Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic Properties of Sparse Digraphs

The notions of bounded expansion and nowhere denseness have been applied very successfully in algorithmic graph theory. We study the corresponding notions of directed bounded expansion and nowhere crownfulness on directed graphs. We show that many of the algorithmic tools that were developed for undirected bounded expansion classes can, with some care, also be applied in their directed counterparts, and thereby we highlight a rich algorithmic structure theory of directed bounded expansion classes. More specifically, we show that the directed Steiner tree problem is fixed-parameter tractable on any class of directed bounded expansion parameterized by the number $k$ of non-terminals plus the maximal diameter $s$ of a strongly connected component in the subgraph induced by the terminals. Our result strongly generalizes a result of Jones et al., who proved that the problem is fixed parameter tractable on digraphs of bounded degeneracy if the set of terminals is required to be acyclic. We furthermore prove that for every integer $r\geq 1$, the distance-$r$ dominating set problem can be approximated up to a factor $O(\log k)$ and the connected distance-$r$ dominating set problem can be approximated up to a factor $O(k\cdot \log k)$ on any class of directed bounded expansion, where $k$ denotes the size of an optimal solution. If furthermore, the class is nowhere crownful, we are able to compute a polynomial kernel for distance-$r$ dominating sets. Polynomial kernels for this problem were not known to exist on any other existing digraph measure for sparse classes.
Does population density matter in the matching process of heterogeneous job seekers and vacancies

This paper analyses the matching process of job seekers and vacant jobs in local labour markets. We investigate how the education level of job seekers and education requirements of vacancies match together in the areas of Local Labour Offices (LLOs), and what is the role of population density in that process. The data set is temporally, spatially, by education level of job seekers and by education requirements of vacancies highly disaggregated monthly data from 146 LLOs in Finland over 14 years. We find differences in the abilities of local labour markets to form successful matches at given levels of inputs. These differences can be explained partly by population density. We control for the heterogeneity of both sides of the labour market in our models allowing different employability for job seekers with different education levels and different filling rates for vacancies with different education requirements. Our results suggest that education increases successful matches only in markets with certain characteristics.
The Feldstein – Hoiroka puzzle across countries

This article tests the Feldstein–Hoiroka ‘puzzle’ for a sample of 49 countries from two angles; that of co-movements in the saving-investment series and the magnitude of the saving-retention coefficient (SRC). The overall conclusion we obtain from the results of three different cointegration tests leaves no room for ‘puzzle’ in the majority of the countries included in the sample. On the other hand, various statistical tests applied to the SRCs show that there are significant differences among the high-income, middle-income and low-income country groups with regards to the salient aspects of capital mobility. First, there are significant differences in the average SRCs of the country groups. Second, the SRCs are differently distributed around their means among the country groups. The results yielded by a third test dictate that future research should pay more attention to the underlying distribution of the SRCs within country groups when testing the ‘country size’ argument.
Layering a DBMS on a DHT-Based Storage Engine

This article proposes an architecture for integrating a relational database management system (DBMS) with a distributed hash table (DHT). Systems developed based on this architecture provide functionalities of DHTs, such as scalability, decentralization and fault tolerance, combined with a high level query language provided by a DBMS. The main component of this architecture is the storage engine, responsible for implementing the interface between an SQL query processor and a DHT. We have implemented a system based on the MySQL DBMS and the Bamboo DHT, and conducted an experimental study to investigate two issues. The first determines the impact of developing an indexing structure for processing range queries. The second investigates two approaches for mapping relations to DHT's key-value pairs: vertical and horizontal partition of relations.
Prospective evaluation of maternal morbidity and mortality in post-cesarean section patients admitted to postanesthesia intensive care unit

Background and Aims: Critical illness may complicate any pregnancy. Timely intensive care management of critically ill obstetric patients has better outcomes than expected from the initial severity of illness. The aim was to study the indications of transfer of post-cesarean section patients to post-anesthesia intensive care unit (PACU). (PACU transfer indicated that the patient required intensive care). Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the PACU of a tertiary care teaching public hospital over a period of 2 years. Sixty-one postoperative lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) females admitted consecutively in PACU were studied. The study included obstetric PACU utilization rate, intensive care unit interventions, outcome of mother, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score, and its correlation with mortality. Results: Postanesthesia intensive care unit admission rate was 2.8% and obstetric PACU utilization rate was 3.22%. Of 61 patients, four had expired. Obstetric indications (67.2%) were the most common cause of admission to PACU. Among the obstetric indications hemorrhage (36.1%) was found to be a statistically significant indication for PACU admission followed by hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (29.5%). Cardiovascular disease (16.4%) was the most common nonobstetric indication for PACU transfer and was associated with high mortality. The observed mortality was 6.557%, which was lower than predicted mortality by APACHE II Score. Conclusion: Obstetric hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of PACU admission in post LSCS patients. Prompt provision of intensive care to critically ill obstetric patients can lead to a significant drop in maternal morbidity and mortality.
Graphene FET Gigabit ON–OFF Keying Demodulator at 96 GHz

