Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethical Climates in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda

ABSTRACT: Since seminal meta-analytical work in 2006 we have witnessed burgeoning research on ethical climates. This article offers a comprehensive review of literature examining the antecedents and outcomes of ethical climates over the last decade, as well as moderators of the relationship between ethical climates and other variables. Based on the review, an agenda for future research is also presented. In addition to highlighting the potential for incorporating alternative theoretical perspectives such as situational strength theory, trait-activation theory, social information processing theory, and institutional theory to better our understanding of ethical climates, this article highlights the need for future research to incorporate a dynamic perspective to study ethical climates, examine the curvilinear effects of ethical climates on work outcomes, extend the study of ethical climates to different levels of the organization, and examine the effects of culture on ethical climates.
‘The Winner Takes it All’: Values and Benefits of Israeli Sports Gambling Advertisements

Abstract Sports gambling is a well-established practice in Israel, whose beginnings can be traced to 1951. In recent years, the activities of the Israel Sports Betting Board (ISBB), also known as the ‘Toto Commission’, have become extremely popular with the public at large, and especially with sports fans. The study examines the changing advertising messages and creative appeals featured in the ISBB’s various advertising campaigns throughout Israeli history, and specifically the broad social meanings that can be inferred from these campaigns. The findings illustrate how significant structures of meaning in advertising function as reflections of the state of sports and society in Israel and as representations of some of the most salient phenomena in these domains. For example, for many years advertisements have been dominated by male presence, reflected primarily in the featured characters and language representations. Also prominent are representations of militarism as well as global biases, which are illustrated by the use of English in the local Israeli gambling brand name (‘Winner’), for example.
Analysis and control of a cable-driven 3-DOF manipulator with joint angle feedback

This paper presents the control of a 3-DOF manipulator with joint angle feedback, the function of which was achieved by three mutually perpendicular joints intersecting at one point actuated by four parallel pulling force. Encoders were installed on each joint to obtain the control error caused by elasticity of cables and mechanism installation. Due to the output coupling problem of parallel mechanism, a linear position interpolation algorithm was proposed with real-time computation of inverse kinematics and online error compensation. Besides, an optimal tension distribution algorithm evading tension limits was proposed to solve the tension dramatic changes and oscillation problems, in which the linear programming method was used and two new variables were introduced for tension optimization. The real time control system based on PC and motion controller was designed and experiments were carried out to demonstrate the correctness of the algorithm and the effectiveness of the control system.
Application of Elman Neural Network to Width Spread Prediction in Medium Plate Mill

Based on the fact that the Elman model of neural network can well approach any nonlinear continuous function and has ability to reflect dynamic features of the systems, a method of width spread to medium plate mill prediction by Elman model was present. Through the width prediction by Elman model and BP model, the results show that the convergence and accuracy of prediction by the Elman model was higher than that by the BP network model.
Adaptive data fusion methods in information retrieval

Data fusion is currently used extensively in information retrieval for various tasks. It has proved to be a useful technology because it is able to improve retrieval performance frequently. However, in almost all prior research in data fusion, static search environments have been used, and dynamic search environments have generally not been considered. In this article, we investigate adaptive data fusion methods that can change their behavior when the search environment changes. Three adaptive data fusion methods are proposed and investigated. To test these proposed methods properly, we generate a benchmark from a historic Text REtrieval Conference data set. Experiments with the benchmark show that 2 of the proposed methods are good and may potentially be used in practice.
Purpose In Adolescence, What Am I Here For? A Qualitative Examination on the Expression, Development and Integration of Purpose in At-Risk and Thriving Male Adolescents

This study examined the differential role of purpose in the lives of high school male students representing a range of personal and academic well-being, including both thriving and at-risk participants. A primary aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the types of purpose adolescent males express and to investigate the degree to which they are integrated into their lives. Results suggest that most youth, even those at risk, can articulate a sense of purpose, and the majority identify school as a primary source of purpose in their lives. This study found that while most young men report having purposes, these purposes lack differentiation and are just beginning to be defined. Most young men report having purposes that they are optimistic about fulfilling, are realistic in nature, influence their decisions and are salient.
Measuring Surgical Outcomes in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Assessment of Minimum Clinically Important Difference

Object The concept of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) has been used to measure the threshold by which the effect of a specific treatment can be considered clinically meaningful. MCID has previously been studied in surgical patients, however few studies have assessed its role in spinal surgery. The goal of this study was to assess the role of MCID in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Methods Data was collected on 30 patients who underwent ACDF for CSM between 2007 and 2012. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual-Analog Scale (VAS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary PRO scores were collected. Five distribution- and anchor-based approaches were used to calculate MCID threshold values average change, change difference, receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), minimum detectable change (MDC) and standard error of measurement (SEM). The Health Transition Item of the SF-36 (HTI) was used as an external anchor. Results Patients had a significant improvement in all mean physical PRO scores postoperatively (p<0.01) NDI (29.24 to 14.82), VAS (5.06 to 1.72), and PCS (36.98 to 44.22). The five MCID approaches yielded a range of values for each PRO: 2.00–8.78 for PCS, 2.06–5.73 for MCS, 4.83–13.39 for NDI, and 0.36–3.11 for VAS. PCS was the most representative PRO measure, presenting the greatest area under the ROC curve (0.94). MDC values were not affected by the choice of anchor and their threshold of improvement was statistically greater than the chance of error from unimproved patients. Conclusion SF-36 PCS was the most representative PRO measure. MDC appears to be the most appropriate MCID method. When MDC was applied together with HTI anchor, the MCID thresholds were: 13.39 for NDI, 3.11 for VAS, 5.56 for PCS and 5.73 for MCS.
Juxtamembrane tyrosine residues couple the Eph family receptor EphB2/Nuk to specific SH2 domain proteins in neuronal cells

Eph‐related receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the control of axonal navigation and fasciculation. To investigate the biochemical mechanisms underlying such functions, we have expressed the EphB2 receptor (formerly Nuk/Cek5/Sek3) in neuronal NG108‐15 cells, and have observed the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular proteins upon activation of EphB2 by its ligand, ephrin‐B1 (formerly Elk‐L/Lerk2). The activated EphB2 receptor induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 62–64 kDa protein (p62dok), which in turn formed a complex with the Ras GTPase‐activating protein (RasGAP) and SH2/SH3 domain adaptor protein Nck. RasGAP also bound through its SH2 domains to tyrosine‐phosphorylated EphB2 in vitro, and complexed with activated EphB2 in vivo. We have localized an in vitro RasGAP‐binding site to conserved tyrosine residues Y604 and Y610 in the juxtamembrane region of EphB2, and demonstrated that substitution of these amino acids abolishes ephrin‐B1‐induced signalling events in EphB2‐expressing NG108‐15 cells. These tyrosine residues are followed by proline at the +3 position, consistent with the binding specificity of RasGAP SH2 domains determined using a degenerate phosphopeptide library. These results identify an EphB2‐activated signalling cascade involving proteins that potentially play a role in axonal guidance and control of cytoskeletal architecture.
Hyperlinking to Academic Websites: Salient Features Examined

OBJECTIVE: To explore in depth and comprehensively features of inlinks (incoming links) as opposed to that of citations so that better understanding can be achieved with regard to the limitations and implications in using links for evaluative webometric research. DESIGN & MEASUREMENTS: A total of 446 randomly selected cases of hyperlinking to 15 medical schools’ websites were analyzed and then classified into a revised version of a taxonomy created in a previous study for identifying linking motivations. The classification of the linking data was accomplished within the context of linking and linked sites as well as based on reasons for hyperlinking. RESULTS: This research shows that only 5% and 7% of all the inlinks analyzed were made for reasons relating respectively to teaching/learning and research whereas 88% of the hyperlinks the target sites received were created for motivations germane to service and general nature. These findings demonstrate that inlinking is not the same as citing since inlinks exhibit features considerably different from that of citations in at least several aspects: 1) Inlinks mainly point to the ofness of target sites rather than their aboutness. 2) Inlinks cannot achieve the same level of quality in referencing as citations. 3) It is more difficult to determine reasons for hyperlinking given its unique nature. CONCLUSION: Inlink counts alone cannot serve as quality indicators for scholarly and evaluation purposes. Other factors (e.g., authors and intellectual contents of linked entities) have to be considered in evaluative, link-based webometric research.
Limits of Arbitrage: The State of the Theory

