Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time perception in spatial neglect: a distorted representation?

OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that time, space, and numbers share the same metrics and cortical network, the right parietal cortex. Several recent investigations have demonstrated that the mental number line representation is distorted in neglect patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between time and spatial configuration in neglect patients. METHOD Fourteen right-brain damaged patients (six with neglect and eight without neglect), as well as eight age-matched healthy controls, performed a time discrimination task. A standard tone (short: 700 ms and long: 1,700 ms) had to be confronted in duration to a test tone. Test tone differed of 100, 200, and 300 ms respect to the standard tone duration. RESULTS Neglect patients performed significantly worse than patients without neglect and healthy controls, irrespective of the duration of the standard tone. CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that mental representations of space and time both share, to some extent, a common cortical network. Besides, spatial neglect seems to distort the time representation, inducing an overestimation of time durations.
Recent advances in gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering

The loss of bone tissue represents a critical clinical condition that is frequently faced by surgeons. Substantial progress has been made in the area of bone research, providing insight into the biology of bone under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as tools for the stimulation of bone regeneration. The present review discusses recent advances in the field of gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering. Gene transfer strategies have emerged as highly effective tissue engineering approaches for supporting the repair of the musculoskeletal system. By contrast to treatment with recombinant proteins, genetically engineered cells can release growth factors at the site of injury over extended periods of time. Of particular interest are the expedited technologies that can be applied during a single surgical procedure in a cost‐effective manner, allowing translation from bench to bedside. Several promising methods based on the intra‐operative genetic manipulation of autologous cells or tissue fragments have been developed in preclinical studies. Moreover, gene therapy for bone regeneration has entered the clinical stage with clinical trials for the repair of alveolar bone. Current trends in gene‐enhanced bone engineering are also discussed with respect to the movement of the field towards expedited, translational approaches. It is possible that gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering will become a clinical reality within the next few years.
Annuity Prices, Money's Worth and Replacement Ratios: UK experience 1972 - 2002

In this paper we construct a time series of annuity prices from 1972-2002, and examine whether annuity rates are unfairly priced, and assess the extent to which annuitisation risks are hedged by stock market returns. We find no evidence that the average annuity rate is unfairly low. Depending on the assumptions about future longevity, the present value of an annuity (it's money's worth) is of the order of between 90 per cent and 100 per cent of the purchase price. Compared with the typical costs of buying financial services this figure looks suspiciously good. In addition, we find no reason to suggest that individuals are worse off by annuity rates being low, since this has been off-set by increases in the value of pension funds over the last thirty years. Even apart from the fact that people retiring today expect to live longer, their pension income (compared to their final salary) looks as good as ever.
Oncofetal gene SALL4 and prognosis in cancer: A systematic review with meta-analysis

The Spalt-Like Transcription Factor 4 (SALL4) oncogene plays a central function in embryo-fetal development and is absent in differentiated tissues. Evidence suggests that it can be reactivated in several cancers worsening the prognosis. We aimed at investigating the risk associated with SALL4 reactivation for all-cause mortality and recurrence in cancer using the current literature. A PubMed and SCOPUS search until 1st September 2016 was performed, focusing on perspective studies reporting prognostic parameters in cancer data. In addition, 17 datasets of different cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas were considered. A total of 9,947 participants across 40 cohorts, followed-up for about 5 years on average, were analyzed comparing patients showing SALL4 presence (SALL4+, n = 1,811) or absence (SALL4-, n = 8,136). All data were summarised using risk ratios (RRs) for the number of deaths/recurrences and hazard ratios (HRs) for the time-dependent risk related to SALL4+, adjusted for potential confounders. SALL4+ significantly increased overall mortality (RR = 1.34, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.21-1.48, p<0.0001, I2=66%; HR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.19-1.65; p<0.0001; I2=63%) and recurrence of disease (RR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.1-1.42, p=0.0006, I2=62%); HR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.89, p=0.0002; I2=69%) compared to SALL4-. Moreover, SALL4 remained significantly associated with poor prognosis even using HRs adjusted for potential confounders (overall mortality: HR=1.4; 95%CI: 1.19-1.65; p<0.0001; I2=63%; recurrence of disease: HR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.22-1.89, p=0.0002; I2=69%). These results suggest that SALL4 expression increases both mortality and recurrence of cancer, confirming this gene as an important prognostic marker and a potential target for personalized medicine.
Pancreas preservation fluid microbial contamination is associated with poor islet isolation outcomes – a multi‐centre cohort study

