Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Network and Computer Applications Title: Implementation and Analysis of the Bittorrent Protocol with a Multi-agent Model Implementation and Analysis of the Bittorrent Protocol with a Multi-agent Model Implementation and Analysis of the Bittorrent Protocol

A peer to peer (P2P) computer network relies on direct connections between participants instead of conventional centralized resources. These networks are useful for many purposes, but the killer application nowadays is file sharing. BitTorrent is a very popular protocol for this matter. In this paper we model a BitTorrent network as a multi-agent system. In it, each BitTorrent client is an agent that interacts with other agents and reacts autonomously, following same decision algorithms as a real client. Their goals are downloading contents in the shortest time possible and sharing them with other agents. The model is programmed in JADE, a software framework in Java language for agent development. The model has been validated by initial tests, and it will be used to study the behavior of BitTorrent networks in diverse situations that are hard to emulate in a real network or with other models, like modifications of the protocol or behaviors of the users. Abstract A peer to peer (P2P) computer network relies on direct connections between participants instead of conventional centralized resources. These networks are useful for many purposes, but the killer application nowadays is file sharing. BitTorrent is a very popular protocol for this matter. In this paper we model a BitTorrent network as a multi-agent system. In it, each BitTorrent client is an agent that interacts with other agents and reacts autonomously, following same decision algorithms as a real client. Their goals are downloading contents in the shortest time possible and sharing them with other agents. The model is programmed in JADE, a software framework in Java language for agent development. The model has been validated by initial tests, and it will be used to study the behavior of BitTorrent networks in diverse situations that are hard to emulate in a real network or with other models, like modifications of the protocol or behaviors of the users. Abstract A peer to peer (P2P) computer network relies on direct connections between participants instead of conventional centralized resources. These networks are useful for many purposes, but the killer application nowadays is file sharing. BitTorrent is a very popular protocol for this matter. In this paper we model a BitTorrent network as a multi-agent system. In it, each BitTorrent client is an agent that interacts with other agents and reacts autonomously, following same decision algorithms as a real client. Their goals are downloading contents in the shortest time possible …
Microwave Radar Imaging of Heterogeneous Breast Tissue Integrating A Priori Information

Conventional radar-based image reconstruction techniques fail when they are applied to heterogeneous breast tissue, since the underlying in-breast relative permittivity is unknown or assumed to be constant. This results in a systematic error during the process of image formation. A recent trend in microwave biomedical imaging is to extract the relative permittivity from the object under test to improve the image reconstruction quality and thereby to enhance the diagnostic assessment. In this paper, we present a novel radar-based methodology for microwave breast cancer detection in heterogeneous breast tissue integrating a 3D map of relative permittivity as a priori information. This leads to a novel image reconstruction formulation where the delay-and-sum focusing takes place in time rather than range domain. Results are shown for a heterogeneous dense (class-4) and a scattered fibroglandular (class-2) numerical breast phantom using Bristol's 31-element array configuration.
A signature based architecture for Trojan detection

Trust in the integrated circuit (IC) fabrication industry is an ongoing concern given the trend towards "fabless" design and associated use of third-parties for fabrication. A Hardware Trojan (HT) introduced during fabrication can corrupt an IC's outputs, leak secret information, and yet go undetected by traditional system testing techniques. In this paper we propose an architecture to detect HTs during IC test or at run-time. An HT that would corrupt an IC's output and otherwise proceed undetected will then be rendered useless by this architecture. This approach will therefore discourage the insertion of HTs in the first place. The proposed architecture takes encryption hardware as a paradigmatic case-study and uses digital "signatures" derived from the plaintext to identify if the ciphertext has been corrupted by HTs. We test this methodology through simulation on various types of HTs inserted into a lightweight cryptographic system called "PRESENT"[13]. Our results validate that activated HTs are detected by this methodology.
Effects of an Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention on Health Service Usage by Young People in Northern Ghana: A Community-Randomised Trial

