Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavefront Diffusion and LMSR: Algorithms for Dynamic Repartitioning of Adaptive Meshes

Current multilevel repartitioning schemes tend to perform well on certain types of problems while obtaining worse results for other types of problems. We present two new multilevel algorithms for repartitioning adaptive meshes that improve the performance of multilevel schemes for the types of problems that current schemes perform poorly while maintaining similar or better results for those problems that current schemes perform well. Specifically, we present a new scratch-remap scheme called Locally-matched Multilevel Scratch-remap (or simply LMSR) for repartitioning of adaptive meshes. LMSR tries to compute a high-quality partitioning that has a large amount of overlap with the original partitioning. We show that LMSR generally decreases the data redistribution costs required to balance the load compared to current scratch-remap schemes. We present a new diffusion-based scheme that we refer to as Wavefront Diffusion. In Wavefront Diffusion, the flow of vertices moves in a wavefront from overweight to underweight subdomains. We show that Wavefront Diffusion obtains significantly lower data redistribution costs while maintaining similar or better edge-cut results compared to existing diffusion algorithms. We also compare Wavefront Diffusion with LMSR and show that these provide a trade-off between edge-cut and data redistribution costs for a wide range of problems. Our experimental results on a Gray T3E, an IBM SP2, and a cluster of Pentium Pro workstations show that both schemes are fast and scalable. For example, both are capable of repartitioning a seven million vertex graph in under three seconds on 128 processors of a Gray T3E. Our schemes obtained relative speedups of between nine and 12 when the number of processors was increased by a factor of 16 on a Gray T3E.
A Propositional Branching Temporal Logic for the Ambient Calculus

We advocate the use of a CTL* logic, built upon the Ambient Calculus in dealing with mobile computing phenomena. Our logic is a more expressive alternative to Ambient Logic, based on a single modality, but still powerful enough to handle mobility and dynamic hierarchies of locations. In applications, the possibility of expressing path properties of computation together with state properties opens new perspectives. Moreover, having a temporal logic to express properties of computation, we can reuse the algorithms for model checking temporal logics in analyzing the phenomena described using Ambient Calculus. We resort to syntax trees of Ambient Calculus and enrich them with labelling functions that generates the state processes. These constitute a sound model for Ambient Calculus and are used as possible worlds in a Kripke structure developed for a propositional branching temporal logic. The accessibility relation is generated by the reduction of Ambient Calculus considered as reduction between syntax trees. We provide the algorithms able to compute, giving the initial state of a system, any possible next state. These algorithms could be used together with the algorithms for model checking temporal logic in order to develop model checking analysis for Ambient Calculus.
Overcoming limitations of the SystemC data introspection

Today verification, testing and debugging of SystemC models can be applied at an early stage in the design process. To support these techniques gaining required information of the respective model, the SystemC Verification Library (SCV) implements a concept called data introspection. Unfortunately data introspection holds problems that arise with increasing usage of language features. Native C++ data types for instance will not appear in meta-data extracted by introspection facilities. In this paper we propose a non-intrusive analysis concept to overcome the drawbacks of traditional data introspection. The presented approach is a hybrid technique joining a parser to collect statical information and a code generator to evaluate run time information.
Efficiency of Multi-Valued Encoding in SAT-based ATPG

Automatic Test Pattern Generation (ATPG) is one of the core algorithms in testing of digital circuits and systems. Due to recent advances in algorithms to solve Boolean Satisfiability (SAT), there is a renewed interest in SAT-based ATPG. While the early approaches only used two-valued logic, modern tools have to use multiple values to model unknown values and tri-state elements for buses. In this paper we present a detailed study on how to chose the multi-valued encoding for SAT-based ATPG. The techniques have been implemented and evaluated on large industrial benchmarks.
Clause-Based Reordering Constraints to Improve Statistical Machine Translation

