Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA RAHASIA DAGANG MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA

Sebagai suatu bentuk HAKI suatu informasi harus memenuhi kriteria tertentu untuk dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai rahasia dagang, kriteria yang harus dipenuhi adalah bahwa informasi itu harus memiliki nilai dan sifat kerahasiaan yang dapat digunakan untuk aktifitas bisnis. Rahasia dagang yang meliputi rumus, pola, cara kerja, atau kompilasi dari informasi yang secara ekonomis dapat digunakan dalam suatu aktifitas bisnis harus pula memiliki nilai yang sifatnya memberikan kesempatan kepada pemiliknya untuk dapat menghasilkan produk dari usahanya melebihi kompetitor yang lain yang tidak mengetahui informasi rahasia itu. Kata kunci: Rahasia dagang
Design, fabrication and evaluation of a MEMS-based, Ka-band, 16-element sub-array

The Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center has been involved in an Army Technology Objective (ATO) aimed at furthering phased arrays for both tactical seekers and communication links.1,2 The ATO has been pursuing both MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) and MMIC-based phase shifters with an overall goal of of reducing missile seeker costs by 50% based on the missile mission.
Inner and Outer Capture Basin Approximation with Support Vector Machines

We propose a new approach to solve target hitting problems, that iteratively approximates capture basins at successive times, using a machine learning algorithm trained on points of a grid with boolean labels. We consider two variants of the approximation (from inside and from outside), and we state the conditions on the machine learning procedure that guarantee the convergence of the approximations towards the actual capture basin when the resolution of the grid decreases to 0. Moreover, we define a control procedure which uses the set of capture basin approximations to drive a point into the target. When using the inner approximation, the procedure guarantees to hit the target, and when the resolution of the grid tends to 0, the controller tends to the optimal one (minimizing time to hit the target). We use Support Vector Machines as a particular learning method, because they provide parsimonious approximations, from which one can derive fast and efficient controllers. We illustrate the method on two simple examples, Zermelo and car on the hill problems.
Synthesis of image patterns using bottom-up and top-down generative ConvNet

Image synthesis is a widely researched topic with applications in image analogy, image inpainting and restoration. In this paper we present a synthesis of image patterns technique to effectively reflect the characteristics of real scenery and texture by using two generative ConvNets models and unsupervised joint learning. The first generative net is a bottom-up ConvNet that maps the image to the features. The second net which is a non-linear analysis module, is designed with a top-down ConvNet that transform the latent factors to image. The pattern design problem is posed by joint training of these probabilistic models which can obtain the best synthesis by maximizing an object likelihood function. An experimental evaluation of the proposed approach has been made on publicly available datasets, Experiments showed that patterns with different styles and different color characteristics can be more efficiently generated using the new technique.
Exploratory search on mobile devices

The goal of this thesis is to provide a general framework (MobEx) for exploratory search especially on mobile devices. The central part is the design, implementation, and evaluation of several core modules for on-demand unsupervised information extraction well suited for exploratory search on mobile devices and creating the MobEx framework. These core processing elements, combined with a multitouch - able user interface specially designed for two families of mobile devices, i.e. smartphones and tablets, have been finally implemented in a research prototype. The initial information request, in form of a query topic description, is issued online by a user to the system. The system then retrieves web snippets by using standard search engines. These snippets are passed through a chain of NLP components which perform an ondemand or ad-hoc interactive Query Disambiguation, Named Entity Recognition, and Relation Extraction task. By on-demand or ad-hoc we mean the components are capable to perform their operations on an unrestricted open domain within special time constraints. The result of the whole process is a topic graph containing the detected associated topics as nodes and the extracted relation ships as labelled edges between the nodes. The Topic Graph is presented to the user in different ways depending on the size of the device she is using. Various evaluations have been conducted that help us to understand the potentials and limitations of the framework and the prototype.
Resampling approach for instance-based domain adaptation from patent domain to newspaper domain in statistical machine translation