Background While many Ghanaian adolescents encounter sexual and reproductive health problems, their usage of services remains low. A social learning intervention, incorporating environment, motivation, education, and self-efficacy to change behaviour, was implemented in a low-income district of northern Ghana to increase adolescent services usage. This study aimed to assess the impact of this intervention on usage of sexual and reproductive health services by young people. Methods Twenty-six communities were randomly allocated to (i) an intervention consisting of school-based curriculum, out-of-school outreach, community mobilisation, and health-worker training in youth-friendly health services, or (ii) comparison consisting of community mobilisation and youth-friendly health services training only. Outcome measures were usage of sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) management, HIV counselling and testing, antenatal care or perinatal services in the past year and reported service satisfaction. Data was collected, at baseline and three years after, from a cohort of 2,664 adolescents aged 15–17 at baseline. Results Exposure was associated with over twice the odds of using STI services (AOR 2.47; 95%CI 1.78–3.42), 89% greater odds of using perinatal services (AOR 1.89; 95%CI 1.37–2.60) and 56% greater odds of using antenatal services (AOR 1.56; 95%CI 1.10–2.20) among participants in intervention versus comparison communities, after adjustment for baseline differences. Conclusions The addition of targeted school-based and outreach activities increased service usage by young people more than community mobilisation and training providers in youth-friendly services provision alone.
Aligning Predicate-Argument Structures for Paraphrase Fragment Extraction

Paraphrases and paraphrasing algorithms have been found of great importance in various natural language processing tasks. While most paraphrase extraction approaches extract equivalent sentences, sentences are an inconvenient unit for further processing, because they are too specific, and often not exact paraphrases. Paraphrase fragment extraction is a technique that post-processes sentential paraphrases and prunes them to more convenient phrase-level units. We present a new approach that uses semantic roles to extract paraphrase fragments from sentence pairs that share semantic content to varying degrees, including full paraphrases. In contrast to previous systems, the use of semantic parses allows for extracting paraphrases with high wording variance and different syntactic categories. The approach is tested on four different input corpora and compared to two previous systems for extracting paraphrase fragments. Our system finds three times as many good paraphrase fragments per sentence pair as the baselines, and at the same time outputs 30% fewer unrelated fragment pairs.
The effects of location and low-molecular-weight heparin administration on deep vein thrombosis outcomes in trauma patients

BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is common after trauma. Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a feared complication of DVT. Standard doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) are commonly used to prevent and treat DVT and PE. There is variable bioavailability of LMWH with standard therapy. The traditional concept that below-knee DVT is associated with a lower risk of subsequent PE may result in less aggressive therapy. The purposes of this study were to assess the rates of PE in above-knee versus below-knee DVT and longitudinally evaluate outcomes of DVT treated with LMWH therapy. METHODS This was a retrospective review of patients at a university Level I trauma center during the years 2005 through 2010. Patients diagnosed with lower-extremity DVT were included in this study. Patients were classified by location of lower-extremity DVT and type of LMWH therapy received. All high-risk trauma patients were evaluated with weekly duplex Doppler ultrasonography. All duplex studies were reviewed for DVT resolution or improvement. Symptomatic patients were evaluated with computed tomographic angiography to rule out PE. Demographics, total length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were collected. RESULTS Three-hundred eight trauma patients with lower-extremity DVT were included. More patients developed below-knee DVT (65.6%) compared with above-knee DVT (34.4%). Increased length of hospital stay, intensive care unit stay, and higher ISS were noted in patients with above-knee DVT. More patients had below-knee DVT in the prophylactic dosing group. With LMWH therapy, three PEs occurred in patients in the prophylactic dosing group with below-knee DVT, and no PEs occurred in the therapeutic treatment group. The incidence of PE between patients with below-knee DVT compared with above-knee DVT overall was not different (3.3% and 4.7%, p = 0.59). To assess DVT outcomes, 157 of the 308 patients had serial duplex studies following diagnosis of lower-extremity DVT. The number of patients receiving either therapeutic or prophylactic LMWH was similar (51% and 49%). There was no difference in rates of resolution or improvement between LMWH dosing groups or location of DVT. CONCLUSION In screened trauma patients, below-knee DVT is more common than above-knee DVT. There was no difference in the incidence of PE between groups. Standard prophylactic and therapeutic dosing of LMWH does not affect the rates of resolution or improvement of lower-extremity DVT. Rates of resolution and improvement of DVT is not dependent of location of lower-extremity DVT. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level IV; epidemiologic study, level III.
Personal Computing Trends and Problems: An Empirical Study

This article reports the findings of a field study of personal computing in 173 U.S. companies. It identifies trends over the past five years in he use of personal computing as well as the corporate MIS departments' roles, policies, and practices with regard to personal computing. A prioritized checklist of personal computing problems shows lack of user education, lack of a company-wide perspective on the use of personal computers, and overwhelming demands on MIS departments at the top in terms of problem intensity.
Caring for Grandparents With Alzheimer’s Disease

This study examined adolescent grandchildren’s contributions to caregiving for grandparents with Alzheimer’s disease. It was predicted that grandchildren would provide more care when parents experienced greater burden, and when adolescents had higher quality relationships with parents and grandparents. It was also hypothesized that these factors would predict higher levels of social commitment and more positive attitudes toward the provision of long-term care. Twenty-nine adolescents and their parents participated in the telephone interview study. Adolescents rated the amount of care they provided to grandparents, relationship quality with grandparents and parents, social responsibility, and attitudes toward the provision of long-term care. Parents reported levels of caregiver burden. Results indicated that grandchildren provided more help when parents provided more care and when grandchildren had greater affection for grandparents. Adolescent grandchildren exhibited lower levels of social responsibility and more negative attitudes toward the provision of long-term care when fathers experienced higher subjective burden.
Average Power Balancing Control of a STATCOM Based on the Cascaded H-Bridge PWM Converter With Star Configuration

This paper presents the average power balancing (APB) control method for the modular multilevel cascaded converter based on single-star bridge cells in the static synchronous compensator applications. The proposed control method accomplishes both the reactive power compensation and the dc bus voltage balancing control even under grid voltage sags. The low-voltage ride-through capability of the proposed method will become more and more important as more distributed generation resources are integrated into the grid. Laboratory test results are provided to validate the proposed APB control method.
Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Tumors of the Spine

The goal of surgical treatment of metastatic spinal tumors is to maintain neurologic functioning without pain for the duration of the life expectancy. Of 28 patients in this series, 25 who had metastasis in the vertebral body underwent direct decompression by removal of the tumor, followed by vertebral reconstruction. A combined anterior or posterior instrumentation provided rigid spinal stability immediately after surgery. Three patients with involvement of the posterior part of the vertebra were treated by laminectomy for removal of the tumor, followed by posterior instrumentation. As a result, of nine patients who are alive with improved neurologic functions, seven have been ambulatory for an average duration of 13 months. Of 19 patients who have already died, recurrence of neurologic deficits was observed in five (26%), and 14 had no neurologic deterioration until they succumbed to the malignancy. Removal of the tumor and reconstructive surgery may be expected to produce satisfactory results
The effect of room acoustics and sound-field amplification on word recognition performance in young adult listeners in suboptimal listening conditions.

PURPOSE To compare the speech recognition performance of young adult listeners with normal hearing in 2 college classrooms, only 1 of which met American National Standards Institute (ANSI) S12.60-2002 acoustic standards. Also, differences in speech recognition performance were compared in both classrooms with and without the use of a classroom amplification system. The speech was presented at low intensity to simulate listening in the rear seats of a large college classroom. METHOD Listeners were randomly assigned seats in the 2 classrooms, and Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) words were presented via a loudspeaker from the front of the classroom for all listening conditions as well as through a sound-field infrared system with ceiling-mounted speakers during the amplified condition. RESULTS Results showed statistically significant differences in speech recognition performance between classrooms, with and without classroom amplification, and across the rows of each classroom when the classroom amplification system was not used. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate how meeting the ANSI S12.60-2002 standard, which was written for elementary school classrooms, can benefit young adult listeners in postsecondary classrooms. Also, classroom amplification was shown to improve speech recognition for students across the classroom in both acoustically poor and acoustically sound classroom environments.
An Implementation Case of Business Centric Event-driven SOA Test Framework1

: This paper presents an implementation case study for business-centric SOA test framework. The reference architecture of SOA system is usually layered: business process layer, service layer, and computing resource layer. In the architecture, there are so many subsystems to affect system performance, moreover they relate with each other. As a result, in the respect of overall performance, it is usually meaningless to measure each subsystem’s performance separately. In SOA system, the performance of the business process layer with which users keep in contact depends on the summation of the performance of the other lower layers. Therefore, measuring performance of the business layer includes indirect measurement of the other SOA system layers. We devised a business-centric SOA test framework in which activities and control primitives in business process managers are simulated to invoke commands or services in a test scenario. That is, in the test framework, a real business process scenario can be replaced to a mimicked business process test scenario, which is executed in a test proxy based on event mechanism. In this paper, we present the concept of business process activity simulation, 2-layered test suites model, and reference architecture.
Applying demand side management using a generalised three phase grid supportive approach

Demand side management is often seen as a promising tool for distribution network operators to mitigate network operation limit violations. Many demand side management applications have been proposed, each with their own objectives and methodology. Quite often, these demand side management applications do not have a direct interface with the network monitoring applications of the network operator, and therefore are not always capable of resolving operation limit violations effectively. Besides, for network operators it can be difficult to deal with the various types of demand side management applications run by different aggregators or energy suppliers. Therefore, this paper proposes a generalised three phase grid supportive demand side management approach for distribution networks, establishing a new interface between the monitoring and network analysis tools of the network operator and the demand side management application. Using the network sensitivity, independently of what objective de demand side management application pursues, the demand side management application will be able to resolve network operation limit violations as specified by the network operator. A case study based on fair power sharing shows the applicability of the proposed approach for mitigating over and under voltages as well as over currents simultaneously, followed by recommendations for future work and conclusions.
Detecting Hate Speech in Tweets Using Different Deep Neural Network Architectures

One of the major problems, apparent in online social media, is the toxic online content. This has continued unabated, as people from diverse cultural backgrounds access the Internet, concealing their identity under the cloud of anonymity. Deep neural networks have been employed to detect hate speech from online content. This paper describes three different Deep Neural Network (DNN) Architectures for detection of hate words in Twitter - Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), useful in capturing sequence orders, Convolution Neural Network (CNN), good for feature extraction, and Universal Language Model Fine-tuning (ULMFiT) model, which is based on transfer learning technique. ULMFiT model uses the DNN Architecture called Average-SGD Weight-Dropped Long Short Term Memory (AWD-LSTM). AWD –LSTM model was pre-trained using WikiText103 dataset. This method significantly outperformed the other Architectures.
Anomalías neurocognitivas asociadas al consumo intensivo de alcohol (binge drinking) en jóvenes y adolescentes: una revisión

El consumo intensivo de alcohol o binge drinking (BD) constituye la forma de consumo problematico mas comun durante la adolescencia y juventud. Al mismo tiempo, es este un periodo marcado por profundos cambios, tanto en la estructura como en el funcionamiento cerebral, que pueden verse afectados por el consumo intensivo de alcohol. En los ultimos anos, se ha publicado un importante numero de estudios que tratan de caracterizar los efectos del BD sobre el cerebro. Sin embargo, no existe hasta la fecha ninguna revision critica en lengua espanola de la investigacion sobre las consecuencias neuroestructurales, neurofuncionales y cognitivas que pueden derivarse del mantenimiento de un patron de consumo intensivo de alcohol durante la adolescencia y juventud. El proposito de esta revision es hacer un resumen critico de los principales resultados de la investigacion sobre los efectos del BD en el cerebro. Para ello, se realizo una busqueda bibliografica en las bases de datos Web of Knowledge, PubMed y PsycINFO para el periodo 2000-2013. En general, los trabajos coinciden en senalar que el BD se asocia a 1) menor rendimiento en tareas que evaluan procesos cognitivos como la atencion, la memoria o las funciones ejecutivas, 2) alteraciones estructurales (en sustancia blanca y en sustancia gris) en distintas regiones cerebrales y 3) anomalias neurofuncionales (hiper- y/o hipoactivacion neural) ligadas a distintos procesos cognitivos. Estos resultados, si bien aun necesitan ser contrastados, alertan sobre las importantes consecuencias que podria tener la persistencia del BD sobre un cerebro joven y todavia en maduracion.
A Structured Language Model Based on Context-Sensitive Probabilistic Left-Corner Parsing

Recent contributions to statistical language modeling for speech recognition have shown that probabilistically parsing a partial word sequence aids the prediction of the next word, leading to "structured" language models that have the potential to outperform n-grams. Existing approaches to structured language modeling construct nodes in the partial parse tree after all of the underlying words have been predicted. This paper presents a different approach, based on probabilistic left-corner grammar (PLCG) parsing, that extends a partial parse both from the bottom up and from the top down, leading to a more focused and more accurate, though somewhat less robust, search of the parse space. At the core of our new structured language model is a fast context-sensitive and lexicalized PLCG parsing algorithm that uses dynamic programming. Preliminary perplexity and word-accuracy results appear to be competitive with previous ones, while speed is increased.