Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Network Analysis in Scientometrics

In this paper we report on the results of our current attempt to enhance scientometric measurements by employing social network analysis and mining methods. We begin by recalling of our previous work on the collection of a rich data on the social network of scientific collaboration. Then, we proceed to the description of the enhancements to the dataset. Most importantly, we report on the three separate results obtained from the extended social network. The analysis of the triad closure consensus in the dataset reveals interesting patterns regarding the underlying nature of scientific collaboration. Even more evident are the results of the betweenness centrality analysis, where a periodic pattern emerges both in co-authorship and co-participant networks. Finally, we conclude with the introduction of a complex model of scientific career development which uses conditional probability sequential patterns.
Alteration of contractile force and mass in the senescent diaphragm with beta(2)-agonist treatment.

Aging is associated with a decrease in diaphragmatic maximal tetanic force production (P(o)) in senescent rats. Treatment with the beta(2)-agonist clenbuterol (CB) has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mass and P(o) in weak locomotor skeletal muscles from dystrophic rodents. It is unknown whether CB can increase diaphragmatic mass and P(o) in senescent rats. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that CB treatment will increase specific P(o) (i.e., force per cross-sectional area) and mass in the diaphragm of old rats. Young (5 mo) and old (23 mo) male Fischer 344 rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups (n = 10/group): 1) young CB treated; 2) young control; 3) old CB treated; and 4) old control. Animals were injected daily with either CB (2 mg/kg) or saline for 28 days. CB increased (P < 0.05) the mass of the costal diaphragm in both young and old animals. CB treatment increased diaphragmatic-specific P(o) in old animals (approximately 15%; P < 0.05) but did not alter (P > 0.05) diaphragmatic-specific P(o) in young animals. Biochemical analysis indicated that the improved maximal specific P(o) in the diaphragm of CB-treated old animals was not due to increased myofibrillar protein concentration. Analysis of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) content of the costal diaphragm revealed a CB-induced increase (P < 0.05) in type IIb MHC and a decrease in type I, IIa, and IIx MHC in both young and old animals. These data support the hypothesis that CB treatment can restore the age-associated decline in both diaphragmatic-specific P(o) and muscle mass.
New Routing Update Mechanisms of Kademlia

Putting forward new routing update mechanisms, improved lookup performance of standard kademlia protocol: each node would advertise others in a range when it is leaving overlay network; and each node should backward notice its routing providers about the failed links founded in its routing lookup process, then lookup initiator and routing providers could update their k-buckets corporately. In the new mechanisms, the dead nodes would be accessed in very low possibility so that the lookup process can be more effective, especially under churn state. Determine arguments of mechanisms and analyze the lookup performance through simulation, prove the validity of the mechanisms.
Chronic inflammation caused by lymphotoxin is lymphoid neogenesis

In presenting a unifying concept for chronic inflammation and lymphoid organogenesis, we suggest that lymphotoxin's (LT, LT-alpha, TNF-beta) crucial role in these processes is pivotal and similar. Chronic inflammatory lesions that developed in the kidney and pancreas at the sites of transgene expression in rat insulin promoter-LT (RIP-LT) mice resembled lymph nodes with regard to cellular composition (T cells, B cells, plasma cells, and antigen-presenting cells), delineated T and B cell areas, primary and secondary follicles, characteristic morphologic and antigenic (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MAdCAM-1, and PNAd) features of high endothelial venules, and ability to respond to antigen and undergo Ig class switching when obtained from mice immunized with SRBC. The vascular changes, with the exception of PNAd, appear to be the direct consequence of transgene derived LT expression, as they were also observed in RIP-LT mice lacking mature T and B cells. These data show that LT-induced chronic inflammation has the characteristics of organized lymphoid tissue.
A marginal mixture model for discovering motifs in sequences

In this study we present a marginal mixture model for discovering probabilistic motifs in categorical sequences. The proposed method is based on a general framework for developing, extending and marginalizing expressive motif models that encapsulates spatial information. Two alternative schemes for constructing expressive models are described, the extend and the marginal approach. The EM algorithm is applied for estimating the model parameters, while an initialization procedure is used based on the known K-means algorithm. Numerical experiments on various simulated and real sets of sequences demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in comparison with the basic maximum likelihood with the EM algorithm scheme and the Gibbs sampling approach.
Competition for p300 Regulates Transcription by Estrogen Receptors and Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B in Human Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells

Previous studies suggest that estrogen may prevent expression of cell adhesion molecules implicated in vascular inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. We demonstrate the interaction and reciprocal interference of estrogen receptors (ERs) with p65, the nuclear factor-&kgr;B component, in smooth muscle cells that express ER&agr; and ER&bgr; after exposure to 17&bgr;-estradiol for 48 to 72 hours. ER and p65 do not associate directly, as shown by lack of coprecipitation, but instead compete for limiting amounts of p300, a close relative of the CREB-binding protein. Overexpressed p300 significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of ER on p65-dependent transcription as well as the inhibitory effect of p65 on ER-dependent transcription. These actions were ligand-dependent. The expression of both ER and nuclear factor-&kgr;B–dependent reporter genes was partially rescued from ER/p65 mutual inhibition by transient transfection of smooth muscle cells with a p300 expression vector. These actions of 17&bgr;-estradiol may play an important role in the cytokine-induced expression of immune and inflammatory genes implicated in atherogenesis.
Extraction of Polish noun senses from large corpora by means of clustering

We investigate two methods of identifying noun sen- ses, based on clustering of lemmas and of documents. We have adapted to Polish the well-known algorithm of Clustering by Com- mittee, and tested it on very large Polish corpora. The evaluation by means of a WordNet-based synonymy test used Polish wordnet (plWordNet 1.0). Various clustering algorithms were analysed for the needs of extraction of document clusters as indicators of the senses of words which occur in them. The two approaches to word- sense identification have been compared, and conclusions drawn.
The Nuclear Receptor Nor-1 Is Essential for Proliferation of the Semicircular Canals of the Mouse Inner Ear

ABSTRACT Nor-1 belongs to the nur subfamily of nuclear receptor transcription factors. The precise role of Nor-1 in mammalian development has not been established. However, recent studies indicate a function for this transcription factor in oncogenesis and apoptosis. To examine the spatiotemporal expression pattern of Nor-1 and the developmental and physiological consequences of Nor-1 ablation, Nor-1-null mice were generated by insertion of the lacZ gene into the Nor-1 genomic locus. Disruption of the Nor-1 gene results in inner ear defects and partial bidirectional circling behavior. During early otic development, Nor-1 is expressed exclusively in the semicircular canal forming fusion plates. After formation of the membranous labyrinth, Nor-1 expression in the vestibule is limited to nonsensory epithelial cells localized at the inner edge of the semicircular canals and to the ampullary and utricular walls. In the absence of Nor-1, the vestibular walls fuse together as normal; however, the endolymphatic fluid space in the semicircular canals is diminished and the roof of the ampulla appears flattened due to defective continual proliferative growth of the semicircular canals.
FAK contributes to proteinuria in hypercholesterolaemic rats and modulates podocyte F‐actin re‐organization via activating p38 in response to ox‐LDL

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinase that regulates cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, a rat model of high fat diet‐induced hypercholesterolaemia was established to investigate the involvement of FAK in lipid disorder‐related kidney diseases. We showed focal fusion of podocyte foot process that occurred at as early as 4 weeks in rats consuming high fat diet, preceding the onset of proteinuria when aberrant phosphorylation of FAK was found. These abnormalities were ameliorated by dietary intervention of TAE226, a reported inhibitor of FAK. FAK is also an adaptor protein initiating cascades of intracellular signals including c‐Src, Rho GTPase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). P38 MAPK belongs to the latter and is centrally involved in kidney diseases. Our cell culture data revealed oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) triggered hyper‐phosphorylation of FAK and p38, ectopic expression of cellular markers (manifested as decreased WT1, podocin and NEPH1, and increased vimentin and mmp9), and re‐arrangement of F‐actin filaments with enhanced cell motility; these mutations were significantly rectified by FAK shRNA. Notably, pre‐treatment of p38 inhibitor did not alter FAK activation, albeit its deletion of p38 hyper‐activity and attenuation of cellular abnormalities, demonstrating that p38 acted as a downstream effector of FAK signalling and ox‐LDL damaged podocytes in a FAK/p38‐dependent manner. This was further identified by animal data that p38 activation was also abrogated by TAE226 treatment in hypercholesterolaemic rats, suggesting that FAK/p38 axis might also be involved in in vivo events. These findings provided a potential early mechanism of hypercholesterolaemia‐related podocyte damage and proteinuria.
Cognitive variations among vascular dementia subtypes caused by small-, large-, or mixed-vessel disease

Introduction Vascular dementia (VaD) is a heterogeneous disease that can vary in clinical presentation and cognitive profile. The cognitive profiles of different VaD subtypes depend on the anatomical distribution of the vascular insults that have been documented. Material and methods We reviewed demographic, cognitive, and imaging data in 402 patients who were clinically diagnosed with VaD between January 2002 and June 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gan Nan Medical College in Ganzhou, China. Results Based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, patients were classified as having large- (24.1%), small- (70.4%), or mixed-vessel VaD (5.5%). Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (81%), followed by smoking (37%), hyperlipidemia (35%), and diabetes (27%). Hyperlipidemia, cardiac risk factors (history of cardiovascular disease, heart valve disorder) and carotid stenosis were more frequent in patients with large-vessel disease compared to those with small-vessel or mixed-vessel disease (p < 0.001). A median of 4 (maximum 11) cognitive domains were impaired in each VaD patient. After memory dysfunction, executive defects were the most prevalent (68.9%), and neurobehavioral dysfunction was the most rare (13.2%). Patients with small-vessel VaD showed more executive dysfunction than patients with large-vessel and mixed-vessel VaD (p < 0.05), whereas patients with large-vessel VaD had a higher prevalence of visuospatial or language dysfunction (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results indicate that specific subtypes and underlying vascular mechanisms will help predict clinical courses and produce more focused treatment and prevention of VaD.
Keying and Authentication for Routing Protocols (KARP) Design Guidelines

