Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Acute myeloid leukemia induction by amphotropic murine retrovirus (4070A): clonal integrations involve c-myb in some but not all leukemias

Amphotropic murine retrovirus 4070A was demonstrated to be highly leukemogenic when inoculated intravenously into adult DBA/2 mice that were undergoing an intense chronic inflammatory response, but was nonleukemogenic in the absence of inflammation. The virus-induced promoonocytic leukemias, designated AMPH-ML, are similar morphologically and in cell surface marker expression to monocytic leukemias, called MML and MF-ML, previously shown to be induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus and MF-3 virus (a recombinant between Friend murine leukemia virus and Moloney murine leukemia virus) and resemble certain mature acute monocytic leukemias in humans (AML subtype M5). Approximately two-thirds of the AMPH-MLs (subgroup I) were demonstrated to have alterations in the 5' end of the c-myb locus, an event which occurs in 100% of MML and MF-ML. Data indicate that proviral insertions in AMPH-ML subgroup I resulted in aberrant c-myb mRNA expression and truncation of its translation product at the amino terminus. Approximately one-third of the AMPH-MLs (subgroup II) had not undergone any DNA rearrangements at the c-myb locus. In addition, their transcripts and protein products were of normal size. These latter leukemias also had not undergone DNA rearrangements in c-myc, although retroviruses expressing myc have previously been shown to induce monocyte-macrophage tumors in mice undergoing a chronic inflammation. That subgroup II leukemias had at least one clonal viral insertion suggests that there may be other sites in the cellular genome that can be activated by insertional mutagenesis in these murine acute monocytic leukemias.
Human μ Opioid Receptor Models with Evaluation of the Accuracy Using the Crystal Structure of the Murine μ Opioid Receptor

Models of the human μ opioid receptor were constructed using available G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures using homology (comparative) modeling techniques. The recent publication of a high-resolution crystal structure of a construct based on the murine μ opioid receptor offers a unique opportunity to evaluate the reliability of the homology models and test the relevance of introducing more templates (known structures) to increase the accuracy of the comparative models. In the first model two templates were used: the β2 adrenergic and bovine rhodopsin receptors. For the second model, four templates were utilized: the β2 adrenergic, bovine rhodopsin, β1 adrenergic, and A2A adenosine receptors. Including additional templates improved the accuracy of structural motifs and other features of the model when the same sequence alignment was used. The predicted structures were especially relevant in the case of important receptor regions such as the DRY motif, which has been associated with receptor activation. Additionally, this study showed that receptor sequence similarity is crucial in homology modeling, as indicated in the case of the highly diverse EC2 loop. This study demonstrates the reliability of the homology modeling technique in the case of the μ opioid receptor, a member of the rhodopsin-like family class of GPCRs. The addition of more templates improved the accuracy of the model. The findings regarding the modeling has significant implication to other GPCRs where the crystal structure is still unknown and suggest that homology modeling techniques can provide high quality structural models for interpreting experimental findings and formulating structurally based hypotheses regarding the activity of these important receptors.
A Framework for Scalable Cost-sensitive Learning Based on Combing Probabilities and Benefits

We present a general framework for scalable cost-sensitive learning based on ensembles of classi ers. To compute ensembles for scalable learning, base models are computed from data subsets and their predictions are combined. Previous research mainly focus on combining class labels for cost-insensitive problems. In our study, we concentrate on how to combine the probability and bene t outputs (such as charity donation amount) for scalable cost-sensitive learning. We identify a few properties of both averaging and cost-sensitive optimal decision-making. Due to these properties, averaging has great potential for higher bene t as well as its obvious advantage of scalability. Experiments have shown that the averaging methods achieve a bene t level as good as or even better than the respective single classi er trained from the same dataset as a whole. However, the averaging methods exhibit linear speedup and scaled speedup that are independent of learning algorithms. Besides the averaging methods, we have experimented with tree-structured methods using variations of meta-learning and regression. Nonetheless, these approaches do not lead to higher bene ts but consume higher overhead, hence are less scalable. Compared with tree-structured methods, the averaging methods are more eÆcient to classify examples, and easer to implement and verify. IBM T. J. Watson Research, email addresses fweifan, haixun, psyug@us.ibm. com yDepartment of Computer Science, Columbia University, email address sal@cs.columbia. edu
Successive detection of insulin‐like growth factor‐II bound to receptors on a living cell surface using an AFM

