Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MFS: A Lightweight Block-Level Local Mirror of Remote File System

Nowadays individual users often have more than one computing platform, such as traditional desktop, laptop computers, and mobile smartphones . More and more users store their data into remote file system and access them over network in every time , b ut user has to download the whole file before access ing one file , so user has the poor experience, especially access large file over wireless network. We have developed MFS, which is a lightweight client-side local mirror of remote file system. MFS mainly provides four mechanisms to solve the above problems. One mechanism is that MFS uses client-side file system based on disk as a persistent cache for files, and the capacity of the persistent cache is limited. The second mechanism is that MFS uses block-level granularity as the smallest unit of file access operations and transmission. The third mechanism is that taking event publish–subscribe pattern to keep files system consistent between user client and remote network file system server. The fourth mechanism is that taking different file consistency priority strategies for different types of files. All files will be stored on cloud or remote file system, but only some files which are often accessed recently will be stored on user persistent disk transparently. User’s applications can always access files, and do not wait until all the blocks of the file is downloaded. So user can have a larger logical storage space and high accessing speed. Our evaluation demonstrates that MFS has a good performance, reliability, transparent scalability and simplicity. MFS can run on a diversity of user computers, and it is independent of any computer.
One Distributional Memory, Many Semantic Spaces

We propose an approach to corpus-based semantics, inspired by cognitive science, in which different semantic tasks are tackled using the same underlying repository of distributional information, collected once and for all from the source corpus. Task-specific semantic spaces are then built on demand from the repository. A straightforward implementation of our proposal achieves state-of-the-art performance on a number of unrelated tasks.
High in Vitro Anti-Tumor Efficacy of Dimeric Rituximab/Saporin-S6 Immunotoxin

The anti-CD20 mAb Rituximab has revolutionized lymphoma therapy, in spite of a number of unresponsive or relapsing patients. Immunotoxins, consisting of toxins coupled to antibodies, are being investigated for their potential ability to augment Rituximab efficacy. Here, we compare the anti-tumor effect of high- and low-molecular-weight Rituximab/saporin-S6 immunotoxins, named HMW-IT and LMW-IT, respectively. Saporin-S6 is a potent and stable plant enzyme belonging to ribosome-inactivating proteins that causes protein synthesis arrest and consequent cell death. Saporin-S6 was conjugated to Rituximab through an artificial disulfide bond. The inhibitory activity of HMW-IT and LMW-IT was evaluated on cell-free protein synthesis and in two CD20+ lymphoma cell lines, Raji and D430B. Two different conjugates were separated on the basis of their molecular weight and further characterized. Both HMW-IT (dimeric) and LMW-IT (monomeric) maintained a high level of enzymatic activity in a cell-free system. HMW-IT, thanks to a higher toxin payload and more efficient antigen capping, showed stronger in vitro anti-tumor efficacy than LMW-IT against lymphoma cells. Dimeric HMW-IT can be used for lymphoma therapy at least for ex vivo treatments. The possibility of using HMW-IT augments the yield in immunotoxin preparation and allows the targeting of antigens with low internalization rates.
Defeating Cyber Attacks Due to Script Injection

Oﬀensive operations have been promoted by the aggres-sors using computer as a tool or target, resulting, a cyber attack in web-application s of an organization or the infrastructure of entire nation. Depending upon the attacker’s target, one can classify some of the mostly occurred cyber attacks into ﬁve broad categories. It reports some of the common methods adopted in conducting these attacks and their defending techniques. This paper mainly address the possibility of cyber attacks due to the execution of malicious or unintended nature of scripts. It formulates a veriﬁcation method of web document and perform experiment in the client-side using its benign script structure. This method is capable of detecting any malicious script which inserts in the web-document during transportation from server to the client or due to the previously stored content in the client or server operation. Satisfactory results have been found with the own-generated and publicly available data-set.
Molecular Pathways: Targeting the CXCR4–CXCL12 Axis—Untapped Potential in the Tumor Microenvironment

Evidence suggests that the CXC–chemokine receptor-4 pathway plays a role in cancer cell homing and metastasis, and thus represents a potential target for cancer therapy. The homeostatic microenvironment chemokine CXCL12 binds the CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors, activating divergent signals on multiple pathways, such as ERK1/2, p38, SAPK/JNK, AKT, mTOR, and the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK). An activating mutation in CXCR4 is responsible for a rare disease, WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis), and dominant CXCR4 mutations have also been reported in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The CXCR4–CXCL12 axis regulates the hematopoietic stem cell niche—a property that has led to the approval of the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor (AMD3100) for mobilization of hematopoietic precursors. In preclinical models, plerixafor has shown antimetastatic potential in vivo, offering proof of concept. Other antagonists are in preclinical and clinical development. Recent evidence demonstrates that inhibiting CXCR4 signaling restores sensitivity to CTLA-4 and PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors, creating a new line for investigation. Targeting the CXCR4–CXCL12 axis thus offers the possibility of affecting CXCR4-expressing primary tumor cells, modulating the immune response, or synergizing with other targeted anticancer therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4278–85. ©2015 AACR.
Dendritic cells generated from the blood of patients with multiple myeloma are phenotypically and functionally identical to those similarly produced from healthy donors