We demonstrate that statistical machine translation (SMT) can be improved substantially by imposing clause-based reordering constraints during decoding. Our analysis of clause-wise translation of different types of clauses shows that it is beneficial to apply these constraints for finite clauses, but not for non-finite clauses. In our experiments in English-Hindi translation with an SMT system (DTM2), on a test corpus containing around 850 sentences with manually annotated clause boundaries, BLEU improves to 20.4 from the baseline score of 19.4. This statistically significant improvement is also confirmed by subjective (human) evaluation. We also report preliminary work on automatically identifying the kind of clause boundaries appropriate for enforcing reordering constraints.
Significance of electrocardiogram recording in high intercostal spaces in patients with early repolarization syndrome.

AIMS Published reports regarding inferolateral early repolarization (ER) syndrome (ERS) before 2013 possibly included patients with Brugada-pattern electrocardiogram (BrP-ECG) recorded only in the high intercostal spaces (HICS). We investigated the significance of HICS ECG recording in ERS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifty-six patients showing inferolateral ER in the standard ECG and spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) not linked to structural heart disease underwent drug provocation tests by sodium channel blockade with right precordial ECG (V1-V3) recording in the 2nd-4th intercostal spaces. The prevalence and long-term outcome of ERS patients with and without BrP-ECG in HICS were investigated. After 18 patients showing type 1 BrP-ECG in the standard ECG were excluded, 38 patients (34 males, mean age; 40.4 ± 13.6 years) were classified into four groups [group A (n = 6;16%):patients with ER and type 1 BrP-ECG only in HICS, group B (n = 5;13%):ERS with non-type 1 BrP-ECG only in HICS, group C (n = 8;21%):ERS with non-type 1 BrP-ECG in the standard ECG, and group D (n = 19;50%):ERS only, spontaneously or after drug provocation test]. During follow-up of 110.0 ± 55.4 months, the rate of VF recurrence including electrical storm was significantly higher in groups A (4/6:67%), B (4/5:80%), and C (4/8:50%) compared with D (2/19:11%) (A, B, and C vs. D, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 30% of the patients with ERS who had been diagnosed with the previous criteria showed BrP-ECG only in HICS. Ventricular fibrillation mostly recurred in patients showing BrP-ECG in any precordial lead including HICS; these comprised 50% of the ERS cohort.
Monitoring Tumor Glucose Utilization by Positron Emission Tomography for the Prediction of Treatment Response to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors

Purpose: The mechanisms underlying the sensitivity of non–small cell lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitors are complex, and there are no established markers to accurately predict treatment outcome in individual patients. Experimental Design: We investigated whether tumors responding to EGFR inhibitors can be identified by measuring treatment-induced changes in glucose utilization by positron emission tomography with the glucose analogue fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET). We studied a panel of cell lines with a spectrum of sensitivity to EGFR kinase inhibitors. After incubation with the EGFR kinase inhibitor gefitinib for various time points, FDG uptake, glucose transport rates, and hexokinase activity were determined. FDG uptake in vivo was assessed by microPET imaging of tumor xenografts in mice. Results: In gefitinib-sensitive cell lines, there was a dramatic decrease in FDG uptake as early as 2 hours after treatment. Immunoblots showed the translocation of glucose transporters (GLUT3) from the plasma membrane to the cytosol; glucose transport rates were reduced 2.6-fold at this time. There was also a modest reduction of hexokinase activity. These metabolic alterations preceded changes in cell cycle distribution, thymidine uptake, and apoptosis. MicroPET studies showed an up to 55% decrease of tumor FDG uptake in sensitive xenografts within 48 hours. In contrast, gefitinib-resistant cells exhibited no measurable changes in FDG uptake, either in cell culture or in vivo. Conclusion: Glucose metabolic activity closely reflects response to gefitinib therapy. FDG-PET may be a valuable clinical predictor, early in the course of treatment, for therapeutic responses to EGFR kinase inhibitors.
Influence of Methylene Blue on Microglia-Induced Inflammation and Motor Neuron Degeneration in the SOD1G93A Model for ALS