In this study, we have developed a method of mechanical force detection for ligands bound to receptors on a cell surface, both of which are involved in a signal transduction pathway. This pathway is an autocrine pathway, involving the production of insulin‐like growth factor‐II (IGF‐II) and activation of the IGF‐I receptor, involved in myoblast differentiation induced by MyoD in C3H10T1/2 mouse mesenchymal stem cells. Differentiation of C3H10T1/2 was induced with the DNA demethylation agent 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza). The etched AFM tip used in the force detection had a flat surface of which about 10 µm2 was in contact with a cell surface. The forces required to rupture the interactions of IGF‐IIs on a cell and anti mouse IGF‐II polyclonal antibody immobilized on an etched AFM tip were measured within 5 days of induction of differentiation. The mean unbinding force for a single paired antibody–ligand on a cell was about 81 pN, which was measured at a force loading rate of about 440 nN/s. The percentage of unbinding forces over 100 pN increased to 32% after 2 days from the addition of 5‐aza to the medium. This method could be used in non‐invasive and successive evaluation of a living cell's behavior. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantum Information and Relativity Theory

Quantum mechanics, information theory, and relativity theory are the basic foundations of theoretical physics. The acquisition of information from a quantum system is the interface of classical and quantum physics. Essential tools for its description are Kraus matrices and positive operator valued measures (POVMs). Special relativity imposes severe restrictions on the transfer of information between distant systems. Quantum entropy is not a Lorentz covariant concept. Lorentz transformations of reduced density matrices for entangled systems may not be completely positive maps. Quantum field theory, which is necessary for a consistent description of interactions, implies a fundamental trade-off between detector reliability and localizability. General relativity produces new, counterintuitive effects, in particular when black holes (or more generally, event horizons) are involved. Most of the current concepts in quantum information theory may then require a reassessment.
Representing Us All? Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Orange Is the New Black

An Abstract for the thesis of Michael Chavez for the Master of Science in Gender and Women’s Studies at Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota Title: Representing Us All? Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Orange Is the New Black Orange Is the New Black is a Netflix television series that began in 2013. The series focuses on the lives of inmates in a fictional women’s prison. Television series about prison have focused primarily on men in prison. This thesis will expand upon previous research on representation of minorities in television using a feminist media analysis to examine the first season of the series. I will explore how race, gender, and sexuality are represented within the series. I examine the representations of four characters during the first season. I chose these four characters because they represented different racial groups, sexualities, and gender expressions. I argue that while the series gives visibility to many minority women, the show continues to use harmful stereotypes that perpetuate negative cultural ideologies about minorities.
Runtime code parallelization for on-chip multiprocessors

Chip multiprocessing (or multiprocessor system-on-a-chip) is a technique that combines two or more processor cores on a single piece of silicon to enhance computing performance. An important problem to be addressed in executing applications on an on-chip multiprocessor environment is to select the most suitable number of processors to use for a given objective function (e.g., minimizing execution time or energy-delay product) under multiple constraints. Previous research proposed an ILP-based solution to this problem that is based on exhaustive evaluation of each nest under all possible processor sizes. In this paper, we take a different approach and propose a pure runtime strategy for determining the best number of processors to use at runtime. This approach is more general than static techniques and can be applicable in situations where the latter cannot be.
Decision methods for distributed multi-robot patrol

In the Multi-Robot Patrolling Problem, agents have to continuously decide which place to move next, after clearing their current location. This article proposes a distributed solution to the problem based on Bayesian decision. The system is modeled according to its current state, thus automating the local decision-making process in order to effectively patrol an area. Two strategies are presented and compared. In the first one, robots are self-interested and aim to maximize their local gain. The second strategy is more complex, taking into account gains as well as the distribution of agents in the space to reduce interference and foster scalability. In order to validate the proposed solution, realistic simulations, comparing with five state-of-the-art approaches, as well as experiments with physical multi-robot systems were conducted.
Dwq : Esprit Long Term Research Project, No 22469 on the Decidability of Query Containment under Constraints on the Decidability of Query Containment under Constraints

