Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can creativity be assessed? Towards an evidence-informed framework for assessing and planning progress in creativity

This article considers the role of constructions of creativity in the classroom and their consequences for learning and, in particular, for the assessment of creativity. Definitions of creativity are examined to identify key implications for supporting the development of children’s creativity within the classroom. The implications of assessing creativity in order to aid its development within and across subjects are explored through the consideration of existing frameworks for assessing and supporting creativity. Enablers for creative teaching and learning are considered in order to propose a model of assessment and development for creativity.
Data Issues in English-to-Hindi Machine Translation

Statistical machine translation to morphologically richer languages is a challenging task and more so if the source and target languages differ in word order. Current state-of-the-art MT systems thus deliver mediocre results. Adding more parallel data often helps improve the results; if it doesn't, it may be caused by various problems such as different domains, bad alignment or noise in the new data. In this paper we evaluate the English-to-Hindi MT task from this data perspective. We discuss several available parallel data sources and provide cross-evaluation results on their combinations using two freely available statistical MT systems. We demonstrate various problems encountered in the data and describe automatic methods of data cleaning and normalization. We also show that the contents of two independently distributed data sets can unexpectedly overlap, which negatively affects translation quality. Together with the error analysis, we also present a new tool for viewing aligned corpora, which makes it easier to detect difficult parts in the data even for a developer not speaking the target language.
Alternative Architectures Toward Reliable Memristive Crossbar Memories

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM), referred to as memristor, is an emerging memory technology to potentially replace conventional memories, which will soon be facing serious design challenges related to continued scaling. Memristor-based crossbar architecture has been shown to be the best implementation for ReRAM. However, it faces a major challenge related to the sneak current (current sneak paths) flowing through unselected memory cells, which significantly reduces the voltage read margins. In this paper, five alternative architectures (topologies) are applied to minimize the impact of sneak current; the architectures are based on the introduction of insulating junctions within the crossbar. Simulations that were performed while considering different memory accessing aspects, such as bit reading versus word reading, stored data background distribution, crossbar dimensions, etc., showed that read margins can be increased significantly (up to 4×) as compared with standard crossbar architectures. In addition, the proposed architectures eliminate the requirement for extra select devices at each cross point and have no operational complexity overhead.
African Americans’ Perceptions of Adherence to Medications and Lifestyle Changes Prescribed to Treat Hypertension

More than 80 million Americans have hypertension (HTN), and African Americans (AAs) are disproportionately affected. AAs also have lower rates of adherence to HTN treatment. It is important to understand AAs’ perceptions of adherence to develop effective interventions. The aim of this study is to examine AAs’ perceptions of adherence to medications and lifestyle changes prescribed to treat HTN. In this qualitative study, we used purposive sampling to recruit Southern AAs with HTN aged 21 and older from a free, faith-based clinic. We recorded individual, in-person interviews about perceptions related to adherence to treatment of HTN and analyzed verbatim transcripts using content analysis and constant comparison. We also conducted medical record audits. Twenty-nine AAs participated (52% female, 38% were <50 years of age, 52% had taken anti-HTN medications for ≥5 years). Audits indicated that 65% had uncontrolled HTN during the previous year. Two main themes included causes of HTN and ways to improve blood pressure. Perceived causes of HTN included diet, stress, unhealthy actions, genes, and obesity. Ways to improve HTN included using cultural treatments “passed down,” increasing exercise, reducing stress, and losing weight. Many reported using home remedies to control HTN, including drinking pickle juice. More than half of this sample had uncontrolled HTN. They identified influences of culture on perceptions of adherence including causes and treatment of HTN, and possibly detrimental home remedies. It is imperative that clinicians identify culturally appropriate interventions for this high-risk group.
Towards Proving Security in the Presence of Large Untrusted Components

This paper proposes a generalized framework to build large, complex systems where security guarantees can be given for the overall system's implementation. The work builds on the formally proven correct seL4 micro-kernel and on its fine-grained access control. This access control mechanism allows large untrusted components to be isolated in a way that prevents them from violating a defined security property, leaving only the trusted components to be formally verified. The first steps of the approach are illustrated by the formalisation of a multi-level secure access device and a proof in Isabelle/HOL that information cannot flow from one back-end network to another.
Career Commitment: Construction of a Measure and Examination of Its Psychometric Properties.

