Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
S20-5 Evolutionary and conservation genetics of the rock partridge, Alectoris graeca

Rock partridge (Alectoris graeca) populations are declining throughout their range due to habitat changes and overhunting. Massive restocking with captive-reared hybrid birds may lead to risk of genetic pollution. We sequenced 450 nucleotides from the mitochondrial DNA control-region, and genotyped eight microsatellite loci with the aim of investigating phylogeography and population genetic structure in five geographic regions. Both mtDNA and microsatellites indicate that rock partridge populations are significantly differentiated (mtDNA φ ST = 0.86, microsatellite F ST = 0.35, P < 0.001). The mtDNA haplotypes cluster in two phylogroups (bootstrap values ≥ 93%), splitting partridges from Sicily from all the other sampled populations. Divergence times suggest that rock partridges have been isolated in Sicily for more than 200 000 years. This deep genetic subdivision is confirmed by multivariate analyses, Bayesian clustering and population assignment tests of microsatellite genotypes. Genetic data indicate differentiation between partridges in the Alps and populations in the Apennines, Albania and Greece, enabling delimitation of distinct conservation units. Rock partridges in Sicily (Alectoris graeca whitakeri) meet the criteria of an evolutionary significant unit, and should be managed accordingly.
Recent advances in baroreflex control of blood pressure during exercise in humans: an overview.

This article provides an overview of the history behind the physiological concepts defining the role of the arterial baroreflexes and their regulation of arterial blood pressure during dynamic exercise. Initially, the case is made as to "why the arterial baroreflexes must be involved with blood pressure regulation during exercise. " Subsequently, the historical animal and human experiments performed from the late 19th century to the present day describing how the two major neural mechanisms "central command" and "exercise pressor reflex" and their involvement in "resetting" are reviewed. These historical experiments have resulted in the development of a hypothetical model identifying the major factors involved in baroreflex resetting, and these factors are described. The four manuscripts presented in these proceedings address a new set of questions. These new questions address the importance of the baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity and vasomotor tone in the regulation of blood flow, not only in the systemic vasculature but also in the cerebral and cutaneous vasculatures.
Selected methodological issues in evaluating community-based health promotion and disease prevention programs.

An important recent trend in health promotion and disease prevention has been the increasing number and scope of communitybased interventions. These programs are aimed at entire populations, which are usually geographically defined, and they attempt to change health behavior and disease risk through mass media campaigns, activation of existing community organizations, or changes in the physical or sociocultural environment. Several large programs of this kind have been
Facile Regioselective Synthesis of Novel bis‐Thiazole Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Activity

The design and synthesis of several new bis‐thiazoles 4a–h serving as bis‐drugs in comparison with mono‐heterocyclic analogs are described. These bis‐drugs present superior medicinal and pharmacological activities against both gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) and gram‐positive (Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria, which are in general more sensitive to compounds with higher hydrophobicity. Compounds with higher hydrophobicity (4d and 4h) exhibited some activity against the gram‐negative bacteria.
No . 1203 The Stochastic Generalized Assignment Problem with Coordination Constraints

This work introduces the stochastic generalized assignment problem with coordination (SGAPC). The SGAP-C is a novel and challenging variant of stochastic generalized assignment problems that models many-to-many assignments with varying levels of complexity, and studies the benefits of collaboration and coordination. The work is motivated by a disaster relief setting where relief organizations can coordinate with each other to increase the quantity and speed of relief goods delivered to points of distribution. To solve the stochastic programming model, we use the L-shaped decomposition method and study the computational performance of several enhancements to the L-shaped method. We find that using trust regions to regularize the Lshaped method and initializing the L-shaped method with solutions from small-sample instances of the problem reduces mean optimality gaps by approximately 8% over the standard L-shaped method, and reduces the maximum of optimality gaps on instance solved from 65% to 25%. We also find that the multicut L-shaped method performs similarly well on average, but has poorer performance on a few of the most difficult instances solved. We use the L-shaped method with trust regions and warm starts to solve a set of instances of the SGAP-C with varying levels of complexity of coordination to study how increased coordination increases performance of the SGAP-C. We find that compared to independent agents with no coordination, a minimal level of coordination improves the objective function by an average of 55%. On average, this minimal level of coordination captures more than half of the increase in the objective function possible with the maximum level of performance, while incurring only a fraction of the maximum complexity of coordination.
Visual Importance and Distortion Guided Deep Image Quality Assessment Framework

In this paper, we tackle the problem of no-reference image quality assessment (IQA). A learning-based IQA framework “VIDGIQA” is proposed, which extracts quality features from the input image and regresses the visual quality on these features. Since different distortions lead to different visual perceptions in the human visual system, distortion information is adopted to guide the feature learning process together with the human quality scores. Besides, a regression method is proposed to model and estimate the visual importance weights of all local regions, which can effectively improve the performance. More importantly, all these operations are integrated into one deep neural network, so that they can be jointly optimized and well cooperate with each other. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate the power of the proposed method on several datasets, including the LIVE dataset <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref>, the TID 2013 dataset <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">[2]</xref>, the LIVE multiply distorted IQA dataset <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">[3]</xref>, CSIQ <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">[4] </xref>, and the LIVE in the wild image quality database <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">[5]</xref>. The proposed method achieves 0.969 and 0.973 on the LIVE dataset <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">[1]</xref> in terms of the spearman rank-order correlation coefficient and the Pearson linear correlation coefficient, respectively, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
Foncteurs impératifs et composés: la notion de projets dans Frama-C

This article describes the library of projects embedded in Frama-C, which is an extensible platform dedicated to development of source-code analysis of C software. Through this presentation, we detail an original aspect of ML functors which uses their imperative and compositional parts. That is the only well-typed way to implement the required functionality. Furthermore we show a singular example of a hugely-applied functor. This article also introduces the Frama-C platform through one of its main features, the notion of project. MOTS-CLES : systeme de modules, foncteur, programmation imperative et fonctionnelle, genie logiciel, analyse statique.
Coronary response to diadenosine pentaphosphate after ischaemia-reperfusion in the isolated rat heart.

AIMS Diadenosine polyphosphates are vasoactive mediators that may be released from platelet granules and which may be present at higher concentrations during coronary ischaemia-reperfusion. The objective of this study was to analyse their effects in such conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat hearts were perfused in a Langendorff preparation and the response to diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A, 10(-7)-10(-5) M) was recorded. In control hearts, Ap5A produced a small, transient coronary vasoconstriction followed by marked vasodilatation, as well as a reduction in the left ventricular developed pressure dP/dt and heart rate, both at the basal coronary resting tone or after pre-contracting coronary arteries with 9,11-dideoxy-11alpha, 9alpha-epoxymethanoprostaglandin F2alpha (U46619). After ischaemia-reperfusion, the vasoconstriction in response to Ap5A was augmented and vasodilatation diminished, both in hearts with basal or increased vascular tone. The pyridoxal derivative P(2) purinoceptor antagonist, pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS, 3 x 10(-6) M), inhibited this vasoconstriction, while the antagonist of purinergic P(2Y) receptors, Reactive Blue 2 (2 x 10(-6) M), inhibited the vasodilatation, both before and after ischaemia-reperfusion. The antagonist of nitric oxide synthesis N-omega-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10(-4) M) did not modify the response to Ap5A, whereas the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, meclofenamate (2 x 10(-6) M), reduced contraction and increased the relaxation in response to Ap5A after ischaemia-reperfusion but not under control conditions. CONCLUSION Ischaemia-reperfusion reduces the vasodilatory response to Ap5A and increases the vasoconstriction provoked due to a reduced influence of purinergic P(2Y) receptors and/or to the production of vasoconstrictor prostanoids.
The Pattern of Systemic Acquired Resistance Induction within the Arabidopsis Rosette in Relation to the Pattern of Translocation1

Local leaf infections by a necrogenic pathogen can lead to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in untreated leaves. We reasoned that, whatever the nature of the long-distance signal, if it is transported in the phloem, the pattern of SAR induced within the plant by treatment of a single leaf should match the pattern of translocation out of that leaf. The source-sink relationships (orthostichies) in the Arabidopsis rosette were established with [14C]Suc or phloem-mobile 3-aminotriazole at herbicidal concentrations. SAR was activated by infiltrating a single Columbia leaf with Pseudomonas syringae pv maculicola DC3000/avrRPM1, which causes a hypersensitive response. The pattern of SAR in the rosette was monitored by assessing the growth of wild-type DC3000 and by measuring the SAR markers salicylic acid and PR1 transcripts. Although the orthostichy of a single leaf was clearly limited to a row of vertically aligned leaves, SAR and SAR markers were also found outside the orthostichy. This indicates that, whatever the nature of the long-distance signal from the treated leaf to the upper responding leaves, its transport is either not limited exclusively to the phloem or the minor proportion of translocate that is not confined to the orthostichy contains enough of the SAR systemic signal to set in motion events leading to the establishment of the SAR state in the upper leaves.
Risk factors for caries-control and prevention

ABSTRACT Objectives. To investigate a prevalence of caries, filled permanent and extracted permanent teeth, as well as caries risk factors in school children aged 7, 9 and 11. Methods. The survey included 800 children (296 children aged 7; 254 children aged 9 and 250 children aged 11) from the Mostar Municipality, 400 of them living in both rural and urban areas. A dental mirror and standard light of dental chair were used for examination. The DMF index (Dental Caries, Missing Teeth and Filled Teeth) was determined, as well as failure in keeping teeth hygiene, sugar intake with food, and incidence of oral cavity infection. Results. The dental state of permanent teeth in children aged 7 and 9 has shown significant difference between the children from rural and urban areas (p < 0,001). Out of 2,698 and 2,790 permanent teeth in children aged 11 from rural and urban areas, 1,086 (40,25 %) and 884 (31.68 %) had caries, respectively (p < 0.01). The difference between these groups of children has been found in relation to the index of oral hygiene too (p < 0.05). Conclusion. An identification of risk groups for getting caries was very important and could help health and social structures to maintain their programs in order to improve oral health.
Airspace Phase Transitions and the Traffic Physics of Interacting 4D Trajectories

This paper presents early progress in the development of a modeling and simulation capability derived from advancements in complexity science coupled with advancements in computational platforms for the simulation and analysis of emergent phenomena in the airspace. We present a research effort to test concepts of collective dynamics of large numbers of heterogeneous aircraft (thousands to tens of thousands) in the NAS undergoing continuous 4D trajectory replanning in the presence of noise and uncertainty while optimizing performance measures and deconflicting trajectories. We use a combination of modified genetic algorithms and pseudopotential methods acting on extended objects (trajectories) rather than on aircraft themselves to implement this capability. This is a natural way to preserve intent while deconflicting aircraft. Subjects under investigation include measures of fullness of the airspace, emergent structures arising from interacting trajectory optimization, tradeoffs between centralized and distributed optimization, and phase transitions in collective behavior ("traffic physics"). Our work is concentrated in the enroute airspace, but can in principle be extended to the terminal airspace. We describe the combined software and hardware platform we have built to realize a rapid-prototyping environment capable of investigating these questions at a realistic level of fidelity and in much greater than real time speed. Our simulation platform is built on the principle of minimum assumption and maximum emergence. There are no sectors, no flight level constraints, and control actions can be arbitrarily subtle and continuous in all four dimensions. Constraints up to and including the current NAS configuration can be "switched on" for comparison purposes. With this software simulation system, we can address implications for centralized versus decentralized control in a real-world system and explore alternative TBO concepts of operation, including applications such as game theory for economic considerations, bulk management of airspace phase state for capacity considerations, and well as policy and technology strategy evaluations.
Robot-Enhanced Mobility Training of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Short-Term and Long-Term Pilot Studies

Mobility is a causal factor in infant development. Neural impaired infants, e.g., with cerebral palsy (CP), are at risk for further developmental delays due to lack of self-generated mobility. It is possible that these infants may benefit from robot-enhanced mobility, where the mobility comes from a robot that the child drives via a joystick. We believe that such a mobility experience will enrich the child and minimize further delays in attaining some of the childhood developmental and social milestones. In order to address the broad goal posed earlier, one can ask the following simpler questions: 1) Will children with CP learn to drive a robot using a joystick? 2) Will these children with CP sustain interest in doing so over multiple training sessions? 3) Will such a robot-enhanced mobility impact development scores in this group of children? 4) Will a larger number of robotic training sessions be more effective to enhance these developmental scores? This paper reports the first results from two pilot studies conducted by our research group on robot-assisted mobility training, where children with CP performed two tasks across multiple training sessions. We found that, after training with the robot, children who performed 30 training sessions, labeled as “long-term study,” advanced in their driving skills and showed significant improvements in clinical scores such as Gross Motor Function Measure, Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test, and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (mobility with/without caregiver and social function with/without caregiver).
Learning and robotic imitation of therapist's motion and force for post-disability rehabilitation

The inclusion of robots in therapy is becoming common due to robots' power, repetitive motion ability, reprogramming capacity and adaptability to new tasks. In recent years, the demand for rehabilitation services has increased due to the rising number of patients with disability. In this paper, we propose a solution to the rising demand for therapists' services by combining Learning from Demonstration (LfD) and robotic rehabilitation. The goal of the paper is to implement LfD to model and learn the therapist's behavior (be it a trajectory or force) as a nonlinear dynamic system using a method called Stable Estimator of Dynamical Systems (SEDS) to later reproduce the learned behavior in the absence of the therapist using a robot. This method allows the therapists to first train a robot to learn his/her behavior such that, later when the therapist is no longer involved and the patient works alone with the robot, the robotic system determines whether and how to interact with the patient the same way the therapist would have interacted.
Enabling Workspace Awareness for Collaborative Software Modeling

Distributed software modeling is common today, although geographically separated designers need to overcome several communication challenges. Software designers typically use version control systems (VCSs) to integrate their work. However, existing VCSs do not continuously inform all designers of new design decisions and conflicts. Designers often introduce conflicts precisely because they are unaware of such design decisions. Research on collaborative implementation has explored workspace awareness to deal with this challenge, and observed that providing workspace awareness facilitates conflict detection and resolution. However, existing workspace awareness tools typically do not work well as-is for collaborative modeling. We envision the emergence of new types of collaborative modeling tools that provide various forms of workspace awareness.
An Improved Empirical Potential Energy Function for Molecular Simulations of Phospholipids

Improvements in the CHARMM all-atom force field for atomic-level molecular simulations of lipids are reported. Substantial adjustments have been made to the Lennard-Jones (LJ) hydrocarbon and torsional parameters and to the partial atomic charges and torsional parameters of the phosphate moiety. These changes were motivated by a combination of unexpected simulation results and recent high-level ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The parameter optimization procedure is described, and the resulting energy function validated by an 11 ns molecular dynamics simulation of a hydrated phospholipid bilayer. Of note is the influence of the hydrocarbon LJ parameters on the conformational properties of the aliphatic tails, emphasizing the importance of obtaining the proper balance between the bonded and nonbonded portions of the force field. Compatibility with the CHARMM all-atom parameter sets for proteins and nucleic acids has been maintained such that high quality simulations of biologically interesting me.
Labor Nurses' Views of Their Influence on Cesarean Birth

Background: As part of an ongoing study about nurse staffing during labor and birth sponsored by the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN), outcomes that may be linked to aspects of labor nursing were considered. The purpose of this study was to see if labor nurses felt they influenced whether a woman has a cesarean birth. These data were used to determine if cesarean birth should be included as an outcome measure in the multistate labor nurse staffing study. Methods: Focus groups were used to explore the role of labor nurses and cesarean birth. Participants were attending the AWHONN national convention in 2015. Two open-ended questions were asked: 1) Do labor nurses influence whether a woman has a cesarean? 2) What specific things do you do as a labor nurse to help a woman avoid a cesarean? Results: Two focus groups were held (n = 15 and n = 9). Nurses overwhelmingly agreed nursing care can influence mode of birth. They described multiple strategies routinely used to help a woman avoid a cesarean, which were categorized into three main themes: support, advocacy, and interactions with physicians. Support was emotional, informational, and physical. Advocacy involved advocating for women and helping women advocate for themselves. Nurses tried to focus on positive aspects of labor progress when communicating with physicians. Descriptions of interactions with some physicians implied less than optimal teamwork and lack of collaboration. Conclusion: Labor nurses are likely influential in whether some women have a cesarean. They reported consistently taking an active role to help women avoid a cesarean. Promoting vaginal birth as appropriate to the clinical situation was a high priority. Trust, partnership, and respect for roles and responsibilities of each discipline were not evident in some of the clinical situations nurses described.
Functional interactions of APP with the apoE receptor family

The β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) is central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, but its normal functions in the brain are poorly understood. A number of APP‐interacting proteins have been identified: intracellularly, APP interacts with adaptor proteins through its conserved NPXY domain; extracellularly, APP interacts with a component of the extracellular matrix, F‐spondin. Interestingly, many of these APP‐interacting proteins also interact with the family of receptors for apolipoprotein E (apoE), the Alzheimer’s disease risk factor. apoE receptors also share with APP the fact that they are cleaved by the same secretase activities. apoE receptors are shed from the cell surface, a cleavage that is regulated by receptor‐ligand interactions, and C‐terminal fragments of apoE receptors are cleaved by γ‐secretase. Functionally, both APP and apoE receptors affect neuronal migration and synapse formation in the brain. This review summarizes these numerous interactions between APP and apoE receptors, which provide clues about the normal functions of APP.