Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Single‐Photon Emission Computed Tomography in Mild Head Trauma

Although computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans often appear normal after mild head trauma, many patients experience attentional or other cognitive disturbances that are difficult to quantify by neuropsychological testing in the absence of a premorbid profile. Within 2 days of mild head trauma, 14 patients with normal‐appearing brain CTs were studied with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). They were compared to 15 normal control subjects and to 12 patients with mild human immunodeficiency virus (HlV) encephalopathy. Ten of 14 head trauma patients were separated from the normal control subjects by both independent readers, blinded to the clinical diagnosis. None of the SPECT results from normal control subjects were ‘read’ as trauma. Trauma could not be differentiated from HlV encephalopathy. The observed percentage agreement between raters was 0.83 (K = 0.72). SPECT is more sensitive than CT in detecting brain injury after mild head trauma.
Four-year follow-up of the influence of psychological comorbidity on medical rehospitalization.

OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that psychiatric comorbidity measured in medical and surgical general hospital inpatients predicts increased readmissions and days spent rehospitalized at the same hospital up to 4 years after discharge. METHOD A convenience sample of 273 medical/surgical inpatients aged 18 years and older were given psychological tests during their third to fifth hospital days on medical and surgical units from June 1, 1985, through June 30, 1986. The main outcome measure was the number of medical/surgical readmissions and number of days rehospitalized during a 4-year follow-up at the same institution. RESULTS Compared to the rest of the study group, the cognitively impaired patients (according to the Mini-Mental State examination) averaged twice as many rehospitalizations and three times as many days rehospitalized at 6-month follow-up and twice as many days rehospitalized at 2-year follow-up. Compared to the rest of the group, the patients who were depressed or who had high interpersonal sensitivity scores at the index admission spent twice as many days rehospitalized during the 4-year follow-up, while the patients with high hostility scores had almost twice as many readmissions. These results remained statistically significant after separate partialing out of the effects of severity of functional impairment, age, cognitive impairment, and number of admissions or days spent hospitalized before the index admission. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric comorbidity, previously well documented as contributing to increased length of stay in the general hospital, is associated with increased hospital utilization for at least 4 years after discharge.
Unsupervised Single and Multiple Views Feature Extraction with Structured Graph

Many feature extraction methods reduce the dimensionality of data based on the input graph matrix. The graph construction which reflects relationships among raw data points is crucial to the quality of resulting low-dimensional representations. To improve the quality of graph and make it more suitable for feature extraction tasks, we incorporate a new graph learning mechanism into feature extraction and add an interaction between the learned graph and the low-dimensional representations. Based on this learning mechanism, we propose a novel framework, termed as unsupervised single view feature extraction with structured graph (FESG), which learns both a transformation matrix and an ideal structured graph containing the clustering information. Moreover, we propose a novel way to extend FESG framework for multi-view learning tasks. The extension is named as unsupervised multiple views feature extraction with structured graph (MFESG), which learns an optimal weight for each view automatically without requiring an additional parameter. To show the effectiveness of the framework, we design two concrete formulations within FESG and MFESG, together with two efficient solving algorithms. Promising experimental results on plenty of real-world datasets have validated the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.
Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P in Different Models of Pain

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) play an important role in the development of pain and hyperalgesia. Experimental models have demonstrated that nitroglycerin (NTG)—a nitric oxide donor—provokes a hyperalgesic state, probably via the activation of second-order neurons in the nucleus trigeminalis caudalis. In order to gain further insight into the role of CGRP and SP in different types of experimental pain, we evaluated and compared changes in immunoreactivity (-ir) for these two neuropeptides at different levels of the central nervous system [nucleus trigeminalis caudalis (NTC) and dorsal horns of the lumbar spinal cord] in two animal models of hyperalgesia: systemic NTG administration and formalin test. Following NTG administration, CGRP-ir decreased steadily in the NTC, whereas SP-ir increased transiently. In the lumbar dorsal horns, NTG induced a decrease in SP-ir 1 h after its administration. Formalin injection induced an ipsilateral increase in both CGRP and SP immunostaining at 1 and 2 h in the lumbar dorsal horns. In the NTC, a significant decrease in CGRP-ir was observed at 1 h. The changes in the staining intensities were paralleled by changes in the numbers of CGRP and of SP varicosities in both the NTC and the lumbar dorsal horns. These findings show specific changes in CGRP and SP at different levels of the central nervous system in the different models of pain. In the case of the formalin test, the changes involve both neuropeptides synchronously and to the same extent, whereas in the case of NTG administration, CGRP seems to play a more prevalent and long-lasting role, particularly at the NTC level.
Analysis of H-Plane Waveguide Components with Dielectric Obstacles by the BI-RME Method

This paper presents a novel method for the wideband modeling of H-plane waveguide components, which include dielectric obstacles. Both the planar component and the dielectric obstacles have an arbitrary shape. This method is based on the combination of the segmentation technique and the Boundary Integral-Resonant Mode Expansion (BI-RME) method. Two examples show the effectiveness of the method.
The antecedents of marketing success of women entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurs play very important role in the socio-economic welfare of the country. Women entrepreneurs incessantly face the problems in marketing their products. In this research study, we examine the marketing problems faced by women entrepreneurs in running their enterprises and designed the marketing strategy for women entrepreneurs in Tamilnadu. Researchers collected the list of women entrepreneurs in Trichy district and the data was collected through in-depth personal interviews using questionnaire from 291 women entrepreneurs in Tamilnadu. The results of the study have indicated that the women entrepreneurs have to improve their marketing strategies such as sales promotion, networking and clustering, brand and technology, visual media advertisement, print media advertisement, distribution channels, direct selling and product variety in their business. The results of the study have indicated that pricing strategy is not affecting the business success of the women entrepreneurs. These marketing strategies lead to improve the business success of women entrepreneurs.
A partial evaluator for the untyped lambda-calculus

Abstract This article describes theoretical and practical aspects of an implemented self-applicable partial evaluator for the untyped lambda-calculus with constants and a fixed point operator. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first partial evaluator that is simultaneously higher-order, non-trivial, and self-applicable. Partial evaluation produces a residual program from a source program and some of its input data. When given the remaining input data the residual program yields the same result that the source program would when given all its input data. Our partial evaluator produces a residual lambda-expression given a source lambda-expression and the values of some of its free variables. By self-application, the partial evaluator can be used to compile and to generate stand-alone compilers from a denotational or interpretive specification of a programming language. An essential component in our self-applicable partial evaluator is the use of explicitbinding time information. We use this to annotate the source program, marking asresidual the parts for which residual code is to be generated and marking aseliminable the parts that can be evaluated using only the data that is known during partial evaluation. We give a simple criterion,well-annotatedness, that can be used to check that the partial evaluator can handle the annotated higher-order programs without committing errors. Our partial evaluator is simple, is implemented in a side-effect free subset of Scheme, and has been used to compile and to generate compilers and a compiler generator. In this article we examine two machine-generated compilers and find that their structures are surprisingly natural.
Private to Public Mbos - the Role of Venture Capitalist

Using a unique dataset, we examine financial performance, and venture capital involvement in 167 MBOs exiting through IPOs in the London Stock Exchange, during the period 1964-1997. The results suggest positive and statistically significant initial premiums and positive, and statistically significant, long-term returns up to 6 months after listings. The long term returns from month 6 through to month 36 display no evidence of abnormal (either under or over) performance, using FTSE All Share Index as a benchmark. Our results on the long-term performance contradict the consensus of the IPO literature that documents severe IPOs underperformance and suggest that the underperformance might not be a common IPO phenomenon. Venture backed MBOs tend to be larger and exit earlier then their non-venture backed counterparts. They also seem to be less underpriced than MBOs without venture capital backing, which is consistent with findings for US LBOs (DeGeorge and Zeckhauser, 1993; Holthausen and Larcker, 1996) and the certification hypothesis (Barry et al., 1990; Megginson and Weiss, 1991). We find no evidence that venture backed reverse MBOs subsequently outperform non-venture backed MBOs on the basis of equally weighted returns. Finally, we find no evidence that MBOs backed by more prestigious venture capitalist firms are better long-term investments as compared to those backed by less prestigious venture capitalist firms.
Depositional environment of Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian beds in the Karavanke Mountains (Southern Alps, Slovenia)

Late Paleozoic rocks were studied in detail in the Dovžanova soteska section. The Upper Carboniferous sedimentary succession, correlated with upper part of Auernig and Schulterkofel Fm. in the Carnic Alps, indicates cyclic clastic-carbonate deposition in a coastal to shallow marine ramp setting with strong influence of coarse-grained fluvial-deltaic siliciclastics from the hinterland, storm dominated regime of nearshore sediments, and offshore algal buildups. The Lower Permian sequence is developed differently from its time equivalent Grenzland Fm. and is subdivided into Dovžanova soteska Fm. , Born Fm. , and Rigelj beds. It is marked by the formation of a reef mound on the platform margin. Open-marine inner platform close to the marginal shoals represented the depositional environment of the mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sediments. Thus, a platform evolution from a ramp into a rimmed shelf is suggested.
Did Microsoft Deter Software Innovation?

