Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Development Corporations as Vehicles of Community Economic Development: The Case of Rural Manitoba

Researchers and practitioners routinely discuss the impact of urbanization, globalization, fiscal retrenchment, and service devolution on rural livelihoods. These wide-scale transformations have prompted the search for alternative modes and mechanisms of community development. Over the past decade, interest in community economic development (CED) has grown significantly in various parts of rural Canada. CED constitutes a comprehensive, integrated approach to economic and social revitalization that calls upon local residents, leaders, and organizations to assume more active roles in all aspects of the development process. In Manitoba, government and community representatives view community development corporations (CDCs) as important vehicles of CED, particularly through the enhancement of community capacity. The present paper examines the degree of interconnectedness between core aspects of the CED framework and the emergent role(s) of CDCs. This goal is addressed through the discussion of relevant literature and questionnaire data gathered from representatives of 55 rural Manitoba CDCs. The results of the study indicate that CDC mandates and activities reflect CED principles such as multi-sectoral initiatives, community involvement, strategic planning, and inter-organizational partnerships. And, although there is growing recognition of the social development agenda. CDC functions are heavily focused on business and economic development. The CDC model offers important opportunities to integrate economic renewal with other types of community capacity building: leadership development, collective action, and inter-organizational relations.
Flow Shop Scheduling with Partial Resource Flexibility

Resource flexibility refers to the ability to dynamically reallocate units of resource from one stage of a production process to another in response to shifting bottlenecks. Recent research has demonstrated that substantial improvements in operational performance can be realized in both serial- and parallel-machine production environments through the effective utilization of resource flexibility. In these contexts the resource was assumed to exhibit complete flexibility. This research explores the extent to which the operational benefits associated with resource flexibility can be achieved in a flow shop environment using a partially flexible resource. Focusing on labor flexibility, we propose corresponding metrics for partial flexibility and formulate a model for flow shop scheduling with partial resource flexibility. On the basis of computational experiments, we explore properties pertaining to the relative amounts as well as the allocation of partial resource flexibility as it is distributed across the workforce. The conclusions drawn from this research provide significant insight into the management of flow shops with a workforce that is crosstrained to achieve partial flexibility. Moreover, we extend the principles developed by Jordan and Graves (1995) for partially flexible manufacturing plants to the flow shop scheduling environment, and we link these principles in a novel way to recent research on self-buffering flow lines.
Investigation of the torsion and bending effects on static stability of electrostatic torsional micromirrors

In this paper the electromechanical behavior of a torsional micromirror was investigated using of a static model with considering torsion and bending characteristics of micro-beams. A set of nonlinear equations based on the parallel plate capacitor model was derived to represent the relationships between the applied voltage, torsion angle, and vertical displacement of the torsional micromirror. Step by step linearization method (Newton’s method) was used to calculate the rotation angle and vertical displacement of the micromirror due to the applied voltage. This method is fast and gave acceptable and accurate results which were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Overview of research management and administration

Taylor and Francis PSP_A_380705. gm 10.1080/1 6 3100902805359 Perspectives 360-3108 (pri t)/1460-7018 (online) Original Article 2 09 & Francis 0 002009 IanCa ter . Cart r@sussex.ac. uk Introduction The practice of research management and administration (RMA) in higher education and elsewhere has developed considerably over the last ten to fifteen years to become an activity that encompasses significant elements of institutional strategy, policy, governance, profile, finance, people management, postgraduate research, assessment, systems, and so on. What used to be a strand of generalist administration is a now a profession with numbers of areas of specialism, and with a large number of people of different types involved either fully or to some extent. The development of RMA has been caused by two main drivers: the growth in the importance of research and related activities in a university’s portfolio, and the increased levels of legislation, regulation, oversight and exhortation that are associated with the area. In concert with this expansion, there has been the growth of professional associations supporting those working in RMA (see http://www.inorms.org/ members.html for a list of some such associations). They are in different stages of development, from those in the USA having been established longest (over forty years), to the West African association formed in 2007–08, and other country or regional associations being actively considered. The Association of Research Managers and Administrators (ARMA) is the UK’s actor in this role, with its predecessor having been formed in 1991. ARMA has seen significant growth in membership and interest, particularly in the light of UK-wide exercises such as the Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) and the introduction of Full Economic Costing (FEC), and now has over 1,100 members.
Asynchronous P300-Based Brain--Computer Interfaces: A Computational Approach With Statistical Models

