Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Diversity in extinction laws of Type Ia supernovae measured between 0.2 and 2 μm

We present ultraviolet (UV) observations of six nearby Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope, three of which were also observed in the near-IR (NIR) with Wide-Field Camera 3. UV observations with the Swift satellite, as well as ground-based optical and NIR data provide complementary information. The combined data set covers the wavelength range 0.2–2 μm. By also including archival data of SN 2014J, we analyse a sample spanning observed colour excesses up to E(B − V) = 1.4 mag. We study the wavelength-dependent extinction of each individual SN and find a diversity of reddening laws when characterized by the total-to-selective extinction RV. In particular, we note that for the two SNe with E(B − V) ≳ 1 mag, for which the colour excess is dominated by dust extinction, we find RV = 1.4 ± 0.1 and RV = 2.8 ± 0.1. Adding UV photometry reduces the uncertainty of fitted RV by ∼50 per cent allowing us to also measure RV of individual low-extinction objects which point to a similar diversity, currently not accounted for in the analyses when SNe Ia are used for studying the expansion history of the Universe.
Cross-Corpus Training with TreeLSTM for the Extraction of Biomedical Relationships from Text

A bottleneck problem in machine learning-based relationship extraction (RE) algorithms, and particularly of deep learning-based ones, is the availability of training data in the form of annotated corpora. For specific domains, such as biomedicine, the long time and high expertise required for the development of manually annotated corpora explain that most of the existing one are relatively small (i.e., hundreds of sentences). Beside, larger corpora focusing on general or domain-specific relationships (such as citizenship or drug-drug interactions) have been developed. In this paper, we study how large annotated corpora developed for alternative tasks may improve the performances on biomedicine related tasks, for which few annotated resources are available. We experiment two deep learning-based models to extract relationships from biomedical texts with high performance. The first one combine locally extracted features using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, while the second exploit the syntactic structure of sentences using a Recursive Neural Network (RNN) architecture. Our experiments show that, contrary to the former, the latter benefits from a cross-corpus learning strategy to improve the performance of relationship extraction tasks. Indeed our approach leads to the best published performances for two biomedical RE tasks, and to state-of-the-art results for two other biomedical RE tasks, for which few annotated resources are available (less than 400 manually annotated sentences). This may be particularly impactful in specialized domains in which training resources are scarce, because they would benefit from the training data of other domains for which large annotated corpora does exist.
S-nitrosylation of stargazin regulates surface expression of AMPA-glutamate neurotransmitter receptors

Synaptic plasticity is mediated by changes in the surface expression of AMPA receptors (AMPARs). Stargazin and related transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins have emerged as the principal regulators of AMPAR surface expression. Here, we show in heterologous cells and primary neurons that stargazin is physiologically S-nitrosylated, resulting in increased surface expression. S-nitrosylation of stargazin increases binding to the AMPAR subunit GluR1, causing increased surface expression of the AMPAR. NMDAR stimulation, well known to activate neuronal nitric oxide synthase, increases both nitrosylation of stargazin and its binding to AMPAR. Thus, S-nitrosylation of stargazin is a physiologic regulator of AMPAR surface expression.
Depressive symptoms as predictors of medical outcomes in HIV infection. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE To ascertain whether depressive symptoms as determined by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D) predict accelerated mortality and worse medical outcomes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). DESIGN Eight-year cohort study with semiannual follow-up. SETTING Community volunteers. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1809 HIV-seropositive homosexual men without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who entered the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study in 1984 or 1985. Eight-year follow-up data were available on 75% of eligible participants. OUTCOME MEASURES Times to AIDS, death, and prophylactic treatment, and slopes describing the decline in CD4 count for each individual participant. RESULTS Using a conventional definition of depression (CES-D > or = 16 at the first study visit), 21.3% of participants were classified as depressed. Depressed participants had lower CD4 counts and reported more AIDS-related symptoms. There were no significant differences between depressed and nondepressed participants on any of the outcome measures (P > .05 in all cases). In contrast, men reporting AIDS-related symptoms had shorter times to AIDS and to death even after adjusting for CD4 counts (P < .01). The analyses were repeated, with similar results, using different definitions of depression based on the CES-D. CONCLUSIONS We find no evidence that depressive symptoms independently prognosticate worse outcomes in HIV infection. Because of associations of depression with symptom reports, CD4 counts, and indicators of socioeconomic status, future studies of the relationship between depression and HIV outcome should consider these variables as confounders.
Market Orientation and the Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises in the Accra Metropolis

The importance of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises as an engine of economic growth has been widely recognized. However, despite their invaluable contribution in the Ghanaian economy, their performance has not been impressive due to the orientation of their marketing strategies. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the relationship between market orientation and the performance of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in the Accra metropolis of Ghana. Given the purpose and nature of this study where most of the analyses were quantitative in nature, quantitative research approach was deemed the most appropriate and, therefore, adopted. The descriptive and correlational study designs, too, were adopted for this study. Simple random sampling technique, specifically lottery method, was used to select 346 small and medium manufacturing enterprises in the Accra metropolis. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses postulated. It was observed from the findings that positive relationship exists between market orientation and small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises performance. This means that market orientation contribute positively to the well being of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises. The study recommends that policy makers as well as National Board for Small Scale Industries should sensitize owners/managers of small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises about the importance of employing market orientation practices in their business operations.
3D Mobile Localization Using Distance-only Measurements

For a group of cooperating UAVs, localizing each other is often a key task. This paper studies the localization problem for a group of UAVs flying in 3D space with very limited information, i.e., when noisy distance measurements are the only type of inter-agent sensing that is available, and when only one UAV knows a global coordinate basis, the others being GPS-denied. Initially for a two-agent problem, but easily generalized to some multi-agent problems, constraints are established on the minimum number of required distance measurements required to achieve the localization. The paper also proposes an algorithm based on semidefinite programming (SDP), followed by maximum likelihood estimation using a gradient descent initialized from the SDP calculation. The efficacy of the algorithm is verified with experimental noisy flight data.
The global burden of mental and substance use disorders: changes in estimating burden between GBD1990 and GBD2010

Background. The main aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the methodological approaches of the new Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study (GBD 2010) with the original study conducted for 1990 (GBD 1990), in terms of calculating burden for mental and substance use disorders. Methods. We reviewed the conceptual and methodological changes to GBD burden calculations in the GBD 2010 study, compared with previous studies. We then discuss the possible implications of these changes with respect to burden estimates for mental and substance use disorders. Results. It is not possible to compare burden estimates arising from the GBD 1990 study with the most recent burden estimates. There have been important advances in the categorisation and definition of mental disorders, and the input and computation of epidemiological models for disease distribution. There have also been major changes to conceptual and social value choices aimed at addressing concerns that arose following publication of earlier GBD studies. Conclusion. Advancements to the GBD conceptual framework and method of calculating burden estimates has led to more accurate and equitable consideration of the burden for mental and substance use disorders. Proposed annual updates of GBD estimates by the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation provide an opportunity to continue to advance the evidence base that underpins the quantification of disease burden.
High Incidence of Hip Dysplasia but Not Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by hypotonia, obesity, hypogonadism, small hands and feet, and mental deficiency. Obesity and hypogonadism are also frequently associated with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE), suggesting that children with PWS might be at increased risk of developing SCFE. Members of the Prader-Willi Syndrome Association (U.S.A.) were surveyed regarding the history of orthopaedic problems in general and of SCFE in particular. A total of 565 (63%) responses were received. The prevalence of orthopaedic conditions included 47% with flat feet, 41% with scoliosis, 19% with knock knees, 10% with hip dysplasia, 9% with osteoporosis, 7% with patellofemoral instability, 3% with bowlegs, 2% each with clubfeet, nursemaid’s elbow, or leg-length inequality, and one patient (0.2%) with SCFE. The results of the survey indicate that SCFE is uncommon in patients with PWS, but the prevalence of hip dysplasia is increased approximately 10-fold compared with the general population.
Novel line search based parameter optimization of multi-machnie power system stabilizer enhanced by teaching learning based optimization

In this paper a new effectual optimization approach is proposed which optimizes the power system stabilizers (PSSs) parameters in a multi-machine power system. The PSS parameters are established for four PSSs which are linked to four synchronous generators. There is an increased demand for development of such algorithm, so that made researchers look for algorithms not only being metaheuristic, but also inherit desired properties of so-called deterministic approaches. To accomplish this objective, a novel method called smart line search (SLS) has been proposed in this paper and has been combined with Teaching Learning based optimization (TLBO). Being so new-found, SLS tries to take benefits of gradient methods using weighted stochastic selection approach which not only leads to unraveling of new local optimums, but also with a performance rather more speedy than conventional algorithms so far used. The performance of the proposed approach is also compared with other method. By observing the simulation results in two-area four-machine power system and compare with each of old algorithm, have been seen that new method is positively effective on damping time and also power frequency and oscillation when the fault occurs.
Prevalence of psychological problems and associated transplant‐related variables at different time periods after liver transplantation

