Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Success by Design: HOPE VI, New Urbanism, and the Neoliberal Transformation of Public Housing in the United States

Since the mid-1990s over 200 public housing projects across the United States have been redeveloped through a Department of Housing and Urban Development program called HOPE VI. The objectives of HOPE VI, each of which bears the imprint of neoliberal urban policy, include: promoting ‘mixed-finance’ partnerships between the public, private, and nonprofit sectors; replacing housing projects with ‘mixed-income’ communities; and rebuilding those communities in ways that bear no resemblance to traditional public housing. In this paper I interrogate the means and motives of these objectives through the lens of a ‘successful’ HOPE VI site. My case study is Park DuValle in Louisville, Kentucky, which is widely regarded as one of the program's crowning achievements. This approach allows for a more precise explication of how HOPE VI is intended to work than existing research on the program provides, and in turn affords a clearer perspective on the underlying rationales for, and broader implications of, HOPE VI revitalization. A key component of Park DuValle's apparent success is its embrace of New Urbanism and the stark contrast to the architecture of public housing that this planning and design paradigm presents. The physical transformation effected through HOPE VI, as exemplified by Park DuValle, both enables and legitimates the program's mixed-finance and mixed-income objectives while eliding the costs of pursuing these objectives.
Wireless sensor positioning algorithm

Spatially distributed sensors, which communicate wirelessly form a wireless sensor network (WSN). This network monitors physical or environmental conditions. A central gateway, called high energy communication node, collects data from all sensors and sends them to the central computer where they are processed. We need to minimize the number of sensors and energy consumption of the network, when the terrain is fully covered. We convert the problem from multi-objective to mono-objective. The new objective function is a linear combination between the number of sensors and network energy. We propose Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to solve the problem. We compare our results with the state-of-the-art in the literature.
Two Routes to Expertise in Mental Rotation

The ability to imagine objects undergoing rotation (mental rotation) improves markedly with practice, but an explanation of this plasticity remains controversial. Some researchers propose that practice speeds up the rate of a general-purpose rotation algorithm. Others maintain that performance improvements arise through the adoption of a new cognitive strategy-repeated exposure leads to rapid retrieval from memory of the required response to familiar mental rotation stimuli. In two experiments we provide support for an integrated explanation of practice effects in mental rotation by combining behavioral and EEG measures in a way that provides more rigorous inference than is available from either measure alone. Before practice, participants displayed two well-established signatures of mental rotation: Both response time and EEG negativity increased linearly with rotation angle. After extensive practice with a small set of stimuli, both signatures of mental rotation had all but disappeared. In contrast, after the same amount of practice with a much larger set both signatures remained, even though performance improved markedly. Taken together, these results constitute a reversed association, which cannot arise from variation in a single cause, and so they provide compelling evidence for the existence of two routes to expertise in mental rotation. We also found novel evidence that practice with the large but not the small stimulus set increased the magnitude of an early visual evoked potential, suggesting increased rotation speed is enabled by improved efficiency in extracting three-dimensional information from two-dimensional stimuli.
The structure of highly crosslinked poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels.

Films were prepared by reaction of HEMA monomer with the crosslinking agent ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) at crosslinking ratios, X, of 0.005, 0.01, 0.0128, 0.025, and 0.050 mol EGDMA/mol HEMA in the presence of 40 wt. % water at 60 degrees C for 12 h. These membranes were subsequently swollen in water at 37 degrees C and their structure analyzed using a modified Gaussian distribution equation of equilibrium swelling. The calculated values of Mc varied between 800 and 3700 daltons, which corresponded to a correlation length of the mesh size xi of 16.2 to 35.6 A. The structural analysis and diffusive studies of PHEMA membranes indicate that the recent determinations of Mc for PHEMA by Migliaresi et al. (C. Migliaresi, L. Nicodemo, L. Nicolais, and P. Passerini, "Physical characterization of PHEMA gels," J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 15, 307 (1981). and others are not accurate. The methods presented can also be used for analysis of any highly crosslinked polymer network produced by simultaneous polymerization and crosslinking reactions.
Toward building aesthetic, useful and readable tag clouds for websites

