Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scheduling Using Simulated Annealing

Most nodes of modern massively-parallel computing systems contain processors that use instruction-level parallelism to increase the speed of the individual processor. In order to achieve the greatest speedup possible, the compiler must perform instruction scheduling so that instructions are presented to the processor in the order that is most efficient. Instruction scheduling is a compiler problem that, due to its NP-complete nature, requires heuristic solutions for any significant programs. One promising stochastic search technique that shows promise in the realm of instruction scheduling is the use of simulated annealing (SA.) Simulated annealing can be thought of as modified hill-climbing that includes “occasional perturbations” in the search space under investigation to avoid the problem of getting stuck in a local minimum or maximum. The process gets its name from the fact that it closely follows the physical process of annealing which is gradual cooling of a liquid until it solidifies. We implemented an SA-driven instruction scheduler in our compiler for instruction-level parallel (ILP) architectures. This allows us to compare our SA instruction scheduler with a more traditional list scheduling approach. Experimental comparison of 114 data dependence graphs efficiency improvement of more than 6% when using an SAdriven scheduler over results obtainable with the standard list scheduling technique.
Flow and Stock Effects of Large-Scale Asset Purchases: Evidence on the Importance of Local Supply

The Federal Reserve’s 2009 program to purchase $300 billion of US Treasury securities represented an unprecedented intervention in the Treasury market and provides a natural experiment with the potential to shed light on the price elasticities of Treasuries and theories of supply effects in the term structure. Using security-level data on Treasury prices and quantities during the course of this program, we document a ‘local supply’ effect in the yield curve—yields within a particular maturity sector responded more to changes in the amounts outstanding in that sector than to similar changes in other sectors. We find that this phenomenon was responsible for a persistent downward shift in yields averaging about 30 basis points over the course of the program (the “stock effect”). In addition, except at very long maturities, purchase operations caused an average decline in yields in the sector purchased of 3.5 basis points on the days when those operations occurred (the “flow effect”). The sensitivity of our results to security characteristics generally supports a view of segmentation or imperfect substitution within the Treasury market during this time.
Glutathione S-transferase pi amplification is associated with cisplatin resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and primary tumors.

PURPOSE The purpose is to evaluate the association of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) amplification and cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in 10 head and neck cancer cell lines by comparative genomic hybridization was performed. GST-pi amplification and expression were evaluated in head and neck cell lines and paraffin-embedded tissue by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Changes in the DNA copy number were seen in all 10 cell lines by comparative genomic hybridization. The most frequent chromosomal alterations were: gain at 3q; loss at 3p; gain at 8q; loss of 18q; gain at 20q; loss at 8p; and gain of 11q11-q13. Using FISH, 9 of 10 cell lines showed increased GST-pi copy number. GST-pi amplification was detected in 7 of 10 cell lines. Five were relatively cisplatin resistant, and 2 were relatively cisplatin sensitive (mean IC(50), 11.2 and 2.75 microM). Two relatively cisplatin-sensitive cell lines showed GST-pi gain and another relatively cisplatin-sensitive cell line had predominantly two copies of the gene. In 10 tumor specimens, 4 had two copies of GST-pi. All 4 had a complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 3 of whom are alive >50 months from treatment compared with 2 patients showing GST-pi amplification. Neither responded to chemotherapy, and both died of disease <9 months from diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Using FISH, GST-pi amplification is a common event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and may be associated with cisplatin resistance and poor clinical outcomes in head and neck cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based therapy.
Real-Time Visual Tracking through Fusion Features

Due to their high-speed, correlation filters for object tracking have begun to receive increasing attention. Traditional object trackers based on correlation filters typically use a single type of feature. In this paper, we attempt to integrate multiple feature types to improve the performance, and we propose a new DD-HOG fusion feature that consists of discriminative descriptors (DDs) and histograms of oriented gradients (HOG). However, fusion features as multi-vector descriptors cannot be directly used in prior correlation filters. To overcome this difficulty, we propose a multi-vector correlation filter (MVCF) that can directly convolve with a multi-vector descriptor to obtain a single-channel response that indicates the location of an object. Experiments on the CVPR2013 tracking benchmark with the evaluation of state-of-the-art trackers show the effectiveness and speed of the proposed method. Moreover, we show that our MVCF tracker, which uses the DD-HOG descriptor, outperforms the structure-preserving object tracker (SPOT) in multi-object tracking because of its high-speed and ability to address heavy occlusion.
Replication of Vibrio cholerae Chromosome I in Escherichia coli: Dependence on Dam Methylation

