Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Isolated clusters of paired tandemly repeated sequences in the Xenopus laevis genome

There exist in the Xenopus laevis genome clusters of tandemly repeated DNA sequences, consisting of two types of 393-base-pair repeating unit. Each such cluster contains several units of one of these paired tandem repeats (PTR-1), followed by several units of the other repeat (PTR-2). The number of repeats of each type is variable from cluster to cluster and averages about seven of each type per cluster. Every cluster has ca. 1,000 base pairs of common left flanking sequence (adjacent to the PTR-1 repeats) and 1,000 base pairs of common right flanking sequence (adjacent to the PTR-2 repeats). Beyond these common flanks, the DNA sequences are different in the eight cloned genomic fragments we have studied. Thus, the hundreds of PTR clusters in the genome are dispersed at apparently unrelated sites. Nucleotide sequences of representative PTR-1 and PTR-2 repeats are 64% homologous. These sequences do not reveal an obvious function. However, the related species X. mulleri and X. borealis have sequences homologous to PTR-1 and PTR-2, which show the same repeat lengths and genomic organization. This evolutionary conservation suggests positive selection for the clusters. Maintenance of these sequences at dispersed sites imposes constraints on possible mechanisms of concerted evolution.
Calculating surface reflectance using a single-bounce model of mutual reflection

Light reflected from one surface onto a second surface changes both the intensity and spectral power distribution of light leaving the second surface. Similarly, light from the second surface illuminates the first. This mutual reflection effect can be exploited by examining pixels where interreflection is and is not present. From these measurements several intrinsic properties can be determined: the reflectance of each surface, the spectral power distribution of the incident illumination, and some constraints on the physical configuration of the two surfaces. The authors use finite dimensional linear models for the ambient illumination and for surface spectral reflectance, with m basis functions for illumination and n for surfaces. Examining p sensor values (e.g. RGB values) they find that if p satisfies the condition p>or=(2n+m)/3 they can solve for finite dimensional model descriptors of both surfaces and of the ambient illumination, as well as for a form-factor stemming from the surface configuration. With n=m=3, p can also be 3. A single-bounce model of mutual reflection accounts for the most important contribution to light intensity in an interreflecting geometry. <<ETX>>
Periductal Stromal Tumor of Breast: A Case Report and A Review of Literature

Periductal stromal tumor (PDST) is a rare biphasic tumor of the breast that exhibits low-grade malignancy and intermediate behavior. It is characterized by proliferation of atypical spindle cells surrounding benign mammary ducts and infiltrating adjacent adipose tissue. PDST is distinguished from phyllodes tumor by its lack of leaf-like architecture; however, it is still unclear whether PDST is a separate entity or a certain spectrum of phyllodes tumor [1,2]. Its therapeutic management is based on wide surgical excision with tumor-free margins. We report the case of a 20-year-old female who presented with a lump in her left breast with clinical features mimicking fibroadenoma. Excisional biopsy was performed because the mass gradually enlarged and became painful. On histological examination a biphasic tumor composed of benign epithelial ducts surrounded by proliferation of spindle cells with dense hyperchromatic nuclei and mild-to-moderate atypia was found. Stromal overgrowth, variable stromal cellularity and myxoid background were evident. A diagnosis of PDST was established after extensive sampling and immunohistochemical analysis. Our patient was treated with surgical resection and has been recurrence-free for more than 38 months.
A fair spectrum sharing approach in Cognitive Radio Networks

Scarcity of bandwidth for fixed allocation of frequency and also current growth trends in wireless communications shows that Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are followed strictly. Fluctuating nature of the radio spectrum with a variety of quality services which needs causes some challenges in CRNs, such as spectrum sharing. In many previous works, the problem of performance loss is seen due to the sudden presence of primary user. In such a situation, secondary user has to vacate bandwidth at the moment. This often leads to long wait for secondary user on access the channel. However, Spectrum Pooling concept is used with the ability of secondary utility for licensed frequency band, without reducing quality of service and without requiring new hardware. In this paper, a fair queuing algorithm with weighting and prioritization between different users is recommended. This type of queuing model with weighted fair queuing policy is efficient to share the bandwidth among systems with different priority levels. The proposed algorithm offers shared use of spectrum to invest a fair sharing of bandwidth between cognitive users. The proposed model involves a different service rates for unlicensed users and can be used as an acceptable model in heterogeneous networks. By the use of analytical and simulation results, we can achieve a desirable level of performance and an improvement in fairness.
Sleep and Periodic Limb Movement in Sleep in Juvenile Fibromyalgia

Objectives. Fibromyalgia has been recently recognized in children and adolescents as juvenile fibromyalgia (JF). In adult fibromyalgia, subjective complaints of nonrestorative sleep and fatigue are supported by altered polysomnographic findings including a primary sleep disorder known as periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) in some subjects. Although poor sleep is a diagnostic criterion for JF, few reports in the literature have evaluated specific sleep disturbances. Our objectives were to evaluate in a controlled study the polysomnographic findings of children and adolescents with JF for alterations in sleep architecture as well as possible PLMS not previously noted in this age group. Methods. Sixteen consecutive children and adolescents (15.0 ± 2.6 years of age) diagnosed with JF underwent overnight polysomnography. Polysomnography was also performed on 14 controls (14.0 ± 2.2 years of age) with no history of an underlying medical condition that could impact on sleep architecture. Respiratory variables, sleep stages, and limb movements were measured during sleep in all subjects. Results. JF subjects differed significantly from controls in sleep architecture. JF subjects presented with prolonged sleep latency, shortened total sleep time, decreased sleep efficiency, and increased wakefulness during sleep. In addition, JF subjects exhibited excessive movement activity during sleep. Six of the JF subjects (38%) were noted to have an abnormally elevated PLMS index (>5/hour), indicating PLMS in these subjects. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated abnormalities in sleep architecture in children with JF. We also noted PLMS in a significant number of subjects. This has not been reported previously in children with this disorder. We recommend that children who are evaluated for JF undergo polysomnography including PLMS assessment. juvenile fibromyalgia; periodic limb movement in sleep; restless legs syndrome.
Size, power and false discovery rates

Modem scientific technology has provided a new class of large-scale simultaneous inference problems, with thousands of hypothesis tests to consider at the same time. Microarrays epitomize this type of technology, but similar situations arise in proteomics, spectroscopy, imaging, and social science surveys. This paper uses false discovery rate methods to carry out both size and power calculations on large-scale problems. A simple empirical Bayes approach allows the false discovery rate (fdr) analysis to proceed with a minimum of frequentist or Bayesian modeling assumptions. Closed-form accuracy formulas are derived for estimated false discovery rates, and used to compare different methodologies: local or tail-area fdr's, theoretical, permutation, or empirical null hypothesis estimates. Two microarray data sets as well as simulations are used to evaluate the methodology, the power diagnostics showing why nonnull cases might easily fail to appear on a list of "significant" discoveries.
The relationship between canonical correlation analysis and minimum squared error classifier

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) has recently attracted great attention and many experimental results have illustrated its effectiveness. In this paper, we study the relationship between CCA classifier and minimum squared error (MSE) classifier. It helps us look into the nature of CCA classifier. In traditional CCA method, the class-membership matrix is deliberately coded in full rank. Under this case, we will prove CCA is equivalent to MSE classifier. It is also shown that even the class-membership matrix is centered and thus not in full rank, CCA is equivalent to Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FDA). Some experiments are presented to verify the results.
When expressions make impressions—Nurses’ narratives about meeting severely ill patients in home nursing care: A phenomenological-hermeneutic approach to understanding

Registered nurses (RNs) working in homecare encounter severely ill and palliative patients whose expressions may cause ethical challenges and influence their daily work. The aim of this qualitative study was to illuminate and interpret the meaning of nurses’ lived experiences when meeting these patients. Narrative interviews were conducted with 10 RNs working in home nursing care. These interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim to a text and interpreted by a phenomenological-hermeneutic method inspired by Ricoeur. The meaning of the RNs’ lived experience of patients’ expressions was formulated into four themes. The first theme, Being open for the presence of the Other, includes two subthemes: “Sensing vulnerability” and “Empathizing with. ” The second theme, Being satisfied, entails the subthemes, “Feeling exceptional” and “Being trusted. ” The third theme, Being frustrated, contains the subthemes, “Being disappointed” and “Being angry. ” The fourth and final theme, Being ambivalent, includes one subtheme: “Being generous or reserved. ” Patients’ expressions that make impressions on nurses create emotional waves. Expressions leave impressions that call upon the nurse, and confront her with taking the risk of letting intuition and pre-reflexive feelings gain entry to her care. Allowing for the Other's presence is seen as a precondition, which means facing humanity and sensing a vulnerability in herself as well as in the Other. Understanding and balancing this emotional dimension in care seems to cause confusion and distress within the nurses. Realizing how their feelings may lead to either generosity or aloofness towards the patient is upsetting. Our interpretation suggests that these impressions echo confusion according to the role of being a professional nurse. There is a need to pay more attention to how the emotional dimension in care is understood and impacts the way nurses perform their professional role.
An AI-based system for telecommunication network planning

Today's telecoms market is filled with severe competition and tight budget. Many network operators are striving for different ways to reduce their operating cost while still providing excellent services to their customers. One of the possible savings that can be made is to apply software planning tools to automate network designs at the lowest possible cost. In this paper, we describe an AI based system which can automate/optimize the planning process. It facilitates the implementation of different optimization algorithms to solve network design problems. A case study of physical layer design for FTTH networks is provided. FTTH is considered to be the last mile of access network which is critical to provide bandwidth-intensive services such as high speed Internet access, video on demand, online gaming, etc. In this paper, an overview of the system is provided. The problem definition of the FTTH network design and three optimization approaches (i.e. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA)) are described. Finally, different sizes of networks will be used to illustrate the performance of each approach.
Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Hybrid Distributed Reverse Time Migration Application

Applications to process seismic data employ scalable parallel systems to produce timely results. To fully exploit emerging processor architectures, application will need to employ threaded parallelism within a node and message passing across nodes. Today, MPI+OpenMP is the preferred programming model for this task. However, tuning hybrid programs for clusters is difficult. Performance tools can help users identify bottlenecks and uncover opportunities for improvement. This poster describes our experiences of applying Rice University's HPCToolkit and hardware performance counters to gain insight into an MPI+OpenMP code that performs Reverse Time Migration (RTM) on a cluster of multicore processors. The tools provided us with insights into the effectiveness of the domain decomposition strategy, the use of threaded parallelism, and functional unit utilization in individual cores. By applying insights obtained from the tools, we were able to improve the performance of the RTM code by roughly 30 percent.
Programming slick network functions

Current approaches to in-network traffic processing involve the deployment of monolithic middleboxes in virtual machines. These approaches make it difficult to reuse functionality across different packet processing elements and also do not use available in-network processing resources efficiently. We present Slick, a framework for programming network functions that allows a programmer to write a single high-level control program that specifies custom packet processing on precise subsets of traffic. The Slick runtime coordinates the placement of fine-grained packet processing elements (e.g., firewalls, load balancers) and steers traffic through sequences of these element instances. A Slick program merely dictates what processing should be performed on specific traffic flows, without requiring the programmer to specify where in the network specific processing elements are instantiated or how traffic should be routed through them. In contrast to previous work, Slick handles both the placement of fine-grained elements and the steering of traffic through specific sequences of element instances, allowing for more efficient use of network resources than solutions that solve each problem in isolation.
El constructo psicosocial de Calidad de los Procesos y Recursos Humanos. Desarrollo teórico y validación empírica

En la actual era del conocimiento, el interes por los activos intangibles, el capital intelectual y el capital humano se ha incrementado. A pesar de ello, los modelos contables, que parten principalmente de la economia y administracion de empresas, no muestran un gran interes hacia los aspectos psicologicos y psicosociales del capital humano. Nuestro principal objetivo es conceptualizar los activos intangibles incluidos en el capital humano interno a partir del constructo Calidad de los Procesos y Recursos Humanos. El instrumento Human System Audit (Auditoria del Sistema Humano) fue administrado a una muestra de 1401 empleados del sector sanitario en cuatro paises europeos (Espana, Portugal, Reino Unido y Polonia). La mayoria de dimensiones importantes del comportamiento humano en las organizaciones en el nivel individual (motivacion, compromiso, identificacion, estres, burnout y satisfaccion) y en el nivel organizativo (clima, participacion, direccion, liderazgo y vision compartida) fueron incluidas. Un analisis factorial exploratorio con parcelizacion de items fue aplicado en la muestra espanola. Las muestras de Polonia, Portugal y Reino Unido fueron usadas para el analisis factorial confirmatorio. El analisis factorial exploratorio identifico dos factores que explicaron el 61.27% de la variancia: (1) Relacion persona-organizacion (RPO) (Variancia explicada = 50.34%), (2) Relacion persona-trabajo (RPT) (Variancia explicada = 10.92%). El analisis factorial confirmatorio apoyo la estabilidad transnacional del modelo propuesto. La estructura bidimensional obtenida se asemeja a los modelos de ajuste persona-entorno (Kristof-Marron, Zimmerman y Johnson, 2005; Piasentina y Chapman, 2006) dentro de la teoria Interaccionista del comportamiento (Chatman, 1989; Lewin, 1951; Muchinsky y Monahan, 1987). El modelo permite a las empresas, no solo su autoevaluacion, sino la comparabilidad con otras empresas incluso en paises diferentes.
Applications of Dweck's Model of Implicit Theories to Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Emotional Experiences.

Title of Dissertation: Applications of Dweck’s Model of Implicit Theories to Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Emotional Experiences Alexis Ymon Williams, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Directed By: Professor Kathryn R. Wentzel Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology The current study explored Dweck’s (1999; Dweck & Leggett, 1988) model of implicit theories in the context of teaching in order to establish its usefulness for describing teachers’ beliefs about students’ ability and social behavior. Further it sought to explain the connections between teachers’ implicit beliefs and their efficacy for instruction and classroom management, and their positive and negative emotional experiences. The factor structure of survey data for teachers in mid-Atlantic school districts was examined to test for classes reflecting implicit and entity beliefs, or beliefs that student attributes are malleable or fixed and unchangeable. Given that previous work in other populations has reflected important connections between individuals’ implicit theories, their cognitive and emotional functioning, and their interactions with others, the current study explored whether implicit theories have similar implications for teaching. The categorical distinction between entity and incremental theories was not supported in the analyses. Further analyses were conducted using structural equation models for implicit theories, efficacy, and emotional outcomes, including symptoms of burnout. Implicit theories were associated with efficacy such that tendencies toward incremental beliefs correlated with higher efficacy in well-fitting models. Although implicit theories predicted emotional outcomes in some models such that incremental beliefs were associated with positive emotional outcomes, the effect of the implicit theory variable was not significant in models that included the efficacy variable. In these models, only efficacy was a significant predictor of emotions such that higher efficacy was associated with positive outcomes. Finally, the interaction between implicit theory and efficacy was not significant. These findings fail to support the theoretical connections between the two variables in the implicit theory framework, where low efficacy is expected to predict negative emotional outcomes in the presence of entity but not incremental theories. Instead, with respect to emotional outcomes, teaching self-efficacy appeared to be a more salient predictor than studentdirected implicit theories of teachers’ emotional experiences overall.
The Monopoly of Violence: Evidence from Colombia

Many states in Latin America, Africa and Asia lack the monopoly of violence, identified by Max Weber as the foundation of the state, and thus the capacity to govern effectively. In this paper we develop a new perspective on the establishment of the monopoly of violence and the formation of the state. We build a model to explain the incentive of central states to eliminate non-state armed actors (paramilitaries) in a democracy. The model is premised on the idea that paramilitaries may choose to and can influence elections. Since paramilitaries have preferences over policies, this reduces the incentives of the politicians they favor to eliminate them. The model also shows that while in non-paramilitary areas policies are targeted at citizens, in paramilitary controlled areas they are targeted at paramilitaries. We then investigate the predictions of our model using data from Colombia between 1991 and 2006. We first present regression and case study evidence supporting our postulate that paramilitary groups can have significant effects on elections for the legislature and the executive. Next, we show that the evidence is also broadly consistent with the implication of the model that paramilitaries tend to persist to the extent that they deliver votes to candidates for the executive whose preferences are close to theirs and that this effect is larger in areas where the Presidential candidate would have otherwise not done as well. These results illustrate that, consistent with our model, there appears to be a symbiotic relationship between some executives and paramilitaries. Finally, we use roll-call votes to illustrate a possible 'quid pro quo' between the executive and paramilitaries in Colombia.
New scintillation detector of backscattered electrons for the low voltage SEM

The new scintillation detector of backscattered electrons that is capable of working at primary beam energy as low as 0.5 keV is introduced. Low energy backscattered electrons are accelerated in order to generate a sufficient number of photons. Secondary electrons are deflected back by the energy filter so that the true compositional contrast of the specimen is obtained. The theoretical models of the detector function are described and first demonstration images are presented.
An intrinsic observer for a class of Lagrangian systems

We propose a new design method of asymptotic observers for a class of nonlinear mechanical systems: Lagrangian systems with configuration (position) measurements. Our main contribution is to introduce a state (position and velocity) observer that is invariant under any changes of the configuration coordinates. The observer dynamics equations, as the Euler-Lagrange equations, are intrinsic. The design method uses the Riemannian structure defined by the kinetic energy on the configuration manifold. The local convergence is proved by showing that the Jacobian of the observer dynamics is negative definite (contraction) for a particular metric defined on the state-space, a metric derived from the kinetic energy and the observer gains. From a practical point of view, such intrinsic observers can be approximated, when the estimated configuration is close to the true one, by an explicit set of differential equations involving the Riemannian curvature tensor. These equations can be automatically generated via symbolic differentiations of the metric and potential up to order two. Numerical simulations for the ball and beam system, an example where the scalar curvature is always negative, show the effectiveness of such approximation when the measured positions are noisy or include high frequency neglected dynamics.
Capacity of The Discrete-Time Non-Coherent Memoryless Rayleigh Fading Channels at Low SNR

The capacity of a discrete-time memoryless channel, in which successive symbols fade independently, and where the channel state information (CSI) is neither available at the transmitter nor at the receiver, is considered at low SNR. We derive a closed form expression of the optimal capacity-achieving input distribution at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and give the exact capacity of a non-coherent channel at low SNR. The derived relations allow to better understanding the capacity of non-coherent channels at low SNR and bring an analytical answer to the peculiar behavior of the optimal input distribution observed in a previous work by Abou Faycal, Trott and Shamai. Then, we compute the non-coherence penalty and give a more precise characterization of the sub-linear term in SNR. Finally, in order to better understand how the optimal input varies with SNR, upper and lower bounds on the capacity-achieving input are given.