Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jumping the hurdles for smoking cessation in pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in Australia

Tobacco smoking perpetuates the disadvantages experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for poor maternal and infant outcomes in pregnancy. Over half of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women smoke during pregnancy and few successfully quit. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women face many intrinsic barriers to quitting such as low socioeconomic disadvantage and patterns of use in family networks. There are also several extrinsic hurdles surrounding current practice guidelines and policy that may limit success in reducing smoking rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women during pregnancy: the use of the Stages of Change (SOC) model; delay in the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and the absence of subsidised intermittent NRT. A more proactive approach towards smoking cessation for pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women may be necessary, including moving away from the SOC model approach and subsidised provision of intermittent NRT. Comprehensive programs that take into account the family network and wider social context are also recommended.
Home-sickness and Immigrant Psychoses. Austrian and German Domestic Servants the Basis of Study

1. This study deals with 40 foreign domestic servants, mainly German and Austrian, suffering from mental disorder. 2. Whether innate or acquired, the need for companionship must be satisfied. 3. Conflict between family ties and herd or group feelings among immigrants excites home-sickness. 4. Home-sickness combined with loneliness and exhaustion comprise the principal aetiological factors producing psychoses among immigrants. Hereditary elements do not figure prominently. 5. 1. Psychological mechanisms brought into play centre strikingly around those identifications characteristic of group formations. Mistakes of identity are common, and illusions of resemblance appear to follow the stratifications peculiar to primitive notions of kinship. Claims of familial relationship are based not so much on superficial pictorial resemblance as upon age—persons of the same age as the patient are regarded as sisters and brothers, and those a generation ahead are treated as parents. 2. Circumstances compel a duplication of the world into real and imaginary. Religious ideas are therefore called into being. Identification of God with the father occurs frequently. Mystical rites, prayers, ecstasies, and fears associated with the devil feature strikingly. 3. Delusions connected with Royalty arise and depend partly on the identification of the King as Father. 4. Stripping of clothes is noted as a symptom, and this paper discusses the significance of this phenomenon. 6. Escape—“Nur fort”—the desire to get away lies at the bottom of the frequent change of employer, of the many attempts at suicide, of love affairs, real and imaginary, and of delusions of sexual assault. 7. The forms of mental disorder met with in the present series of cases comprise acute confusional states, acute schizophrenic conditions, paraphrenia, and involutional forms. Rarely reactive depressive and twilight states occur. Endogenous manic-depressive insanity is rarer still. Bodily reactions may be seen in all the above forms—loss of appetite, toxaemia, vegetative-nervous changes being among the most common, and being most likely to be found in the acute confusional and acute schizophrenic types of disorder. 8. The views of Braun, Kraepelin, Kretschmer and Bleuler are discussed. 9. American and French experience is referred to regarding the problem of selection of immigrants. The practical absence of political refugees among my group of cases tends to suggest that perhaps such refugees do not break down so frequently. Other prophylactic measures discussed are the question of “institutionalization” of foreign domestic servants, and the desirability of obtaining medical opinion before renewal of permits. 10. Temporary treatment is preferred to certification. 11. Apart from general measures in treatment, persuasion, encouragement and group discussion are valuable. 12. The prognosis is fairly good. About two-thirds of the cases recover or are repatriated within twelve months of hospital treatment.
Land Use Changes in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua: A Systems Dynamic Model

The objective of this article is to offer a model to simulate land use changes in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The city faces serious challenges posed by accelerated demographic and urban growth. In its struggle to respond to urban land development pressures, governments, planning agencies and social civil organizations are overwhelmed by a multitude of concerns. The analysis of land use change revolves around two central and interrelated questions: What drives/ causes land use change? What are the environmental and socio-demographic impacts of land change? The land use changes are approached as a complex system in which the elements that define the system and how these relate to each are identified. The development of dynamic simulation models that allow for the generation of different scenarios can be an important tool for urban planning. The software used to simulate the land uses changes is Stella ® . The results of the model
Microstructured Arrayed Microfluidic Waveguide Structure for Infrared Radiation Focusing and Transfer

