Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Number "Conservation" and Experimenter Expectancy.

HUNT, TREVOR D. Early Number "Conservation" and Experimenter Expectancy. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1975, 46, 984-987. The possible effect of E expectancy in the very early number "conservation" task was investigated. Mehler and Bever's (1967) experiment was replicated but 12 different Es were involved, half with an induced expectancy of supportive results and half nonsupportive. 168 children in 7 age groups from 2-4 to 4-7 were given 4 trials each, half with Smarties (M&Ms) and half with Plasticine pellets. Although little support was found for their high conservation scores by the youngest children, a significant result was obtained for expectancy.
Computational cognitive neuroscience: Model fitting should not replace model simulation

Cognitive neuroscience, especially in the fields of learning and decision-making, is witnessing the blossoming of computational model-based analyses. Several methodological and review papers have indicated how and why candidate models should be compared by trading off their ability to predict the data as a function of their complexity. However, the importance of simulating candidate models has been so far largely overlooked, which entails several drawbacks and leads to invalid conclusions. Here we argue that the analysis of model simulations is often necessary to support the specific claims about behavioral function that most of model-based studies make. We defend this argument both informally by providing a large-scale (N>300) review of recent studies, and formally by showing how model simulations are necessary to interpret model comparison results. Finally, we propose guidelines for future work, which combine model comparison and simulation.
A mobile SoC-based platform for evaluating hearing aid algorithms and architectures

Current research on audio signal processing algorithms for digital hearing aid devices is extremely pushing the performance demands. Nowadays, there is a trend of using several microphones in such systems (e.g., binaural systems) to improve the speech perception of a hearing impaired person. However, there is a lack of mobile platforms, capable of processing such algorithms in real-time. This paper presents a new mobile SoC-based evaluation and development platform (including a multi-channel audio extension board), specially thought not only for evaluating new hearing aid signal processing algorithms but also to develop new hardware co-processor architectures, that could be integrated in current hearing aid devices to improve their performance with a minimal extra energy consumption.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, behavioural and emotional problems in children excluded from mainstream education: a preliminary study of teachers' ratings

The aim of this study was to measure the rates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and behavioural and emotional problems in children attending Behavioural Support Units (BSUs), as rated by teachers. Children (N=45) were selected from two Behavioural Support Units (primary and secondary education). Teachers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and the ADHD Rating Scale. The levels of hyperactivity and emotional problems were high among primary school age children. Children attending primary school age BSUs had significantly higher hyperactivity and emotional scores than their older counterparts. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on ADHD and other mental health problems in children. The implications for the provision of services for children excluded from mainstream education are also discussed.
How Can Organisations Prepare for Reputational Crises

Most public and private organisations have assumed that they are responsible for their reputation, which they see as a key asset. In a world rapidly becoming dominated by the internet and electronic commerce, organisational control is threatened. This article develops a definition of organisational reputation and suggests how it can be nurtured. It explores the types of reputational threats that face organisations and how training may prevent or reduce the effects of reputational crises.
Intensity and Interpretation of Competitive State Anxiety: Relationship to Performance and Repressive Coping

Abstract This study examined (a) the predictions of multidimensional anxiety theory, (b) the effect of interpreting anxiety responses as having a debilitative or facilitative effect on performance, and (c) the influence of a repressive coping style on the relationship of anxiety to performance in recreational and semi-professional bowlers (N = 158). Regression analyses indicated cognitive intensity had an inverted-U relationship to performance that explained 4.1% of the variance (p < .05). The somatic direction subscale had a positive linear relationship to performance that explained 3.0% of the variance (p < .05). Removing bowlers with a repressive coping style resulted in a stronger and different anxiety-performance relationship. Cognitive intensity kept an inverted-U relationship, but increased the performance variance explained to 12.6%. Somatic intensity became significant, but with a negative linear relationship that explained 6.1% of performance variance. The findings did not support multi-dimensional anxiety theory and offered only limited support for inclusion of directional interpretation scales.
Influence of the amplitude distribution to the interference of UWB signals on radio receivers

