Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multichannel Data Acquisition and Analysis System based on off-the-shelf DSP Boards

Abstract| The EU-funded project VSAMUEL aims todevelop a versatile system for advanced neuronal record-ings with multisite microelectrodes. Within this project weare developing a data acquisition system for high channelcounts. The system will be able to acquire and processdata on 128 channels at a sampling rate of at least 32 kHz.We are utilizing multiple DSP boards to perform that task.Other project parts include development of multisite mi-croelectrodes and respective pre- and main ampli er stages.Besides data acquisition the DSP boards are used to per-form online analysis of the data, e.g. spike detection andspectrogram computation. Other project parts include de-velopment of multisite microelectrodes and respective pre-and main ampli er stages.Keywords| Digital Signal Processors, Multichannel DataAcquisition I. IntroductionThe principal goal of the project VSAMUEL sponsoredby the European Commission is to provide a versatile dataacquisition system to the neuroscience community which isable to acquire simultaneous recordings from hundreds ofcells in the nervous system. The project includes the devel-opment of silicon based microelectrodes, ampli er stages,and data acquisition software and hardware, where the lat-ter part is where we turn our attention in this paper. Thedata acquisition hardware is based on o -the-shelf DSP-boards in combination with a personal computer runningunder Windows NT. The software provides basic function-ality like acquiring data on 32 channels, and streaming thisraw data to disk. Furthermore, online visualization of ahigh channel count, and spectrogram of single channels isimplemented.II. Microelectrodes and AmplifierThe next two sections give a short description of themicroelectrodes and the ampli er stages.A. MircoelectrodesA key issue in understanding the nervous system is tomake simultaneous observations of the activity of a largenumber of cells. Therefore, it is desired to have a largenumber of recording sites inserted in the neural tissue,while the insertion causes as smallest possible tissue dam-age. The design and construction of the microelectrodes isdone by ACREO AB (Sweden) with respect to these con-straints.The microelectrodes are of fork shaped silicon with shaftsof width 25 m having a pointed end. The recording sites(Ir, 10 m 10 m) are arranged in a two dimensional
XMLSnippet: A Coding Assistant for XML Configuration Snippet Recommendation

Framework-based1 applications are quite popularly used in current commercial applications. Framework-based applications are often controlled by XML configuration files. However, most of these frameworks are complex or not well documented, which poses a great challenge for programmers to correctly utilize them. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a new method to recommend XML configuration snippets automatically through mining tree patterns from the application repository with the aim of assisting the programmer to generate proper XML configurations during the product phase. This method is further realized into a new tool XMLSnippet. In this paper, we will systematically present the core techniques of the proposed method, including closed frequent tree pattern mining, prefix tree based indexing and three types of queries (type query, structural query and context query) for online coding assistance. Experimental results show that these techniques are efficient for recommending reusable XML configuration snippets and consequently improve the productivity of programmers effectively with the assistance of the tool when they program with XML-based frameworks.
The NIT1 Promoter Allows Inducible and Reversible Silencing of Centrin in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ABSTRACT An inverted repeat corresponding to parts of the centrin gene of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was placed downstream of the NIT1 promoter, which is induced by ammonium starvation. After induction, transformants developed centrin deficiency as assayed by immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and Northern blotting. The effect was reversible, demonstrating that the NIT1 promoter allowed controlled RNA interference in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
The Instrument Bandwidth Effect in Jitter and BER Test for High-Speed Serial Interconnection

Different from other electronics measurement, the bandwidth of the instrument can affect the test results more seriously in jitter and bit-error rate (BER) test. This paper analyzes the effect on the jitter and BER test results caused by instrument bandwidth in high-speed serial interconnection. An algorithm is presented to measure and estimate the equivalent frequency response of instruments. Computed data-dependent jitter (DDJ) results are produced based on the S-parameter of the serial interconnected channels and the equivalent frequency response of instruments, which are perfectly consistent with actual DDJ measure results. These methods can be used to measure and calibrate the instrument bandwidth effect precisely in jitter and BER test. At last, the paper gives the results of the instrument bandwidth effect for three channels and a set of instruments according to simulation, and presents a new concept “equivalent bandwidth” to roughly estimate the test error of DDJ caused by instrument bandwidth.
Review of the book “ Causal Inference for Statistics , Social , and Biomedical Sciences ” by

Research questions that motivate most studies in statistics-based sciences are causal in nature. Economists and social scientists are typically interested in estimating causal effects rather than mere associations between variables (e.g., the effects of training programs on subsequent labor market histories); the same is true for epidemiologists and medical doctors (e.g., is smoking causing lung cancer? what is the effect of pollution on health outcomes? ).
Effects of Streambed Conductance on Stream Depletion

