Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Physiological Monitoring with a Wearable Opto-Electronic Patch Sensor (OEPS) for Motion Reduction

This paper presents a comparative study in physiological monitoring between a wearable opto-electronic patch sensor (OEPS) comprising a three-axis Microelectromechanical systems (MEMs) accelerometer (3MA) and commercial devices. The study aims to effectively capture critical physiological parameters, for instance, oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiration rate and heart rate variability, as extracted from the pulsatile waveforms captured by OEPS against motion artefacts when using the commercial probe. The protocol involved 16 healthy subjects and was designed to test the features of OEPS, with emphasis on the effective reduction of motion artefacts through the utilization of a 3MA as a movement reference. The results show significant agreement between the heart rates from the reference measurements and the recovered signals. Significance of standard deviation and error of mean yield values of 2.27 and 0.65 beats per minute, respectively; and a high correlation (0.97) between the results of the commercial sensor and OEPS. T, Wilcoxon and Bland-Altman with 95% limit of agreement tests were also applied in the comparison of heart rates extracted from these sensors, yielding a mean difference (MD: 0.08). The outcome of the present work incites the prospects of OEPS on physiological monitoring during physical activities.
Real-Time Kalman Filtering for Nonuniformity Correction in Infrared Focal-Plane Arrays ∗

A new algorithm for nonuniformity correction in infrared focal-plane arrays has been developed. The method is based on Kalman Filter theory. The algorithm operates, per pixel and per frame, assuming that the nonuniformity parameters follow a Gauss-Markov model. The uncertainty on the input irradiance parameter of the observation model is solved using the spatial infrared information collected from the scene. The performance of the algorithm was tested using sequences of infrared data corrupted with both simulated and real nonuniformity.
A Localization Approach for Crowdsourced Air Traffic Communication Networks

In this work, we argue that current state-of-the-art methods of aircraft localization such as multilateration are insufficient, in particular for modern crowdsourced air traffic networks with random, unplanned deployment geometry. We propose an alternative, a grid-based localization approach using the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm, to deal with the identified shortcomings. Our proposal does not require any changes to the existing air traffic protocols and transmitters, and is easily implemented using only low-cost, commercial-off-the-shelf hardware. Using an algebraic multilateration algorithm for comparison, we evaluate our approach using real-world flight data collected with our collaborative sensor network OpenSky. We quantify its effectiveness in terms of aircraft location accuracy, surveillance coverage, and the verification of false position data. Our results show that the grid-based approach can increase the effective air traffic surveillance coverage compared to multilateration by a factor of up to 2.5. As it does not suffer from dilution of precision, it is much more robust in noisy environments and performs better in pre-existing, unplanned receiver deployments. We further find that the mean aircraft location accuracy can be increased by up to 41% in comparison with multilateration while also being able to pinpoint the origin of potential spoofing attacks conducted from the ground.
Molecular profiling of chronic myeloid leukemia in eastern India

Molecular breakpoint of the BCR‐ABL fusion gene has been characterized for 122 chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Out of 122 cases, 33 b2a2, 69 b3a2, 2 e1a2, and 2 e19a2 cases have been detected. Six coexpressed both b2a2 and b3a2 transcripts. All the coexpressing samples had an A>G polymorphism at the putative splice branchpoint in intron 13. The T>C polymorphism in exon 13, reported to be linked to coexpression, was not present in all the coexpressing patients. No correlation of transcript type with platelet count was detected. Those expressing b2a2 transcript were diagnosed at relatively younger age and with higher white blood cell count, in agreement with other reports. However, the correlation was not statistically significant. Am. J. Hematol. , 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GREAT: A Finite-State Machine Translation Toolkit Implementing a Grammatical Inference Approach for Transducer Inference (GIATI)

GREAT is a finite-state toolkit which is devoted to Machine Translation and that learns structured models from bilingual data. The training procedure is based on grammatical inference techniques to obtain stochastic transducers that model both the structure of the languages and the relationship between them. The inference of grammars from natural language causes the models to become larger when a less restrictive task is involved; even more if a bilingual modelling is being considered. GREAT has been successful to implement the GIATI learning methodology, using different scalability issues to be able to deal with corpora of high volume of data. This is reported with experiments on the EuroParl corpus, which is a state-of-the-art task in Statistical Machine Translation.
The effect of handling time on subsistence technology

Models in evolutionary ecology have been applied to non-human decision making for decades. Archaeologists have been especially attracted to foraging models, because the evidence of past subsistence activities is a common component of the archaeological record world-wide. No foraging model, though, accounts for the effects of subsistence technology. The 'Tech Investment Model' we describe here does just this. Assuming that most technologies serve to reduce handling time, a critical component of a resource's profitability, the model generates predictions about how much time an individual should invest in any particular technology. Although preliminary, data from an initial test case in the Great Basin conform to the general expectations of the model. Most importantly, the exercise forces attention to the relationships between tools and the resources handled with them, and has implications for subsistence transitions world-wide.
Neural Contextual Conversation Learning with Labeled Question-Answering Pairs

Neural conversational models tend to produce generic or safe responses in different contexts, e.g., reply \textit{"Of course"} to narrative statements or \textit{"I don't know"} to questions. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end approach to avoid such problem in neural generative models. Additional memory mechanisms have been introduced to standard sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models, so that context can be considered while generating sentences. Three seq2seq models, which memorize a fix-sized contextual vector from hidden input, hidden input/output and a gated contextual attention structure respectively, have been trained and tested on a dataset of labeled question-answering pairs in Chinese. The model with contextual attention outperforms others including the state-of-the-art seq2seq models on perplexity test. The novel contextual model generates diverse and robust responses, and is able to carry out conversations on a wide range of topics appropriately.
Finite tensor deformations of supergravity solitons

We consider brane solutions where the tensor degrees of freedom are excited. Explicit solutions to the full non-linear supergravity equations of motion are given for the M5 and D3 branes, corresponding to finite selfdual tensor or Born-Infeld field strengths. The solutions are BPS-saturated and half-supersymmetric. The resulting metric space-times are analysed.
A Multi‐Modal Treatment for Incest Survivors: Preliminary Outcome Data

This paper describes a pilot study of a 1-year multi-modal treatment for incest survivors, incorporating individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy. The treatment was designed to provide a therapeutic context in which the affective intensity and meaning originally attached to the traumatic experience could be tolerated, and in which a thoughtful, reflective construction of the impact of the trauma could be developed. PTSD symptoms decreased in all participants, with all but one no longer meeting the diagnosis at post-treatment and follow-up. Using a narrative methodology, maladaptive schemas and overwhelming affects, ‘trauma themes’, were also assessed to understand the survivors' views about themselves, others and the world around them. Participants demonstrated a steady pattern of improvement in the resolution of trauma themes. A discussion of the complex posttraumatic response to incest is included, as is a brief description of the treatment.
Mechanisms of Team-Sport-Related Brain Injuries in Children 5 to 19 Years Old: Opportunities for Prevention

Background There is a gap in knowledge about the mechanisms of sports-related brain injuries. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms of brain injuries among children and youth participating in team sports. Methods We conducted a retrospective case series of brain injuries suffered by children participating in team sports. The Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) database was searched for brain injury cases among 5–19 year-olds playing ice hockey, soccer, American football (football), basketball, baseball, or rugby between 1990 and 2009. Mechanisms of injury were classified as “struck by player,” “struck by object,” “struck by sport implement,” “struck surface,” and “other. ” A descriptive analysis was performed. Results There were 12,799 brain injuries related to six team sports (16.2% of all brain injuries registered in CHIRPP). Males represented 81% of injuries and the mean age was 13.2 years. Ice hockey accounted for the greatest number of brain injuries (44.3%), followed by soccer (19.0%) and football (12.9%). In ice hockey, rugby, and basketball, striking another player was the most common injury mechanism. Football, basketball, and soccer also demonstrated high proportions of injuries due to contact with an object (e.g., post) among younger players. In baseball, a common mechanism in the 5–9 year-old group was being hit with a bat as a result of standing too close to the batter (26.1% males, 28.3% females). Interpretation Many sports-related brain injury mechanisms are preventable. The results suggest that further efforts aimed at universal rule changes, safer playing environments, and the education of coaches, players, and parents should be targeted in maximizing prevention of sport-related brain injury using a multifaceted approach.
Dinitrosyliron complexes and the mechanism(s) of cellular protein nitrosothiol formation from nitric oxide

Nitrosothiols (RSNO), formed from thiols and metabolites of nitric oxide (•NO), have been implicated in a diverse set of physiological and pathophysiological processes, although the exact mechanisms by which they are formed biologically are unknown. Several candidate nitrosative pathways involve the reaction of •NO with O2, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and transition metals. We developed a strategy using extracellular ferrocyanide to determine that under our conditions intracellular protein RSNO formation occurs from reaction of •NO inside the cell, as opposed to cellular entry of nitrosative reactants from the extracellular compartment. Using this method we found that in RAW 264.7 cells RSNO formation occurs only at very low (<8 μM) O2 concentrations and exhibits zero-order dependence on •NO concentration. Indeed, RSNO formation is not inhibited even at O2 levels <1 μM. Additionally, chelation of intracellular chelatable iron pool (CIP) reduces RSNO formation by >50%. One possible metal-dependent, O2-independent nitrosative pathway is the reaction of thiols with dinitrosyliron complexes (DNIC), which are formed in cells from the reaction of •NO with the CIP. Under our conditions, DNIC formation, like RSNO formation, is inhibited by ≈50% after chelation of labile iron. Both DNIC and RSNO are also increased during overproduction of ROS by the redox cycler 5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that cellular RSNO are formed from free •NO via transnitrosation from DNIC derived from the CIP. We have examined in detail the kinetics and mechanism of RSNO formation inside cells.
AIS Electronic Library (AISeL)

Cloud Computing is gaining popularity as a new IT arrangement in organizations, offering many advantages such as cost reduction and high flexibility that help in coping with high elasticity of demand. This study investigates organization‟s propensity to adopt Cloud computing services. The decision is viewed as an IT outsourcing decision and as a technology adoption decision through three theoretical perspectives: Transaction cost theory, resource dependence theory and diffusion of innovation theory. Based on these theories, a conceptual model is proposed with research hypotheses for future empirical testing. The study makes an attempt to contribute to the emerging literature of cloud computing, in addition to offering organizations considering adoption a list of benefits and risks of adopting cloud computing
Multilevel analysis of small area violent crime and preterm birth in a racially diverse urban area

Abstract Background: Preterm birth results in considerable morbidity and mortality among children in the USA. The risk of preterm birth is not fully explained by individual maternal risk factors, although there is some evidence that adverse environmental factors, such as living in a high crime neighborhood, may contribute to an increased risk of preterm birth. Methods: We used multilevel logistic regression to investigate the association between census block group violent crime rate and the probability of preterm birth, controlling for potential individual and neighborhood level confounders. We restricted our analysis to births within the City of Atlanta, GA in the years 1998–2006. Results: Preterm births comprised 13.1% of 50,665 births in Atlanta. Violent crime rates at the block group level showed significant interaction with maternal age. The odds of preterm birth among women in the highest two violent crime quartiles were increased compared with women in the lowest violent crime quartile among women 30 years and older; there was no association between living in the highest block group crime quartiles and preterm birth compared with living in the lowest crime quartile among women younger than 30 years. Conclusions: There is evidence of an association between living in a high crime area and an increased risk of preterm birth for women over 30 years of age, when considering violent crime rate at the block group scale.
No Adverse Effect of Residual Neoplastic Mast Cells in Systemic Mastocytosis Associated with Acute Myeloid Leukemia with T ( 8 ; 21 ) ( Q 22 ; Q 22 ) ; Runx 1-Runx 1 t 1 after Bone Marrow Transplantation

Mast cells are often increased in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21), however, concurrent development of systemic mastocytosis (SM) is rare. Here we report the case of a 22-year-old man with concurrent AML and SM. Although he achieved remission with chemotherapy, he relapsed with development of a myeloid sarcoma in the brain. After successful matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplant, neoplastic mast cells carrying both the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 translocation and the c-kit point mutation D816 V persisted in the marrow for up to 18 months after transplantation. Despite this, leukemia remains in continuous complete remission for 8.75 years. This observation suggests that neoplastic mast cells in SM-AML with t(8;21) have no adverse effect on hematopoiesis after bone marrow transplantation.
Cyclase-associated Protein (CAP) Acts Directly on F-actin to Accelerate Cofilin-mediated Actin Severing across the Range of Physiological pH*

Background: Cytosolic pH blocks actin disassembly in vitro. Results: CAP actively participates in actin disassembly, augmenting cofilin activity across the physiological pH range. Conclusion: CAP is an important actin disassembly factor necessary to drive actin turnover under physiological conditions. Significance: We identify a new mechanism through which CAP affects fast actin dynamics even at acidic pH values found in cells. Fast actin depolymerization is necessary for cells to rapidly reorganize actin filament networks. Utilizing a Listeria fluorescent actin comet tail assay to monitor actin disassembly rates, we observed that although a mixture of actin disassembly factors (cofilin, coronin, and actin-interacting protein 1 is sufficient to disassemble actin comet tails in the presence of physiological G-actin concentrations this mixture was insufficient to disassemble actin comet tails in the presence of physiological F-actin concentrations. Using biochemical complementation, we purified cyclase-associated protein (CAP) from thymus extracts as a factor that protects against the inhibition of excess F-actin. CAP has been shown to participate in actin dynamics but has been thought to act by liberating cofilin from ADP·G-actin monomers to restore cofilin activity. However, we found that CAP augments cofilin-mediated disassembly by accelerating the rate of cofilin-mediated severing. We also demonstrated that CAP acts directly on F-actin and severs actin filaments at acidic, but not neutral, pH. At the neutral pH characteristic of cytosol in most mammalian cells, we demonstrated that neither CAP nor cofilin are capable of severing actin filaments. However, the combination of CAP and cofilin rapidly severed actin at all pH values across the physiological range. Therefore, our results reveal a new function for CAP in accelerating cofilin-mediated actin filament severing and provide a mechanism through which cells can maintain high actin turnover rates without having to alkalinize cytosol, which would affect many biochemical reactions beyond actin depolymerization.
“Resistance” to PSC-RANTES Revisited: Two Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 HIV-1SF162 or Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIVSF162-p3 Do Not Confer Resistance

ABSTRACT Resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) to small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors is well demonstrated, but resistance to macromolecular CCR5 inhibitors (e.g., PSC-RANTES) that act by both CCR5 internalization and receptor blockade had not been reported until recently (3). The report of a single simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVSF162-p3 variant with one V3 and one gp41 sequence change in gp160 that conferred both altered replicative fitness and resistance to PSC-RANTES was therefore surprising. We introduced the same two mutations into both the parental HIV-1SF162 and the macaque-adapted SHIVSF162-p3 and found minor differences in entry fitness but no changes in sensitivity to inhibition by either PSC-RANTES or the small-molecule allosteric inhibitor TAK-779. We attribute the earlier finding to confounding fitness effects with inhibitor sensitivity.
The pursuit of buffer tolerance

A system is buffer tolerant when buffers (namely, queues that may be of arbitrary or varying length) may be introduced onto some or all of its channels without introducing errors. We give formal definitions of several types of buffer tolerance within the context of CSP and its models, prove a number of results about it and discuss when these might be useful. Most of our results apply to tree networks and to ones where the processes involved have a property such as being functional or confluent. We demonstrate the close connection of these last two properties by showing that they can both be characterised as appropriate sorts of buffer tolerance.
Management of insomnia and long-term use of sedative-hypnotic drugs in older patients

See also practice article by Wolkove and Baltzan on page [1517][1] and at [www.cmaj. ca/lookup/doi/10.1503/cmaj.130260][2] Benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotic drugs are prescribed to many older adults despite the nearly 5-fold increased risk of adverse cognitive events associated with their
Local anesthesia in the palate: a comparison of techniques and solutions.

It was the purpose of the present investigation to determine if there were differences in soft-tissue anesthesia in the palate following infiltration and greater palatine nerve block anesthesia and to compare lidocaine with lidocaine plus epinephrine as palatal soft tissue anesthetics. Two studies using 10 volunteers were performed. In one trial, volunteers received a palatal infiltration opposite the second maxillary bicuspid on one side and a greater palatine nerve block on the other. Response to sharp probing and pain-pressure thresholds were measured on each side over a 1-hour census period. In the second trial, volunteers received 2% plain lidocaine as a palatal infiltration on one side and a similar infiltration of 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine on the other in a double-blind randomized fashion. Response to sharp probing was assessed over a 55-minute period. Data were analyzed using Student's paired t tests. The response to sharp probing and pressure-pain thresholds did not differ between palatal infiltration and greater palatine nerve block over the 1-hour period. Lidocaine with epinephrine provided longer lasting anesthesia than plain lidocaine following palatal infiltration (P < .001). Greater palatine nerve block and palatal infiltration provide similar soft-tissue anesthesia. Lidocaine with epinephrine produces longer-lasting soft-tissue anesthesia than plain lidocaine following palatal infiltration.
Micronutrient Intake in Healthy Toddlers: A Multinational Perspective

Adequate nutrient intake during early childhood is of particular importance for optimal growth and future health. However, cross-national comparative research on nutrient intake of toddlers is still limited. We conducted a literature review to examine the nutrient intake in healthy toddlers from some of the world’s most populous nations currently on different stages of socioeconomic development: Brazil, Germany, Russia and the United States. We aimed to identify national surveys reporting mean intakes of the following nutrients: vitamins A, D, E, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. To calculate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake, we used a modified version of the Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method. Overall, five studies with 6756 toddlers were eligible for inclusion in this review. In countries where data were available, a prevalence of inadequate intake higher than 20% was found for vitamins A, D, E and calcium. In Germany, folate intake also appeared to be inadequate. The results of our review indicate that inadequate micronutrient intake in toddlers might be a global challenge affecting also affluent countries. However, to explore the full scope of this important public health issue joint efforts of researchers worldwide are needed to combine existing data and fill in data gaps.