Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of Advertising Spending in Slovakia

Advertising, as one of the communication mix tools, can be considered as the most visible but also the most discussed tool. Many perceive advertising as an unwanted component of everyday life. On the other hand, the creation and examination of this phenomenon involved too much effort and time so that it could be simply disheartened and displaced. The submitted paper presents the results of the survey on development of advertising spending in Slovakia. In paper is analyzed a total of seven time series of advertising spending by media type. We calculated 582 different models for all analyzed spending timelines, from which had been model MAPE chosen as the most suitable one. The main objective of the presented paper is the usability of adaptive approaches to modeling the development of time series empirically verified on a set of monthly time series of advertising spending by media mix for the years 2005 to 2017 and their prognosis from January 2018 to December 2019. Almost all time series had very complex and irregular course with a lot of fluctuations. The quality of the forecasts was judged by the average relative error predicted by MAPE. Winters ́ method used in the paper is a generalization of the exponential equalization method which, in addition to the trend component Tt, also covers the seasonal component St. Developments of advertising spending in TV very responsively respond to the economic situation in Slovakia when it grew during the period until mid-2009, and its downward trend occurred in the crisis period (2009 and early 2010). From this period until December 2017, spending has grown, but at a much slower pace than in the first period until 2009. We can expect to see a moderately rising expenditure INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC DAYS 2018 610 as calculated from the projected forecast in the period (January 2018 to December 2019). Total advertising spending in the pre-crisis period increased with periodic fluctuations until October 2008. During the crisis, 2009 to 2010 saw a significant reduction in total expenditure. However, the periodic fluctuation is similar to the previous period and is also significant in the next period until the end of 2017. After the crisis, growth in spending has not reached the growth rate with pre-crisis times. In the construction of the forecast, we expected a slight increase with the maintenance of periodic fluctuations.
Percutaneous injuries in practicing dentists. A prospective study using a 20-day diary.

A novel diary study of 2,304 practicing U.S. dentists examined the frequency and nature of percutaneous injuries over one dentist-month. Burs were responsible for most extraoral injuries (40 percent), and syringe needles accounted for most intraoral injuries (32 percent). The annualized mean injury rate was 3.35, which represents about a threefold decrease since 1987.
Recycling on the local level in Thailand: Influence of trust, norms and social networks

Waste management is an important facet of sustainable development, as improper waste disposal will lead to various negative environmental and health impacts. Recycling has been found to be a useful way to manage waste materials and reduce the negative impacts of waste accumulation. In Thailand, attempts to increase recycling are being hindered by lack of public participation. The aim of this study is to find out how social aspects, namely trust, social norms and social networks influence recycling behaviour. To answer this question, a literature review is conducted to analyse the role of these aspects in relation to recycling. The theoretical framework guiding the analysis consists of a combination of social capital and social psychology theories. The results show that each of the social aspects under study has distinct impacts on recycling behaviour. Institutional trust is linked to the perceived efficiency of the service and the ability of the public to contribute to solving problems, and lack of trust in institutions is found to create disincentives for participation. Social norms among the public influence recycling by encouraging or discouraging certain behaviour based on what other community members are doing, whether it be recycling or not recycling. Meanwhile, social networks are important for information sharing and providing an opportunity to work together for community goals, including proper waste management. These findings have implications to how participation in recycling behaviour can be increased in the future. (Less)
Righteousness in the Book of Proverbs

