Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive TimeStep Control for Nonlinear Fluid-Structure Interaction

In this work, we consider time step control for variational-monolithic fluid-structure interaction. The fluid-structure interaction (FSI) system is based on the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach and couples the incompressible NavierStokes equations with geometrically nonlinear elasticity resulting in a nonlinear PDE system. Based on the monolithic setting, we develop algorithms for temporal adaptivity that are based on a rigorous derivation of dual-weighted sensitivity measures and heuristic truncation-based time step control. The Fractional-Step-theta scheme is the underlying time-stepping method. In order to apply the dual-weighted residual method to our setting, a Galerkin interpretation of the Fractional-Step-theta scheme must be considered. All developments are substantiated with several numerical tests, namely FSI-benchmarks, including appropriate extensions, and a flapping membrane example.
Efficiency Analysis of WiFi Offloading Techniques

WiFi offloading is a promising technique for addressing the mobile data explosion problem. In this paper, we consider two types of WiFi offloading techniques: 1) opportunistic WiFi offloading, where data offloading is conducted only when a mobile node opportunistically meets WiFi access points (APs); and 2) delayed WiFi offloading, where data transfer is delayed with the expectation of future AP contacts. We developed analytical models on WiFi offloading efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of the amount of offloaded data to the total amount of data. Extensive simulation results are given to validate the analytical models and to demonstrate the effects of the average cellular residence time, the delay bound, the variability of the WiFi residence time, the WiFi data rate, and the average session duration on WiFi offloading efficiency.
SEISMIC-ENVIRONMENT-BASED SIMULATION OF NEAR-FAULT GROUND MOTIONS

The critical structural response caused by near-fault ground motions is often influenced by the presence of a velocity pulse in the fault-normal component. This paper describes a procedure for simulating faultnormal near-fault ground motions for a specified seismic environment (i.e., the magnitude, distance and faulting mechanism of an earthquake and the soil conditions at the site). The proposed ground motion velocity model is defined by a number of parameters that, for a specified near-fault record, are determined by a nonlinear regression. This paper derives predictive relationships for these parameters based on the seismic environment of a site using results obtained from a series of regression analyses performed on an ensemble of recorded fault-normal near-fault ground motions. The ability and limitations of the proposed simulation procedure for structural analysis and design are evaluated by comparing the displacement demands in linear and nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom systems caused by the ensemble of recorded ground motions and their simulations. The results of these analyses indicate that, on average, the simulated and recorded responses agree at periods greater than 1.5s; however, at shorter periods, discrepancies as large as 20% are observed.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN A SIMULATED AND A REAL MOBILE ROBOT PATH TRACKING APPLICATION USING V-REP

The focus of this work is the validation of the Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform, V-REP, as a reliable and resourceful simulator for robotics applications. For this purpose, a simulated and a real mobile robot path tracking application are compared under the same conditions. A genetic path planning algorithm is used for generating the reference path for the mobile robot. A kinematic controller was implemented using Kanayma’s method. Simulated and experimental results are shown using a mobile robot e-Puck and the high precision Vicon camera system. Keywords— Mobile robots, Robots control, Path planning, Simulation.
Automatic singing evaluating system based on acoustic features and rhythm

This paper proposes an automatic singing evaluation system. The system provides the user with the score that was assessed by acoustic features and the rhythmic similarity between the original song and the user input. The assessment system is divided into two stages. In the first stage, acoustic similarities are measured by dynamic time warping (DTW). In the second stage, the rhythmic similarity is measured by analysing the optimal path of DTW by quadratic polynomial regression. Finally, the similarity of two stages is combined into one score by corresponding weights. The experimental results show the good performance for the automatic singing evaluation system.
Land cover, surface temperature and leaf area index maps from satellites used for the aggregation of momentum and temperature roughnesses

A new concept for aggregation (area-averaging) of the roughness lenghts for the momentum and sensible heat flux is described. The result are the so-called effective roughness values that are useful for the calculation of the surface energy balance and surface fluxes at larger scales e.g. in climate models, weather forecasts and hydrological modelling in heterogeneous landscapes. Typically a ratio between the momentum roughness, z0, and temperature roughness, z0t, of the order of 1 or 10 is assumed. In the current work the roughnesses are directly calculated based on a set of linearized atmospheric flow equations. The equations are solved by Fast Fourier Transforms and iteratively solved in regard to stability (Monin-Obukhov similarity scaling), viscous sub-layer resistance and water roughness (Charnock). The microscale model calculates the area-average of <z0> and <z0t> for each large grid cell containing a number of local microscale patches of the size order of 30-1000 m. At this horizontal length scale the non-linear advective effects are highly significant. The results from a case study in the Alpilles area in France are presented. The model inputs are surface temperature maps, leaf area index maps and land cover maps based on high-resolution optical satellite or airborne scenes. The local roughness length for momentum is assigned per pixel based on land cover type and vegetation height. For bare soil, water and urban area there is a constant ratio between the local values of z0 and z0t but in vegetated areas the ratio is dependent upon vegetation type and leaf area index. Therefore <z0> and <z0t> are no longer proportional.
New Instrument for Neutrino Detection : Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Interaction Experiment ( CONNIE )

The capabilities and bases of a new instrument for neutrino detection using CCDs are presented. Improvements in the CCDs fabrication processes has allowed the development of devices with larger mass (from 1g to 10g are available nowadays), which together with other good features such as their extremely low energy threshold ( 7eV RMS) and their good spatial resolution (15um), makes them a perfect candidate for neutrinos detection. This new technique opens a new window in neutrino detection because it allows the construction of small size neutrino detectors where the reduction in the expected event rate because of the smaller volume is fully compensated by the detection of additional very low energy events. The article is intended to cover the mayor features of scientific CCDs, the relevant physics involved in the neutrino detection, and an explanation of the neutrino detection system being assembled at Fermilab, which is planned to be tested at the Angra Nuclear Power Plant in Brazil by the middle of the year (2013). The construnction, installation and running of a CCD system for detecting neutrinos is part of the CONNIE (Coherent Neutrino-Nucleus Experiment) experiment.
Construction and Usage of Three-dimensional Data for Road Structures Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and UAV with Photogrammetry

– In road maintenance, it is necessary to construct an environment that manages three-dimensional data and maintenance information for its effectivity and efficiency. The primary objective of this research is to support road maintenance work using three-dimensional data by combining point cloud data of terrestrial laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with photogrammetry. For on-site surveying, the limitations have been clarified. The first limitation is based on site circumstances. Passengers and cars use the road being surveyed during measurements. There are few berms and little space for setting a terrestrial laser scanning. In addition, locations where instruments can be placed are limited. It is difficult to perform the number of measurements necessary for acquiring point cloud data. The second limitation is the measurement range, given the specifications of the instrument functionality for pavement surveys. The experimental results indicate that the high-density measurement range is restricted to within an approximately 10-m radius. Based on these limitations, the upside of a slope or a landform is surveyed using a camera mounted on a UAV. Point cloud data for these objects are constructed using photographs with SfM technology. SfM data and terrestrial laser scanning data are combined because three-dimensional data for bridge sides and lower works cannot be constructed. To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional data, we compare the three-dimensional data with its design conditions. The inaccuracy for the bridge is an effective length of 12 mm and an effective width of 19 mm and the three-dimensional data describes the structure of the bridge with high accuracy. The three-dimensional data for the road structures could be used to develop a road maintenance management system that accumulates data and refers to the inspection results and repair information in three dimensions.
A Steiner Tree , Substitution Matrix Method for Reconstructing Phylogenetic Trees

Evolutionary theory implies that existing or extinct organisms are descended from a common ancestor. Hence, given a set of organisms, a phylogenetic tree can be reconstructed showing the evolutionary relationships between the biological organisms in the set. A commonly used method for the reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is the Distance Matrix (DM) method, which tends to be faster than the wellknown Maximum Parsimony (MP) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods. However, the disadvantages of DM are that it does not make the best use of all the information available from the input sequences, and it does not give any information on internal nodes (ancestors) in the trees, unlike MP and ML. This paper presents a mathematical framework for a new Steiner tree-based method of constructing phylogenetic trees. Our so called Sequence Steiner (SS) method overcomes the shortcomings of classical DM methods, whilst retaining their efficiency. We introduce decision variables in the form of edge-associated substitution frequency matrices and node-associated probability vectors to the DM optimisation model.
Connecting mesoscopic and macroscopic scale lengths for ultrasonic wave characterization of micro-cracked material

Macroscopic failure of material is attributed mostly to the initial presence of micro-cracks and micro-voids and is governed by physical mechanisms at different lengthscales. In order to include discontinuity mechanisms in the material deformation and its consequence on the energy dissipations during micro-crack kinetics, a theoretical model of micro-cracked continuum is derived in this paper. The model describes a micro-crack density in terms of CARTAN constants of structure and explicitly connects the macroscopic scale to the mesoscopic discontinuities. This approach contrasts to the usual method in continuum mechanics that seeks a phenomenological description by introducing an internal variable in the constitutive laws. An illustrative example of the model application is presented for the linear ultrasonic wave propagation test. The result highlights the importance of rigorously revisiting the dynamic equation in micro-cracked solid.
The Influence of Fatigue on EMG and Impact Acceleration in Running

This research was aimed at analyzing the effects of fatigue on the ability of the human musculoskeletal system to attenuate the heel strike generated shock waves and to correlate any existing changes in the EMG signal with other fatigue measures. Twenty-two healthy male subjects participated in this research. Each subject was instrumented with a light-weight accelerometer placed externally over the tibial tuberosity and half of the subjects also with two pairs of bipolar surface EMG electrodes placed over the quadriceps and gastrocnemius. The subjects ran on a treadmill for 30 min at a speed corresponding to their individual anaerobic threshold level and the acceleration and EMG data were sampled. Fatigue was monitored by the respiratory end-tidal CO2 pressure. The obtained results show that whenever general fatigue occurred, the amplitude of acceleration signal steadily increased. However, in both the time and frequency domains, EMG did not correlate with fatigue. Thus, one may conclude that when fatigued, the human musculoskeletal system becomes less capable of handling the heel strike induced shock acceleration.
Local generation of internal solitary waves in an oceanic pycnocline

Oceanic observations have provided evidence of the generation of internal solitary waves due to an internal tidal beam impinging on a seasonal pycnocline from below, a process referred to as local generation. We shall present the first direct numerical simulations of such a generation process with a fully nonlinear non-hydrostatic model (MITgcm) for an idealised twodimensional configuration. The forcing mechanism is a simple resonance so that, for a mode-n wave to be generated in the pycnocline, the horizontal phase speed of the beam has to match the phase velocity of that mode. This mode next evolves into an internal solitary wave. We shall provide examples of internal solitary waves trapped in the pycnocline as first, second and third modes. This work has been done in collaboration with Theo Gerkema (NIOZ, NL). We shall also present two-dimensional numerical simulations of situations that are relevant for the Bay of Biscay in summer.
Hierarchical Clustering Experiments for Application to Audio Event Detection

In previous work, it has been shown the feasibility of using an isolated sound effect corpus to train Audio Event Detectors (AED) for real life data. Thus, one can avoid the time-consuming task of manually annotating large amounts of movies, documentaries, TV shows or any other kind of data of interest. However, obtaining a quality sound effect corpus is still a tough task particularly when a large number of acoustic events is considered. In this case, unsupervised techniques able to classify semantic concepts can be very useful to avoid as much as possible the need for listening to the audio samples. In this paper, preliminary experiments involving hierarchical clustering of sound patterns are described. Both intraand interconcept clusterings have been carried out, at pattern level and at concept level by using means and variances of the set of selected features. Parameters of single mixture Gaussian models have also been used to identify audio concept similarities. Clusters of concepts with strong similarities between them have been obtained, both from the perceptual point of view and the semantic point of view. Additionally, these results are planned to be used to design an AED system that would have a hierarchical architecture.
Applying Augmented Reality Technique to Support On-site Rebar Inspection

– Rebar inspection plays an essential role during construction phases to assure the safety of the construction. Usually, inspectors use 2D drawings and tape measures to inspect rebars. However, the effectiveness of the inspection is greatly hindered by indirect three-dimensional information in 2D drawings and visual obstruction of measuring by rebars, especially when the structural elements become more complicated. To address these issues, this paper proposes an Augmented Reality (AR) approach to assist rebar inspection, which includes a framework of inspecting rebars with AR models. An experiment on stirrup inspection is conducted to evaluate the benefits of the AR approach by comparing with the traditional method. The result of the experiment indicates that the AR approach takes shorter time for inspection but with less precision.
Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Lingual Coarticulation in /kl/ Sequences: A Cross-Linguistic Investigation

Temporal and spatial aspects of lingual coarticulation in /kl/ clusters in intervocalic position (VklV) were investigated in six European languages: Catalan, English, French, German, Italian, and Swedish. Three speakers of each language repeated a set of real words and nonsense items five times. Temporal overlap of /k/ and /l/ gestures, as represented by a numerical “overlap index”, was interpreted as tongue-tip/tongue-body coarticulation, and was measured from electropalatographic and airflow records. Results revealed several language-specific features. For example, the tendency to overlap was different for the six languages. All the languages except Swedish showed some instances of overlap, and Catalan showed the strongest tendency. The vowel environment also had a significant effect: The presence of an open back vowel in V1 and V2 positions increased the tendency for overlap to occur. However, there was no statistically significant difference in overlap between nonsense and real words. Spatial information from EPG data showed that articulatory placement of the tongue-body gesture was more retracted in a /kl/ cluster compared to a singleton consonant. All the languages under investigation showed this phenomenon. These findings are discussed in terms of possible constraints operating between the tip/blade and tongue-body systems.
Randomized phase II neoadjuvant comparison between letrozole, anastrozole, and exemestane for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-rich stage 2 to 3 breast cancer: clinical and biomarker outcomes and predictive value of the baseline PAM50-based intrinsic subtype--ACOSOG Z1031.

PURPOSE Preoperative aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment promotes breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. To study this treatment option, responses to three AIs were compared in a randomized phase II neoadjuvant trial designed to select agents for phase III investigations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred seventy-seven postmenopausal women with clinical stage II to III ER-positive (Allred score 6-8) breast cancer were randomly assigned to receive neoadjuvant exemestane, letrozole, or anastrozole. The primary end point was clinical response. Secondary end points included BCS, Ki67 proliferation marker changes, the Preoperative Endocrine Prognostic Index (PEPI), and PAM50-based intrinsic subtype analysis. RESULTS On the basis of clinical response rates, letrozole and anastrozole were selected for further investigation; however, no other differences in surgical outcome, PEPI score, or Ki67 suppression were detected. The BCS rate for mastectomy-only patients at presentation was 51%. PAM50 analysis identified AI-unresponsive nonluminal subtypes (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enriched or basal-like) in 3.3% of patients. Clinical response and surgical outcomes were similar in luminal A (LumA) versus luminal B tumors; however, a PEPI of 0 (best prognostic group) was highest in the LumA subset (27.1% v 10.7%; P = .004). CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant AI treatment markedly improved surgical outcomes. Ki67 and PEPI data demonstrated that the three agents tested are biologically equivalent and therefore likely to have similar adjuvant activities. LumA tumors were more likely to have favorable biomarker characteristics after treatment; however, occasional paradoxical increases in Ki67 (12% of tumors with > 5% increase after therapy) suggest treatment-resistant cells, present in some LumA tumors, can be detected by post-treatment profiling.
In vitro and in vivo resistance of Leishmania infantum to meglumine antimoniate: a study of 37 strains collected from patients with visceral leishmaniasis

Primary and secondary unresponsiveness to meglumine has long been described in human visceral leishmaniasis. However, no studies have been performed to elucidate if these therapeutic failures were due to strain variability in meglumine sensitivity or were related to host factors. We have studied the in vitro sensitivity of 37 strains of Leishmania infantum isolated from 23 patients (11 human immunodeficiency virus-infected and 12 immunocompetent patients) with visceral leishmaniasis. Sensitivity tests were performed by infecting murine macrophages with Leishmania parasites and culturing them in medium containing different concentrations of meglumine. For each test we calculated a 50% effective dose (ED50) corresponding to the meglumine concentration at which 50% of the Leishmania parasites survived. In vitro results were strongly correlated to immediate clinical outcome. All strains requiring an ED50 of >70 microg/ml were related to therapeutic failures, whereas all strains requiring an ED50 of <40 microg/ml corresponded to an initial efficiency of meglumine. Among those patients who were initially improved, relapses occurred in all immunocompromised patients and in most immunocompetent patients who had a short duration of treatment (15 days). Finally, we found that in vitro sensitivity of strains decreased progressively in relapsing patients treated with meglumine. Consequently, the physician may be encouraged to alternate meglumine with other treatments such as amphotericin B or pentamidine, especially in the case of relapsing patients.
INVESTIGATION OF JACOBSEN ' S EQUIVALENT VISCOUS DAMPING APPROACH AS APPLIED TO DISPLACEMENT-BASED SEISMIC DESIGN

This paper discusses the approximation of the maximum displacement of nonlinear hysteretic systems through the use of an equivalent linear system with effective properties (i.e. reduced stiffness and equivalent viscous damping). Because of its simplicity in application, this concept has been widely utilized in the displacement-based seismic design procedure. This paper aims to investigate the accuracy and potential problems associated with the equivalent viscous damping concept as applied to direct displacement-based seismic design, and to suggest a modification to Jacobsen’s approach that is based on ground motion characteristics. The parameters considered include: Earthquake time history (reversal and fling-type events), hysteretic models ranging from origin centered systems to Takeda-type response systems. Results of the research indicate that the fundamental period of the ground motion is a critical variable in assessing the accuracy of the equivalent viscous damping concept. In general, results from nonlinear analysis conducted with regular sinusoidal events is excellent, which is expected given the assumptions of sinusoidal response in the equivalent viscous damping approach, however, results from real time histories indicate more scatter. Recommendations for the use of the equivalent viscous damping approach in direct displacement-based seismic design are presented for SDOF system based on the results of 100 earthquake records and 95,000 inelastic time history analyses.