Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial dynamics in chondrocytes and their connection to the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm.

BACKGROUND The motion and redistribution of intracellular organelles is a fundamental process in cells. Organelle motion is a complex phenomenon that depends on a large number of variables including the shape of the organelle, the type of motors with which the organelles are associated, and the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm. This paper presents a study that characterizes the diffusive motion of mitochondria in chondrocytes seeded in agarose constructs and what this implies about the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm. METHOD OF APPROACH Images showing mitochondrial motion in individual cells at 30 s intervals for 15 min were captured with a confocal microscope. Digital image correlation was used to quantify the motion of the mitochondria, and the mean square displacement (MSD) was calculated. Statistical tools for testing whether the characteristic motion of mitochondria varied throughout the cell were developed. Calculations based on statistical mechanics were used to establish connections between the measured MSDs and the mechanical nature of the cytoplasm. RESULTS The average MSD of the mitochondria varied with time according to a power law with the power term greater than 1, indicating that mitochondrial motion can be viewed as a combination of diffusion and directional motion. Statistical analysis revealed that the motion of the mitochondria was not uniform throughout the cell, and that the diffusion coefficient may vary by over 50%, indicating intracellular heterogeneity. High correlations were found between movements of mitochondria when they were less than 2 microm apart. The correlation is probably due to viscoelastic properties of the cytoplasm. Theoretical analysis based on statistical mechanics suggests that directed diffusion can only occur in a material that behaves like a fluid on large time scales. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that mitochondria in different regions of the cell experience different characteristic motions. This suggests that the cytoplasm is a heterogeneous viscoelastic material. The study provides new insight into the motion of mitochondria in chondrocytes and its connection with the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm.
Overyielding and stable species coexistence.

The concept of overyielding originated in plant sciences in the 1950s and 1960s and was widely used in the following decades to assess whether mixtures of plants performed better than expected when compared with monocultures. Overyielding has re-emerged in the last few years as an important method in the analysis of biodiversity experiments (Hector, 1998; Loreau, 1998; Loreau et al., 2001, 2002; Hooper et al., 2005) and other new research areas (Bernasconi et al., 2003). Biodiversity experiments manipulate community diversity (while holding other factors constant) to investigate impacts on ecosystem functioning. Previously, use of the overyielding concept has been limited mainly to the analysis of community ecology experiments on species interactions and in agricultural research, particularly intercropping. However, there has been relatively little work that assesses the overyielding concept in the context of community ecology theory. Loreau (2004) used the classical Lotka–Volterra competition model to investigate overyielding and functional redundancy of species in the context of theory on the stable coexistence of species (Fig. 1). In this issue, Beckage & Gross (pp. 140–148) also use Lotka–Volterra competition models to assess the frequency and degree of overyielding of theoretical communities.
Mace4 Reference Manual and Guide

Mace4 is a program that searches for finite models of first-order formulas. For a given domain size, all instances of the formulas over the domain are constructed. The result is a set of ground clauses with equality. Then, a decision procedure based on ground equational rewriting is applied. If satisfiability is detected, one or more models are printed. Mace4 is a useful complement to first-order theorem provers, with the prover searching for proofs and Mace4 looking for countermodels, and it is useful for work on finite algebras. Mace4 performs better on equational problems than did our previous model-searching program Mace2.
Non-Probability Sampling for WWW Surveys: A Comparison of Methods

This study reports the findings of a comparison between different non-probability sampling methods applied in a WWW-user-survey. Respondents were recruited in four different ways; a one-page press release in a weekly business news magazine, newsgroup postings, hyperlinks from other web sites and an e-mailing. The results indicate that (1) newsgroup postings and e-mailings generate very high speed response, (2) all non-probability sampling methods possess different caveats which force researchers to apply them cautiously, (3) the recruitment methods generate responses of equal quality and completeness, (4) the various recruitment methods are not suited for generating stable results concerning demographic and webographic dimensions of the WWW-user population and (5) the complementary sampling methods allow useful inferences about web users' attitudes towards the WWW to be made.
Factor Structure of the Adolescent Clinical Sexual Behavior Inventory

The primary goal of this study was to determine if the Adolescent Clinical Sexual Behavior Inventory–Self-Report conformed to the five-factor scale format that was initially used with a clinical sample that included adolescents referred for sexual abuse evaluations. Participants were 141 teenagers, ages 12–19 (M = 15.11, SD = 1.4), and their primary caregivers. None of the participants were referred for sexual abuse evaluations. Principal components analyses found a different though similar set of factors. This sample yielded three factors that were similar to the original five factors identified by Friedrich, Lysne, Sim, and Shamos (2004). That is, the measure was found to reliably assess adolescents' sexual knowledge, risky sexual behaviors, and concerns related to appearance.
Simulated microgravity suppresses osteoblast phenotype, Runx2 levels and AP‐1 transactivation

