Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p15INK4b in bladder carcinomas: decreased expression in superficial tumours

The p15 gene which encodes a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is located in the 9p21 chromosomal region that is frequently deleted in human bladder transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs). The aim of the present paper is to study the potential involvement of the p15 gene in the evolution of TCCs. p15 mRNA expression was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR in a series of 75 TCCs, 13 bladder cell lines and 6 normal bladder urothelia by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. p15 was expressed in the normal urothelium but p15 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in 66% of the superficial (Ta-T1) TCCs (P = 0.0015). In contrast, in muscle-invasive (T2-T4) TCCs, p15 expression differed widely between samples. p16 mRNA levels were also studied and there was no correlation between p15 and p16 mRNA levels, thus indicating that the two genes were regulated independently. Lower p15 expression in superficial tumours did not reflect a switch from quiescence to proliferative activity as normal proliferative urothelial controls did not present decreased p15 mRNA levels relative to quiescent normal urothelia. We further investigated the mechanisms underlying p15 down regulation. Homozygous deletions of the p15 gene, also involving the contiguous p16 gene, were observed in 42% of the TCCs with decreased p15 expression. No hypermethylation at multiple methylation-sensitive restriction sites in the 5′-CpG island of p15 was encountered in the remaining tumours. Our data suggest that decreased expression of p15 may be an important step in early neoplastic transformation of the urothelium and that a mechanism other than homozygous deletions or hypermethylation, may be involved in p15 down regulation. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
One-rule Genetic-Fuzzy classifier

An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is one of the widely used tools for defending computer networks. Its main goal is to classify activities into two major categories: (1) normal activities and (2) intrusive activities. Both types of activities are hard to predict as the boundaries cannot be well defined and a prediction process may generate false alarms. Many anomaly-based intrusion detection systems have experienced this. However, with fuzzy logic, the false alarm rate in determining intrusive activities can be reduced. This paper proposes a Onerule Genetic-Fuzzy classifier system to generate the fuzzy rules that are capable of detecting intrusive activities by using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GA is now a viable alternative for the detection of malicious intrusions. They tune the fuzzy membership functions and select an appropriate set of features. After that they generate a proper discrimination rule. Typically, a set of fuzzy rules (fuzzy classifiers) is used to define the normal and abnormal behavior in a computer network. The main goal of this work is to (1) evolve comprehensible rule(s) that improves the classification rate, (2) produce shorter rules, and (3) perform automatic feature selection according to the complexity of data. The proposed system combines both anomaly-based intrusion detection and misuse detection. A series of experimental results on the well-known KDD Cup 1999 data set [12] demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible. In the paper a performance of the evolved fuzzy classifiers with a classification accuracy of 92% is presented.
Action learning worldwide : experiences of leadership and organizational development

Preface PART 1: WHAT IS ACTION LEARNING? : CONTEXT AND APPROACHES Action Learning: The Classic Approach K.Weinstein Action Reflection Learning and Critical Reflection Approaches L.Yorks, J.O'Neil & V.Marsick Business Driven Action Learning: Why and How Organisational Learning and Leadership Development Must be Greater than the Rate of Change Y.Boshyk PART 2: ACTION LEARNING IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA How Some Companies Plan and Design Action Learning Management Development Programs in the United States: Lessons from the Practise S.Hicks General Electric's Action Learning Change Initiatives B.Davids, C.Aspler & B.McIvor Using Action Learning to Develop Human Resource Executives at General Electric P.Tourloukis Getting to the Future First S.Byrd & L.Dorsey Learning as an Adventure in a High-Growth Environment D.Hopkins Action Learning in the Public Sector: The Canadian Civil Service C.Brassard Action Reflection Learning in Latin America I.Rimanoczy PART 3: ACTION LEARNING IN EUROPE, THE MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA Business Driven Action Learning in the Nordic Region A.Reinholdsson Strategic Executive Learning and Development in French Multinationals N.Rolland Changing the Rules at the World Council of Churches K.Raiser & R.M. Gould Executive Development in Poland G.Lebkowska Action Learning in Israel S.Maital, S.Cizin, G.Gilan & T.Ramon Action Learning in South Africa B.Isaacson PART 4: ACTION LEARNING IN ASIA PACIFIC Competing for the Future: Action Learning and Korean Multinationals T.Lee Business Driven Action Learning in Japan M.N. Honjo Strategic Change Management at Merck Hong Kong R.Pearson Building Internal Capacities for Change: Action Learning in the Public and Private Sectors of China L.Yiu & R.Saner Action Learning Resources and Bibliography Y.Boshyk, M.Rolland & N.Rolland About the contributors Index
On-line cell lysis of bacteria and its spores using a microfluidic biochip

