Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic differences in physical activity guidelines attainment among people at high risk of or having knee osteoarthritis

This cross‐sectional study examined racial/ethnic differences in meeting the 2008 United States Department of Health and Human Services Physical Activity Guidelines aerobic component (≥150 moderate‐to‐vigorous minutes/week in bouts of ≥10 minutes) among persons with or at risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA).
The Montgomery Inverse and Its Applications

The Montgomery inverse of b module a is b/sup -1/2/sup n/ mod a, where n is the number of bits in a. The right-shifting binary algorithm for modular inversion is shown naturally to compute the new inverse in fewer operations than the ordinary modular inverse. The new inverse facilitates recent work by Koc on modular exponentiation and has other applications in cryptography. >
Researching the history of social work: exposition of a history of the present approach

This paper provides an exposition of Michel Foucault's ‘history of the present’ in order to make the case for its relevance to the study of social work history. It sets out the general principles underpinning this practice and considers its application to a particular research question relating to history of child welfare and protection social work in the Republic of Ireland. The paper seeks to highlight the challenges involved in its use and illuminate its potential value as an approach for researching the history of social work. It is concluded that this exposition offers one appropriate approach that could be employed within the growing field of social work history research across Europe.
Adenovirus type 12 early region 1B 54K protein significantly extends the life span of normal mammalian cells in culture

The life span of normal human cells in culture is extended by two to four total life spans following retrovirus-mediated transfer of the adenovirus type 12 E1B 54,000-molecular-weight protein (54K protein). This extension of the in vitro growth potential was accomplished without any of the obvious changes in morphology or growth properties that are usually associated with viral transformation. These 54K+ cells escape the normal senescence checkpoint (M1) and show a very extended secondary growth phase. The 54K+ human cells eventually enter crisis (M2), which does not appear to be due to either telomere attrition or the activation of the senescence-associated proteins p21SdilCipIWaf1 and p16INK4A. Even in the absence of telomerase activity, high-molecular-weight heterogeneous telomeres are produced and maintained in both 54K+ adult dermal fibroblasts and embryo kidney cells, indicating that the 54K protein may interfere with the normal metabolism of telomeric structures during cell division. These findings are discussed with reference to the known ability of the 54K protein to influence p53 function.
Social Trust in Urban Neighbourhoods: The Effect of Relative Ethnic Group Position

Social trust is essential to a cohesive society. Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of individual and contextual determinants in explaining social trust. In this paper it is argued, by means of Blumer’s group position theory, that an individual’s position in the ethnic hierarchy relative to that of the neighbourhood residents influences his or her social trust in the neighbourhood. The multilevel regression analysis of data from the Amsterdam Safety Monitor 2009 provides tentative support for this theory. Building upon previous studies, the relevant individual and contextual determinants of social trust in the neighbourhood are also studied. Contrary to earlier findings, no neighbourhood effects are detected. Thus, it is neither the actual position in the ethnic hierarchy nor the effect of the neighbourhood, but the ethnic position relative to the neighbourhood residents that diminishes minority group members’ social trust through a threat that appears to be both socioeconomic and cultural.
High-reliability, low-energy microarchitecture synthesis

Continuous scaling of device dimensions has accelerated the power dissipation and electromigration-induced reliability degradation in integrated circuits. Submicrometer scaling increases the fraction of on-chip energy dissipated on long interconnects and buses. In addition, submicrometer-level scaling increases current density in long interconnects and buses, causing structural damage in metal lines due to electromigration (a major failure phenomenon in integrated circuits). We present algorithms for synthesizing high-reliability, low-energy microarchitectures. This can be realized by judiciously binding and scheduling the data transfers of a control-data-flow graph representation of an application onto the buses in the microarchitecture. The algorithm considers (i) correlations between data transfers, (ii) constraints on the number of buses, and (iii) area and delay.
Phloem development in nematode-induced feeding sites: the implications of auxin and cytokinin

