Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correct-by-construction model composition: Application to the Invasive Software Composition method

Composition technologies improve reuse in the development of large-scale complex systems. Safety critical systems require intensive validation and verification activities. These activities should be compositional in order to reduce the amount of residual verification activities that must be conducted on the composite in addition to the ones conducted on each components. In order to ensure the correctness of compositional verification and assess the minimality of the residual verification, the contribution proposes to use formal specification and verification at the composition operator level. A first experiment was conducted in [15] using proof assistants to formalize the generic composition technology ISC and prove that type checking was compositional. This contribution extends our early work to handle full model conformance and study the mandatory residual verification. It shows that ISC operators are not fully compositional with respect to conformance and provides the minimal preconditions on the operators mandatory to ensure compositional conformance. The appropriate operators from ISC (especially bind) have been implemented in the COQ4MDE framework that provides a full implementation of MOF in the COQ proof assistant. Expected properties, respectively residual verification, are expressed as post, respectfully pre, conditions for the composition operators. The correctness of the compositional verification is proven in COQ.
Methods for Stress Assessment: A Review

This review of the literature gives information about stress and its adverse effects on physical and mental health of an individual. Stress is ever-present universal feature of life. It causes many health problems like heart diseases, digestion problem, sleep problem and depression. Psychological scale like, Effort-Reward imbalance scale (ERI), Depression, Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Occupational Stress Index (OSI), Perceived Stress Sale (PSS) are used to infer stress in terms of behavioral change. Various physiological parameters that can be used to monitor stress are Heart Rate (HR), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and Electroencephalography (EEG). However, HR and GSR showed the 99.5% of stress detection accuracy. Moreover methods have also been indentified for the prevention of stress at workplace.
A Linear-Time Two-Scan Labeling Algorithm

This paper presents a fast linear-time two-scan algorithm for labeling connected components in binary images. In the first scan, provisional labels are assigned to object pixels in the same way as do most conventional labeling algorithms. To improve efficiency, we use corresponding equivalent label sets and a representative label table for resolving label equivalences. When the first scan is finished, all provisional labels belonging to each connected component in a given image are combined in the corresponding equivalent label set, and they are assigned a unique representative label with the representative label table. During the second scan, by use of the completed representative label table, all provisional labels belonging to each connected component are replaced by their representative label. Our algorithm is very simple in principle, and is easy to implement. Experimental results demonstrated that the efficiency of our algorithm is superior to that of other labeling algorithms.
Impact of Globalization on Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Skills in Higher Education Institutions

An increasingly globalized and challenging world has resulted into demand for more competitive and creative graduates. In 10th Malaysia Plan, the government is determined to develop creativity among graduates through entrepreneurial activities. The issue looked into by this article is the increasing trends of changes and demands for entrepreneurship education and are they due to the impact of globalization. Therefore, a study was implemented, which aims to observe the impact of globalization towards the demand for business and entrepreneurship education, as well as the entrepreneurial skills in Malaysia. This study was conducted among a sample of 306 administrators from the Higher Education Institutions and data were obtained from questionnaires, which were then analyzed using descriptive statistics method. The findings show that there is an increasing demand for entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills, which indicates that globalization has impacted towards the increasing demands of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial skills among graduates.
Interleaved Sampling

The known sampling methods can roughly be grouped into regular and irregular sampling. While regular sampling can be realized efficiently in graphics hardware, it is prone to inter-pixel aliasing. On the other hand these artifacts can easily be masked by noise using irregular sampling which, however, is more expensive to evaluate as it lacks the high coherence of a regular approach. We bridge this gap by introducing a generalized sampling scheme that smoothly blends between regular and irregular sampling. By interleaving the samples of regular grids in an irregular way, we preserve the high coherence and efficiently reduce inter-pixel aliasing thus significantly improving the rendering quality as compared to previous approaches.
Autophagy through 4EBP1 and AMPK regulates oxidative stress-induced premature senescence in auditory cells

