Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixed method approach to identify analytic questions to be visualized for military cyber incident handlers

Our multi-disciplinary team developed and applied a 6-step mixed method approach to efficiently identify the cognitive work of early stage military cyber incident handlers, extract a subset of that work that could benefit from visualization, and specify the information needs as Analytic Questions (AQs) posed by operators that the visualizations would have to support. The methodology included a survey of subject matter experts to validate that the major findings of prior research on the cognitive work of cyber defenders, conducted over a decade ago, are still valid today. It also utilized a Goal Directed Task Analysis (GDTA) structure to represent the major task, goals, decisions, AQs and data source requirements of early stage cyber incident handlers. This yielded 40 AQs which are reported in this paper. Knowledge Elicitation (KE) interviews of domain practitioners were used to select the AQs with greatest potential for incorporation into a follow-on project to measure the effects of visualization on early stage incident handler performance. The AQs represent measurable units of cognitive work which must be performed using available data in a severely time-constrained work environment. Thus, they can serve as indicators of operator performance to be used in experiments on the effectiveness of visualization for event detection and preliminary analysis. They can also provide requirements for visualization designers and security products.
Calonectria species and their Cylindrocladium anamorphs: species with clavate vesicles

The present study compares all known species of Cylindrocladium that have clavate vesicles. Several isolates were obtained from baited soils collected in various parts of the world, while others were associated with leaf litter or symptomatic plant hosts. Isolates were compared based on morphology, as well as DNA sequence data from their β-tubulin and histone gene H3 regions. Cylindrocladium australiense and Cy. ecuadoriae, are described as new species, a decision based on morphology and molecular data. A group of isolates associated with toppling disease of banana in the West Indies is identified as Cy. flexuosum. An epitype is designated for Cy. ilicicola, and a new name, Curvicladiella, proposed to replace the anamorphic genus Curvicladium, which is a homonym.
Microcystic macular degeneration from optic neuropathy.

Sir, We read with great interest the article by Gelfand et al. (2012) in the June issue of Brain . The authors described in detail vacuolar macular changes in the inner nuclear layer of patients with multiple sclerosis. This ‘microcystic macular oedema’ was associated with decreased visual acuity and a higher disability score. We found similar microcysts in the macular inner nuclear layer of a 13-year-old male suffering from neurofibromatosis type 1 and chronic compressive optic neuropathy in both eyes due to optic glioma (Fig. 1). Since the incidental finding of the glioma 15 months ago, the bilateral microcystic macular inclusions remained unchanged and vision was stable at one …
Verification of secure biometric authentication protocols

The thesis presents verification of biometric authentication protocols. ProVerif is used as the verification tool for verifying and analysing the protocols. The protocol are analysed in ProVerif model. Various attacks to the protocols are generated in order to verify whether the protocols hold their intended properties. We have selected three biometric authentication protocols and proposed a remote biometric authentication protocol for on-line banking. Each of which has different intended purposes and properties. The first protocol is generic authentication using biometric data. This protocol provides three properties of the protocol: effectiveness, correctness, and privacy of biometric data. In addition, the protocol is clarified in order to verify the property of effectiveness. Details in chapter 3 show that without this clarification, the property of effectiveness would not hold. The second protocol is a biometric authentication protocol for a signature creation application. This is a specific purpose protocol that requires successfully biometric authentication in order to proceed the user's request, signing a document. The two properties of the protocol are verified: privacy of biometric data and intensional authentication. This protocol is used for signing a document using a user's private key. Hence, extension of the protocol is required so that the intensional authentication property can be verified. This property demonstrates that the legitimate user signs only the document that he intends to sign. A detailed description of this work can be found in chapter 4. The thesis further considers a remote biometric authentication protocol. Chapter 5 presents the protocol and verification of its desirable properties. This chapter shows analysis of the two properties of the protocol: privacy of biometric data and authenticity. Next, the thesis proposes a remote biometric authentication protocol for on-line banking in chapter 6. The protocol promises three intended properties: privacy of the biometric data, liveness of biometric data and intensional authentication. The protocol is illustrated in detail and desirable properties of the protocol are verified. Finally, chapter 7 concludes this study by briefly comparing properties that each protocol hold. Furthermore, we have identified the limitations of this thesis and possible areas for further research.
Improving speaker diarization using social role information

