Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Strong clustering of underdense regions and the environmental dependence of clustering from Gaussian initial conditions

We discuss two slightly counterintuitive findings about the environmental dependence of clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. First, we find that the relation between clustering strength and density is not monotonic: galaxies in the densest regions are more strongly clustered than are galaxies in regions of moderate overdensity; galaxies in moderate overdensities are more strongly clustered than are those in moderate underdensities; but galaxies in moderate underdensities are less clustered than galaxies in the least dense regions. We argue that this is natural if clustering evolved gravitationally from a Gaussian field, since the highest peaks and lowest troughs in Gaussian fields are similarly clustered. The precise non-monotonic dependence of galaxy clustering on density is very well reproduced in a mock catalogue which is based on a halo model decomposition of galaxy clustering. In the mock catalogue, haloes of different masses are all about 200 times denser than the critical density, and the dependence of small-scale clustering on environment is entirely a consequence of the fact that the halo mass function in dense regions is top-heavy – another natural prediction of clustering from Gaussian initial conditions. Secondly, the distribution of galaxy counts in our sample is rather well described by a Poisson cluster model. We show that, despite their Poisson nature, correlations with environment are expected in such models. More remarkably, the expected trends are very like those in standard models of halo bias, despite the fact that correlations with environment in these models arise purely from the fact that dense regions are dense because they happen to host more massive haloes. This is in contrast to the usual analysis which assumes that it is the large-scale environment which determines the halo mass function.
The Politics of Maintaining Diversity Policies in Demographically Changing Urban-Suburban School Districts

This study focuses on how the demographic change occurring within two county-wide school districts and communities in the South, including the creation of suburban enclaves alongside central cities overwhelmingly made up of low-income students of color, influences community support for diversity policies within two school districts with a history of voluntary integration efforts: Jefferson County Public Schools (Louisville, KY) and the Wake County Public School System (Raleigh, NC). By focusing on two urban-suburban school districts, our research extends prior work examining the politics of diversity in urban school districts to county-wide school districts experiencing rapid suburbanization and stratification.
Comparison of Group Testing Algorithms for Case Identification in the Presence of Test Error

Summary We derive and compare the operating characteristics of hierarchical and square array‐based testing algorithms for case identification in the presence of testing error. The operating characteristics investigated include efficiency (i.e., expected number of tests per specimen) and error rates (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, per‐family error rate, and per‐comparison error rate). The methodology is illustrated by comparing different pooling algorithms for the detection of individuals recently infected with HIV in North Carolina and Malawi.
Feeding Bottles Usage and the Prevalence of Childhood Allergy and Asthma

This study aimed to examine the association between the length of use of feeding bottles or pacifiers during childhood and the prevalence of respiratory and allergic morbidities. A large-scale questionnaire survey was performed in day care centers and kindergartens (with children's ages ranging from 2 to 7 years) in southern Taiwan, and a total of 14,862 questionnaires completed by parents were finally recruited for data analysis. Effects of using feeding bottles on children's wheezing/asthma (adjusted OR: 1.05, 95% CI 1.00–1.09), allergic rhinitis (adjusted OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08), and eczema (adjusted OR: 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.2) were found. Moreover, significant dose-dependent relationships were further established after an adjustment for confounders was performed that included children's ages, gender, gestational age, birth weight, length of breastfeeding, the age when first given infant formula or complementary foods, family history, parental educational levels, and smoking status, as well as the problem of indoor water damage. This study was the first to reveal the potential risk of using plastic consumer products such as feeding bottles on the reported health status of preschool children in Asian countries.
EnBay: A Novel Pattern-Based Bayesian Classifier

A promising approach to Bayesian classification is based on exploiting frequent patterns, i.e., patterns that frequently occur in the training data set, to estimate the Bayesian probability. Pattern-based Bayesian classification focuses on building and evaluating reliable probability approximations by exploiting a subset of frequent patterns tailored to a given test case. This paper proposes a novel and effective approach to estimate the Bayesian probability. Differently from previous approaches, the Entropy-based Bayesian classifier, namely EnBay, focuses on selecting the minimal set of long and not overlapped patterns that best complies with a conditional-independence model, based on an entropy-based evaluator. Furthermore, the probability approximation is separately tailored to each class. An extensive experimental evaluation, performed on both real and synthetic data sets, shows that EnBay is significantly more accurate than most state-of-the-art classifiers, Bayesian and not.
Physically-small frequency scanning antenna

A traveling wave antenna array with the crosstie-overlay slow-wave structures serving as the transmission lines is described. The measured radiation pattern is shown to agree with the calculated radiation pattern, and the frequency-scanning feature is also demonstrated. Due to the slow-wave transmission lines and the integrated design of the feed structure and the radiating elements, this antenna is quite suitable for monolithic microwave integrated circuits. <<ETX>>
“Don’t Be Trying to Box Folks In”

