Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constrained rough paths

We introduce a notion of rough paths on embedded submanifolds and demonstrate that this class of rough paths is natural. On the way, we develop a notion of rough integration and an efficient and intrinsic theory of rough differential equations (RDEs) on manifolds. The theory of RDEs is then used to construct parallel translation along manifold‐valued rough paths. Finally, this framework is used to show that there is a one‐to‐one correspondence between rough paths on a d ‐dimensional manifold and rough paths on d ‐dimensional Euclidean space. This last result is a rough path analogue of Cartan's development map and its stochastic version which was developed by Eells and Elworthy and Malliavin.
Several-hours-ahead electricity price and load forecasting using neural networks

In daily power markets, forecasting electricity prices and loads are the most essential task and basis for any decision making. An approach to predict the market behaviors is to use the historical prices, loads and other required information to forecast the future prices and loads. This paper introduces an approach for several-hours-ahead electricity price and load forecasting using artificial intelligence method, such as neural network model, which uses publicly available data from NEMMCO web site to forecast electricity prices and loads for the Victorian electricity market. An approach of selection of similar days is proposed according to which the load and price curves are forecasted by using the information of the days being similar to that of the forecast day. A Euclidean norm with weighted factors is used for the selection of similar days. Two different ANN models, one for several-hours-ahead load forecasting and another for several-hours-ahead price forecasting have been proposed. The forecasted price and load from the neural network is obtained by adding a correction to the selected similar days, and the correction is obtained from the neural network. MAPE results show that several-hours-ahead electricity price and load in the deregulated Victorian market can be forecasted with reasonable accuracy.
Nature of Uncertainty

The concept of uncertainty is philosophically interesting and practically consequential. All humans face uncertainty but we react to it in different ways. Uncertainty permeates most human endeavours and we often find ourselves making decisions under conditions of uncertainty. In fact, from a philosophical viewpoint, this is the essence of engineering. It has been argued that humans strive to increase predictability and reduce uncertainty. Studies show that people faced with different decision alternatives prefer the option with least uncertainty. The notion that uncertainty as an undesirable attribute is also reflected in humans who cherish past eras because of the comforting certainty about what happened the next day. The present day is different; we feel uncertain about whether the stock market will crash tomorrow and whether there will be a big earthquake next year. On the other hand, it is interesting to note that while uncertainty is often viewed negatively and we seek to reduce it, many people express personal reluctance about getting to know with certainty what will occur in their lives in the future. Categorization of uncertainty is somewhat controversial. The labels “aleatory” and “epistemic” often appear, but their significance is debated (Der Kiureghian and Ditlevsen 2009). These notes adopt the pragmatic approach that categorization is useful when it has a practical implication. In this case, the implication is that uncertainty is either reducible or not. In other words, the labels are embraced for the purpose of distinguishing between the uncertainty that can be reduced by human intervention and that which cannot. This renders possible engineering decisions to allocate resources to reduce the uncertainty before making design decisions. To this end, the two categories of uncertainty are described in the next two subsections. Aleatory Uncertainty Aleatory uncertainty is irreducible. The only way to avoid this uncertainty is to change the nature of the phenomenon under consideration. Philosophically, the presence of this type of uncertainty is debated. One may question whether anything is inherently uncertain. In other words, it may be argued that it our models that poorly reflect reality. The discussion of Laplace’s demon and Heisberg’s uncertainty principle provides the extreme contrasts for this discussion. However, regardless of philosophy, in engineering practice the notion that all uncertainty could be removed belongs to utopia. In short, irreducible uncertainty is unavoidable in engineering.
Prevalence and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium isolates from pet lizards and snakes in Italy

In order to acquire prevalence and genetic data on Cryptosporidium infections in captive lizards and snakes kept as pets, a survey was conducted on 150 individual reptiles from southern Italy. Fecal samples were preserved in 5% formalin and analyzed using a commercial immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. IFA revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in nine of the 150 samples examined (6.0%), precisely in 6/125 snakes (4.8%) and in 3/25 lizards (12.0%); all fecal samples tested negative for the presence of Giardia cysts. Molecular characterization based on nested PCR amplification and sequencing of the SSU-rRNA gene, revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium serpentis in three samples from snakes (Boa constrictor constrictor, Elapheguttata guttata guttata and Python molurus).
Modelling and PID controller design for a quadrotor unmanned air vehicle

