Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The misinformation effect is unrelated to the DRM effect with and without a DRM warning

The misinformation and Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigms are used to study forms of false memories. Despite the abundance of research using these two paradigms, few studies have examined the relationship between the errors that arise from them. In the present study, 160 participants completed a misinformation task and two DRM tasks, receiving a warning about the effect before the second DRM task. Participants demonstrated misinformation and DRM effects (with and without the warning), but susceptibility to these forms of false memory were not significantly related across individuals. The DRM warning reduced the DRM effect, and signal detection analysis revealed that the DRM warning reduced a liberal response bias in this task. Sensitivity and response bias in both DRM tasks were not significantly related to these measures in the misinformation task. These findings suggest that these two forms of false memories are not interchangeable and they appear to be the result of different cognitive processes.
A fully configurable and scalable neural coprocessor IP for SoC implementations of machine learning applications

This paper presents a fully configurable and programmable coprocessor IP core to efficiently compute Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in heterogeneous System-on-Chips (SoC). There is an increasing interest in moving applications involving streamed data such as those arising in machine-learning systems (machine-vision, speech-recognition, etc.) to highly-integrated low-power embedded devices. In this context efficient memory utilization, which is critical to both performance and energy consumption, requires handling multiple memory resources and different address spaces. The proposed IP core cooperates with a companion interconnect IP that acts as an abstraction layer to allow seamless integration of such heterogeneous resources. Dynamic (re)allocation is supported, so that embedded memory resources (Block RAMs) and external blocks (DDR memory) can be transparently used. The coprocessor itself is a configurable vector-matrix product computer with optional non-linear filtering, thus any single layer and multilayer ANN model can be easily implemented. The applicability of the IPs is demonstrated in a Hyperspectral Image (HSI) real-time classification problem.
Applying Optimizations for Dynamically-typed Languages to Java

While Java is a statically-typed language, some of its features make it behave like a dynamically-typed language at run time. This includes Java's boxing of primitive values as well as generics, which rely on type erasure. This paper investigates how runtime technology for dynamically-typed languages such as JavaScript and Python can be used for Java bytecode. Using optimistic optimizations, we specialize bytecode instructions that access references in such a way, that they can handle primitive data directly and also specialize data structures in order to avoid boxing for primitive types. Our evaluation shows that these optimizations can be successfully applied to a statically-typed language such as Java and can also improve performance significantly. With this approach, we get an efficient implementation of Java's generics, avoid changes to the Java language, and maintain backwards compatibility, allowing existing code to benefit from our optimization transparently.
The epidemiology of multiple-clone Plasmodium falciparum infections in Gambian patients

The occurrence of multiple-clone Plasmodium falciparum haploid blood-stage infections is a pre-requisite for cross-fertilization and genetic exchange at the diploid stage in the mosquito. Using monoclonal antibodies against 3 polymorphic blood-stage antigens, a method of two-colour differential immunofluorescence allowed the resolution of between 1 and 4 clones/isolate. A mean of 2 P. falciparum clones was detected in the blood of malaria patients in The Gambia. The mean number of clones/patient showed no correlation with age, parasitaemia, or disease severity. There was a slight difference in mean number between sample periods, probably reflecting temporal differences in transmission intensity. A statistical analysis of 2-locus genetic diversity of clones within isolates concludes that not all multiple-clone infections result from superinfection, but that some are due to single multiple-clone inoculations.
Race, socioeconomic status and survival difference in cutaneous melanoma patients in California.

8023 Background: Survival data for malignant melanoma patients of various ethnic backgrounds are lacking. Furthermore, the modifying effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on survival in melanoma patients is unknown. This study was performed to analyze survival differences for cutaneous melanoma patients of each major ethnicity, including analysis of the effect of SES on outcomes, using a statewide cancer registry. METHODS A case-only analysis of data from the California Cancer Registry database during 1992-2002 was conducted. The primary outcome measured was overall survival for each ethnic group. Univariate survival analyses were conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test; multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazards ratios. RESULTS 46,218 incident cases of invasive cutaneous melanoma were identified, including 39,741 Caucasians (93.47%), 2263 (5.32%) Hispanics, 331(0.78%) Asians, 172 (0.40%) African-Americans, and 12 (0.03%) Native Americans (P<0.0001). On univariate survival analysis, improved 10-year overall survival rates were noted for Hispanics (63.2%) and Caucasians (60.9%) compared to Asians (51.1%), African-Americans (39.8%), and Native Americans (30.6%) (P<0.0001). A statistically significant survival difference was observed for melanoma patients based on SES (P<0.0001), favoring those with high SES. Multivariate survival analysis revealed an increased hazard ratio (HR) for African-Americans (HR=1.594; P=0.0023) compared to Caucasians, after adjustment for age, sex, stage, Breslow depth, histologic subtype,location, and SES. Increased age, male sex, regional and remote stages, melanoma of the head/face, Breslow depth categories 2, 3, and 4, nodular melanoma, melanoma-NOS, and lowest SES quartile were independently associated with poor survival (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with invasive cutaneous melanoma, survival is significantly decreased for African-Americans compared to Caucasians. This is not explained by differences in SES, stage, Breslow depth, age, sex, histological subtype, and location. Our epidemiologic observations suggest that intrinsic differences may exist for African-American melanoma patients, adversely affecting survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A continuous-time hidden Markov model for mean-variance portfolio optimization

