Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault Detection System Activated by Failure Information

We propose a fault detection system activated by an application when the application recognizes the occurrence of a failure, in order to realize self managing systems that automatically find the source of a failure. In existing detection systems, there are three issues for constructing self managing applications: i) the detection results are not sent to the applications, ii) they can not identify the source failure from all of the detected failures, and iii) configuring the detection system for networked system is hard work. For overcoming these issues, the proposed system takes three approaches: i) the system receives failure information from an application and returns a result set to the application, ii) the system identifies the source failure using relationships among errors, and Hi) the system obtains information of the monitored system from a database. The relationship is expressed by a tree. This tree is called error relationship tree. The database provides information which are system entities such as hardware devices, software object, and network topology. When the proposed system starts looking for the source of a failure, causal relations from an error relation tree are referred to, and the correspondence of error definitions and actual objects is derived using the database. We show the design of the detection operation activated by the failure information and the architecture of the proposed system.
Point pattern matching based visual global localization using ceiling lights

This paper proposes a new system for point pattern matching based visual global localization using spot lightings in ceiling. The proposed algorithm is suitable for system that demands high localization accuracy and fast update rate such as a service guide robot in the exhibition or fair. A single camera looking upward direction is mounted on the head of the mobile robot, and spot lighting positions are detected by thresholding and identification process. For detecting more spot lightings, we choose wide FOV lens, and inevitably there is serious image distortion. But by applying correction calculation only for the positions of spot lightings not whole image pixels, we can decrease the processing time. And then using point pattern matching and least square estimation, finally we can get the precise position and orientation of the mobile robot. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and update rate of the proposed algorithm in real environments.
Regulation of Small RNA Accumulation in the Maize Shoot Apex

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) are essential to the establishment of adaxial–abaxial (dorsoventral) leaf polarity. Tas3-derived ta-siRNAs define the adaxial side of the leaf by restricting the expression domain of miRNA miR166, which in turn demarcates the abaxial side of leaves by restricting the expression of adaxial determinants. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms that allow for the precise spatiotemporal accumulation of these polarizing small RNAs, we used laser-microdissection coupled to RT-PCR to determine the expression profiles of their precursor transcripts within the maize shoot apex. Our data reveal that the pattern of mature miR166 accumulation results, in part, from intricate transcriptional regulation of its precursor loci and that only a subset of mir166 family members contribute to the establishment of leaf polarity. We show that miR390, an upstream determinant in leaf polarity whose activity triggers tas3 ta-siRNA biogenesis, accumulates adaxially in leaves. The polar expression of miR390 is established and maintained independent of the ta-siRNA pathway. The comparison of small RNA localization data with the expression profiles of precursor transcripts suggests that miR166 and miR390 accumulation is also regulated at the level of biogenesis and/or stability. Furthermore, mir390 precursors accumulate exclusively within the epidermal layer of the incipient leaf, whereas mature miR390 accumulates in sub-epidermal layers as well. Regulation of miR390 biogenesis, stability, or even discrete trafficking of miR390 from the epidermis to underlying cell layers provide possible mechanisms that define the extent of miR390 accumulation within the incipient leaf, which patterns this small field of cells into adaxial and abaxial domains via the production of tas3-derived ta-siRNAs.
Extended baum-welch reestimation of Gaussian mixture models based on reverse Jensen inequality

In this paper we derive the well known EBW reestimation formulae for Gaussian mixture models using the recently proposed reverse Jensen inequality. In addition to the simplicity of the derivation, it leads to closed form expressions for the D of each Gaussian in the mixture. Using some approximations, it is shown that the expressions can be reduced to the popular formula of [8] with a Gaussian dependent step size. The average of the normalized distance used in calculating the step size is empirically veriﬁed to be very close to one. Hence, the proposed formula leads to a global value very close to 3. The obtained results are validated in experiments on large vocabulary speech recognition.
Facial Reflectance Measurements from Single Images using Shape-from-shading

In this paper we show how to estimate facial surface reflectance properties (a slice of the BRDF and the albedo) in conjunction with facial shape from a single image. We show how an estimate of the surface reflectance function can be made by fitting a curve to the scattered and noisy reflectance samples provided by the estimated shape. We present a novel statistical face shape constraint which we term ‘model-based integrability’ which we enforce on the field of surface normals. We iteratively interleave the two processes of estimating reflectance properties based on the current shape estimate and updating the shape estimate based on the current estimate of the reflectance function. We show that the method is capable of recovering accurate shape and reflectance information from single images using both synthetic and real world imagery.
Lazy and incremental program generation

Current program generators usually operate in a greedy manner in the sense that a program must be generated in its entirety before it can be used. If generation time is scarce, or if the input to the generator is subject to modification, it may be better to be more cautious and to generate only those parts of the program that are indispensable for processing the particular data at hand. We call this lazy program generation. Another, closely related strategy is incremental program generation. When its input is modified, an incremental generator will try to make a corresponding modification in its output rather than generate a completely new program. It may be advantageous to use a combination of both strategies in program generators that have to operate in a highly dynamic and/or interactive environment.
Continuous time regime switching model applied to foreign exchange rate

Modified Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model is employed, combining with Hamilton (1989) type Markov regime switching framework, to study foreign exchange rates, where all parameter values depend on the value of a continuous time Markov chain. Basing on real data of some foreign exchange rates, the Expectation-Maximization algorithm is extended to this more general model and it is applied to calibrate all parameters. We compare the obtained results regarding to results obtained with non regime switching models and notice that our results match much better the reality than the others without Markov switching. Furthermore, we illustrate our model on various foreign exchange rate data and clarify some significant eco- nomic time periods in which financial or economic crisis appeared, thus, regime switching obtained.
Global communications in Moderately Open Multi-Agent Systems

In this work we defined the global communication method in moderately open multi-agent system (MOMAS). In the MOMAS model, the communication among agents is based on the shared environment and message-passing. In this work we defined the global communication methods by means of social estate. We introduce a denotational semantics for a simple ACL. The agent communication language consists of a standardized set of messages. The semantics of the language is defined in a constructive denotational way. There is a large class of systems with reactive components that can benefit from our model; for example, monitoring and control systems, telecommuting services and e-commerce systems.
Fairness, incentives and performance in peer-to-peer networks

In this paper we consider the sensitivity of the ‘service capacity’ of peer to peer (P2P) file sharing applications to demands, user cooperation, and providing incentives for cooperation through fairness guarantees. To do so we propose models for both the steady state performance and the transient characteristics of the system. Both are of interest since, from the perspective of a given file, demands are prone to be initially bursty, e.g., flash crowds, and subsequently be roughly ‘stationary. ’ We will show that P2P systems can be exceptionally responsive to bursty demands by increasing their service capacity exponentially, while exhibiting nice performance scaling to the offered loads during stationary regimes. We also study system characteristics associated with various fairness criteria. We provide partial validation of our models and conclusions based on traces obtained from a second generation P2P application.
Uji Validitas Konstruk Alat Ukur Ucla Loneliness Scale Version 3

Abstract UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 is a most used measurement to detect loneliness. The aim of this study was to testing construct validity from UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3. Data collected from 170 adolescent from a certain orphanage in South Tangerang. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to analyze data using Lisrel 8.7 software. Result showed that some of UCLA Lonelines Scale Version 3 item s was measuring more than one factor. Abstrak UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 merupakan salah satu alat ukur yang popular dan paling banyak digunakan dalam mendeteksi perasaan kesepian. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji validitas konstruk dari alat ukur tersebut . Data yang digunakan adalah data yang diperoleh dari 170 remaja pada salah satu p anti a suhan di Tangerang Selatan . Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dengan bantuan software Lisrel 8.7. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa terdapat beberapa item dalam UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3 yang mengukur lebih dari satu faktor.
High-frequency Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: More or Less?

Deep-brain stimulation at high frequency is now considered the most effective neurosurgical therapy for movement disorders. An electrode is chronically implanted in a particular area of the brain and, when continuously stimulated, it significantly alleviates motor symptoms. In Parkinson's disease, common target nuclei of high-frequency stimulation (HFS) are ventral thalamic nuclei and basal ganglia nuclei, such as the internal segment of the pallidum and the subthalamic nucleus (STN), with a preference for the STN in recent years. Two fundamental mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the beneficial effects of HFS: silencing or excitation of STN neu-rons. Relying on recent experimental data, we suggest that both are instrumental: HFS switches off a pathological disrupted activity in the STN (a 'less' mechanism) and imposes a new type of discharge in the upper gamma-band frequency that is endowed with beneficial effects (a 'more' mechanism). The intrinsic capacity of basal ganglia and particular STN neurons to generate oscillations and shift rapidly from a physiological to a pathogenic pattern is pivotal in the operation of these circuits in health and disease. Introduction Chronic high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the brain, also referred as to deep-brain stimulation, is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of movement disorders. In the case of Parkinson's disease, which results from the degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, HFS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) (Figure 1) is now a widely used neurosurgical therapy because it markedly improves motor symptoms (brady-kinesia, rigidity and tremor) and reduces medication needs [1–3]. The ideal candidate patient for HFS should have a preserved good L-dopa response but long-term treatment side effects, such as motor fluctuations and dyski-nesias. Congruently, dopaminergic medication can be reduced up to 50% during STN-HFS. In both patients and animal models of Parkinson's disease, STN neurons have a pathological activity characterized by loss of specificity in receptive fields, irregular discharge with a tendency towards bursting, and abnormal synchronization [4–8].
Cross-Border Mergers and National Champions in an Integrating Economy

We introduce a simple oligopolistic trade model with international transportation costs, and analyze the profitability and the social desirability of national vs. international mergers in relation to three different issues, (i) the level of trade freeness, (ii) the possibility of rent appropriation on world markets, and (iii) direct “synergy” effects of mergers. Cross-border M&A is privately and socially more attractive than domestic mergers. National competition policy may be too permissive towards M&A, because it does not take into account the negative impact of decreasing competition on world consumer surplus. We also discuss the normative implications of “national champions”. The promotion of national mergers can be in the interest of individual countries if rent extraction possibilities are strong enough, but global welfare is adversely affected.
Calypso : An Environment for Reliable Distributed Parallel Processing y

The importance of adapting networks of workstations for use as parallel processing platforms is well established. However, current solutions do not always satisfactorily address important issues that exist in real networks. External factors like the sharing of resources, unpredictable behavior of the network and machines including slowdowns and failures, are present in multiuser networks and cause poor performance. In using todays available toolkits for distributed programming, in general, the responsibility of handling these external factors is left to the programmer, a task that further complicates the development of an already di cult job of parallel programming on distributed systems. Calypso is a prototype software system for writing and executing parallel programs on nondedicated platforms, using CommercialO -The-Shelf (COTS) networked workstations, operating systems, and compilers. Among notable properties of the system are: (1) simple programming paradigm incorporating shared memory constructs, (2) separation of the program and the execution parallelism to allow programs to scale as computers join an ongoing computation, (3) transparent utilization of unreliable shared resources by providing dynamic load balancing and fault tolerance, and (4) e ective performance for large classes of coarse-grained computations. In this paper we introduce Calypso, present its goals, and describe the design and the implementation of the current prototype. We also report on our initial experiments and performance results in settings that closely resemble the dynamic behavior of a \real" network. Under varying work-load conditions, resource availability and process failures, the e ciency of our test program ranged from 94% to 87% on ve networked workstations, obtaining close to optimal speedups|highly competitive with systems that are less robust. This research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers CCR-94-11590, and CCR-95-05519. A short preliminary version of this paper has appeared in Proc. 4th IEEE Intl. Symp. on High Performance Distributed Computing, August 1995. Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer St., New York, NY 10012-1185, (212) 998-3350, baratloo@cs.nyu. edu. Department of Computer Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5406, (602) 965-5583, partha@cs.eas. asu.edu. Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer St., New York, NY 10012-1185, (212) 998-3101, kedem@cs.nyu. edu.
Chapter 2 Replication Techniques for Availability

The chapter studies how to provide clients with access to a replicated object that is logically indistinguishable from accessing a single yet highly available object. We study this problem under two different models. In the first, we assume that failures can be detected accurately. In the second we drop this assumption, making the model more realistic but also significantly more challenging. Under the first model, we present the primary-backup and chain replication techniques. Under the second model, we present techniques based on voting. We conclude with a discussion on reconfiguration.
Effect of Cilia Beat Frequency on Muco-ciliary Clearance

Background: The airway surface liquid (ASL), which is a ﬂuid layer coating the interior epithelial surface of the bronchi and bronchiolesis, plays an important defensive role against foreign particles and chemicals entering lungs. Objective: Numerical investigation has been employed to solve two-layer model consisting of mucus layer as a viscoelastic fluid and periciliary liquid layer as a Newtonian fluid to study the effects of cilia beat frequency (CBF) at various amounts of mucus properties on muco-ciliary transport problem. Methods: Hybrid finite difference-lattice Boltzmann-method (FB-LBM) has been used to solve the momentum equations and to simulate cilia forces, and also the PCL-mucus interface more accurately, immersed boundary method (IBM) has been employed. The main contribution of the current study is to use an Oldroyd-B model as the constitutive equation of mucus. Results: Our results show that increasing CBF and decreasing mucus viscosity ratio have great effects on mucus flow, but the effect of viscosity ratio is more significant. The results also illustrate that the relation between cilia beat frequency and mean mucus velocity is almost linear and it has similar behavior at different values of viscosity ratio. Conclusion: Numerical investigation based on hybrid IB-FD-LBM has been used to study the effect of CBF at various mounts of mucus viscosity ratio on the muco-ciliary clearance. The results showed that the effect of viscosity ratio on the muco-ciliary transport process is more significant compared with CBF.
Node Replication Attack in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks : A survey

The emerging Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has many security issues due to its unattended nature. Node Replication Attack is a kind of application independent attack in which an adversary deploys its own inexpensive sensor nodes in the network as legitimate sensor nodes. Significant Wireless Sensor Network Applications are object tracking and military surveillance are affected by this attack. Existing researches on detection of the node replication attack are discussed in this survey. Keywords: Wireless sensor Networks, Active attacks, node replication attacks, security threats 1. Introduction A Wireless Sensor Network consists of number of small, inexpensive resource constrained sensor nodes. Since it is deployed in unattended environment, security is a crucial task. The [3]adversary can easily capture the credentials of the node and use them for various malicious Dr. G. Padmavathi, Ms. L.S. Sindhuja, The International Journal of Computer Science & Applications (TIJCSA) ISSN – 2278-­‐1080, Vol. 2 No. 04 June 2013
Adverse selection, public information, and underpricing in new issues

This paper shows that favorable public information ahead of the IPO reduces investor heterogeneity and hence reduces the adverse selection problem facing lesser-informed investors, and that this induces the issuer to price the issue more conservatively in the sense of pricing it so that the quality of the marginal investor is lower. As a result, initial returns may be higher in issues preceded by favorable public information than in issues preceded by unfavorable information. This implication is consistent with empirical evidence that issuers only partially incorporate public information into the IPO price. The model is also consistent with recent empirical evidence of zero excess returns to uninformed investors in issues preceded by favorable public information and negative excess returns in issues preceded by unfavorable public information. JEL Classification: G10, G32.
Starburst Galaxies: Why the Calzetti Dust Extinction Law?

The empirical reddening function for starburst galaxies generated by Calzetti and her coworkers has proved very successful and is now used widely in the observational literature. Despite its success, however, the physical basis for this extinction law, or more correctly, attenuation law remains weak. Here we provide a physical explanation for the Calzetti law based on a turbulent interstellar medium. In essence, this provides a lognormal distribution of column densities, giving a wide range of column densities in the dusty foreground screen. Therefore, extended sources such as starburst regions or H II regions seen through it suffer a point-to-point stochastic extinction and reddening. Regions of high column densities are "black" in the UV but translucent in the IR, which leads to a flatter extinction law and a larger value of the total to selective extinction, RV. We fit the Calzetti law and infer that the variance σ of the lognormal distribution lies in the range 0.6 ≤ σ ≤ 2.2. The absolute to selective extinction RV is found to be in the range 4.3-5.2 consistent with RV = 4.05 ± 0.80 of the Calzetti law.
Toward a Fault-Tolerance Framework for COTS Many-Core Systems

Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) many-core processors offer the performance needed for computational-intensive safety-critical real-time applications such as autonomous driving. However, these consumer-grade many-core processors are increasingly susceptible to faults because of their highly integrated design. In this paper, we present a fault-tolerance framework that eases the usage of COTS many-core processors for safety-critical applications. Our framework employs an adaptable software-based fault-tolerance mechanism that combines N Modular Redundancy (NMR) with a repair process and a rejuvenating round robin voting scheme. A Stochastic Activity Network (SAN) model of the fault-tolerance mechanism allows the framework to adapt the parameters of the mechanism such that a specified target availability is achieved with minimum overhead. Experiments on a cycle-accurate simulator empirically prove the correctness of the SAN model and evaluate the overhead of the framework.
Does Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Protection Affect US Exports and FDI?

Several previous studies have examined the relationship between intellectual property rights (IPR) protection, exports, and FDI independently. However, very few prior analyses jointly examined the linkages between IPR protection and multiple modes of international transactions. This paper investigates how foreign IPR protection affects how US firms jointly serve overseas markets through exports and FDI. Using both static pooled regressions and a dynamic panel GMM estimator on a panel data of 53 countries, we examine whether stronger foreign IPR protection stimulates US international transactions. The empirical results suggest that foreign countries that strengthen their IPR protection, especially those with strong imitative ability, can attract more international transactions from the USA.