Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
‘Haven of safety’ and ‘secure base’: a qualitative inquiry into factors affecting child attachment security in Nairobi, Kenya

ABSTRACT Secure attachment in childhood and adolescence protects children from engagement in high-risk behaviors and development of mental health problems over the life span. Poverty has been shown to create impoverishment in certain aspects of caregiving and correspondingly to compromise development of secure attachment in children. Nineteen children 8–14 years old from two schools in a middle-income area and an urban informal settlement area of Nairobi were interviewed using an adapted Child Attachment Interview (CAI) protocol. CAI was developed to provide a glimpse into the ‘meta-theories’ children have about themselves, parents, parenting, and their attachment ties with parents and extended family members. Narratives obtained with the CAI were analyzed using thematic analysis. Both Bowlby’s idea of ‘secure base’ and Bronfrenbrenner’s ‘ecological niche’ are used as reference points to situate child attachment and parenting practices in the larger Kenyan context. We found that with slight linguistic alterations CAI can be used to assess attachment security of Kenyan children in this particular age range. We also found that the narration ability in both groups of children was generally good such that formal coding was possible despite cultural differences. Our analysis suggested differences in narrative quality across the children from middle class and lower socioeconomic class schools on specific themes such as sensitivity of parenting (main aspects of sensitivity were associated with disciplinary methods and child’s access to education), birth order, parental emotional availability, and severity of interparental conflicts and child’s level of exposure. The paper puts in context a few cultural practices such as greater household responsibility accorded to the eldest child and stern to harsh disciplinary methods adopted by parents in the Kenyan setting.
ANALYSIS THE ETHICAL LEADERSHIP IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT SERVICE OFFICE OF STATE PROPERTY AND AUCTION (KPKNL) MANADO

Nowdays satisfaction employee is the main task for the organization or company must do. Employee is the organization soul. Before go to the customer, organization must pay attention from the internal of their organization, must see the performance of their organization. Organization or company performances depend on the employee. Employee performances depend on the leadership of leader in the organization. Service office of state property and auction ( Kantor Pelayanan Kekayaan Negara dan Lelang /KPKNL) has been chosen as the population for the study. Mostly leader that work in Manado comes from outside Manado. New leader, means new style of leadership that can influence the performance of employee. Many aspects will appear comes from employee when they meet with new leader that they don’t know about the leader behavior and about leading also it will affect the employee performance. Based on that, Leadership in this case is ethical leadership must prove is leadership of leader that always exchange will affect the performance of employee or not. The study took 30 employees as a sample. The data was analyzed by using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show that ethical leadership is critical to build or improve the employee performance. Keywords : ethical, leadership, employee performance.
Systemic arterial pressure wave reflections during acute hemorrhage*

Objective:To determine the effects of hemorrhage on wave-reflection-induced systolic pressure augmentation in the aorta. Design:Randomized, controlled laboratory experiment. Setting:University research laboratory. Subjects:Twenty-five anesthetized pigs randomized to surgical controls (n = 7), hemorrhage (n = 9, H), and hemorrhage with reinfusion (n = 9, HR). Interventions:Hemorrhage of 1 mL/kg/min over 20 mins followed by observation (H) or reinfusion (HR) of shed blood. Measurements and Main Results:High-fidelity systemic arterial pressure waveforms, from ascending aorta to femoral artery, were transduced and archived digitally using intravascular semiconductor catheter-tipped pressure transducers. Wave-reflection-induced systolic pressure augmentation was determined using the augmentation index in the ascending aorta (AIaa) and distal descending aorta (AIda). Pulse wave velocity, wave travel times, and lumped pressure wave reflection sites were also calculated. AI values were positive at baseline with greater decreases in AIda compared with AIaa observed following hemorrhage, with negative values achieved for AIda alone. AI returned to control values following reinfusion. Lumped reflection site positions and pressure contour maps suggested that a single lumped reflection site (lower abdomen/pelvis) at baseline was replaced by two discrete sites (upper abdomen and pelvis) following hemorrhage, which only recovered following reinfusion. Hemorrhage was associated with hemodynamic conditions that favored late return of wave reflection from the trunk and with the absence of significant changes in systemic vascular resistance. Conclusions:Hemorrhage-induced early return of pressure wave reflection from the abdominal vasculature is associated with systolic pressure augmentation in the ascending aorta and has the potential to worsen afterload conditions and decrease coronary artery perfusion and cardiac performance. Hemorrhage-induced splanchnic vasoconstriction causing pressure wave reflection may explain these loading conditions in the ascending aorta, and systolic pressure augmentation may be a more useful guide to left ventricular afterload than systemic vascular resistance.
Genotype–phenotype studies in infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I in Germany: implications for clinical trials and genetic counselling

We reviewed the natural history and assessed the SMN2 copy number of 66 patients with infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type I born between 2000 and 2005 in Germany whose diagnosis was confirmed by a homozygous SMN1 deletion in the first 6 months of life. After excluding patients who had received valproic acid, the median/mean age at disease endpoint was 6.1/7.3 months (range 0.0–34.0). Four (6.1%) patients with one SMN2 copy had severe SMA type ‘0’ with joint contractures and respiratory distress from birth. Median/mean age at onset (months) in 57 (86.3%) patients with two SMN2 copies was 1.2/1.3, and 3.5/3.4 in 5 (7.6%) patients with three SMN2 copies. Median/mean age at disease endpoint was 6.5/7.8 months (range 0.5–30) in patients with two SMN2 copies. All patients with three SMN2 copies were still alive at 10–55 months, two of them under permanent ventilation. Our data are relevant for prognostication and genetic counselling. The observed clinical variability, especially in the group with two SMN2 copies, might be important for clinical trials in SMA I where a possible control group could be defined as follows: age at onset within 4–5 months, age at genetic diagnosis <6 months, two SMN2 copies present, head control in less than 10%, no respiratory distress from birth, disease endpoint either age at death or age at permanent ventilation.
Brand and retailer loyalty: past behavior and future intentions

Brand loyalty is investigated by examining actual past behavior and its impact on future behavioral intentions: in terms of expectation to purchase the same/another brand from the same/another retailer, as well as willingness to recommend the purchased brand and retailer from which it was purchased. Findings indicate that while not without its flaws, purchase expectations/intentions data remain a valid research metric. Furthermore, it would appear as if the brand/consumer interface offers greater predictive ability than the retail/consumer interface. Lastly, willingness to recommend does not seem to be influenced by past behavior, but the higher the respondent’s expectation to purchase a brand, the higher will be their willingness to recommend that brand. The same applies to retailer recommendation. Limitations are discussed, and directions for future research suggested.
Plasma tryptophan binding to albumin in unipolar depressives

The equilibrium binding constants of the interaction of tryptophan with albumin have been determined in plasma samples from both controls and patients suffering from affective disorders. The data corresponded with literature values for both the albumin concentration in plasma and the equilibrium constant for tryptophan binding to albumin. No differences in the equilibrium constants were detected between patients and controls but a small increase in the albumin concentration was noted in the depressives. It was agreed that this rise would be inadequate to lead to a significant effect on free tryptophan levels. Non‐esterified fatty acid analysis indicated no differences between patient groups.
Valuing university-based firms

This paper studies the valuation of university-based firms. Out of 1 697 non-financial companies that went public in Europe during the period 1995-2002, 143 were university-based firms. University affiliation is perceived by the market of investors as a signal of firm quality, with university-based firms registering higher valuations and lower uncertainty levels compared to a matched sample of independent firms. However, despite the benefits yielded by links with universities in terms of a greater propensity to innovation, in the long term university-based firms do not out-perform their counterparts. By using a hierarchical regression analysis, we find that Top Management Team (TMT) composition and ownership play a different role between the two samples. In particular, the presence of independent members and venture capitalists in the TMT is more important in enhancing the performance of university-based firms, whose management often needs external help to improve its performance in carrying out its agency role. We argue that, when founding university-based firms, it should be considered if business competencies are or want to be achieved by the team members. Our conclusion is that university-based firms face a make-or-buy decision on management skills.
Utility of Real-Time PCR in the Diagnosis of Primary Epstein-Barr Virus Infection

Background: Despite the availability of several serological markers, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status of some patients is not easily resolved. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the quantification and the diagnostic utility of EBV DNA detection as an adjunct to serological diagnosis of primary EBV infection. Study Design: Sera from 118 patients referred for suspected primary EBV infection, were tested for heterophile antibodies (HA), IgM antibodies against viral capsid antigen (VCA IgM) and IgG against nuclear antigen (EBNA IgG). A quantitative real time EBV PCR assay (Light Cycler EBV Quant kit) was simultaneously performed in plasma of these patients. Results: EBV DNA was detected in 43 of 46 patients (93.5%) with serologically confirmed primary infection. By performing real time RCR in the remaining 72 samples, 24 additional cases were diagnosed: in 20 of them, VCA IgM was positive but not HA; in 4 cases, HA were positive, but not VCA IgM. EBV DNA load was detectable in all samples drawn until day 12 after onset of symptoms; 20 days after onset all samples were negative. Higher viral load levels were detected in younger patients and in male patients. Conclusions: The use of EBV PCR assay resulted in an increase in definitive diagnosis of primary EBV infection, enhancing overall diagnostic efficacy by 20.3%. Real time PCR is a reliable tool for diagnosis of primary EBV infection early in the course of disease and may especially serve as a useful diagnostic supplement in serologically unclear cases of EBV infection.
Statistical beamforming for the large antenna broadcast channel

