Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pleiotropic Functions of HTLV-1 Tax Contribute to Cellular Transformation

Human T cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the only retrovirus known to be the etiologic agent of a human cancer, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a highly aggressive cancer of mature T cells. Epidemiological reports suggest that 10 to 20 million people throughout the world are infected with HTLV-1, which is endemic in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, Japan, and South America [1]. HTLV-1 encodes a regulatory protein, Tax, which is essential for virus replication and plays a significant role in the oncogenic potential of HTLV-1. This chapter will summarize the effects of Tax on cellular processes including transcription, cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA repair, and will discuss how these activities may contribute to its transforming potential.
Behavioural responses to science-based eco-labelling: gold, silver, or bronze

ABSTRACT This study uses unique data collected from field experiments to investigate consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for otherwise homogeneous commodities that provide different levels of environmental services. On average, individuals are willing to pay more for products that provide a higher level of ecosystem services. This effect is larger when the label contains symbols that explicitly differentiate the levels. The effect magnitude is further amplified when it contains brief information on the scientific basis for the levels. However, our results also suggest that the WTP premium for the superior product is smaller than the discount in WTP for the inferior product.
Chondrodermatitis Nodularis Helicis

Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CONH) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory and degenerative proces s of the externa l ear. It is characterized by necrobiotic changes in the dermis that extend down to the perichondrium; associated altera tions are seen in the cartilaginous plate. The dermal inj ury is thought to be attributable to a com bination offactors: local traum a, actinic damage, and the relatively tenuous vascularity of the auricle. The necrobiotic dermal collagen-and in some cases the carti laginous matrix-is extruded through a crater-like defect in the epidermis; thus , CONH is considered to be one of the transepidernial eliminat ion disorders. CONH presents as an exquisitely painfu l nodule, usually on the helix or antihelix . The lesion orig inates as a reddish, round, indurated nodule that measures severalmillimeters in diameter. Over a period of days to a few weeks, the nodule develops a centra l crate r that contains crust-like material. Overall, CONH is more common in men, although lesions ofthe antihelix are more common in women. Most patients present during the sixth decade of life. Mature nodules are firm, round, and circumscr ibed. The central cra ter contains yellow to brown acellular necrotic debris, fibrin, and a variable number of inflammatory cells (figure I). The epidermis surrounding the crater is acanthotic with hyperkeratosis. The dermal collagen underlying the crater is homogeneous and eosinophilic , and it is admixed
Trip coil signature analysis and interpretation for distribution circuit breaker condition assessment and diagnosis

A circuit breaker may be considered an ‘active link’, used to make and break an electrical circuit under conditions of varying severity. In the event of a circuit fault the circuit breaker must respond within tens of milliseconds in order to prevent damage to connected plant and safeguard personnel. As such, a circuit breaker will remain idle for the bulk of its lifetime, only being called into action periodically to interrupt load or fault current. This makes the circuit breaker one of the most safety critical, yet most unpredictable plant items on the power network. In addition, circuit breaker mal-operations account for a significant proportion of Customer Minutes Lost (CMLs), Customer Interruptions (CIs), plant replacement costs and safety issues. Conflicting regulatory and economic pressures to improve the performance, reliability and longevity of these, and other major plant items while reducing maintenance costs have forced many utilities to reassess their asset management and maintenance strategies [1]. This has led to significant investment in novel condition monitoring technologies, which in turn precipitate the need for new methods of analysing and interpreting new forms and increasing volumes of plant data.
Desituating Action: Digital Representation of Context

Many psychological studies have shown that when we act, and especially when we interact, we consciously and unconsciously attend to context of many types. Sensors can pick up some but not all context that is acquired through our senses. Some context is lost, some is added, and captured context is presented in new ways. Digital aggregators and interpreters do not aggregate and interpret the same way we do. Missing or altered context disrupts our processing of information in ways that we may not recognize. To address the disruption we may use additional sensors to capture and deliver some of the missing context. Learning to handle these new conduits is then a further source of disruption, and on it can go. With greater knowledge of context, we can work and interact more efficiently, assuming that we can learn to take advantage of the information without being overwhelmed. However, converting contextual information to a digital format changes it in specific ways. Transient information becomes more permanent, local information is made available globally, and information that once spread slowly can spread much more quickly. The information can enable us to work more efficiently, but these changes in its nature have profound indirect effects. The potential loss of privacy is widely discussed, but other effects may be more significant. In particular, the loss of confinement and transience of information creates an environment that is fundamentally unnatural, in conflict with the one we evolved to live in.
18F-Fluoroerythronitroimidazole radiation dosimetry in cancer studies.

