Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solid‐Phase Immunoassays for Quantitation of Antibody to Bovine White Matter Proteolipid Apoprotein

Abstract: Two solid‐phase immunoassays have been developed for quantitation of antibodies to bovine white matter proteolipid apoprotein. Conditions were established for optimal specific antibody binding. Water‐soluble proteolipid apoprotein was bound to microtiter plates and plates were incubated with test serum. Goat anti‐rabbit IgG conjugated with horeseradish peroxidase was used as the second antibody for an enzyme‐linked immunospecific assay and 125I‐labeled protein A for a radioimmunoassay. Both procedures have been used to follow the time course of anti‐proteolipid antibody production in rabbits and to compare different immunization protocols.
A Comparison of Eleven Static Heuristics for Mapping a Class of Independent Tasks onto Heterogeneous Distributed Computing Systems

Mixed-machine heterogeneous computing (HC) environments utilize a distributed suite of different high-performance machines, interconnected with high-speed links, to perform different computationally intensive applications that have diverse computational requirements. HC environments are well suited to meet the computational demands of large, diverse groups of tasks. The problem of optimally mapping (defined as matching and scheduling) these tasks onto the machines of a distributed HC environment has been shown, in general, to be NP-complete, requiring the development of heuristic techniques. Selecting the best heuristic to use in a given environment, however, remains a difficult problem, because comparisons are often clouded by different underlying assumptions in the original study of each heuristic. Therefore, a collection of 11 heuristics from the literature has been selected, adapted, implemented, and analyzed under one set of common assumptions. It is assumed that the heuristics derive a mapping statically (i.e., off-line). It is also assumed that a metatask (i.e., a set of independent, noncommunicating tasks) is being mapped and that the goal is to minimize the total execution time of the metatask. The 11 heuristics examined are Opportunistic Load Balancing, Minimum Execution Time, Minimum Completion Time, Min? min, Max? min, Duplex, Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Genetic Simulated Annealing, Tabu, and A*. This study provides one even basis for comparison and insights into circumstances where one technique will out-perform another. The evaluation procedure is specified, the heuristics are defined, and then comparison results are discussed. It is shown that for the cases studied here, the relatively simple Min? min heuristic performs well in comparison to the other techniques.
Faster Algorithms for Testing under Conditional Sampling

There has been considerable recent interest in distribution-tests whose run-time and sample requirements are sublinear in the domain-size $k$. We study two of the most important tests under the conditional-sampling model where each query specifies a subset $S$ of the domain, and the response is a sample drawn from $S$ according to the underlying distribution. For identity testing, which asks whether the underlying distribution equals a specific given distribution or $\epsilon$-differs from it, we reduce the known time and sample complexities from $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\epsilon^{-4})$ to $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\epsilon^{-2})$, thereby matching the information theoretic lower bound. For closeness testing, which asks whether two distributions underlying observed data sets are equal or different, we reduce existing complexity from $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\epsilon^{-4} \log^5 k)$ to an even sub-logarithmic $\tilde{\mathcal{O}}(\epsilon^{-5} \log \log k)$ thus providing a better bound to an open problem in Bertinoro Workshop on Sublinear Algorithms [Fisher, 2004].
Effect of oral glucose on the heart rate of healthy newborns

Aim: Increases in heart rate have been widely utilized as pain responses in different studies. In a previous study, we found an increase in heart rate in newborns when they received glucose as pain relief. Other research groups have shown a smaller increase in heart rate on administration of sweet solutions. We therefore investigated the question as to whether or not oral glucose itself can cause an increased heart rate in healthy infants. Method: This was a randomized, controlled, double‐blind study comprising 70 healthy newborns. They were randomly allocated to receive 1 ml 30% glucose or 1 ml placebo solution (sterile water) orally without undergoing any painful procedure. The heart rate was recorded during and at different times after this administration. Results: The heart rate was significantly higher in the glucose than in the placebo group (p=0.020). The highest heart rate was noted during treatment, and the heart rate subsequently decreased in both groups (p = 0.002).
Study of targeted-treatment on colon cancer cell via spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry

We present the enhancement of targeted treatment on colon cancer cell via microscopic imaging ellipsometry (MIE). All spectroscopic MIE signals on 5μm×5μm area in visible range are captured within the modified Optrel MULTISKOP system. Colon cancer cells are cultured in Bottom-up Millicell EZ SLIDE 4-well structure under the environment (37°C, 10% CO2). Original single colon cancer cell, single colon cancer cell under untargeted-treatment, and single colon cancer cell under targeted-treatment are studied by specular-reflective mode and off-specular scattering mode in this experiment. Some polarization-related and phase-related MIE images are analyzed to reveal the improvement of targeted-treatment by observing changes in specular and off-specular reflectance and absorption.
Heterogeneous Network Mining of the National Vulnerability Database

As the proliferation of on-line information storage and interaction continues, so does the continued threat to the security of users and their data. New vulnerabilities are found daily in various pieces of software, used by both users and providers of on-line services, not to mention the myriad of web applications that are not tracked by any central system. Previous research into trends in vulnerabilities has been fairly rudimentary, and is definitely outdated at this point. By taking data from the National Vulnerability Database and applying an implementation of PathSim, this paper hopes to show not only improved ability to see trends in vulnerabilities, but also to possibly attempt to predict the next Heartbleed level vulnerability.
Accelerometer and GPS sensor combination based system for human activity recognition

Mobile phone technology continuously evolves and incorporates more and more sensors for enabling advanced applications. The availability of these sensors in mass-market communication devices creates exciting new opportunities for data mining applications. Particularly healthcare applications exploiting build-in sensors are very promising. These devices open wide range of opportunities of using their potential in different branches like healthcare, financing and so on. Current paper introduces an approach which allows recognizing activity, performed by human, using smartphone acceleration and positioning sensors. We introduce an approach that retrieves signal data and stores it SQLite portable mobile database. It uses asynchronous model of signal retrieving and storing procedures. After the signals were collected we applied noise reduction, time and frequency domain feature extraction processes for stored information and acquired high-dimensional feature patterns. These patterns were later transferred on remote server instead of raw signals. The classification stage was based on “learning with teacher” method. Incoming signal sequences were collected from sensors of mobile device and were analyzed using support vector machines (SVM) learning method.
Carrier transport in the multi quantum well region of III-nitride light emitting diodes

The carrier transport in the multi quantum well (MQW) region of Ill-nitride light emitting diodes is critical for their efficiency in the high current regime. The asymmetry of the electron and hole transport makes it difficult to achieve an equal distribution of the quantum well luminescence in order to decrease the droop. To study the luminescence distribution we have devised a carrier transport model accounting for the carrier quantization effects in an MQW active region. The detailed study of the carrier distribution in the MQW is supported by an equivalent circuit model. By means of this model we demonstrate that the re-distribution of the luminescence in the MQW with increasing bias current has an effect on the ideality factor.
The S-Algorithm: A Promising Solution for Systematic Functional Test Generation

We present a new algorithm for functional test generation of VLSI systems. This algorithm for functional test generation for each testable register-transfer (RT) level fault defined in our established fault model. The technique developed is appropriate for test generation in top-down Computer-Aided Design process. The development of the algorithm is based on two foundations: the RT-level fault model and symbolic execution technique. A well-defined RT-language for the functional representation of a digital system is described. Based on this language, the RT-level fault modeling and fault collapsing analysis are performed. The fault model is established to lay an analytical foundation for the investigation of faulty behavior among RT-level fault types. The RT-level symbolic execution technique is used to derive test patterns during test generation. Major problem areas are defined and appropriate solutions are presented. The whole test generation process is divided into three stages: preprocess, the S-algorithm, and post-process. "Divide and conquer" principle is used throughout the test generation process for systematic problem solving. The S-algorithm is the heart of the overall algorithm. It performs test pattern generation based on the reduced fault model using machine symbolic execution. This test generation algorithm has been implemented in PASCAL on IBM 370/168.
Muscle-Specific SIRT1 Gain-of-Function Increases Slow-Twitch Fibers and Ameliorates Pathophysiology in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

SIRT1 is a metabolic sensor and regulator in various mammalian tissues and functions to counteract metabolic and age-related diseases. Here we generated and analyzed mice that express SIRT1 at high levels specifically in skeletal muscle. We show that SIRT1 transgenic muscle exhibits a fiber shift from fast-to-slow twitch, increased levels of PGC-1α, markers of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, and decreased expression of the atrophy gene program. To examine whether increased activity of SIRT1 protects from muscular dystrophy, a muscle degenerative disease, we crossed SIRT1 muscle transgenic mice to mdx mice, a genetic model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. SIRT1 overexpression in muscle reverses the phenotype of mdx mice, as determined by histology, creatine kinase release into the blood, and endurance in treadmill exercise. In addition, SIRT1 overexpression also results in increased levels of utrophin, a functional analogue of dystrophin, as well as increased expression of PGC-1α targets and neuromuscular junction genes. Based on these findings, we suggest that pharmacological interventions that activate SIRT1 in skeletal muscle might offer a new approach for treating muscle diseases.
A frequency domain method for blind source separation of convolutive audio mixtures

In this paper, we propose a new frequency domain approach to blind source separation (BSS) of audio signals mixed in a reverberant environment. We propose a joint diagonalization procedure on the cross power spectral density matrices of the signals at the output of the mixing system to identify the mixing system at each frequency bin up to a scale and permutation ambiguity. The frequency domain joint diagonalization is performed using a new and quickly converging algorithm which uses an alternating least-squares (ALS) optimization method. The inverse of the mixing system is then used to separate the sources. An efficient dyadic algorithm to resolve the frequency dependent permutation ambiguities that exploits the inherent nonstationarity of the sources is presented. The effect of the unknown scaling ambiguities is partially resolved using an initialization procedure for the ALS algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by experiments conducted in real reverberant rooms. Performance comparisons are made with previous methods.
Investigating Commercial Pay-Per-Install and the Distribution of Unwanted Software

In this work, we explore the ecosystem of commercial pay-per-install (PPI) and the role it plays in the proliferation of unwanted software. Commercial PPI enables companies to bundle their applications with more popular software in return for a fee, effectively commoditizing access to user devices. We develop an analysis pipeline to track the business relationships underpinning four of the largest commercial PPI networks and classify the software families bundled. In turn, we measure their impact on end users and enumerate the distribution techniques involved. We find that unwanted ad injectors, browser settings hijackers, and “cleanup” utilities dominate the software families buying installs. Developers of these families pay $0.10–$1.50 per install—upfront costs that they recuperate by monetizing users without their consent or by charging exorbitant subscription fees. Based on Google Safe Browsing telemetry, we estimate that PPI networks drive over 60 million download attempts every week—nearly three times that of malware. While anti-virus and browsers have rolled out defenses to protect users from unwanted software, we find evidence that PPI networks actively interfere with or evade detection. Our results illustrate the deceptive practices of some commercial PPI operators that persist today.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reflects activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) is a unique protein family that binds to DNA, coupled with tyrosine phosphorylation signaling pathways, acting as a transcriptional regulator to mediate a variety of biological effects. Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion can activate STATs signaling pathway, but no studies have confirmed whether STAT activation can be verified by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) in rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Here, we established a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia injury using the modified Longa method. DWI revealed hyperintensity in parts of the left hemisphere before reperfusion and a low apparent diffusion coefficient. STAT3 protein expression showed no significant change after reperfusion, but phosphorylated STAT3 expression began to increase after 30 minutes of reperfusion and peaked at 24 hours. Pearson correlation analysis showed that STAT3 activation was correlated positively with the relative apparent diffusion coefficient and negatively with the DWI abnormal signal area. These results indicate that DWI is a reliable representation of the infarct area and reflects STAT phosphorylation in rat brain following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.
MULTOPS: A Data-Structure for Bandwidth Attack Detection

A denial-of-service bandwidth attack is an attempt to disrupt an online service by generating a traffic overload that clogs links or causes routers near the victim to crash. We propose a heuristic and a data-structure that network devices (such as routers) can use to detect (and eliminate) such attacks. With our method, each network device maintains a data-structure, MULTOPS, that monitors certain traffic characteristics. MULTOPS (MUlti-Level Tree for Online Packet Statistics) is a tree of nodes that contains packet rate statistics for subnet prefixes at different aggregation levels. The tree expands and contracts within a fixed memory budget. A network device using MULTOPS detects ongoing bandwidth attacks by the significant, disproportional difference between packet rates going to and coming from the victim or the attacker. MULTOPS-equipped routing software running on an off-the-shelf 700 Mhz Pentium III PC can process up to 340,000 packets per second.
Adsorbent Treatment Technologies for Arsenic Removal

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the inhibitory impacts of water quality on the performance of adsorbents for the removal of arsenate and arsenite; (2) to define adsorbent properties that minimize the effects of water quality and/or maximize arsenic adsorption capacity; (3) to investigate the applicability of various adsorbents to arsenite removal as opposed to a need for pre-oxidation to arsenate; (4) to assess the stability of spent adsorbents to promote their use as disposable materials; and (5) to develop a decision framework for helping utilities determine the most appropriate adsorbent based on cost and performance in terms of known water quality parameters.
Optimisation and Process control of fluid bed coating

Fluid bed coating, especially Wurster process (see description below) are one of the most usual technologies for particle coating. However, the process driving is still based on empirical data and good quality coating requires an experimented operator. The following paper reports work done in our group to understand the different processes involved in fluid bed coating and proposes some approaches to optimize and to control the process.
An investigation of voltage balancing circuit for DC capacitors in diode-clamped multilevel inverters to realize high output power density converters

Output power density of power converters has been increasing. At the same time, the power converters with lower harmonics and lower electromagnetic interference are required in many applications. To satisfy these requirements, the volume of filters and heat sinks should be reduced. As a solution to realize higher output power density and lower harmonics, diode-clamped multilevel inverters are investigated. In this case, the voltage balancing circuit must be connected to the DC capacitors because the DC voltages tend to unbalance when the number of the output level exceeds three. Therefore, the total volume of the converters including the voltage balancing circuit should be investigated. In this paper, resonant switched capacitor converter is treated as a promising solution to realize the voltage balancing circuit with smaller volume. The operating characteristics and estimated volume are clarified analytically. Finally, the applicability of the voltage balancing circuit is confirmed by the experimental results.
Impact of solar radiation on sea surface salinity remote sensing by spaceborne synthetic aperture imaging radiometers

Since the Sun is a very bright radiation source at L-band, reception of direct and Earth-reflected solar radiations by downward-looking radiometers raises a significant challenge for the remote sensing of ocean surface salinity. For a given spaceborne mission concept, the impact of the Sun radiations depends on the sensor antenna properties, the location of the Sun relative to both the spacecraft and the reflecting surface, as well as on the surface scattering properties of the observed Earth scene. Effects on interferometric data, (i.e. visibilities), provided by Synthetic Aperture Imaging Radiometers (SAIR) need to be accounted for; the affected area, determined through both geometrical and geophysical considerations, have to be either masked or flagged, or submitted to specific correction procedures, for correct sea surface salinity retrieval. Focusing on the future ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) space mission, we provide quantitative and qualitative estimates for measurements contamination by Sun as expected for the period 2007-2010, and we derive methods that can serve to develop a consistent correction strategy
The Caenorhabditis elegans HP1 family protein HPL-2 maintains ER homeostasis through the UPR and hormesis

Significance Organisms must be able to respond quickly to stress to maintain homeostasis and survive. Perturbation of normal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function leads to the induction of the evolutionarily conserved unfolded protein response (UPR), essential for recovering cellular homeostasis, or if recovery is impossible, leading to cell death. Chromatin-associated proteins have widespread effects on gene regulation, which are particularly important in response to stress conditions. We describe a regulatory link between the UPR and heterochromatin protein like-2, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). Our work suggests that loss of HP1 promotes the robustness of the ER stress response following a hormetic stress by activating the UPR and autophagy. These findings could have an impact on multiple aspects of disease biology. Cellular adaptation to environmental changes and stress relies on a wide range of regulatory mechanisms that are tightly controlled at several levels, including transcription. Chromatin structure and chromatin binding proteins are important factors contributing to the transcriptional response to stress. However, it remains largely unknown to what extent specific chromatin factors influence the response to distinct forms of stress in a developmental context. One of the best characterized stress response pathways is the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we show that Caenorhabditis elegans heterochromatin protein like-2 (HPL-2), the homolog of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1), down-regulates the UPR in the intestine. Inactivation of HPL-2 results in an enhanced resistance to ER stress dependent on the X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1)/inositol requiring enzyme 1 branch of the UPR and the closely related process of autophagy. Increased resistance to ER stress in animals lacking HPL-2 is associated with increased basal levels of XBP-1 activation and ER chaperone expression under physiological conditions, which may in turn activate an adaptive response known as ER hormesis. HPL-2 expression in intestinal cells is sufficient to rescue stress resistance, whereas expression in neuronal cells negatively influenced the ER stress response through a cell-nonautonomous mechanism. We further show that the retinoblastoma protein homolog LIN-35 and the LIN-13 zinc finger protein act in the same pathway as HPL-2 to limit the ER stress response. Altogether, our results point to multiple functions for HP1 in different cell types to maintain ER homeostasis.