Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of resistant starch in bread: processing, proximate composition and sensory quality of functional bread products from wheat flour and African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) flour

Application of resistant starch prepared from parkia flour was produced by replacement of wheat flour with 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30% and 40% Parkia flour. Processing, proximate composition, digestibility of resistant starch in bread and sensory quality were evaluated. Resistant starch was significantly (p < 0.05) increased as Parkia flour level increase in all breads. The resistant starch prepared from Parkia flour was 47.21%. However, wheat bread was 1.47% and Parkia bread 18.52% to 22.28% baked of (200℃ at 45 min) with 2.16% wheat bread and 31.74% to 35.05% Parkia bread baked of (130℃ at 90 min). Supplementation of wheat flour with Parkia flour 0 - 40% increased the crude protein content significantly (p < 0.05) from (7.89% - 15.68%), ash from (0.91% - 2.54%) and crude fiber (1.41% - 4.97%). Color of the bread treatments was remarkably affected by addition of different levels of Parkia flour. Therefore, Parkia flour could be added to wheat flour up to 15% without any observed detrimental effect on bread sensory properties. Sensory evaluation results indicated that bread with 5% to15% Parkia flour were rated the most acceptable and there was no significant difference in terms of acceptability compared to the control. This could be used to improve the nutritional quality of bread especially in developing countries were malnutrition is prevalent.
Novel mutation (K70E) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase confers decreased susceptibility to 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine in vitro

9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]adenine (PMEA), an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analog, is active against several retroviruses and herpesviruses and has shown anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in clinical trials. Serial passage of HIV type 1 (strain IIIb, in MT2 cells in increasing concentrations of PMEA resulted in viruses with > 12-fold increases in their 50% inhibitory concentrations of PMEA compared with that for strain IIIb. Sequence analyses of these PMEA-selected viruses demonstrated the presence of a novel lysine-to-glutamic acid mutation at amino acid 70 (K70E) in HIV reverse transcriptase. A recombinant virus carrying the K70E mutation was constructed and showed a 10-fold increase in its 50% inhibitory concentrations of PMEA and 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine but showed wild-type susceptibility levels to 2',3'-dideoxycytosine, 2',3'-dideoxyinosine,2',3'-didehydro-2'3'-dideoxythymidine, 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine, foscarnet, and two additional phosphonates, 9-[(R)-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine and 9-[2,5-dihydro-5-(phosphonomethoxy)-2-furanyl]adenine. Additionally, the K70E recombinant showed a minor reduction in growth kinetics compared with those of the wild-type virus in vitro.
Roles of histidines 154 and 189 and aspartate 139 in the active site of serine acetyltransferase from Haemophilus influenzae.

A crystal structure of serine acetyltransferase (SAT) with cysteine bound in the serine subsite of the active site shows that both H154 and H189 are within hydrogen-bonding distance to the cysteine thiol [Olsen, L. R. , Huang, B. , Vetting, M. W. , and Roderick, S. L. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 6013 -6019]. In addition, H154 is in an apparent dyad linkage with D139. The structure suggests that H154 is the most likely catalytic general base and that H189 and D139 may also play important roles during the catalytic reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to mutate each of these three residues to Asn, one at a time. The V1/Et value of all of the single mutant enzymes decreased, with the largest decrease (approximately 1240-fold) exhibited by the H154N mutant enzyme. Mutation of both histidines, H154N/H189N, gave a V1/Et approximately 23700-fold lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. An increase in K Ser was observed for the H189N, D139N, and H154N/H189N mutant enzymes, while the H154N mutant enzyme gave an 8-fold decrease in K Ser. For all three single mutant enzymes, V1/Et and V1/K Ser Et decrease at low pH and give a pKa of about 7, while the V1/Et of the double mutant enzyme was pH independent. The solvent deuterium kinetic isotope effects on V 1 and V1/K Ser decreased compared to wild type for the H154N mutant enzyme and increased for the H189N mutant enzyme but was about the same as that of wild type for D139N and H154N/H189N. Data suggest that H154, H189, and D139 play different catalytic roles for SAT. H154 likely serves as a general base, accepting a proton from the beta-hydroxyl of serine as the tetrahedral intermediate is formed upon nucleophilic attack on the thioester carbonyl of acetyl-CoA. However, activity is not completely lost upon elimination of H154, and thus, H189 may be able to serve as a backup general base at a lower efficiency compared to H154; it also aids in binding and orienting the serine substrate. Aspartate 139, in dyad linkage with H154, likely facilitates catalysis by increasing the basicity of H154.
Benchmarking Technique in Lean Manufacturing (5s) Practice

In today’s competitive market, low cost production and high quality product could assists manufacturers to win new and maintain their existing customers thus gain bigger market share. Manufacturing cost is one of the key dominant factors towards achieving business success. As such, manufacturing firms are struggling to produce product with lowest manufacturing cost while at the same time maintaining their product quality. Lean manufacturing practice could be applied to lower the manufacturing cost and benchmarking technique to ensure on the implementation effectiveness. A case study was conducted in a small and medium manufacturing firm located in China. One of the lean manufacturing tools, i.e. 5S system was implemented in the production line of the case study company. For future reference, the present situation was studied prior to the 5S system implementation. Later, the result of the study was benchmarked against before, after and the best in class manufacturer. A framework was developed to guide the user during implementing the 5S system. The benchmarking result shows significant improvement in productivity and lower manufacturing cost after implementing the 5S system. The implementation of 5S system had created more comfortable workspace to production workers, standard procedures and method to produce the product. Therefore, it can be concluded, the 5S system was able to help the production workers to implement the lean manufacturing and benchmarking technique more effectively to bring additional advantages in producing lower cost and high quality product, which eventually helps the company to gain better market share.
Optimal capacitor placement and sizing in distorted radial distribution systems part III: Numerical results

Shunt capacitor installation in distribution systems is very beneficial and requires optimal placement and sizing of theses capacitors. Due to the proliferation of electronic devices, more harmonics are being injected into distribution systems. Adding shunt capacitors may lead to high distortion levels. The capacitor placement and sizing problem is a nonlinear integer optimization problem, with locations and ratings of shunt capacitors being discrete values. The goal is to minimize the overall cost of the total real power loss and that of shunt capacitors while satisfying operating and power quality constraints. The paper proposes to solve the problem using particle swarm optimization (PSO). A discrete version of PSO is combined with a radial distribution power flow algorithm (RDPF) to form a hybrid PSO algorithm (HPSO). The former is employed as a global optimizer to find the global optimal solution, while the latter is used to calculate the objective function and to verify bus voltage limits. To include the presence of harmonics, the developed HPSO was integrated with a harmonic power flow algorithm (HPF). The proposed (HPSO-HPF) based approach is tested on an IEEE 13-bus radial distribution system (13-Bus-RDS). The findings clearly demonstrate the necessity of including harmonics in optimal capacitor placement and sizing to avoid any possible problems associated with harmonics.
The Work‐Up and Management of Patients with Apparent or Subclinical Cardiac Sarcoidosis: With Emphasis on the Associated Heart Rhythm Abnormalities

In patients with newly diagnosed AV block and/or ventricular tachycardia, cardiac sarcoidosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis. In addition to the pacemaker implant, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) should be selected for severe heart failure patients who have class III or IV heart failure, LVEF ≤35%, and a complete LBBB pattern. If the disease activity is high, corticosteroid therapy is recommended. Patients with extracardiac sarcoidosis need to be closely followed for potential cardiac involvement, as the mortality in sarcoidosis depends on cardiac involvement. Early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac sarcoidosis is essential. Positron emission tomography (PET) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered to have high sensitivity for cardiac involvement, and are the preferred imaging modalities. However, even in the era of new technology, such as PET and cardiac MRI, early diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis is still difficult.
Manufacture of a continuous triangle-waveform scanning magnet power supply used in industrial irradiation acceleration

