Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An embedded DRAM hybrid macro with auto signal management and enhanced-on-chip tester

Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) macros have been proposed as away to achieve the low power and wide bandwidth required by graphic controllers, network systems, and mobile systems. Currently, these applications require a reduction of design turn-around time (TAT) for the various specifications, as well as lower-voltage operation. Conventional eDRAM is generated by placement of hardware macros that are designed beforehand. The hardware macro restricts eDRAM specifications, and many hardware macros are necessary to support the demands of different customers. An eDRAM architecture that provides only the interface component as a software macro, i.e., hardware description language (HDL), has been recently reported. However, in this architecture, adjusting of control signal delays and differing control circuits are necessary for each memory configuration. The architecture reported here provides reduction of design TAT, more than 120 k eDRAM configurations, 1.2 V (100 MHz) to 1.8 V (200 MHz) operation, and a flexible interface. In addition, an enhanced on-chip tester tests the various eDRAM macros, reducing test time to 1/64 with a simultaneous 512 b I/O pass/failjudgment, and performs repair analysis at speed testing conditions.
P3D-1 Coherence-Based Adaptive Breast Imaging with Clinical Data

Sound-velocity inhomogeneities degrade both the spatial resolution and the contrast in diagnostic ultrasound. We previously proposed an adaptive imaging approach based on the coherence of the data received in the channels of a transducer array, and tested it on phantom data. In this study the approach was tested on clinical breast data, and compared with a correlation-based method that has been widely reported in the literature. The main limitations of the correlation-based method in ultrasonic breast imaging are the use of a near-field phase-screen model and the integration errors due to the lack of a 2D array. In contrast, the proposed coherence-based method adaptively weights each image pixel based on the coherence of the receive-channel data. It does not make any assumption about the source of the focusing errors and has been shown to be effective using 1D arrays. This study tested its in vivo performance using clinical breast data acquired by a programmable system with a 5 MHz, 128-channel linear array. Twenty-five cases (six fibroadenomas, ten carcinomas, six cysts, and three abscesses) were investigated. Relative to nonweighted imaging, the average improvements in the contrast ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio for the coherence-based method were 8.57 dB and 23.2%, respectively, whereas the corresponding improvements when using the correlation-based method were only 0.42 dB and 3.35%. In an investigated microcalcification case, the improvement in the contrast was 4.47 dB and the axial and lateral dimensions of the object were reduced from 0.39 to 0.32 mm and from 0.51 to 0.43 mm, respectively. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the coherence-based method for clinical ultrasonic breast imaging using 1D arrays
The quality effect on the profitability of US airline companies

This study was conducted to determine if quality had any effects on US airline economic performance. Therefore, four service quality indexes used in the US air transportation industry were included together with two economic performance indicators, passenger revenues and return on investment (ROI). Longitudinal data from the US airline companies from 2006 to 2015 were used to determine if airline activity or profitability increased when service quality improved. The results of this research demonstrated and confirmed the positive and significant influence of service quality on the ROI of US airline companies. Meanwhile, a non-significant effect was found for quality on airline passenger revenues. As none of the previous research studies have considered the four quality indexes altogether, the findings of this work could encourage airline companies to invest in quality, since this policy can have a positive consequence for their profitability.
Expression of interleukin‐15 in human skeletal muscle – effect of exercise and muscle fibre type composition

The cytokine interleukin‐15 (IL‐15) has been demonstrated to have anabolic effects in cell culture systems. We tested the hypothesis that IL‐15 is predominantly expressed by type 2 skeletal muscle fibres, and that resistance exercise regulates IL‐15 expression in muscle. Triceps brachii, vastus lateralis quadriceps and soleus muscle biopsies were obtained from normally physically active, healthy, young male volunteers (n= 14), because these muscles are characterized by having different fibre‐type compositions. In addition, healthy, normally physically active male subjects (n= 8) not involved in any kind of resistance exercise underwent a heavy resistance exercise protocol that stimulated the vastus lateralis muscle and biopsies were obtained from this muscle pre‐exercise as well as 6, 24 and 48 h post‐exercise. IL‐15 mRNA levels were twofold higher in the triceps (type 2 fibre dominance) compared with the soleus muscle (type 1 fibre dominance), but Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed that muscle IL‐15 protein content did not differ between triceps brachii, quadriceps and soleus muscles. Following resistance exercise, IL‐15 mRNA levels were up‐regulated twofold at 24 h of recovery without any changes in muscle IL‐15 protein content or plasma IL‐15 at any of the investigated time points. In conclusion, IL‐15 mRNA level is enhanced in skeletal muscles dominated by type 2 fibres and resistance exercise induces increased muscular IL‐15 mRNA levels. IL‐15 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle were not paralleled by similar changes in muscular IL‐15 protein expression suggesting that muscle IL‐15 may exist in a translationally inactive pool.
Production of an enhanced blended infrared and microwave sea surface temperature product

