Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XML data exchange under expressive mappings

Data Exchange is the problem of transforming data in one format (the source schema) into data in another format (the target schema). Its core component is a schemamapping, which is a high level specication of how such transformation should be done. Relational data exchange has been extensively studied, but exchanging XML data have been paid much less attention. e goal of this thesis is to develop a theory of XML data exchange with expressive schema mappings, extending a previous work using restricted mappings. Our mapping language is based on tree patterns that can use horizontal navigation and data comparison in addition to downward navigation. First we look at static analysis problems concerning a single mapping. More specifically, we consider consistency problems with dierent avours. One such problem, for instance, asks if any tree has a solution under the given mapping. en we turn to analyse the complexity of mapping themselves, i.e., recognising pairs of trees such that the one is mapped to the other. For both problems, we provide classications based on sets of features used in the mappings. Secondwe investigate the composition of XML schemamappings. Generally it is hard, or rather simply impossible, to achieve closure under composition in XML settings unlike in relational settings. Nevertheless we identify a class of XML schema mappings that is closed under composition. Lastly we consider the problem of query answering. It is important to exchange data so that we can feasibly answer queries while it oen leads to intractability. We identify the dividing line between tractable and intractable cases: answering queries with extended features is always intractable while tractability of answering simple queries can be retained in extended mappings.
Privacy preserving extreme learning machine using additively homomorphic encryption

Recently, computational outsourcing using cloud services is getting popular for big data analysis, and many cloud sourcing providers provide machine learning platforms where we can perform various prediction and classification tasks very easily. On the other hand, there still remains a big hurdle to analyze personal big data on cloud services because the leakage of personal information is a critical issue. As a remedy for this, we propose a privacy preserving machine learning algorithm for Extreme Learning Machine (PP-ELM), which can learn from data encrypted with an additively homomorphic encryption. In the proposed outsourcing method, we consider a three-participants model consisting of data contributors, outsourced server, and data analyst. A data contributor preprocesses and encrypts data, and an outsourced server receives encrypted data and calculate hidden layer outputs using additive operations. Then, a data analyst receives the hidden outputs of ELM from the outsourced server and they are used to obtain ELM connection weights. Since the proposed outsourcing model can learn ELM over encrypted data, it is expected to mitigate a hurdle to deal with personal data on cloud services. In addition, the proposed PP-ELM allows us to learn multiple sources of personal data in a secure way, and this might lead to a better solution for a practical problem than before.
Hepatoprotective activity of Pterocarpus santalinus L.f.,an endangered medicinal plant

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of crude aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Pterocarpus santalinus (Fabaceae) using CCl4 induced hepatic damage in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods : The aqueous (45 mg/ml) and ethanol (30 mg/ml) extracts of stem bark in 1% gum tragacanth was administered orally for 14 days and the hepatoprotective activity studied in CCl4 induced hepatic damage model. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like serum bilirubin, protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase along with histopathological studies of liver tissue. Results : There was a significant increase in serum levels of bilirubin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase with a decrease in total protein level, in the CCl4 treated animals, reflecting liver injury. In the aqueous and ethanol extracts treated animals there was a decrease in serum levels of the markers and significant increase in total protein, indicating the recovery of hepatic cells. Histological study of aqueous extract treated group exhibited moderate accumulation of fatty lobules and cellular necrosis where as ethanol extract treated animals revealed normal hepatic cords without any cellular necrosis and fatty infiltration. Conclusion: The ethanol and aqueous stem bark extract of P. santalinus afforded significant protection against CCl4 induced hepatocellular injury.
A Short Survey on Optical Material Recognition

The complexity of visual material appearance as observed in the huge variation in material appearance under different viewing and illumination conditions makes material recognition a highly challenging task. In the scope of this paper, we discuss the facts that make material appearance that complex and provide a survey on technical achievements towards a reliable material recognition that have been presented in the literature so far. In addition, we discuss still open challenges that might be in the focus of future research.
Variable Azimuthal Anisotropy in Earth's Lowermost Mantle

A persistent reversal in the expected polarity of the initiation of vertically polarized shear waves that graze the D″ layer (the layer at the boundary between the outer core and the lower mantle of Earth) in some regions starts at the arrival time of horizontally polarized shear waves. Full waveform modeling of the split shear waves for paths beneath the Caribbean requires azimuthal anisotropy at the base of the mantle. Models with laterally coherent patterns of transverse isotropy with the hexagonal symmetry axis of the mineral phases tilted from the vertical by as much as 20° are consistent with the data. Small-scale convection cells within the mantle above the D″ layer may cause the observed variations by inducing laterally variable crystallographic or shape-preferred orientation in minerals in the D″ layer.
[Importance of serum albumin values in nutritional assessment and inflammatory activity in patients with Crohn's disease].

BACKGROUND The serum albumin concentration has frequently been regarded as an indicator of nutritional status, although the hypoalbuminemia may reflect an acute phase protein response during inflammation mediated by cytokines. Both hypoalbuminemia and malnutrition are observed in Crohn's disease. OBJECTIVES To correlate the serum albumin values to disease activity and also to nutritional status in patients with Crohn's disease. PATIENTS/METHODS Thirty six patients were studied. Nutritional status was assessed by anthropometry measures and inflammatory activity determined by Harvey's simple clinical index and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. RESULTS No correlation was found between malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia. The serum albumin levels correlated inversely with the disease activity. Hypoalbuminemia was 100% sensitive for detection of disease activity. CONCLUSION This study suggests that serum albumin concentration is a very sensitive marker of inflammatory activity and not good indicator of the nutritional status in Crohn's disease. It is necessary a suitable laboratorial parameter for routine nutrition assessment in patients with this inflammatory bowel disease.
Brillouin precursors propagation through sea water at GHz frequency

Precursor fields in lossy Debye media have been shown to have a sub-exponential attenuation rate, thus they are good candidates for underwater communications. In this paper, we investigate the propagation of Brillouin precursors through sea water with static conductivity using the dielectric models proposed by Meissner and Wentz. A fast-Fourier-transform method is used to analyze the peak amplitude decay and pulse broadening related to the precursor. The sea water salinity considered is between 25 and 50 ppt. The performance is evaluated at frequencies between 1GHz and 32GHz, as they have been allocated for short distance underwater communications.
A Computational Model for Reasoning About the Paper Folding Task Using Visual Mental Images

The paper folding task is commonly used for the evaluation of nonverbal, spatial reasoning skills. In this paper, we present a computational model that attempts to use visual-imagerybased representations and operations to solve this task. The model was tested against all problems from the standard paper folding task and achieved a perfect score, illustrating that visual-imagery-based representations and operations are sufficiently expressive to capture at least one successful solution strategy. Although the model does not closely resemble human cognitive processing, and thus should not be considered in its current form to be a plausible psychological model of human task performance, the assumptions made and their implications for our understanding of human cognition on the paper folding task point to fruitful lines of future work towards this goal.
Hybrid control for a class of discrete-time fuzzy systems based on arbitrary switching

The mathematical modeling of fuzzy system is researched by means of T-S model. The hybrid control theory is quoted to research the discrete fuzzy systems, and the stability of the fuzzy system is analyzed by Lyapunov function, and the sufficient conditions for the control design method and the stability of the system are obtained. By using the switching law design, the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable, and finally the global asymptotic stability is achieved. In addition, even if only one controller can stabilize the system, this switching strategy can also improve the system performance. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and convergence of the proposed method.
SHAPE–Seq: High‐Throughput RNA Structure Analysis

Knowledge of RNA structure is critical to understanding both the important functional roles of RNA in biology and the engineering of RNA to control biological systems. This article contains a protocol for selective 2′‐hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and sequencing (SHAPE‐Seq) that, through a combination of structure‐dependent chemical probing and next‐generation sequencing technologies, achieves structural characterization of hundreds of RNAs in a single experiment. This protocol is applicable in a variety of conditions, and represents an important tool for understanding RNA biology. The protocol includes methods for the design and synthesis of RNA mixtures for study, and the construction and analysis of structure‐dependent sequencing libraries that reveal structural information of the RNAs in the mixtures. The methods are generally applicable to studying RNA structure and interactions in vitro in a variety of conditions, and allows for the rapid characterization of RNA structures in a high‐throughput manner. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:275‐297 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Signaling through Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in a B Cell Lymphoma Line

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (CD54) is an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The interaction between ICAM-1 on B lymphocytes and leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 on T cells plays a major role in several aspects of the immune response, including T-dependent B cell activation. While it was originally believed that ICAM-1 played a purely adhesive role, recent evidence suggests that it can itself transduce biochemical signals. We demonstrate that cross-linking of ICAM-1 results in the up-regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex, and we investigate the biochemical mechanism for the signaling role of ICAM-1. We show that cross-linking of ICAM-1 on the B lymphoma line A20 induces an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several cellular proteins, including the Src family kinase p53/p56lyn. In vitro kinase assays showed that Lyn kinase was activated within 1 min after ICAM-1 cross-linking. In addition, ICAM-1 cross-linking resulted in activation of Raf-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases, as determined by gel mobility shift. Activation of these kinases may represent important components in the cascade of signals that link ICAM-1 to various ICAM-1-elicited cellular responses. These data confirm the important role of ICAM-1 as a signaling molecule in B cell activation.
The influence of gender on the classification of psychotic disorders — a multidiagnostic approach

