Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Impact of the E-Mail Conversation Format on E-Mail Overload: A Pilot Test

It is well known that e-mails are causing information overload. Existing research investigated the amount of e-mails but does not consider the format of a single e-mail and its cognitive impact. Therefore, we investigate e-mail conversations as one of the most promising formats, which is composed of the quoted history of appended e-mails, forwarded to a third person. Cognitive load theory is used to scrutinize the contribution of the e-mail conversation format on intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive load. The resulting hypotheses and our pilot of the experiment investigate the induction of e-mail overload by email conversations. By successfully validating our measurement instruments we gain first indications of construct validity. As a result we present an exploratory factor analysis, a confirmatory factor analysis, and an assessment of the model fit. Subsequently, we reflect on our findings and present the implications for future research.
Modeling Human Head at Microwave Frequencies Using Optimized Debye Models and FDTD Method

Debye models for tissues found in the human head are presented. The parameters of the Debye models are optimized to measured data of different head tissues. Excellent consistency over the frequency band from 0.1 GHz to 5 GHz is shown with improved accuracy compared to current models using the Cole-Cole approximation. The auxiliary differential-equation based method is used to incorporate the derived models into a finite-difference time-domain program. The validity of the derived models are verified by comparing the fields produced in a realistic 2-D phantom head using a finite-difference time-domain program with the proposed Debye models, and a method of moments solver.
Optimal Generation Scheduling under ABT using Forecasted Load and Frequency

The conventional Generation Scheduling (GS) is a day ahead activity, aiming at minimizing operating cost subject to system as well as device constraints. The anticipated load, generation and network availability are inputs to GS problem. The new attribute added to conventional GS problem is frequency. Under Availability Based Tariff (ABT), frequency plays important role in deciding the real time generation and dispatch. The conventional GS algorithm is modified to incorporate frequency dependant part of tariff. Thus, prior knowledge of frequency along with load will be contributory in the formation of more realistic schedule of generation. This paper reports estimation of hourly frequency and load using Statistical Analysis and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) respectively. Frequency variation is random and uncertain in nature. Accurate prediction of frequency is difficult. Using probability theory and statistical analysis, the hourly frequency is estimated which forms an important input to new generation scheduling algorithm along with hourly load forecasted using ANN. The schedule prepared considering estimated frequency and load at every hour will help operator in taking appropriate decision in real time dispatch to earn maximum benefits.
Vitamin C improves endothelial dysfunction in renal allograft recipients.

BACKGROUND Endothelial function is impaired in renal allograft recipients but the effects of antioxidant vitamin therapy on endothelial function in such patients is unknown. METHODS Thirteen renal allograft recipients were randomized to vitamin C or placebo in a double blind cross-over study design. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation and glyceryltrinitrate-induced endothelium-independent dilation of the brachial artery were assessed before and 2 h after oral administration of 2 g vitamin C or placebo. RESULTS Plasma vitamin C levels increased from 33.5+/-17.0 micromol/l to 98.8+/-60.2 micromol/l after treatment (P=0.0001). Endothelium-dependent dilation improved (from 1.6+/-2.6 to 4.5+/-2.5%) after vitamin C administration but was unchanged after placebo (1.9+/-1.5 to 1.8+/-2.5%; P=0.003 for vitamin C vs placebo). There was no significant change in endothelium-independent dilation in response to vitamin C. Vitamin C was also associated with a significant increase in the lag time in dilute serum oxidation (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin C acutely improves flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent dilation and increases the resistance of lipoproteins in dilute serum to oxidation in renal transplant recipients.
Diffusion Tensor Pyramidal Tractography in Patients With Anterior Choroidal Artery Infarcts

