Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction and progression of human lymphoproliferative lesions by Epstein-Barr virus.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in numerous lymphoproliferative diseases. In addition to classical lesions such as endemic Burkitt's lymphoma and infectious mononucleosis, there are other disorders of the lymphoid system that are discussed in relation to EBV: B-cell lymphomas in immunosuppressed individuals. Hodgkin's disease and, to some extent, primary extranodal lymphomas. Studies of the EBV expression in classical and nonclassical lesions could lead to the better understanding of different EBV mechanisms in lymphomagenesis. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 2.
E cient Use of Exact

Propp and Wilson (1996,1998) described a protocol called coupling from the past (CFTP) for exact sampling from the steady-state distribution of a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) process. In it a past time is identiied from which the paths of coupled Markov chains starting at every possible state would have coalesced into a single value by the present time; this value is then a sample from the steady-state distribution. Unfortunately, producing an exact sample typically requires a large computational eeort. We consider the question of how to make eecient use of the sample values that are generated. In particular, we make use of regeneration events (cf. Mykland et al., 1995) to aid in the analysis of MCMC runs. In a regeneration event, the chain is in a xed reference distribution; this allows the chain to be broken up into a series of tours which are independent, or nearly so (though they do not represent draws from the true stationary distribution). In this paper we consider using the CFTP and related algorithms to create tours. In some cases their elements are exactly in the stationary distribution; their length may be xed or random. This allows us to combine the precision of exact sampling with the eeciency of using entire tours. Several algorithms and estimators are proposed and analysed.
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The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Morus cathayana and Morus multicaulis, and comparative analysis within genus Morus L ABSTRACT Trees in the Morus genera belong to the Moraceae family. To better understand the species status of genus Morus and to provide information for studies on evolutionary biology within the genus, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of M. cathayana and M. multicaulis were sequenced. The plastomes of the two species are 159,265 bp and 159,103 bp, respectively, with corresponding 83 and 82 simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Similar to the SSRs of M. mongolica and M. indica cp genomes, more than 70% are mononucleotides, ten are in coding regions, and one exhibits nucleotide content polymorphism. Results for codon usage and relative synonymous codon usage show a strong bias towards NNA and NNT codons in the two cp genomes. Analysis of a plot of the effective number of codons (ENc) for five Morus spp. cp genomes showed that most genes follow the standard curve, but several genes have ENc values below the expected curve. The results indicate that both natural selection and mutational bias have contributed to the codon bias. Ten highly variable regions were identified among the five Morus spp. cp genomes, and 154 single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation events were accurately located in the gene coding region.
T Cell Antigen Receptor Vaccines for Active Therapy of T Cell Malignancies

Abstract: T cell lymphoproliferative disorders continue to be serious management problems, and so alternative therapeutic modalities are continuously being explored. One such strategy involves immunotherapy using the T cell receptor (TCR) as a target. Specifically we are attempting to develop a T cell receptor idiotype (TCR‐Id) vaccine because the TCR‐Id can serve as a tumor‐specific antigen. In this article we will briefly review the rationale for TCR‐Id vaccines, the preclinical models as developed in our laboratory, and a discussion of our current plans for a vaccine trial in mycosis fungoides.
A GMM based 2-stage architecture for multi-subject emotion recognition using physiological responses

There is a trend these days to add emotional characteristics as new features into human-computer interaction to equip machines with more intelligence when communicating with humans. Besides traditional audio-visual techniques, physiological signals provide a promising alternative for automatic emotion recognition. Ever since Dr. Picard and colleagues brought forward the initial concept of physiological signals based emotion recognition, various studies have been reported following the same system structure. In this paper, we implemented a novel 2-stage architecture of the emotion recognition system in order to improve the performance when dealing with multi-subject context. This type of system is more realistic practical implementation. Instead of directly classifying data from all the mixed subjects, one step was added ahead to transform a traditional subject-independent case into several subject-dependent cases by classifying new coming sample into each existing subject model using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). For simultaneous classification on four affective states, the correct classification ration (CCR) shows significant improvement from 80.7% to over 90% which supports the feasibility of the system.
Likelihood-based estimation of periodicities in symbolic sequences

In this work, we propose a method of estimating periodicities in symbolic sequences, allowing for arbitrary, finite, symbol sets. Different from other common approaches, that often map the symbolic sequence to a numerical representation, we here exploit a likelihood-based formulation to represent the periodic behavior of the sequence. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated on both simulated and real DNA data, showing a notable performance gain as compared to other common estimators.
Robust endmember extraction in the presence of anomalies

