Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UArizona at the CLEF eRisk 2017 Pilot Task: Linear and Recurrent Models for Early Depression Detection

The 2017 CLEF eRisk pilot task focuses on automatically detecting depression as early as possible from a users' posts to Reddit. In this paper we present the techniques employed for the University of Arizona team's participation in this early risk detection shared task. We leveraged external information beyond the small training set, including a preexisting depression lexicon and concepts from the Unified Medical Language System as features. For prediction, we used both sequential (recurrent neural network) and non-sequential (support vector machine) models. Our models perform decently on the test data, and the recurrent neural models perform better than the non-sequential support vector machines while using the same feature sets.
An Examination of the Micro-Level Crime–Fear of Crime Link

Since the late 1960s, crime has been hypothesized to be associated with fear of crime. However, little research has been available to test this assumption at the individual level of analysis. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between crime and fear of crime using data collected from a random telephone survey of local residents in the city of Houston. The authors investigate if there is an impact of an individual’s spatial proximity to crime on fear of crime also measured at the individual level. To be more specific, the authors examine the crime–fear of crime link using three types of crime—violent crime, property crime, and disorder crime. Both the residence of respondents and crime events are spatially located, allowing the authors to construct a buffer surrounding the respondent’s residence to obtain the number of crime incidents that occur within a 528-foot (1/10th of a mile) radius of the residence. In addition, the authors explore the relationship between spatial distribution of actual crime events and individual fear of crime at 0.5-mile radius and 1.0-mile radius of each respondent who participated in the telephone interview. The findings suggest that a person’s proximity to crime incidents has a significant impact on fear of crime among respondents interviewed. Furthermore, the magnitudes of coefficients show that different types of crime (violent crime, property crime, and disorder crime) have similar impacts on fear of crime.
An Overview of Heuristic Knowledge Discovery for Large Data Sets Using Genetic Algorithms and Rough Sets

Uninformed or blind search, which processes and evaluates all nodes of a search space in the worst case, is not realistic for extracting knowledge from large data sets because of time constraints that are close related to the dimension of the data. Generally, the search space increases exponentially with problem size thereby limiting the size of problems which can realistically be solved using exact techniques such as exhaustive search. An alternative solution is represented by heuristic techniques, which can provide much help in areas where classical search methods failed. The word "heuristic" comes from Greek and means "to know", "to find", "to discover" or "to guide an investigation". Specifically, "Heuristics are techniques which seek good (near-optimal) solutions at a reasonable computational cost without being able to guarantee either feasibility or optimality, or even in many cases to state how close to optimality a particular feasible solution is. " (Russell, Norvig, 1995) Heuristic refers to any techniques that improves the average-case performance on a problem-solving task but does not necessarily improve the worst case performance. Heuristic techniques search the problem space "intelligently" using knowledge of previously tried solutions to guide the search into fruitful areas of the search space. Often, search spaces are so large that only heuristic search can produce a solution in reasonable time. These techniques improve the efficiency of a search process, sometimes by sacrificing the completeness or the optimality of the solution. Heuristics are estimates of the distance remaining to the goal, estimates computed based on the domain knowledge. The domain knowledge provides help to heuristics in guiding the search and can be represented in a variety of knowledge formats. These formats include patterns, networks, trees, graphs, version spaces, rule sets, equations, and contingency tables. With regard to heuristics there are a number of generic approaches such as greedy, A* search, tabu search, simulating annealing, and population-based heuristics. The heuristic methods can be applied to a wide class of problems in optimization, classification, statistics, recognition, planning and design. Of special interest is the integration of heuristic search principles with the dynamic processes in which data becomes available in successive stages, or where
Semi-supervised learning helps in sound event classification

We investigate the suitability of semi-supervised learning in sound event classification on a large database of 17 k sound clips. Seven categories are chosen based on the findsounds.com schema: animals, people, nature, vehicles, noisemakers, office, and musical instruments. Our results show that adding unlabelled sound event data to the training set based on sufficient classifier confidence level after its automatic labelling level can significantly enhance classification performance. Furthermore, combined with optimal re-sampling of originally labelled instances and iteratively learning in semi-supervised manner, the expected gain can reach approximately half the one achieved by using the originally manually labelled data. Overall, maximum performance of 71.7% can be reported for the automatic classification of sound in a large-scale archive.
A bio-inspired HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming player

In order to streamline video content distribution on a myriad of platforms over heterogeneous networks, HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is being increasingly adopted. In this paper we pilot a bio-inspired HAS optimisation design with the aim of maximising the overall user experience of a video playback session. Evaluations conducted within a real-world Internet environment, using quality indicators such as convergence time, start-up delay, average video rate, stability, and fairness, demonstrate the benefits of our design.
Aberrant Stress-induced Phosphorylation of Perikaryal Neurofilaments*

