Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Zn Insertion into Nanostructured δ-MnO2: A Nonaqueous Rechargeable Zn Metal Battery

Unlike the more established lithium-ion based energy storage chemistries, the complex intercalation chemistry of multivalent cations in a host lattice is not well understood, especially the relationship between the intercalating species solution chemistry and the prevalence and type of side reactions. Among multivalent metals, a promising model system can be based on nonaqueous Zn2+ ion chemistry. Several examples of these systems support the use of a Zn metal anode, and reversible intercalation cathodes have been reported. This study utilizes a combination of analytical tools to probe the chemistry of a nanostructured δ-MnO2 cathode in association with a nonaqueous acetonitrile–Zn(TFSI)2 electrolyte and a Zn metal anode. As many of the issues related to understanding a multivalent battery relate to the electrolyte–electrode interface, the high surface area of a nanostructured cathode provides a significant interface between the electrolyte and cathode host that maximizes the spectroscopic signal of any s.
Study of Morphology of Mandibular Canal Through Computed Tomography

El objetivo fue estudiar la morfologia del canal mandibular en la tomografia computadorizada (TC), con el fin de ayudar en el manejo clinico y quirurgico de las intervenciones dentales en el area de la mandibula. El material utilizado incluyo 377 TC, seleccionadas por edad (entre 15 y 80 anos), obtenidas durante el periodo 2011-2013 desde el banco de datos de una clinica privada de radiologia en la ciudad de Caruaru-PE, Brasil. Noventa y seis TC cumplieron los criterios de inclusion (37,5% hombres y 62,5% mujeres). En relacion a la forma del canal mandibular, todas las imagenes presentaron un solo canal, bilateral, que se extiendio desde el foramen mandibular hasta el foramen mental, sin ningun cambio morfologico. En el 37,5% de las TC hubo canales mandibulares clasificados como Tipo I; en 22,92% tipo II y III. Solo el 16,66% presento canales tipo IV. Destacamos la importancia de conocer la anatomia de la mandibula, asi como el trayecto del nervio alveolar inferior en el canal mandibular, especialmente para la realizacion de los diversos procedimientos en esta region con el fin de minimizar el dano a los haces neurovasculares.
CD209+ Macrophages Mediate Host Defense against Propionibacterium acnes1

Propionibacterium acnes is a major etiological factor of acne, triggering an inflammatory response in part through the activation of TLR2. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of peripheral blood monocytes with P. acnes in vitro induced their differentiation into two distinct innate immune cell subsets, CD209+ macrophages and CD1b+ dendritic cells. Furthermore, P. acnes induced expression of mRNA for the cytokines IL-15 and GM-CSF, which differentiate CD209+ and CD1b+ cells, respectively. The CD209+ cells were more effective in uptake of P. acnes, compared with the CD1b+ cells, and demonstrated a 2-fold greater antimicrobial activity against the phagocytosed bacteria. Although CD1b+ cells secreted inflammatory cytokines in response to both P. acnes and a TLR2 ligand control, the CD209+ cells responded only to P. acnes. The addition of all-trans retinoic acid, a commonly used agent for the treatment of acne, directly induced differentiation of monocytes into CD209+ macrophages and enhanced the P. acnes-mediated differentiation of the CD209+ subset. Therefore, the differentiation of monocytes into CD209+ macrophages and CD1b+ dendritic cells distinctly mediate the innate immune response to P. acnes.
An historical perspective on instructional design: is it time to exchange Skinner's teaching machine for Dewey's toolbox

Student learning is not accidental: it is the direct result of what has been designed, intentionally or uninten­ tionally, by teachers, schools, curriculum developers and communities. Behind teaching and learnng events are beliefs about learning which directly influence what students experience. This paper provides an historical perspective on current instructional design practices. While attendees at this conference may find it easy to discount the inadequacy of traditional theories of in­ struction, an understanding of the historical evolution of these theories and their pervasive influence on K-12 education is necessary if we want to support teaching reform efforts. Without an understanding of the evolu­ tion of current teaching practices, change efforts may
Investigating Per-user Time Sensitivity of Search Topics