We demonstrate the demodulation of a multi-Gb/s ON-OFF keying (OOK) signal on a 96 GHz carrier by utilizing a 250-nm graphene field-effect transistor as a zero bias power detector. From the eye diagram, we can conclude that the devices can demodulate the OOK signals up to 4 Gb/s.
Stakeholder Management Capability and Performance in Brazilian Cooperatives

Objective – The aim of this paper is to relate Stakeholder Management Capability (SMC) to economic-financial and social-environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach – Data collection occurred in 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil. There was validation of 171 questionnaires answered at the strategic and tactical levels in the context of cooperatives in 13 sectors of Brazil’s economy. Structural equation modeling was used as an application to verify the data with the use of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings – The results made it possible to verify the relationship between SMC and the social and environmental performance. The coefficient found for the relationship between SMC and economicfinancial performance also had a positive effect. Practical implications – The research results provide evidence that SMC is directly related to the economic-financial and socialenvironmental performance of cooperative organizations. SMC may also contribute to the analytical process of organizations from the statistical dimension and an applied empirical structure. Originality/value – The model reached support in both relationships with significant values, demonstrating that the dimensions and scales used to measure it were satisfactory, validating the proposed model. This finding demonstrates that these organizations have the skills to meet the requirements of and manage stakeholders, even if one person plays different roles, i.e. the cooperative member, which is basically the owner, supplier, consumer and customer.
Factor VIIa and its potential therapeutic use in bleeding-associated pathologies

Summary Recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa) was developed for treatment of haemophilia patients with inhibitors against FVIII/FIX. The haemostatic efficacy rate of 80–90% including major orthopaedic surgery (dosing of 90–120 µg/kg every other hour [h] for at least the first 24 h) was achieved in these patients. In a home-treatment setting the efficacy rate of haemostasis in mild-moderate bleedings was 92% (average number of 90 µg/kg doses was 2.2). A wide individual variation regarding recovery of rFVIIa (46 ± 12%; median 43%) as well as of clearance rate (36 ± 8 ml/kg/h; median 32 ml/kg/h in adults;children 2–3 times higher) has been observed. Thus children may require higher doses than adults. Accordingly the use of a dose of 270 µg/kg in one single injection was approved in the EU. Recent experience indicates that repeated doses of rFVIIa may decrease the number of bleeds in “target joints”, and thus may be useful as prophylaxis in severe hemophilia with inhibitors. Pharmacological concentrations of rFVIIa have been shown to enhance the thrombin generation on thrombin activated platelets in a cell-based model. By doing so a tight structured fibrin haemostatic plug resistant against premature lysis is formed. rFVIIa has been shown to induce haemostasis not only in haemophilia but also in other situations characterized by an impaired thrombin generation such as platelet defects, dilution coagulopathy developed as a result of trauma and extensive surgery. A special form of profuse bleeding, that may cause extensive problems is postpartum haemorrhage.
The Value Relevance of Foreign Income: An Australian, Canadian, and British Comparison

In this paper we examine the value relevance of geographical earnings disclosures for firms listed and domiciled in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. We find that foreign earnings in all three countries are valued differently than domestic earnings. The estimate of the association coefficient for foreign earnings changes with returns is positive in all three countries and statistically larger than the association coefficient for domestic earnings changes in Canada and the United Kingdom. Further tests show that this difference is related to relative growth opportunities of overseas operations to domestic operations. These findings are similar to results for foreign earnings association coefficients for American-based multinationals found in Bodnar and Weintrop (1997). These results indicate that across countries the market perceives the results of foreign operations as value relevant and suggests that greater emphasis should be placed on the required disclosure of segmental data rather than on the concern that all countries prepare the segmental information using a common GAAP.
A Conceptual Model of Political Market Orientation

SUMMARY This article proposes eight constructs of a conceptual model of political market orientation, taking inspiration from the business and political marketing literature. Four of the constructs are ‘behavioural’ in that they aim to describe the process of how information flows through the organisation. The remaining four constructs are attitudinal, designed to capture the awareness of members to the activities and importance of stakeholder groups in society, both internal and external to the organisation. The model not only allows the level of a party's political market orientation to be assessed, but also aids the party in making a context-specific decision with regard to the reallocation–or not–of party resources in order to attain the party's long-term objectives.
Gas Fermentation for Commercial Biofuels Production

With diminishing global reserves of crude oil and increasing demand, especially from developing countries, the pressure on oil supply will grow. Although the 2007-2010 fi‐ nancial crisis brought down the price of crude oil (per barrel) from a record peak of US $145 in July 2008, factors such as recovering global economies and political instability in the Middle East have restored the price of crude oil to the US$100 mark. At current rate of consumption, the global reserves of petroleum are predicted to be exhausted within 50 years [1, 2]. This, coupled with the deleterious environmental impacts that result from accumulating atmospheric CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels, the development of af‐ fordable, and environmentally sustainable fuels is urgently required. Many countries have responded to this challenge by legislating mandates and introducing policies to stimulate research and development (R&D) and commercialization of technologies that allow the production of low cost, low fossil carbon emitting fuels. For instance, the Euro‐ pean Union (EU) has mandated member countries to a target of deriving 10% of all transportation fuel from renewable sources by 2020 [3]. Between 2005 and 2010, renewa‐ ble energies such as solar, wind, and biofuels have been increasing at an average annual rate of 15-50% [4]. Renewable energy accounted for an estimated 16% of global final en‐ ergy consumption in 2009 [4].
iCat: an animated user-interface robot with personality

We developed a robotic research platform called "iCat" for studying social human-robot interaction. The platform consists of the robotic character "iCat", which is a desktop user-interface robot with mechanically rendered facial expressions. Recently, Philips Research made this platform available for universities and research laboratories to stimulate the momentum in Human-Robot Interaction research [5].
A quantitative analysis of Nordic hedge fund performance during changing market conditions

In this paper we investigate the performance of Nordic hedge funds in terms of their ability to earn abnormal returns during the period 2003-2011. We further test for the presence of short-term persistence during the period of disturbed market conditions. The single-index and four-factor models are used in order to estimate the traditional performance measures for individual funds as well as for portfolios of funds. The regression-based parametric approach is utilized to detect the presence of persistence. Our results suggest that Nordic hedge funds in general are able to “beat the market”, however the results are insignificant for the majority of funds and a much higher degree of statistical significance is found for portfolios of funds. We find no evidence of performance persistence through changing market conditions, though we confirm the presence of short-term persistence in the beginning of market downturn.
Class Size and Student Outcomes: Research and Policy Implications

Schools across the United States are facing budgetary pressures on a scale not seen in generations. A year after the end of federal stimulus funding and with economic growth at low rates, 31 states were projecting a combined $55 billion in shortfalls for their 2013 budget year. These numbers are large by historical standards, but are dwarfed by the combined $538 billion in shortfalls that states had to close in the previous four fiscal years—an average of $135 billion per year, much if not most of which took the form of deep spending cuts. Some, including large states such as California and Texas, projected revenue shortfalls of more than 15 percent of the size of their 2013 budgets (Oliff, Mai, and Palacios, 2012). Cuts in state spending coupled with declines in property values mean that the increases in education spending that used to occur so regularly appear to have come to an end for the foreseeable future. Times of fiscal exigency force policymakers and education practitioners to pay more attention to the return on various categories of public investment in education. The sizes of the classes in which students are educated are often a focus of these discussions because they are a key determinant of educational spending. Personnel costs constitute the single largest category of educational expenditures. The most recent data (from 2008–09) collected by the U.S. Department of Education indicate that salaries and benefits of instructional
Correlation of the expression of the nuclear photosynthetic gene ST‐LS1 with the presence of chloroplasts.

A detailed analysis of the expression of a chimeric gene, consisting of the upstream region of the nuclear photosynthetic gene ST‐LS1, encoding a component of the water‐oxidizing complex of photosystem II, fused to the coding sequence of beta‐glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter, is described. The expression of this chimeric gene at the cellular level was detected by histochemical methods and shows that the expression of this gene is correlated with the presence of chloroplasts. Interestingly, the GUS activity was not only detected in typical photosynthetic tissues, e.g. leaves and stems, but also in green roots containing chloroplasts. In contrast no activity was detected in neighbouring white root tissue which was devoid of chloroplasts. One can therefore separate the relative importance of the (morphological) differentiation steps responsible for the formation of tissues normally involved in photosynthesis, from the importance of the developmental stage (characterized by the presence of chloroplasts), for the expression of this nuclear photosynthetic gene. Our data strongly suggest that the developmental stage of the plastids is the primary determinant for the activity of this nuclear photosynthetic gene, although they do not yet allow the exclusion of the reverse type of control, i.e. control of the differentiation of the plastid by the expression of certain nuclear genes. A chimeric gene, consisting of the promoter of the 35S cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) gene and the GUS coding sequence, was used as a control throughout the experiments, confirming that the observed differential ST‐LS1‐GUS gene expression reflects the particular transcriptional regulation impacted on this gene by its cis‐acting regulatory sequences.
Two Distinct Mechanisms of Chromatin Interaction by the Isw2 Chromatin Remodeling Complex In Vivo

