Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNA Logic Circuits Based on Accurate Step Function Gate

DNA molecular as the material for logical computing and information storage has been widely applied. An important mechanism for DNA logical computing is the toehold-mediated DNA Strand Displacement (DSD). Researchers have used the DSD mechanism and designed various DNA circuits to perform logical computing processes. However, the logy reaction speed in some logic gates limited the speed of response, the output response is not sensitive enough. Therefore, no output response is often misjudged to logic “0”, high output response is not accurate to logic “1”. In this paper, we proposed a highly creditable step function gate, which consists of a step function module and a threshold module. The output signal in this proposed gate is highly sensitive and accurate to logic “0” & “1”. The proposed gate can recognize the difference between “no input” and “low input”. Besides, we built the OR, AND, NOT, XOR circuits by the proposed step function gate, and the simulation results are highly supported.
Predicting University Dropout through Data Analysis

University dropout is an issue which influences all colleges around the globe, such as, decreased enrolment, diminished income for the college, and monetary misfortunes for the State which supports the investigations, and establishes a social issue for undergraduate studies, their families, and society at large. Henceforth the significance of anticipating the percentage of dropout, in other words, recognize drop out of the undergraduate studies ahead of time, helps us to develop prior plans and solutions/alternative procedures to handle this issue. Here University data is isolated by utilizing Hadoop with HDFS, map-reduce, sqoop, hive and R. By employing these for the University data, find the better performer, average and poor performers, as well as their sports excellence, other skills, their participation interests, other activities involvement and other factors to isolate the poor performers and the students who are likely in the thought process of dropping out. By filtering such students priorly, helps us to suggest their department heads and by which proper attention may be given to these students and retain them without dropping out. It helps us to concentrate and practice extra care for these low performers and push them for scoring better grades. Various sorts of learning framework can be utilized to limit the odds of being a dropout. This will lessen the dropout paces of the college undergraduate studies.
DRD2 and ANKK1 gene polymorphisms and alcohol dependence: a case-control study among a Mendelian population of East Asian ancestry.

AIMS Dopamine receptors are extensively studied in association with alcohol dependence (AD), since they are thought to be the key neural substrate for alcohol and other drug-related reinforcement and reward behaviours. The present study aims to understand the role of dopamine receptors in susceptibility to AD with respect to three sites of DRD2 gene (-141C Ins/Del, TaqIB and TaqID) and TaqIA site of ANKK1 gene among Meiteis of Manipur, a Mendelian population of India. METHODS A total of 129 individuals who all met the DSM-IV criteria for AD and 286 controls were screened for four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -141C Ins/Del, TaqIB TaqID and TaqIA. Both AD cases and controls were unrelated up to first cousin. RESULTS Early age of onset of alcohol consumption and smoking status were significantly associated with AD. Improvement in education and occupation statuses showed decreased risk of AD. The heterozygous and mutant homozygous conditions of ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism were found to be significantly associated with AD (odds ratio = 2.13, 95% confidential interval 1.04-4.39, P < 0.05), whereas a borderline significance of the -141C Del allele was observed (P = 0.059). Such a trend was not observed between AD and the other polymorphism, i.e., TaqIB and TaqID. CONCLUSIONS Individuals carrying the A1 allele of ANKK1 TaqIA polymorphism may be relatively more susceptible to AD. Interaction of both ANKK1 TaqIA and -141C Ins/Del polymorphism is likely to increase risk of AD phenotypes among Meiteis of Manipur, India.
The Radical Scavenger Edaravone (3-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) Reacts with a Pterin Derivative and Produces a Cytotoxic Substance That Induces Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Cell Death

Cytotoxic effects of the combined use of edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one), a radical scavenger and an approved medicine for acute brain infarction in Japan, with a pterin derivative, were examined in vitro. When pancreatic cancer cell line Panc-1 cells were incubated with 50 to 400 μM of a pterin derivative, 2-(N,N-dimethylaminomethyleneamino)-6-formyl-3-pivaloylpteridine-4-one (DFP), and the equivalent dose of edaravone, reactive oxygen species (ROS), were generated, and cell death was induced. ROS generation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) preceding cell death were simultaneously monitored using time-lapse microscopy with an ROS-sensitive dye and a probe to monitor MMP, respectively. Cell death was also estimated quantitatively by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. ROS generation and cell death were prominent when more than 100 μM of each agent was used in combination, whereas the sole use of each agent did not show any effects even at the highest dose, 400 μM. Chemical analysis revealed that DFP and edaravone react immediately in aqueous solution and produce a new compound named DFP-E. DFP-E chemically reacted with NADH much faster than DFP and generated ROS, and biologically, it was much more cell-permeable than DFP. These findings collectively indicated that the combined use of DFP with edaravone produced DFP-E, which caused intracellular ROS generation and cell death. Cell death was observed in normal cells, and edaravone reacted with another pterin derivative to yield an ROS-generating compound. As a result, care should be taken with the clinical use of edaravone when pterin derivatives stay in the body.
Dual-band substrate integrated waveguide filter with independently controllable bandwidth

In this paper, a dual-band bandpass filter is proposed in substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A single cavity that supports both TE101 and TE201 resonating modes is used for the design. The two passbands are created by the two modes. To improve the selectivity, one bypass coupling path is introduced which provides additional transmission zero. The procedures to control the passband center frequencies as well as their bandwidths are presented. A prototype narrowband bandpass filter with the center frequencies of two passbands as 10 GHz and 11 GHz is fabricated for space applications. The 3 dB fractional bandwidths are 3% and 1.6%, respectively. The measured insertion losses at the passband center frequencies are 1.4 dB and 2.6 dB, respectively.
A Spectral Clustering-Based Community Detection Algorithm for RDF Graphs

Community detection is a widely explored research area in complex networks. Communities are a set of components with highly intra-community similarities and little inter-community similarities. Detecting community structure in complex directed and labeled graphs is an inter-disciplinary research area with great importance in real-world knowledge domains. This paper provides a precise description of a new complex directed and labeled graph, termed as Resource Description Framework (RDF) Graph. These graphs are solely based on specific semantic web knowledge bases. Furthermore, we propose a new community detection algorithm based on spectral clustering, termed as RDF-SCA, to detect patterns and communities in RDF Graphs. Finally, we present findings obtained from firing an RDF graph using our proposed RDF-SCA community detection algorithm.
Distribution of inspiratory drive to the external intercostal muscles in humans

The external intercostal muscles in humans show marked regional differences in respiratory effect, and this implies that their action on the lung during breathing is primarily determined by the spatial distribution of neural drive among them. To assess this distribution, monopolar electrodes were implanted under ultrasound guidance in different muscle areas in six healthy individuals and electromyographic recordings were made during resting breathing. The muscles in the dorsal portion of the third and fifth interspace showed phasic inspiratory activity with each breath in every subject. However, the muscle in the ventral portion of the third interspace showed inspiratory activity in only three subjects, and the muscle in the dorsal portion of the seventh interspace was almost invariably silent. Also, activity in the ventral portion of the third interspace, when present, and activity in the dorsal portion of the fifth interspace were delayed relative to the onset of activity in the dorsal portion of the third interspace. In addition, the discharge frequency of the motor units identified in the dorsal portion of the third interspace averaged (mean ±s.e.m.) 11.9 ± 0.3 Hz and was significantly greater than the discharge frequency of the motor units in both the ventral portion of the third interspace (6.0 ± 0.5 Hz) and the dorsal portion of the fifth interspace (6.7 ± 0.4 Hz). The muscle in the dorsal portion of the third interspace started firing simultaneously with the parasternal intercostal in the same interspace, and the discharge frequency of its motor units was even significantly greater (11.4 ± 0.3 vs. 8.9 ± 0.2 Hz). These observations indicate that the distribution of neural inspiratory drive to the external intercostals in humans takes place along dorsoventral and rostrocaudal gradients and mirrors the spatial distribution of inspiratory mechanical advantage.
Lambda-calcul et reseaux

