Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
11 8 v 2 2 2 Fe b 20 07 Introduction to decoherence theory

1 The concept of decoherence This introduction to the theory of decoherence is aimed at readers with an interest in the science of quantum information. There, one is usually content with simple, abstract descriptions of non-unitary " quantum channels " to account for imperfections in quantum processing tasks. Nonetheless, in order to justify such models of non-unitary evolution and to understand their limits of applicability it is important to know their physical basis. Accordingly, I will emphasize the dynamic and microscopic origins of the phenomenon of decoherence, and will relate it to concepts from quantum information where applicable, in particular to the theory of quantum measurement. The study of decoherence, though based at the heart of quantum theory, is a relatively young subject. It was initiated in the 1970's and 1980's with the work of H. D. Zeh and W. Zurek on the emergence of classicality in the quantum framework. Until that time the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics dominated, with its strict distinction between the classical macro-scopic world and the microscopic quantum realm. The mainstream attitude concerning the boundary between the quantum and the classical was that this was a purely philosophical problem, intangible by any physical analysis. This changed with the understanding that there is no need for denying quantum mechanics to hold even macroscopically, if one is only able to understand within the framework of quantum mechanics why the macro-world appears to be classical. For instance, macroscopic objects are found in approximate position eigenstates of their center-of-mass, but never in superpositions of macroscopically distinct positions. The original motivation for the study of decoherence was to explain these effective super-selection rules and the apparent emergence of classicality within quantum theory by appreciating the crucial role played by the environment of a quantum system. Hence, the relevant theoretical framework for the study of decoherence is the theory of open quantum systems, which treats the effects of an uncontrollable environment on the quantum evolution. Originally developed to 2 Klaus Hornberger incorporate the phenomena of friction and thermalization in the quantum formulation, it has of course a much longer history than decoherence theory. However, we will see that the intuition and approximations developed in the traditional treatments of open quantum systems are not necessarily appropriate to yield a correct description of decoherence effects, which may take place on a time scale much shorter than typical relaxation phenomena. In a sense, one …
dBRWD3 Regulates Tissue Overgrowth and Ectopic Gene Expression Caused by Polycomb Group Mutations

To maintain a particular cell fate, a unique set of genes should be expressed while another set is repressed. One way to repress gene expression is through Polycomb group (PcG) proteins that compact chromatin into a silent configuration. In addition to cell fate maintenance, PcG proteins also maintain normal cell physiology, for example cell cycle. In the absence of PcG, ectopic activation of the PcG-repressed genes leads to developmental defects and malignant tumors. Little is known about the molecular nature of ectopic gene expression; especially what differentiates expression of a given gene in the orthotopic tissue (orthotopic expression) and the ectopic expression of the same gene due to PcG mutations. Here we present that ectopic gene expression in PcG mutant cells specifically requires dBRWD3, a negative regulator of HIRA/Yemanuclein (YEM)-mediated histone variant H3.3 deposition. dBRWD3 mutations suppress both the ectopic gene expression and aberrant tissue overgrowth in PcG mutants through a YEM-dependent mechanism. Our findings identified dBRWD3 as a critical regulator that is uniquely required for ectopic gene expression and aberrant tissue overgrowth caused by PcG mutations.
The Carnegie Supernova Project: The Low‐Redshift Survey

Supernovae are essential to understanding the chemical evolution of the universe. Type Ia supernovae also provide the most powerful observational tool currently available for studying the expansion history of the universe and the nature of dark energy. Our basic knowledge of supernovae comes from the study of their photometric and spectroscopic properties. However, the presently available data sets of optical and near‐infrared light curves of supernovae are rather small and/or heterogeneous, and employ photometric systems that are poorly characterized. Similarly, there are relatively few supernovae whose spectral evolution has been well sampled, both in wavelength and phase, with precise spectrophotometric observations. The low‐redshift portion of the Carnegie Supernova Project (CSP) seeks to remedy this situation by providing photometry and spectrophotometry of a large sample of supernovae taken on telescope/filter/detector systems that are well understood and well characterized. During a 5 year program that began in 2004 September, we expect to obtain high‐precision u′ g′ r′ i′ BVYJHKs light curves and optical spectrophotometry for about 250 supernovae of all types. In this paper we provide a detailed description of the CSP survey observing and data reduction methodology. In addition, we present preliminary photometry and spectra obtained for a few representative supernovae during the first observing campaign.
FLEXIBILITY IN NEGOTIATION SYSTEMS: AN ARGUMENTATION-BASED APPROACH

