Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of different components in the peritumoral tissue microenvironment of colorectal cancer: A potential prospect in tumorigenesis

The present study aimed to observe the varying expression of biomarkers in the microenvironment adjacent to colorectal cancer lesions to provide additional insight into the functions of microenvironment components in carcinogenesis and present a novel or improved indicator for early diagnosis of cancer. A total of 144 human samples from three different locations in 48 patients were collected, these locations were 10, 5 and 2 cm from the colorectal cancer lesion, respectively. The biomarkers analyzed included E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18 (CK18), hyaluronidase-1 (Hyal-1), collagen type I (Col-I), Crumbs3 (CRB3), vimentin, proteinase activated receptor 3 (PAR-3), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), cyclin D1 (CD1) and cluster of differentiation (CD)133. In addition, crypt architecture was observed. Related functional analysis of proteins was performed using hierarchical index cluster analysis. More severe destroyed crypt architecture closer to the cancer lesions was observed compared with the 10 cm sites, with certain crypts degraded entirely. Expression levels of E-cadherin, CK18, CRB3 and PAR-3 were lower in 2 cm sites compared with the 10 cm sites (all P<0.001), while the expression levels of the other biomarkers in the 2 cm sites were increased compared with 10 cm sites (all P<0.0001). Notably, the expression of CK18 in 2 cm sites was higher than in the 5 cm site (P<0.0001), which was different from the expression of E-cadherin, CRB3 and PAR-3. The expression levels of Hyal-1 and Col-I at the 2 cm sites were lower than that of the 5 cm sites (P>0.05 and P=0.0001, respectively), while the expression of vimentin, α-SMA, CD1 and CD133 were not. Hyal-1 and Col-I may be independently important in cancer initiation in the tumor microenvironment. The results of the present study suggest that the biomarkers in the tissue microenvironment are associated with early tumorigenesis and may contribute to the development of carcinomas. These observations may be useful for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Dimension Reduction Methods for Image Retrieval

In this paper, we compare performance of several dimension reduction techniques, namely LSI, NMF, SDD and FastMap. The qualitative comparison is based on rank lists and evaluated on a collection of faces from the Olivetti Research Lab. We compare the quality of these methods from both the visual impact, quality of generated "eigenfaces" and retrieval performance
Coordination Failures and Government Policy: Evidence From Emerging Countries

Rodrik [JIE 1996] argues for coordinated government policy when emerging countries are stuck in a low wage equilibrium because of a coordination failure. Because the return to intermediate output is markedly below that realised when a minimum threshold number of varieties must produced in concert, the expectation of too few varieties is sufficient to discourage entry and keep a high tech sector from succeeding. Here we search for evidence consist with such threshold models on cross country data. First production data is used to ask (i) whether evidence of coordination failures among intermediate good producers is associated with a low wage equilibrium and (ii) whether government policy can succeed in moving an emerging country from a low to high wage equilibrium. Second, financial data is used to ask whether there is evidence that government coordination can replace missing private markets in emerging economies and whether a moderate degree of financial repression can help rather than hinder growth.
ALS data based forest stand delineation with a coarse-to-fine segmentation approach

Forest stands are important forest management units for many forestry applications. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), also known as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), provides abundant information on vertical structures of forests, and it is more stable than the conventional aerial or satellite spectral imaging in various conditions. In order to obtain accurate Forest Stand Delineations (FSD), a method using a coarse-to-fine segmentation approach solely based on ALS data is proposed in this work. Firstly, a three-band feature image is extracted from ALS point clouds. Secondly, from the feature image, coarse forest stands are generated with the mean-shift algorithm. Then each coarse stand is refined by Simple Linear Iterative Clustering superpixels based Seeded Region Growing (SLIC-SRG) to generate final forest stands. Also we process separately the forest and non-forest areas to increase the delineation accuracy. Moreover, some parameters of our method have physical meanings in FSD, easing the parameter setting process. Our method was tested on real ALS data and compared with other methods. Experimental results show that our method outperforms previous methods in terms of accuracies for ALS data based FSD.
Quantification and Relative Comparison of Synthesized Texture

Motivated by the desire to quantify the output of various texture synthesis algorithms, our method uses classical statistical measures to test the quality of outputs for five different categories of texture. We test our approach on three texture synthesis algorithms and present our results here. Of the three different algorithms tested, one is pixel based, the second a patch based approach, and the third a hybrid approach which combines the best features of the pixel and the patch based approaches. Our study clearly shows that none of the three approaches gives the ideal texture against which we compare the synthesized results. However, it does give a fairly decent measure to compare the three and choose one among them as the best.
Integrated Models for Solid Waste Management in Tourism Regions: Langkawi Island, Malaysia