Search engines give the same results for the same query. They do not consider that a user’s topics of interest may diverge at different times even if the query terms are the same. This paper presents the findings of a study into how different topics of interest of a user are influenced by time. The results show that most of the users have time sensitive search patterns, indicating that they have different topics of interest that are dominant at different times.
Constructivist neural network models of cognitive development

In this thesis I investigate the modelling of cognitive development with constructivist neural networks. I argue that the constructivist nature of development, that is, the building of a cognitive system through active interactions with its environment, is an essential property of human development and should be considered in models of cognitive development. I evaluate this claim on the basis of evidence from cortical development, cognitive development, and learning theory. In an empirical evaluation of this claim, I then present a constructivist neural network model of the acquisition of the English past tense and of impaired inflectional processing in German agrammatic aphasics. The model displays a realistic course of acquisition, closely modelling the U-shaped learning curve and more detailed effects such as frequency and family effects. Further, themodel develops double dissociations between regular and irregular verbs. I argue that the ability of the model to account for the human data is based on its constructivist nature, and this claim is backed by an analogous, but non-constructivist model that does not display many aspects of the human behaviour. Based on these results I develop a taxonomy for cognitive models that incorporates architectural and developmental aspects besides the traditional distinction between symbolic and subsymbolic processing. When the model is trained on the German participle and is then lesioned by removing connections, the breakdown in performance reflects the profiles of German agrammatic aphasics. Irregular inflections are selectively impaired and are often overregularized. Further, the model shows frequency effects and the regularity-continuum effect that are also observed in aphasic subjects. The model predicts that an aphasic profile with selectively impaired regular inflections would be evidence for a locally distinct processing of regular and irregular inflections. Based on these results, I propose that inflectional processing, often claimed to involve qualitatively distinct mechanisms including a mental rule, is better explained by a model that operates with a single mechanism for both regular and irregular inflections but develops dual representations in a constructivist learning process. The arguments from biology, development and learning theory together with the empirical results presented in this thesis make a strong case for modelling cognitive development with constructivist neural networks.
Internal maxillary artery pseudoaneurysm subsequent gunshot wound in a teenager.

To the Editor: Head and neck pseudoaneurysm secondary to a gunshot wound is a rare injury, which requires a multidisciplinary management. Internal maxillary pseudoaneurysms (IMAPs) are rare lesions in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Anatomic distribution of the external carotid artery branches are protected by surrounded tissue from injuries. However, sharp-edged wounds as a result of gunshot wounds disrupt this protection, inducing bone fracture, vascular lesions, and neurologic disturbances. Diagnosis of IMAP is established after obtaining medical history, with patients usually claiming to have pulsing region and epistaxis after a period. Nevertheless, diagnostic images are the only tools for vascular lesions diagnosis. Treatment may be classified as invasive through surgical intervention or noninvasive, which involves hematoma compression. We present a case of IMAP secondary to a gunshot wound in a 15-year-old teenager, treated through embolization with N-butyl-2cyanoacrylate glue.
Interaction of Mycobacterium avium-Containing Phagosomes with the Antigen Presentation Pathway1

Pathogenic mycobacteria infect macrophages where they replicate in phagosomes that minimize contact with late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Loading of Ags to MHC class II molecules occurs in specialized compartments with late endosomal characteristics. This points to a sequestration of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes from the sites where Ags meet MHC class II molecules. Indeed, in resting macrophages MHC class II levels decreased strongly in phagosomes containing M. avium during a 4-day infection. Phagosomal MHC class II of early (4 h) infections was partly surface-derived and associated with peptide. Activation of host macrophages led to the appearance of H2-M, a chaperon of Ag loading, and to a strong increase in MHC class II molecules in phagosomes of acute (1 day) infections. Comparison with the kinetics of MHC class II acquisition by IgG-coated bead-containing phagosomes suggests that the arrest in phagosome maturation by mycobacteria limits the intersection of mycobacteria-containing phagosomes with the intracellular trafficking pathways of Ag-presenting molecules.
Simple Orbit Determination Using GPS Based on a Least-Squares Algorithm Employing Sequential Givens Rotations

A low-cost computer procedure to determine the orbit of an artificial satellite by using short arc data from an onboard GPS receiver is proposed. Pseudoranges are used as measurements to estimate the orbit via recursive least squares method. The algorithm applies orthogonal Givens rotations for solving recursive and sequential orbit determination problems. To assess the procedure, it was applied to the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite for data batches of one orbital period (approximately two hours), and force modelling, due to the full JGM-2 gravity field model, was considered. When compared with the reference Precision Orbit Ephemeris (POE) of JPL/NASA, the results have indicated that precision better than 9 m is easily obtained, even when short batches of data are used.
Exploiting feature Representations Through Similarity Learning and Ranking Aggregation for Person Re-identification

Person re-identification has received special attentionby the human analysis community in the last few years.To address the challenges in this field, many researchers haveproposed different strategies, which basically exploit eithercross-view invariant features or cross-view robust metrics. Inthis work we propose to combine different feature representationsthrough ranking aggregation. Spatial information, whichpotentially benefits the person matching, is represented usinga 2D body model, from which color and texture informationare extracted and combined. We also consider contextualinformation (background and foreground data), automaticallyextracted via Deep Decompositional Network, and the usage ofConvolutional Neural Network (CNN) features. To describe thematching between images we use the polynomial feature map,also taking into account local and global information. Finally,the Stuart ranking aggregation method is employed to combinecomplementary ranking lists obtained from different featurerepresentations. Experimental results demonstrated that weimprove the state-of-the-art on VIPeR and PRID450s datasets,achieving 58.77% and 71.56% on top-1 rank recognitionrate, respectively, as well as obtaining competitive results onCUHK01 dataset.
Spatiotemporal Aspects of the Monitoring of Complex Events for Public Security Purposes

Abstract The proposals discussed in the paper are used for the development of a system providing assistance to the security staff during a large-scale event involving a large number of participants. A subsystem deals with the SMS messages sent by the security staff (observers) and processes the information they convey. The system provides the security personnel (analysts) with visualization facilities and suggestions for actions, and keeps track of the information exchanged for further use. The paper presents arguments in favor of the formalism called XRCDC (an extension of the Region Cardinal Direction Calculus) designed to represent events and spatiotemporal reasoning about them.
Towards Ontological Question Answering

This paper presents an ontology-based semantic framework to question answering. Both question and source text are parsed into underspecified semantic expressions where names of semantic atoms and predicates are defined in an interlingual ontology. Answer retrieval is done using subsumption and unification, and queries are expanded incrementally using ontological rules. Ranking of answers is achieved by using graded unification.
Algorithm and simulation of network setup and topology discovery based on circle-distributed 2-hops WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been identified as being useful in a variety of domains from the battlefield to environmental monitoring. We motivate the security problems that sensor networks face by developing a scenario representative of a circle-distributed 2-hops network model. Threats are identified to this model and a new lightweight security solution, comprised of the topology discovery and network set protocol and the network repair protocol (TDNSR), is proposed which operates in the base station; while the resource constraints of sensor networks are traded off. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can rapidly setup and repair the network to meet with the request of security, while the cost, in terms of energy consumption, is decreased efficient.
On coding over finite “packets” in wireless communication systems

Future wireless communications will face the dual challenge of supporting large traffic volume while providing reliable service for various kinds of delay-sensitive traffic. In light of this challenge, this paper investigates the throughput performance of a wireless communication system under channel coding over finite “packets. ” When we apply coding over multiple “packets,” the underlying wireless channel can be effectively modeled as a finite-state Markov process. By linking the characteristics of the underlying physical channel to the parameters of the Markov process, we are able to derive the channel dispersion of the corresponding system. The channel dispersion is then used to assess the coding performance of various communication strategies. It is interesting to find that when there is a constraint on the total blocklength, coding over large “packets” will give better performance than that of coding over small “packets”.
Levels of serotonin, sclerostin, bone turnover markers as well as bone density and microarchitecture in patients with high‐bone‐mass phenotype due to a mutation in Lrp5

Patients with an activation mutation of the Lrp5 gene exhibit high bone mass (HBM). Limited information is available regarding compartment‐specific changes in bone. The relationship between the phenotype and serum serotonin is not well documented. To evaluate bone, serotonin, and bone turnover markers (BTM) in Lrp5‐HBM patients, we studied 19 Lrp5‐HBM patients (T253I) and 19 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. DXA and HR‐pQCT were used to assess BMD and bone structure. Serum serotonin, sclerostin, dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1), and BTM were evaluated. Z‐scores for the forearm, total hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and whole body were significantly increased (mean ± SD) between 4.94 ± 1.45 and 7.52 ± 1.99 in cases versus −0.19 ± 1.19 to 0.58 ± 0.84 in controls. Tibial and radial cortical areas, thicknesses, and BMD were significantly higher in cases. In cases, BMD at the lumbar spine and forearm and cortical thickness were positively associated and trabecular area negatively associated with age (r = 0.49, 0.57, 0.74, and −0.61, respectively, p < .05). Serotonin was lowest in cases (69.5 [29.9–110.4] ng/mL versus 119.4 [62.3–231.0] ng/mL, p < .001) and inversely associated with tibial cortical density (r = −0.49, p < .05) and directly with osteocalcin (OC), bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (B‐ALP), and procollagen type 1 amino‐terminal propeptide (PINP) (r = 0.52–0.65, p < .05) in controls only. OC and S‐CTX were lower and sclerostin higher in cases, whereas B‐ALP, PINP, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and dickkopf‐related protein 1 (DKK1) were similar in cases and controls. In conclusion, increased bone mass in Lrp5‐HBM patients seems to be caused primarily by changes in trabecular and cortical bone mass and structure. The phenotype appeared to progress with age, but BTM did not suggest increased bone formation. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Isolation of a non-collagenous reticulin component and its primary characterization.

Abstract A reticulin component has been extracted from the saline insoluble residue of pig renal cortex and liver by a distilled water dispersion method. The water dispersed component, that could be precipitated by addition of NaCl up to 0·15 mol/l, was proved to be a protein distinct from collagen in that it contained no hydroxyproline and 9% glycine. The carbohydrate content was 4%, consisting mainly of galactose and mannose. The protein showed an affinity for the silver impregnation method, as used for reticulin. Antibodies to it, raised in rabbits, showed typical anti-reticulin staining by immunofluorescent techniques. It is suggested therefore that this protein, having peculiar solubility characteristics, may be a significant, non-collagenous component of reticulin.
Signature Gene Distribution in Sediments of the 1 Northern South China Sea – an indicator for the metabolic intersection of 2 the marine carbon , nitrogen and phosphorus cycles ?

4 Hongyue Dang, Haixia Zhou, Jinying Yang, Huangmin Ge, Nianzhi Jiao, Xiwu Luan, 5 Chuanlun Zhang, and Martin G. Klotz 6 7 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Biotechnology in 8 Universities of Shandong, Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum 9 (East China), Qingdao 266580, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen 10 University, Xiamen 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai 11 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Hydrocarbon Resources and Environmental Geology, Ministry of 12 Land and Resources of China, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 13 266071, China; and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA 14 15 AEM Section: Microbial Ecology 16 17
Protein folding in the landscape perspective: Chevron plots and non‐arrhenius kinetics

