Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reversing thoracic hyperkyphosis: a case report featuring mirror image® thoracic extension rehabilitation

[Purpose] To present a case of non-surgical reduction of thoracic hyperkyphosis utilizing a multimodal rehabilitation program emphasizing the mirror image® concept. [Subject and Methods] A 15-year-old female presented to a rehabilitation office suffering from back and neck pains and headaches. The patient was treated sporadically over a period of 13-months. Treatment consisted of anterior thoracic translation and thoracic extension exercises, spinal traction and spinal manipulation. [Results] After 13-months of treatment the patient displayed a significant reduction in hyperkyphosis and a dramatic correction of her overall posture and spine alignment corresponding to the reduction in back/neck pains, headaches and the simultaneous improvement of various other health issues. [Conclusion] Thoracic hyperkyphosis can be reduced through a multimodal rehabilitation program emphasizing mirror image thoracic extension procedures.
FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER MUTATION FREQUENCIES AND CARRIER RATES AMONG SYRIAN POPULATION

Objective: The main objective is to determine the prevalence of MEFV gene mutations in apparently healthy Syrian Population and the mutation frequency in the clinically diagnosed FMF patients. Subjects and methods: the study included 376 samples (254 healthy individuals and 122 FMF patients). FMF strip assay was used to detect 12 MEFV gene mutations. Results: We found a high frequency of carriers in the apparently healthy Syrian population (18.1%). The distribution of the MEFV mutations among apparently healthy individuals group was: M694V (8.3%), M680I(G/C) (8.3%), V726A (16.6%), M694I (4.2%) and E148Q (58.4%), F479L (4.2%). Whereas the distribution among FMF patients was: M694V (44.8%), M680I (G/C) (16.2%), V726A (11.1%), M694I (4.9%) and E148Q (16.7%), A744S (3.8%), P369S (2.5%). There was a statistical significant difference between the two groups (P<0.005) Conclusion: MEFV gene mutations are common among apparently healthy Syrian population. E148Q was the most common mutation among apparently healthy Syrian population, whereas M694V was the most common mutation among FMF patients.
Study of Existing Full Adders and To Design a LPFA ( Low Power Full Adder )

This paper describes the different logic style used for CMOS full adders and different equation used to implement the required Boolean logic for full adders. This paper also describes that the speed of the design is limited by size of the transistors, parasitic capacitance and delay in the critical path. Power consumption and speed are two important but conflicting design aspects; hence a better metric to evaluate circuit performance is power delay product (PDP). The driving capability of a full adder is very important, because, full adders are mostly used in cascade configuration, where the output of one provides the input for other. If the full adders lack Driving capability then it requires additional buffer, which consequently increases the power dissipation. At last a new LPFA Design is proposed with comparisons between the various full adders to show the better performance of LPFA in terms of power consumption, area (number of transistors) and delay. The LPFA and all other various full adders are designed and simulated using mentor graphics tool in 0.18 μm technology. The frequency used is 100 MHz. the voltage and all the various full adders and others designs are simulated at a voltage supply of 1.8V at same frequency.
Somatic alterations of targetable oncogenes are frequently observed in BRCA1/2 mutation negative male breast cancers

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease. Due to its rarity, MBC research and clinical approach are mostly based upon data derived from its largely known female counterpart. We aimed at investigating whether MBC cases harbor somatic alterations of genes known as prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets in female breast cancer. We examined 103 MBC cases, all characterized for germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations, for somatic alterations in PIK3CA, EGFR, ESR1 and CCND1 genes. Pathogenic mutations of PIK3CA were detected in 2% of MBCs. No pathogenic mutations were identified in ESR1 and EGFR. Gene copy number variations (CNVs) analysis showed amplification of PIK3CA in 8.1%, EGFR in 6.8% and CCND1 in 16% of MBCs, whereas deletion of ESR1 was detected in 15% of MBCs. Somatic mutations and gene amplification were found only in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs. Significant associations emerged between EGFR amplification and large tumor size (T4), ER-negative and HER2-positive status, between CCND1 amplification and HER2-positive and MIB1-positive status, and between ESR1 deletion and ER-negative status. Our results show that amplification of targetable oncogenes is frequent in BRCA1/2 mutation negative MBCs and may identify MBC subsets characterized by aggressive phenotype that may benefit from potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
Facilitatory Effects of Multi-Word Units in Lexical Processing and Word Learning: A Computational Investigation

