Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and optimization of a high PSRR CMOS bandgap voltage reference

A structures design methodology to minimize the area and power dissipation in bandgap voltage reference is presented. In this approach, basic equations of the bandgap core besides the area and power estimations and the offset effect are included to extract the optimum bias condition and the size of devices for minimum possible area and power in an acceptable performance. Based on the proposed methodology, a bandgap circuit in a 0.5/spl mu/m CMOS technology is fabricated which realizes a temperature coefficient of 20 ppm//spl deg/C and a standard deviation of 9.4mV without trimming. The entire circuit consumes 160/spl mu/A and the silicon area is 0.085mm/sup 2/. Measurements on 240 samples show a good agreement with simulations.
Sequential Fermentation with Selected Immobilized Non-Saccharomyces Yeast for Reduction of Ethanol Content in Wine

The average ethanol content of wine has increased over the last two decades. This increase was due to consumer preference, and also to climate change that resulted in increased grape maturity at harvest. In the present study, to reduce ethanol content in wine, a microbiological approach was investigated, using immobilized selected strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts namely Starmerella bombicola, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Hanseniaspora osmophila, and Hanseniaspora uvarum to start fermentation, followed by inoculation of free Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The immobilization procedures, determining high reaction rates, led a feasible sequential inoculation management avoiding possible contamination under actual winemaking. Under these conditions, the immobilized cells metabolized almost 50% of the sugar in 3 days, while S. cerevisiae inoculation completed all of fermentation. The S. bombicola and M. pulcherrima initial fermentations showed the best reductions in the final ethanol content (1.6 and 1.4% v/v, respectively). Resulting wines did not have any negative fermentation products with the exception of H. uvarum sequential fermentation that showed significant amount of ethyl acetate. On the other hand, there were increases in desirable compounds such as glycerol and succinic acid for S. bombicola, geraniol for M. pulcherrima and isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol for H. osmophila sequential fermentations. The overall results indicated that a promising ethanol reduction could be obtained using sequential fermentation of immobilized selected non-Saccharomyces strains. In this way, a suitable timing of second inoculation and an enhancement of analytical profile of wine were obtained.
MUSIC : A NEW HYBRID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION TECHNIQUE FOR SOLAR REFLECTIVE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY

Multispectral and hyperspectral imagery usually require atmospheric correction to remove the influence of the environment on the measurements. The images may then be converted in reflectance units. There are generally two different classes of algorithms that attempt to transform at-sensor radiance or raw images into reflectance. One class consists of first principles methods that rely on physical knowledge of how the environment interacts with the surface to produce radiance. These are sometimes referred to as model-based methods or radiative transfer methods. The other class consists of empirical methods which are usually variants of the empirical line methods (ELM) or other in-scene methods. Both classes of algorithms have benefits and drawbacks. The radiative transfer methods such as FLAASH, 6S and ATCOR4 [1,2,3] can achieve high accuracy but require sophisticated computer codes that are computationally time consuming, require accurate characterization of the atmosphere, and generally do not perform well in less than ideal environmental conditions (overcast, dust) or when the sensors characteristics are not accurately known. The Empirical Line Method based algorithms are computationally fast, can be very accurate, and do not rely on well calibrated sensor but since they require a-priori knowledge of in-scene elements, they are not suitable for all applications. The QUAC algorithm [4], that we may call an empirical-statistical approach, eliminates the main drawbacks of the ELM algorithm by not requiring apriori knowledge of in-scene elements. Instead, it relies on an empirical observation that the mean of many scene endmembers (assuming that the scene is diverse enough) is constant and known a priori. In a more recent paper the QUAC authors [5] reported that they had to make some adjustment to the algorithm (excluding some additional types of background) because their assumption about the mean of scene end-members being constant was not always holding. Even with adjustments, algorithms like QUAC that rely very heavily on statistical hypotheses may fail on the inevitable statistical exceptions.
Improving Secure Communication Policy Agreements by Building Coalitions

In collaborative applications, participants agree on certain level of secure communication based on communication policy specifications. Given secure communication policy specifications of various group members at design time, the minimum set of resources for a pair, called resolved policy level agreement (RPLA) is translated into appropriate security service implementations, for the pair-wise communication to take place. We propose a novel idea that the members may extend pair-wise communication quality through other trusted nodes whose communication resources offer more security. We propose a heuristic algorithm which finds the best quality of protection (QoP), a measure of the resistance to an attack, path through coalition of trusted nodes. The results from our experiments indicate a significant improvement in QoP in the range of 13% to 48% over pair-wise communications.
O Java , Java ! Wherefore Art Thou Java ?

