Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless Multicast Support for the NS-2 Emulation Environment

The development of applications and protocols for future wireless communication systems requires powerful tools for testing and optimization in mobile ad-hoc networks. This especially holds true for applications that are based on relatively unreliable wireless multicast communication. In this paper we propose an extension to the ns-2 network simulator that allows for testing and optimization of real-world applications in a flexibly configurable emulation environment. This testbed supports wireless unicast and multicast routing mechanisms in parallel and thus gives real-world implementations a comprehensive and transparent access to a network that behaves like a mobile ad-hoc environment.
Measurement device with learned sensor

The main subject of the paper is calibration of the sensor by learning method of the fuzzy system. Fuzzy system is used for simultaneous compensation of the nonlinearity and temperature sensitivity. The compensation of pressure sensors is intended for application in the Air Data Computer. The results obtained experimentally show that fuzzy system is superior to the polynomial regressions because it is not necessary to compute high degree polynomials. After the compensation it is supposed measurement device can be periodically verified and if necessary corrected. General property of two-point correction is presented. In the case of tested sensor two-point re-calibration is assumed as being effective because of one-side nonlinearity.
Prosodic disambiguation and attachment height

This study investigates the role played by prosody in the syntactic and semantic disambiguation of string identical Relative Clauses (RC) and Pseudo Relatives (PR) in Italian. While RCs are embedded within the Noun Phrase (NP) they modify, PRs sit in a higher position in the syntactic structure, standing in a sisterhood relation with the head Noun. A production study with 8 Italian speakers set to determine whether and how this structural difference is encoded at a prosodic level. Preliminary results suggest that the minimal pairs are disambiguated at a prosodic level and that such disambiguation is encoded as early as at the NP-head. We discuss how this prosodic evidence reflects the structural difference highlighted above.
Structural and practical identifiability analysis of partially observed dynamical models by exploiting the profile likelihood

MOTIVATION Mathematical description of biological reaction networks by differential equations leads to large models whose parameters are calibrated in order to optimally explain experimental data. Often only parts of the model can be observed directly. Given a model that sufficiently describes the measured data, it is important to infer how well model parameters are determined by the amount and quality of experimental data. This knowledge is essential for further investigation of model predictions. For this reason a major topic in modeling is identifiability analysis. RESULTS We suggest an approach that exploits the profile likelihood. It enables to detect structural non-identifiabilities, which manifest in functionally related model parameters. Furthermore, practical non-identifiabilities are detected, that might arise due to limited amount and quality of experimental data. Last but not least confidence intervals can be derived. The results are easy to interpret and can be used for experimental planning and for model reduction. AVAILABILITY An implementation is freely available for MATLAB and the PottersWheel modeling toolbox at http://web.me. com/andreas.raue/profile/software.html. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Robust Initialization of Active Shape Models for Lung Segmentation in CT Scans: A Feature-Based Atlas Approach

Model-based segmentation methods have the advantage of incorporating a priori shape information into the segmentation process but suffer from the drawback that the model must be initialized sufficiently close to the target. We propose a novel approach for initializing an active shape model (ASM) and apply it to 3D lung segmentation in CT scans. Our method constructs an atlas consisting of a set of representative lung features and an average lung shape. The ASM pose parameters are found by transforming the average lung shape based on an affine transform computed from matching features between the new image and representative lung features. Our evaluation on a diverse set of 190 images showed an average dice coefficient of 0.746 ± 0.068 for initialization and 0.974 ± 0.017 for subsequent segmentation, based on an independent reference standard. The mean absolute surface distance error was 0.948 ± 1.537 mm. The initialization as well as segmentation results showed a statistically significant improvement compared to four other approaches. The proposed initialization method can be generalized to other applications employing ASM-based segmentation.
Image registration techniques using parallel computing in multicore environment and its applications in medical imaging: An overview

Image Registration is the key step of Image Processing as it is the process to locate most accurate relative orientation among two or more images, captured at the same or different times by distinguishable or indistinguishable sensors to increase the information content. For speed optimization of Image Registration, There have been developed numerous approaches till now based on CPU platforms, GPU, CUDA Programming Models etc. Purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature available on Image registration methods based on parallel computing in Multi core architecture. Another considerable intention of this paper is to describe the various applications of image registration using parallel computing in Medical imaging as it can be applied for different modalities of medical images.
A Hybrid Method for Query based Automatic Summarization System

