Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adolescents' use of affiliative and aggressive strategies during conflict with romantic partners and best-friends

Objective: Developmental theory suggests romantic relationships present unique demands when adolescents transition from the interaction patterns of same-sex friendships to cross-gender interactions. A possible response is to incorporate behaviours of the other gender: girls adopting aggressive strategies and boys adopting affiliative ones. The goal of this study is to explore this hypothesis by comparing conflict resolution among romantic couples and same-sex best friends. Method: Observational methods were employed with 37 female best friends, 22 male best friends and 37 romantic couples. Of the romantic couples, 35 also were observed with a best friend. Affiliative and aggressive behaviours were tabulated during two conflict tasks. Results: Female best friends were more affiliative than male best friends and romantic partners; these latter dyads were more aggressive than the female best friends. Within group comparisons indicated that boys and girls decreased their affiliative behaviours, especially verbal humour, and increased their aggressive behaviours, especially teasing, when observed with the romantic partner compared to the best friend. Decomposing the romantic dyad, girlfriends displayed relatively more aggressive behaviours than their boyfriends, and boyfriends exhibited more affiliative behaviours. Conclusions: Findings shed light on gendered shifts in patterns of interaction as adolescents transition from same-sex friendships to romantic relationships.
Effects of host migration, diversity and aquaculture on sea lice threats to Pacific salmon populations

Animal migrations can affect disease dynamics. One consequence of migration common to marine fish and invertebrates is migratory allopatry—a period of spatial separation between adult and juvenile hosts, which is caused by host migration and which prevents parasite transmission from adult to juvenile hosts. We studied this characteristic for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus clemensi) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from one of the Canada's largest salmon stocks. Migratory allopatry protects juvenile salmon from L. salmonis for two to three months of early marine life (2–3% prevalence). In contrast, host diversity facilitates access for C. clemensi to juvenile salmon (8–20% prevalence) but infections appear ephemeral. Aquaculture can augment host abundance and diversity and increase parasite exposure of wild juvenile fish. An empirically parametrized model shows high sensitivity of salmon populations to increased L. salmonis exposure, predicting population collapse at one to five motile L. salmonis per juvenile pink salmon. These results characterize parasite threats of salmon aquaculture to wild salmon populations and show how host migration and diversity are important factors affecting parasite transmission in the oceans.
Gate leakage currents modeling for oxynitride gate dielectric in double gate MOSFETs

The gate leakage current present in double-gate fully depleted fin-shaped MOSFETs with metal gate/single oxynitride layer is modeled. It can significantly contribute to the drive current measured in different conditions, according to its dependence on applied voltages to the structure electrodes, as well as, on the Si regions where the gate has control. Direct tunneling of electrons from inverted channel region and trap assisted tunneling at the overlaps in subthreshold regime have been taken into account in order to represent correctly the behavior of gate leakage currents in these kinds of devices. Agreement observed between modeled and experimental gate current characteristics in inversion and depletion operation modes, linear and saturation drain bias, as well as for transistors with different geometry, was excellent.
Investigating Phonological Representations: A Modeling Agenda

This paper outlines a bottom-up research approach to studying lexical representation, emphasizing the development of infant phonological perception as a source of data that can illuminate the nature of phonological representations. It is proposed that neural network formalisms can provide a useful framework for thinking about these issues. We identify a key set of empirical results, understanding of which would yield considerable insight; this defines a modeling agenda for investigation of phonological representations. We report preliminary simulations that explore this agenda, exemplifying how network modeling techniques can contribute to understanding of these phenomena.
Consistency preserving for evolving megamodels through axiomatic semantics

Software architectures are often made to evolve due to changing user needs and/or to execution environment. The paper addresses the problem of ensuring consistency in dynamically changing software systems. The proposed approach uses a runtime megamodel which represents the architectural model of the running system and is used as a basis for model management and for changes representation. For this purpose, it should then be considered as an execution environment or more simply as a (mega-) program and thus should have to exhibit some self-∗ properties such as self-management and self-healing. And for that, we use inference rules for reasoning about, specifying, and representing change operations. Thereby preserving the megamodel's structural consistency through a logic-based approach, by defining a safe execution and an execution semantic for each operation likely to modify the megamodel contents. An initial implementation of a DSL suite for validating the approach, called MOME, is briefly presented.
Flow Control for Interconnection Networks

An interconnection network is characterized by its topology, routing and flow control. The topology is a directed graph, where the nodes represent the routing modules and the edges represent the channels. Routing specifies how a packet chooses a path on this graph. Flow control examines the allocation of resources, mainly channels and buffers to a packet as it traverses this path. This paper summarizes five works on flow control, each optimizing different performance and reliability metrics, such as throughput, latency and quality of service, in an attempt to examine them under the prism of their applicability for on-chip interconnects. A Critical review and a number of optimizations are also presented.
Notions of Upward Compatibility of Temporal Query Languages

Migrating applications from conventional to temporal database management technology has received scant mention in the research literature. This paper formally defines three increasingly restrictive notions of upward compatibility which capture properties of a temporal SQL with respect to conventional SQL that, when satisfied, provide for a smooth migration of legacy applications to a temporal system. The notions of upward compatibility dictate the semantics of conventional SQL statements and constrain the semantics of extensions to these statements. The paper evaluates the seven extant temporal extensions to SQL, all of which are shown to complicate migration through design decisions that violate one or more of these notions. We then outline how SQL–92 can be systematically extended to become a temporal query language that satisfies all three notions.
Research on power point tracking algorithm considered spinning reserve capacity in gird-connected photovoltaic system based on VSG control strategy

To improve reliability of micro-grid system without energy storage, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm considered spinning reserve capacity was proposed. Using implicit curve fitting method, the algorithm set aside 10% of PV array's maximum output power as spinning reserve of distributed generation (DG), and tracked maximum power point of load in real simultaneously. Moreover, to improve contribution of DG to the required inertia of power system, a photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator (PV-VSG) model was designed. The VSG power controller was presented for its outer-loop, and controller based on inductor current feedback for the inner-loop. The simulation results show that the proposed MPPT algorithm has high accuracy and PV-VSG strategy exhibits inertia and damping characteristics in tracking power command when VSG system power changes or voltage sags. The proposed strategy, which contributes to reduce energy storage costs, can also help achieve a high penetration of PV in grid.
Using social network analysis to investigate students' collaboration patterns in eMUSE platform

Social network analysis can be used to investigate collaboration in learning networks, which can be modeled as social graphs. We have already proposed a conceptual framework for knowledge extraction and visualization from a social media-based learning environment, starting from specific educational needs identified by the instructors. In the current paper, we experimentally validate this framework on our eMUSE social learning platform. In particular, we investigate students' collaboration patterns in a project-based learning scenario. Social network analysis techniques are used to extract knowledge regarding specific differences in blog vs. microblog support, as well as intra-team vs. inter-team collaboration; several salient students and teams are also analyzed in more detail.
Alcohol Policy Opinions in the United States over a 15-Year Period of Dynamic per Capita Consumption Changes: Implications for Today's Public Health Practice

We examine 1989–2005 trends in United States (US) public opinion using 11 alcohol policy items (seven national telephone surveys) during a dynamic drop in per capita intake until the mid-1990s, followed by the first sustained upturn seen since 1980. In the 2000 U.S. National Alcohol Survey (NAS) survey 14 available policy items were factor analyzed, forming four factor-based scales replicated in 2005. Linear regression examined changing demographic correlates of support for the four policy areas between 2000 and 2005. Several empirically effective policy levers have weak support, which continues to erode. Between 2000 and 2005 support weakened by an average of 1% for all except two policies, both of which declined since 1989. Even support for alcohol warning labels has turned down for the first time since 1989. Implications of the declining endorsement of alcohol policies are discussed, given the upturn in consumption. Community-based strategies are needed to inform the public of benefits of alcohol policies.
Long-term changes in myosin heavy chain composition after botulinum toxin a injection into rat medial rectus muscle.

PURPOSE To study long-term changes of extraocular muscles after botulinum toxin (Botx) A-induced paralysis, with special emphasis on myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform pattern in muscle fibers. METHODS Botx A (5 IU) was injected into the ocular medial rectus (MR) muscles of adult rats. After 1, 5, and 8 months muscle cross sections were examined immunohistochemically, histochemically, and morphometrically. MyHC content was analyzed by gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Paralyzed MR muscles displayed mildly atrophic and hypertrophic muscle fibers and decreased oxidative metabolism, due to decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity. However, muscle morphology was not grossly disturbed. MyHC profile was shifted toward slower isoforms. Electrophoretic analysis showed that the share of MyHCI, and especially of MyHCIIa and MyHCIIx/d, increased several fold, whereas the share of MyHCIIb decreased heavily during the first 5 months. Immunohistochemical analysis generally mirrored the results obtained by electrophoresis. Moreover, specific extraocular MyHC isoform MyHCeom disappeared and could not be detected during the whole experimental period. The portion of MyHCIIb relatively increased 8 months after Botx A injection, although the MyHC profile was still far from normal. CONCLUSIONS These long-lasting changes in Botx A-paralyzed ocular MR muscles most probably reflect their inability to regain their unique functional characteristics after new motor end plate formation and recovery of muscle contraction.
No-Regret Learnability for Piecewise Linear Losses

In the convex optimization approach to online regret minimization, many methods have been developed to guarantee a $O(\sqrt{T})$ bound on regret for subdifferentiable convex loss functions with bounded subgradients, by using a reduction to linear loss functions. This suggests that linear loss functions tend to be the hardest ones to learn against, regardless of the underlying decision spaces. We investigate this question in a systematic fashion looking at the interplay between the set of possible moves for both the decision maker and the adversarial environment. This allows us to highlight sharp distinctive behaviors about the learnability of piecewise linear loss functions. On the one hand, when the decision set of the decision maker is a polyhedron, we establish $\Omega(\sqrt{T})$ lower bounds on regret for a large class of piecewise linear loss functions with important applications in online linear optimization, repeated zero-sum Stackelberg games, online prediction with side information, and online two-stage optimization. On the other hand, we exhibit $o(\sqrt{T})$ learning rates, achieved by the Follow-The-Leader algorithm, in online linear optimization when the boundary of the decision maker's decision set is curved and when $0$ does not lie in the convex hull of the environment's decision set. Hence, the curvature of the decision maker's decision set is a determining factor for the optimal learning rate. These results hold in a completely adversarial setting.
Closed-form expressions for extending step delay and slew metrics to ramp inputs for RC trees

Recent years have seen significant research in finding closed form expressions for the delay of an RC circuit that improves upon the Elmore delay model. However, several of these formulae assume a step excitation, leaving it to the reader to find a suitable extension to ramp-we always refer to saturated ramps in this paper-inputs. The few works that do consider ramp inputs do not present a closed-form formula that works for a wide range of possible input slews. We propose the PERI (probability distribution function extension for ramp inputs) technique, that extends delay metrics for step inputs to the more general and realistic non-step (such as a ramp) inputs. Although there has been little work done in finding good slew (which is also referred as signal transition time) metrics, we also show how one can extend a slew metric for step inputs to the non-step case. We validate the efficacy of our approach through experimental results from several hundred RC dominated nets extracted from an industry application specific integrated circuit design.
Political psychology and peace: A half-century perspective.

The author's long involvement with political psychology touches on some major upheavals in assumptions and preoccupations that are reviewed in their relevance to the present focus on the transition to the next century and millenium. His first empirical work in the field challenged the narrow focus of Lasswell' s account of political opinion and behavior in terms of displacement and rationalization. The onset of the Cold War (the setting of that research) had already dated the optimistic assumptions of the wartime Psychologists' Manifesto. Psychological responses to the Cold War and to the Israeli--Palestinian conflict are reviewed. Since the end of the Cold War, the worldwide eruption of ethnic and religious conflict defines another radical shift in the reality context of political psychology, which challenges the optimism of the Seville Statement on Violence formulated during the Cold War. The joint presidential initiative of the American and Canadian Psychological Associations on ethnopolitical warfare .
Number : Title : A 3 . 4713-Approximation Algorithm for the Capacitated Multicast Tree Routing Problem

Given an underlying communication network represented as an edge-weight graph G = (V,E), a source node s ∈ V , a set of destination nodes D ⊆ V , and a capacity k which is a positive integer, the capacitated multicast tree routing problem asks for a minimum cost routing scheme for source s to send data to all destination nodes, under the constraint that in each routing tree at most k destination nodes are allowed to receive the data copies. The cost of the routing scheme is the sum of the costs of all individual routing trees therein. Improving on our previous approximation algorithm for the problem, we present a new algorithm which achieves a worst case performance ratio of √ 2089+77 80 + 5 4ρ, where ρ denotes the best known approximation ratio for the Steiner minimum tree problem. Since ρ is about 1.55 at the writing of the paper, the ratio achieved by our new algorithm is less than 3.4713. In comparison, the previously best ratio was 8 5 + 5 4ρ ≈ 3.5375.
Türkiye’deki İngilizce Ders Kitaplarının Kültürel Perspektifleri: Tek Tip Öğretim Materyalleri Kültürlerarası Özellikleri İçeriyor mu?