Tag clouds provide a graphical method of summarizing content of a text document (e.g. of a Web page) with a set of phrases projected onto a plane. In this paper we consider building aesthetic tag clouds algorithmically for Web site use. General design choices in tag-cloud construction are analyzed. State of the art will be outlined along the lines of these design choices. Special requirements imposed on tag clouds used on web sites are presented. Rules of beautiful page setting existing in typography are discussed and subsequently applied in an attempt to quantify aesthetic aspect of tag cloud appearance. The quantification is performed with the goal of constructing an objective function to be optimized in tag cloud construction. Then, a mathematical formulation for tag clouds construction is given. Finally, algorithms constructing tag clouds by optimization are given.
Fast Distribution To Real Regression

We study the problem of distribution to real-value regression, where one aims to regress a mapping $f$ that takes in a distribution input covariate $P\in \mathcal{I}$ (for a non-parametric family of distributions $\mathcal{I}$) and outputs a real-valued response $Y=f(P) + \epsilon$. This setting was recently studied, and a "Kernel-Kernel" estimator was introduced and shown to have a polynomial rate of convergence. However, evaluating a new prediction with the Kernel-Kernel estimator scales as $\Omega(N)$. This causes the difficult situation where a large amount of data may be necessary for a low estimation risk, but the computation cost of estimation becomes infeasible when the data-set is too large. To this end, we propose the Double-Basis estimator, which looks to alleviate this big data problem in two ways: first, the Double-Basis estimator is shown to have a computation complexity that is independent of the number of of instances $N$ when evaluating new predictions after training; secondly, the Double-Basis estimator is shown to have a fast rate of convergence for a general class of mappings $f\in\mathcal{F}$.
Spatial-Division Multiplexing MIMO Detection Based on a Modified Layered OSIC Scheme

Spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) provides very high spectral efficiency in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. A well-known SDM-MIMO wireless system is vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) which exhibits a good tradeoff between performance and complexity. Although maximum likelihood detection (MLD) has the optimal performance, its complexity is too high to practice such that some alternatives have been studied. The ordered successive interference cancellation (OSIC) algorithm was proposed for the advantage of high feasibility, however, there is a significant performance gap between MLD and OSIC. Here, we propose a modified layered OSIC algorithm to improve symbol detection in ill-conditioned layers with lower complexity compared to exhaustive search methods. To reduce the number of calculating matrix inversion for optimal ordering, we introduce a modified parallel interference cancellation method with precancellation and postcancellation to replace part of successive interference cancellation, based on evaluating the post-detection signal to noise ratio for each layer. Complexity analysis shows that the proposed algorithm saves about 65% operation of matrix inversion compared to a near-optimal improved layered OSIC algorithm while maintaining the similar bit error rate performance as shown in numerical results.
Biological Characterization of Chlamydia trachomatis Plasticity Zone MACPF Domain Family Protein CT153

ABSTRACT Chlamydia trachomatis strains are obligate intracellular human pathogens that share near genomic synteny but have distinct infection and disease organotropisms. The genetic basis for differences in the pathogen-host relationship among chlamydial strains is linked to a variable region of chlamydial genomes, termed the plasticity zone (PZ). Two groups of PZ-encoded proteins, the membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) domain protein (CT153) and members of the phospholipase D-like (PLD) family, are related to proteins that modify membranes and lipids, but the functions of CT153 and the PZ PLDs (pzPLDs) are unknown. Here, we show that full-length CT153 (p91) was present in the elementary bodies (EBs) of 15 C. trachomatis reference strains. CT153 underwent a rapid infection-dependent proteolytic cleavage into polypeptides of 57 and 41 kDa that was independent of de novo chlamydial protein synthesis. Following productive infection, p91 was expressed during the mid-developmental cycle and was similarly processed into p57 and p41 fragments. Infected-cell fractionation studies showed that insoluble fractions contained p91, p57, and p41, whereas only p91 was found in the soluble fraction, indicating that unprocessed CT153 may be secreted. Finally, CT153 localized to a distinct population of reticulate bodies, some of which were in contact with the inclusion membrane.
Perceived organizational support as a mediator of the relations between individual differences and psychological contract breach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine relations between five individual differences variables (positive affectivity, negative affectivity, reciprocation wariness, equity sensitivity, and Protestant work ethic) and the perception of psychological contract breach (PCB), and whether those relations are mediated by perceived organizational support (POS). Design/methodology/approach – A survey was administered to 234 professional (i.e. white‐collar) employees in the USA. Regression analyses were conducted to test the proposed relations and mediating hypotheses.Findings – In line with the hypothesized predictions, the findings indicate that POS fully mediated the relations between four out of the five individual difference variables examined (i.e. positive affectivity, reciprocation wariness, equity sensitivity, Protestant work ethic) and perceived PCB. In addition, POS partially mediated the relation between negative affectivity and perceived PCB.Research limitations/implications – The use of a cros.
Using Argumentation to Improve Classification in Natural Language Problems

Argumentation has proven successful in a number of domains, including Multi-Agent Systems and decision support in medicine and engineering. We propose its application to a domain yet largely unexplored by argumentation research: computational linguistics. We have developed a novel classification methodology that incorporates reasoning through argumentation with supervised learning. We train classifiers and then argue about the validity of their output. To do so, we identify arguments that formalise prototypical knowledge of a problem and use them to correct misclassifications. We illustrate our methodology on two tasks. On the one hand, we address cross-domain sentiment polarity classification, where we train classifiers on one corpus, for example, Tweets, to identify positive/negative polarity and classify instances from another corpus, for example, sentences from movie reviews. On the other hand, we address a form of argumentation mining that we call Relation-based Argumentation Mining, where we classify pairs of sentences based on whether the first sentence attacks or supports the second or whether it does neither. Whenever we find that one sentence attacks/supports the other, we consider both to be argumentative, irrespective of their stand-alone argumentativeness. For both tasks, we improve classification performance when using our methodology, compared to using standard classifiers only.
V-Myc Immortalizes Human Neural Stem Cells in the Absence of Pluripotency-Associated Traits

A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing stem cell self-renewal will foster the use of different types of stem cells in disease modeling and cell therapy strategies. Immortalization, understood as the capacity for indefinite expansion, is needed for the generation of any cell line. In the case of v-myc immortalized multipotent human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs), we hypothesized that v-myc immortalization could induce a more de-differentiated state in v-myc hNSC lines. To test this, we investigated the expression of surface, biochemical and genetic markers of stemness and pluripotency in v-myc immortalized and control hNSCs (primary precursors, that is, neurospheres) and compared these two cell types to human Embryonic Stem Cells (hESCs) and fibroblasts. Using a Hierarchical Clustering method and a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the v-myc hNSCs associated with their counterparts hNSCs (in the absence of v-myc) and displayed a differential expression pattern when compared to hESCs. Moreover, the expression analysis of pluripotency markers suggested no evidence supporting a reprogramming-like process despite the increment in telomerase expression. In conclusion, v-myc expression in hNSC lines ensures self-renewal through the activation of some genes involved in the maintenance of stem cell properties in multipotent cells but does not alter the expression of key pluripotency-associated genes.
When Gray Matters More Than Black or White

Although research is scant, there is a growing interest in the manifestation of the racial and cultural context on the schooling of biracial students. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the schooling experiences of 10 Black–White biracial students. Specifically, the goals of the study were to (a) identify the factors Black–White biracial students, ages 16 to 22, perceive as influential in their schooling; and (b) identify the factors the students’ parents perceive as influential in their children’s schooling. This study includes a brief review of the literature related to the schooling experiences of Black–White Biracial students. A qualitative phenomenological methodology was used to guide the design, implementation, and analysis of the study. The findings from the interviews with the biracial youth and their parents resulted in five themes, which were (a) region and school diversity; (b) peers; (c) teachers; (d) curriculum; and (e) socioeconomic status. Implications for researchers, policy makers, and teachers are outlined.
Quarter-pel Interpolation Architecture in H.264/AVC Decoder

In this paper, to reduce the computation amount of the quarter-pel interpolation in H.264 motion compensation, two-step interpolation approach is proposed: the first step is the half-pel interpolation and the other is the quarter-pel interpolation using the previous results. The quarter-pel interpolation is performed selectively according to the motion vector. The half-pel interpolation can be performed by simple row shift operation of the data stored in the register. Therefore, the proposed approach can be implemented as an simple hardware architecture which can perform a fast interpolation enough to process high-definition videos.
DISTRIBUTION PROBABILISTIC LOAD FLOW SOLUTION CONSIDERING NETWORK RECONFIGURATION AND VOLTAGE CONTROL DEVICES

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Secretory cells of the supraoptic nucleus have central as well as neurohypophysial projections

