Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Solution structure of the Cu(I) and apo forms of the yeast metallochaperone, Atx1.

The (1)H NMR solution structure of the Cu(I)-bound form of Atx1, a 73-amino acid metallochaperone protein from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been determined. Ninety percent of the (1)H and 95% of the (15)N resonances were assigned, and 1184 meaningful NOEs and 42 (3)J(HNH)(alpha) and 60 (1)J(HN) residual dipolar couplings provided a family of structures with rmsd values to the mean structure of 0.37 +/- 0.07 A for the backbone and 0.83 +/- 0.08 A for all heavy atoms. The structure is constituted by four antiparallel beta strands and two alpha helices in a betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold. Following EXAFS data [Pufahl, R. , Singer, C. P., Peariso, K. L. , Lin, S. -J., Schmidt, P. J., Fahrni, C. J., Cizewski Culotta, V. , Penner-Hahn, J. E. , and O'Halloran, T. V. (1997) Science 278, 853-856], a copper ion can be placed between two sulfur atoms of Cys15 and Cys18. The structure of the reduced apo form has also been determined with similar resolution using 1252 meaningful NOEs (rmsd values for the family to the mean structure are 0.67 +/- 0.12 A for the backbone and 1.00 +/- 0.12 A for all heavy atoms). Comparison of the Cu(I) and apo conformations of the protein reveals that the Cu(I) binding cysteines move from a buried site in the bound metal form to a solvent-exposed conformation on the surface of the protein after copper release. Furthermore, copper release leads to a less helical character in the metal binding site. Comparison with the Hg(II)-Atx1 solid-state structure [Rosenzweig, A. C. , Huffman, D. L. , Hou, M. Y. , Wernimont, A. K. , Pufahl, R. A. , and O'Halloran, T. V. (1999) Structure 7, 605-617] provides insights into the copper transfer mechanism, and a pivotal role for Lys65 in the metal capture and release process is proposed.
The Fundamental Learning Problem that Genetic Algorithms with Uniform Crossover Solve Efficiently and Repeatedly As Evolution Proceeds

This paper establishes theoretical bonafides for implicit concurrent multivariate effect evaluation--implicit concurrency for short---a broad and versatile computational learning efficiency thought to underlie general-purpose, non-local, noise-tolerant optimization in genetic algorithms with uniform crossover (UGAs). We demonstrate that implicit concurrency is indeed a form of efficient learning by showing that it can be used to obtain close-to-optimal bounds on the time and queries required to approximately correctly solve a constrained version (k=7, \eta=1/5) of a recognizable computational learning problem: learning parities with noisy membership queries. We argue that a UGA that treats the noisy membership query oracle as a fitness function can be straightforwardly used to approximately correctly learn the essential attributes in O(log^1.585 n) queries and O(n log^1.585 n) time, where n is the total number of attributes. Our proof relies on an accessible symmetry argument and the use of statistical hypothesis testing to reject a global null hypothesis at the 10^-100 level of significance. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first relatively rigorous identification of efficient computational learning in an evolutionary algorithm on a non-trivial learning problem.
Boosting GPU Performance by Profiling-Based L1 Data Cache Bypassing

Cache memories have been introduced in recent generations of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to benefit general-purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPUs). In this work, we analyze the memory access patterns of GPGPU applications and propose a cost-effective profiling-based method to identify the data accesses that should bypass the L1 data cache to improve performance. The evaluation indicates that the proposed L1 cache bypassing can improve the GPU performance by 13.8% on average.
New Seismic Methods to Support Sea-Ice Platform Drilling

is currently a consortium of five nations (Germany, Italy, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America). By drilling, coring and analyzing stratigraphic archives along the Antarctic continental margin, ANDRILL pursues its primary goal of better understanding the role the Antarctic cryosphere plays in the global climate system (Harwood et al., 2006). The ANDRILL drilling system was developed to operate on both ice shelf and sea-ice platforms (Harwood et al., 2006; Falconer et al., 2007; Naish et al., 2007; Florindo et al., 2008). While thick multiyear sea ice provides stable and safe drilling platforms, identifying drilling targets in regions where these sea-ice conditions occur can be problematic due to a paucity of marine seismic reflection data because near-constant sea ice limits ship access (Fig. 1). In response to this problem ANDRILL developed new over-sea-ice seismic methods to extend seismic reflection data coverage to regions of multiyear sea ice. Previous over-sea-ice seismic experiments had limited success due to (1) poor source coupling caused by thin sea ice, (2) source-induced ice flexural modes that cause coherent noise, which is difficult to remove from data, and (3) source bubble-pulse effects caused by explosive seismic sources placed in the water column (Cobb, 1973; Cook, 1973; Mertz, 1981; McGinnis et al., 1985; Davy and Alder, 1989; Rendleman and Levin, 1990; Barrett et al., 2000; Bannister and Naish, 2002; Horgan and Bannister, 2004). During the austral spring-summer of 2005, approximately 28 km of over-sea-ice seismic reflection data were recorded in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (Fig. 2) for ANDRILL’s Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Project (Harwood et al., 2004). ANDRILL developed seismic survey techniques for the SMS Project that improved the quality of over-sea-ice seismic data (Betterly et al., 2007). A Generator-Injector (GI) air gun was used as the seismic source (Fig. 3A). Single air-gun-source marine seismic surveys typically use a GI technique, in which a secondary air pulse is injected into the primary air pulse on a short time delay. The injection of the secondary air pulse dampens the generation of the bubble pulse. The GI air gun was lowered into the water column via holes drilled through the sea ice. The GI air gun minimized the source bubble effects that plagued previous over-sea-ice experiments in the Antarctic. Moreover, a 60-channel seismic snow streamer consisting of vertically oriented gimbaled geophones with 25-m takeout spacing was employed to aid rapid data collection (Fig. 4).
Shakhbazian compact galaxy groups - II. Photometric and spectroscopic study of ShCG 376

The results of the redshift measurements and of the detailed surface photometry in BVR of the compact group ShCG 376 are presented. The radial velocity dispersion, the virial mass, the total luminosity, the ${\cal M}/L$ ratio, and the crossing time of the group are estimated. The group consists of eight accordant redshift spiral galaxies. Four (or possibly five) of the group members have emission-line spectra. Such morphological content and the number of emission-line galaxies are very atypical for compact galaxy groups. There are signs of interaction between some members of the group. It is suggested that the irregular shape of the brightest galaxy No. 4 is probably due to interaction with other members of the group, particularly, the emission line galaxy No. 6 with a discordant redshift ($\Delta v = 2600$ km s -1 ). It is speculated that the latter galaxy may be a infalling intruder to the group.
Constructing two phonological systems: A phonetic analysis of /p/, /t/, /k/ among early Spanish–English bilingual speakers

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: Many early Spanish-English bilingual speakers in the USA learn Spanish as their first language at home and English in school. This paper seeks to elucidate whether these speakers develop a separate phonological system for English and, if so, the role of primary and secondary cues in the development of the second language (L2) system. Design/methodology/approach: The phonetic realization of the voiceless stops /p/, /t/, /k/ is analyzed among three groups: early Spanish-English bilinguals; L1 English speakers who are late learners of Spanish; and L1 Spanish speakers who are late learners of English. The participants (N = 15) engaged in a reading task and a conversation task in each language during a single recording session. Data and analysis: 1578 tokens of /p/, /t/, /k/ were extracted and analyzed using acoustic software. Voice onset time in milliseconds and center of gravity in Hertz were analyzed, and monofactorial and multifactorial analyses were performed to determine the role of linguistic background. Findings/conclusions: Evidence is found of two phonological systems among early bilingual speakers, with varying degrees of assimilation to the phonological systems of the native speakers of each language. Originality: We argue that early bilinguals construct their L2 system of /p/, /t/, /k/ in English based on the primary cue of voice onset time rather than the secondary cue of center of gravity, as they are accustomed to noticing differences in voice onset time in Spanish and because the center of gravity of /p/, /t/, /k/ in English is more variable than voice onset time, and therefore represents a more variable and less predictable cue for early bilinguals as they construct their L2 system. Significance/implications: This paper contributes to the literature on the construction of phonological systems and to research detailing the speech of early Spanish-English bilinguals.
Morpheme Graph Construction for Speech and Natural Language Integration

This paper describes a morphological analysis method of continuous spoken Korean to solve the integration problem of speech recognition and natural language processing. The method centers on a Viterbi search-based morphological analysis on top of speech signal processing and MLP-based phone recognition. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce a Viterbi search-based morphological analysis technique for agglutinative languages' speech processing. In several experiments, we obtained average 84.4% of continuous morpheme recognition performance in the morpheme graph directly built from the average 75.9% of phone recognition performance .
Digital RF Processor Techniques for Single-Chip Radios

RF circuits for multi-GHz frequencies have recently migrated to low-cost digital deep-submicron CMOS processes. Unfortunately, this process environment, which is optimized only for digital logic and SRAM memory, is extremely unfriendly for conventional analog and RF designs. We present fundamental techniques recently developed that transform the RF and analog circuit design complexity to digital domain for a wireless RF transceiver, so that it enjoys the benefits of digital approach, such as process node scaling and design automation. All-digital phase locked loop, all-digital control of phase and amplitude of a polar transmitter, and direct RF sampling techniques allow great flexibility in reconfigurable radio design. Digital signal processing concepts are used to help relieve analog design complexity, allowing one to reduce cost and power consumption in a reconfigurable design environment. VHDL hardware description language is universally used throughout this SoC. The ideas presented have been used in Texas Instruments to develop two generations of commercial digital RF processors: a single-chip Bluetooth radio and a single-chip GSM radio
The Auditory System of the Dipteran Parasitoid Emblemasoma auditrix (Sarcophagidae)

Several taxa of insects evolved a tympanate ear at different body positions, whereby the ear is composed of common parts: a scolopidial sense organ, a tracheal air space, and a tympanal membrane. Here, we analyzed the anatomy and physiology of the ear at the ventral prothorax of the sarcophagid fly, Emblemasoma auditrix (Soper). We used micro-computed tomography to analyze the ear and its tracheal air space in relation to the body morphology. Both tympana are separated by a small cuticular bridge, face in the same frontal direction, and are backed by a single tracheal enlargement. This enlargement is connected to the anterior spiracles at the dorsofrontal thorax and is continuous with the tracheal network in the thorax and in the abdomen. Analyses of responses of auditory afferents and interneurons show that the ear is broadly tuned, with a sensitivity peak at 5 kHz. Single-cell recordings of auditory interneurons indicate a frequency- and intensity-dependent tuning, whereby some neurons react best to 9 kHz, the peak frequency of the host’s calling song. The results are compared to the convergently evolved ear in Tachinidae (Diptera).
Functional maturation of adult‐generated granule cells

The excitability and connectivity of adult‐generated granule cells dictate to what extent newborn neurons participate in the hippocampal network. These functional parameters evolve as newborn cells mature and interact with the existing circuit. The progression of granule cell maturation during neonatal development appears to be reiterated in the adult, but with some caveats. New approaches to identify and track newborn neurons are revealing the timing of this process, as well as its sensitivity to activity‐dependent regulation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A role for ASIC3 in the modulation of high-intensity pain stimuli

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3), a proton-gated ion channel of the degenerins/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) receptor family is expressed predominantly in sensory neurons including nociceptive neurons responding to protons. To study the role of ASIC3 in pain signaling, we generated ASIC3 knockout mice. Mutant animals were healthy and responded normally to most sensory stimuli. However, in behavioral assays for pain responses, ASIC3 null mutant mice displayed a reduced latency to the onset of pain responses, or more pain-related behaviors, when stimuli of moderate to high intensity were used. This unexpected effect seemed independent of the modality of the stimulus and was observed in the acetic acid-induced writhing test (0.6 vs. 0.1–0.5%), in the hot-plate test (52.5 and 55 vs. 50°C), and in tests for mechanically induced pain (tail-pinch vs. von Frey filaments). We postulate that ASIC3 is involved in modulating moderate- to high-intensity pain sensation.
A small non-volatile write buffer to reduce storage writes in smartphones

Storage write behavior in mobile devices, e.g., smartphones, is characterized by frequent overwrites of small data. In our work, we first demonstrate a small non-volatile write buffer is effective in coalescing such overwrites to reduce storage writes. We also present how to make the best use of write buffer resource the size of which is limited by the requirement of small form factor. We present two new methods, shadow tag and SQLite-aware buffer management both of which aim at identifying hot storage data to keep in the write buffer. We also investigate the storage behavior of multiple mobile applications and show that their interference can reduce the effectiveness of write buffer. In order to resolve this problem, we propose a new dynamic buffer allocation method. We did experiments with real mobile applications running on a smartphone and a Flash memory-based storage system and obtained average 56.2% and 50.2% reduction in storage writes in single and multiple application runs, respectively.
Domain-Neutral Relation Characterisation: Evaluation on Disease-Treatment Data

Adapting conventional supervised relation extraction (RE) systems to new domains requires significant effort from annotators and developers. Thus, we propose models for relation characterisation – the subtask of RE that assigns types to extracted relations – that have domain adaptation costs of zero. Development experiments on newswire text compare dimensionality reduction techniques and show that a probabilistic model successfully incorporates a larger and more interdependent feature set, outperforming an unreduced model and a linear algebraic model. More importantly, we show that the newswire-optimised model achieves an f-score of 0.611 on disease-treatment data. This is nearly identical to performance on the newswire data, proving that the model is capable of generalising to the biomedical domain.
Effects of Memory Randomization, Sanitization and Page Cache on Memory Deduplication

deduplication merges same-content memory pages and reduces the consumption of physical memory. It is a desirable feature for virtual machines on IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) type cloud computing, because IaaS hosts many guest OSes which are expected to include many identical memory pages. However, some security capabilities of the guest OS modify memory contents for each execution (e.g., ASLR: Address Space Layout Randomization) or uniformly set inactive memory contents to zero (Memory Sanitization). These capabilities have positive or negative impacts on memory deduplication. The severity of the impact depends on the size of the memory (i.e., the number of virtual machines) and update frequency, because most memory deduplications scan and merge the memory at runtime at regular intervals. We evaluated the effects of ASLR, Memory Sanitization, and their related security capabilities (Position Independent Executables, page cache flushing, and dirty page flushing) of the Linux guest operating system on the KVM virtual machine with KSM (Kernel Samepage Merging) memory deduplication. The results indicate ASLR increases physical memory consumption by more than 18% on 4 virtual machines with memory deduplication. The combination of memory sanitization and page cache flushing reduce physical memory consumption about 20 - 35% at a stable state.
THE EFFECTS OF ATTITUDE , SOCIAL INFLUENCES AND PERCEIVED BEHAVIOURAL CONTROL ON INTENTION TO PURCHASE ONLINE SHOPPING APPARELS IN MALAYSIA : CASE STUDY ON ZALORA

