Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A solution for the automated detection of clickjacking attacks

Clickjacking is a web-based attack that has recently received a wide media coverage. In a clickjacking attack, a malicious page is constructed such that it tricks victims into clicking on an element of a different page that is only barely (or not at all) visible. By stealing the victim's clicks, an attacker could force the user to perform an unintended action that is advantageous for the attacker (e.g., initiate an online money transaction). Although clickjacking has been the subject of many discussions and alarming reports, it is currently unclear to what extent clickjacking is being used by attackers in the wild, and how significant the attack is for the security of Internet users. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for the automated and efficient detection of clickjacking attacks. We describe the system that we designed, implemented and deployed to analyze over a million unique web pages. The experiments show that our approach is feasible in practice. Also, the empirical study that we conducted on a large number of popular websites suggests that clickjacking has not yet been largely adopted by attackers on the Internet.
The Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis

Targeting immune cells or factors are effective for patients with solid tumors. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to have immunosuppressive functions, and the levels of MDSCs in patients with solid tumor are assumed to have prognostic values. This meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the relationship between MDSCs and the prognosis of patients with solid tumors. We searched articles in PUBMED and EMBASE comprehensively, updated to March 2016. Eight studies with 442 patients were included in the meta-analysis. We analyzed pooled hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The results showed that MDSCs were associated with poor OS (HR, 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.42–2.66; P < 0.0001) in patients with solid tumors. PFS/RFS (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.16–2.97; P = 0.01) also indicated the association between MDSCs and prognosis. The HRs and 95% CIs for OS in Asian and non-Asian patients were 2.53 (95% CI 1.61–3.42, p < 0.00001) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.14–2.46, p < 0.0001), respectively. We further analyzed the data according to tumor types. The combined HRs and 95% CIs for OS were 1.26 (95% CI 1.10–1.44, p = 0.0003) for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, 2.59 (95% CI 1.69–3.98, p < 0.0001) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 1.86 (95% CI 1.26–2.75, p = 0.002) for other tumor types. In conclusion, MDSCs had a fine prognostic value for OS and PFS/RFS in patients with solid tumors. MDSCs could be used as biomarkers to evaluate prognosis in clinical practice.
Spatial and seasonal variability of dissolved organic matter in the Cariaco Basin

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (DON), and phosphorus (DOP) were measured monthly at the CARIACO Time Series station (10°30′N, 64°40′W) in the southeastern Caribbean Sea between 2005 and 2012. Marked seasonal variability in DOC concentrations was observed, with lower values (~66 µM) in the upper water column (<75 m) during the upwelling season (December–April) due to the injection of cool, DOC‐impoverished Subtropical Underwater from the Caribbean Sea. During the rainy season (May–November) waters were stratified and upper layer DOC concentrations increased to ~71 µM. Interannual variability in surface (1 m) concentrations of DOC was also observed in response to the variable strength in upwelling and stratification that the Cariaco Basin experienced. DON and DOP showed no such seasonality. At depths >350 m, DOC concentrations were 56 ± 4.7 µM, roughly 10 µM higher than those in the Caribbean Sea over the same depth range. DON and DOP showed similar vertical profiles to that of DOC, with higher concentrations (6.8 ± 1.2 µM N and 0.15 ±0.09 µM P) in the upper water column and invariant, lower concentrations at depth (4.8 ± 1.6 µM N and 0.10 ± 0.08 µM P). Wind‐driven advection of surface DOC out of the Cariaco Basin was estimated to support a net export ~15 Gmol C yr−1 into the Caribbean Sea; this rate is comparable to the flux of settling particulate organic carbon to depths >275 m within the basin.
A low power maximum power point tracker and power management system in 0.5µm CMOS

This paper presents a low-power maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and power management system (PM) for energy harvesting devices, including micro-photovoltaic (PV) cells, integrated in a 0.5 μm 2P3M CMOS process. The MPPT utilizes the fractional open circuit method which approximates the optimal operating voltage of the PV cell as a fixed fraction of the cell's open circuit voltage. The proposed system uses an inductive boost converter with off-chip inductor and a novel charge skimming regulator (CSR) structure to simultaneously generate 1.8 V and 1.2V supplies which are stored in supercapacitors. The PM manages the system supply according to available resources. The total power consumption of the chip was measured to be 11.3 μW.
Comparing Benchmarks Using Key Microarchitecture-Independent Characteristics

Understanding the behavior of emerging workloads is important for designing next generation microprocessors. For addressing this issue, computer architects and performance analysts build benchmark suites of new application domains and compare the behavioral characteristics of these benchmark suites against well-known benchmark suites. Current practice typically compares workloads based on microarchitecture-dependent characteristics generated from running these workloads on real hardware. There is one pitfall though with comparing benchmarks using microarchitecture-dependent characteristics, namely that completely different inherent program behavior may yield similar microarchitecture-dependent behavior. This paper proposes a methodology for characterizing benchmarks based on microarchitecture-independent characteristics. This methodology minimizes the number of inherent program characteristics that need to be measured by exploiting correlation between program characteristics. In fact, we reduce our 47-dimensional space to an 8-dimensional space without compromising the methodology's ability to compare benchmarks. The important benefits of this methodology are that (i) only a limited number of microarchitecture-independent characteristics need to be measured, and (ii) the resulting workload characterization is easy to interpret. Using this methodology we compare 122 benchmarks from 6 recently proposed benchmark suites. We conclude that some benchmarks in emerging benchmark suites are indeed similar to benchmarks from well-known benchmark suites as suggested through a microarchitecture-dependent characterization. However, other benchmarks are dissimilar based on a microarchitecture-independent characterization although a microarchitecture-dependent characterization suggests the opposite to be true
Adoption process of upgrading software: an empirical study of Windows XP

There are many studies in information systems on the adoption of new innovations. This paper, on the other hand, presents the findings of an empirical study, which explores factors affecting the adoption of upgrading software. End users' perception of former products significantly affects their adoption of the upgrading products and thus, their behavior changes accordingly. We use Windows operating systems as an example. Most people have been using Windows operating systems. They are familiar with the current software. Although Microsoft has enhanced the capabilities of new Windows operating systems, these new features are sometimes more than necessary. Thus, what factors drive the users to upgrade? A survey is carried out in a university and a government department. 300 data points from microcomputer users are collected. Five hypotheses are formulated to test research concepts from marketing and information systems. From the marketer's point of view, our findings indicate that adopters of upgrade software are stronger in opinion leadership and more independent when making purchase decisions. They also prefer seeking product information by their own effort. We have borrowed two innovation acceptance factors, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, from the technology acceptance model in information systems. We find that upgraders and non-upgraders have different perceptions of ease of use and usefulness in the older software versions. Furthermore, software usefulness is more significant and crucial to urge the users to buy new version products than software ease of use. Implications of our findings, from both a researcher's and a practitioner's perspectives are discussed.
Learning to Recognize Names Across Languages

The development of natural language processing (NLP) systems that perform machine translation (MT) and information retrieval (IR) has highlighted the need for the automatic recognition of proper names. While various name recognizers have been developed, they suffer from being too limited; some only recognize one name class, and all are language specific. This work develops an approach to multilingual name recognition that allows a system optimized for one language to be ported to another with little additional effort and resources. An initial core set of linguistic features, useful for name recognition in most languages, is identified. When porting to a new language, these features need to be converted (partly by hand, partly by on-line lists), after which point machine learning (ML) techniques build decision trees that map features to name classes. A system initially optimized for English has been successfully ported to Spanish and Japanese. Only a few days of human effort for each new language results in performance levels comparable to that of the best current English systems.
How to Tell a Schneemann from a Milchmann: An Annotation Scheme for Compound-Internal Relations

This paper presents a language-independent annotation scheme for the semantic relations that link the constituents of noun-noun compounds, such as Schneemann ‘snow man’ or Milchmann ‘milk man’. The annotation scheme is hybrid in the sense that it assigns each compound a two-place label consisting of a semantic property and a prepositional paraphrase. The resulting inventory combines the insights of previous annotation schemes that rely exclusively on either semantic properties or prepositions, thus avoiding the known weaknesses that result from using only one of the two label types. The proposed annotation scheme has been used to annotate a set of 5112 German noun-noun compounds. A release of the dataset is currently being prepared and will be made available via the CLARIN Center Tubingen. In addition to the presentation of the hybrid annotation scheme, the paper also reports on an inter-annotator agreement study that has resulted in a substantial agreement among annotators.
Probabilistic Expert Knowledge Elicitation of Feature Relevances in Sparse Linear Regression

Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) This material is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user. Daee, Pedram; Peltola, Tomi; Soare, Marta; Kaski, Samuel
Reorganization of North Atlantic Marine Copepod Biodiversity and Climate

We provide evidence of large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and European shelf seas. We demonstrate that strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages have occurred with a northward extension of more than 10° latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These biogeographical shifts are in agreement with recent changes in the spatial distribution and phenology detected for many taxonomic groups in terrestrial European ecosystems and are related to both the increasing trend in Northern Hemisphere temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Build Up Organizational Innovativeness: An Integrated View

