Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraint violation detection: a fundamental part of software cybernetics

Monitoring of sensitive events is a key step for controlling the behavior of software. Specifying a sufficient set of constraints prior to software deployment is necessary for detecting the presence of such events during execution. Here we focus on issues related to service level constraints including types of constraints, the runtime structure of constraints and the related entities. An experiment to assess the feasibility of the proposed approach is also reported.
The Malmö Food Study: validity of two dietary assessment methods for measuring nutrient intake.

BACKGROUND Nutritional epidemiology relies largely on dietary assessment methods for the estimation of the "exposure' variables which may be related to disease risk. METHODS This paper describes a methodological study conducted in Malmö, Sweden, to compare nutrient intake--estimated by two alternative dietary assessment methods--with a reference method consisting of 18 days of weighed food records. The two candidate methods were an extensive food frequency questionnaire with portion size to be estimated from a booklet of 120 sets of photos (method A) and a method involving the combination of a shorter questionnaire and a two-week food record (method B). RESULTS In absolute values, both methods overestimated nutrient intake by 20-40%, with method B closer to the reference for most nutrients. Both crude and energy-adjusted correlations between A-reference and B-reference were of the order of 0.50-0.60 for energy, energy-providing nutrients and most vitamins and minerals. Correlations were in the same range for most of the 14 fatty acids considered in the analyses. Protein intake, estimated from the analyses of urinary nitrogen on 6-8 repeated 24-hour urine collections per subject, was almost identical to the reference method values. Correlation between nitrogen-derived values and dietary measurement was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the study indicated that both methods A and B had good ranking validity compared to the reference and that in most cases the combined method (B) performed slightly better than the extensive food frequency method (A).
A Cloaking Algorithm Based on Spatial Networks for Location Privacy

Most of research efforts have elaborated on k-anonymity for location privacy. The general architecture for implementing k-anonymity is that there is one trusted server (referred to as location anonymizer) responsible for cloaking at least k users' locations for protecting location privacy. A location anonymizer will generate cloaked regions in which there are at least k users for query processing. Prior works only explore grid shape cloaked regions. However, grid shape cloaked regions result in a considerable amount of query results, thereby increasing the overhead of filtering unwanted query results. In this paper, we propose a cloaking algorithm in which cloaked regions are generated acording to the features of spatial networks. By exploring the features of spatial networks, the cloaked regions are very efficient for reducing query results and improving cache utilization of mobile devices. Furthermore, an index structure for spatial networks is built and in light of the proposed index structure, we develop a Spatial-Temporal Connective Cloaking algorithm(abbreviated as STCC). A simulator is implemented and extensive experiments are conducted. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm out-performs prior cloaking algorithms in terms of the candidate query results and the cache utilization.
Indwelling urinary catheter use in the postoperative period: analysis of the national surgical infection prevention project data.

OBJECTIVES To describe the frequency and duration of perioperative catheter use and to determine the relationship between catheter use and postoperative outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Two thousand nine hundred sixty-five acute care US hospitals. PATIENTS Medicare inpatients (N = 35 904) undergoing major surgery (coronary artery bypass and other open-chest cardiac operations; vascular surgery; general abdominal colorectal surgery; or hip or knee total joint arthroplasty) in 2001. Main Outcome Measure Postoperative urinary tract infection. RESULTS Eighty-six percent of patients undergoing major operations had perioperative indwelling urinary catheters. Of these, 50% had catheters for longer than 2 days postoperatively. These patients were twice as likely to develop urinary tract infections than patients with catheterization of 2 days or less. In multivariate analyses, a postoperative catheterization longer than 2 days was associated with an increased likelihood of in-hospital urinary tract infection (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.41) and 30-day mortality (parameter estimate, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.37-0.72) as well as a decreased likelihood of discharge to home (parameter estimate, - 0.57; 95% CI, - 0.64 to - 1.51). CONCLUSIONS Indwelling urinary catheters are routinely in place longer than 2 days postoperatively and may result in excess nosocomial infections. The association with adverse outcomes makes postoperative catheter duration a reasonable target of infection control and surgical quality-improvement initiatives.
jAudio: An Feature Extraction Library

jAudio is a new framework for feature extraction designed to eliminate the duplication of effort in calculating features from an audio signal. This system meets the needs of MIR researchers by providing a library of analysis algorithms that are suitable for a wide array of MIR tasks. In order to provide these features with a minimal learning curve, the system implements a GUI that makes the process of selecting desired features straight forward. A command-line interface is also provided to manipulate jAudio via scripting. Furthermore, jAudio provides a unique method of handling multidimensional features and a new mechanism for dependency handling to prevent duplicate calculations. The system takes a sequence of audio files as input. In the GUI, users select the features that they wish to have extracted—letting jAudio take care of all dependency problems—and either execute directly from the GUI or save the settings for batch processing. The output is either an ACE XML file or an ARFF file depending on the user’s preference.
Improving CP-based local branching via sliced neighborhood search

