Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Postconditioning with Calreticulin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Improves Autophagic Flux.

BACKGROUND Impaired autophagic flux contributes to cardiomyocyte death in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Restoring the impaired autophagic flux by using agents may be a promising strategy that alleviates myocardial I/R injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of exogenous calreticulin (CRT) postconditioning on impaired autophagic flux induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation (H/R) injury in H9c2 cells. METHODS Rat myocardial I/R injury model was prepared. CRT postconditionging was fulfilled by an intraperitoneal injection of CRT (0.5 mg/kg body weight) 5 minutes before reperfusion. Hemodynamics, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and Cardiac troponin T (TnT) content, and infarct size were measured. The H/R injury model of H9c2 cells was prepared. CRT postconditioning was performed by adding 25pg/ml CRT to the medium at the onset of reoxygenation. Cell death rate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed. Autophagic flux was monitored by mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus infection. The number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in cells were determined by counting the fluorescence dots. Western blot assay was used to determine the expression of autophagy-related proteins. RESULTS CRT postconditionging improved cardiac function, reduced serum LDH activity and TnT content, and limited myocardial infarct size after myocardial I/R injury in rat. H/R induced H9c2 cells injury and autophagosomes accumulation in cells. CRT postconditioning attenuated H/R-induced cell death, LDH leakage and the increase of intracellular ROS and MDA. Meanwhile, CRT postconditioning suppressed H/R-induced excessive formation of autophagosomes, as shown by a decrease of autophagosomes and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, LC3-II and Beclin1. It also improved H/R-induced impaired autophagosomes clearance, as shown by an increase of autolysosomes and the level of LAMP-2, and a decrease of the level of p62. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that CRT postconditioning reduced myocardial I/R injury. CRT postconditioning also inhibited the excessive formation of autophagosomes, promoted the clearance of autophagosomes, and resorted the autophagic flux, consequently reduced the H/R injury in H9c2 cells.
Real-world ethics in palliative care: protocol for a systematic review of the ethical challenges reported by specialist palliative care practitioners in their clinical practice

Introduction Ethical issues arise daily in the delivery of palliative care. Despite much (largely theoretical) literature, evidence from specialist palliative care practitioners (SPCPs) about real-world ethical challenges has not previously been synthesised. This evidence is crucial to inform education and training and adequately support staff. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence regarding the ethical challenges which SPCPs encounter during clinical practice. Methods and analysis We will conduct a systematic review with narrative synthesis of empirical studies that use inductive methods to describe the ethical challenges reported by SPCPs. We will search multiple databases (MEDLINE, Philosopher’s Index, EMBASE, PsycINFO, LILACS, WHOLIS, Web of Science and CINAHL) without time, language or geographical restrictions. Keywords will be developed from scoping searches, consultation with information specialists and reference to key systematic reviews in palliative care and bioethics. Reference lists of included studies will be hand-searched. 10% of retrieved titles and abstracts will be independently dual screened, as will all full text papers. Quality will be dual assessed using the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (2018). Narrative synthesis following Popay et al (2006) will be used to synthesise findings. The strength of resulting recommendations will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for qualitative evidence (GRADE-CERQual). Ethics and dissemination As this review will include only published data, no specific ethical approval is required. We anticipate that the systematic review will be of interest to palliative care practitioners of all backgrounds and educators in palliative care and medical ethics. Findings will be presented at conferences and published open access in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number CRD42018105365.
Title Quantum entanglement of fermionic local operators

In this paper we study the time evolution of (Rényi) entanglement entropies for locally excited states in four dimensional free massless fermionic field theory. Locally excited states are defined by being acted by various local operators on the ground state. Their excesses are defined by subtracting (Rényi) entanglement entropy for the ground state from those for locally excited states. They finally approach some constant if the subsystem is given by half of the total space. They have spin dependence. They can be interpreted in terms of quasi-particles.
Trends in Prescribed Central Nervous System Depressant Medications Among Adults Who Regularly Consume Alcohol: United States 1999 to 2014.

BACKGROUND Although the risks of using central nervous system depressant (CNS-D) medications with alcohol are well documented, little is known about trends in prescribed use of these medications among individuals who regularly consume alcohol (i.e., trends in "concurrent use"). We examined changes in the prevalence of prescribed CNS-D medications among individuals who drank alcohol on 52 or more occasions in the past year ("regular drinking"). CNS-D medications included sedative-hypnotics (subclassified as anxiolytics or sleep medications) and opioids. METHODS We used 8 cross-sectional cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000 to 2013-2014) from participants aged 20 and older (n = 37,709). We used log-binomial regression to examine (i) prevalence trends of prescribed CNS-D medication use, (ii) trend differences by drinking status, and (iii) correlates of CNS-D medication use. RESULTS Among those who drink regularly, the relative annual increase in prevalence of sedative-hypnotic use was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.7 to 7.9): Anxiolytic and sleep medication use increased annually by 3.7% (95% CI: 0.8 to 6.7) and 11.2% (95% CI: 6.5 to 16.0), respectively. Opioid use trends among those who drink regularly were not statistically significant but were nonlinear. Differences in CNS-D medication trends between those who drink regularly and those who drink infrequently/abstain were not statistically significant. Those who drink regularly were less likely than those who drink infrequently/abstain to use opioids (adjusted relative risk [ARR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.78) and anxiolytics (ARR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.81), but not sleep medications (ARR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.80 to 1.35). Those aged 40 and older were 2 to 5 times as likely as those aged 20 to 29 to use sedative-hypnotics. CONCLUSIONS Among those who drink regularly, the prevalence of prescribed sedative-hypnotic use increased and prescribed opioid use remained common. These trends indicate that a substantial portion of the population is at risk of alcohol-related adverse drug reactions-particularly those aged 40 and older.
The Us Dollar, the Euro, and the Yen: An Evaluation of Their Present and Future Status as International Currencies

During the entire post-World War II period the international monetary and financial system has been shaped to a significant degree by the United States of America having the status of the leading economic power. An impressive indication of this superiority is the fact that the US dollar is acting as the only currency of outstanding international importance. Despite the fact that the Deutsche mark and the Japanese yen internationally gained ground in the course of the last two decades, the US dollar was ahead by a wide margin, and the US acted as the only economy that had to a considerable degree to cope with both the beneficial and the disadvantageous effects emanating from the issuance of an international currency. The process of European integration and especially the introduction of the euro as the single currency for the 12 present member countries of the EU in 1999 may alter this clear currency hierarchy. The euro area is comparable in size to the US with respect to GDP and even exceeds the US regarding the share in world trade. Thus questions arise of whether the international monetary system will turn out to be bipolar in the long run or whether the yen can also play its part.
Characteristics and Role of Mesophilic Lactic Cultures

SUMMARY The use of lactococci is widespread and has the longest tradition in industrial mesophilic lactic cultures technology. The principal concern of the dairy industry is the reliability and stability of these cultures. This paper describes the major technologically important properties of mesophilic lactic cultures when they are used for fermentation of milk and the production of cheese. This paper includes some of the specific properties of lactococci strains which can help in making the right choice of strains, depending on the product being produced. For example, most dairy fermentation require rapid acid production, ability to produce desired changes in milk and lack of off-flavour production. Certain strains of lactococci have the ability to produce exopolysaccharides or bacteriocines thus contributing to sensory properties of dairy products. In addition, these bacteria make important contributions to proteolysis during ripening and to the development of cheese flavour.
A progesterone responsive element maps to the far upstream steroid dependent DNase hypersensitive site of chicken lysozyme chromatin.

We have investigated the influence of the 5′‐flanking region of the chicken lysozyme gene on steroid dependent gene expression. By transient transfection of lysozyme‐CAT fusion genes into the human breast cancer cell line T‐47D, a DNA element was identified which stimulates CAT expression when transfected cells are treated with progesterone. This element is distinct from a second hormone responsive element (HRE) located in the lysozyme promoter region; it activates the lysozyme and the TK promoter, irrespective of orientation and distance, and is therefore referred to as hormone responsive element on its own. The location of this newly discovered HRE between −2250 and −1815 relative to the transcriptional start site, corresponds to the position of a steroid inducible DNase I‐hypersensitive site in chromatin of oviduct cells. This observation suggests a physiological role for the upstream element. In vitro DNase I protection experiments revealed six binding sites for both progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors within the sequences of the upstream HRE. The three distal binding sites are not required for hormonal stimulation of the TK promoter, while the three proximal binding sites, which are contiguously arranged, work in a cooperative manner.
Molecular Imaging in Radiotherapy Planning for Head and Neck Tumors

Molecular imaging uses noninvasive techniques to visualize various biologic pathways and physiologic characteristics of tumors and normal tissues. In relation to radiation therapy, PET with the tracer 18F-FDG offers a unique opportunity to refine the target volume delineation in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, in turn affecting dose distribution and, it is hoped, patient outcome. Even more so, in the framework of adaptive treatment and theragnostics, whereby dose distribution is adapted in space and time over the typical course of radiotherapy, molecular imaging with PET offers an elegant research avenue to further improve the therapeutic ratio. Such implementation could be of particular interest with tracers other than 18F-FDG, such as tracers of hypoxia and proliferation.
Risk adjustment measures and outcome measures for prehospital trauma research: recommendations from the emergency medical services outcomes project (EMSOP).

OBJECTIVES The objectives were to conduct a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature for risk adjustment measures (RAMs) and outcome measures (OMs) for prehospital trauma research and to use a structured expert panel process to recommend measures for use in future emergency medical services (EMS) trauma outcomes research. METHODS A systematic literature search and review was performed identifying the published studies evaluating RAMs and OMs for prehospital injury research. An explicit structured review of all articles pertaining to each measure was conducted using the previously established methodology developed by the Canadian Physiotherapy Association ("Physical Rehabilitation Outcome Measures"). RESULTS Among the 4,885 articles reviewed, 96 RAMs and/or OMs were identified from the existing literature (January 1958 to February 2010). Only one measure, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), currently meets Level 1 quality of evidence status and a Category 1 (strong) recommendation for use in EMS trauma research. Twelve RAMs or OMs received Category 2 status (promising, but not sufficient current evidence to strongly recommend), including the motor component of GCS, simplified motor score (SMS), the simplified verbal score (SVS), the revised trauma score (RTS), the prehospital index (PHI), EMS provider judgment, the revised trauma index (RTI), the rapid acute physiology score (RAPS), the rapid emergency medicine score (REMS), the field trauma triage (FTT), the pediatric triage rule, and the out-of-hospital decision rule for pediatrics. CONCLUSIONS Using a previously published process, a structured literature review, and consensus expert panel opinion, only the GCS can currently be firmly recommended as a specific RAM or OM for prehospital trauma research (along with core measures that have already been established and published). This effort highlights the paucity of reliable, validated RAMs and OMs currently available for outcomes research in the prehospital setting and hopefully will encourage additional, methodologically sound evaluations of the promising, Category 2 RAMs and OMs, as well as the development of new measures.
Recent genetic and functional insights in autism spectrum disorder.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in genetic technologies allowed researchers to identify large numbers of candidate risk genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Both strongly penetrant rare variants and the accumulation of common variants with much weaker penetrance contribute to the cause of ASD. To identify the highly confident candidate genes, software and resources have been applied, and functional evaluation of the variants has provided further insights for ASD pathophysiology. These studies ultimately identify the molecular and circuit alteration underlying the behavioral abnormalities in ASD. In this review, we introduce the recent genetic and genomic findings and functional approaches for ASD variants providing a deeper understanding of the etiology of ASD. RECENT FINDINGS Integrated meta-analysis that recruited a larger number of ASD cases has helped to prioritize ASD candidate genes or genetic loci into highly confidence candidate genes for further investigation. Not only coding but also noncoding variants have been recently implicated to confer the risk of ASD. Functional approaches of genes or variants revealed the disruption of specific molecular pathways. Further studies combining ASD genetics and genomics with recent techniques in engineered mouse models show molecular and circuit mechanisms underlying the behavioral deficits in ASD. SUMMARY Advances in ASD genetics and the following functional studies provide significant insights into ASD pathophysiology at molecular and circuit levels.
Assessment of maternal and parent of origin effects in genetic variation of economic traits in Iranian native fowl

ABSTRACT 1. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of maternal and parent of origin effects (POE) on genetic variation of Iranian native fowl on economic traits. 2. Studied traits were body weights at birth (BW0), at eight (BW8) and 12 weeks of age (BW12), age (ASM) and weight at sexual maturity (WSM), egg number (EN) and average egg weight (AEW). 3. Several models, including additive, maternal additive genetics, permanent environmental effects and POE were compared using Wombat software. Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to identify the best model for each trait. The chance of reranking of birds between models was investigated using Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon rank test. 4. Based on the best model, direct heritability estimates for BW0, BW8, BW12, ASM, WSM, EN and AEW traits were 0.05, 0.21, 0.23, 0.30, 0.39, 0.22 and 0.38, respectively. Proportion of variance due to paternal POE for BW8 was 4% and proportion of variance due to maternal POE for BW12 was 5%. 5. Estimated maternal heritability for BW0 was 0.30 and for BW8 and BW12 were 0.00 and 0.01, respectively, which shows that maternal heritability was reduced by age. 6. Based on the results, considering POE for BW8 and BW12 and maternal genetic effects for BW0 improved the accuracy of estimations and avoid reranking of birds for these traits.
A not so happy ending: coital cephalgia resulting from an acute non-traumatic intraparenchymal haemorrhage in a female with no comorbidities

A sexual headache or coital cephalgia is a headache associated with sexual activity and is a well-recognised condition. It is usually benign, primary and self-limiting. However, occasionally sexual headaches can result from more sinister causes. Intraparenchymal and subdural haemorrhages have been reported as secondary causes of sexual headaches. We present the case of a 61-year-old woman with no comorbidities who presented acutely with a sexual headache and vision loss, and was found to have an occipital and parietal intraparenchymal haemorrhage. She was normotensive and after extensive workup was found to have no predisposing condition for her haemorrhage. The patient had an uneventful recovery with physical rehabilitation and had regular follow-ups, with no residual weakness. She was in a completely normal state of health 1 year after her event, and continued to be off any medications.
Addition of pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) in tris‐based extender improves post‐thaw quality, motion dynamics and in vivo fertility of Nili Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa

The aim of the present study was to determine the protective effects of pomegranate juice in tris‐based extender on semen parameters, computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) motion characteristics and field fertility of post‐thawed Nili Ravi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bull spermatozoa. Two consecutive ejaculates/collection from each of the five adult Nili Ravi buffalo bulls were collected with artificial vagina at 42°C for a period of 7 weeks, diluted in extender containing different concentrations of pomegranate juice (0.0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). Diluted samples were packed and frozen in 0.54 ml French straws. The addition of 10% pomegranate juice in extender significantly improved post‐thaw sperm morphology (%), motilities (CASA total motility, progressive motility (%) as well as VAP, VSL, VCL, STR, DAP, DSL) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Plasma membrane, acrosome membrane and DNA integrity were significantly higher in extender with 10% pomegranate juice than the control group (p < 0.05). Field fertility rate (60.39% vs. 46.53%) was higher (p < 0.05) in extender with 10% pomegranate juice as compared to the control. It is therefore concluded that the addition of 10% pomegranate juice in tris‐based extender improves post‐thaw semen parameters, CASA motion dynamics and field fertility in Nili Ravi buffaloes.
Different combinations of CAD/CAM materials on the biomechanical behavior of a two-piece prosthetic solution.

AIM This study evaluated the stress distribution of implant-supported prostheses, varying the different combinations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials between the hybrid abutment and the monolithic crown by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine models were designed with Rhinoceros 3D and Ansys software. Each model contained a bone block of the molar area, including an implant (IH; Ø 3.75 × 11 mm) supporting a hybrid abutment (ceramic mesostructure (MS) cemented onto a titanium [Ti] base) and a monolithic crown. The occlusal load was applied to the fossa bottom (300 N; 30 degrees). The results were analyzed using the von Mises stress for each separated prosthetic structure and microstrain for the bone tissue. RESULT Von Mises maps of the crown, ceramic MS, implant, screw, and cement layers showed a decreased stress concentration as the elastic modulus (E modulus) of the ceramic crown (CR) associated with a rigid ceramic MS decreased. No differences in bone tissue regarding microstrain were observed. CONCLUSION Implant-supported crowns present less stress concentration when a rigid abutment is associated with resilient crowns.
Evaluating the outcomes of adolescent day programs in an Australian child and adolescent mental health service

Adolescent day programs (ADPs) are an increasingly used approach to treating adolescents with mental health issues. However, there is a dearth of studies empirically examining the outcomes of adolescent day programs. This study retrospectively examined the mental health functioning of 84 adolescents, pre- and post-treatment, who in addition to their ongoing outpatient treatment had participated in an ADP during a five-year period. Their functioning was compared to matched adolescents who participated only in outpatient treatment during the same time period. Statistical and clinical examinations revealed the reported outcomes following ADP treatment were at least comparable, and sometimes significantly better, when compared to the reported outcomes following outpatient treatment excluding ADP involvement. This study, while having some methodological shortcomings, provides some evidence for the efficacy of ADPs.
Asymptotic error-rate behavior for noncoherent on-off keying in the presence of fading

This article investigates the asymptotic error-rate behavior for the noncoherent on-off keying (OOK) signaling scheme in different fading environments and at both extremes of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A transcendental equation to compute the optimum threshold level of noncoherent OOK operating over a Rician fading channel is derived. The optimum threshold level and its corresponding ratio of the mark and space error probabilities in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Rayleigh, and Rician channels are tabulated as a function of the SNR. Geist (see ibid., vol.42, p.225, 1994) has shown that mark and space errors contribute equally to the average error probability in an AWGN channel when the SNR is large with optimum threshold setting. We show that mark errors predominate when the SNR is small and/or in fading channels.