Innovativeness has been regarded as an important organizational capacity to secure long-run competitive position and bottom-line performance. Prior research from different disciplines has shed some light on the capability-building process for innovativeness. However, an integrated understanding is still missing. This study is aimed to address this void. Based on resource-based view, this study integrates the strategic, process, technological factors to explain the development of innovativeness and further examines their interactive relationships. The research model was tested with 114 organizations that have implemented KMS applications. The empirical results provide strong support for our research model. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed
Extensible video surveillance software with simultaneous event detection for low and high density crowd analysis

Manual analysis of large volumes of video surveillance footage stemming from the widespread deployment of security cameras is error prone, expensive and time consuming. Despite the commercial availability of software for automated analysis, many products lack third party extensibility, the capability to perform simultaneous event detection and have no provision for anomaly detection in highly dense crowded scenes. We present a plugin based software system for video surveillance applications addressing these shortcomings and achieve realtime performance in typical crowded scenes. Core parameters are computed once per frame and shared among plugins to improve performance by eliminating redundant calculations. A novel multiple pedestrian tracking algorithm is incorporated into the framework to achieve the expected performance. We also propose an improvement to anomaly detection in densely crowded scenes using non-trajectory based dominant motion pattern clusters that can enhance the detection capability of the state-of-the-art.
Shared receive queue based scalable MPI design for InfiniBand clusters

Clusters of several thousand nodes interconnected with InfiniBand, an emerging high-performance interconnect, have already appeared in the Top 500 list. The next-generation InfiniBand clusters are expected to be even larger with tens-of-thousands of nodes. A high-performance scalable MPI design is crucial for MPI applications in order to exploit the massive potential for parallelism in these very large clusters. MVAPICH is a popular implementation of MPI over InfiniBand based on its reliable connection oriented model. The requirement of this model to make communication buffers available for each connection imposes a memory scalability problem. In order to mitigate this issue, the latest InfiniBand standard includes a new feature called shared receive queue (SRQ) which allows sharing of communication buffers across multiple connections. In this paper, we propose a novel MPI design which efficiently utilizes SRQs and provides very good performance. Our analytical model reveals that our proposed designs take only 1/10th the memory requirement as compared to the original design on a cluster sized at 16,000 nodes. Performance evaluation of our design on our 8-node cluster shows that our new design was able to provide the same performance as the existing design while requiring much lesser memory. In comparison to tuned existing designs our design showed a 20% and 5% improvement in execution time of NAS Benchmarks (Class A) LU and SP, respectively. The high performance Linpack was able to execute a much larger problem size using our new design, whereas the existing design ran out of memory
DNA Topoisomerase I Gene Copy Number and mRNA Expression Assessed as Predictive Biomarkers for Adjuvant Irinotecan in Stage II/III Colon Cancer

Purpose: Prospective–retrospective assessment of the TOP1 gene copy number and TOP1 mRNA expression as predictive biomarkers for adjuvant irinotecan in stage II/III colon cancer. Experimental Design: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue microarrays were obtained from an adjuvant colon cancer trial (PETACC3) where patients were randomized to 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid with or without additional irinotecan. TOP1 copy number status was analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a TOP1/CEN20 dual-probe combination. TOP1 mRNA data were available from previous analyses. Results: TOP1 FISH and follow-up data were obtained from 534 patients. TOP1 gain was identified in 27% using a single-probe enumeration strategy (≥4 TOP1 signals per cell) and in 31% when defined by a TOP1/CEN20 ratio ≥ 1.5. The effect of additional irinotecan was not dependent on TOP1 FISH status. TOP1 mRNA data were available from 580 patients with stage III disease. Benefit of irinotecan was restricted to patients characterized by TOP1 mRNA expression ≥ third quartile (RFS: HRadjusted, 0.59; P = 0.09; OS: HRadjusted, 0.44; P = 0.03). The treatment by TOP1 mRNA interaction was not statistically significant, but in exploratory multivariable fractional polynomial interaction analysis, increasing TOP1 mRNA values appeared to be associated with increasing benefit of irinotecan. Conclusions: In contrast to the TOP1 copy number, a trend was demonstrated for a predictive property of TOP1 mRNA expression. On the basis of TOP1 mRNA, it might be possible to identify a subgroup of patients where an irinotecan doublet is a clinically relevant option in the adjuvant setting of colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 22(7); 1621–31. ©2015 AACR.
Assessment of Dynamic Risk Factors: An Independent Validation Study of the Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender Version

