Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type-Ahead Exploratory Search through Typo and Word Order Tolerant Autocompletion

There is an increasing interest on recommending to the user instantly (during typing characters) queries and query results. This is evidenced by the emergence of several systems that offer such functionalities, e.g. Google Instant Search for Web searching or Facebook Search for social searching. In this paper we consider showing more rich recommendations that show several other kinds of supplementary information that provide the user with a better overview of the search space. This supplementary information can be the result of various tasks (e.g. textual clustering or entity mining of the top search results), may have very large size and may cost a lot to be derived. The instant presentation of these recommendations (as the user types a query letter-by-letter) helps the user (a) to quickly discover what is popular among other users, (b) to decide fast which (of the suggested) query completions to use, and (c) to decide what hits of the returned answer to inspect. In this paper we focus on making this feasible (scalable) and flexible. Regarding scalability we elaborate on an approach based on precomputed information and we comparatively evaluate various trie-based index structures for making real-time interaction feasible, even if the size of the available memory space is limited. Specifically, we show how with modest hardware (like this of a mobile device) one can provide instant access to large amounts of data. Moreover, we propose and experimentally evaluate an incremental procedure for updating the index. For improving the throughput that can be served we analyze and experimentally evaluate various policies for caching subtries. With regard to flexibility, in order to reduce user's effort and to increase the exploitation of the precomputed information, we elaborate on how the recommendations can tolerate different word orders and spelling errors, assuming the proposed trie-based index structures. The experimental results revealed that such functionality significantly increases the number of recommendations especially for queries that contain several words. Finally, we propose an algorithm for computing the top-K suggestions that exploits the ranking information in order to reduce the trie traversals. An experimental evaluation proves that the proposed algorithm highly improves the retrieval time.
On topic identification and dialogue move recognition

Abstract Dialogue move recognition is cited as being representative of a class of problem which may be of concern in data driven natural language processing. The dialogue move recognition problem is formulated as a keyword-based topic identification problem, and is shown to be sensitive to the issue of unknown vocabulary. A model based on the multiple Poisson distribution is shown to alleviate the unknown vocabulary issue, subject to the assumption that the occurrence of keywords represents a small fraction of the data. A keyword selection strategy is derived to ensure this assumption is valid. It is shown that a modified version of Zipf's law provides a suitable prior probability distribution for keywords, and that its inclusion increases classification performance.
Committing to Memory: Memory Prosthetics Show Promise in Helping Those with Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cell phone chimes, sticky notes, even the proverbial string around a finger-these timehonored external cues help guard against our inevitable memory lapses. But some internal help to the brain itself may be on the way in the form of what's being called memory prosthetics. Once considered to be on the fringes of neuroscience, the idea of adding hardware to the brain to help with memory has gathered steam. In 2014, the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) made a US$30 million investment in memory prosthetic research as part of the Obama administration's Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies initiative. In August 2016, Kernel, a startup based in Los Angeles, California, announced its goal to develop a clinical memory device for those debilitated by neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
Bayesian Tracking of Linear Structures in Aerial Images

The interpretation of aerial images is difficult, especially for low-resolution images. Although solutions have been worked on for many years, performance of these systems is still not sufficient to be useful in practical applications. One potential solution is to create systems composed of many specialized modules. We introduce one such module, a Bayesian tracker for linear structures, such as pipelines and access roads. We show that the tracker can be used successfully to detect these structures in low-resolution images.
Genetic algorithm and decision tree-based oscillatory stability assessment

This paper deals with a new method for eigenvalue region prediction of critical stability modes of power systems based on decision trees. The critical stability modes result from inter-area oscillations in large-scale interconnected power systems. The existing methods for eigenvalue computation are time-consuming and require the entire system model that includes an extensive number of states. However, using decision trees, the oscillatory stability can be predicted based on a few selected inputs. Decision trees are fast, easy to grow, and provide high accuracy for eigenvalue region prediction. Special emphasis is hereby focused on the selection process for the decision tree inputs. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is implemented to search for the best set of inputs providing the highest performance in stability assessment.
Combining observation models in dual exposure problems using the Kullback-Leibler divergence

Photographs acquired under low-lighting conditions require long exposure times and therefore exhibit significant blurring due to the shaking of the camera. Using shorter exposure times results in sharper images but with a very high level of noise. By taking a pair of blurred/noisy images it is possible to reconstruct a sharp image without noise. This paper is devoted to the combination of observation models in the blurred/noisy image pair reconstruction problem. By examining the difference between the blurred image and the blurred version of the noisy image a third observation model is obtained. Based on the minimization of a linear convex combination of Kullback-Leibler divergences between posterior distributions, a procedure to combine the three observation models is proposed in the paper. The estimated images are compared with images provided by other reconstruction methods.
Exploiting Cellular Data for Disease Containment and Information Campaigns Strategies in Country-Wide Epidemics

Human mobility is one of the key factors at the basis of the spreading of diseases in a population. Containment strategies are usually devised on movement scenarios based on coarse-grained assumptions. Mobility phone data provide a unique opportunity for building models and defining strategies based on very precise information about the movement of people in a region or in a country. Another very important aspect is the underlying social structure of a population, which might play a fundamental role in devising information campaigns to promote vaccination and preventive measures, especially in countries with a strong family (or tribal) structure. In this paper we analyze a large-scale dataset describing the mobility and the call patterns of a large number of individuals in Ivory Coast. We present a model that describes how diseases spread across the country by exploiting mobility patterns of people extracted from the available data. Then, we simulate several epidemics scenarios and we evaluate mechanisms to contain the epidemic spreading of diseases, based on the information about people mobility and social ties, also gathered from the phone call data. More specifically, we find that restricting mobility does not delay the occurrence of an endemic state and that an information campaign based on one-to-one phone conversations among members of social groups might be an effective countermeasure.
Impact of the application activity on intermittent faults in embedded systems

Future embedded systems are going to be more sensitive to hardware faults. In particular, intermittent faults are going to appear faster in future technologies. Understanding the occurrence of faults and their impact on systems and applications can help to improve the fault-tolerance of systems. However, there is no study on their effects in more complex digital circuits. We propose an experimental platform for accelerating and catching the occurrence of intermittent faults in complex digital circuits. We experimentally show that intermittent faults can appear during the lifetime of the circuit, very early before the wear-out period. We studied the impact of processor activity on intermittent faults rate. We conclude that a continuous usage of circuits causes the occurrence of intermittent faults earlier than a low usage under identical operating conditions. We show that applications do not have the same sensitivity to intermittent faults.
The Ife / Modakeke crisis : an insider view

We are all painfully aware that the most recent communal clashes between Ifes and Modakekes ate deep into the very fabric of the Yoruba race. We have all watched in distress and anguish as our people in the two communities of Ife and Modakeke unleashed mayhem on each other. The loss of lives and destruction of properties that have resulted from these clashes sadden us all. This is why I share the concern and wish of all men and women of goodwill that everything should be done to put an end to these periodic clashes. Historical accounts have it that Ifes and Modakekes are sons and daughters of the same parents. As Yorubas, their ancestry is traced to Oduduwa the progenitor of Yoruba race. It was the collapse of Old Oyo Empire in the 19th century (Rev. Johnson 1921) which caused a flood of refugees down south, leading one of the displaced Oyo group of people to settle down in the area known today as Modakeke. Modakeke has thus existed as a town for more than two hundred and fifty (250 years) (Rev. Johnson 1921). It has its own traditional system with a traditional ruler and hierarchy of chiefs. It is proud of its record of healthy growth demographically, economically, culturally and its contribution to national development in all spheres. Ile-Ife, the cradle of Yoruba race, occupies a pride place in Yoruba history; as such its traditional ruler, the Ooni of Ife, is seen as the Arole (custodian) of Oduduwa, the progenitor of Yoruba. Ife is the source of all that is Yoruba and the Ooni the father of all Yoruba people which today spreads over eight contiguous states of the Federation of Nigeria; be they Modakekes, Ifes, Ibadans, Ekitis, Ketus and so on. Not only does this position bestow on Ife and Ifes a pride place in Yoruba. History shackles them as well. They owe a sacred responsibility to defend and protect all interests concerning the Yorubas, Modakeke inclusive. IFE PsychologIA Volume 9 no 3, 2001, pp. 21-29
Iterative Methods by Space Decomposition and Subspace Correction

The main purpose of this paper is to give a systematic introduction to a number of iterative methods for symmetric positive definite problems. Based on results and ideas from various existing works on iterative methods, a unified theory for a diverse group of iterative algorithms, such as Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel iterations, diagonal preconditioning, domain decomposition methods, multigrid methods, multilevel nodal basis preconditioners and hierarchical basis methods, is presented. By using the notions of space decomposition and subspace correction, all these algorithms are classified into two groups, namely parallel subspace correction (PSC) and successive subspace correction (SSC) methods. These two types of algorithms are similar in nature to the familiar Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel methods, respectively.A feature of this framework is that a quite general abstract convergence theory can be established. In order to apply the abstract theory to a particular problem, it is only necessary to specify a decomposi.
Software defined radio for hands-on communication theory

