Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal manifestations of physical abuse after intimate partner violence.

BACKGROUND Domestic violence is the most common cause of nonfatal injury to women in the United States, with an estimated cost of $50 billion annually. Little is known about the spectrum of musculoskeletal injuries in victims of domestic violence. We examined the characteristics of abused women, the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, and the variables associated with increasing frequency of physical violence against women. METHODS We identified all female survivors of intimate partner violence who were referred to the Minnesota Domestic Abuse Program from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2003. Characteristics of each woman's background, abuse history, and injuries were obtained by a trained program therapist in an in-depth, 2-hour intake interview. Specific data forms were completed for each interview. Five forms of experienced abuse were explored (physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, and financial). Injuries were subcategorized as (1) head and neck, (2) musculoskeletal, (3) chest, (4) abdomen, and (5) skin (integumentary system). We conducted regression analyses to determine factors associated with the frequency of physical abuse. RESULTS Of 270 potentially eligible women, 263 (97%) with complete records were included. Women were commonly Caucasian (62%) in their third decade of life with one or more children (87%). A history of abuse was recalled by over half of the women (54%). The most prevalent forms of abuse were emotional (84%), psychological (68%), physical (43%), sexual (41%), and financial (38%). Child protective services were concomitantly involved in half of the women living in abusive relationships. Among those women who reported physical abuse, 36% sought medical attention. We identified 144 injuries in 218 physically abused women. Head and neck injuries were the most prevalent after intimate partner violence (40%). Musculoskeletal injuries were the second most common manifestation of intimate partner violence (28%). The spectrum of injuries included sprains (n = 21 injuries), fracture/dislocations (n = 17 injuries), and foot injuries (n = 2 injuries). Our analysis identified seven variables associated with increasing physical abuse frequency. These included (1) younger age (p = 0.04); (2) shorter length of relationship (p = 0.049); (3) emotional abuse (p = 0.02); (4) psychological abuse (p = 0.003); (5) sexual abuse (p = 0.004); (6) drug dependency (p = 0.05); and (7) alcohol dependency (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Among women presenting to a domestic violence therapy program seeking counseling, head and neck and musculoskeletal injuries were most common. Frequency of physical abuse was most likely to be associated with younger women who are in short-term relationships, have chemical and alcohol dependency, and concomitant emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse. Recognizing musculoskeletal injuries in women as a potential result of intimate partner violence is warranted. Identifying children exposed to abusive situations may further alert treating surgeons to the potential for intimate partner violence in the mother.
Changes in sensitivity of human tumour cells to growth inhibition by proteinase inhibitors.

Inhibition of a cell‐surface proteinase can inhibit the growth of many normal human cell types in culture. Some tumour cells are also sensitive to proteinase inhibitors, but others are resistant, and continue to grow in the presence of these inhibitors. Here we describe two human tumour cell lines which convert from the sensitive to the resistant state. In one case, the conversion occurs during routine passaging, but, in the other, it is determined by growth conditions, and is reversible.
Improved DisTrad for Downscaling Thermal MODIS Imagery over Urban Areas

Spaceborne thermal sensors provide important physical parameters for urban studies. However, due to technical constraints, spaceborne thermal sensors yield a trade-off between their spatial and temporal resolution. The aims of this study are (1) to downscale the three originally low spatial resolution (960 m) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS/Terra) land surface temperature image products (MOD11_L2, MOD11A1 and MOD11A2) to resolutions of 60, 90, 120, 240 and 480 m; and (2) to propose an improved version of the DisTrad method for downscaling the MODIS/Terra land surface temperature products over urban areas. The proposed improved DisTrad is based on a better parameterization of the original DisTrad residuals in urban areas. The improved resampling technique is based on a regression relationship between the residuals of the temperature estimation and the impervious percentage index. Validation of the improved DisTrad, the original DisTrad, and the uniformly disaggregated MODIS land surface temperature images (UniTrad) are performed by comparative analysis with a time-coincident Landsat 7 ETM+ thermal image. Statistical results indicate that the improved DisTrad method shows a higher correlation (R2 = 0.48) with the observed temperatures than the original DisTrad (R2 = 0.43) and a lower mean absolute error (MAE = 1.88 °C) than the original DisTrad (MAE = 2.07 °C). It is concluded that the improved DisTrad method has a stronger capability to downscale land surface temperatures in urban areas than the original DisTrad.
A Double Weighted Naive Bayes with Niching Cultural Algorithm for Multi-Label Classification