The Violence Risk Scale: Sexual Offender Version (VRS:SO) is a rating scale designed to assess risk among sexual offenders and the degree of change achieved in treatment. The scale consists of 7 static and 17 dynamic risk items, with protocols for measuring treatment change based on the Transtheoretical Change Model. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the VRS:SO on an independent sample of 218 child molesters who received treatment at a prison-based program in New Zealand and who were followed up for an average of 12.2 years. Supporting the initial validation of the VRS:SO, the results indicated good interrater reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the measure—VRS:SO scores were predictive of sexual recidivism (for Dynamic and Total scores, area under the curve value ~ .80), and the dynamic scale made significant incremental contributions after controlling for static risk. The authors also analyzed the validity of the factor structure of the VRS:SO dynamic scale and compared the measure with an alternative measure of dynamic risk based on a self-report psychometric battery.
CO2 as a Primary Driver of Phanerozoic Climate Change

Royer et al. (2004) introduce a seawater pH correction to the Phanerozoic temperature reconstruction based on δO variations in marine fossils. Although this correction is a novel idea and it is likely to have played some role in offsetting the δO record, we show that (a) The correction cannot be as large as claimed by Royer et al. (b) Irrespective of the size of the correction, a CO2 signature cannot possibly be seen in the data. (c) Even though the CO2 signature cannot be seen, the pH correction implies only a somewhat higher global temperature sensitivity than that in Shaviv and Veizer (2003), a sensitivity that is consistent with a “black body Earth”, but only marginally with the lower limit of the IPCC range.
Explaining Subsumption in Description Logics

This paper explores the explanation of subsumption reasoning in Description Logics that are implemented using normalization methods, focusing on the perspective of knowledge engineers. The notion of explanation is specified using a proof-theoretic framework for presenting the inferences supported in these systems. The problem of overly long explanations is addressed by decomposing them into smaller, independent steps, using the notions of "atomic description" and "atomic justification". Implementation aspects are explored by considering the design space and some desiderata for explanation modules. This approach has been implemented for the CLASSIC knowledge representation system.
Micro RNAs mir‐106a, mir‐122 and mir‐197 are increased in severe acute viral hepatitis with coagulopathy

The severity of acute viral hepatitis, which may be caused by several distinct viruses, varies among individual patients. In rare cases, severe hepatic injury with sudden loss of liver function may occur, which is clinically indicated by the occurrence of coagulopathy or encephalopathy. As the molecular mechanisms of this liver injury are largely unknown, we investigated extracellular micro RNA (miRNA) profiles in 54 patients acutely infected with one of four different hepatotropic viruses, in order to identify those miRNAs which indicate severe viral hepatitis associated with coagulopathy.
From Visual Query to Visual Portrayal

In this paper we show how online images can be automatically exploited for scene visualization and reconstruction starting from a mere visual query provided by the user. A visual query is used to retrieve images of a landmark place using a visual search engine. These images are used to reconstruct robust 3nD features and camera poses in projective space. Novel views are then rendered corresponding to a virtual camera ying smoothly through the projective space by triangulation of the projected points in the output view. We introduce a method to fuse the rendered novel views from all input images at each virtual view point by computing their intrinsic image and illuminations. This approach allows us to remove the occlusions and maintain consistent and controlled illumination throughout the rendered sequence. We demonstrate the performance of our prototype system on two landmark structures.
Regulation of axotomy‐induced dopaminergic neuron death and c‐Jun phosphorylation by targeted inhibition of cdc42 or mixed lineage kinase

Mechanical transection of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway at the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) results in the delayed degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). We have previously demonstrated that c‐Jun activation is an obligate component of neuronal death in this model. Here we identified the small GTPase, cdc42, and mixed lineage kinases (MLKs) as upstream factors regulating neuronal loss and activation of c‐Jun following MFB axotomy. Adenovirus‐mediated expression of a dominant‐negative form of cdc42 in nigral neurons blocked MFB axotomy‐induced activation (phosphorylation) of MAP kinase kinase 4 (MKK4) and c‐Jun, resulting in attenuation of SNpc neuronal death. Pharmacological inhibition of MLKs, MKK4‐activating kinases, significantly reduced the phosphorylation of c‐Jun and abrogated dopaminergic neuronal degeneration following MFB axotomy. Taken together, these findings suggest that death of nigral dopaminergic neurons following axotomy can be attenuated by targeting cell signaling events upstream of c‐Jun N‐terminal mitogen‐activated protein kinase/c‐Jun.