Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Learning of Generative and Discriminative Weights Encoding Elementary Image Components in a Predictive Coding Model of Cortical Function

A method is presented for learning the reciprocal feedforward and feedback connections required by the predictive coding model of cortical function. When this method is used, feedforward and feedback connections are learned simultaneously and independently in a biologically plausible manner. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by applying it to learning the elementary components of artificial and natural images. For artificial images, the bars problem is employed, and the proposed algorithm is shown to produce state-of-the-art performance on this task. For natural images, components resembling Gabor functions are learned in the first processing stage, and neurons responsive to corners are learned in the second processing stage. The properties of these learned representations are in good agreement with neurophysiological data from V1 and V2. The proposed algorithm demonstrates for the first time that a single computational theory can explain the formation of cortical RFs and also the response properties of cortical neurons once those RFs have been learned.
The Effect of Insulating Layers on the Performance of Implanted Antennas

This work presents the analysis of the influence of insulation on implanted antennas for biotelemetry applications in the Medical Device Radiocommunications Service band. Our goal is finding the insulation properties that facilitate power transmission, thus enhancing the communication between the implanted antenna and an external receiver. For this purpose, it has been found that a simplified model of human tissues based on spherical geometries excited by ideal sources (electric dipole, magnetic dipole and Huygens source) provides reasonable accuracy while remaining very tractable due to its analytical formulation. Our results show that a proper choice of the biocompatible internal insulation material can improve the radiation efficiency of the implanted antenna (up to six times for the investigated cases). External insulation facilitates the electromagnetic transition from the biological tissue to the outer free space, reducing the power absorbed by the human body. Summarizing, this work gives insights on the enhancement of power transmission, obtained with the use of both internal, biocompatible and external, flexible insulations. Therefore, it provides useful information for the design of implanted antennas.
2d Threshold and Tran conductance to Drain Current Ratio Modeling of Triple Material Double Gate (Tmdg) Mosfet

VLSI technology is constantly evolving towards smaller line widths. In this paper analytical modeling for triple material double gate (TMDG) MOSFETs has been presented in the field of VLSI technology. An entire circuit is manufactured in a single piece of silicon. The level of integration of silicon technology as measured in terms of number of devices per IC. This leads to the concept of scaling in MOSFET devices. And further MOSFET occupies much smaller area of silicon than the equivalent BJT, due to which MOSFET requires less current and less power than its bipolar counterpart. SCALING enhances the design or manufacturing of extremely small complex circuitry using modified semiconductor material.The miniaturisation is achieved through scaling in two ways – size reduction of the individual devices and increase in the chip or dice size. But eventually scaling leads to short channel effects(SCEs). So, the main objective of our project is to reduce the short channel effects (SCEs) and threshold voltage roll off by using triple material double gate MOSFET (TMDG) in which the gate is made of three materials with different work functions. The 2D Poisson’s equation is solved for surface potential threshold voltage and electric field using parabolic approximation method and the work is extended to obtain transconductance for TMDG. Future work of our paper is extended to solve above mentioned parameters using Superposition method.
Model-based development of transmission concepts for hybrid electric powertrains

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) are developed to reduce the fuel consumption and the emission of carbon dioxide. The transmission is a core component in PHEVs since it defines the interaction between the internal combustion engine and the electric motors. Due to the complexity of PHEVs, a model-based development is carried out for novel transmission concepts, which takes the overall power train into account, as well. In this contribution, an approach for the model-based development of transmission concepts for PHEVs is presented. It incorporates the development and evaluation of new concepts as well as the development and test of corresponding controllers. Since each step of the development requires a power train model with an appropriate level of detail, an automatic model generation is used to enable an efficient workflow. This contribution focuses on the development of new transmission concepts only. It comprises an optimization of the number of gears and transmission ratios for an exemplary transmission. As a result of the proposed approach a novel transmission concept for PHEVs including a model-based evaluation is presented.
Verb-specific constraints in sentence processing: separating effects of lexical preference from garden-paths.

