Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Loss of srf-3-encoded Nucleotide Sugar Transporter Activity in Caenorhabditis elegans Alters Surface Antigenicity and Prevents Bacterial Adherence*

During the establishment of a bacterial infection, the surface molecules of the host organism are of particular importance, since they mediate the first contact with the pathogen. In Caenorhabditis elegans, mutations in the srf-3 locus confer resistance to infection by Microbacterium nematophilum, and they also prevent biofilm formation by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, a close relative of the bubonic plague agent Yersinia pestis. We cloned srf-3 and found that it encodes a multitransmembrane hydrophobic protein resembling nucleotide sugar transporters of the Golgi apparatus membrane. srf-3 is exclusively expressed in secretory cells, consistent with its proposed function in cuticle/surface modification. We demonstrate that SRF-3 can function as a nucleotide sugar transporter in heterologous in vitro and in vivo systems. UDP-galactose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine are substrates for SRF-3. We propose that the inability of Yersinia biofilms and M. nematophilum to adhere to the nematode cuticle is due to an altered glycoconjugate surface composition of the srf-3 mutant.
[Reconstituting turkey herpesvirus with bacterial artificial chromosome clones].

UNLABELLED Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) is an alpherpesvirus and widely used as a live vaccine against Marek's disease (MD) because of its antigenic relationship with Marek's disease virus (MDV). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to construct Herpesvirus of turkey Fc126 strain as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). METHODS Using the selection marker Eco-gpt (Xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase)(1.3 kb) and BAC vector pBeloBAC11(7.4 kb), we constructed the transfer plasmid pGAB-gpt-BAC11. Then, the transfer plasmid and HVT-infected cells' total DNA were cotransfected into primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs). After six rounds of selection in medium containing mycophenolic acid, xanthine and hypoxanthine, we obtained purified recombinant viruses. Genomic DNA was extracted and electroporated into Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells. BAC clones were identified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR analysis, and then tested for infectivity after transfection into CEFs using calcium phosphate. RESULTS We obtained 25 BAC clones, and reconstituted recombinant viruses by transfection of HVT-BAC6 DNA, HVT-BAC8 DNA and HVT-BAC10 DNA into CEFs respectively. CONCLUSION In this study, we cloned the complete genome of HVT Fc126 strain as an infectious bacterial artificial chromosome.
Word Similarity Computing Based on Hybrid Hierarchical Structure by HowNet

Word similarity computing is one of the most important and fundamental task in the field of natural language processing. Most of word similarity methods perform well in synonyms, but not well between words whose similarity is vague. It confronts the challenge of how to overcome this problem. An approach is proposed to compute Chinese word similarity based on hybrid hierarchical structure by HowNet to achieve fine-grained similarity results. The experimental results prove that the method has a better effect on computing similarity of synonyms and antonyms including nouns, verbs and adjectives. In addition, it performs well and stably on standard data provided by SemEval 2012.
İşletmelerde stratejik yönetim faaliyetlerini değerlendirme araştırması

This study has aimed at being aware of the form of understanding and the level of adoption of the strategic management and planning approach by the managers in Turkiye. There upon, we studied activities of strategic management implemented by Top 100 firms of Turkiye, by using questionnaire and interview techniques conducted with top managers of these firms. Ratio of participation by Top 100 firms to our data collection process was more than 50%. Following issues have been investigated about the strategic management activities of Top 100 firms of Turkiye; amount of capital , number of employees, planning periods, types of strategic goals set by the managers, written and oral sources of information used during the process of planning, types of strategies chosen by the managers and techniques of planning used in 54 important firms that participated to our study. In addition, we tried to determine strengths and weaknesses of these firms, and also the factors that are believed to provide these firms with opportunities and those that are perceived as threats.
International Guiding Principles for Biomedical Research Involving Animals

