Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
History cache: hardware support for reverse execution

Reverse execution provides access to old states of an executing process. An application of reverse execution can be found in program debugging. When an error is detected, its cause is often hidden in the history of the process. In such situations, it is important to be able to recover and examine past states of the process. Numerous other applications of reverse execution are found in programming environments, in fault-tolerant computing and in speculative computation.Since processes are in general irreversible, the history must be saved in order to provide reverse execution. The main problem in dealing with the history is the amount of data generated. This paper describes a new approach to reverse execution based on a history cache which compacts the history. The performance of the history cache is measured on a simulator. The history cache can compact the history by more than an order of magnitude. Efficient support for reverse execution enables many new techniques such as a generic undo operation, a real-time checkpoint, and fast backtracking.
Risk factors of circumferential resection margin involvement in the patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer

Purpose Currently, circumferential resection margins (CRM) are used as a clinical endpoint in studies on the prognosis of rectal cancer. Although the concept of a circumferential resection margin in extraperitoneal rectal cancer differs from that in intraperitoneal rectal cancer due to differences in anatomical and biologic behaviors, previous reports have provided information on CRM involvement in all types of rectal cancer including intraperitoneal lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze risk factors of CRM involvement in extraperitoneal rectal cancer. Methods From January 2005 to December 2008, 306 patients with extraperitoneal rectal cancer were enrolled in a prospectively collected database. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of CRM involvement. Results The overall rate of CRM involvement was found to be 16.0%. Multivariate analysis showed that male sex, larger tumor size (≥4 cm), stage higher than T3, nodal metastasis, tumor perforation and non-sphincter preserving proctectomy (NSPP) were risk factors for CRM involvement. Conclusion Male sex, larger tumor size (≥4 cm), advanced T stage, nodal metastasis, tumor perforation, and NSPP are significant risk factors of CRM involvement in extraperitoneal rectal cancer. Given that postoperative chemoradiotherapy is recommended for patients with a positive CRM, further oncologic studies are warranted to ascertain which patients with these risk factors would require adjuvant therapy.
A temperature and gas sensor integrated on a 915MHz RFID UHF tag

We present a new battery-free RFID sensor which can be used as a node of a low cost sensor network. It can be used to detect either temperature and gas concentration, depending on the choice of the sensitive element. Its main features are a low consumption, a temperature sensibility range from 0 to 70 °C with a maximum reading distance of 7 m and an ammonia detection sensibility range from 0 to 10 ppm with a distance of 14 m. The circuit was layouted on ST Microelectronics 0.13 µm CMOS technology on a surface of 0.076 mm2
s-health as a driver towards better emergency response systems in urban environments

The unprecedented global shift towards cities is drastically changing the urban environment. With the aim to mitigate the problems that these changes may introduce , cities are gradually being transformed into the so-called “Smart Cities”. This transformation involves the deployment of numerous sensors and communication infrastructures that are used to provide better management and resource allocation. Recently, the concept of smart health (s-health) was proposed in order to bridge healthcare services with Smart Cities' infrastructures and offer novel services to the cities and their citizens. In this article we propose a new s-Health embodiment for emergency response systems in urban and sub-urban environments.
Iterative least squares algorithm for inverse problem in microwave medical imaging

The inverse problem in MicroWave Imaging (MWI) is an ill-posed one which can be solved with the aid of the sparsity prior of the solution. In this paper, an Iterative Least Squares Algorithm (ILSA) has been proposed as an inverse solver in MWI which seeks for the sparse vector satisfying the problem constraints. Minimizing a least squares cost function, we derive a relatively simple iterative algorithm which enforces the sparsity gradually with the aid of a reweighting operator. The simulation results confirm the superiority of the suggested method compared to the state-of-the-art schemes in the quality of the recovered breast tumors in the microwave images.
Energy Measurement Library (EML) Usage and Overhead Analysis

Energy consumption and efficiency analysis has raised as an interesting topic to address for high performance computing researchers. Exascale computers, with current capabilities, would require a huge amount of power to operate at full capacity. This has attracted the interest of many researchers in the field contributing to elaborate multiple libraries and tools to measure energy and power consumption. In spite of the efforts, there is no current standard for energy measurements. It is known that the accuracy of the measurements is highly dependent on measurement tools (power meters, performance counters, ). A standard library should offer independence between hardware and software and portability for the instrumented code between different architectures. Additionally, the overhead of the library should be low enough to achieve accurate measurements. We proposed EML (Energy Measurement Library) and now we present insights on the usage and the overhead of the library, so that it could contribute to the establishment of an standard for energy measurement.
A novel model characteristics for noise-robust Automatic Speech Recognition based on HMM