In this paper we merge two problem independent search strategies, namely Local Branching and Sliced Neighborhood Search. They both integrate CP tree search with local search concepts, but while local branching is very effective in exploring small neighborhoods, its performances decrease when dealing with diversification and large neighborhood exploration. On the other hand Sliced Neighborhood Search is an effective method for exploring random slices of large neighborhoods and in moving away arbitrarily far from an incumbent solution. For this reason we obtain very good results in improving a reference solution: Local Branching obtains a 35% improvement when SNS is integrated aggressively both in the neighborhood exploration and in the diversification strategy. The tests were conducted on large instances of the Travelling Salesman Problem with Time Windows.
Software Evolution of Robot Control Based on OSGi

Robots always work in a variable environment, so the evolutional ability of robot control software is generally required in order to adapt the changing environment for various tasks. Software should be able to be replaced, changed and updated remotely, reliably and across its whole lifecycle. So far, most robot programs are developed in an ad-hoc way and are encapsulated in a closed software package. This article presents an OSGi (http://www.osgi.org) based approach for software evolution of robot control. OSGi provides a dynamic, extensible and versatile software platform for dynamic configuration of software components, i.e. bundles. Using its characteristics of dynamic loading, update and reference management, the primitive behaviors of a robot are implemented as different bundles in OSGi and the complex tasks of a robot can be realized by configuration of interactions and co-operations among the bundles through a ManagerBundle. It facilitates control strategy evolution and makes robot software more flexible and extensible. The system is designed for the middle-size league in RoboCup (http://www.robocup.org) and to provide a software evolution framework for convenient and immediate update of match strategies
Linking Primary Care Information Systems and Public Health Vertical Programs in the Philippines: An Open-source Experience

Community-based primary care information systems are one of the building blocks for national health information systems. In the Philippines, after the devolution of health care to local governments, we observed "health information system islands" connected to national vertical programs being implemented in devolved health units. These structures lead to a huge amount of "information work" in the transformation of health information at the community level. This paper describes work done to develop and implement the open-source Community Based Health Information Tracking System (CHITS) Project, which was implemented to address this information management problem and its outcomes. Several lessons learned from the field as well as software development strategies are highlighted in building community level information systems that link to national level health information systems.
Efficient collision detection for example-based deformable bodies

We introduce a new collision proxy for example-based deformable bodies. Specifically, we approximate the deforming geometry as a union of spheres. During pre-computation we perform a sphere packing on the input, undeformed geometry. Then, for each example pose, we move and resize the spheres to approximate the example. During runtime we blend together these positions and radii, using the same skinning weights we use for the geometry. We demonstrate the method on a car crash example, where we achieve an overall speedup of 5--20 times, depending on the resolution of the collision proxy geometry.
Sparse representation approach to inverse halftoning by means of K-SVD dictionary

We approach to the problem of inverse halftoning within the frameworks of Bayesian inference and compressed sensing, which is one of the most effective signal processing methods through sparse representation. In this paper, we adopt the K-SVD dictionary for the sparse representation of an original image to be inferred, and develop our previous work with the DCT dictionary restricted to a small number of the slowest basis vectors. The K-SVD dictionary is known to have higher efficiency for sparse representation than the DCT one. Therefore, we can expect that it helps us overcome a heavily ill-posed property of the problem. Numerical analysis confirms the effectiveness of our approach with the K-SVD dictionary, and makes clear the difference between the characteristics of the K-SVD dictionary and those of the restricted DCT one.
Using Movie Subtitles for Creating a Large-Scale Bilingual Corpora

This paper presents a method for compiling a large-scale bilingual corpus from a database of movie subtitles. To create the corpus, we propose an algorithm based on Gale and Churchs sentence alignment algorithm(1993). However, our algorithm not only relies on character length information, but also uses subtitle-timing information, which is encoded in the subtitle files. Timing is highly correlated between subtitles in different versions (for the same movie), since subtitles that match should be displayed at the same time. However, the absolute time values cant be used for alignment, since the timing is usually specified by frame numbers and not by real time, and converting it to real time values is not always possible, hence we use normalized subtitle duration instead. This results in a significant reduction in the alignment error rate.
An Alkaloid Extract of Evanta, Traditionally Used as Anti‐leishmania Agent in Bolivia, Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Interferon‐γ Production in Polyclonally Activated Cells