This document is one of a series concerned with defining a roadmap of protocol specification work for the use of modern cryptographic mechanisms and algorithms for message authentication in routing protocols. In particular, it defines the framework for a key management protocol that may be used to create and manage session keys for message authentication and integrity.
Reducing the computational cost for sound classification in hearing aids by selecting features via genetic algorithms with restricted search

This paper centers on designing a feature-selection algorithm able to provide a ldquosmallrdquo number of adequate features that assist a sound classification system for hearing aids in reducing its computational load without degrading its performance. Because of the problem complexity, we have explored the use of genetic algorithms with restricted search for the mentioned feature selection. In an effort to evaluate its performance, the algorithm has been compared to a standard unconstrained genetic algorithm and with sequential methods. The restricted search driven by the proposed algorithm performs better than both the sequential methods and unconstrained genetic algorithms. The proposed algorithm selects a feature subset composed of only 21 features, much smaller than the 76 features of the complete, original set of available features. This low-cardinality subset of signal-describing features is the one implemented on the hearing aid, saving thus a great number of the scarce computational resources, and making possible to put into practice the concept at reasonable cost.
A Survey of Techniques for Unsupervised Word Sense Induction

Many applications in natural language processing benefit from the use of word senses rather than surface word forms. While the use of word senses has historically required large, manually compiled dictionaries, recent work has focused on automatically inducing these senses from unannotated text. This paper presents an overview of the task of unsupervised word sense induction (WSI) and compares several approaches to the task, concluding with a final overview of the techniques surveyed.
NeuronDyn: live neurotransmitter vesicle movement dynamics in living neurons

The communication between two neurons is established by endogenous chemical particles aggregated in vesicles that move along the axons. It is known that an abnormal transport of these vesicles is correlated with neurodegenerative diseases. The quantification of the dynamics of vesicles movement can therefore be a window to study early detection of such diseases. Nevertheless, most of the studies in the literature rely on manual tracking techniques. In this paper we present a novel methodology for quantifying neurotransmitter vesicle dynamics by using a combination of image tracking and classification algorithms. We use confocal microscopy videos of living neurons to detect and classify vesicles using support vector machine (SVM), while motion is extracted via global nearest neighbor (GNN) tracking approach. Results of the classification algorithm are presented and compared to a ground truth dataset defined by experts. Sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 97% were obtained at a much lower computational cost than an established method from the literature (0.24s/frame vs. 125s/frame). These preliminary results suggest the great potential of the method and tool we have been developing for single particle movement dynamics measure in living cells.
Comparison of RK and confidence judgement ROCs in recognition memory

Several indicators have been used to differentiate familiarity and recollection processes. One dualist theory stipulates that it is possible to decide whether memories come from a feeling of knowing or from a conscious retrieval of the encoding and storage conditions (remembering). Another dualist theory is based on an indirect estimation of familiarity and recollection via the subjective confidence associated with recognition responses, and from an analysis of the derived receiver operating characteristics (ROC). In the present study, participants were presented with target words or faces that they subsequently had to recognise among distractor words or faces. On the recognition phase, the old items were the same size or a different size. In two different conditions, participants had to report (1) their remember/know/guess judgement or (2) their confidence level for each of their recognition responses. The main goal of the experiment was to directly compare different indicators of familiarity and recollection. The results showed that it would be risky to consider the remember/know/guess method and the confidence-judgement method as strictly equivalent.
An analogue of Bratteli-Jorgensen loop group actions for GMRA's

Several years ago, O. Bratelli and P. Jorgensen developed the con- cept of m-systems of filters for dilation by a positive integer N > 1 on L 2 (R). They constructed a loop group action on m-systems. By work of Mallat and Meyer, these m-systems are important in constructing multi-resolution analy- ses and wavelets associated to dilation by N and translation by Z on L 2 (R). In this paper, we discuss an extension of this loop-group construction to general- ized filter systems, which we will call "M-systems," associated with generalized multiresolution analyses. In particular, we show that every multiplicity func- tion has an associated generalized loop group which acts freely and transitively on the set of M-systems corresponding to the multiplicity function. The re- sults of Bratteli and Jorgensen correspond to the case where the multiplicity function is identically equal to 1.
The search for optical emission on and before the GRB trigger with the WIDGET telescope

WIDGET is a robotic telescope for monitoring the HETE-2 field-of-view to detect Gamma-ray Burst optical flashes or possible optical precursors. The system has 62degx62deg wide field-of-view which covers about 80% of HETE-2 one with a 2kx2k Apogee U10 CCD camera and a Canon EF 24mm f/1.4 wide-angle lens without a bandpass filter. WIDGET has been in operation since June 2004 at Akeno observing site where is about 200 km apart from Tokyo. Typical limiting magnitude with S/N=3 at the site is V=10mag for 5 seconds exposure and V=11mag for 30 seconds exposure. We had already six coincident observations with HETE-2 position alerts. It was, however, cloudy for all cases due to rainy season in Japan. Expected number of coincident observations under clear sky is about 5 events per year. We will extend the system in early 2005 for Swift era to monitor optical transients in wider field-of-view, multi-color or polarization modes.
A robust comparison approach of velocity data between MRI and CFD based on divergence-free space projection

Recent achievements in 4D flow MRI increased the interest of CFD-MRI studies, which require comparison of velocity fields from both approaches for validation purposes. A novel flow regularization approach is proposed to provide a ground truth and to perform robust, mathematically reasonable comparisons between CFD and MRI. Our suggested method projects the measured and denoised data into the same space as the computational domain and applies the Helmholtz-Hodge theorem to recover the divergence-free property of the flow field by decomposing the velocity field into its divergence-free, curl-free and harmonic components. Furthermore, an aortic phantom study has been set-up under fully controlled laminar flow conditions with helical flow patterns to validate the proposed method using phase-contrast MRI measurements, whereas a dynamic stenosed case was used under turbulent flow conditions to analyse the robustness of applied pre-processings including the denoising of MRI data and the decomposition of velocity vector field.
Stroboscopic interferometer system for dynamic MEMS characterization

We describe a computer-controlled stroboscopic phase-shifting interferometer system for measuring out-of-plane motions and deformations of MEMS structures with nanometer accuracy. To aid rapid device characterization, our system incorporates (1) an imaging interferometer that records motion at many points simultaneously without point-by-point scanning, (2) an integrated computer-control and data-acquisition unit to automate measurement, and (3) an analysis package that generates sequences of time-resolved surface-height maps from the captured data. The system can generate a detailed picture of microstructure dynamics in minutes. A pulsed laser diode serves as the stroboscopic light source permitting measurement of large-amplitude motion (tens of micrometers out-of-plane) at kilohertz frequencies. The high out-of-plane sensitivity of the method makes it particularly suitable for characterizing actuated micro-optical elements for which even nanometer-scale deformations can produce substantial performance degradation. We illustrate the capabilities of the system with a study of the dynamic behavior of a polysilicon surface-micromachined scanning mirror that was fabricated in the MCNC MUMPS foundry process.
Movement characteristics evaluation of the spherical robot actuated by the magnetic field for medical applications

The capsule microrobot will play an important role in the medical application such as the minimally invasive surgery in the future. In this paper, we proposed the spherical capsule robot system driven by the external magnetic field. And then we did the finite element analysis of the electromagnetic device involved in the system using ANSYS software. In the end, to verify our analysis results and establish relationship with the experimental system, we conducted the comparison between experimental results and theoretical results. In addition, the spherical robot motion was also recorded in the tube and an open plastic sink. Combining with the proposed experimental platform, we can change the orientation of the capsule robot by changing the direction of the external magnetic field and change the moving speed by changing the frequency of the external magnetic field. The driving force of the Helmholtz coil on the capsule robot can be generated along the space any direction by changing the parameters of the input signal in theory. Besides that we found that the variation tendency of the magnetic field is the same between experimental values and simulation results. We can adjust the parameters of the input current on the basis of the simulation results in order to obtain the needed external magnetic field during the actual operation. The capsule robot motion indicated that the capsule robot motion is related to other factors except the external driving force. The experiments in an open plastic cup indicated that the spherical capsule robot can actively motion along the predetermined direction in the plane. The research results in this paper will provide the strong supports for actuating the capsule robot with the external magnetic field for medical applications in the future.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication PrinciplesA New Approach For Rotation Invariant Optical Character Recognition Using Eigendigit

Character recognition plays an important role in the modern world. It makes human's job easier when solving more complex problems. We have developed and implemented a rotation invariant character recognition technique by extending the eigenface method previously presented in the literature. Our proposed approach treats each character as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that characters can be described by a small set of 2D characteristic views of different angles (0deg-360deg). Character images of different angles are projected onto a feature space ("eigen space") that best encodes the variation among known character images. The proposed system is based on principal component analysis which makes it efficient in learning and recognizing characters of different angle.