The experimental systems community relies on benchmarks to evaluate proposed innovations. Therefore, the choice of benchmarks and the programming language in which they are written is a gating function for innovation in our field. While application developers are increasingly embracing managed languages such as Java and C#, systems researchers have not. This disconnect between researchers and application developers may lead to misdirected research. This problem is partially due to a dearth of appropriate benchmarks and appropriate evaluation methodologies. This paper demonstrates and recommends how to perform meaningful experiments with managed languages and contrasts them with methodologies in use for C or C++. The paper also recommends some approaches for encouraging community benchmark and infrastructure development. To further inform systems research, it may behoove some researchers to follow language implementers who “eat their own dog food”, and build systems in managed languages.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced myocardial lesions in newborn piglets are related to interindividual variability and not to oxygen concentration

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of myocardial histological changes in an experimental animal model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation. METHODS: Normocapnic hypoxia was induced in 40 male Landrace/Large White piglets. Reoxygenation was initiated when the animals developed bradycardia (HR <60 beats/min) or severe hypotension (MAP <15 mmHg). The animals were divided into four groups based on the oxygen (O2) concentration used for reoxygenation; groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received 18%, 21%, 40%, and 100% O2, respectively. The animals were further classified into five groups based on the time required for reoxygenation: A: fast recovery (<15 min); B: medium recovery (15-45 min); C: slow recovery (45-90 min); D: very slow recovery (>90 min), and E: nine deceased piglets. RESULTS: Histology revealed changes in all heart specimens. Interstitial edema, a wavy arrangement, hypereosinophilia and coagulative necrosis of cardiomyocytes were observed frequently. No differences in the incidence of changes were observed among groups 1-4, whereas marked differences regarding the frequency and the degree of changes were found among groups A-E. Coagulative necrosis was correlated with increased recovery time: this condition was detected post-asphyxia in 14%, 57%, and 100% of piglets with fast, medium, and slow or very slow recovery rates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The significant myocardial histological changes observed suggest that this experimental model might be a reliable model for investigating human neonatal cardiac hypoxia-related injury. No correlation was observed between the severity of histological changes and the fiO2 used during reoxygenation. Severe myocardial changes correlated strictly with recovery time, suggesting an unreported individual susceptibility of myocardiocytes to hypoxia, possibly leading to death after the typical time-sequence of events.
A Dlx2- and Pax6-Dependent Transcriptional Code for Periglomerular Neuron Specification in the Adult Olfactory Bulb

Distinct olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons are thought to become specified depending on from which of the different subregions lining the lateral ventricle wall they originate, but the role of region-specific transcription factors (TFs) in the generation of OB interneurons diversity is still poorly understood. Despite the crucial roles of the Dlx family of TFs for patterning and neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon during embryonic development, their role in adult neurogenesis has not yet been addressed. Here we show that in the adult brain, Dlx 1 and Dlx2 are expressed in progenitors of the lateral but not the dorsal subependymal zone (SEZ), thus exhibiting a striking regional specificity. Using retroviral vectors to examine the function of Dlx2 in a cell-autonomous manner, we demonstrate that this TF is necessary for neurogenesis of virtually all OB interneurons arising from the lateral SEZ. Beyond its function in generic neurogenesis, Dlx2 also plays a crucial role in neuronal subtype specification in the OB, promoting specification of adult-born periglomerular neurons (PGNs) toward a dopaminergic fate. Strikingly, Dlx2 requires interaction with Pax6, because Pax6 deletion blocks Dlx2-mediated PGN specification. Thus, Dlx2 wields a dual function by first instructing generic neurogenesis from adult precursors and subsequently specifying PGN subtypes in conjunction with Pax6.
The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Heliconius hecale (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the Tiger Longwing Heliconius hecale has been reconstructed from whole-genome Illumina sequencing data with an average coverage of 1507×. The circular genome is 15,338 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and 1 D-loop or control region. All PCGs initiated with ATN codons, except for the COI and ND1 genes with CGA and TTG as their start codons, respectively. Three PCGs (COI, COII and ND4) have an incomplete stop codon T, the ND3 gene harbors the stop codon TAG, while all the other PCGs terminated with the TAA codon. The nucleotide composition is highly asymmetric (39.5% A, 42.1% T, 7.5% G, and 10.9% C) with an overall GC content of 18.4%.
GtRNAdb 2.0: an expanded database of transfer RNA genes identified in complete and draft genomes

Transfer RNAs represent the largest, most ubiquitous class of non-protein coding RNA genes found in all living organisms. The tRNAscan-SE search tool has become the de facto standard for annotating tRNA genes in genomes, and the Genomic tRNA Database (GtRNAdb) was created as a portal for interactive exploration of these gene predictions. Since its published description in 2009, the GtRNAdb has steadily grown in content, and remains the most commonly cited web-based source of tRNA gene information. In this update, we describe not only a major increase in the number of tRNA predictions (>367000) and genomes analyzed (>4370), but more importantly, the integration of new analytic and functional data to improve the quality and biological context of tRNA gene predictions. New information drawn from other sources includes tRNA modification data, epigenetic data, single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene expression and evolutionary conservation. A richer set of analytic data is also presented, including better tRNA functional prediction, non-canonical features, predicted structural impacts from sequence variants and minimum free energy structural predictions. Views of tRNA genes in genomic context are provided via direct links to the UCSC genome browsers. The database can be searched by sequence or gene features, and is available at http://gtrnadb.ucsc. edu/.
Tourist shoppers' satisfaction with regional shopping mall experiences

