Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New accurate method to analyze both floating gate charge and tunnel oxide trapped charge profile in NAND flash memory

New method to extract the amount of floating (FG) charge (QFG) apart from oxide trapped charge (Qox) generated by program and erase (P/E) cycles is proposed, for the first time. QFG shift by P/E cycling shows asymmetry between programmed and erased states as follows; QFG exhibits the peak at ~100 cycles in programmed state, while QFG monotonically reduces in erased state. Next, the midgap voltage (Vmid) shift of the cell caused by the generation of Qox is also extracted by this method. Therefore, it enables to analyze the profiles of the hole and electron-trap separately across the oxide in detail. It is demonstrated that the hole-trap is mainly distributed near to Si surface and the centroid of electron-trap is located near to the middle of oxide. In addition, it is found that hole-trap near to Si has strong dependence on erase bias.
Evidence of a selective increase in cardiac sympathetic activity in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias.

BACKGROUND Although enhanced efferent cardiac sympathetic nervous activity has been proposed as an important factor in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, direct clinical evidence has been lacking. METHODS We measured the rates of total and cardiac norepinephrine spillover into the plasma, which reflect respectively overall and cardiac sympathetic nervous activity, in 12 patients who had recovered from a spontaneous, sustained episode of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation outside the hospital 4 to 48 days earlier. The results were compared with those from three age-matched reference groups without a history of ventricular arrhythmias: 12 patients with coronary artery disease, 6 patients with chest pain but normal coronary arteries, and 12 healthy, normal subjects. RESULTS The patients who had had ventricular arrhythmias had reduced left ventricular ejection fractions, as compared with the patients with coronary artery disease or chest pain (mean [+/- SE], 46 +/- 3 percent vs. 58 +/- 4 percent and 69 +/- 5 percent, respectively; P less than 0.003). The rates of total norepinephrine spillover into the plasma were similar in the three reference groups, but 80 percent higher in the patients with ventricular arrhythmias (P less than 0.005). The rate of cardiac norepinephrine spillover was 450 percent higher in these patients (176 +/- 39 pmol per minute, as compared with 32 +/- 8 pmol per minute in the normal subjects; P less than 0.001), a disproportionate increase relative to the increase in total spillover, which indicated selective activation of the cardiac sympathetic outflow. This increase in cardiac norepinephrine spillover was probably caused by a reduction in left ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in some patients major ventricular arrhythmias are associated with and perhaps caused by sustained and selective cardiac sympathetic activation. We speculate that depressed ventricular function was present before the ventricular arrhythmia occurred, and that this resulted in reflex cardiac sympathetic activation, which in turn contributed to the genesis of the arrhythmia.
Detecting gene‐environment interactions using a case‐control design

We assessed the sample size required for detecting gene‐environment (G × E) interactions in a case‐control study of complex diseases. The results suggest that large numbers of cases and controls will be required to detect G × E interaction for some odds ratio and exposure frequency combinations. These and other results suggest that alternative study designs may be needed to detect G × E interaction particularly with rare genes or uncommon environmental exposures. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards an energy function of spinning reserve with respect to frequency for the spinning reserve - load shedding economical equilibrium

This paper presents part of a more extensive work to solve the equilibrium point between the spinning reserve margin and the load shedding scheme as a consequence of generation failure so as to compensate economical transfers between generators and consumers. This paper analyses the effect of generation failures for different reserve levels considering a full dynamic representation. To this purpose, the SIME (Single Machine Equivalent) concept is been adapted to obtain from its results an OMIB (One Machine Infinity Bus) model of the power system. Preliminary results show the it is possible to find a decelerating energy function whose principal characteristics is to be linear with respect to system frequency. This equation will be then transfer to the economic area containing hence system dynamics.
Transformer Overload Management and Condition Monitoring

Thermal protection of power/distribution transformers is possible by using simple thermal models proposed by IEEE/IEC standards. These models are solved on-line and mainly supervise the hot spot temperature. From another point of view, there are many on-line monitoring systems working on chemical composition of insulating oil. These equipments can analyze the Degree of Polymerization (DP) and/or perform Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). Although, these equipments are not as fast as on-line thermal models that calculate the hot spot temperature or measure the hot spot directly, they can be effectively used to evaluate the condition of a transformer in a more realistic way. In this paper, a loss of life model is proposed that is not only based on the hot spot temperature, but also in terms of the several chemical dissociation effects (decomposition byproducts of cellulose). The proposed method can estimate the elapsed life in a more realistic manner based on more criteria relating to insulation aging.
Cediranib, an oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinases, is an active drug in recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer.

