Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary energy density and body weight changes after 3 years in the PREDIMED study

Abstract The association of dietary energy density (ED) and overweight is not clear in the literature. Our aim was to study in 4259 of the PREDIMED trial whether an increase in dietary ED based on a higher adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with 3-year weight gain. A validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire was administered. Multivariable-adjusted models were used to analyze the association between 3-year ED change and the subsequent 3-year body weight change. The most important weight reduction after 3-year follow-up was observed in the two lowest quintiles and the highest quintile of ED change. The highest ED increase was characterized by an increased intake of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and nuts and a decreased intake of other oils, vegetable and fruit consumption (p < .001). In conclusion, increased 3-year ED in the PREDIMED study, associated with a higher EVOO and nuts consumption, was not associated with weight gain.
Impediments to senior management teams (SMT) role of implementing the performance management system (PMS) in senior secondary schools in Botswana

This study is part of a bigger study about the implementation of the performance management system (PMS) in Botswana. The country has been implementing this reform in all public schools since 1999. As in other public sectors, the main purpose of the introduction of the PMS in the education sector, was to improve service delivery. Therefore, this grounded theory study sought the views of the school management teams regarding the implementation process in senior secondary schools. The senior management team which comprises school heads, deputy school heads and heads of houses are primarily responsible for the implementation process of the PMS in schools. This study has revealed that, there were some factors that impeded school managers from successfully implementing this reform.
Subclinical Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in Human, Vietnam

Laboratory-confirmed cases of subclinical infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in humans are rare, and the true number of these cases is unknown. We describe the identification of a laboratory-confirmed subclinical case in a woman during an influenza A(H5N1) contact investigation in northern Vietnam.
Tracking implementation and (un)intended consequences: a process evaluation of an innovative peripheral health facility financing mechanism in Kenya

In many African countries, user fees have failed to achieve intended access and quality of care improvements. Subsequent user fee reduction or elimination policies have often been poorly planned, without alternative sources of income for facilities. We describe early implementation of an innovative national health financing intervention in Kenya; the health sector services fund (HSSF). In HSSF, central funds are credited directly into a facility’s bank account quarterly, and facility funds are managed by health facility management committees (HFMCs) including community representatives. HSSF is therefore a finance mechanism with potential to increase access to funds for peripheral facilities, support user fee reduction and improve equity in access. We conducted a process evaluation of HSSF implementation based on a theory of change underpinning the intervention. Methods included interviews at national, district and facility levels, facility record reviews, a structured exit survey and a document review. We found impressive achievements: HSSF funds were reaching facilities; funds were being overseen and used in a way that strengthened transparency and community involvement; and health workers’ motivation and patient satisfaction improved. Challenges or unintended outcomes included: complex and centralized accounting requirements undermining efficiency; interactions between HSSF and user fees leading to difficulties in accessing crucial user fee funds; and some relationship problems between key players. Although user fees charged had not increased, national reduction policies were still not being adhered to. Finance mechanisms can have a strong positive impact on peripheral facilities, and HFMCs can play a valuable role in managing facilities. Although fiduciary oversight is essential, mechanisms should allow for local decision-making and ensure that unmanageable paperwork is avoided. There are also limits to what can be achieved with relatively small funds in contexts of enormous need. Process evaluations tracking (un)intended consequences of interventions can contribute to regional financing and decentralization debates.
Evaluation of credibility assessment for microblogging: models and future directions

Due to their openness and low publishing barrier nature, User-Generated Content (UGC) platforms facilitate the creation of huge amounts of inaccurate content. Consequently, assessing UGC information credibility is developing into a vitally important research topic. This paper offers a systematic review of the current developments in assessing information credibility automatically in UGC platforms, focusing on microblogging service. It covers different aspects from dataset collection and feature usage, through classification techniques, to performance evaluation. A novel theoretical credibility model which integrates the evaluators' traits and context factors to assess information credibility is also presented along with important directions for future research on UGC information credibility.
[ETCTR] Efficient Target Localization by Controlling the Transmission Range in Wireless Sensor Networks