Mutations in SOD1 cause hereditary variants of the fatal motor neuron disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Pathophysiology of the disease is non-cell-autonomous, with toxicity deriving also from glia. In particular, microglia contribute to disease progression. Methylene blue (MB) inhibits the effect of nitric oxide, which mediates microglial responses to injury. In vivo 2P-LSM imaging was performed in ALS-linked transgenic SOD1G93A mice to investigate the effect of MB on microglia-mediated inflammation in the spinal cord. Local superfusion of the lateral spinal cord with MB inhibited the microglial reaction directed at a laser-induced axon transection in control and SOD1G93A mice. In vitro, MB at high concentrations inhibited cytokine and chemokine release from microglia of control and advanced clinical SOD1G93A mice. Systemic MB-treatment of SOD1G93A mice at early preclinical stages significantly delayed disease onset and motor dysfunction. However, an increase of MB dose had no additional effect on disease progression; this was unexpected in view of the local anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, in vivo imaging of systemically MB-treated mice also showed no alterations of microglia activity in response to local lesions. Thus although systemic MB treatment had no effect on microgliosis, instead, its use revealed an important influence on motor neuron survival as indicated by an increased number of lumbar anterior horn neurons present at the time of disease onset. Thus, potentially beneficial effects of locally applied MB on inflammatory events contributing to disease progression could not be reproduced in SOD1G93A mice via systemic administration, whereas systemic MB application delayed disease onset via neuroprotection.
Resveratrol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles versus nanostructured lipid carriers: evaluation of antioxidant potential for dermal applications

Background Excessive generation of radical oxygen species (ROS) is a contributor to skin pathologies. Resveratrol (RSV) is a potent antioxidant. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) can ensure close contact and increase the amount of drug absorbed into the skin. In this study, RSV was loaded into SLN and NLC for dermal applications. Methods Nanoparticles were prepared by high shear homogenization using Compritol 888ATO, Myglyol, Poloxamer188, and Tween80. Particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential (ZP), drug entrapment efficiency (EE), and production yield were determined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and morphological transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination were conducted. RSV concentration was optimized with cytotoxicity studies, and net intracellular accumulation of ROS was monitored with cytofluorimetry. The amount of RSV was determined from different layers of rat abdominal skin. Results PS of uniform RSV-SLN and RSV-NLC were determined as 287.2 nm ± 5.1 and 110.5 nm ± 1.3, respectively. ZP was −15.3 mV ± 0.4 and −13.8 mV ± 0.1 in the same order. The drug EE was 18% higher in NLC systems. TEM studies showed that the drug in the shell model was relevant for SLN, and that the melting point of the lipid in NLC was slightly lower. Concentrations below 50 μM were determined as suitable RSV concentrations for both SLN and NLC in cell culture studies. RSV-NLC showed less fluorescence, indicating less ROS production in cytofluorometric studies. Ex vivo skin studies revealed that NLC are more efficient in carrying RSV to the epidermis. Conclusion This study suggests that both of the lipid nanoparticles had antioxidant properties at a concentration of 50 μM. When the two systems were compared, NLC penetrated deeper into the skin. RSV-loaded NLC with smaller PS and higher drug loading appears to be superior to SLN for dermal applications.
Inhibition of CYP 1 A 2 and CYP 3 A 4 by Oltipraz Results in Reduction of Aflatoxin B 1 Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes in Primary Culture '

