Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative decoding of multiple descriptions

This paper considers the transmission of multiple descriptions over noisy channels rather than the on-off channels that are traditionally considered. We introduce the use of iterative decoding techniques similar to those used in "turbo" decoding to decode multiple correlated descriptions transmitted over a noisy channel. For a given transmission rate per channel and a given channel state, the efficacy of iterative decoding depends on the correlatedness of the two descriptions produced by the multiple description encoder. We demonstrate that there is an optimal amount of redundancy or correlation for a given channel state. Hence, multiple description codes may also be viewed as joint source-channel codes.
Low-cost HMD and EEG: using visual stimulation by the Oculus Rift® to detect stronger ERDs induced by motion imagery

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide visual stimuli for EEG studies that can be altered in real time and can produce effects that are difficult or impossible to reproduce in a non-virtual experimental platform. As part of this experiment the Oculus Rift, a commercial-grade, low-cost, Head Mounted Display (HMD) was assessed as a visual stimuli platform for experiments recording EEG. Following, the device was used to investigate the effect of congruent visual stimuli on Event Related Desynchronisation (ERD) due to motion imagery.
Dynamic multiscale visualization of flight data

We present a novel set of techniques for visualization of very large data sets encoding flight information obtained from Air Traffic Control. The aims of our visualization are to provide a smooth way to explore the available information and find outlier spatio-temporal patterns by navigating between fine-scale, detail, views on the data and coarse overviews of large areas and long time periods. To achieve this, we extend and adapt several image-based visualization techniques, including animation, density maps, and bundled graphs. In contrast to previous methods, we are able to visualize significantly more information on a single screen, with limited clutter, and also create real-time animations of the data. For computational scalability, we implement our method using GPU-accelerated techniques. We demonstrate our results on several real-world data sets ranging from hours over a country to one month over the entire world.
Cardiorespiratory and Cardiac Autonomic Responses to 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in Team Sport Players

Buchheit, M, Al Haddad, H, Millet GP, Lepretre, PM, Newton, M, and Ahmaidi, S. Cardiorespiratory and cardiac autonomic responses to 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test in team sport players. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 93-100, 2009-The 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (30-15IFT) is an attractive alternative to classic continuous incremental field tests for defining a reference velocity for interval training prescription in team sport athletes. The aim of the present study was to compare cardiorespiratory and autonomic responses to 30-15IFT with those observed during a standard continuous test (CT). In 20 team sport players (20.9 ± 2.2 years), cardiopulmonary parameters were measured during exercise and for 10 minutes after both tests. Final running velocity, peak lactate ([La]peak), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured. Parasympathetic function was assessed during the postexercise recovery phase via heart rate (HR) recovery time constant (HRRτ) and HR variability (HRV) vagal-related indices. At exhaustion, no difference was observed in peak oxygen uptake (&OV0312;o2peak), respiratory exchange ratio, HR, or RPE between 30-15IFT and CT. In contrast, 30-15IFT led to significantly higher minute ventilation, [La]peak, and final velocity than CT (p < 0.05 for all parameters). All maximal cardiorespiratory variables observed during both tests were moderately to well correlated (e.g., r = 0.76, p = 0.001 for &OV0312;o2peak). Regarding ventilatory thresholds (VThs), all cardiorespiratory measurements were similar and well correlated between the 2 tests. Parasympathetic function was lower after 30-15IFT than after CT, as indicated by significantly longer HHRτ (81.9 ± 18.2 vs. 60.5 ± 19.5 for 30-15IFT and CT, respectively, p < 0.001) and lower HRV vagal-related indices (i.e., the root mean square of successive R-R intervals differences [rMSSD]: 4.1 ± 2.4 and 7.0 ± 4.9 milliseconds, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the 30-15IFT is accurate for assessing VThs and &OV0312;o2peak, but it alters postexercise parasympathetic function more than a continuous incremental protocol.
Absorption and Oxidation of Glucose Polymers of Different Lengths in Young Infants

ABSTRACT. Because mucosal glucoamylase is most active against glucose polymers less than 10 glucose units in length, longer chain polymers may not be completely absorbed by young infants. In order to investigate this possibility, the absorption and oxidation of I3C-rich glucose, short-chain (3 to 8 glucose units in length) and long-chain (average length 43 units) glucose polymers (GP) were compared in 12 healthy, 1-month-old infants. Recovery of the GP and glucose in stool was measured by determining the I3C enrichment of stool. The oxidation of the GP was measured by tracing the increase in breath 13CO2 after GP were fed. Carbohydrate malabsorbed in the small bowel was assessed by measurement of breath H2, a gas formed from the fermentation of carbohydrate in the colon. Analysis of the infants' stools revealed that one infant excreted 9.7% of the dose of glucose, another 6.7% of the dose of short-chain GP, and five infants excreted 2.6 to 18.5% (mean 8.4%) of the dose of long-chain GP. The percent of the administered dose recovered in breath was similar among substrates (mean=28.7% of the dose fed). A rise in breath H2 greater than 20 ppm was found in four of the 12 infants after the feeding of glucose, in five of 12 after the short-chain GP, and in six of 12 after the long-chain GP. None of the infants developed diarrhea. The results suggest that healthy young infants do not absorb long-chain GP as completely as they absorb short-chain GP. In the absence of pancreatic amylase, salivary amylase and mucosal glucoamylase are sufficient in some young infants to allow for complete digestion of long-chain GP.
Understanding the KDE Social Structure through Mining of Email Archive

