Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on regression test case selection based on improved genetic algorithm

In order to get the optimum selection of the test cases, an approach based on an improved genetic algorithm is proposed. Genetic operators of selection, crossover and mutation are improved, which effectively improve the algorithm's global search ability. Experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the improved algorithm. The result shows, compared with classical algorithm, the improved algorithm greatly improves the search performance; and it is effective in solving regression test case selection problem.
A revival of Spiegel's campotomy: long term results of the stereotactic pallidothalamic tractotomy against the parkinsonian thalamocortical dysrhythmia

The over-inhibition of thalamic relay cells by hyperactivity of the internal part of the globus pallidus is a cornerstone of the parkinsonian pathophysiology that leads to a distortion of the thalamocortical dynamics called thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD). Here, we present the results of the stereotactic pallidothalamic tractotomy (PTT), which interrupts selectively the enhanced pallidal output to the thalamus in a restricted location in the fields of Forel. This operation represents a reactualization of Spiegel’s campotomy. PTT was offered to 41 patients (66.1+ 8.5 years) suffering from chronic, therapy-resistant Parkinson’s disease. It was performed bilaterally in 21 patients. Forty patients displayed mixed, i.e. tremulent and akinetic parkinsonian signs, and seven had drug-induced dyskinesias. One patient had only rest tremor. The evaluation was based on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, comparing the patients’ preoperative medicated state with the state at the last postoperative follow-up. We, thus, tested surgical success in terms of superiority to drug treatment. Mean follow-up was 22.4 months with 15 patients followed for . 2 years. Mean improvement was 60% (P , 0.001) for UPDRS III and 51% (P , 0.001) for UPDRS II. Significant improvement (P , 0.001) appeared in subscores for tremor (87%), limb akinesia (58%) and axial akinesia (33%). Improvement of postural stability and gait was at the limit of significance (P , 0.05). Improvement of hypomimia and hypophonia did not reach statistical significance. Increase of dysarthria was significant (P , 0.01). Intake of L-DOPA was reduced significantly and 21 patients were able to stop intake. Median improvement of the Quality of Life score was 67%. Improvement remained, independent of follow-up length. In conclusion, PTT provides a high, stable level of relief to parkinsonian patients whose condition cannot be controlled with pharmacotherapy. The rationale of the surgical therapy is based on a selective extrathalamic regulation of the parkinsonian TCD.
A case study for reliability-aware in SoC analog circuit design

This paper provides a working knowledge of Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) awareness to the circuit design community for reliable design of the System-On-a-Chip (SoC) analog circuit. The reliability performance of all matched pair circuits, such as Bandgap Reference, is at the mercy of aging differential. Aging simulation (AgingSim) is mandatory to obtain realistic risk evaluation for circuit design reliability qualification. It is applicable to all circuit aging problems covering both analog and digital. Failure rate varies as a function of voltage and temperature. It is shown that PMOS is the reliability-critical device and NBTI is the most critical failure mechanism for analog circuit performance in sub-micrometer CMOS technology. We provide a complete reliability simulation analysis of Thermal Sensor DAC and analyze the effect of NBTI using aging simulation tool.
Automatic liver segmentation on Computed Tomography using random walkers for treatment planning

Segmentation of the liver from Computed Tomography (CT) volumes plays an important role during the choice of treatment strategies for liver diseases. Despite lots of attention, liver segmentation remains a challenging task due to the lack of visible edges on most boundaries of the liver coupled with high variability of both intensity patterns and anatomical appearances with all these difficulties becoming more prominent in pathological livers. To achieve a more accurate segmentation, a random walker based framework is proposed that can segment contrast-enhanced livers CT images with great accuracy and speed. Based on the location of the right lung lobe, the liver dome is automatically detected thus eliminating the need for manual initialization. The computational requirements are further minimized utilizing rib-caged area segmentation, the liver is then extracted by utilizing random walker method. The proposed method was able to achieve one of the highest accuracies reported in the literature against a mixed healthy and pathological liver dataset compared to other segmentation methods with an overlap error of 4.47 % and dice similarity coefficient of 0.94 while it showed exceptional accuracy on segmenting the pathological livers with an overlap error of 5.95 % and dice similarity coefficient of 0.91.
Ubiquitous interaction and navigation in robot systems

Robots have a continuous increasingly role in today's society as they have stepped in the human environment in order to better fulfil demanding and complex tasks. A novel mobile robot system based on ubiquitous computing technologies is proposed to address two fundamental problems in the field of robotics, i.e. the interaction between human and robot and navigation in the workspace environment. A preliminary test scenario shows a friendly, portable and universal robot system which combines the advantages of ubiquitous computing and of efficient interaction and navigation algorithms based on artificial intelligent methods.
Singular Unitarity in " Quantization Commutes with Reduction "

Let M be a connected compact quantizable Kähler manifold equipped with a Hamiltonian action of a connected compact Lie group G. Let M//G = φ −1 (0)/G = M 0 be the symplectic quotient at value 0 of the moment map φ. The space M 0 is in general a complex analytic stratified Kähler space (see [8] for this notion). When M 0 has only one stratum, it is a smooth Kähler manifold. In any case, it is known that, as vector spaces, there is a natural isomorphism between the quantum Hilbert space over M 0 and the G-invariant subspace of the quantum Hilbert space over M (see [6] for the case when G acts freely on φ −1 (0) so M 0 is a smooth manifold; and see [16] for the case otherwise). It has been shown by several authors ([5], [14], [12], [13], [3] and [9]) that, when the action of G on φ −1 (0) is free so that M 0 is smooth, the above isomorphism between the Hilbert spaces is not unitary or asymptoti-cally unitary. But, in the most recent work [9], Hall and Kirwin modified the quantization procedure by a " metaplectic correction " and showed that there is still a natural isomorphism between the new Hilbert spaces (for high tensor powers of the line bundle) and this isomorphism is asymptotically unitary to leading order in Planck's constant. In this paper, we establish " unitarity " for the general case when G does not act freely on φ −1 (0).
The nexus between globalization and ethnic identity: A view from below

While some studies have examined the impact of globalization on national identity ‘from below’, their findings are inconclusive, some arguing that national identity is less important for people in more globalized countries, others finding evidence to the contrary. Addressing and resolving some of the previous studies limitations, this article investigates the relationship between globalization and national identity with four cross-national surveys, using 149 national samples across 74 countries, inspecting whether country level of globalization impacts ethnic identity and whether globalization moderates between patriotism and ethnic identity. The findings indicate that although ethnic identity levels are lower in the more globalized than the less globalized countries, globalization has no differential effect on the strong and positive link between patriotism and ethnic identity.
A kind of bit and power allocation approach for OFDM systems in the condition of a fading channel

This paper proposes a transmit power and bit allocation algorithm with constraint on allocated bit number. Transmit power and bit allocation algorithms help improve performance of OFDM systems, however the existing algorithms can't fully satisfy the need of baseband data modulation methods, which only map a certain number of input bits into a data symbol. The presented approach aims at maximization of data rate under constraint of number of input bits, as well as transmit power and bit error rate, and can be well adapted to practical OFDM systems in the condition of a fading channel. Simulation results show that the data rate for the proposed algorithm is close to the well known optimal greedy method which considers no constraint on the number of input bits, yet keep the computational complexity low.
Multi- view Video Coding Scheme based upon enhanced Random Access capacity

Due to the multi-view video coding scheme using inter-view prediction stucture, increased coding complexity, and reduced multi-view video random access performance, so one proposed multi-view video coding prediction scheme is proposed on the basis of analysis and study of several typical multi-view video coding schemes in this paper. This coding prediction scheme calculates the location of base-view by global disparity, and introduces a rational inter-view prediction structure, as well as, according the relationship between the length of GOP and random access performance to select the number of frames in a GOP. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-view video coding scheme can significantly improve the random access performance, while maintaining high coding efficiency.
Reciprocal grafting separates the roles of the root and shoot in zinc hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

