Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis of static features for Android malware detection

The recent explosion of the number of mobile malware in the wild, significantly increases the importance of developing techniques to detect them. There are many published research in this area which employed traditional desktop malware detection approaches like dynamic and static analysis techniques to detect mobile malwares, but none of them applied a thorough study on the sensitivity analysis of the features used. In this paper we divide static features of classification-based Android malware detection techniques proposed in different papers into some related categories and study the influence of using each category of features on the efficiency of classification-based Android malware detections technique using all the static features.
HUBBLE AND KECK TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF ACTIVE ASTEROID 288P/300163 (2006 VW139)

We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Keck 10 m telescope observations of active asteroid 288P/300163 (2006 VW139) taken to examine ejected dust. The nucleus is a C-type object with absolute magnitude HV = 17.0 ± 0.1 and estimated diameter ∼2.6 km (for assumed visual geometric albedo pV = 0.04). Variations in the brightness of the nucleus at the 10%–15% level are significant in both 2011 December and 2012 October but we possess too few data to distinguish variations caused by activity from those caused by rotation. The dust scattering cross-section in 2011 December is ∼40 km2, corresponding to a dust mass ∼9 × 106 kg (88 μm mean particle radius assumed). The FWHM of the debris sheet varies from ∼100 km near the nucleus to ∼1000 km 30″ (40,000 km) east of it. Dust dynamical models indicate ejection speeds between 0.06 and 0.3 m s−1, particle sizes between 10 and 300 μm and an inverse square-root relation between particle size and velocity. Overall, the data are most simply explained by prolonged, low velocity ejection of dust, starting in or before 2011 July and continuing until at least 2011 October. These properties are consistent with the sublimation of near-surface ice aided by centrifugal forces. The high spatial resolution of our HST images (52 km pixel−1) reveals details that remained hidden in previous ground-based observations, such as the extraordinarily small vertical extent of the dust sheet, ejection speeds well below the nucleus escape speed, and the possibility of a binary nucleus.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Extended Family, Friendship, Fictive Kin and Congregational Informal Support Networks.

Involvement with kin and non kin is an essential component of daily life for the vast majority of Americans. Family and friendship support networks are important for coping with the ongoing stresses of daily life (e.g. Benin & Keith, 1995), providing a place to live when confronting homelessness (Taylor, Chatters & Celious 2003), and in coping with physical and mental health problems (Cohen, Underwood & Gottlieb, 2000; Lincoln, 2000). This study explores differences between African Americans, non-Hispanic Whites and Caribbean Blacks (Black Caribbeans) on several measures of family, friendship, fictive kin and religious congregation-based informal support networks, using data from the National Survey of American Life. The literature review begins with a discussion of the family solidarity model as the theoretical perspective framing our analysis of kin and non-kin relations and social support. This is followed by a review of research findings on Black-White differences in family and non-kin support networks and a review of available information on informal support networks within the Caribbean Black population in the United States. This section concludes with a description of the focus and goals of the present investigation.
Envelope residue 375 substitutions in simian–human immunodeficiency viruses enhance CD4 binding and replication in rhesus macaques

Significance Simian–human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) are an invaluable tool for assessing HIV-1 vaccines, developing therapeutic “cure” strategies, and understanding viral immunopathogenesis. However, only limited success has been achieved in creating SHIVs that incorporate HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) that retain the antigenic features of clinically relevant viruses. Here we focus on a critical residue of the CD4-binding region, Env375, which is under strong positive selection across the broad range of primate lentiviruses. We find that genotypic variation of residue 375 allows for the creation of pathogenic SHIVs that retain the antigenicity, tier 2 neutralization sensitivity, and persistence properties characteristic of primary HIV-1 strains. Taken together, our findings suggest a new paradigm for SHIV design and modeling with important applications to HIV-1 vaccine, cure, and pathogenesis research. Most simian–human immunodeficiency viruses (SHIVs) bearing envelope (Env) glycoproteins from primary HIV-1 strains fail to infect rhesus macaques (RMs). We hypothesized that inefficient Env binding to rhesus CD4 (rhCD4) limits virus entry and replication and could be enhanced by substituting naturally occurring simian immunodeficiency virus Env residues at position 375, which resides at a critical location in the CD4-binding pocket and is under strong positive evolutionary pressure across the broad spectrum of primate lentiviruses. SHIVs containing primary or transmitted/founder HIV-1 subtype A, B, C, or D Envs with genotypic variants at residue 375 were constructed and analyzed in vitro and in vivo. Bulky hydrophobic or basic amino acids substituted for serine-375 enhanced Env affinity for rhCD4, virus entry into cells bearing rhCD4, and virus replication in primary rhCD4 T cells without appreciably affecting antigenicity or antibody-mediated neutralization sensitivity. Twenty-four RMs inoculated with subtype A, B, C, or D SHIVs all became productively infected with different Env375 variants—S, M, Y, H, W, or F—that were differentially selected in different Env backbones. Notably, SHIVs replicated persistently at titers comparable to HIV-1 in humans and elicited autologous neutralizing antibody responses typical of HIV-1. Seven animals succumbed to AIDS. These findings identify Env–rhCD4 binding as a critical determinant for productive SHIV infection in RMs and validate a novel and generalizable strategy for constructing SHIVs with Env glycoproteins of interest, including those that in humans elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies or bind particular Ig germ-line B-cell receptors.
A simple dynamic clustering approach to achieve energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks

Purpose – Recent wireless communication and electronics technology has enabled the development of low‐cost, low‐power, and multi‐functional sensor nodes. However, the fact that sensor nodes are severely energy‐constrained has been an issue and many energy‐efficient routing protocols have been proposed to resolve it. Cluster‐based routing protocol is one of them. To achieve longer lifetime, some cluster‐based routing protocols use information on GPS‐based location of each sensor node. However, because of high cost, not all sensor nodes can be GPS‐enabled. The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple dynamic clustering approach to achieve energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Design/methodology/approach – Instead of using location information of each sensor node, this approach utilizes information of remaining energy of each sensor node and changes in the number of cluster head nodes dependent on the number of sensor nodes alive. Performance results are presented and compared with some re.
DC-Link Control Filtering Options for Torque Ripple Reduction in Low-Power Wind Turbines

Small wind energy conversion systems (WECSs) are becoming an attractive option for distributed energy generation. WECSs use permanent-magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) directly coupled to the wind turbine and connected to the grid through a single-phase grid-tie converter. The loading produced on the dc link is characterized by large ripple currents at twice the grid frequency. These ripple currents are reflected through the dc bus into the PMSG, causing increased heating and ripple torque. In this paper, the PMSG inverter is used to control the dc-link voltage. In order to avoid reflecting the ripple currents into the PMSG, the feedback dc-link voltage is passed through a filter. The Butterworth filters, notch filters, antiresonant filter (ARF) and moving average filter (MAF) are considered. For a fair comparison, formulas are provided to tune the filter parameters so that dc-link voltage control will achieve the selected bandwidth. The different filtering options produce different levels of torque ripple reduction. The notch filter, ARF, and MAF obtain the best results and there is a tradeoff between the filter implementation complexity, bandwidth, overshoot, and the torque ripple reduction. Simulations and experiments using a 2.5-kW PMSG turbine generator validate the proposals.
S-band hybrid 4 bit phase shifter

S-band hybrid 4 bit phase shifter of 22.5° phase resolution is designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. Bits are separately designed to maintain low phase errors and return loss. In this manner, fabrication and measurements are performed for each bit. These measurements are carried on since each bit reached to its acceptable level of operation. According to the outcomes and acquired knowledge, layout for optimum cascading of 4 bits is developed. Measurement results are compared with simulations and repeatability is tested to observe if it is convenient to use in mass production. Designs and simulations are performed by using ADS2008®.
Investigation of the mechanism of action of alemtuzumab in a human CD52 transgenic mouse model

Alemtuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD52, an antigen found on the surface of normal and malignant lymphocytes. It is approved for the treatment of B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and is undergoing Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The exact mechanism by which alemtuzumab mediates its biological effects in vivo is not clearly defined and mechanism of action studies have been hampered by the lack of cross‐reactivity between human and mouse CD52. To address this issue, a transgenic mouse expressing human CD52 (hCD52) was created. Transgenic mice did not display any phenotypic abnormalities and were able to mount normal immune responses. The tissue distribution of hCD52 and the level of expression by various immune cell populations were comparable to those seen in humans. Treatment with alemtuzumab replicated the transient increase in serum cytokines and depletion of peripheral blood lymphocytes observed in humans. Lymphocyte depletion was not as profound in lymphoid organs, providing a possible explanation for the relatively low incidence of infection in alemtuzumab‐treated patients. Interestingly, both lymphocyte depletion and cytokine induction by alemtuzumab were largely independent of complement and appeared to be mediated by neutrophils and natural killer cells because removal of these populations with antibodies to Gr‐1 or asialo‐GM‐1, respectively, strongly inhibited the activity of alemtuzumab whereas removal of complement by treatment with cobra venom factor had no impact. The hCD52 transgenic mouse appears to be a useful model and has provided evidence for the previously uncharacterized involvement of neutrophils in the activity of alemtuzumab.
Validation of pesticide root zone model 3.12: Employing uncertainty analysis

