Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement Bounds for Sparse Signal Recovery With Multiple Side Information

In the context of compressed sensing (CS), this paper considers the problem of reconstructing sparse signals with the aid of other given correlated sources as multiple side information. To address this problem, we theoretically study a generic weighted n-`1 minimization framework and propose a reconstruction algorithm that leverages multiple side information signals (RAMSI). The proposed RAMSI algorithm computes adaptively optimal weights among the side information signals at every reconstruction iteration. In addition, we establish theoretical bounds on the number of measurements that are required to successfully reconstruct the sparse source by using weighted n-`1 minimization. The analysis of the established bounds reveal that weighted n-`1 minimization can achieve sharper bounds and significant performance improvements compared to classical CS. We evaluate experimentally the proposed RAMSI algorithm and the established bounds using synthetic sparse signals as well as correlated feature histograms, extracted from a multiview image database for object recognition. The obtained results show clearly that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms—including classical CS, `1-`1 minimization, ModifiedCS, regularized Modified-CS, and weighted `1 minimization— in terms of both the theoretical bounds and the practical performance.
Reward Anticipation Dynamics during Cognitive Control and Episodic Encoding: Implications for Dopamine

Dopamine (DA) modulatory activity critically supports motivated behavior. This modulation operates at multiple timescales, but the functional roles of these distinct dynamics on cognition are still being characterized. Reward processing has been robustly linked to DA activity; thus, examining behavioral effects of reward anticipation at different timing intervals, corresponding to different putative dopaminergic dynamics, may help in characterizing the functional role of these dynamics. Towards this end, we present two research studies investigating reward motivation effects on cognitive control and episodic memory, converging in their manipulation of rapid vs. multi-second reward anticipation (consistent with timing profiles of phasic vs. ramping DA, respectively) on performance. Under prolonged reward anticipation, both control and memory performances were enhanced, specifically when combined with other experimental factors: task-informative cues (control task) and reward uncertainty (memory task). Given observations of ramping DA under uncertainty (Fiorillo et al., 2003) and arguments that uncertainty may act as a control signal increasing environmental monitoring (Mushtaq et al., 2011), we suggest that task information and reward uncertainty can both serve as “need for control” signals that facilitate learning via enhanced monitoring, and that this activity may be supported by a ramping profile of dopaminergic activity. Observations of rapid (i.e., phasic) reward on control and memory performance can be interpreted in line with prior evidence, but review indicates that contributions of different dopaminergic timescales in these processes are not well-understood. Future experimental work to clarify these dynamics and characterize a cross-domain role for reward motivation and DA in goal-directed behavior is suggested.
Cognitive, Emotional and Social Markers of Serial Murdering

Although criminal psychopathy is starting to be relatively well described, our knowledge of the characteristics and scientific markers of serial murdering is still very poor. A serial killer who murdered more than five people, KT, was administered a battery of standardized tests aimed at measuring neuropsychological impairment and social/emotional cognition deficits. KT exhibited a striking dissociation between a high level of emotional detachment and a low score on the antisocial behavior scale on the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 showed a normal pattern with the psychotic triad at borderline level. KT had a high intelligence score and showed almost no impairment in cognitive tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Theory of Mind, Tower of London, this latter evidenced a mild impairment in planning performance). In the tests on moral, emotional and social cognition, his patterns of response differed from matched controls and from past reports on criminal psychopaths as, unlike these individuals, KT exhibited normal recognition of fear and a relatively intact knowledge of moral rules but he was impaired in the recognition of anger, embarrassment and conventional social rules. The overall picture of KT suggests that serial killing may be closer to normality than psychopathy defined according to either the DSM IV or the PCL-R, and it would be characterized by a relatively spared moral cognition and selective deficits in social and emotional cognition domains.
Participation satisfaction and organizational commitment: moderating role of employee's cultural values

This paper explores the moderating role of cultural values on relationships between participation satisfaction (PS) and employees’ organizational commitment (OC). A survey of 1390 employees of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, a Government of India Public Sector Undertaking providing telecommunication services across India, shows that PS is directly related to OC, and is moderated by employees’ cultural values at individual level. The form of moderation reveals: positive and insignificant relationship between PS and affective commitment for employees high in uncertainty avoidance; positive and significant relationship between PS and normative commitment for employees high in individualism/collectivism, low in masculinity/femininity, and low in power distance. No moderation has been found in the relationship between PS and continuance commitment.
DUX4 Differentially Regulates Transcriptomes of Human Rhabdomyosarcoma and Mouse C2C12 Cells

