Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive requirements of competing neuro-behavioral decision systems: some implications of temporal horizon for managerial behavior in organizations

Interpretation of managerial activity in terms of neuroscience is typically concerned with extreme behaviors such as corporate fraud or reckless investment (Peterson, 2007; Wargo et al., 2010a). This paper is concerned to map out the neurophysiological and cognitive mechanisms at work across the spectrum of managerial behaviors encountered in more day-to-day contexts. It proposes that the competing neuro-behavioral decisions systems (CNBDS) hypothesis (Bickel et al., 2012b) captures well the range of managerial behaviors that can be characterized as hyper- or hypo-activity in either the limbically-based impulsive system or the frontal-cortically based executive system with the corresponding level of activity encountered in the alternative brain region. This pattern of neurophysiological responding also features in the Somatic Marker Hypothesis (Damasio, 1994) and in Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST; Gray and McNaughton, 2000; McNaughton and Corr, 2004), which usefully extend the thesis, for example in the direction of personality. In discussing these theories, the paper has three purposes: to clarify the role of cognitive explanation in neuro-behavioral decision theory, to propose picoeconomics (Ainslie, 1992) as the cognitive component of competing neuro-behavioral decision systems theory and to suggest solutions to the problems of imbalanced neurophysiological activity in managerial behavior. The first is accomplished through discussion of the role of picoeconomics in neuro-behavioral decision theory; the second, by consideration of adaptive-innovative cognitive styles (Kirton, 2003) in the construction of managerial teams, a theme that can now be investigated by a dedicated research program that incorporates psychometric analysis of personality types and cognitive styles involved in managerial decision-making and the underlying neurophysiological bases of such decision-making.
Model checking hierarchical communicating real-time state machines

Hierarchical communicating real-time state machines (H-CRSM) is a formal modelling language for the modular development of distributed real-time systems. The formalism is characterized by the use of state transitions with guarded commands and timing constraints, the adoption of a few distilled statecharts constructs, and the modular specification of timing constraints along a state hierarchy. This paper proposes a translation of H-CRSM into UPPAAL which enables model checking. Translation rests on unfolding a hierarchical model on a flat representation
KONECT: the Koblenz network collection

We present the Koblenz Network Collection (KONECT), a project to collect network datasets in the areas of web science, network science and related areas, as well as provide tools for their analysis. In the cited areas, a surprisingly large number of very heterogeneous data can be modeled as networks and consequently, a unified representation of networks can be used to gain insight into many kinds of problems. Due to the emergence of the World Wide Web in the last decades many such datasets are now openly available. The KONECT project thus has the goal of collecting many diverse network datasets from the Web, and providing a way for their systematic study. The main parts of KONECT are (1) a collection of over 160 network datasets, consisting of directed, undirected, unipartite, bipartite, weighted, unweighted, signed and temporal networks collected from the Web, (2) a Matlab toolbox for network analysis and (3) a website giving a compact overview the various computed statistics and plots. In this paper, we describe KONECT's taxonomy of networks datasets, give an overview of the datasets included, review the supported statistics and plots, and briefly discuss KONECT's role in the area of web science and network science.
MASON: A Proposal For An Ontology Of Manufacturing Domain

This paper presents a proposal for a manufacturing upper ontology, aimed to draft a common semantic net in manufacturing domain. Usefulness of ontologies for data formalization and sharing, especially in a manufacturing environment, are first discussed. Details are given about the Web ontology language (OWL) and its adequation for ontologies in the manufacturing systems is shown. A concrete proposal named MASON (MAnufacturing's Semantics ONtology) is presented and two applications of this ontology are exposed: automatic cost estimation and semantic-aware multiagent system for manufacturing
Coping Strategies of Students in the United Arab Emirates University: A Research Application of the Arabic Version of the CISS

This paper investigated the manner by which students of the United Arab Emirates University (UAEU) coped with stress and determined the influence of demographic factors on the coping strategies used by students in an academic setting. The sample consisted of 197 undergraduate Emirati students from the university who were differentiated according to sex, age, year level, and marital status. The study used the Arabic version of the CISS that was formulated and validated by Hamid and Musa (2012) which is a semantic and contextualization adaptation of the CISS. Data gathering was done by means of the survey and the collected data was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the students depended on a repertoire of coping mechanisms which were either used frequently or sparingly regardless of sex, age, year level, or marital status. The findings depict a culturally endemic outlook of student coping in the context of the universal phenomenon of university education which makes it differ from the picture of coping among students in other cultural circumstances. On the basis of the extent to which coping strategies were used, the students of the UAEU can be better seen as contingent or repertorial copers. Keywords: Academic stress, coping, coping strategy, coping styles inventory
A New Trend in Optimization on Multi Overcomplete Dictionary toward Inpainting

