Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A NEW CLASSIFICATION METHOD FOR GAMMA-RAY BURSTS

Recent Swift observations suggest that the traditional long versus short gamma-ray burst (GRB) classification scheme does not always associate GRBs to the two physically motivated model types, i.e., Type II (massive star origin) versus Type I (compact star origin). We propose a new phenomenological classification method of GRBs by introducing a new parameter ε = Eγ,iso,52/E5/3p,z,2, where Eγ,iso is the isotropic gamma-ray energy (in units of 1052 erg) and Ep,z is the cosmic rest-frame spectral peak energy (in units of 100 keV). For those short GRBs with “extended emission,” both quantities are defined for the short/hard spike only. With the current complete sample of GRBs with redshift and Ep measurements, the ε parameter shows a clear bimodal distribution with a separation at ε ∼ 0.03. The high-ε region encloses the typical long GRBs with high luminosity, some high-z “rest-frame-short” GRBs (such as GRB 090423 and GRB 080913), as well as some high-z short GRBs (such as GRB 090426). All these GRBs have been claimed to be of Type II origin based on other observational properties in the literature. All the GRBs that are argued to be of Type I origin are found to be clustered in the low-ε region. They can be separated from some nearby low-luminosity long GRBs (in 3σ) by an additional T90 criterion, i.e., T90,z ≲ 5 s in the Swift/BAT band. We suggest that this new classification scheme can better match the physically motivated Type II/I classification scheme.
Quantification of agreement in psychiatric diagnosis. A new approach.

THE LAST few years have seen a number of studies dealing with the problem of the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses. What makes it difficult to assimilate the various findings is the lack of uniform methods for quantifying the salient features of the data. Thus, one study will report an overall rate of perfect agreement of 54%, 1 while another will report an overall contingency coefficient of 0.714. 2 Still another will report that, given that one diagnostician has made a particular diagnosis, the probability that another diagnostician will make the same diagnosis is 0.57. 3 Furthermore, as generally used, all of these methods suffer from one or more deficiencies which are illustrated using the hypothetical data of Table 1. (1) Chance agreement is not taken into account, or equivalently, the base rates at which the various diagnoses are made are not used to qualify the agreement measure.
The adhesive strategies of cyprids and development of barnacle-resistant marine coatings

Over the last decade, approaches to the development of surfaces that perturb settlement and/or adhesion by barnacles have diversified substantially. Although, previously, coatings research focussed almost exclusively on biocidal technologies and low modulus, low surface-free-energy ‘fouling-release’ materials, novel strategies to control surface colonisation are now receiving significant attention. It is timely, therefore, to review the current ‘state of knowledge’ regarding fouling-resistant surface characteristics and their mechanisms of action against settling larvae of barnacles. The role of the barnacle in marine fouling is discussed here in the context of its life cycle and the behavioural ecology of its cypris larva. The temporary and permanent adhesion mechanisms of cyprids are covered in detail and an overview of adult barnacle adhesion is presented. Recent legislation has directed academic research firmly towards environmentally inert marine coatings, so the actions of traditional biocides on barnacles are not described here. Instead, the discussion is restricted to those surface modifications that interfere with settlement-site selection and adhesion of barnacle cypris larvae; specifically, textural engineering of surfaces, development of inert ‘non-fouling’ surfaces and the use of enzymes in antifouling.
[Comparative study of treatment of the dry eye syndrome due to disturbances of the tear film lipid layer with lipid-containing tear substitutes].

