Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Single-Shot Brand Logo Recognition

The amount of data produced every day on the internet increases every day and with the increasing popularity of the social networks the number of published photos are huge, and those pictures contain several implicit or explicit brand logos. Detecting this logos in natural images can provide information about how widespread is a brand, discover unwanted copyright distribution, analyze marketing campaigns, etc. In this paper, we propose a real-time brand logo recognition system that outperforms all other state-of-the-art in two different datasets. Our approach is based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD), we explore this tool in a different domain and also experiment the impact of training with pretrained weights and the impact of warp transformations in the input images. We conducted our experiments in two datasets, the FlickrLogos-32 (FL32) and the Logos-32Plus (L32plus), which is an extension of the training set of the FL32. On the FL32, we outperform the state-of-the-art by 2.5% the F-score and by 7.4% the recall. For the L32plus, we surpass the state-of-the-art by 1.2% the F-score and by 3.8% the recall.
Virulence of Staphylococcus aureus mutants altered in type 5 capsule production

Most clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus produce microcapsules (uronic acid-containing extracellular polysaccharides) that are detectable by serologic methods but are not visible by negative staining. Among the 11 reported serotypes, capsule types 5 and 8 comprise approximately 75% of all isolates. Transposon mutagenesis was performed on S. aureus to create mutants altered in capsule expression. Tn918 was introduced into the capsule type 5 strain Reynolds by filter mating, and a capsule-deficient transconjugate, JL236, was isolated. The wild-type strain was transformed with JL236 chromosomal DNA to confirm that transfer of the appropriate-size chromosomal fragment containing Tn918 generated a capsule-deficient transformant. Strain Reynolds was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate to obtain a capsule-negative mutant (strain JL240). Capsular phenotypes were determined by colony immunoblots, antibody adsorption experiments, and transmission electron microscopy. The virulences of the parental and mutant strains in mice were compared. The 50% lethal doses for strains Reynolds, JL236, and JL240 were similar (10(8.59), 10(8.98), and 10(8.93) CFU, respectively). Animals injected intraperitoneally with either wild-type or mutant strains had comparable levels of bacteremia at 3 and 24 h after challenge. Quantitative cultures of blood and kidneys from animals challenged intravenously with sublethal doses of the S. aureus strains also showed no differences in bacterial clearance or renal abscess formation. These studies indicate that the type 5 S. aureus microcapsule does not promote bacterial virulence in the animal models tested.
Duration of Viral Suppression in Patients on Stable Therapy for HIV‐1 Infection Is Predicted by Plasma HIV RNA Level After 1 Month of Treatment

&NA;The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of HIV RNA levels after 1 month of therapy on the long‐term virologic outcome in an unselected general population of HIV‐infected patients. Design: Analysis was conducted retrospectively on an ongoing clinical cohort of HIV‐positive patients who were receiving antiretroviral treatment. Data on 575 patients were analyzed. Results: The HIV RNA value at 1 month was significantly correlated with the virologic outcome after 12 and 24 months of therapy (R = 0.258 and R = 0.44, respectively). The predictive value of the 1‐month viral load was also statistically significant after stratification for baseline CD4 T‐cell counts. Prediction was similar in highly compromised patients (CD4 ≤100 cells/&mgr;l; R = 0.426; p = .001) or in patients with a better immunologic status (R = 0.419; p < .0001). It retained validity in patients who were naive or experienced for antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion: HIV RNA level after 1 month of therapy is a useful prognostic marker in HIV‐infected patients. It predicts long‐term virologic and immunologic outcome. A cutoff level of 5000 copies/ml identifies patients most likely to fail current therapy. In these patients, a more aggressive strategy or specific diagnostic interventions to clarify the relative influence of viral resistance and/or subtherapeutic regimens is advised.
Letter: reproducible evidence shows that exclusive enteral nutrition significantly reduces faecal calprotectin concentrations in children with active Crohn's disease

