Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trends in tropical tropospheric column ozone from satellite data and MOZART model

Trend analysis of tropical (30°S–30°N) tropospheric columnar ozone (TCO) has been done using Nimbus7 and Earth Probe satellite ‐Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data for the period of 1979–2005 using multifunctional regression model. Results indicate highest increasing trend (7–9% per decade) over some parts of south Asian continental region which is attributed to increasingly high emissions of ozone precursors over the region. Among different marine regions, Ozone trend is found to be highest (4–6% per decade) over the Bay of Bengal which is largely be explained by the large scale wind systems causing massive transport of continental pollutants over this region. The study also includes the comparison of the satellite results with those obtained from a 3‐D chemistry transport model. In some cases, the magnitude of observed trends is consistent with the model trends. However, in some cases like East Asia and area around Philippines differences are inevitable.
Weibull raindrop-size distribution and its application to rain attenuation

In the design of radio systems such as terrestrial and satellite communication links at frequencies above 10 GHz, rain attenuation is an important problem. A Weibull raindrop-size distribution is proposed by fitting the measurements of rainfall observed using a distrometer in Tokyo. A propagation experiment at 103 GHz is introduced. Rain attenuation coefficients are calculated by considering the Mie scattering using this Weibull distribution for raindrop size are compared with some experimental data. The results of frequency characteristics from this Weibull raindrop-size distribution agrees well with some experimental data for the range 8-312.5 GHz.
Tumors of the breast related to the oestrin hormone.

47 figures and 2 tables are the core of evidence presented in this discussion of the relatedness of estrogen to breast tumors. A pathologic study of 95 cases of gynecomastia, 25 cases of virginal hypertrophy, and 450 cases of fibroadenoma shows the similarity of these lesions, characterized by a developmentally responsive fibroepithelial growth occurring in both males and females under normal and abnormal conditions. That prolonged (developmental) and uninterrupted stimulation by estrogen rather than brief high concentrations is necessary for production of these conditions is supported by the following: 1) these hypertrophies are easily produced in male animals when pathologic concentrations of estrogen are present; 2) these conditions are prevalent in prepuberty in girls, when small but steady estrogen breast secretions occur for 3-5 years before menstrual onset; 3) these conditions occur or are exacerbated during the latter 2 trimesters of pregnancy; 4) experimental injection of repeated small doses of estrogen into monkeys is more efficacious in reproducing the diseases than high doses given over short periods; and 5) the bio-assay of these pathologic tissues demonstrates that affected tissue has a marked capacity to concentrate the hormone. Cystic disease and fibrosarcoma receive similar histological treatment in the text, and the frozen sections suggest that the involutional changes in fibroadenomatous lesions may give rise to cystic disease and the proliferative changes in fibroadenoma may be responsible for fibrosarcoma development. Nonsurgical attempts to involute these lesions are described, and their advancement is recommended (e.g., treatment of gynecomastia by prolactin).
Space time codes based on tensor precoding model

We present a novel approach to designing space-time codes based on a tensor precoding model. This proposed scheme can achieve full diversity at full transmission rate on the assumption of quasi-static flat fading channels. We describe a unified approach to design criteria exploiting the parallel factor (PARAFAC) tensor decomposition to express the precoding tensor in terms of a set of component matrices. The scheme is more general and flexible than existing orthogonal space-time codes and space-time linear constellation precoding schemes, and hence can offer better performance for both real and complex constellations. In particular in this paper we introduce a scheme based on Vandermonde matrices for substream allocation.
Correlation between neuromuscular assessment and evoked potential in the prediction of the multiple sclerosis evolution