The microbiological safety of islet preparations is paramount. Preservation medium contamination is frequent, and its impact on islet yield and function remains unclear. Microbiological samples collected during islet isolations from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed and correlated to isolation and allo‐ and autotransplantation outcomes. Microbial contamination of preservation medium was found in 64.4% of processed donor pancreases (291/452). We identified 464 microorganisms including Staphylococcus (253/464, 54.5%), Streptococcus (31/464, 6.7%), and Candida species (25/464, 5.4%). Microbial contamination was associated with longer warm and cold ischemia times and lower numbers of postpurification islet equivalents, purity, transplant rate, and stimulation index (all P < 0.05). Six percent of the preparations accepted for transplantation showed microbial contamination after isolation (12/200); 9 of 12 were Candida species. Six patients were transplanted with a sample with late microbial growth discovered after the infusion. Insulin independence rate was not affected. This risk of transplanting a contaminated islets preparation was reduced by half following the implementation of an additional sampling after 24 h of islet culture. Pancreas preservation fluid microbial contamination is associated with lower transplant rate and poorer in vitro function, but not with changes in graft survival. Culture medium testing 1 day after isolation reduces the risk of incidental transplantation with contaminated islets.
ssessing the effects of climate change on the phenology of European emperate trees

Modelling phenology is crucial to assess the impact of climate change on the length of the canopy duration and the productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Focusing on six dominant European tree species, the aims of this study were (i) to examine the accuracy of different leaf phenology models to simulate the onset and ending of the leafy season, with particular emphasis on the putative role of chilling to release winter bud dormancy and (ii) to predict seasonal shifts for the 21st century in response to climate warming. Models testing and validation were done for each species considering 2 or 3 years of phenological observations acquired over a large elevational gradient (1500 m range, 57 populations). Flushing models were either based solely on forcing temperatures (1-phase models) or both on chilling and forcing temperatures (2-phases models). Leaf senescence models were based on both temperature and photoperiod. We show that most flushing models are able to predict accurately the observed flushing dates. The 1phase models are as efficient as 2-phases models for most species suggesting that chilling temperatures are currently sufficient to fully release bud dormancy. However, our predictions for the 21st century highlight that chilling temperature could be insufficient for some species at low elevation. Overall, flushing is expected to advance in the next decades but this trend substantially differed between species (from 0 to 2.4 days per decade). The prediction of leaf senescence appears more challenging, as the proposed models work properly for only two out of four deciduous species, for which senescence is expected to be delayed in the future (from 1.4 to 2.3 days per decade). These trends to earlier spring leafing and later autumn senescence are likely to affect the competitive balance between species. For instance, simulations over the 21st century predict a stronger lengthening of the canopy duration for Quercus petraea than for Fagus shifts sylvatica, suggesting that
Medication Adherence Interventions for Older Adults With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.

Medication adherence is crucial in patients with heart failure; however, the rate of medication nonadherence in the heart failure population is 50%, making it a significant problem. The purpose of the current review was to summarize intervention studies designed to improve medication adherence in older adults with heart failure. A search was conducted to locate randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies that tested interventions to improve medication adherence in patients 45 or older with heart failure. Five of eight studies (63%) showed a statistically significant improvement in medication adherence in intervention groups. Five of these six studies used a combination of educational, behavioral, and affective interventions, and focused on medication adherence alone versus multiple health behaviors. Interventions using combined approaches and focusing only on medication adherence show the most promise for future studies. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43(10), 37-45. ].
Targeting HER-2/Neu In Serous Endometrial Cancer: A Review

Serous endometrial cancer is a clinically aggressive type of uterine cancer, responsible for a disproportionate incidence of advanced stage disease, recurrences and deaths. Serous endometrial cancers are characterized by alteration of p53, STK15, p16, and HER2. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the role of the HER-2/neu pathway in the carcinogenesis of serous endometrial cancer, to explore the rationale for, and efficacy of targeting the HER-2/neu receptor in the treatment of these tumors. Correspondence to: Joshua P. Kesterson, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Tel: (717) 531-8144 (ext. 5); Fax: (717) 531-0007; E-mail: jkesterson@hmc.psu. edu Received: December 04, 2016; Accepted: December 21, 2016; Published: December 26, 2016 Introduction Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with over 50,000 cases diagnosed annually, resulting in approximately 8,000 deaths [1]. Endometrial cancer is classically categorized as type I or type II tumors, corresponding to endometrioid and non-endometrioid histologic types, respectively. A majority of endometrial cancers are type I, which are often well differentiated, confined to the uterus, cured with hysterectomy, and associated with excellent prognosis [2]. Type II tumors include serous and clear cell histologic types, and they tend to be clinically aggressive tumors that are associated with advanced stage at diagnosis and chemo resistance. Despite comprising only, a minority of all endometrial cancers, type II tumors are responsible for a disproportionate percentage of endometrial cancer-related recurrences and deaths [3-6]. Secondary to the poor outcomes associated with serous endometrial cancer, novel targeted therapies that are effective are needed. Serous endometrial cancers are characterized by alteration of p53, STK15, p16, and HER2. The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the role of the HER-2/neu pathway in the carcinogenesis of serous endometrial cancer, to explore the rationale for, and efficacy of targeting the HER-2/neu receptor in the treatment of these tumors.
Description of Three Pristionchus Species (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) from Japan that Form a Cryptic Species Complex with the Model Organism P. pacificus

Three new species of Pristionchus (P. exspectatus, P. arcanus, and P. japonicus) are described from Japan. They are morphologically similar, with P. exspectatus and P. arcanus being almost indistinguishable from the model organism P. pacificus. Reproductive isolation, namely the inability to produce interfertile F1 hybrids, separates all species pairs in the species complex. Additionally, all three new species are distinguished from P. pacificus Sommer, Carta, Kim, and Sternberg, 1996 by having a gonochoristic instead of hermaphroditic mode of reproduction. In addition to its reproductive isolation, P. japonicus is distinct from other Pristionchus species by its arrangement of genital papillae. All species in the complex are separated from each other by molecular sequence divergence, as indicated by analysis of 27 nuclear protein-coding genes and unique sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The identification of a species complex that includes P. pacificus is invaluable for studies of population genetics, speciation, and macroevolution, particularly the evolution of hermaphroditism in the genus.
Overexpression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 attenuates skeletal muscle damage and accelerates muscle regeneration and functional recovery after disuse

• What is the central question of this study? Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) promotes muscle hypertrophy, but no studies have investigated the effect of IGF‐1 on the susceptibility of atrophied muscles to reloading‐induced muscle injury. • What is the main finding and what is its importance? We employed a comprehensive set of methods, including muscle physiological measurements, molecular biology techniques and non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging. The results concurrently demonstrate that local overexpression of IGF‐1 in a primary antigravity muscle protects the muscle from reloading‐induced muscle damage and accelerates muscle regeneration and functional recovery following cast immobilization. These findings add new physiological significance to the benefits of IGF‐1 on skeletal muscle mass and force generation during varied loading conditions.
Dietary protein, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and chemical carcinogenesis in rats.

The relationships of dietary protein to changes in hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity and 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ( DMBA ) carcinogenesis were studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Iso- energetic casein based purified diets containing 7.5, 15, or 45% protein equivalent were fed for 4 weeks, at which time rats were killed for enzyme assays. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, an enzyme system which metab olizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as DMBA, showed increased activity as dietary protein increased. The role of protein in the initiation phase of DMBA carcinogenesis was examined in rats fed 7.5, 15, and 45% protein for 4 weeks whereupon each rat received 2.0 mg of DMBA/100 g body weight in a single oral dose. Thereafter all rats were ad libitum fed the 15% protein diet for 25 additional weeks. The percentage of rats with tumors and the number of tumors per rat were lower as protein intake was increased prior to DMBA administration. The influence of protein on the promotion phase was examined by feeding the 15% protein diet to all rats prior to DMBA administration whereupon the rats were assigned to the three experimental diets for an additional 25 weeks. With this regimen, dietary protein concentration had no effect on tumor incidence or latency during the promotion phase. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that in creasing dietary protein may decrease the concentration of potential car cinogenic DMBA metabolites reaching the mammary gland by stimulating the hepatic metabolism of DMBA. J. Nutr. 109: 55-62, 1979.
GIS-Aided Evolvement Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Regional Tourism Industry Environment

Regional tourism is a part of China's economic income. It is of great significance for tourism economy development to study spatial-temporal evolvement. This study analyzed time-based characteristics and spatial cluster characteristics through methods including Spatial Weight Matrix, global spatial autocorrelation (Morans I) statistic, spatial Statistics (Getis-Ord Gi*) and local spatial autocorrelation calculations. Results show that the overall spatial autocorrelation model changed slowly from negative (-0.05) to positive (0.08) while eastern part of study area clustered as hotspot and western part clustered as coldspot. It can be concluded that the spatial distribution pattern of the tourism economy in study area from 2002 to 2007 was increasingly clustered and the tourism development of each units in study area will be much more spatially inter-dependent.
Effect of Transplantation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell- Conditioned Medium on Ovarian Function, Morphology and Cell Death in Cyclophosphamide-Treated Rats

Objective Although stem cell transplantation has beneficial effects on tissue regeneration, but there are still problems such as high cost and safety issues. Since stem cell therapy is largely dependent on paracrine activity, in this study, utilization of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs)-secretome instead of the cells, into damaged ovaries was evaluated to overcome the limitations of stem cell transplantation. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, BMSCs were cultured and 25-fold concentrated conditioned medium (CM) from BMSCs was prepared. Female rats were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 14 days. Then, BMSCs and CM were individually transplanted into bilateral ovaries, and the ovaries were excised after four weeks of treatment. The follicle count was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and the apoptotic cells were counted using TUNEL assay. Ovarian function was evaluated by monitoring the ability of ovulation and the levels of serum estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Results Evaluation of the ovarian function and structure showed that results of secretome transplantation were almost similar to those of BMSCs transplantation and there was no significant differences between them. Conclusion BMSCs-secretome is likely responsible for the therapeutic paracrine effect of BMSCs. Stem cell- secretome is expected to overcome the limitations of stem cell transplantation and become the basis of a novel therapy for ovarian damage.
Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy predicts recurrence of atrial arrhythmias after catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an independent predictor of new‐onset atrial fibrillation. Whether LVH can predict the recurrence of arrhythmia after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) remains unclear.
Perceptual Learning and Free Classification

Two experiments are reported that investigate the effects of stimulus preexposure on discrimination performance in a free classification task, using adult humans as subjects. In free classification subjects are asked to put stimuli into gruops in any way that seems reasonable or sensible tothem. Experiment 1 shows that the effect of preexposure is contingent on stimulus structure. Experiment 1b is the first demonstration of a retardation in learning as a consequence of simple preexposure in adult human subjects (previous demonstrations have relied on incidental or masked preexposure). Experiment 2 further supports the conclusions of Experiment 1 and extends them with the demonstration that stimulus similarity is a crucial factor. Taken together, these experiments rule out a class of attention-based explanations of the phenomena reported here. The experiments also provide novel information about the effects of preexposure. Preexposure can change the actual classifications subjects form in addition to altering the rate at which they are formed. Implications of these results for current theories of category formation and perceptual learning are considered.
case report platelet rich plasma injection used as treatment of high grade partial pectoralis muscle tear in division i football player

This case report describes a collegiate football player diagnosed with a high-grade partial pectoralis major tear, patient outcome after non-operative management using platelet-rich plasma injections, and a detailed description of the rehabilitation program used in this case. The purpose of this article is to describe a newer option for the management of this injury and give context to clinical decision-making in this setting.
Error rates and resource overheads of encoded three-qubit gates

A non-Clifford gate is required for universal quantum computation, and, typically, this is the most error-prone and resource intensive logical operation on an error-correcting code. Small, single-qubit rotations are popular choices for this non-Clifford gate, but certain three-qubit gates, such as Toffoli or controlled-controlled-Z (CCZ), are equivalent options that are also more suited for implementing some quantum algorithms, for instance those with coherent classical subroutines. Here, we calculate error rates and resource overheads for implementing logical CCZ with pieceable fault-tolerance, a non-transversal method for implementing logical gates. We provide a comparison with a non-local magic-state scheme on a concatenated code and a local magic-state scheme on the surface code. We find the pieceable fault-tolerance scheme particularly advantaged over magic states on concatenated codes and in certain regimes over magic states on the surface code. Our results suggest that pieceable fault-tolerance is a promising candidate for fault-tolerance in a near-future quantum computer.
Differentiable Learning of Logical Rules for Knowledge Base Reasoning

We study the problem of learning probabilistic first-order logical rules for knowledge base reasoning. This learning problem is difficult because it requires learning the parameters in a continuous space as well as the structure in a discrete space. We propose a framework, Neural Logic Programming, that combines the parameter and structure learning of first-order logical rules in an end-to-end differentiable model. This approach is inspired by a recently-developed differentiable logic called TensorLog, where inference tasks can be compiled into sequences of differentiable operations. We design a neural controller system that learns to compose these operations. Empirically, our method outperforms prior work on multiple knowledge base benchmark datasets, including Freebase and WikiMovies.