Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast Milk Consumption in Preterm Neonates and Cardiac Shape in Adulthood

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preterm birth relates to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Understanding whether preterm postnatal life is a tractable period of cardiovascular development that can be positively altered by nutrition is relevant to long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that being fed human breast milk during early postnatal life is beneficial to long-term cardiac structure and function in preterm-born individuals compared with infant formulas. METHODS: A total of 926 preterm-born infants originally took part in a randomized controlled trial of postnatal milk-feeding regimens between 1982 and 1985 across 5 different UK centers. Preterm-born individuals were randomly assigned to either breast milk donated by unrelated lactating women or nutrient-enriched formulas. We followed 102 individuals from this cohort: 30 of whom had been randomized to being fed exclusively human milk and 16 to being fed exclusively formula. As a comparison group, we recruited an additional 102 individuals born term to uncomplicated pregnancies. Cardiac morphology and function were assessed by MRI. RESULTS: Preterm-born individuals fed exclusively human milk as infants had increased left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (+9.73%, P = .04 and +18.2%, P < .001) and stroke volume index (+9.79%, P = .05 and +22.1%, P = .01) compared with preterm-born individuals who were exclusively formula fed as infants. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence of a beneficial association between breast milk and cardiac morphology and function in adult life in those born preterm and supports promotion of human milk for the care of preterm infants to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.
Repetitive firing in layer V neurons from cat neocortex in vitro.

Input-output relations of large neurons from layer V of cat sensorimotor cortex were studied in an in vitro slice preparation using steps and ramps of intracellularly injected current. Depolarization attained during the interspike interval (ISI) was compared to the voltage levels required to activate a previously described (29) persistent sodium current (INaP). INaP was studied using a single-electrode voltage clamp in the same cells tested for firing behavior. Following an injected current step, firing rate declined smoothly to a steady level with a time course that was approximately exponential in most cells (tau, 9-43 ms). In most cells, the relation between firing rate and injected current (f-I relation) consisted of two linear segments, both for adapted, steady firing and for early intervals during adaptation. The slope of the steeper, initial (or sole) linear segment of the f-I curve averaged 26.2 Hz/nA during steady firing and was steeper when plotted for early interspike intervals. The variation of the depolarization at which spike initiation occurred (firing level) and the membrane potential between rhythmic spikes was examined during adaptation and steady firing. In most cells, firing level rose rapidly during a rhythmic train to a steady value. The steady firing level attained remained unchanged over a wide range of steady firing rates. Nevertheless, the mean depolarization during the interspike interval (V) increased approximately linearly with steady firing rate. Even at the slowest firing rates, V is sufficient to activate INaP. The use of injected current ramps demonstrated that neocortical cells were sensitive to rate of change of stimulus current (dI/dt) as well as its amplitude (I). The use of ramps followed by steady currents demonstrated that the repetitive response lagged behind changes in stimulus parameters and did not reach a steady state even during slow ramps; i.e., the response depended on time as well as on I and dI/dt. Instantaneous firing rate during the ramp increased linearly with time for a wide range of ramp slopes (dI/dt). The instantaneous firing rate of early interspike intervals was also linearly related to ramp slope for small ramp slopes. In spite of these linear relationships, quantitative analysis indicated that firing rate during ramp stimulation cannot, in general, be described by a simple linear combination of separate amplitude- and rate-dependent terms. The repetitive firing properties of the in vitro neurons are compared to those of in vivo neocortical neurons and other cell types. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Intracoronary administration of autologous adipose tissue-derived stem cells improves left ventricular function, perfusion, and remodelling after acute myocardial infarction.

AIMS This study was designed to assess whether intracoronary application of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) compared with bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) and control could improve cardiac function after 30 days in a porcine acute myocardial infarction/reperfusion model. METHODS AND RESULTS An acute transmural porcine myocardial infarction was induced by inflating an angioplasty balloon for 180 min in the mid-left anterior descending artery. Two million cultured autologous stem cells were intracoronary injected through the central lumen of the inflated balloon catheter. Analysis of scintigraphic data obtained after 28 +/- 3 days showed that both absolute and relative perfusion defect decreased significantly after intracoronary administration of ADSCs or BMSCs (relative 30 or 31%, respectively), compared with carrier administration alone (12%, P = 0.048). Left ventricular ejection fraction after 4 weeks increased significantly more after ADSC and BMSC administration than after carrier administration: 11.39 +/- 4.62 and 9.59 +/- 7.95%, respectively vs. 1.95 +/- 4.7%, P = 0.02). The relative thickness of the ventricular wall in the infarction area after cell administration was significantly greater than that after carrier administration. The vascular density of the border zone also improved. The grafted cells co-localized with von Willebrand factor and alpha-smooth muscle actin and incorporated into newly formed vessels. CONCLUSION This is the first study to show that not only bone marrow-derived cells but also ADSCs engrafted in the infarct region 4 weeks after intracoronary cell transplantation and improved cardiac function and perfusion via angiogenesis.
Describing the Face of Transference: Psychodynamic Therapists' Recollections about Transference in Cases of Successful Long-Term Therapy.

