Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward Creating Family-Friendly Work Environments in Pediatrics: Baseline Data From Pediatric Department Chairs and Pediatric Program Directors

OBJECTIVE. The objective was to determine baseline characteristics of pediatric residency training programs and academic departments in regard to family-friendly work environments as outlined in the Report of the Task Force on Women in Pediatrics. METHODS. We conducted Web-based anonymous surveys of 147 pediatric department chairs and 203 pediatric program directors. The chair's questionnaire asked about child care, lactation facilities, family leave policies, work-life balance, and tenure and promotion policies. The program director's questionnaire asked about family leave, parenting, work-life balance, and perceptions of “family-friendliness. ” RESULTS. The response rate was 52% for program directors and 51% for chairs. Nearly 60% of chairs reported some access to child care or provided assistance locating child care; however, in half of these departments, demand almost always exceeded supply. Lactation facilities were available to breastfeeding faculty in 74% of departments, although only 57% provided access to breast pumps. A total of 78% of chairs and 90% of program directors reported written maternity leave policies with slightly fewer reporting paternity leave policies. The majority (83%) of chairs reported availability of part-time employment, whereas only 27% of program directors offered part-time residency options. Most departments offered some flexibility in promotion and tenure. CONCLUSIONS. Although progress has been made, change still is needed in many areas in pediatric departments and training programs, including better accessibility to quality child care; improved lactation facilities for breastfeeding mothers; clear, written parental leave policies; and flexible work schedules to accommodate changing demands of family life.
Modeling of Low Temperature Plasma for Surface and Airborne Decontamination

This paper aims to study and develop new plasmabased technology for the next generation of molecular decontamination systems. A capacitively coupled plasma is considered for cleaning using the plasma fluxes directed to the walls. The model used for this purpose is the PLASIMO fluid module applied to a simplified 2-D geometry with pure argon gas. The modeling results are validated by comparison with experimental results and observations. Images of the plasma in the reactor and images of the calculated species distribution are presented.
Multilayer perceptron with binary weights and activations for intrusion detection of Cyber-Physical systems

Intrusion detection of Cyber-Physical systems has been a major concern since there are multiple ways of entry for cyber-attacks. Methods have been proposed to apply intrusion detection techniques to CPS, but most of them are host-centric. Problems arise for CPS with host-centric intrusion detection if the actual host is the one compromised. We introduce a method of having intrusion detection system for other low-powered devices of CPS through binary weights and activations of Multilayer Perceptron neural network. Our multilayer perceptron was trained, validated, and tested through the KDD '99 dataset and produced significant results which is discussed in the paper.
Programme characteristics and everyday occupations in day centres and clubhouses in Sweden

Abstract Background: Meaningful everyday occupations are important for mental health and recovery and are provided by both community-based day centres (DCs) and clubhouses. It is unknown, however, if any of the two has more recovery-promoting features. Objective: This nine-month longitudinal study compared DC and clubhouses, concerning the users’ perceptions of unit and programme characteristics, and aspects of everyday occupations in terms of engagement and satisfaction. Stability over time in these respects, as well as motivation for participation and relationships with occupational engagement and satisfaction, were explored. Methods: Participants from 10 DCs (n = 128) and 5 clubhouses (n = 57) completed self-report instruments. Results: DC attendees rated lower levels on two organizational factors; choice and ability to influence decisions, and the unit’s social network. Motivation showed to be an important factor for perceived occupational engagement, which did not differ between the two groups. DC attendees were more satisfied with their everyday occupations at baseline, but that factor increased more in the clubhouse group and there was no group difference at follow-up. The unit and programme characteristics and occupational engagement showed stability over time. Discussion: Clubhouses seemed more advantageous and DC services may consider developing users’ opportunities for choice and decision-making, and peer support.
Gossiping in CT

The logs in Certificate Transparency are untrusted in the sense that the users of the system don't have to trust that they behave correctly since the behavior of a log can be verified to be correct. This document tries to solve the problem with logs presenting a "split view" of their operations or failing to incorporate a submission within MMD. It describes three gossiping mechanisms for Certificate Transparency: SCT Feedback, STH Pollination and Trusted Auditor Relationship.
Determinants of Diversification for Non-Life Insurance Companies in Spain