We survey theoretical developments in the literature on the limits of arbitrage. This literature investigates how costs faced by arbitrageurs can prevent them from eliminating mispricings and providing liquidity to other investors. Research in this area is currently evolving into a broader agenda emphasizing the role of financial institutions and agency frictions for asset prices. This research has the potential to explain so-called "market anomalies" and inform welfare and policy debates about asset markets. We begin with examples of demand shocks that generate mispricings, arguing that they can stem from behavioral or from institutional considerations. We next survey, and nest within a simple model, the following costs faced by arbitrageurs: (i) risk, both fundamental and non-fundamental, (ii) short-selling costs, (iii) leverage and margin constraints, and (iv) constraints on equity capital. We finally discuss implications for welfare and policy, and suggest directions for future research.
An Examination of Economic and Statistical Approaches that Address Sample Selection Bias , Inaccuracy , and Optimism in Analysts ’ Earnings Forecasts

This paper addresses concerns about forecasting accuracy and bias in analysts’ and extant model-based forecasting by proposing a cross-sectional earnings forecasting model that incorporates the mean reversion in earnings. We compare forecasts from our model to other models by evaluating out-of-sample accuracy, showing that forecasts from our model range from 7% more accurate at short horizons to 27% more accurate at long horizons. We compare forecasts from our model to consensus analysts’ forecasts by evaluating accuracy and bias, showing that forecasts from our model are more accurate than those of analysts from five quarters ahead to twenty quarters ahead. In addition, we find that consensus analysts’ forecasts are almost as optimistic as random walk forecasts are pessimistic; therefore, combining these forecasts yields relatively unbiased forecasts, compared to others. We also show that intrinsic values based on forecasts from our proposed model have comparable explanatory power for price when compared with intrinsic values based on analysts’ forecasts. Overall, our findings have important implications for market participants and researchers interested in forecasting earnings, especially over long horizons and for firms not covered by analysts.
A graph-based method for detecting characteristic phenotypes from biomedical images

We propose a novel method for detecting characteristic informative phenotype patterns from biomedical images. By building a metric space quantifying the difference between images, we learn the distributions of different classes, and then detect the characteristic regions using graph partition. We show that the detected regions are statistically significant. Our approach can also be used for designing differentiating features for specific data set. We apply our method to a digital pathology problem and successfully detect two characteristic phenotypes pertaining to normal liver and hepatoblastoma nuclei. In addition to digital pathology, our method can be applied to other biomedical problems for detecting characteristic phenotypes (e.g. location proteomics, genetic screens, cell mechanics, etc.).
What Subject Matter Knowledge do second-level teachers need to know to teach trigonometry? An exploration and case study

This study reports on the level of trigonometry Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK) of third and final-year pre-service second-level mathematics teachers () at an Irish third-level institution. The aim of the study was to determine if this sample of prospective teachers has an appropriate level of SMK to teach second-level trigonometric concepts. The development of an instrument to measure teachers’ SMK of trigonometry with respect to teaching trigonometric concepts at second level is detailed in this report, and the subsequent findings from its administration to the sample are discussed. The findings indicate that the sample has gaps in their SMK of trigonometric concepts that are on second-level syllabi and are underprepared to teach those concepts for understanding. This study reveals that the majority of the sample has enough SMK to teach the early years of second-level trigonometry but does not have enough SMK to teach the later years. The strengths and shortcomings of the sample in relation to their SMK of trigonometry are presented. The authors conclude that second-level trigonometry content should be taught in initial mathematics teacher education in order to combat this issue.
Modeling and Mapping Multilingual and Historically Diverse Content

Recent digitization efforts made archival content m ore available and even searchable through the Web. History researchers use this content for studying p ast events in relation to general historiographical issues, which may involve politics, society, ethics, and ot hers. However, for locating relevant content the researchers need to know the terminology used for t he topic of interest in the past. This problem is c rucial for history researchers, because it affects the tim e and quality of their work. Another problem of gre at importance when dealing with the archival content i s multilingualism. Simple translation is not enough to identify a relevant term in other language, because a term may undergo different changes in different social or cultural contexts. In order to address th ese challenges, the EU-funded project Papyrus aims to develop tool support for cross-disciplinary informa tion retrieval of news content for historical resea rch. To model both disciplines, i.e. history and news, w e developed two ontologies. The News ontology reflects the perspective of news professionals on d igital archives using the NewsML-G2 standard. Whereas the History ontology models the history per spective on the events and topics covered by the news. The History ontology is based on the CIDOC Concept Reference Model that embraces several standards of modeling information in the cultural h eritage domain. To provide a means of communication between these two disciplines, we use mappings that establish correspondences between the News and History ontologies. This work discusses the major c hallenges in modeling and mapping terms and concepts describing the archival content that is mu ltilingual and historically diverse.
Laccase Gene Family in Cerrena sp. HYB07: Sequences, Heterologous Expression and Transcriptional Analysis

