Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EACL 2012 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics Proceedings of ROBUS-UNSUP 2012: Joint Workshop on Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning in NLP

Unsupervised dependency parsing is one of the most challenging tasks in natural languages processing. The task involves finding the best possible dependency trees from raw sentences without getting any aid from annotated data. In this paper, we illustrate that by applying a supervised incremental parsing model to unsupervised parsing; parsing with a linear time complexity will be faster than the other methods. With only 15 training iterations with linear time complexity, we gain results comparable to those of other state of the art methods. By employing two simple universal linguistic rules inspired from the classical dependency grammar, we improve the results in some languages and get the state of the art results. We also test our model on a part of the ongoing Persian dependency treebank. This work is the first work done on the Persian language.
Update on Mucin-1 immunotherapy in cancer: a clinical perspective

Introduction: Mucin 1 (MUC1) is particularly well suited as a cancer immunotherapy target due to the elevated protein expression and aberrant forms associated with malignancy. A variety of therapeutic strategies have been explored, including antibodies intended to induce cancer cell destruction, and vaccinations with peptides, tumor extracts, and gene expression systems. Areas covered: MUC1 immunotherapeutic strategies have included vaccination with peptide sequences, glycan molecules, viruses, and dendritic cells, monoclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibody conjugates. Here we review the relevant clinical trials in each field of immunotherapy with particular focus on large and recently published trials. Expert opinion: Long clinical experience in the trial setting has reduced concerns of immunotherapy associated toxicities and inappropriate immune responses, with the main limitation (common to many experimental approaches) being a lack of clinical efficacy. However, there have been sufficient treatment-associated responses to justify continued pursuit of MUC1 targeted immunotherapies. The focus now should be on application to the relevant cancers under appropriate circumstances and combination with the emerging non-specific immunotherapy approaches such as the PD-1 pathway inhibitors.
Secret Sharing

Trusting a single entity with an important piece of information is something that carries a large amount of potential risks and often requires a large amount of trust placed in this entity. Historically, one can think of examples in the context of military operations, where a relatively extreme example comes in the form of nuclear launch codes. Other examples can be found in companies where, for example, the president has the sole power to authorize big business decisions such as spending large amounts of money. Due to the critical nature of some of these examples, one could look for a different solution and arrive at the following question.
Hit By Pitches : Moral Hazard , Cost-Benefit , Retaliation , or Lack of Evidence ?

It is commonly believed that baseball teams retaliate when one of their batters is hit by a pitch. In fact, Major League Baseball has legislated to discourage this behavior. Previous analysts have disagreed about whether retaliation is likely directed at the offending pitcher or at one of his teammates; this distinction matters when considering impacts on pitcher behavior. This paper notes that when season-long Hit By Pitch totals — the data used to date — are disaggregated by team, they reveal no evidence of either form of retaliation. Those researching this topic may need to develop new data sources. ∗I thank, without implicating for any remaining errors, Peter Klein, William Shughart, and E. Frank Stephenson for comments on an earlier version of this paper. †Full corresponding address: Prof. Greg Trandel, Department of Economics, Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602–6254; phone: (706)542–3673; fax: (706)542–3376; e-mail: trandel@terry.uga. edu. Hit By Pitches: Moral Hazard, Cost-Benefit, Retaliation, or Lack of Evidence?
Vrije Universiteit Brussel Nanobodies Raised against Monomeric alpha-Synuclein Distinguish between Fibrils at Different Maturation Stages

Nanobodies are single-domain fragments of camelid antibodies that are emerging as versatile tools in biotechnology. We describe here the interactions of a specific nanobody, NbSyn87, with themonomeric and fibrillar forms of α-synuclein (αSyn), a 140-residue protein whose aggregation is associated with Parkinson's disease. We have characterized these interactions using a range of biophysical techniques, including nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry and quartz crystal microbalance measurements. In addition, we have compared the results with those that we have reported previously for a different nanobody, NbSyn2, also raised against monomeric αSyn. This comparison indicates that NbSyn87 and NbSyn2 bind with nanomolar affinity to distinctive epitopes within the C-terminal domain of soluble αSyn, comprising approximately amino acids 118–131 and 137–140, respectively. The calorimetric and quartz crystal microbalance data indicate that the epitopes of both nanobodies are still accessible when αSyn converts into its fibrillar structure. The apparent affinities and other thermodynamic parameters defining the binding between the nanobody and the fibrils, however, vary significantly with the length of time that the process of fibril formation has been allowed to progress and with the conditions under which formation occurs, indicating that the environment of the C-terminal domain of Legend: Nanobodies are single-domain fragments of antibodies derived from llamas or camels. Their exquisite specificity and affinity, as well as their small size, make nanobodies excellent tools for the elucidation of the detailed structural features of large protein assemblies, such as protein aggregates and fibrils. The artwork shows a ribbon representation of the high-resolution crystal structure of the α-synuclein (αSyn) specific nanobody, NbSyn2 in complex with a peptide corresponding to the last five residues of αSyn (Protein Data Bank ID: 2X6M) superposed onto an image of αSyn fibrils obtained by atomic force microscopy (kindly provided by Dr. Tuomas Knowles, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK). 0022-2836/$ see front matter © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. J. Mol. Biol. (2013) 425, 2397–2411 αSyn changes as fibril assembly takes place. These results demonstrate that nanobodies are able to target forms of potentially pathogenic aggregates that differ fromeach other in relativelyminor details of their structure, suchas those associated with fibril maturation. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Optimal KNN Positioning Algorithm via Theoretical Accuracy Criterion in WLAN Indoor Environment

