Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Model of Geometric Cell and Topological Algorithm for Cell Dynamics from Single-Cell to Formation of Monolayered Tissues with Pattern

Geometric and mechanical properties of individual cells and interactions among neighboring cells are the basis of formation of tissue patterns. Understanding the complex interplay of cells is essential for gaining insight into embryogenesis, tissue development, and other emerging behavior. Here we describe a cell model and an efficient geometric algorithm for studying the dynamic process of tissue formation in 2D (e.g. epithelial tissues). Our approach improves upon previous methods by incorporating properties of individual cells as well as detailed description of the dynamic growth process, with all topological changes accounted for. Cell size, shape, and division plane orientation are modeled realistically. In addition, cell birth, cell growth, cell shrinkage, cell death, cell division, cell collision, and cell rearrangements are now fully accounted for. Different models of cell-cell interactions, such as lateral inhibition during the process of growth, can be studied in detail. Cellular pattern formation for monolayered tissues from arbitrary initial conditions, including that of a single cell, can also be studied in detail. Computational efficiency is achieved through the employment of a special data structure that ensures access to neighboring cells in constant time, without additional space requirement. We have successfully generated tissues consisting of more than 20,000 cells starting from 2 cells within 1 hour. We show that our model can be used to study embryogenesis, tissue fusion, and cell apoptosis. We give detailed study of the classical developmental process of bristle formation on the epidermis of D. melanogaster and the fundamental problem of homeostatic size control in epithelial tissues. Simulation results reveal significant roles of solubility of secreted factors in both the bristle formation and the homeostatic control of tissue size. Our method can be used to study broad problems in monolayered tissue formation. Our software is publicly available.
The estimation of the growth and redistribution components of changes in poverty: a reassessment

What are the respective contributions of growth and inequality changes to observed poverty variations? Many studies have attempted to provide some empirical evidence to answer this question using case studies with decompositions of observed poverty spells. Most of them rely on two decomposition frameworks suggested by Datt & Ravallion (1992) on the one hand, and Shorrocks (1999) and Kakwani (2000) on the other hand. However, despite their properties, these techniques are not appropriate for such an accounting exercise. Here, following Muller (2006), we propose an alternative decomposition procedure that is consistent with definitions of growth and inequality effects stemming from time-integral calculus. Contrary to the aforementioned methods, the proposed technique simultaneously fits the observed pattern of income distributions changes and does not produce large residual components.
Distributed rate and power control in DSRC

The focus of this paper is on rate and power control algorithms in DSRC. We first design a utility maximization framework by leveraging the well-developed network congestion control, and formulate two subproblems, one on rate control with fixed transmit powers and the other on power control with fixed rates. Distributed rate control and power control algorithms are developed to solve these two subproblems, respectively, and are proved to be asymptotically optimal. Joint rate and power control can be done by using the two algorithms in an alternating fashion. The performance enhancement of our algorithms compared with a recent rate control algorithm, called EMBARC [1], is evaluated by using the network simulator ns2.
IN SITU HIGH TEMPERATURE PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN RARE EARTH NIOBATES

Rare earth niobates present an interesting group of materials due to their reversible ferroelastic to paraelastic phase transformation. So far these phase transformations have mainly been studied either at low temperatures (for instance in LaNbO4) or in specimen that have been quenched after heat treatment. Here, high temperature phase transformations of rare earth niobates have been studied in-situ using synchrotron X-rays. For these studies we used our Quadrupole Furnace, which can reach up to 2000 °C in air. Lattice parameters and unit cell volumes could be determined and first results of the mechanism causing the phase transformations are presented.
RR Lyrae and Short-Period Variable Stars in the Dwarf Irregular Galaxy NGC 6822

