Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Das digitale ‚Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch (ReN)‘

Das ‚Referenzkorpus Mittelniederdeutsch / Niederrheinisch‘ (ReN) ist ein an den Universitäten Hamburg und Münster angesiedeltes Projekt.1 Es wurde im Jahr 2003 im Rahmen der früheren Initiative Deutsch-Diachron-Digital (DDD) konzipiert und Ende 2012 von der DFG für eine Laufzeit von zunächst drei Jahren bewilligt. Laut Projektantrag soll das Korpus insgesamt 180 Texte umfassen, davon 160 mittelniederdeutsche und 20 niederrheinische (kleverländische). Die angestrebte Korpusgröße beträgt bei 180 Texten und 20.000 Wortformen pro Text etwa 3,6 Mio. Wortformen. Die 160 ausgewählten niederdeutschen Texte sind auf die wichtigsten Schreibsprachlandschaften des Mittelniederdeutschen verteilt. Hierbei handelt es sich um das Nordniederdeutsche (Nordniedersächsisch, Ostelbisch, Baltisch), das Westfälische, das Ostfälische mit dem Elbostfälischen und das Südmärkische. Das Referenzkorpus erstreckt sich über den Zeitraum von ca. 1200 bis 1650. Bei seiner Erstellung kann auf Teile dreier in Münster bestehender digitaler Textkorpora zurückgegriffen werden. Die ausgewählten Teile der drei Korpora werden den im ReN-Projekt erarbeiteten Transkriptionsvorgaben in einem Arbeitsgang formal angeglichen. Bei den drei Korpora handelt es sich zum einen um das Korpus des ‚Atlas spätmittelalterlicher Schreibsprachen des niederdeutschen Altlandes und angrenzender Gebiete‘ (ASnA). Zum anderen können Texte aus dem Korpus des Projekts ‚Niederdeutsch in Westfalen (Historisches Digitales Textarchiv)‘ (NiW) verwendet werden. Aus dem Korpus des Projekts ‚Mittelniederdeutsch in Lübeck‘ (MiL) stehen weitere ausgewählte Texte zur Verfügung. Für die niederdeutsche Sprachgeschichtsforschung wird durch das Referenzkorpus-Projekt eine digital verfügbare, lemmatisierte und morphologisch annotierte Textbasis geschaffen, die ausgewählte Textzeugen aus allen Textbereichen in diachronischer und diatopischer Verteilung enthält.
Effect of motion artifacts and their correction on near-infrared spectroscopy oscillation data: a study in healthy subjects and stroke patients

Abstract. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy is prone to contamination by motion artifacts (MAs). Motion correction algorithms have previously been proposed and their respective performance compared for evoked brain activation studies. We study instead the effect of MAs on “oscillation” data which is at the basis of functional connectivity and autoregulation studies. We use as our metric of interest the interhemispheric correlation (IHC), the correlation coefficient between symmetrical time series of oxyhemoglobin oscillations. We show that increased motion content results in a decreased IHC. Using a set of motion-free data on which we add real MAs, we find that the best motion correction approach consists of discarding the segments of MAs following a careful approach to minimize the contamination due to band-pass filtering of data from “bad” segments spreading into adjacent “good” segments. Finally, we compare the IHC in a stroke group and in a healthy group that we artificially contaminated with the MA content of the stroke group, in order to avoid the confounding effect of increased motion incidence in the stroke patients. After motion correction, the IHC remains lower in the stroke group in the frequency band around 0.1 and 0.04 Hz, suggesting a physiological origin for the difference. We emphasize the importance of considering MAs as a confounding factor in oscillation-based functional near-infrared spectroscopy studies.
Conditional suicide system of Escherichia coli released into soil that uses the Bacillus subtilis sacB gene

The sacB gene from Bacillus subtilis confers sucrose sensitivity upon gram-negative bacteria. The gene was investigated for use as a potential conditional suicide system for Escherichia coli released into soil. To ensure against the loss of the cell death function encoded under nonselective conditions, the nptI-sacR-B suicide cassette was inserted into the E. coli chromosome by using a circular nonreplicative integration vector. Stability studies yielded no loss of the suicide cassette in the integrated E. coli EL1026 strain. sacB induction in the absence of a selective pressure resulted in a lysis efficiency of up to 99.9%. The microcosm experiments confirmed the ability of the suicide cassette to limit the growth and reduce the survival of E. coli strains released into soil. Sucrose addition to sterile soil resulted in a 10(-3)-fold reduction of the final E. coli population density. sacB induction prevented the proliferation and triggered the rapid disappearance of E. coli from natural soil. Mutation to sucrose tolerance occurred at a frequency of 10(-5), making E. coli EL1026 a potential counterselectable donor strain for gene transfer studies. Specificity and potential adaptability to a wide range of gram-negative bacteria are additional conveniences of this conditional suicide system for the containment and counterselection of engineered microorganisms.
Temporal Bisection in Humans with Longer Stimulus Durations