Conventional neuroanatomical methods may fail to demonstrate the presence of axons that are finer than 1 µm in diameter because such processes are near or below the limit of resolution of the light microscope. The presence of such axons can, however, be readily demonstrated by recording. The most easily interpreted type of recording for this purpose is the demonstration of antidromic activation of the cell body following stimulation of the region through which the axon passes. We have exploited this technique in the hypothalamus and have demonstrated the presence of double axonal projections or axons branching very near the cell bodies of the secretory cells of the neurohypophysial system in the rat supraoptic nucleus. We found that a small proportion of supraoptic magnocellular cells could be antidromically activated both from the neural stalk and from elsewhere in the hypothalamus, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (8 cells of a total of 182) and the antero‐ventral third ventricular region (AV3V; 4 of 182 cells) near the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT). Collision of antidromic and orthodromic spikes showed that the cells were clearly antidromically (rather than synaptically, or orthodromically) activated from both sites. A stimulus applied to one of the axons prevented propagation of a spike evoked by a pulse delivered to the other axon until sufficient time had elapsed after the first stimulus for the resultant spike to have propagated from the first stimulus site along one cell process (towards the cell body or branch point), and from this point along the other axonal branch to the second stimulus site (there was also a short additional delay period during which the axon at the site of the second stimulus recovered from its absolute refractory period). If the interval between the stimuli was progressively reduced, there came a point where the second spike failed. Such a clear demonstration of dual projections in a system where the cells were previously thought to have only a single axon raises the possibility that many nerve cells in the CNS have previously unsuspected projections.
A new sequential detector for short-duration signals

For quickest detection of a permanent change in distribution of otherwise i.i. d. observations Page's test provides the optimal processor. Page's test has also been applied to the detection of transient (i.e. temporary) changes in distribution: it is easy to implement and has reliable performance, but as applied to the transient problem its optimality is questionable. In this paper we offer an alternative to the Page procedure which we call the iterated generalized sequential probability ratio test, or IGSPRT. While Page's test is itself an IGSPRT, its form and performance are constrained by its reliance on constant thresholds and biases. We demonstrate that with these time-varying, markedly increased detection probabilities are possible. The IGSPRT is easiest to understand and motivate in the Gaussian shift-in-mean problem, and we discuss this in detail, but since that problem is of limited practical interest, we also examine the effect of the IGSPRT in a more realistic situation.
Hitler: 1936-1945 Nemesis

The New Yorker declared the first volume of Ian Kershaw's two-volume masterpiece "as close to definitive as anything we are likely to see," and that promise is fulfilled in this stunning second volume. As Nemesis opens, Adolf Hitler has achieved absolute power within Germany and triumphed in his first challenge to the European powers. Idolized by large segments of the population and firmly supported by the Nazi regime, Hitler is poised to subjugate Europe. Nine years later, his vaunted war machine destroyed, Allied forces sweeping across Germany, Hitler will end his life with a pistol shot to his head. "[M]ore probing, more judicious, more authoritative in its rich detail.more commanding in its mastery of the horrific narrative. "-Milton J. Rosenberg, Chicago Tribune
Neural Mechanisms Underlying Compensatory and Noncompensatory Strategies in Risky Choice

Individuals may differ systematically in their applied decision strategies, which has critical implications for decision neuroscience but is yet scarcely studied. Our study's main focus was therefore to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying compensatory versus noncompensatory strategies in risky choice. Here, we compared people using a compensatory expected value maximization with people using a simplified noncompensatory loss-minimizing choice strategy. To this end, we used a two-choice paradigm including a set of “simple” items (e.g., simple condition), in which one option was superior on all attributes, and a set of “conflict” items, in which one option was superior on one attribute but inferior on other attributes. A binomial mixture analysis of the decisions elicited by these items differentiated between decision-makers using either a compensatory or a noncompensatory strategy. Behavioral differences were particularly pronounced in the conflict condition, and these were paralleled by neural results. That is, we expected compensatory decision-makers to use an integrated value comparison during choice in the conflict condition. Accordingly, the compensatory group tracked the difference in expected value between choice options reflected in neural activation in the parietal cortex. Furthermore, we expected noncompensatory, compared with compensatory, decision-makers to experience increased conflict when attributes provided conflicting information. Accordingly, the noncompensatory group showed greater dorsomedial PFC activation only in the conflict condition. These pronounced behavioral and neural differences indicate the need for decision neuroscience to account for individual differences in risky choice strategies and to broaden its scope to noncompensatory risky choice strategies.