Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feature-based Customer Review Mining

The large amount of the information is a big challenge to the customer’s patience to read all the feedbacks. Topical classification and sentimental classification are proposed to be used in information classification. Several machine learning methods, such as the Naive Bayes, Maximum Entropy classification, and Support Vector Machines are good approaches to solve this problem. However, classic sentimental classification does not find what the reviewer liked or disliked. Our approach generalizes an overall rating and user comments on several features for each product. It calculates an overall rating of the product based on PIM-IR algorithm and generalizes these comments on features using feature-based classification.
Design and Analysis of Circularly Polarized Micro-strip Patch Antenna using HFSS

this paper, design and analysis of circularly polarised micro-strip patch antenna is presented. The use of circularly polarised antenna is an attractive solution to achieve polarization matching between the transmitting and receiving antenna. It is compact design of a square of 35.8 mm side with opposite corner by removing 11 mm each side on Rogers TMM4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.5, thickness of 1.524mm and feed by a coaxial feed technique. The Proposed antenna is operated between 2.4-2.7 GHz with below 2 db VSWR. This antenna is having axial ratio below 3 db over the band of 2.55-2.69 GHz. The Parameter of this antenna such as radiation pattern, return loss, VSWR and axial ratio is simulated using HFSS software.
Oligodendrocytes in HIV-associated pain pathogenesis

Background Although the contributions of microglia and astrocytes to chronic pain pathogenesis have been a focal point of investigation in recent years, the potential role of oligodendrocytes, another major type of glial cells in the CNS that generates myelin, remains largely unknown. Results We report here that cell markers of the oligodendrocyte lineage, including NG2, PDGFRα, and Olig2, are significantly increased in the spinal dorsal horn of HIV patients who developed chronic pain. The levels of myelin proteins myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein are also aberrant in the spinal dorsal horn of “pain-positive” HIV patients. Similarly, the oligodendrocyte and myelin markers are up-regulated in the spinal dorsal horn of a mouse model of HIV-1 gp120-induced pain. Surprisingly, the expression of gp120-induced mechanical allodynia appears intact up to 4 h after myelin basic protein is knocked down or knocked out. Conclusion These findings suggest that oligodendrocytes are reactive during the pathogenesis of HIV-associated pain. However, interfering with myelination does not alter the induction of gp120-induced pain.
How to Prove It

Proof by example: The author gives only the case n = 2 and suggests that it contains most of the ideas of the general proof. Proof by vigorous handwaving: Works well in a classroom or seminar setting. Proof by cumbersome notation: Best done with access to at least four alphabets and special symbols. Proof by exhaustion: An issue or two of a journal devoted to your proof is useful. Proof by omission: 'The reader may easily supply the details' 'The other 253 cases are analogous' '. ' Proof by obfuscation: A long plotless sequence of true and/or meaningless syntactically related statements. Proof by wishful citation: The author cites the negation, converse, or generalization of a theorem from the literature to support his claims.
Automatic tag generation and ranking for sensor-rich outdoor videos

Video tag annotations have become a useful and powerful feature to facilitate video search in many social media and web applications. The majority of tags assigned to videos are supplied by users - a task which is time consuming and may result in annotations that are subjective and lack precision. A number of studies have utilized content-based extraction techniques to automate tag generation. However, these methods are compute-intensive and challenging to apply across domains. Here, we describe a complementary approach for generating tags based on the geographic properties of videos. With today's sensor-equipped smartphones, the location and orientation of a camera can be continuously acquired in conjunction with the captured video stream. Our novel technique utilizes these sensor meta-data to automatically tag outdoor videos in a two step process. First, we model the viewable scenes of the video as geometric shapes by means of its accompanied sensor data and determine the geographic objects that are visible in the video by querying geo-information databases through the viewable scene descriptions. Subsequently we extract textual information about the visible objects to serve as tags. Second, we define six criteria to score the tag relevance and rank the obtained tags based on these scores. Then we associate the tags with the video and the accurately delimited segments of the video. To evaluate the proposed technique we implemented a prototype tag generator and conducted a user study. The results demonstrate significant benefits of our method in terms of automation and tag utility.
Topological transformation approaches to optimizing TCAM-based packet classification systems

