Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Unsupervised Approach for Video Text Localization

A new video text localization approach is proposed. First, some pre-processing techniques, including color space conversion and histogram equalization, are applied to the input video frames to obtain the enhanced gray-scale images. Features are then extracted using wavelet transform to represent the texture property of text regions. Next, an unsupervised fuzzy c-means classifier is performed to discriminate candidate text pixels from background. Effective operations such as the morphological dilation operation and logical AND operation are applied for locating text blocks. A projection analysis technique is then employed to extract text lines. Finally, some geometric heuristics are used to remove noise regions and refine location of text lines. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is superior to other three representative approaches in term of total detection rate.
Do different measures tap the same genetic influences? A multi-method study of activity level in young twins.

Activity level (AL) is a highly salient feature of child behaviour that has been linked to developmental outcome. Twin studies of parent-rated, observer-rated and mechanically assessed AL in childhood find that AL is genetically influenced. Few studies, however, consider whether different methods of assessing AL have a shared genetic etiology. Those that do, confound methods and situations. The present study examined whether actigraph and rater-based (parent, observer) measures of AL tap the same genetic influences in a sample of 312 2-year-old twin pairs. Methods were studied within the same situation, thereby controlling for situational influences on AL. The genetic correlation between actigraph and parent-rated AL in the home was . 38, indicating modest genetic overlap between the two methods. In contrast, the correlation of genetic effects on actigraph and observer-rated AL in the laboratory was . 95, indicating that both laboratory-based measures of AL are influenced by the same genetic effects.
UNRELIABILITY OF ULTRASTRUCTURAL DEMONSTRATION OF ENZYMES WHICH DEPEND UPON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRODUCTION FROM ACTION ON THEIR SUBSTRATES

Kuhlmann amid Avrameas (3) claim to have demonstrated the ultrastructural sites of glucose oxidase and galactose oxidase activity which produce hydrogen peroxide, with the reagents horseradish peroxidase and diaminobenzidine (DAB) followed by osmication. The ultrastructural demonustratiomu of horseradish peroxidase with DAB and 11202 followed by osmication was introduced by Graham and Karnovsky (2), and the method is very reliable and extremely useful for the purpose for which the method was originally proposed (2). However, the method cannot be used to demonstrate ultrastructural sites of H202 production as proposed by Kuhlmann and Avrameas (3). Uuifortunately the diffusibility of H2O2 far exceeds the ability of the protein, horseradish peroxidase, to penetrate tissue. As a matter of fact, horseradish peroxidase penetrates cells on incubation via the cisternae in the cells, as clearly demonstrated imu their photomicrographs (3). It is more thanu probable that the hydrogenu peroxide produced by glucose or galactose oxidase activity rapidly diffused to the sites where the horseradish peroxidase had been able to penetrate along with the reagent DAB. This serious shortcominig would apply to thie ultrastructural demonstration of amiy emizyme that produces H202. The authors probably could have obtained the same picture by performing the control experiment, which they unfortumuately neglected to do, of imicubating the tissue mi horseradish peroxidase-DAB medium for 1 hr, followed by the addition of H202 and osmicatiomi. Since it has been shown (1) that horseradish peroxidase is washed out from the cisternae with 2 X 10 mm washed in buffer unless the horseradish peroxidase is fixed by horseradish peroxidase amitibody in the cisternae, the control sections should not be washed. The burden of proof that horseradish peroxidase can penetrate to all parts of the cell resides with the authors. Especially distressing to me is the reference to our paper out the use of DAB for demonstrating cytochrome oxidase as evidence that catalase is able to penetrate tissue blocks (4). Ini that paper we expressed doubt that catalase was able to penetrate the tissue blocks and at most could only keep the inucubation medium free of H2O2. Since we did not provide any evidence that catahase penetrated tissue blocks, it is improper to refer to this paper to bolster the notion that horseradish peroxidase can penetrate tissue to any greater extent than the movement into cisternae, which they demonstrate. It is, therefore, nearer the’truth to suggest that these authors are, in fact, demonstrating the ultrastructural sites of peneteration of horseradish peroxidase amid niot the ultrastructural sites of H2O2 productiomu by glucose oxidase or galactose oxidase activity. From this it follows that glucose oxidase canitiot be used as an ultrastructural antigent marker with this method (3).
Deep Multimodal Learning: Merging Sensory Data for Massive MIMO Channel Prediction

Existing work in intelligent communications has recently made preliminary attempts to utilize multi-source sensing information (MSI) to improve the system performance. However, the research on MSI aided intelligent communications has not yet explored how to integrate and fuse the multimodal sensory data, which motivates us to develop a systematic framework for wireless communications based on deep multimodal learning (DML). In this paper, we first present complete descriptions and heuristic understandings on the framework of DML based wireless communications, where core design choices are analyzed in the view of communications. Then, we develop several DML based architectures for channel prediction in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that leverage various modality combinations and fusion levels. The case study of massive MIMO channel prediction offers an important example that can be followed in developing other DML based communication technologies. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DML framework can effectively exploit the constructive and complementary information of multimodal sensory data to assist the current wireless communications.
DEFINICIÓN DE LAS PAUTAS Y CONDICIONES DE MONITORIZACIÓN, ENCAPSULADO Y FIJACIÓN DE SENSORES DE FIBRA ÓPTICA PARA LA MEDIDA DE DEFORMACIÓN Y TEMPERATURA EN ESTRUCTURAS

Acontecimientos como el colapso de las dos torres del Skyline Center Project en Virginia (1973), el colapso del puente I-35W sobre el rio Mississipi en Mineapolis (2007) y, mas recientemente, del puente colgante Kutai Kartanegara en Indonesia (2011) ponen de manifiesto la gran importancia y necesidad de monitorizar ciertas estructuras para poder evaluar su seguridad estructural en tiempo real. El exito de esta tarea depende fundamentalmente de dos aspectos. Por un lado, los sistemas y sensores empleados deben ser precisos y fiables a la vez que posibiliten una instrumentacion segura, facil y economica. Por otro lado, es necesario contar con pautas generales de monitorizacion de distintas tipologias estructurales que proporcionen una guia sobre como debe instrumentarse una estructura. En este contexto general, esta tesis disena y propone nuevos sensores para la monitorizacion estructural basados en la tecnologia de la fibra optica por las ventajas comparativas que ofrece este material. La investigacion se justifica por las limitaciones de las tecnologias actualmente disponibles y ha comprendido las fases siguientes: - Desarrollo de un sensor optico puntual basado en redes de Bragg para medir deformaciones y temperaturas. - Desarrollo de un sensor optico de longitud basado en redes de Bragg para medir deformaciones - Estudio y calibracion de sensores distibuidos para medir deformaciones, basados en el fenomeno de dispersion de la luz. - Ensayos con probetas en laboratorio de los sensores desarrollados. - Comprobacion y optimizacion del funcionamiento de los sensores mediante modelos numericos realizados con el metodo de elementos finitos. - Comprobacion del comportamiento de los sensores en estructuras reales y mejora en su caso de su diseno. Las estructuras monitorizadas abarcan una gran variedad de materiales y tipologias como son el tablero de un puente empujado, una losa postesa de edificacion, el encepado de cimentacion de un puente atirantado de 318 m. de luz o
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity by the gp41 Core: Role of a Conserved Hydrophobic Cavity in Membrane Fusion

ABSTRACT The gp41 envelope protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains an α-helical core structure responsible for mediating membrane fusion during viral entry. Recent studies suggest that a conserved hydrophobic cavity in the coiled coil of this core plays a distinctive structural role in maintaining the fusogenic conformation of the gp41 molecule. Here we investigated the importance of this cavity in determining the structure and biological activity of the gp41 core by using the N34(L6)C28 model. The high-resolution crystal structures of N34(L6)C28 of two HIV-1 gp41 fusion-defective mutants reveal that each mutant sequence is accommodated in the six-helix bundle structure by forming the cavity with different sets of atoms. Remarkably, the mutant N34(L6)C28 cores are highly effective inhibitors of HIV-1 infection, with 5- to 16-fold greater activity than the wild-type molecule. The enhanced inhibitory activity by fusion-defective mutations correlates with local structural perturbations close to the cavity that destabilize the six-helix bundle. Taken together, these results indicate that the conserved hydrophobic coiled-coil cavity in the gp41 core is critical for HIV-1 entry and its inhibition and provides a potential antiviral drug target.
Adaptive Tracking Control of an Uncertain Nonholonomic Robot

In this paper, a new controller is proposed by using backstepping method for the trajectory tracking problem of nonholonomic dynamic mobile robots with nonholonomic constraints under the condition that there is a distance between the mass center and the geometrical center and the distance is unknown. And an adaptive feedback controller is also proposed for the case that some kinematic parameters and dynamic parameters are uncertain. The asymptotical stability of the control system is proved with Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed controller. The comparison with the previous methods is made to show the effectiveness of the method in this article.
ctive Modulations in Human Cortex