BACKGROUND A deficiency in the tear film lipid layer is aetiological in about 80 % of the patients suffering from dry eye, which results in excessive evaporation (so-called hyperevaporative dry eye). The treatment with conventional artificial tears did not prove to be successful here. In this study the treatment with two tear substitutes containing lipids were set in contrast with each other. MATERIAL AND METHODS The randomised, controlled, multicentre cross-over study included 74 patients suffering from dry eye caused by a deficiency of the tear film lipid layer, which were organised into two groups. Group A (n = 38) was treated for the first 6 weeks with a liposomal eye spray (Tears Again), while the patients of the group of B (n = 36) were treated with an eye gel containing triglycerides (Liposic) in the same period. After 6 weeks the crossover was performed. The patients were treated in the following 6 weeks with the product which was not used before. Control examinations by masked examiners took place at the beginning of the study as well as after 6 and 12 weeks, considering the following parameters: eyelid edge-parallel conjunctival folds (LIPCOF), BREAK UP time (BUT), Schimer-I test, measurement of the tear meniscus, investigation of the edges of eyelid and visual acuity. In addition. the subjective feelings of the patients were also determined by means of questionnaires. RESULTS At the beginning of the study the two groups did not differ significantly with respect to the initial values. After the first treatment period the improvement of the examined parameters LIPCOF, BUT, Schirmer, visual acuity and inflammation of the lid margin in group A (eye spray) proved to be significantly superior in comparison to group B (eye gel). The results of the second treatment period after the crossover were similar and showed an analogous supremacy of the liposomal eye spray. The interviews with the patients revealed that the subjective evaluation concerning efficacy and compatibility of the eye spray turned out to be explicitly more favourable than that concerning the eye gel. 74.6 % of the patients favoured the application as an eye spray onto the closed eyelids over the eye gel into the conjunctival sac. 62.5 % of the patients rated the liposomal eye spray to be better all in all, 12.5 % rated that both preparations are equal and 25 % favoured the eye gel. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with phospholipids liposomes shows statistically significant clinical advantages and proves to be favourably and explicitly superior compared to the conventional standard treatment all in all.
A Technique for Harvesting Bone Graft for Arthrodeses Around the Ankle

Ankle and tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis procedures have a nonunion rate of 0 to 60%. '5.7 Bone graft is often needed during these arthrodesis procedures around the ankle joint to stimulate healing 3 and to fill voids and cysts in the bone after the appropriate end-cuts are made. Autologous bone graft has the advantage of transferring live osteoblastic and pluripotential cells to the arthrodesis site. This supplies an osteoinductive and osteoconductive environment to stimulate fusion, without the risks of transmitting infective agents.
Identification of Two Sp1 Phosphorylation Sites for p42/p44 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases

Sp1 regulates activation of many genes implicated in tumor growth and cell cycle progression. We have previously demonstrated its implication in the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene transcription following growth factor stimulation of quiescent cells, a situation where p42/p44 mitogen-activate protein kinase (MAPK) activity is dramatically increased. Here we show that p42/p44 MAPK directly phosphorylates Sp1 on threonines 453 and 739 both in vitro and in vivo. Mutation of these sites to alanines decreases by half the MAPK-dependent transcriptional activity of Sp1, in the context of the VEGF promoter, in SL2 Drosophila cells devoid of the endogenous Sp1 protein. Moreover, inducible overexpression of the (T453A,T739A) Sp1 double mutant compromises MAPK-driven VEGF mRNA transcription in fibroblasts. These results highlight Sp1 as a key molecular link between elevated activation of the Ras ≫ p42/p44MAPK signaling pathway and increased VEGF expression, two major steps deregulated in tumor cells.
Histone H 1 binding is inhibited by histone variant

Linker histones are involved in the formation of higherorder chromatin structure and the regulation of specific genes, yet it remains unclear what their principal binding determinants are. We generated a genome-wide high-resolution binding map for linker histone H1 in Drosophila cells, using DamID. H1 binds at similar levels across much of the genome, both in classic euchromatin and heterochromatin. Strikingly, there are pronounced dips of low H1 occupancy around transcription start sites for active genes and at many distant cis-regulatory sites. H1 dips are not due to lack of nucleosomes; rather, all regions with low binding of H1 show enrichment of the histone variant H3.3. Knockdown of H3.3 causes H1 levels to increase at these sites, with a concomitant increase in nucleosome repeat length. These changes are independent of transcriptional changes. Our results show that the H3.3 protein counteracts association of H1, providing a mechanism to keep diverse genomic sites in an open chromatin conformation. The EMBO Journal (2009) 28, 3635–3645. doi:10.1038/ emboj.2009. 301; Published online 15 October 2009 Subject Categories: chromatin & transcription
Stress and distress.