There are many choices about output waveform as the magnetic field current of industrial irradiation accelerator scanning magnet power-supply. Continuous triangle waveform as the magnetic field current of scanning magnet can give good uniformity degree of irradiation in industrial radiation accelerator. This paper introduced the design of a scanning magnet power-supply used in a 10MeV industrial irradiation accelerator. The scanning magnet power-supply can produce continuous triangle waveform current. The frequency can be adjusted from 20Hz to 50Hz by step length of 1 Hz, and the peak-to-peak current is 20A. The principles of triangle waveform modulator, linear degree of triangle waveform, control system based on single-chip and its anti-jamming measures in industrial circumstance are presented. In conclusion, from both theoretical analysis and results of application, it's shown that the linear degree of scanning and the uniformity degree of radiation are better by choosing a continuous triangle waveform as the output waveform of the current of industrial irradiation accelerator scanning magnet power-supply.
The Lifted Matrix-Space Model for Semantic Composition

Tree-structured neural network architectures for sentence encoding draw inspiration from the approach to semantic composition generally seen in formal linguistics, and have shown empirical improvements over comparable sequence models by doing so. Moreover, adding multiplicative interaction terms to the composition functions in these models can yield significant further improvements. However, existing compositional approaches that adopt such a powerful composition function scale poorly, with parameter counts exploding as model dimension or vocabulary size grows. We introduce the Lifted Matrix-Space model, which uses a global transformation to map vector word embeddings to matrices, which can then be composed via an operation based on matrix-matrix multiplication. Its composition function effectively transmits a larger number of activations across layers with relatively few model parameters. We evaluate our model on the Stanford NLI corpus, the Multi-Genre NLI corpus, and the Stanford Sentiment Treebank and find that it consistently outperforms TreeLSTM (Tai et al., 2015), the previous best known composition function for tree-structured models.
Introduction: The extended psychosis phenotype--relationship with schizophrenia and with ultrahigh risk status for psychosis.

In clinical practice, psychotic disorders naturally come as diagnosable ‘‘things,’’ categories, the carriers of which form a diagnostic boundary below which reside the healthy noncarriers who do not display the mental phenomena observed in patients. In research, however, the focus is on scientific exploration of the distribution of experiences at all levels of severity in populations and its genetic and nongenetic causes. Population research has shown high rates of psychotic experiences in people who are not readily diagnosable according to ICD/DSM/ RDC criteria—suggesting an ‘‘extended psychosis phenotype,’’ which shares demographic, etiological, familial, and psychopathological factors with clinical psychotic disorder. In fact, affective dysregulation, psychotic experiences, motivational impairments, and cognitive alterationsappeartobedistributed andcoexpressedtoadegree in nonill individuals and have been shown to index risk for later onset of disorder, particularly if they tend to persist over time. 1 (also, R. J. L & J. v. O. , unpublished data,
Does ERM Improve Firm Value? Evidence from Listed Chinese Nonfinancial SOEs

Enterprise risk management (ERM) has gradually become a celebrated risk management practice by corporations in the U.S. and worldwide. However, evidence on the value of ERM was mostly from U.S. insurers and other financial institutions. We provide some of the first evidence for the value of ERM for nonfinancial firms and in the international markets, in the meanwhile arguably mitigating a number of sample-related biases commonly seen in this type of studies. Using a unique sample of listed Chinese nonfinancial State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) that were stipulated to implement ERM by a set of regulatory guidelines in 2006, we show that ERM significantly increases firm value. This result is robust after accounting for China’s unique institutional background and differences in firm characteristics between the ERM and the non-ERM firms. Our analysis using a sample of all listed Chinese nonfinancial firms provides similar results albeit slightly weaker effects.
Thymocyte subsets transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus

The infectious complex of Abelson murine leukemia virus was altered by replacing its usual helper virus, Moloney leukemia virus, with radiation leukemia virus (RadLV). After intrathymic injection of the Abelson-RadLV complex, thymomas arose rapidly, as described previously for injection of the Abelson-Moloney complex. Cell lines were derived from thymomas induced by each Abelson virus complex and were classified according to normal thymus cell phenotypes. Each virus complex induced some cell lines which were like a 0.7% subpopulation of murine thymocytes in that they failed to express the Thy-1 cell-surface antigen. These lines are thus far indistinguishable from some Abelson-derived bone marrow transformants classified as pre-B cells. However, the Abelson-Moloney complex induced some cell lines which expressed low levels of Thy-1 and which shared most markers with immature blast cells of the thymic medulla, whereas the Abelson-RadLV complex induced some lines which were clearly like thymic cortex blast cells. Thus, Abelson virus can induce thymoma cell lines of at least two, and possibly three, distinct phenotypes corresponding to normal thymocyte blast subsets, the determination of which can be influenced by helper virus sequences.
Type 2 diabetes and subsequent incidence of breast cancer in the Nurses' Health Study.

OBJECTIVE Hyperinsulinemia may promote mammary carcinogenesis. Insulin resistance has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer and is also characteristic of type 2 diabetes. We prospectively evaluated the association between type 2 diabetes and invasive breast cancer incidence in the Nurses' Health Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 116,488 female nurses who were 30-55 years old and free of cancer in 1976 were followed through 1996 for the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and through 1998 for incident invasive breast cancer, verified by medical records and pathology reports. RESULTS During 2.3 million person-years of follow-up, we identified 6,220 women with type 2 diabetes and 5,189 incident cases of invasive breast cancer. Women with type 2 diabetes had a modestly elevated incidence of breast cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.17; 95% CI 1.01-1.35) compared with women without diabetes, independent of age, obesity, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, reproductive factors, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. This association was apparent among postmenopausal women (1.16; 0.98-1.62) but not premenopausal women (0.83; 0.48-1.42). The association was predominant among women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (1.22; 1.01-1.47). CONCLUSIONS Women with type 2 diabetes may have a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.
Improved Scale Development in Marketing: An Empirical Illustration

The old adage of 'what gets measured gets done' is as true today as it was when it was first coined. Managers often see the value of hard numbers, as these are supposed to remove the problems associated with subjective judgement and the interpretation of qualitative data. That is why we today have balanced scorecards, quantified performance measures and marketing audits, as well as textbooks such as The Science of Decision Making (Denardo 2001) and Marketing Engineering (Lilien & Rangaswamy 2004).
Identification and Quantification of the Major Constituents in Egyptian Carob Extract by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Background: Carob - Ceratonia siliqua L. , commonly known as St John's-bread or locust bean, family Fabaceae - is one of the most useful native Mediterranean trees. There is no data about the chromatography methods performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for determining polyphenols in Egyptian carob pods. Objective: To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization (ESI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) methodology for the identification of the major constituents in Egyptian carob extract. Materials and Methods: HPLC with diode array detector and ESI-mass spectrometry (MS) was developed for the identification and quantification of phenolic acids, flavonoid glycosides, and aglycones in the methanolic extract of Egyptian C. siliqua. The MS and MSn data together with HPLC retention time of phenolic components allowed structural characterization of these compounds. Peak integration of ions in the MS scans had been used in the quantification technique. Results: A total of 36 compounds were tentatively identified. Twenty-six compounds were identified in the negative mode corresponding to 85.4% of plant dry weight, while ten compounds were identified in the positive mode representing 16.1% of plant dry weight, with the prevalence of flavonoids (75.4% of plant dry weight) predominantly represented by two methylapigenin-O-pentoside isomers (20.9 and 13.7% of plant dry weight). Conclusion: The identification of various compounds present in carob pods opens a new door to an increased understanding of the different health benefits brought about by the consumption of carob and its products.
Six days on the road

