Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of quantum modulation of the inversion charge in the MOSFET subthreshold regime

In this work, the impact of quantum modulation of the charge in the subtreshold regime is investigated for various architectures. Using Hänsch's model, the reduction in threshold voltage roll-off induced by quantum effects in a double gate is investigated. Next, it is demonstrated with Poisson-Schrödinger simulations that there is a quantum-induced increase in sub-threshold swing for an InAs channel compared to a Si channel in a long-channel bulk device. Finally, a correction to the Bulk subthreshold swing classical model is proposed and validated on simulations. The results suggest that, contrary to double-gate devices, quantum modulation of the charge has an impact in the subthreshold regime for bulk architectures.
Towards a chemical model for software architecture reconfiguration

The Chemical Abstract Machine is a general-purpose, simple, and intuitive programming model. Among other domains, it has been used for the specification and analysis of the computational behaviour of software architectures. In this paper we explore the ability of the formalism to express the dynamics of the architecture itself and to unify different approaches to reconfiguration within a single framework.
Correlation of Viral Loads with HCV Genotypes: Higher Levels of Virus Were Revealed among Blood Donors Infected with 6a Strains

Background Both HCV genotypes and viral loads are predictors of therapeutic outcomes among patients treated with α-interferon plus ribavirin; however, such correlation has only been studied for genotypes 1, 2, and 3 but not for genotype 6. Methodology/Findings 299 voluntary blood donors were recruited who were HCV viremic. Their mean age was 31.8; the male/female ratio was 3.82 (225/59). The viral loads of HCV were measured using the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan test (CAP/CTM) while HCV genotypes were determined by direct sequencing the partial NS5B region. HCV genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 6 were determined in 48.9%, 8.7%, 12.3%, and 30.1% of the donors, respectively, and the levels of mean viral loads in genotype 1 and 6 significantly higher than that of 2 and 3 (P<0.001). As a whole, the viral loads in male donors were higher than in female (P = 0.006). Moreover, the donors' gender and HCV genotypes are independently correlated with the measured viral loads. Conclusion HCV genotype 1 and 6 had significantly higher viral loads than genotype 2 and 3.
Layer-by-Layer Growth of Binary Colloidal Crystals

We report the growth of binary colloidal crystals with control over the crystal orientation through a simple layer-by-layer process. Well-ordered single binary colloidal crystals with a stoichiometry of large (L) and small (S) particles of LS2 and LS were generated. In addition, we observed the formation of an LS3superstructure. The structures formed as a result of the templating effect of the first layer and the forces exerted by the surface tension of the drying liquid. By using spheres of different composition, one component can be selectively removed, as is demonstrated in the growth of a hexagonal non–close-packed colloidal crystal.
ANODE: anomalous and heavy-atom density calculation

The program ANODE determines anomalous (or heavy-atom) densities by reversing the usual procedure for experimental phase determination. Instead of adding a phase shift to the heavy-atom phases to obtain a starting value for the native protein phase, this phase shift is subtracted from the native phase to obtain the heavy-atom substructure phase.
Social and Moral Relationships with Robots: Genetic Epistemology in an Exponentially Increasing Technological World

It has been happening for centuries. New technologies are invented that reshape individual thought and restructure social life. The emergence of the printing press, for example, provided access to written language for millions of people. In so doing, it gave rise to new forms of mental representations and to a powerful new means for the accretion of knowledge across generations. We would like to suggest that an equally astonishing technology is on the immediate horizon: social embodied technological networked entities. For purposes here we will narrow the class of these entities to perhaps their most canonical form: social robots. These robots embody aspects of people insofar as they have a persona, are adaptive and autonomous, and can talk, learn, use natural cues, and self-organize. One such humanoid robot, Robovie, was used as a museum guide at the Osaka Science Museum in Japan, and autonomously led groups of children around the museum, and conversed with them [Shiomi, Kanda, Ishiguro, & Hagita, 2007]. In the near future, think of a child coming home from school and interacting with a robot nanny or a robot friend [Tanaka, Cicourel, & Movellan, 2007]. Or think of an elderly person who is assisted in the home by a robot caretaker and who finds company through interaction with the robot [Sparrow & Sparrow, 2006]. Or, building conceptually on early software programs like ELIZA [Weizenbaum, 1966], think of patients in sessions with a robot therapist. These scenarios are not just science fiction any more. They are in research laboratories and will soon emerge in common life. These robots will not only change our everyday lives but the way we think about what constitutes a social and moral other . We’ve been finding this to be so in our collaborative research. In one study, for example, 90 children (9-, 12-, and 15-year-olds) initially interacted with the humanoid robot Robovie in 15-minute sessions [Kahn et al., 2012a]. Each session ended when an experimenter interrupted Robovie’s turn at a game and, against Robovie’s stated moral objections – based on moral considerations of fairness and psychological harm to itself – put Robovie into a closet. Each child was then engaged in a
Using Imagery and Storytelling to Educate Outpatients about 12‐Step Programs and Improve Their Participation in Community‐based Programs

&NA; The longer a patient remains engaged in recovery activities the greater the success of long‐term abstinence. Self‐help community programs that use the 12‐steps such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA) are known in the addictions field to contribute to sustained abstinence. Connecting patients to 12‐step programs in early stages of recovery increases the chance of prolonged involvement. A nurse working in an outpatient substance abuse clinic developed a unique method to inform and educate patients about the 12‐step process. A story and image metaphorically describe this journey. The cleaning of a vessel and subsequent discovery of tools along the way provide an uncomplicated look at the 12‐steps. Nurses can use the image and story to develop the necessary tools of honesty, open‐mindedness, and willingness for patients to embrace the 12‐step journey.
In vivo measurements of glucose uptake in human Achilles tendon during different exercise intensities.

Muscular contraction and loading of adjacent tendons has been demonstrated to cause increased blood flow and metabolic activity in the peritendinous region. However, it is poorly known to what extent the human tendon itself takes up glucose during exercise. Thus, the purpose of this study was to measure tendon glucose uptake with increasing exercise intensity and to compare it to muscle glucose uptake at the same intensities. Eight young men were examined on three separate days during which they performed 35 min of cycling at 30, 55 and 75 % of VO2max, respectively. Glucose uptake was measured directly by positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[ (18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG). [18F]FDG was injected after 10 min of exercise that was continued for a further 25 min after the injection. PET scanning of the thigh and Achilles region was performed after the exercise. Glucose uptake of the Achilles tendon (AT) remained unchanged (7.1 +/- 1.5, 6.6 +/- 1.1, and 6.0 +/- 1.1 micromol.kg(-1). min(-1)) with the increasing workload, although the glucose uptake in m. quadriceps femoris simultaneously clearly increased (48 +/- 35, 120 +/- 35, and 152 +/- 74 micromol.kg(-1). min(-1), p < 0.05). In conclusion, the AT takes up glucose during exercise but in significantly smaller amounts than the skeletal muscle does. Furthermore, glucose uptake in the AT is not increased with the increasing exercise intensity. This may be partly explained by the cycle ergometry exercise used in the present study, which probably causes only a little increase in strain to the AT with increasing exercise intensity.
A Simple Loss Function for Improving the Convergence and Accuracy of Visual Question Answering Models

Visual question answering as recently proposed multimodal learning task has enjoyed wide attention from the deep learning community. Lately, the focus was on developing new representation fusion methods and attention mechanisms to achieve superior performance. On the other hand, very little focus has been put on the models' loss function, arguably one of the most important aspects of training deep learning models. The prevailing practice is to use cross entropy loss function that penalizes the probability given to all the answers in the vocabulary except the single most common answer for the particular question. However, the VQA evaluation function compares the predicted answer with all the ground-truth answers for the given question and if there is a matching, a partial point is given. This causes a discrepancy between the model's cross entropy loss and the model's accuracy as calculated by the VQA evaluation function. In this work, we propose a novel loss, termed as soft cross entropy, that considers all ground-truth answers and thus reduces the loss-accuracy discrepancy. The proposed loss leads to an improved training convergence of VQA models and an increase in accuracy as much as 1.6%.
Robust Multilevel Coherent Optical Systems With Linear Processing at the Receiver

This paper investigates optical coherent systems based on polarization multiplexing and high-order modulations such as phase-shift keying (PSK) signals and quadrature amplitude modulations (QAM). It is shown that a simple linear receiver processing is sufficient to perfectly demultiplex the two transmitted streams and to perfectly compensate for group velocity dispersion (GVD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD). In addition, in the presence of a strong phase noise of the lasers at the transmitter and receiver, a symbol-by-symbol detector with decision feedback is able to considerably improve the receiver robustness with a limited complexity increase. We will also discuss the channel estimation and the receiver adaptivity to time-varying channel conditions as well as the problem of the frequency acquisition and tracking. Finally, a new two-dimensional (polarization/time) differential encoding rule is proposed to overcome a polarization-ambiguity problem. In the numerical results, the receiver performance will be assessed versus the receiver complexity.
Multicultural coping: Chinese Canadian adolescents, male gender role conflict, and psychological distress.