This study explores factors that influence consumer’s intention to purchase towards ZALORA apparels in Malaysia. ZALORA, Malaysia is the fastest growing online shopping portal that offers variety of brands like Prada, Marc Jacobs and Nike alongside famous local designers such as Jovian Mandagie that covers large price ranges. This represents an important initiative to provide input to service provider as online shopping is still in the infancy stage in emerging market. Based on theory of planned behaviour (TPB) concluded that there are three different determinants of attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control. This theory has been applied on the study to adopt on online shoppers perceptions that varies and have been emerged as a model in investigation to increase predictive power. There are a total of 300 questionnaires that have been distributed around Klang Valley, Malaysia. However, only 200 questionnaires were received from the respective respondents. Specifically, this study investigates on consumer’s purchasing intention towards ZALORA using six different independent variables of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, information privacy and security, product and service quality, social influences and role of experiential online shopping motives. However, the result supports only one hypothesis from out of six hypotheses where only perceived ease of use is significant to consumer’s intention to purchase towards ZALORA. Therefore, perceived ease of use is the factor that is proved to be highly influential and acts a strong determinant in the study on purchase intention of ZALORA products. This research will be of benefit to ZALORA marketers who wish to propose the best marketing strategies in relation to increasingly market its product. Field of Research: ZALORA, apparels, marketing, online shopping, intention to purchase, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, information privacy and security, product and service quality, social influences, role of experiential online shopping motives.
FuzzyCDN: Fuzzy Redirection Algorithm

Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a large distributed system of servers deployed in multiple data centers on the Internet. Its main goal is to serve requests from users providing high availability and performance. It also reduces the system failure risk providing redirection to many replica servers. It can provide load balancing between servers, avoiding network bottlenecks and, therefore, ensuring greater performance and QoE (Quality of Experience) to the end user. One of the critical issues involving CDN networks is the algorithm used to choose the replica server, because it directly influences the performance and scalability of the network. In this paper, the FuzzyCDN algorithm is proposed. The algorithm chooses the best replica server in a CDN network using a Fuzzy logic decision-making algorithm. The proposal is compared in simulation against other algorithms in the literature.
Inter-query data aggregation in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we classify data aggregation into two kinds: single-query data aggregation, inter-query data aggregation. As we know, single-query data aggregation is a hot issue in sensor networks, e.g. TAG (S. Madden, et al., 2002) makes big contribution to single-query data aggregation. But less attention are paid to inter-query data aggregation. We analyze problems existing in inter-query data aggregation as it is more complicated than single-query data aggregation, and then we resolve these problems and evaluate efficiency of our work by computing consumed energy.
Who’s afraid of penal populism? Technocracy and ‘the people’ in the sociology of punishment

Abstract Contemporary sociologists of punishment have criticized the rising incidence of incarceration and punitiveness across the Western world in recent decades. The concepts of populist punitiveness and penal populism have played a central role in their critiques of the burgeoning penal state. These concepts are frequently sustained by a doctrine of penal elitism, which delegates a limited right to politicians and ‘the people’ to shape institutions of punishment, favoring in their place the dominance of bureaucratic and professional elites. I argue that the technocratic inclinations of penal elitism are misguided on empirical, theoretical, and normative grounds. A commitment to democratic politics should make us wary of sidelining the public and their elected representatives in the politics of punishment. A brief discussion of Norway’s legal proceedings against Nazi collaborators in the mid-1940s and the introduction sentencing guidelines commissions in Minnesota in the 1980s shows – pace penal elitism – that professional elites may variously raise the banner of rehabilitationism or retributivism. While penal elitism may yield a few victorious battles against punitiveness, it will not win the war.
FAR: an end-user language to support cottage e-services

E-commerce has begun to evolve beyond simple web pages to more sophisticated ways of conducting e-business transactions, such as through electronic advertising, negotiation, and delivery. However, to participate in these advances requires the skills of professional programmers, and end-user owners of small businesses often cannot justify this expense. In this paper, we present FAR, an end-user language to offer and deliver e-services. The novel aspects of FAR are its support of small e-services and its multiparadigm approach to combining ideas from spreadsheets and rule-based programming with drag-and-drop web page layout devices.