Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
De-anonymization Attack on Geolocated Data

With the advent of GPS-equipped devices, a massive amount of location data is being collected, raising the issue of the privacy risks incurred by the individuals whose movements are recorded. In this work, we focus on a specific inference attack called the de-anonymization attack, by which an adversary tries to infer the identity of a particular individual behind a set of mobility traces. More specifically, we propose an implementation of this attack based on a mobility model called Mobility Markov Chain (MMC). A MMC is built out from the mobility traces observed during the training phase and is used to perform the attack during the testing phase. We design two distance metrics quantifying the closeness between two MMCs and combine these distances to build de-anonymizers that can re-identify users in an anonymized geolocated dataset. Experiments conducted on real datasets demonstrate that the attack is both accurate and resilient to sanitization mechanisms such as downsampling.
Freedom as Independence*

Much recent philosophical work on social freedom focuses on whether freedom should be understood as noninterference, in the liberal tradition associated with Isaiah Berlin, or as nondomination, in the republican tradition revived by Philip Pettit and Quentin Skinner. We defend a conception of freedom that lies between these two alternatives: freedom as independence. Like republican freedom, it demands the robust absence of relevant constraints on action. Unlike republican, and like liberal freedom, it is not moralized. We showcase the virtues of this conception and offer a novel map of the logical space in which different conceptions of freedom are located.
Exercise effects on bone mineral density, falls, coronary risk factors, and health care costs in older women: the randomized controlled senior fitness and prevention (SEFIP) study.

BACKGROUND Physical exercise affects many risk factors and diseases and therefore can play a vital role in general disease prevention and treatment of elderly individuals and may reduce costs. We sought to determine whether a single exercise program affects fracture risk (bone mineral density [BMD] and falls), coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, and health care costs in community-dwelling elderly women. METHODS We conducted a randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial from May 1, 2005, through July 31, 2008, recruiting women 65 years or older who were living independently in the area of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. In all, 246 women were randomly assigned to an 18-month exercise program (exercise group) or a wellness program (control group). The exercise group (n = 123) performed a multipurpose exercise program with special emphasis on exercise intensity; the controls (n = 123) focused on well-being with a low-intensity, low-frequency program. The main outcome measures were BMD, the number of falls, the Framingham-based 10-year CHD risk, and direct health care costs. RESULTS For the 227 women who completed the 18-month study, significant exercise effects were observed for BMD of the lumbar spine (mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] percentage of change in BMD [baseline to follow-up] for the exercise group: 1.77% [1.26% to 2.28%] vs controls: 0.33% [-0.24% to 0.91%]; P < . 001), femoral neck (exercise group: 1.01% [0.37% to 1.65%] vs controls: -1.05% [-1.70% to -0.40%]; P < .001), and fall rate per person during 18 months (exercise group: 1.00 [0.76 to 1.24] vs controls: 1.66 [1.33 to 1.99]; P = .002). The 10-year CHD risk was significantly affected in both subgroups (absolute change for the exercise group: -1.96% [95% CI, -2.69% to -1.23%] vs controls: -1.15% [-1.69% to -0.62%]; P = .22), with no significant difference between the groups. The direct health care costs per participant during the 18-month intervention showed nonsignificant differences between the groups (exercise group: 2255 euros[95% CI, 1791 euros-2718 euros] vs controls: 2780 euros [2187 euros-3372 euros]; P = .20). CONCLUSION Compared with a general wellness program, our 18-month exercise program significantly improved BMD and fall risk, but not predicted CHD risk, in elderly women. This benefit occurred at no increase in direct costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00267839.
An abstract machine-based dynamic translation technique in Java processors

Binary Translation is a migration technique that allows software to run on other machines achieving near native code performance. The paper proposed an abstract machine-based dynamic translation technique in Java processors. The technique employs the “mock execution” of the hardware abstract machine (HAM) to identify and analyze the dependency among Java programs, dynamically translate Java bytecode into tag-based RISC-like instructions. After that, stack folding is combined with the technique to further optimize translated instructions. We used the technique to realize a Java ILP processor. To further describe the technique's availability, we extended the Java processor to design a multithreading Java processor, and explained its some new features.
Constraints to leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian workers