UNLABELLED 18F-Fluoroerythronitromidazole (FETNIM) is a new promising PET tracer for imaging tumor hypoxia. Accurate radiation dosimetry is important for estimating absorbed radiation doses to patients and for calculating the allowable injected dose. METHODS Radiation absorbed doses were estimated from PET scans obtained on cancer patients on the basis of the MIRD procedure. Dynamic acquisition data was obtained from the thorax, abdomen, and head and neck regions. The tracer was injected intravenously and mean injected activity was 366 MBq (range, 288-385 MBq). Arterial blood was continuously assayed over dynamic PET imaging. The bladder wall dose was evaluated from the voided urine activity measurements. RESULTS The effective dose to a 70-kg adult was 0.015 or 0.019 mSv/MBq, calculated on 2- or 4-h voiding intervals, respectively. The critical organ proved to be the urinary bladder wall, with a highest absorbed dose of 0.062 or 0.127 mGy/MBq depending on the voiding schedule as described above. Absorbed doses in all other organs were at least 5-fold smaller than the bladder wall doses. CONCLUSION With an injected activity of 370 MBq (18)F-FETNIM, the radiation doses are generally comparable with those of other related radionuclide imaging procedures. Specifically, in comparison with (18)F-fluoromisonidazole, the absorbed doses of (18)F-FETNIM are equal. However, special attention should be given to adequate hydration and voiding to limit the relatively high exposure of the critical organ, bladder wall, to (18)F-FETNIM.
Language vitality and paths to revival: contrasting cases of Azerbaijani and Kazakh

Abstract Russian Imperial and subsequent Soviet policies resulted in the Russian language acquiring a very important role in education and the workplace in both Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The extent of the penetration of the Russian language was shaped by the unique constellation of factors for each republic, including geographic, historical, demographic, and political moments. Even in the Soviet era, however, the titular language maintained a much larger domain of use in Azerbaijan's cities than it did in cities of Kazakhstan. Since 1991, the status of the titular language in both countries has risen and its domains broadened, though only in Azerbaijan does the titular language clearly enjoy a status superior to Russian in urban educational institutions and in the workplace. The difference in the situations in the two countries is due both to the inertia of factors already in place during the Soviet era, as well as to changing environment in the respective countries since their independence, including policies of their leadership.
Key Concepts in Nursing and Healthcare Research

PART ONE: PRINCIPLES OF RESEARCH IN HEALTH CARE Evidence-Based Practice and Research - Jo Rycroft-Malone Creating a Research-Based Culture in Healthcare Practice - Joyce Wilkinson The Research Journey - Elizabeth Mason-Whitehead and Becky Hall Paradigms and Philosophies - Mike Thomas Qualitative Research - Ann Bryan Quantitative Research - Charlotte Eost-Telling Mixed Methods Research - Dawn Freshwater Evaluation Research - David Coyle Service User-Led Research - Aidan Worsley Systematic Reviews - Alan Pearson Longitudinal Research - Elisabetta Ruspini Writing Research Bids - Neville J Ford with case study by Jean Mannix PART TWO: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Action Research - Chris Whitney-Cooper Case Study Research - Andy Lovell Ethnography - Annette McIntosh-Scott with case study by Jenni Templeman Ethnomethodology - Tom Mason Feminist Research - Elizabeth Mason-Whitehead Grounded Theory - Maureen Deacon Hermeneutics - Dean Garret Historical Research - Pat Starkey Narrative Research - David Coyle Observational Research - Sandra Flynn Phenomenology - David Coyle Symbolic Interactionsim - Robin James Smith Vignette Research - Dave Mercer Visual Research - Jan Woodhouse PART THREE: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS Experimental Design - Roger Watson Quasi-Experimental Design - Vimal and Nikhil Sharma Survey Research - Simon Alford Hypotheses - Stephen Fallows Measurement Instruments - Andrew Mitchell Statistics: Descriptive - Debbie Robertson Statistics: Inferential - Mike Morris Questionnaire Construction - Liane Hayes Use of Databases - Nicholas Syrotiuk PART FOUR: THE RESEARCH PROCESS Literature Review - Helen Aveyard with case study by Julie Dulson Research Design and Method - Annette McIntosh-Scott with case study by Vicky Ridgway Research Ethics - Martin Johnson Data Collection and Management - Mary Steen Data Analysis - Elizabeth Harlow Presentation and Discussion of Results - Janice Gidman Dissemination of Findings - Michael Hellenbach
Design of magnetic shielding for reduction of magnetic near field from wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle

The wireless power transfer (WPT) system for electric vehicle (EV) typically has a pair of two magnetically coupled coils with the relatively large air gap between them. The time-varying currents flowing through the coils produce the intense magnetic near field around the coils which is inevitable to transfer the high power wirelessly. In this paper, we investigate the design of the coils with magnetic shielding with the air gap of 200 mm via the finite element analysis tool to minimize the magnetic near field from the WPT system for EV . The simulation results show that the minimization of the magnetic near field from the coils can be achieved by making the average winding diameters and the diameter of the ferrite shields to be √2 and 3 times larger than the air gap length, respectively. For the case examined here, the magnitude of the magnetic near field is reduced over 29.12 % with the negligible loss of the power transfer efficiency.
Performance evaluation of rotation forest for svm-based recursive feature elimination using hyperspectral imagery

