Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case of two paradigms within health education

The article outlines two different paradigms which influence school health education. The first of these is the moralistic paradigm which is dominant in many current health education programmes in schools. It will be argued that the moralistic and totalitarian paradigm may actually be an obstacle for developing a democratic school in a democratic society. The second paradigm focuses on democratic health education and is advocated in this paper as a valuable alternative to the moralistic paradigm. An overview of the major characteristics of the two paradigms is followed by an analysis of several concepts which characterize democratic health education, including 'action competence', 'action' and 'holism'. These concepts illustrate that health and environment have to be closely linked in teaching if students are to acquire a coherent understanding of the dynamics behind health issues and health problems. Finally, the 'IVAC approach is suggested as a way of developing action competence in relation to health and environmental issues. Experiences and examples from the Danish Network of Health Promoting Schools are used to illustrate the thesis presented in this paper.
Measuring computer performance : A practitioner's guide

1. Introduction 2. Metrics of performance 3. Average performance and variability 4. Errors in experimental measurements 5. Comparing alternatives 6. Measurement tools and techniques 7. Benchmark programs 8. Linear regression models 9. Design of experiments 10. Simulation and random number generation 11. Queueing analysis Glossary Appendices.
Multipath TCP performance improvement in mobile network

With the widespread of mobile devices has brought a huge change in the network environment. As the amount of mobile traffic grows, the efficient use of network resource becomes an important issue. Multipath TCP (MPTCP) has been standardized in Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to increase throughput and resilience of connectivity. MPTCP can be used in most networks because it is based on TCP, and it has backward compatibility. A typical use case is a mobile device in WiFi and cellular network. To improve performance in mobile environment, we propose a new algorithm to use adaptive receive window in MPTCP (referred to as RWA-MPTCP). With our proposal, the experimental results show better performance.
Real-Time Welfare-Maximizing Regulation Allocation in Dynamic Aggregator-EVs System

The concept of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has gained recent interest as more and more electric vehicles (EVs) are put to use. In this paper, we consider a dynamic aggregator-EVs system, where an aggregator centrally coordinates a large number of dynamic EVs to provide regulation service. We propose a Welfare-Maximizing Regulation Allocation (WMRA) algorithm for the aggregator to fairly allocate the regulation amount among the EVs. Compared with previous works, WMRA accommodates a wide spectrum of vital system characteristics, including dynamics of EV, limited EV battery size, EV battery degradation cost, and the cost of using external energy sources for the aggregator. The algorithm operates in real time and does not require any prior knowledge of the statistical information of the system. Theoretically, we demonstrate that WMRA is away from the optimum by O(1/V), where V is a controlling parameter depending on EVs' battery size. In addition, our simulation results indicate that WMRA can substantially outperform a suboptimal greedy algorithm.
Dimers of G-Protein Coupled Receptors as Versatile Storage and Response Units

The status and use of transmembrane, extracellular and intracellular domains in oligomerization of heptahelical G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are reviewed and for transmembrane assemblies also supplemented by new experimental evidence. The transmembrane-linked GPCR oligomers typically have as the minimal unit an asymmetric ~180 kDa pentamer consisting of receptor homodimer or heterodimer and a G-protein αβγ subunit heterotrimer. With neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors, this assembly is converted to ~90 kDa receptor monomer-Gα complex by receptor and Gα agonists, and dimers/heteropentamers are depleted by neutralization of Gαi subunits by pertussis toxin. Employing gradient centrifugation, quantification and other characterization of GPCR dimers at the level of physically isolated and identified heteropentamers is feasible with labeled agonists that do not dissociate upon solubilization. This is demonstrated with three neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors and could apply to many receptors that use large peptidic agonists.
Efficient signaling platforms built from a small catalytic DNA and doubly labeled fluorogenic substrates

RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme 8-17 has been increasingly used in nanotechnology and biosensing applications. Conventional methods to equip 8-17 with fluorescent signaling property usually involve covalent attachment of two dyes at nucleotide positions that are far away from the catalytic core, such that the bulky dye structures would not affect the deoxyribozyme activity. However, the maximum fluorescent enhancement associated with these 8-17 constructs is typically ≤10-fold, due to a high fluorescent background. To find an optimal balance between signal enhancement and signaling speed, we have conducted a comprehensive study on the effects of the nature of dyes (Alexa Fluor 488, 546 and 647; QSY 9 and 21) as well as their attaching positions along the substrate strand on the catalytic and signaling performance of 8-17. Our results have indicated that 8-17 is able to cleave almost every modified substrate, including those that have chromophores only 1 nt away from the cleavage site. Most importantly, almost all of these substrates are able to generate 15- to 85-fold signal enhancement within 10 min. We have also provided guidelines for selecting substrates that could offer the best signal enhancement, the fastest signaling speed, or the best balance between signal enhancement and signaling speed.
Coworkers Behaving Badly: The Impact of Coworker Deviant Behavior upon Individual Employees

