Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Seismic Data Interpolation by Orthogonal Matching Pursuit

SUMMARY We present a multi dimensional interpolation method for the regularization of seismic data. The method operates in frequency slices where in each slice the data is represented by a Fourier expansion. The algorithm operates iteratively where in each step one Fourier component is selected from an overly redundant space. The coefficients of all previously selected Fourier components are recalculated at every step and in this the present algorithm differs from most algorithms presented in the geophysical literature. The regularization method is tested in two examples of pre stack data.
Cluster analysis of geophysical field data: an approach for reasonable partitioning of sites.

For land management options, a sharp partitioning of areas is suitable. However, applied soil science usually provides integrated data and different information from identical sites and does not supply a partitioning in respect to all variables. In this paper, we describe a way for deriving reasonable partitioning of sites from multidimensional data sets by an integrated statistical approach: the clustering of different discrete field data. For this purpose, two separate work packages (WP) are suggested. In the first WP, sets of different data are standardize and discretize in order to get collocated data on predefined locations This step is precondition for further processing of multi-dimensional statistical analysis. The second WP leads from the different sets of collocated data to a map of partitions representing different soil units. Using an example of field data, we could show that cluster analysis works as a useful tool for site partitioning. Key word s Rapid soil survey, geophysical approaches, soil moitrure, bulk density, electromagnetic induction.
The Atmosphere-Ocean System of IMAGE 2.2. A global model approach for atmospheric concentrations, and climate and sea level projections

Dit rapport beschrijft de technische achtergrond van het atmosfeer-oceaan systeem van het IMAGE-model (Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment). Het atmosfeer-oceaan systeem van IMAGE modelleert de atmosferische concentraties van de meest belangrijke broeikasgassen en de directe en indirecte effecten van die gassen op de stralingsbalans. Deze submodellen zijn gebaseerd op state-of-the-art benaderingen van meer complexe modellen, zoals gepubliceerd in de Third Assessment Report van het IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Dit geldt ook voor het eenvoudige klimaatmodel, wat in dit rapport wordt beschreven en wat de mondiaal gemiddelde klimaatverandering en zeespiegelstijging berekent. Naast de belangrijkste kenmerken van de submodellen, wordt ook de meest relevante wetenschappelijke achtergrond geschetst. Eveneens worden voor een aantal mondiale indicatoren de resultaten vergeleken met observaties en resultaten van meer complexe modellen en wordt aangetoond voor deze indicatoren dat het atmosfeer-oceaan systeem in de periode 1970 - 1995 goed benadert. Elk hoofdstuk wordt afgesloten met projecties tot 2100 volgens de SRES scenario's van het IPCC, zoals die door het IMAGE team in 2001 zijn gepubliceerd.
SDP Relaxation Methods for RSS/AOA-Based Localization in Sensor Networks

With the fast development of new array technology and intelligent antenna, it is easier to obtain angle of arrival (AOA) measurements. Hybrid received signal strength (RSS) and AOA measurement techniques are proposed for the position computing in sensor networks. By converting the measurement equations and relaxing the optimization function, range-based square semidefinite programming (RLS-SDP) and squared range-based square semidefinite programming (SRLS-SDP) algorithms are put forward to obtain the source position estimate by considering the transmit power to be known or unknown. The proposed RLS-SDP and SRLS-SDP algorithms provide accurate solution to the source position estimate and avoid the initialization process of numerical calculation. The simulations show that the proposed RLS-SDP and SRLS-SDP algorithms perform better than the linear estimator and provide the accuracy performance which is very close to the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of position estimation. The proposed SRLS-SDP algorithm shows its advantages in the computational complexity compared with the RLS-SDP, since the complexity of SRLS-SDP is independent of the number of anchor nodes.
Fuzzy shape classification exploiting geometrical and moments descriptors

In the era of data intensive management and discovery, the volume of images repositories requires effective means for mining and classifying digital image collections. Recent studies have evidenced great interest in image processing by “mining” visual information for objects recognition and retrieval. Particularly, image disambiguation based on the shape produces better results than traditional features such as color or texture. On the other hand, the classification of objects extracted from images appears more intuitively formulated as a shape classification task. This work introduces an approach for 2D shapes classification, based on the combined use of geometrical and moments features extracted by a given collection of images. It achieves a shape-based classification exploiting fuzzy clustering techniques, which enable also a query-by-image.
Pelagic fish abundance in relation to regional environmental variation in the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea

Peltonen, H. , Luoto, M. , Paakkonen, J.-P., Karjalainen, M. , Tuomaala, A. , Ponni, J., and Viitasalo, M. 2007. Pelagic fish abundance in relation to regional environmental variation in the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea. - ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 487-495.This study applies variation partitioning to analyse spatial patterns in hydroacoustic estimates of fish abundance in relation to regional variation in the hydrography, food resources, and geography of the Gulf of Finland, northern Baltic Sea. Using variation partitioning based on generalized additive models, daily fluctuations in hydroacoustic abundance estimates were first eliminated, and the remaining variation in fish abundance was decomposed into independent and joint effects of hydrography, food resources, and geography. The independent effect of geographic variables (spatial location and water depth) captured the largest fraction of the variation (9.3%) in the fish-abundance patterns, whereas the independent effects of hydrography (5.8%) and food resources (5.6%) captured slightly less. However, a considerable portion of the variation in fish-abundance patterns was accounted for by the joint effects of explanatory variables and may therefore be causally related to two or all three groups of variables. The model applied efficiently eliminated the spatial autocorrelation in the fish abundance between sampling units, especially at distances >2000 m. At smaller scales, the residual autocorrelation may have been due to fish behavioural patterns independent of the explanatory variables in this analysis.
Optimizing Nondecomposable Loss Functions in Structured Prediction

We develop an algorithm for structured prediction with nondecomposable performance measures. The algorithm learns parameters of Markov Random Fields (MRFs) and can be applied to multivariate performance measures. Examples include performance measures such as $(F_{\beta })$ score (natural language processing), intersection over union (object category segmentation), Precision/Recall at k (search engines), and ROC area (binary classifiers). We attack this optimization problem by approximating the loss function with a piecewise linear function. The loss augmented inference forms a Quadratic Program (QP), which we solve using LP relaxation. We apply this approach to two tasks: object class-specific segmentation and human action retrieval from videos. We show significant improvement over baseline approaches that either use simple loss functions or simple scoring functions on the PASCAL VOC and H3D Segmentation datasets, and a nursing home action recognition dataset.
Delayed Development of Brain Connectivity in Adolescents With Schizophrenia and Their Unaffected Siblings.

IMPORTANCE Abnormalities in structural brain connectivity have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. Mapping these abnormalities longitudinally and understanding their genetic risk via sibship studies will provide crucial insight into progressive developmental changes associated with schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES To identify corticocortical connections exhibiting an altered developmental trajectory in adolescents with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS) and to determine whether similar alterations are found in patients' unaffected siblings. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Using prospective structural brain magnetic resonance imaging, large-scale corticocortical connectivity was mapped from ages 12 to 24 years in 109 patients with COS (272 images), 86 of their unaffected siblings (184 images), and 102 healthy controls (262 images) over a 20-year period beginning January 1, 1991, through April 30, 2011, as part of the ongoing COS study at the National Institute of Mental Health. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Structural connectivity between pairs of cortical regions was estimated using a validated technique based on across-subject covariation in magnetic resonance imaging-derived cortical thickness measurements. RESULTS Compared with normally developing controls, significant left-hemisphere occipitotemporal deficits in cortical thickness correlations were found in patients with COS as well as their healthy siblings (P < .05). Deficits in siblings normalized by mid-adolescence, whereas patients with COS showed significantly longer maturational delays, with cortical thickness correlations between the left temporal lobe and left occipital cortex not showing evidence of development until early adulthood. The normalization of deficits with age in patients with COS correlated with improvement in symptoms. Compared with controls, left-hemisphere occipitotemporal thickness correlations in a subgroup of patients with high positive symptoms were significantly reduced from age 14 to 18 years (P < .05); however, other patients with low positive symptoms showed no significant deficits. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Delayed maturation of occipitotemporal connectivity appears to be a trait marker in patients with COS, with a milder endophenotype in unaffected siblings associated with resilience to developing schizophrenia. These findings indicate genetically influenced and connection-specific developmental abnormalities in the schizophrenia connectome, and lead to the hypothesis that visual hallucinations in patients with COS may be because of delayed development of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, a prominent occipitotemporal fiber.
Effects of variation in look angle and wavelength in radar images of volcanic and aeolian terrains, or now you see it, now you don't

Abstract A variety of geological targets can have similar radar backscatter and be indistinguishable when observed at particular wavelengths and/or look angles. Certain lava flows of various types and forests can appear identical at some wavelengths, but different at others. Conversely, unvegetated sand dunes change appearance dramatically at different look angles but change little with observing wavelength. Unvegetated sand dunes become completely invisible when imaged at radar look angles greater than the angle of repose. Some volcanic features which are easily discriminated from their surroundings when observed at one look angle can be completely indistinguishable at another. Smaller look angles can provide images with superior surface type discrimination for areas of modest relief. In areas of low sand dunes when subsurface radar imaging can occur, it is possible to observe the surface dunes at one look angle and the subsurface at another. At present there is no a priori way to identify surfaces which.
Geomagnetic polarity transitions of the Gilbert and Gauss chrons recorded in marine marls from Sicily

