Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation and Localization of Isoforms of the Aerobic Oxidative Cyclase in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii †

Tetrapyrrole synthesis is complex and is regulated at several points. The aerobic oxidative cyclase catalyzes the oxidative closure of the fifth ring characteristic of all chlorophylls. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii encodes two paralogous protein components of the cyclase, which are differentially accumulated based on copper nutrition and oxygen supply. CRD1 is accumulated in copper‐deficient conditions, whereas CTH1 is present in copper replete conditions. Here, we show that CRD1 expression is regulated through a copper‐responsive element located upstream of the transcription start site. The differential production of CRD1 transcript accounts for the differential accumulation of the corresponding polypeptide. The CTH1 locus produces two transcripts: a 2.1 kb one under copper‐replete conditions and a 3.1 kb one under copper‐deficient conditions. We show that the 2.1 kb transcript can be translated into protein in vitro whereas the 3.1 kb transcript cannot. Differential accumulation of the 2.1 vs the 3.1 kb transcript therefore accounts for the copper‐responsive accumulation of CTH1. Biochemical fractionation reveals that both CRD1 and CTH1 are localized to chloroplast envelope as well as thylakoid membranes.
Expression, characterization and ligand specificity of lipocalin-1 interacting membrane receptor (LIMR)

Abstract Human lipocalin-1 interacting membrane receptor (LIMR) was the first lipocalin receptor to be identified, as a specific receptor for lipocalin-1 (Lcn1). Subsequently LIMR has been reported to interact with other ligands as well, notably with the bovine lipocalin β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and with the unrelated secretoglobin uteroglobin (UG). To study the ligand-binding behaviour of this prototypic lipocalin receptor in more detail, a system was developed for the recombinant expression of LIMR in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells, and for the subsequent solubilization and purification of the protein. The receptor forms dimers or larger oligomers when solubilized in n-dodecyl β-D-maltoside (DDM). The full-length, functional receptor was captured onto a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip via an α-V5 antibody, and the binding of various potential ligands was followed in time. In this way, LIMR was shown to be highly specific for Lcn1, binding the lipocalin with low micromolar to high nanomolar affinity. No interactions with any of the other putative ligands could be detected, raising doubts about the physiological relevance of the reported binding of BLG and UG to the receptor.
Beyond Resilience - New Institutional Economics, Fragilities and Indicators of Unsustainability

Based on ideas and notions discussed in Nassim Taleb’s books The Black Swan and Antifragile, in this article it is discussed how theories from the new institutional economics can contribute to research on sustainability issues in different areas as well as corporate social responsibility. While sustainability is often considered from the point of view of resilience, the increasing complexity of the world requires to be prepared for unexpected challenges and unpredictable challenges which may lead to crises or system ruin. The focus in this article is on the identification of fragilities as the bottom line of sustainable development – their elimination may prevent ruin and support system survival. This is based on the idea that not only policy for development may be senseless when the possibility of ruin exists. In general, it is also easier to identify problems than possible improvements. The theoretical framework of the new institutional economics will be used to outline some opportunities and challenges for identifying fragilities and creating indicators of unsustainability.
Economic Development and the Demographics of Criminals in Victorian England

We use a data set consisting of felony trials in London from 1835 to 1913 to analyze changing demographic patterns in the commission of crimes. We find that the average age of offenders in London increased substantially more than can be explained through increases in longevity or jurisdictional changes. Moreover, this increase is larger for crimes committed for economic gain than for crimes of violence. We build a model to explain the increase in the number of older offenders. As industrialization proceeded, older workers increasingly found their human capital unsuitable to the technology level, which forced some into crime. We then complement this time-series analysis with cross-sectional data from England and Wales from 1870, 1883, and 1910. In the cross sections, areas with higher rates of urbanization and industrialization had higher average ages of criminals and disproportionately more criminals from medium-skilled, artisan occupations.
Pontine venous congestion due to dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous sinus: Case report and review of the literature

Background: We report herein a case of cavernous sinus (CS)-dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with brainstem venous congestion that was successfully treated by transarterial embolization, followed by radiotherapy. Case Description: An 80-year-old woman presented with right eye chemosis and left hemiparesis. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed hyperintensity of the pons. Diagnostic cerebral angiography demonstrated CS-DAVF draining into the right superior orbital vein and petrosal vein, and fed by bilateral internal and external carotid arteries. Transarterial embolization was performed and followed by radiotherapy, resulting in resolution of the pontine lesion and neurological and ophthalmological symptoms within 5 months. Conclusions: We also review the literature regarding therapy for CS-DAVF with brainstem venous congestion. Once CS-DAVF with venous congestion of the brainstem has been definitively diagnosed, immediate therapy is warranted. Treatment with transarterial embolization followed by radiation may be an important option for elderly patients when transvenous or transarterial embolization is not an option.
Psychosocial effects of vitiligo

