Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Person re-identification using co-occurrence attributes of physical and adhered human characteristics

We propose a novel method for extracting features from images of people using co-occurrence attributes, which are then used for person re-identification. Existing methods extract features based on simple attributes such as gender, age, hair style, or clothing. Our method instead extracts more informative features using co-occurrence attributes, which are combinations of physical and adhered human characteristics (e.g., a man wearing a suit, 20-something woman, or long hair and wearing a skirt). Our co-occurrence attributes were designed using prior knowledge of methods used by public websites that search for people. Our method first trains co-occurrence attribute classifiers. Given an input image of a person, we generate a feature by vectorizing confidences estimated using the classifiers and compute a distance between input and reference vectors with a metric learning technique. Our experiments using a number of publicly available datasets show that our method substantially improved the matching performance of the person re-identification results, when compared with existing methods. We also demonstrated how to analyze the most important co-occurrence attributes.
TrExML: a maximum-likelihood approach for extensive tree-space exploration

MOTIVATION Maximum-likelihood analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences is a powerful approach for inferring phylogenetic relationships and for comparing evolutionary hypotheses. Because it is a computationally demanding and time-consuming process, most algorithms explore only a minute portion of tree-space, with the emphasis on finding the most likely tree while ignoring the less likely, but not significantly worse, trees. However, when such trees exist, it is equally important to identify them to give due consideration to the phylogenetic uncertainty. Consequently, it is necessary to change the focus of these algorithms such that near optimal trees are also identified. RESULTS This paper presents the Advanced Stepwise Addition Algorithm for exploring tree-space and two algorithms for generating all binary trees on a set of sequences. The Advanced Stepwise Addition Algorithm has been implemented in TrExML, a phylogenetic program for maximum-likelihood analysis of nucleotide sequences. TrExML is shown to be more effective at finding near optimal trees than a similar program, fastDNAml, implying that TrExML offers a better approach to account for phylogenetic uncertainty than has previously been possible. A program, TreeGen, is also described; it generates binary trees on a set of sequences allowing for extensive exploration of tree-space using other programs. AVAILABILITY TreeGen, TrExML, and the sequence data used to test the programs are available from the following two WWW sites: http://whitetail.bemidji. msus. edu/trexml/and http://jcsmr.anu. edu.au/dmm/humgen. + ++html.
Theiler’s virus strain-dependent induction of innate immune responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and its influence on viral clearance versus viral persistence

Infection of susceptible mice with the DA strain of Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induces a persistent central nervous system infection accompanied by demyelination that resembles multiple sclerosis. In contrast, Theiler’s GDVII strain does not persist, because infected animals either clear the virus or die. Previously, the authors have shown that in vitro infection of RAW264.7 macrophages displays a similar strain-dependent outcome, resulting in the establishment of a persistent infection with the DA strain and clearance of the GDVII strain. Here, the authors show that when RAW264.7 cells were infected with both strains, the antiviral response triggered by the GDVII virus interfered with the DA virus’ ability to induce a persistent infection. Treatment of cells with 2-aminopurine, a protein kinase R inhibitor, increased GDVII virus yields in contrast to DA virus yields. By comparing the antiviral activity of RAW264.7 macrophages against TMEV, it was found that GDVII-infected macrophages mounted a five times more potent antiviral response than the DA-infected ones, indicating that there are strain-dependent differences in the induction of host innate immune responses. Measurements of interferon (IFN) production confirmed this finding. In addition, it was found that the macrophages’ antiviral response is dependent on the multiplicity of infection. The antiviral activity resulting from GDVII-infected macrophages could be partially neutralized with antibodies against IFN-α or IFN-γ, but not with an anti-IFN-β antibody. Because only a partial neutralization was reached, the authors speculate that apart from the investigated IFNs, other cellular factors contribute to the observed antiviral activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of host innate immune responses in determining the balance between viral clearance and viral persistence.
Treatment of Severe Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia With the Applied-Tension Method

Blood-injection-injury phobias can be so severe that they interfere with receiving necessary medical care. Compared with most other phobias that typically increase heart rate, blood-injection-injury phobias are unique in their association with vasovagal responses. Thus, patients with blood-injection-injury phobias are typically less responsive to relaxation techniques, which in fact may be counterproductive. The current case studies describe use and clinical effectiveness of applied tension for treatment of severe blood-injection-injury phobia in two adolescent patients. Treatment included in vivo gradual exposure to feared stimuli combined with mastery of the tension technique to cope with anxiety, reduce vasovagal responses, and ultimately receive recommended medical treatment. Both patients experienced a significant decrease in anxiety and successfully underwent medical intervention without experiencing syncope. Directions for future research are discussed.
Managing the bazaar : commercialization and peripheral participation in mature, community-led free/open source software projects

