Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictable Code and Data Paging for Real Time Systems

There is a need for using virtual memory in real-time applications: using virtual addressing provides isolation between concurrent processes; in addition, paging allows the execution of applications whose size is larger than main memory capacity, which is useful in embedded systems where main memory is expensive and thus scarce. However, virtual memory is generally avoided when developing real-time and embedded applications due to predictability issues. In this paper we propose a predictable paging system in which the page loading and page eviction points are selected at compile-time. The contents of main memory is selected using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation. Our approach is applied to code, static data and stack regions of individual tasks. We show that the time required for selecting memory contents is reasonable for all applications including the largest ones, demonstrating the scalability of our approach. Experimental results compare our approach with a previous one, based on graph coloring. It shows that quality of page allocation is generally improved, with an average improvement of 30% over the previous approach. Another comparison with a state-of-the-art demand-paging system shows that predictability does not come at the price of performance loss.
Cardiovascular Indices of Peripheral and Central Sympathetic Activation

Objective A number of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) parameters have been used in cardiovascular psychophysiology. This study aimed to describe the pattern and redundancy of a set of SNS parameters during peripherally induced changes of cardiac sympathetic activation and reflex modulation of central SNS control. Preejection period (PEP) was assessed as a marker of peripheral sympathetic activation. Low-frequency blood pressure variability (BPV) was assessed as an estimate of central SNS control. Methods Peripheral &bgr;-sympathetic stimulation and blockade were achieved with epinephrine and esmolol hydrochloride (&bgr;1-blockade), respectively. Changes in central SNS output were induced by loading and unloading arterial baroreceptors with norepinephrine and nitroprusside sodium, respectively. This single-blinded, crossover study in 24 healthy men also included two placebo control periods. PEP was derived from impedance cardiography and adjusted individually for heart rate. BPV was calculated by power spectral analyses of beat-to-beat heart rate and systolic blood pressure (Finapres system) data. Results PEP decreased during epinephrine infusion (−40.1 ± 3.8 ms, p < .0001) and increased during esmolol infusion (+6.6 ± 3.5 ms, p = .05). PEP was shortened after central SNS activation by nitroprusside (−16.8 ± 2.9 ms, p < 0.0001). Systolic BPV in the low-frequency range (0.07–0.14 Hz, Mayer waves) increased during nitroprusside infusion (+0.44 ± 0.19 ln mm Hg2, p = .03) and decreased during norepinephrine infusion (−0.67 ± 0.13 ln mm Hg2, p < 0.0001). Low-frequency BPV did not change significantly during epinephrine or esmolol infusion. Conclusions Our data provide empirical evidence of separable peripheral and central sympathetic response components. The combined report of low-frequency BPV and PEP gives distinct information on both central SNS control and the level of sympathetic cardiac activation achieved.
Identiﬁcation and Characterization of the CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor in Human T Cell Lines: Ligand Binding, Biological Activity, and HIV-1 Infectivity 1

The CXCR4 chemokine receptor has been shown to respond to the C-X-C chemokine stromal-derived factor (SDF-1) and has recently been shown to be an important coreceptor for HIV-1 infection. In the present paper we have tested a number of human T lymphocyte cell lines, including Jurkat, HUT78, CEM, and Sup-T1 for the presence of CXCR4 receptors. We found that these T cell lines bind SDF-1 a and SDF-1 b with high afﬁnity. The CXCR4 Ab 12G5 inhibited both SDF-1 binding and HIV-1 LAI mediated fusion of CEM. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of approximately 150,000 SDF-1 a -binding sites per cell with a K d between 5 and 10 nM. Cross-competition experiments using unlabeled SDF-1 a and SDF-1 b revealed that both chemokines are equally capable of displacing their radiolabeled counterparts. Internalization studies with [125]I-SDF-1 a revealed that Jurkat cells internalized greater than 90% of the ligand by 2 h at 37°C. SDF-1 a was also chemotactic for Jurkat cells and caused an increase in the rate of extracellular acidiﬁcation that was half-maximal at 18 nM SDF-1 a and could be inhibited by pretreatment with the SDF-1 proteins, pertussis toxin, or the Ab 12G5. Finally, SDF-1 a also caused an increase in the cytosolic Ca 2 1 concentration in Sup-T1 cells that was abolished by preincubating the cells with pertussis toxin or PMA and inhibited by the Ab 12G5. This molecular characterization of CXCR4 receptors should prove useful b desensitizes the CXCR4 receptor to SDF-1 a . Jurkat cells were perfused with 300 nM SDF-1 b and after the initial signal had decayed, the cells were washed to remove the SDF-1 b and were further stimulated with 100 nM SDF-1 a . D, Dose-response curve for SDF-1 a stimulation of Jurkat cells. Jurkat cells were stimulated with increasing concentrations of SDF-1 a and the increase in acidiﬁcation rate was monitored using a microphysiometer. Data have been normalized percentage biologic response. Data two
Characterization of the laminin gene family and evolution in zebrafish

