Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving the glial differentiation of human Schwann-like adipose-derived stem cells with graphene oxide substrates

There is urgent need to improve the clinical outcome of peripheral nerve injury. Many efforts are directed towards the fabrication of bioengineered conduits, which could deliver stem cells to the site of injury to promote and guide peripheral nerve regeneration. The aim of this study is to assess whether graphene and related nanomaterials can be useful in the fabrication of such conduits. A comparison is made between graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO substrates. Our results show that the graphene substrates are highly biocompatible, and the reduced GO substrates are more effective in increasing the gene expression of the biomolecules involved in the regeneration process compared to the other substrates studied.
Modeling Chronic Toxicity: A Comparison of Experimental Variability With (Q)SAR/Read-Across Predictions

This study compares the accuracy of (Q)SAR/read-across predictions with the experimental variability of chronic lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) from in vivo experiments. We could demonstrate that predictions of the lazy structure-activity relationships (lazar) algorithm within the applicability domain of the training data have the same variability as the experimental training data. Predictions with a lower similarity threshold (i.e., a larger distance from the applicability domain) are also significantly better than random guessing, but the errors to be expected are higher and a manual inspection of prediction results is highly recommended.
Classification of Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Controls With Subnetwork Selection and Graph Kernel Principal Component Analysis Based on Minimum Spanning Tree Brain Functional Network

Effective and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as its early stage (mild cognitive impairment, MCI), has attracted more and more attention recently. Researchers have constructed threshold brain function networks and extracted various features for the classification of brain diseases. However, in the construction of the brain function network, the selection of threshold is very important, and the unreasonable setting will seriously affect the final classification results. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a minimum spanning tree (MST) classification framework to identify Alzheimer's disease (AD), MCI, and normal controls (NCs). The proposed method mainly uses the MST method, graph-based Substructure Pattern mining (gSpan), and graph kernel Principal Component Analysis (graph kernel PCA). Specifically, MST is used to construct the brain functional connectivity network; gSpan, to extract features; and subnetwork selection and graph kernel PCA, to select features. Finally, the support vector machine is used to perform classification. We evaluate our method on MST brain functional networks of 21 AD, 25 MCI, and 22 NC subjects. The experimental results show that our proposed method achieves classification accuracy of 98.3, 91.3, and 77.3%, for MCI vs. NC, AD vs. NC, and AD vs. MCI, respectively. The results show our proposed method can achieve significantly improved classification performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Predicting clinical significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 single nucleotide substitution variants with unknown clinical significance using probabilistic neural network and deep neural network-stacked autoencoder

Non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) are single nucleotide substitution occurring in the coding region of a gene and leads to a change in amino-acid sequence of protein. The studies have shown these variations may be associated with disease. Thus, investigating the effects of nsSNPs on protein function will give a greater insight on how nsSNPs can lead into disease. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women causing highest cancer death every year. BRCA1 and BRCA2 tumor suppressor genes are two main candidates of which, mutations in them can increase the risk of developing breast cancer. For prediction and detection of the cancer one can use experimental or computational methods, but the experimental method is very costly and time consuming in comparison with the computational method. The computer and computational methods have been used for more than 30 years. Here we try to predict the clinical significance of BRCA1 and BRCA2 nsSNPs as well as the unknown clinical significances. Nearly 500 BRCA1 and BRCA2 nsSNPs with known clinical significances retrieved from NCBI database. Based on hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity and their role in proteins' second structure, they are divided into 6 groups, each assigned with scores. The data are prepared in the acceptable form to the automated prediction mechanisms, Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) and Deep Neural NetworkStacked AutoEncoder (DNN). With Jackknife cross validation we show that the prediction accuracy achieved for BRCA1 and BRCA2 using PNN are 87.97% and 82.17% respectively, while 95.41% and 92.80% accuracies achieved using DNN. The total required processing time for the training and testing the PNN is 0.9 second and DNN requires about 7 hours of training and it can predict instantly. both methods show great improvement in accuracy and speed compared to previous attempts.
Entropy Based Measurement of Text Dissimilarity for Duplicate – Detection

The problem of identifying approximate similarity between pair of strings is an essential step for data cleansing and data integration process. Most existing approaches have relied on generic or manually tuned distance metrics for estimating the similarity potential duplicate. But existing system does not produce the similarity percentage between pair of strings. In this paper we propose a method using entropy and information gain (IG) to find dissimilarity between pair of strings to increase the accuracy of data.
WE-bridge: West-east bridge for SDN inter-domain network peering

Software defined networking (SDN) [1] works as a centralized control model. However, the Internet is managed by owners of different domains, which makes the centralized control does not work for inter-domain Controlling the flow of data packets in a global network requires each NOS (Network Operating System) to have a relative global network view to determine the next NOS hop. Hence, NOSes are required to exchange reachability and topology information between the inter-domain networks. How such information is efficiently exchanged has not been well addressed so far. Thus, this demo proposes a West-East Bridge (WE-Bridge) mechanism for different SDN administrative domains to peer and cooperate with each other: (1) we design a peer-to-peer based high performance network information exchange mechanism. We define what network information should be exchanged and how such information is efficiently exchanged among inter-domain SDN peers. (2) To achieve a resilient peer-to-peer control plane of heterogeneous NOSes, we propose a `maximum connection degree' based connection algorithm [4]. (3) Considering the privacy, we propose to virtualize the SDN network view, and only exchange the virtualized network view to construct the relative global network view. Applications above WE-Bridge carry out the route translation, calculation, and installation.
Myocardial iron loading by magnetic resonance imaging T2* in good prognostic myelodysplastic syndrome patients on long‐term blood transfusions

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to quantify myocardial iron loading by T2* in 11 transfusion‐dependent good prognostic myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. Myocardial T2*, left ventricular function and hepatic T2* were measured simultaneously. Patients had been on transfusion therapy for 13–123 months and had serum ferritin levels of 1109–6148 μg/l at the time of study. Five patients had not commenced iron chelation and had been transfused with a median of 63 red cell units and had a median serum ferritin level of 1490 μg/l. Six patients were on iron chelation and had been transfused with a median of 112 red cell units and had a median serum ferritin level of 4809 μg/l. Hepatic iron overload was mild in two, moderate in seven and severe in two patients. The median liver iron concentration was 5·9 mg/g dry weight in chelated patients and 9·5 mg/g in non‐chelated patients (P = 0·17; not significant). Myocardial T2* indicated absent iron loading in 10/11 patients (91%; 95% confidence interval 62–98%) and borderline‐normal in one patient. Left ventricular function was normal in all patients. No correlation was observed between increasing serum ferritin levels, hepatic iron overload and myocardial T2*. A long latent period relative to hepatic iron loading appears to predate the development of myocardial iron loading in transfusion‐dependent MDS patients.
Comparison of i-gel™ and laryngeal mask airway Classic™ in terms of ease of insertion and hemodynamic response: A randomized observational study

Context: Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) Classic™ has an inflatable cuff while i-gel™ has a noninflatable cuff made of thermoplastic elastomer. Aims: To compare ease of insertion, number, and duration of insertion attempts among the two device. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the hemodynamic response and SpO2during device insertion and during maintenance of general anesthesia. Settings and Design: This study was conducted as randomized observational study in a teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods: One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II, patients posted for surgery under general anesthesia were divided in two groups of fifty each. LMA Classic™ and i-gel™. Ease of insertion, duration of insertion, hemodynamic data, and episodes of hypoxia during insertion, 1, 3 and 5 min for 30 min, during removal and 1 min after removal. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive analyses were expressed as a mean ± standard deviation. Independent t-test used for parametric data, Chi-square test for nonparametric data and hemodynamic data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to find statistical difference within the groups. Results: Devices were easy to insert, the mean duration of insertion attempts was 15.92 ± 1.62 s in the i-gel™ group, while it was 26.06 ± 5.12 s in the LMA Classic™ group, was statistically significant (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: Successful and shorter duration of insertion, with less hemodynamic response makes i-gel™ a suitable alternative to LMA Classic™ during general anesthesia.
Reliable energy-aware routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN based on beaconing

Heterogeneous WSN(wireless sensor network) is widely used in environmental monitoring, infrastructure monitoring, animal monitoring and smart building. Since nodes in heterogeneous WSN have different power supply and operational capability, routing protocols could make the most of the nodes' heterogeneity to make the network reliable, robust, simple and energy-efficient, but by now, protocols designed can't achieve all these goals. CTP(collection tree protocol) made a good practice to provide a reliable protocol based on beaconing for data collection. But it doesn't consider about energy balance and it doesn't provide an efficient dissemination scheme. In this paper, we present a novel routing protocol for heterogeneous WSN based on beaconing. We introduce EARBB(a Energy-Aware Routing Based on Beaconing) which can provide a reliable and energy-efficient routing scheme for both information collection and dissemination with beaconing packets exchanged between nodes and their neighbour. At the same time, EARBB also support node-to-node routing scheme besides node-to-sink routing scheme. Simulation experiments show that EARBB establish a reliable network which can quickly recover from node failure. During downstream data transmission, 80% less packets need to be sent using EARBB than using flooding. Its average lifetime is at least 20% longer than that of CTP.
Root coverage esthetic score: a system to evaluate the esthetic outcome of the treatment of gingival recession through evaluation of clinical cases.

