Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current prognostic factors‐renal cell carcinoma

Thorough evaluation of known prognostic factors is an essential part of the assessment of patients with primary renal carcinoma. This is not only critical to the planning of therapy, but also important in predicting disease outcome. Although clinical, radiographic, and pathologic assessment are important components of this process, newer studies are focusing on other laboratory parameters, particularly in the area of biomolecular markers, in an attempt to find factors that will enhance the prognostic evaluation. The rigorous assessment of the prognostic value of clinical, anatomic, histologic, and biomolecular parameters requires large prospective studies focusing on those factors that are likely to have some promise. Such studies have not been completed for many of the newer markers. The value of prognostic markers must be approached using an evidenced-based technique. Elaborate systems for assessing evidence presented in studies can be found, but for the purpose of this evaluation, the group has decided to employ a working categorization of prognostic factors as proposed by the College of American Pathologists. Prognostic factors should be clinically relevant, have significant correlation with other known factors and outcome, and have an independent prognostic significance. This classification is presented in Table 1. * Workgroup participant. Category I factors are well supported in the literature and used regularly to manage patients. Many of the traditional clinical, anaPresented at ‘‘Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal tomic, and histologic parameters (including grade and histologic typCell Carcinoma: 1997 Workshop’’ Rochester, Minnesota, March 21–22, 1997. ing) fit into this category. Category II factors have been extensively studied in either clinical Address for reprints: John R. Srigley, M.D., trials or in biologic and correlative studies. These particular factors F.R. C.P.C. , Chief of Laboratory Medicine, The show promise but have not been conclusively proven to be of value Credit Valley Hospital, 2200 Eglinton Avenue in multivariate analyses. West, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5M 2N1. Category III, the final category applies to those factors that show some promise but do not meet the above criteria. Received March 27, 1997; accepted May 7, 1997. Prognostic factors in renal cell carcinoma can be categorized
Rapid weight loss followed by recovery time does not affect judo-related performance

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of rapid weight loss followed by a 4-h recovery on judo-related performance. Seven weight-cycler athletes were assigned to a weight loss group (5% body weight reduction by self-selected regime) and seven non-weight-cyclers to a control group (no weight reduction). Body composition, performance, glucose, and lactate were assessed before and after weight reduction (5–7 days apart; control group kept weight stable). The weight loss group had 4 h to re-feed and rehydrate after the weigh-in. Food intake was recorded during the weight loss period and recovery after the weigh-in. Performance was evaluated through a specific judo exercise, followed by a 5-min judo combat and by three bouts of the Wingate test. Both groups significantly improved performance after the weight loss period. No interaction effects were observed. The energy and macronutrient intake of the weight loss group were significantly lower than for the control group. The weight loss group consumed large amounts of food and carbohydrate during the 4-h recovery period. No changes were observed in lactate concentration, but a significant decrease in glucose during rest was observed in the weight loss group. In conclusion, rapid weight loss did not affect judo-related performance in experienced weight-cyclers when the athletes had 4 h to recover. These results should not be extrapolated to inexperienced weight-cyclers.
18F-FDG and 18F-FLT Uptake Early After Cyclophosphamide and mTOR Inhibition in an Experimental Lymphoma Model