Abstract The design, development, and evaluation of the 12-item Career Commitment Measure (CCM) is reported. Measure construction was conducted in three major phases culminating with a field test of 476 respondents employed in various work settings. Consistent with its predefined content domain, a principal-axes factor analysis of the CCM produced three dimensions: Career Identity, Career Planning, and Career Resilience. Coefficient alpha reliabilities for the three dimensions ranged from . 79 to . 85. The CCM detected differences in career commitment levels associated with varying degrees of professionalism across occupational groups. Factor analytic results also supported the CCM′s discriminant validity. Finally, an analysis of correlate relations generally supported the CCM′s construct validity.
A 0.6-V 82-dB delta-sigma audio ADC using switched-RC integrators

A 0.6-V 2-2 cascaded audio delta-sigma ADC is described. It uses a resistor-based sampling technique which achieves high linearity and low-voltage operation without subjecting the devices to large terminal voltages. A low-distortion feed-forward topology combined with nonlinear local feedback results in enhanced linearity by reducing the sensitivity to opamp distortion, and allows increased input amplitude, resulting in higher SNDR. The modulator achieves 82-dB dynamic range and 81-dB peak SNDR in the A-weighted audio signal bandwidth with an OSR of 64. The total power consumption of the modulator is 1 mW from a 0.6-V supply. The prototype occupies 2.9 mm/sup 2/ using a 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
A Note on Misspecified Estimating Functions

We consider the use of estimating functions which are not unbiased. Typically, to result in consistent estimators, unbiasedness of estimating functions is a prerequisite. However, it may sometimes be easier to find a useful estimating function that is biased, especially in the presence of missing data or misclassified observations. We show that the root of the estimating function can be modified to give a consistent and asymptotically normal estimator, and illustrate this on several examples with binary data. We compare this to the alternative approach of adjusting the estimating function, and show that it can be more efficient.
Men's Self-Reported Coping Strategies for Depression: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

Key focal points of existing research on men’s depression have included the role of masculinity and the nature of gender-specific coping styles. Existing quantitative studies may be limited in their ability to detect the full range of coping strategies deployed by men in response to this problem. The analysis of findings from qualitative studies may represent a useful way in which to obtain a more comprehensive representation of men’s responses. To address this, a systematic review of qualitative studies examining the nature of men’s coping and depression was undertaken. Electronic database and hand searching for published studies between 2000 and 2014 produced a total of 14 studies for synthesis from an initial pool of 1,446. A total of 323 participants with an age range of 19–75 years comprised the final sample, with studies taken from Canada, the US, U.K., Sweden and Finland. Reported coping strategies were grouped under 5 metathematic categories with “promote traditional masculinity,” “promote flexible masculinity,” and “social concealment and minimization” representing the most substantive coping domains. Findings suggest that an expanded view of men’s coping strategies is appropriate within the context of depression. Review limitations, implications, and future research are discussed.
Reverse Engineering Super-Repositories

Reverse engineering and software evolution research has been focused mostly on analyzing single software systems. However, rarely a project exists in isolation; instead, projects exist in parallel within a larger context given by a company, a research group or the open-source community. Technically, such a context manifests itself in the form of super-repositories, containers of several projects developed in parallel. Well-known examples of such super-repositories include SourceForge and CodeHaus. We present an easily accessible platform which supports the analysis of such super-repositories. The platform can be valuable for reverse engineering both the projects and the structure of the organization as reflected in the interactions and collaborations between developers. Throughout the paper we present various types of analysis applied to three open-source and one industrial Smalltalk super- repositories, containing hundreds of projects developed by dozens of people.
Entamoeba histolytica acetyl-CoA synthetase: biomarker of acute amoebic liver abscess.

OBJECTIVE To characterize the Entamoeba histolytica (E. histolytica) antigen(s) recognized by moribound amoebic liver abscess hamsters. METHODS Crude soluble antigen of E. histolytica was probed with sera of moribund hamsters in 1D- and 2D-Western blot analyses. The antigenic protein was then sent for tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The corresponding gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-AI to produce the recombinant E. histolytica ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (EhACS) protein. A customised ELISA was developed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the recombinant protein. RESULTS A ∼75 kDa protein band with a pI value of 5.91-6.5 was found to be antigenic; and not detected by sera of hamsters in the control group. Tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed the protein to be the 77 kDa E. histolytica ADP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetase (EhACS). The customised ELISA results revealed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity when tested against infected (n=31) and control group hamsters (n=5) serum samples, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggested the significant role of EhACS as a biomarker for moribund hamsters with acute amoebic liver abscess (ALA) infection. It is deemed pertinent that future studies explore the potential roles of EhACS in better understanding the pathogenesis of ALA; and in the development of vaccine and diagnostic tests to control ALA in human populations.
Cognitive neuroscience of aging : linking cognitive and cerebral aging

1. Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Emergence of a New Discipline (Roberto Cabeza, Lars Nyberg, and Denise C. Park) I. Imaging Measures 2. The Aging Brain Observed in Vivo: Differential Changes and Their Modifiers (Naftali Raz) 3. The Role of Dopamine Systems in Cognitive Aging (Lars Backman and Lars Farde) 4. Electrophysiological and Optical Measures of Cognitive Aging (Monica Fabiani and Gabriele Gratton) 5. BOLD Functions MRI and Cognitive Aging (Adam H. Gazzaley and Mark D'Esposito) 6. The Relationship Between Brain Activity, Cognitive Performance, and Aging: The Case of Memory (Michael D. Rugg and Alexa M. Morcom) II. Basic Cognitive Processes 7. Age-Related Changes in Neural Activity During Visual Perception and Attention (David J. Madden, Wythe L. Whiting, and Scott A. Huettel) 8. The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory and Aging (Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz and Ching-Yune C. Sylvester) 9. Long Term Memory and Aging: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective (Denise C. Park and Angela H. Gutchess) 10. The Neural Basis of age-Related Declines in Prospective Memory (Robert West) III. CLINICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES 11. Three Principals for Cognitive Aging Research: Multiple Causes and Sequelae, Variance in Expression and Response, and the need for Integrative Theory (Randy L. Buckner) 12. Functional Connectivity During Memory Tasks in Healthy Aging and Dementia (Cheryl L. Grady) 13. Cognitive Training in Healthy Aging: A Cognitive Neuroscience Perspective (Lars Nyberg) IV. Models in Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging 14. Age Related Changes in Hemispheric Organization (Sander Daselaar and Roberto Cabeza) 15. Neurocomputational Perspectives Linking Neuromodulation, Processing Noise, Representational Distinctiveness, and Cognitive Aging (Shu-Chen Li)
The Miller-Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-Fast)

The Miller-Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST) was developed to provide clinicians with a reliable and valid screen for malingered mental illness. Previous studies have demonstrated the development and initial validation of the M-FAST. The current analyses extend the M-FAST generalizability across literacy status and race and compare predictive utility with clinical opinion. Study 1 includes a sample of 280 forensic male psychiatric patients, 5 psychiatrists, and 8 psychologists. The psychiatric participants were administered the SIRS, M-FAST item pool, M Test, and MMPI-2. Study 2 includes an independent sample of 50 male forensic psychiatric participants and the 13 mental health professionals. Results provide evidence of generalizability of the M-FAST across literacy and racial groups. Results also indicate that the M-FAST produced higher classification accuracy than the M Test and clinical opinion, significantly reducing the number off alse negatives at the screening stage of malingering assessment.
Paradoxes of authentic leadership: Leader identity struggles

Using in-depth interview material, this article explores the socially constructed and locally mediated nature of authentic leadership. The findings illustrate an irony of authentic leadership: while leaders claim that it is their true and natural selves that make them good leaders; simultaneously, they must restrain their claimed authenticity in order to be perceived as good leaders. This generates tensions that undermine the construction of a more stable and coherent leader identity. The study finds that in order to resolve these tensions, the managers develop metaphorical selves—Mother Teresa, messiah and coach—as a way of trying to accommodate conflicting identity claims while remaining true to the idea of themselves as authentic leaders exercising good leadership. These findings contribute to a constructed, situational and contested notion of leadership by showing how authenticity is an existential project of ‘essentialising’ fragmented and conflicting selves.
Black Code: Censorship, Surveillance, and the Militarisation of Cyberspace

Conventional wisdom holds that the Internet's material properties are biased towards openness, and provide the foundation for a global commons of information increasingly beneficial to citizens worldwide. However, pressures from the security and commercial sectors to regulate and control the Internet are beginning to alter its basic material architecture in ways that may undermine not only the activities of global civic networks, but also the long-term prospects for an open global communications environment. As Internet censorship and surveillance becomes more widespread, and as states begin to militarise cyberspace, a radically different environment for global communications is emerging. However, these changes are not uncontested. While not having the influence over Internet security and design issues that security and corporate actors do, a growing number of civil society actors are merging with politically minded computer scientists and engineers to form policy networks and develop `hacktivist' technologies designed to support self-expression, privacy, and security for global civic networks. For the Internet and other information and communication technologies to support a global commons of information the success of this movement over the long term will be critical.
Detection of human faces in color image using genetic algorithm

A genetic approach for human faces detection is proposed. Firstly, the possible facial components are extracted from image, and then the geometry rules are employed to select the candidate eye pairs. Then genetic algorithm is applied to search for possible face regions from candidate eye pairs. The fitness value of each solution is measured based on the information of gray projection and skin-color distribution in face region. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is reliable, and it can detect the frontal human faces with various orientations.
Negotiating Exchanges of P3p‐Labeled Information for Compensation

We consider private information a commodity, of value to both the information holder and the information seeker. Hence, a customer can be enticed to trade his/her private information with a business in exchange for compensation. In this article, we propose to apply utility theory to allow each participant to express the value they place on each private datum and, separately, on combinations of data. The PrivacyPact protocol transmits messages that comprise possible exchanges. Each participant is prevented from making offers that necessarily have lower utility for the other partner than previous ones. The protocol is complete in that if an exchange exists that is acceptable to both, it will be found as long as neither partner exits the negotiation early. While the space of possible offers grows exponentially on the number of negotiable items, experimentation with simple strategies indicates that negotiations can converge relatively quickly.
Minimax analysis of stochastic problems

In practical applications of stochastic programming the involved probability distributions are never known exactly. One can try to hedge against the worst expected value resulting from a considered set of permissible distributions. This leads to a min-max formulation of the corresponding stochastic programming problem. We show that, under mild regularity conditions, such a min-max problem generates a probability distribution on the set of permissible distributions with the min-max problem being equivalent to the expected value problem with respect to the corresponding weighted distribution. We consider examples of the news vendor problem, the problem of moments and problems involving unimodal distributions. Finally, we discuss the Monte Carlo sample average approach to solving such min-max problems.
Paradigms and information systems as an applied discipline - a model-based representation, problems, and suggested solutions

Information Systems Discipline (ISD) is dominated by the two contrary paradigms of design science on the one hand and behavioral science on the other. Apart from that, research results are considered more or less relevant for practice depending on the respective paradigm. Conclusively, research communities following the paradigms are partly incompatible while, due to the notion of relevance for practice, the exchange between science and practice is hampered. Various “disconnects” hindering the collaboration both between design science and behavioral science and between science and practice emerged due to this. These aspects will be described and represented within a model-based analysis of the situation while suggestions from ISD literature on the topic will be presented and discussed. Considering that comparable challenges have recently been faced in the field of medicine, Evidence-based Medicine (EbM) emerged as a new paradigm to solve similar problems and is now well-established. We will present and discuss some attempts to transfer the evidence-based research approach from medicine and how they may apply to the equally application-oriented field of Information Systems.
Child welfare clients and educational transitions

ABSTRACT Despite long‐standing knowledge about child welfare clients' educational disadvantage, we know less about the individuals' progress through the educational system. Based on Norwegian data, this study examined educational transitions following compulsory school and the first 3 years of upper secondary school, which correspond approximately to the transition following middle school/junior high school to the first years of high school in the USA. It is argued that in examining educational success in the child welfare population it is necessary to analyse whether child welfare clients follow the academic or vocational track. In addition, the degree to which educational transitions are related to gender, school performance and parental education was examined. Child welfare clients' educational transitions were compared with those of a comparison sample from the general population. The analyses show that after completing compulsory school, child welfare clients most often begin in the vocational track and that they often drop out of school. This tendency is largely related to low school performance and low parental education. In addition, child welfare clients' successful transitions are somewhat lower in the vocational than in the academic track and decrease during upper secondary school.
An integrated data mining approach to real-time clinical monitoring and deterioration warning

Clinical study found that early detection and intervention are essential for preventing clinical deterioration in patients, for patients both in intensive care units (ICU) as well as in general wards but under real-time data sensing (RDS). In this paper, we develop an integrated data mining approach to give early deterioration warnings for patients under real-time monitoring in ICU and RDS. Existing work on mining real-time clinical data often focus on certain single vital sign and specific disease. In this paper, we consider an integrated data mining approach for general sudden deterioration warning. We synthesize a large feature set that includes first and second order time-series features, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), spectral analysis, approximative entropy, and cross-signal features. We then systematically apply and evaluate a series of established data mining methods, including forward feature selection, linear and nonlinear classification algorithms, and exploratory undersampling for class imbalance. An extensive empirical study is conducted on real patient data collected between 2001 and 2008 from a variety of ICUs. Results show the benefit of each of the proposed techniques, and the final integrated approach significantly improves the prediction quality. The proposed clinical warning system is currently under integration with the electronic medical record system at Barnes-Jewish Hospital in preparation for a clinical trial. This work represents a promising step toward general early clinical warning which has the potential to significantly improve the quality of patient care in hospitals.