Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fundamental Performance Limits for Multi-Stage Vehicle Routing Problems

In the stochastic and dynamic multi-stage vehicle routing problem, a set of vehicles collectively transports and services demands which require service at multiple spatially separated locations. Arrival times and service locations of individual demands are not known until the demand’s arrival, and vehicles are assumed to have infinite capacity and to travel with bounded velocity. The objective is to define real-time control policies for the vehicles to service the demands such that average demand time-in-system is minimized. Such problems arise in numerous applications, including courier services, inventory routing, and mobile sensor networks. In this paper, we provide a general lower bound on the delay performance of a class of batching policies for the dynamic multi-stage vehicle routing problem. This requires us to overcome nontrivial technical difficulties presented by the non-work-conserving nature of the system and the service of multiple (possibly infinitely many) jobs simultaneously. The single stage Dynamic Traveling Repairperson Problem was first analyzed by Bertsimas and van Ryzin (1991). We recently examined the two-stage Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem in Waisanen et al. (2006). In the current paper, we extend the Dynamic Pickup and Delivery Problem to include a single inter-vehicle relay service between the pickup and delivery stages. For this four-stage problem, we present a policy for which the corresponding multi-stage lower bound is tight as a function of the scaling parameters (up to a constant). We note that our bounds are based on sample path analysis and hence are quite general.
Use of Conservation Reserve Program Fields by Greater Sage-Grouse and Other Shrubsteppe-associated Wildlife in Washington State Final report to USDA Farm Service Agency October 2006 Prepared

BACKGROUND The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is currently the largest-scale effort to restore grassland and shrubsteppe habitat in the Columbia River Basin. Administered by the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the US Department of Agriculture, this voluntary program pays farmers to take agricultural lands out of production to achieve conservation objectives including reduced soil erosion and provision of wildlife habitat. In Washington, about 1.5 million acres (600,000 ha) of converted farmland has been planted to perennial grasses, forbs and shrubs under the CRP. Unlike CRP in the mid-west that largely occurs on land that was formerly prairie, much of the CRP in Washington occurs on land that was historically shrubsteppe. The current acreage of CRP land in eastern Washington is equal to about 10% of the state's total agricultural lands. Declines in the abundance and quality of shrubsteppe have coincided with declines in the populations of many species including greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), sage thrashers (Oreoscoptes montanus), and Brewer's sparrows (Spizella breweri). While not an ideal solution to the problem of declining native habitat, CRP has enormous potential to provide habitat for many grassland and shrubsteppe species. Despite this potential, no studies have examined use of these CRP lands by grassland and shrubsteppe-obligate wildlife in the Columbia River Basin. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between wildlife and CRP in Washington, focusing primarily on the species closely adapted to shrubsteppe habitat. Between 1992 and 1997 we captured 89 female sage-grouse and monitored their nest site selection with the aid of radio telemetry. Although more nests were in shrubsteppe than CRP during the course of this study (59% vs. 41% of 203 nests), the proportion of nests significantly increased in CRP from 31% in 1992-1994 to 50% in 1995-1997. The increase appeared to be associated with maturation of CRP fields, which was characterized by increased height and cover of the perennial grasses and invasion by big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata). The capability of CRP to successfully support nesting sage-grouse was further supported by the lack of differences in apparent success for nests placed in the two habitat types (45% success in CRP, 39% success in shrubsteppe). These observations were further supported with comparison of long-term rates of population change in sage-grouse in north-central Washington (approximately 17% of occupied area with CRP) and south-central Washington (approximately 2% of occupied area with CRP). Pre-treatment (prior to CRP) and treatment (following …
Indigenous Peoples of North America: Environmental Exposures and Reproductive Justice

Background: Indigenous American communities face disproportionate health burdens and environmental health risks compared with the average North American population. These health impacts are issues of both environmental and reproductive justice. Objectives: In this commentary, we review five indigenous communities in various stages of environmental health research and discuss the intersection of environmental health and reproductive justice issues in these communities as well as the limitations of legal recourse. Discussion: The health disparities impacting life expectancy and reproductive capabilities in indigenous communities are due to a combination of social, economic, and environmental factors. The system of federal environmental and Indian law is insufficient to protect indigenous communities from environmental contamination. Many communities are interested in developing appropriate research partnerships in order to discern the full impact of environmental contamination and prevent further damage. Conclusions: Continued research involving collaborative partnerships among scientific researchers, community members, and health care providers is needed to determine the impacts of this contamination and to develop approaches for remediation and policy interventions.
A wavelet representation evaluation for stop-consonants classification

Regarding Short Time Fourier Transform based methods, stop-consonants representation could be improved using the wavelet transform. After presenting our framework, we describe the wavelet parameterization and the classification method. Stop consonants are represented with pseudo-cepstral wavelet based parameters computed on a single-burst-neighbourhood-20 ms frame. Non-parametric nearest neighbours method is used. Evaluation is speaker-in dependent; 1593 stop-consonants extracted from T1MIT database are evaluated. Results are described and discussed comparatively to MFCC's (Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients). It appears that, in our field of research, wavelet gives equivalent classification percentages. The first thing which was pointed out, is the necessity to build an elaborated-wavelet-based-representation to get significant improvements.
Active Mobile Robot Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Information theory is combined with the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) for mobile robot simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The new version of SLAM is termed active SLAM. This paper addresses the problem of maximizing the accuracy of the building map during active exploration by adaptively selecting control actions that maximize localization accuracy. The map information is maximized by simultaneously maximizing the expected mutual information gain on the 3D occupancy grid map minimizing the uncertainty of the robot pose and map landmarks uncertainty in the SLAM process. Monocular vision mounted on the robot tracks Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature. The matching for multi-dimension SIFT features is implemented with a KD-Tree in the time cost of O(log2N). Experiment results on Pioneer robot in a real indoor environment show the practicality and efficiency of our proposed method.
Conversation Acts, Interactional Structure, and Conversational Outcomes

In this paper I will describe some work towards developing a reliable coding scheme for the purpose of representing relationships between moves in dialogues. The purpose of this coding scheme is to represent the interactional structure of negotiation discourse, particularly negotiations in which multiple points of negotiation are managed at once, so that it is possible to study correspondences between this structure and patterns of anaphora and referring expressions. I will discuss the results of an inter-coder reliability test which indicates that within one week totally inexperienced coders can make considerable progress towards learning how to apply this coding scheme consistently.
The Co-Movements of the Regional Stock Markets and Some Implications on Risk Diversification

: As risk diversification is the main concern for most investors, they tend to look into the possibility of broadening their investment activities across the countries or creating a region-based investment policy. This requires the understanding of regional and global linkages of stock markets. Specifically, this study makes an attempt to re-examine the co-movements among the Malaysian, Indian and Chinese equity markets. This study also includes the stock market linkages between Malaysia and the developed markets (the US and the UK) for a more meaningful argument with regard to the importance of market linkages among Malaysia, India and China. Statistical testing includes Johansen multivariate cointegration, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to a five-variable model, followed by Granger causality test. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship among the regional markets. Malaysia and India Granger cause each other, however, this study is unable to detect China s role in the regional market. In fact, in the Asian context, shocks in one country seem to have an effect in other countries for a very short period. Finally, the US market is still the main influential factor in the Asian markets.
Human Infants and Baboons Show the Same Pattern of Handedness for a Communicative Gesture

To test the role of gestures in the origin of language, we studied hand preferences for grasping or pointing to objects at several spatial positions in human infants and adult baboons. If the roots of language are indeed in gestural communication, we expect that human infants and baboons will present a comparable difference in their pattern of laterality according to task: both should be more right-hand/left-hemisphere specialized when communicating by pointing than when simply grasping objects. Our study is the first to test both human infants and baboons on the same communicative task. Our results show remarkable convergence in the distribution of the two species' hand biases on the two kinds of tasks: In both human infants and baboons, right-hand preference was significantly stronger for the communicative task than for grasping objects. Our findings support the hypothesis that left-lateralized language may be derived from a gestural communication system that was present in the common ancestor of baboons and humans.
Watermarking electronic text documents containing justified paragraphs and irregular line spacing

In this paper, we propose a new method for watermarking electronic text documents that contain justified paragraphs and irregular line spacing. The proposed method uses a spread-spectrum technique to combat the effects of irregular word or line spacing. It also uses a BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem) error coding technique to protect the payload from the noise resulting from the printing and scanning process. Watermark embedding in a justified paragraph is achieved by slightly increasing or decreasing the spaces between words according to the value of the corresponding watermark bit. Similarly, watermark embedding in a text document with variable line spacing is achieved by slightly increasing or decreasing the distance between any two adjacent lines according to the value of the watermark bit. Detecting the watermark is achieved by measuring the spaces between the words or the lines and correlating them with the spreading sequence. In this paper, we present an implementation of the proposed algorithm and discuss its simulation results.
PIK3CA Mutations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Korea

Purpose Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/AKT pathway plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mutant PIK3CA, encoding the p110a catalytic subunit, stimulates the AKT pathway and promotes cell growth in various cancers. PIK3CA mutation rate has been usually reported as low frequency (<5%) in HCC except one report from Korea with 35.6%. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of PIK3CA mutations in Korean HCC patients. Materials and Methods We sequenced exons1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 19 and 20 of PIK3CA in 268 HCC tumor tissue samples by Sanger method and pyrosequencing assay. Results In this study, the mutations were not detected in exons3, 6, 8, and 19, and detected 1 at unknown SNP in exon1 and exon4, 2 at unknown SNP in exon7, 2 at unknown SNP in exon20. However, 1 at unknown SNP, 1 at G1635T and surprisingly all samples at A1634Cin exon9 were detected by Sanger method. Additional experiments with normal tissue, cloning experiments and a pyrosequencing assay revealed that the double peak at A1634C of exon9 is a pseudogene, not true mutation. The mutations found in this study were all different and small numbers, therefore, we cannot conclude specific relationship between clinical characteristics of HCC and mutation of PIK3CA. Conclusion Our study suggests that the rate of PIK3CA mutation in the Korea population is in fact similar to the rates seen elsewhere in the world.
DNS usage mining and its two applications

The principal goal of DNS usage mining is the discovery and analysis of patterns in the query behavior of DNS users. In this paper, we develop a unified framework for DNS usage mining based on Clustering analysis of co-occurrence data derived from DNS server query data. Through transforming the raw query data into co-occurrence matrix, user transaction clustering can be applied to discover the user groups according to their similar query behaviors. Using the aggregate usage profile that represents a user cluster and suitable similarity measure, a specific approach for a domain name recommendation engine is shown. For identifying the latent purpose of a domain name, Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) is used, which can automatically discover hidden semantic relationships between users and domain names. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches through experiments performed on real-world data sets.
A form-based approach for database analysis and design

ost organizations use business forms to conduct daily operations and to communicate internally and externally with customers, suppliers, government agencies, and other entities. Traditionally, paper forms have been used and stored with obvious disadvantages of high retrieval and storage cost. With advances in computing technology, electronic forms have begun to supplant their paper counterparts. A number of form management systems have been developed [7, 11, 12, 18, 191. Typically, these systems are closely integrated with a
Text Summarization Based on Sentence Selection with Semantic Representation

Text summarization is of great importance to solve information overload. Salience and coverage are two most important issues for summaries. Most existing models extract summaries by selecting the top sentences with highest scores without using the relationships between sentences, and usually represent the sentences simply basing on lexical or statistical features. As a result, those models can not achieve salience or coverage very well. In this paper, we propose a novel summarization model called Sentence Selection with Semantic Representation (SSSR). SSSR ensures both salience and coverage by learning semantic representations for sentences and applying a well-designed selection strategy to select summary sentences. The selection strategy used in SSSR is to select sentences that can reconstruct the original document with least distortion by means of linear combination. Besides, we improve our selection strategy by reducing redundant information. Then we learn two semantic representations for sentences: (1) weighted mean of word embeddings, (2) deep coding. Both of them are semantic and compact, and can capture similarities between sentences. Extensive experiments on datasets DUC2006 and DUC2007 validate our model.
Increased detection of structural templates using alignments of designed sequences

Protein structure prediction by comparative modeling benefits greatly from the use of multiple sequence alignment information to improve the accuracy of structural template identification and the alignment of target sequences to structural templates. Unfortunately, this benefit is limited to those protein sequences for which at least several natural sequence homologues exist. We show here that the use of large diverse alignments of computationally designed protein sequences confers many of the same benefits as natural sequences in identifying structural templates for comparative modeling targets. A large‐scale massively parallelized application of an all‐atom protein design algorithm, including a simple model of peptide backbone flexibility, has allowed us to generate 500 diverse, non‐native, high‐quality sequences for each of 264 protein structures in our test set. PSI‐BLAST searches using the sequence profiles generated from the designed sequences (“reverse” BLAST searches) give near‐perfect accuracy in identifying true structural homologues of the parent structure, with 54% coverage. In 41 of 49 genomes scanned using reverse BLAST searches, at least one novel structural template (not found by the standard method of PSI‐BLAST against PDB) is identified. Further improvements in coverage, through optimizing the scoring function used to design sequences and continued application to new protein structures beyond the test set, will allow this method to mature into a useful strategy for identifying distantly related structural templates. Proteins 2003;51:390–396. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The imperfect sample points of interpolation based on B-spline suface reconstruction

A novel B-spline surface interpolation algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed to solve surface optimization problem. The core of this paper is that studying the effect of missing sample point data about B-spline surfaces interpolation. First, given sample points are used to interpolate B-spline surfaces, and then after removing some sample points, the remaining sample points are applied to generate a new B-spline surface. Finally, the image and error in previous process are analyzed.
DPJF - Design Pattern Detection with High Accuracy

Automated design pattern detection (DPD) is a challenging reengineering task. The detection quality (precision and recall) of DPD tools has so far been insufficient to make DPD integral part of current IDEs and development practices. In this paper, we present a novel approach and a related tool, DPJF. For all implemented pattern detectors and all projects used for evaluation, DPJF achieves 100% precision and the best recall of all evaluated tools. Still, its analysis speed competes with the fastest existing tools. The high detection quality is achieved by a well-balanced combination of structural and behavioural analysis techniques whereas the good performance is achieved by emprically validated simplifications of the individual techniques. Our results lay the basis for routine application of DPD in program comprehension and let DPJF pioneer novel uses of DPD for software quality assesment and improvement.
Glial responses, neuron death and lesion resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage in young vs. aged rats

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) usually affects older humans but almost no experimental studies have assessed aged animals. We address how aging alters inflammation, neuron death and lesion resolution after a hemorrhage in the rat striatum. In the normal aged brain, microglia displayed a ‘dystrophic’ phenotype, with shorter cellular processes and large gaps between adjacent cells, and there was more astrocyte reactivity. The ICH injury was monitored as hematoma volume and number of dying neurons at 1 and 3 days, and the volume of the residual lesion, ventricles and lost tissue at 28 days. Inflammation at 1 and 3 days was assessed from densities of microglia with resting vs. activated morphologies, or expressing the lysosomal marker ED1. Despite an initial delay in neuron death in aged animals, by 28 days, there was no difference in neuron density or volume of tissue lost. However, lesion resolution was impaired in aged animals and there was less compensatory ventricular expansion. At 1 day after ICH, there were fewer activated microglia/macrophages in the aged brain, but by 3 days there were more of these cells at the edge of the hematoma and in the surrounding parenchyma. In both age groups a glial limitans had developed by 3 days, but astrocyte reactivity and the spread of activated microglia/macrophages into the surrounding parenchyma was greater in the aged. These findings have important implications for efforts to reduce secondary injury after ICH and to develop anti‐inflammatory therapies to treat ICH in aged humans.
Self-adaptation of parameters in a learning classifier system ensemble machine

Self-adaptation of parameters in a learning classifier system ensemble machine Self-adaptation is a key feature of evolutionary algorithms (EAs). Although EAs have been used successfully to solve a wide variety of problems, the performance of this technique depends heavily on the selection of the EA parameters. Moreover, the process of setting such parameters is considered a time-consuming task. Several research works have tried to deal with this problem; however, the construction of algorithms letting the parameters adapt themselves to the problem is a critical and open problem of EAs. This work proposes a novel ensemble machine learning method that is able to learn rules, solve problems in a parallel way and adapt parameters used by its components. A self-adaptive ensemble machine consists of simultaneously working extended classifier systems (XCSs). The proposed ensemble machine may be treated as a meta classifier system. A new self-adaptive XCS-based ensemble machine was compared with two other XCS-based ensembles in relation to one-step binary problems: Multiplexer, One Counts, Hidden Parity, and randomly generated Boolean functions, in a noisy version as well. Results of the experiments have shown the ability of the model to adapt the mutation rate and the tournament size. The results are analyzed in detail.
Vision-based Presentation Modeling of Web Applications: A Reverse Engineering Approach

Presentation modeling, which captures the layout of an HTML page, is a very important aspect of modeling Web Applications (WAs). However, presentation modeling is often neglected during forward engineering of Web Applications; therefore, most of these applications are poorly modeled or not modeled at all. This paper discusses the design, implementation, and evaluation of a reverse engineering tool that extracts and builds appropriate UML presentation model of existing Web Applications. The tool consists of three steps. First, we identify and extract visual blocks and presentation elements of an HTML page such as navigation bars, header sections, text input, etc. In this step, we adopt the VIPS algorithm, which divides an HTML into semantically coherent blocks. Second, the identified presentation elements in step one are mapped to the most appropriate UML presentation model elements. Third, the resulting presentation model is made available in Magicdraw for manipulation. Our approach is applied and evaluated in the Goalzz home page.