Immediate effects of verb-specific syntactic (subcategorization) information were found in a cross-modal naming experiment, a self-paced reading experiment, and an experiment in which eye movements were monitored. In the reading studies, syntactic misanalysis effects in sentence complements (e.g., "The student forgot the solution was.") occurred at the verb in the complement (e.g., was) for matrix verbs typically used with noun phrase complements but not for verbs typically used with sentence complements. In addition, a complementizer effect for sentence-complement-biased verbs was not due to syntactic misanalysis but was correlated with how strongly a particular verb prefers to be followed by the complementizer that. The results support models that make immediate use of lexically specific constraints, especially constraint-based models, but are problematic for lexical filtering models.
Inhibition of IgE binding to cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants enhances diagnostic selectivity

Allergy diagnosis by determination of allergen‐specific IgE is complicated by clinically irrelevant IgE, of which the most prominent example is IgE against cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) that occur on allergens from plants and insects. Therefore, CCDs cause numerous false‐positive results. Inhibition of CCDs has been proposed as a remedy, but has not yet found its way into the routine diagnostic laboratory. We sought to provide a simple and affordable procedure to overcome the CCD problem.
ACTH-induced Nucleocytoplasmic Translocation of Salt-inducible Kinase

Salt-inducible kinase (SIK), a serine/threonine protein kinase expressed at an early stage of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation in Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells, repressed the cAMP-responsive element (CRE)-dependent gene transcription by acting on the basic leucine zipper domain of the CRE-binding protein (Doi, J., Takemori, H., Lin, X.-z., Horike, N., Katoh, Y., and Okamoto, M. (2002)J. Biol. Chem. 277, 15629–15637). The mechanism of SIK-mediated gene regulation has been further explored. Here we show that SIK changes its subcellular location after the addition of ACTH. The immunocytochemical and fluorocytochemical analyses showed that SIK was present both in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of resting cells; when the cells were stimulated with ACTH the nuclear SIK moved into the cytoplasm within 15 min; the level of SIK in the nuclear compartment gradually returned to the initial level after 12 h. SIK translocation was blocked by pretreatment with leptomycin B. A mutant SIK whose Ser-577, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation site, was replaced with Ala could not move out of the nucleus under stimulation by ACTH. As expected, the degree of repression exerted by SIK on CRE reporter activity was weak as long as SIK was present in the cytoplasmic compartment. The same was true for the SIK-mediated repression of a steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein-gene promoter, which contained a CRE-like sequence at −95 to −85 bp. These results suggest that in the ACTH-stimulated Y1 cells the nuclear SIK was PKA-dependently phosphorylated, and the phosphorylated SIK was then translocated out of the nuclei. This intracellular translocation of SIK, a CRE-repressor, may account for the time-dependent change in the level of ACTH-activated expression of the StAR protein gene.
fhlA repression by OxyS RNA: kissing complex formation at two sites results in a stable antisense-target RNA complex.

OxyS is a small untranslated RNA that is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli. This small RNA acts as a global regulator affecting the expression of multiple genes. OxyS represses the translation of fhlA, a transcriptional activator for formate metabolism. Previously, we have shown that fhlA repression by OxyS is mediated through base-pairing with a short sequence overlapping the ribosome binding site. Here we show that the OxyS-fhlA interaction involves a second site residing further downstream, within the coding region of fhlA. Mutations that disrupt pairing at this site affect the ability of OxyS to prevent 30 S ribosomes from binding to fhlA mRNA. Structure probing of fhlA mRNA demonstrates that both sites reside in the loops of two stem-loop structures. OxyS-fhlA pairing analysis shows that OxyS binds wild-type fhlA with an apparent dissociation constant of 25 nM, indicating that kissing complex formation between OxyS and fhlA results in a stable antisense-target complex. Mutations at either site, which disrupt pairing of OxyS to fhlA, decrease the stability of this complex. Our results indicate that kissing complex formation is sufficient to repress fhlA translation by OxyS.
Active Finger Extension Predicts Outcomes After Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy for Individuals With Hemiparesis After Stroke

Background and Purpose— Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is a rehabilitative strategy used primarily with the post-stroke population to increase the functional use of the neurologically weaker upper extremity through massed practice while restraining the lesser involved upper extremity. Whereas research evidence supports CIMT, limited evidence exists regarding the characteristics of individuals who benefit most from this intervention. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential of 5 measures to predict functional CIMT outcomes. Methods— A convenience sample of 55 individuals, >6 months after stroke, was recruited that met specific inclusion/exclusion criteria allowing for individuals whose upper extremity was mildly to severely involved. They participated in CIMT 6 hours per day. Pretest, post-test, and follow-up assessments were performed to assess the outcomes for the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT). The potential predictors were minimal motor criteria (active extension of the wrist and 3 fingers), active finger extension/grasp release, grip strength, Fugl–Meyer upper extremity motor score, and the Frenchay score. A step-wise regression analysis was used in which the potential predictors were entered in a linear regression model with simultaneous entry of the dependent variables’ pretest score as the covariate. Two regressions models were determined for the dependent variable, for immediate post-test, and for follow-up post-test. Results— Finger extension was the only significant predictor of WMFT outcomes. Conclusions— When using finger extension/grasp release as a predictor in the regression equations, one can predict individual’s follow-up scores for CIMT. This experiment provides the most comprehensive investigation of predictors of CIMT outcomes to date.
Differential gene expression in migratory streams of cortical interneurons

Cortical interneurons originate in the ganglionic eminences of the subpallium and migrate into the cortex in well‐defined tangential streams. At the start of corticogenesis, two streams of migrating neurons are evident: a superficial one at the level of the preplate (PPL), and a deeper one at the level of the intermediate zone (IZ). Currently, little is known about the signalling mechanisms that regulate interneuron migration, and almost nothing is known about the molecules that may be involved in their choice of migratory stream. Here, we performed a microarray analysis, comparing the changes in gene expression between cells migrating in the PPL and those migrating in the IZ at embryonic day 13.5. This analysis identified genes, many of them novel, that were upregulated in one of the two streams. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization experiments and immunohistochemistry showed the expression of these genes in interneurons migrating within the PPL or IZ, suggesting that they play a role in their migration and choice of stream.
HETEROGENEOUS ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION

The problem of multi-class classication is explored using heterogeneous ensemble classiers. Heterogeneous ensembles classiers are dened as ensembles, or sets, of classier models could be combined with the outputs of support vector machines (SVM) to create a heterogeneous ensemble. We explore how, when, and why heterogeneous ensembles should be used over other classication methods. Specically we look into the use of bagging and dierent fusion methods for heterogeneous and homogeneous ensembles. We also introduce the Hemlock framework, a software tool for creating and testing heterogeneous ensembles.
THE INFLUENCE OF FLOWER COLOR ON OUTCROSSING RATE AND MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN IPOMOEA PURPUREA

Experimental populations of the annual plant, Ipomoea purpurea, composed of individuals belonging to two flower color morphs were studied to determine the effect of flower color on outcrossing rate and reproductive success as a male parent. Analyses of parent and offspring genotypes show that the pigmented and white morphs outcross at similar rates, but that the white morph is favored as a pollen donor. The result suggests that the dynamics of selection occurring at the locus coding for white versus pigmented flowers are more complex than previously believed. Factors such as frequency‐dependent outcrossing rates and epistatic effects of the white allele may be operating. The results also suggest that pollinator observations are unreliable indicators of the actual mating system.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SENSE ORGANS IN THE ANTENNAE OF CULICINE AND ANOPHELINE FEMALE MOSQUITOES.

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Multimodality Molecular Imaging to Monitor Transplanted Stem Cells for the Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease

Purpose Non-invasive techniques to monitor the survival and migration of transplanted stem cells in real-time is crucial for the success of stem cell therapy. The aim of this study was to explore multimodality molecular imaging to monitor transplanted stem cells with a triple-fused reporter gene [TGF; herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP), and firefly luciferase (FLuc)] in acute myocardial infarction rat models. Methods Rat myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. A recombinant adenovirus carrying TGF (Ad5-TGF) was constructed. After transfection with Ad5-TGF, 5×106 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transplanted into the anterior wall of the left ventricle (n = 14). Untransfected BMSCs were as controls (n = 8). MicroPET/CT, fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging were performed. Continuous images were obtained at day 2, 3 and 7 after transplantation with all three imaging modalities and additional images were performed with bioluminescence imaging until day 15 after transplantation. Results High signals in the heart area were observed using microPET/CT, fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging of infarcted rats injected with Ad5-TGF-transfected BMSCs, whereas no signals were observed in controls. Semi-quantitative analysis showed the gradual decrease of signals in all three imaging modalities with time. Immunohistochemistry assays confirmed the location of the TGF protein expression was the same as the site of stem cell-specific marker expression, suggesting that TGF tracked the stem cells in situ. Conclusions We demonstrated that TGF could be used as a reporter gene to monitor stem cells in a myocardial infarction model by multimodality molecular imaging.
Agitation Down-Regulates Immunoglobulin Binding Protein EibG Expression in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) carrying eibG synthesize Escherichia coli immunoglobulin binding protein (EibG). EibG nonspecifically binds to immunoglobulins and tends to aggregate in multimers but is poorly expressed in wild-type strains. To study synthesis of the proteins and their regulation in the pathogens, we identified natural growth conditions that increased EibG synthesis. EibG proteins as well as corresponding mRNA were highly expressed under static growth conditions while shearing stress created by agitation during growth repressed protein synthesis. Further regulation effects were driven by reduced oxygen tension, and pH up-regulated EibG expression, but to a lesser extent than growth conditions while decreased temperature down-regulated EibG. Bacteria with increased EibG expression during static growth conditions showed a distinct phenotype with chain formation and biofilm generation, which disappeared with motion. High and low EibG expression was reversible indicating a process with up- and down-regulation of the protein expression. Our findings indicate that shear stress represses EibG expression and might reduce bacterial attachments to cells and surfaces.
catena-Poly[[[bis(methanol-κO)bis(selenocyanato-κN)manganese(II)]-μ-1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethane-κ2 N:N′] 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethane monosolvate]

