Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The suprachiasmatic nucleus projects to posterior hypothalamic arousal systems

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) temporally organizes behavior in part by sustaining arousal during the wake period of the sleep/wake cycle to consolidate adaptive waking behavior. In this study, we demonstrate direct projections from the SCN, in both the rat and the human brains, to perikarya and proximal dendrites of two groups of posterior hypothalamic neurons with axonal projections that suggest they are important in the regulation of arousal, one producing hypocretins (HCT) and the other melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH). In addition, we demonstrate that both HCT and MCH-producing neurons are immunoreactive for glutamate (GLU). These observations support the hypothesis that direct projections from the SCN to the posterior hypothalamus mediate the arousal function of the circadian timing system.
SLAM visuel temps réel pour l'estimation précise de plan

Ce papier presente un algorithme de localisation et cartographie simultanee (ou SLAM pour Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) utilisant des contraintes issues de modeles observes dans un environnement inconnu, on parle alors de SLAM contraint ou CSLAM . L'objectif est l'estimation precise des parametres d'un objet present dans la scene pour la realite augmentee. Nous proposons pour cela d'inclure, dans une methode d'ajustement de faisceaux incremental, les parametres de l'objet au meme titre que les poses cameras et les points 3D necessaires au CSLAM . Nous montrons, a travers l'exemple d'un modele de plan 3D initialise en ligne, que l'optimisation conjointe des parametres permet, non seulement de contraindre les points 3D a se rapprocher du plan, mais egalement de contraindre le plan a se rapprocher des points 3D. Des experimentations mettront en evidence la precision et le gain en temps de calcul de notre approche comparativement au CSLAM classique.
LiverDefense: Using a Tower Defense Game as a Customisable Research Tool

In this paper, we present LiverDefense - an educational Tower Defense game illustrating the basic functions of the human liver. LiverDefense serves as an easy-to-use evaluation tool for psychological game-related research since it can be customised with regard to its degree of difficulty. Furthermore, Likert scale questionnaires can be displayed throughout the game and relevant game events can be logged. All customisation is performed via human-readable XML files, abolishing the need for programming proficiency. LiverDefense has been successfully used in a user study focused on exploring the effect of perceived control over gameplay on players' emotions. We report on the analysis of this study with regard to enjoyment and frustration and the resulting insights on LiverDefense's usefulness as a customisable research tool.
Event Extraction and Temporal Ordering towards Narrative Model Generation

Narrative generation is the process of automatically generating narrative stories (fictional or not) through a narrative model. With the advances in machine learning and natural language processing techniques, narrative generators have been able to create more creative and interesting text in terms of narrative contents and story telling techniques. These systems have applications in a range of domains including education and patient recovery. Narrative generation models are traditionally planning problems and uses a schema to represent the narrative world. This schema contains states and actions with preconditions and postconditions and the sequence of actions that lead to one or more goal states (dependent on the author’s goal) is considered the skeleton for the narrative story. Many modern systems then employ heuristics to measure and improve storytelling aspects such as narrative suspense. However, these schemas are usually defined manually, requiring significant user input, or otherwise can only represent simplistic events and generate simple narratives. Here we explore the building of a system that can automatically generate these schemas to be used within a narrative model. We present the initial stages of such a system, pertaining steps of lexical processing, event extraction, and temporal event ordering. Our event extraction is performed by a rule-based system that can obtain informative triples accurately to our task without the need of training data. Determining the temporal ordering of extracted events is then done through multiple multilayer perceptron networks using features obtained through statistical and rule-based techniques. Our temporal ordering achieves accuracies of above 70 per cent for both event-event pairs and time-event pairs on Timebank and Opinion corpera. This pipeline presents the initial steps of a system to be able to automatically create states and actions with preconditions and postconditions which will form the narrative schema. We discuss several limitations of the techniques used and present potential improvements and future work towards the complete narrative generator system.
The TEG® vs the ROTEM® thromboelastography/thromboelastometry systems

We have evaluated the TEG® thromboelastograph and the ROTEM® thromboelastometer, two point‐of‐care devices that measure blood coagulation. During a one‐week period, seven consultant anaesthetists, one consultant haematologist, one associate specialist anaesthetist and two senior trainee anaesthetists were trained by the manufacturers and set up, calibrated and used both systems, after which their views were obtained and specific technical/support information was sought from the manufacturers using a questionnaire. Although the devices shared common features, they differed in complexity and aspects of ease of use, and in their purchase and running costs.
Escherichia coli 6S RNA gene is part of a dual-function transcription unit

