Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictability and Parallelism of Multitrait Adaptation

Abstract Environments shape the traits of organisms. Environmental variation may rarely alter selection on only a few traits, but instead precipitate wholesale changes of the multidimensional selective regime—many traits might experience divergent selection across divergent environments. Such changes in selection can elicit multifarious evolution. How predictable (from theory) and how parallel (consistent occurrences) is multitrait divergence across replicated environments? Here, I address this question using the post‐Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (Gambusia hubbsi) inhabiting blue holes on Andros Island. These fish independently colonized numerous blue holes, some that harbor a major fish predator (bigmouth sleeper, Gobiomorus dormitor) and some that lack any major predators. I used 5 approaches to quantitatively explore the predictability and parallelism of multitrait divergence between predation regimes in Bahamas mosquitofish. Synthesizing data for 90 traits from 13 different types of character suites (e.g., body morphology, life history, genital morphology, coloration, mating preference, habitat use), I found widespread evidence for strong, predictable, and parallel divergence between predation regimes. Yet despite the great majority of traits showing predictable trajectories of change, and the majority of traits showing significant parallelism and strong magnitudes of predictable divergence, I uncovered that over half of the overall phenotypic variation among populations was not driven by variation in predation regime. Results suggest that focusing on few traits, or focusing on parallel aspects of divergence, can provide a misleading picture of adaptation, and nonparallel divergence appears widespread and warrants greater attention. Taking a multitrait perspective, and quantifying predictability and parallelism, can yield important insights.
Subnormal Distribution Derived From Evolving Networks With Variable Elements

During the past decades, power-law distributions have played a significant role in analyzing the topology of scale-free networks. However, in the observation of degree distributions in practical networks and other nonuniform distributions such as the wealth distribution, we discover that, there exists a peak at the beginning of most real distributions, which cannot be accurately described by a monotonic decreasing power-law distribution. To better describe the real distributions, in this paper, we propose a subnormal distribution derived from evolving networks with variable elements and study its statistical properties for the first time. By utilizing this distribution, we can precisely describe those distributions commonly existing in the real world, e.g., distributions of degree in social networks and personal wealth. Additionally, we fit connectivity in evolving networks and the data observed in the real world by the proposed subnormal distribution, resulting in a better performance of fitness.
Access Control Aware Search on the Cloud Computing

The current trend towards outsourcing data to the Cloud Computing requires rigorous techniques to deal with data confidentiality. Encryption is one of the most secure techniques in use. However, it remains weak against some indiscretions, and presents incompleteness in the measures offered to ensure confidentiality. New flaws appear, inducing confidential information disclosure, despite a secure and rigorous data encryption. In this article, we propose to enhance the level of confidentiality that may already be guaranteed for outsourced data. We are particularly interested in access control on the result of the search over encrypted data. The property behind this aspect of security is known as ACAS (Access Control Aware Search) principle. We present an approach which integrates the access control mechanism with data encryption in order to comply with ACAS. The used techniques are based on Searchable Encryption and Attribute Based Encryption methods. The proposed model has been evaluated based on data size and access control complexity.
The GeneReg Corpus for Gene Expression Regulation Events — An Overview of the Corpus and its In-Domain and Out-of-Domain Interoperability

Despite the large variety of corpora in the biomedical domain their annotations differ in many respects, e.g., the coverage of different, highly specialized knowledge domains, varying degrees of granularity of targeted relations, the specificity of linguistic anchoring of relations and named entities in documents, etc. We here present GeneReg (Gene Regulation Corpus), the result of an annotation campaign led by the Jena University Language & Information Engineering (JULIE) Lab. The GeneReg corpus consists of 314 abstracts dealing with the regulation of gene expression in the model organism E. coli. Our emphasis in this paper is on the compatibility of the GeneReg corpus with the alternative Genia event corpus and with several in-domain and out-of-domain lexical resources, e.g., the Specialist Lexicon, FrameNet, and WordNet. The links we established from the GeneReg corpus to these external resources will help improve the performance of the automatic relation extraction engine JREx trained and evaluated on GeneReg.
A theory of semantic information

The information really useful to humans must be the trinity of its three components: the form termed syntactic information, the meaning termed semantic information, and the utility termed pragmatic information. But the theory of information set up by Shannon in 1948 is a statistical theory of syntactic information. Thus, the trinity of information theories needs to be established as urgently as possible. Such a theory of semantic information will be presented in the paper and it will also be proved that it is the semantic information that is the unique representative of the trinity. This is why the title of the paper is set to "a theory of semantic information" without mentioning the pragmatic information.
Warped linear time invariant systems and their application in audio signal processing

