Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DC-link voltage stability analysis for single-stage photovoltaic VSIs connected to weak grid

Solar energy can be effectively utilized as the grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) generation system. But in weak grid, the non-ignorable network equivalent impedance is a great challenge for the stability of grid-connected voltage source inverters (VSIs). This paper focuses on the single-stage three-phase grid-connected PV inverter, presents a small signal model of PV inverter, and gives a physical insight by making an analogy between synchronous machine rotor movement and DC-link voltage dynamics of PV VSI to analyze the stability of DC-link voltage in VSI when connect to weak grid. The impact of P-V characteristic of PV array on single-stage PV inverter is discussed. Simulation results of PV power system, which includes grid-connected PV VSI and PV array, are given to verify the analysis.
Cenozoic Climatic Record for Monsoonal Rainfall over the Indian Region

Atmospheric carbon dioxide level is one of the major drivers responsible for the global temperature change (Lacis et al., 2010). The role of carbon dioxide as an important greenhouse gas, and its contribution towards regulation of global surface temperature has been recognized for over a century (Arrhenius, 1896; Chamberlin, 1899; Royer, 2006). The ice core records along with other proxy based records provides an evidence signifying a strong coupling between CO2 and global temperature for at least the last ~65 m.y. (million years) (Petit et al., 1999; Siegenthaler et al., 2005, Zachos et al., 2001). The intensification of convective hydrological cycle inducing heavy rainfall during high pCO2 condition is both simulated and estimated from General Circulation Models (GCM) and geochemical analyses of fossil record respectively (Kutzbach & Gallimore, 1989). The evidences of intensification of monsoon, which refer to the rainfall due to seasonal reversal of the wind direction along the shore of the Indian Ocean especially in the Arabian Sea and surrounding regions, are preserved in the sedimentary records from continental and oceanic region (Fig.1). The other factor which affected the regional hydrological cycle apart from the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is tectonic rise of Himalayan mountain. Proxy record based on parameters like stomata index, alkenones and boron isotopes clearly suggested high concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere (~400 ppm) during Miocene time. The estimated concentration of CO2 observed in the atmosphere was rather similar to the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere measured in the recent years at Mauna Loa (Thoning et al., 1989). The effect of such high CO2 concentration is seen to have significantly modulated and altered the pattern of rainfall distribution, intensity and its spatial variability. Record from sedimentary archives from the continental and marine sites over the Indian region yielded evidence of warmer, wetter and higher temperature seasonal climate for the Miocene period. A similarity of signature both from continental region and the marine archives support the argument for the change in hydrological condition during last 20 m.y. The marine records are only a few but the largely scattered along the continental margin and central Indian Ocean. A more recent study of such sedimentary sequences lying on the western and eastern India provided glimpses of spatial variability of regional climate. The chapter will narrate the long term variation in Miocene monsoonal rainfall and its spatial pattern using large set of available observations from the palaeo record. This narration will include  Large synthesis of proxy based parameter from of geological, palentological, biogeochemical and isotopic proxies.
Surface Colonization by Marine Roseobacters: Integrating Genotype and Phenotype

ABSTRACT The Roseobacter clade is a broadly distributed, abundant, and biogeochemically relevant group of marine bacteria. Representatives are often associated with organic surfaces in disparate marine environments, suggesting that a sessile lifestyle is central to the ecology of lineage members. The importance of surface association and colonization has been demonstrated recently for select strains, and it has been hypothesized that production of antimicrobial agents, cell density-dependent regulatory mechanisms, and morphological features contribute to the colonization success of roseobacters. Drawing on these studies, insight into a broad representation of strains is facilitated by the availability of a substantial collection of genome sequences that provides a holistic view of these features among clade members. These genome data often corroborate phenotypic data but also reveal significant variation in terms of gene content and synteny among group members, even among closely related strains (congeners and conspecifics). Thus, while detailed studies of representative strains are serving as models for how roseobacters transition between planktonic and sessile lifestyles, it is becoming clear that additional studies are needed if we are to have a more comprehensive view of how these transitions occur in different lineage members. This is important if we are to understand how associations with surfaces influence metabolic activities contributing to the cycling of carbon and nutrients in the world's oceans.
Retinoic Acid Receptor (cid:1) Is Required for Synchronization of Spermatogenic Cycles and Its Absence Results in Progressive Breakdown of the Spermatogenic Process