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess whether tourist shopper segments are an attractive market for shopping centers. This research aims to explore whether or not tourist shoppers are more satisfied than resident shoppers with their shopping experience and whether tourist shoppers have the intention to spend more than their resident shopper counterparts.Design/methodology/approach – Data for this report come from personal face‐to‐face mall intercepts of shoppers (n=578) in two new generation malls (West Edmonton Mall and Mall of America in Bloomington) and two heritage‐destination (Pier 39 in San Francisco and Forum Shops in Las Vegas) centers.Findings – Analysis concludes that although the shopping center and retail industry place increasing emphasis on leisure shopping and tourism, the results of this study suggest that the tourist shopper market may not be the most valuable customer group. Resident shoppers of tourist‐focused shopping centers are more satisfied than tourist shoppers of those.
BUILDING RAPPORT WITH CHILDREN: EFFECTS OF ADULTS' EXPECTED, ACTUAL, AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIOR

Abstract The quality of the child-clinician relationship is important for clinical outcomes, but the early determinants of such relationship quality are not well understood. We examined adults' behaviors and styles, and children's expectancies and perceptions of those behaviors and styles, as determinants of relationship quality. Children (n = 204) in 4th to 6th grade encountered an adult whose behavior (playing with a toy or reading a newspaper) and interpersonal style (autonomy supportive or controlling) either confirmed or violated their expectancies. Adult behavior and style predicted rapport, as did children's expectancies and perceptions. The latter effects were qualified by interactions. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for clinical practice.
European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism, 1550-1750

Preface to the third edition Preface to the first edition Abbreviations Introduction 1 Exodus from the West 2 Turning-Point (1570-1600) 3 Consolidation (1600-1620) 4 Jewish Culture (1550-1650) 5 The Thirty Years War 6 The High Point (I): The 'Court Jews' (1650-1713) 7 The High Point (II): Jewish Society (1650-1713) 8 The High Point (III): 'A Republic Apart' 9 The High Point (IV): Spiritual Crisis (1650-1713) 10 Decline and Renewal (1713-1750) 11 Conclusion Bibliography Primary printed sources Secondary works Index
Position Paper: Collaborative Gamification Design for Scientific Software

Gamification, a design trend that is extensively applied to education and citizen science, is regarded as a means to improve scientific software usability. However, development and use of scientific software have special needs and characteristics that might present design challenges. Our position is that gamifi-cation and usability design for scientific software should be facilitated by an open, collaborative design process supported by conversational media. We believe this approach is compatible with qualities often attributed to computational science community re-garding openness and collaboration between members of varied professional backgrounds. Through an illustrative scenario, we ex-emplify the use of conversational media for collaborative design. We expect the synergy between collaborators to result in better us-ability, greater user acceptance, and adequacy to requirements, obtaining optimal design solutions in a sustainable way.
De nouveaux guides pour l’alphabetisation scientifique

It is now a decade since the first major curricula began to appear that were serious responses to the challenge that school science, particularly in the compulsory years, should be concerned primarily with general scientific literacy, that is, with a learning of science that would empower all students for life in societies increasingly influenced by science and technology. In almost all cases, these curricula have expectations for science teaching and learning that are quite unrealistically extensive. They are already proving difficult for teachers and unattractive to students. Furthermore, this elaboration of the content for school science has led to a questioning of the notion of scientific literacy itself. Scientists and science educators have been primarily responsible for suggesting the expanded curriculum content. In this paper it is argued that this is a consequence of seeing society through scientifically attuned eyes. It is time, therefore, to consider life in society itself as the starting point for determining the scientific knowledge that should be given priority in the school science curriculum. A current example of this type of analysis of life in society in three Chinese cities is given. ©2002 La Revue canadienne de l’enseignement des sciences, des mathématiques et des technologies
Harvest selection on Atlantic cod behavioral traits: implications for spatial management

Harvesting wild populations may contrast or reinforce natural agents of selection and potentially cause evolutionary changes in life-history traits such as growth and maturation. Harvest selection may also act on behavioral traits, although this field of research has so far received less attention. We used acoustic tags and a network of receivers to monitor the behavior and fate of individual Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua, N = 60) in their natural habitat on the Norwegian Skagerrak coast. Fish with a strong diel vertical migration, alternating between shallow- and deep-water habitats, had a higher risk of being captured in the fishery (traps, gillnet, hand line) as compared to fish that stayed in deeper water. There was also a significant negative correlation between fish size (30–66 cm) and the magnitude of diel vertical migration. Natural selection on behavior was less clear, but tended to favor fish with a large activity space. On a monthly time scale we found significant repeatabilities for cod behavior, meaning that individual characteristics tended to persist and therefore may be termed personality traits. We argue that an evolutionary approach to fisheries management should consider fish behavior. This would be of particular relevance for spatial management actions such as marine reserve design.
Resolution of the residue class field via algebraic discrete Morse theory

Forman's Discrete Morse theory is studied from an algebraic viewpoint. Analogous to independent work of Emil Skoeldberg we show that this theory can be extended to chain complexes of free modules over a ring. We provide three applications of this theory: We construct new resolutions of the residue class field $k$ over $A$, where $A$ is the quotient of a (i) commutative polynomial ring or (ii) non-commutaitve polynomial ring by a (twosided) ideal and (iii) we construct a new resolution of $A$ as an $A \otimes A^{op}$-module in the situation (ii). In either case we prove minimality of the resolution for certain classes of algebras $A$.
ESTIMATING THE VOLATILITY OF SPOT PRICES IN RESTRUCTURED ELECTRICITY MARKETS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR OPTION VALUES

The contingent claims valuation of physical assets and financial derivatives depends critically on the specification and estimation of the stochastic process that describes the price path. Accurate valuation of claims based on competitive electricity prices has proved problematic, as electricity price data are not well represented by traditional commodity price models of Brownian motion. Observed on-peak (high demand period) electricity spot prices are highly volatile and strongly mean reverting, infrequently punctuated by large upward jumps which quickly drop toward the mean price level. Existing commodity price characterizations do not capture this dynamic, though they are often used as there is no established alternative. Based on these stylized facts, continuous time models for real options and financial derivatives where the underlying state variable is the spot price of electricity have been proposed (Ethier 1997, 1999, Barz and Johnson 1998, Deng 1998). To date, these models have not been fit to market data, nor has econometric testing been undertaken.
Systolic heart function remains depressed for at least 30 days after on-pump cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVES The myocardial recovery time following on-pump cardiac surgery remains uncertain. Global peak longitudinal strain is a sensitive measure of endocardial function which is most susceptible to ischaemia. We aimed to evaluate changes in global peak longitudinal strain up to 6 months after surgery and to compare initial changes with alterations in troponin T. Secondarily, we aimed to describe perioperative changes in strain of the inter-ventricular septum when compared with reference segments. METHODS Patients scheduled for coronary bypass, aortic valve replacement or combination procedures were enrolled. Echocardiography was performed on the day before surgery, the day after surgery, 4 days after surgery, 30 days after surgery and 6 months after surgery. Troponin T was measured 3, 16 and 24 h following procedure. RESULTS Forty patients were enrolled and one was later excluded. Global peak longitudinal strain decreased from -14.5 ± 3.33% preoperatively to -9.98 ± 3.09% and -10.57 ± 3.16% on the first and fourth postoperative day, respectively. Global strain was still reduced on the 30th postoperative day, but had returned to preoperative values 6 months after surgery. Absolute values and relative changes in global strain did not correlate with postoperative peak troponin T measurements. Strain of the inter-ventricular septum was unaffected by surgery as opposed to reference segments, although septal displacement in the longitudinal direction decreased from 12.0 ± 3.75 mm preoperatively to 3.58 ± 4.22 mm 4 days after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Global peak longitudinal strain was reduced for at least 30 days after on-pump cardiac surgery and seems to represent a more sensitive marker of myocardial function than ejection fraction. The decrease in global strain was not reflected in troponin T measurements. The visual, echocardiographic impression of septal dysfunction may be a translational phenomenon, as septal strain was unaffected by surgery.
Cytoscape.js: a graph theory library for visualisation and analysis

Summary: Cytoscape.js is an open-source JavaScript-based graph library. Its most common use case is as a visualization software component, so it can be used to render interactive graphs in a web browser. It also can be used in a headless manner, useful for graph operations on a server, such as Node.js. Availability and implementation: Cytoscape.js is implemented in JavaScript. Documentation, downloads and source code are available at http://js.cytoscape. org. Contact: gary.bader@utoronto.ca
Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations

This paper explores the effects of environmental variability and grain on the niche width of organizational populations. It develops a model of the manner in which environmental variations affect the life changes of specialist and generalist organizations. This model predicts that death rates of generalists exceed those of specialists in fine-grained environments, regardless of the level of variability, but that generalists have lower death rates when environmental variation is both coarse grained and large. The model is applied to a sample of restaurant organizations in 18 California cities. Maximum likelihood estimates and tests confirm the major predictions of the model.