Normal adults were tested in eight temporal bisection conditions, using 500-Hz tones as stimuli. Stimulus lengths matched, or overlapped with, durations normally used in bisection experiments with animals, and chronometric counting was prevented by using a concurrent digit-shadowing task. Four experimental groups were used to investigate any effects of stimulus spacing, and stimuli were logarithmically or linearly spaced between standard “short” and “long” durations of 1 and 4, or 2 and 8 sec. A slight leftward shift of the psychophysical function was found in the logarithmic spacing condition, relative to linear spacing. Four other groups tested the conjecture that the ratio of the short and long standards might play some role in determining the location of the bisection point, and conditions with long/short ratios of 2: 1 and 5: 1 were used. In all cases the bisection point was close to the arithmetic mean of the short and long standards, rather than the geometric mean, as in animal studies. Overall, however, smaller long/short ratios (which may indicate more difficult temporal discriminations) produced more sensitive timing. When the long/short ratio was held constant, however, data showed nearly perfect superimposition, indicating conformity to scalar timing. In general, results were similar to those from experiments with humans that used much shorter durations, indicating the animal/human differences in bisection do not depend on the absolute lengths of the stimuli used.
Coordinated charging strategy of electric vehicle charging station based on combination of linear power flow and genetic algorithm

To reduce the negative effects caused by electric vehicles (EVs), this paper proposes a coordinated charging strategy for batteries in EV charging station. According to the charging characteristics of EV batteries, the strategy is established to minimize the sum of squares of the substation, which could consider the number of battery chargers, EVs' needs for batteries, power limit of EV charging and switching station and substation, node voltage and so on. By combining the method of power flow linearization and genetic algorithm, the optimal charging starting time of each battery can be obtained quickly, which could reduce the sum of squares and P-V difference of power grid. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed strategy are validated by a EV charging and switching station as a case.
Thyroid carcinoma after high‐dose external radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. Report of three cases

Three patients (two female and one male), who had received mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease eight, ten, and twelve years previously, developed papillary thyroid carcinoma. The radiation doses to the necks overlying the site of thyroid cancers were 3000, 4000, and 4100 rads, respectively, It has been stated that there is no risk of developing thyroid cancer with such high doses of external irradiation but apparently this complication will be encountered in a small number of patients.
Research on Knowledge Graph Application Technology

The development of the Internet has mainly gone through three stages. The first stage can be defined as the era of document interconnection. At this time, the main task of the Internet is to provide corresponding layout content for readers to read. The second stage can be defined as the era of data interconnection. Recently, the main task of the Internet provides an interaction that makes the user not only the reader of the web content, but also the maker of the web content [26]. The third stage can define the era of semantic interconnection, which pays more attention to the Internet. The creator and editor of network knowledge, the network truly becomes the user’s understanding and provider of needs. Knowledge graph’s ability is to understand its own strong semantics, as well as the openness and interconnectivity of the knowledge graph, makes the vision of the semantic connected era with circumstance as close as possible. The knowledge graph was first proposed in the project released by Google on May 17, 2012.Knowledge graph is not a new technical concept. As early as in 2006, [20], the concept of Semantic Web was mentioned. Nowadays, scholars began to call on the use of ontology model in data to express data implicit semantics. At present, intelligent information service applications are increasingly appearing in all aspects of technology and life, such as intelligent search, intelligent question and answer, personalized recommendation, and companies that have appeared in various fields and are in contact with consumers and users.
Accelerated life tests of a new optocoupler for aerospace application

The research activity presented in this paper deals with accelerated reliability tests on a new electronic device, which is an optocoupler designed and manufactured in Italy for aerospace application. In the paper a complete approach for the experimental evaluation of the device reliability performance is proposed. A reliability test plan was designed and implemented, considering the application of different thermal severities (maximum and minimum temperatures, dwell time and thermal rate). The description of the new device, the test plan and its implementation as well as preliminary results will be presented.
SIMULTANEOUS IDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF HYDROQUINONE, TRETINOIN AND BETAMETHASONE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS BY ISOCRATIC REVERSED PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

