Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Software debugging and testing using the abstract diagnosis theory

In this paper, we present a notion of observability and controllability in the context of software testing and debugging. Our view of observability is based on the ability of developers, testers, and debuggers to trace back a data dependency chain and observe the value of a variable by starting from a set of variables that are naturally observable (e.g., input/output variables). Likewise, our view of controllability enables one to modify and control the value of a variable through a data dependency chain by starting from a set of variables that can be modified (e.g., input variables). Consequently, the problem that we study in this paper is to identify the minimum number of variables that have to be made observable/controllable in order for a tester or debugger to observe/control the value of another set of variables of interest, given the source code. We show that our problem is an instance of the well-known abstract diagnosis problem, where the objective is to find the minimum number of faulty components in a digital circuit, given the system description and value of input/output variables. We show that our problem is NP-complete even if the length of data dependencies is at most 2. In order to cope with the inevitable exponential complexity, we propose a mapping from the general problem, where the length of data dependency chains is unknown a priori, to integer linear programming. Our method is fully implemented in a tool chain for MISRA-C compliant source codes. Our experiments with several real-world applications show that in average, a significant number of debugging points can be reduced using our methods. This result is our motivation to apply our approach in debugging and instrumentation of embedded software, where changes must be minimal as they can perturb the timing constraints and resource consumption. Another interesting application of our results is in data logging of non-terminating embedded systems, where axillary data storage devices are slow and have limited size.
A Robust HDWT-DCT Based Watermarking Scheme Against Cropping Attacks

In this paper, we propose a watermarking technique based on Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform-Discrete Cosine Transform (HDWT-DCT) by using matrixbased Two-dimensional Linear Discriminant Analysis (2DLDA) for color images. By embedding the reference watermark and using matrix-based 2DLDA scheme, we do not need all the embedded information of watermark and apply only part of matrix-based samples from the reference watermark for 2DLDA. The experimental results have shown that our method can extract the watermark correctly and can still resist against the cropping attacks efficiently.
Repeated femoral vein puncturing for maintenance haemodialysis vascular access.

BACKGROUND When access cannot be achieved using a native arteriovenous fistula or a synthetic prosthetic graft, central venous catheters are usually placed. This mode of access is short-lived, prone to infection, stenosis and thrombosis of central veins. To overcome access problems, we developed a new native vascular access ('femoral vein access') and devices. We report here on our experience with the availability, longevity, procedure and morbidity of haemodialysis (HD) using femoral vein access. METHODS Repeated (three times a week) patient's native femoral vein puncturing has been used as the vascular access (femoral vein access) for maintenance HD in 30 patients (mean age +/- SD: 61.70 +/- 15.27 years old; 18 female/12 male). The femoral vein was punctured beneath the inguinal ligament (on a length ranging from 30 to 100 mm) after disinfection and local anaesthesia. Long (effective length 56 mm) 19- and 18-gauge needles with four side holes were used for the femoral vein puncture as an arterial site of the extracorporeal circuit of HD and shorter (effective length 40 mm) similar gauge needles for the subcutaneous vein puncture used as the return site. The needle is inserted blind into the femoral vein after the femoral artery has been located by palpation and the perception of a pulse. Patients returned home the same day. RESULTS The mean duration of HD treatment using femoral vein repeated puncture was 4.99 +/- 3.42 years (up to 16.0 years). This represented a total experience of 23 369 femoral vein punctures. The mean blood flow achieved on dialysis was 165 +/- 20 ml/min. The average Kt/V was 1.74 +/- 0.48 per session. CONCLUSIONS The femoral vein repeated puncture technique has substantial advantages over venous catheters. It does not require surgery, while permitting adequate blood flow. This method can be used as a long-term (over 10 years) blood access. Apart from a few local haematomas, no serious complications have been observed. Moreover, it does not carry a heavy financial burden.
On the Effects of Spam Filtering and Incremental Learning for Web-Supervised Visual Concept Classification

Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to the task of visual concept classification. However, they require a large number of training examples for learning. Although pre-trained deep neural networks are available for some domains, they usually have to be fine-tuned for an envisaged target domain. Recently, some approaches have been suggested that are aimed at incrementally (or even endlessly) learning visual concepts based on Web data. Since tags of Web images are often noisy, normally some filtering mechanisms are employed in order to remove ``spam'' images that are not appropriate for training. In this paper, we investigate several aspects of a web-supervised system that has to be adapted to another target domain: 1. ) the effect of incremental learning, 2. ) the effect of spam filtering, and 3. ) the behavior of particular concept classes with respect to 1. ) and 2. ). The experimental results provide some insights under which conditions incremental learning and spam filtering are useful.
Toward an Abstract Machine Architecture for Intelligence

Our research defines a uniform framework for analyzing a representative sampling of existing architectures and frameworks for knowledge-intensive intelligent agents. We use this framework to build abstract definitions of representational and functional components that are common across architectures. Defining these abstract components essentially allows us to describe a target abstract machine architecture for knowledge-intensive intelligent systems. This
An improved inquiry procedure in device discovery Bluetooth network

One of the big fundamental issues in Bluetooth ad hoc network is its device discovery in network initialization which would effect the whole performance. The performance of short range wireless Bluetooth ad hoc network technologies depends on the promptness of its self-configuring procedures. Due to continuous inquiry and paging process, battery in Bluetooth-enabled devices is easily drained. This afterward gives an impact on Bluetooth technology efficiency. Derived from accumulation of previous works and enhancement of the mechanism, the lengthy delays of inquiry process in device discovery are discussed in this paper. Algorithm highlighting Bluetooth initialization is designed and explained with consideration of its time consuming that eventually caused power issue. Thus, good compromise between power saving and discovery time is observed in this work while mathematical model and simulation results presented based on modification in its parameters.
A 7.5mm Steiner chain fibre-optic system for multi-segment flex sensing

This paper presents a highly compact fibre-optic system based on light intensity modulation for multi-segment flex sensing in pliable robot arms, e.g., articulated surgical instruments. This fibre-optic arrangement is 7.5 mm in diameter and is comprised of a two-segment flexible and stretchable Steiner chain arm section with twelve housings at the distal side which accommodates passive cables. The displacement of each cable will be used to determine the bending. This Steiner chain section is followed by a basal rigid fibre-optic sensing unit integrated with a low-friction retractable distance modulation array which couples the motion of the passive cables with light-emitting optical fibres. The low-friction retractable distance modulation array uses steel spring-needle double sliders to reduce the hysteresis and to recover reference sensor values when the arm returns to its original straight configuration. The U-shape loopback design of the optical fibres allows integration of all electronics away from the sensing site. The experimental results indicate a maximum bending angle error of 6° in one individual segment of the two-segment arm with respect to reference angle values calculated from camera images.
The effect of dendritic spine morphology on synaptic crosstalk: Two multisynapse models, integrating diffusion on curved surfaces

Diffusive processes on curved surfaces are highly relevant for cellular processes and are increasingly used to characterize the behavior of proteins in cell membranes. More specifically, neurotransmitter receptors are present on the cell membranes of neurons (nerve cells) and are important for the signal transduction at synapses, which are the specializations through which neurons communicate. The morphology of the cell membrane at these synapses is nontrivial and this shape strongly affects the receptor lateral diffusion process [1]. The typical shape of a single synapse and its impact on the diffusive process have been studied [1,2]. An open question however, is how this shape affects the crosstalk between multiple synapses connected to the same dendrite. In other words, how does the release of receptors in one synapse influence the concentration in neighboring synapses. To study this we set up two diffusion models that integrate the morphology of multiple synapses. 1] Kusters, R. , Kapitein, L. C. , Hoogenraad, C. C. , & Storm, C. (2013). Shape-induced asymmetric diffusion in dendritic spines allows efficient synaptic AMPA receptor trapping. Biophysical journal, 105(12), 2743-2750. [2] Kusters, R. , & Storm, C. (2014). Impact of morphology on diffusive dynamics on curved surfaces. Physical Review E, 89(3), 032723.
Motion planning of a climbing parallel robot

Proposes an application of the Stewart-Gough parallel platform as a climbing robot and its kinematics control to climb through long structures describing unknown spatial trajectories, such as palm trunks, tubes, etc. First, the description and design of the climbing parallel robot is presented. Second, the inverse and forward kinematics analysis of a mobile six-degrees-of-freedom parallel robot is described, based on spatial constraint formulation. Finally, the gait pattern and the climbing strategy of the parallel robot is described. The information from this research is being used in an actual climbing parallel robot design at Miguel Hernandez University of Elche (Alicante), Spain.
Haemocompatibility of Modified Nanodiamonds

This study reports the interactions of modified nanodiamond particles in vitro with human blood. Modifications performed on the nanodiamond particles include oxygenation with a chemical method and hydrogenation upon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plasma treatment. Such nanodiamonds were later incubated in whole human blood for different time intervals, ranging from 5 min to 5 h. The morphology of red blood cells was assessed along with spectral measurements and determination of haemolysis. The results showed that no more than 3% of cells were affected by the nanodiamonds. Specific modifications of the nanodiamonds give us the possibility to obtain nanoparticles which are biocompatible with human blood. They can form a basis for the development of nanoscale biomarkers and parts of sensing systems and devices useful in biomedical environments.
Direct Value Learning: a Preference-based Approach to Reinforcement Learning

Learning by imitation, among the most promising techniques for reinforcement learning in complex domains, critically depends on the human designer ability to provide sufficiently many demonstrations of satisfactory quality. The approach presented in this paper, referred to as DIVA (Direct Value Learning for Reinforcement Learning), aims at addressing both above limitations by exploiting simple experiments. The approach stems from a straightforward remark: while it is rather easy to set a robot in a target situation, the quality of its situation will naturally deteriorate upon the action of naive controllers. The demonstration of such naive controllers can thus be used to learn directly a value function, through a preference learning approach. Under some conditions on the transition model, this value function enables to define an optimal controller. The DIVA approach is experimentally demonstrated by teaching a robot to follow another robot. Importantly, the approach does not require any robotic simulator to be available, nor does it require any pattern-recognition primitive (e.g. seeing the other robot) to be provided.
A CFAR Adaptive Subspace Detector for First-Order or Second-Order Gaussian Signals Based on a Single Observation

In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting a signal in Gaussian noise with unknown covariance matrix, in partially homogeneous environments where the test and training data samples share the same noise covariance matrix up to an unknown scaling factor. One solution to this problem is the adaptive subspace detector (ASD) with a single or multiple observations. However, the probabilities of false alarm and detection of this ASD have not been obtained yet. In this paper, these expressions are derived on the basis of a single observation, which are confirmed with Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the ASD has a constant false alarm rate property with respect to both the shared noise covariance matrix structure and the independent scaling of the noise in the test data. In addition, we prove that for the First-Order model where the signal of interest is assumed to be a deterministic but unknown vector, the ASD derived with the generalized likelihood ratio test is consistent with that derived with an ad hoc two-step design procedure.
Sensibility in applied ethics

Abstract Rule systems are used every day to share experience, pre-existing knowledge, beliefs and ethical rules, and to provide instructions for future action. This article expands and builds upon an approach pioneered by Julius M. Moravcsik to argue that ethics cannot be completely codified into a rigid set of rules, because any such set lacks a misapplication-correcting sensibility. Thus, an ethics that is transferred purely by means of a rule-set is incomplete and thus cannot be used reliably to guide future action. The balancing sensibility is formed out of pre-existing expert knowledge and takes account of the limitations of rule-sets in specific contexts. Moravcsik’s approach is then expanded by incorporating it into a holistic framework for the analysis, guidance and development of actions to be taken to support the emergence, selection and implementation of solutions for a sustainable future. This approach has profound implications for managers and organisers in new or critical situations.
Neutrino oscillations in high energy cosmic neutrino flux

I discuss the effects of neutrino oscillations on high energy cosmic neutrinos which come from cosmologically distant astrophysical sources. I incorporate all the up-to-date constraints from the solar, atmospheric, reactor, accelerator data and give the possible pattern for the ratio of the high energy cosmic neutrinos in the cases of three and four neutrino schemes.
Transplanting Supersites of HIV-1 Vulnerability

One strategy for isolating or eliciting antibodies against a specific target region on the envelope glycoprotein trimer (Env) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) involves the creation of site transplants, which present the target region on a heterologous protein scaffold with preserved antibody-binding properties. If the target region is a supersite of HIV-1 vulnerability, recognized by a collection of broadly neutralizing antibodies, this strategy affords the creation of “supersite transplants”, capable of binding (and potentially eliciting) antibodies similar to the template collection of effective antibodies. Here we transplant three supersites of HIV-1 vulnerability, each targeted by effective neutralizing antibodies from multiple donors. To implement our strategy, we chose a single representative antibody against each of the target supersites: antibody 10E8, which recognizes the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) on the HIV-1 gp41 glycoprotein; antibody PG9, which recognizes variable regions one and two (V1V2) on the HIV-1 gp120 glycoprotein; and antibody PGT128 which recognizes a glycopeptide supersite in variable region 3 (glycan V3) on gp120. We used a structural alignment algorithm to identify suitable acceptor proteins, and then designed, expressed, and tested antigenically over 100-supersite transplants in a 96-well microtiter-plate format. The majority of the supersite transplants failed to maintain the antigenic properties of their respective template supersite. However, seven of the glycan V3-supersite transplants exhibited nanomolar affinity to effective neutralizing antibodies from at least three donors and recapitulated the mannose9-N-linked glycan requirement of the template supersite. The binding of these transplants could be further enhanced by placement into self-assembling nanoparticles. Essential elements of the glycan V3 supersite, embodied by as few as 3 N-linked glycans and ∼25 Env residues, can be segregated into acceptor scaffolds away from the immune-evading capabilities of the rest of HIV-1 Env, thereby providing a means to focus the immune response on the scaffolded supersite.
An imagined culinary community: stories of morality and masculinity in “Sweden – the new culinary nation”

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the promotion of Swedish culinary excellence. While previous studies have mainly focused on how cuisine is used to construct the nation, this paper has turned the analysis around. Thus, it critically examines how pre-established assumptions about the nation serve as a resource to promote food. The data are based on texts and images from organisations promoting Sweden and Swedish food as well as on field notes from three observations of food fairs and one observation of the chef competition Bocuse d’Or Europe 2014. First, the paper argues that in their promotion of Swedish culinary excellence the food and hospitality industry actors draw on notions of morality, namely inclusivity for all and assumed ethical responsibilities for the environment and non-human animals. Second, the paper contends that the spearheads of culinary excellence were mostly a homogeneous group of urban, male chefs and the top restaurants. Male celebrity chefs were represented not only as “progressive” and “laid-back” guys but also as competitive and success-driven entrepreneurs.
Virtually justifiable homicide: the effects of prosocial contexts on the link between violent video games, aggression, and prosocial and hostile cognition.

Previous work has shown that playing violent video games can stimulate aggression toward others. The current research has identified a potential exception. Participants who played a violent game in which the violence had an explicitly prosocial motive (i.e., protecting a friend and furthering his nonviolent goals) were found to show lower short-term aggression (Study 1) and show higher levels of prosocial cognition (Study 2) than individuals who played a violent game in which the violence was motivated by more morally ambiguous motives. Thus, violent video games that are framed in an explicitly prosocial context may evoke more prosocial sentiments and thereby mitigate some of the short-term effects on aggression observed in previous research. While these findings are promising regarding the potential aggression-reducing effects of prosocial context, caution is still warranted as a small effect size difference (d = .2-.3), although nonsignificant, was still observed between those who played the explicitly prosocial violent game and those who played a nonviolent game; indicating that aggressive behavior was not completely eliminated by the inclusion of a prosocial context for the violence.
TopicSearch - Personalized Web Clustering Engine Using Semantic Query Expansion, Memetic Algorithms and Intelligent Agents

As resources become more and more available on the Web, so the difficulties associated with finding the desired information increase. Intelligent agents can assist users in this task since they can search, filter and organize information on behalf of their users. Web document clustering techniques can also help users to find pages that meet their information requirements. This paper presents a personalized web document clustering called TopicSearch. TopicSearch introduces a novel inverse document frequency function to improve the query expansion process, a new memetic algorithm for web document clustering, and frequent phrases approach for defining cluster labels. Each user query is handled by an agent who coordinates several tasks including query expansion, search results acquisition, preprocessing of search results, cluster construction and labeling, and visualization. These tasks are performed by specialized agents whose execution can be parallelized in certain instances. The model was successfully tested on fifty DMOZ datasets. The results demonstrated improved precision and recall over traditional algorithms (k-means, Bisecting k-means, STC y Lingo). In addition, the presented model was evaluated by a group of twenty users with 90% being in favor of the model.
Tools for Distributed Application Management

The issues of managing distributed applications are discussed, and a set of tools, the meta system, that solves some longstanding problems is presented. The Meta model of a distributed application is described. To make the discussion concrete, it is shown how NuMon, a seismological analysis system for monitoring compliance with nuclear test-ban treaties is managed within the Meta framework. The three steps entailed in using Meta are described. First the programmer instruments the application and its environment with sensors and actuators. The programmer then describes the application structure using the object-oriented data modeling facilities of the authors' high-level control language, Lomita. Finally, the programmer writes a control program referencing the data model. Meta's performance and real-time behavior are examined. >
A Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis for the Biomechanical Characteristics of Orthodontic Anchorage Micro-implant

Objective: To establish a three-dimension finite element model for orthodontic anchorage micro-implant and analyze the influence of different titled angle on the biomechanical characteristics of orthodontic anchorage implant-bone interface. Methods: Use ANSYS (Analysis System) finite element analysis software to perform the finite element modeling of the micro-implant with 7 different tilted angle, including 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80° and 90°. A simulated orthodontic force, which was 200 grams, was loaded mesiodistally to the mathematical models, the stress and displacement distribution on the implant-bone interface was analyzed. Results: As the titled angle increased , the Von-Mises stress at the cervix of the implants were 1.0792Mpa, 1.0104Mpa, 0.8848Mpa, 0.8181Mpa, 0.7583Mpa, 0.6339Mpa and 0.5608Mpa while the displacement were 5. 5513μm, 4. 9900μm, 3. 7419μm, 3. 1264μm, 2. 5874μm, 1. 3624μm and 0. 8027μm. Conclusion: The micro-implant can be safely loaded with 200 grams mesiodistal orthodontic force. The increase of the titled angle can efficaciously enhance the implant's ability of bearing mesiodistal orthodontic force. Thus we should choose the vertical angle when the micro-implant is embedded.