Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of phenotypic plasticity and environmental tolerance of a labile quantitative character in a fluctuating environment

Quantitative genetic models of evolution of phenotypic plasticity are used to derive environmental tolerance curves for a population in a changing environment, providing a theoretical foundation for integrating physiological and community ecology with evolutionary genetics of plasticity and norms of reaction. Plasticity is modelled for a labile quantitative character undergoing continuous reversible development and selection in a fluctuating environment. If there is no cost of plasticity, a labile character evolves expected plasticity equalling the slope of the optimal phenotype as a function of the environment. This contrasts with previous theory for plasticity influenced by the environment at a critical stage of early development determining a constant adult phenotype on which selection acts, for which the expected plasticity is reduced by the environmental predictability over the discrete time lag between development and selection. With a cost of plasticity in a labile character, the expected plasticity depends on the cost and on the environmental variance and predictability averaged over the continuous developmental time lag. Environmental tolerance curves derived from this model confirm traditional assumptions in physiological ecology and provide new insights. Tolerance curve width increases with larger environmental variance, but can only evolve within a limited range. The strength of the trade‐off between tolerance curve height and width depends on the cost of plasticity. Asymmetric tolerance curves caused by male sterility at high temperature are illustrated. A simple condition is given for a large transient increase in plasticity and tolerance curve width following a sudden change in average environment.
Expression and localization of HGF and met in Wilms' tumours

A number of growth factors and cognate receptors that contribute to normal kidney development have been shown to play roles in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumours. Expression of both hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor met has been demonstrated in normal tissues and their neoplastic counterparts, implicating these factors in normal development and tumour progression. HGF and met expression has not been studied in Wilms' tumour. Since HGF and met function in a paracrine fashion by regulating tubulogenesis in normal kidney development, they could be involved in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumour, in which tubular formation is dysplastic. In the present study, a series of ten homotypic (consisting of blastemal, epithelial, and stromal elements) and ten heterotypic (consisting of triphasic histology and a muscle component) Wilms' tumour cases were examined for expression of HGF and met, using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. Relatively high met message and protein expression, compared with normal kidney, were evident in homotypic and heterotypic tumour blastemal, epithelial, and rhabdomyoblastic cells and a 145 kD met polypeptide was found in all tumours, with a few cases also expressing the 170 kD precursor form. No apparent alterations of the met receptor were observed. Similarly, HGF protein was also abundantly expressed in blastemal, epithelial, and rhabdomyoblastic cells of the homotypic and heterotypic Wilms' tumours and a 69 kD HGF polypeptide was demonstrated by western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry for the Ki‐67 proliferation marker indicated that the pattern of Ki‐67 expression correlated with the HGF and met pattern of expression in both homotypic and heterotypic tumours. These results reveal, for the first time, significant co‐expression of met/HGF in Wilms' tumours, with a correspondingly high proliferative index in the same cell groups. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drawing planar graphs with prescribed face areas by Lesvia

This thesis deals with planar drawings of planar graphs such that each interior face has a prescribed area. Our work is divided into two main sections. The first one deals with straight-line drawings and the second one with orthogonal drawings. For straight-line drawings, it was known that such drawings exist for all planar graphs with maximum degree 3. We show here that such drawings exist for all planar partial 3-trees, i.e., subgraphs of a triangulated planar graph obtained by repeatedly inserting a vertex in one triangle and connecting it to all vertices of the triangle. Moreover, vertices have rational coordinates if the face areas are rational, and we can bound the resolution. For orthogonal drawings, we give an algorithm to draw triconnected planar graphs with maximum degree 3. This algorithm produces a drawing with at most 8 bends per face and 4 bends per edge, which improves the previous known result of 34 bends per face. Both vertices and bends have rational coordinates if the face areas are rational.
Physical and Cyber Crime Detection using Digital Forensic Approach: A Complete Digital Forensic Tool

