Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Support Vector Selection and Adaptation for Classification of Remote Sensing Images

Classification of nonlinearly separable data by nonlinear support vector machines is often a difficult task especially due to the necessity of a choosing a convenient kernel type. In this study, we propose a new classification method called support vector selection and adaptation (SVSA) that is applicable to both linearly and nonlinearly separable data in terms of some reference vectors generated by processing of support vectors obtained from the linear SVM. The method consists of two steps called selection and adaptation. In these two steps, once the support vectors are obtained by a linear SVM, some of them are rejected and others are selected and adapted to become the reference vectors. Classification is next carried out by using the K Nearest Neighbor Method (KNN) with the reference vectors. In the first step, all support vectors are classified by KNN with respect to the training data excluding the support vectors. The misclassified support vectors are rejected, and the remaining support vectors are chosen as the reference vectors. In the second step, the reference vectors are adapted by moving them towards to or away from the decision boundaries by the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) method. At the end of the adaptation process, the reference vectors are finalized. During classification, the class of each input vector is detected with the minimum distance rule in which the distances are calculated from the input vector to all the reference vectors. The SVSA method was experimented with some synthetic and real data, and the experimental results showed that the SVSA is competitive with the traditional SVM.
Multilocus analysis of nucleotide variation and speciation in three closely related Populus (Salicaceae) species

Historical tectonism and climate oscillations can isolate and contract the geographical distributions of many plant species, and they are even known to trigger species divergence and ultimately speciation. Here, we estimated the nucleotide variation and speciation in three closely related Populus species, Populus tremuloides, P. tremula and P. davidiana, distributed in North America and Eurasia. We analysed the sequence variation in six single‐copy nuclear loci and three chloroplast (cpDNA) fragments in 497 individuals sampled from 33 populations of these three species across their geographic distributions. These three Populus species harboured relatively high levels of nucleotide diversity and showed high levels of nucleotide differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. tremuloides diverged earlier than the other two species. The cpDNA haplotype network result clearly illustrated the dispersal route from North America to eastern Asia and then into Europe. Molecular dating results confirmed that the divergence of these three species coincided with the sundering of the Bering land bridge in the late Miocene and a rapid uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau around the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Vicariance‐driven successful allopatric speciation resulting from historical tectonism and climate oscillations most likely played roles in the formation of the disjunct distributions and divergence of these three Populus species.
The yeast integral membrane protein Apq12 potentially links membrane dynamics to assembly of nuclear pore complexes

Although the structure and function of components of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) have been the focus of many studies, relatively little is known about NPC biogenesis. In this study, we report that Apq12 is required for efficient NPC biogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Apq12 is an integral membrane protein of the nuclear envelope (NE) and endoplasmic reticulum. Cells lacking Apq12 are cold sensitive for growth, and a subset of their nucleoporins (Nups), those that are primarily components of the cytoplasmic fibrils of the NPC, mislocalize to the cytoplasm. APQ12 deletion also causes defects in NE morphology. In the absence of Apq12, most NPCs appear to be associated with the inner but not the outer nuclear membrane. Low levels of benzyl alcohol, which increases membrane fluidity, prevented Nup mislocalization and restored the proper localization of Nups that had accumulated in cytoplasmic foci upon a shift to lower temperature. Thus, Apq12p connects nuclear pore biogenesis to the dynamics of the NE.
Cochlear implants: indications in groups of patients with borderline indications. A review

Cochlear implants (CI) represent the current treatment for patients affected by profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Initially only deaf adult patients were considered to be candidates for a CI; however, the development of technology and matured experience have expanded the indications for cochlear implantation. Today, CIs are implanted in adults and children and broader indications are followed. There are, however, a number of patients who do not completely fulfill the current indications and who are potential candidates for CI. The duration of deafness and residual hearing represent prognostic indicators for CI performance; however, the candidacy of children with residual hearing and prelingually deafened adults are still under debate. Anatomical variants such as cochlear ossification, cochlear malformation and chronic otitis media represented and still represent for some surgeons a contraindication to CI. The otological experience of CI surgeons and the advent of auditory brainstem implants have changed the approach to these patients, who may still benefit from hearing rehabilitation. This paper briefly analyses and reviews the results obtained in these groups of patients, who were not, at least initially, considered to be candidates for cochlear implantation.
The exigency of benchmark and compiler drift: designing tomorrow's processors with yesterday's tools

Due to the amount of time required to design a new processor, one set of benchmark programs may be used during the design phase while another may be the standard when the design is finally delivered. Using one benchmark suite to design a processor while using a different, presumably more current, suite to evaluate its ultimate performance may lead to sub-optimal design decisions if there are large differences between the characteristics of the two suites and their respective compilers. We call this changes across time "drift". To evaluate the impact of using yesterday's benchmark and compiler technology to design tomorrow's processors, we compare common benchmarks from the SPEC 95 and SPEC 2000 benchmark suites. Our results yield three key conclusions. First, we show that the amount of drift, for common programs in successive SPEC benchmark suites, is significant. In SPEC 2000, the main memory access time is a far more significant performance bottleneck than in SPEC 95, while less significant SPEC 2000 performance bottlenecks include the L2 cache latency, the L1 I-cache size, and the number of reorder buffer entries. Second, using two different statistical techniques, we show that compiler drift is not as significant as benchmark drift. Third, we show that benchmark and compiler drift can have a significant impact on the final design decisions. Specifically, we use a one-parameter-at-a-time optimization algorithm to design two different year-2000 processors, one optimized for SPEC 95 and the other optimized for SPEC 2000, using the energy-delay product (EDP) as the optimization criterion. The results show that using SPEC 95 to design a year-2000 processor results in an 18.5% larger EDP and a 20.8% higher CPI than using the SPEC 2000 benchmarks to design the corresponding processor. Finally, we make a few recommendations to help computer architects minimize the effects of benchmark and compiler drift.
miR-150 is downregulated in osteosarcoma and suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting ROCK1

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of bone malignancy in children and adolescents. A class of molecules known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been routinely associated in the development and progression of OS. The present study was centered on the less well-known miRNA, miRNA (miR)-150, and its role in OS was investigated. The levels of miR-150 were examined in 40 tissue specimens from patients with OS and adjacent normal tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. In addition the expression levels of miR-150 were examined in three OS cell lines and a normal osteoblast cell line. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays were performed to establish the correlation between miR-150 and metastasis. The potential targets of miR-150 were theoretically predicted and one high-scoring target, Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1), was established to be a direct target using RT-qPCR and western blot analyses and Pearson's correlation analysis. The results indicated that miR-150 was downregulated in tissues from patients with OS and cell lines. Secondly, it was shown that the overexpression of miR-150 was inversely correlated with OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It was also shown that miR-150 negatively regulated the gene expression of ROCK1 in the OS cell lines. Finally, the interaction between miR-150 and ROCK1 was established and it was shown that miR-150 directly targeted ROCK1. In conclusion, miR-150 was found to be a tumor suppressor, and the suppression of miR-150 resulted in elevation in the levels of ROCK1. This interaction between miR-150 and ROCK1 may be key in the progression of OS. Furthermore, miR-150 or ROCK1 may be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of OS.
Transcriptome profiling in clinical breast cancer: From 3D culture models to prognostic signatures

Early detection has been one of the most effective strategies to control the growing cancer burden. The power of earlier detection has been demonstrated by the impact of pap‐smear, mammography, and PSA tests on cancer patient treatment and survival. These tests benefit patients independent of their genetic background or race. However, in many cases, we are still losing the battle against cancer because patients that initially presented with low‐grade disease progress rapidly to aggressive forms of the disease. As of yet, we have limited means to predict a particular patient's fate or to specifically treat subtypes of cancer. A combination of earlier detection and targeted therapy, based on information from transcriptome analysis, could be a powerful ally in this battle. The theme of this review article is to briefly summarize innovative strategies using three‐dimensional (3D) cell cultures of human mammary epithelial cells to predict clinical outcome in breast cancer. This strategy has the potential to further enhance our understanding of breast cancer biology and to contribute to the identification of biologically significant bio‐markers that are also useful drug targets. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 625–630, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Algorithm Research for Prediction of Extreme Learning Machines Based on Rough Sets

As is known, the extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm is a new learning algorithm for the single hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs). This paper combines rough sets theory with extreme learning machine and proposes a new prediction algorithm of extreme learning machines based on rough sets theory. Firstly, using the rough sets theory to do attribute reduction, and then using ELM to train and predict the new datasets. Verified by the final experimental results and data analysis we know that compared with the traditional ELM the proposed algorithm has higher prediction accuracy and better efficiency.
Nuclear factor kappaB, airway epithelium, and asthma: avenues for redox control.

A wealth of recent studies points to the importance of airway epithelial cells in the orchestration of inflammatory responses in the allergic inflamed lung. Studies also point to a role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases. This article provides a perspective on the significance of airway epithelial cells in allergic inflammation, and reviews the relevance of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB, herein. We also provide the reader with a perspective on the role that oxidants can play in lung homeostasis, and address the concept of "redox biology. " In addition, we review recent evidence that highlights potential inhibitory roles of oxidants on nuclear factor kappaB activation and inflammation, and discuss recent assays that have become available to probe the functional roles of oxidants in lung biology.
Reformulation of Global Constraints in Answer Set Programming

We show that global constraints on finite domains like all-different can be reformulated into answer set programs on which we achieve arc, bound or range consistency. These reformulations offer a number of other advantages beyond providing the power of global propagators to answer set programming. For example, they provide other constraints with access to the state of the propagator by sharing variables. Such sharing can be used to improve propagation between constraints. Experiments with these encodings demonstrate their promise.
Research on Giftedness and Gifted Education

Gifted education has a rich history and a solid if uneven research base. As policy makers and educators increasingly turn their attention to advanced students and educational excellence, the time is ripe for a dispassionate analysis of the field’s conceptual and empirical strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this special feature article is to highlight advances in theories and research related to giftedness and gifted education, note the promising areas for additional research, and propose next steps for improving the quality and utility of empirical work in this important area.
Correlation of biomechanical properties and grayscale of articular cartilage using low-field magnetic resonance imaging

Osteoarthritis is a joint disease that caused by the progression of degenerative articular cartilage tissue. The degeneration of the articular cartilage resulted in alteration of the biomechanical properties. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the most potential imaging technique to assess the condition of the articular cartilage. However, most of the previous studies of articular cartilage were performed using high-field MRI units. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the correlation between the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage and the image grayscale using low-field MRI. Cartilage specimens extracted from bovine femoral head were scanned using 0.2 T MRI to obtain the cartilage image. The MRI image was characterized based on the intensity of grayscale. Indentation test was then conducted on the specimen to characterize the cartilage biphasic properties of elastic modulus and permeability. The cartilage grayscale values were moderately correlated with cartilage biphasic elastic modulus and higher correlation was observed with the permeability. These could indicate the potential application of low-field MRI to evaluate the biomechanical properties of articular cartilage.
ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY AND CORPORATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP: THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS ON VENTURING, INNOVATION AND RENEWAL PROCESSES

Most corporate entrepreneurship studies have focused on either innovation, venturing or strategic renewal making comparison between the antecedents of all three aspects of corporate entrepreneurship difficult. Moreover, studies on corporate entrepreneurship hardly address organizational antecedents, while simultaneously managing and organizing CE and mainstream activities has been seen as a major challenge for incumbent firms. Our findings show that organizational ambidexterity has strong and differential effects on venturing, innovation and renewal. We find, for example, that innovation is affected by horizontal integration, while strategic renewal is significantly influenced by integration on top management team level.
Variable Step Size LMS Algorithm

 Abstract —Through further improvements, a new variable step size LMS adaptive filter algorithm is proposed, which based on the variable step size LMS adaptive filter algorithm of Lorentzian function. This algorithm not only solves the contradiction between the convergence rate and steady-state error, but also improves the anti-interference ability and eliminates the irrelevant noise. Therefore, it provides greater flexibility for the practical application.
Epidemiological distribution and genotype characterization of hepatitis C virus and HIV co‐infection in Wuhan, China, where the prevalence of HIV is low

Little is known about the epidemiological characteristics of HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co‐infection in cities in China with low HIV prevalence. This study evaluated the level of exposure to different risk factors associated with HCV transmission and characterized the distribution of HCV genotypes in 356 HIV‐1‐positive patients in Wuhan, central China. HIV transmission routes were distributed as follows: heterosexual contact, male‐to‐male sexual contact, intravenous drug use, blood transfusion, and unknown route. HCV antibodies were detected by a third‐generation enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. HCV‐positive plasmas were subjected to RNA extraction, RT‐PCR amplification, and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis characterized HCV subtypes and the evolutionary origin of circulating HCV strains. Ninety‐two of 356 (25.8%) patients infected with HIV were anti‐HCV‐positive. Among co‐infected patients, the predominant risk for HCV transmission was intravenous drug use (87.3%). Six HCV subtypes (1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, and 6a) were detected. HCV genotype 6a was most prevalent, occurring in 39.3% of all patients, followed by genotypes 1b (24.7%), 3b (18.0%), and 3a (9.8%). The least frequent genotypes were 1a (4.9%) and 2a (3.3%). Intravenous drug use was strongly associated with genotype 6a, and infection by blood or blood product transfusion was strongly associated with genotype 1b. Genotype 2a was detected only among those infected by male‐to‐male sexual contact. The distribution of HCV subtypes suggests that the city plays a crucial role as a hub of HCV transmission in China. Exposure to multiple risk factors associated with HCV transmission was common among patients co‐infected with HIV and HCV. J Med. Virol. 85:1712–1723, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative Verification: Formal Guarantees for Timeliness, Reliability and Performance

Computerised systems appear in almost all aspects of our daily lives, often in safety-critical scenarios such as embedded control systems in cars and aircraft or medical devices such as pacemakers and sensors. We are thus increasingly reliant on these systems working correctly, despite often operating in unpredictable or unreliable environments. Designers of such devices need ways to guarantee that they will operate in a reliable and efficient manner. Quantitative verification is a technique for analysing quantitative aspects of a system's design, such as timeliness, reliability or performance. It applies formal methods, based on a rigorous analysis of a mathematical model of the system, to automatically prove certain precisely specified properties, e.g. ``the airbag will always deploy within 20 milliseconds after a crash'' or ``the probability of both sensors failing simultaneously is less than 0.001''. The ability to formally guarantee quantitative properties of this kind is beneficial across a wide range of application domains. For example, in safety-critical systems, it may be essential to establish credible bounds on the probability with which certain failures or combinations of failures can occur. In embedded control systems, it is often important to comply with strict constraints on timing or resources. More generally, being able to derive guarantees on precisely specified levels of performance or efficiency is a valuable tool in the design of, for example, wireless networking protocols, robotic systems or power management algorithms, to name but a few. This report gives a short introduction to quantitative verification, focusing in particular on a widely used technique called model checking, and its generalisation to the analysis of quantitative aspects of a system such as timing, probabilistic behaviour or resource usage. The intended audience is industrial designers and developers of systems such as those highlighted above who could benefit from the application of quantitative verification,but lack expertise in formal verification or modelling.
Factor-1-Dependent Mechanism Expression via an IFN Regulatory TNF-Induced Endothelial VCAM-1 Anthrax Lethal Toxin Enhances

Impaired host defenses and vascular dysfunction are hallmarks of the late, antibiotic-refractory stages of systemic anthrax infection. Anthrax lethal toxin (LT), a key virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis , was previously shown to enhance VCAM-1 expression on primary human endothelial cells suggesting a causative link between dysregulated adhesion molecule expression and the poor immune response and vasculitis associated with anthrax. In this study, we report that LT ampliﬁcation of TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression is driven transcriptionally by the cooperative activation of NF- (cid:1) B and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1). LT enhancement of NF- (cid:1) B phosphorylation and nuclear translocation correlated temporally with a delayed reaccumulation of I (cid:1) B (cid:2) , while increased induction of IRF-1 was linked to STAT1 activation. LT failed to augment TNF-induced ICAM-1 or E-selectin expression, two adhesion molecules regulated by NF- (cid:1) B, but not IRF-1. These results suggest that LT can differentially modulate NF- (cid:1) B target genes and highlight the importance of IRF-1 in VCAM-1 enhancement. Altering the activity of key transcription factors involved in host response to infection may be a critical mechanism by which LT contributes to anthrax pathogenesis. The Journal of Immunology, 2008, 180: 7516–7524. and LPS stimulation VCAM-1 plays a central role in directing leukocytes to underlying infected tissue. However, abnormal or dysregulated VCAM-1 activation is linked to vasculitis and inﬂammatory disorders Vasculitis and defective host responses to infection have been linked to anthrax pathogenesis In this study, we examine the effects of LT on the transcriptional regulation of the VCAM1 gene which contains binding sites in its promoter region for NF- (cid:2) B, IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), Sp1, GATA-2, and AP-1 (23–26). We show for the ﬁrst time that LT enhances cytokine-induced activation of NF- (cid:2) B and IRF-1, and identiﬁed them as key factors in the LT-mediated enhancement of TNF-induced VCAM-1 expression. Dysregulated activation of NF- (cid:2) B and IRF-1 has been linked to many diseases and inﬂammatory disorders (27–30). These ﬁndings provide new mechanistic insight into how LT may alter immune and vascular function and contribute to the poor host response to anthrax infection.