Les liens etroits qu'entretient le lambda-calcul de church avec la logique et en particulier avec la theorie de la demonstration, en font un outil abstrait particulierement adequat a l'etude de l'execution des programmes. Le propos de la these est de developper une nouvelle theorie de l'execution des lambda-termes basee sur la notion geometrique de trace. Cette alternative a la notion habituelle de calcul, la beta-reduction, est issue des travaux de girard sur les reseaux et la geometrie de l'interaction, et a ete introduite par danos dans sa these (paris 7, 1990). Elle correspond a une decomposition de la beta-reduction en operations locales et est donc un pas important vers une definition d'une execution partagee des lambda-termes. La these est en quatre parties. Les deux premieres introduisent le lambda-calcul et les reseaux. On montre que la syntaxe des reseaux code correctement les lambda-termes, et que les reseaux sont dotes d'une bonne structure geometrique. Les deux parties suivantes developpent les bases d'une theorie des traces et de l'execution
Design of smart home controller based on raspberry PI

In order to provide home intelligent control function for the elderly more efficiently and conveniently, this paper designed a smart home system controller based on raspberry PI with simple hardware structure and low development cost. The design is implemented by raspberry PI development board and python language, and the fatigue detection algorithm is implemented by OpenCV visual library, Dlib library and EAR algorithm. Through temperature and humidity sensor, infrared extended version, LCD display screen and other hardware intelligent control indoor environment. The test results show that the fatigue state can be accurately detected and the electrical control function can be realized. This design enhanced the intelligence of household control, and met the life demand of energy-saving convenience.
Overexpression of lecithin: Retinol acyltransferase in the epithelial basal layer makes mice more sensitive to oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by a carcinogen

Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinyl esters. Its expression is often reduced in human cancers, including oral cavity cancers. We investigated the effects of ectopic expression of human lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on murine oral cavity carcinogenesis induced by the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). We targeted human LRAT expression specifically to the basal layers of mouse skin and oral cavity epithelia by using a portion of the human cytokeratin 14 (K14) promoter. High levels of human LRAT transgene transcripts were detected in the tongues and skin of adult transgenic positive (TG+) mice, but not in transgenic negative (TG-) mice. The retinyl ester levels in skin of LRAT TG+ mice were 32% ± 5.4% greater than those in TG- mice, and topical treatment of the back skin with retinol resulted in greater increases in retinyl esters (from 6.9 to 14.3 fold in different TG+ mice) in TG+ mouse skin than in TG- mouse skin (1.3 fold). While carcinogen (4-NQO) treatment induced multifocal precancerous and cancer lesions in the tongues of both TG positive (n=16) and negative mice (n=22), higher percentages of transgenic positive mice (62.5%) developed more severe tongue lesions (grades 3 and 4) than transgenic negative mice (24.8%) after 4-NQO treatment (p < 0.05). Carcinogen treatment also resulted in greater percentages of transgenic positive mouse tongues with hyperplasia (71.4%), dysplasia (85.7%, p < 0.05), and carcinoma (28.6%) than transgenic negative mouse tongues (53.3%, 46.7%., and 20%, respectively). Moreover, we observed higher cyclooxygenases-2 (Cox-2) mRNA and lower RARβ2 mRNA levels in TG+ mouse tongues than inas compared to TG- mouse tongues after 4-NQO treatment (p < 0.05). Taken together, these data show that overexpression of human LRAT specifically in oral basal epithelial cells makes these cells more sensitive to carcinogen induced tumorigenesis.
Glucocerebrosidase 2 gene deletion rescues type 1 Gaucher disease

