Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of TP53 mutations in triple negative and HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy

Background TP53 mutations are frequent in breast cancer, however their clinical relevance in terms of response to chemotherapy is controversial. Methods 450 pre-therapeutic, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded core biopsies from the phase II neoadjuvant GeparSixto trial that included HER2-positive and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were subjected to Sanger sequencing of exons 5-8 of the TP53 gene. TP53 status was correlated to response to neoadjuvant anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy with or without carboplatin and trastuzumab/lapatinib in HER2-positive and bevacizumab in TNBC. p53 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in the TNBC subgroup. Results Of 450 breast cancer samples 297 (66.0%) were TP53 mutant. Mutations were significantly more frequent in TNBC (74.8%) compared to HER2-positive cancers (55.4%, P < 0.0001). Neither mutations nor different mutation types and effects were associated with pCR neither in the whole study group nor in molecular subtypes (P > 0.05 each). Missense mutations tended to be associated with a better survival compared to all other types of mutations in TNBC (P = 0.093) and in HER2-positive cancers (P = 0.071). In TNBC, missense mutations were also linked to higher numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, P = 0.028). p53 protein overexpression was also linked with imporved survival (P = 0.019). Conclusions Our study confirms high TP53 mutation rates in TNBC and HER2-positive breast cancer. Mutations did not predict the response to an intense neoadjuvant chemotherapy in these two molecular breast cancer subtypes.
On Methods of Electing Representatives

Reprinted from Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. 44, No. 2. (Jun., 1881), pp. 141-202, with the knowledge of the Royal Statistical Society. The page numbers of the original are marked by numbers in square brackets. [Read before the Statistical Society, 12th April, 1881. ] THE election of representatives has become, in modern times, a most important part of all political and social machinery. Whenever a number of persons cannot conveniently meet together to determine how their common affairs should be managed; whether because they are too numerous, or for want of leisure, or for any other reason, they elect representatives to act for them. Thus, not only national assemblies like the House of Commons, and municipal bodies, such as town councils, school boards, and boards of guardians, but also boards of directors for joint stock companies, and committees of voluntary societies, consist either altogether or to a great extent of elected representatives. It is assumed that the electors have it in their power to elect such representatives as will be satisfactory substitutes for themselves, and will, by their deliberations and votes, yield substantially the same results as if all the electors met and deliberated and voted as a single body. But whether and how far this assumption may be realised, will depend to a great extent upon the mode in which these representatives are elected. Until within the last few years it was almost universally taken for granted that there was only one possible mode of electing representatives, viz., that now known as majority voting, according to which each elector may vote for as many candidates as there are representatives to be elected, but may only give one of his votes to the same candidate. It is called “majority voting” because whenever a sufficient number of electors to constitute a majority of the constituency agree to vote for the
Factors Affecting Survival and Cause-specific Mortality of Saiga Calves (Saiga tatarica mongolica) in Mongolia

Factors affecting juvenile survival are poorly known in the world’s most northern antelope, the endangered saiga (Saiga tatarica), yet they are fundamental for understanding what drives population change. For saiga neonates monitored in Sharga Nature Reserve, western Mongolia, during 2008–2010, male and single calves were heavier than those of female and twins, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in seasonal and annual survival rate between male and female or singletons and twins. Litter size and birth mass varied among years, and there was a negative relationship between these variables. Multiple regression models suggest that summer precipitation in previous years and spring mean temperature explained inter-annual variations in twinning rate, and mortality was highest during summer. Covariates providing the best model fit included year, litter size, and body weight, suggesting that environmental conditions influence twinning rates and body mass may play a key role in neonate survival rate in the first year. We identified 3 sources of mortality – predation by raptors, foxes (red and corsac, Vulpes vulpes and V. corsac), and lynx (Lynx lynx). Most predation was by raptors, such as golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) and cinereous vulture (Aegypius monachus). Our results point to both environmental and biotic factors affecting juvenile survival.
Potentialities of silicon nanowire forests for thermoelectric generation

Silicon is a material with very good thermoelectric properties, with regard to Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Low thermal conductivities, and hence high thermal to electrical conversion efficiencies, can be achieved in nanostructures, which are smaller than the phonon mean free path but large enough to preserve the electrical conductivity. We demonstrate that it is possible to fabricate a leg of a thermoelectric generator based on large collections of long nanowires, placed perpendicularly to the two faces of a silicon wafer. The process exploits the metal assisted etching technique which is simple, low cost, and can be easily applied to large surfaces. Copper can be deposited by electrodeposition on both faces, so that contacts can be provided, on top of the nanowires. Thermal conductivity of silicon nanowire forests with more than 107 nanowires mm−2 have been measured; the result is comparable with that achieved by several groups on devices based on few nanowires. On the basis of the measured parameters, numerical calculations of the efficiency of silicon-based thermoelectric generators are reported, and the potentialities of these devices for thermal to electrical energy conversion are shown. Criteria to improve the conversion efficiency are suggested and described.
Prediction of Essential Proteins Based on Overlapping Essential Modules

Many computational methods have been proposed to identify essential proteins by using the topological features of interactome networks. However, the precision of essential protein discovery still needs to be improved. Researches show that majority of hubs (essential proteins) in the yeast interactome network are essential due to their involvement in essential complex biological modules and hubs can be classified into two categories: date hubs and party hubs. In this study, combining with gene expression profiles, we propose a new method to predict essential proteins based on overlapping essential modules, named POEM. In POEM, the original protein interactome network is partitioned into many overlapping essential modules. The frequencies and weighted degrees of proteins in these modules are employed to decide which categories does a protein belong to? The comparative results show that POEM outperforms the classical centrality measures: Degree Centrality (DC), Information Centrality (IC), Eigenvector Centrality (EC), Subgraph Centrality (SC), Betweenness Centrality (BC), Closeness Centrality (CC), Edge Clustering Coefficient Centrality (NC), and two newly proposed essential proteins prediction methods: PeC and CoEWC. Experimental results indicate that the precision of predicting essential proteins can be improved by considering the modularity of proteins and integrating gene expression profiles with network topological features.
Amyloid (cid:1) Protein Precursor Is Phosphorylated by JNK-1 Independent of, yet Facilitated by, JNK-Interacting Protein (JIP)-1*

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is genetically linked to the processing of amyloid (cid:1) protein precursor (A (cid:1) PP). Aside from being the precursor of the amyloid (cid:1) (A (cid:1) ) found in plaques in the brains of patients with AD, little is known regarding the functional role of A (cid:1) PP. We have recently reported biochemical evidence linking A (cid:1) PP to the JNK signaling cascade by finding that JNK-interacting pro-tein-1 (JIP-1) binds A (cid:1) PP. In order to study the functional implications of this interaction we assayed the carboxyl-terminal of A (cid:1) PP for phosphorylation. We found that the threonine 668 within the A (cid:1) PP intracellular domain (AID or elsewhere AICD) is indeed phosphorylated by JNK1. We surprisingly found that although JIP-1 can facilitate this phosphorylation, it is not required for this process. We also found that JIP-1 only facilitated phosphorylation of A (cid:1) PP but not of the two other family members APLP1 (amyloid precursor-like protein 1) and APLP2. Understanding the connection between A (cid:1) PP phosphorylation and the JNK signaling pathway, which mediates cell response to stress may have important implications in understanding the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.
Having it both ways: Larry Wall, Perl and the technology and culture of the early web

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Bioavailability of lutein from a lutein-enriched egg-yolk beverage and its dried re-suspended versions

Abstract Drying a fresh lutein-enriched egg-yolk beverage would extend its shelf life, however, functional properties should not be affected. It was investigated whether consumption of a dried beverage containing lutein-enriched egg-yolk significantly increases serum lutein. One-hundred healthy young subjects participated in this 6-weeks randomized controlled study. Subjects consumed either a “plain” control beverage (n = 26), a fresh lutein-enriched egg-yolk beverage (n = 25), a dried version of this beverage (n = 25), or a beverage composed of the dried individual components of the drink (n = 24). The fresh and both dried versions of the lutein-enriched egg-yolk beverage were able to increase serum lutein levels after 6 weeks of consumption (lutein change: −38 ± 47 nmol/L, +304 ± 113 nmol/L, +148 ± 79 nmol/L and +178 ± 83 nmol/L for control, fresh, dried and combined dried group respectively; p < 0.001). No significant change in serum cholesterol level was seen in the beverages containing lutein-enriched egg-yolk compared to the control drink.
A 2.4 GS/s, Single-Channel, 31.3 dB SNDR at Nyquist, Pipeline ADC in 65 nm CMOS

This paper presents a high-speed single-channel pipeline analog-to-digital converter sampling at 2.4 GS/s. The high sample rate is achieved through the use of fast open-loop current-mode amplifiers and the early comparison scheme. The bounds on the sub-ADC sampling instance are analyzed based on sufficient settling for a decision as well as metastability. Implemented in a 65 nm general purpose CMOS technology the SNDR is above 30.1 dB in the Nyquist band, being 34.1 and 31.3 dB at low frequency and Nyquist, respectively. This shows that multi-GS/s pipeline ADCs are feasible as key building blocks in interleaved structures.
INVOLUTION IN INDONESIAN CIVILIZATION (A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF THE INDONESIAN SOCIETY SINCE INDEPENDENCE)

This paper begins with crucial inquiries about the process of Indonesian civilization growth: Why is the Indonesian self-identity different from those of its neighboring nations? Is there anything amiss in its process of self-making? How exactly did this nation come into being in relation with the roles of the actors involved in that process? The questions above will be responded with hypothetical answers through a historical review of the social and political behavior of the Indonesian society since its independence. Indonesia’s self-making process will be reviewed back from the period of its independence to see how its civilization grew in comparison to other nations around it. Is it true that the revolution of independence had disjointed this nation’s civilization growth process, or is there any other cause? In comparison with those of its neighboring nations, the Indonesia’s civilization growth is ratherinvolutive than evaluative, and this may not change at least for the foreseeable future. This paper aims to analyze it in a hypothetical review. The implication of this paper is the suggestion for Indonesian nation to be alert of the potential continuation of conflicts that may perpetuate the involution process, which can hamper Indonesia’s civilization growth.
Weight Status, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity

Healthy behaviors including limited screen time (ST), high physical activity (PA), and adequate fruits and vegetables consumption (FV) are recommended for adolescents, but it is unclear how gender, race/ethnicity, and weight status relate to these public health guidelines in diverse urban adolescents. Participants (N = 384) were recruited from three public high schools in or near New Haven, Connecticut. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Most adolescents exceeded recommended levels of ST (70.5%) and did not meet guidelines for PA (87.2%) and FV (72.6%). Only 3.5% of the sample met all three guidelines. Boys were more likely to meet guidelines for PA (p < .01), while girls were engaged in less ST (p < .001). Black, non-Latinos were less likely to meet PA guidelines (p < .05). There were no significant differences in meeting ST, PA, or FV guidelines by weight status for the overall sample or when stratified by gender or race/ethnicity. We found alarmingly low levels of healthy behaviors in normal weight and overweight/obese adolescents.
Fused Binocular Vision is Required for Development of Proper Eye Alignment in Barn Owls

Abstract The eyes of adult barn owls (Tyto alba) are virtually fixed in the head in positions that are highly consistent from one individual to the next. However, early in development the eyes are exodeviated; the eyes achieve their adult positions during the owl's second month of life. Disruption of binocular vision in baby owls leads to permanent, highly abnormal eye positions and interocular alignment. Of three owls raised with both eyelids sutured closed, two developed exotropic strabismus and one developed esotropic strabismus. Two owls reared with monocular vision developed esotropic strabismus, whereas three owls reared with fused, but optically deviated binocular vision developed normal eye positions. Thus, the alignment of the eyes in adults results from an active process that depends on fused binocular vision during early life. Extracellular microelectrode recordings from the optic tecta of strabismic owls reveal that many units retain binocular inputs from corresponding points of the two eyes: the left-eye and right-eye receptive fields of individual units are misaligned by an amount predicted by the direction and magnitude of the strabismus. These results indicate that an innately determined pattern of connections in the brain anticipates the eye positions necessary to achieve binocular fusion. The hypothesis is put forth that the powerful activation of such binocular neurons by strong, synchronous inputs from the two eyes is the signal required by the optimotor system that proper eye alignment has been attained.
High-Resolution Ocean Clutter Spectrum Estimation for Shipborne HFSWR Using Sparse-Representation-Based MUSIC

The spreading of the dominant first-order Bragg lines in shipborne high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) severely obscures the detection of the slow-moving targets and the measurement of ocean clutter. Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is an effective tool for solving the problem. It normally requires a large number of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) training samples to estimate the ocean clutter spectrum and design the filter to eliminate the ocean clutter from the test cell. However, the training samples are insufficient due to the system limitation of shipborne HFSWR, and the stationarity of training data is destroyed in the nonstationary and nonhomogeneous ocean environment, which result in decreased performance. Thus, the estimation of the ocean clutter spectrum with small training samples or even only the test cell is an important work for shipborne HFSWR. In this paper, by exploiting the intrinsic sparsity of the ocean clutter in shipborne HFSWR, the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm based on the sparse representation technique, called SR-MUSIC, is introduced to estimate the ocean clutter spectrum. The correctness of the ocean clutter sparsity and the validity of the SR-MUSIC algorithm for the high-resolution ocean clutter spectrum estimation are verified by the simulation results.
An analysis of key sectors of economic growth in Greece: A VAR testing approach

How to cite this paper: Spinthiropoulos, K. , Garefalakis, A. , Charamis, D. , Gerakis, G. , & Konstantinidis, A. (2018). An analysis of key sectors of economic growth in Greece: A VAR testing approach. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 7(4), 7-12. http://doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i4_p1 Copyright © 2018 The Authors This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
Mechanisms of altered Ca2+ signalling in transformed lymphoblastoid cells from patients with bipolar disorder.

Altered Ca2+ signalling has been reported in the platelets and lymphoblastoid cells of patients with bipolar disorder. Recent genetic studies have suggested possible pathophysiological roles for mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, both of which are essential for the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ signalling. The goal of this study was to determine molecular mechanisms of altered intracellular Ca2+ signalling in bipolar disorder. Lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from patients with bipolar I disorder (n=13) and controls (n=11). Using Ca2+ indicators, cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ responses to the following three reagents were examined: platelet-activating factor; carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial uncoupler that abolishes mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake; and thapsigargin, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor. The 10-5 M thapsigargin-induced cytosolic Ca2+ response was significantly higher in patients with bipolar disorder (p&0.05). Such difference was not seen when the effects of Ca2+ influx from outside the plasma membrane was eliminated using Ca2+-free measurement buffer. On the other hand, response to 10-7 M thapsigargin tended to be higher in patients with bipolar disorder when at the Ca2+-free conditions. CCCP-induced Ca2+ responses differed significantly between mitochondrial DNA 5178/10398 haplotypes (p=0.001) that had been previously reported to be associated with bipolar disorder. These results suggest that all components, i.e. the store-operated calcium channel (SOCC), endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, somehow contribute to the altered Ca2+ signalling in bipolar disorder.
Secretory pattern of metabolic hormones in the lactating sow

Two experiments were conducted to monitor hormonal changes during lactation in crossbred sows (Pietrain x German Landrace). Sows were fed twice daily without weighing the remaining food. Number of piglets was not standardized. Plasma concentrations of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-2, insulin (INS), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxin (FT4), non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and glucose (GLUC) were determined by RIA, EIA or enzymatically. In exp. A (n = 5 sows), blood samples were taken via permanent jugular cannula in weekly 24 h windows at 20 min intervals and additionally once daily for 6 weeks during lactation and for 3 days after weaning. In exp. B (n = 24 sows), blood was collected by needle puncture of the ear vein 2 and 1 week before parturition, the 1st and 3rd-4th week of lactation and 1 and 2 weeks after weaning. GH (0.8 ng/ml) and PRL (10.2 ng/ml) increased with onset of lactation (3.3 resp. 91.5 ng/ml), remained at high levels (2.5-2.8 resp. 39-41 ng/ml) during the 2nd and 3rd week, declined slowly thereafter and considerably after weaning to concentrations of 0.7 resp. 2.7 ng/ml. During lactation in 4 of 5 sows in exp. A, the typical episodic secretory pattern of GH and PRL was lost due to frequent suckling. Basal values, as known from non lactating sows, were not reached and number of pulses was elevated during lactation for both pituitary hormones. Insulin levels showed a high individual variation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Temperature-Dependent Impedance Characteristics of Temperature-Stable High-Speed 980-nm VCSELs

The temperature dependence of the impedance characteristics of high bit rate, highly temperature-stable 980-nm oxide-aperture vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is investigated. A small-signal equivalent circuit model is fitted to measured small-signal reflection S11 and S21 scattering parameters across a large range of operating bias currents, temperatures, and oxide-aperture diameters to extract the circuit elements, -3 dB modulation bandwidth, relaxation resonance frequency, and parasitic cutoff frequency for each particular operating condition. The parasitic cutoff frequency of our small oxide-aperture diameter VCSELs is highly temperature insensitive from room temperature up to 85 °C, and does not limit our VCSELs' maximum data transmission rate. Finally, the dependence of the impedance characteristics and modulation bandwidth of our VCSELs on the oxide-aperture diameter is analyzed at 25 °C and 85 °C. The larger capacitance is the main reason of our larger aperture VCSELs, compared with smaller aperture VCSELs, have a lower parasitic cutoff frequency.
Alendronate PLGA microspheres with high loading efficiency for dental applications

Purpose: Alendronate sodium, used systemically as a bone protective agent, proved to also be effective locally in various dental bone applications. Development of alendronate-loaded microspheres with high loading efficiency for such applications would be greatly challenged by the hydrophilicity and low MW of the drug. The aim of this study was to incorporate alendronate sodium, into poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) with high loading efficiency. Methods: Three multiple emulsion methods: water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W), water-in-oil-in-oil (W/O1/O2) and solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O1/O2) were tested. In addition to entrapment efficiency, MS were characterized for surface morphology, particle size, in vitro drug release and in vitro degradation of the polymer matrix. Alendronate microspheres with maximum drug loading and good overall in vitro performance were obtained using the W/O1/O2 emulsion technique. Results: Drug release from the microspheres exhibited a triphasic release pattern over a period of 13 days, the last fast release phase being associated with more rapid degradation of the PLGA matrix. Conclusions: Biocompatible, biodegradable PLGA microspheres incorporating alendronate sodium with high loading efficiency obtained in this study may offer promise as a delivery system for bisphosphonates in dental and probably other clinical applications.