Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of SAW properties in ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ structures

Piezoelectric thin films on high acoustic velocity nonpiezoelectric substrates, such as ZnO, AlN, or GaN deposited on diamond or sapphire substrates, are attractive for high frequency and low-loss surface acoustic wave devices. In this work, ZnO films are deposited on Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (0 /spl les/ x /spl les/ 1) substrates using the radio frequency (RF) sputtering technique. In comparison with a single Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N layer deposited on c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ with the same total film thickness, a ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ multilayer structure provides several advantages, including higher order wave modes with higher velocity and larger electromechanical coupling coefficient (K/sup 2/). The surface acoustic wave (SAW) velocities and coupling coefficients of the ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ structure are tailored as a function of the Al mole percentage in Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N films, and as a function of the ZnO (h/sub 1/) to Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N (h/sub 2/) thickness ratio. It is found that a wide thickness-frequency product (hf) region in which coupling is close to its maximum value, K/sub max//sup 2/, can be obtained. The K/sub max//sup 2/ of the second order wave mode (h/sub 1/ = h/sub 2/) is estimated to be 4.3% for ZnO/GaN/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and 3.8% for ZnO/AlN/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. The bandwidth of second and third order wave modes, in which the coupling coefficient is within /spl plusmn/0.3% of K/sub max//sup 2/, is calculated to be 820 hf for ZnO/GaN/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, and 3620 hf for ZnO/AlN/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. Thus, the hf region in which the coupling coefficient is close to the maximum value broadens with increasing Al content, while K/sub max//sup 2/ decreases slightly. When the thickness ratio of AlN to ZnO increases, the K/sub max//sup 2/ and hf bandwidth of the second and third higher wave modes increases. The SAW test devices are fabricated and tested. The theoretical and experimental results of velocity dispersion in the ZnO/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/N/c-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ structures are found to be well matched.
Scaling the Construct Androgyny: Reply to Willemsen

Miller and Kottke reply to Willemsen's 1993 critique of Kottke's 1988 paper. We believe that Willemsen may have overstated the purpose of Kottke's study Kottke's intention was not to develop a new measure of androgyny or to provide a definitive answer to whether masculinity and femininity are bipolar concepts but rather to show that the concept of androgyny requires additional theoretical and empirical clarification, particularly in its measurement.
Characterizing Software Maintenance Categories Using the Linux Kernel Ayelet Israeli

Software maintenance involves different categories of activities: corrective, adaptive, perfective, and preventive. However, research regarding these distinct activities is h ampered by lack of empirical data that is labeled to identify the type of maintenance being performed. A promising dataset is provided by the more than 800 releases of the Linux kernel that have bee n made since 1994. The Linux release scheme differentiates be tw en development versions (which may be expected to undergo perf ctive maintenance) and production versions (probably dominated by corrective maintenance). The structure of the codebase a lso distinguishes code involved in handling different architectures and devices (where additions reflect adaptive maintenance) from the core of the system’s kernel. Assuming that these dissect ions of the codebase indeed reflect different types of activity, we d emonstrate that corrective maintenance does not necessarily le ad to code deterioration, that adaptive maintenance may improvesome quality metrics, and that growth is largely the result of continued development as part of perfective maintenance.
Local Community Ties, Community-Boundedness, and Local Public Affairs Knowledge Gaps

This study focused on the roles that community integration and community-boundedness (the relevance of a topic for a specific community) play on knowledge gaps. Given the extensive evidence linking media exposure with community ties, the authors hypothesized that ties with the local community could potentially mitigate local public affairs knowledge gaps. They also examined if the relevance of a topic to a subgroup would lead to lower knowledge gaps. A survey of 661 residents of Franklin County, Ohio, showed that whereas community ties were unrelated to knowledge, community-boundedness could be an important determinant of knowledge gaps on local public affairs. Additional analysis of the data also suggests that length of association with the community could be a potentially important contingent condition in the amelioration of knowledge gaps. The authors argue that their findings extend traditional findings of knowledge gaps that apply to geographically defined communities to studying “communities without propinquity. ”
Describing Grief Under Cyclical Versus Linear Conceptions of Time

