Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cangrelor: an emerging therapeutic option for patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Objectives: To perform a systematic up-to-date review and critical discussion of potential clinical applications of cangrelor based on its pharmacologic properties and the main findings from randomized clinical studies. Methods: A database search (PubMed, CENTRAL and Google Scholar) by two independent investigators, including proceedings from scientific sessions of ACC, AHA, ESC, TCT and EuroPCR, from January 1998 through December 2013. Results: Cangrelor is a potent, intravenous, direct-acting P2Y12 antagonist with rapid onset and quickly reversible action. In contrast to ticagrelor, cangrelor’s interaction with thienopiridines requires termination of cangrelor infusion before switching to clopidogrel or prasugrel. According to randomized trials, a cangrelor–clopidogrel combination is relatively safe and more effective than the standard clopidogrel regimen in both urgent and elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) settings, with the advantage of this drug combination fully evident when the universal definition of myocardial infarction is applied. In contrast to available antiplatelet drugs with delayed onset and offset of action, its favorable properties make cangrelor a desirable agent for ad hoc elective PCI, high risk acute coronary syndromes treated with immediate coronary stenting and for bridging those surgery patients who require periprocedural P2Y12 inhibition. Current evidence on cangrelor therapy is limited by the lack of adequately powered studies assessing cangrelor co-administration either with prasugrel or ticagrelor, suboptimal design of some of the trials favoring cangrelor, potentially attenuated benefits with modern stent design, and finally, by the lack of survival advantage. Conclusions: With its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages, allowing consistent and strong P2Y12 inhibition, and with its rapid onset and swift reversal of action devoid of need for an antidote, cangrelor might improve clinical outcomes in clopidogrel-treated patients by reducing ischemic events, while maintaining a favorable safety profile. However, further studies, addressing the safety and efficacy of cangrelor on top of novel oral P2Y12 inhibitors, are warranted.
Bronchial responsiveness and inflammation in guinea pigs exposed to acrolein.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness can be produced experimentally after inhalation of numerous nonimmunospecific stimuli; our objective was to determine whether acrolein, a component of cigarette smoke, could increase bronchial reactivity to intravenously administered acetylcholine in guinea pigs. Bronchial responsiveness was assessed twice before and 1, 2, 6, and 24 h after exposures to less than or equal to 0.01 (sham), 0.31, 0.67, 0.94, or 1.26 parts per million for 2 h (5-7 guinea pigs/group). To examine the possible relationships of responsiveness to inflammatory mediator release and cellular infiltration, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in another 30 guinea pigs before (control) and 0, 1, 2, 6, or 24 h after exposures. Pulmonary resistance was increased immediately after exposure (5 min) and returned to control values within 30-60 min. Increased bronchial responsiveness was evident within 1 h and became maximal 2-4 h after exposure. The acetylcholine dose necessary to double resistance decreased from 104.2 +/- 7.3 to 79.6 +/- 15.9 at 1 h and was 32.5 +/- 7.9 at 2 h and 32.8 +/- 7.6 micrograms.kg-1 at 6 h. Increases in two eicosanoids, thromboxane B2 (from 167 +/- 21 to 314 +/- 77 pg/ml) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (from 98 +/- 20 to 285 +/- 62 pg/ml) occurred immediately after exposure, whereas an influx of neutrophils occurred 24 h later (from 2.2 +/- 1.2 to 11.3 +/- 3.6%). These temporal relationships suggest that neutrophil infiltration may be a sufficient but not a necessary condition for the onset of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and that injury to cells normally present in the lung are responsible for the mediators thought to influence bronchial responsiveness.
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Firmicutes Species Isolated from Anaerobic Biomass Hydrolysis

ABSTRACT A new Firmicutes isolate, strain HV4-6-A5C, was obtained from the hydrolysis stage of a mesophilic and anaerobic two-stage lab-scale leach-bed system for biomethanation of fresh grass. It is assumed that the bacterial isolate contributes to plant biomass degradation. Here, we report a draft annotated genome sequence of this organism.
Exploring the Impact of Flow Experience on Job performance

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between flow experience of elementary school teachers and their job performance. The study empirically tests predictions of relationship by using mail survey data from 150 elementary schools of teachers. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis showed that the flow experience positively impacts the job performance; the personality traits of conscientiousness and emotional stability moderated the relationship between flow experience and job performance. Findings of the study not only extend the exit aspect and concepts of flow theory, but also provide new insights into how flow can be comprehensive conceptualized in future research.
Sensor fusion calibration for driver asistance systems

This paper present a novel method to calibrate a sensor fusion system including a camera and a laser scanner. The method employs Nelder-Mead direct search algorithm to minimise the sum of squared errors between the image co-ordinates and the re-projected laser data by iteratively adjusting and improving the calibration parameters. Using 11 well spaced target points observable by each sensor 12 unknown intrinsic and extrinsic calibration parameters can be estimated. Experiments show the method can project the laser points onto the image plane with an average error of 0.52px.
Rhombus-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure for 140 GHz traveling-wave tube

The simulation study on the rhombus-shaped microstrip meander-line slow-wave structure for 140 GHz traveling-wave tube iSs presented. The electromagnetic characteristics and beam-wave interaction of this structure are calculated. From our calculations, it is predicted that this rhombus-shaped microstrip meander-line traveling-wave tube is capable of delivering tens of watts output power.
Interleukin 12 is produced in vivo during endotoxemia and stimulates synthesis of gamma interferon

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is produced in response to circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes to the lethality of endotoxic shock. To address the cellular source of IFN-gamma production in vivo, T cells and B cells were magnetically purified from C57BL/6 mouse spleens 5 h following endotoxin injection. IFN-gamma RNA was abundant in splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and in a T- and B-cell-depleted population of splenocytes containing 34% NK1.1+ natural killer (NK) cells. Because interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a known inducer of IFN-gamma synthesis by cultured T cells and NK cells, we examined whether IL-12 might be involved in IFN-gamma release during endotoxemia. mRNA encoding the p40 subunit of IL-12 increased markedly in the spleens of C57BL/6 mice at 2 h after LPS injection, whereas p35 IL-12 mRNA was constitutively expressed at all times. Bioactive IL-12 (p70 heterodimer) was detected in mouse serum at 2 to 4 h after LPS injection. Similar results were obtained using a p40 subunit-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Endotoxin-insensitive C3H/HeJ mice generated threefold less IL-12 p70 and IFN-gamma at these times than endotoxin-sensitive C3H/HeOuJ mice. Pretreatment of mice with polyclonal anti-mouse IL-12 antibody reduced IFN-gamma levels present at 6 h post-LPS nearly sixfold in three separate experiments. These studies support a role for IL-12 as a proximal stimulator of IFN-gamma release during endotoxemia.
Head‐to‐head comparison between Actigraph 7164 and GT1M accelerometers in adolescents

We compared, head‐to‐head, the old generation Actigraph model 7164 with the new generation Actigraph GT1M accelerometer. A total of 15 randomly selected teenagers (eight girls and seven boys) were investigated. They performed a treadmill test wearing the two kinds of accelerometers around the waist simultaneously. The treadmill test consisted of three different levels of speed 4, 6 and 8 km h−1 for four consecutive minutes. Accelerometer counts per 1 sec epoch for the Actigraph GT1M versus the Actigraph 7164 were at 4 km h−1 21·6 ± 12·9 versus 26·5 ± 11·5 counts, at 6 km h−1 56·0 ± 23·2 versus 62·9 ± 25·6 counts and at 8 km h−1 142·6 ± 37·2 versus 156·4 ± 34·9 counts (P<0·01 for all levels of speed). Data from the old generation Actigraph 7164 and the new generation Actigraph GT1M accelerometers differ, where the Actigraph GT1M generates 10‐23% lower values. Correction equation for Actigraph GT1M was Actigraph 7164 = 5·2484 + Actigraph GT1M counts × 1·0448. These results need to be taken into consideration when using these devices.
Somal membrane properties of physiologically identified sensory neurons in the rat: effects of nerve growth factor.

1. Intracellular recordings were made in situ from physiologically identified dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells in untreated rats aged 5-8 wk and in rats treated from birth to 5 wk of age with nerve growth factor (NGF) or antisera against NGF (anti-NGF). 2. As demonstrated in cats, the shape of the somal action potential (AP) of DRG cells of normal rats is correlated with peripheral receptor type. Cells that innervate high-threshold mechanoreceptors (HTMRs) and thus respond to noxious stimulation of skin or deep tissue in the periphery have long-duration APs characterized by an inflection on the falling limb of the spike. Cells that innervate low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs) have briefer APs that lack the inflection. Somal APs of neurons supplying HTMRs tend to be larger in amplitude, have slower peak rates of rise, and on average have longer afterhyperpolarizations than those innervating LTMRs. 3. It was also found that the somal APs of HTMRs were not blocked by 200 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) applied directly to the surface of the ganglion. In contrast, those of LTMRs were rapidly and irreversibly blocked. Despite the difference in the sensitivity of the soma, axonal conduction in both types of cells was abolished by TTX. 4. Chronic treatment with NGF resulted in an increase in duration of the falling limb of the spike compared with untreated control animals or animals treated with preimmune rabbit serum. This was true only in cells that had long duration APs to begin with, i.e., HTMRs. LTMRs were unaffected by the treatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A classification algorithm of signed networks based on link analysis

In the signed networks the links between nodes can be either positive (means relations are friendship) or negative (means relations are rivalry or confrontation), which are very useful for analysis the real social network. After study data sets from Wikipedia and Slashdot networks, We find that the signs of links in the fundamental social networks can be used to classified the nodes and used to forecast the potential emerged sign of links in the future with high accuracy, using models that established across these diverse data sets. Based on the models, the proposed algorithm in the artwork provides perception into some of the underlying principles that extract from signed links in the networks. At the same time, the algorithm shed light on the social computing applications by which the attitude of a person toward another can be predicted from evidence provided by their around friends relationships.
THERMAL MECHANISMS OF INTERACTION OF RADIOFREQUENCY ENERGY WITH BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS WITH RELEVANCE TO EXPOSURE GUIDELINES

This article reviews thermal mechanisms of interaction between radiofrequency (RF) fields and biological systems, focusing on theoretical frameworks that are of potential use in setting guidelines for human exposure to RF energy. Several classes of thermal mechanisms are reviewed that depend on the temperature increase or rate of temperature increase and the relevant dosimetric considerations associated with these mechanisms. In addition, attention is drawn to possible molecular and physiological reactions that could be induced by temperature elevations below 0.1 degrees, which are normal physiological responses to heat, and to the so-called microwave auditory effect, which is a physiologically trivial effect resulting from thermally-induced acoustic stimuli. It is suggested that some reported “nonthermal” effects of RF energy may be thermal in nature; also that subtle thermal effects from RF energy exist but have no consequence to health or safety. It is proposed that future revisions of exposure guidelines make more explicit use of thermal models and empirical data on thermal effects in quantifying potential hazards of RF fields.
Treatment of pituitary gigantism with the growth hormone receptor antagonist pegvisomant.

CONTEXT Treatment of pituitary gigantism is complex and the results are usually unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to describe the results of therapy of three children with pituitary gigantism by a GH receptor antagonist, pegvisomant. DESIGN This was a descriptive case series of up to 3.5 yr duration. SETTING The study was conducted at a university hospital. PATIENTS Patients included three children (one female, two males) with pituitary gigantism whose GH hypersecretion was incompletely controlled by surgery, somatostatin analog, and dopamine agonist. INTERVENTION The intervention was administration of pegvisomant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Plasma IGF-I and growth velocity were measured. RESULTS In all three children, pegvisomant rapidly decreased plasma IGF-I concentrations. Growth velocity declined to subnormal or normal values. Statural growth fell into lower growth percentiles and acromegalic features resolved. Pituitary tumor size did not change in two children but increased in one boy despite concomitant therapy with a somatostatin analog. CONCLUSIONS Pegvisomant may be an effective modality for the therapy of pituitary gigantism in children. Titration of the dose is necessary for optimal efficacy, and regular surveillance of tumor size is mandatory.
Genetic evidence for multiple events of hybridization between wolves and domestic dogs in the Iberian Peninsula

Hybridization between wild species and their domestic counterparts may represent a major threat to natural populations. However, high genetic similarity between the hybridizing taxa makes the detection of hybrids a difficult task and may hinder attempts to assess the impact of hybridization in conservation biology. In this work, we used a combination of 42 autosomal microsatellites together with Y‐chromosome microsatellite‐defined haplotypes and mtDNA sequences to investigate the occurrence and dynamics of wolf–dog hybridization in the Iberian Peninsula. To do this, we applied a variety of Bayesian analyses and a parallel set of simulation studies to evaluate (i) the differences between Iberian wolves and dogs, (ii) the frequency and geographical distribution of hybridization and (iii) the directionality of hybridization. First, we show that Iberian wolves and dogs form two well‐differentiated genetic entities, suggesting that introgressive hybridization is not a widespread phenomenon shaping both gene pools. Second, we found evidence for the existence of hybridization that is apparently restricted to more peripheral and recently expanded wolf populations. Third, we describe compelling evidence suggesting that the dynamics of hybridization in wolf populations is mediated by crosses between male dogs and female wolves. More importantly, the observation of a population showing the occurrence of a continuum of hybrid classes forming mixed packs may indicate that we have underestimated hybridization. If future studies confirm this pattern, then an intriguing avenue of research is to investigate how introgression from free‐ranging domestic dogs is enabling wolf populations to adapt to the highly humanized habitats of southern Europe while still maintaining their genetic differentiation.
Risk factors for atrial fibrillation incidence and progression

During atrial fibrillation (AF) irregular activation of the hearts atria occur, causing an irregular heart rate and altered blood flow. AF is the most common heart rhythm disorder, causing stroke, heart failure, dementia, reduced quality of life and high health care expences. AF is diagnosed increasingly frequent, at increasingly young age. Treatment requires knowledge on factors that may cause AF, which may help prevent occurence of AF and AF progression. AF progression is the proces by which scar tissue forms in the atria, which goes hand-in-hand with increased episodes of AF and AF-related complications. Examples of traditional risk factors for AF are hypertension, heart infarction and heart failure. However risk factors are changing because of improved treatment, increasing age of the population and changing lifestyle. We investigated risk factors for AF incidence and progression. We found that obesity nowadays has become an important risk factor for atrial fibrillation occurrence, at both younger age (<60 years) and older age. At younger age heritable factors seem to be more important than at older age, conversely, some traditional risk factors are less important at younger age. Furthermore, presence of AF related symtoms (e.g. shortness of breath) may be a sign of present risk factors, more AF related complications and therefore AF progression. Finally, we found that even in young patients with AF and obesity, atrial function is reduced, which is an early sign of scar tissue formation. This again underlines that AF treatment should embrace lifestyle change and weightloss.
Potential legacy effects of biofuel cropping systems on soil microbial communities in southern Wisconsin, USA.

Soil microbial community structure is clearly linked to current plant species composition, but less is known about the legacy effects of plant species and agricultural management practices on soil microbial communities. Using microbial lipid biomarkers, we assessed patterns of community-level diversity and abundance at depths of 0 - 10 and 10 - 25 cm from three hay (alfalfa/orchardgrass) and two corn plots in southern Wisconsin. Principal components analysis of the lipid biomarkers revealed differential composition of the soil microbial communities at the two depths. Despite similar abundance of fungi, bacteria, actinomycete, protozoa, and total microbial lipids in the hay and corn at 0 - 10 cm, community structure differed with a significantly higher absolute abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and gram-negative bacteria in the hay plots. No significant microbial lipid mass differences were detected between the two management regimes at 10 - 25 cm, but the proportional dominance of bacterial gram type differed with depth. These results indicate the potential for legacy effects of annual and perennial cropping systems management on microbial community composition and suggests the importance of considering past land-use when initiating long-term agroecological trials.
Contributions à la Vision par Ordinateur pour les Systèmes en Lumière Structurée et les Systèmes Catadioptriques