A microstructured arrayed microfluidic waveguide structure for infrared radiation focussing and transfer is proposed and demonstrated. The arrayed waveguide structure comprises Masterbond UV-curable epoxy UV15 optimised using ZEMAX optical design software to achieve high efficiency of heat capture through far-infrared light focussing and subsequent absorption of the radiation on a centralised fluid medium. A high degree of alignment of the precision-positioned fluidic microchannels with the symmetry axes and the focal plane locations of the cylindrical microlens array is demonstrated, which maximises the efficiency of absorption of the incident IR light energy within the moving fluid. Observation of ink flows through the initial device prototype confirms the suitability of our microfluidic channel fabrication technology for the transfer of far-infrared light (heat) transfer. This microstructured arrayed waveguide structure has application for development of a textile fabric that enhances surface heat removal.
Writing the Self versus Writing the Other: Comparing Autobiographical and Life History Data

In recent years social scientists have witnessed a variety of concerted, if not impassioned, examinations of writing and interviewing as contested sites of knowledge and representation. These examinations stem largely from cultural studies and postmodernist proposals for a revised epistemology that directly challenge older orthodoxies and conventions that, it is claimed, have produced only univocal, detached, experience-far, and researcher-centered representations of social life (see the excellent overviews by Richardson [2000] and Fontana and Frey [2000]). Across the board, scholars now seek more exible and encompassing alternatives to this “detached scientist” mode that reect the multiple goals, styles, and interests of contemporary scholars. One issue has emerged as a focus of these examinations and debates; it pertains to the relative merits and problems of “writing the self” versus “writing the other,” which not only entail questions of representation but of social distance. For example, we see arguments today that we would not have seen earlier, namely, that the risks once thought to be too great to take in “going native” are now regarded as false issues and that the task today is “to live ever closer to the lives about which we write” (Lincoln and Denzin 1994:575). One proposed means for getting “ever closer” is through the use of autobiographies, as illustrated by Laurel Richardson’s quite wonderful book, Fields of Play (1997). Quoting Kohl (1981:63), who was citing Dilthey, Richardson (1997:300) writes that “autobiography is the highest and most instructive form in which the understanding of life is confronting us. ” This claim implies that since we are always the closest to ourselves, self-representation in an
Design of Fault-Tolerant LTI State-Space Systems

The design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems in state form has traditionally focused on implementations that require the least number of state variables. Such minimal designs have attempted to limit the required resources, such as hardware, computation time or power, by minimizing the system dimension. In recent years, however, the increasing necessity for the design and implementation of fault-tolerant systems has proved that “controlled redundancy” (that is, redundancy that has been intentionally introduced in some systematic way) can be extremely important: it can be used to detect and correct errors or to guarantee desirable performance despite hardware or computational failures. Modular redundancy, the traditional approach to fault tolerance, is prohibitively expensive because of the overhead in replicating the hardware. This paper discusses alternative methods for systematically introducing redundancy for LTI systems in state form. Our approach consists of mapping the state space of the original system into a redundant space of higher dimension while preserving, within this larger space, the properties of the original system in some encoded form. We provide a complete characterization of the class of appropriate redundant LTI systems and illustrate through several examples ways in which our framework can be used for achieving fault tolerance.
Human Capital Pipelines

This article offers pipelines as a new perspective on human capital heterogeneity between firms. Using resource-based theory logic, we define pipelines as repeated interorganizational hiring and a practice firms use to differentially acquire and accumulate human capital and mitigate human capital risks. Pipelines are a ubiquitous staffing practice with ambiguous implications for firm performance that to date have eluded scholarly examination. Thus we use a systems framework to highlight input, output, and process contingencies in which pipeline hiring can create advantage over rivals—contingencies of human capital scarcity in the labor market, the choice of firm activity system, and product market ambiguity (i.e., credence qualities), respectively. Collectively, the article’s theoretical foundations provide new insights for human resource, strategy, and human capital fields and open the conceptual space of pipelines for examination by organizational scholars. We discuss the theoretical, empirical, and practical implications accordingly.
Eye Contact and Fear of Being Laughed at in a Gaze Discrimination Task