A limited number of studies have paid attention to the psychosocial well‐being of patients affected with vitiligo. We review the psychosocial effects of vitiligo, how patients deal with them and the psychiatric morbidity in vitiligo patients. Given the appreciable comorbidity, it is important to consider these observations in the management of patients, for example in patient–physician interaction but also in treatment strategies and evaluation of treatments. The effects of the psychological state on the disease itself together with the potential therapeutic implications are reviewed. Based on these data, we suggest how to further improve patient's management.
Insulin cell mass is altered in Csf1op/Csf1op macrophage‐deficient mice

Macrophages play an important role in organ development, tissue homeostasis, and remodeling. Thus, we monitored the presence of F4/80‐positive macrophages in the pancreas of wild‐type mice, and some developmental features of this complex tissue were compared throughout life in wild‐type and macrophage‐deficient Csf1op/Csf1op (op/op) mice. The combined use of immunohistochemistry, morphometry, and cell quantification allows us to evaluate insulin and glucagon cell mass, total and insulin cell proliferation, and apoptosis in fetuses (E18.5), weanings (postnatal day 21), nonpregnant adults, and adults in late pregnancy (18.5 days). F4/80‐positive macrophages were found in pancreases recovered from Csf1op/Csf1+ (op/+) mice but were extremely scarce or absent in pancreas recovered from op/op ones at all studied time‐points. The macrophage‐deficient op/op phenotype was clearly associated with a major insulin mass deficit in fetuses and adults, abnormal postnatal islet morphogenesis, and impaired pancreatic cell proliferation at weaning and late pregnancy. We also obtained indirect evidence of increased neogenesis in this model at time‐points when pancreatic remodeling does occur. The demonstration of the colony‐stimulating factor 1‐dependent macrophage involvement in life‐time pancreas development/remodeling allows us to pinpoint the tissue‐modeling and remodeling functions of this leukocyte lineage.
Damping enhancement of haptic devices by using velocities from accelerometers and encoders

High-stiffness environment emulation requires a haptic device to have a large damping coefficient in order to keep the stability during a virtual contact. Aimed at increasing the maximum allowable damping coefficient, two new approaches of using a velocity derived from both acceleration and position measurements are presented in this paper. An adaptive mechanism is provided to accommodate both offset and gain uncertainties of the accelerometer. The feasibility of using the velocity derived from both accelerometer and encoder is demonstrated experimentally when a one-degree of freedom (DOF) haptic device contacts with a virtual wall. The contribution of this paper suggests that any existing haptic device would be able to expand its capacity of emulating high-stiffness virtual environments when velocities estimated from both accelerometers and encoders are used.
The Origin and Evolution of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses

Abstract Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) are divided into North American and European types, which show about 40% difference in their amino acid sequences. The divergence time of these two types has been estimated to be about 1980 from epidemiological data. This suggested that PRRSV have evolved at a higher evolutionary rate (order of 10−2/site/year) compared with other RNA viruses of 10−3 to 10−5/site/year. Here, to test the evolutionary history of PRRSV speculated by the epidemiological background, we estimated the divergence time and evolutionary rate of PRRSV with molecular evolutionary analysis. Estimated divergence time (1972–1988) corresponded well to that estimated by the epidemiological data, and the evolutionary rate (4.71–9.8) × 10−2 of PRRSV was indeed the highest among RNA viruses so far reported. Furthermore, we inferred important sites for the adaptation in order to examine how PRRSV have adapted to swine since they emerged. The adaptive sites were located not only in the epitopes related to immunity but also in the transmembrane regions including a signal peptide. In particular, the adaptive sites in the transmembrane regions were considered to affect compatibility to the host cell membrane. We conclude that PRRSV were transmitted from another host species to swine in about 1980 and have adapted to swine by altering the transmembrane regions.
Investment and abandonment decisions in the presence of imperfect aggregation of information

