Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiphase Power Converter Drive for Fault-Tolerant Machine Development in Aerospace Applications

This paper describes an experimental tool to evaluate and support the development of fault-tolerant machines designed for aerospace motor drives. Aerospace applications involve essentially safety-critical systems which should be able to overcome hardware or software faults and therefore need to be fault tolerant. A way of achieving this is to introduce variable degrees of redundancy into the system by duplicating one or all of the operations within the system itself. Looking at motor drives, multiphase machines, such as multiphase brushless dc machines, are considered to be good candidates in the design of fault-tolerant aerospace motor drives. This paper introduces a multiphase two-level inverter using a flexible and reliable field-programmable gate-array/digital-signal-processor controller for data acquisition, motor control, and fault monitoring to study the fault tolerance of such systems.
De‐internationalisation and global strategy: the case of British Telecommunications (BT)

Purpose – The paper aims to examine the process of de‐internationalisation through an analysis of British Telecommunications' (BT's) experience. There is – to date – little research upon de‐internationalisation, this paper aims to contribute to the debate through assessing how businesses with a strong domestic position would respond to a turbulent commercial environment.Design/methodology/approach – The key research issue is addressed in the paper via the use of a single case study.Findings – The paper finds that BT, throughout the 1990s, developed an aggressive global strategy. However, by the 1990s, BT was in a process of retreat. This failure was influenced by the form and nature with which this strategy was executed, which resulted in a declining commitment to an aggressive global strategy. With the failure of the global strategy, BT reverted to a more defensive corporate strategy.Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution through adding to an emerging debate on the form and nature of de‐inter.
Suspension microlaryngoscopic surgery and indirect microlaryngostroboscopic surgery for benign lesions of the vocal folds

Abstract A prospective study was designed to compare the effects on voice capacities after either suspension microlaryngoscopic surgery or indirect microlaryngostroboscopic surgery. Patients where the clinical diagnosis 'dysphonia due to a benign lesion of the vocal fold' was made, and who could be operated in either way, entered the study. Post-operative voice evaluation was performed on 21 patients after suspension microlaryngoscopic or indirect microlaryngostroboscopic surgery. The long-term voice results following indirect microlaryngostroboscopic surgery and suspension microlaryngoscopic surgery demonstrate a statistically significant improvement for the maximum intensity, maximum dynamic intensity range, dynamic intensity range at habitual speaking pitch, and melodic pitch range. In selected cases indirect microlaryngostroboscopic surgery offers a very good functional result.
An improved WiFi indoor localization method combining channel state information and received signal strength

WiFi indoor localization has attracted much attention owing to the pervasive penetration of wireless local area networks (WLANs) and WiFi enabled mobile devices. Traditional WiFi indoor localization systems rely on received signal strength (RSS), which is instability and low space distinguish ability. Recently, channel state information (CSI) has been adopted instead of RSS and proven to be an efficient method. However, CSI raw data is sensitive to environment change. In this paper, we propose an improved WiFi indoor localization system combining CSI and RSS. Firstly, this study applies a time domain filtering method to reduce CSI data dynamic range. Then, we use the coherence bandwidth for CSI dimensional reduction. Afterwards, we extract a robust positioning feature from CSI and RSS. Finally, an improved weighted k-nearest neighbor algorithm based on kernel methods is used to estimate the location. The experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Inductive Learning Algorithms for Complex Systems Modeling

Inductive Learning Algorithms for complex Systems Modeling is a professional monograph that surveys new types of learning algorithms for modelling complex scientific systems in science and engineering. The book features discussions of algorithm development, structure, and behaviour; comprehensive coverage of all types of algorithms useful for this subject; and applications of various modelling activities (eg environmental systems, noise immunity, economic systems, clusterisation, and neural networks). It presents recent studies on clusterisation and recognition problems, and includes listings of algorithms in FORTRAN that can be run directly on IBM-compatible
Population structure of Pyrenophora teres , the causal