Several range reencoding schemes have been proposed to mitigate the effect of range expansion and the limitations of small capacity, large power consumption, and high heat generation of TCAM-based packet classification systems. However, they all disregard the semantics of classifiers and therefore miss significant opportunities for space compression. In this paper, we propose new approaches to range reencoding by taking into account classifier semantics. Fundamentally different from prior work, we view reencoding as a topological transformation process from one colored hyperrectangle to another where the color is the decision associated with a given packet. We present two orthogonal, yet composable, reencoding approaches, domain compression and prefix alignment. Our techniques significantly outperform all previous reencoding techniques. In comparison with the state-of-the-art results, our experimental results show that our techniques achieve at least 7 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for an encoded classifier and at least 3 times more space reduction in terms of TCAM space for a reencoded classifier and its transformers.
Smartphone Text Input Method Performance, Usability, and Preference With Younger and Older Adults

Objective: User performance, perceived usability, and preference for five smartphone text input methods were compared with younger and older novice adults. Background: Smartphones are used for a variety of functions other than phone calls, including text messaging, e-mail, and web browsing. Research comparing performance with methods of text input on smartphones reveals a high degree of variability in reported measures, procedures, and results. This study reports on a direct comparison of five of the most common input methods among a population of younger and older adults, who had no experience with any of the methods. Method: Fifty adults (25 younger, 18–35 years; 25 older, 60–84 years) completed a text entry task using five text input methods (physical Qwerty, onscreen Qwerty, tracing, handwriting, and voice). Entry and error rates, perceived usability, and preference were recorded. Results: Both age groups input text equally fast using voice input, but older adults were slower than younger adults using all other methods. Both age groups had low error rates when using physical Qwerty and voice, but older adults committed more errors with the other three methods. Both younger and older adults preferred voice and physical Qwerty input to the remaining methods. Handwriting consistently performed the worst and was rated lowest by both groups. Conclusion: Voice and physical Qwerty input methods proved to be the most effective for both younger and older adults, and handwriting input was the least effective overall. Application: These findings have implications to the design of future smartphone text input methods and devices, particularly for older adults.
Evaluation of the Pitch Estimation Algorithms in the monopitch and multipitch cases

Reliably tracking the fundamental frequency F0 of the components is an important step in the separation of superimposed speech signals. Several Pitch Estimation Algorithms are potentially usable and a rigorous evaluation method is needed in order to compare them. However, even in the monopitch case, many variations between them render such a comparison difficult. The extent of the F0min‐F0max interval, the use of a priori information on the whole sequence or database, and above all the arbitrary setting of the voicing threshold, yield large differences in the results. These biases can be removed by setting the F0 bounds to fixed values acceptable for many voices, by proceeding with the evaluation on a strictly frame‐to‐frame basis, and by fixing the voicing threshold in order to get an equal error rate for overvoiced and undervoiced frames. In the multipitch case any frame may exhibit 0, 1, or 2 valid voicings according to the coincidence between the voiced and unvoiced parts of both signals. This problem.
How long do satellites need to overlap? Evaluation of climate data stability from overlapping satellite records

Abstract. Sensors on satellites provide unprecedented understanding of the Earth's climate system by measuring incoming solar radiation, as well as both passive and active observations of the entire Earth with outstanding spatial and temporal coverage. A common challenge with satellite observations is to quantify their ability to provide well-calibrated, long-term, stable records of the parameters they measure. Ground-based intercomparisons offer some insight, while reference observations and internal calibrations give further assistance for understanding long-term stability. A valuable tool for evaluating and developing long-term records from satellites is the examination of data from overlapping satellite missions. This paper addresses how the length of overlap affects the ability to identify an offset or a drift in the overlap of data between two sensors. Ozone and temperature data sets are used as examples showing that overlap data can differ by latitude and can change over time. New results are presented for the general case of sensor overlap by using Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) and Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) solar irradiance data as an example. To achieve a 1 % uncertainty in estimating the offset for these two instruments' measurement of the Mg II core (280 nm) requires approximately 5 months of overlap. For relative drift to be identified within 0.1 % yr−1 uncertainty (0.00008 W m−2 nm−1 yr−1), the overlap for these two satellites would need to be 2.5 years. Additional overlap of satellite measurements is needed if, as is the case for solar monitoring, unexpected jumps occur adding uncertainty to both offsets and drifts; the additional length of time needed to account for a single jump in the overlap data may be as large as 50 % of the original overlap period in order to achieve the same desired confidence in the stability of the merged data set. Results presented here are directly applicable to satellite Earth observations. Approaches for Earth observations offer additional challenges due to the complexity of the observations, but Earth observations may also benefit from ancillary observations taken from ground-based and in situ sources. Difficult choices need to be made when monitoring approaches are considered; we outline some attempts at optimizing networks based on economic principles. The careful evaluation of monitoring overlap is important to the appropriate application of observational resources and to the usefulness of current and future observations.
Endostatin is a potential inhibitor of Wnt signaling

Endostatin (ES) is a fragment of collagen XVIII that possesses antiangiogenic activity. To gain insight into ES-mediated signaling, we studied the effects of ES RNA on Xenopus embryogenesis and observed developmental abnormalities consistent with impaired Wnt signaling. ES RNA blocked the axis duplication induced by β-catenin, partially suppressed Wnt-dependent transcription, and stimulated degradation of both wild-type and “stabilized” forms of β-catenin, the latter suggesting that ES signaling does not involve glycogen synthase kinase 3. Moreover, ES uses a pathway independent of the Siah1 protein in targeting β-catenin for proteasome-mediated degradation. ES failed to suppress the effects of T cell–specific factor (TCF)-VP16 (TVP), a constitutive downstream transcriptional activator that acts independently of β-catenin. Importantly, these data were replicated in endothelial cells and also in the DLD-1 colon carcinoma cells with the mutated adenomatous polyposis coli protein. Finally, suppression of endothelial cell migration and inhibition of cell cycle by ES were reversed by TVP. Though high levels of ES were used in both the Xenopus and endothelial cell studies and the effects on β-catenin signaling were modest, these data argue that at pharmacological concentrations ES may impinge on Wnt signaling and promote β-catenin degradation.
Neuronal Models for Sleep-Wake Regulation and Synaptic Reorganization in the Sleeping Hippocampus

In this article, we discuss mathematical models that address the control of sleep-wake behavior in the infant and adult rodent and a model that addresses changes in single-cell firing patterns in the hippocampus across wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep states. Each of the models describes the dynamics of experimentally identified neuronal components—either the firing activity of wake-and sleep-promoting neuronal populations or the spiking activity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Our discussion of each model illustrates how a mathematical model that describes the temporal dynamics of the modeled neuronal components can reveal specifics about proposed neuronal mechanisms that underlie sleep-wake regulation or sleep-specific firing patterns. For example, the dynamics of the models developed for sleep-wake regulation in the infant rodent lend insight into the involved brain-stem neuronal populations and the evolution of the network during maturation. The results of the model for sleep-wake regulation in the adult rodent suggest distinct properties of the involved neuronal populations and their interactions that account for long-lasting and brief waking bouts. The dynamics of the model for sleep-specific hippocampal neural activity proposes neural mechanisms to account for observed activity changes that can invoke synaptic reorganization associated with learning and memory consolidation.
Optical modelling and language modelling trade-off for Handwritten Text Recognition

Training the models needed for Automatic Handwritten Text Recognition of historical documents generally requires a significant amount of human effort. This is mainly due to the great differences that often exist between collections and to the lack of linguistic resources from the period when the documents were written, which results in a need of manual data labelling effort. This paper presents a study on the reuse of models trained with data from a different collection, focusing on the contribution that the language model and the optical models have on the performance. An empirical evaluation is performed using data from Jeremy Bentham manuscripts with the aim of recognising a manuscript about a very different topic written by Jane Austen.
Phagocytosis of Bacteria Adhering to a Biomaterial Surface in a Surface Thermodynamic Perspective

Bacterial biofilms can increase the pathogenicity of infection and constitute a major problem in modern health-care, especially on biomaterial implants and devices. Biofilms are difficult to eradicate by the host immune system, even with antibiotics, and have been the number one cause of biomaterial implant and device failure for decades. Therefore, it is important to understand how immune cells interact with adhering pathogens. This study firstly aims to develop a simple method to quantify phagocytosis of six different strains of staphylococci adhering on a surface with phase-contrast-microscopy. Phagocytosis of adhering staphylococci to a glass surface by phagocytes was quantified in a parallel plate flow chamber, and expressed as a phagocytosis rate, accounting for the number of adhering staphylococci initially present and for the duration of phagocytosis. Murine macrophages were more effective in clearing staphylococci from a surface than human phagocytes, which require differentiation from their monocyte or promyelocytic state during an experiment. Direct visualization of internalization of a GFP-modified S. aureus strain inside phagocytes confirmed the validity of the method proposed. As a second aim, the differences in phagocytosis rates observed were investigated on a surface thermodynamic basis using measured contact angles of liquids on macroscopic lawns of staphylococci and phagocytes, confirming that phagocytosis of adhering pathogens can be regarded as a surface phenomenon. In addition, surface thermodynamics revealed that phagocytosis of adhering pathogens is determined by an interplay of physical attraction between pathogens and phagocytes and the influence of chemo-attractants. For future studies, these results will help to place in vitro experiments and murine infection models in better perspective with respect to human ones.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Relation to Anatomical Site of the Tumour

Background The prevalence and role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the aetiology of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is uncertain. Based on the presence of HPV in the oral cavity and its causal association with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, we hypothesised that HPV is more strongly associated with proximal than distal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods A population-based study comparing HPV infection in relation to tumour site in patients diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas in the Stockholm County in 1999–2006. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction genotyping (PCR) with Luminex was conducted on pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies to identify type specify HPV. Carcinogenic activity of HPV was assessed by p16INK4a expression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results Among 204 patients, 20 (10%) had tumours harbouring HPV DNA, almost all (90%) of HPV high-risk type, mainly HPV16. Tumours containing HPV were not overrepresented in the upper compared to the middle or lower third of the oesophagus (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.2–1.9). P16INK4a expression was similarly common (24% and 16%) in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups. Conclusion This study found a limited presence of HPV in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma of uncertain oncogenic relevance and did not demonstrate that HPV was more strongly associated with proximal than distal tumours.
C II Abundances in Early-Type Stars: Solution to a Notorious Non-LTE Problem

We address a long-standing discrepancy between non-LTE analyses of the prominent C II 4267 and 6578/82 Å multiplets in early-type stars. A comprehensive non-LTE model atom of C II is constructed based on critically selected atomic data. This model atom is used for an abundance study of six apparently slow-rotating main-sequence and giant early B-type stars. High-resolution and high S/N spectra allow us to derive highly consistent abundances not only from the classical features but also from up to 18 additional C II lines in the visual—including two so far unreported emission features equally well reproduced in non-LTE. These results require the stellar atmospheric parameters to be determined with care. A homogeneous (slightly) subsolar present-day carbon abundance from young stars in the solar vicinity (in associations and in the field) of log(C/H) + 12 = 8.29 ± 0.03 is indicated.
Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Receiving Water Quality, and Costs

This Water Environment Research Foundation study considered the relationship between varying nutrient‐removal levels at wastewater treatment plants, greenhouse gas emissions, receiving water quality (measured by potential algal production), and costs. The effluent nutrient concentrations required by some U.S. permits are very low, approaching the technology–best‐achievable performance. This study evaluated five different treatment levels at a nominal 40 ML/d (10 mgd) flow. Greenhouse gas emissions and costs increase gradually up to the technologies' best‐achievable performance, after which they increase exponentially. The gradual increase is attributed to additional biological treatment facilities, increased energy and chemical use, and additional tertiary nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes. Within the limited focus of this study, the evaluation shows that a point of diminishing return is reached as nutrient‐removal objectives approach the technology–best‐achievable performance, where greenhouse gas emissions and cost of treatment increases rapidly while the potential for algal growth reduce marginally.
Locality-aware task management for unstructured parallelism: a quantitative limit study

As we increase the number of cores on a processor die, the on-chip cache hierarchies that support these cores are getting larger, deeper, and more complex. As a result, non-uniform memory access effects are now prevalent even on a single chip. To reduce execution time and energy consumption, data access locality should be exploited. This is especially important for task-based programming systems, where a scheduler decides when and where on the chip the code segments, i.e., tasks, should execute. Capturing locality for structured task parallelism has been done effectively, but the more difficult case, unstructured parallelism, remains largely unsolved - little quantitative analysis exists to demonstrate the potential of locality-aware scheduling, and to guide future scheduler implementations in the most fruitful direction. This paper quantifies the potential of locality-aware scheduling for unstructured parallelism on three different many-core processors. Our simulation results of 32-core systems show that locality-aware scheduling can bring up to 2.39x speedup over a randomized schedule, and 2.05x speedup over a state-of-the-art baseline scheduling scheme. At the same time, a locality-aware schedule reduces average energy consumption by 55% and 47%, relative to the random and the baseline schedule, respectively. In addition, our 1024-core simulation results project that these benefits will only increase: Compared to 32-core executions, we see up to 1.83x additional locality benefits. To capture such potentials in a practical setting, we also perform a detailed scheduler design space exploration to quantify the impact of different scheduling decisions. We also highlight the importance of locality-aware stealing, and demonstrate that a stealing scheme can exploit significant locality while performing load balancing. Over randomized stealing, our proposed scheme shows up to 2.0x speedup for stolen tasks.