Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical stability and stabilization of Groebner basis computation

In this paper we consider the problem of the use of approximate arithmetics in Gröbner basis computation. This is useful to reduce the cost of integer arithmetic, but is especially necessary for overdetermined systems whose coefficients are only approximately known.We report on some numerical experiments, that show that the intrinsic instability of the problem is high but not such as to make the problem unmanageable, and that there is space to improve the numerical stability of the algorithms.We suggest some algorithms to deal with the case of overdetermined and unstable systems.
Risk Assessment Using Two Different Diagnostic Tools: Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk Score (SCORE)—Data from a Weight Reduction Intervention Study

Objective: Risk score models and the diagnosis of a metabolic syndrome are useful for cardiovascular (CV) risk prediction. The identification of individuals with high CV and metabolic risk is essential to provide appropriate prevention and therapy. The present study aims at clarifying whether these indicators are altered by a weight reduction programme. Additionally, which diagnostic tool has a better predictive value is examined. Method: One hundred and twenty overweight and obese subjects aged 30 60 years were included in a 12-week weight reduction programme. The CV risk was assessed by means of German multiple-used risk charts (SCORE) at baseline and at the end of the trial. Furthermore, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (three out of five risk factors) was quantified. Results: The initial prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 63.3% (n = 76) and decreased to 41.7% (n = 50) by the end of the intervention. The SCORE also decreased significantly after twelve weeks (p 5%) was comparatively low (t0: 7.4%, n = 7; t12: 5.3%, n = 5). Conclusion: The weight reduction concept was applicable to improve the CV risk SCORE and decrease the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The CV 10-year risk calculated using German risk charts (SCORE) probably underestimated the risk of CV diseases in this collective. In this case, the diagnosis of a metabolic syndrome is more meaningful than risk SCORE calculations.
Role of immunoglobulin in neuronal apoptosis in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic ischemic brain injury

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of immunoglobulin (Ig) in a neonatal hypoxic ischemic (HI) rat model. Seven-day-old rat pups were randomly assigned to control, hypoxia and hypoxia + Ig groups. The rats in the hypoxia +Ig group were intraperitoneally administered 1 g/kg Ig once, immediately after hypoxia. Saline was administered to the rats in the hypoxia group at the same time point. Eight rats from each of the Ig + hypoxia and hypoxia groups were sacrificed by decapitation 4 and 24 h following the administration of Ig or saline. The rats of the control group were sacrificed at the 4 h time-point. Caspase-3 activity, as well as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, were studied in the left ischemic hemispheres. Induction of cerebral ischemia increased the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression levels significantly at 4 and 24 h in the left ischemic hemispheres in the hypoxia group compared with those in the control group. The systemic administration of Ig following HI encephalopathy significantly reduced the TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA expression levels in the ischemic tissue in the Ig + hypoxia group compared with those in the hypoxia group. In the hypoxia group, caspase-3 activity in the left half of the brain was found to be significantly increased compared with that in the control group. Caspase-3 activity in the Ig + hypoxia group was significantly lower than that in the hypoxia group. The observations of the present study indicate that Ig administration may be an efficient treatment approach for reducing cerebral apoptosis associated with hypoxic ischemia.
Depth‐integrated, non‐hydrostatic model for wave breaking and run‐up

This paper describes the formulation, verification, and validation of a depth‐integrated, non‐hydrostatic model with a semi‐implicit, finite difference scheme. The formulation builds on the nonlinear shallow‐water equations and utilizes a non‐hydrostatic pressure term to describe weakly dispersive waves. A momentum‐conserved advection scheme enables modeling of breaking waves without the aid of analytical solutions for bore approximation or empirical equations for energy dissipation. An upwind scheme extrapolates the free‐surface elevation instead of the flow depth to provide the flux in the momentum and continuity equations. This greatly improves the model stability, which is essential for computation of energetic breaking waves and run‐up. The computed results show very good agreement with laboratory data for wave propagation, transformation, breaking, and run‐up. Since the numerical scheme to the momentum and continuity equations remains explicit, the implicit non‐hydrostatic solution is directly applicable to existing nonlinear shallow‐water models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Family adaptability, family cohesion, spirituality and caregiver strain in women as caregivers of elder kin

