Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of a method for estimating the probability of detecting fish through a hydroacoustic beam

Active hydroacoustic sampling techniques are widely used to monitor fish densities and behavior in aquatic environments. Since the 1970's, this technology has been used to assess a wide range of fisheries-related questions, including upstream and downstream migrations, stock assessments, behavioral evaluations, and others. When properly applied, hydroacoustics is a powerful and effective fisheries assessment tool, providing high sampling coverage that is unobtrusive and nonselective. Like any sampling technique, an understanding of the factors potentially influencing the ability to detect organisms and quantify the sampled volumes with a hydroacoustic system enhances the ability to accurately interpret the results and derive quantitative estimates. Several factors can affect the probability of detecting fish using hydroacoustics. These include: 1) the sampling environment; 2) hydroacoustic system data collection methodology and parameters; and 3) characteristics and distribution of the fish being monitored. Interactions between these factors can influence both the ability to detect fish of a given minimum size and the effective sampling volume of the hydroacoustic system. This paper describes methods for estimating the probability of detecting a fish within a hydroacoustic beam under different conditions. Examples demonstrating the effect of each of these parameters on the ability to detect fish using hydroacoustics are presented.
How to Select Optimal Gateway in Multi-Domain Wireless Networks: Alternative Solutions without Learning

Gateways are a crucial part of wireless networks. In multi-domain wireless networks, the existing solution to the problem of optimal gateway selection is based on distributed learning. While such a solution is interesting and useful, it has a fundamental limitation: the learning algorithm may stay for long time in a Nash Equilibrium that does not correspond to the optimal gateway selection. This stay can be so long that people can hardly wait for the convergence of the learning algorithm to the optimal gateway selection. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the gateway selection problem. We distinguish three cases and present an alternative solution to the problem in each of these cases: for public link costs, an algorithm to compute the optimal gateway selection directly; for two domains with private link costs, a cryptographic protocol; for three or more domains with private link costs, a perturbation-based protocol. In all the three cases, our solutions accurately compute the optimal gateway selection within reasonable amounts of time, although we emphasize that our solutions are NOT improvements to the gateway selection solutions based on distributed learning (mainly because our solutions are centralized instead of distributed).
Effect of cathepsin B on thymocyte apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

AIM To further investigate the mechanism of the thymus dysfunction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS The location of cathepsin B expression was determined by in situ hybridization. The expression of cathepsin B was analyzed by Northern blot, and thymocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and flow cytometer, respectively. RESULTS The expression of cathepsin B in thymus paralleled with thymocyte apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Cathepsin B transcripts were located in the plasma of thymocytes and were more over-expressed of 6- and 8-week-old SHR than those in the thymus of WKY. CONCLUSION Thymocyte apoptosis in SHR is increased and this phenomenon is associated with the expression of cathepsin B.
Comparative analysis of manifold learning algorithms for tomographic sensor processing

Electrical Impedance Tomography sensors are non-intrusive sensors used to estimate conductivity fields. These estimates are based on a set of measured induced voltages generated by some currents injected to the process. Processing the measurements of an EIT sensor to estimate the underlying changes in the conductivity field requires the use of high dimensional models and solve a nonlinear optimization problem. In some applications the changes in the conductivity are due to changes in just a couple of factors, and therefore the sensor output can be described by a set of variables lying in a lower dimensional space. Manifold Learning Algorithms can learn these low dimensional spaces embedded in the measurement space. In this work, three popular MLA are analyzed as tools to discover manifolds in the EIT measuring space. Several simulations and experimental results show that Laplacian eigenmap algorithm is a suitable MLA for this type of applications.
SIDS - A system for enterprise-wide Intrusion Detection

In this paper we present the design and implementation of SIDS, the Simple Intrusion Detection System. The main focus in the design of SIDS was to try to overcome the design shortcomings that hinder most currently available intrusion detection systems. Such shortcomings include limited scalability, proprietary intercommunication protocols among the systems nodes and difficult updating procedures. To that effect our system implements a highly scalable distributed architecture that consists of various-level entities, such as sensors, collectors and analyzers. The processing load is spread among the system's nodes and audit information is aggregated as it travels from lower level entities to higher level ones. Furthermore, the system uses SNMPv3 as the default protocol for the communications between collectors and analyzers. This way, it can be easily integrated with traditional Network Management Systems (NMS), and the semantics of its operation can be easily comprehended by most network administrators. It can currently detect UDP or TCP packet flooding, TCP and UDP port scanning, attempts to retrieve various system files containing sensitive information, etc. We are in the process of implementing the ability to detect a wide range of intrusions by fingerprinting and monitoring various system daemons.
Tempo of trophic evolution and its impact on mammalian diversification