The extreme phenotype of zinc (Zn) hyperaccumulation, which is found in several Brassicaceae species, is determined by mechanisms that promote elevated Zn tolerance and high Zn accumulation in shoots. We used reciprocal grafting between a Zn hyperaccumulator, Thlaspi caerulescens, and a Zn nonaccumulator, Thlaspi perfoliatum, to determine the relative importance of roots and shoots in Zn hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance. Leaves from plants with a T. perfoliatum rootstock and a T. caerulescens shoot scion did not hyperaccumulate Zn, whereas plants with a T. caerulescens rootstock and a T. perfoliatum shoot scion did hyperaccumulate Zn. However, although leaves from plants with a T. caerulescens rootstock and a T. perfoliatum shoot scion hyperaccumulated Zn, at high Zn loads these leaves showed significant symptoms of Zn toxicity, unlike leaves of self grafted T. caerulescens. Hyperaccumulation of Zn in leaves of the hyperaccumulator T. caerulescens is pri-marily dictated by root processes. Further, the mechanisms controlling Zn hypertolerance in the hyperaccumulator T. caerulescens are driven primarily by shoot processes.
On the ∆ ∆ component of the deuteron in the relativistic field theory model of the deuteron

The ∆∆ component of the deuteron, where ∆ stands for the ∆(1232) resonance, is calculated in the relativistic field theory model of the deuteron. For the probability of the ∆∆ component of the deuteron we give P (∆∆) = 0.08%. This prediction agrees good with the experimental estimate P (∆∆) < 0.4% at 90% of CL (D. Allasia et al., Phys. Lett. B174 (1986) 450). PACS: 11.10. Ef, 13.75. Cs, 14.20. Dh, 21.30. Fe
Personalised Feedback With Semi-Automatic Assessment Tool For Conceptual Database Model

Abstract The increased presence of diagram-type student work in higher education has recently attracted researchers to look into the automation of diagram marking. This paper intro duces web-based diagram drawing and marking tools for a new (semi-automatic) assessment approach. The approach reduces the number of diagram components marked by the human marker and provides individualised and detailed feedback to students. The tools have been used in tutorials of a first year database module in the Computer Science department at Loughborough University are described together with findings from the usage of the tools.
Linkage Disequilibrium Between Loci With Unknown Phase

Linkage disequilibrium is often measured by two statistics, D and r, which can be interpreted as the covariance and the correlation between loci and across gametes. When data consist of diploid genotypes, however, gametes cannot be identified. A variety of iterative statistical methods are used in such cases, all of which assume random mating. Previous work has shown that D and r can be expressed as covariances and correlations across diploid genotypes, provided that mating is random. We show here that this result also holds approximately when mating is nonrandom. This provides a means of estimating these parameters without iteration and without assuming random mating. This estimator is nearly as accurate as the widely used EM estimator and is many times faster.
Langerian mindfulness and language learning

Abstract In the current article, the tenets of Langerian mindfulness and the principles of the main approaches towards language learning, that is, the environmentalist, innatist, and interactionist approaches will be reviewed and discussed. Through this review, we show what commonalities exist between the two sides of the study (i.e., mindfulness theory and language learning) and how mindfulness theory can cooperate in and facilitate the language learning process.
A New Spin on the Problem of Horizontal-Branch Gaps: Stellar Rotation along the Blue Horizontal Branch of Globular Cluster M13