The interference of ultra wideband (UWB) signals on conventional radio systems, called victims, is still an open issue. In this paper we show that not only the interference power but also the amplitude statistics have significant influence on the bit error rate (BER) of the victim. The amplitude probability distribution (APD) of UWB signals at the channel and inside the victim's receiver is studied analytically and verified by simulation. It is shown under which boundary conditions the UWB signal looses its pulsed behavior inside the victim's receiver. From this an interference model for the additional BER caused by UWB is proposed. The theoretical model is evaluated by simulations with a WLAN and a UMTS victim
Oral‐Proficiency Testing: A Critical Analysis

surface within the language teaching profession over the last five years is the attempt by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages and the Educational Testing Service (henceforth, ACTFL/ETS) to establish and implement second-language proficiency guidelines for testing and for organizing the language teaching curriculum. The ACTFL/ETS Guidelines are based in large part on the Foreign Service Institute (FSI) oral-proficiency test that has been in use in the federal government for nearly thirty years. While a history of the FSI and ACTFL/ETS Guidelines is an interesting study in itself, our concern in this paper is with what we perceive to be serious, if not insurmountable, problems with the ACTFL/ETS Guidelines. ' Although we perceive difficulties with the Guidelines established for all four language skills and cultural performance, we will focus the present discussion on the oral-proficiency Guidelines only. To date, only minimal skepticism has been expressed toward oral-proficiency testing (OPT) as defined by ACTFL/ETS. Savignon, however, at least cautions that perhaps the profession is moving too quickly toward implementation of the ACTFL/ETS Guidelines when she
Honesty as the sixth factor of personality: correlations with machiavellianism, primary psychopathy, and social adroitness

Psycholexical studies of personality structure in several languages have recovered, in addition to variants of the Big Five factors, a sixth factor that has been given names suggesting honesty, such as ‘Integrity’, ‘Trustworthiness’, ‘Truthfulness’, and ‘Values’. Using a sample of Korean respondents (N = 610), we correlated lexical markers of the Big Five and the Honesty factor with several questionnaire variables that are relevant to the exploitation of others, including Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Social Adroitness. Results indicated that those measures were much more strongly related to the Honesty factor than to any of the Big Five. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adenovirus-mediated human tissue kallikrein gene delivery inhibits neointima formation induced by interruption of blood flow in mice.

Tissue kallikrein cleaves kininogen to produce vasoactive kinin peptides. Binding of kinins to bradykinin B(2) receptors on vascular endothelial cells stimulates the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, thus activating the cGMP and cAMP pathways. In this study, we evaluated the effects of adenovirus-mediated human tissue kallikrein gene (Ad.CMV-cHK) delivery in a mouse model of arterial remodeling induced by permanent alteration in shear stress conditions. Mice underwent ligature of the left common carotid artery and were injected intravenously with saline or 1.8 x 10(9) plaque-forming units of Ad.CMV-cHK or control virus (Ad.CMV-LacZ). Fourteen days after surgery, morphometric analysis revealed that Ad. CMV-cHK reduced neointima formation by 52% (P<0.05) compared with Ad. CMV-LacZ. Expression of human tissue kallikrein (HK) mRNA was detected in mouse carotid artery, aorta, kidney, heart, and liver, and recombinant HK was present in the urine and plasma of mice receiving HK gene. Kallikrein gene transfer resulted in increases in urinary kinin, cGMP, and cAMP levels. The protective action of Ad. CMV-cHK on neointima formation was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in mice with knockout of the kinin B(2) receptor gene compared with wild-type control mice (J129Sv mice). In contrast, the effect of Ad. CMV-cHK was amplified (P<0.05) in transgenic mice overexpressing human B(2) receptor compared with wild-type control mice (c57/Bl6 mice). Thus, the inhibitory effect of recombinant kallikrein on structural alterations caused by the interruption of blood flow appears to be mediated by the B(2) receptor. These results provide new insight into the role of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in vascular remodeling and suggest the application of HK gene therapy to treat restenosis and atherosclerosis.
Survey on Acceptance Testing Technique

Software testing is done to detect and correct software failures. Main purpose of testing is to check that software meets all specified requirements that guided its design and development. User Acceptance testing (UAT) is the key feature of software implementation. UAT is performed to ensure that the new system meets all the essential user requirements. It is the final testing activity performed by the customer to test for the completeness, correctness and consistency of the software.
Multi-Scale Fully Convolutional Network for Fast Face Detection

Image pyramid is a common strategy in detecting objects with different scales in an image. The computation of features at every scale of a finely-sampled image pyramid is the computational bottleneck of many modern face detectors. To deal with this problem, we propose a multi-scale fully convolutional network framework for face detection. In our detector, face models at different scales are trained end-to-end and they share the same convolutional feature maps. During testing, only images at octave-spaced scale intervals need to be processed by our detector. And faces of different scales between two consecutive octaves can be detected by multi-scale models in our system. This makes our detector very efficient and can run about 100 FPS on a GPU for VGA images. Meanwhile, our detector shows superior performance over most of state-of-the-art ones on three challenging benchmarks, including FDDB, AFW, and PASCAL faces.
Collective Dynamics Underlying Allosteric Transitions in Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is the prototypic allosteric protein. Still, its molecular allosteric mechanism is not fully understood. To elucidate the mechanism of cooperativity on an atomistic level, we developed a novel computational technique to analyse the coupling of tertiary and quaternary motions. From Molecular Dynamics simulations showing spontaneous quaternary transitions, we separated the transition trajectories into two orthogonal sets of motions: one consisting of intra-chain motions only (referred to as tertiary-only) and one consisting of global inter-chain motions only (referred to as quaternary-only). The two underlying subspaces are orthogonal by construction and their direct sum is the space of full motions. Using Functional Mode Analysis, we were able to identify a collective coordinate within the tertiary-only subspace that is correlated to the most dominant motion within the quaternary-only motions, hence providing direct insight into the allosteric coupling mechanism between tertiary and quaternary conformation changes. This coupling-motion is substantially different from tertiary structure changes between the crystallographic structures of the T- and R-state. We found that hemoglobin's allosteric mechanism of communication between subunits is equally based on hydrogen bonds and steric interactions. In addition, we were able to affect the T-to-R transition rates by choosing different histidine protonation states, thereby providing a possible atomistic explanation for the Bohr effect.
From Rational Myth to Self-Fulfilling Prophecy? Understanding the Persistence of Means–ends Decoupling as a Consequence of the Latent Functions of Policy Enactment

Organizations operating in pluralistic institutional environments are facing ever greater pressures to adopt and implement policies and practices that have few if any benefits for their core functions. This situation is characterized by Bromley and Powell as reflective of means–ends decoupling. Current theory suggests that this form of decoupling can be difficult to sustain unless the logic of confidence in the policy/practice is maintained, i.e. actors believe that it is useful, relevant and important. In this study, I argue that part-time working in the UK police service illustrates a sustained case of means–ends decoupling in that its official purpose (to retain the skills and experience of (mainly female) police officers) not only appears to have few benefits for the subunits in which it is implemented, but the practice itself is seen to interfere with the achievement of operational goals, generating efficiency gaps. Despite this situation, the logic of confidence in this practice is maintained. Using Merton’s distinction between the manifest and latent functions of a policy, I argue that this situation can be understood by examining how the policy on part-time working functions latently to increase managers’ accountability regarding the accommodation of part-time working. This means that managers are unwilling to refuse requests for part-time working but its manifest function (the retention of skills and experiences) operates to ameliorate efficiency gaps through a process I term ‘institutional satisficing’. Furthermore, the manifest function of part-time working can be used as a rhetorical tool by managers to justify potentially controversial methods of accommodating part-time officers in frontline roles which can result in the serendipitous recoupling of part-time working to its intended purposes.
Detecting Entity-Related Events and Sentiments from Tweets Using Multilingual Resources

This article presents the details of the participation of the OPTAH team to the CLEF 2012 RepLab profiling (polarity classification) and monitoring tasks. Specifically, we present the manner in which the OPAL system has been modified to deal with opinions in tweets and how the use of rules involving the language use in social-media can help to achieve good results as far as polarity classification is concerned, even in a language for which we have just a small polarity lexicon. Additionally, we show how we can employ the values computed for sentiment intensity (especially the negative ones) to classify the importance of event-related clusters of tweets. Our methods, although quite simple, obtained promising results in the RepLab evaluations.
Diagnosing prosopagnosia: Effects of ageing, sex, and participant–stimulus ethnic match on the Cambridge Face Memory Test and Cambridge Face Perception Test

The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and Cambridge Face Perception Test (CFPT) have provided the first theoretically strong clinical tests for prosopagnosia based on novel rather than famous faces. Here, we assess the extent to which norms for these tasks must take into account ageing, sex, and testing country. Data were from Australians aged 18 to 88 years (N = 240 for CFMT; 128 for CFPT) and young adult Israelis (N = 49 for CFMT). Participants were unselected for face recognition ability; most were university educated. The diagnosis cut-off for prosopagnosia (2 SDs poorer than mean) was affected by age, participant–stimulus ethnic match (within Caucasians), and sex for middle-aged and older adults on the CFPT. We also report internal reliability, correlation between face memory and face perception, correlations with intelligence-related measures, correlation with self-report, distribution shape for the CFMT, and prevalence of developmental prosopagnosia.
The Effect of Black Models on Magazine Ad Readership

b Evidence has been presented which shows that the use of black models in magazine advertising has increased during the past two decades. Kassarjianl found that general interest magazine ads portrayed black models on the average of 5.8 times per thousand pages in 1946, compared to 6.0 times in 1965 and 13.5 times in 1969. In an analysis of the ads of five news magazines, Stempe12 found that the percentage of ads containing black models increased from 0.6% in 1960 to 2.7% in 1970. Similar percentages were reported by COX,^ who examined the frequency of black portrayals in the ads of six general-interest magazines during 1949-50 and 1967-68. A study of the frequency of black models in magazine ads during 1978 reported almost identical percentages to the 1968 and 1970 percentages reported by Cox and Stempel. Bush, Resnik and Stern4 found that slightly more than 2% of magazine ads contained black models. Although the research shows that the presence of black models in magazine advertisements had increased during the past two decades, it also shows that blacks are underrepresented in advertising portrayals in proportion to their readership of magazines. Studies of magazine readership
PHONETIC AND PHONOLOGICAL REPRESENTATION OF STOP CONSONANT VOICING

This paper argues for a more structured view of the relation between the phonological feature [voice] and its specific phonetic implementations. Under the theory of universal phonetics proposed here, the implementation of [voice] is sharply constrained: the opposition is defined relatively, as more or less voicing, along a dimension consisting of exactly three discrete, ordered categories, which can be shown to have clear articulatory and acoustic bases. While the phonological feature allows certain rule equivalences across languages to be expressed, the phonetic categories describe possible contrasts within languages, and express markedness relations. * 1. INTRODUCTION. It is common practice to represent sounds in different languages which are phonetically similar, but not absolutely identical, with the same symbol or set of feature specifications. Sometimes this practice is simply a convenience, for ease in transcription or typesetting. At other times, the sounds in question are said to be different only at the phonetic level; at the phonemic level, they may indeed have the same feature specifications, and so are thought of as the 'same' sound. For example, the distinction in the SPE model (Chomsky & Halle 1968) between systematic phonemic vs. phonetic levels makes such a view possible. However, I will argue here that the version of the model proposed in SPE can be improved, allowing a more adequate treatment of a variety of facts. I will discuss how surface phonetic variation, within and across languages, can be derived in a synchronic grammar from the interaction of three relatively simple systems: the possible phonological features and their values, their possible phonetic category mappings, and phonetic detail rules accounting for variation within these phonetic categories. More generally, this paper contributes to an -important goal of linguistic phonetics: that of relating discrete and timeless phonological units to physical reality, with its continuous articulatory and acoustic manifestations. 1.1. THE SPE MODEL represents lexical items as matrices of binary-valued phonetic features; each row is a feature, and each column a segment. Phonological rules may change the values of features, or may add or delete segments, but may not change the inventory of features which form the rows of the matrices. By contrast, phonetic rules convert the binary values into quantitative values along continuous phonetic scales; these rules specify the value along each scale at which the given language divides the scale into its phonetic * This research was supported in part by a postdoctoral fellowship at MIT from NIH, by a research grant from UCLA, and by an NSF grant to Peter Ladefoged. I would like to thank Elan
Relationship between Social Support and Selected Measures of Psychological Well-Being

This study investigated the relationship between the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of social support and various psychological variables, including loneliness, stress, self-esteem, locus of control, and psychological impairment. 104 volunteer undergraduate students were administered questionnaires evaluating each variable. On the basis of scores derived from the Social Relationships Scale, subjects were classified into four levels of social support. A significant multivariate effect was found for the qualitative dimension, Helpfulness. Follow-up procedures determined that significant differences between groups high and low on helpfulness were evidenced for the loneliness variable only, with the low-scoring group reporting more loneliness.
Fuzzy system as parameter estimator of nonlinear dynamic functions

In this paper we use adaptive fuzzy systems as intelligent identification systems for nonlinear time-varying plants. A new technique to design the fuzzy system that relies on the minimization of a loss function is presented. The design technique uses the centers of the fuzzy sets (labels) at the antecedent part of the rule base as the estimated parameters. This parametrization has the Linear In The Parameters (LITPs) characteristic that allows standard parameter estimation technique to be used to estimate the parameters of the fuzzy system. The combination of the fuzzy system and the estimation method then performs as a nonlinear estimator. If several fuzzy sets are defined for the input variables at the antecedent part, the fuzzy system ("fuzzy estimator") then behaves as a collection of nonlinear estimators where different rules' regions have different parameters. The proposed scheme is potentially capable of estimating the parameters of highly nonlinear plants. Simulation examples, which use plants with highly nonlinear gain, show the power of the proposed estimation scheme in comparison to estimation using the linear model.
Chapter III: Research in Spelling and Handwriting

RESEARCH in spelling for the three years since October 1948 indicated a continued consideration of word selection and grade placement, an increased concern about methods of teaching spelling, and some attention to the integration of spelling with the other language arts. The most complete survey of spelling research published in this period was Horn's invaluable summary of investigations relating to curriculums, methods, and testing reported in the revised edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research (14) . The well-selected references compiled yearly in Elementary School Journal and School Review supplemented the basic triennial summaries in the REVIEW by Breed, Horn, McKee, Smith, Knower, and Stauffer.