Traditional medicine and scientific studies have shown that the raw extract of Evanta [Galipea longiflora, Angostura longiflora (Krause) Kallunki] exhibits anti‐leishmanial activity. We hypothesized that the healing observed when using this plant might not only be due to the direct action on the parasite, but possibly to a parallel effect on the host immune response to the parasite involved in the healing process. We show here that an alkaloid extract of Evanta (AEE) directly killed the parasite already at a dose of 10 μg/ml, but at this low concentration, AEE did not have a major effect on viability and proliferation of eukaryotic cells. The whole extract was also found to be stronger than 2‐phenylquinoline, the most prominent alkaloid in AEE. AEE was not directly stimulating B or T cells or J774 macrophages. However, it interfered with the activation of both mouse and human T cells, as revealed by a reduction of in vitro cellular proliferation and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production. The effect was more evident when the cells were pretreated with AEE and subsequently stimulated with the polyclonal T‐cell activators Concanavalin A and anti‐CD3. Taken together, our results suggest that Evanta have a direct leishmanicidal effect and due to the effect on IFN‐γ production it might contribute to control the chronic inflammatory reaction that characterize Leishmania infection pathology, but in vivo studies are necessary to corroborate this finding.
Effect of age and occupational exposure to airway irritants on lung function in non-smoking individuals with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ).

BACKGROUND: Severe alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (PiZZ) is associated with an increased risk of lung emphysema, especially in smokers. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors other than smoking for declining lung function. METHODS: Lung function was studied in 225 self-reported never-smoking PiZZ individuals included in the Swedish AAT deficiency register. RESULTS: Lung function was poorer in men than in women (mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 80 (30) versus 88 (17)% predicted) despite the fact that the men were younger (mean (SD) age 45 (18) versus 51 (17) years), and poorer in those aged 50 or older than in those aged under 50 (mean (SD) FEV1 70 (30) versus 98 (16)% predicted). Self-reported occupational exposure to gas, fumes, or dust occurred more frequently in men than in women. In those aged 50 or older lung function was lower in individuals exposed to airway irritants than those who were not exposed (mean (SD) FEV1 63 (29) versus 76 (31)% predicted). Male sex, increasing age, and previous symptoms of wheezing were independent risk factors for lung function impairment, and male sex, wheeziness, and occupational exposure to airway irritants were independent risk factors in the subjects aged 50 years or more. CONCLUSIONS: In non-smoking PiZZ individuals lung function declines with increasing age, especially after 50. Men are at greater risk of lung function deterioration than women. Asthmatic symptoms and occupational exposure to airway irritants appear to constitute additional risk factors.
Do Free Trade Agreements Actually Increase Members' International Trade?

For more than forty years, the gravity equation has been a workhorse for cross-country empirical analyses of international trade flows and, in particular, the effects of free trade agreements (FTAs) on trade flows. However, the gravity equation is subject to the same econometric critique as earlier cross-industry studies of U.S. tariff and nontariff barriers and U.S. multilateral imports: Trade policy is not an exogenous variable. The authors address econometrically the endogeneity of FTAs using instrumental-variable (IV) techniques, control-function (CF) techniques, and panel-data techniques; IV and CF approaches do not adjust for endogeneity well, but a panel-data approach does. Accounting econometrically for the FTA variable? s endogeneity yields striking empirical results: The effect of FTAs on trade flows is quintupled.
ERP Implementation in Iran: (A Successful Experience in DGC)

Nowadays, the amounts of companies which tend to have an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application are increasing. Although ERP projects are expensive, time consuming, and complex, there are some successful experiences. These days, developing countries are striving to implement ERP projects successfully; however, there are many obstacles. Therefore, these projects would be failed or partially failed. This paper concerns the implementation of a successful ERP implementation, IFS, in Iran at Dana Geophysics Company (DGC). After a short review of ERP and ERP market in Iran, we propose a three phases deployment methodology (phase 1: Preparation and Business Process Management (BPM) phase 2: implementation and phase 3: testing, golive-1 (pilot) and golive-2 (final)). Then, we present five guidelines (Project Management, Change Management, Business Process Management (BPM), Training& Knowledge Management, and Technical Management), which were chose as work streams. In this case study we present lessons learned in Project management and Business process Management. Keywords—Business Process Management, Critical Success Factors, ERP, Project Management.
Wide Bandwidth Experimental Study of Nondegenerate Phase-Sensitive Amplifiers in Single- and Dual-Pump Configurations

We experimentally demonstrate nondegenerate phase-sensitive amplification of a 40-Gb/s differential phase-shift-keying data signal in both single- and double-pumped parametric configurations. Careful optimization of the system has allowed a uniform phase-sensitive gain and attenuation to be achieved over at least 20 nm of bandwidth.
Negotiation Analysis: An Introduction

Copyright © 2000 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http://www.hbsp. harvard.edu. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. M I C H A E L W H E E L E R
Can Coalho cheese lactic microbiota be used in dairy fermentation to reduce foodborne pathogens?

In order to study the biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and evaluate their potential for use in dairy fermentation to inhibit foodborne pathogens, we collected two types of Coalho cheese made with raw milk from an artisanal production located in Venturosa, Agreste Region in the state of Pernambuco. From 480 isolates, 210 (Gram-positive; catalase-negative; able to clot skim milk) were identified as LAB and 78 were identified at genus level. The genera found were Enterococcus (37.1%), Streptococcus (25.6%), Lactococcus (19.2%) and Leuconostoc (15.3%). The technology potential showed that most of the LAB exhibited proteolytic activity (82.9%), diacetyl production (65.7%), grown in 3, 4 and 6.5% NaCl (more than 50%), and rapidly acidified milk (52.6%) due to the production of lactic acid. The antagonistic potential showed that most LAB inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 (82.89%) and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (88.15%), and 72.36% of the LAB presented antimicrobial activity against the two indicators. Among the Enterococcus strains, most (more than 70%) were gama-hemolitic and none produced gelatinase. This study allowed for the selection of strains with promising potential for use in dairy fermentation that could reduce the contamination of milk and cheese by foodborne pathogens.
Planarity Allowing Few Error Vertices in Linear Time

We show that for every fixed $k$, there is a linear time algorithm that decides whether or not a given graph has a vertex set $X$ of order at most $k$ such that $G-X$ is planar (we call this class of graphs {\it $k$-apex}), and if this is the case, computes a drawing of the graph in the plane after deleting at most $k$ vertices. In fact, in this case, we shall determine the minimum value $l \leq k$such that after deleting some $l$ vertices, the resulting graph is planar. If this is not the case, then the algorithm gives rise to a minor which is not $k$-apex and is minimal with this property. This answers the question posed by Cabello and Mohar in 2005, and by Kawarabayashi and Reed (STOC'07), respectively. Note that the case $k=0$ is the planarity case. Thus our algorithm can be viewed as a generalization of the seminal result by Hopcroft and Tarjan (J. ACM 1974), which determines if a given graph is planar in linear time. Our algorithm can be also compared to the algorithms by Mohar (STOC'96 and Siam J. Discrete Math 2001) for testing the embeddability of an input graph in a fixed surface in linear time, by Kawarabayashi and Mohar (STOC'08) for testing polyhedral embeddability of an input graph in a fixed surface in linear time, and by Kawarabayashi and Reed (STOC'07) for testing the fixed crossing number in linear time. Note that deciding the genus of $k$-apex graphs is NP-complete, even for $k=1$, as shown by Mohar. Thus $k$-apex graphs are very different from bounded genus graphs in a sense. %\cite{Mo-apex}. In addition, for any fixed $c, k$, we apply our algorithm to obtain a linear time approximation scheme for weighted TSP, and for minimum weighted $c$-edge-connected submultigraph, respectively, for $k$-apex graphs. (In this case, an embedding of a $k$-apex graph is not given in the input). The first result generalizes the recent planar result by Klein (FOCS'05), while the second result generalizes Czumaj et al. (SODA'04). We also extend several optimization results for planar graphs by Baker (J. ACM. 1994) and others to $k$-apex graphs.
MITRE at SemEval-2017 Task 1: Simple Semantic Similarity

This paper describes MITRE’s participation in the Semantic Textual Similarity task (SemEval-2017 Task 1), which evaluated machine learning approaches to the identification of similar meaning among text snippets in English, Arabic, Spanish, and Turkish. We detail the techniques we explored ranging from simple bag-of-ngrams classifiers to neural architectures with varied attention and alignment mechanisms. Linear regression is used to tie the systems together into an ensemble submitted for evaluation. The resulting system is capable of matching human similarity ratings of image captions with correlations of 0.73 to 0.83 in monolingual settings and 0.68 to 0.78 in cross-lingual conditions, demonstrating the power of relatively simple approaches.
Event Frame Extraction Based on a Gene Regulation Corpus

This paper describes the supervised acquisition of semantic event frames based on a corpus of biomedical abstracts, in which the biological process of E. coli gene regulation has been linguistically annotated by a group of biologists in the EC research project "BOOTStrep". Gene regulation is one of the rapidly advancing areas for which information extraction could boost research. Event frames are an essential linguistic resource for extraction of information from biological literature. This paper presents a specification for linguistic-level annotation of gene regulation events, followed by novel methods of automatic event frame extraction from text. The event frame extraction performance has been evaluated with 10-fold cross validation. The experimental results show that a precision of nearly 50% and a recall of around 20% are achieved. Since the goal of this paper is event frame extraction, rather than event instance extraction, the issue of low recall could be solved by applying the methods to a larger-scale corpus.