Asynchronous control is an important issue for brain--computer interfaces (BCIs) working in real-life settings, where the machine should determine from brain signals not only the desired command but also when the user wants to input it. In this paper, we propose a novel computational approach for robust asynchronous control using electroencephalogram (EEG) and a P300-based oddball paradigm. In this approach, we first address the mathematical modeling of target P300, nontarget P300, and noncontrol signals, by using Gaussian distribution models in a support vector margin space. Furthermore, we derive a method to compute the likelihood of control state in a time window of EEG. Finally, we devise a recursive algorithm to detect control states in ongoing EEG for online application. We conducted experiments with four subjects to study both the asynchronous BCI's receiver operating characteristics and its performance in actual online tests. The results show that the BCI is able to achieve an averaged information transfer rate of approximately 20 b/min at a low false positive rate (one event per minute).
Changing export status and firm performance: evidence from UK small firms

The export premium is measured for a sample of 1940 small-sized UK manufacturing firms over the period 1994–2000 by evaluating the performance of entrants versus exiters in the foreign markets. It is found that new exporters witnessed a substantial increase in their employment, wages, sales and productivity growth rates compared to non-exporters. On average the estimated export premium coefficient varied from 5% in productivity to 1% in wages. Companies that interrupt the exporting activity suffered significant losses in employment, employees’ wages, director's wages, sales and productivity. The negative estimated impact on the growth rates vary from −7% for director's wage to −3% in employment and productivity.
Differential role of Rab proteins in ciliary trafficking: Rab23 regulates Smoothened levels

The structure and function of the primary cilium as a sensory organelle depends on a motor-protein-powered intraflagellar transport system (IFT); defective IFT results in retinal degeneration and pleiotropic disorders such as the Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) and defective hedgehog (HH) signaling. Protein transport to the cilium involves Rab GTPases. Rab8, together with a multi protein complex of BBS proteins, recruits cargo to the basal body for transport to the cilium. Loss of Rab23 in mice recapitulates the HH phenotype but its function in HH signaling is unknown. Here we established a novel protocol, based on fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching (FRAP), allowing the quantitative analysis of protein transport into the cilium of MDCK cells. We compared the effect of Rab8, Rab5 and Rab23 on the ciliary transport of the HH-associated transmembrane receptor Smoothened, the microtubular tip protein EB1, and the receptor protein Kim1. Ciliary FRAP confirmed the role of Rab8 in protein entry to the cilium. Dominant negative Rab5 had no impact on the ciliary transport of Smoothened or EB1, but slowed the recovery of the apical protein Kim1 in the cilium. Depletion of Rab23 or expression of dominant-negative Rab23 decreased the ciliary steady state specifically of Smoothened but not EB1 or Kim1, suggesting a role of Rab23 in protein turnover in the cilium.
Labor Shares in a Model of Induced Innovation

The relative stability of aggregate labor share constitutes one of the great macroeconomic ratios. However, relative stability at the aggregate level masks the unbalanced nature of sectoral labor shares. We present a two-sector (manufacturing and services) model with induced innovation that can rationalize these phenomena as well as several other empirical regularities of actual economies. Specifically, along the transition path (i) manufacturing becomes increasingly capital-intensive over time while (ii) there is an increase in the relative price and production share of services and (iii) aggregate labor share converges from above to a non-zero value. At the sectoral level (iv) labor share in manufacturing trends toward zero. Notably, (v) the model may transition to either a neoclassical steady-state or long-run endogenous growth, so it has the potential to account for a wide range of growth experiences.
Theory and Research on Bullying and Racism from an Aboriginal Australian Perspective.

This paper offers a brief review of research on the impact of bullying and racism on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples within Australia. The overarching emphasis was on the variety of physical, social, mental, and educational outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and youth, whilst also critiquing the prevailing literature with regard to its inclusion and sensitivity towards the importance of culture and connected values. Within the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research setting, although a strong base of research on the impact of racism has emerged, research on the impact of bullying is more recent. In addition, while there may be considerable overlap as to the individual impact of bullying and racism, racism research has identified a wider cultural/identity-threat that bullying research (with a few exceptions) has largely ignored. As a result, there is a need to be sensitive to cultural differences with regard to both the types and effects of racism and bullying, and that efforts to understand and to lessen the prevalence of racism and bullying should be framed within the development of a culturally sensitive and secure framework (Coffin, 2008).
Loss of Src Homology Region 2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1 Increases CD8+ T Cell-APC Conjugate Formation and Is Associated with Enhanced In Vivo CTL Function1

Extensive evidence has been accumulated to implicate the intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase, Src homology region 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), as a negative regulator of TCR-signaling thresholds. Specifically, T cells from the SHP-1-deficient mouse, motheaten, exhibit a hyperproliferative phenotype when activated by cognate peptide-pulsed APCs. However, the cellular basis for this phenotype has not been fully explained. Using the intracellular fluorescent dye, CFSE, we show that a greater proportion of motheaten vs control naive CD8+ T cells undergo cell division when activated by peptide-pulsed APCs. Furthermore, there is a greater likelihood of TCRs on SHP-1-deficient vs control T cells binding to peptide/MHC ligands on APCs when using TCR down-regulation as an indirect measure of TCR engagement. In addition, T cell-APC conjugate assays provide direct evidence that a greater proportion of SHP-1-deficient T cells are capable of forming stable conjugates with APCs and this may explain, at least in part, their hyperproliferative response to TCR-triggered stimulation. The physiological relevance of the combined in vitro observations is demonstrated by the significantly enhanced in vivo expansion and CTL capacity generated in mice receiving adoptively transferred SHP-1-deficient naive CD8+ T cells when compared with control T cells.
Lead-Lag Relationship in Spot and Future Market: Evidence from Pakistani Stock Market KSE-100 Index

This paper has investigated the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) through the concept of lead-lag relationship of the future market prices and spot market prices in the context of Pakistani stock market. The study has used data of randomly selected one hundred and forty firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange from January 1995 to March 2012. Spot and future indices were developed from the closing prices through the Price-Weighted index method. First stationarity of the data was checked through Augmented-Dicky Fuller test; then GARCH (1,1) model was estimated for both the spot and future index returns in order to investigate the volatility in either of the index. The results of GARCH (1, 1) suggest that the impact of the previous day volatility in both the spot and future index has impact on the current day volatility. The future market price volatility has more prominent role to explain the spot market prices as compared to that of the explanatory power of the future market prices based on the spot market prices. Therefore, it is concluded based on the GARCH (1,1) there exists lead-lag relationship between the future and spot index where future market leads the spot market. Granger casualty test has been used to triangulate the results of GARCH (1,1) model. The results showed that future market Granger causes the spot market while the spot market does not Granger causes the future market. Thus, it can be concluded that it is the future market prices that lead the spot market prices and thus there exist a Lead-Lag relationship between the future and spot market prices in Karachi Stock Exchange and one can predict changes in spot market price based on the changes in the future market price. Moreover, these empirical results support the view that it’s the future market where information is created about the security prices and then it disseminates to the spot market.
Semi-Automatic Security Testing of Web Applications with Fault Models and Properties

Web applications are complex and face complex attacks, as well. Thus, security vulnerabilities are hard to find. To tackle this complexity we analyze abstract models of these web applications. We generate test cases by (semi-) automatically injecting faults into the models and utilize systematic verification techniques to generate abstract test cases. To test real implementations, we operationalize them with the help of web browsers and penetration testing techniques. Our evaluation shows that non-trivial multi-step XSS and SQL attacks can effectively be found.
Identification of structural duration dependence and unobserved heterogeneity with time-varying

Known results on the identi.cation of structural duration dependence in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity depend crucially on the proportional hazards assumption. Here, I show that variation in covariates over time, combined with variation across observations, is su¢cient to ensure identi.cation without the proportional hazards assumption. The required variation over time is minimal. JEL Classi.cation: C41. ¤Thanks to John K. Dagsvik and Kåre Bævre for valuable comments that have substantially improved the paper. yP.O. Box 1095 Blindern, N 0317 Oslo, Norway, telephone: (47) 22 85 51 59, fax: (47) 22 85 50 35, E-mail: c.n. brinch@econ.uio. no. 1
Controlled English for knowledge representation

