Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measures of Total Energy Expenditure and Its Components Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Rehabilitating Burn Children

Background: A persistent hypermetabolic state delays anabolism and growth in burned children. However, our own clinical experience has been that resting energy expenditure (REE) is not increased during the rehabilitative phase, suggesting other contributing factors. We measured total energy expenditure (TEE) and its components in rehabilitating pediatric burn patients to identify the basis for accelerated energy metabolism in this population. Materials and Methods: Children admitted with initial burns of 20% of their total body surface area (TBSA) or greater were enrolled into this prospective, descriptive study. TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water method over a 7-day period. During that period, REE was measured on 2 days by indirect calorimetry. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was assessed using a physical activity monitoring device for a 24-hour period. TEE and REE were compared with sex-specific, age-matched, and weight-matched norms using the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) standards. Results: Ten children with an average burn size of 53.7% ± 20% (range, 27%–82%) of TBSA completed this study. Their mean age and weight were 10.4 ± 5.5 years and 35.8 ± 16.4 kg, respectively. Daily TEE averaged 66 kcal/kg and was 1.08% of reference DRI. REE was 92% ± 25% of predicted basal metabolic rate, not exceeding 120% as a maximum value in any child. Conclusions: TEE and REE in rehabilitating burn children are comparable to reference standards. Increased REE was not typical in our population, but measures of AEE were commonly high.
Comparison of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Performance in Metallic and All-Dielectric Metamaterials

Analogs of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in metamaterial have undoubtedly become a research hotspot in recent years. In this paper, we summarized some of the literature on EIT published to date and compared their performance. Then, we designed two kinds of metamaterials using aluminum and silicon. Both have the similar glasses-shaped structure of a periodic lattice with one bar resonator and two split ring resonators. We analyzed and compared the EIT performance in the near infrared waveband of these two metamaterials. The metallic EIT metamaterials with large radiation loss and ohmic heat loss have a smaller Q-factor than the dielectric counterpart with less energy loss, while having a higher sensitivity toward the ambient refractive index. The Q-factor of our designed aluminum metamaterial and silicon metamaterial are 10.06 and 412.6, respectively. Their sensitivities are 1642.97 nm/RIU and 433.05 nm/RIU, respectively, which are higher than most of their counterparts in the same waveband in the other literature. For the application of slow light, the dielectric metamaterials with higher Q-factor are far superior to the metallic metamaterials in the same waveband and comparable propagation distance. The group index of the aluminum metamaterial is 42.9, and the group delay is 0.01 ps in the near infrared waveband. For the silicon metamaterial, the group index is approximately 1907.1, and the group delay is 0.89 ps within the transmission window in the near infrared waveband; these values are both higher than most counterparts in the same waveband in other literature. The EIT metamaterials that we designed have excellent performance, and to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first detailed comparison of EIT metamaterials made of dielectric and metal with similar structure; this paper may have certain instructive meaning for further research on metamaterial analogues of EIT in the future.
Secure remote reprogramming of implantable medical devices ∗

In the last years, there has been a technological revolution that has lead to important advances in the medical industry, such as remote monitoring systems for observing the patient’s health status when they are at home. Similarly, in the near future, remote reprogramming systems will revolutionize the health care industry, allowing doctors to (re)program medical implants of a patient being at home. However, as remote reprogramming systems perform actions that could endanger the patient’s life, they must also deploy strong security mechanisms to protect against different types of (wireless) attack. Therefore, in this paper we propose a secure key management solution that can be used to bootstrap the cryptographic algorithms that are needed to create a secure channel between the doctor and the patient’s implant. Our security solution combines biometrics and cryptography and only requires limited user interaction.
Immunohistochemical characterization of feline lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis

OBJECTIVE To characterize the immune cells present in different forms of feline anterior uveitis. SAMPLES Eyes were obtained from 49 cats diagnosed with chronic idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic anterior uveitis, 7 cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), and 9 cats euthanized for nonocular disease. METHODS H&E sections were scored on the level of infiltrate in the anterior uvea. Immunohistochemistry was performed for FoxP3, CD3, and IL-17A, and positive cells were quantified in multiple images of each sample. A generalized estimating equation tested for an association between the level of inflammation and the prevalence of these cell types. RESULTS Cells stained positive for IL-17A in idiopathic uveitis but not in FIP samples. We found significantly fewer FoxP3+ and CD3+ cells in low-grade compared with high-grade inflammation in idiopathic uveitis or FIP samples (P values all <.005), but no difference between FIP and high-grade samples. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic, but not FIP-associated, uveitis appears to have Th17 cell involvement. The numbers of FoxP3+ and CD3+ T-cells present appear directly correlated; thus, the severity of disease does not appear directly determined by the numbers of regulatory cells.
PIHVI: Online Forum Posting Analysis with Interactive Hierarchical Visualisation

