Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An optimized rule based approach to extract relevant features for sentiment mining

The popularity of internet has led to the generation of huge volume of unstructured data in the form of reviews, blogs etc. If processed efficiently, this data can act as potential goldmine for discovering knowledge which would prove very useful for both customers and market researchers. So the task of feature extraction in Opinion Summarization plays a very crucial role. In this research direction of extracting features, the paper proposes a framework model and an automated rule generation algorithm for extracting features of relevance. The technique proposed is an unsupervised and domain independent approach. The performance of the proposed technique was examined on 5 different data sets that were publically available and on two others that were manually crawled and tagged. The result demonstrated the percentage of features that were matching with the ones in the golden data set was more than 70% and reduction in the feature space was also considerably high.
Far-infrared spectra and associated dynamics in acetonitrile-water mixtures measured with femtosecond THz pulse spectroscopy

We report the frequency-dependent absorption coefficient and index of refraction in the far-infrared region of the spectrum for mixtures of acetonitrile and water. The mixtures do not behave ideally, and deviate from ideality most noticeably for mixtures that are between 25% and 65% acetonitrile by volume. Two implementations of the Debye model for describing the dielectric relaxation behavior of mixtures are compared, and we show that these mixtures are better treated as uniform solutions rather than as two-component systems. We find an enhanced structure in the mixtures, relative to ideal mixtures, but we do not find direct evidence for microheterogeneity. The Debye time constant for the primary relaxation process for the mixtures is up to 25% longer than that for an ideal mixture.
Neutral Vlasov kinetic theory of magnetized plasmas

The low-frequency limit of Maxwell equations is considered in the Maxwell-Vlasov system. This limit produces a neutral Vlasov system that captures essential features of plasma dynamics, while neglecting radiation effects. Euler-Poincare reduction theory is used to show that the neutral Vlasov kinetic theory possesses a variational formulation in both Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates. By construction, the new model recovers all collisionless neutral models employed in plasma simulations. Then, comparisons between the neutral Vlasov system and hybrid kinetic-fluid models are presented in the linear regime.
A 4 Bit Continuous-Time  $\Sigma \Delta $  Modulator With Fully Digital Quantization Noise Reduction Algorithm Employing a 7 Bit Quantizer

This paper presents a fully digital quantization noise reduction algorithm (DQNRA) for CTΣΔM. The algorithm overcomes the signal leakage issues commonly found in cascade and MASH implementations. The proposed DQNRA is robust to PVT variations. The DQNRA performs a foreground measurement of the modulators noise transfer function. A ΣΔM using a 7 bit quantizer, from which the four most significant bits are used for the operation of the ΣΔM, proves the DQNRA concept. The remaining three least significant bits are used for the realization of the DQNRA for quantization noise improvement. A 7 bit quantizer with a three-step subranging architecture is implemented to reduce power and area consumption. A fourth-order continuous-time ΣΔ prototype was implemented in 130 nm CMOS technology. The modulator's total power consumption is 20 mW, with only 6 mW used for the realization of the 7 bit quantizer operating at 500 MHz. For this prototype, the use of a DQNRA algorithm improved the modulator's SNDR from 69 to 75 dB over a 15 MHz bandwidth, limited after calibration by thermal noise rather than quantization noise. The obtained FoM is 164 dB.
The Efficacy of Intratracheal Administration of Vecuronium in Rats, Compared with Intravenous and Intramuscular Administration