A descriptive correlational study investigated the relationships between family adaptability, family cohesion, spirituality, and caregiver strain in women who are caregivers of elder kin. Four questionnaires were administered to a convience sample of 40 women aged 32 to 77. The majority of the caregivers (77.5%) were ! daughters of the elders, with 40% working full time outside of the home. The mean number of months the caregivers had been providing caregiving activity to their elder was 87.5 or 7.3 years with a mean of 43.5 hours per week or 6.2 hours per day. The majority (45%) of the subjects rated their health at least as good as their age cohort and 60% rated their health as about the same since becoming a caregiver. The elders ranged in age from 72 to 99, the majority (87.5%) were female and 65 percent lived with the caregiver. No statistically significant relationship was found between family adaptability, family cohesion, spirituality, and caregiver strain. However, the data identified statistically significant relationships between the model variables and demographic variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that only 10% of the variance in caregiver strain is explained by family adaptability, family cohesion, and spirituality.
MicroRNA-181 a inhibits autophagy by targeting Atg 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Available evidence suggests that autophagy may serve as a tumor suppressor in cases of chronic liver disease and liver cirrhosis and that autophagic deficiency may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent studies suggested that the development of several tumor types could be regulated by microRNA181a. However, the role of miR-181a in the autophagy of HCC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-181a in the autophagy of HCC. We found that the mRNA expression of miR-181a is higher but the level of autophagy is lower in human HCC compared to normal liver tissue. A luciferase assay confirmed that Atg5 is the target gene of miR181a. Moreover, the results showed that an miR181a sponge increased apoptosis in HepG2 cells and reduced the growth of tumors in a HepG2 cell xenograft tumor model. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-181a can inhibit autophagy in HCC by targeting Atg5, resulting in decreased apoptosis of HCC cells and increased tumor growth. 2. INTRODUCTION
Latin American Squatter Settlements: A Problem and a Solution

Squatter settlements have formed around large cities throughout the world, mushrooming particularly since the end of World War II. In an excellent preview to a forthcoming book, Turner (1966) has discussed some common features among squatter settlements in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. Morse (1965a) has also referred to squatter communities and to general characteristics of Latin American urbanization in an article in this journal. Without repeating the work of Turner and Morse I would like to present a preliminary survey of Latin American squatter settlements with a model of their formation, growth, and social development that contradicts many views held by planners, politicians, newspapermen, and much of the general population, including many residents of the settlements themselves.Several writers have referred to various local names given to squatter communities: colonies proletarias in Mexico, barriadas brujas in Panama, ranchos in Venezuela, barriadas in Peru, callampas in Chile, cantegriles in Uruguay, favelas in Brazil, and, in other places, marginal areas, clandestine urbanizations, barrios of invasion, parachutists, phantom towns, etc. There are no general works on the subject, but some good descriptions of local conditions do exist. The major sources used are listed by country in note 2. Not many sources are available and, unfortunately, several appear only in mimeographed form. The reports point out that squatter populations consist mainly of low income families but all of the authors distinguish between squatter settlements and other types of lower class housing in tenements, alleys (callejones), shack yards tcoralones, jacales), and rented slum buildings. They agree, sometimes to their own surprise, that it is difficult to describe squatter settlements as slums. The differentiation of squatter settlements from inner-city slums is, in fact, one of the first breaks from the widely shared mythology about them. (See, for example, Patch, 1961; Mangin, 1965.) The purpose in noting this mythology is not merely to set up a straw man for the paper. A review of the “Chaos, Crisis, Revolution and Wither Now Latin America” literature, or, of most governmental, United Nations, or AID reports, or, of most newspapers and magazines in Latin America will show that it is the predominant position on squatter settlements.
Physical Exercise Promotes Recovery of Neurological Function after Ischemic Stroke in Rats

Although physical exercise is an effective strategy for treatment of ischemic stroke, the underlying protective mechanisms are still not well understood. It has been recently demonstrated that neural progenitor cells play a vital role in the recovery of neurological function (NF) through differentiation into mature neurons. In the current study, we observed that physical exercise significantly reduced the infarct size and improved damaged neural functional recovery after an ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we found that the treatment not only exhibited a significant increase in the number of neural progenitor cells and neurons but also decreased the apoptotic cells in the peri-infarct region, compared to a control in the absence of exercise. Importantly, the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)/Akt signaling pathway was dramatically activated in the peri-infarct region of rats after physical exercise training. Therefore, our findings suggest that physical exercise directly influences the NF recovery process by increasing neural progenitor cell count via activation of the IGF-1/Akt signaling pathway.
Estimating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects of Medicaid Expansions on Take-Up and Crowd-Out

