Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEMONSTRATION OF A QUANTUM GATE WITH ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES

Title of dissertation: DEMONSTRATION OF A QUANTUM GATE WITH ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES Jaime David Wong Campos Doctor of Philosophy 2017 Dissertation directed by: Professor Christopher R. Monroe Joint Quantum Institute University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology One of the major problems in building a quantum computer is the development of scalable and robust methods to entangle many qubits. Quantum computers based on trapped atomic ions are one of the most mature and promising platforms for quantum information processing [1,2], exhibiting excellent coherence properties [3], near-perfect qubit detection efficiency [4], and high-fidelity entangling gates [5, 6]. Entangling operations between multiple ions in a chain typically rely on qubit statedependent forces that modulate their Coulomb-coupled normal modes of motion [1, 7, 8]. However, scaling these operations to large qubit numbers in a single chain must account for the increasing complexity of the normal mode spectrum, and can result in a gate time slowdown [9] or added complexity of the control forces [10]. In this thesis, I present an alternative route to the scalability problem using optical interactions faster than any state evolution. The experiments shown here represent a proof of principle for quantum manipulation of atoms in the strong coupling regime. This work relies on spin dependent forces (SDK) with short laser pulses and use it as our fundamental building block for thermometry and non-trivial motional state preparation. Together with a robust stabilization of the ion trap and high light collection efficiency, we demonstrate two-ion entanglement with ten ultrafast pulses. Due to the nature of the interaction, the demonstrated entangling operation can be made arbitrarily fast only limited by laser engineering. DEMONSTRATION OF A QUANTUM GATE WITH ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES by Jaime David Wong Campos Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Advisory Committee: Professor Christopher R. Monroe, Chair/Advisor Professor Alexey V. Gorshkov Professor Mohammad Hafezi Professor Howard Milchberg Professor Luis A. Orozco c © Copyright by Jaime David Wong Campos 2017
On the use of time-varying delay to represent sample-and-hold circuits

This paper revises the so-called input delay approach to the control of sampled-data systems with nonuniform sampling, in which the sample-and-hold circuit is embedded into an analog system with a time-varying input delay. It is shown that the conservatism in calculating the maximal admissible sampling period is reduced by about 57% if the time-varying delay embedding step is omitted.
Li‐Fraumeni and Li‐Fraumeni—like syndrome among children diagnosed with pediatric cancer in Southern Brazil

Pediatric cancers are a feature in patients with Li‐Fraumeni syndrome and its variant Li‐Fraumeni–like syndrome (LFS/LFL). To the best of the authors' knowledge, TP53 germline mutations are currently the only molecular defect known to be associated with this disease. Recently, a specific germline mutation in this gene, p.R337H, has been reported at a high prevalence in Brazil.
What makes narcissists bloom? A framework for research on the etiology and development of narcissism

Abstract Narcissism is a dynamic form of personality characterized by a pervasive sense of grandiosity and self-importance, and by a need to obtain continuous self-validation from others. Very little is known about its etiology and development. What factors (e.g., temperament, parenting experiences) and processes (e.g., transactions between these factors over time) cause some children to become more narcissistic than others? When does narcissism first emerge, and how does narcissism develop over time? This article describes a framework for research on the etiology and development of narcissism, and recommends ten research priorities. This research should yield fundamental knowledge and should inform intervention efforts to minimize the negative impact narcissistic individuals have on themselves and on others.
NEW SAMPLER FOR THE COLLECTION, SIZING, AND ENUMERATION OF VIABLE AIRBORNE PARTICLES,

Numerous authors investigating respiratory tract penetration by air particulate pollutants have recognized the relationship existing between particle size and lung penetration. Morton (1956) concluded that the particle size of an aerosol of pathogenic organisms determines the degree of infectivity by the respiratory route. Druet et al. (1953) stated that infectivity is greatest with sinigle spore particles and falls off sharply with particles larger than 5 microns. Harper and Morton (1953) said that few particles larger than 4 microns reach the lungs. Brown et al. (1950) summarized the theoretical and experimental findings on respiratory tract penetration. They stated that nasal efficiency for screening out airborne particles entering the respiratory tract is practically 100 per cent for particles above 5 microns and decreases with particle size to zero for 1 micron particles; that depth of penetration into the respiratory tract increases with decreasing size; that alveolar retention is complete for particles larger than 1 micron which escape being trapped in the upper respiratory tract; and that from 1 to }E micron, alveolar retention decreases. Wells (1955) pointed out that it is not the size of the particles but rather the aerodynamic dimension which determines luing penetrability. From these and many other references it is obvious that any instrument used to assess the health hazard or infection potential of particulate aerosols should determine the number and the size3 of the airborne particles
Conformational analysis and electronic structure of chiral carbon and carbon nitride nanotubes

