Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The nordic ‘cultural industries’: a cross‐national assessment of the place of the cultural industries in denmark, finland, norway and sweden

ABSTRACT In this paper an attempt is made to measure the cultural industries in a cross‐national context. The paper starts with a discussion of the definition and delineation of the term the ‘cultural industries’. It is argued that a large range of goods and services may be considered to be cultural industry products and that it is important to place the production and exchange of such products in the context of an industrial systems approach. Following this the concept is operationalised using data on employment and firm activity from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Results are presented which suggest that overall growth in both employment and firm numbers has been especially strong in the cultural industries. However, interesting differences between the countries emerged from the data. Thus regional dimensions are then examined resulting in the finding that in all four countries cultural industries have a strong attraction to urban areas but an even stronger propensity to agglomerate. It is suggested that the spatial dynamics observed may be key to the development of the industries' competencies and success. In summary the paper presents results of extensive data analysis that show the cultural industries' important contribution to Scandinavian economies and labour markets.
Epidemiology of Moraxella catarrhalis in children during the first 2 years of life: relationship to otitis media.

Nasopharyngeal colonization with Moraxella catarrhalis was evaluated in a large cohort of infants followed prospectively from birth to 2 years of age; 120 children were examined at 13 routine visits. Of these, 66% became colonized with M. catarrhalis by 1 year and 77.5% by 2 years. Nasopharyngeal colonization with M. catarrhalis increased from 27.0% during healthy visits to 62.7% during visits due to otitis media (P < .001). Otitis-prone children were colonized at 44.4% of all visits compared with 16.7% for children who did not have otitis media (P < .001). DNA from 112 strains of M. catarrhalis from 34 children were evaluated; 106 were successfully digested with restriction enzymes and demonstrated a great degree of heterogeneity. Children tended to acquire and eliminate a number of different strains. Intrafamilial spread of the same strain of M. catarrhalis was frequent. These data suggest that nasopharyngeal colonization with M. catarrhalis is common throughout infancy. A high rate of colonization is associated with an increased risk of otitis media.
Recognition of LPS by TLR4: Potential for Anti-Inflammatory Therapies

LPS molecules of marine bacteria show structures distinct from terrestrial bacteria, due to the different environment that marine bacteria live in. Because of these different structures, lipid A molecules from marine bacteria are most often poor stimulators of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Due to their low stimulatory potential, these lipid A molecules are suggested to be applicable as antagonists of TLR4 signaling in sepsis patients, where this immune response is amplified and unregulated. Antagonizing lipid A molecules might be used for future therapies against sepsis, therapies that currently do not exist. In this review, we will discuss these differences in lipid A structures and their recognition by the immune system. The modifications present in marine lipid A structures are described, and their potential as LPS antagonists will be discussed. Finally, since clinical trials built on antagonizing lipid A molecules have proven unsuccessful, we propose to also focus on different aspects of the TLR4 signaling pathway when searching for new potential drugs. Furthermore, we put forward the notion that bacteria probably already produce inhibitors of TLR4 signaling, making these bacterial products interesting molecules to investigate for future sepsis therapies.
Optimal Design of Modern Transformerless PV Inverter Topologies

The design optimization of H5, H6, neutral point clamped, active-neutral point clamped, and conergy-NPC transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters is presented in this paper. The components reliability in terms of the corresponding malfunctions, affecting the PV inverter maintenance cost during the operational lifetime period of the PV installation, is also considered in the optimization process. According to the results of the proposed design method, different optimal values of the PV inverter design variables are derived for each PV inverter topology and installation site. The H5, H6, neutral point clamped, active-neutral point clamped and conergy-NPC PV inverters designed using the proposed optimization process feature lower levelized cost of generated electricity and lifetime cost, longer mean time between failures and inject more PV-generated energy into the electric grid than their nonoptimized counterparts, thus maximizing the total economic benefit obtained during the operational time of the PV system.
Hi-GoTE: Hierarchical Group-Wise Temporal Ensembling for Semi-Supervised Pedestrian Attribute Recognition

Pedestrian attribute recognition models typically require a substantial amount of labeled training data, which can be both costly and labor-intensive due to the manual annotation process. In this paper, to address this we propose semi supervised pedestrian attribute recognition (Semi-PAR), which relies on minimal labeled data and uses a large amount of unlabeled data for model training. Specifically, we tackle the problem of Semi-PAR by presenting a Hi-GoTE, a hierarchical group-wise temporal ensembling based supervised learning framework. In this framework, the PAR model is trained in a hierarchical fashion by semi-supervising on groups of attributes incrementally. Experiments on PETA-ZS and Market-1501 datasets with 5% labeled samples shows accuracy of 73.96% and 77.99% respectively, showing the benefits of the proposed framework.
Analyse des effets distributifs de différentes politiques de transport

La these contribue au developpement de la litterature empirique sur les effets distributifs des politiques de transport. Les trois premiers chapitres examinent successivement les effets distributifs d'un peage urbain a Paris, d'une taxe carbone sur le carburant en France, et de differentes politiques de transport en commun en Ile-de-France. Nous mesurons a l'aide de modeles econometriques et d'analyses statistiques la repartition entre les menages francais ou franciliens des couts et des benefices engendres par les differentes mesures. Le quatrieme chapitre utilise la methode des prix hedoniques pour mesurer l'impact des politiques « Quartiers Verts » et « Quartiers Tranquilles » sur les prix de l'immobilier. Ces deux politiques de la Mairie de Paris consistent a reamenager certains quartiers afin d'operer un nouveau partage de la voie publique au profit des modes de circulations douces
Marital Litigation in Early Colonial Lesotho 1870-1900

Litiges conjugaux au Lesotho au debut de la periode coloniale, 1870-1900.En s’appuyant sur des temoignages juridiques, cet article explore l’experience des femmes africaines dans le systeme juridique du Lesotho a la periode coloniale. Il montre comment les femmes utilisaient des moyens legaux et illegaux pour faire valoir leurs interets conjugaux et obtenir la garde de leurs enfants. L’article conclut que malgre tous les effets pervers de la restructuration des liens entre les hommes et les femmes BaSotho, notamment les liens conjugaux, les efforts des missionnaires et la legislation coloniale ont offert de nouvelles opportunites aux femmes. Celles-ci ont utilise ces nouveaux acquis (pendant une courte periode seulement) pour s’extraire d’unions indesirables et pour obtenir la garde de leurs enfants.
Machine Learning-Based Dynamic Signal Switching: A Promising Solution to Traffic Congestion

Today's growing urban population means increased revenue for individuals, translating into growing vehicles on the road. Nowadays, people use their private vehicles instead of public transportation, which results in a considerable number of personal vehicles that lead totraffic congestion everywhere. The ever-increasing number of vehicles and complex congestion leads to frequent traffic jams in major cities. In today's scenario, traditional traffic management methods have become redundant as the traffic volume has grown exponentially. The primary goal of this proposed work is to develop an algorithm that uses machine learning to control traffic effectively and ensure efficient traffic flow in the event of unforeseen events like accidents. The existing algorithm focuses on predicting shortterm traffic flow but ignores that traffic congestion may also occur due to accidents and emergencies. Our proposed model will consider all the above factors and use dynamic signal switching among lanes to predict the best and most efficient solution to reducing waiting time for vehicles and congestion on the road. To create an effective traffic flow management model with the least amount of road mayhem, our suggested model needs traffic data as input, which was then trained using various Machine Learning (ML) models.
Psychological Testing: An Introduction

Preface Part I. Basic Issues: 1. The nature of tests 2. Test construction, administration, and Interpretation 3. Reliability and validity Part II. Dimensions of Testing: 4. Personality 5. Cognition 6. Attitudes, values, and interests 7. Psychopathology 8. Normal positive functioning Part III. Applications of Testing: 9. Special children 10. Older persons 11. Testing in a cross-cultural context 12. Disability and rehabilitation Part IV. The Settings: 13. Testing in the schools 14. Occupational settings 15. Clinical and forensic settings Part V. Challenges to Testing: 16. The issue of faking 17. The role of computers 18. Testing behavior and environments 19. The history of psychological testing Appendix. Table to translate difficulty level of a test item into a z score References Test index Index of acronyms Subject index.
Radionuclides in drinking water: the recent legislative requirements of the European Union

In November 2013, a new EURATOM Directive was issued on the protection of public health from the radionuclide content in drinking water. After introducing the contents of the Directive, the paper analyses the hypotheses about drinking water ingestion adopted in documents of international and national organizations and the data obtained from national/regional surveys. Starting from the Directive’s parametric value for the Indicative Dose, some examples of derived activity concentrations of radionuclides in drinking water are reported for some age classes and three exposure situations, namely, (i) artificial radionuclides due to routine water release from nuclear power facilities, (ii) artificial radionuclides from nuclear medicine procedures, and (iii) naturally occurring radionuclides in drinking water or resulting from existing or past NORM industrial activities.
Online Classroom or Community-in-the-Making? Instructor Conceptualizations and Teaching Presence in International Online Contexts (Winner 2011 Best Research Article Award)

