Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimal perfect hash functions made simple

A method is presented for computing machine independent, minimal perfect hash functions of the form: hash value ← key length + the associated value of the key's first character + the associated value of the key's last character. Such functions allow single probe retrieval from minimally sized tables of identifier lists. Application areas include table lookup for reserved words in compilers and filtering high frequency words in natural language processing. Functions for Pascal's reserved words, Pascal's predefined identifiers, frequently occurring English words, and month abbreviations are presented as examples.
Synthesis and Biological Studies of N‐Alkylated Cyclic Diamines

Several alkyl‐substituted mesocyclic diamines were synthesized, and their interaction with DNA were studied by melting‐temperature measurements and the ethidium bromide (EB)‐fluorescence competitive method. The supercoiled DNA hydrolytic cleavage by 1,4‐dioctyl‐1,4‐diazepan‐6‐ol (4) was supported by the evidence from free‐radical quenching and T4‐ligase ligation. Preliminary pharmacological tests showed that only 1,4‐dioctyl‐1,4‐diazepan‐6‐ol (4) had antitumor activity against HeLa cell lines in vitro.
Novel insight into glucagon receptor action: lessons from knockout and transgenic mouse models

Using knockout and transgenic technology, genetically modified animal models allowed us to understand the role of glucagon signalling in metabolism. Mice with a global deletion of the glucagon receptor gene (Gcgr) were designed using gene targeting. The phenotype of Gcgr−/−mouse provided important clues about the role of Gcgr in foetal growth, pancreatic development and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The lack of Gcgr activation was associated with: (i) hypoglycaemic pregnancies, poor foetal growth and increased foetal–neonatal demise; (ii) altered cytoarchitecture of pancreatic islets; (iii) altered glucose, lipid and hormonal milieu; (iv) reduced gastric emptying; (v) altered body composition and protection from diet‐induced obesity; (vi) altered energy state; (vii) impaired hepatocyte survival; (viii) altered metabolic response to prolonged fasting and exercise and (ix) prevented development of diabetes in insulin‐deficient mice. In contrast, mice overexpressing the Gcgr on pancreatic β‐cells displayed an increase insulin secretion, pancreatic insulin content and β‐cell mass, and partially protected against hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance when fed a high‐fat diet. These findings suggest that glucagon signalling plays a significant role in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Treatment options designed to block Gcgr activation may have negative implications in the treatment of diabetes.
How Siblings of Pediatric Cancer Patients Experience the First Time After Diagnosis: A Qualitative Study

Background: Siblings of pediatric cancer patients have a higher risk of developing emotional, behavioral, and social problems. However, little is known about specific experiences of this population in the first time after diagnosis. Objective: The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experiences of siblings of pediatric cancer patients in different areas of life in the first half-year after the cancer diagnosis. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 siblings of pediatric cancer patients (ages 11–18 years). Siblings were asked about their experiences in the hospital, in school, in their family, with peers, and with the ill child. Content analysis was used to derive important themes from the interviews. Results: Twenty-three categories of siblings’ experiences were identified from the data. Conclusions: In all areas of life, siblings reported difficulties, such as absence of parents, dealing with the ill child’s or other patients’ suffering and appearance, or impaired school achievement. But the siblings also mentioned important resources such as peer relationship, helpful coping strategies, and increased family cohesion. Implications for Practice: The results of the present study lead to a list of important topics in different areas of life that might be helpful for healthcare professionals to have in mind when meeting with siblings of cancer patients. Integration of these findings should serve to improve sibling support and develop standardized sibling interventions.
Association Between Placebo-Activated Neural Systems and Antidepressant Responses: Neurochemistry of Placebo Effects in Major Depression.

