Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fossil evidence for Cretaceous escalation in angiosperm leaf vein evolution

The flowering plants that dominate modern vegetation possess leaf gas exchange potentials that far exceed those of all other living or extinct plants. The great divide in maximal ability to exchange CO2 for water between leaves of nonangiosperms and angiosperms forms the mechanistic foundation for speculation about how angiosperms drove sweeping ecological and biogeochemical change during the Cretaceous. However, there is no empirical evidence that angiosperms evolved highly photosynthetically active leaves during the Cretaceous. Using vein density (DV) measurements of fossil angiosperm leaves, we show that the leaf hydraulic capacities of angiosperms escalated several-fold during the Cretaceous. During the first 30 million years of angiosperm leaf evolution, angiosperm leaves exhibited uniformly low vein DV that overlapped the DV range of dominant Early Cretaceous ferns and gymnosperms. Fossil angiosperm vein densities reveal a subsequent biphasic increase in DV. During the first mid-Cretaceous surge, angiosperm DV first surpassed the upper bound of DV limits for nonangiosperms. However, the upper limits of DV typical of modern megathermal rainforest trees first appear during a second wave of increased DV during the Cretaceous-Tertiary transition. Thus, our findings provide fossil evidence for the hypothesis that significant ecosystem change brought about by angiosperms lagged behind the Early Cretaceous taxonomic diversification of angiosperms.
Automatic text detection and tracking in digital video

Text that appears in a scene or is graphically added to video can provide an important supplemental source of index information as well as clues for decoding the video's structure and for classification. In this work, we present algorithms for detecting and tracking text in digital video. Our system implements a scale-space feature extractor that feeds an artificial neural processor to detect text blocks. Our text tracking scheme consists of two modules: a sum of squared difference (SSD)-based module to find the initial position and a contour-based module to refine the position. Experiments conducted with a variety of video sources show that our scheme can detect and track text robustly.
Adverse effects of interactions between antidepressants and medications used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate harmful interactions between antidepressants and medications used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders. METHODS The analysis of 66 cases of adverse reactions with a clinical picture indicating, to a degree that is probable or certain, that they were the result of the combination of antidepressant with cardiovascular medication. RESULTS The most common side effect (n = 25, 37.9%) was bradycardia (and other side effects of beta blockers) as a consequence of addition of metoprolol or propranolol to SSRI or bupropion. In one case combination of fluoxetine with propranolol resulted in cardiac arrest. We observed 8 cases of intensified side effects of amlodipine (swelling of lower limbs, headaches) after its combination with: fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine, and occurrence of myalgia, elevated aminotransferase levels, polyuria and hypotension after combination of lercanidipine with some of the SSRIs. We also found i.a. worsening of propafenone tolerance in combination with venlafaxine or bupropion, 2 cases of granulopenia associated with duloxetine-propafenone combination, 2 cases of hemorrhagic complications associated with the combination of vortioxetine-warfarin, 1 case of hyponatremia associated with the combination of vortioxetine and hydrochlorothiazide, as well as antagonizing clonidine's hypotensive effect by mirtazapine, and peripheral thrombosis following the combination of warfarin with trazodone. CONCLUSIONS Because of ahigh risk of interactions and related adverse effects, especially in older patients, each decision regarding combination of a particular antidepressant with a medication used in treatment of cardiovascular disorders should be preceded by a detailed analysis of safety and risk-benefit ratio, and also be associated with the search for the safest, alternative combinations of the above-mentioned medications.
Direct identification of base-paired RNA nucleotides by correlated chemical probing

Many RNA molecules fold into complex secondary and tertiary structures that play critical roles in biological function. Among the best-established methods for examining RNA structure are chemical probing experiments, which can report on local nucleotide structure in a concise and extensible manner. While probing data are highly useful for inferring overall RNA secondary structure, these data do not directly measure through-space base-pairing interactions. We recently introduced an approach for single-molecule correlated chemical probing with dimethyl sulfate (DMS) that measures RNA interaction groups by mutational profiling (RING-MaP). RING-MaP experiments reveal diverse through-space interactions corresponding to both secondary and tertiary structure. Here we develop a framework for using RING-MaP data to directly and robustly identify canonical base pairs in RNA. When applied to three representative RNAs, this framework identified 20%–50% of accepted base pairs with a <10% false discovery rate, allowing detection of 88% of duplexes containing four or more base pairs, including pseudoknotted pairs. We further show that base pairs determined from RING-MaP analysis significantly improve secondary structure modeling. RING-MaP-based correlated chemical probing represents a direct, experimentally concise, and accurate approach for detection of individual base pairs and helices and should greatly facilitate structure modeling for complex RNAs.
Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology

We present aperture-matched point-spread function (PSF)-corrected BVi′z′JH photometry and Bayesian photometric redshifts (BPZ) for objects detected in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF), 8042 of which are detected at the 10 σ level (e.g., i′ < 29.01 or z′ < 28.43). Most of our objects are defined identically to those in the public STScI catalogs, enabling a straightforward object-by-object comparison. We have combined detections from i′, z′, J + H, and B + V + i′ + z′ images into a single comprehensive segmentation map. Using a new program called SExSeg, we are able to force this segmentation map into SExtractor for photometric analysis. The resulting photometry is corrected for the wider NIC3 PSFs using our ColorPro software. We also correct for the ACS z′-band PSF halo. Offsets are applied to our NIC3 magnitudes, which are found to be too faint relative to the ACS fluxes. Based on BPZ spectral energy distribution (SED) fits to objects of known spectroscopic redshift, we derived corrections of -0.30 ± 0.03 mag in J and -0.18 ± 0.04 mag in H. Our offsets appear to be supported by a recent recalibration of the UDF NIC3 images combined with nonlinearity measured in NICMOS itself. The UDF reveals a large population of faint blue galaxies (presumably young starbursts), bluer than those observed in the original Hubble Deep Fields. To accommodate these galaxies, we have added two new starburst templates to the SED library used in previous BPZ papers. The resulting photometric redshifts are accurate to within 0.04(1 + zspec) out to z < 6. Our BPZ results include a full redshift probability distribution for each galaxy. By adding these distributions, we obtain the redshift probability histogram for galaxies in the UDF. Median redshifts are also provided for different magnitude-limited samples. Finally, we measure galaxy morphology, including Sérsic index and asymmetry. Simulations allow us to quantify the reliability of our morphological results. Our full catalog, along with our software packages SExSeg and ColorPro, is available from our ACS Web site.
Effects of Light Intensity Activity on CVD Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies

The effects of light intensity physical activity (LIPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors remain to be established. This review summarizes the effects of LIPA on CVD risk factors and CVD-related markers in adults. A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Academic Search Complete, SPORTDiscus, and CINAHL) examining LIPA and CVD risk factors (body composition, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, and lipid profile) and CVD-related markers (maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2) published between 1970 and 2015 was performed on 15 March 2015. A total of 33 intervention studies examining the effect of LIPA on CVD risk factors and markers were included in this review. Results indicated that LIPA did not improve CVD risk factors and CVD-related markers in healthy individuals. LIPA was found to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure in physically inactive populations with a medical condition. Reviewed studies show little support for the role of LIPA to reduce CVD risk factors. Many of the included studies were of low to fair study quality and used low doses of LIPA. Further studies are needed to establish the value of LIPA in reducing CVD risk.
Mental health, life functioning and risk factors among people exposed to frequent natural disasters and chronic poverty in Vietnam

Background People living in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are at increased risk for exposure to major natural disasters, which places them at increased risk for mental health problems. Evidence is less clear, however, regarding the effects of less severe but more frequent natural disasters, which are likely to increase due to global climate change. Aims To examine the mental health and life functioning, and their predictors, of people living in central coastal Vietnam – an area characterised by high risk for natural disasters and poverty. Method One thousand individuals were randomly selected from five provinces in central coastal Vietnam. Individuals were assessed cross-sectionally for exposure to major storms and other traumatic events (Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale, or PDS), financial stress (Chronic Financial Stress Scale), depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PDS), somatic syndrome (SCL-90-R), alcohol dependence (ICD-10), self-perceived general physical health (SF-36), and functional impairment (PDS life functioning section); caseness was determined using the various measures' algorithms. Results 22.7% of the sample (n=227) met caseness criteria in one or more mental health domains, and 22.1% (n=221) reported moderate to severe functional impairment. Lifetime exposure to typhoons and other major storms was 99% (n=978), with 77% (n=742) reporting traumatic major storm exposure. Moderate to high levels of financial stress were reported by 30% (n=297). Frequency of exposure to major storms was not associated with increased risk for mental health problems but traumatic exposure to a major storm was. Overall, the strongest predictor of mental health problems was financial stress. Number of traumatic typhoons and other major storms in turn were significant predictors (r 2=0.03) of financial stress. The primary predictor of alcohol dependence was male gender, highlighting the importance of gender roles in development of alcohol abuse in countries like Vietnam. Conclusions Individuals living in central coastal Vietnam have elevated rates of PTSD, somatic syndrome, and functional impairment but not depression or anxiety. Financial stress was the strongest predictor of mental health problems. Results suggest the importance of conducting broad assessments when providing mental health support for disaster-impacted communities. Study results suggest that one indirect consequence of predicted global climate change may be increased prevalence of mental health problems in communities such as that assessed in the present study, due to increased risk for traumatic storm-related exposure and through indirect effects on financial stress, but not through a general increased risk for major storms. Such results also indicate that when supporting LMIC communities that have experienced natural disasters, it will be important to consider the broader community context including poverty, in addition to the direct effects of the disaster.
Evidential combination of pedestrian detectors