Mammals are characterized by the complex adaptations of their dentition, which are an indication that diet has played a critical role in their evolutionary history. Although much attention has focused on diet and the adaptations of specific taxa, the role of diet in large-scale diversification patterns remains unresolved. Contradictory hypotheses have been proposed, making prediction of the expected relationship difficult. We show that net diversification rate (the cumulative effect of speciation and extinction), differs significantly among living mammals, depending upon trophic strategy. Herbivores diversify fastest, carnivores are intermediate, and omnivores are slowest. The tempo of transitions between the trophic strategies is also highly biased: the fastest rates occur into omnivory from herbivory and carnivory and the lowest transition rates are between herbivory and carnivory. Extant herbivore and carnivore diversity arose primarily through diversification within lineages, whereas omnivore diversity evolved by transitions into the strategy. The ability to specialize and subdivide the trophic niche allowed herbivores and carnivores to evolve greater diversity than omnivores.
A delayed-action classifier system for learning in temporal environments

This paper describes a modified version of the traditional classifier system called the Delayed Action Classifier System (DACS) which has been conceived for learning in environments that exhibit a rich temporal structure. DACS operates by delaying the action of appropriately tagged classifiers (called 'delayed-action classifiers') by a number of execution cycles which is encoded on the action part of these classifiers. This modification allows the rule discovery strategy, in many instances a genetic algorithm, to simultaneously explore the spaces of action (what to do) and time (when to do it). Results of initial experiments, which appear encouraging, of applying DACS to a prediction problem are presented, and the possible application of the delayed-action idea to learning in real-time environments is discussed. <<ETX>>
A Novel Cdc42-interacting Domain of the Yeast Polarity Establishment Protein Bem1

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Rho-type small GTPase Cdc42 is activated by its guanine-nucleotide exchange factor Cdc24 to polarize the cell for budding and mating. A multidomain protein Bem1 interacts not only with Cdc42 but also with Cdc24 and the effectors of Cdc42, including the p21-activated kinase Ste20, to function as a scaffold for cell polarity establishment. Although Bem1 interacts with Cdc24 and Ste20 via its PB1 and the second SH3 domains (SH3b), respectively, it is unclear how Bem1 binds Cdc42. Here we show that a region comprising the SH3b and its C-terminal flanking segment termed CI (SH3b-CI) directly interacts with Cdc42. A dual-bait reverse two-hybrid approach revealed that the CI is critical to the interaction: N253D substitution in the CI abolishes the binding of the SH3b-CI to Cdc42 but not to the proline-rich region of Ste20, whereas W192K substitution in the SH3b has the opposite effect. Nevertheless, the SH3b-CI interacts with Ste20 proline-rich region and Cdc42 in a mutually exclusive manner. The N253D substitution renders cellular growth temperature-sensitive and suppresses mating. The W192K-induced mating defect is exacerbated by the N253D substitution and suppressed by increasing the dosage of Ste20 provided that the CI is intact. Intriguingly, Cdc42 can mediate an indirect interaction of the SH3b-CI to the CRIB domain of Ste20. These results suggest that the SH3b and the CI collaborate in tethering of Ste20 to Bem1 to ensure efficient mating pheromone signaling.
Low Complexity Architecture for Multiplicative Inversion in GF(2m)

The multiplicative inversion in finite field is much more complex than all field arithmetic operations. In this paper, a design of a simpler inversion module with lower complexity in GF(2m) using standard basis is proposed. It has the major improvement comparing with the design proposed by Wang et al. and Dinh et al. The implementations of those algorithms are examined in detail using 0.18-mum CMOS technology. The proposed method results in reduction of area requirement by 28% to 48% when m is between 3 and 12
Debtor Rights, Credit Supply, and Innovation

Firms’ innovative activities can be sensitive to public policies that affect the availability of capital for risky projects. In this paper, we investigate the effects of regional and temporal variation in U.S. personal bankruptcy laws on firms’ innovative activities. We find bankruptcy laws that provide stronger debtor protection decrease the number of patents produced by small firms. Stronger debtor protection also decreases the average quality, and variance in quality, of firms’ patents. We find evidence that the negative effect of stronger debtor protection on experimentation and innovation may be due to the decreased availability of external finance in response to stronger debtor rights — an effect amplified in industries with a high dependence on external finance. Hence, while it is typically assumed that stronger debtor protection encourages innovation by reducing the cost of failure for innovators, we show that it can instead dampen innovative activities by tightening the availability of external finance to innovators.
Vascular Stains and Hair Collar Sign Associated with Congenital Anomalies of the Scalp

Abstract: We reported a series of three meningothelial hamartomas, one benign fibrous tumor, and one aplasia cutis congenita presenting with the hair collar sign and a coexistent vascular stain. Our series highlighted the importance of coexisting cutaneous markers found in the newborn period. The presence of a vascular stain and hair collar sign with or without a congenital scalp nodule should increase suspicion of an associated cranial dysraphism.
Trisomy 22pter-q12.3 presenting with hepatic dysfunction variability of cat-eye syndrome