Automatic text summarization is one of the research goals of Natural Language Processing which relieves humans from studying each and every line in a text document to understand the underlying concepts in it. Automatic text summarization is aimed to create a brief outline of a given text covering the important points in the text. Automatic text summarization can be generic or query specific. This paper is focused on Query specific text summarization where a summary of the given text is constructed based on the given query. Query specific text summarization is based on the calculation of the relationship between sentences in the text document and the query given. Several statistical techniques and linguistic techniques have been developed to find the relationship between the given query and the sentences in the document. These methods when used alone could not give desired accuracy in the results. In this paper a sentence scoring method is defined based on existing sentence scoring methods. It attempts to combine the individual results of these methods to give a better assessment of the relationship between the sentences.
What did Erwin mean? The physics of information from the materials genomics of aperiodic crystals and water to molecular information catalysts and life

Erwin Schrödinger famously and presciently ascribed the vehicle transmitting the hereditary information underlying life to an ‘aperiodic crystal’. We compare and contrast this, only later discovered to be stored in the linear biomolecule DNA, with the information-bearing, layered quasi-one-dimensional materials investigated by the emerging field of chaotic crystallography. Despite differences in functionality, the same information measures capture structure and novelty in both, suggesting an intimate coherence between the information character of biotic and abiotic matter—a broadly applicable physics of information. We review layered solids and consider three examples of how information- and computation-theoretic techniques are being applied to understand their structure. In particular, (i) we review recent efforts to apply new kinds of information measures to quantify disordered crystals; (ii) we discuss the structure of ice I in information-theoretic terms; and (iii) we recount recent investigations into the structure of tris(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexeno)benzene, showing how an information-theoretic analysis yields additional insight into its structure. We then illustrate a new Second Law of Thermodynamics that describes information processing in active low-dimensional materials, reviewing Maxwell's Demon and a new class of molecular devices that act as information catalysts. Lastly, we conclude by speculating on how these ideas from informational materials science may impact biology.
Correction: SNP Detection in mRNA in Living Cells Using Allele Specific FRET Probes

Figures 4 and 5 were incorrectly switched. The image currently appearing as Figure 4 belongs with the title and legend of Figure 5, and the image currently appearing as Figure 5 belongs with the title and legend of Figure 4. The titles and legends themselves are in correct order. In addition, there was an error in Figure 3. Please see the correct Figure 3 here:
On the Association of Gamma-Ray Bursts with Supernovae

The recent discovery of a supernova (SN 1998bw) seemingly associated with GRB 980425 adds a new twist to the decades-old debate over the origin of gamma-ray bursts. To investigate the possibility that some (or all) bursts are associated with supernovae, we performed a systematic search for temporal/angular correlations using catalogs of BATSE and BATSE/Ulysses burst locations. We find no associations with any of the precise BATSE/Ulysses locations, which allows us to conclude that the fraction of high-fluence gamma-ray bursts from known supernovae is small (less than 0.2%). For the more numerous weaker bursts, the corresponding limiting fraction of 1.5% is less constraining due to the imprecise locations of these events. This limit (1.5%≃18 bursts) allows that a large fraction of the recent supernovae used as a comparison data set (18 supernovae ≃ 20%) could have associated gamma-ray bursts. Thus, although we find no significant evidence to support a burst/supernova association, the possibility cannot be excluded for weak bursts.
A propose technical security metrics model for SCADA systems

Information security metrics are very important to guide the direction for measuring the effectiveness of security controls in compliance with the information security standards. However, lack of method to guide organization in choosing the technical security metrics may cause technical security control objectives and capabilities failed. This research proposes a model of technical security metrics to measure the effectiveness of network security management, such as network security controls and services such as firewall and Intrusion Detection Prevention System (IDPS) in the protection of Supervisory and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. The methodology used is Plan-Do-Check-Act process model. The proposed technical security metric provides guidance for SCADA owners in complying with requirements of ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System (ISMS) standard. The proposed model should be able to provide a comprehensive measurement and prove the effectiveness of ISO/IEC 27004 ISMS Measurement standard.
Muskuloskeletale Belastungen im Schafshinterlauf: Mechanische Rahmenbedingungen der Heilung

Während das Schaf ein Standardmodell für die Analyse der biologischen Heilungsprozesse nach chirurgischer Versorgung an Knie und Unterschenkel ist, wurden die in vivo wirkenden tibio‐femoralen Gelenkkontaktkräfte sowie die daraus resultierenden muskuloskeletalen Belastungen bisher nicht im Detail untersucht.
Explicating political hazards and safeguards: a transaction cost politics approach

