Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hacia un nuevo recurso léxico: ¿fusión entre corpus y diccionario?

En los ultimos anos el concepto de diccionario esta cambiando en su relacion con el corpus y, como mostraremos, hay indicios de que el diccionario y el corpus se empiezan a (con)fundir. La interaccion entre corpus y diccionario es continua. Por un lado, es impensable actualmente abordar una empresa lexicografica sin apoyarse en un corpus. El corpus no solo sirve para proporcionar ejemplos a la informacion ya incluida en el diccionario, sino que la practica actual en Lexicografia es que el corpus conduce la busqueda de informacion que se incluye en el diccionario. Como veremos mas tarde, actualmente la Lexicografia no solo esta basada en el corpus sino conducida por el (Krishnamurty 2008). Por otro lado, la anotacion de corpus ocupa un lugar cada vez mas prominente en los estudios linguisticos y para anotar un corpus, bien sea morfologica, sintactica o semanticamente, se necesita de una manera o de otra un diccionario. La influencia entre ambas herramientas se ve facilitada, ademas, por los medios electronicos puesto que los diccionarios modernos se conciben como bases de datos en soporte informatico. Por esa razon, el diccionario se asimila cada vez mas a una plataforma de acceso a la informacion lexica y esa informacion puede estar en (o ser) el propio corpus. En esta comunicacion, nos proponemos analizar como esta evolucionando la relacion entre corpus y diccionario de tal modo que de interaccion se empieza a pasar a solapamiento. La tesis que vamos a defender es que el diccionario debe contener un corpus pero el segundo no puede sustituir al primero. Por tanto, defenderemos el papel importante del corpus pero sometido al diccionario. Para abordar la interaccion entre corpus y diccionario, puede resultar util la distincion establecida por Kilgarriff (2005) entre las dos vias siguientes: 1) “poner el corpus en el diccionario” (PCED), que representa la actual Lexicografia basada en corpus; 2) “poner el diccionario en el corpus” (PDEC), que seria la defendida por los que codifican la informacion en el corpus, tal y como se hace en algunos trabajos de desambiguacion semantica automatica o en cualquier tarea de anotacion de corpus que necesite informacion lexica. En la seccion siguiente, exploraremos con algun detenimiento estas dos vias para llegar a la seccion 3 en donde abordaremos mas en detalle este proceso de hibridacion entre corpus y diccionario que ya estamos anunciando. Con el fin de ejemplificar ese emergente concepto de diccionario como una interfaz de acceso a la informacion contenida en el corpus, nos detendremos en mostrar un caso particular: el Diccionario de colocaciones del espanol (DiCE, Alonso Ramos 2002, 2004) y sus posibilidades de explotacion del corpus incluido en el. Por ultimo, esbozaremos algunas lineas futuras de esta investigacion que apuntan hacia una concepcion mas abierta y dinamica del entorno que reuna diferentes recursos lexicos.
Pathway analysis of protein electron-transfer reactions.

One of the central challenges in molecular biophysics is to understand how proteins control biochemical reactions in living organisms. In their folded states, proteins exhibit a variety of structural fluctuations. The question before us is; how do protein structure and dynamics control biological function? Our goal is to develop tools that allow us to simulate and understand those aspects of biomolecular structure and dynamics that establish the unique capabilities of these molecules. Our hope is to arrive at a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that control biochemical reactions and to establish design criteria for new proteins that will perform specific tasks.
Bringing cognitive infocommunications to small language communities

Cognitive infocommunications systems extend our cognitive capabilities by providing fast infocommunications links to huge repositories of information produced by the cognitive activities of social communities. English Wikipedia has over 5 million articles that can be accessed instantly and are updated constantly by a global community. But does this mean that small language communities will need to use English in order to extend their cognitive capabilities? The DigiSami project supports the development of language technology tools and digital linguistic resources that will help the revitalisation of small Fenno-Ugric languages. The project focuses on North Sami, the most widely-spoken Sami language, and supports work on speech recognition and speech synthesis for North Sami. It is developing a Sami-speaking robot system, SamiTalk, which uses Sami Wikipedia as its source of information and can be considered to be a CogInfoCom channel.
Détection d’évènements à partir de Twitter [Event Detection in Tweets]

We present a system for finding, from Twitter data, events that raised the interest of users within a given time period and the important dates for each event. An event is represented by many terms whose frequency increases suddenly at one or more moments during the analysed period. In order to determine the terms (especially the hashtags) dealing with a topic, we propose methods to cluster similar terms: phonetic methods adapted to the writing mode used by users and some statistical methods. In order to select the set of events, we used three main criteria: frequency, variation and Tf·Idf. MOTS-CLES : Twitter, hashtags, evenement, similarite semantique, DBscan.
The mitochondrial genome of the bristletail Petrobius brevistylis (Archaeognatha: Machilidae)

The complete mitochondrial genome of the bristletail Petrobius brevistylis has been determined. The genome is 15 698 bp long and bears the standard set of genes common to all arthropods as well as a major non‐coding A + T‐rich region, the putative mitochondrial control region. A unique gene order was revealed as it differs from other hexapod and crustacean mitochondrial genomes in the position of tRNA‐Tyr. Genome features like nucleotide composition and codon usage are compared with that of other insect taxa. A + T content is similar in species of Archaeognatha and Zygentoma, but obviously lower than in Collembola and Pterygota. This A + T bias significantly affects also amino acid frequencies and may be a problem for phylogenetic analyses.
B 2 kinin receptor upregulation by cAMP is associated with BK-induced PGE 2 production in rat mesangial cells

Marin Castaño, Maria E. , Joost P. Schanstra, Christophe Hirtz, João B. Pesquero, Christiane Pecher, Jean-Pierre Girolami, and Jean-Loup Bascands. B2 kinin receptor upregulation by cAMP is associated with BK-induced PGE2 production in rat mesangial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Renal Physiol. 43): F532–F540, 1998. —In the rat mesangial cell (MC), activation of the bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) by bradykinin (BK) is associated with both phospholipase C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2) activities and with inhibition of adenosine 38,58-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) formation leading to cell contraction. Because cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression in general, we investigated the effect of increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]i) in mesangial cells on the B2 mRNA expression, on the density of B2 receptor binding sites, on the BK-induced increase in both the free cytosolic Ca21 concentration ([Ca]i), and in the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Forskolin, PGE2, and cAMP analog, 8-bromoadenosine 38,58-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP), were used to increase [cAMP]i. Twenty-four-hour treatment with forskolin, PGE2, and 8-BrcAMP resulted in significant increases in B2 receptor binding sites, which were inhibited by cycloheximide. The maximum B2 receptor mRNA expression (160% above control) was observed in cells treated during 24 h with forskolin and was prevented by actinomycin D. In contrast, the D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation and the BK-induced increase in [Ca]i, reflecting activation of PLC, were not affected by increased levels of [cAMP]i. However, the BK-induced PGE2 release, reflecting PLA2 activity, was significantly enhanced. These data bring new information regarding the dual signaling pathways of B2 receptors that can be differentially regulated by cAMP.
Design considerations on the DC capacitor of each chopper cell in a modular multilevel cascade inverters (MMCI-DSCC) for medium-voltage motor drives

This paper describes an adjustable-speed motor with a quadratic-torque load such as fans, blowers, pumps, and compressors. The motor is characterized by being driven by the modular multilevel cascaded inverter based on doublestar chopper cells (MMCI-DSCC) A design for both mean dc-capacitor voltage and ac-voltage fluctuation in each dc capacitor used within DSCC is carried out to provide a design consideration on capacitance values of each dc capacitor. Experimental waveforms obtained from a 400-V, 15-kW downscaled system verify the validity of the theoretical analysis, and stable driving performance from a standstill to a motor mechanical speed of 1334 min-1 with quadratic-torque load.
Oxidative stress mediates neuronal DNA damage and apoptosis in response to cytosine arabinoside