The applications of sensor networks are getting critical and important particularly in strategic, applications such as corresponding target detection, surveillance, and target localization. To accomplish target detection and localization data from more then three sensors which receive signals from moving targets, measure RSSI, and translate RSSI into the distance between sensor and target. All this process involves more sensor and energy consumption. Whereas the energy is a critical resource in wireless sensor networks and network lifetime needs to be long-drawn out through the use of energy-conscious sensing strategies during system operations. We introduce an efficient-localization algorithm using only one sensor and auto controlling the transmission rage of its one hope neighbor sensors. Algorithm provides the precise location of the target by using signal strength and velocity of the object. It takes minimum resources of networks, which makes the network prolong. Our approach ETCTR adopt the multicasting for transmission settlement rather then broad casting that minimize the communication cost of the network. This algorithm contributes to increase the overall lifetime of sensor networks. Results illustrate that our approach provide better localization of the target utilizing less power consumption, less communication cost and extended network life.
Predictive modeling methodology for compiler phase-ordering

Today's compilers offer a huge number of transformation options to choose among and this choice can significantly impact on the performance of the code being optimized. Not only the selection of compiler options represents a hard problem to be solved, but also the ordering of the phases is adding further complexity, making it a long standing problem in compilation research. This paper presents an innovative approach for tackling the compiler phase-ordering problem by using predictive modeling. The proposed methodology enables i) to efficiently explore compiler exploration space including optimization permutations and repetitions and ii) to extract the application dynamic features to predict the next-best optimization to be applied to maximize the performance given the current status. Experimental results are done by assessing the proposed methodology with utilizing two different search heuristics on the compiler optimization space and it demonstrates the effectiveness of the methodology on the selected set of applications. Using the proposed methodology on average we observed up to 4% execution speedup with respect to LLVM standard baseline.
Trapped translocation intermediates establish the route for export of capsular polysaccharides across Escherichia coli outer membranes

Significance Exported long-chain polysaccharides protect the bacterial cell in harsh environments and play multifactorial roles in pathogenesis. These long-chain polysaccharides can take the form of secreted polymers (exopolysaccharides), or cell-associated capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) that form an organized surface layer called the capsule. Processes involved in the synthesis and export of CPSs are potential targets for new therapeutic strategies. Independent of their structures, these polymers rely on a family of outer membrane polysaccharide export (OPX) proteins for assembly on the cell surface. Combining structural information with site-specific in vivo photo–cross-linking provides direct evidence that the lumen of octameric complexes of Wza, a prototype OPX protein, is the export conduit for CPS. The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria is designed to exclude potentially harmful molecules. This property presents a challenge for bacteria that must secrete proteins and large glycoconjugates to grow, divide, and persist. Proteins involved in trafficking such molecules have been identified, but their precise roles are often unresolved due to the difficulty in capturing “snapshots” during the export pathway. Wza is the prototype for the large family of OM polysaccharide export proteins. In Escherichia coli, Wza is essential for the assembly of a capsule, a protective surface coat composed of long-chain polysaccharides. Wza creates an octameric α-helical channel spanning the OM, but the bulk of the protein exists as a large periplasmic structure enclosing an extensive lumen. Residues within the lumen of Wza were targeted for site-specific incorporation of the UV photo–cross-linkable unnatural amino acid p-benzoyl-l-phenylalanine. Using this in vivo photo–cross-linking strategy, we were able to trap polysaccharide translocation intermediates within the lumen of Wza, providing the first unequivocal evidence to our knowledge that nascent capsular polysaccharide chains exit the cell through the Wza portal.
Cross-Validation Optimization for Structured Hessian Kernel Methods

We propose a highly efficient framework for kernel multi-class models with a large and structured set of classes, and more general for penalized likelihood kernel methods. As opposed to many previous approaches which try to decompose the fitting problem into many smaller ones, we focus on a Newton optimization of the complete model, making use of model structure and linear conjugate gradients in order to approximate Newton directions. Crucially, our learning method is based entirely on matrixvector multiplication primitives with the kernel matrices and their derivatives, allowing straightforward specialization to new kernels, and directing the focus of code optimization to these primitives. Kernel parameters are learned automatically by maximizing the cross-validation log likelihood, and predictive probabilities are estimated. We demonstrate our approach on large scale text classification tasks with hierarchical structure on throusands of classes, achieving state-of-the-art results in an order of magnitude less time than previous work. We also discuss an extension to label sequence learning with kernel conditional random fields.
Quality of experience in multicast hybrid networks: avoiding bandwidth wasting with a double-stage FEC scheme