Stream depletion, which is the reduction in flow rate of a stream or river due to the extraction of groundwater in a hydraulically connected stream-aquifer system, is often estimated using numerical models. The accuracy of these models depends on the appropriate parameterization of aquifer and streambed hydraulic properties. Streambed conductance is a parameter that relates the head difference between the stream and aquifer to flow across the stream channel. It is a function of streambed hydraulic conductivity and streambed geometry. In natural systems, streambed conductance varies spatially throughout the streambed; however, stream depletion modeling studies often ignore this variability. In this work, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate that stream depletion estimates are sensitive to a range of streambed conductance values depending on aquifer properties. We compare the stream depletion estimates from various spatial patterns of streambed conductance to show that modeling streambed conductance as a homogeneous property can lead to errors in stream depletion estimates. We use the results to identify feasible locations for proposed pumping wells such that the stream depletion due to pumping from a well within this feasible region would not exceed a prescribed threshold value, and we show that incorrect assumptions of the magnitude and spatial variability of streambed conductance can affect the size and shape of the feasible region.
The QUEST RR Lyrae Survey: Confirmation of the Clump at 50 Kiloparsecs and Other Overdensities in the Outer Halo

We have measured the periods and light curves of 148 RR Lyrae variables from V = 13.5 to 19.7 from the first 100 deg2 of the Quasar Equatorial Survey Team RR Lyrae survey. Approximately 55% of these stars belong to the clump of stars detected earlier by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. According to our measurements, this feature has ~10 times the background density of halo stars, spans at least 37. °5 by 3. °5 in α and δ (≥30 by ≥3 kpc), lies ~50 kpc from the Sun, and has a depth along the line of sight of ~5 kpc (1 σ). These properties are consistent with the recent models that suggest that it is a tidal stream from the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The mean period of the type ab variables, 0.58 days, is also consistent. In addition, we have found two smaller overdensities in the halo, one of which may be related to the globular cluster Pal 5.
Remittance Income Uncertainty and Household Asset Accumulation

international migration, international remittances, household expenditure/spending shares, Mexico. We are grateful to the BBVA Foundation for support of this research, to Myriam Quispe-Agnoli and participants at the 2008 conference “Remittances and the Macro-Economy” at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, at the 2008 Population Association of America meetings, and at the 2008 Society for Labor Economists meetings for useful comments.
The Right Amount of Trust by Jeffrey Butler ( EIEF )

A vast literature has investigated the relationship between trust and aggregate economic performance. We investigate the relationship between individual trust and individual economic performance. We nd that individual income is hump-shaped in a measure of intensity of trust beliefs available in the European Social Survey. We show that heterogeneity of trust beliefs in the population, coupled with the tendency of individuals to extrapolate beliefs about others from their own level of trustworthiness, could generate the non-monotonic relationship between trust and income. Highly trustworthy individuals think others are like them and tend to form beliefs that are too optimistic, causing them to assume too much social risk, to be cheated more often and ultimately perform less well than those who happen to have a trustworthiness level close to the mean of the population. On the other hand, the low-trustworthiness types form beliefs that are too conservative and thereby avoid being cheated, but give up pro table opportunities too often and, consequently, underperform. Our estimates imply that the cost of either excessive or too little trust is comparable to the income lost by foregoing college. Furthermore, we nd that people who trust more are cheated more often by banks as well as when purchasing goods second hand, when relying on the services of a plumber or a mechanic and when buying food. We complement the survey evidence with experimental evidence showing that own trustworthiness and expectations of otherstrustworthiness in a trust game are strongly correlated and that performance in the game is hump-shaped. JEL Classi cation: A1, A12, D1, O15, Z1 Keywords: Trust, trustworthiness, economic performance, culture, false consensus We thank Oriana Bandiera, Sascha Becker, Bhajan Grewal, Bernard Salaniè, Guido Tabellini and Georg Weizacker for helpful suggestions and discussion, and seminar participants at the Einaudi Institute for Economics and Finance, the Kaler Meeting at UCLA, the London School of Economics and Toulouse University for helpful comments. We are greateful to the International Atlantic Economic Society for inviting Luigi Guiso to deliver the Robert A. Mundell distinguished address at the 67th meeting which relied on the material in this paper. Luigi Guiso thanks the EUI for nancial support and LUISS University for making the LUISS lab available. Paola Giuliano thanks the UCLA-CIBER grant for nancial support.
Thioredoxin from the Indianmeal Moth Plodia interpunctella: Cloning and Test of the Allergenic Potential in Mice

Background/Objective The Indianmeal moth Plodia interpunctella is a highly prevalent food pest in human dwellings, and has been shown to contain a number of allergens. So far, only one of these, the arginine kinase (Plo i 1) has been identified. Objective The aim of this study was to identify further allergens and characterise these in comparison to Plo i 1. Method A cDNA library from whole adult P. interpunctella was screened with the serum of a patient with indoor allergy and IgE to moths, and thioredoxin was identified as an IgE-binding protein. Recombinant thioredoxin was generated in E. coli, and tested together with Plo i 1 and whole moth extracts in IgE immunoblots against a large panel of indoor allergic patients' sera. BALB/c mice were immunised with recombinant thioredoxin and Plo i 1, and antibody production, mediator release from RBL cells, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production were measured. Result For the first time a thioredoxin from an animal species was identified as allergen. About 8% of the sera from patients with IgE against moth extracts reacted with recombinant P. interpunctella thioredoxin, compared to 25% reacting with recombinant Plo i 1. In immunised BALB/c mice, the recombinant allergens both induced classical Th2-biased immune responses such as induction IgE and IgG1 antibodies, upregulation of IL-5 and IL-4 and basophil degranulation. Conclusion Thioredoxin from moths like Plo i 1 acts like a classical Type I allergen as do the thioredoxins from wheat or corn. This clearly supports the pan-allergen nature of thioredoxin. The designation Plo i 2 is suggested for the new P. interpunctella allergen.
Learning with non-Standard Supervision

Machine learning has enjoyed astounding practical success in a wide range of applications in recent years—practical success that often hurries ahead of our theoretical understanding. The standard framework for machine learning theory assumes full supervision, that is, training data consists of correctly labeled i.i. d. examples from the same task that the learned classifier is supposed to be applied to. However, many practical applications successfully make use of the sheer abundance of data that is currently produced. Such data may not be labeled or may be collected from various sources. The focus of this thesis is to provide theoretical analysis of machine learning regimes where the learner is given such (possibly large amounts) of non-perfect training data. In particular, we investigate the benefits and limitations of learning with unlabeled data in semi-supervised learning and active learning as well as benefits and limitations of learning from data that has been generated by a task that is different from the target task (domain adaptation learning). For all three settings, we propose Probabilistic Lipschitzness to model the relatedness between the labels and the underlying domain space, and we discuss our suggested notion by comparing it to other common data assumptions.
Review of Applications of Whispering-Gallery Mode Resonators in Photonics and Nonlinear Optics

We review recent advances in the application of dielectric whispering-gallery (WG) resonators in optics and photonics, tracing the growth of the technology from the experiments with freely flying spherical droplets of transparent liquids to integrated on-chip microresonators. Both passive (such as filters) and active (such as lasers) whispering-gallery-mode (WGM)-based devices are discussed. Problems and possible future developments in the field are outlined.
Preserving distributed systems critical properties: a model-driven approach

The need for creating predictability in distributed systems is most often specified in terms of quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, which help define the acceptable levels of dependability with which capabilities such as processing capacity, data throughput, or service availability reach users. For longer-term properties such as scalability, maintainability, adaptability, and system security, we can similarly use persistent software attributes (PSAs) to specify how and to what degree such properties must remain intact as a network expands and evolves over time. The Skoll distributed continuous software quality assurance process helps to identify viable system and software configurations for meeting stringent QOS and PSA requirements by coordinating the use of distributed computing resources. The authors tested their process using the large, rapidly evolving ACE+TAO middleware suite.
Crystal Structure of a Chimeric Receptor Binding Protein Constructed from Two Lactococcal Phages

ABSTRACT Lactococcus lactis, a gram-positive bacterium widely used by the dairy industry to manufacture cheeses, is subject to infection by a diverse population of virulent phages. We have previously determined the structures of three receptor binding proteins (RBPs) from lactococcal phages TP901-1, p2, and bIL170, each of them having a distinct host range. Virulent phages p2 and bIL170 are classified within the 936 group, while the temperate phage TP901-1 is a member of the genetically distinct P335 polythetic group. These RBPs comprise three domains: the N-terminal domain, binding to the virion particle; a β-helical linker domain; and the C-terminal domain, bearing the receptor binding site used for host recognition. Here, we have designed, expressed, and determined the structure of an RBP chimera in which the N-terminal and linker RBP domains of phage TP901-1 (P335) are fused to the C-terminal RBP domain of phage p2 (936). This chimera exhibits a stable structure that closely resembles the parental structures, while a slight displacement of the linker made RBP domain adaptation efficient. The receptor binding site is structurally indistinguishable from that of native p2 RBP and binds glycerol with excellent affinity.
A RATIONAL MOMENT PROBLEM ON THE UNIT CIRCLE

