Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
HAPLESS 13 , the Arabidopsis m 1 Adaptin , Is Essential for Protein Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network / Early Endosome 1 [ C ]

In plant cells, secretory and endocytic routes intersect at the trans-Golgi network (TGN)/early endosome (EE), where cargos are further sorted correctly and in a timely manner. Cargo sorting is essential for plant survival and therefore necessitates complex molecular machinery. Adaptor proteins (APs) play key roles in this process by recruiting coat proteins and selecting cargos for different vesicle carriers. The m1 subunit of AP-1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was recently identified at the TGN/EE and shown to be essential for cytokinesis. However, little was known about other cellular activities affected by mutations in AP-1 or the developmental consequences of such mutations. We report here that HAPLESS13 (HAP13), the Arabidopsis m1 adaptin, is essential for protein sorting at the TGN/EE. Functional loss of HAP13 displayed pleiotropic developmental defects, some of which were suggestive of disrupted auxin signaling. Consistent with this, the asymmetric localization of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2), an auxin transporter, was compromised in the mutant. In addition, cell morphogenesis was disrupted. We further demonstrate that HAP13 is critical for brefeldin A-sensitive but wortmannin-insensitive post-Golgi trafficking. Our results show that HAP13 is a key link in the sophisticated trafficking network in plant cells.
A Scalable Meta-Classifier Combining Search and Classification Techniques for Multi-Level Text Categorization

Nowadays, documents are increasingly associated with multi-level category hierarchies rather than a flat category scheme. As the volume and diversity of documents grow, so do the size and complexity of the corresponding category hierarchies. To be able to access such hierarchically classified documents in real-time, we need fast automatic methods to navigate these hierarchies. Today’s data domains are also very different from each other, such as medicine and politics. These distinct domains can be handled by different classifiers. A document representation system which incorporates the inherent category structure of the data should also add useful semantic content to the data vectors and thus lead to better separability of classes. In this paper, we present a scalable meta-classifier to tackle today’s problem of multi-level data classification in the presence of large datasets. To speed up the classification process, we use a search-based method to detect the level-1 category of a test document. For this purpose, we use a category–hierarchy-based vector representation. We evaluate the meta-classifier by scaling to both longer documents as well as to a larger category set and show it to be robust in both cases. We test the architecture of our meta-classifier using six different base classifiers (Random forest, C4.5, multilayer perceptron, naive Bayes, BayesNet (BN) and PART). We observe that even though there is a very small variation in the performance of different architectures, all of them perform much better than the corresponding single baseline classifiers. We conclude that there is substantial potential in this meta-classifier architecture, rather than the classifiers themselves, which successfully improves classification performance.
Preventing Empathic Distress and Social Stressors at Work Through Nonviolent Communication Training: A Field Study With Health Professionals

One major source of mental health problems in health professionals are personally demanding encounters at work. Thus, a crucial prevention focus is the development of emotional and social skills necessary to effectively manage interactions with clients, colleagues, and supervisors. The aim of our pre-post intervention field study was to evaluate an employee training in nonviolent communication (NVC) within a public health organization. A training group participated in a 3-day NVC training and completed questionnaires before and 3 months after training. Changes in NVC skills, empathic distress, empathy, and social stressors at work were compared with data from a control group without training. Additionally, we observed NVC-trained participants’ communication behavior immediately before and after the intervention. We found a promotion of communication skills in training participants as evidenced by increased emotion verbalization behavior and enhanced use of NVC at work. Empathic distress declined, and an increase of social stressors at work was prevented by enhanced emotion verbalization. The findings demonstrate that NVC training can be an effective means to foster emotional and interpersonal skills and to prevent empathic distress and social stressors at work in individuals working in socioemotionally challenging settings. Possible causal mechanisms explaining the training effects are discussed.
Dimerization of adiponectin receptor 1 is inhibited by adiponectin

AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are newly discovered members of the huge family of seven-transmembrane receptors, but both receptors are structurally and functionally different from G-protein-coupled receptors. Little is known about the oligomerization of the AdipoRs. Here, we show the presence of endogenous AdipoR1 dimers in various cell lines and human muscle tissue. To directly follow and localize the dimerization, we applied bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) in combination with flow cytometry. We visualized and quantified AdipoR1 homodimers in HEK293 cells. Moreover, we identified a GxxxG dimerization motif in the fifth transmembrane domain of the AdipoR1. By mutating both glycine residues to phenylalanine or glutamic acid, we were able to modulate the dimerization of AdipoR1, implicating a role for the GxxxG motif in AdipoR1 dimerization. Furthermore, we tested whether the AdipoR1 ligand adiponectin had any influence on receptor dimerization. Interestingly, we found that adiponectin decreases the receptor dimerization in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect is mainly mediated by segments of the collagen-like domain of full-length adiponectin. Accordingly, this is the first direct read-out signal of adiponectin at the AdipoR1 receptor, which revealed the involvement of specific amino acids of both the receptor and the ligand to modulate the quaternary structure of the AdipoR1.
Therapeutics , Targets , and Chemical Biology Mixed Lineage Kinase MLK 4 Is Activated in Colorectal Cancers Where It Synergistically Cooperates with Activated RAS Signaling in Driving Tumorigenesis

Colorectal cancers (CRC) are commonly classified into those with microsatellite instability and those that are microsatellite stable (MSS) but chromosomally unstable. The latter are characterized by poor prognosis and remain largely intractable at the metastatic stage. Comprehensive mutational analyses have revealed that the mixed lineage kinase 4 (MLK4) protein kinase is frequently mutated in MSS CRC with approximately 50% of the mutations occurring in KRASor BRAF-mutant tumors. This kinase has not been characterized previously and the relevance of MLK4 somatic mutations in oncogenesis has not been established. We report that MLK4-mutated alleles in CRC are constitutively active and increase the transformation and tumorigenic capacity of RAS-mutated cell lines. Gene expression silencing or targeted knockout of MLK4 impairs the oncogenic properties of KRASand BRAF-mutant cancer cells both in vitro and in xenograft models. In establishing the role of MLK4 in intracellular signaling, we show it directly phosphorylates MEK1 (MAP2K1) and that MEK/ERK (MAPK1) signaling is impaired in MLK4 knockout cells. These findings suggest that MLK4 inhibitors may be efficacious in KRASand BRAF-mutated CRCs and may provide a new opportunity for targeting such recalcitrant tumors. Cancer Res; 73(6); 1–10.
Cross-platform aviation analytics using big-data methods

This paper identifies key aviation data sets for operational analytics, presents a methodology for application of big-data analysis methods to operational problems, and offers examples of analytical solutions using an integrated aviation data warehouse. Big-data analysis methods have revolutionized how both government and commercial researchers can analyze massive aviation databases that were previously too cumbersome, inconsistent or irregular to drive high-quality output. Traditional data-mining methods are effective on uniform data sets such as flight tracking data or weather. Integrating heterogeneous data sets introduces complexity in data standardization, normalization, and scalability. The variability of underlying data warehouse can be leveraged using virtualized cloud infrastructure for scalability to identify trends and create actionable information. The applications for big-data analysis in airspace system performance and safety optimization have high potential because of the availability and diversity of airspace related data. Analytical applications to quantitatively review airspace performance, operational efficiency and aviation safety require a broad data set. Individual information sets such as radar tracking data or weather reports provide slices of relevant data, but do not provide the required context, perspective and detail on their own to create actionable knowledge. These data sets are published by diverse sources and do not have the standardization, uniformity or defect controls required for simple integration and analysis. At a minimum, aviation big-data research requires the fusion of airline, aircraft, flight, radar, crew, and weather data in a uniform taxonomy, organized so that queries can be automated by flight, by fleet, or across the airspace system.
The Rare TXNRD1_v3 (“v3”) Splice Variant of Human Thioredoxin Reductase 1 Protein Is Targeted to Membrane Rafts by N-Acylation and Induces Filopodia Independently of Its Redox Active Site Integrity*

Background: The TXNRD1_v3 (“v3”) protein is a rare variant of human thioredoxin reductase 1. Results: Membrane targeting of v3 occurs by N-terminal myristoylation and palmitoylation, and its overexpression triggers induction of filopodia independently of its redox active site integrity. Conclusion: The v3 protein is targeted to membrane rafts. Significance: These results imply that v3, shown to be targeted to membrane rafts, may be involved in signaling events. The human selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by the TXNRD1 gene, is a key player in redox regulation. Alternative splicing generates several TrxR1 variants, one of which is v3 that carries an atypical N-terminal glutaredoxin domain. When overexpressed, v3 associates with membranes and triggers formation of filopodia. Here we found that membrane targeting of v3 is mediated by myristoylation and palmitoylation of its N-terminal MGC motif, through which v3 specifically targets membrane rafts. This was suggested by its localization in cholera toxin subunit B-stained membrane areas and also shown using lipid fractionation experiments. Utilizing site-directed mutant variants, we also found that v3-mediated generation of filopodia is independent of the Cys residues in its redox active site, but dependent upon its membrane raft targeting. These results identify v3 as an intricately regulated protein that expands TXNRD1-derived protein functions to the membrane raft compartment.
Combined Injuries-Soft Tissue Management

The combination of severe bone and soft tissue injuries challenges all hand surgeons. Immediate restoration of all damaged structures is the goal whenever possible, integrating soft tissue techniques with principles of internal fixation. Debridement must be radical and resulting defects in bone, vessel, nerve, tendon and skin must be reconstituted with the combination of free and vascularized grafts. Rigid internal fixation is mandatory to allow functional restoration of the hand to begin with a stable platform against which motor tendon units and gliding structures to move. The timing of subsequent reconstruction is based on the prerequisites of adequate vascularity and soft tissue coverage. Understanding the reconstructive ladder and the nuances of techniques regarding skin grafting, local and distant flaps and microsurgical reconstruction is necessary to complete reconstruction in a timely and appropriate fashion. Various soft tissue techniques are described; from simple skin grafting to the use of toe to hand transfers. The decision to amputate versus reconstruct is also important, particularly in today's cost conscious health care environment. Finally, a well thought out and directed rehabilitation program will allow patients to ultimately return to functional status after mutilating injuries of the hand. This article provides a comprehensive review of the combined injury.
Use of pesticides in Finnish forest nurseries in 1996

In 1996 a questionnaire on seedling production and use of pesticides was sent to 33 forest nurseries in Finland. Twenty-eight nurseries answered the questionnaire; thus the survey covered about 80% of the Finnish production of forest seedlings. According to this study, the Finnish nurseries together are using about 1000 kilograms of pesticides (as active ingredient, a.i.) annually. The most used herbicide was terbutylazine (GardoprimNeste®), and half of the total amount of fungicide used was chlorothalonil (Bravo 500®). Three fourths of the insecticide products had permethrin as the active ingredient. The nurseries applied, on average, 1.7 kg pesticides (a.i.)/ha annually, although the amount varied considerably between nurseries. In production of container seedlings the highest mean amounts of pesticides were applied to pine seedlings (9.5 kg/ha) and the lowest to spruce seedlings (0.9 kg/ha). To the fi elds of bareroot seedlings the nurseries applied, on average, 3.9 kg pesticides (a.i.)/ha. Mean amounts of pesticide (a.i.) per 1000 seedlings grown in containers were almost the same for birch and pine production, 1.6 and 1.7 grams, respectively; for production of spruce seedlings the comparable values were less than 0.5 grams. For production of bareroot seedlings the nurseries used about four times more pesticides than for container seedlings.
Schistosoma japonicum infection in pregnant mice

Ten 1-week and ten 2-weeks pregnant female NMRI mice were experimentally exposed to 70 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Ten littermice from each group were examined for worms by perfusion 4, 6 and 8 weeks post infection. Although the mothers (n = 15) were found infected with 15.5 ± 13.4 worms at perfusion 6 and 7 weeks post infection, no worms were found in any of the examined littermice, as well as no detection of faecal or tissue eggs. Litter sizes did not differ from control groups and all littermice were healthy. The present study therefore suggests that congenital infection with S. japonicum does not occur in percutaneously infected mice and that infection of the mother during pregnancy does not seem to affect the offspring.
Optical DQPSK Modulation Performance Evaluation

The always increasing amount of internet traffic in optical networks led to the need of using efficient modulation formats. Conventional on-off-keyed (OOK) signals have been extensively employed in optical communication systems. However, OOK modulation is inadequate for transmission of 40 Gbit/s per channel, or higher, bit rates (Winzer & Essiambre, 2006) mainly because of its reduced robustness to fiber nonlinearity, chromatic dispersion and optical filtering at such bit rates. In order to overcome such impairments, several advanced modulation formats received particular attention in the last few years. Some of these modulation formats still carry the information in the amplitude of the signal. However, they also modulate the phase of the signal to increase its robustness to transmission impairments. Some examples of such modulation formats are duobinary and alternate mark inversion. The most promising modulation formats for future optical networks make use of the phase of the signals to carry information. Among such formats, differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) are the ones more often referred. These modulation formats led already to several landmark experimental results confirming their potential (Ho, 2005), (Winzer et al., 2008). The main advantages of DPSK are approximately 3 dB improvement on optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) when compared with conventional OOK, and improved dispersion and polarization mode dispersion tolerance (Xu et al., 2004). DQPSK shows also improved spectral efficiency (Morita & Yoshikane, 2005). The evaluation of DQPSK system performance is usually performed using Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation or Karhunen-Loeve series expansion (Bosco & Poggiolini, 2006). The complexity of evaluating the performance of DQPSK system where noise added by optical amplifiers is the main noise source is the main reason for using these performance evaluation methods. However, while MC simulation has the time consumption disadvantage, Karhunen-Loeve series expansion derivation is usually of complex nature when rigorous DQPSK system performance evaluation is the goal. Furthermore, these methods provide reduced insight on the effects impairing the transmission system performance unless extensive analysis of different sets of parameters is performed.
Analysis of the error performance of trellis-coded modulations in Rayleigh-fading channels

This work presents an exact expression for the pairwise error event probability of trellis-coded modulation (TCM) transmitted over Rayleigh-fading channels. It includes phase shift keying (PSK) and multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) codes, as well as coherent and partially coherent (e.g. differential, pilot tone, etc.) detection. Due to the form of the exact pairwise error event probabilities, this calculation technique cannot be used with the transfer function technique to obtain an upper (union) bound on the overall bit error probability. For this reason, the authors estimate the bit error probability by considering only a small number of short error events. Through simulations, they found that the estimation is usually very accurate at high signal-to-noise ratios but not as accurate at lower signal-to-noise ratios. They study several coded modulation schemes this way. Among the results are the fact that TCM provides significant improvement in the error floor when detected differentially, and an asymmetry in the pairwise error event probability for 16 QAM. >
Short-Term Human-Robot Interaction through Conditional Planning and Execution

The deployment of robots in public environments is gaining more and more attention and interest both for the research opportunities and for the possibility of developing commercial applications over it. In these scenarios, proper definitions and implementations of human-robot interactions are crucial and the specific characteristics of the environment (in particular, the presence of untrained users) makes the task of defining and implementing effective interactions particularly challenging. In this paper, we describe a method and a fully implemented robotic system using conditional planning for generating and executing short-term interactions by a robot deployed in a public environment. To this end, the proposed method integrates and extends two components already successfully used for planning in robotics: ROSPlan and Petri Net Plans. The contributions of this paper are the problem definition of generating short-term interactions as a conditional planning problem and the description of a solution fully implemented on a real robot. The proposed method is based on the integration between a contingent planner in ROSPlan and the Petri Net Plans execution framework, and it has been tested in different scenarios where the robot interacted with hundreds of untrained users.
Programming Visual and Script-based Big Data Analytics Workflows on Clouds

Data analysis applications often include large datasets and complex software systems in which multiple data processing tools are executed in a coordinated way. Data analysis workflows are effective in expressing task coordination and they can be designed through visualand script-based programming paradigms. The Data Mining Cloud Framework (DMCF) supports the design and scalable execution of data analysis applications on Cloud platforms. A workflow in DMCF can be developed using a visualor a script-based language. The visual language, called VL4Cloud, is based on a design approach for high-level users, e.g., domain expert analysts having a limited knowledge of programming paradigms. The script-based language JS4Cloud is provided as a flexible programming paradigm for skilled users who prefer to code their workflows through scripts. Both languages implement a data-driven task parallelism that spawns ready-to-run tasks to Cloud resources. In addition, they exploit implicit parallelism that frees users from duties like workload partitioning, synchronization and communication. In this chapter, we present the DMCF framework and discuss how its workflow paradigm has been integrated with the MapReduce model. In particular, we describe how VL4Cloud/JS4Cloud workflows can include MapReduce tools, and how these workflows are executed in parallel on DMCF enabling scalable data processing on Clouds.
Cloning of the mating type loci from Pyrenopeziza brassicae reveals the presence of a novel mating type gene within a discomycete MAT 1‐2 locus encoding a putative metallothionein‐like protein

The mating type loci were cloned from Pyrenopeziza brassicae by chromosome walking from a mating type‐linked polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment and shown to be idiomorphic by sequence analysis. The MAT 1‐1 locus is approximately 3.2 kb and contains a single gene encoding a putative high‐mobility group (HMG) domain protein. The MAT 1‐2 locus is approximately 3.9 kb with three open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative HMG domain, an α‐1 domain and metallothionein‐like proteins. The putative α‐1 domain ORF on MAT 1‐2 is transcribed in the opposite orientation to the other two transcripts and extends into non‐idiomorphic sequence. This is the first report of sequence analysis of the mating type loci from a discomycete fungus, which has revealed an interesting mating type infrastructure within the MAT 1‐2 locus. Although metallothionein‐like proteins have been implicated in a number of processes in animals and plants, they have not to date been implicated in the mating process of filamentous fungi. Possible roles for metallothionein‐like proteins in the mating process are discussed.
Similarities within young and middle‐aged spouse pairs in behavioral and cardiovascular response to two experimental stressors.

&NA; The similarities of 30 young (X = 26 years) and 30 middle‐aged (X = 52 years) spouse pairs in behavioral and cardiovascular response to two experimental stressors were compared to assess the importance of shared home experiences in determining cardiovascular responsivity to stress. Familial environmental influences on reactivity should produce increasing similarity among family members with number of years lived together. Although pair members exhibited a number of behavioral similarities, some of which appeared to increase with number of years lived together, there were few similarities in heart rate and blood pressure response to stress. However, both young and middle‐aged pairs exhibited significant similarities in systolic blood pressure response to isometric handgrip. The fact that similarities were observed in young as well as middle‐aged spouse pairs suggests that assortative mating in regards to cardiovascular reactivity to stress may occur in some instances. As a result, some previous estimates of the heritability of cardiovascular reactivity to environmental stress may have been artificially low.