Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Cytochrome P450 3A4 Biosensor Based on Generation 4.0 PAMAM Dendrimers for the Detection of Caffeine

Cytochromes P450 (CYP, P450) are a large family of heme-active-site proteins involved in many catalytic processes, including steroidogenesis. In humans, four primary enzymes are involved in the metabolism of almost all xenobiotics. Among these enzymes, CYP3A4 is responsible for the inactivation of the majority of used drugs which makes this enzyme an interesting target for many fields of research, especially pharmaceutical research. Since the late 1970s, attempts have been made to construct and develop electrochemical sensors for the determination of substrates. This paper is concerned with the establishment of such a CYP3A4-containing biosensor. The sensor was constructed by adsorption of alternating layers of sub-nanometer gold particle-modified PAMAM (poly-amido-amine) dendrimers of generation 4.0, along with the enzyme by a layer-by-layer assembly technique. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to elucidate the sensor assembly. Additionally, the biosensor was tested by cyclic voltammetry using caffeine as a substrate.
Orthostatic Hypotension and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Background Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has been related to the increased risk of future congestive heart failure (CHF) events. However, the overall quantitative estimate of predictive ability of OH for CHF has not been determined. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between OH and incident CHF. Methods Prospective cohort studies relevant to the aim of the study were identified by searching of Medline and Embase databases up to December 25, 2012 without restrictions and by reviewing the reference lists from retrieved articles. Results A total of 51270 subjects and 3603 incident CHF cases from 4 prospective cohorts were included in the meta-analysis. Using random effect model, the pooled result indicated that presence of OH at baseline was significantly associated with an increased risk for future CHF outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.55; p = 0.004). Results of stratified analysis suggested that the association between OH and CHF incidence seemed to be significant in middle-age subjects, or the individuals with hypertension and diabetes at baseline, but did not significant in the elderly subjects or those without hypertension or diabetes. Conclusions Our meta-analysis confirmed that presence of OH is related to a significant increased risk for development of CHF in the future. Studies are needed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying this association. More importantly, screen for OH may be of great clinical significance for the early identification of subjects at higher risk for development of CHF.
Local and Global Region-Based Curve Evolutions for Image Segmentation

In this paper, we propose a novel region-based active contour model in a variational level set formulation. The energy functional for the proposed model consists of two terms, i.e., global term, local term. Therefore, the combination of these two forces allows for flexible initialization of the contours. This energy is then incorporated into a level set for- mulation with a level set regularization term that is necessary for accurate computation in the corresponding level set method. The proposed model is first presented as a two-phase level set formulation and then extended to a multi-phase formulation. Finally, experiments on some synthetic and real images have demonstrated the efficiency and robustness of our model. Moreover, comparisons with recent popular local image fitting (LIF) model also show that our model is less sensitive to the location of initial contour.
Mobile positioning using wireless networks: possibilities and fundamental limitations based on available wireless network measurements

Positioning in wireless networks is mainly used for safety, gaming, and commercial services. It is expected to increase in popularity when emergency call services become mandatory as well as with the advent of more advanced location-based services and mobile gaming. In this article, we discuss and illustrate the possibilities and fundamental limitations associated with mobile positioning based on available wireless network measurements. The possibilities include a sensor fusion approach and model-based filtering, while the fundamental limitations provide hard bounds on the accuracy of position estimates, given the information in the measurements in the most favorable situation. The focus of this article is to illustrate the relation between performance requirements, such as those stated by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), and the available measurements. Specific issues on accuracy limitation in each measurement, such as synchronization and multipath problems, are briefly commented upon. A geometrical example, as well as a realistic example adopted from a cell planning tool, are used for illustration.
More convenient more overhead: the performance evaluation of Hadoop streaming

Hadoop is one popular implementation of MapReduce programming model, which has made programming on distributed system with much ease. In computer world, the convenience is always at the cost of performance. Comparing with MPI, Hadoop simplifies the programming, but it degrades the performance. In this work, we focus on the comparison between Hadoop and Hadoop Streaming, since Hadoop Streaming is widely used as it frees programmers from Java language, which makes programmers use the power of Hadoop more easily. Also, Hadoop Streaming brings the performance penalty. With deep analysis of Hadoop Streaming mechanism, we find out that pipe is the major bottleneck. In our experiments, we evaluate the performance of Hadoop Streaming with 6 benchmarks, The experiment results show that Hadoop Streaming degrades the performance a lot only for data intensive jobs, and for computational intensive jobs, Hadoop Streaming may even performs better because of using a more effiecient language than Java.
UJIIndoorLoc-Mag: A new database for magnetic field-based localization problems

Indoor localization is a key topic for mobile computing. However, it is still very difficult for the mobile sensing community to compare state-of-art Indoor Positioning Systems due to the scarcity of publicly available databases. Magnetic field-based methods are becoming an important trend in this research field. Here, we present UJIIndoorLoc-Mag database, which can be used to compare magnetic field-based indoor localization methods. It consists of 270 continuous samples for training and 11 for testing. Each sample comprises a set of discrete captures taken along a corridor with a period of 0.1 seconds. In total, there are 40,159 discrete captures, where each one contains features obtained from the magnetometer, the accelerometer and the orientation sensor of the device. The accuracy results obtained using two baseline methods are also presented to show the suitability of the presented database for further comparisons.
Représentation focus+contexte de listes hiérarchiques zoomables

Ordinary tree widgets do not make it easy to browse all the nodes of the hierarchy, thus reducing the performances for discovering or retrieving an object of interest. This paper presents a new visualization and interaction technique that tries to solve this problem by using a fish eye representation, semantic zooming and an interaction technique that is derived from Control menus. This technique makes it possible to browse the entire hierarchy by using a limited amount of mouse gestures.
When do immigrant adolescents feel personally discriminated against? Longitudinal effects of peer preference

Despite research showing that immigrant adolescents differ in the degree to which they feel personally discriminated against, little is known about individual predictors of their perceived personal discrimination. We studied the role of a major developmental task in adolescence that is highly relevant for discrimination experiences: being liked by peers. We followed N = 532 13-year old immigrant students (n = 294 boys) in Greek high schools over 2 years to examine longitudinal links between personal ethnic discrimination and social preference among host-national and immigrant classmates. We applied a sociometric method to asses peer preference and we assessed self-perceived preference. Cross-lagged models revealed that preference among host-national peers but not by immigrant peers predicted low personal ethnic discrimination beyond self-perceptions of preference and group ethnic discrimination. Group ethnic discrimination moderated the effect of preference among host-national peers on low personal ethnic discrimination. Peer preference, in turn, did not feed back on personal ethnic discrimination. Findings highlight the importance of being liked by host-national classmates for immigrant adolescents: it can prevent feelings of being personally discriminated against, even if they perceive their group to be discriminated against.
The hypersensitivity of the Chinese hamster ovary variant BL-10 to bleomycin killing is due to a lack of glutathione S-transferase-alpha activity.

As a means to understand the fundamental mechanisms of bleomycin cell killing, we previously isolated 19 bleomycin-sensitive mutants which represent at least six genetically distinct complementation groups (T.D. Stamato, B. Peters, P. Patil, N. Denko, R. Weinstein, and A. Giaccia. Cancer Res., 47: 1588-1592, 1987). One class of mutants represented by the cell line BL-10 displays only hypersensitivity to killing by bleomycin in both acute (16 h) and chronic treatments but no sensitivity to killing by other DNA-damaging agents. Complementation studies between this mutant and human fibroblasts suggested that the human gene which corrects the defect of BL-10 rested on human chromosome 6. It has been reported that the gene for human glutathione S-transferase (GST) alpha also resides on chromosome 6. Measurements of selenium-independent peroxidase (alpha-GST + glutathione peroxidase) activity in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, using cumene hydrogen peroxide as a substrate, gave a value of 112 nmol of glutathione oxidized/min/mg protein compared with 88.1 nmol of glutathione oxidized/min/mg protein for BL-10. Measurement of the selenium-dependent peroxidase activity, using H2O2 as a substrate, resulted in 65.9 nmol of reduced glutathione oxidized/min/mg protein in CHO and 81.5 nmol of reduced glutathione oxidized/min/mg protein for BL-10. In other words, BL-10 cells did not exhibit a difference in their ability to metabolize both substrates in contrast to CHO cells. This indicates that BL-10 possesses little alpha-GST activity. Transfection of BL-10 cells with a mammalian expression vector containing the alpha-GST gene increases the survival of BL-10 to bleomycin and does not increase the bleomycin resistance of two other bleomycin mutants which lie in different genetic complementation groups. These data strongly implicate a role for alpha-GST in the resistance of cells to bleomycin.
Effect of tetanus toxin on the excitatory and the inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials in the cat motoneurone.

