Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Defaultification refactoring: A tool for automatically converting Java methods to default

Enabling interfaces to declare (instance) method implementations, Java 8 default methods can be used as a substitute for the ubiquitous skeletal implementation software design pattern. Performing this transformation on legacy software manually, though, may be non-trivial. The refactoring requires analyzing complex type hierarchies, resolving multiple implementation inheritance issues, reconciling differences between class and interface methods, and analyzing tie-breakers (dispatch precedence) with overriding class methods. All of this is necessary to preserve type-correctness and confirm semantics preservation. We demonstrate an automated refactoring tool called MIGRATE Skeletal Implementation to Interface for transforming legacy Java code to use the new default construct. The tool, implemented as an Eclipse plug-in, is driven by an efficient, fully-automated, type constraint-based refactoring approach. It features an extensive rule set covering various corner-cases where default methods cannot be used. The resulting code is semantically equivalent to the original, more succinct, easier to comprehend, less complex, and exhibits increased modularity. A demonstration can be found at http://youtu.be/YZHIy0yePh8.
An IPSO Algorithm for Grid Task Scheduling Based on Satisfaction Rate

This paper proposes an Immune Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO) algorithm and a model of grid task scheduling based on satisfaction rate that address multi-objective optimization problems of task scheduling in dynamic and heterogeneous grid environments. The IPSO algorithm is implemented in simulation environment of grid task scheduling according to the objective function based on satisfaction rate. The simulation results demonstrate that such a method which employs the IPSO algorithm has better performance than the existing methods that use particle swarm optimization (PSO) in global optimization capacity, searching speed and avoiding prematurity.
Oral health in young adults with long-term, controlled asthma

Abstract Objective. To study oral health in young adults with long-term, controlled asthma. Material and methods. Twenty 18- to 24-year-olds with a mean duration of asthma of 13.5 [standard deviation (SD) 5.4] years and 20 matched healthy controls were included. A clinical examination was performed and the prevalences of caries, erosions, gingival inflammation, cervicular fluid and periodontal pockets and the plaque formation rate were registered. The salivary flow rate and the numbers of mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli in saliva were determined. Plaque pH was measured after a sucrose rinse for up to 40 min at two approximal sites. The participants were interviewed regarding dietary and oral hygiene habits. Results. The mean (SD) DFS, including manifest and initial caries, was 8.6 (10.6) in the asthma group and 4.0 (5.2) in the control group (P = 0.09). Initial caries lesions were more common in the asthma group than in the control group: 6.0 (8.1) and 1.3 (2.0), respectively (P = 0.02). The asthma group had more gingivitis (P = 0.01) and a lower stimulated salivary secretion rate than the controls (P = 0.01). The asthmatics also had a somewhat, although not statistically significant, lower initial pH value in plaque and a more pronounced pH drop compared with the controls. In the asthma group, 65% reported frequent mouthbreathing, compared with 10% of the controls (P = 0.01). No differences were found in tooth-brushing or dietary habits between the groups. Conclusion. Young adults with long-term, controlled asthma had more initial caries, more gingival inflammation and a lower stimulated salivary secretion rate than individuals without asthma.
Inhibition of Sindbis virus maturation after treatment of infected cells with trypsin

Brief treatment of Sindbis virus-infected BHK-21 or Vero cells with low concentrations of trypsin irreversibly blocked further production of progeny virions after removal of the enzyme. The inhibitory effects of the trypsin treatment could only be demonstrated in cells in which virus infection was established; optimal inhibition occurred at ca. 3 h postinfection. Production of virus structural proteins PE2, E1, and C occurred at normal levels in inhibited cells. PE2 and E1 were also transported to the cell plasma membrane during inhibition; however, PE2 was not cleaved to E2, and little capsid protein became membrane associated relative to control cells. Although trypsin treatment had no effect on Sindbis protein synthesis, the production of both 26S and 42S RNA was greatly reduced. Similar trypsin treatment of BHK cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus had no detectable effect on the course of virus infection.
Phosphorylation of Rabies Virus Nucleoprotein Regulates Viral RNA Transcription and Replication by Modulating Leader RNA Encapsidation

