Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Application of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against a cancer promoter cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa.

BACKGROUND Nanotechnology opens new applications in many fields including medicine. Among all metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (silver NPS) have proved to be the most effective against a large variety of organisms including toxic cyanobacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Silver NPs were biosynthesized in vivo with different alga species namely, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus following two scenarios. First: by suspending a thoroughly washed algae biomass in 1 mM aqueous AgNO3 solution. Second: by culturing them individually in culture media containing the same concentration of AgNO3. Silver NPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive analysis (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The biosynthesized silver NPs were tested for cytotoxic activity against a cancer promoter cyanobacteruim Microcystis aeruginosa, considering effects on cell viability and chlorophyll content. RESULTS The surface plasmon band indicated the biosynthesis of silver NPs at ~400 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the silver NPs had a mean average size below 100 nm. Energy-dispersive analysis X-ray (EDX) spectra confirmed the presence of silver element. FTIR spectral analyses suggested that proteins and or polysaccharides may be responsible for the biosynthesis of silver NPs and (-COO-) of carboxylate ions is responsible for stabilizing them. The toxic potentialities of the biosynthesized silver NPs against the cancer promoter cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa showed high reduction in viable cells count and the total chlorophyll content. CONCLUSIONS The potential activity of the biosynthesized silver NPs from the studied algae species against Microcystis aeruginosa cells is expected to be mainly mediated by the release of silver ions (Ag+) from the particle surface and bioactive compounds as indicated by FTIR analysis.
Complex dynamics in unidirectionally coupled overdamped bistable systems subject to a time-periodic external signal.

Recently, we have studied the emergence of oscillatory behavior in overdamped undriven nonlinear dynamic systems subject to carefully crafted coupling schemes and operating conditions [V. In, Phys. Rev. E 68, 045102(R) (2003). ] The theoretical ideas have been validated in an experimental setup of N = 3 coupled ferromagnetic cores subject to a dc external magnetic "target" signal; the oscillations (corresponding to the periodic switching of each core between its stable steady states of magnetization) are triggered when the coupling constant crosses a threshold value, with the oscillation frequency exhibiting a characteristic scaling behavior with the "separation" of the coupling constant from its threshold value, as well as with the external signal amplitude. Here, we consider the system response to a time-periodic signal. We demonstrate experimentally that, depending on the signal amplitude and frequency, the response can be either synchronized to the signal frequency or to one-third this frequency. These phenomena afford unique techniques for time-periodic signal detection and characterization for a large class of sensors.
Amyloid beta-peptide 25-35 reduces [3H] acetylcholine release in retinal neurons. Involvement of metabolic dysfunction

Cholinergic pathways serve important functions in learning and memory processes. The loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and the presence of senile plaques composed by amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) are found in post-mortem brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the role of Aβ in the cholinergic dysfunction observed in AD is not yet clarified. In this study, we observed that the release of [3H]acetylcholine evoked by K+-depolarization was significantly lower in cells treated with Aβ25-35 peptide, than in untreated cells or in cells exposed to the reverse sequence peptide A p35-25 The levels of pyruvate, the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase, the enzyme involved in acetyl coenzyme A synthesis in the brain, which is rate-limiting for the synthesis of acetylcholine, were significantly decreased, about40%, in Aβ treated cells. Aβ25-35 did not affect choline acetyltransferase activity or [3H]choline uptake. 2-[3H]-deoxyglucose uptake was decreased when cells were exposed to Aβ25-35 or to Aβ1-4Q. Taken together these data suggest that an impairment of glycolysis, and the consequent decrease in pyruvate levels, may be responsible for the decrement of acetylcholine release observed in Aβ treated cells, thus sustaining the hypothesis that the cholinergic dysfunction, observed in AD patients, might be associated with extracellular Aβ accumulation.
A 330 GHz active frequency quadrupler in InP DHBT transferred-substrate technology

This paper presents a wideband 330 GHz frequency quadrupler using 0.8 μm transferred substrate (TS) InP-HBT technology. The process includes a heat-spreading diamond layer, which improves the power handling capability of the circuit. The quadrupler delivers -7 dBm output power at 325 GHz, at a DC consumption of only 40 mW, which corresponds to 0.5 % of efficiency. It achieves 90 GHz bandwidth and exhibits very low unwanted harmonics. The circuit utilizes a balanced architecture. The results demonstrate the potential of the InP TS.
Succinct indexable dictionaries with applications to encoding k-ary trees and multisets

