Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Curriculum recontextualisation : a case study of the South African high school history curriculum.

This thesis aims to answer the question: How is history knowledge contextualised into pedagogic communication? Empirically, it takes place at a specific point in the curriculum change process in South Africa, namely the period when the new curriculum for the Further Education and Training (FET) band was implemented in Grade 10 classrooms in 2006. The study is theoretically informed by a sociological lens and is specifically informed by the theories of Basil Bernstein, particularly his concepts of the pedagogic device, pedagogic discourse, pedagogic practice and vertical and horizontal knowledge structures. It is premised on the assumption that the official policy message changes and recontextualises as it moves across the levels of the pedagogic device. It tracks the recontextualisation of the history curriculum from the writers of the curriculum document to the actual document itself, to the training of teachers and the writing of textbooks and finally to three Grade 10 classrooms where the curriculum was implemented in 2006. The empirical work takes the form of a case study of the FET history curriculum. Data were collected from a range of different participants at different levels of the pedagogic device. It was not possible to interrogate all the sets of data with the same level of detail. As one moves up and down and pedagogic device, certain things come into focus, while other things move out of focus. Data were collected through interviews with the writers of the history curriculum, with publishers and writers of selected Grade 10 history textbooks and through participant observation of a workshop held by the provincial education department to induct teachers in the requirements of the new FET history curriculum. Data were collected in the Grade 10 history classrooms of three secondary schools in 2005 and 2006. The school fieldwork comprised video recording five consecutive lessons (ten lessons over two years) in each of the three Grade 10 classrooms, interviewing the history teachers and selected learners, collecting the test papers and assignment tasks and assessment portfolios from selected learners.
Intermodel Agreement of Myocardial Blood Flow Estimation From Stress-Rest Myocardial Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the intermodel agreement of different magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion models and evaluate their correspondence to stenosis diameter. Materials and MethodsIn total, 260 myocardial segments were analyzed from rest and adenosine stress first-pass myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance images (1.5 T, 0.050 ± 0.005 mmol/kg body weight gadolinium; 122 segments in rest, 138 in stress) in 10 patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. Signal intensity curves were calculated per myocardial segment, of which the contours were traced with QMASS MR V.7. 6 (Medis, Leiden, the Netherlands), and exported to Matlab. Myocardial blood flow quantification was performed with distributed parameter, extended Toft, Patlak, and Fermi parametric models (in-house programs; Matlab R2013a; Mathworks Inc, Natick, MA). Modeling was applied after the signal intensity curves were corrected for spatial magnetic field inhomogeneity and contrast saturation. Overall and grouped perfusion values based on presence of coronary stenosis (>50% diameter reduction) at coronary computed tomography angiography at second generation dual-source computed tomography were compared between the perfusion models. ResultsRest and stress myocardial perfusion estimates for all models were significantly related to each other (P < 0.001). The highest correlation coefficients were found between the extended Toft and Fermi models (R = 0.89−0.91) and low correlation coefficients between the distributed parameter and Patlak models (R = 0.66−0.68). The models resulted in significantly different perfusion estimates in stress (P = 0.03), but not in rest (P = 0.74). The differences in perfusion estimates in stress were caused by differences between the distributed parameter and Patlak models and between the Patlak and Fermi models (both P < 0.001). Significantly lower perfusion estimates were found for myocardial segments subtended by coronary arteries with versus without significant stenosis, but only for estimations produced by the extended Toft model (P = 0.04) and Fermi model (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences in rest perfusion values between models. ConclusionsQuantitative myocardial perfusion values in stress depend on the modeling method used to calculate the perfusion estimate. The difference in myocardial perfusion estimate with or without stenosis in the subtending coronary artery is most pronounced when the extended Toft or Fermi model is used.
O Impacto da Comunicação do Banco Central do Brasil sobre o Mercado Financeiro

In inflation targeting regimes, the transparent communication of monetary policy is an important instrument to reduce uncertainties and coordinate market expectations. This paper examines how the financial market reacts to the Central Bank of Brazil communication and shows that there is significant reduction in the volatility of future interest rates after the release of the minutes of the Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) and the Inflation Report. On the other hand, these forms of communication do not significantly affect the slope of the yield curve, the exchange rate and the stock market index (Ibovespa).
The normal movements of the colon in man

