Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular classification of nonsmall cell lung cancer using a 4‐protein quantitative assay

The importance of definitive histological subclassification has increased as drug trials have shown benefit associated with histology in nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The acuity of this problem is further exacerbated by the use of minimally invasive cytology samples. Here we describe the development and validation of a 4‐protein classifier that differentiates primary lung adenocarcinomas (AC) from squamous cell carcinomas (SCC).
Business Process-based Requirements Modeling and Management

In this paper, we are emphasizing our perfect appreciation of using visualization means in requirements engineering as key success factor in any complex (software) development project. We are discussing our experiences with requirements engineering visualization, in the large part gained in the course of a three years multidisciplinary software development project in the insurance domain. A business process-based requirements modeling and management approach that has been developed and employed within this project is described. In order to overcome some process-related and tool integration issues to refine this approach, we investigated a recently released requirements engineering software of a prominent vendor. Experiences using this tool, tool integration for requirements engineering visualization, and suggestions for future research are discussed extensively.
Design of two-dimensional digital filters having monotonic amplitude-frequency responses using Darlington-type gyrator networks

This paper develops a design of two-dimensional (2- D) stable digital filters starting from Darlington-type gyrator networks and then applying the Generalized Bilinear transformation (GBT). The coefficients of the digital transfer function are obtained as functions of gyrator constant (g), in addition to the other impedances. Design examples are given to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed technique.
Translation and Replication of Human Rhinovirus Type 14 and Mengovirus in Xenopus Oocytes

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that Xenopus oocytes require coinjection of both poliovirus RNA and HeLa cell extracts to support a complete cycle of viral replication yielding high levels of infectious viral particles. This novel system provides a tool for identifying host factors and for biochemically dissect individual steps that lead to virus production. Here we demonstrate that Xenopus oocytes are able to support replication of other picornaviruses such as human rhinovirus 14 and mengovirus. Unlike poliovirus, microinjection of mengovirus RNA yields high viral titers (about 107PFU/oocyte) without the need for coinjection of additional cell extracts. In contrast, formation of infectious rhinovirus particles requires coinjection of human cell extracts. We found that one of these human factors is required for efficient rhinovirus translation. Our findings uncover differences in the host factor requirements among members of the picornavirus family and provide the means to identify the human protein(s) involved in rhinovirus production.
THE HUMAN LIFE VALUE: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

The human life value concept is one segment of the general theory of human capital. Depending upon the circumstances and the definitions used, the two may be considered to be one and the same concept. While this general area of inquiry has been under discussion and analysis for over four centuries, only in recent times has the interrelationship between human capital and life insurance been acknowledged. In the last fifty years the human life value concept has risen from an occasionally mentioned sales tool to the place of prominence which it now holds as the economic foundation of life insurance. Even so, most of the authors who have devoted attention to this topic have done so as a secondary matter, generally being interested in employing the results of their work to prove a specific point, with little time or effort being devoted to the theory behind the calculations. This article deals with the history of the human life value concept and with the history of the concept of human capital, which is closely related to it.
Social desirability bias in dietary self-report may compromise the validity of dietary intake measures.

BACKGROUND Self-report of dietary intake could be biased by social desirability or social approval thus affecting risk estimates in epidemiological studies. These constructs produce response set biases, which are evident when testing in domains characterized by easily recognizable correct or desirable responses. Given the social and psychological value ascribed to diet, assessment methodologies used most commonly in epidemiological studies are particularly vulnerable to these biases. METHODS Social desirability and social approval biases were tested by comparing nutrient scores derived from multiple 24-hour diet recalls (24HR) on seven randomly assigned days with those from two 7-day diet recalls (7DDR) (similar in some respects to commonly used food frequency questionnaires), one administered at the beginning of the test period (pre) and one at the end (post). Statistical analysis included correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, no relationships between social approval score and the nutritional variables existed. Social desirability score was negatively correlated with most nutritional variables. In linear regression analysis, social desirability score produced a large downward bias in nutrient estimation in the 7DDR relative to the 24HR. For total energy, this bias equalled about 50 kcal/point on the social desirability scale or about 450 kcal over its interquartile range. The bias was approximately twice as large for women as for men and only about half as large in the post measures. Individuals having the highest 24HR-derived fat and total energy intake scores had the largest downward bias due to social desirability. CONCLUSIONS We observed a large downward bias in reporting food intake related to social desirability score. These results are consistent with the theoretical constructs on which the hypothesis is based. The effect of social desirability bias is discussed in terms of its influence on epidemiological estimates of effect. Suggestions are made for future work aimed at improving dietary assessment methodologies and adjusting risk estimates for this bias.
Structural and energetic basis of isopropylmalate dehydrogenase enzyme catalysis