IMPORTANCE High placebo responses have been observed across a wide range of pathologies, severely impacting drug development. OBJECTIVE To examine neurochemical mechanisms underlying the formation of placebo effects in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this study involving 2 placebo lead-in phases followed by an open antidepressant administration, we performed a single-blinded 2-week crossover randomized clinical trial of 2 identical oral placebos (described as having either active or inactive fast-acting antidepressant-like effects) followed by a 10-week open-label treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or, in some cases, another agent as clinically indicated. The volunteers (35 medication-free patients with MDD at a university health system) were studied with positron emission tomography and the µ-opioid receptor-selective radiotracer [11C]carfentanil after each 1-week inactive and active oral placebo treatment. In addition, 1 mL of isotonic saline was administered intravenously within sight of the volunteer during positron emission tomographic scanning every 4 minutes over 20 minutes only after the 1-week active placebo treatment, with instructions that the compound may be associated with the activation of brain systems involved in mood improvement. This challenge stimulus was used to test the individual capacity to acutely activate endogenous opioid neurotransmision under expectations of antidepressant effect. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in depressive symptoms in response to active placebo and antidepressant. Baseline and activation measures of µ-opioid receptor binding. RESULTS Higher baseline µ-opioid receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens was associated with better response to antidepressant treatment (r = 0.48; P = .02). Reductions in depressive symptoms after 1 week of active placebo treatment, compared with the inactive, were associated with increased placebo-induced µ-opioid neurotransmission in a network of regions implicated in emotion, stress regulation, and the pathophysiology of MDD, namely, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, nucleus accumbens, midline thalamus, and amygdala (nucleus accumbens: r = 0.6; P < .001). Placebo-induced endogenous opioid release in these regions was associated with better antidepressant treatment response, predicting 43% of the variance in symptom improvement at the end of the antidepressant trial. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These data demonstrate that placebo-induced activation of the µ-opioid system is implicated in the formation of placebo antidepressant effects in patients with MDD and also participate in antidepressant responses, conferring illness resiliency, during open administration. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02178696.
The K+ battery-regulating Arabidopsis K+ channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps

Potassium (K+) is an important nutrient for plants. It serves as a cofactor of various enzymes and as the major inorganic solute maintaining plant cell turgor. In a recent study, an as yet unknown role of K+ in plant homeostasis was shown. It was demonstrated that K+ gradients in vascular tissues can serve as an energy source for phloem (re)loading processes and that the voltage-gated K+ channels of the AKT2-type play a unique role in this process. The AKT2 channel can be converted by phosphorylation of specific serine residues (S210 and S329) into a non-rectifying channel that allows a rapid efflux of K+ from the sieve element/companion cells (SE/CC) complex. The energy of this flux is used by other transporters for phloem (re)loading processes. Nonetheless, the results do indicate that post-translational modifications at S210 and S329 alone cannot explain AKT2 regulation. Here, we discuss the existence of multiple post-translational modification steps that work in concert to convert AKT2 from an inward-rectifying into a non-rectifying K+ channel.
RIP Version 2 Carrying Additional Information

This document specifies an extension of the Routing Information Protocol (RIP), as defined in [1,2], to expand the amount of useful information carried in RIP messages and to add a measure of security. This memo obsoletes RFC 1388, which specifies an update to the "Routing Information Protocol" STD 34, RFC 1058.
A New Technique to Double the Rejectband of a Low-pass Filter by Employing Coupled C-Open-Loop Resonators as Defected Ground Structure (DGS)

In this paper, we proposed two new compact DGS low-pass filters with broad stop-band and low insertion loss in the pass-band. The structures of these new microstrip low-pass filters are simple as they are composed of a pair of DGS- slots and an open-stub. One filter will be realized through the multi-layer method, and the second filter will be realized by cascading. With these configurations, two LPF with compact size, wide reject band and sharp transition from pass to stop-band were realized. The design formulas are derived by using an equivalent-circuit model of coupled DGS resonators. A demonstration filters are designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical results and demonstrate that the required characteristics of LPF could be simply obtained through the proposed methods.
Characterizing Criminal Careers

Most knowledge about crime and criminals derives from cross-sectional analyses that link crime rates in a community with a community's attributes. The criminal-career approach focuses on individual offenders and considers their crime-committing patterns as a longitudinal stochastic process. This approach, which invokes parameters characterizing participation rate, initiation rate, termination rate and the associated career length, and individual offending frequency, offers some important new insights. For example, annual offending frequency appears to be reasonably constant with age for those offenders who stay criminally active, termination rates are relatively low for active offenders in their 30s, and offending frequencies seem to be relatively insensitive to demographic attributes for active offenders. All these observations are opposite to those that would be derived from cross-sectional analysis.
Predicting the Outcome

Sir, We read with interest the paper on pets by Kirkwood (February JRSM, p 97). Although dogs are one of the most familiar pets not only in Britain but also in Japan, keeping pet birds is also popular among Japanese people. Because the Japanese live in small houses, so-called 'rabbit hutches', caged pet birds may be hazardous not only to a bird fancier but also to members of the family. We have previously reported a fatal case of psittacosis", and recently have seen a case of pigeon breeder's lung with increased complement fixation titre for Chlamydia psittaci. A 60-year-old woman admitted to our hospital complaining of dry cough and dyspnoea had kept 10-15 pigeons for 15 years before the onset of illness. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed a characteristic granulomatous interstitial pneumonitis. The precipitating antibody was observed against pigeon droppings. Pigeon breeder's lung was diagnosed, and her symptoms improved in hospital with steroid therapy. The complement fixation titre of her serum for Chlamydia psittaci increased to 1/64. As she had no past history nor symptoms of psittacosis, it seemed that she had inadvertently been infected. We feel that doctors should supply pet owners with accurate and useful information about diseases that can be caused by birds (e.g. extrinsic allergic alveolitis, bronchial asthma, and psittacosis). HIROSHI KAWANE Department of Medicine RINZO SOEJIMA Kawasaki Medical School. Kurashiki City. Japan
Adaptive Formation Control of Electrically Driven Nonholonomic Mobile Robots With Limited Information

We present a leader-follower-based adaptive formation control method for electrically driven nonholonomic mobile robots with limited information. First, an adaptive observer is developed under the condition that the velocity measurement is not available. With the proposed adaptive observer, the formation control part is designed to achieve the desired formation and guarantee the collision avoidance. In addition, neural network is employed to compensate the actuator saturation, and the projection algorithm is used to estimate the velocity information of the leader. It is shown, by using the Lyapunov theory, that all errors of the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed control system.
The contribution of three strong candidate schizophrenia susceptibility genes in demographically distinct populations

Here we characterize and compare the contribution of three recently identified strong candidate schizophrenia susceptibility genes; G72, neuregulin 1 (NRG1) and dystrobrevin‐binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) in two independent datasets of patients with distinct genetic backgrounds. On the basis of corrected P‐values from single‐ and multilocus transmission distortion tests our analysis provides no support for a contribution of G72, NRG1 or DTNBP1 in the tested samples. When transmission of individual haplotypes was considered, a picture more consistent with the original studies emerged, where transmission distortions in the same direction as the original samples and involving the same core haplotypes were observed for G72 and NRG1. Interestingly, whereas the NRG1 gene analysis was dominated by the presence of over‐transmitted haplotypes, the G72 gene analysis was consistently dominated in both datasets by under‐transmissions. Negative transmissions involved a core haplotype complementary to the originally detected over‐transmitted haplotype, suggesting the presence of a protective variant within the G72 locus.
Trends in excess weight and thinness among Spanish schoolchildren in the period 1992–2004: the Cuenca study

Abstract Background In developed countries, there is abundant information on the epidemic of childhood obesity, but only a few studies on trends in the dual burden of body weight (overweight and thinness). Objective To examine trends in overweight and thinness among 9–10-year-old Spanish children in the last decade. Methods Data were taken from cross-sectional studies on schoolchildren in Cuenca (Spain), conducted in 1992, 1996, 1998 and 2004 with similar methods. Weight and height were measured by trained personnel with standardized procedures. Overweight (including obesity) and thinness were defined according with the International Obesity Taskforce BMI cut-offs. Results The overall prevalence of overweight increased from 24·4 % in 1992 to 30·9 % in 2004 (P = 0·07), rising from 21·2 % in 1992 to 32·0 % in 2004 (P = 0·03) among boys and from 27·7 % to 29·8 % (P = 0·67) among girls. The overall prevalence of thinness was 2·7 % in 1992 and 9·2 % in 2004 (P < 0·001); in the same period, thinness prevalence rose from 1·9 % to 9·0 % (P = 0·10) among boys and from 3·7 % to 9·5 % (P < 0·01) among girls. Conclusions The dual burden of body weight has increased among children in Cuenca in the last decade. Population-based policies addressing childhood obesity, which is the most frequent problem, should not increase the risk of thinness.
Development of Person Localization and Activities Recognition System

This paper first presents the trends and related works of localization and activity recognition of human body. Then we introduced the discussion of multiple studies for person localization and activities recognition. And finally we can see that the ceiling binary infrared sensor network for locating and recognition showed growing advantages which were not limited by light condition, obstacles, fast computing, and most of all, this system can preserve individual privacy to some extent. Moreover, this system is with high precision, stable performance, high reliability, low cost and low power consumption. So it solves some current existing problems in human behavior recognition system. Keywords—infrared sensors; localization; activities recognition; binary values
Signed Graph Analysis for the Interpretation of Voting Behavior

In a signed graph, each link is labeled with either a positive or a negative sign. This is particularly appropriate to model polarized systems. Such a graph can be characterized through the notion of structural balance, which relies on the partitioning of the graph into internally solidary but mutually hostile subgroups. In this work, we show that signed graphs can be used to model and understand voting behavior. We take advantage of data from the European Parliament to confront two variants of structural balance, and illustrate how their use can help better understanding the studied system.
Strategic outsourcing of R&D: an exploratory study of human resources management practices of Indian outsource firms

Outsourcing as a phenomenon makes the news almost regularly, as more firms announce plans to move jobs to low-wage countries. But, it has been going on for at least two decades and the recent trend towards outsourcing of R&D work leads to a number of problems, the most important of which appears to be related to human resources aspects. R&D outsourcing, if not properly managed, could have serious consequences for both outsourcer and outsource firms. We have little understanding of the phenomenon other than that thus far, it appears to be successful, prompting more firms to embrace outsourcing. The central question of this study is: what are the consequences of R&D outsourcing on HRM practices in outsource firms, and how should skilled staff undertaking R&D work at outsource firms be managed from a human resources point of view? Having decided to outsource R&D, foreign outsourcer companies expect Indian outsourcee firms to deliver high quality innovative output, often against tight time frames. First, some theories are discussed. Thereafter, a number of propositions derived from theory are presented. In this study, the propositions were empirically tested using field data. The study took the form of a multiple-case study involving 16 selected companies in Bangalore, India
A World of Its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900-1970

Tracing the history of intercultural struggle and cooperation in the citrus belt of Greater Los Angeles, Matt Garcia explores the social and cultural forces that helped make the city the expansive and diverse metropolis that it is today. As the citrus-growing regions of the San Gabriel and Pomona Valleys in eastern Los Angeles County expanded during the early twentieth century, the agricultural industry there developed along segregated lines, primarily between white landowners and Mexican and Asian laborers. Initially, these communities were sharply divided. But Los Angeles, unlike other agricultural regions, saw important opportunities for intercultural exchange develop around the arts and within multiethnic community groups. Whether fostered in such informal settings as dance halls and theaters or in such formal organizations as the Intercultural Council of Claremont or the Southern California Unity Leagues, these interethnic encounters formed the basis for political cooperation to address labor discrimination and solve problems of residential and educational segregation. Though intercultural collaborations were not always successful, Garcia argues that they constitute an important chapter not only in Southern California's social and cultural development but also in the larger history of American race relations.
Multi-view TWRI scene reconstruction using a joint Bayesian sparse approximation model

This paper addresses the problem of scene reconstruction in conjunction with wall-clutter mitigation for com- pressed multi-view through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI). We consider the problem where the scene behind- the-wall is illuminated from different vantage points using a different set of frequencies at each antenna. First, a joint Bayesian sparse recovery model is employed to estimate the antenna signal coefficients simultaneously, by exploiting the sparsity and inter-signal correlations among antenna signals. Then, a subspace-projection technique is applied to suppress the signal coefficients related to the wall returns. Furthermore, a multi-task linear model is developed to relate the target coefficients to the image of the scene. The composite image is reconstructed using a joint Bayesian sparse framework, taking into account the inter-view dependencies. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for multi-view imaging of indoor scenes using a reduced set of measurements at each view.
The affinity for methane and methanol of mixed cultures grown on methane in continuous culture.

Pure cultures of Hyphomicrobium sp. had a high affinity for methanol (Km= 8·33 × 10−6 M) and the maximum respiration rate was c. 5 times higher than that of a mixed culture in which a methane-utilizing pseudomonad predominated (Km= 2·94 × 10−2 M). From a comparison of the substrate affinities, a culture of the methane-utilizing organism would be expected to produce levels of methanol high enough to inhibit methane oxidation and the Hyphomicrobium sp. would be able to scavenge this methanol.
Convolutional Neural Network Models Help Effectively Estimate Legume Coverage in Grass-Legume Mixed Swards

Evaluation of the legume proportion in grass-legume mixed swards is necessary for breeding and for cultivation research of forage. For objective and time-efficient estimation of legume proportion, convolutional neural network (CNN) models were trained by fine-tuning the GoogLeNet to estimate the coverage of timothy (TY), white clover (WC), and background (Bg) on the unmanned aerial vehicle-based images. The accuracies of the CNN models trained on different datasets were compared using the mean bias error and the mean average error. The models predicted the coverage with small errors when the plots in the training datasets were similar to the target plots in terms of coverage rate. The models that are trained on datasets of multiple plots had smaller errors than those trained on datasets of a single plot. The CNN models estimated the WC coverage more precisely than they did to the TY and the Bg coverages. The correlation coefficients (r) of the measured coverage for aerial images vs. estimated coverage were 0.92–0.96, whereas those of the scored coverage by a breeder vs. estimated coverage were 0.76–0.93. These results indicate that CNN models are helpful in effectively estimating the legume coverage.