Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The AT&T display construction set user interface management system (UIMS)

The AT&T Display Construction Set User Interface Management System (UIMS) Joseph 1? Rotella, Amy L. Bowman, Catherine A. Wttman AT& TBell Laboratories The AT&T Display Construction Set UIMS is a software tool that can be used to build and provide interactive graphics displays. The user interface is separatedfrom the application, typically a large software systemthat performs data collection, data ,manipulation, or communicates with other external applications. Although the Display ConstructionSet usesthe X Whxiow System’”andOPEN LOOK’”*, the applicationdeveloperandthe displaybuilder do not needprogrammingknowledgeof either in order to build a system using graphical displays[l]. Before building displays, the format and types of data the application will present to the user interface are defined in the domain definition file, an ASCII representationof the data mo&l of the application. For example, the domain definition file can model a network hierarchy of switches and cities. Integer values for traffic at each switch can be aggregated together to determine the total traffic for each city. Although many applications already describe a data model in a database schema and this appears to be
Sexual behaviour among Ugandan university students: A gender perspective

Feminisation of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is an important public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial that we understand the various risk factors that shape unsafe sexual behaviours among young people in Uganda. The overall aim of this thesis was to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that have an association with risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan university students, focusing on a gender perspective. This knowledge can contribute to effective policy formulation and implementation of programs. In 2010, 1,954 students participated in a cross-sectional study and the data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used as the main analytical tool for the analysis and effect modification analysis was conducted for some of the associations. Study I found that there was an association between non-use of contraception and socio-demographic factors, relationship status, and alcohol consumption. The socio-demographic determinants that affected this association were different for males and females. Early sexual debut was found to modify the effect of this association. Study II concluded that there was an association between alcohol consumption and the experience of sexual coercion among Ugandan university students. Frequent consumption of alcohol on the occasion of sexual intercourse and poor mental health were found to have a synergistic effect with recent experience of sexual coercion. Study III demonstrated an association between self-reported poor academic performance and inconsistent condom use with a new sex partner. Females who were poor academic performers were found to be at a higher risk of inconsistent condom use compared to their male counterparts. Study IV showed that there is an association between low condom efficacy and inconsistent condom use with a new sex partner. Gender differences were observed: females with low condom efficacy were at a higher risk of inconsistent condom use, in comparison to males. Our studies concluded that the key factors that contribute towards risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan university students were socio-demographic factors, relationship status, alcohol consumption, academic performance, and condom efficacy. Unequal gender power relations in this region further aggravates the sexual risk behaviours. Therefore, we need to create a policy action environment (not merely policies) in which sexual and reproductive health rights is addressed by raising awareness among males and females. In universities this could be achieved through skill building programs such as sex education, peer counseling, and partner communication, with a special focus on women by providing them skills for negotiating condom and contraceptive use. These programs need to address the socio-cultural and gender perspectives in addition to focusing on safe sex and sexual rights. (Less)
Effects of eight weeks of physical training on physical performance and heart rate variability in children

Summary Study aim: Physically active adults have been shown to have higher heart rate variability (HRV) than less active adults, but less is known about children in this regard. In adults, training-induced changes in physical performance have been shown to be related to increase in HRV, especially in its high frequency component (HF), which is a marker of parasympathetic activity. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 8 weeks of instructed physical training would improve physical performance and cardiac autonomic function (HRV) in secondary school pupils and to examine the relationship between changes in physical performance and the function of the autonomic nervous system. Material and methods: The test group included 12 girls and 12 boys and the control group 7 girls and 7 boys. All the subjects were 13-15 years old. Physical training included warm up, circuit training, endurance training, stretching and relaxation 3 times a week for eight weeks. Endurance training intensity was 70-75% of maximal heart rate. Endurance, flexibility, speed and power were measured before and after training. The low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV were recorded in supine rest and in standing conditions before and after the eight-week period. Results: Time to exhaustion in the endurance test increased in the test group (p < 0.001), flexibility and ball throwing improved in the test group (p < 0.05), while no changes were observed in the control group. No significant changes were observed in HRV in either group. Conclusions: In conclusion, eight weeks of physical training improves physical performance in children, but it might not affect autonomic cardiac function.
The Interaction of Selection and Linkage. I. General Considerations; Heterotic Models.

HILE the theory of the genetic changes in a population due to selection is quite well understood for single loci, our theory for multiple-gene characters is in a rudimentary stage. Most of the formulations for multiple-gene characters are simply extensions of single-locus models, extensions which ignore the problem of linkage. There are, however, a few papers in which the role of linkage has been investigated for more or less special cases of selection (KIMURA 1956; LEWONTIN and KOJIMA 1960; BODMER and PARSONS 1962). The results of these investigations were sufficient to show that even for relatively simple cases (two loci, simple symmetrical selective values) linkage might have profound effects on the course of natural selection and, pari passu, natural selection may have major effects on the distribution of coupling and repulsion linkage in a population. The results of the investigations of LEWONTIN and KOJIMA (1960) of the twolocus model can be summarized as follows: (1) If the fitnesses are additive between loci (no epistasis), linkage does not effect the final equilibrium state of the population. (2) If linkage is tighter than the value demanded by the magnitude of the epistasis (the greater the epistasis the greater the value) there may be permanent linkage disequilibrium and alteration of equilibrium gene frequencies. (3) The rate of genetic change with time is affected by the tightness of the linkage. (4) In some cases stable gene frequency equilibria are possible only if linkage is tight enough. Although these conclusions were based only on two-locus model and for selective values of a fairly restricted sort, they point clearly to the importance of taking linkage into account in understanding the changes of gene frequencies in populations. In fact, some experimental results (an example of which will be given below) can be understood only if the interaction of selection and linkage is taken into account, The equations describing the interaction between selection and linkage (see below) do not usually have general literal solutions. It is for this reason that the authors cited above have restricted themselves to relatively simple cases. In view of the interesting findings of those previous papers, however, it is worthwhile to explore the subject more intensively. To do so requires the numerical rather than general literal solutions to the equations, but such numerical solutions apply, obviously, only to the particular parameter values chosen. To make such a nu-
Relationship between HLA-G gene polymorphism and the susceptibility of esophageal cancer in Kazakh and Han nationality in Xinjiang

Objective: To explore the association between polymorphism of the human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and susceptibility of esophageal carcinoma (EC) in Kazakh and Han nationality in Xinjiang. Methods: The 14 bp deletion/insertion (rs16375) and 0105N (rs41557518) of HLA-G genotyping were determined by PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively in 239 patients and 467 controls. Results: There was a 2.69-fold (Pc = 0.04, 95% CI: 1.30–5.55) increased risk of developing EC in individuals with the −14 bp/−14 bp genotype (rs16375) compared with those carrying +14 bp/+14 bp genotype in Kazakh after Bonferroni correction, there was no association of 0105N (rs41557518) both in Kazak and Han population. And there was a 2.82-fold (Pc = 0.04, 95% CI: 1.32–6.04) increased risk of developing EC in individuals with −14 bp/−14 bp and C/C genotypes compared with those who had +14 bp/+14 bp and C/C genotypes in Kazakh. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that EC is associated with polymorphism of HLA-G14 bp in Chinese Kazak population. The 14 bp deletion/insertion of HLA-G gene may play a role in EC susceptibility of Kazakh.
Novel Functional Interaction between the Plasma Membrane Ca2+ Pump 4b and the Proapoptotic Tumor Suppressor Ras-associated Factor 1 (RASSF1)*

Plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent calcium ATPases (PMCAs) are enzymatic systems implicated in the extrusion of calcium from the cell. We and others have previously identified molecular interactions between the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal end of PMCA and PDZ domain-containing proteins. These interactions suggested a new role for PMCA as a modulator of signal transduction pathways. The existence of other intracellular regions in the PMCA molecule prompted us to investigate the possible participation of other domains in interactions with different partner proteins. A two-hybrid screen of a human fetal heart cDNA library, using the region 652–840 of human PMCA4b (located in the catalytic, second intracellular loop) as bait, revealed a novel interaction between PMCA4b and the tumor suppressor RASSF1, a Ras effector protein involved in H-Ras-mediated apoptosis. Immunofluorescence co-localization, immunoprecipitation, and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments performed in mammalian cells provided further confirmation of the physical interaction between the two proteins. The interaction domain has been narrowed down to region 74–123 of RASSF1C (144–193 in RASSF1A) and 652–748 of human PMCA4b. The functionality of this interaction was demonstrated by the inhibition of the epidermal growth factor-dependent activation of the Erk pathway when PMCA4b and RASSF1 were co-expressed. This inhibition was abolished by blocking PMCA/RASSSF1 association with an excess of a green fluorescent protein fusion protein containing the region 50–123 of RASSF1C. This work describes a novel protein-protein interaction involving a domain of PMCA other than the COOH terminus. It suggests a function for PMCA4b as an organizer of macromolecular protein complexes, where PMCA4b could recruit diverse proteins through interaction with different domains. Furthermore, the functional association with RASSF1 indicates a role for PMCA4b in the modulation of Ras-mediated signaling.
Interferometric Coherence Optimization: A Comparative Study

The Interferometric coherence measures the degree of similarity or the correlation between the radar signals corresponding to complex SAR images viewed from close angles. The strong dependence of the interferometric coherence to the polarization state can consider that there is a combination of polarization to achieve maximum interferometric coherence. The methods developed in this field are based on the combination of information derived from polarimetric channels of the interferometric couple and define new projection vectors that maximize the highest possible value of coherence. In this paper we investigated two interferometric coherence optimization methods. The first one is based on the selection of the best pair of projection vectors that maximizes the coherence. The corresponding algorithm leads to an eigenvectors / eigenvalues problem, where each vector represents a scattering mechanism used for view. The second method used an identical projection vector for the two images representing a unique scattering mechanism. To evaluate this work, we used a couple of interferometric airborne polarimetric data acquired on the Tapajos in Brazil, in the P band. Results compared to classical coherence reveals that both methods give better results than single acquisition, however, the first one is the best.
Thin, Soft, Skin‐Mounted Microfluidic Networks with Capillary Bursting Valves for Chrono‐Sampling of Sweat

Systems for time sequential capture of microliter volumes of sweat released from targeted regions of the skin offer the potential to enable analysis of temporal variations in electrolyte balance and biomarker concentration throughout a period of interest. Current methods that rely on absorbent pads taped to the skin do not offer the ease of use in sweat capture needed for quantitative tracking; emerging classes of electronic wearable sweat analysis systems do not directly manage sweat‐induced fluid flows for sample isolation. Here, a thin, soft, “skin‐like” microfluidic platform is introduced that bonds to the skin to allow for collection and storage of sweat in an interconnected set of microreservoirs. Pressure induced by the sweat glands drives flow through a network of microchannels that incorporates capillary bursting valves designed to open at different pressures, for the purpose of passively guiding sweat through the system in sequential fashion. A representative device recovers 1.8 µL volumes of sweat each from 0.8 min of sweating into a set of separate microreservoirs, collected from 0.03 cm2 area of skin with approximately five glands, corresponding to a sweat rate of 0.60 µL min−1 per gland. Human studies demonstrate applications in the accurate chemical analysis of lactate, sodium, and potassium concentrations and their temporal variations.
Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection With Kurtosis-Driven Local Covariance Matrix Corruption Mitigation

Local background covariance matrix corruption due to outliers in the sample data may be one of the major causes that limit detection performance of those algorithms that detect local anomalies in hyperspectral images on the basis of the Mahalanobis distance. In this letter, an original detection scheme is presented that efficiently embeds covariance corruption mitigation. A kurtosis-based binary hypothesis test is first applied to each pixel to quickly determine the presence of outliers in the local neighborhood. Rejection of the null hypothesis triggers application of a robust-to-outlier covariance estimation technique. Results on real data exhibit good detection performance and robustness to outliers. Contrary to previous works, this is achieved without an unnecessary increase of the procedural complexity.
Pursuing the flow of information: Connectivity between bilateral premotor cortices predicts better accuracy in the phonological working memory task

Using Magnetoencephalography (MEG) we studied functional connectivity of cortical areas during phonological working memory task. Six subjects participated in the experiment and their neuronal activity was measured by a 306-channel MEG system. We used a modified version of the visual Sternberg paradigm, which required subjects to memorize 8 alphabet letters in 2s for a late recall period. We estimated functional connectivity of oscillatory regional brain activities during the encoding session for each trial of each subject using beamformer source reconstruction and Granger causality analysis. Regional brain activities were mostly found in the bilateral premotor cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 6: PMC), the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9: DLPFC), and the right frontal eye field (BA 8). Considering that the left and right PMCs participate in the functions of phonological loop (PL) and the visuospatial sketchpad (VS) in the Baddeley's model of working memory, respectively, our result suggests that subjects utilized either single function or both functions of working memory circuitry to execute the task. Interestingly, the accuracy of the task was significantly higher in the trials where the alpha band oscillatory activities in the bilateral PMCs established functional connectivity compared to those where the PMC was not working in conjunction with its counterpart. Similar relationship was found in the theta band oscillatory activities between the right PMC and the right DLPFC, however in this case the establishment of functional connectivity significantly decreased the accuracy of the task. These results suggest that sharing the memory load with both PL- and VS- type memory storage circuitries contributed to better performance in the highly-demanding cognitive task.
Seeding strategies in search‐based unit test generation

Search‐based techniques have been applied successfully to the task of generating unit tests for object‐oriented software. However, as for any meta‐heuristic search, the efficiency heavily depends on many factors; seeding, which refers to the use of previous related knowledge to help solve the testing problem at hand, is one such factor that may strongly influence this efficiency. This paper investigates different seeding strategies for unit test generation, in particular seeding of numerical and string constants derived statically and dynamically, seeding of type information and seeding of previously generated tests. To understand the effects of these seeding strategies, the results of a large empirical analysis carried out on a large collection of open‐source projects from the SF110 corpus and the Apache Commons repository are reported. These experiments show with strong statistical confidence that, even for a testing tool already able to achieve high coverage, the use of appropriate seeding strategies can further improve performance. © 2016 The Authors. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Conditions for the emergence of spatially asymmetric retrieval states in an attractor neural network

In this paper we show that during the retrieval process in a binary symmetric Hebb neural network, spatially localized states can be observed when the connectivity of the network is distance-dependent and a constraint on the activity of the network is imposed, which forces different levels of activity in the retrieval and learning states. This asymmetry in the activity during retrieval and learning is found to be a sufficient condition to observe spatially localized retrieval states. The result is confirmed analytically and by simulation.
The PYTHY Summarization System: Microsoft Research at DUC 2007

PYTHY is a trainable extractive summarization engine that learns a log-linear sentence ranking model by maximizing three metrics of sentence goodness: two of the metrics are based on ROUGE scores against model summaries and one is based on Semantic Content Unit (SCU) weights associated with sentences selected by past peers that were obtained during the Pyramid evaluations. In addition to sentences from the document set, our system considers simplified sentences for inclusion in the generated summaries. The feature weights of the model are optimized on the DUC 2005 data, with the final feature set for the submitted system being determined by ROUGE-2 scores against the DUC 2006 model summaries. For the DUC update task, the model was augmented with a novelty detection classifier.
Multitouch Interface for Audio Mixing

Audio mixing is the adjustment of relative volumes, panning and other parameters corresponding to dierent sound sources, in order to create a technically and aesthetically adequate sound sum. To do this, audio engineers employ \panpots" and faders, the standard controls in audio mixers. The design of such devices has remained practically unchanged for decades since their introduction. At the time, no usability studies seem to have been conducted on such devices, so one could question if they are really optimized for the task they are meant for. This paper proposes a new set of controls that might be used to simplify and/or improve the performance of audio mixing tasks, taking into account the spatial characteristics of modern mixing technologies such as surround and 3D audio and making use of multitouch interface technologies. A preliminary usability test has shown promising results.
Increased striatal dopamine transporter density in moderately severe old restless legs syndrome patients

Background and purpose: Dopamine dysregulation in restless legs syndrome (RLS) may be varied by the severity of RLS, which could contribute to the conflicting results from previous functional neuroimaging studies on the central dopaminergic neurotransmission of RLS. The aim of this study was to observe whether reduced striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission is associated with moderate to moderately severe RLS.
Quantitative force measurements using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy—theoretical foundations

Use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in quantitative force measurements inherently requires a theoretical framework enabling conversion of the observed deflection properties of the cantilever to an interaction force. In this paper, the theoretical foundations of using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in quantitative force measurements are examined and rigorously elucidated, with consideration being given to both ‘conservative’ and ‘dissipative’ interactions. This includes a detailed discussion of the underlying assumptions involved in such quantitative force measurements, the presentation of globally valid explicit formulae for evaluation of so-called ‘conservative’ and ‘dissipative’ forces, discussion of the origin of these forces, and analysis of the applicability of FM-AFM to quantitative force measurements in liquid.
Finding stationary brain sources in EEG data

Neurophysiological measurements obtained from e.g. EEG or fMRI are inherently non-stationary because the properties of the underlying brain processes vary over time. For example, in Brain-Computer-Interfacing (BCI), deteriorating performance (bitrate) is a common phenomenon since the parameters determined during the calibration phase can be suboptimal under the application regime, where the brain state is different, e.g. due to increased tiredness or changes in the experimental paradigm. We show that Stationary Subspace Analysis (SSA), a time series analysis method, can be used to identify the underlying stationary and non-stationary brain sources from high-dimensional EEG measurements. Restricting the BCI to the stationary sources found by SSA can significantly increase the performance. Moreover, SSA yields topographic maps corresponding to stationary- and non-stationary brain sources which reveal their spatial characteristics.