This article provides a review of the literature addressing the impact of coworkers’ deviant, dysfunctional, or counterproductive behaviors upon individual employees. We provide a framework for the collection of findings on this issue, revealing that coworker deviant behavior negatively impacts individual employees’ attitudes, affect, and actions through three routes: (a) direct impact, whereby an employee is the target of coworkers’ deviant behaviors; (b) vicarious impact, whereby an employee is impacted by witnessing or learning of coworkers’ deviant behaviors; and (c) ambient impact, whereby an employee is impacted by working in an environment characterized by collective coworker deviant behavior. In our discussion of these routes of influence, we outline the relevant empirical findings for and theoretical perspectives of each, as well as the moderators of these effects. We conclude our review by identifying recommended future research directions based upon our critical assessment of this literature.
THREDS: A Finite-Difference Time-Domain EMP Code in 3d Spherical Coordinates

This article illustrates the three-dimensional time-domain finite differencing of Maxwell's equations in spherical coordinates when azimuthal asymmetry is present. Problems occurring on the coordinate system axis are discussed, and the ease of implementing a radiating outer boundary in spherical coordinates is demonstrated. Sample problems show that the radiating outer boundary is usually better applied on H¿ than on E¿, and that a linearly interpolating outer boundary may be as effective as the more complicated parabolically interpolating one.
Dynamic Parameter Setting for End-to-End TCP Enhancement Schemes Over Mixed Wired/Wireless Networks

Various transmission control protocol (TCP) enhancement schemes have been proposed to improve TCP performance over mixed wired/wireless networks. A general principle of these end-to-end TCP enhancement schemes is to distinguish wireless loss from congestion loss, and to take the cause of the loss into consideration when performing TCP congestion control. However, they do not consider the ratio of congestion losses to wireless losses which significantly affects their performance, mainly in terms of their throughputs. In this paper, a new approach has been developed to address this issue. To apply the approach into an end-to-end TCP enhancement scheme, the ratio of congestion losses to wireless losses are estimated and the parameters used in the scheme are adjusted to further improve its performance. The simulation experiments showed that Veno, a popular end-to-end TCP enhancement scheme, with the new approach always outperformed the original Veno in terms of throughput and fairness, and their differences could be more than two times better.
Differential heparanase-1 expression in malignant and benign pheochromocytomas.

INTRODUCTION Extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is an essential step that allows tumor cells to penetrate a tissue barrier and become metastatic. Heparanase-1 (HPR) is an endoglycosidase that specifically degrades heparan sulfate proteoglycans, a chief component of the ECM. Previous studies have demonstrated HPR expression in various malignancies and that there is differential HPR expression between benign and malignant tumors. Currently, there is no technique that can reliably predict the malignant behavior of some pheochromocytomas. This study tests whether HPR is differentially expressed in malignant and benign pheochromocytomas. METHODS Paraffin-embedded specimens from 29 pheochromocytomas were evaluated. The tissues were collected from surgical specimens over a 10-year period from 26 patients (8 males, 18 females) with a mean age of 47 years (range 19-78 years, median 47 years). One female patient underwent 3 separate operations for malignant pheochromocytoma and thus provided 3 specimens. Another female patient had both the primary tumor and a liver metastasis processed, and therefore provided 2 specimens. Patient charts and pathology reports were reviewed to classify the pheochromocytomas as either benign or malignant. Based on clinical behavior and/or pathological evidence of metastasis or invasion into surrounding tissues, 10 specimens were malignant and 19 had benign behavior. As a control, normal adrenal tissue from 3 nephrectomy specimens was included in the study, as was tissue from 1 adrenocortical adenoma. All 33 specimens were tested for HPR gene expression by in situ hybridization (ISH) with an antisense RNA probe and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with an anti-HPR antibody. Statistical analysis was done using the chi(2) test of proportions to determine if HPR expression correlated with malignancy using ISH, IHC, or both tests together. RESULTS Using ISH, the percentage of HPR expression in the malignant pheochromocytomas was 50% while HPR expression in the benign tumors was 21% (P = 0.11). Using IHC, the percentage of HPR expression in the malignant pheochromocytomas was 80% while HPR expression in the benign tumors was 32% (P = 0.01). Considering both tests cumulatively, all 10 malignant pheochromocytomas stained positive for HPR by ISH and IHC, while only 37% of the benign tumors were positive for HPR expression (P = 0.001). The one adrenal adenoma and the 3 normal adrenal glands processed stained negative for HPR expression by both ISH and IHC. CONCLUSIONS HPR expression is higher in malignant pheochromocytomas than in benign pheochromocytomas or normal tissue. HPR may contribute to the invasive characteristics of malignant pheochromocytomas and might be used as a marker to distinguish malignant from benign pheochromocytomas. HPR expression might also be used as a prognostic tool in guiding long-term patient follow-up.
Modeling of microdischarge devices: Pyramidal structures

Microdischarge (MD) devices are plasma sources typically operating at 100s Torr to atmospheric pressure with dimensions of 10s–100s μm. Their design in based on pd (pressure×characteristic dimension) scaling; smaller dimensions are enabled by higher operating pressures with typical devices operating with pd=1–10 Torr cm. MD devices have exhibited behavior that resemble both Townsend and hollow-cathode discharges, with bulk and beam electrons providing the dominant excitation, respectively. In this article, results from a two-dimensional computational study of MD devices operating in neon using a pyramidal cathode structure are discussed. Pressures of 400–1000 Torr and device dimensions of 15–40 μm are investigated. The onset of behavior resembling negative glow discharges with decreasing pressure correlates with an extension of cathode fall accelerated beam electrons into the bulk plasma. For constant applied voltage, peak electron densities increase with increasing pressure as the beam electrons are slow.
Functional Dissection of SseF, a Membrane-Integral Effector Protein of Intracellular Salmonella enterica

During intracellular life, the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica translocates a complex cocktail of effector proteins by means of the SPI2-encoded type III secretions system. The effectors jointly modify the endosomal system and vesicular transport in host cells. SseF and SseG are two effectors encoded by genes within Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 2 and both effector associate with endosomal membranes and microtubules and are involved in the formation of Salmonella-induced filaments. Our previous deletional analyses identified protein domains of SseF required for the effector function. Here we present a detailed mutational analysis that identifies a short hydrophobic motif as functionally essential. We demonstrate that SseF and SseG are still functional if translocated as a single fusion protein, but also mediate effector function if translocated in cells co-infected with sseF and sseG strains. SseF has characteristics of an integral membrane protein after translocation into host cells.
Are sexualized women complete human beings? Why men and women dehumanize sexually objectified women

Focusing on the dehumanization of sexually objectified targets, study 1 tested the extent to which objectified and non-objectified male and female publicity photos were associated with human compared to animal concepts. Results confirmed the hypothesis that, among all targets, only objectified women were associated with less human concepts. This pattern of results emerged for both male and female participants but likely for different reasons. Study 2 directly looked at female and male participants' affinity with sexually objectified women. Results indicated that the more women distanced themselves from sexually objectified women the more they dehumanized them, whereas men's sexual attraction moderated their tendency to dehumanize female targets. In study 3, this latter motivation was operationalized as the activation of a sex goal and showed to trigger man's but not woman's dehumanization of female targets. Overall, the present set of studies show that only sexually objectified women are dehumanized by both men and women but for different reasons. Whereas sexual attraction shifts a men's focus of a female target away from her personality onto her body triggering a dehumanization process, women are more inclined to dehumanize their sexually objectified counterparts the more they distance themselves from these sexualized representations of their gender category. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical Thinking in the Third Grade

This article shares findings of how two third-grade children who have systematically studied history in grades K–3 analyzed historical sources on a topic about which they had no prior knowledge. In think-aloud interviews, the children analyzed written documents on the 1887 Dawes Severalty Act. One of the children, who tested on the third-grade level for reading, demonstrated extensive use of the sourcing heuristic and analogical thinking to contextualize and interpret the documents. Care and imagination seemed to facilitate the child's deployment of historical thinking. Both children informed their judgments about the Dawes Act by referencing the evidence. These findings suggest that curriculum, rather than age, is the strongest limit on U.S. elementary students’ engagement in historical thinking. The findings also provide evidence of gifted and talented ability in the specific domain of historical thinking and suggest that analogical thinking deserves greater attention in our efforts to understand and teach dimensions of historical interpretation.
Human-Like Adaptation of Force and Impedance in Stable and Unstable Interactions

This paper presents a novel human-like learning controller to interact with unknown environments. Strictly derived from the minimization of instability, motion error, and effort, the controller compensates for the disturbance in the environment in interaction tasks by adapting feedforward force and impedance. In contrast with conventional learning controllers, the new controller can deal with unstable situations that are typical of tool use and gradually acquire a desired stability margin. Simulations show that this controller is a good model of human motor adaptation. Robotic implementations further demonstrate its capabilities to optimally adapt interaction with dynamic environments and humans in joint torque controlled robots and variable impedance actuators, without requiring interaction force sensing.
The influence of self-efficacy beliefs for student parents attending university

Student parents (i.e. students who have their own dependent children) are a specific subpopulation of adult learners. This study investigated the impact of self-efficacy beliefs on student parents’ perceived capacity to manage multiple roles and their satisfaction with family, school and life. Survey data collected from 398 student parents enroled at four Canadian universities were analysed. Latent variable analysis was conducted using maximum likelihood estimation with robust standard errors using Mplus. Self-efficacy beliefs were found to influence student parents’ perceptions of satisfaction at school, in the family and with life in general. Perceptions of one’s capacity to manage multiple roles (i.e. school–family balance) were found to mediate the relationship between academic self-efficacy and school satisfaction as well as parental self-efficacy and family satisfaction. Furthermore, preliminary evidence is provided of unique subgroups within the student parent population based on children’s ages, partner status and enrolment status (i.e. full/part-time studies).
Dense Methods for Image Alignment with an Application to 3 D Tracking EPFL Report 197866

This survey focuses on a class of methods for image alignment based on a global, iterative optimization. We update the important survey from Baker and Matthews [2], synthetically describing the existing methods (included the recent Efficient Second Order Method, not covered by [2]), comparing their theoretical aspects, computational costs and implementation issues, and describing an example of application to 3D tracking, involving a complex, non-linear warp.
Semi-nonnegative matrix factorization with global statistical consistency for collaborative filtering

Collaborative Filtering, considered by many researchers as the most important technique for information filtering, has been extensively studied by both academic and industrial communities. One of the most popular approaches to collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms is based on low-dimensional factor models. The assumption behind such models is that a user's preferences can be modeled by linearly combining item factor vectors using user-specific coefficients. In this paper, aiming at several aspects ignored by previous work, we propose a semi-nonnegative matrix factorization method with global statistical consistency. The major contribution of our work is twofold: (1) We endow a new understanding on the generation or latent compositions of the user-item rating matrix. Under the new interpretation, our work can be formulated as the semi-nonnegative matrix factorization problem. (2) Moreover, we propose a novel method of imposing the consistency between the statistics given by the predicted values and the statistics given by the data. We further develop an optimization algorithm to determine the model complexity automatically. The complexity of our method is linear with the number of the observed ratings, hence it is scalable to very large datasets. Finally, comparing with other state-of-the-art methods, the experimental analysis on the EachMovie dataset illustrates the effectiveness of our approach.
The Role of Text Analytics and Information Retrieval in the Accounting Domain

ABSTRACT: Textual documents proliferate throughout accounting practice, and a wide variety of groups make financial decisions based on written guidance. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), along with annual corporate financial statements and other reporting narratives, are important sources of such guidance and information. This paper examines the literature in two major areas relevant to text analytics and information retrieval in the accounting domain: (1) the manual and computational content analysis of accounting narratives, accounting readability studies, and related text-mining work, and (2) the information retrieval literature stream that addresses the extraction of both text elements as well as quantities imbedded in text from accounting documents, and includes the impact of understanding the accounting lexicon upon retrieval from digital accounting documents. We use the goals in developing the GAAP Codification, as expressed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in t.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF GENE FREQUENCIES IN POPULATIONS.

The effects of the various evolutionary factors-mutation, cross breeding,. selection and inbreeding-can be reduced to common terms by considering the rates of change which they tend to bring about in the relative frequencies of alleles. ' In the absence of such factors, there is constancy of gene frequencies from the symmetry of the Mendelian mechanism. The frequency (q) of a given gene changes at the rate Aq = uq per generation under recurrent mutation of the gene to alleles at the rate u. Mutation in the opposite direction at the average rate v per generation changes the gene frequency at the rate, Aq = v(l q). If a certain gene has the frequency q in a local population but q1 in the species as a whole, exchange of the proportion m of the local population with an equal number of random individuals from the whole species leads to change of gene frequencies in the former at the rate Aq = -m(q q,). Cross breeding is, however, most likely to be with neighboring populations which differ but little in value of q. In this case the coefficient m is only a small fraction of the actual amount of exchange. There may be other complications such as selective immigration or emigration, but the above simple form will suffice here to illustrate cross breeding or migration pressure. The simplest kind of selection is that in which the heterozygote is exactly half way between the two homozygotes in the extent per individual to which it contributes to the next generation. The selective value of zygotes (relative to a certain standard) will be designated w and the mean value for a population, w.