Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intracluster Short Gamma-Ray Bursts by Compact Binary Mergers

One of the possible origins of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) is merging of compact binaries, and the effect of large kick velocity is a signature that can be used as an observational test for this hypothesis. Intracluster SGRBs that escaped from a host galaxy in a galaxy cluster are interesting in this context, since they would escape more easily by cluster tidal force, and would have brighter afterglow luminosity by dense intracluster gas, than those in general field galaxies. Here we calculate the escape fraction of compact binaries from their host galaxies in a galaxy cluster, and discuss some observational implications. We find that the escape fraction strongly depends on the nature of dark matter subhalos associated with member galaxies. If the amount of dark matter around member galaxies is not large and the gravitational potential for an escaping binary is determined mostly by stellar mass, most of SGRBs should escape and be observed as hostless, which is a much higher fraction than those in the field. Hence, statistics of intracluster SGRBs could give important information about the dark matter distribution in galaxy clusters, as well as hints for the origin of SGRBs.
Multiple Breast Cancer Cell-Lines Derived from a Single Tumor Differ in Their Molecular Characteristics and Tumorigenic Potential

Background Breast cancer cell lines are widely used tools to investigate breast cancer biology and to develop new therapies. Breast cancer tissue contains molecularly heterogeneous cell populations. Thus, it is important to understand which cell lines best represent the primary tumor and have similarly diverse phenotype. Here, we describe the development of five breast cancer cell lines from a single patient’s breast cancer tissue. We characterize the molecular profiles, tumorigenicity and metastatic ability in vivo of all five cell lines and compare their responsiveness to 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) treatment. Methods Five breast cancer cell lines were derived from a single patient’s primary breast cancer tissue. Expression of different antigens including HER2, estrogen receptor (ER), CK8/18, CD44 and CD24 was determined by flow cytometry, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, a Fuorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) assay for HER2 gene amplification and p53 genotyping was performed on all cell lines. A xenograft model in nude mice was utilized to assess the tumorigenic and metastatic abilities of the breast cancer cells. Results We have isolated, cloned and established five new breast cancer cell lines with different tumorigenicity and metastatic abilities from a single primary breast cancer. Although all the cell lines expressed low levels of ER, their growth was estrogen-independent and all had high-levels of expression of mutated non-functional p53. The HER2 gene was rearranged in all cell lines. Low doses of 4-OHT induced proliferation of these breast cancer cell lines. Conclusions All five breast cancer cell lines have different antigenic expression profiles, tumorigenicity and organ specific metastatic abilities although they derive from a single tumor. None of the studied markers correlated with tumorigenic potential. These new cell lines could serve as a model for detailed genomic and proteomic analyses to identify mechanisms of organ-specific metastasis of breast cancer.
Natureza, apropriação e resistência: contradições na dinâmica de ocupação territorial da zona litorânea de Mata de São João – Bahia – Salvador

Este estudo, que versa sobre a dinâmica de ocupacao territorial da zona costeira de Mata de Sao Joao e seus rebatimentos sobre o ambiente natural, na interface de fenomenos historicos, agenciamentos contemporâneos e heterogeneidades culturais, analisa a apropriacao da natureza, configurada atraves da incorporacao material e subjetiva por diversos grupos sociais, a partir de relacoes de poderes hegemonicos ou de focos de resistencia, que se efetivaram em diferentes escalas. Atraves de uma multiplicidade de condicionantes, compreende-se que as alteracoes ambientais decorrentes de economias globais associadas a mercados de acumulacao de capital, alicercados nas politicas publicas protecionistas, possibilitaram ao mercado turistico e imobiliario a implantacao de projetos desvinculados das questoes socioambientais, engendrando novos valores que passaram a organizar a vida naquele territorio.
Acquisition of quantifier raising of a universal across an existential: Evidence from German

Our paper reports an act out task with German 5- and 6-year olds and adults involving doubly-quantified sentences with a universal object and an existential subject. We found that 5- and 6-year olds allow inverse scope in such sentences, while adults do not. Our findings contribute to a growing body of research (e.g. Gualmini et al. 2008; Musolino 2009, etc.) showing that children are more flexible in their scopal considerations than initially proposed by the Isomorphism proposal (Lidz & Musolino 2002; Musolino & Lidz 2006). This result provides support for a theory of German, a “no quantifier raising”-language, in terms of soft violable constraints, or global economy terms (Bobaljik & Wurmbrand 2012), rather than in terms of hard inviolable constraints or rules (Frey 1993). Finally, the results are compatible with Reinhart’s (2004) hypothesis that children do not perform global interface economy considerations due to the increased processing associated with it. This article is part of the special collection: Acquisition of Quantification [Publisher's Note: Soon after publication the authors became aware of a relevant publication and requested the following: Note that Goro (2007) found similar results for Japanese children and proposes a language-specific account. Goro, Takuya 2007. Language-specific constraints on scope interpretation in first language acquisition. College Park: University of Maryland dissertation. http://ling.umd. edu/assets/publications/goro.pdf ]
Heroic Role and Attractiveness as the Cause of Creating Slash or Yaoi Fan Art

