Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[The PEEP wave: an automated technic for bedside determination of the volume/pressure ratio in the lungs of ventilated patients].

The volume/pressure (V/P) ratio in the lungs has been reported to be useful in the adjustment of mechanical ventilation equipment to suit individual pulmonary mechanics. Most of the techniques used so far (e.g. the super-syringe technique) need an apneic period of approximately 60-120 s, in which the pulmonary gas volume is reduced by the continuing oxygen uptake. Thus, a bias of 200-400 ml in volume is superimposed on the record. In contrast to the super-syringe technique, a new automatic procedure has been developed for which no apneic period is needed. This technique is called the PEEP wave technique: it is based on the imbalance between inspiratory and expiratory volumes after a sudden change in PEEP. The software of a Dräger Evita respirator was adapted to allow automatic application of a special sequence of respiratory cycles with stepwise increase and decreases in PEEP between two preselectable borderline levels. The equipment is switched to the next PEEP level when the difference between two consecutive expiratory tidal volumes is less than 15 ml. After the highest level of PEEP is reached the procedure is reversed until PEEP returns to its initial value. Constant inspiratory tidal volumes (Vti) are achieved by a high pressure servo valve (HPSV) under conditions of chocked flow, resulting in inspiratory tidal volumes which are independent of back-pressure. Thus, only the difference in expiratory tidal volumes (Vte) before and after a PEEP change is necessary to determine gain and loss in lung volume (delta FRC). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Noncontact temperature monitoring of semiconductors by optical absorption edge sensing

Remote, noncontact temperature monitoring of semiconductors may be achieved by near infrared reflection spectroscopy of a wafer during processing. A technique is described which relies on the temperature dependence of the optical absorption edge characteristic of most semiconductors in conjunction with internal reflection at the interface between the wafer bulk and the vacuum/dielectric/device. Results are presented which demonstrate application of the technique to silicon wafers with a broad range of back surface properties such as single and double layer dielectrics. The measurements were carried out in situ during process in both a PVD metallization chamber and a plasma etch chamber, over the temperature range from 20 to 570 degree(s)C.
Formal worst-case timing analysis of Ethernet TSN's burst-limiting shaper

Future in-vehicle networks will use Ethernet as their communication backbone. As many automotive applications are latency-sensitive and have strict real-time requirements, a key challenge in automotive network design is the deterministic low-latency transport of latency-critical Ethernet frames. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) is an upcoming set of Ethernet standards, which address these requirements by specifying new quality of service mechanisms in the form of different traffic shapers. One of these traffic shapers is the burst-limiting shaper (BLS). In this paper, we evaluate whether BLS is able to fulfill these strict timing requirements. We present a formal timing analysis for BLS in order to compute worst-case latency bounds. We use a realistic automotive Ethernet setup to compare BLS against Ethernet AVB and Ethernet following IEEE 802.1Q.
Aligning Texts and Knowledge Bases with Semantic Sentence Simplification

Finding the natural language equivalent of structured data is both a challenging and promising task. In particular, an efficient alignment of knowledge bases with texts would benefit many applications, including natural language generation, information retrieval and text simplification. In this paper, we present an approach to build a dataset of triples aligned with equivalent sentences written in natural language. Our approach consists of three main steps. First, target sentences are annotated automatically with knowledge base (KB) concepts and instances. The triples linking these elements in the KB are extracted as candidate facts to be aligned with the annotated sentence. Second, we use textual mentions referring to the subject and object of these facts to semantically simplify the target sentence via crowdsourcing. Third, the sentences provided by different contributors are post-processed to keep only the most relevant simplifications for the alignment with KB facts. We present different filtering methods, and share the constructed datasets in the public domain. These datasets contain 1050 sentences aligned with 1885 triples. They can be used to train natural language generators as well as semantic or contextual text simplifiers.
Regular expression generation through grammatical evolution

This study investigates automatic regular expression generation using Grammatical Evolution. The software implementation is based on a subset of POSIX regular expression rules. For fitness calculation, a multiline text file is supplied. Lines which are required to match with generated regular expressions are specified beforehand. Fitness is evaluated according to the successful match results. Using this fitness evaluation strategy, preliminary tests have been performed on different files. Results indicate that the Grammatical Evolution approach to automatic generation of regular expressions is promising.
Controlling Effective Introns for Multi-Agent Learning by Genetic Programming

This paper presents the emergence of the cooperative behavior for multiple agents by means of Genetic Programming (GP). For the purpose of evolving the effective cooperative behavior, we propose a controlling strategy of introns, which are non-executed code segments dependent upon the situation. The traditional approach to removing introns was able to cope with only a part of syntactically defined introns, which excluded other frequent types of introns. The validness of our approach is discussed with comparative experiments with robot simulation tasks, i.e., a navigation problem and an escape problem.
Security-Aware Packet Scheduling Scheme with Multi-Level Queuing and RSA

Emerging security-aware packet scheduling algorithms can efficiently improve the security measures while forwarding the packets over wireless links. Existing scheduling algorithms for real-time wireless networks are not capable of providing higher level of security. The proposed methodology overcomes the difficulties in the existing scheduling algorithm with the security enhancements. A multilevel queue scheduling algorithm is used to partition the ready queue into several separate queues.For security reasons, the proposed methodology uses the RSA algorithm for encrypting and decrypting the packets. The proposed Security-aware Packet Scheduling (SPS) methodology strives to improve the security levels while achieving high schedulability for real-time packets. The proposed model reduces the congestion occurred during scheduling the packets.The performance of the proposed method results better security than the existing Quality Based Searching algorithm. Also, the system takes lesser time, reduces congestion and traffic also provides higher arrival rate for scheduling the packets. Index Terms: Encryption, Decryption, Multilevel queue scheduling, RSA, Real-time packets, andScheduling algorithms
Common Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative Reference

Suppose a speaker gestures toward four flowers and asks a listener, "How would you describe the color of this f lower? " How does the listener infer which of the four flowers is being referred to? It is proposed that he selects the one he judges to be most salient with respect to the speaker 's and his common ground-the i r mutual knowledge, beliefs, and suppositions. In a field experiment, it was found that listeners would accept demonstrative references (like this flower) with more than one potential referent. Three further experiments showed that listeners select referents based on estimates of their mutual beliefs about perceptual salience, the speaker 's goals, and the speaker 's presuppositions and assertions. Common ground, it is argued, is necessary in general for understanding demonstrative reference.
An advanced driver assistance system for improving driver ability. Design and test in virtual environment

This work presents initial findings of a research project aimed at designing an assistance system able to improve driver ability and reduce accident risk. The proposed system is an innovative Advanced Driver Assistance System based on the integration of two main components: a training procedure based on precision teaching, and a control equipment monitoring driver behavior and providing feedbacks during regular driving and in critical traffic conditions. With reference to the first component, two driving simulator experiments were designed and implemented. Experiments aimed at demonstrating the effectiveness of precision teaching for training drivers and observing the effectiveness of the feedbacks system in enhancing vehicle control. Vehicle lateral position was considered as main dependent measure. Feedbacks were successful in improving vehicle position within the lane with lateral variability being reduced after three trials.
[POSTER] Augmented Wire Routing Navigation for Wire Assembly

Within modern manufacturing, digital solutions are needed to optimize and aid shop floor processes. This includes user-centered technologies that can be appropriately integrated into factory environments to assist in the efficiency of manufacturing tasks. In this paper, we present a dynamic system to support the electrical wiring assembly of commercial aircraft. Specifically, we describe the system design, which aims to improve the productivity of factory operators through the integration of wearable and mobile solutions. An evaluation of the augmented reality component of our system using a pair of smart glasses is reported with 12 participants, as we describe important interaction issues in the ongoing development of this work.
Dietary, Anthropometric, and Biochemical Determinants of Plasma High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Free-Living Adults

The level of high-density lipoprotein is thought to be critical in inhibiting lesion formation as well as reducing the lipid load of preexisting atherosclerotic lesions. With the aim of determining the main determinants of plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c) in free-living adults, 997 individuals (52.3 ± 10 years, 67% females) were selected for a descriptive cross-sectional study. The used data corresponded to the baseline obtained from participants clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program. Covariables of clinical, anthropometry, food intake, aerobic fitness, and plasma biochemistry were analyzed against plasma HDL-c either as continuous or categorized variables. After adjustments for age, gender, and BMI the excess of abdominal fat along with high carbohydrate-energy intake and altered plasma triglycerides were the stronger predictors of reduced plasma HDL-c. In conclusion lifestyle interventions aiming to normalize abdominal fatness and plasma triglycerides are recommended to restore normal levels of HDL-c in these free-living adults.
Narrative for artifacts: transcending context and self

We discuss the importance of narrative intelligence (story-awareness, story-telling, historical grounding) in regard to an agent’s transcendence of its immediate local temporal context to create a broad temporal horizon in which the experience and future of the agent can be accounted for, together with the advantage that narrative provides to sociality by making the experience of others available without the risk of having to undergo the experience for one’s self. Concepts and consequences for the design of artifacts are surveyed, together with a brief description of a formal algebraic framework aording support for narrative grounding.
Influence of Acute Eccentric Exercise on the H:Q Ratio