This paper proposes a new model for a noise-robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) based on parallel branch Hidden Markov Model (HMM) structure with a novel approach for robust speech recognition. Automatic Speech Recognition applications such as voice command and control, audio indexing, speech-to-speech translation, do not usually work well in noisy environments. In this paper, we present the characteristics of a novel model by exploring vibrocervigraphic and electromyographic ASR methods and some other effective approaches to achieve the best results. By employing the proposed model, we obtain the word error rate, available bandwidths with cutoff frequencies, word recognition rate, etc. This paper includes advanced front-end processing with less computational requirements and a statistical modeling for large-vocabulary myoelectric speech. Therefore parameters estimation of ASR system like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are investigated to create the statistically optimized model.
A study of bilingual children reading in a second language.

This research tested the hypothesis that bilingual children, using their second language and matched with monolingual children on a word recognition test, may differ significantly from them in the miscues made when reading and in attitudes to reading. Some prior research has indicated ethnic minority pupils underachieving in British schools. However, much research in the teaching of reading has been based on standardised tests which may be culturally biased and which may be sometimes less than specific about the particular minority groups involved. It gives little indication about how teaching might be made more effective and the children's reading skills enhanced. The research analysed the miscues made in the reading of a story, the retelling and the answers to questions about the story. It analysed the results of a cloze test and an attitudes to reading measurement. The subjects were 41 monolingual English children and 41 bilingual Pakistani children in four Sheffield primary schools. They were matched in pairs for sex, schools, chronological ages and reading ages from a word recognition test. Each child was taped reading and retelling a story that had been matched in a pilot study to the reading ages of the children. Using the Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed Ranks Test, the data was analysed for older and younger children, for less and more able readers and for a group of bilingual girls and boys. The results of the analysis were ambiguous. Only 25 of the 200 variables examined showed statistically significant differences between groups. These did, however, suggest some disruption to comprehension in reading, especially among the younger and less able bilingual readers. However, this disruption was not apparent among the more able bilingual readers, suggesting that they had reached parity with their monolingual peers. The possible implications of the research results for the classroom are discussed.
Examining the knowledge base and level of confidence of early childhood educators in physical literacy and its application to practice

ABSTRACT Early childhood is an opportune time to develop physical literacy, acquire movement skills, and promote physical activity. Little is known about early childhood educators’ competence (ECEs) and confidence in physical literacy knowledge and its application to practice. The purpose of this research was to examine the competence and confidence of ECEs in physical literacy, and to determine whether exposure to information in this area influences their confidence level. A total of 85 participants completed an online survey. Physical activity knowledge was high; however, error detection and correction knowledge was lower, with high variability in responses. Mean confidence rating (out of 10) was lowest for locomotor skill error detection and correction (6.4 ± 1.8) and highest for physical activity promotion (7.7 ± 1.6). Confidence in movement skill development decreased significantly pre- to post-survey (p < 0.001); highlighting a potential ‘topic exposure’ effect. These findings demonstrate the need for physical literacy training for ECEs.
Human Pose Estimation from RGB Input Using Synthetic Training Data

We address the problem of estimating the pose of humans using RGB image input. More specifically, we are using a random forest classifier to classify pixels into joint-based body part categories, much similar to the famous Kinect pose estimator [11], [12]. However, we are using pure RGB input, i.e. no depth. Since the random forest requires a large number of training examples, we are using computer graphics generated, synthetic training data. In addition, we assume that we have access to a large number of real images with bounding box labels, extracted for example by a pedestrian detector or a tracking system. We propose a new objective function for random forest training that uses the weakly labeled data from the target domain to encourage the learner to select features that generalize from the synthetic source domain to the real target domain. We demonstrate on a publicly available dataset [6] that the proposed objective function yields a classifier that significantly outperforms a baseline classifier trained using the standard entropy objective [10].
Center for Biomedical Computing 1 Background and Motivation 1.1 Computational Middleware