Most available methods for endmember extraction use the convexity of the data structure and consider the vertices of the data as the purest pixels. Such methods do not consider the applicability of the linear mixing model once the endmembers have been extracted. Thus they might return false endmem-bers if the data contain outliers such as anomalies. In this paper we tackle this problem by identifying endmembers in a robust way, separating them from outliers. We tested the proposed algorithm with real and synthetic data and compared it with the VCA, SGA and N-FINDR algorithms, showing better and more robust endmember extraction.
Sodium Chloride Increases Aβ Levels by Suppressing Aβ Clearance in Cultured Cells

Recent studies suggest that high-salt diet is associated with cognitive decline in human and mouse. The fact that genetic factors account for less than 50% cases of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) highlights the important contribution of environmental factors, such as high-salt diet, in AD pathogenesis. However, whether and how high-salt diet fits the “amyloid cascade” hypothesis remains unexplored. Here, we show sodium chloride (NaCl) could increase Aβ levels in the medium of HEK293 cells overexpressing amyloid precursor protein (APP) or C99 fragment. NaCl treatment dose not affect APP level, gamma secretase level or activity. Instead, NaCl treatment suppresses the capacity of cells to clear Aβ and reduces Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) level. Finally, NaCl treated THP-1 or BV2 cells are inefficient in clearing Aβ when co-cultured with rat primary neurons. Our study suggests that high-salt diet may increase AD risk by directly modulating Aβ levels.
Textons for 3D Binary Data with Applications to Classifying Cancellous Bone

Changes to bone density (BV/TV) due to ageing or diseases such as osteoporosis is well documented. Changes in the structure of cancellous bone are less well understood. In addition, changes in structure as a function of distance from the growth plate have not received much attention. One obstacle in studying structure changes is in quantifying the irregular shapes of trabeculae that constitute cancellous bone. Here, the method of texons, originally developed for texture analysis in images, is adapted to characterise patterns in three-dimensional binary data and used to characterise the structure of cancellous bone. Analysis of micro-CT scans of tibias from 30 growing rats in three experimental groups indicate that texton based structure characteristics are able to distinguish structure of cancellous bone both in the different treatment groups and as a function of distance from the epiphyseal growth plate.
Syllable Speech Recognition Output Post-Processing Based on Models of Acoustics , Phonetics and Lexicon

The paper presents advances in a multi-level automatic speech understanding approach that is initially developed for highly inflective languages with relatively free word order. Two levels are considered. On the first level it is applied a syllablebased grammar phoneme recognizer, which output is postprocessed at the second level. The described model of postprocessing involves acoustic and phonetic features together with lexicon. The ways to select a set of sub-word units like syllables and multispeaker corpus used in experimental research are considered. Experimental results, problems and future research are discussed.
Bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation as a potential novel therapeutic tool

The aim of the current study was to assess the safety of bronchoscopy-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and compare the effectiveness between new internal cooled-RFA and standard noncooled-RFA. Normal lungs from sheep were used (n = 6). Internal cooled-RFA and standard noncooled-RFA were set to assess the most suitable RFA conditions, such as power output, flow rate and ablation time. Internal cooled-RFA was then applied under the most optimal conditions of power output and flow rate for 15, 30, 60 and 120 s, and two water temperatures either room temperature (RT) water or cold water. Criteria for the most appropriate conditions were set over 15 s of ablation time and 50°C of the tip's temperature. Internal cooled-RFA had no complications. Standard noncooled-RFA was complicated with bronchial bleeding after RFA. On the basis of the histological findings, average temperature and average output, the most appropriate conditions of the cooled-RFA were a power output of 30 W and flow rate of 30 or 40 mL·min−1. The cooled-RFA using cold water caused a smaller, more discrete, lesion compared with that using RT water. Bronchoscopy-guided internal cooled-radiofrequency ablation was an effective, safe and feasible procedure that could become a potential therapeutic tool in managing lung pathology.
The Family Portal: Combining IMS and the Web

With IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), operators can provide users with converged and advanced services. IMS lets users accessing services independently of the communicating device, hence providing real convergence of services. This paper presents an application which integrates the Web 2.0 technologies with IMS. This novel application called Family Portal facilitates an IMS Voice solution that is ubiquitously available on heterogeneous devices, fixed and mobile alike. The solution includes an innovative device, the IMS Smartdongle that allows the user to make phone call from any PC by simply inserting the Smartdongle into the USB port. The user can initiate calls using a contact list also hosted by the Smartdongle. Calls can also be made via a Web page accessed by a browser on the mobile phone. The Family Portal would hopefully improve communications between family members.
Two phase wormhole detection approach for dynamic wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor network has emergence in various fields, so security is very important issue for sensor networks. Security comes from attacks. Due to the wireless and distributed nature anyone can connect with the network. Among all possible attacks, wormholes are very hard to detect because they can cause damage to the network without knowing the protocols used in the network. It is a powerful attack that can be conducted without requiring any cryptographic breaks. Detecting wormhole attack is very hard. The reason is that they use a private channel and that is not visible by other sensor nodes. In the literature, for wormhole attack detection most of the authors have considered static wireless sensor network. In this paper we have proposed two phase detection techniques for wormhole attack in dynamic senor networks. Results indicate that the proposed approach has good detection accuracy.
Non-preemptive Fuzzy Classification Algorithm for Non-traditional Safety-Critical Systems

