Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individualism and Collectivism in a Korean Population

Though much research has been conducted concerning the horizontal and vertical attributes of individualism and, not much has been done comparing and contrasting an Eastern culture, collectivism to a specific aspect of American culture, individualism, such as Korean American. The 32item INDCOL scale was used to measure the 4 attributes (Singelis et al., 1995). Contrary to the proposed hypothesis, this study found high scores in horizontal individualism in Korean American participants and high scores in horizontal individualism and horizontal collectivism in Korean participants. These results could indicate a shift towards a different attribute in the Korean and Korean American community. Individualism and Collectivism 6 Individualism and Collectivism in a Korean Population There have been a number of attempts to more effectively understand the rather subjective nature of culture. Many different dimensions of culture have been explored, and one aspect that is often examined is the subject of individualism and collectivism. Individualism promotes autonomy whereas collectivism promotes interdependence. Collectivistic cultures prioritize the goal of the group. Using a cross-cultural approach, individualism and collectivism have been explored and compared primarily among Western and East Asian populations (Noguchi, 2007). Many studies have been conducted in order to consider the complexities of these cultures. Surveying Western culture, primarily the U.S., shows that there is great diversity amongst American communities. Unless specified as Euro-American or WhiteIndividualism and Collectivism 7 American culture, there is no easy way to define American culture because it is a mix of cultures from all around the world. This study will be focusing on the culture of the Asian American population, primarily Korean American, in the U.S. Korean Americans is one of the youngest immigrant populations and their culture, unlike Chinese Americans, has not been explored in depth.
Putting ‘input’ in its proper place

Every theory of second language acquisition (SLA) hypothesizes that learners come to know the properties of a language by being exposed to instances of it in meaningful conversation. Within SLA, the standard analysis of the ‘input question’ appears to be that input equals objective properties of the stimulus array less the effects of selective attention (the intake). In this paper, I offer a critique of the standard analysis. I claim that it is not interpretable in the absence of a theory of mental representation, theories of speech perception and language parsing, and a theory of language learning. I show that it cannot account for aspects of signal detection, phonetic or phonological learning. The standard treatment is essentially pretheoretical. I define an alternative position which distinguishes input to speech processing and input to language-learning mechanisms, drawing on the Autonomous Induction Theory – a novel theory of learning which is compatible with a modular view of processing and a view of linguistic cognition based on Universal Grammar (UG).
Segmental Assembly of Fibronectin Matrix Requires rap1b and integrin α5

Background: During segmentation of the zebrafish embryo, inside‐out signaling activates Integrin α5, which is necessary for somite border morphogenesis. The direct activator of Integrin α5 during this process is unknown. One candidate is Rap1b, a small monomeric GTPase implicated in Integrin activation in the immune system. Results: Knockdown of rap1b, or overexpression of a dominant negative rap1b, causes a mild axis elongation defect in zebrafish. However, disruption of rap1b function in integrin α5−/− mutants results in a strong reduction in Fibronectin (FN) matrix assembly in the paraxial mesoderm and a failure in somite border morphogenesis along the entire anterior‐posterior axis. Somite patterning appears unaffected, as her1 oscillations are maintained in single and double morphants/mutants, but somite polarity is gradually lost in itgα5−/−; rap1b MO embryos. Conclusions: In itgα5−/− mutants, rap1b is required for proper somite border morphogenesis in zebrafish. The loss of somite borders is not a result of aberrant segmental patterning. Rather, somite boundary formation initiates but is not completed, due to the failure to assemble FN matrix along the nascent boundary. We propose a model in which Rap1b activates Integrin/Fibronectin receptors as part of an “inside‐out” signaling pathway that promotes Integrin binding to FN, FN matrix assembly, and subsequent stabilization of morphological somite boundaries. Developmental Dynamics 242:122–131, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
South African Mixed-Race Children's and Mothers' Judgments and Reasoning about Children's Nurturance and Self-Determination Rights.

This study examined the understanding of children's rights in 63 (9-, 11-, and 13-year-olds) mixed-race South African children and their mothers. In individual semi-structured interviews participants responded to hypothetical vignettes in which children's nurturance and self-determination rights conflicted with parental authority in the home. Participants were required to decide whether they should support the story characters' rights and provide justifications for their responses. Findings indicated that both children and mothers were more likely to endorse children's nurturance than self-determination rights. In contrast to previous research, no significant differences were found between children and mothers in terms of support for either type of right. In terms of reasoning, both children's and mothers' responses revealed distinct patterns of thinking influenced by the type of right under consideration. The findings are discussed with reference to the available western and non-western literature on children's understanding of rights. Limitations, implications, and directions for future research are considered.
Retinal correspondence of monocular receptive fields in disparity-sensitive complex cells from area V1 in the awake monkey.

