Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and unlearning to autonomously switch between the functions of a myoelectric arm

Powered prosthetic arms with numerous controllable degrees of freedom (DOFs) can be challenging to operate. A common control method for powered prosthetic arms, and other human-machine interfaces, involves switching through a static list of DOFs. However, switching between controllable functions often entails significant time and cognitive effort on the part of the user when performing tasks. One way to decrease the number of switching interactions required of a user is to shift greater autonomy to the prosthetic device, thereby sharing the burden of control between the human and the machine. Our previous work with adaptive switching showed that it is possible to reduce the number of user-initiated switches in a given task by continually optimizing and changing the order in which DOFs are presented to the user during switching. In this paper, we combine adaptive switching with a new machine learning control method, termed autonomous switching, to further decrease the number of manual switching interactions required of a user. Autonomous switching uses predictions, learned in real time through the use of general value functions, to switch automatically between DOFs for the user. We collected results from a subject performing a simple manipulation task with a myoelectric robot arm. As a first contribution of this paper, we describe our autonomous switching approach and demonstrate that it is able to both learn and subsequently unlearn to switch autonomously during ongoing use, a key requirement for maintaining human-centered shared control. As a second contribution, we show that autonomous switching decreases the time spent switching and number of user-initiated switches compared to conventional control. As a final contribution, we show that the addition of feedback to the user can significantly improve the performance of autonomous switching. This work promises to help improve other domains involving human-machine interaction - in particular, assistive or rehabilitative devices that require switching between different modes of operation such as exoskeletons and powered orthotics.
Impacts of radio frequency interference on human brain waves and neuro-psychological changes

This study investigates the neuro-psychological impacts of radio frequency interference (RFI) by correlating the brain waves under RFI exposure. In our experiments, twelve participants were tested under controlled RF exposure at 1.8 GHz in an anechoic chamber under one-blind condition. The electroencephalograph (EEG) were recorded for each 5-minute time trial before, during and after RF exposure with an intensity of 10% of the ICNIRP Guideline exposure limits. The psychological responses of the participants are inquired with psychometric scales before and after the experiment to analyze the correlationship between RFI and the emotional reaction of humans. Statistical tests indicate that theta and alpha waves were able to be characterized, and the significant differences were observed in both alpha waves and theta waves between the data before and after exposure from the consequence of paired t-tests. This initial study indicated that short term exposure to RFI may cause impacts on brain waves, but may not lead to any direct emotional changes by the participants.
Interactive lecturing: strategies for increasing participation in large group presentations

SUMMARY Interactive lecturing involves an increased interchange between teachers, students and the lecture content.The use of interactive lectures can promote active learning, heighten attention and motivation, give feedback to the teacher and the student, and increase satisfaction for both.This article describes a number of interactive techniques that can be used in large group presentations as well as general strategies that can promote interactivity during lectures. Have you ever given or attended an interactive lecture? What was it that made it interactive? What were your impressions of this method of teaching? Whereas much has been written about effective lecturing and presentation skills in medical education (Cox & Ewan, 1988; Laidlaw, 1988; Newble & Cannon, 1994), little has been written about the bene® ts and strategies of interactive lecturing for medical teachers.The goals of this article are to describe the advantages and indications for interactive lectures, to discuss common fears and concerns about using this method of teaching, to outline a number of interactive techniques that can be incorporated into medical teaching at all levels, and to highlight general guidelines for successful interaction and audience participation.
Romanized urdu Corpus development (RUCD) model: Edit-distance based most frequent unique unigram extraction approach using real-time interactive dataset

Urdu ranks very high among languages used for communication in the Sourthrn Asia. Even though with great following, it clearly lack computational support that is why it is written in Romanized Urdu script. Even though, a lot of Romanized Urdu data is available online but it still lacks a refined Corpus. In our research, we have proposed a refined Romanized urdu Corpus using tokens with the highest frequency of occurrence in the data set, which was collected from volunteer participants who used this language as a mode of communication interactively. The raw corpus is passed through a series of steps such as Prepossessing, Tokenization and Annotation before passing it to computationally extensive subsequent steps. "Edit Distance" and "K-means Clustering" techniques are used for identification of candidate tokens and their potential selection/ inclusion in the refined lexicon. We have also identified most commonly used tokens, candidate tokens and other lingual attributes from the data collected. Based on analysis, we have proposed a computational model for refined colloquial Romanized Urdu lexicon development.
Accurate Localization of the Integration Sites of Two Genomic Islands at Single-Nucleotide Resolution in the Genome of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987

We have identified two genomic islands, that is, BCEGI-1 and BCEGI-2, in the genome of Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, based on comparative analysis with Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. Furthermore, by using the cumulative GC profile and performing homology searches between the two genomes, the integration sites of the two genomic islands were determined at single-nucleotide resolution. BCEGI-1 is integrated between 159705 bp and 198000 bp, whereas BCEGI-2 is integrated between the end of ORF BCE4594 and the start of the intergenic sequence immediately following BCE4626, that is, from 4256803 bp to 4285534 bp. BCEGI-1 harbors two bacterial Tn7 transposons, which have two sets of genes encoding TnsA, B, C, and D. It is generally believed that unlike the TnsABC+E pathway, the TnsABC+D pathway would only promote vertical transmission to daughter cells. The evidence presented in this paper, however, suggests a role of the TnsABC+D pathway in the horizontal transfer of some genomic islands.
Interdisciplinary Environmental Leadership: Learning and Teaching Integrated Problem Solving

Introduction Interdisciplinary problem solving is designed to produce reliable and persuasive decision making that is supported by participants and by past experience, unlike conventional approaches, which can lead to weak problem solving, inability to mobilize supporters, and ineffective policy (e.g., Clark 2011). Effective interdisciplinary leadership skills include critical thinking and judgment that integrate diverse knowledge and experience so that decision-making processes are appropriately managed and technically creditable. They offer a mix of analysis, authority, leadership, understanding, and expertise (Chrislip and Larson 1994)—the kind of leadership and problem solving that is being called for and applied ever more widely (Brunner et al. 2005).
Three-dimensional simulations of the interstellar medium in dwarf galaxies ¿ II. Galactic winds

We study the hydrodynamical evolution of galactic winds in discy dwarf galaxies moving through an intergalactic medium (IGM). In agreement with previous investigations, we find that when the ram pressure stripping does not disrupt the interstellar medium (ISM), it usually has a negligible effect on the galactic wind dynamics. Only when the IGM ram pressure is comparable to the central ISM thermal pressure do the stripping and the superwind influence each other, increasing the gas removal rate. In this case, several parameters regulate the ISM ejection process, such as the original distribution of the ISM and the geometry of the IGM–galaxy interaction. When the ISM is not removed by the ram pressure or the wind, it loses memory of the starburst episode and recovers almost its pre-burst distribution in a time-scale of 50–200 Myr. After this time, another star formation episode becomes, in principle, possible. Evidently, galactic winds are consistent with the star formation history of recurrent bursts. Contrary to the ISM content, the amount of the metal-rich ejecta retained by the galaxy is more sensitive to the ram pressure action. Part of the ejecta is first trapped in a low-density, extraplanar gas produced by the IGM–ISM interaction, and then pushed back on to the galactic disc. The amount of trapped metals in a moving galaxy may be up to three times larger than in a galaxy at rest. This prediction may be tested by comparing metallicity of dwarf galaxies in nearby poor clusters or groups, such as Virgo or Fornax, with the field counterpart. The sensitivity of the metal entrapment efficiency on the geometry of the interaction may explain part of the observed scatter in the metallicity–luminosity relation for dwarf galaxies.
Cloning Credit Cards: A Combined Pre-play and Downgrade Attack on EMV Contactless

Recent roll-outs of contactless payment infrastructures-particularly in Austria and Germany - have raised concerns about the security of contactless payment cards and Near Field Communication (NFC). There are well-known attack scenarios like relay attacks and skimming of credit card numbers. However, banks and credit card schemes often mitigate these attacks. They explain that attacks are impractical (e.g. in a relay attack an attacker needs to have RF access to a victim's card while performing a payment transaction) or even impossible (e.g. skimmed data does not contain the dynamic authorization codes that are normally required to perform a payment transaction). This paper introduces an attack scenario on EMV contactless payment cards that permits an attacker to create functional clones of a card that contain the necessary credit card data as well as pre-played authorization codes. The card clones can then be used to perform a limited number of EMV Mag-Stripe transactions at any EMV contactless payment terminal.
Multi-Constrained Routing Based on Tabu Search

The development of efficient quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms in a high-speed network environment is a very difficult task due to the need to provide divergent services with multiple QoS requirements.In this paper, we propose TS-MCOP, a novel heuristic algorithm, by applying tabu search to Dijkstra's algorithm.The heuristic first translates multiple QoS weights into a single metric and then seeks to find a feasible path by Tabu search.Simulation results show our algorithm has features of well performance of success ratio and cost optimization.
Genetic alterations in primary breast cancers and their metastases: Direct comparison using modified comparative genomic hybridization

Breast tumor development and progression are thought to be driven by an accumulation of genetic alterations, but little is known about the specific changes that occur during the metastatic process. We analyzed pairs of primary breast cancers and their matched lymph node metastases from 11 patients, pairs of primaries and distant metastases from three patients, and pairs of primaries, and local recurrences from two patients by using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Simultaneous hybridization analysis of primary versus matched lesion DNAs from 11 patients was also performed (modified CGH). This modified approach was useful not only for confirming CGH results but also for demonstrating quantitative differences between aberrations present at both sites. Frequent chromosomal changes present at both sites (>35% of 16 cases) were 1q, 8q, and 17q gains and 6q, 8p, 9q, 13q, 16q, 17p, and Xp losses. The total number of aberrations detected exclusively in the lymph nodes or distant metastases was higher than that in the primary tumors (2.5 vs. 0.7, P< 0.05). We found high‐level amplifications in four metastases (two lymph nodes and two distant metastases), but none in any primary tumor. These findings suggest that progression from primary breast cancer to metastasis may be associated with the acquisition of further genetic changes. Although further investigations are required, it was of interest that 3 of 11 patients (27%) showed 18q loss solely in their lymph node metastases. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 19:267–272, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Prognostic Value of Plasma Soluble ST2 in Hospitalized Chinese Patients with Heart Failure

Background sST2 has been shown to be a risk predictor in heart failure (HF). Our aim was to explore the characteristics and prognostic value of soluble ST2 (sST2) in hospitalized Chinese patients with HF. Methods and Results We consecutively enrolled 1528 hospitalized patients with HF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to assess the prognostic values of sST2. Adverse events were defined as all-cause death and cardiac transplantation. During a median follow-up of 19.1 months, 325 patients experienced adverse events. Compared with patients free of events, sST2 concentrations were significantly higher in patients with events (P<0.001). Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses showed sST2 concentrations were significantly associated with adverse events (per 1 log unit, adjusted hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval: 1.30 to 1.78, P<0.001). An sST2 concentration in the highest quartiles (>55.6 ng/mL) independently predicted events in comparison to the lowest quartile (≤25.2 ng/mL) when adjusted by multivariable model. In ROC analysis, the area under the curve for sST2 was not different from that for NT-proBNP in short and longer term. Over time, sST2 also improved discrimination and reclassification of risk beyond NT-proBNP. Conclusions sST2 is a strong independent risk predictor in Chinese patients hospitalized with HF and can significantly provide additional prognostic value to NT-proBNP in risk prediction.
Geometric structures in tensor representations

In this paper we introduce a tensor subspace based format for the representation of a tensor in a topological tensor space. To do this we use a property of minimal subspaces which allow us to describe the tensor representation by means of a rooted tree. By using the tree structure and the dimensions of the associated minimal subspaces, we introduce the set of tensors in a tree based format with either bounded or fixed tree based rank. This class contains the Tucker format and the Hierarchical Tucker format (including the Tensor Train format). In particular, any tensor of the topological tensor space under consideration admits best approximations in the set of tensors in the tree based format with bounded tree based rank. Moreover, we show that the set of tensors in the tree based format with fixed tree based rank is an analytical Banach manifold. This local chart representation of the manifold is often crucial for an algorithmic treatment of high-dimensional time-dependent PDEs and minimisation problems. However, in our framework, the tangent (Banach) space at a given tensor is not a complemented subspace in the natural ambient tensor Banach space. Therefore, we study the differential of the natural inclusion map as a morphism between Banach manifolds. It allows us to discuss the Dirac-Frenkel variational principle in the framework of topological tensor spaces. 2010 AMS Subject Classifications: 15A69, 46B28, 46A32.
Mothers’ Attributions About Child Misbehavior: Can Situational Suggestions Change General Perceptions?

ABSTRACT Mothers’ attributions about children’s misbehavior were experimentally manipulated to examine causal relationships among attributions, mood, and behavior and assess whether suggestion can change mothers’ general perceptions. Forty mothers of children aged 33 to 71 months were primed with dysfunctional child-referent (child responsible) or environment-referent (situation caused) attributions before a parent-child interaction. Mothers in the dysfunctional child-referent condition placed greater responsibility on children, reported less positive mood and endorsed more overly reactive discipline, and their children displayed more negative mood and misbehavior. The experimental manipulation also affected mothers’ general child attributions. Understanding how attributions form and change has implications for parenting interventions.
Tools for Uniied Prediction and Diagnosis in Hvac Systems: the Riso Project