We introduce PIHVI: a novel interactive system for visualizing and exploring a large hierarchical text corpus of online forum postings. The main view of the visual interface shows a largescale scatter plot, created by flexible nonlinear dimensionality reduction based on text contents of the postings, and we couple it with a coloring optimized by a second dimensionality reduction to represent the forum hierarchy. We exploit the hierarchy to provide data-driven summaries of plot areas at multiple levels of detail, allowing the user to quickly see and compare both the content-based similarity of groups of posts and how near they arise in the forum hierarchy. A user can move between hierarchy levels, mark posts or spots of interest, filter posts by content similarity and by location within the hierarchy, and inspect post contents. Experiments show the interface can reveal hidden semantic relationships between postings that would be hard to find based on the known hierarchy alone. ACM Classification
A sparse representation-based approach for copy-move image forgery detection in smooth regions

Copy-move image forgery is the act of cloning a restricted region in the image and pasting it once or multiple times within that same image. This procedure intends to cover a certain feature, probably a person or an object, in the processed image or emphasize it through duplication. Consequences of this malicious operation can be unexpectedly harmful. Hence, the present paper proposes a new approach that automatically detects Copy-move Forgery (CMF). In particular, this work broaches a widely common open issue in CMF research literature that is detecting CMF within smooth areas. Indeed, the proposed approach represents the image blocks as a sparse linear combination of pre-learned bases (a mixture of texture and color-wise small patches) which allows a robust description of smooth patches. The reported experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in identifying the forged regions in CM attacks.
Memristor‐based voltage‐controlled relaxation oscillators

This paper introduces two voltage‐controlled memristor‐based reactance‐less oscillators with analytical and circuit simulations. Two different topologies which are R‐M and M‐R are discussed as a function of the reference voltage where the generalized formulas of the oscillation frequency and conditions for oscillation for each topology are derived. The effect of the reference voltage on the circuit performance is studied and validated through different examples using PSpice simulations. A memristor‐based voltage‐controlled oscillator (VCO) is introduced as an application for the proposed circuits which is nano‐size and more efficient compared to the conventional VCOs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air pollution, deprivation and health: understanding relationships to add value to local air quality management policy and practice in Wales, UK

Background Air pollution exposure reduces life expectancy. Air pollution, deprivation and poor‐health status combinations can create increased and disproportionate disease burdens. Problems and solutions are rarely considered in a broad public health context, but doing so can add value to air quality management efforts by reducing air pollution risks, impacts and inequalities. Methods An ecological study assessed small‐area associations between air pollution (nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter), deprivation status and health outcomes in Wales, UK. Results Air pollution concentrations were highest in ‘most’ deprived areas. When considered separately, deprivation‐health associations were stronger than air pollution‐health associations. Considered simultaneously, air pollution added to deprivation‐health associations; interactions between air pollution and deprivation modified and strengthened associations with all‐cause and respiratory disease mortality, especially in ‘most’ deprived areas where most‐vulnerable people lived and where health needs were greatest. Conclusion There is a need to reduce air pollution‐related risks for all. However, it is also the case that greater health gains can result from considering local air pollution problems and solutions in the context of wider health‐determinants and acting on a better understanding of relationships. Informed and co‐ordinated air pollution mitigation and public health action in high deprivation and pollution areas can reduce risks and inequalities. To achieve this, greater public health integration and collaboration in local air quality management policy and practice is needed.
Nature of events and alcohol-related content in marketing materials at a university freshers’ fair: a summative content analysis

Introduction The transition to university is a potentially influential time upon students' drinking behaviour. This study explored the nature of activities and alcohol-related content in marketing materials from student-led societies and local businesses provided to students, at a university freshers' fair in the UK. Methods All marketing materials handed out at the fair were collected across the 5-day event in September 2015. Written and visual content was analysed using a summative qualitative content analysis. Results Most student-led societies promoted social events they were hosting (n = 530), most of which took place in a drinking venue or referred to drinking (n = 335). Only four explicitly alcohol-free events were promoted. Student-led societies also promoted activities relating to their interest, e.g. sports training (n = 519), a small proportion of which had references to drinking and drinking venues (n = 54). Three societies provided promotional handouts from local bars or nightclubs. Local bars, pubs and nightclubs promoted events they hosted (n = 81) as well as alcoholic drink promotions (n = 79) and alcohol branded advertising (n = 22), albeit infrequently for the latter. Conclusions In the first week of university, students are exposed to alcohol-related events, promotions and advertising, which may act as an incentive to participate in drinking.
The MIMIC Code Repository: enabling reproducibility in critical care research

Abstract Objective Lack of reproducibility in medical studies is a barrier to the generation of a robust knowledge base to support clinical decision-making. In this paper we outline the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) Code Repository, a centralized code base for generating reproducible studies on an openly available critical care dataset. Materials and Methods Code is provided to load the data into a relational structure, create extractions of the data, and reproduce entire analysis plans including research studies. Results Concepts extracted include severity of illness scores, comorbid status, administrative definitions of sepsis, physiologic criteria for sepsis, organ failure scores, treatment administration, and more. Executable documents are used for tutorials and reproduce published studies end-to-end, providing a template for future researchers to replicate. The repository’s issue tracker enables community discussion about the data and concepts, allowing users to collaboratively improve the resource. Discussion The centralized repository provides a platform for users of the data to interact directly with the data generators, facilitating greater understanding of the data. It also provides a location for the community to collaborate on necessary concepts for research progress and share them with a larger audience. Consistent application of the same code for underlying concepts is a key step in ensuring that research studies on the MIMIC database are comparable and reproducible. Conclusion By providing open source code alongside the freely accessible MIMIC-III database, we enable end-to-end reproducible analysis of electronic health records.
Craving as a DSM-5 Symptom of Alcohol Use Disorder in Non-Treatment Seekers

Aims DSM-5 has added craving as a new criterion and changed the diagnostic structure of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Though craving has long been a target of intervention, less is known about the impact this addition will have on prevalence and factor structure of AUD, particularly in non-treatment seeker with alcohol problems. Methods Non-treatment seeking individuals reporting alcohol-related problems (N = 296) completed a structured clinical interview and the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS). PACS scores greater than 20 were considered to meet diagnostic criteria for the alcohol craving symptom. This study examined DSM-IV to DSM-5 diagnostic conversion and conducted an exploratory factor analysis to test the factor structure of the DSM-5 symptoms, including craving. Results The mean PACS score was 13.1 and alcohol craving was strongly correlated with other measures of alcohol use. Using the proposed cut-off score of PACS > 20, 46 participants (16.2%) met criteria for alcohol craving. Craving loaded moderately (0.47) onto the retained DSM symptoms and produced a unidimensional factor structure. The majority of participants who met for a DSM-IV AUD also met for a DSM-5 AUD (98.8%). Conclusions Craving prevalence using the PACS was relatively low compared to the remaining 10 DSM-5 symptoms, possibly due to the non-treatment seeking nature of the sample. Conversion of DSM-IV to DSM-5 in this sample led to a small increase in overall AUD prevalence. Craving loaded well onto a single factor structure for AUD.
THERMAL ASSAULT AND POLYURETHANE FOAM - EVALUATING PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS FOR TRANSPORT CONTAINERS i

Rigid polyurethane foam used as Over-pack in transport containers, utilizes a variety of mechanisms to mitigate the thermal assault of a “regulatory burn. ” Polymer-specific heat and foam k-factor are of limited usefulness in predicting payload protection. Properly formulated rigid polyurethane foam, as a consequence of its pyrolysis can provide additional safeguards. These ablative mechanisms are effective even when the foam has been crushed or fractured as a result of trauma. The dissociative transitions from polymer to gas and char, and the resulting gas-transport of heat from inside the package out into the environment, are efficient thermal mitigators. Also important is the in-situ production of an intumescent, insulative, carbonaceous char that confers thermal protection even when a package’s outer steel skin has been breached. In our test program, 19 liter (Five gallon) steel pails were filled with protective foams and then exposed on one face to the flame of an “Oil Burner” as described in the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) “Aircraft Materials Fire Test Handbook”. When burning #2 diesel at a nominal rate of 18.5 pounds (8.39 kg)/hr, the burner generates a dirty, high emissivity flame that impinges the pail face with the thermal intensity of a full-scale pool-fire environment. Results of these tests, along with Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis on the subject foams are reported, and their relevance to full size packages and pool-fires are discussed.
Personalized Hypertension Management Using Patient-Generated Health Data Integrated With Electronic Health Records (EMPOWER-H): Six-Month Pre-Post Study