The impact of Microsoft on innovation in the computer software industry was fiercely debated during the recent antitrust case. This paper attempts to address this question through a new database that allows a comprehensive overview of patenting, venture capital financing, sales, and employment in the U.S. software industry between 1990 and 2000. While the conclusions must be necessarily tentative given the crudeness of my measures, I find little evidence consistent with the hypothesis that Microsoft has had a detrimental effect on innovation in the software industry, even after controlling for the possibility that possible that Microsoft targeted areas that also had the greatest potential for innovation and growth.
Pontine nuclei-mediated cerebello-cerebral interactions and its functional role

The pontine nuclei relay information derived from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. In addition to the motor command signals generated in the motor cortex, the cerebellum may generate motor command signals independent of the cerebral cortex using pontine nuclei-mediated signals. The cerebellar motor command signals generated in the vermis-medial cerebellar nuclear system may directly drive peripheral motoneurons in simple and autonomic movements. Those generated in the hemispherelateral cerebellar nuclear system, which are used in complicated movements, may not only drive the premotor or motor nuclei but may also be fed back to the cerebellum through the parvocellular red nucleus-inferior olive pathway, and may be compared with the motor command signals generated in the cerebral cortex. The long-term depression of parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses may be utilized in optimizing these cerebellar motor command signals. Voluntary movements may be executed through cooperation of the cerebellum- and cerebrum-generated motor command signals.
Streptococcal anti-desoxyribonuclease B: microtechnique determination.

Abstract A method for assaying the streptococcal anti-DNase B titers in human sera is presented. The details of the technique and some of the possiblesources of technical errors are discussed. Titers obtained on 420 sera by this technique were compared with the titers obtained on the same sera with the macrotechnique. A positive correlation of approximately 90 per cent between the 2 techniques was obtained. Most of the discrepancies were distributed evenly on both sides of the upper limit of normal value for the macrotest. Only 4 sera gave titers that were in the normal range by the macrotest but were elevated by the microtechnique, while 3 other sera gave titers that were elevated by the macrotest and in the normal range by the microtechnique. Titers by both tests on 5 out of these 7 sera were in the equivocal range, i.e., at or 0.1 log above or below the upper limit of normal value. The microtechnique offers its greatest applicability in studies involving assays of large numbers of sera by saving time, material, and technical assistance.
Efficient Nonmyopic Active Search

Active search is a learning paradigm with the goal of actively identifying as many members of a given class as possible. Many real-world problems can be cast as an active search, including drug discovery, fraud detection, and product recommendation. Previous work has derived the Bayesian optimal policy for the problem, which is unfortunately intractable due to exponential complexity. In practice, myopic approximations are used instead, only looking a small number (e.g., 1–3) of steps ahead in the decision process. We propose a novel active search policy that always considers the entire remaining budget and is thus nonmyopic, yet remains efﬁcient. Our approach automatically and dynamically balances exploration and exploitation in a manner consistent with the budget, without relying on a tradeoff parameter. We also develop a bounding technique to achieve greater efﬁciency when using certain natural probability models. Experimental results show superior performance of our method over myopic approximations to the optimal policy.
Unrecognized Deferred Taxes: Evidence from the U.K.

We examine whether U.K. managers use the flexibility provided under the partial method for deferred taxes to measure unrecognized deferred taxes opportunistically. We first test whether firm‐specific operational and opportunistic factors are associated with the level of unrecognized deferred taxes. The tests provide evidence certain U.K. managers opportunistically measure deferred taxes to manage leverage, consistent with arguments by commentators that deferred taxes heavily influence leverage indicators that play a prominent role in the U.K. contracting framework. Because the proper identification and measurement of both operational and opportunistic determinants of unrecognized deferred taxes influence our tests, we additionally investigate whether unrecognized taxes relate to future deferred tax reversals and future operating profitability of the firm. These tests show the components of deferred taxes predict both future deferred tax reversals and indicators of future profitability of the firm as predi.
Research on the Classification Ability of Deep Belief Networks on Small and Medium Datasets

Abstract Recent theoretical advances in the learning of deep artificial neural networks have made it possible to overcome a vanishing gradient problem. This limitation has been overcome using a pre-training step, where deep belief networks formed by the stacked Restricted Boltzmann Machines perform unsupervised learning. Once a pre-training step is done, network weights are fine-tuned using regular error back propagation while treating network as a feed-forward net. In the current paper we perform the comparison of described approach and commonly used classification approaches on some well-known classification data sets from the UCI repository as well as on one mid-sized proprietary data set.
Comparative evaluation of stress levels before, during, and after periodontal surgical procedures with and without nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation

Context: Periodontal surgical procedures produce varying degree of stress in all patients. Nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation is very effective for adult patients with mild-to-moderate anxiety due to dental procedures and needle phobia. Aim: The present study was designed to perform periodontal surgical procedures under nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation and assess whether this technique actually reduces stress physiologically, in comparison to local anesthesia alone (LA) during lengthy periodontal surgical procedures. Settings and Design: This was a randomized, split-mouth, cross-over study. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 patients were selected for this randomized, split-mouth, cross-over study. One surgical session (SS) was performed under local anesthesia aided by nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation, and the other SS was performed on the contralateral quadrant under LA. For each session, blood samples to measure and evaluate serum cortisol levels were obtained, and vital parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and arterial blood oxygen saturation were monitored before, during, and after periodontal surgical procedures. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The findings of the present study revealed a statistically significant decrease in serum cortisol levels, blood pressure and pulse rate and a statistically significant increase in respiratory rate and arterial blood oxygen saturation during periodontal surgical procedures under nitrous oxide inhalation sedation. Conclusion: Nitrous oxide-oxygen inhalation sedation for periodontal surgical procedures is capable of reducing stress physiologically, in comparison to LA during lengthy periodontal surgical procedures.
From Hard to Soft: Towards more Human-like Emotion Recognition by Modelling the Perception Uncertainty

Over the last decade, automatic emotion recognition has become well established. The gold standard target is thereby usually calculated based on multiple annotations from different raters. All related efforts assume that the emotional state of a human subject can be identified by a 'hard' category or a unique value. This assumption tries to ease the human observer's subjectivity when observing patterns such as the emotional state of others. However, as the number of annotators cannot be infinite, uncertainty remains in the emotion target even if calculated from several, yet few human annotators. The common procedure to use this same emotion target in the learning process thus inevitably introduces noise in terms of an uncertain learning target. In this light, we propose a 'soft' prediction framework to provide a more human-like and comprehensive prediction of emotion. In our novel framework, we provide an additional target to indicate the uncertainty of human perception based on the inter-rater disagreement level, in contrast to the traditional framework which is merely producing one single prediction (category or value). To exploit the dependency between the emotional state and the newly introduced perception uncertainty, we implement a multi-task learning strategy. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed soft prediction framework, we perform extensive experiments on a time- and value-continuous spontaneous audiovisual emotion database including late fusion results. We show that the soft prediction framework with multi-task learning of the emotional state and its perception uncertainty significantly outperforms the individual tasks in both the arousal and valence dimensions.
Kennedy's Alliance for Progress: countering revolution in Latin America. Part I: From the White House to the Charter of Punta del Este

One of the first acts of the new administration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961 was to promote an 'Alliance for Progress' throughout Latin America. JFK's stated goal was 'to transform the American continent' by improving the often desperate living conditions of its peoples; advancing industrialization; diversifying and increasing exports (especially away from heavy dependence on single items such as coffee); encouraging interstate trade and communications; and-above all-strengthening democracy: a term to inspire but one rarely, if ever, defined. The primary means for achieving these ends would be the extension of loans by the United States and others, thereby building up capital for industrial production while increasing food and raw material supplies to maximize foreign exchange-all with the aim of reversing the 'dependency' of 'underdeveloped' Latin America upon the more 'advanced' economies of the north Atlantic area. Kennedy's expressed fear was that Latin America, its impoverished peoples ripe for revolution, would follow the path of Cuba under the new regime of Fidel Castro. In the first part of a two-part analysis the historical and political origins of the Alliance are traced to both US and Latin American sources, including schemes within the Organization of American States and 'Operation Pan America'; in the second part the economic failures and the strategic successes of the Alliance during the presidencies of Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard M. Nixon will be evaluated as another, if varied, stage in the evolving 'hegemonic presumption' of the US towards its southern neighbours.
Collision of discrete breathers in two-species Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

The properties of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) can be studied and controlled effectively when trapped in optical lattices. In the limit of tight binding, BEC in optical lattices are well described by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLSE). Spatially localised modes of excitations, known as discrete breathers or lattice solitons, can occur in the DNLSE. These have been shown to evolve from initial conditions of Gaussian wave-packets. Using this method with the addition of an initial momentum, mobile breathers that travel across the lattice with a constant velocity can also be formed.