Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensuring the Integrity of Running Java Programs

517 INTRODUCTION Computing devices are increasingly relied on to store, manipulate, transmit, and visualize data. This reliance extends to nearly all aspects of modern society, from individuals who rely on their smartphones to always be at their fingertips to organizations with vast networks and racks of servers that must always be fully functional. Such reliance poses a great risk in the event that the software components of these devices are not operating as expected or required. Alterations to device software, which may occur either by accident or malice, bring into doubt the integrity of the software. A piece of software (e.g., a running process) is said to have integrity if it runs without improper system alterations.1 Stakeholders would like to base their decisions on the operational integrity of the relevant running software. For example, a user may wish to know that there is no keyboard logger on a system before entering a password; a network access control point may wish to validate that only authorized computers may gain access to the network. Previous work has shown that it is possible to measure software as it is loaded. These load-time systems (e.g., Refs. 2 and 3) are typically based on computing a cryptographic hash of the program image. However, these systems only show that the software was correct when it was started. They do not provide evidence to show that the software continues to operate as expected. This is an he increased use of and reliance on computing devices elicits a desire to ensure the integrity of the software running on these devices. This desire is indeed well founded—malicious software has become a major problem for today’s computer systems. Consequently, we have developed the Java Measurement Framework (JMF) for inspecting a running Java program and ensuring the program’s integrity. JMF provides a mechanism for writing integrity policies about Java programs. Our implementation provides the capability to extract a measurement of the code and data of the running program and then evaluate this measurement against a policy. The result allows concerned parties to achieve a greater confidence in the integrity of the software running on their systems. We show how our system can be used on several real-world Java programs and with adequate performance overhead. Ensuring the Integrity of Running Java Programs
A Motor Rotary Fault Diagnosis System Using Dynamic Structural Neural Network

This study proposed an intelligent rotary fault diagnosis systems for motors. A sensor less rotational speed detection method and a dynamic structural neural network (DSNN) were used. This method can be employed to detect the rotary frequencies of motors with varying speeds and can enhance the discrimination of motor faults. To conduct the experiments, this work used wireless sensor nodes to transmit vibration data, and employed MATLAB to write codes for functional modules, including signal processing, sensor less rotational speed estimation, and neural networks. Additionally, Visual Basic was used to create an integrated human-machine interface. The experimental results regarding test equipment faults indicated that the proposed method can effectively estimate rotational speeds and provide superior discrimination of motor faults.
ClpXP Protease Controls Expression of the Type III Protein Secretion System through Regulation of RpoS and GrlR Levels in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Expression of the type III protein secretion system (TTSS), encoded in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), has been shown to be controlled by various regulators. In a search for additional regulatory genes, we identified a DNA fragment containing clpX and clpP that has a positive regulatory effect on LEE expression in EHEC O157. The expression of LEE-encoded Esp proteins was significantly reduced in a clpXP deletion mutant. Deletion of grlR, a negative regulatory gene within LEE, markedly increased LEE expression even in the clpXP mutant. To verify the regulatory mechanism of GrlR expression, a chromosomal epitope-tagged allele of grlR (grlR-FLAG) was constructed. GrlR-FLAG expression was increased significantly in the clpXP deletion mutant, suggesting that the GrlR level is under the control of ClpXP, and this regulation is critical for the ClpXP-dependent expression of LEE in EHEC. Deletion of rpoS, the gene encoding a stationary-phase-inducing sigma factor that is a substrate for ClpXP protease, partially restored LEE expression in the clpXP mutant. A multicopy plasmid carrying rpoS strongly repressed expression of Esp proteins, suggesting that positive regulation by ClpXP is partially mediated through a negative effect of RpoS on LEE expression. We also found that rpoS deletion induces transcription of pchA, which encodes one of the positive regulators for LEE expression in EHEC. These results suggest that ClpXP controls expression of LEE through the regulation of RpoS and GrlR levels in EHEC.
Prospects of high energy ultrashort pulse generation with frequency shifted feedback fiber oscillators

The pulse energies available directly from passively mode-locked Ytterbium-doped fiber oscillators have been significantly increased during the past few years. Cavity designs with large net group velocity dispersion (GVD) have been favoured to avoid the formation of solitons which may limit the pulse energy. Recently, pulse energies above 20 nJ have been reached with all-normal dispersion (ANDi) fiber lasers. The mode-locking in these lasers is based on the spectral filtering of a highly chirped pulse in the cavity and dechirped pulse durations in the order of 100 fs have been reported [1].
Immune-modulatory effects of dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall in broiler chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