Dithiolethiones are thought to act as potent chemoprotective agents against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat by inducing glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). To determine whether these antioxidants can be similarly effective in human beings, we have investi gated metabolism of AFB1 in primary human hepatocytes with or without pretreatment by oltipraz (OPZ), a synthetic derivative of the natural 1,2-dithiole-3-thione. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), glutathione conjugates of AFB1 oxides (AFBSGs), and unchanged AFB1 were quantitated in cul tures derived from eight human liver donors. Parenchymal cells obtained from the three GST Mi-positive livers metabolized AFB1to AFM1and to AFBSGs derived from the isomeric exo-and endo-8,9-oxides, whereas no AFBSGs were formed in the GST Mi-null celis, Pretreatment of the cells with 3-methylcholanthrene or rifampicin, inducers of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4, respectively, caused a significant increase in AFB1 metabolism. Although OPZ induced GST A2, and to a lesser extent GST Al and GST Ml, it decreased formation ofAFM1 and AFBSG, which involves CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Inhibition by OPZ of AFB1 metabolism by reducing CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 was also demonstrated by decreased activity of their monooxygenase activities toward ethoxyresorufin and nifedipine, respectively. The significant inhibition by OPZ of human recombinant yeast CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 was also shown. These results demonstrate that AFBSG can be formed by GST Mi-positive human hepatocytes only, and suggest that chemoprotection with OPZ is due to an inhibition of activation of AFB1, in addition to a GST-dependent inactivation of the carcinogenic exo-epoxide.
Copper-transporting ATPase is important for malaria parasite fertility

Homeostasis of the trace element copper is essential to all eukaryotic life. Copper serves as a cofactor in metalloenzymes and catalyses electron transfer reactions as well as the generation of potentially toxic reactive oxygen species. Here, we describe the functional characterization of an evolutionarily highly conserved, predicted copper‐transporting P‐type ATPase (CuTP) in the murine malaria model parasite Plasmodium berghei. Live imaging of a parasite line expressing a fluorescently tagged CuTP demonstrated that CuTP is predominantly located in vesicular bodies of the parasite. A P. berghei loss‐of‐function mutant line was readily obtained and showed no apparent defect in in vivo blood stage growth. Parasite transmission through the mosquito vector was severely affected, but not entirely abolished. We show that male and female gametocytes are abundant in cutp− parasites, but activation of male microgametes and exflagellation were strongly impaired. This specific defect could be mimicked by addition of the copper chelator neocuproine to wild‐type gametocytes. A cross‐fertilization assay demonstrated that female fertility was also severely abrogated. In conclusion, we provide experimental genetic and pharmacological evidence that a healthy copper homeostasis is critical to malaria parasite fertility of both genders of gametocyte and, hence, to transmission to the mosquito vector.
Relationship between depression,childhood physical abuse,personality and coping style among undergraduates

Objective To investigate whether the influential factors of depression consist with each other between two groups,and to provide theoretical basis for the intervention of depression in undergraduates.Methods Participants were 733 undergraduates from a university in Henan Province.They were surveyed with Child Abuse History Questionnaire(CECA.Q),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ),Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale(CES-D). Results Thirty-four undergraduates were found suffered from childhood physical abuse,and the detection rate was 4.64%. There was no significant gender difference between the two groups(P0.05);Compared with the non-abused group,the physical abuse group had significant higher scores on depression as well as neuroticism,psychoticism,negative coping style(P0.05),but lower scores on positive coping scores(P0.05). No significant difference on the scores of introversion-extroversion were found between the two groups(P0.05). About 62.5% of the variance of depression could be explained by neuroticism,introversion-extroversion in the physical abuse group while 44.4% of that could be explained by neuroticism,introversion-extroversion and coping style in the non-abused group.Conclusion The depression factors are quite different in undergraduates subjected to childhood physical abuse compared with those non-abused.More attention should be paid on personality and coping strategies,while the latter more focus should be laid on remodeling a steady-going and outgoing personality.
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Our Schools: A Review and Research-Informed Guidelines for School Mental Health Professionals

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), the immediate and deliberate destruction of one’s own body tissue, without suicidal intent, and not for purposes that are socially accepted, is a critical concern for youth in schools. Despite significant scholarly advances and increasing clinical awareness of NSSI, many school mental health professionals (MHPs) continue to report feeling ill equipped to support students who self-injure, and emphasize a need for formal education about NSSI and its management in schools. Thus, the first part of this article summarizes current NSSI research on prevalence, age of onset, gender differences, functions, risk factors, and associations with suicide. Emerging from this review, the second part offers research-informed recommendations for MHPs managing NSSI in schools, including guidelines for (a) identifying students at elevated risk of self-injury, (b) developing a protocol for school personnel’s initial response to student self-injury, (c) first-level assessment of NSSI, and (d) managing critical issues related to NSSI contagion and online activity.
An Instance Theory of Distributional Semantics

Abstraction to a single prototypical representation is a core principle of Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) that learn semantic representations for words by applying dimension reduction to statistical redundancies in language. While the learning mechanisms for semantic abstraction vary widely across the many DSMs in the literature, they are essentially all prototype models in that they create a single abstract representation for a word’s meaning. The prototype method stands in stark contrast to work in the field of categorization that has converged on the importance of instance models. In comparison to the prototype method, instance-based models assume only an episodic store and, rather than applying abstraction mechanisms at learning, argue that meaning emerges in the act of retrieval. We cash this idea out by presenting and evaluating an instance theory of distributional semantics, and by demonstrating that it can explain diverging patterns of homonymous words that classic “abstraction-at-learning” models simply cannot as a consequence of their architectural assumptions.ion to a single prototypical representation is a core principle of Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) that learn semantic representations for words by applying dimension reduction to statistical redundancies in language. While the learning mechanisms for semantic abstraction vary widely across the many DSMs in the literature, they are essentially all prototype models in that they create a single abstract representation for a word’s meaning. The prototype method stands in stark contrast to work in the field of categorization that has converged on the importance of instance models. In comparison to the prototype method, instance-based models assume only an episodic store and, rather than applying abstraction mechanisms at learning, argue that meaning emerges in the act of retrieval. We cash this idea out by presenting and evaluating an instance theory of distributional semantics, and by demonstrating that it can explain diverging patterns of homonymous words that classic “abstraction-at-learning” models simply cannot as a consequence of their architectural assumptions.
H i line measurements of pulsars towards the Galactic Centre and the electron density in the inner Galaxy

We have measured 21-cm absorption and emission spectra in the direction of a further seven southern pulsars with the Parkes telescope to derive their kinematic distances and to study the interstellar medium. For the first time we have successfully obtained H i absorption measurements for PSRs J1602–5100,J1740–3015 and J1745–3040. We have also significantly improved the sensitivity and resolution on PSRs J1600–5044,J1752–2806 and J1825–0935, the spectra of which have previously been measured, and have corrected an error in the published distance to PSR J1824–1945. Since the Frail & Weisberg summary of pulsar distances in 1990, a further 23 pulsars now have measured H i distances, mainly through the efforts of the current group. We discuss the Taylor & Cordes electron density model in light of these new measurements and find that, although the model towards the Galactic Centre appears good, the line of sight through the Carina spiral arm is poorly fitted by the model.
Epochal Evolution Shapes the Phylodynamics of Interpandemic Influenza A (H3N2) in Humans

Human influenza A (subtype H3N2) is characterized genetically by the limited standing diversity of its hemagglutinin and antigenically by clusters that emerge and replace each other within 2 to 8 years. By introducing an epidemiological model that allows for differences between the genetic and antigenic properties of the virus's hemagglutinin, we show that these patterns can arise from cluster-specific immunity alone. Central to the formulation is a genotype-to-phenotype mapping, based on neutral networks, with antigenic phenotypes, not genotypes, determining the degree of strain cross-immunity. The model parsimoniously explains well-known, as well as previously unremarked, features of interpandemic influenza dynamics and evolution. It captures the observed boom-and-bust pattern of viral evolution, with periods of antigenic stasis during which genetic diversity grows, and with episodic contraction of this diversity during cluster transitions.