Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ras oncogene mutation in multiple myeloma

The frequency of ras (H-, K-, and N-ras) and c-myc oncogenes was investigated in multiple myeloma (MM). By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/oligonucleotide hybridization method, DNA from 56 tumor biopsies was analyzed for the presence of activating mutations involving codons 12 and 61 of the H-, K-, and N-ras genes and codon 13 of the N-ras gene. Mutations, involving the N- or K-ras genes, were detected in 18 of 56 (32%) cases of which 12/43 (27%) were at diagnosis and 6/13 (46%) were after treatment. In some cases, multiple mutations affecting different ras alleles were detected. Direct nucleotide sequence analysis of PCR products indicated that a more heterogeneous nature of the base pair changes than previously shown for other tumors along with a preferential involvement of N-ras codon 61. The heterogeneity of MM cases with respect to the presence of ras oncogenes prompted an analysis of possible correlations with different clinico- pathologic characteristics of MM from which a correlation between the presence of ras oncogenes and a partial or complete lack of response to therapy emerged. The frequency of activating rearrangements or mutations of the c-myc gene were studied by Southern blot analysis and PCR sequencing, respectively. However, contrary to previous reports involving mostly MM cell lines, no structural alterations of the c-myc gene were found. These results indicate that ras, but not c-myc, oncogenes are activated in vivo in MM cells, representing the first oncogene alteration that has been associated at appreciable frequency with this type of malignancy. While the mechanism of occurrence and biological role of ras activation in MM remains to be elucidated, the preliminary correlations observed in this study between the presence of ras oncogenes and poor therapeutic response suggest that further investigations of the possible prognostic significance of these alterations are necessary.
Simultaneous Learning of Perceptions and Actions in Autonomous Robots

This paper presents a new learning approach for autonomous robots. Our system will learn simultaneously the perception – the set of states relevant to the task – and the action to execute on each state for the task-robotenvironment triad. The objective is to solve two problems that are found when learning new tasks with robots: interpretability of the learning process and number of parameters; and the complex design of the state space. The former was solved using a new reinforcement learning algorithm that tries to maximize the time before failure in order to obtain a control policy suitable to the desired behavior. The state representation will be created dynamically, starting with an empty state space and adding new states as the robot finds them, this makes unnecessary the creation of a predefined state representation, which is a tedious task.
The Use of Machine-generated Transcripts during Human Translation

At the request of the USG National Virtual Translation Center, the University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language conducted a study that assessed the role of several factors mediating transcript usefulness during translation tasks. These factors included source language (Mandarin or Modern Standard Arabic), native speaker status of the translators, transcript quality (low or moderate word error rate), and transcript functionality (static or dynamic). Using 54 Mandarin and 54 Arabic translators (half native speakers in each language) and broadcast news clips for input, the study demonstrated that translation environments that provide dynamic transcripts with low or moderate word error rates are likely to improve performance (measured as integrated speed and accuracy scores) among non-native speakers without decreasing performance among native speakers.
Learning to predict script events from domain-specific text

The automatic induction of scripts (Schank and Abelson, 1977) has been the focus of many recent works. In this paper, we employ a variety of these methods to learn Schank and Abelson’s canonical restaurant script, using a novel dataset of restaurant narratives we have compiled from a website called “Dinners from Hell. ” Our models learn narrative chains, script-like structures that we evaluate with the “narrative cloze” task (Chambers and Jurafsky, 2008).
A high-resolution modeling study of the 24 May 2002 dryline case during IHOP. part I: Numerical simulation and general evolution of the dryline and convection

Abstract Results from a high-resolution numerical simulation of the 24 May 2002 dryline convective initiation (CI) case are presented. The simulation uses a 400 km × 700 km domain with a 1-km horizontal resolution grid nested inside a 3-km domain and starts from an assimilated initial condition at 1800 UTC. Routine as well as special upper-air and surface observations collected during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) are assimilated into the initial condition. The initiation of convective storms at around 2015 UTC along a section of the dryline south of the Texas panhandle is correctly predicted, as is the noninitiation of convection at a cold-front–dryline intersection (triple point) located farther north. The timing and location of predicted CI are accurate to within 20 min and 25 km, respectively. The general evolution of the predicted convective line up to 6 h of model time also verifies well. Mesoscale convergence associated with the confluent flow around the dryline is shown to produce an u.
Extending MOOC ecosystems using web services and software architectures

