Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary fat is a major player in obesity – but not the only one

57 out by Dr Willett, it is not unusual that the subjects started to regain weight after the intervention was over. He regards this regain as being the result of an ‘adaptation’ to the lowfat diet, based on the fact that the subjects’ self-reported fat intakes remained low. However, a much more probable explanation is that this dietary treatment is not, in any way, different from any other treatment, i.e. that it only has an effect as long as the treatment continues. No matter whether we look at pharmacological or dietary therapy, relapse is inevitable after discontinuation of the treatment. Obviously, after the intervention period subjects instructed in a low-fat diet in an intensive intervention will gradually return to the high-fat diet eaten by their family and friends, in restaurants and in the rest of society. It is therefore not surprising that follow-up in these studies, at twoto five-year time-points, will show that weight regain is the rule rather than the exception. But weight loss can actually be maintained for years by compliance to a low-fat diet and by maintaining a higher level of physical activity. The newly published Finnish diabetes-prevention trial (5) and the American diabetes-prevention programme (6) clearly demonstrate that a low-fat diet, in combination with increased physical activity, is sufficient to induce a sustained weight loss over four years, and to cut the incidence of type 2 diabetes by 58%. Although increased physical activity is clearly partly responsible for the effect, these two studies pose an important challenge to Walter Willett’s suggestion for a public health message that we can easily increase our consumption of unsaturated fat as an alternative to more complex carbohydrates. We now have evidence that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by the use of a low-fat diet, but we have no evidence that Willett’s diet can do the same. So far only a single trial has been published comparing the role in weight loss of a low-fat diet with that of a moderate-fat diet based mainly on unsaturated fat (7). Dr Willett quotes this study as evidence of a better outcome on the moderate-fat diet. However, after 18 months the reduction in body fat was 3.0% in both groups. Furthermore, the study has two major shortcomings. One is that there was no objective assessment of diet compliance throughout the trial and it is probable that the participants were biased towards an expectation of a better outcome on Willett’s diet. The other is that the drop-out rate was so high that only 10 subjects in the lowfat intervention arm could be assessed after 18 months. obesity reviews
An econometric analysis and forecast of the Central London Office Market : single model versus aggregate submarket models

This paper examines and projects fundamental characteristics of the London Office rental market which is facing supply and demand issues in upcoming years despite being considered one of the few safe haven places for real estate investors during the recent worldwide financial uncertainty. The paper divides the Central London market into four submarkets: Docklands, Midtown, City, and West End. The key issue the paper will examine, aside from projecting future market fundamentals for a 10 year period, is whether on an econometric analysis level it is better statistically to analyze the market utilizing one singular model or to model each submarket separately then sum the outputs. First, the paper will discuss the history and development of the economic model, then discuss what papers have analyzed the London office market utilizing econometric models, and finally what previous studies have examined submarkets utilizing econometric models. Next, the paper will analyze what's occurred from 1986-2012 and try to offer some explanation of why the markets have behaved the way they have on a submarket and aggregate level. Next, the paper will present the model utilized to project the conditions for 10 years and examine back tests for the previous five years (2008-2012) to examine how well the model would have predicted the actual events of the time period. This study derives three main econometric equations for each submarket and Central London as a whole. The rental equation is explained by a lag of one year of rent and the current quarter's vacancy. The demand equation is explained by a 1 year lag in occupied stock, the current level of government service employment, the current level of fire, insurance, and real estate employment, and a four year lagged vacancy. The supply equation is explained by a 1 quarter lag in yield, a 1 year lag in yield, the current bond rate, the current real rental rate, a 1 quarter lag in real rental rate, and the spread between 10 year government bonds and corporate bond rates. The model is utilized both on each submarket and on the Central London market as a whole. Finally, the paper examines the differences in aggregating the submarkets versus modeling Central London in one model. This is done by comparing the models outputs for the previous 5 year back test and also for the 10 year projections. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have many people to thank and acknowledge for the completion …
The HIV-1 gp 120 CD 4-Bound Conformation Is Preferentially Targeted by Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity-Mediating Antibodies in Sera from HIV-1-Infected Individuals

Recent studies have linked antibody Fc-mediated effector functions with protection or control of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency (SIV) infections. Interestingly, the presence of antibodies with potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity in the Thai RV144 vaccine trial was suggested to correlate with decreased HIV-1 acquisition risk. These antibodies recently were found to recognize HIV envelope (Env) epitopes exposed upon Env-CD4 interaction. CD4 downregulation by Nef and Vpu, as well as Vpu-mediated BST-2 antagonism, were reported to modulate exposure of those CD4-induced HIV-1 Env epitopes and were proposed to play a role in reducing the susceptibility of infected cells to ADCC mediated by this class of antibodies. Here, we report the high prevalence of antibodies recognizing CD4-induced HIV-1 Env epitopes in sera from HIV-1-infected individuals, which correlated with their ability to mediate ADCC responses against HIV-1-infected cells, exposing these Env epitopes at the cell surface. Furthermore, our results indicate that Env variable regions V1, V2, V3, and V5 do not represent a major determinant for ADCC responses mediated by sera from HIV-1-infected individuals. Altogether, these findings suggest that HIV-1 tightly controls the exposure of certain Env epitopes at the surface of infected cells in order to prevent elimination by Fc-effector functions.
Full-Genome Sequence of a Rare Human G3P[9] Rotavirus Strain

ABSTRACT This is a report of the complete genomic sequence of a rare rotavirus group A G3-P[9]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A3-N2-T1-E2-H3 strain designated RVA/Human-wt/USA/12US1134/2012/G3P[9].
DECADE : A Deep Metric Learning Model for Multivariate Time Series

Determining similarities (or distance) between multivariate time series sequences is a fundamental problem in time series analysis. The complex temporal dependencies and variable lengths of time series make it an extremely challenging task. Most existing work either rely on heuristics which lacks flexibility and theoretical justifications, or build complex algorithms that are not scalable to big data. In this paper, we propose a novel and effective metric learning model for multivariate time series, referred to as Deep ExpeCted Alignment DistancE (DECADE). It yields a valid distance metric for time series with unequal lengths by sampling from an innovative alignment mechanism, namely expected alignment, and captures complex temporal multivariate dependencies in local representation learned by deep networks. On the whole, DECADE can provide valid data-dependent distance metric efficiently via end-toend gradient training. Extensive experiments on both synthetic and application datasets with multivariate time series demonstrate the superior performance of DECADE compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Can scapular and humeral head position predict shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and non-swimmers?

Abstract The aims of this study were to determine whether scapular and humeral head position can predict the development of shoulder pain in swimmers, whether those predictors were applicable to non-swimmers and the annual rate of shoulder pain in adolescent swimmers and non-swimmers. Forty-six adolescent swimmers and 43 adolescent non-swimmers were examined prospectively with a questionnaire and anthropometric measures. The questionnaire examined demographic and training variables. Anthropometric measures examined the distances between the T7 spinous process and the inferior scapula (Inferior Kibler) and T3 spinous process and the medial spine of the scapula (Superior Kibler), humeral head position in relation to the acromion using palpation, BMI and chest width. Shoulder pain was re-assessed 12 months later by questionnaire. Shoulder pain in swimmers was best predicted by a larger BMI (OR = 1.48, P = 0.049), a smaller Inferior Kibler distance in abduction (e.g. OR = 0.90, P = 0.009) and a smaller horizontal distance between the anterior humeral head and the anterior acromion (OR = 0.76, P = 0.035). These variables were not significantly predictive of shoulder pain in non-swimmers. Annual prevalence of shoulder pain was 23.9% in swimmers and 30.8% in non-swimmers (χ 2 = 0.50, P = 0.478).
Cortex Classification of the Infantile Brain in MRI Images Using Fuzzy Logic

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) caused by asphyxia in the womb causes the decrement of the white matter (WM). Therefore, calculating the volume of the cerebral tissues for the infant with such symptom helps us for the purpose of quantifying the acuteness of symptom. Many methods for classifying the adult brain tissues with magnetic resonance (MR) images have been studied. However, these methods cannot be applied to classify the infantile brain tissues because the WM undergoes a myelination process in infantile brain, and the infantile brain image features are very different from adult one. This paper aims to propose a method for classifying the brain tissues in the myelination process. The proposed method addresses the intensity nonuniformity (INU) artifact by locally adapting a fuzzy spatial model of MR signals. The fuzzy model represents transition of MR signals on a line from the cerebral contour to inside the cerebrum. By using the fuzzy spatial model, the proposed method assigns fuzzy degree belonging to the cerebral cortex into voxels dependent of their locations.
Do the Skills of Non-IT Business Graduates Overlap with those of IT Specialists?

Given questions surrounding the skills portfolio for IT professionals, this study investigates the types of IT-related skills that non-IT business graduates use in their early careers. The relative importance of these skills for non-IT specialists can indicate areas in which specialist IT personnel are required and can assist ITeducators of both specialists and non-IT specialists in focussing their curriculum design.
Respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses in children under 2 years old with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Maputo, 2015

Introduction Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus (influenza) infections are one of the leading causes of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) and death in young children worldwide, little is known about the burden of these pathogens in Mozambique. Material and methods From January 2015 to January 2016, nasopharyngeal swabs from 450 children, aged ≤2 years, who had been admitted to the Pediatric Department of the Maputo Central Hospital (HCM) in Mozambique, suffering with SARI were enrolled and tested for influenza and RSV using a real-time PCR assay. Results Influenza and RSV were detected in 2.4% (11/450) and 26.7% (113/424) of the participants. Children with influenza were slightly older than those infected with RSV (10 months in influenza-infected children compared to 3 months in RSV-infected children); male children were predominant in both groups (63.6% versus 54.9% in children with influenza and RSV, respectively). There was a trend towards a higher frequency of influenza (72.7%) and RSV (93.8%) cases in the dry season. Bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and respiratory distress were the most common diagnoses at admission. Antibiotics were administered to 27,3% and 15,9% of the children with influenza and RSV, respectively. Two children, of whom, one was positive for RSV (aged 6 months) and another was positive for Influenza (aged 3 months) died; both were children of HIV seropositive mothers and had bronchopneumonia. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that RSV, and less frequently influenza, occurs in children with SARI in urban/sub-urban settings from southern Mozambique. The occurrence of deaths in small children suspected of being HIV-infected, suggests that particular attention should be given to this vulnerable population. Our data also provide evidence of antibiotics prescription in children with respiratory viral infection, which represents an important public health problem and calls for urgent interventions.
rac-2-tert-Butyl-2,4,5,6,6-pentachlorocyclohex-3-en-1-one

The title compound, C10H11Cl5O, is a chiral molecule with two stereogenic centres. However, it crystallizes as a racemate. One of enantiomers reveals the relative configuration (2S*,5R*). The cyclohexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation.
Model-Independent Online Learning for Influence Maximization

We consider influence maximization (IM) in social networks, which is the problem of maximizing the number of users that become aware of a product by selecting a set of "seed" users to expose the product to. While prior work assumes a known model of information diffusion, we propose a novel parametrization that not only makes our framework agnostic to the underlying diffusion model, but also statistically efficient to learn from data. We give a corresponding monotone, submodular surrogate function, and show that it is a good approximation to the original IM objective. We also consider the case of a new marketer looking to exploit an existing social network, while simultaneously learning the factors governing information propagation. For this, we propose a pairwise-influence semi-bandit feedback model and develop a LinUCB-based bandit algorithm. Our model-independent analysis shows that our regret bound has a better (as compared to previous work) dependence on the size of the network. Experimental evaluation suggests that our framework is robust to the underlying diffusion model and can efficiently learn a near-optimal solution.
Application of Fuzzy Self-tuning PID Controller in Soccer Robot

Moving and turning of robots quickly and accurately should be ensured in games of robot soccer. However conventional PID control usually uses fixed parameters in its control processing, so it is hard to achieve satisfactory control effect. Fuzzy control technique is applied to process of PID parameters self-tuning, and control parameters are self-tuned on-line according to different conditions in this proposed paper. Compared with conventional PID controller, fuzzy self-tuning PID controller can have more advantages, such as higher flexibility, control adaptability, better dynamic and static performance. Its effectiveness and practicability are tested and verified in MiroSot soccer robots design.
How to measure Corporate Bond Liquidity

We consider eight different measures (issued amount, coupon, listed, age, missingprices, price volatility, number of contributors and yield dispersion) to approximate corporatebond liquidity and use a five-variable model to control for maturity, credit and currencydifferences between bonds. The null hypothesis that liquidity risk is not priced in our dataset of euro corporate bonds is rejected for seven out of eight liquidity measures. We findsignificant liquidity premia, ranging from 9 to 24 basis points. A comparison test betweenliquidity measures shows that some ways to measure liquidity are better than others.
Can Dynamic Goods Explain Asset Returns

Recent evidence indicates the new goods bias in the Consumer Price Index is large and cyclical (Broda and Weinstein, 2010). Because standard theory prices assets by the discounted value of real payoffs, these findings have implications for asset pricing. In this paper, I use the growth of dynamic goods—goods subject to more innovation—as a proxy for the growth of new goods, and include this as an additional risk factor in the CCAPM. Because of the greater volatility and procyclical nature of dynamic goods, the empirical performance of the model improves along several dimensions: It can explain most of the cross-sectional variation in returns across the 25 Fama-French portfolios, and predicts a time-varying equity premium of around two percent.
Transient data delivery using fine-grained mobility data in spontaneous smartphone networks

The commercial success of smartphones increases the feasibility of mobile ad hoc networking in daily life; we define such networks as spontaneous smartphone networks SSNs. Efficient data delivery in SSNs is challenging because of the low node density, ambiguous contact opportunities, and short message lifetime. The existing schemes attempt to select optimal relays via various cumulative metrics e.g., encounter history, social centrality, or contact distribution, whose effectiveness is ambiguous and suboptimal. In this paper, we introduce a Markov predictor-based transient delivery scheme that quantifies the regularity of small time scale movement for forwarding decisions. Unlike previous works, we utilized fine-grained mobility data to reduce errors of estimating contact opportunities and contact duration. On the basis of this forwarding strategy, we developed a multi-copy routing scheme. The evaluation using real traces indicates that the proposed approach outperforms compared alternatives in terms of delivery rate and cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intraday volatility modeling: the example of the Warsaw Stock Exchange

: We present an intraday volatility model for equally spaced data and apply it for the WIG Index- a broad market index of the Warsaw Stock Exchange. The current study is an application and extension of the model proposed by Engle and Sokalska [2010]. We decompose the conditional variance of intraday returns into components that have a natural interpretation and can be easily estimated. Abstract: This study extends earlier analysis, in which behavior of daily exchange rates during the global crisis was compared to that before crisis. We repeat similar comparison for data set extended until the end of April 2010, use ARMA/ARMAX and GARCH models with stock indices as additional regressors, for volatility and returns of EURPLN, EURUSD, USDPLN exchange rates. Marked increase in volatility during crisis, negatively affected quality of models. After crisis volatility and returns seem to stabilize, hence exchange rate risk seems to decline gradually. There is a slight improvement in quality of models after the crisis.
A Load Simulation and Metrics Framework for Distributed Virtual Reality

We describe a simple load-measure-model method for analyzing the scalability of distributed virtual environments (DVEs). We use a load simulator and three metrics to measure a DVE's engine with varying numbers of simulated users. Our load simulator logs in as a remote client and plays according to how users played during the conducted user study. Two quality of virtuality metrics, fidelity and consistency, describe the user's experience in the DVE. One engine performance metric provides the cycle time of the engine's primary loop. Simulation results (up to 420 users) are discussed.
Mycoplasma pneumonia: Clinical features and management

Mycoplasma pneumonia is a common respiratory pathogen that produces diseases of varied severity ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe atypical pneumonia. Apart from respiratory tract infections, this organism is also responsible for producing a wide spectrum of non-pulmonary manifestations including neurological, hepatic, cardiac diseases, hemolytic anemia, polyarthritis and erythema multiforme. This review focuses on molecular taxonomy, biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiology and various laboratory tools in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mycoplasma pneumonia.
Differential Contributions of the Outer Membrane Receptors PhuR and HasR to Heme Acquisition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa*

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes extracellular heme as a source of iron on infection of the host. Results: Both PhuR and HasR are required for efficient utilization of heme by P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Non-redundant outer membrane receptors allow for heme acquisition across a range of physiological conditions. Significance: PhuR and HasR have complimentary roles in heme acquisition and utilization. Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 encodes two outer membrane receptors, PhuR (Pseudomonas heme uptake) and HasR (heme assimilation system). The HasR and PhuR receptors have distinct heme coordinating ligands and substrate specificities. HasR is encoded in an operon with a secreted hemophore, HasAp. In contrast the non-hemophore-dependent PhuR is encoded within an operon along with proteins required for heme translocation into the cytoplasm. Herein we report on the contributions of the HasR and PhuR receptors to heme uptake and utilization. Employing bacterial genetics and isotopic [13C]heme labeling studies we have shown both PhuR and HasR are required for optimal heme utilization. However, the unique His-Tyr-ligated PhuR plays a major role in the acquisition of heme. In contrast the HasR receptor plays a primary role in the sensing of extracellular heme and a supplementary role in heme uptake. We propose PhuR and HasR represent non-redundant heme receptors, capable of accessing heme across a wide range of physiological conditions on colonization of the host.
Active impedance calculation in uniform microstrip patch antenna arrays with simulated data

This paper presents a simple active impedance evaluation of the antenna elements in uniform microstrip antenna arrays, which includes additional impedance contributing from mutual coupling effects. The mutual coupling between antenna elements has been investigated in many studies, which utilize from analytical or numerical methods such as method of moments. However, these approaches can lead to significant increase in the mathematical complexity for the desired results when the number of elements in the array increases. For this purpose, a simple technique for the extraction of active impedances of identical antenna elements in arrays is proposed, which uses simulation data of reliable electromagnetic simulation program. In the method, initially, the self-impedance of an isolated element is evaluated; then, this impedance is used initial data in the Newton-iteration approach for the calculation of active impedances of antenna elements in corporate-feed arrays.