Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Delayed tear clearance in contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis

Purpose. To study the tear film clearance in contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis patients. Methods. Fifty-eight daily-wear soft contact lens wearers completed a questionnaire regarding a survey of their contact lens usage and subjective symptoms. They were grouped according to the size of conjunctival papillae, namely PC1 with no papillae, PC2 with papillae of less than 0.3 mm, and PC3 with papillae of 0.3–1.0 mm in diameter. Tear film breakup time and fluorescein clearance tests were performed. Results. There was a median of 1, 2, and 3 subjective symptoms in PC1, PC2, and PC3 groups respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with larger papillae on their upper tarsus had more subjective symptoms such as burning sensation, discharge, limbal injection, foreign body sensation and dryness sensation (p = 0.018, 0.001, 0.004, 0.005, and 0.036 respectively). They also had shorter tear film breakup time (p = 0.05), delayed tear clearance (p = 0.002) and more corneal neovascularization (p < 0.001). Patients having delayed tear clearance test tended to have more subjective symptoms (p = 0.004) and larger papillae on upper tarsus (p = 0.002). However, neither the way the patients cleaned their contact lenses nor their enzyme cleaning frequency associated with the tear fluorescein clearance (p = 0.528 and 0.394, respectively). Meibomian gland dysfunction and corneal neovascularization did not correlate with the delayed tear clearance either (p = 0.111 and 0.717, respectively). Conclusions. Tear clearance in contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis patients was delayed. We proposed that delayed tear clearance might increase the protein and inflammatory mediator concentrations in the tear film and contribute to the pathogenesis or aggravate the severity of contact lens associated papillary conjunctivitis.
Learning and Sequential Decision Making

IN THIS REPORT WE SHOW HOW THE CLASS OF ADAPTIVE PREDICTION METHODS THAT SUTTON CALLED "TEMPORAL DIFFERENCE", OR TD, METHODS ARE RELATED TO THE THE- ORY OF SEQUENTIAL DECISION MAKING. TD METHODS HAVE BEEN USED AS "ADAPTIVE CRITICS" IN CONNECTIONIST LEARNING SYSTEMS,AND HAVE BEEN PROPOSED AS MODELS OF ANIMAL LEARNING IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING EXPERIMENTS. HERE WE RELATE TD METHODS TO DECISION TASKS FORMULATED IN TERMS OF A STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEM WHOSE BEHAVIOR UNFOLDS OVER TIME UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A DECISION MAKER''S ACTIONS. STRATEGIES ARE SOUGHT FOR SELECTING ACTIONS SO AS TO MAXI- MIZE A MEASURE OF LONG-TERM PAYOFF GAIN. MATHEMATICALLY, TASKS SUCH AS THIS CAN BE FORMULATED AS MARKOVIAN DECISION PROBLEMS, AND NUMEROUS METHODS HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR LEARNING HOW TO SOLVE SUCH PROBLEMS. WE SHOW HOW A TD METHOD CAN BE UNDERSTOOD AS A NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF CONCEPTS FROM THE THEORY OF STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING, WHICH COMPRISES THE STANDARD METHOD FOR SOLVING SUCH TASKS WHEN A MODEL OF THE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM IS AVAILABLE, AND THE THEORY OF PARAMETER ESTIMATION, WHICH PROVIDES THE APPROPRIATE CONTEXT FOR STUDYING LEARNING RULES IN THE FORM OF EQUATIONS FOR UPDATING ASSOCIA- TIVE STRENGTHS IN BEHAVIORAL MODELS, OR CONNECTION WEIGHTS IN CONNECTIONIST NETWORKS. BECAUSE THIS REPORT IS ORIENTED PRIMARILY TOWARD THE NON-ENGINEER INTERESTED IN ANIMAL LEARNING, IT PRESENTS TUTORIALS ON STOCHASTIC SEQUEN- TIAL DECISION TASKS, STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING, AND PARAMETER ESTIMATI
Determinants of Capital Structure across Industries at Jakarta Stock Exchange

There are several objectives to be accomplished in this study. The main purpose of this research is to determine the nature of capital structure across non-finance industries in Indonesia, whether they prefer to use debt or equity as their source of financing. Subsequently, factors that influenced the capital structure of a company are then identified. In this study, the company’s profitability, size, and dividend payout are considered as those factors that have relationship with leverage. Finally, this research also conducted to examine whether a company’s capital structure decision affects its growth of shares price. In doing so, multiple regression analysis is used in order to determine whether there is relationship between variables tested. The sample of analysis includes 230 companies listed in Jakarta Stock Exchange from all industries, except finance, in 2006. The findings of this research confirm that, first of all, capital structure varies across industries. Each industry would have different decisions regarding its optimal capital structure, depends on several factors. This leads to the second findings, in which it proves that there is negative significant relationship between profitability and leverage, positive significant relationship between company’s size and leverage, and negative relationship between dividend payout and leverage. Finally, this research also verifies that there is no relationship between leverage and company’s growth of shares price, which means that the growth of shares price is not influenced by the company’s capital structure decision. Capital structure decision plays an important role in maximizing the firm’s value. By having the most optimal capital structure, firms might be able to push its cost to the minimum point, which then assist them in dealing with the competitive environment. Consequently, it is important to determine the factors that influence the capital structure of companies.
Welfare Costs, Long Run Consumption Risk, and a Production Economy

The main goal of this paper is to measure the welfare costs of business cycles in a production economy in which the representative agent has low risk aversion and - at the same time - the equity premium and the co-movements of aggregate quantities and market returns are comparable to what observed in historical data. In order to do so, I consider a production economy in which the representative agent has Epstein-Zin-Weil(1989) preferences, productivity has a Long Run Risk component and there are capital adjustment costs. In this way, I try to bridge the gap between the current Long Run Risk asset pricing literature, in which quantities are taken as exogenous, and the standard macroeconomic business cycle models. Preliminary results from a benchmark exchange economy suggest that when there is a Long Run Consumption Risk and the representative agent prefers early resolution of uncertainty, the implied total welfare costs of the consumption uncertainty range from 12\% to 20\%. (JEL classification: E20, E32, G12, D81)
In vitro Fertilization Outcome following Embryo Transfer with or without Preinstillation of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin into the Uterine Cavity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at embryo transfer (ET) has been shown to improve the outcome of assisted reproductive techniques. The aim of this study was to confirm previous findings. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 483 infertile women who were candidates for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) for the first time were randomly assigned to receive an intrauterine injection of 500 IU hCG or placebo (tissue culture media) before ET. The main outcome measures were implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. Results: Both the hCG-treated group (n = 240) and control group (n = 243) were similar at baseline in terms of demographic and obstetrical characteristics. There were significant differences between the two groups regarding the implantation rate (23.6 vs. 12.2%, p < 0.001), pregnancy rate (54.6 vs. 35.8%, p < 0.001), clinical pregnancy rate (50 vs. 32.1%, p < 0.001), ongoing pregnancy rate (15.3 vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001) and live delivery rate (14.3 vs. 8.4%, p < 0.001). The rate of fertilization and abortion rates were not statistically different. Conclusion: Intrauterine injection of hCG before ET improves implantation and pregnancy rates and may be considered an adjuvant in IVF/ICSI.
Program SPACECAP: software for estimating animal density using spatially explicit capture–recapture models

The advent of spatially explicit capture–recapture models is changing the way ecologists analyse capture–recapture data. However, the advantages offered by these new models are not fully exploited because they can be difficult to implement. To address this need, we developed a user‐friendly software package, created within the R programming environment, called SPACECAP. This package implements Bayesian spatially explicit hierarchical models to analyse spatial capture–recapture data. Given that a large number of field biologists prefer software with graphical user interfaces for analysing their data, SPACECAP is particularly useful as a tool to increase the adoption of Bayesian spatially explicit capture–recapture methods in practice.
Feasibility of telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy targeting major depression among urban dwelling African-American people with co-occurring HIV

Given the burden of depression among those with HIV, and the impact of HIV on urban minority communities there is an urgent need to assess innovative treatment interventions that not only treat depression but do so in a way that allows for increased access to mental health care. This single site, uncontrolled, pilot study sought to determine the feasibility and depression outcomes of an 11-session telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention delivered over 14 weeks targeting low-income, urban-dwelling, HIV-infected African-American people with major depression. The diagnosis of major depression was made using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The primary outcome was the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the secondary outcome was the Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology-Self Report (QIDS-SR). Feasibility and satisfaction were also assessed. Assessments occurred at baseline, midpoint and at study conclusion (14 weeks). Fifteen people were screened for the study. Six HIV-infected, low-income, African-American people individuals (five females and one male) were eligible and participated in the study. All patients finished the study. On average, participants completed nine sessions. The sessions lasted for an average of 48 min (SD = 11.5). Compared to mean HAM-D score at baseline (HAM-D = 22.8 (SD = 3.1), the mean HAM-D score was significantly reduced at study conclusion (HAM-D = 9.8 (SD = 7.4); (t (5) = 4.6, p = 0.006); (Cohen d = 1.9)). Compared to the mean QIDS-SR score at baseline (QIDS-SR = 15.5 (SD = 4.2) the mean QIDS score was significantly reduced at study conclusion (QIDS = 7.0 (SD = 5.4);(t (5) = 3.2, p = 0.02); (Cohen d = 1.3)). The mean satisfaction scores across all participants at post-treatment was 5.7 (SD = 0.3) with of a maximum score of 6. Telephone-based CBT can be delivered to low-income, urban-dwelling ethnic minority HIV-infected people resulting in significant reductions in depression symptoms with high satisfaction. The efficacy of this intervention will be assessed in a planned randomized control trial.
Cardiovascular response to exercise training in the systemic right ventricle of adults with transposition of the great arteries

Patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and systemic right ventricles have premature congestive heart failure; there is also a growing concern that athletes who perform extraordinary endurance exercise may injure the right ventricle. Therefore we felt it essential to determine whether exercise training might injure a systemic right ventricle which is loaded with every heartbeat. Previous studies have shown that short term exercise training is feasible in TGA patients, but its effect on ventricular function is unclear. We demonstrate that systemic right ventricular function is preserved (and may be improved) in TGA patients with exercise training programmes that are typical of recreational and sports participation, with no evidence of injury on biomarker assessment. Stroke volume reserve during exercise correlates with exercise training response in our TGA patients, identifying this as a marker of a systemic right ventricle (SRV) that may most tolerate (and possibly even be improved by) exercise training.
HOW GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT AND NON MARKET CAPABILITY AFFECT THE ORGANISATIONS’ PERFORMANCE?A THEORETICAL REVIEW

Non-market capability is important because the company capabilities have been considered not optimal in improving company performance, especially companies operate in an environment with high government control or corporations whose produce public products or services. This article was developed with reference to the contingency theory to assess the suitability of government involvement, resources, strategy and performance. Key words: The involement of the government, resources, non market capability and performance
Consumer Financial Capability: A Comparison of the UK and Ireland

Financial capability refers to the study of a person’s knowledge of financial products, their understanding of their own financial position and their ability to choose products appropriate to that position along with their ability to plan ahead financially and to seek and act on appropriate advice when necessary. Financial capability and financial literacy are becoming increasingly important in a world of changing financial markets and products, increased life expectancy and changing pension arrangements. The first substantial evidence on financial capability in Ireland using a survey dataset designed for the specific purpose of measuring financial capability in Ireland was recently described in O’Donnell and Keeney (2009). The Irish survey closely followed a recent UK survey and this makes it possible to compare and contrast responses and results across the two countries, which is the topic of this paper.
Virtual MIMO radar using OFDM-CDM waveforms

