Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Redundancy Mechanism under Single Chip Multiprocessor Architecture

Chip multiprocessor (CMP) will become more popular in embedded systems. As clock frequency increases, dependency among core blocks rises, which therefore tends to reduce performance of system and be more unstable. Redundancy is a way to improve the dependability of the system. But the traditional methods cannot make full use of the computing capacity of CMP. In this paper, we propose a new redundancy mechanism. The whole system is reorganized using lightweight virtualization. A group of processors and a block of memory are treated as a single logical computing unit each of which corresponds to a processer separately. In this way, only a distributor and an arbiter need to be added into operating system with least effort. The distributor dispatches one task to all the logical computing units. After execution, the arbiter gathers all results to analyze whether they are dependable. Because the distributor and the arbiter are very simple, total overhead of the system are very low. Experiment results show the proposed method is practical with average overhead less than 8%.
Assessing the Impact of U.S. Food Assistance Delivery Policies on Child Mortality in Northern Kenya

The U.S. is the main country in the world that delivers its food assistance primarily via transoceanic shipments of commodity-based in-kind food. This approach is costlier and less timely than cash-based assistance, which includes cash transfers, food vouchers, and local and regional procurement, where food is bought in or nearby the recipient country. The U.S.’s approach is exacerbated by a requirement that half of its transoceanic food shipments need to be sent on U.S.-flag vessels. We estimate the effect of these U.S. food assistance distribution policies on child mortality in northern Kenya by formulating and optimizing a supply chain model. In our model, monthly orders of transoceanic shipments and cash-based interventions are chosen to minimize child mortality subject to an annual budget constraint and to policy constraints on the allowable proportions of cash-based interventions and non-US-flag shipments. By varying the restrictiveness of these policy constraints, we assess the impact of possible changes in U.S. food aid policies on child mortality. The model includes an existing regression model that uses household survey data and geospatial data to forecast the mean mid-upper-arm circumference Z scores among children in a community, and allows food assistance to increase Z scores, and Z scores to influence mortality rates. We find that cash-based interventions are a much more powerful policy lever than the U.S.-flag vessel requirement: switching to cash-based interventions reduces child mortality from 4.4% to 3.7% (a 16.2% relative reduction) in our model, whereas eliminating the U.S.-flag vessel restriction without increasing the use of cash-based interventions generates a relative reduction in child mortality of only 1.1%. The great majority of the gains achieved by cash-based interventions are due to their reduced cost, not their reduced delivery lead times; i.e., the reduction of shipping expenses allows for more food to be delivered, which reduces child mortality.
Vowel-Like Sound Structure in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) Vocal Production

In our study we taught a female African Grey 11 Italian words: vowel-like sounds were extracted from com- prehensible words after critical listening, and pitch frequency (Pkf) was measured for the first three formants of each vowel. Similarly, formants from human vowels were isolated and measured. The analysis run on formant frequencies mean values of both samples revealed that human vowels could be separated on the basis of the first three formants. Com- parison between each human vowel and its parrot counterpart revealed that four out of five parrot vowels could be consid- ered statistically different from human ones regarding the first two formants, but comparison between F2/F1 and F3/F2 are not significant. Our results suggest that formant spaces do exist in the vocalic production of a talking bird. This leads to interesting conclusions about generalization skills involved in speech recognition, vowel parsing patterns and label pro- duction.
Genetic, Biochemical, and Environmental Factors Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Newborns from the Czech Republic

Background Oxidative damage to placental DNA can result in negative pregnancy outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and low birth weight (LBW). Objective We investigated associations between the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, in placental DNA, exposure to air pollutants during pregnancy, genetic polymorphisms in 94 selected genes, and pregnancy outcomes. Methods We studied 891 newborns who were IUGR- or LBW-affected or normal weight and were born between 1994 and 1999 in the Czech Republic in two districts with different levels of air pollution. Results We found nonsignificantly elevated 8-oxodG levels in the IUGR-affected group compared with the non-IUGR group (p = 0.055). Similarly, slightly elevated 8-oxodG levels were found in the LBW-affected group compared with the non-LBW group (p < 0.050). In univariate analyses, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with 8-oxodG levels, IUGR, and LBW. Exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 μm was associated with increased 8-oxodG levels in placental DNA and LBW. However, multivariate-adjusted logistic regression revealed that above-median 8-oxodG levels were the only factor significantly associated with IUGR [OR = 1.56; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–2.37; p = 0.022]. Above-median levels of 8-oxodG were associated with LBW (OR = 1.88; 95% CI, 1.15–3.06; p = 0.011). Other variables associated with LBW included sex and gestational age of the newborn, maternal smoking, and haplotypes in the promoter region of the gene encoding mannose-binding lectin 2 (MBL2). The role of air pollutants in the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes seemed to be less important. Conclusions Levels of 8-oxodG in placental DNA were associated with the risk of IUGR as well as LBW. Newborn’s sex, gestational age, maternal smoking, and genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of the MBL2 gene were associated with LBW incidence.
KnowledgeSeeker — an ontological agent-based system for retrieving and analyzing Chinese web articles

In this paper, we present the KnowledgeSeeker, an ontological agent-based system that is designed to help users find, retrieve, and analyze news article from the Internet and then present the content in a semantic web. We present the benefits of using ontologies to analyze the semantics of Chinese text, and also the advantages of using a semantic web to organize information semantically. KnowledgeSeeker also demonstrates the advantages of using ontologies to identify topics. We use a Chinese document corpus to evaluate KnowledgeSeeker and the testing result was compared to other approaches. KnowledgeSeeker is able to identify the topics of Chinese web articles with an accuracy of nearly 87% and has a processing speed of less than one second per article. It is also able to organize content flexibly and understands knowledge more accurately than methods that use ontology definition.
The Influence of the Stereo Base on Blind and Sighted Reaches in a Virtual Environment

In virtual environments, perceived distances are frequently reported to be shorter than intended. One important parameter for spatial perception in a stereoscopic virtual environment is the stereo base—that is, the distance between the two viewing cameras. We systematically varied the stereo base relative to the interpupillary distance (IPD) and examined influences on distance and size perception. Furthermore, we tested whether an individual adjustment of the stereo base through an alignment task would reduce the errors in distance estimation. Participants performed reaching movements toward a virtual tennis ball either with closed eyes (blind reaches) or open eyes (sighted reaches). Using the participants' individual IPD, the stereo base was set to (a) the IPD, (b) proportionally smaller, (c) proportionally larger, or (d) adjusted according to the individual performance in an alignment task that was conducted beforehand. Overall, consistent with previous research, distances were underestimated. As expected, with a smaller stereo base, the virtual object was perceived as being farther away and bigger, in contrast to a larger stereo base, where the virtual object was perceived to be nearer and smaller. However, the manipulation of the stereo base influenced blind reaching estimates to a smaller extent than expected, which might be due to a combination of binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues. In sighted reaching, when visual feedback was available, presumably the use of disparity matching led to a larger effect of the stereo base. The use of an individually adjusted stereo base diminished the average underestimation but did not reduce interindividual variance. Interindividual differences were task specific and could not be explained through differences in stereo acuity or fixation disparity.
Volumetric texture synthesis using fundamental solution methods

We present a volumetric texture synthesis technology that interpolates the interior solid texture from the boundary surface texture mapping. The interpolation is based on the (poly-)cube mapping and fundamental solution method. The (poly-)cube texture map indicates the boundary constraint for the fundamental solution, which then computes two harmonic scalar fields coherent to this boundary configuration. Given a solid geometric object with a closed genus-0 boundary surface, we first map the boundary surface onto a (poly-)cube; then compute the mapping from the (poly-)cube to the 2-dimensional texture coordinates space; finally use this as the boundary condition to compute harmonic volumetric fields for interpolating the interior solid texture. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm in isotropic 3D texture synthesis.
Singular Value Decomposition for dimensionality reduction in unsupervised text learning problems

Partitioning vast amounts of text documents is a challenging problem due to a high dimensional representation of the documents. In this study, we investigate the quality of text document clustering when Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is used to reduce the dimension of the documents. The results show that the quality of the clusters is very comparable to that of when the dimensions are not reduced. In addition, the computational cost to cluster documents can be reduced significantly when the clustering is done on a small dimension.
Student and school level factors in victimization of middle school students: An ecological perspective

This study aimed to investigate the role of student- and school-level factors that contribute to the likelihood of being peer victim and bully victim by comparing them with non-victim. The sample of the study consisted of 1557 (832 males, 725 females) middle school students from 16 different schools in Ankara. The data collection instruments of the study were; Demographic Data Form, California Bully Victimization Scale (CBVS; Felix, Sharkey, Green, Furlong, & Tanigawa, 2011), School Climate Survey (SCS; Emmons, Haynes, & Comer, 2002), and Self- Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-C; Muris, 2001). The results of hierarchical generalized linear modeling indicated a significant variation between the schools in the log-odds of peer victim and bully victim (relative to non-victim). The student-level variables predicted significantly the likelihood of being in peer victim and bully victim. Both peer victims and bully victims reported lower emotional self-efficacy, fairness, order and discipline. On the other hand, bully victims also reported lower sharing of resources and student interpersonal relations. After controlling the student-level variables (as covariates), the school-level variables did not statistically and significantly predict variation across the schools in the log-odds of peer victim. However, these variables statistically and significantly predicted variation across the schools in the log-odds of bully victim, but there was no significant predictor in the model.Consequently, findings suggested that most of the variation across the schools in victimization was explained by the characteristics of the students. The findings might underline the importance of attending emotional self-efficacy beliefs and school climate perceptions of the students’ while developing a school-specific bullying intervention.
Tree methods in finance

Tree methods are amongst the most popular numerical methods to price financial derivatives. They are mathematically speaking easy to understand and they do not require severe implmentation skills to obtain algorithms to price financial derivatives. Tree methods basically consist in approximating the diffusion process modeling the underlying asset price by a discrete random walk. In fact, the price of a European option of maturity T can always be written as an expectation either of the form
Gauge Theories on an Interval: Unitarity Without a Higgs Boson

hep-ph/0305237 Saclay t03/061 Gauge Theories on an Interval: Unitarity without a Higgs arXiv:hep-ph/0305237 v1 22 May 2003 Csaba Cs´ ki a , Christophe Grojean b , Hitoshi Murayama c , a Luigi Pilo b and John Terning d Newman Laboratory of Elementary Particle Physics Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA b Service de Physique Th´ orique, CEA Saclay, F91191 Gif–sur–Yvette, France e c Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Theory Division T-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA a d csaki@mail.lns. cornell.edu, grojean@spht.saclay. cea.fr, murayama@lbl.gov, pilo@spht.saclay. cea.fr, terning@lanl.gov Abstract We consider extra dimensional gauge theories on an interval. We ﬁrst review the deriva- tion of the consistent boundary conditions (BC’s) from the action principle. These BC’s include choices that give rise to breaking of the gauge symmetries. The boundary con- ditions could be chosen to coincide with those commonly applied in orbifold theories, but there are many more possibilities. To investigate the nature of gauge symmetry breaking via BC’s we calculate the elastic scattering amplitudes for longitudinal gauge bosons. We ﬁnd that using a consistent set of BC’s the terms in these amplitudes that explicitly grow with energy always cancel without having to introduce any additional scalar degree of freedom, but rather by the exchange of Kaluza–Klein (KK) gauge bosons. This suggests that perhaps the SM Higgs could be completely eliminated in favor of some KK towers of gauge ﬁelds. We show that from the low-energy eﬀective theory perspective this seems to be indeed possible. We display an extra dimensional toy model, where BC’s introduce a symmetry breaking pattern and mass spectrum that resembles that in the standard model.
A Study of Sindhi Related and Arabic Script Adapted languages Recognition

A large number of publications are available for the Optical Character Recognition (OCR). Significant researches, as well as articles are present for the Latin, Chinese and Japanese scripts. Arabic script is also one of mature script from OCR perspective. The adaptive languages which share Arabic script or its extended characters; still lacking the OCRs for their language. In this paper we present the efforts of researchers on Arabic and its related and adapted languages. This survey is organized in different sections, in which introduction is followed by properties of Sindhi Language. OCR process techniques and methods used by various researchers are presented. The last section is dedicated for future work and conclusion is also discussed.
Mining Coordinated Intent Representation for Entity Search and Recommendation

We study the problem of learning query intent representation for an entity search task such as product retrieval, where a user would use a keyword query to retrieve entities based on their structured attribute value descriptions. Existing intent representation has been mostly based on the query space. These methods overlook the critical information from the entity space and the connection in between. Consequently, when such representation methods are used in intent mining from user engagement logs in entity search, they cannot fully discover the comprehensive knowledge of user preference, which is essential for improving the effectiveness of entity search and recommendation, as well as many applications such as business intelligence. To address this problem, we propose a novel Coordinated Intent Representation, where each user intent is represented collectively in both the query space and the entity space. Specifically, a coordinated intent representation consists of a language model to capture typical query terms used for search and a series of probabilistic distributions on entity attributes and attribute values to characterize the preferred features of entities for the corresponding intent. We propose a novel generative model to discover coordinated intent representations from the entity search logs. Evaluation in the domain of product search shows that the proposed model is effective for discovering meaningful coordinated shopping intents, and the discovered intent representation can be directly used for improving the accuracy of product search and recommendation.
How to get navigation information within patches of sky as insects do?: A primitive orientation by skylight polarization maps

Many insects can derive navigation information from skylight polarization within patches of sky. The current methods simulating insect strategy take advantage of the skylight polarization through single numerical values rather than patterns. In this paper, we present a method to get navigation orientations by gradient vectors of skylight polarization maps even if the Sun is invisible or occluded by clouds. The maps are provided by a zenith centered imaging polarimeter with narrow field of view. Navigation orientations can be worked out by the combination of solar azimuths and calendar. We can gain additional insights into the navigation behavior of insects via the experiments.
A semantics-directed compiler generator

This paper introduces a formal notition, the semanfic grammar, for defining programming languages. Semantic grammars combine denotational semantics and attribute grammars. They describe syntax and wmantics together, without separate tists of formulas or rules that need to be put into correspondence. They handle both static and dynamic semantics, both compileand run-time actions. ‘Ihey describe languages at a high level of abstraction.
Differential Regulation of Synaptic Vesicle Protein Genes by Target and Synaptic Activity

Differentiation of presynaptic nerve terminals involves changes in gene expression; these may be regulated by synaptic transmission and/or by contact with the target muscle. To gain insight into the control of presynaptic differentiation, we examined the regulation by target and synaptic activity of synaptic vesicle protein (SVP) genes in the chick ciliary ganglion (CG). In the CG, two SVP genes, synaptotagmin I (syt I) and synaptophysin II (syp II), are coordinately upregulated at the time of target contact. To test the hypothesis that this upregulation is induced by target contact, we examined mRNA levels of syt I and syp II in CGs from embryos in which one eye had been removed before axon outgrowth. As expected, target removal prevented the normal upregulation of syt I mRNA in the deprived ganglion. In contrast, and unexpectedly, syp II mRNA upregulation was not affected. The target dependence of syt I upregulation was not attributable to nerve–muscle transmission, because blockade of this transmission had no effect on SVP mRNA levels. Surprisingly, blockade of synapses onto CG neurons from the brain also did not affect syt I mRNA levels but increased levels of syp II mRNA. We conclude that contact with target induces upregulation of syt I mRNA, which is the case for spinal motor neurons. However, the normal upregulation of syp II mRNA is not controlled by the same signal(s). Instead, our results suggest that these two SVP genes are differentially regulated, both by target contact and by blockade of synaptic transmission.
Journal of Informetrics

Web2. 0technologiesareﬁndingtheirwayintoacademics:specializedsocialbookmarking services allow researchers to store and share scientiﬁc literature online. By bookmarking and tagging articles, academic prosumers generate new information about resources, i.e. usagestatisticsandcontentdescriptionofscientiﬁcjournals. Giventhelackofglobaldown-load statistics, the authors propose the application of social bookmarking data to journal evaluation. For a set of 45 physics journals all 13,608 bookmarks from CiteULike, Connotea and BibSonomy to documents published between 2004 and 2008 were analyzed. This article explores bookmarking data in STM and examines in how far it can be used to describe the perception of periodicals by the readership. Four basic indicators are deﬁned, which analyze different aspects of usage: Usage Ratio, Usage Diffusion, Article Usage Intensity and Journal Usage Intensity. Tags are analyzed to describe a reader-speciﬁc view on journal content.
Tailoring Subunit Vaccine Immunity with Adjuvant Combinations and Delivery Routes Using the Middle East Respiratory Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Receptor-Binding Domain as an Antigen

The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of MERS-CoV spike (S) is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m.) with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum) alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C) or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN). The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA) and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c.) route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production). Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting effective humoral and cellular immune responses.