Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Race detection for web applications

Modern web pages are becoming increasingly full-featured, and this additional functionality often requires greater use of asynchrony. Unfortunately, this asynchrony can trigger unexpected concurrency errors, even though web page scripts are executed sequentially. We present the first formulation of a happens-before relation for common web platform features. Developing this relation was a non-trivial task, due to complex feature interactions and browser differences. We also present a logical memory access model for web applications that abstracts away browser implementation details. Based on the above, we implemented WebRacer, the first dynamic race detector for web applications. WebRacer is implemented atop the production-quality WebKit engine, enabling testing of full-featured web sites. WebRacer can also simulate certain user actions, exposing more races. We evaluated WebRacer by testing a large set of Fortune 100 company web sites. We discovered many harmful races, and also gained insights into how developers handle asynchrony in practice.
Whatever Works: A Systematic User-Centered Training Protocol to Optimize Brain-Computer Interfacing Individually

This study implemented a systematic user-centered training protocol for a 4-class brain-computer interface (BCI). The goal was to optimize the BCI individually in order to achieve high performance within few sessions for all users. Eight able-bodied volunteers, who were initially naïve to the use of a BCI, participated in 10 sessions over a period of about 5 weeks. In an initial screening session, users were asked to perform the following seven mental tasks while multi-channel EEG was recorded: mental rotation, word association, auditory imagery, mental subtraction, spatial navigation, motor imagery of the left hand and motor imagery of both feet. Out of these seven mental tasks, the best 4-class combination as well as most reactive frequency band (between 8-30 Hz) was selected individually for online control. Classification was based on common spatial patterns and Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis. The number and time of classifier updates varied individually. Selection speed was increased by reducing trial length. To minimize differences in brain activity between sessions with and without feedback, sham feedback was provided in the screening and calibration runs in which usually no real-time feedback is shown. Selected task combinations and frequency ranges differed between users. The tasks that were included in the 4-class combination most often were (1) motor imagery of the left hand (2), one brain-teaser task (word association or mental subtraction) (3), mental rotation task and (4) one more dynamic imagery task (auditory imagery, spatial navigation, imagery of the feet). Participants achieved mean performances over sessions of 44-84% and peak performances in single-sessions of 58-93% in this user-centered 4-class BCI protocol. This protocol is highly adjustable to individual users and thus could increase the percentage of users who can gain and maintain BCI control. A high priority for future work is to examine this protocol with severely disabled users.
Differential effects of plant diversity on functional trait variation of grass species.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Functional trait differences and trait adjustment in response to influences of the biotic environment could reflect niche partitioning among species. In this study, we tested how variation in above-ground plant traits, chosen as indicators for light and nitrogen acquisition and use, differs among taxonomically closely related species (Poaceae) to assess their potential for niche segregation at increasing plant diversity. METHODS Traits of 12 grass species were measured in experimental grasslands (Jena Experiment) of varying species richness (from 1 to 60) and presence of particular functional groups (grasses, legumes, tall herbs and small herbs). KEY RESULTS Grass species increased shoot and leaf length, investment into supporting tissue (stem mass fraction) and specific leaf area as well as reduced foliar δ(13)C values with increasing species richness, indicating higher efforts for light acquisition. These species-richness effects could in part be explained by a higher probability of legume presence in more diverse communities. Leaf nitrogen concentrations increased and biomas s : N ratios in shoots decreased when grasses grew with legumes, indicating an improved nitrogen nutrition. Foliar δ(15)N values of grasses decreased when growing with legumes suggesting the use of depleted legume-derived N, while decreasing δ(15)N values with increasing species richness indicated a shift in the uptake of different N sources. However, efforts to optimize light and nitrogen acquisition by plastic adjustment of traits in response to species richness and legume presence, varied significantly among grass species. It was possible to show further that trait adjustment of grass species increased niche segregation in more diverse plant communities but that complementarity through niche separation may differ between light and nutrient acquisition. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that even among closely related species such as grasses different strategies are used to cope with neighbours. This lack in redundancy in turn may facilitate complementary resource use and coexistence.
Altered ferritin subunit composition: change in iron metabolism in lens epithelial cells and downstream effects on glutathione levels and VEGF secretion.