BACKGROUND Generally, esthetic outcomes following root-coverage procedures are not assessed. This article proposes a score for evaluating the esthetic outcome following root-coverage surgery. METHODS Thirty-one patients with Miller Class I and II recession defects treated with root-coverage procedures were evaluated. Esthetic outcomes were assessed using the root coverage esthetic score (RES) 6 months after surgery. This score evaluates five variables: level of the gingival margin, marginal tissue contour, soft tissue texture, mucogingival junction alignment, and gingival color. Because complete root coverage was the primary treatment goal, and the other variables were considered secondary, the value assigned for root coverage was 60% of the total score, whereas 40% was assigned to the other four variables. With regard to assessment of the final position of the gingival margin, 3 points were given for partial root coverage, and 6 points were given for complete root coverage; 0 points were assigned when the final position of the gingival margin was equal or apical to the previous recession. One point was assigned for each of the other four variables. Thus, 10 points was a perfect score. RESULTS Of the 31 treated recession defects, 24 (77%) exhibited complete root coverage at 6 months. The mean amount of root coverage was 89.4% (range, 0% to 100%). The mean RES was 7.8. Five of 24 cases of complete root coverage achieved a perfect score (RES = 10). In one case, RES = 0. CONCLUSION The RES system may be a useful tool to assess the esthetic outcome following root-coverage procedures.
Challenges in Implementing Ultra-Dense Scenarios in 5G Networks

The growing amount of user traffic in the recent years, the appearance of many technologies with different demands, the increasing number of users which require connection to the network "anytime anywhere", motivate the need of defining new, capable of everything, network architecture. As 5G networks are currently being deployed, the ultra-dense network (UDN) has been established as a promising concept for enhancing the network capacity, and is one of the main features of the 5th generation standards. Recent literature provides many new solutions for the realization of UDN deployments. This paper provides a summary of the challenges which are involved in the implementation and the ways in which they are intertwined to form a guideline for the design of devices for UDNs in 5G.
Adult formulation of a five component acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and inactivated poliovirus vaccine is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults

Background. Pertussis is increasingly recognized as an important cause of cough illness in adolescents and adults. Purpose. To evaluate the safety and antibody response to a single dose of an adult formulation of a five component (pertussis toxoid, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, fimbriae 2 and 3) acellular pertussis vaccine (aP) combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (TdaP) and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (TdaP‐IPV) in adolescents and adults and to assess the response to a second dose of the acellular pertussis vaccine in a subset of the adults. Population and setting. The study addressed 1207 healthy participants (736 adults and 466 adolescents) recruited in five Canadian communities. Study design. In a randomized, observer‐blind, controlled clinical trial, adult participants received Td followed at a separate visit by aP, TdaP followed by IPV or TdaP‐IPV; adolescents received Td‐IPV followed at a separate visit by aP or TdaP‐IPV. A subgroup of adults was given a booster of aP 1 month after TdaP. Outcome measures. Antibody titers measured before and 1 month after each immunization; adverse events enumerated at 24 h, 72 h and 8 to 10 days. Results. The aP vaccine given by itself was associated with adverse events less frequently than were Td, Td‐IPV, TdaP or TdaP‐IPV vaccines, but reaction rates did not differ significantly among the latter products. The antibody response against Bordetella pertussis antigens was vigorous in all groups, although adults given the TdaP‐IPV vaccine had lower antibody titers against filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin, diphtheria and tetanus antibodies than those given TdaP vaccine. Similarly adolescents given TdaP‐IPV had lower antibody titers against pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, fimbriae and agglutinins than those given Td‐IPV and aP alone. A second dose of acellular pertussis vaccine was not associated with increased adverse events in adults but elicited increased antibody titers over that achieved by a single dose only against pertussis toxin. Conclusions. This adult formulation five component aP vaccine given as TdaP‐IPV is safe and immunogenic in adolescents and adults and is a candidate vaccine for adolescent and adult immunization programs.
Determination of the Optimum Number of Cardiac Cycles to Differentiate Intra‐Pulmonary Shunt and Patent Foramen Ovale by Saline Contrast Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and intra‐pulmonary shunt (IPS) are potential causes of stroke. The most optimum cardiac cycle cutoff for bubbles to appear in the left heart on saline contrast transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as criteria to differentiate the 2 entities is unknown.
Hardware-accelerator aware VNF-chain recovery