Objective: The objective of this study was to obtain a simple and selective analysis method for determination of hydroquinone, tretinoin and betamethasone in whitening creams using reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods: Reverse Phase HPLC was used for method development, validation studies, and sample analysis. The method was optimized by evaluating several parameters that affects extraction of the sample, composition and types of mobile phase and also flow rate. Chromatographic separation was optimized on a C18 column [Sunfire, 250 x 4.6 mm, 5µm] utilizing a mobile phase consisting acetonitrile, methanol (90:10 v/v) and slightly addition of glacial acetic acid to reach pH 5in the ratio of 30: 50:20 v/v at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min with UV detection at 270 nm and 350 nm. Results: The analytical methods fulfilled the validation requirements including accuracy, precision, linearity, selectivity, detection limits, and quantitation limits. The results showed the mean levels of hydroquinone, tretinoin and betamethasone in samples A and B were 1.78%; 0.07%; 0.12% and 2.00%; 0.07%; 0.13% respectively. Conclusion: The method was successfully applied for the determination of cosmetic formulation containing hydroquinone, tretinoin and betamethasone simultaneously. There were seven samples analyzed and two samples were positive containing hydroquinone, tretinoin, and betamethasone.
Reduction Techniques for Model Checking and Learning in MDPs

Omega-regular objectives in Markov decision processes (MDPs) reduce to reachability: find a policy which maximizes the probability of reaching a target set of states. Given an MDP, an initial distribution, and a target set of states, such a policy can be computed by most probabilistic model checking tools. If the MDP is only partially specified, i.e., some probabilities are unknown, then model-learning techniques can be used to statistically approximate the probabilities and enable the computation of the desired policy. For fully specified MDPs, reducing the size of the MDP translates into faster model checking; for partially specified MDPs, into faster learning. We provide reduction techniques that allow us to remove irrelevant transition probabilities: transition probabilities (known, or to be learned) that do not influence the maximal reachability probability. Among other applications, these reductions can be seen as a pre-processing of MDPs before model checking or as a way to reduce the number of experiments required to obtain a good approximation of an unknown MDP.
Adaptively Unified Semi-supervised Learning for Cross-Modal Retrieval

Motivated by the fact that both relevancy of class labels and unlabeled data can help to strengthen multi-modal correlation, this paper proposes a novel method for cross-modal retrieval. To make each sample moving to the direction of its relevant label while far away from that of its irrelevant ones, a novel dragging technique is fused into a unified linear regression model. By this way, not only the relation between embedded features and relevant class labels but also the relation between embedded features and irrelevant class labels can be exploited. Moreover, considering that some unlabeled data contain specific semantic information, a weighted regression model is designed to adaptively enlarge their contribution while weaken that of the unlabeled data with non-specific semantic information. Hence, unlabeled data can supply semantic information to enhance discriminant ability of classifier. Finally, we integrate the constraints into a joint minimization formulation and develop an efficient optimization algorithm to learn a discriminative common subspace for different modalities. Experimental results on Wiki, Pascal and NUS-WIDE datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods even when we set 20% samples without class labels.
Quadriceps Strength Asymmetry After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Alters Knee Joint Biomechanics and Functional Performance at Time of Return to Activity

Background: Quadriceps strength deficits are observed clinically after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction and are often not overcome despite rehabilitation. Given that quadriceps strength may be important for achieving symmetrical joint biomechanics and promoting long-term joint health, determining the magnitude of strength deficits that lead to altered mechanics is critical. Purpose: To determine if the magnitude of quadriceps strength asymmetry alters knee and hip biomechanical symmetry as well as functional performance and self-reported function. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 73 patients were tested at the time they were cleared for return to activity after ACL reconstruction. Quadriceps strength and activation, scores on the International Knee Documentation Committee form, the hop for distance test, and sagittal plane lower extremity biomechanics were recorded while patients completed a single-legged hop. Results: Patients with high and moderate quadriceps strength symmetry had larger central activation ratios as well as greater limb symmetry indices on the hop for distance compared with patients with low quadriceps strength symmetry (P < .05). Similarly, knee flexion angle and external moment symmetry were higher in the patients with high and moderate quadriceps symmetry compared with those with low symmetry (P < .05). Quadriceps strength was found to be associated with sagittal plane knee angle and moment symmetry (P < .05). Conclusion: Patients with low quadriceps strength displayed greater movement asymmetries at the knee in the sagittal plane. Quadriceps strength was related to movement asymmetries and functional performance. Rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction needs to focus on maximizing quadriceps strength, which likely will lead to more symmetrical knee biomechanics.
Influence of smoking on postpartum depression in Japan

Aim: To investigate the influence of smoking on postpartum depression. Methods: One thousand fifty-one women, in a rural city in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, prospectively fulfilled the selection criteria and completed self-reporting questionnaires on postnatal depression at 5-6 days, 1 month, 4 months, 7 months and 12 months after childbirth, using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and a life and social events scales including smoking habits. Results: Seven hundred seventy-seven women were non-smokers. Among two hundred seventy-four women who were smokers before becoming pregnant (26% of pregnant women), 241 women quit smoking during pregnancy and 33 women continued smoking. Smoking habits were significantly associated with sociopsychological states and we found that EPDS scores of smokers were significantly higher than EPDS of non-smokers. The EPDS scores of both non-smokers and smokers were higher at 5-6 days, but were stable from 1 month to 12 months, after childbirth. Fifty-one women who quit smoking after childbirth resumed smoking during he 1-12 month periods after childbirth. The EPDS scores of 51 women who resumed smoking were significantly reduced after they resumed smoking. Conclusion: The EPDS scores of smokers were higher than those of non-smokers and a smoking habit may help to alleviate postpartum depression.
Skewed-Load Transition Test: Part I, Calculus

A skewed-load transition test is a delay test where the second vector of the delay test pair is a one bit shift over the first vector in the pair. This situation occurs in principle when testing the combinational logic residing between scan chains. In the skewedload test protocol, in order not to disturb the logic initialized by the first vector of the delay test pair, the second vector of the pair (the one that launches the transition) is required to be the next (i.e. one bit-shift) pattern in the scan chain. This paper describes a calculus that allows one to compute the complete set of skewed-load transition test vectors. The calculus is capable of simultaneously computing both the first and second vector of the delay test pair. Probabilistic analysis of random pattern skewedload-based transition test is also discussed in this paper. We show how to extend both the ParkerMcCluskey algorithm and the cutting algorithm to compute detection probability of transition faults.
Molecular dynamics and functional studies define a hot spot of crystal contacts essential for PcTx 1 inhibition of acid-sensing ion channel 1 a

250 words; 45 references *Address for correspondence: Prof. Glenn F. King: Phone: +61 7 3346-2025; Email: glenn.king@imb.uq.edu.au, or Dr Lachlan D. Rash: Phone: +61 7 3346-2025; Email: l.rash@uq.edu.au.
Method for Selective Isolation of Mycobacteria Using Olive Oil Emulsified with SDS

This paper describes the demulsification of olive-oil/SDS emulsion (DOSE) method for selective isolation of environmental mycobacteria. A soil sample was suspended in olive oil and centrifuged. The supernatant was emulsified on plates together with SDS solution. After incubation, the colonies that had developed on the plates were surrounded by clear zones. The isolates were identified as genus Mycobacterium, and as belonging to a fast-growing group, by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
Extracting and parametrizing temporally coherent surfaces from particles

From pouring sauces to sudsy sink water to violent sewer rapids, realistic animation of fluids presented interesting challenges in Ratatouille. The various fluid effects were simulated either using a physically-based solver or directly with generic particle systems. Although the simulated particles move as a whole like a fluid, the number of particles was too small to give the appearance of a continuous surface if rendered directly. To address this, we developed a technique to efficiently extract temporally and spatially coherent surfaces from particles with parametrization that allows textural details to be later added in rendering.
The optimal bus voltage study for 12 V two-stage VR based on an accurate analytical loss model

Today's single stage VR directly converter 12 V input to around 1.3 V. The extremely small duty cycle dramatically impacts the performance and limits VR's switching frequency. In this paper, two-stage approach for 12 V VR (Yuancheng Ren, et al., 2004) is briefly introduced first. Compared with the conventional single stage approach, the two-stage approach shows much better performance at high frequency application. But, how to choose the bus voltage is still not clear. In order to identify the optimal bus voltage of two-stage approach, an accurate analytical loss model is built, which considers the parasitic inductors and the non-linear capacitors of the devices and shows much better accuracy than conventional loss model. Based on this model, many factors, such as the switching frequency, the devices, output voltage and parasitic components are investigated. The conclusion is that 5 V is the optimal bus voltage for high frequency application. A prototype is built to verify the analysis results.