Previous studies have suggested that children and adults form cognitive representations of co-occurring word sequences. We propose (1) that the formation of such multi-word unit (MWU) representations precedes and facilitates the formation of single-word representations in children and thus benefits word learning, and (2) that MWU representations facilitate adult word recognition and thus benefit lexical processing. Using a modified version of an existing computational model (McCauley and Christiansen, 2014), we extract MWUs from a corpus of child-directed speech (CDS) and a corpus of conversations among adults. We then correlate the number of MWUs within which each word appears with (1) age of first production and (2) adult reaction times on a word recognition task. In doing so, we take care to control for the effect of word frequency, as frequent words will naturally tend to occur in many MWUs. We also compare results to a baseline model which randomly groups words into sequences—and find that MWUs have a unique facilitatory effect on both response variables, suggesting that they benefit word learning in children and word recognition in adults. The effect is strongest on age of first production, implying that MWUs are comparatively more important for word learning than for adult lexical processing. We discuss possible underlying mechanisms and formulate testable predictions.
Robust Rhymes? The Stability of Authorial Style in Medieval Narratives*

Abstract We explore the application of stylometric methods developed for modern texts to rhymed medieval narratives (Jacob van Maerlant and Lodewijk van Velthem, ca. 1260–1330). Because of the peculiarities of medieval text transmission, we propose to use highly frequent rhyme words for authorship attribution. First, we shall demonstrate that these offer important benefits, being relatively content-independent and well-spread over texts. Subsequent experimentation shows that correspondence analyses can indeed detect authorial differences using highly frequent rhyme words. Finally, we demonstrate for Maerlant's oeuvre that this highly frequent rhyme words' stylistic stability should not be exaggerated since their distribution significantly correlates with the internal structure of that oeuvre.
Automatic Reflection Removal using Gradient Intensity and Motion Cues

We present a method to separate the background image and reflection from two photos that are taken in front of a transparent glass under slightly different viewpoints. In our method, the SIFT-flow between two images is first calculated and a motion hierarchy is constructed from the SIFT-flow at multiple levels of spatial smoothness. To distinguish background edges and reflection edges, we calculate a motion score for each edge pixel by its variance along the motion hierarchy. Alternatively, we make use of the so-called superpixels to group edge pixels into edge segments and calculate the motion scores by averaging over each segment. In the meantime, we also calculate an intensity score for each edge pixel by its gradient magnitude. We combine both motion and intensity scores to get a combination score. A binary labelling (for separation) can be obtained by thresholding the combination scores. The background image is finally reconstructed from the separated gradients. Compared to the existing approaches that require a sequence of images or a video clip for the separation, we only need two images, which largely improves its feasibility. Various challenging examples are tested to validate the effectiveness of our method.
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM GRAIN SURFACE AND GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY TO THE FORMATION OF METHYL FORMATE AND ITS STRUCTURAL ISOMERS