We consider the <i>indexable dictionary</i> problem which consists in storing a set <i>S</i> ⊆ {0,…, <i>m</i> - 1} for some integer <i>m,</i> while supporting the operations of <i>rank</i>(<i>x</i>), which returns the number of elements in <i>S</i> that are less than <i>x</i> if <i>x</i> ε <i>S,</i> and -1 otherwise; and <i>select</i>(<i>i</i>) which returns the <i>i</i>-th smallest element in <i>S. </i>We give a structure that supports both operations in <i>O</i>(1) time on the RAM model and requires <i>B</i>(<i>n,m</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i>) + <i>O</i>(lg lg <i>m</i>) bits to store a set of size <i>n,</i> where <i>B</i>(<i>n,m</i>) = ⌈lg (<inf><i>n</i></inf><sup><i>m</i></sup>)⌉ is the minimum number of bits required to store any <i>n</i>-element subset from a universe of size <i>m. </i> Previous dictionaries taking this space only supported (yes/no) membership queries in <i>O</i>(1) time. In the cell probe model we can remove the <i>O</i>(lg lg <i>m</i>) additive term in the space bound, answering a question raised by Fich and Miltersen, and Pagh.We also present two applications of our dictionary structure:• An information-theoretically optimal representation for <i>k-ary cardinal trees</i> (aka <i>k</i>-ary tries). Our structure uses <i>C</i>(<i>n,k</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i> + lg <i>k</i>) bits to store a <i>k</i>-ary tree with <i>n</i> nodes and can support parent, <i>i</i>-th child, child labeled <i>i,</i> and the degree of a node in constant time, where <i>C</i>(<i>n,k</i>) is the minimum number of bits to store any <i>n</i>-node <i>k</i>-ary tree. Previous space efficient representations for cardinal <i>k</i>-ary trees required <i>C</i>(<i>n,k</i>) + Ω(<i>n</i>) bits. • An optimal representation for multisets where (appropriate generalisations of) the <i>select</i> and <i>rank</i> operations can be supported in <i>O</i>(1) time. Our structure uses <i>B</i>(<i>n, m + n</i>) + <i>o</i>(<i>n</i>) + <i>O</i>(lg lg <i>m</i>) bits to represent a multiset of size <i>n</i> from an <i>m</i> element set; the first term is the minimum number of bits required to represent such a multiset.
On the sum of gamma random variates with application to the performance of maximal ratio combining over Nakagami-m fading channels

The probability distribution function (PDF) and cumulative density function of the sum of L independent but not necessarily identically distributed gamma variates, applicable to maximal ratio combining receiver outputs or in other words applicable to the performance analysis of diversity combining receivers operating over Nakagami-m fading channels, is presented in closed form in terms of Meijer G-function and Fox H̅-function for integer valued fading parameters and non-integer valued fading parameters, respectively. Further analysis, particularly on bit error rate via PDF-based approach, too is represented in closed form in terms of Meijer G-function and Fox H̅-function for integer-order fading parameters, and extended Fox H̅--function (Ĥ) for non-integer-order fading parameters. The proposed results complement previous results that are either evolved in closed-form, or expressed in terms of infinite sums or higher order derivatives of the fading parameter m.
The Columbia University - New York University Abu Dhabi SIGMORPHON 2016 Morphological Reinflection Shared Task Submission

We present a high-level description and error analysis of the Columbia-NYUAD sys-tem for morphological reinﬂection, which builds on previous work on supervised morphological paradigm completion. Our system improved over the shared task baseline on some of the languages, reaching up to 30% absolute increase. Our ranking on average was 5th in Track 1, 8th in Track 2, and 3rd in Track 3.
The relationship between child-feeding problems and maternal mental health: a selective review

Objective: Research suggests that mothers of children with feeding problems (FP) experience significant stress and distress, and have elevated levels of psychopathology and dysfunctional interactions with their child. Method: Relevant literature was obtained from a search of key texts, journals and databases. Theoretical and empirical papers which examined maternal psychopathology in the context of child FP or which might inform our understanding of the interaction between the two presentations were selected. Results: The literature suggests that a uni- or bi-directional model is not sufficient to explain the relationship between maternal psychopathology and FP. Attachment theory offers a framework within which to understand the complexities of the relationship between child FP and maternal psychopathology but a range of child-related, social and environmental factors also need to be considered. Discussion: Detailed multidimensional formulations and interventions may be needed to enhance our understanding of and to achieve long-term change in dyads with co-morbid child-feeding and maternal mental health problems.
The Growth of Logical Thinking from Childhood to Adolescence

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Identifying Key Barriers to Unemployment Insurance for Disadvantaged Workers in the United States

