Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conceptual framework of value creation through CSR in separate member of value creation chain

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to prepare a conceptual framework which would help to determine where any kind of value might emerge while various actions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are implemented. Such conceptual framework is suggested as a backbone for further research and empiric justification in order to develop a simplified yet effective CSR outcome evaluation model which might be used in practice in any company. Such practical model should help to determine which CSR action might bring maximized value outcome with lowest costs. The main attention in this paper is concentrated only on a single company as a member of value creation chain (VCC). The paper lays foundation for perspective to develop the research in a holistic way - to evaluate the effect of CSR integration in whole VCC. Many authors have debated the different possibilities of simultaneously incorporating social, environmental and economic concerns into management thinking and practice (Aguilera et al., 2007) in organizational behavior; Buysse and Verbeke (2003); Starkey and Crane (2003); Barin-Cruz et al. (2006) in strategic management. All those scholars have been developing concept of CSR from different point of view. This paper concerns value creation through CSR as economical category. But therefore in order to indicate areas of possible value creation, various all above mentioned aspects of CSR concept are taken into account. This paper suggests a framework of value creation through CSR, considering CSR implementation might help to create shared value for few beneficiaries simultaneously. The framework consists of all four types of responsibilities described by Carroll (1999), different levels of CSR activity, three major groups of beneficiaries (company, society, stakeholders) and areas of possible value creation.
Ocean acidification reduces induction of coral settlement by crustose coralline algae

Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are a critical component of coral reefs as they accrete carbonate for reef structure and act as settlement substrata for many invertebrates including corals. CCA host a diversity of microorganisms that can also play a role in coral settlement and metamorphosis processes. Although the sensitivity of CCA to ocean acidification (OA) is well established, the response of their associated microbial communities to reduced pH and increased CO2 was previously not known. Here we investigate the sensitivity of CCA‐associated microbial biofilms to OA and determine whether or not OA adversely affects the ability of CCA to induce coral larval metamorphosis. We experimentally exposed the CCA Hydrolithon onkodes to four pH/pCO2 conditions consistent with current IPCC predictions for the next few centuries (pH: 8.1, 7.9, 7.7, 7.5, pCO2: 464, 822, 1187, 1638 μatm). Settlement and metamorphosis of coral larvae was reduced on CCA pre‐exposed to pH 7.7 (pCO2 = 1187 μatm) and below over a 6‐week period. Additional experiments demonstrated that low pH treatments did not directly affect the ability of larvae to settle, but instead most likely altered the biochemistry of the CCA or its microbial associates. Detailed microbial community analysis of the CCA revealed diverse bacterial assemblages that altered significantly between pH 8.1 (pCO2 = 464 μatm) and pH 7.9 (pCO2 = 822 μatm) with this trend continuing at lower pH/higher pCO2 treatments. The shift in microbial community composition primarily comprised changes in the abundance of the dominant microbes between the different pH treatments and the appearance of new (but rare) microbes at pH 7.5. Microbial shifts and the concomitant reduced ability of CCA to induce coral settlement under OA conditions projected to occur by 2100 is a significant concern for the development, maintenance and recovery of reefs globally.
Social networks community detection using the Shapley value

By increasing the popularity of social networking websites like Facebook and Twitter, analysis of the structure of these networks receives significant attentions. The most important part of these analyses is towards detecting communities. The aforementioned structures are known with extremely high inter-connections versus few intra-connections in the graphs. In this paper, we have addressed the community detection problem by a novel framework based on Information Diffusion Model and Shapley Value Concept. Here, each node of the underlying graph is attributed to a rational agent trying to maximize its Shapley Value in the form of information it receives. Nash equilibrium of the game corresponds to the community structure of the graph. Compared with other methods, our approach demonstrates promising results on the well-known real world and synthetic graphs.
Classification of Speech Acts in Tutorial Dialog

Computer models of tutorial dialog need to segment and classify the learner’s contributions into sequences of speech acts. The responses of the computer tutor we have developed (called AutoTutor) need to be sensitive to the speech acts of the learner’s contribution during the previous turn. We developed and tested some models that classified the speech acts in naturalistic tutorial dialog into four categories: Assertions, Yes/No Questions, WH-Questions, and Frozen Expressions. The three models consist of (1) a Brill part of speech tagger, a syntactic parser, and a symbolic postprocessor, (2) a feed-forward neural network, and (3) a model based on surface linguistic features. The parsing model had the best performance; classifying speech acts with 79% accuracy. Based on the data from this study, further research will be directed toward the usefulness of a hybrid model that uses a parser to extract the main clause, which can then be classified using a neural network.
A Dream Model: Reactivation and Re-encoding Mechanisms for Sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation

We humans spend almost a third of our lives asleep, and there is mounting evidence that sleep not only maintains, but actually improves many of our cognitive functions. Memory consolidation - the process of crystallizing and integrating memories into knowledge and skills - is particularly benefitted by sleep. We survey the evidence that sleep aids memory consolidation in various declarative and implicit memory tasks and review the basic neurophysiological structure of sleep with a focus on understanding what neural systems are involved. Drawing on machine learning research, we discuss why it might be useful for humans–and robots, perhaps–to have such an offline period for processing, even though humans are clearly capable of learning incrementally, online. Finally, we propose and simulate two mechanisms for use in computational memory models to accomplish sleep-based consolidation via either or both 1) re-encoding knowledge representations and 2) reactivating and strengthening recent memories.
A secure and resistant architecture against attacks for mobile ad hoc networks

In this paper, we propose a new architecture based on an efficient trust model and secure distributed clustering algorithm (SDCA) in order to distribute a certification authority (CA) for ensuring the distribution of certificates in each cluster. We use the combination of a fully self-organized security for trust models like pretty good privacy (PGP) adapted to ad hoc technology and the clustering algorithm which is based on the use of trust and mobility metrics, in order to select the clusterhead and to establish a public key infrastructure (PKI) in each cluster for authentication and exchange of data. Furthermore, we present a new approach: the dynamic demilitarized zone (DDMZ) to protect the CA in each cluster. The principal idea of DDMZ consists in selecting the dispensable nodes, also called registration authorities (RAs); these nodes must be confident and located at one-hope from the CA. Their roles are to receive, filter and treat the requests from any unknown node to the CA. With this approach, we can avoid the single point of failure in each cluster. Moreover, we propose a probabilistic model to define the direct connectivity between confident nodes in order to study the resistance degree of the DDMZ against different attacks. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the proposed SDCA and we estimate the robustness and the availability of DDMZ through the simulations. The effects of direct connectivity and transmission range on the stability and security of the network are analyzed. The simulation's results confirm that the proposed architecture is scalable, secure, and more resistant against attacks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interlaboratory Study on the Lithographically Produced Scanning Electron Microscope Magnification Standard Prototype

NIST is in the process of developing a new scanning electron microscope (SEM) magnification calibration reference standard useful at both high and low accelerating voltages. This standard will be useful for all applications to which the SEM is currently being used, but it has been specifically tailored to meet many of the particular needs of the semiconductor industry. A small number of test samples with the pattern were prepared on silicon substrates using electron beam lithography at the National Nanofabrication Facility at Cornell University. The structures were patterned in titanium/palladium with maximum nominal pitch structures of approximately 3000 μm scaling down to structures with minimum nominal pitch of 0.4 (μm. Eighteen of these samples were sent out to a total of 35 university, research, semiconductor and other industrial laboratories in an interlaboratory study. The purpose of the study was to test the SEM instrumentation and to review the suitability of the sample design. The laboratories were asked to take a series of micrographs at various magnifications and accelerating voltages designed to test several of the aspects of instrument performance related to general SEM operation and metrology. If the instrument in the laboratory was used for metrology, the laboratory was also asked to make specific measurements of the sample. In the first round of the study (representing 18 laboratories), data from 35 instruments from several manufacturers were obtained and the second round yielded information from 14 more instruments. The results of the analysis of the data obtained in this study are presented in this paper.
Anomaly freedom in Seiberg-Witten noncommutative gauge theories

We show that noncommutative gauge theories with arbitrary compact gauge group defined by means of the Seiberg-Witten map have the same one-loop anomalies as their commutative counterparts. This is done in two steps. By explicitly calculating the epsilon(mu1mu2mu3mu4) part of the renormalized effective action, we first find the would-be one-loop anomaly of the theory to all orders in the noncommutativity parameter theta(munu). And secondly we isolate in the would-be anomaly radiative corrections which are not BRS trivial. This gives as the only true anomaly occurring in the theory the standard Bardeen anomaly of commutative spacetime, which is set to zero by the usual anomaly cancellation condition.
Detecting move operations in versioning information