To investigate the suitability of the intratracheal (IT) route as an alternative route for the administration of vecuronium, we compared the pharmacodynamic parameters for neuromuscular block in three groups of rats given vecuronium via the IT, IM, and IV routes. We also examined the pharmacokinetics of vecuronium in the three groups. The doses for the IT, IV, and IM groups were set at 1.50, 0.300, and 2.25 mg/kg, respectively. The onset of action in the IT group (127 ± 17 s) was significantly earlier than that in the IM group (267 ± 62 s), and significantly later than that in the IV group (18 ± 7 s) (P < 0.05 by analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer analysis). The duration of action in the IT group (794 ± 162 s) was significantly longer than that in the IV group (93 ± 30 s) but not significantly different from that in the IM group (743 ± 131 s). The recovery index in the IT group (134 ± 30 s) was significantly shorter than that in the IM group (222 ± 47 s) and significantly longer than that in the IV group (32 ± 12 s). Although IT administration of vecuronium is still slower than IV administration, it appears to be more advantageous as compared with IM administration, given the more rapid absorption and faster onset of action.
Systematic study of insulator-metal transitions in perovskites RNiO3 (R=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu) due to closing of charge-transfer gap.

The detailed behavior of the phase transitions was mapped out for the series R${\mathrm{NiO}}_{3}$ as a function of the rare earth (R). A sharp insulator-metal transition is observed, which depends strongly on R.Forsmall$R it occurs at a higher temperature than the antiferromagnetic ordering (measured by muon-spin relaxation). By increasing either the temperature or the size of R, an insulator-metal transition is observed, most probably caused by the closing of the charge-transfer gap, induced by increase in the electronic bandwidth.
Effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on echocardiographic indices, functional capacity, and clinical outcomes of patients with a systemic right ventricle.

AIMS Surgically (SC) or congenitally corrected (CC) transposition of the great arteries (TGA), associated with a systemic right ventricle (RV), is often complicated by heart failure. This retrospective study assessed the functional and mechanical effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients presenting with TGA. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven patients with SC (n = 5) or CC (n = 2) TGA (mean age 24.6 +/- 12 years), a failing systemic RV, and intraventricular dyssynchrony, underwent implantation of a CRT-P. Permanent pacemakers were previously implanted in five patients. The leads were implanted by a combined transvenous and epicardial approach in the five patients with SC TGA. Echocardiography, including tissue Doppler imaging and cardiopulmonary exercise testing were performed before and during CRT. Since, in all patients, ventricular dyssynchrony was due to delayed septal wall contraction, the interventricular septum and RV free wall were stimulated synchronously, with a view to resynchronize a maximum amount of myocardium. After 19.4 +/- 8.1 months of CRT, mean QRS duration decreased from 160 +/- 31 to 120 +/- 28 ms (P = 0.03), intraventricular delay from 104 +/- 27 to 14 +/- 15 ms (P = 0.01), New York Heart Association functional class from 3.0 to 1.57 (P = 0.01), and peak oxygen consumption increased from 13.8 +/- 2.5 to 22.8 +/- 6.7 mL/kg/min (P = 0.03). One patient died suddenly at 23 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS CRT was technically feasible and associated with improvements in cardiac mechanical function and clinical status in patients with TGA, failing systemic RV, and intraventricular dyssynchrony.
A Two-Stage Outlier Filtering Framework for City-Scale Localization Using 3D SfM Point Clouds

Three-dimensional structure-based localization aims to estimate the six-DOF camera pose of a query image by means of feature matches against a 3D Structure-from-Motion (SfM) point cloud. For city-scale SfM point clouds with tens of millions of points, it becomes more and more difficult to disambiguate matches. Therefore, a 3D structure-based localization method, which can efficiently handle matches with very large outlier ratios, is needed. We propose a two-stage outlier filtering framework for city-scale localization that leverages both visibility and geometry intrinsics of the SfM point clouds. First, we propose a visibility-based outlier filter, which is based on a bipartite visibility graph, to filter outliers on a coarse level. Second, we apply a geometry-based outlier filter to generate a set of fine-grained matches with a novel data-driven geometrical constraint for efficient inlier evaluation. The proposed two-stage outlier filtering framework only relies on the intrinsic information of the SfM point cloud. It is thus widely applicable to be embedded into the existing localization approaches. The experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage outlier filtering framework for city-scale localization.
Formulation by design of felodipine loaded liquid and solid self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems using Box–Behnken design

Abstract Objective: To design and develop liquid and solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS) of felodipine (FLD) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Methods: Solubility study was carried out in various vehicles. Ternary phase diagram was constructed to delineate the boundaries of the nanoemulsion domain. The content of formulation variables, X1 (Acconon E), X2 (Cremophor EL) and X3 (Lutrol E300) were optimized by assessment of 15 formulations (as per BBD) for mean globule sizes in Millipore water (Y1), 0.1 N HCl (Y2), phosphate buffer (pH 6.4) (Y3); emulsification time (Y4) and T85% (Y5). The responses (Y1–Y5) were evaluated statistically by analysis of variance and response surface plots to obtain optimum points. The optimized formulations were solidified by adsorption to solid carrier technique using Aerosil 200 (AER). Results and discussion: Transmission electron microscopy images confirmed the spherical shape of globules with the size range concordant with the globule size analysis by dynamic light scattering technique (<60 nm). The surface morphology of S-SNEDDS (before release) by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy indicated that SNEDDS are adsorbed uniformly on the surface of AER. The dried residue of S-SNEDDS (after release) revealed the presence of nanometric pores vacated by the previously adsorbed SNEDDS onto AER. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction studies illustrated the change of FLD from crystalline to amorphous state. Conclusion: This study indicates that owing to nanosize, SNEDDS and S-SNEDDS of FLD have potential to enhance its absorption and may serve an efficient oral delivery.
Effect of Salts and Organic Solvents on the Activity of Halobacterium cutirubrum Catalase

Catalase in extracts of the extreme halophile Halobacterium cutirubrum exhibits up to threefold stimulation by 0.5 to 1.5 m monovalent salts and by 0.1 m divalent salts. Above these concentrations, inhibition of enzyme activity is observed. The inhibitory effect, and to some extent the stimulation, is salt-specific; the effectiveness of a salt in inhibiting enzyme activity depends on both cation and anion. Thus, the order of effectiveness is MgCl2 > LiCl > NaCl > KCl > NH4Cl, and LiCl > LiNO3 > Li2SO4. The magnitude of enzyme inhibition for the salts tested is positively correlated with their molar vapor pressure depression in aqueous solution. Stimulation of enzyme activity was observed when one salt was added at its optimal concentration in the presence of inhibiting concentrations of another salt, indicating that the effect on the enzyme is not due to changing water activity but probably to enzyme-salt interaction. Aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol, glycerol, and dimethyl sulfoxide containing no ions influence enzyme activity in the same manner as do salts.
Spatiotemporal Continuity and the Perception of Causality in Infants

Infant perception of a Michottean launching event in which one object causes another to move through collision is examined in a series of habituation-test experiments. A number of hypotheses concerning how infants aged around 30 weeks might perceive and encode launching and its noncausal variants are identified and tested. The results of the first experiment indicate that infants can perceive direct launching as an event with internal structure, that is, as composed of two temporally ordered movements. The nature of the encoding by the infants is perceptual and not specifically motor-based. The second experiment makes it seem unlikely that the infants encode independent spatial and temporal features (for example, contact and successivity), while the third experiment suggests a spatiotemporal continuity gradient. Some implications for the origins of causality are discussed.
Redundant-dictionary based adaptive sampling for transient ECG signal measurement

This paper presents a novel adaptive sampling method for transient electrocardiogram (ECG) signal detection. The main contribution of our approach is to implement an efficient adaptive sampling scheme with dictionary-based redundant match processing that enhances the power and memory capacity performance in the electrocardiogram sensor nodes. In our scheme, the architecture of the adopted redundant dictionary is based on the Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) algorithm. Compared with other traditional adaptive sampling methods, our design computation logic is simple, and easy to implement in sensor nodes. According to our test results, the tested ECG signal can be reconstructed at a deep optimized sampling rate. Throughout experimentation with the uniform sampling strategies, the proposed redundant dictionary-based sampling algorithm significantly decreased sampling rate down to less than 18% of a fixed-rate sampling, and samples space down to approximate 80%, while maintaining the integral reconstruction for ECG signal detecting.
Approach for the unknown metamorphic virus detection