After liver transplantation, recipients often experience psychological problems that are influenced by demographic, personal, and transplant‐related variables. However, because previous studies have mostly reported on psychological problems and their influencing factors in the first years after transplantation, less is known about their prevalence and influence in the long run. The aims of this study were to examine point‐prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress (PTS) at different time periods after transplantation and to examine the transplant‐related variables associated with these problems. A cross‐sectional survey was performed among 373 liver transplant recipients who received transplants between 1979 and 2009 at our center. Five clinically relevant time periods were identified: 0.5 to <2 years, 2 to <5 years, 5 to <10 years, 10 to <15 years, and ≥15 years after transplantation. The response rate was 75% (n = 281). Overall, 33.4% of the respondents experienced clinically relevant symptom levels of anxiety (28.7%), depression (16.5%), or PTS (10.0%). Symptoms of anxiety and depression were more prevalent in the first 2 years and in the long term after transplantation. PTS symptoms were more prevalent in the first 5 years after transplantation. However, the prevalence rates did not differ significantly between time periods. Viral hepatitis and the number of side effects of the immunosuppressive (IS) medication were found to be associated with all psychological problems. Alcoholic liver disease was associated with anxiety and depression in the short term after transplantation. In conclusion, a significant subset of transplant recipients experience psychological problems, both shortly after transplantation and in the long run. These problems are often associated with side effects from the IS medication. Therefore, the monitoring of psychological problems, the offering of psychological counseling, and the management of the medication's side effects should be part of the routine care of transplant recipients. Liver Transpl 21:524–538, 2015. © 2015 AASLD.
VALUE RELEVANCE OF SIMPLE ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED (EVA) IN MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

บทคดยอ บทความวจยนจดทำขนเพอศกษาความเกยวเนองกบมลคาของตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรในแงมมทวาตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรมความเกยวเนองมากกวาตววดทางบญชอนหรอไมในเหตการณการควบรวมกจการ การทดสอบขอมลแบบสมพทธ (Relative information content test) ถกกำหนดขนเพอทดสอบความสมพนธของตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรกบผลตอบแทนสวนเกนราคาควบรวม ผลตอบแทนสวนทเกนปกตของผควบรวมกจการ และผลตอบแทนรวมระหวางผลตอบแทนสวนทเกนปกตของผควบรวมกจการและผถกควบรวมกจการ วามความสมพนธมากกวาตววดทางบญชอนหรอไม ผลของการทดสอบขอมลแบบสมพทธพบวากระแสเงนสดจากการดำเนนงานมความสมพนธกบผลตอบแทนสวนเกนราคาควบรวมและผลตอบแทนรวมระหวางสวนทเกนปกตของผควบรวมกจการและผถกควบรวมกจการมากทสด แตพบวาตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรมความสมพนธ กบผลตอบแทนสวนทเกนปกตของผควบรวมกจการมากทสด อยางไรกตามความแตกตางของระดบความสมพนธในการอธบายผลตอบแทนตางๆของตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรและตววดทางบญชอนไมมนยสำคญ จงสามารถสรปไดวาไมมหลกฐานสนบสนนทเพยงพอทจะกลาวอางถงความสามารถของตววดมลคาเพมทางเศรษฐศาสตรทมมากกวาตววดทางบญชอนในกรณการควบรวมกจการ Abstract This study investigates the value-relevance of the EVA (Economic Value Added) compared with other accounting measures in mergers and acquisitions. Relative information content test is conducted to investigate whether EVA is more highly correlated with the takeover premium, acquirers’ abnormal returns and combined returns, than other traditional accounting measures (Cash Flow from Operation (CFO), Earning before Extraordinary Items (EBEI), Residual Income (RI)). Relative information content test shows that CFO is more highly correlated with the takeover premium and combined returns, while EVA can best describe the variation in acquirers’ abnormal returns. However, these differences in explanatory power are not significant. These results do not support the claim that EVA outperforms other accounting measures in mergers and acquisitions.
Promoting health, preventing disease: is there an economic case?

•There is an evidence base from controlled trials and well-designed observational studies on the effectiveness of a wide range of health promotion and disease prevention interventions that address risk factors to health. These include measures to reduce the risk of smoking and alcohol consumption, increase physical activity and promote more healthy diets, protect psychological and emotional well-being, reduce environmental harms and make road environments safer. •Many of these actions may be both funded and delivered outside of the health sector. •There is also an evidence base suggesting that a number of cost-effective health promotion and disease prevention interventions are available. Some of these interventions will be cost-saving, but most will generate additional health (and other) benefi ts for additional costs. However this evidence base must be treated with caution, given that many interventions have only been assessed in a small number of settings and different methods and assumptions are made in different studies. •Combinations of actions, for example in the areas of tobacco, alcohol and road injury prevention, are often more cost-effective than relying on one action alone. •The use of taxes to infl uence individual choices on the use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as the consumption of food, is consistently seen as a cost effective intervention to promote better lifestyle choices. •Much of the evidence on the long-term costs and benefi ts of interventions has been estimated using simulation modelling approaches synthesizing data on effectiveness, epidemiology and costs. This refl ects the lack of long-term observed effectiveness data for many public health and health promoting interventions. It also means that policy-makers need to be cautious on assumptions made about the persistence of effect of health promoting interventions, e.g. the likelihood of long-term behaviour change. •Interventions targeted at children often have the most potential to be costeffective because of the longer time-frame over which health benefi ts can be realized. •While some interventions may take several decades to be seen to be costeffective, for example impacts on the risk of obesity, there are some health promotion and disease prevention actions that are cost effective in the short term. •There are opportunities to invest in cost-effective health promoting interventions that can be delivered universally as well as to target population groups, for instance in schools or workplaces. •Most of the economic evidence identifi ed is from research undertaken in high-income countries, with very few studies applied to other settings in the WHO European Region. •In order to help encourage the implementation of cost-effective health promotion and disease prevention actions it is helpful to highlight economic benefi ts of most interest to the sectors that are responsible for funding these actions
A comparative analysis of the dynamics of interlocking directorates among immigrant organizations

We model the dynamics of the two-mode network among directors and boards of voluntary associations, using a stochastic actor-based model, SIENA [Snijders et al., 2010], including the structural effects proposed by [Koskinen and Edling, 2012], and considering the political orientation of associations as a covariate. Using data from [Vermeulen and Berger, 2008], we compare the evolution of interlocks among Turkish associations in two European capitals, and explain the noticeable difference in structure by looking at statistically significant differences among the estimated effects. In the longer term, we intend to relate the dynamics of these networks to the political participation of the corresponding communities, in order to test existing hypotheses on the effect of ethnic social capital on political participation [Fennema and Tillie, 2001; Jacobs et al., 2004].
Inaccurate chemical structures of dyes and fluorochromes found in the literature can be problematic for teaching and research

Abstract Representations of the chemical structures of dyes and fluorochromes often are used to illustrate staining mechanisms and histochemical reactions. Unfortunately, inaccurate chemical structures sometimes are used, which results in problems for teaching and research in histochemistry. We comment here on published examples of inadequate chemical drawing and modeling. In particular, omission of hydrogen atoms can lead to misleading hydrogen-bonding interactions, and inaccurate drawing and modeling procedures result in a variety of implausible molecular structures. The examples and arguments given here are easily intelligible for non-chemists and could be used as part of a training approach to help avoid publication of misleading or puzzling dye structures and molecular models for illustrating biological staining and histochemical studies.
Ethical issues associated with medical tourism in Africa

ABSTRACT Global disparities in medical technologies, laws, economic inequities, and social–cultural differences drive medical tourism (MT), the practice of travelling to consume healthcare that is either too delayed, unavailable, unaffordable or legally proscribed at home. Africa is simultaneously a source and destination for MT. MT however, presents a new and challenging health ethics frontier, being largely unregulated and characterized by policy contradictions, minority discrimination and conflict of interest among role-players. This article assesses the level of knowledge of MT and its associated ethical issues in Africa; it also identifies critical research gaps on the subject in the region. Exploratory design guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework was used. Key search terms and prior determined exclusion/inclusion criteria were used to identify relevant literature sources. Fifty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Distributive justice, healthcare resource allocation, experimental treatments and organ transplant were the most common ethical issues of medical tourism in Africa. The dearth of robust engagement of MT and healthcare ethics, as identified through this review, calls for more rigorous research on this subject. Although the bulk of the medical tourism industry is driven by global legal disparities based on ethical considerations, little attention has been given to this subject.
Complementarity between Internal R&D and R&D Cooperation in the Context of Spanish Technological Opportunities

In this paper, we analyse the existence of complementarity between the internal R&D activities and the R&D cooperative agreements of Spanish innovative manufacturing firms. This analysis is conducted concerning to the context of technological opportunities (industrial and non-industrial) and companies’ protection mechanisms (legal and strategic). The database used is the Community Innovation Survey referring to the Spanish economy. The discussion about the results is performed once the coefficients have been obtained by the Heckman correction method. The results indicate evidence of substitutability between internal R&D and R&D cooperation, and non-industrial technological opportunities and strategic protection mechanisms have no influence on innovation output. In addition, we found that non-industrial technological opportunities increase the probability of innovation in companies, although they have no influence on their innovative performance. In contrast, industrial technological opportunities do not contribute to increasing the likelihood of innovation, but influence their innovative performance.