Preamble: Experimentation with animals has made possible major contributions to biological knowledge and to the welfare of man and animals, particularly in the treatment and prevention of diseases. Many important advances in medical science have had their origins in basic biological research not primarily directed to practical ends as well as from applied research designed to investigate specific medical problems. There is still an urgent need for basic and applied research that will lead to the discovery of methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases for which adequate control methods are not yet available notably the noncommunicable diseases and the endemic communicable diseases of warm climates. Past progress has depended, and further progress in the foreseeable future will depend, largely on animal experimentation which, in the broad field of human medicine, is the prelude to experimental trials on human beings of, for example, new therapeutic, prophylactic, or diagnostic substances, devices, or procedures. There are two international ethical codes intended principally for the guidance of countries or institutions that have not yet formulated their own ethical requirements for human experimentation: The Tokyo revision of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association ( 1975); and the Proposed International Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects of the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences and the World Health Organization (1 982). These codes recognize that while experiments involving human subjects are a sine qua non of medical progress, they must be subject to strict ethical requirements. In order t o ensure that such ethical requirements are observed, national and institutional ethical codes have also been elaborated with a view to the protection of human subjects involved in biomedical (including behavioural) research. Because of differing legal systems and cultural backgrounds there are varying approaches to the use of animals for research, testing, or training in different countries. Nonetheless, their use should be always in accord with humane practices. The varying approaches in different countries to the use of animals for biomedical purposes, and the lack of relevant legislation or of formal self-regulatory mechanisms in some, point to the need for international guiding principles elaborated as a result of international and interdisciplinary consultations. The guiding principles proposed here provide a framework for more specific national or institutional provisions. They apply, not only to biomedical research but also to all uses of vertebrate animals for other biomedical purposes, including the production and testing of therapeutic, prophylactic, and diagnostic substances, the diagnosis of infections and intoxications in man and animals, and to any other procedures involving the use of intact live vertebrates.
Generating Mouse Models Using CRISPR‐Cas9‐Mediated Genome Editing

The CRISPR‐Cas9 system in bacteria and archaea has recently been exploited for genome editing in various model organisms, including mice. The CRISPR‐Cas9 reagents can be delivered directly into the mouse zygote to derive a mutant animal carrying targeted genetic modifications. The major components of the system include the guide RNA, which provides target specificity, the Cas9 nuclease that creates the DNA double‐strand break, and the donor oligonucleotide or plasmid carrying the intended mutation flanked by sequences homologous to the target site. Here we describe the general considerations and experimental protocols for creating genetically modified mice using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Unity in Diversity? Ethnicity, Migration, and Nation Building in Indonesia

Throughout history, many governments have introduced policies to unite diverse groups through a shared sense of national identity. However, intergroup relationships at the local level are often slow to develop and confounded by spatial sorting and segregation. We shed new light on the long-run process of nation building using one of history's largest resettlement programs. Between 1979 and 1988, the Transmigration program in Indonesia relocated two million voluntary migrants from the Inner Islands of Java and Bali to the Outer Islands, in an effort to integrate geographically segregated ethnic groups. Migrants could not choose their destinations, and the unprecedented scale of the program created hundreds of new communities with varying degrees of diversity. We exploit this policy-induced variation to identify the nonlinear ways in which diversity shapes incentives to integrate more than a decade after resettlement. Using rich data on language use at home, marriage, and identity choices, we find stronger integration in diverse communities. To understand why changes in diversity did not lead to social anomie or conflict, we identify mechanisms that influence intergroup relationships, including residential segregation, cultural distance, and perceived economic and political competition from migrants. Overall, our findings contribute lessons for the design of resettlement policies and provide a unique lens into the intergenerational process of integration and nation building.
Polar localization of Escherichia coli chemoreceptors requires an intact Tol–Pal complex

Subcellular biomolecular localization is critical for the metabolic and structural properties of the cell. The functional implications of the spatiotemporal distribution of protein complexes during the bacterial cell cycle have long been acknowledged; however, the molecular mechanisms for generating and maintaining their dynamic localization in bacteria are not completely understood. Here we demonstrate that the trans‐envelope Tol–Pal complex, a widely conserved component of the cell envelope of Gram‐negative bacteria, is required to maintain the polar positioning of chemoreceptor clusters in Escherichia coli. Localization of the chemoreceptors was independent of phospholipid composition of the membrane and the curvature of the cell wall. Instead, our data indicate that chemoreceptors interact with components of the Tol–Pal complex and that this interaction is required to polarly localize chemoreceptor clusters. We found that disruption of the Tol–Pal complex perturbs the polar localization of chemoreceptors, alters cell motility, and affects chemotaxis. We propose that the E. coli Tol–Pal complex restricts mobility of the chemoreceptor clusters at the cell poles and may be involved in regulatory mechanisms that co‐ordinate cell division and segregation of the chemosensory machinery.
Too Many Facebook “Friends”? Content Sharing and Sociability Versus the Need for Privacy in Social Network Sites