We describe the clinical characteristics of two patients with cat-eye syndrome (CES, MIM #115470) resulting from a supernumerary marker chromosome that includes 22pter-q12.3. They both presented a constellation of features typical of CES, including coloboma, auricular malformations, heart and renal anomalies, as well as hepatic dysfunction, which led to severe effects. In one case Pierre Robin sequence was diagnosed which has not been described earlier in this trisomy. Although CES is a well known, but infrequently diagnosed disorder, we draw attention both to its clinical overlaps with other disorders and, in view of the clinical variability being identified within the 22q11 region, to the importance of careful molecular examination of proximal 22q in patients with suggestive clinical signs.
Model-order reduction of kth order MIMO dynamical systems using block kth order Krylov subspaces

In this article, we study numerical methods for model-order reduction of large-scale kth order multi-input multi-output dynamical systems. We propose a new structure-preserving projection method, of which the projection subspace is a block kth order Krylov subspace based on a square matrix sequence and an initial rectangle matrix. A procedure, named as block kth order Arnoldi process, is presented for establishing an orthonormal basis of the projection subspace. Moreover, we show that the reduced system constructed by the new method has the same order of approximation as the standard block Krylov subspace method via linearization. Numerical experiments report the effectiveness of this method.
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN THE MOBILE TELECOM INDUSTRY IN BAHRAIN: ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES

This study sheds some light on the importance and consequences of satisfaction in the competitive telecom industry in Bahrain. The factors related to payments and savings (such as offers, rents, charges) are the most significant in determining satisfaction, retention, and likelihood of switching from one mobile provider to another. Conversely, intercommunication factors (such as customer service, friendly employees, user-friendly websites) were found to be the least significant. A significant positive relationship was found between satisfaction and retention while a poor association was noticed between satisfaction/retention and loyalty.
Phosphodiesterase inhibition in ventricular cardiomyocytes from guinea‐pig hearts

1 The present study compared the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities in cardiomyocytes and ventricular cardiac tissue from guinea‐pigs. The aim of the study was to determine whether PDE activities in ventricular tissue accurately reflect the isoenzymes present in cardiomyocytes. 2 In homogenates of cardiomyocytes and multicellular ventricular tissue, four distinct soluble PDE activities could be separated by DEAE‐sepharose chromatography. 3 In multicellular cardiac tissue as well as in cardiomyocyte preparations, adenosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) PDE isoenzymes I‐IV were comparable in terms of substrate affinities, and inhibition or stimulation by guanosine 3′:5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP). However, in cardiomyocytes the Vmax values of PDE I‐IV were lower by a factor of about 2 to 7 and the basal activities were lower by a factor of about 3 to 5 as compared to multicellular cardiac tissue. 4 To investigate whether the PDE I‐IV activities were similarly inhibited by PDE inhibitors in both preparations, we studied the effects of 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX), UD‐CG 212 Cl (2‐(4‐hydroxy‐phenyl)‐5‐(5‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐2H‐6‐pyridazinyl)benzimidazole HCl) and rolipram. UD‐CG 212 Cl was a selective PDE III inhibitor in cardiomyocytes (IC50 0.3 μmol l−1) and in ventricular tissue (IC50 value 0.1 μmol l−1). Rolipram selectively inhibited PDE IV in cardiomyocytes (IC50 1.4 μmol ml−1) and in ventricular tissue (IC50 1.1 μmol l−1) whereas IBMX was a nonselective PDE inhibitor in both preparations. 5 It is concluded that the PDE isoenzymes I‐IV from multicellular ventricular tissue can be used as a representative system for investigating PDE inhibiting properties of PDE inhibitors in the myocardium since comparable PDE isoenzymes I‐IV exist in guinea‐pig ventricular cardiomyocytes and multicellular ventricular tissue.
Numerical calculation method for symmetrical component analysis of multiple simultaneous asymmetrical faults

This paper present a numerical method for calculation of current and voltage symmetrical components in case of multiple simultaneous asymmetrical stationary power system faults. The proposed method first decomposes the complex fault into different sets of sequence networks. Each set represents one fault with interconnections of sequence networks and other faults with controlled current or electromotive force sources. Then the node voltages of sets are estimated by iterative technique while changing between these sets. This approach allows the current or electromotive force sources of following sets inherit values from previous sets. The proposed method provides an opportunity to solve complex faults problems with high speed and affordable computation cost. The obtained algorithm can be used as calculation core for larger tasks, fault location for example, when multiple asymmetrical faults are expected.
Mixed weak type estimates: Examples and counterexamples related to a problem of E. Sawyer

Fil: Ombrosi, Sheldy Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Bahia Blanca. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Matematica. Instituto de Matematica Bahia Blanca; Argentina
Reactivity of monoclonal antibody 17.13. with human squamous cell carcinoma and its application to tumor diagnosis.

Monoclonal antibody 17.13. , derived from a fusion of splenocytes of a BALB/c mouse immunized with a surgically resected poorly differentiated human laryngeal recurrent squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with mouse Sp2/0 cells, is an IgM-K which recognizes a cytoplasmic component of basal cells. Tissue sections of malignant and normal squamous epithelium, tumors of nonsquamous origin, and normal and malignant cytological specimens were tested with an immunoperoxidase assay. Seventy-nine of 81 (98%) SCC of the head and neck, 26 of 26 (100%) SCC of the cervical and female gynecological tract, 29 of 30 (97%) SCC of the lung, 19 of 19 (100%) SCC of the oral cavity, and 17 of 17 (100%) SCC-involved neck lymph nodes reacted strongly. Various carcinomas from breast, colon, ovary, and others were unreactive. In normal squamous epithelial tissues, monoclonal antibody 17.13. reacts only with basal cells but not the cells above the basal layers. Normal tissues from heart, liver, spleen, kidney, bladder, colon, ovary, stomach, pancreas, breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, and lymph nodes were unreactive with the exception of myoepithelial cells. Monoclonal antibody 17.13. may be useful in the diagnosis and management of SCC.
Cognitive Factors in Adolescent Substance Abuse : Antecedents or Consequences ?

Consider two adolescents: Person One and Person Two. Person One has never used substances and exhibits relatively few behavioral (conduct) problems. On the other hand, Person Two uses substances frequently and more commonly exhibits poor conduct. If you were to guess, which of the individuals would you expect to have lower overall judgment and self-regulation? If you answered Person Two, your intuition is correct. Scientific studies have confirmed our intuition; individuals with substance use and other behavioral problems have been found to have poorer judgment and selfregulatory skills. While the association with lower judgment and self-regulation is seemingly obvious and commonsensical, the true relationship between poor judgment and substance abuse is less clear. Namely, how do we know if drug use causes poor judgment or poor judgment and low self-regulation are risk factors for substance abuse? Behavioral genetic researchers at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics and other research institutes are designing research to decipher just this.
Effect of intravenous ondansetron on reducing the incidence of hypotension and bradycardia events during shoulder arthroscopy in sitting position under interscalene brachial plexus block: A prospective randomized trial

Background and Aims: Sudden, profound hypotension and bradycardia events (HBEs) have been reported in more than 20% of patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy in the sitting position. The present study was designed to know whether intravenous (IV) ondansetron (selective 5-hydroxy tryptamine 3-antagonist) can help in reducing the HBEs associated with shoulder arthroscopy performed in sitting position under interscalene brachial plexus block (ISBPB). Methods: A total of 100 patients (age 20-50 years) undergoing shoulder arthroscopy performed in the sitting position under ISBPB were assigned randomly to one of the two groups: Group C received 10 ml of normal saline and Group T received 4 mg of ondansetron diluted in 10 ml of normal saline` IV. All patients received ISBPB using levobupivacaine 0.5%. Assessment of motor and sensory blockade, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, respiration, and side effects were noted every 5 min for first 30 min and every 10 min till the end of surgery. HBEs were recorded in both groups. Results: IV injection of ondansetron significantly reduces the incidence of HBEs from 11 (22.44% in Group C) to 3 (6.1% in Group T). The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in Group C (8.1 ± 3.3) in comparison with Group T (6.3 ± 4.2 h). Conclusion: We conclude that 4 ml of IV ondansetron can significantly reduce the HBEs during shoulder arthroscopy done in the sitting position under ISBPB.
Dissection of an indirect autoregulatory response of a homeotic Drosophila gene.

Homeotic genes often use autoregulation as a mechanism to maintain their expression. Autoregulation of Ultrabithorax (Ubx) in the visceral mesoderm is at least partly indirect and mediated by extracellular signalling from wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp). Ubx controls the localized expression of these two extracellular proteins. Here, we identify separate wg and dpp response elements within upstream sequences of Ubx. Our evidence suggests that there are two distinct response factors each of which, after signal‐induced activation, mediates transcriptional activation through its cognate element, whereas each element is recognized by a repressor in the absence of the corresponding signal. We show that the response factors and other components for transmission of the wg and, probably, of the dpp signal are present throughout the midgut mesoderm. Thus, there may be ubiquitous repression, preventing Ubx autoregulation throughout the visceral mesoderm, which is relieved locally by wg and dpp signalling. Evidently, the two signals convey positional information, allowing visceral mesoderm cells to reassess their position at advanced stages of embryogenesis and to decide whether or not to maintain expression of a homeotic gene.