PURPOSE Angiogenesis is important for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) growth, and blocking angiogenesis can lead to EOC regression. Cediranib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) -1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and c-kit. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a phase II study of cediranib for recurrent EOC or peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer; cediranib was administered as a daily oral dose, and the original dose was 45 mg daily. Because of toxicities observed in the first 11 patients, the dose was lowered to 30 mg. Eligibility included <or= two lines of chemotherapy for recurrence. End points included response rate (via Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] or modified Gynecological Cancer Intergroup CA-125), toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Forty-seven patients were enrolled; 46 were treated. Clinical benefit rate (defined as complete response [CR] or partial response [PR], stable disease [SD] > 16 weeks, or CA-125 nonprogression > 16 weeks), which was the primary end point, was 30%; eight patients (17%; 95% CI, 7.6% to 30.8%) had a PR, six patients (13%; 95% CI, 4.8% to 25.7%) had SD, and there were no CRs. Eleven patients (23%) were removed from study because of toxicities before two cycles. Grade 3 toxicities (> 20% of patients) included hypertension (46%), fatigue (24%), and diarrhea (13%). Grade 2 hypothyroidism occurred in 43% of patients. Grade 4 toxicities included CNS hemorrhage (n = 1), hypertriglyceridemia/hypercholesterolemia/elevated lipase (n = 1), and dehydration/elevated creatinine (n = 1). No bowel perforations or fistulas occurred. Median PFS was 5.2 months, and median OS has not been reached; median follow-up time is 10.7 months. CONCLUSION Cediranib has activity in recurrent EOC, tubal cancer, and peritoneal cancer with predictable toxicities observed with other TKIs.
Dual Effects of TNF on Synthesis of Complement Components by a Gastric Cancer–Derived Cell Line, KATO–III

Background: Complement components are synthesized extrahepatically, although hepatocytes are the major source of plasma complement. It is now clear that local production of complement is important in homeostasis and immune defense in tissue. Methods: The secretion of complement components was studied in vitro with a gastric cancer–derived cell line, KATO–III (signet–ring cell carcinoma). Complement components C2 and C3 were estimated by functional assay and/or ELISA in culture medium obtained after incubation of KATO–III cells for 3 days in protein–free culture medium, with or without addition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% air at 37°C. Results: (1) While a higher amount of C3 was detected in medium when KATO–III cells were cultured in the presence of TNF than in medium lacking TNF, higher C2 activity was detected when cultured in medium lacking TNF than in TNF–supplemented medium. (2) TNF suppressed C2 secretion and enhanced C3 secretion in a dose–dependent fashion. (3) C3 secretion remained less than 20 ng/106 cells/24 h but increased from the first day of TNF (10U/ml) addition (concentrations approached 108.6– 115.6 ng/106 cells/24 h on the 3rd day) and decreased on the 1st day without TNF. In contrast, C2 activity, detected when cultured in the absence of TNF, was decreased on the 2nd day of TNF addition and increased again on the 1st day without TNF. The daily secretion of C2 in the absence of TNF was 3.75–6.30×107 effective molecules/106 cells. (4) Reversible inhibition of C2 and C3 secretion was observed when the cell line was cultured in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating that both components were synthesized de novo. Conclusion: It appears that TNF enhances C3 secretion and suppresses C2 secretion by KATO–III.
How could service-orientation contribute to business performance: The mediation effect of service practice

As market competition intensifies, the profit margin of traditional manufacturing industry is decreasing. Commentators suggested to choose a service-oriented strategy and develop more and better services to meet customer needs, for the purpose of achieving competitive advantage and enhancing business performance. Though many researchers have validated the positive relationship between service-oriented strategy and business performance, the mechanism of such relationship is not clear yet. Our study aim to fill the gap, discussing the mediation effect of service practice. Result show that: service orientation is positively related to business performance, and this positive relationship is mediated by service practice. Our research furthers the theory of service orientation and provide guidelines for manufacturing managers. Future studies should focus on the impact of customer orientation on service practice and service orientation strategy.
Tracking Moving Objects: A Comparative Study

: Visual tracking is considered to be one of the most important challenges in computer vision with numerous applications such as object recognition and detection.Inthe present paper, four tracking techniques will be introduced circulant structure with kernels (CSK), Kernelized correlation filters (KCF), Adaptive color attributes (ACT), and distractor – awareness tracker (DAT) for the visual object tracking (VOT14) challenge datasets. Performance evaluation for each method was calculated using three measures; center location error (CLE), distance precision (DP), and speed in frames per second (FPS). Results have shown that KCF tracker is the fastest technique. It achieves the best results in most sequences and the highest precision at lower threshold. It is used in time-critical application with satisfactory performance. Each tracker performs favorable and competitive results in some sequence and fails in others. So it is noted that the choice of the tracker is application dependent.
Person Identification Using Evoked Potentials and Peak Matching