Conditions of disuse such as bed rest, space flight, and immobilization result in decreased mechanical loading of bone, which is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Mechanisms involved in this process are not well understood but involve the suppression of osteoblast function. To elucidate the influence of mechanical unloading on osteoblasts, a rotating wall vessel (RWV) was employed as a ground based model of simulated microgravity. Mouse MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts were grown on microcarrier beads for 14 days and then placed in the RWV for 24 h. Consistent with decreased bone formation during actual spaceflight conditions, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression were decreased by 80 and 50%, respectively. In addition, runx2 expression and AP‐1 transactivation, key regulators of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, were reduced by more than 60%. This finding suggests that simulated microgravity could promote dedifferentiation and/or transdifferentiation to alternative cell types; however, markers of adipocyte, chondrocyte, and myocyte lineages were not induced by RWV exposure. Taken together, our results indicate that simulated microgravity may suppress osteoblast differentiation through decreased runx2 and AP‐1 activities. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Costly external equity: Implications for asset pricing anomalies

We document new evidence that the magnitude of the investment anomaly, the asset growth anomaly, the value premium, and the net stock issues puzzle is higher in financially more constrained firms than that in financially less constrained firms. We interpret the evidence using an investment-based asset pricing model augmented with costly external finance. Intuitively, financial frictions make marginal costs of investment more sensitive to investment in more constrained firms, giving rise to a stronger negative relation between investment and the discount rate. Rady School of Management, Otterson Hall, Room 3S149, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0553 La Jolla, CA 92093-0553. Tel: (858) 822-7455, fax: (858) 534-0744, and e-mail: dongmei@ucsd.edu. Finance Department, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, 701 Tappan, E 7601 Bus Ad, Ann Arbor MI, 48109-1234. Tel: (734) 936-3248, fax: (734) 936-0282, and e-mail: xuenanli@bus.umich. edu. Finance Department, Stephen M. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, 701 Tappan, E 7605 Bus Ad, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1234; and NBER. Tel: (734) 615-4854, fax: (734) 936-0282, and e-mail: zhanglu@bus.umich. edu. A portion of this work was completed while Lu Zhang was visiting Hanqing Advanced Institute of Economics and Finance at Renmin University of China, whose hospitality is gratefully acknowledged.
Cooperative popularity-aware MPEG-4/MPEG-7 streaming proxy system

Real-time multimedia services over network greatly arouse users' interests in multimedia objects. To decrease the influence of unstable network upon the quality of real-time multimedia services and to reduce the traffic loads of servers, we've implemented an MPEG-4/MPEG-7 streaming proxy system that can reduce client perceived startup latency and efficiently improve the utilization of the storage resources in streaming proxies. By distributing information of cached data between neighboring proxies in the same cluster, our cooperative streaming proxy system can redirect a client's request to another suitable proxy, or fetch-and-relay media objects if all proxies in the same cluster do not cache the requested object. Moreover, a popularity-aware caching policy is designed to make better use of the cache capacity among a cluster of neighboring streaming proxies; consequently, cache hit ratio can be further improved. The performance evaluation of our system is presented to demonstrate the improvements mentioned above.
Myeloperoxidase activity of the large intestine in an equine model of acute colitis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity could be a useful laboratory technique to detect granulocyte infiltration in equine intestinal tissues. SAMPLE POPULATION Intestinal tissue (inflamed or healthy) collected from 16 age- and sex-matched Shetland Ponies. PROCEDURE Intestinal tissue MPO activity was determined, and histologic assessment of adjacent specimens from healthy and inflamed intestine was done. RESULTS Intestinal tissue MPO activity and histopathologic score increased with time after castor oil challenge and peaked at 16 hours in an equine diarrhea model in which individual ponies provided their own control tissues. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal tissue inflammation scores correlated positively with tissue MPO activity in adjacent specimens. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Tissue MPO assay may be a useful laboratory tool to quantify intestinal mucosal inflammation in ponies.
The Efficacy of Bevacizumab, Sorafenib, and Retinoic Acid on Rat Endometriosis Model

Blood vessels are necessary for development and maintenance of the endometriosis and blood flow supplies oxygen and essential nutrient to the disease. Local angiogenesis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitors of VEGF may be a novel therapeutic approach. We inducted endometriosis in 43 rats and they were randomly allocated into 4 groups. The rats in group I (control n = 11) were given no medication. The rats in group II (n = 11) were given bevacizumab. The rats in group III (n = 11) were given Sorafenib, and the rats in group IV (n = 10) were given retinoic acid (RA). Then groups were compared for microvessel density, VEGF, soluble tyrosine-kinase receptor, ovarian reserve, and treatment effectivity. All these medications were effective on endometriosis and we detected that volume of endometriotic implants were significantly decreased. Ovarian reserve was not affected from the medication, in addition RA have induced reproductive capacity.
Analytic Algorithm for Strand Slot Leakage Reactance of the Transposition Bar in an AC Machine