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anterior choroidal artery (AchoA) stroke often evolves into undulating hemipareses, which sometimes progress to high-grade hemiparesis or hemiplegia but may also completely regress. Spatial relationships of AchoA infarcts to corticospinal tracts (CSTs) and CST integrity were investigated with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to identify prognostic parameters related to diffusion anisotropy changes in AchoA stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five AchoA stroke patients were prospectively examined with 3T DTI and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) within a 3-day mean interval after onset. Analysis included the following: 1) stroke size on diffusion-weighted imaging; 2) fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients at the largest stroke extents versus contralateral homologous structures; 3) lesion location related to CST (“involvement”); 4) amount of fiber trajectories of affected versus nonaffected CST (“fiber ratio”); and 5) presence of ipsilateral fiber disruption. Imaging findings were related to clinical status 3 months after symptom onset with respect to favorable, moderate, or unfavorable motor outcome. RESULTS: FA differences (due to FA reduction in the affected versus nonaffected hemisphere) were significantly higher for patients with unfavorable outcome (P=.03). Patients with favorable outcome had nearly symmetrical FA. CSTs were involved in ischemic lesions in all but 2 patients (complete involvement, n=3; partial, n=20). Two CSTs were completely disrupted, and both patients were hemiplegic (no disruption, n=14; partial disruption, n=9). Fiber disruption and CST involvement correlated negatively with motor score after AchoA stroke (P < .01), whereas infarct size did not. CONCLUSION: DTT may explain resulting motor dysfunction in patients with AchoA infarcts with more notably decreased FA being an indicator for unfavorable outcome.
Oral Cavity Alterations Diagnosis in Cerebral Palsy Subjects

Objective: To diagnose the demographic profile, teeth structural alterations, pathological findings and dental caries risk in both genders subjects with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 10 and 44 years, receiving dental treatment at Center for Study and Care of Special Patients (CEAPE) of Paulista University. Materials and Methods: Decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (DFMT) and Bacterial plaque (BP) index were performed through the Ainamo and Bay Test. The clinical exam was complemented with the radiographic exam. A salivary test – Dentobuff® was used for the saliva flow rate (SF) and salivary buffering capacity (BC). Results: The BP index was (77.3%); DMFT was (9.5%); patients presented low SF (0.6) and BC (4.3) indexes (p<0.05). Conclusions: We have concluded that, considering this reality, there is a need to implement and/ or review the education, prevention and treatment programs for patients with (CP), aiming at providing these patients improvements in their oral health.
The emergence of a “digital underclass” in Great Britain and Sweden: Changing reasons for digital exclusion

Research into reasons for Internet non-use has been mostly based on one-off cohort studies and focused on single-country contexts. This article shows that motivations for being offline changed between 2005 and 2013 among non- and ex-users in two high-diffusion European countries. Analyses of Swedish and British data demonstrate that non-user populations have become more concentrated in vulnerable groups. While traditional digital divide reasons related to a lack of access and skills remain important, motivational reasons increased in importance over time. The ways in which these reasons gain importance for non- and ex-user groups vary, as do explanations for digital exclusion in the different countries. Effective interventions aimed at tackling digital exclusion need to take into consideration national contexts, changing non-user characteristics, and individual experience with the Internet. What worked a decade ago in a particular country might not work currently in a different or even the same country.
Multimodal investigation of triple network connectivity in patients with 22q11DS and association with executive functions

Large‐scale brain networks play a prominent role in cognitive abilities and their activity is impaired in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at high risk of developing schizophrenia and present similar cognitive impairments, including executive functions deficits. Thus, 22q11DS represents a model for the study of neural biomarkers associated with schizophrenia. In this study, we investigated structural and functional connectivity within and between the Default Mode (DMN), the Central Executive (CEN), and the Saliency network (SN) in 22q11DS using resting‐state fMRI and DTI. Furthermore, we investigated if triple network impairments were related to executive dysfunctions or the presence of psychotic symptoms. Sixty‐three patients with 22q11DS and sixty‐eighty controls (age 6–33 years) were included in the study. Structural connectivity between main nodes of DMN, CEN, and SN was computed using probabilistic tractography. Functional connectivity was computed as the partial correlation between the time courses extracted from each node. Structural and functional connectivity measures were then correlated to executive functions and psychotic symptom scores. Our results showed mainly reduced structural connectivity within the CEN, DMN, and SN, in patients with 22q11DS compared with controls as well as reduced between‐network connectivity. Functional connectivity appeared to be more preserved, with impairments being evident only within the DMN. Structural connectivity impairments were also related to executive dysfunctions. These findings show an association between triple network structural alterations and executive deficits in patients with the microdeletion, suggesting that 22q11DS and schizophrenia share common psychopathological mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2177–2189, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation objective de la dysprosodie des pathologies neurologiques : critères de différentiation diagnostique et suivi longitudinal des prises en charge thérapeutiques

Les maladies neurologiques ont d'une maniere generale une influence plus ou moins importante sur la production de la parole. Les cliniciens ont porte leur attention sur des evaluations perceptives portant sur des indices acoustiques permettant de distinguer differents etats pathologiques. Dans le but d'ameliorer ces evaluations, on a utilise tout naturellement les methodes d'analyses acoustiques objectives developpees pour des etudes linguistiques. Mais ces techniques analytiques sont mal adaptees a une utilisation clinique de routine. Les parametres prosodiques (melodie, intensite et duree) semblent presenter un bon compromis entre leur facilite d'utilisation et leur bonne correspondance a l'etat pathologique des patients. Nous evaluons la dysprosodie du discours a travers la programmation de la courbe melodique et la repartition des pauses. Cette methode nous permet de differencier des etats pathologiques tres proches mais peu dissociables au moyen des methodes traditionnelles. Cependant, l'evaluation prosodique peche par de faibles connaissances sur ce nouveau domaine. Pour pallier cela, nous realisons actuellement une base de donnees cliniques sur la dysprosodie. Ces developpements permettent d'envisager a l'avenir une diffusion plus generale des evaluations objectives des dysarthries.
CHOLAS DE PANTALLA: ESTEREOTIPOS DE LA MUJER ANDINA EN LOS PROGRAMAS DE HUMOR DE LA TELEVISIÓN PERUANA

Desde la Chola Eduviges de Teleloquilandia y Estrafalario de los 70 y de Risas y Salsa en los 90 y 2000, a la Panfila de hoy pasando por la Orsola a las mas actuales Chola Chabuca (de Pimentel) y la Paisana Jacinta (de Benavides), la imagen de la mujer andina en los programas de humor de la TV peruana ha conocido de toqueteos, distorsiones y excesos, mediando un constructo en una sociedad en la que el cholo y la chola –como categorias semanticas, sociales y culturales, formados o deformados para categorizar a un tipo inasible de migrante nacional- son objetos de controversia generalizada, porque, mas directa que indirectamente, han abonado a imaginarios discriminantes, racistas y sexistas, fortaleciendo en un pais diverso distancias absurdas lejos de un clima de identidad cultural, respeto y convivencia pacifica. Este estudio de metodologia mixta resume las conclusiones de un analisis cualitativo de contenidos bajo tres dimensiones, tomadas de un planteamiento de Umberto Eco -fisonomia exterior, fisonomia intelectual, y fisonomia moral- pero ademas cruza estos resultados con un estudio de percepcion sobre lo que los propios pobladores andinos y jovenes estudiantes de comunicaciones tienen de esa representatividad, para establecer demandas y exigencias sobre lo que el estado, sociedad civil y academia podrian accionar mejor, ya solos o mejor en conjunto.
Optical realization of Newton-cotes-based integrators for dark soliton generation

An optical integrator is an analog optical signal processor that performs the time integral of an input optical signal. This paper presents a theory of Newton-Cotes optical integrators for high-speed optical signal processing. The Newton-Cotes optical integrators are designed using the cascade of a finite impulse response (FIR) optical waveguide filter with an infinite impulse response (IIR) optical waveguide filter. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optical integrators, the authors show, by means of computer simulations, that a trapezoidal optical integrator can generate a fundamental dark-soliton pulse that can propagate stably over a large distance of single-mode optical fiber. Although the analysis is directed at optical integrators implemented using waveguide technology, the theory, design method, and results are applicable to other physical systems such as optical systems based on free-space optics, fiber optics, and fiber gratings.
Transient Cold Shock Induces Oxidative Stress Events in Antarctic Fungi

The Antarctic biota has evolved under the influence of a suite of geological and climatic factors, including the geographic isolation of the landmass and the continental shelves, extremely low temperatures and intense seasonality (Russo et al., 2010). The isolation and environmental history of Antarctica have led to a unique biota. Many groups of organisms became extinct in Antarctica as a result of the extremely cold conditions. Although this continent is the coldest, highest, windiest, driest, wildest and most pristine of all of the continents, it is full of life. In addition to its well-known inhabitants, such as penguins and seals, it also has a diverse and unique range of microbial diversity (Nichols et al., 1999; Vincent, 2000). Microorganisms successfully colonise cold habitats and play a major role in the processes of nutrient turnover at low temperatures. In recent years, a growing attention in research has been devoted to cold-adapted microorganisms. This interest in Antarctic microorganisms stems from several reasons. Antarctica’s environmental extremes present conditions in which microorganisms have evolved unique characteristics for survival, which are of great scientific interest. Moreover, the availability of novel Antarctic species, which are generally isolated from extreme environments, opens the door for biotechnological exploration. Investigations of psychrotolerant and psychrophilic microorganisms are also important for human health because microorganisms can cause food spoilage and food-borne diseases. Research on cold shock raises a number of questions: which cellular function is affected most upon cold shock, what makes cell growth stop, and are there well-conserved or common cold shock proteins as in the case of heat-shock proteins? These questions are no less important than those in the case of heat shock (Inouye, 1999).
Preparation and characterization of phosvitin from hen egg yolk.

Phosvitin was precipitated from egg yolk solution in 0.4 M magnesium sulphate by adding an equal volume of water. Purification was accomplished by repeatedly precipitating and dialyzing at pH 4.0 to remove lipovitellin. Phosvitin so prepared was free of lipid, contained 9.6% phosphorus, and had a molecular weight of 3.0 × 104 at pH 4.0 and a frictional ratio that indicates an elongated molecule. It is a polyelectrolyte with properties that are dependent on both the concentration of the solute and the composition of the solvent. In buffer solutions containing low concentrations (0.01 to 0.05 M) of magnesium sulphate, it forms complexes having a particle weight of 14 × 105 and with calcium salts a particle weight of 7.5 × 105.
Enhancement of wireless channel performance using MIMO system in underground mine gallery

This paper studies the use of MIMO systems for underground mine communication. Measurement campaigns using two different type of antenna have been made in a real gold mine. Furthermore, the channel is characterized in terms of channel correlation, and capacity. Results suggest that in such scatter-rich environment, for LOS scenario the directional antennas have been shown to provide significant suppression of multipath and a corresponding increase in the correlation that consequently decrease the channel capacity.
Variation and power issues in VLSI clock networks

Variation and Power Issues in VLSI Clock Networks. (May 2007) Ganesh Venkataraman, B. E. (Hons), Birla Institute of Technology and Science; M. Sc. (Hons), Birla Institute of Technology and Science; M. S. , University of Iowa Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Jiang Hu Clock Distribution Network (CDN) is an important component of any synchronous logic circuit. The function of CDN is to deliver the clock signal to the clock sinks. Clock skew is defined as the difference in the arrival time of the clock signal at the clock sinks. Higher uncertainty in skew (due to PVT variations) degrades circuit performance by decreasing the maximum possible delay between any two sequential elements. Aggressive frequency scaling has also led to high power consumption especially in CDN. This dissertation addresses variation and power issues in the design of current and potential future CDN. The research detailed in this work presents algorithmic techniques for the following problems: (1) Variation tolerance in useful skew design, (2) Link insertion for buffered clock nets, (3) Methodology and algorithms for rotary clocking and (4) Clock mesh optimization for skew-power trade off. For clock trees this dissertation presents techniques to integrate the different aspects of clock tree synthesis (skew scheduling, abstract topology and layout embedding) into one framework tolerance to variations. This research addresses the issues involved in inserting cross-links in a buffered clock tree and proposes design criteria to avoid the risk of short-circuit current. Rotary clocking is a promising new clocking scheme that consists of unterminated rings formed by differential transmission lines. Rotary clocking achieves reduction in power dissipation clock skew. This dissertation addresses the issues in adopting current CAD methodology to rotary clocks. Alter-
A phenotypic‐genetic study of a group of Polish patients with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy

We studied phenotype‐genotype correlation in a group of Polish males with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and in female carriers. Eleven males with suspected SBMA phenotype and three suspected female carriers were examined. Male patients presented with the predominant signs of progressive, symmetrical distal limb weakness with amyotrophy, facial muscular weakness with orofacial fasciculations, nasal voice and slight dysphagia, gynaecomastia, decreased potency, as well as hand tremor and distal peripheral sensory disturbances in a few cases. One of the carriers presented with a 30‐year history of fasciculations and minimal distal weakness and cramps in the legs, while the other two were asymptomatic. DNA analysis revealed expanded size of CAG repeats in Xq11‐12 in the AR gene in 10 out of 11 men (range 45–52 CAG repeats) and in the women (range 46–48 CAG repeats). There was no correlation between CAG repeat size and the age of disease onset and duration of the disease. A rare, predominantly distal distribution of weakness and amyotrophy was found in our group of the SBMA patients (8 out of 11 cases) from three unrelated kindreds and also in the remaining two sporadic cases. The extended CAG repeats within families were stable.
flyDIVaS: A Comparative Genomics Resource for Drosophila Divergence and Selection

With arguably the best finished and expertly annotated genome assembly, Drosophila melanogaster is a formidable genetics model to study all aspects of biology. Nearly a decade ago, the 12 Drosophila genomes project expanded D. melanogaster’s breadth as a comparative model through the community-development of an unprecedented genus- and genome-wide comparative resource. However, since its inception, these datasets for evolutionary inference and biological discovery have become increasingly outdated, outmoded, and inaccessible. Here, we provide an updated and upgradable comparative genomics resource of Drosophila divergence and selection, flyDIVaS, based on the latest genomic assemblies, curated FlyBase annotations, and recent OrthoDB orthology calls. flyDIVaS is an online database containing D. melanogaster-centric orthologous gene sets, CDS and protein alignments, divergence statistics (% gaps, dN, dS, dN/dS), and codon-based tests of positive Darwinian selection. Out of 13,920 protein-coding D. melanogaster genes, ∼80% have one aligned ortholog in the closely related species, D. simulans, and ∼50% have 1–1 12-way alignments in the original 12 sequenced species that span over 80 million yr of divergence. Genes and their orthologs can be chosen from four different taxonomic datasets differing in phylogenetic depth and coverage density, and visualized via interactive alignments and phylogenetic trees. Users can also batch download entire comparative datasets. A functional survey finds conserved mitotic and neural genes, highly diverged immune and reproduction-related genes, more conspicuous signals of divergence across tissue-specific genes, and an enrichment of positive selection among highly diverged genes. flyDIVaS will be regularly updated and can be freely accessed at www.flydivas. info. We encourage researchers to regularly use this resource as a tool for biological inference and discovery, and in their classrooms to help train the next generation of biologists to creatively use such genomic big data resources in an integrative manner.
Protein p0071 – an armadillo plaque protein that characterizes a specific subtype of adherens junctions

In vertebrates, cell-cell-adhering proteins of both the punctum adhaerens and the desmosome type are characterized by transmembrane glycoproteins of the cadherin superfamily, and by cytoplasmic plaques, which comprise the common plaque protein plakoglobin ( [Cowin et al., 1986][1]; [Franke et al.,