Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positional Physical Characteristics of Players Drafted Into the National Football League

Robbins, DW. Positional physical characteristics of players drafted into the national football league. J Strength Cond Res 25(10): 2661–2667, 2011—To investigate the positional physical requirements necessary to be drafted into the National Football League (NFL), data from the annual NFL combine over the years 2005–2009 were examined. Only those players invited to the combine and subsequently drafted in the same year (n = 1,136) were included in the study. Data from 8 combine physical performance tests were examined for 15 positions. Combine measures evaluated for the center, cornerback, defensive end, defensive tackle, free safety, fullback, inside linebacker, offensive guard, offensive tackle, outside linebacker, quarterback, running back, strong safety, tight end, and wide receiver positions were the 9.1-, 18.3-, and 36.6-m sprints, the vertical and broad jumps, the 18.3-m shuttle run, the 3-cone drill, and the 102.1-kg bench press for maximum repetitions and, from this, a predicted measure of 1 repetition maximum. A 1-way analysis of variance detected differences in all 9 performance measures (p < 0.01). Post hoc independent t-tests indicated that over most tests many positions exhibited outcomes significantly different from most other positions. Generally, lineman positions performed inferiorly in sprint, jump and change-of-direction ability measures and superiorly in the upper body strength measures. Conversely, defensive back positions were the worst performers in the upper body strength test, and wide receivers and defensive backs were the best performers in all other measures. In general, offensive and defensive positions that commonly compete directly against one another display similar physical characteristics. Any advantages (statistically significant and not) between positions in direct competition were consistently in favor of defensive positions. The results of the present research present position-specific profiles for each of 15 positions. Coaches and practitioners will be able to use the findings of this research to better prepare athletes for entry into the NFL.
What is the best time point to identify patients at risk of developing persistent low back pain?

BACKGROUND Early identification of patients at risk of developing persistent low back pain (LBP) is crucial. OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to identify in patients with a new episode of LBP the time point at which those at risk of developing persistent LBP can be best identified. METHODS Prospective cohort study of 315 patients presenting to a health practitioner with a first episode of acute LBP. Primary outcome measure was functional limitation. Patients were assessed at baseline, three, six, twelve weeks and six months looking at factors of maladaptive cognition as potential predictors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for all time points. RESULTS The best time point to predict the development of persistent LBP at six months was the twelve-week follow-up (sensitivity 78%; overall predictive value 90%). Cognitions assessed at first visit to a health practitioner were not predictive. CONCLUSIONS Maladaptive cognitions at twelve weeks appear to be suitable predictors for a transition from acute to persistent LBP. Already three weeks after patients present to a health practitioner with acute LBP cognitions might influence the development of persistent LBP. Therefore, cognitive-behavioral interventions should be considered as early adjuvant LBP treatment in patients at risk of developing persistent LBP.
Obstetric intra‐operative cell salvage and maternal fetal red cell contamination

The significance of fetal red blood cell (RBC) contamination in obstetric intra‐operative cell salvage is not fully known. It is unclear if we re‐infuse a larger volume of fetal RBCs into the maternal circulation than the amount that occurs secondary to transplacental haemorrhages is unclear. We also do not know if there is a critical volume required to cause alloimmunisation or if larger volumes increase the risk.
On applying neural tuner to PI-controller parameters calculation for heating furnaces control

A problem of automatic on-line PI-controller parameters tuning for heating plants control is considered. Such adjustment is proposed to be made with the help of neural tuner including two neural networks. Each of them is responsible for KP, KI values calculation for furnace heating and cooling processes respectively. The structure of the proposed tuner is shown. Two muffle furnaces functioning in different modes are used as plants. The results of experiments make it possible to conclude that proposed neural tuner helps to achieve at least 3% and 5% decrease of time amount and energy consumption respectively in comparison with a conventional PI-controller.
Identification and characterization of "Black Swans" in technological events in Brazil

“Black swan” events represent a critical issue in risk analysis. Events with extremely low probability of occurrence are in general discarded from the risk analysis process. This paper aims to identify and characterize four accidents that occurred in Brazil into the following classes: “not a black swan”, “black swan: unknown-unknown”, “black swan: unknown-known” and “black Swan: not believed to occur”, by obtaining from experts the distribution of belief for the real probability of each class. Results showed that, throughout all cases analyzed, the class “black swan: unknown-unknown” was never reported, which means that none of the cases studied were a complete surprise to anyone. The method used was able to assign all accident events to the remaining classes. Probability distribution elicited from experts showed large disagreement among them, and the expected value was considered low. Nevertheless, the elicited distributions can be utilized in future risk analysis as a priori distribution in a Bayesian approach.
Management quality evaluation of sports clubs for the disabled applying the Common Assessment Framework (CAF)

DOI: 10.14254/2071789X.2019/12-1/20 ABSTRACT. The purpose of the article is to assess the quality of management of sports clubs for the disabled applying the Common Assessment Framework (CAF). The Common Assessment Framework (CAF) is a quality self-assessment tool, which allows: 1) to introduce the principles of total quality management to the public administration and to gradually get acquainted with them; 2) to encourage organisations of the public sector to carry out self-assessment for better understanding of themselves and agreeing on the activities for improvement; 3) to integrate a variety of quality management models; 4) to facilitate the comparative analysis of the activities of the public sector organisation. Based on the Common Assessment Framework (CAF), a quantitative study was carried out. This research used the method of simple random sampling, i.e. every sports club in Lithuania has an equal chance of being selected. The sample size was 45 sports clubs in Lithuania. The findings of the qualitative aspects of management of sports clubs for the disabled show the need for more efficient management of financial resources, increase in service uniqueness and adaptability in terms of investment, much greater individualization of work with the disabled, development of partnerships with other organisations when implementing joint projects, openness to ideas, pursuit for recognition, since the provided services have an impact on the quality of life of the disabled; they acquire healthy lifestyle skills, social skills, manage to be initiative and creative, are able to ensure higher quality of communication and cooperation.
Subsequent pregnancy affects nutritional status of previous child: a study from Bhutan

In a rural area of Bhutan, anthropometric measurements of 113 children and interviews with their mothers were carried out monthly for 32 months. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of a mother's subsequent pregnancy on growth in weight of her last–born child. The children whose mothers had a subsequent birth interval of 18–30 months were matched for date of birth with children whose mothers did not become pregnant. Growth of the children during the subsequent pregnancy was compared with growth during the same period of children whose mothers were not pregnant. A statistically significant reduction of 28% was found (p < 0.05), which was most pronounced in early pregnancy. A similar trend was found for change in mid–upper–arm circumference (p < 0.05). The study provides evidence of a causal relationship between a moderate subsequent pregnancy interval and a concurrent reduction in growth rate for the previous child
The antecedents and postcedents of satisfaction in business-to-business relationships in South Africa

Background: A relationship marketing approach to the management of business relationships can enhance overall customer satisfaction and reduce economic risks, such as opportunism that is associated with business dealings.Aim: The aim of this study was to establish whether a positive relationship exists between trust and commitment, whether trust has a positive influence on commitment, whether trust and commitment positively influence satisfaction and whether opportunism and conflict are outcomes of satisfaction in South African buyer–supplier relationships.Setting: Top 500 companies operating in the South African private sector.Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, data were gathered from 250 large companies in South Africa and were analysed through the application of structural equation modelling (SEM). Results: The findings indicate that both trust and commitment were perceived as important antecedents of satisfaction in a South African business-to-business environment, and that trust is a precursor to commitment in relationship building between organisational buyers and sellers in South Africa. This study adds value by assisting business-to-business buyers and sellers in South Africa on variables to consider when developing relationship-building strategies.Conclusion: Both parties to a relationship should therefore build relationships founded on trust and commitment. This will enhance their joint satisfaction, resulting in less opportunism and conflict, and will foster long-term relationship building based on mutual satisfaction. In contrast, dissatisfaction could increase opportunism and conflict between the parties, leading eventually to the termination of their business relationship.
Adaptive and maladaptive rumination after loss: A three-wave longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVES Rumination is a risk factor after bereavement, predicting higher concurrent and prospective symptom levels of complicated grief and depression in mourners. Research has shown that rumination may consist of adaptive and maladaptive subtypes, but there has been a paucity of research in this topic in the bereavement area. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether functional and dysfunctional forms of rumination can be distinguished after loss. DESIGN Two-hundred and forty-two adults, who lost a first-degree family member on average 10 months previously, filled out questionnaires at three time points with 6 months between each time point. METHODS Multiple regression analyses, controlled for loss-related variables, neuroticism, and baseline symptoms, were run to examine associations of subtypes of depressive rumination (brooding, reflection) and grief rumination (rumination about injustice, meaning, reactions, relationships and counterfactual thinking) with concurrent and prospective symptom levels of complicated grief and depression. RESULTS Overall, grief rumination explained more variance in symptom levels than depressive rumination. Other major findings were that grief rumination about injustice predicted higher concurrent and prospective symptom levels of complicated grief and higher prospective symptom levels of depression. In contrast, grief rumination about emotional reactions was related to prospective reductions in symptoms of complicated grief. Reflection was also associated with prospective reductions of complicated grief and depressive symptom levels. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that adaptive and maladaptive forms of ruminative thinking can be distinguished in bereaved individuals. Therapeutic interventions for complicated grief could potentially be improved by including techniques aimed at reducing maladaptive rumination and increasing adaptive rumination. PRACTITIONER POINTS Clinical implications: Adaptive and maladaptive components of rumination after loss can be distinguished. They are differentially associated with concurrent and prospective symptom levels of complicated grief and depression in mourners. Adaptive rumination after bereavement is characterized by repetitive, self-focused thinking aimed at understanding one's depressive and loss-related emotional reactions. Maladaptive rumination is characterized by repetitive, self-focused thinking about injustice to the self and making passive comparisons between the current situation (in which one has experienced a loss) and unrealized alternatives. Psychological interventions for complicated grief may be improved by adding therapeutic techniques aimed at reducing maladaptive rumination and increasing adaptive rumination. Cautions and limitations: This investigation relied exclusively on self-report measures. Conjugally bereaved women were overrepresented in the current sample. Complicated grief and depression levels in the current sample ranged from non-clinical to clinical. Effects may be more pronounced in a clinical sample.
Metric and Scale Effects in Consumer Preferences for Environmental Benefits

The present study investigates how the framing of information on the environmental impact of vehicles affects consumers’ preferences for identical improvements in car quality. In online choice experiments, the effects of two metrics (fuel consumption vs. CO2 emissions) and three scales of one metric (CO2 in kg/km vs. g/km vs. g/100 km) are examined. First, from a technical perspective, fuel consumption (FC) and CO2 emissions are linearly connected by a constant factor and are thus isomorphic in describing the environmental friendliness of a car. Second, rescaling identical information should not change consumer decisions. However, as this study demonstrates, the type of information presented to consumers significantly affects consumers’ valuation of environmental benefits from a reduction in FC or CO2. The study’s contribution lies in quantifying the differences in consumers’ preferences for two measures of the same information that have not been previously directly compared. Additionally, the differences in the framing effects are explored for diesel and gasoline vehicles. The estimation accounts for heterogeneity in the tastes, environmental attitudes and knowledge of the respondents. The insights of this study serve to guide policy makers and car manufacturers on how to present information on car offers. JEL classification: D12, D90, M31, Q51.
Human CD8+ intraepithelial lymphocytes: a unique model to study the regulation of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes in tissue

Summary: The epithelium of the human small intestine contains a large population of intraepithelial cytolytic αβ T‐cell receptor (TCR) CD8αβ T lymphocytes (IE‐CTLs), whose main role is to sustain epithelial integrity by rapidly eliminating infected and damaged cells. In mouse, the recognition of inducible/modified self‐molecules, i.e. non‐classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, is mediated by the TCR and natural killer receptors (NKRs) co‐expressed on the cell surface of a non‐conventional autoreactive CD8αααβTCR cell subset. In contrast, in humans, the recognition of non‐classical MHC class I molecules induced by stress and inflammation on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is principally mediated by NKRs expressed on conventional CD8αβαβTCR cells. By sensing microenvironmental signals of inflammation and stress through NKRs, IE‐CTLs fine tune their TCR activation threshold. Furthermore, IE‐CTLs under particular conditions, involving interleukin‐15 upregulation, acquire the capacity to kill distressed intestinal epithelial cells in an antigen non‐specific manner. Adaptive IE‐CTLs appear hence to have autoreactive properties and modulate their immune response based on innate signals, reflecting the fitness of the tissue.
Review article: Platelet abnormalities in diabetes mellitus

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have accelerated atherosclerosis, which is the main underlying factor contributing to the high risk of atherothrombotic events in these patients. Atherothrombotic complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with DM. Among factors contributing to the prothrombotic condition which characterise patients with DM, platelet hyperreactivity plays a pivotal role. Platelets of DM patients are characterised by dysregulation of several signalling pathways leading to intensified adhesion, activation and aggregation. Multiple mechanisms are involved in platelet dysfunction of patients with DM, which can be categorised as follows: a) hyperglycaemia, b) insulin deficiency and resistance, c) associated metabolic conditions, and d) other cellular abnormalities.The present manuscript aims to provide an overview on the current status of knowledge on platelet abnormalities that characterise patients with DM.
The erosive potential of soft drinks on enamel surface substrate: an in vitro scanning electron microscopy investigation.