The gene coding for the metabolically stable 6S RNA of Escherichia coli has been cloned, sequenced, and partially characterized in expression analyses. The DNA sequence results confirm the accuracy of the previously established RNA sequence and, with genomic hybridization data, reveal that there is only one copy of the 6S DNA in the chromosome. Consistent with its relaxed mode of expression, the promoter region of the 6S RNA gene was found to lack the hypothetical GC-rich discriminator domain common to other stable RNA genes under stringent control. The sequence results also revealed the occurrence of a 540-base-pair open reading frame immediately downstream from the 6S RNA coding region. Results from the expression analyses show that the protein and RNA coding regions are cotranscribed in vitro and that the open reading frame is translated in vivo.
Non-Stationary Spectral Kernels

We propose non-stationary spectral kernels for Gaussian process regression by modelling the spectral density of a non-stationary kernel function as a mixture of input-dependent Gaussian process frequency density surfaces. We solve the generalised Fourier transform with such a model, and present a family of non-stationary and non-monotonic kernels that can learn input-dependent and potentially long-range, non-monotonic covariances between inputs. We derive efficient inference using model whitening and marginalized posterior, and show with case studies that these kernels are necessary when modelling even rather simple time series, image or geospatial data with non-stationary characteristics.
A Novel Approach for Detection of Microaneurysms in Diabetic Retinopathy Disease from Retinal Fundus Images

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in human beings aged between 20 to 74 years. It has a great influence on the patient and society because it normally influences humans in their most gainful years. Early detection in DR is very difficult which is not detected by human beings. Many algorithms and techniques were established to detect DR. These techniques faced the problems such as increasing sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. To overcome those problems we have to introduce an effective image processing algorithms for increasing performances and also easily identify the DR diseases. One of the most challenging tasks in screening is automatic detection of Microaneurysms (MAs). This paper presents a new approach to detect MAs. Our proposed work consists of preprocessing, blood vessel segmentation (FPCM), fovea localization, fovea elimination, feature extraction and classification (Neuro-Fuzzy). Neuro-Fuzzy is a combined version of neural networks and fuzzy logical models. Experiments are conducted using MATLAB simulation tool. Using MESSIDOR database for our experiments which provides efficient and effective results in sensitivity, specificity, correct classification and detection rate (accuracy) and precision.
On minimum sensing error with spectrum sensing using counting rule in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks (CRN), spectrum sensing requires each secondary user to efficiently and effectively detect the presence of primary users. In this paper, we study cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS), which is based on counting rules. Particularly, we first derive the optimal sensing strategy of CSS to minimize the sensing error, and then propose a simple algorithm to calculate the optimal parameter settings for CSS. Numerical results have been conducted and also validated that our proposed approach can achieve satisfying performance.
Le breton parlé à la forêt-Fouesnant (Finistère-sud) : pratique actuelle : problèmes de phonologie et de syntaxe

Le present travail est consacre au breton parle a la Foret-Fouesnant (Finistere sud, France). Cette variete appartient a la zone dialectale du breton cornouaillais meridional. L'analyse linguistique s'appuie sur les principes de la linguistique fonctionnelle et structurale developpee par Andre Martinet et ses continuateurs. Apres une presentation du terrain et des particularites dialectales du parler etudie, nous commentons les resultats d'une enquete menee par nos soins sur la pratique du breton dans la commune de la Foret. Cette etude sociolinguistique permet de caracteriser la population bretonnante locale, de preciser les conditions dans lesquelles est employe le breton, de traiter de l'attitude de la population bretonnante a l'egard du breton devenu minoritaire sur son ancien territoire. L'etude linguistique, fondee sur un corpus oral recueilli aupres de temoins de differentes classes d'âge, porte sur des problemes de description que pose cette variete de breton, et le breton en general. En phonologie sont abordes les problemes de definition du systeme en prenant en compte le phenomene essentiel de neutralisation des oppositions (notamment dans ses liens avec les phenomenes de sandhi externe). Une caracterisation du phenomene d'alternance consonantique initiale, communement denomme + mutation consonantique, est proposee dans les termes de la morphologie fonctionnelle. En syntaxe, l'accent est mis sur la caracterisation du systeme nominal et du systeme verbal. Ce dernier point est developpe afin de situer le parler local dans le champ des caracteristiques du systeme verbal du breton. En synthematique l'etude porte sur la categorisation des procedes de creation lexicale, du point de vue des classes syntaxiques concernees et de leur productivite.
Gene therapy of gynaecological diseases

