Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postoperative Early Active Mobilization and Immobilization in Vivo Utilising a Four-Strand Flexor Tendon Repair

We evaluated a technique of four-strand double-modified locking Kessler flexor tendon repair in healing tendons. Seventy-two canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons in Zone 2 were repaired and evaluated following either active mobilization or immobilization at 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after surgery. Fifty-six tendons were examined for gap and ultimate strength using a tensile testing machine and 16 were evaluated with standard hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome staining. All tendons healed without rupture or gap formation of more than 1 mm, thus demonstrating that this repair technique has enough tensile strength to withstand early active mobilization. The gap and ultimate strength of actively mobilized tendons did not decrease significantly during the first 7 days, and were significantly greater than those of immobilized tendons throughout the 42-day study period. Actively mobilized tendons healed without the extrinsic adhesions and large tendon calluses that were found in immobilized tendons.
Assigning keywords to documents using machine learning

This paper describes the usage of machine learning techniques to assign keywords to documents. The large hierarchy of documents available on the Web, Yahoo hierarchy, is used here as a real-world problem domain. Machine learning techniques developed for learning on text data are used here on the hierarchical classiication structure. The high number of features is reduced by taking into account hierarchical structure and using feature subset selection based on the method known from information retrieval. Documents are represented as word-vectors that include word sequences (n-grams) instead of just single words. The hierarchical structure of examples and class values is taken into account when deening subproblems and forming training examples for them. Additionally hierarchical structure of class values is used in classiication, where only promising paths in the hierarchy are considered.
Multiple input and multiple output simulation metamodeling using Bayesian networks

This paper proposes a novel approach tomultiple input andmultiple output (MIMO) simulationmetamodeling using Bayesian networks (BNs). ABNis a probabilisticmodel that represents the joint probability distribution of a set of randomvariables and enables the efficient calculation of theirmarginal and conditional distributions. A BN metamodel gives a non-parametric description for the joint probability distribution of randomvariables representing simulation inputs and outputs by combining MIMO data provided by stochastic simulation with available background knowledge about the system under consideration. The BN metamodel allows various what-if analyses that are used for studying the marginal probability distributions of the outputs, the input uncertainty, the dependence between the inputs and the outputs, and the dependence between the outputs as well as for inverse reasoning. The construction and utilization of BN metamodels in simulation studies are illustrated with an example involving a queueing model.
Iterative Reweighted Singular Value Minimization Methods for $l_p$ Regularized Unconstrained Matrix Minimization

In this paper we study general $l_p$ regularized unconstrained matrix minimization problems. In particular, we first introduce a class of first-order stationary points for them. And we show that the first-order stationary points introduced in related work for an $l_p$ regularized $vector$ minimization problem are equivalent to those of an $l_p$ regularized $matrix$ minimization reformulation. We also establish that any local minimizer of the $l_p$ regularized matrix minimization problems must be a first-order stationary point. Moreover, we derive lower bounds for nonzero singular values of the first-order stationary points and hence also of the local minimizers for the $l_p$ matrix minimization problems. The iterative reweighted singular value minimization (IRSVM) approaches are then proposed to solve these problems in which each subproblem has a closed-form solution. We show that any accumulation point of the sequence generated by these methods is a first-order stationary point of the problems. In addition, we study a nonmontone proximal gradient (NPG) method for solving the $l_p$ matrix minimization problems and establish its global convergence. Our computational results demonstrate that the IRSVM and NPG methods generally outperform some existing state-of-the-art methods in terms of solution quality and/or speed. Moreover, the IRSVM methods are slightly faster than the NPG method.
Relationships Among Sexual Harassment, Gender, and Diversity Culture in High School Athletics

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the (a) relationship between an organization's diversity culture and the prevalence of sexual harassment and (b) degree to which gender moderated the association between being sexually harassed and one's job satisfaction and work withdrawal. Data were gathered from 303 (208 men, 95 women) interscholastic coaches. Structural equation modeling indicated that a proactive diversity culture was negatively related to sexual harassment. Sexual harassment held a negative relationship with job satisfaction and a positive association with work withdrawal. The negative association between sexual harassment and job satisfaction was stronger for women than for men. Findings demonstrate the importance of considering how gender moderates sexual harassment's relationship with work outcomes.
Experiences of parents of young people with diabetes using insulin pump therapy.