Computer models are being increasingly used to provide an efficient cost‐effective means of evaluating the fate and behavior of chemicals in the environment. These models can be used in lieu of or in conjunction with field studies. Because of the increasing reliance on models for critical regulatory decision making, the need arose to assess the validity of regulatory models via an analysis of the correlation of model response estimates with measured data. In conjunction with the evaluation of the correlation of model response estimates and measured field data, a rigorous statistically based validation was also warranted. Because of the unique nature of the correlative exercise using modeled and measured data, standard statistical analyses, while informative, failed to encompass factors associated with the uncertainty of measured environmental fate data and potential model inputs. In an effort to evaluate this uncertainty, an initial sensitivity analysis was performed where key model input parameters for runoff and leaching simulations were identified. Once the sensitive input parameters were identified, a Monte Carlo‐based preprocessor was developed whereby the sampling distributions of these parameters were used to propagate uncertainty in the input parameters into error in model predictions. Importantly, assumptions about parameter distributions for input into the Monte Carlo tool were made only after a formal detailed site‐specific analysis of measured field data. Employing the functionality of the Crystal Ball® Pro development environment, the pesticide root zone model (PRZM) 3.12 was run iteratively for 500 trials, and model output was collated and analyzed. The model predictions were considered reasonably accurate for most regulatory requirements, and the model prediction error was considered acceptable.
Thrombin stimulates proliferation of liver fat‐storing cells and expression of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1: Potential role in liver injury

Liver fat‐storing cells (FSC) proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix in experimental models of liver injury. In this study, we determined if thrombin, a serine protease produced during acute and chronic tissue injury, modulates the functions of FSC. Thrombin stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of FSC, as assessed by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation assay and measurement of cell number, respectively. Thrombin also increased the secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) in a time‐and dose‐dependent fashion. The effect of thrombin on both DNA synthesis and MCP‐1 secretion was neutralized by pretreatment of thrombin with hirudin. The increased MCP‐1 secretion was associated with increased steady‐state levels of MCP‐1 messenger RNA. Pretreatment of FSC with 5 μmol/L retinol for 48 hours inhibited the mitogenic effects of thrombin but not the induction of MCP‐1 secretion. FSC express specific transcripts encoding for the human thrombin receptor, as shown by Northern blot analysis of poly (A)+ RNA. Proteolytic activation of the thrombin receptor results in the formation of a new N‐terminus that functions as a tethered ligand. We studied the effects of a thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) corresponding to the newly formed N‐terminus, on FSC. TRAP mimicked the effects of thrombin on [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, MCP‐1 secretion, and MCP‐1 gene expression. This study suggests that thrombin may be involved in modulating FSC proliferation and monocyte chemotaxis during human liver disease, through proteolytic activation of its receptor. (Hepatology 1995; 22:780–787.)
Wind power and hydrogen generation system with cooperatively controlled energy capacitor

One of the foremost issues in the wind power generation is the output power fluctuation of wind generator due to the random variation of wind speed. Wind turbine generator systems (both fixed and variable speed types) more or less undergo within the power fluctuation dilemma. In addition, fixed speed wind generator suffers from terminal voltage fluctuation. This is because the fixed capacitor bank connected to its terminal cannot maintain constant terminal voltage due to the wind speed variation. This paper proposes an energy capacitor system (ECS), composed of electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and power electronic converters, to smoothen output power and terminal voltage fluctuations of grid connected fixed speed wind farm. The exponential moving average (EMA) is introduced to generate the power reference of ECS. Another salient feature of this study is the generation of hydrogen by using wind generator output power. Effective topology of wind power and hydrogen generation system with cooperatively controlled ECS is proposed from the cost and performance points of view.
Geostatistical Analysis to Identify Hydrogeochemical Processes in Complex Aquifers: A Case Study (Aguadulce Unit, Almeria, SE Spain)

Abstract The Aguadulce aquifer unit in southeastern Spain is a complex hydrogeological system because of the varied lithology of the aquifer strata and the variability of the processes that can take place within the unit. Factorial analysis of the data allowed the number of variables to be reduced to 3 factors, which were found to be related to such physico-chemical processes as marine intrusion and leaching of saline deposits. Variographic analysis was applied to these factors, culminating in a study of spatial distribution using ordinary kriging. Mapping of the factors allowed rapid differentiation of some of the processes that affect the waters of the Gador carbonate aquifer within the Aguadulce unit, without the need to recur to purely hydrogeochemical techniques. The results indicate the existence of several factors related to salinity: marine intrusion, paleowaters, and/or leaching of marls and evaporitic deposits. The techniques employed are effective, and the results conform to those obtained using hydrogeochemical methods (vertical records of conductivity and temperature, ion ratios, and others). The findings of this study confirm that the application of such analytical methods can provide a useful assessment of factors affecting groundwater composition.
Histopathological comparison of vascular wall damage created by external cross-clamp and endoluminal balloon occlusion techniques.

AIM Almost all cross-clamps utilized in vascular surgery, even atraumatic clamps, have been shown to cause mechanical damage to the vascular wall. In recent years, surgical procedures using an endoluminal balloon technique have been reported as an alternative occlusion strategy. This study discusses the histopathological characteristics and comparison between vascular wall damage secondary to the two occlusion techniques in the early postoperative period. METHODS Twelve adult rabbits were divided into two experimental groups: the clamp group (N. = 6) and the balloon group (N. = 6). External cross-clamp occlusion was applied to the abdominal aorta for 30 minutes via laparotomy in the clamp group. In the balloon group, occlusion was applied for 30 minutes by inflating the catheter balloon, which was inserted through the iliac artery and advanced into the abdominal aorta. The appropriate aortic segments were subsequently extracted in both groups and tissue samples were examined by light and electron microscopy. Finally, the samples were scored for grade of tissue damage. RESULTS In both experimental groups, tissue damage was apparent. In the investigations carried out under light microscopy, it was observed that the damage caused by balloon occlusion was remarkably less than the damage caused by the cross-clamp technique. In the balloon group, eight tissue samples (66.7%) had grade 1 damage. On the other hand, five tissue samples had grade 3 damage, all of which were in the clamp group. Investigation by electron microscopy revealed that greater intimal, medial, and adventitial damage occurred in the vascular walls of the clamp group samples, and this also corresponded with an increase in immune response and intraluminal thrombosis. CONCLUSION External clamp and internal balloon occlusion techniques applied to the aorta were compared, and widespread intimal and medial damage were observed in both techniques. However, endoluminal occlusion of the aorta should be the technique of choice in properly selected cases, since it results in lower damage grades, and it should also be used if application of an external clamp is technically difficult.
Tick-Borne Encephalitis with Hemorrhagic Syndrome, Novosibirsk Region, Russia, 1999

Eight fatal cases of tick-borne encephalitis with unusual hemorrhagic syndrome were identified in 1999 in the Novosibirsk Region, Russia. To study these strains, we sequenced cDNA fragments of protein E gene from six archival formalin-fixed brain samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed tick-borne encephalitis variants clustered with a Far Eastern subtype (homology 94.7%) but not with the Siberian subtype (82%).
Forskolin modifies retinal vascular development in Mrp4-knockout mice.

PURPOSE Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) effluxes a wide variety of endogenous compounds, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and is exclusively expressed in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) of the retina. This study aimed to investigate the role of MRP4 in retinal vascular development. METHODS The retinal vascular phenotype of Mrp4(-/-) mice was examined by whole-mount immunohistochemistry at P3, P6, and P14. The retinas from P6 pups that received an intraperitoneal injection of either solvent control or forskolin, an inducer of intracellular cAMP formation, at P4 and P5 were analyzed in terms of their vascular formation (vascular length, vascular branching, vascular density, and the number of tip cells), cell proliferation and apoptosis, and vessel stability. RESULTS The Mrp4(-/-) mice exhibited no overt abnormalities in the development of the retinal vasculature, but retinal vascular development in the Mrp4(-/-) mice was suppressed in response to forskolin administration. There was a significant decrease in the vascular length, vascular branching, and vascular density, and inhibited tip cell formation at the vascular front. The forskolin-treated Mrp4(-/-) mice showed an increased number of Ki67-positive and cleaved caspase 3-positive ECs, a significant decrease in the amount of pericyte coverage, and a reduced number of empty sleeves. In pups exposed to hyperoxia (75% oxygen) from P7 to P12, the Mrp4(-/-) mice showed a significant increase in the unvascularized retinal area. CONCLUSIONS Mrp4(-/-) mice exhibited suppressed retinal vascular development in response to forskolin treatment. Thus, Mrp4 might have protective roles in retinal vascular development by regulating the intracellular cAMP level.
Semen Characteristics of Three Strains of Local Cocks in the Humid Tropical Environment of Nigeria

The study was conducted to determine the semen characteristics of three genotypes of Nigerian indigenous cocks. Thirty Six (36) local breeding cocks comprising of 12 frizzle, 12 normal and 12 naked neck selected randomly from the poultry breeding unit of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching and Research farm was used for this study. Semen were collected from them by abdominal massage and analyzed for semen characteristics. Semen concentration were significantly higher in naked- neck 4.86×10 9 ±0.03/mL (p 0.05) of strains on semen pH, abnormal sperm and non-motile sperm. Morphological defects of the head, middle and tail was not significantly affected (p>0.05) by the genotypes. Variations on semen characteristics abound in the three Nigerian indigenous cocks sampled.