Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
' s personal copy Bagging-based spectral clustering ensemble selection

Traditional clustering ensemble methods combine all obtained clustering results at hand. However, we can often achieve a better clustering solution if only parts of the clustering results available are combined. In this paper, we generalize the selective clustering ensemble algorithm proposed by Azimi and Fern and a novel clustering ensemble method, SELective Spectral Clustering Ensemble (SELSCE), is proposed. The component clusterings of the ensemble system are generated by spectral clustering (SC) capable of engendering diverse committees. The random scaling parameter, Nyström approximation are used to perturb SC for producing the components of the ensemble system. After the generation of component clusterings, the bagging technique, usually applied in supervised learning, is used to assess the component clustering. We randomly pick part of the available clusterings to get a consensus result and then compute normalized mutual information (NMI) or adjusted rand index (ARI) between the consensus result and the component clusterings. Finally, the components are ranked by aggregating multiple NMI or ARI values. The experimental results on UCI dataset and images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve a better result than the traditional clustering ensemble methods. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
New kernel function for hyperspectral image classification

Support Vector Machines is a supervised classifier which used kernel functions to mitigate nonlinear problem. Various kernel functions like Gaussian and polynomial kernels previously used for hyperspectral image classification. In this paper, new kernel function is used for hyperspectral image classification. This kernel is based on wavelet which named wavelet-kernel. The comparative result of Wavelet kernel with two common kernels are given which shows wavelet kernel is a good choice for SVM classifier in remote sensing.
An Intelligent MANet Routing Method MEC

A new protocol MEC (MANet-Erasure codes) is proposed in this paper. By utilizing the advantages of erasure codes, MEC can highly increase scalability in both the size and diameter of the ad-hoc network. Performance comparisons of MEC with AOMDV and AODV using ns-2 simulations show that MEC is able to achieve a remarkable improvement in the robust and efficiency of ad-hoc network.
White space detection and spectrum characterization in urban and rural India

Broadband penetration in developing countries such as India is still very low, especially in rural areas, because of the prohibitive cost of laying cable and fiber. Recently, wireless solutions based on Wi-Fi have been proposed as a cost-effective solution to bridge the last-mile problem. However, Wi-Fi normally operates in the 2.4 GHz band and above, where signal propagation is not as good as in sub-GHz bands such as terrestrial TV bands. Using TV white spaces for broadband connectivity can be game changing, bringing down the cost of such networks to an affordable level. Few studies exist, however, which characterize sub-GHz spectrum usage in India. In this paper, we make two main contributions. First, we present results of several day-long spectrum measurements in the sub-GHz band made at different urban and rural locations in the National Capital Region (i.e. near New Delhi) of India. Second, we have developed an inexpensive spectrum measurement setup based on a commercially available hand-held spectrum analyzer called RF Explorer. Our main findings are that about 85% of the TV band in the 470-698 MHz range are not used in the heart of urban Delhi, and as much as 95% are unused in rural areas. At any point in time, the largest contiguous TV white space varies between 66 MHz to 136 MHz in an urban location, and between 51 MHz and 242 MHz in a rural location. This suggests the need for development of very wideband, and low-cost wireless solutions which can exploit these valuable white spaces to provide affordable rural connectivity.
An Upper Bound on the Capacity Loss Due to Imprecise Channel State Information for General Memoryless Fading Channels

A remarkably simple upper bound on the capacity loss due to imprecise channel state information (CSI) is presented for single-input single-output (SISO) general memoryless fading channels, (Capacity Loss) ≤ log(1+var(h - ĥ)SNR) where var(h - ĥ) represents the variance of channel estimation error, i.e. CSI inaccuracy. The bound extends earlier work on Rayleigh channels to general memoryless channels and confirms that the effect of CSI inaccuracies on the communication capacity is secondary to the receiver noise when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is smaller than the reciprocal of the channel estimation error variance, SNR <; 1/var(h - ĥ). An extension to the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) case is also provided.
Challenges for Supporting Faceted Search in Large, Heterogeneous Corpora like the Web

Faceted search systems help people find what they are looking by allowing them to specify not just keywords related to their information need, but also metadata. While such systems hold great potential and have been successfully used in vertical domains, there are many challenges in extending them to large, heterogeneous collections like the Web, corporate intranets, or federated search engines that access many different data silos. In this position paper we discuss the challenges in greater detail. Those that we have identified stem from the fact that such datasets are 1) very large, making it difficult to assign quality meta-data to every document and to retrieve the full set of results and associated metadata at query time, and 2) heterogeneous, making it difficult to apply the same metadata to every result or every query.
Triangle mesh compression for fast rendering

Modern GIS (geographic information system) application programs and simulation systems have to handle large datasets for rendering. Currently, three dimensional rendering hardware are facing a memory bus bandwidth bottleneck problem at the graphics pipeline. One general solution for this problem is to compress the static three dimensional geometry in a preprocessing phase. We present a new mesh compression/decompression algorithm for this application. Our compression algorithm breaks down a triangle mesh into a set of triangle strips and vertex chains. After decomposition, we encode vertex connectivity with entropy encoding. Our algorithm provides a 32% improvement in the compression ratio over existing "Generalized Triangle Mesh (GTM)" compression and supports parallel decompression. We also proposed a parallelogram prediction method for vertex coordinate compression.
Sticky words? Towards a theory of rhetorical path dependency

ABSTRACT Speech matters. Political actors are defined by what they say as much as by what they do but, with each rhetorical choice, they also narrow the range of rhetorical options open to them for the future. This paper examines the idea of path dependency, a well-established concept in the field of policy studies, and applies it to the study of political rhetoric. It argues that words are sticky, leaving political leaders caught between the desire to utilise fresh and engaging rhetoric to explain new policy choices and the reality that they cannot shake off the wording of their previous promises. In advancing a theory of rhetorical path dependency, the paper builds on the insights of both discursive institutionalism and rhetorical political analysis to suggest that whilst ideas are indeed vital to the shaping of institutions, the arguments that give those ideas shape can themselves be constrained by earlier choices.
Sex Chromosome Mosaicism and Hybrid Speciation among Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies

Hybrid speciation, or the formation of a daughter species due to interbreeding between two parental species, is a potentially important means of diversification, because it generates new forms from existing variation. However, factors responsible for the origin and maintenance of hybrid species are largely unknown. Here we show that the North American butterfly Papilio appalachiensis is a hybrid species, with genomic admixture from Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Papilio appalachiensis has a mosaic phenotype, which is hypothesized to be the result of combining sex-linked traits from P. glaucus and P. canadensis. We show that P. appalachiensis' Z-linked genes associated with a cooler thermal habitat were inherited from P. canadensis, whereas its W-linked mimicry and mitochondrial DNA were inherited from P. glaucus. Furthermore, genome-wide AFLP markers showed nearly equal contributions from each parental species in the origin of P. appalachiensis, indicating that it formed from a burst of hybridization between the parental species, with little subsequent backcrossing. However, analyses of genetic differentiation, clustering, and polymorphism based on molecular data also showed that P. appalachiensis is genetically distinct from both parental species. Population genetic simulations revealed P. appalachiensis to be much younger than the parental species, with unidirectional gene flow from P. glaucus and P. canadensis into P. appalachiensis. Finally, phylogenetic analyses, combined with ancestral state reconstruction, showed that the two traits that define P. appalachiensis' mosaic phenotype, obligatory pupal diapause and mimicry, evolved uniquely in P. canadensis and P. glaucus, respectively, and were then recombined through hybridization to form P. appalachiensis. These results suggest that natural selection and sex-linked traits may have played an important role in the origin and maintenance of P. appalachiensis as a hybrid species. In particular, ecological barriers associated with a steep thermal cline appear to maintain the distinct, mosaic genome of P. appalachiensis despite contact and occasional hybridization with both parental species.
Design and Implementation of a Hyperthermia Treatment Planning System

In this paper we discuss some design and implementation issues of a new software system for regional hyperthermia treatment planning. The system assists all phases of the planning process with state-of-the-art numerics, visualization and interaction techniques. Its design allows it to be used as an experimental environment in various sci-entiic disciplines involved in hyperthermia research as well as to be employed in clinical practice.
Assessing the Impact of Mentoring Underserved Youth through Service Learning

Mentoring underserved youth through service learning can provide various positive impacts for both mentors and mentees (Banks, 2010; Hughes et al., 2012; Rhodes, Grossman & Resch, 2000; Thompson & Kelly-Vance, 2001; Washburn-Moses, Fry & Sanders, 2014; Weiler et al., 2013). This qualitative interview study assessed the perceived impact that a mentoring program had on mentees, who were underserved youth at an elementary school in a low-income community, and mentors, who were college students participating through a service learning course. The findings revealed overall positive outcomes for both the mentors and mentees. The mentees benefited academically and looked up to their mentor as a role model, while the mentors felt they benefited personally, civically and academically, and they also felt as though they made a difference in their mentees’ life. These findings informed various recommendations, including the expansion of the program, more variations in activities, as well as adding homework help to the mentor training and reflection for the mentors. With these findings, more programs forming relationships with college students and underserved youth should be established in order to allow more individuals to become active and productive members of society.
Traps and Pitfalls: Practical Problems in System Call Interposition Based Security Tools

System call interposition is a powerful method for regulating and monitoring application behavior. In recent years, a wide variety of security tools have been developed that use this technique. This approach brings with it a host of pitfalls for the unwary implementer that if overlooked can allow his tool to be easily circumvented. To shed light on these problems, we present the lessons we learned in the course of several design and implementation cycles with our own system call interposition-based sandboxing tool. We first present some of the problems and pitfalls we encountered, including incorrectly replicating OS semantics, overlooking indirect paths to resources, race conditions, incorrectly subsetting a complex interface, and side effects of denying system calls. We then present some practical solutions to these problems, and provide general principles for avoiding the difficulties we encountered.
Computer simulation of the infrared and Raman activity of pyrope garnet, and assignment of calculated modes to specific atomic motions

Abstract The lattice dynamics computer code PARAPOCS was successfully used to calculate the 240 vibrational frequencies of pyrope garnet, Mg3Al2Si3O12, at ambient conditions. The atomic displacement vectors (eigenvectors) for each frequency were also calculated and their symmetry relations analyzed with the aid of factor group analysis (FGA), to determine the symmetry species of each vibrational mode. Comparison with the experimental IR and Raman data shows excellent agreement, but no LO-TO reversals were identified. Calculation of the frequency shifts due to the isotopic substitution of 26Mg and 30Si, together with a more detailed analysis of the calculated eigenvectors, enabled identification of the dominant site or cation motion contributing to each vibrational mode. Previous assignments of the high-frequency vibrations to pure SiO4 internal modes and the lower-frequency vibrations to mixed cation modes are supported. We conclude that the specific number of site/atom motions predicted by site group analysis (SGA) is not adhered to due to substantial mode mixing, and that FGA and SGA, in which the SiO4 tetrahedra are treated as isolated units, are only applicable at high frequencies. The agreement observed between the calculated and experimental data leads us to conclude that the method of computer modeling used and the interatomic potentials employed in the simulations provide a good description of the lattice dynamical behavior of pyrope garnet.
Biplots in Reduced-Rank Regression

Regression problems with a number of related response variables are typically analyzed by separate multiple regressions. This paper shows how these regressions can be visualized jointly in a biplot based on reduced-rank regression. Reduced-rank regression combines multiple regression and principal components analysis and can therefore be carried out with standard statistical packages. The proposed biplot highlights the major aspects of the regressions by displaying the least-squares approximation of fitted values, regression coefficients and associated t-ratios. The utility and interpretation of the reduced-rank regression biplot is demonstrated with an example using public health data that were previously analyzed by separate multiple regressions.
Semi-Autonomous Avatars: A New Direction for Expressive User Embodiment

Computer animated characters are rapidly becoming a regular part of our lives. They are starting to take the place of actors in films and television and are now an integral part of most computer games. Perhaps most interestingly in on-line games and chat rooms they are representing the user visually in the form of avatars, becoming our on-line identities, our embodiments in a virtual world. Currently online environments such as “Second Life” are being taken up by people who would not traditionally have considered playing games before, largely due to a greater emphasis on social interaction. These environments require avatars that are more expressive and that can make on-line social interactions seem more like face-to-face conversations. Computer animated characters come in many different forms. Film characters require a substantial amount of off-line animator effort to achieve high levels of quality; these techniques are not suitable for real time applications and are not the focus of this chapter. Non-player characters (typically the bad guys) in games use limited artificial intelligence to react autonomously to events in real time. However avatars are completely controlled by their users, reacting to events solely through user commands. This chapter will discuss the distinction between fully autonomous characters and completely controlled avatars and how the current differentiation may no longer be useful, given that avatar technology may need to include more autonomy to live up to the demands of mass appeal. We will firstly discuss the two categories and present reasons to combine them. We will then describe previous work in this area and finally present our own framework for semi-autonomous avatars.
Internet-Based Intervention to Promote Mental Fitness in Mildly Depressed Adults: Design of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Investing in mental well-being is considered a supplement to current mental health service delivery in which the treatment and prevention of mental disorders are core components. It may be possible for people to enhance their well-being by boosting their “mental fitness. ” Objective Psyfit, an online, multi-component, fully automated self-help intervention, was developed with the aim of improving well-being and reducing depressive symptoms. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of this intervention will be examined in a randomized controlled trial. Methods In this two-armed randomized controlled trial, a total of 290 participants will be assigned to use Psyfit (experimental condition) or to a 6-month waiting list (control condition). Adults with mild to moderate depressive symptoms interested in improving their mental fitness will be recruited from the general population through advertisements on the Internet and in newspapers. Online measurements by self-assessment will be made prior to randomization (pre-test), 2 months after baseline (post-test), and 6 months after baseline (follow-up). Results The primary outcome is well-being. Secondary outcomes are depressive symptoms, general health, vitality, and economic costs. Analysis will be conducted in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Conclusions This study will examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an online intervention that aims to promote well-being in people with elevated levels of depressive symptoms. If shown to be effective, the intervention could prove to be an affordable and widely accessible intervention to improve well-being in the general population. Trial Registration The study is registered with the Netherlands Trial Register, part of the Dutch Cochrane Centre (NTR2126).
WMS-extracting multiple sections data records from search engine results pages

In this paper, we develop an automatic wrapper for the extraction of multiple sections data records from search engine results pages. In the Information Extraction world, less attention has been focused on the development of wrappers for the extraction of multiple sections data records. This is evidenced by the fact that there is only one automatic wrapper, MSE developed for this purpose. Using the separation distance of data records and sections, MSE is able to distinguish sections and data records and extract them from search engine results pages. In this study, our approach is the use of DOM tree properties to develop an adaptive search method which is able to detect, differentiate, and partition sections and data records. The multiple sections data records labeled are used to pass through a few filtering stages, each filter is designed to filter out a particular group of irrelevant data until one data region containing the relevant records is found. Our filtering rules are designed based on visual cue such as text and image size obtained from the browser rendering engine. Experimental results show that our wrapper is able to obtain better results than the currently available MSE wrapper.
Change in binding potential as a quantitative index of neurotransmitter release is highly sensitive to relative timing and kinetics of the tracer and the endogenous ligand.

UNLABELLED Change in binding potential (deltaBP) is often used to indicate alterations in neurotransmitter concentration in response to stimuli. Increasingly, it is being used in bolus studies as a quantitative index of dopamine (DA) release. In bolus studies, however, BP is an average quantity over time that is influenced by the dynamics of both the tracer and the neurotransmitter. We sought to characterize the sensitivity of deltaBP to changes in endogenous DA concentration and to elucidate possible biases in deltaBP with respect to timing of task-induced or drug-induced increases in DA. METHODS Noiseless simulations of (11)C-raclopride PET curves were performed in a specific binding region with concomitant increases in endogenous DA. DA changes were modeled as delta-functions, gamma-variates, or as realistic drug-induced increases in DA over time, based on published results. Graphical estimation of BP with a reference region as the input function was used, with a multilinear formulation of the operational equation. RESULTS Simulations demonstrated that deltaBP (a). is linear over a narrow range of integrated DA release, (b). has an inherent sensitivity to timing of DA perturbations, and (c). could incorrectly infer the relative amounts of DA released between subject populations or experimental conditions. These results are explained by what we term the effective weighted availability, which describes the interaction of a DA function and free raclopride concentration over time and follows directly from earlier work. CONCLUSION We illustrate how, under quite plausible circumstances, deltaBP may lead to erroneous conclusions about relative amounts of DA released after dopaminergic perturbations. Our findings caution against using deltaBP as a quantitative or rank index of DA release when comparing different dopaminergic stimuli.
Simulating Colliding Flows in SPH with Fractional Derivatives

We propose a new method based on the use of fractional differentiation for improving the efficiency and realism of simulations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). SPH represents a popular particle-based approach for fluid simulation and a high number of particles is typically needed for achieving high quality results. However, as the number of simulated particles increases, the speed of computation degrades accordingly. The proposed method employs fractional differentiation to improve the results obtained with SPH in a given resolution. The approach is based on the observation that effects requiring a high number of particles are most often produced from colliding flows, and therefore when the modeling of this behavior is improved higher-quality results can be achieved without changing the number of particles being simulated. Our method can be employed to reduce the resolution without significant loss of quality, or to improve the quality of the simulation in the current chosen resolution. The advantages of our method are demonstrated with several quantitative evaluations.