Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Source Reconstruction of Brain Potentials Using Bayesian Model Averaging to Analyze Face Intra-Domain vs. Face-Occupation Cross-Domain Processing

We investigated the neural correlates of the access to and retrieval of face structure information in contrast to those concerning the access to and retrieval of person-related verbal information, triggered by faces. We experimentally induced stimulus familiarity via a systematic learning procedure including faces with and without associated verbal information. Then, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in both intra-domain (face-feature) and cross-domain (face-occupation) matching tasks while N400-like responses were elicited by incorrect eyes-eyebrows completions and occupations, respectively. A novel Bayesian source reconstruction approach plus conjunction analysis of group effects revealed that in both cases the generated N170s were of similar amplitude but had different neural origin. Thus, whereas the N170 of faces was associated predominantly to right fusiform and occipital regions (the so-called “Fusiform Face Area”, “FFA” and “Occipital Face Area”, “OFA”, respectively), the N170 of occupations was associated to a bilateral very posterior activity, suggestive of basic perceptual processes. Importantly, the right-sided perceptual P200 and the face-related N250 were evoked exclusively in the intra-domain task, with sources in OFA and extensively in the fusiform region, respectively. Regarding later latencies, the intra-domain N400 seemed to be generated in right posterior brain regions encompassing mainly OFA and, to some extent, the FFA, likely reflecting neural operations triggered by structural incongruities. In turn, the cross-domain N400 was related to more anterior left-sided fusiform and temporal inferior sources, paralleling those described previously for the classic verbal N400. These results support the existence of differentiated neural streams for face structure and person-related verbal processing triggered by faces, which can be activated differentially according to specific task demands.
Target of physiological gait: Realization of speed adaptive control for a prosthetic knee during swing flexion.

BACKGROUND Prosthetic knee is the most important component of lower limb prosthesis. Speed adaptive for prosthetic knee during swing flexion is the key method to realize physiological gait. OBJECTIVE This study aims to discuss the target of physiological gait, propose a speed adaptive control method during swing flexion and research the damping adjustment law of intelligent hydraulic prosthetic knee. METHODS According to the physiological gait trials of healthy people, the control target during swing flexion is defined. A new prosthetic knee with fuzzy logical control during swing flexion is designed to realize the damping adjustment automatically. The function simulation and evaluation system of intelligent knee prosthesis is provided. Speed adaptive control test of the intelligent prosthetic knee in different velocities are researched. RESULTS The maximum swing flexion of the knee angle is set between sixty degree and seventy degree as the target of physiological gait. Preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the prosthetic knee with fuzzy logical control is able to realize physiological gait under different speeds. The faster the walking, the bigger the valve closure percentage of the hydraulic prosthetic knee. CONCLUSIONS The proposed fuzzy logical control strategy and intelligent hydraulic prosthetic knee are effective for the amputee to achieve physiological gait.
Pipe Dreams: Tapping into the Health Information in Our Sewers

Most of us have an attitude of “flush it and forget it,” but to scientists like Rolf Halden, our waste is a bonanza of valuable information on population-level chemical exposures. Halden is an environmental scientist at Arizona State University’s Biodesign Institute, where he maintains the National Sewage Sludge Repository—a collection of hundreds of samples of raw sewage and sludge collected from more than 200 sites around the United States.1 The sample bottles are filled with a brownish-black slurry derived from raw sewage, “so it has everything that is flushed down the toilet,” says Arjunkrishna Venkatesan, a postdoctoral research associate on Halden’s team. “If you collect samples from sewerage manholes, sampling equipment is going to get clogged, and you’re going to have hair, condoms, and all sorts of stuff. ” The laboratory staff filter out most of those solids, then freeze the samples for storage. The emerging field of sewage chemical-information mining is taking advantage of a readily available yet underappreciated resource: the untreated waste flowing under our feet and the biosolids remaining after treatment. It turns out that sewage and sewage . As disgusting as the samples may be, the repository is helping to open up a field known broadly as sewage chemical-information mining (SCIM). This field is using the sewage destined for wastewater treatment plants as a medium for chemical exposures within a community, exposures that are impractical to measure by other means. Other studies are looking at sewage sludge (the solids that remain after wastewater treatment) for information on chemicals that can accumulate in the human body. Still another approach, known as BioSCIM, measures biomarkers in sewage as a way to assess the overall health status of communities. SCIM initially took off in 2001 when scientists hypothesized they could measure the metabolites of illicit drugs like cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine in untreated wastewater collected from city sewers.2 This particular application of SCIM was originally known as “sewage epidemiology. ” The success of this technique has been tested in Europe3,4 and most recently provided per capita estimates of drug usage in cities including Antwerp, Stockholm, and London.5 Now sewage epidemiology is being applied to substances beyond illicit drugs. Since 2010 Halden has published nearly 50 papers on the subject. One study calculated per capita chemical consumption and, based on levels found in sewage sludge, estimated exposure to more than 70 pharmaceuticals and other chemicals used in consumer products.6 “This work lets us put a finger on the chemical pulse of a nation,” Halden says.
PROPERTIES OF CAST AMORPHOUS MICROWIRE

