Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moderate hypothermia to treat perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND Whether hypothermic therapy improves neurodevelopmental outcomes in newborn infants with asphyxial encephalopathy is uncertain. METHODS We performed a randomized trial of infants who were less than 6 hours of age and had a gestational age of at least 36 weeks and perinatal asphyxial encephalopathy. We compared intensive care plus cooling of the body to 33.5 degrees C for 72 hours and intensive care alone. The primary outcome was death or severe disability at 18 months of age. Prespecified secondary outcomes included 12 neurologic outcomes and 14 other adverse outcomes. RESULTS Of 325 infants enrolled, 163 underwent intensive care with cooling, and 162 underwent intensive care alone. In the cooled group, 42 infants died and 32 survived but had severe neurodevelopmental disability, whereas in the noncooled group, 44 infants died and 42 had severe disability (relative risk for either outcome, 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 1.07; P=0.17). Infants in the cooled group had an increased rate of survival without neurologic abnormality (relative risk, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.12; P=0.003). Among survivors, cooling resulted in reduced risks of cerebral palsy (relative risk, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.96; P=0.03) and improved scores on the Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (P=0.03 for each) and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (P=0.01). Improvements in other neurologic outcomes in the cooled group were not significant. Adverse events were mostly minor and not associated with cooling. CONCLUSIONS Induction of moderate hypothermia for 72 hours in infants who had perinatal asphyxia did not significantly reduce the combined rate of death or severe disability but resulted in improved neurologic outcomes in survivors. (Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN89547571.)
SCOP: a Structural Classification of Proteins database

The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database provides a detailed and comprehensive description of the relationships of all known proteins structures. The classification is on hierarchical levels: the first two levels, family and superfamily, describe near and far evolutionary relationships; the third, fold, describes geometrical relationships. The distinction between evolutionary relationships and those that arise from the physics and chemistry of proteins is a feature that is unique to this database, so far. The database can be used as a source of data to calibrate sequence search algorithms and for the generation of population statistics on protein structures. The database and its associated files are freely accessible from a number of WWW sites mirrored from URL http://scop. mrc-lmb.cam. ac.uk/scop/
Performance analysis of polarization coding BB84 quantum key distribution system under non-Markovian channel

The characteristics of quantum channel play important roles on designing a high performance quantum communication system. In this paper, we analyze the fidelity of polarization state travelling through a non-Markovian optical fiber depolarizing quantum channel with color noise environment. The quantum bit error rate (QBER) of a polarization coding BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) system under non-Markovian depolarizing channel is also discussed. Analysis results show that there are several security regions caused by the fluctuation of QBER in such a non-Markovian channel. These will provide references for designing polarization compensation scheme and estimating of secure distance.
An analysis of an elderly driver behaviour in urban intersections based on a risk potential model

This paper proposes a driving safety evaluation method based on the parameter analysis of a driver model. Since the driving abilities, such as reaction, recognition and judgment time decrease with aging, it is difficult for elderly drivers to avoid the traffic accidents instantly. Therefore, the proactive safety driving is important for the elderly drivers to prevent the accidents. Then, the safety evaluation criteria of a driving behavior are useful to encourage the driver to keep proactive safety driving. And these criteria are useful to develop an advanced driver assistance system for elderly drivers. To evaluate the driving behavior, we use the parameters of a risk potential model which is the driver model to represent the speed and course control around the risk factors. Since the risk potential model represents the driving behavior by using a small number of the parameters, we make the assumption that the parameters are highly abstract the driving behavior and it is useful for analyzing the safety level of the driver. To evaluate the assumption experimentally, we collect the actual driving data of elderly, general and normative drivers for analyzing the parameters of the risk potential model and the safety level of the driver. Finally, the results show that the parameters of the risk potential model can be used to indicate the features of the driving behavior of the elderly drivers.
Voxel-by-Voxel Comparison of Automatically Segmented Cerebral Gray Matter—A Rater-Independent Comparison of Structural MRI in Patients with Epilepsy

Quantitative evaluation of MRI in patients with epilepsy can give more information than qualitative assessment. Previously developed volume-of-interest-based methods identified subtle widespread structural changes in the neocortex beyond the visualized lesions in patients with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) and also in MRI-negative patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). This study evaluates a voxel-based automated analysis of structural MRI in epilepsy. After fully automated segmentation of cerebral gray matter from structural T1-weighted, high-resolution MRI scans, we applied the automated and objective technique of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to the analysis of gray matter of 35 control subjects, 10 patients with partial seizures and MCD, 10 patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and HS, 10 patients with left TLE and normal MR quantitation of the hippocampus, and 20 patients with JME. At a corrected threshold of P < 0.05, significant abnormalities were found in 3/35 controls; in all 10 patients with MCD, 6 of whom had additional lesions beyond the margins of the visualized abnormalities; in 2/10 TLE patients with HS; in 2/10 MRI-negative TLE; and in 4/20 JME patients. Group comparisons between control subjects and HS patients identified the affected left temporal lobe with an increase in gray matter in the posterior temporal lobe, but did not identify hippocampal atrophy. The group of MRI-negative TLE patients showed no abnormalities compared with control subjects. Group comparison between control subjects and JME patients identified a mesial frontal increase in gray matter. The SPM-based voxel-by-voxel comparison of gray matter distribution identified MCD and abnormalities beyond the visualized lesion in individual MCD patients. The method did not reliably identify HS in individual patients or identify abnormalities in individual MRI-negative patients with TLE or JME in a proportion larger than the chance findings in the control group. Using group comparisons, structural abnormalities in the neocortical gray matter of patients with TLE and HS were lateralized to the affected temporal lobe. In patients with JME as a group, an increase in gray matter was localized to the mesial frontal area, corroborating earlier quantitative MRI findings.
The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition

1. The Core and Contours of a Sufi Brotherhood 2. Local Beginnings in the Oases of Inner Asia (Thirteenth to Sixteenth Centuries) 3. Consolidation and Expansion 4. Shari'a and Renewal in the Great Empires (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries) 5. Inner Rivalries and Cooperation 6. Scholarship and Organization into the Modern World (Nineteenth Century to the Present) 7. The Persistence of Older Traditions 8. Modern Transformations on the Path (Seventeenth to Twentieth Centuries) 9. The Contemporary Situation
Intragenic DNA methylation and BORIS-mediated cancer-specific splicing contribute to the Warburg effect

Significance Recent advances in cancer epigenetics have shown the involvement of epigenetic abnormalities in the initiation and progression of cancer, but their role in cancer-specific aberrant splicing is not clear. The identification of upstream epigenetic regulators of cancer-specific splicing will enable us to therapeutically target aberrant splicing and provide an approach to cancer therapy. Here we have demonstrated a mechanism of intragenic DNA methylation-mediated regulation of alternative splicing by Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS), which can contribute to breast cancer tumorigenesis by favoring the Warburg effect. The reversal of the Warburg effect was achieved by the inhibition of DNA methylation or down-regulation of BORIS, which may serve as a useful approach to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Aberrant alternative splicing and epigenetic changes are both associated with various cancers, but epigenetic regulation of alternative splicing in cancer is largely unknown. Here we report that the intragenic DNA methylation-mediated binding of Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) at the alternative exon of Pyruvate Kinase (PKM) is associated with cancer-specific splicing that promotes the Warburg effect and breast cancer progression. Interestingly, the inhibition of DNA methylation, BORIS depletion, or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of the BORIS binding site leads to a splicing switch from cancer-specific PKM2 to normal PKM1 isoform. This results in the reversal of the Warburg effect and the inhibition of breast cancer cell growth, which may serve as a useful approach to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Importantly, our results show that in addition to PKM splicing, BORIS also regulates the alternative splicing of several genes in a DNA methylation-dependent manner. Our findings highlight the role of intragenic DNA methylation and DNA binding protein BORIS in cancer-specific splicing and its role in tumorigenesis.
Governance and the Split of Options between Executive and Non-Executive Employees

We examine the determinants and consequences of the split of options between executive and non-executive employees. We find that the proportion of options granted to executives is lower the stronger is firm governance. For the sample as a whole, the relation between options and both operating income and valuation is weaker for executive options than for options to lower-level employees. Splitting the sample between weak and strong governance firms, for the weak (strong) governance firms, the relation between executive options and firm performance and valuation is weaker (stronger) relative to non-executive options. Results are robust to controls for the endogeneity of option granting choice. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that firms with relatively weak governance tend to give a larger proportion of options to executives and appear to receive relatively less benefit from those options.
Agent technologies for pervasive computing and communications

The structure of the systems underlying a pervasive computing environment is dynamic and continuously changing. Consequently, their architectures must have the ability to react to events and perform architectural changes autonomously. In this paper, our principle is to use our platform based agents to achieve these functionalities, to monitor the global architecture and to evaluate and manage changes in an architecture dynamically at execution time. This platform can support automatic configuration and selection of service coalitions to accomplish computing tasks and reestablish computing contexts. It helps for accomplishing a task and compensating for resource limitations in an environment. The capacity of automatic task-based service discovery and configuration of this platform makes rapid configuration possible, even in the presence of large dynamic collections of devices and resources. In this paper we present the conception and implementation of this platform. A case study is presented showing the application of our platform on client-server architecture and its benefits in the pervasive world are outlined.
Paclitaxel and pegylated‐liposomal doxorubicin are both active in angiosarcoma

Paclitaxel has unique activity in angiosarcomas of the face and scalp, but its activity in angiosarcomas originating at other sites is less well defined. Paclitaxel and pegylated‐liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) are highly effective in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Because of the efficacy of PLD in soft tissue sarcoma in general, and in KS in particular, coupled with potential similarities in KS and angiosarcoma, and the apparent activity of paclitaxel in angiosarcomas, the authors treated patients with angiosarcoma with either paclitaxel or PLD as initial chemotherapy.
Analyzing effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy.