The three‐dimensional structure of the enzyme 3‐isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from the bacterium Thermus thermophilus in complex with Mn2+, its substrate isopropylmalate and its co‐factor product NADH at 2.0 Å resolution features a fully closed conformation of the enzyme. Upon closure of the two domains, the substrate and the co‐factor are brought into precise relative orientation and close proximity, with a distance between the C2 atom of the substrate and the C4N atom of the pyridine ring of the co‐factor of approximately 3.0 Å. The structure further shows binding of a K+ ion close to the active site, and provides an explanation for its known activating effect. Hence, this structure is an excellent mimic for the enzymatically competent complex. Using high‐level QM/MM calculations, it may be demonstrated that, in the observed arrangement of the reactants, transfer of a hydride from the C2 atom of 3‐isopropylmalate to the C4N atom of the pyridine ring of NAD+ is easily possible, with an activation energy of approximately 15 kcal·mol−1. The activation energy increases by approximately 4–6 kcal·mol−1 when the K+ ion is omitted from the calculations. In the most plausible scenario, prior to hydride transfer the ε‐amino group of Lys185 acts as a general base in the reaction, aiding the deprotonation reaction of 3‐isopropylmalate prior to hydride transfer by employing a low‐barrier proton shuttle mechanism involving a water molecule.
Change in direct measures of physical performance among persons with Alzheimer's disease

Objectives: Measures of physical performance were used in intact and community populations. We examined upper and lower extremity physical performance tests among people with Alzheimer's disease. Method: A total of 367 persons with probable Alzheimer's disease, recruited from an Alzheimer's disease diagnostic center, were given three tests of lower extremity function and two tests of upper extremity function at 6 month intervals for up to 4 years. Gender, race, age and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score at baseline were used to predict subsequent decline in composite scores of lower and upper extremity function. Results: At baseline, older age and lower MMSE scores were associated with lower scores on both lower and upper extremity function. Males performed better at baseline on lower extremity tests only. For each point higher on MMSE, a person declined 0.023 Standard Unit (SU) less per year (p = 0.0001) on lower extremity tests and declined 0.019 SU less per year (p < 0.0001) on upper extremity tests. Conclusion: Physical performance was measured across a range of disease severities and declined over time. Lower cognitive score at baseline predicted faster decline in both lower and upper extremity function. Demographic heterogeneity in decline suggests other predictors may identify factors protective against physical decline.
Circulatory strain, estimated energy output and catecholamine excretion in Norwegian coastal fishermen.

Abstract Circulatory strain and energy output were determined in 24 Norwegian coastal fishermen during a total of 35 work-days by indirect assessment based on computerized analysis of the continuously recorded heart rate by portable tape recorders. Urinary excretion of catecholamines was assayed as an index of stress response. The average, estimated energy expenditure of all activities on board during the whole day amounted to the equivalent of 0·9–1·11/min oxygen uptake and corresponded to 34–39% of the fishermen's maximal aerobic power with occasional peaks up to 80%. The heart rate exceeded 50% of the fishermen's heart rate reserve for 9–23% of the observation periods. The most strenuous activities were pulling in the seine with a power block (oxygen uptake up to 2·7 1/min) and unloading the catch, taxing the subjects by more than 50% of their maximal aerobic power for two-thirds of the duration of these activities. Continuous monitoring of the heart rate revealed the intermittent character of practica.
Measurement of Low Gas Concentrations Using Photonic Bandgap Fiber Cell

In this paper, we present a novel low-loss splice for use between the photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) and the conventional solid-core fiber to make PBGFs more functional. Furthermore, the hollow-core and the holes in the cladding of PBGF act as gas pipes. Using the proposed splice, a measurement system for low gas concentrations based on the PBGF cell has been developed and implemented. Experiments for measuring ammonia (NH3) gas at the ppm level were performed. The basic peak agreed well with the database of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), meaning that this method can be used to accurately and effectively measure gas concentration. The constructed gas cells are compact and cost-effective for sensitive, rapid, and continuous measurement of gases.
TRAIL receptor agonist conatumumab with modified FOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab for first‐line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

In patients with previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), we conducted a phase 1b/randomized phase 2 trial to define the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab (mFOLFOX6/bev) with conatumumab, an investigational, fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that specifically activates death receptor 5 (DR5).
Dissociative Experiences are Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-clinical Sample: A Latent Profile Analysis.