One hundred seventy-nine Chinese Canadian adolescents completed measures of male gender role conflict, culturally specific coping strategies, and psychological distress. Structural equation results demonstrate that Avoidance Coping and Engagement Coping mediated the relationship between all aspects of male gender role conflict, with the exception of Restricted Affectionate Behavior Between Men and psychological distress. Implications for counseling practice, further research, and the psychology of men are discussed.
Empirical Item Keying Versus a Rational Approach to Analyzing a Psychological Climate Questionnaire

The present study compared two approaches to scoring a Psychological Climate Questionnaire— an empirical keying of items using item analysis and a rational approach which focused on identifying the underlying constructs measured by the question naire. The approaches were compared with respect to prediction of performance criteria and the ability to ascertain the theoretical underpinnings of the in strument. Questionnaires were completed by 398 male firemen in a large metropolitan area. Results demonstrated that a summation of item scores to reflect carefully designed a priori constructs did not necessarily result in weaker prediction of perform ance criteria. Similarities of the present study with previous work are discussed.
A Study on the Hopelessness of Turkish Physical Education and Sports School Students / Istraživanje bespomoćnosti studenata tjelesnog odgoja i studenata u sportskim školama

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate and compare university students’ hopelessness levels for specific variables. The sample included 535 university students at the School of Physical Education and Sports (SPES) of the Adnan Menderes University. The 20-item Beck Hopelessness Scale, developed by Beck et al. (1974), was used in the study. Seber et al. (1993), Durak and PalabÄ±yÄ±koÄŸlu (1994) created a Turkish adaptation of the scale. Based on the data, descriptive frequencies and percentage tables were obtained. The Mann Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests, nonparametric correlation and linear regression analyses were implemented using the SPSS 16.0 statistical software for the hopelessness scores. There was an insignificant correlation between students’ hopelessness levels in different departments and playing sports, while students’ hopelessness scores in the training department were higher than the scores of students in other departments. The low income students’ hopelessness levels were higher, but there was a significant correlation between low income and middle/high income.Key words: hopelessness; School of Physical Education and Sports; university students---SažetakOvo istraživanje ima za cilj vrednovati i usporediti razine bespomoćnosti studenata za pojedine varijable. Uzorak je činilo 535 studenata iz Škole za kineziologiju i sport (SPES) Sveučilišta Adnan. U istraživanju se koristila Bekova skala bespomoćnosti koja ima 20 jedinica, a koju su razvili Beck i sur. (1974). Seber i sur. (1993), Durak i PalabÄ±yÄ±koÄŸlu (1994) prilagodili su skalu prema turskim potrebama. Rezultate smo dobili deskriptivnom statistikom – frekvencijama i postotcima. Mann Whitney U Kruskal-Wallis testovi, neparametrijske korelacije i analiza linearne regresije korišteni su s pomoću SPSS 16.0 statističkog programa za rezultate bespomoćnosti. Neznačajna korelacija ustanovljena je kod razine bespomoćnosti studenata u različitim odjelima i u bavljenju sportom, dok su rezultati bespomoćnosti studenata u odjelu vježbanja viši nego studenata u ostalim odjelima. Razina bespomoćnosti studenata koji imaju niže izvore prihoda bila je viša, ali značajna korelacija pokazala se između studenata s niskim prihodima i srednje/visokim primanjima. Ključne riječi: bespomoćnost; Škola za Kineziologiju i sport; studenti
Individual Characteristics as Sources of Perceived Uncertainty Variability

Most contingency theorists have focused on perceived environmental characteristics while ignoring the possible impact of individual differences among subjects. The view that an organization is for the most part what people perceive it to be suggests the need to identify the potential role of individual differences in the perceptions of organizational properties. Four sources of variability in the perception of uncertainty were suggested and measured with a sample of 5i corporate division managers. Cognitive process variables were more consistently related to a manager's perceived uncertainty than were perceived environmental variables.
Constructive Controversy, the Vroom-Yetton Model, and Managerial Decision-Making

Empirical tests have indicated that following the Vroom-Yetton Normative Model of leadership predicts reliably to successful managerial decision-making. However, it does not consider the kind of social interaction among decision makers. Recent experiments have demonstrated that controversy constructively discussed can facilitate decision-making. To see whether constructive controversy can supplement the Vroom-Yetton model, 58 managers enrolled in an executive-level MBA programme described a successful and unsuccessful decision-making experience by answering the Vroom-Yetton questions and by indicating the extent those involved in making the decision experienced constructive controversy. Results indicate that both the Vroom-Yetton model and constructive controversy are significantly related to successful decision-making. A regression analysis indicated that constructive controversy accounted for 45 per cent of the variance of decision success whereas the Vroom-Yetton model accounted for 5 per cent. While the Vroom-Yetton model is useful at the preplanning stage for choosing a decision style, much greater contribution is provided by constructive discussions of opposing opinions when actually generating the decision.
(De-)Composing Causality in Labeled Transition Systems

