Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multi-level zone based hybrid service discovery protocol for mobile ad-hoc grid

Hybrid service discovery is introduced as an efficient service discovery protocol in mobile ad-hoc grid witch has a good compromise between response time and network traffic overhead. In this paper we modify the basic idea of this protocol called Zone. We use multi-level zone in our proposal and called the protocol as multi-level hybrid service discovery protocol. Our algorithm tries to provide the advantage of larger zone with only a little increase of network traffic overhead. We used two levels of zone, inner zone and outer zone which we called internal zone and external zone, respectively. Difference between two zones issued from their advertisement frequency. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm has better performance in network's traffic and response time than traditional hybrid service discovery protocol.
Revenge of the Steamroller: ABCP as a Window on Risk Choices

We use credit-arbitrage asset-backed commercial paper vehicles as a laboratory to empirically examine financial institutions’ motivations to take bad-tail systematic risk. By comparing the characteristics of global banks that sponsored credit-arbitrage vehicles prior to the global financial crisis to those that did not, we show that owner–manager agency problems, government safety nets, and government ownership of banks are associated with bad-tail systematic risk-taking. Although good governance is associated with less risk-taking on average, well-governed banks that also have a high ex ante expectation of being bailed out by the government take more risk. Lastly, we find mixed evidence that tougher bank capital regulation deters bad-tail risk-taking.
Coordinating Replenishment Cycles in Three-Stage Inventory-Distribution Supply Chains

There have been many studies on two-stage supply models. Because supply chains are increasingly more complicated, this study considers the three-stage supply chain configurations which involve multiple companies at each stage and each company at the upstream stages can supply two or more customers. The coordination mechanisms for the members along the chain are achieved in the following two aspects: (i) each company takes general-integer (GI), stationary and nested inventory replenishment policies; (ii) two differential transportation costs are incorporated into the ordering and inventory costs. This paper analyzes the cost properties such that we can develop an efficient heuristic method to deal with the three-stage inventory-distribution problems (TSIDP). The relative outcomes between our proposed heuristic approach and LINGO® software indicate that the former outperforms the latter.
Stability of Model-Based Networked Control System with Quantized Feedback

Stability of model-based networked control systems is considered in view of the quantization effect which exists generally in networked setting. It is to be noted that the stability rests with the quantization errors at every transmission time. For different initial quantization errors, necessary and sufficient conditions for system to be globally exponentially stable or the stable regions of the system are presented. The results provide a way to establish the relationship between quantization, update time, modeling error and system stability. Simulation examples are used to illustrate the main results.
Growth Optimal Portfolio Insurance for Long-Term Investors

We solve for the growth-rate optimal multiplier of a portfolio insurance strategy in the general case with a locally risky reserve asset and stochastic state variables. The level of the optimal time-varying multiplier turns out to be lower than the standard constant multiplier of CPPI for common parameter values. As a consequence the outperformance of the growth-optimal portfolio insurance strategy (GOPI) does not come with higher risk. In presence of mean-reverting stock returns the average allocation to stocks increases with horizon and the optimal multiplier introduces a counter-cyclical 'tactical' component to the strategy. Furthermore, we unveil a positive relationship between the value of the strategy and the correlation between the underlying assets.
Application of Neural Network Techniques on Nonlinear Channel Equalization for 16-QAM Modulation Systems

The design of a Chebyshev functional link artificial neural networks (CFLANN) based channel equalizer in digital communication systems is discussed in this paper. The design has been successfully applied to digital communication systems in which 16-QAM modulated signals are transmitted. To improve equalizer performance, a decision feedback mechanism is used in the networks (DF-CFLANN). But the computational complexity of DF-CFLANN is about 60% higher than CFLANN. In this paper, we propose a reduced decision feedback Chebyshev functional link artificial neural network (RDF-CFLANN) which not only has simple structure, but also exhibits better performance to DF-CFLANN.
Sketch2Tag: automatic hand-drawn sketch recognition

In this work, we introduce the Sketch2Tag system for hand-drawn sketch recognition. Due to large variations presented in hand-drawn sketches, most of existing work was limited to a particular domain or limited predefined classes. Different from existing work, Sketch2Tag is a general sketch recognition system, towards recognizing any semantically meaningful object that a child can recognize. This system enables a user to draw a sketch on the query panel, and then provides real-time recognition results. To increase the recognition coverage, a web-scale clipart image collection is leveraged as the knowledge base of the recognition system. Better understanding a user's drawing will be of great value to a variety of applications, such as, improving the sketch-based image search by combining the recognition results as textual queries.
A nonlinear diffusion model for discontinuous disparity and half-occlusions in stereo

Most stereo algorithms do not take into account discontinuities in disparity and the fact that there are half-occlusions consisting of areas seen by one eye but not the other. Very few are formulated using the framework of energy functionals. A formulation that lies within such a framework and addresses the discontinuities and half-occlusions is presented. The formulation follows directly from the assumption that, when matching the left and right images, the order of points must be preserved. A model consisting of two coupled energy functions, corresponding to the two eyes, is presented. They are coupled in the sense that the discontinuity locus determined by one eye also determines the occluded area in the image seen by the other eye. A nonlinear system of diffusion equations is derived by simultaneously applying gradient descent to these functionals. The diffusion equations are implemented by a finite-difference scheme. <<ETX>>
A 2.4-2.5 GHz Singly Balanced Diode Mixer for Up and Down Conversions

In this paper, a singly balanced diode mixer has been analyzed designed in a 2.4-2.5 GHz band for up and down conversions. The mixer is realized with silicon Schottky diode BAT 15-03 W from Infineon technologies and simulated by using Agilent's advanced design system (ADS) based on a harmonic balance method. The conversion gain about -4.7 dB for up conversion and -5.6 dB for down conversion have been reported. The port to port isolations of higher than 25 dB have been obtained.
Preconditioners for least squares problems by LU factorization.

Iterative methods are often suitable for solving least-squares problems min k Ax (cid:0) b k2 , where A 2 R m(cid:2)n is large and sparse. The use of the conjugate gradient method with a nonsingular square submatrix A1 2 R n(cid:2)n of A as preconditioner was ﬁrst suggested by L¨auchli in 1961. This conjugate gradient method has recently been extended by Yuan to generalized least-squares problems. In this paper we consider the problem of ﬁnding a suitable submatrix A1 and its LU factorization for a sparse rectangular matrix A . We give three algorithms based on the sparse LU factorization algorithm by Gilbert and Peierls. Numerical results are given, which indicate that our preconditioners can be effective.
Fast Algorithm for Registration of Free-Form Curves and Surfaces

AhstructA novel approach has been developed for fast registration of two sets of 3D curves or surfaces. The technique is an extension of Besl and Mackay’s iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. This technique solves the computation complexity associated with this algorithm hy applying a novel grid closest point (GCP) transform and a genetic algorithm to minimize the the cost function. A detailed description of the algorithm is presented together with a comparison of its performance vs several registration techniques. Registration using the GCP/GA technique is found to be significantly more faster and of comparable accuracy than other techniques that had been &veloped so far.
Comparison of gaze-to-objects mapping algorithms

Gaze data processing is an important and necessary step in gaze-based applications. This study focuses on the comparison of several gaze-to-object mapping algorithms using various dwell times for selection and presenting targets of several types and sizes. Seven algorithms found in literature were compared against two newly designed algorithms. The study revealed that a fractional mapping algorithm (known) has produced the highest rate of correct selections and fastest selection times, but also the highest rate of incorrect selections. The dynamic competing algorithm (designed) has shown the next best result, but also high rate of incorrect selections. A small impact on the type of target to the calculated statistics has been observed. A strictly centered gazing has helped to increase the rate of correct selections for all algorithms and types of targets. The directions for further mapping algorithms improvement and future investigation have been explained.
A Power Saving Sleep Scheduling Based on Transmission Power Control for Wireless Sensor Networks

The relate technologies of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an essential research in the future. The sensor nodes of WSNs can only use limited energy like battery. When the energy has been exhausted, WSNs cannot work anymore. In order to extend the lifetime of WSNs, the management of the sensors¡¦ energy is an important issue. The Sleep Schedule addressed on ¡§A Power Control Mechanism based on Sleep Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks¡¨ cannot guarantee that neighbor node has ability to do transmission. Use the improved algorithm and the original algorithm to do simulation comparison. The improved algorithm which is better than the network without sleep scheduling algorithm can complete 40 rounds and has no data loss. As a result, the improved algorithm proposed in this thesis can effectively resolve the data loss problem of the original algorithm.
Investigating lensing by absorbers in the 2dF-quasar survey

We use the first data release of the 2-degree Field quasar survey to investigate the effect of gravitational magnification by foreground absorbing systems on background quasars. We select two populations of quasars from this sample: one with strong Mg II/Fe II absorbers and one without. The selection is done in such a way that the two populations have the same redshift distribution and the absorber detection procedure discards possible biases with quasar magnitude. We then compare their magnitude distributions and find a relative excess of bright quasars with absorbers. This effect is detected at the 2.4, 3.7 and 4.4sigma levels in u-, b- and r-bands. Various explanations of the observed phenomenon are considered and several lines of evidence point towards gravitational lensing causing some of the differences observed in the magnitude distributions. We note that physical quasar-absorber associations may contribute to some extent to the observed correlations for low quasar-absorber velocity differences. We discuss the implications of these findings and propose future work which will allow us to strengthen and extend the results presented here.
Improving the accuracy of the Lagrange interpolator in MLFMA

