Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online knowledge-based evolutionary multi-objective optimization

Knowledge extraction from a multi-objective optimization process has important implications including a better understanding of the optimization process and the relationship between decision variables. The extant approaches, in this respect, rely on processing the post-optimization Pareto sets for automatic rule discovery using statistical or machine learning methods. However such approaches fall short of providing any information during the progress of the optimization process, which can be critical for decision analysis especially if the problem is dynamic. In this paper, we present a multi-objective optimization framework that uses a knowledge-based representation to search for patterns of Pareto optimal design variables instead of conventional point form solution search. The framework facilitates the online discovery of knowledge during the optimization process in the form of interpretable rules. The core contributing idea of our research is that we apply multi-objective evolutionary process on a population of bounding hypervolumes, or rules, instead of evolving individual point-based solutions. The framework is generic in a sense that any existing multi-objective optimization algorithm can be adapted to evaluate the rule quality based on the sampled solutions from the bounded space. An instantiation of the framework using hyperrectangular representation and non-dominated sorting based rule evaluation is presented in this paper. Experimental results on a specifically designed test function as well as some standard test functions are presented to demonstrate the working and convergence properties of our algorithm.
Parental Divorce and First-Year Students' Transition to University: The Need to Include Baseline Data and Gender

This research examines parental divorce and first-year students' transition to university. Incoming students (N = 2,724) to six diverse universities completed questionnaires in August, before university, and again in November and March. Initial baseline measures indicated that females of divorced parents reported more depressive symptoms than females of intact families, whereas males of divorced parents reported lower levels of perceived stress than those of intact families. These findings remained over the first year. Regarding adjustment to university, males with divorced parents reported the best academic adjustment, and females with divorced parents were most vulnerable regarding personal-emotional adjustment.
Accounting for the ‘invisibility’ of the female paedophile: an expert-based perspective from South Africa

Female child sex offenders are, for the most part, invisible within the existing body of scholarly literature. Additionally, female child sexual offenders are met with disbelief by the public and there are rarely legal consequences for their actions. However, the few studies reporting on female child sexual interest reveal that up to a quarter of reported child sexual abuse cases may involve female perpetrators. This figure implies a discrepancy between the statistical presence of female offenders and their apparent absence as objects of research and public engagement. Taking this discrepancy as its starting point, this study explores perceptions of female child sex offenders with a focus on the paedophile as a possible subtype, by key South African professionals working in the field of child sexual abuse. This study found that the participants all held contradicting ideas and beliefs about such an offender's psychological profile and the appropriate legal consequences for female child sexual abuse perpetration. Significantly, the participants highlighted the relative absence of treatment and rehabilitation for female sexual offenders and paedophiles. These findings call for greater awareness of female child sex offenders and the specific type of female paedophile by scholars, mental health professionals and the public more broadly.
Coding and modulation techniques for high spectral efficiency transmission in 5G and satcom

Achieving high spectral efficiency is the key requirement of 5G and Satcom systems because it provides us with much lower cost per bit. In order to achieve high spectral efficiency, channel coding and modulation are the key part of the physical layer. Basically, high spectral efficiency can be achieved when adopting a high order modulation and low code rate at a high SNR. However, the transmit power is limited in practical wireless communication systems. The high order modulation and low code rate is restrictively used. Thus, the integrated version of 5G and Satcom needs a new type of channel coding scheme. In this paper, we look into 5G requirements and Satcom's role in 5G, review candidate error correction coding schemes for 5G and future Satcom in terms of spectral efficiency, and evaluate the performance of the candidate error correction codes.
Signals, Regulatory Networks, and Materials That Build and Break Bacterial Biofilms

SUMMARY Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. Biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. Our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. Here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling pathways that regulate biofilm formation, the components of the biofilm matrix, and the mechanisms and regulation of biofilm dispersal.
An Improved Steganographic Technique Using LSB Replacement on a Scanned Path Image

Transfer of secret data is an important aspect in the arena of developing technology. Privacy of data is one of the major tasks required now days. In this paper, we dealt with steganographic method using randomly generated key along with raster scan, which may include horizontal or vertical pattern, access of image pixels in order to hide a plaintext in an image. The method deployed is also suitable for long plaintext insertion in order to have no visible change in the original image. The process of scanning the image pixels strengthens the security level of the plaintext to be inserted. Optimal Pixel Adjustment Process (OPAP) is applied to the procured stegoimage in order to enhance the image quality.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Mucosal Biopsy versus Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in Barrett's Esophagus and Related Superficial Lesions