Sedentary plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes and cyst nematodes induce giant cells or syncytia, respectively, in their host plant's roots. These highly specialized structures serve as feeding sites from which exclusively the nematodes withdraw nutrients. While giant cells are symplastically isolated and obtain assimilates by transporter-mediated processes syncytia are massively connected to the phloem by plasmodesmata. To support the feeding sites and the nematode during their development, phloem is induced around syncytia and giant cells. In the case of syncytia the unloading phloem consists of sieve elements and companion cells and in the case of root knots it consists exclusively of sieve elements. We applied immunohistochemistry to identify the cells within the developing phloem that responded to auxin and cytokinin. Both feeding sites themselves did not respond to either hormone. We were able to show that in root knots an auxin response precedes the differentiation of these auxin responsive cells into phloem elements. This process appears to be independent of B-type Arabidopsis response regulators. Using additional markers for tissue identity we provide evidence that around giant cells protophloem is formed and proliferates dramatically. In contrast, the phloem around syncytia responded to both hormones. The presence of companion cells as well as hormone-responsive sieve elements suggests that metaphloem development occurs. The implication of auxin and cytokinin in the further development of the metaphloem is discussed.
On Capture in Random-Access Systems

Under power-based capture, a transmission is correctly decoded at the destination, even in the presence of other transmissions, if the received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) exceeds a threshold b ges 0. Studies on capture are often limited to the case b ges 1. In this paper, we study capture for systems with arbitrary b ges 0, i.e., our formulation includes both wide-band (0 les 1) and narrow-band (b > 1) systems. We also point out some ambiguity from the existing literature on capture analysis
Overregularization in language acquisition.

Children extend regular grammatical patterns to irregular words, resulting in overregularizations like comed, often after a period of correct performance ("U-shaped development"). The errors seem paradigmatic of rule use, hence bear on central issues in the psychology of rules: how creative rule application interacts with memorized exceptions in development, how overgeneral rules are unlearned in the absence of parental feedback, and whether cognitive processes involve explicit rules or parallel distributed processing (connectionist) networks. We remedy the lack of quantitative data on overregularization by analyzing 11,521 irregular past tense utterances in the spontaneous speech of 83 children. Our findings are as follows. (1) Overregularization errors are relatively rare (median 2.5% of irregular past tense forms), suggesting that there is no qualitative defect in children's grammars that must be unlearned. (2) Overregularization occurs at a roughly constant low rate from the 2s into the school-age years, affecting most irregular verbs. (3) Although overregularization errors never predominate, one aspect of their purported U-shaped development was confirmed quantitatively: an extended period of correct performance precedes the first error. (4) Overregularization does not correlate with increases in the number or proportion of regular verbs in parental speech, children's speech, or children's vocabularies. Thus, the traditional account in which memory operates before rules cannot be replaced by a connectionist alternative in which a single network displays rotelike or rulelike behavior in response to changes in input statistics. (5) Overregularizations first appear when children begin to mark regular verbs for tense reliably (i.e., when they stop saying Yesterday I walk). (6) The more often a parent uses an irregular form, the less often the child overregularizes it. (7) Verbs are protected from overregularization by similar-sounding irregulars, but they are not attracted to overregularization by similar-sounding regulars, suggesting that irregular patterns are stored in an associative memory with connectionist properties, but that regulars are not. We propose a simple explanation. Children, like adults, mark tense using memory (for irregulars) and an affixation rule that can generate a regular past tense form for any verb. Retrieval of an irregular blocks the rule, but children's memory traces are not strong enough to guarantee perfect retrieval. When retrieval fails, the rule is applied, and overregularization results.
Geo-referencing Place from Everyday Natural Language Descriptions

Natural language place descriptions in everyday communication provide a rich source of spatial knowledge about places. An important step to utilize such knowledge in information systems is geo-referencing all the places referred to in these descriptions. Current techniques for geo-referencing places from text documents are using place name recognition and disambiguation; however, place descriptions often contain place references that are not known by gazetteers, or that are expressed in other, more flexible ways. Hence, the approach for geo-referencing presented in this paper starts from a place graph that contains the place references as well as spatial relationships extracted from place descriptions. Spatial relationships are used to constrain the locations of places and allow the later best-matching process for geo-referencing. The novel geo-referencing process results in higher precision and recall compared to state-of-art toponym resolution approaches on several tested place description datasets.
Sisal/Coconut Coir Natural Fibers – Epoxy Composites: Water Absorption and Mechanical Properties

Natural fibers (Sisal and Coconut coir) reinforced Epoxy composites were subjected to water immersion tests in order to study the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties. Natural fibers like coconut coir (short fibers) and sisal fibers (long fibers) were used in hybrid combination and the fiber weight fraction of 20%, 30% and 40% were used for the fabrication of the composite. Water absorption tests were conducted by immersing specimens in a water bath at 25 0 C and 100 0 C for different time durations. The tensile and flexural properties of water immersed specimens subjected to both aging conditions were evaluated and compared with dry composite specimens. The percentage of moisture uptake increased as the fiber volume fraction increased because of the high cellulose content of the fiber. The tensile and flexural properties of Natural fiber reinforced Epoxy composite specimens were found to decrease with increase in percentage moisture uptake. Moisture induced degradation of composite samples was observed at elevated temperature. The water absorption pattern of these composites at room temperature was found to follow Fickian behavior, whereas the water absorption properties at higher temperature did not follow Fick’s law.
A formal general framework and service access model for service grid