For neural activity to be linked with cognitive function, information is needed about both the temporal dynamics and the content of neural codes. Traditionally, recording of single neurons in animals has been the primarymeans of obtaining high temporal resolution and precise information about neural tuning properties such as selectivity for different sensory features. Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans have been able tomeasure feature selectivity within specific subregions of sensory cortex (e.g., orientation selectivity in primary visual cortex, or V1) [1, 2]. However, investigating the neural mechanisms that support cognitive processing—which often occurs rapidly on a subsecond scale—with a temporally insensitive method such as fMRI severely limits the types of inferences that can be drawn. Here, we describe a new method for tracking the rapid temporal evolution of feature-selective information processing with scalp recordings of electroencephalography (EEG). We generate orientation-selective response profiles based on the spatially distributed pattern of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) responses to flickering visual stimuli. Using this approach, we report a multiplicative attentional modulation of these featureselective response profiles with a temporal resolution of 24–120 ms, which is far faster than that achieved with fMRI. Finally, we show that behavioral performance on a discrimination task can be predicted based on the amplitude of these temporally precise feature-selective response profiles. This method thus provides a high-temporal-resolution metric that can be used to track the influence of cognitive manipulations on feature-selective information processing in human cortex.
Submillimetre observations of WISE/radio-selected AGN and their environments

We present JCMT SCUBA-2 850 μm submillimetre (submm) observations of 30 mid-infrared (mid-IR) luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected jointly by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) all-sky IR survey and the NVSS/FIRST radio survey. These rare sources are selected by their extremely red mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and compact radio counterparts. Further investigations show that they are highly obscured, have abundant warm AGN-heated dust and are thought to be experiencing intense AGN feedback. These galaxies appear to be consistent with a later AGN-dominated phase of merging galaxies, while hot, dust-obscured galaxies are an earlier starburst-dominated phase. When comparing the number of submm galaxies detected serendipitously in the surrounding 1.5 arcmin to those in blank-field submm surveys, there is a very significant overdensity, of order 5, but no sign of radial clustering centred at our primary objects. The WISE/radio-selected AGN thus reside in 10-Mpc-scale overdense environments that could be forming in pre-viralized clusters of galaxies. WISE/radio-selected AGNs appear to be the strongest signposts of high-density regions of active, luminous and dusty galaxies. SCUBA-2 850 μm observations indicate that their submm fluxes are low compared to many popular AGN SED templates, hence the WISE/radio-selected AGNs have either less cold and/or more warm dust emission than normally assumed for typical AGN. Most of the targets are not detected, only four targets are detected at SCUBA-2 850 μm, and have total IR luminosities ≥10^(13) L⊙, if their redshifts are consistent with the subset of the 10 SCUBA-2 undetected targets with known redshifts, z ∼ 0.44–2.86.
PDSM: Proceso de Desarrollo de Software Mixto combinando RUP y SCRUM

Existen distintas metodologias que intentan ayudar a las empresas de desarrollo de software a llevar a cabo proyectos exitosos, pero la realidad es que ninguna metodologia es 100% ideal para obtener un producto rentable, en el tiempo estipulado y con la calidad esperada. A la hora de elegir una metodologia se deben tener en cuenta varios factores, tales como capacidades del equipo de trabajo, madurez de los requerimientos, tiempo con el que se cuenta para el desarrollo, interaccion y relacion con el cliente. La experiencia indica que es mejor partir de una metodologia sencilla, a la cual se le puede agregar lo necesario, antes que partir de una metodologia muy completa, a la que se le deba quitar lo no necesario, ya que esto pocas veces se hace en la practica. Basandonos en esto ultimo, se tomaron los mejores conceptos de la metodologia pesada RUP y de la metodologia agil SCRUM para definir un nuevo proceso que ayude al desarrollo de software.
Dependence of charge accumulation on sample thickness in Nano-SiO2 doped IDPE

The effect on space charge accumulation of the introduction of nano-filler into polyethylene is usually studied using thin 100 μm samples in electric fields reaching 100 kV/mm. However, the insulation thickness in an actual HVDC cable is usually some centimeters. Thus there is a great thickness difference between the experiment sample and the insulation application. Here we investigate the thickness dependence of space charge accumulation in unfilled and LDPE doped with nano-SiO2 over a range of temperatures in a field of 50 kV/mm. It is found that the space charge in LDPE/SiO2 nanocomposites exhibits marked thickness dependence whereas in the unfilled LDPE it shows very little thickness dependence. A simulation based on the bipolar injection model and Takada's trapping potential model has been carried out in order to explain the differences. It is found that when the simulation included the effects of charge injection, extraction, trapping, recombination, mobility and diffusion, it is able to explain the heterocharge formation in the unfilled LDPE, and the thickness dependence in the two kinds of materials.
A New Scheme for Text Line and Character Segmentation from Gray Scale Images of Palm Leaf Manuscript

Most of text line and character segmentation methods for handwritten document image basically still depend on the binary image of the document. Unfortunately, for palm leaf manuscript images, the binarization process is a real challenge. We proposed a new binarization free scheme for text line and character segmentation for palm leaf manuscript images. Our scheme consists of 4 sub-tasks: brushing character area of gray level images with minimum filtering, average block projection profile of gray level images, selection of candidate area for segmentation path, and construction of nonlinear segmentation path. For evaluation, we compared our method with the shredding method which is applied in three different schemes of experiment. The experimental results showed that the proposed method performed optimal on the palm leaf manuscript images which contain discolored parts, with low intensity variations or poor contrast, random noises, and fading.
Clinical significance of genome‐wide minimally deleted regions in oral squamous cell carcinomas