Background. Endoscopic surveillance for early detection of dysplastic or neoplastic changes in patients with Barrett's esophagus (BE) depends usually on biopsy. The diagnostic and therapeutic role of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in BE is rapidly growing. Objective. The aim of this study was to check the accuracy of biopsy for precise histopathologic diagnosis of dysplasia and neoplasia, compared to EMR in patients having BE and related superficial esophageal lesions. Methods. A total of 48 patients with previously diagnosed BE (36 men, 12 women, mean age 49.75 ± 13.3 years) underwent routine surveillance endoscopic examination. Biopsies were taken from superficial lesions, if present, and otherwise from BE segments. Then, EMR was performed within three weeks. Results. Biopsy based histopathologic diagnoses were nondysplastic BE (NDBE), 22 cases; low-grade dysplasia (LGD), 14 cases; high-grade dysplasia (HGD), 8 cases; intramucosal carcinoma (IMC), two cases; and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC), two cases. EMR based diagnosis differed from biopsy based diagnosis (either upgrading or downgrading) in 20 cases (41.67%), (Kappa = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.170–0.69). Conclusions. Biopsy is not a satisfactory method for accurate diagnosis of dysplastic or neoplastic changes in BE patients with or without suspicious superficial lesions. EMR should therefore be the preferred diagnostic method in such patients.
Olfactory Transduction and Taste Processing in Drosophila

The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Abstract We completed two separate studies examining chemosensation in Drosophila. The first study investigated taste processing. It was our aim in this study to identify and characterize higher-order gustatory neurons. Our strategy for tackling this problem involved complementary functional and anatomical approaches. First, we used calcium imaging to screen for cells responding to stimulation of gustatory receptor neurons. Second, we used photo-activatable GFP to localize the cell bodies of neurons innervating the gustatory neuropil. Third, based on the information we gained from these imaging experiments, we were able to identify some promising Gal4 lines that labeled candidate gustatory neurons. Fourth and finally, we made whole-cell patch clamp recordings from these candidate gustatory neurons while stimulating the proboscis with tastants. Unfortunately, none of these candidates turned out to be gustatory neurons. However, this study illustrates a flexible and powerful general approach to identifying and characterizing sensory neurons in the Drosophila brain. The second study investigated olfactory transduction. Specifically, we examined the effect of air speed on olfactory receptor neuron responses (ORNs) in Drosophila. We constructed an odor delivery device that allowed us to independently vary concentration and air speed, and we used a fast photoionization detector to precisely measure the actual odor concentration at the antenna while simultaneously recording spikes from ORNs in vivo. Our results demonstrate that Drosophila ORN odor responses are invariant to air speed, as long as odor concentration is kept constant. This finding was true across a iv >100-fold range of air speeds. Because odor hydrophobicity has been proposed to affect the air speed dependence of olfactory transduction, we tested a >1,000-fold range of hydrophobicity values, and found that ORN responses are invariant to air speed across this full range. These results have implications for the mechanisms of odor delivery to Drosophila ORNs. Our findings are also significant because flies have a limited ability to control air flow across their antennae, unlike terrestrial vertebrates which can control air flow within their nasal cavity. Thus, for the fly, invariance to air speed may be adaptive because it confers robustness to changing wind conditions. Abstract iii Table of Contents v List of Figures vi Acknowledgements vii CHAPTER 1: General Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2: Searching for central gustatory neurons in Drosophila 3 Introduction 3 Methods 9 Results 14 Calcium imaging 15 …
Robustness and Generalization of Role Sets: PropBank vs. VerbNet

This paper presents an empirical study on the robustness and generalization of two alternative role sets for semantic role labeling: PropBank numbered roles and VerbNet thematic roles. By testing a state–of–the–art SRL system with the two alternative role annotations, we show that the PropBank role set is more robust to the lack of verb–specific semantic information and generalizes better to infrequent and unseen predicates. Keeping in mind that thematic roles are better for application needs, we also tested the best way to generate VerbNet annotation. We conclude that tagging first PropBank roles and mapping into VerbNet roles is as effective as training and tagging directly on VerbNet, and more robust for domain shifts.
Partition of aerobic and anaerobic swimming costs related to gait transitions in a labriform swimmer