The work of Georgiana Caltais was partially supported by an Independent Research Start-up Grant founded by Zukunftskolleg at Konstanz University. The work of Mohammad Reza Mousavi has been partially supported by the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet) award number: 621-2014-5057 (Effective Model-Based Testing of Concurrent Systems) and ˚ the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (Stiftelsen for Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling) in the context ¨ of the AUTO-CAAS HoG project (number: 20140312).
Subcellular redistribution of hsp72 protein during cisplatin‐induced apoptosis in HeLa cells

Exposure of HeLa cells to cisplatin results in the activation of apoptotic cell death. This drug induces DNA damage and generates reactive oxygen intermediates. Since cisplatin is highly reactive and binds to diverse proteins, it could create abnormal protein structures or nonspecific aggregates. For these reasons, we analyzed the expression and subcelullar distribution of hsp72, a heat‐shock protein that enables cells under stress to cope with damaged proteins. We did not observe any changes in the expression of hsp72 protein, although, by immunofluorescence studies, we detected a dramatic redistribution of the protein. These results and its probable relevance in the drug‐induced apoptotic phenomenon are discussed.
Time Series Management Systems: A Survey

The collection of time series data increases as more monitoring and automation are being deployed. These deployments range in scale from an Internet of things (IoT) device located in a household to enormous distributed Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) producing large volumes of data at high velocity. To store and analyze these vast amounts of data, specialized Time Series Management Systems (TSMSs) have been developed to overcome the limitations of general purpose Database Management Systems (DBMSs) for times series management. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis and classification of TSMSs developed through academic or industrial research and documented through publications. Our classification is organized into categories based on the architectures observed during our analysis. In addition, we provide an overview of each system with a focus on the motivational use case that drove the development of the system, the functionality for storage and querying of time series a system implements, the components the system is composed of, and the capabilities of each system with regard to Stream Processing and Approximate Query Processing (AQP). Last, we provide a summary of research directions proposed by other researchers in the field and present our vision for a next generation TSMS.
Image Steganography using Karhunen-Loeve Transform and Least Bit Substitution

cation channels are increasing in number, reliability of faithful communication is reducing. Hacking and tempering of data are two major issues for which security should be provided by channel. This raises the importance of steganography. In this paper, a novel method to encode the message information inside a carrier image has been described. It uses Karhunen-Loeve Transform for compression of data and Least Bit Substitution for data encryption. Compression removes redundancy and thus also provides encoding to a level. It is taken further by means of Least Bit Substitution. The algorithm used for this purpose uses pixel matrix which serves as a best tool to work on. Three different sets of images were used with three different numbers of bits to be substituted by message information. The experimental results show that algorithm is time efficient and provides high data capacity. Further, it can decrypt the original data effectively. Parameters such as carrier error and message error were calculated for each set and were compared for performance analysis. KeywordsKarhunen-Loeve Transform, Least Bit Substitution, pixel matrix, eigenvectors.
Root growth dynamics linked to above-ground growth in walnut (Juglans regia).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Examination of plant growth below ground is relatively scant compared with that above ground, and is needed to understand whole-plant responses to the environment. This study examines whether the seasonal timing of fine root growth and the spatial distribution of this growth through the soil profile varies in response to canopy manipulation and soil temperature. METHODS Plasticity in the seasonal timing and vertical distribution of root production in response to canopy and soil water manipulation was analysed in field-grown walnut (Juglans regia 'Chandler') using minirhizotron techniques. KEY RESULTS Root production in walnuts followed a unimodal curve, with one marked flush of root growth starting in mid-May, with a peak in mid-June. Root production declined later in the season, corresponding to increased soil temperature, as well as to the period of major carbohydrate allocation to reproduction. Canopy and soil moisture manipulation did not influence the timing of root production, but did influence the vertical distribution of roots through the soil profile. Water deficit appeared to promote root production in deeper soil layers for mining soil water. Canopy removal appeared to promote shallow root production. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study add to growing evidence that root growth in many ecosystems follows a unimodal curve with one marked flush of root growth in coordination with the initial leaf flush of the season. Root vertical distribution appeared to have greater plasticity than timing of root production in this system, with temperature and/or carbohydrate competition constraining the timing of root growth. Effects on root distribution can have serious impacts on trees, with shallow rooting having negative impacts in years with limited soil water or positive impacts in years with wet springs, and deep rooting having positive impacts on soil water mining from deeper soil layers but negative impacts in years with wet springs.