Mes travaux de recherche concernent essentiellement la vision par ordinateur, ou vision artificielle. Basiquement, je me suis efforce d'imaginer des dispositifs, d'etudier des algorithmes, d'integrer des methodes et techniques connues dans des methodologies nouvelles, de developper ca et la des aspects theoriques originaux. Je me suis beaucoup interesse a des systemes de vision alternatifs comme les systemes en lumiere structuree ou catadioptriques. Ces systemes permettent d'etudier les techniques usuelles de vision par ordinateur sous un eclairage different, ils nous obligent a ajuster le probleme aux caracteristiques qui leur sont propres ; ils permettent, en quelque sorte, d'apprehender la vision par ordinateur "de biais". J'ai participe, de maniere plus marginale, a des travaux sur la chirurgie virtuelle et la reconstruction d'objets transparents qui, chacun a leur maniere, sont venus completer le cadre de ce que sont mes activites de recherche. Ce qui les ont animees tient en une phrase : comment passer d'une image a sa representation tridimensionnelle ? - et en corollaire : quelles sont les informa- tions dont j'ai besoin pour y parvenir ? comment adapter le capteur, le principe ou la methode a l'application et comment adapter les traitements au capteur ? Ceci m'a conduit a etudier, en amont, le traitement des images et a m'aventurer parfois dans des domaines qui vont au-dela de mon champ de competence, comme celui de l'imagerie polarimetrique ou de la physique.
Field Education and Community-Based Planning in a Worst-Case Scenario

Community-engaged planning education and community-based planning are often uphill battles. This article uses the case of a Mexican village to illustrate a pedagogical model that trains students as participatory planners by immersing them in a community-based planning project, an approach we call transformative learning and community development. We join larger debates on education and participation—arguing that students can and should learn about participatory planning by doing it; that while community participation sometimes reproduces unequal power relations, it can also be structured to challenge them; and that successful planning and teaching require a dialectic between expertise and broad participation.
On Maximizing the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks in Event-Driven Applications With Mobile Sinks

Recent studies have shown that utilizing a mobile sink (MS) to harvest and carry data from a wireless sensor network (WSN) can enhance network operations and increase the network lifetime. Since a significant portion of sensor nodes' energy is consumed for data transmission to an MS, the specific trajectory has a profound influence on the lifetime of a WSN. In this paper, we study the problem of controlling sink mobility in event-driven applications to achieve maximum network lifetime. In these applications, an MS with limited velocity has to harvest the captured data of events from a group of sensor nodes in a specific time as a reporting time slot. We show that this problem is NP-hard, and then, we propose a convex optimization model inspired by the support vector regression technique to determine an optimal trajectory of an MS without considering predefined structures such as a virtual grid or rendezvous points. The effectiveness of our approach is validated via the extensive number of simulation runs and comparison with other algorithms.
Sec24 interaction is essential for localization and virulence‐associated function of the bacterial effector protein NleA

Enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) are food‐borne pathogens that cause severe diarrhoeal disease in humans. Citrobacter rodentium is a related mouse pathogen that serves as a small animal model for EPEC and EHEC infections. EPEC, EHEC and C. rodentium translocate bacterial virulence proteins directly into host cells via a type III secretion system (T3SS). Non‐LEE‐encoded effector A (NleA) is a T3SS effector that is common to EPEC, EHEC and C. rodentium and is required for bacterial virulence. NleA localizes to the host cell secretory pathway and inhibits vesicle trafficking by interacting with the Sec24 subunit of mammalian coatamer protein II complex (COPII). Mammalian cells express four paralogues of Sec24 (Sec24A–D), which mediate selection of cargo proteins for transport and possess distinct, but overlapping cargo specificities. Here, we show that NleA binds Sec24A–D with two distinct mechanisms. An NleA protein variant with greatly diminished interaction with all Sec24 paralogues does not properly localize, does not inhibit COPII‐mediated vesicle budding, and does not confer virulence in the mouse infection model. Together, this work provides strong evidence that the interaction and inhibition of COPII by NleA is an important aspect of EPEC‐ and EHEC‐mediated disease.