Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Trade-O ff s of Human Involvement in Self-Adaptive Systems

Software systems are increasingly called upon to autonomously manage their goals in changing contexts and environments, and under evolving requirements. In some circumstances, autonomous systems cannot be fully-automated but instead cooperate with human operators to maintain and adapt themselves. Furthermore, there are times when a choice should be made between doing a manual or automated repair. Involving operators in self-adaptation should itself be adaptive, and consider aspects such as the training, attention, and ability of operators. Not only do these aspects change from person to person, but they may change with the same person. These aspects make the choice of whether to involve humans non-obvious. Self-adaptive systems should trade-off whether to involve operators, taking these aspects into consideration along with other business qualities it is attempting to achieve. In this chapter, we identify the various roles that operators can perform in cooperating with self-adapting systems. We focus on humans as effectors doing tasks which are difficult or infeasible to automate. We describe how we modified our self-adaptive framework, Rainbow, to involve operators in this way, which involved choosing suitable human models and integrating them into the existing utility trade-off decision models of Rainbow. We use probabilistic modeling and quantitative verification to analyze the trade-offs of involving humans in adaptation, and complement our study with experiments to show how different business preferences and modalities of human involvement may result in different outcomes.
Understanding Structures and Affordances of Extended Teams in Global Software Development

Growing popularity of Global Software Development (GSD) has resulted in an increasing number of cross-organizational teams that are formed according to Extended Team Model (ETM). There is little known about the structures (work, social, and communication) that may exist in ETM and what affordances those structures provide to support collaboration and coordination. This paper reports a case study that has studied the structures of an ETM in GSD and how those structures provide affordances for dealing with known GSD challenges. This study has revealed that whilst the current structures in the studied team help deal with different GSD challenges, these structures appear to have certain challenges inherent in them and the affordances they provide. We make a few recommendations for improving the current structures to deal with the observed challenges. Our findings are expected to provide insights into the types of structures and associated challenges for implementing ETM in GSD.
Impact of Technological and Market Changes in Organizational Functioning: The Conceptual Framework in Bourgeois and Marxist Theory and Research*

It is argued that important parts of conventional organization theory have severe conceptual shortcomings when studying changes in organizational functioning in the context of societal change. For example, technological and market changes are misconceived when seen in terms of environment, complexity, or uncertainty. In contrast, Marxian theory of work and morganization is presented. It is argued that Marxian theory provides a more valid conceptual framework both in the study of the interplay of technological and market changes in societal change and in the study of the impact of technology and market in organizational functioning. At the end, the conceptions of Marxian theory are concluded in a number of concep tual clues for empirical research studies.
Nutrient Effects on Biocontrol of Penicillium roqueforti by Pichia anomala J121 during Airtight Storage of Wheat

ABSTRACT The biocontrol yeast Pichia anomala inhibits the growth of a variety of mold species. We examined the mechanism underlying the inhibition of the grain spoilage mold Penicillium roqueforti by the biocontrol yeast P. anomala J121 during airtight storage. The biocontrol effect in a model grain silo with moist wheat (water activity of 0.96) was enhanced when complex medium, maltose, or glucose was added. Supplementation with additional nitrogen or vitamin sources did not affect the biocontrol activity of the yeast. The addition of complex medium or glucose did not significantly influence the yeast cell numbers in the silos, whether in the presence or absence of P. roqueforti. Mold growth was not influenced by the addition of nutrients, if cultivated without yeast. The products of glucose metabolism, mainly ethanol and ethyl acetate, increased after glucose addition to P. anomala-inoculated treatments. Our results suggest that neither competition for nutrients nor production of a glucose-repressible cell wall lytic enzyme is the main mode of action of biocontrol by P. anomala in this grain system. Instead, the mold-inhibiting effect probably is due to the antifungal action of metabolites, most likely a combination of ethyl acetate and ethanol, derived from glycolysis. The discovery that sugar amendments enhance the biocontrol effect of P. anomala suggests novel ways of formulating biocontrol yeasts.
Participation politics: African parents’ negotiation of social identities in school governance and its policy implications

Although there is evidence of parental participation in school governance in South Africa, the question of how these parents manage their participation in these affairs is largely unanswered. This question represents one of the major exclusions in the existing reflections on the school governance debate in the country. Using a qualitative approach, this study investigated the underlying dynamics of social identity as a factor in parents’ engagement in school governance in 10 schools in the Eastern Cape. It provides evidence of the fragmented and dynamic nature of social identity and how it shaped behaviours among the parents. While challenging many contemporary social theories, the paper suggests several implications for policy re‐formulation.
Correlates of Geriatric Loneliness in Philippine Nursing Homes: A Multiple Regression Model