The simultaneous availability of infrared and passive microwave satellite sensors provides highly complementary information enabling the creation of improved all-weather, high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) products. Existing SST products from the infrared advanced very high resolution radiometer and TRMM microwave imager are blended to produce daily, pre-dawn, 0.25deg resolution SST grids representative of the temperature at 1-m depth. Complex spatial and temporal differences between the original products resulting from different retrieval errors and measurement times are first addressed using derived bias adjustments and diurnal warming corrections. The products are then combined using an optimal interpolation approach that accounts for differing uncertainties in the products. Evaluation of the resulting analyzed SSTs with buoy observations demonstrates that the bias corrections improve the accuracy of the products making them comparable to single-sensor products but with improved sampling. Diurnal corrections based on limited forcing data reduce bias in the analysis but add scatter, suggesting further improvements are required
Proceraea exoryxae sp. nov. (Annelida, Syllidae, Autolytinae), the first known polychaete miner tunneling into the tunic of an ascidian

While studying organisms living in association with the solitary tunicate Phallusia nigra (Ascidiacea, Ascidiidae) from a shallow fringing reef at Zeytouna Beach (Egyptian Red Sea), one of the collected ascidians showed peculiar perforations on its tunic. Once dissected, the perforations revealed to be the openings of a network of galleries excavated in the inner tunic (atrium) by at least six individuals of a polychaetous annelid. The worms belonged to the Autolytinae (Syllidae), a subfamily that is well known to include specialized predators and/or symbionts, mostly associated with cnidarians. The Red Sea worms are here described as Proceraea exoryxae sp. nov., which are anatomically distinguished by the combination of simple chaetae only in anterior chaetigers, and a unique trepan with 33 teeth in one outer ring where one large tooth alternates with one medium-sized tricuspid tooth, and one inner ring with small teeth located just behind the large teeth. Male and female epitokes were found together with atokous individuals within galleries. Proceraea exoryxae sp. nov. constitutes the first known miner in the Autolytinae and the second species in this taxon known to live symbiotically with ascidians. The implications of finding this specialized parasite are discussed considering that Phallusia nigra has been introduced worldwide, in tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, where it has the potential of becoming invasive.
Periodontal healing of replanted dog teeth stored in milk and egg albumen.

The type of storage medium used to store avulsed teeth prior to replantation has been shown to be a decisive factor in periodontal ligament (PDL) healing. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of storage medium on periodontal healing. Thirty teeth from three dogs were endodontically treated to prevent subsequent inflammatory root resorption. The teeth were atraumatically extracted and randomly stored in milk or egg albumen for 3, 6 and 10 h at 4 degrees C. All teeth were splinted for 1 weeks after replanting. After 2 months animals were sacrificed using vital perfusion-fixation and teeth were histologically prepared and evaluated following Andreasen's method. It was found that teeth stored in egg albumen for 6 and 10 h had significantly higher incident of PDL healing than those treated with milk for the same period (P < 0.05). The highest incidence of PDL healing was observed in teeth stored in egg albumen for 6 h. The least surface resorption was also evident in this group (P < 0.05). The result of this study shows that egg albumen is an excellent storage media for up to 10 h considering its likely availability at most accident sites.
Spatial Relationships among Three Columnar Systems in Cat Area 17

In the primary visual cortex, neurons with similar response properties are arranged in columns. As more and more columnar systems are discovered it becomes increasingly important to establish the rules that govern the geometric relationships between different columns. As a first step to examine this issue we investigated the spatial relationships between the orientation, ocular dominance, and spatial frequency domains in cat area 17. Using optical imaging of intrinsic signals we obtained high resolution maps for each of these stimulus features from the same cortical regions. We found clear relationships between orientation and ocular dominance columns: many iso-orientation lines intersected the borders between ocular dominance borders at right angles, and orientation singularities were concentrated in the center regions of the ocular dominance columns. Similar, albeit weaker geometric relationships were observed between the orientation and spatial frequency domains. The ocular dominance and spatial frequency maps were also found to be spatially related: there was a tendency for the low spatial frequency domains to avoid the border regions of the ocular dominance columns. This specific arrangement of the different columnar systems might ensure that all possible combinations of stimulus features are represented at least once in any given region of the visual cortex, thus avoiding the occurrence of functional blind spots for a particular stimulus attribute in the visual field.
Electronic management systems - efficient tools and inefficient implementation processes

Our study explores the relationship between Team Efficiency and the tool used for Electronic Document Management in collaborative projects. The purpose of the paper is to test the hypothesis that these tools can cause inefficiencies within the teams. The study is based on a survey conducted on students and employees and targets four areas which measures the efficiency of the used tool from an implementation perspective. Although we could not find a clear correlation between perceived team efficiency and the four targeted areas we found contradictions within the answers that imply that there exists inefficiencies when the tool is implemented. Therefore we believe that there might exist a hidden problem which, if corrected, will lead to increased overall team efficiency.
Concerning the influence of edge and corner feeds on the radiation fields of a square-loop antenna

A detailed formulation is presented for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, of expressions for the radiation fields of a square-loop antenna, solely in terms of azimuthal angular variable,φ. And with the method of moments solution of the problem so formulated, it becomes possible to model feed location of particular interest to the paper, through choice of values for that angular variable: φ = 0° corresponding to edge feed, and φ = 315°, corner feed. In addition to the analytical results, computational results are presented for the square-loop antenna backed by an infinite ground plane and in the absence of a backing conductor, for two different feed locations. These results suggest that in the absence of the backing structure, a beam-steering possibility is offered through choice of feed location for the square-loop antenna. A number of other interesting analytical and computational outcomes concerning the influence of edge and corner feeds on the antenna's far-zone performance features are described in the paper.
Psychiatric symptoms in adolescence as predictors of obesity in early adulthood: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the longitudinal relationship between psychopathology and obesity in young adulthood. METHODS More than 700 youth in a population-based sample were psychiatrically assessed in 1983 (mean age = 14 years) and 1992 (mean age = 22 years). Self-reported body mass index (BMI) in 1992 was regressed on measures of depression and conduct disorder as well as a set of covariates including indices of physical health, social class, intelligence, and cigarette and alcohol use. Associations were examined with BMI treated as a continuous variable and with a binary index of obesity derived from the BMI distribution in each gender. RESULTS BMI in young adults was positively related to a number of covariates. With all covariates controlled, BMI was inversely related to adult depressive symptoms in males but not females. BMI was positively related to adolescent symptoms of conduct disorder in both sexes. Similar associations were found between psychiatric symptoms and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Conduct disorder symptoms in adolescence predicted BMI and obesity in early adulthood. These associations remained after controlling for factors that can affect the association between psychopathology and obesity.
Regulation of self-renewing neural progenitors by FGF/ERK signaling controls formation of the inferior colliculus

The embryonic tectum displays an anteroposterior gradient in development and produces the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. Studies suggest that partition of the tectum is controlled by different strengths and durations of FGF signals originated from the so-called isthmic organizer at the mid/hindbrain junction; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that deleting Ptpn11, which links FGF with the ERK pathway, prevents inferior colliculus formation by depleting a previously uncharacterized stem cell zone. The stem-zone loss is attributed to shortening of S phase and acceleration of cell cycle exit and neurogenesis. Expression of a constitutively active Mek1 (Mek1DD), the known ERK activator, restores the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus without Ptpn11. By contrast, Mek1DD expression fails to rescue the tectal stem zone and the inferior colliculus in the absence of Fgf8 and the isthmic organizer, indicating that FGF and Mek1DD initiate qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinctive signaling. Together, our data show that the formation of the inferior colliculus relies on the provision of new cells from the tectal stem zone. Furthermore, distinctive ERK signaling mediates Fgf8 in the control of cell survival, tissue polarity and cytogenetic gradient during the development of the tectum. Summary: FGF/ERK signaling controls the formation of the mouse inferior colliculus by maintaining a neural progenitor zone and by regulating cell survival, polarity and specification.
Contribution of Recombination to the Evolution of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses Expressing Resistance to Antiretroviral Treatment

ABSTRACT Viral recombination has been postulated to play two roles in the development of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) resistance to antiretroviral drugs. First, recombination has the capacity to associate resistance mutations expressed by distinct viruses, thereby contributing to the development of viruses with improved drug resistance. In addition, recombination could preserve diversity in regions outside those subject to strong selective pressure. In this study, we sought direct evidence for the occurrence of these processes in vivo by evaluating clonal virus populations obtained from the same patient before and after a treatment change that, while unsuccessful in controlling viral replication, led to the emergence of viruses expressing a different profile of resistance mutations. Phylogenetic studies supported the conclusion that the genotype arising after the treatment change resulted from the emergence of recombinant viruses carrying previously existing resistance mutations in novel combinations, whereas alternative explanations, including convergent evolution, were not consistent with observed genotypic changes. Despite evidence for a strong loss of genetic diversity in genomic regions coding for the protease and reverse transcriptase, diversity in regions coding for Gag and envelope was considerably higher, and recombination between the emerging viruses expressing the new pattern of resistance mutations and viral quasispecies in the previously dominant population contributed to this preservation of diversity in the envelope gene. These findings emphasize that recombination can participate in the adaptation of HIV to changing selective pressure, both by generating novel combinations of resistance mutations and by maintaining diversity in genomic regions outside those implicated in a selective sweep.
Unequal error protection for S3AC coding based on expanding window fountain codes

This paper presents a coding scheme to improve the performance of three-dimensional (3D) audio. The scheme is designed by the idea of joint source channel coding (JSCC) and is implemented by Expanding Window Fountain (EWF) codes for the 3D audio bitstreams after source coding of spatial squeeze surround audio coding (S3AC). EWF is one of unequal error protection (UEP) LT codes and the proposed scheme is achieved by that method for the case of two levels. Different from other transmissions with equal error protection (EEP) for each part of bitstreams, when transmitting the two parts of the bitstreams with downmixed mono signals and spatial side information after S3AC coding, this approach provides more protection to the part of spatial side information and comparatively less protection to the downmixed mono signals, and results in the improvement of the performance of the reproduced 3D audio especially on the aspect of the spatial perception. Objective simulation experiment has shown the proposed UEP scheme achieves a better performance than the EEP scheme on the aspect of spatial perception, for the bits error rates (BER) of spatial parameters can decrease dramatically to a low value of about 10-4, but BERs of downmixed mono signals and the case of EEP just decrease slightly to about 10-3.
Concurrent production of interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and gamma interferon in the regional lymph nodes of mice with influenza pneumonia

Cytokine production has been assessed at the single-cell level (ELISPOT assay) for freshly isolated mediastinal lymph node cells from C57BL/6 mice with primary, nonfatal influenza pneumonia. The mediastinal lymph node populations were also secondarily stimulated in vitro, and culture supernatants were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Both approaches showed minimal evidence of protein secretion for interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor, while IL-2, IL-10, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were prominent throughout the response. The numbers of IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing cells were maximal at 7 days after infection, while the total counts for cells secreting IL-10 were fairly constant from day 3 to 7. The cultures that were stimulated with virus in vitro showed in inverse relationship between IL-10 and IFN-gamma production, with IL-10 peaking on day 3 and IFN-gamma peaking on day 7. Lymphocytes secreting IL-2, IL-10, and/or IFN-gamma were present in CD4+ and CD8+ populations separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, although the CD8+ T cells produced less cytokine and were at a relatively lower frequency. Addition of recombinant IL-10 to the virus-stimulated cultures decreased the amount of IFN-gamma that could be detected, while incorporation of a monoclonal antibody to IL-10 had the opposite effect. A neutralization experiment also indicated that IL-2 was the principal mediator of lymphocyte proliferation. These experiments thus show that the developing T-cell response in the regional lymph nodes of mice with influenza cannot be rigidly categorized on the basis of a TH1 or TH2 phenotype and suggest possible regulatory mechanisms.
Flag on the Play

This study examines the presence of journalistic antapologia (JA) in newspaper-reported sports apologies over a 5-year period (2010–2015). Results from this analysis offer a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape of JA in sports journalism, specifically, by rhetorically analyzing the kategoria and apologia that combine to trigger an antapologic response. A new presence categorization for JA is offered by examining the role enactment of adversarial journalism. This study furthers our knowledge of the rhetorical cycle and the ways in which apologetic rhetoric commingle in adversarial news reporting in sport-related social dramas.
CLAC: a novel Alzheimer amyloid plaque component derived from a transmembrane precursor, CLAC‐P/collagen type XXV

We raised monoclonal antibodies against senile plaque (SP) amyloid and obtained a clone 9D2, which labeled amyloid fibrils in SPs and reacted with ∼50/100 kDa polypeptides in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. We purified the 9D2 antigens and cloned a cDNA encoding its precursor, which was a novel type II transmembrane protein specifically expressed in neurons. This precursor harbored three collagen‐like Gly–X–Y repeat motifs and was partially homologous to collagen type XIII. Thus, we named the 9D2 antigen as CLAC (collagen‐like Alzheimer amyloid plaque component), and its precursor as CLAC‐P/collagen type XXV. The extracellular domain of CLAC‐P/collagen type XXV was secreted by furin convertase, and the N‐terminus of CLAC deposited in AD brains was pyroglutamate modified. Both secreted and membrane‐tethered forms of CLAC‐P/collagen type XXV specifically bound to fibrillized Aβ, implicating these proteins in β‐amyloidogenesis and neuronal degeneration in AD.