Using a combination of GM‐CSF, SCF, flk‐2/flt‐3 ligand, and IL‐4, dendritic cells (DC) have been generated in vitro from the adherent fraction of mononuclear cells isolated from the blood of patients with MM. Analysis of cell yield showed no significant difference in DC yield (numbers or percentage of leucocytes) or total number of leucocytes generated in myeloma cultures compared to similar cultures prepared using mononuclear cells from the blood of healthy donors. The mean number of DC produced after 10 d of culture were 8.19×105 and 9.87×105 cells (41% and 51% of all leucocytes) for the myeloma and normal cultures respectively. Flow cytometry investigation of phenotypic markers including CD1a, HLA‐DR, CD80 (BB1/B7.1) and CD86 (B70/B7.2), and functional status (stimulatory potential in allogeneic mixed leucocyte reactions (MLR)) confirmed the generation of cells phenotypically identified as cultured DC. In addition, these cells were more effective than PBMC at stimulating allogeneic PBMC proliferation. These data demonstrate no difference between DC generated from patients with MM and healthy donors. This study was considered a prerequisite for future investigations directed towards developing effective immunotherapies for myeloma.
Dynamic presentation adaptation based on user intent classification

Results of internet searches are typically presented as lists. When searching for digital photos different search result presentations however offer different benefits. If users are primarily interested in the visual content of images a thumbnail grid may be more appropriate than a list. For people searching photos taken at a specific place image metadata in the result presentation is of interest too. In this paper we present an application which monitors a user's behavior while searching for digital photos and classifies the user's intention. Based on the intention, the result is adapted to support the user in an optimal way.
Case Study

Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are generally defined as those particles with a diameter less than 100 nanometer (nm) that are not intentionally generated (i.e., engineered nanoparticles). Sources of UFPs exist in a number of industrial settings, including smelters,(1–3) arc spraying,(4) high-speed grinding,(5) foundries,(6) micromachining processes,(7) and various other job activities. (8) Several authors have also shown that welding fumes are mostly composed of fine and ultrafine particles. (9–13) Hewett(14) showed, during welding fume emission, particle size distributions having mass geometric means ranging from 0.46 to 0.59 μm. Elihn et al.(8) showed that 20% to 60% of particles emitted during the welding process were less than 100 nm. Isaxon et al.(15) proposed that the signature size distributions of metal active gas (MAG)-welding appears as a single mode with mass median aerodynamic diameter of 200–300 nm, while stick welding generated larger particles. Likewise, Stephenson et al.(16) noted significant UFP production during shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) of carbon steel but did not quantitatively examine potential determinants of exposure. (16) Brand et al.(17) monitored the particle size distributions of various welding and joining techniques in standardized laboratory conditions and noted UFP composition differences between processes with high mass emission rates (SMAW, MAG welding, metal inert gas welding, metal inert gas soldering, and laser welding) and welding processes with low mass emission rates (tungsten inert gas welding and resistance spot welding). This issue of occupational UFP exposures is of increasing importance as evidence suggests that UFPs are potent triggers of oxidative stress and may contribute to adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. (18–24) Moreover, specific exposure to welding fumes is known to cause respiratory and cardiovascular health problems. Antonini et al.(25) reported respiratory effects among welders including bronchitis, airway irritation, lung function changes, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Welding is a process in which gaseous and aerosol byproducts composed of a complex array of metals, metal oxides, and other chemical species are produced. Specific health outcomes are also associated to each fraction, and the particulate emissions intrinsic of the welding fume have been classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (26) Furthermore, exposures among apprentice welders are particularly relevant as epidemiological evidence suggests that these workers may experience decreased lung function as a result of occupational exposures. (27) Burgess(28) described that health hazards associated with any welding operations are a function of the welding operation itself, the filler metal, the base metal, the base metal protective coating, the shielding gas or rod coating, the reactions occurring during welding, and welding conditions. In addition, exposure to welding
Poisson-Nernst-Planck Models of Nonequilibrium Ion Electrodiffusion through a Protegrin Transmembrane Pore