Cytosine arabinoside (AraC) is a nucleoside analog that produces significant neurotoxicity in cancer patients. The mechanism by which AraC causes neuronal death is a matter of some debate because the conventional understanding of AraC toxicity requires incorporation into newly synthesized DNA. Here we demonstrate that AraC‐induced apoptosis of cultured cerebral cortical neurons is mediated by oxidative stress. AraC‐induced cell death was reduced by treatment with several different free‐radical scavengers (N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, dipyridamole, uric acid, and vitamin E) and was increased following depletion of cellular glutathione stores. AraC induced the formation of reactive oxygen species in neurons as measured by an increase in the fluorescence of the dye 5‐(6)‐carboxy‐2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. AraC produced DNA single‐strand breaks as measured by single‐cell gel electrophoresis and the level of DNA strand breakage was reduced by treatment with the free radical scavengers. These data support a model in which AraC induces neuronal apoptosis by provoking the generation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative DNA damage and initiating the p53‐dependent apoptotic program. These observations suggest the use of antioxidant therapies to reduce neurotoxicity in AraC chemotherapeutic regimens.
Normal and abnormal embryonic development of the anorectum in human embryos.

In the literature, some controversy still exists about the normal and abnormal development of the human anorectum. Therefore, a three-dimensional and histological study was performed on human embryos. In early anorectal development (< or = 49 days postfertilization), the cloaca plays a crucial role, separated from the amniotic cavity by its cloacal membrane. In the cloaca, the yolk sac/primitive hindgut and allantois/primitive urogenital sinus enter. During the embryonic caudal folding process, incorporation of these structures occurs, including their surrounding extraembryonic mesoderm, which fuses to form the urorectal septum. Consequently, this septum does not grow in the direction of the cloacal membrane, and fusion of these structures is likewise never observed. The cloaca remains as such until the cloacal membrane ruptures by apoptotic cell death. The dorsal part of the cloaca then becomes part of the amniotic cavity, and is by no means involved in the development of the anorectum. The tip of the urorectal septum will become the perineal area. Soon after rupture of the cloacal membrane, during late anorectal development (> or = 49 days postfertilization), a secondary occlusion of the anorectal canal occurs, first due to adhesion, followed by formation of an epithelial "plug" at the level of the anal orifice. Recanalization, by apoptotic cell death, of this secondary occluded anal orifice occurs later during development. Based on these embryological observations, congenital anorectal malformations with an abnormal communication to the exterior are best explained as early embryonic defects. The abnormal communications, usually called fistulae, should be regarded as ectopic anal orifices. Anorectal malformations with the anus in normal position are best explained as late embryonic defects.
Expansion planning of electric power distribution systems under the paradigm of price cap regulation

This paper presents a GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure) algorithm applied to resolution of expansion planning of electric power distribution systems (EPDS) under the paradigm of Price Cap regulation. The design of the expansion planning problem considering the tariff methodology becomes an important and challenging problem to be solved. In this sense, this paper presents the results of development of a methodology that considers the variables of Price Cap model along with the classic problem of expansion of electric power distribution systems. The proposed model is a problem of mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), which is solved by employing the metaheuristic GRASP combined with a Constructive Heuristic Algorithm (CHA). Results of two distribution systems are demonstrated in order to analyze the algorithm development.
Filipino Consumers' Decision-Making Model in Social Commerce

The proliferation of the social activities in the social media platform in the Philippines created an avenue for business entrepreneurs to take advantage of the opportunity to expand their markets and to attract online consumers, thus social commerce has emerged as the new era of e-commerce. The importance of social commerce has been widely explored in recent literature in understanding the several factors influencing the intention of the consumer to purchase online. However, there is a lack of studies here in the Philippines on how social interactions affect the intention of the individuals to engage in social commerce specifically in a Facebook platform. The study aims to examine the social interaction of Filipino consumers as for how this would affect their online purchasing behavior by conceptualizing the constructs of WOM communication and observing other consumer’s purchases and examining their impacts on the intention to purchase, actual purchase and post-purchase behavior. The study collected 125 responses from the surveyed online consumers. The study resulted that the positive valence WOM and observing other consumer’s purchases significantly affect consumers’ intention to purchase a product, leading to the opportunity of actual purchase and sharing of product information with peers on social commerce platform.
Using Action Objects Contextual Information for a Multichannel SVM in an Action Recognition Approach based on Bag of Visual Words

Classifying web videos using a Bag of Words (BoW) representation has received increased attention due to its computational simplicity and good performance. The increasing number of categories, including actions with high confusion, and the addition of significant contextual information has lead to most of the authors focusing their efforts on the combination of descriptors. In this field, we propose to use the multikernel Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a contrasted selection of kernels. It is widely accepted that using descriptors that give different kind of information tends to increase the performance. To this end, our approach introduce contextual information, i.e. objects directly related to performed action by pre-selecting a set of points belonging to objects to calculate the codebook. In order to know if a point is part of an object, the objects are previously tracked by matching consecutive frames, and the object bounding box is calculated and labeled. We code the action videos using BoW representation with the object codewords and introduce them to the SVM as an additional kernel. Experiments have been carried out on two action databases, KTH and HMDB, the results provide a significant improvement with respect to other similar approaches.
Dynamic alterations in chemokine gradients induce transendothelial shuttling of human T cells under physiologic shear conditions

The active movement of cells from subendothelial compartments into the bloodstream (intravasation) has been recognized for several decades by histologic and physiologic studies, yet the molecular effectors of this process are relatively uncharacterized. For extravasation, studies based predominantly on static transwell assays support a general model, whereby transendothelial migration (TEM) occurs via chemoattraction toward increasing chemokine concentrations. However, this model of chemotaxis cannot readily reconcile how chemokines influence intravasation, as shear forces of blood flow would likely abrogate luminal chemokine gradient(s). Thus, to analyze how T cells integrate perivascular chemokine signals under physiologic flow, we developed a novel transwell‐based flow chamber allowing for real‐time modulation of chemokine levels above (luminal/apical compartment) and below (abluminal/subendothelial compartment) HUVEC monolayers. We routinely observed human T cell TEM across HUVEC monolayers with the combination of luminal CXCL12 and abluminal CCL5. With increasing concentrations of CXCL12 in the luminal compartment, transmigrated T cells did not undergo retrograde transendothelial migration (retro‐TEM). However, when exposed to abluminal CXCL12, transmigrated T cells underwent striking retro‐TEM and re‐entered the flow stream. This CXCL12 fugetactic (chemorepellant) effect was concentration‐dependent, augmented by apical flow, blocked by antibodies to integrins, and reduced by AMD3100 in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, CXCL12‐induced retro‐TEM was inhibited by PI3K antagonism and cAMP agonism. These findings broaden our understanding of chemokine biology and support a novel paradigm by which temporospatial modulations in subendothelial chemokine display drive cell migration from interstitial compartments into the bloodstream.
Elevated troponin predicts long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive crisis: a retrospective study

Background: Hypertensive crisis is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Elevated troponin, frequently observed in hypertensive crisis, may be attributed to myocardial supply-demand mismatch or obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, in patients presenting with hypertensive crisis and an elevated troponin, the prevalence of CAD and the long-term adverse cardiovascular outcomes are unknown. Objective: We sought to assess the impact of elevated troponin on cardiovascular outcomes and evaluate the role of troponin as a predictor of obstructive CAD in patients with hypertensive crisis. Methods: Patients who presented with hypertensive crisis (n = 236) were screened retrospectively. Baseline and follow-up data including the event rates were obtained using electronic patient records. Those without an assay for cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) (n = 65) were excluded. Of the remaining 171 patients, those with elevated cTnI (cTnI ≥ 0.12 ng/ml) (n = 56) were compared with those with normal cTnI (cTnI < 0.12 ng/ml) (n = 115) at 2 years for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) (composite of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, hypertensive crisis, pulmonary edema, stroke or transient ischemic attack). Results: At 2 years, MACCE occurred in 40 (71.4%) patients with elevated cTnI compared with 44 (38.3%) patients with normal cTnI [hazard ratio: 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.79–4.27; P < 0.001]. Also, patients with elevated cTnI were significantly more likely to have underlying obstructive CAD (odds ratio: 8.97; 95% CI: 1.4–55.9; P < 0.01). Conclusion: In patients with hypertensive crisis, elevated cTnI confers a significantly greater risk of long-term MACCE, and is a strong predictor of obstructive CAD.
Timing Matters? Learning of Complex Spatiotemporal Sequences in Left-hemisphere Stroke Patients

During rehabilitation after stroke motor sequence learning is of particular importance because considerable effort is devoted to (re)acquiring lost motor skills. Previous studies suggest that implicit motor sequence learning is preserved in stroke patients but were restricted to the spatial dimension, although the timing of single action components is as important as their spatial order. As the left parietal cortex is known to play a critical role in implicit timing and spatiotemporal integration, in this study we applied an adapted version of the SRT task designed to assess both spatial (different stimulus locations) and temporal (different response–stimulus intervals) aspects of motor learning to 24 right-handed patients with a single left-hemisphere (LH) stroke and 24 age-matched healthy controls. Implicit retrieval of sequence knowledge was tested both at Day 1 and after 24 hr (Day 2). Additionally, voxel-based lesion symptom mapping was used to investigate the neurobiological substrates of the behavioral effects. Although LH stroke patients showed a combined spatiotemporal learning effect that was comparable to that observed in controls, LH stroke patients did not show learning effects for the learning probes in which only one type of sequence information was maintained whereas the other one was randomized. Particularly on Day 2, patients showed significantly smaller learning scores for these two learning probes than controls. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analyses revealed for all learning probes that diminished learning scores on Day 2 were associated with lesions of the striatum. This might be attributed to its role in motor chunking and offline consolidation as group differences occurred on Day 2 only. The current results suggest that LH stroke patients rely on multimodal information (here: temporal and spatial information) when retrieving motor sequence knowledge and are very sensitive to any disruption of the learnt sequence information as they seem to build very rigid chunks preventing them from forming independent spatial and temporal sequence representations.
The Development of the Origin Sense of the Preposition מִן in Biblical Hebrew

The origin sense of the preposition מן in Biblical Hebrew has been treated in various ways by traditional grammars and lexica. The discrepancy between the entries for מן in these sources indicates that a systematic and theoretically justifiable account of the nature of this sense was lacking. In this paper the Principled Polysemy Approach (Tyler and Evans 2013) was employed to analyse the origin sense (as defined) by investigating whether 1) it should be viewed as a distinct sense and 2) how is it related to the primary sense and the other senses of the preposition. The conclusion is reached that the origin sense is a distinct sense of the preposition and that it is related to the primary sense, which contains the semantic elements of locational source and separation, in a principled way.
1.5-$\mu$ m Frequency-Stabilized $\lambda/4$ -Shifted DFB LD Employing an External Fiber Ring Cavity With a Linewidth of 2.6 kHz and an RIN of $-$ 135 dB/Hz

We present a <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> frequency-stabilized λ/4-shifted distributed feedback laser diode (DFB LD) with an external fiber ring cavity. By controlling the λ/4-shifted DFB passband to track one Fabry-Pérot mode associated with the fiber ring cavity, the oscillation frequency was continuously tuned over 1.2 GHz without mode-hopping. The optical frequency was stabilized to a <sup>13</sup>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> absorption line with an external frequency modulation scheme that enabled us to realize an output beam without additional modulation. As a result, we obtained a frequency stability as high as 1.4 × 10<sup>-10</sup> for τ = 1 s and 1.3 × 10<sup>-11</sup> for τ = 100 s. In addition, we simultaneously achieved a linewidth of 2.6 kHz and a relative intensity noise of less than -135 dB/Hz.