Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Heat Generation from a Power Si MOSFET

This paper describes the thermal properties of power Si MOSFETs. Recently, the thermal problems of driving devices have been gaining attention. The thermal design of semiconductor chips is important since the main heat source in a driving device is the semiconductor chips. Power Si MOSFETs, which are widely used as semiconductor devices in car electronics, have serious thermal problems, since they use high voltages. Therefore, the thermal properties of power Si MOSFETs must be studied in order to improve the reliability of the electronics. In this study, the thermal properties of power Si MOSFETs are discussed. To investigate these thermal properties, calculations are performed using electrothermal analysis. From the calculations, a hot spot appears in the power Si MOSFET, and the hot spot temperature rises with increase in the applied voltage. Furthermore, the difference between the hot spot temperature and the average temperature becomes greater with the increase in applied voltage. The results indicate the risk of conventional thermal design with the assumption of uniform heat generation.
A Role for the Sendai Virus P Protein Trimer in RNA Synthesis

ABSTRACT The SeV P protein is found as a homotrimer (P3) when it is expressed in mammalian cells, and trimerization is mediated by a predicted coiled-coil motif which maps within amino acids (aa) 344 to 411 (the BoxA region). The bacterially expressed protein also appears to be trimeric, apparently precluding a role for phosphorylation in the association of the P monomers. I have examined the role of P trimerization both in the protein’s interaction with the nucleocapsid (N:RNA) template and in the protein’s function on the template during RNA synthesis. As with the results of earlier experiments (32), I found that both the BoxA and BoxC (aa 479 to 568) regions were required for stable binding of P to the N:RNA. Binding was also observed with P proteins containing less than three BoxC regions, suggesting that trimerization may be required to permit contacts between multiple BoxC regions and the N:RNA. However, these heterologous trimers failed to function in viral RNA synthesis, indicating that the third C-terminal leg of the trimer plays an essential role in P function on the template. We speculate that this function may involve the movement of P (and possibly the polymerase complex) on the template and the maintenance of processivity.
Finite Bisimulations for Switched Linear Systems

In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing a finite bisimulation quotient for a discrete-time switched linear system in a bounded subset of its state space. Given a set of observations over polytopic subsets of the state space and a switched linear system with stable subsystems, the proposed algorithm generates the bisimulation quotient in a finite number of steps with the aid of sublevel sets of a polyhedral Lyapunov function. Starting from a sublevel set that includes the origin in its interior, the proposed algorithm iteratively constructs the bisimulation quotient for the region bounded by any larger sublevel set. We show how this bisimulation quotient can be used for synthesis of switching laws and verification with respect to specifications given as syntactically co-safe Linear Temporal Logic formulae over the observed polytopic subsets.
Effects of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) on body condition and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans)

We used radiotelemetry to study relationships among canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection, body condition, and activity of free-ranging coyotes (Canis latrans). Average body mass at death was lower for 17 coyotes in a high-intensity infected group (x = 33.6 heartworms) than for 18 coyotes in a control group (x = 3.6 heartworms; p < 0.01). Coyotes in the infected group lost body mass at an average rate of 20% per year relative to the control group (p < 0.01). Bone marrow fat was negatively correlated with heartworm burden (R 2 = 0.27; p < 0.01). Average body mass of coyotes at initial capture (i.e., potentially before infection) did not differ between infected and control groups (p = 0.90; 1 -β = 0.70). Activity was negatively correlated with heartworm burden during the last 2 months of life (R 2 = 0.30; p < 0.01), but no correlation was found 2-4 months before death. Activity of the infected group (n = 13) declined over time (p = 0.01), whereas no difference in activity was observed in the control group (n = 13; p = 0.50). Our findings indicate that heartworm infection reduced body condition and activity of coyotes but that nutritional status did not significantly affect susceptibility to infection.
Performance Based Energy Efficient Techniques For VM Allocation In Cloud Environment

Cloud computing is emerging as a new paradigm for providing different services like platform, infrastructure and software as a large scale distributed computing applications via Internet. Computing resources are available in Cloud through virtualization. It divides a physical machine into many half or full isolated machines (known as Virtual Machines-VMs) using various allocation techniques. To identify a technique that can satisfy a quality of service in consideration of energy consumption in Cloud environment is one of the challenging issues for Virtual Machine allocation in Cloud as there are tradeoffs between energy consumption and performance. In the present research, we aim to survey various techniques that combine energy efficiency and performance. Hence, different real world virtual machine allocation policies are explored and the performance based energy efficient techniques for VM allocation are discussed. This survey may assist the researchers who wish to step in to the domain of performance based energy efficient VM techniques.
Craniofacial similarity measuring based on BRACD

