Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CNN-IETS: A CNN-based Probabilistic Approach for Information Extraction by Text Segmentation

Information Extraction by Text Segmentation (IETS) aims at segmenting text inputs to extract implicit data values contained in them.The state-of-art IETS approaches mainly rely on machine learning techniques, either supervised or unsupervised.However, while the supervised approaches require a large labelled training data, the performance of the unsupervised ones could be unstable on different data sets.To overcome their weaknesses, this paper introduces CNN-IETS, a novel unsupervised probabilistic approach that takes the advantages of pre-existing data and a Convolution Neural Network (CNN)-based probabilistic classification model. While using the CNN model can ease the burden of selecting high-quality features in associating text segments with attributes of a given domain, the pre-existing data as a domain knowledge base can provide training data with a comprehensive list of features for building the CNN model.Given an input text, we do initial segmentation (according to the occurrences of these words in the knowledge base) to generate text segments for CNN classification with probabilities. Then, based on the probabilistic CNN classification results, we work on finding the most probable labelling way to the whole input text.As a complementary, a bidirectional sequencing model learned on-demand from test data is finally deployed to do further adjustment to some problematic labelled segments.Our experimental study conducted on several real data collections shows that CNN-IETS improves the extraction quality of state-of-art approaches by more than 10%.
Fabrication of electrospun fibrous meshes and 3D porous titanium scaffolds for tissue engineering

Schwartz. In 2007, I came to Dr. Haifeng Chen's lab and started my journey of biomedical engineering. In my first four years of PhD study, Dr. Chen has exposed me to many different perspectives of being a good researcher, like how to think and work independently, and be creative. When the GaTech/PKU/Emory joint program first started, Dr. Chen was so supportive. Thanks to his support and reference, I successfully went through the application and got enrolled in the program, which gave me the incredible experiences in the later life of my PhD. In 2011, I came to my second campus, Georgia Institute of Technology, joined Boyan/Schwartz lab for the final step of my PhD. It was a completely different environment. The support and encouragements from Dr. Boyan and Dr. Schwartz have given me more confidence on making further achievements in my research. Boyan/Schwartz lab is a highly collaborative lab filled with clinicians, engineers, chemists, and biologists. When I arrived, I would say that I was strictly a material engineer. Upon applying the many biological techniques in Boyan lab to my materials, I started to grasp the biological concepts. Besides the research, I also learned how to get organized on my research, how to properly interpret the data, thoroughly critique a paper, and more importantly, how to make a presentation and give a talk. For a student aiming for academia, Dr. Boyan is my role model, as a successful academic professor, a productive industry collaborator, an energetic team leader and a considerable mentor. I wish one day I could be like her, an outstanding researcher and an incredible stylist. Dr. Schwartz is the person who was involved in the design of the last experiment conducted in this thesis. I would also like to thank my thesis committee members. remembered when I did my thesis proposal, they had to stay up till 10:30pm with me because of the time difference. IV I would also like to thank the members of Chen lab Boyan/Schwartz lab. They have been really helpful throughout the years. I would like to thank Shize Liu, Yiqun Cong, they were with me when I was in Dr. Chen's lab, we set up the whole lab and share the precious moments together. Also thank Dr. Yingfang Ao's lab in Peking University Third Hospital. Dr. Zhenxing Shao and Dr. Jingxian Zhu, they helped me for most of the cell experiments in …
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free book of your choice* such as the 25th Anniversary Edition of Crisis and Leviathan: Critical Episodes in the Growth of American Government, by Founding Editor Robert Higgs. This quarterly journal, guided by co-editors Christopher J. Coyne, and Michael C. Munger, and Robert M. Whaples offers leading-edge insights on today’s most critical issues in economics, healthcare, education, law, history, political science, philosophy, and sociology.
Review on Fabrication and Manipulation of Scaffold and Ciliary Microrobots

