Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interarrival Times Characterization and Fitting for Markovian Traffic Analysis

We propose a traffic fitting algorithm for Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs) that can capture statistics of any order of interarrival times. By studying real traffic traces, we show that matching higher order properties, in addition to first and second order descriptors, results in increased queueing prediction accuracy with respect to other algorithms that only match the mean, coefficient of variation, and autocorrelations. The result promotes the idea of modeling traffic traces using the interarrival time process instead of the counting process that is more frequently employed in previous work, but for which higher order moments are difficult to manipulate. We proceed by first characterizing the general properties of MAPs using a spectral approach. Based on this characterization, we show how different MAP processes can be combined together using Kronecker products to define a larger MAP with predefined properties of interarrival times. We then devise an algorithm that is based on this Kronecker composition and can accurately fit traffic traces. The algorithm employs nonlinear optimization programs that can be customized to fit an arbitrary number of moments and to meet the desired cost-accuracy tradeoff. Numerical results of the fitting algorithm on real HTTP and TCP traffic data, such as the Bellcore Aug89 trace, indicate that the proposed fitting methods achieve increased prediction accuracy with respect to other state-of-the-art fitting methods.
Predicting Access Point Utilization with Locator@CMU, a Centralized 802.11 Wireless Location Service

Locator@CMU is a centralized wireless location service that provides information on all connected 802.11 devices on Carnegie Mellon’s Wireless Andrew network. The basic architecture and functionality of this service are presented. In addition the implementation of a location-based application is discussed. The results are presented in the context of a new location-based service that allows for the determination of the number of clients at an access point at a specified future time. The access points are classified into four categories and results presented based on each type. Our results show that using the Locator@CMU system can predict future access point utilization to 30% accuracy. This work presents the potential foundation for the creation of a system that can be used to . provide this information for interested social or dynamic network configuration programs.
Augmenting String-to-Tree and Tree-to-String Translation with Non-Syntactic Phrases

We present an effective technique to easily augment GHKM-style syntax-based machine translation systems (Galley et al., 2006) with phrase pairs that do not comply with any syntactic well-formedness constraints. Non-syntactic phrase pairs are distinguished from syntactic ones in order to avoid harming effects. We apply our technique in state-of-the-art string-totree and tree-to-string setups. For tree-tostring translation, we furthermore investigate novel approaches for translating with source-syntax GHKM rules in association with input tree constraints and input tree features.
Intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis complicated by massive haemothorax in alpha-thalassaemia

Intrathoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is a rare entity that is usually asymptomatic. A 44 year old man with alpha-thalassaemia is described who developed dyspnoea and massive left sided haemothorax. The haemoglobin disorder was established by Hgb H staining and haemoglobin electrophoretic studies. The DNA analysis revealed it to be a case of double heterozygous terminal codon mutation with the genotype ααCS/ααT. Computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax showed multiple paravertebral masses which were found by thoracoscopic biopsy to be extramedullary haematopoiesis. Although no additional sclerosing pleurodesis or low dose radiation therapy was given, the lung expanded well and there has been no recurrence of haemothorax to date.
Behavioral similarities for collaborative recommendations

Recommender systems contribute to the personalization of resources on web sites and information retrieval systems. These systems use different mining techniques to generate predictions corresponding to the needs of users. In this paper, we present a hybrid recommender system using a user-based approach, that combines predictions based on web usage patterns and rating data. We suggest a new technique that takes into account common usage patterns in order to compute correlations between users and select neighborhoods, without using any rating data. Unlike classical predictive systems that use directly mining techniques in order to suggest recommendations (like the Longest Common Subsequences technique or the frequent sequential patterns mining), the originality of our usage based technique is not to harness the discovered patterns to recommend resources, but to assess similarities of navigational users profiles. Recommendations are performed in a following step. The performance of our system is tested without and by combining predictions of both navigational based technique and classical collaborative filtering, in terms of accuracy and robustness. The experimentation put forward the impact of the navigational based technique on the performance of the hybrid recommender system in terms of precision and robustness. The tests show that the more the navigational based technique is involved in the recommendation process, the more the best predictions are accurate.
A Lock-Free Multiprocessor OS Kernel

Typical shared-memory multiprocessor OS kernels use interlocking, implemented as spin-locks or waiting semaphores. We have implemented a complete multiprocessor OS kernel, including threads, virtual memory, and I/O (including a window system and a file system), using only lockfree synchronization methods based on Compare-and-Swap. Lock-free synchronization avoids many serious problems caused by locks: considerable overhead, concurrency bottlenecks, deadlocks, and priority inversion in real-time scheduling. Measurements show the low overhead of our implementation, competitive with user-level thread management systems.
Information Management & Computer Security Can spending on information security be justified ? : Evaluating the security spending decision from the perspective of a rational actor

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimality of various strategies for spending on information security. Being able to understand the strengths and weaknesses of spending strategies is useful to organizations. Design/methodology/approach – The author’s analysis begins with a whole-systems view of the security spending decision that encompasses people, technology, and economics and a taxonomy of justifications is presented for spending on information security. Each justification within the taxonomy is discussed, with that analysis used to examine the apparent rationality of a number of common spending strategies. A model is constructed that can be used in a practical manner to enable an organization to select a rational approach to spending on information security. Findings – The author describes two spending strategies intended to be simple and straightforward for an organization to employ in a practical manner. These strategies account for a number of weaknesses in common justifications for spending on information security. They also take into consideration the observation that a number of pressures push companies towards inefficiency in their spending. Originality/value – When faced with budgeting decisions, managers are bound by fiduciary duty to identify those investments that will maximize shareholder value. As such, decisions about spending must be carefully considered and evaluated in rational economic terms. This paper provides useful thinking on this important topic.
Community and Policing Strategies: A Chinese Approach to Crime Control

This article explores the functions of community, an important institution of social control in China. The specific control functions are grounded in a unique macro-control system, which is totally different from that typical of Western Countries. Policing strategies depends strongly on mass participation. Informal social control is particularly significant as it appears to play a more important role in controlling and preventing crime in Chinese society than in the Western world. Also, this article discusses strength and weakness of the Chinese approach to control of crime.
Effects of a structured midsole on spatio-temporal variables and running economy in overground running

Abstract Research to enhance running performance has led to the design of a leaf spring-structured midsole shoe (LEAF). In treadmill running, it has been shown that LEAF led to an increased running economy and increased stride length (SL) through a horizontal foot shift during stance compared to a standard foam shoe (FOAM). The purpose of this study was to analyse whether (a) these findings can also be observed in overground running and (b) relations exist between spatio-temporal variables and running economy. Ten male long-distance heel-strike runners ran at their individual 2 mmol/l blood lactate speed with LEAF and FOAM in randomized order. Kinematic data were recorded with an inertial measurement unit synchronized with 2D video. Oxygen consumption was measured using an automated metabolic gas analysis system. Blood lactate was collected after each run. The strike pattern was unaffected by LEAF. SL was increased by 0.9 ± 1.1 cm (95% CI 0.2 to 1.5; p = .040; dz = 0.76), stride rate (SR) was reduced by −0.4 ± 0.3 strides/min (95% CI −0.6 to −0.1; p = .029; dz = 0.82) and oxygen consumption tended to be reduced by 1% (−0.4 ± 0.6 ml/min/kg; 95% CI −0.8 to 0.0; p = .082; dz = 0.62) when running with LEAF compared to FOAM. Changes in oxygen consumption in LEAF were correlated with SL (r = 0.71; p = .022) and SR (r = −0.68; p = .031). It can be concluded that LEAF has the potential to cause small changes in spatio-temporal variables during running. Runners increasing SL and decreasing SR in response to LEAF can achieve small improvements in running economy, which is beneficial in terms of performance.
Random Walk Weighting over SentiWordNet for Sentiment Polarity Detection on Twitter

This paper presents a novel approach in Sentiment Polarity Detection on Twitter posts, by extracting a vector of weighted nodes from the graph of WordNet. These weights are used on SentiWordNet to compute a final estimation of the polarity. Therefore, the method proposes a non-supervised solution that is domain-independent. The evaluation over a generated corpus of tweets shows that this technique is promising.
Analytical solution on dosage of self-healing capsules in materials with two-dimensional multi-shaped crack patterns

Abstract This article presents a numerical method for determining the dosage of pre-embedded capsules in self-healing materials with complex crack patterns. The crack distribution on the surface of materials is simplified into a two-dimensional (2D) multi-shaped geometrical structure composed of triangles, rhombuses, and hexagons with specified area fractions, and further decomposed into three separate mono-shaped crack systems. Then, the dosage of capsules required to heal the cracks in each mono-shaped crack system is computed. According to the area fraction of each mono-shaped polygon in the whole system, the integrated models of crack-hitting probability by the capsules and the capsule dosage for the multi-shaped crack system are derived. The analytical results reveal that the dosage of capsules significantly depends on the spatial distribution of the cracks and the ratio of the capsule length to the crack size. For a certain fixed crack pattern, the size and dosage of capsules will strongly affect crack healing efficiency.
T-lymphocyte phenotype and function triggered by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is serotype-dependent.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Based on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigenicity, different Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans serotypes have been described. Serotype b strains have demonstrated a stronger capacity to trigger cytokine production on dendritic cells (DCs). As DCs regulate the development of T-lymphocyte lineages, the objective of this investigation was to study the response of T lymphocytes after being stimulated with autologous DCs primed with different bacterial strains belonging to the most prevalent serotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in humans: a-c. MATERIAL AND METHODS Human DCs were primed with increasing multiplicity of infection (10(-1) -10(2) ) or the purified LPS (10-50 ng/mL) of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a-c and then used to stimulate autologous naïve CD4(+) T lymphocytes. The T-helper (Th) type 1, Th2, Th17 and T-regulatory transcription factors T-bet, GATA-3, RORC2 and Foxp3, which are the master-switch genes implied in their specific differentiation, as well as T-cell phenotype-specific cytokine patterns were quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the intracellular expression of T-bet/interferon-γ, GATA-3/interleukin-4, RORC2/interleukin-17A and Foxp3/transforming growth factor-β1 was analysed by double staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS All the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes led to T-lymphocyte activation; however, when T lymphocytes were stimulated with DCs primed with the A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b strain or their purified LPS, higher levels of Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors and cytokines were detected compared with similar experiments with the other serotypes. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that serotype b of A. actinomycetemcomitans has a higher capacity of trigger Th1 and Th17 phenotype and function and it was demonstrated that their LPS is a more potent immunogen compared with the other serotypes.
Genome-wide B1 retrotransposon binds the transcription factors dioxin receptor and Slug and regulates gene expression in vivo

Alterations in tissue-specific gene expression greatly affect cell function. Transcription factors (TFs) interact with cis-acting binding sites in noncoding enhancer promoter regions. Transposable elements (TEs) are abundant and similarly represented among mammalian genomes. TEs are important in gene regulation, but their function is not well understood. We have characterized a TE containing functional TF-binding sites for the carcinogen-activated dioxin receptor xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition regulator Slug (Slug site). A Mus promoter database was scanned for XREs to predict coregulation with other TFs. We identified an overrepresented (1,398 genes) B1 retrotransposon containing XRE and Slug sites within 35 bp of each other (designated as B1-X35S). This B1-X35S retrotransposon differed from classic B1s by the presence of the Slug site and by its differential nucleotide conservation outside the X35S region. Phylogenetically, B1-X35S appeared recently in evolution, close to the B1-B subfamily. Comparative gene expression in 61 mouse tissues revealed that B1-X35S-containing genes had lower median expression levels than those with canonical B1 TEs, suggesting a repressive role for X35S. Indeed, X35S was functional and able to bind aryl hydrocarbon (dioxin) receptor (AhR) and Slug and, importantly, to repress cis-reporter genes. Moreover, AhR and Slug were recruited to X35S in vivo and repressed the endogenous expression of X35S-containing genes. Our results demonstrate the existence of a widely present B1 subfamily in the mouse. Because AhR and Slug are relevant in tumor development and differentiation, X35S may represent a genome-wide regulatory mechanism and a tool to modulate gene expression.
Kinematics Analysis of a 4PRR-P Hybrid Machining Mechanism

In this paper, a new type of 4PRR-P hybrid machining mechanism is presented. Based on the screw theory, the degree of freedom of the mechanism is verified. We solve the inverse position model of the the mechanism. The workspace of the mechanism is solved by the boundary search algorithm. The reasonable ranges of key scale parameters are obtained by investigating the influence of the parameters of the mechansm on its workspace. The above kinematic analyses and solving results can provide corresponding references for subsequent mechanism dynamics analysis and structural design.
Arithmetic dynamical genetic programming in the XCSF Learning Classifier System

This paper presents results from an investigation into using a continuous-valued dynamical system representation within the XCSF Learning Classifier System. In particular, dynamical arithmetic genetic networks are used to represent the traditional condition-action production system rules. It is shown possible to use self-adaptive, open-ended evolution to design an ensemble of such dynamical systems within XCSF. The results presented herein show that the collective emergent behaviour of the evolved systems exhibits competitive performance with those previously reported on a non-linear continuous-valued reinforcement learning problem. In addition, the introduced system is shown to provide superior approximations to a number of composite polynomial regression tasks when compared with conventional tree-based genetic programming.
Dynamic pull-in and snap-through behavior of electrostatically actuated micro-mechanical memories considering thermoelastic damping

ABSTRACT Thermoelastic damping is a common phenomenon at room temperature in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). In this study, the behavior of electrostatically actuated curved microbeams is investigated, considering the effects of thermoelasticity. These devices have interesting applications as micro-mechanical memories. First, the equation of thermoelasticity is derived based on the generalized thermoelastic theory. Afterwards, this equation and the equation of curved beams vibrations are solved using the finite element method, simultaneously. Two common phenomena in MEMS, pull-in instability and snap-through buckling, have been investigated in this study, considering thermoelasticity and other design parameters.
A Probabilistic Adaptive Search System for Exploring the Face Space

Face recall is a basic human cognitive process performed routinely, e.g., when meeting someone and determining if we have met that person before. Assisting a subject during face recall by suggesting candidate faces can be challenging. One of the reasons is that the search space - the face space - is quite large and lacks structure. A commercial application of face recall is facial composite systems - such as Identikit, PhotoFIT, and CD-FIT - where a witness searches for an image of a face that resembles his memory of a particular offender. The inherent uncertainty and cost in the evaluation of the objective function, the large size and lack of structure of the search space, and the unavailability of the gradient concept makes this problem inappropriate for traditional optimization methods. In this paper we propose a novel evolutionary approach for searching the face space that can be used as a facial composite system. The approach is inspired by methods of Bayesian optimization and differs from other applications in the use of the skew-normal distribution as its acquisition function. This choice of acquisition function provides greater granularity, with regularized, conservative, and realistic results.
SOIL-MOISTURE CONDITIONS IN RELATION TO PLANT GROWTH.

Recent investigations at the University of California have yielded much information regarding the relation of soil moisture to the normal growth and behavior of fruit trees, and have indicated serious disagreements with results secured by some previous investigators of the problem of water relations of plants. It is logical to suppose that the moisture conditions of the soil do not exert any direct retarding influence on the plant so long as water is supplied to the absorbing surfaces of the roots and is conducted to the leaves as rapidly as required by the transpiration rate. However, just as soon as the rate of supply falls below this requisite amount, then soil moisture becomes a limiting condition. An inadequate moisture supply may be evidenced by lessening of turgor, cessation of growth, and wilting, and, in more advanced stages, by death of the tissues. Of course, the wilting of a plant does not indicate that water has ceased to move from the soil into the plant, but simply that transpiration has exceeded absorption and conduction. It is obvious, since wilting is progressive, that various stages of wilt might be recognized. Several attempts have been made to fix upon a definite degree of wilting. The "saturation deficit" of RENNER (6) and the "incipient drying" of LIVINGSTON and BROWN (4) are not definite stages, but represent broad ranges in the progress of wilting, but the "permanent wilting" of BRIGGS and SHANTZ (1) represents a fairly definite stage or degree of wilting, which can be readily recognized in experimentation, and this has received much study. However, KOKETSU (3) has pointed out that definite stages of wilting may be recognized readily in Mimosa because of the movements of its leaves. BRIGGS and SHANTZ defined their permanent wilting as that stage. of wilting when the leaves first undergo a permanent reduction of their moisture content as a result of deficiency in th-esoil-moisture supply. A permanent reduction is here taken to mean a deficiency in leaf-water content from which the leaves do not recover in an approximately saturated atmosphere, without the addition of water to the soil. LIVINGSTON and KOKETSU (5) have further discussed the condition of permanent wilting and have emphasized the dynamic nature of the wilting process. BRIGGS and SHANTZ (1) concluded from their studies that atmospheric environmental conditions have little or no effect upon the residual water content of the soil at the time of the beginning of permanent wilting and 71
Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for MANET

In recent years, many energy-efficient routing protocols have been proposed. However, very little efforts have been taken in studying the energy consumption of individual node, overhead and route maintaining issues. While not considering the design of energy efficient routing protocol, it may perform very worst than the normal routing protocol. Here, we have proposed On Demand Based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (ODBEERP). The main aim of proposed protocol is to discover the minimum power-limitation route. The power limitation of a route is decided by the node which has the minimum energy in that route. So compared with the minimum node energy in any other route, the minimum node energy in the minimum power-limitation route has more energy. We have also proposed a more accurate analysis to track the energy consumptions due to various factors, and improve the performance during path discovery and in mobility scenarios. The proposed protocol is evaluated with object oriented discrete event simulator environment. Simulation results shows that the ODBEERP achieves good throughput, less delay, high packet delivery ratio and good energy efficiency than the existing protocol PEER.