Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational Therapy for Children with Handwriting Difficulties: A Framework for Evaluation and Treatment

Handwriting is one of the most complex skills that is learnt and taught. It requires motor, sensory, perceptual, praxis and cognitive functions, and the integration of these functions. When the complex nature of this skill is considered, it comes as little surprise that many children experience difficulty in mastering this area. When an occupational therapist observes that a child referred to the service is having difficulty with handwriting, it becomes necessary for the therapist to administer procedures to identify the strengths and weaknesses that will then become the basis for a remedial programme. This article presents a conceptual framework for evaluating and treating handwriting difficulties presented by children in mainstream education with specific developmental disorder, such as dyspraxia or dyslexia. The performance components and functional performance of handwriting are briefly reviewed. Both evaluation and intervention procedures are discussed in order to guide the therapist in developing remedial and instructional programmes. The article highlights the unique role of the occupational therapist in evaluating and treating a child's functional performance of handwriting skills.
Examination of Identity and Romantic Relationship Intimacy Associations with Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

This study examined identity and romantic relationship intimacy associations with emerging adults' well-being. Examination of identity status differences in well-being indicated emerging adults in foreclosed and achieved identity statuses reported higher well-being levels than identity diffuse and moratorium emerging adults. Results also indicated gender moderation of identity status differences in romantic relationship intimacy. Identity diffuse and moratorium women reported more intimate relationships than diffuse and moratorium men. Further, identity diffuse, foreclosed, and achieved emerging adult women reported higher romantic relationship intimacy than identity moratorium women whereas identity foreclosed and achieved emerging adult men reported higher intimacy than identity diffuse and moratorium men. Finally, results indicated positive associations between romantic relationship intimacy and well-being. This study supports previous identity status differences in well-being and also suggests that romantic relationship intimacy contributes to emerging adults' well-being. Findings are discussed with regard to the theoretical and empirical importance of considering identity and romantic relationship characteristics when examining emerging adult social and psychological well-being.
An Investigation of Potency of eWOM Messages with a Focus on Subjective Rank Expressions

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) is one important information source that influences consumers' product evaluations. This paper presents(1) hypotheses for the potency of eWOM messages with a focus on subjective rank expressions, which refer to linguistic representations related to the level of subjective evaluations and the strength of recommendations, and (2) the results of hypothesis testing on the dataset collected from a questionnaire survey administered to one hundred and fifty two undergraduate students. Two expression types of subjective rank expressions - comparison and degree - we reexamined. A two-way ANOVA was performed to test the effects of two independent variables "evaluation skill" (SKILL) and "expressiontype" (TYPE) on the dependent variable "degree of positive change in the evaluations" (POTENCY). The results provide some pieces of evidence in support of the hypotheses. The findings obtained through the research are discussed from a viewpoint of developing accurate methods for the potency prediction of eWOM messages.
Spatial information user modeling method from the point of view of linguistics

Given that conventional spatial information user profile models have not a clear classification because of lack of theoretical basis, the comprehensive information theory is introduced into spatial information use profile modeling area. From the point of view of linguistic, the classification method of user profile models based on comprehensive information theory is proposed in this paper. According to syntactic, semantic and pragmatic information, user profile models are classified into four categories: syntactic information based models, semantic information based models, pragmatic information based models and composite elements based models, which make a clear distinction of the classification of user profile models. Based on these researches, the adaptability of all models respectively is analyzed in-depth, and the application conditions of every kind of user models are pointed out definitely.
Collagen hydrolysate intake increases skin collagen expression and suppresses matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity.

The effect of daily ingestion of collagen hydrolysate (CH) on skin extracellular matrix proteins was investigated. Four-week-old male Wistar rats were fed a modified AIN-93 diet containing 12% casein as the reference group or CH as the treatment group. A control group was established in which animals were fed a non-protein-modified AIN-93 diet. The diets were administered continuously for 4 weeks when six fresh skin samples from each group were assembled and subjected to extraction of protein. Type I and IV collagens were studied by immunoblot, and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 were assessed by zymography. The relative amount of type I and IV collagens was significantly (P < .05) increased after CH intake compared with the reference diet group (casein). Moreover, CH uptake significantly decreased both proenzyme and active forms of MMP2 compared with casein and control groups (P < .05). In contrast, CH ingestion did not influence on MMP9 activity. These results suggest that CH may reduce aging-related changes of the extracellular matrix by stimulating anabolic processes in skin tissue.
A general framework of hybrid graph sampling for complex network analysis

Being able to capture the properties of massive real graphs and also greatly reduce data scale and processing complexity, graph sampling techniques provide an efficient tool for complex network analysis. Random walk-based sampling has become popular to obtain asymptotically uniform samples in the recent literature. However, it produces highly correlated samples and often leads to poor estimation accuracy in sampling large networks. Another widely-used approach is to launch random jump by querying randomly generated user/node ID, but also has the drawback of unexpected cost when the ID space is sparsely populated. In this paper, we develop a hybrid graph sampling framework that inherits the benefit of returning immediate samples from random walk-based crawling, while incorporating the advantage of reducing the correlation in the obtained samples from random jump. We aim to strike the right balance between random jump and crawling by analyzing the resulting asymptotic variance of an estimator of any graph nodal property, in order to give guidelines on the design of better graph sampling methods. We also provide simulation results on real network (graph) to confirm our theoretical findings.
A Left Corner Parser for Tree Adjoining Grammars

Tabular parsers can be de£ned as deduction systems where formulas, called items, are sets of complete or incomplete constituents (Sikkel, 1997; Shieber, Schabes and Pereira, 1995). Formally, given an input string w = a1 . an with n ≥ 0 and a grammar G, a parser IP is a tuple (I,H,D) where I is a set of items, H is a set of hypothesis ([ai, i − 1, i] with 1 ≤ i ≤ n) that encodes the input string, and D is a set of deduction steps that determines how items are combined in order to deduce new items. The deductive approach allows us to establish relations between two parsers in a formal way. One of the most interesting relations between parsers are £lters because they can be used to improve the performance of tabular parsers in practical cases. The application of a £lter to a parser yields a new parser which performs less deductions or contracts sequences of deductions to single deduction steps. One well-known example of a £lter is the relation between Earley and Left Corner (LC) parsers for ContextFree Grammars (CFGs). A LC parser reduces the number of items deduced by Earley’s parser using the left corner relation. Given a CFG, the left corner of a non-terminal symbol A is the terminal or non-terminal symbol X if and only if there exists a production A → Xν in the grammar, where ν is a sequence of symbols. In the case of A → e, we consider e as the left corner of A. The notion of the left corner relation allow us to rule out the prediction performed on X by an Earley’s parser. Most tabular parsers for Tree Adjoining Grammars (TAGs) are extensions of well-known tabular parser for CFGs. For example, we can cite a number of tabular parsers for TAGs de£ned on the basis of the Earley’s algorithm (Alonso Pardo et al., 1999; Lang, 1990; Joshi and Schabes, 1997; Nederhof, 1999). Although several approaches have been described to improve the performance of TAGs parsers, most of them based on restrictions in the formalism (Schabes and Waters, 1995) or compilation into £nite-state automata (Evans and Weir, 1998), to the best of our knowledge, no attempt has been made to improve the practical performance of Earley-based parsers for TAGs by introducing the left-corner relation.
View on Work-family Linkage and Work-family Conflict Model

Separate pattern, mutual pattern and blending pattern are the relationship between work and family which can be explained by role theory, spillover theory, Compensation theory and Boundary theory. Work family conflict represents six dimension. Role conflict model, Gender differences model, work-family interface model give an explanation of causation and outcomes of work-family conflict.
The stability of alcohol related expectancies in social drinking situations

Abstract A major premise of the social learning model of drinking is that alcohol-related outcome expectancies are causally linked to drinking behaviour. However, alcohol-related expectancies have rarely been investigated in actual drinking situations. This study preselected 60 university students who had strong expectancies of alcohol as a tension reducer as measured by the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire (DEQ). Expectancies were subsequently monitored in a mildly stressful drinking situation where subjects were administered alcohol (0.5g/kg) or a placebo. Alcohol expectancies, including those of tension reduction, largely remained stable even while subjects were drinking. Significant decreases in behavioural and self-reported tension occurred when subjects were administered alcohol in the drinking situation but there was no corresponding change amongst subjects who were administered a placebo. There thus appeared to be little feedback from changing behaviour and affective state to the tension reductio.
Police Innovation: Critic The limits of hot spots policing

