Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing Process Competencies in Co-orperation, Learning and Project Management

In this paper, an analysis of the development of the course, "Cooperation, Learning, and Project Management", for first year students in the Department of Engineering and Science at Aalborg University, Denmark will be presented. The objective of this course is to facilitate the students’ learning of process competencies in connection with a PBL approach. The course includes theories and methods within the areas of co-operation, learning and project planning and supports the students' work with a process analysis prepared in connection with their project report. The objective of the process analysis is for the students to develop awareness of the work-and-learning processes, in order to become better project workers. Completion of the process analysis, which involves the student to document his/her reflections of the project process, has been a requirement in the Basic Study Program since 1982. Both the course and the process analysis have undergone major changes throughout time and this development has occurred in three phases: instruction; theory and on-reflection; experiments and portfolio. The quality of the students’ process analysis has improved increasingly with the development of the course. In this paper, we will analyse the development of the course and explain the theoretical ideas embedded in the third phase, in order to discuss the conditions for development. We have reached four conclusive conditions for this development: 1) students already have experiences with project work and group processes; 2) the project supervisors’ support is necessary to create a reflective culture; 3) teachers involved in these courses are qualified in both the subject area and in the learning process competencies and 4) there is a team researching and developing this area. This development of methods cannot only be used in this specific context area, but it can also be used in staff development courses which is actually the case at the Centre for University Teaching and Learning, Aalborg University.
An ASIC design for a high speed implementation of the hash function SHA-256 (384, 512)

An implementation of the hash functions SHA-256, 384 and 512 is presented, obtaining a high clock rate through a reduction of the critical path length, both in the Expander and in the Compressor of the hash scheme. The critical path is shown to be the smallest achievable. Synthesis results show that the new scheme can reach a clock rate well exceeding 1 GHz using a 0.13um technology.
Improved Cascade for Search Mission Detection

Search sessions are formed by consecutive queries that users submit to a search engine when addressing the same information need. However, sessions of consecutive queries may not comprise all queries that belong together, as users may interleave different search tasks in a multitasking manner or as some search sessions are just smaller parts of some larger search mission. Our contributions in this paper are threefold. First, we present a new algorithm for session detection based on the state-of-the-art cascading method. We improve the single steps of the cascading method and, for the first time, we exploit Linked Open Data information for session detection. With the second main contribution we show that our new algorithm is also able to detect multitasking situations as well as search missions. Finally, our third contribution is the development of a new, publicly available corpus of more than 8800 queries manually labeled with search session and mission information. This new corpus exceeds the size of the largest previously available mission detection corpus by an order of magnitude.
Content-based Plagiarism Detection in Korean Document Using Ferrets Trigram

Document plagiarism means the unauthorized use of the original document of another author without recognition of the source. With the development of the Internet, the volume of digital information available and easily accessible has increased massively and detecting plagiarism manually is so expensive in terms of both time and effort. Although many copy detection techniques for digital document already have been released, their performance is still unsatisfactory. This paper proposes content-based copy detection for Hangul (Korean character) documents by improving the detection accuracy of existing Ferret’s trigram. The key of the proposed system to identify plagiarism is to use two elements: firstly the number of matching trigrams in the original document and secondly the weighting factor of the trigrams where they match sequentially. In this study we show that the proposed system is developed further by weighting results depending on the matching degree of trigram, thereby improving the accuracy of similarity detection in Hangul documents.
The development of vocabulary breadth across the CEFR levels

This chapter attempts to attach measurements of vocabulary breadth, the number of words a learner knows in a foreign language, to the six levels of the Common European Framework of reference for Languages (CEFR). The details of the Framework document (Council of Europe, 2001) indicate that vocabulary breadth ought to be a useful metric in the description of the levels and that, broadly, it would be expected that as language level increases so would the learner’s knowledge of vocabulary and the sophistication with which that vocabulary can be used. The evidence we have from vocabulary size tests is reviewed and confirms this assumption, and suggests the actual volumes of vocabulary that are associated with each CEFR level. This information should be very useful to learners, teachers and other users of the CEFR is helping to link language performance to the CEFR levels. The evidence also appears to suggest that vocabulary breadth may vary from one language to another but it is not yet clear whether this reflects differences between the languages themselves, or differences in the construction of the corpora from which vocabulary size tests are derived.
False-positive rates associated with the use of multiple performance and symptom validity tests.

