Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary appendix to "Learning to Extract International Relations from Political Context" (ACL 2013)

k ∑ w∈M,v∈M,w 6=v nw,knv,k To properly compute a posterior expectation using multiple samples,Q/N should be re-evaluated on several complete samples and then averaged. However, we found little variation between samples so used only one. We also tried evaluating a singleQ/N where nwk and nvk are averaged counts from multiple samples—using this corresponds to a factored, mean-field-like approximation to the posterior—but it also was very similar to using a single sample. The implementation is in verbdict/score.py.
Bioleaching genomics

Mineral ores are full of metals, some very precious – but how to extract them? The Hamersley mines in the Pilbara in Western Australia contain such rich iron ore that it can almost be welded as it comes out of the ground. Traditionally, metals are extracted by ‘smelting’ or pyrometallurgy, the thermal treatment of minerals and metallurgical ores and concentrates to bring about physical and chemical transformations, which then enables recovery of valuable metals. But this process is energy-consuming and generates many undesirable side-products such as toxic gases. Alternatively, bioleaching (or biomining) by microorganisms is used to extract metals from ores by dissolving them into extremely acidic aqueous solution. Bioleaching is a natural process involving acidophilic bacteria and archaea, which have the ability to either oxidize metal sulfides or to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs) to sulfuric acid, or both (Fig. 1, left panel). Acid mine drainage liquors were found to contain bacteria responsible for producing iron-rich acidic waters from coal and metal mines. Bioleaching is used today in commercial operations to process ores of copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc and uranium, whereas biooxidation is used in gold processing and coal desulfurization. The biomining industry has a long-standing interest in the use of extreme acidophiles for metals recovery from ores (for recent reviews see Rawlings, 2002; 2005; Valenzuela et al., 2006; Rawlings and Johnson, 2007). These organisms, with as prime example the mesophilic chemolithotrophic bacterium Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans, can liberate precious (e.g. gold) and base (e.g. copper) metals trapped in metal sulfides (e.g. iron pyrite and chalcopyrite) through dissimilatory oxidative processes. Biological regeneration of Fe3+ from Fe2+ is the key to chemical attack of metal sulfides. Efficacy in biomining environments also requires tolerance of high levels of toxic heavy metals as well as the ability to assimilate inorganic carbon, as organic sources can be scarce in this environment. A full complement of these desirable traits is not typically present in a single native microorganism, but may be in a consortium. Here we give a brief update of the current status of (meta)genome sequencing and genomics of bioleaching microorganisms and communities.
Race and Real Estate

vention models, and GLS estimation. This will be useful for students in the future when they are looking up code for a particular diagnostic test or time series model without having to work back through the entire code for a chapter in the textbook. Some steps that are presented in earlier chapters are also skipped in the sample code for later chapters (yet executed as part of the routines), so I also tried to fill in the steps for each STATA do file that I put together to help students see all of the estimation stages. But I found overall that the code was quite accurate for reproducing the tables and graphs in the book and easy to explain to students in the lab setting. In short, if you are looking for a wellwritten and accessible time series analysis textbook, I highly recommend Time Series Analysis for the Social Sciences. The book covers most of the important topics one would want to discuss in an introductory time series course, the applications cover a wide range of empirical areas within social science research, and the computer code provided on the book’s website makes the content easily replicable for students using the book.
Structural motif detection in high-throughput structural probing of RNA molecules

In recent years, the advances in structural probing in RNAs have led to the development of high throughput experiments that generate vast amounts of data that is not feasible to curate manually. Analogous to the case of high-throughput genome sequencing, there is a need to analyze the structural results via computational methods. In this project, we propose an algorithm based on support vector machines (SVMs) to find structural motifs in data produced by an avant-garde method for RNA structural probing known as RNA tapestries. In this experimental method, every base of a specific RNA molecule is mutated iteratively, one by one, producing N number of mutants (where N is the length of the RNA, in nucleotides). Each mutant is then modified using different chemical treatments, such as DMS, CMCT, and SHAPE[3, 1]. The modification of the molecule occurs in sites where the RNA is unstructured (such as hairpins and loops for SHAPE chemical footprinting) or in specific base types (adenosine and cytosine for DMS, and guanine and uridine for CMCT), thereby, giving a strong fragment signal during reverse transcription check by gel electrophoresis. The final array of the modified mutants is given in form of a matrix T , where each entry, T (i, j), is the signal strength of the ith nucleotide of the molecule in the jth mutant. Careful analysis of T may allow the recognition of patterns that are helpful in determining the structure of the RNA in question.
Building verbs in language mixing varieties

