Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle-Like Pneumatic Actuators for Below-Knee Prostheses,

This paper reports on the design of a biorobotic actuator intended for use in a powered, below-knee prosthesis. Design requirements for the artificial muscle and tendon are based on the properties of the natural limb. As biological properties often exhibit significant variability, data from a variety of vertebrate species are extracted from published reports in the biological literature and used to specify model parameters of both muscle and tendon. To achieve the required relationships between force, length, velocity, and activation, an artificial myo-tendinous actuator is proposed whose components include a flexible, pneumatic actuator, a hydraulic damper, and die compression springs. To verify performance, a series of tests were conducted that enveloped the conditions expected from a muscle-tendon unit used as an actuator for a below-knee prosthesis. The experimental results show the force-length-velocity properties of the artificial myo-tendinous actuator to be similar to its biological counterpart.
On the Uniqueness of Correspondence under Orthographic and Perspective Projections

The task of shape recovery from a motion sequence requires the establishment of correspondence between image points. The two processes, the matching process and the shape recovery one, are traditionally viewed as independent. Yet, information obtained during the process of shape recovery can be used to guide the matching process. This paper discusses the mutual relationship between the two processes. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part we review the constraints imposed on the correspondence by rigid transformations and extend them to objects that undergo general affine (non rigid) transformation (including stretch and shear), as well as to rigid objects with smooth surfaces. In all these cases corresponding points lie along epipolar lines, and these lines can be recovered from a small set of corresponding points. In the second part of the paper we discuss the potential use of epipolar lines in the matching process. We present an algorithm that recovers the correspondence from three contour images. The algorithm was implemented and used to construct object models for recognition. In addition we discuss how epipolar lines can be used to solve the aperture problem. @Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1988) This report describes research done at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology within the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. Support for the laboratory's artificial intelligence research is provided in part by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-85-K-0124. Ronen Basri is supported by the McDonnell-Pew and the Rothchild postdoctoral fellowships.
AUTOMATED ANALYSIS FOR RAPID DEFECT SOURCING AND YIELD LEARNING

In 1965 when Gordon Moore made his famous observation regarding the exponential growth of semiconductor device capacity, little consideration was given to the fact that the volume of data required to manage the manufacturing process would follow suit. To stay the course predicted by Moore's Law, it will be required that a rapid reduction in process data be achieved through its conversion to useful process control information. This can be partially accomplished through the introduction of new automation technologies that can assimilate manufacturing data from inspection equipment to assist the engineer in the rapid root-cause diagnosis of defect generating mechanisms. These analysis tools will be required to achieve cost-effective yield learning in the next generation fab. In this article, we describe an emerging technology known as Spatial Signature Analysis (SSA) which automates the interpretation of product wafer defect data. SSA is an artificial intelligence method that has been developed in partnership between SEMATECH, Austin, Texas, and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The method relies on capturing operator experience through a teaching method to emulate the human response to various manufacturing situations. This has been successfully accomplished through the development and application of an image processing-based, fuzzy classifier system. The technique uses data collected from current in-line inspection tools to interpret and rapidly identify characteristic patterns, or "signatures", that are uniquely associated with the manufacturing process. The SSA system then alerts fabrication engineers to probable yield-limiting conditions that require attention. The system has been validated at three major manufacturing sites around the U.S. and is now available as a product through several commercial suppliers. We conclude by discussing future directions required for this and similar technologies if next generation productivity goals are to be achieved.
Web opinion mining based on sentiment phrase classification vector

Opinion mining is an important research area of web data mining. As it is related to natural language process and data mining, opinion mining is very challenging. This paper presents a web opining mining algorithm based on sentiment phrase classification vector. By the techniques of sentiment phrase classification, the algorithm compares the similarity between document vectors, mines the theme of the document and judges the document theme attributes. The experimental results show that the algorithm has better effectiveness and practicality.
Towards Industry-Strength Worst-Case Execution Time Analysis