Abstract 1. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall (YCW) supplemented in diets of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 2. One-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 24 cages (6 replicate cages; 8 birds/cage) and were inoculated with 0 or 1 mg/kg body weight E. coli-LPS (d 4 and 9) and 0 or 500 mg YCW/kg feed, resulting in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Experimental diets did not include coccidiostats, in-feed antibiotics or enzymes. 3. On d 21, the inoculation of E. coli-LPS reduced weight gain and feed intake and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR) of birds, an effect maintained until 28 d. In contrast, chickens given diets with YCW improved the FCR at both 21 and 28 d of age. 4. E. coli-LPS challenge reduced the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, except when chickens were given YCW, which resulted in an interaction. Supplementation of broiler diets with YCW exacerbated the cellular immune response as measured by the delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity response test. 5. The results of this study suggested a benefit on feed efficiency when YCW was added to diets fed to broiler chickens challenged with E. coli-LPS. Part of the mode of action of YCW might be related to better maintenance of immune status in response to microbial challenge.
Conceptions of Work and the Materiality of the Classroom

Infrastructure studies have focused attention on invisible work as a topic of concern for system design, pointing to the ways important roles may be lost if they are not recognized. This paper extends this engagement with invisible work by describing how conceptions of work in the classroom are influenced by material configurations. Based on ethnographic observations and a design intervention, I consider tensions between this invisible work and a group’s shared competence, arguing that altering material configurations can reveal invisible work and challenge existing conceptions and values. In the context of the collaborative work of the classroom this can result in the surfacing of individual perspectives that must be negotiated.
A Planar Dual-Band Periodic Leaky-Wave Antenna Based on a Mu-Negative (MNG) Transmission Line

In this study, a planar periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) that provides a dual-band full-space scanning property is presented. The LWA is based on a mu-negative (MNG) transmission line that offers a nonlinear dispersion characteristic with a very simple structure. The dualband beam scanning property is achieved by utilizing the n = -1 and n = -2 space harmonics to overcome the limitation of the MNG line that provides forward scanning only in then = 0 space harmonic. Microstrip bends are introduced to achieve proper matching and thereby suppress the open stopband effect at both broadside radiation frequencies, to avoid interference between two space harmonics, and to ensure efficient radiation. The proposed design method is validated by good agreement between the simulated and experimental results for the dual-band LWA that is designed to provide full-space scanning with the first and second broadside radiation frequencies at 4.3 and 8 GHz. The demonstrated total scan angle range of 279° is the widest range reported for the dual-band LWA.
Three-Dimensional Stereo Reconstruction and Sensor Registration with Application to the Development of a Multi-Sensor Database

Abstract : This report discusses efforts undertaken at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL), which support research in robotic perception. The efforts include collaborative work with the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop a multi-sensor (laser radar LADAR, navigation and stereoscopic video (stereo) database with ground truth for use by the robotics research community. ARL's efforts are focused on stereo. The report documents procedures for determining the transformations between the cameras of the stereo system and the transformations between the camera system and other sensor, vehicle, and world coordinate systems. Results indicate that the measured stereo and ladar data are susceptible to large errors that affect the accuracy of the calculated transformations.
Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mini Review.

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder currently affecting over 350 million people worldwide. Also, another one billion people in the world are pre-diabetic, who may eventually end up with full- blown diabetes. It costs around 1,200 billion USD to diagnose, treat and care for both type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) patients globally. The disorder is rapidly increasing out of proportion in both developed and developing countries, especially T2DM, which is associated with modern lifestyle habits such as reduced physical activity, diet, obesity and genetic factors. If left untreated, DM can lead to a number of diseases and long-term complications leading subsequently to death. Areas Covered: In this mini review, we aim to highlight a number of complications, cascades or pathways (polyol, hexosamine, protein kinase C, advanced glycation-end product) of events and cellular, sub-cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with DM-induced hyperglycaemia (HG). CONCLUSION Chronic complications of DM are caused largely by HG-induced cellular and molecular impairment of neural and vascular structure and function. HG-induced oxidative stress is a major contributor in the development of long-term complications of DM. DM-induced neuropathy and angiopathy, in turn, may lead to the dysfunction of cells, tissues and organ systems.
Frequency of Human Rhinovirus Species in Outpatient Children With Acute Respiratory Infections at Primary Care Level in Brazil

This study assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (HRV) species in outpatient children attending day-care in Sao Paulo, Brazil. HRV reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and amplicon sequencing were done in 120 samples collected in 2008. HRV was detected in 27.5% of samples. HRV C was detected in 60.7% of wheezers, a frequency not different from that observed in nonwheezers (69.6%).
Calcium entry and myogenic phenomena in skeletal muscle arterioles.