PURPOSE The iron storage protein ferritin is necessary for the safe storage of iron and for protection against the production of iron-catalyzed oxidative damage. Ferritin is composed of 24 subunits of two types: heavy (H) and light (L). The ratio of these subunits is tissue specific, and alteration of this ratio can have profound effects on iron storage and availability. In the present study, siRNA for each of the chains was used to alter the ferritin H:L chain ratio and to determine the effect of these changes on ferritin synthesis, iron metabolism, and downstream effects on iron-responsive pathways in canine lens epithelial cells. METHODS Primary cultures of canine lens epithelial cells were used. The cells were transfected with custom-made siRNA for canine ferritin H- and L-chains. De novo ferritin synthesis was determined by labeling newly synthesized ferritin chains with 35S-methionine, immunoprecipitation, and separation by SDS-PAGE. Iron uptake into cells and incorporation into ferritin was measured by incubating the cells with 59Fe-labeled transferrin. Western blot analysis was used to determine the presence of transferrin receptor, and ELISA was used to determine total ferritin concentration. Ferritin localization in the cells was determined by immunofluorescence labeling. VEGF, glutathione secretion levels, and cystine uptake were measured. RESULTS FHsiRNA decreased ferritin H-chain synthesis, but doubled ferritin L-chain synthesis. FLsiRNA decreased both ferritin H- and L-chain synthesis. The degradation of ferritin H-chain was blocked by both siRNAs, whereas only FHsiRNA blocked the degradation of ferritin L-chain, which caused significant accumulation of ferritin L-chain in the cells. This excess ferritin L-chain was found in inclusion bodies, some of which were co-localized with lysosomes. Iron storage in ferritin was greatly reduced by FHsiRNA, resulting in increased iron availability, as noted by a decrease in transferrin receptor levels and iron uptake from transferrin. Increased iron availability also increased cystine uptake and glutathione concentration and decreased nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) accumulation in the cell-conditioned medium. CONCLUSIONS Most of the effects of altering the ferritin H:L ratio with the specific siRNAs were due to changes in the availability of iron in a labile pool. They caused significant changes in iron uptake and storage, the rate of ferritin synthesis and degradation, the secretion of VEGF, and the levels of glutathione in cultured lens epithelial cells. These profound effects clearly demonstrate that maintenance of a specific H:L ratio is part of a basic cellular homeostatic mechanism.
Fish recolonization in temperate Australian rockpools: a quantitative experimental approach

Understanding recolonization processes of intertidal fish assemblages is integral for predicting the consequences of significant natural or anthropogenic impacts on the intertidal zone. Recolonization of experimentally defaunated intertidal rockpools by fishes at Bass Point, New South Wales (NSW), Australia, was assessed quantitatively by using one long-term and two short-term studies. Rockpools of similar size and position at four sites within the intertidal zone were repeatedly defaunated of their fish fauna after one week, one month, and three months during two short-term studies in spring and autumn (5 months each), and every six months for the long-term study (12 months). Fish assemblages were highly resilient to experimental perturbations— recolonizing to initial fish assemblage structure within 1−3 months. This recolonization was primarily due to subadults (30−40 mm TL) and adults (>40 mm TL) moving in from adjacent rockpools and presumably to abundant species competing for access to vacant habitat. The main recolonizers were those species found in highest numbers in initial samples, such as Bathygobius cocosensis, Enneapterygius rufopileus, and Girella elevata. Defaunation did not affect the size composition of fishes, except during autumn and winter when juveniles ( TL) recruited to rockpools. It appears that Bass Point rockpool fish assemblages are largely controlled by postrecruitment density-dependent mechanisms that indicate that recolonization may be driven by deterministic mechanisms.
Roles of Human CYP2A6 and Monkey CYP2A24 and 2A26 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in the Oxidation of 2,5,2′,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl

2,5,2′,5′-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) induced type I binding spectra with cytochrome P450 (P450) 2A6 and 2A13, with Ks values of 9.4 and 0.51 µM, respectively. However, CYP2A6 oxidized 2,5,2′,5′-TCB to form 4-hydroxylated products at a much higher rate (∼1.0 minute−1) than CYP2A13 (∼0.02 minute−1) based on analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Formation of 4-hydroxy-2,5,2′,5′-TCB by CYP2A6 was greater than that of 3-hydroxy-2,5,2′,5′-TCB and three other hydroxylated products. Several human P450 enzymes, including CYP1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2B6, 2D6, 2E1, 2C9, and 3A4, did not show any detectable activities in oxidizing 2,5,2′,5′-TCB. Cynomolgus monkey CYP2A24, which shows 95% amino acid identity to human CYP2A6, catalyzed 4-hydroxylation of 2,5,2′,5′-TCB at a higher rate (∼0.3 minute−1) than CYP2A26 (93% identity to CYP2A6, ∼0.13 minute−1) and CYP2A23 (94% identity to CYP2A13, ∼0.008 minute−1). None of these human and monkey CYP2A enzymes were catalytically active in oxidizing other TCB congeners, such as 2,4,3′,4′-, 3,4,3′,4′-, and 3,5,3′,5′-TCB. Molecular docking analysis suggested that there are different orientations of interaction of 2,5,2′,5′-TCB with the active sites (over the heme) of human and monkey CYP2A enzymes, and that ligand interaction energies (U values) of bound protein-ligand complexes show structural relationships of interaction of TCBs and other ligands with active sites of CYP2A enzymes. Catalytic differences in human and monkey CYP2A enzymes in the oxidation of 2,5,2′,5′-TCB are suggested to be due to amino acid changes at substrate recognition sites, i.e., V110L, I209S, I300F, V365M, S369G, and R372H, based on the comparison of primary sequences.
User information extraction in big data environment

