Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building a dishonest signal: the functional basis of unreliable signals of strength in males of the two-toned fiddler crab, Uca vomeris

ABSTRACT Males of many species use signals during aggressive contests to communicate their fighting capacity. These signals are usually reliable indicators of an individual's underlying quality; however, in several crustacean species, displays of weapons do not always accurately reflect the attribute being advertised. Male fiddler crabs possess one enlarged claw that is used to attract females and to intimidate opponents during territorial contests. After the loss of their major claw, males can regenerate a replacement claw that is similar in size but considerably weaker. As this inferior weapon can still be used to successfully intimidate rivals, it represents one of the clearest cases of unreliable signalling of strength during territorial contests. We investigated the functional mechanisms that govern signal reliability in the two-toned fiddler crab, Uca vomeris. Male U. vomeris exhibit both reliable and unreliable signals of strength via the expression of original and regenerated claw morphs. We examined the morphological, biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of original and regenerated claws to establish the best predictors of variation in claw strength. For a given claw size, regenerated claws have less muscle mass than original claws, and for a given muscle mass, regenerated claws were significantly weaker than original claws. The mechanical advantage was also lower in regenerated claws compared with original claws. However, the activity of three catabolic enzymes did not differ between claw types. We conclude that the structural and physiological predictors of force production influence the frequencies of reliable and unreliable signals of strength in U. vomeris. This study furthers our understanding of the proliferation of unreliable signals in natural populations. Summary: The frequencies of reliable and unreliable signals of strength in Uca vomeris are influenced by the structural and physiological mechanisms behind force production in the major claw.
A novel computational scheme for low multi-linear rank approximations of tensors

Multi-linear functionals are generally known as tensors and provide a natural object of study in multi-dimensional signal and system analysis. Tensor approximation has various applications in signal processing and system theory. In this paper, we show the local convergence of a numerical method for multi-linear rank tensor approximation that is based on Jacobi iterations.
Real-Reward Testing for Probabilistic Processes (Extended Abstract)

We introduce a notion of real-valued reward testing for probabilistic processes by extending the traditional nonnegative-reward testing with negative rewards. In this richer testing framework, the may and must preorders turn out to be inverses. We show that for convergent processes with finitely many states and transitions, but not in the presence of divergenc e, the real-reward must-testing preorder coincides with the nonnegative-reward must-testing preorder. To prove this coincidence we characterise the usual resolution-based testing in terms of the we ak transitions of processes, without having to involve policies, adversaries, schedulers, resolution s, or similar structures that are external to the process under investigation. This requires establishing t he continuity of our function for calculating testing outcomes.
Measurements on the spotify peer-assisted music-on-demand streaming system

Spotify is a streaming service offering low-latency access to a large library of music. Streaming is performed by a combination of client-server access and a peer-to-peer protocol. The service currently has a user base of over 10 million and is available in seven European countries. We provide a background on the Spotify protocol with emphasis on the formation of the peer-to-peer overlay. Using measurement data collected over a week by instrumenting Spotify clients, we analyze general network properties such as the correspondence between individual user accounts and the number of IP addresses they connect from and the prevalence of Network Address Translation devices (NATs). We also discuss the performance of one of the two peer discovery mechanisms used by Spotify.
Semantic Parsing with Bayesian Tree Transducers

Many semantic parsing models use tree transformations to map between natural language and meaning representation. However, while tree transformations are central to several state-of-the-art approaches, little use has been made of the rich literature on tree automata. This paper makes the connection concrete with a tree transducer based semantic parsing model and suggests that other models can be interpreted in a similar framework, increasing the generality of their contributions. In particular, this paper further introduces a variational Bayesian inference algorithm that is applicable to a wide class of tree transducers, producing state-of-the-art semantic parsing results while remaining applicable to any domain employing probabilistic tree transducers.
Possible influence of salmon farming on long-term resident behaviour of wild saithe (Pollachius virens L.)