Calculation of circulating current in transposition bars is the key problem in the design of stator windings, which will determine the transposition type of stator windings. The circuit equation method, in which the calculation of strand slot leakage reactance in transposition bars is the premise, is widely used in engineering to calculate circulating current. This paper describes an analytical algorithm for the calculation of strand slot leakage reactance in transposition bars called discrete integral method. The presented method is based on Ampere's circuit law. The slot leakage reactance of strands in transposition bars is calculated by the integral of the transposition path discretized into many key points under the proper coordinate system. Contrary to the existing calculation formula, the discrete integral method is a general method for the calculation of slot leakage reactance, which can simulate the transposition path of different transposition types. In order to validate the discrete integral method, the circulating current generated by slot leakage magnetic field of two typical transposition bars is calculated by circuit equation method and finite-element method.
Feature–opinion pair identification of product reviews in Chinese: a domain ontology modeling method

With the emergence of the new economy based on social media, a great amount of consumer feedback on particular products are conveyed through wide-spreading product online reviews, making opinion mining a growing interest for both academia and industry. According to the characteristic mode of expression in Chinese, this research proposes an ontology-based linguistic model to identify the basic appraisal expression in Chinese product reviews—“feature–opinion pair (FOP). ” The product-oriented domain ontology is constructed automatically at first, then algorithms to identify FOP are designed by mapping product features and opinions to the conceptual space of the domain ontology, and finally comparative experiments are conducted to evaluate the model. Experimental results indicate that the performance of the proposed approach in this paper is efficient in obtaining a more accurate result compared to the state-of-art algorithms. Furthermore, through identifying and analyzing FOPs, the unstructured product reviews are converted into structured and machine-sensible expression, which provides valuable information for business application. This paper contributes to the related research in opinion mining by developing a solid foundation for further sentiment analysis at a fine-grained level and proposing a general way for automatic ontology construction.
Flexibility and extensibility in the titin molecule: analysis of electron microscope data.

Muscle elasticity derives directly from titin extensibility, which stems from three distinct types of spring-like behaviour of the I-band portion of the molecule. With progressively greater forces and sarcomere lengths, the molecule straightens and then unfolds, first in the PEVK-region and then in individual immunoglobulin domains. Here, we report quantitative analysis of flexibility and extensibility in isolated titin molecules visualized by electron microscopy. Conformations displayed by molecules dried on a substrate vary from a random coil to rod-like, demonstrating highly flexible and easily deformable tertiary structure. The particular conformation observed depends on the "wettability" of the substrate during specimen preparation: higher wettability favours coiled conformations, whereas lower wettability results in more extended molecules. Extension is shown to occur during liquid dewetting. Statistical methods of conformational analysis applied to a population of coiled molecules gave an average persistence length 13.5(+/-4.5) nm. The close correspondence of this value to an earlier one from light-scattering studies confirms that conformations observed by microscopy closely reflected the equilibrium conformation in solution. Analysis of hydrodynamic forces exerted during dewetting also indicates that the force causing straightening of the molecules and extension of the PEVK-region is in the picoNewton range, whereas unfolding of the immunoglobulin and fibronectin domains may require forces about tenfold higher. The microscope data directly illustrate the relationship between titin conformation and the magnitude of applied force. They also suggest the presence of torsional stiffness in the molecule, which may affect considerations of elasticity.
Towards the Recommendation of Personalised Activity Sequences in the Tourism Domain

In this paper we consider the problem of recommending sequences of activities to a user. The proposed approach leverages the order as well as the context associated with the user’s past activity patterns to make recommendations. This work extends the general activity recommendation framework proposed in [16] to iteratively recommend the next sequence of activities to perform. We demonstrate the efficacy of our recommendation framework by applying it to the tourism domain and evaluations are performed using a real-world (checkin) dataset.
Mergers and acquisitions : practices, performance and perspectives

Preface The Revolutionary Restructuring Process of the Regional & Local Spanish Banks Mergers & Acquisitions: A Systematic Review of the Literature from a Strategic Point of View Implementing Acquirers Synergistic Intent: Cost Reduction, Revenue Enhancement & Bilateral Interactions with the Target The Role of Corporate Culture in Mergers & Acquisitions Transferring Organizational Resources & Capabilities in Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions: The Case of the European Energy Sector The Impacts of M&A on Employment & Labor Productivity in Japan Index.
The KeyNote trust management system version2, IETF RFC 2704