Hyperspectral images provide important information for addressing complex classification problems required for a detailed characterization of spectral behavior of the target objects. Classification of such datasets into meaningful land use and land cover classes (LULC) has been the most concentrated topic in remote sensing arena. Rotation forest (RotFor), a new ensemble learning method, has been recently proposed as an alternative to conventional classifiers in the context of multispectral and hyperspectral image classification. In this study, the use of RotFor was investigated for the classification of hyperspectral imagery, specifically an AVIRIS image data. Support vector machine (SVM) was also used as a benchmark classifier. In order to select the best contributing bands of AVIRIS, support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) approach was applied. Results of this study showed that RotFor algorithm provided more accurate classification results than the SVM classifier with the use of smaller size data sets selected by SVM-RFE. Based on the Wilcoxon's signed-rank test, the performance difference between RotFor and SVM was found to be statistically significant.
Improved-Quality Real-Time Stereo Vision Processor

This paper presents a stereo vision processor with the form of ASIC that achieves enhanced quality depth maps and real-time performance. Our vision processor can be used broadly in practical applications. To improve depth map quality, pre- and post-processing units are adopted, and SFRs (Special Function Registers) are assigned to vision parameters for controllable quality. To meet real-time requirements, the stereo vision system is implemented on hardware using sophisticated design. We integrate image rectification, bilateral filtering, depth estimator and left-right consistency check blocks on a single silicon chip. This processor is fabricated in a 0.18-um standard CMOS technology, and can operate at 120MHz clock frequency achieving over 140 frames/s depth maps with 320 by 240 image size and 64 disparity levels. The system exploits 8-bit sub-pixel disparities for depth accuracy, and shows the throughput over 707 million PDS, which is better than results of any published work. The unrectified and unfiltered images taken at real environment are used as test inputs for performance and quality evaluation. Comparisons with previous ASIC implementations are presented to verify the improvement of this task.
Statistically Reliable and Fast Direct Estimation of Phase-Amplitude Cross-Frequency Coupling

There is growing interest in phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (PAC), which is widely observed in human and animal brain recordings. The choice of the estimation method is vital while extracting accurate PAC parameters from data. Two desired properties of PAC estimators are reliability and computational efficiency. This study offers a methodology called normalized direct PAC (ndPAC) for the rapid and statistically reliable estimation of PAC strength. A plain confidence limit formula, depending solely on data length and confidence level, is derived. Confidence level derivation is validated numerically. It is shown through simulations that ndPAC exhibits high specificity and sensitivity performances. The suggested methodology is also demonstrated on monkey electrocorticogram recorded during a visual task.
Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification for rapid identification of biotypes B and Q of the globally invasive pest Bemisia tabaci, and studying population dynamics

Abstract BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci, the sweetpotato whitefly, is a globally invasive pest that causes serious agricultural damage by transmitting plant viruses. This pest forms a cryptic species complex that displays morphologically indistinguishable biotypes. Among them, the B and Q biotypes are the most important pests worldwide. Because they have different levels of insecticide resistance, these biotypes must be identified in order to achieve proper pest control. Therefore, a convenient, rapid and specific detection method for identifying the two biotypes is necessary. RESULTS: Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was employed for rapid identification of B. tabaci B and Q biotypes. By combining a quick DNA extraction method, identification of the two biotypes was achieved within 1 h of detection time. The LAMP assay was applied to study the dynamics of B. tabaci biotypes both in the field and in greenhouses. It was found that, while temperature may be important for population dynamics of the whitefly in the field, population dynamics in greenhouse conditions may be influenced by the types of insecticide. CONCLUSION: The newly designed LAMP assay is a simple, rapid and accurate method for identifying the B and Q biotypes. It can be conducted by non‐specialists and can contribute to pest management. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Interpretation of Proper Nouns for Information Retrieval

Most of the unknown words in texts which degrade the performance of natural language processing systems are proper nouns. On the other hand, proper nouns are recognized as a crucial source of information for identifying a topic in a text, extracting contents from a text, or detecting relevant documents in information retrieval (Rau, 1991).
Cytokines: Powerful Regulators of Glial Cell Activation