In this paper, we explore visually evoked potentials (VEPs) as a potential tool for biometric identification. Using a clinical stimulation paradigm, single channel pattern onset VEPs are recorded from raw EEG from 10 healthy male subjects aged between 20 and 24. Following this, two feature extraction techniques are employed to characterize the signals. Specifically, a novel, physiologically relevant peak matching algorithm is proposed and its performance is compared to features obtained from multi-resolution wavelet analysis. Once suitably characterized, the VEPs from different individuals are classified using a standard distance-measure based algorithm.
Characterization of the semi-insulating properties of Al2O3 and AlHfO3.5 for power devices

Physical and electrical characterization of alumina and hafnium aluminates gate dielectrics were carried out to investigate their semi-insulating characteristics as passivating layer for power devices. The deposited films were annealed in pure nitrogen to simulate the thermal budget during a conventional CMOS processing. C-V measurements were performed having as a result a high-frequency behavior of the flat band voltage (VFB) being increased from about -0.8V for Al2O3 to values greater than or equal to zero for AlHfO3.5. On the other hand, the leakage phenomenon was modeled with a simplified electrical model using a leakage admittance YC whose influence was predominant at the accumulation region. Using X-ray reflectometry (XRR), the average thickness obtained was 15.5nm and a leakage process was inferred to occur for AlHfO3.5 due to the observed phase separation and crystallization that occurs after annealing in pure N2.
Brefeldin A, thapsigargin, and AlF  4− stimulate the accumulation of GRP78 mRNA in a cycloheximide dependent manner, whilst induction by hypoxia is independent of protein synthesis

The glucose regulated proteins (GRPs) are major structural components of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are involved in the import, folding, and processing of ER proteins. Expression of the glucose regulated proteins (GRP78 and GRP94) is greatly increased after cells are exposed to stress agents (including A23187 and tunicamycin) which inhibit ER function. Here, we demonstrate that three novel inhibitors of ER function, thapsigargin (which inhibits the ER Ca2+‐ATPase), brefeldin A (an inhibitor of vesicle transport between the ER and Golgi) and AlF−4, (which inhibits trimeric G‐proteins), can increase the expression of both GRP78 and 94. The common characteristic shared by activators of GRP expression is that they disrupt some function of the ER. The increased levels of GRPs may be a response to the accumulation of aberrant proteins in the ER or they may be increased in response to structural/functional damage to the ER. The increased accumulation of GRP78 mRNA after exposure of cells to either thapsigargin, brefeldin A, AlF−4, A23187, or tunicamycin can be blocked by pre‐incubation in cycloheximide. In contrast, accumulation of GRPs after exposure to hypoxia was independent of cycloheximide. In addition, the protein kinase inhibitor genistein blocked the thapsigargin induced accumulation of GRP78 mRNA, whereas the protein phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid caused increased accumulation of GRP78 mRNA. The data indicates that there are at least 2 mechanisms for induced expression of GRPs, one of which involves a phosphorylation step and requires new protein synthesis (e.g., thapsigargin, A23187) and one which is independent of both these steps (hypoxia). © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Automated Way of Baking Process for Moisture Sensitive Components

The objective of my project is to the new technology termed as “baking process” to remove the moisture content available in the particular electronics devices which is used in Rea time industrial application. In Industries there are certain policies are maintained for semiconductor devices, which referred as “Shelf life” of the material. Once it crossed its lifetime, some process need to done to extend this. Depends on the moisture sensitive characteristics baking is employed mainly to shelf life extension. The Baking is the process of removing of moisture content from particular semiconductor device in order to effective usage in the production line. In my propose method the moisture content is measured by corresponding moisture sensor. If it is normal level the processor goes to the normal state, If it is reaches the abnormal level (presence of moisture) the processor baked the product. Temperature and humidity sensors are effectively monitor and provide the signal to the processor. The UTLP kit provide the information about the status of the product. Full Text: PDF
Characterizing Forest Structure by Means of Remote Sensing: A Review

Forest management comprises of a wide range of planning stages and activities which are highly variable according to the goals and strategies being pursued. Furthermore, those activities often include a requirement for description of condition and dynamics of forests (Koch et al., 2009). Forest ecosystems are often required to be described by a set of general characteristics including composition, function, and structure (Franklin, 1986). Composition is described by presence or dominance of woody species or by relative indices of biodiversity. Forest functional characteristics are related to issues like types and rates of processes such as carbon sequestration. Apart from them, the physical characteristics of forests are essential to be expressed. This description is often accomplished under the general concept of forest structure. However, the entire above-mentioned characteristics are required for timber management/procurement practices, as well as for mapping forests into smaller units or compartments.
Structural Changes during Cysteine Desulfurase CsdA and Sulfur Acceptor CsdE Interactions Provide Insight into the trans-Persulfuration*

Background: Cysteine desulfurases deliver sulfur from cysteine to sulfur acceptors for sulfur utilization in various biological processes. Results: The crystal structure of CsdA-CsdE invokes a unique binding mode compared with other cysteine desulfurase and sulfur acceptor complexes. Conclusion: Conformational flexibility is pronounced only in the region of CsdE during the sulfur transfer interaction. Significance: This structure marks the first complex structure between CsdA/SufS-type cysteine desulfurase and the sulfur acceptor. In Escherichia coli, three cysteine desulfurases (IscS, SufS, and CsdA) initiate the delivery of sulfur for various biological processes such as the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters. The sulfur generated as persulfide on a cysteine residue of cysteine desulfurases is further transferred to Fe-S scaffolds (e.g. IscU) or to intermediate cysteine-containing sulfur acceptors (e.g. TusA, SufE, and CsdE) prior to its utilization. Here, we report the structures of CsdA and the CsdA-CsdE complex, which provide insight into the sulfur transfer mediated by the trans-persulfuration reaction. Analysis of the structures indicates that the conformational flexibility of the active cysteine loop in CsdE is essential for accepting the persulfide from the cysteine of CsdA. Additionally, CsdA and CsdE invoke a different binding mode than those of previously reported cysteine desulfurase (IscS) and sulfur acceptors (TusA and IscU). Moreover, the conservation of interaction-mediating residues between CsdA/SufS and CsdE/SufE further suggests that the SufS-SufE interface likely resembles that of CsdA and CsdE.
Spectral Based Non-Invasive Estimation of Plant Chlorophyll Content

Pot experiment was conducted with 10 wheat genotypes for understanding their behavior to different water stress levels. Hyperspectral data (350 to 2500 nm) and plant chlorophyll content were measured at different stress levels for identifying spectral indices and prediction models to develop non-invasive chlorophyll estimation protocols for a large number of genotypes. Evaluation of sensitive spectral indices was done with respect to leaf chlorophyll content and prediction models were developed. Models could satisfactorily predict the chlorophyll content of the samples, which were kept in same environment (R2 ~ 0.29-0.75, 0.09-0.43 and 0.32-0.71, for chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll, respectively). The root mean square error between measured and predicted chlorophyll contents was the lowest for modified normalized difference index (mND705). Among the normalized difference spectral indices (NDSI), NDSI_Chla (R700, R762), NDSI_Chlb (R660, R764), and NDSI_Total_Chl (R700, R762) satisfactorily predicted chlorophyll a, b and the total content, respectively. The retrieval of chlorophyll a and total content through our proposed indices was better than by using traditional vegetation indices, but in case of chlorophyll b, the indices were unsatisfactory in prediction. Newly developed and validated spectral algorithms specific to chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content can further be used for nondestructive estimation of chlorophyll content in wheat.
Feature Combination Approaches for Discriminative Language Models

This paper focuses on feature combination approaches for discriminative language models (DLMs). DLM is a feature-based log-linear language modeling approach where the feature parameters are estimated discriminatively. DLM allows for easy integration of various knowledge sources into language modeling. Choosing the proper strategy when combining features coming from different information sources is important. We investigated three approaches for combining lexical, word class, and acoustic features in DLMs. The three approaches are joint parameter estimation, cascade training, and model score combination. The cascade approach is an interesting approach that ﬁnally gave the best test set performance, improving the word error rate by 0.49% absolute (3% relative) on transcription of English Broadcast News. The word class features and state duration features were found to be very complementary, and their combination provided most of the improvement.
University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Ontology Forecasting in Scientific Literature : Semantic Concepts Prediction based on Innovation-Adoption Priors Conference Item

The ontology engineering research community has focused for many years on supporting the creation, development and evolution of ontologies. Ontology forecasting, which aims at predicting semantic changes in an ontology, represents instead a new challenge. In this paper, we want to give a contribution to this novel endeavour by focusing on the task of forecasting semantic concepts in the research domain. Indeed, ontologies representing scientific disciplines contain only research topics that are already popular enough to be selected by human experts or automatic algorithms. They are thus unfit to support tasks which require the ability of describing and exploring the forefront of research, such as trend detection and horizon scanning. We address this issue by introducing the Semantic Innovation Forecast (SIF) model, which predicts new concepts of an ontology at time t+ 1, using only data available at time t. Our approach relies on lexical innovation and adoption information extracted from historical data. We evaluated the SIF model on a very large dataset consisting of over one million scientific papers belonging to the Computer Science domain: the outcomes show that the proposed approach offers a competitive boost in mean average precision-at-ten compared to the baselines when forecasting over 5 years.