Flexible automated negotiation, specially in dynamic, uncertain and unpredictable environments can increase likelihood and quality of agreements and promote agent's properties. For developing flexible negotiation systems, first we should define and formalize flexibility in negotiation. A precise and clear formulation of flexibility in agent-based negotiations has not reported explicitly in the literature. In this paper, we describe the benefits of flexible negotiation and we provide a set of requirements for flexible negotiation in agent-based systems. The main contribution of this paper is an explicit formulation of flexibility in negotiation systems. Based on this formulation a survey and analysis of the existing works in the automated negotiation literature is presented and results are given. Then, according to the proposed formulation, we will show that negotiation systems that are designed and implemented based on argumentation-based approach are flexible and can operate in more dynamic and unpredictable environments.
Efficient VLSI Implementation for Montgomery Multiplication in GF(2 m )

The Montgomery multiplication algorithm without division operations is popular both in prime field GF(p) and Finite field GF(2 m ). However, the Montgomery multiplication algorithm has the time-dependent problem. We will present a time-independent Montgomery multiplication algorithm. The results show that our proposed time-independent Montgomery multiplication algorithm not only saves about 50% time complexity but also saves about 11% space complexity as compared to the traditional Montgomery multiplication algorithm. Our proposed systolic array Montgomery multiplier has simplicity, regularity, modularity, and concurrency, and is very suitable for VLSI implementation.
Monetary Policy and Trade Globalization

I develop a two country general equilibrium model with heterogeneous price-setting firms to understand how shocks to monetary policy and aggregate labor productivity impact trade integration, which I capture through the (inverse) average productivity of exporting firms. A contractionary domestic monetary policy shock raises the average productivity of domestic exporting firms but lowers the average productivity of foreign exporting firms. The magnitude of these changes is greater when governments target domestic price inflation as opposed to consumer price inflation. A positive shock to domestic labor productivity generates positive - although quantitatively small - changes in the average productivity of all exporting firms when consumer price inflation is targeted. When domestic price inflation is targeted, the same shock causes a fall in the average productivity of domestic exporting firms, and a far larger rise in the productivity of foreign exporting firms.
Quantitative methods: advancement in ecological inference

can be found at: Progress in Human Geography Additional services and information for http://phg.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Email Alerts: http://phg.sagepub. com/subscriptions Subscriptions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav Permissions: http://phg.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/25/1/87 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms): (this article cites 8 articles hosted on the Citations
Cell-Penetrating Fragments of the Cdk5 Regulatory Subunit Are Protective in Models of Neurodegeneration

Cdk5 is essential for neuronal differentiation processes in the brain. Activation of Cdk5 requires the association with the mostly neuron-specific p35 or p39. Overactivation of CDK5 by cleavage of p35 into p25 is thought to be involved in neurodegenerative processes. Here, we have tested an approach to inhibit pathological Cdk5 activation with a Tat-linked dominant-negative fragment of p25. It reduced cell death induced by staurosporine and showed a tendency to alleviate manganese-induced cell death, while it did not protect against 6-OHDA toxicity. Our results suggest that the Tat technique is a suitable tool to inhibit dysregulated CDK5.
Molecular Characterization and Expression Profiling of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase Gene Family in Brachypodium distachyon L

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization in the endoplasmic reticulum and functions as a chaperone to inhibit the aggregation of misfolded proteins. Brachypodium distachyon is a widely used model plant for temperate grass species such as wheat and barley. In this work, we report the first molecular characterization, phylogenies, and expression profiles of PDI and PDI-like (PDIL) genes in B. distachyon in different tissues under various abiotic stresses. Eleven PDI and PDIL genes in the B. distachyon genome by in silico identification were evenly distributed across all five chromosomes. The plant PDI family has three conserved motifs that are involved in catalyzing protein disulfide bonding and isomerization, but a different exon/intron structural organization showed a high degree of structural differentiation. Two pairs of genes (BdPDIL4-1 and BdPDIL4-2; BdPDIL7-1 and BdPDIL7-2) contained segmental duplications, indicating each pair originated from one progenitor. Promoter analysis showed that Brachypodium PDI family members contained important cis-acting regulatory elements involved in seed storage protein synthesis and diverse stress response. All Brachypodium PDI genes investigated were ubiquitously expressed in different organs, but differentiation in expression levels among different genes and organs was clear. BdPDIL1-1 and BdPDIL5-1 were expressed abundantly in developing grains, suggesting that they have important roles in synthesis and accumulation of seed storage proteins. Diverse treatments (drought, salt, ABA, and H2O2) induced up- and down-regulated expression of Brachypodium PDI genes in seedling leaves. Interestingly, BdPDIL1-1 displayed significantly up-regulated expression following all abiotic stress treatments, indicating that it could be involved in multiple stress responses. Our results provide new insights into the structural and functional characteristics of the plant PDI gene family.
Optimal Design of Constrained FIR Filters Without Phase Response Specifications

Finite impulse response (FIR) filters without phase response specifications have found many applications in signal processing and communications. It is shown in this paper that the constrained Lp magnitude error design of such an FIR filter is equivalent to a constrained Lp approximation of a given response with a phase equal to that of the optimal filter of the original problem. An iterative method is then proposed to compute that phase by converting the nonconvex constrained Lp magnitude error problem into a series of convex constrained Lp elliptic frequency response error subproblems. It is also shown that the solutions of these convex subproblems converge to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker point of the original problem. The convergence and its model parameter and initial condition dependence are shown through the designs of FIR filters without time-domain constraints. The iterative method is then applied to the minimax design of evidence filters, Nyquist filters, and step response constrained filters, and to the Lp design of pulse shaping filters for ultra-wideband systems. Design examples demonstrate that the proposed method obtains better filters in terms of magnitude error, group delay, and spectrum utilization efficiency than existing methods.
Konrad-zuse-zentrum F ¨ Ur Informationstechnik Berlin Reverse Engineering the 3d Structure and Sensory-evoked Signal Flow of Rat Vibrissal Cortex Reverse Engineering the 3d Structure and Sensory-evoked Signal Flow of Rat Vibrissal Cortex

Soma location, dendrite morphology, and synaptic innervation are key determinants of neuronal function. Unfortunately, conventional functional measurements of sensory-evoked activity in vivo yield limited structural information. In particular, when trying to infer mechanistic principles that underlie perception and behavior, interpretations from functional recordings of individual or small groups of neurons often remain ambiguous without detailed knowledge of the underlying network structures. Here we review a novel reverse engineering approach that allows investigating sensory-evoked signal flow through individual and ensembles of neurons within the context of their surrounding neural networks. To do so, spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity patterns are recorded from individual neurons in vivo. In addition, the complete 3D dendrite and axon projection patterns of such in vivo-characterized neurons are reconstructed and integrated into an anatomically realistic model of the rat vibrissal cortex. This model allows estimating the number and cell type-specific subcellular distribution of synapses on these neurons with 50 µm precision. As a result, each neuron can be described by a rich set of parameters that allows investigating structure-function relationships and simulation experiments at single-neuron and network levels.
A Reply to Zax's (2002) Critique of Grofman and Migalski (1988)

