Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eecient Boolean Division and Substitution

Boolean division, and hence Boolean substitution, produces better result than algebraic division and substitution. However, due to the lack of an e cient Boolean division algorithm, Boolean substitution has rarely been used. We present an e cient Boolean division and substitution algorithm. Our technique is based on the philosophy of redundancy addition and removal. By adding multiple wires/gates in a specialized way, we tailor the philosophy onto the Boolean division and substitution problem. From the viewpoint of traditional division/substitution, our algorithm can perform substitution not only in sum-of-product form for but also in product-of-sum form. Our algorithm can also naturally take all types of don't cares into consideration. As far as substitution is concerned, we also discuss the case where we are allowed to decompose not only the dividend but also the divisor. Experiments are presented and the result is promising.
Detecting online auction inflated-reputation behaviors using Social Network Analysis

This paper studies the OnLine Auction Inflated-Reputation (OLAIR) behaviors, in which one takes advantage of the low cost of creating multiple identities to build inflated reputation for personal gains. With its nature of pseudo-identity and almost zero cost of creating multiple identities, online auction markets face a daunting task in detecting this kind of behaviors. Traditional demographic-data-based detections that focus on verifying the authenticity of information as seen in credit card transactions are less likely an option for detecting similar frauds in online environments. Coping with this difficulty, we propose an alternative perspective to detect inflated reputation behaviors by uncovering evidences of the extra resource exerted for making such premeditated manipulation. The cumulated transaction data of confirmed reputation-inflated accounts in eBay are collected to portray their corresponding transaction social networks and to calculate the related network indices. By applying social network analysis (SNA), we identify two transactional network structure measurements, k-core and core/ periphery ratio, for distinguishing the OLAIR traders from regular accounts. The power of these two indicators is validated by two approaches: statistical significance testing and incremental accuracy in the supervised neural network model. Both analyses verified that these two indicators can be used to effectively detect the OLAIR traders for fraud prevention. Contact: Prof. Wang, Jyun-Cheng Institute of Technology Management National Tsing-Hua University Taiwan Tel: 1-886-3-574-2247 Email: jcwang@mx.nthu. edu.tw
Gene expression analysis of membrane transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes in the lung of healthy and COPD subjects

This study describes for the first time the expression levels of genes encoding membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes in the lungs of ex‐smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes are key determinants of drug uptake, metabolism, and elimination for systemically administered as well as inhaled drugs, with consequent influence on clinical efficacy and patient safety. In this study, while no difference in gene expression was found between healthy and COPD subjects, we identified a significant regional difference in mRNA expression of both membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes between central and peripheral tissue in both healthy and COPD subjects. The majority of the differentially expressed genes were higher expressed in the central airways such as the transporters SLC2A1 (GLUT1), SLC28A3 (CNT3), and SLC22A4 (OCTN1) and the drug‐metabolizing enzymes GSTZ1, GSTO2, and CYP2F1. Together, this increased knowledge of local pharmacokinetics in diseased and normal lung may improve modeling of clinical outcomes of new chemical entities intended for inhalation therapy delivered to COPD patients. In addition, based on the similarities between COPD and healthy subjects regarding gene expression of membrane transporters and drug‐metabolizing enzymes, our results suggest that clinical pharmacological studies in healthy volunteers could be a valid model of COPD patients regarding drug disposition of inhaled drugs in terms of drug metabolism and drug transporters.
Maternal responses to negative emotions and child externalizing behavior: Different relations for 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐year‐olds

Funding information Jerry M. Lewis, M.D. Mental Health Research Foundation Abstract Emotional and behavioral maturity expectations increase as children transition to primary school; thus, maternal responses that support and encourage children’s expression of negative emotion may not benefit school-age children as much as preschoolers. The current study explored a change in the utility of these maternal responses among 187 families (62 5-year-olds, 75 6-year-olds, and 50 7-yearolds). Mothers reported on their responses to children’s negative emotions and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors at two time points over 1 year. Multiple group analysis within crosslagged path models revealed a positive association between nonsupportive maternal responses and later child externalizing behaviors among 5-year-olds. However, non-supportive responses were related to decreases in externalizing behaviors among the 7-year-olds. Discrepant findings between the 5and 7-year-olds may represent a developmental shift in the function of mothers’ emotion socialization practices.
Video Based Moving Object Tracking by Particle Filter

Usually, the video based object tracking deal with non-stationary image stream that changes over time. Robust and Real time moving object tracking is a problematic issue in computer vision research area. Most of the existing algorithms are able to track only in predefined and well controlled environment. Some cases, they don’t consider non-linearity problem. In our paper, we develop such a system which considers color information, distance transform (DT) based shape information and also nonlinearity. Particle filtering has been proven very successful for non-gaussian and non-linear estimation problems. We examine the difficulties of video based tracking and step by step we analyze these issues. In our first approach, we develop the color based particle filter tracker that relies on the deterministic search of window, whose color content matches a reference histogram model. A simple HSV histogram-based color model is used to develop this observation system. Secondly, we describe a new approach for moving object tracking with particle filter by shape information. The shape similarity between a template and estimated regions in the video scene is measured by their normalized cross-correlation of distance transformed images. Our observation system of particle filter is based on shape from distance transformed edge features. Template is created instantly by selecting any object from the video scene by a rectangle. Finally, in this paper we illustrate how our system is improved by using both these two cues with non linearity.
Master Physician Scheduling Problem 1

We study a real-world problem arising from the operations of a hospital service provider, which we term the master physician scheduling problem. It is a planning problem of assigning physicians’ full range of day-to-day duties (including surgery, clinics, scopes, calls, administration) to the defined time slots/shifts over a time horizon, incorporating a large number of constraints and complex physician preferences. The goals are to satisfy as many physicians’ preferences and duty requirements as possible while ensuring optimum usage of available resources. We propose mathematical programming models that represent different variants of this problem. The models were tested on a real case from the Surgery Department of a local government hospital, as well as on randomly generated problem instances. The computational results are reported together with analysis on the optimal solutions obtained. For large-scale instances that could not be solved by the exact method, we propose a heuristic algorithm to generate good solutions.
A Simple Affymetrix Ratio-transformation Method Yields Comparable Expression Level Quantifications with cDNA Data

Gene expression profiling is rapidly evolving into a powerful technique for investigating tumor malignancies. The researchers are overwhelmed with the microarray-based platforms and methods that confer them the freedom to conduct large-scale gene expression profiling measurements. Simultaneously, investigations into cross-platform integration methods have started gaining momentum due to their underlying potential to help comprehend a myriad of broad biological issues in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. However, comparing results from different platforms remains to be a challenging task as various inherent technical differences exist between the microarray platforms. In this paper, we explain a simple ratio-transformation method, which can provide some common ground for cDNA and Affymetrix platform towards cross-platform integration. The method is based on the characteristic data attributes of Affymetrix- and cDNA- platform. In the work, we considered seven childhood leukemia patients and their gene expression levels in either platform. With a dataset of 822 differentially expressed genes from both these platforms, we carried out a specific ratio-treatment to Affymetrix data, which subsequently showed an improvement in the relationship with the cDNA data.
Systems social marketing: a critical appraisal

Purpose Social marketing has gained widespread recognition as a means of motivating behaviour change in individuals for societal good. Many opinions have been shared regarding its potential to affect society or systems-wide change, leading to the macro-or systems social marketing (SSM) concepts and ideas. This paper aims to critically appraise the SSM literature, identify key features and highlight gaps for future research. Design/methodology/approach A search was conducted of peer-reviewed SSM articles published from 2000 to March 2018 inclusive. A number of online databases were mined, including but not limited to Google, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane and Medline. Key social marketing outlets (Social Marketing Quarterly and Journal of Social Marketing) were browsed manually. In total, 28 SSM articles were identified. Findings SSM adopts a dynamic systems thinking approach; it is an orientation, not a theory or model; it is multi-method; and it recognises that intervention can occur on multiple levels. Yet, greater attention should be given to the complexities of the systems context and the power structures and relations that exist between stakeholders. Significant issues also include stakeholder voice and participation, the use and reporting of theories and models, the measurement of long-term intervention outcomes and the undesirable impacts of SSM. Originality/value This paper identifies issues that need to be addressed if social marketing is to become a more system-oriented means to positively influence societal change. Implications for theoretical and practical development of the social marketing field are provided.
Are There Neurophenotypes for Asthma? Functional Brain Imaging of the Interaction between Emotion and Inflammation in Asthma

Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease noteworthy for its vulnerability to stress and emotion-induced symptom intensification. The fact that psychological stress and mood and anxiety disorders appear to increase expression of asthma symptoms suggests that neural signaling between the brain and lung at least partially modulates the inflammatory response and lung function. However, the precise nature of the neural pathways implicated in modulating asthma symptoms is unknown. Moreover, the extent to which variations in neural signaling predict different phenotypes of disease expression has not been studied. Methods and Results We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure neural signals in response to asthma-specific emotional cues, following allergen exposure, in asthmatics with a dual response to allergen challenge (significant inflammation), asthmatics with only an immediate response (minimal inflammation), and healthy controls. The anterior insular cortex was differentially activated by asthma-relevant cues, compared to general negative cues, during the development of the late phase of the dual response in asthmatics. Moreover, the degree of this differential activation predicted changes in airway inflammation. Conclusions These findings indicate that neurophenotypes for asthma may be identifiable by neural reactivity of brain circuits known to be involved in processing emotional information. Those with greater activation in the anterior insula, in response to asthma-relevant psychological stimuli, exhibit greater inflammatory signals in the lung and increased severity of disease and may reflect a subset of asthmatics most vulnerable to the development of psychopathology. This approach offers an entirely new target for potential therapeutic intervention in asthma.
Barbero's Hamiltonian derived from a generalized Hilbert-Palatini action.

Barbero recently suggested a modification of Ashtekar’s choice of canonical variables for general relativity. Although leading to a more complicated Hamiltonian constraint this modified version, in which the configuration variable still is a connection, has the advantage of being real. In this article we derive Barbero’s Hamiltonian formulation from an action, which can be considered as a generalization of the ordinary Hilbert-Palatini action. In 1986 Ashtekar presented a new pair of canonical variables for the phase spase of general relativity [1]. These variables led to a much simpler Hamiltonian constraint than that in the ADM formulation [2], but had the drawback of introducing complex variables in the phase space action—something that leads to difficulties with reality conditions which then must be imposed. A couple of years later the Lagrangian density corresponding to Ashtekar’s Hamiltonian was given independently by Samuel, and by Jacobson and Smolin [3]. That was seen simply to be the Hilbert-Palatini (HP) Lagrangian with the curvature tensor replaced by its self-dual part only. Recently Barbero pointed out that it is possible to choose a pair of canonical variables that is closely related to Ashtekars but this time real [4]. The price paid is that the simplicity of Ashtekars Hamiltonian constraint is destroyed. However, some advantages are still present with Barbero’s choice of variables. For example, they provide a real theory of gravity with a connection as configuration variable, and with the usual Gauss and vector constraint, thus fitting into the class of diffeomorphism invariant theories considered in [5] in the context of quantization. In this paper we derive Barbero’s result from an action, and since his formulation includes also that of ADM and Ashtekar via a parameter, the Lagrangian density used as starting point in this paper, also includes these cases. Hence we have found, in a sense, a generalized HP action. We now write down this action, and thereafter we will motivate that it is a good canditate for an action leading to Barbero’s formulation, which then will be explicitly derived from it: S = 1
A Teacher’s Beliefs and Practices of Using Video to Teach Speaking: A Case Study At SMA As-Salam Surakarta

In the 21st century era, the implementation of technology in the form of common digital media and resources has been applied by teachers in language teaching and learning process. One of the digital media broadly used in teaching is video. It provides many advantages to promoteand improve students' speaking skill. This study aims to investigate the teacher's beliefs and the practices of using video in teaching speaking at the Ten Grade of SMA As-Salam Surakarta. A qualitative method was employed as the design of this study. An English teacher voluntarily involved as the participant. The data were collected through in depth-interview. The findings were categorized into three majors: 1) Teacher's belief in teaching speaking using video; 2) The reflection of those beliefs in classroom practices; 3) Factors shaping the teacher's beliefs and the practices. The result showed that there is no discrepancy between the teacher's beliefs and teaching practices. This study has a contribution to the development of English foreign language teaching. Hence, it is suggested that the English teacher should highlight their beliefs in order to create effective teaching practices.
Neural Substrate of Concurrent Sound Perception: Direct Electrophysiological Recordings from Human Auditory Cortex

In everyday life, consciously or not, we are constantly disentangling the multiple auditory sources contributing to our acoustical environment. To better understand the neural mechanisms involved in concurrent sound processing, we manipulated sound onset asynchrony to induce the segregation or grouping of two concurrent sounds. Each sound consisted of amplitude-modulated tones at different carrier and modulation frequencies, allowing a cortical tagging of each sound. Electrophysiological recordings were carried out in epileptic patients with pharmacologically resistant partial epilepsy, implanted with depth electrodes in the temporal cortex. Patients were presented with the stimuli while they performed an auditory distracting task. We found that transient and steady-state evoked responses, and induced gamma oscillatory activities were enhanced in the case of onset synchrony. These effects were mainly located in the Heschl's gyrus for steady-state responses whereas they were found in the lateral superior temporal gyrus for evoked transient responses and induced gamma oscillations. They can be related to distinct neural mechanisms such as frequency selectivity and habituation. These results in the auditory cortex provide an anatomically refined description of the neurophysiological components which might be involved in the perception of concurrent sounds.
Hierarchical Region-Based Image Registration in Scale Space

This paper presents a new method for image registration for real natural scenes. The method is based on the observation that most natural scenes are actually 3-D. If the assumption of weak perspective is violated, the error in image registration induced by parallax is increased, leading artifacts or blurs in image mosaic. Our method first applies the affine-invariant point detector in scale space. After clustering feature point pairs, an initial global transformation is formed based on majority correspondence. The global transformation is evaluated in each region at certain scale determined by inliers. The global model is optimized for local registration by minimizing least square error. This method is more robust than standard image registration algorithms on images subject to uncalibrated camera motion
Performance improvement of cloud storage using a genetic algorithm based placement

Cloud storage is a massive and public accessible storage available for use on internet. Since the number of users and data access request will be massive, a good performance improvement algorithm is needed. In this work, a technique of using a smart object placement is presented. The model for cloud storage and object placement are discussed. Then, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the placement function to gain a better average access speed for any storage object. The experimental results show an obvious performance increases due to a better object placement. The result of this work can be applied to enhance performance of both private and public storage cloud.
Mismatch-Tolerant Circuit for On-Chip Measurements of Data Jitter

A new design for a mismatch-tolerant on-chip data jitter measurement circuit in 0.11-mum CMOS is experimentally verified in this paper. It utilizes a data-to-clock converter, pulse generators, and an integrator followed by a sample-&-hold. The circuit's tolerance to data-rate changes is verified using 2.5 Gbps and 2.98 Gbps PRBS signals. The jitter gain of the prototype circuit is also shown to be less sensitive to variations in the supply voltage.
Intrinsic Motivation and 21st-Century Skills in an Undergraduate Engineering Project: The Formula Student Project

The 21st century is characterized by new technological developments and a rapid pace of change, challenging the academy to educate students for a future employment market characterized by change and uncertainty. This market requires practitioners to develop a broad set of skills, so-called "21st-century skills," along with more focused practices within traditional disciplines. The present study explores the mutual relationship between intrinsic motivation and the expression of 21st-century skills among students participating in the Formula Student project – an international competition in which participants design and build a racecar while facing challenges such as independent learning, planning, and execution. We found that students’ participation in the Formula Student project enables them to practice 21st-century skills that they will need in their future workplace; this experience, in turn, helps them meet the psychological need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness which are the basis for intrinsic motivation.
Familiar and Unfamiliar Face Recognition in a

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the visual search process for familiar faces differs from that for unfamiliar faces. We used a single-target visual search task and recorded eye movements of participants during the task. We employed three different types of face familiarity: personally familiar faces (friends and teachers), famous faces, and unfamiliar faces. Participants had to search through arrays of faces for a target face. In each trial, a target face and three distractor faces were horizontally aligned and presented at the same time. In the personally familiar or famous condition, the target was a personally familiar face or a famous face, respectively, and the distractor faces were unfamiliar. In the unfamiliar condition, the target was an unfamiliar face and the distractor faces were personally familiar. The reaction times to identify the target demonstrated that the visual search for unfamiliar faces is slower than that for personally familiar faces and famous faces, but there was no significant difference between reaction times to recognize the personally familiar and the famous face targets. Additionally, the eye movement results in the unfamiliar face condition showed that an exhaustive search of the entire array occurred more frequently than a self-terminating search, but this was not true for both the personally familiar faces and famous faces conditions. These results suggest that the visual search process for familiar faces (personally familiar and famous) in a crowd differs from that for unfamiliar faces.