Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Pathways out of Rural Poverty in Mexico

This paper critically analyses the three pathways out of rural poverty proposed by the World Bank in its 2008 World Development report (farming, labour and migration), with the following questions in mind: Has there been a reduction in the incidence of income poverty in rural Mexico during the neoliberal era and, if so, what are the main contributing factors? Is labour migration (national and international) the best pathway out of poverty, taking into consideration the labour conditions faced by rural migrants? To what extent does fair trade and organic production represent a pathway out of poverty for Mexico’s peasantry? Should the Mexican government (and Mexico’s trading partners) pursue policies that would make farming a more viable alternative for Mexico’s rural poor? If so, what would these policies be? With regards to these last two questions, this paper highlights the proposals of independent peasant organizations, in particular the ones associated with the movement ‘sin maiz no hay pais’. It is argued that these proposals point towards an alternative pathway out of rural poverty, one that creates favourable conditions for small-scale farming in Mexico. Resumen: Rutas alternativas para salir de la pobreza rural en Mexico En este articulo se analizan las tres vias para salir de la pobreza rural propuestas por el Banco Mundial en su informe Desarrollo Mundial 2008 (agricultura, trabajo y emigracion), con las siguientes preguntas en mente: ? Ha habido una reduccion en la incidencia de pobreza de ingresos en el Mexico rural durante la era neoliberal y, si fuese el caso, cuales fueron los principales factores que contribuyeron a ello? Es la emigracion laboral la mejor via para salir de la pobreza, tomando en cuenta las condiciones laborales a las que deben adaptarse los emigrantes de zonas rurales? En que medida representan el comercio justo y la produccion organica una via de salida de la pobreza para el campesinado mexicano? Deberia el gobierno mexicano (y los socios comerciales de Mexico) implementar programas para hacer que la agricultura fuera una alternativa mas viable para los pobres del campo mexicano? Si la respuesta fuera afirmativa, ? cuales serian estos programas? Con respecto a estas dos ultimas preguntas, en este articulo se otorga especial relevancia a las propuestas de organizaciones campesinas independientes, en particular a las asociadas con el movimiento ‘sin maiz no hay pais’. El argumento es que estas propuestas apuntan hacia una ruta alternativa para salir de la pobreza –una salida que crea condiciones favorables para la agricultura de pequena escala en Mexico.
X-ray phase contrast CT imaging of lung cancer tissue

The tissue sample of lung cancer is imaged by phase contrast CT method based on synchrotron radiation in vitro, and the imaging results are reconstructed in three-dimensional limit. The experiments were performed at X-ray imaging and biomedical application beam-line (BL13W1) of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). The results show that lung cancer tissue has best imaging quality in the phase contrast imaging experiments. By the approach of filter back projection (FBP), the tomography images are obtained successfully. The large alveoli of lung cancer tissue are reconstructed by the surface rendering method. The reconstructed images can not only display the internal structures of lung cancer tissues, but also show lung cancer cells eroded. Therefore, the phase contrast CT imaging based on synchrotron radiation is expected to become a means of observing the details of tumor tissue.
Religion as an environmental influence on enterprise culture – The case of Britain in the 1980s

This paper explores the role of religion in the formation and development of the enterprise culture. The approach is that of legitimisation leading to an increase in environmental munificence. It is argued that entrepreneurial activity was encouraged by the use of an entrepreneurial theology specifically articulated by Margaret Thatcher. Parallels are drawn to Max Weber’s work on the Protestant work ethic, particularly in the way that he argued that changes in the socio‐cultural framework of theology allowed, permitted and encouraged entrepreneurial action in what he called the new rational capitalism. Different aspects of the theological underpinnings of enterprise are discussed. The key findings are that religion played a significant role. It provided a Thatcherite rhetoric which became a moral crusade which was passionately pursued. Entrepreneurship was thus elevated to a new moral high ground; this was in spite of the strongly contested views of the Church. Interestingly, it appears that religious support for entrepreneurship, albeit in a modified form, continues with New Labour.
Collaborative relay beamforming based on the worst-case SINR for multiuser in cellular systems

Recently collaborative relay systems have been studied to increase the spectral efficiency and extend the range of wireless communications. In this paper, we consider the collaborative relay beamforming (CRBF) for multiuser systems. In the proposed method, we select base station (BS) antennas for each user and optimize their CRBF weights under two different types of power constraints, which are the total relay power constraint and individual relay power constraints, by exploiting the notion of the maximization of the worst-case received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR). The optimization problem of the CRBF weights can be efficiently solved using a semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique.We derive an iterative CRBF scheme to jointly select the BS antennas and optimize the CRBF weights to maximize the worst SINR among all users. Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and demonstrate the tradeoffs between the number of BS antennas and the number of relays in the CRBF system.
Part-Time Work of High School Students and Impact on Educational Outcomes