To be a reliable predictor of response, tracer uptake should reflect changes in the amount of active tumor cells. However, uptake of 18F-FDG, the most commonly used PET tracer, is disturbed by the inflammatory cells that appear early after cytotoxic therapy. The first aim of this study was to investigate whether 3′-18F-fluoro-3′-deoxy-l-thymidine (18F-FLT), a marker of cellular proliferation, is a better tracer for response assessment early after cytotoxic therapy. A second objective of this study was to investigate whether 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT responses were comparable early after mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition, as an example of proliferation-targeting therapies. Methods: Severe combined immunodeficient mice were subcutaneously inoculated with Granta-519 cells, a human cell line derived from a leukemic mantle cell lymphoma. Half the mice were treated with cyclophosphamide and the other half with mTOR inhibition. 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT uptake was evaluated by small-animal PET on day 0 (D0; before treatment), D+1, D+2, D+4, D+7, D+9, D+11, and D+14. At each time point, 2 mice of each treatment condition were sacrificed, and tumors were excised for histopathology. Results: After cyclophosphamide, 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT uptake decreased, with a maximum reduction of −29% for 18F-FDG and −25% for 18F-FLT uptake at D+2, compared with baseline. Although 18F-FDG uptake increased from D+4 on, with a maximum on D+7, 18F-FLT uptake remained virtually stable. Histology showed an increase in apoptotic or necrotic tumor fraction, followed by an influx of inflammatory cells. In mTOR-inhibited mice, 18F-FDG uptake dropped until D+2 after therapy (−43%) but increased at D+4 (−27%) to form a plateau on D+7 and D+9 (−14% and −16%, respectively). Concurrently, 18F-FLT uptake decreased to −31% on D+2, followed by an increase with a peak value of +12% on D+7, after which 18F-FLT uptake decreased again. Cyclin D1 expression dropped from D+1 until D+4 and returned to baseline at D+7. Conclusion: Because 18F-FLT uptake is not significantly influenced by the temporary rise in inflammatory cells early after cyclophosphamide, it more accurately reflects tumor response. However, a formerly unknown temporary rise in 18F-FLT uptake a few days after the administration of mTOR inhibition was defined, which makes it clear that drug-specific responses have to be considered when using PET for early treatment monitoring.
Middle Turbinate Headache Syndrome

The middle turbinate and nasal septum are innervated by the anterior ethmoidal nerve, a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. As reported in the classical work of Wolff (1948), stimulation of these regions causes pain in the medial canthus of the supraorbital region. Periorbital pain due to middle turbinate compression against the septum or the lateral wall of the nose may be due to congestion of the nasal mucosa or to pneumatization of the middle turbinate (concha bullosa). The diagnosis is made by exclusion and requires a high index of suspicion, anterior rhinoscopy, computerized tomography (CT), and confirmation by the lidocaine test. We present five cases of middle turbinate headache syndrome, all with contha bullosa. Four were treated surgically by partial middle turbinectomy and septoplasty more than 1 year ago, with excellent results. One patient refused surgical treatment which was suggested after failure of medical treatment with antihistamines, decongestants, and a topical corticosteroid, and continues to be symptomatic. Despite the small number of cases studied, the authors conclude that the procedure used was effective for the resolution of headache.
Human apolipoprotein E4 accelerates β‐amyloid deposition in APPsw transgenic mouse brain

The human apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) isoform is associated with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. To assess the effects of different ApoE isoforms on amyloid plaque formation, human ApoE3 and ApoE4 were expressed in the brains of transgenic mice under the control of the human transferrin promoter. Mice were crossed with transgenic mice expressing human amyloid precursor protein containing the Swedish mutation (APPsw), which facilitates amyloid β peptide (Aβ) production. The following progeny were selected for characterization: APPsw+/– × ApoE3+/– and APPsw+/–, APPsw+/– × ApoE4+/– and APPsw+/– littermates. All mice analyzed were wild type for the endogenous mouse APP and ApoE genes. Mice expressing ApoE4 in combination with APPsw have accelerated Aβ deposition in the brain as assessed by enzyme immunoassay for Aβ40 and Aβ42 extractable in 70% formic acid, by assessment of amyloid plaque formation using thioflavin‐S staining, and by immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific for Aβ40 or Aβ42 and the 4G8 monoclonal or 162 polyclonal antibody. No difference in the rate of Aβ deposition in the brain was seen in mice expressing ApoE3 in combination with APPsw. Thus, our data are consistent with the observation in Alzheimer's disease that ApoE4 is associated with increased accumulation of Aβ in the brain relative to ApoE3.
Surface enrichment in an isotopic polymer blend.

Forward-recoil spectrometry reveals that the surface of a blend of deuterated polystyrene ($d$-PS) and protonated polystyrene (PS) is enriched with $d$-PS relative to the bulk; the surface excess of $d$-PS increases almost linearly with the bulk volume fraction $\ensuremath{\varphi}$ of $d$-PS at 184\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The results may be interpreted quantitatively with mean-field theory, and yield a form of the bare surface energy of the blend consistent with the surface enrichment being driven by a surface-energy difference between $d$-PS and hydrogenated polystyrene ($h$-PS) of isotopic origin.
On Online Attention-Based Speech Recognition and Joint Mandarin Character-Pinyin Training

In this paper, we explore the use of attention-based models for online speech recognition without the usage of language models or searching. Our model is based on an attention-based neural network which directly emits English/Mandarin characters as outputs. The model jointly learns the pronunciation, acoustic and language model. We evaluate the model for online speech recognition on English and Mandarin. On English, we achieve a 33.0% WER on the WSJ task, or a 5.4% absolute reduction in WER compared to an online CTC based system. We also introduce a new training method and show how we can learn joint Mandarin Character-Pinyin models. Our Mandarin character only model achieves a 72% CER on the GALE Phase 2 evaluation, and with our joint Mandarin Character-Pinyin model, we achieve 59.3% CER or 12.7% absolute improvement over the character only model.
Neighbor-aware multiple access protocol for 5G mMTC applications

In order to support massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) applications in future Fifth Generation (5G) systems, a key technical challenge is to design a highly effective multiple access protocol for massive connection requests and huge traffic load from all kinds of smart devices, e.g. bike, watch, phone, ring, glasses, shoes, etc. To solve this hard problem in distributed scenarios with massive competing devices, this paper proposes and evaluates a Neighbor-Aware Multiple Access (NAMA) protocol, which is scalable and adaptive to different connectivity size and traffic load. By exploiting acknowledgement signals broadcasted from the neighboring devices with successful packet transmissions, NAMA is able to turn itself from a contention-based random access protocol to become a contention-free deterministic access protocol with particular transmission schedules for all neighboring devices after a short transition period. The performance of NAMA is fully evaluated from random state to deterministic state through extensive computer simulations under different network sizes and Contention Window (CW) settings. Compared with traditional IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF), for a crowded network with 50 devices, NAMA can greatly improve system throughput and energy efficiency by more than 110% and 210%, respectively, while reducing average access delay by 53% in the deterministic state.
CD11b+ Myeloid Cells Are the Key Mediators of Th2 Cell Homing into the Airway in Allergic Inflammation1

STAT6-mediated chemokine production in the lung is required for Th2 lymphocyte and eosinophil homing into the airways in allergic pulmonary inflammation, and thus is a potential therapeutic target in asthma. However, the critical cellular source of STAT6-mediated chemokine production has not been defined. In this study, we demonstrate that STAT6 in bone marrow-derived myeloid cells was sufficient for the production of CCL17, CCL22, CCL11, and CCL24 and for Th2 lymphocyte and eosinophil recruitment into the allergic airway. In contrast, STAT6 in airway-lining cells did not mediate chemokine production or support cellular recruitment. Selective depletion of CD11b+ myeloid cells in the lung identified these cells as the critical cellular source for the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22. These data reveal that CD11b+ myeloid cells in the lung help orchestrate the adaptive immune response in asthma, in part, through the production of STAT6-inducible chemokines and the recruitment of Th2 lymphocytes into the airway.
Heavy Brilliant Blue G for Internal Limiting Membrane Staining

Heavy Brilliant Blue G for Internal Limiting Membrane Staining In macular surgery, the intravitreal administration of brilliant blue G became a favorable tool to visualize the internal limiting membrane (ILM) with a high biocompatibility as shown in clinical and experimental trials. Because of its selective staining properties, brilliant blue G is now considered the dye of choice to stain the ILM by many vitreoretinal surgeons. Brilliant blue G is approved for intraocular use and commercially available in a concentration of 0.25% (Fluoron GmbH, Neu Ulm, Germany). As recommended by the manufacturer, the dye should be injected into the fluid-filled globe and be washed out immediately. Using this technique, a good visualization of the ILM can be achieved. However, efforts were made to achieve higher dye concentrations directly on the surface of the ILM and to prevent an uncontrolled distribution of the dye within the vitreous cavity by adding heavy water to the dye solution. We used heavy brilliant blue in a limited series of eight patients with epimacular membranes and macular holes in an uncontrolled prospective setting to assess the staining properties, safety, and intraoperative applicability of this new compound.
Development and validation of the canine visual function instrument

