Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mimicry of the immunodominant conformation-dependent antigenic site of hepatitis A virus by motifs selected from synthetic peptide libraries

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a positive-strand RNA virus with a genome length of approximately 7,480 nucleotides. Although HAV morphogenesis is thought to be similar to that of poliovirus, the prototype picornavirus, the complete characterization of the antigenic structure of this virus remains elusive. All the available evidences, however, support the existence, on HAV virions and empty capsids, of an immunodominant neutralization antigenic site which is conformation dependent and whose structure involves residues of both VP1 and VP3 capsid proteins. This particular feature and the difficulty of obtaining high virus yield in tissue cultures make HAV an ideal target for developing synthetic peptides that simulate the structure of its main antigenic determinant. To this end we utilized, in the present work, the divide-couple-recombine approach to generate a random library composed of millions of different hexapeptides. This vast library was screened with a well-characterized anti-HAV monoclonal antibody. By this strategy we identified a peptide that reacted specifically with monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HAV antibodies and, in mice, induced a specific anti-virus immune response. Furthermore, the peptide could also be used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for revealing a primary immunoglobulin M immune response in sera of acutely infected human patients. Interestingly, no sequence homology was found between the identified peptide and the HAV capsid proteins VP1 and VP3. Collectively, these data represent an additional important paradigm of a mimotope capable of mimicking an antigenic determinant with unknown tertiary structure.
Racial Profiling and the Courts

This article examines 135 federal-level racial profiling cases. Based on a review of these cases, the research reveals that such cases are on the decline. Moreover, most of the persons alleging they were racially profiled were Black and Hispanic. More than half of the persons making racial profiling allegations were caught engaging in criminal activity during the incident that instigated the legal suit. In addition, most of the incidents involved multiple male officers, who were employed by local police departments. The research also found that persons making racial profiling allegations win in less than a third of the cases. The article concludes by discussing the implications of these results.
Mothers' Developmental Timetables in two Cultural Groups

Abstract To explore differences in concepts about development, mothers in two cultural groups were interviewed to determine: (a) their developmental timetables (the ages at which they expected various skills to appear); (b) the extent to which they taught various skills before school; and (c) the extent to which they perceived several qualities, once established, as stable over time. Variables were the chilďs gender, the chilďs birth order (first or not first to begin school), and the mother's ethnic background (Australian-born or Lebanese-born). Gender and birth order showed minimal effects; ethnicity had a strong effect in areas (a) and (b) but not (c). The results bring out the content of mothers' ideas, raise questions about factors affecting this content, and point to some aspects of mothers' ideas as inter-related.
The Mangle of Practice: Agency and Emergence in the Sociology of Science

Some difficult but important issues have arisen in recent social studies of science concerning temporally emergent phenomena and the decetering of the human subject in scientific practice. This essay seeks a constructive clarification of the issues, and links them together, by delineating and exemplifying a view of science as a field of emergent human and material agency reciprocally engaged by means of a dialectic of resistence and accommodation-the mangle.
Myosin X and its motorless isoform differentially modulate dendritic spine development by regulating trafficking and retention of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein

Summary Myosin X (Myo10) is an unconventional myosin with two known isoforms: full-length (FL)-Myo10 that has motor activity, and a recently identified brain-expressed isoform, headless (Hdl)-Myo10, which lacks most of the motor domain. FL-Myo10 is involved in the regulation of filopodia formation in non-neuronal cells; however, the biological function of Hdl-Myo10 remains largely unknown. Here, we show that FL- and Hdl-Myo10 have important, but distinct, roles in the development of dendritic spines and synapses in hippocampal neurons. FL-Myo10 induces formation of dendritic filopodia and modulates filopodia dynamics by trafficking the actin-binding protein vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) to the tips of filopodia. By contrast, Hdl-Myo10 acts on dendritic spines to enhance spine and synaptic density as well as spine head expansion by increasing the retention of VASP in spines. Thus, this study demonstrates a novel biological function for Hdl-Myo10 and an important new role for both Myo10 isoforms in the development of dendritic spines and synapses.
Untying the knot between gestures and speech

Do people speak differently when they cannot use their hands? This study looks at the influence of gestures on speech by having participants take part in an instructional task, half of which had to be performed while sitting on their hands. Other factors that influence the ease of communication, such as visibility and cognitive load, were also taken into account. Results show that lack of visibility or the inability to gesture as well as cognitive load lead to changes in speech and that these factors may influence the successfulness of the instructions.
Rate and delay controlled core networks: An experimental demonstration

