Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best-Case Kappa Scores Calculated Retrospectively From EEG Report Databases

Purpose: The most popular metric for interrater reliability in electroencephalography is the kappa (&kgr;) score. &kgr; calculation is laborious, requiring EEG readers to read the same EEG studies. We introduce a method to determine the best-case &kgr; score (&kgr;BEST) for measuring interrater reliability between EEG readers, retrospectively. Methods: We incorporated 1 year of EEG reports read by four adult EEG readers at our institution. We used SQL queries to determine EEG findings for subsequent analysis. We generated logistic regression models for particular EEG findings, dependent on patient age, location acuity, and EEG reader. We derived a novel measure, the &kgr;BEST statistic, from the logistic regression coefficients. Results: Increasing patient age and location acuity were associated with decreased sleep and increased diffuse abnormalities. For certain findings, EEG readers exhibited the dominant influence, manifesting directly as lower between-reader &kgr;BEST scores for certain EEG findings. Within-reader &kgr;BEST control scores were higher than between-reader scores, suggesting internal consistency. Conclusions: The &kgr;BEST metric can measure significant interrater reliability differences between any number of EEG readers and reports, retrospectively, and is generalizable to other domains (e.g., pathology or radiology reporting). We suggest using this metric as a guide or starting point for focused quality control efforts.
Component separation methods for the PLANCK mission

Context. The PLANCK satellite will map the full sky at nine frequencies from 30 to 857 GHz. The CMB intensity and polarization that are its prime targets are contaminated by foreground emission. Aims. The goal of this paper is to compare proposed methods for separating CMB from foregrounds based on their different spectral and spatial characteristics, and to separate the foregrounds into “components” with different physical origins (Galactic synchrotron, free-free and dust emissions; extra-galactic and far-IR point sources; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, etc.) Methods. A component separation challenge has been organised, based on a set of realistically complex simulations of sky emission. Several methods including those based on internal template subtraction, maximum entropy method, parametric method, spatial and harmonic cross correlation methods, and independent component analysis have been tested. Results. Different methods proved to be effective in cleaning the CMB maps of foreground contamination, in reconstructing maps of diffuse Galactic emissions, and in detecting point sources and thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich signals. The power spectrum of the residuals is, on the largest scales, four orders of magnitude lower than the input Galaxy power spectrum at the foreground minimum. The CMB power spectrum was accurately recovered up to the sixth acoustic peak. The point source detection limit reaches 100 mJy, and about 2300 clusters are detected via the thermal SZ effect on two thirds of the sky. We have found that no single method performs best for all scientific objectives. Conclusions. We foresee that the final component separation pipeline for PLANCK will involve a combination of methods and iterations between processing steps targeted at different objectives such as diffuse component separation, spectral estimation, and compact source extraction.
Die Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS)

Zusammenfassung Die Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) wurde entwickelt, um spezifische schlafassoziierte Symptome semiquantitativ erfassen zu können. Anhand von 15 Fragen beurteilen Patienten ihre Schlafstörungen auf einer visuellen Analogskala. Die Quantifizierung erfolgt durch Angabe der Distanz zwischen einem Wert von 0 (schwere Symptomatik) und 10 (Symptomfreiheit), wobei maximal 150 Punkte (= keine Schlafstörung) erreicht werden können. Die Evaluierung an 143 Parkinson-Patienten im Vergleich mit 137 altersentsprechenden Kontrollpersonen wies signifikante Unterschiede sowohl im PDSS-Summenscore (p < 0,0001) als auch bei 13 der 15 Items (p < 0,01) zwischen beiden Gruppen nach. Im Mittel lag der Score jedes Items bei Patienten um 1,5 Punkte niedriger im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen. Signifikante Unterschiede der Scores zwischen frühen und fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungsstadien sprechen für eine Zunahme der Schlafstörungen mit fortschreitender Erkrankung. Die Test-Retest-Reliabilität der PDSS ist hoch. Die PDSS erlaubt es, spezifische nächtliche Symptome zu erkennen und zielgerichtet und individuell zu therapieren. Dies belegen unter anderem die Daten einer Langzeitbeobachtung an 131 Patienten, bei der sich die subjektiven schlafassoziierten Beschwerden bei Umstellung von Standard-L-Dopa auf eine retardierte Formulierung deutlich besserten.
Filtering spam from bad neighborhoods

One of the most annoying problems on the Internet is spam. To fight spam, many approaches have been proposed over the years. Most of these approaches involve scanning the entire contents of e‐mail messages in an attempt to detect suspicious keywords and patterns. Although such approaches are relatively effective, they also show some disadvantages. Therefore an interesting question is whether it would be possible to effectively detect spam without analyzing the entire contents of e‐mail messages. The contribution of this paper is to present an alternative spam detection approach, which relies solely on analyzing the origin (IP address) of e‐mail messages, as well as possible links within the e‐mail messages to websites (URIs). Compared to analyzing suspicious keywords and patterns, detection and analysis of URIs is relatively simple. The IP addresses and URIs are compared to various kinds of blacklists; a hit increases the probability of the message being spam. Although the idea of using blacklists is well known, the novel idea proposed within this paper is to introduce the concept of ‘bad neighborhoods’. To validate our approach, a prototype has been developed and tested on our university's mail server. The outcome was compared to SpamAssassin and mail server log files. The result of that comparison was that our prototype showed remarkably good detection capabilities (comparable to SpamAssassin), but puts only a small load on the mail server. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the effect of a thin shorting post in an arbitrary position along the outer radiating edge of a rectangular patch antenna

An extended transmission-line model is proposed for a shorted rectangular patch antenna. The transmission-line model represents the effect of a thin shorting post placed at an arbitrary position along the outer radiating edge of the patch antenna. A comparative study has been conducted with a 3D full-wave solver. An example patch antenna having a resonance frequency of 2280 MHz without any shorting post, can be re-tuned between 2375 MHz and 2511 MHz by varying the location of the shorting post. A special case with the post at one of the outer vertices is also considered. Maximum deviation between results obtained from the extended transmission-line model and the full-wave solver is 0.74% for the example patch antenna.
Perceived Self-Determination of Youth with Emotional and Behavior Disorders

In this pilot study, the authors investigated the perceptions of the self-determination of youth with emotional and behavior disorders from a community high school, separate educational facility, and residential facility. The perceptions of students, parents or caregivers, and teachers were compared across and within these settings. The authors found that (a) students consistently rated themselves in the moderate range, (b) students from the residential facility rated themselves the highest, (c) parents or caregivers and teachers rated students from the community high school higher than students from the other two settings, (d) all groups rated students from the separate educational facility the lowest, and (e) teachers across all three settings perceived the students' levels of self-determination to be higher than did parents or caregivers.
Towards identifying collaborative learning groups using social media: How Social Media can contribute to spountaniously initiated collaborative learning

This work reports about the preliminary results and ongoing research based upon profiling collaborative learning groups of persons within the social micro-blogging platforms like Twitter1 that share potentially common interests on special topic. Hereby the focus is held on spontaneously initiated collaborative learning in Social Media and detection of collaborative learning groups based upon their communication dynamics. Research questions targeted to be answered are: are there any useful data mining algorithms to fulfill the task of pre-selection and clustering of users in social networks, how good do they perform, and what are the metrics that could be used for detection and evaluation in the realm of this task. Basic approach presented here uses as preamble hypothesis that users and their interests in Social Networks can be identified through content generated by them and content they consume. Special focus is held on topic oriented approach as least common bounding point. Those should be also the basic criteria used to detect and outline the learning groups. The aim of this work is to deliver first scientific pre-work for successfully implementation of recommender systems using social network metrics and content features of social network users for the purposes of better learning group communication and information consumption.
A Comparison of Joint ICA and Parallel ICA Multimodal Fusion Methods in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is still considered unknown disease that needs more study and analysis. In this case Multimodal fusion is a good way to make analysis on the joint information found on the different imaging modalities related to this disease. This paper discusses Schizophrenia analysis using two approaches of the common Brian Imaging multimodal fusion approaches (Joint ICA and Parallel ICA). The aim of this study is to investigate these two approaches for more understanding showing their strengths, limitations, and analysis strategies. General Terms Medical image fusion
Slew rate induced distortion in switched-resistor integrators

Opamp-RC integrators built with linear resistors and capacitors can achieve very high linearity. By means of a switched resistor, tuning of the RC time-constant is possible via the duty-cycle of the clock controlling the switched resistor. This paper analyzes the effect of opamp slew rate limitations on the distortion of a switched-resistor lossy opamp-RC integrator. We show via analysis and simulations that the use of two sets of switched resistors instead of one relaxes the opamp slew rate requirements, and reduces the resulting distortion significantly
Human Proteinpedia as a Resource for Clinical Proteomics*

