Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genomic signatures of chromosomal instability and osteosarcoma progression detected by high resolution array CGH and interphase FISH

Osteosarcoma (OS) is characterized by an unstable karyotype which typically has a heterogeneous pattern of complex chromosomal abnormalities. High-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) in combination with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses provides a complete description of genomic imbalances together with an evaluation of the contribution of cell-to-cell variation to copy number changes. There have been no analyses to date documenting genomic signatures consistent with chromosomal instability mechanisms in OS tumors using array CGH. In this study, we utilized high-resolution array CGH to identify and characterize recurrent signatures of genomic imbalances using ten OS tumors. Comparison between the genomic profiles identified tumor groups with low, intermediate and high levels of genomic imbalance. Bands 6p22→p21, 8q24 and 17p12→ p11.2 were consistently involved in high copy gain or amplification events. Since these three locations have been consistently associated with OS oncogenesis, FISH probes from each cytoband were used to derive an index of cellular heterogeneity for copy number within each region. OS with the highest degree of genomic imbalance also exhibited the most extreme cell-to-cell copy number variation. Significantly, the three OS with the most imbalance and genomic copy number heterogeneity also had the poorest response to preoperative chemotherapy. This genome wide analysis is the first utilizing oligonucleotide array CGH in combination with FISH analysis to derive genomic signatures of chromosomal instability in OS tumors by studying genomic imbalance and intercellular heterogeneity. This comprehensive genomic screening approach provides important insights concerning the mechanisms responsible for generating complex genomes. The resulting phenotypic diversity can generate tumors with a propensity for an aggressive disease course. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to OS tumor development could result in the identification of prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Exploring and Comparing Clusterings of Multivariate Data Sets Using Persistent Homology

Clustering algorithms support exploratory data analysis by grouping inputs that share similar features. Especially the clustering of unlabelled data is said to be a fiendishly difficult problem, because users not only have to choose a suitable clustering algorithm but also a suitable number of clusters. The known issues of existing clustering validity measures comprise instabilities in the presence of noise and restrictive assumptions about cluster shapes. In addition, they cannot evaluate individual clusters locally. We present a new measure for assessing and comparing different clusterings both on a global and on a local level. Our measure is based on the topological method of persistent homology, which is stable and unbiased towards cluster shapes. Based on our measure, we also describe a new visualization that displays similarities between different clusterings (using a global graph view) and supports their comparison on the individual cluster level (using a local glyph view). We demonstrate how our visualization helps detect different—but equally valid—clusterings of data sets from multiple application domains.
Vaccination of 1-Day-Old Turkey Poults with Fowlpox Vaccine by Subcutaneous Route

SUMMARY In high-challenge areas, 1-day-old chicks are often vaccinated with fowlpox vaccine to provide early protection against the disease. However, we were unable to find any information in the published literature on the safety and efficacy of live fowlpox virus vaccine in 1-day-old turkeys. In this study, we evaluated a freeze-dried chicken-embryo–origin live fowlpox virus vaccine for its safety and efficacy in 1-day-old turkey poults by administering the vaccine subcutaneously in the upper back of the neck. Following vaccination, the turkeys were observed for 3 wk for vaccine-associated mortality and adverse reactions. Efficacy was evaluated by challenging the turkeys against a standard challenge strain of fowlpox virus. The results of this study indicated that the vaccine was safe and efficacious for subcutaneous administration in 1-day-old turkeys. None of the vaccinated turkeys revealed any adverse reactions or mortality associated with the vaccine. The vaccine protected more than 98% of the turkeys against fowlpox virus challenge.
Reversal effect of Achillea millefolium extract on ileum contractions

Introduction: Traditionally Achillea millefolium L. has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders. In this study the hydroalcoholic extract of A. millefolium was evaluated on ileum contractions of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 32 male Wistar rats were designated into 4 equal groups, including: acetyl choline, KCl, extract plus acetyl choline and the group which received extract plus KCl. The isotonic contractions of ileum (induced by 60 mM KCl or 1 μM acetyl choline) in tyrode solution were recorded, under 1 gr tension. Then, the effects of normal saline or extract (1%) were evaluated. The percentage changes were calculated and compared in different groups using ANOWA and Tukey tests. Results: The mean of ileum contractions in acetyl choline and KCl groups were 18.83±4.91 and 18.31±11.12 (p=0.5). The percentage of contraction relieve in extract plus acetyl choline group was 53.16±12.06 and in extract plus KCl group was 62.96±11.08 (p=0.4). The contractions in extract groups were significantly less than acetyl choline or KCl groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that Achillea millefolium extract inhibits ileum contractions. Therefore, it might be used in patients to reduce ileum spasms.
Analysis of Wikipedia-based Corpora for Question Answering

This paper gives comprehensive analyses of corpora based on Wikipedia for several tasks in question answering. Four recent corpora are collected,WikiQA, SelQA, SQuAD, and InfoQA, and first analyzed intrinsically by contextual similarities, question types, and answer categories. These corpora are then analyzed extrinsically by three question answering tasks, answer retrieval, selection, and triggering. An indexing-based method for the creation of a silver-standard dataset for answer retrieval using the entire Wikipedia is also presented. Our analysis shows the uniqueness of these corpora and suggests a better use of them for statistical question answering learning.
Tropical cyclones in the spectral element configuration of the Community Atmosphere Model

This paper explores the evolution of idealized tropical cyclones in the Community Atmosphere Model CAM 5 with the spectral element (SE) dynamical core at grid spacings of 111, 55 and 28 km. Over 10 simulation days the storms become increasingly intense and compact with increasing resolution. The experiments reveal unrealistically strong tropical cyclone intensities of minimum surface pressures ranging from 845 to 865 hPa and absolute maximum wind speeds greater than 100 m s−1 at the highest resolution, especially when small physics time steps are used. This unphysical behavior is related to the manner in which the physics time step is applied in CAM 5. The analysis indicates that the behavior of the physics parameterizations, namely the partitioning between convective and large‐scale precipitation, at small time steps contributes to this intensity. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Pulse inversion Doppler: a new method for detecting nonlinear echoes from microbubble contrast agents

A novel technique for the selective detection of ultrasound contrast agents, called pulse inversion Doppler, has been developed. In this technique, a conventional Doppler or color Doppler pulse sequence is modified by inverting every second transmit pulse. Either conventional or harmonic Doppler processing is then performed on the received echoes. In the resulting Doppler spectra, Doppler shifts from linear and nonlinear scattering are separated into two distinct regions that can be analyzed separately or combined to estimate the ratio of nonlinear to linear scattering from a region of tissue. The maximum Doppler shift that can be detected is 1/2 the normal Nyquist limit. This has the advantage over conventional harmonic Doppler that it can function over the entire bandwidth of the echo signal, thus achieving superior spatial resolution in the Doppler image. In vitro measurements comparing flowing agent and cellulose particles suggest that pulse inversion Doppler can provide 3 to 10 dB more agent to tissue contrast than harmonic imaging with similar pulses. Similar measurements suggest that broadband pulse inversion Doppler can provide up to 16 dB more contrast than broadband conventional Doppler. Nonlinear propagation effects limit the maximum contrast obtainable with both harmonic and pulse inversion Doppler techniques.
Resonant tunneling diodes for multi-valued digital applications

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) have unique folding V-I characteristics, which lend themselves to multi-valued applications, The negative differential resistance of RTDs renders the operating points self-latching and stable. Any positive resistance in series with an RTD can give rise to hysteresis, especially at high frequencies, The hysteresis effect limits the operation of some multi-valued circuits, but can be utilized to produce some useful functions in other applications. In most applications, the input connection and the output connection are sequentially clocked to achieve isolation. An RTD can achieve higher operating frequency operation than conventional devices, and the maximum operating frequency is often limited by the dynamic hysteresis effect. <<ETX>>
The Localization of the Brain-Specific Inorganic Phosphate Transporter Suggests a Specific Presynaptic Role in Glutamatergic Transmission

Molecular cloning has recently identified a vertebrate brain-specific Na+-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter (BNPI). BNPI has strong sequence similarity to EAT-4, aCaenorhabditis elegans protein implicated in glutamatergic transmission. To characterize the physiological role of BNPI, we have generated an antibody to the protein. Immunocytochemistry of rat brain sections shows a light microscopic pattern that is suggestive of reactivity in nerve terminals. Excitatory projections are labeled prominently, and ultrastructural analysis confirms that BNPI localizes almost exclusively to terminals forming asymmetric excitatory-type synapses. Although BNPI depends on a Na+ gradient and presumably functions at the plasma membrane, both electron microscopy and biochemical fractionation show that BNPI associates preferentially with the membranes of small synaptic vesicles. The results provide anatomic evidence of a specific presynaptic role for BNPI in glutamatergic neurotransmission, consistent with the phenotype of eat-4 mutants. Because an enzyme known as the phosphate-activated glutaminase produces glutamate for release as a neurotransmitter, BNPI may augment excitatory transmission by increasing cytoplasmic phosphate concentrations within the nerve terminal and hence increasing glutamate synthesis. Expression of BNPI on synaptic vesicles suggests a mechanism for neural activity to regulate the function of BNPI.
Symmetry reduction for probabilistic systems