THE researches carried out during the last few years by means of the X-rays on the stomach and small intestines have led to a clear understanding of their motor functions. The nature of the normal movements of the colon has, however, until recently retnained a complete mystery. Whenever the shadow of the colon was examined after a bismuith meal, it was found to be completely immobile, so that it was assumed that the progress of its contents along the colon depended upon peristaltic waves, which were too slow to be observed. There were, however, two exceptions. Early in 1907 Hertz and Schlesinger' watched the process of defaecation and saw the contents of the cocum and ascending colon move bodily into the transverse colon, whilst everything beyond the splenic flexure was carried through the pelvic colon and rectum and evacuated. In April, 1908, one of us2 had an opportunity of watching for several minutes the movements of the contents of the colon of a woman during an attack of severe colic, due to obstruction produced by cancer of the pelvi-rectal flexure. At one moment the caecum and the transverse colon were seen and the ascending colon was invisible; then the shadow suddenly rushed towards the obstruction at the pelvi-rectal flexure, leaving the coacum and transverse colon empty; the next moment the bismuth had rushed back to the caecum again. Whilst this was going on, different parts of the colon were felt to rise up and contract into hard cords, the phenomenon being what Nothnagel described as intestinal stiffening. Not more than a second or two was occupied in the passage of the faeces from one end of the colon to the other, and no definite peristaltic or antiperistaltic waves were seen. The explanation then offered was that the obstruction
Using Large Data Sets to Study College Education Trajectories

This chapter presents various considerations researchers undertook to conduct a quantitative study on low-income students using a national data set. Specifically, it describes how a critical quantitative scholar approaches guiding frameworks, variable operationalization, analytic techniques, and result interpretation. Results inform how policymakers and school administrators can focus their efforts to improve the academic preparation and college enrollment of low-income students.
Rapid Parallel Synthesis of Bioactive Folded Cyclotides by Using a Tea‐Bag Approach

We report here the first rapid parallel production of bioactive folded cyclotides by using Fmoc‐based solid‐phase peptide synthesis in combination with a “tea‐bag” approach. Using this approach, we efficiently synthesized 15 analogues of the CXCR4 antagonist cyclotide MCo‐CVX‐5c. Cyclotides were synthesized in a single‐pot, cyclization/folding reaction in the presence of reduced glutathione. Natively folded cyclotides were quickly purified from the cyclization/folding crude mixture by activated thiol Sepharose‐based chromatography. The different folded cyclotide analogues were then tested for their ability to inhibit the CXCR4 receptor in a cell‐based assay. The results indicated that this approach can be used for the efficient chemical synthesis of libraries of cyclotides with improved biological properties that can be easily interfaced with solution or cell‐based assays for rapid screening.
Enhancement of protein translocation across the membrane by specific mutations in the hydrophobic region of the signal peptide

The hydrophobic region of the signal peptide of the OmpA protein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane was extensively altered in its hydrophobicity and predicted secondary structure by site-specific mutagenesis. The mutated signal peptides were fused to nuclease A from Staphylococcus aureus, and the function of the signal peptide was examined by measuring the rate of processing of the signal peptide. Six of the 12 mutated signal peptides in the nuclease hybrid were processed faster than the wild-type. In particular, the processing of the mutated signal peptide in which the alanine residue at position 9 was substituted with a valine residue was enhanced almost twofold over the processing of the wild-type signal peptide. In addition, the production of nuclease A fused with this mutated signal peptide also increased twofold. However, these effects were not observed when the mutated signal peptide was fused to TEM beta-lactamase. Analysis of the present mutations suggests that both overall hydrophobicity and distinct structural requirements in the hydrophobic region have important roles in signal peptide function.
Strategic Export Pricing: A Long and Winding Road

“Pricing is the moment of truth. ” This phrase is especially valid for international pricing. As most markets reach saturation, communication technologies such as the Internet lead to more transparency, retail price maintenance disappears, and product life cycles become shorter, firms will find it increasingly difficult to establish and maintain price differences across markets. Given their power, pricing issues have attracted little research interest compared with other marketing tools. The author aims to shed more light on the process of industrial exporters’ international pricing practices. On the basis of a series of 45 qualitative interviews with seasoned international business executives from five different industries, the author describes common “best practices. ” Along with insights gained from the available literature, these linkages are tied to a conceptual framework. As the information comes from experienced, internationally active firms from a European Union country, findings are indicative for other European Union countries.
Editorial: Who needs leadership? Social problems, change, and education futures