Gene therapy represents a potentially useful approach for the treatment of diseases refractory to conventional therapies. Various preclinical and clinical strategies have been explored for treatment of gynaecological diseases. Given the most severe unmet clinical need, much of the work has been performed with gynaecological cancers and ovarian cancer in particular. Although the safety of many treatment strategies has been demonstrated in early phase clinical trials, efficacy has been mostly limited heretofore. Major challenges include improving the vectors used with the aim of more effective and selective delivery. In addition, effective penetration into and spreading within advanced and complex tumour masses and metastases remains challenging. This review focuses on existing and developmental gene transfer applications for gynaecological diseases.
THz InP bipolar transistors-circuit integration and applications

Highly-scaled Indium Phosphide (InP) transistor technologies have bandwidths extending into the terahertz (THz) frequency regime (0.3–3 THz). The high transistor bandwidth can be exploited to both extend circuit operation to THz frequencies and improve system performance at millimeter wave and sub-millimeter wave frequencies. InP heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technologies offer wide bandwidths, high RF power handling and the capability to realize high levels of integration. We review integrated circuit (IC) results from Teledyne's InP HBT technologies that span frequencies from 60 GHz to >600 GHz focusing on performance benefits and applications.
Probing the Working Memory System in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Using the n-Back Task

Objective: Up to 90% of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) report substantial cognitive difficulties. However, objective evidence supporting these claims is inconsistent. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging study examined the neural correlates of working memory in patients with CFS compared with controls. Methods: Seventeen patients with CFS and 12 healthy control subjects were scanned while performing a parametric version of the n-back task (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back). Results: Both groups performed comparably well and activated the verbal working memory network during all task levels. However, during the 1-back condition, patients with CFS showed greater activation than control subjects in medial prefrontal regions, including the anterior cingulate gyrus. Conversely, on the more challenging conditions, patients with CFS demonstrated reduced activation in dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices. Furthermore, on the 2- and 3-back conditions, patients but not control subjects significantly activated a large cluster in the right inferior/medial temporal cortex. Trend analyses of task load demonstrated statistically significant differences in brain activation between the two groups as the demands of the task increased. Conclusions: These results suggest that patients with CFS show both quantitative and qualitative differences in activation of the working memory network compared with healthy control subjects. It remains to be determined whether these findings stay stable after successful treatment. CFS = chronic fatigue syndrome; fMRI = functional magnetic resonance imaging; PASAT = Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; WM = working memory; SPECT = single photon emission computed tomography; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; BOLD = blood oxygen level dependent; BA = Brodmann's area; TR = repetition time; TE = echo time; SSQratio = sum of squares ratio.
Validity from the Perspective of Model-Based Reasoning. CRESST Report 752.

From a contemporary perspective on cognition, the between-persons variables in traitbased arguments in educational assessment are absurd over-simplifications. Yet, for a wide range of applications, they work. Rather than seeing such variables as independently-existing characteristics of people, we can view them as summaries of patterns in situated behaviors that could be understood at the finer grainsize of sociocognitive analyses. When done well, inference through coarser educational and psychological measurement models suits decisions and actions routinely encountered in school and work, yet is consistent with what we are learning about how people learn, act, and interact. An essential element of test validity is whether, in a given application, using a given model provides a sound basis for organizing observations and guiding actions in the situations for which it is intended. This presentation discusses the use of educational measurement models such as those of item response theory and cognitive diagnosis from the perspective of model-based reasoning, with a focus on validity.
Profile of exosomes related proteins released by differentiated and undifferentiated human keratinocytes

Our group has previously demonstrated the capacity of human keratinocytes to release 14‐3‐3σ into conditioned medium through the mechanism of exosome externalization. In this study the release of other proteins through the same mechanism and the differences in the profiles of 14‐3‐3 proteins between differentiated (diff‐K) and undifferentiated keratinocytes (undiff‐K) were investigated. The stimulatory effect of other 14‐3‐3 isoforms on the expression of MMP‐1 in dermal fibroblasts was also evaluated. Exosomes isolated from undiff‐K (low Ca2+) and diff‐K (high Ca2+) were subjected to proteomic and Western blot analysis. The results showed that more than 50 different cytoplasmic proteins including all seven 14‐3‐3 protein isoforms (β, σ, η, ε, τ, ζ, and γ) were released from diff‐K through the mechanism of exosome externalization. However, in exosomes of undiff‐K only four of the 14‐3‐3 protein isoforms (β, η, ζ, and γ) were detected. Ca2+ treatment increased the release of exosomes from undiff‐K by at least two times relative to the control. Consistent with this finding, the stimulatory effect of exosomes containing 14‐3‐3σ from diff‐K had higher MMP‐1 stimulatory effect in fibroblasts relative to those exosomes isolated from undiff‐K. MMP‐1 stimulatory effect of recombinant 14‐3‐3β and η, tested in this study, in dermal fibroblasts, suggests additional anti‐fibrogenic factors other than 14‐3‐3σ. In conclusion, keratinocytes release many proteins through the mechanism of exosome externalization from which some such as 14‐3‐3 isoforms may function as extracellular matrix (ECM) modulating factors for dermal fibroblasts. These findings revealed the presence of a novel mechanism by which keratinocytes can potentially interact with fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 221: 221–231, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
POLLUX: a database of synthetic stellar spectra

Aims. Synthetic spectra are needed to determine fundamental stellar and wind parameters of all types of stars. They are also used for the construction of theoretical spectral libraries helpful for stellar population synthesis. Therefore, a database of theoretical spectra is required to allow rapid and quantitative comparisons to spectroscopic data. We provide such a database offering an unprecedented coverage of the entire Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Methods. We present the POLLUX database of synthetic stellar spectra. For objects with Teff ≤ 6000 K, MARCS atmosphere models are computed and the program TURBOSPECTRUM provides the synthetic spectra. ATLAS12 models are computed for stars with 7000 K ≤ Teff ≤ 15 000 K. SYNSPEC gives the corresponding spectra. Finally, the code CMFGEN provides atmosphere models for the hottest stars (Teff > 25 000 K). Their spectra are computed with CMF_FLUX. Both high resolution (R > 150 000) optical spectra in the range 3000 to 12 000 A and spectral energy distributions extending from the UV to near-IR ranges are presented. These spectra cover the HR diagram at solar metallicity. Results. We propose a wide variety of synthetic spectra for various types of stars in a format that is compliant with the Virtual Observatory standards. A user-friendly web interface allows an easy selection of spectra and data retrieval. Upcoming developments will include an extension to a large range of metallicities and to the near-IR high resolution spectra, as well as a better coverage of the HR diagram, with the inclusion of models for Wolf-Rayet stars and large datasets for cool stars. The POLLUX database is accessible at http://pollux.graal. univ-montp2.fr/ and through the Virtual Observatory.
The Myeloproliferative Sarcoma Virus Causes Transformation of Erythroid Progenitor Cells In Vitro

The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus induces spleen focus formation in vivo and transforms fibroblasts in vitro. We showed in this study that in vitro infection of spleen or bone marrow cells from susceptible mice with the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus leads to the formation of erythroid bursts. Under optimal conditions erythroid bursts formed in the absence of added erythropoietin, but the addition of as little as 0.05 U of erythropoietin per ml to infected cultures resulted in a significant increase in numbers of erythroid bursts and the proportion of hemoglobinized cells. A comparison of the kinetics of burst formation and the size of the induced bursts with those induced with Friend virus suggested that either the mechanism of transformation of erythroid cells in vitro is different for a sarcoma virus such as the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus or the target cells for the two viruses were not the same. Density characterization and heat lability studies indicated that the increased erythroid proliferation in vitro was a virus-induced event, but the possibility that the induced erythroid burst formation is mediated via interaction with a nonerythroid target cell and subsequent release of a soluble factor cannot be ruled out.
A distributed reconfiguration controller for linear array harvest problem: hierarchically quasi-normalized neural approach

WSI is considered liable to have several faults at the beginning of the production stage and during its operating lifetime. This paper describes a design of distributed controller for reconfiguration on harvesting linear array system as a degradable system with assumption that not only basic cells but also the connection links are subject to fault condition. An inherently distributed feature of a new class of cellular neural network is used in hierarchical method. The proposed method is a simple heuristic distributed process with cellular (next neighbor) information. It has simple structures that have minimum penalty in WSI area thus minimizing the reliability cost. <<ETX>>