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an acute bout of eccentric exercise on maximal isokinetic concentric peak torque (PT) of the leg flexors and extensors and the hamstrings-to-quadriceps (H:Q) strength ratio. Sixteen male (mean±SD: age=20.9±2 years; stature=177.0±4.4 cm; mass=76.8±10.0 kg) volunteers performed maximal, concentric isokinetic leg extension and flexion muscle actions at 60°·sec − 1 before and after (24–72 h) a bout of eccentric exercise. The eccentric exercise protocol consisted of 4 sets of 10 repetitions for the leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises at 120% of the concentric one repetition maximum (1-RM). The results indicated that the acute eccentric exercise protocol resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in isokinetic leg flexion (13–19%) and leg extension (11–16%) PT 24–72 h post-exercise. However, the H:Q ratios were unaltered by the eccentric exercise protocol. These findings suggest that an acute bout of eccentric exercise utilizing both multi – and single – joint dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) exercises results in similar decreases in maximal isokinetic strength of the leg flexors and extensors, but does not alter the H:Q ratio.
Genetic Dissection of Ethanol Tolerance in the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Uncovering genetic control of variation in ethanol tolerance in natural populations of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for understanding the evolution of fermentation, the dominant lifestyle of the species, and for improving efficiency of selection for strains with high ethanol tolerance, a character of great economic value for the brewing and biofuel industries. To date, as many as 251 genes have been predicted to be involved in influencing this character. Candidacy of these genes was determined from a tested phenotypic effect following gene knockout, from an induced change in gene function under an ethanol stress condition, or by mutagenesis. This article represents the first genomics approach for dissecting genetic variation in ethanol tolerance between two yeast strains with a highly divergent trait phenotype. We developed a simple but reliable experimental protocol for scoring the phenotype and a set of STR/SNP markers evenly covering the whole genome. We created a mapping population comprising 319 segregants from crossing the parental strains. On the basis of the data sets, we find that the tolerance trait has a high heritability and that additive genetic variance dominates genetic variation of the trait. Segregation at five QTL detected has explained ∼50% of phenotypic variation; in particular, the major QTL mapped on yeast chromosome 9 has accounted for a quarter of the phenotypic variation. We integrated the QTL analysis with the predicted candidacy of ethanol resistance genes and found that only a few of these candidates fall in the QTL regions.
dFMRP and Caprin, translational regulators of synaptic plasticity, control the cell cycle at the Drosophila mid-blastula transition

The molecular mechanisms driving the conserved metazoan developmental shift referred to as the mid-blastula transition (MBT) remain mysterious. Typically, cleavage divisions give way to longer asynchronous cell cycles with the acquisition of a gap phase. In Drosophila, rapid synchronous nuclear divisions must pause at the MBT to allow the formation of a cellular blastoderm through a special form of cytokinesis termed cellularization. Drosophila Fragile X mental retardation protein (dFMRP; FMR1), a transcript-specific translational regulator, is required for cellularization. The role of FMRP has been most extensively studied in the nervous system because the loss of FMRP activity in neurons causes the misexpression of specific mRNAs required for synaptic plasticity, resulting in mental retardation and autism in humans. Here, we show that in the early embryo dFMRP associates specifically with Caprin, another transcript-specific translational regulator implicated in synaptic plasticity, and with eIF4G, a key regulator of translational initiation. dFMRP and Caprin collaborate to control the cell cycle at the MBT by directly mediating the normal repression of maternal Cyclin B mRNA and the activation of zygotic frühstart mRNA. These findings identify two new targets of dFMRP regulation and implicate conserved translational regulatory mechanisms in processes as diverse as learning, memory and early embryonic development.
In vitro evaluation of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides targeted to the E2 mRNA of papillomavirus: potential treatment for genital warts

Papillomaviruses induce benign proliferative lesions, such as genital warts, in humans. The E2 gene product is thought to play a major role in the regulation of viral transcription and DNA replication and may represent a rational target for an antisense oligonucleotide drug action. Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides complementary to E2 mRNAs were synthesized and tested in a series of in vitro bovine papillomavirus (BPV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) models for the ability to inhibit E2 transactivation and virus-induced focus formation. The most active BPV-specific compounds were complementary to the mRNA cap region (ISIS 1751), the translation initiation region for the full-length E2 transactivator (ISIS 1753), and the translation initiation region for the E2 transrepressor mRNA (ISIS 1755). ISIS 1751 and ISIS 1753 were found to reduce E2-dependent transactivation and viral focus formation in a sequence-specific and concentration-dependent manner. ISIS 1755 increased E2 transactivation in a dose-dependent manner but had no effect on focus formation. Oligonucleotides with a chain length of 20 residues had optimal activity in the E2 transactivation assay. On the basis of the above observations, ISIS 2105, a 20-residue phosphorothioate oligonucleotide targeted to the translation initiation of both HPV type 6 (HPV-6) and HPV-11 E2 mRNA, was designed and shown to inhibit E2-dependent transactivation by HPV-11 E2 expressed from a surrogate promoter. These observations support the rationale of E2 as a target for antiviral therapy against papillomavirus infections and specifically identify ISIS 2105 as a candidate antisense oligonucleotide for the treatment of genital warts induced by HPV-6 and HPV-11.
Individual differences in usability of cell phone SMS menus