Abstract This article seeks to identify key programmatic barriers to access to Unemployment Insurance (UI) faced by two groups of disadvantaged workers in the United States: those in the lowest wage quintile, and part-time workers who are primary wage earners. Analyses use the 2001 Panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a nationally representative, longitudinal survey administered by the United States Census Bureau. Estimates of UI eligibility and receipt are presented for those who enter a spell of unemployment during the panel. Results suggest that a large majority of disadvantaged workers in the United States already meet UI earnings (monetary) requirements, and that barriers to access are more often the result of disadvantaged workers (1) assuming they are ineligible, or (2) not meeting non-monetary eligibility requirements because they voluntarily quit their job or were terminated for cause. Much of the focus in policy debates in the United States remains on reforming UI earnings requirements. If results presented in this article are correct, increasing UI access among disadvantaged workers will further require increasing rates of application through expanded knowledge about the programme among disadvantaged workers, and expanding (non-monetary) eligibility for job leavers.
The Organizational Bases of Ethical Work Climates

Using a modification of a recently developed measure of ethical climates, this paper presents evidence from a survey of 872 employees of four firms that ethical cork climates are both multidimensional and multidetermined. The study demonstrates that organizations have distinct types of ethical climates and that there is variance in the ethical within organizations by position, tenure, and workgroup membership. Five empirically derived dimensions of ethical climate are described: law and code, caring, instrumentalism, independence, and rules. Analyses of variance reveal significant differences in ethical climates both across and within firms. A theory of ethical climates is developed from organizational and economic theory to describe the determinants of ethical climates in organizations. In particular, the sociocultural environment, organizational form, and organization-specific history are identified as determinants of ethical climates in organizations. The implications of ethical climate for organizational theory are also discussed.
Dietary Methyl Donor Depletion Protects Against Intestinal Tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ Mice

Despite recent population data, the influence of dietary folate supplementation on colon cancer risk remains controversial. This study examines the effects of folate deficiency, in combination with choline, methionine, and vitamin B12 depletion, on intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice. Methyl donor sufficient (MDS) and deficient (MDD) diets were started at five or 10 weeks of age and tumors evaluated at 16 weeks. MDD suppressed intestinal tumor formation in ApcMin/+ mice (∼80%) when started at five weeks of age. The protective effect was lost when MDD was initiated at 10 weeks of age, indicating an important time dependency on cancer suppression. Concomitant with cancer protection, MDD restricted body weight gain. Therefore, a second study was conducted in which MDS was given ad libitum or pair-fed with MDD. Although small intestinal tumors were reduced 54% in pair-fed MDS mice, MDD caused a further reduction (96%). In colon, although MDD did not affect tumor numbers, tumor size was reduced. Gene expression profiling of normal-appearing colonic mucosa after 11 weeks on MDD identified a total of 493 significantly downregulated genes relative to the MDS group. Pathway analysis placed many of these genes within general categories of inflammatory signaling and cell-cycle regulation, consistent with recently published human data obtained during folate depletion. Further studies are warranted to investigate the complex interplay of methyl donor status and cancer protection in high-risk populations. Cancer Prev Res; 5(7); 911–20. ©2012 AACR.
Neutrophils Process Exogenous Bacteria Via an Alternate Class I MHC Processing Pathway for Presentation of Peptides to T Lymphocytes1

Peptides that are presented by class I MHC (MHC-I) molecules derive from cytosolic Ags processed via the conventional MHC-I pathway or exogenous Ags processed via alternate MHC-I processing mechanisms. Alternate MHC-I processing by macrophages and dendritic cells allows presentation of peptides from particulate Ags, including bacteria. Despite the established phagocytic activity of neutrophils, MHC-I processing and presentation of phagocytosed Ags by neutrophils has not been investigated. Murine neutrophils from peritoneal exudates were shown to express MHC-I molecules and tested for the ability to process HB101.Crl-OVA, Escherichia coli transfected to express a fusion protein containing the 257–264 epitope of OVA. Neutrophils were found to process HB101.Crl-OVA and present OVA257–264-Kb complexes to CD8OVA T hybridoma cells via a pathway that was resistant to brefeldin A, an inhibitor of anterograde endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport, and lactacystin, a proteasome inhibitor. These results suggest that neutrophils process phagocytosed bacteria via a vacuolar alternate MHC-I pathway that does not involve cytosolic processing. In addition, neutrophils were found to secrete or “regurgitate” processed peptide that was subsequently presented by neighboring prefixed macrophages or dendritic cells. Thus, neutrophils may influence T cell responses to bacteria, either by directly presenting peptide-MHC-I complexes or by delivering peptides to other APCs for presentation. Hypothetically, neutrophils may directly present peptide to effector T cells in vivo at sites of inflammation, inducing cytokine production, whereas dendritic cells in receipt of neutrophil-derived antigenic peptides may migrate to lymphoid organs to initiate T cell responses.
Point-based tree representation: A new approach for large hierarchies

Space-filling layout techniques for tree representations are frequently used when the available screen space is small or the data set is large. In this paper, we propose a new approach to space-filling tree representations, which uses mechanisms from the point-based rendering paradigm. Additionally, helpful interaction techniques that tie in with our layout are presented. We will relate our new technique to established space-filling techniques along the lines of a newly developed classification and also evaluate it numerically using the measures of the Ink-Paper-Ratio and overplotted%.
Multiple identifications during team meetings: A comparison of conventional and computer‐supported interactions