Numerous studies have been conducted worldwide about loneliness in older adults living in nursing homes and the factors associated with it. However, only a few studies have focused on social factors that may predispose these older adults to experience loneliness. The purpose of this study was to examine the interplay between and among loneliness, social isolation, social engagement, and life satisfaction among Filipino elderly (n = 180) recruited from government and nongovernment nursing homes in the Philippines. A multiaspect questionnaire, which included the UCLA Loneliness Scale, Revised Index for Social Engagement, Friendship Scale, and Life Satisfaction for the Third Age-Short Form was used to gather the needed data and information. Results of single and multiple regression analyses indicate an effect of the three factors (social isolation, social engagement, and life satisfaction) on loneliness with social isolation having the greatest impact on loneliness. Notably, increased social isolation, inadequate social engagement and decreased life satisfaction consequently aggravate loneliness. Social engagement produced a positive effect to both social isolation and life satisfaction in a way that a decrease in social engagement will decrease life satisfaction and increase social isolation. On the whole, loneliness in geriatric nursing homes is evident, and it is shaped by social isolation, social engagement and life satisfaction. Impliedly, interventions and measures to minimize loneliness are necessary, and further research is needed to explore other variables contributing to loneliness in geriatric nursing homes.
An adaptive recommender-system based framework for personalised teaching and learning on e-learning platforms

Current learning management systems such as Moodle and WebCT are considered as linear systems that provide e-learning material in a fixed-sequence, delivering the same content to learners regardless of their differences in background knowledge. For learners engaged in self-study online distance learning, this may result in material being presented at either too high or too low cognitive levels. According to the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) theory, this may result in either frustration or boredom among learners. This paper proposes a recommender-system-based adaptive e-learning framework for personalised teaching on e-learning platforms. The framework would assist designers, teachers and learners to identify issues they need to consider in order to address challenges of poor engagement in online distance settings, arising from a “one-size-fits-all” approach that does not recognise the role of individual differences in teaching and learning. Secondly, the framework may enable the identification of problems or obstacles that may be encountered when supporting learners in their quest to reduce frustration and boredom when using a Recommender-Based Pedagogical System (RBPS). A literature review was conducted on adaptive e-learning systems based on the ZPD theory, learner modelling, the Generic Adaptive Framework and a recommendation system model. 70 articles were selected from a database of 720 articles published between 2010 and 2017 to come up with the dimensions needed to develop such a model for the framework through deductive analysis. The research found out that the majority of the studies only consider three dimensions to an adaptive framework, that is, the learner model, the content model and the adaptation engine while the Generic Adaptation Framework proposes seven dimensions. In addition, the majority of the studies are based on the principles of macro-adaptation which provide a “static” snapshot of a learner's profile instead of dynamically adjusting the adaptation as learner variables. In the proposed adaptive framework, we identified five dimensions, including real-time dynamic adaptation and context modelling in addition to the learner model, the domain model and the pedagogical strategy.
Versatile fabrication of intact three-dimensional metallic butterfly wing scales with hierarchical sub-micrometer structures.

properties, which can be modulated by their intrinsicmicrostructures. Such structures, however, are quite difficultto prepare by traditional methods. One promising route tocreate these metallic structures is direct replication fromhierarchical structures of various natural species. Metals havebeen physically deposited onto biological structures tofabricate metallic structures through physical vapor deposi-tion (PVD).
Making sense of economists' positive-normative distinction

The goal of this article is to provide a slightly different spin on economists' use of the positive-normative distinction by providing some context for its use. The major difference is the following: philosophers and philosophically oriented economists, such as Hilary Putnam and John Davis, see the positive-normative distinction in economics as following from the logical positivist position, and they interpret comments made by economists as reflecting scientific methodological positions that have long since been repudiated by philosophers of science. This article argues that economists' use of the positive-normative distinction developed from the Mill–Keynes methodological tradition, which did not hold logical positivist views. Instead, it had pragmatic purposes and was designed to encourage economists to be more modest in their claims for the implications of economic theory. We conclude by arguing that economist's current use of the positive-normative distinction is problematic, as Davis suggests, but that the best way forward is not to eliminate it, but to reposition it within the Mill–Keynes tradition from which it initially developed. Doing so avoids the problems of associating it with logical positivism, while simultaneously using the distinction to remind economists about the limitations of applying economic theorizing to real world problems.
Exploiting Data Compression to Mitigate Aging in GPU Register Files