Query containment under constraints is the problem of checking whether for every database satisfying a given set of constraints, the result of one query is a subset of the result of another query. Recent research points out that this is a central problem in several database applications, and we address it within a setting where constraints are speciied in the form of special inclusion dependencies over complex expressions , built by using intersection and diierence of relations, special forms of quantiication, regular expressions over binary relations, and cardinality constraints. These types of constraints capture a great variety of data models, including the relational, the entity-relational, and the object-oriented model. We study the problem of checking whether q is contained in q 0 with respect to the constraints speciied in a schema S, where q and q 0 are nonrecursive Datalog programs whose atoms are complex expressions. We present the following results on query containment. For the case where q does not contain regular expressions, we provide a method for deciding query containment, and analyze its computational complexity. W e do the same for the case where neither S nor q, q 0 contain number restrictions. To the best of our knowledge , this yields the rst decidability result on containment of conjunctive queries with regular expressions. Finally, w e prove that the problem is undecidable for the case where we admit inequalities in q 0. 1 Introduction Query containment is the problem of checking whether for every database, the result of one query is a subset of the result of another query 1. Many recent papers point out that this problem is important in several contexts, including information integration 33, query optimization 2, 33, mate
De novo interstitial direct duplication 1(q23.1q31.1) in a fetus with Pierre Robin sequence and camptodactyly.

Interstitial duplications of chromosomal region 1q are rarely seen. We report the first prenatal diagnosis of pure partial trisomy 1q. The fetus was karyotyped for polyhydramnios, micrognathia, and flexion of fingers of both hands. Conventional and molecular cytogenetics showed a de novo direct duplication of the chromosomal region 1q23.1q31. 1 leading to a partial trisomy 1q. At autopsy, the fetus showed Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) and camptodactyly. The main histological finding was a decreased number of motoneurons with apoptotic features in the anterior horn of the spinal cord. A literature review and our observations suggest that genetic material mapping to chromosome 1q25 could be responsible for PRS with distal arthrogryposis when this is in triple dose.
THE ATTITUDE SCALE TOWARDS DISTANCE NURSING EDUCATION (astDNE)

In this study, a measurement is seen as an instrument to measure the attitudes of the nurses towards the distance nursing education was developed. The study population consist of nurses who working in two hospitals of the ministry of health and two special hospitals in Istanbul. The sample of the study consisted of 194 nurses who agreed to participate in this study. The scale total cronbach alpha coefficient was found . 94, test-retest reliability coefficient . 89. The correlations of each item with total point were between . 49 and . 69. In factor analysis done with varimax rotation for construct validity, whose eigenvalue is over 1, explaining 65.02 % of total variability, 5 factors consisting of 25 items was obtained the scale. These factors are called “Interaction”, “Learning Styles”, “Support Services”, “Interaction Tools” and “Content Presentation”. Consequently, findings show that The Attitude Scale towards Distance Nursing Education (astDNE) is a valid and reliable instrument.
Semi-Autonomous Generation of Appearance-based Edge Models from Image Sequences

Many of the robust visual tracking techniques utilized by augmented reality applications rely on 3D models and information extracted from images. Models enhanced with image information make it possible to initialize tracking and detect poor registration. Unfortunately, generating 3D CAD models and registering them to image information can be a time consuming operation. Regularly the process requires multiple trips between the site being modeled and the workstation used to create the model. The system presented in this work eliminates the need for a separately generated 3D model by utilizing modern structure-from-motion techniques to extract the model and associated image information directly from an image sequence. The technique can be implemented on any handheld device instrumented with a camera and network connection. The process of creating the model requires minimal user interaction in the form of a few cues to identify planar regions on the object of interest. In addition the system selects a set of keyframes for each region to capture viewpoint based appearance changes. This work also presents a robust tracking framework to take advantage of these new edge models. Performance of both the modeling technique and the tracking system are verified on several different objects.
Cognitive function is associated with prison behaviour among women in prison but not with subjective perception of adjustment to prison.

BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that aspects of cognitive function, especially executive function, are associated with antisocial behaviour and violence, but most research to date has measured current cognition and previous criminal behaviour. Furthermore, this research has been conducted almost exclusively with male offenders. AIM The aim of this study is to examine relationships between a wide range of cognitive functions and behaviours among women in prison. Our hypotheses were that cognitive functioning would be associated with both more-or-less contemporaneously observed behaviour problems and self-rated adjustment to the environment. METHOD Forty-five drug-free imprisoned female offenders were individually assessed on a battery of cognitive measures. Prison staff rated their behaviour on the Prison Behaviour Rating Scale and the women rated their own sense of adjustment to the environment on the Prison Adjustment Questionnaire. RESULTS Stepwise hierarchical regressions indicated that attention was independently associated with behaviours reflecting tension, depression, isolation, fear, victimisation and worry, whereas processing speed was independently associated with behaviours reflecting lack of energy, mental slowness and lack of awareness of the surrounding environment and total Prison Adjustment Questionnaire score. There was no relationship between cognitive functioning and subjective perception of adjustment to prison. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND FUTURE RESEARCH Results indicate that cognition contributes to some of the behavioural problems displayed by inmates in the prison context. Future studies should evaluate the role of programmes to improve cognitive processes in also improving prison behaviour and also test for continuities and discontinuities with post-release integrative success.
Ecological Theory of Teaching. Task Structure Analysis of Three Fourth-Grade Classroom Instructional Social Systems.

