Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Networks in an Urban Area: First Canberra Study1

However, studies of social interaction in cities have often given rise to enticing theoretical questions which it has not been possible to answer. More specifically, a growing number of studies provide information about ’ego networks’-about individual urban residents and those with whom each is in direct contact-but leave unanswered questions as to whether such (ipso facto disconnected) network segments are really tied together in some manner, and if so how. For example, Martin (1970) studied the social ties of residents of three Adelaide suburbs, and found that it was not uncommon for two respondents, each living in a different
Development and characterization of LTA-appended chitosan nanoparticles for mucosal immunization against hepatitis B

Abstract The present study was aimed at exploring the targeting potential of LTA-anchored chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NP) specifically to M cell following oral immunization. The lectinized CH-NP exhibited 7–29% coupling capacity depending upon the amount of glutaraldehyde added. Induction of the mucosal immunity was assessed by estimating secretory IgA level in the salivary, intestinal and vaginal secretions, and cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-γ) levels in the spleen homogenates. The results demonstrated that LTA-anchored CH-NP elicited strong humoral and cellular responses and hence could be a competent carrier-adjuvant delivery system for oral mucosal immunization against Hepatitis B.
Scaling up Ecological Measurements of Coral Reefs Using Semi-Automated Field Image Collection and Analysis

Ecological measurements in marine settings are often constrained in space and time, with spatial heterogeneity obscuring broader generalisations. While advances in remote sensing, integrative modelling and meta-analysis enable generalisations from field observations, there is an underlying need for high-resolution, standardised and geo-referenced field data. Here, we evaluate a new approach aimed at optimising data collection and analysis to assess broad-scale patterns of coral reef community composition using automatically annotated underwater imagery, captured along 2 km transects. We validate this approach by investigating its ability to detect spatial (e.g., across regions) and temporal (e.g., over years) change, and by comparing automated annotation errors to those of multiple human annotators. Our results indicate that change of coral reef benthos can be captured at high resolution both spatially and temporally, with an average error below 5%, among key benthic groups. Cover estimation errors using automated annotation varied between 2% and 12%, slightly larger than human errors (which varied between 1% and 7%), but small enough to detect significant changes among dominant groups. Overall, this approach allows a rapid collection of in-situ observations at larger spatial scales (km) than previously possible, and provides a pathway to link, calibrate, and validate broader analyses across even larger spatial scales (10–10,000 km2).
The Impact Of Using The Heuristic Teaching Method On Jordanian Mathematics Students

This study investigates the impact of using the heuristic teaching approach for teaching mathematics to tenth grade students in Jordan. The researchers followed the equivalent pre/post T test two group designs. To achieve the goal of the study, a pre/post- test was constructed to measure student achievement in mathematics. The sample for this study consisted of 142 students; 69 male students and 73 female students from tenth grade at King Abdullah School in Irbid, Jordan for the first semester of the academic year 2011/2012. The subjects of the study were distributed into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group was taught mathematics using the heuristic approach while the control group was taught mathematics using the traditional method of teaching. The subjects were 34 male students for the experimental group and 35 male students for the control group, while the female students for the experimental and control group were 37 and 36 respectively. Those subjects were distributed into two purposefully selected sections at king Abdullah School in Irbid. Descriptive statistical analyses were used (means and standard deviation) for the pre- and post- tests of students. Comparison statistical methods were used (Two Way ANOVA) analysis of variance to make a comparison between the control and the experimental groups and gender variable. The findings of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the post- test between the control and the experimental groups in favor of the experimental group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the students' achievement due to gender. There was no statistically significant difference due to the interaction between gender and group. The researcher proposes some recommendations to enhance the effect of using heuristic approach in teaching mathematics on students' performance such as conducting further studies in other universities.
Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey

This article is a survey of existing hypertext systems, their applications, and their design. It is both an introduction to the world of hypertext and, at a deeper cut, a survey of some of the most important design issues that go into fashioning a hypertext environment. The concept of hypertext is quite simple: Windows on the screen are associated with objects in a database, and links are provided between these objects, both graphically (as labelled tokens) and in the database (as pointers). But this simple idea is creating much excitement. Several universities have created laboratories for research on hypertext, many articles have been written about the concept just within the last year, and the Smithsonian Institute has created a demonstration laboratory to develop and display hypertext technologies.
Alignment-free sequence comparison-a review

MOTIVATION Genetic recombination and, in particular, genetic shuffling are at odds with sequence comparison by alignment, which assumes conservation of contiguity between homologous segments. A variety of theoretical foundations are being used to derive alignment-free methods that overcome this limitation. The formulation of alternative metrics for dissimilarity between sequences and their algorithmic implementations are reviewed. RESULTS The overwhelming majority of work on alignment-free sequence has taken place in the past two decades, with most reports published in the past 5 years. Two main categories of methods have been proposed-methods based on word (oligomer) frequency, and methods that do not require resolving the sequence with fixed word length segments. The first category is based on the statistics of word frequency, on the distances defined in a Cartesian space defined by the frequency vectors, and on the information content of frequency distribution. The second category includes the use of Kolmogorov complexity and Chaos Theory. Despite their low visibility, alignment-free metrics are in fact already widely used as pre-selection filters for alignment-based querying of large applications. Recent work is furthering their usage as a scale-independent methodology that is capable of recognizing homology when loss of contiguity is beyond the possibility of alignment. AVAILABILITY Most of the alignment-free algorithms reviewed were implemented in MATLAB code and are available at http://bioinformatics.musc. edu/resources.html
Practical laboratory project in telemedicine: Supervision of electrocardiograms by mobile telephony

This paper describes a project carried out in the laboratory of Principles of Bioengineering within the Telecommunications Engineering degree (five academic years plus a final thesis). The main object of this project is to set up a portable system for the acquisition, analysis, and transmission by mobile telephony of the electrocardiogram (ECG) of an indeterminate number of patients. The network of patients is managed from a control center (CC), comprising a personal computer (PC) with application software and a mobile telephony communications system. In a real system, each patient would have a patient terminal with a microprocessor-based, ECG-acquisition system with processing and transmission by mobile telephony. Time and technical considerations mean that, in the project, the patient terminal will have to be implemented in a PC. To perform this project, the students must have a wide range of knowledge acquired in this course and in other subjects required for this degree: design of bioamplifiers, information-processing algorithms, mobile-telephony communications, user-interface programming, etc. Having to use these concepts will no doubt serve as a stimulus to the students carrying out the work.
A Connection between Star Formation in Nuclear Rings and Their Host Galaxies

We present results from a photometric Hα survey of 22 nuclear rings, aiming to provide insight into their star formation properties, including age distribution, dynamical timescales, star formation rates, and galactic bar influence. We find a clear relationship between the position angles and ellipticities of the rings and those of their host galaxies, which indicates the rings are in the same plane as the disk and circular. We use population synthesis models to estimate ages of each Hα-emitting (H II) region, which range from 1 to 10 Myr throughout the rings. We find that approximately half of the rings contain azimuthal age gradients that encompass at least 25% of the ring, although there is no apparent relationship between the presence or absence of age gradients and the morphology of the rings or their host galaxies. NGC 1343, NGC 1530, and NGC 4321 show clear bipolar age gradients, where the youngest H II regions are located near the two contact points of the bar and ring. We speculate in these cases that the gradients are related to an increased mass inflow rate and/or an overall higher gas density in the ring, which would allow for massive star formation to occur on short timescales, after which the galactic rotation would transport the H II regions around the ring as they age. Two-thirds of the barred galaxies show correlation between the locations of the youngest H II region(s) in the ring and the location of the contact points, which is consistent with predictions from numerical modeling.
Policy driven multi-band spectrum aggregation for ultra-broadband wireless networks

Sustaining the impressive mobile Internet revolution that has transformed our lives requires addressing the key challenge of designing future ultra-broadband wireless networks that can keep up with the data traffic growth. One of the key techniques to increase per-user as well as system capacity is to increase the amount of spectrum used in the network. However, given cost-effective radios that can radiate in 100s MHz of spectrum are still not practical, alternate solutions that concurrently exploit multiple radios and multi-band support in current devices and networks need to be explored. The carrier aggregation technology in LTE-Advanced networks represents a step in this direction. However, such an intra-network, single standard baseband specific approach does not scale well as it does not effectively exploit multi-network. multi-band and multi-operator connectivity and therefore, to rectify these shortcomings we envision an aggregation solution at transport or network-layer. We propose an end-to-end architecture that uses Multi-path TCP (MPTCP) as the key building block and supports concept of multi-path policies that exposes to end-users and networks unprecedented control on use of network resources on various spectrum bands and paths. We identify that uncontrolled widespread MPTCP use can lead to unfair resource allocation and reduced spectral efficiency. We solve this problem using a centralized network-resident service for managing multi-path usage throughout an administrative domain such as an operator network, or enterprise. This service makes central decisions based on network-wide information and operator policies. We describe our end-to-end prototype and report on experiments that demonstrate optimized aggregate network capacity in a variety of interesting scenarios.
Systematic evaluation of logical story unit segmentation