Youth-centeredness presents a “deficit model” of aging and stigmatizes elders. Social constructions reduce the aging process to illness and asexuality. Western conflations of beauty and youth render older adult sexuality disgusting and/or abnormal. Grounded theory methods utilized to interview older women (N = 20) about love, intimacy, and sexuality reveal more complex and heterogeneous narratives than we are socialized to believe. While important commonalities were reported across age cohorts, relationship statuses, and sexual orientations, sociohistorical as well as psychosocial factors, such as the feminist movement, attitudes about aging, experiences of ageism, and views on sexuality, demonstrate both within- and between-group differences.
NADPH Oxidase Limits Innate Immune Responses in the Lungs in Mice

Background Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited disorder of the NADPH oxidase in which phagocytes are defective in generating superoxide anion and downstream reactive oxidant intermediates (ROIs), is characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and by excessive inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). The mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase regulates inflammation are not well understood. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that NADPH oxidase restrains inflammation by modulating redox-sensitive innate immune pathways. When challenged with either intratracheal zymosan or LPS, NADPH oxidase-deficient p47phox−/− mice and gp91phox-deficient mice developed exaggerated and progressive lung inflammation, augmented NF-κB activation, and elevated downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-17, and G-CSF) compared to wildtype mice. Replacement of functional NADPH oxidase in bone marrow-derived cells restored the normal lung inflammatory response. Studies in vivo and in isolated macrophages demonstrated that in the absence of functional NADPH oxidase, zymosan failed to activate Nrf2, a key redox-sensitive anti-inflammatory regulator. The triterpenoid, CDDO-Im, activated Nrf2 independently of NADPH oxidase and reduced zymosan-induced lung inflammation in CGD mice. Consistent with these findings, zymosan-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from X-linked CGD patients showed impaired Nrf2 activity and increased NF-κB activation. Conclusions/Significance These studies support a model in which NADPH oxidase-dependent, redox-mediated signaling is critical for termination of lung inflammation and suggest new potential therapeutic targets for CGD.
Phoneme monitoring in internal and external speech

Four experiments examine the time course of phoneme monitoring in internally and externally generated speech. The aim of this research was to replicate and extend previous findings of Wheeldon and Levelt (1995), who required their Dutch participants to monitor their own prearticulatory speech in order to investigate the generation of an abstract phonological code. Experiment 1 required British participants to silently generate English words with a CVCCVC structure and to monitor these words for the four constituent consonants. Similar to the Dutch study, a clear left-to-right monitoring effect was observed and a significant difference was seen between latencies for the consonants separated by the initial vowel and for the consecutive word medial consonants. Internal speech monitoring was also found to speed up across the word. A perception version of the task (Experiment 2) yielded a different pattern of monitoring latencies. In Experiments 3 and 4, all phonemes in the initial CVC syllable of bisyllabic words were monitored in internal and external speech respectively. A significant left-to-right pattern of monitoring latencies was again observed in the internal speech task. However, in the external speech task, monitoring latencies for the vowel and final consonant of the syllable did not differ. The conclusions of Wheeldon and Levelt are discussed and refined in light of the present results.
Mobile-Cloud Assisted Video Summarization Framework for Efficient Management of Remote Sensing Data Generated by Wireless Capsule Sensors

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has great advantages over traditional endoscopy because it is portable and easy to use, especially in remote monitoring health-services. However, during the WCE process, the large amount of captured video data demands a significant deal of computation to analyze and retrieve informative video frames. In order to facilitate efficient WCE data collection and browsing task, we present a resource- and bandwidth-aware WCE video summarization framework that extracts the representative keyframes of the WCE video contents by removing redundant and non-informative frames. For redundancy elimination, we use Jeffrey-divergence between color histograms and inter-frame Boolean series-based correlation of color channels. To remove non-informative frames, multi-fractal texture features are extracted to assist the classification using an ensemble-based classifier. Owing to the limited WCE resources, it is impossible for the WCE system to perform computationally intensive video summarization tasks. To resolve computational challenges, mobile-cloud architecture is incorporated, which provides resizable computing capacities by adaptively offloading video summarization tasks between the client and the cloud server. The qualitative and quantitative results are encouraging and show that the proposed framework saves information transmission cost and bandwidth, as well as the valuable time of data analysts in browsing remote sensing data.
Elicitor-Mediated Oligomerization of the Tobacco N Disease Resistance Protein[W][OA]

Plant nucleotide binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins are similar to the nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD) protein family in their domain structure. It has been suggested that most NOD proteins rely on ligand-mediated oligomerization for function, and we have tested this possibility with the N protein of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The N gene for resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a member of the Toll-interleukin receptor (TIR)-NBS-LRR class of plant disease resistance (R) genes that recognizes the helicase domain from the TMV replicase. Using transient expression followed by immunoprecipitation, we show that the N protein oligomerizes in the presence of the elicitor. The oligomerization was not affected by silencing Nicotiana benthamiana ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 and N REQUIREMENT GENE1 cofactors of N-mediated resistance, but it was abolished by a mutation in the P-loop motif. However, loss-of-function mutations in the RNBS-A motif and in the TIR domain retain the ability to oligomerize. From these results, we conclude that oligomerization is an early event in the N-mediated resistance to TMV.
Comparison between two models of language for the automatic phonetic labeling of an undocumented language of the South-Asia: the case of Mo Piu

This paper aims at assessing the automatic labeling of an undocumented, unknown, unwritten and under-resourced language (Mo Piu) of the North Vietnam, by an expert phonetician. In the previous stage of the work, 7 sets of languages were chosen among Mandarin, Vietnamese, Khmer, English, French, to compete in order to select the best models of languages to be used for the phonetic labeling of Mo Piu isolated words. Two sets of languages (1Â° Mandarin + French, 2Â° Vietnamese + French) which got the best scores showed an additional distribution of their results. Our aim is now to study this distribution more precisely and more extensively, in order to statistically select the best models of languages and among them, the best sets of phonetic units which minimize the wrong phonetic automatic labeling.
Streptococcus pyogenes expressing M and M‐like surface proteins are phagocytosed but survive inside human neutrophils

Strains of the Gram‐positive human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus) that express surface‐associated M or M‐like proteins survive and grow in non‐immune fresh human blood. This is generally accepted to be caused by an antiphagocytic property of these proteins. However, in most previous studies, an inhibition of the internalization of the bacteria into host cells has not been studied or not directly demonstrated. Therefore, in the present paper, we used flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy to study phagocytosis by human neutrophils of wild‐type S. pyogenes and strains deficient in expression of M protein and/or the M‐like protein H. The results demonstrate that all strains of S. pyogenes tested, including the wild‐type AP1 strain, induce actin polymerization and are efficiently phagocytosed by human neutrophils. In addition, using classical bactericidal assays, we show that the wild‐type AP1 strain can survive inside neutrophils, whereas mutant strains are rapidly killed. We conclude that the ability of virulent S. pyogenes to survive and multiply in whole blood is most likely not possible to explain only by an antiphagocytic effect of bacterial surface components. Instead, our data suggest that bacterial evasion of host defences occurs intracellularly and that survival inside human neutrophils may contribute to the pathogenesis of S. pyogenes and the recurrence of S. pyogenes infections.
Evaluación neuropsicológica en esquizofrenia

Las alteraciones neuropsicologicas en la esquizofrenia son motivo de creciente interes para la investigacion. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la eficacia de una bateria de tests psicologicos en la deteccion de alteraciones cognitivas en la esquizofrenia. La muestra estuvo formada por 20 pacientes esquizofrenicos, a los que se aplico una bateria de pruebas neuropsicologicas. Los rendimientos de este grupo fueron comparados con los resultados obtenidos por un grupo de sujetos sanos (grupo control). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en las funciones visoperceptivas, en la capacidad de busqueda visual, en la flexibilidad mental y en la funcion motora. El test de Benton y el Trail Making Test resultaron ser las pruebas que mejor discriminaron entre pacientes esquizofrenicos y el grupo control
Hsp27 inhibits IKKβ‐induced NF‐κΕ activity and skeletal muscle atrophy

Heat shock protein 25/27 (Hsp25/27) is a cytoprotective protein that is ubiquitously expressed in most cells, and is up‐regulated in response to cellular stress. Previous work, in nonmuscle cells, has shown that Hsp27 inhibits TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation. During skeletal muscle disuse, Hsp25/27 levels are decreased and NF‐κB activity increased, and this increase in NF‐κB activity is required for disuse muscle atrophy. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether electrotransfer of Hsp27 into the soleus muscle of rats, prior to skeletal muscle disuse, is sufficient to inhibit skeletal muscle disuse atrophy and NF‐κB activation. The 35% disuse muscle‐fiber atrophy observed in nontransfected fibers was attenuated by 50% in fibers transfected with Hsp27. Hsp27 also inhibited the disuseinduced increase in MuRF1 and atrogin‐1 transcription by 82 and 40%, respectively. Furthermore, disuse‐ and IKKβinduced NF‐κB transactivation were abolished by Hsp27. In contrast, Hsp27 had no effect on Foxo transactivation. In conclusion, Hsp27 is a negative regulator of NF‐κB in skeletal muscle, in vivo, and is sufficient to inhibit MuRF1 and atrogin‐1 and attenuate skeletal muscle disuse atrophy. —Dodd, S. L. , Hain, B. , Senf, S. M. , Judge, A. R Hsp27 inhibits IKKβ‐induced NF‐κΕ activity and skeletal muscle atrophy. FASEB J. 23, 3415–3423 (2009). www.fasebj. org
The odyssey of "alternative firms": new organizational propositions from a case-study

Lately, "conventional" firms have been roughly criticized for both the legitimacy of shareholder value and the production of negative externalities that affect society. In the crisis context, "alternative" firms are often presented as candidates to design renewed organizations. However, there is a high risk of arousing as much initial enthusiasm as following disillusion. In this paper, we address the issue of the organizational dynamics of such corporate projects over time. After a (brief) historical overview of alternative firms, we discuss the limitations of dominant approach which sustains the "degeneration thesis. " We then elaborate a new analytical framework that raises the issues of alternative firms in another fashion to go beyond traditional tradeoffs between democratic functioning and financial performance. The framework is then used to longitudinally analyze the story of Garden Concept, an alternative firm operating in artistic gardening, over seven years. Our findings show how the building of dynamic relations between members, common purpose and organizational devices are at the heart of the alternative firm's project. So doing, we explore a larger redefinition of these three elements and depart from a close association of "alternative" project to strict democracy. Contributions to "alternative firms" as well as research perspectives on professional and artistic organizations are eventually considered.
File-Sharing Preference in a Peer-to-Peer Network

Peer-to-peer network describes a typical complex network upon which users connect together according to their sharing preference, indicated by the resources they shared. In this article, we apply analytic methods from complex networks theory to investigate the sharing preference of users as well as the correlations between different resource categories in a real peer-to-peer file sharing system, which is helpful for getting more insight into rapid development of peer-to-peer network applications.
Pipeline Processing with an Iterative, Context-Based Detection Model

Abstract : Under existing detection pipelines, seismic event hypotheses are formed from a parametric description of the waveform data obtained from a single pass over the incoming data stream. The full potential of signal processing algorithms is not being exploited due to simplistic assumptions made about the background against which signals are being detected. A vast improvement in the available computational resources allows the possibility of more sensitive and more robust context-based detection pipelines which glean progressively more information from multiple passes over the data. Under this contract we have evaluated iterative components at different levels of the pipeline hierarchy. At the level of the raw waveforms, we have evaluated schemes for the detection and cancellation of noise transients which can both reduce the detection capability of a station and supply the parametric datastreams with phase detections which may result in spurious event hypotheses. At the single array level, the sensitivity to sites of monitoring interest can be diminished by energy arriving from other directions, for example from ongoing aftershock sequences. We demonstrate how energy from the direction of interest can be enhanced at the expense of the nuisance energy using adaptive beamforming and empirical matched field processing. The aftershock scenario can have significant consequences for the generation of near real-time bulletins both due to the increased number of events and the deterioration of fully automatic event bulletins due to spurious phase association. We provide proof-of-concept of a system for spawning a targeted process for accurate aftershock characterization in a given source region such that all associated phases are removed from the parametric datastreams. New iterations of Global Association, or equivalent algorithms, would then read in pre-screened detection lists and have a lower likelihood of generating false events.
Causes and consequences of downsizing: Towards an integrative framework

The business literature on the causes and consequences of downsizing has grown significantly over the last three decades. A multitude of causes has been identified. Downsizing is sometimes seen primarily as a cost-reducing response to various crises and external factors over which management has little or no control. Others see downsizing as a strategic management initiative in its own right. A considerable body of literature indicates workforce reductions often lead to negative financial and operational outcomes for the downsizing firm as well as negative psychological outcomes for victims, survivors, and executioners. This research paper represents a literature review on the causes and consequences of downsizing. It addresses a diverse body of literature and suggests an integrative framework on the typical causes and consequences of downsizing as well as outlines some challenges ahead for researchers seeking to advance the knowledge of downsizing.
SDN architecture for cognitive radio networks

Driven by the requirements from traffic volume versatile services and spectrum scarcity, the concept of cloud network and cognitive radio could become new features in the next generation mobile and wireless access networks. For example, to deploy LTE femtocells and Wi-Fi networks in the TV white spaces provides a new way for traffic offloading and enables spectrum sharing as a cognitive radio network. In this paper, we propose and prototype a software defined network architecture with the OpenFlow protocols for heterogeneous network spectrum sharing in the TV white space. Then, we analyze the controller architecture for cognitive radio and the OpenFlow enabled infrastructure architecture. We implement a prototype of software defined cognitive radio network with this SDN controller and LTE/Wi-Fi network simulator. Some essential control functions of cognitive radio are implemented and new potential scenarios based cognitive radio networks are given.