Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commonalities and Distinctions Among Mechanisms of Addiction to Alcohol and Other Drugs.

BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse is comorbid with abuse of many other drugs, some with similar pharmacology and others quite different. This leads to the hypothesis of an underlying, unitary dysfunctional neurobiological basis for substance abuse risk and consequences. METHODS In this review, we discuss commonalities and distinctions of addiction to alcohol and other drugs. We focus on recent advances in preclinical studies using rodent models of drug self-administration. RESULTS While there are specific behavioral and molecular manifestations common to alcohol, psychostimulant, opioid, and nicotine dependence, attempts to propose a unifying theory of the addictions inevitably face details where distinctions are found among classes of drugs. CONCLUSIONS For alcohol, versus other drugs of abuse, we discuss and compare advances in: (i) neurocircuitry important for the different stages of drug dependence; (ii) transcriptomics and genetical genomics; and (iii) enduring effects, noting in particular the contributions of behavioral genetics and animal models.
Creating computer simulations in middle grades mathematics: a study of a technology-integrated statistics curriculum

This study examines two weeklong implementations of technology-enhanced mathematics units. Pre and post-survey data, student interviews, audio and video recordings of classroom sessions, and participation log data were collected and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. Constructs measured included self-efficacy in mathematics and computers, triggered and maintained interest, future pursuits, and engagement. Survey constructs were verified using factor analysis procedures, and t-tests and effect sizes were calculated for pre and post-survey differences of means. Further analysis using ANCOVA and mixed ANOVA procedures examined constructs and sub-populations flagged as potentially having statistically significant differences of means. No statistically significant differences were found between pre and post-survey means for any construct or population of students. Students reported high self-efficacy and interest in both mathematics and computer use overall on both surveys. Analysis of interview and observation data found evidence of students' interest states shifting from triggered to maintained situational interest during the course of unit implementation. Students with repeated exposure to the Simulations in Statistics units were more likely to show evidence of transitioning interest states. Analysis of participation logs showed that, on average, students were highly engaged throughout the units. Engagement rates did not differ by gender, but the nature of engagement did. Female students engaged in more collaborative behavior, while male students engaged in more independent work and off-task behaviors. Two teachers simultaneously implemented the units in two separate computer labs. The learning environments in these two labs were different: one emphasized collaborative work and student self-directed use of online wiki and tutorial resources; the other teacher did not. In the collaborative focused lab, a larger percentage of behavior was on-task for all students, especially female students. The learning environment was critical to the engagement of female students. Latino/a students reported lower self-efficacy beliefs than white students especially in mathematics. Participation in these units gave students the opportunity to develop new self-efficacy beliefs in math and computer use in this context. These findings inform research efforts to increase interest and motivation for women and people of color to pursue STEM related careers.
An efficient scattered data approximation using multilevel B-splines based on quasi-interpolants

In this paper, we propose an efficient approximation algorithm using multilevel B-splines based on quasi-interpolants. Multilevel technique uses a coarse to fine hierarchy to generate a sequence of bicubic B-spline functions whose sum approaches the desired interpolation function. To compute a set of control points, quasi-interpolants gives a procedure for deriving local spline approximation methods where a B-spline coefficient only depends on data points taken from the neighborhood of the support corresponding the B-spline. Experimental results show that the smooth surface reconstruction with high accuracy can be obtained from a selected set of scattered or dense irregular samples.
Evolution of stomach lysozyme: the pig lysozyme gene.