In this paper, we investigate a resampling approach for domain adaptation from a resource-rich domain (patent domain) to a resource-scarce target domain (newspaper domain) in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). We propose two resampling methods for domain adaptation in SMT: random resampling and resampling for instance weighting. The random resampling randomly adds sentence pairs from the resource-rich parallel corpus to the target-domain parallel corpus. Instance weighting is a method which provides a weight to each sample in the resource-rich domain. The problem of instance weighting in SMT is how to provide a weight to each sentence-pair. We approximate the instance weights by resampling sentence-pairs according to the ratio of sentence-pair probabilities between the two domains. We also explore a method of selecting samples that have instance weights larger than some threshold.
Reach: An Unprecedented European Initiative for Regulating Industrial Chemicals

In February 2001, the European Commission (EC) released a White Paper, REACH 2001, detailing unique and unprecedented legislative proposals for the regulation of industrial chemicals, based on the Precautionary Principle. The object of these proposals was to reverse the escalating incidence of avoidable cancers, a wide range of other industrial diseases, and environmental contamination. However, REACH was aggressively opposed by the European and U.S. chemical industries, and even more so by the U.S. administration. The EC responded by making major concessions in its October 2003 REACH-based legislative proposals. This report critically analyzes REACH, and its 2003 revised proposals, and recommends that REACH be strengthened, not weakened. Furthermore, the report urges that regulatory policies of the United States and other industrialized nations be drastically reformed to comply with those of REACH.
Ordinal Graphical Models: A Tale of Two Approaches

Undirected graphical models or Markov random fields (MRFs) are widely used for modeling multivariate probability distributions. Much of the work on MRFs has focused on continuous variables, and nominal variables (that is, unordered categorical variables). However, data from many real world applications involve ordered categorical variables also known as ordinal variables, e.g., movie ratings on Netflix which can be ordered from 1 to 5 stars. With respect to univariate ordinal distributions, as we detail in the paper, there are two main categories of distributions; while there have been efforts to extend these to multivariate ordinal distributions, the resulting distributions are typically very complex, with either a large number of parameters, or with non-convex likelihoods. While there have been some work on tractable approximations, these do not come with strong statistical guarantees, and moreover are relatively computationally expensive. In this paper, we theoretically investigate two classes of graphical models for ordinal data, corresponding to the two main categories of univariate ordinal distributions. In contrast to previous work, our theoretical developments allow us to provide correspondingly two classes of estimators that are not only computationally efficient but also have strong statistical guarantees.
Procyanidin Induces Apoptosis of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells via JNK Activation of c-Jun

Procyanidins are polymeric flavanols found in fruits and vegetables and have shown anticarcinogenic/chemopreventive properties. We previously showed that oligomeric procyanidin extracted from apples induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma (OA) cells. To understand the mechanism of action, we determined transcriptomic changes induced by procyanidin in OA cells. Pathway analysis implicated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in eliciting these responses. Procyanidin induced the activation of JNK and p38 and the phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Inhibition of JNK but not p38 kinase activity prevented the procyanidin-induced phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun. Knockdown of the expression of JNK1, JNK2, or JUN diminished procyanidin-induced effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. c-Jun is a component of the transcription factor AP-1 and AP-1 binding sites are overrepresented in the promoters of procyanidin-induced genes. This indicates that JNK activation of c-Jun by procyanidin leads to the induction of apoptosis of OA cells and suggests a role for a c-Jun-mediated transcriptional program. These data provide a mechanistic understanding of how procyanidin specifically targets a distinct pathway involved in the induction of apoptosis in OA cells and will inform future studies investigating its use as a chemopreventive/therapeutic agent.
Biochemical, Structural and Pathophysiological Aspects of Prorenin and (Pro)renin Receptor