A multidiagnostic approach was used prospectively to classify a sample of 176 psychotic patients. An excess of males was found with only one out of 11 systems of schizophrenia, the World Health Organization “flexible” system of schizophrenia, with an excess of females noted in 2 of 5 systems of schizoaffective disorder, the Kasanin schizoaffective system and the Feighner schizoaffective depressed category. Correlation matrices of the diagnostic categories were generated for men and women and multidimensional scaling was used to plot the distribution of diagnostic categories. In the male sample, patients appeared to cluster according to affective symptoms and the mood‐congruence of psychotic symptoms. Four clusters were apparent, but were less evident in the female sample. This gender difference was given partial support by quantitative measures of concordance. It is suggested that women manifested a greater admixture of symptoms, especially mixed affective and psychotic symptoms, than men.
Análisis de distorsión armónica en iluminación LED

Objetivo: Realizar una revision bibliografica acerca del comportamiento de los armonicos a causa de la iluminacion LED. Metodo : Plantear una investigacion a fondo en Indices Bibliograficos (IB) y Bases Bibliograficas con Comite de Seleccion (BBCS) acerca de los Armonicos en iluminacion LED. El siguiente Articulo presenta el comportamiento electrico de la iluminacion LED enfocado en la distorsion armonica, analizando temas como: generacion de armonicos, normas aplicadas a los armonicos, solucion de los armonicos, entre otros; cada tema mencionado viene acompanado de su respectiva citacion para garantizar los derechos de autor y brindar al lector un movimiento dinamico entre lo consignado en este trabajo y los trabajos citados. Resultados: Se realizo una investigacion a fondo de forma minuciosa, enfocandose en los armonicos en iluminacion LED, analizando su estado actual y consecuencias con respecto a las otras luminarias convencionales y el sistema energetico.
Collective Agents and Collective Intentionality Using the EDA Model

The notion of collective intentionally is controversial. This has been object of research by philosophers (Tuomela and Miller, 1988; Searle, 1979; Tuomela, 1994), AI scientists (Hobbs, 1990) and communication scientists (Conte and Castelfranchi, 1995). Related notions, such as joint intentions, teamwork, and mutual beliefs underlie much work both in formal models and computer models of multi-agent systems research in DAI (Cohen and Levesque, 1990; OpsilaHare and Jennings, 1996). In this paper we will show that the EDA model (Epistemic-Deontic-Axiological) has the required expressiveness to represent normative multi-agent coordination in organisations, using notions such as commitment, responsibility, organisational role, obligation, authorisation and other notions related to goal-governed normative systems.
Cost-effectiveness of presentation versus delayed troponin testing for acute myocardial infarction

Objectives To estimate the cost-effectiveness of delayed troponin testing for myocardial infarction compared with troponin testing at presentation. Design Decision analysis modelling of cost-effectiveness using secondary data sources. Setting Acute hospitals in the UK. Population Patients attending hospital with suspected myocardial infarction but a normal or non-diagnostic ECG and no major comorbidities requiring admission. Interventions Delayed troponin testing (10 h after symptom onset) compared with standard and high-sensitivity troponin testing at presentation and no testing. Sensitivity analysis evaluated high-sensitivity troponin testing 3 h after initial assessment. Main outcome measures The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained by each strategy, compared with the next most effective alternative, and the probability of each strategy being cost-effective at varying willingness-to-pay per QALY gained. Results In all scenarios tested, presentation high-sensitivity troponin testing was the most effective strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio below the £20 000/QALY threshold. 10 h troponin testing was only likely to be cost-effective if a discharge decision could be made as soon as a negative result was available and the £30 000/QALY threshold was used, or if a lower sensitivity estimate for presentation high-sensitivity troponin was assumed. Sensitivity analysis showed that including high-sensitivity troponin testing at presentation and 3 h in the analysis makes this the most cost-effective strategy. Conclusions Delayed troponin testing is unlikely to be cost-effective compared with high-sensitivity troponin testing at presentation in most scenarios. Current NICE chest pain guidelines do not promote cost-effective care.
IBM computer usability satisfaction questionnaires: Psychometric evaluation and instructions for use

This article describes recent research in subjective usability measurement at IBM, focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of questionnaires designed for use in scenario‐based usability evaluation. The questionnaires address evaluation at both a global overall system level and at a more detailed scenario level. The primary goals of this article are to (a) discuss the psychometric characteristics of IBM questionnaires that measure user satisfaction with computer system usability, and (b) provide the questionnaires, with administration and scoring instructions. For scenario‐level measurement, the 3‐item After‐Scenario Questionnaire (ASQ) has excellent internal consistency, with coefficient alphas across a set of scenarios ranging from . 90 to . 96. For more global assessment, the Post‐Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) also has excellent internal consistency, with an overall coefficient alpha of . 97. Preliminary principal factor analysis of 48 PSSUQ questionnaires suggested the presence of.
Radiographs in the Ofﬁce: Is a Second Reading Always Needed?

Background: We evaluated the frequency, nature, and importance of the changes in patient care that occurred as a result of differences in outpatient radiograph readings for cases in which the primary care clinician, hypothetically, would not request a second reading by a radiologist. Methods: During 4 months, 1393 pairs of radiographic readings were collected from 9 volunteer primary care practices with 86 clinicians and a second reading by one of 42 radiologists. For 553, hypothetically, the clinician would not request a consultation from a radiologist. Review analysis of the 553 pairs revealed 100 (18.1%) radiographs in which the radiologist’s reading did not agree with the clinician’s reading. Data from the original visit and subsequent related care were abstracted from patient charts and reviewed. Changes in clinical care resulting from the radiologist’s reading were identiﬁed. Results: The radiologists’ second reading of these 553 sets of radiographs resulted in 14 (2.5% of 553 and 14% of 100) cases of one or more changes in care. We found 38 documented or presumed changes in care and zero substantial changes in care. Conclusions: Primary care clinicians are able to identify radiographs for which a second reading by a radiologist will not result in substantial changes in care. (J Am Board Fam Pract 2004;17:256–63.) Thirteen percent of general radiology (plain ﬁlms) of billing of radiographs costs and which radiologic procedures radiologists none of
Projeto arquitetural de serviços de representação e agregação de informações de contexto baseadas em ontologias

Contexto e o conjunto de informacoes que pode ser utilizado para caracterizar a situacao de uma entidade (pessoa, lugar ou objeto relevante para a interacao usuario-aplicacao) [10]. Perera et al. [36] propoem um ciclo de vida para a informacao de contexto composto por 4 etapas: aquisicao, modelagem, raciocinio e disseminacao. A etapa de modelagem de contexto consiste em representar o mundo real na computacao. Segundo Bettini et. al. [2] “uma boa modelagem de informacao de contexto reduz a complexidade das aplicacoes sensiveis a contexto”. Um Sistema Sensivel ao Contexto Semântico (SSCS) e um sistema computacional que utiliza ontologias que, segundo Gruber [15], e “uma especificacao explicita de uma conceitualizacao”, e consistem em uma das formas de modelar as informacoes de contexto. Como resultado de uma revisao sistematica feita pelo autor deste trabalho evidenciou que na literatura o foco dos trabalhos tem sido na modelagem da informacao de contexto com menor enfoque no uso de projeto arquitetural. Com base nisso, o principal problema enderecado neste trabalho e a criacao e avaliacao dos projetos arquiteturais que trabalhem em conjunto na modelagem do ciclo de vida de contexto em SSCS. Objetiva-se elaborar uma solucao arquitetural para sistemas sensiveis ao contexto semântico baseado em ontologias. Propos-se neste trabalho o projeto arquitetural para o software de representacao ontologica de contexto e para o software de agregacao ontologica de contexto. O primeiro representa as informacoes coletadas atraves de sensores e o segundo agrega as informacoes representadas para um mesmo individuo ou entidade. Realizou-se, assim, a avaliacao dos projetos arquiteturais propostos e explana-se sobre os resultados obtidos, comparando-os com outros projetos existentes na literatura. Com a obtencao dos resultados propostos, espera-se contribuir com a literatura, apresentando projetos arquiteturais e avaliacoes destes, auxiliando, assim, o desenvolvimento de SSCS no que se refere a modelagem do ciclo de vida de contexto.
Multilocus Analysis of Introgression Between Two Sympatric Sister Species of Drosophila: Drosophila yakuba and D. santomea

Drosophila yakuba is widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa, while D. santomea is endemic to the volcanic island of São Tomé in the Atlantic Ocean, 280 km west of Gabon. On São Tomé, D. yakuba is found mainly in open lowland forests, and D. santomea is restricted to the wet misty forests at higher elevations. At intermediate elevations, the species form a hybrid zone where hybrids occur at a frequency of ∼1%. To determine the extent of gene flow between these species we studied polymorphism and divergence patterns in 29 regions distributed throughout the genome, including mtDNA and three genes on the Y chromosome. This multilocus approach, together with the comparison to the two allopatric species D. mauritiana and D. sechellia, allowed us to distinguish between forces that should affect all genes and forces that should act on some genes (e.g., introgression). Our results show that D. yakuba mtDNA has replaced that of D. santomea and that there is also significant introgression for two nuclear genes, yellow and salr. The majority of genes, however, has remained distinct. These two species therefore do not form a “hybrid swarm” in which much of the genome shows substantial introgression while disruptive selection maintains distinctness for only a few traits (e.g., pigmentation and male genitalia).