English. This study brings insights from character ethics in addition to the much discussed biblical scholarship on social justice in order to elucidate the concept of righteousness present in the book of Proverbs. The author's choice of Proverbs as a wisdom text in relation to the concept of righteousness re(cid:61)ects the realization that previous scholarship has not dealt with righteousness as a concept in its own right but as a corollary to the issue of social justice. Like character ethics, Proverbs use its depiction of the righteous person as its prominent pedagogic device of moral discourse. In other words, instead of o(cid:18)ering abstract statements about morality, Sun Myung Lyu portrays the life of the righteous person as the paradigm of moral life, which is pregnant with numerous realizations into speci(cid:64)c actions be(cid:64)tting diverse life situations. What the righteous person embodies is righteousness, the character in toto, which encompasses yet transcends speci(cid:64)c virtues and actions. After presenting a comparative study of Proverbs with the Psalms and the ancient Egyptian wisdom texts, the author concludes that despite many similarities and parallels, Proverbs still stands out in its strong emphasis on character formation and internalization of virtues as foundations of morality in general and righteousness in particular.
Comparison of Indonesian and American College Students' Attitudes toward Homosexuality

Indonesian and U.S. college students were compared to assess whether an interaction of sex of subject by sex of target on attitudes toward homosexuals would be replicated cross-culturally. The Indonesian sample was expected to hold more traditional attitudes toward women's gender-role behavior which was expected to override the interaction of sex of subject by sex of target. Knowledge of AIDS was expected to be correlated with attitudes toward homosexuals. Analysis showed that the interaction of sex of subject by sex of homosexual target was present in both samples. Knowledge of AIDS was correlated with attitudes toward homosexuals for the U.S. sample but not for the Indonesian sample. Attitudes toward women's gender-roles were correlated with attitudes toward homosexuals in both samples.
Excessive sulphur accumulation and ionic storage behaviour identified in species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Thiophores, which are typically desert gypsophytes, accumulate high (2-6 % S dry weight) sulphur concentrations and may possess unique tolerance to environmental stress factors, e.g. sulphate/metal toxicity, drought and salinity. Little is known of the prevalence of the behaviour or the associated physiological aspects. The aim of this study was to (a) determine the prevalence of thiophore behaviour in a group of Australian xerophytes; (b) identify elemental uptake/storage characteristics of these thiophores; and (c) determine whether the behaviour is constitutive or environmental. METHODS The elemental composition of soils and the foliage of 11 species (seven genera) at a site in the Tanami Desert (NT, Australia) was compared and 13 additional Acacia species from other locations were examined for elevated calcium and sulphur concentrations and calcium-sulphur mineralization, thought to be particular to thiophores. KEY RESULTS Acacia bivenosa DC. and 11 closely related species were identified as thiophores that can accumulate high levels of sulphur (up to 3·2 %) and calcium (up to 6.8 %), but no thiophores were identified in other genera occupying the same habitat. This behaviour was observed in several populations from diverse habitats, from samples collected over three decades. It was also observed that these thiophores featured gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) crystal druses that completely filled cells and vascular systems in their dried phyllode tissues. CONCLUSIONS The thiophores studied exhibit a tight coupling between sulphur and calcium uptake and storage, and apparently store these elements as inorganic salts within the cells of their foliage. Thiophore behaviour is a constitutive trait shared by closely related Acacia but is not highly prevalent within, nor exclusive to, xerophytes. Several of the newly identified thiophores occupy coastal or riparian habitats, suggesting that the evolutionary and ecophysiological explanations for this trait do not lie solely in adaptation to arid conditions or gypsiferous soils.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Porcine Commensal, Rothia nasimurium, Encoding a Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetase Predicted To Produce the Ionophore Antibiotic Valinomycin

ABSTRACT We report the draft whole-genome sequence of Rothia nasimurium isolated from a porcine tonsil. The genome encodes a nonribosomal peptide synthetase predicted to produce valinomycin, a cyclic dodecadepsipeptide ionophore. Previously, valinomycin was known to be produced only by Streptomyces species and isolates belonging to the Bacillus pumilus group.
An Analysis of the Long-Run Performance IPOs and Effects in the Kenyan Stock Market