A microrobot is a tiny structure that can be remotely controlled to perform a mission which is a definition of a robot. In general, the size of a microrobot is from few micrometers to few millimeters. Microrobots for biomedical applications should be able to swim in a fluidic environment of the body including circulatory, the urinary, and nerve system by external magnetic fields and field gradient [1-4]. These microrobots are expected to perform various biomedical applications including targeted cell transportation, precise drug delivery, opening blocked blood vessels, micro-surgery, sensing, and scaffolding [1-6]. Among these applications, targeted drug delivery and cell transportation can be implemented by fabrication of biocompatible and magnetically controllable microrobots [2, 3, 6]. The structures of the microrobots can be fabricated by various materials such as SU-8, IP-Dip, IP-L, silicon, etc. [7-11] Especially, SU-8, IP-Dip, and IP-L are being used to fabricate precise three-dimensional (3D) microrobots using a 3D laser lithography system [2, 4, 8, 9, 11-14]. The polymer structures of the microrobots should be coated with nickel and titanium layers after fabrication for magnetic wireless control and biocompatibility of the microrobots [2, 9, 11]. The microrobots with a magnetic layer can be precisely controlled by external magnetic fields generated by a magnetic coil system. Relevant magnetic fields or field gradient should be used to control a microrobot based on the driving mechanism of each microrobot [15-18]. Many research works have been focused on only implementation of locomotion with a simple structure or a magnet because of the difficulty of fabrication and assembly of small structures. In this review, 3D laser lithography will be briefly introduced to explain the fabrication method for some of the biomedical microrobots. The driving mechanism for each microrobot will also be introduced with two magnetic Corresponding Author: Hongsoo Choi, Ph. D. Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) 50-1 Sang-Ri, Hyeonpung-Myeon, Dalseong-Gun Daegu, 711-873, KOREA Tel: +82-53-785-6212 Fax: +82-53-785-6209 E-mail: mems@dgist.ac. kr
Cardiorespiratory system monitoring using a developed acoustic sensor

This Letter proposes a wireless acoustic sensor for monitoring heartbeat and respiration rate based on phonocardiogram (PCG). The developed sensor comprises a processor, a transceiver which operates at industrial, scientific and medical band and the frequency of 2.54 GHz as well as two capacitor microphones which one for recording the heartbeat and another one for respiration rate. To evaluate the precision of the presented sensor in estimating heartbeat and respiration rate, the sensor is tested on the different volunteers and the obtained results are compared with a gold standard as a reference. The results reveal that root-mean-square error are determined <2.27 beats/min and 0.92 breaths/min for the heartbeat and respiration rate in turn. While the standard deviation of the error is obtained <1.26 and 0.63 for heartbeat and respiration rate, respectively. Also, the sensor estimate sounds of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$S_1$\end{document}S1 to \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} }{}$S_4$\end{document}S4 obtained PCG signal with sensitivity and specificity 98.1% and 98.3% in turn that make 3% improvement than previous works. The results prove that the sensor can be appropriate candidate for recognising abnormal condition in the cardiorespiratory system.
Extremum Seeking for Constrained Inputs

Extremum seeking control (ESC) is an adaptive control scheme that locates an extremum of an input-output map, without any explicit knowledge of this map apart from its existence. As is typical in adaptive control an integrator is used to drive the parameters that are being adapted. Due to this integrator, it is possible that the adapted parameters wander outside their physically relevant domain as the underlying adaptation technique is blind to this constraint. As these constraints may represent realistic operational limits it is important to design ESC to respect them. Two such ESC schemes are proposed. One is based on a constrained optimization approach in which some penalty function is used to adapt the search so as not to violate the constraints. The other technique uses an anti-windup scheme, a widely used mechanism in engineering to prevent windup of integral action in a controller. It is demonstrated that both methods are essentially equivalent. In that for any penalty-function based ESC, there exists an equivalent anti-windup ESC whose phase portrait is a global approximate of the penalty-function ESC. Some simulations are presented to illustrate the main results.
Transformations Based on Continuous Piecewise-Affine Velocity Fields

