Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Highly secure and efficient routing

In this paper, we consider the problem of routing in an adversarial environment, where a sophisticated adversary has penetrated arbitrary parts of the routing infrastructure and attempts to disrupt routing. We present protocols that are able to route packets as long as at least one nonfaulty path exists between the source and the destination. These protocols have low communication overhead, low processing requirements, low incremental cost, and fast fault detection. We also present extensions to the protocols that penalize adversarial routers by blocking their traffic.
Spatial Theories of Education: Policy and Geography Matters

1. Knowing One's Place: Educational Theory, Policy, and the Spatial Turn Kalervo N. Gulson and Colin Symes 2. The Spatial Politics of Educational Privatization: Re-reading the US Homeschooling Movement Claudia Hanson Thiem 3. Mobilizing Space Discourses: Politics and Educational Policy Change Kalervo N. Gulson 4. Space, Equity and Rural Education: A 'Trialectical' Account Bill Green and Will Letts 5. GIS and School Choice: The Use of Spatial Research Tools in Studying Educational Policy Chris Taylor 6. Disability, Education and Space: Some Critical Reflections Felicity Armstrong 7. Working the In/visible Geographies of School Exclusion Pat Thomson 8. Warehousing Young People in Urban Canadian Schools: Gender, Peer Rivalry and Spatial Containment Jo-Anne Dillabough, Jacqueline Kennelly and Eugenia Wang 9. Education and the Spatialization of Urban Inequality: A Case Study of Chicago's Renaissance 2010 Pauline Lipman 10. On the Right Track: Railways and Schools in Late Nineteenth Century of Sydney Colin Symes 11. Student Mobility and the Spatial Production of Cosmopolitan Identities Michael Singh, Fazal Rizvi and Mona Shrestha 12. Public-Private Partnerships, Digital Firms and the Production of a Neoliberal Education Space at the European Scale Susan Robertson 13. Deparochializing the Study of Education: Globalization and the Research Imagination Bob Lingard 14. Trade Unions, Strategic Pedagogy and New Spaces of Engagement: Counterknowledge Economy Insights from Columbia Mario Novelli
STUDY OF ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HLA-DR4 AND DR53 AND AUTOANTIBODY DETECTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

The present study explored the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4, DR53, and auto antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its clinical significance. A total of 305 patients with RA and 50 healthy subjects who underwent medical examination were evaluated. HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR53 and auto antibodies were detected. The results showed that frequencies of HLA-DR4 and HLA-DR53 alleles in RA patients were 42.95% and 54.75%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in control group (p < 0.01). Frequencies of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (CCP), anti-RA33, anti-keratin antibody (AKA), and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) in RA patients (n = 305) were 72.13%, 36.39%, 44.92%, and 60.98%, respectively. Results of rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were 148.29 ± 391.01 IU/mL and 18.14 ± 26.87 mg/L, respectively, which were significantly different from those in control group (p < 0.01, t-test). The results indicated that the HLA- DR4 gene was clearly associated with susceptibility of RA. Combined detection of related auto antibodies might improve diagnosis rate of RA significantly, and the positive rate was higher than that for a single antibody.
Common principles of across-channel processing in monaural versus binaural hearing

