Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Support vector one-class classification for multiple-distribution data

One-class support vector algorithms such as One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) and Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) often perform poorly with multi-distributed data. Because in the one-class classification context, only the target class is well represented, the classification problem is ill-posed and the task is more a class description or a class density estimation problem. To deal with multi-distributed data, we propose in this paper the Multi-Cluster One-Class Support Vector Machine (MCOS) algorithm, which first clusters the data and then applies a one-class support vector algorithm on each cluster separately. A test sample is then classified by using the corresponding local description. K-means clustering and a dendogram based clustering methods are tested and classification results are presented for synthetic and real world data by using the MCOS. Experiments show that in many cases, MCOS outperforms the OCSVM algorithm.
The Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Personality

The study of the biological basis of personality is a timely research endeavor, with the aim of deepening our understanding of human nature. In recent years, a growing body of research has investigated the role of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the context of individual differences across human beings, with a focus on personality traits. A large number of different approaches have been chosen to illuminate the role of BDNF for personality, ranging from the measurement of BDNF in the serum/plasma to molecular genetics to (genetic) brain imaging. The present review provides the reader with an overview of the current state of affairs in the context of BDNF and personality.
Patterns of Export Diversification in Developing Countries: Intensive and Extensive Margins

This paper uses highly disaggregated trade data to investigate geographic and product diversification patterns across a group of developing nations for the period from 1990 to 2005. The econometric investigation shows that the gravity equation fits the observed differences in diversification across nations. The analysis shows that exports at the intensive margin account for the most important share of overall trade growth. At the extensive margin, geographic diversification is more important than product diversification, especially for developing countries. Taking part in free trade agreements, thereby reducing trade costs, and trading with countries in the North are also found to have positive impacts on export diversification for developing countries.
Helicopter Parenting: The Effect of an Overbearing Caregiving Style on Peer Attachment and Self-Efficacy.

Helicopter parenting, an observed phenomenon on college campuses, may adversely affect college students. The authors examined how helicopter parenting is related to self-efficacy and peer relationships among 190 undergraduate students ages 16 to 28 years. Helicopter parenting was associated with low self-efficacy, alienation from peers, and a lack of trust among peers. Implications are provided for counselors and psychologists in college- and university-based counseling centers to help them to understand and provide assessment and treatment for adult children of helicopter parents.
Differentiated Growth of Human Renal Tubule Cells on Thin-Film and Nanostructured Materials

Over 300,000 Americans are dependent on hemodialysis as treatment for renal failure, and kidney transplantation is limited by scarcity of donor organs. This shortage has prompted research into tissue engineering of renal replacement therapy. Existing bioartificial kidneys are large and their use labor intensive, but they have shown improved survival compared to conventional therapy in preclinical studies and an US Food and Drug Administration–approved phase 2 clinical trial. This hybrid technology will require miniaturization of hemofilters, cell culture substrates, sensors, and integration of control electronics. Using the same harvesting and isolation techniques used in preparing bioartificial kidneys for clinical use, we characterized human renal tubule cell growth on a variety of silicon and related thin-film material substrates commonly used in the construction of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as novel silicon nanopore membranes (SNMs). Human cortical tubular epithelial cells (HCTC) were seeded onto samples of single-crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, SU-8 photoresist, SNMs, and polyester tissue culture inserts, and grown to confluence. The cells formed confluent monolayers with tight junctions and central cilia. Transepithelial resistances were similar between SNMs and polyester membranes. The differentiated growth of human tubular epithelial cells on MEMS materials strongly suggests that miniaturization of the existing bioartificial kidney will be feasible, paving the way for widespread application of this novel technology.
Dishonest signalling in a fiddler crab

Animal communication theory predicts that low–frequency cheating should be common in generally honest signalling systems. However, perhaps because cheats are designed to go undetected, there are few examples of dishonest signals in natural populations. Here we present what we believe is the first example of a dishonest signal which is used commonly by males to attract mates and fight sexual rivals. After losing their large claw, male fiddler crabs (Uca annulipes) grow a new one which has less mass, is a less effective weapon and costs less to use in signalling than an equivalent–length claw of the original form. Males with original claws do not differentially fight males with regenerated claws even though they are likely to win. Regenerated claws effectively bluff fighting ability and deter potential opponents before they fight. During mate searching, females do not discriminate against males with low–mass, regenerated claws, indicating that they are deceived as to the true costs males pay to produce sexual signals. Up to 44% of males in natural populations have regenerated claws, a level unanticipated by current signalling theory. The apparent rarity of cheating may be an artefact of the usual difficulty of detecting cheats and dishonesty may be quite common.
Exploring the Relationship between Student-Instructor Interaction on Twitter and Student Perceptions of Teacher Behaviors.

With much attention being placed on the use of Twitter and other social media in the classroom, educators are grappling with the question, “Is Twitter a valid tool to increase classroom effectiveness? ” Yet, many responses to this question come from anecdotal and case-study-based information. The present study offers a preliminary quantitative analysis of Twitter in the classroom. A survey-based experiment (n = 144) was conducted to measure student perceptions of teacher credibility, immediacy, and content relevance alongside instructor Twitter-use. Results indicate significant, positive correlations between student Twitter-use and positive perceptions of teacher behaviors. These results indicate that Twitter may serve as a valuable tool to supplement more traditional forms of course instruction. Social media is dramatically impacting communication patterns across contexts, leading teachers at all levels to quickly consider the integration of social media into classroom settings (see Mazur, Murphy, & Simonds 2007, 2009). Yet, some educators may be hesitant to embrace the role of digital technologies in the classroom (Okojie & Olinzack, 2006). This study seeks to examine the potential relationship between teachers’ supplemental use of digital media tools in the classroom, specifically Twitter, and student perceptions of instructor credibility, immediacy and content relevance.
Identifying Core Users Based on Trust Relationships and Interest Similarity in Recommender System

With the rapid development of Internet, the explosive growth of information challenges people's capability on finding out items fitting to their own interests. The emergence of recommender system helps users to make decisions to a certain degree. So far, most of the studies pay much attention to designing or improving recommendation algorithms. However, few works consider the extraction of core users with whom recommender systems can generate satisfactory recommendation. In this paper, we propose new approaches to identifying core users based on trust relationships and interest similarity. The trust degree and interest similarity between all user pairs are calculated and sorted first, and two strategies based on frequency and weight of location are used to select core users. Experiments show the effectiveness of the extraction of core users and prove that 20% of core users enable recommender systems to achieve more than 90% of the accuracy of the top-N recommendation.
Enabling Push-Based Critical Data Forwarding in Vehicular Named Data Networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks have highly dynamic topologies, making data exchange among mobile nodes challenging. Named data networking (NDN) has been applied to vehicular networks recently, and the results are promising, as NDN supports highly dynamic topologies better than traditional IP architectures. However, as of yet, vehicular named data networks (VNDNs) have no support for pushing critical data into the network, and the existing consumer pull mechanism introduces undesirable delay. Therefore, we propose a proactive data dissemination scheme for pushing critical content to one-hop neighbours in VNDN. Producers of critical content first send a beacon message containing metadata about tentative new chunks. Upon receiving the beacon message, neighbors make temporary pending interest table entries, allowing them to subsequently store new chunks once received. We evaluate the proposed scheme using ndnSIM and find it more efficient than pure consumer pull VNDN.
Behind the Scenes of an Evolving Event Cloze Test

This paper analyzes the narrative event cloze test and its recent evolution. The test removes one event from a document’s chain of events, and systems predict the missing event. Originally proposed to evaluate learned knowledge of event scenarios (e.g., scripts and frames), most recent work now builds ngram-like language models (LM) to beat the test. This paper argues that the test has slowly/unknowingly been altered to accommodate LMs.5 Most notably, tests are auto-generated rather than by hand, and no effort is taken to include core script events. Recent work is not clear on evaluation goals and contains contradictory results. We implement several models, and show that the test’s bias to high-frequency events explains the inconsistencies. We conclude with recommendations on how to return to the test’s original intent, and offer brief suggestions on a path forward.
Proliferative and Glycolytic Assessment of the Whole-Body Bone Marrow Compartment

Objective: Quantitative assessment of active bone marrow (BM) in vivo is yet to be well-defined. This study aims to compare total body BM volume estimations obtained from use of both18F-FLT PET/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT in order to consolidate higher cellular proliferation rates with imaging the highly active red BM in pancreatic cancer. Methods: This phase I pilot study includes seven patients with pancreatic cancers who underwent both 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG imaging each acquired within a week’s duration. A CT-based classifier is used for segmenting bone into cortical and trabecular regions. The total BM volume is determined through statistical thresholding on PET activity found within the trabecular bone. Results: Results showed that 18F-FLT measures of red BM volume (RBV) were higher than those obtained from 18F-FDG (∆=89.21 ml). RBV obtained using 18F-FLT in males were found to have high correlation with measured weight (R2=0.61) and BMI (R2=0.70). The red BM fraction obtained from 18F-FLT was significantly different between males and females, with females showing much higher red bone matter within the trabecular bone (p<0.05). In contrast to 18F-FLT, 18F-FDG BM measurements showed that RBV was significantly different between males and females (p<0.05). Results also show that spinal activity SUV threshold for red BM segmentation is significantly different between 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET (p<0.05). Conclusion: By combining 18F-FLT-PET and 18F-FDG-PET, this study provides useful insights for in vivo BM estimation through its proliferative and glycolytic activities.
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Knock-Down in Post-Mitotic Neurons

The prokaryotic adaptive immune system CRISPR/Cas9 has recently been adapted for genome editing in eukaryotic cells. This technique allows for sequence-specific induction of double-strand breaks in genomic DNA of individual cells, effectively resulting in knock-out of targeted genes. It thus promises to be an ideal candidate for application in neuroscience where constitutive genetic modifications are frequently either lethal or ineffective due to adaptive changes of the brain. Here we use CRISPR/Cas9 to knock-out Grin1, the gene encoding the obligatory NMDA receptor subunit protein GluN1, in a sparse population of mouse pyramidal neurons. Within this genetically mosaic tissue, manipulated cells lack synaptic current mediated by NMDA-type glutamate receptors consistent with complete knock-out of the targeted gene. Our results show the first proof-of-principle demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-down in neurons in vivo, where it can be a useful tool to study the function of specific proteins in neuronal circuits.
Improving the performance of distributed CORBA applications

This paper proposes a new technique called CORBA-as-needed to improve the performance of distributed CORBA applications. CORBA-as-needed allows distributed CORBA applications to first detect if the interoperability functionality of CORBA communication methods are indeed needed in a particular invocation, and bypass them if this functionality is not needed for that invocation. The paper describes three design techniques to incorporate CORBA-as-needed in the current CORBA architecture. The paper also describes the design, implementation, and a detailed performance evaluation of a custom-made system to validate the usefulness of the CORBA-as-needed technique.
Obstructions to special Lagrangian desingularizations and the Lagrangian prescribed boundary problem

We exhibit infinitely many, explicit special Lagrangian isolated singularities that admit no asymptotically conical special Lagrangian smoothings. The existence/ nonexistence of such smoothings of special Lagrangian cones is an important component of the current efforts to understand which singular special Lagrangians arise as limits of smooth special Lagrangians. We also use soft methods from symplectic geometry (the relative version of the h‐principle for Lagrangian immersions) and tools from algebraic topology to prove (both positive and negative) results about Lagrangian desingularizations of Lagrangian submanifolds with isolated singularities; we view the (Maslov-zero) Lagrangian desingularization problem as the natural soft analogue of the special Lagrangian smoothing problem. 53D12, 53C38; 53C42
The Role of Mental Simulations and Counterfactual Thinking in the Opportunity Identification Process *

The process of identifying, shaping, and pursuing market opportunities is emerging as a focal point in the field of entrepreneurship. Scholarly efforts to date have considered what happens during this process; it is time to turn attention to how and why. This article examines one such “how” question: how do entrepreneurs think and reason such that they identify innovative opportunities? Specifically, the cognitive processes of mental simulation and counterfactual thinking are proposed as mechanisms by which entrepreneurs identify and develop innovative opportunities. Propositions regarding the application of these cognitive processes to opportunity identification are presented and discussed.
Examining Different Aspects of Functional Performance Using a Variety of Bench Throw Techniques

Clark, RA, Bryant, AL, and Pua, Y-H. Examining different aspects of functional performance using a variety of bench throw techniques. J Strength Cond Res 24(10): 2755-2761, 2010-The purpose of this experiment was to examine upper-body bench throw performance during tests that specifically target different aspects of functional performance. A pool of 26 male, semi-professional rugby league players (age: 23 ± 3 years, height: 180.8 ± 5.6 cm, mass: 95.7 ± 13.0 kg, estimated 1 repetition maximum bench press: 130 ± 20 kg) volunteered to participate in this study, which consisted of 2 components. First, the reliability of peak force (f) and displacement (d) measured during 4 different types of bench throws was assessed. These tests consisted of full range of motion (ROM) countermovement throws (FC), full ROM static start throws (FS), half ROM countermovement throws (HC), and half ROM static start throws (HS). For all measures, intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.80. The second component of this study examined the relationship between all measures, with a focus on the 2 simplest protocols to implement in an athlete assessment setting-FC and FS. A Pearson's correlation matrix revealed that a combination of FSd and FSf measures was moderately to highly correlated with all outcome measures, whereas neither FCd nor FCf was significantly correlated with HSf-a measure of the athlete's ability to produce force in the midrange of the movement with minimal elastic energy contribution. The results of this study suggest that, in situations where time efficiency is important, assessing full ROM bench throws from a static start may provide a representative measure of both upper-body full and partial ROM performance.
Molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes.

L. monocytogenes is a Gram-positive, nonsporeforming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It is widely spread in nature; in soil, plant, sewage, silage, slaughterhouse waste, dust and even water [1]. It has been found in at least 37 mammalian species, both domestic and wild, as well as in at least 17 species of birds and possibly some species of fish and shellfish. Humans (1–10 %) may be intestinal carriers of L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes is present in a wide variety of foods. The natural exposure of vegetables, fruits, grains, food for animals, fish and poultry to the environmental sources of the organism makes impossible for such foods to be produced free from L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes is quite hardy and resists the deleterious effects of freezing, drying and heat remarkably well for a bacterium that does not form spores. Even normal refrigeration temperature (between 0 and 8 oC) does not kill it. The main growth-limiting parameters for L. monocytogenes are temperature (minimum –0,4 oC, maximum 45 oC) pH (minimum 4.39, maximum 9.4) and water activity (minimum 0.92). The bacterium does not change the taste or smell of contaminated food, which is the most frequent source of human infection with L. monocytogenes. For these reasons, it can be very difficult to suspect or trace the source of a listeria outbreak.
Ruins into Relics: The Monument to Saint Vladimir on the Excavations of Chersonesos, 1827–57

Prince Vladimir's conversion to Orthodoxy occupies a pivotal moment in most conceptions of Russia's past. During the nineteenth century in particular, many scholars believed that the turn to Christianity defined Russia as a nation and laid the groundwork for the creation of a state. For example, Makarii Bulgakov, metropolitan of Moscow and distinguished historian of the Russian Orthodox Church, asserted that "this event is without a doubt, the most important event in the history of all Russian lands. In several ways, it decided the eternal fate of all future generations of Russia and . began a new period of our existence in every respect: our enlightenment, customs, judiciary and building of our nation, our religious faith, and our morality. "' In the context of Russia's annexation of Crimea in 1783, however, the legend of Prince Vladimir's conversion acquired a separate significance, for the medieval text The Chronicle of Nestor placed Vladimir's baptism at Chersonesos, the site of an ancient Greek colony situated not far from present-day Sevastopol' on Crimea's southwestern coast.2 By the early nineteenth century, as the
Subjective Rating of Weak Tactile Stimuli Is Parametrically Encoded in Event-Related Potentials

Neural signatures of somatosensory awareness have often been studied by examining EEG responses to hardly detectable stimuli. Previous reports consistently showed that event-related potentials (ERPs) measured over early somatosensory cortex diverge for detected and missed perithreshold stimuli at 80–100 ms after stimulus onset. So far, however, all previous studies have operationalized somatosensory awareness as binary stimulus detection. Here, we investigated whether ERP components attributed to neuronal activity in early somatosensory cortices would parametrically reflect subjective ratings of stimulus awareness. EEG (64 channel) was recorded in human participants (N = 20), with perithreshold electrical stimulation applied to the left median nerve. Participants indicated perceptibility on a continuous visual rating scale, and stimulation intensity was readjusted in each block to a perithreshold level. The aim of the analysis was to investigate which brain areas reflect the subsequent perceptual awareness ratings parametrically, and how early such parametric effects occur. Parametric ERP effects were found as early as 86 ms after stimulus onset. This parametric modulation of ERP amplitude was source localized to secondary somatosensory cortex, and attributed to feedforward processing between primary and secondary somatosensory cortex by means of dynamic causal modeling (DCM). Furthermore, later in the analysis window, the subjective rating of stimuli correlated with the amplitude of the N140 component and with a broadly distributed P300 component. By DCM modeling, these late effects were explained in terms of recurrent processing within the network of somatosensory and premotor cortices. Our results indicate that early neural activity in the somatosensory cortex can reflect the subjective quality of tactile perception.
JENUFA GEN. NOV.: A NEW GENUS OF COCCOID GREEN ALGAE (CHLOROPHYCEAE, INCERTAE SEDIS) PREVIOUSLY RECORDED BY ENVIRONMENTAL SEQUENCING 1

The diversity of eukaryotic microorganisms is far from fully described, as indicated by the vast number of unassigned genotypes retrieved by environmental sequencing or metagenomics. We isolated several strains of unicellular green algae from algal biofilms growing on tree bark in a Southeast Asian tropical rainforest and determined them to be relatives of an unidentified lineage of environmental 18S rDNA sequences, thus uncovering its cellular identity. Light, confocal, and electron microscope observations and sequencing the 18S rRNA gene revealed that the strains represent two different species within an apparently new genus, described here as Jenufa gen. nov. Both species formed minute coccoid cells with an irregular globular outline, a smooth cell wall, and a single parietal chloroplast without a pyrenoid. The two species, described herein as J. perforata and J. minuta, differed in chloroplast morphology and cell wall structure. Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rRNA gene sequences showed a firm relationship between the two species and placed the Jenufa lineage in an unresolved position within the CS clade (Chlamydomonadales + Sphaeropleales) of the class Chlorophyceae, although possible affinities to the genus Golenkinia were suggested both by maximum‐likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods. Furthermore, two almost identical environmental 18S rDNA sequences from an endolithic microbial community occurring in dolomite rock in the central Alps turned out to be specifically related to, yet apparently distinct from, the sequence of J. minuta, indicating the existence of an undescribed Jenufa species occurring in the temperate zone.