Speaker diarization systems for meetings commonly model acoustic and spatial information, ignoring that meetings are instances of human interactions. Recent studies have shown that social roles influence the interaction patterns of speakers. This paper proposes a novel method to integrate social roles information in the speaker diarization framework. First, we modify the minimum duration constraint in baseline diarization system by using role information to model the expected duration of speaker's turn. Furthermore, we also propose a social role n-gram model as prior information on speaker interaction patterns. The proposed method is integrated in the state-of-the-art diarization system to reduce the speaker error. Experiments are performed on AMI corpus which is annotated in terms of social roles. The proposed method reduces the speaker error by 16% relative to baseline HMM-GMM system. Furthermore, the paper also investigates the performance of the proposed method on other meeting scenarios like those from NIST Rich Transcription campaigns. Experiments on Rich Transcription meetings reveal that speaker error can be reduced by 13% relative to the baseline system, thus demonstrating the potential of the proposed method.
Exploring spatiotemporal heterogeneity in online travel searches: a local spatial model approach

ABSTRACT Online travel searches are important forms of travel virtual spaces. Previous studies have neglected to analyze the spatial features of the travel searches themselves, and the spatial heterogeneity of their influencing factors. In this study, a travel search index based on the Baidu index was established for analyzing travel searches. Meanwhile, a local spatial model was created for the linear features in order to discuss the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the influencing factors. The results of this study indicated that travel searches have obvious spatial inequality, and economically developed regions had displayed advantages in the travel search network. The fitting results of the local model were found to be superior to global model. The number of attractions and the GDP of the origin were found to have promoting effects on the travel searches, whereas distances had shown inhibiting effects. These effects presented significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. It was also found that within the travel search virtual space, the distance effects still existed, but the intensity was weaker than in the real space. The local spatial model for the linear features provided a new spatial analysis method for understanding the travel search network, as well as other types of networks (flow patterns).
In Vivo Resolution of Multiexponential Decays of Multiple Near-Infrared Molecular Probes by Fluorescence Lifetime-Gated Whole-Body Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Imaging

The biodistribution of two near-infrared fluorescent agents was assessed in vivo by time-resolved diffuse optical imaging. Bacteriochlorophyll a (BC) and cypate-glysine-arginine-aspartic acid-serine-proline-lysine-OH (Cyp-GRD) were administered separately or combined to mice with subcutaneous xenografts of human breast adenocarcinoma and slow-release estradiol pellets for improved tumor growth. The same excitation (780 nm) and emission (830 nm) wavelengths were used to image the distinct fluorescence lifetime distribution of the fluorescent molecular probes in the mouse cancer model. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime maps were reconstructed after raster-scanning whole-body regions of interest by time-correlated single-photon counting. Each captured temporal point-spread function (TPSF) was deconvolved using both a single and a multiexponental decay model to best determine the measured fluorescence lifetimes. The relative signal from each fluorophore was estimated for any region of interest included in the scanned area. Deconvolution of the individual TPSFs from whole-body fluorescence intensity scans provided corresponding lifetime images for comparing individual component biodistribution. In vivo fluorescence lifetimes were determined to be 0.8 ns (Cyp-GRD) and 2 ns (BC). This study demonstrates that the relative biodistribution of individual fluorophores with similar spectral characteristics can be compartmentalized by using the time-domain fluorescence lifetime gating method.
Robust Adaptive Embedded Label Propagation With Weight Learning for Inductive Classification

We propose a robust inductive semi-supervised label prediction model over the embedded representation, termed adaptive embedded label propagation with weight learning (AELP-WL), for classification. AELP-WL offers several properties. First, our method seamlessly integrates the robust adaptive embedded label propagation with adaptive weight learning into a unified framework. By minimizing the reconstruction errors over embedded features and embedded soft labels jointly, our AELP-WL can explicitly ensure the learned weights to be joint optimal for representation and classification, which differs from most existing LP models that perform weight learning separately by an independent step before label prediction. Second, existing models usually precalculate the weights over the original samples that may contain unfavorable features and noise decreasing performance. To this end, our model adds a constraint that decomposes original data into a sparse component encoding embedded noise-removed sparse representations of samples and a sparse error part fitting noise, and then performs the adaptive weight learning over the embedded sparse representations. Third, our AELP-WL computes the projected soft labels by trading-off the manifold smoothness and label fitness errors over the adaptive weights and the embedded representations for enhancing the label estimation power. By including a regressive label approximation error for simultaneous minimization to correlate sample features with the embedded soft labels, the out-of-sample issue is naturally solved. By minimizing the reconstruction errors over features and embedded soft labels, classification error and label approximation error jointly, state-of-the-art results are delivered.
Internalized Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Participate in the Activation of p21 ras in Fibroblasts*

Regulated activation of the highly conserved Ras GTPase is a central event in the stimulation of cell proliferation, motility, and differentiation elicited by receptor tyrosine kinases, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In fibroblasts, this involves formation and membrane localization of Shc·Grb2·Sos complexes, which increases the rate of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange. In order to control Ras-mediated cell responses, this activity is regulated by receptor down-regulation and a feedback loop involving the dual specificity kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK). We investigated the role of EGFR endocytosis in the regulation of Ras activation. Of fundamental interest is whether activated receptors in endosomes can participate in the stimulation of Ras guanine nucleotide exchange, because the constitutive membrane localization of Ras may affect its compartmentalization. By exploiting the differences in postendocytic signaling of two EGFR ligands, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-α, we found that activated EGFR located at the cell surface and in internal compartments contribute equally to the membrane recruitment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc in NR6 fibroblasts expressing wild-type EGFR. Importantly, both the rate of Ras-specific guanine nucleotide exchange and the level of Ras-GTP were depressed to near basal values on the time scale of receptor trafficking. Using the selective MEK inhibitor PD098059, we were able to block the feedback desensitization pathway and maintain activation of Ras. Under these conditions, the generation of Ras-GTP was not significantly affected by the subcellular location of activated EGFR. In conjunction with our previous analysis of the phospholipase C pathway in the same cell line, this suggests a selective continuation of specific signaling activities and cessation of others upon receptor endocytosis.
Medical Coverage of Youth Basketball Events

Basketball is among the most popular team sports for boys and girls in the United States and is continuing to grow in popularity worldwide. Increased popularity translates to an increased number of events and, unfortunately, the injuries that occur as a result. In this article, we discuss ways to be prepared in the coverage of youth basketball events, with an emphasis on the evaluation and treatment of some of the most commonly encountered injuries within the sport of basketball. We also give special consideration to injuries that are specific to the skeletally immature athlete. By having a greater knowledge and understanding of these injuries, a provider of medical coverage for basketball events hopefully will gain a higher sense of confidence in handling associated problems as they arise.
The Association of Social Anxiety and Parenting Factors with Adolescent Use of Facebook

The Association of Social Anxiety and Parenting Factors with Adolescent Use of Facebook Brian August Creasy Computers and the Internet play a substantial role in how adolescents communicate with one another. Social networking websites, in particular, are a popular medium used by adolescents in which users can develop and maintain a large number of relationships from a single profile page. Facebook represents one of the most widely used social networking websites; however, little is known about the types of factors that are associated with the way in which adolescents use it. The present study examined the association of social anxiety and parenting with adolescent Facebook use. One hundred and sixty-two adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 completed online questionnaires that measured social anxiety, Facebook use, and parenting factors (control, monitoring, and limit setting). In addition, 192 parents completed questionnaires concerning knowledge of their child’s Facebook use as well as their own monitoring and limit setting behaviors regarding Facebook. Contrary to what was hypothesized, results indicated that adolescents with moderate to high social anxiety were just as likely as those with little to no social anxiety to have an active Facebook account. In addition, both groups used Facebook to maintain existing relationships (as opposed to developing new ones) and they used it equally as much. A higher proportion of less socially anxious adolescents had more friends on their Facebook profile page, and this lends partial support for the “rich get richer” hypothesis in which more socially outgoing individuals are using Facebook to expand their existing large offline social network. With respect to parenting, fathers were significantly more controlling of their daughter’s behavior compared to their sons. In addition, mothers engaged in significantly more monitoring and limit setting of their child’s Facebook use compared to fathers. These results suggest that mothers may be taking a more active role in monitoring and regulating the online behavior of their children. Adolescent Facebook Use iv
Power System Protective Functions Performance Over an Ethernet-based Process Bus

The paper presents the impact of the variable time delay of data samples on commonly used protective relaying functions. Based on the results, the case is made that current solutions that rely solely on the performance of the communications media are not providing sufficient flexibility for wide acceptance, and that the problem is not solved, only masked by the increased data rate. The paper shows that a newly proposed algorithm making use of GPS time tagging and adaptive filtering is capable of overcoming data transmission delays and provides excellent performance where conventional solutions fail. The performance of overcurrent, impedance and differential protective functions over an Ethernet process bus are compared using a power system model that integrates the protection and communications components.
Dynamic analysis of the QT interval in long QT1 syndrome patients with a normal phenotype.

AIMS In families with the long QT syndrome penetrance may be low: up to 70% of gene carriers may have a normal QTc interval. These patients require therapy, similar to that in those with longer QTc intervals, but identifying them, using molecular analysis, is difficult to apply on a large scale. A large French family affected by the long QT1 syndrome was followed-up over a 25-year period. In adult males but not in females, the QTc interval normalized after puberty. We aimed to find clinical criteria, based on ambulatory ECG recordings so that we could improve diagnosis in affected members with a normal QTc. METHODS AND RESULTS Linkage analysis and direct sequencing were an indicator of the long QT1 gene in our family. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated abnormal transcripts in lymphocytes from silent gene carriers. The functional profile of mutated protein isoforms was investigated using the patch-clamp technique. Dynamic analysis of ventricular depolarization was conducted using Holter recordings in patients, and in sex- and age-matched controls. Circadian variations of the QTc interval and the QT/RR relationship were assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were evaluated for proposed clinical criteria. We found that dynamic analysis of the QT interval permitted individual diagnosis in mutation carriers even when the QTc interval was normal (adult males). CONCLUSION Dynamic analysis of the QT interval is of diagnostic value in the long QT1 syndrome in patients with a normal phenotype. Clinical implications include improvement in screening and patient management.
The development and validation of a Korean C-Test using Rasch Analysis

Despite the importance of having a reliable and valid measure of Second Language (L2) proficiency, L2 researchers of less commonly taught languages rarely have such a tool. Existing proficiency measures (e.g., DLPT, OPI) are often costly, labor-intensive, time-consuming, or unavailable to the public. With the intent to provide a practical and reliable measure of Korean L2 proficiency, this study attempted to develop and validate a 30-minute C-Test (Klein-Braley, 1981). This Korean C-Test was developed with the specifics of Korean language structure in mind, and Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR) skill-level descriptions were utilized in passage selection in order to test a wide range of participant proficiency levels. The resulting test and a self-assessment questionnaire (Kondo-Brown, 2005) were administered to 37 learners of Korean. Rasch analysis (Bond & Fox, 2007) was used to examine the reliability and concurrent validity of the measure, and Rasch measurement statistics such as separation reliability, difficulty measures, and model fit statistics were used to suggest further improvement to the C-Test. The developed test demonstrated excellent reliability and validity indices, and the results reveal the potential of this C-Test as a quick proficiency indicator.
Do Age and Gender Matter in the Constraint Negotiation of Physically Active Leisure?

Abstract Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between age, gender, leisure constraint, leisure constraint negotiation, motivation, and physically active leisure for 271 older (50+) volunteers and visitors of a Midwestern metropolitan park agency. The primary objectives were: 1) to assess the relationship of age and gender to leisure constraint; 2) to examine the relative importance of all factors to active leisure participation; 3) to test negotiation as a mediator of the relationships of constraint and motivation to participation; and 4) to determine whether these relationships differed by frequency and duration. The inclusion of age, gender and multiple measures of physically active leisure revealed distinct relationships. The implications of these findings for park-based programs and settings for active leisure in mid to late life are discussed.
TagRec: towards a standardized tag recommender benchmarking framework

In this paper, we introduce TagRec, a standardized tag recommender benchmarking framework implemented in Java. The purpose of TagRec is to provide researchers with a framework that supports all steps of the development process of a new tag recommendation algorithm in a reproducible way, including methods for data pre-processing, data modeling, data analysis and recommender evaluation against state-of-the-art baseline approaches. We show the performance of the algorithms implemented in TagRec in terms of prediction quality and runtime using an evaluation of a real-world folksonomy dataset. Furthermore, TagRec contains two novel tag recommendation approaches based on models derived from human cognition and human memory theories.
Global Output Feedback Stabilization of a Class of Nonlinear Systems via Linear Sampled-Data Control

In the literature, it has been proved that under a lower-triangular linear growth condition, a class of uncertain nonlinear systems can be globally stabilized by a linear state feedback controller (Tsinias) and later by a linear output feedback controller (Qian and Lin), both in the continuous-time form. This technical note shows that the same continuous-time system under the same assumption can be globally stabilized by a sampled-data output feedback controller whose observer and control law are discrete-time and linear, and hence can be easily implemented by computers.