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a great heterogeneity of both its clinical course and the aspect of the lesions. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the neuromuscular disorders in MS using electrophysiological parameters, in order to enable the rehabilitation physician to set the goals of a prophylactic intervention. The major research question addressed here is to identify the correlations between the electrophysiological parameters obtained by tensiomyographic (TMG) and visual evoked potential (VEP) testing in patients with MS, and to clinically apply these results in prevention and rehabilitation of motor disorders. The alteration of muscular structure and function affects the postural control. Research method: The group of subjects consisted of 40 MS patients, aged 38.15±11.19 years, without clinically detectable gait disorders. The neurophysiological assessment methods used were the visual evoked potentials (VEP) and tensiomyography (TMG). In addition, the clinical and functional assessments were performed by clinical examination and evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score and spasticity. Results: We found that there is a strong correlation between the values of the neuro-muscular parameters, which reflect the intramuscular conduction, and the characteristics of the P100 wave. At the level of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA), the P100 has an increased latency, which is pathognomonic for MS, and this is directly correlated with an increased levels of displacement (Dm) and a decreased contraction time (Tc). We also investigated some of the muscles belonging to the posterior compartment of the lower leg, namely the medial grastrocnemius (mGM) and the lateral gastrocnemius (mGL). We observed, both in the mGM and mTA, the same significant correlation between the Tc and Dm on the one hand and the P100 wave on the other hand, this correlation being stronger for Dm. These analyses determined the most significant parameters having a diagnostic value, which may reveal changes in a preclinical stage. Conclusions: Exploring MS patients by these two methods of evaluation and correlating the results of these investigations created the basis of a new algorithm for diagnosing and predicting possible motor disorders in these subjects and also set the goals for a rehabilitation program. By identifying the correlations between the TMG and the VEP early on, we can implement precocious rehabilitation program with the purpose of preventing or limiting the gait and balance disorders that may occur in time in patients with MS.
The DMA/GPS Earth Orientation Prediction Service

Abstract : Since mid-1984, the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) has been computing predictions of pole position (x and y) and time difference (UT1-UTC = delta UT) to support the NAVSTAR/GPS orbit determination process. These predictions are based upon the 'derived Earth orientation parameters' published in the U.S. Naval Observatory's Earth Orientation Bulletin (Series 7) and are obtained by fitting these data to a set of models specified in the DMA/GPS Interface Control Document. This paper presents a review of the models and processes by which the Earth orientation predictions are computed at DMA. The results of a study to assess the accuracy of these predictions are also presented. Finally, several proposed methods for improving the prediction accuracies without altering the basic models are discussed and evaluated.
A Robust High Speed Link Design for NoC at 65 nm Technology Node

Network-on-Chip (NoC) architectures provide a scalable solution to the wire delay constraints in deep submicron Very Large Scale Integrated circuit (VLSI) designs. To reduce power consumption and improve performance, we propose in this paper a technique which provides high speed link design by utilizing a compact model for repeater insertion that takes into consideration the interplay between power and delay simultaneously, as opposed to optimizing either power or delay separately. We scaled our proposed work to the 65nm technology node. We compared the proposed architecture with the other popular schemes. Using clock-data adjustment technique and buffer insertion, this new design achieves 1Tbit/s transmission speed with 0.3697 mw/Gb/S and 0.905e-3 mm/Gb/s.
The impact of China's exports on global manufactures prices

This paper analyses the impact of China's exports on the prices of exports from other countries using disaggregated import data in the US, EU and Japan over the 1989-2006 period. Findings from this study suggest that China's exports have affected not just those countries whose competitiveness is largely based on low wages but all country groups in certain products sectors, destination markets and during different time periods. The middle income countries are the most affected by China's export expansion through price competition particularly after the late 1990s as a consequence of China's market expansion, its WTO entry and exchange rate variation. The influence on high-income countries is only in low-technology product sectors and appears to lose its significance in the post-1997 period. The impact on low-income countries is only significant in the medium- and high-tech sectors mostly in the pre-1997 period and this effect weakened over time.
A Survey on Free-Standing Phase Correcting gain enhancement Devices

Free-standing phase-correcting structures are very useful devices for various antenna applications. These devices are usually required to modify the incoming beam from a feeder antenna and transform it to obtain high gain or gain enhancement. The gain of any antenna is directly proportional to the aperture size of that antenna. For gain enhancement, we have to increase the aperture size. Generally this is done by introducing a device of size larger than the feed antenna. The best known application is the reflector antenna. Lens antennas are another example. Lens antennas are also operating like a reflector but in transmission. Gain of an antenna is also increased by using multiple antenna elements in an array configuration. Phasing is an important parameter for these kinds of devices. Maximum broadside gain is achieved with uniform phasing. When such type of control is possible, uniform amplitude as well as a uniform phase will ensure a maximum antenna gain. If we want shaped beam to achieve some specifications, then amplitude and phase can be varied at the price of a gain penalty. This paper focuses on various type of free-standing phase correcting devices of the transmissive type. Although they look physically different, but they have the same operation principle of gain enhancement and phase correction of electromagnetic waves which are propagating through them.
Folded Evanescent-Mode Ridge Waveguide Bandpass Filters

Modeling and design of folded evanescent-mode ridge waveguide bandpass filters are presented. The filter structure is decomposed into the cascade connection of empty-to-ridge waveguide discontinuities. The generalized scattering matrix of the empty-to-ridge waveguide discontinuity is obtained using mode matching method, from which the filter response can be obtained using cascading procedure. The folded coupling junction is ridged to achieve the required coupling value. A filter example is presented to verify the design approach.
Mesozoic stratigraphy of the Marokopa area, southwest Auckland, New Zealand

Abstract The Late Triassic and Jurassic rocks of the Marokopa area, southwest Auckland, form part of the western limb of the Kawhia Syncline. Within the area mapped, the Late Triassic ‐ Early Jurassic Newcastle Group consists of 3100 m of generally fine to very fine sandstone and siltstone with common tuff beds, and occasional coarser sandstones and shellbeds. Faunas are marine, generally sparse to moderate, and dominated by bivalves and brachiopods. The Arawi Shellbed, Ngutunui Formation, Tewharau Formation, Ururoa Shellbed, and Ururoa Formation are recognised. The Middle Jurassic Rengarenga Group marks a change to shallow water, marginal marine, and nonmarine conditions. Lithologies are generally coarse to medium sandstone with abundant fine plant fragments, with occasional pebble‐granule conglomerates, tuffs, and shellbeds. Thin coal and plant beds mark the southern limit of nonmarine conditions in the Rengarenga Group. Fully marine conditions return with the Late Jurassic Kirikiri Group. Oraka Sandsto.
Living conditions and subjective well-being of farmers - An ordered response analysis of regional differences and changes over time

The liberalisation of trade with building down of tariffs and quotas, and with subsequently lower output prices, has enforced considerable structural changes in the agricultural sector. In Norway, both naturally given factors such as climate and topography, and social conditions such as a tradition for small family farms and strong governmental regulations, contribute in making this process even harder on the individual farmer. So how do the farmers respond? National farm statistics show that the amount of cultivated land stays approximately the same even though the number of farm units and agricultural employment falls annually. This implies that both farm size and productivity have increased. In this paper we utilise sample survey data on living conditions in agricultural households to examine whether we can observe changes in farmers ’experienced utility. Have contentment dropped and are there any obvious regional differences in contentment? The data consists of non-overlapping cross-sections for the years 1995 and 2002 and we make use of a standard ordered probability model in the estimations.
Signature Verification on Finger Operated Touchscreen Devices Semester

The increasing number of smartphone users and the involved increased amount of privacy critical information that these users carry around call for improved methods to protect this data. Biometric authentication methods have one important advantage when compared to a password. A biometric trait contains more information, which is harder to copy, steal or reproduce. Modern smartphones are generally touchscreen operated and therefore suitable to acquire hand-written signatures from a user. The goal of this thesis is to implement a signature verification system that is suitable for the finger operated touchscreen devices of today. In the process different signature verification approaches are discussed and finally two separate verification systems are implemented. These are a Dynamic Time Warping based system and a global feature based system which uses a Support Vector Machine for classification. These two systems are finally combined to further increase classification performance.
Analytical solutions of the advection‐dispersion equation for transient groundwater flow. A numerical validation

An analytical transport‐model was developed to simulate the propagation of a contaminant in one‐ and two‐dimensional transient flow in groundwater. It is proved that the distribution of concentration at a given time and for a given discharge is identical to that obtained for a different discharge if the volumetric flux of water is the same in the two cases. The results of simulations have been compared with results obtained using the MT3DMS numerical model. There is good agreement when the calculated concentrations are flux‐weighted concentrations. On the other hand, there is a notable divergence when the resident mode is considered. Resident mode concentrations express the mass per unit volume whereas flux mode concentrations express the ratio of mass flux to fluid flux. The solutions presented in this paper can thus be a useful alternative to code MT3DMS when the objective is to simulate concentrations in transient flow according to a resident mode. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMPROVED RAINFALL/RUNOFF ESTIMATES USING REMOTELY SENSED SOIL MOISTURE 1