Clinical proteomics is an emerging field that deals with the use of proteomic technologies for medical applications. With a major objective of identifying proteins involved in pathological processes and as potential biomarkers, this field is already gaining momentum. Consequently, clinical proteomics data are being generated at a rapid pace, although mechanisms of sharing such data with the biomedical community lag far behind. Most of these data are either provided as supplementary information through journal web sites or directly made available by the authors through their own web resources. Integration of these data within a single resource that displays information in the context of individual proteins is likely to enhance the use of proteomic data in biomedical research. Human Proteinpedia is one such portal that unifies human proteomic data under a single banner. The goal of this resource is to ultimately capture and integrate all proteomic data obtained from individual studies on normal and diseased tissues. We anticipate that harnessing of these data will help prioritize experiments related to protein targets and also permit meta-analysis to uncover molecular signatures of disease. Finally, we encourage all biomedical investigators to maximize dissemination of their valuable proteomic data to rest of the community by active participation in existing repositories such as Human Proteinpedia.
Culture, gender, and the bipolarity of momentary affect

This study examined if the relation between momentary positive and negative affect varies with culture and gender. In eight samples covering five languages (English, Spanish, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) with 3084 respondents (1305 males and 1779 females), I tested this proposal through structural equation models that controlled for random and systematic errors of measurement. In all eight samples, female respondents yielded a more negative correlation between positive and negative affect than did male respondents, but the differences were tiny and only two were statistically significant. In a multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation was found to be substantial and negative in all five languages (φ ranging from −.80 to −.91). All values from the total samples and from males and females separately were consistent with the bipolarity of positive and negative affect.
Adaptive Cancellation of Nonlinear Intersymbol Interference for Voiceband Data Transmission

Two related cancellation techniques based on "tentative" decisions are proposed for removing intersymbol interference, due to channel nonlinearities, for voiceband data transmission. Cancellation of intersymbol interference avoids the need for equalizing or "inverting" analog nonlinear operations as in the decision-feedback method previously proposed by Falconer. The nonlinear cancellation approach removes nonlinear interference terms without excessive noise enhancement and allows effective implementation with ROM's to generate the needed nonlinear signal variables that are to be weighted and summed. The first technique can be incorporated as an "add-on" unit to a present-day modem; the second technique requires a different receiver architecture but offers somewhat enhanced improvement. Simulation results for 9.6 kbit/s data transmission over nonlinear channel models show that both techniques can offer substantial performance improvements for 16-point QAM systems.
Input / output delay approach to robust sampled-data H ∞ control

Sampled-data output-feedback H∞ control of linear systems is considered. The only restriction on the sampling and hold is that the distances between the sequel sampling times and holding times are not greater than given bounds.A new approach, which was recently introduced to sampled-data state-feedback stabilization, is developed to the H∞ control. The system is modelled as a continuous-time one, where the control input and the measurement output have piecewise-continuous delays. Sufficient linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) conditions for H∞ control of such systems are derived via Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals and descriptor approach to time-delay systems. For the first time the new approach allows to develop different robust control methods for the case of sampled-data H∞ control. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A New Modeling Approach for Utility-Based Resource Allocation in OFDM Networks

A new modeling approach is proposed for utility- based resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) networks with heterogeneous traffic. The spectrum and power of a base station (BS) are allocated to users, in a point to multi-point manner, to maximize the users' aggregate utility. We first model the problem of assigning sub-carriers to the users and the power allocation to the sub-carriers as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The MINLP problem is maximizing a non-concave objective function over a non-convex feasible region that includes some integer variables. We then eliminate integer variables and propose a continuous nonlinear programming (NLP) model for the problem. The obtained model is suitable for heuristic and search algorithms. Genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to obtain the near optimal solution of the NLP model. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the convergence of the GA and utilization performance of the network.
Demonstration of integrated micro-electro-mechanical switch circuits for VLSI applications

Due to transistor leakage, CMOS circuits have a well-defined lower limit on their achievable energy efficiency [1]. Once this limit is reached, power-constrained applications will face a cap on their maximum throughput independent of their level of parallelism. Avoiding this roadblock requires an alternate switching device with steeper sub-threshold slope—i.e., lower VDD/Ion for the same Ion/Ioff [2]. One promising class of such devices with nearly ideal Ion/Ioff characteristics are electro-statically actuated micro-electro-mechanical (MEM) switches [6]. Although mechanical movement makes MEM circuit delay significantly larger than that of CMOS, we have recently shown that with optimized circuit topologies MEM switches may potentially enable ∼10x lower energy over CMOS at up to ∼100MHz frequencies [3].
Application of New Cholesterol Guidelines to the Korean Adult Diabetic Patients

The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) 2013 joint guidelines for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia expand the indications for statin therapy. This study was performed to estimate the numbers of diabetic patients indicated for statin therapy according to the Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATP-III) of the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines and the new ACC/AHA guidelines in Korea. We analyzed the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012. Patients with diabetes over 30 yr of age were analyzed by the two guidelines. Of the total 1,975 diabetic patients, only 377 (19.1%) were receiving drugs for dyslipidemia. Among 1,598 patients who had not taken any medications for dyslipidemia, 65.6% would be indicated for statin therapy according to the ATP-III guidelines. When we apply the new guidelines, 94.3% would be eligible for statin therapy. Among the total diabetic patients, the new guidelines, compared with the ATP-III guidelines, increase the number eligible for statin therapy from 53.1% to 76.2%. The new guidelines would increase the indication for statin therapy for most diabetic patients. At present, many diabetic patients do not receive appropriate statin therapy. Therefore efforts should be made to develop the Korean guidelines and to ensure that more diabetic patients receive appropriate statin therapy.
Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar

The radar sensor described realizes healthcare monitoring capable of detecting subject chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities and wirelessly estimating the respiration and heartbeat rates of the subject without attaching any devices to the body. Conventional single-tone Doppler radar can only capture Doppler signatures because of a lack of bandwidth information with noncontact sensors. In contrast, we take full advantage of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to achieve low power consumption and convenient portability, with a flexible detection range and desirable accuracy. A noise reduction method based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a vital sign separation method based on the continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are proposed jointly to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to acquire accurate respiration and heartbeat rates. Experimental results illustrate that respiration and heartbeat signals can be extracted accurately under different conditions. This noncontact healthcare sensor system proves the commercial feasibility and considerable accessibility of using compact IR-UWB radar for emerging biomedical applications.
A scrapie epidemic in Cyprus

Scrapie is endemic in the sheep flocks of many countries, but good epidemiological information on this disease is scarce. Data on the initial stages of an epidemic are even more rare. We describe the ongoing epidemic of scrapie in Cyprus that has been tracked since it began in the mid-1980s. The early stages of the spread of scrapie from farm to farm, between 1985 and 2000, is analysed with a simple mathematical model. The flock-to-flock basic reproductive number (R0) for the spread of scrapie was estimated at between 1·4 and 1·8. The impact of interventions on the control of the epidemic are discussed from an epidemiological and economic point of view. Early identification of scrapie cases on farms can have a large impact on the number of farms affected. The long period before detection of disease in a flock means that policies based on whole-flock slaughter can be inefficient in preventing spread. Under a range of scenarios, a concentration of resources on early detection and quarantine may be more effective in terms of both the costs and control of the epidemic.
Fusion of fingerprint and heartbeat biometrics using fuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm

The fusion of fingerprint and heartbeat is a promising multimodal biometric method especially for remote authentication using mobile computing devices. We propose the use of fuzzy adaptive genetic algorithm for the improvement of authentication performance of this multimodal biometrics. This method computes the optimal weights required for the fusion of matching scores from two modalities. This method is tested by a large database of multimodal biometrics composed of fingerprint and heartbeat signal captured from fingers. The proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of authentication performances such as equal error rate (EER) and area under the ROC curve (AUR).
Long-term prognostic value of admission haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Introduction Many studies have reported the diagnostic and prognostic value of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, the short- and long-term prognostic value of HbA1c level in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is controversial. Aim To investigate whether admission HbA1c level has a prognostic value for in-hospital, short-, and long-term cardiovascular (CV) mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. Material and methods This prospective study included 443 consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI between September 2010 and July 2012. The patients were divided into three groups based on admission HbA1c levels: group I (HbA1c ≤ 5.6%), group II (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%), and group III (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). The in-hospital, 1-month, and 1-year CV events of all 3 patient groups were followed up. Results A significant association was found between HbA1c level and 1-year primary clinical outcomes, including CV mortality, non-fatal reinfarction, and stroke (p = 0.037). In addition, age, Killip class > 1, and left ventricular ejection fraction were found to be independent predictors of long-term CV mortality in multivariate analysis (hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) 1.081 (1.020–1.146), 4.182 (1.171–14.935), and 0.832 (0.752–0.920); p = 0.009, p = 0.028, and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated that increased admission HbA1c levels were associated with higher rates of major adverse CV events, including mortality, non-fatal reinfarction, and stroke, in patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI.