Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human Cortical Electroencephalography (EEG) Rhythms during the Observation of Simple Aimless Movements: A High-Resolution EEG Study

In the present high-resolution electroencephalographic (EEG) study, we computed event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) of alpha (about 10 Hz) and beta (about 20 Hz) rhythms in association with the execution (with visual feedback) and observation of brisk unilateral right and left aimless finger movements. A first scope was to test the topographical "functional equivalence" of cortical rhythmicity related to movement execution and observation, which would represent an ideal cortical observation/execution matching system. A second scope was to evaluate the hypothesis of a left or right hemisphere prevalence of the cortical rhythmicity related to the movement observation compared to the movement execution. EEG (128 electrodes) was recorded in 10 healthy right-handed volunteers. Surface Laplacian estimation spatially enhanced EEG data over a MRI-constraint head model. Under both conditions, ERD peaked during the movement execution or observation and was replaced by a ERS "rebound" or "recovery," which peaked during the postevent period. Topographical results are in favor of a "functional equivalence" (i.e., similar ERD/ERS values in magnitude and timing) of alpha and beta rhythmicity in central scalp regions overlying premotor/primary sensorimotor cortex. On the contrary, the functional equivalence of alpha rhythmicity was negligible (i.e., different ERD/ERS values in magnitude and timing) in parietal-occipital scalp regions overlying posterior parietal and parieto-occipital cortex, which could be the neural substrate to distinguish among the own motor intensions and others' aimless movements (i.e., visuomotor transformation integrated with sensorimotor, postural, and kinematics representations). Finally, the pattern of hemispherical cortical rhythmicity did not support a "simple concentration" of movement observation functions in the left or right hemisphere.
Assessing Exposure to Household Air Pollution: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Carbon Monoxide as a Surrogate Measure of Particulate Matter

Background: Household air pollution from solid fuel burning is a leading contributor to disease burden globally. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is thought to be responsible for many of these health impacts. A co-pollutant, carbon monoxide (CO) has been widely used as a surrogate measure of PM2.5 in studies of household air pollution. Objective: The goal was to evaluate the validity of exposure to CO as a surrogate of exposure to PM2.5 in studies of household air pollution and the consistency of the PM2.5–CO relationship across different study settings and conditions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies with exposure and/or cooking area PM2.5 and CO measurements and assembled 2,048 PM2.5 and CO measurements from a subset of studies (18 cooking area studies and 9 personal exposure studies) retained in the systematic review. We conducted pooled multivariate analyses of PM2.5–CO associations, evaluating fuels, urbanicity, season, study, and CO methods as covariates and effect modifiers. Results: We retained 61 of 70 studies for review, representing 27 countries. Reported PM2.5–CO correlations (r) were lower for personal exposure (range: 0.22–0.97; median=0.57) than for cooking areas (range: 0.10–0.96; median=0.71). In the pooled analyses of personal exposure and cooking area concentrations, the variation in ln(CO) explained 13% and 48% of the variation in ln(PM2.5), respectively. Conclusions: Our results suggest that exposure to CO is not a consistently valid surrogate measure of exposure to PM2.5. Studies measuring CO exposure as a surrogate measure of PM exposure should conduct local validation studies for different stove/fuel types and seasons. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP767
Collaborative spectrum sensing: Optimising the number of collaborating users

In the IEEE 802.22 standard, the spectrum sensing mechanism is identified as a key functionality of a cognitive radio. Due to the channel uncertainty, a single cognitive user, in most cases, can not make a reliable decision and hence collaboration or cooperation of and among multiple users is required. However, when large number of cognitive users are collaborating with each other, the bandwidth requirements for sending their result to the fusion centre tends to be very large. In this paper, a metric for spectrum efficiency is defined and used for the optimisation of collaborative spectrum sensing. An optimisation algorithm is presented to calculate the optimal number of collaborating cognitive users with the aim to maximise overall spectrum efficiency by satisfying certain constraints in terms of global probability of detection and probability of false alarm. Numerical results show that for maximum spectrum efficiency collaboration of only a subset of the available cognitive users is required.
Predictive accuracy and explained variation

Measures of the predictive accuracy of regression models quantify the extent to which covariates determine an individual outcome. Explained variation measures the relative gains in predictive accuracy when prediction based on covariates replaces unconditional prediction. A unified concept of predictive accuracy and explained variation based on the absolute prediction error is presented for models with continuous, binary, polytomous and survival outcomes. The measures are given both in a model‐based formulation and in a formulation directly contrasting observed and expected outcomes. Various aspects of application are demonstrated by examples from three forms of regression models. It is emphasized that the likely degree of absolute or relative predictive accuracy often is low even if there are highly significant and relatively strong covariates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using knowledge of the region of interest (ROI) in automatic image retrieval learning

In this paper, we propose an automatic relevance feedback retrieval system using perceptually important features extracted from regions of interest. The system is implemented via self-learning using a self-organizing tree map (SOTM) neural network. Our proposed method involves the construction of regions of interest from retrieved images using edge flow model, and the grouping of the regions into a single perceptually significant entity. This knowledge is fed into a set of unsupervised relevance feedback learning modules based on the SOTM to guide the adaptation of relevance feedback parameters through a machine learning approach without user interaction. Optimal tradeoff between the user workload in the interactive process and user subjectivity is then be explored by incorporating a semi-automatic retrieval strategy. Experimental results indicate that this system, with automatic and semiautomatic adaptations, can minimize user interaction, optimize precision, as well as reduce performance errors caused user subjectivity.
A Novel Notch System Having Two Stopbands Based on Duplexer for Broadband Applications

This letter presents a novel notch system having two independent stopbands to satisfy the complicated requirements of broadband applications. The undesired interaction between the spurious responses of the first stopband and the desired bands (broad passband and the second stopband), which is difficult to be handled with traditional designs, is eliminated by the isolation feature of a duplexer pair. Three extensional prototypes with corresponding topologies are proposed to expand applications of the system. To validate the proposed idea, an example in which stopbands' fractional bandwidths are 37% and 100% at 1 GHz and 4 GHz in 0.5-18 GHz application is implemented. A good agreement between the simulated and measured results demonstrates the realizability of this novel idea.
Polyamine cytotoxicity in the presence of bovine serum amine oxidase.

The toxicity of extracellular spermine, determined in the presence of fetal calf serum, was studied using three cell lines: FM3A, L1210, and NIH3T3 cells. Amine oxidase in fetal calf serum produces aminodialdehyde generating acrolein spontaneously, H(2)O(2), and ammonia from spermine. Spermine toxicity was prevented by aldehyde dehydrogenase, but not by catalase. Similar concentrations of spermine and acrolein were needed to produce toxicity. Other aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and propionaldehyde) and hydrogen peroxide were less toxic than acrolein. Spermidine and 3-aminopropanal, which produces acrolein, also exhibited severe cytotoxicity. The degree of cytotoxicity of spermine, spermidine, and 3-aminopropanal was nearly parallel with the amount of acrolein produced from each compound. Thus, it was deduced that acrolein is a major toxic compound produced from polyamines (spermine and spermidine) by amine oxidase.
Open Access UHPSFC/MS - an additional analytical resource for an academic mass spectrometry facility.

RATIONALE Many compounds submitted for analysis in Chemistry at the University of Southampton do not retain, elute or ionize using open access reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC/MS) and require analysis via infusion. An ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry approach was implemented to afford high-throughput analysis of these compounds with chromatographic separation. METHODS A UPC(2) -TQD MS system has been incorporated into the open access MS provision within Chemistry at the University of Southampton, using an ESCi source (electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization) and an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source. Access to instrumentation is enabled via a web-based interface (RemoteAnalyzer™). RESULTS Compounds such as fluorosugars, fullerenes, phosphoramidites, porphyrins, and rotaxanes exhibiting properties incompatible with RP-UHPLC/MS have been analyzed using automated chromatography and mass spectrometry methods. The speedy return of data enables research in these areas to progress unhindered by sample type. The provision of an electronic web format enables easy incorporation of chromatograms and mass spectra into electronic files and reports. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of UHPSFC/MS increases access to a wide range of chemistries incompatible with reversed-phase chromatography and polar solvents, enabling more than 90% of submitted samples to be analyzed using an open access approach. Further, chromatographic separation is provided where previously flow injection or infusion analyses were the only options. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tissue-specific Expression of a Human Polymorphic Epithelial Mucin ( MUC 1 ) in Transgenic Mice

The human MICI gene codes for the core protein of a inutili which is expressed by glandular epithelia and the carcinomas which develop from these tissues. The core protein is aberrantly glycosylated in cancers, and some antibodies show specificity in their reactions with the cancerassociated mutin, which also contains epitopes recognized by "I-tells from breast and pancreatic cancer patients. For evaluating the potential use of mucin-reactive antibodies and mucin-based Â¡mmunogens in cancer patients, a mouse model, expressing the Ml (I gene product PEM (polymorphic epithelial mucin) as a self antigen, would be extremely useful. To this end, we have developed transgenic mouse strains express ing the human Ml'(. 'I gene product in a tissue-specific manner. The TG4 mouse strain was established using a 40-kilobase fragment containing 4.5 kilobases of 5' and 27 kilobases of 3' flanking sequence. The TG18 strain was developed using a 10.6-kilobase . S'adÃ¬fragment from the 40kilobase fragment; this fragment contained 1.6 kilobases of 5' sequence and 1.9 kilobases of 3' flanking sequence. Both strains showed tissue specificity of expression of the MUC1 gene, which was very similar to the profile of expression seen in human tissues. The antibody SM-3 is directed to a core protein epitope, which is selectively exposed in breast cancers and which shows a more restricted distribution on normal human tissues. It was established that the distribution of the SM-3 epitope of PEM in the tissues of the transgenic mice is similar to that seen in humans. The transgenic mouse strains described here should form the basis for the development of a preclinical model for the evaluation of PEM-based antigens and of antibodies directed to PEM in cancer
A Method for Semantic Matching and Annotation of Images for Image Retrieval

We propose a method that could automatically annotating images with some keywords that could feasibly describe the semantics of the images. A set of training images as well as their annotations are trained to find the relationships between images as well as between keywords. New image could then be annotated and retrieved according to such relationships. Our preliminary experiments suggest promising result in both image annotation task and image retrieval task.
AUV Application for Inspection of Underwater Communications

Regular inspection of underwater communications (pipelines and cables) is actual problem of modern oil and gas industry. Specially equipped vessels, towed underwater devices and remote operated vehicles /ROV/ are applied for these purposes as usually, but quality of acquired data does not always allow revealing emergencies at the proper time. “Spot” inspections by ROVs give difficultly comparable data (Baker, 1991; Murray, 1991). The perspective solution of the problem is autonomous underwater vehicles /AUV/ application as “the intellectual carrier” of research equipment (Evans et al., 2003; Kojima et al., 1997). According (Ageev, 2005) the main goals of pipeline and cables inspection are: 1. more accurate position determination (searching and tracking); 2. pipe sagging and freespan detection and measurement; 3. terrain survey on each side of communication by means of high frequency side scan sonar /HF SSS/ and detection of extraneous objects; 4. detection of damages; 5. leakage detection of transported substances (for pipelines). The pipeline and cable inspection by means of AUV includes two stages: preliminary (communication search and detection) and the main (motion along the communication with carrying out of necessary measurements, i.e. tracking). Exact mutual orientation of AUV and inspected object is required in real time during the tracking stage. To solve inspection tasks AUV should be equipped with reliable detection systems for inspected object recognition. Video, electromagnetic and echo-sounder data can be used for these purposes. Each of these devices demonstrates optimal results for certain classes of objects in appropriate conditions. For example, metal pipelines have the significant sizes and can be detected by all listed above devices. While underwater cables have a small diameter, because of this applicability of acoustic methods is limited (Petillot et al., 2002). Process of communications search and detection is complicated, as a rule, with a poor visibility of the given objects (strewed with a ground, silted or covered by underwater flora and fauna). Experiments with the use of AUV for inspection of underwater communications have been carried out for a long time. Usually only one instrument, which AUV is equipped with, is used for object detection. O pe n A cc es s D at ab as e w w w . in te ch w eb . o rg
Inclusive governance in non-profit organisations

The study of private non-profit enterprises that offer general interest services is only at the start. The understanding of existing organisations resists an inclusive, public interest view of governance. This contribution aims at providing a reflection on specific features that non-profit enterprises should have, and outlines four main justifications for including stakeholders in production governance: 1) access to knowledge and other resources, 2) trust creation, 3) internal efficiency, 4) external efficiency. Conclusions elaborate on Hansmann’s classic theory of the firm to suggest that governance solutions need to be assessed on the basis of total costs, considering also the lower level of social costs that is created when governance includes relevant stakeholders. Our model highlights that when social costs are high, even an enterprise with costly decisional processes, such as the multi-stakeholder, can be the most efficient solution amongst other possible alternatives.
The intricate role of Smads in the regulation of FPGS gene expression

Antifolates are important components of treatment regimens of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Following cellular uptake, antifolates undergo polyglutamylation, catalyzed by the enzyme folylpoly-γ-glutamate synthetase (FPGS), which is crucial for their intracellular retention and cytotoxic activity. Hence, loss of FPGS activity results in diminished antifolate polyglutamylation and antifolate resistance. Aberrant TGF-β/Smad signaling is thought to be a major contributor to leukemogenesis, as members of this pathway are negative regulators of hematopoiesis. Recently we characterized the human antifolate resistant leukemia cell line MTA C-3 which lost 97% of its cellular FPGS activity and harbors a heterozygous point mutation in exon12 of FPGS. This resulted in the loss of 99% of the expression of the wild type FPGS allele, while the expression of the mutant allele was retained. Research into the molecular mechanism underlying the selective silencing of the wild type allele in these cells established exon12 of FPGS as an intragenic transcriptional regulator, with the ability to drive transcription in vitro . We further showed that exon12 can be occupied by many transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins (e.g. Smad4/Ets-1, HP-1 and Brg1) in vivo and that the expression of FPGS is inversely correlated with the binding of a Smad4/Ets-1 complex to exon12, both in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells and acute myeloid leukemia blast specimens. Here we further demonstrate the possible roles of Smads in the regulation of FPGS gene expression. We found that treatment of MTA C-3 cells with 5-aza-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A results in repression of the mutant allele as well as in decreased expression of FPGS in drug sensitive parental CCRF-CEM cells. This repression correlated with an increased expression of Smad3 and the inhibitory Smad7. These findings bear important implications for the rational overcoming of antifolate resistance in leukemia.
User's Attitude - Contemporary Reflections of an Old Concept

User’s attitude is a central construct in IT adoption models. Based on the Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior the affect-based attitude scales adapted by Davis et al. 1989 in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) have remained basically unchanged ever since. However, scientometric results from MISQ and ISR from 1989-2010 resulting in a total of 37 articles indicate that 26% of attitude-behavior-relations in IT adoption models are insignificant. This paper represents an attempt to explain and analyze these findings by adding aspects of contemporary social psychology research on attitude and developing a research framework that merges these aspects with IT adoption characteristics. As a result, two propositions are developed containing combinations of adoption characteristics, where attitude is assumed to have a larger impact on usage than in others. Scientometric data supports the proposition that the attitude-behavior relation is likely to be significant, when usage is voluntary combined with hedonic IT systems and post-adoption scenarios. This research questions the manner of adapting the attitude scales applied by Davis et al. and advocates the usage of situation-based scales that incorporate the specificities of IT adoption in order to reduce the level of insignificance of the attitude construct in IT adoption models.
Approximate bounds on frequency estimates for short cisoids in colored noise

It is demonstrated that the Cramer-Rao lower bounds on frequency estimates for short data records containing cisoids in colored Gaussian noise are well approximated by simple formulas based on a white noise assumption, suitably modified to account for the local noise levels at the cisoidal frequencies. The approximations are accurate to within a few tens of percent, even for records with as few as ten data points, provided the noise spectra are reasonably smooth over frequency intervals corresponding to 2/spl pi/ times the reciprocal of the number of data points.
Wavelet Packet based Strategy to Mitigate Wideband Interference on Impulse Radio

In this contribution we present a novel wavelet packet based method to mitigate interference from wide band sources such as the WLAN standard IEEE 802.11a on impulse radio. The scheme works by linearly decomposing the UWB transmission pulse into an expansion set and selectively removing sub-components in a way that interference zones are avoided. This way the transmission signal spectrum is dynamically sculpted by a proper choice of pulse waveforms and wavelet packet codes, to mitigate interference. The focus of the work is on the design and application of maximally frequency selective filter banks derived from a modified Remez exchange algorithm. Through simulation results the proposed scheme is shown to be effective for mitigation of IEEE 802.11a interference with a much improved bit error rate performance.
Pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between stress and headache intensity in chronic tension-type headache.

BACKGROUND A central model for chronic tension-type headache (CTH) posits that stress contributes to headache, in part, by aggravating existing hyperalgesia in CTH sufferers. The prediction from this model that pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between stress and headache activity has not yet been examined. OBJECTIVE To determine whether pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between stress and prospective headache activity in CTH sufferers. METHOD Self-reported stress, pain sensitivity and prospective headache activity were measured in 53 CTH sufferers recruited from the general population. Pain sensitivity was modelled as a mediator between stress and headache activity, and tested using a nonparametric bootstrap analysis. RESULTS Pain sensitivity significantly mediated the relationship between stress and headache intensity. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study support the central model for CTH, which posits that stress contributes to headache, in part, by aggravating existing hyperalgesia in CTH sufferers. Implications for the mechanisms and treatment of CTH are discussed.