Studies were conducted to examine Ca2+ entry in several vasomotor situations related to myogenic properties of arterioles (basal tone, vasomotion, and responsiveness to alterations in intravascular pressure). In vivo studies were performed on small cremaster muscle arterioles of anesthetized rats. Intravascular pressure was increased using the pressure-box technique. Voltage-operated Ca2+ channel (VOC) activity was inhibited by nifedipine or methoxyverapamil and was stimulated with BAY K 8644. To examine the effect of hyperpolarization, studies were performed in the presence of pinacidil. Nifedipine and methoxyverapamil exhibited a trend toward dose-dependent dilation; however, neither agent caused dilation comparable to adenosine (10(-4) M). BAY K 8644 produced a biphasic effect, constriction below 10(-8) M, and dilation at higher levels. These data indicate that basal tone can be modulated by agents acting on VOCs; however, as high concentrations of nifedipine do not abolish tone, other mechanisms contribute. At similar concentrations, the Ca2+ channel antagonist significantly inhibited vasomotion, abolishing vasomotion at concentrations above 5 x 10(-6) M. In contrast, BAY K 8644 caused a dose-dependent increase in vasomotion amplitude (e.g., 269 +/- 52% of basal at 10(-7) M). Thus vasomotion appears highly dependent on VOCs. Experiments performed in the presence of the antagonists/agonists indicated that VOCs are not the prime determinant of constrictor responses to acute increases in intravascular pressure. Exposure to pinacidil resulted in dose-dependent vasodilatation and inhibition of vasomotion while showing little effect on acute myogenic responses. Similar effects of pinacidil were observed in isolated, cannulated, cremaster arterioles. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Examination of Teacher Working Conditions in Alabama Middle Schools

ii Acknowledgements . iii List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Chapter One. Introduction . 1 Background of Study . 1 The North Carolina Teacher Working Conditions Initiative . 5 The Alabama Take 20 Teacher Working and Learning Conditions Survey . 5 Purpose of the Study . 6 Research Questions . 6 Significance of the Study . 7 Assumptions of the Study . 7 Limitations . 7 Definitions . 8 Chapter Two. Review of the Literature . 10 Introduction . 10 No Child Left Behind . 14 Adequate Yearly Progress. 16
Best Practices for Machine Learning Applications

Building representative machine learning models that generalize well on future data requires careful consideration both of the data at hand and of assumptions about the various available training algorithms. Data are rarely in an ideal form that enables algorithms to train effectively. Some algorithms are designed to account for important considerations such as variable selection and handling of missing values, whereas other algorithms require additional preprocessing of the data or appropriate tweaking of the algorithm options. Ultimate evaluation of a model’s quality requires appropriate selection and interpretation of an assessment criterion that is meaningful for the given problem. This paper discusses many of the most common issues faced by machine learning practitioners and provides guidance for using these powerful algorithms to build effective models.
A Fast Fixed-Frequency Adaptive-On-Time Boost Converter With Light Load Efficiency Enhancement and Predictable Noise Spectrum

An integrated fixed-frequency adaptive-on-time (AOT) DC-DC converter with fast transient response and enhanced high light-load efficiency is presented. At both Continuous-Conduction-Mode (CCM) and Discontinuous-Conduction-Mode (DCM) operation, the on-time is adaptively controlled by a frequency locked loop so that the switching frequency tracks the reference frequency with less than ±0.5% error in the whole operating range. At CCM operation, the reference frequency is fixed at 1 MHz. At light load with DCM operation, the reference frequency hops between 1 MHz and 1 MHz/N where N = 2 i and i = 1 to 5 according to the loads without load current sensor. Frequency hopping is introduced to boost the efficiency as well as reduce the EMI noise problem. A glitch-free on-time control circuit is introduced to increase the track accuracy and speed of the frequency locked loop. A mode decision circuit with digital hysteretic window is used to ensure a smooth transition between CCM and DCM operation. An on-time generator with proper logics is used to suppress frequency bouncing during frequency hopping. A prototype with 1.8 V-3.2 V input voltage, 3.0 V-4.2 V output voltage and 0 mA-800 mA load current range has been fabricated in a 0.35 μm 2P4M CMOS process. Load transient measurements verify that 8 μs-20 μs recovery time is achieved for load current increase. Measurement results also show a maximum efficiency of 94.8% is achieved at total output power of 3.269 W, and the light load efficiency is enhanced by the proposed frequency hopping technique with a predictable noise spectrum.
Multi-view video codec with fractal coding

