Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of context in morphological processing: Evidence from Finnish

This paper is concerned with the role of context on the processing of inflected nouns in Finnish. Identification of partitive plurals with the homonymic suffix -jA was studied by presenting the target nouns in a sentence context and by recording durations of readers' eye fixations and self-paced reading times for these targets. A recent visual lexical decision study indicated that the same inflected words with -jA were sensitive to surface frequency manipulations, but not to base frequency manipulations. The authors interpreted these results to suggest that these inflectional forms are stored and processed by means of their whole-word representations. In contrast, the present context study shows both a surface frequency effect and a lagged base frequency effect. We argue that syntactic cues prior to the target word prime the inflectional reading of the -jA suffix, and as a consequence the base is reinstated as an effective unit in processing these nouns with a homonymic suffix.
Gorringe Ridge gravity and magnetic anomalies are compatible with thrusting at a crustal scale

SUMMARY The main features of the deep structure of the Gorringe Ridge are analysed on the basis of gravity and magnetic measurements, as well as seismic profiles, drill holes, rock dredges, submersible observations and seismicity data. The gravity and magnetic models of the Gettysburg and Ormonde seamounts, which form the Gorringe Ridge, suggest that the Moho is approximately flat and the upper part of the ridge corresponds to a northwestwards vergent fold. This structure is the result of a northwestward vergent thrust that deformed the oceanic crust, with a minimum slip of approximately 20 km. The activity of the thrust probably started 20 Myr, and produced the recent stages of seamount uplift. The seamount is mainly composed of gabbros of the oceanic crust, serpentinized rocks and alkaline basalts. The large antiform, located in the hangingwall of the thrust, is probably deformed by minor faults. This oceanic ridge is a consequence of the oblique convergence between the African Plate and the overlapping Eurasian Plate.
Observations upon the Loudness Recruitment Phenomenon, with Especial Reference to the Differential Diagnosis of Disorders of the Internal Ear and VIII Nerve

anteroposterior, true lateral and right and left obliques. Each of these may be taken on 8+-in. by 6+-in. films. A Potter-Bucky or Lysholm fixed grid should be used for all projections, otherwise the pictures will not be of good quality. It is desirable to take all but the frontal picture with the patient standing or sitting, so that the shoulders may drop to the maximum. The frontal picture should be taken last when one has examined the lateral view. One can then judge how much the central ray must be tilted in order that it passes along the plane of the intervertebral discs of the last three cervical vertebrT. These discs slope forwards and downwards quite considerably. If the straight X-rays are normal, then a cervical disc is not present and there is no arthritis of the small joints. If there is a diminution in the intervertebral disc spaces-and this is common from middle age onwards in the lowest three cervical vertebre-the radiological conclusions are more difficult. The presence of arthritis of the small joints, even with considerable osteophyte proliferation invading the exit foramen, does not necessarily mean pressure on the nerve. Conversely, the absence of osteophytes does not rule out pressure on the nerve, for the periarticular tissues may be swollen and be pressing on the nerve but they may not cast a shadow on the X-ray film. (2) Myelography. Owing to shortage of space this section of Dr. Bull's paper is omitted.
Resilience/thriving in post-secondary students with disabilities: an exploratory study

Executive Summary: Across most universities in Australia, students with a disability have been enrolling in greater numbers than ever before. However, the scholarship and research on equity in the Australian higher education sector has largely ignored the needs of these students. The overarching goal of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of students with a self-disclosed disability enrolled at a regional university in Australia. Given the paucity of research on the subject in Australia, the study was conducted in two stages. In stage one, a web-based survey was used to gather data on socio-demographics, disability characteristics, career optimism, wellbeing, academic satisfaction, and resilience from students with self-disclosed disability at one regional Australian university. In stage two, interviews were conducted with 30 students with self-disclosed disabilities (GPA ≥ 5.5) to gain an in-depth understanding of the strategies used by these students to negotiate barriers to participation in higher education settings. Descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modelling were used to analyse the survey data. Thematic analysis was done with the interview data. A description of the key findings are listed below. Due to the small sample size and self-reported data, the findings needs to be interpreted with some caution. Additionally, this study was conducted at one University, and hence findings cannot be generalised to other universities in Australia.
Validity of Interpretation: A User Validity Perspective Beyond the Test Score

This paper introduces the concept of user validity and provides a new perspective on the validity of interpretations from tests. Test interpretation is based on outputs such as test scores, profiles, reports, spreadsheets of multiple candidates' scores, etc. The user validity perspective focuses on the interpretations a test user makes given the purpose of the test and the information provided in the test output. This innovative perspective focuses on how user validity can be extended to content, criterion, and to some extent construct-related validity. It provides a basis for researching the validity of interpretations and an improved understanding of the appropriateness of different approaches to score interpretation, as well as how to design test outputs and assessments that are pragmatic and optimal.
A comparative study of design for testability methods using high-level and gate-level descriptions

