Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Chronic Disease on Work Behavior over the Life Cycle

hours of work, lower wage rates, early retirement and disability transfer programs. Approximately 14 percent of working age individuals report they have a health problem which restricts their activity [34]. While a number of studies exist documenting the relationship between health and labor market activity, most of the evidence specifically examining the association between poor health and labor force participation is derived from cross-sectional analyses. Furthermore, the majority of these studies consider the impact of poor health in general as opposed to specific chronic health conditions. ' Thus, while the accumulated evidence clearly indicates that poor health has significant negative effects on labor force participation, these findings are limited because they do not consider the influence of chronic disease on work behavior over the life cycle.2 The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the onset of a chronic disease-arthritis -on work behavior over life cycle. Arthritis is an excellent health condition to study in this context for at least two reasons. First, while arthritis is a painful and crippling disease, it is rarely lifethreatening.3 Thus, the major impact of this disease is reflected by the influence it has on the capacity to work. Second, arthritis is the most common chronic disease and second leading cause of work disability in the United States [11]. In fact, the Arthritis Foundation reports that more than 40 million Americans or one in seven persons have some form of this disease. The econometric technique used here-a dynamic hazard model-is the appropriate methodology to examine the health-work relationship over the life cycle because this approach estimates the pattern of labor force behavior after disease onset. Since the results indicate the duration of
Damping in aluminum nitride contour mode MEMS resonators

This work compiles the efforts made to determine and model the main damping mechanisms in Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Contour Mode Resonators (CMRs). Experiments have proved that there are two main sources of damping dominating the AlN CMR quality factor (Q) at very and ultra high frequency (V/UHF): thermoelastic damping (TED) in the metal electrodes (Qted) and anchor losses (Qanc). A semi-analytical 1D approach that treats the electrodes as standard anelastic solids exhibiting thermoelastic coupling has been followed to qualitatively estimate Qted. Instead, a finite element method (FEM) that imposes fixed-constraints (FC) at the edge of the released substrate and computes the energy lost as the total acoustic energy transferred to the substrate has been developed to quantitatively predict Qanc. As an example of the experiments run to demonstrate the impact of Qted and Qanc, we look, in this work, at the temperature dependence of Q displayed by resonators having different electrodes materials.
RUFS: RobUst Forwarder Selection in Vehicular Content-Centric Networks

Vehicular Content-Centric Network (VCCN) has emerged as a future network technology for vehicular networks, where the focus of communication is shifted from the host to information centric. However, VCCN faces several challenges, including interest/data packet(s) flooding, provider/consumer mobility, and so on. In this letter, we propose a scheme named RobUst Forwarder Selection (RUFS) to mitigate the interest broadcast storm. In RUFS, each vehicle shares its satisfied interest(s) statistics with neighbors. All neighbors store this information in their Neighbors Satisfied List (NSL), which helps to select the potential interest forwarder. Simulation results show that RUFS outperforms the recently proposed NAIF, DR based and basic interest forwarding in VCCN.
Possibility-Based Trust for Mobile Wireless Networks

Managing trust in mobile networks necessitates dealing with uncertainty, resulting from incomplete, duplicate or conflicting evidence. In this work, possibility theory is used to deal with uncertainty, and a trust model is developed that includes the network nodes’ integrity, their competency and that of the connections among them. Evidence obtained by direct observation (‘passive’) is integrated with that solicited from other nodes (‘active’) to generate possibility distributions, or trust profiles, that can be combined, updated and discounted. Simulations of mobile ad hoc networks show that the inclusion of these trust profiles in routing decisions conserves network resources and limits data exposure by directing packets over reliable links through uncompromised nodes. Possibility theory enables the information gain provided by different forms of evidence to be evaluated, and this is used to explore the benefits of different sources of active trust evidence. It is seen that passive evidence is not sufficient to maintain trust profiles with low uncertainty, and that active trust evidence obtained by authentication requests provides higher informational value than that received using reputation solicitation.
Microbial diversity of mine water at Zhong Tiaoshan copper mine, China

Microbial diversity of mine water at Zhong Tiaoshan copper mine, Shanxi province, China, was analyzed using a culture‐independent 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) based on cloning approach. A total of 59 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from 226 clones from all three samples (8 OTUs from sample SX1, 25 from SX2 and 26 from SX3). 46 of them were representative OTUs and were sequenced. 93.5% of the total clones had sequences that were less than 5% difference from those in the nucleic acids database. The percentage of overlapping OTUs among samples was from 12.1% to 35.3%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that 60.62% of the clones were affiliated with members of the Proteobacteria (α ‐3.10%, β ‐24.78%, γ ‐31.41%, δ ‐1.33%), whereas 29.20% of the clones were closely related to the Nitrospira (Leptospirillum ferrooxidans 20.80%, Leptospirillum ferriphilum 0.88% and Leptospirillum group III 7.52%, respectively). The rest clones were affiliated with the Firmicutes (2.65%) and the Bacteroidetes (7.52%). The results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the percentages of OTUs and biogeochemical data revealed that biogeochemical properties affected the diversity of microbial communities in mine water. Especially, the pH value, temperature and different concentrations of elements such as lead, zinc, sulfur, iron and copper seemed to be key factors affecting the composition and structure of microbial communities in this study. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Double-Edged Sword of Backward Compatibility: The Adoption of Multi-Generational Platforms in the Presence of Intergenerational Services*

We investigate the impact of the intergenerational nature of services, via backward compatibility, on the adoption of multi-generational platforms. We consider a mobile Internet platform that has evolved over several generations and for which users download complementary services from third party providers. These services are often intergenerational: newer platform generations are backward compatible with respect to services released under earlier generation platforms. In this paper, we propose a model to identify the main drivers of consumers’ choice of platform generation, accounting for (i) the migration from older to newer platform generations, (ii) the indirect network effect on platform adoption due to same-generation services, and (iii) the effect on platform adoption due to the consumption of intergenerational services via backward compatibility. Using data on mobile Internet platform adoption and services consumption for the time period of 2001 – 2007 from a major wireless carrier in an Asian country, we estimate the three effects noted above. We show that both the migration from older to newer platform generations and the indirect network effects are significant. The surprising finding is that intergenerational services that connect subsequent generations of platforms essentially engender backward compatibility with two opposing effects. While an intergenerational service may accelerate the migration to the subsequent platform generations, it may also, perhaps unintentionally, provide a fresh lease on life for earlier generation platforms due to the continued use of earlier generation services on newer platform generations.
Müllerian inhibiting substance contributes to sex-linked biases in the brain and behavior

Many behavioral traits and most brain disorders are common to males and females but are more evident in one sex than the other. The control of these subtle sex-linked biases is largely unstudied and has been presumed to mirror that of the highly dimorphic reproductive nuclei. Sexual dimorphism in the reproductive tract is a product of Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), as well as the sex steroids. Males with a genetic deficiency in MIS signaling are sexually males, leading to the presumption that MIS is not a neural regulator. We challenge this presumption by reporting that most immature neurons in mice express the MIS-specific receptor (MISRII) and that male Mis−/− and Misrii−/− mice exhibit subtle feminization of their spinal motor neurons and of their exploratory behavior. Consequently, MIS may be a broad regulator of the subtle sex-linked biases in the nervous system.
Ternary effects on the gas exchange of isotopologues of carbon dioxide.

The ternary effects of transpiration rate on the rate of assimilation of carbon dioxide through stomata, and on the calculation of the intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide, are now included in standard gas exchange studies. However, the equations for carbon isotope discrimination and for the exchange of oxygen isotopologues of carbon dioxide ignore ternary effects. Here we introduce equations to take them into account. The ternary effect is greatest when the leaf-to-air vapour mole fraction difference is greatest, and its impact is greatest on parameters derived by difference, such as the mesophyll resistance to CO(2) assimilation, r(m) . We show that the mesophyll resistance to CO(2) assimilation has been underestimated in the past. The impact is also large when there is a large difference in isotopic composition between the CO(2) inside the leaf and that in the air. We show that this partially reconciles estimates of the oxygen isotopic composition of CO(2) in the chloroplast and mitochondria in the light and in the dark, with values close to equilibrium with the estimated oxygen isotopic composition of water at the sites of evaporation within the leaf.
Neural mechanisms of joint attention in infancy

One of the key transitions in early cognitive development is from participating in face‐to‐face interactions to engaging in joint attention exchanges. It is known that the ability to jointly attend with another person to an object is essential for the development of abilities such as language in later life. Strikingly, little is known about the function of joint attention in infants in the first year. We developed a novel interactive‐live paradigm to assess the neural mechanisms of joint attention in 9‐month‐old infants. An adult interacted with each infant, and infants' electrical brain activity was measured in two contexts. In the joint attention context, a live adult gazed at the infants' face and then to a computer displayed novel object. In the non‐joint attention context the adult gazed only to the novel object. We found that the negative component of the infant event‐related potential (ERP), a neural correlate indexing attentional processes, was enhanced in amplitude during the processing of objects when infants were engaged in a joint attention interaction compared to a non‐joint attention interaction. These results suggest that infants benefit from joint attention interactions by focusing their limited attentional resources to specific aspects of the surrounding environment.
Investigation of infertility management in primary care with open access hysterosalpingography (HSG): a pilot study

Infertility affects one in seven couples in the United Kingdom. The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) issued guidance on the management of the infertile couple in February 2004, which included the statement “for the assessment of tubal damage, women not known to have co-morbidities (pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis or previous ectopic pregnancy) should be offered hysterosalpingography (HSG)”. We made HSG available to six general practices in Newcastle upon Tyne as an open access investigation. Our aim was to evaluate the uptake of open access HSG, speed of access to specialist services and the quality of the information recorded in the referral letter. Using hospital clinical records we tracked the outcome of all infertile couples from the six pilot practices over a nine-month period. Of the 39 referrals identified, 10 women were eligible for open access HSG, of which six HSGs were organized by GPs. Couples who had open access HSG reached a diagnosis and management plan four weeks earlier than those who were referred directly (mean difference 4.0 weeks, 95% confidence interval (CI) −8.8 to 0.4 weeks). The information recorded in the referral letter was generally poor. However, all referrals made via the open access HSG service had the prerequisite tests done. Open access HSG allowed prompter access to specialist services with more complete information passed on in the referral letter. Open access HSG was used in 15% of all infertile couples and 60% of those who fitted the criteria for its use. Open access HSG together with semen analysis and endocrine blood tests may allow GPs to manage the initial stages of the infertile couple and make a diagnosis.
Multilingual parallel corpus of UN documents for contrastive and translation studies

The United Nations has six official languages in its documentation. Most documents, all the resolutions in particular, are very well translated manually. They are very good texts for contrastive and translation studies. In order to make it more convenient for the language teachers and researchers to do computer processing, all the six versions of the resolutions are paragraph (clause) aligned. Problems encountered in the alignment are described and pilot investigations of the English and French preambular guide words, the head nouns of the Chinese and English document titles, and the structure of conference names in Chinese and English are reported as examples of its applications in contrastive and translation studies.
Mobilization and youth political engagement: An analysis of mobilization efforts utilizing political ads aimed at youth during the 2000 and 2004 fall presidential election campaigns

Despite historically low turnout rates youth showed up in the 2004 presidential election at a rate 13 percent higher than in the 2000 presidential election. This study explores the factors related to the increase in turnout specifically in terms of mobilization in the form of political ads through a comparison of political ads sponsored by candidates, parties and interest groups in 2000 and 2004 presidential elections. The findings indicate that in the 2004 presidential election youth issues were given greater attention than in 2000. This increase in activity towards youth issues was associated with an increase in youth interest in the election and thus an increase in youth turnout.
The Expected Norm of Random Matrices

We compare the Euclidean operator norm of a random matrix with the Euclidean norm of its rows and columns. In the first part of this paper, we show that if A is a random matrix with i.i. d. zero mean entries, then E∥A∥h [les ] Kh (E maxi ∥ai[bull ] ∥h + E maxj ∥aj[bull ] ∥h), where K is a constant which does not depend on the dimensions or distribution of A (h, however, does depend on the dimensions). In the second part we drop the assumption that the entries of A are i.i. d. We therefore consider the Euclidean operator norm of a random matrix, A, obtained from a (non-random) matrix by randomizing the signs of the matrix's entries. We show that in this case, the best inequality possible (up to a multiplicative constant) is E∥A∥h [les ] (c log1/4 min {m, n})h (E maxi ∥ai[bull ] ∥h + E maxj ∥aj[bull ] ∥h) (m, n the dimensions of the matrix and c a constant independent of m, n).
Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis: historic cohort study

Background Giardia lamblia is a common cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, but there is limited knowledge about the long-term complications. Objective To estimate the relative risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute giardiasis. Design Controlled historic cohort study with 3 years' follow-up. Data collected by mailed questionnaire. Setting Waterborne outbreak of giardiasis in the city of Bergen, Norway. Participants 817 patients exposed to Giardia lamblia infection verified by detection of cysts in stool samples and 1128 matched controls. Main outcome measures IBS and chronic fatigue. Results The prevalence of IBS in the exposed group was 46.1%, compared with 14.0% in the control group, and the adjusted RR=3.4 (95% CI 2.9 to 3.8). Chronic fatigue was reported by 46.1% of the exposed group and 12.0% of the controls, the adjusted RR was 4.0 (95% CI 3.5 to 4.5). IBS and chronic fatigue were associated and the RR for the exposed group of having a combination of the two outcomes was 6.8 (95% CI 5.3 to 8.5). The RR was also increased for having just one of the two syndromes, 1.8 for IBS (95% CI 1.4 to 2.3) and 2.2 for chronic fatigue (95% CI 1.7 to 2.8). Conclusions Infection with Giardia lamblia in a non-endemic area was associated with a high prevalence of IBS and chronic fatigue 3 years after acute illness, and the risk was significantly higher than in the control group. This shows that the potential consequences of giardiasis are more serious than previously known. Further studies are needed, especially in areas where giardiasis is endemic.
Estimating Long Memory Volatility Using High-Frequency Data of Asian Stock Markets

This article analyzed the presence of long memory in volatility in 5 Asian equity indices namely SENSEX, CNIA, NIKKEI225, KO11 and FTSTI, using 5 minutes intraday return series ranging from 05-jan-2015 to 06-Aug-2015. The study employed ARFIMA-FIGARCH model and ARFIMA-APARCH model and compared them with GARCH (1,1) model and APARACH(1,1) in terms of in-sample forecast accuracy. The results confirmed the presence of long memory in both the return and volatility series for all the five markets under study. Among the group, CNIA and STI showed most persistence in both the return and conditional volatility. In terms of forecast measures, the long-memory GARCH models were found to be performing better compared to the short-memory GARCH models.
The binding of ligands to thrombin, trypsin and avidin: validation of a structure activity model

It has been found that a previously described general structure activity model and its modified form can accurately describe the binding interactions of a series of inhibitors to thrombin, trypsin and avidin, particularly the nature of ligand (de/re)solvation processes immediately preceding actual ligand-protein binding. In particular, these structural activity relationships have been validated using literature QM/MM, MD, solvation, dipole spectroscopy and x-ray structural studies. The derived equations for the three enzymes give detailed information about the desolvation, hydrophobicity, dipole moment / induced dipole polarization, and molecular volumes of the various inhibitor series as they influence binding to the enzymes. For thrombin and trypsin where significant non-additivity and enthalpy-entropy compensation occur during ligand binding, it is shown that while the free energy of binding can give good correlations with the model, and strong correlations are separately found with the enthalpy and entropy of binding. The main difference is that the desolvation effects (ΔG desolv is positive) dominate the inhibitors-thrombin series, whereas the opposite effect of solvation or resolvation (ΔG desolv is negative) dominates the inhibitors-trypsin series. The observed difference is due to the different nature of the ligands structures in the two series of ligands. The dominance of the solvation contribution to the equations for thrombin and trypsin are consistent with MD studies which show ligand-protein binding is primarily driven by a competition between ligand and water not increased affinity with thrombin. The effect of ligand polarizability on binding is also in accord with MD studies where the polarizability of trypsin was turned on and off and also is known to be important in ligand-thrombin binding. Co-operativity and additivity effects can be demonstrated using the relatively simple general model which is in agreement with more sophisticated and intensive MD or MD/QM studies. The model gives easily accessible information on (de/re)solvation as important factors influencing drug-protein interactions which is missing from most SAR or QSAR type studies [Cherkasov 2014] or available only from intensive MD studies. It is suggested that validation of structural activity relationships should be based on independent physio-chemical mechanistic evidence not statistical validation from numerous sources where the accuracy of experimental data is often non-homogeneous and statistically confounded. Objectives 1. Test the applicability of a previously developed general predictive structure activity model incorporating water desolvation, hydrophobicity, dipole moment/polarizability and molecular volume applied to the thermochemistry of various ligands binding to thrombin, trypsin and avidin, particularly where non-additivity and enthalpy-entropy compensation are known to occur with thrombin and trypsin
Implementation of a Combat Casualty Trauma Registry

The Joint Theater Trauma Registry is a standardized, retrospective data collection system for all echelons of combat casualty care. Military-specific data elements include expanded demographic data to include military branch, service, rank, military occupation, and personal protective equipment. Varying data from each echelon are entered into the Joint Theater Trauma Registry, version 3. The Joint Theater Trauma Registry, version 3 at the echelon 4 medical treatment facility requires routine collection of 367 data elements for each casualty, but casualties sustaining burns, deaths, or those with performance improvement issues may have more than 450 data elements recorded. Trauma registries are powerful tools for process improvement. Collaboration between civilian and military trauma programs may foster improvements in registry design and data collection for both groups.