Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human joint tissue identification by employing diffuse reflectance and auto-fluorescence spectroscopy, in combination with machine learning

Using optical spectroscopy, we are developing a tissue identification technology for a robotic orthopedic surgery system. Biological tissues are heterogeneous structures that interact with light to absorb, reflect, scatter and re-emit. Reflected light can be measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and autofluorescence light can be measured by fluorescence excitation spectroscopy [1]. The majority of biological tissues exhibit unique spectral characteristics in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared due to their biochemical and morphological state [2, 3]. Therefore, these sensing techniques have been found to be useful for tissue identification. To our knowledge there has been no published research that has explored these modalities to identify the different human joint tissue.
Online Social Networks: Shaping Deception In Online Resumes

This study explores the way that social networking websites (SNS) shape individuals’ patterns of deception in online resumes. We argue that because specific features of SNS, such as the ability for individuals in the social network to view profile information, connect the virtual and actual self (Walther & Parks, 2002) the costliness of deception increases (Donath, 1999). We tested this prediction in the context of online resumes constructed on the SNS Linkedin.com®. Participants (N = 123) in a between-subjects experiment created profiles in four self-presentational settings: a traditional (offline) resume, a private SNS profile, a public SNS profile, a private SNS profile with specific social network information and a public SNS profile with specific social network information. Findings suggest that frequency of deceptive acts did not differ between offline, private and public SNS profile conditions, although these conditions affected types of deception that people use in resumes. Individuals tended to lie more about interests in public SNS resumes than in private SNS and traditional resumes. The results are discussed in terms of warranting (Walther & Parks, 2002) and the costliness of deception (Donath, 1999).
Reflections on learning: widening capability and the student experience

This paper argues for a more nuanced perspective on learning that takes account of the real and situated contexts of student experience. It is presented against a backdrop of the agenda to widen participation in higher education (HE) in the UK, which has led to a rise in students from non-traditional backgrounds entering into HE. Responding to this, an argument is made in favour of widening ‘capability’ in learning, to produce a more socially just pedagogy. Drawing on examples of the student learning experience a series of reflections is produced from an undergraduate programme of education studies. Such reflections, linking personal knowledge with wider social and cultural practices, are used to produce notions of ‘cultural wealth’ across informal and formal learning contexts. It is argued that by creating choice and freedoms in student learning the exclusivity of university education may be challenged and a more socially just pedagogy usefully considered.
Protectionist Lobbying and Strategic Investment

Why are some uncompetitive industry sectors so effective in lobbying for greater protection and support? This paper attempts to explain the lobbying success of these industries in terms of the strategic role of investment in technology as a credible commitment device. By eschewing potentially profitable investment opportunities firms credibly signal to the government that the cost of a tariff reduction will be substantial. This enables the firms to lobby more effectively for policy concessions. Political considerations may therefore provide a significant incentive for firms to reject investment in newer technologies, even when these lower production costs.
Spectral Learning of Large Structured HMMs for Comparative Epigenomics

We develop a latent variable model and an efficient spectral algorithm motivated by the recent emergence of very large data sets of chromatin marks from multiple human cell types. A natural model for chromatin data in one cell type is a Hidden Markov Model (HMM); we model the relationship between multiple cell types by connecting their hidden states by a fixed tree of known structure. The main challenge with learning parameters of such models is that iterative methods such as EM are very slow, while naive spectral methods result in time and space complexity exponential in the number of cell types. We exploit properties of the tree structure of the hidden states to provide spectral algorithms that are more computationally efficient for current biological datasets. We provide sample complexity bounds for our algorithm and evaluate it experimentally on biological data from nine human cell types. Finally, we show that beyond our specific model, some of our algorithmic ideas can be applied to other graphical models.
Recommending Tags for New Resources in Social Bookmarking Systems

Social bookmarking system is a web-based resource sharing system that allows users to upload, share and organize their resources i.e. bookmarks and publications. The system has shifted the paradigm of bookmarking from an individual activity limited to desktop to a collective activity on the web. It also facilitates user to annotate his resource with free form tags that leads to large communities of users to collaboratively create accessible repositories of web resources. Tagging process has its own challenges like ambiguity, redundancy or misspelled tags and sometimes user tends to avoid it as he has to describe tag at his own. The resultant tag space is noisy or very sparse and dilutes the purpose of tagging. The effective solution is Tag Recommendation System that automatically suggests appropriate set of tags to user while annotating resource. In this paper, we propose a framework that does not depend on tagging history of the resource or user and thereby capable of suggesting tags to the resources which are being submitted to the system first time. We model tag recommendation task as multi-label text classification problem and use Naive Bayes classifier as the base learner of the multilabel classifier. We experiment with Boolean, bag-of-words and term frequency-inverse document frequency (TFIDF) representation of the resources and fit appropriate distribution to the data based on the representation used. Impact of feature selection on the effectiveness of the tag recommendation is also studied. Effectiveness of the proposed framework is evaluated through precision, recall and f-measure metrics.
A CIRCUITOUS PATH TO MACROSTRUCTURAL THEORY

I introduce this memoir about my academic career by describing the fortuitous incidents involved in my coming to this country and becoming a sociologist. In graduate school my sociological orientation changed under the influence of Merton and Lazarsfeld from grand theories to systematic theory grounded in research. My dissertation was a field study of bureaucracy in terms of Weber’s theory, which led to a book on exchange theory. Next I collaborated with Duncan on a nationwide study of occupational achievement and mobility, for which I learned regression analysis, reluctantly at first, but later becoming converted to it. During the next decade I conducted a research program on bureaucracy, specifically of quantitative studies of various types of formal organizations, from which I developed a limited organizational theory. The limitations of this theory prompted me to construct a formal macrostructural theory of population structure’s influences on intergroup relations, which was subsequently tested in emp.
Low Back Pain in Young Athletes

Context: Low back pain in young athletes is a common complaint and should be taken seriously. It frequently results from a structural injury that requires a high degree of suspicion to diagnose and treat appropriately. Evidence Acquisition: A Medline search was conducted from 1996 to May 2008 using the search terms “low back pain in children” and “low back pain in athletes. ” Known texts on injuries in young athletes were also reviewed. References in retrieved articles were additionally searched for relevant articles. Sources were included if they contained information regarding diagnosis and treatment of causes of low back pain in children. Results: Low back pain is associated with sports involving repetitive extension, flexion, and rotation, such as gymnastics, dance, and soccer. Both acute and overuse injuries occur, although overuse injuries are more common. Young athletes who present with low back pain have a high incidence of structural injuries such as spondylolysis and other injuries to the posterior elements of the spine. Disc-related pathology is much less common. Simple muscle strains are much less likely in this population and should be a diagnosis of exclusion only. Conclusion: Young athletes who present with low back pain are more likely to have structural injuries and therefore should be investigated fully. Muscle strain should be a diagnosis of exclusion. Treatment should address flexibility and muscle imbalances. Injuries can be prevented by recognizing and addressing risk factors. Return to sport should be a gradual process once the pain has resolved and the athlete has regained full strength.
Synthesizing Lessons Learned From Get With The Guidelines: The Value of Disease-Based Registries in Improving Quality and Outcomes

The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA) is a trusted source of scientific information in cardiovascular medicine. The AHA/ASA has a longstanding commitment to support state-of-the-art scientific research in cardiovascular disease and stroke. The AHA/ASA has also developed a leadership role in translating cardiovascular science into internationally respected guidelines. In 2000, however, the AHA/ASA concluded that, to provide maximal benefit for patients with cardiovascular disease and those at risk, it needed to develop a rigorous approach to translating its guidelines into clinical practice. The result was a comprehensive suite of programs collectively called Get With The Guidelines (GWTG). Modeled in part on the University of California, Los Angeles Cardiovascular Hospitalization Atherosclerosis Management Program (CHAMP),1,2 GWTG was successfully piloted by the AHA in Massachusetts.3 Based on the success of the Massachusetts pilot, the AHA committed significant human and financial resources to extend the program across the United States. This commitment included the development of a national steering committee composed of AHA/ASA volunteers, and the addition of multiple modules including hospital-based management of coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, and resuscitation after in-hospital cardiac arrest. The scientific foundation of the program is the best evidence from the latest American College of Cardiology/AHA/ASA guidelines. GWTG staff work with participating hospitals to implement these guidelines by using AHA/ASA quality improvement professional consultation, workshops, and Webinars. In addition, the AHA developed sophisticated clinical databases (registries) through which hospitals and physicians collect information in real time for the assessment of quality, regional, and national benchmarking, national recognition, and the generation of new science. The AHA underwrites a portion of the costs associated with the technology platform and data collection tools to reduce the financial burden on participating sites. From the 4 GWTG disease-specific registries, >200 articles have been published in peer-reviewed journals. …
Efficient Modeling of An Anatomy‐Based Face and Fast 3D Facial Expression Synthesis

This paper presents new methods for efficient modeling and animation of an hierarchical facial model that conforms to the human face anatomy for realistic and fast 3D facial expression synthesis. The facial model has a skin–muscle–skull structure. The deformable skin model directly simulates the nonlinear visco‐elastic behavior of soft tissue and effectively prevents model collapse. The construction of facial muscles is achieved by using an efficient muscle mapping approach. Based on a cylindrical projection of the texture‐mapped facial surface and wire‐frame skin and skull meshes, this approach ensures different muscles to be located at the anatomically correct positions between the skin and skull layers. For computational efficiency, we devise an adaptive simulation algorithm which uses either a semi‐implicit integration scheme or a quasi‐static solver to compute the relaxation by traversing the designed data structures in a breadth‐first order. The algorithm runs in real‐time and has successfully synthesized realistic facial expressions.
Work Motivation: The Incorporation of Self-Concept-Based Processes

This paper proposes a metatheory of workmotivation incorporating theories of self-concept thathave been proposed in the sociological and psychologicalliteratures. Traditional theories of work motivation are reviewed, and the self-concept-basedsources of motivation are presented. How theself-concept influences behavior in organizations isexplained and used to develop a metatheory ofmotivational sources. Both research and managerial implications ofthe model are presented.
Host-Detrimental Role of Esx-1-Mediated Inflammasome Activation in Mycobacterial Infection

The Esx-1 (type VII) secretion system is a major virulence determinant of pathogenic mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium marinum. However, the molecular events and host-pathogen interactions underlying Esx-1-mediated virulence in vivo remain unclear. Here we address this problem in a non-lethal mouse model of M. marinum infection that allows detailed quantitative analysis of disease progression. M. marinum established local infection in mouse tails, with Esx-1-dependent formation of caseating granulomas similar to those formed in human tuberculosis, and bone deterioration reminiscent of skeletal tuberculosis. Analysis of tails infected with wild type or Esx-1-deficient bacteria showed that Esx-1 enhanced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including the secreted form of IL-1β, suggesting that Esx-1 promotes inflammasome activation in vivo. In vitro experiments indicated that Esx-1-dependent inflammasome activation required the host NLRP3 and ASC proteins. Infection of wild type and ASC-deficient mice demonstrated that Esx-1-dependent inflammasome activation exacerbated disease without restricting bacterial growth, indicating a host-detrimental role of this inflammatory pathway in mycobacterial infection. These findings define an immunoregulatory role for Esx-1 in a specific host-pathogen interaction in vivo, and indicate that the Esx-1 secretion system promotes disease and inflammation through its ability to activate the inflammasome.
A Socioanalytic Perspective on Job Performance

This article presents a perspective on the relation between personality, job performance, and performance appraisal. The article is largely descriptive and discursive, but the key assumptions are primarily data-based. We begin by defining personality in terms of motivation, identity, and reputation-as opposed to traits. We then describe the role of social skills in allowing people successfully to pursue their major occupational goals. Finally, we suggest that performance appraisals reflect supervisors' judgments of rewardingness-the degree to which an incumbent meets or fulfills his or her boss's expectations regarding his or her performance-and these expectations may not necessarily concern the degree to which important organizational goals are met.
A Novel Derivative of the Natural Agent Deguelin for Cancer Chemoprevention and Therapy

The natural compound deguelin has promising preventive and therapeutic activity against diverse cancers by directly binding to heat shock protein-90 and thus suppressing its function. Potential side effects of deguelin over a certain dose, however, could be a substantial obstacle to its clinical use. To develop a derivative(s) of deguelin with reduced potential side effects, we synthesized five deguelin analogues (SH-02, SH-03, SH-09, SH-14, and SH-15) and compared them with the parent compound and each other for structural and biochemical features; solubility; and antiproliferative effects on normal, premalignant, and malignant human bronchial epithelial (HBE) and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Four derivatives destabilized hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as potently as did deguelin. Reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis in H460 NSCLC cells revealed that deguelin and the derivatives suppressed expression of a number of proteins including heat shock protein-90 clients and proteins involved in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. One derivative, SH-14, showed several features of potential superiority for clinical use: the highest apoptotic activity; no detectable influence on Src/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, which can promote cancer progression and is closely related to pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (deguelin, SH-02 and SH-03 strongly activated this signaling); better aqueous solubility; and less cytotoxicity to immortalized HBE cells (versus deguelin) at a dose (1 μmol/L) that induced apoptotic activity in most premalignant and malignant HBE and NSCLC cell lines. These collective results suggest that the novel derivative SH-14 has strong potential for cancer chemoprevention and therapy, with equivalent efficacy and lesser toxicity (versus deguelin).
Imprint–environment Fit and Performance

Using a longitudinal study of professionals in two information technology services firms, as well as interview data, this paper illuminates how organizational fortunes influence individual performance over time, examining how the economic situation of an organization leaves a lasting imprint on new employees and how that imprint affects subsequent job performance. The core hypothesis, supported by the results, is that the more similar the initially experienced level of organizational munificence is to the level of munificence in a subsequent period, the higher an individual’s job performance. This relationship between what I call “imprint–environment fit” and performance is contingent on the individual’s career stage when entering the organization and the influence of secondhand imprinting resulting from the social transmission of others’ imprints. A possible implication of the core hypothesis may be a “curse of extremes,” whereby both very high and very low levels of initial munificence are associated with lower average performance during a person’s subsequent tenure. One mechanism underlying these patterns is that employees socialized in different resource environments develop distinct approaches to problem solving and client interactions, which then lead to varying levels of imprint–environment fit in subsequent resource environments.
Corynebacterium imitans sp. nov. isolated from patients with suspected diphtheria

A 5-month-old boy of a Romanian family traveling via Ukraine to Poland developed a respiratory disease that resembled and that was initially diagnosed as pharyngeal diphtheria. The child recovered after treatment with antidiphtheria antitoxin. A coryneform bacterium had been isolated from a nasopharyngeal specimen from the child and was initially identified as an atypical Corynebacterium diphtheriae strain. Seven adults who had contact with either the child or an adult contact person also developed symptoms of pharyngeal diphtheria, were also treated with antitoxin, and recovered uneventfully. Coryneform bacteria similar to that originating from the index patient were also isolated from the throat swabs of three adults. Detailed biochemical and chemotaxonomic investigations revealed that the coryneform bacteria belonged to the genus Corynebacterium and could be differentiated from all other defined species of this genus. Ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that all four patients' isolates were of clonal origin. The diphtheria toxin gene and its product were not detected either by PCR assays or by the Elek test, making a possible disease association of the Corynebacterium more unlikely. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the coryneform bacterium represented a new subline within the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium imitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NCTC 13015 (DSM 44264; CCUG 36877).
Relational Turning Point Events and Their Outcomes in College Teacher–Student Relationships from Students’ Perspectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate teacher–student interaction using a relational frame (i.e., describing the student–teacher dynamic as inherently relational). Specifically, we focus on turning points and their potential outcomes in student–teacher relationships. Students who were able to identify a relational turning point event with a college teacher (n = 394) completed open- and closed-ended survey questions about the event, its outcomes, and their learning and motivation. Analysis of participants’ responses yielded six meta-level categories of turning point events, most of which were positively valenced: instrumental, personal, rhetorical, ridicule/discipline, locational, and other person. Our analysis also yielded 11 categories of outcomes of relational turning point events. Two of these—changes in willingness to approach the teacher/seek help and changes in perceptions of their relationship with the teacher—were common to personal turning point events. Students who reported positive instrumental, personal, and locational turning point events also reported increased cognitive learning, affective learning, and student motivation following the turning points. Further, students who reported a ridicule/discipline turning point event, the one event type commonly rated negatively, reported decreased cognitive learning, affective learning, and student motivation.
Do Local Economic Development Programs Work? Evidence from the Federal Empowerment Zone Program

This paper evaluates the impact of Round I of the federal urban Empowerment Zone (EZ) program on neighborhood level labor and housing market outcomes over the period 1994-2000. Using four decades of Census data in conjunction with information on the proposed boundaries of rejected EZs, we find that neighborhoods receiving EZ designation experienced substantial improvements in labor market conditions and moderate increases in rents relative to rejected and future zones. These effects were accompanied by small changes in the demographic composition of the neighborhoods, though evidence from disaggregate Census tabulations suggests that these changes account for little of the observed improvements.