The cast amorphous glass-coated microwires with different magnetostriction constant were investigated. Microwires were produced of these alloys by the Ulitovsky - Taylor method. We explain the experimental data in the area of study natural ferromagnetic resonance , giant magneto-impedance and domain structures.
Domestication Process of the Goat Revealed by an Analysis of the Nearly Complete Mitochondrial Protein-Encoding Genes

Goats (Capra hircus) are one of the oldest domesticated species, and they are kept all over the world as an essential resource for meat, milk, and fiber. Although recent archeological and molecular biological studies suggested that they originated in West Asia, their domestication processes such as the timing of population expansion and the dynamics of their selection pressures are little known. With the aim of addressing these issues, the nearly complete mitochondrial protein-encoding genes were determined from East, Southeast, and South Asian populations. Our coalescent time estimations suggest that the timing of their major population expansions was in the Late Pleistocene and significantly predates the beginning of their domestication in the Neolithic era (≈10,000 years ago). The ω (ratio of non-synonymous rate/synonymous substitution rate) for each lineage was also estimated. We found that the ω of the globally distributed haplogroup A which is inherited by more than 90% of goats examined, turned out to be extremely low, suggesting that they are under severe selection pressure probably due to their large population size. Conversely, the ω of the Asian-specific haplogroup B inherited by about 5% of goats was relatively high. Although recent molecular studies suggest that domestication of animals may tend to relax selective constraints, the opposite pattern observed in our goat mitochondrial genome data indicates the process of domestication is more complex than may be presently appreciated and cannot be explained only by a simple relaxation model.
Both activated and less‐activated regions identified by functional MRI reconfigure to support task executions

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become very important for noninvasively characterizing BOLD signal fluctuations, which reflect the changes in neuronal firings in the brain. Unlike the activation detection strategy utilized with fMRI, which only emphasizes the synchronicity between the functional nodes (activated regions) and the task design, brain connectivity and network theory are able to decipher the interactive structure across the entire brain. However, little is known about whether and how the activated/less‐activated interactions are associated with the functional changes that occur when the brain changes from the resting state to a task state. What are the key networks that play important roles in the brain state changes?
The PTEN/Akt Signaling Pathway Mediates Myocardial Apoptosis in Swine After Coronary Microembolization

Background/Aims: Phosphatase and the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) has been recognized as a promoter of apoptosis in various tissues and has been shown to be upregulated in circumstances of coronary microembolization (CME). We hypothesized that the upregulation of PTEN correlates with CME-induced myocardial apoptosis. Methods: Swine CME was induced by an intracoronary injection of inert plastic microspheres (diameter of 42 μm) into the left anterior descending coronary, with or without pretreatment of the PTEN small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Echocardiological measurements, a pathological examination, Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL) staining, and Western blotting, were performed to assess their functional, morphological, and molecular effects in CME. Results: PTEN was aberrantly upregulated in cardiomyocytes following CME. Downregulation of PTEN in vivo via siRNA was associated with improved cardiac function and attenuated myocardial apoptosis; concomitantly inhibited the expression of key proapoptotic proteins, such as phosphorylated Bad (p-Bad); cleaved caspase-3; and enhanced the expression of key antiapoptotic proteins, such as phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt). However, there was no difference in the Akt-regulated downstream protein IκB kinases (IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ) among the sham, CME, and control siRNA groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway contributes to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The data generated from this study provide a rationale for the development of PTEN-based therapeutic strategies for CME-induced myocardial injury.
Long Term Suboxone™ Emotional Reactivity As Measured by Automatic Detection in Speech

