Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The application of implant technology for cybernetic systems.

OBJECTIVE To assess the usefulness, compatibility, and long-term operability of a microelectrode array into the median nerve of the left arm of a healthy volunteer, including perception of feedback stimulation and operation of an instrumented prosthetic hand. SETTING The study was carried out from March 14 through June 18, 2002, in England and the United States. RESULTS The blindfolded subject received feedback information, obtained from force and slip sensors on the prosthetic hand, and subsequently used the implanted device to control the hand by applying an appropriate force to grip an unseen object. Operability was also demonstrated remotely via the Internet, with the subject in New York, NY, and the prosthetic hand in Reading, England. Finally, the subject was able to control an electric wheelchair, via decoded signals from the implant device, to select the direction of travel by opening and closing his hand. The implantation did not result in infection or any perceivable loss of hand sensation or motion control. The implant was finally extracted because of mechanical fatigue of the percutaneous connection. Further testing after extraction has not indicated any measurable long-term defects in the subject. CONCLUSIONS This implant may allow recipients to have abilities they would otherwise not possess. The response to stimulation improved considerably during the trial, suggesting that the subject learned to process the incoming information more effectively.
Identifying novel transcripts and novel genes in the human genome by using novel SAGE tags

The number of genes in the human genome is still a controversial issue. Whereas most of the genes in the human genome are said to have been physically or computationally identified, many short cDNA sequences identified as tags by use of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) do not match these genes. By performing experimental verification of more than 1,000 SAGE tags and analyzing 4,285,923 SAGE tags of human origin in the current SAGE database, we examined the nature of the unmatched SAGE tags. Our study shows that most of the unmatched SAGE tags are truly novel SAGE tags that originated from novel transcripts not yet identified in the human genome, including alternatively spliced transcripts from known genes and potential novel genes. Our study indicates that by using novel SAGE tags as probes, we should be able to identify efficiently many novel transcripts/novel genes in the human genome that are difficult to identify by conventional methods.
Social Bonding and the Cessation of Partner Violence Across Generations

This study examines the connection between violent family heritage and violence or nonviolence in adult intimate relationships using the social bonding theory approach. Data were obtained from Williams and Straus National Panel Survey of Deterrence Processes (NPS) a follow-up to the National Family Violence Resurvey. The NPS interviewed married and cohabiting respondents over the age of 18 years by telephone in 1986 and 1987. Measure of exposure to violence in the respondents family of origin were taken from the 1985 Resurvey while measures of the four dimensions of the social bonds (attachment commitment involvement and belief) and partner violence were taken from the 1987 NPS data. The findings show that despite their violent family histories men who developed strong attachments to and perceive negative sanction threats from significant others are more likely to be nonviolent with their female partners. Implications and recommendations for theoretical development are delineated.
The receiver's dilemma: impressions formed in response to impression management

In forming impressions of an impression manager, receivers respond both to the projected image and to the attempt to impress. When the impression created is favorable, but the manipulativeness of the impression manager breeds rejection, receivers might find themselves in a dilemma. In order to examine how receivers respond, 195 subjects completed questionnaires. They were asked to recall and reproduce a situation in which a person presented him or herself to them in either a tactical or an ordinary way. Subjects rated the target person along semantic differential scales and reported their impressions in open form. It was found that, in most cases, subjects viewed the manager of a tactical selfpresentation as ego-defensive (thus covering up for weaknesses), rather than as ego-enhancive (impressive even though manipulative). This finding is discussed in terms of the receivers' dilemma.
Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter for Traction Drives Using Only One DC Supply

The main advantage of asymmetrical multilevel inverters is the optimization of levels with a minimum number of power supplies. However, this optimized multilevel system still needs a large number of isolated and floating dc supplies, which makes these converters complicated to implement in electric vehicles (EVs), because the system will require many independent battery packs. In this paper, a very simple scheme, based on a small and cheap high-frequency link (HFL), allows the utilization of only one power supply for the complete multilevel inverter drive, with an inherent regulation of the voltages supplied among the H-bridges. It also allows voltage control with the full number of levels if the dc source is of a variable voltage characteristic. This paper is focused on a 27-level asymmetric inverter, but the strategy, using only one power supply, can be applied to converters with any number of levels. In particular, an asymmetrical 27-level converter needs nine isolated power supplies, and the proposed system reduces these nine sources to only one: the battery car. The topology also permits full regenerative braking working as a three-level converter. The proposed system is intended for application in EVs from power ratings up to 150 kW. Simulations and experimental results show the feasibility to implement this “one-source” multilevel system.
The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-forming Galaxies