Priming linear versus cyclical conceptions of time influences affective forecasts and descriptions of grief. Relative to a linear or static prime, a cyclical prime prompted predictions of shorter grief duration, reliance on cyclical language, characterization of recovery as return to routine, and reduced characterization of the bereaved person as passive. To contrast, a linear prime uniquely prompted spatiotemporal metaphors, advising against pressure to “move forward” too soon.
From competence to vulnerability: Care, ethics, and elders from racialized minorities

Abstract This article discusses the care of older people from groups most commonly referred to in the UK as being “minority ethnic”. It considers the significance and growing popularity of social policy initiatives aimed at cultural competence in care provided at the end of life. Drawing upon qualitative focus group interviews with 56 health and social care professionals involved in the delivery of palliative care in the UK, this paper examines how the end-of-life care of “minority ethnic” elders is talked about by professionals, highlighting the gaps that can exist between conceptual models and real-world practice. The role and relevance of cultural competence as an “abstract system” (Giddens, 1991) is examined critically and attention is drawn to the ethical potential of professional experiences of vulnerability and of not knowing what to do. It is contended that these components of care are marginalized in current approaches to cultural competence that can discourage engagement with socio-political realities and stifle emotional and moral thinking.
A Diagonal Fault Attack on the Advanced Encryption Standard

The present paper develops an attack on the AES algorithm, exploiting multiple byte faults in the state matrix. The work shows that inducing a random fault anywhere in one of the four diagonals of the state matrix at the input of the eighth round of the cipher leads to the deduction of the entire AES key. We also propose a more generalized fault attack which works if the fault induction does not stay confined to one diagonal. To the best of our knowledge, we present for the first time actual chip results for a fault attack on an iterative AES hardware running on a Xilinx FPGA platform. We show that when the fault stays within a diagonal, the AES key can be deduced with a brute force complexity of approximately 2, which was successfully performed in about 400 seconds on an Intel Xeon Server with 8 cores. We show further that even if the fault induction corrupts two or three diagonals, 2 and 4 faulty ciphertexts are necessary to uniquely identify the correct key.
Comparison of Aortic Root Dimensions and Geometries Before and After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation by 2- and 3-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography and Multislice Computed Tomography

Background—3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may provide more accurate aortic annular and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimensions and geometries compared with 2D TEE. We assessed agreements between 2D and 3D TEE measurements with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and changes in annular/LVOT areas and geometries after transcatheter aortic valve implantations (TAVI). Methods and Results—Two-dimensional circular (&pgr;×r2), 3D circular, and 3D planimetered annular and LVOT areas by TEE were compared with “gold standard” MSCT planimetered areas before TAVI. Mean MSCT planimetered annular area was 4.65±0.82 cm2 before TAVI. Annular areas were underestimated by 2D TEE circular (3.89±0.74 cm2, P<0.001), 3D TEE circular (4.06±0.79 cm2, P<0.001), and 3D TEE planimetered annular areas (4.22±0.77 cm2, P<0.001). Mean MSCT planimetered LVOT area was 4.61±1.20 cm2 before TAVI. LVOT areas were underestimated by 2D TEE circular (3.41±0.89 cm2, P<0.001), 3D TEE circular (3.89±0.94 cm2, P<0.001), and 3D TEE planimetered LVOT areas (4.31±1.15 cm2, P<0.001). Three-dimensional TEE planimetered annular and LVOT areas had the best agreement with respective MSCT planimetered areas. After TAVI, MSCT planimetered (4.65±0.82 versus 4.20±0.46 cm2, P<0.001) and 3D TEE planimetered (4.22±0.77 versus 3.62±0.43 cm2, P<0.001) annular areas decreased, whereas MSCT planimetered (4.61±1.20 versus 4.84±1.17 cm2, P=0.002) and 3D TEE planimetered (4.31±1.15 versus 4.55±1.21 cm2, P<0.001) LVOT areas increased. Aortic annulus and LVOT became less elliptical after TAVI. Conclusions—Before TAVI, 2D and 3D TEE aortic annular/LVOT circular geometric assumption underestimated the respective MSCT planimetered areas. After TAVI, 3D TEE and MSCT planimetered annular areas decreased as it assumes the internal dimensions of the prosthetic valve. However, planimetered LVOT areas increased due to a more circular geometry.
Fast synaptic inhibition promotes synchronized gamma oscillations in hippocampal interneuron networks

Networks of GABAergic interneurons are of critical importance for the generation of gamma frequency oscillations in the brain. To examine the underlying synaptic mechanisms, we made paired recordings from “basket cells” (BCs) in different subfields of hippocampal slices, using transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the parvalbumin promoter. Unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) showed large amplitude and fast time course with mean amplitude-weighted decay time constants of 2.5, 1.2, and 1.8 ms in the dentate gyrus, and the cornu ammonis area 3 (CA3) and 1 (CA1), respectively (33–34°C). The decay of unitary IPSCs at BC–BC synapses was significantly faster than that at BC–principal cell synapses, indicating target cell-specific differences in IPSC kinetics. In addition, electrical coupling was found in a subset of BC–BC pairs. To examine whether an interneuron network with fast inhibitory synapses can act as a gamma frequency oscillator, we developed an interneuron network model based on experimentally determined properties. In comparison to previous interneuron network models, our model was able to generate oscillatory activity with higher coherence over a broad range of frequencies (20–110 Hz). In this model, high coherence and flexibility in frequency control emerge from the combination of synaptic properties, network structure, and electrical coupling.
Kinetics of cytochrome C folding: Atomically detailed simulations

The vast range of time scales (from nanoseconds to seconds) during protein folding is a challenge for experiments and computations. To make concrete predictions on folding mechanisms, atomically detailed simulations of protein folding, using potentials derived from chemical physics principles, are desired. However, due to their computational complexity, straightforward molecular dynamics simulations of protein folding are impossible today. An alternative algorithm is used that makes it possible to compute approximate atomically detailed long time trajectories (the Stochastic Difference Equation in Length). This algorithm is used to compute 26 atomically detailed folding trajectories of cytochrome c (a millisecond process). The early collapse of the protein chain (with marginal formation of secondary structure), and the earlier formation of the N and C helices (compare to the 60's helix) are consistent with the experiment. The existence of an energy barrier upon entry to the molten globule is examined as well. In addition to (favorable) comparison to experiments, we show that non‐native contacts drive the formation of the molten globule. In contrast to popular folding models, the non‐native contacts do not form off‐pathway kinetic traps in cytochrome c. Proteins 2003;51:245–257. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Construction of polyepitope fusion antigens of human cytomegalovirus ppUL32: reactivity with human antibodies

We have previously shown that single linear epitopes of the major human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) antigens, expressed as fusion proteins or synthesized as oligopeptides, can be valuable diagnostic material in the serology of HCMV infection (M. P. Landini, M. X. Guan, G. Jahn, W. Lindenmaier, M. Mach, A. Ripalti, A. Necker, T. Lazzarotto, and B. Plachter, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:1375-1379, 1990; M. P. Landini, T. Lazzarotto, A. Ripalti, M. X. Guan, and M. La Placa, J. Clin. Microbiol. 27:2324-2327, 1989; A. Ripalti, M. P. Landini, E. S. Mocarski, and M. La Placa, J. Gen. Virol. 70:1247-1251, 1989). In this work we addressed the question of whether the expression of more than one linear epitope on a single fusion protein could increase the reactivity of genetically engineered antigenic material with human antibody. To answer this question we fused sequences expressing two different epitopes contained in the basic phosphoprotein of 150 kDa encoded by UL32 (M. S. Chee, A. T. Bankier, S. Beck, R. Bohni, C. M. Brown, T. Cerny, T. Hornsel, C. A. Hutchinson, T. Kouzarides, J. A. Martignetti, and B. G. Barrell, Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 154:125-169, 1990; G. Jahn, T. Kouzarides, M. Mach, B.-C. Scholl, B. Plachter, B. Traupe, E. Preddie, S. C. Satchwell, B. Fleckenstein, and B. G. Barrell, J. Virol. 61:1358-1367, 1987), ppUL32, which was repeatedly shown to be the strongest immunogen present in the viral particle. We also made fusions with sequences expressing a single epitope repeated once, twice, or three times. The different fusion proteins were tested with HCMV-positive human sera. We found that fusion proteins expressing different epitopes together were recognized by a larger number of serum specimens and with more intense reactions in Western blot (immunoblot) experiments. We also found evidence that expression on the same polypeptide of the two distinct epitopes produced a stronger antigen than the mere addition of two fusion proteins which each carried one copy of one of these epitopes. Furthermore, we found that while the same epitope expressed two or three times on the same fusion protein was not better recognized by immunoglobulin G than the single epitope, immunoglobulin M reactivities to the double and triple epitopes were enhanced.
Lexical and semantic clustering by Web links

Recent Web-searching and -mining tools are combining text and link analysis to improve ranking and crawling algorithms. The central assumption behind such approaches is that there is a correlation between the graph structure of the Web and the text and meaning of pages. Here I formalize and empirically evaluate two general conjectures drawing connections from link information to lexical and semantic Web content. The link-content conjecture states that a page is similar to the pages that link to it, and the link-cluster conjecture that pages about the same topic are clustered together. These conjectures are often simply assumed to hold, and Web search tools are built on such assumptions. The present quantitative confirmation sheds light on the connection between the success of the latest Web-mining techniques and the small world topology of the Web, with encouraging implications for the design of better crawling algorithms.
Optimal Image Blending for Underwater Mosaics

Typical problems for creation of consistent underwater mosaic are misalignment and inhomogeneous illumination of the image frames, which causes visible seams and consequently complicates post-processing of the mosaics such as object recognition and shape extraction. Two recently developed image blending methods were explored in the literature: "gradient domain stitching" and "graph-cut" method, and they allow for improvement of illumination inconsistency and "ghosting" effects, respectively. However, due to the specifics of underwater imagery, these two methods cannot be used within a straightforward manner. In this paper, a new improved blending algorithm is proposed based on these two methods. By comparing with the previous methods from a perceptual point of view and as a potential input for pattern recognition algorithms, our results show an improvement in decreasing the mosaic degradation due to feature doubling and rapid illumination change
Resource Deadlocks and Performance of Wormhole Multicast Routing Algorithms

We show that deadlocks due to dependencies on consumption channels are a fundamental problem in wormhole multicast routing. This type of resource deadlocks has not been addressed in many previously proposed wormhole multicast algorithms. We also show that deadlocks on consumption channels can be avoided by using multiple classes of consumption channels and restricting the use of consumption channels by multicast messages. We provide upper bounds for the number of consumption channels required to avoid deadlocks. In addition, we present a new multicast routing algorithm, column-path, which is based on the well-known dimension-order routing used in many multicomputers and multiprocessors. Therefore, this algorithm could be implemented in existing multicomputers with simple changes to the hardware. Using simulations, we compare the performance of the proposed column-path algorithm with the previously proposed Hamiltonian-path-based multipath and an e-cube-based multicast routing algorithms. Our results show that for multicast traffic, the column-path routing offers higher throughputs, while the multipath algorithm offers lower message latencies. Another result of our study is that the commonly implemented simplistic scheme of sending one copy of a multicast message to each of its destinations exhibits good performance provided the number of destinations is small.
Measuring how the head of department measures up: development of an evaluation framework for the head of department role

The head of department position has been an integral role in the organisational structure of colleges and universities for over a hundred years. Recently, many institutions of higher education have called on department heads to provide advancing quality management and leadership to academic units in response to an increasingly complex and competitive post‐secondary environment. To foster success in department heads’ expanding roles, many universities are making adjustments to aspects of the position to ensure that it is structured in a way that will allow its incumbent to provide quality management and leadership. Yet, most institutions pay little attention to the evaluation of changes they have made to the head of department position. This paper examines an initiative at Mount Royal University in Canada, to develop an evaluation framework for assessing extensive changes that were made to the head of department position. The resulting metrics of the evaluation framework include academic leadership, job satisfaction, retention and leadership continuity, which are posited as ‘head of department success measures’. Proposed methods of data collection to assess the metrics consist of on‐line surveys, exit interviews of outgoing chairs and gathering of human resource statistics. The author uses the Mount Royal University experience as a case for illustrating possible implications for like‐minded institutions.
Heat tolerance in Brazilian hair sheep

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate heat tolerance using heat tolerance indices, physiological, physical, thermographic, and hematological parameters in Santa Ines and Morada Nova sheep breeds in the Federal District, Brazil. Methods Twenty-six adult hair sheep, one and a half years old, from two genetic groups (Santa Ines: 12 males and 4 females; Morada Nova: 7 males and 3 females) were used and data (rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, skin temperatures; hematological parameters) were collected during three consecutive days, twice a day (morning and afternoon), with a total of six repetitions. Also physical parameters (biometric measurements, skin and hair traits) and heat tolerance indices (temperature-humidity index, Iberia and Benezra) were evaluated. The analyses included analyses of variance, correlation, and principal components with a significance level of 5%. Results The environmental indices, in general, indicate a situation of thermal discomfort for the animals during the afternoon. Breed significantly influenced (p<0.001) physiological and physical characteristics of skin, hair, biometric measurements and Iberia and Benezra heat tolerance indices. Santa Ines animals were bigger and had longer, greater number and darker hair, thicker skin, greater respiratory rate and Benezra index and lower Iberia index compared with Morada Nova breed. Conclusion Although both breeds can be considered adapted to the environmental conditions of the region, Morada Nova breed is most suitable for farming in the Midwest region. The positive correlation found between the thermographic temperatures and physiological parameters indicates that this technique can be used to evaluate thermal comfort. Also, it has the advantage that animals do not have to be handled, which favors animal welfare.
Religiosity, Empathy, and Psychopathology among Young Adult Children of Rabbis

Rabbis’ children experience unique stresses which may make them particularly susceptible to various forms of psychopathology. Fifty-three rabbis’ children completed questionnaires assessing their frequency of religious service attendance, their reactions towards being a rabbi's child, empathy levels, depressive, anxious, and disordered eating symptoms. Linear regression analyses were used for the separate outcome variables of depressive, anxiety, and disordered eating symptoms. More dissatisfaction with life as a rabbi's child was significantly associated with higher levels of depressive, Oral Control, and Bulimia and Food Preoccupation symptoms. Attending services daily was associated with higher levels of anxiety and Oral Control symptoms. Higher empathy levels were associated with higher anxiety, depressive and dieting symptoms. Finally, men demonstrated higher scores for Oral Control and women for Bulimia and Food Preoccupation. Counseling may be useful to aid rabbis’ children who may be challenged with depressive, anxious and disordered eating symptoms.
Cognitive failures, dysfunctional attitudes, and symptomatology: A longitudinal study

Abstract A longitudinal study is presented in which a group of mature students were assessed at four months apart for their symptom levels, the occurrence of life events, and two putative cognitive vulnerability measures of dysfunctional attitudes, and of a proneness to cognitive failures. The results showed that although both the Time 1 cognitive measures were significantly correlated with symptom levels four months later, only the effect for cognitive failures remained significant when the initial symptom levels were taken into consideration. Speculations are presented about the possible nature of this vulnerability, and it is concluded that future studies of cognitive vulnerability should not limit themselves to self-reported negative thoughts or attitudes.