Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Core Testing for SOC Using Merged Test Set and Scan Tree

A novel concurrent core test approach is proposed to reduce the test cost of SOC. Prior to test, the test sets corresponding to cores under test (CUT) are merged by using the proposed merging algorithm to obtain a minimum merged test set. During test, the proposed scan tree architecture is employed to support the concurrent core test using the merged test set. The approach achieves concurrent core test with one scan input and low hardware overhead. Moreover, the approach does not need any additional test generation, and it can be used in conjunction with general compression/decompression techniques to further reduce test cost. Experimental results for ISCAS 89 benchmarks have proven the efficiency of the proposed approach.
Duplication of Modules Facilitates the Evolution of Functional Specialization

The evolution of simulated robots with three different architectures is studied in this article. We compare a nonmodular feed-forward network, a hardwired modular, and a duplication-based modular motor control network. We conclude that both modular architectures outperform the non-modular architecture, both in terms of rate of adaptation as well as the level of adaptation achieved. The main difference between the hardwired and duplication-based modular architectures is that in the latter the modules reached a much higher degree of functional specialization of their motor control units with regard to high-level behavioral functions. The hardwired architectures reach the same level of performance, but have a more distributed assignment of functional tasks to the motor control units. We conclude that the mechanism through which functional specialization is achieved is similar to the mechanism proposed for the evolution of duplicated genes. It is found that the duplication of multifunctional modules first leads to a change in the regulation of the module, leading to a differentiation of the functional context in which the module is used. Then the module adapts to the new functional context. After this second step the system is locked into a functionally specialized state. We suggest that functional specialization may be an evolutionary absorption state.
A radio-fingerprinting-based vehicle classification system for intelligent traffic control in smart cities

The measurement and provision of precise and up-to-date traffic-related key performance indicators is a key element and crucial factor for intelligent traffic control systems in upcoming smart cities. The street network is considered as a highly-dynamic Cyber Physical System (CPS) where measured information forms the foundation for dynamic control methods aiming to optimize the overall system state. Apart from global system parameters like traffic flow and density, specific data, such as velocity of individual vehicles as well as vehicle type information, can be leveraged for highly sophisticated traffic control methods like dynamic type-specific lane assignments. Consequently, solutions for acquiring these kinds of information are required and have to comply with strict requirements ranging from accuracy over cost-efficiency to privacy preservation. In this paper, we present a system for classifying vehicles based on their radio-fingerprint. In contrast to other approaches, the proposed system is able to provide real-time capable and precise vehicle classification as well as cost-efficient installation and maintenance, privacy preservation and weather independence. The system performance in terms of accuracy and resource-efficiency is evaluated in the field using comprehensive measurements. Using a machine learning based approach, the resulting success ratio for classifying cars and trucks is above 99%.
Flat vs. Expressive Storytelling: Young Children’s Learning and Retention of a Social Robot’s Narrative

Prior research with preschool children has established that dialogic or active book reading is an effective method for expanding young children’s vocabulary. In this exploratory study, we asked whether similar benefits are observed when a robot engages in dialogic reading with preschoolers. Given the established effectiveness of active reading, we also asked whether this effectiveness was critically dependent on the expressive characteristics of the robot. For approximately half the children, the robot’s active reading was expressive; the robot’s voice included a wide range of intonation and emotion (Expressive). For the remaining children, the robot read and conversed with a flat voice, which sounded similar to a classic text-to-speech engine and had little dynamic range (Flat). The robot’s movements were kept constant across conditions. We performed a verification study using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) to confirm that the Expressive robot was viewed as significantly more expressive, more emotional, and less passive than the Flat robot. We invited 45 preschoolers with an average age of 5 years who were either English Language Learners (ELL), bilingual, or native English speakers to engage in the reading task with the robot. The robot narrated a story from a picture book, using active reading techniques and including a set of target vocabulary words in the narration. Children were post-tested on the vocabulary words and were also asked to retell the story to a puppet. A subset of 34 children performed a second story retelling 4–6 weeks later. Children reported liking and learning from the robot a similar amount in the Expressive and Flat conditions. However, as compared to children in the Flat condition, children in the Expressive condition were more concentrated and engaged as indexed by their facial expressions; they emulated the robot’s story more in their story retells; and they told longer stories during their delayed retelling. Furthermore, children who responded to the robot’s active reading questions were more likely to correctly identify the target vocabulary words in the Expressive condition than in the Flat condition. Taken together, these results suggest that children may benefit more from the expressive robot than from the flat robot.
Building fast decision trees from large training sets

Decision trees are commonly used in supervised classification. Currently, supervised classification problems with large training sets are very common, however many supervised classifiers cannot handle this amount of data. There are some decision tree induction algorithms that are capable to process large training sets, however almost all of them have memory restrictions because they need to keep in main memory the whole training set, or a big amount of it. Moreover, algorithms that do not have memory restrictions have to choose a subset of the training set, needing extra time for this selection; or they require to specify the values for some parameters that could be very difficult to determine by the user. In this paper, we present a new fast heuristic for building decision trees from large training sets, which overcomes some of the restrictions of the state of the art algorithms, using all the instances of the training set without storing all of them in main memory. Experimental results show that our algorithm is faster than the most recent algorithms for building decision trees from large training sets.
The REFORM study protocol: a cohort randomised controlled trial of a multifaceted podiatry intervention for the prevention of falls in older people

Introduction Falls and fall-related injuries are a serious cause of morbidity and cost to society. Foot problems and inappropriate footwear may increase the risk of falls; therefore podiatric interventions may play a role in reducing falls. Two Cochrane systematic reviews identified only one study of a podiatry intervention aimed to reduce falls, which was undertaken in Australia. The REFORM trial aims to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted podiatry intervention in reducing falls in people aged 65 years and over in a UK and Irish setting. Methods and analysis This multicentre, cohort randomised controlled trial will recruit 2600 participants from routine podiatry clinics in the UK and Ireland to the REFORM cohort. In order to detect a 10% point reduction in falls from 50% to 40%, with 80% power 890 participants will be randomised to receive routine podiatry care and a falls prevention leaflet or routine podiatry care, a falls prevention leaflet and a multifaceted podiatry intervention. The primary outcome is rate of falls (falls/person/time) over 12 months assessed by patient self-report falls diary. Secondary self-report outcome measures include: the proportion of single and multiple fallers and time to first fall over a 12-month period; Short Falls Efficacy Scale—International; fear of falling in the past 4 weeks; Frenchay Activities Index; fracture rate; Geriatric Depression Scale; EuroQoL-five dimensional scale 3-L; health service utilisation at 6 and 12 months. A qualitative study will examine the acceptability of the package of care to participants and podiatrists. Ethics and dissemination The trial has received a favourable opinion from the East of England—Cambridge East Research Ethics Committee and Galway Research Ethics Committee. The trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and at conference presentations. Trial registration number Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN68240461assigned 01/07/2011.
Chinese Word Sense Disambiguation with PageRank and HowNet

Word sense disambiguation is a basic problem in natural language processing. This paper proposed an unsupervised word sense disambiguation method based PageRank and HowNet. In the method, a free text is firstly represented as a sememe graph with sememes as vertices and relatedness of sememes as weighted edges based on HowNet. Then UW-PageRank is applied on the sememe graph to score the importance of sememes. Score of each definition of one word can be computed from the score of sememes it contains. Finally, the highest scored definition is assigned to the word. This approach is tested on SENSEVAL-3 and the experimental results prove practical and effective.
Highly complex proofs and implications of such proofs

Conventional wisdom says the ideal proof should be short, simple, and elegant. However there are now examples of very long, complicated proofs, and as mathematics continues to mature, more examples are likely to appear. Such proofs raise various issues. For example it is impossible to write out a very long and complicated argument without error, so is such a ‘proof’ really a proof? What conditions make complex proofs necessary, possible, and of interest? Is the mathematics involved in dealing with information rich problems qualitatively different from more traditional mathematics?
Mesure de la performance globale des entreprises

L'engagement des entreprises dans le developpement durable consiste a conjuguer performance et responsabilite. La performance financiere ne suffit plus a apprecier la performance d'une entreprise. Des lors, les entreprises doivent mesurer leurs progres a partir d'une performance plus globale incluant, en dehors de la dimension economique, des dimensions sociale et environnementale. A present, comment mesurer cette performance globale ? Existe-il des outils de mesure globale de la performance ? Sinon comment approcher cette mesure ?
A fast method for prior probability selection based on maximum entropy principle and Gibbs sampler

One of the problems in Bayesian inference is the prior selection. We can categorize different methods for selecting prior into two main groups: informative and non-informative. Here, we have considered an informative method called filters random filed and minimax entropy (FRAME). Despite of its theoretical interest, that method introduces a huge amount of computational burden, which makes it very unsuitable for real-time applications. The main critical point of the method is its parameter estimation part, which plays a major role in its very low speed. In this paper, we have introduced a fast method for parameter estimation to fasten the FRAME approach. Although the kernel of our approach is the Gibbs sampler that intrinsically has very low speed, our proposed method has led to a proper speed.
Distributed globalization: identity, virtuality and adjacency

Networked technologies are now widespread: in workplaces, at home, and in transport, connecting providers of products and services with consumers, and linking government with the governed. The distributed nature of such technologies, their non-hierarchical structure and widespread availability, affords modes of access to information, for its creation and transmission as well as reception and consumption. The spatial and temporal constraints on patterns of communication exchange that have hitherto applied are dissolved by the availability of distributed and asynchronous modes of communication. This volume explores key facets of the consequences of the emergence of this distributed technology for organizational life. It argues that these developments have taken place at such a pace that organizational theory has not kept up to analyse and explain adequately the current applications or to explore possible future applications. This book contributes to the necessary development of organizational theory, by providing analysis and empirical studies of existing applications. The themes of distributed technology, distributed leadership, distributed identity and distributed discourse provide key elements for new modes of analysis, and potentially new vistas for the future shape of globalisation. Contents Introduction, Margaret Grieco; Why distributed discourse matters, Stewart Clegg; Relational identity and relational technology: implications for everyday life, Len Holmes and Margaret Grieco; E-communications and relational constructionism: distributed action, distributed leadership and ecological possibilities, Dian Marie Hosking; Personal dataspace and organizations: managing personal knowledge and identity, Marcus Wigan; E-collectivism: on-line action and on-line mobilization, John Hogan and Anne Marie Greene; Archiving social practice: the management of transport boycotts, Miriam Green, Margaret Grieco and Len Holmes; Changing contours, changing technology: Aboriginal participation in administration in the Northern Territory, Perry Morrison; Distributed globalization: identity, virtuality and adjacency, Stephen Little; Globalization – trash or treasure? the experience of the cancer support association of Western Australia, Peter Daale; The psychoanalysis of on-line auditing, David Crowther; Shifts in the balance of Scottish democracy: from the far side of the historical circumference towards a new information union, Paul Griffin; Changing the contours through information technology: the open management of transport, Julian Hine, Jeff Turner and Margaret Grieco; The distribution of telecom technology across the Indonesian border, Alfons van Marrewijk; Epilogue: a juxtaposition of virtual discourse communities and organizational life, Earon Kavanagh; Index.
Popular Texts in Preservice English Methods Courses

Corcoran, Bill, Mike Hayhoe and Gordon M. Pradl. (1994). Knowledge in the Making: Challenging the Text in the Classroom. Portsmouth, NH. : Boynton/Cook Publishers, Heinemann. (320 pages). DeFabio, Roseanne Y. (1994). Outcomes in Process: Setting Standards for Language Use. Portsmouth, NH. : Boynton/Cook Publishers, Heinemann. (211 pages). Freedman, Aviva and Peter Medway. (1994). Learning and Teaching Genre. Portsmouth, NH. : Boynton/Cook Publishers, Heinemann. (266 pages). Gere, Anne Ruggles, Colleen Fairbanks, Alan Howes, Laura Roop, and David Schaafsma. (1992). Language and Relection: An Integrated Approach to Teaching English. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. (304 pages). Lukens, Rebecca J. and Ruth K.J. Cline. (1995). Critical Handbook of Literature for Young Adults. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers. (210 pages). Milner, Joseph and Lucy Milner. (1993). Bridging English. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. (493 pages). Smagorinsky, Peter and Melissa Whiting. (1995). How English Teachers Get Taught: Methods of Teaching the Methods Class. Grbana, IL. : National Council of Teachers of English. (173 pages). Tchudi, Stephen and Diana Mitchell. (1989). Explorations in the Teaching of English (Third Edition). New York: Harper Collins Publishers. (430 pages). Wagner, Betty Jane and Mark Larson. (1995). Situations: A Casebook of Virtual Realities for the English Teacher. Portsmouth, NH. : Boyton/Cook Publishers, Heinemann. (281 pages).
Role of physical exercise in Alzheimer's disease

The benefits of physical exercise on the brain and general wellness are well recognised, but not particularly well known to the general public. Understanding the importance of integrating active behavior for overall health is crucial at any age and particularly for the elderly who are at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), a disease mainly affecting individuals aged >65 years. AD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular senile plaques of amyloid-β, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of the protein tau, brain atrophy and dementia. The beneficial effects of physical exercise have been observed on the maintenance of brain size and efficiency for the prevention of AD risks, such as obesity, hypertension and stroke. These effects are extended to individuals with, or at risk of dementia and other age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Accordingly, although extensive studies are required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical exercise procures beneficial effects, data suggest the relevance of integrating physical exercise in the prevention and/or cure of AD, disease whose incidence is predicted to increase in the future. Such an increase, may pose medical, social and economical challenges for populations and the health care system worldwide. In the present review we assess the positive aspects of physical exercise with regard to prevention and cure of AD.
Nine Ways of Seeing a Body

We're used to recognizing that people have different ideas of what constitutes a nation, an organisation, one's self, etc. But the human body? Surely that's a more solid and tangible thing? In fact, people in different cultures and at different times in history, have held radically different ideas about the body. Understanding these differences is an essential step for anyone trying to understand different approaches to medicine, dance, theatre, psychotherapy, sex and ecology. This book presents nine lenses through which the body is conventionally viewed: The body as object (Descartes' approach, linked to modern, Western individualism and as usually viewed by Western, allopathic medicine); the body as subject (with reference to physical theatre and the work of directors and writers like Peter Brook, Jerzy Grotowski and Eugenio Barba); the phenomenological body (the view that the body holds its own meaning - this is the idea of the 'lived' body as discussed by Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, amongst others); the somatic body (familiar to Feldenkrais, Body-Mind Centering and somatics practitioners); the contextual body (paying attention to self-reflection and self-awareness in the context of the body's surroundings - here are the beginnings of ecopsychology); and, the interdependent body (as reflected by matching, guiding and kinetic mirroring in movement work and by the growing field of kinaesthetic empathy). The environmental body (as discussed by Maturana and Varela's Santiago theory of cognition; this approach looks at incorporated habits and the effect of moving in nature); the cultural body (here there is an awareness of culturally specific, daily-life movement and close links with Csordas' view of embodiment); the ecological body (drawing on Suryodarmo's Amerta Movement, on Buddhist mindfulness and on notions of 'interbeing'. An awareness of being 'among' rather than 'at the centre of'. Dr Sandra Reeve's groundbreaking approach to the ecological body and ecological movement matches emerging developments in design thinking and ecological thinking.
A note on optimal pricing for finite capacity queueing systems with multiple customer classes

This article investigates optimal static prices for a finite capacity queueing system serving customers from different classes. We first show that the original multi‐class formulation in which the price for each class is a decision variable can be reformulated as a single dimensional problem with the total load as the decision variable. Using this alternative formulation, we prove an upper bound for the optimal arrival rates for a fairly large class of queueing systems and provide sufficient conditions that ensure the existence of a unique optimal arrival rate vector. We show that these conditions hold for M/M/1/m and M/G/s/s systems and prove structural results on the relationships between the optimal arrival rates and system capacity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Time-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging applied to biological tissue

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a functional imaging methodology that can provide information, not only concerning the localisation of specific fluorophores, but also about the local fluorophore environment. It may be implemented in scanning confocal or multi-photon microscopes, or in wide-field microscopes and endoscopes. When applied to tissue autofluorescence, it reveals intrinsic excellent contrast between different types and states of tissue. This article aims to review our recent progress in developing time-domain FLIM technology for microscopy and endoscopy and applying it to biological tissue.
Normal growth of Arabidopsis requires cytosolic invertase but not sucrose synthase

The entry of carbon from sucrose into cellular metabolism in plants can potentially be catalyzed by either sucrose synthase (SUS) or invertase (INV). These 2 routes have different implications for cellular metabolism in general and for the production of key metabolites, including the cell-wall precursor UDPglucose. To examine the importance of these 2 routes of sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), we generated mutant plants that lack 4 of the 6 isoforms of SUS. These mutants (sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 mutants) lack SUS activity in all cell types except the phloem. Surprisingly, the mutant plants are normal with respect to starch and sugar content, seed weight and lipid content, cellulose content, and cell-wall structure. Plants lacking the remaining 2 isoforms of SUS (sus5/sus6 mutants), which are expressed specifically in the phloem, have reduced amounts of callose in the sieve plates of the sieve elements. To discover whether sucrose catabolism in Arabidopsis requires INVs rather than SUSs, we further generated plants deficient in 2 closely related isoforms of neutral INV predicted to be the main cytosolic forms in the root (cinv1/cinv2 mutants). The mutant plants have severely reduced growth rates. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of carbon supply to the nonphotosynthetic cells of plants.
Brain Computer Interfacing

The human brain is the most complex physical system we know of, and we would have to understand its operation in great detail to build such a device. An immediate goal of brain- machine interface study is to provide a way for people with damaged sensory/motor functions to use their brain to control artificial devices and restore lost capabilities. By combining the latest developments in computer technology and hi-tech engineering, paralyzed persons will be able to control a motorized wheel chair, computer painter, or robotic arm by thought alone. In this era where drastic diseases are getting common it is a boon if we can develop it to its full potential. Recent technical and theoretical advances, have demonstrated the ultimate feasibility of this concept for a wide range of space- based applications. Besides the clinical purposes such an interface would find immediate applications in various technology products also.