Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analytic variability in the enumeration of neutrophil subpopulations in canine blood

BACKGROUND Conventional differential leukocyte counts do not enumerate hyposegmented neutrophils (Hypo-PMN), ie, immature neutrophils that already lost the band morphology but are not yet completely segmented. They may be early indicators of acute inflammation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to evaluate the analytic variability of counts of segmented neutrophils (Seg-PMN), band neutrophils (Band), hyposegmented neutrophils (Hypo-PMN), non-Bands (Hypo-PMN + Seg-PMN), and Young-PMN (Bands + Hypo-PMN) assess if Hypo- or Young-PMN identify inflammation better than Bands. METHODS Neutrophil subpopulations were counted by 2 observers on 2 sets of 100 cells in 267 blood smears from dogs with changes potentially consistent with inflammation to calculate the intra- and inter-observer variability. RESULTS Median intra-observer CVs were < 5.0% for Seg-PMN and non-Bands, and 20.0% and 28.0% for Hypo-PMN and Young-PMN for observer 1 and 2, respectively; median inter-observer CVs for Seg-PMN, non-Bands, Hypo-PMN, and Young-PMN were 4.6%, 5.0%, 60.0%, and 47.1%, respectively. Median CV of Band counts in blood smears with bands was 141%. CONCLUSIONS The analytic variability of Hypo- and Young-PMN is lower than that of Bands. This retrospective study did not allow us to investigate the diagnostic potential or the clinical relevance of these cells. However, the low inter- and intra-observer variabilities with these cell populations suggest that the count of Hypo- or Young-PMN may better identify acute inflammation than the count of Bands.
Cell‐mediated immunity to neural antigens in idiopathic polyneuritis and myeloradiculitis

Patients with peripheral nervous system disorders were tested for the presence of cellular hypersensitivity to peripheral and central nervous system antigens by means of the in vitro lymphocyte transformation technique. Lymphocytes sensitized to the neuritogenic peripheral nervous system P1L basic protein were found in pure polyradiculitis of the Guillain-Barré syndrome type. Lymphocytes from patients with myeloradiculitis underwent transformation by peripheral P2 basic protein and by central nervous system basic encephalitogenic protein. In cases of chronic relapsing polyneuropathy response was shown to the central nervous system basic encephalitogen and to both of the peripheral nerve basic proteins. Lymphocytes from patients with other neurologic conditions showed no response to any of these antigens. These findings suggest that cell mediated immunity to specific basic proteins of the myelin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the above-mentioned demyelinating disorders and may lead to a new approach in their classification and diagnosis.
Improving intrusion detection systems using data mining techniques

Recent surveys and studies have shown that cyber-attacks have caused a lot of damage to organisations, governments, and individuals around the world. Although developments are constantly occurring in the computer security field, cyber-attacks still cause damage as they are developed and evolved by hackers. This research looked at some industrial challenges in the intrusion detection area. The research identified two main challenges; the first one is that signature-based intrusion detection systems such as SNORT lack the capability of detecting attacks with new signatures without human intervention. The other challenge is related to multi-stage attack detection, it has been found that signature-based is not efficient in this area. The novelty in this research is presented through developing methodologies tackling the mentioned challenges. The first challenge was handled by developing a multi-layer classification methodology. The first layer is based on decision tree, while the second layer is a hybrid module that uses two data mining techniques; neural network, and fuzzy logic. The second layer will try to detect new attacks in case the first one fails to detect. This system detects attacks with new signatures, and then updates the SNORT signature holder automatically, without any human intervention. The obtained results have shown that a high detection rate has been obtained with attacks having new signatures. However, it has been found that the false positive rate needs to be lowered. The second challenge was approached by evaluating IP information using fuzzy logic. This approach looks at the identity of participants in the traffic, rather than the sequence and contents of the traffic. The results have shown that this approach can help in predicting attacks at very early stages in some scenarios. However, it has been found that combining this approach with a different approach that looks at the sequence and contents of the traffic, such as event- correlation, will achieve a better performance than each approach individually.
Projekt EDUCARE: Skalendokumentation zur Lehrkräftebefragung an Grundschulen

