Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of Temperature Reduction of Cooling Asphalt Pavements Using High-Reflectivity Paints

Air pollution and artificial heat of urban areas have caused the urban heat island in which asphalt pavements absorb solar heat during the daytime and release the heat at night. Hence, in order to improve the environment of urban areas, it is necessary to examine cooling pavements that can reduce heat on road pavements in urban areas. The application of temperature insulation paints on road pavements require to reduce black brightness for visibility, to increase the reflection rate of infrared light and minimize the reflection rate of visible light. In the study, one part of Acrylic-emulsion was used as a main binder, and the changes in black brightness and the changes of addition ratio (0%, 15%, 30%) of hollow ceramics, as well as kinds of paints (carbon black pigment, mixed mineral pigment) were selected as the main experimental factors. The performance of temperature reduction of cooling pavements was analyzed through the reflection rate of spectrum, the reflection rate of solar heat, and the lamp test. Abrasion resistance, UV accelerated weather resistance, and sliding resistance were tested in real situations. In addition, the performance of heat reduction of testing pavements covered with high-reflection paints was analyzed by using an infrared camera. As the test results, when using mixed mineral paints and hollow ceramic of 30%, the reflection rate of spectrum was 43% in the area of near-infrared ray and 17% in the area of visible light at black brightness of
Cationic lipid emulsions as potential bioadhesive carriers for ophthalmic delivery of palmatine

Abstract Palmatine (PM) is a potent anti-infective agent used to treat eye diseases. However, PM is less effective for ocular application due to short residence time within the eyes. This study aimed to develop a cationic lipid emulsions (CLEs) for ophthalmic delivery of PM and evaluate its suitability in infection treatment. PM-loaded CLEs (PM-CLEs) were prepared through emulsifying/high-pressure homogenisation and characterised by particle size, ζ potential and morphology. The resulting PM-CLEs possessed a particle size of 192 nm and ζ potential of 45 mV around. In vitro release illustrated that PM was released less from CLEs. Corneal bioadhesion test showed that PM-CLEs exhibited an enhanced ocular residence time. Improved anti-infective activity was achieved in the model of fungus-induced keratitis. Furthermore, PM-CLEs demonstrated predominant cellular uptake and internalisation in the corneal epithelial cells. These results provide proof of concept that CLEs are promising bioadhesive carriers for ophthalmic delivery of PM.
Total variation regularization for linear ill -posed inverse problems: Extensions and applications

where A is a matrix and x, b are vectors and n is the realization of random noise. We analyze the solution x = A−1b which is completely dominated by noise. A useful solution can only be obtained by using additional information about the true solution x∗. The resulting solution x is called the regularized solution of the inverse problem. Two popular regularization techniques, Tikhonovand total variation regularization, are reviewed and numerical methods are presented that can be used to compute the regularized solution. An example of an ill posed inverse problem is presented, where we use total variation regularized deconvolution to deblurr seismograms. As compared to results of different other deconvolution techniques, including water level deconvolution the standard method in seismology, total variation regularized deconvolution results in cleaner and sharper restorations. However, this example also shows that one of the major shortcoming of total variation deconvolution is that it is only able to restore piecewise constant signals. In this thesis we extend total variation regularization to allow the restoration of piecewise smooth signals. Finally, we use a wavelet approximation of the total variation regularized denoising solution to remove noise from positron emission tomography scans. While a method exists for denoising two dimensional images we extend this method to process three dimensional image volumes. The method is computationally very efficient and we show that it can be used to increase the signal to noise ratio of positron emission tomography scans which are reconstructed using the expectation maximization algorithm. We conclude this thesis with directions of future research. Software packages to perform the denoising of volume data and the deblurring of seismograms can be download from the authors web page.
Simultaneous Tracking and Action Recognition using the PCA-HOG Descriptor

This paper presents a template-based algorithm to track and recognize athlete’s actions in an integrated system using only visual information. Conventional template-based action recognition systems usually consider action recognition and tracking as two independent problems, and solve them separately. In contrast, our algorithm emphasizes that tracking and action recognition can be tightly coupled into a single framework, where tracking assists action recognition and vise versa. Moreover, this paper proposes to represent the athletes by the PCA-HOG descriptor, which can be computed by first transforming the athletes to the grids of Histograms of Oriented Gradient (HOG) descriptor and then project it to a linear subspace by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The exploitation of the PCA-HOG descriptor not only helps the tracker to be robust under illumination, pose, and view-point changes, but also implicitly centers the figure in the tracking region, which makes action recognition possible. Empirical results in hockey and soccer sequences show the effectiveness of this algorithm.
Immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells.