Based on a workshop developed at INICTEL-UNI, this paper presents the methodology and considerations taken to improve the experiences in communication laboratory sessions in Peruvian universities with Software Defined Radio platforms, using a HackRF-One for transmission and a RTL-SDR for reception together with GNUradio Companion, an open source software. The use of these tools allows real communications to be implemented with low cost, simplicity and flexibility that represents a perfect combination for undergraduate laboratory sessions. In addition, it is also presented an 8-PSK communication system implementation as an experience to digital communications as a viability of this proposal.
Impact of Reduced O-Acetylserine(thiol)lyase Isoform Contents on Potato Plant Metabolism1

Plant cysteine (Cys) synthesis can occur in three cellular compartments: the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion. Cys formation is catalyzed by the enzyme O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) using O-acetylserine (OAS) and sulfide as substrates. To unravel the function of different isoforms of OASTL in cellular metabolism, a transgenic approach was used to down-regulate specifically the plastidial and cytosolic isoforms in potato (Solanum tuberosum). This approach resulted in decreased RNA, protein, and enzymatic activity levels. Intriguingly, H2S-releasing capacity was also reduced in these lines. Unexpectedly, the thiol levels in the transgenic lines were, regardless of the selected OASTL isoform, significantly elevated. Furthermore, levels of metabolites such as serine, OAS, methionine, threonine, isoleucine, and lysine also increased in the investigated transgenic lines. This indicates that higher Cys levels might influence methionine synthesis and subsequently pathway-related amino acids. The increase of serine and OAS points to suboptimal Cys synthesis in transgenic plants. Taking these findings together, it can be assumed that excess OASTL activity regulates not only Cys de novo synthesis but also its homeostasis. A model for the regulation of Cys levels in plants is proposed.
Designing a better weather display

Weather maps commonly display several variables at once, usually a subset of the following: atmospheric pressure, surface wind speed and direction, surface temperature, cloud cover, and precipitation. Most often, a single variable is mapped separately and occasionally two are shown together. But sometimes there is an attempt to show three or four variables with a result that is difficult to interpret because of visual interference between the graphical elements. As a design exercise, we set the goal of finding out if it is possible to show three variables (two 2D scalar fields and one 2D vector field) simultaneously so that values can be accurately read using keys for all variables, a reasonable level of detail is shown, and important meteorological features stand out clearly. Our solution involves employing three perceptual “channels”: a color channel, a texture channel, and a motion channel in order to perceptually separate the variables and make them independently readable. We describe a set of interactive weather displays, which enable users to view two meteorological scalar fields of various kinds and a field showing wind patterns. To evaluate the method, we implemented three alternative representations each simultaneously showing temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, and direction. Both animated and static variants of our new design were compared to a conventional solution and a glyph-based solution. The evaluation tested the abilities of participants both to read values using a key and to see meteorological patterns in the data. Our new scheme was superior, especially in the representation of wind patterns using the motion channel. It also performed well enough in the representation of pressure using the texture channel to suggest it as a viable design alternative.
Constitutive internalization of murine MHC class I molecules

The total number of cell surface glycoprotein molecules at the plasma membrane results from a balance between their constitutive internalization and their egress to the cell surface from intracellular pools and/or biosynthetic pathway. Constitutive internalization is net result of constitutive endocytosis and endocytic recycling. In this study we have compared spontaneous internalization of murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (Kd, Dd, full Ld, and empty Ld) after depletion of their egress to the cell surface (Cycloheximide [CHX], brefeldin A [BFA]) and internalization after external binding of monoclonal antibody (mAb). MHC class I alleles differ regarding their cell surface stability, kinetics, and in the way of internalization and degradation. Kd and Dd molecules are more stable at the cell surface than Ld molecules and, thus, constitutively internalized more slowly. Although the binding of mAbs to cell surface MHC class I molecules results in faster internalization than depletion of their egress, it is still slow and, thereby, can serve as a model for tracking of MHC class I endocytosis. Internalization of fully conformed MHC class I molecules (Kd, Dd, and Ld) was neither inhibited by chlorpromazine (CP) (inhibitor of clathrin endocytosis), nor with filipin (inhibitor of lipid raft dependent endocytosis), indicating that fully conformed MHC class I molecules are internalized via the bulk pathway. In contrast, internalization of empty Ld molecules was inhibited by filipin, indicating that non‐conformed MHC class I molecules require intact cholesterol‐rich membrane microdomains for their constitutive internalization. Thus, conformed and non‐conformed MHC class I molecules use different endocytic pathways for constitutive internalization. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 445–455, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of phosphonoacetic acid on herpes viruses.

