Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Wide-Range Field-Emission Vacuum Gauge Short Communication

Miniaturized vacuum gauges (MVGs) for the measurement range 5.7x10-7 to 1.1x10-2 mbar were fabricated in a selfaligned approach using focused ion beam (FIB) nanoma‐ chining and reactive ion etching (RIE). The MVG consists of two properly insulated electrodes integrated on top of an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip, forming a coaxial embodiment. The special design enables us to vary the cathode-anode separation and the turn-on voltage changes accordingly. The experiments show that the MVGs operate at low bias potential and demonstrate very good I-P dependence over a wide pressure range.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the Chlamydomonas gene coding for radial spoke protein 3: flagellar mutation pf-14 is an ochre allele

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii flagellar motility mutant pf-14 fails to assemble radial spokes because of a deficiency for assembly-competent radial spoke protein 3 (Huang, B., G. Piperno, Z. Ramanis, and D. J. L. Luck. 1981. J. Cell Biol. 88:80-88). Here, we raise an antiserum to protein 3 and use it to isolate the corresponding structural gene from an expression library. Southern blot analysis indicates that the gene is single copy and has not undergone major rearrangement in mutant pf- 14 cells. Northern blot analysis suggests that wild-type amounts of an apparently normal 2.3-kb transcript accumulate in mutant cells during flagellar regeneration. When this mutant RNA is hybrid selected and translated in vitro, however, it produces a slightly truncated polypeptide 3 with an altered charge. The mutant protein 3 fails to assemble into pf-14 flagella and is maintained within a cytoplasmic pool of unassembled radial spoke polypeptides, as indicated by immunoblot analysis of proteins from whole cells and isolated axonemes using antisera to several radial spoke polypeptides. Interestingly, amounts of the mutant protein are greatly diminished relative to other spoke components. Complete genomic and cDNA nucleotide sequences were determined, and the pf-14 mutation was identified. It is a C-to-T transition near the 5' end of the protein coding region, which changes codon 21 to the ochre termination signal UAA. The size and charge of the mutant protein, and its reduced levels in cells, suggest that it is produced by relatively inefficient translational initiation as codon 42. The unphosphorylated isoform of radial spoke protein 3 is identified, and the sequence similarities between intervening sequences of the radial spoke protein 3 gene and a conserved intervening sequence of the two Chlamydomonas beta-tubulin genes (Youngblom, J., J. A. Schloss, and C. D. Silflow. 1984. Mol. Cell. Biol. 4:2686-2696) are reported.
Bigram-based natural language model and statistical motion symbol model for scalable language of humanoid robots

The language is a symbolic system unique to human being. The acquisition of language, which has its meanings in the real world, is important for robots to understand the environment and communicate with us in our daily life. This paper proposes a novel approach to establish a fundamental framework for the robots which can understand language through their whole body motions. The proposed framework is composed of three modules: “motion symbol”, “motion language model”, and “natural language model”. In the motion symbol module, motion data are symbolized by Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). Each HMM represents abstract motion patterns. Then the HMMs are defined as motion symbols. The motion language model is stochastically designed for links between motion symbols and words. This model consists of three layers of motion symbols, latent states and words. The connections between the motion symbol and the latent state, and between the latent state and the words are denoted by two kinds of probabilities respectively. One connection is represented by the probability that the motion symbol generates the latent state, and the other connection is represented by the probability that the latent state generates the word. Therefore, the motion language model can connect the motion symbols to the words through the latent state. The natural language model stochastically represents sequences of words. In this paper, a bigram, which is a special case of N-gram model, is adopted as the natural language model. This model has the words as nodes and transitions between two words as edges. Therefore sentence structure is expressed as transitions among words. The integration of the motion language model and natural language model can be implemented by the search computation for sentences corresponding to motions and for motions corresponding to sentences. Especially, the usage of the bigram as the natural language model provides a simple search computation so that appropriate and fast bidirectional computation between the motions and language can be achieved. Our approach makes it possible for humanoid robots not only to interpret motions as sentences but also to generate motions from sentences. The tests by using various motions and words validate our framework for the language acquisition of humanoid robots.
Metabolic Syndrome and Serum Liver Enzymes in the General Chinese Population