Little research has been conducted on the two most important criteria for the success of social network sites (SNS), that is, content sharing and sociability, and how these affect privacy experiences and usage behavior among SNS users. This article explores these issues by employing in-depth interviews and explorative usability tests, comparing the experiences and usage of younger and older Facebook users. First, the interviews revealed that Facebook users in all age groups reported more contact with several different groups of people, which reflects different types of social capital (i.e., family, friends, and acquaintances), because of Facebook, but not without consequences for privacy. Having too many Facebook “friends” and access to different social capital disrupt the sharing process due to experiences of social surveillance and social control. This social control often forces younger people in particular to use conformity as a strategy when sharing content to maintain their privacy. Further, the interviews revealed different motivations and usage patterns when older and younger users are compared. Second, the usability test found a significant difference between younger and older adults in time completion and task completion related to Facebook settings. Younger users are more skilled in their Facebook usage, whereas adults over the age of 40 have difficulties in understanding the navigation logic and privacy settings. Younger and older adults display completely open public profiles without realizing it. Finally, the design and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
Magnetic logic using nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy

In addition to a storage function through the magnetization of nanowires, domain wall propagation can be used to trigger magnetic logic functions. Here, we present a new way to realize a pure magnetic logic operation by using magnetic nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy. Emphasis is given on the generation of the logic function ‘NOT’ that is based on the dipolar interaction between two neighbouring magnetic wires, which favours the creation of a domain wall. This concept has been validated on several prototypes and the results fit well with the expectations.
Critical analysis of intestinal antisepsis.

• The most important period during which intestinal bacterial inhibition should be maintained is the period of early healing, which coincides with the period of paralytic ileus when nothing can be taken orally. When an intestinal antiseptic is administered, the doses should not be spaced more than four hours apart, because the effective agent will be swept out of the small intestine. Unsustained suppression of bacterial growth favors the outgrowth of the resistant organisms. Because intestinal surroundings are ideal for the continued growth of bacteria, antibiotic agents must be maintained in unusually high concentrations.
Photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in State 1 and State 2

The relationship between state transitions and photoinhibition has been studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. In State 2, photosystem II activity was more inhibited by light than in State 1. In State 2, however, the D1 subunit was not degraded, whereas a substantial degradation was observed in State 1. These results suggest that photoinhibition occurs via the generation of an intermediate state in which photosystem II is inactive but the D1 protein is still intact. The accumulation of this state is enhanced in State 2, because in this State only cyclic photosynthetic electron transport is active, whereas there is no electron flow between photosystem II and the cytochromeb 6 f complex (Finazzi, G., Furia, A., Barbagallo, R. P., and Forti, G. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1413, 117–129). The activity of photosystem I and of cytochrome b6f as well as the coupling of thylakoid membranes was not affected by illumination under the same conditions. This allows repairing the damages to photosystem II thanks to cell capacity to maintain a high rate of ATP synthesis (via photosystem I-driven cyclic electron flow). This capacity might represent an important physiological tool in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excess of light as well as from other a-biotic stress conditions.
Voltage Stability Evaluation Using Modal Analysis

The authors discuss the voltage stability analysis of large power systems by using a modal analysis technique. The method computes, using a steady-state system model, a specified number of the smallest eigenvalues and the associated eigenvectors of a reduced Jacobian matrix. The eigenvalues, each of which is associated with a mode of voltage/reactive power variation, provide a relative measure of proximity to voltage instability. The eigenvectors are used to describe the mode shape and to provide information about the network elements and generators which participate in each mode. A simultaneous iteration method, which is well suited to applications involving large power systems, is used for selective calculation of appropriate eigenvalues. Results obtained using a 3700 bus test system are presented illustrating the applicability of the approach. >
Using Adaptive Mobile Agents in Games Based Scenarios to Facilitate Foreign Language Word Learning

In this paper, we will be introducing, advocating and emphasising the role of an adaptive mobile agent in a game based scenario for supporting foreign language vocabulary learning. We will also be discussing our motivation to design a game for foreign language word learning. We will then be presenting an idea of a possible game design and also discuss the role of an adaptive agent in this game.
Lost in Propagation? Unfolding News Cycles from the Source

The news media play an important role in informing the public on current events. Yet it has been difficult to understand the comprehensiveness of news media coverage on an event and how the reactions that the coverage evokes may diverge, because this requires identifying the origin of an event and tracing the information all the way to individuals who consume the news. In this work, we pinpoint the information source of an event in the form of a press release and investigate how its news cycle unfolds. We follow the news through three layers of propagation: the news articles covering the press release, shares of those articles in social media, and comments on the shares. We find that a news cycle typically lasts two days. Although news media in aggregate cover the information contained in the source, a single news article will typically only provide partial coverage. Sentiment, while dampened in news coverage relative to the source, again rises in social media shares and comments. As the information propagates through the layers, it tends to diverge from the source: while some ideas emphasized in the source fade, others emerge or gain in importance. We also discover how far the news article is from the information source in terms of sentiment or language does not help predict its popularity.
Silica Modified by Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Ether and Silane Coupling Agent Together to Achieve High Performance Rubber Composites Using the Latex Compounding Method