Improving the accuracy of the interpolation is one of the effective ways to control the overall accuracy of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA). In this paper, a method, in which the number of interpolation sampling points are increased together with the poles are added as sampling points, is investigated to improve the interpolation accuracy. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
An integrated neighbor discovery and MAC protocol for ad hoc networks using directional antennas

Many MAC sub-layer protocols for supporting the use of directional antennas in ad hoc networks have been proposed. However, there remain two open issues that are yet to be resolved completely. First, in order to exploit fully the spatial diversity gains due to the use of directional antennas, it is essential to shift to the exclusive use of directional antennas for the transmission and reception of all the upper layers frames. This facilitates maximal spatial re-use and effaces the phenomenon of asymmetry in gain. Second, in the presence of mobility, the MAC protocol should incorporate mechanisms by which a node can efficiently locate and track its neighbors. We propose a new polling based MAC protocol that addresses both the issues in an integrated way. We perform analysis and extensive simulations to understand the performance of our scheme in terms of its ability to maintain connectivity, the achieved utilization efficiency, and throughput. We find that each node, on average, can achieve a per node utilization of about 80% in static and about 45% in mobile scenarios. Our protocol is seen to outperform both the traditional IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol and previously proposed protocols for use with directional antennas that provide partial solutions to solve the aforementioned problems. Finally, we also study the sensitivity of our protocol to various system parameters.
Scene recognition algorithm based on multi-feature and weighted minimum distance classifier for digital hearing aids

The recognition precision of the existing auditory scene recognition algorithms is relatively satisfactory, but they can only be applied to several noise scenarios, and it can't meet the performance requirements of digital hearing aids in complex environment. In order to solve the above problems, scene recognition algorithm based on multi-feature and weighted minimum distance classifier is proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, the speech endpoint detection algorithm based on the band-partitioning spectral entropy and spectral energy is used to divide the noisy speech into speech segment and noise segment. Then the characteristics such as Critical Band Ratio and band-partitioning spectral entropy as well as adaptive short-time zero crossing rate of each segment are extracted for the weighted minimum distance classifier to recognize the noise scenario. The experiments result shows that the proposed algorithm has strong robustness and high accuracy. It's suitable to be applied in digital hearing aids.
Light-cone distribution functions forBdecays at subleading order in1/mb

We construct the higher twist structure functions that describe inclusive b hadron decays in regions of phase space where the hadronic decay products carry high energy but have low invariant mass. We show that, for B meson decays, there are four new non-vanishing matrix elements of non-local operators. We show that to subleading twist these decays are parametrized in terms of four functions. We compute the tree-level matching for a general heavy-to-light current and apply it to B ! Xs. Using a simple model for these functions we estimate the subleading twist contributions to this decay.
Analysis performances of Laser Range Finder and blue LED for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV)

This paper described a new technique for obstacle avoidance or depth control using a laser range finder and blue LED and then applied to Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). AUV is equipped with a variety of sensors and components depending upon the missions and applications. One of the main issues in developing the AUV is complex systems and also the cost. AUV must be able to interpret its environment by gathering information from its sensors with higher accuracy. This is due to unpredicted condition in an underwater where a serious collision might occur if this kind of sensory system is not effected. The objective of this project is to develop a new sensory system to depth control using the Laser Range Finder (LRF). LRF as a tool to measure and detect obstacles at a certain range. Then, the performance of LRF is investigated in terms of ranges, accuracy and material detected. The components used are Arduino Nano as microcontrollers, 5 mm blue LED (receiver) and LRF (transmitter) that will able to focusing on depth control. The result obtained that the LRF will be able to detect obstacles up to 80 cm to maintain at certain depth and good in accuracy.
A Near-Infrared Photometric Study of the Low-Latitude Globular Clusters Liller 1, Djorgovski 1, HP 1, and NGC 6528