Addictions to illicit drugs are among the nation’s most critical public health and societal problems. The current opioid prescription epidemic and the need for buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone®; SUBX) as an opioid maintenance substance, and its growing street diversion provided impetus to determine affective states (“true ground emotionality”) in long-term SUBX patients. Toward the goal of effective monitoring, we utilized emotion-detection in speech as a measure of “true” emotionality in 36 SUBX patients compared to 44 individuals from the general population (GP) and 33 members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Other less objective studies have investigated emotional reactivity of heroin, methadone and opioid abstinent patients. These studies indicate that current opioid users have abnormal emotional experience, characterized by heightened response to unpleasant stimuli and blunted response to pleasant stimuli. However, this is the first study to our knowledge to evaluate “true ground” emotionality in long-term buprenorphine/naloxone combination (Suboxone™). We found in long-term SUBX patients a significantly flat affect (p<0.01), and they had less self-awareness of being happy, sad, and anxious compared to both the GP and AA groups. We caution definitive interpretation of these seemingly important results until we compare the emotional reactivity of an opioid abstinent control using automatic detection in speech. These findings encourage continued research strategies in SUBX patients to target the specific brain regions responsible for relapse prevention of opioid addiction.
ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG TICKS OF THE GENERA RHIPICEPHALUS AND BOOPHILUS (ACARI: IXODIDAE) BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL 12S RIBOSOMAL DNA GENE SEQUENCES AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS

A portion of mitochondrial 12S rDNA sequences (337–355 base pairs) and 63 morphological characters of 36 hard-tick species belonging to 7 genera were analyzed to determine the phylogenetic relationships among groups and species of Rhipicephalus and between the genera Rhipicephalus and Boophilus. Molecular and morphological data sets were first examined separately. The molecular data were analyzed by maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood, and neighbor-joining distance methods; the morphological data were analyzed by MP. After their level of congruence was evaluated by a partition homogeneity test, all characters were combined and analyzed by MP. The branches of the tree obtained by combining the data sets were better resolved than those of the trees inferred from the separate analyses. Boophilus is monophyletic and arose within Rhipicephalus. Boophilus species clustered with species of the Rhipicephalus evertsi group. Most of the clustering within Rhipicephalus was, however, consistent with previous classifications based on morphological data. Morphological characters were traced on the molecular reconstruction in order to identify characters diagnostic for monophyletic clades. Within the Rhipicephalus sanguineus complex, the sequences of specimens morphologically identified as Rhipicephalus turanicus were characterized by a high level of variability, indicating that R. turanicus-like morphology may cover a spectrum of distinct species.
Sensation and perception

Long regarded as the gold standard in sensation and perception texts, E. Bruce Goldstein's SENSATION AND PERCEPTION has helped more than 100,000 students make the connection between perception and physiology. Goldstein has crafted an easier-to-understand, and more student-friendly book, without sacrificing the text's comprehensive examination of sensation and perception. Goldstein takes readers on an intriguing journey through their senses, and chronicles scientists' efforts to understand the fascinating behind the scenes activity that allows us to perceive. With balanced coverage of all senses, this book offers an integrated examination of how the senses work together. Goldstein shows readers how seemingly simple experiences are actually extremely complex mechanisms and examines both the psychophysical and physiological underpinnings of perception. All material is presented in a way students find interesting and easy to follow. The book's visually dynamic presentation includes numerous color plates that are presented as visual topic essays. In addition, more than 50 hands-on demonstrations illustrate perceptual experiences. All are simple enough for students to do and are seamlessly integrated into the flow of the text.
The Transcriptional Co-Repressor Myeloid Translocation Gene 16 Inhibits Glycolysis and Stimulates Mitochondrial Respiration

The myeloid translocation gene 16 product MTG16 is found in multiple transcription factor–containing complexes as a regulator of gene expression implicated in development and tumorigenesis. A stable Tet-On system for doxycycline–dependent expression of MTG16 was established in B-lymphoblastoid Raji cells to unravel its molecular functions in transformed cells. A noticeable finding was that expression of certain genes involved in tumor cell metabolism including 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 and 4 (PFKFB3 and PFKFB4), and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme 1 (PDK1) was rapidly diminished when MTG16 was expressed. Furthermore, hypoxia–stimulated production of PFKFB3, PFKFB4 and PDK1 was inhibited by MTG16 expression. The genes in question encode key regulators of glycolysis and its coupling to mitochondrial metabolism and are commonly found to be overexpressed in transformed cells. The MTG16 Nervy Homology Region 2 (NHR2) oligomerization domain and the NHR3 protein–protein interaction domain were required intact for inhibition of PFKFB3, PFKFB4 and PDK1 expression to occur. Expression of MTG16 reduced glycolytic metabolism while mitochondrial respiration and formation of reactive oxygen species increased. The metabolic changes were paralleled by increased phosphorylation of mitogen–activated protein kinases, reduced levels of amino acids and inhibition of proliferation with a decreased fraction of cells in S-phase. Overall, our findings show that MTG16 can serve as a brake on glycolysis, a stimulator of mitochondrial respiration and an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Hence, elevation of MTG16 might have anti–tumor effect.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric neoplasms using a snare tip

