Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Calibration of a numerical model for heat transfer and fluid flow in an extruder

This paper discusses experiments performed in order to validate simulations on a fused deposition modelling (FDM) extruder. The nozzle has been simulated in terms of heat transfer and fluid flow. In order to calibrate and validate these simulations, experiments were performed giving a significant look into the physical behaviour of the nozzle, heating and cooling systems. Experiments on the model were performed at different sub-mm diameters of the extruder. Physical parameters of the model - especially temperature-dependent parameters - were set into analytical relationships in order to receive dynamical parameters. This research sets the foundation for further research within melted extrusion based additive manufacturing. The heating process of the extruder will be described and a note on the material feeding will be given.
Violence in Schools: Multiple Realities

La violence a l'ecole devient un sujet de plus en plus controverse. Les parents et les medias affirment que les educateurs et les educatrices minimisent volontairement la veritable nature et l'etendue du probleme. D'autre part, les educateurs et les educatrices accusent les medias de mettre en evidence des cas isoles afin d'alimenter une certaine hysterie publique. Malheureusement, les donnees en faveur des deux points de vue proviennent de sources secondaires (par ex., les enseignants et les enseignantes, les politiciens et les politiciennes, les medias, la police) et non des eleves eux-memes ou elles-memes. Cet expose met en relief les resultats importants d'une etude albertaine dont le but principal consistait a decouvrir les perceptions des eleves du niveau secondaire premier cycle, des administrateurs et des administratrices relatives a la gestion d'incidents violents dans leurs ecoles. Les donnees proviennent des reponses a un questionnaire de 231 eleves (a partir de la septieme jusqu'a la neuvieme annees) et de 27 administrateurs et administratices dans cinq ecoles differentes representant les juridictions scolaires publiques et separees. Les eleves devaient indiquer: (a) leur degre de satisfaction du traitement par l'ecole des victimes et des auteur(e)s de la violence, (b) leur degre de perception concernant les problemes que posent certains comportments dans leur ecole et, (c) dans quelles circonstances rapporteraient-ils ou elles les actes de violence dont ils ou elles seraient temoins. L'etude demontre que les eleves consciemment, ne signalent pas les incidents violents par peur de represailles, par une croyance que de tels comportements sont normaux et, par une insatisfaction vis-a-vis la maniere de regler le cas des victimes et des auteur(e)s de violence par le personnel de l'ecole.
Existing Data Analysis in Pediatric Critical Care Research

Our objectives were to review and categorize the existing data sources that are important to pediatric critical care medicine (PCCM) investigators and the types of questions that have been or could be studied with each data source. We conducted a narrative review of the medical literature, categorized the data sources available to PCCM investigators, and created an online data source registry. We found that many data sources are available for research in PCCM. To date, PCCM investigators have most often relied on pediatric critical care registries and treatment- or disease-specific registries. The available data sources vary widely in the level of clinical detail and the types of questions they can reliably answer. Linkage of data sources can expand the types of questions that a data source can be used to study. Careful matching of the scientific question to the best available data source or linked data sources is necessary. In addition, rigorous application of the best available analysis techniques and reporting consistent with observational research standards will maximize the quality of research using existing data in PCCM.
Fluid Simulation with Two-Way Interaction Rigid Body Using a Heterogeneous GPU and CPU Environment

Simulation of natural phenomena, such as water and smoke, is a very important topic to increase real time scene realism in video-games. Besides the graphical aspect, in order to achieve realism, it is necessary to correctly simulate and solve its complex governing equations, requiring an intense computational work.Fluid simulation is achieved by solving the Navier-Stokes set of equations, using a numerical method in CPU or GPU, independently, as these equations do not have an analytical solution. The real time simulacraon also requires the simulation of interaction of the particles with objects in the scene, requiring many collision and contact forces calculation, which may drastically increase the computational time. In this paper we propose an heterogeneous multicore CPU and GPU hybrid architecture for fluid simulation with two-ways of interaction between them, and with a fine granularity control over rigid body's shape collision. We also show the impact of this heterogeneous architecture over GPU and CPU bounded simulations, which is commonly used for this kind of application. The heterogeneous architecture developed in this work is developed to best fit the Single Instruction Multiple Thread (SIMT) model used by GPUs in all simulation stages, allowing a high level performance increase.
Formal Methods for Protocol Testing: A Detailed Study

The authors present a detailed study of four formal methods (T-, U-, D-, and W-methods) for generating test sequences for protocols. Applications of these methods to the NBS Class 4 Transport Protocol are discussed. An estimation of fault coverage of four protocol-test-sequence generation techniques using Monte Carlo simulation is also presented. The ability of a test sequence to decide whether a protocol implementation conforms to its specification heavily relies on the range of faults that it can capture. Conformance is defined at two levels, namely, weak and strong conformance. This study shows that a test sequence produced by T-method has a poor fault detection capability, whereas test sequences produced by U-, D-, and W-methods have comparable (superior to that for T-method) fault coverage on several classes of randomly generated machines used in this study. Also, some problems with a straightforward application of the four protocol-test-sequence generation methods to real-world communication protocols are pointed out. >
Breaking through the tight junction barrier

T H~ tight junction, or zonula occludens, is an organeile of crucial importance to the development and function of most organ systems in vertebrates because it enables epithelia and endothelia to create eompositionaily distinct fluid compartments. The tight junction forms a continuous permeability barrier between adjacent cells that regulates the flux of molecules through the paracellular space (2). It also creates a boundary in the plasma membrane bilayer that separates the cell surface into biochemicaily and functionally distinct apical and basolateral membrane domains, enabling the cells to carry out polarized transport (8). The tight junction is a fascinating structure. It forms the closest contact between adjacent cells known in nature, so close, in fact, that it was once believed to be a fusion between outer leaflets on the adjacent bilayers (11, 23). We now know that it does not make an absolute seal, but instead contains discrete ion selective pores through the extracellular portion of the junction (Fig. 1). The permeability properties of the tight junction are quite variable in different epithelia, depending on the specific physiological requirements for transepitheliai (or transendothelial) solute transport (6). Moreover, tight junction permeability can be regulated physiologically within a given e_pithelium (13). Thus, the extracellular portion of the tight junction has to accomplish two main tasks; to form extremely narrow intercellular adhesions ~that occlude a region of extracellular space, and to create regulatable pores for selective molecular sieving. The tight junction also has characteristics of a biological polymer. By freeze-fracture electron microscopy, which reveals intramembrane structure, the tight junction appears as a set of long, parallel, linear fibrils that circumscribe the cell, with short fibril fragments interconnecting the main parallel array (19). The assembly of these fibrils seems to be regulated in a way that is crucial to tight junction physiology. Various epithelial cell types differ in their number of parallel fibrils, and generally, a greater number of fibrils correlates with decreased junctional permeability (5, 15). Fibril assembly also seems to be quite dynamic in some cell types (Fig. 2). In the most impressive examples, a rapid, massive stimulation of fibril assembly occurs when epithelial cells are exposed to certain noxious stimuli (10, 20). More subtle alterations in fibril number also occur during less dramatic instances of junctional regulation (7, 12). Rapid fragmentation of the fibrils is also observed, for example, when leukocytes migrate across epithelia or when intestinal junctions
Stress detection and reduction using EEG signals

According to world health organization, stress is a significant problem of our times and affects both physical as well as the mental health of people. There are various traditional stress detection methods are available. Research in area of stress detection has developed many techniques for monitoring the human brain that can be used to study the human behavior. However, there are researches on stress detection methods and not on stress reduction methods in terms of technology. This research proposes a novel method that detects the stress using EEG signals and reduces the stress by introducing the interventions into the system. This research uses the k-means clustering method to measure the perceived stress which divide the subjects into different categories and estimate the stress level. The proposed method is useful in developing products for human stress reduction. The success of implementation and development of this research will expected to help in reducing time consumed and human power in determining best solution for stress management.
Combining Traditional Marketing and Viral Marketing with Amphibious Influence Maximization

In this paper, we propose the amphibious influence maximization (AIM) model that combines traditional marketing via content providers and viral marketing to consumers in social networks in a single framework. In AIM, a set of content providers and consumers form a bipartite network while consumers also form their social network, and influence propagates from the content providers to consumers and among consumers in the social network following the independent cascade model. An advertiser needs to select a subset of seed content providers and a subset of seed consumers, such that the influence from the seed providers passing through the seed consumers could reach a large number of consumers in the social network in expectation. We prove that the AIM problem is NP-hard to approximate to within any constant factor via a reduction from Feige's k-prover proof system for 3-SAT5. We also give evidence that even when the social network graph is trivial (i.e. has no edges), a polynomial time constant factor approximation for AIM is unlikely. However, when we assume that the weighted bi-adjacency matrix that describes the influence of content providers on consumers is of constant rank, a common assumption often used in recommender systems, we provide a polynomial-time algorithm that achieves approximation ratio of (1-1/e-ε)3 for any (polynomially small) ε > 0. Our algorithmic results still hold for a more general model where cascades in social network follow a general monotone and submodular function.
Recent Advances in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: Novel Devices and Potential Shortcomings

During the past years transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has evolved to a standard technique for the treatment of high risk patients suffering from severe aortic stenosis. Worldwide the number of TAVI procedures is increasing exponentially. In this context both the transapical antegrade (TA) and the transfemoral retrograde (TF) approach are predominantly used and can be considered as safe and reproducible access sites for TAVI interventions. As a new technology TAVI is in a constant progress regarding the development of new devices. While in the first years only the Edwards SAPIEN™ and the Medtronic CoreValve™ prostheses were commercial available, recently additional devices obtained CE-mark approval and others have entered initial clinical trials. In addition to enhance the treatment options in general, the main driving factor to further develop new device iterations is to solve the drawbacks of the current TAVI systems: paravalvular leaks, occurrence of AV-blocks and the lack of full repositionability.
Using the EMFi chair to measure the user’s emotion-related heart rate responses

Jenni Anttonen: Using the EMFi chair to measure the user's emotion-related heart rate responses Master's thesis, 55 pages, 2 appendix pages May 2005 The research reported here is part of a multidisciplinary collaborative project that aimed at developing embedded measurement devices using electromechanical film (EMFi) as a basic measurement technology. The present aim was to test if an unobtrusive heart rate measurement device, the EMFi chair, had the potential to detect heart rate changes associated with emotional stimulation. Six-second long visual, auditory, and audiovisual stimuli with negative, neutral, and positive emotional content were presented to 24 participants. Heart rate responses were measured with the EMFi chair and with earlobe photoplethysmography (PPG). Also, subjective ratings of the stimuli were collected. Firstly, the high correlation between the measurement results of the EMFi chair and PPG, r = 0.99, p < 0.001, indicated that the EMFi chair measured heart rate reliably. Secondly, heart rate showed a decelerating response to visual, auditory, and audiovisual emotional stimulation. The emotional stimulation caused statistically significant changes in heart rate at the 6 th second from stimulus onset so that the responses to negative stimulation were significantly lower than the responses to positive stimulation. The results were in line with previous research. The results show that heart rate responses measured with the EMFi chair differed significantly for positive and negative emotional stimulation. These results suggest that the EMFi chair could be used in HCI to measure the user's emotional responses unobtrusively.
Probabilistic , weight-dependent STDP leads to rate-dependent synaptic fixed points

Change in synaptic efficacy is believed to underlie learning and memory, and has long been established in the forms of long term potentiation (LTP) and long term depression (LTD) [2]. Experimental and theoretical work on plasticity has addressed the dependence of plasticity on presynaptic firing rates [1, 3] and the timing [7] and interaction [4, 6] of preand post-synaptic spikes. Computational studies have further explored the consequences of plasticity on the distribution of synaptic strengths [10, 6] but this work has not clearly addressed correlated preand post-synaptic activity. An important issue for modelling plasticity is limiting synaptic strength following correlated activity, as correlations among input spikes can drive synapses without bound. Modelling studies have used hard [8] and soft [5] caps on synaptic strength to address this issue. We recently proposed a new interpretation of Bi and Poo’s [7] spike-time-dependent plasticity (STDP) data, deriving a weightand spike-time-dependent plasticity rule that leads to fixed points of synaptic weights following correlated preand post-synaptic spike trains [9]. Under our rule, fixed points are achieved by a balance of LTP and LTD, where LTD increases faster than LTP and therefor dominates strong synapses. These fixed points are dependent on the rate and distribution of pre-synaptic spikes, post-synaptic spike latency, and the probability of synaptic transmission. Here, we build on this work by adding a weight-dependent probabilistic term to our plasticity rule. Without this term, fixed points are several orders of magnitude larger than experimental values, and our rule leads to runaway weights when LTP is isolated from LTD, as is typically the case in STDP protocols. Accordingly, input associations quickly lead to weights capable of driving the post-synaptic neuron on their own. We show that our new, probabilistic rule retains the features of our earlier rule, but lowers fixed points to biologically realistic values. We further demonstrate that associations between pre-synaptic events driving a model neuron are captured by this rule, so that several synapses are on average required to drive a post-synaptic neuron following associative learning, commensurate with biological findings.
Thermal fluctuations in gyrokinetic plasma at finite beta.

A covariant gyrokinetic fluctuation-dissipation theorem is used to predict unusual thermal-equilibrium fluctuation spectra for weakly electromagnetic gyrokinetic plasma in the limit of weak coupling. Wave number spectra are derived both by exact integrations of the frequency spectra and by resonance integrations over weakly damped normal modes. The former reduce in the electrostatic limit to previous heuristic results and are interpreted in terms of the concept of a gyrokinetic vacuum. '' The latter are interpreted in terms of a new form for the gyrokinetic energy conservation law and a new formula for the gyrokinetic plasmon action density.
A Unified Framework for Multipath Routing for Unicast and Multicast Traffic

We study the problem of load balancing the traffic from a set of unicast and multicast sessions. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem. However, we assume that the gradient of the network cost function is not available and needs to be estimated. Multiple paths are provided between a source and a destination using application-layer overlay. We propose a novel algorithm that is based on what is known as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation and utilizes only noisy measurements collected and reported to the sources, using an overlay architecture. We consider three network models that reflect different sets of assumptions regarding multicast capabilities of the network. Using an analytical model we first prove the almost sure convergence of the algorithm to a corresponding optimal solution under each network model considered in this paper with decreasing step sizes. Then, we establish the weak convergence (or convergence in distribution) with a fixed step size. In addition, we investigate the benefits acquired from implementing additional multicast capabilities by studying the relative performance of our algorithm under the three network models.
Supporting Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Inclusive Sett ings: Rethinking Instruction and Design

The prevalence rate of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has grown more than tenfold in the past two decades and is now estimated at about 1 in 88 children. These prevalence rates place increased demands on teachers to address core features and highlight the need for targeted supports. In addition, children with ASD are increasingly served in general education classrooms and teachers may not be prepared to meet their needs. Research-based supports can be used with an entire classroom within a Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework in order to the needs of students with ASD in inclusive settings. This paper aims to provide suggestions for practical UDL support recommendations to enhance the utilization of researchbased practices to promote academic achievement through multiple forms of engagement, representation, and expression for children with ASD. 2 Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education, Vol. 3, No. 1 [2013], Art. 6 http://corescholar.libraries. wright.edu/ejie/vol3/iss1/6
Levels of Cholesterol in Small LDL Particles Predict Atherosclerosis Progression and Incident CHD in the HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (HATS)

Objective Test whether angiographically-documented changes in percent stenosis and clinical endpoints (coronary-related deaths, myocardial infarctions, stroke, revascularization for worsening ischemia) in the HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (HATS) were attributable to specific LDL-subclasses. Methods Gradient gel electrophoresis of on-study LDL-subclass cholesterol concentrations were measured in 32 placebo, 33 simvastatin-niacin, 38 antioxidant, and 39 simvastatin-niacin & antioxidant treated participants. The prespecified primary end point was the mean change per patient from the initial arteriogram to the final arteriogram in the percent stenosis caused by the most severe lesion in each of the nine proximal coronary segments. Results The change in the percent stenosis of the most severe proximal lesions increased in association with higher concentrations of the small LDL subfractions LDL-IIIb (24.2–24.6 nm) and LDL-IVa (23.3–24.1 nm) before (both P = 0.002) and after (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03 respectively) adjustment for treatment group and on-study HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations. The associations appeared specific to lesions with <30% baseline stenosis. When adjusted for age, sex, baseline BMI and cigarette use, the odds for primary clinical endpoints (death from coronary causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or revascularization for worsening ischemia) were significantly greater in subjects with higher on-study LDL-IIIb levels both before (P = 0.01) and after (P = 0.03) adjustment for treatment group and the standard lipid values. Conclusions Plasma LDL-IIIb cholesterol concentrations were related to changes in coronary artery stenosis and cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease and low HDL-cholesterol. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00000553
Cellular Exchange in an Endometriosis-Adhesion Model Using GFP Transgenic Mice

Background: Endometriosis is a debilitating disease that affects women of reproductive age and may lead to impaired fertility. Cell attachment, invasion of the underlying tissue, and vascular ingrowth are important processes in endometrial lesion development. However, the degree of cellular exchange between host peritoneum and endometrial tissue is unclear. Methods: An experimental endometriosis model was employed whereby uterine horn fragments from wild-type mice were implanted into genetically identical eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) host mice and vice versa. Hormone sensitivity of the ectopic lesions was assessed and cellular exchange determined histologically. Results: White cyst-like lesions developed from implanted fibrin-rich fragments by day 7. Lesions consisted of a well-developed stroma with glandular and luminal epithelium. Both ovariectomy and treatment with a GnRH agonist, leuprorelin, resulted in the suppression of ectopic lesion growth, whereas estradiol treatment increased the size of the ectopic lesion (4 mice per group on day 14). Ingrowth and outgrowth of blood vessels was apparent as well as the exchange of cells between host peritoneum and lesion. Conclusion: These findings support the proposal that there is a close cellular interplay between host peritoneum and ectopic tissue and the suitability of this mouse model to study these interactions.