Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of the rat olfactory epithelium after methyl bromide‐induced lesion

The olfactory epithelium and its neuronal population are known to have a substantial capacity to recover after either direct injury or damage to the olfactory nerve. However, the mechanisms underlying that capacity for recovery, and indeed the limits on the recovery process, are not well understood. The aim of this study is to describe in detail the way in which the olfactory epithelium reconstitutes after direct injury. Adult male rats were exposed to 330 ppm methyl bromide (MeBr) gas for a single 6—hour period. The exposure destroys all of the neurons and sustentacular cells in over 95% of the olfactory epithelium of food‐restricted rats and in over 90% of the epithelium in ad‐libitum‐fed rats of the same weight, yet substantial recovery of the olfactory epithelium occurs. In response to the lesion, cellular proliferation increases markedly beginning between 24 and 48 hours, peaks at 1 week, and persists at levels higher than the control level for more than 4 weeks after MeBr exposure. Even though proliferation accelerates promptly, the beginning of neuronal reconstitution is delayed; only few immature neurons are observed 3 days after the lesion, yet they reappear in large numbers by the end of the first week. The first mature neurons emerge between 7 and 14 days after lesion and increase to near normal numbers by 4–6 weeks. In association with the restoration of neuronal population, basal cell proliferation returns to control levels between 4 and 6 weeks after damage. Likewise, sustentacular cells, identifiable by anticytokeratin 18 labeling, reappear rapidly and reform a distinct lamina in the superficial aspect of the epithelium. They closely resemble their counterparts in control epithelium with regard to disposition and shape by 3 weeks after lesion and with regard to expression of olfactory‐specific cytochrome P450s by 8 weeks. Thus, most areas of the epithelium are restored to a near normal appearance and cellular composition by the end of 8 weeks, suggesting that the MeBr paradigm for lesioning epithelium offers significant advantages over techniques such as Triton X‐100 or ZnSO4 irrigation. However, not all measures of epithelial status are normal even at 8 weeks. Immature neurons remain slightly more numerous than normal at this time. Furthermore, some areas of the olfactory epithelium do not recover after MeBr lesion and are replaced by respiratory epithelium. By documenting the events and the extent of olfactory epithelial reconstitution after direct injury, the present results serve as a foundation for future studies designed to identify the mechanisms underlying epithelial recovery and the difference between areas of epithelium that reconstitute fully after lesion and those where the recovery process fails. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recession‐Proof Skills, Cities, and Resilience in Economic Downturns

We provide evidence, by combining Occupational Information Network (O*NET) data with monthly Current Population Survey data from 1990 to 2015, that occupations characterized by high cognitive and people skill requirements are less sensitive to recessions, conditional on educational attainment, industry, and individual characteristics. These results are driven by urban areas, particularly noncollege educated people in urban areas, and vary with city size. Finally, we provide the first evidence that metropolitan areas’ recovery from economic downturns depends upon initial skill composition of occupations in the area.
NIJ’s Program of Research on Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women

The Violence Against Women Act of 2005 (Public Law Number 109-162), at Title IX, Section 904(a) (codified at 42 U.S.C. § 3796gg-10 note) mandates that the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), in consultation with the U.S. Department of Justice’s Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), conduct a national baseline study on violence against American Indian and Alaska Native (AI and AN) women living in tribal communities. As a result, NIJ has developed a comprehensive research program consisting of multiple projects that will be accomplished over an extended period of time to address this much needed research. The purpose of the research program is to: examine violence against AI and AN women (including domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking, and murder) and identify factors that place AI and AN women at risk for victimization; evaluate the effectiveness of federal, state, tribal, and local responses to violence against AI and AN women; and propose recommendations to improve effectiveness of these responses.
Linking Health System Responsiveness to Political Rights and Civil Liberties

Responsiveness is a dimension of health system functioning and might be dependent upon contextual factors related to politics. Given this, we performed cross-national comparisons with the aim of investigating: 1) the associations of political factors with patients’ reports of health system responsiveness and 2) the extent to which health input and output might explain these associations. World Health Survey data were analyzed for 44 countries (n = 103 541). Main outcomes included, respectively, 8 and 7 responsiveness domains for inpatient and outpatient care. Linear multilevel regressions were used to assess the associations of politics (namely, civil liberties and political rights), socioeconomic development, health system input, and health system output (measured by maternal mortality) with responsiveness domains, adjusted for demographic factors. Political rights showed positive associations with dignity (regression coefficient = 0.086 [standard error = 0.039]), quality (0.092 [0.049]), and support (0.113 [0.048]) for inpatient care and with dignity (0.075 [0.040]), confidentiality (0.089 [0.043]), and quality (0.124 [0.053]) for outpatient care. Positive associations were observed for civil liberties as well. Health system input and output reduced observed associations. Results tentatively suggest that strengthening political rights and, to a certain extent, civil liberties might improve health system responsiveness, in part through their effect on health system input and output.
A Cyber Physical Systems Approach for Agricultural Enterprise and Sustainable Agriculture

The quantity and quality of agricultural products that become part of the food supply chain is becoming an important problem as the population is fast-increasing. Information and Communication Technology is becoming part of Agriculture organizations as farmers have had to explore innovative ways to increase production and minimize risk. The next step therefore is to network these individual systems into cyber-physical production systems integrated with smart devices in the Internet of Things. These can map the entire process electronically, from the farm's computer to the harvesting operation. Thus, these systems have the potential to substantially increase efficiency and quality. The paper proposes an architecture for the future agricultural enterprise as a complex system, addressing sustainability and adaptability towards environmental and market changes.
Directing Cinematographic Drones

Quadrotor drones equipped with high-quality cameras have rapidly raised as novel, cheap, and stable devices for filmmakers. While professional drone pilots can create aesthetically pleasing videos in short time, the smooth—and cinematographic—control of a camera drone remains challenging for most users, despite recent tools that either automate part of the process or enable the manual design of waypoints to create drone trajectories. This article moves a step further by offering high-level control of cinematographic drones for the specific task of framing dynamic targets. We propose techniques to automatically and interactively plan quadrotor drone motions in dynamic three-dimensional (3D) environments while satisfying both cinematographic and physical quadrotor constraints. We first propose the Drone Toric Space, a dedicated camera parameter space with embedded constraints, and derive some intuitive on-screen viewpoint manipulators. Second, we propose a dedicated path planning technique that ensures both that cinematographic properties can be enforced along the path and that the path is physically feasible by a quadrotor drone. At last, we build on the Drone Toric Space and the specific path planning technique to coordinate the motion of multiple drones around dynamic targets. A number of results demonstrate the interactive and automated capacities of our approaches on different use-cases.
Oral iloprost treatment in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to systemic sclerosis: a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of an oral preparation of iloprost, a prostacyclin analog, in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) secondary to systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). METHODS A multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled double-blind study was performed at university and community-based medical centers. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 50 microg of iloprost orally twice daily or an identical gelatin-coated capsule containing placebo for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included average total daily duration of RP attacks, average number of RP attacks, and RP condition scored via a standardized daily diary. RESULTS Three hundred eight patients with scleroderma (272 women, 36 men, mean age 49 years [range 18-80]) were enrolled. One hundred fifty seven were assigned to receive iloprost and 151 to receive placebo. One hundred forty-three patients in the iloprost group (91.1%) and 144 in the placebo group (95.4%) completed the 6-week treatment phase. Fifteen of these treated patients (8 iloprost, 7 placebo) failed to complete all of the followup visits. The mean reduction in the average duration of attacks from baseline to week 5-6 was 24.32 minutes in the iloprost group and 34.34 minutes in the placebo group (P = 0.569). Likewise, the mean reduction from baseline to week 5-6 in the daily frequency of attacks was 1.02 in the iloprost group and 0.83 in the placebo group (P = 0.459). The Raynaud's condition score, a patient-completed assessment of the severity of RP attacks, was reduced by 1.32 in the iloprost group and 1.00 in the placebo group (P = 0.323). The lack of significant difference between treatment groups did not change when a variety of factors, including use of other vasodilators, duration of disease, classification of scleroderma (limited versus diffuse), or number of baseline digital ulcers were taken into account. Premature withdrawal from the study due to adverse events occurred in 10 patients (6.4%) in the iloprost group and 3 (2.0%) in the placebo group (P = 0.058). CONCLUSION Oral iloprost at a dosage of 50 microg twice daily is no better than placebo for management of RP secondary to scleroderma, either during 6 weeks of treatment or during 6 weeks of posttreatment followup.
Cocaine‐induced synaptic structural modification is differentially regulated by dopamine D1 and D3 receptors‐mediated signaling pathways

Synaptic plasticity plays a critical role in cocaine addiction. The dopamine D1 and D3 receptors differentially regulate the cocaine‐induced gene expression, structural remodeling and behavioral response. However, how these two receptors coordinately mediate the ultra‐structural changes of synapses after cocaine exposure and whether these changes are behaviorally relevant are still not clear. Here, using quantitative electron microscopy, we show that D1 and D3 receptors have distinct roles in regulating cocaine‐induced ultra‐structural changes of synapses in the nucleus accumbens and caudoputamen. Pre‐treatment of cocaine‐treated mice with D3 receptor antagonist NGB2904 resulted in an increase in the ratio of total and asymmetric synapse to neuron and in the length of postsynaptic densities, compared with cocaine treatment alone. In contrast, pre‐treatment of cocaine‐treated mice with D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 caused a reduction in synapse‐to‐neuron ratio and in postsynaptic densities length. Similarly, NGB2904 and SCH23390 showed opposite/differential effects on cocaine‐induced structural plasticity, conditioned place preference and locomotor activity and signaling activation, including the activation of ERK, CREB and NR1 and the expression of c‐fos and Cdk5. Therefore, we provide direct electron microscopy evidence that dopamine D1 and D3 receptors reciprocally regulate the ultra‐structural changes of synapses following chronic exposure to cocaine. In addition, our data suggest that D1 and D3 receptors may regulate cocaine‐induced ultra‐structural changes and behavior responses by impact on structural plasticity and signaling transduction.
Quantum Energy Prediction Using Graph Kernel

Vectorial compound representation has played an important role in the recent progress in material property prediction based on machine learning methods. However, the material compounds are originally recorded in the material databases as non-vectorial graph units and space groups. The representation of compounds as handmade vectorial representations is challenging and crucial for the successful application of machine learning. In this study, we attempt to use the random walk graph kernel for material property prediction in which the kernel between graph objects can be automatically constructed from the non-vectorial graph representations in the material informatics databases. By constructing the graph representation efficiently from the raw geometric coordinate data using maximum spanning tree, our method achieves approximately the same prediction power as the conventional vectorial compound representation, and even outperforms it in situations where the number of labeled data is limited. This is well suited for the current material informatics practice where numerous potential material structures have not yet been discovered or annotated. Moreover, we demonstrate that our method maintains a flexible framework that allows the inclusion of domain knowledge, such as electromagnetism, by material scientists.
Random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis shows intraspecies differences among Xanthomonas albilineans strains

Five strains of Xanthomonas albilineans, causal agent of leaf scald disease in sugarcane from various geographical regions, were compared using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) to determine whether they could be differentiated at the DNA level. CsC1‐purified genomic DNA from these strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using arbitrary 10‐mer primers according to standard RAPD conditions and the amplification product profiles analysed by conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Although most RAPD markers were common to all five strains, unique profiles for each strain were discernible using four 10‐mer arbitrary primers individually. Reproducible DNA fingerprints indicate that RAPD analysis can be used to identify and differentiate the X. albilineans strains. This technique has the potential for use in monitoring the appearance of foreign strains of X. albilineans in various geographical regions and could be used for the construction of phylogenetic trees.
Design and Analysis of a Flux Reversal Machine With Evenly Distributed Permanent Magnets

In this paper, a flux reversal machine (FRM), which has a larger torque density and a smoother torque waveform than the conventional FRM, is introduced. The FRM has the same combinations of stator and rotor slots, winding pole pair, and permanent magnet (PM) usage as the conventional FRM, but has different PM arrangements, i.e., in the conventional FRM, a pair of PMs is mounted on the surface of each stator teeth while the PMs of the FRM introduced in this paper are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the stator. First, the origination from the conventional FRM to the proposed FRM is introduced. Then, the effects of the rotor slot number, split ratio, stator/rotor slot opening ratio, PM thickness, and pole arc on the average torque and cogging torque are investigated and analyzed, which give a reasonable prediction for maximum achievable power density and minimum possible cogging torque of the proposed FRM. Moreover, the proposed FRM is compared with a conventional FRM in terms of back electromotive force, rated torque, pulsating torque, power factor, and overload capabilities. Finally, a 12-stator-slot/17-rotor-slot FRM prototype is built to verify the theoretical analyses.
Developing Content for a mHealth Intervention to Promote Postpartum Retention in Prevention of Mother-To-Child HIV Transmission Programs and Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV: A Qualitative Study

Background Maternal attendance at postnatal clinic visits and timely diagnosis of infant HIV infection are important steps for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. We aimed to use theory-informed methods to develop text messages targeted at facilitating these steps. Methods We conducted five focus group discussions with health workers and women attending antenatal, postnatal, and PMTCT clinics to explore aspects of women's engagement in postnatal HIV care and infant testing. Discussion topics were informed by constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM) and prior empirical research. Qualitative data were coded and analyzed according to the construct of the HBM to which they related. Themes were extracted and used to draft intervention messages. We carried out two stages of further messaging development: messages were presented in a follow-up focus group in order to develop optimal phrasing in local languages. We then further refined the messages, pretested them in individual cognitive interviews with selected health workers, and finalized the messages for the intervention. Results Findings indicated that brief, personalized, caring, polite, encouraging, and educational text messages would facilitate women bringing their children to clinic after delivery, suggesting that text messages may serve as an important “cue to action. ” Participants emphasized that messages should not mention HIV due to fear of HIV testing and disclosure. Participants also noted that text messages could capitalize on women's motivation to attend clinic for childhood immunizations. Conclusions Applying a multi-stage content development approach to crafting text messages – informed by behavioral theory – resulted in message content that was consistent across different focus groups. This approach could help answer “why” and “how” text messaging may be a useful tool to support maternal and child health. We are evaluating the effect of these messages on improving postpartum PMTCT retention and infant HIV testing in a randomized trial.
Implicit active constraints for concentric tube robots based on analysis of the safe and dexterous workspace

The use of concentric tube robots has recognized advantages for accessing target lesions while conforming to certain anatomical constraints. However, their complex kinematics makes their safe telemanipulation in convoluted anatomy a challenging task. Collaborative control schemes, which guide the operator through haptic and visual feedback, can simplify this task and reduce the cognitive burden of the operator. Guaranteeing stable, collision-free robot configurations during manipulation, however, is computationally demanding and, until now, either required long periods of pre-computation time or distributed computing clusters. Furthermore, the operator is often presented with guidance paths which have to be followed approximately. This paper presents a heterogeneous (CPU/GPU) computing approach to enable rapid workspace analysis on a single computer. The method is used in a new navigation scheme that guides the robot operator towards locations of high dexterity or manipulability of the robot. Under this guidance scheme, the user can make informed decisions and maintain full control of the path planning and manipulation processes, with intuitive visual feedback on when the robot's limitations are being reached.
Effects of sampling errors on abundance estimates from virtual population analysis for walleye pollock in northern waters of Sea of Japan

Effects of sampling errors on abundance estimates from virtual population analysis (VPA) were quantified with the bootstrap method for stock of walleye pollock in the the Sea of Japan. In the bootstrap method, individual fish measurements were resampled. A total of 1000 bootstrap samples were produced for each year from 1991 to 2001. The coefficients of variation (CV) of catch at age in 2001 ranged 6.1–33.1%. The CV of an abundance estimate in 2001 ranged 9.0–35.7%. Abundance estimates of the oldest age and the latest year, which had larger CVs than the other estimates, were sensitive to sampling errors. Effects of sampling errors became smaller when the catch at age had been accumulated over a few years. Although VPA includes various types of errors, only the sampling errors have room for improvement in reality. Quantifying the effect of sampling error on VPA estimates is essential for sound and efficient stock management, and is emphasized in this study.
Local AIS data analytics for efficient operation management in Vessel Traffic Service

Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is vital for ensuring the safe and smooth maritime traffic in designated areas. With the rapid development of technologies and the extensive implementation of Automatic Identification System (AIS), a lot of data are available to support the decision-making processes in VTS. Although a lot of efforts have been made on exploring the data for various traffic management activities, few of them have been done using AIS data to facilitate the operation management in VTS. Focusing on this problem, this paper proposes an AIS data analytics framework to improve the efficiency of operation management in VTS. Through extracting the spatial-temporal data from discrete vessel kinematics status, the historical traffic analysis module is proposed, which could provide statistical information to support the planning issues in VTS. Besides, K-mean based property classification is introduced to transform the traffic data into easy-to-understand N-degree descriptions. Furthermore, to improve the ability of dealing with dynamics, a BPANN-based short-term traffic prediction module is also built. Finally, an experimental case study is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.