The traditional marshallian rule of investing when the value of the investment is greater than its installment cost is modified in the presence of irreversibility and uncertainty, giving rise to an option component. Additionally, the interaction of participants holding each one a right to invest can give rise under imperfect information to situations of deviations from the optimal timing of exercise of the investment and to "herd behavior" or informational cascades given that the agents take into account when deciding not only their private set of information but also the information released to the market by the decisions made by the other agents. In the present paper we develop a model that tries to capture these effects and dynamics by showing revision of conditional expectations of the agents, and with considerations regarding the degree of dispersion of information in the economy and the effect of the number of participants and their effect into their behavior.
Differential diagnosis of fatal and benign cytochrome c oxidase‐deficient myopathies of infancy

To differentiate the 2 major myopathies of infancy due to cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency, we studied muscle biopsies from 4 patients with fatal myopathy and 4 with benign myopathy using biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies directed against individual subunits of COX differentiated the 2 phenotypes: the fatal infantile myopathy was characterized by absence of the nuclear DNA (nDNA)-encoded subunit VIIa,b of COX, while in the benign myopathy both VIIa,b and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) -encoded subunit II were absent. Early differential diagnosis between fatal and benign COX-deficient myopathies is of critical importance for prognosis and management of these infants, because the benign form is initially life-threatening but ultimately reversible.
Variations in progression of social work students in England: Using Student Data to Help Promote Achievement

Monitoring student progression and achievement has become an essential part of the way in which higher education institutions (HEIs) identify if they are achieving their teaching and learning outcomes. As the regulator of social work and social care in England, the General Social Care Council (GSCC) uses data that HEIs provide on the numbers of students beginning and completing social work qualifying programmes to help monitor quality and to ensure that the GSCC meets its responsibilities as a regulator to ensure that all students are treated fairly. Since 2005, the GSCC has been supporting research looking at progression and achievement among all those beginning social work qualifying programmes in England. The total dataset now numbers over 50,000 students enrolling between 1995-2007. This report is based on the analysis of what happened to all the 5,275 full-time undergraduate students who enrolled on the new social work degree programmes in England between the years 2003-05. These two cohorts were chosen to allow enough time for them to complete their three years of undergraduate study.
3 A : A PERSON RE-IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM VIA ATTRIBUTE AUGMENTATION AND AGGREGATION

Person re-identification is a key technique to match person images captured in non-overlappingcamera views. Due to the sensitivity of low-level visual features to viewpoint chan ge, scale zooming and illumination variation, high-level seman tic attributes, more stable to the environmental change, begin s to be investigated to improve the robustness of the representa tion. However, confusions may occur caused by the limited expression ability of coarse-grained semantic attributes . To explore the attribute value, we introduce a new framework in cluding two steps: (1) attribute augmentation, by mining no nsemantic attributes to supplement semantic attributes, an d (2) attribute aggregation, by merging attribute-based rankin g results into traditional feature-based ranking results. Exp eriments conducted on public datasets have validated the effec tiveness of the proposed framework.
The Impact of the Subprime Crisis on the Industrial Sector of the Emerging Countries

This paper describes an analysis of number of emerging countries so as to identify the impact of the subprime crisis on their industrial sector. Using the analysis of multivariate time series, we will try to examine the real impact of the crisis on the industrial sector in five emerging countries through five channels: the interest rate channel, the wealth impact channel, the bank lending channel, the shock and uncertainty channel and the trade channel, over the period 2002-2011. According to the estimates of the SVAR model, our key results indicate that emerging countries are expected to take political and economic measures to alleviate the negative effects of the subprime crisis on their industrial sector. In fact, we can say that our results empirically demonstrate that the financial channel is the most important for the emerging countries.
Stages of Behavioral Change for Reducing Sodium Intake in Korean Consumers: Comparison of Characteristics Based on Social Cognitive Theory

High sodium intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the importance of behavioral changes to reducing sodium intake, this study aims to investigate the stages of change and the differences in cognitive and behavioral characteristics by stage in Korean consumers. Adult participants (N = 3892) completed a questionnaire on the stages of behavioral change, recognition of social efforts, outcome expectancy, barriers to practice, nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors, and self-efficiency related to reduced sodium intake. The numbers of participants in each stage of behavioral change for reducing sodium intake was 29.5% in the maintenance stage, 19.5% in the action stage, and 51.0% in the preaction stage that included the precontemplation, contemplation, and preparation stages. Multiple logistic regression showed that the factors differentiating the three stages were recognizing a supportive social environment, perceived barriers to the practice of reducing sodium intake, and self-efficacy to be conscious of sodium content and to request less salt when eating out. Purchasing experience of sodium-reduced products for salty foods, knowledge of the recommended intake of salt and the difference between sodium and salt, and improving dietary habits of eating salted fish, processed food, and salty snacks were factors for being in the action stage versus the preaction stage. These findings suggest that tailored intervention according to the characteristics of each stage is helpful in reducing sodium intake.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Long-Term Outcome and Remodelling after in Situ Fixation