Laccases are a class of multi-copper oxidases with industrial potential. In this study, eight laccases (Lac1–8) from Cerrena sp. strain HYB07, a white-rot fungus with high laccase yields, were analyzed. The laccases showed moderate identities to each other as well as with other fungal laccases and were predicted to have high redox potentials except for Lac6. Selected laccase isozymes were heterologously expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and different enzymatic properties were observed. Transcription of the eight laccase genes was differentially regulated during submerged and solid state fermentation, as shown by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and validated reference genes. During 6-day submerged fermentation, Lac7 and 2 were successively the predominantly expressed laccase gene, accounting for over 95% of all laccase transcripts. Interestingly, accompanying Lac7 downregulation, Lac2 transcription was drastically upregulated on days 3 and 5 to 9958-fold of the level on day 1. Consistent with high mRNA abundance, Lac2 and 7, but not other laccases, were identified in the fermentation broth by LC-MS/MS. In solid state fermentation, less dramatic differences in transcript abundance were observed, and Lac3, 7 and 8 were more highly expressed than other laccase genes. Elucidating the properties and expression profiles of the laccase gene family will facilitate understanding, production and commercialization of the fungal strain and its laccases.
Whips, Chains and Books on Campus: How Organizations Legitimate Their Stigmatized Practices

This paper explores how emergent organizations with core stigma and taboo practices work to gain widespread acceptance, extending work on organizational legitimacy and highlighting the growing number of purpose-driven organizations. We focus on emergent organizations because little is known about how they develop enough acceptance to become established in the first place. We examine the intersection of core stigma and strategies in emergent purpose-driven organizations through the provocative case of official university student organizations focused on kink and kinky sexuality. From examination of these organizations’ historical emergence and university-sanctioned constitutions, which provide an example of emergent organizations requiring sanction from a larger umbrella organization, we posit that (1) due process and impersonal evaluation processes enable recognition of taboo topics, particularly if official sanction is focused on organizational structure and roles, rather than actual practices and (2) or.
Game-Theoretic Security Patrolling with Dynamic Execution Uncertainty and a Case Study on a Real Transit System

Attacker-Defender Stackelberg security games (SSGs) have emerged as an important research area in multi-agent systems. However, existing SSGs models yield fixed, static, schedules which fail in dynamic domains where defenders face execution uncertainty, i.e., in domains where defenders may face unanticipated disruptions of their schedules. A concrete example is an application involving checking fares on trains, where a defender’s schedule is frequently interrupted by fare evaders, making static schedules useless. To address this shortcoming, this paper provides four main contributions. First, we present a novel general Bayesian Stackelberg game model for security resource allocation in dynamic uncertain domains. In this new model, execution uncertainty is handled by using a Markov decision process (MDP) for generating defender policies. Second, we study the problem of computing a Stackelberg equilibrium for this game and exploit problem structure to reduce it to a polynomial-sized optimization problem. Shifting to evaluation, our third contribution shows, in simulation, that our MDP-based policies overcome the failures of previous SSG algorithms. In so doing, we can now build a complete system, that enables handling of schedule interruptions and, consequently, to conduct some of the first controlled experiments on SSGs in the field. Hence, as our final contribution, we present results from a real-world experiment on Metro trains in Los Angeles validating our MDPbased model, and most importantly, concretely measuring the benefits of SSGs for security resource allocation.
Speech Output Generation in GoalGetterE

In this paper a method for speech output generation in data-to-speech systems is proposed, called phrase concatenation, which tries to nd a balance between naturalness and exibility of the speech output. The GoalGet-ter system, which generates spoken monologues on football matches, serves as an example. The phrase concatenation technique involves concatenating prerecorded words and phrases, which is new in that diierent prosodic versions of otherwise identical phrases are recorded.
A recursive least squares algorithm robust to low-power excitation

This paper proposes a new recursive least squares adaptive algorithm, called the variable memory length (VML) algorithm. The new algorithm is robust in system identification problems in which the input power can be significantly reduced during operation. Most RLS-type algorithms tend to increase the error in the estimated weight vector in such situations. The VML algorithm keeps the mean square deviation of the weight unchanged during the absence of signal power. It should encounter application in systems such as automotive suspension fault detection and system identification using speech signals. In both cases, considerable periods of low input power during operation are common.