Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Existence and Stability of Traveling Waves for Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations Over Long Times

We consider the problem of existence and stability of solitary traveling waves for the one dimensional discrete non linear Schroedinger equation (DNLS) with cubic nonlinearity, near the continuous limit.We construct a family of solutions close to the continuous traveling waves and prove their stability over long times. Applying a modulation method, we also show that we can describe the dynamics near these discrete traveling waves over long times.
A Gold Anaphora Annotation Layer on an Eye Movement Corpus

Anaphora resolution is a complex process in which multiple linguistic factors play a role, and this is witnessed by a large psycholinguistic literature. This literature is based on experiments with hand-constructed items, which have the advantage to ﬁlter inﬂuences outside the scope of the study, but, as a downside, make the experimental data artiﬁcial. Our goal is to provide a ﬁrst resource allowing to study human anaphora resolution on natural data. We annotated anaphorical pronouns in the Dundee Corpus: a corpus of ∼ 50k words coming from newspaper articles read by humans of whom all eye movements were recorded. We identiﬁed all anaphoric pronouns — in opposition to non-referential, cataphoric and deictic uses — and identiﬁed the closest antecedent for each of them. Both the identiﬁcation of the anaphoricity and the antecedents of the pronouns showed a high inter-annotator agreement. We used our resource to model reading time of pronouns to study simultaneously various factors of inﬂuence on anaphora resolution. Whereas the inﬂuence of the anaphoric relation on the reading time of the pronoun is subtle, psycholinguistic ﬁndings from settings using experimental items were conﬁrmed. In this way our resource provides a new means to study anaphora.
Role of focal adhesion kinase in regulating YB-1-mediated paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer.

BACKGROUND We previously found focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition sensitizes ovarian cancer to taxanes; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS We characterized the biologic response of taxane-resistant and taxane-sensitive ovarian cancer models to a novel FAK inhibitor (VS-6063). We used reverse-phase protein arrays (RPPA) to identify novel downstream targets in taxane-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we correlated clinical and pathological data with nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of FAK and YB-1 in 105 ovarian cancer samples. Statistical tests were two-sided, and P values were calculated with Student t test or Fisher exact test. RESULTS We found that VS-6063 inhibited FAK phosphorylation at the Tyr397 site in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The combination of VS-6063 and paclitaxel markedly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, which resulted in 92.7% to 97.9% reductions in tumor weight. RPPA data showed that VS-6063 reduced levels of AKT and YB-1 in taxane-resistant cell lines. FAK inhibition enhanced chemosensitivity in taxane-resistant cells by decreasing YB-1 phosphorylation and subsequently CD44 in an AKT-dependent manner. In human ovarian cancer samples, nuclear FAK expression was associated with increased nuclear YB-1 expression (χ²) = 37.7; P < . 001). Coexpression of nuclear FAK and YB-1 was associated with statistically significantly worse median overall survival (24.9 vs 67.3 months; hazard ratio = 2.64; 95% confidence interval = 1.38 to 5.05; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS We have identified a novel pathway whereby FAK inhibition with VS-6063 overcomes YB-1-mediated paclitaxel resistance by an AKT-dependent pathway. These findings have implications for clinical trials aimed at targeting FAK.
Graphene‐Based Polymer Bilayers with Superior Light‐Driven Properties for Remote Construction of 3D Structures

3D structure assembly in advanced functional materials is important for many areas of technology. Here, a new strategy exploits IR light‐driven bilayer polymeric composites for autonomic origami assembly of 3D structures. The bilayer sheet comprises a passive layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and an active layer comprising reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), thermally expanding microspheres (TEMs), and PDMS. The corresponding fabrication method is versatile and simple. Owing to the large volume expansion of the TEMs, the two layers exhibit large differences in their coefficients of thermal expansion. The RGO‐TEM‐PDMS/PDMS bilayers can deflect toward the PDMS side upon IR irradiation via the cooperative effect of the photothermal effect of the RGOs and the expansion of the TEMs, and exhibit excellent light‐driven, a large bending deformation, and rapid responsive properties. The proposed RGO‐TEM‐PDMS/PDMS composites with excellent light‐driven bending properties are demonstrated as active hinges for building 3D geometries such as bidirectionally folded columns, boxes, pyramids, and cars. The folding angle (ranging from 0° to 180°) is well‐controlled by tuning the active hinge length. Furthermore, the folded 3D architectures can permanently preserve the deformed shape without energy supply. The presented approach has potential in biomedical devices, aerospace applications, microfluidic devices, and 4D printing.
The down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene is associated with aggressive tumor potential and the poorer recurrence-free survival of hepatocellular carcinoma