The pricing behavior of Initial Public Offers (IPOs) has been one of the great mysteries of modern corporate finance. An entity that desires to initiate an IPO in Kenya has to first obtain the authorization from Capital Markets Authority (CMA) before it can carry out an IPO. Before CMA considers an IPO proposal from any entity, the entity must first comply with the legal requirements. The study investigated the long-run performance Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) and effects in the Kenyan stock market. The study used descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study was 64 listed companies. A total of six companies which made IPOs between 2007-2014 where considered from the population. Data used was purely secondary data from the NSE website and individual company website. Collected data was analyzed using Mean Adjustment Buy Hold Returns (MABHR) and Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR) and test of significance at 95% confidence level. The finding indicated that using MABHR methodology IPOs over performed the market by 0.17%. Co-Operative Bank Ltd, BRITAM and Home Afrika over performed the market by 0.20% 0.40% and 1.12% respectively for the long run months of trading. Access Kenya Group, Kenya RE and Safaricom underperformed the market in 60 months of trading by -0.13%, -0.14%, and -0.44% respectively. Using CAR methodology IPOs underperformed the market by 0.49%. Access Kenya and Co-Operative Bank Ltd over performed the market by 0.61% and 1.04% respectively for the 60 months of trading. Kenya Re, Safaricom, BRITAM and Home Afrika underperformed the market in 60 months of trading by -0.33%, -1.41%, -1.09 and -1.76% respectively. The MABHR t-test results show that there was a significant difference between the short run and long run of Co-operative and Home Africa and insignificant MABHR t-test between the short run and the long run of Access Kenya, Safaricom, Britam and Kenya Re. Further, CAR t-test results show that there was a significant difference between the short run and long run of Access Kenya, Kenya Re and Britam and insignificant CAR t-test results between the short run and the long run of Co-operative Bank, Safaricom and Home Afrika. The study recommended for the implementation of policies by the NSE management so as to have a consistent performance. Keywords: Initial Public Offers, Long-run, Short-run, Performance and Kenyan Stock Market
Regulation of the p70 S6 Kinase by Phosphorylation in Vivo

The p70 S6 kinase is activated by diverse stimuli through a multisite phosphorylation directed at three separate domains as follows: a cluster of (Ser/Thr) Pro sites in an autoinhibitory segment in the noncatalytic carboxyl-terminal tail; Thr-252 in the activation loop of the catalytic domain; and Ser-394 and Thr-412 in a segment immediately carboxyl-terminal to the catalytic domain. Phosphorylation of Thr-252 in vitro by the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate-dependent kinase-1 or mutation of Thr-412 → Glu has each been shown previously to engender some activation of the p70 S6 kinase, whereas both modifications together produce 20–30-fold more activity than either alone. We employed phospho-specific anti-peptide antibodies to examine the relative phosphorylation at several of these sites in wild type and various p70 mutants, in serum-deprived cells, and in response to activators and inhibitors of p70 S6 kinase activity. Substantial phosphorylation of p70 Thr-252 and Ser-434 was present in serum-deprived cells, whereas Thr-412 and Thr-444/Ser-447 were essentially devoid of phospho-specific immunoreactivity. Activation of p70 by insulin was accompanied by a coordinate increase in phosphorylation at all sites examined, together with a slowing in mobility on SDS-PAGE of a portion of p70 polypeptides. Upon addition of rapamycin or wortmannin to insulin-treated cells, the decrease in activity of p70 was closely correlated with the disappearance of anti-Thr-412(P) immunoreactivity and the most slowly migrating p70 polypeptides, whereas considerable phosphorylation at Ser-434 and Thr-252 persisted after the disappearance of 40 S kinase activity. The central role of Thr-412 phosphorylation in the regulation of kinase activity was further demonstrated by the close correlation of the effects of various deletions and point mutations on p70 activity and Thr-412 phosphorylation. In conclusion, although p70 activity depends on a disinhibition from the carboxyl-terminal tail and the simultaneous phosphorylation at both Thr-252 and Thr-412, p70 activity in vivo is most closely related to the state of phosphorylation at Thr-412.
Neuro-Fuzzy Identifiers and Controllers