Craniofacial similarity measuring is a difficult scheme in the field of craniofacial reconstruction. In this paper, we define a hemisphere as a referenced model, which is used to select the craniofacial homologous vertices and to construct a new transformation coordinate system. Then the hemisphere is transformed into different craniofacial models. The transformations are a basis for craniofacial similarity measuring. We adopt a modified version of relative angle-context distribution (RACD) to measure one-vertex transformation irrespective of global affine transformation between the hemisphere and one craniofacial model, which we call BRACD (bending relative angle-context distribution). What's more, the BRACDs of all vertices will reflect the whole bending information. Following χ2 statistics, the dissimilarity between different craniofacial models can be computed from above values. Therefore a similarity measuring formula can estimate craniofacial similarity. The experimental results show that the hit-rate of our approach is higher than RACD.
Atomistic simulation of microcrack healing in aluminium

A molecular dynamics method is used to simulate microcrack healing during heating or under compressive stress. A centre microcrack in Al crystal could be sealed by a critical compressive stress or by heating over a critical temperature. During microcrack healing, dislocation generation and motion occurred. When there were pre-existing dislocations around the microcrack, the critical temperature necessary for microcrack healing would decrease from 850 to 650 K. The critical temperature necessary for microcrack healing depended upon the orientation of the crack plane. For example, the critical temperature of the crack along the (111) plane was the lowest.
A novel peer-to-peer payment protocol

This paper presents a novel secure, anonymous and practical payment protocol for Peer-to-peer commerce transactions, designed to enable every user to both buy and sell items. The protocol uses electronic cash for payment transactions. This new protocol provides consumers with full anonymity since it prevents the user from providing his/her credit card number and personal data. It is suitable for micro-payments (under 1 Euro) as well as macro-payments using cutting edge technologies in security algorithms.
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in children and adolescents: Part I – Diagnostic formulations

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are a nonspecific, umbrella category that is used to collect together a range of atypical neurophysiological responses to emotional distress, physiological stressors and danger. Because PNES mimic epileptic seizures, children and adolescents with PNES usually present to neurologists or to epilepsy monitoring units. After a comprehensive neurological evaluation and a diagnosis of PNES, the patient is referred to mental health services for treatment. This study documents the diagnostic formulations – the clinical formulations about the probable neurophysiological mechanisms – that were constructed for 60 consecutive children and adolescents with PNES who were referred to our Mind-Body Rehabilitation Programme for treatment. As a heuristic framework, we used a contemporary reworking of Janet’s dissociation model: PNES occur in the context of a destabilized neural system and reflect a release of prewired motor programmes following a functional failure in cognitive-emotional executive control circuitry. Using this framework, we clustered the 60 patients into six different subgroups: (1) dissociative PNES (23/60; 38%), (2) dissociative PNES triggered by hyperventilation (32/60; 53%), (3) innate defence responses presenting as PNES (6/60; 10%), (4) PNES triggered by vocal cord adduction (1/60; 2%), (5) PNES triggered by activation of the valsalva manoeuvre (1/60; 1.5%) and (6) PNES triggered by reflex activation of the vagus (2/60; 3%). As described in the companion article, these diagnostic formulations were used, in turn, both to inform the explanations of PNES that we gave to families and to design clinical interventions for helping the children and adolescents gain control of their PNES.
Explicit Chabauty over number fields

Let C be a smooth projective absolutely irreducible curve of genus g ≥ 2 over a number field K of degree d, and denote its Jacobian by J . Denote the Mordell–Weil rank of J(K) by r. We give an explicit and practical Chabauty-style criterion for showing that a given subset K ⊆ C(K) is in fact equal to C(K). This criterion is likely to be successful if r ≤ d(g − 1). We also show that the only solutions to the equation x2 + y3 = z10 in coprime non-zero integers is (x, y, z) = (±3,−2,±1). This is achieved by reducing the problem to the determination of K-rational points on several genus 2 curves where K = Q or Q( 3 √ 2), and applying the method of this paper.
Remote measurement of temperature distribution using an optical fibre

A new fibre sensor which measures temperature-distribution is proposed. The sensor uses optical-time-domain reflectometry to determine temperature-induced changes in the levels of the backscatter signal. Experiments using liquid-core fibres have demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.018 dBk over distances of more than 100m. The proposed sensor is able to monitor the temperature of over 100 points simultaneously. Solid core fibres have also been used; they exhibit a wide temperature range, but somewhat reduced sensitivity.
Indium phosphide quantum dots in GaP and in In 0.48 Ga 0.52 P