We propose novel finite-dimensional spaces of well-behaved <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {R}^n\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^n$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="freifeld-ieq1-2646685.gif"/> </alternatives></inline-formula> transformations. The latter are obtained by (fast and highly-accurate) integration of continuous piecewise-affine velocity fields. The proposed method is simple yet highly expressive, effortlessly handles optional constraints (e.g., volume preservation and/or boundary conditions), and supports convenient modeling choices such as smoothing priors and coarse-to-fine analysis. Importantly, the proposed approach, partly due to its rapid likelihood evaluations and partly due to its other properties, facilitates tractable inference over rich transformation spaces, including using Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo methods. Its applications include, but are not limited to: monotonic regression (more generally, optimization over monotonic functions); modeling cumulative distribution functions or histograms; time-warping; image warping; image registration; real-time diffeomorphic image editing; data augmentation for image classifiers. Our GPU-based code is publicly available.
Factors Affecting Insulin Resistance and Its Relation to Vitamin D Status and Clinical Nutritional Parameters in Dialysis Patients: A Single-center Indian Study

The aim of this study was to measure insulin resistance (IR) in dialysis patients and its relation to Vitamin D status and nutritional parameters. We included patients on maintenance dialysis, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis (HD and PD). IR was measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR index defined as fasting serum insulin (μU/L) × fasting blood sugar (mmol/L)/22.5. Baseline Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) method. HOMA-IR index correlated with nutritional parameters such as 7-point subjective global assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measures, for example, body fat percentage, lean body weight (LBW), mid-arm circumference (MAC), and mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC). A total of 55 patients were studied, of them 74.55% were male with mean age of the study population being 37.44 ± 14.96 years. The prevalence values of Vitamin D deficiency <30 ngm/ml, <20 ngm/ml, and <10 ngm/ml levels were 96.36%, 70.91%, and 23.64%, respectively. Mean HOMA-IR index was 3.14 ± 3.86. The correlation of HOMA-IR with Vitamin D was negative (r = −0.140, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.397–0.138 and P = 0.309); however, in subgroup analysis, patients with Vitamin D level <20 ng/ml had significantly high IR compared to those with Vitamin D >20 ng/ml, i.e., 3.74 ± 4.37 and 1.67 ± 1.47, respectively (P = 0.018). The other measured parameter which had a significant positive correlation with IR was serum uric acid (r = 0.303, 95% CI = 0.021–0.534, and P = 0.025). In nutritional assessment, body mass index, MAC, and MAMC had statistically significant positive correlation with HOMA-IR index (P ≤ 0.001, 0.004, and 0.004, respectively) unlike SGA (P = 0.480). The mode of dialysis did not have a significant effect on IR (HD vs. PD, P = 0.227). The majority of the patients on maintenance dialysis are Vitamin D deficient. Low Vitamin D level, especially <20 ng/ml, muscle mass, and high serum uric acid level are likely to have more IR in dialysis-dependent patients.
Phoneme Error Pattern by Heritage Speakers of Spanish on an English Word Recognition Test

Background: Heritage speakers acquire their native language from home use in their early childhood. As the native language is typically a minority language in the society, these individuals receive their formal education in the majority language and eventually develop greater competency with the majority than their native language. To date, there have not been specific research attempts to understand word recognition by heritage speakers. It is not clear if and to what degree we may infer from evidence based on bilingual listeners in general. Purpose: This preliminary study investigated how heritage speakers of Spanish perform on an English word recognition test and analyzed their phoneme errors. Research Design: A prospective, cross‐sectional, observational design was employed. Study Sample: Twelve normal‐hearing adult Spanish heritage speakers (four men, eight women, 20‐38 yr old) participated in the study. Their language background was obtained through the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire. Nine English monolingual listeners (three men, six women, 20‐41 yr old) were also included for comparison purposes. Data Collection and Analysis: Listeners were presented with 200 Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 words in quiet. They repeated each word orally and in writing. Their responses were scored by word, word‐initial consonant, vowel, and word‐final consonant. Performance was compared between groups with Student's t test or analysis of variance. Group‐specific error patterns were primarily descriptive, but intergroup comparisons were made using 95% or 99% confidence intervals for proportional data. Results: The two groups of listeners yielded comparable scores when their responses were examined by word, vowel, and final consonant. However, heritage speakers of Spanish misidentified significantly more word‐initial consonants and had significantly more difficulty with initial /p, b, h/ than their monolingual peers. The two groups yielded similar patterns for vowel and word‐final consonants, but heritage speakers made significantly fewer errors with /e/ and more errors with word‐final /p, k/. Conclusions: Data reported in the present study lead to a twofold conclusion. On the one hand, normal‐hearing heritage speakers of Spanish may misidentify English phonemes in patterns different from those of English monolingual listeners. Not all phoneme errors can be readily understood by comparing Spanish and English phonology, suggesting that Spanish heritage speakers differ in performance from other Spanish‐English bilingual listeners. On the other hand, the absolute number of errors and the error pattern of most phonemes were comparable between English monolingual listeners and Spanish heritage speakers, suggesting that audiologists may assess word recognition in quiet in the same way for these two groups of listeners, if diagnosis is based on words, not phonemes.
Disrupted Cortical State Regulation in a Rat Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Abstract Children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) have deficits of attention and arousal. To begin to identify the neural causes of these deficits, we examined juvenile rats lacking the Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMR‐KO) for disruption of cortical activity related to attention and arousal. Specifically, we examined the switching of visual cortex between activated and inactivated states that normally occurs during movement and quiet rest, respectively. In both wild‐type and FMR‐KO rats, during the third and fourth postnatal weeks cortical activity during periods of movement was dominated by an activated state with prominent 18‐52 Hz activity. However, during quiet rest, when activity in wild‐type rats became dominated by the inactivated state (3‐9 Hz activity), FMR‐KO rat cortex abnormally remained activated, resulting in increased high‐frequency and reduced low‐frequency power during rest. Firing rate correlations revealed reduced synchronization in FMR‐KO rats, particularly between fast‐spiking interneurons, that developmentally precede cortical state defects. Together our data suggest that disrupted inhibitory connectivity impairs the ability of visual cortex to regulate exit from the activated state in a behaviorally appropriate manner, potentially contributing to disrupted attention and sensory processing observed in children with FXS by making it more difficult to decrease cortical drive by unattended stimuli.
Defining Electron Bifurcation in the Electron-Transferring Flavoprotein Family

ABSTRACT Electron bifurcation is the coupling of exergonic and endergonic redox reactions to simultaneously generate (or utilize) low- and high-potential electrons. It is the third recognized form of energy conservation in biology and was recently described for select electron-transferring flavoproteins (Etfs). Etfs are flavin-containing heterodimers best known for donating electrons derived from fatty acid and amino acid oxidation to an electron transfer respiratory chain via Etf-quinone oxidoreductase. Canonical examples contain a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that is involved in electron transfer, as well as a non-redox-active AMP. However, Etfs demonstrated to bifurcate electrons contain a second FAD in place of the AMP. To expand our understanding of the functional variety and metabolic significance of Etfs and to identify amino acid sequence motifs that potentially enable electron bifurcation, we compiled 1,314 Etf protein sequences from genome sequence databases and subjected them to informatic and structural analyses. Etfs were identified in diverse archaea and bacteria, and they clustered into five distinct well-supported groups, based on their amino acid sequences. Gene neighborhood analyses indicated that these Etf group designations largely correspond to putative differences in functionality. Etfs with the demonstrated ability to bifurcate were found to form one group, suggesting that distinct conserved amino acid sequence motifs enable this capability. Indeed, structural modeling and sequence alignments revealed that identifying residues occur in the NADH- and FAD-binding regions of bifurcating Etfs. Collectively, a new classification scheme for Etf proteins that delineates putative bifurcating versus nonbifurcating members is presented and suggests that Etf-mediated bifurcation is associated with surprisingly diverse enzymes. IMPORTANCE Electron bifurcation has recently been recognized as an electron transfer mechanism used by microorganisms to maximize energy conservation. Bifurcating enzymes couple thermodynamically unfavorable reactions with thermodynamically favorable reactions in an overall spontaneous process. Here we show that the electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) enzyme family exhibits far greater diversity than previously recognized, and we provide a phylogenetic analysis that clearly delineates bifurcating versus nonbifurcating members of this family. Structural modeling of proteins within these groups reveals key differences between the bifurcating and nonbifurcating Etfs.
Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation as a first-line choice or as a last resort? An analysis based on the ROUTE registry†

OBJECTIVES Transaortic transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAo-TAVI) is a recently developed alternative to transapical (TA) or transfemoral (TF) TAVI. We aimed to analyse the effectiveness and safety of TAo-TAVI as a first line approach and to compare it to patients receiving TAo-TAVI as a last resort, which is current practice. METHODS ROUTE is a prospective, multicentre registry to assess the clinical outcomes of TAo-TAVI. Patients without contraindications for TA- and TF-TAVI (TAo-first) were compared to patients with contraindications for both of these access routes (TAo-last). Outcome analysis was based on VARC II defined clinical end-points. RESULTS Three hundred and one patients were included, of which 224 patients met TAo-first and 77 TAo-last criteria. The valve was delivered and catheter retrieved successfully in all patients. In the TAo-first group, rates of conversion to open surgery and requirement for a second valve were low and not different compared to TAo-last patients (1% vs. 3%, P = 0.46 and 1% vs. 3%, P = 0.46, respectively). This was also true for the rate of paravalvular regurgitation (≥ moderate: 4% vs. 3%). All-cause mortality at 30-days was 6% vs. 5% ( P = 0.76), rates of stroke 2% vs. 0% ( P = 0.24), pacemaker implantation (11% vs. 4%, P = 0.093), and life-threatening bleeding 4% vs. 3% ( P = 0.70). Valve safety (both 85%, P = 0.98) and clinical efficacy (80% vs. 82%; P = 0.73) did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Although comparative data to TA and TF procedures were not available in the present analysis, findings suggest that TAo may be considered not only as a last resort strategy when classical access routes are deemed unfeasible, but also as a potential first-line option, with only low rates of paravalvular regurgitation and permanent pacemaker implantation. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01991431.
Improved proxy re-encryption scheme for symmetric key cryptography

A proxy re-encryption scheme is a scheme that can be executed by a semi-trusted proxy, so that we can convert a ciphertext encrypted with a key to another ciphertext without allowing the proxy to access the plaintext. A method to implement a secure proxy re-encryption is by first converting the plaintext to an intermediate form by using an all or nothing transform (AONT). In this paper, we describe an improved proxy re-encryption scheme for symmetric cipher by advocating the usage of a variant of the AONT function in the proxy re-encryption scheme. We show that the scheme secure under Chosen Plaintext Attack (CPA) for all possible types of attackers.
Advances in the detection of telomerase activity using isothermal amplification

Telomerase plays a significantly important role in keeping the telomere length of a chromosome. Telomerase overexpresses in nearly all tumor cells, suggesting that telomerase could be not only a promising biomarker but also a potential therapeutic target for cancers. Therefore, numerous efforts focusing on the detection of telomerase activity have been reported from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assays to PCR-free assays such as isothermal amplification in recent decade. In this review, we highlight the strategies for the detection of telomerase activity using isothermal amplification and discuss some of the challenges in designing future telomerase assays as well.