The aberrant phosphorylation of the neurofilament high molecular weight subunit (NFH) in the neuronal perikaryon is a common feature of several neurological diseases. We demonstrated a strong correlation between hyperphosphorylation of the NFH carboxyl-terminal domain and activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) -γ in PC12 cells. Agents that activated SAPKγ in PC12 cells also caused the hyperphosphorylation of perikaryal NFH in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. The NFH carboxyl-terminal domain was phosphorylated by SAPKγ in vitro, and the use of peptide substrates indicated that this event occurred preferentially at KSPXE motifs. We propose that SAPKγ, perhaps in concert with other SAPKs, is involved in the abnormal phosphorylation of perikaryal NFH. This finding could lead to new insights into the etiology of several neurological diseases.
Enriching SCFG rules directly from efficient bilingual chart parsing

In this paper, we propose a new method for training translation rules for a Synchronous Context-free Grammar. A bilingual chart parser is used to generate the parse forest, and EM algorithm to estimate expected counts for each rule of the ruleset. Additional rules are constructed as combinations of reliable rules occurring in the parse forest. The new method of proposing additional translation rules is independent of word alignments. We present the theoretical background for this method, and initial experimental results on German-English translations of Europarl data.
Clinical psychologists’ implementation of the Mental Capacity Act

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an exploration of the experiences of clinical psychologists involved in implementing the Mental Capacity Act (MCA). Design/methodology/approach – Seven clinical psychologists were interviewed and transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings – Six themes were identified: competence and confidence; understanding and uncertainty; colleagues, collaboration, conflicts, and challenges; working within the law: processes and penalties; the psychological way: specialist skills and difficult decision-making; and power, principles, and protecting the person. The themes highlighted how the specialist skills and professional values of clinical psychologists enhanced their ability to maintain person-centred approaches and uphold the empowering principles underlying the MCA. Data analysis indicated a shared narrative among clinical psychologists involved in implementing the MCA, despite differences in client groups and contexts. Practical implications – Th.
Sensor Fusion for Mobile Robot Navigation A First Subjective Discussion

The aim of this report is to discuss the use of multi sensor data fusion for mobile robot navigation Smart sensory systems are crucial for successful autonomous systems We will only give a short review of existing techniques since there exist several recent thorough books and review paper on this subject Instead we will focus on the main results limitations and open problems with relevance to the intelligent service robot project at the Centre of Autonomous Systems CAS at KTH We will also describe the on going experimental work on the NOMAD platform on local navigation using ultra sonar and infra red range sensors We will conclude by discussing some possible future extensions of the project
Developing Efficient Option Pricing Algorithms by Combinatorial Techniques

How to price options efficiently and accurately is an important research problem. Options can be priced by the lattice model. Although the pricing results converge to the theoretical option value, the prices do not converge monotonically. Worse, for some options like barrier-options, the prices can oscillate significantly. Thus, large computational time may be required to achieve acceptable accuracy. The combinatorial techniques can be used to improve the performance for pricing a wide variety of options. This paper uses vanilla options, single-barrier options, double-barrier options, and lookback options as examples to show how to derive linear-time pricing algorithms by combinatorial techniques. These algorithms are shown to compare favorably against many other lattice algorithms, which takes at least quadratic time in computation.
Teachers' Philosophical Orientation and Practices: A Study of Novice Preschool Teachers in South Korea

The purpose of this study was to explore the philosophical basis of novice preschool teachers in South Korea and how this pedagogical orientation was reflected in their classrooms. Through interviews and observations, this research gave Korean preschool teachers the opportunity to voice their beliefs about child-centered pedagogy, and illuminated how their beliefs were reflected in their teaching. Interestingly, Korean preschool teachers strongly believed in the importance of child-centered learning, no matter what type of institution they had graduated from. However, their teaching styles were significantly different. Several external factors restricted the teachers and prevented them from implementing their own beliefs in practice. These factors included whether the teachers were in public or private settings, whether they had graduated from two-year or four-year teacher education programs, and the presence of the Korean culture. In conclusion, reform plans for South Korean kindergartens are suggested in order to improve the quality of early childhood education, as well as to provide more support for teachers.
When Leaders Fail to “Walk the Talk”

