Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Test-Case Generation and Coverage Analysis for Nondeterministic Systems Using Model-Checkers

Nondeterminism is used as a means of under specification or implementation choice in specifications, and it is often necessary if part of a system or the environment is unpredictable. The use of model-checker counterexamples as test-cases is a popular technique in model-based testing. Even though model-checkers can handle nondeterministic models for verification purposes, the use of nondeterministic models for test-case generation is not directly possible. A counterexample is an example execution path where alternative paths might also be valid. Consequently, testing could falsely identify correct implementations as erroneous. This paper describes how to use model-checkers to derive test-cases from nondeterministic models by applying postprocessing to the counterexamples. The influence of nondeterminism on coverage measurement with model-checkers is analyzed, and known coverage criteria are adapted. This is useful for the execution of test-cases on nondeterministic systems, where special treatment is necessary.
Target entitativity: implications for information processing about individual and group targets.

It is hypothesized that perceptions of entitativity (i.e., seeing social targets as possessing unity and coherence) have important implications for how one organizes information about, and forms impressions of, individual and group targets. When perceivers expect entitativity, they should form an integrated impression of the target, resulting in on-line judgments. However, when perceivers expect little entitativity, they should not process target-relevant information in an integrative fashion, resulting in memory-based judgments. Although many factors affect perceptions of entitativity, the current study focused on expectations of similarity and behavioral consistency. It was predicted that in general, perceivers expect greater entitativity for individual than group targets. However, when explicitly provided with similar expectancies of entitativity, information processing would be similar for both individual and group targets. Two experiments supported these predictions, using recall, memory-judgment correlation, and illusory correlation measures.
Single-antenna co-channel interference cancellation for TDMA cellular radio systems

Co-channel interference cancellation is particularly challenging in the downlink of cellular radio systems because usually only one receive antenna is available at the mobile terminal. This tutorial provides an overview of promising a single-antenna co-channel interference cancellation techniques. Focus is on the downlink of time-division multiple access systems. The results may, however, be extended to related applications, including interference suppression in multiple-input multiple-output systems.
Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning.

OBJECTIVE Axis V, which uses the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale in the multiaxial system of DSM-III-R, is under review for DSM-IV. This article examines what is known about axis V and selectively reviews the literature on measures of social functioning to identify potential alternatives to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. METHOD About 25 studies on the use, reliability, and validity of axis V in DSM-III and DSM-III-R are reviewed. In addition, nearly 30 measures of social functioning are reviewed and analyzed as potential substitutes for the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. The analysis focuses on the strengths and weaknesses of each measure for assessing functioning on axis V. RESULTS Axis V measures are modestly reliable and valid but not widely used. The authors identify and discuss two particular limitations of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale: 1) the combination of measures of symptoms and measures of social functioning on a single axis and 2) the exclusion of physical impairments from the rating of functioning. CONCLUSIONS None of the measures of social functioning reviewed is clearly superior to the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for use on axis V. A modified version of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, separating the measures of social and occupational functioning from the measures of symptoms and psychological functioning, is proposed for field testing, along with a new set of instructions permitting the rating of limitations due to both physical and mental impairments.
Frequency effects in the production of Dutch deverbal adjectives and inflected verbs

In two experiments, we studied the role of frequency information in the production of deverbal adjectives and inflected verbs in Dutch. Naming latencies were triggered in a position–response association task and analysed using stepwise mixed-effects modelling, with subject and word as crossed random effects. The production latency of deverbal adjectives was affected by the cumulative frequencies of their verbal stems, arguing for decomposition and against full listing. However, for the inflected verbs, there was an inhibitory effect of Inflectional Entropy, and a nonlinear effect of Lemma Frequency. Additional effects of Position-specific Neighbourhood Density and Cohort Entropy in both types of words underline the importance of paradigmatic relations in the mental lexicon. Taken together, the data suggest that the word-form level does neither contain full forms nor strictly separated morphemes, but rather morphemes with links to phonologically and—in case of inflected verbs—morphologically related word forms.
Driver distraction: A review of the literature