Hardware-accelerators in Network Function Virtualization (NFV) environments have aided telecommunications companies (telcos) to reduce their expenditures by offloading compute-intensive VNFs to hardware-accelerators. To fully utilize the benefits of hardware-accelerators, VNF-chain recovery models need to be adapted. In this paper, we present an ILP model for optimizing prioritized recovery of VNF-chains in heterogeneous NFV environments following node failures. We also propose an accelerator-aware heuristic for solving prioritized VNF-chain recovery problems of large-size in a reasonable time. Evaluation results show that the performance of heuristic matches with that of ILP in regard to restoration of high and medium priority VNF-chains and a small penalty occurs only for low-priority VNF-chains.
Gallic acid photochemical oxidation as a model compound of winery wastewaters

Winery wastewaters (WW) are characterized by their high organic load and by the presence of non-biodegradable compounds such as phenolic compounds. This study was undertaken to evaluate the capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) combined with several radiation sources to degrade the phenolic compound Gallic Acid (GA). A toxicological assessment was also carried out to evaluate the subproduct's harmful effect generated during the most efficient AOP in the GA photoxidation. Through the course of the study it was verified that the UV radiation lamp TNN 15/32 showed the capacity to degrade 34.7% of GA, the UV radiation lamp TQ 150 achieved a value of 20.2% and the solar radiation presented only a value of 2.3% in 60 minutes. The combination of different advanced oxidation processes (Fenton's reagent, ferrioxalate and heterogeneous photocatalysis) were evaluated with the previously studied sources of radiation. From the experiments conducted it was possible to suggest that the AOP in combination with Fe2 + + H2O2 + UV TNN 15/32 (photo-Fenton process) was the most efficient process thereby achieving the GA degradation value of 95.6% in 7.5 minutes and resulting in a total elimination of toxicity.
An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: the role of the pulmonologist in the diagnosis and management of lung cancer.

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a common problem seen by pulmonologists. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) are professional organizations whose memberships are composed of large numbers of pulmonologists. PURPOSE This document describes the key role of pulmonologists in the prevention, early diagnosis, and management of lung cancer. METHODS A committee of ATS and ERS leaders and their oncology groups discussed the activities of pulmonologists in relation to lung cancer in various settings and reviewed available literature on the topic. The content of this statement was approved by the board of directors of both the ATS and ERS. RESULTS Optimal lung cancer care requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists who care for a significant number of patients on a regular basis. Pulmonologists are responsible for and involved with patients from their initial diagnosis and staging through treatment and restaging. They are often involved with complications, palliative care, and end-of-life care, and thus have an important role in team leadership. CONCLUSIONS Lung cancer is a disease with high mortality, profound effects on the quality of the lives of patients and their families, and an enormous cost and impact on society. To treat lung cancer optimally, care must be prompt, multidisciplinary, and patient-centered. In the entire process, pulmonologists have a key role. Pulmonologists and their professional societies should also enhance lung cancer research and education to provide better treatment options and patient care.
A novel method for detecting disk filtration attacks via the various machine learning algorithms

Disk Filtration (DF) Malware can attack air-gapped computers. However, none of the existing technique can detect DF attacks. To address this problem, a method for detecting the DF attacks based on the fourteen Machine Learning (ML) algorithms is proposed in this paper. First, we collect a number of data about Power Spectral Density (PSD) and frequency of the sound wave from the Hard Disk Drive (HDD). Second, the corresponding machine learning models are trained respectively using the collected data. Third, the trained ML models are employed to detect whether a DF attack occurs or not respectively, if given pair of values of PSD and frequency are input. The experimental results show that the max accuracy of detection is greater than or equal to 99.4%.
Bone mineral density and single photon emission computed tomography changes after total knee arthroplasty: a 2‐year follow‐up study

Dual X‐ray absorptionmetry (DXA) provides a highly reproducible method for quantitative analysis and monitoring periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with bone avid radiopharmaceuticals reflects bone metabolic activity and circulation. We combined information from DXA and SPECT to assess the evaluation of the dynamic balance between BMD and bone turnover.
An Electrophysiological Study of Print Processing in Kindergarten: The Contribution of the Visual N1 as a Predictor of Reading Outcome

Sensitivity to print is characterized by a left occipito-temporal negativity to words in the event-related potential N1. This sensitivity is modulated by reading skills and may thus represent a neural marker of reading competence. Here we studied the development of the N1 in regular and poor readers from preschool age to school age to test whether the amplitude of the N1 predicts children's reading outcomes. Our results suggest a predictive value of the print-sensitive negativity over the right hemisphere. Whether this N1 may serve as a biomarker to improve prognosis in preliterate children should be clarified in future studies.