Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorptive Granulocyte and Monocyte Apheresis in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: The First Multicenter Study in China

Background/Aims Patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) have elevated levels of activated myeloid-derived leukocytes as a source of inflammatory cytokines. The selective depletion of these leukocytes by adsorptive granulocyte/monocyte apheresis (GMA) with an Adacolumn should alleviate inflammation, promote remission and enhance drug efficacy. However, studies have reported contrasting efficacy outcomes based on patients’ baseline demographic variables. This study was undertaken to understand the demographic features of GMA responders and nonresponders. Methods This was a multicenter study in China involving four institutions and 34 patients with active UC. Baseline conventional medications were continued without changing the dosage. The treatment efficacy was evaluated based on the endoscopic activity index and the Mayo score. Results Thirty of the 34 patients completed all 10 GMA treatment sessions. The overall efficacy rate was 70.59%. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve was approximately 0.766 for a Mayo score of ≤5.5 with 0.273 specificity and 0.857 sensitivity (Youden index, 0.584) for GMA responders. No GMA-related serious adverse events were observed. Conclusions The overall efficacy of GMA in patients with active UC who were taking first-line medications or were corticosteroid refractory was encouraging. Additionally, GMA was well tolerated and had a good safety profile.
A novel method of 6-DoF electromagnetic navigation system for surgical robot

The accurate magnetic localization and orientation technique has dramatically enhanced the applications of capsule endoscope for the gastrointestinal (GI) tract examination. Yet, the surgical robot has been hindered to use widely due to the limitations of current surgical navigation technique. In this paper, an electromagnetic navigation system based on coils and magnetic sensor is introduced. The coils perform as the excitation sources to create the variable magnetic field, and which is received by the magnetic sensor. The coupling between excitation sources and magnetic sensor can determine a set of equations which contain the 6-D parameters of position and orientation information. Then, the nonlinear algorithm is given to solve these equations, and the simulation results show that we can obtain acceptable accuracy of position and orientation through this method. In additional, the relationship between the SNR and the accuracy of position and orientation also be analyzed, at the minimum SNR level with 45dB, the average error of position and orientation are 1mm and 0.5°.
Modelling of Intersonic Crack Growth in Unidirectional Composite Plates

We investigate the feasibility of cohesive theories of fracture, in conjunction with the direct simulations of shear-load dominated fracture, to numerically reproduce the inter-sonic crack propagation in unidirectional graphite-epoxy composite plates [1]. The particular configuration contemplated in this study refers to the experiments performed by Coker and Rosakis [2, 3]. The numerical simulations capture closely the experimentally observed double shock wave structure, the large-scale contact along the fracture surfaces as well as the “hot spots” generated by frictional heating. The crack initiation and crack speed history are accurately predicted, without invoking any additional criteria, as a direct out-coming of calculations.
Toward an Integrated Tool Environment for Static Analysis of UML Class and Sequence Models

There is a need for more rigorous analysis techniques that developers can use for verifying the critical properties in UML models. The UML-based Specification Environment (USE) tool supports verification of invariants, preconditions, and post- conditions specified in the Object Constraint Language (OCL). Due to its animation and analysis power, it is useful when checking critical non-functional properties such as security policies. However, the USE requires one to specify a model using its own textual language and does not allow one to import any model specification files created by other UML modeling tools. Hence, you would create a model with OCL constraints using a modeling tool such as the IBM Rational Software Architect (RSA) and then use the USE for the model verification. This approach, however, requires a manual transformation between two different specification formats, which diminishes advan- tage of using tools for model-level verification. In this paper, we describe our own implementation of a specification transformation engine based on the Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) framework. Our approach currently supports automatic tool-level transformations to USE from UML modeling tools built on the Eclipse-based Modeling Framework (EMF).
Optimal tuning of lasing modes through collective particle resonance

One of the current challenges in laser optics is to take advantage of the resonant modes within particles to obtain high-quality microcavities with low threshold. We present a study of the effect that the internal resonances of individual particles have on the emitted intensity, and demonstrate how optimal tuning of the size and separation of the particles can enhance the quality factor by more than four orders of magnitude. The potential applications of this work on the design of an optimal microcavity and on a random laser are discussed.
Virus Movements on the Plasma Membrane Support Infection and Transmission between Cells

