Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving software modularization via automated analysis of latent topics and dependencies

Oftentimes, during software maintenance the original program modularization decays, thus reducing its quality. One of the main reasons for such architectural erosion is suboptimal placement of source-code classes in software packages. To alleviate this issue, we propose an automated approach to help developers improve the quality of software modularization. Our approach analyzes underlying latent topics in source code as well as structural dependencies to recommend (and explain) refactoring operations aiming at moving a class to a more suitable package. The topics are acquired via Relational Topic Models (RTM), a probabilistic topic modeling technique. The resulting tool, coined as R3 (Rational Refactoring via RTM), has been evaluated in two empirical studies. The results of the first study conducted on nine software systems indicate that R3 provides a coupling reduction from 10% to 30% among the software modules. The second study with 62 developers confirms that R3 is able to provide meaningful recommendations (and explanations) for move class refactoring. Specifically, more than 70% of the recommendations were considered meaningful from a functional point of view.
A 64Mb MRAM with clamped-reference and adequate-reference schemes

In order to realize a sub-Giga bit scale NVRAM, the novel MRAM based on the spin-transfer-torque (STT) switching has been intensively investigated due to its excellent scalability compared with a conventional magnetic field induce switching MRAM [1]. However, the memory cell size of STT-MRAM reported so far is still over 1µm2, and the memory capacity is limited to 32Mbit even in almost 100mm2 die size [2]. The large cell size is due to the large switching current of MRAM cells. In order to reduce the cell size, we have proposed the perpendicular tunnel magnetoresistance (P-TMR) device, and have confirmed its high potential to achieve lower switching current [3]. In this paper, a 64Mb STTMRAM with the P-TMR device having the circuit techniques to maximize operational margin is described.
Golput Pasca Orde Baru: Merekonstruksi Ulang Dua Perspektif

The non-voter phenomenon has been generating the controversial perspectives from The New Order to the Post-New Order. This paper discusses two important things: the non-voter based on the political movement perspective and political behavior perspective. First, the non-voter phenomenon has been capitalized by political actors as a political instrument to oppose the political regime. Second, according to political behaviorist science perspective, the non-voter has been analyzing as part of political behavior in national or local election event.
An Epigenetic Role for Maternally Inherited piRNAs in Transposon Silencing

In plants and mammals, small RNAs indirectly mediate epigenetic inheritance by specifying cytosine methylation. We found that small RNAs themselves serve as vectors for epigenetic information. Crosses between Drosophila strains that differ in the presence of a particular transposon can produce sterile progeny, a phenomenon called hybrid dysgenesis. This phenotype manifests itself only if the transposon is paternally inherited, suggesting maternal transmission of a factor that maintains fertility. In both P- and I-element–mediated hybrid dysgenesis models, daughters show a markedly different content of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) targeting each element, depending on their parents of origin. Such differences persist from fertilization through adulthood. This indicates that maternally deposited piRNAs are important for mounting an effective silencing response and that a lack of maternal piRNA inheritance underlies hybrid dysgenesis.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MATEMATIKA MELALUIMEDIA PERMAINAN KARTU BERHITUNGBAGI ANAK TUNA GRAHITA RINGANKELAS IV SLB NEGERIKOTAGAJAH

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan media permainan kartu untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika anak tunagrahita ringan Kelas IV C SLBN Nambah Rejo, Kecamatan Kotagajah, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV C SLBN Nambah Rejo, Kecamatan Kotagajah, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Propinsi Lampung. Banyaknya siswa yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 6 siswa. Teknik pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan metode test. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji diskriptif komparatif dibantu dengan grafik dan diagram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media permainan kartu dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika bagi anak tunagrahita ringan. Nilai rata-rata awal siswa tunagrahita Kelas IV C SLBN Nambah Rejo, Kecamatan Kotagajah, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah pada mata pelajaran Matematika adalah sebesar 42,50. Setelah dilakukan tindakan kelas pertama (siklus I) nilai rata-rata siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematika menjadi 65,83. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan nilai rata-rata sebesar 55,09%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan kelas kedua (siklus II) nilai rata-rata siswa pada mata pelajaran Matematikan meningkat menjadi 72,50. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kenaikan nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 68,52%.
Long-term prescription of beta-blocker delays the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension: A retrospective observational cohort study