Many fans reproduce the work based on the original media in the format of fan art, fan fictions, and other creation. Fan art includes villains (evil characters) and often contains violent contents. The current study primarily aims to examine the reasons that fans draw villains in their fan art. Partial correlation was used to explore if attractiveness or heroic role of fictional characters in media had more influence on the number of fan art published in Deviantart.com. The findings reveal no statistically significant relationship among these variables. However, the effect size may indicate that heroic role has a stronger relationship to the number of fan art than does the attractiveness. This could reduce fan scholars’ anxiety regarding the attractiveness of villains. บทบาทวรบรษ และความนาดงดดอนเปนเหตของการสรางสรรคงานศลปแนวยาโอยโดยกลมแฟนๆ แฟนจำนวนมากไดสรางสรรคชนงานเกยวกบสอทตนชอบ เชน งานศลปะ นยาย และสออนๆ บอยครงทงานศลปะของแฟนเหลานมความรนแรงประกอบอย ซงอาจมาจากการมตวรายในภาพวาด การวเคราะหสมประสทธสหสมพนธแบบแยกสวนไดถกใชในการเทยบตวแปรทแฟนๆ มกวาดภาพ ระหวางความหนาตาดนาดงดด กบบทบาทของตวละครทเปนคนดหรอทเรยกวามบทบาทเปนวรบรษ ผลการวเคราะหไมพบนยสำคญทางสถต หากแตพบวา แฟนๆ มกสรางสรรคงานศลปเพราะตวละครเปนคนด มากกวาเหตผลทวาตวละครหนาตาด ซงอาจลดความกงวลแกนกวจยดานแฟน เกยวกบตวรายทหนาตาดนาดงดด
On the use of memory for detecting musical notes in polyphonic piano music

Music transcription consists in transforming the musical content of audio data into a symbolic representation. The objective of this study is to investigate a transcription system for polyphonic piano. The proposed method focuses on temporal musical structures, note events and their main characteristics: the attack instant and the pitch. Onset detection exploits a time-frequency representation of the audio signal. Note classification is based on constant Q transform (CQT) and support vector machines (SVMs). Finally, to validate our method, we present a collection of experiments using a wide number of musical pieces of heterogeneous style.
An Overview of Brain Computer Interfaces

This paper presents an overview of the research and development of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs), focused mainly on the software component. A classification of BCIs is proposed, providing a general sense of the various ways one can approach such systems. The different types of BCI systems are the main focus of the paper, and related research and development efforts are explored. The proposed classification is based on several major characteristics of BCIs: independent versus dependent, invasive versus noninvasive, and exogenous versus endogenous. Issues and limitations currently faced by BCI researchers and developers as well as several existing BCI applications are also surveyed. In addition, directions of future work pertaining to BCIs are briefly discussed.
BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION AND SOUND SOURCE LOCALIZATION ON TIME-FREQUENCY DOMAIN CONSIDERING TIME LAG INFORMATION

The blind source separation and specification of location on time-frequency domain considering time lag information are conducted. The formulation based on the independency of time-frequency domain is presented. First of all, the number of source signals is specified. Next, the locations of source signals are specified. Then, the source signals are obtained. The numerical test is conducted to confirm our method, and then the locations of source signals and source signals are obtained by high accuracy.
Place Pulse : measuring the collaborative image of the city

This thesis presents Place Pulse, a tool capable of conducting large crowdsourced visual preference surveys. The data collected with Place Pulse was used to create quantitative measures of the perceptions people hold of urban environments. From this data, novel algorithms identified locations associated with positive and negative perceptions of safety, social class and uniqueness. The high throughput of the tool addressed two important methodological questions: the number of responses required to obtain robust results in a comparative study, and the number of images required to get a statistically significant evaluative map of a large city. In closing, the validated dataset was used to correlate perceptions of safety and social class to rates of both violent crime and high school graduation. Thesis Advisor: Dr. Cesar A. Hidalgo Assistant Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Program in Media Arts and Sciences PLACE PULSE MEASURING THE COLLABORATIVE IMAGE OF THE CITY
Ozone and organic nitrates over the eastern United States: Sensitivity to isoprene chemistry

