Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Punjabi Text Extractive Summarization System

Text Summarization is condensing the source text into shorter form and retaining its information content and overall meaning. Punjabi text Summarization system is text extraction based summarization system which is used to summarize the Punjabi text by retaining relevant sentences based on statistical and linguistic features of text. Punjabi text summarization system is available online at website: http://pts.learnpunjabi. org/default.aspx It comprises of two main phases: 1) Pre Processing 2) Processing. Pre Processing is structured representation of original Punjabi text. Pre processing phase includes Punjabi words boundary identification, Punjabi sentences boundary identification, Punjabi stop words elimination, Punjabi language stemmer for nouns and proper names, applying input restrictions and elimination of duplicate sentences. In processing phase, sentence features are calculated and final score of each sentence is determined using feature-weight equation. Top ranked sentences in proper order are selected for final summary. This demo paper concentrates on Automatic Punjabi Text Extractive Summarization
Edges and Corners With Shearlets

Shearlets are a relatively new and very effective multi-scale framework for signal analysis. Contrary to the traditional wavelets, shearlets are capable to efficiently capture the anisotropic information in multivariate problem classes. Therefore, shearlets can be seen as the valid choice for multi-scale analysis and detection of directional sensitive visual features like edges and corners. In this paper, we start by reviewing the main properties of shearlets that are important for edge and corner detection. Then, we study algorithms for multi-scale edge and corner detection based on the shearlet representation. We provide an extensive experimental assessment on benchmark data sets which empirically confirms the potential of shearlets feature detection.
Characterization of liquid scintillation detector (BC-501A) and digital pulse shape discrimination (DPSD) system

A digital n/γ pulse shape discrimination (PSD) system is currently under development at Instrumentation & Automation Centre, Malaysian Nuclear Agency. This system aims at simultaneous detection of fast neutron and gamma ray in mixed radiations environment. This work reports the system characterization performed on the liquid scintillation detector (BC-501A) and digital pulse shape discrimination (DPSD) system. The characterization involves measurement of electron light output from the BC-501A detector and energy channels calibration of the pulse height spectra acquired with DPSD system using set of photon reference sources. The main goal of this experiment is to calibrate the ADC channel of our DPSD system, characterized the BC-501 detector and find the position of Compton edge which later could be used as threshold for the n/γ PSD experiment. The detector resolution however is worse as compared to other published data but it is expected as our detector has a smaller active volume.
Burden of systolic and diastolic ventricular dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic.

CONTEXT Approximately half of patients with overt congestive heart failure (CHF) have diastolic dysfunction without reduced ejection fraction (EF). Yet, the prevalence of diastolic dysfunction and its relation to systolic dysfunction and CHF in the community remain undefined. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of CHF and preclinical diastolic dysfunction and systolic dysfunction in the community and determine if diastolic dysfunction is predictive of all-cause mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional survey of 2042 randomly selected residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 45 years or older from June 1997 through September 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Doppler echocardiographic assessment of systolic and diastolic function. Presence of CHF diagnosis by review of medical records with designation as validated CHF if Framingham criteria are satisfied. Subjects without a CHF diagnosis but with diastolic or systolic dysfunction were considered as having either preclinical diastolic or preclinical systolic dysfunction. RESULTS The prevalence of validated CHF was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6%-2.8%) with 44% having an EF higher than 50%. Overall, 20.8% (95% CI, 19.0%-22.7%) of the population had mild diastolic dysfunction, 6.6% (95% CI, 5.5%-7.8%) had moderate diastolic dysfunction, and 0.7% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.1%) had severe diastolic dysfunction with 5.6% (95% CI, 4.5%-6.7%) of the population having moderate or severe diastolic dysfunction with normal EF. The prevalence of any systolic dysfunction (EF < or =50%) was 6.0% (95% CI, 5.0%-7.1%) with moderate or severe systolic dysfunction (EF < or =40%) being present in 2.0% (95% CI, 1.4%-2.5%). CHF was much more common among those with systolic or diastolic dysfunction than in those with normal ventricular function. However, even among those with moderate or severe diastolic or systolic dysfunction, less than half had recognized CHF. In multivariate analysis, controlling for age, sex, and EF, mild diastolic dysfunction (hazard ratio, 8.31 [95% CI, 3.00-23.1], P<.001) and moderate or severe diastolic dysfunction (hazard ratio, 10.17 [95% CI, 3.28-31.0], P<.001) were predictive of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS In the community, systolic dysfunction is frequently present in individuals without recognized CHF. Furthermore, diastolic dysfunction as rigorously defined by comprehensive Doppler techniques is common, often not accompanied by recognized CHF, and associated with marked increases in all-cause mortality.
SHISA3 Promoter Methylation Is a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of SHISA3 promoter methylation to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). SHISA3 promoter methylation status and expression were determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in 93 paired LSCC and adjacent normal tissues, respectively. Furthermore, the regulatory function of the SHISA3 promoter fragment was analyzed using a luciferase reporter assay. The results reveal that there is a significant increase in SHISA3 methylation in LSCC tissues compared with corresponding nontumor tissues (P = 4.58E − 12). The qRT-PCR results show a significant association between SHISA3 methylation and expression in LSCC (P = 1.67E − 03). In addition, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.91. Consequently, a log-rank test and multivariate Cox analysis suggest that SHISA3 promoter hypermethylation is a predictor of poor overall survival for LSCC (log-rank P = 0.024; HR = 2.71; 95% CI = 1.024–7.177; P = 0.047). The results indicate that SHISA3 promoter hypermethylation might increase the risk of LSCC through regulation of gene expression and is a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for LSCC.
ClosedPROWL: Efficient Mining of Closed Frequent Continuities by Projected Window List Technology

Mining frequent patterns in databases is a fundamental and essential problem in data mining research. A continuity is a kind of causal relationship which describes a definite temporal factor with exact position between the records. Since continuities break the boundaries of records, the number of potential patterns will increase drastically. An alternative approach is to mine closed frequent continuities. Mining closed frequent patterns has the same power as mining the complete set of frequent patterns, while substantially reducing redundant rules to be generated and increasing the effectiveness of mining. In this paper, we propose a method called projected window list technology for the mining of frequent continuities. We present a closed frequent continuity mining algorithm, ClosedPROWL. Experimental result shows that our algorithm is more efficient than previously proposed algorithms. Temporal databases, association rules, Mining methods and algorithms
Online adaptation of hidden Markov models using incremental estimation algorithms

The mismatch that frequently occurs between the training and testing conditions of an automatic speech recognizer can be efficiently reduced by adapting the parameters of the recognizer to the testing conditions. Two measures that characterize the performance of an adaptation algorithm are the speed with which it adapts to the new conditions, and its computational complexity, which is important for online applications. A family of adaptation algorithms for continuous-density hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizers have appeared that are based on constrained reestimation of the distribution parameters. These algorithms are fast, in the sense that a small amount of data is required for adaptation. They are, however, based on reestimating the model parameters using the batch version of the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. The multiple iterations required for the EM algorithm to converge make these adaptation schemes computationally expensive and not suitable for online applications, since multiple passes through the adaptation data are required. We show how incremental versions of the EM and the segmental k-means algorithm can be used to improve the convergence of these adaptation methods, reduce the computational requirements, and make them suitable for online applications.
C. elegans harbors pervasive cryptic genetic variation for embryogenesis

Conditionally functional mutations are an important class of natural genetic variation, yet little is known about their prevalence in natural populations or their contribution to disease risk. Here, we describe a vast reserve of cryptic genetic variation, alleles that are normally silent but which affect phenotype when the function of other genes is perturbed, in the gene networks of C. elegans embryogenesis. We find evidence that cryptic-effect loci are ubiquitous and segregate at intermediate frequencies in the wild. The cryptic alleles demonstrate low developmental pleiotropy, in that specific, rather than general, perturbations are required to reveal them. Our findings underscore the importance of genetic background in characterizing gene function and provide a model for the expression of conditionally functional effects that may be fundamental in basic mechanisms of trait evolution and the genetic basis of disease susceptibility.
Investigating the role of oscillations in endogenous and exogenous attentional states : novel methods in neurophenomenology

The work presented in this thesis aims to extend our scientific understanding of the subtle relationships between our phenomenological experience of specific states of consciousness, and the corresponding and potentially causal effects on neural activity. In our first experiment, we focused on a phenomenon referred to as spontaneous thought or mind wandering. Our vastly complex inner landscape is an essential aspect of our conscious experience, with research suggesting that people are engaged in some form of inner dialogue unrelated to their surroundings 50% of waking hours. These ongoing trains of thought have been consistently linked to reports of negative affect, even when the specific content is positive. Interestingly, the cornerstones of most meditation and contemplative practices are; a) training the continuous and flexible monitoring of mind wandering and sensory experience, b) the cultivation of sustained attention, and c) enhanced metacognitive awareness. Given that we are generally unaware of mind wandering when it occurs, meditation practitioners may provide more accurate first person phenomenological reports and descriptions of these temporally fluctuating states given their respective training. Thus, we designed a novel paradigm based on experience sampling probe presentations to gain insight into the dynamic measures of mental activity and EEG during meditation. Our findings suggest that meditation expertise is associated with an attenuated frequency of mind wandering, and that meditation training reduces the susceptibility of the mind to wander subsequently leading to longer periods of reported meditative absorption. Increases in theta activity (4-7 Hz) over frontal midline regions of the cortex, and alpha activity (9-12 Hz) primarily focused over the somatosensory cortex, appear to be markers of sustained meditative states when compared to mind wandering. Based on the robustness of the frontal midline theta in advanced meditators, alongside a multitude of findings demonstrating that frontal theta may serve as the backbone for cognitive control via long range information integration in neural networks throughout the brain, we then developed a methodologically novel and exhaustive neurofeedback protocol with the aim of training frontal midline theta (3.5-6.5 Hz at electrode site Fz) by means of instructing our subjects to engage in focused breathing and other techniques similar to meditation. After eight training sessions, we found that subjects who received real neurofeedback were able to significantly modulate and increase theta activity (3-7 Hz) over frontal regions, whereas subject's receiving age and gender matched sham (pseudo) feedback were not. We additionally observed significant modulations in both the alpha (9-11 Hz) and beta bands (13-20 Hz) in subjects who received real neurofeedback training. Together, these findings provide evidence that we can successfully connect neurophysiological features and data to the phenomenological nature of our subjective experience.
A Complete and Simplified Datasheet-Based Model of PV Cells in Variable Environmental Conditions for Circuit Simulation

The paper proposes two mathematical models of a photo-voltaic (PV) cell—the complete model and the simplified model—which can be used also for modeling a PV module or a PV string under any environmental condition. Both of them are based on the well-known five-parameters model, while the approach allows to write a new descriptive equation, whose terms are functions of the information always available in the modern datasheet of a PV module’s manufacturer. This implies that no pre-processing of the datasheet parameters is needed to use the proposed model, whichever the solar irradiance and the cell/module temperature are. Moreover, these models are interpreted from a circuital point of view, providing the electrical circuits constituted only by basic electrical components. Particularly, in order to take into account the variability of the environment parameters, several variable resistors and voltage-controlled sources are used. The proposed models are tested with the datasheet parameters of commercial PV modules.
A Dual Descent Algorithm for Node-capacitated Multiflow Problems and Its Applications

In this article, we develop an O((m log k)MSF(n,m,1))-time algorithm to find a half-integral node-capacitated multiflow of the maximum total flow-value in a network with n nodes, m edges, and k terminals, where MSF(n′,m′,γ) denotes the time complexity of solving the maximum submodular flow problem in a network with n′ nodes, m′ edges, and the complexity γ of computing the exchange capacity of the submodular function describing the problem. By using Fujishige-Zhang algorithm for submodular flow, we can find a maximum half-integral multiflow in O(m n3 log k) time. This is the first combinatorial strongly polynomial time algorithm for this problem. Our algorithm is built on a developing theory of discrete convex functions on certain graph structures. Applications include “ellipsoid-free” combinatorial implementations of a 2-approximation algorithm for the minimum node-multiway cut problem by Garg, Vazirani, and Yannakakis.
methylation across cancer samples Bisulfite Patch PCR enables multiplexed sequencing of promoter

Material Supplemental http://genome.cshlp. org/content/suppl/2010/07/13/gr.101212. 109.DC1. html References http://genome.cshlp. org/content/20/9/1279.full. html#ref-list-1 This article cites 34 articles, 17 of which can be accessed free at: License Commons Creative http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. described at a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as ). After six months, it is available under http://genome.cshlp. org/site/misc/terms.xhtml first six months after the full-issue publication date (see This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the
ConstructAide

We describe a set of tools for analyzing, visualizing, and assessing architectural/construction progress with unordered photo collections and 3D building models. With our interface, a user guides the registration of the model in one of the images, and our system automatically computes the alignment for the rest of the photos using a novel Structure-from-Motion (SfM) technique; images with nearby viewpoints are also brought into alignment with each other. After aligning the photo(s) and model(s), our system allows a user, such as a project manager or facility owner, to explore the construction site seamlessly in time, monitor the progress of construction, assess errors and deviations, and create photorealistic architectural visualizations. These interactions are facilitated by automatic reasoning performed by our system: static and dynamic occlusions are removed automatically, rendering information is collected, and semantic selection tools help guide user input. We also demonstrate that our user-assisted SfM method outperforms existing techniques on both real-world construction data and established multi-view datasets.
The Software Infrastructure for the Development and Validation of the Greek Wordnet

This paper deals with the software infrastructure designed and developed to support the construction and validation of the Greek wordnet, which is currently being developed in the framework of the BalkaNet project. We describe the language resources and the tools which aim at the extraction and validation of linguistic information for wordnet development and validation. In particular, we focus on the usage of machine readable dictionaries (MRD) and corpora while taking into account the particularities of the Greek language, which play a crucial role in the aforementioned tasks. Furthermore, we emphasize on how the technical infrastructure facilitated the development of the Greek wordnet and we give an account of the methodological principles adopted to that end. Finally, we present the current status of the Greek wordnet in terms of statistical data concerning both vocabulary coverage and links
The Tp0684 (MglB-2) Lipoprotein of Treponema pallidum: A Glucose-Binding Protein with Divergent Topology

Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis, is an obligate human parasite. As such, it must acquire energy, in the form of carbon sources, from the host. There is ample evidence that the principal source of energy for this spirochete is D-glucose acquired from its environment, likely via an ABC transporter. Further, there is genetic evidence of a D-glucose chemotaxis system in T. pallidum. Both of these processes may be dependent on a single lipidated chemoreceptor: Tp0684, also called TpMglB-2 for its sequence homology to MglB of Escherichia coli. To broaden our understanding of this potentially vital protein, we determined a 2.05-Å X-ray crystal structure of a soluble form of the recombinant protein. Like its namesake, TpMglB-2 adopts a bilobed fold that is similar to that of the ligand-binding proteins (LBPs) of other ABC transporters. However, the protein has an unusual, circularly permuted topology. This feature prompted a series of biophysical studies that examined whether the protein’s topological distinctiveness affected its putative chemoreceptor functions. Differential scanning fluorimetry and isothermal titration calorimetry were used to confirm that the protein bound D-glucose in a cleft between its two lobes. Additionally, analytical ultracentrifugation was employed to reveal that D-glucose binding is accompanied by a significant conformational change. TpMglB-2 thus appears to be fully functional in vitro, and given the probable central importance of the protein to T. pallidum’s physiology, our results have implications for the viability and pathogenicity of this obligate human pathogen.
Occam's Razor and a Non-Syntactic Measure of Decision Tree Complexity

Occam's razor, attributed to the fourteenth century English philosopher William of Occam, states: “plurality should not be assumed without necessity. ” The machine learning interpretation of Occam’s razor is that if two models have the same performance on the training set, choose the simpler. Decision tree learning widely uses Occam’s razor. Popular decision tree generating algorithms are based on information gain criterion which inherently prefers shorter trees (Mitchel 1997). Furthermore, decision tree pruning is common regardless of the splitting criterion. Experiments suggest that shorter trees indeed have better generalization accuracy (GA), typically estimated by a validation set prediction accuracy. However, some case studies show evidence apparently against Occam’s razor. Recently, Webb (1996) has built C4.5X, a version of C4.5 decision tree classifier (Quinlan 1993) with a postprocessor, which adds more nodes and branches to the tree generated by basic C4.5. He showed that though C4.5 and C4.5X have identical training set accuracies, the generalization accuracy over some datasets is better for C4.5X. But Webb’s argument is based on the traditional syntactic complexity measure (number of nodes) of decision trees. In this paper, we explore a non-syntactic measure of decision tree complexity using the notion of Kolmogorov Complexity (Kolmogorov 1965) and show that in this measure the complexity of C4.5X tree is less than that of C4.5 tree on average. Hence, according to our measure of complexity, C4.5X does not violate Occam’s razor.
The rhizosphere bacterial community dynamics of the halophyte Lycium ruthenicum in different growth stages

ObjectiveLycium ruthenicum is a halophyte and used to improve saline lands in northwest China. However, little is known about the bacterial community structural dynamics with growth stage. MethodsWe investigated the dynamics of rhizosphere bacterial community structure in three growth stages using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. ResultsWe obtained a total of 317467 16S rDNA reads, corresponding to 7028 bacterial/archaeal operational taxonomic units. The alpha diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soil. The diversity and richness of rhizosphere bacteria were much lower in senescence stage than that in vegetative and flowering/fruiting stages. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria gradually decreased, whereas the abundance of Cyanobacteria increased along with growth cycle. The phylum Firmicutes abundance was significantly higher in senescence stage than in other stages. The abundant genera composition also changed with growth stage. Seventeen genera (i.e. Corynebacterium, Acidovorax, Elizabethkingia, Albirhodobacter and Pseudomonas) were abundant at vegetative stage; Sixteen bacterial genera were enriched in flowering/fruiting stage, including Rhodoligotrophos, Geminicoccus, Gracilimonas and Thioprofundum. Four bacterial genera, Exiguobacterium, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, were abundant in senescence stage. In vegetative and flowering/fruiting stages, the rhizosphere bacterial community was of high similarity, and the similarities between rhizosphere communities were higher than that between rhizosphere and bulk soil communities. However, in senescence stage, the rhizosphere bacterial community composition was more different from the communities in previous stages, but turned to be more similar with that of bulk soil. ConclusionThe rhizosphere bacterial community diversity and composition were changing with growth stage, and great difference was found between senescence stage and previous two stages. Plant growth stage had important effects on structuring the rhizosphere bacterial community of L. ruthenicum.