Recently, great attention was intended toward overcomplete dictionaries and the sparse representations they can provide. In a wide variety of signal processing problems, sparsity serves a crucial property leading to high performance. Inpainting, the process of reconstructing lost or deteriorated parts of images or videos, is an interesting application which can be handled by suitably decomposition of an image through combination of overcomplete dictionaries. This paper addresses a novel technique of such a decomposition and investigate that through inpainting of images. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the validation of our approach.
Dose Selection Based on Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Approaches

Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are built using differential equations to describe the physiology/anatomy of different biological systems. Readily available in vitro and in vivo preclinical data can be incorporated into these models to not only estimate pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and plasma concentration–time profiles, but also to gain mechanistic insight into compound properties. They provide a mechanistic framework to understand and extrapolate PK and dose across in vitro and in vivo systems and across different species, populations and disease states. Using small molecule and large molecule examples from the literature and our own company, we have shown how PBPK techniques can be utilised for human PK and dose prediction. Such approaches have the potential to increase efficiency, reduce the need for animal studies, replace clinical trials and increase PK understanding. Given the mechanistic nature of these models, the future use of PBPK modelling in drug discovery and development is promising, however some limitations need to be addressed to realise its application and utility more broadly.
Back to the Future: Omniscient Debugging

This article presents TOD (trace oriented debugger), a prototype scalable omniscient debugger for Java, which aims at making omniscient debugging practical, at last. Omniscient debuggers, also known as back-in-time or reversible debuggers, record the whole history, or execution trace, of a debugged program and let the user freely explore it. This approach combines the advantages of both log-based (past activity is never lost) and breakpoint based debugging (interactive navigation, step-by-step execution, and complete stack inspection). Omniscient debuggers simulate step-by-step execution both forward and backward, avoiding having to rerun the whole program many times to pinpoint the bug's root cause. More importantly, they make it possible to navigate through the history of a program by following causal links, so questions that would otherwise require a significant effort can be answered instantly for instance, "When was variable x assigned a null value? " or "What was the state of object o when it was passed as an argument to method foo? ".
Estimates of Random Walk Exit Probabilities and Application to Loop-Erased Random Walk

We prove an estimate for the probability that a simple random walk in a simply connected subset $A$ of $Z^2$ starting on the boundary exits $A$ at another specified boundary point. The estimates are uniform over all domains of a given inradius. We apply these estimates to prove a conjecture of S. Fomin in 2001 concerning a relationship between crossing probabilities of loop-erased random walk and Brownian motion.
Pre-peak ram pressure stripping in the Virgo cluster spiral galaxy NGC 4501

VIVA Hi observations of the Virgo spiral galaxy NGC 4501 are presented. The HI disk is sharply truncated to the southwest, well within the stellar disk. A region of low surface-density gas, which is more extended than the main HI disk, is discovered northeast of the galaxy center. These data are compared to existing 6 cm polarized radio continuum emission, Hα, and optical broad band images. We observe a coincidence between the western HI and polarized emission edges, on the one hand, and a faint Ha emission ridge, on the other. The polarized emission maxima are located within the gaps between the spiral arms and the faint Hα ridge. Based on the comparison of these observations with a sample of dynamical simulations with different values for maximum ram pressure and different inclination angles between the disk and the orbital plane, we conclude that ram pressure stripping can account for the main observed characteristics. NGC 4501 is stripped nearly edge-on, is heading southwest, and is ∼200-300 Myr before peak ram pressure, i.e. its closest approach to M 87. The southwestern ridge of enhanced gas surface density and enhanced polarized radio-continuum emission is due to ram pressure compression. It is argued that the faint western Ha emission ridge is induced by nearly edge-on ram pressure stripping. NGC 4501 represents an especially clear example of early stage ram pressure stripping of a large cluster-spiral galaxy.
Adaptive Segregation-Based MAC Protocol for Real-Time Multimedia Traffic in WLANs

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have become very popular both in private and public sectors. Despite the fast expansion of WLANs in various environments, quality of service (QoS) issues for multimedia applications in WLANs are not yet resolved. Multimedia applications contain traffic that are sensitive to delay and jitter and therefore a best-effort protocol such as the legacy IEEE 802.11 is not suitable. The 802.11e protocol provides prioritization and classification of traffic to offer better QoS for real-time services. However, it leaves the design and implementation of many important optimization features to vendors. In this paper we introduce a mechanism to improve the delay and jitter of real-time traffic in WLAN nodes supporting multimedia applications. In our proposed mechanism, we segregate voice and video traffic from the best-effort traffic. We create a scheduler that schedules the access of real-time traffic and non real-time traffic to the medium with centralized polling and distributed contention respectively. We show that our proposed protocol performs better in terms of delay and jitter than the legacy 802.11 and 802.11e in a scenario where all wireless nodes carry multimedia traffic simultaneously.
Paraoxonase Enzyme Protects Retinal Pigment Epithelium from Chlorpyrifos Insult

Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) provides nourishment and protection to the eye. RPE dysfunction due to oxidative stress and inflammation is one of the major reason for many of the retinal disorders. Organophosphorus pesticides are widely used in the agricultural, industrial and household activities in India. However, their effects on the eye in the context of RPE has not been studied. In this study the defense of the ARPE19 cells exposed to Chlorpyrifos (1 nM to 100 µM) in terms of the enzyme paraoxonase (PON) was studied at 24 hr and 9 days of treatment. Chlorpyrifos was found to induce oxidative stress in the ARPE19 cells as seen by significant increase in ROS and decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels without causing cell death. Tissue resident Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) mRNA expression was elevated with chlorpyrifos exposure. The three enzymatic activities of PON namely, paraoxonase (PONase), arylesterase (PON AREase) and thiolactonase (PON HCTLase) were also found to be significantly altered to detoxify and as an antioxidant defense. Among the transcription factors regulating PON2 expression, SP1 was significantly increased with chlorpyrifos exposure. PON2 expression was found to be crucial as ARPE19 cells showed a significant loss in their ability to withstand oxidative stress when the cells were subjected to chlorpyrifos after silencing PON2 expression. Treatment with N-acetyl cysteine positively regulated the PON 2 expression, thus promoting the antioxidant defense put up by the cells in response to chlorpyrifos.
Staying connected : mechanisms related to the wellbeing of older adults online

Social connection and the need to belong are central to human motivations in order to maintain optimal health. With the reality of an ageing population, it is vital to identify ways to keep older adults connected and included. This was the first study to examine whether, and to what extent, older adults can derive feelings of social connectedness online. Further, this study investigated the relationship between online-derived social connectedness, belongingness orientation and wellbeing outcomes in older adults. Participants (N=241) aged between 55 and 81 completed an online survey which measured social connection: online and offline; the need to belong: growth orientation; and wellbeing outcomes: physical health, loneliness, depression, stress, anxiety, and subjective wellbeing. As hypothesised, older adults gained feelings of social connectedness online, similar to that gained from traditional networks, and to the same extent as younger people. The hypothesised moderated mediation was supported for loneliness and depression, partially supported for stress and subjective wellbeing, but was not supported for anxiety. Results suggest that online social networks may be an alternative platform for older adults to maintain social connection and wellbeing, particularly for those with a growth belongingness orientation. Though causality cannot be inferred from the current design; it is suggested that online social networks may be a fruitful source of social connection for those less able to connect face-to-face.
KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGIES IN ENGINEERING DESIGN

An analysis of recent research on knowledge technologies in engineering design shows that a majority deals with modelling issues. The interest in acquiring and retrieving knowledge seems to be dropping, whereas reuse gains more attention. There is little research on publishing and maintaining knowledge. These findings are confronted with current development in knowledge technologies and with industry needs. Future research will have to consider the development potential of technologies to reuse, publish and maintain knowledge. Acquisition, modelling and retrieval issues are though not to be neglected. Research should be carried out in multi-disciplinary projects. Industrial partners should consider the practical impacts of tools developed.
A coverage restoration scheme for wireless sensor networks within Simulated Annealing

This paper presents a simple but an effective approach to restore the coverage within a wireless sensor network (WSN) when sensors fail without adding new sensors. We have considered a sensor node failure due to electrical faults or malfunctions during the initial deployment. Each sensor has a limited energy supply, and the failure of a sensor results in extra overhead during restoration of the uncovered regions of the failed sensors on the active sensors. Therefore, we have proposed a restoration problem, which is to find the nearest and most apt neighbor in order to cover the uncovered region and at the same time maintain the lifespan of WSN to an accepted level. We have developed a restoration scheme within an optimization search algorithm, Simulated Annealing- a generic probabilistic metaheuristic algorithm. Our scheme searches the neighborhood space of the failing sensors in west-first counterclockwise. Our algorithm analyzes all the categories of failed nodes and the computational results show that our algorithm assists to increase the coverage area of the failing sensors with optimized energy consumption.
Positive regulation of meiotic DNA double-strand break formation by activation of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase Mec1(ATR)