Nowadays, GPUs sit at the forefront of highperformance computing thanks to their massive computational capabilities. Internally, thousands of functional units, architected to be fed by large register files, fuel such a performance.At nanometer technologies, the SRAM cells that implement register files suffer the Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) effect, which degrades the transistor threshold voltage Vth and, in turn, can make cells faulty unreliable when they hold the same logic value for long periods of time.Fortunately, the GPU single-thread multiple-data execution model writes data in recognizable patterns. This work proposes mechanisms to detect those patterns, and to compress and shuffle the data, so that compressed register file entries can be safely powered off, mitigating NBTI aging.Experimental results show that a conventional GPU register file experiences the worst case for NBTI, since maintains cells with a single logic value during the entire application execution (i.e., a 100% 0 and 1 duty cycle distributions). On average, the proposal reduces these distributions by 61% and 72%, respectively, which translates into Vth degradation savings by 57% and 64%, respectively.
Estrogen‐induced dendritic spine elimination on female rat ventromedial hypothalamic neurons that project to the periaqueductal gray

Neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) that project to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) form a crucial segment of the motor pathway that produces the lordosis posture, the hallmark of female rat sexual behavior. One suggested mechanism through which estrogen facilitates lordosis is by remodeling synaptic connectivity within the VMH. For instance, estrogen alters VMH dendritic spine density. Little is known, however, about the local VMH microcircuitry governing lordosis nor how estrogen alters synaptic connectivity within this local circuit to facilitate sexual behavior. The goal of this study was to define better the neuron types within the VMH microcircuitry and to examine whether estrogen alters synaptic connectivity, as measured by dendritic spine density, on VMH projection neurons. A retrograde tracer was injected into the PAG of ovariectomized rats treated with vehicle or estradiol. Retrogradely labeled VMH neurons were filled with Lucifer yellow, then immunostained for estrogen receptor‐α (ERα). VMH neurons that project to the PAG had more dendrites than functionally unidentified neurons. Additionally, VMH projection neurons could be subdivided into those located within the cluster of ERα‐containing neurons and those medial to the cluster. Estrogen decreased spine density by 57% on the long primary dendrites of VMH projection neurons located within the ERα cluster but not on projection neurons medial to the cluster. Only 4% of the VMH projection neurons expressed ERα. These results suggest that estrogen may facilitate sexual behavior by decreasing spines selectively, via an indirect mechanism, on a subset of VMH neurons that project to the PAG. J. Comp. Neurol. 447:234–248, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Autistic Traits and Suicidal Thoughts, Plans, and Self-Harm in Late Adolescence: Population-Based Cohort Study

Importance There have been recent concerns about a higher incidence of mortality by suicide in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To our knowledge, no large cohort studies have examined which features of autism may lead to suicidal ideation and behaviour, and whether there are any potential modifiable mechanisms. Objective To examine the hypothesis that ASD diagnosis and traits in childhood are associated with suicidal thoughts, plans and self-harm at 16 years, and that any of the observed associations are explained by depression in adolescence at 12 years. Design, setting and participants Prospective investigation of associations between ASD diagnosis and autistic traits with suicidal ideation and behaviour and a potential risk pathway via depression in early adolescence in 5,031 members of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Main outcomes and measures History of self-harm with and without suicidal intent, suicidal thoughts and plans at 16 years assessed using a detailed self-report questionnaire. Exposures were ASD diagnosis and four measures (the coherence subscale of the Children’s Communication Checklist, the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist, a repetitive behaviour measure, and the sociability temperament subscale of the Emotionality, Activity and Sociability scale) dichotomised to represent the autism trait groups. Depressive symptoms in early adolescence were measured by the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire at 12 years. Results Children with impaired social communication had a higher risk of self-harm with suicidal intent (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.28, 3.34), suicidal thoughts (1.42 times (95% CI 1.06, 1.91) and suicidal plans (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.09, 3.47) by the age of 16 years as compared to those without. There was no evidence for an association between ASD diagnosis and the outcomes although these analyses were imprecise due to small numbers. There was also no evidence of an association between other autism trait measures and the outcomes. Approximately 32% of the total estimated association between social communication impairment and self-harm was explained by depressive symptoms at age 12 years. Conclusions Impairments in social communication are important in relation to suicidality. Early identification and management of depression may be a preventative mechanism and future research identifying other modifiable mechanisms may lead to preventative action or interventions against suicidal behaviour in this high-risk group.
The parse is darc and full of errors: Universal dependency parsing with transition-based and graph-based algorithms