Performance validity test (PVT) error rates using Monte Carlo simulation reported by Berthelson and colleagues (in False positive diagnosis of malingering due to the use of multiple effort tests. Brain Injury, 27, 909-916, 2013) were compared with PVT and symptom validity test (SVT) failure rates in two nonmalingering clinical samples. At a per-test false-positive rate of 10%, Monte Carlo simulation overestimated error rates for: (i) failure of ≥2 out of 5 PVTs/SVT for Larrabee (in Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 410-425, 2003) and ACS (Pearson, Advanced clinical solutions for use with WAIS-IV and WMS-IV. San Antonio: Pearson Education, 2009) and (ii) failure of ≥2 out of 7 PVTs/SVT for Larrabee (Detection of malingering using atypical performance patterns on standard neuropsychological tests. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 17, 410-425, 2003; Malingering scales for the Continuous Recognition Memory Test and Continuous Visual Memory Test. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 23, 167-180, 2009 combined). Monte Carlo overestimation is likely because PVT performances are atypical in pattern or degree for what occurs in actual neurologic, psychiatric, or developmental disorders. Consequently, PVT scores form skewed distributions with performance at ceiling and restricted range, rather than forming a standard normal distribution with mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1.0. These results support the practice of using ≥2 PVT/SVT failures as representing probable invalid clinical presentation.
FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells in Hepatic Fibrosis and Splenomegaly Caused by Schistosoma japonicum: The Spleen May Be a Major Source of Tregs in Subjects with Splenomegaly

Schistosoma eggs cause chronic liver inflammation and a complex disease characterized by hepatic fibrosis (HF) and splenomegaly (SplM). FOXP3+ Tregs could regulate inflammation, but it is unclear where these cells are produced and what roles they play in human schistosomiasis. We investigated blood and spleen FOXP3+ Tregs in Chinese fishermen with lifelong exposure to Schistosoma japonicum and various degrees of liver and spleen disease. FOXP3+ Tregs accounted for 4.3% of CD4+ T cells and 41.2% of FOXP3+CD4+ T cells; they could be divided into CD45RA-FOXP3hi effector (eTregs) and CD45RA+FOXP3low naive Tregs. Blood Treg levels were high in severe HF (+1.3; p = 0.004) and in SplM (+1.03, p = 0.03). Multivariate regression showed that severe HF (+0.85, p = 0.01) and SplM (+0.97; p = 0.05) were independently associated with the higher proportion of Tregs in the blood. This effect was mostly due to an increase in the proportion of eTregs in the blood of HF+++ (+0.9%; p = 0.04) and SplM (+0.9%; p = 0.04) patients. The proportion of eTregs expressing CXCR3 in the blood was lower in the HF+++ patients (37.4 +/- 5.9%) than in those with milder fibrosis (51.7 ± 2%; p = 0.009), whereas proportion were similar for cells expressing CD25hi, CCR7, and CTLA-4. Splenectomy improves symptoms and was associated with decreases in blood FOXP3+ Treg (-2.5; p<0.001) and eTreg (-1.3; p = 0.03) levels. SplM spleens contained a high proportion of eTregs with CXCR3, CCR5 and CTLA4 upregulation and CCR7 downregulation. This, and the strong expression of ligands of CXCR3 and CCR5 in the liver (n = 8) but not in the spleen suggested that spleen eTregs migrated to Th1-infiltrated liver tissues. Such migration may be attenuated in hepatosplenic patients due to lower levels of CXCR3 expression on Tregs (p = 0.009). Thus, higher blood Treg levels are associated with severe liver disease and splenomegaly. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the spleen is a major source of Tregs in subjects with splenomegaly. In most cases, Tregs migrate to the Th1-infiltrated liver and the lower levels of CXCR3+ Tregs in the blood of patients with severe schistosomiasis suggest that decreases in Treg migration sites of inflammation may aggravate the disease.
ConExT-U: A Context-Aware Exception Handling Mechanism for Task-Based Ubiquitous Systems

Context-awareness is a central aspect in the design of ubiquitous systems, characterizing their ability to observe the environment's context changes and adapt its structure and behavior according. Since those systems can be able to make autonomous decisions (i.e., without direct user intervention), dependability becomes an important requirement. The exception handling is a well-known error recovery technique employed to improve the software robustness and contributes to the overall software system's reliability and dependability. However, despite its benefits, exception handling still not widely used in the development of ubiquitous systems. In fact, we argue that is consequence of the lack of a proper exception handling mechanism to support it during the development and execution phases. In order to address this problem, we propose a context-aware exception handling mechanism designed specifically for context-aware ubiquitous systems. The proposed mechanism is implemented as a Java-based framework that provides a task-based model for building robust ubiquitous systems. A prototype of a ubiquitous parking control system is implemented to explore and validate the features of the proposed mechanism.
Robust Testing for Causal Inference in Observational Studies