During meiosis, formation and repair of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) create genetic exchange between homologous chromosomes—a process that is critical for reductional meiotic chromosome segregation and the production of genetically diverse sexually reproducing populations. Meiotic DSB formation is a complex process, requiring numerous proteins, of which Spo11 is the evolutionarily conserved catalytic subunit. Precisely how Spo11 and its accessory proteins function or are regulated is unclear. Here, we use Saccharomyces cerevisiae to reveal that meiotic DSB formation is modulated by the Mec1(ATR) branch of the DNA damage signalling cascade, promoting DSB formation when Spo11-mediated catalysis is compromised. Activation of the positive feedback pathway correlates with the formation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) recombination intermediates and activation of the downstream kinase, Mek1. We show that the requirement for checkpoint activation can be rescued by prolonging meiotic prophase by deleting the NDT80 transcription factor, and that even transient prophase arrest caused by Ndt80 depletion is sufficient to restore meiotic spore viability in checkpoint mutants. Our observations are unexpected given recent reports that the complementary kinase pathway Tel1(ATM) acts to inhibit DSB formation. We propose that such antagonistic regulation of DSB formation by Mec1 and Tel1 creates a regulatory mechanism, where the absolute frequency of DSBs is maintained at a level optimal for genetic exchange and efficient chromosome segregation.
The Performance of Human Resources in Research and Development Institutes in China

Focusing on the performance of R&D (research and development) efforts, this paper analyzes the different effects of three essential R&D institutes' various R&D inputs on the regional technological innovation with empirical evidence of 30 provinces in China during 2001-2007, and comparatively analyzes the human resources' performance between developed provinces and less developed provinces. The results show that human resources in each R&D institutes have a significant positive effect on the regional innovation, but the R&D expenditure inputs in public R&D sectors have a negative effect; and that the human resources have a greater effect on developed provinces than less developed provinces.
Causal discovery algorithms: A practical guide

1Department of Philosophy, Carnegie Mellon University 2Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University Correspondence David Danks, Departments of Philosophy and Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. Email: ddanks@cmu.edu Abstract Many investigations into the world, including philosophical ones, aim to discover causal knowledge, and many experimental methods have been developed to assist in causal discovery. More recently, algorithms have emerged that can also learn causal structure from purely or mostly observational data, as well as experimental data. These methods have started to be applied in various philosophical contexts, such as debates about our concepts of free will and determinism. This paper provides a “user's guide” to these methods, though not in the sense of specifying exact button presses in a software package. Instead, we explain the larger “pipeline” within which these methods are used and discuss key steps in moving from initial research idea to validated causal structure.
Model Checking Java Using Pushdown Systems

In recent years, model checking algorithms for the verification of infinite-state systems were introduced. We evaluate the possibility of using the algorithms for pushdown systems and various modal logics of [3] for verification of Java programs. It turns out that pushdown systems are particularly suitable for modeling the control flow of sequential Java programs, including exceptions (which are too often not supported by model checking tools). The process of mechanical abstract model generation is described, with emphasis on supporting Java exception handling mechanism, which is the major new contribution of this paper. We also show some possible uses of our approach and present a survey of the related work.
Biological and ecological traits of marine species

This paper reviews the utility and availability of biological and ecological traits for marine species so as to prioritise the development of a world database on marine species traits. In addition, the ‘status’ of species for conservation, that is, whether they are introduced or invasive, of fishery or aquaculture interest, harmful, or used as an ecological indicator, were reviewed because these attributes are of particular interest to society. Whereas traits are an enduring characteristic of a species and/or population, a species status may vary geographically and over time. Criteria for selecting traits were that they could be applied to most taxa, were easily available, and their inclusion would result in new research and/or management applications. Numerical traits were favoured over categorical. Habitat was excluded as it can be derived from a selection of these traits. Ten traits were prioritized for inclusion in the most comprehensive open access database on marine species (World Register of Marine Species), namely taxonomic classification, environment, geography, depth, substratum, mobility, skeleton, diet, body size and reproduction. These traits and statuses are being added to the database and new use cases may further subdivide and expand upon them.