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the general Chinese population. Methods: This study was a multicenter, cross-sectional study which was conducted in rural areas of China from the 2012 to 2013 Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS), and 11,573 adults with complete data were included in our final analysis. Elevated ALT and AST levels were defined as >40 U/L. Serum ALT and AST levels within the reference range were divided into quartiles, and their associations with MetS were evaluated by logistic regressions. Results: A total of 7.4% and 3.5% participants had elevated serum ALT and AST levels, respectively. The prevalence of MetS was 37.3% in males and 45.8% in females. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found ALT level elevation, even within the reference range, was independently associated with MetS. The odds ratio (OR) values of MetS in the ALT quartiles 2–4 groups within the reference range were 1.113 (95% CI: 1.019–1.280), 1.375 (95% CI: 1.212–1.560), 1.878 (95% CI: 1.650–2.138) compared with the ALT quartile 1 group, and OR in the elevated ALT group was 3.020 (95% CI: 2.496–3.653). Positive relationship for MetS was also observed in elevated AST group (OR: 1.689, 95% CI: 1.314–2.171), but within the reference range, the AST level was not associated with MetS. Conclusions: Serum ALT level, even within the reference range, was significantly associated with MetS. However, only elevated AST levels above 40 U/L was positively associated with MetS. Within the reference range, we did not find a relationship between AST levels and MetS.
ERP et profil d’activités du contrôleur de gestion : une évolution par paliers ?

Cet article etudie l’ evolution du profil d’activites des controleurs de gestion apres la mise en place d’un ERP (Enterprise Resource planning). Il s’appuie sur le modele de Besson (1999) qui dresse les profils d’activites des controleurs de gestion avant et apres la mise en place d’un ERP. Une enquete a ete realisee par questionnaire, puis par entretiens directs, dans une entreprise multinationale ayant mis en place l’ERP JD Edwards. Si l’ERP participe a l’evolution du profil d’activites du controleur de gestion, la mutation du metier vers un role de support au pilotage suppose une double condition : la mise en place d’outils de business intelligence et une volonte forte de la direction.
Automatically Detecting Reading in Eye Tracking Data

To date, more and more eye tracking based studies are conducted to investigate reading under natural conditions (e.g. long texts, texts embedded with pictures etc.) and to investigate the perception of every day stimuli containing text (e.g. web pages, newspapers). When the data of such studies are to be statistically analyzed, it is often necessary to know when subjects are actually reading. Assuming that subjects are reading whenever they look at text is often a poor solution, because it would, for example, include scanning which is a very different process. In this paper, we depict a new, more elaborate but concise method to detect reading based on modeling fixationsaccade sequences with a Hidden Markov Model. The model can be used both off-line and on-line.
Genetic-based traffic engineering in GMPLS networks

The exponential growth of the Internet and the trend toward providing differentiated classes of service has placed heavy burdens on network management and control operations. Adding more resources may temporarily relieve congestion conditions, but it is not a cost-effective solution in solving resource contention problems in the long run. What service providers need are effective traffic engineering mechanisms to coordinate, control, and efficiently utilize existing resources to satisfy customer demand. MPLS has emerged as a potential enabling technology for those tasks by realizing, with native tunneling techniques, multiple explicit label switched paths throughout the network. In this paper the optimal label switched path displacement problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem and solved using a genetic algorithm-based approach. Several solutions can be proposed and the one that best matches the traffic engineering requirements be chosen.
A Truncated Nuclear Norm Regularization Method Based on Weighted Residual Error for Matrix Completion

Low-rank matrix completion aims to recover a matrix from a small subset of its entries and has received much attention in the field of computer vision. Most existing methods formulate the task as a low-rank matrix approximation problem. A truncated nuclear norm has recently been proposed as a better approximation to the rank of matrix than a nuclear norm. The corresponding optimization method, truncated nuclear norm regularization (TNNR), converges better than the nuclear norm minimization-based methods. However, it is not robust to the number of subtracted singular values and requires a large number of iterations to converge. In this paper, a TNNR method based on weighted residual error (TNNR-WRE) for matrix completion and its extension model (ETNNR-WRE) are proposed. TNNR-WRE assigns different weights to the rows of the residual error matrix in an augmented Lagrange function to accelerate the convergence of the TNNR method. The ETNNR-WRE is much more robust to the number of subtracted singular values than the TNNR-WRE, TNNR alternating direction method of multipliers, and TNNR accelerated proximal gradient with Line search methods. Experimental results using both synthetic and real visual data sets show that the proposed TNNR-WRE and ETNNR-WRE methods perform better than TNNR and Iteratively Reweighted Nuclear Norm (IRNN) methods.
An Altered Sense of Magnitude: Exploring How the Visual Presentation of Time, Space, and Numbers Can Influence Consumer Judgments and Behaviors