BACKGROUND National guidance on the use of insulin pump therapy in the management of type 1 diabetes in adults (currently under review) also applies to children and adolescents. However, access to this treatment relies on the availability of health professionals trained in the use of pumps with children and young people rather than on clinical need. AIM To examine the experiences of parents of children and young people using insulin pump therapy treatment to treat their type 1 diabetes. METHOD Parents of 44 children and young people aged one to 16 years identified from the databases of two support and advocacy groups responded to email or postal self-completion questionnaires. RESULTS Percentage frequency and thematic analysis identified issues relating to: access of information about pumps from NHS sources; high initial refusal rates by diabetes teams for children wanting to use the treatment; distance travelled to access a pump-trained team; reasons for starting the treatment; choice; benefits; information and assistance needs once using the treatment; and parents' involvement in deciding their child's diabetes care plan. CONCLUSION Generalisability is limited by the small scale of the study but these results suggest that in addition to improving glycaemic control, insulin pump therapy offers flexibility, choice and a better quality of life for children and their families.
CELF Family RNA–Binding Protein UNC-75 Regulates Two Sets of Mutually Exclusive Exons of the unc-32 Gene in Neuron-Specific Manners in Caenorhabditis elegans

An enormous number of alternative pre–mRNA splicing patterns in multicellular organisms are coordinately defined by a limited number of regulatory proteins and cis elements. Mutually exclusive alternative splicing should be strictly regulated and is a challenging model for elucidating regulation mechanisms. Here we provide models of the regulation of two sets of mutually exclusive exons, 4a–4c and 7a–7b, of the Caenorhabditis elegans uncoordinated (unc)-32 gene, encoding the a subunit of V0 complex of vacuolar-type H+-ATPases. We visualize selection patterns of exon 4 and exon 7 in vivo by utilizing a trio and a pair of symmetric fluorescence splicing reporter minigenes, respectively, to demonstrate that they are regulated in tissue-specific manners. Genetic analyses reveal that RBFOX family RNA–binding proteins ASD-1 and FOX-1 and a UGCAUG stretch in intron 7b are involved in the neuron-specific selection of exon 7a. Through further forward genetic screening, we identify UNC-75, a neuron-specific CELF family RNA–binding protein of unknown function, as an essential regulator for the exon 7a selection. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays specify a short fragment in intron 7a as the recognition site for UNC-75 and demonstrate that UNC-75 specifically binds via its three RNA recognition motifs to the element including a UUGUUGUGUUGU stretch. The UUGUUGUGUUGU stretch in the reporter minigenes is actually required for the selection of exon 7a in the nervous system. We compare the amounts of partially spliced RNAs in the wild-type and unc-75 mutant backgrounds and raise a model for the mutually exclusive selection of unc-32 exon 7 by the RBFOX family and UNC-75. The neuron-specific selection of unc-32 exon 4b is also regulated by UNC-75 and the unc-75 mutation suppresses the Unc phenotype of the exon-4b-specific allele of unc-32 mutants. Taken together, UNC-75 is the neuron-specific splicing factor and regulates both sets of the mutually exclusive exons of the unc-32 gene.
An Exploration of Query Term Deletion

Many search users fail to formulate queries that can well represent information needs. As a result, they often need to reformulate the queries in order to find satisfying results. Query term deletion is one of the commonly used strategies for query reformulation. In this paper, we study the problem in the context of TREC session track. We first show that the reformulated queries used in the session track would lead to less satisfying search results than the original queries, which suggets that the current simulation strategy used in the session track for term deletion might not be a good method. Moreover, we also examine the potential of query term deletion, propose two simple strategies that automatically select terms for deletion, and discuss why the simulation strategy for term deletion fails to reformulate better queries.
Do Kinship Norms Influence Female Education? Evidence from Indonesia

Anthropologists have argued that patrilocal exogamy and patrilineal descent systems are associated with poor education and health outcomes for women. In this paper, we use the nationally representative Indonesian Family Life Survey to examine the links between female educational outcomes and kinship norm variables. Using an ordered probit model, our analysis shows that post-marital migration is associated with poorer educational outcomes for females, and that variables relating to a respondent's province of origin and the ethnicity of the respondent's parents are influential in schooling outcomes for females. Our findings accord with the anthropological literature, which finds that there is a link between gender-differentiated outcomes, kinship norms and ethnicity.
The Sensorimotor System Can Sculpt Behaviorally Relevant Representations for Motor Learning