Growing demand for streaming, voice and interactive gaming applications emphasize the importance of quality of service (QoS) provisioning in the Internet, particularly the need for maximum end-to-end delay guarantee. Current methods of QoS provisioning have either scalability concerns or cannot guarantee end-to-end delay with acceptable packet loss unless bandwidth is over-provisioned. While low jitter guarantee is required for streaming applications, maximum end-to-end delay is also required for VoIP and interactive games. We propose, analyze the stability and demonstrate the viability of three combined rate and end-to-end delay controls. The stability analysis is done on a fluid network model with greedy flows showing that all controls are globally asymptotically stable without information time lags and one of them is also globally asymptotically stable with arbitrary time lags; however it substantivally under-utilizes the network. Another control, which numerically demonstrates stability with arbitrary time lags, is implemented in edge and core routers of our WAN-in-Lab with long haul links. The prototype implementation confirms its viability and its advantage over the Differentiated Service architecture. The viability of the two other controls is shown by detailed NS2 packet-based simulations of an eight-node real core network.
Un Analyseur Syntaxique Interactif Pour La Communication Homme-Machine

Nous envisageons la r&lisation d'un syst~me de communication Homme-Machine en langues naturelles, qui pourrait 8tre utilis6 par exemple pour l'dtude de la langue elle-mSme ou pour la rdalisation d'un syst~me questions-r~ponses sttr un sujet d~termind (consultation d'tme banque de donn~es et r6ponses approprides). Avant d'en arriver ~t la rdalisation du module s~mantique, il faut se d~finir un module d'analyse morphologique et un module d'analyse syntaxique. N~anmoins, nous pensons que la sdmantique dolt pouvoir intervenir le plus rapidement possible afin de lever les ambiguit~s ren-contr~es au niveau du module pr~cddent. Dans cet exposd, nous nous limiterons ~ l'&ude des deux premiers modules. D~s ~t present, nous pr6cisons que nous nous sommes orient,s vers des syst~mes interactifs afin d'dtablir un vdritable dialogue entre l'uti-lisateur et la machine. Pour l'analyse morphologique, nous ne nous smnmes pas limitds uni-quement fi la reconnaissance du mot mais dgalement ~t celle des lo cutions non ambigues afin d'dviter leurs reconstructions au niveau de la syntaxe. Ce premier module constitue k lui seul un v&itable syst~me puis-que nous avons d6fmi un dditeur morphologique conversationnel dont les grandes lignes seront explicit~es en 1. Quant ~t l'analyseur syntaxique, nous nous sommes fixds comme ob-jectif d'obtenir directement des structures de dSpendances car elles sont facilment interpr~tables. Nous avons donc abandonn~ les structures de constituants obtenues ~t partir des grammaires << context-free ~ pour les raisons suivantes: les algorithmes d'analyse avaient l'inconv~nient majeur de con-duire k une tr~s grande combinatoire. On pouvait certes la limiter en introduisant des << validations-saturations)) qui avaient le d~savantage de demander au linguiste de d~finir le cheminement de l'algorithme au niveau de la grammaire. I1 en rdsultait une tr~s grande difficultd de mise au point.
Measuring the Effects of Monetary Policy Innovations in Nigeria: A Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) Approach

Correctly identifying the effects of monetary policy innovations is necessary for good policy making. In this paper, we carry out a controlled experiment using a structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model to trace the effects of monetary policy shocks on output and prices in Nigeria. We make the assumption that the Central Bank cannot observe unexpected changes in output and prices within the same period. This places a recursive restriction on the disturbances of the SVAR. We conduct the experiment using three alternative policy instruments i.e. broad money (M2), Minimum Rediscount Rate (MRR) and the real effective exchange rate (REER). Overall, we find evidence that monetary policy innovations carried out on the quantity-based nominal anchor (M2) has modest effects on output and prices with a very fast speed of adjustment. While, innovations on the price-based nominal anchors (MRR and REER) have neutral and fleeting effects on output. We conclude that the manipulation of the quantity of money (M2) in the economy is the most influential instrument for monetary policy implementation. Hence, we recommend that central bankers should place more emphasis on the use of the quantity-based nominal anchor rather than the price-based nominal anchors.
Trade-offs in RF Performance and Electrothermal Ruggedness of Multifinger SiGe Power Cells

In this contribution we analyze the trade-offs existing between the RF performances and the thermal ruggedness of SiGe power multifinger HBTs. Six structures with constant emitter area and different emitter geometry are considered. Small signal S-parameters as well as large signal load-pull measurements are performed to evaluate the effect of emitter geometry on the device RF performances. Moreover, the structures are analyzed through an in house developed electrothermal simulator in order to define the layout influence on the safe operating area (SOA). Finally, some guidelines are drawn to help the designer in trading electrical performances for thermal ruggedness
Optimal model-based decomposition of powertrain system design

Optimal design of large engineering systems modeled as nonlinear programming problems remains a challenge because increased size reduces reliability and speed of numerical optimization algorithms. Decomposition of the original model into smaller coordinated submodels is desirable or even necessary. The article presents a methodology for optimal model-based decomposition of design problems, whether or not initially cast as optimization models. The overall model is represented by a hypergraph that is optimally partitioned into weakly-connected subgraphs satisfying partitioning constraints. The formulation is robust enough to account for computational demands and resources, and the strength of interdependencies between the design relations contained in the model. This decomposition methodology is applied to a vehicle powertrain system design model consisting of engine, torque converter, transmission, and wheel-tire assemblies, with 87 design relations and 119 design and state/behavior variables.
A Neural Reordering Model for Phrase-based Translation

While lexicalized reordering models have been widely used in phrase-based translation systems, they suffer from three drawbacks: context insensitivity, ambiguity, and sparsity. We propose a neural reordering model that conditions reordering probabilities on the words of both the current and previous phrase pairs. Including the words of previous phrase pairs significantly improves context sensitivity and reduces reordering ambiguity. To alleviate the data sparsity problem, we build one classifier for all phrase pairs, which are represented as continuous space vectors. Experiments on the NIST Chinese-English datasets show that our neural reordering model achieves significant improvements over state-of-the-art lexicalized reordering models.
Leading and Supporting the Implementation of the Norwegian Network of Health Promoting Schools

The aim of this study was to examine how program leaders in the Norwegian Network of Health Promoting Schools managed, facilitated, and supported the development and implementation of the health promotion initiatives at their school. Two focus group interviews were conducted with 10 program leaders. The findings suggest that the implementation of the program was enhanced when the program leader was part of the school leadership group. The program leaders stated that the vision, aims, and content of the health promotion program were generally similar to those of their schools, making it easier for them to motivate teachers to participate. They also acknowledged the positive effect of learning through collaboration within schools and between schools in the network.
Improving Personal Name Search in the TIGR System

This paper describes the development and evaluation of enhancements to the specialized information retrieval capabilities of a multimodal reporting system. The system enables collection and dissemination of information through a distributed data architecture by allowing users to input free text documents, which are indexed for subsequent search and retrieval by other users. This unstructured data entry method is essential for users of this system, but it requires an intelligent support system for processing queries against the data. The system, known as TIGR (Tactical Ground Reporting), allows keyword searching and geospatial filtering of results, but lacked the ability to efficiently index and search person names and perform approximate name matching. To improve TIGRs ability to provide accurate, comprehensive results for queries on person names we iteratively updated existing entity extraction and name matching technologies to better align with the TIGR use case. We evaluated each version of the entity extraction and name matching components to find the optimal configuration for the TIGR context, and combined those pieces into a named entity extraction, indexing, and search module that integrates with the current TIGR system. By comparing system-level evaluations of the original and updated TIGR search processes, we show that our enhancements to personal name search significantly improved the performance of the overall information retrieval capabilities of the TIGR system.
Extending Bayesian Rfs Slam Framework to Multi-vehicle Slam

—In this paper we present a novel solution to the Multi-Vehicle SLAM (MVSLAM) problem by extending the random finite set (RFS) based SLAM filter framework using two recently developed multi-sensor information fusion approaches in finite set statistics (FISST). Our solution is based on the modeling of the measurements and the landmark map as RFSs and factorizing the MVSLAM posterior into a product of the joint vehicle trajectories posterior and the landmark map posterior conditioned the vehicle trajectories. The joint vehicle trajectories posterior is propagated using a particle filter while the landmark map posterior conditioned on the vehicle trajectories is propagated using a Gaussian Mixture (GM) implementation of the probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter.
Sparse Channel Estimation of Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access Based on Compressive Sensing

It is widely accepted that single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) is an excellent candidate for broadband wireless systems. Channel estimation is one of the key challenges in SC-FDMA, since accurate channel estimation can significantly improve equalization at the receiver and, consequently, enhance the communication performances. In this paper, we study the application of compressive sensing for sparse channel estimation in a SC-FDMA system. By skillfully designing pilots, their patterns, and taking advantages of the sparsity of the channel impulse response, the proposed system realizes channel estimation at a low cost. Simulation results show that it can achieve significantly improved performance in a frequency selective fading sparse channel with fewer pilots.
Direct Liquid Cooling in Low-Power Electrical Machines: Proof-of-Concept

This paper evaluates the feasibility of a direct liquid cooling approach in the thermal management of an axial flux permanent-magnet machine. To demonstrate the cooling method, a test motor was fitted with helical tooth coil windings formed from a hybrid conductor comprising a stainless steel coolant conduit tightly wrapped with a stranded Litz wire. The motor is a 100-kW permanent-magnet, axial-flux, double-stator, single-rotor machine. The proof of concept integrated the motor with a closed liquid coolant loop, appropriate instrumentation, and a data acquisition system. The general performance of the motor was examined at various power levels using polyalphaolefin oil as the cooling fluid. The results show the proposed cooling method to be feasible, and furthermore, to provide significant improvements to the machine thermal management.
A Call for Statistical Reform in EAQ

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to review research published by Educational Administration Quarterly (EAQ) during the past 10 years to determine if confidence intervals and effect sizes were being reported as recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual . Research Design: The author examined 49 volumes of the journal, which included 245 articles from the most recent 10-year time frame. As the debate on statistical reform is focused on reporting confidence intervals and properly interpreting p values and null hypothesis statistical testing (NHST), the author examined all empirical studies from the 10-year time frame to determine if confidence intervals were included in the results and, if so, interpreted correctly. Because effect size measures are, alongside confidence intervals, at the heart of statistical reform goals in psychology, the author also examined effect-size practices in EAQ. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) were utilized to report the findings of the analysis. Findings: The results of the descriptive analysis indicated that effect sizes were being reported in the majority of quantitative studies with limited interpretation. In contrast, no quantitative study examined from the 10-year time frame reported confidence intervals, despite the recommendations of the APA Task Force on Statistical Inference and guidelines outlined in the most recent edition of the APA Publication Manual. Recommendations for statistical reform in reporting quantitative results in EAQ are presented, and future direction is discussed.
The place of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: a number needed to treat analysis

Memantine is currently the only treatment approved for moderately severe to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is still some discussion as to its place in clinical practice and many UK clinicians are discouraged for economic reasons from prescribing it. We adopt a ‘number needed to treat’ (NNT) approach to assess the benefits reported in memantine trials.
(Re)Presentation and Voice

This article considers the accessibility of language in scholarly work and discusses what makes a work boring and what the implications are for those who have a broad range of inquiry. In particular, the author discusses the development of the text in qualitative research and the struggles authors face as qualitative researchers. The author first considers the role of the author in the text and he then takes up the issue of readership. He subsequently discusses the relationship between the researched and the researcher and offers avenues for further consideration.
Investigating the work–family conflict and health link: Repetitive thought as a mechanism

Research is needed to investigate mechanisms linking work-family conflict to poor health in working adults. We took a novel approach to build on extant studies by testing a potential mechanism in these associations - repetitive thought. Data came from a sample of 203 partnered working adults. There were significant direct effects of work-family conflict with lower life satisfaction, positive affect, and perceived health as well as greater fatigue. As for total effects, work-family conflict was significantly associated with all health outcomes - life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, fatigue, perceived health, and chronic health conditions - in the expected directions through repetitive thought. This study provides support that repetitive thought is one potential mechanism of how work-family conflict can take a toll on psychological and physical health. Findings are discussed in relation to improving workplace policies to improve the health of working adults managing work-family conflict.
Ultrasound Accelerated Bone Tissue Engineering Monitored with Magnetic Resonance Microscopy

Tissue engineering has the potential to treat bone loss, but current bone restoration methods, including osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), require three to four weeks for bone formation to occur. In this study, we stimulated the formation of engineered bone tissue with low-intensity ultrasound, which has been proven to accelerate bone healing in vivo. One group of engineered bone constructs received ultrasound stimulation 20 minutes per day over a 3-week growth period. We monitored the growth of all the engineered constructs quantitatively and noninvasively using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), where the T2 relaxation times of all the constructs were measured, on a weekly basis, using an 11.74 T Bruker spectrometer. Histological and immunocytochemical sections were obtained for all constructs and correlated with the MR results. This study shows that ultrasound can accelerate osteogenesis in vitro for tissue engineered bone, the growth and development of which can be monitored using MRM
Performance enhancement of combining QoS provisioning and location management in wireless cellular networks

Quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning and location management (LM) in cellular networks are solved separately in previous work. For realistic network environments, we have proposed a framework of combining QoS provisioning and LM by using all available user mobility information. In this paper, we present performance evaluation to show that this framework can yield more efficient solutions for both. We propose a novel path-based LM scheme in this combined framework and evaluate the performance gain of the new scheme over the original path-based LM scheme by simulations. Further, we propose a new connection admission control (CAC) scheme derived from this combined framework for QoS provisioning and present results showing performance enhancements over CAC schemes proposed previously.