Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Novel system for recognizing and eliminating foreign DNA in Pseudomonas putida

Derivatives of pQSR49 (R1162::Tn1) containing cloned fragments of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA are stable in E. coli but unstable in Pseudomonas putida. Similar derivatives containing P. putida chromosomal DNA are stable in both species. Instability is a consequence of plasmid loss during growth and is not due to death or inhibition of growth of plasmid-containing cells. Average copy numbers per cell of the unstable hybrid plasmids are similar to that of pQSR49, indicating that instability is not the result of reduced replication of plasmid DNA. A plasmid unrelated to pQSR49, RK2, becomes unstable in the presence of the unstable hybrids but only when it also contains foreign DNA. The data suggest an inducible mechanism in P. putida active in the elimination of plasmid-borne foreign DNA from the cell.
Social enterprises and NEETs: ethical and effective entrepreneurial skills programmes?

If young people not in employment, education or training (NEET) participate in Entrepreneurial Skills Programmes (ESPs), delivered by social enterprises, there is an ethical responsibility to measure the outcomes of these programmes. So called "hard‟ outcomes, such as new businesses created or jobs secured, are self evident but potential "soft‟ outcomes, such as attitude to enterprise or general self-efficacy, are less evident. This exploratory study aimed to develop evaluation techniques for the assessment of "soft‟ outcomes on participants after completing a six-week ESP delivered by a work-integration social enterprise (WISE)
Patient and family caregiver perspectives.

The introduction of any new analgesic agent or delivery system is often focused on efficacy of the agent or on considerations of use by health care professionals. Introduction of novel pain technologies should also consider the ultimate recipients of the treatments, i.e., patients and family caregivers at home. This article reviews four frequently ignored issues in the integration of new pain treatments. These are 1) recognizing that pain is managed by patients and family caregivers at home; 2) acknowledging patient and family caregivers' knowledge and beliefs about pain; 3) recognizing cost considerations; and 4) identifying common ethical dilemmas in managing pain at home. Attention to these considerations will ensure optimum pain relief and support of patients and their family caregivers.
Vertical Control of a Distribution Network - An Empirical Analysis of Magazines

How does an upstream firm determine the size of its distribution network, and what is the role of vertical restraints? To address these questions we develop and estimate two models of outlet entry, starting from the basic trade-off between market expansion and fixed costs. In the coordinated entry model the upstream firm sets a market-specific wholesale price to implement the first-best number of outlets. In the restricted/free entry model the upstream firm has insufficient price instruments to target local markets. It sets a uniform wholesale price, and restricts entry in markets where market expansion is low, while allowing free entry elsewhere. We apply the two models to magazine distribution. The evidence is more consistent with the second model where the upstream firm sets a uniform wholesale price and restricts the number of entry licenses. We use the model to assess the profitability of modifying the vertical restraints. A government ban on restriced licensing would reduce profits by a limited amount, so that the business rationale for restricted licensing should be sought elsewhere. Furthermore, introducing market-specific wholesale prices would implement the first-best, but the profit increase would be small, providing a rationale for the current uniform wholesale prices.
Amblyopia Ex Anopsia. Observations on Retinal Inhibition, Scotoma, Projection, Light Difference Discrimination and Visual Acuity.

211. Iiff, C. E. : Personal Communication (March, 1948). 212. Muller, J. J.: Arch.f. Ophth. , 14:183-218, 1868. 213. Berlin, E. : Arch.f. Ophth. , 17:154-203, 1871. 214. Tuyl, A. : Arch.f. Ophth. , 52:233-262, 1901. 215. Ludwig, A. : Klin.Monatsbl. f.Augenh. , 41:389-394, 1903. 216. Jardon, F. W. : Fitting the eye portion to AO plastic implants, Mimeographed, 1948. 217. King, J.: Personal Communication (April, 1948). 218. Jardon, F. W. : Personal Communication (March, 1948). 219. Vannas, M. : Acta Opthalmol. , 24:225-238, 1946.
No evidence of microsatellite instability but frequent loss of heterozygosity in primary resected lung cancer

We examined microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in primary lung tumors from 93 cancer patients, using 16 microsatellite markers. The cases studied included 87 non‐small‐cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and six small‐cell lung cancers (SCLC). All the patients except two were current or former smokers. The microsatellite markers were all dinucleotide repeat sequences from chromosomal locations 1p, 3p, 5q, 8p, 9p, 10p, 11p, 13q, and 17q. None of the tumors showed microsatellite instability (0/93). In NSCLC, 28% (24/87) of the cases showed LOH in at least one locus, whereas, in SCLC, 67% (4/6) had allelic losses. The frequency of LOH differed between the various cell types of NSCLC. The highest frequency was seen in large cell carcinoma (3/6, 50%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (16/43, 37%) and adenocarcinoma (5/35, 14%). The most common site of LOH was 3p, where markers D3S1284, D3S659, D3S1289, D3S966, D3S647, and D3S1038 were studied. LOH, studied with 9p markers (D9S126, D9S171, D9S162), was less common. The present results, together with earlier reports, suggest that smoking‐related primary lung cancers seldom show microsatellite instability but are characterized by frequent LOH. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 30:217–223, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal Dynamic Lending Contracts with Imperfect Enforceability

In this paper we have developed a general model of borrowing constraints based on the idea of limited enforcement. I our model, borrowing constraints arise as part of the optimal borrowing and lending contract. Our model extends previous theories of borrowing and lending , such as Hart and Moore (1994) allowing for uncertainty and dynamic effects of the resulting credit constraints.
Teaching Staff's and Students' Initial Perceptions and Satisfaction With Teaching and Learning via the Blackboard LMS

The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the degree of teaching staff’s and Students’ satisfaction with the teaching and learning experience via the Blackboard â„¢ Learning Management System (LMS), recently acquired by King Abdulaziz University (KAU) as an online solution supporting distance education programs. Teaching staff’s and students’ perceptions about the e-courses offered via the LMS were collected in four areas: 1) E-course Content, 2) LMS Ease of Use and Performance, 3) Communication Facilitation, and 4) Delivery Methods. The respondents’ observations on these topics were gathered via two short, Likert-scale questionnaires which were distributed during the Summer Semester of 2014. The researchers sought, through this preliminary investigation, to identify issues which might impact the implementation of the Blackboard LMS in the Distance Education programs in KAU. Generally, the results indicate a relatively high satisfaction rating of the LMS from both groups of users.
Hierarchical Modeling of the Relation Between Sequence Variants and a Quantitative Trait: Addressing Multiple Comparison and Population Stratification Issues

When analyzing the relation between genetic sequence information and disease traits, false‐positive associations can arise due to multiple comparisons and population stratification. In an attempt to address these issues, we incorporate into a conventional analytic model higher‐level—or “prior”—models that use additional information to improve estimates while allowing for differing population structures. We apply this hierarchical model to simulated data from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12. We focus on the effects of common candidate gene sequence variants on quantitative risk factor 5 (Q5) levels. In particular, we compare the regression coefficients (and 95% confidence intervals) obtained from conventional (one‐stage) analyses versus the corresponding results from the hierarchical analyses. When examining either the marry‐ins or all subjects in the general and isolate populations, the conventional model detected numerous sites in candidate genes 1–5 and 7 that had statistically significant regression coefficients (alpha level = 0.05). In contrast, our hierarchical model primarily only detected associations for variants in candidate gene 2, which is the casual gene for Q5. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable isotope breath tests in clinical medicine: a review

Diagnostic 13C-stable isotope probes are currently being expanded in their scope, to provide precise evaluations of the presence or absence of etiologically significant changes in metabolism due to a specific disease or the lack of a specific enzyme. The salient features of the 13C-breath test are that they are non-invasive, non-radioactive, safe, simple, and effective. The simplicity of the 13C-breath test makes it very applicable in a clinical setting: the physician can obtain valuable diagnostic information by distinguishing between two groups or populations on the basis of the recovery of 13CO2 from the ingested 13C-substrate. The breath tests can also be used to monitor the progress of disease severity or to evaluate the efficacy of medications. This review concentrates on current research in the medical field dedicated to the metabolite 13C-labelled carbon dioxide in exhaled air following ingestion of 13C-labelled substrates.
ICT-Enabled Optimization of Government Processes

The public sector is facing an increased service level demand from citizens andcompanies which comes along with reduced financial scope. Higher processefficiency as well as time and cost savings are required to cope with this challenge.However, reorganization projects in public administrations which are based onestablished generic process modeling methods can only identify limitedreorganization potential for ICT-support in single processes and just lead to smalllocal improvements (Algermissen et al., 2005). Therefore, we have created themodeling and analysis methodology PICTURE. The PICTURE methodology firstapplies the domain vocabulary to efficiently capture the process landscape of a publicorganization. It then semi-automatically analyses the processes and identifies reorganizationpotential. Thus, PICTURE creates process transparency and supportsdecision makers in developing a holistic ICT investment and transformation strategyfor the entire administration.
Demand for safety and regional certification of food

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the relationship between consumer demand for enhanced food safety features and regional identification of food amongst consumers across Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses the choice experiment method to determine preferences for food testing standards, traceability standards, health and welfare standards, region of origin and price. Findings – The results show that substantial differences exist in preferences for the features between consumers in both countries. In addition, while stark differences are apparent between the two countries, in their preferences for food originating from their local region, the results suggest that consumers perceive significant substitutability between the enhanced safety features and the local regional label in both countries. Originality/value – This paper provides a unique insight into preferences for a wide range of enhanced food safety features amongst consumers in these two countr.
Advertising strategies for charities

Charity advertising seeks to motivate donors to give either time or money, two resources that donors view as quite different from each other. Thus, the expectation is that donations of time and money are triggered by different mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the types of non-profit advertisement that are more effective in generating intentions to donate either money or time. The results of three experiments indicated that donors are more motivated to donate time rather than money through altruistic appeals, and that respondents exposed to egoistic appeals are more motivated to donate money than to donate time. Moreover, advertising showing beneficiaries who had been helped was more effective at convincing donors to volunteer their time, whereas advertising showing the needy triggered more monetary donations. Describing victims statistically and identifiably had mixed results across the studies.
Name-centric services for the internet of things

Today, we see the development of the Internet of Things (IoT). Latest IoT devices are embedded, single-board computers (SBC) equipped with Ethernet and WiFi. Those SBCs are run an operating system and have network interfaces and use standard Internet protocols like IP, TCP, and so on. Compared to the envisioned devices for the future IoT these SBCs are still large and connected to a steady power supply. The next step in evolution towards the future IoT will be smaller, microcontroller driven devices which will operate for years on small batteries. Such small devices communicating via lowpower radios and also equipped with sensors are known as wireless sensor nodes. Ad-hoc networks formed by multiple wireless sensor nodes are so called wireless sensor networks (WSN).
Explorer Encoding Prior Knowledge with Eigenword Embeddings

Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a method for reducing the dimension of data represented using two views. It has been previously used to derive word embeddings, where one view indicates a word, and the other view indicates its context. We describe a way to incorporate prior knowledge into CCA, give a theoretical justification for it, and test it by deriving word embeddings and evaluating them on a myriad of datasets.
Visual Search in Authentication Systems Based on Memorized Faces: Effects of Memory Load and Retention Interval

Authentication systems based on a graphical login scheme employing face images have been discussed as a potential alternative to passwords. Typically, users are asked to memorize several faces that, during login, need to be recognized among distractor faces. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of memory load (4, 6, 8 to-be-remembered faces) and retention interval (hour, day, week, month) on performance in 72 participants. We found no evidence for strong performance decrements when memory load increased. Longer retention intervals yielded a slight increase of login failures, but post hoc analyses indicated that this was mainly due to worse performance of few individuals in the upper part of our age distribution. Display search times increased with longer retention interval, probably reflecting decay or retrieval problems in long-term memory. Users utilized global scanning strategies within the search arrays. Implications for face-based authentication system design are discussed.
Empirical Realization Ranking

This thesis develops a new approach to the problem of indeterminacy in grammarbased natural language generation (NLG). The problem of indeterminacy concerns the fact that, for a given input semantic representation, the grammar might allow for several (i.e. thousands) alternative surface realizations. While the traditional approach to dealing with this problem is to rank the generated strings using a surface-oriented n-gram language model (LM), this thesis develops a linguistically informed approach based on features that are keyed to the internal structure of the realizations. The approach extends on the methodology previously used for statistical parsing and statistical unification-based grammars, and adapts it to the context of generation. This allows us to train treebank-based discriminative realization rankers based on modeling frameworks such as Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). The training data is based on the novel notion of a generation treebank, which we show how to automatically create on the basis of an existing parse-oriented treebank. For reference, we also develop an n-gram-based LM trained on a large corpus of raw text. Our experimental results show that the use of a discriminative model trained on just a few thousand items in a generation treebank, gives significantly better ranking performance than the use of a traditional surface-oriented LM. Moreover, we show that even better results can be obtained by combining the two modeling approaches. This is done by including the LM as an additional feature in the discriminative model. Evaluation scores are reported for several data sets and using a range of different automated metrics. We also include results for a manual evaluation carried out by a panel of external anonymous judges. The hybrid system for surface realization described in this thesis is currently integrated for target language generation in the Norwegian–English machine translation (MT) system LOGON. We also show how the realization ranker is used together with a global end-to-end reranking model for selecting the final output of the MT system.
On the design challenges of drain extended FinFETs for advance SoC integration

In this paper, for the first time, challenges associated with high voltage drain extended device design in nanoscale FinFET technology is discussed in context of System on Chip (SoC) integration. Using 3D technology CAD, performance figures of merit matrix for integrated switching applications, quasi saturation, device scaling, ESD reliability, self-heating behavior and Safe Operating Area (SOA) concerns are comprehensively correlated/compared with planar drain extended MOS device.
Economic Interactions Between Electricity Reserve Markets and Wholesale Electricity Markets

This paper analyzes the interdependence of reserve and spot markets for electricity applying equilibrium models. We develop a Cournot model to analyze the impact of different pricing mechanisms at the reserve market (uniform and pay-as-bid) on spot market prices. Furthermore, we show how the demand requirement for reserve capacities can drive prices in the spot market. The models are tested using a dataset of the German electricity market. One result is that a more competitive reserve market helps to keep prices on the spot market low.
Market Sentiment, Media Hype and the Underpricing of Initial Public Offerings: The Case of Australian Technology Ipos

This study examines the relationship between the extent of initial public offering (IPO) underpricing and market sentiment surrounding technology issues listing on the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) during 1999 and 2000. We consider "hype" surrounding these issues as reflected in the media and as reflected in the market's sentiment towards recent offerings by similar firms. We also consider the relationship between technology firms' need for follow-on offerings due to "cash burn" and the level of underpricing. Finally, we examine the information content of management and accountant going concern warnings as a signalling mechanism to reduce ex ante uncertainty regarding the relative risk of IPO candidates. Our preliminary results indicate that the extent of underpricing is systematically related to variables measuring the market sentiment surrounding the listing of an IPO. Specifically, underpricing is higher following high underpricing in similar recent issues. There is some evidence of higher underpricing for firms with higher media interest and in the period of the hot IPO market prior to April 2000. We find that firms that experience a greater rate of cash burn also experience greater underpricing consistent with the conjecture that such firms are more likely to need additional financing shortly after they go public. The association between cash burn and underpricing is however reliant on inclusion of a few issues with very high underpricing. We also find evidence consistent with warnings in the prospectus regarding going concern issues providing a valuable signal to mitigate investors' ex ante uncertainty about the value of an offering, thereby reducing the subsequent level of underpricing achieved by that firm.
Drivers of dietary behaviours in women living in urban Africa: a systematic mapping review

Abstract Objective To (i) systematically review the literature to determine the factors influencing diet and dietary behaviour in women living in urban Africa; (ii) present these in a visual map; and (iii) utilize this to identify potentially important areas for future research. Design Systematic mapping review. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; registration number CRD42015017749). Six databases were systematically searched, followed by reference and citation searching. Eligibility criteria included women aged 18–70 years living in urban Africa, any design/methodology, exploring any driver, using any measure of dietary behaviour. Quality appraisal occurred parallel with data extraction. Twelve predominantly cross-sectional quantitative studies were included; reported in seventeen publications. Determinants were synthesized narratively and compiled into a map adapted from an existing ecological model based on research in high-income countries. Setting Urban Africa. Subjects African women aged 18–70 years. Results Determinants significantly associated with unhealthy dietary behaviour ranged from the individual to macro level, comprising negative body image perception, perceptions of insufficient food quantity and poorer quality, poorer food knowledge, skipping meals, snacking less, higher alcohol consumption, unhealthy overall lifestyle, older age, higher socio-economic status, having an education, lower household food expenditure, frequent eating outside the home and media influence. Marital status and strong cultural and religious beliefs were also identified as possible determinants. Conclusions Few studies have investigated drivers of dietary behaviours in urban African settings. Predominantly individual-level factors were reported. Gaps in the literature identified a need for research into the neglected areas: social, physical and macro-level drivers of food choice.