How viruses are transmitted across the mucosal epithelia of the respiratory, digestive, or excretory tracts, and how they spread from cell to cell and cause systemic infections, is incompletely understood. Recent advances from single virus tracking experiments have revealed conserved patterns of virus movements on the plasma membrane, including diffusive motions, drifting motions depending on retrograde flow of actin filaments or actin tail formation by polymerization, and confinement to submicrometer areas. Here, we discuss how viruses take advantage of cellular mechanisms that normally drive the movements of proteins and lipids on the cell surface. A concept emerges where short periods of fast diffusive motions allow viruses to rapidly move over several micrometers. Coupling to actin flow supports directional transport of virus particles during entry and cell-cell transmission, and local confinement coincides with either nonproductive stalling or infectious endocytic uptake. These conserved features of virus–host interactions upstream of infectious entry offer new perspectives for anti-viral interference.
The internal dynamics of the Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxies NGC 147, 185 and 205★

We present three-integral dynamical models for the three Local Group dwarf elliptical galaxies: NGC 147, 185 and 205. These models are fitted to the Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) J-band surface-brightness distribution and the major-axis kinematics (mean streaming velocity and velocity dispersion) and, in the case of NGC 205, also to the minor-axis kinematics. The kinematical information extends out to 2R e in the case of NGC 205 and out to about 1R e in the case of NGC 147 and 185. It is the first time models are constructed for the Local Group dwarf ellipticals (dEs) that allow for the presence of dark matter at large radii and that are constrained by kinematics out to at least one half-light radius. The B-band mass-to-light ratios of all the three galaxies are rather similar, (M/L) B ≈ 3-4 M ⊙ /L ⊙,B . Within the inner two half-light radii, about 40-50 per cent of the mass is in the form of dark matter, so dEs contain about as much dark matter as bright ellipticals. Based on their appreciable apparent flattening, we modelled NGC 205 and 147 as being viewed edge-on. For NGC 185, having a much rounder appearance on the sky, we produced models for different inclinations. NGC 205 and 147 have a relatively isotropic velocity dispersion tensor within the region where the internal dynamics are strongly constrained by the data. Our estimated inclination for NGC 185 is i ≈ 50° because in that case the model has an intrinsic flattening close to the peak of the intrinsic shape distribution of dEs and it, like the best-fitting models for NGC 147 and 205, is nearly isotropic. We also show that the dynamical properties of the bright nucleus of NGC 205 are not unlike those of a massive globular cluster.
Semi-automatic Evaluation System for Supporting Term Extraction Application Development

Important term extraction from the current web page is a common process in many client-based web applications such as query-free search, search query recommendation, information extraction, user profiling, and personalization. However, the tuning cost is large for deciding parameters when updating modules or dictionaries, or when porting an application for other languages or devices. We propose an evaluation system to collect web pages and corresponding correct data with visual check and automatic tuning of parameters. We confirmed the practicality of this system through the development and the two-month refinement of first query term extraction module.
Vacuum accumulation solution to the strong CP problem

We suggest a solution to the strong CP problem in which there are no axions involved. The superselection rule of the \theta-vacua is dynamically lifted in such a way that an infinite number of vacua are accumulated within the phenomenologically acceptable range of \theta < 10^{-9}, whereas only a measure-zero set of vacua remains outside of this interval. The general prediction is the existence of membranes to which the standard model gauge fields are coupled. These branes may be light enough for being produced at the particle accelerators in form of the resonances with a characteristic membrane spectrum.
Automated Identification of Differential Signatures in Cellular Populations

FlowCAP-II Summit 2011 will assemble the key stakeholders in field to present and discuss the results from the FlowCAP-II competition, and to discuss how automated methods are being used to address biological questions. The FlowCAP project (http://flowcap.flowsite.org/) was established to provide a mechanism to compare and contrast the utility of these novel computational approaches as applied to a common set of reference datasets. The objectives of this two-day workshop are to: · Allow developers of novel computational algorithms to describe their methods and present the results from their initial analysis of the seven FlowCAP-2 Challenges · Allow key representatives of the flow cytometry user community to review and critique the results; · Discuss how the new computational methods could be improved to meet the needs of the user community; · Discuss opportunities for additional analytical solutions to solve problems for other data related to flow cytometry. This session will explore some of the current challenges faced by the flow cytometry community in analyzing flow cytometry data, including rare population detection, assessment of cellular activation responses, evaluation of disease states, therapeutic responses and longitudinal analysis of temporal changes. Talks by data providers discussing the datasets, their evaluation criteria and results (FlowCAP-CC). Each challenge and its results will be discussed in turn, with added discussion at end. We hope the participants will discuss features they used to discriminate between groups to perhaps help us understand potential batch effect issues. The goal of this challenge was to find cell populations that can be used to discriminate between HEU (n = 20) and UE (n = 24) infants. Blood samples were taken at 6 months after birth and were left unstimulated (for control) or stimulated with 6 Toll-like receptor molecules. The goal of this challenge was to find cell populations that can be used to discriminate between AML positive (n = 43) and healthy donor (n = 316) patients. Peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirate samples were collected over a 1 year period using 8 tubes with different marker combinations. The goal of this challenge was to correctly label the antigen stimulation group of post-HIV vaccine T-cells. The data set contains samples from 48 individuals (column " pub-id " in the metadata). Each individual received an experimental HIV vaccine. Samples were collected approximately 10 months later and T-cells challenged with two antigens (ENV-1-PTEG and GAG-1-PTEG, column " antigen " in the meta-data). The response …
Pharmacologic Specificity of Nicotinic Receptor-Mediated Relaxation of Muscarinic Receptor Precontracted Human Gastric Clasp and Sling Muscle Fibers within the Gastroesophageal Junction