ABSTRACT: Remotely sensed soil moisture data measured during the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) experiment in Oklahoma were used to characterize antecedent soil moisture conditions for the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method. The precipitation‐adjusted curve number and the soil moisture were strongly related (r2= 0.70). Remotely sensed soil moisture fields were used to adjust the curve numbers and the runoff estimates for five watersheds, in the Little Washita watershed; the results ranged from 2.8 km2 to 601.6 km2. The soil moisture data were applied at two spatial scales, a finer one (800 m) measuring spatial resolution and a coarser one (28 km). The root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) of the runoff estimated by the standard SCS method was reduced by nearly 50 percent when the 800 m soil moisture data were used to adjust the curve number. The coarser scale soil moisture data also significantly reduced the error in the runoff predictions with 41 percent and 28 percent reductions in MAE and RMSE, respectively. The results suggest that remote sensing of soil moisture, when combined with the SCS method, can improve rainfall runoff predictions at a range of spatial scales.
A Resilient, Untethered Soft Robot

A pneumatically powered, fully untethered mobile soft robot is described. Composites consisting of silicone elastomer, polyaramid fabric, and hollow glass microspheres were used to fabricate a sufficiently large soft robot to carry the miniature air compressors, battery, valves, and controller needed for autonomous operation. Fabrication techniques were developed to mold a 0.65-meter-long soft body with modified Pneu-Net actuators capable of operating at the elevated pressures (up to 138kPa) required to actuate the legs of the robot and hold payloads of up to 8kg. The soft robot is safe to interact with during operation, and its silicone body is innately resilient to a variety of adverse environmental conditions including snow, puddles of water, direct (albeit limited) exposure to flames, and the crushing force of being run over by an automobile.
Cilllia: 3D Printed Micro-Pillar Structures for Surface Texture, Actuation and Sensing

This work presents a method for 3D printing hair-like structures on both flat and curved surfaces. It allows a user to design and fabricate hair geometries that are smaller than 100 micron. We built a software platform to let users quickly define the hair angle, thickness, density, and height. The ability to fabricate customized hair-like structures not only expands the library of 3D-printable shapes, but also enables us to design passive actuators and swipe sensors. We also present several applications that show how the 3D-printed hair can be used for designing everyday interactive objects.
Detection of 3D symmetry axis from fragments of a broken pottery bowl

This paper relates a method to detect three-dimensional (3D) symmetry axis from the fragment of a broken pottery bowl, which is symmetric in the original status (that is, before broken). Firstly, the fragment is extracted from the range image by applying a bias processing, and its contour is detected. Next, the corner points of the 3D fragment are extracted from its contour. Then, the contour of the 3D fragment is separated into 3D curve segments at the corner points, and the partial mouth-edge is determined by reasoning its center coordinates. Finally, by shrinking the range image, a series of partial curves which are in parallel with the partial mouth-edge, is obtained. The symmetry axis is thought as a line passing through the center points of these partial curves, in 3D space. We tested this method by using the real-world range data. The experiment results are satisfactory.
Dynamic location management and activity-based mobility modelling for cellular networks

The challenge of supporting rapidly growing numbers of mobile subscribers, while constrained by limited radio spectrum, is being faced by cellular network operators worldwide. The standard technique for cellular networks is to decrease radio cell size, thereby maintaining a supportable subscriber density. However, smaller cell sizes result in increased signalling for location management procedures, which reduces the bandwidth available for user tra c. Location management is an essential function in cellular networks that allows the network to maintain the position of subscribers, in terms of location areas. Location areas in current systems, such as GSM, consist of static and arbitrarily-de ned collections of cells, which do not take into account individual subscriber mobility patterns, either in space or time. Consequently, performance su ers signi cantly in terms of signalling requirements. A location management algorithm is proposed which uses the mobility history of individual subscribers to dynamically create individualized location areas, based on previous movements from cell to cell. The average visit duration in each cell is also maintained and is used to de ne paging areas, or subsets of the location area which are most likely to contain the subscriber. To test the proposed algorithm, a stochastic mobility model was developed based on daily sequences of activities and their associated durations and locations. The mobility model outputs the cells traversed by a subscriber over time. A call arrival distribution, together with the mobility model, provided a simulation framework used to compare the proposed algorithm with variations of the static location management scheme. Overall, the dynamic algorithm generated signi cantly lower location management costs, in terms of signalling messages generated, for all parameters examined. The pro-