This paper presents the modelling of a four rotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned air vehicle known as the quadrotor aircraft. The paper presents a new model design method for the flight control of an autonomous quad rotor. The paper describes the controller architecture for the quadrotor as well. The dynamic model of the quad-rotor, which is an under actuated aircraft with fixed four pitch angle rotors, will be described. The Modeling of a quadrotor vehicle is not an easy task because of its complex structure. The aim is to develop a model of the vehicle as realistic as possible. The model is used to design a stable and accurate controller. This paper explains the developments of a PID (proportionalintegral-derivative) control method to obtain stability in flying the Quad-rotor flying object. The model has four input forces which are basically the thrust provided by each propeller connected to each rotor with fixed angle. Forward (backward) motion is maintained by increasing (decreasing) speed of front (rear) rotor speed while decreasing (increasing) rear (front) rotor speed simultaneously which means changing the pitch angle. Left and right motion is accomplished by changing roll angle by the same way. The front and rear motors rotate counter-clockwise while other motors rotate clockwise so that the yaw command is derived by increasing (decreasing) counter-clockwise motors speed while decreasing (increasing) clockwise motor speeds.
Self-regulatory mechanisms in the evaluation of arts : the influence of regulatory focus and psychological distance on attitudes

The present project examines how self-regulatory mechanisms, namely regulatory foci (Higgins, 1997), affect attitudes towards conventional versus unconventional art. Conventional artworks (e.g., Mona Lisa by da Vinci) correspond to a traditional concept of art and are characterized by great artistic mastery. Unconventional artworks (e.g., Fountain by Duchamp), instead, are associated with a widening of the traditional concept of art, which makes it sometimes difficult to regard them as such. Based on findings from empirical aesthetics (Leder et al., 2004) and regulatory focus theory (Higgins, 1997) it is assumed that a prevention focus leads to more favorable attitudes towards conventional artworks compared to a promotion focus, whereas for unconventional artworks the reverse should be true. Given that a prevention focus bolsters a concrete processing mode and a promotion focus reinforces an abstract processing mode (Forster & Higgins, 2005), it is assumed that the influence of regulatory focus on aesthetic appreciation is due to a difference in processing modes. Consistent with our hypothesis we found the suggested interaction pattern for typicality (Study 1), behavioral (Study 2), and liking ratings (Study 3) and for objects other than art (Study 4). It was further demonstrated (Studies 3 and 4) that the influence of regulatory focus on affective as well as on behavioral measures is mediated by typicality estimates, thereby showing that regulatory foci affect aesthetic appreciation by their impact on categorical processing (Martindale, 1988). In Study 5 it was demonstrated that another manipulation for processing modes, namely psychological distance (Liberman & Trope, 1998), leads to the same results as varying regulatory focus, which supports the hypothesis that processing modes might have mediated the effects. The results are discussed in the context of empirical aesthetics and regulatory focus literature and future lines of research are elaborated.
Surface Reconstruction for Particle Simulation Using Level Set Method

A particle-based method is one of the most commonly used methods for fluid simulations. It has certain advantages over other fluid simulation methods; for example, it is easy to simulate irregular and complex fluid motion with topological changes. However, the surface reconstruction for particles remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a surface reconstruction method for moving particles whose motion data are given by a particle-based simulation method. Our method utilizes a level set method to reconstruct a surface because the level set method enables the surface to change its topology free according to the irregular arrangement of particles. Moving particles' data such as positions and velocities given by a gridless particle-based method are effectively used in the level set method executed on a grid space. As a result, a suitable surface is reconstructed so as to follow the moving particles with topological changes. Besides, our method makes isolated splash particles to appropriately contribute to the surface reconstruction. Some experimental results show the useful performance of our method.
Series Population Aging Research Center 7-1-2006 Regret , Pride , and the Disposition Effect

We develop a dynamic portfolio choice model which incorporates anticipated regret and pride in individual’s preferences and show that those preferences can cause investors to sell winning stocks and hold on to losing stocks; that is, anticipating regret and pride can help explain the disposition effect. ∗Muermann and Volkman: The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6218, USA, email: muermann@wharton.upenn. edu — jvolkman@wharton.upenn. edu. Muermann gratefully acknowledges financial support of the National Institutes of Health — National Institute on Aging, Grant number P30 AG12836, the Boettner Center for Pensions and Retirement Security at the University of Pennsylvania, and National Institutes of Health — National Institute of Child Health and Development Population Research Infrastructure Program R24 HD-044964, all at the University of Pennsylvania.
Fundamental studies of helical-type seawater MHD generation system