Consumers are constantly evaluating quantitative information, such as the prices of different products, the time spent on a n activity, or the distance covered during one day. Substantial research in psychology has demonstrate d that judgments of quantity in one dimension (e.g., numbers) influence subsequent judgments on another dimension (e.g., time). The present research contributes to a growing body of work by exploring how the shared representation of time, space, and numbers affects consumer perceptions and behaviors. My first dissertation essay explores how the organization of time on a spatial plane affects temporal judgments, product evaluations, and intertemporal discounting (i.e., time-space interaction). It has been well documented that Western consumers typically arrange temporal sequences following a past-left, future-right spatial pattern. Merging insights gained from numerical cognition and time psychology, the author develops a framework to explain how displaying temporal sequences congruently with this spatial organization of time increases subjective estimations of time and biases consumers toward present rewards. My second dissertation essay seeks to understand how and why expressing quantitative information in symbolic code (i.e., “6”) compared to verbal code (i.e., “six”) affects magnitude judgments and product evaluations (i.e., time-number interaction). Two rival accounts to explain the symbol-verbal effect are described and tested: (1) a systematic processing account based on Arabic symbols’ perceptual and cognitive features and (2) a fluency account based on the frequency of use and facilitation of processing Arabic symbols. This research has important managerial implications related to the effective communication of quantitative information.
Affective Neuronal Darwinism : The Nature of the Primary Emotional Systems

Higher brain functions are sculpted on the basis of the mainly “hard-wired” primary emotions through the process of Affective Neural Darwinism. Here we make a tentative new proposal as to the nature of the primary emotional systems, based largely on a combination of the work of Panksepp on affective neuroscience, the work of Stevens, Price and others on evolutionary psychiatry, and data on animal behaviour and neuroanatomy. In particular we suggest that in addition to the systems identified by Panksepp, there is substantial evidence for a hard-wired affective system dealing with power, rank, dominance and subordination which instantiates competitive behaviour and guarding of mates and other resources and which is the evolutionary source of self-esteem in humans. In a previous paper we also proposed an emotional organising programme instantiating disgust reactions which originally functioned in ancient vertebrates to protect against infection and toxins. ___________________________________________________________
Maternal Parenting and Individual Differences in Young Children’s Prosocial Abilities: Risk and Resilience

The purpose of these studies was to examine moderation processes for the influence of early maternal parenting practices on young children’s prosocial outcomes. Data for both studies were drawn from the Kids, Families, and Places study. Observational measures of mothers’ parenting practices and children’s cooperation outcomes were collected in the home, and both mothers and fathers reported on their children’s prosocial conduct. Study 1 was a longitudinal analysis of the interaction between maternal sensitivity after birth (Time 1) and children’s joint attention (JA) skills (Time 2, 18 months later) on children’s cooperation skills at 18 months. Findings indicated that children’s concurrent Responding to JA (RJA) was associated with cooperation and early maternal sensitivity moderated this relationship. Children high in RJA showed good cooperation irrespective of maternal sensitivity. However, low RJA was associated with high cooperation in the presence of high maternal sensitivity. Study 2 used person-oriented analyses to examine patterns of maternal parenting associated with young children’s concurrent prosocial behaviour across socioeconomic contexts. Latent Profile Analysis identified 3 profiles of parenting: Positive (14%), Negative (36%), and Combined (moderate levels of both positive and negative practices; 50%). Mothers from lowincome families and those living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods were more likely to belong to the Negative or the Combined profiles. Moderation analyses indicated the protective
Observable consequences of kinetic and thermal AGN feedback in elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters

We have constructed an analytical model of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback and studied its implications for elliptical galaxies and galaxy clusters. The results show that momentum injection above a critical value will eject material from low-mass elliptical galaxies, and leads to an X-ray luminosity, L x , that is ∝ σ 8―10 , depending on the AGN fuelling mechanism, where σ is the velocity dispersion of the hot gas. This result agrees well with both observations and semi-analytic models. In more massive ellipticals and clusters, AGN outflows quickly become buoyancy dominated. This necessarily means that heating by a central cluster AGN redistributes the intracluster medium (ICM) such that the mass of hot gas, within the cooling radius, should be ∝ Lx(< r cool )/[g(r cool )σ], where g(r cool ) is the gravitational acceleration at the cooling radius. This prediction is confirmed using observations of seven clusters. The same mechanism also defines a critical ICM cooling time of ∼0.5 Gyr, which is in reasonable agreement with recent observations showing that star formation and AGN activity are triggered below a universal cooling time threshold.
Production of Platinum Atom Nanoclusters at One End of Helical Plant Viruses

Platinum atom clusters (Pt nanoparticles, Pt-NPs) were produced selectively at one end of helical plant viruses, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and potato virus X (PVX), when platinum coordinate compounds were reduced chemically by borohydrides. Size of the platinum NPs depends on conditions of the electroless deposition of platinum atoms on the virus. Results suggest that the Pt-NPs are bound concurrently to the terminal protein subunits and the 5′ end of encapsidated TMV RNA. Thus, a special structure of tobacco mosaic virus and potato X virus particles with nanoparticles of platinum, which looks like a push-pin with platinum head and virus needle, was obtained. Similar results were obtained with ultrasonically fragmented TMV particles. By contrast, the Pt-NPs fully filled the central axial hole of in vitro assembled RNA-free TMV-like particles. We believe that the results presented here will be valuable in the fundamental understanding of interaction of viral platforms with ionic metals and in a mechanism of nanoparticles formation.
The changing brain in healthy aging: a multi-MRI machine and multicenter surface-based morphometry study

Clinical practice on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain has been historically based on a comparative analysis using a well-trained eye to see whether different features corresponded to a healthy pattern or not. Several studies have described that healthy aging is associated with loss in tissue volume and expansion of cerebrospinal fluid cavities, making this healthy pattern a dynamical and complex model. For these reasons we propose that structural neurorradiology should be assisted by a quantitative and statistical model that can give meaning to a patient's brain morphometric measurements, giving additional information to the clinician about possible deviations from health. With this aim we obtained normative brain morphometric values by applying an automated voxel and surface-based processing pipeline using the well-known software package FreeSurfer. Employing the publicly available IXI Dataset created by Imperial College London we obtained 135 metrics of the aging process from 538 participant between 20 and 86 years old. In concordance with previous studies we found evidence of change in almost all analyzed features, for both brain's volumes and thicknesses, reproducing findings from several previous brain's morphometric studies. Finally, we explored how different stratified percentiles evolve with age, finding that aging is not a process that can be described by a mean descriptor but on the contrary should be analyzed by considering different percentile layers with its own specific aging dynamic.
Elimination of the Greenland ice sheet in a high-CO2 climate

Projections of future global sea level depend on reliable estimates of changes in the size of polar ice sheets. Calculating this directly from global general circulation models (GCMs) is unreliable because the coarse resolution of 100 km or more is unable to capture narrow ablation zones, and ice dynamics is not usually taken into account in GCMs. To overcome these problems a high-resolution (20 km) dynamic ice sheet model has been coupled to the third Hadley Centre Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere GCM (HadCM3). A novel feature is the use of two-way coupling, so that climate changes in the GCM drive ice mass changes in the ice sheet model that, in turn, can alter the future climate through changes in orography, surface albedo, and freshwater input to the model ocean. At the start of the main experiment the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration was increased to 4 times the preindustrial level and held constant for 3000 yr. By the end of this period the Greenland ice sheet is almost completely ablated and has made a direct contribution of approximatel y7mt oglobal average sea level, causing a peak rate of sea level rise of 5 mm yr 1 early in the simulation. The effect of ice sheet depletion on global and regional climate has been examined and it was found that apart from the sea level rise, the long-term effect on global climate is small. However, there are some significant regional climate changes that appear to have reduced the rate at which the ice sheet ablates.
Proliferation and Cell Cycle Dynamics in the Developing Stellate Ganglion

Cell proliferation during nervous system development is poorly understood outside the mouse neocortex. We measured cell cycle dynamics in the embryonic mouse sympathetic stellate ganglion, where neuroblasts continue to proliferate following neuronal differentiation. At embryonic day (E) 9.5, when neural crest-derived cells were migrating and coalescing into the ganglion primordium, all cells were cycling, cell cycle length was only 10.6 h, and S-phase comprised over 65% of the cell cycle; these values are similar to those previously reported for embryonic stem cells. At E10.5, Sox10+ cells lengthened their cell cycle to 38 h and reduced the length of S-phase. As cells started to express the neuronal markers Tuj1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) at E10.5, they exited the cell cycle. At E11.5, when >80% of cells in the ganglion were Tuj1+/TH+ neuroblasts, all cells were again cycling. Neuroblast cell cycle length did not change significantly after E11.5, and 98% of Sox10−/TH+ cells had exited the cell cycle by E18.5. The cell cycle length of Sox10+/TH− cells increased during late embryonic development, and ∼25% were still cycling at E18.5. Loss of Ret increased neuroblast cell cycle length at E16.5 and decreased the number of neuroblasts at E18.5. A mathematical model generated from our data successfully predicted the relative change in proportions of neuroblasts and non-neuroblasts in wild-type mice. Our results show that, like other neurons, sympathetic neuron differentiation is associated with exit from the cell cycle; sympathetic neurons are unusual in that they then re-enter the cell cycle before later permanently exiting.