We apply the logic of comparative institutional analysis to the question of the governance of the relationship between private investors and the government. We consider two strategies that investors may follow: lobbying for the creation of a specialized political governance structure and relying on more general political mechanisms to influence policy in a given industry on an ongoing basis. We identify political hazards as a crucial determinant of the choice of political governance and the transactional attributes that give rise to such hazards. Finally, we highlight shift parameters in a nation's institutional environment that influence the choice between specialized and generalized political governance mechanisms. Copyright 2004, Oxford University Press.
Prediction of the Forming Limit Band for Steel Sheets using a new Formulation of Hora's Criterion (MMFC)

The paper analyzes the dispersion of the mechanical parameters and its influence on the forming limit curves of sheet metals. The tests have been made for the case of the DC01 steel sheets. The dispersion of the mechanical parameters has been observed during the experimental research. On the basis of this dispersion, a forming limit band has been calculated using an alternate formulation of Hora’s model (MMFC).
Carotid strain estimation using an ultrasound-based speckle tracking algorithm

Carotid strain imaging using ultrasound-based speckle tracking has showed potential in risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases. However, assessing strain in the artery wall and in atherosclerotic plaques is challenging because of small dimensions and low deformations in relation to the applied ultrasound wavelength. High-resolution ultrasound has potential to improve the speckle tracking performance by increasing spatial resolution. The aim of this study was to compare carotid strain estimation by speckle tracking using standard clinical ultrasound and high-resolution ultrasound in an experimental setup. Ultrasound long-axis images were obtained using a standard clinical ultrasound system (Vivid7) and a high resolution ultrasound system (Vevo2100) in dynamic phantoms mimicking the carotid artery. Speckle tracking was performed to estimate radial and longitudinal strain whereas sonomicrometry was used as reference. The results showed a significant better performance for speckle tracking applied on images from the high-resolution system compared to the standard clinical system.
Moving Mesh Finite Element Methods for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

This work presents the first effort in designing a moving mesh algorithm to solve the incompressible Navier--Stokes equations in the primitive variables formulation. The main difficulty in developing this moving mesh scheme is how to keep it divergence-free for the velocity field at each time level. The proposed numerical scheme extends a recent moving grid method based on harmonic mapping [R. Li, T. Tang, and P. W. Zhang, J. Comput. Phys., 170 (2001), pp. 562--588], which decouples the PDE solver and the mesh-moving algorithm. This approach requires interpolating the solution on the newly generated mesh. Designing a divergence-free-preserving interpolation algorithm is the first goal of this work. Selecting suitable monitor functions is important and is found challenging for the incompressible flow simulations, which is the second goal of this study. The performance of the moving mesh scheme is tested on the standard periodic double shear layer problem. No spurious vorticity patterns appear when even fairly coarse grids are used.
THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ANTI-HEPARIN ACTIVITY OF SERUM AND THROMBOSIS

Stored serum reduces the anticoagulant effect of heparin on the clotting times of normal plasma. This is also well marked with sera from patients with Christmas (factor IX) deficiency, with factor VII-deficient sera, and in sera derived from patients treated with phenindione with a gross defect in thromboplastin generation. The possible relationship between antiheparin activity of serum and heparin resistance in recent thrombosis is discussed. The antiheparin agent resembles factor VII and Christmas factor in being present in excess in serum, adsorbed and subsequently eluted from alumina. Unlike these, however, it does not appear to be appreciably reduced by phenindione treatment. It appears to have some properties in common with those described for the thrombotic agent of serum described by Wessler and his colleagues. It may play a part in the increased coagulability associated with thrombosis from the release of serum products into the circulation, although its relationship to the production of thrombosis in man remains to be established.
Docking of flexible ligands to flexible receptors in solution by molecular dynamics simulation

In this paper, a method of simulating the docking of small flexible ligands to flexible receptors in water is reported. The method is based on molecular dynamics simulations and is an extension of an algorithm previously reported by Di Nola et al. (Di Nola et al., Proteins 1994;19:174–182). The method allows a fast exploration of the receptor surface, using a high temperature of the center of mass translational motion, while the ligand internal motions, the solvent, and the receptor are simulated at room temperature. In addition, the method allows a fast center of mass motion of the ligand, even in solution. The dampening effect of the solvent can be overcome by applying different weights to the interactions between system subsets (solvent, receptor, and ligand). Specific ligand–receptor distances have been used to compare the results of the simulations with the crystal structure. The method is applied, as a test system, to the docking of the phosphocholine to the immunoglobulin McPC603. The results show the similarity of structure between the complex in solution and in the crystal. Proteins 1999;35:153–162. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gel mobility shift scanning of pectin-inducible promoter from Penicillium griseoroseum reveals the involvement of a CCAAT element in the expression of a polygalacturonase gene

