Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Motor Learning Relies on Integrated Sensory Inputs in ADHD, but Over‐Selectively on Proprioception in Autism Spectrum Conditions

The brain builds an association between action and sensory feedback to predict the sensory consequence of self‐generated motor commands. This internal model of action is central to our ability to adapt movements and may also play a role in our ability to learn from observing others. Recently, we reported that the spatial generalization patterns that accompany adaptation of reaching movements were distinct in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared with typically developing (TD) children. To test whether the generalization patterns are specific to ASD, here, we compared the patterns of adaptation with those in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Consistent with our previous observations, we found that in ASD, the motor memory showed greater than normal generalization in proprioceptive coordinates compared with both TD children and children with ADHD; children with ASD also showed slower rates of adaptation compared with both control groups. Children with ADHD did not show this excessive generalization to the proprioceptive target, but they did show excessive variability in the speed of movements with an increase in the exponential distribution of responses (τ) as compared with both TD children and children with ASD. The results suggest that slower rate of adaptation and anomalous bias towards proprioceptive feedback during motor learning are characteristics of autism, whereas increased variability in execution is a characteristic of ADHD. Autism Res 2012,••:••–••. © 2012 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interval predictors for unknown dynamical systems: an assessment of reliability

This paper presents new results for the assessment of reliability of predictive interval maps constructed using a consistency criterion with respect to a finite number of observations. Given a regression vector, our predictive map returns an interval in which the output of the unknown system is likely to fall at the next time instant. The key question we address is then the following: if the map has been constructed based on N observations, what is the probability that the next (unseen) output will actually fall in the interval predicted by the map? We answer to this fundamental question in two different settings. In the first setting we assume that the observations are statistically independent and identically distributed, while in the second setting we study the case when the observations are generated by a mixing remote process. This latter case is the most relevant in the applications, since it allows for statistical dependence between past and future observations.
Multi-scale modeling of subgrid-scale stresses in the Large-Eddy Simulation

This paper presents a multi-scale approach to the modeling of subgrid-scale (SGS) stresses in turbulent flows. An expression is derived that couples the SGS fluctuations to the resolved field with a dynamically-determined constant. From this expression the SGS stress may be computed. The approach is investigated in detail for isotropic decaying turbulence. A numerical a priori comparison of the method in predicting the eddy viscosity exhibits good agreement with direct numerical simulations. In particular, the method appears to perform well even when the energy-containing eddies are in the SGS part of the spectrum.
Intra-household Distribution of Expenditures in Rural Ethiopia: A Demand Systems Approach

This paper examines the combined effects of changes in prices, income and demographic composition on adult and young, male and female members of households. The recently developed Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) is used since a demand system provides a unified framework for analysing the combined effects in a systematic fashion. The ‘outlay equivalent method’, which was used with single demand equations in previous studies, is married to the demand system literature. Underlying preference structures for classifying goods into different groups is also examined by conducting alternative tests of separability in preferences. Panel/longitudinal data are used helping to control for household level heterogeneity. The empirical results show that Ethiopian rural households respond to price, income and demographic changes in a more complicated manner than usually assumed; demographic groups absorbing most of the impact differ for different types of changes. Changes in household income affect male members of households (men and boys) more than female members (women and girls). On the other hand, changes in price affect women and boys more than men and girls. In addition, adjustments in household expenditure due to demographic changes imply that boys are favoured relative to girls. But the overall position of boys and girls in the household depends not only on the ‘outlay equivalent ratios’ but also on the effects of changes in household income and prices as determined by budget and price elasticities. These findings show that households distribute risks among different demographic groups rather than only one group absorbing all shocks. The findings indicate that studies that only looked at the ‘outlay equivalent ratios’ tell only part of the story.
Disambiguating a Hybrid of Full-Form & Factorized

This paper introduces a two-layer stochastic system to automatically diacritize raw Arabic text that is known to be quite a tough problem. The first layer tries to decide about the most likely diacritics by choosing the sequence of full-form Arabic word diacritizations with maximum marginal probability via long A* lattice search and m-gram probability estimation. When full-form words happen to be out-of-vocabulary, the second layer is resorted to. This second layer factorizes each Arabic word into its possible morphological constituents (prefix, root, pattern and suffix), then uses m-gram probability estimation and A* lattice search to select among the possible factorizations to get the most likely diacritizations sequence. While the second layer has the advantage of excellent coverage over the Arabic language, the first layer enjoys a better disambiguation for the same size of training corpora especially for inferring syntactical (case-based) diacritics. The presented hybrid system enjoys the advantages of both layers. After a background on Arabic morphology & PoS tagging, the paper details the workings of both layers and the architecture of the hybrid system.
Integrated Guidance and Control of Interceptor Missile Based on Asymmetric Barrier Lyapunov Function

In this study, a novel integrated guidance and control (IGC) algorithm based on an IGC method and the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function is designed; this algorithm is designed for the interceptor missile which uses a direct-force/aerodynamic-force control scheme. First, by considering the coupling between the pitch and the yaw channels of the interceptor missile, an IGC model of these channels is established, and a time-varying gain extended state observer (TVGESO) is designed to estimate unknown interferences in the model. Second, by considering the system output constraint problem, an asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function and a dynamic surface sliding-mode control method are employed to design the control law of the pitch and yaw channels to obtain the desired control moments. Finally, in light of redundancy in such actuators as aerodynamic rudders and jet devices, a dynamic control allocation algorithm is designed to assign the desired control moments to the actuators. Moreover, the results of simulations show that the IGC algorithm based on the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function for the interceptor missile allows the outputs to meet the constraints and improves the stability of the control system of the interceptor missile.
Generative Models that Discover Dependencies Between Data Sets

We develop models for a kind of data fusion task: Combine multiple data sources under the assumption that data set specific variation is irrelevant and only between-data variation is relevant. We extend a recent generative modeling interpretation of Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), a traditional linear method applicable to this task, in a way which allows generalization to other types of models. The generative formulation makes all standard tools of Bayesian inference applicable. We finally introduce new dependency- seeking clustering models that outperform standard generative clustering models in their task.
Simultaneous mid-range power transfer to multiple devices

Electromagnetic resonators strongly coupled through their near-fields [A. Karalis, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljacic, Ann. Phys. 323, 34 (2008); A. Kurs, A. Karalis, R. Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, P. Fisher, and M. Soljacic, Science 317, 83 (2007)] are able to achieve efficient wireless power transfer from a source to a device separated by distances multiple times larger than the characteristic sizes of the resonators. This midrange approach is therefore suitable for remotely powering several devices from a single source. We explore the effect of adding multiple devices on the tuning and overall efficiency of the power transfer, and demonstrate this scheme experimentally for the case of coupling objects of different sizes: a large source (1 m2 in area) powering two smaller devices (each ≃0.07 m2 in area).
Improving localization in digital maps with grid maps

This paper presents a self-localization concept for road vehicles using only a mono camera as sensor. It employs a particle filter to estimate the global position based on a digital map of lane markings. A grid map is used to smoothen the lane marking detections. This approach is compared to an approach that does not rely on a grid map as an intermediate stage. Results obtained on real world data show improvements of the localization accuracy when a grid map is employed. Furthermore, a method to create digital maps of lane markings is presented.
The perceptions of learners on the effectiveness of e-learning in higher education: An empirical study

This paper examines the critical dimensions of the effectiveness of e-learning from the perspective of e-learners within the framework of pedagogy, technology and management of learning resources in higher education. A survey is conducted in an Australian University for exploring the association between the critical dimensions of e-learning and the learners' perceived impact of these dimensions on the e-learning effectiveness using multiple regression analysis. The results show that technology, management of learning resources, metadata and management effectiveness of learning resources positively influence the effectiveness of e-learning in higher education.
Compensated layout for automated accurate common-centroid capacitor arrays

In this paper, a layout scheme for accurate common-centroid rectangular unit-capacitor arrays is presented with detailed explanation of the rules used to improve matching. This layout technique is combined with a common-centroid arbitrary-value capacitor placement algorithm to form an automatic capacitor array generation tool. Finally, design and measurement results of a test chip that intends to evaluate the effectiveness of this automatic array generation tool are presented. Results indicate significant improvements in
Unravelling the complex drug–drug interactions of the cardiovascular drugs, verapamil and digoxin, with P-glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) plays a major role in promoting drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with verapamil and digoxin. In the present study, we present a comprehensive molecular and mechanistic model of Pgp DDIs encompassing drug binding, ATP hydrolysis, transport and conformational changes.
Effects of traffic density on performance of reactive routing protocols

