Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Over‐expression of cyclin a is highly associated with early relapse and reduced survival in patients with primary breast carcinomas

Progression through the mammalian cell cycle is facilitated by cyclin–cyclin‐dependent kinase (cdk) complexes, which are activated at specific points during the cell cycle. Alteration in cyclin–cdk complexess may lead to altered cell cycle and tumorigenesis. In this study, we analyzed expression of cyclins A, D1, D3 and E in tumor tissue from 170 patients with primary invasive breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect protein expression of these cyclins. We detected positive immunoreactivity in 55 (32%), 22 (13%), 38 (22%) and 37 (21.8%) of the samples for cyclins A, D1, D3 and E, respectively. A highly statistically significant association was observed between expression of cyclin A and early relapse (p = 0.001 univariate analysis, p = 0.006 multivariate analysis) as well as cancer‐specific death (p < 0.0001) during the follow‐up time. No association was observed between cyclin D1 or cyclin E, respectively, and relapse of disease or survival, while cyclin D3 over‐expression was associated with development of metastases during follow‐up (p = 0.005 univariate analysis, p = 0.01 multivariate analysis). However, cyclin D3 did not show any statistically significant association when cancer‐specific death was examined in a multivariate analysis (Cox regression for survival function). © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Transmissive Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown at Low Substrate Temperature

Despite the “darker than black” association attributed to carbon nanotube forests, here is shown that it is also possible to grow these structures, over heat‐sensitive substrates, featuring highly transmissive characteristics from the UV to infrared wavelengths, for forest heights as high as 20 μm. The optical transmission is interpreted in terms of light propagation along channels that are self‐generated by localized bundling of tubes, acting as waveguides. A good correlation is shown between the distribution of diameter sizes of these sub‐wavelength voids and the transmission spectrum of the forests. For the shorter visible and near‐UV wavelengths, this model shows that light propagates by channeling along individual vertical voids in the forests, which elucidates the origin for the widely‐reported near‐zero reflectance values observed in forests. For the longer infrared wavelengths, the mode spreads over many nanotubes and voids, and propagates along a “homogeneous effective medium”. The strong absorption of the forest at the shorter wavelengths is correlated in terms of the stronger attenuation inside a waveguide cavity, according to the λ−1/2 attenuation dependency of standard waveguide theory. The realization of this material can lead to novel avenues in new optoelectronic device design, where the carbon nanotube forests can be used as highly conducting “scaffolds” for optically active materials, whilst also allowing light to penetrate to significant depths into the structure, in excess of 20 μm, enabling optical functionality.
On Computing Products of Pairings

In many pairing-based protocols often the evaluation of the product of many pairing evaluations is required. In this paper we consider methods to compute such products eﬃciently. Focusing on pairing-friendly ﬁelds in particular, we evaluate methods for the Weil, Tate and Ate pairing algorithms for ordinary elliptic curves at various security levels. Our operation counts indicate that the minimal cost of each additional pairing relative to the cost of one is ≈ 0 . 61, 0 . 45, and 0 . 43, for each of these pairings respectively at the 128-bit security level. For larger security levels the Ate pairing can have a relative additional cost of as low as 0 . 13 for each additional pairing. These estimates allow implementors to make optimal algorithm choices for given scenarios, in which the number of pairings in the product, the security level, and the embedding degree are factors under consideration.
Cognitive status, language attainment, and prereading skills of 6‐year‐old very preterm children and their peers: the Bavarian Longitudinal Study

The prevalence of intellectual‐, language‐, and prereading‐skill deficits was investigated in a geographically defined whole‐population sample of very preterm children at 6 years of age in southern Germany. The sample consisted of the following: 264 very preterm children (75.6% of German‐speaking survivors); 264 term controls (matched for sex, socioeconomic status [SES], marital status and age of mother); and a representative normative sample for Bavaria (N=311). Compared with term peers, very preterm children scored significantly lower (approximately –1 SD) on the measures of cognitive and language skills and had major cognitive deficits (<−2 SD) 10 to 35 times more often than the controls. Deficits in speech articulation and prereading skills (<10th centile) were three to five times more frequent in very preterm children. More than 18% of very preterm children had cognitive deficits in more than five areas of functioning, compared with no control children. The differences between very preterm children and controls remained highly significant when only very preterm children (N= 229) and controls (N= 261) without major neurosensory impairment were considered. Little evidence for specific cognitive deficits was found once mental processing measured in the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K‐ABC) was controlled for. The effect of preterm birth on cognitive abilities was found to be larger than the influence of SES. In conclusion, there was a high prevalence of long‐term multiple cognitive problems in very preterm children. These persistent cognitive problems appear to be of pre‐ or neonatal (treatment) rather than postnatal social origin.
The Escalation of Great Power Militarized Disputes: Testing Rational Deterrence Theory and Structural Realism