The community of inquiry framework (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000 ) has been an important contribution to the online distance education field and has been useful in providing researchers with the construct of "teaching presence". Teaching presence as described by the framework provides insight into the types of interactions instructors make in online teaching, but is less useful in helping to understand the why’s of instructors’ interactive decisions. In this study, activity theory (Engestrom, 1999, 2001) was adopted as a theoretical framework to understand the why’s of teaching presence, revealing a complex negotiation between instructors as subjects and the mediating components of the activity system. The article suggests that a shift to understanding teaching presence within a sociocultural perspective has important implications for teaching and design, as well as the methodologies inherent in the community of inquiry framework. A sociocultural definition of teaching presence is provided in attempt to provide a broader understanding of this construct. Le cadre de reference sur les communautes d’enquete (Community of Inquiry Framework)(Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000) a ete une contribution importante au domaine de l’education a distance en ligne et a permis de fournir aux chercheurs le concept de la « presence enseignante » (teaching presence). La presence enseignante, telle que decrite par le cadre de reference nous permet de mieux comprendre les differents types d’interactions qu’ont les instructeurs lors de l’enseignement en ligne, mais est moins utile lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre le pourquoi des decisions prises par les instructeurs au niveau de leurs interactions. Dans la presente etude, la theorie de l’activite (activity theory) (Engestrom, 1999, 2001) a ete employee comme cadre de reference theorique afin de comprendre le pourquoi de la presence enseignante, revelant ainsi une negociation complexe entre les instructeurs en tant que sujets et les elements mediateurs du systeme d’activite. L’article suggere qu’un virage vers une comprehension de la presence enseignante, d’un point de vue socioculturel, a d’importantes implications au niveau de l’enseignement et de la conception, de meme qu’au niveau des methodologies inherentes au cadre de reference sur les communautes d’enquete. Une definition socioculturelle de la presence enseignante est proposee afin de tenter de fournir une comprehension plus etendue de ce concept.
Tagging Icelandic Text using a Linguistic and a Statistical Tagger

We describe our linguistic rule-based tagger IceTagger, and compare its tagging accuracy to the TnT tagger, a state-of-the-art statistical tagger, when tagging Icelandic, a morphologically complex language. Evaluation shows that the average tagging accuracy is 91.54% and 90.44%, obtained by IceTagger and TnT, respectively. When tag profile gaps in the lexicon, used by the TnT tagger, are filled with tags produced by our morphological analyser IceMorphy, TnT's tagging accuracy increases to 91.18%.
Aeromycological analysis of allergenic airborne fungi in Qazvin, Iran

Background and Purpose: Airborne fungi are one of the most important agents responsible for triggering allergicreactions such as rhinitis and severe asthma. This study was conducted to analyze and monitor the prevalence and distribution patterns of atmospheric fungal aerosols in the air of Qazvin during winter of 2012. Materials and Methods: In the current descriptive study, the incidence and diversity of potentially allergenic airborne fungi were determined using two times sampling interval in 25 different locations of Qazvin city by Petri dish trappingtechnique and exposure of 10- cm diameter plates of Sabouraud’s dextrose agar medium plus chloramphenicol to the air. Results: A total of 2867 fungal colonies were counted on 156 Petri dishes. Of the identified 18 microfungi genera,Cladosporium spp. was the most frequently isolated genera representing 30.9% of isolates, followed by 30.9% Penicillium spp. (27.3%), Aspergillus spp %) . (24.5 , Alternaria spp. (3.3%), Rhizopus spp. (3.1%), and other fungal genera. Conclusion: The high prevalence, high quantity and variety of allergenic airborne fungi in the air of Qazvin showed that people residing in this area are exposed to health hazards. Furthermore, reduction of exposure to bio-aerosols containing these outdoor fungi is necessary to improve the health of individuals, especially those sensitive to fungal-induced diseases like asthma.
College Students' Perceptions of the Purposes of Sports

To examine perceptions of the desirable purpose of athletics by men and women 162 college men, 84 of whom participated in intercollegiate athletics, and 190 college women, 81 of whom participated in intercollegiate athletics, were administered the Purpose of Sport Questionnaire. Applying a two-way multivariate analysis of variance to their mean responses gender was significant. Post hoc analysis indicated that men believed enhanced competitiveness, social status, and high-status career opportunities to be more important purposes of sport participation than did women. Participants in intercollegiate athletics had significantly higher perceptions of enhanced competitiveness, social status, and high-status career opportunities as more important purposes of sport participation than nonparticipants. However, nonparticipants in intercollegiate athletics believed that acquisition of attributes that make one a good citizen and enhancement of self-esteem were more important purposes of sport participation.
Timing and Number of Colonizations but Not Diversification Rates Affect Diversity Patterns in Hemosporidian Lineages on a Remote Oceanic Archipelago