In order to achieve a better understanding of FLOSS social structure, we need a definition of social position. From a theoretical perspective, we propose to think the participation as a trajectory. Empirically, we use optimal matching to build a typology of participation trajectories based on KDE email archives. We show how these trajectories structure the community as a whole by combining these results with a social network analysis.
ML0405 and ML2331 Are Antigens of Mycobacterium leprae with Potential for Diagnosis of Leprosy

ABSTRACT Despite the success of multidrug therapy in reducing the number of registered leprosy cases worldwide, evidence suggests that Mycobacterium leprae continues to be transmitted. A serological diagnostic test capable of identifying and allowing treatment of early-stage disease could reduce transmission and prevent the onset of the disability, a common complication of the disease in later stages. Serological diagnosis based on antibody recognition of phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) cannot reliably identify individuals with lower bacterial indices (BI). One strategy that might improve this situation is the provision of highly specific serological antigens that may be combined with PGL-I to improve the sensitivity of diagnosis. Using serological expression cloning with a serum pool of untreated lepromatous leprosy (LL) patients, we identified 14 strongly reactive M. leprae proteins, 5 of which were previously unstudied. We present results suggesting that two of these proteins, ML0405 and ML2331, demonstrate the ability to specifically identify LL/borderline lepromatous (BL) patients on the basis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactivity. In a household contact study, LL index cases were identified on the basis of this reactivity, while household contacts of these patients demonstrated undetectable reactivity. At a serum dilution of 1:800, suitable to reduce background PGL-I IgM reactivity, two BL patients with a BI of <4 showed anti-human polyvalent immunoglobulin G, A, and M reactivity measured with a combination of ML0405, ML2331, and natural disaccharide O-linked human serum albumin (NDOHSA) (synthetic PGL-I) that was markedly higher than IgM reactivity to NDOHSA alone. We suggest that ML0405 and ML2331 may have utility in serological leprosy diagnosis.
Band-edge lasers from 2D photonic crystal slabs patterned by self-assembled nanosphere lithography

We demonstrate photonic crystal band-edge laser from a 2D photonic crystal slab of triangular-lattice type, which is patterned by self-assembled colloidal nanosphere lithography. Under pulsed 980-nm optical pumping scheme, a clear laser emission around 1.5 μm was observed. It is expected that this result can provide a new versatile tool for photonic crystal research and a building block for many other photonic materials.
Incremental recognition in gesture-based and syntax-directed diagram editors

Diagram editing is an attractive application of gestural interfaces and pen-based computers which promise a new input paradigm where users communicate with computers in diagram languages by using gestures. A key problem in building gesture-based diagram editors is the recognition of handsketched diagrams. Existing approaches concentrate either on gesture recognition or on parsing visual languages, there has been a lack of integrated recognition concepts. This paper presents novel concepts and techniques based on an incremental paradigm of gesture recognition and a cooperative communication between modules for pattern recognition and for diagram parsing. These concepts and techniques have been used successfully to build several experimental gesture-based and syntax-directed diagram editors.
Exhibition of Specific Alterations in Activities and mRNA Levels of Rat Islet Glycolytic and Mitochondrial Enzymes in Three Different in Vitro Model Systems for Attenuated Insulin Release