Purpose – This research aims to examine the stressors that professional truck drivers experience and the impact these stressors may have on road safety.Design/methodology/approach – Both quantitative and qualitative data gathered from 435 professional drivers measured attitudes and behaviors related to safety and compliance. Interviews with professional truck drivers provided an assessment of the stressors that they experience. The insights offered from these individuals were then integrated into a conceptual model. The model was tested via data collected through surveys administered to drivers using structural equation modeling.Findings – Results from the interviews, as well as the results from the survey administered to professional drivers, suggest that truck drivers experience severe time pressures. Such time pressures create stress which can lead to physical fatigue and emotional exhaustion. Further, both of these debilitating conditions are related to negative attitudes about safety compliance and t.
Caspase 8 expression and signaling in Fas injury–resistant human fetal astrocytes

Fas (APO‐1/CD95) is a cell surface receptor initially identified in lymphoid cells, but more recently detected in the central nervous system under pathological, usually inflammatory, conditions. In most Fas expressing cells, triggering of Fas by its ligand or by antagonistic antibodies leads to apoptosis. Human fetal astrocytes (HFA) constitutively express Fas yet are resistant to cell death following Fas ligation. In the current study, using dissociated cultures of human fetal central nervous system–derived cells, we attempted to identify a basis for HFA resistance to Fas‐mediated injury. We compared the components of the Fas signaling pathway of HFA to those of two human cell lines susceptible to Fas‐mediated injury, U251 glioma and Jurkat T‐cells. We found that HFA did not express caspase 8 (FLICE), the caspase primarily activated on Fas signaling. Although we could induce caspase 8 in HFA with the inflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNFα, HFA remained resistant to Fas‐mediated injury. Addition of inflammatory cytokines to the extracellular milieu also increased FLIP mRNA (FLICE inhibitory protein). Furthermore, upon triggering of cytokine‐treated cells with FasL, we observed upregulation of the cleavage product of FLIP (p43‐FLIP) previously shown to associate with the DISC and to block caspase 8 recruitment, thereby inhibiting Fas‐mediated death. Our findings indicate that caspase 8 and its regulators play a central role in determining the response to Fas ligation of HFA and support a role for Fas signaling in the developing central nervous system other than related to cytotoxicity. GLIA 33:217–224, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determinants of consumer‐driven healthcare

Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationships between consumer self‐confidence in health information search and health‐related outcomes (i.e. knowledge about cancer prevention, healthcare behavior, and use of the web as a primary source for health information). The associations between self‐confidence in health information search and its predictors (i.e. health literacy and trust in health information sources) are explored as well.Design/methodology/approach – This study used the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey data. Stepwise linear regression analyses, a logistic regression analysis, and stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses.Findings – The results from this study revealed that consumer self‐confidence in health information search appears to be linked with perceptions of health literacy and trust in information sources, particularly, trust in health professionals (e.g. doctors, healthcare professionals, government health agencies, family and friends.
The Disclose or Abstain Incentive to Issue Management Guidance

Prior research generally argues that managers issue management earnings forecasts (MFs) to secure capital market benefits (that is, to reduce information asymmetry between managers and investors to lower a firmâ€™s cost of capital), to reduce the firmâ€™s litigation costs, or to allow managers to trade opportunistically in their firmâ€™s stock. We discuss and test whether some MFs are issued because managers have an affirmative duty under Rule 10b-5 of the Securities Acts to disclose all material information or to abstain from trading in their firmâ€™s securities. Four sets of tests support our conjecture that managers issue some MFs to comply with their duty under Rule 10b-5. Since prior MF studies have typically ignored the alternative explanation that managers issue some MFs to comply with disclose or abstain obligations, the inferences drawn from such studies about managerial incentives to issue MFs likely overstate the economic significance of the variables used to capture capital market or opportunistic incentives for MF disclosure.