The study of preparing silica/rubber composites used in tires with low rolling resistance in an energy-saving method is fast-growing. In this study, a novel strategy is proposed, in which silica was modified by combing alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (K-MEPTS) for preparing silica/natural rubber (NR) master batches. A thermal gravimetric analyzer and Raman spectroscopy results indicated that both AEO and K-MEPTS could be grafted on to the silica surface, and AEO has a chance to shield the mercaptopropyl group on K-MEPTS. Silica modified by AEO and K-MEPTS together was completely co-coagulated with the rubber in preparing silica/NR composites using the latex compounding method with the help of the interaction between AEO and K-MEPTS. The performance of composites prepared by silica/NR master batches was investigated by a rubber process analyzer (RPA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a tensile tester. These results demonstrate that AEO forms a physical interface between silica and rubber, resulting in good silica dispersion in the matrix. K-MEPTS forms a chemical interface between silica and rubber, enhancing the reinforcing effect of silica and reducing the mutual friction between silica particles. In summary, using a proper combination of AEO and K-MEPTS is a user-friendly approach for preparing silica/NR composites with excellent performance.
Motivation for Conjugality in Couples Life Cycle and Its Relation to Happiness and Satisfaction

The present research intended to study the motivation in couples along the life cycle and its relation to happiness and satisfaction. 185 heterosexual couples, separated into seven groups, participated in this study. Motivation was assessed using MS Motivation Scale (Rempel, Holmes, & Zanna, 1985; Portuguese version by Abreu-Afonso & Leal, 2009), a Unique Index Scale for Assessment of Marital Global Satisfaction and a Unique Index Scale for Assessment of Happiness. We concluded that, although during marriage cycle men and women’s motivation does not suffer large fluctuations, there is a decrease in women’s intrinsic motivations both personal and perceived. However, small differences can be reported when comparing both genders within each group. For marital satisfaction, perceived motivation is as important as personal motivation, but only in what concerns intrinsic motives. In a general overview, happiness seems to be a broader concept since the results of this variable are less complex than those concerning satisfaction.
Soybean pod blight and root rot caused by lineages of the Fusarium graminearum and the production of mycotoxins

Surveys of soybean (Glycine max) seed grown in South Brazil revealed infection with Fusarium graminearum. To determine if members of this complex were pathogenic to soybean, six strains derived from soybean were added to soil at a rate of 103 macroconidia/ ml or individual pods were inoculated with 104 macroconidia/ml. Seedlings grown in infested soil developed small necrotic lesions in the crown and upper roots. Pods inoculated with conidia developed large (>1 cm), dark brown, necrotic lesions. Younger pods inoculated with the fungus blighted and dropped from the plant. Strains of the F. graminearum complex recovered from lesions on the crown, roots and pods of soybean plants were identified as lineage 1, 2 or 8 by obtaining the DNA sequence from the EF1-alpha gene and comparing it to strains of the known lineage. Two strains of F. graminearum lineage 7 from the U.S. caused similar symptoms of the disease on soybean. Mycotoxin tests on soybean and wheat (Triticum aestivum) indicate that most Brazilian strains produce nivalenol as the major trichothecene mycotoxin rather than deoxynivalenol. In addition, strains from lineages 2 and 8 produce the novel trichothecene, 3-acetylnivalenol.
4-[(2′-Cyanobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]morpholin-4-ium tetrafluoridoborate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H19N2O+·BF4 −, bifurcated N—H⋯(F,F) hydrogen bonds link the protonated 4′-morpholinemethylbiphenyl-2-carbonitrile cations and slightly distorted tetrafluoroborate anions. π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.805 (3) Å] help to consolidate the packing. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the cation is 57.24 (11)°.
Effects of an intervention based on self-determination theory on self-reported leisure-time physical activity participation

Based on self-determination theory, the present study developed and evaluated the utility a school-based intervention to change pupils’ physical activity intentions and self-reported leisure-time physical activity behaviour. The study evaluated utility of the intervention to promote physical activity participation over a 5-week interval of time. A cluster randomised design targeting 215 pupils from 10 schools with schools as the unit of randomisation was adopted (Male = 106, Female = 109, Age = 14.84, SD = 0.48). Results indicated that pupils who were taught by autonomy-supportive teachers reported stronger intentions to exercise during leisure time and participated more frequently in leisure-time physical activities than pupils in the control condition. Autonomous motivation and intentions mediated the effects of the intervention on self-reported physical activity behaviour. It is concluded that self-determination theory provides a useful framework for the development of school-based interventions that ultimately affect leisure-time physical activity participation.