Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Optimization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pulse Sequences in Order to Better Detection of Multiple Sclerosis Plaques

Background and objective: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most sensitive technique to detect multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques in central nervous system. In some cases, the patients who were suspected to MS, Whereas MRI images are normal, but whether patients don’t have MS plaques or MRI images are not enough optimized enough in order to show MS plaques? The aim of the current study is evaluating the efficiency of different MRI sequences in order to better detection of MS plaques. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study which was performed at Shohada-E Tajrish in Tehran - Iran hospital between October, 2011 to April, 2012, included 20 patients who suspected to MS disease were selected by the method of random sampling and underwent routine brain Pulse sequences (Axial T2w, Axial T1w, Coronal T2w, Sagittal T1w, Axial FLAIR) by Siemens, Avanto, 1.5 Tesla system. If any lesion which is suspected to the MS disease was observed, additional sequences such as: Sagittal FLAIR Fat Sat, Sagittal PDw-fat Sat, Sagittal PDw-water sat was also performed. Results: This study was performed in about 52 lesions and the results in more than 19 lesions showed that, for the Subcortical and Infratentorial areas, PDWw sequence with fat suppression is the best choice, And in nearly 33 plaques located in Periventricular area, FLAIR Fat Sat was the most effective sequence than both PDw fat and water suppression pulse sequences. Conclusion: Although large plaques may visible in all images, but important problem in patients with suspected MS is screening the tiny MS plaques. This study showed that for revealing the MS plaques located in the Subcortical and Infratentorial areas, PDw-fat sat is the most effective sequence, and for MS plaques in the periventricular area, FLAIR fat Sat is the best choice.
A multi physical model for PEM fuel cells including a two dimensional fluidic finite element analysis in real time

In this paper, a real time fuel cell channel layer fluidic model is developed in two dimensions by a multi-thread real time finite element method. A graphic real time interface is used to show the pressure map of hydrogen, oxygen and water in anode and cathode by considering the fuel cell current and the stack temperature. After that, the real time simulation performance is analyzed. Different parallel calculation methods which are developed with better performance. Finally, the optimization methods are analyzed and discussed.
Poster: Markerless fingertip-based 3D interaction for handheld augmented reality in a small workspace

Compared with traditional screen-touch input, natural gesture-based interaction approaches could offer a more intuitive user experience in handheld Augmented Reality (AR) applications. However, most gesture interaction techniques for handheld AR only use two degrees of freedom without the third depth dimension, while AR virtual objects are overlaid on a view of a three dimensional space. In this paper, we investigate a markerless fingertip-based 3D interaction method within a client-server framework in a small workspace. Our solution includes seven major components: (1) fingertip detection (2) fingertip depth acquisition (3) marker tracking (4) coordinate transformation (5) data communication (6) gesture interaction (7) graphic rendering. We describe the process of each step in details and present performance results of our prototype.
Immune response to the B oligomer of pertussis toxin

Immunization of mice with the B oligomer of pertussis toxin induced antibodies to the native toxin as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These antibodies neutralized the ability of pertussis toxin to alter the morphology of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Furthermore, mice immunized with the B oligomer, when challenged with pertussis toxin, did not exhibit the leukocytosis normally associated with exposure to the toxin. These results demonstrate that the B oligomer, which does not contain the enzymatic activity of the holotoxin, can be used to induce a neutralizing antibody response and suggest that the B oligomer might be considered for use in acellular pertussis vaccines.
Optimization and head-to-head comparison of MISSR-PCR, ERIC-PCR, RAPD and 16S rRNA evolutionary clock for the genotyping of Vibrio cholerae isolated in China

Purpose: To establish a new genotyping method for Vibrio cholerae and compare it with other methods. Materials and Methods: In the current study, a modified inter simple sequence repeat-polymerase chain reaction (MISSR-PCR) system was developed via several rounds of optimisation. Comparison study was then conducted between MISSR-PCR and three other methods, including enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences-based PCR (ERIC-PCR), randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 16S rRNA evolutionary clock, for the detection and genetic tracing of Vibrio cholerae isolated from seafood in China. Result: The results indicated that the MISSR-PCR system could generate the highest polymorphic fingerprinting map in a single round PCR and showed the best discriminatory ability for Vibrio cholerae genotyping by clearly separating toxigenic/nontoxigenic strains, local/foreign strains, and O1/O139/non-O1/non-O139 serogroup strains, comparing to ERIC-PCR, RAPD and 16S rRNA evolutionary clock. Moreover, the MISSR-PCR is superior to previously described traditional simple sequence repeat based PCR method on genotyping by more clearly separating different clusters. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first head-to-head comparison of four detection and genotyping methods for Vibrio cholerae The MISSR-PCR system established here could serve as a simple, quick, reliable and cost-effective tool for the genotyping and epidemiological study.
Contextually guided semantic labeling and search for three-dimensional point clouds

RGB-D cameras, which give an RGB image together with depths, are becoming increasingly popular for robotic perception. In this paper, we address the task of detecting commonly found objects in the three-dimensional (3D) point cloud of indoor scenes obtained from such cameras. Our method uses a graphical model that captures various features and contextual relations, including the local visual appearance and shape cues, object co-occurrence relationships and geometric relationships. With a large number of object classes and relations, the model’s parsimony becomes important and we address that by using multiple types of edge potentials. We train the model using a maximum-margin learning approach. In our experiments concerning a total of 52 3D scenes of homes and offices (composed from about 550 views), we get a performance of 84.06% and 73.38% in labeling office and home scenes respectively for 17 object classes each. We also present a method for a robot to search for an object using the learned model and the contextual information available from the current labelings of the scene. We applied this algorithm successfully on a mobile robot for the task of finding 12 object classes in 10 different offices and achieved a precision of 97.56% with 78.43% recall.1
Genotypic Analysis Methods for Detection of Drug Resistance Mutations in the HIV-1 Proteinase and Reverse Transcriptase Genes

Understanding the basis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance represents a key requirement for individualized HIV patient care. The genotypic data generated to date have already provided significant insight. However, it is clear that the relationship between genotype, phenotype and clinical outcome is complex and still poorly defined. In this review, we describe methods currently available to obtain genotypic data for the HIV-1 proteinase and reverse transcriptase genes. Different sample preparation strategies and DNA sequencing methods are discussed dividing the latter into two categories, those that give sequence information at specific positions and those that provide continuous sequence data for a particular region. In addition, we also address some of the broad biological and technical issues, which must be considered when interpreting the results of these tests and describe the advantages and disadvantages of individual methods.
Consequences of 9/11 and the war on terror on children’s and young adult’s mental health: A systematic review of the past 10 years

This mixed method systematic review appraises the individual, familial and systemic effect of 9/11 and the war on terror for majority and minority children and youth in North America. The results highlight the broad social consequences of the socio-political transformations associated with the terror context, which cannot be understood only through a trauma focus analysis. The social stereotypes transformed youth experiences of belonging and exclusion. The difference between the consequences for majority and minority youth suggests the need for a broader appraisal of this societal context to support the development of prevention and intervention intersectorial programs.
Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Annulus: A Review

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is a rare variant of mitral annular calcification (MAC). Since most cardiologists are unfamiliar with CCMA, it is commonly misdiagnosed as an abscess, tumor or infective vegetation on the mitral valve. In most cases, conservative management for this lesion is sufficient. In this review, we will discuss the various aspects of this condition and illustrate the gross and histologic pathology as well as various imaging modalities (Ultrasound, Computed tomography, Cardiac Magnetic resonance) to assess this unusual cardiac mass.
Toward impact analysis for uncertain software project

This paper proposes an impact metric for assumed software changes described in UML diagrams for embedded systems. The impact metric indicate that degree of ease to change software according to changes of requirements and designs, and based on complexity metric of UML class and state machine diagrams. We also demonstrate the proposed impact measure to conduct some experiment to develop a sample project. The evaluation indicates that the proposed metric have a strong correlation with degree of ease to change target project.
Assignment1 of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene (WAP) to rabbit chromosome 10 by in situ hybridization and description of a large region surrounding this gene

Whey acidic protein (WAP) has been described in the milk of rodents (Hennighausen et al., 1982), rabbits (Thépot et al., 1990), camels (Beg et al., 1986), and pigs (Simpson et al., 1998). No counterpart has yet been described in the milk of other species. WAP belongs to the four-disulfide core family that includes protease inhibitors (Beg et al., 1986), but its physiological role is still unclear. Expression of the WAP gene is specific to the mammary gland and fully observed during lactation. This specific and high level of expression of the gene is such that the upstream regulatory region of the rodent and rabbit WAP genes has been used to produce high levels of foreign proteins in the milk of transgenic animals (Rosen et al., 1996; Devinoy et al., patent reference No. 9107179). It is therefore important to increase our limited knowledge of the rabbit WAP gene (Thépot et al., 1990). The present paper describes the entire region of the rabbit WAP gene used in transgenic experiments, as well as a larger region that has been cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and subsequently used to map the WAP gene to a specific rabbit chromosome region. This report thus contributes to the cytogenetic map of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Materials and methods
Novel Heparan Sulfate Structures Revealed by Monoclonal Antibodies*

The sulfated glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) is found ubiquitously on cell surfaces, in the extracellular matrix, and intracellularly as HS proteoglycans. Because of the structural heterogeneity of HS, tissue-derived HS preparations represent a mixture of HS chains originating from different cell types and tissue loci. Monoclonal anti-HS antibodies have been employed to detect the localization of specific HS epitopes in tissues, but limited information has been available on the saccharide structures recognized by the antibodies. We have studied the saccharide epitope structures of four anti-HS antibodies, HepSS1, JM13, JM403, and 10E4, which all recognize distinct HS species as demonstrated by different patterns of immunoreactivity upon staining of embryonic rat and adult human tissues. The epitopes recognized by JM13 and HepSS1 were found almost exclusively in basement membrane HS, whereas JM403 and 10E4 reacted also with cell-associated HS species. The binding of HepSS1, JM403, and 10E4 to HS was dependent on the GlcN N-substitution of the polysaccharide rather than O-sulfation. HepSS1 thus interacted with N-sulfated HS domains, JM403 binding was critically dependent on N-unsubstituted GlcN residues, and 10E4 bound to “mixed” HS domains containing both N-acetylated and N-sulfated disaccharide units. By contrast, JM13 binding seemed to require the presence of 2-O-sulfated glucuronic acid residues.
The Dating of the lmlk Storage Jars and Its Implications: Rejoinder to Lipschits, Sergi and Koch

Abstract in two recent issues of Tel Aviv, Oded lipschits, Omer Sergi and ido Koch (2010, 2011) suggested a new chronological scheme for the lmlk stamped storage jars in Judah. They divided these, as well as the storage jars with concentric circle incisions and rosette stamp impressions into five stages of manufacture and use, from ca. 730 BCE to 587/6 BCE. Based on this chronological scheme lipschits, Sergi and Koch presented various historical conclusions with regard to Judah. The present paper argues that all the lmlk and 'private' stamps, as well as the concentric circle incisions, were applied concurrently to the storage jars shortly before Sennacherib's campaign in 701 BCE, while the rosette stamped storage jars date to shortly before the Babylonian conquest of Judah in 587/6 BCE. Hence, the chronological scheme of lipschits, Sergi and Koch as well as the various historical conclusions based on it cannot be accepted.
Integrated dynamic and static tactile sensor: focus on static force sensing

Object grasping by robotic hands in unstructured environments demands a sensor that is durable, compliant, and responsive to static and dynamic force conditions. In order for a tactile sensor to be useful for grasp control in these, it should have the following properties: tri-axial force sensing (two shear plus normal component), dynamic event sensing across slip frequencies, compliant surface for grip, wide dynamic range (depending on application), insensitivity to environmental conditions, ability to withstand abuse and good sensing behavior (e.g. low hysteresis, high repeatability). These features can be combined in a novel multimodal tactile sensor. This sensor combines commercial-off-the-shelf MEMS technology with two proprietary force sensors: a high bandwidth device based on PZT technology and low bandwidth device based on elastomers and optics. In this study, we focus on the latter transduction mechanism and the proposed architecture of the completed device. In this study, an embedded LED was utilized to produce a constant light source throughout a layer of silicon rubber which covered a plastic mandrel containing a set of sensitive phototransistors. Features about the contacted object such as center of pressure and force vectors can be extracted from the information in the changing patterns of light. The voltage versus force relationship obtained with this molded humanlike finger had a wide dynamic range that coincided with forces relevant for most human grip tasks.
A Floorprint-Based Defect Tolerance for Nano-Scale Application-Specific IC

A floorprint-based yield modeling, assurance and optimization method for the defect tolerant NASIC system under broken nanowire (NW) defects has been proposed in a short version of this paper, and the proposed models and methods are further validated and demonstrated through extensive parametric simulations in this paper. A yield model for each defect tolerant NASIC technique is developed based on the nature of the defects of concern in a floorprint-based analysis, thereby establishing an adequate foundation to evaluate and optimize the manufacturing process and defect tolerance by providing a capability to take into account the effect of each individual defect tolerance technique or synergetic effect of various combinations of the techniques on the overall expected yield of the product. According to the simulation results given in this paper, the defect tolerant NASIC system with 15 row and column NWs, respectively, each with length = 0.000034 on horizontal and vertical core nanoarray in a nanotile can achieve a yield higher than 99.8%. Ultimately, intelligent exploitation of the proposed yield modeling and simulation methods will make possible to realize a reliable NASIC-based computing system.
A SLIDING MODE CONTROLLER FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES

Induction motors are being applied today to a wider range of applications requiring variable speed. Generally, variable speed drives for Induction Motor require both wide operating range of speed and fast torque response, regardless of any disturbances and uncertainties (like load variation, parameters variation and un-modeled dynamics). This leads to more advanced control methods to meet the real demand. The recent advances in the area of field-oriented control along with the rapid development and cost reduction of power electronics devices and microprocessors have made variable speed induction motor drives an economical alternative for many industrial applications. These AC drives are nowadays replacing their DC counter part and are becoming a major component in today’s sophisticated industrial manufacturing and process automation. Advent of high switching frequency PWM inverters has made it possible to apply sophisticated control strategies to AC motor drives operating from variable voltage, variable frequency source. The complexity in there mathematical model and the consequent need for the sophisticated algorithms are being handled by the computational power of low cost microprocessors to digital signal processors (DSPs).
β‐amyloid decreases detectable endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human erythrocytes: a role for membrane acetylcholinesterase

Until few years ago, many studies of Alzheimer's disease investigated the effects of this syndrome in the central nervous system. Only recently, the detection of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) in the blood has evidenced the necessity to extend studies on extraneuronal cells, particularly on erythrocytes. Aβ is also present in brain capillaries, where it interacts with the erythrocytes, inducing several metabolic and functional alterations. Recently, functionally active endothelial type nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was discovered in human erythrocytes. The goal of the present study was to evidence the effect of Aβ on erythrocyte eNOS. We found that Aβ following to 24‐h exposure causes a decrease in the immune staining of erythrocyte eNOS. Concurrently, Aβ alters erythrocyte cell morphology, decreases nitrites and nitrates levels, and affects membrane acetylcholinesterase activity. Propidium, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, was able to reverse the effects elicited by Aβ. These events could contribute to the vascular alterations associated with Alzheimer's disease disease. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personalized medicine and prediction of outcome in kidney transplant.

In medicine, predicting the duration of survival, otential complications, response to therapy, and ther outcomes may help to modify therapy and ailor it to individual patient characteristics, a treatent strategy known as personalized medicine. his is opposed to the “one size fits all” approach, hich applies decisions from average treatment ffects observed in clinical trials to all patients. In the field of kidney transplantation, predicion modeling of outcomes may be especially elpful for selecting optimal donor-recipient pairs especially when several potential donors are vailable), individualizing immunosuppressive herapy, providing a better understanding of the hysiology, generating hypotheses for further tudies, educating clinicians, and counseling paients. Finally, predicting the probability of more omplex outcomes, such as acute rejection, infecions, and cancers may help to individualize mmunosuppression further. In this issue of the merican Journal of Kidney Diseases, Kasiske nd colleagues develop prediction equations for he probability of graft loss within the 5 years fter transplant in a population of recipients of eceased donor transplants. This editorial will eview challenges in prediction modeling and the ethods used by Kasiske and colleagues to aproach them (Table 1). In general, developing a prediction model inolves selecting the appropriate model, training t by using a large collection of retrospective ata, and validating the model, usually using the ew set of data with a known outcome. The US enal Data System (USRDS) represents an excelent substrate for prediction modeling, as it is one f the largest collections of detailed clinical data eadily available for research. The authors used SRDS information for recipients of kidney rafts transplanted between 2000 and 2006, with ollow-up through the end of 2007. Separate rediction equations were developed based on he information available prior to transplant (n
Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of henna leaves extracts (Lawsonia inermis).

Restrictions on the use of synthetic antioxidants are being imposed because of their toxic properties. The present study is the continuation of a program aimed at investigation on antioxidant activity of extracts from medicinal and aromatic plants and to identify alternative natural and safe sources of food antioxidant especially from plant origin. Henna is worldwide known as cosmetic agent with anticarcinogenic, antiinflammatory, analagesic and antipyretic properties. The aim of present study is an attempt to evaluate the utilization of henna leaves extract as sources of natural antioxidants. Different solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, hexane and water were used to prepare extracts of henna leaves. Attempts were also made to extract phenolic antioxidants of henna leaves using different solvents and by two different solvent extraction methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted methods) with methanol and water. The effect of addition of henna leaves extracts on the stability of soybean oil was studied and the content total phenolic compounds in the extract was determined by spectrophotometric method according to the Folin -Ciocalteu and calculated as tannic acid equivalents. The plant material of the experiment (lawsonia inermis) was grown in Ke rman, Iran and collected in June 2004. Henna leaves extract as a natural antioxidant was evaluated during 16 days storage of refined soybean oil at 63°C. Peroxide Values (PV) and 2-thiobarbituric acid values were used as criteria to assess the antioxidant activity of henna leaves extract and were determined by official AOCS respectively. Two solvent (water and methanol) were used to prepare extract of Henna leaves. Water extract in comparison with the methanolic one had been more efficient. BHA and BHT at 200ppm and methanolic extract at 800ppm and 1400ppm had equal TBA and PV value in soybean oil. Also the antioxidant activity of water and methanolic extracts was determined by using the rancimat method (90,120,150°C) on refined soybean oil and compared with the induction period of synthetic antioxidants (BHA, BHT, TBHQ). The phenolic antioxidants of Henna leaves were extracted by two different solvent extraction methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted method) with water and methanol. Sonication improved the total phenolic compounds of the extracts and shorter the extraction times. It was shown extraction method has significant effect on phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of Henna extract.