The ideal antiviral agent would be one which, while inhibiting growth of the virus, had little or no toxic effect on a host cell. That such a compound with anti herpes virus activity appeared to exist was first shown by Shipkowitz et al. (1973) who in random screening experiments discovered the antiviral activity of phosphonoacetic acid (PAA). These early findings indicated that the compound was active against herpes simplex virus as herpes dermatitis in mice and herpes keratitis in rabbits, with little apparently serious effect on the animals themselves. Details of chemical structure are discussed by Dr Fox elsewhere in this supplement.
Understanding and Assessing the Work Motivations of Employed Women

This empirical study investigates the work motivations of employed women in the Maltese labor market. A self-administered questionnaire purposely designed for the present study was presented to a quota sample of 400 women employed in Malta. Statistical analyses revealed that (a) the most important work motivators are “financial independence” and “earning money for basic necessities”; (b) the 16 proposed work motivations could be grouped under two internally consistent and unidimensional factors, namely, “personal and professional development” and “social and economic well-being”; and (c) that the intention to continue to work in the future was associated with a higher level of “education,” and greater levels of work motivation related to “personal and professional development” and “social and economic well-being. ” The findings are discussed and the study provides 10 important recommendations for Maltese labor market policy makers and employers aimed at boosting the participation of working women. These include a more supportive support system for working mothers, flexible educational and training opportunities, and tighter enforcement of laws to prevent gender discrimination and harassment at the place of work and nonobserved economic activity. The study concludes by providing some interesting avenues for further research.
Lipidomic and Antioxidant Response to Grape Seed, Corn and Coconut Oils in Healthy Wistar Rats

Specialty oils differ in fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant content, impacting their benefits for cardiovascular health. The lipid (fatty acid, phytosterol) and antioxidant (total phenolics, radical scavenging capacity) profiles of grapeseed (GSO), corn (CO) and coconut (CNO) oils and their physiological (triacylglycerides, total and HDL-cholesterol and antioxidant capacity (FRAP) in serum and fatty acid and phytosterol hepatic deposition) and genomic (HL, LCAT, ApoA-1 and SR-BP1 mRNA hepatic levels) responses after their sub-chronic intake (10% diet for 28 days) was examined in healthy albino rats. Fatty acid, phytosterol and antioxidant profiles differed between oils (p ≤ 0.01). Serum and hepatic triacylglycerides and total cholesterol increased (p ≤ 0.01); serum HDL-Cholesterol decreased (p < 0.05); but serum FRAP did not differ (p > 0.05) in CNO-fed rats as compared to CO or GSO groups. Hepatic phytosterol deposition was higher (+2.2 mg/g; p ≤ 0.001) in CO- than GSO-fed rats, but their fatty acid deposition was similar. All but ApoA-1 mRNA level increased in GSO-fed rats as compared to other groups (p ≤ 0.01). Hepatic fatty acid handling, but not antioxidant response, nor hepatic phytosterol deposition, could be related to a more efficient reverse-cholesterol transport in GSO-fed rats as compared to CO or CNO.
Trends in Fear of Crime in a Western Canadian City: 1984, 1994, and 2004

Si les criminologues ont porté une attention particulière à la distribution, aux causes et aux conséquences de la peur du crime, les tendances de ce phénomène ont été peu étudiées. Donc, en exploitant des données provenant de l'enquête de la région de Winnipeg (1984, 1994 et 2004) ainsi que des statistiques officielles sur la criminalité fournies par le service de police de Winnipeg, les auteurs analysent ces tendances par rapport à la criminalité effectivement signalée aux forces policières. Ils font ainsi une évaluation de la criminalité en appliquant un indice qui intègre cinq indicateurs reliés à des types d'infraction précis et qui sert à estimer dans quelle mesure les individus craignent d'être victimes d'actes de vol, d'effraction, de vol à main armée, de fraude ou d'agression sexuelle. On exploite les techniques de Bonferonni et les méthodes de régression pour évaluer l'évolution des tendances en matière de peur du crime entre 1984 et 2004. Or, les résultats indiquent que les répondants ont déclaré des niveaux peu élevés de peur pendant la période visée. Ils montrent en outre une faible corrélation entre la peur du crime et les mesures officielles de la criminalité. De tels constats mettent en cause l'exploitation des mesures de la peur du crime par des décideurs politiques qui seraient à la recherche de mécanismes d'évaluation d'initiatives en matière de justice pénale. Criminologists have shown much interest in the distribution, causes, and consequences of fear of crime, but few studies have examined trends in fear. Using data from the Winnipeg Area Study from 1984, 1994, and 2004, and official crime data from the Winnipeg Police Service, we examine trends in fear of crime and compare them to reported crime. Fear of crime is evaluated by using an index compiled from five offence-specific indicators that asks how worried people are about becoming victims of theft, burglary, armed robbery, fraud, and sexual assault. Bonferonni procedures and regression methods are used to assess differences in fear of crime. The results show that respondents report low levels of fear of crime over the 20-year period. The results also indicate a lack of correspondence between fear of crime and official measures of crime. These findings challenge the use of fear of crime measures by policy makers seeking to evaluate criminal justice initiatives.