Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Intraday Pattern of Information Asymmetry, Spread, and Depth: Evidence from the NYSE

Studies suggest that investment flows, liquidity imbalances, and institutional trading may create intraday trading patterns and opportunities for investors to time their trades to reduce transaction costs. Motivated by these studies, we divide each trading day into 13 half‐hour trading intervals and measure information asymmetry from price changes, trade sizes, and trade directions. We find that information asymmetry starts high in the morning, drops continuously until it reaches a midday low during Interval 7, rises to a midday high during Interval 10, and drops continuously after. In contrast, neither the spread nor the depth exhibit similar midday extreme values. Essentially, we identify a 90‐min window in the afternoon when net valuable information arrives to the market in high frequency while liquidity is stable, and that may be an opportunity for some investors to time their trades. In addition, we show that market makers employ dynamic strategies that change the spread, the depth, or both to manage information asymmetry. This is particularly evident during the last three trading intervals, where the significant drop in information asymmetry is countered primarily by a significant increase in the depth while the spread is almost constant.
Asynchronous Behaviors Meet Their Match with SystemVerilog Assertions

Most digital designs inherently possess asynchronous behaviors of some kind. While the SystemVerilog assertion (SVA) language offers some asynchronous controls like disable iff , writing concurrent assertions that accurately describe asynchronous behavior is not so straightforward. SVA properties require a clocking event, making them innately synchronous. When describing asynchronous behavior, the behavior of interest typically occurs after the asynchronous trigger appears. Unfortunately, SystemVerilog scheduling semantics make this rather difficult to check because the assertion input values are sampled before the trigger occurs. This often leads assertion writers to sampling using clocks, which may not guarantee matching and optimal checking in all cases. Alternatively, there are some simple approaches for describing asynchronous behavior using SVA that this paper explores. The SystemVerilog scheduling semantics are described along with the difficulties they pose for checking asynchronous behavior. Traditional approaches are considered such as synchronizing to a clock, but better asynchronous alternatives are suggested and practical examples provided. In addition, some practical solutions are offered for other asynchronous behaviors like asynchronous communication between clock domains or across bus interfaces. Lastly, this paper considers the various changes and additions to the recently published IEEE 1800-2009 standard, which may simplify checking asynchronous behavior.
No Character or Personality

Solomon argues that, although recent research in social psychology has important implications for business ethics, it does not undermine an approach that stresses virtue ethics. However, he underestimates the empirical threat to virtue ethics, and his a priori claim that empirical research cannot overturn our ordinary moral psy- chology is overstated. His appeal to seemingly obvious differences in character traits between people simply illustrates the fundamen- tal attribution error. His suggestion that the Milgram and Darley and Batson experiments have to do with such character traits as obediS ence and punctuality cannot help to explain the relevant differences in the way people behave in different situations. His appeal to per- sonality theory fails, because, as an intellectual academic discipline, personality theory is in shambles, mainly because it has been con- cerned with conceptions of personality rather than with what is true about personality. Solomon's rejection of Doris's claims about the fragmentation of character is at odds with the received view in social psychology. Finally, he is mistaken to think that rejecting virtue eth- ics implies rejecting ftee will and moral responsibility.
Mid-defense: Mitigating protocol-level attacks in TOR using indistinguishability obfuscation

TOR is one of the most famous anonymity networks. TOR works correctly when at least one honest relay exists along an established circuit. However, many attacks reveal anonymity of TOR communications by watermarking traffics, changing timings, counting cells per packets, and recently, introducing errors in cells. This paper focuses on protocol-level attacks which can de-anonymize users by changing a cell, and provides a solution for this attack by changing the way integrities of cells are checked. The proposed design allows all relays, not just the exit node, to check the integrity of cells, independently. In addition, this paper proposes a novel method, based on the concept of indistinguishability obfuscation, for dummy traffic generation within the middle relay. Finally, a method is introduced to distinguish between real and dummy flows, solely by an onion proxy (on a client's machine).
Measurements of the GVD of water and methanol and laser pulse characterization using direct imaging methods

We report experimental values of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of water and methanol at 800 nm. We find GVD800water= (25.71 ± 0.5) fs 2 mm−1 and GVD800methanol=(33.56 ±0.5) fs2 mm−1. These were measured by sending 50 fs, 800 nm pulses with various amounts of chirp through a glass cell filled with a solution of fluorescein in these solvents and recording the production of visible light from the side using a commercial digital camera. This simple setup also gives quantitative information on the duration of our pulses and lets us check independently the correct operation of our grating-based pulse compressor. Results are compared to FROG measurements.
Uterine and arcuate arteries blood flow for predicting of ongoing pregnancy in in vitro fertilization

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of transvaginal Doppler ultrasonography in predicting in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome in women undergoing this procedure. Materials and Methods: In this prospective observational study, 65 infertile women underwent IVF procedure in Isfahan, during 2013-2014, were studied. The pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) and peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the uterine arteries and arcuate arteries were measured in all selected women using transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler measurements on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin injection. The women followed up for the primary endpoint which was a successful pregnancy. The mean of PI, RI, and PSV were compared in groups of women who had successful IVF and not. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive value of studied indices. Results: In this study, from 65 women, 32 (49.2%) and 33 (50.8%) have successful and unsuccessful IVF outcome, respectively. The mean of PI and RI of both uterine and arcuate arteries were significantly lower in pregnant women than non-pregnant ones (P < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of PI (84.7%) and RI (84.4%) for uterine arteries was higher than other indices. The most accurate indices for predicting the outcome of IVF was RI of uterine arteries with an accuracy of 81.5%. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that PI and RI assessments of uterine arteries could be used as a routine non-invasive factor, before hCG stimulation, for predicting the outcome of IVF.
Introduction to intelligent techniques for Web personalization

Web personalization [Anand and Mobasher 2005] can be defined as any set of actions that can tailor the Web experience to a particular user or set of users. The experience can be something as casual as browsing a Web site or as (economically) significant as trading stocks or purchasing a car. The actions can range from simply making the presentation more pleasing to anticipating the needs of a user and providing customized and relevant information. To achieve effective personalization, organizations must rely on all available data, including the usage and click-stream data (reflecting user behavior), site content, site structure, and domain knowledge, as well as user demographics and profiles. Efficient and intelligent techniques are needed to mine this data for actionable knowledge, and to effectively use the discovered knowledge to enhance the users’ Web experience. Being data driven; Web personalization is also achieved through the implementation of all the phases of a typical data mining cycle [Mobasher 2007] including data collection, preprocessing, pattern discovery and evaluation, in an off-line mode, and finally the deployment of the knowledge in realtime to mediate between the user and the Web. The data collection and preprocessing phases involve intelligently extracting and integrating useful data from multiple sources and extracting user preferences implicit within the data. The pattern discovery phase usually involves the adaptation and integration of techniques from machine learning, information retrieval and filtering, databases, agent architectures, knowledge representation, data mining, text mining, statistics, information security and privacy, and context modeling with the goal of building single or group user models. These techniques must address
Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks of Mobile Nodes

An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services regularly available on conventional networks. It differs from the infrastructure-based network by not having base stations to rely on but the network achieves connectivity by using an ad hoc routing protocol which is assumed to be based on IP protocol. The design problem of such a routing protocol is not simple since an ad hoc environment introduces new challenges that are not present in fixed networks. The bandwidth and the power are scarce resources and nodes in the network tend to be highly mobile. In this paper few of the ad hoc protocols are introduced and compared in order to find out for which kind of networks the protocol is most suitable.
Neutron Star Evolutions using Tabulated Equations of State with a New Execution Model

The addition of nuclear and neutrino physics to general relativistic fluid codes allows for a more realistic description of hot nuclear matter in neutron star and black hole systems. This additional microphysics requires that each processor have access to large tables of data, such as equations of state, and in large simulations the memory required to store these tables locally can become excessive unless an alternative execution model is used. In this work we present relativistic fluid evolutions of a neutron star obtained using a message driven multi-threaded execution model known as ParalleX. These neutron star simulations would require substantial memory overhead dedicated entirely to the equation of state table if using a more traditional execution model. We introduce a ParalleX component based on Futures for accessing large tables of data, including out-of-core sized tables, which does not require substantial memory overhead and effectively hides any increased network latency.
Two‐dimensional structure of the membrane domain of human band 3, the anion transport protein of the erythrocyte membrane.

The membrane domain of human erythrocyte Band 3 protein (M(r) 52,000) was reconstituted with lipids into two‐dimensional crystals in the form of sheets or tubes. Crystalline sheets were monolayers with six‐fold symmetry (layer group p6, a = b = 170 A, gamma = 60 degrees), whereas the symmetry of the tubular crystals was p2 (a = 104 A, b = 63 A, gamma = 104 degrees). Electron image analysis of negatively stained specimens yielded projection maps of the protein at 20 A resolution. Maps derived from both crystal forms show that the membrane domain is a dimer of two monomers related by two‐fold symmetry, with each monomer consisting of three subdomains. In the dimer, two subdomains of each monomer form a roughly rectangular core (40 × 50 A in projection), surrounding a central depression. The third subdomain of the monomer measures approximately 15 × 25 A in projection and appears to be connected to the other two by a flexible link. We propose that the central depression may represent the channel for anion transport while the third subdomain appears not to be directly involved in channel formation.
Nutrition economics – characterising the economic and health impact of nutrition

There is a new merging of health economics and nutrition disciplines to assess the impact of diet on health and disease prevention and to characterise the health and economic aspects of specific changes in nutritional behaviour and nutrition recommendations. A rationale exists for developing the field of nutrition economics which could offer a better understanding of both nutrition, in the context of having a significant influence on health outcomes, and economics, in order to estimate the absolute and relative monetary impact of health measures. For this purpose, an expert meeting assessed questions aimed at clarifying the scope and identifying the key issues that should be taken into consideration in developing nutrition economics as a discipline that could potentially address important questions. We propose a first multidisciplinary outline for understanding the principles and particular characteristics of this emerging field. We summarise here the concepts and the observations of workshop participants and propose a basic setting for nutrition economics and health outcomes research as a novel discipline to support nutrition, health economics and health policy development in an evidence and health-benefit-based manner.
Deployment Environment for a Swarm of Heterogeneous Robots

The objective of this work is to develop a framework that can deploy and provide coordination between multiple heterogeneous agents when a swarm robotic system adopts a decentralized approach; each robot evaluates its relative rank among the other robots in terms of travel distance and cost to the goal. Accordingly, robots are allocated to the sub-tasks for which they have the highest rank (utility). This paper provides an analysis of existing swarm control environments and proposes a software environment that facilitates a rapid deployment of multiple robotic agents. The framework (UBSwarm) exploits our utility-based task allocation algorithm. UBSwarm configures these robots and assigns the group of robots a particular task from a set of available tasks. Two major tasks have been introduced that show the performance of a robotic group. This robotic group is composed of heterogeneous agents. In the results, a premature example that has prior knowledge about the experiment shows whether or not the robots are able to accomplish the task.
Skin diseases reported by workers from UNESP campus at Rubião Jr, Botucatu-SP (Brazil)*

There are few populational studies to estimate the dimension of dermatological diseases. We performed a survey with 515 employees from UNESP campus, Botucatu (SP), exploring demographic data, medical appointments and dermatological diagnoses. Additionally, we induced questions about prevalent diseases. Appointments to the dermatologist were reported by 77% of subjects. The main dermatoses spontaneously reported were mycoses, allergies, nevi and viral warts. There were association of juvenile acne and males (OR=2.3), melasma and females (OR=8.0), and onychomycosis with older age (OR=1.05). Surveys are important to know the demand for dermatology care, besides directing formulation of public health policy and medical education.
The Eeects of Lan-like Input Traac on a Switch Access Node

This paper addresses the modeling and analysis of a switching network access node. This is an area of importance due to forthcoming high-speed ATM backbone networks and the need to transmit data for current and future network applications. The nature of these applications must be considered when designing an access node to a switching network. A tra c arrival process for the network and characteristics of the access node are combined into an access node performance model. This model is implemented using Deterministic and Stochastic Petri Nets (DSPNs) which provides transitions with zero and deterministic ring times, as well as, exponentially distributed ring times, thus allowing the slotted behavior of the ATM interface to be captured in the model.
Scalable Hardware Architecture for Montgomery Inversion Computation in Dual-Field

Computing the inverse of a number in finite fields GF(p) or GF(2n) is equally important for cryptographic applications. A novel scalable and unified architecture for a Montgomery inversion hardware that operates in both GF(p) and GF(2n) is proposed. The scalable design is the novel modification performed on the fixed hardware to make it occupy a small area and operate with better or similar speed, and it takes less number of clock cycle as the fixed datapath is large and can also achieve high clock frequency. Finally this work has been verified by modeling it in Verilog-HDL, implementing it under 0. 18μm CMOS technology. The reault indicates that our work has advanced performance than other works.
HA Antibody-Mediated FcγRIIIa Activity Is Both Dependent on FcR Engagement and Interactions between HA and Sialic Acids

Interactions with receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRs) have been shown to contribute to the in vivo protection against influenza A viruses provided by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral hemagglutinin (HA) stem. In particular, Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been shown to contribute to protection by stem-binding bnAbs. Fc-mediated effector functions appear not to contribute to protection provided by strain-specific HA head-binding antibodies. We used a panel of anti-stem and anti-head influenza A and B monoclonal antibodies with identical human IgG1 Fc domains and investigated their ability to mediate ADCC-associated FcγRIIIa activation. Antibodies which do not interfere with sialic acid binding of HA can mediate FcγRIIIa activation. However, the FcγRIIIa activation was inhibited when a mutant HA, unable to bind sialic acids, was used. Antibodies which block sialic acid receptor interactions of HA interfered with FcγRIIIa activation. The inhibition of FcγRIIIa activation by HA head-binding and sialic acid receptor-blocking antibodies was confirmed in plasma samples of H5N1 vaccinated human subjects. Together, these results suggest that in addition to Fc–FcγR binding, interactions between HA and sialic acids on immune cells are required for optimal Fc-mediated effector functions by anti-HA antibodies.
Liquidity Effects and Volatility Smiles in Interest Rate Option Markets

We investigate the interaction of volatility smiles and liquidity in the euro (€) interest rate option markets, using an extensive data-set on daily bid and ask prices of interest rate caps and floors. We find that, in this market, the implied volatility smiles are asymmetric, and are steeper on the ask-side. Liquidity variables have significant explanatory power for both curvature and asymmetry of the smiles. This effect too is stronger on the ask side. Thus, liquidity effects contribute to explaining the smile in these interest rate options. The stronger influence of liquidity and other economic variables on the ask-side indicates that ask-prices are more relevant for these markets, consistent with the fact that most of the customers are buyers of these interest rate options. In addition, the shape of the implied volatility smile has information about future levels of the term structure and the uncertainty in the market. To our knowledge, this is the first study relating liquidity and other economic variables to implied volatility smiles in interest rate options. The results of our study have strong implications for academics and practitioners involved in the modeling and risk management of fixed income derivatives, and may also throw light on the pricing of liquidity risk in option markets in general. JEL Classification: G10, G12, G13, G15
NSOM/QD-Based Direct Visualization of CD3-Induced and CD28-Enhanced Nanospatial Coclustering of TCR and Coreceptor in Nanodomains in T Cell Activation

Direct molecular imaging of nano-spatial relationship between T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 and CD4 or CD8 co-receptor before and after activation of a primary T cell has not been reported. We have recently innovated application of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and immune-labeling quantum dots (QD) to image Ag-specific TCR response during in vivo clonal expansion, and now up-graded the NSOM/QD-based nanotechnology through dipole-polarization and dual-color imaging. Using this imaging system scanning cell-membrane molecules at a best-optical lateral resolution, we demonstrated that CD3, CD4 or CD8 molecules were distinctly distributed as single QD-bound molecules or nano-clusters equivalent to 2–4 QD fluorescence-intensity/size on cell-membrane of un-stimulated primary T cells, and ∼6–10% of CD3 were co-clustering with CD4 or CD8 as 70–110 nm nano-clusters without forming nano-domains. The ligation of TCR/CD3 on CD4 or CD8 T cells led to CD3 nanoscale co-clustering or interaction with CD4 or CD8 co-receptors forming 200–500 nm nano-domains or >500 nm micro-domains. Such nano-spatial co-clustering of CD3 and CD4 or CD3 and CD8 appeared to be an intrinsic event of TCR/CD3 ligation, not purely limited to MHC engagement, and be driven by Lck phosphorylation. Importantly, CD28 co-stimulation remarkably enhanced TCR/CD3 nanoscale co-clustering or interaction with CD4 co-receptor within nano- or micro-domains on the membrane. In contrast, CD28 co-stimulation did not enhance CD8 clustering or CD3–CD8 co-clustering in nano-domains although it increased molecular number and density of CD3 clustering in the enlarged nano-domains. These nanoscale findings provide new insights into TCR/CD3 interaction with CD4 or CD8 co-receptor in T-cell activation.
AN EYE TRACKING SYSTEM AND ITS APPLICATION IN AIDS FOR PEOPLE WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES

The object of this paper is to present a set of techniques integrated into a low-lost eye tracking system. Eye tracking systems have many potential applications such as learning emotion monitoring systems, drivers' fatigue detection systems, etc. In this paper, we report how we use an eye tracking system to implement an "eye mouse" to provide computer access for people with severe disabilities. The proposed eye mouse allows people with severe disabilities to use their eye movements to manipulate computers. It requires only one low-cost Web camera and a personal computer. A five-stage algorithm is developed to estimate the directions of eye movements and then use the direction information to manipulate the computer. Several experiments were conducted to test the performance of the eye tracking system.
A Descriptive Auction Language

Electronic markets and especially online auctions gain more and more importance and a plethora of market mechanisms is emerging on the Internet. The great variety of trading rules hinders agents easily switching between different marketplaces and, therefore, fragments the overall market – supply and demand might fail to meet due to agents' inability to interact with the same market mechanism. The problem can be overcome by a descriptive auction language (DAL) allowing for the machine‐readable specification of arbitrary auction mechanisms. The implications are twofold: on the one hand a market engineer can coherently describe a mechanism by means of the language and automatically deploy it via an auction runtime environment and, on the other hand, a (software) agent can automatically deduce valid and reasonable actions from the description of a previously unknown auction mechanism. All four authors are affiliated with the Institute of Information Systems and Management in the School of Economics and Busine.