The Center for Biomedical Computing is devoted to three research tasks: computational middleware, robust flow solvers, and applications to biomedical fluid flow problems. These highly integrated topics represent a broad, a medium, and a specialized scope, respectively, of advancing the current state of computational fluid dynamics. The computational middleware is meant to be a useful " Matlab-like " set of tools generally applicable to computational scientists for rapid prototyping of multi-physics software based on partial differential equations. The flow solvers part aims to advance the computational middleware in the specific direction of robust adaptive implicit finite element methods for viscous and turbulent fluid flow. The application part will use the flow solvers in combination with the computational middleware to attack challenging biomedical flow problems. This composition of three main themes ensures results of different flavor. First, the computational middleware will be generally useful and has the potential of achieving substantial impact in science. Second, the flow solver part continues research of outstanding quality and usefulness in fluid dynamics. Finally, the application part addresses a new and vital class of challenging physical problems where mathematical modeling is in its initial stages. The three parts also span the range of natural science research, from generic application-independent tools via methods for a wide class of applications (fluid flow) to specific physical problems. The group behind this project has an excellent track record for developing computational middleware and numerical methods, and applying these tools to solve problems in natural science. For both the computational middleware and flow solver parts, we intend to invite very promising young researchers from outstanding groups for long-term stays in the center and thereby help to increase the scientific quality of our group. Biomedical flow investigations will be done in close collaboration with scientists with vast experience in this field. Computational science applies the computer as a laboratory for investigating theoretical models of Nature. The computational scientist's interests lie in scientific investigation, and usually not in studying the technical details of numerical solution methods and software. However, today's challenging scientific problems frequently involve very complicated mathematical models and a corresponding complexity in numerics and software. The need for time-consuming and expensive labor by numerics and programming experts represents a major obstacle to the increased adoption of advanced mathematical models and computational methods by scientists. In a broad sense, the goal of the center is to facilitate access to complex models …
The lambda-calculus is nominal algebraic

In this paper we will write -[a 7→ -] as shorthand for (λa.-)-. Thus h[a 7→ g] stands for (λa.h)g and not for the term resulting from ‘substituting a for g in h’ (we write that as h[g/a], see Definition 43). The λ-calculus represents functions in programming languages [Pau96, Tho96], logic [Bar77, Lei94], theorem-provers [ABI96, Pau89], higher-order rewriting [BN98], and much more besides. However, the ‘λ’ in the λ-calculus has proved resistent to a treatment in universal algebra [BS81]. For example the property that “(λa.v)[b 7→ u] = λa. (v[b 7→ u]) when a does not occur free in u” cannot be represented in an algebraic framework, at least not obviously so, because of the freshness condition ‘a does not occur free in u’ which is necessary to avoid ‘accidental capture’ by λ. Similarly for the property “λa. (va) = v when a does not occur free in v”. Nominal algebra is a form of universal algebra enriched with primitive constructs to handle names, binding, and freshness conditions — just like those that appear in informal specifications of the λ-calculus and other languages with binders. Nominal algebra has the feature that, thanks to the enriched constructs, it allows fully formal algebraic reasoning which
Randomness-optimal sampling, extractors, and constructive leader election

We present the first efficient universal oblivious sampler that uses an optimal number of random bits, up to an arbitrary constant factor bigger than 1. Specifically, for any a >0 and c(m) ~ exp(–cr210K* ‘m), our sampler can use (1 + a) (m + log 7-1 ) random bits to output d = poly(c-l, log-y-l, m) sample points Z1, . , z~ C {O, I}m such that for any function ~ : {O, l}m ~ [0, 1], Our proof is based on an improved extractor construction. An extractor is a procedure which takes as input the output of a defective random source and a small number of truly random bits, and outputs a nearly-random string. We present the first optimal extractor, up to constant factors, for defective random sources with constant entropy rate. We give two applications of these tools. First, we exhibit a constructive O(log n) round protocol for leader election in the full information model that is resilient against any coalition of size /3n for any constant ~ < 1/2. Each player sends only log n bits per round. Second, given a 2g (n) round AM proof for L in which Arthur sends l(n) random bits per round and Merlin responds with a q(n) bit string, we construct a g(n) round AM proof for a language L in which Arthur sends O(l(n) + q(n)) random bits per round and Merlin’s response remains of polynomial length. “ Dept. of Computer sciences, The University af T.sxaa at Austin, Austin, TX 7S712, diz@cs.utexas. edu. Supported in part by NSF NY1 Grant No. CCF&9457799. Permieeion to make dlgitrd/hard copies of all or part of Wla materiel for pereonel or cleaaroom uee is granted without fee provided that the copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of the publication and ita date appear, and notice is given that copyright ia by permiaaion of the ACM, Inc. To copy otherwiee, to republish, to poet on acrvem or to redatribute ta Mite, mquima epwific venniasion andlor fee. STOC’96, Philadelphia PA, USA ~ 199(j ACM &89791-785.5/96/05. $3+50
A Study on Jitter, Shimmer and F0 of Mandarin Infant Voice by Developing an Applied Method of Voice Signal Processing

This paper is concerned with a study on jitter, shimmer and F0 of Mandarin infant voice through a method of voice signal processing. It has two parts. In the first part a method of voice signal processing is introduced, which includes 1) inverse-filtering of speech voice; 2) F0 extracting; 3) glottal period detecting; 4) jitter and shimmer calculating. In the second part, the natures of infant voice in Mandarin are studied, which includes 1) the speech sounds of 100 infants, 50 males and 50 females, are sampled which are sustained vowels of /a,i u,m/ with 5 different pitches and pronounced two times for each; 2) the features of voice among vowels of /a,i,u,m/, the voice differences between male and female, and the statistical analysis are studied. The conclusions are: 1) the method of voice signal processing is an applied method in the study of infant voice. 2) jitter, shimmer and F0 have close relationship with each other. In details, a) /i/ has relatively larger Jitt than those of /a, u, m/; b) Shim of /a, i/ are larger than those of /u, m/; c) the voice is different between male infant and female infant, and F0, Jitt and Shim of female are all larger than those of male; d) small part of voice samples distribute in a relatively large range, which may have personal characteristics.
Psychological Distress, Formal Help-Seeking Behavior, and the Role of Victim Services Among Violent Crime Victims

ABSTRACT Using data from the 2015 National Crime Victimization Survey, this research explores the characteristics related to psychological distress and formal help-seeking behavior among victims of violent crime. Logistic regression analyses indicate that psychological distress symptoms vary by victim and offense characteristics. As anticipated, for example, the odds of a victim of sexual assault reporting the highest level of psychological distress are 5.88 times higher than are the odds of simple assault victims. However, when looking at subsequent formal help-seeking behavior for psychological distress, sexual assault victims do not seek formal help for their distress more than victims of other violent crimes. The analyses reveal that only gender and disability consistently predict high psychological distress and formal help-seeking behavior. Contact with a victim service agency was shown to be a powerful predictor of formal help-seeking behavior, though the analyses illustrated that victims most in need of intervention are not always the ones who receive it. In fact, only 23% of victims sought formal help for their psychological distress. This study sheds additional light on the issue of psychological distress and the limited formal help-seeking behavior of violent crime victims, while illustrating characteristics predictive of formal help-seeking, such as intervention through victim services.
A multimedia analytics framework for browsing image collections in digital forensics

Searching through large collections of images to find patterns of use or to find sets of relevant items is difficult, especially when the information to consider is not only the content of the images itself, but also the associated metadata. Multimedia analytics is a new approach to such problems. We consider the case of forensic experts facing image collections of growing size during digital forensic investigations. We answer the forensic challenge by developing specialised novel interactive visualisations which employ content-based image clusters in both the analysis as well as in all visualizations. Their synergy makes the task of manually browsing these collections more effective and efficient. Evaluation of such multimedia analytics is a notoriously hard problem as there are so many factors influencing the result. As a controlled evaluation, we developed a user simulation framework to create image collections with time and directory information as metadata. We apply it in a number of scenarios to illustrate its use. The simulation tool is available to other researchers via our website.
A Selective and Gradual Method for Efficiency Improvement of DEA Models

Basic-DEA models have ability to calculate performance targets for inefficient DMUs which are used for efficiency improvement approaches. Unfortunately, these improvement approaches aren't selective and gradual. Therefore, this paper introduces an efficiency improvement algorithm under this circumstance and discusses on the convergence and computational aspects of the algorithm. Also, an illustrative example is presented to show the ability of suggested method, from computational point of view.
The fundamental diagram of pedestrian movement revisited

The empirical relation between density and velocity of pedestrian movement has not been completely analysed, particularly with regard to the ‘microscopic’ causes which determine the relation at medium and high densities. The simplest system for the investigation of this dependence is the normal movement of pedestrians along a line (single-file movement). This paper presents experimental results for this system under laboratory conditions and discusses the following observations: the data show a linear relation between the velocity and the inverse of the density, which can be regarded as the required length for one pedestrian to move. Furthermore, we compare the results for the single-file movement with literature data for the movement in a plane. This comparison shows an unexpected conformance between the fundamental diagrams, indicating that lateral interference has negligible influence on the velocity–density relation in the density domain 1 m−2 > ρ > 5 m−2. In addition, we test a procedure for automatic recording of pedestrian flow characteristics. We present preliminary results on the measurement range and accuracy of this method.