Institute of Marine Research, PostBox 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway*Corresponding author: tel: +47 55236898; fax: +47 55238531; e-mail: haakon.otteraa@imr.noOttera˚,H. ,andSkilbrei,O.T. Possibleinﬂuenceofsalmonfarmingonlong-termresidentbehaviourofwildsaithe(PollachiusvirensL.). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, doi: 10.1093/icesjms/fsu096.Received11 November 2013; revised 30 April 2014; accepted 4 May2014.ThecultureofAtlanticsalmonisoneofthemostdevelopedaquacultureindustriesintheworld. Theproductionfromsmolttomarketsizeusuallytakesplaceinseacagesinopenwaters,andthesestructurestendtoattractwildﬁsh,astheydoforotherfarmedspecies.Forsalmonfarming,saithe(Pollachiusvirens)isoneofthemost-frequentlyobservedspeciesaroundseacages.Animportantquestioniswhetherthelargeconcentrationofsalmonfarmsinsomeareasmightalterthenaturalbehaviourandmigrationpatternofwildsaithe. Wetagged62wildsaithewithacoustictagsandfollowed their movements for up to 2 years in an area in Southwestern Norway with many salmon farms. Furthermore, nearly 2000 saithe weretagged with external T-bar tags to study migration beyond the study area. The recaptures of the T-bar tagged saithe from offshore areassuggest that the offshore migration routes of saithe are similar to published results from before salmon farming became signiﬁcant in the area.However, a large proportion of the saithe population appears to remain in the release area and was observed at the salmon farms for much ofthetime. Weconcludethattheaquacultureindustryisinﬂuencingthelocalsaithedistribution. Large-scalepopulationeffectsaremoredifﬁcultto prove, but it is possible thatthe dynamic relationship between the coastal and oceanic phases has been altered.Keywords: aquaculture, interaction, migration, saithe.
Reinforcement learning of cooperative behaviors for multi-robot tracking of multiple moving targets

Traditional reinforcement learning algorithms learn based on discrete/finite states and actions, thus limit the learned behaviors to discrete/finite space. To address this problem, this paper introduces a distributed reinforcement learning controller that integrates reinforcement learning with behavior based control networks. This learning controller can enable the robot to generate appropriate control policy which combines different elementary behaviors. In addition, to address the problems in concurrent learning, a distributed learning control algorithm is proposed to coordinate concurrent learning processes. The distributed reinforcement learning controller and learning control algorithm are applied to multi-robot tracking of multiple moving targets. The efficacy is demonstrated by simulations.
Extracting Biomolecular Interactions Using Semantic Parsing of Biomedical Text

We advance the state of the art in biomolecular interaction extraction with three contributions: (i) We show that deep, Abstract Meaning Representations (AMR) significantly improve the accuracy of a biomolecular interaction extraction system when compared to a baseline that relies solely on surface- and syntax-based features; (ii) In contrast with previous approaches that infer relations on a sentence-by-sentence basis, we expand our framework to enable consistent predictions over sets of sentences (documents); (iii) We further modify and expand a graph kernel learning framework to enable concurrent exploitation of automatically induced AMR (semantic) and dependency structure (syntactic) representations. Our experiments show that our approach yields interaction extraction systems that are more robust in environments where there is a significant mismatch between training and test conditions.
On Kinetic Delaunay Triangulations: A Near Quadratic Bound for Unit Speed Motions

Let P be a collection of n points in the plane, each moving along some straight line at unit speed. We obtain an almost tight upper bound of O(n2+ε), for any ε > 0, on the maximum number of discrete changes that the Delaunay triangulation DT(P) of P experiences during this motion. Our analysis is cast in a purely topological setting, where we only assume that (i) any four points can be co-circular at most three times, and (ii) no triple of points can be collinear more than twice; these assumptions hold for unit speed motions.
Effects of thyroxine replacement on endothelial function and carotid artery intima-media thickness in female patients with mild subclinical hypothyroidism

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and coronary artery disease that could be related to changes in serum lipids or endothelial dysfunction. METHODS: Thirty-two female subclinical hypothyroidism patients were randomly assigned to 12 months of L-thyroxine replacement or no treatment. Endothelial function was measured by the flow-mediated vasodilatation of the brachial artery, as well as mean carotid artery intima-media thickness, and lipid profiles were studied at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The mean (±SD) serum thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in the L-thyroxine replacement and control groups were 6.09±1.32 and 6.27±1.39 µUI/ml, respectively. No relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness or brachial flow-mediated vasodilatation and free T4 and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was found. The median L-T4 dose was 44.23±18.13 µg/day. After 12 months, there was a significant decrease in the flow-mediated vasodilatation in the subclinical hypothyroidism control group (before: 17.33±7.88 to after: 13.1±4.75%, p = 0.03), but there were no significant differences in flow-mediated vasodilatation in the L-thyroxine treated group (before: 16.81±7.0 to after: 18.52±7.44%, p = 0.39). We did not find any significant change in mean carotid intima-media thickness after 12 months of L-thyroxine treatment. CONCLUSION: Replacement therapy prevents a decline in flow-mediated vasodilatation with continuation of the subclinical hypothyroidism state. Large prospective multicenter placebo-controlled trials are necessary to investigate endothelial physiology further in subclinical hypothyroidism patients and to define the role of L-thyroxine therapy in improving endothelial function in these patients.
Performance measurement and trace driven simulation of parallel CAD and numeric applications on a hypercube multicomputer

