Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual differences in the neuropsychopathology of addiction

Drug addiction or substance-use disorder is a chronically relapsing disorder that progresses through binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect and preoccupation/anticipation stages. These stages represent diverse neurobiological mechanisms that are differentially involved in the transition from recreational to compulsive drug use and from positive to negative reinforcement. The progression from recreational to compulsive substance use is associated with downregulation of the brain reward systems and upregulation of the brain stress systems. Individual differences in the neurobiological systems that underlie the processing of reward, incentive salience, habits, stress, pain, and executive function may explain (i) the vulnerability to substance-use disorder; (ii) the diversity of emotional, motivational, and cognitive profiles of individuals with substance-use disorders; and (iii) heterogeneous responses to cognitive and pharmacological treatments. Characterization of the neuropsychological mechanisms that underlie individual differences in addiction-like behaviors is the key to understanding the mechanisms of addiction and development of personalized pharmacotherapy.
Continuum models for the contact line problem

Continuum models are derived for the moving contact line problem through a combination of macroscopic and microscopic considerations. Macroscopic thermodynamic argument is used to place constraints on the form of the boundary conditions at the solid surface and the contact line. This information is then used to set up molecular dynamics to measure the detailed functional dependence of the boundary conditions. Long range molecular forces are taken into account in the form of a surface potential. This allows us to handle the case of complete wetting as well as the case of partial wetting. In particular, we obtain a new continuum model for both cases in a unified form. Two main parameters and different spreading regimes are identified from the analysis of the energy dissipations for the continuum model. Scaling laws in these different regimes are derived. The new continuum model also allows us to derive boundary conditions for the lubrication approximation. Numerical results are presented for the thin film m.
Scalability of Land Use Monitoring Codes

Earth observation satellites (EOS) such as Landsat provide image datasets that can be immensely useful in numerous application domains, by extracting information via time series analysis (TSA). While several TSA algorithms exist, EOS datasets are prohibitively large, currently of the order of petabytes and growing. High performance computing (HPC) resources and optimized, scalable implementations, therefore, are indispensable. This paper presents implementations of two TSA algorithms in two languages — Python, an interpreted language using which much scalable computing is recently being achieved, and Fortran, a compiled language. Scalability and performance results are presented. In addition, a brief assessment on choice of programming language is also discussed. This work will be directly useful in land use and land cover change studies, of interest to terrestrial science research, especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on the environment, and in much broader applications such as health monitoring and urban transportation.
End-to-End Throughput of Ad Hoc Multi-Hop Networks in a Poisson Field of Interferers

This paper proposes a novel approach to assess the performance in terms of end-to-end throughput of an ad hoc multi-hop wireless network, where each link is affected by interference coming from other multi-hop paths nearby. The approach captures the mutual impact of each path on all others. It can be applied to both, contention-based and scheduled, medium access control (MAC) protocols. Sources have data to send to destination nodes through <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> relays. Nodes are assumed to be uniformly and randomly distributed in the 2-D infinite plane. The model shows the impact on the end-to-end throughput of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; it also captures the influence of node density, traffic generated, number of retransmissions, and other MAC parameters. Finally, the model provides the throughput-delay tradeoff. Unlike most previous approaches, the mathematical tool proposed appears to be scalable, allowing easy extension to any number of hops. Comparison with simulation results is provided to prove that the impact of the approximations introduced in the analysis is almost negligible.
Great Lakes Herring Gull Egg PCB Concentrations Indicate Approximate Steady-State Conditions.

PCB concentrations in Great Lakes herring gull eggs exhibited decreases following the imposition of regulations banning PCB manufacture. However, gull egg concentrations in Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, and Ontario now appear to have stabilized or slightly increased. Concentrations in Lake Erie gull eggs still appearto be decreasing, though the variability in these data may limit the ability to differentiate trend changes until more data are available. This pattern is consistent with previously reported findings of stabilizing PCB concentrations in Great Lakes fishes and suggests that future improvements will be slow and difficult to discern.
Ethnicity variables in the incidence rates of leukemias in New Zealand populations: Implications for stem‐cell transplantation

New Zealand has a population of 4 million people comprising four main ethnic groups: Caucasian (72.9%), New Zealand Maori (14.7%), New Zealand Pacific Islands people (5.6%), and Asians (6.3%). We examined 10 years of data (1993–2002) from the New Zealand Cancer Registry to determine if there are ethnic differences in leukemia incidence in New Zealand, and we relate this to availability of stem‐cell transplantation. We found that New Zealand Asians have a generally lower incidence of all leukemias investigated. New Zealand Maori have an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (RR 1.5 in the age group 25–49 and RR 1.31 in the age group 50–74), relative to New Zealand Caucasians. New Zealand Pacific Islanders have an increased risk of chronic myeloid leukemia (RR 2.13 in the age group 25–49 and RR 1.52 in the age group 50–74). Stem‐cell transplantation is a standard curative treatment for ages 25–49, and current opinion is extending the acceptable age up to age 60, in certain cases. We conclude that, among New Zealand Maori and New Zealand Pacific Islanders, there is an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia in age groups suitable for stem‐cell transplantation. However, both of these ethnic groups have previously been shown to have a reduced chance of finding a 6/6‐matched unrelated donor on international registries. This leads to disproportionate provision of transplantation health care among the ethnic groups in New Zealand. Am. J. Hematol. 79:114–118, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Imaging performance measurements for a 1mm3 resolution clinical PET system

BREAST cancer is the most common cancer in women [1]. High-resolution, breast-dedicated PET can provide complementary information to guide cancer management, alongside traditional imaging modalities such as mammography, MRI, and ultrasound [2]. A dual-panel PET camera dedicated to breast imaging (Fig. 1) is being constructed and tested in our lab, with high sensitivity, 1mm3 spatial resolution, and capability for 3-D positioning of one or more interactions per event. Each 8×8 LYSO crystal array is coupled to a position-sensitive avalanche photodiode (PSAPD), and 2 PSAPDs are multiplexed together into a dual-module, which provides energy, timing, and crystal identification capabilities [3]. 16 dual-modules are assembled side-by-side to form a detector layer, 8 detector layers are stacked vertically to form a cartridge, and 9 cartridges make up one detector head for a total panel area of ~10 × 16cm2.
Microchimerism in sensitized renal patients.

BACKGROUND Patients exposed to allogeneic human tissue sometimes produce anti-HLA antibody for many years in the absence of further obvious antigen exposure. To investigate the mechanism of sustained sensitization, we identified females awaiting renal transplantation with high panel-reactive antibody but no exposure to allogeneic tissue for at least 1 month. METHODS We analyzed peripheral blood microchimerism using nested polymerase chain reaction amplification specific for the SRY region of the Y chromosome. RESULTS Microchimerism was detected in 3 of 10 patients but in none of 8 normal female subjects. In two cases, the amplified DNA polymerase chain reaction product was sequenced and was confirmed to be identical to the SRY gene. The estimated level of chimerism as compared with serial dilutions of DNA from male peripheral blood leukocytes was about 1/50000. CONCLUSION These results do not establish causality but support the possibility that antigens from microchimeric donor cells may sustain the HLA antibody response in certain patients.
Evaluation of the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of shortened versions of the geriatric depression scale.

BACKGROUND Many scales have been developed to assess depression, but they are often too lengthy to be of practical use in general practice consultations. AIM A study was undertaken to investigate the feasibility, reliability and diagnostic value of the geriatric depression scale and its shorter versions for screening in general practice. METHOD A total of 586 consecutive consulting patients aged 65 years and over were studied in nine general practices in the west of the Netherlands (13 doctors). The 30-item version of the geriatric depression value was compared with the diagnostic interview schedule as a reference test. RESULTS The reference test indicated a major depression in six patients while 27 patients had a dysthymic disorder (that is, a chronic mild depression). Five per cent of patients required help for 50% of the questions on the geriatric depression scale. The diagnostic value of the 30-item, 15-item, 10-item and four-item versions did not differ significantly, but the one-item version performed no better than chance. Two items discriminated best between patients who were and who were not depressed (P < 0.05), only one of which was included in a previously proposed four-item version of the scale. The reliability of the proposed four-item version was 0.64, the reliability of the other versions ranging from 0.70 to 0.87. CONCLUSION The results for the different versions of the geriatric depression scale suggest the use of a 10-item or a four-item version. For practical purposes, the smallest subset would be the most desirable: the four-item version. These scales may be better suited for exclusion rather than inclusion purposes. The feasibility of screening for depression in elderly people in a general practice setting is discussed in the light of the results of the study.
Identifying and Analyzing Popular Phrases Multi-Dimensionally in Social Media Data

With the success of social media, social network analysis has become a very hot research topic and attracted much attention in the last decade. Most studies focus on analyzing the whole network from the perspective of topology or contents. However, there is still no systematic model proposed for multi-dimensional analysis on big social media data. Furthermore, little work has been done on identifying emerging new popular phrases and analyzing them multi-dimensionally. In this paper, the authors first propose an interactive systematic framework. In order to detect the emerging new popular phrases effectively and efficiently, they present an N-Pat Tree model and give some filtering mechanisms. They also propose an algorithm to find and analyze new popular phrases multi-dimensionally. The experiments on one-year Tencent-Microblogs data have demonstrated the effectiveness of their work and shown many meaningful results.
Exploring the measurement of sustainable development in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)

This paper explores the consistency of a proposed method of measuring sustainable development in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), with particular reference to the Gold Standard, a premium CDM label. The research applies a sustainability matrix to 40 CDM and 40 Gold Standard projects to explore the relative influence of different drivers of sustainable development. The study finds that Gold Standard accreditation and project host country are the primary drivers of whether CDM projects have potential to promote a range of sustainable development benefits in this sample. Other postulated drivers including number of CERs (Certified Emissions Reductions) generated and project type are found to be statistically inconsistent. The paper concludes that a set of quantitative measures for sustainable development could improve transparency in assessments of sustainable development potential.
ChromA: signal-based retention time alignment for chromatography–mass spectrometry data

Summary: We describe ChromA, a web-based alignment tool for chromatography–mass spectrometry data from the metabolomics and proteomics domains. Users can supply their data in open and standardized file formats for retention time alignment using dynamic time warping with different configurable local distance and similarity functions. Additionally, user-defined anchors can be used to constrain and speedup the alignment. A neighborhood around each anchor can be added to increase the flexibility of the constrained alignment. ChromA offers different visualizations of the alignment for easier qualitative interpretation and comparison of the data. For the multiple alignment of more than two data files, the center-star approximation is applied to select a reference among input files to align to. Availability: ChromA is available at http://bibiserv.techfak.uni-bielefeld.de/chroma. Executables and source code under the L-GPL v3 license are provided for download at the same location. Contact: stoye@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
BANKRUPTCY AS A CORPORATE STRATEGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR TURNOVER IN THE TOP MANAGEMENT TEAM AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS

This paper examines Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a corporate strategy, segregating filings for corporate reorganization in the U.S. from 1998 through 2007 into those due to financial distress (FDB) and those believed to be for risk-management purposes (RMB). Twenty-seven RMB and 199 FDB firms were compared to each other, and to 226 matched non-bankrupt firms. Altman‟s Z-score clearly differed between the RMB and FDB firms, suggesting that the two are separate constructs financially as well as legally. A subset of 81 firms (the 27 RMB matched to 27 non-bankrupt and 27 FDB) were studied for turnover among the members of the top management team, the board chair, and the members of the board. With the exception of the board chair, FDB firms exhibited materially higher turnover in these positions than their RMB counterparts. These results support FDB and RMB as separate constructs with dissimilar antecedents and outcomes, and suggest that executives and board members involved with RMB filings do not experience the adverse career consequences that follow an FDB filing.
Structure-Activity Considerations in Risk Assessment: a Simulation Study

The use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) is considered with respect to estimating the carcinogenic risk of untested chemicals. SAR derived from a retrospective classification of a series of aromatic amines were used to study the estimation of carcinogenic risk by analogy. Using pattern recognition methods, a series of molecular descriptors were developed for a data set of aromatic amines that supported a linear discriminant function capable of separating compounds testing positively for carcinogenicity from those testing negatively. Linear discriminant analysis correctly categorized the compounds as positive or negative in 94.9% of the cases. For each aromatic amine within the subset of positive compounds, the most appropriate analogue was identified using physicochemical, topological, geometric and electronic molecular descriptors as variables. An upper-limit unit risk estimate was calculated for each compound that was a positive carcinogen within the data set using the linearized multistage model. The actual risk and the risk estimated by analogy to a congener were compared for each compound within the positive subset. The results support estimating both qualitative and quantitative carcinogenic risk by analogy for this particular data set.
Analysis on Embedded Network Structure Based on User Preference

Embeddedness is the core idea of social network analysis.The existing Internet structure research only uses the methods as reference but pays no attention to the social network theory.It is not conductive to understanding and mining the deep relationship between user behavior and network structure.Aiming at the limitations of framework of the correlations between users and resources,this paper constructs an analysis framework of network behavior based on user preference,proposes the view of embedded network structure,and analyzes the double embedded relationships among user behavior,Internet social network and real society network.This article present a series of measurement indexes and analysis methods from two dimensions—relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness.The study is an exploration for the deep structure of Internet.
Consumer Knowledge Assessment