Background Hypertension complicated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction is one of the most common risks for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This study was designed to evaluate the influences of long-term beta-blocker prescription in these patients. Methods This retrospective analysis included eligible patients diagnosed with hypertension, LVH (left ventricular (LV) mass index >125 g/m2 for men and >110 g/m2 for women) and suspected diastolic dysfunction (E/E’ ratio between 8 and 15) and without clinical signs or symptoms of heart failure in our hospital medical record database (January 2005–December 2009). A total of eligible 1498 patients were enrolled, of whom 803 received beta-blocker prescription and 695 accepted non-beta-blocker therapy. Results With a median follow-up of 7.2 years, the new-onset symptomatic HFpEF occurred in 48 of 803 patients in the beta-blocker group (6.0%) and 92 of 695 patients in the non-beta-blocker group (13.2%, p < 0.001). Beta-blockers also generated more prominent improvement in diastolic function and LVH. And Cox proportional hazards model revealed that beta-blocker (hazard ratio (HR) 0.327, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.121–0.540, p = 0.009) or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (ACEI/ARB) exposure (HR 0.422, 95% CI: 0.210–0.699, p = 0.015) was associated with a reduced risk of new onset of symptomatic HFpEF, and the elevation of LVMI (HR 1.210, 95% CI: 1.069–1.362, p = 0.040) or E/E’ (HR 1.398, 95% CI: 1.306–1.541, p = 0.032) was associated with a high risk of new onset of symptomatic HFpEF. Conclusions Long-term beta-blocker exposure was associated with protective effects in terms of the incidence of new-onset symptomatic HFpEF, LV diastolic dysfunction and LVH, which might be beneficial for the delay of HFpEF progression.
Context-Specific Independence in Directed Relational Probabilistic Models and its Influence on the Efficiency of Gibbs Sampling

There is currently a large interest in relational probabilistic models. While the concept of context-specific independence (CSI) has been well-studied for models such as Bayesian networks, this is not the case for relational probabilistic models. In this paper we show that directed relational probabilistic models often exhibit CSI by identifying three different sources of CSI in such models (two of which are inherent to the relational character of the models). It is known that CSI can be used to speed up probabilistic inference. In this paper we show how to do this in a general way for approximate inference based on Gibbs sampling. We perform experiments on real-world data to analyze the influence of the three different types of CSI. The results show that exploiting CSI yields speedups of up to an order of magnitude.
A Framework for Connection

What is a matrix characterization? We give a formal answer to this question by the deenition of matrix systems. They provide a framework in which all major existing matrix characterizations can be presented uniformly and also support the development of new ones. We describe how to develop a matrix characterization from a sequent calculus. Once a matrix characterization exists, a close relation to possible world semantics supports the development of such semantics for a logic.
Extraction of a representative tile from a near-periodic texture

Near-periodic textures are all around us, in brick walls, fabrics, mosaics, and many other manifestations. They are made up of a basic motif, which can be extracted, yielding a small image known as a tile. In particular, such textures are used in 3D scenes in virtual environments like games. However, the memory allocated for textures on a video card is limited. Generating texture by tiling allows scenes to be rendered in a realistic manner while using very little memory. This paper presents a simple method for extracting a representative tile from a near-periodic texture, working from a photo. The period of the texture is calculated to determine the size of the tile. Then the representative tile is chosen based on two criteria: avoiding color discontinuities at the junction of tiles, and recreating a texture that is as faithful as possible to the original.
Area-based gossip multicast

This paper presents areacast, a dynamic, area-based gossip multicast that enables a node to multicast messages only to nodes with a shared interest. This multicast can be used in multiplayer games where players want to send position updates, that is information that they have moved in the virtual game world, to players that reside close to them in the game world. As nodes continuously change their position the set of nodes in their neighborhood changes, too. areacast is able to handle this dynamism in a truly peer-to-peer fashion as each node keeps track of its current neighbors detecting new neighbors very fast. We evaluate our approach using game simulations where players either walk randomly in the game field or flock to a few hotspots. The results show that areacast is able to disseminate messages very fast to neighbors while not overloading the network.
Efficient Implementation of Anisotropic Vector Preisach-Type Models Using Coupled Step Functions

Anisotropic vector hysteresis models are important tools for the accurate simulation of multi-dimensional field-media interactions. This paper presents a computationally efficient vector Preisach-type model for media exhibiting uniaxial anisotropy. The model is constructed from two scalar models having orthogonally inter-related elementary operators. Such model is implemented via two linear neural networks fed from the outputs of discrete Hopfield neural network blocks having step activation functions. Details of the model, its identification, and simulation results are presented in the paper
Constrainable Multigrid for Cloth

We present a new technique which can handle both point and sliding constraints in the multigrid (MG) framework. Although the MG method can theoretically perform as fast as O(N), the development of a clothing simulator based on the MG method calls for solving an important technical challenge: handling the constraints. Resolving constrains has been difficult in MG because there has been no clear way to transfer the constraints existing in the finest level mesh to the coarser level meshes. This paper presents a new formulation based on soft constraints, which can coarsen the constraints defined in the finest level to the coarser levels. Experiments are performed which show that the proposed method can solve the linear system up to 4–9 times faster in comparison with the modified preconditioned conjugate gradient method (MPCG) without quality degradation. The proposed method is easy to implement and can be straightforwardly applied to existing clothing simulators which are based on implicit time integration.
Does Alcohol Consumption Exacerbate the Mental Health Consequences of Interpersonal Violence?

Although studies show that interpersonal violence is associated with poorer mental health, few studies specify the conditions under which victimization can be more or less detrimental to psychological well-being. Building on previous research, the authors test whether the association between interpersonal violence and psychological distress is moderated by alcohol consumption. Our analysis of longitudinal data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project suggests that interpersonal violence is more strongly associated with psychological distress in the context of more frequent intoxication. Programs designed to treat the combination of victimization and heavy alcohol consumption may make unique contributions to the well-being of women.
Conservative Treatment of Penile Melanoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Melanomas of the penis are highly aggressive malignant tumors. We report on a patient with a lesion confined to the prepuce and with clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes, treated conservatively. The patient underwent wide local excision (WLE) for treatment and histological diagnosis. Treatment of the inguinal region in patients with penile melanoma remains controversial, since the incidence of metastatic disease in those with early pathologicalstage disease is significantly lower. Since our patient presented penile melanoma pathological stage T2a (depth 1.9 mm, without ulceration), we chose to use pre-operative lymphoscintigraphy, intra-operative lymph node mapping, and sentinel node biopsy to evaluate inguinal metastatic involvement. Frozen sections in an excised right sentinel node were negative, and no adjuvant treatment was performed. WLE provided effective local control of the penile tumor, and the patient remains under postoperative surveillance.
Novel Agents and Emerging Strategies for Targeting the B-Cell Receptor Pathway in CLL

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease of malignant CD5+ B lymphocytes that are characterized by frequent expression of autoreactive B-cell receptors (BCRs) and marked dependence on microenvironmental signals for proliferation and survival. Among the latter, signals propagated through the BCR are believed to play a key role in leukemia initiation, maintenance and evolution. Drugs that can disrupt these signals have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents in CLL and several of them are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Particularly promising clinical responses have been obtained with inhibitors of the kinases SYK, BTK, and PI3Kδ, which function by blocking BCR signal transduction. In addition, recent studies focusing on the phosphatase PTPN22, which is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases and is markedly overexpressed in CLL cells, suggest that it may be possible in the future to develop strategies that will selectively reprogram BCR survival signals into signals that induce leukemic cell death. This review focuses on the biological basis behind these strategies and highlights some of the most promising BCR-targeting agents in ongoing preclinical and clinical studies.
An Evolutionary Approach to Formation Control with Mobile Robots

The field of swarm robotics studies multi-robot systems, emphasising decentralised and self-organising behaviours that deal with limited individual abilities, local sensing and local communication. A robotic system needs to be flexible to environmental changes, robust to failure and scalable to large groups. These desired features can be achieved through collective behaviours such as aggregation, synchronisation, coordination and exploration. We aim to analyse these emerging behaviours by applying an evolutionary approach to a specific robotic system, called the Kilobot, in order to learn behaviours. If successful, not only would the cost and computation time for evolutionary computation in mobile robotics decrease, but the reality-gap could also
Applicability of group communication for increased scalability in MMOGs

Massive multiplayer online games (MMOGs) are today the driving factor for the development of distributed interactive applications, and they are increasing in size and complexity. Even a small MMOG supports thousands of players, the biggest support hundreds of thousands of concurrent players. Since they are typically built as strict client-server systems, they suffer from the inherent scalability problem of the architecture. Computing power and bandwidth limitations close to the server limit the possible number of players. Also, the latency of communication between players through the server will be higher than using direct communication. In the paper, we address these issues and investigate improvement options. A typical MMOG consists of a virtual world with a concept of time and space that is similar to the real world. In it, players are represented by avatars. Only subsets of these avatars interact with each other at any given time. This allows us to divide them into groups, and communication among group members becomes a multi-party communication problem. Thus, to reduce resource consumption, we compare the performance of several algorithms for group communication with the current central server approach. We use overlay multicast as the means of providing group communication, and research algorithms for creating shortest path trees, spanning trees, delay-bounded spanning trees and, more specific, applying Steiner tree heuristics. Our experimental results indicate that different approaches are useful to reduce resource consumption while achieving a good perceived quality under varying conditions, such as frequent changes in group membership and the demand for low latency.
Self-organization of the Student Body: Social Order and Realities

The paper presents an analysis of methods of the creation of student associations on the basis of self-organization, which is an opportunity for young people to correct and develop the personal potential within educational institutions. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of self-organization process through the analysis of student association's life, the assessment of real practices on the development of self-organizing processes by student associations, revealing contradictions and conditions "hindering" the development of this process in educational institutions. As a result, it was found that the correlation of personal qualities of the students, the community of participation motifs and the community of the value base for the organization of a productive life activity of the association can be attributed to them. The highlighted regulations are the basis and guidelines of building effective work of the relevant departments and services of the university. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015. v6n5s1p502
Improved Rodent Contour Extraction Using A Priori Shape Information

We propose a method for automatically setting the foreground detection threshold implicit in background subtraction algorithms by measuring the similarity be-tween the shape of a detected foreground region and a set of reference contours over a range of thresholds, and selecting the threshold that maximises this similarity measure. This method is shown to select appropriate thresholds for a range of unseen video frames.
Non-Linearly Embedded Visual Tracking

Many difficult visual problems like monocular human tracking require complex heuristic generative models defined over high-dimensional parameter spaces. Despite their successes, optimization with such models remains notori- ously complex due to the difficulty of flexibly using prior knowledge in order to reshape an initially designed representation space. Non-linearities, inherent spar- sity of high-dimensional training sets and lack of global continuity makes dimen- sionality reduction challenging and low-dimensional search inefficient. To ad- dress these problems, we present a sampling-based optimization framework that restricts tracking to low-dimensional spaces via non-linear embedding. The for- mulation leads to a layered generative model where global continuous optimiza- tion over the embedded manifold is made possible. Our prior flattening method allows a simple analytic treatment of boundary and manifold intrinsic curvature constraints and allows consistent iterative and closed-form solutions for embed- ded geodesic and sequence smoothing calculations. We analyze the structure of reduced manifold representations for a variety of human interaction activities and demonstrate that the approach gives accurate tracking and reconstruction of fast self-occluded motion in cluttered monocular video.
Five-dimensional gauged supergravity black holes with independent rotation parameters

We construct new nonextremal rotating black hole solutions in SO(6) gauged five-dimensional supergravity. Our solutions are the first such examples in which the two rotation parameters are independently specifiable, rather than being set equal. The black holes carry charges for all three of the gauge fields in the U(1){sup 3} subgroup of SO(6), albeit with only one independent charge parameter. We discuss the BPS limits, showing that these include the first examples of regular supersymmetric black holes with independent angular momenta in gauged supergravity. We also find nonsingular BPS solitons. Finally, we obtain another independent class of new rotating nonextremal black hole solutions with just one nonvanishing rotation parameter, and one nonvanishing charge.
Reduced gap junctional coupling leads to uncorrelated motor neuron firing and precocious neuromuscular synapse elimination

During late embryonic and early postnatal life, neuromuscular junctions undergo synapse elimination that is modulated by patterns of motor neuron activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that reduced spinal neuron gap junctional coupling decreases temporally correlated motor neuron activity that, in turn, modulates neuromuscular synapse elimination, by using mutant mice lacking connexin 40 (Cx40), a developmentally regulated gap junction protein expressed in motor and other spinal neurons. In Cx40−/− mice, electrical coupling among lumbar motor neurons, measured by whole-cell recordings, was reduced, and single motor unit recordings in awake, behaving neonates showed that temporally correlated motor neuron activity was also reduced. Immunostaining and intracellular recording showed that the neuromuscular synapse elimination was accelerated in muscles from Cx40−/− mice compared with WT littermates. Our work shows that gap junctional coupling modulates neuronal activity patterns that, in turn, mediate synaptic competition, a process that shapes synaptic circuitry in the developing brain.