This paper present a research project that tries to extend the MOOC ecosystems by integrating external tools like social networks. This integration is developed by using a software architecture that mediate between the different systems and platforms establishing communication workflows and analyzing the information retrieved. This kind of system is applied in a real case, and it allows teachers and managers of the MOOC platform to get enhanced information and insights about users interaction with contents and MOOC tools, as well as some metrics impossible to retrieve or calculate manually in this kind of eLearning platforms with high amounts of users.
Complexity-scalable HEVC encoding

HEVC encoders impose several challenges in resource-constrained embedded applications, especially under real-time and battery constraints. This paper proposes a complexity-scalable encoder that is able to achieve considerable time savings while maintaining an efficient rate-distortion-complexity tradeoff. To design the system, a complexity analysis of HEVC-supported parameters as well as new ones introduced in this work is presented. To build the configurations for each target savings, a Complexity Target Satisfaction algorithm was designed. This algorithm was able to reduce the optimization space by approximately 600 times, producing efficient configurations with up to 90% time savings. The complete system was implemented and tested against a state-of-the-art complexity management implementation. The results proved the efficiency of our solution, as it achieves more time savings and better compression for savings of 60% and higher.
A prosodically labeled database of spontaneous speech

This paper describes a prosodically labeled database of conversational speech, representing a subset of the Switchboard and Callhome corpora. The prosodic transcription system is a simplification of the ToBI system aimed at phenomena that would be most useful for automatic transcription and linguistic analysis of conversational speech. The transcription method and a distributional analysis of the types of prosodic events are described.
One-week low-dose triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of two 1-week low-dose triple therapy regimens for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eighty patients with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease (n = 64) or functional dyspepsia (n = 16), with similar demographic and clinical characteristics, were treated for 1 week with either omeprazole 20 mg once in the morning and clarithromycin 250 mg and metronidazole 400 mg twice daily (OCM; n = 40) or with omeprazole 20 mg once in the morning and clarithromycin 250 mg and tetracycline 500 mg twice daily (OCT; n = 40). H. pylori infection was assessed by urease test, culture and histology performed before and 4 (or more) weeks after cessation of the eradication therapy. RESULTS H. pylori infection was treated successfully in 38 out of 40 patients by OCM and in 26 out of 40 patients by OCT (95 versus 65%, respectively; P = 0.0015). The OCM regimen was well tolerated in all patients except for one who complained of epigastric pain. Three patients on the OCT regimen reported side effects (abdominal pain, diarrhoea, pruritus), two of whom discontinued the study medication after 1 day. CONCLUSIONS The 1-week low-dose triple therapy comprising omeprazole, clarithromycin and metronidazole was highly effective in eradicating H. pylori and was well tolerated. The replacement of metronidazole by tetracycline resulted in a significant decrease in the eradication rate.
The effect of restorative justice practices on crime victims : a meta-analysis

When the restorative justice idea is implemented, its goals and values might not be entirely pursued clue to various factors such as penal goals, relevant social theories, cultural difference, and the values and norms of people in society. These factors might have an influence on its practices as well as its electiveness. Moreover, empirical evidence relating to the effect of restorative justice practices on crime victims is not consistent and casts doubt on its reliability and validity. These limitations snake it uncertain that restorative justice practices can restore victims. Therefore, this research study aims to investigate the actual effect by systematically analysing quantitative and qualitative findings of the existing studies conducted in various countries, compare the effect between different restorative justice practices. i. e. conferencing and mediation and the conventional criminal justice system: and investigate factors relating, to the effect. i. e. , case characteristics, scheme characteristics and study characteristics. The meta-analytical method is used to analyse research findings collected from 17 restorative justice schemes implemented in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United States and United Kingdom. Results from the meta-analysis confirm that comer acing and mediation have a profound effect on the outcomes of victim satisfaction, perception of fairness, fear of revictimisation, attitude toward offenders, agreement completion, and receiving of an apology. The effect ranges from 2 to 12 times as opposed to the conventional justice system with the highest on the outcome of the receiving of an apology and the lowest on the outcome of the perception of fairness. Two outcomes are examined further and results show that restorative justice practices are likely to increase victim satisfaction and perception of fairness among victims of serious cases more so than among victims of less serious cases. In addition, they are likely to increase victim satisfaction and perception of fairness on victim's attitude toward the way their cases were handled than the case outcomes. These findings confirm the importance of the restorative process and suggest that restorative justice schemes should put more emphasis on serious cases.
Implementation and Verification of a Nodally-Integrated Tetrahedral Element in FEBio

