Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of the passive in Spanish-speaking children

Author(s): Cychosz, Meg; Garrote Salazar, Marta | Abstract: This work examines three- to six-year-old children’s acquisition of the Spanishpassive. This structure, a notoriously difficult concept for early learners, exhibits great variationin age of acquisition cross-linguistically. Spanish, with two passive constructions, is an ideal casestudy for the role of frequency in the development of the passive. This study utilizes data fromCHIEDE, a spontaneous oral corpus spanning more than 20,000 words of child speech. Only alimited number of studies examining the passive have utilized spontaneous corpus data; as aresult, it is unclear if lexical semantic patterns are due to experimental or task effect - an issuethat only the inclusion of natural data can resolve. Results show that children only produce oneof two possible forms of the Spanish passive. Their production is also limited to action verbs.Finally, while children as young as 3;0 produce the passive, cross-sectional data show thebeginnings of a downward U-shaped developmental pattern. These results are explained in termsof acquisition by analogy as children utilize previously-acquired structures to create abstractsyntactic representations.
Synchronous Ultra-High-Density 2RW Dual-Port 8T-SRAM With Circumvention of Simultaneous Common-Row-Access

We propose an access scheme for a synchronous dual- port (DP) SRAM that minimizes the 8T-DP-cell area and maintains cell stability. A priority row decoder circuit and shifted bit- line access scheme eliminates access conflict issues. Using 65 nm CMOS technology (hp90) with the proposed scheme, we fabricated 32 kB DP-SRAM macros. We obtained a 0.71 mum2 8T-DP-cell for which the cell size is only 1.44 times larger than a 6T-single-port (SP)- cell. The bit-density of the fabricated 32 kB DP-RAM macro is 667 kbit/mm2, which is 25% larger than a conventional 8T SRAM. The standby leakage is 27% less because of the small drive-NMOS transistor of the proposed 8T-DP-cell.
Security Management in Network Visualization Environment by using modified root management algorithm for Creation of Virtual Node and Virtual Link

In the present days the data on particular topic availability is huge and massive. The network virtualization plays very important role in the field of internet. Since Virtual networks have emerged as a powerful and flexible platform for the future network. The dependability of virtual services relies on the network’s capabilities and capabilities include virtual nodes and links to maintain the virtualization. Due to existence of the multiple confliction policies, services and alternations to the existing internet there are some limitations occur according to the following features: robust routing, efficient search, scalability, decentralization, fault tolerances, trust and authentications; so this era needs network virtualization technique. But the difficulties with the network virtualization are Instantiation means creating virtual networks, logistics means runs them; Management means manage them, and Interactions. The creation of virtual networks is very difficult but the researchers from all over the globe will always trying to resolve it according to their way. So this is referred as future work also. The proposed algorithm in this paper is useful to create virtual node and link for network virtualization. There are already some techniques available to create the virtual network but they are not showing the exact structure
Function segregation in the left inferior frontal gyrus: a listening functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Function segregation in the left inferior frontal gyrus was investigated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment using a passive listening task, in which Japanese volunteers were required to passively listen to words and nonsense words in Japanese and English. The statistical analysis results showed that the dorsal part of the left inferior frontal gyrus was more extensively activated by listening to English words and nonsense words than to those of Japanese, respectively, which suggests automatic articulatory representation access for non-native stimuli perception, and that the ventral part was more extensively activated by listening to English and Japanese words than to nonsense words in either language, which suggests a lexical or semantic processing function.
Cognitive efficiency in robot control by Emotiv EPOC

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) has opened a new era in the field of neuroscience. It has the potentiality to improve the quality of life of severely disabled patients. It allows them to regain the power of moving things by their affective, cognitive and expressive brain activities. Emotiv EPOC head set is a safe and comfortable BCI system which contains a number of advanced electrode sensors. It can detect and process the user's thoughts, feelings and expressions in real time. A prototype of two wheeler robot is implemented and experimented which was controlled by the thought of human being. In average 72.65% accuracy is observed in the experiment for different aged people from 14 to 30 years old where the accuracy for the physically challenged people is 82% in average. Firstly the prototype software has to be trained by a specific user then it controls a wireless robot by the person's thought for driving the robot in forward, backward, left and right directions. This robot can be stopped by a specific facial expression which does not need any training. The article also investigated the shortcomings and reviews on the reliability of the cognitive output efficiency of Emotiv EPOC EEG device, based on user comments and related researches.
Evaluating the energy balance of high altitude platforms at early design stages

High altitude platforms, also known as pseudo-satellites, are envisioned as unmanned aircraft flying at altitudes above 15 km to provide observation, remote sensing or communication services. A challenging yet recurring requirement for such aicraft is to be able to perform long-endurance missions over multiple days or even weeks. A sophisticated onboard energy management system including solar panels and batteries is needed to achieve this. The energy balance of such an aircraft depends on many factors which should be considered in the design process. In this work, we propose a systematic approach to evaluate the energy balance of high altitude platform designs for specific mission scenarios. This approach can be employed at very early design stages and incrementally extended to follow the design process. We demonstrate the methodology with an exemplary parameter study for a generic fixed-wing aircraft. In particular, the impact and correlations of the mission latitude, wind conditions, flight trajectory optimization, sizing of the platform and solar panel coverage of the main wing was evaluated. A key result is that battery mass can be reduced significantly, especially for missions at high latitudes, by optimizing the holding pattern that is flown throughout the mission or by increasing the solar panel coverage. Generally, the results indicate that the method allows to evaluate mission-specific effects on the energy balance of high altitude platforms.
Effects of diet and climate on growing horses.

The effects of diet and climate were assessed in 42 light horse weanlings over 30 wk. Horses were fed diets varying in energy and phosphorus content. Diets were predominantly forage (73 to 77.5%) or concentrate (62 to 62.25%) and had 2.65 or 3.09 Mcal DE/kg DM, respectively. Horses were weighed every 14 d. Group feed intakes and climatic variables were recorded daily. Dietary phosphorus content did not affect intake or gain. Horses fed forage diets ate 18% more (P less than .001) DM than horses fed concentrate, but DE intakes did not differ. Average DE intakes, 21.5 Mcal daily, were 33% more than those given in 1978 National Research Council (NRC) tables. Overall ADG by forage- and concentrate-fed horses were . 83 and . 89 kg, respectively. These values were 23 and 32% above mean ADG values given for horses at 6 and 12 mo in 1978 NRC tables. Average daily gain declined (P less than .01) with age, although daily DE intake increased (P less than .01). Total DM and DE intakes were determined largely by body weight, but age was the main determinant of weight-scaled DE intake. Weight- and age-scaled DE intakes were reduced (P less than .001) by 6.1% at temperatures below -10 degrees C compared with temperatures above -10 degrees C. Temperatures below -20 degrees C had no greater effect on DE intake than those between -10 to -20 degrees C. Neither precipitation nor wind alone affected weight- and age-adjusted DE intake. In conclusion, weanling horses fed readily digested diets ad libitum gained weight at or above expected values even at severely cold ambient temperatures.
Analysis and implementation of a LS-MIMO system with optimal power allocation

Optimal energy efficiency and power consumption at the base station and user terminal is a prominent problem in 4G networks. In this work, we have examined a power consumption model that evaluates the overall power consumed by two-way communication i.e. power required for the linear processing, the power required for circuit components and power consumed by the Power amplifier. We have also proposed an implementation that shows how an energy efficient base station will perform different operations. The numerical results show a significant improvement in energy efficiency.
A novel strategy for image segmentation of latent fingerprints

Digital image segmentation is one of the most important stages in the implementation of an Automatic Fingerprint Identification System. This work describes a strategy for image segmentation of latent fingerprints using a proper combination of operators achieving better results than other approaches reported in the literature. Latent fingerprint images are low quality images that make more difficult the segmentation process. The proposed segmentation strategy is based on the gradient magnitude of the image and the detection of regions. This strategy was implemented in Matlab and Java, and was tested using fingerprint images of the Fingerprint Verification Competition databases, which are commonly used for these purposes. The results achieved show a significant improvement compared with representative algorithms of literature, such as those based on the variance of image.
Perception Austin Smith | Design principles of pluripotency Design principles of pluripotency

Pluripotency is the capacity of individual cells to initiate all lineages of the mature organism in a flexible manner directed by signals in the embryo or cell culture environment. It is the keystone of mammalian development and of embryonic stem cell (ES) biology. A pluripotent cell has no predetermined programme; it is a blank slate. What are the design principles of this unrestricted cell state? Genetic and cell biological studies point to transcription factor command rather than epigenetic governance (Niwa, 2007; Silva & Smith, 2008). Persuasive support for this view comes from the remarkable discovery of Shinya Yamanaka that pluripotency can be recreated from somatic cells through transcription factor induced reprogramming (Takahashi & Yamanaka, 2006). So how is this unique status acquired, how can it be maintained, and how is the exit path(s) to committed lineage progenitors routed? These are some of the questions that my laboratory is addressing. What follows here is a personal perception of the underlying design principles of pluripotency and lineage determination.
Parallel Computing Application : Neural Networks for Vision and Reinforcement Learning

About Myself: I am a third year PhD student working with Prof. Trevor Darrell and Prof. Alexei Efros. My research interests are at the intersection of deep learning, computer vision and reinforcement learning. I have primarily worked in learning large scale visual models using minimal supervision. Supervised deep learning methods have excelled in vision, and I strive to develop models that can do so without human supervision. I am currently exploring similar ideas in Reinforcement learning. Previously, I have worked on constraint based optimization for CNNs. We developed technique to simultaneously optimize constraints on the network output in online fashion using SGD. There are numerous applications of parallelization in deep learning applied to computer vision and reinforcement learning. Through this course, I hope to learn to optimize the code for parallelization on GPUs and also across distributed cpus. It would enable me to release a fast and furnished implementation of my projects for community to build upon.
kappa+lambda+ dual receptor B cells are present in the human peripheral repertoire

It is a common notion that mature B lymphocytes express either kappa or lambda light (L) chains, although the mechanism that leads to such isotypic exclusion is still debated. We have investigated the extent of L chain isotypic exclusion in normal human peripheral blood B lymphocytes. By three-color staining with anti-CD19, anti-kappa, and anti-lambda antibodies we could estimate that 0.2-0.5% of peripheral blood B cells from healthy adults express both kappa and lambda on the cell surface. The kappa+lambda+ cells were sorted, immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus, and five independent clones were characterized in detail. All clones express both kappa and lambda on the cell surface and produce immunoglobulin M that contain both kappa and lambda chains in the same molecule, i.e., hybrid antibodies. Sequencing of the L chains revealed in three out of five clones evidence for somatic mutations. It is interesting to note that among a panel of single receptor B cell clones we identified two lambda+ clones that carried a productively rearranged kappa, which was inactivated by a stop codon generated by somatic mutation. These findings indicate that dual receptor B lymphocytes can be found among mature antigen-selected B cells and suggest that somatic mutation can contribute to increase the degree of isotypic exclusion by inactivating a passenger, nonselected L chain.
Zinc intake and sources in the US adult population: 1976-1980.

OBJECTIVE To determine levels of intake and food sources of zinc in 1976-80 in US adults between the ages of 19 and 74. METHODS Dietary data from 24-hour recalls collected in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Levels of zinc intake were compared between demographic subgroups using analysis of variance. The contribution of individual foods to overall zinc consumed was also estimated. RESULTS Mean daily intakes (+/- SEM) were 15.5 mg +/- 0.4 and 9.8 mg +/- 0.2 in white men and women, respectively. Mean daily intake estimates in black men and women (12.3 mg +/- 0.8 and 7.8 mg +/- 0.3, respectively) were significantly lower. Lower intakes were observed in women versus men, in older (65 to 74 years) versus younger (19 to 34 years) age groups, and among people with lower versus higher education and income levels. Lower zinc intakes in women and older persons could be mainly attributed to lower overall energy intake compared with gender and age counterparts. However, lower intakes in blacks and persons with lower education or income levels were not explained by differences in energy intake and may be attributed to differences in food selections. Meat and milk products contributed the majority of zinc in recalled diets, accounting for 56 and 60% of total zinc intake in blacks and whites, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Levels and sources of zinc intake in 1976-80 were higher than in more recent national surveys, suggesting that zinc intakes may be declining. Population groups more likely to have lower intakes were women, older adults, blacks, and those with lower levels of education and higher poverty levels.
At-Bias Extraction of Access Parasitic Resistances in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs: Impact on Device Linearity and Channel Electron Velocity

AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistor "hot" parasitic source and drain resistances RS,D are determined under operating biases through wideband S-parameter measurements, without the use of "ColdFET" biasing conditions. Both RS and RD are found to increase dramatically over ColdFET values, both for biases approaching threshold and for open-channel conditions. Parasitic resistance values have a significant effect on the extracted small-signal equivalent circuit model elements, as well as on the apparent device linearity. The bias dependence of access resistances modifies the understanding of the transistor physical operation: A revised delay time analysis accounting for the bias dependence of parasitic resistances shows that the effective average electron velocity in the AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron-gas channel is approximately equal to 1.9 times 107 cm/s. This new value of channel velocity is also consistent with the CGS/gMO ratio obtained when the bias dependence of RS and RD is accounted for during the extraction of the transistor small-signal equivalent circuit model
Power spectral analysis of surface EMG in stroke: A preliminary study