Non-traditional safety-critical systems are widely used in transportation control, banking and financial systems, and the management of water systems, which have different characteristics with traditional safety-critical systems. In those systems, tasks cannot be determined as critical or non-critical apparently but a few failures of some tasks are acceptable. This paper establishes a new schedule model for Non-traditional safety-critical systems and proposes a non-preemptive fuzzy classification (NFC) algorithm. NFC is consisted of two phrases, called initialized step and execution step. Afterwards, NFC and MUF are compared based on sample tasks abstracted from an existing financial system. It is concluded that NFC has fewer failed tasks and similar performance.
IDENTIFICATION OF TIMED DISCRETE-EVENT MODELS FOR DIAGNOSIS

The paper deals with the discrete–event modelling of dynamical systems. The system inputs and outputs can only be qualitatively measured. The timed automaton is used as the discrete–event representation of such systems. The diagnosis is based on the investigation whether the qualitative input/output sequences obtained from the system are consistent with the timed automaton. The paper shows how the timed automaton can be set up by qualitative identification using a set of measurement data. The information included in the timed automaton is used for fault detection and identification. The results are applied to an industrial actuator.
Detecting Social Positions Using Simulation

Describing social positions and roles is an important topic within social network analysis. One approach is to compute a suitable equivalence relation on the nodes of the target network. One relation that is often used for this purpose is regular equivalence, or bisimulation, as it is known within the field of computer science. In this paper we consider a relation from computer science called simulation relation. Simulation creates a partial order on the set of actors in a network and we can use this order to identify actors that have characteristic properties. The simulation relation can also be used to compute simulation equivalence which is a less restrictive equivalence relation than regular equivalence but is still computable in polynomial time. This paper primarily considers weighted directed networks and we present definitions of both weighted simulation equivalence and weighted regular equivalence. Weighted networks can be used to model a number of network domains, including information flow, trust propagation, and communication channels. Many of these domains have applications within homeland security and in the military, where one wants to survey and elicit key roles within an organization. Identifying social positions can be difficult when the target organization lacks a formal structure or is partially hidden.
Subjectivity detection in spoken and written conversations

Abstract In this work we investigate four subjectivity and polarity tasks on spoken and written conversations. We implement and compare several pattern-based subjectivity detection approaches, including a novel technique wherein subjective patterns are learned from both labeled and unlabeled data, using n-gram word sequences with varying levels of lexical instantiation. We compare the use of these learned patterns with an alternative approach of using a very large set of raw pattern features. We also investigate how these pattern-based approaches can be supplemented and improved with features relating to conversation structure. Experimenting with meeting speech and email threads, we find that our novel systems incorporating varying instantiation patterns and conversation features outperform state-of-the-art systems despite having no recourse to domain-specific features such as prosodic cues and email headers. In some cases, such as when working with noisy speech recognizer output, a small set of well-motivated conversation features performs as well as a very large set of raw patterns.
Moral Hazard under the Japanese “ Convoy ” Banking System

This paper examines a banking regime similar to the " convoy " scheme which prevailed in Japan through most of the 1990s. Insolvent banks are merged with solvent banks rather than closed, with the acquiring banks required to accept negative value banks at zero value. I demonstrate that a convoy scheme effectively taxes the acquiring bank and increases moral hazard by reducing bank effort towards enhancing its portfolio, even relative to a fixed-premium deposit insurance system, for negative value banks. However, for positive bank charter values, which are retained under the convoy scheme and lost under the deposit insurance program, these effects may be mitigated or even overturned. I also find that the rules governing the convoy scheme can affect bank behavior. I compare two convoy regimes, one where acquiring banks are chosen at random and one where the weakest banks are paired with the strongest banks. Simulations reveal that the disparities in bank effort between the two convoy regimes are greater than those between the convoy regimes and the fixed-premium deposit insurance regime. I confirm the theoretical result above that the bank effort under either convoy program is increasing in bank charter value. Perhaps the greatest puzzle in international finance over the previous decade has been the continued disappointing performance of the Japanese banking system. With the collapse of the " bubble economy " of the 1980s, Japan's banking sector experienced heavy losses, from which recovery has been extremely slow. As of September 1998, estimates of bad loans in Japan's banking sector still exceeded 7 percent of GDP (Hoshi and Kashyap 1999). In this paper, I examine whether the prevailing regulatory regime in Japan's banking sector through most of the 1990s may have played a role in the sector's slow movement towards recovery. In particular, I examine the Japanese " convoy " system, under which the burden of maintaining the Japanese deposit safety net was to some extent placed on the banking industry as a whole. I first review the recent history of bank failures in Japan and demonstrate that banks were called upon to assist with failures, particularly systemic failures and those which occurred after the funds of the Japanese Deposit Insurance Corporation (DIC) were effectively exhausted in the mid-1990s. I then introduce a simple theoretical model of bank lending under such a convoy system and compare bank behavior under that model to a standard self-financing fixed-premium deposit …
Titles change the esthetic appreciations of paintings

Esthetic experiences of artworks are influenced by contextualizing information such as titles. However, how titles contribute to positive esthetic experiences is still an open issue. Considering that fluency, as well as effortful elaborate processing, potentially influence esthetic experiences, we tested how three different title types—semantically matching (fluent), semantically non-matching (non-fluent), and an “untitled” condition (control)—affected experiences of abstract, semi-abstract, and representational art. While participants viewed title/artwork combinations we assessed facial electromygraphic (fEMG) recordings over M. corrugator supercilii and M. zygomaticus major muscle to capture subtle changes in emotional and cognitive processing, and asked for subjective liking and interest. Matching titles, but also the more effortful untitled condition, produced higher liking compared to non-fluently processed, non-matching titles especially in abstract art. These results were reflected in fEMG with stronger M. corrugator activations in the non-matching condition followed by the untitled condition. This implies high cognitive effort as well as negative emotions. Only in the matching condition, M. zygomaticus was more strongly activated indicating positive emotions due to fluency. Interest, however, was hardly affected. These results show that high levels of dis-fluency and cognitive effort reduce liking. However, fluency as well as moderate levels of effort contribute to more positive esthetic experiences.
Clinical evaluation of the Nucleus® 6 cochlear implant system: Performance improvements with SmartSound iQ

Abstract Objective: This paper provides a detailed description of the Nucleus 6 system, and clinically evaluates user performance compared to the previous Nucleus 5 system in cochlear implant recipients. Additionally, it clinically evaluates a range of Nucleus 6 and Nucleus 5 programs to determine the performance benefits provided by new input processing technologies available in SmartSound iQ. Design: Speech understanding tests were used to clinically validate the default Nucleus 6 program, by comparing performance outcomes against up to five custom Nucleus 5 or Nucleus 6 programs in a range of listening environments. Clinical comparisons between programs were conducted across the following listening environments; quiet, speech weighted noise (co-located and spatially separated noise), and 4-talker babble (co-located and spatially separated noise). Study sample: Twenty-one adult cochlear implant recipients participated. Results: Significant speech understanding benefits were found with the default Nucleus 6 program compared to the participants’ preferred program using their Nucleus 5 processor and compared to a range of custom Nucleus 6 programs. All participants successfully accepted and upgraded to the new default Nucleus 6 SmartSound iQ program. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the acceptance and clinical benefits of the Nucleus 6 cochlear implant system and SmartSound iQ.
Factor-Specific Productivity

Economists examine two types of variables when studying aggregate production and economic growth. Some of these variables are directly productive factors (physical capital, labor and human capital), while other variables aren’t productive themselves, but affect production indirectly. I introduce an approach for studying indirect inputs by allowing them to affect output in three ways: by changing TFP, by changing the productivity of individual productive factors (Factor-Specific Productivity), and by changing the rates at which productive factors are accumulated. My model finds that indirect inputs have strong effects on the productivity of specific productive factors. My model outperforms a model which includes the same indirect inputs only as determinants of TFP. Increases in indirect inputs are found to lead to future growth in the supply of direct inputs. Additionally, my model has more empirically realistic implications for returns to scale and convergence than traditional neo-classical models.
A Sequential Pattern Mining algorithm with time constraints based on vertical format

An improved algorithm called MSPVF (Mining Sequential Patterns using Time-Constraint based on Vertical Format) based on Apriori is presented. Time constraints is added on Apriori algorithm in order to enhance users' satisfaction,. Meanwhile, a new five-tuple list object is used by the MSPVF algorithm to store data in vertical format to simplify the mining process. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm MSPVF is more efficient than the improved GSP algorithm based on AprioriAll.