This report provides a comprehensive review of the current research on driver distractions deriving from within the vehicle. The impact of technology ( e.g., mobile phones and route guidance systems) and non technology-based distractions (e.g., eating, smoking and conversing with passengers) on driving performance is examined and the relative influence of these distractions on driving is discussed. Approximately one quarter of vehicle crashes in the United States are estimated to result from the driver being inattentive or distracted. Whilst the full extent to which distraction is a causal factor in vehicle crashes in Australia is not yet known, there is converging evidence that it likely to be a significant problem here. As more wireless communication, entertainment and driver assistance systems proliferate the vehicle market, the prevalence of distraction-related crashes here and overseas is expected to escalate. The various methods that have been employed to measure driver distraction are examined and those measurement techniques that appear most promising in being able to accurately measure in-vehicle distraction are identified. In the final section of the report, recommendations for research and for the management of driver distraction are provided as a first step in stimulating development of a national agenda for dealing with this issue.
Position of long-term prediction model in aging management of nuclear power plant safety cables

Polymeric insulating materials used for safety-related cables in nuclear power plants are subject to thermal and radiation environment. The durability of such materials has been preserved through environmental qualification, but recently it also becomes necessarily to develop condition monitoring methods for aging management programs in order to adjust to plant life management. Such activities require some existing technologies to be re-validated. Understanding the degradation phenomena and long-term degradation prediction are found to be prime important in the following two kinds of points; i.e., view unification on type tests and technology development in condition monitoring. The present research completed a correlation map and a road map for element issues that still need to be solved.
Undirected connectivity in O(log/sup 1.5/n) space

The authors present a deterministic algorithm for the connectivity problem on undirected graphs that runs in O(log/sup 1.5/n) space. Thus, the recursive doubling technique of Savich (1970) which requires Theta (log/sup 2/n) space is not optimal for this problem. <<ETX>>
Representing Accent

In this article I present a formal theory of word a ccent. The theory separates the representation of p rimary accent and ‘perceptually strong’ syllables that are du to rhythm (sometimes in combination with sylla ble weight), the idea being that the rhythmic beats are accounted for independently, although ‘with refere nce to’ the primary accent location.
A Context-Based Performance Enhancement Algorithm for Columnar Storage in MapReduce with Hive

To achieve high reliability and scalability, most large-scale data warehouse systems have adopted the cluster-based architecture. In this context, MapReduce has emerged as a promising architecture for large scale data warehousing and data analytics on commodity clusters. The MapReduce framework offers several lucrative features such as high fault-tolerance, scalability and use of a variety of hardware from low to high range. But these benefits have resulted in substantial performance compromise. In this paper, we propose the design of a novel cluster-based data warehouse system, Daenyrys for data processing on Hadoop-an open source implementation of the MapReduce framework under the umbrella of Apache. Daenyrys is a data management system which has the capability to take decision about the optimum partitioning scheme for the Hadoop's distributed file system DFS. The optimum partitioning scheme improves the performance of the complete framework. The choice of the optimum partitioning is query-context dependent. In Daenyrys, the columns are formed into optimized groups to provide the basis for the partitioning of tables vertically. Daenyrys has an algorithm that monitors the context of current queries and based on the observations, it re-partitions the DFS for better performance and resource utilization. In the proposed system, Hive, a MapReduce-based SQL-like query engine is supported above the DFS.
Towards a contractual approach for transaction management 1

We model and analyse a business case from a dual view of process and service perspectives. We discover that a common understanding of transactional reliability is missing between the parties collaborating in this case. Therefore, we propose to enclose a transactional quality of service (TxQoS) specification in a service level agreement (SLA) to infuse transactional semantics into e-contracts for contract-driven service-oriented processes. A contract structure with a business terminology is designed to enable unambiguous interpretation and understanding of transactional qualities between the business and technical communities as well as between the contracting parties. A framework is developed consisting of an architecture, a mapping–matching model and a monitoring mechanism to support the TxQoS approach.
in Israel . A community based study of failure to thrive

Objective-To examine the characteristics of infants suffering from failure to thrive in a community based cohort in Israel and to ascertain the effect of failure to thrive on their cognitive development. Methods-By review of records maintained at maternal and child health clinics in Jerusalem and the town of Beit Shemesh, epidemiological data were obtained at age 15 months on a cohort of all babies born in 1991. For each case of failure to thrive, a matched control was selected from the same maternal and child health clinic. At age 20 months, cognitive development was measured, and at 25 months a home visit was carried out to assess maternal psychiatric status by questionnaire, and the HOME assessment was performed to assess the home environment. Results-3.9% of infants were found to have fallen below the third centile in weight for at least three months during the first year of life. Infants with failure to thrive did not differ from the general population in terms of obstetric or neonatal complications, birth order, or parents' ethnic origin, age, or years of education. The infants with failure to thrive did have lower birthweights and marginally smaller head circumferences at birth. Developmental assessment at 20 months of age showed a DQ of 99.7 v 107.2 in the matched controls, with 11.5% having aDQ below 80, as opposed to only 4.6% of the controls. No differences were found in maternal psychiatric problems as measured by a self report questionnaire. There were, however, significant differences in subscales ofthe HOME scale. Conclusions-(1) Infants who suffered from failure to thrive had some physiological predispositions that put them at risk; (2) failure to thrive may be an early marker of families providing suboptimal developmental stimulation. (Arch Dis Child 1996;75:145-148)
Mfn1 Deficiency in the Liver Protects Against Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance and Enhances the Hypoglycemic Effect of Metformin

