Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiential values over time – a comparison of measures of satisfaction and emotion

This paper reports on a longitudinal, quantitative study of the effects of satisfaction and emotions on future behavioural intention. A review of the literature identifies growing evidence of the effects of an individual's emotional state on consumption decisions. There is evidence that measures of satisfaction are poor predictors of repeat buying behaviour, and this may be due to their failure to adequately incorporate an affective element. In this study, 352 graduates who attended a graduation ceremony were tracked over a period of six months and their level of satisfaction, and the emotions evoked by the experience of attending their ceremony were recorded. Satisfaction was observed to be a poor predictor of an individual's likelihood of recommending attendance at a future graduation ceremony to a friend. Furthermore, satisfaction had a declining effect over time. However, the level of positive emotions evoked after six months continued to be strongly associated with behavioural intention. This paper informs methodologies for measuring customer satisfaction, which have traditionally been undertaken immediately after a service encounter, but evidence is presented that a survey undertaken closer to the next point of consumption decisions/recommendation may be a more valid and managerially useful measure.
Factors that Predict Married Partners' Disclosures about Infertility to Social Network Members

This study draws upon the revelation risk model and the disclosure decision-making model to deduce hypotheses linking perceived stigma, communication efficacy, and relational closeness to married partners’ tendencies to disclose information about their infertility experiences to members of the couple's social network. Data from 50 couples reporting on disclosures to a total of 250 social network members were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results indicated that aspects of stigma, communication efficacy, and closeness impact infertility-related disclosures. The discussion highlights how the application of these theories sheds light on the multiple factors that influence the extent to which husbands and wives engage their social network when coping with infertility.
Highly scalable trip grouping for large-scale collective transportation systems

Transportation-related problems, like road congestion, parking, and pollution, are increasing in most cities. In order to reduce traffic, recent work has proposed methods for vehicle sharing, for example for sharing cabs by grouping "closeby" cab requests and thus minimizing transportation cost and utilizing cab space. However, the methods published so far do not scale to large data volumes, which is necessary to facilitate large-scale collective transportation systems, e.g., ride-sharing systems for large cities. This paper presents highly scalable trip grouping algorithms, which generalize previous techniques and support input rates that can be orders of magnitude larger. The following three contributions make the grouping algorithms scalable. First, the basic grouping algorithm is expressed as a continuous stream query in a data stream management system to allow for a very large flow of requests. Second, following the divide-and-conquer paradigm, four space-partitioning policies for dividing the input data stream into sub-streams are developed and implemented using continuous stream queries. Third, using the partitioning policies, parallel implementations of the grouping algorithm in a parallel computing environment are described. Extensive experimental results show that the parallel implementation using simple adaptive partitioning methods can achieve speed-ups of several orders of magnitude without significantly degrading the quality of the grouping.
Bag-of-features for image memorability evaluation

Image memorability represents the degree to which images are remembered or forgotten after a period of time. Studying image memorability in computer vision is the task of finding special characteristics in memorable images, in order to develop a representative model of this type of images. Several approaches have been realised to examine features that can affect image memorability. In this study, the authors use bag-of-features as another kind of visual feature descriptor to assess image memorability. The authors’ method based on bag-of-visual-words (BoVWs) technique involves four main steps. First, the authors extract local image features from regions/points of interest which are automatically detected. Then, they encode these local features by mapping them to a created visual vocabulary. Later, the authors apply features pooling and normalisation techniques to obtain image BoVW representation. Finally, the authors use this representation to examine image memorability as a problem of classification. They present different implementation choices for each step and compare reached results. The authors’ method performs best significant results in comparison with other approaches found in literature.
Beyond the written words of informed consent: What participants would like to know about research

Informing the participants about the research is an essential part of the activities planned and accomplished in research projects in any field, including psychological sciences. Research teams, scientific associations, and universities have increasingly equipped themselves with tools (the informed consent) that help accomplish this activity. Drawing on three different qualitative studies, we focus our analysis on both the information found in the consent sheets concerning the study aims and procedures and the questions raised by participants on the same topics while talking with the researcher. Considering informed consents as cultural artifacts, we discuss the importance of designing them in such a way that would make them more sensitive to the participants’ information demands, and not only to the researchers’ community needs.
The nuclease activities of both the Smr domain and an additional LDLK motif are required for an efficient anti‐recombination function of Helicobacter pylori MutS2

Helicobacter pylori, a human pathogen, is a naturally and constitutively competent bacteria, displaying a high rate of intergenomic recombination. While recombination events are essential for evolution and adaptation of H. pylori to dynamic gastric niches and new hosts, such events should be regulated tightly to maintain genomic integrity. Here, we analyze the role of the nuclease activity of MutS2, a protein that limits recombination during transformation in H. pylori. In previously studied MutS2 proteins, the C‐terminal Smr domain was mapped as the region responsible for its nuclease activity. We report here that deletion of Smr domain does not completely abolish the nuclease activity of HpMutS2. Using bioinformatics analysis and mutagenesis, we identified an additional and novel nuclease motif (LDLK) at the N‐terminus of HpMutS2 unique to Helicobacter and related ε‐proteobacterial species. A single point mutation (D30A) in the LDLK motif and the deletion of Smr domain resulted in ∼ 5–10‐fold loss of DNA cleavage ability of HpMutS2. Interestingly, the mutant forms of HpMutS2 wherein the LDLK motif was mutated or the Smr domain was deleted were unable to complement the hyper‐recombination phenotype of a mutS2− strain, suggesting that both nuclease sites are indispensable for an efficient anti‐recombinase activity of HpMutS2.
Recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists clinical practice guideline update.

PURPOSE To update the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing and its utility as a predictive marker in invasive breast cancer. METHODS ASCO/CAP convened an Update Committee that included coauthors of the 2007 guideline to conduct a systematic literature review and update recommendations for optimal HER2 testing. RESULTS The Update Committee identified criteria and areas requiring clarification to improve the accuracy of HER2 testing by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or in situ hybridization (ISH). The guideline was reviewed and approved by both organizations. RECOMMENDATIONS The Update Committee recommends that HER2 status (HER2 negative or positive) be determined in all patients with invasive (early stage or recurrence) breast cancer on the basis of one or more HER2 test results (negative, equivocal, or positive). Testing criteria define HER2-positive status when (on observing within an area of tumor that amounts to >10% of contiguous and homogeneous tumor cells) there is evidence of protein overexpression (IHC) or gene amplification (HER2 copy number or HER2/CEP17 ratio by ISH based on counting at least 20 cells within the area). If results are equivocal (revised criteria), reflex testing should be performed using an alternative assay (IHC or ISH). Repeat testing should be considered if results seem discordant with other histopathologic findings. Laboratories should demonstrate high concordance with a validated HER2 test on a sufficiently large and representative set of specimens. Testing must be performed in a laboratory accredited by CAP or another accrediting entity. The Update Committee urges providers and health systems to cooperate to ensure the highest quality testing.
Exploiting Phone Numbers and Cross-Application Features in Targeted Mobile Attacks

Smartphones have fueled a shift in the way we communicate with each other via Instant Messaging. With the convergence of Internet and telephony, new Over-The-Top (OTT) messaging applications (e.g., WhatsApp, Viber, WeChat etc.) have emerged as an important means of communication for millions of users. These applications use phone numbers as the only means of authentication and are becoming an attractive medium for attackers to deliver spam and carry out more targeted attacks. The universal reach of telephony along with its past trusted nature makes phone numbers attractive identifiers for reaching potential attack targets. In this paper, we explore the feasibility, automation, and scalability of a variety of targeted attacks that can be carried out by abusing phone numbers. These attacks can be carried out on different channels viz. OTT messaging applications, voice, e-mail, or SMS. We demonstrate a novel system that takes a phone number as an input, leverages information from applications like Truecaller and Facebook about the victim and his / her social network, checks the presence of phone number's owner (victim) on the attack channel (OTT messaging applications, voice, e-mail, or SMS), and finally targets the victim on the chosen attack channel. As a proof of concept, we enumerated through a random pool of 1.16 million phone numbers and demonstrated that targeted attacks could be crafted against the owners of 255,873 phone numbers by exploiting cross-application features. Due to the significantly increased user engagement via new mediums of communication like OTT messaging applications and ease with which phone numbers allow collection of pertinent information, there is a clear need for better protection of applications that rely on phone numbers.
The effects of intracranial volume adjustment approaches on multiple regional MRI volumes in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease

In neurodegeneration research, normalization of regional volumes by intracranial volume (ICV) is important to estimate the extent of disease-driven atrophy. There is little agreement as to whether raw volumes, volume-to-ICV fractions or regional volumes from which the ICV factor has been regressed out should be used for volumetric brain imaging studies. Using multiple regional cortical and subcortical volumetric measures generated by Freesurfer (51 in total), the main aim of this study was to elucidate the implications of these adjustment approaches. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were analyzed from two large cohorts, the population-based PIVUS cohort (N = 406, all subjects age 75) and the Alzheimer disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (N = 724). Further, we studied whether the chosen ICV normalization approach influenced the relationship between hippocampus and cognition in the three diagnostic groups of the ADNI cohort (Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and healthy individuals). The ability of raw vs. adjusted hippocampal volumes to predict diagnostic status was also assessed. In both cohorts raw volumes correlate positively with ICV, but do not scale directly proportionally with it. The correlation direction is reversed for all volume-to-ICV fractions, except the lateral and third ventricles. Most gray matter fractions are larger in females, while lateral ventricle fractions are greater in males. Residual correction effectively eliminated the correlation between the regional volumes and ICV and removed gender differences. The association between hippocampal volumes and cognition was not altered by ICV normalization. Comparing prediction of diagnostic status using the different approaches, small but significant differences were found. The choice of normalization approach should be carefully considered when designing a volumetric brain imaging study.
“I Listened to Korean Society. I Always Heard that Women Should be this Way …”: The Negotiation and Construction of Gendered Identities in Claiming a Dominant Language and Race in the United States

Based on a year-long, qualitative study of five East Asian women, pre-service teachers enrolled in U.S. Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) teacher education programs, this article examines one Korean woman's journey as she navigates through her multiple identities as a daughter, spouse, mother, and language teacher inside and outside of Korea and the United States. In narrative accounts audiotaped during in-depth interviews conducted over a period of seven months, Han Nah shared experiences that have been shaped by her gendered identities while also being transformed by these identities. Han Nah's identities are viewed as a site of struggle in multiple contexts: (1) Han Nah was influenced by how her parents positioned her as a traditional Korean woman in the larger Korean patriarchal society, which in turn impacted her own decisions navigating through both Korean and U.S. educational and professional contexts; and (2) Han Nah's “mothering” and “spousal” identities influenced and somewhat superseded her professional aspirations, which led Han Nah to claim her dominant language and race in the Western educational system. This article concludes with TESOL teacher education implications.
Random recurrent networks near criticality capture the broadband power distribution of human ECoG dynamics

The power spectrum of brain electric field potential recordings is dominated by an arrhythmic broadband signal but a mechanistic account of its underlying neural network dynamics is lacking. Here we show how the broadband power spectrum of field potential recordings can be explained by a simple random network of nodes near criticality. Such a recurrent network produces activity with a combination of a fast and a slow autocorrelation time constant, with the fast mode corresponding to local dynamics and the slow mode resulting from recurrent excitatory connections across the network. These modes are combined to produce a power spectrum similar to that observed in human intracranial EEG (i.e., electrocorticography, ECoG) recordings. Moreover, such a network naturally converts input correlations across nodes into temporal autocorrelation of the network activity. Consequently, increased independence between nodes results in a reduction in low-frequency power, which offers a possible explanation for observed changes in ECoG power spectra during task performance. Lastly, changes in network coupling produce changes in network activity power spectra reminiscent of those seen in human ECoG recordings across different arousal states. This model thus links macroscopic features of the empirical ECoG power spectrum to a parsimonious underlying network structure and proposes potential mechanisms for changes in ECoG power spectra observed across behavioral and arousal states. This provides a computational framework within which to generate and test hypotheses about the cellular and network mechanisms underlying whole brain electrical dynamics, their variations across behavioral states as well as abnormalities associated with brain diseases.
SIMPLE CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES FOR NON-METRIC CAMERAS

Architectural documentation is carried out mostly with (analogue or digital) non-metric cameras or video-cameras. Unknown internal geometry is a main problem in this context, particularly for wide-angle lenses with their considerable amount of distortion. Self-calibrating bundle adjustment or 3D test-field calibration may provide straightforward answers to this problem, yet on occasions such steps can prove too complicated or costly for ordinary users. Hence, this paper discusses the use of simple pre-calibration approaches. Practical examples with wide-angle lenses are first given to illustrate that, in general, use of “nominal” values for the camera constant and the principal point causes no significant problem in most cases of low or moderate accuracy requirements. These same examples, however, reveal the marked effects of radial distortion. This is a main problem which needs to be controlled, even in the simple and most popular among users method of rectification (for which knowledge of the primary interior orientation parameters is irrelevant). Here, simple approaches for determining radial distortion are presented and assessed, ranging from the use of linear features on manmade objects to rectification of regular grids and its various alternatives. On the other hand, the easiest approach for full camera calibration is probably by the common adjustment of images of targeted 2D objects taken under different viewing angles. In the results given the described methods for determining radial distortion have also been evaluated. In conclusion, both the merits and limitations of the discussed simple calibration techniques are outlined but also a gross distinction between analogue and digital camera is made.
Virtual coil concept for improved parallel MRI employing conjugate symmetric signals

A new approach for utilizing conjugate k‐space symmetry for improved parallel MRI performance is presented. By generating virtual coils containing conjugate symmetric k‐space signals from actual coils, additional image‐ and coil‐phase information can be incorporated into the reconstruction process for parallel acquisition techniques. In that way the reconstruction conditions are improved, resulting in less noise enhancement. In particular in combination with generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA), the virtual coil concept represents a practical approach since no explicit spatial phase information is required. In addition, the influence of phase variations originating from the complex receiver coils as well as from the background is investigated. It is shown that there exist background phase distributions yielding an optimized pMRI reconstruction. Magn Reson Med 61:93–102, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intuitions and introspections about imagery: the role of imagery experience in shaping an investigator's theoretical views

Early in a scientific debate, before much evidence has accumulated, why are some scientists inclined toward one position and other scientists toward the opposite position? We explore this issue with a focus on scientists' views of the ‘imagery debate’ that unfolded in Cognitive Science during the late 1970s and early 1980s. We examine the possibility that, during the early years of this debate, researchers' views were shaped by their own conscious experiences with imagery. Consistent with this suggestion, a survey of 150 psychologists, philosophers, and neuroscientists showed that those who experienced their own visual imagery as vivid and picture-like recall being more sympathetic in 1980 to the view that, in general, images are picture-like. Similarly, those who have vivid images and who regularly use their images in cognition were more inclined to believe that issues of image vividness deserve more research. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients' perceptions of general dental practitioners: The influence of ethnicity and sex of dentist

A total of 126 participants were asked to select, from a series of photographs, the dentist which they perceived as: most caring, most competent, and which they would wish to have as their own dentist. White European male dentists were most likely to be chosen as the respondents’ general dental practitioner. Men were generally perceived as more competent than women. Women were more likely to be chosen as the most caring dentists. It is con cluded that, in the absence of other information, sex and ethnicity of the dentist exert an influ ence on patients’ perceptions of general dental practitioners.
Aha1 Binds to the Middle Domain of Hsp90, Contributes to Client Protein Activation, and Stimulates the ATPase Activity of the Molecular Chaperone*

The ATP-dependent molecular chaperone Hsp90 is an essential and abundant stress protein in the eukaryotic cytosol that cooperates with a cohort of cofactors/cochaperones to fulfill its cellular tasks. We have identified Aha1 (activator of Hsp90 ATPase) and its relative Hch1 (high copy Hsp90 suppressor) as binding partners of Hsp90 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By using genetic and biochemical approaches, the middle domain of Hsp90 (amino acids 272–617) was found to mediate the interaction with Aha1 and Hch1. Data base searches revealed that homologues of Aha1 are conserved from yeast to man, whereas Hch1 was found to be restricted to lower eukaryotes like S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans. In experiments with purified proteins, Aha1 but not Hch1 stimulated the intrinsic ATPase activity of Hsp90 5-fold. To establish their cellular role further, we deleted the genes encoding Aha1 and Hch1 in S. cerevisiae. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Aha1 and Hch1 contributed to efficient activation of the heterologous Hsp90 client protein v-Src. Moreover, Aha1 and Hch1 became crucial for cell viability under non-optimal growth conditions when Hsp90 levels are limiting. Thus, our results identify a novel type of cofactor involved in the regulation of the molecular chaperone Hsp90.
The effect of time trial cycling position on physiological and aerodynamic variables

Abstract To reduce aerodynamic resistance cyclists lower their torso angle, concurrently reducing Peak Power Output (PPO). However, realistic torso angle changes in the range used by time trial cyclists have not yet been examined. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of torso angle on physiological parameters and frontal area in different commonly used time trial positions. Nineteen well-trained male cyclists performed incremental tests on a cycle ergometer at five different torso angles: their preferred torso angle and at 0, 8, 16 and 24°. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide expiration, minute ventilation, gross efficiency, PPO, heart rate, cadence and frontal area were recorded. The frontal area provides an estimate of the aerodynamic drag. Overall, results showed that lower torso angles attenuated performance. Maximal values of all variables, attained in the incremental test, decreased with lower torso angles (P < 0.001). The 0° torso angle position significantly affected the metabolic and physiological variables compared to all other investigated positions. At constant submaximal intensities of 60, 70 and 80% PPO, all variables significantly increased with increasing intensity (P < 0.0001) and decreasing torso angle (P < 0.005). This study shows that for trained cyclists there should be a trade-off between the aerodynamic drag and physiological functioning.