Constituent resources in a grid system need to be used in a coordinated fashion to deliver non trivial qualities of service. Various e-science and e-business use cases are investigated to guide how to create grid systems, and determine which functions grid systems should have. Web services emerge as a standard interoperable technology for grid systems. Although the motivations and goals for service grids are obvious, there is no clear definition for service grids to define and describe the general framework and service access model. In this paper, the general framework for service grids is defined in a formal approach, and the virtual organization based service access mechanism is modeled based on abstract state machines (ASM). In the service access model we proposed, the quality of service (QoS) issue is considered for the user request. This resulting serves as a theoretical base for our service grid system, HowU.
Combining memory and a controller with photonics through 3D-stacking to enable scalable and energy-efficient systems

It is well-known that memory latency, energy, capacity, band-width, and scalability will be critical bottlenecks in future large-scale systems. This paper addresses these problems, focusing on the interface between the compute cores and memory, comprising the physical interconnect and the memory access protocol. For the physical interconnect, we study the prudent use of emerging silicon-photonic technology to reduce energy consumption and improve capacity scaling. We conclude that photonics are effective primarily to improve socket-edge bandwidth by breaking the pin barrier, and for use on heavily utilized links. For the access protocol, we propose a novel packet based interface that relinquishes most of the tight control that the memory controller holds in current systems and allows the memory modules to be more autonomous, improving flexibility and interoperability. The key enabler here is the introduction of a 3D-stacked interface die that allows both these optimizations without modifying commodity memory dies. The interface die handles all conversion between optics and electronics, as well as all low-level memory device control functionality. Communication beyond the interface die is fully electrical, with TSVs between dies and low-swing wires on-die. We show that such an approach results in substantially lowered energy consumption, reduced latency, better scalability to large capacities, and better support for heterogeneity and interoperability.
Developing University Teachers: an account of a scheme designed for postgraduate researchers on a lecturing career path

Abstract There is a growing recognition within higher education institutions of the importance of teaching as a core activity for trainee academics. This paper outlines and reports on a scheme which has been established to address the needs of postgraduate researchers who wish to build a career as university teachers. The scheme, now under review at the close of its first year of operation, is one which provides a potential model for other institutions. The paper includes extracts from a frank discussion involving participants in the scheme and highlights some of the practical difficulties which have occurred, in addition to the many benefits which are both expected in the future as well as some which are currently accruing
A reliable routing protocol design for wireless sensor networks

Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent years. For some special applications, not only energy aware but link reliable is needed. Historical link status should be captured while making routing decisions. In this paper, we design a reliable link quality estimation based routing protocol (LQER), which integrates the approach of minimum hop field and (m, k). The performance of LQER is evaluated by simulation experiments to be more energy-aware, with lower loss rate and better scalability than MHFR (Z. Ma and Y. Sun, 2004) and MCR (F. Ye et al., 2001). Thus the whole network may obtain longer lifetime and better link quality
Comprehensibility of orthogonal variability modeling languages: the cases of CVL and OVM

As the complexity and variety of systems and software products have increased, the ability to manage their variability effectively and efficiently became crucial. To this end, variability can be specified either as an integral part of the development artifacts or in a separate orthogonal variability model. Lately, orthogonal variability models attract a lot of attention due to the fact that they do not require changing the complexity of the development artifacts and can be used in conjunction with different development artifacts. Despite this attention and to the best of our knowledge, no empirical study examined the comprehensibility of orthogonal variability models. In this work, we conducted an exploratory experiment to examine potential comprehension problems in two common orthogonal variability modeling languages, namely, Common Variability Language (CVL) and Orthogonal Variability Model (OVM). We examined the comprehensibility of the variability models and their relations to the development artifacts for novice users. To measure comprehensibility we used comprehension score (i.e., percentage of correct solution), time spent to complete tasks, and participants' perception of difficulty of different model constructs. The results showed high comprehensibility of the variability models, but low comprehensibility of the relations between the variability models and the development artifacts. Although the comprehensibility of CVL and OVM was similar in terms of comprehension score and time spent to complete tasks, novice users perceived OVM as more difficult to comprehend.
Ergodic Capacity and Beamforming Optimality for Multi-Antenna Relaying with Statistical CSI