Finite element simulations in computational biomechanics commonly require the discretization of extremely complicated geometries. Creating meshes for these complex geometries can be very difficult and time consuming using hexahedral elements. Automatic meshing algorithms exist for tetrahedral elements, but these elements often have numerical problems that discourage their use in complex finite element models. To overcome these problems we have implemented a stabilized, nodally-integrated tetrahedral element formulation in FEBio, our in-house developed finite element code, allowing researchers to use linear tetrahedral elements in their models and still obtain accurate solutions. In addition to facilitating automatic mesh generation, this also allows researchers to use mesh refinement algorithms which are fairly well developed for tetrahedral elements but not so much for hexahedral elements. In this document, the implementation of the stabilized, nodallyintegrated, tetrahedral element, named the “UT4 element”, is described. Two slightly different variations of the nodally integrated tetrahedral element are considered. In one variation the entire virtual work is stabilized and in the other one the stabilization is only applied to the isochoric part of the virtual work. The implementation of both formulations has been verified and the convergence behavior illustrated using the patch test and three verification problems. Also, a model from our laboratory with very complex geometry is discretized and analyzed using the UT4 element to show its utility for a problem from the biomechanics literature. The convergence behavior of the UT4 element does vary depending on problem, tetrahedral mesh structure and choice of formulation parameters, but the results from the verification problems should assure analysts that a converged solution using the UT4 element can be obtained that is more accurate than the solution from a classical linear tetrahedral formulation.
Role of cardiac myocyte tissue factor in heart hemostasis

Summary. Background: The tissue‐specific pattern of tissue factor (TF) expression suggests that it plays a major role in the hemostatic protection of specific organs, such as the heart and lung. In support of this notion, we found that mice expressing very low levels of TF exhibit hemostatic defects in the heart and lung. Hemosiderosis and fibrosis are observed in the hearts of all low TF mice as early as 3 months of age. In contrast, TF+/– mice expressing ∼50% of wild‐type levels of TF had no detectable hemostatic defects. Objective and methods: The objective of this study was to determine the threshold of TF that is required to maintain hemostasis under normal and pathologic conditions, and to investigate the specific role of cardiac myocyte TF in heart hemostasis using mice with altered levels of TF expression in cardiac myocytes. Results: First, we found that mice with 20% of wild‐type levels of TF activity in their hearts had hemosiderosis and fibrosis by 6 months of age. Secondly, mice with a selective deletion of the TF gene in cardiac myocytes had a mild hemostatic defect under normal conditions but exhibited a significant increase in hemosiderosis and fibrosis after challenge with isoproterenol. Finally, we showed that cardiac myocyte‐specific overexpression of TF abolished hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis in the hearts of low TF mice. Conclusions: Taken together, our results indicate that TF expression by cardiac myocytes is important to maintain heart hemostasis under normal and pathologic conditions.
Design of fuzzy controller using genetic algorithms with new mutation operator

This paper proposes a new method to design a fuzzy logic controller by genetic algorithms (GAs). The basic idea of this new methodology is to use a new way to mutate the chromosome. Bio-process control problem is used to compare the proposed mutation to traditional mutation. The results show that the proposed mutation efficiently improves GA's performance.
Projection Using Regression and Sensors

In this paper, we consider the projection task (determining what does or does not hold after performing a sequence of actions) in a general setting where a solution to the frame problem may or may not be available, and where online information from sensors may or may not be applicable. We formally characterize the projection task for actions theories of this sort, and show how a generalized form of regression produces correct answers whenever it can be used. We characterize conditions on action theories, sequences of actions, and sensing information that are sufficient to guarantee that regression can be used, and present a provably correct regressionbased procedure in Prolog for performing the task under these conditions.
RoboCup Rescue A Grand Challenge for Multiagent and Intelligent Systems

issues that involves very large numbers of heterogeneous agents in the hostile environment. The intention of the RoboCup Rescue project is to promote research and development in this socially significant domain at various levels, involving multiagent teamwork coordination, physical agents for search and rescue, information infrastructures, personal digital assistants, a standard simulator and decision-support systems, evaluation benchmarks for rescue strategies, and robotic systems that are all integrated into a comprehensive system in the future. For this effort, which was built on the success of the RoboCup Soccer project, we will provide forums of technical discussions and competitive evaluations for researchers and practitioners. Although the rescue domain is intuitively appealing as a large-scale multiagent and intelligent system domain, analysis has not yet revealed its domain characteristics. The first research evaluation meeting will be held at RoboCup-2001, in conjunction with the Seventeenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-2001), as part of the RoboCup Rescue Simulation League and RoboCup/AAAI Rescue Robot Competition. In this article, we present a detailed analysis of the task domain and elucidate characteristics necessary for multiagent and intelligent systems for this domain. Then, we present an overview of the RoboCup Rescue project.
The KRAB Zinc Finger Protein RSL1 Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in Liver and Adipose Tissue To Maintain Metabolic Homeostasis