Multi-label classification is to assign an instance to multiple classes. Naive Bayes (NB) is one of the most popular algorithms for pattern recognition and classification. It has a high performance in single label classification. It is naturally extended for multi-label classification under the assumption of label independence. As we know, NB is based on a simple but unrealistic assumption that attributes are conditionally independent given the class. Therefore, a double weighted NB (DWNB) is proposed to demonstrate the influences of predicting different labels based on different attributes. Our DWNB utilizes the niching cultural algorithm (NLA) to determine the weight configuration automatically. Our experimental results show that our proposed DWNB outperforms NB and its extensions significantly in multi-label classification.
Carvedilol Treatment After Myocardial Infarct Decreases Cardiomyocytic Apoptosis in the Peri-infarct Zone During Cardioplegia-Induced Cardiac Arrest

ABSTRACT Objective: In this study, experiments were designed to determine which parts and how carvedilol provided protection of the failed hearts under cardioplegia-induced hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R) insult. Background: Carvedilol could improve the perioperative and postoperative prognosis of the heart failure patients. The mechanism of carvedilol in prevention of the occurrence of cardiomyocytic apoptosis and preservation of cardiac function had been rarely studied. Methods: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats treated with placebo or daily carvedilol after coronary artery ligation were divided into five groups (ligation only—group 2; ligation followed with cardioplegia-induced cardiac arrest—group 3; daily oral carvedilol treatment at 0.1, 1.0, or 10.0 mg/kg after ligation followed with cardioplegia-induced cardiac arrest—groups 4, 5, and 6), whereas another 10 animals received sham operation only (group 1), 30 days before ex vivo H/R injury. Failed hearts were harvested and received 1-h cardiac hypoxia with intermittent cold cardioplegia infusion and followed by 2-h reperfusion with warm oxygenated phosphate-buffered saline solution using a Langendorff apparatus. Perfusate was sampled at various time points. After H/R injury, the myocardium was carefully dissected into infarct, peri-infarct, and remote zones, which were used for further studies. In vitro H/R studies were carried on HL-1 cardiomyocytes to further explore the possible downstream pathways. Results: Carvedilol could reduce the H/R-induced cardiomyocytic apoptosis and related proteins expression, especially in the peri-infarct zone, in a dose-dependent pattern. Carvedilol could also preserve cardiac contractility via modulation of the tumor necrosis factor &agr; and interleukin 8 mRNA expression and reduction of Bcl-2 and cytochrome c protein production and decrease the occurrence of apoptosis ex vivo. In vitro experiments revealed that carvedilol exerted its antiapoptotic effect by way of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and MEK (mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase), instead of protein kinase A, pathways. Conclusions: In the failed heart, pretreatment with carvedilol could preserve cardiac contractility during cardioplegia-induced myocardial H/R injury by lessening inflammation-related genes and expression of cytokines, decreasing apoptosis-related proteins production and diminishing the occurrence of cardiomyocytic apoptosis in the peri-infarct zone. The cardinal pathways of the antiapoptotic mechanism of carvedilol were PI3K- and MEK-related pathways.
The clinical distinction between anxiety and depression.

Anxiety and depression, as normally used, refer to moods, appearing either as a reaction to an appropriate situation or to abnormal states occurring as symptoms in mental illness. The distinction of concern here is that which is made between the syndromes 'anxiety state (anxiety neurosis)' and 'depressive illness (melancholia)'. In these two conditions it has always been accepted that the essential feature is the change of mood and the schools of psychobiology and psychoanalysis have always regarded them as fundamentally similar. Others have always regarded them as quite distinct. This was because depressive illness was considered to be fundamentally constitutional and anxiety state to be a psychogenic reaction. For some time now research has indicated the resemblance between these two conditions. The classification of anxiety state with depression (melancholia) and mania to constitute the group of affective disorders is not based merely on the meaning of words but the recognition of similarities in the features of the disorders.
Diet and lifestyle variables as risk factors for chronic renal failure in pet cats

A case–control study examining diet and lifestyle variables to generate hypotheses of potential risk factors for chronic renal failure in pet cats was conducted in five private practices in Texas, USA and at the Texas A&M University Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A telephone questionnaire was used to gather information from owners of 38 cats newly diagnosed with CRF between December 1994 and 1995 and from owners of 56 control cats. Factor analysis was used to determine whether composite variables should be constructed to summarize the nutritional predictors adequately. The composite variables and other lifestyle variables were analyzed with logistic-regression. Three final exploratory models were developed: ad libitum feeding with fiber; ad libitum with Factor-2 (a composite variable composed of fiber, magnesium, protein, sodium and ash); and fiber alone. Ad libitum feeding and increased ash intake were associated with increased odds of CRF; increased dietary fiber, magnesium, protein and sodium were associated with decreased odds of CRF. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Role of fibroblast growth factor signaling during proepicardium formation in the chick embryo

The proepicardium forms at the venous pole of the embryonic heart and gives rise to several cell types of the mature heart. We investigated the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during proepicardium formation in the chick embryo. Several FGF ligands (Fgf2, Fgf10, and Fgf12) and receptors (Fgfr1, Fgfr2, and Fgfr4) are expressed in the proepicardium. Experimental modulation of FGF signaling in explant cultures affected cell proliferation and survival. In contrast, expression of Tbx18, Wt1, or Tbx5 were unaffected by FGF inhibition. In agreement with the explant data, villous outgrowth of the proepicardium was strongly impaired by FGF inhibition in vivo, however Tbx18 expression was maintained. These data suggest that during proepicardium formation, FGF ligands act as autocrine or paracrine growth factors to prevent apoptosis, maintain proliferation, and to promote villous outgrowth of the proepicardium. However, FGF is not involved in the induction or maintenance of proepicardium‐specific marker gene expression. Developmental Dynamics 239:2393–2403, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral analysis of energy transfer in variable density , radiatively heated particle-laden flows

We investigate the influence of radiative heating of particles on the turbulence energy spectra of the background carrier fluid. Radiative heating of particles and ensuing heat transfer to the fluid introduces dilatation, which considerably influences the turbulence cascade of the gas phase. Turbulent kinetic energy is introduced at high wave numbers via the pressure-dilatation term that results in an increasing amount of kinetic energy shifting to the divergence modes of velocity compared with that founds in the divergencefree modes. The wave number range over which this occurs also broadens over time. The spectral energy transfer term is also affected by radiation with the crossover from positive to negative values of this term moving to higher wave numbers with increasing radiation.
Trial of labor after cesarean versus repeat cesarean in women with small-for-gestational age neonates: a secondary analysis

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. Methods: This secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective observational study evaluated SGA neonates born to women with a single prior cesarean delivery. Nonanomalous, singleton pregnancies delivered at 24–41 weeks were included. The primary exposure was whether women underwent planned cesarean versus attempted TOLAC. Log-linear regression models were developed to characterize the relationship between TOLAC and neonatal outcomes. The primary outcome was a composite measure of neonatal morbidity and/or mortality, including death, respiratory complications, treated hypoglycemia, sepsis, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and hospital stay >5 days. Results: Of 1009 patients identified, 258 underwent repeat cesarean; 751 attempted TOLAC. Controlling for age, race, body mass index, smoking, maternal disease, prior vaginal birth after cesarean, corticosteroids, prematurity and nonreassuring fetal status as indication for delivery, the composite adverse outcome was similarly likely in both groups (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.88–1.12, p = 0.93). Conclusions: SGA infants born to women who TOLAC have similar neonatal outcomes to those who deliver by planned repeat cesarean. We conclude that TOLAC is an acceptable option for women with a prior cesarean and suspected SGA neonates.
A quantum-inspired evolutionary clustering algorithm for the lifetime problem of wireless sensor network

One of the solutions to the lifetime problem of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is to select a sensor as the cluster head (CH) to reduce the transmission cost of the other sensors in a cluster. However, the high computation load will quickly run out of its energy. The most well-known method for selecting the CHs of a WSN is the so-called low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH), but it is far from optimal in terms of the energy consumed. On the other hand, some recent studies showed that the quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm (QEA) can provide a better result than rule-based and metaheuristic algorithms. This paper is, therefore, aimed at applying QEA to the lifetime problem of a WSN. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a better result than LEACH and genetic algorithm in terms of the overall energy consumed, especially for complex and large lifetime problems.
Platelet Hyperreactivity in Diabetes: Focus on GPVI Signaling—Are Useful Drugs Already Available?

Adults with diabetes are 2–4 times more likely to suffer from heart disease or ischemic stroke than adults without diabetes, yet standard antiplatelet therapy, which is the cornerstone for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, fails in many patients with diabetes. Three independent but often interrelated variables that contribute to platelet hyperreactivity—high blood glucose, oxidative stress, and elevated vascular shear forces—coexist in patients with diabetes, creating a perilous concurrence of risk factors for cardiovascular events. Recent research has focused attention on the platelet-specific collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) as a potential antithrombotic target. Signaling events downstream of GPVI are influenced by hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and shear stress. Importantly, drugs targeting these GPVI signaling pathways are already in existence. The potential to repurpose existing drugs is a high-gain strategy for yielding new antiplatelet agents and could have particular benefit in individuals with diabetes.
Virtual Reality Spaces for Visual Data Mining with Multiobjective Evolutionary Optimization: Implicit and Explicit Function Representations Mixing Unsupervised and Supervised Properties

Multi-objective optimization is used for the computation of virtual reality spaces for visual data mining and knowledge discovery. Two methods for computing new spaces are discussed: implicit and explicit function representations. In the first, the images of the objects are computed directly, and in the second, universal function approximators (neural networks) are obtained. The pros and cons of each approach are discussed, as well as their complementary character. The NSGA-II algorithm is used for computing spaces requested to minimize two objectives: a similarity structure loss measure (Sammon's error) and classification error (mean cross-validation error on a k-nn classifier). Two examples using solutions along approximations to the Pareto front are presented: Alzheimer's disease gene expressions and geophysical fields for prospecting underground caves. This approach is a general non-linear feature generation and can be used in problems not necessarily oriented to the construction of visual data representations.
Metabolic Costs and Rating of Perceived Exertion during Backward Walking in Water and on Dry Land