The integration of language and culture has been one of the focal concerns of language pedagogy. This integration has become progressively more important with the increasing role of English as a global lingua franca. Therefore, it is important for language teaching materials to present various cultural elements in order to pave the way for the development of Intercultural Communicative Competence. Until now, it has been claimed that most of the government-issued coursebooks used in language classes in Turkey fail to create a meaningful relationship between home and target cultures, thereby overlooking the importance of cultural diversity. The present study is an attempt to explore whether this kind of limited cultural content persists in language teaching materials. Accordingly, a series of three coursebooks used as core language teaching texts at public elementary schools in Turkey was evaluated in terms of four cultural aspects: products, practices, perspectives, and people. It was found that contrary to the previous studies, all three of the coursebooks do take diverse cultures into account, although with a clear emphasis on Europe.
CUA guidelines on the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

According to the Canadian Cancer Society, bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer overall, accounting for 7800 cases/year.1 The most common type of histology is urothelial carcinoma (greater than 90%), followed by adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and small cell carcinoma. Risk factors associated with bladder cancer include smoking, chronic inflammatory changes in the bladder (due to persistent bladder stones, recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic indwelling catheters or schistosomiasis), and chemotherapeutic exposure, such as cyclophosphamide.2-7 Other risk factors include pelvic irradiation, occupational exposure to chemicals from the aromatic amine family, and chronic phenacetin use.8-11 Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) is associated with extracolonic cancers, including bladder cancer in 6% to 7% of cases.12-14 Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) accounts for about 75% to 80% of all incident bladder cancer cases;15 Ta accounts for most NMIBC (60%), whereas T1 and Tis (carcinoma in situ [CIS]) account for 30% and 10%, respectively. The associated long-term survival and recurring nature of NMIBC create a major economic burden on healthcare systems.16 As measured on the basis of cumulative per patient cost from diagnosis until death, bladder cancer is the most expensive human cancer to treat.17 The management of NMIBC has changed over the last decade. Methods
THE LUSCHER COLOR TEST: AN INVESTIGATION OF VALIDITY AND UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS

Summary This experiment investigated several underlying assumptions and one aspect of the validity of the Luscher Color Test, a projective test developed in Europe and relatively unknown in the United States. It was predicted that Ss would report increases in “negative” feelings to the color red, while blue would have the opposite effect, and yellow would produce an increase in “positive” feelings. Twenty-three male and 23 female Ss rated their immediate reactions to the LCT colors on seven mood adjectives, following which they were given the short version LCT and the IPAT Anxiety Scale. The results supported the hypotheses regarding blue and yellow, but not those regarding red nor the validity of the LCT as an anxiety measuring instrument.
Explicit Duration Hidden Markov Models for Multiple-Instrument Polyphonic Music Transcription

In this paper, a method for multiple-instrument automatic music transcription is proposed that models the temporal evolution and duration of tones. The proposed model supports the use of spectral templates per pitch and instrument which correspond to sound states such as attack, sustain, and decay. Pitch-wise explicit duration hidden Markov models (EDHMMs) are integrated into a convolutive probabilistic framework for modelling the temporal evolution and duration of the sound states. A two-stage transcription procedure integrating note tracking information is performed in order to provide more robust pitch estimates. The proposed system is evaluated on multi-pitch detection and instrument assignment using various publicly available datasets. Results show that the proposed system outperforms a hidden Markov model-based transcription system using the same framework, as well as several state-of-theart automatic music transcription systems.
Driving force for indentation cracking in glass: composition, pressure and temperature dependence

The occurrence of damage at the surface of glass parts caused by sharp contact loading is a major issue for glass makers, suppliers and end-users. Yet, it is still a poorly understood problem from the viewpoints both of glass science and solid mechanics. Different microcracking patterns are observed at indentation sites depending on the glass composition and indentation cracks may form during both the loading and the unloading stages. Besides, we do not know much about the fracture toughness of glass and its composition dependence, so that setting a criterion for crack initiation and predicting the extent of the damage yet remain out of reach. In this study, by comparison of the behaviour of glasses from very different chemical systems and by identifying experimentally the individual contributions of the different rheological processes leading to the formation of the imprint—namely elasticity, densification and shear flow—we obtain a fairly straightforward prediction of the type and extent of the microcracks which will most likely form, depending on the physical properties of the glass. Finally, some guidelines to reduce the driving force for microcracking are proposed in the light of the effects of composition, temperature and pressure, and the areas for further research are briefly discussed.
MMP7 is a target of the tumour‐associated antigen EpCAM

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a single‐transmembrane protein, which is involved in numerous cellular processes including cell adhesion, proliferation, maintenance of stemness of embryonic cells and progenitors, migration and invasion. Activation of signal transduction by EpCAM is warranted by regulated intramembrane proteolysis and nuclear translocation of the intracellular domain EpICD. Here, we describe matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a target gene of EpCAM signalling viaEpICD nuclear translocation. EpCAM and MMP7 expression pattern and levels positively correlated in vitro and in vivo, and were strongly elevated in primary carcinomas of the head and neck area. Hence, MMP7 is a novel target of EpCAM signalling.