PURPOSE To explore the neural mechanisms underlying disparity sensitivity in complex cells of the macaque visual cortex, the relationship between interocular receptive field (RF) positional shift and disparity sensitivity was studied in area V1. METHODS Single-unit recordings were made from area V1 of awake Macaca mulatta. Monocular RFs were mapped by means of a reverse cross-correlation technique, and their centers were determined after performing a bidimensional Gaussian function fitting. Interocular RF shifts were calculated for both bright and dark stimuli. Similarly, Gabor adjustments were obtained from disparity profiles to bright and dark dynamic random-dot stereograms (RDSs). RESULTS Twenty-five complex cells were studied. The response profiles to disparity were similar for bright and dark RDSs. Interocular RF positional shift correlated significantly with both the peaks of Gabor fittings of disparity-sensitivity profiles and the peaks of the Gaussian envelopes of these Gabor fittings. Correlation between interocular RF positional shift and the peaks of the Gaussian envelopes was stronger than correlation between interocular RF positional shift and peaks of Gabor fittings. CONCLUSIONS Interocular shift of monocular RFs is more related to the center of the range of disparities to which the cell is sensitive, than to the preferred disparity of the cell.
Optimization of subsampling dual band receivers design in nonlinear systems

This paper presents an optimization of the noise performance for a dual band receiver based on subsampling in a nonlinear scenario. The focus is on designing a multiband receiver for software defined radio. Thus, another goal of the presented architecture is its flexibility, focusing on the jitter and folded noise optimization of the subsampling receiver and covering as many wireless standards as possible. To approach these objectives, different architectures based on subsampling technique are investigated and analyzed.
Stimulation of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase by AP-endonuclease: potential coordination of the initial steps in base excision repair.

8-Oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), with intrinsic AP lyase activity, is the major enzyme for repairing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a critical mutagenic DNA lesion induced by reactive oxygen species. Human OGG1 excised the damaged base from an 8-oxoG. C-containing duplex oligo with a very low apparent k(cat) of 0.1 min(-1) at 37 degrees C and cleaved abasic (AP) sites at half the rate, thus leaving abasic sites as the major product. Excision of 8-oxoG by OGG1 alone did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. However, in the presence of a comparable amount of human AP endonuclease (APE1) the specific activity of OGG1 was increased approximately 5-fold and Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed. Inactive APE1, at a higher molar ratio, and a bacterial APE (Nfo) similarly enhanced OGG1 activity. The affinity of OGG1 for its product AP.C pair (K:(d) approximately 2.8 nM) was substantially higher than for its substrate 8-oxoG.C pair (K:(d) approximately 23. 4 nM) and the affinity for its final ss-elimination product was much lower (K:(d) approximately 233 nM). These data, as well as single burst kinetics studies, indicate that the enzyme remains tightly bound to its AP product following base excision and that APE1 prevents its reassociation with its product, thus enhancing OGG1 turnover. These results suggest coordinated functions of OGG1 and APE1, and possibly other enzymes, in the DNA base excision repair pathway.
The Racist Murder of Stephen Lawrence: Media Performance and Public Transformation

Examines how the media progressively turned the racist murder of an 18-year-old black student into a major mediatized public crisis and prompted British society to re-examine questions of (in)justice, cultural identity, and racism. There have been many racially motivated murders in Britain in recent years that have received little media attention or public expressions of concern. The 1993 murder of 18-year-old Stephen Lawrence, a black student, proved to be very different. Through time and growing media interest, the name of Stephen Lawrence became a potent symbol and catalyst for change. This particular killing prompted widespread re-examination of questions of (in)justice, cultural identity, and continuing racism in British society, and it eventually initiated processes of institutional reflexivity, including government policies targeting institutional racism within Britain's most powerful organizations of state and civil society. This book examines the media's role in performing the Stephen Lawrence case over the ten-year period since Lawrence's murder. Developing the framework of mediatized public crisis, this book carefully examines how and why the British and international media turned the Stephen Lawrence case into a watershed moment with potentially transformative effects. To understand this, we need to attend to the expressive possibilities of symbols and journalism forms, the dynamics and contingencies that inhere within both politics and narrative, as well as the strategic interventions of involved interests and identities. This important book provides new insights into how and why the media report and, occasionally, perform issues of race in ways that can unleash moral forces for social change. Includes many newspaper images from the British press; a list of racially motivated murders from 1970 to 2003; a detailed chronology of the Stephen Lawrence case; and the Macpherson recommendations and social reforms.
Pseudo-randomness and partial information in symbolic security analysis

We prove computational soundness results for cryptographic expressions with pseudo-random keys, as used, for example, in the design and analysis of secure multicast key distribution protocols. In particular, we establish a symbolic notion of independence (for pseudo-random keys) that exactly matches the standard computational security definition (namely, indistinguishability from the uniform distribution) for pseudo-random generators. As a conceptual contribution, we initiate the study of partial information in the context of computationally sound symbolic security analysis. Specifically, we show that (within our admittedly simple, but hopefully evocative setting) partial information can be taken into account in the symbolic model, in a computationally sound way, by simply annotating each key with a label which specifies that the key is either known, unknown, or partially known, without further details about the amount and type of partial information.
A Complex Elder Care Simulation Using Improvisational Actors

Complex simulations can facilitate students' synthesis of knowledge. Simulations of cognitively impaired elders provide nursing students the opportunity to use critical thinking and clinical decision-making skills in complex patient care situations. The authors report their experiences in designing, implementing, and evaluating a simulation on cognitive problems in elders using actors. This simulation required third-year baccalaureate nursing students to differentiate delirium from dementia, identify symptoms of heart failure, and address a family member's concerns.
What is grievance thinking and how can we measure this in sexual offenders

Purpose. This study proposes and examines a three-stage model of the grievance process, one of the dynamic risk factors related to risk of sexual recidivism, and aims to evaluate some of the existing measures of this construct.Methods. The research used a sample of 322 male sexual offenders who had completed a cognitive-behavioural programme that aims to reduce recidivism in higher-risk sexual offenders (as measured using a static actuarial tool). Participants completed two questionnaires measuring aspects of grievance thinking pre- and post-treatment.Results. The results indicated some support for stages 1 and 2 of the proposed model. Contrary to the study hypotheses, results indicated that both measures used have similar psychometric properties. Pre- to post-change analyses suggest that the custodial treatment programme may be having some effect on grievance thinking. However, generally offenders' scores on both measures were low pre- and post-treatment and as a result, according to individual change analyses, the majority did not demonstrate reliable or clinically significant change. Those who were classed as high scorers on either measure did, however, demonstrate such change.Conclusions. Further exploration of a three-stage model of grievance is warranted. It appears that current measures of grievance in sexual offenders are not adequate to capture this concept fully. Language: en
Case Study Research: Design and Methods

Foreword, by Donald T. Campbell Preface 1. INTRODUCTION: How to Know Whether and When to Use Case Studies as a Research Method The Case Study as a Research Method Comparing Case Studies With Other Research Methods in the Social Sciences Different Kinds of Case Studies, But a Common Definition Summary 2. DESIGNING CASE STUDIES: Identifying Your Case(s) and Establishing the Logic of Your Case Study General Approach to Designing Case Studies Criteria for Judging the Quality of Research Designs Case Study Designs Modest Advice in Selecting Case Study Designs 3. PREPARING TO COLLECT CASE STUDY EVIDENCE: What You Need to Do Before Starting to Collect Case Study Data The Case Study Investigator: Desired Skills Preparation and Training for a Specific Case Study The Case Study Protocol Screening the Candidate "Cases" for Your Case Study The Pilot Case Study Summary 4. COLLECTING CASE STUDY EVIDENCE: The Principles You Should Follow in Working With Six Sources of Evidence Six Sources of Evidence Three Principles of Data Collection Summary 5. ANALYZING CASE STUDY EVIDENCE: How to Start Your Analysis, Your Analytic Choices, and How They Work An Analytic Strategy: More Than Familiarity With Analytic Tools Five Analytic Techniques Pressing for a High-Quality Analysis Summary 6. REPORTING CASE STUDIES: How and What to Compose Targeting Case Study Reports Case Study Reprots as Part of Larger, Mixed Methods Studies Illustrative Structures for Case Study Compositions Procedures in Doing a Case Study Report What Makes an Examplary Case Study? References Author Index Subject Index About the Author
Clinical Utility of Creatinine- and Cystatin C–Based Definition of Renal Function for Risk Prediction of Primary Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Diabetes