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to identify perceived constraints to leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) most prevalent in Brazilian workers. Furthermore, this study aimed to analyze the types of constraints perceived in the practice of LTPA that better characterize the behaviour of active and insufficiently active workers. The study included 885 workers from a Brazilian industry. The level of physical activity and constraints practiced were analyzed, as well as sociodemographic data and work-related health factors. The most frequently perceived constraints to LTPA were ‘long working hours’ (60.3%), ‘family commitments’ (58.1%), and ‘housework’ (54.5%). Intrapersonal constraints better explained the behaviour of insufficiently active workers; moreover, for those with a regular physical activity, the constraints were environmental and structural. Long working hours and excess housework reflect low levels of physical activity in workers. The model of leisure constraints was confirmed in Brazilian workers with different levels of physical activity.
Risk of Tuberculosis in Dialysis Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Background The ability to identify individuals at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) has important implications for public health policy and patient care. We conducted a general population historical cohort study in all Australian States and Territories to establish the risk of TB arising in people on chronic hemo- or peritoneal dialysis. Methodology/Principal Findings Cases of TB disease in patients receiving chronic dialysis were identified by record linkage using the Australia & New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) and State and Territory TB notification databases 2001 to 2006. Main outcome measure was the relative risk of TB in people on dialysis, adjusted for TB incidence in country of birth, sex, age and indigenous status. A total of 6,276 cases of active TB were reported among 19,855,283 people living in Australia between 2001 and 2006. Among 14,506 patients on dialysis, 37 had a notification for TB disease after commencing dialysis, of whom 28 were culture positive. The incidence of TB was 66.8/100,000/year (95% CI 47.7 to 93.2) among people on dialysis and 5.7/100,000/year (95% CI 5.5 to 5.8) in the general population. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of TB in people on dialysis was 7.8 (95% CI 3.3 to 18.7), and the aRR of culture positive TB was 8.6 (95% CI 3.9 to 19.3). Conclusions/Significance Patients on dialysis are at increased risk of TB. The final decision to screen for, and to treat, LTBI in individual dialysis patients will be influenced by a cumulative assessment of the risk of reactivation of TB and by assessment of risk factors for adverse effects of treatment.
Effect of varying filter length on the performance of LMS turbo equalizers

This paper investigates the effect of varying the length of filters on the average bit error rate (BER) of the turbo equalizers. This study is carried out for two typical radio mobile channels for a coded transmission system that uses a recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code as the outer code. The outer code in tandem with the discrete time version of the modulation channel forms a serial concatenation scheme (SCS) through an interleaver. The receiver corresponding to this SC transmitter uses an equalizer and decoder that exchange soft information following the turbo principle. The equalizer is configured as a soft interference canceller (SIC) that consists of two linear filters. Both filters use the stochastic gradient least mean square (LMS) algorithm to update their taps. Our objective is to change the length of the filters and evaluate the performance in terms of average (BER). This study is important as in a time varying mobile channel, equalizers giving acceptable performance with fast convergence properties are required and the length of the filters play a role in determining the convergence.
Seattle, Wa

To determine the relative contraceptive efficacy of a diaphragm used with spermicide as compared to one used without. Two hundred sixteen women entered the study between September 1985 and December 1990. Of these, 84 were randomly assigned to the diaphragm-only group and 80 to the diaphragm-with-spermicide group as their primary method of contraception. In addition, a spermicide-only group was planned originally to serve as a control group to assess the contribution to efficacy made by a spermicide alone. Thirty-nine women were randomly assigned to this group, and 13 selected themselves for it. All were followed for a maximum of 12 months. The primary outcome variable was accidental pregnancy. The statistical difference between the two diaphragm groups was analyzed. The 12-month " typical use " failure rates for the diaphragm-only group were 28.6 per 100 women, and for the diaphragm-with-spermicide group, 21.2. The 12-month cumulative consistent-use failure rates were 19.3 per 100 women for the diaphragm-only group as compared to 12.3 per 100 women for users of a diaphragm with spermicide. Although the consistent use rates were not significantly different, this study had low statistical power and hence gives no support to the hypothesis that adjunctive spermicide use fails to improve the effectiveness of the diaphragm method, especially in view of the magnitude and direction of the difference observed. Unless a study with sufficient power proves that the use of a diaphragm alone is statistically as effective as use of a diaphragm with spermicide, use of a spermicide in conjunction with the diaphragm continues to be the appropriate clinical recommendation. 2. Abstract: The diaphragm is not available in many countries, despite the recommendations of numerous authors that it has important advantages as a woman-controlled method that offers some protection against sexually transmitted diseases, and one that is safe and free of side effects. An interagency team collaborated to introduce the diaphragm in Colombia, the Philippines, and Turkey, using the same protocol to assess the acceptability, service delivery requirements, and use-effectiveness of the method. Eighteen public and private sector service
On Boosting with Polynomially Bounded Distributions

We construct a framework which allows an algorithm to turn the distributions produced by some boosting algorithms into polynomially smooth distributions (w.r.t. the PAC oracle's distribution), with minimal performance loss.Further, we explore the case of Freund and Schapire's AdaBoost algorithm, bounding its distributions to polynomially smooth. The main advantage of AdaBoost over other boosting techniques is that it is adaptive, i.e., it is able to take advantage of weak hypotheses that are more accurate than it was assumed a priori. We show that the feature of adaptiveness is preserved and improved by our technique.Our scheme allows the execution of AdaBoost in the on-line boosting mode (i.e., to perform boosting "by filtering"). Executed this way (and possessing the quality of smoothness), now AdaBoost may be efficiently applied to a wider range of learning problems than before.In particular, we demonstrate AdaBoost's application to the task of DNF learning using membership queries. This application results in an algorithm that chooses the number of boosting iterations adaptively, and, consequently, adaptively chooses the size of the produced final hypothesis. This answers affirmatively a question posed by Jackson.
Three-Dimensional Macronutrient-Associated Fos Expression Patterns in the Mouse Brainstem

Background The caudal brainstem plays an important role in short-term satiation and in the control of meal termination. Meal-related stimuli sensed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are transmitted to the area postrema (AP) via the bloodstream, or to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) via the vagus nerve. Little is known about the encoding of macronutrient-specific signals in the caudal brainstem. We hypothesized that sucrose and casein peptone activate spatially distinct sub-populations of NTS neurons and thus characterized the latter using statistical three-dimensional modeling. Methodology/Principal Findings Using immunolabeling of the proto-oncogene Fos as a marker of neuronal activity, in combination with a statistical three-dimensional modeling approach, we have shown that NTS neurons activated by sucrose or peptone gavage occupy distinct, although partially overlapping, positions. Specifically, when compared to their homologues in peptone-treated mice, three-dimensional models calculated from neuronal density maps following sucrose gavage showed that Fos-positive neurons occupy a more lateral position at the rostral end of the NTS, and a more dorsal position at the caudal end. Conclusion/Significance To our knowledge, this is the first time that subpopulations of NTS neurons have be distinguished according to the spatial organization of their functional response. Such neuronal activity patterns may be of particular relevance to understanding the mechanisms that support the central encoding of signals related to the presence of macronutrients in the GI tract during digestion. Finally, this finding also illustrates the usefulness of statistical three-dimensional modeling to functional neuroanatomical studies.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kualitas Proses Dan Hasil Belajar Kimia Dasar I Dengan Penerapan Metode Inkuiri Terbimbing Dengan Kegiatan Laboratorium Mahasiswa Progdi. Pend. Kimia, Pmipa Fkip Unram, Th 2011/12

Abstak: Penelitian tentang pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan kegiatan laboratorium untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran kimia dasar I mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia FKIP Universitas Mataram. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatan aktivitas pembelajaran mahasiswa, hasil belajar, dan motivasi belajar siswa setelah diberi tindakan pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan kegiatan laboratorium. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada prosedur penelitian tindakan kelas selama 2 siklus yang merupakan siklus dari perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, refleksi, analisis dan evaluasi. Sikus I (prinsip Le Chatelier), siklus II (tetapan kesetimbangan, Kc). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan kegiatan laboratorium pada pengajaran kimia dapat: (1) meningkatkan aktivitas pembelajaran yang secara kuantitatif mencapai 60,33% (siklus 1(1), 68,66% (siklus 1(2) dan 85,33% (siklus 2), (2) meningkatkan prestasi belajar dari 57,19 (siklus 1) hingga 71,20 pada siklus 2, (3) meningkatkan motivasi belajar yang ditunjukkan sebesar 26,2% mahasiswa menyatakan sangat setuju, 63,8% setuju, 7,7 % kurang setuju dan 2,2% tidak setuju. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini bahwa pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing dengan kegiatan laboratorium pada pengajaran kimia dapat meningkatkan aktivitas, motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran inkuiri terbimbing, laboratorium, prinsip Le Chatelier, tetapan kesetimbangan Abstract : Research on guided inquiry learning with laboratory activities to improve the quality of learning basic chemistry I students of Chemistry Education Department the Faculty of Teacher Training Education , University of Mataram . The purpose of this research is to improve student learning activities , learning outcomes , and the motivation to study after being given a guided inquiry learning with laboratory activities. The method used is based on action research procedures in two cycles that the cycle of planning , action , observation , reflection, analysis and evaluation. Sikus I (Le Chatelier's principle ), second cycle (the equilibrium constant, Kc). The results of the study indicate that the guided inquiry learning with laboratory activities can: (1) improve the learning activity quantitatively reached 60.33 % (cycle 1 (1) , 68.66 % (cycle 1 (2) and 85.33 % (cycle 2), (2) improve the learning achievement of 57.19 (cycle 1) to 71.20 in cycle 2 , (3) increase learning motivation demonstrated by 26.2 % of students stated strongly agreed, 63.8 % agree, 7.7 % litle disagree and 2.2 % disagree. Conclusions obtained from this research that guided inquiry learning with laboratory activities can enhance the activity, motivation and student learning outcomes. Keywords : guided inquiry learning, laboratory, Le Chatelier's principle, the equilibrium constant
Estimating Software Quality with Advanced Data Mining Techniques

Current software quality estimation models often involve the use of supervised learning methods for building a software fault prediction models. In such models, dependent variable usually represents a software quality measurement indicating the quality of a module by risk-basked class membership, or the number of faults. Independent variables include various software metrics as McCabe, Error Count, Halstead, Line of Code, etc. In this paper we present the use of advanced tool for data mining called Multimethod on the case of building software fault prediction model. Multimethod combines different aspects of supervised learning methods in dynamical environment and therefore can improve accuracy of generated prediction model. We demonstrate the use Multimethod tool on the real data from the Metrics Data Project Data (MDP) Repository. Our preliminary empirical results show promising potentials of this approach in predicting software quality in a software measurement and quality dataset.
Inmates’ Experiences with Prison Visitation

Prison visitation is an important tool used to strengthen inmates’ social ties and incentivize good behavior in prison. Nevertheless, prison visits do not always go well for inmates, and we know little about why that is. Accordingly, in the current study we examined inmates’ varied experiences with prison visitation. We used data collected from 228 visited inmates who reported on 701 of their adult visitors, and identified whether visits typically made inmates feel guilty, stressed, sad, loved, comforted, and/or supported, and if inmates often argued with their visitors. Results from multilevel models indicated marked variability in inmates’ experiences with visitation, shaped by: who visits, how often they visit, inmates’ pre-prison behaviors, prison life, and demographic factors. These findings suggest that resources for conflict resolution may be needed during visitation, and that family-centric correctional interventions that recognize the variation we have uncovered here might hold promise in maximizing the effectiveness of visitation.
An integrated model to reduce online risks for children

As Malaysian children continue to spend a lot of time online, they are exposed to unknown undesirable experiences. Testing an integrated model of online protection behaviour using three theoretical approaches, namely the parental mediation model (Livingstone, Haddon & Gorzig, 2012); protection motivation theory (Rogers, 1975); and the health belief model (Janz & Becker, 1984; Glanz & Rimer, 2005), this study aims to suggest a way to reduce online risks for children. Online risk to children is measured using a 39-item scale adapted from two national studies in Europe (EU Kids Online; 2006–9) and the US [(Youth Internet Safety Survey-1 (YISS-1), 2000; YISS-2, 2005; YISS-3, 2010)]. A quantitative survey was conducted among 420 school children and one of their respective parents/guardians; structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEMPLS) was applied using SmartPLS (Version 3.2.1) to test the proposed model. The results of this study suggest that children with higher perception of the severity of risks, higher self-efficacy, and who are mediated to a higher degree by their parents, are less exposed to the risks they are encounter online, and that children with higher digital literacy are also more exposed to those risks. Directindirect mediation analyses reveal that those children with a higher perception of the severity of online risks are less at risk if they have higher digital literacy and practice more privacy protection. This study found that the risks categorized in European countries and the US are less common in Malaysia. As predicted, parental mediation strategies were a significant factor in reducing online risks for children as well as children’s Internet self- efficacy. Parents are therefore advised to become more engaged with their children’s Internet use since this study found that the parental mediation reduces the online risk for children. Children need to be advised to improve their Internet self-efficacy and how best to cope with risky situations online. They must be conscious of the possible risks to them and learn how to be safe while using Internet. Hence, as this study suggested if a child’s online protection behaviour occurs in conjunction with parental mediation, children in the Malaysian context would encounter fewer online risks. The results offer a model of Internet risk protection that could not only be practiced by Malaysian families, but also be applied by society, policymakers, and practitioners. There are a number of limitations to this study, such as a lack of definition of online risks and topic sensitivity, both in the Malaysian context. Overall, the modified model proposed in this study was confirmed. However,further investigation is required in order to classify online risks to children and offer more solutions to reducing the online risks faced by Malaysian children.