EDITORS, We read with interest the recent meta-analysis by Swaminath et al (2017) that reviewed studies on induction of remission with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in paediatric Crohn’s disease. We feel however that the title of the article is slightly misleading as the authors only include studies that directly compare the efficacy of EEN against corticosteroids (CS), excluding other studies where EEN was used, without a direct comparator arm with CS (Table 2, page 1) excluding also points of secondary analysis like faecal calprotectin (FC). We were encouraged to note the authors describe EEN to be as efficacious as CS, as shown in the previous AP&T meta-analysis; with the advantage of superior outcomes in terms of mucosal healing. We are aware that FC associates with rates of mucosal healing. Therefore, it seemed paradoxical to us that there was no difference in FC levels between EEN and CS, despite the significant differences in mucosal healing rates. We looked for the FC data mentioned but found no evidence of the studies from which the abstract data was generated. We performed our own literature search specifically for studies reporting changes to FC levels during EEN, independent of the necessity including a CS arm. From an initial search using MEDLINE with the term “Exclusive enteral nutrition AND Crohn’s” we identified and reviewed 181 abstracts and were left with 18 relevant studies, including five studies from overlapping patient cohorts. To prevent duplication of results, only one study from the group were considered for the analysis. Using the mean or median FC as values presented from each study, we calculated the percentage decrease during the course of EEN and found that on average FC drops 48% on completion of an EEN course (Figure 1A and B). All studies except Dunn et al report a significant decrease in FC concentration while on EEN. This study reports FC as binary < or > 250 lg/g. This may mask significant reductions in FC during EEN that remains above normal reference values. We identified only one study with paired longitudinal endoscopic mucosal healing and FC data. However, the analysis performed in this study combined patients treated with either EEN or CS. As they did not distinguish the treatment arms of the patients it was removed from our analysis. While the exact mechanisms by which EEN works, and drives FC reduction, remain elusive; the gut microbiota plays a pivotal role. It is well known that the composition and metabolic activity of the microbiota is altered during EEN. The study from our group, Quince et al (2015), collected serial faecal samples and by using stepwise regression, we identified 14 operational taxonomic units that predicted 78% of the variation to FC.
Formulation and Optimization of Zidovudine Niosomes

Zidovudine (AZT) is commonly used to treat patients with AIDS, but it is limited by toxicity and high dosing needs. Alternative formulations have been proposed to overcome these drawbacks. The objective of this study was to evaluate process-related variables like hydration and sonication time, rotation speed of evaporation flask, and the effects of charge-inducing agent and centrifugation on zidovudine entrapment and release from niosomes. Formulation of zidovudine niosomes was optimized by altering the proportions of Tween, Span and cholesterol. The effect of process–related variables like hydration time, sonication time, charge-inducing agent, centrifugation and rotational speed of evaporation flask on zidovudine entrapment and release from niosomes was evaluated. The effect of changes in osmotic shock and viscosity were also evaluated. Non-sonicated niosomes were in the size range of 2-3.5 μm and sonicated niosomes formulated with Tween 80 and dicetylphosphate (DCP) had a mean diameter of 801 nm. Zidovudine niosomes formulated with Tween 80 entrapped high amounts of drug and the addition of DCP enhanced drug release for a longer time (88.72% over 12 h). The mechanism of release from Tween 80 formulation was the Fickian type and obeyed first-order release kinetics. Niosomes can be formulated by proper adjustment of process parameters to enhance zidovudine entrapment and sustainability of release. These improvements in zidovudine formulation may be useful in developing a more effective AIDS therapy.
The default mode network in late-life anxious depression.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity pattern in elderly depressed subjects with and without comorbid anxiety. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected for 11 elderly depressed subjects with high comorbid anxiety and eight elderly depressed subjects with low anxiety. We analyzed the resting-connectivity patterns of the posterior cingulate cortex. We compared the DMN activity in the elderly depressed subjects with high versus low comorbid anxiety. RESULTS Depressed elderly with high comorbid anxiety had increased functional connectivity in the posterior regions of the DMN and decreased functional connectivity in the anterior regions of the DMN. CONCLUSIONS Elderly depressed subjects with high anxiety display a dissociative pattern of connectivity in the DMN when compared with elderly depressed subjects with low anxiety. These results suggest a unique biologic signature of the anxiety symptoms in the context of late-life depression.
Birth-spacing patterns in Huaning County, Yunnan Province, PRC: Is the adoption of a small family norm sustainable?

China's family planning programs have emphasized delayed marriage and longer spacing between births. Since 1970, the fertility has declined from 6 to 1.8 births and the mean age at first marriage has gone up but the recommended spacing intervals have not been fully realized. Despite the fertility decline it is being debated among scholars whether China has completed a sustainable demographic transition or not, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to analyze trends in the timing and patterns of marriage and childbearing in relation to successive family planning policies. A cluster random sample of 1,336 women aged 15—64 at the time of the survey (2000) was selected in one rural county in Yunnan province. Life-table techniques were used to analyze the cumulative proportion of women marrying and having a certain number of births. Cox's hazard regression model was used to estimate the effects of various covariates on the ``hazard'' for a woman to have a second birth. Our findings demonstrate how childbearing patterns have changed in the direction of delayed marriage, a decreased interval between first marriage and first child, and significantly longer spacing between the first and second child. This transformation of childbearing patterns corresponds well with the requirements of the policies. Considering the characteristics of Yunnan, it seems likely that the changing fertility behavior has been more influenced by a strictly enforced family planning policy than by societal changes leading to the adoption of a new, smaller family norm.
Laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is relatively common, can progress rapidly, and can result in death or permanent debilitation. This infection justifiably elicits strong emotional reactions and, hopefully, immediate medical intervention. This review is a brief presentation of the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and a review of current knowledge, literature, and recommendations on the subject of laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Those who work in clinical microbiology laboratories should be familiar with the tests used in detecting bacteria and bacterial antigens in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and should always have the utmost appreciation for the fact that results of such tests must always be reported immediately. Academic and practical aspects of the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial meningitis presented in this review include the following: anatomy of the meninges; pathogenesis; changes in the composition of CSF; etiological agents; processing CSF; microscopic examination of CSF; culturing CSF; methods of detecting bacterial antigens and bacterial components in CSF (counter-immunoelectrophoresis, coagglutination, latex agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Limulus amebocyte lysate assay, and gas-liquid chromatography); use of the polymerase chain reaction; and practical considerations for testing CSF for bacterial antigens.
Text Steganography with High Embedding Rate: Using Recurrent Neural Networks to Generate Chinese Classic Poetry

We propose a novel text steganography method using RNN Encoder-Decoder structure to generate quatrains, one genre of Chinese poetry. Compared to other text-generation based steganography methods which have either very low embedding rate or flaws in the naturalness of generated texts, our method has higher embedding rate and better text quality. In this paper, we use the LSTM Encoder-Decoder model to generate the first line of a quatrain with a keyword and then generate the following lines one by one. RNN has proved effective in generating poetry, but when applied to steganograpy, poetry quality decreases sharply, because of the redundancy we create to hide information. To overcome this problem, we propose a template-constrained generation method and develop a word-choosing approach using inner-word mutual information. Through a series of experiments, it is proven that our approach outperforms other poetry steganography methods in both embedding rate and poetry quality.
rAAV6‐Microdystrophin Rescues Aberrant Golgi Complex Organization in mdx Skeletal Muscles

Muscular dystrophies are a diverse group of severe degenerative muscle diseases. Recent interest in the role of the Golgi complex (GC) in muscle disease has been piqued by findings that several dystrophies result from mutations in putative Golgi‐resident glycosyltransferases. Given this new role of the Golgi in sarcolemmal stability, we hypothesized that abnormal Golgi distribution, regulation and/or function may constitute part of the pathology of other dystrophies, where the primary defect is independent of Golgi function. Thus, we investigated GC organization in the dystrophin‐deficient muscles of mdx mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We report aberrant organization of the synaptic and extrasynaptic GC in skeletal muscles of mdx mice. The GC is mislocalized and improperly concentrated at the surface and core of mdx myofibers. Golgi complex localization is disrupted after the onset of necrosis and normal redistribution is impaired during regeneration of mdx muscle fibers. Disruption of the microtubule cytoskeleton may account in part for aberrant GC localization in mdx myofibers. Golgi complex distribution is restored to wild type and microtubule cytoskeleton organization is significantly improved by recombinant adeno‐associated virus 6‐mediated expression of ΔR4‐R23/ΔCT microdystrophin showing a novel mode of microdystrophin functionality. In summary, GC distribution abnormalities are a novel component of mdx skeletal muscle pathology rescued by microdystrophin expression.
Adaptive response of single and binary Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli biofilms to benzalkonium chloride

The main goal of this work was to examine whether the continuous exposure of single and binary P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms to sub‐lethal benzalkonium chloride (BC) doses can induce adaptive response of bacteria. Biofilms were formed during 24 h and then put continuously in contact with BC for more 5 days. The six‐day‐old adapted biofilms were then submitted to BC challenge, characterized and inspected by SEM. Both single and binary adapted biofilms have clearly more biomass, polysaccharides and proteins and less activity even though the number of cells was identical. After BC treatment, adapted biofilms maintained their mass and activity. SEM examination revealed that those adapted biofilms had a slimier and denser matrix that became thicker after BC treatment. Continuous exposure of bacteria to antimicrobials can lead to development of biofilms encompassing more virulent and tolerant bacteria. This adaptive resistance can be the result of a phenotypic adaptation, a genetic acquired resistance or both. Instead of eradicating biofilms and kill microorganisms, the use of a disinfectant can, favour biofilm formation and tolerance. This must be a genuine concern as it can happen in clinical environments, where the use of antimicrobials is unavoidable. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Model for Predicting the Risk of De Novo Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women Undergoing Pelvic Organ Prolapse Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To construct and validate a prediction model for estimating the risk of de novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI) after vaginal pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery and compare it with predictions using preoperative urinary stress testing and expert surgeons' predictions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the data set (n=457) from the Outcomes Following Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling trial, a model using 12 clinical preoperative predictors of de novo SUI was constructed. De novo SUI was determined by Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory responses through 12 months postoperatively. After fitting the multivariable logistic regression model using the best predictors, the model was internally validated with 1,000 bootstrap samples to obtain bias-corrected accuracy using a concordance index. The model's predictions were also externally validated by comparing findings against actual outcomes using Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts trial patients (n=316). The final model's performance was compared with experts using a test data set of 32 randomly chosen Outcomes Following Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling trial patients through comparison of the model's area under the curve against: 1) 22 experts' predictions; and 2) preoperative prolapse reduction stress testing. RESULTS: A model containing seven predictors discriminated between de novo SUI status (concordance index 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.80) in Outcomes Following Vaginal Prolapse Repair and Midurethral Sling participants and outperformed expert clinicians (area under the curve 0.72 compared with 0.62, P<.001) and preoperative urinary stress testing (area under the curve 0.72 compared with 0.54, P<.001). The concordance index for Colpopexy and Urinary Reduction Efforts trial participants was 0.62 (95% CI 0.56–0.69). CONCLUSION: This individualized prediction model for de novo SUI after vaginal POP surgery is valid and outperforms preoperative stress testing, prediction by experts, and preoperative reduction cough stress testing. An online calculator is provided for clinical use. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Fetal growth and the risk of childhood CNS tumors and lymphomas in Western Australia

The etiology of childhood cancers is largely unknown, although the early age at diagnosis has led to particular interest in in utero and perinatal factors. Birth weight is the most frequently studied perinatal factor in relation to risk of childhood cancers, and results have been inconsistent. We investigated whether the risk of CNS tumors and lymphomas in children was associated with three measures of the appropriateness of intra‐uterine growth: proportion of optimal birth weight (POBW), birth length (POBL) and weight for length (POWFL). A cohort of 576,633 infants born in Western Australia in 1980–2004 were followed from birth to diagnosis of a CNS tumor (n = 183) or lymphoma (n = 84) before age 15, death, or December 31, 2005, and analyzed with Cox regression. Overall, there was little evidence of any association between fetal growth and risk of CNS tumors, although risk of ependymoma/choroid plexus tumors was positively associated with POBL and negatively associated with POWFL. The risk of Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing fetal growth among boys only, whereas the increased risk observed with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was only in girls. These associations between fetal growth and disease risk were also observed among children not classified as high birth weight, suggesting that accelerated growth is more important than birth weight per se. Results were similar when cases were compared with their unaffected siblings, suggesting that the increased growth associated with cancer risk was not general to the family. The associations we observed are consistent with causal pathways involving fetal growth factors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic Medical Record Adoption: The Effect on Efficiency, Completeness, and Accuracy in an Academic Orthopaedic Practice

Introduction: The electronic medical record (EMR) is the new platform for documenting health information. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of the EMR on efficiency, completeness, accuracy, and surgeon attitude in the orthopaedic program of a training hospital. Methods: Sixty paper charts were compared with 60 EMRs. Pre-EMR and post-EMR billing data was used to determine outpatient clinic volume and the number of providers seeing patients per month. Completeness was evaluated by noting the presence of items from a predetermined list of clinical information pertinent to each diagnosis. Age and side of injury was used to evaluate note accuracy. A survey was used to evaluate surgeon’s attitudes regarding the EMR. Results: There was no difference in monthly volume pre-EMR and post-EMR. There was an increase in the number of providers needed to see patients, equating to a 19% reduction in the number of patient visits per provider. The EMR was 1.3 times more likely to include pertinent clinical information. Both paper charts and the EMR were highly accurate. The surgeon attitude survey revealed concerns regarding clinic efficiency, increased “off-hours” record keeping, and decreased clinic teaching. Discussion: EMR is an important and essential component of medical care delivery. Record completion and accuracy were similar across medical record types. The use of EMR led to a 19% reduction in patients per provider. Creating the record in the clinic setting appears to detract from patient interaction, and resident/fellow education time. A more focused, specialty designed, EMR may be more efficient for an orthopaedic practice. Future EMR technology should allow a focused EMR designed for specialties that is efficient to create but that can be electronically converted into a “master record” that meets the needs of an associated larger organization. Level of Evidence: Level III—retrospective comparative study.