We developed two simple systems for dependency parsing: darc, a transition-based parser, and mstnn, a graph-based parser. We tested our systems in the CoNLL 2017 UD Shared Task, with darc being the official system. Darc ranked 12th among 33 systems, just above the baseline. Mstnn had no official ranking, but its main score was above the 27th. In this paper, we describe our two systems, examine their strengths and weaknesses, and discuss the lessons we learned.
Sharing private information online: the mediator effect of social exchange

Advances in information technology facilitate extensive collection and analysis of personal information for the purpose of strategic use by websites or companies. However, the typical reluctance of web users in sharing personal information significantly reduces such opportunity enabled by information technology. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to construct and empirically assess a causal model that explains how web users intend to share their personal information online. In particular, this theoretical model proposes that social exchange attitude mediates the impacts of trust and privacy concern on the intention of sharing personal information. An sample as large as 1249 is collected to test the proposed model. The empirical data strongly supports the hypotheses and suggests that trust and concern for privacy directly and indirectly affects the intention to share personal information via the attitude of social exchange. The direct and indirect impacts of trust are both positive. On the other hand, the direct impact of concern for privacy is negative, whereas the indirect impact is positive.
Representation of Small-World Networks Based on Cloud Model

Complex networks with small-world and scale-free properties are studied across many fields of science. This paper investigates the random and self-organized structure in small-world networks and presents an approach based on cloud model to characterize the dynamical evolution of the networks topology. Once the expectation topology of the interaction network has been defined, various cloud drops representing networks topology can be reproduced by controlling the parameters set of cloud. Regarding one of the first generation cloud drops as new expectation, the next generation of cloud drops can be produced. This process manifests the evolution of networks in a simple but available way.
Empirical Hardness Models for Combinatorial Auctions

Shoham In this chapter we consider the empirical hardness of the winner determination problem. We identify distribution-nonspecific features of data instances and then use statistical regression techniques to learn, evaluate and interpret a function from these features to the predicted hardness of an instance, focusing mostly on ILOG's CPLEX solver. We also describe two applications of these models: building an algorithm portfolio that selects among different WDP algorithms, and inducing test distributions that are harder for this algorithm portfolio.
The Deep Re-Annotation in a Chinese Scientific Treebank

In this paper, we introduce our recent work on re-annotating the deep information, which includes both the grammatical functional tags and the traces, in a Chinese scientific treebank. The issues with regard to re-annotation and its corresponding solutions are discussed. Furthermore, the process of the re-annotation work is described.
'To be, or not to be': Absurd and humoristic descriptions as a strategy to avoid idyllic life stories- boys write about family life

Self-narration has been discussed as a process of identity construction where a person, while telling her or his story and presenting herself/himself in relation to important people, creates a self-identity, in fact a version of self. This article is based on a study where pupils, aged 13-14, were asked to write and make drawings on the theme 'My future family'. The boys' stories are focused on here and the narratives are seen as reflecting the boys' ways of exploring a male identity through their main character. A group of the boys did write about odd or egocentric persons and used absurd ingredients and elements of the science fiction genre. These narratives are analysed in more detail and it is argued that the detached and humorous style opens up for writing about maleness without entering into familiarity.
BASIC SCIENCE REVIEW

The emerging field of proteomics offers great promise for unraveling the complex molecular events of tumorigenesis, as well as those that control clinically important tumor behaviors such as metastases, invasion, and resistance to therapy. Understanding the molecular basis of these tumor characteristics will usher in a new age of individualized cancer therapy. Advances in genomics, the study of genes and gene expression, as well as technologic advances have made possible study of all expressed proteins or the proteome (proteomics). Whereas genomics offers the opportunity to examine gene expression or variation in gene sequence, proteomics encompasses evaluation of protein expression, activation, modification, and degradation and ambitiously targets protein function. Although the present age has already been referred to as the post-genomic era, it is our opinion that both proteomics and genomics will provide clinically useful and complementary information that will speed scientific understanding of cancer. Ultimately, these new technologies will positively impact care of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. VC 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 28: 549–558, 2006