The acquisition of an efficient stomach lysozyme is associated with the success of the ruminants. Advanced ruminants, such as cow, sheep, and deer, have approximately 10 lysozyme genes, some of which are expressed and function in the stomach and some which are expressed and function in nonstomach tissues (e.g., trachea or kidney). The pig possesses a single conventional lysozyme c gene that is expressed in both stomach and nonstomach tissues, and in this respect is similar to what was thought to exist in the early artiodactyl, before the acquisition of the ruminant lifestyle. To better understand the genetic events that occurred early in the origin and evolution of stomach lysozyme, we have isolated and characterized the pig lysozyme gene. The pig lysozyme gene is similar in size to that of other mammalian species, and both stomach and nonstomach expression utilize the same promoter. All the duplications of the ruminant lysozyme gene occurred after the divergence of the pig lineage from the lineage leading to the advanced ruminants. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the coding region of mature stomach lysozymes from advanced ruminants and pig revealed no change in the rate of synonymous substitutions. Comparison of the numbers of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions provides evidence for positive selection along the early ruminant lineage. These results indicate that changes in selective pressure, and not mutation rate, account for the changes in rates of stomach lysozyme evolution.
A Study of Personality in Relation to Resilience and Stress

With the growing amount of stress among individuals, a need was felt to investigate Personality types in relation to Resilience and Stress. The sample comprised of 100 college students (50 males and 50 females) in the age range of 18-23 years. For this purpose, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-R Short Form (Francis et al., 1992), Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1983), The 14 item Resilience Scale (RS-14; Wagnild & Young, 1993) and Stress Symptom Rating Scale (Heilbrun & Pepe, 1985) were administered. Data was analyzed using the Pearson Correlation Coefficient and t-ratio. Among females the results showed significant positive relationship between Stress (symptoms and perceived stress) with both Neuroticism and Psychoticism. Positive associations were also seen in perceived stress and stress symptoms among females. Among males positive correlations were observed between Neuroticism and Stress (symptoms and perceived stress) and between Perceived Stress and Stress Symptoms. For the total sample, positive associations were observed between Stress Symptoms, Perceived Stress and Neuroticism. Also there was a positive relationship between Stress Symptoms and Psychoticism in the total sample. No significant gender differences were observed on dimensions of Psychoticism, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Resilience, Perceived Stress, however significant gender differences were observed on the dimension of Stress Symptoms. The results thus revealed stress proneness in individuals high on Neuroticism and Psychoticism. Further it was also observed that people high on Neuroticism and Psychoticism dimensions exhibit a decreased amount of resilience. The study invites interventional researches in order to inculcate resilience and reduce neuroticism to deal with stress successfully.
DECOMPOSITION OF VARIANCE IN TERMS OF CONDITIONAL MEANS

Two different sets of data are used to test an apparently new approach to the analysis of the variance of a numerical variable which depends on qualitative variables. We suggest that this approach be used to complement other existing techniques to study the interdependence of the variables involved. According to our method, the variance is expressed as a sum of orthogonal components, obtained as differences of conditional means, with respect to the qualitative characters. The resulting expression for the variance depends on the ordering in which the characters are considered. We suggest an algorithm which leads to an ordering which is deemed natural. The first set of data concerns the score achieved by a population of students on an entrance examination based on a multiple choice test with 30 questions. In this case the qualitative characters are dyadic and correspond to correct or incorrect answer to each question. The second set of data concerns the delay to obtain the degree for a population of graduates of Italian universities. The variance in this case is analyzed with respect to a set of seven specific qualitative characters of the population studied (gender, previous education, working condition, parent's educational level, field of study, etc.).
Insights into nucleotide binding in protein kinase A using fluorescent adenosine derivatives