The population growth, changing consumption patterns, and rapid urbanization contribute significantly to the growing volumes of solid waste that are generated in urban settings. As the rate of urbanization increases, demand on the services of solid waste management increases. The rapid urban growth in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, combined with the increasing rates of solid waste production has provided evidence that the traditional solid waste management practices, particularly the methods of waste collection and disposal, are inefficient and quite nonsustainable. Accordingly, municipal managers and planners in Langkawi need to look for and adopt a model for solid waste management that emphasizes an efficient and sustainable management of solid wastes in Langkawi Island. This study presents the current practices of solid waste management in Langkawi Island, describes the composition of the solid waste generated in that area, and presents views of local residents and tourist on issues related to solid waste management like the aesthetic value of the island environment. The most important issue of this paper is that it is the first time that integrated solid waste management is investigated in the Langkawi Island.
An overlay network for replica placement within a P2P VoD network

Generic file sharing P2P applications have gained high popularity in the past few years. In particular, P2P streaming architectures have also attracted attention. Many of them consider many-to-one streaming or high-level multicast techniques. In contrast to these models, we propose techniques and algorithms for point-to-point streaming in autonomous systems as it might occur in large companies, a campus or even in large hotels. Our major aim is to create a replica situation that inter-subnetwork RSVP streams are reduced to a minimum. Therefore, we introduce the architecture of an overlay network for interconnecting subnetworks. Each subnetwork contains a so-called local active rendezvous server (LARS), which not only acts as directory server but also controls availability of movie content in its subnetwork. Owing to this, we consider data placement strategies depending on restrictions of network bandwidth, peer capabilities, as well as the movies' access frequency.
Real-Time Object Recognition in Digital Images for Industrial Applications

This paper describes a technique for real-time object recognition in digital images. On the one hand, our approach combines robustness against occlusions, distortions, and noise with invariance under rigid motion, i.e., translation and rotation, and local illumination changes. On the other hand, the computational effort is small in order to fulfil requirements of real-time applications. A shape-based matching approach using the principle of the generalized Hough transform is employed to receive a coarse solution for position and orientation. A novel efficient limitation of the search space in combination with a hierarchical search strategy is implemented to reduce the computational effort. The quantization problems occurring in the generalized Hough transform as well as in our modifications are analyzed and their solutions are presented. To meet the demands for high precision in industrial tasks, a subsequent refinement adjusts the final parameters of position and orientation. An example and experimental results complete this paper.
Dose Response of Intrathecal Adenosine in Experimental Pain and Allodynia

Background Intrathecal adenosine reduces areas of mechanical hypersensitivity and provides analgesia in patients with neuropathic pain. Adenosine also causes side effects, yet its dose response for either efficacy or side effects has not been examined in double blind studies. We studied two doses of intrathecal adenosine in humans with experimental hypersensitivity and the ability of the adenosine receptor antagonist, aminophylline, to reverse adenosine's effects. Methods Following Internal Review Board approval and written informed consent, 35 volunteers were studied. Five volunteers were studied to confirm the stability of a new method of inducing hypersensitivity with capsaicin. The remaining 30 volunteers received, in a randomized, double-blind manner, saline, or adenosine, 0.5 or 2.0 mg, by intrathecal injection 40 min after areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia were established from capsaicin. Two hr later, volunteers were randomized to receive intravenous saline or aminophylline, 5 mg/kg. Results Topical capsaicin with intermittent heating resulted in stable areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia. Intrathecal adenosine, but not saline, reduced areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia from capsaicin, with no differences between doses. Side effects occurred in 1, 2, and 6 volunteers receiving saline, 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg adenosine, respectively. Aminophylline failed to reverse adenosine's effects. Conclusions There is no difference in efficacy to experimental hypersensitivity between the largest approved dose of intrathecal adenosine and a dose 25% this size, but side effects are more common with the larger dose. Failure of aminophylline to reverse adenosine's effects could reflect inadequate concentrations at receptors in the spinal cord after intravenous injection.
Active Learning for Player Modeling

Learning models of player behavior has been the focus of several studies. This work is motivated by better understanding of player behavior, a knowledge that can ultimately be employed to provide player-adapted or personalized content. In this paper, we propose the use of active learning for player experience modeling. We use a dataset from hundreds of players playing Infinite Mario Bros. as a case study and we employ the random forest method to learn models of player experience through the active learning approach. The results obtained suggest that only part of the dataset (up to half the size of the full dataset) is necessary for the construction of accurate models that are as accurate as those constructed from the full dataset. This indicates the potential of the method and its benefits in cases when obtaining the data is expensive or time, storage or effort consuming. The results also indicate that the method can be used online during the content generation process where the models can improve and better content can be presented as the game is being played.
Integrating usability engineering and agile software development: A literature review

The various agile software development methodologies have promoted since their inception and even demanded high degree to improve the quality of the software product. Usability engineering has made its way into the software mainstream and has caught the attention of software engineers and researchers worldwide due to rapidly growing and volatile internet software industry, despite their different perspectives on creating software both have a major role in making good software. Usability focuses on how the end users will work with the software and agile development focuses on how the software should be developed. The way these two perspectives are being combined in practice is still not well understood. This study is a preliminary literature review that describes the key question that how usability-engineering practices should be integrated with agile software development in order to make stronger and effective usable software system. This paper focuses on identifying the tensions between usability and agile methods. The research aim is to identify the common approach of agile methods and usability engineering by surveying extensive related work on integration of usability and agile methods.
Improvement of the SET Payment System by Using RBAC

This paper proposes a method that can improve the SET payment system using RBAC. It mainly aims at the flaws that the payment process in SET system is quite complex, and it's difficult to save and check the payment information. The method can solve the problem of saving and checking the payment information by adding a resource server to the payment system, and realizing the access control of payment information with RBAC. Meanwhile, the improved scheme abandons the technology of dual signatures, and simplifies the process of authentication, thus simplifying the whole payment process.
Verification of Security Protocols Using A Formal Approach

Security protocols are expected to build secure communications over vulnerable networks. However, security protocols may contain potential flaws. Therefore, they need formal verifications. In this thesis, we investigate Paulson’s inductive approach and apply this formal approach to a classical cryptographic protocol which has not been previously verified in this way. We also investigate the modelling of timestamps and further extension of the inductive approach with message reception and agent’s knowledge. We modelled and verified Lowe’s modified Denning-Sacco sharedkey protocol using the inductive approach. The model and theorems are later updated with message reception and agent’s knowledge. Theorem proving is supported by the interactive theorem prover Isabelle. We have completed the proofs for both versions. As a result, Lowe’s modified Denning-Sacco shared-key protocol has been formally verified using the inductive approach.
Trill: Engineering a Library for Diverse Analytics

Trill is a streaming query processor that fulfills three requirements to serve the diverse big data analytics space: (1) Query Model: Trill is based on the tempo-relational model that enables it to handle streaming and relational queries with early results, across the latency spectrum from real-time to offline; (2) Fabric and Language Integration: Trill is architected as a high-level language library that supports rich data-types and user libraries, and integrates well with existing distribution fabrics and applications; and (3) Performance: Trill’s throughput is high across the latency spectrum. For streaming data, Trill’s throughput is 2-4 orders of magnitude higher than comparable traditional streaming engines. For offline relational queries, Trill’s throughput is comparable to modern columnar database systems. Trill uses a streaming batched-columnar data representation with a new dynamic compilation-based system architecture that addresses all these requirements. Trill’s ability to support diverse analytics has resulted in its adoption across many usage scenarios at Microsoft. In this article, we provide an overview of Trill: how we engineered it as a library that achieves seamless language integration with a rich query language at high performance, while executing in the context of a high-level programming language.
EXTENDING THE LIFE TIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK USING ADAPTIVE PROTOCOLS

—In the present scenario wireless sensor network plays a vital role for many applications. But energy consumption is an important constraint in this technology. In general for extending the network life time the activity of the transceiver should be reduced as it consumes more power. In this work an Adaptive staggered sleep protocol (ASLEEP) for efficient power management is proposed in order to match the network demand. This protocol dynamically adjusts the sleep schedules of nodes in time varying conditions, without any prior knowledge of the network topology. This protocol has been extensively studied and it has been observed that the energy consumed by the sensor nodes will be reduced. Under stationary conditions this will increase significantly the network life. The delivery ratio has also been increased with respect to non-adaptive solutions. The results presented here have been carried out with the help of ns-2 simulation.
Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force