Parasite diversity on remote oceanic archipelagos is determined by the number and timing of colonizations and by in situ diversification rate. In this study, we compare intra-archipelago diversity of two hemosporidian parasite genera, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon, infecting birds of the Mascarene archipelago. Despite the generally higher vagility of Plasmodium parasites, we report a diversity of Plasmodium cytochrome b haplotypes in the archipelago much lower than that of Leucocytozoon. Using phylogenetic data, we find that this difference in diversity is consistent with differences in the timing and number of colonizations, while rates of diversification do not vary significantly between the two genera. The prominence of immigration history in explaining current diversity patterns highlights the importance of historical contingencies in driving disparate biogeographic patterns in potentially harmful blood parasites infecting island birds.
B5. Isolated elements dual-band microstrip patch antenna array using C-shape DGS

In this paper, isolated elements dual-band microstrip patch antenna array (MPAA) is presented for wireless applications. The proposed antenna array consists of two patches with half wave length of the higher frequency center to center spacing. The antenna is designed on FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.3 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The dual-band behavior is obtained by etching U-shape slot from each patch. The center frequencies of the bands are 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz. C-shaped ground plane slot is used to reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna array elements. The measured results show a reduction in mutual coupling of 22 dB between elements at 2.4 GHz without sacrificing the reduced mutual coupling at 3.5 GHz. The antenna array is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured results agree with those obtained by the simulator.
Sulcal variability in the Alzheimer's brain

We mapped the three dimensional (3D) extents and variability of selected sulci in the Alzheimer's brain and explored the relationship between sulcal pattern and patient's cognitive performance. High-resolution MRIs of 10 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) were linearly transformed into a standard "normalized" 3D atlas (known as the Talairach coordinate system) and, on each relevant slice, contours of the left and right Sylvian fissure, anterior and posterior calcarine, callosal, parietooccipital, and cingulate sulci and the floor of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle were traced. These landmarks were chosen because of their relative invariant location across individuals and because they demarcate functional boundaries relevant in AD. The sulcal contours were resolved into two-dimensional surfaces that cut through a brain volume. All 10 patients' sulcal surfaces were averaged to determine their mean spatial locations in the Talairach coordinate system. The 3D spatial extents of each patient's sulci were compared with their disease severity based on neuropsychological performance. The 3D sulcal variability, within the "normalized" atlas space, ranged from 4.0 mm for the left callosal sulcus to 9.1 mm for the left Sylvian fissure. Significant fissure. Significant correlations were found among the spatial extents for the posterior floor of the right temporal horn of the lateral ventricle (r = -0.89, p < 0.001 for vertical extent) and right anterior calcarine sulcus (r = -0.75, p < 0.01 for anterior-posterior extent) with copying ability of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure; the right anterior calcarine also had a significant relationship (r = -0.72, p = 0.02 for anterior-posterior extent) with performance on the Block Design subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. Verbal fluency performance measured by the Controlled Oral World Association Test was significantly related to the left cingulate (r = 0.91, p < 0.001 for anterior-posterior extent, and r = -0.82, p < 0.01 for vertical extent) and right cingulate (r = -0.72, p ≤ 0.02 for vertical extent) sulci. This exploratory study is the first to evaluate the relationship between 3D sulcal variability and cognition; our preliminary findings suggest that the 3D pattern of sulci in the AD brain is related to the severity of the disease as reflected by cognitive performance. In the Talairach brain atlas, sulcal variability, within an AD population, approaches 1 cm. This large variability requires correction when functional imaging data are transformed into the Talairach atlas space to "normalize" individual morphologic differences.
Factorized Decision Trees for Active Learning in Recommender Systems

A key challenge in recommender systems is how to profile new users. A well-known solution for this problem is to use active learning techniques and ask the new user to rate a few items to reveal her preferences. The sequence of queries should not be static, i.e in each step the best query depends on the responses of the new user to the previous queries. Decision trees have been proposed to capture the dynamic aspect of this process. In this paper we improve decision trees in two ways. First, we propose the Most Popular Sampling (MPS) method to increase the speed of the tree construction. In each node, instead of checking all candidate items, only those which are popular among users associated with the node are examined. Second, we develop a new algorithm to build decision trees. It is called Factorized Decision Trees (FDT) and exploits matrix factorization to predict the ratings at nodes of the tree. The experimental results on the Netflix dataset show that both contributions are successful. The MPS increases the speed of the tree construction without harming the accuracy. And FDT improves the accuracy of rating predictions especially in the last queries.