Let {<^k}kLi k a sequence of not necessarily distinct points on the complex unit circle. We consider the moment problem: find a positive measure on [—TT, TT] such that for UQ = 1 and u)n(z) = (z — ai) • • • (z — an), n = 1,2,. , we have
Classification and Regression Trees as a Part of Data Mining in Six Sigma Methodology

 Abstract—The paper deals with implementation of the classification and regression trees into the DMAIC phases of Six Sigma methodology. Six Sigma methodology seeks to improve the quality of manufacturing process by identifying and minimizing variability of this process. Using the classification, regression and segmentation trees as a part of the Data Mining methods could improve results of DMAIC phases. This improvement has a direct impact on the Sigma performance level of processes. The author introduces research results of implementation Data Mining algorithms into retail sales promotion.
Independent surrogate variable analysis to deconvolve confounding factors in large-scale microarray profiling studies

MOTIVATION A common difficulty in large-scale microarray studies is the presence of confounding factors, which may significantly skew estimates of statistical significance, cause unreliable feature selection and high false negative rates. To deal with these difficulties, an algorithmic framework known as Surrogate Variable Analysis (SVA) was recently proposed. RESULTS Based on the notion that data can be viewed as an interference pattern, reflecting the superposition of independent effects and random noise, we present a modified SVA, called Independent Surrogate Variable Analysis (ISVA), to identify features correlating with a phenotype of interest in the presence of potential confounding factors. Using simulated data, we show that ISVA performs well in identifying confounders as well as outperforming methods which do not adjust for confounding. Using four large-scale Illumina Infinium DNA methylation datasets subject to low signal to noise ratios and substantial confounding by beadchip effects and variable bisulfite conversion efficiency, we show that ISVA improves the identifiability of confounders and that this enables a framework for feature selection that is more robust to model misspecification and heterogeneous phenotypes. Finally, we demonstrate similar improvements of ISVA across four mRNA expression datasets. Thus, ISVA should be useful as a feature selection tool in studies that are subject to confounding. AVAILABILITY An R-package isva is available from www.cran. r-project.org.
The Foot-and-Mouth Epidemic in Great Britain: Pattern of Spread and Impact of Interventions

We present an analysis of the current foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Great Britain over the first 2 months of the spread of the virus. The net transmission potential of the pathogen and the increasing impact of control measures are estimated over the course of the epidemic to date. These results are used to parameterize a mathematical model of disease transmission that captures the differing spatial contact patterns between farms before and after the imposition of movement restrictions. The model is used to make predictions of future incidence and to simulate the impact of additional control strategies. Hastening the slaughter of animals with suspected infection is predicted to slow the epidemic, but more drastic action, such as “ring” culling or vaccination around infection foci, is necessary for more rapid control. Culling is predicted to be more effective than vaccination.
Are Income-Calorie Elasticity's Really High in Developing Countries?: Some Implications for Nutrition and Income *

In the last few years there has been an intense debate on the response of nutrition intake to rising incomes. This paper is about this relationship which has some far reaching policy implications for the developing countries on how best to reduce malnutrition. On the one hand some studies show that the Income elasticity of calorie intake was quite low, and not significantly different from zero in statistical terms. Critics on the other hand have concentrated their firepower on the finding that the income elasticity of calorie intake is low and one study based on the Indian National Sample Survey show that the elasticity is in the range of 0.3-0.5 and in any case statistically different from zero. This increase in calorie consumption with increase in income comes largely from the increase in cereals. In this paper, we relook at the evidence for India to study this important relationship using two different sets of data from NCAER surveys. Our estimates of the total expenditure (income) elasticity of cereals are low and the cereal consumption declines with increase in income. This shows that calorie income elasticity cannot be as high as in the literature, given that cereals are the cheapest and the highest source of calories. Following this we conclude that the underconsumption of calories among the poorest households is unlikely to disappear in the normal course of economic development. Increasing incomes may not be effective in reducing malnutrition (in the sense currently defined). It should, however, be recognised that low calorie-income elasticity is not because the overall quality of the diet is unchanged with income, but because calorieintake is a poor summary statistic for diet quality. A more comprehensive measure of diet quality or nutritional adequacy would have to include both calorie intake and the intake of other nutrients, several of which may be highly income elastic.