Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual Similarity-Based Phishing Detection Scheme Using Image and CSS with Target Website Finder

The detection of phishing websites and identifying their target are imperative. Among several phishing detection schemes, the scheme using visual similarity is gathering attention. It takes a screenshot of website and stores it to the database. If the inputted website''s screenshot is similar to database''s one, it is judged as phishing. However, if multiple similar websites exist, the first inputted website is regarded as legitimate. As a result, it cannot correctly detect legitimate website and identifying phishing target becomes difficult. As a second shortcoming, if the screenshot of phishing website is locally different from ones in the database, false negative occurs. In this paper, we propose visual similarity-based phishing detection scheme using image and CSS with target website finder. To remedy first shortcoming, we focus on the fact that legitimate websites are often linked by other websites and regard such website as legitimate and store the screenshot and CSS in the database. Since CSS is a file which defines the websites visual contents, attackers often steal legitimate CSS to mimic the legitimate website. Thus, by detecting the website which plagiarizes appearance or CSS of legitimate website, we detect phishing website and its target simultaneously. Moreover, we can alleviate the second shortcoming by using CSS because it is probable that the websites which have locally different appearance use identical CSS. By computer simulation with real dataset, we demonstrate our scheme improves detection accuracy while finding phishing target.
Causal Probabilistic Network and Power Spectral Estimation Used in Sleep Stage Classification

Abstract. A new method for sleep-stage classification using a causal probabilistic network as automatic classifier has been implemented and validated. The system uses features from the primary sleep signals from the brain (EEG) and the eyes (AOG) as input. From the EEG, features are derived containing spectral information which is used to classify power in the classical spectral bands, sleep spindles and K-complexes. From AOG, information on rapid eye movements is derived. Features are extracted every 2 seconds. The CPN-based sleep classifier was implemented using the HUGIN system, an application tool to handle causal probabilistic networks. The results obtained using different training approaches show agreements ranging from 68.7 to 70.7% between the system and the two experts when a pooled agreement is computed over the six subjects. As a comparison, the interrater agreement between the two experts was found to be 71.4%, measured also over the six subjects.
The development of the Edinburgh modular arm system

Abstract Modularity has not been investigated in any significant way in the development of upperlimb prostheses. The components currently available are the results of different research programmes conducted at different times by a variety of academic and commercial teams. The result is a historical hodge-podge of systems which are largely mutually exclusive in terms of compatibility. The Edinburgh work seeks to solve this problem by designing components which are neutral in structural terms so that left- and right-handed prostheses can be configured from the same basic parts. Currently, child and adult components are separate items; this does not need to be the case and the design presented here allows adult elbow parts to be used as children's shoulders. This paper will cover the rationale behind the design values and the technical aspects of the development.
Gene Expression and Activity of Enzymes in the Arginine Biosynthetic Pathway in Porcine Fetal Small Intestine

We recently reported the presence of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) enzymatic activity and mRNA expression in the intestine of fetal pigs from 30 to 110 d of gestation. Here we describe the activities and mRNA expression patterns of other key enzymes in the arginine biosynthetic pathway, specifically carbamoyl phosphate synthase I (CPS-I), ornithine carbamoyl transferase (OCT), and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), in the fetal porcine small intestine from 30 to 110 d of gestation. The activities of all three enzymes increased from d 30 to d 110 of gestation, and in situ hybridization demonstrates that 1) CPS-I and OCT genes are expressed in distinct patterns and are confined to the mucosal epithelium and 2) P5CR mRNA is present in mucosal epithelium and lamina propria of the fetal porcine small intestine from d 30 to d 110 of gestation. The presence of CPS-I and OCT in conjunction with the presence of OAT suggests that the fetal porcine small intestine is capable of synthesizing citrulline from P5C. In addition, the presence of P5CR suggests that the fetal porcine small intestine is able to synthesize proline from ornithine via OAT. This ability of the fetal small intestine to synthesize amino acids may be important for development and metabolic activity of the intestine during somatic growth of the fetus.
The effects of physical exercise on plasma prebeta-1 high-density lipoprotein.

