Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection of Superpoints Using a Vector Bloom Filter

Internet attacks, such as distributed denial-of-service attacks and worm attacks, are increasing in severity and frequency. Identifying and mitigating realtime attacks are an important and challenging task for network administrators. An infected host can make a large number of connections to distinct destinations during a short time. Such a host is called a superpoint. Detecting superpoints can be utilized for traffic engineering and anomaly detection. This paper proposes a novel data streaming method for detecting superpoints and proves guarantees on its accuracy with low memory requirements. The superior performance of this method comes from a new data structure, called vector bloom filter (VBF), which is a variant of standard BF. The VBF consists of six hash functions, four of which take some consecutive bits from the input string as the corresponding value, respectively. The information of superpoints is obtained by using the overlapping of hash bit strings of the VBF. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can detect superpoints precisely and efficiently through comparison with other existing approaches.
Multimodal Optimization Using a Bi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm

In a multimodal optimization task, the main purpose is to find multiple optimal solutions (global and local), so that the user can have better knowledge about different optimal solutions in the search space and as and when needed, the current solution may be switched to another suitable optimum solution. To this end, evolutionary optimization algorithms (EA) stand as viable methodologies mainly due to their ability to find and capture multiple solutions within a population in a single simulation run. With the preselection method suggested in 1970, there has been a steady suggestion of new algorithms. Most of these methodologies employed a niching scheme in an existing single-objective evolutionary algorithm framework so that similar solutions in a population are deemphasized in order to focus and maintain multiple distant yet near-optimal solutions. In this paper, we use a completely different strategy in which the single-objective multimodal optimization problem is converted into a suitable bi-objective optimization problem so that all optimal solutions become members of the resulting weak Pareto-optimal set. With the modified definitions of domination and different formulations of an artificially created additional objective function, we present successful results on problems with as large as 500 optima. Most past multimodal EA studies considered problems having only a few variables. In this paper, we have solved up to 16-variable test problems having as many as 48 optimal solutions and for the first time suggested multimodal constrained test problems which are scalable in terms of number of optima, constraints, and variables. The concept of using bi-objective optimization for solving single-objective multimodal optimization problems seems novel and interesting, and more importantly opens up further avenues for research and application.
Generalized canonical correlation for passive multistatic radar detection

In this paper, we consider the problem of target detection in passive multistatic radar. In passive radar, we make use of illuminators of opportunity. As the illuminators are not under our direct control, the illuminating signal itself is unknown. We propose a signal model which reflects this. In deriving a maximum-likelihood estimator for the unknown parameters, including the illumination, we find that the maximum value of the likelihood is a monotonic function of the largest eigenvalue of the Gram matrix of the received signals. The generalised likelihood ratio test turns out to be equivalent to comparison of the largest eigenvalue against a threshold, so we propose its use as a target detection statistic. The proposed detector is similar to generalised canonical correlation in multivariate statistics. The benefit of using this statistic over others such as generalised variance is demonstrated through numerical simulations in the context of passive radar using DVB-T signals.
The yeast kinase Yck2 has a tripartite palmitoylation signal

Yck2, like many palmitoylation substrate proteins, lacks hydrophobicity for targeting to membranes and thus to its Golgi-localized palmitoyl-transferase. Perhaps accommodating this targeting need, the Yck2 palmitoylation signal is found to be large and complex, consisting of domains local to, and distant from, the modification site cysteines.
Acute Experimental Hyperthyroidism Does Not Affect Basal and Volume-Induced Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Secretion in Healthy Subjects

Background. Excess circulating thyroid hormones are associated with increased cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion but the exact mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated in vivo. Methods. To examine whether thyroid hormone regulation of ANP secretion is the result of a direct action on the myocardium and/or of an indirect action through alterations in the peripheral circulation, plasma ANP levels (baseline and volume expansion-induced) were evaluated in 14 healthy men, before and after triiodothyronine (T3) administration. Results. T3 administration was followed by a significant increase in serum T3 levels and a significant decrease in serum TSH levels, without significantly affecting ANP levels. Systemic vascular resistance, plasma rennin activity (PRA), and aldosterone (ALDO) levels, as well as indices of left atrial function, were not significantly altered, despite a significant increase in cardiac output. Plasma volume expansion, induced by a 1500 ml normal saline (NSal) infusion, both before and after T3 administration, was followed by a significant decrease in PRA and ALDO and a significant increase in plasma ANP levels, without significantly affecting the mean blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in each study period. The NSal-induced response, measured as the integrated area under the curve corrected for baseline values (-AUC), was not different after T3 administration for ANP, ALDO, PRA, HR, and mean BP. Conclusion. In vivo thyroid hormone-induced myocardial ANP secretion is the result of an indirect action mainly through hemodynamic changes that increase atrial stretch.
Properties and Inference for Proportional Hazard Models

We consider an arbitrary continuous cumulative distribution function F(x) with a probability density function f(x) = dF(x)=dx and hazard function hf (x) = f(x)=[1􀀀F(x)]: We propose a new family of distributions, the so-called proportional hazard distribution-function, whose hazard function is proportional to hf (x). The new model can fit data with high asymmetry or kurtosis outside the range covered by the normal, t-student and logistic distributions, among others. We estimate the parameters by maximum likelihood, profile likelihood and the elemental percentile method. The observed and expected information matrices are determined and likelihood tests for some hypotheses of interest are also considered in the proportional hazard normal distribution. We show an application to real data, which illustrates the adequacy of the proposed model.
Fuzzy strategy with overshoot suppressor for electronic throttle control

Electronic throttle actuator is a nonlinear device which has various factors, such as delay time of backlash, gear friction, throttle valve friction and stiffness of spring, can affect to the responsiveness of vehicle control. The major impact on electronic throttle control is the return spring load. It can cause both overshoot and undershoot behaviors while the electronic throttle operates. This paper presents an overshoot/undershoot suppressor technique by using anti-windup algorithm with simple architecture to eliminate unwanted behaviors. In the experiment, a conventional PID controller and the proposed fuzzy-PI controller are used, and also implemented into microcontroller chip. In addition, this paper reveals a single phase driver circuit for hardware setup. The experiment results show that the controllers with proposed overshoot suppressor can perform effectively. The controller performance is evaluated by using standard criteria: an integral of square error (ISE), an integral of absolute error (IAE), a maximum overshoot (OVM) and a maximum settling time (STM).
An overview of vehicular platoon control under the four-component framework

The platooning of autonomous ground vehicles has potential to largely benefit the road traffic, including enhancing highway safety, improving traffic utility and reducing fuel consumption. The main goal of platoon control is to ensure all the vehicles in the same group to move at consensual speed while maintaining desired spaces between adjacent vehicles. This paper presents an overview of vehicular platoon control techniques from networked control perspective, which naturally decomposes a platoon into four interrelated components, i.e., 1) node dynamics (ND), 2) information flow topology (IFT), 3) distributed controller (DC) and, 4) geometry formation (GF). Under the four-component framework, existing literature are categorized and analyzed according to their technical features. Three main performance metrics, i.e. string stability, stability margin and coherence behavior, are also discussed.
A Triliteral Word Roots Extraction Using Neural Network For Arabic

Many of existing Arabic stemming algorithms use a large set of rules. In many cases, they refer to a lookup table of patterns and roots. This requires a large storage space, and time to access the information. A novel neural network based approach for stemming Arabic words is proposed in this paper. This approach attempts to exploit numerical relations between characters by using backpropagation neural network (BPNN). No such system in literature can be found that uses neural network to extract the stemming of Arabic words
Democracy and the European Union : theory, practice and reform

Introductory Overview The 'Democratic Deficit' and the Normative Turn in European Union Studies Bringing Functionalism Back In Critical Deliberativism, Liberal Democracy and the Democratic Deficit Reconfiguring Sovereignty Subsidiarity and Flexibility Institutional Reform The Paradoxical Case of the European Parliament Increasing EU Scope and Powers The Cases of Environment and Regional Policies Demos Construction The Arrested Development of European Citizenship Conclusions Towards Substantive Democracy in the European Union
Feeding the Empire: The Pathologies of Globalized Agriculture

In this essay I argue that agriculture and food have all along invisibly underpinned relations of property and power in the world system. Now they have finally emerged as key points of conflict in international organizations. A perspective on power and wealth different from the usual one, which emphasizes agriculture as an industry, may indicate alternative paths out of the present impasse of global rule-making. With this goal, I explore in turn (and in brief) the past, present, and possible futures of agriculture, and the social forces at play in determining the conditions under which any possible future will unfold. At the heart of any solution to today's global agricultural impasse the dilemma, I conclude, is an appreciation of 'livelihoods' and 'habitats', that is the living foundations of all human societies: healthy human bodies and relationships and earthly cycles of air, water, soil, and organisms.
Hormone-Dependent Expression of a Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein Natural Antisense Transcript in MA-10 Mouse Tumor Leydig Cells

Cholesterol transport is essential for many physiological processes, including steroidogenesis. In steroidogenic cells hormone-induced cholesterol transport is controlled by a protein complex that includes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Star is expressed as 3.5-, 2.8-, and 1.6-kb transcripts that differ only in their 3′-untranslated regions. Because these transcripts share the same promoter, mRNA stability may be involved in their differential regulation and expression. Recently, the identification of natural antisense transcripts (NATs) has added another level of regulation to eukaryotic gene expression. Here we identified a new NAT that is complementary to the spliced Star mRNA sequence. Using 5′ and 3′ RACE, strand-specific RT-PCR, and ribonuclease protection assays, we demonstrated that Star NAT is expressed in MA-10 Leydig cells and steroidogenic murine tissues. Furthermore, we established that human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates Star NAT expression via cAMP. Our results show that sense-antisense Star RNAs may be coordinately regulated since they are co-expressed in MA-10 cells. Overexpression of Star NAT had a differential effect on the expression of the different Star sense transcripts following cAMP stimulation. Meanwhile, the levels of StAR protein and progesterone production were downregulated in the presence of Star NAT. Our data identify antisense transcription as an additional mechanism involved in the regulation of steroid biosynthesis.
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Reverses Ischemia-Related Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling: Molecular-Cellular and Functional Assessment

An optimal treatment for patients with diffuse obstructive arterial disease unsuitable for catheter-based or surgical intervention is still pending. This study tested the hypothesis that extracorporeal shock wave (ECSW) therapy may be a therapeutic alternative under such clinical situation. Myocardial ischemia was induced in male mini-pigs through applying an ameroid constrictor over mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD). Twelve mini-pigs were equally randomized into group 1 (Constrictor over LAD only) and group 2 (Constrictor over LAD plus ECSW [800 impulses at 0.09 mJ/mm2] once 3 months after the procedure). Results showed that the parameters measured by echocardiography did not differ between two groups on days 0 and 90. However, echocardiography and left ventricular (LV) angiography showed higher LV ejection fraction and lower LV end-systolic dimension and volume in group 2 on day 180 (p<0.035). Besides, mRNA and protein expressions of CXCR4 and SDF-1α were increased in group 2 (p<0.04). Immunofluorescence staining also showed higher number of vWF-, CD31-, SDF-1α-, and CXCR4-positive cells in group 2 (all p<0.04). Moreover, immunohistochemical staining showed notably higher vessel density but lower mean fibrosis area, number of CD40-positive cells and apoptotic nuclei in group 2 (all p<0.045). Mitochondrial protein expression of oxidative stress was lower, whereas cytochrome-C was higher in group 2 (all p<0.03). Furthermore, mRNA expressions of MMP-9, Bax and caspase-3 were lower, whereas Bcl-2, eNOS, VEGF and PGC-1α were higher in group 2 (all p<0.01). In conclusion, ECSW therapy effectively reversed ischemia-elicited LV dysfunction and remodeling through enhancing angiogenesis and attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress.
Hybrid Particle-Continuum Numerical Methods for Aerospace Applications

Abstract : Often, rarefied flows of interest in aerospace applications are embedded within largely continuum flow fields. Neither continuum nor kinetic methods provide both physically accurate and numerically efficient techniques to simulate the entire flow field. Instead, multi-scale methods can provide the capability of achieving the efficiency of continuum methods in regions where the degree of collisional nonequilibrium is small, while maintaining the physical accuracy of kinetic methods in rarefied portions of the flow. This work begins with an outline of typical aerospace flows that may require a multi-scale analysis in order to make accurate and efficient predictions. It then provides an overview of the research performed in developing hybrid methods for partially rarefied gas flows. Finally, some results derived from current state of the art hybrid codes are presented and emerging developments are described.
ProtoViz: A Simple Security Protocol Visualization

This report describes ProtoViz , a small Java applet used for rudimentary visualization of security protocols. The applet parses protocol descriptions written in a simple speciﬁcation language and builds an animated visualization from this description using a simple visual grammar. The user can then play the animation to watch the protocol “in action”, and is able to easily modify parts of the protocol and study the eﬀects. In this way, ProtoViz can not only be used for learning existing security protocols, but also in the design of entirely new such protocols.
What Videos Are Similar with You?: Learning a Common Attributed Representation for Video Recommendation