In the era of large data, massive unstructured data contains a wealth of knowledge, and relying on artificial to find this knowledge is unrealistic, so we study the method of extracting attributes and attribute value automatically from unstructured text. We use the structured information box of the Chinese interactive encyclopedia to extract the relationship triples for generating the relationship knowledge base, and then use the relationship knowledge base for the back annotation. The sentence including the tuple is added to training corpus. This method avoids the manual annotation and solves the problem of insufficient training corpus effectively, which is proven by some experiments.
Basics of meta‐analysis: I2 is not an absolute measure of heterogeneity

When we speak about heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis, our intent is usually to understand the substantive implications of the heterogeneity. If an intervention yields a mean effect size of 50 points, we want to know if the effect size in different populations varies from 40 to 60, or from 10 to 90, because this speaks to the potential utility of the intervention. While there is a common belief that the I2 statistic provides this information, it actually does not. In this example, if we are told that I2 is 50%, we have no way of knowing if the effects range from 40 to 60, or from 10 to 90, or across some other range. Rather, if we want to communicate the predicted range of effects, then we should simply report this range. This gives readers the information they think is being captured by I2 and does so in a way that is concise and unambiguous. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of coral‐associated microbiomes during a thermal bleaching event

Coral‐associated microorganisms play an important role in their host fitness and survival. A number of studies have demonstrated connections between thermal tolerance in corals and the type/relative abundance of Symbiodinium they harbor. More recently, the shifts in coral‐associated bacterial profiles were also shown to be linked to the patterns of coral heat tolerance. Here, we investigated the dynamics of Porites lutea‐associated bacterial and algal communities throughout a natural bleaching event, using full‐length 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer sequences (ITS) obtained from PacBio circular consensus sequencing. We provided evidence of significant changes in the structure and diversity of coral‐associated microbiomes during thermal stress. The balance of the symbiosis shifted from a predominant association between corals and Gammaproteobacteria to a predominance of Alphaproteobacteria and to a lesser extent Betaproteobacteria following the bleaching event. On the contrary, the composition and diversity of Symbiodinium communities remained unaltered throughout the bleaching event. It appears that the switching and/or shuffling of Symbiodinium types may not be the primary mechanism used by P. lutea to cope with increasing seawater temperature. The shifts in the structure and diversity of associated bacterial communities may contribute more to the survival of the coral holobiont under heat stress.
Study of (NH_4)_2S Passivation with Facet of 808 nm Laser Diodes

A sulfur-passivation technique for facet of 808 nm laser diodes(LD) has been investigated.The treatment of facet of LD can improve the output characteristics and reliability.Output power increases by 16.7%. LD passivated using(NH_4)_2S gives no evidence of degradation after 1 500 hours of aging experiment.LD of non-sulfur-passivation severely degrades,its output power decreases by 36.8%. The time of sulfur-passivation produces great difference on the passivation result of LD.The experiment indicates that long time passivation can damage facet causing degradation of LD.5 min sulfur-passivation is best.
Axial Load Behavior of Concrete Columns Confined with GFRP Spirals

The writers evaluated the confinement that was provided by glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) spirals in concrete columns under axial load. Given that GFRP spirals are resistant to chloride-induced corrosion, the option of replacing steel spirals with GFRP spirals was explored to determine whether this would reduce the corrosion of the vertical steel bars in hybrid columns. The writers investigated the axial load behavior of 10 spirally reinforced concrete columns. Six of the 254-mm diameter columns were confined with a GFRP spiral and four were confined with a steel spiral. Some of the columns that were confined with a GFRP spiral utilized steel vertical bars (hybrid columns), whereas others utilized GFRP vertical bars (all-GFRP columns). The stress-strain and load-displacement behavior of all columns was studied. Analytical expressions predicted the axial load capacity of the hybrid and all-GFRP-reinforced concrete columns. Axial compression tests of all-steel-reinforced and hybrid specimens subjected to accelerated corrosion were also carried out. The latter exhibited a smaller corrosion rate, similar axial load capacity, and equal or higher ductility relative to steel corroded columns.
Numerical Simulation of Burden and Gas Distributions Inside COREX Shaft Furnace