To the Editor: Drs Leichsenring and Rabung reported that long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) is more effective than shorter forms of psychotherapy for complex mental disorders based on a between-group effect size of 1.8 from 7 comparative trials that they meta-analyzed. The authors did not indicate that they were concerned about this and other surprisingly large effect sizes they reported. Between-group effect sizes can be presented as group differences in terms of standard deviations or as point biserial correlations between group (eg, LTPP vs shorter-term therapies) and treatment effect. They are equivalent and convertible using a formula or tables. The authors, however, apparently erroneously calculated within-group pre-post effect sizes and point biserial correlations between group and within-group effect sizes, which is altogether different. It seems that they converted these correlations between group and within-group pre-post effect sizes to produce deviation-based effect sizes that do not appear reasonable. As a result, although none of the 7 studies had an overall effect size greater than 1.45, the authors reported a combined effect size of 1.8, which is statistically impossible. In a slightly larger set of 8 trials, the authors reported that LTPP had a larger overall effect than shorter-term therapies (0.96 vs 0.47) but a point biserial correlation (0.60) equivalent to a between-group effect size of 1.5. However, betweengroup effect sizes must be smaller than within-group effect sizes when both groups have positive effects. Similarly, these methods generated an implausible between-group effect size of 6.9 for personality functioning based on 3 trials, none of which reported an effect size for personality functioning larger than approximately 2. In addition, we believe that this collection of studies was not suitable for meta-analysis. Each reviewed study had 15 to 30 patients in the LTPP treatment group. It seems unlikely that investigators would attempt to publish a negative study with so few patients (or that such a study would be accepted for publication), which means that all published studies would have an effect size of at least 0.50 to 0.75, the minimum for statistical significance. This is an artificial floor that guarantees a large effect when these studies are combined.
Effects of Common and Rare Genetic Variants of Apolipoprotein C4 on HDL-Cholesterol Levels

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major public health problem in western countries as it continues to be a leading cause of premature mortality and morbidity. Several risk factors contribute to CHD risk, including dyslipidemia with low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Meta analysis of genome wide linkage analysis in families with diverse ethnicity has revealed a strong linkage with different lipid traits on chromosome 19q13.2. There are several candidate genes present under this linkage region, including APOE/C1/C4/C2 gene cluster. With the exception of APOE, other genes in this cluster have not been extensively evaluated in relation to lipid profile. Therefore, identifying APOC4 genetic variants that modulate HDL-C level is a great public health importance. In this study we focused on the APOC4 gene and hypothesized that rare and common variants in this gene could affect plasma lipid levels. Integration of common variants common disease (CVCD) and rare variants common disease (RVCD) hypotheses has been conducted in a limited number of studies. The aim of this study was to identify both common and rare variants in APOC4 by sequencing individuals having extreme low and high HDL-C levels from U.S. non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) and African Blacks, and to examine their effects on HDL-C and correlated lipid levels. In the sequencing analysis, a total of 65 variants were identified in NHWs and African Blacks. Of these 26 were present in NHWs and 51 in Blacks. Among NHWs, 31% of the low HDL-C group had rare or less common variants versus 10% of the high HDL-C group. On the other hand, reverse trend was observed in the Black sample (46% of the low HDL-C group versus 54% of the high HDL-C). Screening of these observed rare and common variants in the complete NHWs and Blacks dataset would provide more information about their association with plasma HDL-C and correlated lipid traits.
Quantification of Magnetic Nanoparticle Uptake in Cells by Temperature Dependent Magnetorelaxometry

Typically, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) with core diameter in the range of about 16 nm to 22 nm are accessible by magnetorelaxometric (MRX) measurements at room temperature whereas the relaxation of smaller particles is too fast to be observed with a conventional MRX setup. In order to extend the size limitation towards smaller particles, we suggest applying temperature dependent magnetorelaxometry (TMRX). In this study, we outline and validate the procedure experimentally for temperatures between 5 K and 200 K on in-vitro preparations of MNP using a conventional MPMS SQUID magnetometer. On this basis, we applied TMRX for the in-vitro quantification of small sized MNP uptake by tumor cells, i.e. on HeLa and Jurkat tumor cell lines, reaching a detection limit of about 100 ng. We further showed that TMRX signals are characteristic for particular MNP preparations, opening the possibility to observe changes in the particle size distribution during the uptake of MNP by a biological system.
A study on the technological innovation performance of the manufacturing industry in Zhejiang province of China1