ABSTRACT One of the major structural differences between rabies virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is that the nucleoprotein (N) is the major phosphoprotein and the nominal phosphoprotein (P) is less phosphorylated in rabies virus, whereas P is the major phosphoprotein and N is not phosphorylated in VSV. We investigated the function of phosphorylation of rabies virus N after dephosphorylation of N with alkaline phosphatase or after changing the phosphorylated serine at position 389 to alanine by site-directed mutagenesis. The unphosphorylated N, in comparison to the phosphorylated N, was studied for its abilities to encapsidate rabies virus leader RNA and to support transcription and replication of a rabies virus minigenome. We found that unphosphorylated N binds more strongly to leader RNA than the phosphorylated N; however, the rates of transcription and replication of the rabies virus minigenome were significantly lower with the unphosphorylated N than with the phosphorylated N. This indicates that the phosphorylation of rabies virus N plays an important role in the regulation of rabies virus transcription and replication, probably via modulation of leader RNA encapsidation.
Analysis of Themes and Statistical Techniques: A Review of the past Decade of the South African Journal of Psychology

This review of articles published in the South African Journal of Psychology over the past 10 years includes analyses of themes, theoretical versus review contributions, and statistical techniques used in research articles. It was found that a fair range of themes was covered, with topics relating to clinical/counselling psychology, developmental psychology and personality psychology receiving most attention. Comparatively few articles dealt with theory development. In research contributions the use of basic statistical techniques was clearly favoured above more sophisticated methods of data analysis. No significant changes in the use of statistical techniques occurred over the past 10 years. The results were compared with similar analyses of American journals and general implications of the findings are discussed.
Online Portfolio Selection with Group Sparsity

In portfolio selection, it often might be preferable to focus on a few top performing industries/sectors to beat the market. These top performing sectors however might change over time. In this paper, we propose an online portfolio selection algorithm that can take advantage of sector information through the use of a group sparsity inducing regularizer while making lazy updates to the portfolio. The lazy updates prevent changing ones portfolio too often which otherwise might incur huge transaction costs. The proposed formulation leads to a non-smooth constrained optimization problem at every step, with the constraint that the solution has to lie in a probability simplex. We propose an efficient primal-dual based alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm and demonstrate its effectiveness for the problem of online portfolio selection with sector information. We show that our algorithm OLU-GS has sub-linear regret w.r. t. the best fixed and best shifting solution in hindsight. We successfully establish the robustness and scalability of OLU-GS by performing extensive experiments on two real-world datasets.
Identifying non-linear fractional chirps using unsupervised Hilbert approach

Non-linear time-frequency structures, naturally present in large number of applications, are difficult to apprehend by means of Cohen's class methods. In order to improve readability, it is possible to generate other class of time-frequency representations using time and/or frequency warping operators. Nevertheless, this requires the knowledge of a non-linear warping function which characterizes the time-frequency content. For this purpose, an unsupervised approach to estimate the warping function is proposed here in the case where time-frequency structures can be represented by chirps with a fractional order. To this end, a Hilbert transform-based technique is applied in order to robustify phases jumps detection. Since those phases jumps define the fractional order in a unique way, the chirp order can be estimated by a bisection method. Results obtained from synthetic data illustrate the attractive outlines of the proposed method.
A 3D hand tracking design for gesture control in complex environments

This paper proposes a low-complexity design for 3D hand tracking, which can provide depth information and is able to work under critical backgrounds. This paper also proposes an effective way to segment hands out of entire image and also facilitates depth estimation of tracked hands in real-time by dualcamera systems. Multithreading and several techniques are applied to reduce computational complexity in proposed design. The final algorithm has been implemented both on PCs (with Intel Core i7 processor) and an embedded system (with ARM Cortex A9 processor). On PCs, it reaches 24 frames per second at VGA video. On the other hand, after reducing image size (i.e. QVGA video), it achieves the performance about 8 frames per second on PandaBoard embedded system.
Are Female Hurricanes Deadlier than Male Hurricanes?

