Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Density Level Set Estimation on Manifolds with DBSCAN

We show that DBSCAN can estimate the connected components of the $\lambda$-density level set $\{ x : f(x) \ge \lambda\}$ given $n$ i.i. d. samples from an unknown density $f$. We characterize the regularity of the level set boundaries using parameter $\beta > 0$ and analyze the estimation error under the Hausdorff metric. When the data lies in $\mathbb{R}^D$ we obtain a rate of $\widetilde{O}(n^{-1/(2\beta + D)})$, which matches known lower bounds up to logarithmic factors. When the data lies on an embedded unknown $d$-dimensional manifold in $\mathbb{R}^D$, then we obtain a rate of $\widetilde{O}(n^{-1/(2\beta + d\cdot \max\{1, \beta \})})$. Finally, we provide adaptive parameter tuning in order to attain these rates with no a priori knowledge of the intrinsic dimension, density, or $\beta$.
Who is exposed to smoke at home? A population-based cross-sectional survey in central Vietnam

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is an important global health issue.1 2 The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) obligates countries to protect people from SHS exposure in public places such as workplaces and public transport, whereas protection measures from SHS in the home are not addressed explicitly.3 The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of domestic SHS exposure and sociodemographical risk factors associated with SHS among a population in central Vietnam. A dataset from population-based cross-sectional survey conducted in Khanh Hoa Province, central Vietnam, was analysed. The original survey was carried out from June to July 2006 for the purpose of collecting information on possible risk factors of childhood diseases. Data on 353 525 residents living in 75 828 …
CMOS Integrated Active Rectifier with Temperature Independent Efficiency

This paper presents a highly efficient fully CMOS integrated active rectifier for telemetric energy transmission or as interface for energy harvesters. The rectifier is implemented using a standard 0.35 ¿m CMOS process without special process options. Compared to other solutions no start-up circuit and only one current consuming comparator is needed to realize a full wave rectifier. Measurements show a negligible serial voltage drop, high output power and efficiency. The input voltage range is between 1.25 and 3.75 V and the current consumption is 1.2¿A@2V. The maximum input frequency is over 2.5MHz@3.5V input amplitude. Temperature measurements between -40 to+125°C show a temperature stable output voltage.
The Monte Carlo evaluation of noise and resolution properties of granular phosphor screens

The imaging performance of phosphor screens, used as x-ray detectors in diagnostic medical imaging systems, is affected by their both noise and resolution properties. Amplification and blurring processes are due to a sequence of conversion stages within the screen which contribute to fluctuations in the number and spatial distribution of the optical quanta recorded by the optical detector (e.g. film, television camera, CCD, etc). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the stochastic noise arising from granularity as well as the variation of spatial resolution of granular fluorescent screens in terms of the detector's structure. Using a custom-validated Monte Carlo model, the parameters of interest were evaluated for the widely used Gd2O2S:Tb phosphor material. We have studied the variations of (i) the modulation transfer function, (ii) the Swank factor and (iii) the zero-frequency detective quantum efficiency (DQE), under several conditions employed in conventional and digital mammography and radiology. Several evaluations are provided for the imaging metrics as a function of the x-ray energy (18 keV, 49 keV and 51 keV), phosphor coating weight (20 mg cm−2, 34 mg cm−2 and 60 mg cm−2), grain size (from 4 µm up to 13 µm) and packing density (from 50% up to 85%). It was found that screens of high packing density can combine high zero-frequency DQE with improved resolution properties. For a digital mammographic imaging system (34 mg cm−2, 18 keV), a packing density of 85% can improve the spatial resolution of the screen by 1.6 cycles mm−1 in comparison to that of 50% packing density. Similarly, for radiographic cases (60 mg cm−2, 49 keV), the spatial resolution can be improved by 1.7 cycles mm−1. The aforementioned findings provide the resolution benefits of using high packing density screens.
Valuation of R& D and Patent: An Economic Value Added Perspective

R&D and patent are viewed as two major proxies of intellectual capital in the literature of industrial economics. Since 80% of a company's value is intangible, conventional accounting measures are insufficient for determining the effect of intellectual capital. Whereas Economic Value Added (EVA) can provide a framework for valuation of intellectual capital, this study applied EVA to evaluate the effect of R&D and patent. Main objective of his study is the valuation of R&D and patent, and clarifies the relative importance of them. Additionally, this study determined whether EVA reflects economic reality of R&D and patent more accurately than conventional measures do. The theoretical basis for this study is a knowledge production function explaining the effects of traditional production factors (including physical capital and labor) and intellectual capital factors (including R&D, international granted patents and national granted patents) on a firm's sales and EVA. Time-series cross-section panel data from 219 Taiwanese electronic manufacturers between 1990-2003 were employed for the fixed effect analysis in the model. Major empirical results show obvious differences among the effects of R&D and patent, and EVA method is proved to be an appropriate proxy of economy reality to capture the value of R&D and patent
NASICON-type Na3V2(PO4)3

Single crystals of the title compound, trisodium divanadium(III) tris(orthophosphate), were grown from a self-flux in the system Na4P2O7–NaVP2O7. Na3V2(PO4)3 belongs to the family of NASICON-related structures and is built up from isolated [VO6] octahedra (3. symmetry) and [PO4] tetrahedra (.2 symmetry) interlinked via corners to establish the framework anion [V2(PO4)3]3−. The two independent Na+ cations are partially occupied [site-occupancy factors = 0.805 (18) and 0.731 (7)] and are located in channels with two different oxygen environments, viz sixfold coordination for the first (. symmetry) and eightfold for the second (.2 symmetry) Na+ cation.
O'Connell, et al.:

Perris Reservoir Archeology: Late Prehistoric Demographic Change in Southeastern California. James F. O'Connell, Philip J. Wilke, Thomas F. King, and Carol L. Mix, Eds. Sacramento: California Department of Parks and Recreation, Archeological Report No. 14. 1974. ix + 172 pp., 23 figs., 20 pls. $3.50 (paper).
On the relevance of abundance and spatial pattern for interpretations of host–parasite association data

Abstract The quantification of host–parasite associations from field data is a fundamental step towards understanding host–parasite and host-parasite–pathogen dynamics. For parasites that are not rigid host specialists, exemplified in this paper by ticks, the interpretation of host–parasite association data is difficult. Interpretations of tick collection records have largely assumed that off-host collection records offer a valid basis from which to make claims about the host specificity or generality of tick species. A simple simulation analysis of rudimentary tick–host interactions in a hypothetical 50 × 50-cell habitat demonstrates that perceptions of tick–host relationships can be strongly biased by spatial patterns. Regardless of their true level of host specificity or generality, it seems that: (i) more abundant ticks will be perceived as generalists, while rarer species will be considered specialists; and (ii) tick species that have patchy, strongly aggregated distributions will be more likely to be perceived as host specialists than species that have more dispersed or uniform distributions. Since all available evidence suggests that abundances and spatial patterns vary between tick species, there is no way of assessing the true validity of claims about host specificity without first undertaking detailed research on the relative abundances and spatial and temporal patterns of both tick and host distributions.
Suppression of noise and narrowband interference in UWB indoor channel measurements

In this paper, the impact of the noise due to undersampling of noncoherent narrowband interference in time domain UWB channel measurements is investigated. Different measurements were carried out within the building for LOS and NLOS situations. The obtained results show that energy of external narrowband interference (especially at frequencies below 3.1 GHz) is spread over the whole measured bandwidth (1-12 GHz) as a quasi-white noise. This spreading is caused by the stroboscopic sampling receiver used in the measurement setup. The level of this additional noise is relatively high and its suppression is required for long-distance measurements. Suppression of the narrowband interference by an analogue bandpass filter directly after the receive antenna substantially decreases the noise floor and results in a large improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio.
Vehicle Tracking Based on Fusion of Magnetometer and Accelerometer Sensor Measurements With Particle Filtering

In this paper, we propose a method for vehicle tracking on roadways using measurements of magnetometers and accelerometers. The measurements are used to build a low-cost, low-complexity vehicle tracking sensor platform for highway traffic monitoring. First, the problem is formulated by introducing the process model for the motion of the vehicle on the road and two measurement models: one for each of the sensors. Second, it is shown how the measurements of the sensors can be fused using particle filtering. The standard sampling importance resampling (SIR) particle filter is extended for processing of multirate sensor measurements and models that employ unknown static parameters. The latter are treated by Rao-Blackwellization. The performance of the method is demonstrated by computer simulations. It is found that it is feasible to fuse the two sensors for vehicle tracking and that the proposed multirate particle filter performs better than particle filters that process only measurements of one of the sensors. The main contribution of this paper is the novel approach of fusing the measurements of road-mounted magnetometers and accelerometers for vehicle tracking and traffic monitoring.
Ku-dependent non-homologous end-joining as the major pathway contributes to sublethal damage repair in mammalian cells

Purpose: Sublethal damage repair (SLDR) is a type of repair that occurs in split-dose irradiated cells, which was discovered more than 50 years ago. However, due to conflicting reported data, it remains unclear which DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway, non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair, homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, contributes to SLDR, particularly in human cells. We were interested in clarifying this question. Methods and materials: Mammalian cell lines, including human, mouse and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, wild type, deficient in NHEJ or HRR were irradiated with either single dose or two split doses at 2- or 4-h intervals. The clonogenic assay was used to evaluate these cell radiosensitivities. Results: All wild-type or HRR-deficient cells (including human, mouse and CHO cells) showed a higher survival rate after exposure to split-dose versus single-dose radiation; however, all classical NHEJ-deficient cells (including human, mouse and hamster cells) did not show any apparent sensitivity changes between single-dose and split-dose irradiation. Conclusion: Classical NHEJ mainly contributes to SLDR in mammalian cells (including human cells). These results have the potential to improve radiotherapy.
USING VIRTUAL ACTIVE VISION TOOLS TO IMPROVE AUTONOMOUS DRIVING TASKS

Abstract : ALVINN is a simulated neural network for road following. In its most basic form, it is trained to take a subsampled, preprocessed video image as input, and produce a steering wheel position as output. ALVINN has demonstrated robust performance in a wide variety of situations, but is limited due to its lack of geometric models. Grafting geometric reasoning onto a non-geometric base would be difficult and would create a system with diluted capabilities. A much better approach is to leave the basic neural network intact, preserving its real-time performance and generalization capabilities, and to apply geometric transformations to the input image and the output steering vector. These transformations form a new set of tools and techniques called Virtual Active Vision. The thesis for this work is: Virtual Active Vision tools will improve the capabilities of neural network based autonomous driving systems.
Visual interfaces to data

Easy-to-use visual interfaces to data can broadly expand the audience for databases. Domain experts rather than database experts can engage in rapid-fire Q&A sessions with the data. Visual interfaces can provide a medium for story-telling, debate, and conversations about the data. They can also put new and challenging demands on the capabilities of traditional relational databases. In this talk, I will describe our formal language-based approach to visual analysis and how the use of a formal language enables us to build user experiences that more effectively support the process of analysis. Tableau's VizQL algebra is a declarative language for succinctly describing visual representations of data and analytics operations on the data. A VizQL statement compiles into the SQL or MDX queries necessary to generate the view and into the graphical commands to render the interactive view of the data. Our easy-to-use drag-and-drop user experiences for analysis and visual interface authoring are built on top of VizQL. In addition to supporting the process of analysis, a formal language-based approach provides a basis for reasoning about the structure of views and the space of possible views. This in turn enables the development of powerful new analytic capabilities, such as automatic presentation of structured data, visual authoring of statistical models, and view-based calculation, which we demonstrate. I will also discuss the challenges we have faced in getting relational databases "in the wild" to effectively support visual analysis for the average business or scientific user. The challenges range from the technical to the political. Traditional relational databases, both for OLTP and OLAP, often require sophisticated data modeling and data management expertise, optimize for performance based on known workloads, and are designed for scaling to large databases sizes (e.g. PB or TB) on clusters of machines rather than reducing analytic latency using limited hardware. I will describe our approaches to building a database focused on providing interactive query performance on tens or hundreds of millions of rows of data with little or no data modeling (physical or logical) and running on a typical knowledge worker desktop machine. Finally, I will discuss the changing landscape of interfaces to databases. The original interface to the database was transactional in focus: Many users read and make atomic changes to a small number of rows in a large database. In recent decades, powerful analytic use cases have emerged focused on the study and analysis of massive amounts of data by relatively small numbers of power users. The emergence of easily authored visual interfaces to public and private data changes will enables a new style of database usage. Millions of users performing analytics on thousands of data sets all hosted in the cloud with usage demonstrating the familiar long-tail distribution. Everyone will become an author and all interfaces will enable analytics.
View-based SLAM using Omnidirectional Images

In this paper we focus on the problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) using visual information obtained from the environment. In particular, we propose the use of a single omnidirectional camera to carry out this task. Many approaches to visual SLAM concentrate on the estimation of the position of a set of 3D points, commonly denoted as visual landmarks which are extracted from images acquired at the environment. Thus the complexity of the map computation grows as the number of visual landmarks in the map increases. In this paper we propose a different representation of the environment that presents a series of advantages compared to the before mentioned approaches, such as a simplified computation of the map and a more compact representation of the environment. Concretely, the map is represented by a set of views captured from particular places in the environment. Each view is composed by its position and orientation in the map and a set of 2D interest points represented in the image reference frame. Thus, in each view the relative orientation of a set of visual landmarks is stored. During the map building stage, the robot captures an image and finds corresponding points between the current view and the views stored in the map. Assuming that a set of corresponding points is found, the transformation between both views can be computed, thus allowing us to build the map and estimate the pose of the robot. In the suggested framework, the problem of finding correspondences between views is troublesome. Consequently, with the aim of performing a more reliable approach, we propose a new method to find correspondences between two omnidirectional images when the relative error between them is modeled by a gaussian distribution which correlates the current error on the map. In order to validate the ideas presented here, we have carried out a series of experiment in a real environment using real data. Experiment results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed
Seaweeds: Their Productivity and Strategy for Growth

[Fhe edge of the sea is one of the best habitats for plant growth in temperate latitudes. In favorable circumstances, net primary productivity may be as high as anywhere else on earthcomparable, for example, to a tropical rain forest. Seaweeds, which have successfully colonized this zone, are a unique form of life. They are attached to a hard substrate, not by a root system, but by a holdfast. Instead of relying on a rather localized supply of nuLtrients in the soil, they take their nutrients from the water that surrounds them. Because this water is kept in perpetual motion by tides and winds, the nutrient supply is virtually inexhauLstible. Even if the seaweeds aind plankton deplete the nutrients in surface waters, wind-induced or estuari ne mixing renews the supply by caus1ngQ upwelling of deeper water. TFhe -growth of seaweeds below lowtide level, in the sublittoral, is far richer than in the intertidal areas. Before the advent of underwater vehicles a,tnd scuiba g,ear, the al(ae of the intertidal zone were the focus Of attention .ind provided elegant examples of species zonatiotn in relation to gradients of environmenital factors, such as degree of exposure to air or anmount of wave ction (M). While the intertidal zone is inhabited primarily by the fucoids, or rockweeds, the sublittoral is dominated
On using ABC for deriving distinguishing sequences for Verilog-descriptions

In this paper, we discuss how a software ABC can be effectively used to derive distinguishing sequences for Verilog-descriptions. A set of these sequences can serve as a test suite for a digital device that is designed based on the corresponding Verilog-description using the FPGA technology. The paper contains a methodology for such test derivation technique, as well as technical details about the use of the tool and necessary commands. ABC can be easily downloaded from its official web site, and an interested reader can always repeat these experiments or apply this technology for more serious industrial need.
Mapping Direct Observations From Objective Structured Clinical Examinations to the Milestones Across Specialties.

BACKGROUND Little is known about residents' performance on the milestones at the institutional level. Our institution formed a work group to explore this using an institutional-level curriculum and residents' evaluation of the milestones. OBJECTIVE We assessed whether beginner-level milestones for interpersonal and communication skills (ICS) related to observable behaviors in ICS-focused objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) for postgraduate year (PGY) 1 residents across specialties. METHODS The work group compared ICS subcompetencies across 12 programs to identify common beginner-level physician-patient communication milestones. The selected ICS milestone sets were compared for common language with the ICS-OSCE assessment tool-the Kalamazoo Essential Elements of Communication Checklist-Adapted (KEECC-A). To assess whether OSCE scores related to ICS milestone scores, all PGY-1 residents from programs that were part of Next Accreditation System Phase 1 were identified; their OSCE scores from July 2013 to June 2014 and ICS subcompetency scores from December 2014 were compared. RESULTS The milestones for 10 specialties and the transitional year had at least 1 ICS subcompetency that related to physician-patient communication. The language of the ICS beginner-level milestones appears similar to behaviors outlined in the KEECC-A. All 60 residents with complete data received at least a beginner-level ICS subcompetency score and at least a satisfactory score on all 3 OSCEs. CONCLUSIONS The ICS-OSCE scores for PGY-1 residents appear to relate to beginner-level milestones for physician-patient communication across multiple specialties.
EARLY-TYPE GALAXY CORE PHASE DENSITIES

Early-type galaxies have projected central density brightness profile logarithmic slopes, γ′, ranging from about 0 to 1. We show that γ′ is strongly correlated, r = 0.83, with the coarse grain phase density of the galaxy core, Q0 ≡ ρ/σ3. The luminosity–γ′ correlation is much weaker, r = −0.51. Q0 also serves to separate the distribution of steep core profiles, γ′ > 0.5, from shallow profiles, γ′ < 0.3, although there are many galaxies of intermediate slope, at intermediate Q0, in a volume-limited sample. The transition phase density separating the two profile types is approximately 0.003 M☉ pc−3 km−3 s3, which is also where the relation between Q0 and core mass shows a change in slope, the rotation rate of the central part of the galaxy increases, and the ratio of the black hole to core mass increases. These relations are considered relative to the globular cluster inspiral core buildup and binary black hole core scouring mechanisms for core creation and evolution. Mass-enhanced globular cluster inspiral models have quantitative predictions that are supported by data, but no single model yet completely explains the correlations.
THE COMPONENTS OF EMPATHY AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE PROJECTION OF HUMAN MOVEMENT RESPONSES.

Abstract Nature of components of empathy was examined and related to movement responses of ink blot perception protocols. Subjects were twenty-eight interns and advanced practicum students. Holtzman Inkblot Technique was administered to subjects, and subjects recorded therapy interviews. Subjects read typescripted segments of each others' interviews and used rating scales to describe their behavior. Components of empathy scores derived from rating scale responses were intercorrelated using rank order methods and compared to movement responses on projective protocols. Results indicated more accurate observers of others' behavior were also more accurately (p ≤ .01) perceived. Accuracy was not related to the judged appropriateness of the behavior. More accurately described subjects had higher movement scores (p ≤ .05), regardless of dynamic character or associational content of projected movement.