Laminins are essential components of all basement membranes and are fundamental to tissue development and homeostasis. Humans possess at least 16 different heterotrimeric laminin complexes formed through different combinations of alpha, beta, and gamma chains. Individual chains appear to exhibit unique expression patterns, leading to the notion that overlap between expression domains governs the constitution of complexes found within particular tissues. However, the spatial and temporal expression of laminin genes has not been comprehensively analyzed in any vertebrate model to date. Here, we describe the tissue‐specific expression patterns of all laminin genes in the zebrafish, throughout embryonic development and into the “post‐juvenile” period, which is representative of the adult body form. In addition, we present phylogenetic and microsynteny analyses, which demonstrate that the majority of our zebrafish sequences are orthologous to human laminin genes. Together, these data represent a fundamental resource for the study of vertebrate laminins. Developmental Dynamics 240:422–431, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequency of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus and an analysis of predictive factors.

OBJECTIVE To determine frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to identify predictive factors. METHODS The observational study was carried out at 1 Mountain Medical Battalion, Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2014, and comprised type 2 diabetic patients who were not using anti-depressants and did not have history of other psychiatric illnesses. Demographic data, duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and type of treatment were recorded and body mass index was calculated. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, translated into Urdu, was administered during face-to-face interviews. Scores >5 indicated depression, which was classified into different grades of severity using standard cut-off values. RESULTS Of the 133 patients, 51(38.35%) were depressed. Depression was mild in 34(26%), moderate in 12(9.6%), moderately severe in 4(2.9%) and severe in 1(0.7%) patient. On univariate binary logistic regression, female gender (odds ratio=3.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.43, 6.59), lesser education (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.84, 0.97) shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio=0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.80, 0.96) and higher body mass index (odds ratio=1.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.25) were significantly associated with depression. Only shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio=0.90; 95% confidence interval = 0.82, 0.99) remained significant after adjustment for confounders. Age, level of education, glycaemic control and type of treatment did not predict depression. CONCLUSIONS A significant proportion of type 2 diabetics were depressed. Shorter duration of diabetes reliably predicted depression in these patients.
Impact of Health on Labour Productivity: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

Health status has been given wide spread weight age across many Sustainable Development Goals. This study would reinforce its significance by quantifying the impact of health status on workers’ productivity in Pakistan. The current study attempts to examine the role of health status on workers’ productivity by employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran et al. (2001) using data from 1980 to 2010 for Pakistan. It has been found that 1% improvement in health status would result in around 13.39% rise in worker productivity. The coefficient of education is positively related to worker productivity at 1% level of significance and indicates that worker productivity will increase by 0.18% due 1% increase in education. Inflation has negative relationship with worker productivity whereas the association between worker productivity and Foreign Direct Investment, being proxy of technology transfer, is positive but statistically insignificant which shows that technology transfer has no effect on productivity in case of Pakistan. Education and experience have often been observed as determinants of worker productivity in empirical analysis of Pakistan. However, this study is a first endeavor to quantify the impact of health status upon worker’s productivity for Pakistan.
Lethal risk to birds from insecticide use in the United States—a spatial and temporal analysis

We used pesticide use data and previously published models to estimate the lethal risk to birds from insecticides used in U.S. agriculture. Data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistical Service (NASS, Washington, D.C.) were used to assess how the lethal risk to birds has changed over the period 1991 to 2003 and to compare risk among crop types according to the most recently available surveys. Because the NASS data coverage is incomplete, both with respect to crop and state, we also used a database assembled by the National Center for Food and Agriculture Policy (NCFAP, Washington, D.C.) for the 1997 reference year, to which we added state‐specific average application rates for crop/insecticide combinations. For each state/crop/insecticide combination (>6,000 entries), we assessed the proportion of crop area on which avian mortality was deemed probable, as well as the extended number of hectares this represented. The crops responsible for most potential bird mortality in the United States were corn and cotton, followed more distantly by alfalfa, wheat, potato, peanut, sugar beet, sorghum, tobacco, and citrus. Other crops represented a higher risk to birds on a per hectare basis. The southeast United States generally had the highest proportion of farmland with a lethal risk to birds. On a positive note, the lethal risk to birds has generally declined over the last decade in most crops, although there are exceptions such as small fruit crops. The reasons for this improvement vary from crop to crop, but usually entail the replacement of older more hazardous products with newer ones with lower acute toxicity to birds.
A comprehensive next generation sequencing-based genetic testing strategy to improve diagnosis of inherited pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

