Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L' asservissement par IRM d'un réseau matriciel ultrasonore et ses applications thérapeutiques

L'association des Ultrasons Focalises de Haute Intensite (HIFU) avec l'Imagerie par Resonance Magnetique (IRM) permet d'effectuer un controle non invasif de la temperature pour permettre l'ablation des tumeurs cancereuses par hyperthermie. L'asservissement de la temperature selon l'algorithme d'automatisme Proportionnel Integral Derive (PID) a ete prouve comme etant efficace et precis. La stabilite de cet algorithme est amelioree en comparant les cartes de temperature mesurees aux modelisations thermiques de facon a deduire les parametres tissulaires (conduction thermique, absorption d'energie ultrasonore) en temps reel. Pour traiter un grand volume, l'asservissement de la temperature est effectue simultanement en plusieurs points. Le controle spatial de la temperature necessite cependant la prise en compte de la repartition du champ acoustique et un deplacement rapide du point focal. Les transducteurs matriciels correspondent tres bien a cette application puisqu'ils permettent de modifier la position du point focal a partir des signaux electriques. La repartition des elements de ces transducteus necessite une disposition specifique asymetrique compacte pour minimiser l'encombrement du transducteur dans l'IRM et limiter les lobes secondaires lors du deplacement du point focal principal. Le controle spatial de la temperature avec ses transducteurs offre un traitement precis. Pour obtenir un controle de la temperature d'aussi bonne qualite lorsque l'organe bouge, les cartographies de temperature et la position du point focal necessitent une correction basee sur l'analyse et l'anticipation de la periodicite du mouvement. Pour realiser l'application clinique de ces procedes, une plateforme de traitement des tumeurs du sein a ete developpee de facon a securiser le traitement en orientant l'axe de propagation de l'onde horizontalement ce qui evite tout risque de dommage des organes vitaux.
D. Eugene Strandness, Jr, MD, and the Revolution in Noninvasive Vascular Diagnosis

I thank the taxpayers of the United States for their generous support of this research through the National Institutes of Health Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Cancer Institute Unconventional Innovations Program, the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration through the Office of Naval Research. I am also grateful for major equipment donations and loans from Advanced Technology Laboratories, Honeywell, Aloka, Quantum, Hewlett Packard, and D. E. Hokanson.
The importance of aftercare in attracting foreign direct investment. The case of the caribbean region.

Segun la Conferencia de las Naciones Unidas sobre Comercio y Desarrollo (2007), aproximadamente, el 50% de la inversion directa extranjera (IED) en paises en desarrollo proviene de fuentes de reinversion. Este estudio evalua el potencial de nueve paises caribenos (Bahamas, Barbados, Belice, la Republica Dominicana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Surinam y Trinidad y Tobago) en beneficiarse de proyectos de expansion de inversores extranjeros, individualmente en cada uno de los paises, asi como en toda la region. Ademas, este documento examina en detalle y sintetiza, la literatura existente sobre multinacionales e IED, cubriendo ambas perspectivas, teorica y empirica. Tambien incluye una encuesta a inversores extranjeros ya presentes en el Caribe, consultas con las agencias de promocion de las inversiones (APIs) de los paises mencionados y asesoramiento sobre mejores practicas internacionales. El estudio aporta recomendaciones generales a ambos niveles, regional y nacional, a traves de guias, planes de accion individuales para cada API y un programa de reinversion para los nueve paises participantes. Los hallazgos positivos sobre las intenciones de expansion de los proyectos de inversion en el Caribe y las respuestas favorables al clima de negocios en la region, demuestran el gran potencial existente para que las APIs nacionales se beneficien de cada uno de sus positiones en la region, identificando sinergias con otros paises vecinos y proponiendo al inversor una propuesta de valor mas integral ofreciendo una localizacionque cubra sus necesidades, asegurando, de este modo atraer mas IED.
Interspecific and geographical variation in the sequence of rDNA expansion segment D3 of Ixodes ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)

The base sequence of the rDNA D3 expansion segment and flanking H14 stem varies between six species of Ixodes ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) where only 33 invariant sites occur among sequences of 123–203 bases in length. Multiple copies of D3 were sequenced from localities across the geographical ranges of four species to investigate deep population genetic structure. Two species, I. pacificus, from western North America, and I. ricinus, from Europe, have no sequence variation indicating a lack of deep genetic structure. One species, I. scapularis, from eastern North America has two forms of the D3 sequence that are distributed differently among northern vs. southern populations, suggesting recent divergence and hybridization. I. persulcatus, from Eurasia, has sequence variation between localities of the order of that observed between other species, suggesting a long history of population isolation and deep genetic structure. With the exception of I. scapularis, sequence variation was not observed within localities. This indicates that cellular processes underpinning concerted evolution have homogenized populations and species for particular rDNA sequence variants.
The Fertilizer Industry and Philippine Agriculture: Policies, Problems, and Priorities

The fertilizer policy in the country has evolved from pervasive interventionism in the 1970s to today's market-oriented regime. Government has abandoned price policies and subsidies, focusing rather on standard setting, quality regulation, and training. Over the same period, domestic demand for fertilizer has continually increased, though recently, resurgent fertilizer prices have reduced total utilization. Evidence suggests that farmers (at least in the case of rice) are underapplying fertilizer, forfeiting efficiency gains at the margin. On the supply side, imports have in the past few decades emerged as the main source of fertilizer, as domestic production has dwindled. Priorities for research and policy are therefore understanding the behavior of farmers in terms of fertilizer application, and addressing internal price disparities, perhaps by improved transport infrastructure and logistics.
Reporting ethical matters in The Journal of Physiology: standards and advice

Reporting of ethical matters in The Journal is very important. To advise and assist authors, particularly those who may be less familiar with the legislation in the UK, this article sets out the basic principles and methods that should be used and provides many key web sources of information. It addresses the structure of regulations, and introduces the concept of research governance. The UK law is summarized. Advice is given on the format and description of experiments, and common problems addressed. Aspects of human studies are addressed. Ethical considerations of publication such as authorship and originality, and problems such as plagiarism and fabrication are described. Updates will be published regularly.
Variation at the rat Crhr1 locus and sensitivity to relapse into alcohol seeking induced by environmental stress

Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder with substantial heritability. Uncovering gene–environment interactions underlying this disease process can aid identification of novel treatment targets. Here, we found a lowered threshold for stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in Marchigian–Sardinian Preferring (msP) rats genetically selected for high alcohol preference. In situ hybridization for a panel of 20 stress-related genes in 16 brain regions was used to screen for differential gene expression that may underlie this behavioral phenotype. An innate up-regulation of the Crhr1 transcript, encoding the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRH-R1), was found in several limbic brain areas of msP rats genetically selected for high alcohol preference, was associated with genetic polymorphism of the Crhr1 promoter, and was accompanied by increased CRH-R1 density. A selective CRH-R1 antagonist (antalarmin, 10–20 mg/kg) was devoid of effects on operant alcohol self-administration in unselected Wistar rats but significantly suppressed this behavior in the msP line. Stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking was not significantly affected by antalarmin in Wistar rats but was fully blocked in msP animals. These data demonstrate that Crhr1 genotype and expression interact with environmental stress to reinstate alcohol-seeking behavior.
Machine Translation from Inuktitut to English : Parsing Strategy

Automatic translation tools do not yet exist for endangered Inuit languages such as Inuktitut, one of the 8 major Inuit languages of Canada and spoken by around 35,000 people in North Canada. In addition to the challenge posed by the limited training data available, another major challenge in Inuktitut-English translation is the fundamental difference in the two languages. Inuktitut is a polysynthetic language; its words are made of multiple elementary units (morphemes), added as postbases to a root. Thus, a word in Inuktitut can be equivalent to a whole sentence in English. Our project will specifically look at how applying morpheme parsing and data augmentation to the Inuktitut input dataset improves Inuktitut to English translation. For CS 229, our experiment will specifically explore different morpheme parsing strategies. As a higher objective, since this is a novel application, we hope that an attention-based seq2seq NMT model will provide a reliable translator from Inuktitut to English.
Being Stranded on the Carbon Bubble? Climate Policy Risk and the Pricing of Bank Loans

Does neglecting the possibility that fossil fuel reserves become “stranded” result in a “carbon bubble”, i.e., an overvaluation of fossil fuel firms? To address this question, we study whether banks price the climate policy risk. We hand collect global data on corporate fossil fuel reserves, match it with syndicated loans, and subsequently compare the loan rate charged to fossil fuel firms — along their climate policy exposure — to non-fossil fuel firms. We find that before 2015 banks did not price climate policy risk. After 2015, however, the risk is priced, especially for firms holding more fossil fuel reserves. We also provide some evidence that “green banks” charge marginally higher loan rates to fossil fuel firms.
Augustinian Philosophy: Between Critical Pedagogy and Neo-Scholasticism

Augustinian thoughts have been widely revered for their great influence on the development of Western philosophy. While most of St. Augustine's ideas were adapted in various fields of modern thought, his ideas on education have been rarely discussed. In reality, one should recognize that St. Augustine, being one of the greatest teachers of the church and a towering figure in all ages of Western philosophy, had implicitly detailed in his works and portrayed in his colorful life important ideas of teaching on education. Although this may be open for arguments and debate, this study set out to examine Augustinian ideas on education. This study used theoretical and qualitative research and employed content analysis. It must be noted, though, that this study presents analysis of Augustinian philosophy based only on the subject of educational pedagogy supported by relational analysis with critical pedagogy. Significantly, this study sought credible evidence from St. Augustine's works that may reveal the presence of relation of his teachings on education to critical pedagogy. Through content analysis, this study concludes that although St. Augustine did not write a book on education, Augustinian thoughts contain a clear pedagogy on education, and some of his teachings point toward the same directions wherein critical pedagogy is situated with regard to its theoretical positions.
The Effect of Entrepreneurship and Regulation Policy on Competitive Advantage