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest rate of increase among male cancers in Taiwan. An understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this disease as well as the development of prognostic markers for the clinical management of this disease is very important. Thus, a systematic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis was performed to define minimally deleted regions (MDRs) in 63 male OSCCs using 400 polymorphic microsatellite markers. For increasing reliability, genomic DNA was extracted from >90% tumor cells that had been purified by LCM, and only when a microsatellite marker provided LOH information in >30% of the OSCCs was there considered to be successful allelotyping. A correlation of the various MDRs with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis was carried out. In total, 32 MDRs were identified and ten were noted as novel. In addition, six MDRs were found to be associated with cigarette smoking. Among these markers, a loss of MDR c7r2 (7q32.2‐q35) was significantly associated with poor disease‐free survival (DFS) and ten MDRs were associated with allelic imbalance (AI) in tumors. Among the latter, a loss of MDR c14r1 (14q24.2‐q32.12) and c11r1 (11q13.4‐q25) had a synergistic effect on poor DFS and were able to reduce further the DFS rate in patients with MDR c7r2 loss. Taken together, the results generated in this study provide new insights that help with exploring the molecular mechanisms associated with OSCC tumorigenesis and cigarette smoking. They also should aid the development of potential prognostic markers for the clinical management of OSCC. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensing for opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio: Exploitation of the time to the dead-line

This paper investigates some sensing strategies for a secondary user which has to stop its transmissions within a fixed time when a primary user begins to transmit. Instead of stopping the transmission as soon as a primary user is detected, the fixed time given by the regulation to leave the medium can be exploited until its dead-line by the secondary user. For this purpose, an appropriate sensing strategy has to be used. We show in this paper how to exploit this time to the dead-line. In order to do so, the parameters to tune will be the length and the periodicity and the number of quiet periods used by the secondary user in order to perform sensing. The constraints are to meet a probability of false alarm and of detection for a given sensibility level (in dB). We will show how the channel use of the secondary user may benefit of the exploitation of transmission until the dead-line.
Non‐coding RNAs in the nervous system

Increasing evidence suggests that the development and function of the nervous system is heavily dependent on RNA editing and the intricate spatiotemporal expression of a wide repertoire of non‐coding RNAs, including micro RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs and longer non‐coding RNAs. Non‐coding RNAs may provide the key to understanding the multi‐tiered links between neural development, nervous system function, and neurological diseases.
A study of employees' views of strategic information systems in Iranian banks: the case of internet banking

Internet banking is a tool to achieve competitive advantage and its usage has been spreading rapidly in recent years. This paper strives to identify a comprehensive study of the major internet banking quality measurements, which covers a wide range of literature relevant to international papers and scholars and then evaluate them through using a precise method, Shannon entropy. At the last stage the validated criteria were exploited to survey in Iranian banks. The empirical research consists of a quantitative study of internet banking by a sample of employees in two banks of Iran. In this regard, the raised question is about whether or not the internet banking is a strategic information system according to the investigation of bank employees' viewpoints. Such research considerably would be put into practice by professionals in the banking industry in order to determine the strategic role of internet banking. The intention has been to provide the information system managers with a set of practical indicators in order to help them evaluate internet banking based on the deeply studied indicators of internet banking service quality measurement. Discussions and concluding remarks as well as the results are provided at the end of the paper.
Across-domains transferability of Deep-RED in de-noising and compressive sensing recovery of seismic data

In the past decade, deep learning algorithms gained a remarkable interest in the signal processing community. The availability of big datasets and advanced computational resources resulted in developing efficient algorithms. However, such algorithms are biased towards the training dataset. Thus, the transferability of deep-learning-based operators are challenging, especially when the goal is to apply the learned operator on a new dataset/domain. Lack of transferability of learned operator across domains hinders the applicability of deep learning algorithms in processing seismic data. Unlike camera images, the comprehensively labeled seismic datasets are not available. Moreover, from one task to another, the training parameters should be tuned. To remedy this shortcoming, we have developed a workflow that transfers the learned operator from the camera images to the seismic domain, without modifying its training parameters. The similarities in the algorithms and optimization methods in camera and seismic data processing allow us to do so. Accordingly, by incorporating feed-forward de-noising convolutional neural networks (DnCNN) in regularization by de-noising regularizer, we formulate two transferable optimization problems for de-noising and compressive sensing recovery of seismic data. Simulated and real-world data examples show the efficiency of our proposed workflow.