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isw2 complex slides nucleosomes to remodel chromatin in vivo. Our data suggested a model in which Isw2 complex binds the histone octamer and DNA separately to generate the force necessary for nucleosome movement. Here we find that the histone H4 “basic patch” is the only portion of any amino-terminal histone tail required for both target-specific association of Isw2 complex with chromatin and chromatin remodeling in vivo, whereas it is dispensable for basal levels of chromatin binding. Similarly, we find that nonremodeled chromatin structure and integrity of Isw2 complex are required only for target-specific association of Isw2 with chromatin. These data demonstrate fundamental differences between the target-specific and basal modes of chromatin binding by Isw2 complex in vivo and suggest that only the former involves contributions from DNA, histone H4, and sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. We propose a model for target recognition and chromatin remodeling by Isw2 complex in vivo.
Effects of Introducing a Performance Management System on Employees' Subsequent Attitudes and Effort

A longitudinal evaluation was conducted on the effects of introducing a performance management system (PMS), which featured merit-based bonus pay, on subsequent employee attitudes and self-reported work effort in a small, government organization. Additionally, employees' targets of blame for receiving lower-than-expected ratings were explored. A significant change in employees' organizational commitment occurred over the time that the PMS was implemented, with a substantial increase occurring within the performance planning/goal-setting phase, followed by a slight decay over the following year, but still ending higher than the pre-PMS baseline level. Substantial increases in ratings of satisfaction and cooperation with one's supervisor were found with the introduction of the PMS for low performers (particularly following the performance planning/goal-setting phase). In contrast, however, high performers had high base-line levels of these attitudes toward supervision, followed by substantial drops immediately after receiving appraisal and bonus pay distributions. As anticipated, most participants in this study had expected a performance rating higher than they actually received, and most of these individuals made external attributions for the rating discrepancy, blaming either their supervisor, the organization, or the PMS itself. However, neither having received a lower-than-expected appraisal rating nor having made external attributions for a lower-than-expected rating were related to changes in attitudes or self-reported effort.
An Application of the LeJour Vertical Mammaplasty Pattern for Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: A Preliminary Report

An application of the LeJour vertical mammaplasty skin pattern for skin-sparing mastectomy is presented. The approach provides adequate access for the mastectomy, axillary dissection, and immediate breast reconstruction. The technique is ideal for patients with large or ptotic breasts undergoing a simultaneous contralateral breast reduction or mastopexy. It is particularly suitable for autogenous tissue reconstruction. Its use in mastectomies for cancer and prophylactic subcutaneous mastectomies is described.
Can Organizing Work? An Inductive Analysis of Individual Attitudes toward Union Membership

This inductive examination of responses to open-ended questions in a 1997 survey categorizes and assesses workers' attitudes toward unions. The author's content analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and textual analysis of the survey responses yield several results with implications for the prospects of a union organizing strategy. Although only a minority of workers in the sample were union members, most members were committed to the union, whereas most non-members held uncommitted attitudes about joining. Some union members appeared likely to be willing and able to help with union recruitment. Respondents were more likely to be union members the greater their awareness of workplace injustice, but most of them expected unions to “deliver,” and resented failed strike activity and leaders who were out of touch. The author identifies unexploited opportunities for union organizing, and believes that unions can weather their current difficulties.
Toward the development of benchmarking tools for R&D project management

This paper presents an audit model for the process of R&D project management that can be used to check the robustness and repeatability of processes and provide a template for internal and external benchmarking. The intention is to offer a ‘fine-grained’ model focusing rather closely on the R&D activities within the broader innovation process, thus complementing the more widely based innovation audit models that already exist. Based on field-work in six business units in ICI and five companies from other industries, the paper sets out three major variants of the R&D project management process. These variants reflect the fact that R&D projects take place in different circumstances and have different objectives.