I must ask the reader's indulgence for this article's concern with applications of the stress concept, which are distinct from, although related to clinical medicine. It has not been my object to deal with the way physicians have been aided by stress research in the practice of medicine--that information is already widely available. Rather, I have attempted to sketch briefly the history of the stress theory and to demonstrate how this information can help anyone, physician or layman, lead a more complete and satisfying life. The applications of the stress theory have been dealt with at length elsewhere. I believe that we can find within scientifically verified observations the basis of a code of behavior suited to our century. The great laws of nature that regulate the defenses of living beings against stress of any kind are essentially the same at all levels of life, from individual cells to entire complex human organisms and societies. It helps a great deal to understand the fundamental advantages and disadvantages of catatoxic and syntoxic attitudes by studying the biologic basis of self-preservation as reflected in syntoxic and catatoxic chemical mechanisms. When applied to everyday problems, this understanding should lead to choices most likely to provide us the pleasant eustress (from the Greek eu meaning good, as in euphoria) involved in achieving fulfillment and victory, thereby avoiding the self-destructive distress of frustration and failure. So the translation of the laws governing resistance of cells and organs to a code of behavior comes down to three basic precepts: 1. Find your own natural stress level. People differ with regard to the amount and kind of work they consider worth doing to meet the exigencies of daily life and to assure their future security and happiness. In this respect, all of us are influenced by hereditary predispositions and the expectations of our society. Only through planned self-analysis can we establish what we really want; too many people suffer all their lives because they are too conservative to risk a radical change by breaking with hiabits or traditions. 2. Altruistic egoism. The selfish (i.e., self-interested) hoarding of the goodwill, respect, esteem, support, and love of our neighbors is the most efficient way to give vent to our pent-up energy and to create a more enjoyable, beautiful, or useful environment.3. Earn thy neighbor's love. This motto--which is merely a rewording of the command to "love thy neighbor as thyself"--is compatible with man's natural structure, and although it is based on altruistic egoism, it could hardly be attacked as unethical. Who would blame the man who wants to assure his own homeostasis and happiness only by accumulating the treasure of other poeple's benevolence and love? Yet this makes him virtually unassailable, for nobody wants to attack and destroy those upon whom he depends.
Estimating network edge probabilities by neighborhood smoothing

The estimation of probabilities of network edges from the observed adjacency matrix has important applications to predicting missing links and network denoising. It has usually been addressed by estimating the graphon, a function that determines the matrix of edge probabilities, but this is ill-defined without strong assumptions on the network structure. Here we propose a novel computationally efficient method, based on neighborhood smoothing to estimate the expectation of the adjacency matrix directly, without making the structural assumptions that graphon estimation requires. The neighborhood smoothing method requires little tuning, has a competitive mean-squared error rate, and outperforms many benchmark methods on link prediction in simulated and real networks.
¿La construcción de la paz mediante el deporte? Una introducción al deporte para el desarrollo y la paz

Usar l'esport per a tractar diversos problemes socials -una estrategia denominada esport per al desenvolupament i la pau (EDP)- s'esta tornant una estrategia ampliament acceptada, sobretot a les regions afectades per pobresa, violencia i conflictes. Identificant un conjunt de caracteristiques uniques, una amplia gamma d'agents en el camp de la pau i el desenvolupament, incloses les agencies de desenvolupament internacional, l'ONU i diverses organitzacions no governamentals, han donat suport a l'esport com a catalitzador social significatiu. Aquest treball tracta del seguent: 1) presentar l'esport per al desenvolupament i la pau, 2) posar en relleu les formes en que l'esport pot ajudar a crear processos de pau i resolucio de conflictes, i 3) presentar iniciatives actuals d'esport per al desenvolupament i la pau a Colombia.
Gene order in a 10 275 bp fragment of Yarrowia lipolytica, including adjacent YlURA5 and YlSEC65 genes conserved in four yeast species

We have determined the sequence of a 10275 bp DNA segment of Yarrowia lipolytica located on chromosome VI. The sequence contains six complete open reading frames (ORFs) longer than 100 amino acids and two more partial ORFs at both ends. Two of the ORFs encode for the well‐characterized genes YlURA5 (orotate phosphoribosyltransferase) and YlSEC65 (encoding a subunit of the signal recognition particle). These two genes show an identical organization—located on opposite strands and in opposite orientations—in four yeast species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida albicans and Y. lipolytica. One ORF and the two partial ORFs code for putative proteins showing significant homology with proteins from other organisms. YlVI‐108w (partial) and YlVI‐103w show 39% and 54% identity, respectively, with YDR430c and YHR088w from S. cerevisiae. YlVI‐102c (partial) shows significant homology with a matrix protein, lustrin A from Haliotis rufescens, and with the PGRS subfamily (Gly‐rich proteins) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The three remaining ORFs show weak or non‐significant homology with previously sequenced genes. The nucleotide sequence has been submitted to the EMBL database under Accession No. AI006754. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis B virus genotypes: comparison of genotyping methods

There are eight genotypes of HBV designated A to H based on greater than 8% nucleotide variation over the entire genome. Hepadnaviruses infecting primates like the chimpanzee, orangutan and gibbon are very similar and can be regarded as genotypes of HBV. The eight genotypes of HBV show a distinct geographical distribution and influence the course of disease and the prognosis of treatment. Due to the variability of HBV, diagnostic procedures risk giving false‐negative results or reporting an inaccurately low quantitative result. Thus, the variability of HBV genotypes can influence the interpretation of diagnostic data and the therapeutic decisions thereof in an unwanted way.
Cytoskeletal reorganization induced by insulin: involvement of Grb2/Ash, Ras and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase signalling

Background: Cytoskeletal reorganization is important for a wide variety of insulin‐mediated biological actions, including cell growth, migration and metabolism, but the intracellular signalling pathways leading to insulin‐induced cytoskeletal reorganization have largely been unknown. We therefore investigated the involvement of Grb2/Ash‐Ras and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3‐kinase in the insulin‐induced morphological changes in fibroblasts over‐expressing human insulin receptors (HIRcB cells).
PI3K p110β Positively Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced IL-12 Production in Human Macrophages and Dendritic Cells and JNK1 Plays a Novel Role1

The PI3K family is thought to participate in TLR signaling, and it has been reported to be a negative regulator of TLR-mediated production of IL-12, a key inducer of Th1 responses. However, the role of individual PI3K subtypes in IL-12 production remains obscure. We defined the distinct regulation of LPS-mediated IL-12 production by p110α and p110β catalytic subunits of PI3K in human APCs. We observed that knockdown of PI3K p110β by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed both LPS-induced IL-12 protein production and mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). Knockdown of PI3K p110α by siRNA reduced LPS-induced IL-12 protein production in both cell types. Conversely, knockdown of PI3K p110α suppressed LPS-induced IL-12 mRNA expression in monocyte-derived macrophages but minimally affected monocyte-derived DCs. PI3K p110β siRNA inhibited JNK activation, but not p38 MAPK or ERK activation, stimulated by LPS, while PI3K p110α siRNA did not affect LPS-induced JNK, p38 MAPK, or ERK activation in both cell types. Transfection of siRNA against JNK1, JNK2, and both decreased LPS-induced IL-12 production. Furthermore, PI3K p110β siRNA attenuated LPS-induced JNK1 phosphorylation, while not affecting JNK2 phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that PI3K p110β positively controls LPS-induced IL-12 production through the JNK1-dependent pathway in human macrophages and DCs.
Series-connected converters with individual MPPT for BIPV

Building Integrated PhotoVoltaics suffer for mismatching among the operating conditions of different regions of installations. Safety is another typical concern. In this work, we propose to face both issues by arranging the solar array in several sections provided with individual converters, capable to operate in the MPPT mode. Each converter is insulated, so that several converters are connected in series in order to reach the desired dc-link voltage, while maintaining the maximum voltage across the solar array within safety limits. The approach was tested by means of a demonstrator consisting of N=3 flyback converters. Each converter was equipped with separate MPPT. The proposed system was characterised under variable shading conditions. We verified that the dc-link voltage tends to distribute among outputs of single module converters proportionally to the respective input power. In the presence of high levels of shading it was advantageous with respect to other PV plant configurations.
Survivin Enhances Fas Ligand Expression via Up-Regulation of Specificity Protein 1-Mediated Gene Transcription in Colon Cancer Cells

Cancer cells are thought to possess mechanisms for evading the host’s immune surveillance system. Survivin, a member of the inhibitor-of-apoptosis family overexpressed by cancer cells, inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis induced by immune cells. In addition, cancer cells express Fas ligand (FasL) on their surfaces as a counterattack against immune cells. Mechanisms by which cancer cells express FasL, including involvement of survivin, are unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that survivin up-regulated FasL expression and investigated how this might occur. Quantitative immunostaining showed correlation between survivin and FasL protein expression in colon cancer tissues (r = 0.79). FasL expression was up-regulated in LS180 colon cancer cells transfected with the survivin gene. Transfectants showed increased cytotoxicity against a Fas-sensitive human T leukemia cell line, Jurkat. In contrast, FasL expression was down-regulated in SW480 cells transfected with a small inhibitory RNA to prevent survivin expression. Survivin gene transfectants showed increased DNA binding of transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) to the FasL promoter, and up-regulation of Sp1 phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues; the total amount of Sp1 was unchanged. Thus, survivin enables cancer cells not only to suppress immune cell attack by inhibiting Fas-mediated apoptotic signaling, but to attack immune cells by induction of FasL.
STAT1 activation in association with JAK2 exon 12 mutations

JAK2 exon 12 mutations are associated with more marked and isolated erythrocytosis than JAK2V617F . We analyzed expression profiles of JAK2 exon 12-mutant and wild-type erythroid colonies from patients with polycythemia vera (PV). Exon 12 mutations were associated with interferon-target gene
Rate Adaptive Hierarchical Modulation-Assisted Two-User Opportunistic Scheduling

We propose and study a two-best user opportunistic scheduling scheme using fixed power discrete rate adaptive hierarchical constellations (known also as embedded, multi- resolution, or asymmetrical constellations). According to the classical opportunistic scheduling, the scheduler transmits information to the selected first best user in each transmission slot in order to maximize the spectral efficiency. Our newly proposed scheme transmits information not only to the first best user but also to the second best user if the channel qualities of the selected two users support. As such the frequency of channel access of the users is increased without any degradation of overall spectral efficiency compared to the classical single best user scheduling. The key idea is to rely on hierarchical constellations to transmit information to two best users simultaneously. Specifically, according to the channel quality of the first best user, the alphabet size of the square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is selected in order to maximize the spectral efficiency. However, if the first best user's channel quality is good enough to decode the information transmitted in the second hierarchy of the selected size hierarchical QAM constellation while the second best user's channel quality is capable of decoding the information transmitted in the first hierarchy, information is transmitted to both the selected first and second best users using the hierarchical QAM constellation. Otherwise, information is transmitted only to the first best user using the selected size uniform QAM constellation. We present expressions for the information transmission probability and the overall average spectral efficiency [bits/sec/Hz] defined as the overall average transmitted data rate per unit bandwidth for a specified number of users, a specified average carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and bit error rate (BER). Numerical results for a fading environment where the channel variation among the users is identically and independently distributed (i.i.d.) are presented. These results show that, in such i.i. d. fading environment, our newly proposed fixed power discrete rate adaptive hierarchical modulation- assisted two-best user scheduling provides more frequent access to the information (almost double) without any average spectral efficiency degradation compared to the classical single best user opportunistic scheduling.