The paper presents a new technique for unknown metamorphic viruses' detection. It is based on the analysis of the potentially suspicious behavior of the programs on the host. The novelty of the contribution is that, the analysis is performed via the comparison of the functional blocks of the disassembled code before and after program's emulation, which is executed within the modified emulators installed on each host of the network. The conclusion about the similarity of the suspicious program to the metamorphic virus program is performed by the means of the fuzzy inference system. In order to provoke possible presence of the metamorphic virus other hosts of the network are involved in the detection process. Thus, experimentally it was shown that level of metamorphic viruses' demonstration increases with the number of hosts.
The Birth of Surrogate Motherhood Law: An Economic Analysis of Institutional Reform

Why is surrogacy enforceable in some of the US jurisdictions and not in others? In what way does the enforcement of surrogate motherhood contracts effect the number of exchanges between intended parents and surrogate mothers? Throughout the last two decades of the twentieth century, public approval of surrogate motherhood, as expressed in opinion surveys, increased. Using data from surveys carried out through the period 1983-1992 I examine the relationship between approval of surrogate motherhood and time to legal institutional change. By means of duration analysis I show that, through political processes, changing beliefs effect institutional change. Other factors, including accidents, imitation, and historical conditions, are also shown to have an effect on the probability of legal institutional change. By means of a comparative institutional analysis I show that between the years 2003 and 2012 states with judge-made-surrogacy law registered systematically higher number of surrogate motherhood contracts than other states.
Central amygdala in anuran amphibians: Neurochemical organization and connectivity

The evolution of the amygdaloid complex in tetrapods is currently under debate on the basis of new neurochemical, hodological, and gene expression data. The anuran amygdaloid complex, in particular, is being examined in an effort to establish putative homologies with amniotes. The lateral and medial amygdala, comparable to their counterparts in amniotes, have recently been identified in anurans. In the present study we characterized the autonomic portion of the anuran amygdala, the central amygdala (CeA). First, the distribution of several neuronal markers (substance P, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthase) was analyzed. The localization of immunoreactive cells, primarily nitrergic cells, and the topographically arranged fiber labeling for all markers characteristically identified the CeA. Subsequently, the afferent and efferent connections of the CeA were investigated by means of in vivo and in vitro tracing techniques with dextran amines. The anuran CeA was revealed as the main component of the amygdaloid autonomic system, showing important connections with brainstem centers such as the parabrachial nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Only scarce CeA‐hypothalamic projections were observed, whereas bidirectional connections between the CeA and the lateral and medial amygdala were abundant. The present neurochemical and hodological results support the homology of the anuran CeA with its counterpart in amniotes and strengthen the idea of a conserved amygdaloid organization in the evolution of tetrapods. J. Comp. Neurol. 489:69–91, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Near-Optimal Control Without Solving HJB Equations and Its Applications

In this paper, an adaptive near-optimal control law, which is inherently real time, is designed to tackle the contradiction between solution accuracy and solution speed for the optimal control of a general class of nonlinear systems with fully unknown parameters. The key technique in the proposed adaptive near-optimal control is to design an auxiliary system with the aid of the sliding mode control concept to reconstruct the dynamics of the controlled nonlinear system. Based on the sliding mode auxiliary system and approximation of the performance index, the proposed control law guarantees asymptotic stability of the closed system and asymptotic optimality of the performance index with time. Two illustrative examples and an application of the proposed method to a van der Pol oscillator are presented to validate the efficacy of the proposed adaptive near-optimal control. In addition, physical experiment results based on a dc motor are also presented to show the realizability, performance, and superiority of the proposed method.
Quantification of dynamic protein complexes using Renilla luciferase fragment complementation applied to protein kinase A activities in vivo

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily represents the most important class of pharmaceutical targets. Therefore, the characterization of receptor cascades and their ligands is a prerequisite to discovering novel drugs. Quantification of agonist-induced second messengers and downstream-coupled kinase activities is central to characterization of GPCRs or other pathways that converge on GPCR-mediated signaling. Furthermore, there is a need for simple, cell-based assays that would report on direct or indirect actions on GPCR-mediated effectors of signaling. More generally, there is a demand for sensitive assays to quantify alterations of protein complexes in vivo. We describe the development of a Renilla luciferase (Rluc)-based protein fragment complementation assay (PCA) that was designed specifically to investigate dynamic protein complexes. We demonstrate these features for GPCR-induced disassembly of protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory and catalytic subunits, a key effector of GPCR signaling. Taken together, our observations show that the PCA allows for direct and accurate measurements of live changes of absolute values of protein complex assembly and disassembly as well as cellular imaging and dynamic localization of protein complexes. Moreover, the Rluc-PCA has a sufficiently high signal-to-background ratio to identify endogenously expressed Gαs protein-coupled receptors. We provide pharmacological evidence that the phosphodiesterase-4 family selectively down-regulates constitutive β-2 adrenergic- but not vasopressin-2 receptor-mediated PKA activities. Our results show that the sensitivity of the Rluc-PCA simplifies the recording of pharmacological profiles of GPCR-based candidate drugs and could be extended to high-throughput screens to identify novel direct modulators of PKA or upstream components of GPCR signaling cascades.
A quantitative performance measure for a clinical evaluation of comb structure removal algorithms in flexible endoscopy

Modern techniques for technical inspection as well as medical diagnostics and therapy in keyhole-surgery scenarios make use of flexible endoscopes. Common to both application fields are very small natural or manmade entry points to the observed scene, as well as the complexity of the hollow itself. These make the use of rigid lens-based endoscopes or tip chip videoscopes impossible. Due to the fact that the fiber-optic image guide of a flexible endoscope introduces a comb structure to the acquired images, many research has been devoted to algorithms for an effective removal of such artifacts. Oftentimes, this research has been motivated by the fact, that the comb structure prevents an application of some well-established methods offered by the computer vision and image processing community. Unfortunately, the performance of the presented approaches are commonly visually evaluated or with respect to proprietary, non-standardized metrics. Thus, the performances of individual algorithms are hard to compare with each other. For this reasons, we propose a performance measure for fiber-optic imaging devices that has been motivated by the physics of optics. In this field, an optical system is frequently described by linear systems theory and the system's quality can be expressed by its transfer function. The determination of this transfer function has been standardized by the ISO for lens based imaging systems and represents a widely accepted measure for the quality of such systems. In this contribution, we present methods that account for fiber-optic imaging systems and thus enable a standardized performance evaluation. Finally, we demonstrate its use by comparing two recent state of the art comb structure removal algorithms, each of them being a representative of a spatial and a frequency domain method, respectively.
Statistical Evaluation of Influence of Xanthan Gum and Guar Gum Blends on Dipyridamole Release from Floating Matrix Tablets

ABSTRACT The present investigation explored the use of xanthan gum and guar gum for development of floating drug delivery system of dipyridamole using factorial design approach. The content of polymer blends (X1) and ratio of xanthan gum to guar gum (X2) were selected as independent variables. The diffusion exponent (n), release rate constant (k), percentage drug release at 1 hr (Q1) and 6 hr (Q6) were selected as dependent variables. Tablets of all batches had desired buoyancy characteristics. Multiple regression analysis with two way ANOVA revealed that both the factors had statistically significant influence on the response studied (p < 0.05). Results of Tukey test showed the relative contribution of each level of different factors for the response studied. It was concluded that the ratio of xanthan to gaur gum had equal or dominant role as controlling factor on kinetics of drug release compared to content of polymer blends.