Relaxation of gastric clasp and sling muscle fibers is involved the transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations underlying the pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These fibers do not contribute tone to the high-pressure zone in GERD patients, indicating their role in pathophysiology. This study identifies some mediators of the nicotine-induced relaxation of muscarinic receptor precontracted gastric clasp and sling fibers. Muscle strips from organ donors precontracted with bethanechol were relaxed with nicotine and then rechallenged after washing and adding inhibitors tetrodotoxin (TTX), the nitric-oxide synthase inhibitor l-nitro-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine or ginkgolide B, and the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline or 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-6-(4 methoxyphenyl)pyridazinium bromide [(gabazine) SR95531]. TTX only inhibited clasp fiber relaxations. l-NAME and propranolol inhibited, and ginkgolide B was ineffective in both. SR95531 was ineffective in clasp fibers and partially effective in sling fibers. Strychnine and bicuculline prevented relaxations with low potency, indicating actions not on glycine or GABAA receptors but more consistent with nicotinic receptor blockade. Bethanechol-precontracted fibers were relaxed by the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine and by the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (clasp fibers only) but not by the glycine receptor agonist taurine or glycine or the GABAA agonist muscimol. These data indicate that nicotinic receptor activation mediates relaxation via release of nitric oxide in clasp and sling fibers, norepinephrine acting on β-adrenoceptors in clasp fibers, and GABA acting on GABAA receptors in sling fibers. Agents that selectively prevent these relaxations may be useful in the treatment of GERD.
Culture and Change in Developing Western Countries

There is an inherent assumption in the organization-development (OD) literature that change and leadership in an organization are helped or hindered by the culture that is found among the individuals that populate the “organization. ” Additionally, layered upon this is the idea that national/ethnic cultures contribute to the dynamics of organizational change. This latter assumption is informed by the idea that different nationalities have “hard-wired” ways of coping with organizational life, and the work of Hofstede (1985, 2001) and Trompenaars & Hampden-Turner (1998) would appear to support the idea that national culture and societal values play a significant role in organizational life via organizational culture. Interestingly, the prevailing assumption is that the US/UK and Northern European models of organizational functioning are the ones that developing countries
A Review and Analysis of Software Complexity Metrics in Structural Testing

—Software metrics is developed and used by the various software organizations for evaluating and assuring software code quality, operation, and maintenance. Software metrics measure various types of software complexity like size metrics, control flow metrics and data flow metrics. These software complexities must be continuously calculated, followed, and controlled. One of the main objectives of software metrics is that applies to a process and product metrics. It is always considered that high degree of complexity in a module is bad in comparison to a low degree of complexity in a module. Software metrics can be used in different phases of the software development lifecycle. This paper reviews the theory, called “software complexity metrics”, and analysis has been done based on static analysis. We try to evaluate and analyze different aspects of software metrics in structural testing which offers of estimating the effort needed for testing.
The knowledge base and research front of information science 2006–2010: An author cocitation and bibliographic coupling analysis

This study continues a long history of author cocitation analysis (and more recently, author bibliographic coupling analysis) of the intellectual structure of information science (IS) into the time period 2006 to 2010 (IS 2006–2010). We find that web technologies continue to drive developments, especially at the research front, although perhaps more indirectly than before. A broadening of perspectives is visible in IS 2006–2010, where network science becomes influential and where full‐text analysis methods complement traditional computer science influences. Research in the areas of the h‐index and mapping of science appears to have been highlights of IS 2006–2011. This study tests and confirms a forecast made previously by comparing knowledge‐base and research‐front findings for IS 2001–2005, which expected both the information retrieval (IR) systems and webometrics specialties to shrink in 2006 to 2010. A corresponding comparison of the knowledge base and research front of IS 2006–2010 suggests a continuing decline of the IR systems specialty in the near future, but also a considerable (re)growth of the webometrics area after a period of decline from 2001 to 2005 and 2006 to 2010, with the latter due perhaps in part to its contribution to an emerging web science.
Quantized wavelet features and support vector machines for on-road vehicle detection