Images recorded through J,H,Ks,2.2 μm continuum, and 2.3 μm CO filters are used to investigate the stellar contents of the low Galactic latitude globular clusters NGC 6528, Liller 1, Djorgovski 1, and HP 1, as well as surrounding bulge fields. Metallicities are estimated for the latter three clusters by comparing the colors and CO indexes of giant branch stars with those in other clusters and the bulge, while reddenings are estimated from the colors of bright bulge stars in the surrounding fields. In some cases the metallicities and reddenings are significantly different from previous estimates. The horizontal branch (HB) in NGC 6528 occurs at K = 13.2, and the K luminosity function of HB stars in this cluster is not significantly different from those in the moderately metal-rich clusters NGC 6304 and NGC 6316. R′, the ratio of HB to bright red giant branch (RGB) and asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, is 1.25 ± 0.25, in good agreement with its value in other globular clusters. The RGB bump in NGC 6528 is detected at K = 13.8, and the relative brightness of this feature with respect to the HB is consistent with the cluster being very metal rich. The HB in Liller 1 occurs at K = 14.4. Stars in Liller 1 have smaller J-K colors and CO indexes than bulge giants with the same brightness, and a comparison between the Liller 1 and NGC 6528 sequences on the (K, J-K), and (K,CO) color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) indicates that Liller 1 has a metallicity comparable to, and perhaps even slightly lower than, that of NGC 6528. Stars in Liller 1 and NGC 6528 occupy the same region of the (J-H, H-K) two-color diagram as bulge giants, which is consistent with these clusters forming as part of the bulge. Stars in Djorgovski 1 and HP 1 have significantly smaller CO indexes than stars with the same brightness in the surrounding bulge fields, and CMDs for these clusters are constructed by selecting objects according to CO index. After adjusting for differences in distance and reddening, the Djorgovski 1 giant branch on the (K, J-K) CMD is well matched by that of the [Fe/H] = -2.2 cluster M92, while the giant branch of HP 1 follows that of the [Fe/H] = -1.6 globular cluster M13. The metallicities inferred for both clusters are consistent with integrated J-K colors and CO indexes measured through moderately large (∼35″-45″) apertures. Based on the brightness of the RGB tip, it is concluded that Djorgovski 1 has a distance modulus μ0 = 15.4, while the distance modulus of HP 1 is μ0 = 14.7. The brightest stars in the fields surrounding Liller 1, Djorgovski 1, and HP 1 follow the same relation between MK and CO index as M giants in Baade's window. Stars as faint as the HB have been detected in the field surrounding HP 1, and the relative numbers of HB and upper giant branch stars indicate that R′ = 1.14 ± 0.11. This relatively low value reinforces earlier studies, which found that R′, and hence the helium abundance, likely does not vary with radius in the innermost regions of the Galactic bulge.
Towards Building a Competitive Opinion Summarization System: Challenges and Keys

This paper presents an overview of our participation in the TAC 2008 Opinion Pilot Summarization task, as well as the proposed and evaluated post-competition improvements. We first describe our opinion summarization system and the results obtained. Further on, we identify the system's weak points and suggest several improvements, focused both on information content, as well as linguistic and readability aspects. We obtain encouraging results, especially as far as F-measure is concerned, outperforming the competition results by approximately 80%.
Intraday Variability of Sagittarius A* at 3 Millimeters

We report observations and analysis of flux monitoring of Sagittarius A* at 3 mm wavelength using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory millimeter interferometer over a period of 8 days (2002 May 23-30). Frequent phase and flux referencing (every 5 minutes) with the nearby calibrator source J1744-312 was employed to control for instrumental and atmospheric effects. Time variations are sought by computing and subtracting, from each visibility in the database, an average visibility obtained from all the data acquired in our monitoring program having similar u-v spacings. This removes the confusing effects of baseline-dependent, correlated flux interference caused by the static, thermal emission from the extended source Sgr A West. Few-day variations up to ~20% and intraday variability of ~20% and in some cases up to ~40% on few-hour timescales emerge from the differenced data on Sgr A*. Power spectra of the residuals indicate the presence of hourly variations on all but 2 of the 8 days. Monte Carlo simulation of red-noise light curves indicates that the hourly variations are well described by a red-noise power spectrum with P(f) ∝ f-1. Of particular interest is an ~2.5 hr variation seen prominently on 2 consecutive days. An average power spectrum from all 8 days of data reveals noteworthy power on this timescale. There is some indication that few-hour variations are more pronounced on days when the average daily flux is highest. We briefly discuss the possibility that these few-hour variations are due to the dynamical modulation of accreting gas around the central supermassive black hole as well as the implications for the structure of the Sgr A* photosphere at 3 mm. Finally, these data have enabled us to produce a high-sensitivity 3 mm map of the extended thermal emission surrounding Sgr A*.
Network Working Group

Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Cryptographic Authentication Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes the authentication of Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) Protocol Data Units (PDUs) using the Hashed Message Authentication Codes-Message Digest 5 (HMAC-MD5) algorithm as found in RFC 2104. IS-IS is specified in International Standards Organization (ISO) 10589, with extensions to support Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) described in RFC 1195. The base specification includes an authentication mechanism that allows for multiple authentication algorithms. The base specification only specifies the algorithm for cleartext passwords. This document proposes an extension to that specification that allows the use of the HMAC-MD5 authentication algorithm to be used in conjunction with the existing authentication mechanisms.