Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the Use of Frequency Doubling Technology Perimetry in Community Vision Screenings

Purpose. In recent years, Frequency Doubling Technology perimetry (FDT) has been added to traditional ocular health testing in screening for glaucoma. This study examines a number of strategies to employ FDT in an effort to determine its optimal use in large community screenings. Methods. In Part I, 1253 persons participated in a free, community vision screening in a large metropolitan area. FDT testing was limited to those in a high-risk group, defined as individuals over age 45 and either black or having a family history of glaucoma that passed the eye health part of the screening. In Part II, a simulated screening performed at the same location examined four different strategies for utilizing FDT: (1) FDT limited to the high risk group passing eye health testing; (2) FDT on all persons passing eye health testing; (3) FDT and eye health testing on all persons; and (4) FDT on all persons, without eye health testing. Results. In the community screening, 1043 persons (83.2%) passed the eye health testing. 159 (15.2%) of the 1043 were in the high risk group and were tested with FDT. 19 (1.5%) of these tests resulted in failure. There were few unreliable tests (5.0%). For the simulated screening, specificity and sensitivity with 95% confidence intervals for strategies one through four were, respectively, 83.3% (64.5 to 93.7) and 77.8% (51.9 to 92.6); 80.0% (60.9 to 91.6) and 88.9% (63.9 to 98.1); 76.7% (57.3 to 89.4) and 94.4% (70.6 to 99.7); 90.0% (72.3 to 97.4) and 38.9% (18.3 to 63.9). Conclusion. In the community screening, FDT performed reliably and identified abnormalities in a significant number of persons in the high-risk group passing the eye health part of the screening. However, with the exception of the poor sensitivity shown by strategy 4, results from the simulated screening did not support the usefulness of one strategy over another.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II-Peptide Complexes Internalize Using a Clathrin- and Dynamin-independent Endocytosis Pathway*

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules (MHC-II) function by binding antigenic peptides and displaying these peptides on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by peptide-MHC-II (pMHC-II)-specific CD4 T cells. It is known that cell surface MHC-II can internalize, exchange antigenic peptides in endosomes, and rapidly recycle back to the plasma membrane; however, the molecular machinery and trafficking pathways utilized by internalizing/recycling MHC-II have not been identified. We now demonstrate that unlike newly synthesized invariant chain-associated MHC-II, mature cell surface pMHC-II complexes internalize following clathrin-, AP-2-, and dynamin-independent endocytosis pathways. Immunofluorescence microscopy of MHC-II expressing HeLa-CIITA cells, human B cells, and human DCs revealed that pMHC enters Arf6+Rab35+EHD1+ tubular endosomes following endocytosis. These data contrast the internalization pathways followed by newly synthesized and peptide-loaded MHC-II molecules and demonstrates that cell surface pMHC-II internalize and rapidly recycle from early endocytic compartments in tubular endosomes.
Parameter-Efficient Harmonic Networks for JPEG Compression Artifact Removal

Many modern learning algorithms try to solve JPEG compression artifact removal (CAR) problem in pixel domain by mapping low-quality compressed image to high-quality image. Although JPEG artifacts arise from quantizing DCT coefficients of non-overlapped image blocks, researchers utilize transform domain as auxiliary information at most. On the other hand, it is well known and approved that extracting image blocks with overlap improves decompression performance. Inspired by these observations, we propose novel and fully transform domain convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the problem. We choose DCT and DST, another effective DCT-like transform in terms of energy compactness, as the transform to be utilized and refer them as harmonic transforms. We perform harmonic transform on small overlapping blocks of compressed image in the first layer of the proposed networks, and we create spectral feature maps by properly ordering their harmonic transform coefficients with the same frequency. After a series of convolution blocks, we take inverse harmonic transform of the corresponding image blocks at the end of the network and put the resulting decompressed blocks back in their place. We show that forward and inverse transform layers of our harmonic networks are efficiently implemented with fast convolution and deconvolution layers by using 2D harmonic basis images as convolution kernels with a mathematical justification. Experimental study indicates that although our harmonic networks have a simple network topology and much fewer parameters than compared state-of-the-art deep networks, they are effective and efficient to suppress compression artifacts and give comparable results.
The Television Audience:

This paper addresses recent debates concerning the conceptualization of the television audience and the viewing context. It re-examines concepts that have acquired `commonsense' status within media studies, for example, `active', `social', `context' and `critical'. These concepts are discussed in relation to illustrative extracts from audience discussions of the drama-documentary, Who Bombed Birmingham? Twelve group discussions were carried out following presentation of the drama-documentary with the groups categorized as `interest' and `non-interest'. Attention is given first, to whether viewers actively negotiate meanings and how their readings are informed by their social group memberships and second, to the way in which viewers draw upon knowledge sources external to the text. Finally, consideration is given to the extent to which it can be said that viewers' reflexivity constitutes `critical' readings.
Heart Disease Classification Using Different Transfer Learning Models

Heart diseases are becoming more common daily, especially among the older population. Therefore, an automated detection system is necessary to avoid the life-threatening effects of heart disease (HD). Early identification of heart problems may be determined by an automatic system, which specialists in the medical field use. In the past days, different diseases were detected by manually identifying features from the Electrocardiogram signal (ECG). However, the latest study has shown that information extraction and categorization may be done independently by employing deep learning (DL) neural networks. To develop efficient DL models, massive amounts of information are necessary; this is not the case for physiological signals. Therefore, in terms of transfer learning, both the recognition and categorization of heart diseases are considered. In this work, we have used eight transfer learning (TL) models to classify HD based on the information gained from millions of data that are applied to our data set. Various TL models are evaluated based on accuracy, layers, optimizer, and signal-to-image conversion method.
Multiple queries with conditional attributes (QCATs) for anomaly detection and visualization

This paper describes a visual analytics method for visualizing the effects of multiple anomaly detection models, exploring the complex model space of a specific type of detection method, namely Query with Conditional Attributes (QCAT), and facilitating the construction of composite models using multiple QCATs. We have developed a prototype system that features a browser-based interface, and database-driven back end. We tested the system using the "Inside Threats Dataset" provided by CMU.
Tracing the development of the inverse base-rate effect in category learning.

TRACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INVERSE BASE-RATE EFFECT IN CATEGORY LEARNING FEBRUARY 1999 FERNE JOI FRIEDMAN-BERG, B.A., TEMPLE UNIVERSITY M.S., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Arnold D. Well In this thesis we examined how the inverse base-rate effect (Medin & Edelson, 1988) develops over time and explored the associations of category features to categories formed during learning which may cause the effect. Six experiments are presented which extend the findings of previous research into the inverse base-rate effect. In these experiments, after first establishing an inverse base-rate effect, we manipulated frequencies using a simplified version of Medin & Bettger's (1991) Experiment 2 and examined the separate responses of fast and slow learners. When testing for the inverse base-rate effect throughout learning while manipulating frequencies we found that the development of the inverse base-rate effect is intrinsically tied to the frequencies which are present during learning. The effect appeared to develop whether those unequal category frequencies are present early or later in learning, contingent upon when learning takes place. Also found was an inverse triplet base-rate effect. Finally, we examined a proposal made by Kruschke (1996) in which he states that the inverse base-rate effect is caused by the perfectly predictive feature(s) of a rare category being learned in contrast to
The role of identity in extra‐role behaviors: development of a conceptual model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual model that discerns when and how extra role behaviors result in positive versus negative outcomes for individuals and organizations. The focus is on how employees' citizenship identities shape extra‐role behaviors which include both organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) and contextual performance behaviors (CPBs). Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses role identity theory as the theoretical lens to develop the model of extra‐role behaviors, distinguishing between OCBs and CPBs.Findings – While extra‐role behaviors are generally associated with positive organizational functioning, these behaviors also have been linked to negative individual outcomes, such as work‐family conflict, role overload, and reduced task performance. Based on previous research and theory, a conceptual model is developed that explains when extra‐role behaviors will occur, when and why these behaviors will be internalized as an identity, and how identities affe.
A Consideration of Trust Evaluation for Individual System Developers

In recent years, with the proliferation of cloud computing technology, companies have increasingly adopted cloud services. In particular, the need for DX business in the software industry has led to an increase in job vacancies. The use of freelancers is a possible response to the shortage of jobs. An important consideration when a company chooses a freelancer is whether he or she can be trusted to get the job done on time. Such information cannot be derived from the submitted profile. This paper proposes a method to objectively assess the trustworthiness of freelancers. Moreover, a mechanism that prevents falsification of the evaluation is also considered. As a result, in the evaluation of the trust of freelancers, it was qualitatively shown that it is desirable to have a mechanism that prevents unauthorized use and falsification by applying digital signature with cloud environment to a third party's reference letter.
Measuring Hofstede's Five Dimensions of Cultural Values at the Individual Level: Development and Validation of CVSCALE

ABSTRACT Hofstede's (1980 and 2001) renowned five-dimensional measure of cultural values is the overwhelmingly dominant metric of culture. His measure has been used as a contextual variable, but it is often required to directly measure cultural values for individual consumers or managers. The purpose of this research is to respond to the call for developing a psychometrically sound measure of Hofstede's culture at the individual level. Past research in this area has developed a scale for only one of Hofstede's dimensions, a highly work-oriented scale, or a scale with poor reliability. By overcoming every major weakness of past studies, this research offers CVSCALE, a 26-item five-dimensional scale of individual cultural values that assesses Hofstede's cultural dimensions at the individual level. The scale shows adequate reliability, validity, and across-sample and across-national generalizability.
Transmission Line Conductor Temperature Impact on State Estimation Accuracy