One of the most fascinating phenomena of geophysics is the fact that in the geological past the Earth's magnetic field has frequently reversed its polarity. These polarity transitions are accurately established during at least the past 165 Myr - from their recording in the ocean floor: the marine magnetic anomalies. The (changes in) reversal frequency during the geological past may tell us something about long-term changes in the lower mantle and outer-core processes, and hence constrain the origin of the field itself. The subject of this thesis, however, deals with an entirely different scale of time: that of individual polarity reversals, taking place in several thousands of years.
Flavonoids and Phenol Carboxylic Acids in the Oriental Medicinal Plant Astragalus membranaceus Acclimated in Poland

Abstract Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge has been was successfully acclimated in Central Europe. We report the content of isoflavones and some other polyphenolic compounds in roots and aerial parts that have been analyzed by means of TLC and HPLC. The total amount of isoflavones in leaves, was 0.55 mg g-1 dry weight, and of the flavonols - up to 3.54 mg g-1. In the roots isoflavonoid content was extremely variable, but reached 3.04 mg g-1, whereas flavonols content was 0.49 mg g-1.
Deglaciation history and landscape development of fjord‐valley deposits in Buvika, Mid‐Norway

Thick deposits of glaciomarine clay and silt overlain by Holocene marine sediments in Norwegian fjord valleys have been, and still are, subject to erosional processes such as river incision, ravine formation and slide activity. In Buvika, Mid‐Norway, these land‐forming processes have been highly influenced by the valley‐fill stratigraphy. Glaciomarine and marine clay sediments dominate this 8 km long hanging valley south of the Gaulosen fjord, with local occurrences of coarser‐grained sediments. Studies of sediments and structures in road excavations together with 14C ages indicate at least one, possibly two, minor glacier readvances in late Allerød/early Younger Dryas (YD) time. This implies a more dynamic ice sheet with more minor ice‐front oscillations than earlier documented in this region. Glacioisostatic rebound resulted in groundwater leaching of marine clay and quick‐clay formation in certain layers or zones. The relative sea‐level fall led to incision by rivers accompanied by numerous slides involving quick clay, which completely liquefies when remoulded. To the east, permeInger‐Lise Solberg (e‐mail: inger‐lise.solberg@sintef.no), Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). Present address: SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, Høgskoleringen 7a, NO‐7465 Trondheim, Norway; Kåre Rokoengen, Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, NTNU, Sem Sælands veg 1, NO‐7491 Trondheim, Norway; Louise Hansen, Lars Olsen and Harald Sveian, Geological Survey of Norway, NO‐7491 Trondheim, Norwayable layers of northwesterly dipping sand and gravel generally originate from a former ice‐marginal delta. These relatively thick and frequent layers of interbedded sand and gravel in the clay‐dominated deposits drain groundwater in the slopes, leading to the development of deeply incised ravines. To the south and north, thinner layers of coarse material in the clay lead to pore‐pressure build‐ups and quick‐clay development, resulting in numerous slide scars. Knowledge of the morphology, stratigraphy and erosion pattern of areas prone to formation of quick clay is important in order to understand the landscape development and evaluate risk areas.
Distorted Beliefs about Luck and Skill and Their Relation to Gambling Problems and Gambling Behavior in Dutch Gamblers

Gamblers’ cognitive distortions are thought to be an important mechanism involved in the development and maintenance of problem gambling. The Gambling Cognitions Inventory (GCI) evaluates two categories of distortions: beliefs that one is lucky (i.e., “Luck/Chance”) and beliefs that one has special gambling-related skills (i.e., “Skill/Attitude”). Prior psychometric evaluations of the GCI demonstrated the utility of both subscales as measures of distortions and their concurrent relations to gambling problems among Canadian gamblers. However, these associations have not yet been studied in gamblers from other cultures nor have relationships between the GCI and indices of gambling behavior been investigated. In addition, the predictive validity of the GCI scales have not been evaluated in studies to date. The present study investigated the validity of the GCI as a measure of cognitive distortions in a sample of 49 Dutch gamblers by examining its concurrent and prospective relationships to both gambling problems (as measured through a standardized nine-item questionnaire assessing gambling-related problems) and behaviors (as measured through two variables: days spent gambling and time spent gambling in minutes) at baseline and over 1-month and 6-month intervals. The GCI subscales were internally consistent at all timepoints, and moderately to strongly inter-correlated at all timepoints. Each subscale correlated with an independent dimension of gambling both concurrently and prospectively: Luck/Chance was related to greater gambling problems and Skill/Attitude was related to greater gambling behavior. Thus, the two GCI subscales, while inter-correlated, appear to be related to different gambling outcomes, at least among Dutch gamblers. Moreover, the first evidence of the predictive validity of the GCI scales was demonstrated over a 1-month and 6-month interval. It is recommended that both types of cognitive distortions be considered in research and clinical practice to fully understand and address individual risk for excessive and problematic gambling.
ECG Signal Analysis Using Wavelet Transform