Realism has been the dominant paradigm in the study of international conflict. Within this paradigm, two leading alternative approaches have been deterrence theory and structural realism. We test the relative explanatory power of these two theoretical approaches on the escalation of deterrence encounters among great powers from 1816 to 1984. We derive a set of hypotheses from each model, operationalize them for systematic empirical analysis, and test the hypotheses on 97 cases of great-power deterrence encounters by means of probit analysis. The results are that the hypotheses derived from deterrence theory receive considerable support, whereas none of the hypotheses derived from structural realism are supported.
A Merged Interleaved Flyback PFC Converter with Active Clamp and ZVZCS

Abstract —The design and analysis of a compact flyback AC to DC power supply is described and simulation results are presented. Of particular interest is merging two interleaved power converters such that the main switch in one converter behaves as the clamp switch of the other while ripple cancellation is accomplished. Also, PFC and ZVZCS are achieved with no extra components. Using these approaches, the total number of active and passive components used and consequently the associated power loss, complexity and cost is reduced, which makes the design appealable for low-power high-volume applications. The proposed circuit converts 110VAC to 230VDC at 2.2A load current with an overall simulated efficiency of around 93%. Keywords —Merged, interleaved, flyback, PFC, active clamp, ZVZCS. I. I NTRODUCTION To reduce the weight and size of a power converter, it is desired to use a high switching frequency while it has been reported that low frequency isolated converters have better efficiencies [1]. Lower efficiency at higher frequencies is mainly due to increased switching losses that can be compensated using zero voltage/current switching techniques [2]. In an effort to increase conversion efficiency, [3] proposes an AC to DC converter based on flyback topology that recovers the surge energy generated by parasitic inductances to the output side of the isolation transformer. Additional circuitry is used to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) during turn on, and voltage clamping during turn off, of the main switch. In this paper a merged interleaved flyback power factor corrected (PFC) converter with active clamp and zero-voltage zero-current switching (ZVZCS) is introduced. The single-stage conversion proposed here has high power factor, improved efficiency and simple structure with very low number of parts used, which reduces manufacturing cost. Because of these advantages, this converter is recommended for low-power high-volume applications. Major features of this design are: • 1Reduced the total number of components used by merging two parallel power converters and by utilizing single-stage PFC approach. • Reduced the size of input and output filter components by increasing (constant) switching frequency and by interleaving phases. • Increased power rating by paralleling phases (not paralleling switches). • Increased converter output voltage by putting secondary side of the isolation transformers in series (lowered transformer turns ratio). • Suppressed unwanted voltage surge and oscillations across switches using non-dissipative active clamping without using auxiliary circuitry. • ZVZCS operation without using auxiliary circuitry. • PFC functionality without using extra control and current sensing circuitry. II. C
A role for gp210 in mitotic nuclear-envelope breakdown

The cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of animal cells mix during mitosis on disassembly of the nuclear envelope (NE). NE breakdown (NEBD) involves the dispersion of the nuclear membranes and associated proteins, including nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the nuclear lamina. Among the approximately 30 NPC components known, few contain transmembrane domains. gp210 is a single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein of metazoan NPCs. We show that both RNAi-mediated depletion and mutation of Caenorhabditis elegans gp210 affect NEBD in early embryonic cells, preventing lamin depolymerization and leading to the formation of twinned nuclei after mitosis owing to physical interference with normal chromosome alignment and segregation. When added to in vitro assembled nuclei, antibodies specific for the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of gp210 completely blocked NEBD. This treatment inhibited mitotic hyper-phosphorylation of gp210. Phosphorylation of gp210 is proposed to be mediated by cyclin-B–cdc2 and we show that depletion of cyclin B from C. elegans embryos also leads to a nuclear-twinning phenotype. In summary, we show that gp210 is important for efficient NPC disassembly and NEBD and suggest that phosphorylation of gp210 is an early event in NEBD that is required for lamin disassembly and other aspects of NEBD.
Real-Life Use and Effectiveness of Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Early Breast Cancer Patients: A Study of the Southeast Netherlands Breast Cancer Consortium.