In a logic circuit having a load MISFET of the depletion type, a MISFET logic circuit employs a logic block of a predetermined logic expression, and a MISFET of the enhancement type. The depletion type MISFET, the logic block and the enhancement type MISFET are connected in series. The enhancement type MISFET is driven by clock pluses so that, only when it is conductive, current flows through the series circuit. Thus, the amount of power consumption is lowered.
IAS 39 and biases in the risk perception of financial instruments

There is a wide variety of reporting choices when presenting and disclosing financial instruments under IFRS. Behavioural theory suggests that the label under which a financial instrument is presented affects the risk perception of investors. We analyse in an experimental setting how and why the European reporting practice of presenting financial instruments by measurement categories affects non-professional investors’ risk perception. We find that risk perception depends on management’s choice of a measurement category and not solely on the dimensions of the underlying cash flows. This bias results from an interaction of availability and representativeness effects and calls into question the acceptability of a presentation by measurement category as allowed by IFRS 7.
Eradicating health communication inequalities in the internet of things era

Benefits of electronic social environments created with the support of IoT enabled devices can be augmented parallel to the communication power of users in equal levels. Even thougha variety of models and frameworks which describe factors associated with the eHealth literacy and online health information seeking behavior are available, it is very rare to have a framework which elucidates the role of social capital in health communication inequalities. Hence, the intent of this study is to develop a framework to explore socio-demographic, social determinants, and social networks' influences on eHealth literacy and online health information seeking among adults. To develop the conceptual framework, the authors reviewed the existing literature on health literacy with the support of Structural Influence Model of Health Communication (SIMHC). The authors anticipate this conceptual framework can serve as a catalyst for better health communication and future research is required to test the relationships in the framework.
Hodgkin ’ s Lymphoma – Current Concepts Sachdeva A , Wallace WHB

Juan A. del Regato, 1909-1999, was a superb clinician-educator who recognized the radio curability of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma but questioned treatment without late effects, particularly in children. The remarkable progress in paediatric Hodgkin’s disease today is a tribute to this influential pioneer, who served as a role model to many. Combined modality therapy using low-dose, involved-field radiation and multiagent chemotherapy today results in a 5year relative survival rate of 94% among American children with Hodgkin’s disease.2 However, several areas hold promise for future advances, new noninvasive staging techniques, including 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography; the definition of risk groups on the basis of a prognostic index, facilitating risk-adapted therapy.Finally, novel therapies, such as the anti-CD20 antibody, rituximab, may be useful for children with CD20+, lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin’s disease. The universal goal of cure without late effects is realistic for almost all children with Hodgkin’s disease today.
Social perception in synaesthesia for colour

ABSTRACT Synaesthesia is a rare phenomenon in which stimulation in one modality (e.g., audition) evokes a secondary percept not associated with the first (e.g., colour). Prior work has suggested links between synaesthesia and other neurodevelopmental conditions that are linked to altered social perception abilities. With this in mind, here we sought to examine social perception abilities in grapheme–colour synaesthesia (where achromatic graphemes evoke colour experiences) by examining facial identity and facial emotion perception in synaesthetes and controls. Our results indicate that individuals who experience grapheme–colour synaesthesia outperformed controls on tasks involving fine visual discrimination of facial identity and emotion, but not on tasks involving holistic face processing. These findings are discussed in the context of broader perceptual and cognitive traits previously associated with synaesthesia for colour, with the suggestion that performance benefits shown by grapheme–colour synaesthetes may be related to domain-general visual discrimination biases observed in this group.
Putative adhesins of Anaplasma marginale: major surface polypeptides 1a and 1b

Genes for the MSP1a and MSP1b subunits of the Anaplasma marginale surface antigen complex MSP1 were previously cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. We report here the localization of MSP1a and MSP1b polypeptides on the surface of recombinant E. coli by using a live cell indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay. Recombinant E. coli cells expressing the msp1 alpha gene or the msp1 beta gene encoding the MSP1a and MSP1b polypeptide subunits, respectively, were shown by a culture recovery adhesion assay and by direct microscopic examination to specifically adhere to bovine erythrocytes. This adhesion was more than additive when both genes were coexpressed in a single recombinant construct. Similarly, these recombinants hemagglutinated bovine erythrocytes in a microtiter hemagglutination assay. Inhibition of recombinant E. coli adhesion to bovine erythrocytes and hemagglutination inhibition were observed in the presence of homologous monospecific polyclonal antiserum raised against purified MSP1a or MSP1b polypeptide. These data suggest that the MSP1a and MSP1b polypeptides have functions as adhesins on A. marginale initial bodies, probably during erythrocyte invasion.