Optimal detection of pathogens by molecular methods in water samples depends on the ability to extract DNA rapidly and efficiently. In this study, an innovative method was developed using a microfluidic biochip, produced by microelectrochemical system technology, and capable of performing online cell lysis and DNA extraction during a continuous flow process. On-chip cell lysis based on chemical/physical methods was performed by employing a sufficient blend of water with the lysing buffer. The efficiency of lysis with microfluidic biochip was compared with thermal lysis in Eppendorf tubes and with two commercial DNA extraction kits: Power Water DNA isolation kit and ForensicGEM Saliva isolation kit in parallel tests. Two lysing buffers containing 1% Triton X-100 or 5% Chelex were assessed for their lysis effectiveness on a microfluidic biochip. SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis revealed that cell lysis on a microfluidic biochip using 5% Chelex buffer provided better or comparable recovery of DNA than commercial isolation kits. The system yielded better results for Gram-positive bacteria than for Gram-negative bacteria and spores of Gram-positive bacteria, within the limits of detection at 103 CFU/ml. During the continuous flow process in the system, rapid cells lysis with PCR-amplifiable genomic DNA were achieved within 20 minutes.
Investigation of Pharmacological Activity of Caralluma penicillata: Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Gastritis Protection against Indomethacin in Adult Guinea Pigs

Caralluma is a plant that possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen, namely, Caralluma penicillata (C. penicillata) as antiulcer. The study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties and gastritis protection activity of C. penicillata against indomethacin in adult guinea pigs. The study was divided into four parts: firstly, the optimum dose of extract as anti-inflammatory effect was determined. Secondly, the acute anti-inflammatory effect of extract were estimated. Thirdly, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation was estimated. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract was compared with indomethacin as a prototype of drug against inflammation. Fourthly, the gastritis protection properties of extract with/without indomethacin were performed. The results showed that a 400 mg/kg of 10% ethanol extract produced the maximum of anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the single dose of extract was equipotent for indomethacin (10 mg/kg), but shorter in duration with regard to acute anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation were less potent than indomethacin with regard to ulcerogenic effect. On the other hand, extract-indomethacin combination reduced the gastritis effect of indomethacin based on ulcer index and histological study.
An Overview of the State-ofThe-Art Reverse Engineering Techniques

Nowadays the development without model-based approaches are hardly imaginable, because models are not only closer to human thinking but also help the communication between developers. During a long development process the initial model becames inconsistent with the code that can be synchronised manually or automatically by tools. Reverse engineering tools have been created to help developers achieving that the design and the implementation harmonize again. This work examines the importance of the model-based development and gives an overview of the state-of-the-art reverse engineering methods and tools. Round-trip engineering is a more advanced approach of software development than reverse engineering, because the changes that affect the design are made not in the code but in the model, hereby better software quality can be achieved.
Accounting for Goodwill on the Acquisition of Corporate Subsidiaries

Despite the existence of regulation, Australian firms retain considerable discretion over the amount of goodwill recorded on the acquisition of corporate subsidiaries. The acquisition of a corporate subsidiary is a significant transaction that represents an incremental change to the investment opportunity set of a firm. This isolation of a subset of the firm's investment opportunity set provides a unique opportunity to address the endogeneity problem encountered by other studies that attempt to isolate the incremental importance of ex ante and ex post explanations for accounting policy choice. The findings support the conclusion that the proportion of the purchase price allocated to goodwill is ex ante related to the investment opportunity set of the target company and ex post determined by the firm wide characteristics, leverage and the investment opportunity set of the acquiring company.
Real-time sound source localization system based on FPGA

This paper presents a real-time sound source localization system based on FPGA (field programmable gate array). The system employs three microphones with different locations and calculates the direction of the sound source using TDOA (time-delay of arrivals). All the functions for the sound source localization are implemented with the use of a dedicated parallel architecture, including acoustic signal capturing, cross correlation, short-term energy and azimuth computation. The proposed system uses two different clocks for achieving real-time performance - low frequency signal capturing clock and high frequency processing clock. The proposed system can be used to intelligent service robots, security and surveillance applications as a result of a FPGA implementation.
Australia ' s Garnaut Report : A Review Article

The Garnaut Report sets out targets for reductions of greenhouse gas emissions allegedly responsible for dangerous climate change. Its preferred target is “holding” emissions to just 10 percent of the 2000 level by 2050. This paper shows the Report’s targets are overstated because its model underestimates the extent of biospheric uptakes of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, CO2, and fails to show that the greater are emissions, the larger are those uptakes. The targets are also based on false claims the biosphere is already “saturated” with CO2. In reality the “Airborne Fraction” of anthropogenic emissions has averaged only 43 percent of total emissions since 1958. Other errors include its treatment of the international agreements needed to secure large reductions in emissions as the free-rider problem of the “Prisoners’ Dilemma” and its use of marginal utility theory to justify the low discount rates needed to sanction costly strong action
Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases of Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT In gram-negative organisms, enzymes belonging to the low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP) family are involved in the regulation of important physiological functions, including stress resistance and synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule. LMPTPs have been identified also in gram-positive bacteria, but their functions in these organisms are presently unknown. We cloned two putative LMPTPs from Bacillus subtilis, YfkJ and YwlE, which are highly similar to each other in primary structure as well as to LMPTPs from gram-negative bacteria. When purified from overexpressing Escherichia coli strains, both enzymes were able to dephosphorylate p-nitrophenyl-phosphate and phosphotyrosine-containing substrates in vitro but showed significant differences in kinetic parameters and sensitivity to inhibitors. Transcriptional analyses showed that yfkJ was transcribed at a low level throughout the growth cycle and underwent a σB-dependent transcriptional upregulation in response to ethanol stress. The transcription of ywlE was growth dependent but stress insensitive. Genomic deletion of each phosphatase-encoding gene led to a phenotype of reduced bacterial resistance to ethanol stress, which was more marked in the ywlE deletion strain. Our study suggests that YfkJ and YwlE play roles in B. subtilis stress resistance.
Redistributing Educational Attainment: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment in India

In 1983 the ruling communists in the Indian state of West Bengal, with the avowed objective of making education more accessible, abolished the teaching of English at the primary level from public schools. I argue that the abolition can be looked upon as a lowering of academic standards, and that the reform is essentially redistributive in nature. Using two large cross-sectional data sets from India I investigate how it affected educational outcomes in West Bengal. Somewhat surprisingly, I find no evidence of a positive effect of the reform, even on the poorest income quartiles. Moreover, private school attendance went up in the rural areas, and there was a large increase in expenditure on private coaching. Both of these indicate that those who can afford to do so were supplementing the education of their children by private purchases, since a knowledge of English has significant benefits later in life. Ironically, the program may have increased the gap between the poorer classes and the others, something it was designed to close.
Contract or War? On the Consequences of a Broader View of Self-Interest in Economics

The first principle of Economics is that every agent is actuated only by self-interest. The workings of this principle may be viewed under two aspects, according as the agent acts without, or with, the consent of others affected by his actions. In wide senses, the first species of action may be called war, the second, contract.
Small Vocabulary with Saliency Matching for Video Copy Detection

The importance of copy detection has led to a substantial amount of research in recent years, among which Bag of visual Words (BoW) plays an important role due to its ability to effectively handling occlusion and some minor transformations. One crucial issue in BoW approaches is the size of vocabulary. BoW descriptors under a small vocabulary can be both robust and efficient, while keeping high recall rate compared with large vocabulary. However, the high false positives exists in small vocabulary also limits its application. To address this problem in small vocabulary, we propose a novel matching algorithm based on salient visual words selection. More specifically, the variation of visual words across a given video are represented as trajectories and those containing locally asymptotically stable points are selected as salient visual words. Then we attempt to measure the similarity of two videos through saliency matching merely based on the selected salient visual words to remove false positives. Our experiments show that a small codebook with saliency matching is quite competitive in video copy detection. With the incorporation of the proposed saliency matching, the precision can be improved by 30% on average compared with the state-of-the-art technique. Moreover, our proposed method is capable of detecting severe transformations, e.g. picture in picture and post production.
Design of current mode controlled SEPIC DC-DC converter for MPPT control of wind energy conversion systems

Maximum power extraction from wide range of wind velocity profiles is possible with single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) employed wind energy conversion systems. Effective feedback control is necessary for fast tracking of maximum power point under turbulent wind conditions. This paper presents small-signal modeling of SEPIC converter using state-space averaging (SSA) technique. Required dynamic small-signal linear model's transfer functions for the feedback controllers' design are derived. Response of the system against fast changing reference inputs is verified through simulation results.
Large deviations for empirical entropies of g-measures

The entropy of an ergodic finite-alphabet process can be computed from a single typical sample path using the entropy of the k-block empirical probability and letting k grow with n roughly like log n. We further assume that the distribution of the process is a g-measure. We prove large deviation principles for conditional, non-conditional and relative k(n)-block empirical entropies.
Security analysis of asynchronous-logic QDI cell approach for differential power analysis attack

We report a security analysis of the asynchronous-logic (async) quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) Weak-Conditioned Half-Buffer (WCHB) cell approach against the side-channel differential power analysis (DPA) attack. When compared to the synchronous-logic (sync) standard cell approach, the WCHB cell approach is more power-balanced during the logic switching due to the unique features as follows. First, the WCHB cell approach embodies dual-rail data-encoding scheme, featuring more balanced power dissipation for different output transitions. Second, the WCHB cell approach embodies a power-constant input detector that validate the input-completeness, featuring more balanced power dissipation for different input combination. Based on 65nm CMOS process, the standard and WCHB cell approaches are simulated for 7 library cells, and compared in terms of the normalized energy deviation (NED) and normalized standard deviation (NSD). Nonetheless, the WCHB cell approach features 62% lower NED and 69% lower NSD than the standard cell approach.
Delta Compressed and Deduplicated Storage Using Stream-Informed Locality

For backup storage, increasing compression allows users to protect more data without increasing their costs or storage footprint. Though removing duplicate regions (deduplication) and traditional compression have become widespread, further compression is attainable. We demonstrate how to efficiently add delta compression to deduplicated storage to compress similar (nonduplicate) regions. A challenge when adding delta compression is the large number of data regions to be indexed. We observed that stream-informed locality is effective for delta compression, so an index for delta compression is unnecessary, and we built the first storage system prototype to combine delta compression and deduplication with this technology. Beyond demonstrating extra compression benefits between 1.4-3.5X, we also investigate throughput and data integrity challenges that arise.
Coverage-directed verification of microprocessor units based on cycle-accurate contract specifications

In this paper we describe a method for simulation-based verification of microprocessor units based on cycle-accurate contract specifications. Such specifications describe behavior of a unit in the form of preconditions and postconditions of microoperations. Test sequence generation is based on traversal of FSM constructed automatically from specifications and test coverage definition. We have successfully applied the method to several units of the industrial MIPS64-compatible microprocessor.
SenQ: A Scalable Simulation and Emulation Environment for Sensor Networks

Although there is growing interest in the use of physical testbeds to evaluate the performance of applications and protocols for sensor platforms, such studies also encounter significant challenges that include the lack of scalability and repeatability, as well as the inability to represent a diverse set of operational scenarios. On the other hand, simulators can typically address the preceding problems but often lack the high degree of fidelity available to the analysts with physical testbeds. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of SenQ - an accurate and scalable evaluation framework for sensor networks that effectively addresses the preceding challenges. In particular, SenQ integrates sensor network operating systems with a very high- fidelity simulation of wireless networks such that sensor network applications and protocols can be executed, without modifications, in a repeatable manner under a diverse set of scalable environments. SenQ extends beyond the existing suite of simulators and emulators in four key aspects: first, it supports emulation of sensor network applications and protocols in an efficient and flexible manner; second, it provides an efficient set of models of diverse sensing phenomena; third, it provides accurate models of both battery power and clock drift effect which have been shown to have a significant impact on sensor network studies; and finally it provides an efficient kernel that allows it to run experiments that provide substantial scalability in both the spatial and temporal contexts.
QoS Routing in Diffserv MPLS Networks

With the emergence of new network applications and quality of service (QoS) requirements, current Internet technology that supports best-effort service is clearly insufficient. This paper undertakes a detailed study of dynamic quality of service routing in Differentiated Service (DiffServ) Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks. A polynomial time, heuristic dynamic routing algorithm, namely TE-QOSPF-Mix, is proposed to provide a better trade-off between hop-count and bandwidth optimization. The algorithm uses well-defined comparative function in path selection with computational complexity equals the original Dijkstra’s algorithm. A simulator, UMJaNetSim, is built to simulate and evaluate the proposed algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed QoS routing algorithm exhibits better bandwidth acceptance and lower packet loss ratio.
Macrocell resource adaptation for improved femtocell deployment and interference management

This paper studies the spectrum sharing of femtocell base station (FBS) and macrocell base station (MBS) in a heterogeneous network setting. We allow femtocell users (FUEs) to re-use the resource blocks of certain macrocell users (MUEs) who are categorized as outdoor users. We study the design tradeoff between MUE spectral diversity and the need to accommodate femtocells by intelligently determining when an MUE should be allowed to change resource allocation. Modeling the wireless channel state as a Markov chain, we formulate the decision as a Markov decision process (MDP). In the case of homogeneous channels environment, we reduce the MDP complexity, which enables the MBS to form the optimal decision matrix by solving only two equations. Our closed form expressions reveal the quantitative relationship among system parameters. Hence, we obtain an easy policy for the optimal channel switching. Our scheme is also robust to the uncertainties in the Markov models.