We report the discovery of a large number of short-period variable stars in the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822, based on deep time-series imaging carried out with the ESO Very Large Telescope. In particular, we found a modest population of RR Lyrae stars tracing the presence of an old stellar component in NGC 6822. Measurements of the average luminosity of RR Lyrae stars provide a new independent estimate of the distance to this galaxy based on a Population II indicator, (m - M)0 = 23.36 ± 0.17. In addition, our new data show a significant population of small-amplitude, short-period variable stars filling the instability strip starting at luminosities only a few tenths of a magnitude brighter than the RR Lyrae stars. Given the presence of an extended star formation in NGC 6822, the faint end of this distribution of short-period variable stars is likely to originate from a population of intermediate-age, metal-poor He-burning stars, younger and more massive than RR Lyrae stars.
TR-IIS-14-003 Review and Implementation of High-Dimensional Local Binary Patterns and Its Application to Face Recognition

High-dimensional local binary patterns [5] have been proved to be a useful feature for face recognition, which provides near-human performance in a widely used face verification benchmark. In this report, we first review the technical aspect of this promising feature, and then we provide our implementation details of the feature. Finally, we show some experimental results using this feature on two public datasets, LFW and CACD.
Confidence measure extraction for SVM speech classifiers using artificial neural networks

Although the recognition results of support vector machines are very promising in many applications, however there is a gap between the accuracy of SVM based speech recognizers and time series models (e.g. HMM). The main reason is the lack of reliable confidence measure (CM) in SVM outputs. This paper describes two methods to add CM into binary SVM outputs using trainable intelligent systems. The first method is the simulation of Platt method using neural network while the second method is a linear combination of Platt sigmoid functions using multi-layer perceptron. The results of experiments, arranged on a set of confused phonemes using TIMIT corpus, show that the second method demonstrates better performance than the first one, e.g. After rejecting 20% of classifications by CM, the achieved error rates for ldquo/p/,/t/rdquo, ldquo/p/,/q/rdquo and ldquo/t/,q/rdquo phonemes are 3.86%, 2.1% and 0.6% respectively, while this error rate is much higher without employing neural networks. Although by increasing the number of phonemes, the performance of the second method will match that of the first one.
Convergence of an online gradient algorithm with penalty for two-layer neural networks

Online gradient algorithm has been widely used as a learning algorithm for feedforward neural networks training. Penalty is a common and popular method for improving the generalization performance of networks. In this paper, a convergence theorem is proved for the online gradient learning algorithm with penalty, a term proportional to the magnitude of the weights. The monotonicity of the error function with such a penalty term is guaranteed during the training iteration. A key point of the proofs is the boundedness of the network weights, which is also a desired rewarding of adding penalty.
A design pattern verifier in two-tier programming environment

The automatic verification of the design patterns implemented in codes is one of the most important and feasible tasks on automatic verification of program, and provides useful experience to fully automatic verifications of program codes in the future. In this paper, based on the design pattern formalization and two-tier programming paradigm, the framework of a design pattern verification tool is proposed, the object-oriented design of both program design model and design pattern specification is explained, the implementation of a prototype for the tool is introduced, and the verification of a real design pattern is illustrated.
PRISMO: predictive skyline query processing over moving objects

Skyline query is important in the circumstances that require the support of decision making. The existing work on skyline queries is based mainly on the assumption that the datasets are static. Querying skylines over moving objects, however, is also important and requires more attention. In this paper, we propose a framework, namely PRISMO, for processing predictive skyline queries over moving objects that not only contain spatio-temporal information, but also include non-spatial dimensions, such as other dynamic and static attributes. We present two schemes, RBBS (branch-and-bound skyline with rescanning and repacking) and TPBBS (time-parameterized branchand-bound skyline), each with two alternative methods, to handle predictive skyline computation. The basic TPBBS is further extended to TPBBSE (TPBBS with expansion) to enhance the performance of memory space consumption and CPU time. Our schemes are flexible and thus can process point, range, and subspace predictive skyline queries. Extensive experiments show that our proposed schemes can handle predictive skyline queries effectively, and that TPBBS significantly outperforms RBBS.
Numerical analysis and optimization of PEDOT:PSS/Si nanowire hybrid solar cells