We present far-infrared (FIR) photometry at 150 and 205 μm of eight low-redshift starburst galaxies obtained with the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) ISOPHOT. Five of the eight galaxies are detected in both wave bands, and these data are used, in conjunction with IRAS archival photometry, to model the dust emission at λ ≳ 40 μm. The FIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are best fitted by a combination of two modified Planck functions, with T ~ 40-55 K (warm dust) and T ~ 20-23 K (cool dust) and with a dust emissivity index ϵ = 2. The cool dust can be a major contributor to the FIR emission of starburst galaxies, representing up to 60% of the total flux. This component is heated not only by the general interstellar radiation field, but also by the starburst itself. The cool dust mass is up to ~150 times larger than the warm dust mass, bringing the gas-to-dust ratios of the starbursts in our sample close to Milky Way values, once rescaled for the appropriate metallicity. The ratio between the total dust FIR emission in the range 1-1000 μm and the IRAS FIR emission in the range 40-120 μm is ~1.75, with small variations from galaxy to galaxy. This ratio is about 40% larger than previously inferred from data at millimeter wavelengths. Although the galaxies in our sample are generally classified as "UV bright," for four of them the UV energy emerging shortward of 0.2 μm is less than 15% of the FIR energy. On average, about 30% of the bolometric flux is coming out in the UV-to-near-IR wavelength range; the rest is emitted in the FIR. Energy balance calculations show that the FIR emission predicted by the dust reddening of the UV-to-near-IR stellar emission is within a factor of ~2 of the observed value in individual galaxies and within 20% when averaged over a large sample. If our sample of local starbursts is representative of high-redshift (z ≳ 1), UV-bright, star-forming galaxies, these galaxies' FIR emission will be generally undetected in submillimeter surveys, unless (1) their bolometric luminosity is comparable to or larger than that of ultraluminous FIR galaxies and (2) their FIR SED contains a cool dust component.
The Effect of Timing of Ondansetron Administration on Its Efficacy, Cost-Effectiveness, and Cost-Benefit as a Prophylactic Antiemetic in the Ambulatory Setting

Although ondansetron (4 mg IV) is effective in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after ambulatory surgery, the optimal timing of its administration, the cost-effectiveness, the cost-benefits, and the effect on the patient's quality of life after discharge have not been established. In this placebo-controlled, double-blind study, 164 healthy women undergoing outpatient gynecological laparoscopic procedures with a standardized anesthetic were randomized to receive placebo (Group A), ondansetron 2 mg at the start of and 2 mg after surgery (Group B), ondansetron 4 mg before induction (Group C), or ondansetron 4 mg after surgery (Group D). The effects of these regimens on the incidence, severity, and costs associated with PONV and discharge characteristics were determined, along with the patient's willingness to pay for antiemetics. Compared with ondansetron given before induction of anesthesia, the administration of ondansetron after surgery was associated with lower nausea scores, earlier intake of normal food, decreased incidence of frequent emesis (more than two episodes), and increased times until 25% of patients failed prophylactic antiemetic therapy (i.e., had an emetic episode or received rescue antiemetics for severe nausea) during the first 24 h postoperatively. This prophylactic regimen was also associated with the highest patient satisfaction and lowest cost-effectiveness ratios. Compared with the placebo group, ondansetron administered after surgery significantly reduced the incidence of PONV in the postanesthesia care unit and during the 24-h follow-up period and facilitated the recovery process by reducing the time to oral intake, ambulation, discharge readiness, resuming regular fluid intake and a normal diet. When ondansetron was given as a "split dose," its prophylactic antiemetic efficacy was not significantly different from that of the placebo group. In conclusion, the prophylactic administration of ondansetron after surgery, rather than before induction, may be associated with increased patient benefits. Implications: Ondansetron 4 mg IV administered immediately before the end of surgery was the most efficacious in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting, facilitating both early and late recovery, and improving patient satisfaction after outpatient laparoscopy. (Anesth Analg 1998;86:274-82)
New Findings on Arabs and Democracy

Examined with data from the first and second wave of Arab Barometer surveys are support for democracy, understandings of democracy, desires for reform, values associated with a democratic political culture, views about the political role of Islam, and the relationship between support for political Islam and the embrace of democratic values. Broad continuing trends include strong support for democracy, understandings of democracy that emphasize economic considerations, and a division of opinion about Islam’s political role. Findings from surveys in Egypt and Tunisia in 2011 are discussed in greater detail in relation to post–Arab Spring developments in the two countries.
Density-Preserving Sampling: Robust and Efficient Alternative to Cross-Validation for Error Estimation

Estimation of the generalization ability of a classification or regression model is an important issue, as it indicates the expected performance on previously unseen data and is also used for model selection. Currently used generalization error estimation procedures, such as cross-validation (CV) or bootstrap, are stochastic and, thus, require multiple repetitions in order to produce reliable results, which can be computationally expensive, if not prohibitive. The correntropy-inspired density-preserving sampling (DPS) procedure proposed in this paper eliminates the need for repeating the error estimation procedure by dividing the available data into subsets that are guaranteed to be representative of the input dataset. This allows the production of low-variance error estimates with an accuracy comparable to 10 times repeated CV at a fraction of the computations required by CV. This method can also be used for model ranking and selection. This paper derives the DPS procedure and investigates its usability and performance using a set of public benchmark datasets and standard classifiers.
The Future Is Bright

For this discussion, we have been asked to use the original articles as a “springboard for further discussion,” and indeed, the articles include a wealth of information and ideas stimulating even for readers already familiar with the domain. The areas covered include aspects related to the field’s technical possibilities and problems in general and the use of online therapy for counseling psychology in particular. The latter represents a justification for the articles in this volume, given that articles in several major journals have recently been dedicated to the issue of technical applications in the clinical field. As the articles we discuss here complement each other well and partly overlap from a content as well as an author perspective, and to avoid wasting space by always specifying what article we are referring to, we often refer to “the authors” as all authors of the three articles. Together, they give an excellent introduction, research overview, and practical introduction, as underlined by the very illustrative case example. A special feature of these articles is that they use counseling psychology concepts to evaluate online therapy. An advantage to this is clearly the particular aid given to counseling psychologists who, ultimately, need not only general knowledge and attitudes toward online counseling and therapy but also reflection based on a counseling psychology background and rules on how to deal with the new possibilities integrated into their existing body of professional knowledge and skills. Once the computer is introduced as a communication tool, we should not miss the chance to consider how its power can be used beyond traditional counseling psychology. As far as research is concerned, the electronic representation of all information opens new possibilities for computer-supported evaluations related to diverse topics of interest, not only to online counseling– related issues. As far as practice is concerned, computers could be used to analyze the typed-in material online to give hints to psychologists. These could include advice such as what topics to cover or avoid, which information related to the demographic or psychopathological background of the cli-
Isolation of FRET‐positive cells using single 408‐nm laser flow cytometry

Flow cytometry may be used to isolate large amounts of living, fluorescently labeled cells. Certain fluorescent labels, like enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), allow the assessment of direct protein–protein interaction in situ, by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, current flow cytometric methods either require elaborate technical adaptations or, using a single laser protocol, are hampered by background signal. We optimized a single 408‐nm laser protocol to detect FRET between ECFP/EYFP‐tagged proteins.
Treatment Preferences of Injured College Student Musicians

College student musicians face particular challenges in their occupation. However, few studies have been conducted with this population that identify students' needs and desires regarding potential treatment of physical playing-related injuries. This article addresses the results of an open-ended question posed in a survey of college music students at a large midwestern university. Students were asked, “What would you want from a health professional who might treat you for musicians' injuries? ” This study found that college student musicians want to be active participants in the treatment process, and have concerns about upper extremity and back problems. Students feel that an understanding of their occupation is important for effective treatment, and identify themselves as a group with specialized treatment needs. Occupational therapists are prepared to address these concerns at entry-level; however, this and other health-care professions could also serve this population through specialization in treating musicians' injuries.
Integration and application of TAU in parallel Java environments

Parallel Java environments present challenging problems for performance tools because of Java's rich language system and its multi‐level execution platform combined with the integration of native‐code application libraries and parallel run‐time software. In addition to the desire to provide robust performance measurement and analysis capabilities for the Java language itself, the coupling of different software execution contexts under a uniform performance model needs careful consideration of how events of interest are observed and how cross‐context parallel execution information is linked. This paper relates our experience in extending the TAU (Tuning and Analysis Utilities) performance system to a parallel Java environment based on mpiJava. We describe the complexities of the instrumentation model used, how performance measurements are made, and the overhead incurred. A parallel Java application simulating the game of Life is used to show the performance system's capabilities. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Nature of Applied Music Teaching Expertise: Common Elements Observed in the Lessons of Three Applied Teachers

The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of applied music instruction in partial replication of an earlier study by Duke and Simmons (2006). Our study was designed to explore whether teaching characteristics were evident in a different population of teachers and students and we examined 14 hours of video recordings of lessons given to students by three experienced applied teachers at a state university (n = 13). Comparing the previously reported narrative descriptions of Duke and Simmons, our findings showed some behaviors from the Duke and Simmons study were evident, with similar rates of frequency. Additionally identified were seven new elements, all of which were evident across three teachers. Teachers in our study behaved differently to teachers in the earlier study (Duke & Simmons, 2006) in terms of the specificity and type of intervention within lessons. Our teachers were concrete in their comments, and the types of scaffolding strategies they employed were side coaching and short demonstrations. Implications for future research and teaching effectiveness are discussed.
Eigenvalues and Transduction of Morphic Sequences: Extended Version

We study finite state transduction of automatic and morphic sequences. Dekking proved that morphic sequences are closed under transduction and in particular morphic images. We present a simple proof of this fact, and use the construction in the proof to show that non-erasing transductions preserve a condition called alpha-substitutivity. Roughly, a sequence is alpha-substitutive if the sequence can be obtained as the limit of iterating a substitution with dominant eigenvalue alpha. Our results culminate in the following fact: for multiplicatively independent real numbers alpha and beta, if v is an alpha-substitutive sequence and w is a beta-substitutive sequence, then v and w have no common non-erasing transducts except for the ultimately periodic sequences. We rely on Cobham's theorem for substitutions, a recent result of Durand.
Toward a Statistical Theory of Reasoning

It is argued that the observed variability of responding in reasoning tasks might usefully be described by mathematical models based on stochastic processes. The data of a number of experiments employing Wason's selection task are reanalysed and it is shown that selection probabilities of individual cards are statistically independent. This is consistent with a class of simple stochastic models and renders conventional “insight” explanations of the data unparsi-monious. A provisional stochastic model is formulated and subjected to a limited parametric test with reasonably satisfactory results. Some general directions for future research along these lines are suggested.
CRF-based Diacritisation of Colloquial Arabic for Automatic Speech Recognition

Most of the available resources of colloquial Arabic speech are transcribed without diacritics. Those diacritics provide short vowels and other pronunciation information and by omitting them a considerable amount of ambiguity is introduced. In this paper, we propose the use of an automatic diacritisation method as front-end for training of automatic speech recognition systems of colloquial Arabic. The system used is based on conditional random fields that are trained on speaker and contextual information. This method outperforms other reported methods in diacritisation colloquial Arabic by 13.2% relative. The empirical experiments show that applying this method on acoustic model training transcriptions improves the recognition performance in Levantine colloquial Arabic by 1.8% relative.
Quantitative Role of the Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Gene during the Productive Stage of the Viral Life Cycle

ABSTRACT Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small circular DNA viruses that cause warts. Infection with high-risk anogenital HPVs, such as HPV type 16 (HPV16), is associated with human cancers, specifically cervical cancer. The life cycle of HPVs is intimately tied to the differentiation status of the host epithelium and has two distinct stages: the nonproductive stage and the productive stage. In the nonproductive stage, which arises in the poorly differentiated basal epithelial compartment of a wart, the virus maintains itself as a low-copy-number nuclear plasmid. In the productive stage, which arises as the host cell undergoes terminal differentiation, viral DNA is amplified; the capsid genes, L1 and L2, are expressed; and progeny virions are produced. This stage of the viral life cycle relies on the ability of the virus to reprogram the differentiated cells to support DNA synthesis. Papillomaviruses encode multiple oncoproteins, E5, E6, and E7. In the present study, we analyze the role of one of these viral oncogenes, E5, in the viral life cycle. To assess the role of E5 in the HPV16 life cycle, we introduced wild-type (WT) or E5 mutant HPV16 genomes into NIKS, a keratinocyte cell line that supports the papillomavirus life cycle. By culturing these cells under conditions that allow them to remain undifferentiated, a state similar to that of basal epithelial cells, we determined that E5 does not play an essential role in the nonproductive stage of the HPV16 life cycle. To determine if E5 plays a role in the productive stage of the viral life cycle, we cultured keratinocyte populations in organotypic raft cultures, which promote the differentiation and stratification of epithelial cells. We found that cells harboring E5 mutant genomes displayed a quantitative reduction in the percentage of suprabasal cells undergoing DNA synthesis, compared to cells containing WT HPV16 DNA. This reduction in DNA synthesis, however, did not prevent amplification of viral DNA in the differentiated cellular compartment. Likewise, late viral gene expression and the perturbation of normal keratinocyte differentiation were retained in cells harboring E5 mutant genomes. These data demonstrate that E5 plays a subtle role during the productive stage of the HPV16 life cycle.