Recently, there is an increasing research interest in mining versioning information, i.e. the analysis of the transactions made on version systems to understand how and when a software system evolves. One particular area of interest is the identification of move operations as these are key indicators for refactorings. Unfortunately, there exists no evaluation which identifies the quality (expressed in precision and recall) of the most commonly used detection technique and its underlying principle of name identity. To overcome this problem, the paper compares the precision and recall values of the name-based technique with two alternative techniques, one based on line matching and one based on identifier matching, by means of two case studies. From the results of these studies we conclude that the name-based technique is very precise, yet misses a significant number of move operations (low recall value). To improve the trade-off it is worthwhile to consider the line-based technique since it detects more matches with a slightly worse precision, or to use the number of overlapping identifiers when combined with an additional filter
G-protein coupled receptor subfamily identification using phylogenetic comparison of gene and species trees

Most approaches to prediction of protein function from primary structure are based on similarity between the query sequence and sequences of known function. This approach, however, disregards the occurrence of gene duplication (paralogy) or convergent evolution of the genes. The analysis of correlated proteins that share a common domain, taking into consideration the evolutionary history of genes under study may provide a more reliable annotation of predicted proteins with unknown function. A computer program that enables real-time comparison of 'gene trees' with 'species trees' was developed. The Phylogenetic Genome Annotator (PGA) performs a profile based multiple sequence alignment of a set of sequences that share a common domain to generate a phylogenetic gene tree, which is compared to the species phylogeny inferred from aligned ribossomal RNA data. The correlated protein domains are then displayed side-by-side with the phylogeny of the corresponding species. The statistical support of gene clusters (branches) is given by the quartet puzzling method. This analysis readily discriminates paralogs from orthologs, enabling the identification of proteins originated by gene duplications and the prediction of possible functional divergence in groups of similar sequences. The tool was tested in three distinct subfamilies of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. In the analysed datasets, the paralogy prediction agreed with the known subfamily grouping, suggesting that subfamily divergence was facilitated by duplication events in the ancestral nodes.
Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behavioural problems in children living in low- and middle-income countries: study protocol of a systematic review

Introduction Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) are among the most common forms of child psychopathology and have serious long-term academic, social, and mental health consequences worldwide. Psychosocial treatments are the first line of evidence-based treatments for DBDs, yet their effectiveness often varies according to patient sociodemographic characteristics, practice setting, and implementation procedures. While a large majority of the world's children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), most studies have evaluated psychosocial treatments for DBDs in high-income Anglo countries. Methods and analysis The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects of psychosocial treatments for DBDs in children and adolescents (under age 18) diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or other disruptive behavioural problems living in LMIC. The secondary objectives are to: (1) describe the range and types of psychosocial treatments used to address DBDs in LMIC and (2) identify key dissemination and implementation factors (adaptation processes, training/supervision processes, and financial costs). All controlled trials comparing psychosocial treatments versus waiting list, no treatment, or treatment as usual in children living in LMIC will be included. Studies will be identified using the methods outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without restrictions on language, publication type, status, or date of publication. The primary outcome measures will be disruptive behavioural problems (eg, oppositionality, defiance, aggression or deceit). Secondary outcomes will be positive mental health outcomes (eg, prosocial behaviour), function impairment, institutionalisation (or hospitalisation), academic outcomes and caregiver outcomes. Ethics and dissemination This study uses data from published studies; therefore ethical review is not required. Findings will be presented in a published manuscript. Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42014015334.
NONSTEADY ACCRETION IN PROTOSTARS

Observations indicate that mass accretion rates onto low-mass protostars are generally lower than the rates of infall to their disks; this suggests that much of the protostellar mass must be accreted during rare, short outbursts of rapid accretion. We explore when protostellar disk accretion is likely to be highly variable. While constant α disks can in principle adjust their accretion rates to match infall rates, protostellar disks are unlikely to have constant α. In particular, we show that neither models with angular momentum transport due solely to the magnetorotational instability (MRI) nor gravitational instability (GI) are likely to transport disk mass at protostellar infall rates over the large range of radii needed to move infalling envelope material down to the central protostar. We show that the MRI and GI are likely to combine to produce outbursts of rapid accretion starting at a few AU. Our analysis is consistent with the time-dependent models of Armitage et al. and agrees with our observational study of the outbursting object FU Ori.
Motion selection and motion parameter control using data gloves

We present a data-glove-based interface that controls many types of motion and their styles. We use hand positions to select a motion type and finger angles to control the motion parameters. We employ motion blending to generate the target motion with a set of example motion data for each type of motion. Finally, we intend to conduct a user experiment in which we compare our interface with an equivalent gamepad-based interface.
Meatoplasty in Canal wall down Surgery: Our Experience and Literature Review