Although various logical story unit (LSU) segmentation methods based on visual content have been presented in literature, a common ground for comparison is missing. We present a systematic evaluation of the mutual dependencies of segmentation methods and their performances. LSUs are subjective and cannot be defined with full certainty. To limit subjectivity, we present definitions based on film theory. For evaluation, we introduce a method measuring the quality of a segmentation method and its economic impact rather than the amount of errors. Furthermore, the inherent complexity of the segmentation problem given a visual feature is measured. Also, we show to what extent LSU segmentation depends on the quality of shot boundary segmentation. To understand LSU segmentation, we present a unifying framework classifying segmentation methods into four essentially different types. We present results of an evaluation of the four types under similar circumstances using an unprecedented amount of 20 hours of 17 complete videos in different genres. Tools and ground truths are available for interactive use via the Internet.
Mapping multisensory parietal face and body areas in humans

Detection and avoidance of impending obstacles is crucial to preventing head and body injuries in daily life. To safely avoid obstacles, locations of objects approaching the body surface are usually detected via the visual system and then used by the motor system to guide defensive movements. Mediating between visual input and motor output, the posterior parietal cortex plays an important role in integrating multisensory information in peripersonal space. We used functional MRI to map parietal areas that see and feel multisensory stimuli near or on the face and body. Tactile experiments using full-body air-puff stimulation suits revealed somatotopic areas of the face and multiple body parts forming a higher-level homunculus in the superior posterior parietal cortex. Visual experiments using wide-field looming stimuli revealed retinotopic maps that overlap with the parietal face and body areas in the postcentral sulcus at the most anterior border of the dorsal visual pathway. Starting at the parietal face area and moving medially and posteriorly into the lower-body areas, the median of visual polar-angle representations in these somatotopic areas gradually shifts from near the horizontal meridian into the lower visual field. These results suggest the parietal face and body areas fuse multisensory information in peripersonal space to guard an individual from head to toe.
Relationships between Periodic Behaviors in Micro-blogging and the Users' Baseline Mood

Twitter messages are real-time, spontaneous reports of what the users are feeling, thinking, and doing. The frequency of posting "Tweets" oscillates periodically in one-day and seven-day cycles. These periodic patterns may be related to the individual users' baseline affective state. In order to investigate individual periodic behavior in social media, we performed a Fourier series expansion and PCA on intra-week Tweet-frequency changes of 11,570 individuals. Moreover, the relationships between the users' baseline mood and the principal component scores were investigated. High frequency in daytime tweets on weekdays was found to be linked to a low positive affective state. The larger number of posting tweets was related to the negative affective state.
Three-Year Experience of Treating Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma with Interferon

This paper presents the 3-year follow-up of the original 19 patients with recurrent respiratory papilloma treated with exogenous alpha human leukocyte interferon (α-IFN) at the University of Iowa. Two patients were dropped from the study because of poor patient compliance, and one was lost to follow-up. After approximately 1 year of α-IFN treatment, five patients were clear, and the rest continued to have disease: Seven mild, two moderate, and two severe. A second course of α-IFN was administered to eight patients, all of whom had a decrease in the volume of the papilloma. The reduction in anatomic distribution was variable. During the observation period all patients either cleared (50%), improved (25%), or continued with severe disease (25%). In summary, the response of recurrent respiratory papilloma to α-IFN therapy is dramatic in some patients and slight in others.
OVERCOMING PATRIARCHAL CONSTRAINTS:

This article examines how gender shapes the migration and settlement experiences of Mexican immigrant women and men. The article compares the experiences of families in which the husbands departed prior to 1965 to those in which the husbands departed after 1965 and argues that the lengthy spousal separations altered (albeit differentially for each group) patterns of patriarchal authority and the traditional gendered household division of labor. This induced a trend toward more egalitarian conjugal relations upon settlement in the United States. Examining the changing contexts of migration illuminates the fluid character of patriarchy's control in Mexican immigrant families.
Retrograde flow in the deep veins of subjects with normal venous function

Background Duplex ultrasonography has become the optimal non‐invasive method of assessing the deep venous system of the leg. The stimuli used to promote reverse flow, subject positioning, and the veins scanned have varied between studies. Reverse flow of less than 0.5 s is accepted as ‘normal’, however, all published studies have demonstrated ‘normal’ subjects with deep vein reverse flow exceeding this time. The aim of this study was to establish the duration of reverse flow in all deep vein segments, and to determine the optimal method of eliciting reverse flow in individuals with proven normal deep vein function.
Death at the opposite ends of the Eurasian continent. Mortality trends in Taiwan and the Netherlands, 1850-1945

