Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust Bloom Filters for Large MultiLabel Classification Tasks

This paper presents an approach to multilabel classification (MLC) with a large number of labels. Our approach is a reduction to binary classification in which label sets are represented by low dimensional binary vectors. This representation follows the principle of Bloom filters, a space-efficient data structure originally designed for approximate membership testing. We show that a naive application of Bloom filters in MLC is not robust to individual binary classifiers' errors. We then present an approach that exploits a specific feature of real-world datasets when the number of labels is large: many labels (almost) never appear together. Our approach is provably robust, has sublinear training and inference complexity with respect to the number of labels, and compares favorably to state-of-the-art algorithms on two large scale multilabel datasets.
The Theoretical Calculation of Carrier Mobility for Two-Dimensional Material

Since the end of last century, the size of integrated devices has become smaller and smaller and semiconductor industry had been experiencing great challenge on Moore law. New materials and technology in semiconductor industry had become significant in the development in network communication and auto control. Finding new materials with excellent electronic natures other than silicon had been a hot spot of the research. With the discovery of Graphene, two-dimensional material system becomes important in the research. Study the optical and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials, especially the carrier mobility, which can help to design proper two-dimensional materials. This paper introduces how the theoretical computation of the mobility for two-dimensional materials was developed. Specifically, the Bloch theorem, density functional theory, the first-principle calculation and deformation potentials theorem.
Iris feature extraction using optimized Gabor wavelet based on multi objective genetic algorithm

Iris reputes for its potential to identify the people with high accuracy in large scale. This is not achieved unless the iris patterns are well represented. Gabor filtering is vastly used in iris recognition literature for feature extraction. Conventionally, Gabor parameters value are supplied by pre-knowledgeable values so that the filter bank size is increased to prevent the losing information. In this paper, multi objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to optimize the Gabor-wavelet in order to reduce the filter requirements and increasing the accuracy. The feature vectors are encoded by phase quantization and a novel method based on iris texture variation. Experimental results show recognizing with CRR=99.68% and EER=0.26% for codes with length only 496 bits on a subset including 2125 iris images from CASIA-IrisV3-Interval database.
Pulmonary surfactant inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages

Miles, P. R. , L. Bowman, K. M. K. Rao, J. E. Baatz, and L. Huffman. Pulmonary surfactant inhibits LPS-induced nitric oxide production by alveolar macrophages. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L186–L196, 1999. — The objectives of this investigation were 1) to report that pulmonary surfactant inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced nitric oxide (zNO) production by rat alveolar macrophages, 2) to study possible mechanisms for this effect, and 3) to determine which surfactant component(s) is responsible. zNO produced by the cells in response to LPS is due to an inducible zNO synthase (iNOS). Surfactant inhibits LPSinduced zNO formation in a concentration-dependent manner; zNO production is inhibited by ,50 and ,75% at surfactant levels of 100 and 200 μg phospholipid/ml, respectively. The inhibition is not due to surfactant interference with the interaction of LPS with the cells or to disruption of the formation of iNOS mRNA. Also, surfactant does not seem to reduce zNO formation by directly affecting iNOS activity or by acting as an antioxidant or radical scavenger. However, in the presence of surfactant, there is an ,80% reduction in the amount of LPS-induced iNOS protein in the cells. LPSinduced zNO production is inhibited by Survanta, a surfactant preparation used in replacement therapy, as well as by natural surfactant. zNO formation is not affected by the major lipid components of surfactant or by two surfactant-associated proteins, surfactant protein (SP) A or SP-C. However, the hydrophobic SP-B inhibits zNO formation in a concentrationdependent manner; zNO production is inhibited by ,50 and ,90% at SP-B levels of 1–2 and 10 μg/ml, respectively. These results show that lung surfactant inhibits LPS-induced zNO production by alveolar macrophages, that the effect is due to a reduction in iNOS protein levels, and that the surfactant component responsible for the reduction is SP-B.
Rational Engines for BDI Architectures

A survey of AI systems would reveal that it is somewhat awkward to do acting in reasoning (or logic-based) systems (but it is convenient to talk about representational and reasoning issues using them), and it is awkward to study reasoning and representational issues in systems designed for acting/planning. Thus, most "good" planning/acting systems are "bad" KRR systems and vice versa. For example, in a recent symposium on "Implemented KRR Systems" [Rich 1991b] out of a total of 22 KRR systems presented only 4 systems had capabilities for representation and reasoning about actions/plans (RHET [Allen 1991], CYC [Lenat and Guha 1991], CAKE [Rich 1991a] and SNePS [Shapiro 1991]). The work presented in this paper presents an approach that bridges this "representational/ behavioral gap. " We extend the ontology of an intensional KRR system to facilitate representation and reasoning about acts and plans. I.e. a computational cognitive agent modeled using the extended ontology has representations for beliefs, acts, and plans, and is able to reason about them. I.e., the agent is able to represent its beliefs and desires (the ’B’ and the ’D’ of ’BDI’).
Soft real‐time communications over Bluetooth under interferences from ISM devices

Bluetooth is a suitable technology to support soft real‐time applications like multimedia streams at the personal area network level. In this paper, we analytically evaluate the worst‐case deadline failure probability of Bluetooth packets under co‐channel interference as a way to provide statistical guarantees when transmitting soft real‐time traffic using ACL links. We consider the interference from independent Bluetooth devices, as well as from other devices operating in the ISM band like 802.11b/g and Zigbee. Finally, we show as an example how to use our model to obtain some results for the transmission of a voice stream. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy-efficient secure communications in MISO-SE systems

The problem of resource allocation for energy-efficient secure communications in multiple-input single-output (MISO) systems is investigated, wherein a malicious user tries to eavesdrop the communication between two legitimate users. The legitimate transmitter has multiple antennas, whereas the eavesdropper and the receiver have a single antenna. Unlike most papers dealing with physical layer security, in this paper the goal of the resource allocation process is not to maximize the secrecy capacity, but rather to maximize the secrecy energy efficiency (SEE), defined as the ratio between the secrecy capacity and the total consumed power. This performance metric is measured in bit/Hz/Joule, and represents the amount of information bits that can be reliably and securely transmitted per unit of bandwidth and per Joule of consumed energy. The energy-efficient resource allocation is carried out considering three different channel state information (CSI) scenarios as to the channel from the legitimate transmitter to the eavesdropper, namely perfect CSI, partial CSI, and statistical CSI.
Inflammatory Markers and Incident Heart Failure Risk in Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study

Background: Inflammation is associated with heart failure (HF) risk factors and also directly affects myocardial function. However, the association between inflammation and HF risk in older adults has not been adequately evaluated. Methods: The association of baseline serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ), and C-reactive protein (CRP) with incident HF was assessed with Cox proportional hazards models among 2610 older persons without prevalent HF enrolled in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study (age, 73.6±2.9 years; 48.3% men; 59.6% white). Results: Median (interquartile range) baseline concentrations of IL-6, TNF- , and CRP were 1.80 (1.23, 2.76) pg/mL, 3.14 (2.41, 4.06) pg/mL, and 1.64 (0.99, 3.04) µg/mL, respectively. On follow-up (median, 9.4 years), 311 participants (11.9%) developed HF. In models controlling for clinical predictors of HF and incident coronary heart disease, doubling of IL-6, TNF- , and CRP concentrations was associated with 34% (95% CI, 18 -52%; P<.001), 33% (95% CI, 9 - 63%; P=.006), and 13% (95% CI, 3-24%; P=.01) increase in HF risk, respectively. In models including all 3 markers, IL-6 and TNF- , but not CRP, remained significant. Findings were similar across sex and race. Post-HF ejection fraction (EF) was available in 239 (76.8%) cases. When only cases with preserved EF were considered (n=105), IL-6 (HR per doubling, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.28 -1.94; P<.001), TNF- (HR per doubling, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.12-2.26; P=.01), and CRP (HR per doubling, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.44; P=.01) were all associated with HF risk in adjusted models. In contrast, when only cases with reduced EF (n=134) were considered, only IL-6 attained marginal significance in adjusted models (HR per doubling, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.99 -1.46; P=.06). Participants with 2 or 3 markers above median had pronounced HF risk in adjusted models (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.12-2.46; P=.01; and HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.16 -2.65; P=.007, respectively). Addition of IL-6 to the clinical Health ABC HF model improved discrimination (C index from 0.717 to 0.734; P=.001) and fit (decreased Bayes information criterion by 17.8; P<.001). Conclusions: Inflammatory markers are associated with HF risk among older adults and may improve HF risk stratification.
Recovery and Biodistribution of Ex Vivo Expanded Human Erythroblasts Injected into NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull mice

Ex vivo expanded erythroblasts (EBs) may serve as advanced transfusion products provided that lodgment occurs in the macrophage-niche of the marrow permitting maturation. EBs expanded from adult and cord blood expressed the receptors (CXCR4, VLA-4, and P-selectin ligand 1) necessary for interaction with macrophages. However, 4-days following transfusion to intact NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(null) mice, CD235a(pos) EBs were observed inside CD235a(neg) splenic cells suggesting that they underwent phagocytosis. When splenectomized and intact NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(null) mice were transfused using retrovirally labeled human EBs, human cells were visualized by bioluminescence imaging only in splenectomized animals. Four days after injection, human CD235a(pos) cells were detected in marrow and liver of splenectomized mice but only in spleen of controls. Human CD235a(pos) erythrocytes in blood remained low in all cases. These studies establish splenectomized NOD/SCID/IL2Rγ(null) mice as a suitable model for tracking and quantification of human EBs in vivo.
Introduction and methods: assessing the environmental burden of disease at national and local levels.

The objective of the guides is to provide practical information to countries on how to assess what fraction of a national or subnational disease burden is attributable to an environmental risk factor. To assess the disease burden of a risk factor the harmful effects of the risk factor on human health must be estimated fully as well as the distribution of the harmful effects in the population. Any estimates and assumptions used in the assessment should be stated explicitly. The outcome of the assessment is information that can be used: to guide policies and strategies both in the health sector and in the environmental sector; to monitor health risks; and to analyse the cost-effectiveness of interventions. For example the information can highlight the contribution of major environmental risk factors to the total disease burden of a country or study population. Or it can be used to estimate changes in the disease burden and avoidable disease burden following interventions to reduce an environmental risk factor or to change behaviour. (excerpt)
On Winning Conditions of High Borel Complexity in Pushdown Games

In a recent paper [19, 20] Serre has presented some decidable winning conditions Ω$_{A_1rmrA_nrA_{n+1}}$ of arbitrarily high finite Borel complexity for games on finite graphs or on pushdown graphs. We answer in this paper several questions which were raised by Serre in [19,20]. We study classes C$_n$(A), defined in [20], and show that these classes are included in the class of non-ambiguous context free ω-languages. Moreover from the study of a larger class C$_n^λ$(A) we infer that the complements of languages in C$_n$(A) are also non-ambiguous context free ω-languages. We conclude the study of classes C$_n$(A) by showing that they are neither closed under union nor under intersection.We prove also that there exists pushdown games, equipped with winning conditions in the form Ω$_{A_1rA_2}$, where the winning sets are not deterministic context free languages, giving examples of winning sets which are non-deterministic non-ambiguous context free languages, inherently ambiguous context free languages, or even non context free languages.
Somatic mutations of APC gene in carcinomas from hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer patients.

AIM To investigate the mutational features of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and its possible arising mechanism in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancers (HNPCC). METHODS PCR-based In Vitro Synthesized Protein Test (IVSP) assay and sequencing analysis were used to confirm somatic mutations of whole APC gene in 19 HNPCC cases. RESULTS Eleven cases with 13 mutations were determined to harbor APC mutations. The prevalence of APC mutation was 58%(11/19). The mutations consisted of 9 frameshift and 4 nonsense ones, indicating that there were more frameshift mutations (69%). The frameshift mutations all exhibited deletion or insertion of 1-2 bp and most of them (7/9) happened at simple nucleotide repeat sequences, particularly within (A)n tracts (5/9). All point mutations presented C-to-T transitions at CpG sites. CONCLUSION Mutations of APC gene were detected in more than half of HNPCC, indicating that its mutation was a common molecular event and might play an important role in the tumorigenesis of HNPCC. Locations of frameshift mutations at simple nucleotide repeat sequences and point mutations at CpG sites suggested that many mutations probably derived from endogenous processes including mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency. Defective MMR might affect the nature of APC mutations in HNPCC and likely occur earlier than APC mutational inactivation in some patients.
EncKV: An Encrypted Key-value Store with Rich Queries

Distributed data stores have been rapidly evolving to serve the needs of large-scale applications such as online gaming and real-time targeting. In particular, distributed key-value stores have been widely adopted due to their superior performance. However, these systems do not guarantee to provide strong protection of data confidentiality, and as a result fall short of addressing serious privacy concerns raised from massive data breaches. In this paper, we introduce EncKV, an encrypted key-value store with secure rich query support. First, EncKV stores encrypted data records with multiple secondary attributes in the form of encrypted key-value pairs. Second, it leverages the latest practical primitives for searching over encrypted data, i.e., searchable symmetric encryption and order-revealing encryption, and provides encrypted indexes with guaranteed security to support exact-match and range-match queries via secondary attributes of data records. Third, it carefully integrates these indexes into a distributed index framework to facilitate secure query processing in parallel. To mitigate recent inference attacks on encrypted database systems, EncKV protects the order information during range queries, and presents an interactive batch query mechanism to further hide the associations across data values on different attributes. We implement an EncKV prototype on a Redis cluster, and conduct an extensive set of performance evaluations on the Amazon EC2 public cloud platform. Our results show that EncKV effectively preserves the efficiency and scalability of plaintext distributed key-value stores.
Prior-aware Dual Decomposition: Document-specific Topic Inference for Spectral Topic Models

Spectral topic modeling algorithms operate on matrices/tensors of word co-occurrence statistics to learn topic-specific word distributions. This approach removes the dependence on the original documents and produces substantial gains in efficiency and provable topic inference, but at a cost: the model can no longer provide information about the topic composition of individual documents. Recently Thresholded Linear Inverse (TLI) is proposed to map the observed words of each document back to its topic composition. However, its linear characteristics limit the inference quality without considering the important prior information over topics. In this paper, we evaluate Simple Probabilistic Inverse (SPI) method and novel Prior-aware Dual Decomposition (PADD) that is capable of learning document-specific topic compositions in parallel. Experiments show that PADD successfully leverages topic correlations as a prior, notably outperforming TLI and learning quality topic compositions comparable to Gibbs sampling on various data.
What’s Age Got to do with it? A Review of Contemporary Revascularization in the Elderly

Currently a quarter of all patients treated with percutanous coronary intervention (PCI) are aged >75 years, with this proportion steadily growing. This subset of patients have a number of unique characteristics, such as a greater number of cardiovascular risk factors and frequently a larger burden of coronary artery disease, when compared to younger patients, therefore potentially deriving increased benefit from revascularization. Nonetheless this population are also more likely to experience procedural complications, secondary to age-related physiological alterations, increased frailty and increased prevalence of other co-morbidities. This article reviews the various aspects and data available to clinicians pertaining to and guiding revascularization in the elderly, including the use of adjuvant pharmacotherapy, specific considerations when considering age-related physiology, and revascularization in acute coronary syndromes.
Enrichment and Broad Representation of Plant Biomass-Degrading Enzymes in the Specialized Hyphal Swellings of Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, the Fungal Symbiont of Leaf-Cutter Ants

Leaf-cutter ants are prolific and conspicuous constituents of Neotropical ecosystems that derive energy from specialized fungus gardens they cultivate using prodigious amounts of foliar biomass. The basidiomycetous cultivar of the ants, Leucoagaricus gongylophorus, produces specialized hyphal swellings called gongylidia that serve as the primary food source of ant colonies. Gongylidia also contain plant biomass-degrading enzymes that become concentrated in ant digestive tracts and are deposited within fecal droplets onto fresh foliar material as ants incorporate it into the fungus garden. Although the enzymes concentrated by L. gongylophorus within gongylidia are thought to be critical to the initial degradation of plant biomass, only a few enzymes present in these hyphal swellings have been identified. Here we use proteomic methods to identify proteins present in the gongylidia of three Atta cephalotes colonies. Our results demonstrate that a diverse but consistent set of enzymes is present in gongylidia, including numerous plant biomass-degrading enzymes likely involved in the degradation of polysaccharides, plant toxins, and proteins. Overall, gongylidia contained over three quarters of all biomass-degrading enzymes identified in the L. gongylophorus genome, demonstrating that the majority of the enzymes produced by this fungus for biomass breakdown are ingested by the ants. We also identify a set of 40 of these enzymes enriched in gongylidia compared to whole fungus garden samples, suggesting that certain enzymes may be particularly important in the initial degradation of foliar material. Our work sheds light on the complex interplay between leaf-cutter ants and their fungal symbiont that allows for the host insects to occupy an herbivorous niche by indirectly deriving energy from plant biomass.
A graduate level course on real-time medical graphics

In this paper I am describing the outline of a graduate course on "Real-Time Medical Graphics" in a computer science curriculum. As interest for computer graphics using medical data has been increasing, we will see an increasing amount of similar courses. Therefore this paper takes a look at how such a course can be integrated with the current recommendations of computer graphics educators.
Effects of Acute Hypoglycemia on Inflammatory and Pro-atherothrombotic Biomarkers in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Individuals

OBJECTIVE Recent large randomized trials have linked adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events with hypoglycemia. However, the integrated physiological and vascular biological mechanisms occurring during hypoglycemia have not been extensively examined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether 2 h of moderate clamped hypoglycemia could decrease fibrinolytic balance and activate pro-atherothrombotic mechanisms in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-five healthy volunteers (19 male and 16 female subjects age 32 ± 2 years, BMI 26 ± 2 kg/m2, A1C 5.1 ± 0.1%) and twenty-four with type 1 diabetes (12 male and 12 female subjects age 33 ± 3 years, BMI 24 ± 2 kg/m2, A1C 7.7 ± 0.2%) were studied during either a 2-h hyperinsulinemic (9 pmol · kg−1 · min−1) euglycemic or hypoglycemic (2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l) clamp or both protocols. Plasma glucose levels were normalized overnight in type 1 diabetic subjects prior to each study. RESULTS Insulin levels were similar (602 ± 44 pmol/l) in all four protocols. Glycemia was equivalent in both euglycemic protocols (5.2 ± 0.1 mmol/l), and the level of hypoglycemia was also equivalent in both type 1 diabetic subjects and healthy control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l). Using repeated ANOVA, it was determined that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), E-selectin, P-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and adiponectin responses were all significantly increased (P < 0.05) during the 2 h of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as compared with euglycemia in healthy control subjects. All measures except PAI-1 were also found to be increased during hypoglycemia compared with euglycemia in type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, moderate hypoglycemia acutely increases circulating levels of PAI-1, VEGF, vascular adhesion molecules (VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin), IL-6, and markers of platelet activation (P-selectin) in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals. We conclude that acute hypoglycemia can result in complex vascular effects including activation of prothrombotic, proinflammatory, and pro-atherogenic mechanisms in individuals with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals.