Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Christian view on couples living together

Many cohabiters feel unready for, or even afraid of marriage. Cohabitation affords an easier way out of a relationship. Marriage means a total, lifelong, exclusive commitment whereas cohabitors are often committed to a relationship only whilst it provides them with personal satisfaction. Thus cohabitation means weaker relationships than in marriage. Researchers concluded that "cohabitations are not informal marriages, but relationships formed by looser bonds. " An important implication of this is that cohabitors live with a measure of uncertainty and insecurity in their relationship.
PACKING CALCULATIONS APPLIED FOR CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

When selecting a concrete mix design, it is always desirable to compose the aggregates as densely as possible, i.e. with maximum packing. That minimises the necessary amount of binder which has to fill the cavities between the aggregates for a constant concrete workability. Apart from an obvious economic benefit, a minimum of binder in concrete results in less shrinkage and creep and a more dense and therefore probably a more durable and strong concrete type. The paper presents a packing model which can be used to optimise the aggregate, both the theory behind, the available computer program and the necessary experimental measurements. Further, the application of packing calculations for concrete mix design to select the types and amounts of materials, to select the amount of binder, and to design the air void system will be described
Hybrid Object and Screen Stabilized Visualization Techniques for an AR Assembly Support System

This study proposes and evaluates the effectiveness of hybrid object and screen stabilized visualization techniques for an assembly support system using augmented reality (AR). Object stabilized visualization techniques are frequently used in AR-based assembly support systems but are not always available for the types of tasks, large sizes of assembled models, and narrow field-of-view head mounted displays (HMDs) examined in this paper. Based on a pilot study that investigated the best display locations and content sizes for displaying guidance information on an HMD screen, we propose two hybrid object and screen stabilized visualization modes, and then evaluate the two modes with an object stabilized visualization mode that we studied in the previous works (the side-by-side mode). Our experimental results indicate that the hybrid mode showing target assembly objects at a fixed position on the HMD screen with object stabilized orientation yields the best performance and subjective rating.
Estimating Premorbid Cognitive Abilities in Low-Educated Populations

Objective To develop an informant-based instrument that would provide a valid estimate of premorbid cognitive abilities in low-educated populations. Methods A questionnaire was drafted by focusing on the premorbid period with a 10-year time frame. The initial pool of items was submitted to classical test theory and a factorial analysis. The resulting instrument, named the Premorbid Cognitive Abilities Scale (PCAS), is composed of questions addressing educational attainment, major lifetime occupation, reading abilities, reading habits, writing abilities, calculation abilities, use of widely available technology, and the ability to search for specific information. The validation sample was composed of 132 older Brazilian adults from the following three demographically matched groups: normal cognitive aging (n = 72), mild cognitive impairment (n = 33), and mild dementia (n = 27). The scores of a reading test and a neuropsychological battery were adopted as construct criteria. Post-mortem inter-informant reliability was tested in a sub-study with two relatives from each deceased individual. Results All items presented good discriminative power, with corrected item-total correlation varying from 0.35 to 0.74. The summed score of the instrument presented high correlation coefficients with global cognitive function (r = 0.73) and reading skills (r = 0.82). Cronbach's alpha was 0.90, showing optimal internal consistency without redundancy. The scores did not decrease across the progressive levels of cognitive impairment, suggesting that the goal of evaluating the premorbid state was achieved. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.96, indicating excellent inter-informant reliability. Conclusion The instrument developed in this study has shown good properties and can be used as a valid estimate of premorbid cognitive abilities in low-educated populations. The applicability of the PCAS, both as an estimate of premorbid intelligence and cognitive reserve, is discussed.
Arrhythmogenic effects of energy drinks

Energy drinks (ED) are increasingly popular, especially among adolescents and young adults. They are marketed as enhancers of energy, alertness, and physical performance. ED contain high doses of caffeine and other active ingredients. Their safety has come under question due to reports temporally linking ED consumption with serious cardiovascular events, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In this article, we report 2 cases of life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias in young patients after consuming ED. We also review the ingredients of ED, the physiologic effects on the cardiovascular system, and the available evidence suggesting arrhythmogenecity.
Diagnostic classification of lung nodules using 3D neural networks

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Early diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in Computed Tomography (CT) chest scans provides an opportunity for designing effective treatment and making financial and care plans. In this paper, we consider the problem of diagnostic classification between benign and malignant lung nodules in CT images, which aims to learn a direct mapping from 3D images to class labels. To achieve this goal, four two-pathway Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are proposed, including a basic 3D CNN, a novel multi-output network, a 3D DenseNet, and an augmented 3D DenseNet with multi-outputs. These four networks are evaluated on the public LIDC-IDRI dataset and outperform most existing methods. In particular, the 3D multi-output DenseNet (MoDenseNet) achieves the state-of-the-art classification accuracy on the task of end-to-end lung nodule diagnosis. In addition, the networks pretrained on the LIDC-IDRI dataset can be further extended to handle smaller datasets using transfer learning. This is demonstrated on our dataset with encouraging prediction accuracy in lung nodule classification.
Behavior of Cotton and Polynosic Fabrics Treated by the Poly-Set Process1

A study was made of the relations between crease recovery and various physical properties of cotton and polynosic fibers treated by the two-step poly-set process. These relations fall in two different groups (step I and step II) in the case of cotton; for polynosics, the relations show the same grouping in wet and alkali-swollen states. In order to explain the different types of links that form in the poly-set process as well as the dominant influence of the water-sensitive links on treated polynosics in the dry state, it is postulated that the crease-recovery increment is due to new covalent links and those in place of the water-sensitive links. The different effects of MMM and DMEU finishes are discussed
Investigation on Structures of Aluminum Melts Containing Small Amount of Silicon Element

Aluminum melt structures play significant roles in process of impurity element eliminations. In order to investigate the aluminum melt structures containing small amount of silicon element, several compositions of aluminum melts were simulated. Molecular dynamics simulation method was employed to investigate the melt structures, concentration profiles and diffusion properties. For purpose of studying structure stability, related calculations were performed by first principles molecular dynamics method. The calculated results suggest that silicon concentration has obvious influence on silicon-silicon radial distribution function; silicon element segregates in local zone in each concentration of aluminum; there is no obvious relationship between silicon concentration and silicon diffusion coefficient; the stable Al-Si phase is formed by substitution lattice point or interstitial space; and position of Fermi energy of the stable structure corresponds to the valley of density of states.
Guideline classification to assist modeling, authoring, implementation and retrieval

The National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) and its guideline classification system are significant contributions to the study of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and their incorporation into routine clinical care. The NGC classification system is primarily designed to support guideline retrieval. We believe that a guideline classification system should also support identification of features that relate to incorporation of executable CPGs into computer-based applications for sharing and delivering guideline-based advice. We have developed a proposed expansion of the NGC guideline classification for this purpose. The axes of the proposed scheme have implications for designing formal models and structures for representing and authoring CPGs. This scheme also has implications for future research.
Fatal Patent Troglostrongylosis In A Litter of Kittens

Abstract Parasitic nematodes affecting the respiratory system of cats are gaining much attention in the scientific community and new knowledge has recently been acquired on their epizootiology, biology, and clinical aspects. In particular, in the past few years different studies have indicated that the metastrongyloid lungworm Troglostrongylus brevior can be vertically transmitted in cats, although information on its basic biology is still poor. The present paper describes a case of troglostrongylosis in a litter of 3 suckling kittens, with a focus on anatomo-pathological and biological features of the infection in 2 of these 3 animals. The third kitten survived the infection and clinical and therapeutic aspects are presented. New insights into the transmission and biology of T. brevior are discussed along with potential strategies for an efficacious treatment and control of this life-threatening parasitosis of cats.
3DLoc

A variety of indoor applications require both accurate location and orientation, such as indoor navigation and augmented reality. This paper presents 3DLoc, with which you can find your location and orientation by pointing your smartphone camera at 3D features e.g., doors and entrances. Different from the previous image-based localization of matching features via SIFT or SURF, 3DLoc takes advantage of rules for 3D features, including the ratio between height and width, the orientation and the distribution on the 2D floor map. The features around users are regarded as a unique 3D signature for the location. Based on prior researches on vanishing points and indoor geometric reasoning, we propose an algorithm to extract the signature from captured images and robustly decode the signature to accurate location and orientation. In terms of efficiency and user-friendliness, a series of optimizations are adopted through fusion of smartphone sensors and vision. We conduct experiments on different floors of a typical office building via the prototype built on Huawei P7 and iPhone 5S. Ninety percent of errors for location and orientation are within 25cm and two de4rees, respectively. With a 2D floor map provided, KB (-KiloByte-) level storage is required for the additional 3D information.
Chronic Alcohol Exposure Differentially Alters One‐Carbon Metabolism in Rat Liver and Brain

BACKGROUND Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation play an important role in regulating the pathophysiology of alcoholism. Chronic alcohol exposure leads to behavioral changes as well as decreased expression of genes associated with synaptic plasticity. In the liver, it has been documented that chronic alcohol exposure impairs methionine synthase (Ms) activity leading to a decrease in S-adenosyl methionine/S-adenosyl homocysteine (SAM/SAH) ratio which results in DNA hypomethylation; however, it is not known whether similar alterations of SAM and SAH levels are also produced in brain. METHODS Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were fed chronically with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol (EtOH) (9% v/v) or control diet. The EtOH-diet-fed rats were withdrawn for 0 and 24 hours. The cerebellum and liver tissues were dissected and used to investigate changes in one-carbon metabolism, SAM, and SAH levels. RESULTS We found that chronic EtOH exposure decreased SAM levels, SAM/SAH ratio, Ms, methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and increased methionine adenosyltransferase-2b (Mat2b) but not Mat2a expression in the liver. In contrast, chronic EtOH exposure decreased SAH levels, increased SAM/SAH ratio and the expression of Mat2a and S-adenosyl homocysteine hydrolase, while the levels of SAM or Bhmt expression in cerebellum remained unaltered. However, in both liver and cerebellum, chronic EtOH exposure decreased the expression of Ms and increased Mat2b expression. All chronic EtOH-induced changes of one-carbon metabolism in cerebellum, but not liver, returned to near-normal levels during EtOH withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate a decreased "methylation index" in liver and an increased "methylation index" in cerebellum. The opposing changes of the "methylation index" suggest altered DNA methylation in liver and cerebellum, thus implicating one-carbon metabolism in the pathophysiology of alcoholism.
Three dimensional flow analysis within a profile extrusion die by using control volume finite-element method

Three-dimensional flow analysis was performed by using the control volume finite-element method for design of a profile extrusion die. Because polymer melt behavior is complicated and cross-sectional shape of the profile extrusion die is changing continuously, the fluid flow within the die must be analyzed three-dimensionally. A commercially available polypropylene is used for theoretical and experimental investigations. Material properties are assumed to be constant except for the viscosity. The 5-constant modified Cross model is used for the numerical analysis. A test problem is examined in order to verify the accuracy of the numerical method. Simulations are performed for conditions of three different screw speeds and three different die temperatures. Predicted pressure distribution is compared with the experimental measurements and the results of the previous two-dimensional study. The computational results obtained by using three dimensional CVFEM agree with the experimental measurements and are more accurate than those obtained by using the two-dimensional cross-sectional method. The velocity profiles and the temperature distributions within several cross-sections of the die are given as contour plots.
Biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of dendrimer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles in BALB/c mice

Background The possibility of using a specific nanoparticle in nanomedicine highly depends on its biodistribution profile and biocompatibility. Due to growing demand for iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and dendrimers in biomedical applications, this study was performed to assess the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of dendrimer-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (G4@IONPs). Materials and methods IONPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and coated with the fourth generation (G4) of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer. To determine the biodistribution, 5 mg/mL G4@IONPs suspension was intraperitoneally injected into tumor-bearing BALB/c mice, and iron levels in blood and various organs, including the lung, liver, brain, heart, tumor, and kidney, were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after injection. Also, to investigate the toxicity of G4@IONPs, different concentrations of G4@IONPs were injected into BALB/c mice, and blood, renal, and hepatic factors were measured. Furthermore, histopathological staining was performed to investigate the effect of G4@IONPs on the liver and kidney tissues. Results The results showed that the iron content was higher in the kidney, liver, and lung tissues 24 h after injection. Toxicity assessments revealed a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and direct bilirubin at the concentration of 10 mg/kg. Also, in this concentration, histopathological abnormalities were detected in liver tissue. Conclusion Although more systematic studies are still required, our results encouraged the future investigations of G4@IONPs in biomedical applications.
The Development of PAG Refrigeration Lubricants for Hermetic Compressors With CO2

Due to increasing global environmental concern, Carbon dioxide (CO2), a type of natural gas, is being considered as an alternative refrigerant for automotive air conditioning systems . Additionally, CO2 is considered an alternative heat transfer fluid for heat pump systems. In this report, we evaluated the chemical and physical properties (Lubricity, Chemical stability, Miscibility, Mixture viscosity and other properties.) of possible base oils for a CO2 refrigeration lubricant. These base oils included PAG (Polyalkylene glycol), PVE (Polyvinyl ether), POE (Polyol ester) and PC (Polycarbonate). Our studies found that PAG is the best lubricant for a CO2 refrigeration system. This is because of its suitable miscibility, higher chemical stability and better lubricity under high pressure. Newly developed refrigeration lubricants using PAG have been successfully introduced into the market for CO2 heat pump water heater systems and CO2 automotive A/C systems.
An Approximate Convex Decomposition Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network Localization in Arbitrary-Shaped Fields

Accurate localization in wireless sensor networks is the foundation for many applications, such as geographic routing and position-aware data processing. In this paper, we develop a new localization protocol based on approximate convex decomposition (ACDL), with reliance on network connectivity information only. ACDL can calculate the node virtual locations for a large-scale sensor network with a complex shape. We first examine one representative localization algorithm and study the influential factors on the localization accuracy, including the sharpness of the angle at the concave point and the depth of the concave valley. We show that after decomposition, the depth of the concave valley becomes irrelevant. We thus define the concavity according to the angle at a concave point, which reflects the localization error. We then propose ACDL protocol for network localization. It consists of four main steps. First, convex and concave nodes are recognized and network boundaries are segmented. As the sensor network is discrete, we show that it is acceptable to approximately identify the concave nodes to control the localization error. Second, an approximate convex decomposition is conducted. Our convex decomposition requires only local information and we show that it has low message overhead. Third, for each convex section of the network, an improved MDS algorithm is proposed to compute a relative location map. Fourth, a fast and low complexity merging algorithm is developed to construct the global location map. Besides, by slight modification on the third step, we propose a variant of ACDL, denoted by ACDL-Tri, which is fully distributed and scalable while the localization accuracy is still comparable. We finally show the efficiency of ACDL by extensive simulations.
the design and implementation of the freebsd operating system

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Challenges in Modeling the Degradation of Ceramic Waste Forms

We identify the state of the art, gaps in current understanding, and key research needs in the area of modeling the long-term degradation of ceramic waste forms for nuclear waste disposition. The directed purpose of this report is to define a roadmap for Waste IPSC needs to extend capabilities of waste degradation to ceramic waste forms, which overlaps with the needs of the subconsinuum scale of FMM interests. The key knowledge gaps are in the areas of (i) methodology for developing reliable interatomic potentials to model the complex atomic-level interactions in waste forms; (ii) characterization of water interactions at ceramic surfaces and interfaces; and (iii) extension of atomic-level insights to the long time and distance scales relevant to the problem of actinide and fission product immobilization.
Holistic Indexing in Main-memory Column-stores

Great database systems performance relies heavily on index tuning, i.e., creating and utilizing the best indices depending on the workload. However, the complexity of the index tuning process has dramatically increased in recent years due to ad-hoc workloads and shortage of time and system resources to invest in tuning. This paper introduces holistic indexing, a new approach to automated index tuning in dynamic environments. Holistic indexing requires zero set-up and tuning effort, relying on adaptive index creation as a side-effect of query processing. Indices are created incrementally and partially;they are continuously refined as we process more and more queries. Holistic indexing takes the state-of-the-art adaptive indexing ideas a big step further by introducing the notion of a system which never stops refining the index space, taking educated decisions about which index we should incrementally refine next based on continuous knowledge acquisition about the running workload and resource utilization. When the system detects idle CPU cycles, it utilizes those extra cycles by refining the adaptive indices which are most likely to bring a benefit for future queries. Such idle CPU cycles occur when the system cannot exploit all available cores up to 100%, i.e., either because the workload is not enough to saturate the CPUs or because the current tasks performed for query processing are not easy to parallelize to the point where all available CPU power is exploited. In this paper, we present the design of holistic indexing for column-oriented database architectures and we discuss a detailed analysis against parallel versions of state-of-the-art indexing and adaptive indexing approaches. Holistic indexing is implemented in an open-source column-store DBMS. Our detailed experiments on both synthetic and standard benchmarks (TPC-H) and workloads (SkyServer) demonstrate that holistic indexing brings significant performance gains by being able to continuously refine the physical design in parallel to query processing, exploiting any idle CPU resources.
Ink-jet printing of binders for ceramic components

Layered manufacturing methods for fabricating ceramic components can involve selective deposition of binder using ink-jet printing. Selection of a proper binder plays a critical role in fabricating parts with good surface finish, dimensional accuracy, and high resolution. Several polymeric solution-phase binders were investigated in terms of their physical properties, printing performance, and binder-powder bed interaction. It was observed that the molecular weight should be <15 000 for the binder to be penetrated into dense powder compacts. Binder infiltration kinetics and printed line width were also significantly influenced by powder-bed characteristics, such as surface roughness and pore size, as well as the physical properties of the binder, such as viscosity and surface tension.