AIM Using scanning electron and light microscopy, this study qualitatively evaluated the erosive potential of carbonated cola beverages as well as sports and high-energy drinks on enamel surface substrate. METHODS AND MATERIALS Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade sports drink, Red Bull high-energy drink, and tap water (control). Extracted human permanent molars free of hypocalcification and/or caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and sectioned longitudinally from the buccal to the lingual surface. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin, leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. Following finishing and polishing of all surfaces, one side was covered with red nail varnish while the remaining side was exposed to individual beverage immersion for 14 days, 24 hours per day, at 37 degrees C. The specimens were evaluated for enamel surface changes using scanning electron and light microscopy. RESULTS Enamel specimens exhibited visual surface changes following immersion in the test beverages with Red Bull and Gatorade revealing the most striking surface morphological changes. Specimens subjected to Coca Cola Classic and Diet Coke immersion also displayed irregular post-treatment surface morphology. CONCLUSIONS As verified by microscopic evaluation, all test beverages displayed enamel dissolution in the following order: Red Bull>Gatorade>Coca-Cola Classic>Diet Coke.
The shape of things to come in speech production: Visual form interference during lexical access

Naming a picture is slower in categorically related compared with unrelated contexts, an effect termed semantic interference. This effect has informed the development of all contemporary models of lexical access in speech production. However, category members typically share visual features, so semantic interference might in part reflect this confound. Surprisingly, little work has addressed this issue, and the relative absence of evidence for visual form interference has been proposed to be problematic for production models implementing competitive lexical selection mechanisms. In a series of five experiments using two different naming paradigms, we demonstrate a reliable visual form interference effect in the absence of a category relation and show the effect is more likely to originate during lexical or later response selection than during perceptual/conceptual processing. We conclude visual form interference in naming is a significant complicating factor for studies of semantic interference effects and discuss the implications for current accounts of lexical access in spoken word production.
Multiplier policies for digital signal processing

The successful design of digital signal processing (DSP) systems and subsystems is often predicated on realizing fast multiplication in digital hardware. This tutorial provides the reader with a broad perspective of this important field and the pedagogy needed to understand the basic principles of digital multiplication. Both conventional and nonconventional methods of implementing multiplication, representing a mix of speed/complexity tradeoffs, are presented. Some are based on traditional shift-add structures, whereas others strive for greater mathematical sophistication. Topics include stand-alone fixed-point multipliers, cellular arrays, memory intensive policies, homomorphic systems, and modular arithmetic. <<ETX>>
Results from a pivotal, open-label, phase II study of romidepsin in relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma after prior systemic therapy.

PURPOSE Romidepsin is a structurally unique, potent class 1 selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. The primary objective of this international, pivotal, single-arm, phase II trial was to confirm the efficacy of romidepsin in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients who were refractory to at least one prior systemic therapy or for whom at least one prior systemic therapy failed received romidepsin at 14 mg/m(2) as a 4-hour intravenous infusion on days 1, 8, and 15 every 28 days. The primary end point was the rate of complete response/unconfirmed complete response (CR/CRu) as assessed by an independent review committee. RESULTS Of the 131 patients enrolled, 130 had histologically confirmed PTCL by central review. The median number of prior systemic therapies was two (range, one to eight). The objective response rate was 25% (33 of 130), including 15% (19 of 130) with CR/CRu. Patient characteristics, prior stem-cell transplantation, number or type of prior therapies, or response to last prior therapy did not have an impact on response rate. The median duration of response was 17 months, with the longest response ongoing at 34+ months. Of the 19 patients who achieved CR/CRu, 17 (89%) had not experienced disease progression at a median follow-up of 13.4 months. The most common grade ≥ 3 adverse events were thrombocytopenia (24%), neutropenia (20%), and infections (all types, 19%). CONCLUSION Single-agent romidepsin induced complete and durable responses with manageable toxicity in patients with relapsed or refractory PTCL across all major PTCL subtypes, regardless of the number or type of prior therapies. Results led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of romidepsin in this indication.