The thesis investigates two fundamental dynamics of participation and collaboration in mature, community-led Free/Open Source (F/OS) software projects - commercialization and peripheral participation. The aim of the thesis is to examine whether the power relations that underlie the F/OS model of development are indicative of a new form of power relations supported by ICTs. Theoretically, the thesis is located within the Communities of Practice (CoP) literature and it draws upon Michel Foucault's ideas about the historical and relational character of power. It also mobilizes, to a lesser extent, Erving Goffman's notion of `face-work'. This framework supports a methodology that questions the rationality of how F/OS is organized and examines the relations between employed coders and volunteers, experienced and inexperienced coders, and programmers and nonprogrammers. The thesis examines discursive and structural dimensions of collaboration and employs quantitative and qualitative methods. Structural characteristics are considered in the light of arguments about embeddedness. The thesis contributes insights into how the gift economy is embedded in the exchange economy and the role of peripheral contributors. The analysis indicates that community-integrated paid developers have a key role in project development, maintaining the infrastructure aspects of the code base. The analysis suggests that programming and non-programming contributors are distinct in their make-up, priorities and rhythms of participation, and that learning plays an important role in controlling access. The results show that volunteers are important drivers of peripheral activities, such as translation and documentation. The term `autonomous peripherality' is used to capture the unique characteristics of these activities. These findings support the argument that centrality and peripherality are associated with the division of labour, which, in turn, is associated with employment relations and frameworks of institutional support. The thesis shows how the tensions produced by commercialization and peripheral participation are interwoven with values of meritocracy, ritual and strategic enactment of the idea of community as well as with tools and techniques developed to address the emergence of a set of problems specific to management and governance. These are characterized as `technologies of communities'. It is argued that the emerging topology of F/OS participation, seen as a `relational meshwork', is indicative of a redefinition of the relationship between sociality and economic production within mature, community-led F/OS projects.
Exploiting Additional Dimensions as Virtual Items on Top-N Recommender Systems

Traditionally, recommender systems for the web deal with applications that have two dimensions, users and items. Based on access data that relate these dimensions, a recommendation model can be built and used to identify a set of N items that will be of interest to a certain user. In this paper we propose a multidimensional approach, called DaVI (Dimensions as Virtual Items), that enables the use of common two-dimensional top-N recommender algorithms for the generation of recommendations using additional dimensions (e.g., contextual or background information). We empirically evaluate our approach with two different top-N recommender algorithms, Item-based Collaborative Filtering and Association Rules based, on two real world data sets. The empirical results demonstrate that DaVI enables the application of existing two-dimensional recommendation algorithms to exploit the useful information in multidimensional data.
Social representations of healthy and unhealthy food built by Romanian and Canadian children

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the social representations (SRs) of healthy and unhealthy food built by three groups of children from different cultural backgrounds. The main goal was to determine whether children's age and cultural background operated in the development of these representations. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative study was based on 45 individual semistructured interviews. In total, 45 children aged seven to 12 years from three different cultural backgrounds (French Canadians in Quebec, Canadians of Romanian origin, and children in Romania) were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Interview transcripts were analysed and interpreted using a three-step method derived from theories on social representations. Findings – SRs of healthy and unhealthy food underwent similar development processes in all groups according to children's ages. However, cultural context had an effect on the content and complexity of the representations, which were influenced .
Shading-interval constraints for normal map editing

Normal mapping is a compact representation to create visually rich shapes and shading effects. In this paper, we introduce a new paint-based approach to edit a normal map according to the intended shading, from realistic to non-realistic ones. For this purpose, we have formulated a normal-from-shading operation as a quadratic problem that makes use of intervals on shading. This approach ensures that the resulting normal map visually corresponds to the user-designed shading.
Gaze control for visually guided manipulation

Human studies have shown that gaze shifts are mostly driven by the task. One explanation is that fixations gather information about task relevant properties, where task relevance is signalled by reward. This thesis pursues primarily an engineering science goal to determine what mechanisms a rational decision maker could employ to select a gaze location optimally, or near optimally, given limited information and limited computation time. To do so we formulate and characterise three computational models of gaze shifting (implemented on a simulated humanoid robot), which use lookahead to imagine the informational effects of possible gaze fixations. Our first model selects the gaze that most reduces uncertainty in the scene (Unc), the second maximises expected rewards by reducing uncertainty (Rew+Unc), and the third maximises the expected gain in cumulative reward by reducing uncertainty (Rew+Unc+Gain). We also present an integrated account of a visual search process into the Rew+Unc+Gain gaze scheme. Our secondary goal is concerned with the way in which humans might select the next gaze location. We compare the hand-eye coordination timings of our models to previously published human data, and we provide evidence that only the models that incorporate both uncertainty and reward (Rew+Unc and Rew+Unc+Gain) match human data.
3D Modeling Using Geometric Constraints: A Parallelepiped Based Approach

In this paper, e(cid:14)cient and generic tools for calibration and 3D reconstruction are presented. These tools exploit geometric constraints frequently present in man-made environments and allow camera calibration as well as scene structure to be estimated with a small amount of user interactions and little a priori knowledge. The proposed approach is based on primitives that naturally characterize rigidity constraints: parallelepipeds. It has been shown previously that the intrinsic metric characteristics of a parallelepiped are dual to the intrinsic characteristics of a perspective camera. Here, we generalize this idea by taking into account additional redundancies between multiple images of multiple parallelepipeds. We propose a method for the estimation of camera and scene parameters that bears strong similarities with some self-calibration approaches. Taking into account prior knowledge on scene primitives or cameras, leads to simpler equations than for standard self-calibration, and is expected to improve results, as well as to allow structure and motion recovery in situations that are otherwise under-constrained. These principles are illustrated by experimental calibration results and several reconstructions from uncalibrated images.
Odd Harmonious Labeling of Some Graphs

The labeling of discrete structures is a potential area of research due to its wide range of applications. The present work is focused on one such labeling called odd harmonious labeling. A graph G is said to be odd harmonious if there exist an injection f : V (G) → {0,1,2,. ,2q − 1} such that the induced function f ∗ : E(G) → {1,3,. ,2q − 1} defined by f ∗ (uv) = f(u)+f(v) is a bijection. Here we investigate odd harmonious labeling of some graphs. We prove that the shadow graph and the splitting graph of bistar Bn,n are odd harmonious graphs. Moreover we show that the arbitrary supersubdivision of path Pn admits odd harmonious labeling. We also prove that the joint sum of two copies of cycle Cn for n ≡ 0(mod 4) and the graph Hn,n are odd harmonious graphs.
Related Work

M ost traditional computing systems and applications research treats software as the variable and hardware as the constant. In ubiquitous computing research, it’s difficult to maintain this perspective. A defining characteristic of ubiquitous computing systems is embodying physical context and interaction with a given physical locale rather than abstracting from it.1 Generally, ubiquitous computing is based on a trend that leads away from general-purpose hardware for applications and user interfaces toward more task-specific and varied devices.2 So, designing software for ubiquitous computing applications becomes entwined with designing the physical system components. Researchers who build ubiquitous computing systems to explore their properties increasingly must prototype hardware. This creates a quandary, because researchers interested in the challenges and potential of ubiquitous computing typically come from software-centric backgrounds such as distributed systems and user interface engineering. Such researchers can’t develop ubiquitous computing applications without suitable hardware, but designing suitable hardware requires understanding how the hardware fits into the application environment.3 We aim to lower the hurdle for physically prototyping ubiquitous computing systems by facilitating the study of systems composed of everyday artifacts augmented with physical I/O and wireless networking. Our work, which uses small computing devices called Smart-Its, addresses the need to create embedded interactive systems that disappear from the foreground to become secondary to the physical objects with which people interact during everyday activities. Such systems create new design challenges related to prototyping with embedded technologies and require careful consideration of the physical design context.
Applying neural network to explore the influences of the patent indicators upon the market value of the American pharmaceutical companies

This study applies the artificial neural network technique to explore the influence of the patent performance upon the market value of the pharmaceutical companies in US. The result shows that Herfindahl-Hirschman Index of patents has the negative influence upon the market value of the pharmaceutical companies in US, and the technological independence has the positive influence upon their market value. In addition, this study also finds out that the patent citations have the inverse u-shaped influence upon the market value of the American pharmaceutical companies.
A gendered lifecourse examination of sleep difficulties among older women

ABSTRACT Recent research has suggested that understanding and addressing the high prevalence of sleep difficulties in older women requires going beyond a purely physiological focus to address the role of social contextual pressures and demands. We take a gendered lifecourse approach to explore how sleep difficulties have evolved and how their management might reflect the position of older women in society more broadly. We conducted in-depth interviews with 12 oldest-old (average age 86) community-dwelling women who currently experienced sleep difficulties. Five themes emerged from the analysis: significant life stages; contingent lives; daily concerns in relation to ageing; attitudes and responses of women and general practitioners; and stigma and sleeping pills, which provided a conceptual framework through which to explain the reality of sleep difficulties for these women. For all women, sleep difficulties were not related to physical aspects such as pain or discomfort, but were largely shaped by demands associated with family relationships at different times in the lifecourse. Furthermore, our findings suggest that responses by women themselves, and health professionals, reflect a sense of stigma around sleep difficulties and use of sleeping pills. More emphasis on the social contextual explanations underpinning sleep difficulties might lead to better prevention and treatment of such problems, and increase quality of life.
ATM Surcharges: Effects on Deployment and Welfare