A new MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) generator based on electromotive force using seawater, that is, a helical-type seawater MHD generator with a 7 T solenoid superconducting magnet, is designed, constructed and tested. The constructed generator contains a helical insulation wall made of polyvinyl chloride 140 mm long and 100 mm in diameter, an anode rod made of SUS316 1350 mm long and 10 mm in diameter, and a cathode pipe made of SUS316 260 mm long and 100 mm in diameter. In the experiment, electromotive force and generator output are measured in terms of average flow velocity (0-5.6 m/s) and magnetic field (0-7 T) using artificial seawater (3.4% NaCl aqueous solution). As a result of the experiment, it was found that the electromotive force increases proportionally to average flow velocity and magnetic field, and that the generator output increases quadratically to average flow velocity and magnetic field over certain points. Experimental values are discussed by comparing the theoretical values and computed values.
The music materials in early childhood education: A descriptive study in Galicia (Spain)

Here we present the main findings of a study conducted at the Department of Teaching and School Organization of the University of Santiago de Compostela to explore the perceptions of teachers regarding didactic and music materials used and produced to facilitate teaching in early childhood education. This descriptive and interpretative study involved questionnaires sent to a sample of 560 early childhood teachers in public, private, private subsidized, and unitary schools in Galicia. In addition, interviews were conducted to better understand the questionnaire findings. A number of recommendations are included regarding measures to be taken by institutions and professionals involved in the process of design, selection, and use of didactic materials reflecting the analyses and opinions of the teachers in our study. Attention has been given to the comparative analysis of our findings with those in other studies carried out in Galicia and Spain over the past 10 years.
Research on Peer Selection in Peer-to-Peer Networks using Ant Colony Optimization

This paper presents a novel peer selection model named ant peer selection (AntPS) to prevent selecting malicious or selfish peers as service providers in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. We created two pheromone tables named resource similarity pheromone table and trust similarity pheromone table for every peer in the system. When a peer produces some request messages, a new ant called forward ant (fant) is created at the same time. It is the fant's task to select which peer is the most suitable server based on the pheromone remained on the path. A new ant called backward ant (bant) will be created when fant finds some useful resources. Bant will update all the two pheromone tables on its way back. We simulated the new peer selection mechanism on the query cycle simulator. After the simulation, we made a comparison among our model and three other known models, i.e., flooding, top-k and eigentrust. From three aspects of the comparison, we made a conclusion that our model seems better than the others, and the performance is excellent.
Skeletal muscle resists stretch by rapid binding of the second motor domain of myosin to actin

A shortening muscle is a machine that converts metabolic energy into mechanical work, but, when a muscle is stretched, it acts as a brake, generating a high resistive force at low metabolic cost. The braking action of muscle can be activated with remarkable speed, as when the leg extensor muscles rapidly decelerate the body at the end of a jump. Here we used time-resolved x-ray and mechanical measurements on isolated muscle cells to elucidate the molecular basis of muscle braking and its rapid control. We show that a stretch of only 5 nm between each overlapping set of myosin and actin filaments in a muscle sarcomere is sufficient to double the number of myosin motors attached to actin within a few milliseconds. Each myosin molecule has two motor domains, only one of which is attached to actin during shortening or activation at constant length. A stretch strains the attached motor domain, and we propose that combined steric and mechanical coupling between the two domains promotes attachment of the second motor domain. This mechanism allows skeletal muscle to resist external stretch without increasing the force per motor and provides an answer to the longstanding question of the functional role of the dimeric structure of muscle myosin.
Regression Models with Interval Censoring

In this paper we discuss estimation in semiparametric regression models with interval censoring, with emphasis on estimation of the regression parameter . The first section surveys some of the existing literature concerning these models and the various existing approaches to estimation, including a selected subset of the enormous literature on the binary choice model used in econometrics. In section 2 we calculate ecient score functions and information bounds for the regression parameter in the linear regression model with interval censoring, the binary choice model, and the Cox model with interval censoring. Profile likelihood approaches to maximum likelihood estimates are discussed and reviewed in section 3, and profile likelihod is used in section 4 to discuss maximum likelihood estimation for the linear regression model with interval censoring, and some of the remaining problems.
A new SIMD-based FDTD Meshing algorithm used for FDTD simulation of aircraft platform

