Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognition of Handwritten Numerals of Manipuri Script

this paper a support vector machine based handwritten numerals recognition system of Manipuri Script (Meetei Mayek) is investigated. We have used various feature extraction technique such as background directional distribution (BDD), zone based diagonal, projection histograms and Histogram Oriented Gradient features. In Background Directional Distribution (BDD) features background distribution of neighboring background pixels to foreground pixels in 8-different directions is considered forming a total of 128 features. For the computation of diagonal features, the whole image is divided into 64 zones of equal dimension each of size 4×4 pixels then features are extracted from the pixels of each zone by moving along the diagonal, thus consisting of 64 features in total. Projection Histograms count the number of foreground pixels in different directions such as vertical, horizontal, horizontal, left diagonal and right diagonal creating a total of 190 features. The HOG based feature is computed over the validation data set, was achieved by means of 9 rectangular cells and 9 bin histogram per cell Different combinations of these features are used for forming various feature vectors. These feature vectors are classified by using SVM classifier as 5-fold cross validation with RBF (radial basis function) kernel. Experimental results show that the proposed system performs well with the combined features and is robust to the writing variations that exist between persons and for a single person at different instances, thus being promising for user independent recognition of Meetei Mayek numeral.
On mobility and context of work: exploring mobile police work

This article aims to propose some elements for a theory of mobility. Mobility is the structural attribute of an age that heavily relies on information and mobile devices as identified by observed, cross-contextual research. It pervades most work and social organizations in various cultural and institutional expressions. Organizational structures rely heavily on the relationships of construction and utilization of information and on the context of interaction of the various actors. This paper explores issues of mobility within work activities of two distinct roles in a police force in the UK. Departing from the concept of mobility as interaction, this article seeks to put forth a more comprehensive theory of how to study the phenomenon of mobility within work organizations and across various roles. It advances the idea that mobility is linked strongly to work conditions and that in order to increase such state within organizations, we must use a triangulated analysis to understand both the relation with the environment of work as well as the relation with information.
A mutation in tomato aspermy cucumovirus that abolishes cell-to-cell movement is maintained to high levels in the viral RNA population by complementation

The nucleotide substitution C-->A at nucleotide 100 of tomato aspermy cucumovirus (TAV) strain V (V-TAV) RNA segment 3 (RNA3) introduces an ocher stop at the fourth codon of the movement protein open reading frame. Experiments with RNA transcripts from full-length clones showed that this mutation abolished cell-to-cell movement and, thus, infectivity in planta. Heterogeneity analyses on stock V-TAV virion RNA showed that an A at position 100 was present in the molecular population of RNA3 at a frequency of 0.76 and that a C at this position was present at a frequency of 0.24. This result indicates that a fraction of RNA3 molecules complements cell-to-cell movement of movement-defective molecules. It was shown that the mutation C-->A conferred enhanced RNA replication of the defective mutant in tobacco protoplasts. The effect of the mutation on replication was dependent on sequence context, since the same mutation did not affect the replication efficiency in the related TAV strain 1 RNA3. Competition experiments in tobacco protoplasts were done to estimate the fitness during a cell invasion cycle of the movement-defective mutant relative to the wild type (wt). From these data, a lower limit to the degree of complementation of movement-defective molecules by movement-competent ones could be estimated as 0.13. This estimate shows that complementation may play an important role in the determination of genetic structure in RNA genome populations. A further effect of the enhanced replication of the movement-defective mutant was the efficient competition with the wt for the initiation of infection foci in planta.
Bounded-distortion piecewise mesh parameterization

Many computer graphics operations, such as texture mapping, 3D painting, remeshing, mesh compression, and digital geometry processing, require finding a low-distortion parameterization for irregular connectivity triangulations of arbitrary genus 2-manifolds. This paper presents a simple and fast method for computing parameterizations with strictly bounded distortion. The new method operates by flattening the mesh onto a region of the 2D plane. To comply with the distortion bound, the mesh is automatically cut and partitioned on-the-fly. The method guarantees avoiding global and local self-intersections, while attempting to minimize the total length of the introduced seams. To our knowledge, this is the first method to compute the mesh partitioning and the parameterization simultaneously and entirely automatically, while providing guaranteed distortion bounds. Our results on a variety of objects demonstrate that the method is fast enough to work with large complex irregular meshes in interactive applications.
Prescribed‐fire effects on rill and interrill runoff and erosion in a mountainous sagebrush landscape

Changing fire regimes and prescribed‐fire use in invasive species management on rangelands require improved understanding of fire effects on runoff and erosion from steeply sloping sagebrush‐steppe. Small (0·5 m2) and large (32·5 m2) plot rainfall simulations (85 mm h–1, 1 h) and concentrated flow methodologies were employed immediately following burning and 1 and 2 years post‐fire to investigate infiltration, runoff and erosion from interrill (rainsplash, sheetwash) and rill (concentrated flow) processes on unburned and burned areas of a steeply sloped sagebrush site on coarse‐textured soils. Soil water repellency and vegetation were assessed to infer relationships in soil and vegetation factors that influence runoff and erosion. Runoff and erosion from rainfall simulations and concentrated flow experiments increased immediately following burning. Runoff returned to near pre‐burn levels and sediment yield was greatly reduced with ground cover recovery to 40 per cent 1 year post‐fire. Erosion remained above pre‐burn levels on large rainfall simulation and concentrated flow plots until ground cover reached 60 per cent two growing seasons post‐fire. The greatest impact of the fire was the threefold reduction of ground cover. Removal of vegetation and ground cover and the influence of pre‐existing strong soil‐water repellency increased the spatial continuity of overland flow, reduced runoff and sediment filtering effects of vegetation and ground cover, and facilitated increased velocity and transport capacity of overland flow. Small plot rainfall simulations suggest ground cover recovery to 40 per cent probably protected the site from low‐return‐interval storms, large plot rainfall and concentrated flow experiments indicate the site remained susceptible to elevated erosion rates during high‐intensity or long duration events until ground cover levels reached 60 per cent. The data demonstrate that the persistence of fire effects on steeply‐sloped, sandy sagebrush sites depends on the time period required for ground cover to recover to near 60 per cent and on the strength and persistence of ‘background’ or fire‐induced soil water repellency. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geology, Mining History, and Reclamation of the Silver Reef Mining District, Washington County, Utah

Abstract The Silver Reef mining district consists of four “reefs” on the northeast-plunging nose of the Virgin anticline: White, Buckeye, and Butte Reefs are on the anticline’s northwest flank, whereas East Reef is on the anticline’s east flank. The district is noted for its uncommon occurrence of ore-grade silver chloride in sandstone, unaccompanied by obvious alteration or, with the exception of copper, substantial base-metal ores. The ore horizons are contained in the Springdale Sandstone Member of the Moenave Formation, which is repeated by thrust faults on the anticline’s northwest flank. High-grade silver chloride float was first discovered near Harrisburg in 1866, and in-situ mineralization was found in 1868, but it was not until 1876 that the silver rush was underway in earnest. The principal mining activity in the district lasted only through 1888, with lessee operations through 1909, after which major mining essentially ceased. Prior to 1910, the district produced over 7 million ounces of silver, nearly 70 percent of which came from the prolific Buckeye Reef. The mines were shallow, less than 350 feet deep, and most ore bodies were lens shaped, averaging 200 to 300 feet in length along strike by about half as wide and up to about 20 feet thick. The ore averaged 20 to 50 ounces silver per ton, but varied from only a few ounces to about 500 ounces per ton. Sporadic production between 1949 and 1968 yielded about 10 ounces of gold, 165,000 ounces of silver, 34 short tons of copper, and at least 2,500 pounds of uranium oxide. A leach-pad operation established between White and Buckeye Reefs to process tailings opened in 1979, but this venture closed with the collapse of silver prices. The district continues to be periodically explored for silver. Reclamation of the White, Buckeye, and Butte Reefs, completed during 1996 to 1997, involved 465 mine closures at a cost of $469,000; it was the largest single mine closure project for the Utah Division of Oil, Gas and Mining, Abandoned Mine Reclamation Program to date. Reclamation of 184 mine openings at the East Reef area was completed in 2000 at a cost of $170,000. Reclamation of the Silver Reef mining district was complicated by the fact that (1) the district is considered a “rural historic landscape” eligible for the National Register of Historic Places; (2) it is home to one of the state’s largest Corynorhinus townsendii (Townsend’s big-eared bat) maternity colonies and has numerous roosts for other bat species; and (3) because in the past three decades, the adjacent town of Silver Reef has experienced a second real estate and population boom and is now an upscale residential community.
An analysis of multimedia traffic transmission over OFDM wireless channel

With the rapid growth of wireless access to the Internet, there has been an increasing demand in providing high data rate real time traffic such as audio and video over wideband wireless channels. However, the transmitted multimedia traffic experience frequency-selective fading in wideband wireless channels. By dividing the wideband channel into several smaller sub-channels and sending multimedia traffic in parallel orthogonal sub-channels, which is widely known as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the frequency-selective channel can be transformed into a set of frequency-flat channels. In this paper, we analyze the effect of sub-carrier assignment on the transmitted multimedia traffic. By increasing the number of sub-carriers, each sub-channel behaves practically as a quasic-static one, such that frequency-selective fading and intersymbol interference (ISI) can be alleviated. Sub-carrier assignment is thus important for multimedia applications. The multiplexing of sub-carriers is introduced to combat the variability of wireless channel, but the performance of wireless channel would also be degraded. We present a quality assessment of audio and video traffic over OFDM wireless channel based on sub-carrier assignment. Simulation results show that proper sub-carrier assignment could significantly reduce errors during high rate multimedia transmission.
Macrolide Resistance in Treponema pallidum Correlates With 23S rDNA Mutations in Recently Isolated Clinical Strains

Background High rates of 23S rDNA mutations implicated in macrolide resistance have been identified in Treponema pallidum samples from syphilis patients in many countries. Nonetheless, some clinicians have been reluctant to abandon azithromycin as a treatment for syphilis, citing the lack of a causal association between these mutations and clinical evidence of drug resistance. Although azithromycin resistance has been demonstrated in vivo for the historical Street 14 strain, no recent T. pallidum isolates have been tested. We used the well-established rabbit model of syphilis to determine the in vivo efficacy of azithromycin against 23S rDNA mutant strains collected in 2004 to 2005 from patients with syphilis in Seattle, Wash. Methods Groups of 9 rabbits were each infected with a strain containing 23S rDNA mutation A2058G (strains UW074B, UW189B, UW391B) or A2059G (strains UW228B, UW254B, and UW330B), or with 1 wild type strain (Chicago, Bal 3, and Mexico A). After documentation of infection, 3 animals per strain were treated with azithromycin, 3 were treated with benzathine penicillin G, and 3 served as untreated control groups. Treatment efficacy was documented by darkfield microscopic evidence of T. pallidum, serological response, and rabbit infectivity test. Results Azithromycin uniformly failed to cure rabbits infected with strains harboring either 23S rDNA mutation, although benzathine penicillin G was effective. Infections caused by wild type strains were successfully treated by either azithromycin or benzathine penicillin G. Conclusions A macrolide resistant phenotype was demonstrated for all strains harboring a 23S rDNA mutation, demonstrating that either A2058G or A2059G mutation confers in vivo drug resistance.
BIODRIVE: Simulator for Biochemical and Genetic Networks

1 Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project, ERATO, JST, 6-31-15 Jingumae, M-31 Suite 6A, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan 2 Department of Computer Science, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-0061, Japan 3 Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan 4 Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., 3-14-13 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan
Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part I: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the 1998 El Niño/2000 La Niña

Abstract This study presents an objective classification methodology that uses Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data to classify distinct “cloud objects” defined by cloud-system types, sizes, geographic locations, and matched large-scale environments. This analysis method identifies a cloud object as a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. It determines the shape and size of the cloud object from the satellite data and the cloud-system selection criteria. The statistical properties of the identified cloud objects are analyzed in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) based upon the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) data. Four distinct types of oceanic cloud objects—tropical deep convection, boundary layer cumulus, transition stratocumulus, and solid stratus—are initially identified from the CERES data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite for this study. Preliminary results.
Some issues of mood classification for Chinese popular music

Music mood can express inherent emotional meaning of a music clip. It's used in music recommendation, music information retrieval, and music classification. In this paper, we follow the Thayer's emotion plane, and extract three different features sets to apply the Chinese popular music mood-detection. We find that the distribution of music moods is quite different from west popular music. Moreover, some feature extract tools which are developed for west popular music aren't suitable for Chinese popular music. In our experiment, we show that the valence dimension is harder to classification (best average precision: 64%) than arousal dimension (best average precision: 86%). Finally the support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors and Naïve Bayes algorithm are used to classifier the music mood. The performance of `exuberance' mood is totally satisfactory, while the `depression' and `contentment' mood are hard to distinguish.
In vivo notch reactivation in differentiating cochlear hair cells induces sox2 and prox1 expression but does not disrupt hair cell maturation

Background: Notch signaling is active in mouse cochlear prosensory progenitors but declines in differentiating sensory hair cells (HCs). Overactivation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) in progenitors blocks HC fate commitment and/or differentiation. However, it is not known whether reactivation of NICD in differentiating HCs also interrupts their developmental program and reactivates its downstream targets. Results: By analyzing Atoh1CreER+; Rosa26‐NICDloxp/+ or Atoh1CreER+; Rosa26‐NICDloxp/+; RBP‐Jloxp/loxp mice, we demonstrated that ectopic NICD in differentiating HCs caused reactivation of Sox2 and Prox1 in an RBP‐J‐dependent manner. Interestingly, Prox1 reactivation was exclusive to outer HCs (OHCs). In addition, lineage tracing analysis of Prox1CreER/+; Rosa26‐EYFPloxp/+ and Prox1CreEGFP/+; Rosa26‐EYFPloxp/+ mice showed that nearly all HCs experiencing Prox1 expression were OHCs. Surprisingly, these HCs still matured normally with expression of prestin, wild‐type‐like morphology, and uptake of FM4‐64FX dye at adult ages. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the developmental program of cochlear differentiating HCs is refractory to Notch reactivation and that Notch is an upstream regulator of Sox2 and Prox1 in cochlear development. In addition, our results support that Sox2 and Prox1 should not be the main blockers for terminal differentiation of HCs newly regenerated from postnatal cochlear SCs that still maintain Sox2 and Prox1 expression. Developmental Dynamics 241:684–696, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrated visual representations for programming with real-world input and output

As computers become more pervasive, more programs deal with real-world input and output (real-world I/O) such as processing camera images and controlling robots. The real-world I/O usually contains complex data hardly represented by text or symbols, while most of the current integrated development environments (IDEs) are equipped with text-based editors and debuggers. My thesis investigates how visual representations of the real world can be integrated within the text-based development environment to enhance the programming experience. In particular, we have designed and implemented IDEs for three scenarios, all of which make use of photos and videos representing the real world. Based on these experiences, we discuss "programming with example data," a technique where the programmer demonstrates examples to the IDE and writes text-based code with support of the examples.
Statistics of microstructure patchiness in a stratified lake

[1] Statistics of microstructure patches in a sheared, strongly stratified metalimnion of Lake Banyoles (Catalonia, Spain), which occupied ∼40% of the total lake depth of 12 m, are analyzed. Light winds ( 0.25 m, the ratio LTp/hp depends on the patch Richardson and mixing Reynolds numbers following the parameterization of Lozovatsky and Fernando (2002). Analysis of the dynamics of mixing reveals that averaged vertical diffusivities ranged between ∼1 × 10−4 m2 s−1 and ∼5 × 10−5 m2 s−1, depending on the phase of the internal waves. Episodic wind gusts (wind speed above 6 m s−1) transfer ∼1.6% of the wind energy to the metalimnion and ∼0.7% to the hypolimnion, generating large microstructure patches with hp of several meters.
Rushes video summarization using a collaborative approach

This paper describes the video summarization system developed by the partners of the K-Space European Network of Excellence for the TRECVID 2008 BBC rushes summarization evaluation. We propose an original method based on individual content segmentation and selection tools in a collaborative system. Our system is organized in several steps. First, we segment the video, secondly we identify relevant and redundant segments, and finally, we select a subset of segments to concatenate and build the final summary with video acceleration incorporated. We analyze the performance of our system through the TRECVID evaluation.
Statistical Image Compression using Fast Fourier Coefficients

Uncompressed images occupy more memory and it contains redundant data. For storage and transmission efficiency compression is required. The purpose of image compression is to reduce the number of bits to represent in image while maintaining visual quality of images. In this paper we implement the Fast Fourier co efficient Transform with non overlapping 3 x 3, 9 x 9 and 27x 27 block sizes of the images. The purpose of the study is to reduce the original image into asmall set of pixels by using the Fourier coefficients with this idea the compression is successfully implemented on various images, computed the Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Compression Ratio (CR) for the various images.
An efficient architecture model for systematic design of application-specific multiprocessor SoC

In this paper, we present a novel approach for the design of application specific multiprocessor systems-on chip. Our approach is based on a generic architecture model which is used as a template throughout the design process. The key characteristics of this model are its great modularity, flexibility and scalability which make it reusable for a large class of applications. In addition, it allows one accelerate the design cycle. This paper focuses on the definition of the architecture model and the systematic design flow that can be automated. The feasibility and effectiveness of this approach are illustrated by two significant demonstration examples.
Automatic Classification for Pathological Prostate Images Based on Fractal Analysis

Accurate grading for prostatic carcinoma in pathological images is important to prognosis and treatment planning. Since human grading is always time-consuming and subjective, this paper presents a computer-aided system to automatically grade pathological images according to Gleason grading system which is the most widespread method for histological grading of prostate tissues. We proposed two feature extraction methods based on fractal dimension to analyze variations of intensity and texture complexity in regions of interest. Each image can be classified into an appropriate grade by using Bayesian, k-NN, and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers, respectively. Leave-one-out and k-fold cross-validation procedures were used to estimate the correct classification rates (CCR). Experimental results show that 91.2%, 93.7%, and 93.7% CCR can be achieved by Bayesian, k-NN, and SVM classifiers, respectively, for a set of 205 pathological prostate images. If our fractal-based feature set is optimized by the sequential floating forward selection method, the CCR can be promoted up to 94.6%, 94.2%, and 94.6%, respectively, using each of the above three classifiers. Experimental results also show that our feature set is better than the feature sets extracted from multiwavelets, Gabor filters, and gray-level co-occurrence matrix methods because it has a much smaller size and still keeps the most powerful discriminating capability in grading prostate images.