Current approaches conceptualize gelotophobia as a personality trait characterized by a disproportionate fear of being laughed at by others. Consistently with this perspective, gelotophobes are also described as neurotic and introverted and as having a paranoid tendency to anticipate derision and mockery situations. Although research on gelotophobia has significantly progressed over the past two decades, no evidence exists concerning the potential effects of gelotophobia in reaction to eye contact. Previous research has pointed to difficulties in discriminating gaze direction as the basis of possible misinterpretations of others’ intentions or mental states. The aim of the present research was to examine whether gelotophobia predisposition modulates the effects of eye contact (i.e., gaze discrimination) when processing faces portraying several emotional expressions. In two different experiments, participants performed an experimental gaze discrimination task in which they responded, as quickly and accurately as possible, to the eyes’ directions on faces displaying either a happy, angry, fear, neutral, or sad emotional expression. In particular, we expected trait-gelotophobia to modulate the eye contact effect, showing specific group differences in the happiness condition. The results of Study 1 (N = 40) indicated that gelotophobes made more errors than non-gelotophobes did in the gaze discrimination task. In contrast to our initial hypothesis, the happiness expression did not have any special role in the observed differences between individuals with high vs. low trait-gelotophobia. In Study 2 (N = 40), we replicated the pattern of data concerning gaze discrimination ability, even after controlling for individuals’ scores on social anxiety. Furthermore, in our second experiment, we found that gelotophobes did not exhibit any problem with identifying others’ emotions, or a general incorrect attribution of affective features, such as valence, intensity, or arousal. Therefore, this bias in processing gaze might be related to the global processes of social cognition. Further research is needed to explore how eye contact relates to the fear of being laughed at.
An efficient volumetric framework for shape tracking

Recovering 3D shape motion using visual information is an important problem with many applications in computer vision and computer graphics, among other domains. Most existing approaches rely on surface-based strategies, where surface models are fit to visual surface observations. While numerically plausible, this paradigm ignores the fact that the observed surfaces often delimit volumetric shapes, for which deformations are constrained by the volume in-side the shape. Consequently, surface-based strategies can fail when the observations define several feasible surfaces, whereas volumetric considerations are more restrictive with respect to the admissible solutions. In this work, we investigate a novel volumetric shape parametrization to track shapes over temporal sequences. In constrast to Eulerian grid discretizations of the observation space, such as voxels, we consider general shape tesselations yielding more convenient cell decompositions, in particular the Centroidal Voronoi Tesselation. With this shape representation, we devise a tracking method that exploits volumetric information, both for the data term evaluating observation conformity, and for expressing deformation constraints that enforce prior assumptions on motion. Experiments on several datasets demonstrate similar or improved precisions over state-of-the-art methods, as well as improved robustness, a critical issue when tracking sequentially over time frames.
Metalinguistic Analysis of Therapeutic Discourse: Flight into a Second Language When the Analyst and the Analysand Are Multilingual

The choice of a particular language for the conduct of analysis becomes an important theoretical and clinical question when both the analyst and the analysand are multilingual and share the same languages. Shift from one language into another language during analysis is an equally important question. This paper offers an analysis of the flight into a second language by both the analysand and the analyst within the transference-countertransference matrix. The focus of the discussion is the communicative nature of the mother tongue vis-à-vis a second language. The author argues that unconscious fantasies and memories of early childhood experiences are built into the mother tongue and are brought to life in the analytic dialogue by way of that language. Shift into a second language is viewed as primarily defensive in nature. It is, however, noted that a second language may at times provide the only space where the analyst can meet the patient out of reach of certain personal and cultural ghosts. Finally, since the mother tongue is viewed as the preverbal register of the transitional space, it is suggested that the working through of preoedipal issues be ultimately carried out in that language.
RECEPTIVE FIELDS AND FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN TWO NONSTRIATE VISUAL AREAS (18 AND 19) OF THE CAT.

To UNDERSTAND VISION in physiological terms represents a formidable problem for the biologist. I t am0 unts to learning how the nervous system handles incoming messages so that form, color, movement, and depth can be perceived and interpreted. One approach, perhaps the most direct, is to stimulate the retina with patterns of light while recording from single cells or fibers at various points along the visual pa thway. For each cell the optimum stimulus can be determined, and one can note the charac teristics common to cells at the next. each level in the visual pathway, and compare a given level with From studies carried out in the cat it is clear that visual messages undergo considerable modification, within the retina and the lateral geniculate body, and especially within the striate cortex (16, 12, 10, 13). Retinal-ganglion and geniculate cells respond optimally to an appropriately placed spot of light of just the right size; a smaller or larger spot is less effective. Cells at these levels therefore register not simply the illumination of a region on the retina, but also the difference in illumination between a region and its surround. In the striate cortex cells are far more complex and diverse in their response properties. The great majority respond best to straight-line stimuli: for a given cell the optimum stimulus may be a white or dark line, or an edge separating light from dark. A line stimulus is effective only when shone in an orientation that is characteristic for the cell; there is typically no response when the stimulus is shone at 90' to the optimum orientation, and the range of orientations over which a response is evoked may be 30' or even less. Some cells prefer one inclination, others another, and we have no evidence that any one orientation, such as vertical or horizontal, is more common than another. For some cells, termed " simple, " the exact position of the stimulus is critical: even a slight displacement of the line to a new position, without changing its orientation, produces a dramatic decrease in the response. These properties of simple cells are dictated by the arrangement of excitatory and inhibitory regions of the receptive field, as mapped with small-spot stimulation (10). The simplest assumption is that each of the simple cortical cells receives its input directly from a specific group of cells in the lateral geniculate body (13, text-Fig. …
Verbal Cueing and Environmental Modifications: Strategies to Improve Engagement in Occupations in Persons with Alzheimer Disease