Quality of experience is becoming an important parameter for estimating the end user perceived video quality. Video coding algorithms are currently increasing the compression performances by exploiting the temporal and spatial correlations of multimedia information. Such a trend is self-defeating in hybrid networks, due to the frequent channel impairments experienced. Here, the authors present a double-stage forward error correction (FEC) scheme to reduce the channel impairments that a multimedia communication undergoes when broadcasting a video stream through an hybrid infrastructure constituted by satellite and terrestrial wireless links. The authors present a detailed statistical description of the terrestrial wireless channel and exploit it to design the parameters for tuning the algorithm. Simulations results show that this approach not only performs better than the error recovery techniques currently used in the literature, but it also experiences a significant reduction in the bandwidth overhead.
Refugee migration and risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: cohort study of 1.3 million people in Sweden

Objective To determine whether refugees are at elevated risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychotic disorders, relative to non-refugee migrants from similar regions of origin and the Swedish-born population. Design Cohort study of people living in Sweden, born after 1 January 1984 and followed from their 14th birthday or arrival in Sweden, if later, until diagnosis of a non-affective psychotic disorder, emigration, death, or 31 December 2011. Setting Linked Swedish national register data. Participants 1 347 790 people, including people born in Sweden to two Swedish-born parents (1 191 004; 88.4%), refugees (24 123; 1.8%), and non-refugee migrants (132 663; 9.8%) from four major refugee generating regions: the Middle East and north Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe and Russia. Main outcome measures Cox regression analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for non-affective psychotic disorders by refugee status and region of origin, controlling for age at risk, sex, disposable income, and population density. Results 3704 cases of non-affective psychotic disorder were identified during 8.9 million person years of follow-up. The crude incidence rate was 38.5 (95% confidence interval 37.2 to 39.9) per 100 000 person years in the Swedish-born population, 80.4 (72.7 to 88.9) per 100 000 person years in non-refugee migrants, and 126.4 (103.1 to 154.8) per 100 000 person years in refugees. Refugees were at increased risk of psychosis compared with both the Swedish-born population (adjusted hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 3.6) and non-refugee migrants (1.7, 1.3 to 2.1) after adjustment for confounders. The increased rate in refugees compared with non-refugee migrants was more pronounced in men (likelihood ratio test for interaction χ2 (df=2) z=13.5; P=0.001) and was present for refugees from all regions except sub-Saharan Africa. Both refugees and non-refugee migrants from sub-Saharan Africa had similarly high rates relative to the Swedish-born population. Conclusions Refugees face an increased risk of schizophrenia and other non-affective psychotic disorders compared with non-refugee migrants from similar regions of origin and the native-born Swedish population. Clinicians and health service planners in refugee receiving countries should be aware of a raised risk of psychosis in addition to other mental and physical health inequalities experienced by refugees.
Voltage sensor charge loss accounts for most cases of hypokalemic periodic paralysis

Background: Several missense mutations of CACNA1S and SCN4A genes occur in hypokalemic periodic paralysis. These mutations affect arginine residues in the S4 voltage sensors of the channel. Approximately 20% of cases remain genetically undefined. Methods: We undertook direct automated DNA sequencing of the S4 regions of CACNA1S and SCN4A in 83 cases of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Results: We identified reported CACNA1S mutations in 64 cases. In the remaining 19 cases, mutations in SCN4A or other CACNA1S S4 segments were found in 10, including three novel changes and the first mutations in channel domains I (SCN4A) and III (CACNA1S). Conclusions: All mutations affected arginine residues, consistent with the gating pore cation leak hypothesis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Arginine mutations in S4 segments underlie 90% of hypokalemic periodic paralysis cases.
Explanations in Gesture, Diagram, and Word

People are constantly explaining things to one another. Parents explain to children how to build a tower of blocks or why they need to go to bed. Friends explain to each other how to find their homes or why they were late. Teachers explain to students how nerve conduction happens or why the World War I began. In person, explanations, in common with most face-to-face communication, are typically multimodal. Not simply talk, explanations include gestures, props, and often diagrams (e.g. Engle, 1998). Each mode has relative advantages and disadvantages, and they work in concert, complementing and supplementing one another (e.g. Frequently, explanations are restricted to a single mode. Giving directions over the phone limits them to words. Providing instructions to operate a camera or assemble a piece of furniture to international consumers limits them to diagrams. Although gesture is often used alone for brief interchanges, like signalling to a partner a desire to leave a party, it is less likely to be solely used in complex explanations. Those who have got lost in a country whose language they don't know learn the power of gesture alone. Limiting communicators to a single mode requires completeness of that mode. This reveals the structure of explanations and the parallel ways each mode expresses that structure. Not all explanatory tasks readily lend themselves to words, diagrams, and gestures. Fortunately, two of the most common kinds of explanatory tasks do: navigation and construction. One of each was selected in order to investigate the structure and semantics of explanations. The navigation task was to communicate how to get from one place to another. The construction task was to communicate how to put together a piece of furniture, a TV cart. The data analysed here were gathered from several experiments differing somewhat in methods. In all cases, participants first learned or already knew the specifics of the task and then provided instructions so that another person could perform the task. In some experiments, participants were asked to provide verbal instructions,
Influence of Incomplete Linkage between Marked and Functional Gene on Estimating Gene Effect by Molecular Marker Regression Model

In the past decades, regression approach was a main gene mapping method. For avoiding the QTL mapping to estimate the gene effects, the molecular marker regression was used to research the quantitative trait controlled by polygene under the condition of complete linkage between gene locus and marker. For the utilization of this method, the recombination influence on precision and accuracy estimating gene effect were researched. The results showed the recombination rate between a marker and its locus could affect the precision and accuracy estimating gene effect and allele’s interaction effects. The precision and accuracy were reduced along with the increasing of the recombination rate between a marker and its locus, the larger the recombination rate was, the smaller the precision and accuracy were. The precision and accuracy estimating for one gene effect and allele’s interaction effects could only be affected by its own recombination rate between its own marker and its locus, not by other genes recombination rate. These suggested that it was need to find a marker which was tightly or closely linked with genes for estimating the gene effect and allele’s interaction effects precisely, especially for a gene locus with a large allele’s interaction coefficient and relative gene effects.
The Research on Energy-saving Technology of the Set Covering Base Stationin Cellular Networks

The flow distribution of cellular networks fluctuates according to the changes of time and space, and this phe- nomenon makes the low utilization rate of some base stations. Although the base stations' utilization rate is low, it causes the large energy consumption. The CSO can save the energy of base stations according to the load, but it is influenced by the load and the sequence of base stations. Aiming at energy-saving, this paper proposes a centralized-greedy-add algo- rithm based on taking the closure of base stations as the limited capacity set covering model. The simulation under Urban- Micro (UMi) shows that the energy-saving effect obtains a great improvement compared to the sequence method based on loads.
The Application of Minority Influence Theory in Computer-Mediated Communication Groups

Using computer-mediated communication (CMC) groups as a context, this theoretical study aims at providing further specifications for the application of minority influence theory in small group research. Based on a focused literature review, this article proposes a framework that contextualizes strategic language use as an essential component of minority influence in CMC groups. Highlighting the role that unique features of CMC (e.g., interactive text-based communication, anonymity, salience of status markers) play in shaping and modifying minority influence in CMC groups, the proposed framework outlines testable propositions for future empirical studies.
The Yeast Copper Response Is Regulated by DNA Damage

ABSTRACT Copper is an essential but potentially toxic redox-active metal, so the levels and distribution of this metal are carefully regulated to ensure that it binds to the correct proteins. Previous studies of copper-dependent transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have focused on the response of genes to changes in the exogenous levels of copper. We now report that yeast copper genes are regulated in response to the DNA-damaging agents methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and hydroxyurea by a mechanism(s) that requires the copper-responsive transcription factors Mac1 and AceI, copper superoxide dismutase (Sod1) activity, and the Rad53 checkpoint kinase. Furthermore, in copper-starved yeast, the response of the Rad53 pathway to MMS is compromised due to a loss of Sod1 activity, consistent with the model that yeast imports copper to ensure Sod1 activity and Rad53 signaling. Crucially, the Mac1 transcription factor undergoes changes in its redox state in response to changing levels of copper or MMS. This study has therefore identified a novel regulatory relationship between cellular redox, copper homeostasis, and the DNA damage response in yeast.
Impact of the selected FCG design parameters on the current gain

The article presents numerical, circuital model of the magnetic flux compression generator. The model was used to study the influence of the selected generator parameters on the current gain ratio. The authors discussed the most important characteristics of the model used as the primary stage of the FCG design. The simulations were carried out using a specially designed model developed in Matlab Simulink.