The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic costs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and stride frequency during backward walking in water and on land. The walking speeds in water were set to be half of those on land. There was no significant difference in metabolic costs and RPE between backward walking in water with a current and on land, at slow and moderate speeds (P > 0.05). However, at the fast speed (i.e., 3.0 and 6.0 km · h–1 for water and land, respectively), the metabolic costs and RPE during backward walking on land were significantly higher than when walking backward in water with a current (P < 0.05). With regard to backward walking at faster speeds, if the walking speed in water with a current is set at half the speed on land, then the speed will be inadequate for inducing metabolic costs and RPE that are similar to those produced on land.
Evaluation of blood pressure and aortic elasticity of offspring of diabetic Wistar rats who have consumed flaxseed oil during pregnancy and lactation

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether maternal use of flaxseed oil has effects on blood pressure and aorta elastic fibre in female offspring of diabetic mothers. Methods: Diabetes was induced into the rats (n = 18) by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. After diabetes confirmation, rats were mated, and after pregnancy was confirmed, they were allocated into three groups: control group (CG); high-fat group (HFG); and flaxseed oil group (FOG). At weaning, female offspring (n = 6/group) received standard chow diet and were euthanized at 100 days of life. The following blood pressure and the percentage of the aortic elastic fibre were analysed. Results: HFG showed higher blood pressure, and the use of flaxseed oil avoided this condition in FOG (p < 0.001) and increased the percentage of the aortic elastic fibre (p < 0.022). Conclusions: Flaxseed oil reduced the damage caused by maternal hyperglycaemia, promoting normal blood pressure and elasticity of the aorta in female offspring.
A class of diagonal preconditioners for limited memory BFGS method

A major weakness of the limited memory BFGS (LBFGS) method is that it may converge very slowly on ill-conditioned problems when the identity matrix is used for initialization. Very often, the LBFGS method can adopt a preconditioner on the identity matrix to speed up the convergence. For this purpose, we propose a class of diagonal preconditioners to boost the performance of the LBFGS method. In this context, we find that it is appropriate to use a diagonal preconditioner, in the form of a diagonal matrix plus a positive multiple of the identity matrix, so as to fit information of local Hessian as well as to induce positive definiteness for the diagonal preconditioner at a whole. The property of hereditary positive definiteness is maintained by a careful choice of the positive scalar on the scaled identity matrix while the local curvature information is carried implicitly on the other diagonal matrix through the variational techniques, commonly employed in the derivation of quasi-Newton updates. Several preconditioning formulae are then derived and tested on a large set of standard test problems to access the impact of different choices of such preconditioners on the minimization performance.
TESTING OF SITE-SPECIFIC YIELD IN DIFFERENT HARVEST PASSES

Original scientific paper This paper analyzes the differences in mass yield of moist rapeseed grain for six different passes of combine harvester along the plot. The Mann-Whitney U test and Z-statistic are used for analysis needs. For harvest pass 1 and pass 4 the Z-value is only 0,211, whereas the statistical significance level to confirm this finding is 0,8333, therefore there is not statistically significant difference between yield levels in mentioned passes. It is established that there are another three pairs of similar harvest passes, of which two are adjacent, while all other passes exhibit statistical difference with respect to the yield. The approximate value of the effect size r indicator is applied for all passes, where a statistically significant difference turned out to exist between them. The highest difference is noted between pass 2 and pass 3, the effect size r value amounting to 0,464, which can be considered a large effect size according to Cohen’s criterion. This paper suggests extending the current routine implementation of yield analysis to an automated post-processing system.
Gradient-corrected density functionals: Full-potential calculations for iron.

Calculs a potentiel integral de la structure electronique et des proprietes de l'etat fondamental du fer en utilisant les fonctionnelles de la densite locale de Langreth-Mehl-Hu, Perdew-Wang, et Becke. Comme dans les calculs anterieurs des orbitales muffin-tin lineaires, on trouve un etat fondamental bcc ferromagnetique, bien qu'il existe des differences d'energie. Discussion detaillee de l'effet des corrections des gradients sur la structure electronique
Time and Memory: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology

Book Information Time and Memory: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology. Time and Memory: Issues in Philosophy and Psychology Christoph Hoerl and McCormack Teresa, eds., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2001, xiii + 419, £45 (cloth), £17.99 (paper) Edited by Christoph Hoerl; and McCormack Teresa. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pp. xiii + 419. £45 (cloth:), £17.99 (paper:),