Although video recommender systems have become the predominant way for people to obtain video information, their performances are far from satisfactory in that (1) the recommended videos are often mismatched with the users' interests and (2) the recommendation results are, in most cases, hardly understandable for users and therefore cannot persuade them to engage. In this paper, we attempt to address the above problems in data representation level, and aim to learn a common attributed representation for users and videos in social media with good interpretability, stability and an appropriate level of granularity. The basic idea is to represent videos with users' social attributes, and represent users with content attributes of videos, such that both users and videos can be represented in a common space concatenated by social attributes and content attributes. The video recommendation problem can then be converted into a similarity matching problem in the common space. However, it is still challenging to balance the roles of social attributes and content attributes, learn such a common representation in sparse user-video interactions and deal with the cold-start problem. In this paper, we propose a REgularized Dual-fActor Regression (REDAR) method based on matrix factorization. In this method, social attributes and content attributes are flexibly combined, and social and content information are effectively exploited to alleviate the sparsity problem. An incremental version of REDAR is designed to solve the cold-start problem. We extensively evaluate the proposed method for video recommendation application in real social network dataset, and the results show that, in most cases, the proposed method can achieve a relative improvement of more than 20% compared to state-of-the-art baseline methods.
A Scheduling Algorithm for Defeating Collusion

By exploiting idle time on volunteer machines, desktop grids provide a way to execute large sets of tasks with negligible maintenance and low cost. Although desktop grids are attractive for cost-conscious projects, relying on external resources may compromise the correctness of application execution due to the well-known unreliability of nodes. In this paper, we consider the most challenging threat model: organized groups of cheaters that may collude to produce incorrect results. By using a previously described on-line algorithm for detecting collusion and characterizing the participant behaviors, we propose a scheduling algorithm that tackles collusion. Using several real-life traces, we show that our approach min- imizes redundancy while maximizing the number of correctly certified results.
Innovation and labour flexibility: A Spanish study of differences across industries and type of innovation

Purpose - This paper aims to analyze the relationship between labour flexibility and innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach - This paper is a review of theoretical perspectives to analyze this relationship. A postal survey of a sample of Spanish manufacturing and service firms was conducted and this was subject to nonparametric analysis. Findings - High-innovative Spanish firms are more flexible than low-innovative firms although the comparison across industries and type of innovation indicates that not all flexibility dimensions are statistically significant in their relationship to innovation performance. Research limitations/implications - The study's single country setting could limit the generalizability of the findings. Longitudinal as opposed to cross-sectional data are needed for studying the causal assumptions suggested by this research. Practical implications - Given the differences of flexibility dimensions found across industries and type of innovation firms should use flexibility capabilities to complement innovation capabilities. On the other hand, some flexible managerial practices should be adopted as early as possible because they appear to be global in knowledge-intensive firms and do not have differences across sectors and type of innovation. Originality/value - This paper combines in the same analysis the relationship of internal and external flexibility with innovation performance, and their managerial implications.
Sex based subgroup differences in randomized controlled trials: empirical evidence from Cochrane meta-analyses

Objective To evaluate the frequency, validity, and relevance of statistically significant (P<0.05) sex-treatment interactions in randomized controlled trials in Cochrane meta-analyses. Design Meta-epidemiological study. Data sources Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and PubMed. Eligibility criteria for study selection Reviews published in the CDSR with sex-treatment subgroup analyses in the forest plots, using data from randomized controlled trials. Data extraction Information on the study design and sex subgroup data were extracted from reviews and forest plots that met inclusion criteria. For each statistically significant sex-treatment interaction, the potential for biological plausibility and clinical significance was considered. Results Among the 41 reviews with relevant data, there were 109 separate treatment-outcome analyses (“topics”). Among the 109 topics, eight (7%) had a statistically significant sex-treatment interaction. The 109 topics included 311 randomized controlled trials (162 with both sexes, 46 with males only, 103 with females only). Of the 162 individual randomized controlled trials that included both sexes, 15 (9%) had a statistically significant sex-treatment interaction. Of four topics where the first published randomized controlled trial had a statistically significant sex-treatment interaction, no meta-analyses that included other randomized controlled trials retained the statistical significance and no meta-analyses showed statistical significance when data from the first published randomized controlled trial were excluded. Of the eight statistically significant sex-treatment interactions from the overall analyses, only three were discussed by the CDSR reviewers for a potential impact on different clinical management for males compared with females. None of these topics had a sex-treatment interaction that influenced treatment recommendations in recent guidelines. UpToDate, an online physician-authored clinical decision support resource, suggested differential management of men and women for one of these sex-treatment interactions. Conclusion Statistically significant sex-treatment interactions are only slightly more frequent than what would be expected by chance and there is little evidence of subsequent corroboration or clinical relevance of sex-treatment interactions.
Metabolic Control Analysis: Rereading Reder

Metabolic control analysis is a biochemical formalism defined by Kacser and Burns in 1973, and given firm mathematical basis by Reder in 1988. The algorithm defined by Reder for calculating the control matrices is still used by software programs today, but is only valid for some biochemical models. We show that, with slight modification, the algorithm may be applied to all models.