A Mobile ADhoc NETwork, MANET is a collection of autonomous wireless mobile nodes forming frequently changing network topology. Nodes communicate with each other through wireless links that needs efficient dynamic routing protocols. Transmission range of wireless network interfaces is limited, so if any node wants to exchange data with another node across the network it needs multiple hops. As there is no stationary infrastructure such as base stations, mobile nodes need to operate as routers to maintain the information about the network connectivity. A number of routing protocols have been proposed for ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper, we study and compare the performance of the two prominent reactive MANET routing protocols: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV). The performance analyzed through NS2 based simulation by varying source destination pairs and pause time.
The determinants of international migration: Conceptualising policy, origin and destination effects

The effectiveness of migration policies has been widely contested in the face of their supposed failure to steer immigration and their hypothesized unintended, counter-productive effects. However, due to fundamental methodological and conceptual limitations, evidence has remained inconclusive. While the migration policy research is often descriptive and receiving-country biased, migration determinants research tends to be based on obsolete, theoretically void push-pull and gravity models which tend to omit crucial non-economic, sending-country and policy factors. More fundamentally, this state-of-the-art reveals a still limited understanding of the forces driving migration. Although there is consensus that macro-contextual economic and political factors and meso-level factors such as networks all play ‘some’ role, there is no agreement on their relative weight and mutual interaction. To start filling that gap, this paper outlines the contours of a conceptual framework for generating improved insights into the ways states and policies shape migration processes in their interaction with structural migration determinants in receiving and sending countries. First, it argues that the fragmented insights from different disciplinary theories can be integrated in one framework through conceptualizing virtually all forms of migration as a function of capabilities and aspirations. Second, to increase conceptual clarity it distinguishes the preponderant role of states in migration processes from the hypothetically more marginal role of specific immigration and emigration policies. Subsequently, it hypothesizes four different (spatial, categorical, inter-temporal, reverse flow) ‘substitution effects’ which can partly explain why polices fail to meet their objectives. This framework will serve as a conceptual guide for the DEMIG (The Determinants of International Migration) research project.
Unsupervised Word Polarity Tagging by Exploiting Continuous Word Representations

Sentiment analysis is the area of Natural Language Processing that aims to determine the polarity (positive, negative, neutral) contained in an opinionated text. A usual resource employed in many of these approaches are the so-called polarity lexicons. A polarity lexicon acts as a dictionary that assigns a sentiment polarity value to words. In this work we explore the possibility of automatically generating domain adapted polarity lexicons employing continuous word representations, in particular the popular tool Word2Vec. First we show a qualitative evaluation of a small set of words, and then we show our results in the SemEval-2015 task 12 using the presented method.
Chapter 5 : Basic sampling strategies : theory and practice

Programmes for conserving genetic resources have collected, received and stored hundreds of thousands of accessions of different cultivated species and their wild and weedy relatives. Collection and regeneration protocols must consider the species (i.e., allogamous, partially allogamous, autogamous and dioecious) to ensure that the sample is representative of the population. Previous studies have used allelic richness as the basic parameter for determining sample sizes for genetic resource conservation. The concept of variance effective population size is important to the measurement of genetic representativeness and has been successfully used in genetic conservation (regeneration and collection). The aim of this chapter is to show how to practically apply the theory developed earlier and to demonstrate its use for answering practical questions that a manager of genetic resource conservation might pose when collecting and regenerating plant genetic resources. This chapter explains strategies for determining efficient sample size in order to maintain the representativeness of the original diversity when collecting and regenerating genetic resources.
Observational evidence for mass ejection during soft X-ray dips in GRS 1915+105

We investigate the connection between the X-ray and radio properties of the Galactic microquasar GRS 1915+105, by analyzing the X-ray data observed with RXTE, during the presence of a huge radio flare (~450 mJy). The X-ray lightcurve shows two dips of ~100 s duration. Detailed time resolved spectral analysis shows the existence of three spectral components: a multicolor disk-blackbody, a Comptonized component due to hot plasma and a power-law. We find that the Comptonized component is very weak during the dip. This is further confirmed by the PHA ratio of the raw data and ratio of the lightcurves in different energy bands. These results, combined with the fact that the 0.5-10 Hz QPO disappears during the dip and that the Comptonized component is responsible for the QPO lead to the conclusion that during the dips the matter emitting Comptonized spectrum is ejected away. This establishes a direct connection between the X-ray and radio properties of the source.
Bridge employment: Can occupational self-efficacy determine which bridges are crossed?