Contents - 5[-]Introduction - 8[-]1 Trends in mortality and the evolution of the cause-of-death pattern in the Netherlands: 1850-20001 - 18[-]2 Trends in mortality and causes of death in Japanese colonial period Taiwan - 46[-]3 Mortality in the Netherlands: general development and regional differences - 82[-]4 Regional and ethnic variation inmortality in Japanese colonial period Taiwan - 100[-]5 An outline of socio-medical care in the Netherlands, 19th and early 20th centuries - 154[-]6 An overview of public health development in Japan-ruled Taiwan - 166[-]7 The demographic history of smallpox in the Netherlands,18th-19th centuries - 184[-]8 Anti-malaria policy in Colonial Taiwan - 204[-]9 Maternal mortality in Taiwan and the Netherlands, 1850-1945 - 230[-]10 Maternal depletion and infant mortality - 276[-]11 The massacre of the innocents Infant mortality in Lugang (Taiwan)and Nijmegen (the Netherlands) - 290[-]12 Illegitimacy, adoption,and mortality among Girls in Penghu, 1906-1945 - 318[-]13 How reliable is Taiwan's colonial period demographic data? An empirical study using demographic indirect estimation techniques - 350[-]References - 378
Community signalling between Streptococcus gordonii and Porphyromonas gingivalis is controlled by the transcriptional regulator CdhR

Interspecies signalling between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii serves to constrain development of dual species communities. Contact with S. gordonii propagates a tyrosine phosphorylation‐dependent signal within P. gingivalis that culminates in reduced transcription of adhesin and signalling genes. Here we demonstrate the involvement of the P. gingivalis orphan LuxR family transcription factor PGN_1373, which we designate CdhR, in this control pathway. Expression of cdhR is elevated following contact with S. gordonii; however, regulation of cdhR did not occur in a mutant lacking the tyrosine phosphatase Ltp1, indicating that CdhR and Ltp1 are components of the same regulon. Contact between S. gordonii and a CdhR mutant resulted in increased transcription of mfa, encoding the subunit of the short fimbriae, along with higher levels of Mfa protein. Expression of luxS, encoding AI‐2 synthase, was also increased in the cdhR mutant after contact with S. gordonii. The Mfa adhesive function and AI‐2‐dependent signalling participate in the formation and development of dual species communities, and consistent with this the cdhR mutant displayed elevated accumulation on a substratum of S. gordonii. Recombinant CdhR protein bound to upstream regulatory regions of both mfa and luxS, indicating that CdhR has a direct effect on gene expression. LuxS was also found to participate in a positive feedback loop that suppresses CdhR expression. Interaction of Mfa fimbriae with S. gordonii is necessary to initiate signalling through CdhR. These results reveal CdhR to be an effector molecule in a negative regulatory network that controls P. gingivalis–S. gordonii heterotypic communities.
Évaluation quasi-expérimentale des interventions médicales : méthode des variables instrumentales

L’objectif de cet article est de presenter, sans formalisation statistique excessive, la methode des variables instrumentales (VI) pour analyser la securite comparative des interventions en vie reelle. La methode des VI est utilisee dans le cadre des etudes observationnelles. Nous l’illustrerons a l’aide d’un exemple de la litterature portant sur la securite comparative des anti-inflammatoires non steroidiens (AINS) utilisant les preferences de prescription des medecins pour les AINS comme VI. L’approche des VI permet de controler le biais d’indication mais elle est toutefois tres contraignante au niveau de la verification de la validite des VI.
Altered hematopoiesis in trisomy 21 as revealed through in vitro differentiation of isogenic human pluripotent cells

Trisomy 21 is associated with hematopoietic abnormalities in the fetal liver, a preleukemic condition termed transient myeloproliferative disorder, and increased incidence of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Human trisomy 21 pluripotent cells of various origins, human embryionic stem (hES), and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, were differentiated in vitro as a model to recapitulate the effects of trisomy on hematopoiesis. To mitigate clonal variation, we isolated disomic and trisomic subclones from the same parental iPS line, thereby generating subclones isogenic except for chromosome 21. Under differentiation conditions favoring development of fetal liver-like, γ-globin expressing, definitive hematopoiesis, we found that trisomic cells of hES, iPS, or isogenic origins exhibited a two- to fivefold increase in a population of CD43+(Leukosialin)/CD235+(Glycophorin A) hematopoietic cells, accompanied by increased multilineage colony-forming potential in colony-forming assays. These findings establish an intrinsic disturbance of multilineage myeloid hematopoiesis in trisomy 21 at the fetal liver stage.