The aim of this study was to determine whether autophagy and AMPK contribute to premature senescence in auditory cells. Incubating HEI-OC1 auditory cells with 5 mM H2O2 for 1 h induced senescence, as demonstrated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. H2O2 treatment significantly delayed population-doubling time, leaving cell viability unchanged. Furthermore, the proportion of SA-β-gal-positive cells significantly increased. Autophagy-related protein expression increased, with Atg7 and LC3-II peaking 6 h and Lamp2 peaking 24 h after H2O2 treatment. The expression of these proteins decreased 48 h after treatment. Transmission electron microscopy revealed lipofuscin and aggregates within autolysosomes, which accumulated markedly in the cytoplasm of HEI-OC1 cells 48 h after treatment. Akt and P70S6 phosphorylation markedly decreased after H2O2 treatment, but 4EBP1 phosphorylation significantly increased 48 h after treatment. After RNAi-mediated knockdown (KD) of Atg7 and AMPK, H2O2-treated cells displayed dense SA-β-gal staining. Also, premature senescence was significantly induced. These suggest that a negative feedback loop may exist between autophagy and AMPK signaling pathways in HEI-OC1 cells. In our model, oxidative stress-induced premature senescence occurred due to impaired autophagy function through 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Our results also indicate that AMPK may regulate premature senescence in auditory cells in an autophagy-dependent and independent manner.
Real-Time Rendering of Temporal Volumetric Data on a GPU

Real-time rendering of static volumetric data is generally known to be a memory and computationally intensive process. With the advance of graphic hardware, especially GPU, it is now possible to do this using desktop computers. However, with the evolution of real-time CT and MRI technologies, volumetric rendering is an even bigger challenge. The first one is how to reduce the data transmission between the main memory and the graphic memory. The second one is how to efficiently take advantage of the time redundancy which exists in time-varying volumetric data. We proposed an optimized compression scheme that explores the time redundancy as well as space redundancy of time-varying volumetric data. The compressed data is then transmitted to graphic memory and directly rendered by the GPU, reducing significantly the data transfer between main memory and graphic memory.
Are Real Wages Rigid Downwards?

This paper explores the existence of downward real wage rigidity (DRWR) in 19 OECD countries, over the period 1973-1999, using data for hourly nominal earnings at industry level. Based on a nonparametric statistical method, which allows for country and year specific variation in both the median and the dispersion of industry wage changes, we find evidence of some downward rigidity of real wages in OECD countries overall, as well as for regions and time periods. There is some evidence that real wage cuts are less prevalent under strict employment protection legislation and high union density. Generally, we find stronger evidence for downward nominal than for downward real wage rigidity.
Developing a system of screen-less animation for experiments in perception of movement

Experiments that test perceptual illusions and movement perception have relied predominantly on observing participant response to screen-based phenomena. There are a number of inherent problems to this experimental method as it involves flicker, ignores depth perception and bypasses the proprioceptive system, in short it is psychophysically distinct from dynamic real life (veridical) perception. Indeed there still is much disagreement regarding perception of apparent (screen- based) motion despite the fact that we view it in a myriad of ways on an everyday basis. With the aim of furthering our understanding and evaluation of veridical movement perception, the team sought to develop a replicable technique that included embodied, multi-sensory perception but eliminated the screen. They approached this by taking time-based techniques from animation and converting them to the spatial; grouping static objects according to Gestalt principles, to create sequential visual cues that, when lit with projected light, demand selective attention. This novel technique has been called the 'diasynchronic' technique and the system; the 'Diasynchronoscope'. The name Diasynchronoscope comes from combining diachronic, (the study of a phenomenon as it changes through time) with synchronous and scope (view). In being so named, it evokes the early animation simulators such as the phenakistoscope and the zoetrope, regarded as direct ancestors of the project in acting both as art objects and experimental media. This paper documents the creation of this new, experimental medium in choreographed time and discusses its potential as a novel tool for investigating aesthetics in movement.
Fuzzy logic based STATCOM Controller for enhancement of power system dynamic stability

The presents a new control method based on fuzzy logic to damp out the power system low frequency oscillations using STATCOM controller. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the power system dynamic stability enhancement by using fuzzy logic based FACTS (STATCOM) Controller. This study includes Proportional feedback, lead-lag, Fuzzy logic controller. The effectiveness of the new controller is demonstrated through time domain simulation studies. The results of these studies show that the designed controller has an excellent capability in damping power system oscillations.
Postplacement voltage assignment under performance constraints

Multi-Vdd is an effective method to reduce both leakage and dynamic power. A key challenge in a multi-Vdd design is to control the complexity of the power-supply system and limit the demand for level shifters. This can be tackled by grouping cells of different supply voltages into a small number of voltage islands. Recently, an elegant algorithm was proposed for generating voltage islands that balance the power-versus-design-cost tradeoff under performance requirement, according to the placement proximity of the critical cells. One prerequisite of this algorithm is an initial voltage assignment at the standard-cell level that meets timing. In this article, we present a novel method to produce quality voltage assignment which not only meets timing but also forms good proximity of the critical cells to provide a smooth input to the aforementioned voltage island generation. Our algorithm is based on effective delay budgeting and efficient computation of physical proximity by Voronoi diagram. Our extensive experiments on real industrial designs show that our algorithm leads to 25%--75% improvement in the voltage island generation in terms of the number of voltage islands generated, with computation time only linear to design size.
SPPS: Supervised Projected Clustering Method Based on Particle Swarm Optimization