A vast number of causal inference studies use matching techniques, where treatment cases are matched with similar control cases. For observational data in particular, we claim there is a major source of uncertainty that is essentially ignored in these tests, which is the way the assignments of matched pairs are constructed. It is entirely possible, for instance, that a study reporting an estimated treatment effect with P -value of 10−4 can be redone in almost the same way, with the same match quality, yet with a P -value well above 0.10, making the test result no longer significant. Experimenters often specifically choose not to consider the output in the design of the assignments; this allows for easier computation and clearer testing, but it does not consider possible biases in the way the assignments were constructed. What we would really like to be able to report is that no matter which assignment we choose, as long as the match is sufficiently good, then the hypothesis test result still holds. This will be called a robust matched pairs test, since its result is robust to the choice of the assignment. In this paper, we provide methodology based on discrete optimization to create these robust tests. This method explores the full variation of possible results one can obtain with all possible acceptable assignments. It demonstrates that one cannot always trust statistically significant results, even with a large number of matched pairs.
Type-Directed Compilation for Fault-Tolerant Non-Interference

Environmental noise (e.g.heat, ionized particles, etc.) causes transient faults in hardware, which lead to corruption of stored values. Mission-critical devices require such faults to be mitigated by fault-tolerance --- a combination of techniques that aim at preserving the functional behaviour of a system despite the disruptive effects of transient faults. Fault-tolerance typically has a high deployment cost -- special hardware might be required to implement it -- and provides weak statistical guarantees. It is also based on the assumption that faults are rare. In this paper, we consider scenarios where security, rather than functional correctness, is the main asset to be protected. Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we develop a theory for expressing confidentiality of data in the presence of transient faults. We show that the natural probabilistic definition of security in the presence of faults can be captured by a possibilistic definition. Furthermore, the possibilistic definition is implied by a known bisimulation-based property, called Strong Security. Secondly, we illustrate the utility of these results for a simple RISC architecture for which only the code memory and program counter are assumed fault-tolerant. We present a type-directed compilation scheme that produces RISC code from a higher-level language for which Strong Security holds --- i.e. well-typed programs compile to RISC code which is secure despite transient faults. In contrast with fault-tolerance solutions, our technique assumes relatively little special hardware, gives formal guarantees, and works in the presence of an active attacker who aggressively targets parts of a system and induces faults precisely.
Study on an Indoor Tracking System Based on Primary and Assistant Infrared Markers

An indoor tracking system based on primary and assistant infrared markers is presented in this paper. The system can track the user's head in a large area with high stability and accuracy. And the price of the system is very low. The novel assistant infrared markers with particular spatial characteristic and the primary infrared markers with particular spatio-temporal characteristic are proposed, which can avoid the synchronization between infrared markers and user system. Various numbers of users can be supported by the proposed system and experimental result shows the effectiveness and robustness of the system.
Causality is an effect

Using symmetric boundary conditions at separated times, I show analytically that both the time ordering of (macroscopic) causality and the direction of entropy increase follow from these boundary conditions. In particular, when the endpoints have low entropy, these arrows of time point away from the ends and toward the middle. Causality in this context means that when perturbations are applied, the effect of the perturbation---the macroscopic change in the system's behavior---is confined to one temporal side of the perturbations. These results hold for both mixing and integrable systems, although relaxation for integrable systems is incomplete. Simulations are presented for purposes of illustration.
MUC Gene Abnormalities in Sporadic and Hereditary Mucinous Colon Cancers with Microsatellite Instability

Aim of this study was verifying whether mucin producing colon cancers (CRCs) could develop through a molecular pathway involving microsatellite instability (MSI) and MUC gene alterations. Out of 49 CRCs expressing variable amounts of mucin, 22 (44.9%) were MSI-H and 5 (10.2%) were MSI-L. MUC genes were analyzed by Southern blotting and extra bands were evident in the Variable Number Tandem Repetition (VNTR) regions of MUC2 (5 cases) and MUC5AC (2 cases), but not MUC1 and MUC4 genes. Since the somatic VNTR abnormalities were detected in 6 MSI-H and in 1 MSI-L tumors, they seem to be peculiar of mismatch repair defective CRCs. Our finding suggests that alteration and/or loss of structurally normal MUC genes may be an important step in the neoplastic molecular pathway of a subset of CRCs and that mutations involving VNTR repetitive sequences may exist in MSI tumors as a direct and/or indirect consequence of an inefficient MMR system.
The Highly Accurate N-DEterminant (HANDE) quantum Monte Carlo project: Open-source stochastic diagonalisation for quantum chemistry

The HANDE quantum Monte Carlo project offers accessible stochastic algorithms for general use for scientists in the field of quantum chemistry. HANDE is an ambitious and general high-performance code developed by a geographically-dispersed team with a variety of backgrounds in computational science. In the course of preparing a public, open-source release, we have taken this opportunity to step back and look at what we have done and what we hope to do in the future. We pay particular attention to development processes, the approach taken to train students joining the project, and how a flat hierarchical structure aids communication
Nonparametric estimation and testing of exchangeable graph models

Exchangeable graph models (ExGM) are a nonparametric approach to modeling network data that subsumes a number of popular models. The key object that defines an ExGM is often referred to as a graphon, or graph kernel. Here, we make three contributions to advance the theory of estimation of graphons. We determine conditions under which a unique canonical representation for a graphon exists and it is identifiable. We propose a 3-step procedure to estimate the canonical graphon of any ExGM that satisfies these conditions. We then focus on a specific estimator, built using the proposed 3-step procedure, which combines probability matrix estimation by Universal Singular Value Thresholding (USVT) and empirical degree sorting of the observed adjacency matrix. We prove that this estimator is consistent. We illustrate how the proposed theory and methods can be used to develop hypothesis testing procedures for models of network data.
Data mining and rough set theory

Class Hierarchies, Factories, and Stable Designs Much of the debate about the general aptness of class hierarchies is rooted in the different objectives taxonomists and implementers are thought to pursue. Designers of conceptual hierarchies tend to embrace Aristotle’s principle of genus et differentiae leading to a taxonomic hierarchy of categories or types [7], while those with implementation in mind focus on the reuse of class definitions and polymorphism as made possible by subclassing and inheritance. This has led to an extensive discussion (see [1, 4, 5, 8]) as to whether Square should be a subclass of Rectangle or vice versa, a dilemma that is, of course, precedential in character. Despite the different perspectives there appears to be a broad consensus that, in principle at least, • both a conceptual type and a class (as a programming construct) are intensions the extensions of which are sets of instances; and • the extensions of subtypes are subsets of the extensions of
Audio keyword generation for sports video analysis

Semantic sports video analysis has attracted many research interests and audio cues have been shown to play an important role in semantics inference. To facilitate event detection using audio information, we have introduced the concept of audio keyword (e.g. <i>excited/plain commentator speech, excited/plain audience sound</i>, etc.) to describe the game-specific sound associated with an event. In our previous work, we have designed a hierarchical Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for audio keyword identification. However, there are two inherent weaknesses: 1) a frame-based SVM classifier does not incorporate any contextual information; 2) a robust recognizer relies on large amounts of training data in the case of different sports games videos. In this demo, we present a flexible Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based audio keyword generation system. This is motivated by the successful story of applying HMM in speech recognition. Unlike the frame-based SVM classification followed by a major voting, our HMM-based system treats an audio keyword as a continuous time series data and employs hidden states transition to capture contexts. Moreover, our system introduces an adaptation mechanism to tune the initial HMM models (obtained from available training data) to improve performance by a small number of data from a new sports game video. Promising results has been demonstrated on the tennis, soccer and basketball videos with the total length of 2 hours.
Onset of improvement and response to mirtazapine in depression: a multicenter naturalistic study of 4771 patients

The purpose of this open multicenter study of 4771 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode was to analyse the response to mirtazapine in general practice and primary care. Patients with a baseline score of at least 20 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were treated with mirtazapine for 6 weeks (30 mg/day) and clinically assessed by their psychiatrists at weekly intervals through the MADRS and Clinical Global Improvement (CGI) rating scales. The data analysis was carried out on an “intent-to-treat” basis to collect outcome information on all patients. Our results suggested that the efficacy of the antidepressant effect relates to a nonspecific process. Nearly all patients (95%) showed at least slight improvement at the end of the observation period, while the response to treatment was independent of the clinical forms of depression. In particular, all measures of efficacy displayed the maximum change within the first 2 weeks of treatment, with further improvement occurring at much slower rates. Significant improvement within the first 2 weeks of treatment was highly predictive of the final response, and can serve as a guideline for clinicians when deciding about increased dosage, augmentation, or change of medication in unresponsive patients. Detailed analyses of individual MADRS items showed that mirtazapine’s pharmacological profile, unlike selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, led relatively quickly to a significant reduction of suicidal thoughts, a fact of particular clinical relevance.