### Immunogenicity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Zhao et al Nature . 2011. doi:10.1038/nature10135 A new study shows the immunogenicity of induced pluripotent stem cells by the direct transplantation of undifferentiated cells into syngenic mice. The reprogramming of somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells has been reported after introducing a combination of several defined factors, such as OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, into the cells.1 These artificially established cells are termed induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The iPSCs show unlimited growth while maintaining their potential for differentiation into various cell types of all 3 germ layers. Their pluripotency has been clearly shown by their contribution to chimeric animals and by the development of a full-term mouse during a tetraploid complementation experiment. These data also indicated that cells differentiated from iPSCs can at least partially replace the biological functions of various organs. Unlike embryonic stem cells (ESCs), iPSCs can be generated from a patient's own somatic cells. Therefore, the potential utility of iPSCs for regenerative medicine has been suggested. The development of iPSC-derived differentiated cells has been expected to provide personalized cells for cell-based therapy. However, the immunogenicity of these cells had not yet been strictly examined. Recently, Zhao et al. reported that the transplantation of immature iPSCs induced a T-cell–dependent immune response even in a syngenic mouse.2 When injected into immunodeficient mice, undifferentiated pluripotent cells grow locally, differentiate, and form teratomas that contain various cell types, including neurons, cartilage, keratinocytes, and intestinal epithelium. In this study, the authors investigated the immunoreactions …
Autecology of the tailed jay butterfly Graphium agamemnon (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera : Papilionidae).

The Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon is one of the attractive papilionid butterflies that enliven the environment of Visakhapatnam. It occurs throughout the year. It lays eggs singly on young leaves of the mast tree Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula (Annonaceae). The eggs take 3-4 days to hatch. The larvae go through 5 instars over a period of 15-16 days. The pupal period is 13-14 days. The total period from egg to adult emergence spans over 33-36 days. Based on this short life cycle, and larval and pupal development success studied every month, this butterfly can be multivoltine with a minimum of 7-8 broods in a year. Both CI and GR decreased with the age of larva, their average figures being 3.78 and 0.43 respectively. AD values are high (average 92%) and decreased through successive instars. Both ECD and ECI followed a similar pattern with an increase from instar I up to II, then a decrease up to IV and again an increase in instar V and the highest value is with fifth instar. Adults frequently visited flowers (12-35 flowers in a min) spending 1.0 to 3.2 seconds on a flower. The nectar concentration ranged between 16 and 58%. Peak foraging activity mostly fell between 0900-1000 h. The proboscis received pollen in most of the floral species visited, thus satisfying one of the characteristics of butterfly pollination. Being a fast and strong flier it is treated as "high energy" pollinator promoting cross-pollination.
A generalization of Slavnov-extended non-commutative gauge theories

We consider a non-commutative U(1) gauge theory in 4 dimensions with a modified Slavnov term [1] which looks similar to the 3-dimensional BF model. In choosing a space-like axial gauge fixing we find a new vector supersymmetry which is used to show that the model is free of UV/IR problems, just as in the previously discussed model [2, 3]. Finally, we present generalizations of our proposed model to higher dimensions.
MAC PROTOCOLS FOR COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY IN

In recent year, there has been high research attention in the field of user cooperation in wireless communication networks. Here a survey of cooperative diversity enabled medium access control protocols for WLANs are presented. Cooperative diversity is a promising technique which can combat fading and improve reliability in wireless environment. It developed as an alternative to MIMO systems where nearby terminals share their antennas and resources and hence create a Virtual MIMO (VMIMO) system. These terminals cooperate with the transmitter and receiver to transmit multiple copies of the same data to the receiver through independent fading channels. These multiple copies of the data can be combined at the receiver using appropriate techniques to recover the original packet correctly. This improves the reliability of the wireless channel by exploiting the spatial diversity. MAC protocols play an important role in realizing this concept by effectively coordinating transmissions between source, relay and destination nodes. For this reason, the research community has proposed a large number of cooperative MAC protocols to realize this concept. Most of these protocols are contention based and hence are based on IEEE 802.11 DCF mode. These protocols can be classified in to different categories based on condition for cooperation, optimal helper selection procedure, etc. The protocols discussed here belongs to a category in which the decision for cooperation based on a cooperation condition, preparation of potential helper lists and optimal helper selection are done by the source itself. An overview of these protocols including handshaking schemes, medium access schemes, and features are discussed.
Modified Inverter Control of Distributed Generation for Enhanced Relaying Coordination in Distribution Networks