Die in diesem Dokument aufgefuhrten Skalen dienen der Erfassung der bildungsbezogenen Vorstellungen und Praktiken von Lehrkraften an Grundschulen. Die Skalen wurden im Projekt EDUCARE teils neu entwickelt, teils in Anlehnung an bestehende Instrumente konstruiert und ggf. an die Perspektive von Lehrkraften angepasst. Alle Items wurden mittels eines mehrstufigen Antwortformats erfasst. Ihr Einsatz erfolgte in einer vom Projektteam durchgefuhrten Datenerhebung mittels Fragebogen. Die Skalenkonstruktion fand auf Basis der erhobenen Primardaten statt und orientierte sich an den Prinzipien der klassischen Testtheorie. Zu jedem Konstrukt werden deskriptive Kennwerte auf Item- und Skalenebene berichtet. Zur Beurteilung der Gute der Instrumente werden zwei Reliabilitatsmase sowie die Trennscharfen der Items angegeben. Bei der Auswahl und Konzeption der gemessenen Konstrukte waren habitus- und milieutheoretische sowie kindheitstheoretische Annahmen leitend. Im Projekt ging es darum, ein moglichst breites Bild der im Habitus von Lehrkraften verankerten Vorstellungen, Ziele und Sollensvorstellungen in Bezug auf Betreuung, Bildung, Erziehung und Forderung zu erhalten. Zudem wurde die Praxis der Akteure in diesen Handlungsbereichen untersucht, um Ruckschlusse auf eine milieuspezifische Pragung der padagogischen Arbeit von Lehrkraften ziehen zu konnen. Gerade mit Blick auf gegenwartige, politisch dominante Leitbilder hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung von Kindheit war es von Interesse, inwieweit Lehrkrafte diese Leitbilder teilen oder ihnen ablehnend gegenuberstehen. … Die Skalendokumentation ist wie folgt aufgebaut: Im Anschluss an (I.) eine einfuhrende Darstellung des Forschungsprojekts werden (II.) das Vorgehen bei der Datenerhebung und die bei der Skalenkonstruktion verwendete Stichprobe beschrieben. Die zur Analyse der Items und zur Konstruktion der Skalen verwendeten Verfahren werden (III.) im nachfolgenden Abschnitt dargestellt. Der Hauptteil des Dokuments ist (IV.) eine thematisch geordnete Zusammenstellung der im Projekt eingesetzten Skalen. Damit wird zugleich ein Einblick in die deskriptiven Ergebnisse der Lehrkraftebefragung an Grundschulen gegeben. (DIPF/Orig.)
Auditory and cognitive development in a partially deaf child with bilateral electro-acoustic stimulation: a case study

Abstract Objective: To study the long-term evolution of speech and intelligence in a child with partial deafness and normal hearing in the low frequencies after sequentially receiving cochlear implants in both ears. Design: Retrospective chart review. Study sample: Male child aged 6 years was followed over a time period of four years. Results: The paediatric patient had normal hearing up to 1 kHz and profound hearing loss at all higher frequencies symmetrical in both ears. Deprivation of high-frequency sounds resulted in retarded development of speech, language and cognitive skills. The choice for rehabilitation was cochlear implantation with the aim of preserving a considerable amount of low-frequency hearing. With natural hearing at low frequencies and electrical stimulation at high frequencies, the child was able to compensate most of his developmental deficits. Moreover, spatial hearing was almost normal. Conclusions: Electro-natural stimulation without amplification of the low frequencies (electro-natural hearing) provides access to the whole audible frequency range for children, who suffer from partial deafness in the high frequencies and are normal hearing at low frequencies. Such provision allows for regular speech development and favours the development of spatial hearing. The case report also demonstrates a strong impact on intellectual performance.
Frustration in periodic systems : exact results for some 2D Ising models

We present exact results for various frustrated Ising models in two dimensions with periodic interactions. None of them gives rise to what could be regarded as spin glass order. The only long range orders encountered are of ferro- or antiferromagnetic type but the effect of frustration manifests itself at low temperature (entropy, susceptibilities). The analysis of these results provides some indications concerning a necessary condition for ordering in such systems and the possible nature of the spin glass order.
Promoting an occupational perspective in public health

Background Although the value of occupation for health and well-being is fundamental to the occupational therapy profession, this view is not well recognized in the field of public health. Purpose In this article, we argue that occupational therapists have a unique and valuable perspective to bring to the field of public health, particularly with respect to the importance of occupational engagement in promoting the health and well-being of Canadians. Key Issues There are many compelling reasons for public health advocacy, including the need to increase awareness of the health benefits and risks of occupational engagement for individuals and communities. Challenges that lie ahead, however, include issues related to terminology, the complexity of occupation, the need to consider multidimensional outcomes, and diversity of evidence. Implications To move forward, the profession of occupational therapy in Canada needs to position health promotion messaging in a way that clearly captures the complexity and value of occupation and resonates with Canadians of all ages and abilities. Description Bien que la valeur de l’occupation pour la santé et le bien-être soit inhérente à la profession de l’ergothérapie, cette vision n’est pas bien reconnue dans le domaine de la santé publique. But Dans cet article, les auteurs défendent l’argument selon lequel les ergothérapeutes peuvent mettre à contribution une perspective unique et judicieuse dans le domaine de la santé publique, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’importance de la participation occupationnelle pour favoriser la santé et le bien-être des Canadiens. Questions clés De nombreuses raisons impérieuses peuvent justifier la promotion de la santé publique, notamment le besoin de sensibiliser davantage les différents intervenants aux avantages et aux risques associés à la participation occupationnelle pour la santé des individus et des collectivités. Toutefois, il reste de nombreux défis à relever, notamment les enjeux associés à la terminologie, la complexité de l’occupation, le besoin de considérer les résultats multidimensionnels et la diversité des données probantes. Conséquences Pour aller de l’avant, la profession de l’ergothérapie au Canada doit transmettre des messages sur la promotion de la santé qui expliquent clairement la complexité et la valeur de l’occupation et qui interpellent tous les Canadiens, quels que soient leur âge et leurs capacités.
Accuracy of cone beam computed tomography for periodontal defect measurements.

BACKGROUND Periodontal diagnosis relies heavily on traditional two-dimensional radiographic assessment. Despite efforts in improving reliability, current methods of detecting bone level changes over time or determining three-dimensional architecture of osseous defects are inadequate. To address these issues, computed tomography (CT) has been explored because of its ability to produce accurate three-dimensional imaging, but limitations such as radiation, machine size, and cost have made this approach impractical. Recently, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has turned this concept into potential reality because these lower-cost small machines produce high-quality data. Yet there is little research to establish periodontal bone measurement using CBCT as a valid method. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare CBCT measurements of periodontal defects to traditional methods. METHODS Artificial osseous defects were created on mandibles of dry skulls. CBCT scanning, periapical radiography (PA), and direct measurements using a periodontal probe were compared to an electronic caliper that was used as a standard reference. RESULTS Linear measurements for all defects revealed no statistical differences between bone sounding, radiography, and CBCT. There was a significant difference when comparing isolated interproximal measurements using a probe versus the caliper (P<0.001) but no significant difference for CBCT or radiography. All bony defects were identifiable and measurable directly or with CBCT. In comparison, buccal and lingual defects could not be measured with radiographs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, all three modalities are useful for identifying interproximal periodontal defects. Compared to radiographs, the three-dimensional capability of CBCT offers a significant advantage because all defects can be detected and quantified.
Comparative stress analyses of fixed free-end osseointegrated prostheses using the finite element method.

We investigated the designs of osseointegrated prostheses in cases of free-end partial edentulism using comparative stress analyses interpreted with the two-dimensional finite element method. Seven free-end fixed osseointegrated prosthesis models with various connection designs (i.e., rigidly connected to an abutment tooth, not connected to an abutment tooth, connected to an abutment tooth with a non-rigid attachment) were studied. The stress values of the seven models loaded with vertical force were analyzed. When the prosthesis was not connected to natural abutment tooth but was supported instead by two free-standing implant abutments, lowest levels of stress in bone were noted. On the other hand, non-rigid attachments, when incorporated into a prosthesis, did not significantly reduce the level of stress in bone.
An ECG Compressed Sensing Method of Low Power Body Area Network

Aimed at low power problem in body area network, an ECG compressed sensing method of low power body area network based on the compressed sensing theory was proposed. Random binary matrices were used as the sensing matrix to measure ECG signals on the sensor nodes. After measured value is transmitted to remote monitoring center, ECG signal sparse representation under the discrete cosine transform and block sparse Bayesian learning reconstruction algorithm is used to reconstruct the ECG signals. The simulation results show that the 30% of overall signal can get reconstruction signal which’s SNR is more than 60dB, each numbers in each rank of sensing matrix can be controlled below 5, which reduces the power of sensor node sampling, calculation and transmission. The method has the advantages of low power, high accuracy of signal reconstruction and easy to hardware implementation. DOI : http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1. 3995
Signal-to-noise ratio measurements and statistical characterization in Gen2 RFID

In this paper, we present measurements of the optimum signal-to-noise ratio distribution recorded by RFID reader based on software radio. The measurements are conducted in an indoor environment while maintaining an RFID setup that does not deteriorate the tag responsiveness. The analysis shows that, although non-linear in nature, the RFID system signal-to-noise can be characterized through the scale parameter of lognormal distribution, independent of the transmitting power and propagation environment. This approach can be exploited, for example, to analyze the capture effect in real environments, as well as an input to a localization technique.
A simulation based study of on-demand routing protocols for ad hoc wireless networks

Ad hoc networks are wireless, mobile networks that can be set up anywhere and anytime without the aid of any established infrastructure or centralized administration. Because of the limited range of each host's wireless transmission, to communicate with hosts outside its transmission range, a host needs to enlist the aid of its nearby hosts in forwarding packets to the destination. However, since there is no stationary infrastructure such as base stations, each host has to act as a router for itself. A routing protocol for ad hoc networks is executed on every host and is therefore subject to the limit of the resources at each mobile host. A good routing protocol should minimize the computing load on the host as well as the traffic overhead on the network. Therefore, a number of routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc wireless networks. We focus upon on-demand schemes. We study and compare the performance of the following three routing protocols AODV, CBRP and DSR. A variety of workload and scenarios, as characterized by mobility, load and size of the ad hoc network were simulated. Our results indicate that despite its improvement in reducing route request packets, CBRP has a higher overhead than DSR because of its periodic hello messages while AODV's end-to-end packet delay is the shortest when compared to DSR and CBRP.
User Participation and Honesty in Online Rating Systems: What a Social Network Can Do

An important problem with online communities in general, and online rating systems in particular, is uncooperative behavior: lack of user participation, dishonest contributions. This may be due to an incentive structure akin to a Prisoners' Dilemma (PD). We show that introducing an explicit social network to PD games fosters cooperative behavior, and use this insight to design a new aggregation technique for online rating systems. Using a dataset of ratings from Yelp, we show that our aggregation technique outperforms Yelp's proprietary filter, as well as baseline techniques from recommender systems.
Commentary: The Race Is On To Shorten the Turnaround Time for Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis

ABSTRACT To realize the most benefit from multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) screening, all nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-positive respiratory specimens should be universally tested. Once an MDR-TB diagnosis is established, additional testing is warranted to provide details about the detected mutations. The lab-on-chip technology described by A. M. Cabibbe et al. (J Clin Microbiol 53:3876–3880, 2015, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01824-15) potentially provides this much needed information.
Label-free pathogen detection with sensor chips assembled from Peptide nanotubes.