Background Aiming at therapeutic targets has reduced the risk of organ failure in many diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. Such targets have not been defined for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective To develop recommendations for achieving optimal therapeutic outcomes in RA. Methods A task force of rheumatologists and a patient developed a set of recommendations on the basis of evidence derived from a systematic literature review and expert opinion; these were subsequently discussed, amended and voted upon by >60 experts from various regions of the world in a Delphi-like procedure. Levels of evidence, strength of recommendations and levels of agreement were derived. Results The treat-to-target activity resulted in 10 recommendations. The treatment aim was defined as remission with low disease activity being an alternative goal in patients with long-standing disease. Regular follow-up (every 1–3 months during active disease) with appropriate therapeutic adaptation to reach the desired state within 3 to a maximum of 6 months was recommended. Follow-up examinations ought to employ composite measures of disease activity which include joint counts. Additional items provide further details for particular aspects of the disease. Levels of agreement were very high for many of these recommendations (≥9/10). Conclusion The 10 recommendations are supposed to inform patients, rheumatologists and other stakeholders about strategies to reach optimal outcomes of RA based on evidence and expert opinion.
Soliton solutions for quasilinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations involving supercritical exponent in $R^N$

We study the existence of positive solutions to the quasilinear elliptic problem -\epsilon \Delta u+V(x)u-\epsilon k(\Del(|u|^{2}))u=g(u), \quad u>0, x \in R^N, where g has superlinear growth at infinity without any restriction from above on its growth. Mountain pass in a suitable Orlicz space is employed to establish this result. These equations contain strongly singular nonlinearities which include derivatives of the second order which make the situation more complicated. Such equations arise when one seeks for standing wave solutions for the corresponding quasilinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations. Schr\"{o}dinger equations of this type have been studied as models of several physical phenomena. The nonlinearity here corresponds to the superfluid film equation in plasma physics.
Hofmeister Effects in the Stability and Electrophoretic Mobility of Polystyrene Latex Particles

Specific ionic effects on numerous solid−aqueous solution interfaces have usually been ranked in the so-called Hofmeister series. Ion specificity has experimentally been manifested in many ways. In this work, the colloidal stability and electrophoretic mobility of three different polystyrene latex samples are analyzed in the presence of different electrolytes. The effects on their colloidal stability and electrokinetic behavior provoked by four anions (SO42-, Cl-, NO3-, and SCN-) and three cations (NH4+, Na+, and Ca2+) located in different positions in the Hofmeister series are shown. Some of these ions specifically modified the pair potential interaction of the colloidal particles yielding results not explained by the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. A modification in the repulsive electrostatic term of this theory is then proposed to consider the ionic specificity. In addition, general but qualitative explanations about the subjacent mechanisms involved in the Hofmeister effects ar.
Unsupervised Full-Polarimetric Segmentation for Evaluation of Backscatter Mechanisms of Agricultural Crops

Versatile, robust and computational efficient methods for radar image segmentation, which preserve the full polarimetric information content, are of importance as research tools as well as for practical applications in land surface monitoring. The method introduced here consists of six steps. The first step is a transform of the full polarimetric information into nine intensities per band. The next steps relate to unsupervised clustering (i.e. deriving class statistics) encompassing a simple region-growing segmentation (incomplete and oversegmented) followed by model-based agglomerative clustering and expectation-maximization on the pixels of these segments. Classification is achieved by Markov Random Field filtering on the original data. The result is a series of segmented maps, which mainly differ in the number of (unsupervised) classes. Results for the Flevoland agricultural area are shown. The applications include the use of groundtruth for legend development, the check for groundtruth completeness and the construction of a bottom-up hierarchy of the characteristics that can be distinguished in the radar data. The latter gives important insights in physics of radar backscattering mechanisms. Moreover, the relative importance of crop differences, (full-polarimetric) incidence angle effects and sub-classes (related to factors such as crop varieties or row direction) may be assessed.
The Shapley value mechanism for ISP settlement

Within the current Internet, autonomous ISPs implement bi-lateral agreements, with each ISP establishing agreements that suit its own local objective to maximize its proﬁt. Peer-ing agreements based on local views and bilateral settlements, while expedient, encourage selﬁsh routing strategies and discriminatory interconnections. From a more global perspective, such settlements reduce aggregate proﬁts, limit the stability of routes, and discourage potentially useful peering/connectivity arrangements, thereby unnecessarily balka-nizing the Internet. We show that if the distribution of proﬁts is enforced at a global level, then there exist proﬁt-sharing mechanisms derived from the Shapley value and its extensions that will encourage these selﬁsh ISPs who seek to maximize their own proﬁts to converge to a Nash equilibrium. We show that these proﬁt sharing schemes exhibit several fairness properties that support the argument that this distribution of proﬁts is desirable. In addition, at the Nash equilibrium point, the routing and connecting/peering strategies maximize aggregate network proﬁts, encourage ISP connectivity so as to limit balkanization.