We have determined the projected rotational velocities of 13 blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars in the globular cluster M13 via rotational broadening of metal absorption lines. Our sample spans the photometric gap observed in the horizontal-branch distribution at Teff ≃ 11,000 K and reveals a pronounced difference in stellar rotation on either side of this feature—blueward of the gap, all the stars show modest rotations, v sin i < 10 km s-1, while to the red side of the gap, we confirm the more rapidly rotating population (v sin i ≃ 40 km s-1) previously observed by R. C. Peterson and coworkers. Taken together with these prior results, our measurements indicate that a star's rotation is indeed related to its location along the HB, although the mechanism behind this correlation remains unknown. We explore possible connections between stellar rotation and mass-loss mechanisms which influence the photometric morphology of globular cluster HBs.
Comparison of tail drop and active queue management performance for bulk-data and Web-like Internet traffic

This paper compares the performance of tail drop and three different flavors of the RED (random early detection) queue management mechanism: RED with a standard parameter setting, RED with an optimized parameter setting based on a model of RED with TCP flows, and finally a version of RED with a smoother drop function called "gentle RED ". The performance is evaluated under various load situations for FTP-like and Web-like flows, respectively. We use measurements and simulations to evaluate the performance of the queue management mechanisms and assess their impact on a set of operator oriented performance metrics. We find that in total (i) no performance improvements of RED compared to tail drop can be observed; (ii) fine tuning of RED parameters is not sufficient to cope with undesired RED behavior due to the variability in traffic load; and (iii) gentle RED is capable of resolving some of the headaches on RED but not all.
On the security of the identity-based encryption based on DHIES from ASIACCS 2010

In ASIACCS 2010, Chen, Charlemagne, Guan, Hu and Chen proposed an interesting construction of identity-based encryption based on DHIES, whose key extraction algorithm makes use of the multivariate quadratic equation. They proved that their scheme is selective-ID secure against chosen ciphertext attack, i.e. secure in the sense of IND-sID-CCA. Unfortunately, in this paper, we demonstrate that Chen et al.'s scheme is insecure in the sense of IND-sID-CCA by showing that the private key extraction algorithm of their scheme can be exploited to apply XL algorithm, which is to solve the multivariate quadratic (MQ) problem (under certain conditions).
Generalized Sum of Gaussians for Real-Time Human Pose Tracking from a Single Depth Sensor

We propose a generalized Sum-of-Gaussians (G-SoG) model for statistical 3D shape modeling that is applied to human pose tracking from a single depth sensor. G-SoG generalizes the original SoG model by involving much fewer anisotropic Gaussians yet with better flexibility and adaptability. Both SoG and G-SoG are involved for pose tracking with different roles, where the former one is used to represent observed point cloud data through an efficient Octree partitioning, and the latter one is embedded with a quaternion-based articulated skeleton to create a standard human template model. We derive a differentiable similarity function between SoG and G-SoG that can be optimized analytically not only to learn a subject-specific articulated model but also to support sequential pose tracking where two additional terms (visibility and continuity) are also involved. Our algorithm is simple yet effective and can achieve real-time performance. The experimental results on a public depth dataset are promising and competitive when compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.
Constructing a Practical Intrusion Tolerant Replication System

The increasing number of cyber attacks against critical infrastructures, which typically require large state and long system lifetimes, necessitates the design of systems that are able to work correctly even if part of them is compromised. We present the first practical survivable intrusion tolerant replication system, which defends across space and time using compiler-based diversity and proactive recovery, respectively. Our system supports large-state applications, and utilizes the Prime BFT protocol (providing performance guarantees under attack) with a compiler-based diversification engine. We devise a novel theoretical model that computes how resilient the system is over its lifetime based on the rejuvenation rate and the number of replicas. This model shows that we can achieve correctness and availability over 30 years with a confidence of 95% even when we transfer a state of 1 terabyte after each rejuvenation. Finally, we describe the architecture of a survivable SCADA system that uses intrusion tolerant replication to protect the master server.
Space-frequency block code for single-carrier FDMA