A comparative study of a gate-level test generator and a high-level test generator by benchmarking them on a common suite of circuits is presented. Based on the examination of the results DFT techniques that use high-level circuit information are proposed. The results obtained after partial scan selection by a high-level DFT tool are compared with results obtained by a gate-level partial scan tool. This detailed comparative study demonstrates that a DFT tool can make a more effective selection of partial scan flip-flops by exploiting the high-level circuit information, and by accurately predicting the hard-to-test areas of a circuit. <<ETX>>
N Angry Men

Author(s): Tilley, Arthur Edward | Advisor(s): Scanlon, Thomas | Abstract: We develop the basic results of Bayesian Networks and propose these Networks as a setting for the Classical Condorcet Jury Theorem (CCJT) and related results. Bayesian Networks will allow us to address the plausibility of one of the central assumptions of the CCJT, the independence of individual votes, as well as provide a setting for attempts to generalize the CCJT to situations in which individual votes are not independent.In the second chapter we define CJT Networks, a family of Bayesian Networks in which we interpret the CCJT. We begin with the classical result for juries with homogeneous competence and independent votes and then turn to comparing simple majority rule and random dictatorship for juries with non-homogeneous competence (and independent votes). The main contribution is an elegant combinatorial proof that simple majority rule is preferred to random dictatorship for juries with member competences all in the interval [1/2, 1) with at least one competence greater than 1/2.In the third chapter we address the source and consequences of dependence between juror votes. Our primary concern is with Dietrich and Spiekermann's observation that even in the simplified case where deliberation between jurors is not permitted, it is likely that the individual votes are not mutually independent due to common causes between individual votes. Once again we use the framework of Bayesian Networks to make the nature of the dependence explicit. We examine Dietrich and Spiekermann's generalization of the homogeneous CJT to situations where the individual votes are not independent. We argue that their theorem depends on implausible assumptions and show how there does not appear to a reasonable substitute in sight. We close by looking at an entirely different approach to dependence, which models the group deliberation process as a linear dynamical system, and we introduce the Cesaro voting method to extend on the results of DeGroot.
Nature of Dietary Reporting by Adults in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994

Objective: Low reporting of food intake is an acknowledged problem in dietary assessments; however, differences in food intake relative to reporting status are poorly understood. This study examined the relation of a measure of dietary reporting status with the nature of food intake reported by adults in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Subjects were 6948 women and 6452 men, 20 years of age or older, with a complete and reliable 24-hour dietary recall. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal energy expenditure (EI/BEE) was computed as a measure of dietary reporting status. The independent relation of EI/BEE ratio with 1) the amount, number, and energy density of nutrient-dense and low-nutrient-dense foods, 2) the number of reported eating occasions, 3) macro- and micronutrient intake and 4) serum concentrations of folate, ascorbate and carotenoids were examined using gender-specific multiple regression models. Results: The EI/BEE ratio related positively with the amount, number and energy density of both nutrient-dense and low-nutrient-dense foods, and grams of alcoholic beverages. The EI/BEE ratio was an independent negative predictor of serum folate, ascorbate and alpha-carotene concentrations confirming the underreporting of food sources of these nutrients. The relative odds of reporting ≤ 30% of energy as fat or < 10% of energy as saturated fat decreased with ratio of EI/BEE; however, the odds of reporting all five food groups or meeting the recommended intake of selected micronutrients increased with EI/BEE. Conclusions: The quantity and the quality of food intake reported in the 24-hour recall in NHANES III differed in relation to the ratio of EI/BEE.
Characterization of P2X7R and Its Function in the Macrophages of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis

P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7R), an ATP-gated ion channel, plays an important role during the innate immune response in mammals. However, relatively little is known about the role of P2X7R in the fish immune system. Here, we cloned a cDNA sequence encoding ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) P2X7R (aP2X7R). The predicted protein was composed of 574 amino acid residues with a P2X family signature, two transmembrane domains, and a long C-terminal. aP2X7R transcripts were mainly distributed in ayu immune tissues and significantly increased in all tested tissues and in macrophages after Listonella anguillarum infection. The aP2X7R protein was upregulated significantly in macrophages upon bacterial challenge. An antibody against the ectodomain of aP2X7R (aEPAb) and an antagonist (oATP) were used to block aP2X7R. aP2X7R siRNA was also used to knockdown the receptor expression in ayu macrophages. Cell death induced by ATP was significantly inhibited in ayu macrophages after aEPAb, oATP, or siRNA treatment. Moreover, aP2X7R ablation also resulted in suppression of phagocytic activity and ATP-induced bacterial killing in ayu macrophages. Our results indicated that aP2X7R was upregulated after infection and mediated cell death, phagocytosis, and bacterial killing of ayu macrophages.
Modeling Uncertainty and Evolving Self-Adaptive Software: A Fuzzy Theory Based Requirements Engineering Approach