Barley, Hordeum vulgare L. , is the most important crop in Finland based on cultivated land area. Net blotch, a disease caused by Pyrenophora teres Drech. , is the most damaging disease of barley in Finland but is also important in other barley cultivating areas. The pressure to improve the economics and efficiency of agriculture has increased the need for more efficient plant protection methods. Development of durable host-plant resistance to net blotch is a promising possibility. However, deployment of disease resistant crops could initiate selection pressure on the pathogen (P. teres) population. The aim of this study was to understand the population biology of P. teres and to estimate the evolutionary potential of P. teres under selective pressure following deployment of resistance genes and application of fungicides. The study included mainly Finnish P. teres isolates, but population samples from Russia and Australia were also included. Using AFLP markers substantial genotypic variation in P. teres populations was identified among only a few clones. Differences among isolates were least within Finnish fields and significantly higher in Krasnodar, Russia. Genetic differentiation was identified among several populations from northern Europe and from Australia, and between the two forms of P. teres, spot and net type, in Australia. Differentiation among populations was also identified based on virulence (capacity to infect a particular host genotype) between Finnish and Russian populations, and based on prochloraz (fungicide) tolerance in barley fields in the Häme region in Finland. In contrast to previous surveys, the Finnish P. teres populations comprised only P. teres f. teres (net form of net blotch), which was also recovered from Russia, whereas both forms (net and spot: P. teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata) were found within several fields in Australia. Surprisingly, both mating types were equally common in all but the Krasnodar population. This finding supported the assumptions of sexual reproduction of P. teres in those areas. In conclusion, P. teres populations are differentiated at several levels. Human assistance in dispersal of P. teres on infected barley seed might decrease the differentiation, which would increase plant protection problems caused by this pathogen. P. teres is capable of sexual reproduction in several areas. Based on these findings it is apparent that P. teres has the potential to pose more serious problems in barley cultivation if plant protection is neglected. Therefore, good
High-order harmonic generation in laser-produced ions using a near-infrared laser.

We describe experimental studies of high-order harmonic generation in rare-gas-like Na+ and K+ ions. The ions were created in a laser-produced plasma and the harmonics were generated with a short- pulse, high-power, titanium-sapphire laser operating at 794 nm. The highest harmonic order observed was the 27th {29. 4 nm), while much higher harmonic orders were observed in a jet of neutral Ne gas un- der similar conditions. Pronounced ring structures were observed in the harmonic far-field distribution and these structures varied with focusing condition. The cutoff in the harmonic spectra at high orders may be due to ionization-induced defocusing of the fundamental laser beam. Calculations illustrating how this effect reduces the peak intensity obtained in the plasma compared with the intensity obtained in the Ne gas are presented.
Review of reactive power dispatch strategies for loss minimization in a DFIG-based wind farm

This paper reviews and compares the performance of reactive power dispatch strategies for the loss minimization of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Wind Farms (WFs). Twelve possible combinations of three WF level reactive power dispatch strategies and four Wind Turbine (WT) level reactive power control strategies are investigated. All of the combined strategies are formulated based on the comprehensive loss models of WFs, including the loss models of DFIGs, converters, filters, transformers, and cables of the collection system. Optimization problems are solved by a Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of these strategies is evaluated by simulations on a carefully designed WF under a series of cases with different wind speeds and reactive power requirements of the WF. The wind speed at each WT inside the WF is calculated using the Jensen wake model. The results show that the best reactive power dispatch strategy for loss minimization comes when the WF level strategy and WT level control are coordinated and the losses from each device in the WF are considered in the objective.
The provision of delivery information online: a missed opportunity

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate Western and Central European consumers and web retailers with respect to the importance and accessibility of delivery information online prior to purchase.Design/methodology/approach – To investigate the importance and accessibility of delivery information online, a survey was conducted of 715 internet consumers from the UK, Hungary and the Czech Republic to explore how important they rate online delivery information. In addition to this, retailing web sites from leading retailers in the UK, Hungary and the Czech Republic were content analysed in order to establish the extent to which they provided online delivery information.Findings – The research identifies that consumers rate delivery pricing guides, delivery guarantees and delivery schedules as the most important delivery information they expect online prior to purchase. However, content analysis of retailer web sites reveals that many retailers do not adequately provide information about how they.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Non-B Subtypes Are Similar to HIV-1 Subtype B in that Coreceptor Specificity Is a Determinant of Cytopathicity in Human Lymphoid Tissue Infected Ex Vivo

ABSTRACT We sought to determine the relationship between virus-mediated CD4+ T-lymphocyte cytopathicity and viral coreceptor preference among various human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes in an ex vivo-infected human lymphoid tissue model. Our data show that all R5 HIV-1 infections resulted in mild depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes, whereas all X4 HIV-1 infections caused severe depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes regardless of their subtype origin. Thus, at least for the viruses within subtypes A, B, C, and E that were tested, coreceptor specificity is a critical factor that determines the ability of HIV-1 to deplete CD4+ T cells in human lymphoid tissue infected ex vivo.
Using XML to Query XML - From Theory to Practice

A cornerstone concept in classical Information Retrieval is the vector space model, whereby both documents and queries are viewed as vectors in a multidimensional space. Relevance of a given document to a given query is determined by evaluating the similarity between these vectors, using a measure like the cosine measure of similarity, for instance. The vector space model has been highly successful for dealing with plain text collections, in both theoretical and practical terms. In prior work, we extended this classic approach to the search of XML collections by requiring queries to be presented as XML Fragments, which allows for a very simple extension of the cosine similarity measure to the XML framework. In this paper, we formalize this approach by presenting the full syntax and semantics of XML Fragments as implemented in a practical system. Furthermore, we show how small additions to the pure model improve the expressiveness of queries and enable us to deal with a wide range of users' needs. These additions introduce certain novel constructs that are not syntactically correct XML but implement essential operators. We evaluate the expressiveness of our model, both from a formal viewpoint, by comparing it to the XPath language, and from a practical viewpoint by running experiments on the INEX (Initiative for XML Retrieval) collection. Our conclusion is that the coupling of the classic vector space approach with a carefully chosen small set of relational operators allows us to express XML informational searches as enhanced XML fragments in a natural and powerful way.
Prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection and disease after bone marrow transplantation in the 1990s.

There is substantial progress in preventing and treating cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and CMV-related disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In CMV-seronegative recipients, use of CMV-seronegative blood products eliminates most CMV infections. Effective prophylaxis for CMV-seropositive recipients is being studied. Preliminary results of controlled trials of prophylactic ganciclovir show reduced CMV-related interstitial pneumonia. Intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.IG) may further reduce risk of interstitial pneumonia in both CMV-seronegative and -seropositive recipients by decreasing graft-versus-host disease. CMV infection is a lesser problem after autotransplant. Consequently, prophylaxis with CMV-screened blood products, i.v. IG, and antiviral drugs is not necessary. Treatment of CMV-related interstitial pneumonia remains problematic. Best results to date are with ganciclovir and high-dose i.v. IG.
Exploring the factors influencing credit card spending behavior among Malaysians

– This paper explores factors affecting spending behavior of credit card holders in Malaysia. Specifically, variables such as demographic factors, banks’ policies, and credit card holders’ attitudes toward money are examined. , – A cross‐sectional survey through the use of a structured questionnaire was administered on 150 credit card holders based on the area sampling and convenience snowball sampling techniques. , – The results indicate that age, income, and marital status have significant correlation with credit card holders’ spending behavior. The same goes to two of the three items identified under banks’ policies (benefits given and payment policies) and attitudes toward money (willingness to pay and awareness of the total debt owed). Occupation, qualifications to apply for credit card, and management of income vs expenses are not significantly related to credit card spending behavior among Malaysians. , – The study serves as a guide for researchers to extend the research work covering more variables in different economies in light of the low R2 value. The small sample size raises the issue of generalizability, which future studies should address. , – The results could be used as a guide by emerging market economies or even developed countries where credit card usage is a widespread phenomenon. It also provides insights to the credit card issuing banks in terms of understanding their target consumers, preferences, and the effect of their policies on credit card application and use. , – This study sheds light on credit card spending behavior, particularly among Malaysians.
Noise Session 3 aNSa : Wind Turbine Noise I 3 aNSa 3 . Criteria for wind-turbine noise immissions

Each of the two authors has developed single, 24-hour, constant wind turbine noise criteria; the criteria are constants because wind turbine noise is basically not adjustable. Hessler develops his criteria from his knowledge of how wind turbine noise is being regulated at the local, state, and national levels, from regulations in other countries, and from his extensive experience with numerous wind turbine projects. Schomer develops his recommended criteria on the basis of existing national and international standards, notably ISO 1996-1 and ANSI/ASA S12.9 parts 4 and 5. Ultimately, Hessler comes up with a single, 24-hour A-weighted average criterion of 40 dB, and Schomer comes up with a 24hour, A-weighted average criterion of 39 dB. These two researchers have decidedly different backgrounds, different experience, and a slight difference in orientation towards the industry. Thus, it is remarkable that these two criteria, derived in such different ways result in nearly identical 24-hour A-weighted criteria levels. Although there is essential agreement in immissions criterion, there are variables debated herein for both modeling wind turbine emissions and certifying such emissions at far-off receptors that could result in a 10 dBA difference in the actual immissions level.
A Market for Weather Risk? Worlds in Conflicts and Compromising

In this paper we study the development of the market for weather derivatives in Europe. We show that weather derivatives conceived as financial products by their promoters have difficulties finding end-users. We describe the attempts of market promoters using a framework drawn from economic sociology, namely the theory provided by Boltanski and Thevenot's Economy of Worth. We derive some conclusions about the potential future of the market.
Reciprocal Spillover Effects: A Strategic Benefit of Brand Extensions

A commonly advanced rationale for the proliferation of brand extensions is companies’ motivation to leverage the equity in established brands, thereby developing profitable products relatively easily. A more interesting strategic argument for brand extensions that has been advanced is that extensions would favorably affect the image of the parent brand and thereby influence its choice. In this research, the authors investigate the existence of such reciprocal spillover effects emanating from the advertising of a brand extension. The authors use scanner panel data and study spillover effects of advertising on brand choice. They develop implications for brand and product line management.
Excessive breathlessness in patients with diastolic heart failure

Objectives: To establish the prevalence of preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function (PSF) in 435 consecutive symptomatic patients referred to a heart failure clinic and to examine their ventilatory response to exercise when compared with 134 control volunteers. Methods: 216 (50%) patients had systolic heart failure (SHF) (ejection fraction < 45%). 51 (11%) had an immediately apparent alternative causes of breathlessness and 168 (39%), with no obvious other cause of breathlessness, were divided into those with PSF and diastolic dysfunction (DD) (PSFDD; n = 113 or 26% of referrals) and those without DD (PSFN; n = 55 or 13% of referrals). The controls were divided into those with (CDD; n = 32) and those without (CN; n = 102) echocardiographic evidence of DD. Results: Patients with SHF had lower peak oxygen consumption (pV̇o2), steeper slope of minute ventilation (V̇e) to carbon dioxide production, lower exercise time and shorter 6 min walk test than PSF patients and controls. PSFDD patients had lower pV̇o2, exercise time and 6 min walk test than CDD, although their echocardiograms were not different. Exercise capacity did not differ between PSFDD and PSFN patients. The slope relating V̇e to symptoms (Borg/V̇e slope) was less steep in those with SHF than in PSFDD (0.17 (0.04) v 0.20 (0.08), p < 0.05) and in PSFN (0.19 (0.10), p < 0.05), implying greater symptoms of breathlessness for a given level of V̇e. Both PSF groups had a steeper slope than CDD (0.14 (0.09), p < 0.05 for both comparisons). Conclusions: Patients with PSF have exercise tolerance intermediate between that of patients with SHF and controls. Exercise tolerance is similar in PSFDD and PSFN. Both groups have worse exercise tolerance than CDD. PSFDD and PSFN patients seem to experience a greater awareness of V̇e than CDD and patients with SHF.
How do multinational companies leverage technological competencies? Moving from single to interdependent explanations

This paper explores the relationships among four fundamental determinants of intrafirm competence transfers that have hitherto been analyzed only separately: formal organization structure, informal relations, geographical distance, and relatedness of competencies across subsidiaries. Using a data set consisting of 4840 dyads between new product development teams and subsidiaries that were potential targets for competence transfers in a high‐technology multinational company, we find that these determinants interact in surprising ways to explain different patterns of transfers. Results revealed that teams preferred to approach people they knew rather than people who knew related technologies well. They also showed that teams steered away from spatially distant subsidiaries that had related competencies and that the negative effect of large spatial distances could be overcome through established informal relations. These findings indicate that studying one of the determinants separately can yield biased results, as their net effect may change when the moderating effects of the other determinants are considered. Research on synergies, integration, technology transfers, and geographical and cultural differentiation in multinational enterprises therefore needs to be broadened by analyzing multiple determinants of competence transfers. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitochondria-specific RNA-modifying Enzymes Responsible for the Biosynthesis of the Wobble Base in Mitochondrial tRNAs

Human mitochondrial (mt) tRNALys has a taurine-containing modified uridine, 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (τm5s2U), at its anticodon wobble position. We previously found that the mt tRNALys, carrying the A8344G mutation from cells of patients with myoclonus epilepsy associated with ragged-red fibers (MERRF), lacks the τm5s2U modification. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a tRNA-modifying enzyme MTU1 (mitochondrial tRNA-specific 2-thiouridylase 1) that is responsible for the 2-thiolation of the wobble position in human and yeast mt tRNAs. Disruption of the yeast MTU1 gene eliminated the 2-thio modification of mt tRNAs and impaired mitochondrial protein synthesis, which led to reduced respiratory activity. Furthermore, when MTO1 or MSS1, which are responsible for the C5 substituent of the modified uridine, was disrupted along with MTU1, a much more severe reduction in mitochondrial activity was observed. Thus, the C5 and 2-thio modifications act synergistically in promoting efficient cognate codon decoding. Partial inactivation of MTU1 in HeLa cells by small interference RNA also reduced their oxygen consumption and resulted in mitochondria with defective membrane potentials, which are similar phenotypic features observed in MERRF.