Purpose In primary treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) in situ fixation reliably prevents slip progression. The aim of this study was to examine the long-term outcome of SCFE-patients treated by transfixation with Kirschner wires with a special focus on the remodelling process of the hips under this fixation method. Methods 30 patients with stable SCFE (mean initial slip angle: 29°, mean follow-up: 10 years), who were treated with bilateral transfixation by Kirschner wires, were recruited for this study. At most recent follow-up patients were clinically and radiologically (X-ray and MRI) examined. Medical records were reviewed for previous follow-up time points. Results Range of motion: At most recent follow-up the mean range of motion was: extension/flexion: 0/0/121, abduction/adduction: 44/0/31, external rotation/internal rotation: 39/0/24. Nearly all dimensions of motion significantly improved during the postoperative course. Head-shaft angle: We saw a significant reduction of the mean head-shaft angle from 29° preoperatively to 11° at most recent follow-up (p<0.0001). Harris Hip Score (HHS): 24 patients had an excellent, 3 a good, 2 a fair and 1 a poor outcome defined by HHS. Remodelling: At most recent follow-up 25 patients achieved complete remodelling. The remodelling process took place especially during the first postoperative year. Angle alpha: The mean angle alpha of the affected hips at most recent follow-up was 62°. Conclusions Transfixation with Kirschner wires leads to very good clinical, functional and radiologic results with a low complication rate. Furthermore the femoral head-neck junction retains enough plasticity for an active remodelling process.
Molecular markers for tracking the origin and worldwide distribution of invasive strains of Puccinia striiformis

Abstract Investigating the origin and dispersal pathways is instrumental to mitigate threats and economic and environmental consequences of invasive crop pathogens. In the case of Puccinia striiformis causing yellow rust on wheat, a number of economically important invasions have been reported, e.g., the spreading of two aggressive and high temperature adapted strains to three continents since 2000. The combination of sequence‐characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers, which were developed from two specific AFLP fragments, differentiated the two invasive strains, PstS1 and PstS2 from all other P. striiformis strains investigated at a worldwide level. The application of the SCAR markers on 566 isolates showed that PstS1 was present in East Africa in the early 1980s and then detected in the Americas in 2000 and in Australia in 2002. PstS2 which evolved from PstS1 became widespread in the Middle East and Central Asia. In 2000, PstS2 was detected in Europe, where it never became prevalent. Additional SSR genotyping and virulence phenotyping revealed 10 and six variants, respectively, within PstS1 and PstS2, demonstrating the evolutionary potential of the pathogen. Overall, the results suggested East Africa as the most plausible origin of the two invasive strains. The SCAR markers developed in the present study provide a rapid, inexpensive, and efficient tool to track the distribution of P. striiformis invasive strains, PstS1 and PstS2.
Measuring the homogeneity and similarity of language corpora

Corpus-based methods are now dominant in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Creating big corpora is no longer difficult and the technology to analyze them is growing faster, more robust and more accurate. However, when an NLP application performs well on one corpus, it is unclear whether this level of performance would be maintained on others. To make progress on these questions, we need methods for comparing corpora. This thesis investigates comparison methods based on the notions of corpus homogeneity and similarity.
Communication in Critical Care Environments: Mobile Telephones Improve Patient Care

Most hospital policies prohibiting the use of wireless devices cite reports of disruption of medical equipment by cellular telephones. There have been no studies to determine whether mobile telephones may have a beneficial impact on safety. At the 2003 meeting of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 7878 surveys were distributed to attendees. The five-question survey polled anesthesiologists regarding modes of communication used in the operating room/intensive care unit and experience with communications delays and medical errors. Survey reliability was verified using test-retest analysis and proportion agreement in a convenience sample of 17 anesthesiologists. Four-thousand-eighteen responses were received. The test-retest reliability of the survey instrument was excellent (Kappa = 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.94). Sixty-five percent of surveyed anesthesiologists reported using pagers as their primary mode of communications, whereas only 17% used cellular telephones. Forty-five percent of respondents who use pagers reported delays in communications compared with 31% of cellular telephone users. Cellular telephone use by anesthesiologists is associated with a reduction in the risk of medical error or injury resulting from communication delay (relative risk = 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.6234–0.9649). The small risks of electromagnetic interference between mobile telephones and medical devices should be weighed against the potential benefits of improved communication.