Supervised clustering algorithms are applied on classified examples with the goal of determining class-uniform clusters. These methods evaluate clustering solutions based on class impurity unlike traditional clustering methods. These methods can be used for tasks like data editing and learning of subclasses to enhance classification methods. Supervised clustering methods have been proposed in literature to find class-uniform full dimensional clusters. But for high dimensional dataset with subspace clusters there is need for supervised clustering method which finds class-uniform subspace clusters. In this paper we propose Supervised Projected clustering Particle Swarm optimization method (SPPS method). The proposed method has been applied on Wisconsin breast cancer data to find subspace clusters present in this dataset. The SPPS method may be used for pre-processing of high dimensional datasets with subspace clusters.
Phasic alerting increases visual attention capacity in younger but not in older individuals

ABSTRACT In the present study, we investigated effects of phasic alerting on visual attention in younger and older adults. We modelled parameters of visual attention based on the computational Theory of Visual Attention (TVA) and measured event-related lateralizations (ERLs) in a partial report task, in which half of the displays were preceded by an auditory warning cue. Younger adults showed an alertness-related visual processing facilitation: TVA parameter sensory effectiveness a, a measure of visual processing capacity, was significantly increased, and latencies of visual ERLs were significantly reduced following the warning cue. By contrast, older adults did not benefit from the alerting cue: TVA parameter sensory effectiveness a and ERL latencies did not differ between conditions with and without cues. The findings indicate age-related changes in the brain network underlying alertness and attention, which governs the responsiveness to external cues and is critical for general cognitive functioning in aging.
Mechanism of shaoyao gancao decoction on anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects by molecular docking

According to the components absorbed into blood of Shaoyao Gancao decoction, we chose COX-2 which is responsible for the elevated production of prostaglandins during inflammation as the target for molecular docking. The mode of action between small molecules and the targets were presented visually, which provided an in-depth interpretation about the pharmacodynamic material basis. The results reveal treatment mechanism and pharmacodynamic material basis of Shaoyao Gancao decoction for antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. Using pattern recognition technology to analyze the interaction between these components and the target provides a theoretical basis for the further development of related drugs.
An automatic object inlining optimization and its evaluation

Automatic object inlining [19, 20] transforms heapdata structures by fusing parent and child objects together. It canimprove runtime by reducing object allocation and pointer dereferencecosts. We report continuing work studying object inlining optimizations. In particular, we present a new semantic derivation of the correctness conditions for object inlining, and program analysis which extends our previous work. And we present an object inlining transformation, focusing on a new algorithm which optimizes class field layout to minimize code expansion. Finally, we detail a fuller evaluation on eleven programs and libraries (including Xpdf, the 25,000 line Portable Document Format (PDF) file browser) that utilizes hardware measures of impact on the memory system. We show that our analysis scales effectively to large programs,finding many inlinable fields (45 in xpdf) at acceptable cost, and weshow that, on some programs, it finds nearly all fields for which object inlining is correct, and averages 40% of such fields across our benchmarks. We implement our analyses in an advanced analysis infrastructure, and we show that, compared to traditional 1-CFA, that infrastructure provides better results and lower and more scalable cost. Across all programs, analysis identified about 30% of objects as inlinable on average. Our transformation increases code size by only 20% while inlining this 30% of fields. Inlining these objects eliminated on average 28% of field reads, 58% of object creations, 12% of all loads. Further, the optimized programs have significantly improved memory reference behavior, producing 25% fewer L1 data cache misses and 25% fewer read stalls. On average the runtime improved by 14%.
Energy Maps for Mobile Wireless Networks: Coherence Time versus Spreading Period

We show that even though mobile networks are highly unpredictable when viewed at the individual node scale, the end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) metrics can be stationary when the mobile network is viewed in the aggregate. We define the coherence time as the maximum duration for which the end-to-end QoS metric remains roughly constant, and the spreading period as the minimum duration required to spread QoS information to all the nodes. We show that if the coherence time is greater than the spreading period, the end-to-end QoS metric can be tracked. We focus on the energy consumption as the end-to-end QoS metric, and describe a novel method by which an energy map can be constructed and refined in the joint memory of the mobile nodes. Finally, we show how energy maps can be utilized by an application that aims to minimize a node's total energy consumption over its near-future trajectory.
Stochastic resonance for detection of change in neuronal arrays with threshold