Mitochondrial function can be influenced by mitochondrial shape and connectivity with other cellular organelles through fusion and fission processes. Disturbances in mitochondrial architecture and mitochondrial fusion-related genes are observed in situations of type 2 diabetes and obesity, leading to a highly fissioned mitochondrial network. To directly test the effect of reduced mitochondrial fusion on hepatic metabolism, we generated mice with a liver-specific deletion of the Mfn1 gene (Mfn1LKO) and monitored their energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and susceptibility to diet-induced insulin resistance. Livers from Mfn1LKO mice displayed a highly fragmented mitochondrial network. This was coupled to an enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity and a preference for the use of lipids as the main energy source. Although Mfn1LKO mice are similar to control mice fed a low-fat diet, they are protected against insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Importantly, Mfn1 deficiency increased complex I abundance and sensitized animals to the hypoglycemic effect of metformin. Our results suggest that targeting Mfn1 could provide novel avenues to ameliorate glucose homeostasis in obese patients and improve the effectiveness of metformin.
Structure, evolution and properties of a novel repetitive DNA family in Caenorhabditis elegans.

We have identified a moderately repeated DNA sequence in Caenorhabditis elegans present at least at twenty different locations in the genome. Elements of this intermingled repetitive DNA family are made up of tandem subreapeats whose smaller unit is ten base pairs long. The occurrence of single base changes between units is reminiscent of mammalian satellite DNA. Sequence analysis has shown that the consensus of these repeats is identical to the consensus of the heat-shock element (HSE) common to all eukaryotes (C--GAA--TTC--G). This consensus in our sequences is repeated in tandem with an overlap of four bases (C--GAA--TTC--GAA--TTC.). We studied in detail one cloned element of the family and we were unable to detect transcription in the flanking regions either under normal growth or after heat induction. Nevertheless a 242 bp sequences out of this same element was sufficient, when located on a multicopy plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to drive transcription from a downstream gene under heat shock conditions.
Quantifying the accretion of hyperphosphorylated tau in the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus: the pathological building blocks of early Alzheimer's disease

Hyperphosphorylated tau neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (ht‐NCI) are the best protein correlate of clinical decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Qualitative evidence identifies ht‐NCI accumulating in the isodendritic core before the entorhinal cortex. Here, we used unbiased stereology to quantify ht‐NCI burden in the locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), aiming to characterize the impact of AD pathology in these nuclei with a focus on early stages.
Simulation of dose deposition in stereotactic synchrotron radiation therapy: a fast approach combining Monte Carlo and deterministic algorithms

A hybrid approach, combining deterministic and Monte Carlo (MC) calculations, is proposed to compute the distribution of dose deposited during stereotactic synchrotron radiation therapy treatment. The proposed approach divides the computation into two parts: (i) the dose deposited by primary radiation (coming directly from the incident x-ray beam) is calculated in a deterministic way using ray casting techniques and energy-absorption coefficient tables and (ii) the dose deposited by secondary radiation (Rayleigh and Compton scattering, fluorescence) is computed using a hybrid algorithm combining MC and deterministic calculations. In the MC part, a small number of particle histories are simulated. Every time a scattering or fluorescence event takes place, a splitting mechanism is applied, so that multiple secondary photons are generated with a reduced weight. The secondary events are further processed in a deterministic way, using ray casting techniques. The whole simulation, carried out within the framework of the Monte Carlo code Geant4, is shown to converge towards the same results as the full MC simulation. The speed of convergence is found to depend notably on the splitting multiplicity, which can easily be optimized. To assess the performance of the proposed algorithm, we compare it to state-of-the-art MC simulations, accelerated by the track length estimator technique (TLE), considering a clinically realistic test case. It is found that the hybrid approach is significantly faster than the MC/TLE method. The gain in speed in a test case was about 25 for a constant precision. Therefore, this method appears to be suitable for treatment planning applications.
Farthest point seeding for efficient placement of streamlines