Our knowledge of understanding the complex role of renin angiotensin system (RAS) or RA system in human physiology has been widened for more than 100 years and it is rapidly increasing day-by-day. Over the last two decades discoveries of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), putative receptor for angiotensin (Allen et al., 2006; Aronsson et al. 1988; Bickerton & Buckley, 1961; Cooper et al., 1996; Deschepper et al., 1986; Dzau et al., 1986; Epstein et al., 1970), and (pro)renin receptor have laid the foundation of many new hypotheses in the context of their biochemical actions, physiological effects and activation of second messenger pathways. Thus, scientists have started to reconsider the complex biochemistry and physiology of RAS. The primary and main role of this system is to regulate homeostasis of body fluid that ultimately maintains the blood pressure (Kobori et al., 2006; Oparil & Haber, 1974a; Oparil & Haber; 1974b). This system catalyzes a liver product, angiotensinogen, to generate a small decapeptide, angiotensin-I (Ang-I). Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), thus, converts Ang-I into octapeptide, angiotensin-II (Ang-II). Ang-II acts directly within the central nervous system to increase blood pressure (Bickerton & Buckley, 1961). Injection of purified Ang-II peptide around the hypothalamus in rat brain stimulated thriving drinking response (Epstein et al., 1970). The physiological actions of the most potent hormone peptide are mediated via G-protein coupled angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and angiotensin II type 2 (AT2) receptors. Ang-II facilitates vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, cell hypertrophy, anti-natriuresis, fibrosis, atherosclerosis using AT1 (Ito et al., 1995) while, via AT2 receptor, the peptide elicits vasodilation, anti-proliferation, antihypertrophy, anti-fibrosis, anti-thrombosis, anti-angiogenesis (Siragy & Carey, 1997; Goto et al., 1997; Gross et al., 2000). The classical renin angiotensin system with the generation of different peptides and their physiological effects has been presented in Figure 1.
Biosynthesis of the red pigment bikaverin in Fusarium fujikuroi: genes, their function and regulation

Fusarium secondary metabolites are structurally diverse, have a variety of activities and are generally poorly understood biosynthetically. The F. fujikuroi polyketide synthase gene bik1 was previously shown to be responsible for formation of the mycelial pigment bikaverin. Here we present the characterization of five genes adjacent to bik1 as encoding a putative FAD‐dependent monooxygenase (bik2), an O‐methyltransferase (bik3), an NmrA‐like protein (bik4), a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcription factor (bik5) and an MFS transporter (bik6). Deletion of each gene resulted in total loss or significant reduction of bikaverin synthesis. Expression studies revealed that all bik genes are repressed by high amounts of nitrogen in an AreA‐independent manner and are subject to a time‐ and pH‐dependent regulation. Deletion of the pH regulatory gene pacC resulted in partial derepression while complementation with a dominant active allele resulted in repression of bik genes at acidic ambient pH. Transcription of all bik genes in strains lacking bik1, bik2 or bik3 was essentially eliminated, while transcription of some bik genes was detected in strains lacking bik4, bik5 or bik6. Thus, bikaverin synthesis is regulated by a complex regulatory network. Understanding how different factors influence the synthesis of this model secondary metabolite will aid understanding secondary metabolism in general.
A Training Program to Improve Neuromuscular Indices in Female High School Volleyball Players

Noyes, FR, Barber-Westin, SD, Smith, ST, and Campbell, T. A training program to improve neuromuscular indices in female high school volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res 25(8): 2151-2160, 2011—The purpose of this study was to determine if a sports-specific training program could improve neuromuscular indices in female high school volleyball players. We combined components from a previously published knee ligament injury prevention intervention program for jump and strength training with additional exercises and drills to improve speed, agility, overall strength, and aerobic conditioning. We hypothesized that this sports-specific training program would lead to significant improvements in neuromuscular indices in high school female volleyball players. Thirty-four athletes (age 14.5 years ± 1.0) participated in the supervised 6-week program, 3 d·wk−1 for approximately 90-120 minutes per session. The program was conducted on the school's volleyball court and weight room facilities. The athletes underwent a video drop-jump test, multistage fitness test, vertical jump test, and sit-up test before and after training. A significant increase was found in the mean &OV0312;O2max score (p < 0.001), where 73% of the athletes improved this score. A significant improvement was found in the sit-up test (p = 0.03) and in the vertical jump test (p = 0.05), where 68% of the athletes increased their scores. In the drop-jump video test, significant increases were found in both the mean absolute knee separation distance (p = 0.002) and in the mean normalized knee separation distance (p = 0.04), indicating improved lower limb alignment on landing. No athlete sustained an injury or developed an overuse syndrome during training. This program significantly improved lower limb alignment on a drop-jump test, abdominal strength, estimated maximal aerobic power, and vertical jump height and may be implemented in high school female volleyball programs.
Incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates by rabbit blastocysts