OBJECTIVE In this study, we created the Canine Visual Function Instrument (CVFI) and tested its validity and reliability for assessing the quality of vision of dogs. METHODS We used Cronbach's alpha to test the strength of the consistency of the questions in the instrument and factor analysis to assess whether the questions achieved unidimensionality in the measurement of dogs' vision quality. RESULTS Our analysis shows that the CVFI is a valid and reliable tool to seek self-reported observations about dogs' vision quality from owners. Our results also show that the vision quality scale has high empirical validity and therefore can be used to determine whether a dog has normal vision or moderate or serious visual impairments. CONCLUSION The CVFI might have important practical applications in the field of veterinary ophthalmology in two important ways. First, it can be used to determine whether the treatment of dogs with visual impairment improves vision quality. Second, it can be used as a warning system to alert owners about their dogs' quality of vision.
EigenNet: Towards Fast and Structural Learning of Deep Neural Networks

Deep Neural Network (DNN) is difﬁcult to train and easy to overﬁt in training. We address these two issues by introducing EigenNet, an architecture that not only accelerates training but also adjusts number of hidden neurons to reduce over-ﬁtting. They are achieved by whitening the information ﬂows of DNNs and removing those eigenvectors that may capture noises. The former improves conditioning of the Fisher information matrix, whilst the latter increases generalization capability. These appealing properties of EigenNet can beneﬁt many recent DNN structures, such as network in network and inception, by wrapping their hidden layers into the layers of EigenNet. The modeling capacities of the original networks are preserved. Both the training wall-clock time and number of updates are reduced by using EigenNet, compared to stochastic gradient descent on various datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100.
Outcome of open release for post-traumatic elbow stiffness.

BACKGROUND Post-traumatic elbow stiffness can be caused by a tether and/or a block, and these structures can exist both anteriorly and posteriorly about the joint to prevent motion. The purpose of this article is to report the outcome of elbow release performed for post-traumatic stiffness by a single surgeon. METHODS A retrospective review of charts and radiographs was performed on 52 case of patients who underwent open surgical treatment for post-traumatic elbow contracture by the senior author (RHN). The mean age of the group was 35.1 years. There were 32 men and 20 women. Contracture release surgery was performed at an average of 14 months from the time of injury. Indication for operative release was functional loss of elbow arc of motion that failed nonoperative therapy and splinting program. Follow-up was 18.7 months. Comparison of ranges of motion was performed with Student's paired t tests. RESULTS The average extension-flexion arc of motion improved from 57 to 116 degrees and forearm rotation improved from 119 to 145 degrees postoperatively. Fourteen patients (27%) required closed manipulation under anesthesia, in the early postoperative period. Five patients required a second contracture release at an average of 12 months after the index release. Four patients failed because of painful motion (n = 2) and elbow instability (n = 2). Other complications included wound infection (n = 3), cubital tunnel syndrome (n = 3) and reflex sympathetic dystrophy (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Open elbow release with excision of tethers and blocks is a valuable procedure for post-traumatic stiffness. Recurrence in postoperative period is common but is responsive to manipulation under anesthesia and repeat releases.
Activation and inactivation of excitation‐contraction coupling in rat soleus muscle.

1. Potassium (K+) contractures have been used to characterize the processes of activation and inactivation of excitation‐contraction coupling during prolonged depolarization of fibres in small bundles dissected from rat soleus muscles at 23 degrees C. 2. The smallest measurable K+ contracture tension was recorded with depolarization to ‐40 mV in 30 mM‐K+ and maximum tension was achieved between ‐26 mV in 80 mM‐K+ and ‐19 mV in 120 mM‐K+. 3. The rate of inactivation of K+ contracture tension was voltage dependent. Tension decayed from 80 to 20% of the peak amplitude within 44.0 +/‐ 2.2 s at ‐26 mV (in 80 mM‐K+), compared with 66.7 +/‐ 4.8 s at ‐35 mV (in 40 mM‐K+). Results are given as mean +/‐ 1 S.E. M. 4. The effect of inactivation on maximum tension was determined using a two pulse protocol in which a ‘conditioning’ depolarization in solutions containing 20‐120 mM‐K+ was applied for 0.5‐10 min before a ‘test’ depolarization to ‐8 mV in 200 mM‐K+. The amplitude of the test contracture was compared with the mean amplitude of ‘control’ 200 mM‐K+ contractures elicited in normally polarized fibres immediately before and after the two pulse protocol. Conditioning depolarization to ‐47 mV (in 20 mM‐K+) did not reduce test 200 mM‐K+ contracture tension. Significant inactivation was seen with further conditioning depolarization to more positive potentials: after 10 min at ‐40 mV (in 30 mM‐K+), or ‐35 mV (in 40 mM‐K+), test 200 mM‐K+ contracture tension was reduced by 33 and 70% respectively. 5. In contrast to amphibian muscle, where maximum tension falls to zero within a few minutes of depolarization to potentials positive to ‐50 mV, test 200 mM‐K+ contracture tension in rat soleus fibres fell initially rapidly and then slowly, but was not reduced to zero, even after 10 min at ‐19 mV in 120 mM‐K+. 6. The fast phase of inactivation of test 200 mM‐K+ contracture tension occurred during the decay of the conditioning K+ contracture. The slow phase of inactivation reached completion after 10 min of conditioning depolarization and occurred during the period when conditioning tension was reduced to zero or to a plateau level. Both phases of inactivation in rat soleus fibres are slow compared with fast and slow inactivation times of 5‐100 s respectively reported for amphibian muscle. 7. When repolarized after prolonged depolarization, the muscle fibres were initially refractory, i.e. unable to produce tension in response to electrical stimulation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Ultrafast dynamics of protein collapse from single-molecule photon statistics

We use the statistics of photon emission from single molecules to probe the ultrafast dynamics of an unfolded protein via Förster resonance energy transfer. Global reconfiguration of the chain occurs on a time scale of ≈50 ns and slows down concomitant with chain collapse under folding conditions. These diffusive dynamics provide a missing link between the phenomenological chemical kinetics commonly used in protein folding and a physical description in terms of quantitative free energy surfaces. The experiments demonstrate the potential of single-molecule methods in accessing the biologically important nanosecond time scales even in heterogeneous populations.
A Real-time Pedestrian Detection System in Street Scene

Abstract Pedestrian detection is the key technology in Advanced Driver Assistant System (ADAS). Until recently, pedestrian detection, which is realized as the vehicle equipment, still doesn’t have the mature product. So, this thesis proposes a novel pedestrian detection system on board with the E-HOG (Histogram of Gradient) IP (intellectual property), can be used as the real time vehicle equipment. Three contributions are made in this thesis. Firstly, Sobel operator cascaded Uniform Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and E-HOG is the novel structure of pedestrian detection system. The Sobel operator gives the sliding step of Uniform LBP detection window, without using the results of LBP detection window. Through this operation, the detection speed will be improved. Second, the vehicle equipment of pedestrian detection is self-developed using FPGA as core devices. Third, E-HOG IP, which is promoted based on the HOG, can extract pedestrian or other objects feature. Without sacrifice of accuracy, this pedestrian detection on board deals with 30 fps (640x480 pixels) and can be used as the real-time detection system.
Measurement-based dynamic load models: derivation, comparison, and validation

Accurate load modeling is essential for power system dynamic simulation. In this paper, four dynamic load models are identified based on multiple online measurement data from the Taiwan Power System. The performances in modeling real and reactive power behaviors by dynamic and selected static load models are evaluated. Parameter variation with respect to different loading conditions is analyzed. A simple and efficient method is presented to estimate a representative parameter set for different loading conditions. The cross-validation technique is applied to validate the four dynamic load models in order to obtain a better estimate of their performance. Numerical studies indicate that linear dynamic load models studied in this paper give better results than two nonlinear dynamic load models in modeling reactive power behaviors during disturbance while they are comparable in modeling real power behaviors