A full-diversity space-frequency block code (SFBC) for single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems is presented. The code is designed for two transmit antennas and preserves the low envelope fluctuations of SC signals. The good performance of the proposed scheme over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, both in static and in high-speed mobility scenarios, is proved.
Evaluation of Haplotype Inference Using Definitive Haplotype Data Obtained from Complete Hydatidiform Moles, and Its Significance for the Analyses of Positively Selected Regions

The haplotype map constructed by the HapMap Project is a valuable resource in the genetic studies of disease genes, population structure, and evolution. In the Project, Caucasian and African haplotypes are fairly accurately inferred, based mainly on the rules of Mendelian inheritance using the genotypes of trios. However, the Asian haplotypes are inferred from the genotypes of unrelated individuals based on population genetics, and are less accurate. Thus, the effects of this inaccuracy on downstream analyses needs to be assessed. We determined true Japanese haplotypes by genotyping 100 complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), each carrying a genome derived from a single sperm, using Affymetrix 500 K Arrays. We then assessed how inferred haplotypes can differ from true haplotypes, by phasing pseudo-individualized true haplotypes using the programs PHASE, fastPHASE, and Beagle. We found that, at various genomic regions, especially the MHC locus, the expansion of extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH), which is a measure of positive selection, is obscured when inferred Asian haplotype data is used to detect the expansion. We then mapped the genome using a new statistic, XDiHH, which directly detects the difference between the true and inferred haplotypes, in the determination of EHH expansion. We also show that the true haplotype data presented here is useful to assess and improve the accuracy of phasing of Asian genotypes.
Extending average precision to graded relevance judgments

Evaluation metrics play a critical role both in the context of comparative evaluation of the performance of retrieval systems and in the context of learning-to-rank (LTR) as objective functions to be optimized. Many different evaluation metrics have been proposed in the IR literature, with average precision (AP) being the dominant one due a number of desirable properties it possesses. However, most of these measures, including average precision, do not incorporate graded relevance. In this work, we propose a new measure of retrieval effectiveness, the Graded Average Precision (GAP). GAP generalizes average precision to the case of multi-graded relevance and inherits all the desirable characteristics of AP: it has a nice probabilistic interpretation, it approximates the area under a graded precision-recall curve and it can be justified in terms of a simple but moderately plausible user model. We then evaluate GAP in terms of its informativeness and discriminative power. Finally, we show that GAP can reliably be used as an objective metric in learning to rank by illustrating that optimizing for GAP using SoftRank and LambdaRank leads to better performing ranking functions than the ones constructed by algorithms tuned to optimize for AP or NDCG even when using AP or NDCG as the test metrics.
Discovering common stem-loop motifs in unaligned RNA sequences.

Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is often accomplished by proteins binding to specific sequence motifs in mRNA molecules, to affect their translation or stability. The motifs are often composed of a combination of sequence and structural constraints such that the overall structure is preserved even though much of the primary sequence is variable. While several methods exist to discover transcriptional regulatory sites in the DNA sequences of coregulated genes, the RNA motif discovery problem is much more difficult because of covariation in the positions. We describe the combined use of two approaches for RNA structure prediction, FOLDALIGN and COVE, that together can discover and model stem-loop RNA motifs in unaligned sequences, such as UTRs from post-transcriptionally coregulated genes. We evaluate the method on two datasets, one a section of rRNA genes with randomly truncated ends so that a global alignment is not possible, and the other a hyper-variable collection of IRE-like elements that were inserted into randomized UTR sequences. In both cases the combined method identified the motifs correctly, and in the rRNA example we show that it is capable of determining the structure, which includes bulge and internal loops as well as a variable length hairpin loop. Those automated results are quantitatively evaluated and found to agree closely with structures contained in curated databases, with correlation coefficients up to 0.9. A basic server, Stem-Loop Align SearcH (SLASH), which will perform stem-loop searches in unaligned RNA sequences, is available at http://www.bioinf. au.dk/slash/.