The aim of this study is to know and measure entrepreneurship, regulation policy to develop the competitive advantage in the north coast of West Java Indonesia. The research method used a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 300 respondents (fishermen) from coastal areas of Jakarta, Bekasi, Serang and Cirebon. Data analysis technique use dlinear regression analysis. The results show that entrepreneurship related to competitiveadvantage, although the regulation policy is not related to competitive advantage. Likewise, between the entrepreneurship orientation with the regulation policy simultaneously related to competitive advantage.
Constant Switching Frequency Self-Oscillating Controlled Class-D Amplifiers

The self-oscillating control approach has been used extensively in class-D amplifiers. It has several advantages such as high bandwidth and high audio performance. However, one of the primary disadvantages in a self-oscillating controlled system is that the switching frequency of the amplifier varies with the ratio of the output voltage to the input rail voltage. In other words, the switching frequency varies with the duty cycle of the output. The drop in the frequency results in lower control bandwidth and higher output voltage ripple, which are undesirable. This paper proposes a new self-oscillating control scheme that maintains a constant switching frequency over the full range of output voltage. The frequency difference is processed by a compensator whose output adjusts the total loop gain of the control system. It has been proven by simulation that a con-stant switching frequency self-oscillating converter is achieved and the proposed control circuit performs satisfactorily. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 20.6. 7273
An early impact analysis technique for software maintenance

The accurate estimation of the resources required to implement a change in software is a difficult task. A method for doing this should include the analysis of the impact of the change on the existing system. A number of techniques for analysing the impact of a change on the source code have been described in the literature. While these techniques provide a good example of how to apply ripple effect analysis to source code, a weakness in these approaches is that they can be difficult to apply in the risk assessment phase of a project. This is because the source code is often not very well understood at this phase, and change proposals are written at a much higher level of abstraction than the code. It is therefore often the case that in practice subjective impact analysis methods are used for risk assessment and project investment appraisal. The underestimated resources for dealing with the ripple effects of a change can result in project schedules becoming so tight that only the minimal quality is achieved. This paper surveys existing ripple analysis techniques and then presents a new technique for the early detection of ripple effects based on a simple graph-theoretic model of documentation and the themes within the documentation. The objective is to investigate the basis of a technique for analysing and measuring the impact of a change on the entire system that includes not only the source code but the specification and design documentation of a system, and an early phase in the maintenance process.
Design and characterization of 77 GHz and 120 GHz Schottky diode mixers for antenna measurements

Some passive millimeter-wave harmonic mixers with integrated LO-IF diplexers have been designed and characterized for both 77 GHz and 120 GHz frequency bands. These modules have been employed to work as an extension for the higher millimeter-wave antenna measurements, particularly the radiation pattern. Through this article, several characterized parameters have been presented, such as the conversion loss, the IF and LO return loss and the LO-IF isolation, besides the design and simulation procedures of the integrated diplexer and the RF and LO impedance matching networks of the mixer. The realized modules have been used to record the radiation pattern of two antennas operating at the same band.
Une approche linguistique de l'évaluation des ressources extraites par analyse distributionnelle automatique

