Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR MANUFACTURE OF GULABJAMUN UTILIZING MORAIYO (Panicum miliare

Gulabjamun is a popular sweet prepared in all parts of India. Though there is a large variation in the sensory quality of Gulabjamun, the most liked product should have brown colour, smooth and spherical shape, soft and slightly spongy body free from lumps and hard central core, uniform granular texture, mildly cooked and oily flavour free from doughy feel and fully succulent with sugar syrup. The present investigation involved preparation of Gulabjamun by optimizing the rate of addition of moraiyo i.e. 20% (G1), 25% (G2), 30% (G3), 35% (G4), and 40% (G5) by weight of the khoa. Optimization of prepared moraiyo Gulabjamun was done by studying its compositional, physico-chemical, microbial and sensory properties. The shelf life of optimized moraiyo Gulabjamun was estimated by evaluating changes in physicochemical, sensory and microbial parameters during storage at room temperature and refrigerated temperature. The average compositions of moraiyo Gulabjamun were ranged from 67.56 to 71.39 per cent total solids; 11.09 to 12.32 per cent fat; 7.19 to 8.92 per cent protein; 1.23 and 1.90 per cent ash and 45.21 and 51.21 per cent total carbohydrates. The sugar absorption of moraiyo Gulabjamun was ranged from 100.64 to 114.77 g/100g. The experimental Gulabjamun when subjected to textural analysis values varied from 5.10 N to 8.16 N Hardness; 0.18 to 0.25 Cohesiveness ; 6.18 to 16.07 Nmm Chewiness; 0.93 to 2.11 N Gumminess , and 6.64 to 8.19 mm Springiness. The average sensory score for flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance and overall acceptability scores of experimental Gulabjamun ranged between 7.31 to 8.06, 7.12 to 7.95, 7.98 to 8.35, and 7.07 to 8.10 respectively. The rate of addition of moraiyo in khoa for Gulabjamun preparation had resulted in significant(P < 0.05) increased in TS, Ash and Total carbohydrate content of Gulabjamun while Fat and Protein content of Gulabjamun was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Sugar syrup absorption of Gulabjamun decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as the in the rate of addition of moraiyo increase in khoa.
Reinterpreting Importance-Weighted Autoencoders

The standard interpretation of importance-weighted autoencoders is that they maximize a tighter lower bound on the marginal likelihood than the standard evidence lower bound. We give an alternate interpretation of this procedure: that it optimizes the standard variational lower bound, but using a more complex distribution. We formally derive this result, present a tighter lower bound, and visualize the implicit importance-weighted distribution.
Maternal protein restriction that does not have an influence on the birthweight of the offspring induces morphological changes in kidneys reminiscent of phenotypes exhibited by intrauterine growth retardation rats

Severe restriction of maternal protein intake to 6–8% protein diet results in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), low birthweight and high risk of metabolic syndrome in the adult life of the offspring. However, little information is available on the effects of maternal protein restriction on offspring under the conditions that does not have an influence on their birthweight of the offspring,. In the present study, pregnant rats were kept on a diet consisting of either 9% (low‐protein, Lp rats) or 18% (normal‐protein, Np rats) protein by weight/volume/etc. After birth, both Lp and Np rats were kept on a diet containing 18% protein. Neonatal body weight was significantly lower in Lp rats compared to Np rats from 4 days to 5weeks after birth. While glomerular number per unit volume (1 mm3) of the kidney (Nv) was comparable between Lp and Np rats 4 weeks after birth, the Nv was significantly decreased in Lp rats at 20 weeks after birth. Four and 20 weeks after birth, glomerular sclerosis index, interstitial fibrosis score, and ratio of ED1‐positive cell ratio were all significantly higher in Lp compared to Np rats. Transforming growth factor‐β1‐positive cells were observed in the distal tubules in the kidney of 4‐ and 20‐week‐old Lp rats kidneys, but not in those of age‐matched Np rats. Altogether, these findings revealed that maternal protein restriction that does not have an influence on the birthweight of the offspring, induces similar changes as those seen in the kidneys of IUGR neonates.
Photo-Realistic Rendering of Fiber Assemblies

In this thesis we introduce a novel uniform formalism for light scattering from filaments, the Bidirectional Fiber Scattering Distribution Function (BFSDF). Similar to the role of the Bidirectional Surface Scattering Reflectance Distribution Function (BSSRDF) for surfaces, the BFSDF can be seen as a general approach for describing light scattering from filaments. Based on this theoretical foundation, approximations for various levels of abstraction are derived allowing for efficient and accurate rendering of fiber assemblies, such as hair or fur. In this context novel rendering techniques accounting for all prominent effects of local and global illumination are presented. Moreover, physically-based analytical BFSDF models for human hair and other kinds of fibers are derived. Finally, using the model for human hair we make a first step towards image-based BFSDF reconstruction, where optical properties of a single strand are estimated from ”synthetic photographs” (renderings) a full hairstyle.
Semantic Query Optimization by Subsumption in OODB