We study a mean-variance portfolio selection problem under a hidden Markov regime-switching Black-Scholes-Merton economy with parameter uncertainty. By exploiting the separation principle, we solve the mean-variance portfolio selection problem and the filtering/estimation problem separately. An explicit solution to the mean-variance problem is derived using the stochastic maximum principle. Robust filters of the chain and robust-based EM algorithm for unknown model parameters are developed.
Microbial Penetration and Utilization of Organic Aircraft Fuel-Tank Coatings

Microorganisms have been found as contaminants in various types of aircraft fuel tanks. Their presence introduces problems in the operation of the aircraft, including destruction of components such as the organic coatings used as protective linings in the fuel tanks. Microbial penetration and utilization of the currently used organic coatings, EC 776, DV 1180, PR 1560, and DeSoto 1080, were determined by changes in electrical resistances of the coatings; mycelial weight changes; growth counts of the bacteria; and manometric determinations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GD-FW B-25) and Cladosporium resinae (QMC-7998). The results indicate EC 776 and DV 1180 to be less resistant to microbial degradation than the other coatings. Organic coatings, serving as a source of nutrition, would be conducive to population buildups in aircraft fuel tanks.
Discovery of a Novel, Potent, and Src Family-selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Here, we have studied the activity of a novel protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is selective for the Src family of tyrosine kinases. We have focused our study on the effects of this compound on T cell receptor-induced T cell activation, a process dependent on the activity of the Src kinases Lck and FynT. This compound is a nanomolar inhibitor of Lck and FynT, inhibits anti-CD3-induced protein-tyrosine kinase activity in T cells, demonstrates selectivity for Lck and FynT over ZAP-70, and preferentially inhibits T cell receptor-dependent anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation over non-T cell receptor-dependent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/interleukin-2 (IL-2)-induced T cell proliferation. Interestingly, this compound selectively inhibits the induction of the IL-2 gene, but not the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or IL-2 receptor genes. This compound offers a useful new tool for examining the role of the Lck and FynT tyrosine kinases versus ZAP-70 in T cell activation as well as the role of other Src family kinases in receptor function.
Therapeutic advances in small cell lung cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterised by neuroendocrine differentiation, early metastatic potential and initial responsiveness to cytotoxic therapy. Unfortunately, despite recent therapeutic advances, most patients relapse and the overall five-year survival rate is only 5%. Standard treatment of SCLC consists of platinum-based combination chemotherapy, with thoracic irradiation added for patients with limited-stage disease. Several newer chemotherapeutic drugs have recently been shown to have significant activity in patients with untreated or relapsed SCLC. These agents include: the topoisomerase I inhibitors, topotecan and irinotecan; the taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel; the pyrimidine analogue, gemcitabine; and the vinca alkaloid, vinorelbine. Recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis and progression of SCLC have led to the identification of a variety of potential targets for novel therapeutic interventions. Strategies aimed at inhibiting the myriad of growth factor pathways that control the proliferation of SCLC cells, include: broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists (e.g., substance P analogues); growth factor/receptor-specific inhibitors (e.g., anti-GRP monoclonal antibodies, bradykinin antagonist dimers); and a variety of selective protein kinase inhibitors. The importance of cell death pathways in carcinogenesis and treatment-resistance has led to several novel strategies targeting apoptotic mediators, such as bcl-2, that are frequently dysregulated in SCLC (e.g., bcl-2 antisense). Our current challenges are to further refine these promising therapeutic strategies, efficiently evaluate their activity in the clinical setting and integrate them into more effective treatment regimens to improve the overall prognosis of patients with SCLC.
Protective Effect of Bilirubin in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Rat Intestine