This paper provides evidence on the determinants of the diversification status as well as the extent of diversification for Spanish non-life insurers in the period 2000-2007. Operating efficiency, risk pooling, internal capital markets, conflict of interests and external markets control are the sources of benefits and costs in diversification decisions by insurers that we evaluate. The examination also takes into consideration that mutuals and stocks coexist in the industry, each one with different potential agency costs acting as different constraints in the wealth maximization that should guide the diversification decisions. Results suggest that the search for operating efficiency arises as a key factor in diversification decisions. Organizational form does matter when trying to explain the extent of diversification since we find that risk pooling through the expansion into new business lines provides an additional incentive for mutual insurers to adopt a higher level of diversification.
A framework for describing the impact of antidepressant medications on population health status

In the absence of strategies for primary prevention, public health initiatives for major depression have generally focused on secondary and tertiary strategies such as case‐finding, public and professional education and disease management. Much emphasis has been placed on low reported rates of antidepressant utilization. In principle, increased rates of treatment utilization should lead to improved mental health status at the population level. However, methods for relating antidepressant utilization to population health status have not been described.
Design challenges in transmitting scalable video over multi-radio networks

A prototype system for simultaneously transmitting realtime video over multiple networks, such as cellular and WiFi, is developed and analyzed. This system uses scalable encoded video to split video resolution into base and enhancement layers. The base layer is always transmitted over reliable networks such as cellular, whereas the enhancement layers are opportunistically transmitted when additional capacity is available through WiFi. The challenges associated with designing such system are highlighted and the tradeoffs associated with the simultaneous use of multiple networks for real-time video transmission are described.
Critical Roles of Inflammation and Apoptosis in Improved Survival in a Model of Hyperoxia-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Pneumocystis murina-Infected Mice

ABSTRACT Pneumocystis infections increase host susceptibility to additional insults that would be tolerated in the absence of infection, such as hyperoxia. In an in vivo model using CD4-depleted mice, we previously demonstrated that Pneumocystis murina pneumonia causes significant mortality following an otherwise nonlethal hyperoxic insult. Infected mice demonstrated increased pulmonary inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis compared to controls. To test the mechanisms underlying these observations, we examined expression of components of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway in P. murina-infected mice exposed to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia alone increased expression of Fas on the surface of type II alveolar epithelial cells; conversely, infection with P. murina led to increased lung expression of Fas ligand. We hypothesized that inhibition of inflammatory responses or direct inhibition of alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis would improve survival in P. murina-infected mice exposed to hyperoxia. Mice were depleted of CD4+ T cells and infected with P. murina and then were exposed to >95% oxygen for 4 days, followed by return to normoxia. Experimental groups received vehicle, dexamethasone, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Compared with the vehicle-treated group, treatment with dexamethasone reduced Fas ligand expression and significantly improved survival. Similarly, treatment with GM-CSF, an agent we have shown protects alveolar epithelial cells against apoptosis, decreased Fas ligand expression and also improved survival. Our results suggest that the dual stresses of P. murina infection and hyperoxia induce lung injury via activation of the Fas-Fas ligand pathway and that corticosteroids and GM-CSF reduce mortality in P. murina-infected mice exposed to hyperoxic stress by inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis.
Strategic alliance development: a study on alliances between competing firms

The objective of this study was to reveal the development of lSAs (International Strategic Alliances) and the important factors for every phase of an alliance relationship. Since there are a great number of variables that can be assessed throughout the whole process of an alliance life, we decided to focus this research on the operational phase of alliances. This choice was based on the assumption that during the operational phase, firms normally face difficulties in their relationship. In this phase, people experience working together on a daily basis with partners that probably have a totally different culture, organization, behavior, and so on. They need to cope with conflicts that often appear during their partnership, the changing commitment to the alliance, the exchange process with the partners and also the changing environment and strategy. The research literature indicates four important variables during this phase, namely partner contribution, control, conflict and communication. We further investigated these four variables and their impact on the process development of alliances. This research focused on strategic alliances between rival firms, which are known as horizontal alliances. This type of partnership can be divided in three categories: complementary, shared-supply and quasi-concentration alliances. The present study tried to answer the following research question: How does a strategic alliance develop, what are the stages it goes through and what are the factors that influence the successful functioning of an alliance? This research question was divided into the following sub-questions: What resources do partners contribute? How is control exercised in this relationship? What is the influence of partner contribution and control on conflict? What is the role of communication in the alliance partnership?
How Do Transformational Leaders Promote Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation? Examining the Black Box through MASEM†