The purpose of semantic query optimization is to use semantic knowledge (e.g. integrity constraints) for transforming a query into a form that may be answered more eeciently than the original version. This paper proposes a general method for semantic query optimization in the framework of Object Oriented Database Systems. The method is applicable to the class of conjunctive queries and is based on two ingredients: a formalism able to express both class descriptions and integrity constraints rules as types; subsumption computation between types to evaluate the logical implications expressed by integrity constraints rules.
Effect of heat treatment On Microstructure of steel AISI 01 Tools

This study discusses the influence of quenching, normalizing, and annealing to changes in hardness, tensile, and microstructure of materials tool steel AISI 01 after the material undergo heat treatment process. This heat treatment process includes an initial warming of 600° C and a 5-minute detention time, followed by heating to an austenisation temperature of 850°C. After that a different cooling process, including annealing process, normalizing and quenching oil SAE 40. Tests performed include tensile, hard, and microstructure with shooting using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). This is done to see the effect of different heat treatment and cooling process. The result of this research is difference of tensile test value, hard, and micro structure from influence of difference of each process. The quenching process obtains the highest tensile and hard values followed by the normalizing process, annealing, and the lowest is in the starting material, this is because the initial material does not undergo heat treatment process. The resulting microstructure is pearlit and cementite, the difference seen from the shape and size of the grains. The larger the grain size, the greater the hardness.
Optimized Compact-Support Interpolation Kernels

In this paper, we investigate the problem of designing compact-support interpolation kernels for a given class of signals. By using calculus of variations, we simplify the optimization problem from an nonlinear infinite dimensional problem to a linear finite dimensional case, and then find the optimum compact-support function that best approximates a given filter in the least square sense (ℓ2 norm). The benefit of compact-support interpolants is the low computational complexity in the interpolation process while the optimum compact-support interpolant guarantees the highest achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Our simulation results confirm the superior performance of the proposed kernel compared to other conventional compact-support interpolants such as cubic spline.
Neuropsychological Effects of Third Ventricle Tumor Surgery

OBJECTIVEThis study assessed the neuropsychological outcome of patients after surgical treatment for third ventricle brain tumors. Neuropsychological consequences of surgical intervention can have a major impact on patients’ quality of life and therefore have important implications for treatment planning. METHODSA retrospective analysis of 33 patients’ neuropsychological data was performed. All patients received a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation after treatment for a primary brain tumor in the third ventricular region. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery, 14 via the transcallosal approach and 12 via a subfrontal, left transcortical, right pterional, or infratentorial supracerebellar approach. Seven patients were not treated by surgical intervention. RESULTSThere was a significantly elevated frequency of cognitive impairment relative to normative values in memory, executive functioning, and fine manual speed and dexterity. There were no differences in mean neuropsychological scores between patients who underwent surgery and those who did not. There were no differences in mean performance on the basis of surgical approach, tumor infiltration, or history of cranial irradiation. Repeated measures data available for two patients revealed memory impairment before and after surgery, and one patient experienced major improvement after surgery on a measure of mental flexibility and problem solving. CONCLUSIONPatients with third ventricle tumors are at risk for developing impairments in memory, executive function, and fine manual speed and dexterity, which are domains associated with frontal subcortical functions. In the current study, different types of treatment were not associated with differential cognitive sequelae, and surgical intervention did not account for cognitive deficits.
The Graph of the Hypersimplex

The (k,d)-hypersimplex is a (d-1)-dimensional polytope whose vertices are the (0,1)-vectors that sum to k. When k=1, we get a simplex whose graph is the complete graph with d vertices. Here we show how many of the well known graph parameters and attributes of the complete graph extend to a more general case. In particular we obtain explicit formulas in terms of d and k for the number of vertices, vertex degree, number of edges and the diameter. We show that the graphs are vertex transitive, hamilton connected, obtain the clique number and show how the graphs can be decomposed into self-similar subgraphs. The paper concludes with a discussion of the edge expansion rate of the graph of a (k,d)-hypersimplex which we show is at least d/2, and how this graph can be used to generate a random subset of {1,2,3,. ,d} with k elements.
Effects of stacking fault energies on formation of irradiation-induced defects at various temperatures in face-centred cubic metals