Project HOPE (High-tech Omics-based Patient Evaluation) began in 2014 using integrated gene expression profiling (GEP) of cancer tissues as well as diathesis of each patient who underwent an operation at our institution. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between the expression of cytochrome P450s (CYP) genes and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study included 92 patients. Genes with aberrant expression were selected based on a ≥10-fold difference in the expression between tumor and non-tumor tissues. The GEP analysis showed that the down-regulated genes in tumor tissue were CYP3A4 in 56 patients (61%), CYP2C8 in 44 patients (48%), CYP2C19 in 30 patients (33%), CYP2D6 in 11 patients (12%), CYP3A5 in 7 patients (8%) and CYP1B1 in 2 patients (2%). There was no patients with down-regulation of the CYP17A1 gene. A multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of microscopic portal invasion (hazard ratio [HR] 2.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30–5.05 P = 0.006), the presence of intrahepatic-metastasis (HR 3.09 95% CI 1.52–6.29 P = 0.002) and down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene (HR 3.69 95% CI 1.83–7.46 P < 0.001) were independent predictors for the recurrence-free survival (RFS). The down-regulation of the CYP2C19 gene were correlated with the RFS in HCC.
Towards Practical Differential Privacy for SQL Queries

Differential privacy promises to enable general data analytics while protecting individual privacy, but existing differential privacy mechanisms do not support the wide variety of features and databases used in real-world SQL-based analytics systems. This paper presents the first practical approach for differential privacy of SQL queries. Using 8.1 million real-world queries, we conduct an empirical study to determine the requirements for practical differential privacy, and discuss limitations of previous approaches in light of these requirements. To meet these requirements we propose elastic sensitivity, a novel method for approximating the local sensitivity of queries with general equijoins. We prove that elastic sensitivity is an upper bound on local sensitivity and can therefore be used to enforce differential privacy using any local sensitivity-based mechanism. We build FLEX, a practical end-to-end system to enforce differential privacy for SQL queries using elastic sensitivity. We demonstrate that FLEX is compatible with any existing database, can enforce differential privacy for real-world SQL queries, and incurs negligible (0.03%) performance overhead.
Effective-medium theory for one-dimensional gratings

Shiwei Tang,1 Baocheng Zhu,1 Min Jia,1 Qiong He,1,2 Shulin Sun,3 Yongfeng Mei,4 and Lei Zhou1,2,* 1State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 3Department of Optical Science and Engineering, and Shanghai Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China 4Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China (Received 3 December 2014; revised manuscript received 4 May 2015; published 22 May 2015)
Safe Path Planning of Mobile Robot Based on Improved A* Algorithm in Complex Terrains

The A* algorithm has been widely investigated and applied in path planning problems, but it does not fully consider the safety and smoothness of the path. Therefore, an improved A* algorithm is presented in this paper. Firstly, a new environment modeling method is proposed in which the evaluation function of A* algorithm is improved by taking the safety cost into account. This results in a safer path which can stay farther away from obstacles. Then a new path smoothing method is proposed, which introduces a path evaluation mechanism into the smoothing process. This method is then applied to smoothing the path without safety reduction. Secondly, with respect to path planning problems in complex terrains, a complex terrain environment model is established in which the distance and safety cost of the evaluation function of the A* algorithm are converted into time cost. This results in a unification of units as well as a clarity in their physical meanings. The simulation results show that the improved A* algorithm can greatly improve the safety and smoothness of the planned path and the movement time of the robot in complex terrain is greatly reduced.
Golga5 is dispensable for mouse embryonic development and postnatal survival

Golgins are a family of coiled‐coil proteins located at the cytoplasmic surface of the Golgi apparatus and have been implicated in maintaining Golgi structural integrity through acting as tethering factors for retrograde vesicle transport. Whereas knockdown of several individual golgins in cultured cells caused Golgi fragmentation and disruption of vesicle trafficking, analysis of mutant mouse models lacking individual golgins have discovered tissue‐specific developmental functions. Recently, homozygous loss of function of GOLGA2, of which previous in vitro studies suggested an essential role in maintenance of Golgi structure and in mitosis, has been associated with a neuromuscular disorder in human patients, which highlights the need for understanding the developmental roles of the golgins in vivo. We report here generation of Golga5‐deficient mice using CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated genome editing. Although knockdown studies in cultured cells have implicated Golga5 in maintenance of Golgi organization, we show that Golga5 is not required for mouse embryonic development, postnatal survival, or fertility. Moreover, whereas Golga5 is structurally closely related to Golgb1, we show that inactivation of Golga5 does not enhance the severity of developmental defects in Golgb1‐deficient mice. The Golga5‐deficient mice enable further investigation of the roles and functional specificity of golgins in development and diseases.
MNEs and the UN Global Compact: An Empirical Analysis of the Organizational Implementation of Corporate Citizenship

The UN Global Compact (UNGC) is the largest “corporate citizenship” (CC) initiative in the world. Almost 5000 companies have signed the initiative whereby they voluntarily commit themselves to adhere to ten principles in the areas of human rights, labor rights, the environ-ment and anti-corruption (www.unglobalcompact.org). More than nine years after the launch of the UNGC the question arises on how far the participants have progressed in the implemen-tation of the Compact’s principles. This paper presents the results of an empirical assessment of the implementation process at five large Swiss corporations that have been participants of the UNGC since the initiation of the Global Compact. The results illustrate that CC is a learn-ing process and corporations are at different stages of development. To date, only few compa-nies are implementing CC as intended by the founders of the UNGC. Also, some aspects show that companies assume a political role in their global business activities. In our study we make two contributions: (1) we develop an analytical tool for the assessment of how deeply corporate citizenship is embedded in the organizational structures and procedures of the UNGC companies. (2) With the help of this tool we deliver empirical insights into the imple-mentation of CC at five large Swiss multinational corporations that are members of the UNGC. In addition, the study confirms the theoretical argument of recent literature in political CSR that multinational corporations are contributing to emerging global governance struc-tures.
Grounding Gradable Adjectives through Crowdsourcing

In order to build technology that has the ability to answer questions relevant to national and global security, e.g., on food insecurity in certain parts of the world, one has to implement machine reading technology that extracts causal mechanisms from texts. Unfortunately, many of these texts describe these interactions using vague, high-level language. One particular example is the use of gradable adjectives, i.e., adjectives that can take a range of magnitudes such as small or slight . Here we propose a method for estimating speciﬁc concrete groundings for a set of such gradable adjectives. We use crowdsourcing to gather human language intuitions about the impact of each adjective, then ﬁt a linear mixed effects model to this data. The resulting model is able to estimate the impact of novel instances of these adjectives found in text. We evaluate our model in terms of its ability to generalize to unseen data and ﬁnd that it has a predictive R 2 of 0.632 in general, and 0.677 on a subset of high-frequency adjectives.
Co-creation and higher order customer engagement in hospitality and tourism services: A critical review

Purpose – This paper aims to present a review of the literature associated with co-creation and higher-order customer engagement concepts and poses critical questions related to the current state of research. Additionally, the paper presents a framework for customer engagement and co-creation with relevance to hospitality transactions. Design/methodology/approach – Earlier research on co-production, co-creation, consumer engagement and service-dominant logic are discussed and synthesized. Based on this synthesis, links and contrasts of these varying research streams are presented providing an articulation of key characteristics of each and how these might be applied within a hospitality context. Findings – Modalities in service transactions vary among traditional production, co-production and co-creation based on changes in attitudes, enabling technologies and the logic or ideology supporting the change. Transaction characteristics vary among manufacturing, quasi-manufacturing and services based on severa.
Bitter melon juice exerts its efficacy against pancreatic cancer via targeting both bulk and cancer stem cells

Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide and frontline treatment with gemcitabine becomes eventually ineffective due to increasing PanC resistance, suggesting additional approaches are needed to manage PanC. Recently, we have shown the efficacy of bitter melon juice (BMJ) against PanC cells, including those resistant to gemcitabine. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are actively involved in PanC initiation, progression, relapse and drug‐resistance, here we assessed BMJ ability in targeting pancreatic cancer‐associated cancer stem cells (PanC‐CSCs). We found BMJ efficacy against CD44+/CD24+/EpCAMhigh enriched PanC‐CSCs in spheroid assays; BMJ also increased the sensitivity of gemcitabine‐resistant PanC‐CSCs. Exogenous addition of BMJ to PanC‐CSC generated spheroids (not pre‐exposed to BMJ) also significantly reduced spheroid number and size. Mechanistically, BMJ effects were associated with a decrease in the expression of genes and proteins involved in PanC‐CSC renewal and proliferation. Specifically, immunofluorescence staining showed that BMJ decreases protein expression/nuclear localization of CSC‐associated transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG, and CSC marker CD44. Immunohistochemical analysis of MiaPaCa2 xenografts from BMJ treated animals also showed a significant decrease in the levels of CSC‐associated transcription factors. Together, these results show BMJ potential in targeting PanC‐CSC pool and associated regulatory pathways, suggesting the need for further investigation of its efficacy against PanC growth and progression including gemcitabine‐resistant PanC.
A High-Speed Imaging Method Based on Compressive Sensing for Sound Extraction Using a Low-Speed Camera