This paper proposes the optimal K nearest neighbors (KNN) positioning algorithm via theoretical accuracy criterion (TAC) in wireless LAN (WLAN) indoor environment. As far as we know, although the KNN algorithm is widely utilized as one of the typical distance dependent positioning algorithms, the optimal selection of neighboring reference points (RPs) involved in KNN has not been significantly analyzed. Therefore, in order to fill this gap, the optimal KNN positioning algorithm based on the best TAC is introduced. And this algorithm is beneficial to construct the reliable WLAN indoor positioning system and provide the efficient location based services (LBSs). The relationship among theoretical expectation accuracy, unit interval of neighboring RPs and dimensions of target location region is also revealed. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of optimal KNN positioning algorithm are verified based on the experimental comparisons respectively in the regular office room, straight corridors, static positioning and dynamic tracking situations.
Unsupervised learning of event-based image recordings using spike-timing-dependent plasticity

The remarkable versatility and efficiency of the brain makes it important to understand its principles in order to push the boundaries of modern computing. Many models in neuroscience effectively model the detailed biological properties of the brain — however, they do not exhibit good performance on any benchmark task. Other systems have good performance, but do not work in the manner that the brain does, thus they do not give any insight into the mechanisms of the brain. A recent model by Diehl and Cook [1] is a neuromorphic system modelled by spiking neural networks (SNN) and spike-timing-dependant plasticity (STDP) that is able to achieve very good results on the MNIST dataset, a benchmark dataset of handwritten numbers for classification algorithms. However, in this system the manner in which MNIST dataset is converted into spikes does not mimic the manner in which neuromorphic sensors record information. Therefore, in this paper, we test the method proposed by Diehl and Cook on the N-MNIST (neuromorphic MNIST) where the MNIST images were recorded using a silicon retina, a DVS sensor that was moved similar to the saccade-like movements of the retina. The output of the camera consists of events at pixels similar to the retinal spikes. In this paper we examined how the original system had to be changed to accommodate the new dataset and noted that with modified parameters that respond to characteristics of the new dataset the system had better accuracy. The 400 neuron system has an accuracy of 93.68% for a smaller 3-class training dataset, and entire 10-class N-MNIST dataset on an 800 neuron network has 80.63% accuracy. We noted that output neurons form clusters that respond to a particular class, making it suitable to stack the system in a hierarchical manner.
Power Minimization under QoS Constraints

QoS has been often addressed in multimedia, video, and networking research communities, but rarely in the design community. Our goal is to introduce the rst system design technique for comprehensive quality-of-service (QoS) low power synthesis. Speci cally, we study how to e ciently exploit the trade-o between the system cost and energy consumption in real-time systems that address packet-based multimedia transmission and processing. We rst introduce a system of techniques that minimizes energy consumption of stream-oriented applications under two main QoS metrics: latency and synchronization. Speci cally, we study how multiple voltages can be used to simultaneously satisfy hardware requirements and minimize power consumption, while preserving the requested level of QoS, in this case satisfying latency and synchronization requirements. We have developed a provably optimal polynomial time o -line algorithm for multiple voltage scheduling of single and multiple processes. The o -line algorithm provides lower bounds on achievable power minimization and can be used as a starting point for the development and evaluation of an on-line approach. The e ectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated on a number of multimedia benchmarks.
Congruent signals of population history but radically different patterns of genetic diversity between mitochondrial and nuclear markers in a mountain lizard