We studied the possible relationships between the functional status of the β-cell and activities or mRNA contents of enzymes involved in the catabolism of glucose. Three different in vitro models with attenuated insulin response were used: rat islets cultured at a low glucose concentration, rat islets incubated in vitro with streptozocin, and fetal rat islets. The fetal and streptozocin-administered islets were compared with adult islets cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 11 mM glucose, and the effects of the in vitro glucose concentrations (3.3, 11, and 28 mM) were assessed on adult islets only. Cellular mRNA levels for the mitochondrial DNA-encoded cytochrome b and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were determined by Northern-blot analysis. Enzymatic activities of high-Km (glucokinase) and low-Km (hexokinase) glucose-phosphorylating enzymes and succinate–cytochrome c reductase were also determined. Islets cultured at 3.3 mM glucose displayed a decreased activity of glucokinase compared with islets cultured at 28 mM glucose (23.3 ± 12%), whereas there was no difference in hexokinase activity or the level of GAPDH mRNA. The activity of succinate–cytochrome c reductase was similar in islets cultured at the different glucose concentrations. The level of cytochrome b mRNA increased at 28 mM glucose compared with islets cultured at 11 mM glucose (140 ± 14%). Islets incubated with streptozocin and subsequently cultured for 7 days at 11 mM glucose exhibited a decreased level of cytochrome b mRNA (65 ± 5%) and no differences in the activities of glucokinase, hexokinase, succinate–cytochrome c reductase, or the level of GAPDH mRNA. Fetal islets displayed increased activity of hexokinase (570 ± 130%) and succinate–cytochrome c reductase (185 ± 42%) and a decreased level of cytochrome b mRNA (62 ± 11%) in comparison with adult islets cultured at similar conditions. No differences of glucokinase activity or the level of GAPDH mRNA were detected in these islets. The results suggest that the degree of expression of certain genes coding for enzymes in the oxidative metabolism of glucose may influence the ability of the α-cell to synthesize and secrete insulin.
Management of severe Class II malocclusion with fixed functional appliance: Forsus.

BACKGROUND Management of class II malocclusion in adolescent patients by growth modulation is one of the most debated topics in orthodontics. Noncompliance has been a major concern for orthodontists. CASE REPORT This case report describes the management of severe class II malocclusion in adolescent patient using functional appliance system-Forsus to correct class II problems, which is clipped on to bands. This appliance has several advantages, as the patient cannot remove it. It acts on the teeth and jaws for 24 hours each day, patient cooperation is not a problem, and as a result the treatment time is short. There is lot of controversy about the use of functional appliances. CONCLUSION This case report illustrates that even today, functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion by using growth modulation. The growth modulation minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Functional appliances have a significant role in the management of class II malocclusion. The growth modulation minimizes the necessity of extraction of permanent teeth and probably orthognathic surgery.
Using Personal Information for Targeted Attacks in Grammar based Probabilistic Password Cracking

Passwords continue to be the primary means of authentication and security for online accounts and use in encrypting files and disks. The goal of this paper is to show how knowledge of personal information about a user can systematically be added to improve a password cracking task. In this paper we focus on the dictionary-based probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) approach to password cracking that trains on revealed password sets and then uses the learned grammar to generate guesses in optimal probability order. We show that we can effectively incorporate personal information about a target into the PCFG password cracking system in a very straight forward manner to assist in a targeted attack. We first develop a mathematical model of merging multiple grammars that combines the characteristics of the component grammars. Then we show how various component grammars and dictionaries can be derived using personal information about the target. The component grammars model various types of personal information such as family names and dates, previous password information, and possible information about sequential passwords known. The resulting merged target grammar (also merged with a standard grammar) and various target dictionaries generates guesses that more quickly match the target’s password when personal information is used. Our results show that the password cracking is significantly improved using our approach. Furthermore, our software system is a separate module that can directly be used with the PCFG system since it does not modify the original code.
Autoestima como variable psicosocial predictora de la actividad física en personas mayores

El proposito del presente estudio es investigar acerca de la relacion existente entre la Autoestima manifestada por personas mayores de 65 anos y la realizacion de actividad fisica. El autoconcepto y la Autoestima aparecen como componentes psicologicos fundamentales de la calidad de vida durante la adultez mayor y del bienestar personal. La Autoestima ha sido propuesta como un area de intervencion para mejorar la calidad de vida en la poblacion mayor. La muestra la componen 184 personas mayores, de las que 92 realizan actividad fisica frecuentemente y otras 92 desarrollan un estilo de vida sedentario. Se aplico el Cuestionario de Autoestima Personal de Rosenberg. Los resultados muestran diferentes niveles de Autoestima entre los mayores que realizan actividad fisica y los que no, siendo significativamente mas alta en los primeros. Estudios con objetivos similares demuestran y apoyan la comprobacion de la hipotesis de partida que establece la relacion positiva entre la Autoestima y la realizacion de actividad fisica.
Acne detergicans.

Popular brands of soaps and shampoos were assayed for comedogenicity in the rabbit ear. Only a small number produced hyperkeratosis when applied at a 25% concentration. Bacteriostatic substances, especially hexachlorophene, were mildly comedogenic. Conventional soaps include salts of fatty acids; the latter are known comedogens. The obsessive use of soaps by patients with acne vulgaris may aggravate the disease and result in its extension to unusual locations.
Self-similar communication models and very heavy tails

Several studies of ﬁle sizes either being downloaded or stored in the World Wide Web have commented that tails can be so heavy that not only are variances inﬁnite, but so are means. Motivated by this fact, we study the inﬁnite node Poisson model under the assumption that transmission times are heavy tailed with inﬁnite mean. The model is unstable but we are able to provide growth rates. Self-similar but nonstationary Gaussian process approximations are provided for the number of active sources, cumulative input, buffer content and time to buffer overﬂow.
Respite Care, Stress, Uplifts, and Depression in Single Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Respite Care, Stress, Uplifts, and Depression in Single Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Ruthann Christensen Department of Counseling Psychology and Special Education, BYU Educational Specialist in School Psychology Single mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are likely to experience high levels of stress and be at risk for depression. However, respite care can reduce parenting stress and lower psychological distress in parents of children with disabilities. This study focused on single mothers of children with ASD and their reports of stress relative to respite care received. One hundred and twenty-two single mothers completed the Respite Care Instrument, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Hassles and Uplifts Scale, and Caregiver Burden Instrument. Results were mixed. Respite care was positively related to daily uplifts, but not significantly related to depression or stress. Uplifts mediated the relationship between respite care and depression, but stress did not mediate the relationship between respite care and depression, indicating uplifts were a process through which respite care had an indirect effect on depression. More than half (59.8%; n = 73) of mothers accessed respite care, most (41.0%; n = 30) being provided by a combination of sources: grandparents, extended family member, babysitter, community agency, or other. Seventy-seven percent of mothers (n = 94) were at risk for clinical depression. Findings provide evidence that single mothers of children with ASD are likely to experience depressive symptoms, access multiple sources of respite care, and be less likely to report depressive symptoms when they (a) receive respite care, and (b) report high amounts of daily uplifts. Therefore, it is important respite care be accessible and provided to single mothers of children with ASD. Recommendations for policy makers, school personnel, and research are offered.
Quasi Framework: A New Student Disengagement Detection In Online Learning

Educational Data Mining (EDM) has emerged as independent research area in recent years. Moreover student learning environment also rapidly move towards online. Compare to traditional teaching method, online tutoring will attracts younger generations. However student engagement is an important aspect of effective learning. Most of the students performed well in their academic performance and spent more time with internet too. Thus measuring disengagement is likely to help poor performance students. In this paper we propose a new framework called Quasi Framework, which is trying to measure the significant relationship between disengagement level and their academic
Constraint-driven Evaluation in UIMA Ruta

This paper presents an extension of the UIMA Ruta Workbench for estimating the quality of arbitrary information extraction models on unseen documents. The user can specify expectations on the domain in the form of constraints, which are applied in order to predict the F1 score or the ranking. The applicability of the tool is illustrated in a case study for the segmentation of references, which also examines the robustness for different models and documents.
Evaluating the effects of historic bottleneck events: an assessment of microsatellite variability in the endangered, North Atlantic right whale

Commercial exploitation reduced the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) population from c. 12 000 in the 11th century to around 300 by the 21st century. We examine the effect of this population decline on levels of genetic variation at 16 microsatellite loci and contrast levels of variability to that in a closely related species (E. australis). Of the 13 loci developed from the E. glacialis genome, 100% were polymorphic in E. australis. In contrast, nine loci were polymorphic in E. glacialis and four were fixed. Both allelic diversity (A) and heterozygosity (H) were significantly lower in E. glacialis than E. australis (A = 3.2 ± 2.6 vs. A= 6.9 ± 3.3, P < 0.001; H= 0.31 ± 0.25 vs. H= 0.72 ± 0.23, P < 0.001, respectively). Bottleneck anlayses indicate that the population is in mutation‐drift equilibrium and that a genetic bottleneck did not occur during the most recent decline (18th–20th centuries). Nevertheless, low frequency alleles are relatively uncommon in E. glacialis, suggesting that genetic variability has been reduced in this population. Possible origins of low genetic variability are discussed, including the slow but continual erosion of alleles during the 800‐year period of decline.
Distearoyl Anchor‐Painted Erythrocytes with Prolonged Ligand Retention and Circulation Properties In Vivo

Red blood cells (RBCs) attract significant interest as carriers of biomolecules, drugs, and nanoparticles. In this regard, versatile technologies to attach molecules and ligands to the RBC surface are of great importance. Reported here is a fast and efficient surface painting strategy to attach ligands to the surface of RBCs, and the factors that control the stability and circulation properties of the modified RBCs in vivo. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine anchor‐conjugated immunoglobulin (IgG) efficiently incorporates in the RBC membrane following 15–30 min incubation. The optimized RBCs show prolonged circulation in vivo (70% of the injected dose after 48 h) and efficient retention of IgG in the membrane with terminal half‐life of 73 h. The IgG construct is gradually lost from the RBCs mainly due to the transfer to plasma components, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The ligand retention efficiency is partially dictated by ligand type, anchor type, and ligand concentration in the membrane, while RBC half‐life is determined by initial concentration of the ligand in the membrane and presence of PEG linker between the ligand and the anchor. This work provides important guidance for non‐covalent surface painting of RBCs as well as other types of blood borne cells for in vivo therapeutic and targeting applications.