The binding of the methylanthraniloyl derivatives of ATP (mant‐ATP), ADP (mant‐ADP), 2′deoxyATP (mant‐2′deoxyATP), and 3′deoxyATP (mant‐3′deoxyATP) to the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A was studied to gain insights into the mechanism of nucleotide binding. The binding of the mant nucleotides leads to a large increase in fluorescence energy transfer at 440 nm, allowing direct measurements of nucleotide affinity. The dissociation constant of mant‐ADP is identical to that for ADP, while that for mant‐ATP is approximately threefold higher than that for ATP. The dissociation constant for mant‐3′deoxyATP is approximately fivefold higher than that for 3′deoxyATP while derivatization of 2′deoxyATP does not affect affinity. The time‐dependent binding of mant‐ATP, mant‐2′deoxyATP, and mant‐ADP, measured using stopped‐flow fluorescence spectroscopy, is best fit to three exponentials. The fast phase is ligand dependent, while the two slower phases are ligand independent. The slower phases are similar but not identical in rate, and have opposite fluorescence amplitudes. Both isomers of mant‐ATP are equivalent substrates, as judged by reversed‐phase chromatography, although the rate of phosphorylation is approximately 20‐fold lower than the natural nucleotide. The kinetic data are consistent with a three‐step binding mechanism in which initial association of the nucleotide derivatives produces a highly fluorescent complex. Either one or two conformational changes can occur after the formation of this binary species, but one of the isomerized forms must have low fluorescence compared to the initial binary complex. These data soundly attest to the structural plasticity within the kinase core that may be essential for catalysis. Overall, the mant nucleotides present a useful reporter system for gauging these conformational changes in light of the prevailing three‐dimensional models for the enzyme.
MGST2 and WNT2 are candidate genes for comitant strabismus susceptibility in Japanese patients

Background/Aim Strabismus is a common condition with misalignment between two eyes that may lead to decrease of visual acuity, lack of binocularity, and diplopia. It is caused by heterogeneous environmental and genetic risk factors. Our previous research has identified new chromosomal susceptibility loci in 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 regions for comitant strabismus in Japanese families. We conducted a verification study by linkage analysis to narrow the chromosomal loci down to a single gene. Methods From Japanese and U.S. databases, 24 rsSNPs and 233 rsSNPs were chosen from the 4q28.3 and 7q31.2 region, respectively, and were typed in 108 affected subjects and 96 unaffected subjects of 58 families with primary and non-syndromic comitant strabismus. Three major analytical methods were used: transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), TDT allowing for errors (TDTae), and linkage analysis under dominant and recessive inheritance. Results The SNPs with significant P values in TDT and TDTae were located solely at the gene, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 (MGST2), on chromosome 4q28.3 locus. In contrast, significant SNPs were dispersed in a few genes, containing wingless-type MMTV integration site family member 2 (WNT2), on chromosome 7q31.2 locus. The distribution of significant SNPs on the 7q31.2 locus showed that only the ST7 to WNT2 region in the same big haplotype block contained significant SNPs for all three methods of linkage analysis. Conclusions This study suggests that MGST2 and WNT2 are potential candidates for comitant strabismus in Japanese population.
Why do team sports athletes drink fluid in excess when exercising in cool conditions?

This study assessed the potential physiological and perceptual drivers of fluid intake (FI) and thirst sensation (TS) during intermittent exercise. 10 male rugby players (17 ± 1 years, stature: 179.1 ± 4.2 cm, body mass (BM): 81.9 ± 8.1 kg) participated in 6x6 min small-sided games, interspersed with 2 min rest, where FI was ad libitum during rest periods. Pre and post measurements of BM, subjective ratings (thirst, thermal comfort, thermal sensation, mouth dryness), plasma osmolality (POsm), serum sodium concentration (S[Na + ]), haematocrit and haemoglobin (to calculate plasma volume change; PV) were taken. FI was measured during rest periods. BM change was -0.17 ± 0.59% and FI was 0.88 ± 0.38L. Pre to post POsm decreased (-3.1 ± 2.3 mOsm·kg −1 ; p = 0.002) and S[Na + ] remained similar (-0.3 ± 0.7mmol·L 1 , p = 0.193). ∆PV was 5.84 ± 3.65%. FI displayed a relationship with pre POsm (r = -0.640, p = 0.046), pre thermal comfort ( r = 0.651; p = -0.041), ∆S[Na + ] ( r = 0.816, p = 0.004), and ∆PV ( r = 0.740; p = 0.014). ∆TS displayed a relationship with pre mouth dryness ( r = 0.861, p = 0.006) and ∆mouth dryness ( r = 0.878, p = 0.004). Yet a weak positive relationship between ∆TS and FI was observed ( r = 0.085, p = 0.841). These data observed in an ambient temperature of 13.6 ± 0.9̊C, suggest team sport athletes drink in excess of fluid homeostasis requirements and TS in cool conditions, however this was not influence by thermal discomfort.
What influences the formation of a child's spirituality? :An initial study of the preparation of children for admission into the catholic sacraments of initiation

This paper reports on the first stage of a wider research project investigating the influences on the spiritual development of children within a Catholic parish context, as perceived by Catholic parish personnel who have assumed this responsibility. Eight participants who held religious leadership positions within a parish environment met as a focus group and derived six domains considered to be key influences on a child’s spiritual formation. A subsequent focus group comprising 37 adult participants who held a direct spiritual educative/formative role with children discussed these six key areas of influence, and then individually ranked and weighted them in terms of considered importance. Findings indicated variation among the clusters of domains describing the influences of family, peers and school, relationship with God, and one’s use of time. The influence of information technology was found to be distinct from all other domains. Further research based on these findings is warranted.
Pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab for previously untreated advanced stage, low‐grade B‐cell lymphomas

We conducted a prospective phase II trial of pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab as initial therapy for patients with previously untreated advanced stage low‐grade or indolent B‐cell lymphomas (iNHLs). Of 83 evaluable patients, 91·6% attained an overall response and 86·8% a complete or unconfirmed complete response. The 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival rates were 73% and 93%, respectively. The 3‐year PFS rate was significantly different for different diagnoses (P = 0·01): 83% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·72, 0·96] for follicular lymphomas, 73% (95% CI: 0·54, 1·0) for marginal zone lymphomas and 61% (95% CI: 0·46, 0·81) for small lymphocytic lymphomas. The most common adverse events were haematological. Of 509 cycles of chemotherapy administered, grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was reported in 68 cycles (13% of cycles administered) and most frequently occurred during cycles 4–6. This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of pentostatin, cyclophosphamide and rituximab in patients with previously untreated iNHLs, including those over 60 years of age.
Human heat‐shock protein 60 receptor‐coated paramagnetic beads show improved capture of Listeria monocytogenes in the presence of other Listeria in food

Aims: To investigate the suitability of human Hsp60, a receptor for Listeria adhesion protein (LAP), on paramagnetic beads (PMB) to capture Listeria monocytogenes from food in the presence of other Listeria to facilitate rapid and specific detection of this pathogen.
The Environments of Ultrastrong Mg II Absorbers

We present r'- or i'-band WIYN images of the fields of 15 Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasars that have spectra exhibiting intervening Mg II absorption-line systems with rest equivalent widths 2.7 Å ≤ W ≤ 6.0 Å and redshifts 0.42 < zabs < 0.84. Such systems are rare and exhibit projected absorption velocity spreads in excess of ≈300-650 km s-1. Approximately 60% are expected to be damped Lyα systems. In each of our fields we detect at least one galaxy that, if at the absorption redshift, would have impact parameter b ≲ 40 kpc and luminosity L ≳ 0.3L*. We measure a significant excess of galaxies at low b to the sight lines over a large range of luminosity. Many of the sight lines are found to pass either through or close to the optically luminous extent of a galaxy. Considering the very large velocity spreads seen in absorption, this suggests that these absorbing regions are more kinematically complex than local spirals such as the Milky Way. Our data indicate that interactions and galaxy pairs may be a contributing factor to the production of such large velocity spreads. Finally, we also find evidence that a population of galaxies with luminosities in the range 4L* ≲ L ≲ 13L* may contribute to the presence of ultrastrong Mg II absorption. Thus, some of the absorbing galaxies may represent a population intermediate to the very luminous high-redshift Lyman break galaxies and the fainter local starburst population.
Online Piece-wise Linear Approximation of Numerical Streams with Precision Guarantees