ECG signal plays an important role in the primary diagnosis and analysis of heart diseases. The feature of ECG signal with time-varying morphological characteristics needs to be extracted by signal processing method because there are not clearly visible in the graphical ECG signal. For analyzing this kind of signal wavelet transforms are a powerful tool. In this thesis paper, an algorithm for automatic ECG signal feature extraction was evaluated. For feature extraction multi-resolution wavelet transform is used. Text formatted ECG signals are taken from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. For wavelet transform, daubechies wavelets were used because the scaling functions of this wavelet filter are similar to the shape of the ECG. In the first step, the ECG signal was denoised by removing the corresponding higher scale wavelet coefficients. Then the R wave peaks were detected which have higher dominated amplitude. These detected R peaks were later used to detect the other peak as P, Q, S, T and also the zero crossing level. From the different peaks, the features of the ECG signal were extracted. Depending on different features, different types of abnormality are classified. The ECG is nothing but the recording of the heart's electrical activity that is generated by depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricales(01). ECG is an important tool for the primary diagnosis of heart disease; it shows the electrophysiology of the heart and the ischemic changes that may occur like the myocardial infection, conduction defects and arrhythmia (02). One cardiac cycle in an ECG signal consists of the P-QRS-T waves . Most of the clinically useful information in the ECG is found in the intervals and amplitudes defined by its features. The ECG feature extraction system provides fundamental features (amplitudes and intervals) to be used in subsequent automatic analysis. Algorithms for ECG feature extraction are difficult to produce due to temporal variations from physiological conditions and the presence of noise. Beat or QRS complex detection is the most important part of an ECG feature extraction system. R wave peak is the QRS complex designator, so peak detection algorithms are required.
Plagiorchis elegans (Trematoda) Induces Immune Response in an Incompatible Snail Host Biomphalaria glabrata (Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

Abstract: Plagiorchis elegans has been shown to decrease the fecundity and survivorship of the incompatible snail host Biomphalaria glabrata. Furthermore, a prior infection with P. elegans was shown to render the snails resistant to the compatible parasite Schistosoma mansoni. Here, we test the hypothesis that infection with P. elegans stimulates the immune system of B. glabrata. Our findings indicate that infection by P. elegans significantly increased the number of free hemocytes in the hemolymph of B. glabrata by an average of ∼60%. Furthermore, this immuno-stimulated state lasted from the first day post-infection (PI) to some time between 7 and 21 days PI. This is one of the few reported examples of a parasite stimulating the immune response of an incompatible host.
Explicit Namespaces 1

A namespace is a mapping from labels to values. Most programming languages support different forms of namespaces, such as records, dictionaries, objects, environments, packages and even keyword-based parameters. Typically only a few of these notions are first-class, leading to arbitrary restrictions and limited abstraction power in the host language. Piccola is a small language that unifies various notions of namespaces as first-class forms, or extensible, immutable records. By making namespaces explicit, Piccola is easily able to express various abstractions that would normally require more heavyweight techniques, such as language extensions or meta-programming.
Formalin Fixation Could Interfere with the Clinical Assessment of the Tumor-Free Margin in Tumor Surgery: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study

Objectives: The tumor-free margin in bone and soft-tissue cancer is a key factor for subsequent treatment. While flattening and shrinkage of specimens after formalin fixation have been described in breast cancer, there are no data for bone and soft tissue sarcoma. Fixation could interfere with the accuracy of the assessment of the tumor-free margin. Methods: The influence of formalin fixation was assessed on forelimb specimens in a preclinical porcine model. The specimens were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging before and after formalin fixation. Weight, width and height of the specimen were measured and different consecutive volumes (total, muscles, bones and fatty tissue) were obtained by segmentation. Results: After formalin fixation, the weight increased, total volume and muscle volume slightly increased while bone did not change and fatty tissue decreased. The width of the specimens increased while their height decreased. Conclusions: Formalin fixation caused slight muscle expansion, fatty tissue shrinkage and flattening of the specimen. These changes could interfere with the assessment of the tumor-free margin in clinical practice.
Semiregular Solid Texturing from 2D Image Exemplars

Solid textures, comprising 3D particles embedded in a matrix in a regular or semiregular pattern, are common in natural and man-made materials, such as brickwork, stone walls, plant cells in a leaf, etc. We present a novel technique for synthesizing such textures, starting from 2D image exemplars which provide cross-sections of the desired volume texture. The shapes and colors of typical particles embedded in the structure are estimated from their 2D cross-sections. Particle positions in the texture images are also used to guide spatial placement of the 3D particles during synthesis of the 3D texture. Our experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can produce higher quality structures than previous approaches; they are both compatible with the input images, and have a plausible 3D nature.