Introduction: Meatoplasty is the final and essential step in performing effective canal wall down surgery for chronic otitis media. In this article we review some previous techniques and discuss our preferred method. Materials and Methods: In this observational case series study, we used this technique in 53 patients (28 male and 25 female) between January 2005 and January 2008. Our survey was completed in 31 patients. Results: Twenty-six patients (83.9%) said their ear appeared normal after the procedure, but five patients (16.1%) complained of some minor change in the shape of their ear. Twenty-nine patients (93.5%) had a completely wide ear canal. The ear canal had some degree of stenosis in two patients (6.5%) post-operatively. Conclusion: This technique offers good functional and cosmetic results with minimal manipulation and minimal anatomic disruption.
Dynamic model and scheduling system for a real-time pickup and delivery problem with time windows

The Real-Time Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows (RTPDPTW), typically found in logistic company, is a problem of finding a set of optimal routes for a fleet of vehicles with fixed capacity in order to serve all the static and dynamic customers. Each customer is defined by a pickup point and a delivery point and a load. In this paper, the dynamic model of RTPDPTW is given firstly, and then the framework of scheduling system is proposed to deal with the dynamism of RTPDPTW. A quick heuristic algorithm based on Λ-opt algorithm, which is fast, simple and robust, is proposed to solve RTPDPTW with large scale. Finally, the simulation result shows that our scheduling system can generate satisfying solution and is capable of dealing with the RTPDPTW in real life conditions.
Modelling Business Services with Situation Theory

In the business domain requirements are typically expressed in natural language. Any formal specifications based on high level abstractions are generally imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent. As a result the implementation of business systems often fails to deliver solutions as expected as consequence of the discontinuity between models at different levels of abstraction. Situation theory combines linguistics and logic to form a framework for capturing and manipulating information. In this work we apply situation theory to process specifications defined using natural language and create formal specification artefacts which are amenable to processing using model based software engineering methods.
Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase Is Necessary and Sufficient to Overcome the Block of Axonal Growth by Myelin-Associated Factors

Neurons in the CNS do not regenerate following injury; regeneration is blocked by inhibitory proteins in myelin, such as myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG). Elevating neuronal levels of the second messenger cAMP overcomes this blocked axonal outgrowth. One way to elevate cAMP is pretreating neurons with neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, pleiotropic effects and poor bioavailability make exogenous administration of neurotrophins in vivo problematic; therefore, alternative targets must be considered. In neurons, two families of adenylyl cyclases synthesize cAMP, transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs), and soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Here, we demonstrate that sAC is the essential source of cAMP for BDNF to overcome MAG-dependent inhibition of neurite outgrowth. Elevating sAC in rat and mouse neurons is sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth on myelin in vitro and promotes regeneration in vivo. These results suggest that stimulators of sAC might represent a novel therapeutic strategy to promote axonal growth and regeneration.
Predicting student performance using decision tree classifiers and information gain

As competitive environment is prevailing among the academic institutions, challenge is to increase the quality of education through data mining. Student's performance is of great concern to the higher education. In this paper, we have applied data mining techniques by evaluating student's data using decision trees which is helpful in predicting the student's results. In this paper, we have calculated the Entropy of the attributes taken in Educational Data Set and the attribute having highest Information Gain is taken as the root node to split further. The results generated using Data Mining Techniques help faculty members to focus on students who are getting poor class results.
The quantitative genetic basis of offspring solicitation and parental response in a passerine bird with biparental care

The coevolution of parental investment and offspring solicitation is driven by partly different evolutionary interests of genes expressed in parents and their offspring. In species with biparental care, the outcome of this conflict may be influenced by the sexual conflict over parental investment. Models for the resolution of such family conflicts have made so far untested assumptions about genetic variation and covariation in the parental resource provisioning response and the level of offspring solicitation. Using a combination of cross-fostering and begging playback experiments, we show that, in the great tit (Parus major), (i) the begging call intensity of nestlings depends on their common origin, suggesting genetic variation for this begging display, (ii) only mothers respond to begging calls by increased food provisioning, and (iii) the size of the parental response is positively related to the begging call intensity of nestlings in the maternal but not paternal line. This study indicates that genetic covariation, its differential expression in the maternal and paternal lines and/or early environmental and parental effects need to be taken into account when predicting the phenotypic outcome of the conflict over investment between genes expressed in each parent and the offspring.