Continuous "always-on" monitoring is beneficial for a number of applications, but potentially imposes a high load in terms of communication, storage and power consumption when a large number of variables need to be monitored. We introduce two new filtering techniques, swing filters and slide filters, that represent within a prescribed precision a time-varying numerical signal by a piecewise linear function, consisting of connected line segments for swing filters and (mostly) disconnected line segments for slide filters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of swing and slide filters in terms of their compression power by applying them to a real-life data set plus a variety of synthetic data sets. For nearly all combinations of signal behavior and precision requirements, the proposed techniques outperform the earlier approaches for online filtering in terms of data reduction. The slide filter, in particular, consistently dominates all other filters, with up to twofold improvement over the best of the previous techniques.
Présentation de l'échelle de deuil de Potvin, Lasker et Toedter : utilité en clinique pré-et périnatale.

Les auteurs presentent une traduction de l'echelle abregee de deuil pre- et perinatal de Potvin, Lasker et Toedter. Ils precisent les lectures quantitatives et qualitatives offertes par cet instrument et son utilite dans une perspective de prevention primaire.
Detection of tumour necrosis factor a in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis granulomas using in situ hybridisation

Aims-To determine the site of tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa) product and mRNA in granulomas. Method-In situ hybridisation with digoxigenin labelled or biotinylated oligonucleotide probes was used to demonstrate the presence oftotal mRNA, and then the presence of TNFa mRNA in the biopsy specimens of 37 granulomas (31 sarcoidosis, six tuberculosis). Results-TNFa mRNA was detected in epithelioid cells, giant cells, and lymphocytes in the granulomas. Some sarcoidosis specimens did not contain detectable mRNA for TNF, but did contain TNF peptide in the epithelioid or giant cells on immunostaining. This may have been due to stored TNF present in cells in which mRNA for TNF is no longer being produced. Conclusion-The results suggest that giant cells should not be regarded as effete cells, as they contain large amounts of mRNA and seem to be actively produc-ing TNFa. (7 Clin Pathol 1994;47:423-426)
DISTINCTIVENESS OF 'VOICED T' WORDS

THE STATUS of the post-stress, intervocalic sound which occurs in American speech to represent orthographic t and d in such words as ladder and latter is not clear. There is little evidence as to the exact nature of the sound, its frequency of occurrence, its relative occurrence in words spelled with t and d, and the extent of confusion it may cause between pairs of words such as ladder-latter. This intervocalic sound is often described as 'voiced t. ' Twaddell has main-
The Tube on YouTube: TV Series, Media Strategies, and User Tactics in a Transmedia Environment

This study analyzes the traffic generated on YouTube around television series. We selected a sample of 314 short YouTube videos about 21 Spanish TV series that premiered in 2013 by Spain’s three most popular mainstream television networks (Telecinco, Antena 3, and La1). These videos, which together received more than 24 million views, were classified according to two key variables: the nature (official or nonofficial) of the YouTube channel on which they were located and the exclusivity of their content (already broadcast on TV or Web exclusive). The analysis allows us to characterize the strategies used by TV networks on YouTube and the activity of fans as well as their efforts in the construction of a transmedia narrative universe around TV series.
Predicting Occupation from Images by Combining Face and Body Context Information

Facial images embed age, gender, and other rich information that is implicitly related to occupation. In this work, we advocate that occupation prediction from a single facial image is a doable computer vision problem. We extract multilevel hand-crafted features associated with locality-constrained linear coding and convolutional neural network features as image occupation descriptors. To avoid the curse of dimensionality and overfitting, a boost strategy called multichannel SVM is used to integrate features from face and body. Intra- and interclass visual variations are jointly considered in the boosting framework to further improve performance. In the evaluation, we verify the effectiveness of predicting occupation from face and demonstrate promising performance obtained by combining face and body information. More importantly, our work further integrates deep features into the multichannel SVM framework and shows significantly better performance over the state of the art.