Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doing it Differently: Engaging Interview Participants with Imaginative Variation

Abstract The phenomenological technique of imaginative variation was identified by Husserl (1936/1970) as conducive to elucidating the manner in which phenomena appear to consciousness. In brief, by engaging in the phenomenological reduction and using imaginative variation, phenomenologists are able to describe the experience of consciousness, having stepped outside of the natural attitude through the epoché. Imaginative variation is a stage aimed at explicating the structures of experience more distinctively, and is best described as a mental experiment. Features of the experience are imaginatively altered in order to view the phenomenon under investigation from varying perspectives. Husserl envisaged this process as ultimately definitive of the essential elements of an experience, as only those aspects that are invariant to the experience of the phenomenon will not be able to change through the variation. Often in qualitative research interviews, participants struggle to articulate or verbalise their experiences. The purpose of this paper is to present a radically novel way of using imaginative variation as an interview technique by engaging the participants in imaginative variation in order to elicit a richly detailed and insightful experiential account of a phenomenon. We will discuss how the first author successfully used imaginative variation in this way in her study of the erotic experience of bondage, discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism (BDSM), before considering the usefulness of this technique when applied to areas of study beyond human sexuality.
CVSSA: Cross-Architecture Vulnerability Search in Firmware Based on Support Vector Machine and Attributed Control Flow Graph

Nowadays, an increasing number of IoT vendors have complied and deployed third-party code bases across different architectures. Therefore, to avoid the firmware from being affected by the same known vulnerabilities, searching known vulnerabilities in binary firmware across different architectures is more crucial than ever. However, most of existing vulnerability search methods are limited to the same architecture, there are only a few researches on cross-architecture cases, of which the accuracy is not high. In this paper, to promote the accuracy of existing cross-architecture vulnerability search methods, we propose a new approach based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Attributed Control Flow Graph (ACFG) to search known vulnerability in firmware across different architectures at function level. We employ a known vulnerability function to recognize suspicious functions in other binary firmware. First, considering from the internal and external characteristics of the functions, we extract the function level features and basic-block level features of the functions to be inspected. Second, we employ SVM to recognize a little part of suspicious functions based on function level features. After the preliminary screening, we compute the graph similarity between the vulnerability function and suspicious functions based on their ACFGs. We have implemented our approach CVSSA, and employed the training samples to train the model with previous knowledge to improve the accuracy. We also search several vulnerabilities in the real-world firmware images, the experimental results show that CVSSA can be applied to the realistic scenarios.
People, Places, and Perspectives: An Exploration of the Contextual Effects on Gender Work Role Attitudes

This research examines possible contextual effects upon gender role attitudes in the United States related to women's employment outside ofthe household. The study included individual-level data, mother's previous work status and mother's educational attainment, not previously analyzed in a hierarchical linear model and state-level data not previously investigated, particularly state median household income. The primary analyses focus upon the contextual effects of state-level educational attainment and income. Analyzing General Social Survey data from 1994 to 2002, these contextual data were not found to have an effect upon the gender work role beliefs. In fact, none of the examined state-level variables were statistically significant in detecting contextual effects. These findings contradict earlier research, which found the proportion of religious fundamentalists within a state to have a contextual effect upon gender role attitudes.
Reliability Measures of a Computer System with Priority for Repair and Hardware Redundancy

This paper concentrates on the evaluation of reliability measures of a computer system by introducing the concept of priority of hardware repair over software up-gradation. The system operates with one more hardware in cold standby. The failure times of hardware and software are independent random variables which follow negative exponential distribution. The repair facility (called server) attends the faults immediately which occur during operation of the system. Repair of the hardware is done at failure while software undergoes for up-gradation. The distributions of hardware repair and software up-gradation times are taken as arbitrary with different probability density functions. The system model has been analyzed using semi-Markov process and regenerative point technique. The trends of some important measures of system effectiveness have been observed for arbitrary values of the parameters. The profit of the present model has also been compared with that of the system model in which no priority is given to hardware repair.
Rational choice and security studies : Stephen Walt and his critics

Formal theories and rational choice methods have become increasingly prominent in most social sciences in the past few decades. Proponents of formal theoretical approaches argue that these methods are more scientific and sophisticated than other approaches, and that formal methods have already generated significant theoretical progress. As more and more social scientists adopt formal theoretical approaches, critics have argued that these methods are flawed and that they should not become dominant in most social-science disciplines.Rational Choice and Security Studies presents opposing views on the merits of formal rational choice approaches as they have been applied in the subfield of international security studies. This volume includes Stephen Walt's article "Rigor or Rigor Mortis? Rational Choice and Security Studies," critical replies from prominent political scientists, and Walt's rejoinder to his critics.Walt argues that formal approaches have not led to creative new theoretical explanations, that they lack empirical support, and that they have contributed little to the analysis of important contemporary security problems. In their replies, proponents of rational choice approaches emphasize that formal methods are essential for achieving theoretical consistency and precision.
Health and Economic Impact of Surgical Site Infections Diagnosed after Hospital Discharge

Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are known to cause substantial illness and costs during the index hospitalization, little information exists about the impact of infections diagnosed after discharge, which constitute the majority of SSIs. In this study, using patient questionnaire and administrative databases, we assessed the clinical outcomes and resource utilization in the 8-week postoperative period associated with SSIs recognized after discharge. SSI recognized after discharge was confirmed in 89 (1.9%) of 4,571 procedures from May 1997 to October 1998. Patients with SSI, but not controls, had a significant decline in SF-12 (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey) mental health component scores after surgery (p=0.004). Patients required significantly more outpatient visits, emergency room visits, radiology services, readmissions, and home health aide services than did controls. Average total costs during the 8 weeks after discharge were US$5,155 for patients with SSI and $1,773 for controls (p<0.001).
Which 3-manifold groups are K\"ahler groups?

The question in the title, first raised by Goldman and Donaldson, was partially answered by Reznikov. We give a complete answer, as follows: if G can be realized as both the fundamental group of a closed 3-manifold and of a compact K\"ahler manifold, then G must be finite, and thus belongs to the well-known list of finite subgroups of O(4).
Zeros of tree-level amplitudes at multiboson thresholds.

Propagation of particles with the emission of an arbitrary number of identical bosons all being at rest is considered. It is shown that in certain models the tree-level amplitudes for production of [ital n] scalar bosons by two incoming particles are all equal to zero at the threshold starting from some small number [ital n]. In particular, this nullification occurs for production of massive scalars by two Goldstone bosons in the linear [sigma] model for [ital n][gt]1 and also for production of Higgs bosons in the standard model by gauge bosons and/or by fermions, provided that the ratios of their masses to that of the Higgs boson take special discrete values.
Error sensitive gaussian particle filter and its evaluation for contour tracking

We present a novel system for visual based contour tracking and apply it to track the movement of human's head. Currently available technology is used in the implementation to take care of low level video processing and acquisition. The implementation consists of two main parts. First, there is an error sensitive Gaussian particle filter. It estimates the posterior density of the shape being tracked by modeling a Gaussian distribution as a collection of weighted samples. The second part is the observer which takes an estimate of the current shape position, and uses image features to find a new spline. The new spline is projected onto a subspace of Euclidean similarities of a spline template. It successfully tracks the human's head in a video stream, despite the low-resolution and low frame rate of the video.
High School Athletic Participation and Adolescent Suicide

Suicide is the third leading cause of death among US adolescents aged 15-24, with males incurring higher rates of completion than females. This study used hierarchical logistic regression analysis to test whether athletic participation was associated with lower rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among a nationally representative sample of over 16,000 US public and private high school students. Net of the effects of age, race/ethnicity, parental educational attainment, and urbanicity, high school athletic participation was significantly associated with reduced odds of considering suicide among both females and males, and reduced odds of planning a suicide attempt among females only. Though the results point to favorable health outcomes for athletes, athletic participation was also associated with higher rates of injury to male athletes who actually attempted suicide.
Development and Validation of a Histological Method to Measure Microvessel Density in Whole-Slide Images of Cancer Tissue

Despite all efforts made to develop predictive biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapies, no unambiguous markers have been identified so far. This is due to among others the lack of standardized tests. This study presents an improved microvessel density quantification method in tumor tissue based on stereological principles and using whole-slide images. Vessels in tissue sections of different cancer types were stained for CD31 by an automated and validated immunohistochemical staining method. The stained slides were digitized with a digital slide scanner. Systematic, uniform, random sampling of the regions of interest on the whole-slide images was performed semi-automatically with the previously published applications AutoTag and AutoSnap. Subsequently, an unbiased counting grid was combined with the images generated with these scripts. Up to six independent observers counted microvessels in up to four cancer types: colorectal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. At first, inter-observer variability was found to be unacceptable. However, after a series of consensus training sessions and interim statistical analysis, counting rules were modified and inter-observer concordance improved considerably. Every CD31-positive object was counted, with exclusion of suspected CD31-positive monocytes, macrophages and tumor cells. Furthermore, if interconnected, stained objects were considered a single vessel. Ten regions of interest were sufficient for accurate microvessel density measurements. Intra-observer and inter-observer variability were low (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.7) if the observers were adequately trained.
PROGNOSIS OF DEPRESSION

SUMMARY Relationship of different symptoms, personal history, some measures of Rorschach, neuroticism, ego strength score with prognosis of depression was studied. Out of 60 items studied in 60 cases, eleven were found to have statistically significant association with improvement. Multiple regression of percentage of improvement on 23 items (12 from personal and family history and 13 measurable items of Rorschach) was determined. To check the ability of this multiple regression to expl. in differences in responsiveness, predicted values were obtained for 24- cases (not included in the previous regression analysis). In most cases considerable differences was found in observed and predicted values. Then a regression coefficient using only 12 items (other than 13 Rorschach items) was determined similarly. Using this regression equation, predicted Values for percentage of improvement was obtained for the same 24 cases. There was insignificant association between observed and predicted Values. Thereafter only five measurable characteristics strongly related with percentage of improvement were taken and multiple regression on these items was determined and checked similarly on the same 24 cases. This also showed insignificant association between observed and predicted Values. Linear regression is unable to explain the difference in prognosis of population very similar to one on which it was developed. Inclusion of more history and social interaction factors might lead to more fruitful results.
Interactions via intrinsically disordered regions: What kind of motifs?

Proteins containing intrinsically disordered (ID) regions are widespread in eukaryotic organisms and are mostly utilized in regulatory processes. ID regions can mediate binary interactions of proteins or promote organization of large assemblies. Post‐translational modifications of ID regions often serve as decision points in signaling pathways. Why Nature distinguished ID proteins in molecular recognition functions? In a simple view, binding of ID regions is accompanied by a large entropic penalty as compared to folded proteins. Even in complexes however, ID regions can preserve their conformational freedom, thereby recruit further partners and perform various functions. What sort of benefits ID regions offer for molecular interactions and which properties are exploited in the corresponding complexes? Here, we review models explaining the recognition mechanisms of ID proteins. Motif‐based interactions are central to all proposed scenarios, including prestructured elements, anchoring sites and linear motifs. We aim to extract consensus features of the models, which could be used to predict ID‐binding sites for a variety of partners. © 2012 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 2012
Highly accurate 3D surface models by sparse surface adjustment

In this paper, we propose an approach to obtain highly accurate 3D models from range data. The key idea of our method is to jointly optimize the poses of the sensor and the positions of the surface points measured with a range scanning device. Our approach applies a physical model of the underlying range sensor. To solve the optimization task it employs a state-of-the-art graph-based optimizer and iteratively refines the structure of the error function by recomputing the data associations after each optimization. We present our approach and evaluate it on data recorded in different real world environments with a RGBD camera and a laser range scanner. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to substantially improve the accuracy of SLAM results and that it compares favorable over the moving least squares method.
Non-consensus opinion model on directed networks

Dynamic social opinion models have been widely studied on undirected networks, and most of them are based on spin interaction models that produce a consensus. In reality, however, many networks such as Twitter and the World Wide Web are directed and are composed of both unidirectional and bidirectional links. Moreover, from choosing a coffee brand to deciding who to vote for in an election, two or more competing opinions often coexist. In response to this ubiquity of directed networks and the coexistence of two or more opinions in decision-making situations, we study a nonconsensus opinion model introduced by Shao et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 018701 (2009)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.103. 018701] on directed networks. We define directionality ξ as the percentage of unidirectional links in a network, and we use the linear correlation coefficient ρ between the in-degree and out-degree of a node to quantify the relation between the in-degree and out-degree. We introduce two degree-preserving rewiring approaches which allow us to construct directed networks that can have a broad range of possible combinations of directionality ξ and linear correlation coefficient ρ and to study how ξ and ρ impact opinion competitions. We find that, as the directionality ξ or the in-degree and out-degree correlation ρ increases, the majority opinion becomes more dominant and the minority opinion's ability to survive is lowered.
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION AND HYBRIDIZATION Methylation of chloroplast DNA does not affect viability and maternal inheritance in tobacco and may provide a strategy towards transgene containment

We report the integration of a type II restriction-methylase, mFokI, into the tobacco chloroplast genome and we demonstrate that the introduced enzyme effectively directs the methylation of its target sequence in vivo and does not affect maternal inheritance. We further report the transformation of tobacco with an E. coli dcm methylase targeted to plastids and we demonstrate efficient cytosine methylation of the plastid genome. Both adenosine methylation of FokI sites and cytosine methylation of dcm sites appeared phenotypically neutral. The ability to tolerate such plastid genome methylation is a pre-requisite for a proposed plant transgene containment system. In such a system, a chloroplast located, maternally inherited restriction methylase would provide protection from a nuclear-encoded, plastid targeted restriction endonuclease. As plastids are not paternally inherited in most crop species, pollen from such plants would carry the endonuclease transgene but not the corresponding methylase; the consequence of this should be containment of all nuclear transgenes, as pollination will only be viable in crosses to the appropriate transplastomic maternal background.
An optically-switched frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications

In this paper, an optically-switched frequency-reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applications has been proposed. The antenna design is comprised of two units, namely the UWB unit, that senses the spectrum from 2.5-8 GHz, and the reconfigurable unit that switches between 3.9 GHz and 6.2 GHz resonant frequencies. The dark and active states of the reconfigurable unit are controlled using IREDs (880 nm). A match between measured and simulated transmission of an optically switched transmission line was used to estimate the conductivity of a medium resistive (8 Ω-cm) Si switch for active and dark states. However, the conductivity estimated for the active state (70 S/m) and dark state (5 S/m) of the medium resistive Si was not sufficient to yield best performance of the reconfigurable antenna. Hence feasible estimates of conductivity for both the active (168 S/m) and dark state (4.25 × 10-4 S/m) of high resistive Si were substituted into the reconfigurable antenna design in CST Studio Suite to enhance the performance.
Characterizing the flagellar filament and the role of motility in bacterial prey-penetration by Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

The predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus swims rapidly by rotation of a single, polar flagellum comprised of a helical filament of flagellin monomers, contained within a membrane sheath and powered by a basal motor complex. Bdellovibrio collides with, enters and replicates within bacterial prey, a process previously suggested to firstly require flagellar motility and then flagellar shedding upon prey entry. Here we show that flagella are not always shed upon prey entry and we study the six fliC flagellin genes of B. bacteriovorus, finding them all conserved and expressed in genome strain HD100 and the widely studied lab strain 109J. Individual inactivation of five of the fliC genes gave mutant Bdellovibrio that still made flagella, and which were motile and predatory. Inactivation of the sixth fliC gene abolished normal flagellar synthesis and motility, but a disordered flagellar sheath was still seen. We find that this non‐motile mutant was still able to predate when directly applied to lawns of YFP‐labelled prey bacteria, showing that flagellar motility is not essential for prey entry but important for efficient encounters with prey in liquid environments.
Artemether-Lumefantrine: An Option for Malaria

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Data Sources: English-language articles indexed in PubMed (1947-November 2011) were identified, using the search terms artemether-lumefantrine, artemether-lumefantrine AND malaria, Coartem, and Coartem AND malaria. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Available English-language articles were reviewed. In addition, the malaria treatment regimens recommended by region as provided by the World Health Organization and the treatment guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were reviewed. Data Synthesis: Artemether-lumefantrine is an artemisinin-derived combination antimalarial approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2009 for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria. The dual mechanisms of action of artemether-lumefantrine provide rapid and sustained parasite clearance. In the reviewed studies, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-corrected 28-day cure rates of artemether-lumefantrine were noninferior to the most common comparators, including chloroquine, dapsone, and other artemisinin derivatives (86-100% vs 51-100%, respectively). PCR-corrected day-42 cure rates were 92-99.3% for artemether-lumefantrine versus 62-100% for the comparator groups. The major adverse effects (gastrointestinal and central nervous system) were mild to moderate in severity and did not require a change in therapy. Although adherence to artemether-lumefantrine has been described as a potential problem due to the complicated dosing schedule, studies have described clinical cure rates similar to those of other antimalarials. Conclusions: Artemether-lumefantrine is a safe and effective treatment for children and adults with P. falciparum malaria.