This study used the consensual qualitative research method to address questions about therapists' perceptions of transference in long-term therapy: How does transference operate? How is transference dealt with and resolved? What problems do therapists encounter with transference? Eleven dynamically oriented therapists were interviewed by phone about a successful case in which transference was an important part of treatment. On the basis of therapists' recollections, findings suggested that transference operated in a complex manner in terms of source, valence, themes, and the events influencing it; therapists used a wide range of techniques (nonanalytic and analytic) to deal with transference; working alliance, real relationship, and client emotional insight importantly influenced the resolution of transference ; and a variety of countertransference reactions and mistakes were encountered when dealing with transference.
Comparative Study Of The Prevalence Of Psk41 In Heterogenous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Against Non- Heterogenous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates And The Prevalence By Patient Severity

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PREVALENCE OF PSK41 IN HETEROGENOUS VANCOMYCIN-INTERMEDIATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES AGAINST NONHETEROGENOUS VANCOMYCIN-INTERMEDIATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATES AND THE PREVALENCE BY PATIENT SEVERITY by
Surgical Management of Unilateral Soft Tissue Swelling around the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in an Adolescent: A Case Report of Pachydermodactyly

Pachydermodactyly (PDD) is a rare and benign acquired form of digital fibromatosis, characterized by asymptomatic fusiform soft tissue hypertrophy of the lateral aspect of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints of the fingers. The etiology of PDD remains unknown, but it usually affects healthy males around the age of puberty. It can be misdiagnosed as inflammatory rheumatic diseases, especially as juvenile chronic arthritis. Here, we report a case of PDD in an 18-year-old man who had progressive fusiform swelling of the PIP joint on his left middle finger. Although he had no pain or functional limitation of movement, he chose to undergo surgical resection of the lesion to obtain a conclusive diagnosis and to rectify the deformity's appearance. Histologically, the lesion was characterized by coarse fibrosis in the adipose tissue, peripheral nerve fibers, and eccrine glands; this is compatible with a diagnosis of PDD.
How validity travelled to economic experimenting

Validity was first given a more specifically scientific meaning by psychologists in the early twentieth century in the contexts of psychological tests. Following the classification of different validity-types in the American Psychological Association's Technical Recommendations (1954), validity travelled from psychological tests to psychological experiments through the work of Donald Campbell. Thus the idea was introduced that also experiments could be more or less valid. In addition, a distinction was made between the internal and the external validity of an experiment. Of the two domains in which validity was employed in psychology, only the internal and external validity of experimental methodology travelled to economics. The initial implementation of validity in economic experimentation was reluctant, and focused upon showing how external validity in particular was not problematic in economic experiments. However, the gradual adoption of validity by economists working with experiments eventually led to the clear, analytical definition of internal validity by Francesco Guala, a definition that was subsequently taken over by other economists. In its travels from psychological tests to psychological experiments to economic experiments the concept of validity generally retained its meaning as the accuracy of a scientific procedure. At the same time, however, it was put to use in dissimilar ways and elicited different discussions in the scientific realms in which it was applied.
Face Recognition Using Hierarchical Isomap

Nonlinear dimension reduction method Isomap has demonstrated promising performance in finding low dimensional manifolds from data points in the high dimensional input space. The Isomap method estimates geodesic distance between data points instead of taking the Euclidean distance and then uses multidimensional scaling (MDS) to induce a low dimensional embedding from the geodesic distance graph. However, since the original prototype Isomap does not discriminate data acquired from different classes, when concerned with multi-class data, several isolated sub-graphs will result in undesirable embedding. In this paper, a hierarchical Isomap algorithm is proposed for the multi-class data, which first computes within-class and between-class geodesic distances separately and the final embedding is obtained from the augmented geodesic distance matrix using MDS. The experimental results reveal a promising performance of the proposed algorithm.
Automatic classification of unequal lexical stress patterns using machine learning algorithms