In this paper, a numerical program for simulating the organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells is developed first by including the tail/interfacial states for carrier transport of the organic materials. Then a typical structure of the PEDOT:PSS/Si nanowire hybrid solar cell is simulated and compared with experimental results. Finally, an efficiency up to 14% is obtained after the optimization.
Migration of Eosinophils Across Endothelial Cell Monolayers: Interactions Among IL-5, Endothelial-Activating Cytokines, and C-C Chemokines1

Eosinophils are the predominant cell type recruited in inflammatory reactions in response to allergen challenge. The mechanisms of selective eosinophil recruitment in allergic reactions are not fully elucidated. In this study, the ability of several C-C chemokines to induce transendothelial migration (TEM) of eosinophils in vitro was assessed. Eotaxin, eotaxin-2, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-4, and RANTES induced eosinophil TEM across unstimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a concentration-dependent manner with the following rank order of potency: eotaxin ≈ eotaxin-2 > MCP-4 ≈ RANTES. The maximal response induced by eotaxin or eotaxin-2 exceeded that of RANTES or MCP-4. Preincubation of eosinophils with anti-CCR3 Ab (7B11) completely blocked eosinophil TEM induced by eotaxin, MCP-4, and RANTES. Activation of endothelial cells with IL-1β or TNF-α induced concentration-dependent migration of eosinophils, which was enhanced synergistically in the presence of eotaxin and RANTES. Anti-CCR3 also inhibited eotaxin-induced eosinophil TEM across TNF-α-stimulated HUVEC. The ability of eosinophil-active cytokines to potentiate eosinophil TEM was assessed by investigating eotaxin or RANTES-induced eosinophil TEM across resting and IL-1β-stimulated HUVEC in the presence or absence of IL-5. The results showed synergy between IL-5 and the chemokines but not between IL-5 and the endothelial activator IL-1β. Our data suggest that eotaxin, eotaxin-2, MCP-4, and RANTES induce eosinophil TEM via CCR3 with varied potency and efficacy. Activation of HUVEC by IL-1β or TNF-α or priming of eosinophils by IL-5 both promote CCR3-dependent migration of eosinophils from the vasculature in conjunction with CCR3-active chemokines.
Toward Embedded Emotionally Intelligent System

In this paper, brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC) is implemented and verified for embedded and dedicated applications. Simulation results of this controller in continious simulation environments such as MATLAB/SIMULINK environment show that it is a suitable controller for many linear and nonlinear controlling tasks. Converting the high-level continuous model such as SIMULINK to event based HDL code is not a simple task and many aspects of this model conversion should be considered. A semi-automatic method was applied to SIMULINK model for obtaining a non-synthesizable VHDL code. After that, synthesizable code of BELBIC is created and verified for target platform based on designer objectives.
Simultaneous measurement of EEG-fNIRS in classifying and localizing brain activation to mental stress

Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been proposed as a means to detect mental stress by measuring the concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) on the prefrontal cortex. In this study, simultaneous measurement of EEG-fNIRS on five healthy subjects was performed. We investigated the correlation between the hemodynamic responses and EEG alpha rhythm of mental stress during arithmetic task. The study demonstrated the significance of EEG and fNIRS signals in discriminating mental stress from baseline with p-value of 0.04 and 0.0014 respectively. We confirm that there is a correlation between EEG Alpha rhythm and concentration change of oxygenated hemoglobin with stress task. Using support vector machine (SVM), the detection rate of mental stress is 81%, and 95% using fNIRS and EEG respectively.
Rapid Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria with and without CTX-M Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase from Positive Blood Culture Bottles by PCR Followed by Microchip Gel Electrophoresis