The results of studies reported in this article suggest that product-related experience has a greater influence on self-assessed knowledge judgments than does stored product class information and that this greater influence is due to greater accessibility in memory. In addition, stored product class information was found to be a more important determinant of objective than self-assessed knowledge, while product-related experience was a more important determinant of self-assessed than objective knowledge. We discuss implications of these results for the relationship between self-assessed and objective knowledge and for future research involving consumer knowledge constructs. Copyright 1994 by the University of Chicago.
Therapeutic strategies for epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in HIV-infected patients, and is one of the AIDS-defining diagnoses. Several different therapeutic options are available, but the optimal therapy is still unclear. The incidence of KS has sharply declined since highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became widely available, making HAART indispensable in the treatment of epidemic KS. HAART can be given alone or in combination with systemic and local therapy. Systemic therapy can be given in disseminated, progressive or symptomatic disease. Treatment options are interferon-α and chemotherapy including pegylated-liposomal anthracyclines and paclitaxel. For local disease, radiotherapy, intralesional chemotherapy or cryotherapy may be used. In resource-limited settings, intravenous vincristine, oral etoposide or intramuscular bleomycin may be feasible options. Other therapies, such as angiogenesis inhibitors, are under investigation in clinical trials.
Modeling Consumer Choice among SKUs

Most choice models in marketing implicitly assume that the fundamental unit of analysis is the brand. In reality, however, many more of the decisions made by consumers, manufacturers, and retailers occur at the level of the stock-keeping unit (SKU). The authors address a variety of issues involved in defining and using SKUs in a choice model, as well as the unique benefits that arise from doing so. They discuss how a set of discrete attributes (e.g., brand name, package size, type) can be used to characterize a large set of SKUs in a parsimonious manner. They postulate that consumers do not form preferences for each individual SKU, per se, but instead evaluate the underlying attributes that describe each item. The model is shown to be substantially superior to a more traditional framework that does not emphasize the complete use of SKU attribute information. Their analysis also highlights several other benefits associated with the proposed modeling approach, such as the ability to forecast sales for imitative line extensions that enter the market in a future period. Other implications and extensions also are discussed.
Apoptotic endothelial cells demonstrate increased adhesiveness for human mesenchymal stem cells

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) participate in the wound healing process in mammalians. Adhesion of MSCs to endothelium is a key step in the homing of MSCs circulating in the bloodstream to the sites of injury and inflammation. Because endothelial cells (ECs) may become apoptotic under certain pro‐inflammatory conditions, we investigated the effects of pro‐inflammatory, TNF‐α and IL‐1β, and pro‐apoptotic agents, actinomycin D, cycloheximide, okadaic acid, wortmannin, and staurosporine, on human MSCs (hMSCs) adhesion to ECs. Treatment of ECs with pro‐apoptotic agents markedly increased adhesion of hMSCs to ECs. This adhesion correlated with reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of NADH dehydrogenases, and release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) by ECs. Treatment of ECs with exogenous vWF also stimulated hMSC adhesion. These data provide evidence that apoptosis of ECs may regulate homing of hMSCs to the sites of tissue injury. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that activation of apoptotic signaling pathways in ECs releases vWF which regulates hMSC adhesion to ECs. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 23–30, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Qualitative Study on Negative Emotions Triggered by Breastfeeding; Describing the Phenomenon of Breastfeeding/Nursing Aversion and Agitation in Breastfeeding Mothers

Background: Breastfeeding aversion and agitation (BAA) while breastfeeding is anecdotally known to occur in some women who breastfeed while pregnant or those who tandem feed a newborn and a toddler. However, it is a little-researched area and the paucity of published literature around BAA reveals a significant gap in the literature. Materials and Methods: This study presents the findings and responses of 694 women who filled in an anonymous survey questionnaire that collected data on their basic demographics and their experiences with breastfeeding. It uses thematic and inductive content analysis, with qualitative interpretive description to present the findings. Results: The findings of this study shed light on an experienced phenomenon of aversion and agitation whilst breastfeeding, which varies in form, severity, and duration. It is characterised by feelings of anger or rage, a skin crawling sensation and an urge to remove the suckling infant, but can also be feelings of agitation and irritability whilst the infant is latched. A number of mothers who experience aversion still continue to breastfeed, but have feelings of guilt and shame while also experiencing confusion around those feelings. Conclusions: BAA is a phenomenon that occurs in some women who breastfeed, whereby breastfeeding triggers negative emotions. The reason women experience it is not clearly known. Research is needed to understand its cause, triggers, and strategies to minimise the experience in breastfeeding mothers.