It is now clear that cytokines function as powerful regulators of glial cell function in the central nervous system (CNS), either inhibiting or promoting their contribution to CNS pathology. Although these interactions are complex, the availability of animals with targeted deletions of these genes and/or their receptors, as well as transgenic mice in which cytokine expression has been targeted to specific cell types, and the availability of purified populations of glia that can be studied in vitro, has provided a wealth of interesting and frequently surprising data relevant to this activity. A particular feature of many of these studies is that it is the nature of the receptor that is expressed, rather than the cytokine itself, that regulates the functional properties of these cytokines. Because cytokine receptors are themselves modulated by cytokines, it becomes evident that the effects of these cytokines may change dramatically depending upon the cytokine milieu present in the immediate environment. An additional exciting aspect of these studies is the previously underappreciated role of these factors in repair to the CNS. In this review, we focus on current information that has helped to define the role of cytokines in regulating glial cell function as it relates to the properties of microglia and astrocytes.
Discrete and Fine Wavelength Tunable Thermo-Optic WSS for Low Power Consumption ${\rm C}{+}{\rm L}$ Band Tunability

Broadband wavelength tunability is demonstrated in a microring resonator (MRR)-based thermo-optic wavelength selective switch (TO-WSS) with low power consumption and low thermal crosstalk. Instead of direct tuning a single MRR spectrum, the discrete and fine wavelength tunability in a Vernier configured TO-WSS has been used to achieve single wavelength selection over a high free spectral range (FSR). With the observed discrete tunability (7.3 mW/FSR) and fine tunability (5 mW/nm) of the WSS, the power requirement for full band tuning can be reduced to 32.7% of that of a single ring tuning.
Analysis of Cell Cycle , Thymidine Uptake , Modified Boyden Chamber , and Scratch Wound Assays

The Foxo family of transcription factors belongs to the winged helix or forkhead box class of transcription factors. Invertebrates possess 1 Foxo gene, termed daf-16 in the worm and dFoxo in the fly. Mice and humans possess 4 Foxo members: Foxo1, Foxo3, Foxo4, and Foxo6. Foxo1, Foxo3, and Foxo4 are highly related homologs with overlapping patterns of expression and transcriptional activities. The Foxo protein family is regulated primarily by post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, monoubiquitination, and polyubiquitination. These various modifications control subcellular localization and protein levels, as well as efficacy of DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Most notably, Foxo1, Foxo3, and Foxo4 have 3 conserved amino acids that are targets for phosphorylation by Akt or serum/glucocorticoidregulated kinase (SGK). Phosphorylation at these sites leads to nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor. Foxos have been shown to play a role in many physiological processes, including the control of cell proliferation and survival, cell cycle progression, DNA repair, oxidative stress resistance, energy metabolism, and cell differentiation. Unrestrained Foxo activity can result in cellular senescence, autophagy, and atrophy and can promote a catabolic state. Both Foxo3and Foxo4-null mice are viable. In contrast, mice that are null for Foxo1 are embryonic lethal at E11 because of impaired vasculogenesis. Thus, Foxo1 has a specific role in vascular development, which cannot be compensated for by other Foxo family members. Foxo1 is expressed in multiple cell types and tissues during development, including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neural crest cells, cardiomycoytes, adipose tissue, somites, branchial arches, and trigeminal ganglia. In contrast to the embryonic knockout, widespread somatic deletion of Foxo1 in adult tissues predisposes to the development of vascular bed–specific hemangiomas, an effect that is accentuated by combined deletion of Foxo3 and Foxo4. Molecular Medicine
Effects of immobilization on the rat soleus muscle in relation to age.

A hind limb of young adult, adult and old male Wistar rats (4-5, 6-7 and 20-21 months, respectively) was immobilized for 4 weeks by a plaster cast with the knee and ankle joints in a resting position. Enzyme-histochemical, morphometrical and contractile characteristics of the soleus muscle were compared with those in age-matched controls. A pronounced decrease in muscle mass and cross-sectional muscle fibre area was found at all ages. The degree of atrophy after immobilization did not differ between different fibre types in each age group, but the decrease in fibre area was less pronounced in old animals (i.e. the fibre area was decreased by 49-64, 53-66 and 27-38% in young adult, adult and old animals, respectively). The maximum tetanus force was decreased in all age groups (by 73, 78 and 69% in young adult, adult and old rats, respectively) as was the tetanus tension (i.e. tetanus force divided by muscle fibre cross-sectional area). The contraction time of the isometric twitch was significantly altered, i.e. decreased, only in the youngest age group, although it also tended to decrease in old age. A significant increase in the number and proportion of fibre types intermediate to types I and IIA, was found in the immobilized muscle of 4-5- and 6-7-month-old animals, but not in that of old ones (i.e. the proportion of intermediate fibres increased by 14, 13 and 2% in young adult, adult and old animals, respectively). Thus, in contrast to the atrophic changes, the contractile alterations after immobilization were not markedly different between young and old age. It is further concluded that the age-related fast-to-slow muscle fibre transition that occurs in normal soleus during maturation and growth can be partly reversed by restrictions of the normal muscle activity and that the ability of the soleus to modulate its fibre-type composition in response to a change in activity may be diminished in old age.