A conceptual model examining the antecedents and outcomes of occupational self-efficacy among the older f workforce is presented. Proposed antecedents to occupational self-efficacy included self-perceived stereotypes and work demands. Outcomes explored are one's intention to continue in the same career, retire, or engage in some form of bridge employment. In addition, past predictors of retirement/employment decisions such as age, health, and income were utilized, in order to determine whether or not occupational self-efficacy aids in intention prediction over and above demographic variables. In total, five hypotheses were proposed and two were supported. For example, the more negative one's self-perceived age stereotype, the lower one scored on all three dimensions of the occupational self-efficacy scale. Furthermore, those with higher performance occupational self-efficacy were 5.21 times more likely to intend to engage in bridge employment than to retire. Additional results, implications, and future research areas are discussed.
Improving cross-validation based classifier selection using meta-learning

In this paper we compare classifier selection using cross-validation with meta-learning, using as meta-features both the cross-validation errors and other measures characterizing the data. Through simulation experiments we demonstrate situations where meta-learning offers better classifier selections than ordinary cross-validation. The results provide some evidence to support meta-learning not just as a more time efficient classifier selection technique than cross-validation, but potentially as more accurate. It also provides support for the usefulness of data complexity estimates as meta-features for classifier selection.
Characterization and Classification of Local Protein Surfaces Using Self-Organizing Map

Annotating protein structures is an urgent task as increasing number of protein structures of unknown function is being solved. To achieve this goal, it is critical to establish computational methods for characterizing and classifying protein local structures. The authors analyzed the similarity of local surface patches from 609 representative proteins considering shape and the electrostatic potential, which are represented by the 3D Zernike descriptors. Classification of local patches is done with the emergent self-organizing map (ESOM). They mapped patches at ligand binding-sites to investigate how they distribute and cluster among the ESOM map. They obtained 30-50 clusters of local surfaces of different characteristics, which will be useful for annotating surface of proteins.
Estimating Predictability: Redundancy and Surrogate Data Method

A method for estimating theoretical predictability of time series is presented, based on information-theoretic functionals---redundancies and surrogate data technique. The redundancy, designed for a chosen model and a prediction horizon, evaluates amount of information between a model input (e.g., lagged versions of the series) and a model output (i.e., a series lagged by the prediction horizon from the model input) in number of bits. This value, however, is influenced by a method and precision of redundancy estimation and therefore it is (a) normalized by maximum possible redundancy (given by the precision used), and (b) compared to the redundancies obtained from two types of the surrogate data in order to obtain reliable classification of a series as either unpredictable or predictable. The type of predictability (linear or nonlinear) and its level can be further evaluated. The method is demonstrated using a numerically generated time series as well as high-frequency foreigh exchange data and the theoretical predictability is compared to performance of a nonlinear predictor.
Design of a Compressor Load Stand Capable of Supplying Two-Phase Refrigerant at Two Intermediate Pressures

The development of compressors with refrigerant injection ports provides a less complex and less costly alternative to implementing multi-stage compressors with economization. The ports can be used to inject economized refrigerant during the compression process, which provides the desired cooling effect and decreases the work required to compress the gas per unit mass. Therefore, this paper presents the design of a compressor load stand for testing compressors with multiple injection ports. The load stand is based on a traditional hot gas bypass configuration but is capable of supplying refrigerant to injection ports at two different pressures between the compressor suction and discharge pressures. In addition, the state of the injected refrigerant can be controlled such that it is either superheated vapor or a saturated liquid-vapor mixture. To guide the design of the bench and size system components, a model was developed to predict the system performance with a commercially available R410A compressor that has a single injection port. The model is used to predict the range of injection conditions that the load stand will be able to achieve over a range of operating conditions.