SUMMARY Members of the family Embiotocidae exhibit a distinct gait transition from exclusively pectoral fin oscillation to combined pectoral and caudal fin propulsion with increasing swimming speed. The pectoral–caudal gait transition occurs at a threshold speed termed Up–c. The objective of this study was to partition aerobic and anaerobic swimming costs at speeds below and above the Up–c in the striped surfperch Embiotoca lateralis using swimming respirometry and video analysis to test the hypothesis that the gait transition marks the switch from aerobic to anaerobic power output. Exercise oxygen consumption rate was measured at 1.4, 1.9 and 2.3 L s–1. The presence and magnitude of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) were evaluated after each swimming speed. The data demonstrated that 1.4 L s–1 was below the Up–c, whereas 1.9 and 2.3 L s–1 were above the Up–c. These last two swimming speeds included caudal fin propulsion in a mostly steady and unsteady (burst-assisted) mode, respectively. There was no evidence of EPOC after swimming at 1.4 and 1.9 L s–1, indicating that the pectoral–caudal gait transition was not a threshold for anaerobic metabolism. At 2.3 L s–1, E. lateralis switched to an unsteady burst and flap gait. This swimming speed resulted in EPOC, suggesting that anaerobic metabolism constituted 25% of the total costs. Burst activity correlated positively with the magnitude of the EPOC. Collectively, these data indicate that steady axial propulsion does not lead to EPOC whereas transition to burst-assisted swimming above Up–c is associated with anaerobic metabolism in this labriform swimmer.
Duration of post-traumatic amnesia after mild head injury

abstract Sixty-seven adult males with minor head injury were examined soon after arrival at hospital. Orientation and post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) were assessed every 15 minutes until the patient was discharged, and the sequence and times of events after the accident recorded. Five matched groups were formed and duration of PTA checked at intervals ranging from one week to three months after injury. Distributions of PTA estimates were significantly different from final PTA estimates made before the patient left hospital, but this was independent of the time when the follow-up was made. Thirty-six subjects were questioned a second time after they had recovered. Changed estimates were recorded in four of these cases, but again the change was not related to the length of time between the two interviews. “Islands” of memory were recorded in the early part of the amnesia in more than one third of the cases. No significant correlation was found between the period of disorientation and the period of PTA.
On the Dynamic Selection of Biometric Fusion Algorithms

Biometric fusion consolidates the output of multiple biometric classifiers to render a decision about the identity of an individual. We consider the problem of designing a fusion scheme when 1) the number of training samples is limited, thereby affecting the use of a purely density-based scheme and the likelihood ratio test statistic; 2) the output of multiple matchers yields conflicting results; and 3) the use of a single fusion rule may not be practical due to the diversity of scenarios encountered in the probe dataset. To address these issues, a dynamic reconciliation scheme for fusion rule selection is proposed. In this regard, the contribution of this paper is two-fold: 1) the design of a sequential fusion technique that uses the likelihood ratio test-statistic in conjunction with a support vector machine classifier to account for errors in the former; and 2) the design of a dynamic selection algorithm that unifies the constituent classifiers and fusion schemes in order to optimize both verification accuracy and computational cost. The case study in multiclassifier face recognition suggests that the proposed algorithm can address the issues listed above. Indeed, it is observed that the proposed method performs well even in the presence of confounding covariate factors thereby indicating its potential for large-scale face recognition.
Finger-Vein Authentication Based on Wide Line Detector and Pattern Normalization

In the finger-vein authentication, there are two problems in practice. One is that the quality of the vein image will be reduced under bad environment conditions; the other is the irregular distortion of the image caused by the variance of the finger poses. Both problems raise the error ratios. In this paper, we introduced a wide line detector for feature extraction, which can obtain precise width information of the vein and increase the information of the extracted feature from low quality image. We also developed a new pattern normalization model based on a hypothesis that the finger’s cross-sections are approximately ellipses and the vein that can be imaged is close to the finger surface. It can effectively reduce the distortion caused by the pose. In our experiment based on a database containing 50,700 images, our method shows advantages on dealing with the low quality data collected from the practical personal authentication system.
Dichlorido(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)gold(III) tetrachloridoaurate(III)

In the cation of the title compound, [AuCl2(C24H16N2)][AuCl4], the AuIII atom is four-coordinated in a distorted square-planar configuration by two N atoms from a 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two terminal Cl atoms. In the anion, the AuIII atom has a square-planar coordination. In the crystal structure, intra- and intermolecular C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are found.
Delayed graft function: risk factors and implications for renal allograft survival.

Delayed graft function (DGF) may be associated with diminished kidney allograft survival. We studied the risk factors that lead to nonimmediate function of a renal allograft and the consequences of DGF on short- and long-term renal transplant survival. Data from the U.S. Renal Data System were used to measure the relationships among cold ischemia time, delayed graft function, acute rejection, and graft survival in 37,216 primary cadaveric renal transplants (1985-1992). These relationships were investigated using the unconditional logistic and Cox multivariate regression methods. Cold ischemia time was strongly associated with DGF, with a 23% increase in the risk of DGF for every 6 hr of cold ischemia (P<0.001). Acute transplant rejection occurred more frequently in grafts with delayed function (37% vs. 20%; odds ratio=2.25, P=0.001). DGF was independently predictive of 5-year graft loss (relative risk=1.53, P<0.001). The presence of both early acute rejection and DGF portended a dismal 5-year graft survival rate of 35%. Zero-HLA mismatch conferred a 10-15% improvement in 1- and 5-year graft survival regardless of early functional status of the allograft. However, the 5-year graft survival rate in HLA-mismatched kidneys without DGF was significantly higher than that of zero-mismatched kidneys with DGF (63% vs. 51%; P<0.001). DGF independently portends a significant reduction in short- and long-term graft survival. Delayed function and early rejection episodes exerted an additive adverse effect on allograft survival. The deleterious impact of delayed function is comparatively more severe than that of poor HLA matching.
Optimal Control-Based Neurocontroller for Crop Growth in Greenhouse

In this paper, a neuro-dynamic programming-based optimal controller is proposed to drive the crop development in greenhouse systems. The neurocontroller drives the crop growth development by minimizing a predefined cost function, which considers the greenhouse operational costs and the final state errors under physical constraints on process variables and actuator signals. In particular, the neurocontroller is applied to manage the tomato seedling development through control of the greenhouse microclimate. In the neurocontroller design process, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the crop-greenhouse system and data from the climate in Tulum Valley, Argentina, in July 1999, are considered. The control law obtained is suboptimal due to the use of neural networks to approximate the optimal cost-to-go function. In order to show the practical feasibility and performance of the proposed neurocontroller, simulation studies were carried out for the tomato seedling development
Spatial Patterning of Middle Paleolithic Sites

Abstract Spatial analysis of ancient paleolithic sites usually involves analyzing the distribution of artifacts or bones on a hypothetical "living floor. " From these distributions archaeologists look for "structures. " They typically find at least two different types of structure. Concrete or visually obvious examples, such as fireplaces or huts, and more abstract (nonobvious) structures, those that are created through analysis. Once these structures have been identified and described, archaeologists possess a great deal of data that allow them to speak about lifeways, behavior, human group organization in small domestic units, etc. Often, papers are concluded at this point, and several hypotheses about site functions are proposed. Analysis of the spatial patterns of artifacts, for example, often leads to anthropological and ethnographic styles of interpretation. In this article we show that most properly analyzed Middle Paleolithic sites are reconstructible as palimpsests, strongly suggesting that small groups commonly returned to the same locations through many generations, perhaps over more than a hundred years. In the case of these sites, examining spatial patterning is a way to study behavior diachronically rather than the organization and use of space synchronically.
Variation in the net benefit of aggressive cardiovascular risk factor control across the US population of patients with diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, to our knowledge, previous studies have not assessed variability in both the benefit and harm from pursuing LDL-C and BP target levels. METHODS Our sample comprised individuals 30 to 75 years old with DM participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. We used Monte Carlo methods to simulate a treat-to-target strategy, in which patients underwent treatment intensification with the goal of achieving LDL-C and BP target levels of 100 mg/dL and 130/80 mm Hg, respectively. Patients received up to 5 titrations of statin therapy and 8 titrations of antihypertensive therapy. Treatment adverse effects and polypharmacy risks and burdens were incorporated using disutilities. Health outcomes were simulated using a Markov model. RESULTS Treating to targets resulted in gains of 1.50 (for LDL-C) and 1.35 (for BP) quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of lifetime treatment-related benefit, which declined to 1.42 and 1.16 QALYs after accounting for treatment-related harms. Most of the total benefit was limited to the first few steps of medication intensification or to tight control for a limited group of very high-risk patients. However, because of treatment-related disutility, intensifying beyond the first step (LDL-C) or third step (BP) resulted in either limited benefit or net harm for patients with below-average risk. CONCLUSION The benefits and harms from aggressive risk factor modification vary widely across the US population of individuals with DM, depending on a patient's underlying CVD risk, suggesting that a personalized approach could maximize a patient's net benefit from treatment.