Abstract This paper discusses two patterns of language mixing involving verbal predicates produced by bilingual speakers, the so-called light verb construction and the so-called affixal pattern. The empirical focus of the study is on Greek-German and Cypriot Greek-English varieties, which are contrasted to the Spanish-German variety discussed in González-Vilbazo and López (2011). An analysis of the constructions is offered using the tools of Distributed Morphology and Minimalist Syntax. The paper shows that bilingual speakers have very detailed knowledge of fine properties of their two linguistic systems that become apparent in the context of building verbs.
A prototyping environment for specifying, executing and checking communicating real‐time state machines

We describe a toolset, consisting of a graphical editor, a simulator, and an assertion checker, for prototyping real‐time systems that are specified as Communicating Real‐Time State machines (CRSMs). CRSMs are timed state machines that communicate synchronously over unidirectional channels. The system behavior of CRSMs is characterized by a time‐stamped trace of communication events. Safety and timing assertions on the trace of communication events are expressed in a notation based on Real‐Time Logic. We illustrate the simulator and assertion checker by specifying a traffic‐light controller and other real‐time systems. There are two main contributions in this work: first, the prototyping environment serves as a validation of the model, the execution algorithm and paper design of example CRSMs, demonstrating that the ideas are realizable and potentially useful. Secondly, the paper presents a novel and useful method of specifying safety and timing properties, and checking them during simulation.
Ring SPMD algorithm for the algebraic path problem : implementation on the CELL processor

The algebraic path problem (APP) unifies a number of related combinatorial or numerical problems into one that can be resolved by a generic algorithmic schema. In this paper, we propose a linear SPMD model based on the Warshall-Floyd procedure with a shift-toröıdal postprocessing at each step to solve the problem in a work optimal manner. The initial solution requires a number of nodes that equals the size of the input matrix. With a fewer number of computing nodes, we exploit the modularity revealed by our scheduling to achieve the task using a locally parallel and globally sequential (LPGS) partitioning. Moreover, our solution requires a fewer local memory on each node. These two characteristics motivate an implementation on the CELL processor, in addition to the efficient SPE to SPE communication bandwidth and the intrinsic power of each SPE. We report our experimentations on a QS22 CELL blade on various input configurations and exhibit the efficiency and scalability of our implementation.
Using personalized radio to enhance local music discovery

We explore the use of personalized radio to facilitate the discovery of music created by local artists. We describe a system called MegsRadio.fm that produces a customizable stream of music by both local and well-known (non-local) artists based on seed artists, tags, venues and/or location. We hypothesize that the more popular artists provide context for introducing new music by more obscure local artists. We also suggest that both the easy-to-use and serendipitous nature of the radio model are advantageous when designing a system to help individuals discover new music. Finally, we describe an interactive map that features personalized event recommendations based on the user's listening history. Results from a small-scale user study indicate that users are more aware of the local music scene after using it, discover relevant local music events, and would recommend the experience to others.
Fisheye-Based Method for GPS Localization Improvement in Unknown Semi-Obstructed Areas

A precise GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) localization is vital for autonomous road vehicles, especially in cluttered or urban environments where satellites are occluded, preventing accurate positioning. We propose to fuse GPS (Global Positioning System) data with fisheye stereovision to face this problem independently to additional data, possibly outdated, unavailable, and needing correlation with reality. Our stereoscope is sky-facing with 360° × 180° fisheye cameras to observe surrounding obstacles. We propose a 3D modelling and plane extraction through following steps: stereoscope self-calibration for decalibration robustness, stereo matching considering neighbours epipolar curves to compute 3D, and robust plane fitting based on generated cartography and Hough transform. We use these 3D data with GPS raw data to estimate NLOS (Non Line Of Sight) reflected signals pseudorange delay. We exploit extracted planes to build a visibility mask for NLOS detection. A simplified 3D canyon model allows to compute reflections pseudorange delays. In the end, GPS positioning is computed considering corrected pseudoranges. With experimentations on real fixed scenes, we show generated 3D models reaching metric accuracy and improvement of horizontal GPS positioning accuracy by more than 50%. The proposed procedure is effective, and the proposed NLOS detection outperforms CN0-based methods (Carrier-to-receiver Noise density).
Visualization methods for molecular studies on the web platform