ABSTRACT By using the six sets of interatomic potentials for face-centred cubic metals that differ in the stacking fault energy (SFE) while most of the other material parameters are kept almost identical, we conducted molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the effects of SFE on the defect formation process through collision cascades. The simulations were performed at 100, 300 and 600 K, with a primary knock-on atom energy of 50 keV. The number of residual defects is not dependent on the SFE at all the temperatures. For clusters of self-interstitial atoms (SIAs), their clustering behaviour does not depend on the SFE, either. However, the ratio of glissile SIA clusters tends to decrease with increasing SFE. This is because perfect loops, the edges of which split into two partial dislocations with stacking fault structures between them in most cases, prefer to form at lower SFEs. The enhanced formation of glissile SIA clusters at lower SFEs can also be observed even at increased temperature. Because most large vacancy clusters have stacking fault structures, they preferentially form at lower SFE; however, it is observed only at the lowest temperature, where the mean size increases with decreasing SFE. At higher temperatures, because of their extremely low number density, the vacancy clustering behaviour does not depend on the SFEs.
AutoSCIL 200mm tooling in production, x-ray optics, and cell growth templates

We will introduce SCIL as a full-wafer soft-stamp base nanoimprint technique with the advantages of being able to replicate sub-10nm features and perform overlay alignment with sub-micron precision over 200mm wafers. The combination of PDMS based soft stamps and an inorganic crosslinking imprint resist leads to a very long stamp lifetime of over 700 imprints, as demonstrated in the AutoSCIL 200 high volume production tool. Initial applications for wafer based NIL mainly required only a single, first mask, patterning step. For optical applications high refractive index material which can be directly patterned with high fidelity and low shrinkage are desired and initial results of inorganic resists that reach a refractive index of n=1.8 are demonstrated. As NIL and the applications develop, overlay alignment is the next step. Here we will discuss the developments ongoing to integrate wafer scale overlay alignment in the AutoSCIL production platform and which would achieve ~1 micrometer overlay alignment over 200mm wafers. Two applications that make use of the ability of NIL to replicate large area nano-patterns (X-ray mirrors) and the combination of micro- and sub-20nm patterns in one layer / pattern (cell proliferation templates) are discussed.
Dual phase and rate coding in hippocampal place cells: Theoretical significance and relationship to entorhinal grid cells

We review the ideas and data behind the hypothesis that hippocampal pyramidal cells encode information by their phase of firing relative to the theta rhythm of the EEG. Particular focus is given to the further hypothesis that variations in firing rate can encode information independently from that encoded by firing phase. We discuss possible explanation of the phase‐precession effect in terms of interference between two independent oscillatory influences on the pyramidal cell membrane potential, and the extent to which firing phase reflects internal dynamics or external (environmental) variables. Finally, we propose a model of the firing of the recently discovered “grid cells” in entorhinal cortex as part of a path‐integration system, in combination with place cells and head‐direction cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and development of contactless interaction with computers based on the Emotiv EPOC+ device

Devices and methods for interaction with a computer do not change very often. However, with technology advancements, solutions for new ways of human-computer interaction are possible. Especially for physically disabled users, solutions for contactless interaction with a device promise new possibilities for independent computer use and management. In this study a solution for a contactless interaction with a computer was proposed based on a brain-computer interface (BCI) device Emotiv EPOC+. The EPOC+ device is able to detect brain signals, facial expressions or levels of engagement (e.g. frustration, mediation, etc.), eye movement and head position through the built-in gyroscope sensors. The contactless interaction solution proposed in this study was based on (1) mapping facial expressions into user interface commands, (2) head-movement detection for controlling the mouse cursor, and (3) a virtual keyboard, which was developed to enable text input. The proposed solution was tested in a quasi-experimental setting, where non-disabled users had to complete several computer tasks. After completing the tasks, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the proposed solution were assessed. At the end, limitations and future work are discussed.
Hysteresis in myo‐inositol utilization by Salmonella Typhimurium

Growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain 14028 with myo‐inositol (MI) as the sole carbon and energy source is characterized by a bistable phenotype that manifests in a growth phenotype with an extraordinarily long and length‐variable lag phase. However, in the presence of hydrogen carbonate, in the absence of IolR that represses the MI degradation pathway, or if cells are already adapted to minimal medium (MM) with MI, the lag phase is drastically shortened, and the bistable phenotype is abolished. We hypothesized that memory development or hysteresis is a further characteristic of MI degradation by S. Typhimurium; therefore, we investigated the transition from a short to a long lag phase in more detail. Growth experiments demonstrated that memory on the population level is successively lost within approximately 8 hr after cells, which had been adapted to MI utilization, were transferred to lysogeny broth (LB) medium. Flow cytometry (FC) analysis using a chromosomal fusion to PiolE, a promoter controlling the expression of the enzymatic genes iolE and iolG involved in MI degradation, indicated a gradual reversion within a few hours from a population in the “ON” status with respect to iolE transcription to one that is mainly in the “OFF” status. Growth and FC experiments revealed that IolR does not affect hysteresis.
A High-Performance Sensorless Position Control System of a Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using Dual Current-Slope Estimating Technique

This paper proposes an adaptive sensorless position control system for a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). By using the proposed dual current-slope estimating technique, the rotor position of the SynRM can be precisely obtained. In addition, a comparison which shows that the proposed dual current-slope method has better performance than the traditional single current-slope method is discussed. To improve the transient responses and load disturbance rejection capability, an adaptive controller and a novel online self-tuning-gain state estimator are proposed here. A TMS-320F-28335 digital signal processor is used to execute the rotor position estimation, self-tuning-gain state estimation, adaptive control algorithm, d-q to a-b-c coordinate transformation, and PWM switching strategy. As a result, the hardware circuit is very simple. Experimental results show that the proposed system has satisfactory performance and good robustness. The estimated position error of the proposed dual current-slope estimating method can be reduced to 50% as compared to the traditional single current-slope position estimating method. Several experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
Serum concentrations of extracellular fatty acid synthase in patients with steatohepatitis

Abstract Background: Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is an enzyme synthesized by the liver and plays an important role in lipogenesis. The present study aimed to assess whether serum FASN concentrations are altered in patients with chronic liver disease, and to investigate whether its measurement may be a useful tool in the clinical evaluation of this derangement. Methods: We investigated 93 patients with chronic liver disease (14 minimal change disease, 79 steatohepatitis) and 100 control subjects. Serum FASN concentrations were measured using ELISA. Results: Patients had a significant increase in serum FASN concentration (p<0.001), which was specifically associated with the hepatic Knodell sub-index III of portal inflammation (p=0.019). In addition, serum FASN concentrations were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (Spearman ρ=0.375; p<0.001) and type III procollagen-N-peptide (P-III-P) (Spearman ρ=0.297; p<0.001). Conclusions: Serum FASN concentrations are increased in patients with chronic liver impairment, and are associated with specific histological alterations and biochemical markers of portal inflammation. These data suggest that FASN measurement may contribute significantly to the evaluation of these patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009;47:1097–9.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Activity of Phthalocyanine Derivatives

Microbial pathogens have increasingly shown multidrug resistance posing a serious threat to the public health. Advances in technology are opening novel avenues for discovery of compounds that will mitigate the ever-increasing drug-resistant microbes. Use of photodynamic photosensitizer is one of the promising alternative approaches since they offer low risk of bacteria resistance as they use generated reactive oxygen species to kill the microbes. Phthalocyanine (Pc) is one such photosensitizer which has already shown promising antimicrobial photodynamic therapeutic properties. Previous studies have shown effectiveness of the Pc against Gram-positive bacteria. However, its effectiveness toward Gram-negative bacteria is limited by the impermeability of the bacteria’s outer membrane which is made up of lipopolysaccharides layer. The effectiveness of this photosensitizer is determined by its photophysical and photochemical properties such as singlet/triplet lifetimes, singlet oxygen quantum yields, and fluorescence quantum yield. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent significance advances on designing Pc that have this improved property by either conjugating with nanoparticles, quantum dots, functional groups in peripheral position, considering effect of cationic charge, and its position on the macrocycle.
Linking Brain Connectivity Across Different Time Scales with Electroencephalogram, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Structural and functional connectivity are intrinsic properties of the human brain and represent the amount of cognitive capacities of individual subjects. These connections are modulated due to development, learning, and disease. Momentary adaptations in functional connectivity alter the structural connections, which in turn affect the functional connectivity. Thus, structural and functional connectivity interact on a broad timescale. In this study, we aimed to explore distinct measures of connectivity assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging and their association to the dominant electroencephalogram oscillatory property at rest: the individual alpha frequency (IAF). We found that in 21 healthy young subjects, small intraindividual temporal IAF fluctuations were correlated to increased blood oxygenation level-dependent signal in brain areas associated to working memory functions and to the modulation of attention. These areas colocalized with functionally connected networks supporting the respective functions. Furthermore, subjects with higher IAF show increased fractional anisotropy values in fascicles connecting the above-mentioned areas and networks. Hence, due to a multimodal approach a consistent functionally and structurally connected network related to IAF was observed.