Economists have devoted considerable resources to estimating local average treatment effects of expansions in Medicaid eligibility for children. In this paper we use random coefficients linear probability models and switching probit models to estimate a more complete range of effects of Medicaid expansion on Medicaid take-up and crowd-out of private insurance. We demonstrate how to estimate, for Medicaid expansions, the average effect among all of those eligible, the average effect for a randomly chosen person, the effect for a marginally eligible child, and the average effect for those affected by a nonmarginal counterfactual policy change. We then estimate the average effect of Medicaid expansions among all eligible children and the average effect for those affected by a nonmarginal counterfactual Medicaid expansion since these are likely to be the most useful for policy analysis. Estimated take-up rates among average eligible children are substantially larger than take-up rates for those made eligible by a counterfactual Medicaid expansion, moreover both of these effects vary widely across demographic groups. In terms of crowd-out, we find statistically significant, though small, effects for all eligible children, but not for those affected by a counterfactual policy change.
Loss of IL‐4Rα–mediated PI3K signaling accelerates the progression of IgE/mast cell–mediated reactions

Clinical and experimental evidence indicate that polymorphisms within the interleukin 4 (IL‐4) receptor (IL‐4R) chain are sufficient for altered strength of IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling, leading to an exaggerated allergic inflammatory response and increase susceptibility to allergic phenotypes. In the present study, we show that ablation of IL‐4Rα–induced phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) activating signal by germline point mutation within the IL‐4Rα motif (Y500F) did not alter susceptibility to IgE‐mediated, food‐induced experimental anaphylaxis. Moreover, diarrhea occurrence, antigen‐specific IgE and intestinal mastocytosis were comparable between WT and IL‐4RαY500F mice. However, mice unable to stimulate IL‐4Rα–mediated PI3K signaling had accelerated disease progression. Notably, the accelerated anaphylactic response was associated with more rapid histamine‐induced hypovolemia. Mechanistic in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed that endothelial IL‐4Rα PI3K signaling negatively regulates the histamine‐induced endothelial leak response. These results define an unanticipated role for IL‐4Rα–mediated PI3K signaling in negative regulation of IgE‐mediated anaphylactic reactions.
“Better safe than sorry”: a qualitative content analysis of participant's perspectives of fall-related concerns and balance in older women with osteoporosis after balance training

Abstract Purpose: To explore how older women with osteoporosis perceive fall-related concerns and balance in daily life after having participated in balance training. Methods: Explorative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 women (66–84 years), with osteoporosis recruited from an ongoing RCT; participants were asked about their perceived fall-related concerns and balance. Interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: One underlying theme emerged: “Internalized risk perception related to experience of bodily fragility”, and three manifest categories: empowerment, safety and menace. A dynamic process between the categories was found, in which contextual and personal factors influenced perceptions of fall-related concerns and balance, i.e. winter season may lead a person who is highly empowered and/or uses active strategies into a situation of perception of menace and avoidance of activity. Conclusion: To cope with the fragility caused by osteoporosis informants had an internalized risk perception that protected them against possible threats and harm. Informants perceived improved empowerment and self-efficacy after participation in balance training. They resumed activities and became more active and independent in daily life using safety precautions and fall-prevention strategies. Depending on contextual factors, some situations still invoked fear and led to avoidance. Implication for Rehabilitation Risk awareness protecting against possible threats and harms seems to be internalized in older women living with osteoporosis. When designing fall prevention programs, it is important to recognize that contextual and personal factors have a major influence on how older women with osteoporosis perceive fall-related concerns and balance. Perception of fragility and risk seems to be a significant problem for older women with osteoporosis and health-care providers should encourage their patients to participate in tailored balance training programs to overcome these concerns.
Loss of function of Ribonuclease T2, an ancient and phylogenetically conserved RNase, plays a crucial role in ovarian tumorigenesis

In recent years, the role played by the stromal microenvironment has been given growing attention in order to achieve a full understanding of cancer initiation and progression. Because cancer is a tissue-based disease, the integrity of tissue architecture is a major constraint toward cancer growth. Indeed, a large contribution of the natural resistance to cancer stems from stromal microenvironment components, the dysregulation of which can facilitate cancer occurrence. For instance, recent experimental evidence has highlighted the involvement of stromal cells in ovarian carcinogenesis, as epitomized by ovarian xenografts obtained by a double KO of the murine Dicer and Pten genes. Likewise, we reported the role of an ancient extracellular RNase, called Ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2), within the ovarian stromal microenvironment. Indeed, hyperexpression of RNASET2 is able to control tumorigenesis by recruiting macrophages (mostly of the anticancer M1 subtype) at the tumor sites. We present biological data obtained by RNASET2 silencing in the poorly tumorigenetic and highly RNASET2-expressing human OVCAR3 cell line. RNASET2 knockdown was shown to stimulate in vivo tumor growth early after microinjection of OVCAR3 cells in nude mice. Moreover, we have investigated by molecular profiling the in vivo expression signature of human and mouse cell xenografts and disclosed the activation of pathways related to activation of the innate immune response and modulation of ECM components. Finally, we provide evidence for a role of RNASET2 in triggering an in vitro chemotactic response in macrophages. These results further highlight the critical role played by the microenvironment in RNASET2-mediated ovarian tumor suppression, which could eventually contribute to better clarify the pathogenesis of this disease.
R for Semantics

We would like in this note to offer a constructive criticism of current work in the semantics of programming languages, a criticism directed not so much at the techniques and results obtained as at the use to which they are put. The basic problem, in our view, is that denotational (or "mathematical") semantics plays on the whole a passive (we call it "descriptive") role, while operational semantics plays on the whole an active (we call it "prescriptive") role. Our suggestion is that these roles be reversed.
Multi-source image auto-annotation

Though the field of image auto-annotation has been extensively researched, most previous work concentrated on the single-source problem, assuming that both labelled and unseen to-be-annotated images are from a single source (e.g. an identical website), while in practice they are generally collected from multiple sources (e.g. different websites). In that case, treating each source independently may suffer from the insufficiency of labelled data for model training, while merging with labelled images from other sources can bring risky biases to the source-specific model. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning model to alleviate the multi-source image auto-annotation problem, with each task defined as performing auto-annotation for the corresponding source. Specifically, the proposed model trains annotation models for all sources in parallel with the introduction of inter-source structure regularizers and parameter constraints for sharing information and enhancing the overall performance. Experiments conducted on three different-source benchmark datasets and their combinations yield inspiring results and demonstrate that the proposed model can well utilize the shared information and relieve the risky biases.
Introduction (Population and Environment: Methods of Analysis)

There can be no doubt that population changes and environmental changes influence one another. Within the last few decades, this commonsensical observation has given rise to hundreds of scientific articles and reports and the flow shows no sign of abating. The premise of this volume is that this literature forms the groundwork for a new and interdisciplinary field of studies that we call P-E analysis. This volume on the methodology of P-E analysis is motivated by two factors. First, because P-E analysis is a new field of studies it needs like any other field of studies-to develop its own set of methods and analytical tools in order to arrive at meaningful substantive results. The second factor motivating this volume is the somewhat disappointing lack of consistent and generalizable findings after hundreds of P-E studies in different parts of the world over the past 15-20 years. We attribute this lack of more general findings not only to the inherent complexity of the issue but also to the lack of broadly accepted reference methodologies and standards that in other disciplines make it possible to compare one study to another and eventually obtain more general insights. Without such common points of reference, there is confusion and individual studies can at best be of anecdotal importance. This is where the present volume hopes to make its contribution. It presents some key approaches that have proven useful in P-E analysis and hence moves the field a bit further toward methodological consolidation.
Writing Apprehension in the Classroom: Teacher Role Expectancies of the Apprehensive Writer.

There is abundant evidence indicating that individuals vary in their selfreported apprehension of writing. Extensive research, conducted during tthe past few years, has revealed a wide variety of important correlates and a number of significant consequences attributable to this apprehension. The present study explored teachers' expectancies of the apprehensive writer. It sought to determine whether writing apprehension, and behaviors associated with it, could serve as important determinants of teacher judgments. In addition, it attempted to identify some of the particular expectations, perceptions and evaluations held by teachers of students who vary in apprehension.
Dimensionality reduction for text using LLE

Dimensionality reduction is a necessary preprocessing step in many fields of information processing such as information retrieval, pattern recognition and data compression. Its goal is to discover the representative or the discriminative information residing in raw data. Locally linear embedding (LLE), one of effective manifold learning algorithms, addresses this problem by computing low-dimensional, neighborhood preserving embeddings of high-dimensional data. The embedding is derived from the symmetries for locally linear reconstructions. And the computation of this embedding is related to an eigen-problem in the implement. Since LLE was proposed, it has been being applied to deal with image data only because it originated from facial recognition. However, the problem of curse of dimensionality is very prevalent. Therefore, we here try to apply this algorithm for text processing. In this paper, we introduce the LLE briefly and analyze its advantage and latent disadvantages, and the relationship between LSI and LLE in the graph embedding framework is then discussed from a theoretic view. Finally, the experimental results are show with the datasets of Reuters21578 and TDT2.