Background Although bilirubin, which crosses the blood–brain barrier, can cause irreversible brain damage, it also possesses antioxidant properties that may be protective against oxidative stress. Intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury results in cell destruction, mediated via the generation of reactive oxygen species. Although increased serum bilirubin is correlated with increased antioxidant potential in the face of hyperoxia, evidence of bilirubin-associated protective effect against IR injury remains nonspecific. We therefore sought to investigate whether hyperbilirubinemia would be protective against IR injury to the intestine. Methods Young adult rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) IR/control (n = 12); 2) IR/hyperbilirubinemia (n = 10), in which IR was generated while the rats were treated with a continuous infusion of bilirubin; and 3) hyperbilirubinemia controls (n = 10). Blood and intestinal tissue samples were obtained to determine serial thiobarbituric acid reducing substances (index of lipid peroxidation) and for xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase and glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratios. Intestinal histopathology was graded from 1 (normal) to 4 (severe necrotic lesions). Results Histopathologic scoring and circulating and tissue thiobarbituric acid reducing substances were highest in the IR/control animals compared with either the IR/hyperbilirubinemics or the controls. All of these are consistent with the most severe injury in this group. Xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase ratios were not significantly different among the groups. Conclusion Hyperbilirubinemia ameliorates the extent of intestinal IR injury in our model and appears to act as an antioxidant. This study supports the concept that bilirubin possesses some beneficial properties in vivo, although no direct clinical conclusions can be drawn from these data.
Development of Maize Host Resistance to Aflatoxigenic Fungi

Aflatoxins, the toxic and highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites of Aspergillus flavus and A.parasiticus are the most widely investigated of all mycotoxins because of their cen‐ tral role in establishing the significance of mycotoxins in animal diseases, and the regula‐ tion of their presence in food [1, 2]. Aflatoxins pose serious health hazards to humans and domestic animals, because they frequently contaminate agricultural commodities [3, 4]. Presently, numerous countries have established or proposed regulations for control‐ ling aflatoxins in food and feeds [5]; the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has limits of 20 ppb, total aflatoxins, on interstate commerce of food and feed, and 0.5 ppb of aflatoxin M1 on the sale of milk. However, many countries, especially in the develop‐ ing world, experience contamination of domestic-grown commodities at alarmingly great‐ er levels than does the U.S. Evidence of this was shown in a study that revealed a strong association between exposure to aflatoxin and both stunting (a reflection of chron‐ ic malnutrition) and being underweight (a reflection of acute malnutrition) in West Afri‐ can children [6]. Also, a 2004 outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya, due to the ingestion of contaminated maize, resulted in 125 deaths [7].
Challenges of a mobile application for asthma and allergic rhinitis patient enablement-interface and synchronization.

BACKGROUND Asthma and allergic rhinitis (ARA) are common inflammatory diseases of the airways. Enhancement of a patient's participation on clinical decisions is related to better results in control of diseases. To control ARA, patients should monitor their symptoms, avoid triggers, and follow their treatment plan. This study described the challenges of developing a mobile application, called m.Carat, that records the main events related to ARA. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mobile application m.Carat was developed for Android™ (Google, Mountain View, CA) and iPhone(®) (Apple, San Jose, CA) smartphones. It was developed using PhoneGap, which allows the development of applications for several mobile operating systems. To generate the user interface, jQuery Mobile, HTML, Javascript, and CSS were used. Despite the use of mobile development frameworks, some input and output elements had to be improved. To evaluate the interface, a pilot study was performed with eight users who performed 10 different tasks in the application. To synchronize m.Carat with an online database, an algorithm was developed from scratch. This feature represents a major challenge because all the changes must be reflected in all devices. RESULTS Currently m.Carat is a mobile application where ARA patients fill out a questionnaire to assess the degree of control of ARA and record their exacerbations, triggers, symptoms, medications, lung function tests, and visits to the doctor or the hospital. They also can receive information and news about ARA, define medication and tasks notifications, and synchronize all records at caratnetwork.org with an online database. The evaluation showed some of the adopted solutions to improve interface usability did not work as expected. Of the 80 total tasks tested the users had no difficulty in 37(46%). Most of the problems observed were easily solved. CONCLUSIONS m.Carat is a mobile application for ARA that may contribute to patient enablement. The development of m.Carat suggests that mobile applications may introduce specific challenges that need new solutions.
Selected Readings in the History of Physiology

Fulton's Selected Readings in the History of Physiology , originally published in 1930, went rapidly out of print and became a scarce item, much sought after by historically minded students and physicians, as well as by physiologists. Before his death in 1960, Dr. Fulton had planned to revise and enlarge this book, but, although he had collected much new material and partly outlined the new edition, he was unable to complete it. Dr. Wilson, who came to Yale very shortly after Dr. Fulton's death, brought the new volume to completion, following Dr. Fulton's original plans as much as possible. Miss Elizabeth Thompson and Miss Madeline Stanton collaborated in completing the work. The new edition is substantially larger than the old. Instead of 87 selections, it now has 210. Instead of 8 major chapters or topics, it now has 12. The old category of "Miscellaneous" has been eliminated, and new areas of
Formation, spectroscopic characterization, and application of sulfhydryl-terminated alkanethiol monolayers for the chemical attachment of DNA onto gold surfaces

A novel surface modification procedure for the creation of sulfhydryl-terminated alkanethiol monolayers that can be used for the attachment of biomolecules onto gold surfaces is described. A self-assembled monolayer of the amine-terminated alkanethiol 11-mercaptoundecylamine (MUAM) is reacted with the heterobifunctional cross-linker N-succinimidyl S-acetylthiopropionate (SATP) in order to create a protected sulfhydryl-terminated monolayer. This monolayer can then be deprotected in an alkaline solution to create an active sulfhydryl surface. Compounds that have been modified to contain a maleimide moiety can be easily attached onto the sulfhydryl-derivatized gold surface. In a second attachment strategy, the sulfhydryl-terminated monolayer is reacted with 2,2‘-dipyridyl disulfide to form disulfide bonds on the surface. These disulfide bonds are then used in a thiol−disulfide exchange reaction with free sulfhydryls in order to attach biomolecules, such as thiol-modified DNA or cysteine-containing polypeptid.
Usage-based phonology and simulations as means to investigate unintuitive voicing behavior

According to studies conducted by Coetzee & Pretorius (2010) and Rothenberg (1968), languages from the Sotho-Tswana group of Bantu languages demonstrate unintuitive voicing behavior in devoicing of post-nasal voiced plosives (/mb/→[mp]) – unintuitive in that greater articulatory effort is required to terminate voicing than to maintain it (Westbury & Keating, 1986). Nasals preceding stop consonants are said to have appeared in Bantu languages in order to facilitate production of voicing during the stop segment and were lost later during language evolutionary changes in languages like Swahili, Sotho or Duala (Meinhof, 1932). Current studies on Tswana and Shekgalagari (Coetzee & Pretorius, 2 010; Hyman, 2001; Sole et al., 2010), however, demonstrate that nasal segments remained in those languages – surprisingly not only before voiced stops but also before voiceless ones. We present an attempt at using computational simulations on voicing behavior of Tswana post-nasal stops. Previous approaches to phonological simulations (e.g. Boersma & Hamann, 2008) put a strong emphasis on the functional bias and its role in language change. We base our investigations on the assumption that the role of social biases might play even a higher role in the formation and change of phonologically and phonetically driven sociolinguistic processes (Nettle, 1999; Coetzee & Pretorius, 2010).
Variable EBVDNA Load Distributions and Heterogeneous EBV mRNA Expression Patterns in the Circulation of Solid Organ versus Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

1 Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2 Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Hospital Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands 3 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands 4 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands 5 Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands 6 Department of Hematology, University Medical Center, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Organization of Compensatory Postural Coordination Patterns

Abstract The authors investigated whether compensatory postural coordination patterns are organized according to the same dynamical principles as are nonequilibrium phase transitions. Eight participants were asked to maintain upright balance on a moving platform that was sinusoidally translated in the anterior-posterior direction and was systematically increased and decreased 0.19 Hz as a step function every 10 platform cycles through the frequency range 0.19–1.46 Hz. At low platform frequencies, all participants exhibited small joint angular motions with high variability, and the relative phase between the joint motions exhibited drifting patterns and large fluctuations. As platform frequency increased, the amplitude of joint motion increased systematically and joint-specific oscillatory patterns emerged. The findings provided no evidence for a Hopf bifurcation or hysteresis in the transitions of postural coordination modes, however, or, mote generally, a basis for distinguishing the relevance of linear versus nonlinear models of postural control.
Design of system for studying sound externalization in binaural listening

In Augmented Reality Audio (ARA) applications the real sound environment of the user is extended with virtual objects. The real environment is reproduced as a pseudo-acoustic world via a special ARA headset that consists of binaural microphones and headphones. In augmented reality audio, one of the problems is a perceived effect of having the virtual source localized inside the listener’s head. The spatial localization of sound sources that are perceived to be outside the listener’s head is called externalization. This paper presents a design of the modified ARA system for studying the externalization of sound images. It employs binaural microphone-equipped earphones used as microphone-hear-through device, which are able to capture and immediately reproduce the auditory scene. A processing unit is included in the microphone-earphone path, which enables to apply virtual sound. The algorithms were implemented in Pure Data programming environment enabling real-time audio processing. To simulate a real sound source, a loudspeaker and a remote-controlled rotational chair are included.