We investigate the capacity and beamforming optimality of multi-antenna relaying systems, given access to statistical channel information at the relay and source. Multi-antenna relay configurations are considered, for which the source as well as either the relay or destination have multiple antennas, and the relay operates with amplify-and-forward. We first compute the optimal transmission strategies at both the source and relay, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for which beamforming achieves capacity. To gain more insight, we then employ tools from stochastic majorization theory to characterize the impact of the destination correlation and the relay gain on the capacity and beamforming optimality range. These results demonstrate some intriguing behavior, which arises due to the joint interplay between the transmit power, relay gain, and level of correlation at the destination. It is shown, among other things, that for certain transmit powers and relay gains, the beamforming optimality region becomes independent of the destination correlation. By relaxing the beamforming optimality condition, we also derive a simple explicit upper bound which gives further insights into the joint effect of the SNR and the transmit correlation on the beamforming optimality range.
Great Expectations?! Assortment Size, Expectations, and Satisfaction

Recent research challenges the idea that greater choice is always desirable, showing that larger assortments can increase choice deferral and switching. The current research demonstrates that even when consumers make a purchase, the same item may generate lower satisfaction when chosen from a larger rather than a smaller assortment. The authors explain this effect in terms of an expectation-disconfirmation mechanism. When assortments are small, consumers have low expectations about their ability to match their preferences. As assortment sizes increase, so do consumers’ expectations of the degree of preference match they can achieve. Subsequently, consumers may experience greater negative expectation disconfirmation or less positive expectation disconfirmation when a chosen item comes from a larger rather than a smaller set. Either less positive or more negative disconfirmation leads to lower choice satisfaction. The results from three studies support this expectation-based process and establish this mechanism in addition to alternative explanations, such as choice overload.
On preserving privacy in content-oriented networks

The recent literature has hailed the benefits of content-oriented network architectures. However, such designs pose a threat to privacy by revealing a user's content requests. In this paper, we study how to ameliorate privacy in such designs. We present an approach that does not require any special infrastructure or shared secrets between the publishers and consumers of content. In lieu of any informational asymmetry, the approach leverages computational asymmetry by forcing the adversary to perform sizable computations to reconstruct each request. This approach does not provide ideal privacy, but makes it hard for an adversary to effectively monitor the content requests of a large number of users.
The Elements of Social Development: The Social Experiences of Malaysian College Students at an Institution of Higher Learning

This article examines the process of social development experienced by college students that brings new knowledge and a model for social development in sociology of higher education. Findings from 15 in-depth field interviews reveal that there are four main elements in the social development experienced by this group of students. The process begins with the self-awareness by students of their social condition both in past and present situations. The second element is their adaptability, where students come to understand how to interact within their circumstances and are able to find new ways to adapt to their environment. This is followed by the third element, responsibility, where students become responsible to the degree that they possess leadership abilities; thoughtfulness, independence, supportiveness and determination. The last element is potentiality, which is important in helping students progress to a higher stage of life by actualizing their full potential.
Local knowledge and adult learning in environmental adult education: community‐based ecotourism in southern Thailand

This paper examines how local knowledge is employed in environmental adult education in a community‐based ecotourism project in an island community in southern Thailand. The study is based on field research and analysis of project websites, media reports and documents. Situated at the intersection of global tourism and a local Thai–Malay Muslim fishing community, the ecotourism project functions as an alternative tourism development model challenging dominant practices of mass tourism. In the project, tourists stay as guests in local homes, and learn firsthand from family and community ecotourism guides. The informal ecotourism ‘curriculum’ for tourists centres on local knowledge of tidal and marine ecosystems, environmental conservation efforts, local culture, and traditional livelihood activities. Tourists learn experientially to understand and appreciate this local knowledge, and in the process, contribute to the sustenance of the community, to the preservation of culture, and to the conservation of the marine resources upon which the community depends. Members of the ecotourism project, for their part, have engaged in a wide range of adult learning over the project’s lifespan. This learning includes skills and knowledge in ecotourism management, environmental conservation, cross‐cultural exchange and political activism. Although the advent of mass tourism on the island now threatens to overwhelm the local community, the capacity for environmental adult education, adult learning and political activism built up over many years by members of the ecotourism project will likely help to moderate, if not control, the deleterious effects of future commercial development.