The main goal behind coordinate transformation (warping) of a linear time invariant (LTI) system is to represent its signals in terms of new basis functions that better suit the application in hand. Unitary operators simplify the analysis considerably; therefore, they are used to derive the relations between variables in the original and warped domains. These relations show that an LTI system can be warped by processing its input signals with a unitary warping transformation. An efficient implementation of this warping transformation, that is based on a nonuniform sampling theorem, is given; which allows applying the warping principle in real-time applications. As an example of exploiting this technique, it is shown that sampling an audio signal at exponentially spaced moments changes the underlying coordinates of its signal processing system to suit those of the human auditory system.
Relation Validation via Textual Entailment

This paper addresses a subtask of relation extraction, namely Relation Validation. Relation validation can be described as follows: given an instance of a relation and a relevant text fragment, the system is asked to decide whether this instance is true or not. Instead of following the common approaches of using statistical or context features directly, we propose a method based on textual entailment (called ReVaS). We set up two different experiments to test our system: one is based on an annotated data set; the other is based on real web data via the integration of ReVaS with an existing IE system. For the latter case, we examine in detail the two aspects of the validation process, i.e. directionality and strictness. The results suggest that textual entailment is a feasible way for the relation validation task.
A Bayesian framework for combining gene predictions

MOTIVATION Gene identification and gene discovery in new genomic sequences is one of the most timely computational questions addressed by bioinformatics scientists. This computational research has resulted in several systems that have been used successfully in many whole-genome analysis projects. As the number of such systems grows the need for a rigorous way to combine the predictions becomes more essential. RESULTS In this paper we provide a Bayesian network framework for combining gene predictions from multiple systems. The framework allows us to treat the problem as combining the advice of multiple experts. Previous work in the area used relatively simple ideas such as majority voting. We introduce, for the first time, the use of hidden input/output Markov models for combining gene predictions. We apply the framework to the analysis of the Adh region in Drosophila that has been carefully studied in the context of gene finding and used as a basis for the GASP competition. The main challenge in combination of gene prediction programs is the fact that the systems are relying on similar features such as cod on usage and as a result the predictions are often correlated. We show that our approach is promising to improve the prediction accuracy and provides a systematic and flexible framework for incorporating multiple sources of evidence into gene prediction systems.
Notes on a Crisis

This paper presents Notebook B113, one of Marx’s unpublished manuscripts, and suggests its importance for highlighting the monetary and financial issues which Marx was investigating after 1867. The contents of this notebook reveal a systematic effort to investigate new features of financial markets and institutions which were spreading throughout Europe during the 1860’s, and which were put in sharp evidence by the events that surrounded the Overend, Gurney crisis in England, in 1866. Besides offering valuable clues with respect to Marx’s method of investigation and composition, the relevance of the themes comprised in the notebook for the analysis developed in part five of Capital’s volume III suggests that these manuscript excerpts and notes were part of the preparatory material for a future revision of that book, which Marx was never able to carry through. JEL Classification: B14; B31
Research on combination of series and parallel with supercapacitor module

Supercapacitors are well known for their good power performances and for their very high life time expectancy when compared with batteries. However, individual supercapacitor is only capable of operating a relatively low voltage, normally between 1V and 3V. For higher voltage or current applications, many of these capacitors must be linked in series or in parallel. For supercapacitor module, there are 2 kinds of combinations. A suitable design of combination mode will balance individual voltage better. This literature analyzed these 2 combination methods. And after a number of simulation works, come to the conclusion that linked in series first then in parallel is not only with high reliability, but also with better balance effect in charge-recharge process than that which is linked in parallel first then in series, and after the theoretical analysis, comes to a simulink result to verify that.
RADIAL VELOCITY MONITORING OF KEPLER HEARTBEAT STARS

Heartbeat stars (HB stars) are a class of eccentric binary stars with close periastron passages. The characteristic photometric HB signal evident in their light curves is produced by a combination of tidal distortion, heating, and Doppler boosting near orbital periastron. Many HB stars continue to oscillate after periastron and along the entire orbit, indicative of the tidal excitation of oscillation modes within one or both stars. These systems are among the most eccentric binaries known, and they constitute astrophysical laboratories for the study of tidal effects. We have undertaken a radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaign of Kepler HB stars in order to measure their orbits. We present our first results here, including a sample of 22 Kepler HB systems, where for 19 of them we obtained the Keplerian orbit and for 3 other systems we did not detect a statistically significant RV variability. Results presented here are based on 218 spectra obtained with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph during the 2015 Kepler observing season, and they have allowed us to obtain the largest sample of HB stars with orbits measured using a single instrument, which roughly doubles the number of HB stars with an RV measured orbit. The 19 systems measured here have orbital periods from 7 to 90 days and eccentricities from 0.2 to 0.9. We show that HB stars draw the upper envelope of the eccentricity–period distribution. Therefore, HB stars likely represent a population of stars currently undergoing high eccentricity migration via tidal orbital circularization, and they will allow for new tests of high eccentricity migration theories.
Passion, politics and violence: A socio‐historical analysis of Spanish ultras

This essay examines the origins, diffusion and spread of organized groups of young football fans (so‐called ultras) in Spain. The first Spanish ultra groups emerged after the 1982 World Cup held in Spain. Mainly mimicry of both Italian and English supporter styles, the Spanish ultras separated themselves from the indigenous ‘peña’ culture emphasizing instead a more active and visible approach to football fandom. This movement, often heavily supported by the clubs, subsequently spread to other clubs in Spain’s First and Second Divisions. In the second half of the 1980s, mainly due to the increasing politicization of the ultra groups and the eruption of the skinhead youth subculture, violence became an intrinsic feature of the ultra movement and at times created widespread social panic. The escalation of violence finally resulted in the fragmentation and decline of traditional ultra groups and the emergence of alternative fan groups explicitly opposed to violence. These developments set in motion a complex pattern of rivalries and allegiances strongly influencing contemporary Spanish football culture.
Academic attribution of secondary students: gender, year level and achievement level

This study is concerned with the attribution of secondary students. Causal interpretations for academic success and failure were analysed to investigate the effect of gender, year level and achievement level on students’ academic attributions in Hong Kong, a Confucian Heritage Culture. The sample for the study comprised 14,846 students currently enrolled in Secondary 1 to Secondary 6 in Hong Kong. Multivariate analyses of variance found significant gender differences in ascriptions to ability, effort and strategy use reasons for school performance of students who shared a common cultural background. These effects remained after controlling for achievement and year levels. Chinese females in this sample were more inclined than Chinese males to explain their academic failure in terms of their lack of ability and strategy use. Females were also more likely to explain their academic success in terms of their effort or strategy use. Nevertheless, the study found secondary students of both genders and across all achievement and year levels, consistently ascribed to effort as the most important reason for academic outcomes. Secondary 4 students were significantly more inclined than students of lower levels to attribute their academic outcomes to effort and strategy use. Cultural influences are discussed in interpreting the findings.
Design of High-Performance InAs–Si Heterojunction 2D–2D Tunnel FETs With Lateral and Vertical Tunneling Paths

Double-gate tunneling FETs (TFETs) exploiting the 2D density-of-state switch are studied. A full-band and atomistic quantum transport simulator based on the sp3d5s* tight-binding model is used to solve the quantum transport problem taking into account both lateral and vertical band-to-band tunneling paths. The tunneling paths are identified by means of the calculation of the electron and hole generation rates. They are computed with an in-house tool based on the Flietner imaginary dispersion and a non-local path band-to-band tunneling model. First, a InGaAs electron-hole bilayer TFET is investigated. It is found that the suppression of lateral tunneling components is crucial to obtain a steep slope in this device. On the other hand, the presence of both tunneling components can boost the ON-current of TFETs. The latter can be achieved by implementing an InAs-Si heterostructure as 2D-2D TFET. Such a combination offers a device solution with both steep subthermal subthreshold swing and high ON-current. In the best case of an extremely thin InAs-Si 2D-2D TFET, the minimal swing would be SS = 28 mV/decade and the ON-current would reach 240 $\mu \text{A}/\mu \text{m}$ .
A theoretical framework and research agenda for studying team attributions in sport

The attributions made for group outcomes have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years. In this article we bring together much of the current research on attribution theory in sport and outline a new conceptual framework and research agenda for investigating the attributions of team members. The proposed framework draws on multiple conceptual approaches including models of attribution, group dynamics and stress responses to provide a detailed hypothetical description of athletes’ physiological, cognitive and affective responses to group competition. In describing this model we outline important antecedents of team attributions before hypothesising how attributions can impact hormonal and cardiovascular responses of athletes, together with cognitive (goals, choices, expectations), affective (self-esteem, emotions) and behavioural (approach–avoidance actions) responses of groups and group members. We conclude by outlining important methodological considerations and implications for structured context-specific attribution-based interventions.
Experiments with CST-Based Multidocument Summarization

Recently, with the huge amount of growing information in the web and the little available time to read and process all this information, automatic summaries have become very important resources. In this work, we evaluate deep content selection methods for multidocument summarization based on the CST model (Cross-document Structure Theory). Our methods consider summarization preferences and focus on the overall main problems of multidocument treatment: redundancy, complementarity, and contradiction among different information sources. We also evaluate the impact of the CST model over superficial summarization systems. Our results show that the use of CST model helps to improve informativeness and quality in automatic summaries.
Distributed Time-aware Provenance

The ability to reason about changes in a distributed system's state enables network administrators to better diagnose protocol misconfigurations, detect intrusions, and pinpoint performance bottlenecks. We propose a novel provenance model called Distributed Time-aware Provenance (DTaP) that aids forensics and debugging in distributed systems by explicitly representing time, distributed state, and state changes. Using a distributed Datalog abstraction for modeling distributed protocols, we prove that the DTaP model provides a sound and complete representation that correctly captures dependencies among events in a distributed system. We additionally introduce DistTape, an implementation of the DTaP model that uses novel distributed storage structures, query processing, and cost-based optimization techniques to efficiently query time-aware provenance in a distributed setting. Using two example systems (declarative network routing and Hadoop MapReduce), we demonstrate that DistTape can efficiently maintain and query time-aware provenance at low communication and computation cost.
Expressive Irish Fiddle Performance Model Informed with Bowing

We propose an expressive performance model for celtic fiddle based on the analysis of audio and bowing gestures of real performances. Existing expressivity models deal with perceptual features such as timing deviations or dynamics, but in some cases perceptual features are not enough. We propose a model not only informed with perceptual features but also with bowing gestures which are acquired by means of a 3D motion tracker system. Based on a set of expressive audio features and control gestures we apply machine learning techniques in order to induce an expressive performance model. We use the model to synthesize expressive celtic violin performances from inexpressive score descriptions. In this paper we describe the process of acquiring expressive performance features (both audio and gestures), we detail the automatic performance-score alignment and segmentation, we show how the model is induced, and finally we evaluate the results using a sample-based concatenative synthesizer.
A Multidimensional Examination of Campus Safety

Using data from a spring 2004 telephone survey of 1,010 female undergraduate and graduate students at one southeastern state university, the authors examine the objective and subjective experiences with sexual assault or coercion, physical assault, and stalking among college women, paying particular attention to whether actual victimization experiences while in college coincide with cognitive assessments of campus risk, emotionally based worry about crime, and fear-related precautionary behavior. Furthermore, the authors explore whether these interrelationships might be perpetrator specific, focusing on differences in risk perception, worry, or precautionary behavior across acquaintance versus stranger-perpetrated victimization experiences. Results suggest that there is a loose coupling between actual victimization and subjective crime experiences. Implications for how colleges and universities publicly report crime and victimization, as mandated by the Clery Act, are discussed in light of these findings.
Influence of mild traumatic brain injury during pediatric stage on short-term memory and hippocampal apoptosis in adult rats

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of neurological deficit in the brain, which induces short- and long-term brain damage, cognitive impairment with/without structural alteration, motor deficits, emotional problems, and death both in children and adults. In the present study, we evaluated whether mild TBI in childhood causes persisting memory impairment until adulthood. Moreover, we investigated the influence of mild TBI on memory impairment in relation with hippocampal apoptosis. For this, step-down avoidance task, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 were performed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the experiments. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: sham-operation group and TBI-induction group. The mild TBI model was created with an electromagnetic contusion device activated at a velocity of 3.0 m/sec. The results showed that mild TBI during the pediatric stage significantly decreased memory retention. The numbers of TUNEL-positive and caspase-3-positive cells were increased in the TBI-induction group compared to those in the sham-operation group. Defective memory retention and apoptosis sustained up to the adult stage. The present results shows that mild TBI induces long-lasting cognitive impairment from pediatric to adult stages in rats through the high level of apoptosis. The finding of this study suggests that children with mild TBI may need intensive treatments for the reduction of long-lasting cognitive impairment by secondary neuronal damage.
Pathload: A Measurement Tool for End-to-End Available Bandwidth

The available bandwidth of a network path P is the maximum throughput that P can provide t o a a o w, without reducing the throughput of the cross traac in P. We have developed an end-to-end active measurement tool, called pathload, that estimates the available bandwidth of a network path. The basic idea in pathload is that the one-way delays of a periodic packet stream show increasing trend, when the stream rate is larger than the available bandwidth. In this paper, we describe pathload in detail, and show some experimental results that illustrate the tool's accuracy .