Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Protocol for the CONVERT trial—Concurrent ONce-daily VErsus twice-daily RadioTherapy: an international 2-arm randomised controlled trial of concurrent chemoradiotherapy comparing twice-daily and once-daily radiotherapy schedules in patients with limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) and goo

Introduction Concurrent ONce-daily VErsus twice-daily RadioTherapy (CONVERT) is the only multicentre, international, randomised, phase III trial open in Europe and Canada looking at optimisation of chemoradiotherapy (RT) in limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC). Following on from the Turrisi trial of once-daily versus twice-daily (BD) concurrent chemoradiotherapy, there is a real need for a new phase III trial using modern conformal RT techniques and investigating higher once-daily radiation dose. This trial has the potential to define a new standard chemo-RT regimen for patients with LS-SCLC and good performance status. Methods and analysis 447 patients with histologically or cytologically proven diagnosis of SCLC were recruited from 74 centres in eight countries between 2008 and 2013. Patients were randomised to receive either concurrent twice-daily RT(45 Gy in 30 twice-daily fractions over 3 weeks) or concurrent once-daily RT(66 Gy in 33 once-daily fractions over 6.5 weeks) both starting on day 22 of cycle 1. Patients are followed up until death. The primary end point of the study is overall survival and secondary end points include local progression-free survival, metastasis-free survival, acute and late toxicity based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.3. 0, chemotherapy and RTdose intensity. Ethics and dissemination The trial received ethical approval from NRES Committee North West—Greater Manchester Central (07/H1008/229). There is a trial steering committee, including independent members and an independent data monitoring committee. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences. Trial registration number ISRCTN91927162; Pre-results.
The arcB gene of Escherichia coli encodes a sensor‐regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon

The arcA (dye) and arcB genes of Escherichia coli are responsible for anaerobic repression of target operons and regulons of aerobic function (the arc modulon). The amino acid sequence of ArcA (Dye) indicated that it is the regulator protein of a two‐component control system. Here we show that ArcB is a membrane sensor protein on the basis of its deduced amino acid sequence (778 residues), hydropathicity profile, and cellular distribution. On the carboxyl end of the ArcB sequence there is an additional domain showing homology with conserved regions of regulator proteins. Deletion into this domain destroyed ArcB function. ArcB conserved a histidine residue for autophosphorylation of the sensor proteins, and aspartic residues important for the regulator proteins.
Mechanisms of idiotype suppression. IV. Functional neutralization in mixtures of idiotype-specific suppressor and hapten-specific suppressor T cells

Specific tolerance to phosphorylcholine (PC) can be induced in BALB/c mice by neonatal injection with either pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (PnC) or anti-TEPC 15 idiotype (T15Id) antibody specific for the major idiotype (Id) of anti-PC antibody. Spleen cells from these tolerant mice exhibited T cell-mediated active suppression of anti-PC response when they were co-cultured with normal spleen cells. Suppressor cells from the PnC-injected mice appeared to bear either Lyt-1 or Lyt-2 antigens, whereas suppressor cells from anti-Id-treated mice expressed Lyt-2 antigens. Analyses of the specific receptors of these suppressor T cells, based on either adherence to PC and T15-coated petri dishes or cytolysis by rabbit anti-T15Id and monoclonal IgM anti-PC antibody with complement, revealed that receptors of PnC-induced suppressor T cells recognize PC, whereas receptors of anti-Id-induced suppressor T cells react with the T15Id. The possible interaction of the two different types of suppressor T cells was examined by co-culturing normal spleen cells with mixtures of the different suppressor cell types in various cell ratios in the presence of the T-independent PC-antigen, R36a. A brief incubation of anti-Id-induced, T15Id-specific suppressor T cells with PnC-induced, hapten-specific, and T15Id-bearing suppressor T cells resulted in complete cancellation of their suppressor function. These results suggest that idiotype network regulation may also occur among suppressor T cell population.
Parametric B-spline snakes on distance maps—Application to segmentation of histology images

We construct parametric active contours (snakes) for outlining cells in histology images. These snakes are defined in terms of cubic B-spline basis functions. We use a steerable ridge detector for obtaining a reliable map of the cell boundaries. Using the contour information thus obtained, we compute a distance map and specify it as one of the snake energies. To ensure smooth contours, we also introduce a regularization term that favors smooth contours. A convex combination of the two cost functions results in smooth contours that lock onto edges efficiently and consistently. Experimental results on real histology images show that the snake algorithm is robust to imperfections in the images such as broken edges.
Improving controllability of complex networks by rewiring links regularly

Network science have constantly been in the focus of research for the last decade, with considerable advances in the controllability of their structural. However, much less effort has been devoted to study that how to improve the controllability of complex networks. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to improve the controllability of complex networks by rewiring links regularly which transforms the network structure. Then it is demonstrated that our algorithm is very effective after numerical simulation experiment on typical network models (Erdös-Rényi and scale-free network). We find that our algorithm is mainly determined by the average degree and positive correlation of in-degree and out-degree of network and it has nothing to do with the network size. Furthermore, we analyze and discuss the correlation between controllability of complex networks and degree distribution index: power-law exponent and heterogeneity.
The McDonaldisation of police–academic partnerships: organisational and cultural barriers encountered in moving from research on police to research with police

ABSTRACT Partnerships between police and academics have proliferated in recent years, reflecting the increased recognition of the benefits to be had on both sides from collaborating on research, knowledge transfer and other activities. The literature on police–academic partnerships refer to inherent obstacles in bringing the ‘two worlds’ of research and practice together, and reflects an increased recognition on both sides of the benefits to be had from the co-production of research – reflecting a shift from conducting research on police, to conducting research with police. This takes place in the wider context of moves towards evidence-based policing, and the professionalisation of policing in the UK. In this paper we reflect on our experiences of building a police–academic partnership, focusing on: (1) the internal organisational and cultural drivers and barriers; (2) the opportunities offered via ‘in-house’ research by analysts and police officers and (3) evaluation. We highlight the increasing risk presented to both sides by the ‘McDonaldisation’ [Heslop, R. , 2011. The British police service: professionalization or ‘McDonaldization’? International journal of police science & management, 13 (4), 312–321, Ritzer, G. , 2004. The Mcdonaldization of society. London: Sage] of police–academic partnerships, and the need to thus play close attention to how the identification and prioritisation of research, its conduct, and aspects of evaluation, are managed and supported in practice, with open and transparent dialogue between police and academic partners. The paper draws on qualitative interviews conducted with police officers and police staff, and our observations and reflections while conducting a strategically driven university-police collaborative project with police forces in England.
Early Identification of Personalized Trending Topics in Microblogging

Social media has become a primary platform for the spread of information. Trending topics, which are breaking news and immediately popular stories, have become an attractive data source facilitating the spread of emerging issues. Motivated by the diverse trending topics covering from sports to politics, it is essential to help users find personalized trending topics. Since a topic in social media may start trending and get obsoleted quickly, the personalization would be more valuable to a user if the trending topic can be recommended before it is outdated. In order to identify personalized trending topics at an early stage, we propose to identify and exploit the auxiliary information. In particular, through collectively modeling content of similar users with social network information, we identify additional past contents that can enrich the training data of trending topics and users. The key insight is that though most posts of a user may be irrelevant, a few key posts can be signals revealing interests towards a particular topic. Experiments on real-world data demonstrate that our proposed approach effectively personalizes trending topics when they just start trending.
Chained Machine Translation Using Morphemes as Pivot Language

As the smallest meaning-bearing elements of the languages which have rich morphology information, morphemes are often integrated into state-of-the-art statistical machine translation to improve translation quality. The paper proposes an approach which novelly uses morphemes as pivot language in a chained machine translation system. A machine translation based method is used therein to find the mapping relations between morphemes and words. Experiments show the effectiveness of our approach, achieving 18.6 percent increase in BLEU score over the baseline phrase-based machine translation system.
Strengthening weak ties through on-line gaming

On-line gaming became widespread in the last couple of years. The aim of the research presented in the paper is to figure out to what extent does game playing helps to strengthen weak ties and what additional factors influence this process. The approach is rather exploratory – some factors are grounded in theory, some are new. These factors are age, gender, place of origin, number of their Facebook connections (friends in Facebook terminology), the amount of time they are on Facebook, the amount of time they keep the Facebook site open, the amount of time they play on-line games, and the reasons for starting to play on-line games. Regarding the latter, we chose to focus only on escapist reasons.
Measles virus antigens in breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in Western countries, showing a bimodal age distribution with peaks at 50 and 70 years. Multiple factors are encountered in the etiology of BC, including hereditary and hormonal causes. A few viruses, including MMTV, EBV and HPV have been reported to be associated with BC. This group previously described the presence of the measles virus (MV) in biopsies of patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma. The present study explored MV antigens in BC patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 131 patients with invasive BC diagnosed during the years 1998-2005 were studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the presence of MV antigens, hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein. Clinicopathological parameters included age, stage, histological grade and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2/neu, p53, and Ki67. RESULTS Hormone receptors and HER2/neu were positive in 54% and 18% of the tumors, respectively. Both MV antigens were detected in 64% of the tumors. All biopsies containing a DCIS component showed MV in DCIS in addition to invasive BC. In univariate analysis, MV correlated with estrogen receptor (p=0.018), low Ki67 index (<40%, p=0.029), low or intermediate grade (p=0.037), age under 50 years (p=0.039), progesterone receptor (p=0.043) and overexpression of p53 (p=0.049). In multivariate analysis, only grade (p=0.011), p53 (p=0.03) and age (p=0.041) remained associated with MV. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the presence of MV antigens in a relatively large proportion of BC patients. MV was associated with younger age, lower histological grade and overexpression of p53, suggesting that it may play a role in the development of BC.
A Large-Scale Exploration of Factors Affecting Hand Hygiene Compliance Using Linear Predictive Models

This large-scale study, consisting of 24.5 million hand hygiene opportunities spanning 19 distinct facilities in 10 different states, uses linear predictive models to expose factors that may affect hand hygiene compliance. We examine the use of features such as temperature, relative humidity, influenza severity, day/night shift, federal holidays and the presence of new residents in predicting daily hand hygiene compliance. The results suggest that colder temperatures and federal holidays have an adverse effect on hand hygiene compliance rates, and that individual cultures and attitudes regarding hand hygiene exist among facilities.
The Glucuronyltransferase GlcAT-P Is Required for Stretch Growth of Peripheral Nerves in Drosophila

During development, the growth of the animal body is accompanied by a concomitant elongation of the peripheral nerves, which requires the elongation of integrated nerve fibers and the axons projecting therein. Although this process is of fundamental importance to almost all organisms of the animal kingdom, very little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of novel mutant alleles of GlcAT-P, the Drosophila ortholog of the mammalian glucuronyltransferase b3gat1. GlcAT-P mutants reveal shorter larval peripheral nerves and an elongated ventral nerve cord (VNC). We show that GlcAT-P is expressed in a subset of neurons in the central brain hemispheres, in some motoneurons of the ventral nerve cord as well as in central and peripheral nerve glia. We demonstrate that in GlcAT-P mutants the VNC is under tension of shorter peripheral nerves suggesting that the VNC elongates as a consequence of tension imparted by retarded peripheral nerve growth during larval development. We also provide evidence that for growth of peripheral nerve fibers GlcAT-P is critically required in hemocytes; however, glial cells are also important in this process. The glial specific repo gene acts as a modifier of GlcAT-P and loss or reduction of repo function in a GlcAT-P mutant background enhances VNC elongation. We propose a model in which hemocytes are required for aspects of glial cell biology which in turn affects the elongation of peripheral nerves during larval development. Our data also identifies GlcAT-P as a first candidate gene involved in growth of integrated peripheral nerves and therefore establishes Drosophila as an amenable in-vivo model system to study this process at the cellular and molecular level in more detail.
HYPOTHALAMIC DIGOXIN, CEREBRAL CHEMICAL DOMINANCE, AND PATHOGENESIS OF PULMONARY DISEASES

The isoprenoid pathway is a key regulatory pathway in the cell. It synthesizes digoxin, an endogenous membrane Na+-K+ ATPase inhibitor and modulator of synaptic transmission. The role of the isoprenoid pathway in lung diseases and its relation to hemispheric dominance was assessed in this study. The following parameters were measured in patients with (i) bronchial asthma, (ii) chronic bronchitis emphysemia, (iii) idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, (iv) sarcoidosis, and (v) in individuals with right hemispheric, left hemispheric and bihemispheric dominance: 1. plasma HMG CoA reductase, digoxin, dolichol, ubiquinone, and magnesium levels, 2. tryptophan, tyrosine catabolic patterns, 3. free radical metabolism, 4. glycoconjugate metabolism, and 5. membrane composition. In patients with lung disease there was elevated digoxin synthesis, increased dolichol and glycoconjugate levels, and low ubiquinone and elevated free radical levels. The RBC membrane Na+-K+ ATPase activity and serum magnesium were decreased. There was also an increase in tryptophan catabolites and reduction in tyrosine catabolites in the serum. There was an increase in cholesterol:phospholipid ratio and a reduction in glycoconjugate level of RBC membrane in these patients. The same biochemical patterns were obtained in individuals with right hemispheric chemical dominance. An upregulated isoprenoid pathway and hyperdigoxinemia are characteristic of lung disease and right hemispheric chemical dominance. Right hemispheric chemical dominance is important in deciding the predisposition to lung disease.
Building a Norm of Internationalization

The aim of this article is to explain how internationalization that is so widespread today has developed into an accepted standard in local contexts. This study demonstrates that internationalization of higher education can be regarded as a norm-building process that is facilitated through the active behavior of institutional agents. By using the illustrative case of Estonia, the article identifies different stages, actors, motives, and mechanisms that played a crucial role in establishing internationalization practices in Estonia’s higher education system. Informed by the data gathered through 28 interviews and three focus groups, the study also reveals the specific contextual conditions that may influence a country’s internationalization practices.
One nation under radio: digital and public memory after September 11

National Public Radio’s Sonic Memorial project leveraged the opportunities of digital multimedia convergence to create a national aural memorial of the September 11 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. Not only did the ubiquity of digital technology empower listeners to act as producers in submitting texts to the Memorial, but it also allowed the Sonic Memorial to bridge radio and new media environments through the creation of a lasting memorial website at www.sonicmemorial. com. While unique in its focus on participatory vernacular aural remembrance, the Sonic Memorial nevertheless shares many attributes of traditional national memorials in its focus on making sense of national tragedy. Despite its uniqueness, the Sonic Memorial privileges certain stories, leaving others unvoiced in its montage of remembrance.
Weekly Physical Activity Levels of Older Adults Regularly Using a Fitness Facility

The aim of this paper was to determine if weekly physical activity levels were greater in an independent-living older adult population that was regularly participating in structured fitness activities. Also, lifetime exercise history and sex differences were investigated in an effort to understand how they relate to current weekly step activity. Total weekly step counts, measured with a pedometer, were assessed in two older adult groups; the first consisted of members of a local senior center who regularly used the fitness facility (74.5 ± 6.0 yrs; mean ± SD) while the second group consisted of members who did not use the fitness facility (74.8 ± 6.0 yrs). Participants also completed the Lifetime Physical Activity Questionnaire (LPAQ). No significant difference was found in the total number of weekly steps between groups (p = 0.88) or sexes (p = 0.27). The LPAQ suggested a significant decline in activity with aging (p = 0.01) but no difference between groups (p = 0.54) or sexes (p = 0.80). A relationship was observed between current step activity and MET expenditure over the past year (p = 0.008, r 2 = 0.153) and from ages 35 to 50 years (p = 0.037, r 2 = 0.097). The lack of difference in weekly physical activity level between our groups suggests that independent-living older adults will seek out and perform their desired activity, in either a scheduled exercise program or other leisure-time activities. Also, the best predictor of current physical activity level in independent-living older adults was the activity performed over the past year.
Two-Phase Analysis in Consensus Genetic Mapping

Numerous mapping projects conducted on different species have generated an abundance of mapping data. Consequently, many multilocus maps have been constructed using diverse mapping populations and marker sets for the same organism. The quality of maps varies broadly among populations, marker sets, and software used, necessitating efforts to integrate the mapping information and generate consensus maps. The problem of consensus genetic mapping (MCGM) is by far more challenging compared with genetic mapping based on a single dataset, which by itself is also cumbersome. The additional complications introduced by consensus analysis include inter-population differences in recombination rate and exchange distribution along chromosomes; variations in dominance of the employed markers; and use of different subsets of markers in different labs. Hence, it is necessary to handle arbitrary patterns of shared sets of markers and different level of mapping data quality. In this article, we introduce a two-phase approach for solving MCGM. In phase 1, for each dataset, multilocus ordering is performed combined with iterative jackknife resampling to evaluate the stability of marker orders. In this phase, the ordering problem is reduced to the well-known traveling salesperson problem (TSP). Namely, for each dataset, we look for order that gives minimum sum of recombination distances between adjacent markers. In phase 2, the optimal consensus order of shared markers is selected from the set of allowed orders and gives the minimal sum of total lengths of nonconflicting maps of the chromosome. This criterion may be used in different modifications to take into account the variation in quality of the original data (population size, marker quality, etc.). In the foregoing formulation, consensus mapping is considered as a specific version of TSP that can be referred to as “synchronized TSP. ” The conflicts detected after phase 1 are resolved using either a heuristic algorithm over the entire chromosome or an exact/heuristic algorithm applied subsequently to the revealed small non-overlapping regions with conflicts separated by non-conflicting regions. The proposed approach was tested on a wide range of simulated data and real datasets from maize.
Rough Sets, Kernel Set, and Spatiotemporal Outlier Detection

Nowadays, the high availability of data gathered from wireless sensor networks and telecommunication systems has drawn the attention of researchers on the problem of extracting knowledge from spatiotemporal data. Detecting outliers which are grossly different from or inconsistent with the remaining spatiotemporal data set is a major challenge in real-world knowledge discovery and data mining applications. In this paper, we deal with the outlier detection problem in spatiotemporal data and describe a rough set approach that finds the top outliers in an unlabeled spatiotemporal data set. The proposed method, called Rough Outlier Set Extraction (ROSE), relies on a rough set theoretic representation of the outlier set using the rough set approximations, i.e., lower and upper approximations. We have also introduced a new set, named Kernel Set, that is a subset of the original data set, which is able to describe the original data set both in terms of data structure and of obtained results. Experimental results on real-world data sets demonstrate the superiority of ROSE, both in terms of some quantitative indices and outliers detected, over those obtained by various rough fuzzy clustering algorithms and by the state-of-the-art outlier detection methods. It is also demonstrated that the kernel set is able to detect the same outliers set but with less computational time.