Significance Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by inherited mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene. This disease results in a marked accumulation of glycosphingolipid substrates, causing visceromegaly, cytopenia, and osteopenia. Here, we have rescued this clinical phenotype in GD1 mice by genetically deleting Gba2, a gene encoding a downstream extralysosomal enzyme, GBA2. We also report that sphingosine production in GD1 patients may contribute to the low-turnover bone loss. Our data suggest that GBA2 and sphingosine are potential targets for pharmacological intervention in GD1 patients. The inherited deficiency of the lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GBA) due to mutations in the GBA gene results in Gaucher disease (GD). A vast majority of patients present with nonneuronopathic, type 1 GD (GD1). GBA deficiency causes the accumulation of two key sphingolipids, glucosylceramide (GL-1) and glucosylsphingosine (LysoGL-1), classically noted within the lysosomes of mononuclear phagocytes. How metabolites of GL-1 or LysoGL-1 produced by extralysosomal glucocerebrosidase GBA2 contribute to the GD1 pathophysiology is not known. We recently recapitulated hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypercytokinemia, and the bone-formation defect of human GD1 through conditional deletion of Gba in Mx1–Cre+:GD1 mice. Here we show that the deletion of Gba2 significantly rescues the GD1 clinical phenotype, despite enhanced elevations in GL-1 and LysoGL-1. Most notably, the reduced bone volume and bone formation rate are normalized. These results suggest that metabolism of GL-1 or LysoGL-1 into downstream bioactive lipids is a major contributor to the bone-formation defect. Direct testing revealed a strong inhibition of osteoblast viability by nanomolar concentrations of sphingosine, but not of ceramide. These findings are consistent with toxicity of high circulating sphingosine levels in GD1 patients, which decline upon enzyme-replacement therapy; serum ceramide levels remain unchanged. Together, complementary results from mice and humans affected with GD1 not only pinpoint sphingosine as being an osteoblast toxin, but also set forth Gba2 as a viable therapeutic target for the development of inhibitors to ameliorate certain disabling consequences of GD1.
The digital timelines course to maintain the quality of life and help people with memory loss: Multimedia applications for medical and healthcare education and e-learning

The article is a study on the training course designed by the Digital timelines project (2014-1-UK01-KA204-000071) co-financed by the European Union under the Erasmus+ programme and coordinated by the Lancaster and Morecambe College, UK. The project innovative training course addresses the issue of dementia and aims at enabling family and carers to use ICT devices in order to help people with memory loss sustain the activity of the memory function and maintain good quality of life for as long as possible. The article introduces the most important steps of the course (technicalities, such as: programmes to use, necessary devices, making the drafts of the video, as well as the editing and evaluating processes) which lead to its main outcome: the creation of digital resources. The personalised video films produced consist of visual and oral materials, chosen by the person with memory loss, their carers and family. These materials may be further used to stimulate the brain activity of the person with memory loss.
Splicing of Intron-containing tRNATrp by the ArchaeonHaloferax volcanii Occurs Independent of Mature tRNA Structure*

We have investigated the requirements for mature tRNA structure in the in vivo splicing of theHaloferax volcanii, intron-containing tRNATrp RNA. A partial tRNATrp gene, which contained only the anticodon stem-loop region of the mature tRNA, was fused to a carrier yeast tRNA gene for expression in H. volcanii. Transcripts from this hybrid gene were found to be processed by endonuclease and ligase at the tRNATrp exon-intron boundaries. These results verify that the substrate recognition properties of the halobacterial endonuclease observed in vitro reflect the properties of this enzymein vivo, namely that mature tRNA structure is not essential for recognition by the endonuclease. The independence of these reactions on mature tRNA provides further support for a relationship between archaeal tRNA and rRNA intron-processing systems and highlight a difference in the substrate recognition properties between the archaeal and eucaryal processing systems. The significance of these differences is discussed in light of the observation that the tRNA endonucleases of these organisms are related.
The Mechanical Property Analysis of Sonar Probe and Cable in Aviation Winch

