Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two independent type III secretion mechanisms for YopE in Yersinia enterocolitica

Pathogenic Yersinia species escape the infected host’s defense mechanisms by targeting cytotoxic Yop proteins into the cytoplasm of macrophages via a type III secretion pathway. Two separate secretion signals contained in YopE were identified, each of which were sufficient but not necessary for the secretion of reporter molecules. One signal is located within the coding sequence of the first 15 amino acids and is sufficient for the secretion of fusion proteins but not required for YopE secretion. The second signal is located downstream at residues 15–100 of YopE and is only recognized by the type III machinery when it is bound to SycE. We propose the existence of two independent mechanisms that allow for the secretion of Yop proteins.
Development of Modified SL0 Algorithm for Modern Wireless Communication System

In modern communication system, for compressive sensing, signal reconstruction involves searching a sparse solution. Till now several approaches to same problem have been measured in existing reconstruction algorithms. They provide a compromise between restoration capabilities and required computational time. In an effort to push the limits for this compromise, we consider a smoothed l0 norm (SL0) algorithm in a noiseless setup. In this paper, we proposed modified version of SL0 algorithm for modern wireless communication system. We argue that using a set of meticulously chosen parameters in our proposed modified SL0 algorithm may result in considerably good restoration capabilities in terms of phase transition while required less computational time as existing SL0 algorithms. A large set of simulations further support this claim. Simulation results show that, comparing with SL0 algorithm, the proposed method can exploit the sparse property with good performance.
Medical dictionary MedDRA: Used in over 60 countries, among which is Montenegro

Introduction: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) is a medical coding dictionary which is designed in order to be used by regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies, clinical research organizations and health care professionals, i.e. all participants in the system of medicines safety monitoring. Methods: This article describes process which is used for medical coding in clinical data management and, in brief, most commonly used medical dictionary MedDRA. The purpose of this paper is a modest contribution to easier and more successful understanding of the encoding process in clinical data management in the fi eld of pharmacovigilance. Topic: MedDRA Development, structure, multi-axiality, availability of foreign languages, as well as common problems faced by medical coding expert while coding were presented. Conclusion: MedDRA has become the standard medical terminology for drug regulators and pharmaceutical companies in Montenegro. Training should be provided to all coders in order to achieve the optimum level of coding and to ensure that all the parameters for quality are achieved. Coding should be treated as one of the most important function in clinical research.
Offline Writer Identification Using Local Derivative Pattern

In this paper, we propose a scheme for identifying the authorship of off-line handwritten documents based on a histogram-based descriptor. The idea of our work is inspired from that of the Local Derivative Patterns (LDP), that has found much success in the application of face recognition. However, to the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind that utilizes them for characterizing the writing style of an author. The efficacy of the algorithm has been tested on the handwritten documents of the CVL database, using two strategies. The performance of writer identification rate on this database indicate that the proposed descriptor is effective for the problem of text independent off-line writer identification.
A novel serine kinase activated by rac1/CDC42Hs‐dependent autophosphorylation is related to PAK65 and STE20.

We identified three proteins in neutrophil cytosol of molecular size 65, 62 and 68 kDa which interact in a GTP‐dependent manner with rac1 and CDC42Hs, but not with rho. Purification of p65 and subsequent peptide sequencing revealed identity to rat brain PAK65 and to yeast STE20 kinase domains. Based on these sequences we screened a human placenta library and cloned the full‐length cDNA. The complete amino acid sequence of the human cDNA shares approximately identity with rat brain PAK65; within the kinase domain the human protein shares > 95% and approximately 63% identity with rat PAK65 and yeast STE20 respectively. The new human (h)PAK65 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed and hPAK65 protein is distinct from either human or rat brain PAK65. Recombinant hPAK65 exhibits identical specificity to the endogenous p65; both can bind rac1 and CDC42Hs in a GTP‐dependent manner. The GTP‐bound forms of rac1 and CDC42Hs induce autophosphorylation of hPAK65 on serine residues only. hPAK65 activated by either rac1 or CDC42Hs is phosphorylated on the same sites. Induction of hPAK65 autophosphorylation by rac1 or CDC42Hs stimulates hPAK65 kinase activity towards myelin basic protein and once hPAK65 is activated, rac1 or CDC42Hs are no longer required to keep it active. The affinities of rac/CDC42Hs for the non‐phosphorylated and phosphorylated hPAK65 were similar. hPAK65 had only a marginal effect on the intrinsic GTPase activity of CDC42Hs, but significantly affected the binding and GAP activity of p190. These data are consistent with a model in which hPAK65 functions as an effector molecule for rac1 and CDC42Hs.
High resolution anatomic model fabrication from CT: Visualizing 3-D error

A new CAM rapid prototype technology is being used to produce life-size anatomic models for custom prosthesis design and surgical planning. An 80 slice CT study was used to produce three bone models with stereolithography, each employing variations in solid models derived from segmented CT data. The error in linear measurements between the CT data and the fabricated model is discussed and a procedure involving a secondary CT scan of the plastic fabricated model and subsequent registration and visualization of error is presented.
Performance evaluation of eigenvalue-based detection strategies in a sensor network

The detection of random signals in noisy measurements is a problem of interest in several scientific applications that has been studied extensively. Recently, sample eigenvalue-based procedures for spectrum sensing and signal detection have received a lot of attention due their computational simplicity, their robustness, and their performance, which is claimed to exceed the performance of the classical Neyman-Pearson detectors. In this paper, through a theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the detection performance of the different eigenvalue-based detection strategies that have been proposed while utilizing the performances of the energy detector and the estimator-correlator as benchmarks. Our results indicate that eigenvalue-based methods are not better than the classical energy detector and estimator-correlator.
Estimated six per cent loss of genetic variation in wild populations since the industrial revolution

Genetic variation is fundamental to population fitness and adaptation to environmental change. Human activities are driving declines in many wild populations and could have similar effects on genetic variation. Despite the importance of estimating such declines, no global estimate of the magnitude of ongoing genetic variation loss has been conducted across species. By combining studies that quantified recent changes in genetic variation across a mean of 27 generations for 91 species, we conservatively estimate a 5.4%–6.5% decline in within‐population genetic diversity of wild organisms since the industrial revolution. This loss has been most severe for island species, which show a 27.6% average decline. We identified taxonomic and geographical gaps in temporal studies that must be urgently addressed. Our results are consistent with single time‐point meta‐analyses, which indicated that genetic variation is likely declining. However, our results represent the first confirmation of a global decline and provide an estimate of the magnitude of the genetic variation lost from wild populations.
Quantitation of muscle function in children: A prospective study in duchenne muscular dystrophy

A protocol has been developed for the quantitative assessment of muscle function in children with muscle disease. It includes total muscle strength (% MRC) based on a clinical assessment of strength of 32 groups using the 6‐point MRC grading; the force of 8 selected muscle groups measured with a specially designed electromyometer; a motor ability score based on 20 consecutive motor activities; walking times over 28 and 150 feet, and recording of muscle contractures. A 3‐year sequential study of 61 boys with Duchenne dystrophy showed progressive decline of muscle strength with age, a close correlation of total strength and the motor ability score (r = 0.89), and a curvilinear relationship of muscle strength with walking times over 28 and 150 feet (r = 0.78 and 0.79, respectively). A profile of the natural progression of Duchenne dystrophy has been established which could serve as a reference base for the assessment of cases at varying ages and their response to therapy and management.
Path Planning in Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile wireless sensor network (MWSN) is a kind of wireless sensor network (WSN) with mobile sink, which is deployed in harsh environment to perform long-term tasks such as data collection and monitoring. Path planning is a fundamental problem in MWSN, which means movement of the mobile nodes in the sensing area should be designed effectively to complete the targets of data collection. However, path planning is a challenging multi-objective optimization issue. Existing schemes of path planning are classified, and their advantages and disadvantages would be compared in this paper. Finally, potential directions of future research are proposed in order to overcome shortcomings of the existing works.
The BETA Programming Language

The BETA programming language is a modern language in the SIMULA 67 tradition. It supports the object-oriented perspective on programming and contains comprehensive facilities for procedural and functional programming. BETA replaces classes, procedures, functions and types by a single abstraction mechanism called the pattern . Patterns may be organized in a classification hierarchy by means of sub-patterns . The notion of virtual procedure is generalized to virtual pattern. Virtual patterns combined with sub-patterns make it possible to delay the specification of an attribute in a pattern. Attributes may then have different bindings in different sub-patterns. BETA also provides a unified framework for sequential, coroutine and concurrent execution. This paper is a tutorial introduction to BETA.
Explorer Learning Embeddings to lexicalise RDF Properties

A difficult task when generating text from knowledge bases (KB) consists in finding appropriate lexicalisations for KB symbols. We present an approach for lexicalising knowledge base relations and apply it to DBPedia data. Our model learns lowdimensional embeddings of words and RDF resources and uses these representations to score RDF properties against candidate lexicalisations. Training our model using (i) pairs of RDF triples and automatically generated verbalisations of these triples and (ii) pairs of paraphrases extracted from various resources, yields competitive results on DBPedia data.
[Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix].

INTRODUCTION Primary malignant melanoma of the cervix is an extremely rare histological variety of cervical tumor, with only 54 cases reported. OBSERVATION A 70 year-old woman consulted for metrorrhagia and pelvic pain. Clinical examination revealed a tumefaction on the anterior labium of the cervix. The anatomo-pathological examination of the biopsy led to diagnosis of a malignant melanoma of the cervix. Despite enlarged Wertheim-type colpohysterectomy associated with pelvic lymphadenectomy, pulmonary metastases developed and the patient died six months later. COMMENT This is a typical case of malignant melanoma of the cervix. All the authors underline the poor prognosis when visceral metastases occur early, as was the case in our patient.
Identifying camera and processing from cropped JPEG photos via tensor analysis

Digital image and video forensics is to detect the authenticity of digital images/videos. So far, existing algorithms are designed by exploring one or several special features, which usually result in limited performance and applicability. With the perspective of entire procedure including image acquisition and image processing, a theory of general blind image forensics is proposed in this paper. Then a new blind image forensic method is designed based on this theory to identify camera source and processing history of cropped compressed digital images. In this method, tensor decomposition analysis is applied to extract features of nonlinear operations, which come from both algorithms embedded within camera and operations done by post-software. Then, the Support Vector Machine is utilized to classify whether the target image is captured by the claimed camera and underwent the declared processing history. Experimental results show that this method has high detection accuracy, which demonstrated that our theory is correct.
How far droplets can move in indoor environments--revisiting the Wells evaporation-falling curve.

UNLABELLED A large number of infectious diseases are believed to be transmitted between people via large droplets and by airborne routes. An understanding of evaporation and dispersion of droplets and droplet nuclei is not only significant for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases but also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. How far droplets can move is related to how far droplet-borne diseases can transmit. A simple physical model is developed and used here to investigate the evaporation and movement of droplets expelled during respiratory activities; in particular, the well-known Wells evaporation-falling curve of droplets is revisited considering the effect of relative humidity, air speed, and respiratory jets. Our simple model considers the movement of exhaled air, as well as the evaporation and movement of a single droplet. Exhaled air is treated as a steady-state non-isothermal (warm) jet horizontally issuing into stagnant surrounding air. A droplet is assumed to evaporate and move in this non-isothermal jet. Calculations are performed for both pure water droplets and droplets of sodium chloride (physiological saline) solution (0.9% w/v). We calculate the droplet lifetimes and how droplet size changes, as well as how far the droplets travel in different relative humidities. Our results indicate that a droplet's size predominately dictates its evaporation and movement after being expelled. The sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are determined under different conditions. The maximum horizontal distances that droplets can reach during different respiratory activities are also obtained. Our study is useful for developing effective prevention measures for controlling infectious diseases in hospitals and in the community at large. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Our study reveals that for respiratory exhalation flows, the sizes of the largest droplets that would totally evaporate before falling 2 m away are between 60 and 100 microm, and these expelled large droplets are carried more than 6 m away by exhaled air at a velocity of 50 m/s (sneezing), more than 2 m away at a velocity of 10 m/s (coughing) and less than 1 m away at a velocity of 1 m/s (breathing). These findings are useful for developing effective engineering control methods for infectious diseases, and also for exploring the basic transmission mechanisms of the infectious diseases. There is a need to examine the air distribution systems in hospital wards for controlling both airborne and droplet-borne transmitted diseases.
Switching from 'unipolar' to bipolar II. An 11-year prospective study of clinical and temperamental predictors in 559 patients.

BACKGROUND Given the therapeutic and prognostic importance of the unipolar-bipolar dichotomy, predicting which patients will become bipolar subsequent to index diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) is of paramount clinical significance. We sought to characterize the profile of patients with MDD who would convert to the more subtle bipolar subtype (known as BPII) on the basis of clinical and personality variables obtained during MDD episodes. METHODS A total of 559 patients, comprehensively evaluated with the Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia and "unipolar" MDD at entry, were administered 17 self-report personality measures. Hypomanic and manic episodes were systematically recorded over a prospective observation period of up to 11 years. We compared 48 converters to BPII (8.6%) with 22 converters to bipolar I (BPI) (3.9%) and the remaining larger group of unipolar patients. RESULTS Except for greater acuteness, severity, and psychotic symptomatology, BPI converters were essentially similar to MDD nonconverters. By contrast, BPII converters were robustly distinguished from those with MDD who remained unipolar on the basis of self-report measures along the newly derived factors of Mood Lability, Energy-Activity, and Daydreaming. This profile was associated with early age at onset of MDD and pleomorphic psychopathology beyond the usual affective realm, high rates of substance abuse, as well as educational, marital, and occupational disruption and minor antisocial acts prior to discrete hypomanic episodes. Overall, BPII switchers had a more protracted and tempestuous course with shorter well intervals. "Habitual self" descriptions of temperamental instability during MDD episodes provided useful clinical information for predicting which depressed patients will switch to BPII, attaining a sensitivity of 91% for all three factors combined (23 items); Mood Lability alone (nine items) was the most specific predictor (86%), though of lower sensitivity (42%). CONCLUSIONS The BPII subtype is best understood by such lability intruding into, and possibly its accentuation during, depressive episodes, thereby creating an intimate interweaving of trait and state. Clinicians must note that the foregoing temperamental profile appears more fundamental in defining the affective dysregulation of the BPII subtype than hypomanic episodes emphasized in DSM-IV.
Es esch fàscht wie Ditsch, oder net? Étiquetage morphosyntaxique de l'alsacien en passant par l'allemand

L’analyse morphosyntaxique est une pierre angulaire de nombreuses applications du traitement automatique des langues. Elle necessite toutefois des efforts de developpement consequents, qu’il s’agisse d’annoter des corpus ou de produire des lexiques et des outils. Pour les langues moins dotees, il peut etre utile d’exploiter leur proximite avec des langues disposant d’outils et de ressources. Dans cet article, nous nous interessons plus particulierement aux dialectes alsaciens, qui presentent de nombreuses similitudes avec l’allemand standard. Nous montrons qu’il est possible d’utiliser des outils developpes pour l’allemand afin de realiser l’analyse morphosyntaxique de textes en alsacien. La methode consiste a transposer les mots outils des textes alsaciens vers leurs equivalents en allemand standard. Cette transposition necessite pour seule ressource un lexique bilingue des mots outils.
New Schemes for Anomaly Score Aggregation and Thresholding

Anomaly-based approaches often require multiple profiles and models in order to characterize different aspects of normal behaviors. In particular, anomaly scores of audit events are obtained by aggregating several local anomaly scores. Remarkably, most works focus on profile/model definition while critical issues of anomaly measuring, aggregating and thresholding are dealt with ”simplistically”. This paper addresses the issue of anomaly scoring and aggregating which is a recurring problem in anomaly-based approaches. We propose a Bayesian-based scheme for aggregating anomaly scores in a multi-model approach and propose a two-stage thresholding scheme in order to meet real-time detection requirements. The basic idea of our scheme is the fact that anomalous behaviors induce either intra-model anomalies or inter-model anomalies. Our experimental studies, carried out on recent and real htt p traffic, show for instance that most attacks induce only intra-model anomalies and can be effectively detected in real-time.
Towards a treebank of spoken French (Vers un treebank du français parlé) [in French]

Nous presentons les premiers resultats d'un corpus arbore pour le francais parle. Il a ete realise dans le cadre du projet ANR Etape (resp. G. Gravier) en 2011 et 2012. Contrairement a d'autres langues comme l'anglais (voir le Switchboard treebank de (Meteer, 1995)), il n'existe pas de grand corpus oral du francais annote et valide pour les constituants et les fonctions syntaxiques. Nous souhaitons construire une ressource comparable, qui serait une extension naturelle du Corpus arbore de Paris 7 (FTB : (Abeille et al., 2003)) base sur des textes du journal Le Monde. Nous serons ainsi en mesure de comparer, avec des annotations comparables, l'ecrit et l'oral. Les premiers resultats, qui consistent a reutiliser l'analyseur de (Petrov et al., 2006) entraine sur l'ecrit, avec une phase de correction manuelle, sont encourageants.
Building an Automated Engagement Recognizer based on Video Analysis

This paper presents a process to build a classifier in a data-driven way for recognizing engagement of children in a robot-based math quiz game. The process consists of collecting video recordings from HRI experiments; annotating the social signals and engagement states via video analysis; extracting feature vectors from the annotations and training classifiers. We conducted an experiment with 7 participants of $10\sim ~11$ years of age using an android robot EveR-4. With three coders annotating the video recordings and extracting features by snapshot model with 1-second time window, we achieved 84.83% recall performance.Categories and Subject DescriptorsI.2 [Computing Methodologies]: Artificial Intelligence; D.2. 2 [Software Engineering]: Design Tools and Techniques-User interfacesGeneral TermsEXPERIMENTATION
IrBurst Modeling and Performance Evaluation for Large Data Block Exchange over High-Speed IrDA Links

IrBurst, recently proposed by IrDA, is a high speed information transmission protocol. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed which leads to derivation of the IrBurst throughput over the IrDA protocol stack. Based on this model, we compare the performance of IrBurst and existing OBEX protocol in order to investigate the suitability of IrBurst protocol for exchange of large data blocks over high-speed IrDA links. Furthermore, the model allows the evaluation of the impact of the link layer parameters, such as window size and frame length, and physical layer parameters, such as minimum turnaround time, on system through-put for high-speed IrDA links and in the presence of transmission errors. Consequently, an effective Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) scheme is proposed at link layer to maximize the throughput efficiency for IrBurst protocol as well as for next generation high speed IrDA links. Simulation result indicates that employment of our proposed ARQ scheme results in significant improvement of IrBurst throughput efficiency at high bit error rates.