Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from California based on 2010 CalNex airborne measurements

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important gas for climate and for stratospheric chemistry, with a lifetime exceeding 100 years. Global concentrations have increased steadily since the 18th century, apparently due to human‐associated emissions, principally from the application of nitrogen fertilizers. However, quantitative studies of agricultural emissions at large spatial scales are lacking, inhibited by the difficulty of measuring small enhancements in atmospheric concentration. Here we derive regional emission rates for N2O in the agricultural heartland of California based on analysis of in‐situ airborne atmospheric observations collected using a new quantum cascade laser spectrometer. The data were obtained on board the NOAA WP‐3 research aircraft during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) program in late spring 2010. We coupled the WRF (weather research and forecasting) model, a meso‐scale meteorology model, with the STILT (stochastic time‐inverted Lagrangian transport) model, a Lagrangian particle dispersion model, to link our in‐situ airborne observations to surface emissions. We then used a variety of statistical methods to identify source areas and to optimize emission rates. Our results are consistent with the view that fertilizer application is the largest source of N2O in the Central Valley. The spatial distribution of surface emissions, based on California land use and activity maps, was very different than indicated in the leading emission inventory (EDGAR 4.0). Our estimated total emission flux of N2O for California in May and June was 3 – 4 times larger than the annual mean given for the state by EDGAR and other inventories, indicating a strong seasonal variation. We estimated the statewide total annual emissions of N2O to be 0.042 ± 0.011 Tg N/year, roughly equivalent to inventory values if we account for seasonal variations using observations obtained in the midwestern United States. This state total N2O emission is 20.5 Tg CO2 equivalent (100 year global warming potential = 310 CO2 eq/g N2O), accounting for approximately 4% of the state total greenhouse gas emissions.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenal masses: a challenge or a routine?

AIM The increased incidence of malignancy and the concern for higher rate of complications with laparoscopic resection of larger tumors typically limits laparoscopic adrenalectomy to small adrenal masses. We used our prospectively collected database to compare laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcomes between small and large adrenal tumors. METHODS Operative details and outcomes were compared by adrenal mass size size: Group A≤4 cm and Group B>4 cm, for consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed between 2009 and 2013. RESULTS Group A (N.=50) and Group B (N.=27) subjects had similar operative times (131 vs. 132 min, P=0.48). Group B subjects were older, had more adrenal malignancies, and had a higher blood loss with a slightly larger change in hemoglobin than Group A subjects; however, no subject required blood transfusion and complication rates were similar between groups (4% vs. 11%, P=0.34). One subject from each group required conversion to open adrenalectomy. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic adrenalectomy can be performed safely for adrenal masses >4 cm and size is not a contraindication to the laparoscopic approach.
Genetic diversity analysis of the mitochondrial D-loop of Nigerian indigenous sheep

Los recursos ganaderos autoctonos son de caracter estrategico en los aspectos socioeconomicos de los sistemas agricolas para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria en los paises de escasos recursos. Por lo tanto, conocer mejor la importancia de la variabilidad genetica es vital para su futura utilizacion, por medio de la conservacion. Se presenta el primer analisis de la diversidad genetica en ovejas de Nigeria basado en la region de control (D-loop) del Ovis aries del genoma mitocondrial, utilizando 1.179 bases entre las posiciones 15.437 y 16.616 de pares de bases. Una muestra de 290 animales, compuesta por las razas Balami, West African Dwarf (WAD), Uda y Yankasa, fue tomada al azar de toda Nigeria. Se observaron noventa y seis (96) haplotipos, con una alta diversidad media en cuanto a estos de 0,899 ± 0,148. La diversidad genetica fue mayor en la raza Uda (0,921 ± 0,021) y menor en la raza WAD (0,852 ± 0,061). Los indices de poblacion especificos FST variaron de 0.00133 en la raza Uda a 0,00335 en la razaWAD. La raza Yankasa presento el mayor numero de posiciones polimorficas (201), mientras que el menor lo mostro la raza Uda (96). Analisis de la varianza molecular revelo que 0,23% de la variacion se encuentra entre las poblaciones, en comparacion con el 99,77% de variacion que se encuentra dentro de las poblaciones. El arbol filogenetico indica que los linajes mitocondriales de las razas ovinas partieron de un origen comun en conformidad con la primera divergencia de la raza Yankasa, seguida por WAD, mientras que las razas Balami y Uda se encuentran mas estrechamente relacionadas. Estos resultados demuestran que la divergencia evolutiva de las poblaciones ovinas de Nigeria, basados en el ADN mitocondrial de la region control, puede coincidir con la distribucion geografica en Nigeria e indican una tasa importante de cruzamiento entre ellas. Esto podria tener ventajas desde el punto de vista de la gestion de la mejora y las estrategias de conservacion y preservacion a largo plazo de las ovejas autoctonas de Nigeria.
Performance and energy evaluation of network-on-chip infrastructure

Network-on-Chip(NoC) has been well accepted for energy efficient on-chip communications for many-core systems. As the technology scaling drives the number of cores upward designers of the on-chip interconnect for many-cores chips are facing with the dilemma of meeting performance and energy requirements with power and thermal constraints. This paper focuses on the Network-On-Chip energy and performance analysis under various adaptive routing algorithms for Chip Multiprocessors.
A comparison of global rule induction and HMM approaches on extracting story boundaries in news video

This paper presents a multi-modal two-level framework for news story segmentation designed to cope with large news video corpus such as the data used in TREC video retrieval (TRECVID) evaluations. We divide our system into two levels: shot level that assigns one of the pre-defined semantic tags to each input shot; and story level that performs story segmentation based on the output of the shot level and other temporal features. We demonstrate the generality of our framework by employing two machine-learning approaches at the story level. The first approach employs a statistical method called Hidden Markov Models (HMM) whereas the second uses a rule induction technique. We tested both approaches on ~ 120 hours of news video provided by TRECVID 2003. The results demonstrate that our 2-level machine-learning framework is effective and is adequate to cope with large-scale practical problems.
The EcoCyc and MetaCyc databases

EcoCyc is an organism-specific Pathway/Genome Database that describes the metabolic and signal-transduction pathways of Escherichia coli, its enzymes, and-a new addition-its transport proteins. MetaCyc is a new metabolic-pathway database that describes pathways and enzymes of many different organisms, with a microbial focus. Both databases are queried using the Pathway Tools graphical user interface, which provides a wide variety of query operations and visualization tools. EcoCyc and MetaCyc are available at http://ecocyc.PangeaSystems. com/ecocyc/
Complete Genome Sequence of Soil Fungus Aspergillus terreus (KM017963), a Potent Lovastatin Producer

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome of Aspergillus terreus (KM017963), a tropical soil isolate. The genome sequence is 29 Mb, with a G+C content of 51.12%. The genome sequence of A. terreus shows the presence of the complete gene cluster responsible for lovastatin (an anti-cholesterol drug) production in a single scaffold (1.16).
The Effect of Shallow Subsurface Drains on Nitrate-N and Orthophosphorus Losses from Drained Agricultural Lands

Nitrate and Phosphorus losses from agricultural and municipal land treatment sites are an important environmental concern. Data were collected from two drainage systems near Plymouth, NC to determine the effect of drain depth on losses of nitrate nitrogen (NO3 --N) and orthophosphate (OP). Drains in the deep system were 1.5 m deep and 25 m apart while drains in the shallow system were 0.75 m deep and 12.5 m apart. Both plots received swine wastewater applications during the study. Overall, the shallow drain system reduced outflows by 17.8% for the 3 year period. Lower NO3 --N concentrations were observed in the shallow groundwater beneath the shallow drain plot compared to the deep drain plot. In contrast, higher OP concentrations were observed in groundwater at the shallow drain plot. No significant differences were observed in the NO3 --N concentration of the drainage water between the plots. However, the OP concentration in the drainage water of the shallow plot was significantly higher. NO3 - -N export was reduced by 8.5% at the shallow drain plot during the course of the study. Average NO3 - -N export from the shallow drain plot was 49 kg/ha/yr while an average export of 54 kg/ha/yr was observed from the deep drain plot. OP export from the shallow drain plot was 1.89 kg/ha/yr, 95% increase over the OP export (0.97 kg/ha/yr) from the deep drain plot.
Inverse Distri Uncontrolled bution of Serum Inpatients with Sodium and Potassium in Diabetes Mellitus

It has been reported that there is an inverse relationship between serum sodium (Na) and potassium (K) levels in patients with diabetic coma. The present study was undertaken to determine whether such an inverse relation depends upon plasma glucose levels in diabetic patients for their glycemic control. We examined two hundred and fifty-two patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to our hospital during the one-year period to control their plasma glucose levels, except for those having nephropathy or liver dysfunction. Serum Na and K, plasma glucose, and serum and urinary C-peptide levels were determined. There was a negative correlation between serum Na levels and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and, conversely, a positive correlation between serum K levels and FPG. The changes were more evident in the patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus than those with non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus. There was an inverse relation between serum Na and K levels and it was profoundly dependent upon plasma glucose levels in all the diabetic patients before tight control of their glycemic levels. The disorder may be based on the movement of electrolytes between intraand extracellular spaces, dependent on the impaired insulin action as well as hyperosmolality.
Integrating an online configuration checker with existing management systems: Application to CIM/WBEM environments

Runtime configuration validation is a critical requirement if we are to build reliable self-adaptive management systems. This paper presents a generic framework that includes a runtime configuration checker built upon a high-level language dedicated to the specification of configurations and validity constraints. In addition, we describe a methodology for using this framework and integrating the configuration checker with existing management systems. In particular, we show how we use the framework to enrich a CIM/WBEM management environment with automatic runtime configuration validation against a defined set of constraints guarding structural correctness and service behavior conformance. Our experiments with management models conforming to the CIM Virtual System profile show viable results demonstrating the feasibility of our approach.
Scalable Face Image Retrieval Using Attribute-Enhanced Sparse Codewords

Photos with people (e.g., family, friends, celebrities, etc.) are the major interest of users. Thus, with the exponentially growing photos, large-scale content-based face image retrieval is an enabling technology for many emerging applications. In this work, we aim to utilize automatically detected human attributes that contain semantic cues of the face photos to improve content-based face retrieval by constructing semantic codewords for efficient large-scale face retrieval. By leveraging human attributes in a scalable and systematic framework, we propose two orthogonal methods named attribute-enhanced sparse coding and attribute-embedded inverted indexing to improve the face retrieval in the offline and online stages. We investigate the effectiveness of different attributes and vital factors essential for face retrieval. Experimenting on two public datasets, the results show that the proposed methods can achieve up to 43.5% relative improvement in MAP compared to the existing methods.
Expression of the 14-3-3 sigma Protein and Methylation Status of the 14-3-3 sigma gene in Biliary Neoplasms

Background : The 14-3-3 sigma ( ) protein has a negative regulatory role in the cell cycle progression of the. Down-regulation or overexpression of the 14-3-3 protein has been reported in various human cancers. Methods : Immunohistochemistry for the 14-3-3 protein was performed in non-neoplastic bile duct cells, intraductal papillary neoplasms of the liver (IPNL), mass-forming intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ICC) and non-papillary extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (ECC). We investigated the methylation status of the 14-3-3 gene in 45 cases of these 3 tumor groups. Results : The non-neoplastic bile duct cells demonstrated negative or weakly positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for the 14-3-3 protein and no methylation of the 14-3-3 gene. Overexpression as well as negative immunoreactivity associated with hypermethylation of the 14-3-3 protein was observed in 16 (69.6%) of 23 cases of IPNL, in 21 (63.6%) of 33 cases of mass-forming ICC and in 27 (71.1%) of 38 cases of non-papillary ECC. Negative immunoreactivity was increased in the invasive IPNL (4/6, 66.7%), as well as in the poorly differentiated cases of mass-forming ICC (8/12, 66.7%) and the non-papillary ECC (5/8, 62.5%). Conclusions : The similar rates for the abnormal expression of the 14-3-3 protein among the three groups of biliary neoplasms indicate its general association with biliary carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the loss of the 14-3-3 protein may be involved in the tumor progression and differentiation in the biliary carcinogenesis.
Experimental compaction of clays: relationship between permeability and petrophysical properties in mudstones

ABSTRACT This study determines the relationship between permeability and other petrophysical properties in synthetic mudstones as a function of vertical effective stress. Six brine-saturated clay slurries consisting of smectite and kaolinite were compacted in the laboratory under both controlled pore pressure and proper drained conditions. Porosity, permeability, bulk density, velocity (both Vp and Vs) and rock mechanical properties were measured constantly under increasing vertical effective stress up to 50 MPa. The results show that smectite-rich clays compact significantly less and have lower bulk density, velocity, permeability, bulk and shear modulus but higher Poisson's ratio compared to kaolinite-rich clays at the same effective stress. Kaolinite aggregates compacted to about 26% porosity at 10 MPa effective stress corresponding to about 1 km burial depth in a normally compacted basin, whereas a pure smectite aggregate has a porosity of about 46% at the same stress. The permeability of kaolinite aggregates varies between 0.1 mD and 0.001 mD, while that of smectite aggregates varies from 0.004 mD to 0.00006 mD (60 nD) at stresses between 1 MPa and 50 MPa. Permeabilities in clays show a logarithmic decrease with increasing effective stress, bulk density, velocity or decreasing porosity. At the same porosity or bulk density, permeabilities differ up to five orders of magnitude within the smectite–kaolinite mixtures. Applications of the Kozeny–Carman equation for calculating permeability based on porosity in mudstones will therefore produce highly erroneous results. The relationships between Vp, Vs, bulk and shear modulus to permeability also vary by up to four orders of magnitude depending on the clay compositions. Velocities or rock mechanical properties will therefore not be suitable to estimate permeability in mudstones unless the mineralogy and textural relationships are known. These experimental results demonstrate that smectite content may be critical for building up pore pressure in mudstones compared to kaolinite. The results help to constrain compaction and fluid flow in mudstones in shallower parts of the basins (<80–100°C) where mechanical compaction is the dominant process. These results may also have implications for waste disposal and engineering practice, including structural design and slope stability analysis.
Experimental Measurements of Trace Element Partitioning Between Lawsonite, Zoisite and Fluid and their Implication for the Composition of Arc Magmas

We present experimental data on the partitioning of Li, Be, B, K, Mg, Sr, Ga, Rb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd,Tb, Dy, Ho, Er,Tm,Yb, Lu,Th, U, Hf, Zr, Nb andTa between lawsonite and fluid, and zoisite and fluid at 3·0^3·5 GPa and 650^8508C.The aim is to provide data bearing on the trace element contents of fluids released during dehydration of subducting oceanic crust. Experimental trace element partition coefficients for lawsonite indicate a preference for the light rare earth elements (LREE) over the heavy REE (HREE) and for Be.These characteristics are consistent with the chemical composition of lawsonite in natural rocks. Experimental trace element partition coefficients for zoisite indicate a preference for HREE relative to LREE.This observation, consistent with earlier experimental data, is the reverse of the observed trace element compositions of natural zoisites, indicating the influence of other factors on the trace element contents of this phase. Lattice strain theory explains well the experimentally derived partitioning of divalent cations in the Ca-site between lawsonite and fluid. However, the weak relative fractionation of REE between lawsonite and fluid cannot be explained by lattice strain theory, as previously observed for zoisite^fluid REE partitioning.We combine our experimental data with thermodynamic models of mineral stability to model the compositions of fluids released during subduction of altered normal mid-ocean ridge basalt.The low La/Sm ratio associated with very high Ba/Th in arc magmas can be explained only if allanite is stable in the subducting oceanic crust. This suggests that the crustal fluid component involved in arc magma petrogenesis results from processes occurring in the warm, top part of the subducting slab. Decreasing lawsonite modal proportion with depth is associated with a large release of fluid characterized by low B/Be ratios that could explain the decreasing B/Be ratios in arc magmas with increasing distance from the trench.This implies that an important Be input in arc magma originates from the fluid generated during oceanic crust dehydration.
An Improved Medium-Field Multivariate Public-Key Encryption Scheme