This paper analyzes the effects of ATM surcharges on deployment and welfare, in a model where banks compete for ATM and banking services. Foreign fees, surcharges and the interchange fee are endogenously determined. We find situations in which surcharges are welfare enhancing. Under strategic fee setting, the increase in deployment caused by surcharging might compensate the surplus loss caused by the increase in prices.
Daily Variation of UV‐induced Erythema and the Action of Solar Filters

UV rays may cause several degrees of skin damage, which makes sunscreen research necessary. In addition, skin sensitivity shows daily variations, which can interfere in the detection of the efficacy of the filters. Here, we studied the UV‐induced erythema in hairless rats at two times of the day (light and darkness) using a colorimeter method. The effect of an emulsion with solar filters with or without melatonin was also assayed. Results indicate that the value of a* (from CIELAB color space values L* a* b) was the most useful variable to evaluate the erythema. However, at the UV intensity used, erythema was only detected when irradiation was carried out during the activity phase of the animal, enabling the detection of the protective action of the sunscreen at this time. Thus, daily variations in skin sensitivity have been demonstrated and should be taken into account in dermatological research.
Many-core key-value store

Scaling data centers to handle task-parallel work-loads requires balancing the cost of hardware, operations, and power. Low-power, low-core-count servers reduce costs in one of these dimensions, but may require additional nodes to provide the required quality of service or increase costs by under-utilizing memory and other resources. We show that the throughput, response time, and power consumption of a high-core-count processor operating at a low clock rate and very low power consumption can perform well when compared to a platform using faster but fewer commodity cores. Specific measurements are made for a key-value store, Memcached, using a variety of systems based on three different processors: the 4-core Intel Xeon L5520, 8-core AMD Opteron 6128 HE, and 64-core Tilera TILEPro64.
A Metamodel-based Simulator for ASMs

In this paper we present a general-purpose simulation engine for ASM speci cations. It has been developed as part of the ASMETA (ASMs metamodelling) toolset which is a set of tools for ASMs based on the metamodelling framework of the Model-Driven Engineering. We brie y present the ASMETA framework, how it has been developed, the concrete textual notation or language (AsmetaL) it adopts for e ectively writing ASM speci cations and the Asmeta simulator (called AsmetaS). We explain the architecture of the simulator, its kernel engine, how it works within the ASMETA tool set, and how it takes advantages from the metamodelling approach. We discuss the features currently supported by the simulator and how it has been validated.
Energy saving schemes for wireless network base station using mobile relay

Many papers proposed base station(BS) sleep mode as a way to save power consumptions. However, mobile relay has not yet been considered as a component of BS sleep mode. In this paper, we combine mobile relay with BS's power-off energy saving scheme to enhance the BS power-off efficiency. With the mobile station(MS) relay, BSs have higher probability to power-off themselves. Then neighbor BSs of the power-off BS would get more burdens, but can increase the time portion of power-off BS in the total network and could save energy consumption.
Novel Flicker-Sensitive Visual Circuit Neurons Inhibited by Stationary Patterns

Many animals use visual motion cues for navigating within their surroundings. Both flies and vertebrates compute local motion by temporal correlation of neighboring photoreceptors, via so-called elementary motion detectors (EMDs). In the fly lobula plate and the vertebrate visual cortex the output from many EMDs is pooled in neurons sensitive to wide-field optic flow. Although the EMD has been the preferred model for more than 50 years, recent work has highlighted its limitations in describing some visual behaviors, such as responses to higher-order motion stimuli. Non-EMD motion processing may therefore serve an important function in vision. Here, we describe a novel neuron class in the fly lobula plate that clearly does not derive its input from classic EMDs. The centrifugal stationary inhibited flicker excited (cSIFE) neuron is strongly excited by flicker, up to very high temporal frequencies. The non-EMD driven flicker sensitivity leads to strong, nondirectional responses to high-speed, wide-field motion. Furthermore, cSIFE is strongly inhibited by stationary patterns, within a narrow wavelength band. cSIFE's outputs overlap with the inputs of well described optic flow-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs). Driving cSIFE affects the active dendrites of LPTCs, and cSIFE may therefore play a large role in motion vision.