Technology based speech therapy systems are severely handicapped due to the absence of accurate prosodic event identification algorithms. This paper introduces an automatic method for the classification of strong-weak (SW) and weak-strong (WS) stress patterns in children speech with American English accent, for use in the assessment of the speech dysprosody. We investigate the ability of two sets of features used to train classifiers to identify the variation in lexical stress between two consecutive syllables. The first set consists of traditional features derived from measurements of pitch, intensity and duration, whereas the second set consists of energies of different filter banks. Three different classifiers were used in the experiments: an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier with a single hidden layer, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier with both linear and Gaussian kernels and the Maximum Entropy modeling (MaxEnt). these features. Best results were obtained using an ANN classifier and a combination of the two sets of features. The system correctly classified 94% of the SW stress patterns and 76% of the WS stress patterns.
Predictive value of automated oxygen saturation analysis for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in a home-based setting

Background: A portable monitor for the automated analysis of episodic nocturnal oxygen saturation or Spo2 (the Remmers Sleep Recorder, RSR) has been proposed for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea (OSAH). A study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performance of automated analysis with the manual scoring of polygraphic data by a more comprehensive respiratory monitor (the Suzanne recorder) used simultaneously in their intended home environment. Methods: The respiratory disturbance indexes of the two monitors were compared in 94 consecutive adult patients suspected of having OSAH and who were deemed eligible for home-based investigation. Results: The RSR overestimated the number of respiratory events associated with a ⩾4% fall in Spo2 by 13% (p<0.005) but underestimated the number of apnoeas and hypopnoeas defined on the basis of respiratory variables alone or their association with a ⩾4% fall in Spo2 or autonomic arousals by 38–48% (p<0.0001). In addition to these significant biases, the limits of agreement in all instances were wide, indicating a poor concurrence between the two monitors. Conclusion: The automated analysis of Spo2 with the RSR cannot be substituted for the manual scoring of polygraphic data with the more comprehensive respiratory monitor in the diagnosis of OSAH in an ambulatory home-based setting.
METTA : A TABLET-BASED PLATFORM FOR MONITORED AT HOME TRAINING AS DEMONSTRATED THROUGH THE EPICWHEELS WHEELCHAIR SKILLS TRAINING PROGRAM

Education and training are key components of any rehabilitation program. While such services are ideally delivered in person, cost, time and travel demands often prevent clinicians from offering this level of personalized interaction. Mobility is the most prevalent area of impairment among Canadian older adults and hence a key target for such programs. Manual wheelchairs (MWCs) are a commonly used assistive device, but merely acquiring a MWC does not guarantee satisfactory performance of desired activities: In Canada, over 90% of older MWC users experienced restricted performance in at least one major life activity (Statistics Canada, 2008). A structured education program delivered in-person, such as the Wheelchair Skills Training Program (WSTP), can produce significant improvement in skill capacity among adult MWC users (for example, see (Best, Kirby, Smith, & MacLeod, 2005)); however, few older adults receive such training because of resource limitations.
The Structure of Choice

Both Nevin (1969) and Shimp (1966) found on different choice procedures that pigeons equate (match) the proportion of their choices to the proportion of reinforcers each choice delivers. Their results differed in terms of the order of successive choices: Shimp found pigeons ordered successive choices so as to maximize the reinforcement rate, whereas Nevin found no evidence of such an ordering. Experiment 1 replicated both studies and found in both: (a) matching relations and (b) sequential dependencies of choice that corresponded with Shimp's maximizing prediction. The next three experiments studied the order of choices in three other choice procedures: (a) concurrent variable-interval schedules with a changeover delay, (b) concurrent variable-interval schedules without a changeover delay, and (c) concurrent-chains schedules. In all of these procedures, control of choice at the level of the response sequence was evident. The major features of the data from all four experiments were attributed to two molecular processes: response perseveration and reinforcement maximization. This evidence for a microstructure of choice suggests that the molar matching law is not isomorphic with the molecular processes governing concurrent performances.
A reduced basis method for molecular dynamics simulation

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are computationally expensive and generally require a large amount of data storage. We propose a method to reduce computational costs and storage requirements using singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis. In particular, we compute the truncated SVD of the MD trajectory in order to obtain a reduced representation of the trajectory. We update the basis defined by the left singular vectors as new information becomes available. SVD analysis of the computed trajectories will be developed to augment abilities to locate active sites, to identify preferred molecular configurations, and to study periodic behavior. Visualization and manipulation for display purposes can also be vastly improved through the data compression made possible by the truncated SVD reduced basis approach. In any trajectory, whether generated by traditional dynamics methods, time-averaged refinements, or a reduced-basis set method, classical principal component analysis may be used to classify and represent the dominant characteristics of the MD trajectory. Here we augment the classical principal component analysis with an SVD updating scheme. We present preliminary results obtained with respect to a harmonic oscillator model and butane.
Fast Parallel Graph Triad Census and Triangle Counting on Shared-Memory Platforms