A neuro-fuzzy identifier for fuzzy modeling of a system is explained, and a control structure using this neurofuzzy identifier is proposed. The neuro-fuzzy identifier contains not only an adaptive clustering process for determining center points of the input and virtual output membership functions but also an adaptive process for deciding the shapes of the input membership functions. Moreover, linguistic fuzzy rules of a system can be obtained from the proposed neuro-fuzzy identifier, which can learn the initial implication fuzzy control rules of the system and then compensate for the error of the initial fuzzy control rules by a feedback control structure that maintains the stability of the system. Computer simulation shows that neuro-fuzzy identification is very effective in modeling fuzzy systems the fuzzy rules of which cannot be obtained easily and the neuro-fuzzy controller gives very effective control results by a learning process.
Oxygen Sensing in Health and Disease Functional genomics approach to hypoxia signaling

Seta, Karen A. , and David E. Millhorn. Functional genomics approach to hypoxia signaling.J Appl Physiol 96: 765–773, 2004; 10.1152/japplphysiol. 00836.2003. —Mammalian cells require a constant supply of oxygen to maintain energy balance, and sustained hypoxia can result in cell death. It is therefore not surprising that sophisticated adaptive mechanisms have evolved that enhance cell survival during hypoxia. During the past few years, there have been a growing number of reports on hypoxia-induced transcription of specific genes. In this review, we describe a unique experimental approach that utilizes focused cDNA libraries coupled to microarray analyses to identify hypoxia-responsive signal transduction pathways and genes that confer the hypoxia-tolerant phenotype. We have used the subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) method to create a cDNA library enriched in hypoxia-regulated genes in oxygen-sensing pheochromocytoma cells and have used this library to create microarrays that allow us to examine hundreds of genes at a time. This library contains over 300 genes and expressed sequence tags upregulated by hypoxia, including tyrosine hydroxylase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and junB. Hypoxic regulation of these and other genes in the library has been confirmed by microarray, Northern blot, and real-time PCR analyses. Coupling focused SSH libraries with microarray analyses allows one to specifically study genes relevant to a phenotype of interest while reducing much of the biological noise associated with these types of studies. When used in conjunction with high-throughput, dye-based assays for cell survival and apoptosis, this approach offers a rapid method for discovering validated therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and tumors.
Lack of TNF-alpha promotes caspase-3-independent apoptosis during murine cytomegalovirus retinitis.

PURPOSE Both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis contribute to retinal damage during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) retinitis, and TNF-α is among the inducers of apoptosis. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of TNF-α by studying virus replication and apoptosis in immunosuppressed (IS) TNF-α(-/-) mice. METHODS IS TNF-α(-/-) mice or wild-type mice were inoculated with MCMV by the supraciliary route. Injected eyes were examined by plaque assay, electron microscopy, Western blot analysis (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-12, Bid, NF-κB, cFlip, XIAP), staining for MCMV early antigen, and TUNEL assay. RESULTS Although the titer of MCMV was similar in both groups, significantly more apoptotic cells were observed in the retinas of IS TNF-α(-/-) mice than in those of wild-type mice. The level of active caspase-3 was similar in both groups; however, more activated proteins for genes involved in the mitochondrial pathway (cleaved caspase-8, tBid) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (cleaved caspase-12) and, though less active, NF-κB subunits and antiapoptotic proteins (XIAP and cFlip) were detected in the TNF-α(-/-) eyes compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Although TNF-α is an inducer of apoptosis, the results of this study suggest that TNF-α is also antiapoptotic by the following mechanism: TNF-α activation of NF-κB promotes the production of the antiapoptosis genes, c-flip or XIAP, which, in turn, inhibit the activation of caspase-8 and the mitochondrial pathway or the activation of caspase-12 and ER stress.
A novel watermarking framework for joint-creatorship protection