Understanding how firms can promote exploratory and exploitative innovations is of high interest for both scholars and practitioners. Although a substantial body of research has emphasized that top management's transformational leadership is crucial to innovation, the mechanisms through which strategic leaders influence these distinct types of innovations remain unclear. Building on upper echelon and social learning theory, this study develops and empirically examines a model that investigates the mediating roles of three distinct strategic orientations (market, learning, and entrepreneurial orientation) on the relationship between transformational leadership and exploratory and exploitative innovation. Using meta-analytic methods combined with structural equation modeling, this study integrates findings from separate research streams, covering over 15 years of research, and using a sample of 215 effect sizes from 75 studies. The results from the partial mediation model reveal that transformational leaders play a key role in creating these specific strategic orientations which, in turn, support different innovation outcomes. Specifically, the findings indicate that transformational leaders promote exploitative innovations predominantly by building a market orientation, whereas they foster exploratory innovations by stimulating an entrepreneurial and a learning orientation. Hence, this study extends upper echelon research by uncovering the different mechanisms through which transformational leaders promote exploratory and exploitative innovations as it theoretically identifies and empirically validates the unique mediating roles of three specific strategic orientations. The results thus provide valuable insights for the challenging management of exploratory and exploitative innovations, as they provide a 'guiding map' which reveals how transformational leaders from the top may use specific orientations to foster these distinct types of innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Compensation schemes for a SCR converter in variable speed wind power systems

This paper presents the performance study of several compensation schemes for a line-commutated SCR converter operating under a wide range of dc voltage. The studied reactive power and harmonic compensation schemes include passive filters, active filters, and hybrid compensation methods for a SCR interfaced permanent magnet generator based variable speed wind turbine. The effectiveness of the compensation schemes has been investigated in terms of reactive power and harmonics. The required compensation current ratings of these schemes are presented. The effects of higher pulse number of the converter on the compensation schemes are also considered.
Nonuniform transmission line matching circuits synthesis - Analytical versus optimization approach

This paper is dedicated to a direct synthesis of the wideband non-uniform transmission line matching circuits. A comparison of solutions, obtained using an analytical approach versus a numerical optimization method is presented. Practical conditions in microwave design, such as technological constraints and smoothness of the characteristic impedance function are considered. A new method for smoothing, based on constraint handling was implemented. Also sensitivity of the input reflection coefficient characteristic impedance is investigated.
Improving an OFDM reception using an adaptive Nyquist windowing

This paper explains how a windowing of the OFDMSignal in the time domain contributes to its improved reception. The windowing uses the part of the guard interval that is not disturbed by multipath reception. The length of the window adapts to the transmission conditions. This window may be realized with a raised cosine or other kind of function that fulJills the nyquist criterion. An easy way to implement the windowing keeping the FFT complexity low shall also be shown. The impact of windowing,for discrete sine spurious, white noise, phase noise andpequency deviations shall also be given.
Chaperone-dependent Regulation of Endothelial Nitric-oxide Synthase Intracellular Trafficking by the Co-chaperone/Ubiquitin Ligase CHIP*

Endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), the enzyme responsible for production of endothelial NO, is under tight and complex regulation. Proper cellular localization of eNOS is critical for optimal coupling of extracellular stimulation with NO production. In addition, the molecular chaperone Hsp90 interacts with eNOS and positively regulates eNOS activity. Hsp90 is modulated by physical interaction with its co-chaperones. CHIP (carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein) is such a co-chaperone that remodels the Hsp90 heterocomplex and causes protein degradation of some Hsp90 substrates through the ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase activity of CHIP. Here we show that CHIP incorporated into the eNOS·Hsp90 complex and specifically decreased soluble eNOS levels in transiently transfected COS cells. Surprisingly, in contrast to the effects of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin, which induces eNOS ubiquitylation and its subsequent protein degradation, CHIP did not target eNOS for ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent degradation. Instead, CHIP partitioned soluble eNOS into an insoluble and inactive cellular compartment, presumably through its co-chaperone activity. This effect seems to be due to displacement of eNOS from the Golgi apparatus, which is otherwise required for trafficking of eNOS to the plasmalemma and subsequent activation. Consistent with observations from overexpression studies, eNOS localization to the membrane and activity were increased in mouse lung endothelial cells lacking CHIP. Taken together, these results demonstrate a novel co-chaperone-dependent mechanism through which eNOS trafficking is regulated and suggest a potentially generalized role for CHIP in protein trafficking through the Golgi compartment.
Advances in Brief Spontaneous Cytotoxic T-Cell Responses against Survivin-derived MHC Class I-restricted T-Cell Epitopes in Situ As Well As ex Vivo in Cancer Patients 1

Recent advances in therapeutic tumor vaccinations necessitate the identification of broadly expressed, immunogenic tumor antigens that are not prone to immune selection. To this end, the human inhibitor of apoptosis, survivin, is a prime candidate because it is expressed in most human neoplasms but not in normal, differentiated tissues. Here, we demonstrate spontaneous cytotoxic T-cell responses against survivin-derived MHC class I-restricted T-cell epitopes in breast cancer, leukemia, and melanoma patients both in situ as well as ex vivo. Moreover, survivin-reactive T cells isolated by magnetic beads coated with MHC/peptide complexes were cytotoxic against HLA-matched tumors of different tissue types. Being a universal tumor antigen, survivin may serve as a widely applicable target for anticancer immunotherapy.
Effects of Dihydropyridine-Type Ca 2+ Antagonists on the Renal Arterial Tree in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The effects of hypertension and of treatment with dihydropyridine-type Ca 2+ antagonists and the vasocilator hydralazine on renal arterial tree were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with quantitative microanatomical techniques. Pharmacological treatment decreased to a similar extent systolic blood pressure values in SHR. Increased thickness of the tunica media of intrarenal arteries accompanied and luminal narrowing were observed in control SHR. Lercanidipine, manidipine, and nicardipine signficantly countered wall thickening and luminal narrowing. Hydralazine countered luminal narrowing only. Dihydropyridines exerted renal vasocilatory activity primarily on resistance arteries, being lercanidipine the only compound active on small sized arteries.
Rapid manifestation of reactive astrogliosis in acute hippocampal brain slices

A flurry of studies over the past decade has shown that astrocytes play a more active role in neural function than previously recognized. Hippocampal slices prepared from young rodent pups have served as a popular model for studying the pathways by which astrocytes participate in synaptic transmission. It is, however, not known how well astrocytes tolerate traumatic injury and hypoxia, which are unavoidable when preparing acute slices. We here showed that astrocytes exhibit striking changes in expression of several receptors and structural proteins, including re‐expression of the developmental marker nestin within 90 min following preparation of live vibratome slices. Moreover, immunoelectron microscopy showed a 2.7‐fold loss of astrocytic processes in acute hippocampal slices prepared from glial fibrillary acidic protein‐green fluorescent protein reporter mice. A sharp decrease in the number of mitochondria was also noted in acute slices, concurrently with an increase in mitochondrial size. Glycogen content decreased 3‐fold upon slice preparation and did not recover despite stable recordings of field excitatory postsynaptic current. Analysis of Ca2+ signaling showed that astrocytic responses to purine receptor and mGluR5 agonists differed in slice versus in vivo. These observations suggest that the functional properties and the fine structure of astrocytes in slices may be reflective of early stages of reactive gliosis and should be confirmed in vivo when possible. GLIA 2013;62:78–95
A Comparison of Two Pain Measures for Asian American Cancer Patients

Although two of the most commonly used multidimensional pain scales are the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form (MPQ-SF) and the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF), there has been little psychometric analysis of these tools used among ethnic minority populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare psychometric properties of these two pain scales among 119 Asian American cancer patients. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the MPQ-SF and the BPI-SF were high (α = .85-.97). The correlation coefficients of the item analyses were . 12 to . 88 for the MPQ-SF and . 44 to . 90 for the BPI-SF. Two factors were extracted for both instruments. Correlations between pain scores and the usage of pain medications were low for the MPQ-SF (r = .23-.33) and moderate for the BPI-SF (r = .40-.42). The results of this study indicated that, among Asian Americans, both the pain scales were internally consistent; some items in each instrument were redundant; and the BPI-SF is more valid than the MPQ-SF.
Spectrum of Markov Generators on Sparse Random Graphs

We investigate the spectrum of the infinitesimal generator of the continuoustime random walk on a randomly weighted oriented graph. This is the non‐Hermitian random n × n matrix L defined by Ljk = Xjk if k ≠ j and Ljj = – Σk ≠ j Ljk, where (Xjk)j ≠ k are i.i. d. random weights. Under mild assumptions on the law of the weights, we establish convergence as n → ∞ of the empirical spectral distribution of L after centering and rescaling. In particular, our assumptions include sparse random graphs such as the oriented Erdős‐Rényi graph where each edge is present independently with probability p(n) → 0 as long as np(n) ≫ (log(n))6. The limiting distribution is characterized as an additive Gaussian deformation of the standard circular law. In free probability terms, this coincides with the Brown measure of the free sum of the circular element and a normal operator with Gaussian spectral measure. The density of the limiting distribution is analyzed using a subordination formula. Furthermore, we study the convergence of the invariant measure of L to the uniform distribution and establish estimates on the extremal eigenvalues of L. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.