In the paper, the problem of change detection is discussed from a viewpoint of stochastic resonance. Survival in an adversarial environment requires animals to detect sensory changes quickly, as well as accurately. So neurons are challenged to discern ldquorealrdquo change in input as quickly as possible while ignoring noise fluctuations. Mathematically, this is a change-detection problem. It has been established that noise can sometimes help some nonlinearities to enhance signal transmission. Can change detection benefit from noise? A classic change detection problem is introduced. We used neuronal arrays with the threshold-like elements to design a suboptimal detector. The result demonstrates that the detector can perform better than linear detector in non-Gaussian noise and has a more simple architecture than the optimal detector. Fewer samples are needed when change is detected, and input changes can be detected more reliably as well as quickly by adding optimum amount noise. Accordingly, the findings support that neuron population have a reliable capability of exploiting ambient noise.
Attention to Odor Modulates Thalamocortical Connectivity in the Human Brain

It is widely assumed that the thalamus is functionally irrelevant for the sense of smell. Although animal studies suggest that the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus links primary olfactory (piriform) cortex to olfactory neocortical projection sites in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), this transthalamic route is regarded to be inconsequential, particularly compared with a direct monosynaptic pathway linking piriform cortex and OFC. In this study, we combined functional magnetic resonance imaging with novel effective connectivity techniques to measure attention-dependent network coherence within direct (nonthalamic) and indirect (transthalamic) olfactory pathways. Human subjects were presented with (or without) an odor and with (or without) a tone, while selectively attending to either modality. Attention to odor significantly modulated neural coupling within the indirect pathway, strengthening MD thalamus–OFC connectivity. Critically, these effects were modality specific (odor > tone attention), directionally sensitive (forward > backward connections), and selective to route (indirect > direct pathway). Our findings support the idea that the human transthalamic pathway is an active modulatory target of olfactory attention. The results imply that olfaction, like all other sensory modalities, requires a thalamic relay, if only to consciously analyze a smell.
Simulation of Phosphorus Movement in Unconfined Aquifer by Means of Visual MODFLOW

Problem statement: In three recent decays, computer software's are use d for assessing and predicting of what happened and what will happen for surface and subsurface water. These supplementary tools are calculating and presenting potential recharge of contamination to estimate and assess important issue in hydrogeology such as amount of contamination in drinking water. There is a source of contamination in study area that was approved by some experiments in laboratory. In present study, movement of contamination horizontally and vertically simulated. Approach: Visual MODFLOW used to determine movement of groundwater and fate of contamination (phosphorus) by two different types of computers. Results: The results showed that both computers were able t o run the software without critical problem. Also it was found that vertical migration is mainly responsible to migration of contamination. Conclusion: In conclusion, the software performance can be sk ilful and accomplished. It is able to solve a wide range of research problems with low rate of the errors.
Explaining asymmetries in number marking: Singulatives, pluratives, and usage frequency

Abstract This paper claims that crosslinguistic tendencies of number marking asymmetries can be explained with reference to usage frequency: The kinds of nouns which, across languages, tend to show singulative coding (with special marking of the uniplex member of a pair), rather than the more usual plurative coding (with special marking of the multiplex member), are also the kinds of nouns which tend to occur more frequently in multiplex use. We provide crosslinguistic coding evidence from a range of languages from different families and areas, and crosslinguistic corpus evidence from five languages, using large written corpora. Thus, the crosslinguistic pattern of singulative vs. plurative coding is a special instance of the tendency to devote more marking to rarer forms, and can be explained by the grammatical form-frequency correspondence principle.
Valor predictivo de las habilidades metacognitivas en el afrontamiento en situaciones de bullying y cyberbullying

Bullying and cyberbullying are phenomena that are receiving great attention in recent times. Among the variables that help reduce the problem and its impact are coping strategies (EEA). In this study, we wanted to analyze the weight of Metacognitive Abilities (HHMM) in the use of EEA that are put in place in the face of bullying and cyberbullying. A total of 346 subjects between 12-18 years of Secondary Compulsory Education students were evaluated using the ECIPQ questionnaires (Brighi et al., 2012a), EBIPQ (Brighi et al., 2012b), Brief-Cope (Perczek et al., 2000) and A HMI (Birth, Rosa and Mora-Merchan, 2012). The results show that a greater use of HHMM predicts the use of productive EEA, without finding direct associations with the degree of victimization in bullying and cyberbullying, with unproductive EEA being good predictors of increased frequency of victimization.