The auditory sytem provides us with uncountable information about our surroundings that are crucial for our everday life as there are e.g. the ringing of a phone, the determination of the direction of an approaching car or understanding speech which represents information of another human beeing. There are limits to our capability to perceive sounds as the fact that one sound can be masked by another one which means that one sound's detectability can be decreased by the presence of another sound with similar spectal, spatial and timing properties. However, several phenomena have been investigated that facilitate the perception of masked sound as there are the binaural phenomenon called binaural masking level difference (BMLD) and comodulation masking release (CMR). \\ This thesis investigates possible common principles of the mechanisms underlying binaural masking level difference (BMLD) and comodulation masking release (CMR) in two different approaches. In the first chapter, an introduction to the theoretical background of the topics of this thesis is presented. In chapter 2, the influence of auditory grouping on the amount of BMLD is measured and compared with the influence of grouping on CMR, investigated earlier in several studies e.g. {Dau \it{et al.}} (2003). The sensitivity of BMLD and CMR to grouping paradigms could be a common property of both binaural and monaural processing of sounds and since it is assumed that auditory grouping is originating at central stages of processing it could give a hint that both BMLD and CMR occur at least partly at a higer processing stage and that they may underly similar processes. \\ In the last chapter the nature of this possible common process is more specified by introducing a model to predict CMR on the basis of an equalization-cancellation (EC) model. This model was first mentioned to account for BMLD data and an EC approach was also used to develop a more general model that can accoount for a large variety of binaural detection data. Several exeriments are performed by human subjects as well as by the processing model as an ideal observer in a three-interval 3-alternatve choice (3-IFC) procedure to validate the performance of the EC-CMR model.
What make long term contributors: Willingness and opportunity in OSS community

To survive and succeed, software projects need to attract and retain contributors. We model the individual's chances to become a valuable contributor through her capacity, willingness, and the opportunity to contribute at the time of joining. Using issue tracking data of Mozilla and Gnome, we find that the probability for a new joiner to become a Long Term Contributor (LTC) is associated with her willingness and environment. Specifically, during their first month, future LTCs tend to be more active and show more community-oriented attitude than other joiners. Joiners who start by commenting on instead of reporting an issue or ones who succeed to get at least one reported issue to be fixed, more than double their odds of becoming an LTC. The micro-climate with a productive and clustered peer group increases the odds. On the contrary, the macro-climate with high project popularity and the micro-climate with low attention from peers reduce the odds. This implies that the interaction between individual's attitude and project's climate are associated with the odds that an individual would become a valuable contributor or disengage from the project. Our findings may provide a basis for empirical approaches to design a better community architecture and to improve the experience of contributors.
Tracking multiple interacting targets using a joint probabilistic Data Association filter

In this paper, we describe and evaluate an original Monte Carlo JPDAF for tracking interacting autonomous targets in a cluttered environment. The originality of the proposed algorithm consists in reducing the complexity of the prediction step by selecting and separately updating groups of targets in interaction. The complexity of the correction step is addressed by Data Association and a gating procedure as found in literature. The main assumptions we make in this paper are (i) that the evolution of the state of each target only depends on the states of all the targets at the previous time step and (ii) that a generic simulator or a function modeling the targets' behaviors and their mutual interactions is available. We also build an approximate interaction graph between targets on the fly on the basis of simple information like their location, as it has been done in previous work. Experiments show that representing interactions this way can lead to good tracking efficiency with low computational cost.
Homo Æqualis: A Cross-Society Experimental Analysis of Three Bargaining Games

Data from three bargaining games—the Dictator Game, the Ultimatum Game, and the Third-Party Punishment Game—played in 15 societies are presented. The societies range from US undergraduates to Amazonian, Arctic, and African hunter-gatherers. Behaviour within the games varies markedly across societies. The paper investigates whether this behavioural diversity can be explained solely by variations in inequality aversion. Combining a single parameter utility function with the notion of subgame perfection generates a number of testable predictions. While most of these are supported, there are some telling divergences between theory and data: uncertainty and preferences relating to acts of vengeance may have influenced play in the Ultimatum and Third-Party Punishment Games; and a few subjects used the games as an opportunity to engage in costly signalling.
Graph drawing using quantum commute time

In this paper, we explore experimentally the use of the commute time of the continuous-time quantum walk for graph drawing. For the classical random walk, the commute time has been shown to be robust to errors in edge weight structure and to lead to spectral clustering algorithms with improved performance. We analyse the quantum commute times with reference to their classical counterpart. Specifically, we explore the graph embeddings that preserve commute-time.
Nearly-Automated Metadata Hierarchy Creation

Currently, information architects create metadata category hierarchies manually. We present a nearly-automated approach for deriving such hierarchies, by converting the lexical hierarchy WordNet into a format that reflects the contents of a target information collection. We use the term "nearly-automated" because an information architect should have to make only small adjustments to produce an acceptable metadata structure. We contrast the results with an algorithm that uses lexical co-occurrence statistics.
ACTIVE , ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES IN RELATION TO MENTAL HEALTH OF POLICE PERSONNEL

The study was aimed to investigate relationship between active, adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies and mental health in police personnel. The sample included 100 constables, 100 inspectors and 100 officers incidentally selected from Uttar Pradesh (UP) police department. The Brief COPE scale (Carver, 1997) and Mental Health Inventory (Jagdish & Srivastava, 1983) were administered on them. Pearson’s product moment correlations demonstrate that in all police personnel, relationship between the three types of coping strategies and mental health is largely found to be positive. The positive correlation of mental health is found to be significant in relation to active and adaptive strategies in inspectors and in relation to the active strategies alone in the case of Officers. However in constables the correlations are not found to be significant.
Feasibility conditions of interference alignment with general alignment set

Interference alignment (IA) has received great recent attention for its breakthrough performance. Classical IA algorithms require infinite dimensional symbol extension. On the other hand, IA algorithms which draw on the finite signal dimension provided by multiple antennas, become infeasible when the network scales. To construct practical IA algorithms that are applicable to large-scale MIMO interference networks, it is essential to introduce flexible IA algorithms which selectively cancels the strongest interference perceived by the receivers (Rxs). In this work, we aim at understanding the feasibility conditions of such IA algorithms, which cancel interference selectively according to the alignment set. By exploiting methodologies from algebraic geometry and graph theory, we characterize the feasibility regions of IA schemes with general alignment set and obtain insights into how network configurations and alignment set affects the feasibility of IA schemes.
Deriving disambiguous queries in a spoken interactive ODQA system

Recently, open-domain question answering (ODQA) systems that extract an exact answer from large text corpora based on text input are intensively being investigated. However, the information in the first question input by a user is not usually enough to yield the desired answer. Interactions for collecting additional information to accomplish QA is needed. This paper proposes an interactive approach for spoken interactive ODQA systems. When the reliabilities for answer hypotheses obtained by an ODQA system are low, the system automatically derives disambiguous queries (DQ) that draw out additional information. The additional information based on the DQ should contribute to distinguishing effectively an exact answer and to supplementing a lack of information by recognition errors. In our spoken interactive ODQA system, SPIQA, spoken questions are recognized by an ASR system, and DQ are automatically generated to disambiguate the transcribed questions. We confirmed the appropriateness of the derived DQ by comparing them with manually prepared ones.
Light-dependent attenuation of phycoerythrin gene expression reveals convergent evolution of green light sensing in cyanobacteria

The colorful process of chromatic acclimation allows many cyanobacteria to change their pigmentation in response to ambient light color changes. In red light, cells produce red-absorbing phycocyanin (PC), whereas in green light, green-absorbing phycoerythrin (PE) is made. Controlling these pigment levels increases fitness by optimizing photosynthetic activity in different light color environments. The light color sensory system controlling PC expression is well understood, but PE regulation has not been resolved. In the filamentous cyanobacterium Fremyella diplosiphon UTEX 481, two systems control PE synthesis in response to light color. The first is the Rca pathway, a two-component system controlled by a phytochrome-class photoreceptor, which transcriptionally represses cpeCDESTR (cpeC) expression during growth in red light. The second is the Cgi pathway, which has not been characterized. We determined that the Cgi system also regulates PE synthesis by repressing cpeC expression in red light, but acts posttranscriptionally, requiring the region upstream of the CpeC translation start codon. cpeC RNA stability was comparable in F. diplosiphon cells grown in red and green light, and a short transcript that included the 5′ region of cpeC was detected, suggesting that the Cgi system operates by transcription attenuation. The roles of four predicted stem–loop structures within the 5′ region of cpeC RNA were analyzed. The putative stem–loop 31 nucleotides upstream of the translation start site was required for Cgi system function. Thus, the Cgi system appears to be a unique type of signal transduction pathway in which the attenuation of cpeC transcription is regulated by light color.
Serum Amyloid P Therapeutically Attenuates Murine Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Its Effects on Macrophages

Macrophages promote tissue remodeling but few mechanisms exist to modulate their activity during tissue fibrosis. Serum amyloid P (SAP), a member of the pentraxin family of proteins, signals through Fcγ receptors which are known to affect macrophage activation. We determined that IPF/UIP patients have increased protein levels of several alternatively activated pro-fibrotic (M2) macrophage-associated proteins in the lung and monocytes from these patients show skewing towards an M2 macrophage phenotype. SAP therapeutically inhibits established bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, when administered systemically or locally to the lungs. The reduction in aberrant collagen deposition was associated with a reduction in M2 macrophages in the lung and increased IP10/CXCL10. These data highlight the role of macrophages in fibrotic lung disease, and demonstrate a therapeutic action of SAP on macrophages which may extend to many fibrotic indications caused by over-exuberant pro-fibrotic macrophage responses.
Incremental refinement using a Gaussian test channel

The additive rate-distortion function (ARDF) was developed in order to universally bound the rate loss in the Wyner-Ziv problem, and has since then been instrumental in e.g., bounding the rate loss in successive refinements, universal quantization, and other multi-terminal source coding settings. The ARDF is defined as the minimum mutual information over an additive test channel followed by estimation. In the limit of high resolution, the ADRF coincides with the true RDF for many sources and fidelity criterions. In the other extreme, i.e., the limit of low resolutions, the behavior of the ARDF has not previously been rigorously addressed. In this work, we consider the special case of quadratic distortion and where the noise in the test channel is Gaussian distributed. We first establish a link to the I-MMSE relation of Guo et al. and use this to show that for any source the slope of the ARDF near zero rate, converges to the slope of the Gaussian RDF near zero rate. We then consider the multiplicative rate loss of the ARDF, and show that for bursty sources it may be unbounded, contrary to the additive rate loss, which is upper bounded by 1/2 bit for all sources. We finally show that unconditional incremental refinement, i.e., where each refinement is encoded independently of the other refinements, is ARDF optimal in the limit of low resolution, independently of the source distribution. Our results also reveal under which conditions linear estimation is ARDF optimal in the low rate regime.
Hypoxia‐mediated Na‐K‐ATPase degradation requires von Hippel Lindau protein

Hypoxia inhibits Na‐K‐ATPase activity and leads to its degradation in mammalian cells. Von Hippel Lindau protein (pVHL) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) are key mediators in cellular adaptation to hypoxia; thus, we set out to investigate whether pVHL and HIF participate in the hypoxia‐mediated degradation of plasma membrane Na‐K‐ATPase. We found that in the presence of pVHL hypoxia decreased Na‐K‐ ATPase activity and promoted the degradation of plasma membrane Na‐K‐ATPase. In pVHL‐deficient cells, hypoxia did not decrease the Na‐K‐ATPase activ ity and the degradation of plasma membrane Na‐K‐ ATPase was prevented. pVHL‐mediated degradation of Na‐K‐ATPase required the functional pVHL E3 ligase and Ubc5 since pVHL mutants and dominant negative Ubc5 prevented Na‐K‐ATPase from degradation. The generation of reactive oxygen species was necessary for pVHL‐mediated Na‐K‐ATPase degradation during hypoxia. Desferrioxamine, which stabilizes HIF1/2α, did not affect the half‐life of plasma mem brane Na‐K‐ATPase. In addition, stabilizing HIF1/2α by infecting mammalian cells with adenoviruses con taining the oxygen‐dependent degradation domain of HIFlα did not affect the plasma membrane Na‐K‐ ATPase degradation. In cells with suppression of pVHL by short hairpin RNA, the Na‐K‐ATPase was not de graded during hypoxia, whereas cells with knockdown of HIF1/2α retained the ability to degrade plasma membrane Na‐K‐ATPase. These findings suggest that pVHL participates in the hypoxia‐mediated degradation of plasma membrane Na‐K‐ATPase in a HIF‐ independent manner. —Zhou, G. , Dada, L. A. , Chandel, N. S. , Iwai, K. , Lecuona, E. , Ciechanover, A. , Sznajder, J. I. Hypoxia‐mediated Na‐K‐ATPase degradation re quires von Hippel Lindau protein. FASEB J. 22, 1335–1342 (2008)
Determinants of Social Networking Software Acceptance: A Multi-Theoretical Approach.

Understanding reasons why students use social media has become a major preoccupation of researchers in recent time due to the rate of its adoption among the present generation of students. Some of the few study on social media phenomenon employed a single theory as a framework in order to understand the factors that influence the acceptance of it among the students. However, in this study, acceptance to use social network software was research into through a multi-theoretical approach. Factors from innovation diffusion theory, technology acceptance model, and social influence theory were used as a conceptual framework of this study. 500 undergraduate students participated in the study. Survey questionnaires were administered on the participants. Structural equation modeling was use to analyzed the data generated from the study. A model was developed from the study known as social network software acceptance model. The findings of the study showed the interaction that exists among factors from different theories as it influences student acceptance of SNS. From the findings of this study, theoretical as well as education implications were drawn. The study concludes that acceptance of SNS is a function of interrelated factors from different theories.
Characterization of Root Surface and Endorhizosphere Pseudomonads in Relation to Their Colonization of Roots

An extensive colonization of the endorhizosphere by fluorescent pseudomonads was observed in tomato plants grown on artificial substrates. These studies reveal that a significantly higher percentage of pseudomonads obtained from the endorhizosphere (30%) reduced plant growth than those obtained from the root surface (4%). Lipopolysaccharide patterns, cell envelope protein patterns, and other biochemical characteristics indicated that Pseudomonas isolates obtained from the endorhizosphere are distinct from Pseudomonas isolates obtained from the root surface. Isolates from the endorhizosphere especially were able to recolonize the endorhizosphere of both sterile and nonsterile tomato roots. The ability of the endorhizosphere isolates to colonize the endorhizosphere significantly correlated with their agglutination by tomato root agglutinin but did not correlate with chemotaxis to seed exudates of tomato. No correlation between colonization of the endorhizosphere and agglutination by root agglutinin could be demonstrated for the root surface isolates. We propose that agglutination of specific Pseudomonas strains by root agglutinin is of importance in the initial phase of adherence of bacteria to the root surface.
Myosin 5a Is an Insulin-Stimulated Akt2 (Protein Kinase Bβ) Substrate Modulating GLUT4 Vesicle Translocation

ABSTRACT Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation of Akt signaling is critical to insulin-stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. However, the downstream signaling events following Akt activation which mediate glucose transport stimulation remain relatively unknown. Here we identify an Akt consensus phosphorylation motif in the actin-based motor protein myosin 5a and show that insulin stimulation leads to phosphorylation of myosin 5a at serine 1650. This Akt-mediated phosphorylation event enhances the ability of myosin 5a to interact with the actin cytoskeleton. Small interfering RNA-induced inhibition of myosin 5a and expression of dominant-negative myosin 5a attenuate insulin-stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, knockdown of Akt2 or expression of dominant-negative Akt (DN-Akt) abolished insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of myosin 5a, inhibited myosin 5a binding to actin, and blocked insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Taken together, these data indicate that myosin 5a is a newly identified direct substrate of Akt2 and, upon insulin stimulation, phosphorylated myosin 5a facilitates anterograde movement of GLUT4 vesicles along actin to the cell surface.