This work presents a technical solution for the creation of visualization schemes for biological data on the web platform. The proposed technology tries to overcome the standard approach of molecular/biochemical visualization tools, which generally provide a fixed set of visualization methods. This goal is reached by exploiting the capabilities of the WebGL API and the high level objects of the SpiderGL library, these features will give the users the possibility to implement an arbitrary visualization scheme, while keeping simple the implementation process. To better explain the philosophy and capabilities of this technology, we will describe the implementation of the web version of a specific visualization method, demonstrating how it can deal with both the requirements of scientific rigor in manipulating the data and the necessity to produce flexible and appealing rendering styles.
Self-concept changes in multiple self-concept domains of gifted students participating in a summer residential school

ABSTRACT The present study investigated changes in self-esteem, academic self-concept, intellectual self-concept, and social self-concepts of acceptance, assertion, relations with same-sex peers and relations with other-sex peers with 177 gifted students participating in a 16-day summer school in Germany. Students were assessed three times by self-report questionnaires, one or three weeks before the school started, at the seventh day, and at the fifteenth day of the summer school. Scales showed strict measurement invariance over time such that scale means could be compared by repeated measures ANOVAs. Although academic self-concept did not change over time, intellectual self-concept showed a decrease during the visit of the school that was of small effect size (Hedges’ g = .13). Descriptively, self-esteem showed a positive development over time, but this increase was small and not significant. The social self-concepts of acceptance, relations with same-sex peers, and relations with other-sex peers significantly increased over time (Hedges’ |g| between .14 and .40). Changes were comparable for male and female students. Overall, our findings support summer schools as an effective means to foster gifted students’ socioemotional needs.
A neural network based fall detector

In this project we present an intelligent fall detector system based on a 3-axis accelerometer and a neural network model that allows recognizing several possible motion situations and performing an emergency call only when a fall situation occurs, with low false negatives rate and low false positives rate. The system is based on a two module platform. The first one is a Mobile Station (MS) and should be carried always by the person. An accelerometer is implemented in this module and its information is transferred via a radio-frequency channel (RF) to the Base Station (BS). The BS is fixed and is connected to a GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) module. A neural network model was built into the BS and is able to identify falls from other possible motion situations, based on the received information. According to the neural network response the system sends a SMS (Short Message Service) to a destination number requesting for assistance.
EmoSoNet: An Emotion-aware Social Network for Emotional Wellbeing

This paper presents our initial ideas towards developing an emotion-aware social network for the purpose of increasing emotional wellbeing. The framework will use sensors and behavior analysis methods in order to infer users’ stress level automatically with minimal user effort and use audio, animation and vibro-tactile feedback for enhanced engagement. Additionally, we will explore the role of social support, social influence and gamification for sustained behavior change.
Fault-tolerant and Distributed Control in Medical Cyber-Physical Systems

Medical cyber-physical systems (MCPS) integrate a number of medical devices to prevent safety hazards as well as improve efficiency of clinical procedures. Most of existing approaches for MCPS control are either in centralized manner or assuming ideal network conditions (e.g., no message loss). However, the high dynamicity of clinical environment calls for distributed control, and also invalidates the ideal network assumption. To fill this gap, we propose a distributed control approach for MCPS in the network environment with asynchronous and unreliable communications. This is very challenging because MCPS are safety-critical and tightly blend a variety of characteristics from different technical domains. Our solution to this problem is based on a modular software design, which not only makes algorithm design easier, but also reduces software complexity to address device manufacturers’ concern on cost and timeto-market. Moreover, we propose detailed algorithms for each functional module, and theoretically prove that those algorithms can tolerate message loss and prevent safety hazards. To evaluate the algorithms, we have conducted extensive simulation based on real-world traces. Simulation results show that while ensuring safety, our algorithms can achieve good system performance.
Radio communication in random graphs: extended abstract

One of the most frequently studied problems in the context of information dissemination in communication networks is the broadcasting problem. We propose here several time efficient, centralized as well as fully distributed procedures for the broadcasting problem in random radio networks. In particular we show how to perform a centralized broadcast in a random graph <i>Gp</i>=(<i>V</i>,<i>E</i>) of size <i>n</i>=|<i>V</i>| and expected average degree <i>d</i>=<i>pn</i> in time <i>O</i>(ln <i>n</i>/ln<i>d</i>+ln<i>d</i>). Later we present a randomized distributed broadcasting algorithm with the running time <i>O</i>(ln <i>n</i>). In both cases we show that the presented algorithms are asymptotically optimal by deriving lower bounds on the complexity of radio broadcasting in random graphs. In these proofs we determine some structural properties in random graphs which may be of independent interest. We should note here that the results of this paper hold with probability 1-<i>o</i>(1/<i>n</i>).
Design metrics for evaluating the propulsive efficiency of future ships

