Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coxeter group structure of cosmological billiards on compact spatial manifolds

We present a systematic study of the cosmological billiard structures of Einstein-p-form systems in which all spatial directions are compactified on a manifold of nontrivial topology. This is achieved for all maximally oxidised theories associated with split real forms, for all possible compactifications as defined by the de Rham cohomology of the internal manifold. In each case, we study the Coxeter group that controls the dynamics for energy scales below the Planck scale as well as the relevant billiard region. We compare and contrast them with the Weyl group and fundamental domain that emerge from the general BKL analysis. For generic topologies we find a variety of possibilities: ( i) The group may or may not be a simplex Coxeter group; ( ii) The billiard region may or may not be a fundamental domain. When it is not a fundamental domain, it can be described as a sequence of pairwise adjacent chambers, known as a gallery, and the reflections in the billiard walls provide a non-standard presentation of the Coxeter group. We find that it is only when the Coxeter group is a simplex Coxeter group, and the billiard region is a fundamental domain, that there is a correspondence between billiard walls and simple roots of a Kac-Moody algebra, as in the general BKL analysis. For each compactification we also determine whether or not the resulting theory exhibits chaotic dynamics.
A comprehensive study of inversion current in MOS tunneling diodes

The gate current of MOS tunneling diodes biased at inversion region with different substrate doping is investigated. For p-type substrate (1-5 /spl Omega/-cm) devices, the tunneling diode works in the deep depletion region and the inversion current is dominated by the thermal generation rate of minority electrons via traps at Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface and in the deep depletion region. The activation energy is approximately equal to half of the silicon bandgap independent of gate voltage. For devices on p/sup +/ substrate (0.01-0.05 /spl Omega/-cm), the band-to-traps tunneling and band-to-band tunneling are the dominating current components at inversion bias, and reveal a strong field dependence and a weak temperature dependence. The band-to-traps and band-to-band current components are even more significant in the devices on the p/sup ++/ substrate (0.001-0.0025 /spl Omega/-cm). Finally, the effects of temperature and light illumination on inversion current of MOS tunneling diodes will be also discussed.
Feature Extraction Technique based on Structure of Finger vein: Review

Biometric is used in computer science as a form of identification and access control. Out of all techniques of biometric finger vein extraction is most effective method. The paper describes the various research done on finger vein till date. We are using a unique combination of the curvature points and mathematical curve analysis along with the minutiae point extraction methods for veins biometric. The minutiae point extraction method is used to extract the finger vein skeleton, which is followed by the joining points of the skeleton lines. The deep curve analysis will give the curvature intersections, curvature points and the information about the angles, curve length and other curve properties in order to extract the perfect features from the finger vein image. A key advantage of biometric authentication is that biometric data is based on physical characteristics that stay constant throughout one's lifetime and are difficult (some more than others) to fake or change. (2) Biometric identification can provide extremely accurate, secured access to information; fingerprints, finger vein and iris scans produce absolutely unique data sets (when done properly). Automated biometric identification can be done rapidly and uniformly, without resorting to documents that may be stolen, lost or altered. It is not easy to determine which method of biometric data gathering and reading does the "best" job of ensuring secure authentication. Each of the different methods has inherent advantages and disadvantages. Some are less invasive than others; some can be done without the knowledge of the subject; others are very difficult to fake.
Rough approximations based on random intuitionistic fuzzy sets

In this paper, the concept of random intuitionistic fuzzy sets is first introduced. Rough approximations of intuitionistic fuzzy sets in a random intuitionistic fuzzy approximation space is then defined and their properties are examined. Meanwhile, the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy probability measures is proposed. Several kinds of intuitionistic fuzzy probability measures induced by random intuitionistic fuzzy upper and lower approximation operators are also presented.
Time-Mode Analog-to-Digital Conversion Using Standard Cells

Synthesizable all-digital ADCs that can be designed, verified and taped out using a digital design flow are of interest due to a consequent reduction in design cost and an improved technology portability. As a step towards high performance synthesizable ADCs built using generic and low accuracy components, an ADC designed exclusively with standard digital cell library components is presented. The proposed design is a time-mode circuit employing a VCO based multi-bit quantizer. The ADC has first order noise-shaping due to inherent error feedback of the oscillator and sinc anti-aliasing filtering due to continuous-time sampling. The proposed architecture employs a Gray-counter based quantizer design, which mitigates the problem of partial sampling of digital data in multi-bit VCO-based quantizers. Furthermore, digital correction employing polynomial-fit estimation is proposed to correct for VCO non-linearity. The design occupies 0.026 mm 2 when fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process and delivers an ENOB of 8.1 bits over a signal bandwidth of 25.6 MHz, while sampling at 205 MHz. The performance is comparable to that of recently reported custom designed single-ended open-loop VCO-based ADCs, while being designed exclusively with standard cells, and consuming relatively low average power of 3.3 mW achieving an FoM of 235 fJ/step.
Binge drinking and declarative memory in university students.

BACKGROUND Binge drinking (BD), which is characterized by sporadic consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short periods, is prevalent among university students. Animal studies have shown that BD is associated with damage to the hippocampus, a region of the brain that plays a key role in learning and memory. The temporal cortex undergoes structural and functional changes during adolescence. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between BD and declarative memory in male and female university students. METHODS The participants were 122 students (between 18 and 20 years of age): 62 BD (30 women) and 60 non-BD (29 women). The neuropsychological assessment included the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Weschler Memory Scale-3rd ed. (WMS-III) Logical Memory subtest, to evaluate verbal declarative memory, and the WMS-III Family Pictures subtest, to measure visual declarative memory. RESULTS The BD students remembered fewer words in the interference list and displayed greater proactive interference in the RAVLT; they performed worse in the Logical Memory subtest, both on immediate and delayed recall. There were no differences between the groups in performance of the Family Pictures subtest. No significant interactions were observed between BD and sex. CONCLUSIONS Binge drinking is associated with poorer verbal declarative memory, regardless of sex. The findings are consistent with the vulnerability of the adolescent hippocampus to the neurotoxic effects of alcohol. Longitudinal studies will help determine the nature of this relationship, the neurodevelopmental trajectories for each sex, and the repercussions on academic performance.
Anticipatory Processes in Sentence Processing

Anticipation is an essential ability for the human cognitive system to survive in its surrounding environment. The present article will review previous research on anticipatory processes in sentence processing (comprehension). I start by pointing out past research carried out with inadequate methods, then move on to reviewing recent research with relatively new, more appropriate methods, specifically, the so-called ‘visual-world’ eye-tracking paradigm, and neuropsychological techniques. I then discuss remaining unresolved issues, both methodological and theoretical.
Novel three-dimensional position analysis of the mandibular foramen in patients with skeletal class III mandibular prognathism

Purpose To analyze the relative position of the mandibular foramina (MnFs) in patients diagnosed with skeletal class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods Computed tomography (CT) images were collected from 85 patients. The vertical lengths of each anatomic point from the five horizontal planes passing through the MnF were measured at the coronoid process, sigmoid notch, condyle, and the gonion. The distance from the anterior ramus point to the posterior ramus point on the five horizontal planes was designated the anteroposterior horizontal distance of the ramus for each plane. The perpendicular distance from each anterior ramus point to each vertical plane through the MnF was designated the horizontal distance from the anterior ramus to the MnF. The horizontal and vertical positions were examined by regression analysis. Results Regression analysis showed the heights of the coronoid process, sigmoid notch, and condyle for the five horizontal planes were significantly related to the height of the MnF, with the highest significance associated with the MnF-mandibular plane (coefficients of determination (R2): 0.424, 0.597, and 0.604, respectively). The horizontal anteroposterior length of the ramus and the distance from the anterior ramus point to the MnF were significant by regression analysis. Conclusion The relative position of the MnF was significantly related to the vertical heights of the sigmoid notch, coronoid process, and condyle as well as to the horizontal anteroposterior length of the ascending ramus. These findings should be clinically useful for patients with skeletal class III mandibular prognathism.
Beryllium in the Ultra-Lithium-deficient, Metal-Poor Halo Dwarf G186-26

The vast majority of low-metal halo dwarfs show a similar amount of Li; this has been attributed to the Li that was produced in the big bang. However, there are nine known halo stars with T > 5900 K and [Fe/H] < -1.0 that are ultra-Li-deficient. We have looked for Be in the very low metallicity star G186-26, at [Fe/H] = -2.71, which is one of the ultra-Li-deficient stars. This star is also ultra-Be-deficient. Relative to Be in the Li-normal stars at [Fe/H] = -2.7, G186-26 is down in Be by more than 0.8 dex. Of two potential causes for the Li deficiency—mass transfer in a pre-blue straggler or extra rotationally induced mixing in a star that was initially a very rapid rotator—the absence of Be favors the blue straggler hypothesis, but the rotation model cannot be ruled out completely.
Saccade execution suppresses discrimination at distractor locations rather than enhancing the saccade goal location

As we have limited processing abilities with respect to the plethora of visual information entering our brain, spatial selection mechanisms are crucial. These mechanisms result in both enhancing processing at a location of interest and in suppressing processing at other locations; together, they enable successful further processing of locations of interest. It has been suggested that saccade planning modulates these spatial selection mechanisms; however, the precise influence of saccades on the distribution of spatial resources underlying selection remains unclear. To this end, we compared discrimination performance at different locations (six) within a work space during different saccade tasks. We used visual discrimination performance as a behavioral measure of enhancement and suppression at the different locations. A total of 14 participants performed a dual discrimination/saccade countermanding task, which allowed us to specifically isolate the consequences of saccade execution. When a saccade was executed, discrimination performance at the cued location was never better than when fixation was maintained, suggesting that saccade execution did not enhance processing at a location more than knowing the likelihood of its appearance. However, discrimination was consistently lower at distractor (uncued) locations in all cases where a saccade was executed compared with when fixation was maintained. Based on these results, we suggest that saccade execution specifically suppresses distractor locations, whereas attention shifts (with or without an accompanying saccade) are involved in enhancing perceptual processing at the goal location.
Bouillante geothermal fluid : mixing and water / rock interaction processes at 250 °

In the geot hermal Bouillante area, electricity is presently pr oduced from well BO-2 only. Following a successful stimulation operation in 1998, a second well BO-4 will be soon connected to the po wer plant. This paper presents relevant geochemical dat obtained for both wells during 1998 and 2000. For some dissolved species, results show discrepancies betwe en surface and down hole samples. In this case, addi tional information from thermal springs can be very useful to reconstruct the chemical composition of the dee p fluid. Despite an high water-rock ratio, the deep NaCl bri ne (20 g/l) composed of about 58 % seawater and 42 % freshwater reacts with volcanic rocks at about 250°C reaching chemical equilibrium with a mineralogical assemblage as shown by its composition and by saturat ion calculations. data on separated brine, steam and non condensable gas were collected from BO-4. The main aim of the 3 subsequent tests (from October 3 to 10, 1998; fro m July 1 to 14, 1999; from February to May 2000) was to monitor any potential change in the fluid charac teristics due to the stimulation and production. At the end of the tests, more than 65,000 m 3 of total fluid were discharged from BO-4. Sampling of separated fluids at separator and weir-box, on site and Gas/Steam Ratios (GSR) measurements carried out for the geochemical monitoring are described in Sanjuan et al. (1999; 2000). During the 1 and 3 test (short term tests), only 1 sampling of fluids from weir-box and separator was performed for complete chemical and isotopic analyses. During the 2 other tests, 5 fluid samples were collected at separator and 12 brine samples at weir box for detailed analyses. 9 GSR measurements and 7 chemical gas analyses were performed for BO4 against 2 measurements and 1 analysis for BO-2. Three down hole fluid samples were collected from BO-4 between 330 and 640 m (August 1, 1998; July 1 and 2, 1999) and one from BO2, at 320 m (July 7, 1999), using a KUSTER sampler. Most of on site measurements and sample preparations were performed immediately after sampling. Several submarine thermal springs (outflow temperatures up to 95°C) were sampled in October 1998 from the Bouillante Bay. Chemical and isotopic analyses similar to those performed for BO-2 and BO-4 fluid samples were carried out. All the analyses were performed using standard water analytical techniques such as titration, ion electrode, potentiometry, colorimetry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, ion and HPLC chromatography, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), mass spectrometry. The precision of major and trace species is better than ± 5 % and 15 % respectively. The precision of δD and δO determination is ± 0.8 ‰ and ± 0.1 ‰. Ion balance values lower than 5 % suggest a good quality and coherence of the major species analyses.
Robust Tracking Control For A Wheeled Mobile Manipulator With Dual Arms Using Hybrid Sliding‐Mode Neural Network

In this paper, a robust tracking controller is proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of a dual‐arm wheeled mobile manipulator subject to some modeling uncertainties and external disturbances. Based on backstepping techniques, the design procedure is divided into two levels. In the kinematic level, the auxiliary velocity commands for each subsystem are first presented. A sliding‐mode equivalent controller, composed of neural network control, robust scheme and proportional control, is constructed in the dynamic level to deal with the dynamic effect. To deal with inadequate modeling and parameter uncertainties, the neural network controller is used to mimic the sliding‐mode equivalent control law; the robust controller is designed to compensate for the approximation error and to incorporate the system dynamics into the sliding manifold. The proportional controller is added to improve the system's transient performance, which may be degraded by the neural network's random initialization. All the parameter adjustment rules for the proposed controller are derived from the Lyapunov stability theory and e‐modification such that uniform ultimate boundedness (UUB) can be assured. A comparative simulation study with different controllers is included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Selecting the Best Traffic Scheme for the Bicutan Roundabout: A Microsimulation Approach with Multiple Driver-Agents

Understanding the dynamics of vehicular traffic is important to planning and improving shared public roadways, not only to effectively and efficiently facilitate the controlled movement of vehicles, but also to guarantee the safety of individuals in the vehicles. Because data from real-world traffic is difficult to measure, and conducting replicated experiments on humans has ethical and economical questions, selecting the best scheme out of the proposed vehicular traffic controls has been confined only through simulation. We present the result of our microsimulation study on the effects of six traffic schemes T={t0, t1, . , t5} on the mean total delay time (Δ) and mean speed (Σ) of vehicles at the non-signalized Bicutan Roundabout (BR) in Upper Bicutan, Taguig City, Metro Manila, with t0 as the current traffic scheme being enforced and ti>0 as the proposed ones. We present first that our simulation approach, a hybridized multi-agent system (MAS) with the car-following and lane-changing models (CLM), can mimic the current observed traffic scenario C at a statistical significance of α=0.05. That is, the respective absolute differences of the Δ and Σ between C and t0 are not statistically different from zero. Next, using our MAS-CLM, we simulated all proposed ti>0 and compared their respective Δ and Σ. We found out using DMRT that the best traffic scheme is t3 (i.e., when we converted the bi-directional 4-lane PNR-PNCC road into a bi-directional 1-lane PNR-to-PNCC and 3-lane PNCC-to-PNR routes during rush hours). Then, we experimented on converting BR into a signalized junction and re-implemented all t3 with controlled stops of S={15s, 45s}. We found out that t3 with a 15-s stop has the best performance. Finally, we simulated the effect of increased in vehicular volume V due to traffic improvement and we found out that t3 with 15-s stop still outperforms the others for all increased in V={10%, 50%, 100%}. Keywords - microsimulation, MAS, CLM, vehicular traffic, Bicutan Roundabout
Semantic Segmentation of Street-Side Images

In this paper we propose a method for semantic segmentation of street-side images. Segmentation and classification is pixel based and results in classes of building facades, sections of sky, road and other areas present in general images taken in the urban environment. A segmentation method is suggested and detected segments are classified. Final classification is reinforced using context information implemented in a form of the discriminative random fields (DRF). Results show that this approach can overcome problems with the lack of features, as additional constraints are used in the classification.
Impairment of liver regeneration by the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid in mice

Background and objective: Liver regeneration is a complex process regulated by a group of genetic and epigenetic factors. A variety of genetic factors have been reported, whereas few investigations have focused on epigenetic regulation during liver regeneration. In the present study, valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was used to investigate the effect of HDAC on liver regeneration. Methods: VPA was administered via intraperitoneal injection to 2/3 partially hepatectomized mice to detect hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration. The mice were sacrificed, and their liver tissues were harvested at sequential time points from 0 to 168 h after treatment. DNA synthesis was detected via a BrdU assay, and cell proliferation was tested using Ki-67. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), and CDK4 were detected by Western blot analysis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to examine the recruitment of HDACs to the target promoter regions and the expression of the target gene was detected by Western blot. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis showed that cells positive for BrdU and Ki-67 decreased, and the peak of BrdU was delayed in the VPA-administered mice. Consistently, cyclin D1 expression was also delayed. We identified B-myc as a target gene of HDACs by complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray. The expression of B-myc increased in the VPA-administered mice after hepatectomy (PH). The ChIP assay confirmed the presence of HDACs at the B-myc promoter. Conclusions: HDAC activities are essential for liver regeneration. Inhibiting HDAC activities delays liver regeneration and induces liver cell cycle arrest, thereby causing an anti-proliferative effect on liver regeneration.
A Benchmarking Tool for Wireless Sensor Network Embedded Operating Systems

The emergence of the technology of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has lead to many changes in current and traditional computational techniques in order to adapt to their harsh and scarce requirements. A WSN consists of sensor nodes with wireless communication abilities that allow them to form a network. New system architectures have emerged to overcome sensor network limitations. Each architecture follows one of the two traditional design concepts, event-driven or thread-driven design. Although event-driven systems were assumed to generally perform better for embedded systems, tests have shown that event-driven systems tend to save more energy and space, while the thread-driven systems provide more concurrency and predictability, hence creating a tradeoff depending on the requirements of the application at hand. Performance analyzers are often used to accurately measure the performance of a certain system when such a tradeoff is evident. Performance analyzers can also locate deficiencies in a certain system for future improvements. The ever increasing complexity of applications executed by WSNs and the evolving nature of the underlying Embedded Operating Systems (EOSs) has led to the need for an accurate evaluation technique to guide practitioners in the field. This paper presents a novel approach towards providing a benchmarking and performance evaluation tool for comparing and analyzing the performance of WSN EOSs.
Parallel hyperheuristic: a self-adaptive island-based model for multi-objective optimization

This work presents a new parallel model for the solution of multi-objective optimization problems. The model combines a parallel island-based scheme with a hyperheuristic approach in order to raise the level of generality at which most current evolutionary algorithms operate. This way, a wider range of problems can be tackled since the strengths of one algorithm can compensate for the weaknesses of another. Computational results demonstrate that the model grants more computational resources to those algorithms that show a more promising behaviour.