We implement a new isoprene oxidation mechanism in a global 3‐D chemical transport model (GEOS‐Chem). Model results are evaluated with observations for ozone, isoprene oxidation products, and related species from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation aircraft campaign over the eastern United States in summer 2004. The model achieves an unbiased simulation of ozone in the boundary layer and the free troposphere, reflecting canceling effects from recent model updates for isoprene chemistry, bromine chemistry, and HO2 loss to aerosols. Simulation of the ozone‐CO correlation is improved relative to previous versions of the model, and this is attributed to a lower and reversible yield of isoprene nitrates, increasing the ozone production efficiency per unit of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2). The model successfully reproduces the observed concentrations of organic nitrates (∑ANs) and their correlations with HCHO and ozone. ∑ANs in the model is principally composed of secondary isoprene nitrates, including a major contribution from nighttime isoprene oxidation. The correlations of ∑ANs with HCHO and ozone then provide sensitive tests of isoprene chemistry and argue in particular against a fast isomerization channel for isoprene peroxy radicals. ∑ANs can provide an important reservoir for exporting NOx from the U.S. boundary layer. We find that the dependence of surface ozone on isoprene emission is positive throughout the U.S., even if NOx emissions are reduced by a factor of 4. Previous models showed negative dependences that we attribute to erroneous titration of OH by isoprene.
Analysis of the Effect of Different Features' Performance on Hidden Markov Modeling Based Online and Offline Signature Verification Systems

This paper presents a study on the performance of different features in distinguishing between genuine and forged signatures for HMM based online and offline signature verification systems. The online features considered in the study include speed, angle along the trajectory, pen pressure and acceleration. The offline features include pixel density, centre of gravity, distance and angle. All features considered are local in nature. Two analysis techniques are considered - ANOVA based and equal error rate (EER) based. Experimental results show that all online features have a high distinguishing capability while for the offline case, angle and distance are good for distinguishing between genuine and skilled forgeries for an HMM based signature verification system while pixel density and centre of gravity are not.
Learning user habits for semi-autonomous navigation using low throughput interfaces

This paper presents a semi-autonomous navigation strategy aimed at the control of assistive devices (e.g. an intelligent wheelchair) using low throughput interfaces. A mobile robot proposes the most probable action, as analyzed from the environment, to a human user who can either accept or reject the proposition. In case of rejection, the robot will propose another action, until both entities agree on what needs to be done. In a known environment, the system infers the intended goal destination based on the first executed actions. Furthermore, we endowed the system with learning capabilities, so as to learn the user habits depending on contextual information (e.g. time of the day or if a phone rings). This additional knowledge allows the robot to anticipate the user intention and propose appropriate actions, or goal destinations.
On the scattering by a biperiodic structure

Consider scattering of electromagnetic waves by a nonmagnetic biperiodic structure. The structure separates the whole space into three regions: above and below the structure the medium is assumed to be homogeneous. Inside the structure, the medium is assumed to be de ned by a bounded measurable dielectric coe cient. Given the structure and a timeharmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident on the structure, the scattering (di raction) problem is to predict the eld distributions away from the structure. In this note, the problem is reduced to a bounded domain and solved by a variational method. The main result establishes existence and uniqueness of the weak solutions in W .
The British Mandate and the crisis of Palestinian landlessness, 1929–1936

ABSTRACT This article examines landlessness among Palestinians as a facet of colonial policy in Mandate Palestine before the 1936 revolt. The growth of what was sometimes called a ‘landless class’ came into official view after the violence of 1929. Subsequent investigations indicated that landlessness was a significant problem and that it threatened to destabilize the Mandate. The effort to ameliorate the crisis of landlessness, however, clashed with the dominant colonial conception of settler developmentalism, the notion that Jews, not Arabs, were the agents of modern economic development in Palestine. The first part of this examination revisits the contest over the 1930 White Paper, focusing on its relationship to the advent of mass landlessness. The rapid defeat of the new policy via the MacDonald letter left the landlessness problem to fester while simultaneously obscuring it. As the situation in the Arab countryside continued to deteriorate, the onset of the fifth aliya temporarily reinforced erroneous assumptions about the potential to rectify the problem through the yishuv's development. By the time mass landlessness was ‘rediscovered’ and new land controls designed to protect Arab smallholders were on their way to promulgation in 1935–1936, the Palestinian countryside was just months away from determined revolt.
Do company towns solve free rider problems ? A sensitivity analysis of a rational-choice explanation