The industrial deployment of real-time modeling and analysis techniques such as schedulability analysis creates an urgent need for methods and tools to calculate the execution time of real-time software. Recent advances in this area are promising, but there is yet no integrated solution taking into account the multitude of aspects relevant for execution time analysis in an industrial context. In this article we present an architectural framework for execution time analysis. The framework is modular and extendible, in that interfaces and data structures are clearly de ned to allow new modules to be added and old ones to be replaced, e.g., making it possible for analysis modules for di erent CPUs to share the same program ow analysis modules. The architecture is intended to be included in an integrated development environment for real-time programs thereby allowing engineers to integrate execution time analysis in their everyday edit-compile-test-debug cycle. In addition to presenting the architecture, we demonstrate that the proposed architecture is general enough to integrate existing execution time analysis techniques.
An Introduction to European Law

An Introduction to European Law 3e offers a comprehensive exploration of this subject. Topics covered include European Union institutions and legislation. The text also considers EU competencies. Chapters look at fundamental rights, direct effect, legal primacy, and national actions. In addition, the text explains the internal market in terms of goods and persons. Finally, the text explains competition law in terms of cartels. The epilogue concludes with an examination of Brexit: past, present, and future.
Similarity Measurement between Objects and Activities for User Intention Modeling

User intention modeling is a core part to provide appropriate services in ubiquitous and pervasive computing. And the modeling should be concentrated on preparing user activities according to objects which user approaches or touches. In other works, they just contribute to constructing the modeling under restricted conditions such as places. In order to prepare wide ranging and important factors, this work proposes similarity measurement between objects and activities. Through an evaluation, we show how effective this work is and provide its contributions.
Bankruptcy Prediction: Theoretical Framework Proposal

Bankruptcy prediction studies lack a strong theoretical framework but were driven by empirical testing and exploration of new econometric models to identify potential bankrupt firms. This paper examines this phenomenon by reviewing existing literatures and proposed a theoretical framework to govern the direction and future development of this area of finance. Liquidity, Profitability and Wealth Theory, Cash Flow Theory, Merton Model, &Gambler’s Ruin Theory were investigated. Liquidity, Profitability and Wealth theory was discovered to be most popular.
A Reminder about the Importance of Computing and Exploiting Invariants in Planning

Throughout the years, extensive work has pointed out how important computing and exploiting invariants is in planning. However, no recent studies about their empirical impact regarding their ability to simplify and/or complete the model have been done. In particular, an analysis about the impact of invariants computed in regression from the goals is severely lacking, despite the existence of previous attempts to use this kind of invariants in different planning settings. In this work we focus on the ability of invariants to simplify the planning task in a preprocessing step. Our results show that this simplification significantly improves the performance of different optimal and satisficing planners.
The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, the Crisis and the Future

CONTENTS PART 1: OVERVIEW OF THE DEBATE ON EAST ASIAN DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE 1. The East Asian Model of Economic Policy PART 2: INTERPRETATION OF THE EAST ASIAN MIRACLE 2. The Political Economy of Industrial Policy in Korea 3. Explaining 'Flexible Rigidities' in East Asia 4. The "Initial Conditions" of Economic Development - Comparing the East Asian and the Sub-Saharan Experiences PART 3: 1997 ASIAN FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS 5. The Hazard of Moral Hazard - Untangling the Asian Crisis 6. Interpreting the Korean Crisis: Financial Liberalisation, Industrial Policy and Corporate Governance PART 4: LOOKING INTO THE FUTURE OF EAST ASIA 7. Industrial Policy and East Asia - The Miracle, the Crisis, and the Future 8. The Triumph of the Rentiers? 9. Evaluating the Post-Crisis Corporate Restructuring in Korea
On the Prominence of the Violin Bridge Hill in Notes of Played Music

A qualitative relation was sought between the frequency region of the bridge hill of violins and perceived tonal qualities of violin notes. The prelude of Max Bruch’s Violin Concerto No. 1 was played twice on four violins in a large concert hall. A microphone recording of the music, outside the reverberation radius of the hall, represented a picture of the violin as experienced by a listener. The violins used for these tests included an 18th-century Italian violin of soloist quality, a French violin made in first decade of the 20th century, and two newly made fine violins. Four long notes covering the main range of the violin were copied into sound files and replayed via an equalizer where the levels could independently be adjusted in any octave band while listening. It was found that the 2- and 4-kHz octave bands caused the largest changes in note quality, i.e., the bands in which the bridge hill is to be found. In this frequency range the ear also has maximum sensitivity to weak sounds and maximum dynamic working range (difference in sound levels). Level shifts of the octave bands at 250 and 500 Hz showed surprisingly little influence on the notes. Increased levels in higher bands made the note shriller (harsher), and increased level in lower bands made the note rounder (more mellow). This indicates that fine frequency adjustment of the bridge hill is important.
Lagrangian decomposition and second-order cone programming based warehouse storage planning problem

In this paper we consider a warehouse storage planning problem which is widely appeared in process industry as well as logistics companies. Products came from production line are initially stored in production-end warehouse of each production line and will be transported to different warehouses for further production or delivery according to customers' requests. Warehouse storage planning is to decide where and when to transport the products to make the matching degree maximized while considering capability restrictions and equilibrium of logistics. We formulate this problem and transform it to a mixed integer second-order cone program (MISOCP). We perform a Lagrangian decomposition algorithm to derive an upper bound, and a randomized rounding heuristic is applied to gain near optimal solutions. We also construct valid inequalities to improve the upper bound. Experimental results based on practical data show that the proposed method outperforms optimization software both on solution quality and computing efficiency.
MapReduce for Bayesian Network Parameter Learning using the EM Algorithm

This work applies the distributed computing framework MapReduce to Bayesian network parameter learning from incomplete data. We formulate the classical Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm within the MapReduce framework. Analytically and experimentally we analyze the speed-up that can be obtained by means of MapReduce. We present details of the MapReduce formulation of EM, report speed-ups versus the sequential case, and carefully compare various Hadoop cluster configurations in experiments with Bayesian networks of different sizes and structures.
Neurohormonal and glutamatergic neuronal control of the cardioarterial valves in the isopod crustacean Bathynomus doederleini

SUMMARY The heart of Bathynomus doederleini gives rise to an anterior median artery (AMA), one pair of anterior lateral arteries (ALAs) and five pairs of lateral arteries (LAs). Cardioarterial valves are located at the junctions between the heart and arteries, each composed of a pair of muscular flaps. All valves of the AMA and the ALAs receive valve excitatory (constrictor) nerves (VEs). The valves of the ALAs receive dual innervation from both constrictor and inhibitor (dilator) nerves, while the valves of the AMA receive innervation from a constrictor nerve alone. The effects of candidate neurohormones on cardioarterial valves were examined by measuring the pressure in each artery at which haemolymph flows out of the heart through the valve. Serotonin, octopamine, norepinephrine, glutamate (Glu) and proctolin constricted the cardioarterial valves and thus decreased the arterial pressure in all the arteries. Dopamine also decreased the arterial pressure of arteries except for the ALAs, in which pressure was increased. Among the neurohormones exerting excitatory effects on the valves, only Glu depolarized the membrane potential of valve muscle cells. The glutamatergic agonists kainate and quisqualate also depolarized the valve muscle cells of the AMA. Excitatory junctional potentials produced in the valves of the AMA in response to the stimulation of a VE were blocked by the glutamatergic antagonists Joro spider toxin and MK-801. Glu is the likeliest candidate for a neurotransmitter for the VEs.
Augmented Reality adaptive web content

In this paper we present a design of an Augmented Reality (AR) browser that renders web pages without obstructing the view of the world when seen from an AR headset such as Oculus Rift, Gear VR or Google Cardboard. The browser overlays the contents of the web page transparently on the user's view and is capable of modifying font size, colors, and layout of the web page, such that it augments the user's view of the page. This approach is different from existing AR applications such as Amazon Flow, in that it is more flexible and acts as a real browser. In existing browsers, webpages are sandboxed and hence cannot access the capabilities of AR. We describe the design of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript (JS) that leverages AR. Our approach processes the external data and generates different types of events through an event generator. Pages rendered on our browser can exploit these CSS and JS events to morph themselves. This enables content developers to provide custom layouts for the web page when viewed through the AR headset, in a way that centers the web objects on the user's field of view whose coordinates are sent to the content provider. The callbacks provided by the browser encapsulate required information like co-ordinates, dimensions and color of the actual web object instead of providing the video stream itself, thus sandboxing the web page yet allowing it to exploit AR capabilities. The actual data stream that the user is viewing is not sent, thus ensuring privacy. We provide details of the implementation and the method to integrate our approach with the Samsung Gear VR headset.
Progress in tourism management Twenty years on and 10 years after the Internet : The state of eTourism research

This paper reviews the published articles on eTourism in the past 20 years. Using a wide variety of sources, mainly in the tourism literature, this paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes prior studies in the context of Internet applications to Tourism. The paper also projects future developments in eTourism and demonstrates critical changes that will influence the tourism industry structure. A major contribution of this paper is its overview of the research and development efforts that have been endeavoured in the field, and the challenges that tourism researchers are, and will be, facing.
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Ethnographic Action Research: A Human-Centric Development Framework for Engineering and Construction Project Information Platforms

Engineering and construction project information platforms (ECPIP) for architectural, engineering, and construction (AEC) projects need to support both, project and product management and they need to be highly adaptable to the unique cultures prevailing on different AEC projects. Furthermore, due to the temporal character of projects there is little time to routinize processes around ECPIPs and, thus the processes that ECPIPs support will change often on a project. To address these challenges, this paper suggests a human-centric research and development methodology that combines the ethnographic observation of practitioners working in local project cultures and the iterative improvement of ECPIPs directly on these projects in small action research implementation cycles. The paper shows the practical feasibility of the theoretical methodology using ECPIP development cases from AEC projects in North America and Europe. The cases provide evidence that ethnographic action research is well suited to support the development of ECPIPs as it enables the identification of problems in the daily work of AEC practitioners and offers important insights into local AEC project cultures. Furthermore, the findings from the cases show that the iterative nature of the ethnographic action research is well suited to address the frequent changes prevailing on AEC projects.
Beyond “Near Duplicates”: Learning Hash Codes for Efficient Similar-Image Retrieval

Finding similar images in a large database is an important, but often computationally expensive, task. In this paper, we present a two-tier similar-image retrieval system with the efficiency characteristics found in simpler systems designed to recognize near-duplicates. We compare the efficiency of lookups based on random projections and learned hashes to 100-times-more-frequent exemplar sampling. Both approaches significantly improve on the results from exemplar sampling, despite having significantly lower computational costs. Learned-hash keys provide the best result, in terms of both recall and efficiency.
Estimation of Human Hip and Knee Multi-Joint Dynamics Using the LOPES Gait Trainer

In this study, we present and evaluate a novel method to estimate multi-joint leg impedance, using a robotic gait training device. The method is based on multi-input-multi-output system identification techniques and is designed for continuous torque perturbations at the hip and knee joint simultaneously. Eight elderly subjects (age 67-82) performed relax and position tasks in three different leg orientations. Multi-joint impedance was estimated nonparametrically and was subsequently modeled in terms of inertia and (inter)joint stiffness and damping. The results indicate that all stiffness and damping parameters were significantly higher during the position task compared to the relax task. The majority of the stiffness and damping parameters were not significantly affected by leg orientation. The results also emphasize the importance of considering the visco-elastic coupling between joints when modeling multi-joint dynamics. Measuring joint stiffness with the same device that is used for robotic gait training allows convenient testing of joint properties in conjunction with the robotic gait training protocol. These measures might serve as a good basis for quantitative assessment and follow up of patients with abnormal joint stiffness due to neurological disorders, and may reveal how changes in these joint properties affect their gait function.
A performance analysis of objective video quality metrics for digital video watermarking

Rapid growth in sharing information using internet technologies laid the threats of copyright protection for digital multimedia contents. One of the remedy for intellectual property protection is Watermarking. This paper deals with numerous available digital video watermarking techniques and raised the issue of quality and size of watermarked video. Through experimental study, it has been shown that available quality metrics like, Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and Structural similarity index (SSIM) are incapable to deal efficiently to analyze the quality degradation but out of two it has been claimed that SSIM results are more accurate as it is closer to the results obtained during subjective quality analysis. Further, using available video watermarking tools, variation in size of video has been analyzed.