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to the deletion of the D4Z4 arrays at chromosome 4q35. Recent studies suggested that aberrant expression of double homeobox 4 (DUX4) from the last D4Z4 repeat causes FSHD. The aim of this study is to determine transcriptomic responses to ectopically expressed DUX4 in human and mouse cells of muscle lineage. We expression profiled human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells and mouse C2C12 cells transfected with expression vectors of DUX4 using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays and Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Arrays, respectively. A total of 2267 and 150 transcripts were identified to be differentially expressed in the RD and C2C12 cells, respectively. Amongst the transcripts differentially expressed in the RD cells, MYOD and MYOG (2 fold, p<0.05), and six MYOD downstream targets were up-regulated in RD but not C2C12 cells. Furthermore, 13 transcripts involved in germline function were dramatically induced only in the RD cells expressing DUX4. The top 3 IPA canonical pathways affected by DUX4 were different between the RD (inflammation, BMP signaling and NRF-2 mediated oxidative stress) and the C2C12 cells (p53 signaling, cell cycle regulation and cellular energy metabolism). Amongst the 40 transcripts shared by the RD and C2C12 cells, UTS2 was significantly induced by 76 fold and 224 fold in the RD and C2C12 cells, respectively. The differential expression of MYOD, MYOG and UTS2 were validated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. We further validated the differentially expressed genes in immortalized FSHD myoblasts and showed up-regulation of MYOD, MYOG, ZSCAN4 and UTS2. The results suggest that DUX4 regulates overlapped and distinct groups of genes and pathways in human and mouse cells as evident by the selective up-regulation of genes involved in myogenesis and gametogenesis in human RD and immortalized cells as well as the different molecular pathways identified in the cells.
Revisiting Dynamic Thermal Management Exploiting Inverse Thermal Dependence

As CMOS technology scales down towards nanometer regime and the supply voltage approaches the threshold voltage, increase in operating temperature results in increased circuit current, which in turn reduces circuit propagation delay. This paper exploits this new phenomenon, known as inverse thermal dependence (ITD) for power, performance, and temperature optimization in processor architecture. ITD changes the maximum achievable operating frequency of the processor at high temperatures. Dynamic thermal management techniques such as activity migration, dynamic voltage frequency scaling, and throttling are revisited in this paper, with a focus on the effect of ITD. Results are obtained using the predictive technology models of 7nm, 10nm 14nm and 20nm technology nodes and with extensive architectural and circuit simulations. The results show that based on the design goals, various design corners should be re-investigated for power, performance and energy-efficiency optimization. Architectural simulations for a multi-core processor and across standard benchmarks show that utilizing ITD-aware schemes for thermal management improves the performance of the processor in terms of speed and energy-delay-product by 8.55% and 4.4%, respectively.
Impaired spatial reference memory in aromatase-deficient (ArKO) mice

Previous studies indicate an important role for estrogen in memory and learning. Aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mice are unable to produce estrogen because they lack a functional Cyp 19 gene that encodes for aromatase, the enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen. Using a Y-maze test for short-term spatial reference memory, we found that both male and female ArKO mice performed significantly worse than wildtype controls. Gonadectomy reduced Y-maze responses in male and female wildtype controls, but had no effect in ArKO mice. After gonadectomy, there was no significant difference between wildtype and ArKO mice. For the first time using ArKO mice, our findings confirm the importance of estrogen in memory in both males and females.
A Functional Theory of Task Role Distribution in Work Groups

In social psychology, much research has been conducted with regard to small groups, focusing on a few recurrent themes. Questions of group structure and group composition, however, have been widely neglected in social psychology research, although their importance is being recognized (Barrick, Stewart, Neubert, & Mount, 1998; Moreland, Levine, & Wingert, 1996). The following study focuses on explaining the emergence of a task role distribution in self-organizing work groups. A theory of task role distribution in work groups is being proposed capable of predicting the distribution of task roles in a team based on group members’ skills and preferences. The basic assumption behind the theory is that teams will strive to organize themselves in a functional way, taking into account both external demands (tasks that are assigned to the team) and internal demands (needs and preferences of the team members). A case study has been conducted on a self-organizing team of 15 student software developers working on a project task over a period of three weeks. The theory has been applied to the student project team. For the majority of team members the task role each team member was going to be assigned was predicted correctly by the theory.
Potential predictors of sensitivity to pemetrexed as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLCs.

BACKGROUND Pemetrexed (PEM) is effective in first-line treatment for patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However there are currently no definitive determinants to certify which patients could benefit from PEM. To improve the efficacy of PEM combined with platinum as first-line therapy for advanced non-squamous NSCLC, we conducted this retrospective study to detect potential determinants of this regimen. METHODS We recruited 109 patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC who received PEM with a platinum as first-line therapy from June 2006 to February 2013 in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital. Multiple variables (age, sex, smoking, degree of cell differentiation, hemoglobin, platinum drugs combined, positions of metastasis) were selected. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse relationships between these variables and tumor response. RESULT In univariate analysis, we found that age and platinum significantly influenced the results of PEM therapy (P<0.05). In multivariable analysis, no factors were independently significant. CONCLUSION Our analysis did not suggest that the age, sex, metastasis of liver or other organs, hemoglobin, smoking history and pathological differentiation are associated with the response of PEM. We should conduct further analyses with larger sample size to reconfirm this issue.
Early versus Late Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with Acute Exacerbations: A Randomized Trial

Background: Around the world, the timing of referral of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients for pulmonary rehabilitation differs from immediately after exacerbation (early) to later on when patients are in a stable state (late). There are no trials comparing the different time points of referral for pulmonary rehabilitation. Objectives: Our aim was to compare the effects of early and late pulmonary rehabilitation on exacerbation rates and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in COPD patients with exacerbations. Methods: We randomized COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stages II–IV) with a recent exacerbation to early (within 2 weeks) or late pulmonary rehabilitation (starting 6 months after randomization and in a stable state). The primary outcome was the exacerbation rate over 18 months, and secondary outcomes included HRQOL and mortality. We used multivariate analyses and an intention-to-treat analysis approach. Results: We randomized 36 patients to pulmonary rehabilitation. On average, patients with early rehabilitation (n = 19) had 2.61 (SD 2.96) exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics, compared to 2.77 (SD 3.41) in patients with late rehabilitation (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.43–1.63; p = 0.60). Over the 18-month period, patients with late rehabilitation experienced more dyspnea (difference on Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire dyspnea domain 0.74 and on the Medical Research Council dyspnea scale 0.37), but neither these differences nor any difference in HRQOL domains reached statistical significance. Conclusions: We did not find any statistically significant differences between early and late pulmonary rehabilitation. However, our trial indicates that early rehabilitation may lead to faster recovery of HRQOL after exacerbations compared to rehabilitation later on when patients are in a stable state.
Adapting SimpleNLG to German

This paper describes SimpleNLG for German, a surface realisation engine for German based on SimpleNLG (Gatt and Reiter, 2009). Several features of the syntax of German and their implementation within the current framework are discussed, with a special focus on word order phenomena. Grammatical coverage of the system is demonstrated by means of selected examples.
Discourses on Inclusion, Citizenship and Categorizations of ‘Special’ in Education Policy: The Case of Negotiating Change in the Governing of Vocational Special Needs Education in Finland

This article deals with the negotiation process deciding the institutional organization of vocational special needs education and training in Finland. Traditionally, the state has been a strong actor in organizing vocational special needs education in Finland. At the beginning of 2009, however, all five state-maintained vocational special schools were administratively merged with vocational special schools of non-governmental not-for-profit organizations. Three of these former state schools are institutions that have long traditions in organizing care, education and training for people with intellectual disabilities, which is the starting point for the study that this article is based on. The article focuses on research that has documented the change process in these three schools by visiting the schools, gathering ethnographic data and interviewing the head teachers about the process. The article analyzes discursive meanings of the concept of inclusion and different categorizations of ‘special’ constructed in the data. The results of the analysis show that there is ambivalence in the formulation of ideas of inclusion and exclusion in the educational policy of vocational special needs education and training, as the policy on the one hand supports full inclusion and, on the other, legitimates the separated vocational special schools.
Effects of Rho-Kinase Inhibition on Pulmonary Hypertension, Lung Growth, and Structure in Neonatal Rats Chronically Exposed to Hypoxia

Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors prevent pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in adult rodents, but little is known about their effects on the neonatal lung. Our objective was to examine the effects of ROCK inhibition on chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced PHT and abnormal lung structure in the neonatal rat. Pups were exposed to air or CH from postnatal d 1-14 while receiving Y-27632 (5 or 10 mg · kg−1 · d−1), fasudil (20 mg · kg−1 · d−1), or saline intraperitoneally. Relative to air, CH-exposed pups had increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, arterial medial wall thickening, and abnormal distal airway morphology characterized by septal thinning and decreased secondary septation. Treatment with 10 mg/kg Y-27632 or fasudil attenuated the structural and hemodynamic changes of PHT while having no effect on septal thinning or inhibited secondary septation. In addition, Y-27632 (10 mg/kg) and fasudil augmented CH-induced somatic growth restriction. Pulmonary arteries of CH-exposed pups had increased ROCK activity, up-regulated expression of PDGF-BB and increased smooth muscle DNA synthesis, all of which were attenuated by treatment with 10 mg/kg Y-27632. Systemically administered ROCK inhibitors prevented PHT in the CH-exposed neonatal rat but at the cost of inhibited somatic growth. Limiting effects on vascular remodeling likely resulted, in major part, from attenuated vascular PDGF-BB/β-receptor signaling.
Planning for Marketing Campaigns

In business marketing, corporations and institutions are interested in executing a sequence of marketing actions to affect a group of customers. For example, a financial institution may derive marketing strategies for turning their reluctant customers into active ones and a telecommunications company may plan actions to stop their valuable customers from leaving. These marketing plans are aimed at converting groups of customers from an undesirable class to a desirable one. In this paper, we formulate this group marketing-plan generation problem as a planning problem. We design a novel search algorithm to find a cost-effective and highly probable plan for switching a group of customers from their initial states to some more desirable final states. We explore the tradeoff among time, space and quality of computation in this planning framework. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods through empirical results.
To Help or Not to Help: Capturing Individuals’ Decision Policies

The arousal:cost-reward model of bystander intervention developed by Piliavin, Dovidio, Gaertner, and Clark in 1981 was tested using a within-subjects “policy capturing” methodology. Four hundred and forty nine participants read 50 scenarios and reported the likelihood they would offer help. Seventy-six percent of the par-ticipants’ helping judgments could be reliably described or “captured” with a linear combination of the various costs of helping and costs of not helping specified in the model. In addition, participants were relatively aware of how the costs affected their helping decisions; although female participants may have been more aware than males. These findings provide additional support for the arousal:cost-reward model and extend understanding of the cognitive algebra that occurs before individuals decide to intervene.
Empathy : its nature and uses

Empathy: Its Nature and Uses. By Robert L. Katz. Price, $4.95. Pp 210. The Free Press of Glencoe, a Division of the Macmillan Company, 60 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10011, 1963. Dr. Robert Katz is to be commended for his courage in undertaking to deal with so elusive a concept as empathy, attempting to translate it into practical application. Though it be a valient attempt, the quality of empathy escapes explicitness. At times the idea is lucidly explained, and these passages have value, but then the author muddles it up with additional statements that con¬ fuse the presentation. Adhering to Theodor Reik's four phases in the empathie process, Dr. Katz adequately presents what takes place. We identify empathically, he writes, when "our entire consciousness is projected into another person so the feelings that inhere in others act upon us. " Not content with this statement, he elaborates that identification, which is the first phase, is an indulgence in fantasy which makes the empathizer lose his self-awareness. This, he maintains, is essential if one is to become engaged in an experience of another. One must question whether identification entails losing self-consciousness. The author him¬ self is not sure of it because he qualifies the statement, saying that the empathizer is never com¬ pletely in the power of the tide but retains the power to recover his own sense of identity. If the therapist does indulge in fantasy—if he is play acting in the role of another—how can he come to understand the patient when he himself is out of contact with reality? In the final phase, the author continues, the empathizer withdraws from subjective involve¬ ment and utilizes reason and scrutiny. At that moment, he breaks identification and is prepared for objective analysis. The counselor shifts from a subjective state to an objective state. His conclusions, then, are based on material subjectively acquired, which leave them open to question. Although the author states that the major focus of his study is empathy in the counselor or therapist and its application in human relations, he spends almost half the number of pages on theory· This is regrettable, since he is most interesting in the illustrations he presents. Citing more
Democratic attitudes among high-school pupils: The role played by perceptions of class climate

The present study shed light on the continuing debate among students of political socialisation regarding the effects of civic education on the upholding of democratic attitudes. Our major conclusion is that civic education, in and of itself, has only minor effects on democratic attitudes of pupils. Furthermore, among pupils who attended civic education classes, democratic class climate would have a crucial effect on the internalisation of democratic attitudes, and the association between sociodemographic characteristics and democratic attitudes is partially mediated by perception of democratic class climate. The findings offer a model which involves demographics and class climate for predicting the success of civic education in meeting its main goal—the absorption and internalisation of democratic attitudes. Thus, we hope to take the ongoing debate in the field at least one small step forward. 1