ABSTRACT The ecological theory of teaching views the classroom as a unit within which social and psychological interacticns determine the learning pa44e,:ns that will take place. Three fourth-grade classrooms were observed to test and clarify this theory. A description is civet of the characteristics of the pupls in each class, the teacher's ins+ructional style and attitude, and the physical arrangement'c° the classroom. A comparison of the task s'ructures 0 the three classes ! s presented, with emphasis on the grouping of students in large and small groups and the tasks assigned to those groups. An analysis is given of the relationship of the . grouping and task assignmentP cf *he class to the formation of peer relations and friendships. (JD1
Deletion of UL21 Causes a Delay in the Early Stages of the Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Replication Cycle

ABSTRACT The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) UL21 gene encodes a 62-kDa tegument protein with homologs in the alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesvirus subfamilies. In the present study, we characterized a novel UL21-null virus and its genetic repair to determine whether this protein plays a role in early stages of the HSV-1 replication cycle. Single-step growth analyses, protein synthesis time courses, and mRNA quantifications indicated that the absence of UL21 results in a delay early in the HSV-1 replication cycle.
Overweight is not associated with cortical thickness alterations in children

Introduction: Several studies report an association between body mass index (BMI) and cortical thickness in adults. Some studies demonstrate diffuse cortical thinning in obesity, while others report effects in areas that are associated with self-regulation, such as lateral prefrontal cortex. Methods: This study used multilevel modeling of data from the NIH Pediatric MRI Data Repository, a mixed longitudinal and cross-sectional database, to examine the relationship between cortical thickness and body weight in children. Cortical thickness was computed at 81,942 vertices of 716 MRI scans from 378 children aged between 4 and 18 years. Body mass index Z score for age was computed for each participant. We performed vertex-wise statistical analysis of the relationship between cortical thickness and BMI, accounting for age and gender. In addition, cortical thickness was extracted from regions of interest in prefrontal cortex and insula. Results: No significant association between cortical thickness and BMI was found, either by statistical parametric mapping or by region of interest analysis. Results remained negative when the analysis was restricted to children aged 12–18. Conclusions: The correlation between BMI and cortical thickness was not found in this large pediatric sample. The association between BMI and cortical thinning develops after adolescence. This has implications for the nature of the relationship between brain anatomy and weight gain.
Modeling users' preferences in systems for information access

In this article, the idea of user preference playing a role in systems for information access is analyzed. In particular, two main categories of systems that provide access to information were considered: systems for the retrieval of stored information items [i.e., information retrieval systems (IRSs) and database management systems (DBMSs)] and systems that offer a support to product brokering for online shopping in e‐commerce. One of the common characteristics of such systems is that they constitute for a user a decision aid for identifying the preferred information items within a huge collection. In this study, the synergy between decision theory and some techniques for information access is outlined, aiming at stimulating the definition of new methods that enhance the existing systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Energy-Efficient Management of Data Center Resources for Cloud Computing: A Vision, Architectural Elements, and Open Challenges

Cloud computing is offering utility-oriented IT services to users worldwide. Based on a pay-as-you-go model, it enables hosting of pervasive applications from consumer, scientific, and business domains. However, data centers hosting Cloud applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and carbon footprints to the environment. Therefore, we need Green Cloud computing solutions that can not only save energy for the environment but also reduce operational costs. This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements for energy-efficient management of Cloud computing environments. We focus on the development of dynamic resource provisioning and allocation algorithms that consider the synergy between various data center infrastructures (i.e., the hardware, power units, cooling and software), and holistically work to boost data center energy efficiency and performance. In particular, this paper proposes (a) architectural principles for energy-efficient management of Clouds; (b) energy-efficient resource allocation policies and scheduling algorithms considering quality-of-service expectations, and devices power usage characteristics; and (c) a novel software technology for energy-efficient management of Clouds. We have validated our approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the CloudSim toolkit. The results demonstrate that Cloud computing model has immense potential as it offers significant performance gains as regards to response time and cost saving under dynamic workload scenarios.