Introduction This author is a strong advocate of using sophisticated information technology and the latest research findings to guide decisionmaking in police organizations. Hence, this article begins with a brief acknowledgment of the potential benefits of hot spot policing in theory, followed by a serious critique. The thesis of this chapter is that, while the concept of hot spots policing is attractive, we should be disappointed in how scholars have narrowly defined it in theory and research and how police organizations have narrowly practiced it. This approach has failed to embody the fundamental principles of either problem-oriented policing or community policing, which many scholars believe represent the basic pillars of “good policing” in the twenty-first century. Acknowledging the benefits The concept of hot spots is indisputable as a criminological phenomenon and suggests the need for focused responses. From the very beginning of criminological inquiries in nineteenth century France, scholars noted that criminal activity is not randomly distributed, but rather varies by geographic area such as regions, states, and communities (see Eck and Weisburd 1995). More recent micro-level analyses have focused on sizable variations between and within urban neighborhoods. Hence, a sensible policy implication is to recommend the concentration of more resources in these high-crime areas, including police resources (Sherman, Gottfredson, MacKenzie et al . 1997). The most important question, however, is not whether we should assign more resources to problem areas, but rather, what resources should be deployed and how should they be deployed?
Cohesiveness without Groupthink

This study attempts to examine the role of task-oriented cohesion and its relationship to social-emotional cohesion within the groupthink framework. Specifically, it was predicted that the symptoms of groupthink would be least likely to appear when task-oriented cohesion exceeded social-emotional cohesion. In addition, it was predicted that the symptoms of group-think would be most likely to appear when social-emotional cohesion was high. The design manipulated type of cohesion (social-emotional cohesion: high vs. low; task-oriented cohesion: high vs. low) with the symptoms of groupthink serving as dependent variables. Group members were asked to indicate the degree to which they experienced the symptoms of groupthink after completing a decision-making task. Results indicated that the combination of low social-emotional and high task-oriented cohesion resulted in the lowest perception of groupthink symptoms. In addition, groups high in social-emotional cohesion were more likely to experience the symptoms of groupthink than were groups high in task-oriented cohesion. Implications of these findings for cohesion and the groupthink model are discussed.
Settlement and adhesion of algal cells to hexa(ethylene glycol)-containing self-assembled monolayers with systematically changed wetting properties

Protein resistance of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hexa(ethylene glycols) (EG6) has previously been shown to be dependent on the alkoxyl end-group termination of the SAM, which determines wettability [S. Herrwerth, W. Eck, S. Reinhardt, and M. Grunze, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 9359 (2003)]. In the present study, the same series of hexa(ethylene glycols) was used to examine the correlation between protein resistance and the settlement and adhesion of eukaryotic algal cells, viz., zoospores of the macroalga Ulva and cells of the diatom Navicula, which adhere to the substratum through the secretion of protein-containing glues. Results showed that the initial settlement of Ulva zoospores was highest on the hydrophilic EG6OH but that cells were only weakly adhered. The number of Ulva zoospores and Navicula cells firmly adhered to the SAMs systematically increased with decreasing wettability, as shown for the protein fibrinogen. The data are discussed in terms of hydration forces and surface charges in the SAMs.
Androgens Modulate Brain Networks of Empathy in Female-to-Male Transsexuals: An fMRI Study

Women show higher sensitivity than men to emotional and social cues and are therefore better in showing empathy with others and in deciphering others intentions and mental states. These sex differences have been linked to hormonal levels. However, it remains unclear how hormones modulate neural mechanisms underlying empathic processes. To assess effects of chronic hormonal treatment, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used in a group of female-to-male transsexuals before and during androgen therapy and a group of female and male controls while they watched pictures portraying emotionally negative or neutral situations (emotional content) involving one or two persons (social relation). Before therapy, the medial superior frontal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus showed greater activations for emotional than neutral stimuli. The posterior superior temporal sulcus showed greater activations for emotional vs. neutral stimuli and for social relations relative to pictures of single persons. Long-term androgen administration reduced the pSTS activity in response to emotional stimuli as well as its response to social relation. More importantly, the functional connectivity among frontal, temporal and striatal regions was weakened while the connectivity among limbic regions was strengthened as the androgen level increased during hormone therapy. This pattern of change was similar to the sex difference observed between female vs. male controls. Thus, making a brain more male by the application of androgens not only reduced the activity of a core neural hub but also markedly altered the organization of the brain network supporting emotional and social cognitive processes related to empathy and mentalizing.
Managing human resources in a multinational context

Purpose – To develop more sensitivity for different patterns of human resource management in multinational companies.Design/methodology/approach – Systemic approach; the concepts and models are based on the evaluation of consulting projects in the field of human resource management.Findings – A concept of four typical varieties of human resource management, a model and important aspects for designing the cooperation processes between human resource departments and company management in multinational companies.Originality/value – This paper provides a complex mindset about human resource management in a multinational context, which is a prerequisite for designing constructive cooperation processes between human resource departments and company management and for increasing the effectiveness of human resource activities.
Detections , Bounds , and Timelines : UMass and TDT-3