This paper reports an efficient method for sound extraction from high-speed light spot videos reconstructed from the coded light spot images captured with a low-speed camera based on compressive sensing, but at the expense of consuming time. The proposed method first gets the high-speed video of the light spot that is illuminated on the vibrating target caused by sound. Then the centroid of the light spot is used to recover the sound. Simulations of the proposed method are carried out and experimental results are demonstrated. The results show that high-speed videos with a frame rate of 2000 Hz can be reconstructed with a low-speed (100 Hz) charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, which is randomly modulated by a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) 20 times during each exposure time. This means a speed improvement of 20 times is achieved. The effects of synchronization between CCD image recording and DMD modulation, the optimal sampling patterns of DMD, and sound vibration amplitudes on the performance of the proposed method are evaluated. Using this compressive camera, speech (counting from one to four in Chinese) was recovered well. This has been confirmed by directly listening to the recovered sound, and the intelligibility value (0–1) that evaluated the similarity between them was 0.8185. Although we use this compressive camera for sound detection, we expect it to be useful in applications related to vibration and motion.
Effectiveness and impact of a single-dose vaccine against chickenpox in the community of Madrid between 2001 and 2015

ABSTRACT Background: Chickenpox is a contagious airborne disease. Immunization by varicella vaccine is an effective preventive measure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of a single-dose vaccination against chickenpox at 15 months of age. Methods: Observational study based on data from the Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Autonomous Community of Madrid from 2001 to 2015. The years were grouped into 4 periods according to epidemic cycles and vaccination schedule: 2001–06, 2007–10, 2011–13 and 2014–15. The impact was calculated as Relative Risk (RR) between the incidence of chickenpox in children between 15 months and 13 years of age between 2011–13 and 2001–06 through Poisson regression using notifications made to the Diseases of Compulsory Declaration (DCD) system, the Sentinel Physicians Network (SPN) and hospital discharge records noted as Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS). The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using the screening method and a 1:2 case-control study paired by age and paediatrician in population from 15 months to 13 years and between 2007 and 2015 using SPN source data. Results: The RR2011–13/2001–06 using data from the DCD was 0.14 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.15), 0.07 (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.08) from SPN and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.20) from MBDS. A total of 338 cases were included in the VE screening obtaining an overall of 93.1 (90.9 to 94.8). For a case-control study, 120 cases and 247 controls were recruited obtaining a VE of 92.4% (IC 95%: 80.8 to 97.0%). Conclusions: The single-dose vaccination against chickenpox at 15 months of age has high impact and effectiveness.
Prospective metabolomics study identifies potential novel blood metabolites associated with pancreatic cancer risk

Using a metabolomics approach, we systematically searched for circulating metabolite biomarkers for pancreatic cancer risk in a case‐control study nested within two prospective Shanghai cohorts. Included in our study were 226 incident pancreatic cancer cases and their individually‐matched controls. Untargeted mass spectrometry platforms were used to measure metabolites in blood samples collected prior to cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression was performed to assess the associations of metabolites with pancreatic cancer risk. We identified 10 metabolites associated with pancreatic cancer, after accounting for multiple comparisons (the Benjamini‐Hochberg false discovery rate <0.05). The majority of the identified metabolites were glycerophospholipids (ORs per SD increase: 0.44–2.32; p values: 7.2 × 10−4 to 1.0 × 10−6), six of which were associated with decreased risk and one with increased risk. Additionally, levels of coumarin (OR = 1.96, p = 3.7 × 10−6) and picolinic acid (OR = 2.53, p = 5.0 × 10−5) were positively associated with pancreatic cancer risk, while tetracosanoic acid was inversely associated with risk (OR = 0.48, p = 7.16 × 10−7). Four metabolites remained statistically significant after mutual adjustment. Our study provides novel evidence that the dysregulation of glycerophospholipids may play an important role in pancreatic cancer development.
Political Spending and Shareholder Wealth

We examine the impact of the Citizens United decision on firm value. While the value of U.S. firms do not respond significantly to the Citizens United decision on average, we find evidence that firms in industries subject to more extensive regulation react significantly and positively to the announcement. We also find evidence consistent with Justice John Paul Stevens’ argument that the Court decision will affect state laws. Specifically, our results indicate that firms that are headquartered in states with more stringent limits on political spending by corporations respond positively to the announcement.