INTRODUCTION There has been a burgeoning literature considering the significant associations between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative experiences. In this study, the relationsips between dissociative symtomotology and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were examined in homogeneous sub-groups obtained with latent class algorithm in an undergraduate Turkish sample. METHOD Latent profile analysis, a recently developed classification method based on latent class analysis, was applied to the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) item-response data from 2976 undergraduates. Differences in severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety and depression across groups were evaluated by running multinomial logistic regression analyses. Associations between latent class probabilities and psychological variables in terms of obsessive-compulsive sub-types, anxiety, and depression were assessed by computing Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients. RESULTS The findings of the latent profile analysis supported further evidence for discontinuity model of dissociative experiences. The analysis empirically justified the distinction among three sub-groups based on the DES items. A marked proportion of the sample (42%) was assigned to the high dissociative class. In the further analyses, all sub-types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly differed across latent classes. Regarding the relationships between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative symptomatology, low dissociation appeared to be a buffering factor dealing with obsessive-compulsive symptoms; whereas high dissociation appeared to be significantly associated with high levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the concept of dissociation can be best understood in a typological approach that dissociative symptomatology not only exacerbates obsessive-compulsive symptoms but also serves as an adaptive coping mechanism.
Assessment of the Temporomandibular Joint Function in Young Adults without Complaints from the Masticatory System

Objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical status of the masticatory system in young adults with full permanent dentition and no stomatognathic system complaints. The study involved 186 randomly selected people with full dental arches with normal occlusal conditions corresponding to Angle's Class I aged 18 - 21 years with an average age of 19 years. Subjects were clinically examined and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) vibrations were recorded during open-wide and close movements using BioJVA. Then, patients were categorized into groups according to Piper's classification system. The TMJs of the subjects were categorized according to the values of the vibration energy and the Piper protocol. This detected 33.4% of the joints with loosened ligaments, subluxation in 8.28%, initial signs of disc dysfunction in 5.08% and disc displacement without locking in 1.6 %. Median frequency differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the group of subjects with initial signs of TMJ dysfunction and other groups. Peak Frequency differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the healthy joints and those with TMJ subluxation. In this group of young healthy people, the majority of study joints generated small vibrations. However, a subset of people manifested higher vibrations that may indicate an early stage of TMJ dysfunction. Median Frequency was an important parameter for detecting initial symptoms of TMJ dysfunction. Peak Frequency was an important characteristic parameter for detecting TMJ subluxation.
CEO Emotional Intelligence and Board of Directors Efficiency

This article deals with the relationship existing between the emotional aspect and decisionmaking processes. More specifically, it examines the links between emotional intelligence, decision biases and effectiveness of the governance mechanisms. The primary purposes of this article are to: consider emotional intelligence like new research ideas that make important contributions to society; offer suggestions for improving manuscripts submitted to the journal; and discuss methods for enhancing the validity of inferences made from research. The article explains that the main cause of organization’s problems is CEO emotional intelligence level. I will use three models (linear regression and logistic binary regression) to examine this correlation: each model treats the relationship between emotional intelligence and one of efficiency criteria of the board. Emotional intelligence has been measured according to the Schutte self-report emotional intelligence scale with a high internal validity level. Regarding the four cognitive biases, they have been measured by means of a questionnaire comprising several items. As for the selected sample, it comprises of some one hundred and eighty Tunisian executives, belonging to sixty firms. Our results have revealed that the presence of a high emotional intelligence rate is not always positively correlated with the executives’ suggestibility with respect to behavioral biases. They have also affirmed the existence of a complementarity relationship between emotional intelligence and the board of directors.
The expression of methyl CpG binding factor MeCP2 correlates with cellular differentiation in the developing rat brain and in cultured cells.

Mutations in the MeCP2 gene cause Rett syndrome, a neurologic condition affecting primarily young girls. To gain insight into the normal function of MeCP2, we examined its temporal and spatial expression patterns, and immunoreactive prevalence, during late embryonic and perinatal brain development. MeCP2 mRNA was detected in most regions of the developing rat brain by the late embryonic stage. Regions displaying the strongest mRNA expression include the hippocampus, cortex, and cerebellum, and moderate expression was observed in most other brain regions. At the protein level, MeCP2 was strongly expressed in adult forebrain neurons, but was not detected in astrocytes. The nonubiquitous expression of MeCP2 was also observed in the embryonic cortex, as about one-third of acutely dissociated embryonic day 14 neuroepithelial cells failed to stain with MeCP2. To test whether MeCP2 expression correlates with neuronal differentiation, colocalization of MeCP2 expression with either the precursor cell marker nestin or the young neuronal marker beta-III tubulin was examined in the same acutely dissociated cortical cells. Although strong MeCP2 expression was detected in approximately 75% of beta-III tubulin-positive cells, only about 25% of nestin-positive precursor cells were MeCP2 positive. Further support for a correlation of MeCP2 expression with cell differentiation was observed in culture, where Western blot analysis during the in vitro differentiation of PC12, NG108-15, and SH-SY5Y cells revealed that MeCP2 levels increased as the cells acquired a more differentiated phenotype. This increase was associated with differentiation, as MeCP2 expression levels did not vary within different phases of the cell cycle. Taken together, these data support a role for MeCP2 in the establishment and/or maintenance of neuronal maturity.
Clifford circuit amplitudes by the sum-over-paths technique

By the Gottesman-Knill Theorem, the outcome probabilities of Clifford circuits can be computed efficiently. We present an alternative proof of this result for quopit Clifford circuits (i.e., Clifford circuits on collections of p-level systems, where p is an odd prime) using Feynman’s sum-over-paths technique, which allows the amplitudes of arbitrary quantum circuits to be expressed in terms of a weighted sum over computational paths. For a general quantum circuit, the sum over paths contains an exponential number of terms, and no efficient classical algorithm is known that can compute the sum. For quopit Clifford circuits, however, we show that the sum over paths takes a special form: it can be expressed as a product of Weil sums with quadratic polynomials, which can be computed efficiently. This provides a method for computing the outcome probabilities and amplitudes of such circuits efficiently, and is an application of the circuit-polynomial correspondence which relates quantum circuits to low-degree polynomials.
Lower levels of inequality are linked with greater innovation in economies

Can countries be both economically efficient and have equal societies? Conventional wisdom suggests that this is not the case. Jonathan Hopkin, Victor Lapuente and Lovisa Moller take a close look at the empirical evidence. They find that the less unequal a country is, the more likely it is to be innovative. They argue that, while the US is a powerful force for innovation, whilst having high levels of inequality, other countries with much lower inequality levels are also high performers in innovation.
Treatment Options for Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome

Purpose To review clinical and laboratory findings that will enhance nurse practitioner (NP) recognition of the metabolic syndrome and to increase awareness of recent treatment guidelines and treatment options. Data Sources Professional association practice guidelines, government documents, original research articles, and journal articles. Conclusions The metabolic syndrome is a prevalent condition characterized by a cluster of lipid and nonlipid abnormalities, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Many persons with this syndrome are also insulin resistant. Prompt recognition and treatment of the metabolic syndrome can prevent or delay the development of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. Clinical guidelines recommend treating the metabolic syndrome as a secondary target of lipid‐lowering therapy after addressing the primary target, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Implications for Practice NPs are in an instrumental position to manage treatment for patients with the metabolic syndrome by (a) evaluating risk factors, including abdominal obesity, physical inactivity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood glucose; (b) assisting in the modification of lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise; (c) implementing pharmacological therapy when needed; and (d) providing psychosocial support to encourage therapeutic adherence.
Near-Field Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Imaging With Compressive Sensing

Phased array technology allows for fast electronic beam steering with high antenna gain for radar imaging systems. Currently, common algorithms mainly concentrate on scenarios where targets are in the far-field zone; however, the beamforming performance will be impaired in the near-field zone. This paper presents a compressive sensing (CS)-based phased array imaging method for near-field applications. A novel data acquisition methodology has been proposed on the basis of near-field focusing techniques. CS measurements are taken by randomly focusing beams in the near-field region. When compared with the far-field imaging approach, the proposed method shows superior performance in the presence of noise and background interference. Moreover, the near-field method can better minimize the grating lobe issues caused by using large antenna element spacing. Finally, we show that the resolving power of CS imaging systems can be affected by target sparsity.