ABSTRACT We successfully substituted Escherichia coli's origin of replication oriC with the origin region of Vibrio cholerae chromosome I (oriCIVc ). Replication from oriCIVc initiated at a similar or slightly reduced cell mass compared to that of normal E. coli oriC. With respect to sequestration-dependent synchrony of initiation and stimulation of initiation by the loss of Hda activity, replication initiation from oriC and oriCIVc were similar. Since Hda is involved in the conversion of DnaAATP (DnaA bound to ATP) to DnaAADP (DnaA bound to ADP), this indicates that DnaA associated with ATP is limiting for V. cholerae chromosome I replication, which similar to what is observed for E. coli. No hda homologue has been identified in V. cholerae yet. In V. cholerae, dam is essential for viability, whereas in E. coli, dam mutants are viable. Replacement of E. coli oriC with oriCIVc allowed us to specifically address the role of the Dam methyltransferase and SeqA in replication initiation from oriCIVc . We show that when E. coli's origin of replication is substituted by oriCIVc , dam, but not seqA, becomes important for growth, arguing that Dam methylation exerts a critical function at the origin of replication itself. We propose that Dam methylation promotes DnaA-assisted successful duplex opening and replisome assembly at oriCIVc in E. coli. In this model, methylation at oriCIVc would ease DNA melting. This is supported by the fact that the requirement for dam can be alleviated by increasing negative supercoiling of the chromosome through oversupply of the DNA gyrase or loss of SeqA activity.
Polynomial-time algorithms for permutation groups

A permutation group on n letters may always be represented by a small set of generators, even though its size may be exponential in n. We show that it is practical to use such a representation since many problems such as membership testing, equality testing, and inclusion testing are decidable in polynomial time. In addition, we demonstrate that the normal closure of a subgroup can be computed in polynomial time, and that this proceaure can be used to test a group for solvability. We also describe an approach to computing the intersection of two groups. The procedures and techniques have wide applicability and have recently been used to improve many graph isomorphism algorithms.
A DPA-Resistant Digit-Parallel Modular Multiplier over GF (2m)

Researches on DPA-resistant ECC implementation are concentrated in algorithm level. All these countermeasures need a big random number and extra memory overhead which are rare resources in hardware. On the other hand, universal countermeasures in logic level have a big area overhead and face many popular DPA attacks. To avoid these disadvantages, we attempt to solve it in architecture level. This paper presents a DPA-resistant digit-Parallel modular multiplier over GF (2m) which can be used to conceive a secure ECC implementation. It uses 1-bit random number and brings about 20% overhead in speed, 50% overhead in area and 75% overhead in power. Simulations based on back-annotated netlists show that our method can prevent popular DPA attacks successfully.
Mentoring and networking: perceptions by athletic administrators.

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze mentoring and networking among selected male and female administrators employed by National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions. A random sample of 263 NCAA administrators (106 males, 157 females) participated in the study. Data were collected through a mail questionnaire and a follow-up interview, both developed by the researcher. Results indicate that NCAA administrators have mentoring relationships and participate actively in networking. The mentoring relationships and the networking utilized by these administrators included both formal and informal involvement. The results indicate that NCAA administrators perceive that having a mentor and actively networking assists in an individual’s personal and professional development.
Discharge patterns of neurons in the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus of the unanesthetized rabbit.

The ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses of neurons in the VNLL have not been extensively studied. Previous studies in nonecholocating species have used anesthesia, which is known to affect discharge patterns. In addition, there is disagreement about the proportion of neurons that are sensitive to binaural stimulation. This report examines the responses of neurons in the VNLL of the unanesthetized rabbit to monaural and binaural stimuli. Most neurons responded to contralateral tone bursts at their best frequency and had either sustained or phasic discharge patterns. A few neurons were only inhibited. Most sustained neurons were classified as short-latency sustained (SL-sustained), but a few were of long latency. Some SL-sustained neurons exhibited multiple peaks in their discharge pattern, i.e., they had a "chopper" discharge pattern, whereas other SL-sustained neurons did not exhibit this pattern. In ordinary chopper neurons, the multiple peaks corresponded to the evenly spaced action potentials of a regular discharge. In unusual chopper neurons, the action potential associated with a particular peak could fail to occur during any one presentation of the stimulus. Unusual chopper neurons had a relatively irregular discharge. Phasic neurons were of two types: onset and transient. Onset neurons typically responded with a single action potential at the onset of the tone, whereas transient neurons produced a burst of action potentials. Transient neurons were relatively rare. About half the neurons also were influenced by ipsilateral stimulation. Most binaurally influenced neurons were either sensitive to interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) or excited by contralateral stimulation and inhibited by ipsilateral stimulation. Neurons sensitive to ITDs were mostly of the onset type and were embedded in the fiber tract medial to the main part of the nucleus. Neurons inhibited by ipsilateral stimulation could be of the sustained or onset type. The sustained neurons were located on the periphery of the main nucleus as well as in the fiber tract. Most of the monaural neurons were in the main, high-density part of VNLL. The present results demonstrate that the VNLL contains neurons with a heterogeneous set of responses, and that many of the neurons are binaural.
The importance of anisotropy in modeling ST segment shift in subendocardial ischaemia

In this paper, a simple mathematical model of a slab of cardiac tissue is presented in an attempt to better understand the relationship between subendocardial ischaemia and the resulting epicardial potential distributions. The cardiac tissue is represented by the bidomain model where tissue anisotropy and fiber rotation have been incorporated with a view to predicting the epicardial surface potential distribution. The source of electric potential in this steady-state problem is the difference between plateau potentials in normal and ischaemic tissue, where it is assumed that ischaemic tissue has a lower plateau potential. Simulations with tissue anisotropy and no fiber rotation are also considered. Simulations are performed for various thicknesses of the transition region between normal and ischaemic tissue and for various sizes of the ischaemic region. The simulated epicardial potential distributions, based on an anisotropic model of the cardiac tissue, show that there are large, potential gradients above the border of the ischaemic region and that there are dips in the potential distribution above the region of ischaemia. It could be concluded from the simulations that it would be possible to predict the region of subendocardial ischaemia from the epicardial potential distribution, a conclusion contrary to observed experimental data. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. In the interests of mathematical simplicity, isotropic models of the cardiac tissue are also considered, but results from these simulations predict epicardial potential distributions vastly different from experimental observations. A major conclusion from this work is that tissue anisotropy and fiber rotation must be included to obtain meaningful and realistic epicardial potential distributions.
Zero-performance-overhead online fault detection and diagnosis in 3D stacked integrated circuits

In this paper we present a zero-performance-overhead online fault detection and diagnosis scheme that exploits the vertical proximity of hardware inherent in 3D stacked integrated circuits (3D-SIC). We consider a 3D stacked processor executing independent instruction streams from different threads, on each die. We propose the vertical clustering of functionally identical computational blocks in order to enable the utilization of the 3D specific low-latency interlayer communication infrastructure. The clustering facilitates the parallel re-execution of instructions on idle units located in the proximity of the units which initially computed them and in this way creates the means for fault diagnosis and detection. We detail the control, interconnection communication infrastructure, instruction distribution, and results processing policies required for our scheme. To determine the effectiveness of the approach, we evaluate its performance in terms of diagnosis latency and percentage of verified operations on 3 to 8 core processors implemented on 3 to 8 tier 3D-SICs, respectively, by means of simulations. Our experiments indicate that the diagnosis latency ranges from 9 to 5 cycles, for 3 to 8 cores, respectively. For transient fault detection our simulations indicate that 86% to 94% of all executed instructions are verified, for 3 to 8 cores, respectively. When only one of the layers is protected against transient faults the number of verified operations increases to 94% to 99%, for the same simulation conditions. This suggests that, if certain conditions are fulfilled at design time, our approach can completely protect one instruction stream identified as being critical for the application. Our simulations clearly indicate that the proposed scheme has the potential to improve the 3D stacked integrated circuits dependability with no performance overhead and at the expense of little area overhead.
Local bisection refinement for $n$-simplicial grids generated by reflection

A simple local bisection refinement algorithm for the adaptive refinement of n-simplicial grids is presented. The algorithm requires that the vertices of each simplex be ordered in a special way relative to those in neighboring simplices. It is proven that certain regular simplicial grids on [0, 1]n have this property, and the more general grids to which this method is applicable are discussed. The edges to be bisected are determined by an ordering of the simplex vertices, without local or global computation or communication. Further, the number of congruency classes in a locally refined grid turns out to be bounded above by n, independent of the level of refinement. Simplicial grids of higher dimension are frequently used to approximate solution manifolds of parametrized equations, for instance, as in [W. C. Rheinboldt, Numer. Math., 53 (1988), pp. 165-180] and [E. Allgower and K. Georg, Utilitas Math., 16 (1979), pp. 123-129]. They are also used for the determination of fixed points of functions from R to R n, as described in [M. J. Todd, Lecture Notes in Economic and Mathematical Systems, 124, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1976]. In two and three dimensions, such grids of triangles, respectively, tetrahedrons, are used for the computation of finite element solutions of partial differential equations, for example, as in [O. Axelsson and V. A. Barker, Finite Element Solution of Boundary Value Problems, Academic Press, Orlando, 1984], [R. E. Bank and B. D. Welfert, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 28 1991), pp. 591-623 ], [W. E Mitchell, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. , 13 (1992), pp. 146-147], and [M. C. Rivara, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 36 (1991), pp. 79-89]. The new method is applicable to any triangular grid and may possibly be applied to many tetrahedral grids using additional closure refinement to avoid incompatibilities.
Interchangeability of the adsorption proteins of bacteriophages Ff and IKe

The wild-type adsorption protein (g3p) of filamentous phage IKe cannot be exchanged with its analogous protein in the related Ff (M13, fd, and f1) phage particles. Deletion mutants of the protein, however, are assembled into Ff phage particles. These hybrid Ff phage particles bearing deleted IKe g3p attach to N pili, thus conserving the host attachment property of the protein but not its infection-initiating function. This means that the attachment specificity is determined by IKe g3p independently of other phage components in contact with it. Infection initiation function, the process in which phage DNA is released into the host, in contrast seems to require either more complex structural features of the protein (for example, a certain oligomeric structure) provided only in the original particle, or a concerted action of g3p with another particle component, not replaceable by its homologous counterpart in the related phage.
Peroxisome Degradation by Microautophagy in Pichia pastoris: Identification of Specific Steps and Morphological Intermediates

We used the dye N-(3-triethylammoniumpropyl)-4-(p-diethylaminophenylhexatrienyl) pyridinium dibromide (FM4-64) and a fusion protein, consisting of the green fluorescent protein appended to the peroxisomal targeting signal, Ser-Lys-Leu (SKL), to label the vacuolar membrane and the peroxisomal matrix, respectively, in living Pichia pastoris cells and followed by fluorescence microscopy the morphological and kinetic intermediates in the vacuolar degradation of peroxisomes by microautophagy and macroautophagy. Structures corresponding to the intermediates were also identified by electron microscopy. The kinetics of appearance and disappearance of these intermediates is consistent with a precursor–product relationship between intermediates, which form the basis of a model for microautophagy. Inhibitors affecting different steps of microautophagy did not impair peroxisome delivery to the vacuole via macroautophagy, although inhibition of vacuolar proteases affected the final vacuolar degradation of green fluorescent protein (S65T mutant version [GFP])-SKL via both autophagic pathways. P. pastoris mutants defective in peroxisome microautophagy (pag mutants) were isolated and characterized for the presence or absence of the intermediates. These mutants, comprising 6 complementation groups, support the model for microautophagy. Our studies indicate that the microautophagic degradation of peroxisomes proceeds via specific intermediates, whose generation and/or processing is controlled by PAG gene products, and shed light on the poorly understood phenomenon of peroxisome homeostasis.
The Interface between Phrasal and Functional Constraints

Many modern grammatical formalisms divide the task of linguistic specification into a context=free component of phrasal constraints and a separate component of attribute-value or functional constraints. Conventional methods for recognizing the strings of a language also divide into two parts so that they can exploit the different computational properties of these components. This paper focuses on the interface between these components as a source of computational complexity distinct from the complexity internal to each. We first analyze the common hybrid strategy in which a polynomial context-free parser is modified to interleave functional constraint solving with context-free constituent analysis. This strategy depends on the property of monotonicity in order to prune unnecessary computation. We describe a number of other properties that can be exploited for computational advantage, and we analyze some alternative interface strategies based on them. We present the results of preliminary experiments that generally support our intuitive analyses. A surprising outcome is that under certain circumstances an algorithm that does no pruning in the interface may perform significantly better than one that does.
Large-scale scene calibration method based on non-perpendicular vanishing points

The existing calibration method used in the large-scale scene generally utilizes the perpendicular vanishing points formed by the structured information on the buildings in the scene. Aimed at meeting the situations that no vanishing points exist or the existing vanishing points deviate verticality to a small degree, a two-step calibration method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, we place two designed marker poles in the scene to introduce in a pair of vanishing points and figure out the camera parameters by assuming that the introduced pair of vanishing points are perpendicular, secondly, we construct the error function when the vanishing points are non-perpendicular, and use the worked-out camera parameters as initial values to optimize the error function to obtain the accurate value of the parameters. The simulation and real experiments both show that the method is effective, accurate and robust.
TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion prevalence and class are significantly different in prostate cancer of caucasian, african‐american and japanese patients

Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits significant differences in prevalence and mortality among different ethnic groups. The underlying genetics is not well understood. TMPRSS2–ERG fusion is a common recurrent chromosomal aberration in PCa and is however not studied among different ethnic groups. We examined the prevalence and class of TMPRSS2–ERG gene fusion in PCa from Caucasian, African‐American, and Japanese patients.