This paper studies the broadcast channel with M antennas at the base-station and M single antenna users. Most of the works in the literature assume perfect channel state information at both ends of each link. In this work, we assume that these links are spatially correlated and only the long-term statistical information corresponding to the covariance matrices of the links are available at both ends. We are interested in the design of beamforming vectors for data transmission to the M users to maximize the ergodic sum-rate obtained by treating interference as noise. In the simpler M = 2 setting, our prior work has shown the optimality of a generalized eigenvector beamformer structure for this problem. However, these results are not easily extendable to the general M user setting. We overcome these difficulties by first establishing a tractable approximation for the ergodic sum-rate in terms of the beamforming vectors and covariance matrices that is asymptotically tight in M. We then cast the sum-rate approximation maximization problem as a manifold optimization and illustrate the optimality of the generalized eigenvector structure in the general M user setting.
Surgeon Knowledge Contributes to the Relationship Between Surgeon Volume and Patient Outcomes in Rectal Cancer

Objective: To determine whether surgeon knowledge contributes to the relationship between surgeon procedure volume and patient outcomes in rectal cancer. Background: Although previous research has shown that treatment by high-volume surgeons is associated with improved outcomes among patients with rectal cancer, the mechanisms for such an association are not well understood. Methods: In 2009, a mail survey with 8 questions pertaining to rectal cancer care was created, modified for content validity, and sent to all general surgeons in Nova Scotia, Canada. Patients with rectal cancer, who were treated by the survey respondents between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2006, were identified retrospectively, and a comprehensive standardized review of medical records was used to collect outcome data for this population-based cohort. The association between surgeon survey score (dichotomized into high- and low-score groups on the basis of the median score), surgeon procedure volume, and patient outcomes was examined. Results: Of 521 patients who underwent treatment with curative intent from July 1, 2002, to June 30, 2006, 377 patients (72%) were treated by 25 surgeons who responded to the survey. After controlling for patient and tumor factors, patients treated by high-volume surgeons were more likely to receive a total mesorectal excision (TME) [odds ratio (OR) = 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.20–5.83], more likely to undergo an adequate lymph node harvest (OR = 3.67; 95%CI, 2.36–5.70), less likely to have a permanent colostomy (OR = 0.53; 95%CI, 0.30–0.93), and less likely to develop local recurrence (HR = 0.54; 95%CI, 0.29–0.99). When surgeon survey score was included in the multivariate regression models, the relationship between surgeon procedure volume and permanent colostomy was diminished. There was a significant interaction between surgeon survey score and surgeon volume for the outcomes of use of TME (P < 0.01) and local recurrence (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These data suggest that surgeon knowledge may, at least in part, explain surgeon volume-associated differences in rectal cancer outcomes.
Automated Building Extraction from High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in Urban Areas Using Structural, Contextual, and Spectral Information

High-resolution satellite imagery provides an important new data source for building extraction. We demonstrate an integrated strategy for identifying buildings in 1-meter resolution satellite imagery of urban areas. Buildings are extracted using structural, contextual, and spectral information. First, a series of geodesic opening and closing operations are used to build a differential morphological profile (DMP) that provides image structural information. Building hypotheses are generated and verified through shape analysis applied to the DMP. Second, shadows are extracted using the DMP to provide reliable contextual information to hypothesize position and size of adjacent buildings. Seed building rectangles are verified and grown on a finely segmented image. Next, bright buildings are extracted using spectral information. The extraction results from the different information sources are combined after independent extraction. Performance evaluation of the building extraction on an urban test site using IKONOS satellite imagery of the City of Columbia, Missouri, is reported. With the combination of structural, contextual, and spectral information, of the building areas are extracted with a quality percentage.
La Pequeña Minería en el Ecuador

Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development is a project of the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). The project was made possible by the support of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). IIED is a company limited by guarantee and incorporated in England. Reg. No. 2188452. VAT Reg. No. GB 440 4948 50. Registered Charity No. 800066 Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development
How Do Social Media Users in Turkey Differ in Terms of Their Use Habits and Preferences

Considering their effects and capacity, social media dominate mainstream media nowadays. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there are any differences among social media users in Turkey by observing the behavioral patterns of specific groups of users in terms of activities, preferences, and use habits. The study examines to what extent or by whom social media tools are actively used in Turkey and which factors promote the current use of social media. The authors used cluster analysis to classify a sample of 530 Turkish social media users, based on the users' specific activities (i.e., just following others, following and participating, and/or original content creation) on social media platforms. The results indicate that Turkish social media users can be grouped into five clusters; namely, social pioneers, observers/watchers, content creators, engagers, and game lovers. The authors found that there is widespread consumption among Turkish users, but that they use social media primarily to follow others in order to learn and to interact socially. Using social media for original content creation is not yet common. The findings of this study can be useful for further social media research in the digital marketing field globally.
Multiresolution Dynamic Mode Decomposition

We demonstrate that the integration of the recently developed dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) with a multiresolution analysis allows for a decomposition method capable of robustly separating complex systems into a hierarchy of multiresolution time-scale components. A one-level separation allows for background (low-rank) and foreground (sparse) separation of dynamical data, or robust principal component analysis. The multiresolution DMD (mrDMD) is capable of characterizing nonlinear dynamical systems in an equation-free manner by recursively decomposing the state of the system into low-rank terms whose temporal coefficients in time are known. DMD modes with temporal frequencies near the origin (zero-modes) are interpreted as background (low-rank) portions of the given dynamics, and the terms with temporal frequencies bounded away from the origin are their sparse counterparts. The mrDMD method is demonstrated on several examples involving multiscale dynamical data, showing excellent decomposition results, .
Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing Through Manufacturing

The New Competitive Challenge for Manufacturing. The Concept of Manufacturing Strategy. Long-term Capacity Strategies. Facilities Strategy. Implementing Facilities Planning Processes. The Technology of Manufacturing Processes. Matching Process Technology with Product/Market Requirements. The Experience Curve--A Framework for Manufacturing Performance Improvement. Vertical Integration and Sourcing. Managing Changes in Manufacturing's Technology and Structure. German Approaches to Manufacturing Management. Japanese Approaches to Manufacturing Management. Learning from Your World-class Competitors. Building Manufacturing's Competitive Potential. Index.
A joint measurement-based admission and bandwidth control QOS provisioning scheme for WLANS

We propose a Joint Measurement-based Admission and Bandwidth Control (JMABC) QoS provisioning scheme for real-time applications over Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) WLANs. JMABC offers a clean improvement on top of the existing WLANs as it combines the underlying DCF with layer-3 control mechanisms. The JMABC's control mechanisms come in two folds: 1) Active traffic flows are protected from the newly admitted flows through a measurement-based admission control policy and 2) The admitted real-time traffic flows are prioritized over the best-effort traffic through a packets scheduling scheme. Extensive simulation studies on throughput, packets delay, and jitter performances show that the proposed JMABC scheme can effectively enhance the performance of real-time applications over legacy DCF WLAN systems.
INTERPERIOD TAX ALLOCATION, EARNING EXPECTATIONS, AND THE BEHAVIOR OF SECURITY PRICES

T HE measurement of earnings has been of continuing concern to accountants and to users of accounting data. Because there is an unlimited number of reporting methods and because the process of data collection, storage, reporting, and analysis is not a costless activity, the relative merit of alternative income measurement rules is a topic of importance to accounting research. This paper presents some preliminary findings regarding the observed association between security prices and alternative income numbers, where the primary focus is upon the issue of interperiod tax allocation. The interperiod tax allocation controversy is an attractive research topic for several reasons. (1) It is virtually impossible to resolve the controversy with traditional sorts of arguments.1 This is also true of many other measurement controversies in accounting, and it is particuarly obvious here. (2) The controversy affects a large number of firms. Many other controversies tend to be of concern in only a few industries (e.g., research and development, advertising and long-term leases), while most firms have a deferred tax account. (3) Although deferral is required (APB Opinion No. 11), nondeferral income can be easily estimated from the financial statements. Such an adjustment would be extremely difficult and/or costly in other controversies (e.g., LIFO versus FIFO). Hence, the issue of differences in visibility among alternative measures is not nearly as serious here as it is for some measurement issues. The association between the alternative