This report presents the system used by the University of Massachusetts for its participation in three of the ﬁve TDT tasks this year: detection, ﬁrst story detection, and story link detection. For each task, we discuss the parameter setting approach that we used and the results of our system on the test data. In addition, we use TDT evaluation approaches to show that the tracking performance that sites are achieving is what is expected from Information Retrieval technology. We further show that any ﬁrst story detection system based on a tracking approach is unlikely to be sufﬁciently accurate for most purposes. Finally, we present an overview of an automatic timeline generation system that we developed using TDT data
PERCEIVED ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY, BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS, AND PERFORMANCE AMONG MINORITY AND NON-MINORITY ENTREPRENEURS IN

This study examines perceived entrepreneurial ability, perceived obstacles to important business relationships, and performance of firms in the Midwest using social learning and social identity theories. From a survey of 68 entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial self-efficacy reduced obstacles to key business relationships and enhanced business performance. Firm age and entrepreneur age did not affect obstacles directly. Minority entrepreneurs were not found to report significantly more obstacles to business relationships but did report more obstacles with increasing firm age than non-minority entrepreneurs. Minority entrepreneurs reported lower firm performance. Relationship obstacles reduced firm performance, but less so for minority entrepreneurs than for non-minority entrepreneurs. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Social learning theory (SLT) asserts that self-efficacy generates positive outcomes. This study examines one form, entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), as a determinant of perceived entrepreneurial firm performance (PERFORMANCE). It uses social identity theory (SIT) to examine whether minority entrepreneurs (MINORITIES) experience obstacles to key business relationships (OBSTACLES) differently. Results are based on 68 survey responses. Two applications of SLT were made. ESE was expected to lead entrepreneurs to view challenges in business relationship building less as personal “obstacles” to gaining key referrals as needed. Entrepreneurs with high ESE were expected to perceive high PEFORMANCE levels. Both were supported. Two applications of SIT predicted business networking experience. MINORITIES were expected to start ventures expecting proactive, intentional discrimination by an out-group. OBSTACLES measured perceived out-group discrimination without using the “discrimination” term. MINORITIES were expected to report higher OBSTACLES. No significant difference in OBSTACLES was found. If significant progress has occurred in reducing ethnic discrimination in U.S. business then MINORITIES would be surprised with increasing experience to discover only subtle, unintended out-group discrimination. This implies decreasing OBSTACLES with firm age for MINORITIES. The opposite was discovered. This suggests either real ethnic discrimination in business referral processes or that MINORITIES are likely to attribute difficulties in relationship building in discrimination-like terms rather than merit-like terms.
Throughput performance of multiple independent paths in wireless multihop network

We investigate the improvement in throughput performance achievable by multiple independent paths in a single-channel wireless multi-hop network. We show that a major limiting factor in multiple path routing is the degree of spatial reuse that can be achieved at the source node; that is, the maximum achievable throughput improvement of multiple paths is determined by the achievable degree of spatial reuse rather than the number of paths used. Hence having more than 2 paths does not significantly improve the performance. We also show that the average throughput improvement resulting from 2 independent paths depends on the probability of finding such independent paths in the network; this probability, although increasing with node density, is not always large enough to guarantee significant improvement in throughput.
Bim Mediates the Elimination of Functionally Unfit Th1 Responders from the Memory Pool

Selective clonal deletion in the CD4+ T cell compartment during the transition from effector to memory is accompanied by enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim. Here, we show that Bim deficiency enables the survival of poorly functional Th1 responders that are normally eliminated during contraction. However, rescued bim −/− CD4+ “memory” T cells continued to demonstrate deficient effector functions, poor sensitivity to antigen and an inability to respond to secondary challenge. Our results demonstrate that Bim activity plays a key role in shaping the CD4+ memory T cell repertoire, ensuring the emergence of highly functional CD4+ memory T cells and the elimination of Th1 effector cells with sub-optimal function. We propose that Bim is a key mediator of T cell death in the absence of appropriate TCR-driven activation and differentiation.
‘Slow’ reproductive strategy: A negative predictor of depressive symptomatology

Abstract The present study examined the associations between a high‐K (slow) life history strategy and depressive symptomatology. The participants were a sample of 494 male utility workers who underwent psychological evaluations. It was hypothesised that high‐K will correlate negatively with, and will be a negative predictor of, depressive symptomatology. The results confirmed the predictions, showing that high‐K accounts for 15% of the variance in depressive symptomatology after controlling for risk factors for depression such as demographics, prior traumatic experiences, past depression, and recent negative life events. Implications of the results are discussed.