This report describes the riso project, a system for uniied prediction and diagnosis in HVAC systems based on a class of probabilistic models called belief networks. Progress has been made in both theoretical and practical problems: a scheme for the representation of belief networks with heterogeneous conditional distributions has been devised, an algorithm for inference in a polytree network with arbitrary distributions has been implemented, and software for distributed belief networks has been implemented. After reviewing the motivation for the use of belief networks, the heterogeneous polytree algorithm is described and several important details are discussed. Distributed belief networks as a framework for reasoning under uncertainty in functionally and geographically distributed systems are then described. Several interesting questions arise in connection with distributed belief networks, such as the control of communication, publishing information in probabilistic form, and coping with induced temporal dependencies. A prototype implementation of distributed belief networks is described, and the report closes with a discussion of how distributed, heterogeneous belief networks may be applied in HVAC systems. 1 Overview of the riso project This report describes work in progress on the riso project, which aims to provide tools for uniied prediction and diagnosis in heating, ventilating, and airconditioning (HVAC) systems. riso is based on probabilistic modeling techniques , especially those probability models which are called \belief networks. " Such models are conveniently represented as an acyclic directed graph together 1
An available database for the research of finger vein recognition

Finger vein biometric has received considerable attentions in recent years. However, there is no approved and benchmark finger vein database for researchers to evaluate their algorithms. Furthermore, few public finger vein databases are available online. Aiming to support a benchmark database, in this paper, we introduce a representative finger vein database captured by a portable device, which is named MMCBNU_6000. Our research is novel in four aspects. First, MMCBNU_6000 is established with participation of 100 volunteers, coming from 20 countries. It contains images acquired from different persons with different skin colors. Second, statistical information of the nationality, age, gender, and blood type is recorded for further analysis on finger vein images. Third, similar to the real application, influences from translation, rotation, scale, uneven illumination, scattering, collection posture, finger tissue and finger pressure are taken into account in the imaging process. Fourth, according to the evaluation of average image gray value, image contrast and entropy on the images from the available databases, the acquired images in MMCBNU_6000 have comparable image quality.
Patterns of morphological integration in marine modular organisms: supra-module organization in branching octocoral colonies

Despite the relative simplicity of their modular growth, marine invertebrates such as arborescent gorgonian octocorals (Octocorallia: Cnidaria) generate complex colonial forms. Colony form in these taxa is a consequence of modular (polyp) replication, and if there is a tight integration among modular and supramodular traits (e.g. polyp aperture, inter-polyp spacing, branch thickness, internode and branch length), then changes at the module level may lead to changes in colony architecture. Alternatively, different groups of traits may evolve semi–independently (or conditionally independent). To examine the patterns of integration among morphological traits in Caribbean octocorals, we compared five morphological traits across 21 species, correcting for the effects of phylogenetic relationships among the taxa. Graphical modelling and phylogenetic independence contrasts among the five morphological characters indicate two groups of integrated traits based on whether they were polyp– or colony–level traits. Although all characters exhibited bivariate associations, multivariate analyses (partial correlation coefficients) showed the strongest integration among the colony–level characters (internode distance and branch length). It is a quantitative demonstration that branching characters within the octocorals studied are independent of characters of the polyps. Despite the universally recognized modularity of octocorals at the level of polyps, branching during colony development may represent an emergent level of integration and modularity.
Exploring the Nature and Development of Phonological Representations

Findings in infant speech perception suggest that early phonological perceptions may be syllabic in nature, and that there is a loss of sensitivity to nonnative contrasts toward the end of the first year of life. We present a neural network model that simulates these two phenomena. In addition, the model and simulations (1) demonstrate how information about stress can be utilized in generating syllable-like perceptions; (2) provide a simple means of extracting static representations from a dynamic and co-articulated signal; and (3) indicate that the development of “attractor” states may be necessary in network models of these phenomena.
A search for clusters and groups of galaxies on the line of sight towards 8 lensed quasars

In this paper we present new ESO/VLT FORS1 and ISAAC images of the fields around eight gravi- tationally lensed quasars: CTQ 414, HE 0230-2130, LBQS 1009-0252, B 1030+074, HE 1104-1805, B 1359+154, H 1413+117 and HE 2149-2745. When available and deep enough, HST/WFPC2 data were also used to infer the photometric redshifts of the galaxies around the quasars. The search of galaxy overdensities in space and redshift, as well as a weak-shear analysis and a mass reconstruction are presented in this paper. We find that there are most probably galaxy groups towards CTQ 414, HE 0230-2130, B 1359+154, H 1413+117 and HE 2149-2745, with a mass �4 10 14 M⊙h −1 . Considering its photometric redshift, the galaxy group discovered in the field around HE 1104-1805 is associated with the quasar rather than with the lensing potential.