The importance of pedestrian detection in many applications has led to the development of many algorithms. In this paper, we address the problem of combining the outputs of several detectors. A pre-trained pedestrian detector is seen as a black box returning a set of bounding boxes with associated scores. A calibration step is first conducted to transform those scores into a probability measure. The bounding boxes are then grouped into clusters and their scores are combined. Different combination strategies using the theory of belief functions are proposed and compared to probabilistic ones. A combination rule based on triangular norms is used to deal with dependencies among detectors. More than 30 state-of-the-art detectors were combined and tested on the Caltech Pedestrian Detection Benchmark. The best combination strategy outperforms the currently best performing detector by 9% in terms of log-average miss rate.
Aggression, peer relationships, and depression in Chinese children: a multiwave longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND Largely due to methodological problems in existing studies, issues concerning causal directions and confounding factors, such as the stability effect, remain to be clarified in the relations among aggression, peer relationships, and psychological adjustment. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine (a) reciprocal direct and indirect effects among aggression, peer relationships, and depression based on a full cross-lagged model with the stability effect controlled, and (b) moderating effects of initial status on the growth of the variables. METHOD A sample of Chinese children (N = 1,162) participated in the study. Four waves of longitudinal panel data were collected from the participants in ages 9-12 years from multiple sources including peer assessments, teacher ratings, sociometric nominations, and self-reports. RESULTS Aggression negatively contributed, in both direct and indirect manners, to later peer relationships, and positively contributed to depression in late childhood. Peer relationships had negative direct and indirect effects on later aggression and depression. In addition, the initial level of aggression moderated the growth pattern of peer relationships. CONCLUSIONS Early social and behavioral problems have proximal as well as long-term cross-domain effects on individual development. Moreover, children's early behavioral characteristics may serve to facilitate the development of social competence and exacerbate the development of social problems. The study provided valuable information about how the important aspects of socioemotional functioning were associated with each other in Chinese children from a developmental perspective.
Artificial dendritic compartment using translinear circuits

In order to integrate an artificial neuron on a silicon chip, a key step is to model one of its most important parts, the dendrite. The dendrite is the receiver interface for incoming stimuli. Several models exist for the electrical behavior of this part of the neuron including the well known Hodgkin-Huxley (H-H) equations. This set of equations translate the all-or-none phenomena of action potential generation. Action potentials are only generated when a sufficiently large stimulus is applied to the dendrite. In this case the action potential is propagated actively to the cell body. The H-H equations are difficult to implement directly in microelectronics. However, after simplification to ChebPade polynomials it becomes possible to implement these using dynamic translinear (DTL) circuits. The research presented in this paper shows that it is possible to emulate a biological dendrite using dynamic translinear circuits and gives a good overview of the design trajectory for translinear systems. The circuit can be used for realtime simulation of many biological phenomena and in biomedical applications.
A Two-layer Feedback Vision Sparse Coding Model Based on Multilayer Perceptrons

Neural representation and computation in primary vision cortex are important and also uncovered questions in vision research. Though sparse coding and independent component analysis have been successfully used to explain the receptive field of simple-cell in VI, they are forward and static model. In this paper, we put forward a novel two-layer feedback sparse coding model (briefly as TLF-SC). TLF-SC model transforms the visual stimuli combining the independence principle and feedback of higher-layer perceptron. TLF-SC model is experimented on the simulation data set and natural image set, and the results demonstrate that outputs of independent components layer ( ICL ) in TLF-SC not only have good statistical independence, but also have good discriminability for classification task. In biological viewpoint, TLF-SC model is more accordance with the dynamic and interactive characteristics of primary visual cortex. In the same time for application, it also has good potential in feature extraction and classification problems
A Self-applicable Partial Evaluator for Asm

This paper presents an ooine partial evaluator for Abstract State Machines. Self-application is possible by means of a simpliied version of the partial evaluator written in ASM itself. Using self-application, we have generated compilers for small languages from their interpreter deenitions. We also present techniques for describing the semantics of programming languages, in a way suitable for partial evaluation.
Reversible Image Watermarking using Bit Plane Coding and Lifting Wavelet Transform