A robust viral sensor was developed by bridging a pair of gold electrodes with antibody-coated peptide nanotubes. The nanotubes concentrated the target virus on their surface by molecular recognition between the antibody and the virus (see picture). The nanotubes fit perfectly within the electric field line distribution to enable the extremely sensitive impedimetric detection of viral particles.
Additional Evidence for Cannibalism in the Southwest: The Case of LA 4528

About A.D. 950, 11 persons of a small Anasazi settlement on Burnt Mesa north of the San Juan River, New Mexico, were butchered, mutilated and possibly roasted. The group's mixed remains were left strewn over a pithouse floor. Nearly all the bones were smashed and splintered. Some of them were burned, some show cut marks, and all exhibit greenstick breaks. Cannibalism is the most reasonable explanation for the patterned destruction. Starvation or necessity, rather than ritual or religious configuration, seem to best explain why the cannibalism occurred.
The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential

Background The Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR) is one of the world’s oldest nationwide hospital registries and is used extensively for research. Many studies have validated algorithms for identifying health events in the DNPR, but the reports are fragmented and no overview exists. Objectives To review the content, data quality, and research potential of the DNPR. Methods We examined the setting, history, aims, content, and classification systems of the DNPR. We searched PubMed and the Danish Medical Journal to create a bibliography of validation studies. We included also studies that were referenced in retrieved papers or known to us beforehand. Methodological considerations related to DNPR data were reviewed. Results During 1977–2012, the DNPR registered 8,085,603 persons, accounting for 7,268,857 inpatient, 5,953,405 outpatient, and 5,097,300 emergency department contacts. The DNPR provides nationwide longitudinal registration of detailed administrative and clinical data. It has recorded information on all patients discharged from Danish nonpsychiatric hospitals since 1977 and on psychiatric inpatients and emergency department and outpatient specialty clinic contacts since 1995. For each patient contact, one primary and optional secondary diagnoses are recorded according to the International Classification of Diseases. The DNPR provides a data source to identify diseases, examinations, certain in-hospital medical treatments, and surgical procedures. Long-term temporal trends in hospitalization and treatment rates can be studied. The positive predictive values of diseases and treatments vary widely (<15%–100%). The DNPR data are linkable at the patient level with data from other Danish administrative registries, clinical registries, randomized controlled trials, population surveys, and epidemiologic field studies – enabling researchers to reconstruct individual life and health trajectories for an entire population. Conclusion The DNPR is a valuable tool for epidemiological research. However, both its strengths and limitations must be considered when interpreting research results, and continuous validation of its clinical data is essential.
Can we screen for problematic back pain? A screening questionnaire for predicting outcome in acute and subacute back pain.

OBJECTIVES Because musculoskeletal pain is the second most frequent reason for seeking health care, the aims of this study were to determine the value of psychosocial variables in evaluating risk for developing chronic back pain problems and to develop a screening methodology to identify patients likely to have a poor prognosis. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was conducted on consecutive patients with acute or subacute back pain, in which patients completed a screening questionnaire and were then followed up for 6 months to determine outcome. The primary outcome variable was accumulated sick leave. METHODS One hundred forty-two consecutive patients were asked to complete a questionnaire designed for this study. This questionnaire contained 24 items concerning psychosocial aspects of the problem. Six months later, patients were contacted to complete outcome questions about accumulated sick leave. RESULTS A total of 97% of the patients completed both questionnaires. Although patients, on average, improved greatly, 18% had 1-30 days and 20% had fewer than 30 days of sick leave during the follow-up period. Five variables were found to be the strongest predictors of sick leave outcome (fear-avoidance work beliefs, perceived improvement, problems with work function, stress, and previous sick leave), correctly classifying 73% of the patients as opposed to a chance rate of 33%. A total score was evaluated as a means of judging risk and found to be strongly related to outcome. CONCLUSION Potent psychosocial risk factors associated with future sick absenteeism were identified. Because the total score was related to outcome, the instrument may have use in screening patients with acute or subacute spinal pain in clinical situations.