OBJECTIVE To assess the cardiovascular risk of diabetic subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) based on different estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations and to evaluate which definition of CKD best improves cardiovascular risk prediction of the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score (Framingham-CV-RS). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS CKD was defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, estimated by the creatinine-based Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations and a cystatin C–based equation (CKD-CysC). Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of subjects with CKD for incident cardiovascular events in a cohort of 1,153 individuals with diabetes (baseline age 50–74 years). Furthermore, the CKD definitions were added individually to a reference model comprising the Framingham-CV-RS variables and HbA1c, and measures of model discrimination and reclassification were assessed. RESULTS During 5 years of follow-up, 95 individuals had a primary cardiovascular event. Crude HRs were increased for all CKD definitions. However, after adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors, HRs for both creatinine-based CKD definitions were attenuated to point estimates of 1.03, whereas the HRs for the cystatin C–based CKD definition remained significantly increased (HR 1.75 [95% CI 1.07–2.87]). Extension of the reference model by the different CKD definitions resulted in an increase in the c statistic only when adding CKD-CysC (from 0.638 to 0.644) along with a net reclassification improvement of 8.9%. CONCLUSIONS Only the cystatin C–based CKD definition was an independent risk predictor for cardiovascular events in our diabetic study cohort and indicated a potentially better clinical utility for cardiovascular risk prediction than creatinine-based equations.
Multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and associated precursor diseases

Multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia share common biological and clinical features including the presence of defined precursor conditions (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis respectively). Here, we discuss evidence from the literature on the potential aetiological roles for genetic and chronic immune stimulatory factors on the pathway from precursor to malignancy. Also, we speculate on the relationship between precursor and malignancy and talk about future directions and gaps in the literature.
Design and Development of Interface Design Principles for Complex Documentation Using PDAs

The screen interface has been believed to be the major barrier for the adoption of PDAs in healthcare. The study objectives were to design a set ofscreen interface design principles for complex documentation using PDAs and to examine nurses' perception of the ease of use and usefulness of theapplication. A 21-page Chinese version of theinterRAI MDS-HC home-care assessment toolcomposed of more than 250 assessment questions was used for the application. A WiFi Palm-based PDA was used. A convenience sample of 60 subjects, primarily nurses newly trained touse the MDS-HC assessment tool, were invited to evaluate the PDA system in terms of Davis' Technology Acceptance Model. The final information structure of the PDA application consisted of 18 categories composed of 262 questions over 63screens. Subjects could move to any assessment question in less than two taps without amemory burden and finish the question in one tap. Respectively, close to 95% and 93% of the subjects agreed that, overall, the system was easy to use and useful for their work. We conclude the screen interface challenge for complex documentation using PDAs can be improved and managed to achieve to a very high usability.
Grounded Theory Methodology

The overarching research goal for which grounded theory methodology (GTM) is used is to understand the basic social processes that underlie a phenomenon in socially or experientially relevant domains of human life. It is also a popular methodology adopted by qualitative researchers in social science disciplines and medical and health sciences. In psychology too, its popularity and use are gaining momentum as literature documenting detailed procedures about conducting grounded theory research is readily available. Keywords: ethnography; methodology; research
Multi-Valued Model Checking via Groebner Basis Approach

The management of uncertainty and imprecision is becoming essential for modeling many real problems. Multivalued model checking, a generalization of classical model checking, is useful for analyzing models that contain uncertainty or inconsistency. This paper shows that Groebner bases can provide canonical symbolic representations for multi-valued logics, and therefore, can be applied to symbolic multi-valued model checking. We propose a general polynomial form of multi-valued logics, and then present a modified model checking algorithm based on the algebraic representations of mv-Kripke structures as well as mv-CTL formulas. This algebraic approach to multi-valued model checking could serve as a useful supplement to the existent method based on Multi-valued Decision Diagrams, and may give new guidance for verifying properties of systems containing uncertain or inconsistent information.
Business Process-Aware Maintenance Task: A Preliminary Empirical Study

In this paper, the authors investigate the usefulness of the knowledge regarding business processes for clarifying change requirements concerning the software systems supporting them. With this in mind, the correctness and completeness of the change requirement impact have been evaluated with and without the business process knowledge. Results of this preliminary empirical study are encouraging and indicate that business information effectively provides a significant help to software maintainers.
Planning body gesture of android for multi-person human-robot interaction

Natural body gesture, as well as speech dialog, is crucial for human-robot interaction and human-robot symbiosis. We have already proposed a real-time gesture planning method. In this paper, we afford this method more flexibility by adding motion parameterization function. Especially in multi-person HRI, this function becomes more important because of its adaptation to changes of a speaker's and/or object's locations. We implement our method for multi-person HRI system on the android Actroid-SIT, and conduct two experiments for estimating the precision of gestures and the human impressions about the Actroid. Through these experiments, we confirmed our method gives humans a more sophisticated impressions.