This paper addresses a new perspective on the exploitation of diversity resembling recent seminal proposals with multiple antennas known as MIMO radar. Our focus pursues similar advantages as spatial MIMO systems but intending to achieve the desired resistance over fading or/and SNR increase without relying on multiple antennas. We design an OFDM-CDM waveform well inspired in modern communications systems that creates a virtual MIMO system operating on the artificial 2D domain formed by a set of well separated carriers (OFDM) and several OFDM symbols each one modulated by orthogonal codes (CDM). We consider the most general scenario with moving targets and large size targets originating an equivalent time variant and frequency selective channel model. Our proposal proceeds in two steps, a first one to reorthogonalize the transmitted set of OFDM signal by proper time and frequency synchronization (this stage provides range and velocity estimators), and a second one based on Neyman Pearson detection improved by the diversity gain.
Day and night pain measurement in rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE An attempt was made to see if rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients can use visual analogue scales (VAS) to distinguish and grade the severity of pain at night, during rest, and on joint movement and to determine if discriminate measurement of these three pain components enhances the value of VAS estimation. METHODS Two hundred and fifty two consecutive RA patients were evaluated by a single observer using 10 cm VAS for pain at night, at rest during the day, and on movement. Values were correlated against age, disease duration, joint tenderness, swollen joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and Larsenx ray scores. RESULTS Night pain was recorded by 71 (28%) and this component of pain was lower than VAS scores for daytime rest and movement. However, those with nocturnal pain had significantly more joint tenderness (p<0.0001), swollen joints (p<0.0001), and higher ESR and CRP. Age, disease duration, and radiographic scores were similar in those with and without night pain. Correlations of joint tenderness were apparent for all three pain scores but only nocturnal pain correlated with swollen joints (p<0.001) and CRP (p<0.005). Age, disease duration, and radiographic severity correlated with daytime rest or movement scores but not nocturnal pain. CONCLUSION Patients were able to distinguish and estimate the severity of pain at rest, on movement, and at night. The occurrence of night pain characterised those with more active disease and night pain VAS measurement correlated best with measures of joint inflammation whereas daytime pain scores, both at rest and on movement, seemed influenced by the degree of permanent joint damage. Thus, discrete measurement of rest, movement, and nocturnal pain may provide useful information about RA disease status.
The free energy landscape for β hairpin folding in explicit water

The folding free energy landscape of the C-terminal β hairpin of protein G has been explored in this study with explicit solvent under periodic boundary condition and oplsaa force field. A highly parallel replica exchange method that combines molecular dynamics trajectories with a temperature exchange Monte Carlo process is used for sampling with the help of a new efficient algorithm P3ME/RESPA. The simulation results show that the hydrophobic core and the β strand hydrogen bond form at roughly the same time. The free energy landscape with respect to various reaction coordinates is found to be rugged at low temperatures and becomes a smooth funnel-like landscape at about 360 K. In contrast to some very recent studies, no significant helical content has been found in our simulation at all temperatures studied. The β hairpin population and hydrogen-bond probability are in reasonable agreement with the experiment at biological temperature, but both decay more slowly than the experiment with temperature.
The Emerging Importance of IgG Fab Glycosylation in Immunity

Human IgG is the most abundant glycoprotein in serum and is crucial for protective immunity. In addition to conserved IgG Fc glycans, ∼15–25% of serum IgG contains glycans within the variable domains. These so-called “Fab glycans” are primarily highly processed complex-type biantennary N-glycans linked to N-glycosylation sites that emerge during somatic hypermutation. Specific patterns of Fab glycosylation are concurrent with physiological and pathological conditions, such as pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis. With respect to function, Fab glycosylation can significantly affect stability, half-life, and binding characteristics of Abs and BCRs. Moreover, Fab glycans are associated with the anti-inflammatory activity of IVIgs. Consequently, IgG Fab glycosylation appears to be an important, yet poorly understood, process that modulates immunity.
Applying Usability Patterns in e-Commerce Applications

The exigencies and the particular characteristics of website development are a great challenge for designers and developers. There are many differences between typical software application development and website development. In website development, the presentation component; visual and graphical, plays an important role, which is not that important for not web applications. This component can be documented by using patterns, and particularly usability patterns. Traditionally, guidelines have been used to deal with it. These patterns should be written so that they can be used by users, designers and developers. Thus, users will be able to make proposals, user interface designers will be able to imagine and developers will be able to build the application.
Feature extraction approaches to RF fingerprinting for device identification in femtocells

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting is a technique which attempts to extract a unique identifier from wireless signal transmissions in order to perform automated device identification by exploiting variations in the transmitted signal caused by hardware and manufacturing inconsistencies. The problem of signaling storms caused by increased core network signaling load due to idle mode cell camping on femtocells is addressed and a novel approach to RF fingerprinting is proposed as a solution to tackle this problem by identifying device model types. This study describes a large data set containing 54 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) user equipment (UE) devices (41 model types), the largest of its kind reported in the literature. This study also presents a novel feature extraction technique, which greatly improves identification accuracy over standard spectral approaches while limiting the number of random access channel (RACH) preambles required for identification. Accuracy of 99.8 percent was achieved. Importantly, the proposed technique can be implemented using today's low cost high-volume receivers and requires no manual performance tuning.
Gene–environment interactions between CRHR1 variants and physical assault in suicide attempts

Risk factors for suicidal behaviors are partly heritable, including genetic variants that drive diathesis–stress in addition to, or by interaction with, exposure to certain stressful life events (SLEs). Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis regulatory genes are candidates for association with suicide as well as its endophenotypes. Using a family‐based design of offspring who attempted suicide (SA) and both parents, we investigated gene–environment interactions (G×Es) of SLE exposures with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in corticotropin‐releasing hormone receptor‐1 (CRHR1), a major HPA axis regulatory gene. We observed a novel G×E among predominantly female SA between 5′‐SNP rs7209436 and childhood/adolescence physical assault or attack (PA), as well as a second novel and male‐specific G×E between 3′‐SNP rs16940665 and adulthood PA exposure. A third male‐specific G×E previously reported by us among depressed SA, between SNP rs4792887 and cumulative SLEs, was also further confirmed. The two novel G×Es presented here shared the SA characteristic of aggression, while showing differences on other aspects of SA heterogeneity. We conclude that different SA subjects were observed to differentially associate with two novel G×Es involving exposures to PA with different life timing and SNPs located in opposite ends of CRHR1. Concerning sex differences, we observed three subsets of distinct male SA that associated with each of the three observed G×Es, whereas female SAs were affected by only one of the G×Es. These results are consistent with a diathesis–stress model of suicidal behavior and may help to explain SA heterogeneity.
Detection of OXA-58-Producing Acinetobacterseifertii Recovered from a Black-Necked Swan at a Zoo Lake

Ana Clara Narciso,a Willames M. B. S. Martins,a Rodrigo Cayô,a Adriana Pereira de Matos,a Stéfanie Vanessa Santos,a Patrícia Locosque Ramos,b João Batista da Cruz,c Ana Cristina Galesa Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazila; Departamento de Pesquisas Aplicadas, Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazilb; Fundação Parque Zoológico de São Paulo—FPZSP, São Paulo, Brazilc
AELA: an adaptive entity linking approach

The number of available Linked Data datasets has been increasing over time. Despite this, their use to recognise entities in unstructured plain text (Entity Linking task) is still limited to a small number of datasets. In this paper we propose a framework adaptable to the structure of generic Linked Data datasets. This adaptability allows a broader use of Linked Data datasets for the Entity Linking task.