Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological, Ecological, and Biochemical Implications in Tomato Plants of Two Plant Biostimulants: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Seaweed Extract

The worldwide use of plant biostimulants (PBs) represents an environmentally friendly tool to increase crop yield and productivity. PBs include different substances, compounds, and growth-promoting microorganism formulations, such as those derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or seaweed extracts (SEs), which are used to regulate or enhance physiological processes in plants. This study analyzed the physiological, ecological, and biochemical implications of the addition of two PBs, AMF or SE (both alone and in combination), on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. “Rio Fuego”). The physiological responses evaluated were related to plant growth and photosynthetic performance. The ecological benefits were assessed based on the success of AMF colonization, flowering, resistance capacity, nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and polyphenol content. Biochemical effects were evaluated via protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nitrogen, and phosphorous content. Each PB was found to benefit tomato plants in a different but complementary manner. AMF resulted in an energetically expensive (high ETRMAX but low growth) but protective (high NPQ and polyphenol content) response. AMF + nutritive solution (NS) induced early floration but resulted in low protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content. Both AMF and AMF + NS favored foliar instead of root development. In contrast, SE and SE + NS favored protein content and root development and did not promote flowering. However, the combination of both PBs (AMF + SE) resulted in an additive effect, reflected in an increase in both foliar and root growth as well as protein and carbohydrate content. Moreover, a synergistic effect was also found, which was expressed in accelerated flowering and AMF colonization. We present evidence of benefits to plant performance (additive and synergistic) due to the interactive effects between microbial (AMF) and nonmicrobial (SEs) PBs and propose that the complementary modes of action of both PBs may be responsible for the observed positive effects due to the new and emerging properties of their components instead of exclusively being the result of known constituents. These results will be an important contribution to biostimulant research and to the development of a second generation of PBs in which combined and complementary mechanisms may be functionally designed.
Differential contribution of SLC26A9 to Cl− conductance in polarized and non‐polarized epithelial cells

SLC26 proteins function as anion exchangers and Cl− channels. SLC26A9 has been proposed to be a constitutively active and CFTR‐regulated anion conductance in human bronchial epithelia. This positive interaction between two Cl− channels has been questioned by others and evidence has been provided that CFTR rather inhibits the transport activity of SLC26A9. We therefore examined the functional interaction between CFTR and SLC26A9 in polarized airway epithelial cells and in non‐polarized HEK293 cells expressing CFTR and SLC26A9. We found that SLC26A9 provides a constitutively active basal Cl− conductance in polarized grown CFTR‐expressing CFBE airway epithelial cells, but not in cells expressing F508del‐CFTR. In polarized CFTR‐expressing cells, SLC26A9 also contributes to both Ca2+‐ and CFTR‐activated Cl− secretion. In contrast in non‐polarized HEK293 cells co‐expressing CFTR/SLC26A9, the baseline Cl− conductance provided by SLC26A9 was inhibited during activation of CFTR. SLC26A9 and CFTR behave differentially in polarized and non‐polarized cells, which may explain earlier conflicting data. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2323–2329, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of S-100b Binding Epitopes. IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL TARGET, THE ACTIN CAPPING PROTEIN, CapZ (*)

Short amino acid sequences that interact with the Ca binding protein S-100b were identified by screening a bacteriophage random peptide display library. S-100b binding bacteriophages were selected by Ca-dependent affinity chromatography, and the sequence of the random peptide insert contained in 51 clones was determined. Alignment of the sequence of 44 unique S-100b binding peptides identified a common motif of eight amino acids. A subgroup of peptides that contained sequences with the highest degree of similarity had the consensus motif (K/R)(L/I)XWXXIL, in which predominantly P, S, and N were found in position 3, and S and D were found in position 5. Analysis of sequence databanks identified a similar sequence in the COOH-terminal region of the α-subunit of actin capping proteins. The peptide TRTKIDWNKILS (TRTK-12), corresponding to the region of greatest homology within this region of the subunit of actin capping proteins (e.g. amino acids 265-276 in CapZα1 and CapZα2), was synthesized and shown by fluorescence spectrophotometry to bind S-100b in a Ca-dependent manner. Gel overlay and cross-linking experiments demonstrated the interaction of S-100b with CapZ to be Ca dependent. Moreover, this interaction was blocked by addition of TRTK-12 peptide. These results identify Ca-dependent S-100b target sequence epitopes and designate the carboxyl terminus of the α-subunit of actin capping proteins, like CapZ, to be a target of S-100b activity. The high level of conservation within this region of actin capping proteins and the apparent high affinity of this interaction strongly suggest that the interaction between S-100b and the α-subunit of actin capping proteins is biologically significant.
Neurofeedback for Pain Management: A Systematic Review

Background: Chronic pain is a significant global health issue. For most individuals with chronic pain, biomedical treatments do not provide adequate relief. Given the evidence that neurophysiological abnormalities are associated with pain, it is reasonable to consider treatments that target these factors, such as neurofeedback (NF). The primary objectives of this review were to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding: (1) the different types of NF and NF protocols that have been evaluated for pain management; (2) the evidence supporting each NF type and protocol; (3) if targeted brain activity changes occur with NF training; and (4) if such brain activity change is associated with improvements on treatment outcomes. Methods: Inclusion criteria were intentionally broad to encompass every empirical study using NF in relation to pain. We considered all kinds of NF, including both electroencephalogram- (EEG-) and functional magnetic resonance imagining- (fMRI-) based. We searched the following databases from inception through September 2019: Pubmed, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO. The search strategy consisted of a combination of key terms referring to all NF types and pain conditions (e.g., neurofeedback, rt-fMRI-NF, BOLD, pain, migraine). Results: A total of 6,552 citations were retrieved; 24 of these that were included in the review. Most of the studies were of moderate quality, included a control condition and but did not include a follow-up. They focused on studying pain intensity (83%), pain frequency, and other variables (fatigue, sleep, depression) in samples of adults (n = 7–71) with headaches, fibromyalgia and other pain conditions. Most studies (79%) used EEG-based NF. A wide variety of NF types and protocols have been used for pain management aiming to either increase, decrease or regulate brain activity in certain areas theoretically associated with pain. Conclusions: Given the generally positive results in the studies reviewed, the findings indicate that NF procedures have the potential for reducing pain and improving other related outcomes in individuals with chronic pain. However, the current evidence does not provide definitive conclusions or allow for reliable recommendations on which protocols or methods of administration may be the most effective. These findings support the need for continued – but higher quality – research in this area.
A Database Protection System Aiming at SQL Attack

Many websites on the internet are based on database, especially websites which use database to display the pages actively such as ASP, PHP and JSP. However, because of SQL attack, people pay much attention to the security of database on the internet. Different from many protection systems deployed between web servers and internet, this article designed a database protection system between web server and database server. It parses network and database protocol of the packets passing through, and extracts the SQL statements, then analyzes and filters the SQL statements, so it protects the database effectively on the application layer and its effectiveness is independent of any particular target system, application environment, or DBMS. Even there is no need to modify the source code of existing web applications. This system has been carried out in application and has good effect.
Effect of Silvopastoral Systems in the Thermoregulatory and Feeding Behaviors of Water Buffaloes Under Different Conditions of Heat Stress

Buffaloes use wallowing behavior to release excess heat in tropical conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of silvopastoral systems in the feeding and thermoregulatory behavior of water buffaloes under moderate and intense heat stress. The behavior of water buffaloes was evaluated in two different production systems. The conventional system with Guinea grass (Megathyrsus maximus) only, and the silvopastoral system with Guinea grass and Leucaena leucocephala trees. The relation between the frequency of animal activities and the length of time the animals engaged in each activity was measured during the day time (6:00–18:00 h) by visual observations at 10-min intervals. The results obtained suggest that buffaloes use tree shade to partially supplement wallowing. Feeding behavior increased under intense heat stress in the silvopastoral system indicating that it can be a promising alternative to improve the buffaloes rearing conditions in the tropics.
Two-dimensional exchange 2H NMR experiments of phospholipid bilayers on a spherical solid support.

Bilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) on a spherical solid support consisting of silica beads are studied by two-dimensional exchange deuterium NMR (2D exchange $^{2}\mathrm{H}$ NMR) at two hydration states of the bilayer and at mixing times in the range 1\char21{}8 ms. The spectra obtained were analyzed in terms of a solution of the diffusion equation of molecules diffusing on the surface of a sphere with a radius corresponding to that of the solid support. This procedure gives a jump angle distribution function of the lipids for a fixed mixing time. The well defined geometry of the sample enables us to compare the experimental results with those obtained by a random walk simulation assuming that solely diffusional jumps of the POPC molecules contribute to the 2D exchange NMR spectra during the mixing time. Excellent agreement was obtained between the experimental results, computer simulations, and numerical calculations based on the diffusion equation. These results provide strong evidence that lateral diffusion of lipids is the dominant mechanism in determining the spectral evolution in 2D exchange NMR spectroscopy of spherical, solid supported lipid bilayers. From the experiments we obtained a lateral diffusion coefficient of the POPC molecules of D=(8.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$/s (high hydration, T=30 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) and of D=(0.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}12}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$/s (low hydration, T=35 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) in good agreement with values obtained previously using other spectroscopic methods. From these results it is concluded that future applications of the 2D exchange NMR method may provide valuable insight into the shapes and the slow motion dynamics of biological membranes.
Hyperoside Protected Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Liver Injury via the PHLPP2-AKT-GSK-3β Signaling Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro

Hyperoside, isolated from Drosera rotundifolia L. , seeds of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. , or Hypericum perforatum L. , originally showed to possess an antifungal and antibacterial activity, while recently showed the protective effects against oxidative stress-induced liver injury. This study investigated such a protective effect of hyperoside and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-injured rat livers. The data showed that hyperoside was able to prevent the oxidative stress-induced liver morphological changes and CCl4-induced rat liver injury. Hyperoside reversed the decrease of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) level and the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in vivo. Moreover, hyperoside regulated the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2)-protein kinase B (AKT)-glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway in tert-butylhydroquinone (t-BHP)-treated liver cells, e.g., Hyperoside reduced PHLPP2 expression to activate AKT phosphorylation, induce GSK-3β phosphorylation, and then increased nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, reduced nuclear translocation of phosphorylated Fyn, and promoted heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in vivo and in vitro. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PHLPP2 expression enhanced hyperoside-mediated activation of the AKT-GSK-3β kinase pathway in liver cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that hyperoside could protect against oxidative stress-induced liver injury by regulating the PHLPP2-AKT-GSK-3β signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION acrolimus Versus Cyclosporine Microemulsion for Heart ransplant Recipients : A Meta-analysis

ackground: Tacrolimus and cyclosporine microemulsion are the 2 major immunosuppressants for heart transplantation. Several studies have compared these 2 drugs, but the outcomes were not consistent. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials compared the beneficial and harmful effects of tacrolimus and microemulsion cyclosporine for heart transplant recipients. ethods: Electronic databases and manual bibliography searches were conducted. A meta-analysis was performed of all randomized controlled trials comparing tacrolimus with cyclosporine microemulsion as primary immunosuppression for heart transplant recipients. Data for mortality, acute rejection, withdrawals, and adverse events were extracted. The combined results of the data of the randomized controlled trials were summarized as relative risk with 95% confidence intervals. esults: The study assessed 7 randomized controlled trials including 885 patients. There was no difference in mortality at 1 year between recipients treated with tacrolimus and cyclosporine microemulsion. Tacrolimus-treated patients had less acute rejection risk at 6 months and 1 year. Fewer patients stopped tacrolimus than cyclosporine microemulsion. The rate of new-onset diabetes mellitus requiring insulin treatment was higher with tacrolimus. More post-transplantation hypertension occurred with cyclosporine microemulsion. The groups had comparable incidences of malignancy and renal failure needing dialysis. onclusions: The use of tacrolimus as primary immunosuppressant for heart transplant recipients results in comparable survival and a significant reduction in acute rejection compared with cyclosporine microemulsion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009;28:58–66. Crown Copyright © 2009 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.
Abnormal Food Timing Promotes Alcohol-Associated Dysbiosis and Colon Carcinogenesis Pathways

Background: Alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Identifying cofactor(s) that modulate the effect of alcohol on colon inflammation and carcinogenesis could help risk stratification for CRC. Disruption of circadian rhythm by light/dark shift promotes alcohol-induced colonic inflammation and cancer. More recently, we found that abnormal food timing causes circadian rhythm disruption and promotes alcohol associated colon carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined the interaction of wrong-time feeding (WTF) and alcohol on CRC-related pathways, in relation to changes in microbial community structure. Methods: Polyposis mice (TS4Cre ×cAPCΔ468) underwent four conditions: alcohol or water and feeding during the light (wrong-time fed/WTF) or during the dark (right-time fed). Colonic cecum mucosal gene expression was analyzed by RNA-seq. Microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing analysis was used to examine colonic feces. Modeling was used to estimate the extent of the gene expression changes that could be related to the changes in the colonic microbial composition. Results: The circadian rhythm pathway was the most altered pathway by the WTF treatment, indicating that WTF is disruptive to the colonic circadian rhythm. Pathway analysis revealed interaction of WTF with alcohol in dysregulating pathways related to colon carcinogenesis. Similarly, the interaction of alcohol and WTF was detected at multiple parameters of the colonic microbiota including α and β diversity, as well as the community structure. Our modeling revealed that almost a third of total gene alterations induced by our treatments could be related to alterations in the abundance of the microbial taxa. Conclusion: These data support the promoting effect of abnormal food timing alcohol-associated CRC-related pathways in the colon and suggest colon dysbiosis as a targetable mechanism.
Consideration on fundamental characteristic of hydrogen generator system fueled by NaBH4 for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle

Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is attractive as fuel for fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle because of its high energy density. A hydrogen reactor which generates hydrogen gas by hydrolysis of NaBH4 has been proposed. This paper shows advantages and disadvantages of NaBH4 as fuel for FCHEV. Moreover, a hydrogen supply system fueled by NaBH4 for fuel cell is proposed, and the experimental result using the proposed system is shown. In addition, it is verified that 100W fuel cell was able to generate electric power by hydrogen gas generated from the proposed system. In the final section, in order to confirm the electric generating capacity using the proposed system, the characteristics of 5kW fuel cell is reported.
A friend in need is a friend indeed

The response of plants to environmental cues, particularly stresses, involves the coordinated induction or repression of gene expression. In a previous study, we developed a bioinformatics approach to analyze the mutual expression pattern of genes encoding transcription factors and metabolic enzymes upon exposure of Arabidopsis plants to abiotic and biotic stresses. The analysis resulted in three gene clusters, each displaying a unique expression pattern. In the present addendum, we address the composition of each of these three clusters in regard to the functional identity of their encoded proteins as enzymes or transcription factors.
Site directed mutagenesis of hMLH1 exonic splicing enhancers does not correlate with splicing disruption

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (MIM 114500) is the most common inherited colorectal cancer syndrome, affecting 1 in 1000 people. Patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer show predisposition to an early onset of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancers in association with a variety of other extra-intestinal malignancies. The disease is caused by germline mutations in one of the five mismatch repair genes ( hMLH1 , hMSH2 , hMSH6 , hPMS2 , hMLH3 ). 1–6 A common mechanism of mutation in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is the disruption of hMSH2 and hMLH1 splicing by exon skipping.7,8 In addition, recent reports have shown aberrant splicing to occur even in normal individuals without hereditary cancer predisposition.9–11 However apart from the mutations in the splicing donor and acceptor sites, the effects on splicing of other sequence variations found in a patient are difficult to predict. Exonic sequences have also been shown to affect splicing efficiency; in fact any single base change in these sequences may have potential pathogenic consequences leading to aberrant splicing or exon skipping.12–14 Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain how exonic sequences mediate splicing regulation. Recent reports show that aberrant splicing may occur as a consequence of mutations that disrupt exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) or create exonic splicing silencers.15–17 Exonic enhancers have been shown to interact specifically with serine or arginine rich (SR) proteins that regulate the splicing process, promoting exon definition by direct recruitment of spliceosome and regulatory proteins or antagonising the action of nearby silencer elements.18,19 Different classes of ESE consensus motifs have been described, but they are not always easily identified. Recently two web based resources ESEfinder (http://exon.cshl.org/ESE)20 and RESCUE-ESE (http://genes.mit.edu/burgelab/rescue-ese)21 have been developed to facilitate rapid analysis of exon sequences, to identify putative …
Truth and Demonstratives

Recently, various philosophers have argued that there is a close connection between a theory of truth for a language and a theory of meaning for that language (e.g., [1]). Even if we do not wish to equate the two, I believe we must agree that a necessary component of an adequate theory of meaning is a theory of truth. We might require a complete semantical theory of a language to do many things, but it should at least give us a systematic account of the conditions under which the sentences of that language are true. If we grant that provision of a truth definition is a condition of adequacy on a theory of meaning for some language, then we are faced with a difficulty when we embark on the project of framing semantical theories for natural languages. These languages contain what Quine has called non-eternal sentences, i.e., sentences whose truth value may vary from one occasion of utterance to another. The linguistic devices which make for the non-eternality of sentences containing them are the so-called indicator words: the personal pronouns "I", "he", ''she", the demonstrative pronouns "this", "that", tensed verbs, etc. The problem about sentences containing these devices is that they are, from a semantical point of view, incomplete expressions. Frege noted that "the mere wording [of a sentence containing indicator words] . is not the complete expression of the thought, but the knowledge of certain accompanying conditions of utterance, which are used as means of expressing the thought, are needed for its correct apprehension" ([2]: 24). Consider, for example, the sentence,
Transmisión por soporte físico: ejercicios resueltos de circuitos pasivos y activos de microondas

En este libro se recopilan los problemas de examen del segundo parcial de la asignatura de Transmision por Soporte Fisico, que se imparte en 4o curso de la titulacion de Ingeniero Superior de Telecomunicacion de la UPCT. Se recogen las pruebas realizadas durante las convocatorias de examen de los tres primeros anos que se viene cursando esta asignatura, desde el curso 2002/2003 al curso 2004/2005.