This paper presents a modified power control to integrate inverter-based distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks. This control is designed for mitigating the maloperation of the overcurrent protection coordination, due to the DG current contribution during the fault. The proposed power control introduces a new approach to perform the inverter control by using new orthogonal components of the grid voltages that provide a modified controlled power. Using the proposed methodology, the injected current to the grid during faults is limited to the DG-rated level. By controlling the reference power based on a proposed function of the per-unit terminal voltage, the injected current is limited to a desired value. The results of the simulated system corroborate the control capability to completely limit the inverter-based DG effects on protection coordination in the distribution level.
Quality of Life As a Determinant of Frailty Phenotype in Community‐Dwelling Persons with Parkinson's Disease

mouth and lips, and choreatic movements of the arms. Positive snout, glabellar, and right palmomental reflexes were found. Psychiatric evaluation showed no signs of delirium. Neuropsychological testing showed mild cognitive impairment with predominantly extensive frontal symptomatology, resulting in social disinhibition, distractibility, utilization behavior, and a tendency to imitate. On hospital admission, laboratory testing showed high hemoglobin (Hb; 18.7 g/dL, reference 12–16 g/dL) and hematocrit (Ht; 0.57 L/L, reference 0.35–0.45 L/L) and a mean corpuscular volume of 88 fL (reference 80–98 fL). Other laboratory tests showed normal values. In retrospect, Hb and Ht had been rising since 6 months before presentation. Apart from mild ischemic white matter lesions, no abnormalities were seen on magnetic resonance imaging. Electroencephalogram and cerebral spinal fluid analysis revealed no specific pathology. The finding of a JAK2 mutation confirmed the diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV), and phlebotomy was initiated at 500 mL twice a week. After her fourth phlebotomy, she was feeling better, the chorea attacks disappeared, and the motor restlessness declined significantly. Her Hb dropped to 13.1 g/dL and Ht to 0.40 L/L. Neuropsychological retesting revealed a significant improvement in frontal characteristics; 6 months later she was still in remission.
Biomineralization of calcium carbonates and their engineered applications: a review

Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) is a naturally occurring biological process in which microbes produce inorganic materials as part of their basic metabolic activities. This technology has been widely explored and promising with potential in various technical applications. In the present review, the detailed mechanism of production of calcium carbonate biominerals by ureolytic bacteria has been discussed along with role of bacteria and the sectors where these biominerals are being used. The applications of bacterially produced carbonate biominerals for improving the durability of buildings, remediation of environment (water and soil), sequestration of atmospheric CO2 filler material in rubbers and plastics etc. are discussed. The study also sheds light on benefits of bacterial biominerals over traditional agents and also the issues that lie in the path of successful commercialization of the technology of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation from lab to field scale.
Some lessons from ENCODE data-regulatory elements using comparative genomics : cisFinding data

data Supplementary http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/775/DC1 "Supplemental Reseach Data" References http://www.genome. org/cgi/content/full/17/6/775#References This article cites 53 articles, 28 of which can be accessed free at: Open Access Freely available online through the Genome Research Open Access option. service Email alerting click here top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at the
Case Study: How Modeling Revealed Serious Performance Problems in Distributed (DCE) Systems

Open Software Foundation's Distributed Computing Environment (OSF/DCE) [8] is a platform for distributed computing. DCE is a collection of tools and services for the development, use, and maintenance of transparent distributed application systems. The communication paradigm supported by DCE is the synchronous Remote Procedure Call (RPC) [1]. RPCs can be implemented on any transport layer protocol, such as TCP or UDP. RPCs over UDP can be optimized more than those over TCP. Therefore, RPCs over UDP are, in general, faster and hence of our interest in this paper. Fundamental to the overall performance of DCE is the RPC round trip time, also known as latency or response time. Round trip time is the time elapsed between when an RPC is invoked and when it is returned. In this paper, we focus on the round trip time of DCE RPC. Our earlier work describes analytic performance modeling techniques for distributed application systems [4]. Unfortunately, the techniques couldn't be validated because the model-predicted and measured round trip times didn't match. When the model predicted a decrease in the RPC round trip time, the measured round trip time showed an increase. The prediction of the model followed intuition but the actual measurement was counterintuitive. We concluded that a performance bug in the system was causing the round trip time anomaly and investigated the reason. The result of the investigation is described this paper. The objective of this paper is to illustrate how modeling a distributed system can reveal serious performance problems and lead to performance improvement. We start with a background of DCE RPC in Section 2. We develop a queueing network model for RPC in Section 3 and suggest a simple extension to the Mean Value Analysis (MVA) algorithm [6] to account for parallelism present in inter-machine RPCs. We rediscover the anomaly by comparing the modelpredicted round trip times with the measured round trip times in Section 4. Section 4.3 describes the anomaly. We discuss the cause behind the anomaly in Section 4.4 and suggest the x in 4.5. Section 5 describes our conclusions and future work.
Inhibition of Angiogenesis Mediated by Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MFs)

The formation of new blood vessels is an essential therapeutic target in many diseases such as cancer, ischemic diseases, and chronic inflammation. In this regard, extremely low-frequency (ELF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) seem able to inhibit vessel growth when used in a specific window of amplitude. To investigate the mechanism of anti-angiogenic action of ELF-EMFs we tested the effect of a sinusoidal magnetic field (MF) of 2 mT intensity and frequency of 50 Hz on endothelial cell models HUVEC and MS-1 measuring cell status and proliferation, motility and tubule formation ability. MS-1 cells when injected in mice determined a rapid tumor-like growth that was significantly reduced in mice inoculated with MF-exposed cells. In particular, histological analysis of tumors derived from mice inoculated with MF-exposed MS-1 cells indicated a reduction of hemangioma size, of blood-filled spaces, and in hemorrhage. In parallel, in vitro proliferation of MS-1 treated with MF was significantly inhibited. We also found that the MF-exposure down-regulated the process of proliferation, migration and formation of tubule-like structures in HUVECs. Using western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis, we collected data about the possible influence of MF on the signalling pathway activated by the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In particular, MF exposure significantly reduced the expression and activation levels of VEGFR2, suggesting a direct or indirect influence of MF on VEGF receptors placed on cellular membrane. In conclusion MF reduced, in vitro and in vivo, the ability of endothelial cells to form new vessels, most probably affecting VEGF signal transduction pathway that was less responsive to activation. These findings could not only explain the mechanism of anti-angiogenic action exerted by MFs, but also promote the possible development of new therapeutic applications for treatment of those diseases where excessive angiogenesis is involved.
Synthesis Methods of Carbon Nanotubes and Related Materials

The challenge on carbon nanotubes is still the subject of many research groups. While in the first years the focus was on the new synthesis methods, new carbon sources and support materials, recently, the application possibilities are the principal arguments of the studies. The three main synthesis methods discussed in this review are the arc discharge, the laser ablation and the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with a special regard to the latter one. In the early stage of the nanotube production the first two methods were utilized mainly for the production of SWNTs while the third one produced mainly MWNTs. The principle of CVD is the decomposition of various hydrocarbons over transition metal supported catalyst. Single-walled (SWNT), multi-walled (MWNT) and coiled carbon nanotubes are produced. In some case, interesting carbonaceous materials are formed during the synthesis process, such as bamboo-like tubes, onions, horn-like structures. In this paper, we refer to the progresses made in the field of the synthesis techniques of carbon nanotubes in the last decade.
Pedogenic iron oxide determination of soil surfaces from laboratory spectroscopy and HyMap image data

Acknowledgements First of all I would like to thank Prof. Herrmann Kaufmann and Dr. Sabine Chabrillat for the opportunity to work on this project and being my supervisors from the very beginning. I am especially grateful to Sabine for keeping work not related to the project off my desk and giving me the freedom to focus on the research. Her guidance in the field, intensive discussions and valuable suggestions improved the quality of this thesis. I am deeply thankful to Dr. Thomas Jarmer for his continuous interest in this work, for sharing his knowledge and intensive discussions about soils, spectroscopy and statistics. His approach to scientific working, encouragement and support have been of great value for the successful completion of the thesis. Prof. Cecilio Oyonarte from the University Almeria is appreciated for funding and performing the soil samples chemical analysis within the Incamar Project, for technical support of the field work, sharing his knowledge of the study site and enabling a five week research stay in Almeria. Acknowledgements are due to Prof. Patrick Hostert for being available as supervisor and giving me the opportunity to submit the thesis at the Humboldt University. Through our discussions and his initiative to meet Thomas the thesis was pushed to a stage where it could be completed. I wish to extend my warmest thanks to all my colleagues from the remote sensing section of the GFZ Potsdam. Dr. Jan Anderssohn and Daniel Spengler are gratefully acknowledged for being great officemates and friends, for all the fruitful discussions and nice chats over a beer. Thanks for an unforgettable PhD time! Sylvia Magnussen is thanked for her assistance with all types of technical problems-at any time, and Dr. Karl Segl for discussions and his little software tools that were faster programmed than I could wish for. ii My warmest thanks go to Andrea Neumann for her help with optical measurements, discussions and invaluable field assistance. The field work would not have been accomplished in time without her help. Thanks also for showing me around in Berlin, long open talks and always being there in the phases of frustration. It will not be forgotten. I am grateful to Dr. Martin Bachmann from the DLR for HyMap data processing and µMESMA calculations, the EU Desurvey-IP Project under leadership of Prof. Juan Puigdefabregas for generous funding of the project and Prof. Eyal Ben-Dor for being available as referee for …