BACKGROUND The impact of drug prescriptions in real life as opposed to strict clinical trial prescription is only rarely assessed, although it is well recognized that incorrect use may harm patients and may have a significant impact on health care resources. We investigated the use and effectiveness of adjuvant trastuzumab in daily practice compared with the effectiveness in clinical trials. METHODS We included all patients with stage I-III invasive breast cancer, irrespective of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, diagnosed in five hospitals in the southeast of The Netherlands in 2005-2007. We aimed to assess the actual use of adjuvant trastuzumab in early HER2-positive breast and its efficacy in daily practice. RESULTS Of 2,684 patients included, 476 (17.7%) had a HER2-positive tumor. Of these, 251 (52.7%) patients had an indication for trastuzumab treatment of which 196 (78.1%) patients actually received it. Of the 225 patients without an indication, 34 (15.1%) received trastuzumab. Five-year disease-free survival was 80.7% for (n = 230) patients treated with versus 68.2% for (n = 246) patients not treated with trastuzumab (p = .0023), and 5-year overall survival rates were 90.7% and 77.4%, respectively (p = .0002). The hazard ratio for disease recurrence was 0.63 (95% confidence interval, 0.37-1.06) for trastuzumab when adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION This study shows that in real life, patients treated with trastuzumab in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer had a 5-year disease-free and overall survival comparable to prior randomized trials. For informative decision making, real-life data are of additional value, providing insight on outcome of patients considered ineligible for treatment.
The Role of Public Universities: Examining one university's response to xenophobia

On 19 May 2008, South Africans woke up to the horrifying image of a man engulfed in fire. This man, Ernesto Nhamuave, originally from Mozambique, was one of the 65 or more foreign nationals who would die in the following days in the xenophobic violence that swept Gauteng. By the end of the week, the violence had spread like wildfire throughout the country. This unprecedented violation of the rights of ‘others’ in South Africa bordered on human catastrophe and caught the government, public institutions and individuals by surprise – people did not know how to respond. This article examines how the University of Cape Town (UCT) reacted to the crisis, and shows that it did so in a manner that suggested that UCT was grappling with appropriate ways of translating its commitment to being an engaged university into concrete action. UCT’s immediate response to the xenophobia crisis took the form of humanitarian aid designed to mitigate the suffering of thousands of people displaced by the violence. This article specifically focuses on the interventions of SHAWCO, a community development organisation run by students of UCT; the Refugee Rights Project; and the Department of Social Development. These initiatives were nominated by the faculties and student society representatives on the Social Responsiveness Working Group for inclusion in the 2008 Social Responsiveness Report at UCT. Representatives from these units were also represented on the Vice-Chancellor’s Crisis Response Committee.
Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Cardiovascular Development of Chick Embryo

The biological effects on cardiovascular development of chicken embryos were examined after radiation exposure using mobile phone (900 MHz; specific absorption rate˜1.07 W/kg) intermittently 3 h per day during incubation. Samples were selected by morphological and histological methods. The results showed the rate of embryonic mortality and cardiac deformity increased significantly in exposed group (P < 0.05). No any histological pathological changes were observed on Day 5–7 (D5–D7) of incubation. A higher distribution of lipid droplets was unexpectedly present in myocardial tissue from the exposure groups on D10–D13. Soon afterwards, myofilament disruption, atrioventricular valve focal necrosis, mitochondria vacuolization and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decrease appeared on D15‐D21 of incubation. Comet assay data showed the haemocyte mean tail in the exposed group was significantly larger than that of the control (P < 0.01). The arterial vascular wall of exposed group was thicker (P < 0.05) than that of the control on D13, which was reversed to normal in later stages. Our findings suggest that long‐term exposure of MPR may induce myocardium pathological changes, DNA damage and increased mortality; however, there was little effect on vascular development.
Interactive stereoscopic display for three or more users

An ideal stereoscopic display system for multiple users is proposed. It allows three or more people to simultaneously observe individual stereoscopic image pairs from their own viewpoints. The system tracks the head positions of all of the users and generates distortion-free images for each eye of each user. The system consists of a normal display and a display mask, which has a hole in its center. The display mask is placed over the display surface at a suitable distance from it. By controlling the position of the image drawing area for each user according to the corresponding user's viewpoint, each user can observe the stereoscopic image pairs shown in an individual area of the display system with shutter glasses. On the other hand, no user is able to see the image drawing areas of the other users because these areas are adequately occluded by the display mask. Accordingly, the display system can simultaneously provide intelligible 3D stereoscopic images for three or more moving observers without flicker or distortion.
Subatmospheric pressure in the rabbit pleural lymphatic network