The authors reply to Zax's critique of the double-equation method for ecological regression and of the specific extension to it proposed by Grofman and Migalski. Although Zax does correct two minor errors in Grofman and Migalski's statement of the double-equation approach, neither of those errors affected the final calculations reported in their article. Furthermore, nothing Zax reports affects their fundamental conclusion that double-equation methods can be superior to single-equation techniques if there is substantial error in the measurement of the independent variable. In particular, by analyzing an election for which, from exit polls, the ``true'' parameters of Hispanic and non-Hispanic levels of political cohesion are known, the authors show that double-equation ecological regression estimates derived from registration data are highly accurate in reproducing the true individual-level behavioral parameters (group means).
MUSIK: multimedia service integration framework for smart environments

In this paper we present MUSIK, a MUltimedia Service Integration frameworK to address two important problems associated with smart environments: user mobility and multi-device content delivery. We define multimedia service integration as the concept of intelligently delivering multimedia content and services to a mobile-user equipped with multiple networked computing devices. We argue that the middleware layer is the best place to address this problem and design MUSIK as a proxy based middleware framework. The MUSIK framework relies on the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the basis to provide session mobility for real-time multimedia applications. We also present a prototype implementation of MUSIK and validate user-mobility and multi-device content delivery scenarios through its deployment over real-network test bed.
Frameshift intermediates in homopolymer runs are removed efficiently by yeast mismatch repair proteins

A change in the number of base pairs within a coding sequence can result in a frameshift mutation, which almost invariably eliminates the function of the encoded protein. A frameshift reversion assay with Saccharomyces cerevisiae that can be used to examine the types of insertions and deletions that are generated during DNA replication, as well as the editing functions that remove such replication errors, has been developed. Reversion spectra have been obtained in a wild-type strain and in strains defective for defined components of the postreplicative mismatch repair system (msh2, msh3, msh6, msh3 msh6, pms1, and mih1 mutants). Comparison of the spectra reveals that yeast mismatch repair proteins preferentially remove frameshift intermediates that arise in homopolymer tracts and indicates that some of the proteins have distinct substrate or context specificities.
Redistribution of Mitochondria Leads to Bursts of ATP Production During Spontaneous Mouse Oocyte Maturation

During mammalian oocyte maturation there are marked changes in the distribution of mitochondria that supply the majority of the cellular ATP. Such redistribution of mitochondria is critical for oocyte quality, as oocytes with a poor developmental potential display aberrant mitochondrial distribution and lower ATP levels. Here we have investigated the dynamics of mitochondrial ATP production throughout spontaneous mouse oocyte maturation, using live measurements of cytosolic and mitochondrial ATP levels. We have observed three distinct increases in cytosolic ATP levels temporally associated with discrete events of oocyte maturation. These changes in cytosolic ATP levels are mirrored by changes in mitochondrial ATP levels, suggesting that mitochondrial ATP production is stimulated during oocyte maturation. Strikingly, these changes in ATP levels correlate with the distribution of mitochondria undergoing translocation to the peri‐nuclear region and aggregation into clusters. Mitochondrial clustering during oocyte maturation was concomitant with the formation of long cortical microfilaments and could be disrupted by cytochalasin B treatment. Furthermore, the ATP production bursts observed during oocyte maturation were also inhibited by cytochalasin B suggesting that mitochondrial ATP production is stimulated during oocyte maturation by microfilament‐driven, sub‐cellular targeting of mitochondria. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 672–680, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Triangulation-based indoor robot localization using extended FIR/Kalman filtering

A combined extended finite impulse response (EFIR) and Kalman (EFIR/Kalman) algorithm is proposed for mobile robot localization via triangulation. A distinctive advantage of the EFIR algorithm is that it completely ignores the noise statistics which are typically not well known to the engineer. Instead, it requires an optimal averaging interval of Nopt points. To run this algorithm, several initial Kalman estimates are used for the roughly set noise covariances. We consider a mobile robot travelling on an indoor floorspace and localized via triangulation with three nodes in a view. We show that the EFIR/Kalman filter is more accurate than the extended Kalman filter under the uncertain noise statistics and initial state.
Learning Evasive Maneuvers Using Genetic-Annealing Algorithms

To the problem of evasive maneuver games in the vertical plane, a kind of evasive maneuver games based on genetic-annealing algorithms is presented in this paper. The algorithm combining genetic algorithms with simulated annealing algorithms is named as a genetic-annealing algorithm, which can solve the problems of global optimal searching in a large state space and evaluation problems. The research also provides a new approach for solving complex decision making problems. Simulation results show that the evasive maneuver game based on the genetic-annealing algorithm can effectively realize evasive maneuvers and evade the rival's interception
This information is current as-Deficient Nonobese Diabetic Mice Rag 1 Underlies Leukemia Initiation in Loss of T Cell Progenitor Checkpoint Control

NOD mice exhibit major defects in the earliest stages of T cell development in the thymus. Genome-wide genetic and transcriptome analyses were used to investigate the origins and consequences of an early T cell developmental checkpoint breakthrough in Rag1-deficient NOD mice. Quantitative trait locus analysis mapped the presence of checkpoint breakthrough cells to several known NOD diabetes susceptibility regions, particularly insulin-dependent diabetes susceptibility genes (Idd)9/11 on chromosome 4, suggesting common genetic origins for T cell defects affecting this trait and autoimmunity. Genome-wide RNA deep-se-quencing of NOD and B6 Rag1-deficient thymocytes revealed the effects of genetic background prior to breakthrough, as well as the cellular consequences of the breakthrough. Transcriptome comparison between the two strains showed enrichment in differentially expressed signal transduction genes, prominently tyrosine kinase and actin-binding genes, in accord with their divergent sensitivities to activating signals. Emerging NOD breakthrough cells aberrantly expressed both stem cell–associated proto-oncogenes, such as Lmo2, Hhex, Lyl1, and Kit, which are normally repressed at the commitment checkpoint, and post–b-selection checkpoint genes, including Cd2 and Cd5. Coexpression of genes characteristic of multipotent progenitors and more mature T cells persists in the expanding population of thymocytes and in the thymic leukemias that emerge with age in these mice. These results show that Rag1-deficient NOD thymocytes have T cell defects that can collapse regulatory boundaries at two early T cell checkpoints, which may predispose them to both leukemia and autoimmunity. A ll T cells arise from a small pool of multipotent progenitors , which undergo proliferation and tightly controlled developmental programming induced and sustained by interactions with the thymic environment rich in Notch ligands and cytokines (1, 2). Thymic precursors are CD4 and CD8 double-negative (DN), and they are defined by sequential changes in surface Kit (CD117), CD25, and CD44 into stages: DN1 (or early T cell progenitor, ETP; Kit hi CD44 hi CD25 2), DN2 (Kit hi CD44 hi CD25 +), DN3 (Kit lo CD44 lo CD25 +), and DN4 (Kit lo CD44 lo CD25 lo) (3, 4). A TCR-independent commitment checkpoint has recently been identified within the DN2 stage, marked by decreased Kit expression from the multipotent DN2a stage to the committed DN2b stage (5) and dependent on Bcl11b (6, 7). DN2a cells, similar to more immature DN1/ETP cells, undergo proliferative expansion and express legacy stem/progenitor genes such as Kit, Lyl1, Tal1, Gfi1b, and Sfpi1 (PU.1). These features decline sharply in the DN2b/DN3 stages when T …
Trusted Gossip:A Rumor Resistant Dissemination Mechanism for Peer-to-Peer Information Sharing

Epidemic protocols such as gossip have proven to have many desirable properties for information sharing. However, trust is one of the issues that is yet to be examined with respect to these protocols. In this paper, we present a trusted gossip protocol that uses trust estimates to impede spreading of rumors with reasonable message and processing overheads. We use traces collected from known social networks to estimate the performance of trusted gossip.