A ray-tracing based FDTD Meshing algorithm, combined with SIMD technique is propose for FDTD simulation of aircraft platform in this paper. During the implementation of such technique, the original ray-tracing formulation is changed into the vector operation form. The proposed algorithm is then applied for constructing the FDTD mesh for an aircraft model. It is shown that such new SIMD can achieve high acceleration ratio up to 40%, and with its implementation, the electrical field distribution on the surface of an aircraft platform is predicted accurately.
Applications of Automated Facial Coding in Media Measurement

Facial coding has become a common tool in media measurement, with large companies (e.g., Unilever) using it to test all of their new video ad content. Facial reactions capture the in-the-moment response of an individual and these data complement self-report measures. Two advancements in affective computing have made measurement possible at scale: 1) computer vision algorithms are used to automatically code sign and message judgments based on facial muscle movements, 2) video data are collected by recording responses in everyday environments via the viewer's own webcam over the Internet. We present results of online facial coding studies of video ads, movie trailers, political content, and long-form TV shows. We explain how these data can be used in market research. Despite the ability to measure facial behavior in a scalable and quantifiable way, the interpretation of these data is still challenging without baselines and comparative measures. Over the past four years we have collected and coded over two million responses to everyday media content. Our huge dataset allows us to calculate reliable normative distributions of responses across different media types. We present these data and argue that this provides a context within which to interpret facial responses more accurately.
Modeling linkage and association with evaluation of common sampling schemes

The probability model of parental transmission (of a multiallelic marker) to affected offspring has been reparameterized in such a way as to distinguish the recombination fraction parameter from the association parameters. The advantage of this reparameterization is that statistical tests can be developed which disentangle linkage and association. It is shown that these tests perform well compared with a standard approach that is commonly used. Further, the simulated data (Problem 2) enable a comparison to be made of the performance of these tests under different family sampling schemes.
Guidelines for Reporting Non-Randomised Studies

Non-randomised studies (NRSs) are useful because they allow interventions to be evaluated that are difficult to investigate by randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, NRSs are more susceptible to bias. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was established to ensure that researchers report features of RCTs that must be considered when appraising their quality. CONSORT has improved the reporting of key information, highlighting missing key information for users. Researchers have a responsibility to report essential information that allows users to assess the susceptibility of NRS to selection, performance, detection and attrition bias. This paper considers criteria for reporting cohort studies: the rationale behind the CONSORT criteria for reporting of RCTs will be applied to cohort studies. Many of the criteria need no modification but application of others raise difficult issues for cohort studies, e.g.: description and standardisation of control and intervention treatments; description of the method of allocation; choice of prognostic factors to be collected; distinguishing between intended and provided treatments; collection of data on adverse and longterm outcomes; establishing a priori plans for analysis.
AAM derived face representations for robust facial action recognition

In this paper, we present results on experiments employing active appearance model (AAM) derived facial representations, for the task of facial action recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the benefit of AAM-derived representations on a spontaneous AU database containing "real-world" variation. Additionally, we explore a number of normalization methods for these representations which increase facial action recognition performance
An intelligent assistant for navigation of visually impaired people

This paper presents the navigation methodology employed by an intelligent assistant (agent) for people with disabilities. In particular, the intelligent assistant, called Tyflos, would help a visually impaired user to be partially independent and able to walk and work in a 3D dynamic environment. The Tyflos system carries two vision cameras and captures images from the surrounding 3D environment, either by the user's command or in a continuous mode (video), then it converts these images into verbal descriptions for each image into a verbal communication with the user. In other words the system plays the role of human assistant, who describes to the user the 3D visual environment.
Using Network Calculus to compute end-to-end delays in SpaceWire networks

The SpaceWire network standard is promoted by the ESA and is scheduled to be used as the sole on-board network for future satellites. This network uses a wormhole routing mechanism that can lead to packet blocking in routers and consequently to variable end-to-end delays. As the network will be shared by real-time and non real-time traffic, network designers require a tool to check that temporal constraints are verified for all the critical messages. Network Calculus can be used for evaluating worst-case end-to-end delays. However, we first have to model SpaceWire components through the definition of service curves. In this paper, we propose a new Network Calculus element that we call the Wormhole Section. This element allows us to better model a wormhole network than the usual multiplexer and demultiplexer elements used in the context of usual Store-and-Forward networks.