State estimation has become a tool of vital importance in modern control centers. If the accuracy of the state estimation could be increased this will mean that a more reliable representation of the power system is obtained and the operation and control functions can make better decisions. This paper studies the influence of changes of the transmission lines resistance due to temperature on state estimation performance. The possibility to account for this effect in state estimation is shown by the use of Line Heat Balance equation and weather data.
A Case Study Using Failure Mode Effect Testing to Support the MIL-HDBK-516C Airworthiness Certification

Summary & Conclusions The case study is based upon Paragraph 7.2. 4.1. 4 Failure modes in Section 7 Propulsion and Propulsion Installations of MIL-HDBK-516C [1]. Paragraph 7.2. 4.1. 4 is studied in detail, and both a fail-operational scenario and a fail-safe scenario are discussed in this paper. Fault injection-based Failure Modes and Effects Testing (FMET) is applied to MIL-HDBK-516C Paragraph 7.2. 4.1. 4 as the Method of Compliance in this case study. Fault injection tests provide the verification and validation evidence for the MIL-HDBK-516C airworthiness certification that requirement-based testing alone cannot provide.
SPML: A Visual Approach for Modeling Firewall Configurations

This paper describes a graphical notation for modeling security policy, currently focused on firewalls, named SPML. Using SPML, it is possible to specify graphically the security policy to be implemented by firewalls and to configure firewalls at high level, since the rules can be translated to native configuration. To present the approach proposed, we show how to translate SPML models into firewall configuration.
Comparison of two new generation influenza rapid diagnostic tests with instrument-based digital readout systems for influenza virus detection

Abstract Introduction: Influenza rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) have been developed to supply scientists with more sensitive and specific techniques. Newly developed digital reader-based techniques require test evaluations before their clinical application. Methods: Two types of digital influenza RDTs using a digital readout system and one conventional RDT were compared using 314 nasopharyngeal swabs of influenza. The swabs originated from symptomatic individuals suspected of influenza infection, and the presence of influenza was confirmed with influenza real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing and influenza subtyping. Methods were the Sofia® Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay (FIA), which uses a portable fluorescence analyser, the BD Veritor™ System Flu A + B, which uses a colorimetric immunochromatographic method with a reflectance-based measurement digital device, and the SD Bioline assay, which is based on a traditional immunochromatographic method. Results: The Sofia® Influenza A + B system, the BD Veritor™ System Flu A + B and the SD Bioline assay showed sensitivities in relative real-time PCR results of 74.2, 73.0 and 53.9%, respectively, for influenza A, and 82.5, 72.8 and 71.0%, respectively, for influenza B. All three RDTs showed 100% specificities for influenza A and influenza B. The Sofia® Influenza A + B Fluorescence Immunoassay showed sensitive and specific results for the detection of influenza B in contrast to the BD Veritor™ System Flu A + B. The two digital RDTs showed higher sensitivity and specificity than the conventional RDT in the detection of the influenza H3 subtype. Conclusions: Digital-based readout systems for the detection of the influenza virus can be applied for more sensitive diagnosis in clinical settings than conventional RDTs.
Evidence of Unequal Treatment in Hiring Against Obese Applicants: A Field Experiment

This study presents evidence of recruitment discrimination against obese individuals in Sweden by sending fictitious applications to real job openings. Otherwise identical applications were randomly assigned a portrait photograph of an obese or a normalweight job applicant. Applications with an obese applicant receive twenty percent fewer callbacks for an interview. It is also found that discrimination is the same against men and women and that it varies across occupations in a systematic way in that firms hiring employees in occupations with more customer contact discriminate more. The tentative conclusion is that customer discrimination and/or statistical discrimination based on the correlation between job performance and being obese is the explanation. Also, opposite to what is expected, register data show that the share of obese employees is higher in occupations were discrimination is found to be higher.
The effect of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation on ADHD symptoms in children: a randomized controlled double-blind study

Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuro-developmental disorder in childhood. Its pharmacologic treatment mostly includes methylphenidate, yet many parents seek alternative, “natural,” therapeutic options, commonly omega-3 fatty acids. Previous studies of supplementation with fish oil or long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to children with ADHD yielded mixed results. The use of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a medium-chained, plant-based omega-3 fatty acid (18:3 n-3), has not been sufficiently examined in this population. Methods: Forty untreated children with ADHD, aged 6–16 years, were randomized to receive either 2 g/day of oil containing 1 g ALA or placebo, for 8 weeks. Before and after supplementation, the children underwent a physician assessment of ADHD symptoms and a computerized continuous performance functions test. The children’s parents and teachers filled out Conners’ and DSM questionnaires. Results: Seventeen (42.5%) children completed the study, eight in the supplementation group, nine in the placebo group. Main drop-out reasons were capsule size, poor compliance, and a sense of lack of effect. No significant difference was found in any of the measured variables tested before and after supplementation, in both study groups. No between-group difference was found in the changes of the various measures of ADHD symptoms throughout the study period. Conclusion: Supplementation of 2 g/day of oil containing 1 g ALA did not significantly reduce symptoms in children with ADHD. Future studies in this field should consider an alternative method to deliver the oil, a higher dose, and a larger sample size.
The PROactive instruments to measure physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

No current patient-centred instrument captures all dimensions of physical activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our objective was item reduction and initial validation of two instruments to measure physical activity in COPD. Physical activity was assessed in a 6-week, randomised, two-way cross-over, multicentre study using PROactive draft questionnaires (daily and clinical visit versions) and two activity monitors. Item reduction followed an iterative process including classical and Rasch model analyses, and input from patients and clinical experts. 236 COPD patients from five European centres were included. Results indicated the concept of physical activity in COPD had two domains, labelled “amount” and “difficulty”. After item reduction, the daily PROactive instrument comprised nine items and the clinical visit contained 14. Both demonstrated good model fit (person separation index >0.7). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the bidimensional structure. Both instruments had good internal consistency (Cronbach's α>0.8), test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥0.9) and exhibited moderate-to-high correlations (r>0.6) with related constructs and very low correlations (r<0.3) with unrelated constructs, providing evidence for construct validity. Daily and clinical visit “PROactive physical activity in COPD” instruments are hybrid tools combining a short patient-reported outcome questionnaire and two activity monitor variables which provide simple, valid and reliable measures of physical activity in COPD patients. Both PROactive hybrid tools are simple, valid, and reliable measures of physical activity in COPD patients http://ow.ly/LJqP8
Muscle-Derived IL-6 Is Not Regulated by IL-1 during Exercise. A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Crossover Study

Exercise increases muscle derived Interleukin–6 (IL–6) leading to insulin secretion via glucagon-like peptide–1. IL–1 antagonism improves glycemia and decreases systemic inflammation including IL–6 in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, it is not known whether physiological, exercise-induced muscle-derived IL–6 is also regulated by the IL–1 system. Therefore we conducted a double blind, crossover study in 17 healthy male subjects randomized to receive either the IL–1 receptor antagonist IL-1Ra (anakinra) or placebo prior to an acute treadmill exercise. Muscle activity led to a 2–3 fold increase in serum IL–6 concentrations but anakinra had no effect on this exercise-induced IL–6. Furthermore, the IL–1 responsive inflammatory markers CRP, cortisol and MCP–1 remained largely unaffected by exercise and anakinra. We conclude that the beneficial effect of muscle-induced IL–6 is not meaningfully affected by IL–1 antagonism. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01771445
ASSESSMENT OF NON-INVASIVE MARKERS IN IDENTIFYING PATIENTS AT RISK OF INDUCIBLE VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS

Background: A number of non-invasive tools have been tested to assess arrhythmogenic risk in different patients groups. Some of them could possibly predict the inducibility of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS). Methods: The study has been conducted at Al-Kadhimia Teaching Hospital, Baghdad/Iraq.26 patients suspected to have ventricular arrhythmias as underlying cause to their symptoms and planned for PVS were included between May 2004 to December 2005. In one patient electrophysiologic (EP) study could not be performed because he was in slow well tolerated VT and thus was omitted from the study. QRS-dispersion (QRSd), QT-dispersion (QTd), short-term heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) were measured in all the 25 patients prior to their admission for PVS. The patients were divided in 2 groups according to the result of the invasive EP study: Group I (n=17) included the patients in whom ventricular arrhythmia (VA) couldnâ€™t be induced by PVS. Group II (n=8) included the patients in whom sustained VA was induced by PVS. Results: A higher mean QRSd, QTd and QRSd+QTd was found in group II in comparison with Group I. A significant difference was noticed in mean QRSd and QRSd+QTd (p=0.038 and 0.0167 respectively) but not in QTd (p=0.161). A significant difference between the two groups was noticed in mean short-term HRV (p=0.014). Mean turbulence onset (TO) value was higher (p=0.014) and mean turbulence slope (TS) value were lower (p=0.544) in Group II, but the difference was significant only in mean TO. Conclusion: QRS dispersion, short-term heart rate variability and turbulence onset may be important risk stratifying parameters regarding arrythmogenic liability. Pak J Physiol 2013;9(2):3â€“7