Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Estimator for Assessing Apple Fruit Quality

proposed intelligent estimator is implemented using nearest neighbor classifier for automatic grading of red delicious apple fruit from its surface color using machine vision. Though different variants of nearest neighbor classifier are reported in the literature for color classification yet no systematic study is reported till-date for its application in fruit quality assessment using surface color information. The present work reports on comparative evaluation of different variants of nearest neighbor classifier for assessing the quality of apple fruit. It has been found experimentally that amongst different variants, Euclidean Distance Metric based k-Nearest Neighbor Classifier is best suited for this particular application. The performance of this classifier is evaluated at different illuminations of the fruit surface. It is found that efficiency is the highest at a particular intensity of surface illumination. In fact, efficiency achieved using proposed estimator is nearly 95.12% if manual grading is assumed to be 100% accurate taken as reference. However, 4.88 % variation is due to subjective judgment of human-beings in perceiving the apple fruit visually, which of course is obvious. Moreover, the repeatability of the proposed system is found to be 100% as observed after rigorous experimental validation.
Unnesting Arbitrary Queries

SQL-99 allows for nested subqueries at nearly all places within a query. From a user’s point of view, nested queries can greatly simplify the formulation of complex queries. However, nested queries that are correlated with the outer queries frequently lead to dependent joins with nested loops evaluations and thus poor performance. Existing systems therefore use a number of heuristics to unnest these queries, i.e., de-correlate them. These unnesting techniques can greatly speed up query processing, but are usually limited to certain classes of queries. To the best of our knowledge no existing system can de-correlate queries in the general case. We present a generic approach for unnesting arbitrary queries. As a result, the de-correlated queries allow for much simpler and much more efficient query evaluation.
Alcance do ataque e do bloqueio conforme a posição do jogador do voleibol master (Original)

espanolO objetivo do estudo foi de determinar o alcance do ataque e do bloqueio conforme a posicao do jogador do voleibol master. O estudo foi composto por 15 jogos do voleibol master masculino da categoria 35 anos ou mais. Os dados foram coletados com uma câmera em um ginasio. Depois dos dados coletados, o pesquisador praticou a analise do desempenho fisico com o software Kinovea®. O alcance do tipo de bloqueio e do tipo de ataque de acordo com a posicao do jogador de voleibol nao evidenciou diferenca estatistica na mesma comparacao atraves da Anova (one way ou de Kruskal Wallis, p>0,05) e pela nova estatistica de Cumming (2014). Entao, o estudo nao evidenciou diferenca estatistica. O oposto e o central foram os jogadores que tiveram maior alcance no tipo de bloqueio e no tipo de ataque na maioria desses fundamentos. Em conclusao, o estudo do alcance do ataque e do bloqueio e importante para o treinador selecionar os jogadores para as posicoes e ajuda nortear o treino fisico. EnglishThe objective of the study was to determine the spike and block reach according to the position of the master volleyball player. The study was composed by 15 matches of the male master volleyball of the category 35 years or more. The data were collected with a camera in a gymnasium. After the data collect, the researcher practiced the physical performance analysis with the Kinovea® software. The reach of the type of block and of the type of attack according to the position of the volleyball player did not detect statistical difference in the same comparison through of the Anova (one way or of Kruskal Wallis, p>0,05) and of the new statistic of Cumming (2014). Then, the study evidenced no statistical difference. Opposite and middle blocker were the players that had greater reach in the type of block and in the type of attack in the most of these skills. In conclusion, the study of the spike and block reach is important for the coach to select the players for the positions and help guide the physical training.
SOCIAL SUPPORT, COPING RESOURCES AND CODEPENDENCE IN SPOUSES OF INDIVIDUALS WITH ALCOHOL AND DRUG DEPENDENCE

This study examines the relationship between social support, coping resources and codependence in the wives of individuals with drug and alcohol dependence. Thirty male individuals each with drug and alcohol dependence were assessed for severity of addiction by Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Their wives were administered Social Support Scale (SSS). Coping Resources Inventory (CRI) and Codependence Assessment Questionnaire (CAQ). Of the sixty patients, forty nine were found to be codependent. On ASI, the codependent group had more impairment in the financial and the legal domains of the husbands whereas non codependent group had more impairment in the psychological domain. Codependent wives had lower coping resources and social support. On multivariate analysis, three variables were found to be significant predictors of the development of codependence in the wives. These were (i) husbands′duration of drug or alcohol abuse, (ii) total CRI score and (Hi) husbands' ASI employment score.
Organogenesis and tumorigenesis: Insight from the JAK/STAT pathway in the Drosophila eye