Targeted mutagenesis of the retinoic acid receptor (cid:1) ( RAR (cid:1) ) gene has revealed its essential role in spermatogenesis. Although cells in all stages of spermatogenesis were detected in RAR (cid:1) -/- testes, there was an increase in degenerating pachytene spermatocytes and a temporary developmental arrest in step 8–9 spermatids in the ﬁrst wave of spermatogenesis, a delay in the onset of the second wave, and a temporary arrest in preleptotene to leptotene spermatocytes in the ﬁrst, second, and third waves. A striking aspect of the mutant phenotype was the failure of spermatids to align at the tubular lumen at stage VIII. Furthermore, there were missing or decreased numbers of the predicted cell types in tubules, and they exhibited a profound asynchrony of mixed spermatogenic cell types. In vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling revealed a signiﬁcant decrease in germ cell proliferation in both juvenile and adult RAR (cid:1) -/- testes and conﬁrmed the arrest at step 8–9 spermatids. Retinoid signaling through RAR (cid:1) , thus, appears to be critical for establishment of synchronous progression of spermatogenesis and the subsequent establishment of correct cellular associations. Developmental Dynamics 230:754–766, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BP network model optimized using the genetic algorithms and the application on fault diagnose of equipments

The BP nerve network has been widely applied on fault diagnosis. The BP network due to adopt search arithmetic along grads drop, therefore there are some problems such as slow convergence rate and easily getting into local infinitesimal. The genetic algorithms has the excellence of rapid searching rate. Therefore, auto-adapt genetic algorithms is adopted to optimize the BP algorithms in the paper. For example, for fault diagnosis in shafting of main engine, an ideal effect can be got while adopting BP network which had been optimized by genetic algorithms.
Adaptive OFDM Cooperative Systems

Cooperative communication is a promising technique for wireless communication systems where wireless nodes cooperate together in transmitting their information. Such communication transmission technique, which realizes the multiple antenna arrays in a distributed manner over multiple wireless nodes, succeeds in extending the network coverage, increasing throughput, improving both link reliability and spectral efficiency. Available channel state information at the transmitting nodes can be used to design adaptive transmission schemes for improving the overall system performance. Throughout our work, we adaptively change loaded power and/or bit to the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in order to minimize bit error rate or maximize the throughput. In the first part of this dissertation, we consider single-relay OFDM system with amplify-and-forward relaying. We propose three algorithms to minimize the bit error rate under total power constraint and fixed transmission rate. These algorithms are optimal power loading, optimal bit loading and optimal bit and power loading. Through Monte Carlo simulations we study the proposed system performance and discuss the effect of relay location and channel estimation. This study shows that the proposed algorithms result in exploiting the multi-path diversity and achieving extra coding gain. In the second part, we extend the problem to a multi-relay OFDM network but with decode-and-forward relaying. We propose an adaptive power loading algorithm to minimize the bit error rate under total power constraint based on two relay selection strategies. The proposed system leads to achieve both multi-path and cooperative spatial diversity using maximal-ratio combiner for the detection.
Neuropsychological Correlates of Normal Variation in Emotional Response to Visual Stimuli

Although the neural substrates of induced emotion have been the focus of numerous investigations, the factors related to individual variation in emotional experience have rarely been investigated in older adults. Twenty-six older normal subjects (mean age, 54) were shown color slides to elicit emotions of sadness, fear, or happiness and asked to rate the intensity of their emotional responses. Subjects who experienced negative emotion most intensely showed relative impairment on every aspect of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Intense positive emotion was associated with relatively impaired performance on the Rey Complex Figure Test. The volume of frontal brain structures, however, was not associated with emotion responses. Hemisphere-specific executive dysfunction was associated with greater intensity of emotional experience in normal older subjects. The role of these differences in intensity of induced emotion and impairment in executive function in daily social and vocational activity should be investigated.
Activation of a cryptic streptomycin‐resistance gene in the Bacteroides erm transposon, Tn4551

Bacteroides compound transposons encoding erm resistance are highly homologous but previous studies have shown some divergence of Tn4551. Results presented here describe a novel Tn 4551 streptomycin‐resistance gene, aadS, that was phenotypically silent in wild‐type Bacteroides. However, aadS expression could be activated by a trans‐acting chromosomal mutation. The aadS‐encoded peptide displayed significant homology to Gram‐positive streptomycin‐dependent adenyltransferases, and enzymatic analysis confirmed the production of this activity. Examination of the nucleotide sequence showed that 200 bp upstream of aadS, the DNA base composition changed abruptly from 31% G+C to 48% G+C. These two regions were demarcated by a DNA sequence with homology to the recombination hot spots reported for Tn21 and the Bacteroides ermFU gene and to sequences at the ends of the chromosomal Bacteroides conjugal element, XBU4422.
MICROFLUIDIC SELEX WITH ONE-DIMENSIONAL MICROBEAD ARRAY

Aptamer is a protein-binding oligonucleotide which can be in vitro selected by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), and it has the advantages of high affinity, low immunogenicity and easy synthesis as a promising class of antibody surrogates. The microfluidic SELEX performs an improved multiplex platform which can run a number of aptamer selection in parallel and saves the reagents and labor cost. In this work, we conducted a proof-of-concept study about microfluidic SELEX with one-dimensional microbead array for screening the aptamers of thrombin as a model protein to confirm the platform feasibility.
Trust and Governance: Untangling a Tangled Web

Using a simple but general formalization, we state the conditions under which one might expect a negative or positive relationship between preexisting trust and governance complexity, and whether crowding out or complementarity arguments are necessary for such outcomes. Our analysis provides a platform for simple but rigorous analysis of other possible relationships between trust and governance and also suggests that the debate about the relationship between governance and trust could be fruitfully redirected through greater attention to the analytical structure of the arguments.
Regulation of Mouse Skeletal Muscle L-Type Ca2+Channel by Activation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor

We investigated the modulation of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel/dihydropyridine receptor in response to insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) activation in single extensor digitorum longus muscle fibers from adult C57BL/6 mice. The L-type Ca2+ channel activity in its dual role as a voltage sensor and a selective Ca2+-conducting pore was recorded in voltage-clamp conditions. Peak Ca2+current amplitude consistently increased after exposure to 20 ng/ml IGF-1 (EC50 = 5.6 ± 1.8 nm). Peak IGF-1 effect on current amplitude at −20 mV was 210 ± 18% of the control. Ca2+ current potentiation resulted from a shift in 13 mV of the Ca2+ current–voltage relationship toward more negative potentials. The IGF-1-induced facilitation of the Ca2+ current was not associated with an effect on charge movement amplitude and/or voltage distribution. These phenomena suggest that the L-type Ca2+ channel structures involved in voltage sensing are not involved in the response to the growth factor. The modulatory effect of IGF-1 on L-type Ca2+ channel was blocked by tyrosine kinase and PKC inhibitors, but not by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. IGF-1-dependent phosphorylation of the L-type Ca2+ channel α1 subunit was demonstrated by incorporation of [γ-32P]ATP to monolayers of adult fast-twitch skeletal muscles. IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of a protein at the 165 kDa band, corresponding to the L-type Ca2+ channel α1 subunit. These results show that the activation of the IGF-1R facilitates skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel activity via a PKC-dependent phosphorylation mechanism.
Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography with a photon-counting detector.

PURPOSE Spectral imaging is a method in medical x-ray imaging to extract information about the object constituents by the material-specific energy dependence of x-ray attenuation. The authors have investigated a photon-counting spectral imaging system with two energy bins for contrast-enhanced mammography. System optimization and the potential benefit compared to conventional non-energy-resolved absorption imaging was studied. METHODS A framework for system characterization was set up that included quantum and anatomical noise and a theoretical model of the system was benchmarked to phantom measurements. RESULTS Optimal combination of the energy-resolved images corresponded approximately to minimization of the anatomical noise, which is commonly referred to as energy subtraction. In that case, an ideal-observer detectability index could be improved close to 50% compared to absorption imaging in the phantom study. Optimization with respect to the signal-to-quantum-noise ratio, commonly referred to as energy weighting, yielded only a minute improvement. In a simulation of a clinically more realistic case, spectral imaging was predicted to perform approximately 30% better than absorption imaging for an average glandularity breast with an average level of anatomical noise. For dense breast tissue and a high level of anatomical noise, however, a rise in detectability by a factor of 6 was predicted. Another approximately 70%-90% improvement was found to be within reach for an optimized system. CONCLUSIONS Contrast-enhanced spectral mammography is feasible and beneficial with the current system, and there is room for additional improvements. Inclusion of anatomical noise is essential for optimizing spectral imaging systems.
Quality Prediction System for Large-Scale Digitisation Workflows

The feasibility of large-scale OCR projects can so far only be assessed by running pilot studies on subsets of the target document collections and measuring the success of different workflows based on precise ground truth, which can be very costly to produce in the required volume. The premise of this paper is that, as an alternative, quality prediction may be used to approximate the success of a given OCR workflow. A new system is thus presented where a classifier is trained using metadata, image and layout features in combination with measured success rates (based on minimal ground truth). Subsequently, only document images are required as input for the numeric prediction of the quality score (no ground truth required). This way, the system can be applied to any number of similar (unseen) documents in order to assess their suitability for being processed using the particular workflow. The usefulness of the system has been validated using a realistic dataset of historical newspaper pages.
Comparison of Different Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis Primer Sets for the Study of Marine Bacterioplankton Communities

ABSTRACT An annual seasonal cycle of composition of a bacterioplankton community in an oligotrophic coastal system was studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using five different primer sets. Analysis of DGGE fingerprints showed that primer set 357fGC-907rM grouped samples according to seasons. Additionally, we used the set of 16S rRNA genes archived in the RDPII database to check the percentage of perfect matches of each primer for the most abundant bacterial groups inhabiting coastal plankton communities. Overall, primer set 357fGC-907rM was the most suitable for the routine use of PCR-DGGE analyses in this environment.
Endoscopic versus open carpal tunnel release: A short-term comparative study

Objective: To compare the results of endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR) with open CTR in patients with idiopathic Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Materials and Methods: Seventy-one patients with CTS were enrolled in a prospective randomized study from May 2003 to December 2005. All patients had clinical signs or symptoms and electro-diagnostic findings consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome and had not responded to nonoperative management. Sixty-one cases were available for follow-up. Endoscopic CTR was performed in 30 CTS patients and open CTR was performed in 31 wrists (30 patients). Various parameters were evaluated, including each patient's symptom amelioration, complications, operation time, time needed to resume normal lifestyle and the frequency of revision surgery. All the patients were followed up for six months. Results: During the initial months after surgery, the patients treated with the endoscopic method were better symptomatically and functionally. Local wound problems in terms of scarring or scar tenderness were significantly more pronounced in patients undergoing open CTR compared to patients undergoing endoscopic CTR. Average delay to return to normal activity was appreciably less in group undergoing endoscopic CTR. No significant difference was observed between the endoscopic CTR group and open CTR group in regard to symptom amelioration, electromyographic testing and complications at the end of six months. Conclusion: Short-term results were better with the endoscopic method as there was no scar tenderness. Results at six months were comparable in both groups.
A partial cDNA clone of trypomastigote decay-accelerating factor (T-DAF), a developmentally regulated complement inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi, has genetic and functional similarities to the human complement inhibitor DAF

Resistance to complement-mediated lysis in Trypanosoma cruzi is due to the expression of complement-regulatory factors by the virulent developmental forms of this protozoan parasite. An 87- to 93-kDa molecule, which we have termed T-DAF (trypomastigote decay-accelerating factor), is present on the surface of the parasite and inhibits complement activation in a manner functionally similar to the mammalian complement regulatory component, decay-accelerating factor. In this report, we characterized monospecific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies which were obtained from mice and rabbits immunized with fast protein liquid chromatography-purified T-DAF. These polyclonal antibodies were shown to inhibit T-DAF activity and were capable of inducing lysis of the parasites. Both the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used to screen a cDNA expression library prepared from T. cruzi trypomastigote mRNA. From this library, we obtained a partial lambda gt11 cDNA clone which showed genetic and functional similarity to the human C3 convertase inhibitor DAF (A. Nicholson-Weller, J. Burge, D. T. Fearon, P. F. Weller, and K. F. Austen, J. Immunol. 129:184-189, 1982).
Reduced miR-26a and miR-26b expression contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis via the promotion of p65 translocation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic joint disease, the etiology of which is complex. Disturbance to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways is a major cause of OA. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miR) are a group of endogenous, short, non-coding RNAs, the expression profile of which is disturbed in the cartilage of patients with OA. To determine the function of miRNAs during the progression of OA, the present study detected the expression levels of nine candidate miRNAs in cartilage samples from 33 patients with OA. The results demonstrated that miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-138 and miR-140 were downregulated in patients with OA. As predicted by a bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by luciferase assay and western blotting, the present study revealed that miR-26a and miR-26b are able to suppress karyopherin subunit alpha 3 (KPNA3) expression by targeting its 3′-untranslated region. Since KPNA3 is an important mediator that modulates nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 translocation, the present study examined the impact of miR-26a and miR-26b on NF-κB signaling. The results indicated that transfection of cells with a miR-26a or miR-26b inhibitor may promote NF-κB p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus via the upregulation of KPNA3. Furthermore, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3, −9, −13 and cyclooxygenase-2 were upregulated following transfection with a miR-26a or miR-26b inhibitor. These results indicate that downregulation of miR-26a and miR-26b may contribute to the pathogenesis of OA via promotion of the NF-κB signaling pathway. The present study sheds light on the pathogenesis of OA and may provide a target for the development of therapeutic methods for the treatment of OA.