Abstract The coordinate system in which humans learn novel motor skills is controversial. The representation of sensorimotor skills has been extensively studied by examining generalization after learning perturbations specifically designed to be ambiguous as to their coordinate system. Recent studies have found that learning is not represented in any simple coordinate system and can potentially be accounted for by a mixed representation. Here, instead of probing generalization, which has led to conflicting results, we examine whether novel dynamics can be learned when explicitly and unambiguously presented in particular coordinate systems. Subjects performed center–out reaches to targets in the presence of a force field, while varying the orientation of their hand (i.e., the wrist angle) across trials. Different groups of subjects experienced force fields that were explicitly presented either in Cartesian coordinates (field independent of hand orientation), in object coordinates (field rotated with hand orientation), or in anti-object coordinates (field rotated counter to hand orientation). Subjects learned to represent the dynamics when presented in either Cartesian or object coordinates, learning these as well as an ambiguous force field. However, learning was slower for the object-based dynamics and substantially impaired for the anti-object presentation. Our results show that the motor system is able to tune its representation to at least two natural coordinate systems but is impaired when the representation of the task does not correspond to a behaviorally relevant coordinate system. Our results show that the motor system can sculpt its representation through experience to match those of natural tasks.
Exact Boundary Controllability for 1-D Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems with a Vanishing Characteristic Speed

The general theory on exact boundary controllability for general first order quasilinear hyperbolic systems requires that the characteristic speeds of the system do not vanish. This paper deals with exact boundary controllability, when this is not the case. Some important models are also shown as applications of the main result. The strategy uses the return method, which allows one in certain situations to recover nonzero characteristic speeds.
Miniaturized CMOS thermal sensor array for temperature gradient measurement in microprocessors

A miniaturized thermal sensor for use in Intel's microprocessors has been demonstrated in a cutting-edge purely digital process. The circuit shows nearly linear frequency dependence with temperature of 45kHz/°C. The circuit occupies 3.75×l0<sup>−3</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> and consumes a current of ~ 700uA, which makes it suitable to be placed in array on a microprocessor to measure thermal gradients across the die.
Psychological Contracts and Knowledge Exchange in Virtual Teams

This study examines the influence of psychological contracts on the relations between social ties and knowledge exchange in virtual teams. We empirically tested our model in a field study of virtual teams in a large, multinational R&D firm. Results of structural equation modeling suggest two important antecedents to psychological contracts of knowledge sharing: instrumental and relational embeddedness. Psychological contracts of knowledge sharing are positively associated with knowledge contribution and acquisition. Implications for research and practice are discussed with respect to emerging issues in contemporary psychological contracts.
The Effect of Visual Distractors in Peripheral Vision on User Performance in Large Display Wall Systems

Supported by their large size and high resolution, display walls suit well for different collaboration types. However, in order to foster instead of impede collaboration processes, interaction techniques need to be carefully designed, taking into regard the possibilities and limitations of the display size, and their effects on human perception and performance. In this paper we investigate the impact of visual distractors (which, for instance, might be caused by other collaborators' input) in peripheral vision on short-term memory and attention. The distractors occur frequently when multiple users collaborate in large wall display systems and may draw attention away from the main task, as such potentially affecting performance and cognitive load. Yet, the effect of these distractors is hardly understood. Gaining a better understanding thus may provide valuable input for designing more effective user interfaces. In this article, we report on two interrelated studies that investigated the effect of distractors. Depending on when the distractor is inserted in the task performance sequence, as well as the location of the distractor, user performance can be disturbed: we will show that distractors may not affect short term memory, but do have an effect on attention. We will closely look into the effects, and identify future directions to design more effective interfaces.
Effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitors pargyline and tranylcypromine on cellular proliferation in human prostate cancer cells

Chemotherapy is one of the therapeutic strategies that has been used for the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Although monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, phytoestrogen and antioxidants used in chemotherapy have been systematically studied, their effects on cancer cell growth remain to be fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the MAO inhibitors, pargyline and tranylcypromine on cell survival in human prostate carcinoma (LNCaP-LN3) cells. After treating LNCaP-LN3 cells with pargyline or tranylcypromine, we examined cell proliferation, cell cycle pattern, apoptosis and the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes. The proliferation of cells exposed to pargyline decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner, while tranylcypromine-treated cells showed the opposite results. Treatment with pargyline significantly induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase compared to the control and tranylcypromine-treated cells. In addition, pargyline induced an increase in the cell death rate by promoting apoptosis; however, tranylcypromine had no effect on LNCaP-LN3 cells. Based on our results, we suggest that pargyline is more powerful than tranylcypromine for the treatment of human prostate cancer.
Cross-Talk between the Aeromonas hydrophila Type III Secretion System and Lateral Flagella System

Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for aeromonad septicaemia in fish, and gastroenteritis and wound infections in humans. The type III secretion system (T3SS) is utilized by aeromonads to inject protein effectors directly into host cells. One of the major genetic regulators of the T3SS in several bacterial species is the AraC-like protein ExsA. Previous studies have suggested a link between T3SS regulation and lateral flagella expression. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic regulation of the T3SS and its potential interaction with the lateral flagella system in A. hydrophila. To investigate the genes encoding the T3SS regulatory components exsA, exsD, exsC, and exsE were mutated and the activities of the T3SS promoters were measured in wild type and mutant backgrounds demonstrating a regulatory network. The Exs proteins were shown to interact with each other by BACTH assay and Far-Western Blot. The findings suggested a regulatory cascade in which ExsE was bound to the chaperone protein ExsC. When ExsC was free it sequestered the anti-activator ExsD thus stopping the inhibition of the T3SS master regulator ExsA allowing T3SS expression. The T3SS regulatory components were also shown to affect the expression of the lateral flagella system. The activities of the lateral flagella promoters were shown to be repressed by the absence of ExsD and ExsE, suggesting that the T3SS master regulator ExsA was a negative regulator of the lateral flagella system.
“What and how do we learn from LinkedIn forums?” An exploratory investigation

This study examines several academic and professional LinkedIn forums, and using a grounded theory perspective, observes three key lifelong learning interactions for participants-(a) problem solving through shared learning and helping processes,” (b) a technical features learning center for learning new interfaces and features, and (c) social networking. These three interactions offer a preliminary understanding of the potential for LinkedIn forums as a lifelong learning space, and an innovation space where weak ties and transactive memory systems have the potential to affect multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research practices, as well as create economic value for higher education by connecting active researchers to industry and other researchers.
Detection of enteric viruses in activated sludge by feasible concentration methods

Human enteric viruses are responsible to cause several diseases, including gastroenteritis and hepatitis, and can be present in high amounts in sewage sludge. This study compared virus recovery efficiency of two feasible concentration methods used for detecting human adenovirus (HAdV), rotavirus species A (RV-A), norovirus genogroup II (NoV GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in sewage sludge from an activated sludge process. Twelve sewage sludge samples were collected bi-monthly from January to July, 2011. Ultracentrifugation was compared with a simplified protocol based on beef extract elution for recovering enteric viruses. Viruses were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR assays and virus recovery efficiency and limits of detection were determined. Methods showed mean recovery rates lower than 7.5%, presenting critical limits of detection (higher than 102 – 103 genome copies - GC L−1 for all viruses analyzed). Nevertheless, HAdV were detected in 90% of the analyzed sewage sludge samples (range: 1.8 × 104 to 1.1 × 105 GC L−1), followed by RV-A and NoV (both in 50%) and HAV (8%). Results suggesting that activated sludge is contaminated with high viral loads and HAdV are widely disseminated in these samples. The low virus recovery rates achieved, especially for HAV, indicate that other feasible concentration methods could be developed to improve virus recovery efficiency in these environmental matrices.
Detection with multi-exit asymmetric boosting

We introduce a generalized representation for a boosted classifier with multiple exit nodes, and propose a method to training which combines the idea of propagating scores across boosted classifiers [14, 17] and the use of asymmetric goals [13]. A means for determining the ideal constant asymmetric goal is provided, which is theoretically justified under a conservative bound on the ROC operating point target and empirically near-optimal under the exact bound. Moreover, our method automatically minimizes the number of weak classifiers, avoiding the need to retrain a boosted classifier multiple times for empirical best performance as in conventional methods. Experimental results shows significant reduction in training time and number of weak classifiers, as well as better accuracy, compared to conventional cascades and multi-exit boosted classifiers.
New frontiers in the use of intellectual capital in the public sector

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the articles presented in this special issue. The Special Issue is inspired by our recent review of the intellectual capital (IC) literature in Guthrie et al. (2012, p. 74), in which the authors found that the public sector is one of the least addressed areas of IC research. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature and published document review, experiential reflections and argument. Findings – The paper reveals that interest in public sector and IC is alive and well and the major difference between public sector and mainstream IC research is a complete lack of normative research. The papers in this Journal of Intellectual Capital (JIC) Special Issue continue that tradition. Research limitations/implications – The authors call on public sector IC researchers to continue the third stage and fourth stage IC research tradition encouraging them to explore emerging issues alongside the changes in the social, political and .
A survey of runtime policy enforcement techniques and implementations

Runtime techniques bring new promises of accuracy and flexibility in enforcing security policies. While static security enforcement was previously studied and classified, this work is the first to survey the state of the art on runtime security enforcement. Our purpose is to encourage a better understanding of limitations and advantages of enforcement techniques and their implementations. We classify techniques by criteria such as abstraction level, enforced policies and security guarantees. We analyse several implementations of each technique, from the point of view of trust model, policy language and performance overhead. Finally, we discuss research issues for further investigation in policy enforcement.