Criminalization may be a general development that has significantly extended in previous few years. In order, to create the activity of the work businesses easy, use of technology is important. Crime investigation analysis is a section record in data mining plays a crucial role in terms of predicting and learning the criminals. In our paper, we've got planned an incorporated version for physical crime as well as cyber crime analysis. Our approach uses data mining techniques for crime detection and criminal identity for physical crimes and digitized forensic tools (DFT) for evaluating cybercrimes. The presented tool named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process tool (CDFPT) is entirely based on digital forensic model and its stages named as Comparative Digital Forensic Process Model (CDFPM). The primary step includes accepting the case details, categorizing the crime case as a physical crime or cybercrime and sooner or later storing the data in particular databases. For physical crime analysis, we've used k-means approach cluster set of rules to make crime clusters. The k-means method effects are a lot advantageous by the utilization of GMAPI generation. This provides advanced and consumer-friendly visual aid to k-means approach for tracing the region of the crime. we have applied KNN for criminal identification with the help of observing beyond crimes and finding similar ones that suit this crime, if no past document is discovered then the new crime sample are introduced to the crime dataset. With the advancements of the web, the network form has become much more complicated and attacking methods are furthermore than that as well. For crime analysis, we're detecting the attacks executed on a host system through an outside the usage of assorted digitized forensic tools to produce information security with the help of generating reports for an event which could need any investigation. Our digitized technique aids the development of the society by helping the investigation businesses to follow a custom-built investigative technique in crime analysis and criminal identification as opposed to manually looking the database to analyze criminal activities, and as a result, facilitate them in combating crimes.
Induction of immunomodulatory monocytes by human mesenchymal stem cell‐derived hepatocyte growth factor through ERK1/2

Monocytes are a population of leukocytes that terminally differentiate into macrophages and DCs. Whereas these differentiated progeny have inflammatory and resident—which are more immunomodulatory—phenotypes, less has been reported on the plasticity of monocytes themselves. We found that MSCs, a population of somatic stem cells, can rapidly induce human and murine monocytes through secretion of HGF to acquire an immunomodulatory phenotype to suppress T cell effector function. MSCs are multilineage postnatal progenitor cells with strong immunomodulatory effects toward T lymphocytes, NK lymphocytes, and DCs, but less is known regarding their interactions with monocytes. We found that CD14+ human monocytes express c‐Met, the receptor for HGF, and both depletion of HGF‐treated CD14+ monocytes and knockdown of HGF secretion in MSCs abrogate the suppression of anti‐CD3/28‐activated T cell proliferation. HGF‐treated monocytes remain undifferentiated and can alter activated T cell cytokine expression from a Th1 toward Th2 profile. Moreover, monocytes cocultured with MSCs or treated with HGF alone can produce high levels of IL‐10, a potent immunomodulatory cytokine. Injection of HGF to WT mice also results in an increase in IL‐10+‐expressing monocytes from the spleen, a known reservoir for circulating monocytes. Mechanistically, HGFs modulate IL‐10 production in monocytes through the ERK1/2 pathway. Our data demonstrate further the pleomorphic nature of MSC immunomodulation, as well as highlight the important role of immunomodulatory monocytes in altering T cell effector function.
The development of diving behavior in juvenile Weddell seals: pushing physiological limits in order to survive

In juvenile phocids, the successful transition from nursing to independent foraging is contingent upon the development of adequate diving skills within the limited time between weaning and the depletion of body reserves. Yet, because juvenile seals are unable to remain submerged for as long as adults, owing to their smaller size, higher metabolic rates, and lowered oxygen stores, their behavioral options are likely constrained. To determine how such limitations might influence foraging strategies, we studied the development of diving behavior and physiology in Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) juveniles, using a combination of time-depth recorders, satellite-linked dive recorders, and morphological and physiological measurements (mass and blood chemistry). Time-depth recorder data indicated that the average depth, duration, and frequency of dives made by pups increased rapidly in the period from birth through weaning, but slowed soon thereafter. While preweaning increases in these parameters were correlated with seal age, postweaning increases in dive capacity were gradual and were probably the result of slower changes in mass and body composition. In weaned pups and yearlings, dive frequency and time underwater increased with age and (or) mass. Despite their smaller size and lower absolute energy requirements, the amount of time juveniles spent in the water was similar to that spent by adults. However, because juveniles were unable to remain submerged as long as adults and because most foraging dives were deep, juveniles were unable to spend an equivalent amount of time at the foraging depths. This difference was evident even though juveniles dove much closer to their anaerobic threshold than did adults. These findings support the hypothesis that the foraging efficiency of younger seals is reduced relative to that of adults, owing to physiological and morphological constraints on aerobic dive duration, and suggests that low juvenile survival might result from behavioral constraints.
Implementing Packaged Software

This article presents a model of the implementation process for dedicated packages and describes a research project to test the model undertaken with the cooperation of a major computer vendor. Data were collected from y8 individuals in 18 firms using the package and from the package vendor. The results of the study offer some support for the model, along with suggestions for package implementation for both the customer and package vendor.
Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and phase contrast light microscopy to examine marine biofilms