The MFE cryptosystem proposed by Wang et al. uses medium-size field extensions, which makes faster. However, it is insecure due to SOLEs attack by Ding et al. In this paper, we compose the central map of MFE with a new map to obtain an improved MFE MQ-scheme, which can resist the SOLEs attack. Meanwhile, with well-chosen parameters it can also resist rank attack and XL & Grobner bases attack. As far as we know, the idea of composing the central map with a new map to resist SOLEs (HOLEs) attack is put forward for the first time. It is possible to resist SOLEs (HOLEs) attack by composing the central map with a new map for all the broken mixed-field MQ-schemes.
Spatial and temporal second messenger codes for growth cone turning

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium are ubiquitous, interdependent second messengers that regulate a wide range of cellular processes. During development of neuronal networks they are critical for the first step of circuit formation, transducing signals required for axon pathfinding. Surprisingly, the spatial and temporal cAMP and calcium codes used by axon guidance molecules are unknown. Here, we identify characteristics of cAMP and calcium transients generated in growth cones during Netrin-1–dependent axon guidance. In filopodia, Netrin-1–dependent Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) receptor activation induces a transient increase in cAMP that causes a brief increase in calcium transient frequency. In contrast, activation of DCC in growth cone centers leads to a transient calcium-dependent cAMP increase and a sustained increase in frequency of calcium transients. We show that filopodial cAMP transients regulate spinal axon guidance in vitro and commissural axon pathfinding in vivo. These growth cone codes provide a basis for selective activation of specific downstream effectors.
The Per-Fide Corpus : A new Resource for Corpus-Based Terminology, Contrastive Linguistics and Translation Studies

The Per-Fide project is a joint collaboration between researchers at the Department of Informatics and the Institute of Arts and Humanities at the University of Minho, Portugal. The acronym Per-Fide stands for Portuguese (P) in parallel with 6 languages: English (E), Russian (R), French (F), Italian (I), German/Deutsch (D) and Spanish/ Espanol (E). First, we expound on the role of the Per-Fide project within the context of existing corpora that include the Portuguese language in its different variants – namely, European Portuguese, Brazilian Portuguese and Portuguese spoken in African countries (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe). The idea of creating a multilingual parallel corpus project in which Portuguese assumes a pivotal role arose primarily due to the fact that the majority of online corpora that include Portuguese are either monolingual or bilingual. Furthermore, these corpora focus mainly on one specific text type. Consequently, the few multilingual parallel corpora that include Portuguese consist of a relatively small Portuguese subcorpus1 and provide limited search facilities mainly due to the fact that the Portuguese texts have not been morphologically tagged and/or syntactically annotated. Our second goal in this chapter is to provide an overview of the design criteria for the development of tools and resources in the various stages of the Per-Fide corpora construction process, focusing particularly on automation, validation, generalization and resource sharing. Here, a brief description of the workflow components involved in the preand post-alignment phases will be included. Finally, we draw attention to several practical applications of the current features of the Per-Fide corpus in translation practice and contrastive linguistic studies, focusing on the use and potential of probabilistic translation dictionaries and the role that parallel corpora can play in translating idioms.