The renewed popularity of team meetings and the growth of electronic meeting systems has been paralleled by reports of declining loyalty, or identification, in organizations. The research reported here addresses two issues: (a) How do identifications with various facets of the workplace during team meetings compare to more general assessments of identification in the workplace? and (b) How do conventional (face‐to‐face) and computer‐mediated meetings compare with regard to identification? Data from 122 members of 11 intact organizational teams, meeting in either a conventional or computer‐supported format, reveal that identification scores during team meetings are consistently less than general identification scores and that computer‐supported team meetings exhibit lower group, organizational, and occupational identifications than do conventional team meetings.
Political Unification, a Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces.

CONTENTS Foreword William T. R. Fox, Director, Institute of War and Peace Studies, Columbia University vii Preface ix Introduction xvii Part One. A PARADIGM FOR THE STUDY OF POLITICAL UNIFICATION Chapter 1 - Delineation of the Subject and of Elementary Concepts 3 Chapter 2 Political Unification 14 THE PREUNIFICATION STATE 16 THE UNIFICATION PROCESS: A. INTEGRATING POWER 37 THE UNIFICATION PROCESS: B. INTEGRATED SECTORS 51 TERMINATION STATE 60 Part Two. DISTRIBUTION AND CONFIGURATION OF INTEGRATING POWERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS INTEGRATING POWER: EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTIONS 68 INTEGRATING POWER: EFFECTIVE COMPOSITIONS 71
Empathy and alexithymia in borderline personality disorder: clinical and laboratory measures.

The authors aimed to understand the role of alexithymia in borderline personality disorder (BPD). A total of 79 BPD patients, 76 healthy controls, and 39 patients with avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) were included. Alexithymia and its influence on interpersonal functioning were assessed. The authors explored group differences in empathy in relation to interpersonal function, and they measured responses to emotional pictures with a computer task in which subjects focused either on the experience of the individual in the picture or the subject's own imagined experience. Patients with BPD and AVPD had higher alexithymia than those in the control group. Patients with BPD had more difficulty identifying their own emotions than patients with AVPD. Patients with BPD reported poorer ability to take the perspective of others, but higher distress; they showed intact "empathic concern. " Differences in computer task performance were clearest during self-relevant responses to negatively valenced pictures. BPD patients are highly responsive to the feelings of others, but they are impaired in identifying/describing feelings and in taking the perspective of others.
A Hierarchical Clustering for Categorical Data Based on Holo-Entropy

High dimensional data clustering is a difficult task in clustering analysis. Subspace clustering is an effective approach. The principle of subspace clustering is to maximize the retention of the original data information while searching for the minimal size of subspace for cluster representation. Based on information entropy and Holo-entropy, we propose an adaptive high dimensional weighted subspace clustering algorithm. The algorithm employs information entropy to extract the feature subspace, uses class compactness which binding Holo-entropy with weight in subspace for sub-clusters merging instead of the traditional similarity measurement method, and it selects the most compacted two sub-clusters to merge to achieve the maximum degree clustering effect. The algorithm is tested on nine UCI dataset, and compared with other algorithms. Our algorithm is better in both efficiency and accuracy than the other existing algorithms and has high reproducibility.
Meaning in the Context of Stress and Coping

Although theoretical and empirical work on topics related to meaning and meaning making proliferate, careful evaluation and integration of this area have not been carried out. Toward this end, this article has 3 goals: (a) to elaborate the critical dimensions of meaning as it relates to stressful life events and conditions, (b) to extend the transactional model of stress and coping to include these dimensions, and (c) to provide a framework for understanding current research and directions for future research within this extended model. First, the authors present a framework for understanding diverse conceptual and operational definitions of meaning by distinguishing 2 levels of meaning, termed global meaning and situationalmeaning. Second, the authors use this framework to review and synthesize the literature on the functions of meaning in the coping process and propose a definition of meaningmaking that highlights the critical role of reappraisal. The authors specify the roles of attributions throughout the coping process and discuss implications for future research.
Two‐stage design for dose‐finding that accounts for both efficacy and safety

We introduce a two‐stage design for dose‐finding in the context of Phase I/II studies, where two binary correlated endpoints are available, for instance, one for efficacy and one for toxicity. The bivariate probit model is used as a working model for the dose–response relationship. Given a ‘desirable point’ for the marginal probabilities of efficacy and toxicity, the goal is to find the target dose that is ‘closest’ to the desirable point. The criterion of optimality (objective function) is the variance of the estimator for that dose. Optimal experimental design methodology is used to construct efficient dose allocation procedures that treat patients in the study at doses that are both safe and efficacious. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.