Manufacturing is the main body of the industry and the major area of the technological innovation in Zhejiang province. In view of the mismatch of the development scale, speed and innovation ability of the manufacturing industry in Zhejiang province, the paper focused on studying the technological innovation performance of the manufacturing industry. Enhancing the technological innovation performance is the foundation of improving the technological innovation ability, and it is also the basic premise of the empirical analysis on this topic. Through taking the manufacturing industry of Zhejiang province as the research object, its industry differences, the effect and efficiency of the technological innovation are emphatically researched by using the parametric and nonparametric techniques. As a result, the changes and the influence factors of the manufacturing industry performance in Zhejiang province are systemically investigated in this paper.
Program Verification by Symbolic Execution of Hyperfinite Ideal Machines

We have described Ariel and the approach to program verification upon which it is based. The full paper includes a sample verification of a numerical program. We have built a prototype verification system and are in the process of trying it out on a suite of production numerical routines. These routines implement a continuous simulation of a rocket trajectory. They comprise about 1400 lines of C code (translated from the original FORTRAN) and calculate such things as a solution to the two-body problem, a Runge-Kutta integration, a Newton-Raphson iteration to solve a version of Kepler's equation, etc. Our prototype verifys programs written in a subset of C; we are extending the C system to handle Unix system calls and are in the process of designing a new system for (a subset of) Ada.
Exercising with reserve: evidence that the central nervous system regulates prolonged exercise performance

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of an amphetamine (methylphenidate) on exercise performance at a fixed rating of perceived exertion of 16. Methods: Eight elite cyclists ingested 10 mg methylphenidate in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Results: Compared with placebo, subjects receiving methylphenidate cycled for approximately 32% longer before power output fell to 70% of the starting value. At the equivalent time at which the placebo trial terminated, subjects receiving methylphenidate had significantly higher power outputs, oxygen consumptions, heart rates, ventilatory volumes and blood lactate concentrations although electromyographic activity remained unchanged. The ingestion of a centrally acting stimulant thus allowed subjects to exercise for longer at higher cardiorespiratory and metabolic stress indicating the presence of a muscular reserve in the natural state. Conclusions: This suggests that endurance performance is not only “limited” by mechanical failure of the exercising muscles (“peripheral fatigue”). Rather performance during prolonged endurance exercise under normal conditions is highly regulated by the central nervous system to ensure that whole-body homeostasis is protected and an emergency reserve is always present.
Ambient ionization and direct identification of volatile organic compounds with microwave-induced plasma mass spectrometry.

An innovative method of volatile organic compounds analysis by using microwave-induced plasma ionization (MIPI) source in combination with an ambient ion trap mass spectrometer is presented here. Using MIPI for direct sample vapor, analysis was achieved without any sample preparation or subsequent heating. The relative abundance of the target compounds can be obtained almost instantly within a few seconds. The ionization processes of different volatile compounds was optimized, and the limits of detection were identified in the range of 0.15-4.5 pptv or 0.73-8.80 pg ml(-1). The relative standard deviation (RSD) is in the range of 4-14%, while correlation coefficients of the working curves (R(2)) are better than 0.98. The new method possesses advantages of ease operation, time-saving, high sensitivity and inexpensive setup. In addition, the ionization processes of short n-alkane chains were investigated with the MIPI technique, and a unique [M + 13](+) was detected, which has not been reported in detail by any other related ionization techniques. An ionization mechanism was proposed on the basis of the experimental results obtained in this work and available information in literatures, in which the n-alkanes in the plasma environment possibly generate protonated cyclopentadiene [M - 5](+) or alkyl-substituted analogues as well as hydrous ions [M + 13](+) and [M + 13 + 18](+), as shown in Scheme 1 in the main text.
Linearity of Personality–Performance Relationships: A Large-Scale Examination

This paper reviews theory and past research concerning nonlinear relationships between personality tests and job performance. We compare linear and nonlinear regression models for each of the 32 Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ32i) scales using job performance as the criterion variable. We evaluate linear, quadratic, and cubic relationships between personality and job performance by calculating changes in R (ΔR) between the linear and nonlinear models. We use 3 decision rules of varying levels for ΔR and divide a large sample randomly into 2 samples to cross-validate any nonlinear effects found. Few scales exhibited nonlinearity and the magnitude of the departures from linearity were small.