Abstract While increasing numbers of young high school students engage in part-time work, there is no consensus about its impact on educational outcomes. Indeed, this field has had a dearth of research. This paper presents a review of recent research, primarily from Australia and the United States, although it is acknowledged that there are considerable contextual differences. Suggestions for school counsellors to harness students' experiences to assist in educational and career decision-making are presented.
Early development of verb structures and caregiver input in Korean: Two case studies

This study examines the development of verb structures in the multiword combinations of two Korean learners, starting from 15 months of age when both children produced their first word combination. After a brief period of "verb island usage," from 20 months the two children showed remarkable systematicity and coherence in their use of transitive and intransitive verbs: Transitive verbs typically occurred with objects whereas intransitive verbs occurred with subjects. These distinct "preferred" structures between the two verb categories corresponded to distinct semantic and discourse pragmatic structures. Transitive sentences encoded the child or the mother as the agent acting upon inanimate entities, whereas intransitive sentences encoded a third party as the agent or experience of an event or state. Analysis of the mothers' speech to the children suggests that not only do they provide children with a clear model for the preferred structures but they also guide children's development by eliciting those structures from them through questions. The study suggests that the early development of verb structures in Korean is due in part to these features of the input as well as to children's early sensitivity to syntactic and semantic/pragmatic patterns in the target grammar.
Energy efficiency in selective decode and forward cooperative communication

Cooperative communication systems that exploit spatial diversity to improve the performance of end-to-end communication in ad hoc wireless networks have gained a lot of attention in recent years. In this article, we examine the energy efficiency of a simple selective decode and forward (SDF) protocol. Different from previous studies on energy efficiency our analysis accounts for the imperfect regeneration at the relay. We show that the cooperative system using the SDF protocol can achieve higher energy efficiency than a single-input-single-output (SISO) transmission when the transmit-power consumed by the power amplifiers become higher than the total power consumed by the analog circuitry at the nodes.
Testing membership in parenthesis languages

We continue the investigation of properties defined by formal languages. This study was initiated by Alon et al. [1], who described an algorithm for testing properties defined by regular languages. Alon et al. also considered several context free languages, and in particular Dyck languages, which contain strings of properly balanced parentheses. They showed that the first Dyck language, which contains strings over a single type of pairs of parentheses, is testable in time independent of n, where n is the length of the input string. However, the second Dyck language, defined over two types of parentheses, requires Ω (log n) queries. Here we describe a sublinear‐time algorithm for testing all Dyck languages. Specifically, the running time of our algorithm is Õ(n2/3/ϵ3), where ϵ is the given distance parameter. Furthermore, we improve the lower bound for testing Dyck languages to \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\tilde{\Omega}$\end{document}(n1/11) for constant ϵ. We also describe a testing algorithm for the context free language LREV = {uurvvr : u, v ∈ Σ*}, where Σ is a fixed alphabet. The running time of our algorithm is \documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath}\pagestyle{empty} \begin{document}$\tilde{O}(\sqrt{n/\epsilon}$ \end{document}, which almost matches the lower bound given by Alon et al. [1]. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 22: 98–138, 2003
Renaturalizing the Body (with the Help of Merleau-Ponty)

Some poststructuralist feminist theorists hold that the body is merely the product of cultural determinants and that gender is a free-floating artifice. I discuss how this “denaturalization” of gender and the body entrenches us yet deeper in the nature/culture dichotomy. The body, I maintain, needs to be “renaturalized” so that its earthy significance is recognized. Through a feminist reappropriation of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body, I develop a noncausal linkage between gender and the body. I present the body as an indeterminate constancy that is culturally and historically contextualized, on the one hand, yet part of our embodied givenness on the other. Interspersed throughout the paper are passages that describe my own bodily condition as I wrote the paper.
Mutation Rate Distribution Inferred from Coincident SNPs and Coincident Substitutions

Mutation rate variation has the potential to bias evolutionary inference, particularly when rates become much higher than the mean. We first confirm prior work that inferred the existence of cryptic, site-specific rate variation on the basis of coincident polymorphisms—sites that are segregating in both humans and chimpanzees. Then we extend this observation to a longer evolutionary timescale by identifying sites of coincident substitutions using four species. From these data, we develop analytic theory to infer the variance and skewness of the distribution of mutation rates. Even excluding CpG dinucleotides, we find a relatively large coefficient of variation and positive skew, which suggests that, although most sites in the genome have mutation rates near the mean, the distribution contains a long right-hand tail with a small number of sites having high mutation rates. At least for primates, these quickly mutating sites are few enough that the infinite sites model in population genetics remains appropriate.
AFECS. multi-agent framework for experiment control systems

AFECS is a pure Java based software framework for designing and implementing distributed control systems. AFECS creates a control system environment as a collection of software agents behaving as finite state machines. These agents can represent real entities, such as hardware devices, software tasks, or control subsystems. A special control oriented ontology language (COOL), based on RDFS (Resource Definition Framework Schema) is provided for control system description as well as for agent communication. AFECS agents can be distributed over a variety of platforms. Agents communicate with their associated physical components using range of communication protocols, including tcl-DP, cMsg (publish-subscribe communication system developed at Jefferson Lab), SNMP (simple network management protocol), EPICS channel access protocol and JDBC.
Pathologizing "Fatness": Medical Authority and Popular Culture

Medical narratives surrounding the Western “obesity epidemic” have generated greater fears of “fatness” that have permeated Western collective consciousness, and these anxieties have manifested themselves as a moral panic. The medicalization of fatness via the establishment of the disease of “obesity” has necessarily entailed a combining of medical narratives/imperatives and historico-cultural discursive formations of fatness as a moral failing and as an aesthetic affront. The threat that this epidemic poses is framed by medical discourse not simply as endangering health, but fraying the very (moral) fabric of society. In this article, I argue that all the discourses that circulate around fatness and (re)produce it as a pathology have been subsumed under, and absorbed by, dominant medical narratives. I suggest that a medico-moral discourse has inf(l)ected popular understandings of fatness as an affront to health that gives way to deeper, more fundamental social concerns and anxieties about normalization a.
Géographies religieuses et migrations postcoloniales: déclinaisons kimbanguistes, pentecôtistes, et olangistes en Belgique

Resume L’Eglise kimbanguiste (EJCSK), les Eglises de reveil, le Ministere du Combat Spirituel du couple Olangi, sont trois mouvements religieux d’origine congolaise affirmant un christianisme africain affranchi des assignations coloniales et neocoloniales. Bien que ces mouvements soient irreductibles les uns aux autres sur le plan historique, ils sont tous travailles par la thematique du combat spirituel. Sur la base de recherches menees au sein de ces mondes religieux plurilocalises, les auteurs examinent la redistribution temporelle et spatiale des territoires sorciers. Apres avoir rappele les metamorphoses de la sorcellerie dans la societe congolaise depuis les annees 1990, les pratiques et les discours relatifs a la sorcellerie sont examines pour chacun des mouvements. Les recompositions religieuses qu’engage la migration en Europe sont ensuite mises en perspective en posant la question de savoir dans quelle mesure ces pratiques et discours en situation migratoire activent le referent postcolonial. Si le projet migratoire est avant tout un projet de realisation de soi et d’affranchissement pour les adeptes du combat spirituel, il est en meme temps associe a une entreprise de redemption d’une Europe jugee en perdition, et meme, selon les kimbanguistes, en proie a la sorcellerie. Ce fond commun supporte toutefois aussi des divergences. Tandis que la migration est associee a une reformulation des discours sur la famille pour les olangistes et a une forte transformation des discours et des pratiques de delivrance au sein des Eglises de reveil, le deplacement en Europe correspond au contraire pour la diaspora kimbanguiste, a une confrontation accrue avec un territoire considere comme eminemment sorcier.
Effects of Musical Expertise and Boundary Markers on Phrase Perception in Music

A neural correlate for phrase boundary perception in music has recently been identified in musicians. It is called music closure positive shift (“music CPS”) and has an equivalent in the perception of speech (“language CPS”). The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of musical expertise and different phrase boundary markers on the music CPS, using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). Musicians and nonmusicians were tested while listening to binary phrased melodies. ERPs and ERFs of both subject groups differed considerably from each other. Phrased melody versions evoked an electric CPS and a magnetic CPSm in musicians, but an early negativity and a less pronounced CPSm in nonmusicians, suggesting different perceptual strategies for both subject groups. Musicians seem to process musical phrases in a structured manner similar to language. Nonmusicians, in contrast, are thought to detect primarily discontinuity in the melodic input. Variations of acoustic cues in the vicinity of the phrase boundary reveal that the CPS is influenced by a number of parameters that are considered to indicate phrasing in melodies: pause length, length of the last tone preceding the pause, and harmonic function of this last tone. This is taken as evidence that the CPS mainly reflects higher cognitive processing of phrasing, rather than mere perception of pauses. Furthermore, results suggest that the ERP and MEG methods are sensitive to different aspects within phrase perception. For both subject groups, qualitatively different ERP components (CPS and early negativity) seem to reflect a top-down activation of general but different phrasing schemata, whereas quantitatively differing MEG signals appear to reflect gradual differences in the bottom-up processing of acoustic boundary markers.
Herd characteristics and management practices associated with seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis infection in dairy herds.

OBJECTIVE To investigate herd characteristics and management practices associated with a high seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy herds in central California. SAMPLE POPULATION 60 randomly selected cows from each of 21 dairy herds. PROCEDURES Sera of selected cows were tested for antibodies against MAP by use of an ELISA test kit. Cows with a test sample-to-positive control sample (S:P) ratio of > or = 0.25 were considered seropositive, and herds with > or = 4% seropositive cows were considered high-seroprevalence herds. Data on herd characteristics and management practices were collected via interviews with owners. Bayesian logistic regression was used to model the predictive probability of a herd having a high seroprevalence on the basis of various herd characteristics and management practices. RESULTS 9 of 21 (43%) herds were classified as high-seroprevalence herds. Five variables (history of previous signs of paratuberculosis in the herd, herd size, exposing cattle to water from manure storage lagoons, feeding unsalable milk to calves, and exposing heifers < or = 6 months old to manure of adult cows) were included in the predictive model on the basis of statistical and biological considerations. In large herds, the predictive probability of a high seroprevalence of MAP infection decreased from 0.74 to 0.39 when management changed from poor to good practices. In small herds, a similar decrease from 0.64 to 0.29 was predicted. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The seroprevalence of MAP infection in California dairies may be reduced by improvements in herd management practices.
The local Langlands conjecture for GSp(4), II: The case of inner forms

In an earlier paper of the first author and Shuichiro Takeda, the local Langlands correspondence for ${\rm GSp}_4(F)$ over a non-archimedean local field $F$ of characteristic zero was established and several expected properties of the correspondence verified. In this paper, we extend the local Langlands correspondence to the inner form ${\rm GU}_2(D)$ of ${\rm GSp}_4$.
Conformational analysis of GT1B ganglioside and its interaction with botulinum neurotoxin type B: a study by molecular modeling and molecular dynamics

The conformational property of oligosaccharide GT1B in aqueous environment was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using all-atom model. Based on the trajectory analysis, three prominent conformational models were proposed for GT1B. Direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonding interactions stabilize these structures. The molecular modeling and 15 ns MD simulation of the Botulinum Neuro Toxin/B (BoNT/B) – GT1B complex revealed that BoNT/B can accommodate the GT1B in the single binding mode. Least mobility was seen for oligo-GT1B in the binding pocket. The bound conformation of GT1B obtained from the MD simulation of the BoNT/B-GT1B complex bear a close conformational similarity with the crystal structure of BoNT/A-GT1B complex. The mobility noticed for Arg 1268 in the dynamics was accounted for its favorable interaction with terminal NeuNAc. The internal NeuNAc1 tends to form 10 hydrogen bonds with BoNT/B, hence specifying this particular site as a crucial space for the therapeutic design that can restrict the pathogenic activity of BoNT/B.
Elastin‐Like Polypeptides as a Purification Tag for Recombinant Proteins

This unit presents a recombinant protein purification method that employs an elastin‐like polypeptide (ELP) as a purification tag. ELPs undergo a sharp and reversible phase transition when heated above their lower critical solution temperature. ELPs retain this behavior when they are fused to a protein, and thereby provide a simple method to isolate a recombinant ELP fusion protein from cell contaminants by cycling the solution through the insoluble and soluble phase of the ELP fusion protein using a procedure that is termed Inverse Transition Cycling. This method does not require the use of chromatography, so it is cost‐effective, easy to scale up, and easy to multiplex. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 61:6.11. 1‐6.11. 16. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ideology at work: Ambiguity and irony of value-based management in Bang & Olufsen

Over the past few decades, the ambition of establishing a ‘corporate culture’ has largely vanished from corporate agendas. Instead, resources and energy are spent on creating ‘value-based’ organizations. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in the Human Resources Department of Bang & Olufsen, a Danish producer of ‘high-end’ home electronics, I offer an explanation of this shift in managerial ideology from ‘culture’ to ‘value’ — I argue that much of the attraction of value-based management resides in the double-edged semantics of the word ‘value’ and its promise to accommodate economic bottom-line value and deep-seated moral and aesthetic values. My material suggests, however, that this ambiguity confuses more than it clarifies and leads to ironic and counter-intentional consequences. The identification of the values, which was meant to congregate the employees, came to symbolize and engender a split between staff and other parts of the company.
Potential vorticities in semi‐geostrophic theory

A family of kinematically possible motions in shallow-water versions of semi-geostrophic theory is devised, with variable Coriolis parameter, for which two distinct measures of potential vorticity take the same value. Conditions are described for which this value is conserved following the actual motion of a particle. The results are related to the existing literature, in particular for a constant Coriolis parameter.