Do people judge hurricane risks in the context of gender-based expectations? We use more than six decades of death rates from US hurricanes to show that feminine-named hurricanes cause significantly more deaths than do masculine-named hurricanes. Laboratory experiments indicate that this is because hurricane names lead to gender-based expectations about severity and this, in turn, guides respondents’ preparedness to take protective action. This finding indicates an unfortunate and unintended consequence of the gendered naming of hurricanes, with important implications for policymakers, media practitioners, and the general public concerning hurricane communication and preparedness.
UML-based service robot software development: a case study

The research field of Intelligent Service Robots, which has become more and more popular over the last years, covers a wide range of applications from climbing machines for cleaning large storefronts to robotic assistance for disabled or elderly people. When developing service robot software, it is a challenging problem to design the robot architecture by carefully considering user needs and requirements, implement robot application components based on the architecture, and integrate these components in a systematic and comprehensive way for maintainability and reusability. Furthermore, it becomes more difficult to communicate among development teams and with others when many engineers from different teams participate in developing the service robot. To solve these problems, we applied the COMET design method, which uses the industry-standard UML notation, to developing the software of an intelligent service robot for the elderly, called T-Rot, under development at Center for Intelligent Robotics (CIR). In this paper, we discuss our experiences with the project in which we successfully addressed these problems and developed the autonomous navigation system of the robot with the COMET/UML method.
Restart trail for stackless BVH traversal

A ray cast algorithm utilizing a hierarchical acceleration structure needs to perform a tree traversal in the hierarchy. In its basic form, executing the traversal requires a stack that holds the nodes that are still to be processed. In some cases, such a stack can be prohibitively expensive to maintain or access, due to storage or memory bandwidth limitations. The stack can, however, be eliminated or replaced with a fixed-size buffer using so-called stackless or short stack algorithms. These require that the traversal can be restarted from root so that the already processed part of the tree is not entered again. For kd-tree ray casts, this is accomplished easily by ray shortening, but the approach does not extend to other kinds of hierarchies such as BVHs. In this paper, we introduce restart trail, a simple algorithmic method that makes restarts possible regardless of the type of hierarchy by storing one bit of data per level. This enables stackless and short stack traversal for BVH ray casts, where using a full stack or constraining the traversal order have so far been the only options.
Prospect, Perspective and the Evolution of the Landscape Idea

The landscape concept in geography has recently been adopted by humanistic writers because of its holistic and subjective implications. But the history of the landscape idea suggests that its origins lie in the renaissance humanists' search for certainty rather than a vehicle of individual subjectivity. Landscape was a 'way of seeing' that was bourgeois, individualist and related to the exercise of power over space. The basic theory and technique of the landscape way of seeing was linear perspective, as important for the history of the graphic image as printing was for that of the written word. Alberti's perspective was the foundation of realism in art until the nineteenth century, and is closely related by him to social class and spatial hierarchy. It employs the same geometry as merchant trading and accounting, navigation, land survey, mapping and artillery. Perspective is first applied in the city and then to a country subjugated to urban control and viewed as landscape. The evolution of landscape painting parallels that of geometry just as it does the changing social relations on the land in Tudor, Stuart and Georgian England. The visual power given by the landscape way of seeing complements the real power humans exert over land as property. Landscape as a geographical concept cannot be free of the ideological overlays of its history as a visual concept unless it subjects landscape to historical interrogation. Only as an unexamined concept in a geography which neglects its own visual foundations can landscape be appropriated for an antiscientific humanistic geography.
Tabletop AgilePlanner: A tabletop-based project planning tool for agile software development teams

This paper introduces the Tabletop AgilePlanner, an advanced prototype that applies tabletop technology to support collocated and distributed agile planning meetings. By introducing the novel tabletop-based project planning tool, this paper contributes to the agile and tabletop research in threefold: First, it provides real world experience of using a digital tabletop to solve practical problems, not just a demonstration of tabletop capabilities. Second, it shows a multipart usability evaluation that exposes the benefits and limitations of using digital tabletop to develop project planning applications. Third, it expresses some trade-offs that impact the design of the Tabletop AgilePlanner. Since the design experience and trade-offs come from a real practice, this paper provides insights into the construction of real world tabletop applications.
The contribution of negative reproductive experiences and chronic medical conditions to depression and pain among Israeli women

This study of 302 Israeli women sought to investigate the associations among stressful reproductive experiences (e.g. fertility problems, abortions, and traumatic births), chronic medical conditions, pain, and depression. The specific aims of the study were to examine (1) the effect of stressful reproductive experiences, chronic medical conditions, and pain on depressive symptoms and (2) the effect of stressful reproductive experiences, chronic medical conditions, and depressive symptoms on pain. Our findings corroborate with previous studies demonstrating that depression and pain are two interrelated, but different phenomena, which have both common and distinct risk factors. The findings are discussed in the light of stress and adaptation theories that point to the long-term effects of stressful life events on emotional and physiological aspects such as depression and pain.
Monte Carlo study of the droplet formation-dissolution transition on different two-dimensional lattices.

In 2003 Biskup [Commun. Math. Phys. 242, 137 (2003)] gave a rigorous proof for the behavior of equilibrium droplets in the two-dimensional (2D) spin-1/2 Ising model (or, equivalently, a lattice gas of particles) on a finite square lattice of volume V with a given excess delta M identical with M-M 0 of magnetization compared to the spontaneous magnetization M 0=m0V . By identifying a dimensionless parameter Delta(delta M) and a universal constant Delta c , they showed in the limit of large system sizes that for DeltaDelta c a droplet of the minority phase occurs ("condensed" system). By minimizing the free energy of the system, they derived an explicit formula for the fraction lambda(Delta) of excess magnetization forming the droplet. To check the applicability of the asymptotic analytical results to much smaller, practically accessible, system sizes, we performed several Monte Carlo simulations of the 2D Ising model with nearest-neighbor couplings on a square lattice at fixed magnetization M . Thereby, we measured the largest minority droplet, corresponding to the condensed phase in the lattice-gas interpretation, at various system sizes (L=40,80,.,640) . With analytical values for the spontaneous magnetization density m 0 , the susceptibility chi , and the Wulff interfacial free energy density tau W for the infinite system, we were able to determine lambda numerically in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, we did simulations for the spin-1/2 Ising model on a triangular lattice and with next-nearest-neighbor couplings on a square lattice. Again finding a very good agreement with the analytic formula, we demonstrate the universal aspects of the theory with respect to the underlying lattice and type of interaction. For the case of the next-nearest-neighbor model, where tau W is unknown analytically, we present different methods to obtain it numerically by fitting to the distribution of the magnetization density P(m) .
Computing Price-Cost Margins in a Durable Goods Environment

This paper develops and executes a new method for calculating price-cost margins in a durable goods environment. We study digital camcorders, a new good during the time period of the data set. We analyze how margins differ across products, firms and time. We are particularly interested in the extent to which falling marginal costs explain falling prices, as opposed to alternative explanations such as intertemporal price discrimination or increased competition. Although price-cost margins are an important element of many studies in industrial organization, margins are challenging to compute because it is unusual to observe an accurate measure of marginal cost. Rather, researchers typically estimate marginal cost in the context of a structural model of competition. A popular empirical method associated with Bresnahan (1981) and Berry, Levinsohn & Pakes (1995) (henceforth, BLP) proceeds by estimating demand, assuming an equilibrium concept to describe interactions between firms, and then calculating marginal revenue at each product. We can interpret the result as marginal cost, as optimizing behavior implies that marginal revenue equals marginal cost. However, taking this approach in a dynamic environment brings up substantial new challenges. In particular, the relevant marginal revenue to consider is a dynamic one, the change in the present discounted value of the infinite stream of future revenue. For a durable good such as digital camcorders, a price change today affects future revenue in two ways. First, the price change affects consumer purchases today and thus affects consumer holdings
Anytime Bi-Objective Optimization with a Hybrid Multi-Objective CMA-ES (HMO-CMA-ES)

We propose a multi-objective optimization algorithm aimed at achieving good anytime performance over a wide range of problems. Performance is assessed in terms of the hypervolume metric. The algorithm called HMO-CMA-ES represents a hybrid of several old and new variants of CMA-ES, complemented by BOBYQA as a warm start. We benchmark HMO-CMA-ES on the recently introduced bi-objective problem suite of the COCO framework (COmparing Continuous Optimizers), consisting of 55 scalable continuous optimization problems, which is used by the Black-Box Optimization Benchmarking (BBOB) Workshop 2016.
Cognitive dietary restraint and factors related to bone mineral density and body weight in postmenopausal women

ii T A B L E OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF T A B L E S . x LIST OF FIGURES : xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiii PREFACE : xv A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S xvi CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT . xviii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Rationale 3 1.3 Literature review 4 1.3.1 Cognitive dietary restraint 6 1.3.1.1 Definition 6 1.3.1.2 Operationalization of dietary restraint 7 1.3.1.3 How is dietary restraint related to dieting? 9 1.3.1.4 Early research on dietary restraint 10 1.3.1.5 Dietary restraint and eating behaviour 11 1.3-1.6 Dietary restraint and physiology 12 1.3.1.7 Dietary restraint in postmenopausal women 13 1.3.2 Stress and Cortisol 16 1.3.2.1 Definition 16 1.3.2.2 Operationalization of stress 19 1.3.2.3 Health effects of exposure to elevated Cortisol levels 19 1.3.3 Associations between dietary restraint and Cortisol 20 1.3.4 Associations between Cortisol and bone 28 1.3. 5 Associations between dietary restraint and bone 29 1.4 Limits to current knowledge : 30 1.5 Purpose of this study 31 1.5. 1 Research questions . 31 1.5. 2 Hypotheses 32 V 1.5. 3.1 Hypothesis for Chapter 2 32 1.5. 2.2 Hypotheses for Chapter 3 33 1.5. 2.3 Hypotheses for Chapter 4 33 1.5. 2.4 Hypotheses for Chapter 5 33 1.5. 3 Objectives 34 1.5. 3.1 Objectives for Chapter 2 34 1.5. 3.2 Objectives for Chapter 3 34 1.5. 3.3 Objectives for Chapter 4 ; 34 1.5. 3.4 Objectives for Chapter 5 35 1.6 References '. 36 CHAPTER 2: COGNITIVE DIETARY RESTRAINT, CORTISOL EXCRETION, AND BODY COMPOSITION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN 45 2.
The Role of Reciprocity in Clarifying the Performance Payoff of Relational Behavior

The authors theorize that the inconsistencies in prior research regarding the relational behavior–performance relationship arise from the type of reciprocity the firm internalizes. The results of a longitudinal study of 284 buyer–supplier relationships indicate that relational behavior enhances financial performance when what is exchanged does not need to be directly comparable with what was received (i.e., heteromorphic equivalence reciprocity) or can be returned over a longer time horizon (i.e., long-term immediacy reciprocity). Moreover, relational behavior diminishes financial performance when what is exchanged must be directly comparable in form (i.e., homeomorphic equivalence reciprocity) or returned over a short time horizon (i.e., short-term immediacy reciprocity). The authors further conclude that a longitudinal interaction effect model provides a more accurate understanding of the relational behavior–performance relationship when compared with a cross-sectional interaction effect model, because it minimizes the unobserved heterogeneity effect, thus strengthening causal inference.