Self-adaptive software (SAS) is capable of adjusting its behavior in response to meaningful changes in the operational context and itself. Due to the inherent volatility of the open and changeable environment in which SAS is embedded, the ability of adaptation is highly demanded by many software-intensive systems. Two concerns, i.e., the requirements uncertainty and the context uncertainty are most important among others at Requirements Engineering (RE) stage. However, requirements analyzers can hardly figure out the mathematical relation between requirements, system behavior and context, especially for complex and nonlinear systems, due to the existence of above uncertainties, misunderstanding and ambiguity of prior knowledge. An essential issue to be addressed is how to model and specify these uncertainties at RE stage and how to utilize the prior knowledge to achieve adaptation. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy-based approach to modeling uncertainty and achieving evolution. The approach introduces specifications to describe fuzziness. Based on the specifications, we derive a series of reasoning rules as knowledge base for achieving adaptation and evolution. These two targets are implemented through four reasoning schemas from a control theory perspective. Specifically, forward reasoning schema is used for direct adaptation; backward reasoning schema is used for optimal adaptation. Parameter-identified schema implements learning evolution by considering SAS as the gray-box system, while system-identified reasoning schema implements learning evolution by considering SAS as the gray-box system. The former two schemas function as the control group, while the latter two are de-signed as the experimental groups to illustrate the learning ability. Our approach is implemented under three types of context through the demonstration of a mobile computing application.
Anti-Alzheimer’s Studies on β-Sitosterol Isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L.

The family Polygonaceae is known for its traditional use in the management of various neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In search of new anti-AD drugs, β-sitosterol isolated from Polygonum hydropiper was subjected to in vitro, in vivo, behavioral and molecular docking studies to confirm its possibility as a potential anti-Alzheimer’s agent. The in vitro AChE, BChE inhibitory potentials of β-sitosterol were investigated following Ellman’s assay. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. Behavioral studies were performed on a sub-strain of transgenic mice using shallow water maze (SWM), Y-maze and balance beam tests. β-sitosterol was tested for in vivo inhibitory potentials against cholinesterase’s and free radicals in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC). The molecular docking study was performed to predict the binding mode of β-sitosterol in the active sites of AChE and BChE as inhibitor. Considerable in vitro and in vivo cholinesterase inhibitory effects were observed in the β-sitosterol treated groups. β-sitosterol exhibited an IC50 value of 55 and 50 μg/ml against AChE and BChE respectively. Whereas, the activity of these enzymes were significantly low in FC and HC homogenates of transgenic animals. Molecular docking studies also support the binding of β-sitosterol with the target enzyme and further support the in vitro and in vivo results. In the antioxidant assays, the IC50 values were observed as 140, 120, and 280 μg/ml in the DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays respectively. The free radicals load in the brain tissues was significantly declined in the β-sitosterol treated animals as compared to the transgenic-saline treated groups. In the memory assessment and coordination tasks including SWM, Y-maze and balance beam tests, β-sitosterol treated transgenic animals showed gradual improvement in working memory, spontaneous alternation behavior and motor coordination. These results conclude that β-sitosterol is a potential compound for the management of memory deficit disorders like AD.
Pulse contour cardiac output analysis in a piglet model of severe hemorrhagic shock*

Objective:Pulse contour cardiac output (PCCO) analysis is a technique for continuous cardiac output (CO) monitoring through an arterial catheter after calibration by transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD). Studies in adults show good correlation with pulmonary artery thermodilution (PATD) CO. Data are limited in children and patients with hemodynamic instability. The objective was to determine whether TPTD CO and PCCO analysis correlate with PATD CO in a piglet model of severe hemorrhagic shock. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (S&OV0413;o2) was also compared with PATD CO. Design:Prospective animal study. Setting:University animal research laboratory. Subjects:Domesticated piglets, 24–37 kg. Interventions:Hemorrhagic shock was created by graded hemorrhage in anesthetized piglets. Hemorrhage was initiated to achieve mean arterial pressure plateaus of 60, 50, 40, 30, and 20 mm Hg. Measurements and Main Results:CO was measured by PATD and simultaneously with two femoral artery PCCO catheters. At each mean arterial pressure plateau, one PCCO catheter was recalibrated by TPTD; the other catheter was not recalibrated during hemorrhage. TPTD CO, PCCO measurements from each catheter, and S&OV0413;o2 were compared with PATD CO at each mean arterial pressure level. TPTD CO and recalibrated PCCO showed excellent correlation (r2 = .96 and .97) and small bias (+0.11 and +0.14 L/min), respectively, compared with PATD. Without recalibration, PCCO measurements were not accurate during rapid hemorrhage (r2 = .22). S&OV0413;o2 decline did not correlate as well with PATD CO (r2 = .69). Conclusions:TPTD CO and recalibrated PCCO analysis correlate well with PATD CO in this severe hemorrhagic shock model. The mean difference is small (<0.15 L/min) and is not clinically significant. With rapid changes in blood pressure or intravascular volume, PCCO is not accurate unless recalibrated by TPTD CO. S&OV0413;o2 did not correlate well with CO in this model.
Referential place-holding in Chinese children's acquisition of English articles