We propose a novel algorithm for placement of streamlines from two-dimensional steady vector or direction fields. Our method consists of placing one streamline at a time by numerical integration starting at the furthest away from all previously placed streamlines. Such a farthest point seeding strategy leads to high quality placements by favoring long streamlines, while retaining uniformity with the increasing density. Our greedy approach generates placements of comparable quality with respect to the optimization approach from Turk and Banks, while being 200 times faster. Simplicity, robustness as well as efficiency is achieved through the use of a Delaunay triangulation to model the streamlines, address proximity queries and determine the biggest voids by exploiting the empty circle property. Our method handles variable density and extends to multiresolution.
Identification of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor‐modifying β1‐3 N‐acetylglucosaminyl transferase in Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei expresses complex glycoproteins throughout its life cycle. A review of its repertoire of glycosidic linkages suggests a minimum of 38 glycosyltransferase activities. Of these, five have been experimentally related to specific genes and a further nine can be associated with candidate genes. The remaining linkages have no obvious candidate glycosyltransferase genes; however, the T. brucei genome contains a family of 21 putative UDP sugar‐dependent glycosyltransferases of unknown function. One representative, TbGT8, was used to establish a functional characterization workflow. Bloodstream and procyclic‐form TbGT8 null mutants were created and both exhibited normal growth. The major surface glycoprotein of the procyclic form, the procyclin, exhibited a marked reduction in molecular weight due to changes in the procyclin glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor side‐chains. Structural analysis of the mutant procyclin GPI anchors indicated that TbGT8 encodes a UDP‐GlcNAc: β‐Gal‐GPI β1‐3 GlcNAc transferase. This is only the second GPI‐modifying glycosyltransferase to have been identified from any organism. The glycosylation of the major glycoprotein of bloodstream‐form T. brucei, the variant surface glycoprotein, was unaffected in the TbGT8 mutant. However, changes in the lectin binding of other glycoproteins suggest that TbGT8 influences the processing of the poly N‐acetyllactosamine‐containing asparagine‐linked glycans of this life cycle stage.
Anomaly Detection of Network Traffic Based on Wavelet Packet

The rapid and accurate detection of network traffic anomaly is one of the preconditions to guarantee the effective work of the network. Aiming at the deficiency of present methods of network traffic anomaly detection, we propose a scale-adaptive method based on wavelet packet. By means of wavelet packet decomposition, our method can adjust the decomposition process adaptively, has the same detective ability to the anomaly of various frequency, especially the middle and high frequency ones which can not be checked out by the multi-resolution analysis. By means of adaptive reconstruction of the wavelet packet coefficient of different wavelet domains which anomaly, our method is able to confirm the characteristics of anomaly and enhance the reliability of detection. The simulation results prove that the method can detect the network traffic anomaly efficiently
Multimodal medical image registration using particle swarm optimization with influence of the data's initial orientation

Imaging techniques are an excellent example for the continuous improvement of medical possibilities by technical innovation. One particularly relevant field of research is multimodal registration, where data sets must be aligned in order to make their structures overlay. The overlay of the image positions is reached by optimizing a similarity metric. A commonly used measure applied in this process is the normalized mutual information, which also will be used in this paper. Due to iteratively improving this function value, a transformation can be determined, which adapts the data in order to make the images overlap each other as accurately as possible. For this improvement process, different mathematical optimization methods are in use. One approach is Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a nature-inspired optimization technique. In the present work, four variants of the PSO algorithm are presented and applied to medical image data. Although classical PSO with standard parameters is shown to have some limitations, considerable improvement can be obtained by the modification of the calculation rules, the choice of the parameter values and the choice of the objective function. Our experimental results illustrate the substantial potential of PSO for this type of application.
Does Exporting Lead to Better Performance ?

Exporting involves sunk costs, so some firms export whilst others do not. This proposition derives from a number of models of firm behaviour and has been exposed to microeconometric analysis. Evidence from the latter suggests that exporting firms are generally more productive than non-exporters; they self-select in that they are more productive before they enter export markets; but entry does not make them any more productive. This paper investigates exporting and firm performance for a large panel of UK manufacturing firms applying, for the first time, matching techniques. We find that exporters are more productive and they do self-select. In contrast to other evidence, however, we also find that exporting further increases firm productivity. Outline