The objective of this preliminary study was to examine the utility of power spectral analysis of recorded surface EMG signals in identifying altered MUAP characteristics in hand muscles of stroke survivors. We derived parameters from EMG power spectral analysis, such as frequency range and median frequency and made comparisons between data obtained from the affected and contralateral sides of stroke subjects. The goal was to identify whether power spectral analysis of the surface EMG could be used to infer changes in action potential characteristics that can occur in post-stroke muscle. We utilized both a standard single differential electrode (Delsys, Inc.) and in a separate set of experiments, a sensor array electrode (Delsys, Inc.) that consists of 5 slender cylindrical probes. Recordings were made during isometric force contractions at varying levels. Utilizing a novel decomposition system (Delsys, Inc.) and the sensor array electrode, we were able to derive MUAP parameters, such as p-p amplitude and p-p duration. Preliminary results suggest that there were significant differences in the median frequency values between the stroke and contralateral side of three tested stroke subjects; however, this did not follow the differences in MUAP p-p duration values. There were also significant differences in the median frequency recorded from the sensor array electrode as compared to the single differential electrode on both the stroke and contralateral sides of our tested stroke subjects, as expected. We discuss the possible explanations for our results, specifically pertaining to the clinical scores for each subject.
Learning maximal generalized decision rules via discretization, generalization and rough set feature selection

We present a method to mine maximal generalized decision rules from databases by integrating discretization, generalization and rough sets feature selection. Our method reduces the data horizontally and vertically. In the first phase, discretization and generalization are integrated and the numeric attributes are discretized into a few intervals. Primitive values of symbolic attributes are replaced by high level concepts and some obvious superfluous or irrelevant symbolic attributes are also eliminated. Horizontal reduction is accomplished by merging identical tuples after the substitution of an attribute value by its higher level value in a predefined concept hierarchy for symbolic attributes or the discretization of continuous (or numeric) attributes. In the second phase, a novel context sensitive feature merit measure is used to rank the features, a subset of relevant attributes is chosen based on rough sets theory and the merit values of the features. A reduced table is obtained by removing those attributes which are not in the relevant attributes subset and the data set is further reduced vertically without destroying the interdependence relationships between the classes and the attributes. Rough sets based value reduction is further performed on the reduced table and all redundant condition values are dropped, finally, tuples in the reduced table are transformed into a set of maximal generalized decision rules. The experimental results on UCI data sets and an actual market database shows that our method can dramatically reduce the feature space and improve the learning accuracy.
Periodic orbits from /spl Delta/-modulation of stable linear systems

The /spl Delta/-modulated control of a single input, discrete time, linear stable system is investigated. The modulation direction is given by c/sup T/x where c /spl isin/R/sup n//spl bsol/{0} is a given, otherwise arbitrary, vector. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic points of a finite order. Some concrete results about the existence of a certain order of periodic points are also derived. We also study the relationship between certain polyhedra and the periodicity of the /spl Delta/-modulated orbit.
A method for making estimates of the benefit of the late use of letrozole in patients completing 5 years of tamoxifen.

This article discusses the rationale for 2 methods of making estimates of the benefit of letrozole as extended adjuvant hormonal therapy after 5 years of tamoxifen. It uses information from the Overview metaanalyses to develop general rules for making estimates of remaining risk of relapse for women completing 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen without relapse. The first derived method shows that the expected benefit for such a woman is approximately one tenth of her risk of relapse in years 0-10 if untreated. The second method uses a modification of Adjuvant! , a decision support tool, and makes similar estimates. The decision tool supplies needed estimates of initial risk and allows adjustment for competing mortality. Uncertainties involved in making these estimates are also discussed.
PART-BASED PEDESTRIAN DETECTION AND TRACKING USING HOG-SVM CLASSIFICATION

Pedestrian detection is an essential and challenging task in any intelligent video surveillance system. Despite the challenges, pedestrian detection remains an active area of research in computer vision and a number of approaches have grown steadily in recent years. The major challenge is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. This paper proposes a pedestrian detection system that uses a part-based approach. The system is based on a two-stage classifier. Candidates are detected using a Haar cascade classifier and then partverification is done using the cascade object detector. The Histogram of oriented gradients is found for the whole input and it is combined with the classification done using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The location of the human is detected using a background subtraction algorithm. The detected human are traced by determining the centroid point of the blob and keeping track of its location. The tracking provides the identity of the human location and the location that the human has traversed. The robustness of this system relies on the combination of a HOG and SVM classification.