Symmetry reduction techniques have been quite successful in combatting the state-space explosion problem for temporal logic model checking [2, 3]. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in using model checkers to verify properties of probabilistic systems. We describe work in progress in extending symmetry reduction techniques to apply to discrete time Markov chains and Markov decision processes, and present preliminary results implementing symmetry reduction for the PRISM model checker [6].
La identidad regional de los medios

En Europa los medios regionales gozan de mejor salud que los de circulacion nacional. El exito se debe a que, por una parte, cultivan el factor de la proximidad, considerado uno de los reclamos mas poderosos a la hora de elegir una noticia; y, por la otra, son reflejo de una fuerte conciencia de identidad regional. Sin embargo, el publico tiene cada vez mayores exigencias, ya que esta segmentado por intereses especificos y necesita conocer los distintos contextos en los que se producen las noticias. Ello ha supuesto un hecho clave: la proximidad ya no debe entenderse solo en su vertiente geografica, sino social, cultural o, incluso, psicologica. Los medios regionales, y Chile no es una excepcion, se enfrentan al desafio de organizar sus contenidos a traves de una correcta articulacion entre lo global y lo local. Palabras clave: medios regionales; proximidad; organizacion de contenidos; identidad cultural.
Joint Multi-View Representation Learning and Image Tagging

Automatic image annotation is an important problem in several machine learning applications such as image search. Since there exists a semantic gap between low-level image features and high-level semantics, the description ability of image representation can largely affect annotation results. In fact, image representation learning and image tagging are two closely related tasks. A proper image representation can achieve better image annotation results, and image tags can be treated as guidance to learn more effective image representation. In this paper, we present an optimal predictive subspace learning method which jointly conducts multi-view representation learning and image tagging. The two tasks can promote each other and the annotation performance can be further improved. To make the subspace to be more compact and discriminative, both visual structure and semantic information are exploited during learning. Moreover, we introduce powerful predictors (SVM) for image tagging to achieve better annotation performance. Experiments on standard image annotation datasets demonstrate the advantages of our method over the existing image annotation methods.
Modeling Forces of Infection Using Monotone Local Polynomials

Based on serological data from prevalence studies of rubella, mumps and hepatitis A, this paper describes a flexible local maximum likelihood method for the estimation of the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire infection at different ages. In contrast to parametric models used before in the literature, the local polynomial likelihood method allows one to model this age-dependent force of infection without making any assumptions about the parametric structure. Moreover, this method allows for simultaneous nonparametric estimation of age-specific incidence and prevalence. Unconstrained models may lead to negative estimates for the force of infection at certain ages. To overcome this problem and to guarantee maximal flexibility, the local smoother can be constrained to be monotone. It turns out that different parametric and nonparametric estimates of the force of infection can exhibit considerable different qualitative features like location and number of maxima, emphasizing the importance of a well-chosen flexible statistical model.
The effect of typography upon the perceptual span in reading.

In the reading situation, the amount of material perceived at each fixational pause is known as the perceptual or fixation-span. The material perceived at any one fixation is greater than the words or letters within the area of clear vision which covers only three or four letters. Dodge points out that this area of clear vision merges into a less clear and less distinct peripheral area.x There are no sharp boundaries between the two areas. In reading, one fixates an area, not a point. As emphasized by Dodge, practically all the significant stimulation of the retina in any reading pause is extra-foveal. Peripheral vision has an important r6le in reading. In the unclear vision to the right of a fixation it is possible to distinguish vague word forms (outlines of words). For words that are close to the area of clear vision, the word-forms are frequently clear enough to be perceived without direct fixation. The more vague word-forms in the more remote regions of the peripheral vision provide a pre-fixational beginning of perception and act as guides to subsequent fixations. "It seems probable that the normal reading pause represents a comparatively late moment in the total process of perception of the fixated object. "2 The degree to which peripheral vision is utilized by the reader is an important determinant of perceptual span. For instance, it is probable that the proficient reader makes maximum use of cues in peripheral vision in reading easy narrative prose. Certain factors appear to condition the utilization of peripheral vision in reading. It is obvious from experimental evidence that the extent of the perceptual span is partly determined by the complex central processes of apprehension and assimilation. Abundant data show that, as the requirements of comprehension increase, more and longer fixational pauses are required. This means a smaller perceptual span.
Electrospun Zein/Gelatin Scaffold-Enhanced Cell Attachment and Growth of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Periodontitis is a widespread dental disease affecting 10 to 15% of worldwide adult population, yet the current treatments are far from satisfactory. The human periodontal ligament stem cell is a promising potential seed cell population type in cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration, which require appropriate scaffold to provide a mimic extracellular matrix. Zein, a native protein derived from corn, has an excellent biodegradability, and therefore becomes a hotspot on research and application in the field of biomaterials. However, the high hydrophobicity of zein is unfavorable for cell adhesion and thus greatly limits its use. In this study, we fabricate co-electrospun zein/gelatin fiber scaffolds in order to take full advantages of the two natural materials and electrospun fiber structure. Zein and gelatin in four groups of different mass ratios (100:00, 100:20, 100:34, 100:50), and dissolved the mixtures in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, then produced membranes by electrospinning. The results showed that the scaffolds were smooth and homogeneous, as shown in scanning electron micrographs. The diameter of hybrid fibers was increased from 69 ± 22 nm to 950 ± 356 nm, with the proportion of gelatin increase. The cell affinity of zein/gelatin nanofibers was evaluated by using human periodontal ligament stem cells. The data showed that hydrophilicity and cytocompatibility of zein nanofibers were improved by blended gelatin. Taken together, our results indicated that the zein/gelatin co-electrospun fibers had sufficient mechanical properties, satisfied cytocompatibility, and can be utilized as biological scaffolds in the field of tissue regeneration.
Nasal and bronchial response to exercise in patients with asthma and rhinitis: the role of nitric oxide

Background: Physical exercise is associated with a decrease in nasal resistance in rhinitis and an increase in bronchial resistance in asthma. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between the levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) and exhaled bronchial nitric oxide (eNO) with bronchial responses to exercise in patients with rhinitis and asthma.
The next chapter for group B meningococcal vaccines

Abstract The majority of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in the developed world is caused by capsular group B Neisseria meningitidis, however success with vaccination against organisms bearing this capsule has previously been restricted to control of geographically limited clonal outbreaks. As we enter a new era, with the first routine program underway to control endemic group B meningococcal disease for infants in the UK, it is timely to review the key landmarks in group B vaccine development, and discuss the issues determining whether control of endemic group B disease will be achieved. Evidence of a reduction in carriage acquisition of invasive group B meningococcal strains, after vaccination among adolescents, is imperative if routine immunization is to drive population control of disease beyond those who are vaccinated (i.e. through herd immunity). The need for multiple doses to generate a sufficiently protective response and reactogenicity remain significant problems with the new generation of vaccines. Despite these limitations, early data from the UK indicate that new group B meningococcal vaccines have the potential to have a major impact on meningococcal disease, and to provide new insight into how we might do better in the future.
Similarity Retrieval of 3D Models with Query by Clay Sketch

This paper presents a system for similarity retrieval of 3D models. In the system, a 3D sketch created with clay is used as a query. The clay sketch is digitized into a point cloud with a desktop 3D scanner. To compensate for the lack of scanning accuracy, the digitized model is refined by interpolation and decimation of data points. The effectiveness of the proposed system is experimentally evaluated by comparing the query-by-clay sketch method with other methods. The results have shown that the retrieval performance of the query-by-clay sketch method is superior to conventional methods.
Arabic Cultural Style Based Music Classification

Automatic music genre classification are essential for applications that provide music analysis and music retrieval as well as for recommendation systems. Most of the prior research in this domain focused on investigating western music genre classification. The automatic classification of Arabic cultural style music has never been studied. In this paper, we present an approach for classifying digital Arabic songs automatically based on their cultural style. Four Arabic cultural styles are studied which are the Moroccan, Egyptian, Shami and Khaliji. Three sets of acoustic features are investigated together with supervised classifiers to identify the cultural style of a song. Moreover, feature selection algorithms are employed to identify the most suitable subset of features for classification. An overall accuracy of 80.25% is reached for the classification of the four styles using a Decision Tree classifier after applying the OneR Attribute feature selection algorithm.
The Problem of Faith in Young Goodman Brown

Sur les differentes interpretations de ce conte de N. Hawthorne: l'ambiguite est due au melange d'allegorie et d'analyse psychologique. La predisposition nevrotique a faire le mal. L'histoire est a la fois une vision onirique, une allegorie conventionnelle et finalement, une investigation dans le domaine de la foi qui determine les postulats sur lesquels est basee l'allegorie. Symbolisme des vetements et costumes des personnages feminins. La Foi est une abstraction pour laquelle H. refuse l'amplification symbolique.
Exploiting Low-rank Structure for Discriminative Sub-categorization

In visual recognition, sub-categorization has been proposed to deal with large intraclass variance of samples in a category. Instead of learning a single classifier for each category, discriminant sub-categorization approaches divide a category into several subcategories and simultaneously train classifiers for each sub-category. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for discriminative sub-categorization. Our method jointly trains the exemplar classifier for each positive sample to address the intra-variance of a category and exploits the low rank structure to preserve common information while discovering sub-categories. We formulate the problem as a convex objective function and introduce an efficient solver based on alternating direction method of multipliers. Comprehensive experiments on various datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method in both sub-category discovery and visual recognition.