Coleman (1979; 1994) has argued that sociological rational choice theory is an appropriate tool to analyze organizations. He emphasizes that the theory combines the analytical power of formal decision analysis with sociology’s attention to informal incentives. Our paper aims to caution against a potential danger in Coleman’s research agenda. Substantively important implications of the theory, namely, propositions about the interplay of formal and informal mechanisms, may be highly sensitive to specifications of the central assumption of goal-directed decision making. To demonstrate this potential sensitivity, we provide a stylized analysis of the effect of company towns on workers’ compliance with production norms, an example discussed by Coleman. Our study starts out with a forward-looking analysis, employing the orthodox rational choice assumption of a “forward-looking” rational actor. For comparison, we then apply a “backward-looking” learning model. It turns out that results are highly sensitive to variation in the underlying decision model. The forwardlooking model suggests that company towns may help workers to solve free rider problems by informal social control. By contrast, the backward-looking model implies that company towns may foster strong bilateral friendships that undermine workers’ willingness to invest in social control. We argue that such sensitivity is of relevance beyond the scope of this particular example. We therefore propose that rational choice analyses of organizations carefully assess model sensitivity to deviations from the assumption of perfect rationality.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Bidirectional associations between coparenting relations and family member anxiety : a review and conceptual model

Research into anxiety has largely ignored the dynamics of family systems in anxiety development. Coparenting refers to the quality of coordination between individuals responsible for the upbringing of children and links different subsystems within the family, such as the child, the marital relationship, and the parents. This review discusses the potential mechanisms and empirical findings regarding the bidirectional relations of parent and child anxiety with coparenting. The majority of studies point to bidirectional associations between greater coparenting difficulties and higher levels of anxiety. For example, the few available studies suggest that paternal and perhaps maternal anxiety is linked to lower coparental support. Also, research supports the existence of inverse links between coparenting quality and child anxiety. A child’s reactive temperament appears to have adverse effects on particularly coparenting of fathers. A conceptual model is proposed that integrates the role of parental and child anxiety, parenting, and coparenting, to guide future research and the development of clinical interventions. Future research should distinguish between fathers’ and mothers’ coparenting behaviors, include parental anxiety, and investigate the coparental relationship longitudinally. Clinicians should be aware of the reciprocal relations between child anxiety and coparenting quality, and families presenting for treatment who report child (or parent) anxiety should be assessed for difficulties in coparenting. Clinical approaches to bolster coparenting quality are called for.
NAC Transcription Factors, NST1 and NST3, Are Key Regulators of the Formation of Secondary Walls in Woody Tissues of Arabidopsis[W][OA]

Wood is formed by the successive addition of secondary xylem, which consists of cells with a conspicuously thickened secondary wall composed mainly of lignin and cellulose. Several genes involved in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis have been characterized, but the factors that regulate the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues remain to be identified. In this study, we show that plant-specific transcription factors, designated NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR1 (NST1) and NST3, are key regulators of the formation of secondary walls in woody tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. In nst1-1 nst3-1 double knockout plants, the secondary wall thickenings in interfascicular fibers and secondary xylem, except for vascular vessels, were completely suppressed without affecting formation of cells destined to be woody tissues. Conversely, as shown previously for NST1, overexpression of NST3 induced ectopic secondary wall thickenings in various aboveground tissues. Furthermore, the expression of chimeric repressors derived from NST1 and NST3 suppressed secondary wall thickenings in the presumptive interfascicular fibers. Because putative orthologs of NST1 and NST3 are present in the genome of poplar, our results suggest that they are also key regulators of the formation of secondary walls in woody plants and could be used as a tool for the genetic engineering of wood and its derivatives.
Using transaction isolation levels for ensuring replicated database consistency in mobile computing environments

Replicating databases over several servers is an efficient strategy to improve data availability and to increase transaction throughput rate. However, due to inherent limitations of mobile and other loosely-coupled environments, the replica control protocols responsible for ensuring replicated database consistency should be revisited. This paper proposes a new replica control protocol which guarantees the consistency of replicated databases in a mobile computing environment. The key benefit of the proposed protocol is to ensure consistency by means of the notion of transaction isolation levels without the use of a locking mechanism. Thus, a user may trade the degree of replica consistency for a potential increase in data availability and transaction through-put rate. The proposed protocol uses a read-any/write-any approach and reduces the number of messages exchanged among the replicated servers. Experimental results show the potential efficiency of the proposed approach.
Contextualizing Counterintuitiveness: How Context Affects Comprehension and Memorability of Counterintuitive Concepts

A number of anthropologists have argued that religious concepts are minimally counterintuitive and that this gives them mnemic advantages. This paper addresses the question of why people have the memory architecture that results in such concepts being more memorable than other types of concepts by pointing out the benefits of a memory structure that leads to better recall for minimally counterintuitive concepts and by showing how such benefits emerge in the real-time processing of comprehending narratives such as folk tales. This model suggests that memorability is not an inherent property of a concept; rather it is a property of the concept, the context in which the concept is presented, and the background knowledge that the comprehendor possesses about the concept. The model predicts how memorability of a concept should change if the context containing the concept were changed. The paper also presents the results of experiments carried out to test these predictions.