Nowadays there are wide range and different cell phones but there are not any standardized produced cell phones. Menu systems of the cell phones create complications according to usability of the cell phone user interfaces. One of the main usability problems is encountered in SMS (short messaging services) sending procedure. In this study, we investigated usability issues of the SMS sending menu hierarchies and functions of the cell phones. Individual differences, technological experiences, symbol perception test, previous cell phone usage experiences and SMS sending frequencies of the subjects are observed and evaluated in the laboratory environment. Also, subjects ordered to perform SMS sending according to the well defined scenario. During the implementation of this scenario, SMS sending performances and subject satisfactions are evaluated by help of the inventories. Scope of this work includes sort of observations, implementation of the inventories and questionnaires by different data collection methodologies. These dependent and independent variables are evaluated with sort of statistical methods. Pearson correlation values and ANOVA results show us that there is a significant correlation between extraversion personality types with SMS sending frequency. Also, we observed that when the SMS sending amount is increased in a day, SMS sending period decreased by help of the learning effect.
A semantic dependency-graph-based approach combining platforms hosting data and applications Enhancing creative synergistic publishing and organizing scientific competitions on the web

Linked open data increases availability of original scientific and other data. Modifiable or ‘forkable’ open-source programs hosted on shared platforms make applications utilizing these data ready for reuse. However, data resources and applications are often hidden from each other and external reuse by separation of publication and access to data repositories. We constructed the LinkData.org platform to automate publishing together of linked open data, applications, and introduce the ‘dependency graph’ illustrating relationships between data, applications and users. Dependency graphs allow transparent evaluation of data and application integration. Data and dependency graphs are accessible with open semantic APIs. Because dependency graphs combine both data and applications published on the platform, users easily create new applications for data and publish new data resources for use with applications. This yields a creative synergy cycle between data publication and application development, as shown applied to a scientific competition for design of synthetic regulatory DNA.
Detection and Recovery of Occluded Face Images based on Correlation between Pixels

In this paper, we propose a method to detect and recover the occluded parts of face images using the correlation between pairs of pixels. In the training stage, correlation coefficients between every pairs of pixels are calculated using the occlusion-free training face images. Once a new face image is shown, the occluded area is detected and recovered using correlation coefficients obtained in the training stage. We compare the performance of the proposed method with the conventional method based on PCA. The results show that the proposed method detects and recovers occluded area with much smaller noises than the conventional PCA based method.
Hidden Markov Model for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Due to a rapid advancement in the electronic commerce technology, the use of credit cards has dramatically increased. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment for both online as well as regular purchase, cases of fraud associated with it are also rising. In this paper, we model the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and show how it can be used for the detection of frauds. An HMM is initially trained with the normal behavior of a cardholder. If an incoming credit card transaction is not accepted by the trained HMM with sufficiently high probability, it is considered to be fraudulent. At the same time, we try to ensure that genuine transactions are not rejected. We present detailed experimental results to show the effectiveness of our approach and compare it with other techniques available in the literature.
Static Analysis for JML's assignable Clauses

The specification language JML (Java Modelling Language) includes so-called assignable clauses, also known as modifies clauses, for specifying which fields may change their value as side-effect of a method. This paper uses abstract interpretation over a trace semantics for a simple object-oriented language to define a correct static analysis for checking the correctness of assignable clauses.
Cui Bronx High School of Science Mentors : Professor

Reading consists of serial recognition of words by three mental processes: letterby-letter decoding, word shape recognition, and use of sentence context clues. Each process makes a specific contribution to overall reading rate. In order to understand how skimming differs from ordinary reading, we measured and compared the contribution of each reading process in skimming and in normal reading. In normal reading, observers read regular text as it would appear in a novel. In skimming, observers read modified text in which half of the words were omitted. For both reading and skimming, we also manipulated the text to selectively disable each mental process. This allows us to isolate the contribution of each process to overall reading rate. Our results show that the sentence context process, which contributes about one-fifth of the normal reading rate, makes hardly any contribution to skimming.