Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE In an attempt to surmount the problem of retrospectively establishing the childhood diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the authors constructed the 61-item Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) for adults to use to describe their own childhood behavior. In this paper they present their initial data collection and evaluation of the instrument's validity. METHOD The scale was administered to 81 adult outpatients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 100 "normal" adults, and 70 psychiatric adult outpatients with unipolar depression. The authors analyzed data from the 25 items of the scale that showed the greatest difference between the patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the normal comparison subjects and the relationship between the WURS and the patients' parents' judgment of childhood activity as measured by the Parents' Rating Scale. RESULTS The patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had significantly higher mean scores on all 25 items than did the two comparison groups. The difference between the mean total scores of the patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the normal subjects was also highly significant. A cutoff score of 46 or higher correctly identified 86% of the patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 99% of the normal subjects, and 81% of the depressed subjects. Correlations obtained between WURS scores and Parents' Rating Scale scores were moderate but impressive. The ability of WURS scores to predict response to methylphenidate replicated the authors' finding regarding the ability of Parents' Rating Scale scores to predict response to pemoline. CONCLUSIONS The WURS is sensitive in identifying childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and may be useful in recognizing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in patients with ambiguous adult psychopathology.
The Himalayan rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.): spontaneous incidences of endpoints from prenatal developmental toxicity studies

The historical database represents the spontaneous, i.e. normal changes of characters, in laboratory animals, and is a must for the assessment of toxic effects of compounds. For the Himalayan rabbit (CHBB:HM, SPF) background data were collected from the control groups of regulatory studies between 1968-1999 in the Biberach laboratory of Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany). In the present study these data were compared with the background data from the years 1974-1984, with those from the Ingelheim laboratory, Germany (1977-1984) and those from the breeding colony at Kawanishi, Japan (1971-1991, 1972-1984). Fertility in the Biberach laboratory was relatively constant through the years, due to the strict breeding system. Litter parameters (corpora lutea, implantations and viable fetuses), including fetal sex distribution and fetal weight, were constant in the Biberach laboratory through the years and compared well with the data from Ingelheim and Kawanishi. From these three laboratories the results of spontaneous changes in fetal morphology above 0.1% incidence suggest a pattern of deviations from the Bauplan (fundamental body plan). These comprise synosteosis of sternebrae, lumbar (additional) ribs, hypoplasia of 12th rib, status of ossification, aplasia of gall bladder, hypoplasia of gall bladder, incompletely subdivided lung, dilated ventricle of heart, deviations at the A. carotis and at the aortic arch and flexure of paw. The absence of a time-dependent statistical trend indicates that the spontaneous change of endpoints remained constant through the time axis. Comparison with the spontaneously changed fetal morphology of the other strains (NZW, JW, SF rabbits) does not provide support for their being a totally strain-specific pattern, and this pattern may be closer to the species than specific to a single strain. The firm patterns of deviations in fetal morphology provide suitable and valuable markers for assessing toxic effects on ontogenesis. According to our experience these morphological endpoints react very sensitively to teratogenic compounds, which is demonstrated by increased incidences. Our knowledge of evolution of organisms and of mechanisms leading to morphological deviations points to a strict selection of phenotypes. For laboratory animals the decisive selection factors are defined by man. These are nutritive factors, environmental conditions, the mating system, handling and treatment, and experimental design. All these factors have to be held constant through the years, which is an absolute pre-condition for the application of valid historical data. The Himalayan rabbit is highly suitable for use in developmental toxicity studies due to the stability of reproductive data within the same laboratory over a period of more than 30 years, due to the similarity of reproductive data among three different laboratories, and due to an absence of relevant differences to the reproductive data of other rabbit strains.
On the Relationship between Confidentiality Measures: Entropy and Guesswork

More and more effort is being spent on security improvements in today's computer environments, with the aim to achieve an appropriate level of security. However, for small computing devices it might be necessary to reduce the computational cost imposed by security in order to gain reasonable performance and/or energy consumption. To accomplish this selective encryption can be used, which provides confidentiality by only encrypting chosen parts of the information. Previous work on selective encryption has chiefly focused on how to reduce the computational cost while still making the information perceptually secure, but not on how computationally secure the selectively encrypted information is. Despite the efforts made and due to the harsh nature of computer security, good quantitative assessment methods for computer security are still lacking. Inventing new ways of measuring security are therefore needed in order to better understand, assess, and improve the security of computer environments. Two proposed probabilistic quantitative security measures are entropy and guesswork. Entropy gives the average number of guesses in an optimal binary search attack, and guesswork gives the average number of guesses in an optimal linear search attack. In information theory, a considerable amount of research has been carried out on entropy and on entropy-based metrics. However, the same does not hold for guesswork.In this thesis, we evaluate the performance improvement when using the proposed generic selective encryption scheme. We also examine the confidentiality strength of selectively encrypted information by using and adopting entropy and guesswork. Moreover, since guesswork has been less theoretical investigated compared to entropy, we extend guesswork in several ways and investigate some of its behaviors.
Neutrophils Select Hypervirulent CovRS Mutants of M1T1 Group A Streptococcus during Subcutaneous Infection of Mice

ABSTRACT Pathogen mutants arise during infections. Mechanisms of selection for pathogen variants are poorly understood. We tested whether neutrophils select mutations in the two-component regulatory system CovRS of group A Streptococcus (GAS) during infection using the lack of production of the protease SpeB (SpeB activity negative [SpeBA−]) as a marker. Depletion of neutrophils by antibodies RB6-8C5 and 1A8 reduced the percentage of SpeBA− variants (SpeBA−%) recovered from mice infected with GAS strain MGAS2221 by >76%. Neutrophil recruitment and SpeBA−% among recovered GAS were reduced by 95% and 92%, respectively, in subcutaneous MGAS2221 infection of CXCR2−/− mice compared with control mice. In air sac infection with MGAS2221, levels of neutrophils and macrophages in lavage fluid were reduced by 49% and increased by 287%, respectively, in CXCR2−/− mice compared with control mice, implying that macrophages play an insignificant role in the reduction of selection for SpeBA− variants in CXCR2−/− mice. One randomly chosen SpeBA− mutant outcompeted MGAS2221 in normal mice but was outcompeted by MGAS2221 in neutropenic mice and had enhancements in expression of virulence factors, innate immune evasion, skin invasion, and virulence. This and nine other SpeBA− variants from a mouse all had nonsynonymous covRS mutations that resulted in the SpeBA− phenotype and enhanced expression of the CovRS-controlled secreted streptococcal esterase (SsE). Our findings are consistent with a model that neutrophils select spontaneous covRS mutations that maximize the potential of GAS to evade neutrophil responses, resulting in variants with enhanced survival and virulence. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the critical contribution of neutrophils to the selection of pathogen variants.
People and planes: Development of broadband EMC models of biological materials in aircraft

At microwave frequencies, an aircraft can be modelled as a multi-mode, reverberant EM environment. The presence of people on board will damp its resonances, thus lowering their Q-factors and increasing the propagation loss between two points. The relevant parameter is the mean absorption cross section of the body, which is of the order of one sixth of body surface area. For EM simulations of aircraft it is necessary to develop broadband numerical phantoms to represent the people on the aircraft. These should be at an appropriate level of detail somewhere between millimetre-resolution dosimetry phantoms and homogenous dielectric spheres.
Systems programming

https://catalog.olemiss. edu/2023/fall/undergraduate/engineering/computer-science/csci-323 Friday, November 11, 2022 at 7:37:36 pm CST Csci 323: Systems of Programming Computer & Information Science Study of a contemporary operating system and its set of tools from the perspective of software professionals and system administrators. The course analyzes the system components and their interactions, the tool environment, and system administration issues such as configuration, installation, networking, security, and performance tuning. 3 Credits Prerequisites Csci 112: Computer Science II ●
Targeting the anion exchanger 2 with specific peptides as a new therapeutic approach in B lymphoid neoplasms

Regulatory T (Treg) cells can weaken antitumor immune responses, and inhibition of their function appears to be a promising therapeutic approach in cancer patients. Mice with targeted deletion of the gene encoding the Cl−/HCO3− anion exchanger AE2 (also termed SLC4A2), a membrane-bound carrier involved in intracellular pH regulation, showed a progressive decrease in the number of Treg cells. We therefore challenged AE2 as a potential target for tumor therapy, and generated linear peptides designed to bind the third extracellular loop of AE2, which is crucial for its exchange activity. Peptide p17AE2 exhibited optimal interaction ability and indeed promoted apoptosis in mouse and human Treg cells, while activating effector T-cell function. Interestingly, this linear peptide also induced apoptosis in different types of human leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cell lines and primary malignant samples, while it showed only moderate effects on normal B lymphocytes. Finally, a macrocyclic AE2 targeting peptide exhibiting increased stability in vivo was effective in mice xenografted with B-cell lymphoma. These data suggest that targeting the anion exchanger AE2 with specific peptides may represent an effective therapeutic approach in B-cell malignancies.
The improvement of the parallel algorithm for randomization-based enrichment analysis

This work is motivated by algorithm that is used to analyze the multidimensional genetic data. This algorithm, called permutation test, is widely used as part of gene set enrichment analysis method. In this paper, the permutation test algorithm is considered. The dependence of the resampling test algorithm performance on the input data is studied. Several ways to improve the permutation test algorithm are proposed. The most effective way consisting in the reduction of number of iterations of the algorithm is implemented.
Implementation of a mobile robot for people following

This work presents the design and implementation of a mobile robot for people following. The mobile robot is moving with three omni-wheels which are driven by DC-motors; the control center is a notebook along with microprocessors BS2p and PIC16F84A. We use image processing technique to recognize the people (master) to be followed and fuzzy logic to control the moving of the mobile robot. Two infrared LEDs are tied in the back of the master and a camera is installed on the robot, then the robot can recognize the LEDs by the camera to “see” where its master is. Moreover, there is an infrared sensor on the top of the robot to estimate the distance between the master and the robot. There are two infrared sensors installed on the right-front and left-front of the robot to detect the obstacle on the way. Three omni-wheels are driven by motors and the motors are controlled by the fuzzy logic to achieve forward, backward moving, and turning. Based on the fuzzy controls on the motors with the aids of adequate sensors, the mobile robot can follow the master with fixed distance and avoid obstacle simultaneously. Finally, a practical experiment is given to demonstrate the performance of the robot.
Synthesis of Magnesium Borates from the Slurries of Magnesium Wastes by Microwave Energy

: In this research, it is aimed not only microwave synthesis of magnesium borates but also evaluation of magnesium wastes. Synthesis process can be described with the reaction of Mg wastes and boric acid using microwave energy. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) were applied to synthesized minerals. According to XRD results, magnesium borate hydrate mixtures were obtained as mcallisterite (pdf# = 01-070-1902, Mg2(B6O7(OH)6)2.9(H2O)) at higher crystallinity properties was achieved at the mole ratio raw material 1:1. Also, other kinds of magnesium borate hydrates were obtained at lower crystallinity such as admontite (pdf # = 01-076-0540, MgO(B2O3)3.7(H2O)), inderite (pdf # = 01-072-2308, 2MgO.3B2O3.15(H2O)) and magnesium borate hydrates (pdf # = 01-076-0539, MgO(B2O3)3.6(H2O)). FT-IR spectrums indicated that minor changes were seen at the band values of characteristic stretching in each experiment. At the end of experiments it is seen that using microwave energy may contribute positive effects to design of synthesis process such as reducing reaction time and products at higher crystallinity.
Micromachined GaAs MMIC-Based Spiral Inductors With Metal Shores and Patterned Ground Shields

This paper presents micromachined GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC)-based radio frequency (RF) planar spiral inductors with metal shores (MS) and patterned ground shields (PGS). The inductors are fabricated using a GaAs MMIC process without any additional step. MS and PGS are located and inserted between the planar spiral inductors and the GaAs substrate respectively for depressing substrate losses. To further improve its performance, the backside substrate of each inductor is processed to form the membrane structure by the via-hole etching technology. Based on the parameter extraction about a single-ended method, the characteristics of two-type RF spiral inductors (3.5- and 4.5-turn) are investigated. The measured quality factor (Q) of 4 nH on-chip spiral MMIC inductors (4.5-turn) with MS and PGS are 13 at 5.8 GHz and 14.2 at 6.6 GHz, respectively. Measurement results demonstrate that the effects of MS and PGS on the Q of MMIC inductors have resulted in the improvement of about 6% and 15%, respectively, and on the inductance and the metal losses are almost constant in interested frequencies. These improved inductors applied to GaAs MMIC-based passive lowpass filters reduce insertion losses of the filters.
What's in a Name? Some Reflections on the Sociology of Anonymity

To paraphrase Mark Twain, reports of either the recent death or coming dominance of anonymity have been greatly exaggerated. This article is a beginning effort to lay out some of the conceptual landscape needed to better understand anonymity and identifiability in contemporary life. I suggest seven types of identity knowledge, involving legal name, location, symbols linked and not linked back to these through intermediaries, distinctive appearance and behavior patterns, social categorization, and certification via knowledge or artifacts. I identify a number of major rationales and contexts for anonymity (free flow of communication, protection, experimentation) and identifiability (e.g., accountability, reciprocity, eligibility) and suggest a principle of truth in the nature of naming , which holds that those who use pseudonyms on the Internet in personal communications have an obligation to indicate they are doing so. I also suggest 13 procedural questions to guide the development and assessment of any in.
Subcutaneous and Intramuscular Hemodynamics and Oxygenation After Cold-Spray Application as Monitored by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

CONTEXT Vapocoolant spray, commonly known as cold spray (CS), is a cryotherapy modality used in sports medicine, athletic training, and rehabilitation settings. Proposed physiologic effects of cryotherapy modalities include reductions in tissue blood flow, oxygenation, and cell metabolism in addition to attenuation of pain perception attributed to reduced superficial nerve conduction velocity. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of CS on subcutaneous and intramuscular blood flow and oxygenation on the thigh muscle using near-infrared spectroscopy, an optical method to monitor changes in tissue oxygenated (O2Hb), deoxygenated (HHb), and total (tHb) hemoglobin. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Muscle Biophysics Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Participants were 13 healthy adults (8 men, 5 women; age = 37.4 ± 6 years, body mass index = 27.4 ± 2.6, adipose tissue thickness = 7.2 ± 1.8 mm). INTERVENTION(S) Conventional CS was applied to the vastus medialis muscles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Changes in chromophore concentrations of O2Hb, HHb, and tHb at superficial and deep layers were monitored for 5 minutes using a 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Thirty seconds after CS application, we observed a decrease from baseline in O2Hb and tHb only in the superficial layer that was maintained for 3 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Application of CS induced a transient change in blood flow and oxygenation of the superficial tissues with no change in deeper tissues over the healthy vastus medialis muscle. The limited physiologic effect of CS on the superficial hemodynamics and oxygenation of limb muscles may limit the therapeutic benefit of this cryotherapy modality to a temporary analgesic effect, a hypothesis that warrants a clinical trial on traumatized muscles.
Investigation of optimization-based reconstruction for intra-operative neurological imaging

Intra-operative C-arm cone-beam CT (CBCT) provides significant technical and workflow benefits for neurological interventions. Current C-arm CBCT employs FDK-type algorithms for image reconstruction, which require densely sampled projection data. This imaging practice incurs a large amount of radiation dose and prolonged scanning time. Yet, the reconstruction is susceptible to artifacts caused by both geometry and physical factors such as noise. In this work, we investigated and evaluated the adaptation of optimization-based reconstruction to C-arm-CBCT-based neurological imaging from full-and half-view patient data. The adaptation mainly entailed accurate incorporation of C-arm geometry and appropriate selection of algorithm parameters. The results show that optimization-based algorithms can yield images of effectively suppressed noise and shading artifacts, from half of the amount of data acquired in current clinical applications.
Les constructions allocentrées : une description sémantico-énonciative

Nous proposons dans ce travail une description semantico-enonciative detaillee des constructions allocentrees du type N1humain + expression emotionnelle + pour + N2humain (Je suis content pour toi), en tant que celles-ci rendent compte du potentiel intersubjectif du langage tout en mettant au jour les mecanismes qui facilitent sa realisation. Ces constructions concernent l’expression de quatre emotions notamment : la joie, la tristesse, la peur et la honte. L’etude des roles semantiques des deux noms humains est apparue comme determinante pour l’identification des contraintes determinant les constructions allocentrees. On a ainsi identifie des roles semantiques actualises (siege, tiers-actant) et des roles semantiques implicites ou inferentiels (stimulus, directement dependant de la situation). La fusion experientielle entre le siege et le tiers-actant apparait comme aleatoire dans l’ensemble, et negative dans le cas de la honte. Nous avons egalement pris en compte la pratique d’evaluation de la situation et l’impact des normes sociales, cruciales dans l’expression allocentree des emotions. L’analyse en termes d’evidentialite met au jour des contraintes sociales et culturelles se manifestant sous deux formes : le savoir et le devoir. Le schema semantique et les schemes d’intersubjectivation apparaissent ainsi comme directement lies, la possibilite de fusion siege-tiers-actant se rattachant a la modalite epistemique et produisant une intersubjectivation empathique, tandis que l’etancheite siege/tiers-actant s’ancre dans la modalite deontique et produit de l’intersubjectivation pragmatique. Les deux schemes peuvent cependant se rapprocher, le savoir culturellement partage etant aussi source de normes sociales.
Defective extracellular matrix reorganization by chronic wound fibroblasts is associated with alterations in TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-2 activity.

Chronic leg wounds are characterized by defective remodeling of the extracellular matrix, failure of reepithelialization, and prolonged inflammation. The hypothesis that this defective extracellular matrix remodeling is associated with phenotypic differences in the activity of the matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases was studied in chronic wound and patient-matched normal fibroblasts in three-dimensional collagen lattice systems. Chronic wound fibroblasts exhibited no differences in morphology or proliferation (p > 0.1) compared with patient-matched uninvolved dermal fibroblasts. The ability of chronic wound fibroblasts to reorganize extracellular matrix was significantly impaired, however, in comparison to the uninvolved dermal fibroblasts (p < 0.01). This difference in extracellular matrix reorganization was not related to differences in proliferation within the collagen lattices (p > 0.05) or attachment to type I collagen (p > 0.1). Marked differences were evident in matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity between chronic wound and patient-matched normal fibroblasts. Whereas levels of pro-matrix metalloproteinase-2 were similar between the two fibroblast populations (p > 0.1), the chronic wound fibroblasts exhibited significantly decreased levels of the 62 kDa active form of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (p < 0.01). Reverse zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that the decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was associated with increased production of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 by the chronic wound fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Increased production of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in chronic wound fibroblasts was also reflected in decreased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (p < 0.005). These data suggest that the impaired ability of chronic wound fibroblasts to reorganize extracellular matrix in vitro is related to decreased levels of active matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 resulting from increased production of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 and -2 by chronic wound fibroblasts. These findings provide a mechanism to explain the impaired cellular responses and extracellular matrix reorganization observed in chronic leg wounds in vivo.