The original data of one view video is huge and that of multi-view video is much more. So, data compression is important for multi-views, and data compression is a key technology for multi-views. In this paper, we explore an efficient fractal video codec with multi-views. From the experimental results with the proposed method and other state of the art methods, we can conclude that the proposed algorithm for multi-view coding is robust, and provides less encoding time and high compression ratio while maintaining good compression quality.
Signal Processing in Acoustics : Paper 608 Effects of acoustic degradations on cover song recognition

Cover song identification systems deal with the problem of identifying different versions of an audio query in a reference database. Such systems involve the computation of pairwise similarity scores between a query and all the tracks of a database. The usual way of evaluating such systems is to use a set of audio queries, extract features from them, and compare them to other tracks in the database to report diverse statistics. Databases in such research are usually designed in a controlled environment, with relatively clean audio signals. However, in real life conditions, audio signals can be seriously modified due to acoustic degradations. For example, depending on the context, audio can be modified by room reverberation, or by added hands clapping noise in a live concert, etc. In this paper, we study how environmental audio degradations affect the performance of several state-of-the-art cover song identification systems. In particular, we study how reverberation, ambient noise and distortion affect the performance of the systems. We further investigate the effect of recording or playing music through a smartphone for music recognition. To achieve this, we use an audio degradation toolbox to degrade the set of queries to be evaluated. We propose a comparison of the performance achieved with cover song identification systems based on several harmonic and timbre features under ideal and noisy conditions. We demonstrate that the performance depends strongly on the degradation method applied to the source, and we quantify the performance using multiple statistics.
Dynamics of a chain of optically coupled micro droplets

We study a chain of fluid droplets excited by two incoherent laser beams. Such structured object is merely an array of spherical lenses, that can guide a TEMpq optical mode. Taking into account the optical forces exerted by two counterpropagating beams, we show that the droplets can be trapped and the chain auto-organizes in the optical potential. The model takes into account the possible coalescence of several droplets, and shows that the droplet size can increase before they become trapped at stable postitions. For some input beam parameters (beam waist size and position), we have observed dynamic trapping : the droplets experience collective oscillation. Meanwhile, the beam shape evolves periodically in time.
The entrepreneurial role within a global firm operating in a niche market

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the significance of entrepreneurial role from the perspective of a global, family-owned firm located in Uruguay and operating in a niche market. Design/methodology/approach This case study adopts role theory as its theoretical framework. Face-to-face, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with the firm’s ownership/management. The data were analysed using content analysis. Findings During the interviews, the importance of entrepreneurs’ role was highlighted in various ways. For instance, role emerged in the form of re-developing a business vision, executing strategies and ideas, anticipating events, innovating and internationalising. Together, these key elements helped build entrepreneurial resilience in light of emerging issues. An alignment with various perspectives of role theory, including “functional”, “symbolic interactionist” and “structural” was identified. Practical implications The role of the succeeding generation of the firm’s ownership not only is fundamental in reinforcing an entrepreneurial path established by the firm’s founder but also is critical in building upon the earlier foundation, continue innovating and adapting to contemporary challenges in a very dynamic business environment. Originality/value The present study makes an original contribution, by examining the significance of entrepreneurial role through the lens of role theory. In this context, the case of a medium-sized, global Latin American family business is investigated.
Binaural Beats through the Auditory Pathway: From Brainstem to Connectivity Patterns

Visual Abstract Binaural beating is a perceptual auditory illusion occurring when presenting two neighboring frequencies to each ear separately. Several controversial claims have been attributed to binaural beats regarding their ability to entrain human brain activity and mood, in both the scientific literature and the marketing realm. Here, we sought to address those questions in a robust fashion using a single-blind, active-controlled protocol. To do so, we compared the effects of binaural beats with a control beat stimulation (monaural beats, known to entrain brain activity but not mood) across four distinct levels in the human auditory pathway: subcortical and cortical entrainment, scalp-level functional connectivity and self-reports. Both stimuli elicited standard subcortical responses at the pure tone frequencies of the stimulus [i.e., frequency following response (FFR)], and entrained the cortex at the beat frequency [i.e., auditory steady state response (ASSR)]. Furthermore, functional connectivity patterns were modulated differentially by both kinds of stimuli, with binaural beats being the only one eliciting cross-frequency activity. Despite this, we did not find any mood modulation related to our experimental manipulation. Our results provide evidence that binaural beats elicit cross frequency connectivity patterns, but weakly entrain the cortex when compared with monaural beat stimuli. Whether binaural beats have an impact on cognitive performance or other mood measurements remains to be seen and can be further investigated within the proposed methodological framework.