The performance evaluation, workload characterization, and trace-driven simulation of a hypercube multicomputer running realistic workloads are presented. Six representative parallel applications were selected as benchmarks. Software monitoring techniques were then used to collect execution traces. On the basis of the measurement results, the authors investigated both the computation and communication behavior of these parallel programs, including CPU utilization, computation task granularity, message interarrival distribution, the distribution of waiting times in receiving messages, and message length and destination distributions. The localities in communication were also studied. A trace-driven simulation environment was developed to study the behavior of the communication hardware under real workloads. Simulation results on DMA and link utilizations are reported. <<ETX>>
Formal analysis of an anonymous fair exchange e-commerce protocol

Fair exchange and anonymity are important requirements of e-commerce protocols. We have formally analyzed an e-commerce protocol, which is claimed to satisfy the two requirements. The protocol, together with the intruder, has been modeled as an OTS, a kind of transition system. Then the OTS has been written in CafeOBJ, an algebraic specification language. Although most part of the two requirements can be expressed as safety properties, liveness properties are needed to fully express them. We have expressed the safety part of the two requirements in CafeOBJ and partly verified that the OTS satisfies the safety part by writing proof scores in CafeOBJ.
Role of Prostaglandins in the Reversal of One‐Kidney Hypertension in the Rabbit

Hypertensive rabbits with a clip on the renal artery of their solitary remaining kidney show an abrupt decrease in blood pressure after the arterial constriction is released. Although the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains controversial, some experimental evidence suggests that it could be humorally mediated. The involvement of prostaglandins was investigated by examining the effect of the release of the arterial constriction on blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary output in five conscious single-kidney hypertensive rabbits in which prostaglandin synthesis was blocked with indomethacin (priming intravenous injection of 9 mg/kg followed by a constant infusion of 1 mg/kg hou−1). The results were compared with those obtained in another group of five single-kidney hypertensive rabbits submitted to the same protocol but not treated with indomethacin. The blockade of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin prevented the increments in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate seen in the control rabbits after unclipping and significantly retarded the appearance of diuresis and the fall in blood pressure. Despite these observations, the results do not indicate a major participation of prostaglandins in the reversal of single-kidney hypertension, because the decrease in blood pressure 9 hours after the removal of the arterial constriction was similar in both groups.
Computational study of velocity profile obtained in microfluidic channel bearing a fluidic transistor: Toward highly resolved electrophoretic separation

The present work is a computational study of velocity profiles in microfluidic channels bearing field flow effect transistors (FFET). In particular, this work investigates perturbations and distortions of the sample band during electrophoretic transport in a rectangular separation channel. The EOF heterogeneity and its induced pressure render the predictions of the analytical performances rather complex. In this context, we propose a systematic numerical inquiry that focuses on the distribution of the velocities for several geometries and EOF modulations. We compare the calculated parabolic velocity profiles to the bare glass microchips. Here, the reported parabolic velocity profiles are coherent with recent experimental results that have been published elsewhere. From the presented equations, in such active hybrid microfluidic chip that integrates a FFET gate layer, separation can be optimized by playing on the gate coverage ratio. The flow fields obtained from analytical models allow further investigations about the efficiency and resolution during electrophoresis. The resulting induced pressure gradient and the associated band broadening underline the need to optimize the resolution in the detriment of the efficiency in such active microfluidic chips.
Broadband and chiral binary dielectric meta-holograms

This is a study of basic holographic principles in designing new nanostructured devices that enable broadband and chiral imaging. Subwavelength structured surfaces, known as meta-surfaces, hold promise for future compact and optically thin devices with versatile functionalities. By revisiting the concept of detour phase, we demonstrate high-efficiency holograms with broadband and chiral imaging functionalities. In our devices, the apertures of binary holograms are replaced by subwavelength structured microgratings. We achieve broadband operation from the visible to the near infrared and efficiency as high as 75% in the 1.0 to 1.4 μm range by compensating for the inherent dispersion of the detour phase with that of the subwavelength structure. In addition, we demonstrate chiral holograms that project different images depending on the handedness of the reference beam by incorporating a geometric phase. Our devices’ compactness, lightness, and ability to produce images even at large angles have significant potential for important emerging applications such as wearable optics.
On the Solution of the Steiner Tree NP-Hard Problem via Physarum BioNetwork

In the last several years, many algorithms trying to mimic biological processes have been proposed to enhance the performance of communication networks. However, the bio-inspired algorithms represent only the very first step toward the design of a smart adaptive communication network since: 1) they model only a limited set of the rules underlying the biological processes, thus, omitting fundamental functionalities; 2) they are executed on traditional computer architectures, thus, failing to achieve the intrinsic parallelism exhibited by biological processes. To overcome these issues, in this paper, the BioNetwork paradigm is proposed, a novel communication network paradigm in which the traditional network nodes are replaced by living organisms. The BioNetwork paradigm provides very attractive features over traditional network paradigms, such as efficiency, adaptivity, reliability, self-organization, and scalability. Moreover, it has a huge potential since it can be adopted in many different applications, such as health and military ones. In the paper, this potential is shown by proving that a BioNetwork can solve one of the most fundamental NP-hard problems in networks, i.e., the Steiner tree problem. To this aim, a BioNetwork constituted by a unicellular organism, the Physarum polycephalum slime mold, is designed. Throughout the paper, it is proven that a Physarum BioNetwork can solve the Steiner tree problem with an exponential convergence rate toward the optimal solution. The theoretical solutions are validated through a case study.
Road condition estimation for automotive anti-skid control system based on BP neural network

It's important to estimate the road condition to obtain better performances of the vehicular antiskid systems. A road condition identification system based on BP neural network was proposed in this paper to monitor the change of road surface situations in real time by using vehicle dynamics parameters, and an adjusting algorithm was put forward to amend the output of neural network. Offline simulation was done for several driving conditions by using the field test data, and most kinds of road surface were recognized correctly, which testified the validity of the system.
Multidimensional Management and Analysis of Quality Measures for CRM Applications in an Electricity Company

This paper presents an approach integrating data quality into the business intelligence chain in the context of CRM applications at EDF (Electricite de France), the major electricity company in France. The main contribution of this paper is the definition and instantiation of a generic multi-dimensional star-like model for storing, analyzing and capitalizing data quality indicators, measurements and metadata. This approach is illustrated in one of EDF's CRM applications implementing the data quality-driven information supply chain for business intelligence where the role of the data quality expert is highly emphasized.
A tropical Atlantic species of Melibe Rang, 1829 (Mollusca, Nudibranchia, Tethyiidae)

Abstract A new species of Melibe is described based on two specimens collected in Florida. This new species is well differentiated morphologically and genetically from other species of Melibe studied to date. The four residue deletions in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 protein found in all previously sequenced tropical species of Melibe sequenced (and Melibe rosea) are also present in this new species. These deletions do not appear to affect important structural components of this protein but might have fitness implications. This paper provides the first confirmed record of Melibe in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean.
Panoramic e-learning videos for non-linear navigation

We introduce a new interface for augmenting e-learning videos with panoramic frames and content-based navigation. Our interface gradually builds a panoramic video, and allows users to navigate through such video by directly clicking on its contents, as opposed to using a conventional time slider. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by successfully applying it to three representative styles of e-learning videos: Khan Academy, Coursera, and conventional lecture recorded with a camera. The techniques described provide more efficient ways for exploring the benefits of e-learning videos. As such, they have the potential to impact education by providing more customizable learning experiences for millions of e-learners around the world.
Dimensions of Component Based Development

As the properties of components have gradually become clearer, attention has started to turn to the architectural issues which govern their interaction and composition. In this paper we identify some of the major architectural questions affecting component-based software develop-ment and describe the predominant architectural dimensions. Of these, the most interesting is the "architecture hierarchy" which we believe is needed to address the "interface vicissitude" problem that arises whenever interaction refinement is explicitly documented within a component-based system. We present a solution to this problem based on the concept of stratified architectures and object metamorphosis Finally, we describe how these concepts may assist in increasing the tailorability of component-based frameworks.
Efficient plane detection from a single moving camera

This paper deals with the detection of any kind of parameterized surface without camera calibration or a priori knowledge about the vehicle egomotion. We assume in this first study that the 3D scene is a set of 3D planes that we propose to detect exploiting iso-velocity curves bound to an estimated optical flow. We believe that cumulative approaches based on a voting scheme are very efficient in making more robust the detection and cooping with optical flow imprecision. Therefore, we design a Hough-like frame called c-velocity. We show how this c-velocity could serve exhibiting any plane. 3D-planar structures like obstacles, road or buildings are focused on in the context of a driver assistance application. Under a translational camera motion, planar surfaces are transformed into parabolic of the c-velocity space.