Shaft furnace plays a very important role in the quantity and quality indexes of the COREX process. However, the simulation on the burden and gas distributions in COREX shaft furnace is still immature and hence needs further developed and improved. For instance, currently the geometric model is commonly used to simulate the COREX shaft furnace, but can only take into account one or two kinds of burden materials. To improve the simulation of the COREX shaft furnace, a three dimensional model of COREX shaft furnace is developed in this study. It applies the discrete element method (DEM) to a COREX‐3000 shaft furnace with the charging system whose size is the same as the actual one. The model simulates the charging process with four types of burdens together and then is used to investigate the effects of different distributor angles on the burden and gas distributions. Results show that the position of burden apex moves towards the wall and the height of burden profile decreases with the increase of distributor angle. Coke and flux roll away from the striking point, while ore segregates close to the striking point, and pellet always tends to move towards the central area. Coke and flux segregate more obviously in the wall area when the distributor angle is no larger than 10° while they segregate more in both the wall and the center areas when the angle is no smaller than 20°. The distributor angle is recommended to be no larger than 10° to control the central gas flow and be larger than 25° to prevent the peripheral gas from over developing.
Quantitative Micro-Raman Spectroscopy for Partial Pressure Measurement in Small Volumes

We demonstrate the quantitative capabilities of Raman confocal microscopy as a nondestructive method to measure the partial pressure of molecular gases in mm3 range sealed volume having an optical access. Thanks to a calibration procedure, we apply this technique for the characterization of the absolute nitrogen partial pressure inside buffered micro electromechanical system (MEMS) atomic vapor cells developed for atomic clocks. Our results are compared with measurements obtained by rubidium hyperfine frequency spectroscopy and a good agreement is demonstrated between the two methods, with a three-sigma detection limit below 10 mbar for a 1 h integration time, using a 33 mW 532 nm excitation laser. These results prove the potential of confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy as a simple and nondestructive method for small-scale pressure measurements.
Automated lesion segmentation and dermoscopic feature segmentation for skin cancer analysis

Segmentation is the first and most important task in computer-based diagnosis of skin cancer since other tasks are relied mainly on accurately segmented lesions. Recently, deep learning as a mainstream method in machine learning has shown promising results on semantic image segmentation. In this paper, we demonstrate applying deep convolutional networks to two main segmentation tasks in melanoma diagnosis, a lesion segmentation task followed by a lesion dermoscopic feature segmentation task. The proposed method is evaluated on a database from ISBI challenge 2016. By using a hybrid model, computation load for the second task decreases and masks provided by lesion segmentation have been used to enhance the results for the feature segmentation task as well. The results are close to the best results of ISBI challenge 2016. The proposed model yields quite promising results although it is based on very initial hybrid model without an aggressive fine-tuning that is heavily required in Deep Learning implementations. Therefore, there is a room for further improvements.
Clip recommendation based on topic similarity

We propose a clip recommendation technology based on topic similarity. Topics of a clip can represent semantics of each contents. When the topic distributions for clips are similar, it means they are alike. In this paper, we propose a system to learn topic distributions for broadcast contents and link clips based on topics similarity of each clip. The higher the similarity is among the clips, the higher the semantic is among them. This system can be adopted clip recommendation with audiences viewing history and their interest.
Systematic Review with Meta-analysis Effect of probiotic fermented milk on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Previous studies have suggested that probiotic fermented milk may possess blood pressure (BP)-lowering properties. In the present study, we aimed to systematically examine the effect of probiotic fermented milk on BP by conducting a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PubMed, Cochrane library and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched up to March 2012 to identify eligible studies. The reference lists of the obtained articles were also reviewed. Either a ﬁxed-effects or a random-effects model was used to calculate the combined treatment effect. Meta-analysis of fourteen randomised placebo-controlled trials involving 702 participants showed that probiotic fermented milk, compared with placebo, produced a signiﬁcant reduction of 3·10mmHg (95% CI 2 4·64, 2 1·56) in systolic BP and 1·09mmHg (95% CI 2 2·11, 2 0·06) in diastolic BP. Subgroup analyses suggested a slightly greater effect on systolic BP in hypertensive participants than in normotensive ones ( 2 3·98 v . 2 2·09mmHg). Analysis of trials conducted in Japan showed a greater reduction than those conducted in European countries for both systolic BP ( 2 6·12 v . 2 2·08mmHg) and diastolic BP ( 2 3·45 v . 2 0·52mmHg). Some evidence of publication bias was present, but sensitivity analysis excluding small trials that reported extreme results only affected the pooled effect size minimally. In summary, the present meta-analysis suggested that probiotic fermented milk has BP-lowering effects in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects.