Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Clustering and Distance Based Approach for Outlier Detection

Outlier detection is a substantial research problem in the domain of data mining that aims to uncover objects which exhibit significantly different, exceptional and inconsistent from rest of the data. Outlier detection has been widely researched and finds use within various application domains including tax fraud detection, network robustness analysis, network intrusion and medical diagnosis. In this paper we propose an efficient clustering and distance based outlier detection technique. The clustering algorithms employed for this task are PAM, CLARA and CLARANS and a novel clustering algorithm I-CLARANS is proposed. The process of outlier detection is divided into two stages. In the first stage clustering is performed and in the second stage outlier detection is performed. The purpose is to perform clustering and outlier mining simultaneously. The experimental results depict that the proposed method is effective and promising in practice. We also present comparison of proposed algorithm with existing algorithms to validate its advantage in outlier detection.
Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of human membrane cofactor protein (MCP). Evidence for inclusion in the multigene family of complement-regulatory proteins

Membrane cofactor protein (MCP), a regulatory molecular of the complement system with cofactor activity for the factor I-mediated inactivation of C3b and C4b, is widely distributed, being present on leukocytes, platelets, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. MCP was purified from a human T cell line (HSB2) and the NH2-terminal 24-amino acid sequence obtained by Edman degradation. An oligonucleotide probe based on this sequence was used to identify a clone from a human monocytic (U937) cDNA library. Nucleotide sequencing showed a 43-bp 5'-untranslated region, an open reading frame of 1,152 bp, and a 335-bp 3'-untranslated region followed by a 16-bp poly(A) track. The deduced full-length MCP protein consists of a 34-amino acid signal peptide and a 350-amino acid mature protein. The protein has, beginning at the NH2 terminus, four approximately 60-amino acid repeat units that match the consensus sequence found in a multigene family of complement regulatory proteins (C3b-receptor or CR1, C3d-receptor or CR2, decay-accelerating factor, C4-binding protein, and factor H), as well as several other complement and non-complement proteins. The remainder of the MCP protein consists of 25 amino acids that are rich in serine and threonine (probable site of heavy O-linked glycosylation of MCP), 17 amino acids of unknown significance, and a 23-amino acid transmembrane hydrophobic region followed by a 33-amino acid cytoplasmic tail. The MCP gene was localized to human chromosome 1, bands 1q31-41, by analysis of human x rodent somatic cell hybrid clones and by in situ hybridization. This same genetic region contains the multigene family of complement-regulatory proteins, which is thereby enlarged to include the functionally and structurally related MCP.
Southern Wind River Landscape Feature Extraction for Risk Assessment

Figure 4. Example of a well pad & road network w/a high-pass filter over ETM imagery. The Southern Wind River Landscape (SWRL) is a three million acre area of Intermountain Semidesert in west central Wyoming. Within the three million acres lie both public and private land holdings. The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has significant conservation interests in this Landscape as well and has created a network of conservation sites that include Red Canyon Ranch, Sweetwater River Preserve, and three conservation easements, over approximately 60,000 acres. The purpose of this project was to compare and contrast two methods of terrestrial classification of feature types to aid the Wyoming Chapter of The Nature Conservancy in developing landscape-level conservation plan. ERDAS Imagine models were applied to the feature extraction process and compared to an ArcView extension, Feature Analyst, produced by Visual Learning Systems, Inc. ERDAS Imagine provides classification models in addition to texture algorithms and convolution filtering that assist in detecting various feature types. ESRI's ArcView and ArcGIS Feature Analyst extension provides are readily accessable and user-friendly method to detect features. With the addition of texture and high-pass filtering, many roads were extracted using standard image processing techniques. The best results were derived using simple edge enhancement and edge detection algorithms. However, accurate results were limited to the more open landscapes with less cover as well as more defined edges. Image processing can be time consuming and require numerous iterations and subsets due to multiple soil types and vegetation cover. Individual features detection such as a paved road or an oil pads using a clustering approach is difficult, but does provide the analyst with a simpler visual interpretation of the image that can assist in identifying these features through regular photo interpretation techniques and heads-up digitizing. Training the Feature Analyst to identify roads took as many, if not more iterations to complete as were required using standard image processing techniques. The value of Feature Analyst is that the operator does not have to completely understand the classification process. The ETM image's coarse spectral resolution proved to be an asset in the more open areas within the study area. However, as was the case for both the IKONOS and ETM data, dense conifers obscured roads and bright soils were confused with roads. Computation time is an issue for both procedures. The time an operators spends on training (digitizing in the case of Feature Analyst) is …
Emergency Ontology construction in emergency decision support system

Decision-makers in emergencies usually need supports of background knowledge and information for decision-making support. Emergency documentation can partially provide such supports through its effective reorganization according to various incident scenarios. This paper aims at constructing emergency ontology to support decision-making directly from such emergency documentation. Borrowing ideas from the activity-first method (AFM) methodology, we propose a stepping method in ontology construction, and use it to build up an emergency ontology from the facet of Avian Influenza. The emergency documents which are decomposed to knowledge pieces for further integration according to emergent incidents. Therefore, the emergency ontology is proved to be effective in knowledge reorganization.
MCALIB: Measuring Sensitivity to Rounding Error with Monte Carlo Programming

Runtime analysis provides an effective method for measuring the sensitivity of programs to rounding errors. To date, implementations have required significant changes to source code, detracting from their widespread application. In this work, we present an open source system that automates the quantitative analysis of floating point rounding errors through the use of C-based source-to-source compilation and a Monte Carlo arithmetic library. We demonstrate its application to the comparison of algorithms, detection of catastrophic cancellation, and determination of whether single precision floating point provides sufficient accuracy for a given application. Methods for obtaining quantifiable measurements of sensitivity to rounding error are also detailed.
Use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Agriculture: A Bibliometric Analysis

La technologie de systeme d'information geographique (SIG) n'est pas nouvelle au milieu universitaire ou aux bibliotheques, bien qu'il y ait beaucoup d'idees fausses au sujet de la facon dont cette technologie est employee. Cet article presente une variete d'utilisations des SIG comme elles ont ete documentees dans la litterature scientifique et agricole. Les utilisations agricoles des SIGs sont tres importantes et repandues. L'auteur aimerait que l'information presentee ici puisse etre employee par des bibliothecaires lors de discussions portant sur les SIGs avec leurs groupes d'utilisateurs. Une etude a ete entreprise en utilisant l'analyse de citations pour determiner l'occurrence des utilites agricoles des SIGs par rapport a d'autres disciplines scientifiques et sociales. Une deuxieme etude a ete entreprise pour determiner les utilisations les plus communes de la technologie SIG dans des sous-disciplines agricoles. Cet article discute de la technique utilisee en analysant ce sujet, et presente les resultats de l'examen.
Fracture Density Estimation Using Spectral Analysis of Reservoir Reflections: A Numerical Modeling Approach

We use a 3-D finite difference numerical model to generate synthetic seismograms from a simple fractured reservoir containing evenly spaced, discrete, vertical fractures. The fractures are represented using a single column of anisotropic grid points. Analysis of seismic amplitudes and spectral characteristics were carried out on the top and base reservoir reflections as well as scattered wave coda for models with fracture spacing ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 fractures/m. Results show that the bulk scattered wave energy contained in a common shot gather increases greatly when the fracture spacing is greater than about 1/4 wavelength. Wavenumber spectra for integrated amplitude versus offset from a time window containing the base reservoir reflector show spectral peaks corresponding to the fracture spacing.
Interest-Rate Models

In this article we will describe some of the main developments in interest-rate modelling since Black & Scholes’ (1973) and Merton’s (1973) original articles on the pricing of equity derivatives. In particular, we will focus on continuoustime, arbitrage-free models for the full term structure of interest rates. Other models which model a limited number of key interest rates or which operate in discrete time (for example, the Wilkie (1995) model) will be considered elsewhere. Additionally, more detailed accounts of affine term-structure models and market models are given elsewhere in this volume.
Gender role expectations and the prevalence of women as assistant coaches

ABSTRACT While the percentage of women head coaches of collegiate teams has consistently declined since 1972, the number of women assistant coaches continues to rise and currently represents the largest group of women employed in college athletics. Because the positions of head coach and assistant coach place similar demands on the women in these roles, the differing trends for these positions are perplexing. Utilizing a framework of role congruity theory and symbolic interactionism, this study considers whether women are clustered in the assistant role because head and assistant coach positions are gender typed, with the head coach being masculine typed and the assistant coach being feminine typed. 403 male and female college athletes were asked to match gender traits with either an assistant coach or a head coach. Results show that masculine traits are aligned with head coaches more than assistant coaches.
CDKN2D-WDFY2 Is a Cancer-Specific Fusion Gene Recurrent in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death in women. Almost 70% of ovarian cancer deaths are due to the high-grade serous subtype, which is typically detected only after it has metastasized. Characterization of high-grade serous cancer is further complicated by the significant heterogeneity and genome instability displayed by this cancer. Other than mutations in TP53, which is common to many cancers, highly recurrent recombinant events specific to this cancer have yet to be identified. Using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing of seven patient samples combined with experimental validation at DNA, RNA and protein levels, we identified a cancer-specific and inter-chromosomal fusion gene CDKN2D-WDFY2 that occurs at a frequency of 20% among sixty high-grade serous cancer samples but is absent in non-cancerous ovary and fallopian tube samples. This is the most frequent recombinant event identified so far in high-grade serous cancer implying a major cellular lineage in this highly heterogeneous cancer. In addition, the same fusion transcript was also detected in OV-90, an established high-grade serous type cell line. The genomic breakpoint was identified in intron 1 of CDKN2D and intron 2 of WDFY2 in patient tumor, providing direct evidence that this is a fusion gene. The parental gene, CDKN2D, is a cell-cycle modulator that is also involved in DNA repair, while WDFY2 is known to modulate AKT interactions with its substrates. Transfection of cloned fusion construct led to loss of wildtype CDKN2D and wildtype WDFY2 protein expression, and a gain of a short WDFY2 protein isoform that is presumably under the control of the CDKN2D promoter. The expression of short WDFY2 protein in transfected cells appears to alter the PI3K/AKT pathway that is known to play a role in oncogenesis. CDKN2D-WDFY2 fusion could be an important molecular signature for understanding and classifying sub-lineages among heterogeneous high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas.
Millibots : a Distributed Heterogeneous Robot Team

In this article, we present the design of a team of heterogeneous, centimeter-scale robots – called Millibots that coordinate to provide real-time surveillance and reconnaissance. The robot team exploits modular sensing, processing and mobility to achieve a wide range of tasks that include mapping and exploration as well as support for fire rescue. To achieve extended team operation in the face of uncertainty, we have developed a localization system that uses sonar-based distance measurements to determine the positions of all the robots in the group. We describe how the team coordinates sensing and action to utilize localization and maintain group position Furthermore, by incorporating Bayesian techniques in data fusion, we are able to integrate individual robot sensing to generate composite area maps. This technique is further extended to merge ranging and heat information to detect and isolate potential warm bodies in a fire rescue scenario.
A Structural Model for Phosphorylation Control of Dictyostelium Myosin II Thick Filament Assembly

Myosin II thick filament assembly in Dictyostelium is regulated by phosphorylation at three threonines in the tail region of the molecule. Converting these three threonines to aspartates (3×Asp myosin II), which mimics the phosphorylated state, inhibits filament assembly in vitro, and 3×Asp myosin II fails to rescue myosin II–null phenotypes. Here we report a suppressor screen of Dictyostelium myosin II–null cells containing 3×Asp myosin II, which reveals a 21-kD region in the tail that is critical for the phosphorylation control. These data, combined with new structural evidence from electron microscopy and sequence analyses, provide evidence that thick filament assembly control involves the folding of myosin II into a bent monomer, which is unable to incorporate into thick filaments. The data are consistent with a structural model for the bent monomer in which two specific regions of the tail interact to form an antiparallel tetrameric coiled–coil structure.
European Bat Lyssavirus Infection in Spanish Bat Populations

From 1992 to 2000, 976 sera, 27 blood pellets, and 91 brains were obtained from 14 bat species in 37 localities in Spain. Specific anti-European bat lyssavirus 1 (EBL1)-neutralizing antibodies have been detected in Myotis myotis, Miniopterus schreibersii, Tadarida teniotis, and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum in the region of Aragon and the Balearic Islands. Positive results were also obtained by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on brain, blood pellet, lung, heart, tongue, and esophagus-larynx-pharynx of M. myotis, Myotis nattereri, R. ferrumequinum, and M. schreibersii. Determination of nucleotide sequence confirmed the presence of EBL1 RNA in the different tissues. In one colony, the prevalence of seropositive bats over time corresponded to an asymmetrical curve, with a sudden initial increase peaking at 60% of the bats, followed by a gradual decline. Banded seropositive bats were recovered during several years, indicating that EBL1 infection in these bats was nonlethal. At least one of this species (M. schreibersii) is migratory and thus could be partially responsible for the dissemination of EBL1 on both shores of the Mediterranean Sea.
Academic excellence: the dynamic relationship between approaches to studying and learning gain.

Academic performance is universally recognised as the most appropriate measure of learning (e.g., Bowman, 2010; Gonyea, 2005). However, a recent review by McGrath and colleagues (2015) highlighted that students’ academic excellence can better be defined as progress or distance travelled in their knowledge, skills and personal development. According to the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000) humans naturally strive for progress and therefore progress in studying is conceptually more accurate reppresentation of learning than achievement per se. While there are some studies in the US aiming to examine predictors of students’ learning gains (e.g., Beck & Blumer, 2012; Cahill et al., 2014), there is little research done on academic progress in Europe. The current study aims to examine whether approaches to studying that showed to correlate with academic achievements (e.g., Diseth, Pallesen, Brunborg, & Larsen, 2010; Rogaten, Moneta & Spada, 2013) can equally well predict learning progress, and whether any particular approach to studying facilitates better progress at different stages of a degree and at different baseline levels of academic performance. A sample of 504 undergraduate students from a London University took part in this research. Coursework grades from prior semester and end-of-semester were retrieved from the university database, and each student completed the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST). Associations between approaches to studying and end-of-semester grades, and their interactions with degree level and prior semester grades, were tested using Model 3 of the PROCESS Macro (Hayes, n.d.). Models were estimated separately for deep, strategic and surface approaches to studying. The deep approach predicted academic progress of weaker students in the beginning of their degree and undermined academic progress towards the end of a degree. The strategic approach to studying predicted academic progress for academically strong students towards the end of their degree. Importantly, there was no association between surface approach to studying and coursework attainments. As such, results support the importance of adaptive approaches to studying for academic success. The findings from this study have important theoretical implications and practical applications. Firstly, developing students’ deep and strategic approaches to studying is more important for academic success than merely preventing the surface approach, but in doing so one needs to consider students’ ability and level of education they are currently at. Secondly, understanding the moderating effect of a degree level on the relationship between approaches to studying and learning gains will enable teachers to design curricula and educational environment that facilitates learning gains for students with different starting abilities.
Electroweak moments of baryons and hidden strangeness of the nucleon

The phenomenological sum-rule-based approach is used to discuss the quark composition dependence of some static electroweak characteristics of baryons.The role of nonvalence degrees of freedom (the sea partons and/or peripheral meson currents) is shown to be important to select and make use of the relevant symmetry parametrization of baryon observables.The implications of the baryon magnetic moment analysis for estimation of the $\Delta$q values of the spin-dependent DIS on nucleons, the contribution of hidden strangeness to the nucleon magnetic moment and to the quark-line-rule violating $\phi \pi$ - production in antinucleon-nucleon annihilation reaction are presented.
A multicenter international randomized phase III study comparing cisplatin in combination with irinotecan or etoposide in previously untreated small-cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease.

BACKGROUND This study compared irinotecan plus cisplatin (IP) with etoposide plus cisplatin (EP) in small-cell lung cancer patients with extensive disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) and either irinotecan 65 mg/m(2), days 1 and 8 or etoposide 100 mg/m(2), days 1-3, every 3 weeks. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were balanced between patients receiving IP (N = 202) or EP (N = 203). Median overall survival was nonsignificantly superior for patients receiving IP versus EP, 10.2 versus 9.7 months [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-1.01, P = 0.06] and 1- and 2-year survival rates were 41.9% versus 38.9% and 16.3% versus 8.2%, respectively. Noninferiority of IP versus EP was established, upper bound of the 95% CI of HR 1.01 (prespecified margin IP/EP <1.25). Overall response (39.1% versus 46.6%) and time to tumor progression (5.4 versus 6.2 months) were not superior for IP. Grade 3/4 vomiting (10.9% versus 4.4%) and diarrhea (15.4% versus 0.5%) were more common in the IP versus EP arm; grade 3/4 neutropenia was more frequent in the EP (59.6%) versus IP arm (38.1%). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the noninferiority of IP versus EP for survival in primarily Western patients with SCLC-ED. A meta-analysis is required to finally assess the role of irinotecan in this setting.
Chemopreventative effect of an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, ONO-1714, on inflammation-associated biliary carcinogenesis in hamsters.

The present study was designed to investigate whether an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-specific inhibitor, ONO-1714 [(1S, 5S, 6R, 7R)-7-chloro-3-imino-5-methyl-2-azabicyclo[4.1. 0] heptane], could prevent inflammation-associated biliary carcinogenesis in bilioenterostomized hamsters. Syrian golden hamsters underwent choledochojejunostomy and then received subcutaneous injections of the chemical carcinogen N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine every 2 weeks at a dose of 10 mg/kg body wt, starting 4 weeks after surgery and continuing for 18 weeks. The hamsters were divided into two groups according to their oral intake of either a standard pelleted diet containing ONO-1714 at 100 p.p.m. for 18 weeks (ONO group, n = 15) or an ordinary diet alone (control group, n = 15). The animals were killed 22 weeks after surgery, and the development of biliary tumors was examined histologically. The presence and degree of cholangitis, cell kinetic status of the biliary epithelium and iNOS expression were evaluated. Intrahepatic biliary adenomas developed in all control animals, whereas they developed in only seven (47%) hamsters treated with ONO-1714 (P < 0.05). Intrahepatic biliary carcinomas were present in 13 (87%) hamsters in the control group and in only 6 (40%) hamsters in the ONO groups (P < 0.05). Histological and immunohistochemical examinations demonstrated a significant decrease in the degree of cholangitis, biliary epithelial cell kinetics and the expression of iNOS in the biliary epithelium in the ONO group in comparison with the control (P < 0.05). These results indicate that ONO-1714 represses N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine-induced biliary carcinogenesis in bilioenterostomized hamsters and inhibits iNOS expression in the biliary epithelium. ONO-1714 may therefore be a promising agent for the prevention of biliary carcinoma in various inflammation-associated biliary disorders.