The growth and structural properties of self-assembled InP quantum dots are presented and discussed, together with their optical properties and associated carrier dynamics. The QDs are grown using gas-source molecular-beam epitaxy in and on the two materials In0.48Ga0. 52P (lattice matched to GaAs) and GaP. Under the proper growth conditions, formation of InP dots via the StranskiKrastanow mechanism is observed. The critical InP coverage for 2D-3D transition is found to be 3 ML for the InP/In0.48Ga0. 52P system and 1.8 ML for the InP/GaP system. The structural characterization indicates that the InP/GaP QDs are larger and, consequently, less dense compared to the InP/In0.48Ga0. 52P QDs; hence, InP dots on GaP tend to be strain-relaxed. The InP/In0.48Ga0. 52P QDs tend to form ordered arrays when InP coverage is increased. Intense photoluminescence from InP quantum dots in both material systems is observed. The PL from InP/GaP QDs peaks between 1.9 and 2 eV and is by about 200 meV higher in energy than the PL line from InP/In0.48Ga0. 52P QDs. The optical emission from dots is attributed to direct transitions between the electrons and heavy-holes confined in the InP dots, whereas the photoluminescence from a two-dimensional InP layer embedded in GaP is explained as resulting from the spatially indirect recombination of electrons from the GaP X valleys with holes in InP and their phonon replicas. The type-II band alignment of InP/GaP two-dimensional structures is further confirmed by the carrier lifetime above 19 ns, which is much higher than in type-I systems. The observed carrier lifetimes of 100–500 ps for InP/In0.48Ga0. 52P QDs and 2 ns for InP/GaP QDs support our band alignment modeling. Pressure-dependent photoluminescence measurements provide further evidence for a type-I band alignment for InP/GaP QDs at normal pressure, but indicate that they become type II under hydrostatic pressures of about 1.2 GPa and are consistent with an energy difference between the lowest InP and GaP states of about 31 meV. Exploiting the visible direct-bandgap transition in the GaP system could lead to an increased efficiency of light emission in GaP-based light emitters.
Predicting the short-term risk of diabetes in HIV-positive patients: the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study

HIV‐positive patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) frequently experience metabolic complications such as dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, as well as lipodystrophy, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Rates of DM and other glucose‐associated disorders among HIV‐positive patients have been reported to range between 2 and 14%, and in an ageing HIV‐positive population, the prevalence of DM is expected to continue to increase. This study aims to develop a model to predict the short‐term (six‐month) risk of DM in HIV‐positive populations and to compare the existing models developed in the general population.
Interactive curve design using digital French curves

In the real world designers often use French curves or sweeps to create or edit curves to bring out a personal style or reflect a corporate standard in all their designs. A French curve is a general term for a pre-defined curve template used to create high quality 2D drawings or sculpt 3D models. Research in interactive curve and surface design is continually moving toward direct manipulation of the objects being defined. This paper describes a system in which digital French curves, represented by planar cubic NURBS curves, interactively create and sculpt curves and surfaces that comprise the design of an object. The approach is especially relevant in the early stages of conceptual design to beautify and simplify curves obtained from quick gestural sketches. Algorithmically, the contributions of this paper are twofold. We describe an efficient technique for approximating a planar parametric curve by a small set of elliptic arcs. Proximity computation to the approximating ellipses is simple and efficient, greatly improving the interactivity of the sculpting paradigm. We also describe a simple approach to smoothly replace sections of design curves with sections of the French curve. The results are illustrated within a design system using a puck that provides simultaneous position and orientation information to control the digital sweep, allowing the user the same physical feel and efficiency of motion of a real sweep.
Design, assembly and reliability of a hermetic package for a 600°C wireless temperature sensor

This paper describes the development process and reliability testing results of a high-temperature stable, hermetically sealed ceramic package. The assembly of a passive, wireless 600°C temperature sensor in Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology, that does not require any cables or power supply, is demonstrated. The sensor is developed for applications supporting enhanced equipment safety and process control. The device comprises a langasite (La3Ga5SiO14) piezo-electric chip equipped with high-temperature stable metal layers, deposited and structured using common photolithography techniques. The chip is then flip-chip bonded into the high-temperature stable ceramic package. To reduce the enormous mechanical stress caused by the different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) of chip and package, various design- and process-related approaches were implemented. Finally, a technology was developed to hermetically seal the package in a high-temperature process.
Neural Activation of the Brain with Hemodynamic Insufficiency

Little is known about how ischemia affects hemodynamic responses to neural activation in the brain. We compare the effects of a motor activation task and a cerebral vasodilating agent, acetazolamide (ACZ), on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in primary sensorimotor cortex (PSM) in six patients with major cerebral artery steno-occlusive lesions without paresis of the upper extremities. Quantitative rCBF was measured in all patients using H215 O autoradiographic method and positron emission tomography. The CBF was determined at rest, during a bimanual motor activation task, and 10 minutes after ACZ administration. With bimanual motor activation, rCBF increased significantly in both PSM compared with at rest (P < 0.01 on lesion side, and P < 0.02 on contralateral side). However, rCBF did not increase after ACZ injection in the PSM on the lesion side, whereas rCBF increased significantly in the contralateral PSM after ACZ injection compared with the level at rest. This result suggests that despite a decreased hemodynamic reserve, there is a nearly normal flow response to neural activation, indicating that the mechanism of vasodilation responsible for perfusion change is different for acetazolamide and neural activation. The relations among neural activation, hemodynamic status, and cerebral metabolism in the ischemic stroke patients are discussed.
Characterization of Ovine Nectin-4, a Novel Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Receptor

ABSTRACT Small ruminants infected with peste des petits ruminants virus exhibit lesions typical of epithelial infection and necrosis. However, the only established host receptor for this virus is the immune cell marker signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). We have confirmed that the ovine Nectin-4 protein, when overexpressed in epithelial cells, permits efficient replication of PPRV. Furthermore, this gene was predominantly expressed in epithelial tissues and encoded by multiple haplotypes in sheep breeds from around the world.
Ankle-foot orthosis using elastomer-embedded flexible joint

We proposed a new ankle-foot orthosis using elastomer-embedded flexible joints (EEFJ), composed of C-shaped springs and 3D-printed circular elastomer. This orthosis was designed to reduce burden on the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) and to achieve clearance between the tip of the toe and the ground. Strength testing, and gait analysis were conducted for the orthosis. According to the results of strength testing, the combination of the C-spring with 0.3 mm and 0.5 mm thickness and the elastomer with 30% and 60% filling density performs a supporting torque of 0.7–2.3 Nm to plantarflexion. In contrast, torques in the other directions were relatively small. According to the results of gait experiments in seven healthy young subjects, the proposed orthosis successfully reduced the TA activation on initial contact and in the swing phase, and range of motion on initial contact.
AnglePose: robust, precise capacitive touch tracking via 3d orientation estimation

We present a finger-tracking system for touch-based interaction which can track 3D finger angle in addition to position, using low-resolution conventional capacitive sensors, therefore compensating for the inaccuracy due to pose variation in conventional touch systems. Probabilistic inference about the pose of the finger is carried out in real-time using a particle filter; this results in an efficient and robust pose estimator which also gives appropriate uncertainty estimates. We show empirically that tracking the full pose of the finger results in greater accuracy in pointing tasks with small targets than competitive techniques. Our model can detect and cope with different finger sizes and the use of either fingers or thumbs, bringing a significant potential for improvement in one-handed interaction with touch devices. In addition to the gain in accuracy we also give examples of how this technique could open up the space of novel interactions.
Why to Combine Reconstructive and Discriminative Information for Incremental Subspace Learning

In the paper we propose a novel method for in- cremental visual learning by combining reconstructive and discriminative subspace methods. This is achieved by em- bedding LDA learning and classification into the incremen- tal PCA framework. The combined subspace consists of a truncated PCA subspace and a few additional basis vec- tors that encompass the discriminative information, which would be lost by the discarded principal vectors. As such it contains both sufficient reconstructive information to en- able incremental learning, and the previously extracted dis- criminative information to enable efficient classification as well. We demonstrate that we are able to efficiently update the current model with new instances of the already learned classes as well as to introduce new classes.
Symptom Profile and Severity in a Sample of Nigerians with Psychotic versus Nonpsychotic Major Depression

The therapeutic strategies in managing patients with psychotic major depression (PMD) differ from those with non-psychotic major depression (NMD), because of differences in clinical profile and outcome. However, there is underrecognition of psychotic symptoms in depressed patients. Previous studies in Western population suggest that certain symptom patterns, apart from psychosis which may be concealed, can facilitate the discrimination of PMD from NMD. These studies may have limited applicability to sub-Saharan Africa due to cross-cultural differences in the phenomenology of depression. This study compared the rates and severity of depressive symptoms in outpatients with PMD (n = 129) and NMD (n = 117) using the Structured Clinical Interview for Depression (SCID) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D). Patients with PMD had statistically significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, and reduced appetite. Patients with NMD were more likely to manifest psychomotor retardation and somatic symptoms. PMD was associated with greater symptom severity. On logistic regression analysis, suicidal ideation, psychomotor disturbances, insomnia, and somatic symptoms were predictive of diagnostic status. The presence of these symptoms clusters may increase the suspicion of occult psychosis in patients with depression, thereby informing appropriate intervention strategies.