The focus of this work is on the problem of feature selection and classification for on-road vehicle detection. In particular, we propose using quantized Haar wavelet features and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) for rear-view vehicle detection. Wavelet features are particularly attractive for vehicle detection because they form a compact representation, encode edge information, capture information from multiple scales, and can be computed efficiently. Traditionally, methods using wavelet features for classification truncate the coefficients by keeping only the ones with largest magnitude. We believe that the actual values of the wavelet coefficients are not very important for vehicle detection. In fact, the coefficient magnitudes indicate local oriented intensity differences, information that cold be very different even for the same vehicle under different lighting conditions. Therefore, we argue and demonstrate experimentally that the actual coefficient values are less important compared to the simple presence or absence of those coefficients. Specifically, we propose quantizing large negative coefficients to -1, large positive coefficients to 1, and setting the rest coefficients to 0. The quantized coefficients seem to encode important information about the general shape and structure of vehicles, while ignoring fine details and allowing for sufficient inter-class variability. Experimental results and comparisons using real data demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach which has achieved an average accuracy of 93.94% on completely novel test images.
DNA Tunneling Detector Embedded in a Nanopore

We report on the fabrication and characterization of a DNA nanopore detector with integrated tunneling electrodes. Functional tunneling devices were identified by tunneling spectroscopy in different solvents and then used in proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating, for the first time, concurrent tunneling detection and ionic current detection of DNA molecules in a nanopore platform. This is an important step toward ultrafast DNA sequencing by tunneling.
Energy Efficient Distributed Relay Selection in Wireless Cooperative Networks with Finite State Markov Channels

Relay selection is crucial in improving the performance of wireless cooperative networks. Most of previous works for relay selection use the current observed channel conditions to make the relay selection decision for the subsequent frame. However, this assumption is often not realistic given the time-varying nature of some mobile environments. In this paper, we consider finite state Markov channels in the relay selection problem. Moreover, we also incorporate adaptive modulation and coding, as well as residual relay energy in the relay selection process. The objectives of the proposed scheme are not only to increase spectral efficiency, mitigate error propagation, but also to maximize the network lifetime. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Movement disorders in children.

1. Bradley L. Schlaggar, MD, PhD* 2. Jonathan W. Mink, MD, PhD† 1. *Assistant Professor of Neurology, Radiology, and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, MO 2. †Associate Professor of Neurology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, and Pediatrics; Chief, Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital at Strong, Rochester, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the prevalence of tic disorder 2. Characterize the treatment of tic disorder 3. Explain how movement disorders can differ from autism and mental retardation 4. Describe the use of stimulant medication in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with a tic disorder 5. Compare and contrast dopa-responsive dystonia and cerebral palsy Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, in 1964, while trying to define “obscenity,” articulated the now well-known “I shall not today attempt to define the kinds of material I understand to be embraced … [b]ut I know it when I see it …. ” In some respects, a similar comment can be made about movement disorders. A movement disorder typically is defined as dysfunction in the implementation of appropriate targeting and velocity of intended movements, dysfunction of posture, the presence of abnormal involuntary movements, or the performance of normal-appearing movements at inappropriate or unintended times. The movement abnormalities are not due to weakness or abnormal muscle tone, but may be accompanied by weakness or abnormal tone By convention, movement disorders are divided into two major categories. The first is hyperkinetic movement disorders, sometimes referred to as dyskinesias. This term refers to abnormal, repetitive involuntary movements and encompasses most of the childhood movement disorders, including tics, chorea/ballismus, dystonia, myoclonus, stereotypies, and tremor. The second category is hypokinetic movement disorders, sometimes referred to as akinetic/rigid disorders. The primary movement disorder in this category is parkinsonism, manifested primarily in adulthood as Parkinson disease or one of many forms of secondary parkinsonism. Hypokinetic disorders are relatively uncommon in children. Although ataxia, weakness, and spasticity are characterized by motor dysfunction, by common convention these entities are not included among “movement disorders. ” This review focuses on dyskinesias because they represent the bulk of movement disorders in children The components of the …