Both grain surface and gas phase chemistry have been invoked to explain the disparate relative abundances of methyl formate and its structural isomers acetic acid and glycolaldehyde in the Sgr B2(N) star-forming region. While a network of grain surface chemistry involving radical–radical reactions during the warm-up phase of a hot core is the most chemically viable option proposed to date, neither qualitative nor quantitative agreement between modeling and observation has yet been obtained. In this study, we seek to test additional grain surface and gas phase processes to further investigate methyl formate-related chemistry by implementing several modifications to the Ohio State University gas/grain chemical network. We added two new gas phase chemical pathways leading to methyl formate, one involving an exothermic, barrierless reaction of protonated methanol with neutral formic acid; and one involving the reaction of protonated formic acid with neutral methanol to form both the cis and trans forms of protonated methyl formate. In addition to these gas phase processes, we have also investigated whether the relative product branching ratios for methanol photodissociation on grains influence the relative abundances of methyl formate and its structural isomers. We find that while the new gas phase formation pathways do not alter the relative abundances of methyl formate and its structural isomers, changes in the photodissociation branching ratios and adjustment of the overall timescale for warm-up can be used to explain their relative ratios in Sgr B2(N).
Efficient Fuzzy Type-Ahead Search in XML Data

In a traditional keyword-search system over XML data, a user composes a keyword query, submits it to the system, and retrieves relevant answers. In the case where the user has limited knowledge about the data, often the user feels “left in the dark” when issuing queries, and has to use a try-and-see approach for finding information. In this paper, we study fuzzy type-ahead search in XML data, a new information-access paradigm in which the system searches XML data on the fly as the user types in query keywords. It allows users to explore data as they type, even in the presence of minor errors of their keywords. Our proposed method has the following features: 1) Search as you type: It extends Autocomplete by supporting queries with multiple keywords in XML data. 2) Fuzzy: It can find high-quality answers that have keywords matching query keywords approximately. 3) Efficient: Our effective index structures and searching algorithms can achieve a very high interactive speed. We study research challenges in this new search framework. We propose effective index structures and top-k algorithms to achieve a high interactive speed. We examine effective ranking functions and early termination techniques to progressively identify the top-k relevant answers. We have implemented our method on real data sets, and the experimental results show that our method achieves high search efficiency and result quality.
The interacting e ff ects of treadmill walking and di ff erent types of visuospatial cognitive task : Discriminating dual task and age e ff ects

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the influence that visuospatial cognitive tasks have on gait function during DT treadmill walking, and as a function of age. Conversely, to examine the influence that walking has on executive functions involving visuospatial processing. Methods: Twenty-five young (26 ± 6.1 years) and 25 older adults (76 ± 3.9) performed different types of computerized visuomotor (VM) tracking and visuospatial cognitive tasks (VCG) while standing and treadmill walking. Spatiotemporal gait variables, average values and co-efficient of variation (COV) were obtained from 40 consecutive steps during singleand dual-task walk trials. Performance-based measures of the VM and VCG task were obtained during standing and walking. Results: VM dual-task walking had a significant effect on gait measures in the young age group (YG), but no DT effect was observed in the old age group (OG). Visuomotor tracking performance, however, was significantly reduced in the OG as compared to the YG when tested in both standing and walking. The opposite was true for VCG; a significant DT effect on gait performance was observed in the OG, but no DT effect was observed in the YG. Success rate of the VCG task decreased during walking, but only for OG. Conclusion: Controlling gait speed and objective evaluation of the visuospatial cognitive tasks helps to determine the level of engagement in the DT tasks. This is important in order to determine the strategies used during the DT test protocols, i.e. cross-domain interference.
Acute Effects of a Caffeine-Containing Supplement on Anaerobic Power and Subjective Measurements of Fatigue in Recreationally Active Men

Abstract Hahn, CJ, Jagim, AR, Camic, CL, and Andre, MJ. Acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on anaerobic power and subjective measurements of fatigue in recreationally active men. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1029–1035, 2018—Studies show mixed results for the effects of caffeine on performance, warranting further investigation. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on anaerobic power and subjective measurements of fatigue during resisted sprinting on men. Fourteen recreationally active men (N = 14; [mean ± SD], age: 21.0 ± 0.7 years, height: 178.5 ± 5.1 cm, body mass: 77.3 ± 9.6 kg, and percent body fat: 12.6 ± 4.8%) participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subject crossover design study. The first visit required each participant to complete 3 sets of practice sprints on a nonmotorized treadmill ranging from 10 to 20 seconds. During the second visit, participants completed 5 more practice sprints ranging from 15 to 25 seconds. During the third and fourth visits, participants ingested one serving of a caffeine-containing or placebo beverage (the opposite beverage was consumed during the fourth visit), rested for 20 minutes, and completed a dynamic warm-up before sprinting. Anaerobic power was assessed using a countermovement vertical jump and nonmotorized treadmill sprint test. Psychological variables were scored using a 5-point Likert scale. No significant (p ⩽ 0.05) differences were observed between conditions for average (p = 0.22) or peak power (p = 0.43). Both conditions resulted in a significant increase in fatigue, although the increase was less for the caffeine condition (caffeine [INCREMENT] = 0.93 and placebo [INCREMENT] = 1.71). These findings indicated that the caffeine-containing supplement improved perceived measures of fatigue but not power indices assessed through vertical jump or nonmotorized treadmill sprinting. The consumption of a caffeine beverage may be beneficial for reducing perceived fatigue during acute anaerobic exercise, particularly when repeated sprints are used.
MicroRNA-302a inhibits osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion by directly targeting IGF-1R

Osteosarcoma is one of the most frequent types of primary malignant bone neoplasm in children and adolescents. Despite advancements developed in therapeutic modalities, the 5-year overall survival rates for patients with metastatic osteosarcoma disease remain poor. The present study aimed to investigate the expression level of microRNA-302a (miR-302a) in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, and the biological roles of miR-302a in osteosarcoma cells. In addition, the molecular mechanism underlying its tumor suppressive roles was evaluated. miR-302a expression in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Following transfection of miR-302a mimics or IGF-1R siRNA, transwell migration and invasion, luciferase reporter assay RT-qPCR and western blot assays were conducted in osteosarcoma cells. In the present study, the data demonstrated that miR-302a was frequently reduced in osteosarcoma tissue and cell lines. In addition, the expression of miR-302a was correlated with metastatic features of patients with osteosarcoma. Restoration of miR-302a expression significantly inhibited the migration and invasion capacity of osteosarcoma cells. Mechanistic studies indicated that insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) was a direct target gene of miR-302a. Overexpression of miR-302a resulted in decreased expression of IGF-1R at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, the knockdown IGF-1R mimicked the functions of miR-302a overexpression on osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion. Collectively, the results of the current study indicate that miR-302a acts as a metastasis suppressing miRNA and could be investigated as a therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with osteosarcoma to prevent metastasis.
Changes in users' knowledge structures before and after Web search on a topic: Analysis using the concept map

In this study, we investigate the changes in users' mental representations of a topic during their exploratory search on the Web. We use concept maps to compare the users’ knowledge before and after a search. Participants are required to gather information on the Web as preparation for a regular feature of a magazine on environment and trip topics. They are divided into two scenario groups: divergent and convergent. The divergent scenario requires the gathering of Web pages for an entire series of articles in a regular feature while the convergent scenario requires the gathering of Web pages for a single article of a regular feature. A comparative analysis between the pre- and postsearch concept maps indicate that the participants in the divergent scenario change their knowledge widely while the participants in the convergent scenario change their knowledge deeply. The results also show that there were more nodes, links, and link labels in the trip topic than in the environmental topic.
Comparison of Hot-dipping Galfan Alloy Aided by Two Technics

The microstructure comparison,chemical composition analysis and neutral salt spray tests for two platings that are chemical plating and electroplating aiding were done.The results show that two plating layers have the similar microstructure and are the dense eutectic microtructure,the transition portion is not evident.The transition layers of abundant aluminium are distributed in the region of 1 μm;iron content reduces rapidly,so it avoids the forming of Fe-Zn intermetallic compound.But the transition portion of galfan coating aided by chemical plating has breach and the sample has bug.At the same time the real reason for good anti-corrosion of galfan alloy was discussed.
Experimental Studies on the Bonding Strength and Fracture Behavior of Incompatible Materials Bonded by Mechanical Adhesion in Multilayer Rotational Molding