This study examined the effects of individual intervention programs using environmental modifications and caregiver training in verbal cueing and verbal reinforcement in persons with Alzheimer disease residing in an assisted living facility. Five residents were observed performing two daily living tasks of their choice and evaluated using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Using results of AMPS evaluations, individual intervention programs were developed for each resident by the researcher. Following caregiver training the individual programs were implemented with residents who were re-evaluated after two weeks. All residents showed statistically significant improvements in process ability measures and two residents showed improvement in motor ability measures. The results from this study demonstrated that caregiver training and environmental modifications can improve performance in activities of daily living in those with Alzheimer disease.
Hybrid Intrusion Detection System for Complicated Network

The current network is complicated due to the high- throughput and the multiformity of actions. A hybrid intrusion detection system (HIDSFCN) is proposed in this study to satisfy the current network. It combines the advantages of all kinds of IDS and put forwards our own solvents to those key problems in current research. Experiment results demonstrate that our HIDSFCN is of high performance and good practicability.
Mutation of Hip’s Carboxy-Terminal Region Inhibits a Transitional Stage of Progesterone Receptor Assembly

ABSTRACT Steroid receptor complexes are assembled through an ordered, multistep pathway involving multiple components of the cytoplasmic chaperone machinery. Two of these components are Hsp70-binding proteins, Hip and Hop, that have some limited homology in their C-terminal regions, outside the sequences mapped for Hsp70 binding. Within this region of Hip is a DPEV sequence that occurs twice; in Hop, one DPEV sequence plus a partial second sequence occurs. In an effort to better understand Hip function as it relates to assembly of progesterone receptor complexes, the DPEV region of Hip was targeted for mutations. Each DPEV sequence was mutated to an APAV sequence, singly or in combination. The combined mutation, APAV2, was further combined with a deletion of Hip’s tetratricopeptide repeat region that is required for Hsp70 binding or with a deletion of Hip’s GGMP repeat. An additional mutant was prepared by truncation of Hip’s DPEV-containing C terminus. By comparing interactions of various Hip forms with Hsp70, it was determined that mutation of the DPEV sequences created a dominant inhibitory form of Hip. The mutant Hip-Hsp70 complex was not prevented from interacting with progesterone receptor, but the mutant caused a dose-dependent inhibition of receptor assembly with Hsp90. The behavior of the Hip mutant is consistent with a model in which Hip and Hop are required to facilitate the transition from an early receptor complex with Hsp70 into later complexes containing Hsp90.
Tools and brains in birds

Tools are traditionally defined as objects that are used as an extension of the body and held directly in the hand or mouth. By these standards, a vulture breaking an egg by hitting it with a stone uses a tool, but a gull dropping an egg on a rock does not. This distinction between true and borderline (or proto-tool) cases has been criticized for its arbitrariness and anthropocentrism. We show here that relative size of the neostriatum and whole brain distinguish the true and borderline categories in birds using tools to obtain food or water. From two sources, the specialized literature on tools and an innovation data base gathered in the short note sections of 68 journals in 7 areas of the world, we collected 39 true (e.g. use of probes, hammers, sponges, scoops) and 86 borderline (e.g. bait fishing, battering and dropping on anvils, holding with wedges and skewers) cases of tool use in 104 species from 15 parvorders. True tool users have a larger mean residual brain size (regressed against body weight) than do users of borderline tools, confirming the distinction in the literature. In multiple regressions, residual brain size and residual size of the neostriatum (one of the areas in the avian telencephalon thought to be equivalent to the mammalian neocortex) are the best predictors of true tool use reports per taxon. Innovation rate is the best predictor of borderline tool use distribution. Despite the strong concentration of true tool use cases in Corvida and Passerida, independent constrasts suggest that common ancestry is not responsible for the association between tool use and size of the neostriatum and whole brain. Our results demonstrate that birds are more frequent tool users than usually thought and that the complex cognitive processes involved in tool use may have repeatedly co-evolved with large brains in several orders of birds.