Preimplantation rabbit embryos collected at the early morula stage were cultured to blastocysts in the presence of [3H]inositol. The blastocysts were lysed, and both the aqueous and lipid portions were analysed for incorporated radioactivity. Thin‐layer chromatographic separation of the lipid portion indicated that [3H]inositol was incorporated into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate, and phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate. HPLC anion‐exchange chromatography indicated that [3H]inositol was incorporated into inositol phosphates, including the two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5‐tetrakisphosphate, and also inositol monophosphate and inositol 1,4‐bisphosphate. These results provide evidence that rabbit blastocysts may have an active phosphatidylinositol second messenger system, which may be responsive to intrauterine factors or intraembryonic paracrine factors. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rickettsia Species Infecting Amblyomma cooperi Ticks from an Area in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, Where Brazilian Spotted Fever Is Endemic

ABSTRACT Owing to the potential role of the tick Amblyomma cooperi in the enzootic cycle of Rickettsia rickettsii, the etiologic agent of Brazilian spotted fever (BSF), this study evaluated infection by Rickettsia species in A. cooperi ticks collected from an area in Brazil where BSF is endemic. Among a total of 40 A. cooperi adult ticks collected in an area of BSF endemicity in the state of São Paulo, PCR analysis detected DNA of Rickettsia bellii in 16 ticks (40%), and 3 other ticks (7.5%) were positive for a previously unidentified spotted-fever-group (SFG) rickettsia. Cultivation in Vero cell cultures by the shell vial technique with individual A. cooperi ticks resulted in two isolates of R. bellii and one isolate genotypically characterized as an SFG rickettsia. The two R. bellii isolates were established in Vero cell cultures in the laboratory and were confirmed to be R. bellii by molecular analysis of the gltA and 17-kDa protein-encoding genes and by electron microscopic analysis. The SFG rickettsial isolate could not be stably passaged in cell culture in the laboratory, but molecular analysis of early passages suggested that it was closely related to Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia africae, and Rickettsia sibirica. These results do not support the role of A. cooperi in the ecology of R. rickettsii in the area studied, but they add two more species of rickettsiae to the poorly developed list of species occurring in ticks in South America.
RIPPLELAB: A Comprehensive Application for the Detection, Analysis and Classification of High Frequency Oscillations in Electroencephalographic Signals

High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) in the brain have been associated with different physiological and pathological processes. In epilepsy, HFOs might reflect a mechanism of epileptic phenomena, serving as a biomarker of epileptogenesis and epileptogenicity. Despite the valuable information provided by HFOs, their correct identification is a challenging task. A comprehensive application, RIPPLELAB, was developed to facilitate the analysis of HFOs. RIPPLELAB provides a wide range of tools for HFOs manual and automatic detection and visual validation; all of them are accessible from an intuitive graphical user interface. Four methods for automated detection—as well as several options for visualization and validation of detected events—were implemented and integrated in the application. Analysis of multiple files and channels is possible, and new options can be added by users. All features and capabilities implemented in RIPPLELAB for automatic detection were tested through the analysis of simulated signals and intracranial EEG recordings from epileptic patients (n = 16; 3,471 analyzed hours). Visual validation was also tested, and detected events were classified into different categories. Unlike other available software packages for EEG analysis, RIPPLELAB uniquely provides the appropriate graphical and algorithmic environment for HFOs detection (visual and automatic) and validation, in such a way that the power of elaborated detection methods are available to a wide range of users (experts and non-experts) through the use of this application. We believe that this open-source tool will facilitate and promote the collaboration between clinical and research centers working on the HFOs field. The tool is available under public license and is accessible through a dedicated web site.
Facilitation of myocardial PI3K/Akt/nNOS signaling contributes to ethanol-evoked hypotension in female rats.

BACKGROUND The mechanism by which ethanol reduces cardiac output (CO) and blood pressure (BP) in female rats remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that enhancement of myocardial phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling and related neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and/or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity constitutes a cellular mechanism for the hemodynamic effects of ethanol. METHODS We measured the level of phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS) and p-nNOS in the myocardium of ethanol (1 g/kg intragastric, i.g.) treated female rats along with hemodynamic responses [BP, CO, stroke volume, (SV), total peripheral resistance, (TPR)], and myocardial nitrate/nitrite levels (NOx) levels. Further, we investigated the effect of selective pharmacological inhibition of nNOS with N(omega)-propyl-l-arginine (NPLA) or eNOS with N(5)-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine (l-NIO) on cellular, hemodynamic, and biochemical effects of ethanol. The effects of PI3K inhibition by wortmannin on the cardiovascular actions of ethanol and myocardial Akt phosphorylation were also investigated. RESULTS The hemodynamic effects of ethanol (reductions in BP, CO, and SV) were associated with significant increases in myocardial NOx and myocardial p-nNOS and p-Akt expressions while myocardial p-eNOS remained unchanged. Prior nNOS inhibition by NPLA (2.5 or 12.5 microg/kg) attenuated hemodynamic effects of ethanol and abrogated associated increases in myocardial NOx and cardiac p-nNOS contents. The hemodynamic effects of ethanol and increases in myocardial p-Akt phosphorylation were reduced by wortmannin (15 microg/kg). On the other hand, although eNOS inhibition by l-NIO (4 or 20 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner attenuated ethanol-evoked hypotension, the concomitant reductions in CO and SV remained unaltered. Also, selective eNOS inhibition uncovered dramatic increases in TPR in response to ethanol, which appeared to have offset the reduction in CO. Neither NPLA nor l-NIO altered plasma ethanol levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings implicate the myocardial PI3K/Akt/nNOS signaling in the reductions in BP and CO produced by ethanol in female rats.
Effects of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the OmegAD study.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are two key mechanisms suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FAs) found in fish and fish oil have several biological properties that may be beneficial in AD. However, they may also auto-oxidize and induce in vivo lipid peroxidation. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate systemic oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers following oral supplementation of dietary ω-3 FA. METHODS Forty patients with moderate AD were randomized to receive 1.7 g DHA (22:6) and 0.6 g EPA (20:5) or placebo for 6 months. Urinary samples were collected before and after supplementation. The levels of the major F2-isoprostane, 8-iso-PGF2α, a consistent in vivo biomarker of oxidative stress, and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α, a major metabolite of PGF2α and biomarker of inflammatory response, were measured. RESULTS F2-isoprostane in urine increased in the placebo group after 6 months, but there was no clear difference in treatment effect between supplemented and non-supplemented patients on the urinary levels of F2-isoprostanes and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α. At baseline, the levels of 15-keto-dihydro-PGF2α showed negative correlative relationships to ω-3 FAs, and a positive correlation to linoleic acid. 8-iso-PGF2α correlated negatively to the ω-6 FA arachidonic acid. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that supplementation of ω-3 FAs to patients with AD for 6 months does not have a clear effect on free radical-mediated formation of F2-isoprostane or cyclooxygenase-mediated formation of prostaglandin F2α. The correlative relationships to FAs indicate a potential role of FAs in immunoregulation.