In order to accurately simulate the movement of the cable and the sonar probe during the operation of the aviation winch, the force on the cable and the sonar probe are analyzed based on the knowledge of mechanics in this paper, and the differential equation of the cable and the mathematical model of the probe are established. The nonlinear differential equation of the cable is deduced and solved by quasi-Newton method, thus the shape of each node of the cable and the attitude of the probe are iterated. Through simulation and its results, the influence of drag speed on the angle of the sonar probe and the shape of cable is analyzed, and the accuracy of the algorithm in the paper is proved.
Mutations in the signature motif in MutS affect ATP‐induced clamp formation and mismatch repair

MutS protein dimer recognizes and co‐ordinates repair of DNA mismatches. Mismatch recognition by the N‐terminal mismatch recognition domain and subsequent downstream signalling by MutS appear coupled to the C‐terminal ATP catalytic site, Walker box, through nucleotide‐mediated conformational transitions. Details of this co‐ordination are not understood. The focus of this study is a conserved loop in Escherichia coli MutS that is predicted to mediate cross‐talk between the two ATP catalytic sites in MutS homodimer. Mutagenesis was employed to assess the role of this loop in regulating MutS function. All mutants displayed mismatch repair defects in vivo. Biochemical characterization further revealed defects in ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis as well as effective mismatch recognition. The kinetics of initial burst of ATP hydrolysis was similar to wild type but the magnitude of the burst was reduced for the mutants. Given its proximity to the ATP bound in the opposing monomer in the crystal and its potential analogy with signature motif of ABC transporters, the results strongly suggest that the loop co‐ordinates ATP binding/hydrolysis in trans by the two catalytic sites. Importantly, our data reveal that the loop plays a direct role in co‐ordinating conformational changes involved in long‐range communication between Walker box and mismatch recognition domains.
Threshold levels of gene expression of the melanoma antigen gp100 correlate with tumor cell recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

The level of expression of melanoma antigens (MA) may modulate the host immunologic response. Thus, the accurate measurement of MA expression may allow proper patient selection for antigen‐specific therapies and yield important information for the evaluation of clinical results. In this study, we measured the absolute levels of MA messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in tumor cell lines utilizing real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). mRNA levels of MART‐1, gp100, tyrosinase, TRP‐1 and TRP‐2 melanoma differentiation antigens and MAGE‐1, MAGE‐3 and ESO‐1 cancer testis (CT) antigens were compared in 24 early‐passage (<5 passages in culture) and 12 archival melanoma cell lines. MA mRNA expression was extremely variable among cell lines, occasionally reaching levels comparable to ribosomal RNA (rRNA). gp100 and MART‐1 mRNA levels correlated with protein expression measurement obtained by FACS analysis. More significantly, a threshold of gp100 mRNA expression required for T‐cell stimulation and target‐cell killing was identified. This threshold level corresponded to approximately 500 mRNA copies per 108 copies of rRNA. Our results suggest that the measurements of MA mRNA levels may yield useful information relevant to the interpretation of clinical outcome during antigen‐specific treatments. Int. J. Cancer 86:818–826, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Review of Android Malware Detection Approaches Based on Machine Learning

Android applications are developing rapidly across the mobile ecosystem, but Android malware is also emerging in an endless stream. Many researchers have studied the problem of Android malware detection and have put forward theories and methods from different perspectives. Existing research suggests that machine learning is an effective and promising way to detect Android malware. Notwithstanding, there exist reviews that have surveyed different issues related to Android malware detection based on machine learning. We believe our work complements the previous reviews by surveying a wider range of aspects of the topic. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of Android malware detection approaches based on machine learning. We briefly introduce some background on Android applications, including the Android system architecture, security mechanisms, and classification of Android malware. Then, taking machine learning as the focus, we analyze and summarize the research status from key perspectives such as sample acquisition, data preprocessing, feature selection, machine learning models, algorithms, and the evaluation of detection effectiveness. Finally, we assess the future prospects for research into Android malware detection based on machine learning. This review will help academics gain a full picture of Android malware detection based on machine learning. It could then serve as a basis for subsequent researchers to start new work and help to guide research in the field more generally.