1 Hydraulic pressure in intercostal and diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels was measured through the micropuncture technique in 23 anaesthetised paralysed rabbits. Pleural lymphatic vessels with diameters ranging from 55 to 950 μm were observed under stereomicroscope view about 3–4 h after intrapleural injection of 20 % fluorescent dextrans. 2 Lymphatic pressure oscillated from a minimum (Pmin) to a maximum (Pmax) value, reflecting oscillations in phase with cardiac activity (cardiogenic oscillations) and lymphatic myogenic activity. With intact pleural space, Pmin in submesothelial diaphragmatic lymphatic vessels of the lateral apposition zone was −9.1 ± 4.2 mmHg, more subatmospheric than the simultaneously recorded pleural liquid pressure amounting to −3.9 ± 1.2 mmHg. In extrapleural intercostal lymphatic vessels Pmin averaged −1.3 ± 2.7 mmHg. 3 Cardiogenic pressure oscillations (Pmax−Pmin), were observed in all recordings; their mean amplitude was about 5 mmHg and was not dependent upon frequency of cardiac contraction, nor lymphatic vessel diameter, nor the Pmin value. 4 Intrinsic contractions of lymphatic vessel walls caused spontaneous pressure waves of about 7 mmHg in amplitude at a rate of 8 cycles min−1. 5 These results demonstrated the ability of pleural lymphatic vessels to generate pressure oscillations driving fluid from the subatmospheric pleural space into the lymphatic network.
High-speed Visual Servoing of PKMs

In this paper a visual servoing architecture based on a parallel robot for the tracking of faster moving objects with unknown trajectories is proposed. The control strategy is based on the prediction of the future position and velocity of the moving object. The synthesis of the predictive control law is based on the compensation of the delay introduced by the vision system. Demonstrating by experiments, the high-speed parallel robot system has good performance in the implementation of visual control strategies with high temporary requirements.
Providing Help for Novices Using Expert Knowledge

In this paper we will guide you through some technologies that are useful in providing help for novices. It will introduce many technologies that are useful and some that are still in development and might be useful in the future. This paper is all about technology, it does not give information about how experts and novices should work together in a team. The technology we present can be separated into three approaches Support, Recommendation and Simplification. Support deals with problems the user encounters while the application is running. He is able to access a help system, which gives an appropriate answer to his problem. Additionally the application considers the users behavior and gives him tips, how to enhance his abilities, which is known as Recommendation. Besides the application based help, the user can learn from experts, how to use an application. This paper introduces some techniques of the presented approaches and states the problems in currently used realizations. Simplification is the last approach, which simplifies the process of learning programming. The novice learns basic structures from which he can advance to more complex programming languages.
Influence of Root Exudates on the Bacterial Degradation of Chlorobenzoic Acids

Degradation of chlorobenzoic acids (e.g., products of microbial degradation of PCB) by strains of microorganisms isolated from PCB contaminated soils was assessed. From seven bulk-soil isolates two strains unique in ability to degrade a wider range of chlorobenzoic acids than others were selected, individually and even in a complex mixture of 11 different chlorobenzoic acids. Such a feature is lacking in most tested degraders. To investigate the influence of vegetation on chlorobenzoic acids degraders, root exudates of two plant species known for supporting PCB degradation in soil were tested. While with individual chlorobenzoic acids the presence of plant exudates leads to a decrease of degradation yield, in case of a mixture of chlorobenzoic acids either a change in bacterial degradation specificity, associated with 3- and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, or an extension of the spectrum of degraded chlorobenzoic acids was observed.
Paparazzi and picture chasers share similar philosophies and reputations, not tactics

Critics call the paparazzi a new breed of intrusive photographers who abuse celebrities, then sell the resulting images. Yet, a hundred years ago, newspapers' picture chasers in the United States were criticised for similar reasons. Why? Pictures attracted readers and were especially important in an era when the newspaper industry was fiercely competitive in the United States, much like today's magazine and television industries. In addition, journalists were determined to inform the public, and pictures helped them accomplish that goal. The controversy in both eras is complicated by questions that appear unanswerable. First, at what point does a person's right to privacy outweigh the public's right to know? Second, at what point do journalists become too aggressive (and does the answer to that question vary from story to story)? Third, can anyone set clear-cut rules about the types of pictures that journalists should – or should not – publish? Historically, journalists have decided whether to publish pictures on a case-by-case basis, weighing pictures' news value against other considerations, and that tradition seems unlikely to change. However, so long as that tradition does not change, the controversy seems certain to continue.
LCNN: Low-level Feature Embedded CNN for Salient Object Detection

In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network framework embedded with low-level features (LCNN) for salient object detection in complex images. We utilise the advantage of convolutional neural networks to automatically learn the high-level features that capture the structured information and semantic context in the image. In order to better adapt a CNN model into the saliency task, we redesign the network architecture based on the small-scale datasets. Several low-level features are extracted, which can effectively capture contrast and spatial information in the salient regions, and incorporated to compensate with the learned high-level features at the output of the last fully connected layer. The concatenated feature vector is further fed into a hinge-loss SVM detector in a joint discriminative learning manner and the final saliency score of each region within the bounding box is obtained by the linear combination of the detector's weights. Experiments on three challenging benchmark (MSRA-5000, PASCAL-S, ECCSD) demonstrate our algorithm to be effective and superior than most low-level oriented state-of-the-arts in terms of P-R curves, F-measure and mean absolute errors.