Geometry and electronic structure of chiral carbon and carbon nitride (CNx) nanotubes were investigated through quantum chemical methods. Finite nanotubes with diameters ranging from 5 to 10 A and containing up to 500 atoms were considered. CNx structures were built through random substitution of carbon atoms by nitrogen. The molecules were fully optimized by semi-empirical quantum chemical method (PM3). Our results show that the energy associated with nitrogen incorporation depends strongly upon the tube helicity and diameter. The doping of nanotubes with nitrogen contributes to reduce the stress caused by the small diameter of the studied systems. Density of States (DOS) results for pure carbon and CNx nanostructures, obtained through DFT and Hartree-Fock calculations, were analyzed. The introduction of nitrogen in the tube produce states in the gap region which characterizes the metallic behavior, as expected for these systems after N-doping.
Exploring the gender gap in young adults' attitudes about animal research.

Young adults' attitudes toward the use of animals in scientific research were examined by using data from the Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSA Y). A structural equation model was estimated using LISREL8 to examine the development of these attitudes. Gender was found to have the greatest total effect on opposition to animal research, while feminist attitudes had the second greatest total effect. Feminist attitudes, 10th grade science achievement, adult scientific literacy, general attitudes toward science, partisan affiliation, anda numberof early home influences each explained part, but not all of the gender difference in attitudes about scientific research.
Serious games for motivating into programming

In Computer Science Education there is a tendency to implement active learning paradigms where students are the focus of the educational process. An instantiation of these learning methods are gaming environments. We present ProGames, a system for learning programming skills through a leveled set of visually-attractive and interactive programming games in Greenfoot, categorized by student's likes, offering them solutions to sets of problems that they really enjoy or like most. We present a combined evaluation of usability (first) done during the academic course 2012-13 in three Computer Science Degrees and an evaluation of appealing for the students (second) based on the organization in games categories done during the academic course 2013-14. The combination of both evaluations suggests that offering students a set of serious games that meets their likes really increases their appeal for the games and therefore for learning with them. We present this experience to encourage academia to propose their students learning materials which really are appealing to them and why not? Fun.
An Innovative Elective Course in Anticoagulation Management

Objective. To develop and implement an elective pharmacy course in anticoagulation management and assess student learning. Design. Students participated in active-learning activities including evaluating a patient receiving outpatient or inpatient anticoagulation therapy, participating in a team project and presentation, and completing a “living with anticoagulation” assignment that included modeling both the health care provider's and the patient's role. Assessment. A precourse and postcourse standardized examination on anticoagulation along with a short answer midterm and final examination were administered. Performance between precourse and postcourse examination improved by approximately 25%, and 90% of students scored ≥ 90% on the final examination. Reflective narratives provided support that students found the “living with anticoagulation” assignment a valuable learning experience which developed empathy towards patients. Conclusion. An elective course in anticoagulation management that included multiple active-learning assignments was successful in increasing both students' knowledge and empathy.
Gibrat's Law for (All) Cities: A Rejoinder

We establish that the debate between Eeckhout (2004; 2009) and Levy (2009) has still not resolved the key issue of whether the distribution of large US urban places in 2000 is consistent with a lognormal for the intire size range. We resolve this by introducing a new distribution function which switches between a lognormal and a power distribution and estimating it with the data used by Eeckhout and Levy (2009). We find that there is a sudden transition from lognormality to power behavior as city populations icrease above sudden transition from lognormality to power behavior as city populations increase above 100,000. Gibrat's law holds for most cities but a power law holds for most of the population.
Functional Effects of Central Core Disease Mutations in the Cytoplasmic Region of the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor

Central core disease (CCD) is a human myopathy that involves a dysregulation in muscle Ca2+ homeostasis caused by mutations in the gene encoding the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the protein that comprises the calcium release channel of the SR. Although genetic studies have clearly demonstrated linkage between mutations in RyR1 and CCD, the impact of these mutations on release channel function and excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle is unknown. Toward this goal, we have engineered the different CCD mutations found in the NH2-terminal region of RyR1 into a rabbit RyR1 cDNA (R164C, I404M, Y523S, R2163H, and R2435H) and characterized the functional effects of these mutations after expression in myotubes derived from RyR1-knockout (dyspedic) mice. Resting Ca2+ levels were elevated in dyspedic myotubes expressing four of these mutants (Y523S > R2163H > R2435H R164C > I404M RyR1). A similar rank order was also found for the degree of SR Ca2+ depletion assessed using maximal concentrations of caffeine (10 mM) or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 30 μM). Although all of the CCD mutants fully restored L-current density, voltage-gated SR Ca2+ release was smaller and activated at more negative potentials for myotubes expressing the NH2-terminal CCD mutations. The shift in the voltage dependence of SR Ca2+ release correlated strongly with changes in resting Ca2+, SR Ca2+ store depletion, and peak voltage–gated release, indicating that increased release channel activity at negative membrane potentials promotes SR Ca2+ leak. Coexpression of wild-type and Y523S RyR1 proteins in dyspedic myotubes resulted in release channels that exhibited an intermediate degree of SR Ca2+ leak. These results demonstrate that the NH2-terminal CCD mutants enhance release channel sensitivity to activation by voltage in a manner that leads to increased SR Ca2+ leak, store depletion, and a reduction in voltage-gated Ca2+ release. Two fundamentally distinct cellular mechanisms (leaky channels and EC uncoupling) are proposed to explain how altered release channel function caused by different mutations in RyR1 could result in muscle weakness in CCD.
Web-page summarization using clickthrough data

Most previous Web-page summarization methods treat a Web page as plain text. However, such methods fail to uncover the full knowledge associated with a Web page needed in building a high-quality summary, because many of these methods do not consider the hidden relationships in the Web. Uncovering the hidden knowledge is important in building good Web-page summarizers. In this paper, we extract the extra knowledge from the clickthrough data of a Web search engine to improve Web-page summarization. Wefirst analyze the feasibility in utilizing the clickthrough data to enhance Web-page summarization and then propose two adapted summarization methods that take advantage of the relationships discovered from the clickthrough data. For those pages that are not covered by the clickthrough data, we design a thematic lexicon approach to generate implicit knowledge for them. Our methods are evaluated on a dataset consisting of manually annotated pages as well as a large dataset that is crawled from the Open Directory Project website. The experimental results indicate that significant improvements can be achieved through our proposed summarizer as compared to the summarizers that do not use the clickthrough data.
Induction of the HSP110/105 Family in the Rat Hippocampus in Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemic Tolerance

Recently, the authors isolated a novel gene of the HSP110 family, ischemia responsive protein 94 kDa (irp94), and demonstrated the expression of this gene after transient forebrain ischemia. In the current study, the authors investigated the expression profiles of all HSP110 family members including hsp110/105 and osp94/apg-1, after transient forebrain ischemia using rat four-vessel occlusion model. Among three members of the HSP110 family, induction of hsp110/105 was the most prominent after ischemia. hsp110/105 mRNA expression was clearly enhanced from 4 to 24 hours after a 6-minute or longer ischemic period. First, hsp110/105 mRNA expression was induced in the dentate gyrus, and later in the pyramidal layer. HSP110/105 protein expression also was enhanced by a 6-minute or longer period of ischemia. Profiles of HSP110/105 expression after ischemia were similar to those of inducible HSP70. After transient forebrain ischemia for 10 minutes, HSP110/105 protein was induced in the dentate gyrus and the CA3 pyramidal layer, but not in the CA1 pyramidal neurons. However, 6 minutes of ischemia induced the HSP110/105 protein, as well as the HSP70 protein, in the CA1 region. CA1 pyramidal neurons expressing HSP110/105 acquired tolerance against subsequent severe ischemia. In conclusion, HSP110/105 showed the most prominent induction after ischemia among the three HSP110 gene family members. Colocalization of HSP110/105 and HSP70 in the CA1 neurons that acquired tolerance suggested that induced HSP110/105 might contribute to ischemic tolerance together with HSP70.
Clustering of Buildings within City Districts to reduce Runtime for Energy System Placement Optimization

Modern energy systems, such as combined heat and power (CHP) units, can play an important role to efficiently cover energy demands in urban areas. Optimization supports the placement of thermo-electrical energy systems. However, runtime increases progressively with rising number of buildings. This results in limitations of city system size for optimization. Clustering of buildings is a possible solution to enable optimization of large scale systems. Thus, buildings are clustered into smaller input groups. In this paper, we describe a building clustering algorithm based on street patterns. The street clustering algorithm has been applied to a test city district and has been compared to other clustering algorithms. The building clusters served as input for an optimization program. Results show that the optimization with clustering preprocessing might have lower objective function values compared to whole city district optimization. However, runtime can be decreased significantly. Therefore, clustering methods enable energy system optimization of large city districts in feasible runtime.
QSAR of Flavylium Salts as Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase

A simple QSAR model of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory flavylium salts, which enables prediction of the inhibitory potency of anthocyanidins as a function of their molecular properties, has been developed. The results obtained in the present work help to understand which of the several tautomeric anhydrobase species present in nearly neutral solution are mainly responsible for the inhibition of XO.
Parsing as Reduction

We reduce phrase-representation parsing to dependency parsing. Our reduction is grounded on a new intermediate representation, "head-ordered dependency trees", shown to be isomorphic to constituent trees. By encoding order information in the dependency labels, we show that any off-the-shelf, trainable dependency parser can be used to produce constituents. When this parser is non-projective, we can perform discontinuous parsing in a very natural manner. Despite the simplicity of our approach, experiments show that the resulting parsers are on par with strong baselines, such as the Berkeley parser for English and the best single system in the SPMRL-2014 shared task. Results are particularly striking for discontinuous parsing of German, where we surpass the current state of the art by a wide margin.
Experiments on speaker profile portability

This paper addresses the problem of speaker characterization in the speaker-dependent speech recognition problem. Speaker Adaptation and Normalization techniques are designed to reduce the mismatch introduced by inter-speaker variability. Yet there is another source of mismatch introduced by intra-speaker variability. Indeed, the speaking style of a speaker depends on the nature of the speech uttered. The framework of this paper is speaker-dependent isolated-word recognition on an embedded engine. The limited computational and memory loads of this engine reduce the possible techniques for normalization. The proposed solution uses a speaker profile trained on dictation data and exported to the embedded engine. In this framework we study the portability of a task-dependent speaker profile from dictation task to command task. Experiments have been conducted on a Scansoft 255 speakers database. We show that the portability results in a loss of efficiency due to the nature of the considered tasks.
From Crisis to IMF-Supported Program: Does Democracy Impede the Speed Required by Financial Markets?

Has the spread of democracy and political participation impeded the need for speed required by financial markets and the elevated threat of contagion across borders? We examine the time span between the onset of a financial crisis and the agreement on an IMF-supported adjustment program. This span appears to have decreased over time. More precisely, we find that the time from a crisis to the approval of a program has been smaller the more serious the crisis. Importantly, this responsiveness to a widening range of financial vulnerabilities has increased with growing financial integration. Democracies, particularly those with checks and balances, have been sensitive to time pressures.
Stressors in the relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit

Objective To identify and stratify the main stressors for the relatives of patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with relatives of patients admitted to an intensive care unit from April to October 2014. The following materials were used: a questionnaire containing identification information and demographic data of the relatives, clinical data of the patients, and 25 stressors adapted from the Intensive Care Unit Environmental Stressor Scale. The degree of stress caused by each factor was determined on a scale of values from 1 to 4. The stressors were ranked based on the average score obtained. Results The main cause of admission to the intensive care unit was clinical in 36 (52.2%) cases. The main stressors were the patient being in a state of coma (3.15 ± 1.23), the patient being unable to speak (3.15 ± 1.20), and the reason for admission (3.00 ± 1.27). After removing the 27 (39.1%) coma patients from the analysis, the main stressors for the relatives were the reason for admission (2.75 ± 1.354), seeing the patient in the intensive care unit (2.51 ± 1.227), and the patient being unable to speak (2.50 ± 1.269). Conclusion Difficulties in communication and in the relationship with the patient admitted to the intensive care unit were identified as the main stressors by their relatives, with the state of coma being predominant. By contrast, the environment, work routines, and relationship between the relatives and intensive care unit team had the least impact as stressors.
Microarchitecture-Aware Floorplanning for Processor Performance Optimization

Previous generation floorplanners had objectives focused on smaller area and wirelength. These objectives were considered sufficient since the latencies of interconnects could be neglected. As technology advances and feature size continues to shrink, the communication of signals on interconnects becomes multi-cycled, hence the latencies can not be ignored. These interconnect latencies have impacts on the performance of the processor, and most of state-of-the-art floorplanning frameworks do not consider these issues. In this paper, we propose a methodology based on a heuristic for better performance in terms of microarchitecture and floorplanning, and it is more efficient than previous works shown in the literature. The experimental results from a subset of MIPS show that our methodology can better the processor performance. The performance has been improved by up to 35.75% when compared to the floorplanning results from conventional objectives, with few extra overhead on area and wirelength. We also found that the intuition of pressing wirelength for floorplan optimization may not get performance edge.