Tetanus toxin (100 mouse minimal lethal doses per kilogram) was injected into the medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat. At various times thereafter, homonymous and heteronymous group Ia excitatory post‐synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s), disynaptic reciprocal Ia inhibitory post‐synaptic potentials (i.p.s.p.s) and post‐synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) produced by sural nerve stimulation were recorded in the medial gastrocnemius motoneurones. The duration of the after‐hyperpolarization, the input resistance and the axonal conduction velocity of motoneurones were also measured. Homonymous Ia e.p.s.p.s remained normal until 72 h after toxin injection. However, 5 days after toxin injection, the amplitudes of Ia e.p.s.p.s. were significantly smaller than those in control animals (1.5 +/‐ 1.0 mV versus 5.6 +/‐ 2.7 mV; t test, P less than 0.001). Heteronymous Ia e.p.s.p.s produced by stimulation of the lateral gastrocnemius‐soleus nerve 5 days after toxin injection were also significantly smaller than those in control animals (0.6 +/‐ 0.6 mV versus 2.5 +/‐ 1.5 mV; P less than 0.001). However, these heteronymous Ia e.p.s.p.s remained normal when the lateral gastrocnemius‐soleus nerve was ligated and sectioned at the entry to those muscles just before the toxin injection. The ascending volleys, which are supposed to represent mainly the action potentials of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract and to be elicited monosynaptically by collaterals of group I afferents, were essentially the same in the left tetanic and right control sides up to 5 days after toxin injection. Ia i.p.s.p.s and the hyperpolarizing component of sural p.s.p.s could not be produced or were very small in motoneurones sampled later than 30 h after toxin injection. The duration of the after‐hyperpolarization and the input resistance of motoneurones remained normal. Axonal conduction velocity of motoneurones measured 5 days after toxin injection was 89.4 +/‐ 12.7 m/s, and was significantly slower than that of control motoneurones (94.1 +/‐ 15.4 m/s) (P less than 0.005). Differences in the amplitude of group I incoming volleys between tetanic leg and contralateral control leg were not observed. These results suggest that tetanus toxin blocks excitatory synapses in the central nervous system as well as inhibitory synapses.
Scientific Literature Retrieval Model Based on Weighted Term Frequency

Science and technology literature retrieval system is commonly used by researchers as document retrieval tools. The classic information retrieval models such as Boolean Model [1], Vector Space Model and Probabilistic model neglect the position of query words in every paper. We propose a weighted term frequency model (WTFM) based on term frequency, and through a simulated annealing algorithm to learn the weighted factor. The results of experiments show that our weighted factors model gets better performance than ordinary models.
Performance of planar multisite microprobes in recording extracellular single-unit intracortical activity

The microprobes consist of a thin-film electrode array supported by a silicon micromachined substrate and insulated using deposited dielectrics. Microprobes with multiple recording sites spaced from 30 mu m to 200 mu m apart are used to record spontaneous single-unit activity from rat cerebral cortex. Additionally, a theoretical model is used to establish a basis for interpreting the multisite single-unit data. The results suggest that the microprobes (1) couple tightly to the neural tissue with relatively little disturbance to the neural system, (2) facilitate the identification of single units in multiunit records through the use of spatially-separate recording sites, and (3) can be used to detect the cell position in tissue and observe events such as the propagation of electrical activity from the soma to the dendritic tree. <<ETX>>
A Situational Analysis of Educational Supervision in the Turkish Educational System

The purpose of this study is to conduct a situational analysis on the educational supervisions carried out within the Turkish educational system. Content analysis was used in this study, which is one of the qualitative research methods. An interview form was prepared by the researchers in accordance with the study purpose and expert opinion sought to ensure content and face validity. Findings of the study show that; supervision is necessary for an increase in educational quality, sustainability of educational worker development, determination and elimination of possible deficiencies, to ensure not falling behind developments in the educational system, and to collaborate within the school. It has been determined that the agents who carry out the supervision should have professional competencies, should be able to enter into effective communication, should be able to spare enough time for supervision and follow the principles of equality. In addition, the importance of effective and sufficient guidance and parental participation was highlighted. In a change to the Turkish educational system in 2014, the authority and responsibility of supervision was assigned to the school principals. Because it would decrease the psychological pressure that supervision imposes on educational workers, and enable a positive atmosphere for communication over a prolonged period, this change was believed to be beneficial overall. According to another standpoint, because school principals lack professional competencies regarding educational supervision and do not follow the principles of equality, this change instead was believed to be unfavorable.
A longitudinal study of the relationship between dental caries and obesity in late childhood and adolescence

OBJECTIVES To determine whether caries experience in late childhood (aged 7-9 years) was predictive of adolescent obesity (ages 12-16 years) to inform the use of a common risk factor approach (CRFA) for prevention. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in an area of North West England. Clinical assessment of caries took place using the same methodology at ages 7-9 years and 12-16 years. Body mass index (BMI) category was calculated from height and weight measurements using age and gender specific cut-offs at 12-16 years only. The association between dependent variable (BMI category dichotomized as underweight/normal and overweight/obese) and explanatory variables (baseline and follow-up dental caries and sociodemographic status) adjusted for age, was assessed. RESULTS At baseline, 5,470 (96.8 percent) participants took part and information was available for 2,958 (54.1 percent) participants at follow-up. Univariate analysis indicated that BMI category in adolescence was not shown to be significantly associated with: the presence or absence of caries in late childhood (P = 0.61); in adolescence (P = 0.06); gender (P = 0.91); or deprivation (P = 0.35). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that BMI category in adolescence was not predicted by caries in late childhood or adolescence, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSION Caries and obesity were highly prevalent in this population. Caries in childhood was not shown to be associated with obesity in adolescence and there was no cross-sectional association between the two diseases in adolescence. A CRFA is not precluded, however, the results suggest that additional interventions, specific for each disease, are required to prevent obesity and caries.
Gender Role Attitudes and the Labour-market Outcomes of Women across OECD Countries

This paper uses data from the World Value Surveys (1990, 1995,1999) to investigate the impact of gender role attitudes and work values on women's labour-market outcomes across 25 OECD countries. Anti-egalitarian views are found to display the strongest negative association with female employment rates and the gender pay gap. These views are, however, softening among recent cohorts. On the other hand, perceptions of women's role as homemakers, which are likely formed in youth and linked to religious ideology, are more persistent over time. They could be implicated in the recent slowdown of the gender convergence in pay. Finally, the unavoidable clash between family values and egalitarian views, that takes the form of an inner conflict for many women--the so-called 'mother's guilt'--is another obstacle in the path towards greater gender equality in the labour market. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Preparation of a Purified Antigenic Cholera Toxoid

Purified cholera enterotoxin was prepared by methods described by Finkelstein and Lo Spalluto (1970). This toxin was detoxified by treatment with heat and formaldehyde. Heating cholera toxin at 60 C for 25 min resulted in the formation of a polymer named procholeragenoid by Finkelstein et al. (1971). The weak toxic activity of this product was removed by treatment with formalin. No residual toxicity could be demonstrated in formalinized procholeragenoid by the rabbit ileal loop assay and the highly sensitive rabbit skin tests. This toxoid was nevertheless at least as antigenic in the rabbit as was the toxin. No reversion to toxicity was observed in vivo and in vitro at 4 C. The toxicity of formalinized procholeragenoid never exceeded 1/5,000 to 1/10,000 that of the toxin.
Authoring pervasive multimodal user interfaces

In this paper, we present an environment for authoring pervasive multimodal user interfaces. It is composed of a set of XML-based languages, transformations among such languages, and an authoring tool. It provides designers with the possibility of designing interfaces for a wide set of platforms, which support various modalities. We describe how the environment has deeply changed from the initial mono-modal, web-oriented environment and provide example applications for a number of platforms.
A compositional modelling framework for exploring MPSoC systems

This paper presents a novel compositional framework for system level performance estimation and exploration of Multi-Processor System On Chip (MPSoC) based systems. The main contributions are the definition of a compositional model which allows quantitative performance estimation to be carried out throughout all design phases ranging from early functional specification to actual cycle accurate and bit true descriptions of the system. This is possible, because a seamless refinement of models is supported by allowing the existence of models described at multiple levels of abstraction to co-exist and communicate. In order to illustrate the use of the framework, a mobile digital audio processing platform, supplied by the company Bang & Olufsen ICEpower a/s, is considered.