Abstract Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables the complete removal of gastric lesions regardless of tumor size. ESD is typically performed using one of several available electrocautery knives and endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is performed using a diathermic snare. We aimed to investigate the clinical outcomes and complications in patients in whom a snare tip was used for ESD. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated the medical records of 30 patients who underwent removal of a gastric lesion using a snare tip by ESD or hybrid ESD (ESD with snaring). For hybrid ESD, snaring was performed after an adequate submucosal dissection. The clinical outcomes according to the endoscopic procedure performed were evaluated. Results: ESD was performed in 12 patients and hybrid ESD was performed in 26 patients. Overall en-bloc and complete resection rates were both 97.4%. There was one case where piece-meal resection was performed in the hybrid ESD group. There were no procedure related complications such as perforation or bleeding. The mean specimen size was 2.8 ± 0.6 cm in the ESD group and 2.3 ± 0.5 cm in the hybrid ESD group (p = .031). The mean procedure time did not differ between the two methods (12.8 min in ESD and 9.7 min in hybrid ESD, p = .060). Conclusions: The snare tip can be used as an electrocautery knife to incise the mucosa and dissect the submucosa during removal of a gastric lesion.
Influence of ZrO2-Y2O3 and ZrO2-CaO coatings on microstructural and mechanical properties on Mg-1,3Ca- 5,5Zr biodegradable alloy

Zirconia (ZrO2) as a ceramic biomaterial facilitates the osteoconductivity in new bone formation around implant. In order to improve the degradation and the surface properties, it is necessary to apply a surface film to satisfy multiple clinical requirements such as mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and degradation rate. Therefore, surface changing to form a tenacious, biocompatible and corrosion resistant modified layer has become a necessary study in biodegradable materials. The aim of the study is to observe the morphology, structural and scratch analysis for some coatings of ZrO2-CaO and ZrO2-Y2O3 having similar thickness deposited with an atmospheric plasma spraying facility, Sulzer Metco 9MCE, using scanning electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction. Some mechanical aspects were highlighted during the scratch test. Comparative scratch tests were carried out to study the bonding properties between the coatings and the substrates.
Secure frequent itemset mining from horizontally distributed databases

We propose a protocol for hiding the infrequent itemsets in horizontally distributed databases. Databases are horizontally partitioned when they are distributed among different players. Each player holds identical schema, but have information on different objects. Mining of frequent itemsets existed in databases of different players cause sensitive data leakage from one player to another player or to any third party. Mining should not reveal any players locally supported frequent itemsets among themselves or any third party. In order to maintain privacy, security is needed. We can provide the partial security to the item sets by removing infrequent subsets from the candidate item sets. In this thesis, a protocol for deriving frequent itemsets from horizontally distributed databases which does not leak secret information of the participating players in mining has been implemented. This protocol uses Fast Distributed Mining (FDM) algorithm which is given by Cheungetalet.el[3]. FDM algorithm uses the technique of Apriori[1] Algorithm to mine the frequent itemsets from distributed environment.
THE ROLES OF EXTENSIONAL AND SHEAR FLOWS OF SYNOVIAL FLUID AND REPLACEMENT SYSTEMS IN JOINT PROTECTION

ABSTRACT Extensional flows occur as components of most real flows and, unlike simple shear, can significantly stretch macromolecules, providing orders of magnitude increases in elastic forces and extensional viscosity. We examine the role of non-Newtonian rheology in the performance of synovial fluid in joints. We report the response of hyaluronic acid (HA) molecules, the major polymeric component of synovial fluid, to extensional and shear flows, and to the complex, but physiologically relevant, squeeze flow of a thin film. Extensional and shear flow experiments, which assess molecular orientation and its effect on the flow field, have been performed. HA molecules stretch at strain rates of biomechanical relevance, resulting in high extensional viscosity and elasticity. This mechanism can provide shock absorption and recovery in the knee joint. The effectiveness of the fluid is dependent upon the HA molecular weight. Degradation of HA molecules, as occurs in osteoarthritis, reduces the overall extensibility of the HA molecules, and so reduces the ability of the fluid to absorb a compressive shocks in the knee joint The complex stretching flow arising from squeezing a thin film is comparable to some flow regimes experienced in a knee joint, and we have developed apparatus to model such squeeze flows. Studies include linear and branched HA and systems with cross-linked gel particles to improve elasticity in prosthetic viscosupplementation.