Protegrin peptides are potent antimicrobial agents believed to act against a variety of pathogens by forming nonselective transmembrane pores in the bacterial cell membrane. We have employed 3D Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) calculations to determine the steady-state ion conduction characteristics of such pores at applied voltages in the range of −100 to +100 mV in 0.1 M KCl bath solutions. We have tested a variety of pore structures extracted from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on an experimentally proposed octomeric pore structure. The computed single-channel conductance values were in the range of 290–680 pS. Better agreement with the experimental range of 40–360 pS was obtained using structures from the last 40 ns of the MD simulation, where conductance values range from 280 to 430 pS. We observed no significant variation of the conductance with applied voltage in any of the structures that we tested, suggesting that the voltage dependence observed experimentally is a result of voltage-dependent channel formation rather than an inherent feature of the open pore structure. We have found the pore to be highly selective for anions, with anionic to cationic current ratios (ICl−/IK+) on the order of 103. This is consistent with the highly cationic nature of the pore but surprisingly in disagreement with the experimental finding of only slight anionic selectivity. We have additionally tested the sensitivity of our PNP model to several parameters and found the ion diffusion coefficients to have a significant influence on conductance characteristics. The best agreement with experimental data was obtained using a diffusion coefficient for each ion set to 10% of the bulk literature value everywhere inside the channel, a scaling used by several other studies employing PNP calculations. Overall, this work presents a useful link between previous work focused on the structure of protegrin pores and experimental efforts aimed at investigating their conductance characteristics.
Quantum Dot‐mediated Photoproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species for Cancer Cell Annihilation

While semiconductor quantum dots produce little singlet oxygen, they may undergo Type I photoreactions to produce other reactive oxygen species (ROS) to kill cells. CdTe quantum dots coated with thioglycolic acid were used to test that possibility. Some thiol ligands were purposely removed to regenerate the surface electron traps that were passivated by the ligand. This allowed photoinduced electrons to dwell on the surface long enough to be gathered by nearby oxygen molecules to produce ROS. The photocytotoxicity of these quantum dots was tested on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Photokilling was shown to be drug and light dose dependent. Using 0.6 μm quantum dots for incubation and 4.8 J cm−2 for irradiation, about 80% of the cells were annihilated. These quantum dots promised to be potent sensitizers for photoannihilation of cancer cells.
Newton-Like Methods for Sparse Inverse Covariance Estimation

We propose two classes of second-order optimization methods for solving the sparse inverse covariance estimation problem. The first approach, which we call the Newton-LASSO method, minimizes a piecewise quadratic model of the objective function at every iteration to generate a step. We employ the fast iterative shrinkage thresholding algorithm (FISTA) to solve this subproblem. The second approach, which we call the Orthant-Based Newton method, is a two-phase algorithm that first identifies an orthant face and then minimizes a smooth quadratic approximation of the objective function using the conjugate gradient method. These methods exploit the structure of the Hessian to efficiently compute the search direction and to avoid explicitly storing the Hessian. We also propose a limited memory BFGS variant of the orthant-based Newton method. Numerical results, including comparisons with the method implemented in the QUIC software [1], suggest that all the techniques described in this paper constitute useful tools for the solution of the sparse inverse covariance estimation problem.
Immunohistochemical localization of atrial natriuretic factor and autoradiographic distribution of atrial natriuretic factor‐binding sites in the brain of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae)

The distribution of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)‐like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the cave salamander Hydromantes genei (Amphibia, Plethodontidae) was investigated by using antisera raised against rat and human ANF(1–28). Concurrently, the location of ANF‐binding sites was determined by autoradiography, using radioiodinated human ANF(1–28) as a tracer. In several regions of the brain, including the olfactory bulb, the preoptic area, the ventral thalamus, the tectum of the mesencephalon, and the choroid plexuses inside the ventricles, a good correlation was observed between the distribution of ANF‐immunoreactive elements and the location of ANF‐binding sites. Mismatching was found in the habenular nucleus, the commissura habenularis, the fasciculum retroflexus, and the interpeduncular nucleus, which contained high levels of binding sites but were devoid of ANF‐immunoreactive structures. In contrast, a few other regions, such as the pineal gland and the subcommissural organ, showed a high concentration of ANF‐like immunoreactivity but did not contain ANF‐binding sites. This study provides the first localization of ANF‐like immunoreactivity and ANF‐binding sites in the brain of an urodele amphibian. The results show that the ANF peptidergic system in the cave salamander has an organization more simple than the organizations described for the brain of frog or other vertebrates. This feature is probably related to the expression of highly pedomorphic characters in plethodontids. The anatomical distribution of ANF‐immunoreactive elements and ANF‐binding sites suggests that ANF‐related peptides may act as hypophysiotropic hormones as well as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators in the salamander brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 437:240–258, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Triphenyltelluronium(IV) bromide acetone hemisolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C18H15Te+·2Br−·C3H6O or Ph3TeBr·0.5Me2CO, contains two crystallographically independent triphenyltelluronium cations, two bromide anions, and one disordered [site-occupancy ratio = 0.581 (7):0.419 (7)] solvent molecule. Interionic Te⋯Br interactions connect the cations and anions into a tetrameric step-like structure. The primary coordination spheres of both Te atoms are TeC3 trigonal pyramids: three short secondary tellurium–bromine interactions expand the coordination geometry of one of the Te atoms to an octahedron. While the other Te atom shows only two Te⋯Br secondary bonding interactions, it is also six-coordinated due to a Te⋯π interaction [3.769 (2) Å] with one of the phenyl rings of the adjacent cation.
Interactive rendering with arbitrary BRDFs using separable approximations