Knowledge representation is a long-standing research area of computer science that aims at representing human knowledge in a form that computers can interpret. Most knowledge representation approaches, however, have suffered from poor user interfaces. It turns out to be difficult for users to learn and use the logic-based languages in which the knowledge has to be encoded. A new approach to design more intuitive but still reliable user interfaces for knowledge representation systems is the use of controlled natural language (CNL). CNLs are subsets of natural languages that are restricted in a way that allows their automatic translation into formal logic. A number of CNLs have been developed but the resulting tools are mostly just prototypes so far. Furthermore, nobody has yet been able to provide strong evidence that CNLs are indeed easier to understand than other logic-based languages. The goal of this thesis is to give the research area of CNLs for knowledge representation a shift in perspective: from the present explorative and proof-of-concept-based approaches to a more engineering-focussed point of view. For this reason, I introduce theoretical and practical building blocks for the design and application of controlled English for the purpose of knowledge representation. I first show how CNLs can be defined in an adequate and simple way by the introduction of a novel grammar notation and I describe efficient algorithms to process such grammars. I then demonstrate how these theoretical concepts can be implemented and how CNLs can be embedded in knowledge representation tools so that they provide intuitive and powerful user interfaces that are accessible even to untrained users. Finally, I discuss how the understandability of CNLs can be evaluated. I argue that the understandability of CNLs cannot be assessed reliably with existing approaches, and for this reason I introduce a novel testing framework. Experiments based on this framework show that CNLs are not only easier to understand than comparable languages but also need less time to be learned and are preferred by users.
Numerical modeling and dosimetry of the 35 mm Petri dish under 46 GHz millimeter wave exposure

Experimental studies on effects of millimeter wave (MMW) exposure on cells cultured in Petri dishes have attracted interest in recent decades. To improve the quantification of the biological responses toward the MMW energy, an accurate and precise MMW dosimetry is to be provided. By using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, the numerical dosimetry is performed for a typical 35 mm Petri dish under 46 GHz continuous MMW exposure from an irradiator of a specified power pattern. With the aim of building a precise model, the meniscus at the interface between the culture solution and the Petri dish sidewall is taken into account, followed by the modeling of smooth edges of the Petri dish. The trilinear interpolation is introduced to assist the FDTD method to obtain a more precise dosimetric assessment. The specific absorption rate (SAR) distributions in the cornea cells covered by culture solution in the Petri dish are calculated and compared to display the effects of using Petri dish models of various precision and the trilinear interpolation on dosimetry results. In addition, the SAR distribution in the cells is analyzed to study its homogeneity. The results indicate that the precise Petri dish model and the application of the trilinear interpolation are helpful in improving the precision of numerical dosimetry. It is also revealed that the inhomogeneity of the SAR distribution is well beyond neglect, which deserves cautious consideration in experiments investigating MMW effects on cells invitro. Bioelectromagnetics 26:481–488, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anonymity Profiles for DHCP Clients

Some DHCP options carry unique identifiers. These identifiers can enable device tracking even if the device administrator takes care of randomizing other potential identifications like link-layer addresses or IPv6 addresses. The anonymity profiles are designed for clients that wish to remain anonymous to the visited network. The profiles provide guidelines on the composition of DHCP or DHCPv6 messages, designed to minimize disclosure of identifying information.
Knowledge Sourcing and Innovation in “Thick” and “Thin” Regional Innovation Systems—Comparing ICT Firms in Two Austrian Regions

In knowledge-based sectors such as ICT innovation is seen to be as a key factor for the competitiveness of firms. Nowadays, the innovation process is regarded to be highly interactive, so companies tend to rely on both internal and external knowledge. There are arguments that the character of knowledge and innovation links depends to a large extent on the density and the institutional setting of the respective regional innovation system (RIS). We investigate, therefore, whether firms in a metropolitan and non-metropolitan RIS exhibit different ways and patterns to source knowledge relevant for innovation. We expect that ICT companies in a metropolitan RIS such as Vienna rely to a much higher extent on local knowledge sources in particular from universities and research organizations. For firms in a non-metropolitan RIS, such as Salzburg, we expect a higher reliance on distant knowledge links with a variety of partners. At the beginning, we provide a conceptual frame, by introducing the concept of knowledge bases and a typology of knowledge links applying these to the innovation process in the ICT sector. Then we present some empirical evidence for ICT companies in the regions of Vienna, representing a metropolitan RIS with a high density of knowledge organizations and firms, and Salzburg standing for a non-metropolitan RIS with a lower size and density of such organizations. We analyse the types of knowledge sources, the channels of knowledge exchange and the spatial level of these interactions. In the final section, we will draw some policy conclusions.