ABSTRACT Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) are a huge family of vertebrate-specific repressors that modify gene expression in an epigenetic manner. Despite a well-defined repression mechanism, few biological roles or gene targets of KRAB-ZFP are known. Regulator of sex-limitation 1 (RSL1) is a mouse KRAB-ZFP that enforces male-predominant expression in the liver, affecting body mass and pubertal timing. Here we show that female but not male Rsl1−/− mice gain more weight than wild-type mice on a high-fat diet (HFD) and that key liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolic genes are altered in both Rsl1−/− sexes in response to dietary stress. Expression profiling of Rsl1-sensitive genes in liver and WAT indicates that RSL1 accentuates sex-biased gene expression in liver but greatly diminishes it in WAT. RSL1 expression solely in liver is sufficient to limit diet-induced weight gain and suppress lipogenic genes in WAT, indicating that RSL1 balances metabolism via liver-to-adipose-tissue communication. RSL1's effects on adult physiology exemplify a significant modulatory capacity of KRAB-ZFPs, in the absence of which there is widespread metabolic dysregulation. This ability to buffer against gene expression noise, coupled with extensive individual genetic variation, highlights the enormous potential of KRAB-Zfp genes as candidate risk factors for complex diseases.
Imagination in Discourse

With his first words, an indistinct smell of blood seemed to spread out, and an extraordinarily faint taste settled on my lips. His voice might have sounded apologetic, but it forced its pictures into me with razor sharpness, like icy needles of acute torment. It wasn’t just that the torture and instruments of torture were described in the executioners’ words of suppressed ecstasy. It was that the listener himself was dragged into this hellish torture. He lay as a victim on the gently rocking rack, and each new word, like a new thorn, tore slowly into his back.
Are Young Children With Cochlear Implants Sensitive to the Statistics of Words in the Ambient Spoken Language?

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with cochlear implants (CIs) are sensitive to statistical characteristics of words in the ambient spoken language, whether that sensitivity changes in expected ways as their spoken lexicon grows, and whether that sensitivity varies with unilateral or bilateral implantation. METHOD We analyzed archival data collected from the parents of 36 children who received cochlear implantation (20 unilateral, 16 bilateral) before 24 months of age. The parents reported their children's word productions 12 months after implantation using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences (Fenson et al., 1993). We computed the number of words, out of 292 possible monosyllabic nouns, verbs, and adjectives, that each child was reported to say and calculated the average phonotactic probability, neighborhood density, and word frequency of the reported words. RESULTS Spoken vocabulary size positively correlated with average phonotactic probability and negatively correlated with average neighborhood density, but only in children with bilateral CIs. CONCLUSION At 12 months postimplantation, children with bilateral CIs demonstrate sensitivity to statistical characteristics of words in the ambient spoken language akin to that reported for children with normal hearing during the early stages of lexical development. Children with unilateral CIs do not.
A spectrally mixed excitation (SMX) vocoder with robust parameter determination

Sinusoidal speech coders have been widely studied for low bit rate coding around 4 kbit/s. However, the estimation error of the sinusoidal model parameters would seriously degrade the speech quality. In general, the estimation errors are caused by the effects of various types of speech signal or background noise. In this paper we propose a sinusoidal speech coder with robust parameter determination methods. They consist of spectro-temporal autocorrelation method for robust pitch determination, frequency shifting method for robust voicing level measurement, and residual-spectrum magnitude coding method for spectral magnitude compensation. From the experimental results, we can find the robustnesses of the proposed techniques. In addition, informal listening test of the synthesized speech confirms the effectiveness of the incorporated schemes.
Ramosetron for the Prevention of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Emesis: A Prospective Randomized Comparison with Granisetron

Control of nausea and vomiting is very important in determining patient compliance with cisplatin chemotherapy. A multicentre, randomized, single-blind study was conducted to compare the tolerability and efficacy of ramosetron with those of granisetron over 24 h following cisplatin administration to cancer patients. In eight study centres, a total of 194 adult patients were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous ramosetron 0.3 mg or intravenous granisetron 3.0 mg. The anti-emetic effect of ramosetron determined from the no-vomiting rate lasted longer, but there was no significant difference in the number of acute vomiting episodes or the severity of nausea between the two groups. In the tolerability evaluation, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups, except for a higher incidence of dull headache in the granisetron group. Ramosetron and granisetron appear to have equivalent efficacy and tolerability profiles, but the effects of ramosetron on the prevention of acute vomiting in patients undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy were longer lasting.