Digital creations are often carried out jointly by many creators. It is then necessary to provide protection to the creatorship of each participating creator. This paper proposes a novel digital watermarking framework to solve the problem of joint-creatorship protection. The proposed framework makes use of digital watermarking techniques and cryptographic protocols to achieve the creatorship protection purpose in jointly created digital images. The framework embeds multiple watermarks in a spatially non-overlapping manner during the creation process and thus obtains a high visual quality for the watermarked digital image. The complexity of the framework is analyzed by calculating the data transmission and storage requirements, and the experimental results show that the framework can address the joint-creatorship protection problem with low storage and transmission requirements
Fuzzy metric based on the distance function of plane and its application in optimal scheduling problems

Measuring the difference between fuzzy numbers is often needed in many fuzzy optimization problems such as manufacturing system production line scheduling with uncertainty environments. In this paper, based on the distance function of plane R2 and the level importance function, we establish the UID-metric and LPID-metric of measuring the difference between fuzzy numbers, and discuss the basic properties of UID-metric and LPID-metric, and prove that fuzzy number spaces are metric spaces about UID-metric and LPID-metric if and only if the level importance functionl(λ)≠0 almost everywhere on [0, 1]. Further, we discuss the convergence, separability and completeness of UID-metric and LPID-metric based on the norms of plane R2. Finally, we analyze the characteristics of UID-metric and LPID-metric by some application examples.
Calcium-Permeable AMPA Receptors Are Present in Nucleus Accumbens Synapses after Prolonged Withdrawal from Cocaine Self-Administration But Not Experimenter-Administered Cocaine

Repeated noncontingent cocaine injections, which lead to behavioral sensitization, increase AMPA receptor (AMPAR) transmission in the rodent nucleus accumbens (NAc) in a withdrawal-dependent manner. On withdrawal days (WD) 10–21, this is attributable to upregulation of GluA1A2-containing AMPARs. However, synaptic incorporation of GluA2-lacking/Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) was observed after longer withdrawal (WD35) from repeated noncontingent cocaine injections in young mice (Mameli et al., 2009). CP-AMPARs had previously been observed in NAc synapses only after prolonged (WD30–WD47) withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration. Our goal was to determine whether rats receiving repeated noncontingent cocaine injections during adulthood similarly exhibit CP-AMPARs in the NAc after prolonged withdrawal. For comparison, we began by evaluating CP-AMPARs on WD35–WD49 after extended-access cocaine self-administration. Confirming our previous results, whole-cell recordings revealed inwardly rectifying AMPAR EPSCs, a hallmark of CP-AMPARs. This was observed in both core and shell. Next, we conducted the same analysis in adult rats treated with eight daily noncontingent cocaine injections and recorded on WD35–WD49. AMPAR EPSCs in core and shell did not show inward rectification and were insensitive to 1-naphthylacetylspermine (a selective antagonist of CP-AMPARs). Locomotor sensitization could still be demonstrated after this long withdrawal period, although the upregulation of GluA1A2-containing AMPARs observed at earlier withdrawal times was no longer detected. In conclusion, in adult rats, accumulation of synaptic CP-AMPARs in the NAc occurs after prolonged withdrawal from extended-access cocaine self-administration but not after prolonged withdrawal from noncontingent cocaine injections.
Inside the Black Box of the Board: Towards a Global Comparative Model of Board Effectiveness for Listed Companies

This conceptual research seeks to develop a global comparable model of board effectiveness for listed companies based on a multi-theoretic and multi-disciplinary approach and mostly quantifiable macro-level (national culture and legal-institutional indicators) and micro-level variables (board characteristics and board processes), by synthesizing recent corporate governance theories on boards of directors and board effectiveness into a new theoretical model. In contrast to most existing models of board effectiveness, it accounts for the moderating effect of national contexts, the mediating influence of board roles on board processes, the relevance of those board processes as predictors of board effectiveness and it offers a validated board effectiveness measure that is directly linked to firm performance. Additionally, it offers a research strategy for cross-national board effectiveness research.