ABSTRACT We evaluated the usefulness of PCR analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) followed by microchip gel electrophoresis (MGE) for direct identification and CTX-M detection of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from positive blood culture bottles. Of 251 GNB isolated from blood cultures containing a single bacterium, 225 (90%) were correctly identified at the species level directly from positive blood culture bottles by comparing the ITS-PCR patterns of the sample strain with those of the control strains. There were no cases of incorrect identification. Limitations encountered included the inability to detect mixed cultures (four bottles) as well as some species (Enterobacter species and Klebsiella oxytoca) demonstrating identical ITS-PCR patterns. A total of 109 ESBL-producing isolates from various clinical materials obtained between January 2005 and December 2008 were examined for bla CTX-M, bla SHV, and bla TEM genes by PCR and sequences of PCR products. CTX-M ESBL was detected in 105 isolates, and SHV ESBL was detected in two isolates. The remaining two isolates (K. oxytoca) were shown to harbor bla OXY. Twenty (19%) of 104 Escherichia coli isolates from blood cultures were suspected to produce ESBL by the combination disk method, and these isolates were shown to harbor CTX-M ESBL by PCR-MGE. The results were obtained within 1.5 h at a calculated cost of $6.50 per specimen. In conclusion, simultaneous detection of ITS length polymorphisms and bla CTX-M by single PCR followed by MGE is useful for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable species-level identification of CTX-M ESBL-producing GNB responsible for bloodstream infections.
Neurocognitive function in unmedicated manic and medicated euthymic pediatric bipolar patients.

OBJECTIVE A systematic evaluation of neuropsychological functioning in individuals with pediatric bipolar disorder is necessary to clarify the types of cognitive deficits that are associated with acutely ill and euthymic phases of the disorder and the effects of medication on these deficits. METHOD Unmedicated (N=28) and medicated (N=28) pediatric bipolar patients and healthy individuals (N=28) (mean age=11.74 years, SD=2.99) completed cognitive testing. Groups were matched on age, sex, race, parental socioeconomic status, general intelligence, and single-word reading ability. A computerized neurocognitive battery and standardized neuropsychological tests were administered to assess attention, executive function, working memory, verbal memory, visual memory, visuospatial perception, and motor skills. RESULTS Subjects with pediatric bipolar disorder, regardless of medication and illness status, showed impairments in the domains of attention, executive functioning, working memory, and verbal learning compared to healthy individuals. Also, bipolar subjects with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) performed worse on tasks assessing attention and executive function than patients with bipolar disorder alone. CONCLUSIONS The absence of differences in the deficits of neurocognitive profiles between acutely ill unmedicated patients and euthymic medicated patients suggests that these impairments are trait-like characteristics of pediatric bipolar disorder. The cognitive deficits found in individuals with pediatric bipolar disorder suggest significant involvement of frontal lobe systems supporting working memory and mesial temporal lobe systems supporting verbal memory, regardless of ADHD comorbidity.
Immunocytochemical Detection of Orexin A in Endocrine Cells of the Developing Mouse Gut

Orexins are novel neuropeptides that were originally localized in neurons of the hypothalamus and neuronal fibers of the brain. Recently orexin A and its receptor have also been reported in neurons and endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Because no studies have been done at the embryonic period, we studied the appearance and distribution of orexin A during the development of mouse gastrointestinal tract using immunocytochemical methods. Immunoreactivity to orexin A was detected in neuroendocrine cells of the pyloric region of the stomach at gestational Day 14 and 1 day after in the small intestine. The numbers of immunoreactive cells progressively increased through development until the adult pattern was reached. Staining of reverse-face sections demonstrated that orexin A and serotonin co-localized in some endocrine cells of the mouse stomach and small intestine. These findings suggest that orexin A may be relevant in the growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract during intrauterine life.
An Empirical Examination of Firm Characteristics and Its Impact on Listing Day Return

Importance of prospectus cannot be ignored in any public issue. In India there is a set of guidelines, which has to be followed by the issuer in context of prospectus document. These guidelines were formulated by Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) to make the firm specific information equally available to different groups of investors and to minimize the information asymmetry. Information asymmetry contributes to ex-ante uncertainty. Ex-ante uncertainty around equity issue spurs underpricing. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of firm specific characteristics on underpricing. Out of various proxies of ex-ante uncertainty; age of firm, turnover, pre IPO leverage; share held by promoters recognised as firm specific characteristics with reference to objective of the study. Initial public offers that were floated from 2007 to 2012 sampled for the purpose of the study. Using multiple regression techniques it was found that age of firm, pre IPO leverage, turnover as well as fraction of share held by the promoter's of private sector firms in India do not have any statistically significant impact on the level of undepricing. Findings of the present study are quite contradictory to the findings of Ritter (1984), however similar to the findings emerged from the studies (Sahoo & Prabina, 2012; Jain & Padamavati, 2012) that have already been conducted in Indian context. It is concluded that, although firm specific characteristic have correlation with initial day return but firm specific characteristics, do not cause any statistical significant impact on underpricing. On the other hand statistical findings of the present study, have justified the initiative and efforts of SEBI in minimization of information asymmetry at the public issue of equity instruments.
Efficient Sink Scheduling for Data Travelling in WSNs with Delay Constraint

— The objective of system is to use sink mobility to prolong the network lifetime in wireless sensor networks where the information delay caused by moving the sink should be bounded. In this paper, a unified framework for analyzing the joint sink mobility, routing, delay, and so on is built. The induced sub problems are studied and then present efficient solutions for them. Then, we generalize these solutions and propose a novel approach-HSDT algorithm for the origin problem. Proposed system shows the benefits of involving a mobile sink and the impact of network parameters (e.g., the number of sensors, the delay bound, etc.) on the network lifetime. Furthermore, a study on the effects of different trajectories of the sink and to provide important insights for designing mobility schemes in real-world mobile WSNs is performed.
6 7

35 The cortical potentials evoked by cutaneous application of a laser stimulus (laser evoked 36 potentials, LEP) often include potentials in the primary somatic sensory cortex (S1), which may 37 be located within the subdivisions of S1 including Brodmann areas 3A, 3B, 1 and 2. The precise 38 location of the LEP generator may clarify the pattern of nociceptive activation of human S1 by 39 painful stimuli. We now test the hypothesis that the generators of the LEP are located in human 40 Brodmann areas 1 or 3A within S1. 41 Local field potential (LFP) source analysis of the LEP was obtained from subdural grids 42 over sensorimotor cortex in two patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. The relationship of LEP 43 dipoles was compared to dipoles for somatic sensory potentials evoked by median nerve 44 stimulation (SEP), and recorded in area 3B (see the companion paper). Both patients had an 45 early radial dipole in S1. The LEP dipole was located medial, anterior and deep to the SEP 46 dipole, which suggests a nociceptive dipole in area 3A. One patient had a later tangential dipole 47 with positivity posterior, which is opposite to the orientation of the SEP dipole in area 3B. The 48 reversal of orientations between modalities is consistent with the cortical surface negative 49 orientation resulting from the superficial termination of thalamocortical neurons which receive 50 inputs from the spinothalamic tract. Therefore, the present results suggest that the LEP may 51 result in a radial dipole consistent with a generator in area 3A and a putative later putative 52 tangential generator in area 3B. 53
SECTOR: secure tracking of node encounters in multi-hop wireless networks

In this paper we present SECTOR, a set of mechanisms for the secure verification of the time of encounters between nodes in multi-hop wireless networks. This information can be used notably to prevent wormhole attacks (without requiring any clock synchronization), to secure routing protocols based on last encounters (with only loose clock synchronization), and to control the topology of the network. SECTOR is based primarily on distance-bounding techniques, on one-way hash chains and on Merkle hash trees. We analyze the communication, computation and storage complexity of the proposed mechanisms and we show that, due to their efficiency and simplicity, they are compliant with the limited resources of most mobile devices.