This research examines a condition under which supervisor undermining is related to perceptions of leader hypocrisy that then lead to employee turnover intentions. Drawing on behavioral integrity theory and arguments from the social cognition literature, the authors argue that subordinates compare supervisor undermining to an interpersonal justice expectation, as a salient social cue, to draw conclusions regarding leader hypocrisy. In turn, the cognitive conclusion that the leader is indeed a hypocrite generates uncertainty that subordinates are motivated to manage by increasing turnover intentions. The authors examine perceptions of leader hypocrisy as the mediator of their proposed theoretical model while controlling for psychological contract breach and trust in supervisor. Results from a scenario-based experiment ( N = 202) and a survey-based study ( N = 312) provide general support for the authors’ hypotheses.
Acute stress‐mediated increases in extracellular glutamate levels in the rat amygdala: differential effects of antidepressant treatment

Depressive illness is associated with changes in amygdalar volume, and stressful life events are known to precipitate depressive episodes in this patient population. Stress affects amygdalar synaptic plasticity and several neurotransmitter systems have been implicated in stress‐mediated changes in the brain, including the glutamatergic system. However, the role of the glutamatergic system in stress‐mediated plasticity in the amygdala remains to be determined. Accordingly the current study examined the stress modulation of extracellular glutamate levels in the basolateral nucleus (BLA) and the central nucleus (CeA) of the amygdala by in vivo microdialysis. Acute stress increased extracellular glutamate levels in the BLA and CeA, although the dynamics of these stress‐mediated changes were dramatically different in these amygdalar nuclei. Tetrodotoxin administration reduced basal, and completely eliminated stress‐mediated increases in glutamate efflux in the amygdala, demonstrating that stress effects are dependent on local axonal depolarization. Moreover, stress‐mediated increases in glutamate efflux in the BLA were inhibited by the antidepressant tianeptine but not by the selective serotonin‐reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. Collectively, these data demonstrate that stress‐induced modulation of glutamate neurochemistry reflects a fundamental pathological change that may contribute to the aetiology and progression of depressive illness, and suggest that some antidepressants such as tianeptine may elicit their clinical effects by modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Effective surveillance of vector dynamics of Aedes aegypti in a hospital setting in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION Hospitals are important for vector control of endemic diseases. METHODOLOGY To investigate the presence of dengue vectors, 30 locations at a university hospital in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, were monitored from January to December 2009 for mosquito eggs using ovitraps placed in high-traffic internal and external areas. RESULTS A total of 2,302 eggs were obtained. Positivity rate at different sites ranged from 50.0% to 0.0%, with the highest indices in external areas. The presence of eggs correlated with increasing humidity (r = 9.81; p = 0.0013). DISCUSSION The study aimed to detect and verify the infestation level of the dengue vector and the influence of abiotic factors. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that this hospital may be considered an environment for the spread of dengue and hence strategic actions, including control measures and programs aimed at preventing the transmission of this vector, must be implemented.
Ethnic Identity, Self‐Esteem, and Values in Dominicans, Puerto Ricans, and African Americans

This study investigates the relationship between ethnic identity, self-esteem, value orientations, and perceived value congruence in 207 minority students. It also investigates within-group concordance and cross-cultural differences in value orientations. Dilemmas were used to measure value orientations and perceived congruence between personal and group values. A version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992) and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (1965) were used to measure ethnic identity and self-esteem, respectively. Ethnic identity was positively related to self-esteem. The perception of value congruence was not related to ethnic identity or self-esteem. There was within-group concordance in the ranking of value solutions. In addition, the groups differed in the strength of ethnic identity, perceived value congruence, and the ranking of the value solutions.
Deregulation of iron homeostasis and cold‐preservation injury to rat liver stored in University of Wisconsin solution

Very little is known about iron metabolism and the mediators of iron metabolism in liver subjected to cold storage before transplantation. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of cold storage on iron homeostasis in the rat liver. When livers were stored at 4°C in University of Wisconsin solution for up to 6 and 24 hours, significant increases occurred in the labile iron pool, ferritin protein, and heme oxygenase activity. Significant decreases in heme content and iron regulatory protein 1 and 2 binding activities occurred by 24 hours. Liver injury indicated by significant increases in University of Wisconsin solution transaminase activity and liver lipid hydroperoxide levels occurred by 6 and 24 hours. Taken together, these results suggest that during pretransplantation cold storage of the liver, an aberrant iron homeostasis develops that contributes to preservation injury, and predisposes the liver to reperfusion injury by iron‐dependent reactive oxygen species/Fenton reaction.
Study Abroad and Changes in Degree of Foreign Accent in Children and Adults