Previous reports have described pgg2, a polygalacturonase-encoding gene of Penicillium griseoroseum, as an attractive model for transcriptional regulation studies, due to its high expression throughout several in vitro growth conditions, even in the presence of non-inducing sugars such as sucrose. A search for regulatory motifs in the 5' upstream regulatory sequence of pgg2 identified a putative CCAAT box that could justify this expression profile. This element, located 270 bp upstream of the translational start codon, was tested as binding target for regulatory proteins. Analysis of a 170 bp promoter fragment by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) with nuclear extracts prepared from mycelia grown in pectin-containing culture medium revealed a high mobility complex that was subsequently confirmed by analyzing it with a double-stranded oligonucleotide spanning the CCAAT motif. A substitution in the core sequence for GTAGG partially abolished the formation of specific complexes, showing the involvement of the CCAAT box in the regulation of the polygalacturonase gene studied.
Generation and characterization of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a hepatitis C virus Core protein , genotype 1 b , individually or as a polyprotein

Hepatitis C virus Core is an intriguing protein with important roles in life cycle of this pathogen. In the present work, recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a genotype 1b HCV Core protein, individually (vvCore) or as a polyprotein Core-E1-E2 (vvRE), were generated and characterized. In general, viral titer of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the Core protein in BSC40 infected cells was similar to the one detected in BSC40 cells infected with the Western Reserve vaccinia virus control. Additionally, intraperitonial inoculation of BALB/c mice with 10 plaque forming units (pfu) of vvCore or vvRE effectively infected animals. Viral load detected in ovaries of infected mice was similar for recombinant viruses or vaccinia virus control. Moreover, up to 10 pfu of recombinant vaccinia viruses were inoculated to BALB/c mice without lethal consequences. Remarkably, after single inoculation of recombinant vaccinia viruses, specific antibodies or IFN-gamma secreting cells against the HCV Core antigen were not detectable. The generated recombinant vaccinia viruses, expressing the HCV Core, are valuable instruments for the development of surrogate challenge models and for the future investigation of in vitro and in vivo aspects related to this viral antigen.
Using k-means clustering method in determination of the optimal placement of distributed generation sources in electrical distribution systems

This paper proposes a method using k-means clustering, based on the operational characteristics (loss sensitivity factor and voltage values in nodes) to determine the optimal location of distributed generation sources into an electrical distribution system. The suggested method is tested on a 20 kV real rural distribution network with 91 nodes. In the optimal nodes from the network analyzed, DG is installed at different power levels, considering the evolution in time of the energy losses. On the basis of the results, the proposed method demonstrates that the methodology can be successfully used to reduce the real power losses, to improve the voltage values in nodes, but more important to determine the optimal placement of DG without violation of any of the system constraints under any operating conditions. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A description of the amygdaloid complex in the rat and cat with observations on intra‐amygdaloid axonal connections

The cytoarchitectonic structure and divisions of the amygdaloid complex are described in the rat and cat, with special reference to the axonal connections of each of the amygdaloid nuclei, and to interspecies variations and similarities. Several intra‐amygdaloid connections are also described, based on autoradiographic experiments with small injections of 3H‐amino acids into the individual nuclei. Although it has probably not been possible to determine all of the intra‐amygdaloid projections from these experiments, the connections which have been shown are very specific. The lateral nucleus projects to the basomedial nucleus, the lateral part of the central nucleus, and the periamygdaloid cortex, while the basolateral nucleus projects only to itself, the medial part of the central nucleus, and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. The basomedial nucleus projects to the cellular layer of the medial nucleus and the amygdalo‐hippocampal area, while the molecular layer of these structures and of the posterior cortical nucleus, receives projections from the periamygdaloid cortex or from the endopiriform cortex. There are also interconnections between the medial and posterior cortical nuclei, and commissural connections between the posterior cortical nuclei of the two sides.
CloudLines: Compact Display of Event Episodes in Multiple Time-Series

We propose incremental logarithmic time-series technique as a way to deal with time-based representations of large and dynamic event data sets in limited space. Modern data visualization problems in the domains of news analysis, network security and financial applications, require visual analysis of incremental data, which poses specific challenges that are normally not solved by static visualizations. The incremental nature of the data implies that visualizations have to necessarily change their content and still provide comprehensible representations. In particular, in this paper we deal with the need to keep an eye on recent events together with providing a context on the past and to make relevant patterns accessible at any scale. Our technique adapts to the incoming data by taking care of the rate at which data items occur and by using a decay function to let the items fade away according to their relevance. Since access to details is also important, we also provide a novel distortion magnifying lens technique which takes into account the distortions introduced by the logarithmic time scale to augment readability in selected areas of interest. We demonstrate the validity of our techniques by applying them on incremental data coming from online news streams in different time frames.