Historical factors, current population size, population connectivity and selective processes at linked loci contribute to shaping contemporary patterns of neutral genetic diversity. It is now widely acknowledged that nuclear and mitochondrial markers react differently to current demography as well as to past history, so the use of both types of markers is often advocated to gain insight on both historical and contemporary processes. We used 12 microsatellite loci genotyped in 13 populations of a mountain lizard (Iberolacerta bonnali) to test whether the historical scenario favoured by a previous mitochondrial study was also supported by nuclear markers and thereby evaluated the consequences of postglacial range movements on nuclear diversity. Congruent signals of recent history were revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial markers using an Approximate Bayesian computation approach, but contemporary patterns of mtDNA and nuclear DNA diversity were radically different. Although dispersal in this species is probably highly restricted at all spatial scales, colonization abilities have been historically good, suggesting capability for reestablishment of locally extinct populations except in fully disconnected habitats.
Determination of the best position and site for color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of the testicular vein to define the clinical grades of varicocele ultrasonographically

Background: There are no generally accepted criteria for the ultrasonographic diagnosis and grading of varicocele. We aimed to determine the best position and site for color Doppler ultrasonographic (CDUS) evaluation of the testicular vein to define the clinical grades of varicocele ultrasonographically. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 103 men (44 normal and 59 with clinical varicocele). First, WHO clinical grade of varicocele was determined by physical examination. Then, the diameter of largest testicular vein at four different sites was measured in both upright and supine positions with or without Valsalva maneuver. Finally, the cut-off points of venous diameter for different clinical grades were determined using the values of the position and sites that had the strongest correlation with the clinical grades. Results: The strongest correlation between venous diameter and clinical grade of varicocele was observed when the venous diameter was measured at the level of epididymal head in the upright position with Valsalva maneuver (r: 0.87, P-value < 0.0001). In aforementioned conditions, venous diameter of 2.35 mm (sensitivity 87%, specificity 87%) can distinguish normal subjects from grade 1 varicocele, venous diameter of 3.15 mm (sensitivity 58%, specificity 70%) can discriminate grade 1 from grade 2, and venous diameter of 3.75 mm (sensitivity 83%, specificity 70%) can differentiate grade 2 from grade 3. Furthermore, venous diameter of 2.65 mm (sensitivity 91%, specificity 89%) can distinguish normal subjects from patients with clinical varicocele. Conclusion: The best position for CDUS examination of patients suspected of having varicocele is the upright position with Valsalva maneuver, and the best site for venous diameter measurement is at the level of epididymal head.
Exponential stabilization of driftless nonlinear control systems via time-varying, homogeneous feedback

This paper brings together results from a number of different areas in control theory to provide an algorithm for the synthesis of locally exponentially stabilizing control laws for a large class of driftless nonlinear control systems. The stability is defined with respect to a nonstandard dilation and is termed "/spl delta/-exponential" stability. The /spl delta/-exponential stabilization relies on the use of feedbacks which render the closed loop vector field homogeneous with respect to a dilation. These feedbacks are generated from a modification of Pomet's algorithm (1992) for smooth feedbacks. Converse Lyapunov theorems for time-periodic homogeneous vector fields guarantee that local exponential stability is maintained in the presence of higher order (with respect to the dilation) perturbing terms. <<ETX>>
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-Induced Calcium Signaling in Neutrophils Is Blocked by the Virulence Effector YopH

ABSTRACT Pathogenic species of the genus Yersinia evade the bactericidal functions of phagocytes. This evasion is mediated through their virulence effectors, Yops, which act within target cells. In this study we investigated the effect of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on Ca2+ signaling in polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The intracellular free calcium concentration in single adherent human neutrophils was monitored during bacterial infection and, in parallel, the encounter between the bacteria and cells was observed. When a plasmid-cured strain was used for infection, adherence of a single bacterium to the cellular surface induced a β1 integrin-dependent transient increase in the intracellular concentration of free calcium. This was, however, not seen with Yop-expressing wild-type bacteria, which adhered to the cell surface without generating any Ca2+ signal. Importantly, the overall Ca2+homeostasis was not affected by the wild-type strain; the Ca2+ signal mediated by the G-protein-coupled formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptor was still functioning. Hence, the blocking effect was restricted to certain receptors and their signaling pathways. The use of different Yop mutant strains revealed that the protein tyrosine phosphatase YopH was responsible for the inhibition. This virulence determinant has previously been implicated in very rapid Yersinia-mediated effects on target cells as the key effector in the blockage of phagocytic uptake. The present finding, that Y. pseudotuberculosis, via YopH, specifically inhibits a self-induced immediate-early Ca2+ signal in neutrophils, offers more-detailed information concerning the effectiveness of this virulence effector and implies an effect on Ca2+-dependent, downstream signals.
WHAT MAKES A DIFFERENCE IN INSERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH

What Makes a Difference in Inservice Teacher Education: A Meta-Analysis of the Research February, 1984 Ruth Konhaus Wade, B.S., Pennsylvania State University Ed.D. , University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor W. S. Wolf, Jr. The purpose of this study was to gather existing quan¬ titative data on inservice teacher education in order to analyze and synthesize the findings. Data were gathered on ninety-one research studies presented between 1968 and 1983 that were available through the ERIC system, dissertations, or journals. Meta-analysis was used to draw generaliza¬ tions regarding the efficacy of various inservice prac¬ tices. Effectiveness was measured at four different effect levels: participants' reactions to training, participants' learning, behavior change of participants, and results in terms of participants or their students. Findings indicate that inservice teacher education programs reported in the literature are moderately effec¬ tive. When the data are grouped by effect level, it be¬ comes apparent that attempts to increase participants'
Structure-constrained low-rank and partial sparse representation for image classification

In this paper, a novel Structure-Constrained Low-Rank and Partial Sparse Representation algorithm for image classification is proposed. First, a Structure-Constrained Low-Rank dictionary learning algorithm is proposed, which imposes both structure and low-rank restriction on the coefficient matrix. Second, under the assumption that the representation of test sample is sparse and correlated with the learned representation of training samples, we concatenate training samples and test samples to form a data matrix and find a low-rank and sparse representation of the data matrix over learned dictionary by low-rank matrix recovery technique. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Research and Collaboration Overview of Institut Pasteur International Network: A Bibliometric Approach Toward Research Funding Decisions

BACKGROUND Institut Pasteur International Network (IPIN), which includes 32 research institutes around the world, is a network of research and expertise to fight against infectious diseases. A scientometric approach was applied to describe research and collaboration activities of IPIN. METHODS Publications were identified using a manual search of IPIN member addresses in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) between 2006 and 2011. Total publications were then subcategorized by geographic regions. Several scientometric indicators and the H-index were employed to estimate the scientific production of each IPIN member. Subject and geographical overlay maps were also applied to visualize the network activities of the IPIN members. RESULTS A total number of 12667 publications originated from IPIN members. Each author produced an average number of 2.18 papers and each publication received an average of 13.40 citations. European Pasteur Institutes had the largest amount of publications, authored papers, and H-index values. Biochemistry and molecular biology, microbiology, immunology and infectious diseases were the most important research topics, respectively. Geographic mapping of IPIN publications showed wide international collaboration among IPIN members around the world. CONCLUSION IPIN has strong ties with national and international authorities and organizations to investigate the current and future health issues. It is recommended to use scientometric and collaboration indicators as measures of research performance in IPIN future policies and investment decisions.
Wireless Information and Power Transfer: A Dynamic Power Splitting Approach

Energy harvesting is a promising solution to prolong the operation time of energy-constrained wireless networks. In particular, scavenging energy from ambient radio signals, namely wireless energy harvesting (WEH), has recently drawn significant attention. In this paper, we consider a point-to-point wireless link over the flat-fading channel, where the receiver has no fixed power supplies and thus needs to replenish energy via WEH from the signals sent by the transmitter. We first consider a SISO (single-input single-output) system where the single-antenna receiver cannot decode information and harvest energy independently from the same signal received. Under this practical constraint, we propose a dynamic power splitting (DPS) scheme, where the received signal is split into two streams with adjustable power levels for information decoding and energy harvesting separately based on the instantaneous channel condition that is assumed to be known at the receiver. We derive the optimal power splitting rule at the receiver to achieve various trade-offs between the maximum ergodic capacity for information transfer and the maximum average harvested energy for power transfer, which are characterized by the boundary of a so-called "rate-energy (R-E)" region. Moreover, for the case when the channel state information is also known at the transmitter, we investigate the joint optimization of transmitter power control and receiver power splitting. The achievable R-E region by the proposed DPS scheme is also compared against that by the existing time switching scheme as well as a performance upper bound by ignoring the practical receiver constraint. Finally, we extend the result for optimal DPS to the SIMO (single-input multiple-output) system where the receiver is equipped with multiple antennas. In particular, we investigate a low-complexity power splitting scheme, namely antenna switching, which achieves the near-optimal rate-energy trade-offs as compared to the optimal DPS.
A two-bit-per-cycle successive-approximation ADC with background offset calibration

In this paper we present a 10-bit, two-bit per cycles successive-approximation A/D converter (ADC). The circuit, operated at 60 MHz clock frequency, achieves a sampling frequency of 10 MHz, requiring only 6 clock cycles to accomplish a conversion. The ADC exploits three comparators to resolve two bits during each conversion cycle. To avoid the severe performance degradation due to offset mismatches among the comparators, we developed a novel background offset calibration technique. During the input signal sampling phase, when the comparators would otherwise be idle, we reconfigure the circuit to implement three one-bit per cycle, 8-bit successive-approximation ADCs, which within 8 conversion cycles measure the offset of each comparator. The effect of the comparator offset is then canceled in the digital domain. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution, allowing to achieve 10 bits of resolutions even in the presence of large offsets in the comparators.