We are all impacted by leadership; we all have the opportunity to take the lead; hence, we all need leadership and an understanding of this complex social phenomenon. Leadership speaks to a ubiquitous, identifiable set of human activities that support and assist, particularly in relation to change. Currently, changes in many things, including technology, “constitutes [sic] the most consequential set of changes in society since the late nineteenth century, when the nation went from a largely domestic, rural, agrarian mode of living to an industrial, international, and urban economy” (Keller, 2008, Preface xi). For education “this set of circumstances is going to force all academic enterprises to rethink their place and purpose not just in philosophical terms but in very pragmatic ways as well” (Beaudoin, 2003, p. 520). These philosophical and pragmatic changes also affect leadership practice and the role of leader.
Cross-cohort changes in gender pay differences in Britain from 1972 to 2004: accounting for selection into employment using wage imputation

This paper examines trends in the labour market position of British women and men from 1972 to 2004, using micro data from three British Birth Cohort Studies, of 1946, 1958 and 1970. Women’s rates of employment and hourly pay have been lower than men’s over this period, but generally increasing. Because employment decisions are influenced by the level of pay on offer, changes in women’s relative pay in the working population may not be representative of changes in their labour market position. We accounted for selection into employment by imputing missing hourly wages for non-employees using observed wages of employees of the same sex and age with similar work and family histories, matched on their propensity score. At each survey, women’s median hourly pay was lower than men’s. Although relative pay increased across the cohorts, it decreased with age within each cohort. Accounting for selection into employment gave a lower estimate of young women’s potential pay relative to men’s in the two earlier cohorts, flattening the within-cohort profile for the earliest cohort. This evidence supports the view that the improvement in young women’s labour market position since the 1970s has been substantial, and is underestimated in pay trends for the working population.
Cross-country evidence on the productivity effects of trade: the role of competition and country size

Using aggregate manufacturing data and a cross-section of 40 countries, we estimate the effects of trade, competition and country size on productivity. Endogeneity of trade and competition is accounted for using instruments that are based on entry barriers and geographical characteristics of the countries. We establish several empirical regularities: (i) Both trade and competition are statistically and economically significant determinants of productivity. (ii) The pro-competitive effect of trade accounts for a quarter of trade's total productivity effects. (iii) Country size appears to play no role, once trade and competition are controlled for. (iv) There is no evidence for a nonlinear relation between competition and productivity or for the hypothesis that larger countries gain less from trade.
Global Governance through Private Organizations

Governance at international and global levels is not only provided through states and markets but also through a variety of private organizations. The business world is well represented through this kind of organization and contributes to global governance through self-regulation across a number of industries. This article examines these efforts in the encompassing organization of global commerce, in the pharmaceutical industry and among dye stuffs producers. Smaller organizations are generally better suited to monitor compliance and impose sanctions on members violating the codes and norms behind self-regulation. Even small organizations, however, are confronted with problems and there is also evidence of large and very complex organizations having established effective mechanisms as alternatives to public regulation. These experiences can be built into theories on self-regulation as a form of global governance.
DDoS attack volume forecasting using a statistical approach

In this paper, we propose a proactive security method that estimates distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack volume in order to overcome the limitation of the response time of reactive security systems based on intrusion detection. To that end, we define and discuss network intrusion forecasting and intrusion factors in comparison to intrusion detection. Intrusion factors for a DDoS attack are also analyzed and collected from the Honeynet system. Based on the data from the Honeynet system, we conduct correlation and regression analysis, both statistical approaches, to predict the potential DDoS attack volume for the network security of our university. By combining network intrusion detection with intrusion forecasting, network operators can take active countermeasures based on the forecasting results and strengthen the network security.
Monitoring People Treated with Isotretinoin for Depression

Depression has been reported in some patients treated with isotretinoin, an effective medication for nodulocystic acne, a serious disorder resulting in permanent scarring. Since major depression, a common disorder associated with multiple health risks including suicide attempts and treatment noncompliance, may occur during the course of treatment with isotretinoin, persons treated with isotretinoin must be screened for depression before starting treatment and monitored for depression regularly during the course of treatment with isotretinoin. Those with evidence of depression must then be referred for prompt treatment to abort serious adverse outcomes, including suicide. Psychologists constitute key members of the treatment team of patients taking isotretinoin.
Cell Surface Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors Increase Src and c-Cbl Activity and Receptor Ubiquitylation*

Background: The endocytic pathway spatially regulates EGFR signaling. Results: Activated, cell surface, EGFRs stimulate Src and c-Cbl better than intracellular receptors and increase receptor ubiquitylation. Conclusion: Sustained signaling from the plasma membrane enhances receptor ubiquitylation, a key component of EGFR down-regulation. Significance: Cell surface EGFRs signal key regulatory mechanisms for receptor degradation. There is an established role for the endocytic pathway in regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling to downstream effectors. However, because ligand-mediated EGFR endocytosis utilizes multiple “moving parts,” dissecting the spatial versus temporal contributions has been challenging. Blocking all endocytic trafficking can have unintended effects on other receptors as well as give rise to compensatory mechanisms, both of which impact interpretation of EGFR signaling. To overcome these limitations, we used epidermal growth factor (EGF) conjugated to polystyrene beads (EGF beads). EGF beads simultaneously activate the EGFR while blocking its endocytosis and allow analysis of EGFR signaling from the plasma membrane. Human telomerase immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells were used to model normal epithelial cell biology. In hTCEpi cells, both cell surface and intracellular EGFRs exhibited dose-dependent increases in effector activity after 15 min of ligand stimulation, but only the serine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was statistically significant when accounting for receptor phosphorylation. However, over time with physiological levels of receptor phosphorylation, cell surface receptors produced either enhanced or sustained mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), and the pro-oncogene Src activity. These increases in effector communication by cell surface receptors resulted in an increase in EGFR ubiquitylation with sustained ligand incubation. Together, these data indicate that spatial regulation of EGFR signaling may be an important regulatory mechanism in receptor down-regulation.
The lobbies’ network at the EU policy level: the case of security and defense

Lobbyists may not share the same interests, but they usually agree to form a link in a network which could eventually be used to spread information, to search for potential partners, to speak with one voice to decision makers. In other words, social links represent value for lobbyists because they may ultimately facilitate access. In this article, we explore the network of the Security and Defense lobbies in the EU and we describe its structure.
E-service quality perceptions: an empirical analysis of the Chinese e-retailing industry

China will become the largest online retail market in the world in the near future. Chinese consumers may have their own patterns of online consumption and behaviour that are different from those of consumers in the West. However, most research on consumer behaviour and e-service quality relies on theoretical frameworks developed in Western societies. The aim of this paper is to propose and empirically verify a conceptual framework for how customers judge e-service quality in the context of the Chinese e-retailing industry. Meanwhile, the key dimensions of e-service quality are searched with a survey to understand the e-service quality perceptions of Chinese consumers to enhance their e-satisfaction and e-loyalty. The empirical results suggest that e-retailers should pay more attention to process quality and service recovery in the context of Chinese culture and Chinese personality with high uncertainty avoidance taking consideration of service guarantee as one aspect.
Practical High-Speed Metal-Based Optical Microscanning Devices with Low Production Cost

Practical high-speed metal-based optical microscanning devices with low production cost and simple fabrication process were successfully fabricated by direct deposition of piezoelectric materials using the aerosol deposition method (ADM) onto the micro-structured metal scanner frame. Large optical scanning angle of 35 ° at high resonance frequency of 23.6 kHz was achieved in ambient air without vacuum package.
A Reconceptualization of Entrepreneurial Orientation in an Emerging Market Insurance Company

The authors examine how entrepreneurial firms gain competitive advantage and hence entrepreneurial success by optimizing their dynamic capabilities. Using a single case design, incorporating in-depth interviews with key informants within an insurance company in Ghana, the authors attempt to highlight the limitations of an existing model. Their key proposition is that the growth and profitability exhibited in the case study are largely attributable to its ability to leverage its entrepreneurial orientation. They argue, therefore, that despite the ability of the resource-based view to translate into competitive advantage at the firm level, it falls short of longer-term competitive advantages and entrepreneurial success—especially in the financial services sector with homogeneous product offerings.
Modeling online collective emotions through knowledge transfer

Online emotion diffusion is a compound process that involves interactions with multiple modalities. For instance, different behaviors influence the velocity and scale of emotion diffusion in online communities. Depicting and predicting massive online emotions helps to guide the trend of emotion evolution, thus avoiding unprecedented damages in crises. However, most existing work tries to depict and predict online emotions based on models not considering related modalities. There still lacks an efficient modeling framework that promotes performance by leveraging multi-modality knowledge, and quantifies the interactions among different modalities. In this paper, we elaborate a computational model to jointly depict online emotions and behaviors. By introducing a common structure, we can quantify how user emotions interact with the corresponding behaviors. To scale up to large dataset, we propose a hierarchical optimization algorithm to accelerate the convergence of the model. Evaluation on Sina Weibo dataset suggests that prediction error rate is lowered by 69 percent with the proposed model. In addition, the proposed model helps to explain how user emotions influence consequent behaviors in extreme situations.