Confocal laser scanning rnicroscopy (CLSM) was used to examine living organisms within marine biofilms growing on microscope slides and on natural opaque and uneven substrata such as rocks and shells. The results were compared to images of identical fields observed under transmitted llght and phase contrast microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Confocal microscopy proved superior in sevcrdl respects: (l) It gave clear images of organisms even if they were overlaid with a thick layer of mucus, other organlsms and debr~s. (2) It did not require the biofilm to be disrupted or dned and allowed samples to be re-examined at intervals. (3) It could also distinguish living (fluorescing) organisms from dead cells or inorganic matter. (4) Examining optical 'slices' of samples allowed the 3 dimensional structure of the biofdm to be v~sualised.H owever, species identification, particularly of diatoms, was much easier using scanning electron microscopy. Methods were developed for overlaying a fixed grid on samples so that specific sites or individual organisms could be accurately relocated for re-examination. Appropriate staining methods were also evaluated. Confocal microscopy will prove to be an invaluable aid for examining the structure and growth of living biofilrns in studies of shore ecology and marine fouling.
Decomposing value chains within Swedish multinationals

Multinational enterprises (MNE) have been highly instrumental in the processes leading to the increased fragmentation of production within global value chains. We examine the relationship between relative demands for skills, non-routine or non-offshorable tasks in Swedish MNE parents (onshore) and their employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore), as well as the impact on relative demand in Swedish enterprises at home when establishing an affiliate abroad. The period of study is 2001 to 2013, a period of expansion for Swedish MNEs, particularly in low-income countries such as China. Our instrumental variable estimates suggest that there is a causal relationship of increased employment shares in affiliates abroad (offshore) on higher relative demand for skills and non-routine tasks in the parents at home (onshore) and that the impact of such offshore employment changes onshore is non-negligible. Furthermore, we estimate the relationships between absolute employment onshore (skilled and less-skilled labor) and employment in affiliates offshore (high- and low-income countries). Increased employment in affiliates in lowincome countries is negatively related to the employment of less-skilled workers in manufacturing MNE parents (substitute), whereas increased employment in affiliates in high-income countries is positively related to the employment of both skilled and lessskilled workers in service at MNE parents (complement).
Intégration de spécifications de rétroaction dans un formalisme pour la conception de systèmes interactifs

Dans un systeme interactif, le terme retroaction (reponse du systeme utilisateur ou rendering) fait reference a toute forme de communication allant de l'application vers l'utilisateur. Ce memoire traite de la specification de retroaction, et son lien avec la specification formelle du dialogue entre l'application et l'utilisateur. Nous presentons tout d'abord une taxonomie des differentes categories de retroaction en fonction de sa semantique dans l'application. Ensuite, nous etendons la portee de notre formalisme des ICO (formalisme mixte a base d'une approche orientee objet et du reseau de Petri) pour specifier formellement les retroactions d'une application. Enfin, nous presentons differentes etudes de cas d'applications dotees d'interface a manipulation directe afin de montrer comme plusieurs categories de retroaction sont prises en compte dans le formalisme des ICO.
The Relationship Between Environment, Efficacy Beliefs, and Academic Achievement of Low-Income African American Children in Special Education

African American students are overrepresented in special education. Ecological systems theory, social cognitive theory, and a literature review demonstrate that children's environments, particularly school, and self-efficacy impact the educational outcomes of African American children. Interventions have aimed to improve children's environmental resources and efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of environment, efficacy beliefs, and the Nurse–Family Partnership intervention on the educational achievements of African American children in special education. A secondary data analysis of 126 African American children in special education found that self-efficacy and the number of hours spent in special education were associated with their academic achievement.
Senior Marketing Executives' Strategies to Implement Multicultural Marketing Campaigns

Senior Marketing Executives’ Strategies to Implement Multicultural Marketing Campaigns by Derine McCrory MSA, Central Michigan University, 1997 BS, Grand Valley State University, 1991 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University October 2018 Abstract The population in the United States is expected to increase an estimated 42% by the year 2042; ethnic minorities will become the majority group. Marketing executives must understand the environment in which consumers from diverse cultures respond to marketing stimuli. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategiesThe population in the United States is expected to increase an estimated 42% by the year 2042; ethnic minorities will become the majority group. Marketing executives must understand the environment in which consumers from diverse cultures respond to marketing stimuli. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies senior marketing executives use to implement successful multicultural marketing campaigns. The target population consisted of senior marketing executives from 3 profitable companies in the state of Michigan with experience in the implementation of successful multicultural marketing campaigns. The conceptual framework was the critical multicultural marketing theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and organizational documents. Data were analyzed using Yin’s 5 stages of analysis: compiled and organized, disassembled into fragments, reassembled into a sequence of groups, interpreted for meaning, and conclusions were drawn. Methodological triangulation and member checking were used to validate the trustworthiness of data interpretations. The findings showed 3 emerging themes: marketing using diversity and inclusion strategies; segmentation, target marketing, and positioning strategies; and cultural competence strategies. The information gathered in this study is valuable to current and future marketing managers with an interest in marketing to multicultural consumers. The implications for positive social change include creating and sustaining an environment of inclusion that proactively and strategically engages underrepresented populations of
Actual Achievements on Germ Cells and Gametes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells

In mammals, the specification of GC begins during cleavage; GC first appears near the gut and further migrates to the developing gonads. The lineage of GC is called germ line. They are unique cells, which undergo cell division of two types, mitosis and meiosis, in contrast to somatic cells of mammal’s body, which only divide by mitosis. Accordingly to Fig. 2 following further differentiation GC can be transformed into mature gamete, either eggs or sperm (Adams & McLaren, 2002). There is growing evidence for effects of environmental
A Plea for Minimally Biased Empirical Philosophy

Naturalistic philosophers rely on literature search and review in a number of ways and for different purposes. Yet this article shows how processes of literature search and review are likely to be affected by widespread and systematic biases. A solution to this problem is offered here. Whilst the tradition of systematic reviews of literature from scientific disciplines has been neglected in philosophy, systematic reviews are important tools that minimize bias in literature search and review and allow for greater reproducibility and transparency. If naturalistic philosophers wish to reduce bias in their research, they should then supplement their traditional tools for literature search and review by including systematic methodologies.
Farmers Adaptation of Post Conversion Land in Subang District, West Java, Indonesia

Subang Regency has an important role as the rice supplier area. As one of the rice production centers in Indonesia, rice farmers address rice fields as an asset or resource. As an asset, farmers conduct rice farming activities in the rice fields with economical orientation and rely on their food source mainly from the rice production. Conversions of paddy fields have changed the socioeconomic balancing amongst the farmers. They responded to the changes by adapting to new conditions, thus farmers’ post-conversion responses are an interesting aspect to study. This research aimed to understand the rice farmers adaptations, which was involved 15 key informants using in-dept interviews and purposive sampling method of 164 respondents. The analysis of the interview results used the concept of adaptation based on objectives, timing, and then strengthened with relevant documents for the study area. This study found, that: 1) farmers tried to make adjustments in using the compensation funds, livelihood, professions, farming, and household needs; 2) farmers’ adaptation are their way to earn the income and maintain their livelihood, and 3) some farmers firmly stated that their adaptations have made newly more prosperous conditions for them.
Forêts aléatoires : remarques méthodologiques

On s'interesse a la methode des forets aleatoires d'un point de vue methodologique. Introduite par Leo Breiman en 2001, elle est desormais largement utilisee tant en classication qu'en regression avec un succes spectaculaire. On vise tout d'abord a confirmer les resultats experimentaux, connus mais epars, quant au choix des parametres de la methode, tant pour les problemes dits "standards" que pour ceux dits de "grande dimension" (pour lesquels le nombre de variables est tres grand vis a vis du nombre d'observations). Mais la contribution principale de cet article est d'etudier le comportement du score d'importance des variables base sur les forets aleatoires et d'examiner deux problemes classiques de selection de variables. Le premier est de degager les variables importantes a des fins d'interpretation tandis que le second, plus restrictif, vise a se restreindre a un sous-ensemble suffisant pour la prediction. La strategie generale procede en deux etapes : le classement des variables base sur les scores d'importance suivi d'une procedure d'introduction ascendante sequentielle des variables.
Use of a Cellulase-Derepressed Mutant of Cellulomonas in the Production of a Single-Cell Protein Product from Cellulose

A cellulase-derepressed mutant of a Cellulomonas species was used to produce single-cell protein from crystalline cellulose. In preliminary tests, maximum yield of single-cell protein was obtained at 30°C (pH 7.0) with urea as the nitrogen source. A continuous-flow foam flotation procedure was developed for rapid and efficient separation of bacteria from the culture liquid and cellulose residue. A pH of 4.5 was optimum for foam flotation of this organism. In preliminary trials, recovery was 85% of the cells with the flotation procedure. Cellulomonas was 68% true protein and had an essential amino acid profile featuring a high lysine content (6.5% of protein). The Cellulomonas product was evaluated nutritionally with weanling rats. The net protein utilization value for the protein supplemented with methionine was 50.4% Weight gain of rats on the Cellulomonas diet was similar to that of rats fed a casein diet.