We use two simple models and the energy landscape perspective to study protein folding kinetics. A major challenge has been to use the landscape perspective to interpret experimental data, which requires ensemble averaging over the microscopic trajectories usually observed in such models. Here, because of the simplicity of the model, this can be achieved. The kinetics of protein folding falls into two classes: multiple‐exponential and two‐state (single‐exponential) kinetics. Experiments show that two‐state relaxation times have “chevron plot” dependences on denaturant and non‐Arrhenius dependences on temperature. We find that HP and HP+ models can account for these behaviors. The HP model often gives bumpy landscapes with many kinetic traps and multiple‐exponental behavior, whereas the HP+ model gives more smooth funnels and two‐state behavior. Multiple‐exponential kinetics often involves fast collapse into kinetic traps and slower barrier climbing out of the traps. Two‐state kinetics often involves entropic barriers where conformational searching limits the folding speed. Transition states and activation barriers need not define a single conformation; they can involve a broad ensemble of the conformations searched on the way to the native state. We find that unfolding is not always a direct reversal of the folding process. Proteins 30:2–33, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Supervised Learning Concept for Reducing User Interaction in Passenger Cars

In this article an automation system for human-machine-interfaces (HMI) for setpoint adjustment using supervised learning is presented. We use HMIs of multi-modal thermal conditioning systems in passenger cars as example for a complex setpoint selection system. The goal is the reduction of interaction complexity up to full automation. The approach is not limited to climate control applications but can be extended to other setpoint-based HMIs.
A novel tool to detect behavioural symptoms in ALS

Abstract There is need for a valid, sensitive and short instrument capable of detecting and quantifying behavioural changes in ALS, which can be utilized in clinical and research settings. This study aimed to 1) develop and validate such an instrument; 2) verify the most common behavioural symptoms; and 3) investigate longitudinal changes over a six-month period. Two hundred and nineteen patients were included. The development sample (n = 140) was used to determine the most appropriate items to include in the new tool, the Motor Neuron Disease Behavioural Instrument (MiND-B), via a data-driven approach. An independent sample (n = 79) validated the tool. A more comprehensive sample (n = 50, sub-classified into ALS and ALS plus) was utilized to verify if the MiND-B could detect ALS plus patients. Finally, 20 ALS patients completed the MiND-B after a six-month period. Apathy, disinhibition and stereotypical behaviour were all found to be very common symptoms in ALS occurring in 75%, 66% and 58%, respectively, of cases. Notably, the MiND-B could identify ALS plus patients without standard cognitive assessments. In conclusion, the MiND-B tool can detect patients with ALS plus reliably, by means of questions to the informant. This test could enable ALS centres to evaluate non-motor symptoms and adapt management and decision-making approaches as necessary. *only available in the online version of the journal. Please find this material with the following direct link to the article: http://www.informahealthcare. com/(DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2014.896927)
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 5-2-2012 THE USAGE OF INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY SETTINGS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES-DRAWING DESIRED DIGITAL IMAGES OF ONESELF

Social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook have created a new way for individuals to share personal data and interact with each other on the Internet. The disclosure of this personal data is directly tied to the existing relationships of individuals within an SNS. Individual privacy settings allow a selective disclosure of personal data to specific connected individuals. In this paper, we present first empirical insights of a grounded theory study, based on 37 qualitative interviews with Facebook users, which reveal factors that drive, or generally influence, the use of these individual privacy settings on SNS. By investigating this privacy protection behaviour towards connected individuals, so-called ‘friends’ in Facebook’s terminology, we add new perspectives to existing theories of information privacy protection – individuals’ privacy protection behaviour in nonanonymous online environments. We have developed a conceptual model showing that the motivation to use individual privacy settings depends on a complex interplay between different factors. As important drivers, motives for using SNS, existing relationships and context of personal data disclosure have been identified. Building on those insights further allows development or improvement of general privacy controls for individuals interacting with each other on the Internet.