†† Summary This paper proposes a distortionless image data hiding algorithm based on integer wavelet transform that can hide data into the original image . The data can be retrieved and the original image can be recovered without any distortion after the hidden data are extracted. This algorithm hides data into one or more middle bit-plane(s) of the integer wavelet transform coefficients in the LH, HL and HH frequency sub bands. It can embed more data into the bit planes and also has the necessary imperceptibility requirement. The image histogram modification may be used to prevent grayscales from possible overflow or underflow. Experimental results have demonstrated the performance of the algorithm.
Genome-Wide Analysis of the miRNA–mRNAs Network Involved in Cold Tolerance in Populus simonii × P. nigra

Background: Cold tolerance is important for plants’ geographical distribution and survival in extreme seasonal variations of climate. However, Populus simonii × P. nigra shows wide adaptability and strong cold resistance. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of cold-responsive genes is crucial for cold tolerance in plants. To understand the roles of regulatory RNAs under cold induction in Populus simonii × P. nigra, we constructed cDNA and small RNA libraries from leaf buds treated or not with −4 °C for 8 h for analysis. Results: Through high-throughput sequencing and differential expression analysis, 61 miRNAs and 1229 DEGs were identified under cold induction condition in Populus simonii × P. nigra. The result showed that miR167a, miR1450, miR319a, miR395b, miR393a-5p, miR408-5p, and miR168a-5p were downregulated, whereas transcription level of miR172a increased under the cold treatment. Thirty-one phased-siRNA were also obtained (reads ≥ 4) and some of them proceeded from TAS3 loci. Analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that transcription factor genes such as Cluster-15451.2 (putative MYB), Cluster-16493.29872 (putative bZIP), Cluster-16493.29175 (putative SBP), and Cluster-1378.1 (putative ARF) were differentially expressed in cold treated and untreated plantlets of Populus simonii × P. nigra. Integrated analysis of miRNAs and transcriptome showed miR319, miR159, miR167, miR395, miR390, and miR172 and their target genes, including MYB, SBP, bZIP, ARF, LHW, and ATL, were predicted to be involved in ARF pathway, SPL pathway, DnaJ related photosystem II, and LRR receptor kinase, and many of them are known to resist chilling injury. Particularly, a sophisticated regulatory model including miRNAs, phasiRNAs, and targets of them was set up. Conclusions: Integrated analysis of miRNAs and transcriptome uncovered the complicated regulation of the tolerance of cold in Populus simonii × P. nigra. MiRNAs, phasiRNAs, and gene-encoded transcription factors were characterized at a whole genome level and their expression patterns were proved to be complementary. This work lays a foundation for further research of the pathway of sRNAs and regulatory factors involved in cold tolerance.
Dissociation of Renal Nerve and Excretory Responses to Volume Expansion in Prehypertensive Dahl Salt‐Sensitive and Dahl Salt‐Resistant Rats

Prehypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats on low sodium diet have impaired baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary receptor function as compared with Dahl salt-resistant control rats. We tested whether these abnormalities influenced the ability of conscious prehypertensive Dahl saltsensitive rats to excrete a moderate intravenous isotonic saline volume load (0.9% NaCl, 3% body weight i.v.). During control, 30-minute volume expansion, and 2-hour recovery periods, arterial blood pressure and heart rate did not change. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow remained stable throughout control and recovery. The amount of the volume load excreted as either water or sodium was the same for Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats with either denervated or innervated kidneys. The time course of water and sodium excretion was similar in Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity, however, showed different patterns. Although the initial decrease in renal sympathetic nerve activity during volume expansion was similar for both groups, Dahl salt-sensitive rats exhibited a prompt return of renal sympathetic nerve activity to control levels, whereas renal sympathetic nerve activity in Dahl salt-resistant rats remained decreased throughout the recovery period. The rapid recovery of renal sympathetic nerve activity to control levels after volume expansion in Dahl salt-sensitive rats supports the concept of impaired cardiopulmonary receptor function in these rats. The similar diuretic and natriuretic responses to moderate intravenous isotonic saline volume expansion in all four groups (Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant, intact and denervated) despite markedly different renal sympathetic nerve activity responses suggest a decreased responsiveness of the kidney in both Dahl salt-sensitive and Dahl salt-resistant rats to altered neural input.
INITIAL VERIFICATION FOR THE ZY-3 SATELLITE POST-PROCESSING ATTITUDE ACCURACY

Attitude accuracy is one of the key factors that influence satellite mapping accuracy. By use of the raw data of the star tracker and the inertial gyro downloaded from ZY-3 satellite, the Forward-Backward smoothing filter with Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is applied and implemented for attitude post-processing to improve the attitude accuracy of ZY3 satellite in this paper. The experiments for comparing with on-board attitude with the geometric positioning accuracy without ground control points (GCPs) are implemented. The result indicates that the post-processing attitude accuracy has achieved a better level than the on-board processing.