A separable decomposition of bidirectional reflectance distributions (BRDFs) is used to implement arbitrary reflectances from point sources on existing graphics hardware. Two-dimensional texture mapping and compositing operations are used to reconstruct samples of the BRDF at every pixel at interactive rates. A change of variables, the Gram-Schmidt halfangle/difference vector parameterization, improves separability. Two decomposition algorithms are also presented. The singular value decomposition (SVD) minimizes RMS error. The normalized decomposition is fast and simple, using no more space than what is required for the final representation.
Binary Biometric Representation through Pairwise Adaptive Phase Quantization

Extracting binary strings from real-valued biometric templates is a fundamental step in template compression and protection systems, such as fuzzy commitment, fuzzy extractor, secure sketch, and helper data systems. Quantization and coding is the straightforward way to extract binary representations from arbitrary real-valued biometric modalities. In this paper, we propose a pairwise adaptive phase quantization (APQ) method, together with a long-short (LS) pairing strategy, which aims to maximize the overall detection rate. Experimental results on the FVC2000 fingerprint and the FRGC face database show reasonably good verification performances.
Functional Research on Three Presumed Asparagine Synthetase Family Members in Poplar

Asparagine synthetase (AS), a key enzyme in plant nitrogen metabolism, plays an important role in plant nitrogen assimilation and distribution. Asparagine (Asn), the product of asparagine synthetase, is one of the main compounds responsible for organic nitrogen transport and storage in plants. In this study, we performed complementation experiments using an Asn-deficient Escherichia coli strain to demonstrate that three putative asparagine synthetase family members in poplar (Populus simonii × P. nigra) function in Asn synthesis. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the three members had high expression levels in different tissues of poplar and were regulated by exogenous nitrogen. PnAS1 and PnAS2 were also affected by diurnal rhythm. Long-term dark treatment resulted in a significant increase in PnAS1 and PnAS3 expression levels. Under long-term light conditions, however, PnAS2 expression decreased significantly in the intermediate region of leaves. Exogenous application of ammonium nitrogen, glutamine, and a glutamine synthetase inhibitor revealed that PnAS3 was more sensitive to exogenous glutamine, while PnAS1 and PnAS2 were more susceptible to exogenous ammonium nitrogen. Our results suggest that the various members of the PnAS gene family have distinct roles in different tissues and are regulated in different ways.
Homocysteine: An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor that Never Really Made it~!2009-10-29~!2009-12-27~!2010-04-08~!

Serum total homocysteine (tHcy) has been implicated in promoting venous thromboembolic events and athero- sclerosis, manifested as coronary heart disease, stroke or peripheral arterial disease. Dietary supplementation with B vita- mins that lower tHcy concentrations was expected to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, recent meta- analyses of prospective observational studies and randomized controlled trials failed to show a role of tHcy in the patho- genesis of vascular disease or a benefit of B vitamins in CVD events. This review analyzes recent data on the potential of tHcy to cause health problems (if any) and the role of vitamin B supplementation in preventing them.
A Dynamic Politico-Economic Model of Intergenerational Contracts

This paper investigates the conditions for the emergence of implicit intergenerational contracts without assuming reputation mechanisms, commitment technology and altruism. We present a tractable dynamic politico-economic model in OLG environment where politicians play Markovian strategies in a probabilistic voting environment, setting multidimensional political agenda. Both backward and forward intergenerational transfers, respectively in the form of pension benefits and higher education investments, are simultaneously considered in an endogenous human capital setting with labor income taxation. On the one hand, social security sustains investment in public education; on the other hand investment in education creates a dynamic linkage across periods through both human and physical capital driving the economy toward different Welfare State Regimes. Embedding a repeated-voting setup of electoral competition, we find that in a dynamic efficient economy both forward and backward intergenerational transfers simultaneously arise. The equilibrium allocation is education efficient, but, due to political overrepresentation of elderly agents, the electoral competition process induces overtaxation compared with a Benevolent Government solution with balanced welfare weights.