The reaction of manganese selenocyanate with 1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (bpa) leads to the title compound, {[Mn(NCSe)2(C12H12N2)(CH3OH)2]·C12H12N2}n. The MnII cation is coordinated by two N-bonded selenocyanate anions, two bpa ligands and two O-bonded methanol molecules, within a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. The MnII cations and the non-coordinating N-donor ligands are located on centers of inversion while the coordinating N-donor co-ligands are located on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, the MnII cations are linked into chains along the c-axis direction by the bpa ligands. The chains are further connected via a non-coordinating bpa ligand into layers parallel to (3-10) via O—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really

A novel oil changer designed to enable one to visually determine the extent of contamination or deterioration of oil in service in comparison with fresh oil prior to change thereof for the purpose of attaining highly economical oil consumption. The oil changer includes an oil contamination inspection tank adapted to be selectively placed into communication with an external oil sump and a waste oil reservoir for forced passage therebetween of used oil under the drive of a pneumatically driven pump, and a metering tank for storing and metering fresh oil to be delivered therefrom to said external oil sump and adapted to be selectively placed into communication with a fresh oil reservoir and said metering tank for forced passage therebetween of fresh oil under the drive of a reversible pneumatically driven pump. The inspection tank is provided with wipers for cleaning its interior surface from the outside thereof, whereas the inspection tank is provided with a graduated overflow pipe for metering the amount of fresh oil to be delivered therefrom, the pipe extending in a vertical direction with its upper end opened into the tank interior at an appropriate level and its lower end connected with said fresh oil reservoir. With the above arrangement of the oil changer, oil change can be continuously effected in a very speedy and safe manner so as to substantially reduce the service time required therefor.
Strawman: An Ensemble of Deep Bag-of-Ngrams for Sentiment Analysis

This paper describes a builder entry, named “strawman”, to the sentence-level sentiment analysis task of the “Build It, Break It” shared task of the First Workshop on Building Linguistically Generalizable NLP Systems. The goal of a builder is to provide an automated sentiment analyzer that would serve as a target for breakers whose goal is to find pairs of minimally-differing sentences that break the analyzer.
Optical fiber sensor for characterization of piezoelectric transducers

The development of an optical fiber sensor for measuring resonances and characterizing the amplitude response of piezoelectric transducers is reported. The method based on the use of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer allows the detection of the transducer deflection peaks which correspond to the piezo resonances. Amplitude response for 1–10 V excitation range is achieved by monitoring the piezoelectric amplitude variations. Linear response with 9.7% amplitude variation/V sensitivity and resonances measurement with a < 1% error comparing with the impedance analysis method are achieved.
Representations for semantic learning webs: Semantic Web technology in learning support

Recent work on applying semantic technologies to learning has concentrated on providing novel means of accessing and making use of learning objects. However, this is unnecessarily limiting: semantic technologies will make it possible to develop a range of educational Semantic Web services, such as interpretation, structure-visualization, support for argumentation, novel forms of content customization, novel mechanisms for aggregating learning material, citation services and so on. In this paper, we outline an initial framework that extends the use of semantic technologies as a means of providing learning services that are owned and created by learning communities.