The present study examines the impact of learning context and age on learners' degree of foreign accent. Participants of two different age groups (children vs. adults) learning English in two different contexts (at home vs. study abroad) were interviewed and asked to narrate a story and to fill out a questionnaire about their language use while abroad. A group of listeners rated the degree of perceived foreign accent of the oral productions of each of the groups. It was found that learning context played a significant role, with participants in the study abroad setting having a significantly milder foreign accent in the posttest. Although age did not influence the results statistically, child participants abroad experienced the greatest improvement and also spent more time speaking with native speakers than adult participants abroad. These results shed light on the characteristics of the study abroad experience that are beneficial for learners and on learner characteristics that optimize such an experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
On the Numerical Rank of the Off-Diagonal Blocks of Schur Complements of Discretized Elliptic PDEs

It is shown that the numerical rank of the off-diagonal blocks of certain Schur complements of matrices that arise from the finite-difference discretization of constant coefficient, elliptic PDEs in two spatial dimensions is bounded by a constant independent of the grid size. Moreover, in three-dimensional problems the Schur complements are shown to have off-diagonal blocks whose numerical rank is a slowly growing function.
Sensorless speed control of a permanent magnet type axial gap self-bearing motor using sliding mode observer

This paper presents an analytical and experimental evaluation of sensorless speed vector control of an axial gap self bearing motor, in which rotor speed and position are estimated by using Sliding mode observer. The approach is based on the estimation of the motor back-EMF (or induced voltage) through a sliding mode observer with help of measured stator currents and reference voltages. In order to achieve an accurate estimation of the rotor speed and position, an adaptive gain of sliding mode controller is proposed. In addition, during the operation of system, low pass filters are used to smooth the estimated variables. Experiment is implemented based on dSpace1104 with two three phase inverters. Results confirm that axial force and rotating torque can be controlled independently and motor can get the good performance in steady state at the average and high speed range, so further work is being continued to improve the experiment for this proposal.
Signals from the Deep: Reach-Related Activity in the Human Superior Colliculus

Neurophysiological studies in nonhuman species indicated that neurons in the superior colliculus (SC) are involved in the control of upper limb movements. These findings suggested that the SC represents a crucial hub in a general sensorimotor network, including skeletomotor as much as oculomotor functions. In contrast to the SC in the various animal models, the human SC is largely unknown territory. In particular, it is unknown whether findings of reach-related activity in the nonhuman SC can be extrapolated to humans. Using fMRI we found signal increases at superficial/intermediate and deep locations at the SC during the execution of arm movements. In contrast, signals related to saccade execution were confined to the superficial and intermediate locations. Although targets for reaching were presented in the left and right hemifields under central fixation, we found a lateralization of reach-related signals with respect to the active arm. In contrast, saccade-related activity was bilateral, in agreement with the bilateral target presentation and the resulting directions of saccades. Our results suggest that the human SC not only contributes to the coordination of eye movements and spatial shifts of attentions but also to the sensorimotor control of arm movements.
Spatialized Haptic Rendering: Providing Impact Position Information in 6DOF Haptic Simulations Using Vibrations

In this paper we introduce a "Spatialized Haptic Rendering" technique to enhance 6DOF haptic manipulation of virtual objects with impact position information using vibrations. This rendering technique uses our perceptive ability to determine the contact position by using the vibrations generated by the impact. In particular, the different vibrations generated by a beam are used to convey the impact position information. We present two experiments conducted to tune and evaluate our spatialized haptic rendering technique. The first experiment investigates the vibration parameters (amplitudes/frequencies) needed to enable an efficient discrimination of the force patterns used for spatialized haptic rendering. The second experiment is an evaluation of spatialized haptic rendering during 6DOF manipulation. Taken together, the results suggest that spatialized haptic rendering can be used to improve the haptic perception of impact position in complex 6DOF interactions.
IT-Enabled Organizational Agility and Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Organizational agility has recently received a great deal of attention as a significant business capability for competing in the current dynamic business environments. Further, researchers have hypothesized that information technology management enables organizational agility and competitive success. However, few large scale empirical efforts have yet been conducted to examine the hypothesized nomological networks surrounding IT capabilities, organizational agility, and competitive performance. This research utilizes data from a large-scale field survey and archival performance data to test a model of the relationships among IT capabilities, organizational agility, and firm performance. The results of a structural equation model analysis indicate that IT capability enables operational innovation capability and operational excellence capability, which in turn affect the development of two types of agility. These two types of agility, entrepreneurial and adaptive agility, are found to be associated with firms' sustainable competitive advantage. These findings provide a better understanding of the strategic role of IT in contemporary businesses. The study benefits both academics and practitioners by providing conceptual advancements of research constructs and theoretical extension of IT-enabled organizational agility.