CONTEXT Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are notable for a high frequency of inherited cases, many of which present as apparently sporadic tumors. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive next generation sequencing (NGS)-based strategy for the diagnosis of patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma by testing simultaneously for mutations in MAX, RET, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, TMEM127, and VHL. DESIGN After the methodology for the assay was designed and established, it was validated on DNA samples with known genotype and then patients were studied prospectively. SETTING The study was performed in a diagnostic genetics laboratory. PATIENTS DNA samples from 205 individuals affected with adrenal or extraadrenal pheochromocytoma/head and neck paraganglioma (PPGL/HNPGL) were analyzed. A proof-of-principle study was performed using 85 samples known to contain a variant in 1 or more of the genes to be tested, followed by prospective analysis of an additional 120 samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We assessed the ability to use an NGS-based method to perform comprehensive analysis of genes implicated in inherited PPGL/HNPGL. RESULTS The proof-of-principle study showed that the NGS assay and analysis gave a sensitivity of 98.7%. A pathogenic mutation was identified in 16.6% of the prospective analysis cohort of 120 patients. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive NGS-based strategy for the analysis of genes associated with predisposition to PPGL and HNPGL was established, validated, and introduced into diagnostic service. The new assay provides simultaneous analysis of 9 genes and allows more rapid and cost-effective mutation detection than the previously used conventional Sanger sequencing-based methodology.
In command but nowhere to go? Parliamentary party group leaders' role orientations in partitocratic Belgium

Parliamentary party group leaders take centre stage in contemporary parliaments. To this day, however, their functioning remains rather understudied. Drawing on the parliamentary role literature, and using a series of in-depth interviews with (current and former) PPG leaders, this paper examines the self-reported role orientations of PPG leaders in Belgium. Unlike commonly-assumed theoretical dispositions on ‘position roles’, and despite Belgian PPG leaders’ limited formal authority as intermediaries between the central party elite and backbenchers, we do find role variation among PPG leaders. We more specifically find that PPG leaders, following a ‘logic of appropriateness’ and divergent personal motivations, differ on two dimensions (an external focus vs. an internal focus and a focus on top-down versus bottom-up liaison) leading to four distinct PPG leadership role types. As such, this study has important implications for parliamentary role research (and their conceptions of leadership roles) and should encourage scholars to focus also on frontbench roles.
Similar to the studies of A Case-Control Study of Maternal Alcohol Consumption and Intrauterine Growth Retardation

Numerous studies have evaluated maternal alcohol consumption and birth weight. Abel and Hannigan (1) reviewed many prospective studies of maternal alcohol consumption and low birth weight ( 2500g at term) published before 1995. Some studies reported an association between moderate maternal alcohol consumption and low birth weight (2–6); other studies did not find the association (1). A number of other studies examined the relation between maternal alcohol consumption and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), defined for epidemiologic surveillance by birthweight less than the 5th or 10th percentile for gestational age. Similar to the studies of A Case-Control Study of Maternal Alcohol Consumption and Intrauterine Growth Retardation
Conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) and palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) to biodiesel

The search for alternative fuels to substitute for fossil fuels with competitive price range is an ongoing subject for research. There are several proposed feedstock, namely refined palm oil, crude palm oil, waste cooking oil and currently, palm fatty acid distillate. Refined and crude oils were debatable to be used as the main uses for both oils were for edible purposes. Waste cooking oil (WCO) is the cheapest source and can reduce problems on waste oil disposal whereas palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) is a byproduct from palm oil refining, therefore can be a readily available feedstock. However, due to the high free fatty acids (FFAs) content of waste and palm fatty acid distillate, these sources cannot be converted directly to biodiesel via alkaline transesterification. In this study, two step process, which combined acidic and alkaline process were used to convert waste cooking oil and palm fatty acid distillate to biodiesel. The parameter investigated was the catalyst percentage, which was varied from 1 wt% to 5 wt%. For waste cooking oil, the yield of methyl esters was constant after using 4 wt% of catalyst, with the highest yield of 90 wt%. For palm fatty acid distillate, the yield of methyl esters was also constant from 1 wt% of catalyst, thus this amount of catalyst was already sufficient to produce a high yield of methyl ester, which was as high as 95 wt%. The methyl ester composition for both sources composed mainly of stearate and palmitate. The amount of palmitate increased whereas stearate decreased with increasing amount of catalyst used.
Dried Plums and Their Products: Composition and Health Effects–An Updated Review