Rotational molding is a plastic processing method that allows for the production of seamless, hollow parts. Defined shaping of the polymeric material only takes place on the outer surface where contact to the tooling is given. The inner surface forms by surface tension effects. By sequential adding of materials, complex multilayer build-up is possible. Besides pure, single materials, filled, or multiphase systems can be processed as well. In this work, possibilities to generate bonding between supposedly incompatible materials by adding a mix-material interlayer are investigated. Interlock mechanisms on a microscale dimension occur and result in mechanical bonding between the used materials, polyethylene (PE) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPE-U). The bonding strength between the materials was investigated to reveal the correlations between processing parameters, resulting layer build-up, and bonding strength. The failure behavior was analyzed and inferences to the influence of the varied parameters were drawn.
Quantitative Prediction of Human Renal Clearance and Drug-Drug Interactions of Organic Anion Transporter Substrates Using In Vitro Transport Data: A Relative Activity Factor Approach

Organic anion transporters (OATs) are important in the renal secretion, and thus, the clearance, of many drugs; and their functional change can result in pharmacokinetic variability. In this study, we applied transport rates measured in vitro using OAT-transfected human embryonic kidney cells to predict human renal secretory and total renal clearance of 31 diverse drugs. Selective substrates to OAT1 (tenofovir), OAT2 (acyclovir and ganciclovir), and OAT3 (benzylpenicillin, oseltamivir acid) were used to obtain relative activity factors (RAFs) for these individual transporters by relating in vitro transport clearance (after physiologic scaling) to in vivo secretory clearance. Using the estimated RAFs (0.64, 7.3, and 4.1, respectively, for OAT1, OAT2, and OAT3, respectively) and the in vitro active clearances, renal secretory clearance and total renal clearance were predicted with average fold errors (AFEs) of 1.89 and 1.40, respectively. The results show that OAT3-mediated transport play a predominant role in renal secretion for 22 of the 31 drugs evaluated. This mechanistic static approach was further applied to quantitatively predict renal drug-drug interactions (AFE ∼1.6) of the substrate drugs with probenecid, a clinical probe OAT inhibitor. In conclusion, the proposed in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approach is the first comprehensive attempt toward mechanistic modeling of renal secretory clearance based on routinely employed in vitro cell models.
Parameter optimization and trajectory planning of 3P-Delta parallel mechanism

3P-Delta parallel mechanism is a spatial 3-DOF translational parallel mechanism which has the advantages of simple structure and easy to control. It can be used in sorting, handling, packaging and other automatic applications. In this paper, taking the 3P-Delta parallel mechanism as the research object, firstly the forward and the inverse kinematics of the mechanism are formulated by using closed-loop vector method. Through the Jacobian matrix of the mechanism, the velocity and acceleration expressions are derived. The singularity points of the mechanism are studied based on the Jacobian matrices and all singularity configurations of the mechanism are obtained. Secondly, based on the inverse kinematics of the mechanism, the workspace of the mechanism is solved by using the extreme limit boundary searching method and the stereoscopic graph of the workspace is plotted. Taking the Jacobian condition number of the mechanism as an index, the dexterity of the mechanism is analyzed, figuring out the Jacobian condition number of each point in the workspace. The global Jacobian condition number of the mechanism is obtained by MATLAB simulation. And taking the minimum global Jacobian condition number as the optimization objective, the structural parameters of the mechanism are optimized using the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal dimension of the mechanism. Then, the virtual prototype model is established using ADAMS to simulate the mechanism and the velocity and acceleration curves of the mechanism are obtained. From the curve, it can be concluded that the mechanism has a good movement performance. Finally, the experimental prototype is constructed and the motion trajectory of the mechanism is planned by trapezoidal velocity curve. With the trajectory planning, the moving platform can pass through a given path with a good kinematics performance.