The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the main signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells. This pathway is used during diverse growth and developmental processes in multiple tissues to control cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. In addition to its role during development, the JAK/STAT pathway has also been implicated in tumorigenesis. Drosophila melanogaster is a powerful genetic tool, and its eyes have been used extensively as a platform to study signaling pathways. Many reports have demonstrated that the JAK/STAT pathway plays pleiotropic roles in Drosophila eye development. Its functions and activation are decided by its interplay with other signal pathways and the epigenetic status. In this review, we focus on the functions and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway during eye development and provide some insights into the study of this pathway in tumorigenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:2522–2533, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformal Field Theory

Scale invariant quantum systems play an important role in many different areas of science. In particular, they describe the low-energy physics of many quantum field theories as well as the critical behavior of second order phase transitions. After discussing a few important examples from quantum field theory and statistical physics, the basic notions of conformal symmetry and operator product expansions are introduced. The second part then focuses on conformal field theories in d = 2 dimensions, where the conformal group gets enhanced to a Virasoro symmetry. With some background from mathematics, which will be developed in detail, many such theories can be solved exactly. In the third part, the course proceeds to conformal field theories in dimension d > 2 and the so-called conformal bootstrap programme. After a detailed introduction to conformal blocks and the crossing symmetry constraint, the course concludes with recent results, e.g. on calculation of critical exponents in the 3-dimensional Ising model.
Security Issues of Distance Vector Routing Protocol and Its Advancement in Security

The paper presents the various attacks that are prevailing on the routers and are affecting the integrity of the data being transferred through the route. The main focus will be on the improvisation of security trends applied to keep the data as well as the route through which its transferring secure enough so that it does not face any threat. The paper presents a novel approach which secures both path as well as the data being transferred on that path using advanced encryption standard.
THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT BREACH ON JOB SATISFACTION

Psychological contract represents the implicit assumptions of the employees (or employer) regarding the content of their mutual exchange in addition to those that is specified in the formal employment contract. In the case of breaching it, many negatively consequences could arise. One of them is the lower level of job satisfaction. In the study that has been conducted we tried to find out the answer whether the psychological contract breach in unfavorable economic conditions negatively influences job satisfaction as it is has been found in the most studies conducted in developed countries. The research method that we used was the case study method. In order to test the hypothesis we used ANOVA test and linear regression. The results of the study showed that psychological contract breach negatively influences job satisfaction of employees despite the unfavorable economic conditions in which they work.
Valoración y Gestión del Riesgo de Reincidencia Delictiva en Menores Infractores: una Revisión de Instrumentos

Both theoretical and methodological approaches were gathered based on the risk assessment and management of criminal recidivism among young offenders. A systematic review of the instruments most often used to assess and manage the risk of recidivism was carried out. PsycINFO and Google Scholar were used as s. The instruments chosen were based on adequate levels of predictive validity and those whose aspects were relevant. Fifteen instruments were found: three actuarial scales –JSORRAT-II, Static-99, and PCL-YV– and twelve structured clinical judgment measures –YLS/CMI, SAVRY, SIED-AJ, EARL-20B, EARL-21G, J-SOAP-II, ERASOR 2.0, MEGA, Asset, ARMIDILO-S, DASH-13, and PREVI-A. There is a great variability in the results found in terms of predictive validity when different studies with the same tool are compared. The adequacy of an instrument to the judicial context must be based on values of predictive validity (AUC) between . 70-. 75.
A System to Solve Language Tests for Second Grade Students

This paper describes a system which solves language tests for second grade students (7 years old). In Japan, there are materials for students to measure understanding of what they studied, just like SAT for high school students in US. We use textbooks for the students as the target material of this study. Questions in the materials are classified into four types: questions about Chinese character (Kanji), about word knowledge, reading comprehension, and composition. This program doesn’t resolve the composition and some other questions which are not easy to be implemented in text forms. We built a subsystem for each finer type of questions. As a result, we achieved 55% 83% accuracy in answering questions in unseen materials.
Childhood trauma is associated with depressive symptoms in Mexico City women.

OBJECTIVE To describe childhood trauma and depressive symptoms in Mexican women and to explore the relationships between number and type of childhood traumatic events and depressive symptoms. METHODS A community-based sample of 100 women was interviewed using a demographic questionnaire, the Life Stressor Checklist-Revised (LSC-R), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Childhood trauma (trauma at or before 16 years of age) and depressive symptoms were described, and logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the relationship between childhood traumatic events and current depressive symptoms. RESULTS Participants reported a mean of 9.46 (standard deviation (SD): 4.18) lifetime traumas and 2.76 (SD: 2.34) childhood traumas. The mean CES-D score was 18.9 (SD: 12.0) and 36.0% of participants had clinically significant depression (CES-D > 24). Depression scores were correlated with lifetime trauma, childhood trauma, education level, employment status, and number of self-reported current medical conditions. Depression scores were not significantly correlated with age, marital status, number of children, or socioeconomic status. For every additional childhood trauma experienced, the odds of clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D > 24) increased by 50.0% (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-1.96), after controlling for number of children, age, education level, employment status, and number of self-reported medical conditions. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that the number of childhood trauma exposures is associated with current depression among urban Mexican women, suggesting a need for trauma-informed care in this setting.
It’s Bigger Than Hip-Hop: Estimating the Impact of a Culturally Responsive Classroom Intervention on Student Outcomes

Despite growing interest in culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), little research has examined its effect on student performance. In this article, we place CRP in a sociohistorical context and document how one intervention, Fresh Prep, draws on CRP to engage and instruct high school students identified as high risk for not graduating. Using a quasi-experimental matching methodology, we examine whether the program improves academic performance. We find Fresh Prep students have higher scores and pass rates on state English Language Arts and history exams than students in a matched comparison group, as well as retakers attending the same schools before its introduction.
Development of a PEM Fuel Cell City Bus with a Hierarchical Control System

The polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell system is considered to be an ideal alternative for the internal combustion engine, especially when used on a city bus. Hybrid buses with fuel cell systems and energy storage systems are now undergoing transit service demonstrations worldwide. A hybrid PEM fuel cell city bus with a hierarchical control system is studied in this paper. Firstly, the powertrain and hierarchical control structure is introduced. Secondly, the vehicle control strategy including start-stop strategy, energy management strategy, and fuel cell control strategy, including the hydrogen system and air system control strategies, are described in detail. Finally, the performance of the fuel cell was analyzed based on road test data. Results showed that the different subsystems were well-coordinated. Each component functioned in concert in order to ensure that both safety and speed requirements were satisfied. The output current of the fuel cell system changed slowly and the output voltage was limited to a certain range, thereby enhancing durability of the fuel cell. Furthermore, the economic performance was optimized by avoiding low load conditions.
SUPPORTING LIFELONG LEARNING THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF 21ST CENTURY SKILLS

Due to the new technologies that are coming on the market at a growing speed and of the fast technological changes of our world there is a need to continuously improve the population’s skills, knowledge and competences. Therefore, we all have to be lifelong learners in order to be up to date, to develop ourselves and sharp our skills. There are many benefits of lifelong learning in addition to increasing job prospects and supplementing professional competence such as it helps to keep the mind sharp and improve memory, enhances self-esteem, helps us to adapt to society’s changes, helps us to make new friends as we are meeting new people during the learning activities. To become a lifelong learner a person must have developed 21st century skills such as digital literacy, communication, critical thinking, problem solving, collaboration, creativity and imagination, in order to be able to identify the learning activities he/she has to undertake in order to improve his/her knowledge and skills. This paper investigates four 21st century skills frameworks that support lifelong learning. We present: (1) the Assessment and Teaching of 21st Century Skills (ATC21S) project, (2) the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), (3) the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and (4) Partnerships 21 (P21) Framework for 21st Century Learning. An in-depth analysis of these frameworks shows the overlaps and the differences among these frameworks in terms of proposed skills and allow us to identify important 21st century skills. After discussing some important 21st century skills (e.g. digital literacy, communication, collaboration), we compare and discuss the role of six teaching approaches (pedagogy methods) in developing these skills. The studied approaches are Problem-Based Learning (PBL), Flipped Classroom (FC), Serious Games (SGs), Self-Directed Learning (SDL), Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) and Personalised Learning (PL). Then we analyse the skills that are developed by each pedagogy. To conclude, Re-skilling and updating competencies will be required in the near future, due to the rapid technology advancements that come in our workplace and day-to day life activities. In order to cope with these fast changes people will have to change into a lifelong learner and develop 21st century skills. The four 21st century skills frameworks have identified a set of required 21st century skills and are presented and compared. The paper will also discuss and compare six pedagogies that the current education systems should apply in the learning and teaching process in order to ensure the development of the 21st century skills such as digital literacy, communication, collaboration, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making and creativity, thus fostering long-life learning.
The VLA Survey of the Chandra Deep Field-South. I. Overview and the Radio Data

We report 20 and 6 cm VLA deep observations of the CDF-S including the Extended CDF-S. We discuss the radio properties of 266 cataloged radio sources, of which 198 are above a 20 cm completeness level reaching down to 43 μJy at the center of the field. Survey observations made at 6 cm over a more limited region cover the original CDF-S to a comparable level of sensitivity as the 20 cm observations. Of 266 cataloged radio sources, 52 have X-ray counterparts in the CDF-S and a further 37 have counterparts in the E-CDF-S area not covered by the 1 Ms exposure. Using a wide range of material, we have found optical or infrared counterparts for 254 radio sources, of which 186 have either spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. Three radio sources have no apparent counterpart at any other wavelength. Measurements of the 20 cm radio flux density at the position of each CDF-S X-ray source detected a further 30 radio sources above a conservative 3 σ detection limit. X-ray and submillimeter observations have been traditionally used as a measure of AGN and star formation activity, respectively. These new observations probe the faint end of both the star formation and radio galaxy/AGN population, as well as the connection between the formation and evolution of stars and SMBHs. Both of the corresponding gravitational and nuclear fusion driven energy sources can lead to radio synchrotron emission. AGN and radio galaxies dominate at high flux densities. Although emission from star formation becomes more prominent at the microjansky levels reached by deep radio surveys, even for the weakest sources, we still find an apparent significant contribution from low-luminosity AGN as well as from star formation.
ESL Teachers’ Acting Agentively Through Job Crafting

ABSTRACT Worldwide, countries strive for effective ways to educate migrant children, and the United States is no exception. In this context, this qualitative study examines how a group of ESL teachers in U.S. elementary schools acted agentively and redesigned their work through job crafting (Wrzesniewskum & Dutton, 2001) so as to provide optimal support for English learners. Key findings indicate that, despite institutional constraints, teachers found ways to organize their work to align their practices with their educational goals. In some cases, they were able to negotiate with key school personnel to reconfigure their instructional practices, and in others they created multiple advocacy roles beyond the classroom. Based on our findings, we suggest that, in preparing ESL teachers, attention needs to be paid not only to pedagogy but also to the wider scope of their roles as advocates who navigate the micro-politics of school organization.
Lightweight Sensing Uncertainty Metric—Incorporating Accuracy and Trust

The future will involve millions of networked sensors whose sole purpose is to gather data about various phenomena so that it can be used in making informed decisions. However, each measurement performed by a sensor has an associated uncertainty in its value, which if not accounted for properly, could potentially derail the decision process. Computing and embedding the associated uncertainties with data are, therefore, crucial to providing reliable information for sensor-based applications. In this paper, we present a novel unified framework for computing uncertainty based on accuracy and trust. We present algorithms for computing accuracy and trustworthiness and also propose an approach for propagating uncertainties. We evaluate our approach functionally by applying it to data sets collected from past deployments and demonstrate its benefits for in-network processing as well as fault detection.
The Membrane Bound LRR Lipoprotein Slr, and the Cell Wall-Anchored M1 Protein from Streptococcus pyogenes Both Interact with Type I Collagen

Streptococcus pyogenes is an important human pathogen and surface structures allow it to adhere to, colonize and invade the human host. Proteins containing leucine rich repeats (LRR) have been indentified in mammals, viruses, archaea and several bacterial species. The LRRs are often involved in protein-protein interaction, are typically 20–30 amino acids long and the defining feature of the LRR motif is an 11-residue sequence LxxLxLxxNxL (x being any amino acid). The streptococcal leucine rich (Slr) protein is a hypothetical lipoprotein that has been shown to be involved in virulence, but at present no ligands for Slr have been identified. We could establish that Slr is a membrane attached horseshoe shaped lipoprotein by homology modeling, signal peptidase II inhibition, electron microscopy (of bacteria and purified protein) and immunoblotting. Based on our previous knowledge of LRR proteins we hypothesized that Slr could mediate binding to collagen. We could show by surface plasmon resonance that recombinant Slr and purified M1 protein bind with high affinity to collagen I. Isogenic slr mutant strain (MB1) and emm1 mutant strain (MC25) had reduced binding to collagen type I as shown by slot blot and surface plasmon resonance. Electron microscopy using gold labeled Slr showed multiple binding sites to collagen I, both to the monomeric and the fibrillar structure, and most binding occurred in the overlap region of the collagen I fibril. In conclusion, we show that Slr is an abundant membrane bound lipoprotein that is co-expressed on the surface with M1, and that both these proteins are involved in recruiting collagen type I to the bacterial surface. This underlines the importance of S. pyogenes interaction with extracellular matrix molecules, especially since both Slr and M1 have been shown to be virulence factors.