Dans cette these, nous abordons du point de vue linguistique la question de l'evaluation des bases lexicales extraites par analyse distributionnelle automatique (ADA). Les methodes d'evaluation de ces ressources qui sont actuellement mises en œuvre (comparaison a des lexiques de reference, evaluation par la tâche, test du TOEFL.) relevent en effet d'une approche quantitative des donnees qui ne laisse que peu de place a l'interpretation des rapprochements generes. De ce fait, les conditions qui font que certains couples de mots sont extraits alors que d'autres ne le sont pas restent mal connues. Notre travail vise une meilleure comprehension des fonctionnements en corpus qui regissent les rapprochements distributionnels. Pour cela, nous avons dans un premier temps adopte une approche quantitative qui a consiste a comparer plusieurs ressources distributionnelles calculees sur des corpus differents a des lexiques de references (le Dictionnaire electronique des synonymes du CRISCO et le reseau lexical JeuxDeMots). Cette etape nous a permis, premierement, d'avoir une estimation globale du contenu de nos ressources, et, deuxiemement, de selectionner des echantillons de couples de mots a etudier d'un point de vue qualitatif. Cette deuxieme etape constitue le cœur de la these. Nous avons choisi de nous focaliser sur les relations lexico-semantiques que sont la synonymie, l'antonymie, l'hyperonymie et la meronymie, que nous abordons en mettant en place quatre protocoles differents. En nous appuyant sur les relations contenues dans les lexiques de reference, nous avons compare les proprietes distributionnelles des couples de synonymes/antonymes/hyperonymes/meronymes qui ont ete extraits par l'ADA avec celles des couples qui ne l'ont pas ete. Nous mettons ainsi au jour plusieurs phenomenes qui favorisent ou bloquent la substituabilite des couples de mots (donc leur extraction par l'ADA). Ces phenomenes sont consideres au regard de parametres comme la nature du corpus qui a permis de generer les bases distributionnelles etudiees (corpus encyclopedique, journalistique ou litteraire) ou les limites des lexiques de reference. Ainsi, en meme temps qu'il questionne les methodes d'evaluation des bases distributionnelles actuellement employees, ce travail de these illustre l'interet qu'il y a a considerer ces ressources comme des objets d'etudes linguistiques a part entiere. Les bases distributionnelles sont en effet le resultat d'une mise en œuvre a grande echelle du principe de substituabilite, ce qui en fait un materiau de choix pour la description des relations lexico-semantiques.
Integrated Assessment of Pain Scores and Rescue Morphine Use During Studies of Analgesic Efficacy

W e propose and illustrate a means for integrating visual analog scale WAS) pain scores and "rescue" morphine requirements to provide a new primary endpoint during investigations of analgesic medications. Although, as clinicians, we commonly assess the efficacy of an analgesic regimen by viewing pain scores and supplemental analgesic requirements collectively, as investigators we typically assess only one of these indicators, or we assess the two indicators as isolated variables. In doing so, we may fail to identify the total benefit that is provided by a regimen under study. Conversely, if we determine multiple outcome measures (e.g., morphine use, VAS scores, VAS relief scores) and then select the "best," we increase the likelihood of reporting a significant difference when there is not one (type I error) (1).
Cloud Computing: Issues and Security Challenges

Cloud computing is a model that provides computing services through internet on demand and pay per use access to a varied number of shared resources such as storage, services, servers, networksetc. without accessing them physically. It is cost effective. As cloud computing has increased the standard of digital life, it has however increased the security risk as all the information is presented over an open source which can be breached. Cloud computing influences many technologies but it also pulls in the security issues which withstand with these technologies and helps to identify the vulnerabilities in any system and most importantly the threats that are included in cloud computing environment as well as to identify the possible solutions which is the point of discussion in this paper. Keywords: cloud computing; security; data integrity; authentication; CSP(cloud service provider).
The nuclear lamina is mechano-responsive to ECM elasticity in mature tissue

ABSTRACT How cells respond to physical cues in order to meet and withstand the physical demands of their immediate surroundings has been of great interest for many years, with current research efforts focused on mechanisms that transduce signals into gene expression. Pathways that mechano-regulate the entry of transcription factors into the cell nucleus are emerging, and our most recent studies show that the mechanical properties of the nucleus itself are actively controlled in response to the elasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in both mature and developing tissue. In this Commentary, we review the mechano-responsive properties of nuclei as determined by the intermediate filament lamin proteins that line the inside of the nuclear envelope and that also impact upon transcription factor entry and broader epigenetic mechanisms. We summarize the signaling pathways that regulate lamin levels and cell-fate decisions in response to a combination of ECM mechanics and molecular cues. We will also discuss recent work that highlights the importance of nuclear mechanics in niche anchorage and cell motility during development, hematopoietic differentiation and cancer metastasis, as well as emphasizing a role for nuclear mechanics in protecting chromatin from stress-induced damage.
Previous Experience and Contest Outcome: Winner Effects Persist in Absence of Evident Loser Effects in a Parasitoid Wasp

The experience of a previous conflict can affect animals’ performance during a later contest: a victory usually increases and a defeat usually decreases the probability of winning a subsequent conflict. These winner and loser effects could result from a reassessment by contestants of their perceived fighting abilities. Game-theoretic models based on this assumption predict that a loser effect can exist alone or in the presence of a winner effect, but a winner effect cannot persist alone, at least when contestants are young and without experience of contest. Moreover, when both effects coexist, the loser effect is expected to be of a greater magnitude and last longer than the winner effect. To date, these predictions have been supported by empirical evidence. Here we show for the first time that a winner effect can exist in the absence of any evident loser effect in a parasitoid wasp, Eupelmus vuilleti, when fighting for hosts. This finding consequently raises questions about the possible mechanisms involved and challenges the main assumption of previous theoretical models. We suggest an alternative explanation for the evolution of only winner effects that is based on the modification of contestants’ subjective value of the resource rather than on a reestimation of their fighting abilities.