Triad census is a graph analytic used for comparative network analysis and to characterize local structure in directed networks. For large sparse graphs, an algorithm by Batagelj and Mrvar is considered the state-of-the-art for computing triad census. In this paper, we present a new parallel algorithm for triad census. Our algorithm takes advantage of a specific graph vertex identifier ordering to reduce the operation count. We also develop several new variants for exact triangle counting in large sparse, undirected graphs. We show that our parallel triangle counting variants outperform other recently-developed triangle counting methods on current Intel multicore and manycore processors. We also achieve good strong scaling for both triad census and triangle counting on these platforms.
Summary of the MaasMatch participation in the OAEI-2013 campaign

This paper summarizes the results of the third participation of the MaasMatch system in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) competition. Several additions were made to the MaasMatch system with the intent of rectifying its limitations, as observed during the previous OAEI campaign. The extent of the additions and their effect on the individual dataset will be elaborated.
Constructivism, Direct Realism and the Nature of Error

Many theorists have argued that the existence of error refutes the direct realist thesis that cognition is a relation between an organism and an external state of affairs. The constructivist view, widely preferred in contemporary-psychology, is that knowledge is pieced together by the mind from inadequate data (commonly termed `symbols', `representations' or `appearances'). Error occurs where these constructed cognitions fail to correspond to what is really the case. It is argued that constructivism fails on its own terms, since each one of its distinguishing characteristics is logically incoherent. It is only under a direct realist programme that the distinction between error and cognition becomes meaningful: error is not a variety of cognition `gone wrong', but occurs only in the absence of cognition. Realist attempts to accommodate error without due regard to this stricture fall prey to the same logical difficulties encountered by constructivism. A failure of cognition, it is proposed, occurs where either (i) the organism lacks the requisite cognitive capacity to cognize some situation (organismic inability to cognize); (ii) the situation is not accessible to the organism (lack of opportunity for cognition); or (iii) the situation acts upon the organism so as to block the organism's cognition of some fact (inhibition of cognition). Errors of omission, or first-order errors, occur where the organism fails to cognize some fact; errors of commission, or second-order errors, occur where the organism fails to cognize that it has failed to cognize some fact. Omission theories of error such as the hierarchical model proposed hold important implications for psychological theory and research.
Personality and Prejudice: Extension to the HEXACO Personality Model

We modelled the associations between the HEXACO dimensions of personality, Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right–Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and prejudice towards dangerous, derogated and dissident groups (N = 454 undergraduates). Consistent with a Big–Five model, low Openness to Experience predicted RWA and therefore dangerous and dissident group prejudice. As predicted, low Emotionality (and Openness) rather than Agreeableness predicted SDO and therefore derogated and dissident group prejudice. Comparison with meta–analytic averages of Big–Five data supported expected similarities and differences in the association of Big–Five and HEXACO models of personality with ideology. Finally, Honesty–Humility simultaneously predicted increases in RWA but decreases in SDO, and thus opposing effects on prejudice. These opposing effects have gone unidentified in research employing Big–Five models of personality structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why Do North African Firms Engage in Corruption ?

This paper empirically analyzes the main microeconomic determinants of two forms of corruption supply, administrative corruption and state capture, by Maghrebi firms. This study is based on a new database of near 600 Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian firms. I show that tax evasion is a major factor of the engagement of firms in administrative corruption. The latter increases with the share of sales hidden by the firm as long as it is below half of total sales, and slightly decreases thereafter. State capture is fostered by a failing enforcement of property and contract rights. Interestingly, less competitive firms appear to engage more in both forms of corruption than the most dynamic ones. After assessing the robustness of my empirical results, I draw a comparison of the factors of corruption in North Africa, Uganda and transition countries.
A radiation hybrid map of river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) chromosome 7 and comparative mapping to the cattle and human genomes

A preliminary radiation hybrid (RH) map containing 50 loci on chromosome 7 of the domestic river buffalo Bubalus bubalis (BBU; 2n = 50) was constructed based on a comparative mapping approach. The RH map of BBU7 includes thirty-seven gene markers and thirteen microsatellites. All loci have been previously assigned to Bos taurus (BTA) chromosome BTA6, which is known for its association with several economically important milk production traits in cattle. The map consists of two linkage groups spanning a total length of 627.9 cR5,000. Comparative analysis of the BBU7 RH5,000 map with BTA6 in cattle gave new evidence for strong similarity between the two chromosomes over their entire length and exposed minor differences in locus order. Comparison of the BBU7 RH5,000 map with the Homo sapiens (HSA) genome revealed similarity with a large chromosome segment of HSA4. Comparative analysis of loci in both species revealed more variability than previously known in gene order and several chromosome rearrangements including centromere relocation. The data obtained in our study define the evolutionarily conserved segment on BBU7 and HSA4 to be between 3.5 megabases (Mb) and 115.8 Mb in the HSA4 (genome build 36) DNA sequence.