This paper describes composition of dried plums and their products (prune juice and dried plum powder) with special attention to possibly bioactive compounds. Dried plums contain significant amounts of sorbitol, quinic acid, chlorogenic acids, vitamin K1, boron, copper, and potassium. Synergistic action of these and other compounds, which are also present in dried plums in less conspicuous amounts, may have beneficial health effects when dried plums are regularly consumed. Snacking on dried plums may increase satiety and reduce the subsequent intake of food, helping to control obesity, diabetes, and related cardiovascular diseases. Despite their sweet taste, dried plums do not cause large postprandial rise in blood glucose and insulin. Direct effects in the gastrointestinal tract include prevention of constipation and possibly colon cancer. The characteristic phenolic compounds and their metabolites may also act as antibacterial agents in both gastrointestinal and urinary tracts. The indirect salutary effects on bone turnover are supported by numerous laboratory studies with animals and cell cultures. Further investigation of phenolic compounds in dried plums, particularly of high molecular weight polymers, their metabolism and biological actions, alone and in synergy with other dried plum constituents, is necessary to elucidate the observed health effects and to indicate other benefits.
GEÇİŞ EKONOMİLERİ VE ÜLKELERİ

Transition economies are defined as the transitionfrom the central economic system to the market economy.With the transition, there have been many changes in the economic,social, political and cultural fields. The world economyand geographical boundaries have changed dramatically overthe last 30 years resulting from the transition. The most important change in the political arena is the end of the Cold War atthe end of 1991. In the Economic Area, the transition from the Central planned economic system to the market economy hasstarted in the old socialist countries. Inter-cultural interaction has been inevitable in the transition process. Thus, it is accepted that a new theory emerged along with the term transition economy emerged.In this study, general information about transition economies and their countries is given. Social and economic problemsin the planned economic period are discussed. The processof transition from planned economy to market economy andreforms are explained in stages. As a result of the study, it wasfound that the necessity of transition to the market economywas inevitable.
Domestic and Foreign Earnings Quality Literature Review

The quality of corporate earnings has always been a research hotspot in the academic and practical circles of economics and finance. The study of earnings quality can help investors adopt a more optimized investment strategy. From 1968, Ball and Brown began to study the earnings quality. Through years of hard work, the majority of scholars have made fruitful results in the study of earnings quality. This paper analyzes the connotation and quantification of earnings quality, the influencing factors of earnings quality, the economic consequences of earnings quality, and the international comparison of earnings quality. A review of the quality literature provides a basis for subsequent research.
Recurring mutations found by sequencing an acute myeloid leukemia genome.

BACKGROUND The full complement of DNA mutations that are responsible for the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not yet known. METHODS We used massively parallel DNA sequencing to obtain a very high level of coverage (approximately 98%) of a primary, cytogenetically normal, de novo genome for AML with minimal maturation (AML-M1) and a matched normal skin genome. RESULTS We identified 12 acquired (somatic) mutations within the coding sequences of genes and 52 somatic point mutations in conserved or regulatory portions of the genome. All mutations appeared to be heterozygous and present in nearly all cells in the tumor sample. Four of the 64 mutations occurred in at least 1 additional AML sample in 188 samples that were tested. Mutations in NRAS and NPM1 had been identified previously in patients with AML, but two other mutations had not been identified. One of these mutations, in the IDH1 gene, was present in 15 of 187 additional AML genomes tested and was strongly associated with normal cytogenetic status; it was present in 13 of 80 cytogenetically normal samples (16%). The other was a nongenic mutation in a genomic region with regulatory potential and conservation in higher mammals; we detected it in one additional AML tumor. The AML genome that we sequenced contains approximately 750 point mutations, of which only a small fraction are likely to be relevant to pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the sequences of tumor and skin genomes of a patient with AML-M1, we have identified recurring mutations that may be relevant for pathogenesis.
Regional economic divergence and house prices: a comparison of Germany and the UK

Purpose Increasing regional wealth disparities have been explained by the role of agglomeration economies and the concentration of skilled mobile human capital. This paper aims to draw out the role of the housing market by considering the differential experience of Germany and the UK. Design/methodology/approach The empirical analysis is based on the comparison of regional house price trends in Germany and UK-based annual data from 1991 to 2015. Findings Regional house price inequality is found to have increased in both countries with the spatial concentration of skilled human capital. However, the main conclusion is that there are differential paths to regional house price inequality explained by the parameters of each country’s housing market. Originality/value The research is the first to compare and explain differential regional house price trends across countries.
Causality analysis of development assistance and economic growth in Solomon Islands

This article applies a neoclassical production function to explain the relationship between aid and growth in Solomon Islands. Two hypotheses are tested: first, that domestic and/or foreign resources (that is, savings, investment, exports and aid flows) affect growth; second, that there is a causal relationship between foreign aid and economic growth. The results indicate that aid has a significant positive impact on economic growth and domestic resources. Granger causality tests indicate that aid causes growth and growth, in turn, causes aid flows. Thus, the causality proceeds in both directions.