ABSTRACT This longitudinal study examines the acquisition of English articles by three 6-year-old, second language learning children whose native tongue is Chinese, a language without articles. Brown's coding scheme and an extended coding scheme were used in scoring the corpora of children's responses to a Syntax Elicitation Task. Results revealed that the Chinese children's acquisition of the definite article differed from- what had been previously found using Brown's coding scheme with English as first language learners and second language learning children of other native language origins. Chinese children's use of the definite article developed through an unmarked phase, a referential place-holding phase, a marked phase, and a referential substitution phase before the definite article was fully acquired. The acquisition of the indefinite article, on the other hand, was similar to the acquisition pattern already reported for children learning English as a first language or as a second language. It is suggested that referential place-holding, as well as referential substitution, might not be a Chinese-specific second language learning phenomenon; rather, they might be derived from a universal referential strategy for learning articles.
Feminization of Migration and Trafficking of Women in Mexico

AYoung women from rural areas in Mexico are encouraged to migrate to urban areas to help their families and are then exposed to highly vulnerable situations of sexual exploitation. Every year 10,000 women trafficked internally in Mexico to meet the demand of sex market. This process results a greater health risk in particular to their sexual health, which explored in this research. Seventy three trafficked women were interviewed in La Merced red-light area of Mexico City. Trafficked women in Mexico were basically young women, little educated and unmarried. They were working as prostitutes in hotels and living with pimp. The suffered a wide range of physical and sexual violence. Unwanted pregnancy and forced abortion were common; 65% had had at least one time abortion. All most all women had been infected by sexually transmitted diseases due to their sexual behavior and violence which they confront in their daily life.
Low HIV and high STD among commercial sex workers in a brothel in Bangladesh: scope for prevention of larger epidemic

Summary: The present study documents the first systematic assessment of a brothel in Bangladesh in terms of sexually transmitted disease (STD) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cross sectional study was undertaken on brothel-based commercial sex workers (CSWs) selected systematic random sampling to assess the prevalence of STDs and HIV among CSWs in a brothel setting. Two hundred and ninety-six CSWs were selected from a brothel with a population of 593 women. Following informed consent, endocervical and blood samples were obtained for the diagnosis of genital chlamydia, gonorrhoea, HIV and syphilis respectively. In addition, another 170 consecutive blood samples were collected from the total CSW population for HIV tests. All blood samples for HIV testing were made anonymous by removing patient identifiers before testing. Endocervical specimens were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of genital chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Syphilis and HIV infections were diagnosed by serology. One hundred and sixty-nine (57.1%) of the women were Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA)-positive, 20 (6.8%) of the women were Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL)-positive at a greater than 1:8 dilution. Eighty-two (28%) of the women were found to be infected either by gonorrhoea or chlamydia. No HIV antibody was found in any of the 466 blood samples. A high prevalence of STDs and low prevalence of HIV in the CSWs in Bangladesh suggest potential for the rapid spread of HIV once it is introduced in this high-risk population. The opportunity to control STD and HIV infection in this population should not be missed, in order to prevent a large epidemic in the future.
A machine learning approach for miRNA target prediction

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21 or 22 nucleotides noncoding RNAs known to possess important post-transcriptional regulatory functions. Identifying targeting genes that miRNAs regulate is important for understanding their specific biological functions. Usually, miRNAs down-regulate target genes through binding to the complementary sites in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the targets. Since the binding of the miRNAs of animals is not a perfect one-to-one match with the complementary sites of their targets, it is difficult to find targets of animal miRNAs by accessing their alignment to the 3' UTRs of potential targets. More sophisticated computational approaches are desirable and have been proposed as a result. The most popular algorithms include TargetScan, miRanda, and PicTar. However, they share similar methodology and are restricted by the human observation of conserved nature of miRNAs and their targets. In this article, we develop a statistical learning based approach that uses support vector machine (SVM) as a classifier to predict miRNA targets. SVM have been applied in many fields such as pattern recognition, computational biology, and medical image analysis. With SVM, information is gained automatically from relevant data and therefore human bias can be removed in the decision process.