Background EMPOWER-H (Engaging and Motivating Patients Online With Enhanced Resources-Hypertension) is a personalized-care model facilitating engagement in hypertension self-management utilizing an interactive Web-based disease management system integrated with the electronic health record. The model is designed to support timely patient-provider interaction by incorporating decision support technology to individualize care and provide personalized feedback for patients with chronic disease. Central to this process were patient-generated health data, including blood pressure (BP), weight, and lifestyle behaviors, which were uploaded using a smartphone. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the program among patients within primary care already under management for hypertension and with uncontrolled BP. Methods Using a 6-month pre-post design, outcome measures included office-measured and home-monitored BP, office-measured weight, intervention contacts, diet, physical activity, smoking, knowledge, and health-related quality of life. Results At 6 months, 55.9% of participants (N=149) achieved office BP goals (<140/90 mm Hg; P<.001) and 86.0% achieved clinically meaningful reduction in office BP (reduction in systolic BP [SBP] ≥5 mm Hg or diastolic BP [DBP] ≥3 mm Hg). At baseline, 25.2% of participants met home BP goals (<135/85 mm Hg), and this percentage significantly increased to 71.4% (P<.001) at 6 months. EMPOWER-H also significantly reduced both office and home SBP and DBP, decreased office-measured weight and consumption of high-salt and high-fat foods (all P<.005), and increased intake of fruit and vegetables, minutes of aerobic exercise, and hypertension knowledge (all P<.05). Patients with higher home BP upload frequencies had significantly higher odds of achieving home BP goals. Patients receiving more total intervention, behavioral, pharmaceutical contacts had significantly lower odds of achieving home BP goals but higher improvements in office BP (all P<.05). Conclusions EMPOWER-H significantly improved participants’ office-measured and home-monitored BP, weight, and lifestyle behaviors, suggesting that technologically enabled BP home-monitoring, with structured use of patient-generated health data and a personalized care-plan facilitating patient engagement, can support effective clinical management. The experience gained in this study provides support for the feasibility and value of using carefully managed patient-generated health data in the day-to-day clinical management of patients with chronic conditions. A large-scale, real-world study to evaluate sustained effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and scalability is warranted.
Disaster Preparedness among Health Professionals and Support Staff: What is Effective? An Integrative Literature Review

Abstract Introduction It is important that health professionals and support staff are prepared for disasters to safeguard themselves and the community during disasters. There has been a significantly heightened focus on disasters since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 in New York (USA); however, despite this, it is evident that health professionals and support staff may not be adequately prepared for disasters. Report An integrative literature review was performed based on a keyword search of the major health databases for primary research evaluating preparedness of health professionals and support staff. The literature was quality appraised using a mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT), and a thematic analysis was completed to identify current knowledge and gaps. Discussion The main themes identified were: health professionals and support staff may not be fully prepared for disasters; the most effective content and methods for disaster preparedness is unknown; and the willingness of health professionals and support staff to attend work and perform during disasters needs further evaluation. Gaps were identified to guide further research and the creation of new knowledge to best prepare for disasters. These included the need for: high-quality research to evaluate the best content and methods of disaster preparedness; inclusion of the multi-disciplinary health care team as participants; preparation for internal disasters; the development of validated competencies for preparedness; validated tools for measurement; and the importance of performance in actual disasters to evaluate preparation. Conclusion The literature identified that all types of disaster preparedness activities lead to improvements in knowledge, skills, or attitude preparedness for disasters. Most studies focused on external disasters and the preparedness of medical, nursing, public health, or paramedic professionals. There needs to be a greater focus on the whole health care team, including allied health professionals and support staff, for both internal and external disasters. Evaluation during real disasters and the use of validated competencies and tools to deliver and evaluate disaster preparedness will enhance knowledge of best practice preparedness. However, of the 36 research articles included in this review, only five were rated at 100% using the MMAT. Due to methodological weakness of the research reviewed, the findings cannot be generalized, nor can the most effective method be determined. GowingJR, WalkerKN, ElmerSL, CummingsEA. Disaster preparedness among health professionals and support staff: what is effective? An integrative literature review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(3):321–328.
Non-Newtonian effects on ink-jet droplet formation

In this report we present a simple mathematical model for the formation and possible breakup of ink-jet droplets. The formation of the droplet is based on an energy argument. The evolution of the droplet tail is modelled by a one-dimensional axis-symmetric non-Newtonian liquid filament. A simple power-law formula is used for the elongational viscosity. Numerical simulations are presented and effect of the elongational viscosity on the tail evolution and breakup is investigated.