There is an increasing need for the ship design process to take account of environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases and the likely extension of a carbon dioxide charging mechanism to international shipping. These issues, together with the need for economic viability, provide further incentives to improve the efficiency of propulsion of ships. The main components of powering are firstly reviewed. Individual components and other power saving devices are identified which should contribute to improvements in the overall efficiency of propulsion. Suitable design metrics and procedures, taking into account economic and environmental factors, are recommended for the design of future ships.
Frame aggregation-based power-saving scheduling algorithm for broadband wireless networks

The limitation on the battery lifetime has been a critical issue for the advancement of mobile computing. Different types of power-saving techniques have been proposed in various fields. In order to provide feasible energy-conserving mechanisms for the mobile subscriber stations (MSSs), three power-saving types have been proposed for the IEEE 802.16e broadband wireless networks. However, these power-saving types are primarily targeting for the cases with a single connection between the base station (BS) and the MSS. With the existence of multiple connections, the power efficiency obtained by adopting the conventional scheduling algorithm can be severely degraded. In this paper, with the consideration of the multiple connections and their quality-of-service (QoS) constraints, a frame aggregation-based power-saving scheduling (FAPS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the power efficiency by aggregating multiple underutilized frames into fully-utilized ones. The performance evaluation is conducted and compared via the simulations. Simulation results show that the sleep frame ratio (i.e., a power efficiency metric) of the proposed FAPS algorithm outperforms the baseline protocols with tolerable delay.
ON direction‐selective ganglion cells in the mouse retina

Two types of ganglion cells (RGCs) compute motion direction in the retina: the ON–OFF direction‐selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) and the ON DSGCs. The ON DSGCs are much less studied mostly due to the low encounter rate. In this study, we investigated the physiology, dendritic morphology and synaptic inputs of the ON DSGCs in the mouse retina. When a visual stimulus moved back and forth in the preferred–null axis, we found that the ON DSGCs exhibited a larger EPSC when the visual stimulus moved in the preferred direction and a larger IPSC in the opposite, or null direction, similar to what has been found in ON–OFF DSGCs. This similar synaptic input pattern is in contrast to other well‐known differences, namely: profile of velocity sensitivity, distribution of preferred directions, and different central projection of the axons. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the dendrites of ON DSGCs exhibited tight cofasciculation with the cholinergic plexus. These findings suggest that cholinergic amacrine cells may play an important role in generating direction selectivity in the ON DSGCs, and that the mechanism for coding motion direction is probably similar for the two types of DSGCs in the retina.
An evidence based methodology for cultural institutions seeking to identify and profile their local populations

ABSTRACT Community is a term utilised in policy to describe a collective target audience for public services. Political requirements mean that delivering direct and indirect benefits to local people is regarded as essential to obtaining public sources of funding for cultural organisations. Regardless of any external pressure, cultural organisations strive to be conscious, receptive or inclusive of the views of the public. This paper summarises how a robust approach was developed to identify and profile groupings of residents within an area in relation to their local civic museum (UK). This method resulted in a nuanced understanding of a museum's local population, identifying groupings upon which to base its future plans. Crucially, the methods outlined in this paper are transferable to cultural institutions in different settings worldwide. Our discussion contributes to the wider endeavour of evidencing impacts of museums on variously defined communities.
Disturbance attenuation problem for overactuated systems with actuator saturation: A control allocation based approach

In this paper, a two-stage control allocation based covariance controller design method is proposed to ensure a certain level of disturbance attenuation property for a class of overactuated systems. The proposed method is equally efficient as existing single-stage design technique for assigning a state or output covariance matrix. A set of sufficient conditions has been derived for which the actuator displacements in single-stage technique and in the proposed allocation based method become same. The design steps are formulated in the linear matrix inequality framework. In the presence of actuator saturation, the allocation based method yields better closed-loop performance compared to the single-stage design technique until the level of actuator saturation remains under the attainable range of the allocator. To elucidate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two flight control design examples have been presented.
The effects of rational stage directed therapy upon the reduction of selected variables of psychological stress: a comparative study.

3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. If is customary to begin phofoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
Low-Knowledge Algorithm Control

This paper addresses the question of allocating computational resources among a set of algorithms in order to achieve the best performance on a scheduling problem instance. Our primary motivation in addressing this problem is to reduce the expertise needed to apply constraint technology. Therefore, we investigate algorithm control techniques that make decision based only on observations of the improvement in solution quality achieved by each algorithm. We call our approach "low-knowledge" since it does not rely on complex prediction models. We show that such an approach results in a system that achieves significantly better performance than all of the pure algorithms without requiring additional human expertise. Furthermore the low knowledge approach achieves performance equivalent to a perfect high-knowledge classification approach.