The impact of physical exercise on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism is recognized as a major mechanism of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk reduction. Prebeta-1 HDL subparticle species play a pivotal role in initiating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). We examined the effect of acute physical exercise on plasma prebeta-1 HDL levels. Nineteen nonsmoking, healthy men (n = 11) and women (n = 8) not receiving lipid-altering medications completed dietary surveys, and had percent body fat determinations, and fasting blood drawn for measurements of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and absolute and percent prebeta-1 HDL. Each subject completed cardiopulmonary exercise stress testing to Vo(2max) followed by a 4-km course of run-jogging. Laboratory measurements were repeated from blood drawn immediately after exercise. Mean +/- SD values were determined for age, percent body fat, dietary calories, dietary cholesterol, dietary fat, and plasma lipids, lipoproteins, Apo A-I, and absolute and percent prebeta-1 HDL using 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). One-way ANOVA comparisons were made for measurements of plasma lipids, lipoproteins, Apo A-I, and absolute and percent prebeta HDL measurements taken before and after exercise for all subjects combined. Entry characteristics showed the following (mean +/-SD): age, 24 +/- 5.8 years; body mass index (BMI), 22.4 +/- 2.6; percent body fat, 13 +/- 5.7; and Vo(2max), 49.1 +/- 7.9 mL O(2)/kg/min. Exercise significantly increased absolute plasma prebeta HDL (0.10 +/- 0.05 to 0.130 +/- 0.07 microg/mL, P =.039) and decreased plasma HDL-triglycerides (23.3 +/- 10.8 to 12.5 +/- 5.6 mg/dL, P =.012). Our findings indicate that prebeta-1 HDL and HDL-triglyceride metabolism are significant components of the effect of acute exercise on RCT. These findings have important relevance for studies pertaining to exercise-related effects on HDL metabolism as pertains to CAD risk reduction.
[Effects of shadow boxing training on exercise endurance and quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of shadow boxing training on the exercise endurance and quality of life of Chinese patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). METHODS From May 2010 to March 2011, a total of 70 COPD patients in stable phases were recruited from Liwan, Yuexiu and Haizhu districts of Guangzhou. There were 35 patients in the shadow boxing exercise group and 35 patients in the control group. And they were matched by gender and age. The patients in the shadow boxing group exercised for 3 months while those in the control group received the conventional out-hospital management only. Their demographic, medical history, smoking status, medicinal use, spirometric data, clinical COPD questionnaire (CCQ) scores, 6-minute walking distance and Borg scores were collected before and after trial. RESULTS A total of 63 COPD patients (33 in shadow boxing group vs. 30 in control group) completed the study. There was an average dropout rate of 5.7% (2/35) in shadow boxing group and 14.3% (5/35) in control group. No differences existed between two groups in age (67 ± 8 vs 69 ± 9 yr), male proportion (84.8% vs 86.7%), body mass index (22.8 ± 2.6 vs 22.7 ± 3.0), usage proportion of medicine (42.4% vs 33.3%), duration of disease (4.0 ± 7.5 vs 5.5 ± 7.3), percentage of smokers (78.8% vs 80.0%), 6-minute walking distance (447 ± 94 vs 414 ± 100), CCQ total score (15.0 ± 9.4 vs 14.1 ± 8.8), CCQ symptom score (9.2 ± 5.6 vs 8.3 ± 5.0) and activity score (5.8 ± 4.5 vs 5.8 ± 4.4) at baseline (all P > 0.05). At the end of study, the 6-minute walking distance of patients had statistical differences between two groups (P < 0.01). The shadow boxing group increased by (51 ± 55) m while the control dropped by (19 ± 58) m. The total score, symptom score and activity score of clinical COPD questionnaire had statistical differences between two groups. They decreased significantly in the shadow boxing group as compared with the baseline data while there was no significant change in the control group. No statistical differences existed between two groups in the changes of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), FEV(1)% pred, Borg score and dyspnea scales. CONCLUSION Capable of improving the exercise endurance and life quality of COPD patients, shadow boxing exercise may become one of effective rehabilitation programs for COPD patients in stable phases in communities.
3D spatial-temporal view based motion tracing in human action recognition

The paper presents an extended approach of Motion History Image to trace the human motions in a video for recognizing the human actions. The video is represented as a 3D volume space and the trace of human motions are projected onto the three different views called 3D spatio-temporal plane. The extended view traces both the human shape and movement in different directions over the time. The Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features are extracted over all the projection plane which gives more distinct features for the action classification. Since HOG features data has high dimensionality, the optimal feature subset is selected by using the feature selection techniques. Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) of multi-class classifier is used to identify the various actions of human. The various experiments are conducted on benchmark dataset KTH and results shows that the proposed method improves the action recognition rate compared to the existing methods.
In Vitro Reconstitution of a Functional Duck Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase: Posttranslational Activation by Hsp90

ABSTRACT Reverse transcription in hepatitis B viruses is initiated through a unique protein priming mechanism whereby the viral reverse transcriptase (RT) first assembles into a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex with its RNA template and then initiates DNA synthesis de novo using the RT itself as a protein primer. RNP formation and protein priming require the assistance of host cell factors, including the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). To better understand the mechanism of RT activation by Hsp90, we have now mapped the minimal RT sequences of the duck hepatitis B virus that are required for chaperone binding, RNP formation, and protein priming. Furthermore, we have reconstituted in vitro both RNP formation and protein priming using purified RT proteins and host factors. Our results show that (i) Hsp90 recognizes two independent domains of the RT, both of which are necessary for RNP formation and protein priming; (ii) Hsp90 function is required not only to establish, but also to maintain, the RT in a state competent for RNA binding; and (iii) Hsp90 is not required during RT synthesis and can activate the RT posttranslationally. Based on these findings, we propose a model for Hsp90 function whereby the chaperone acts as an active interdomain bridge to bring the two RT domains into a poised but labile conformation competent for RNP formation. It is anticipated that the reconstitution system established here will facilitate the isolation of additional host factors required for RT functions and further elucidation of the mechanisms of RT activation.
Diversity of Bacteria Associated with Natural Aphid Populations

ABSTRACT The bacterial communities of aphids were investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments generated by PCR with general eubacterial primers. By both methods, theγ -proteobacterium Buchnera was detected in laboratory cultures of six parthenogenetic lines of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and one line of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae, and one or more of four previously described bacterial taxa were also detected in all aphid lines except one of A. pisum. These latter bacteria, collectively known as secondary symbionts or accessory bacteria, comprised three taxa of γ-proteobacteria (R-type [PASS], T-type [PABS], and U-type [PAUS]) and a rickettsia (S-type [PAR]). Complementary analysis of aphids from natural populations of four aphid species (A. pisum [n= 74], Amphorophora rubi [n= 109], Aphis sarothamni [n= 42], and Microlophium carnosum [n= 101]) from a single geographical location revealed Buchnera and up to three taxa of accessory bacteria, but no other bacterial taxa, in each aphid. The prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa varied significantly among aphid species but not with the sampling month (between June and August 2000). These results indicate that the accessory bacterial taxa are distributed across multiple aphid species, although with variable prevalence, and that laboratory culture does not generally result in a shift in the bacterial community in aphids. Both the transmission patterns of the accessory bacteria between individual aphids and their impact on aphid fitness are suggested to influence the prevalence of accessory bacterial taxa in natural aphid populations.
Functional replacement of genes for individual polyketide synthase components in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) by heterologous genes from a different polyketide pathway

Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Streptomyces violaceoruber Tü22 produce the antibiotics actinorhodin and granaticin, respectively. Both the aglycone of granaticin and the half-molecule of actinorhodin are derived from one acetyl coenzyme A starter unit and seven malonyl coenzyme A extender units via the polyketide pathway to produce benzoisochromane quinone moieties with identical structures (except for the stereochemistry at two chiral centers). In S. coelicolor and S. violaceoruber, the type II polyketide synthase (PKS) is encoded by clusters of five and six genes, respectively. We complemented a series of S. coelicolor mutants (act) defective in different components of the PKS (actI for carbon chain assembly, actIII for ketoreduction, and actVII for cyclization-dehydration) by the corresponding genes (gra) from S. violaceoruber introduced in trans on low-copy-number plasmids. This procedure showed that four of the act PKS components could be replaced by a heterologous gra protein to give a functional PKS. The analysis also served to identify which of three candidate open reading frames (ORFs) in the actI region had been altered in each of a set of 13 actI mutants. It also proved that actI-ORF2 (whose putative protein product shows overall similarity to the beta-ketoacyl synthase encoded by actI-ORF1 but whose function is unclear) is essential for PKS function. Mutations in each of the four complemented act genes (actI-ORF1, actI-ORF2, actIII, and actVII) were cloned and sequenced, revealing a nonsense or frameshift mutation in each mutant.
A Single Dose Of Oral Atp Supplementation Improves Performance And Physiological Response During Lower Body Resistance Exercise In Recreational Resistance Trained Males.

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ATP supplementation on performance and physiological responses during resistance exercise in recreationally resistance trained males. Eleven men (age= 27.5±5.5 yrs, weight= 83.4±9.8 kg, height= 182±0.04 cm) completed two randomized, double-blind trials: ATP supplement condition (ATP=400mg) or a placebo condition. Thirty minutes after supplement consumption, subjects performed four sets of half-squats until momentary muscular failure at 80% of the 1RM with two minutes of recovery between sets. The total number of repetitions, blood pressure, heart rate, blood lactate, and oxygen consumption were evaluated. The total weight lifted were higher for the ATP condition compared to placebo (Placebo= 3995.7±1137.8, ATP= 4967.4±1497.9 Kg; p= 0.005). Heart rate was higher at set-4 for ATP compared to placebo (p<0.001) and oxygen consumption during exercise was greater for ATP (p=0.021). There were no differences between conditions for lactate and blood pressure. In summary, a single oral dose of ATP supplementation improved lower body resistance training performance and energy expenditure in recreational resistance trained males.
Fine mapping of a major histocompatibility complex in ankylosing spondylitis: association of the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 regions.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential association of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers other than HLA-B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS A total of 603 patients with AS and 542 healthy control subjects, all of whom were HLA-B27 positive, were selected for this study based on clinical criteria. First, high-density genotyping across the MHC region (2,360 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]) was performed in a cohort of 191 patients and 241 control subjects. After a fine-mapping study, 5 SNPs from the HLA-DPA1/DPB1 region were validated in a second cohort of 412 patients with AS and 301 healthy control subjects. RESULTS Seventeen SNPs located within or near the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 loci showed association with AS (P = 1.38 × 10⁻⁵ to 0.05). In addition, multimarker tests, both linkage disequilibrium and sliding windows, showed association of some groups of adjacent SNPs within the HLA-DPA1/DPB1 region with AS (P = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.96 × 10⁻⁷). We validated the association by genotyping 5 SNPs from the DPA1/DPB1 region in an additional cohort and obtained P values from 6.42 × 10⁻⁵ to 0.01 in the analysis of the combined cohorts. Subtyping analysis of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 showed that HLA-DPA1*01:03, A1*02:01, and B1*13:01 were the subtypes most susceptible to AS. CONCLUSION HLA markers and linkage disequilibrium blocks near HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 are statistically associated with AS. We identified a region located around the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 loci associated with AS, another region within the MHC that is different from HLA-B27.
Electromagnetic Properties Determination Of Electrical Steels

The problems improving the accuracy of numerical calculations of the transient hysteresis characteristics of electrical steels for power transformers are studied in the work. A harmonic analysis of time dependence of the magnetic field intensity in the steel flat of the ferromagnetic material is performed according to the experimental data by Epstein apparatus. It is proved, that the amplitude of the first harmonic component of the magnetic field intensity does not exceed 64% at magnetic flux density of more than 1.0 T. A new approach for transient characteristics of magnetizing is proposed to increase the accuracy of the mathematical description of the Jiles-Atherton hysteresis model with help experimental data. For these characteristics, the Jiles-Atherton model is supplemented by the condition based on the equality of the simulated specific hysteresis losses and the coercive force proportionality parameter. Using the modified Jiles-Atherton model to simulate the electromagnetic field of the Epstein frame in the Comsol Multiphysics software provides the current error reduction to 1,114%. It corresponds to the accuracy requirements for designing new types of power transformers.
Activities of Daily Living Monitoring via a Wearable Camera: Toward Real-World Applications

Activity recognition from wearable photo-cameras is crucial for lifestyle characterization and health monitoring. However, to enable its wide-spreading use in real-world applications, a high level of generalization needs to be ensured on unseen users. Currently, state-of-the-art methods have been tested only on relatively small datasets consisting of data collected by a few users that are partially seen during training. In this paper, we built a new egocentric dataset acquired by 15 people through a wearable photo-camera and used it to test the generalization capabilities of several state-of-the-art methods for egocentric activity recognition on unseen users and daily image sequences. In addition, we propose several variants to state-of-the-art deep learning architectures, and we show that it is possible to achieve 79.87% accuracy on users unseen during training. Furthermore, to show that the proposed dataset and approach can be useful in real-world applications, where data can be acquired by different wearable cameras and labeled data are scarcely available, we employed a domain adaptation strategy on two egocentric activity recognition benchmark datasets. These experiments show that the model learned with our dataset, can easily be transferred to other domains with a very small amount of labeled data. Taken together, those results show that activity recognition from wearable photo-cameras is mature enough to be tested in real-world applications.
Set-Triggered-Parallel-Reset Memristor Logic for High-Density Heterogeneous-Integration Friendly Normally Off Applications

Memristor devices are promising as high-density computing logic for non-high-speed normally off applications using heterogeneous technologies. This brief proposes a settriggered-parallel-reset memristor logic (STPR-ML)-based on back-end-of-line-based bipolar-type memristor devices to reduce the area overhead and increase compatibility with standard and nonstandard CMOS processes. The proposed STPR-ML has two subsets: with and without nonvolatile storage capability. Two types of physical structures are also proposed for STPR-ML: 2-D and 3-D. A test chip using 2-D HfOx memristor devices was fabricated using a CMOS process to confirm the functionality of the NAND, NOR, and XOR gates used in STPR-ML. The proposed STPR-ML achieves a 2 ~ 8× reduction in area compared with CMOS logic gates with four or more inputs.