Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopy Surveillance After Polypectomy May be Extended Beyond Five Years

Objectives Colonoscopy surveillance interval data longer than 5 years are limited. We examined adenoma yield to identify factors that predict appropriate intervals for postpolypectomy surveillance greater than 5 years, including risk of advanced adenoma recurrence. Methods We identified patients with and without adenomas on an index colonoscopy who returned at 5 to 10 years for a follow-up colonoscopy. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables that predict finding an adenoma on follow-up colonoscopy. Results Three hundred ninety-nine patients were identified with a follow-up colonoscopy at an interval of >5 years. Irrespective of surveillance interval, adenoma incidence occurred in 116 patients (29.1%) with 25 (6%) having advanced adenomas. Patients with nonadvanced adenomas on index colonoscopy had a similar risk of advanced adenoma on follow-up colonoscopy at 5 years versus 6 to 10 years, 5% versus 6.2% (P=0.39). The risk of advanced adenoma at 5 and 6 to 10 years in patients with a negative index colonoscopy was 7% versus 3.6% (P=0.15). Patients with an advanced adenoma at index colonoscopy had the highest rate of advanced adenoma detection at 5 years at 26%. Proximal polyp location (odds ratio 12.4, confidence interval 2.7-56.7) predicted advanced adenoma occurrence at 5 years. Conclusions Postpolypectomy colonoscopy intervals can be extended beyond 5 years in patients with nonadvanced adenomas. Our findings also support a rescreening interval of 5 to 10 years in patients with a negative index colonoscopy. Patients with an index advanced adenoma are at highest risk for recurrent advanced adenoma and should have repeat colonoscopy before a 5 years interval.
HIF1α and pancreatic β‐cell development

During early embryogenesis, the pancreas shows a paucity of blood flow, and oxygen tension, the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), is low. Later, the blood flow increases as β‐cell differentiation occurs. We have previously reported that pO2 controls β‐cell development in rats. Here, we checked that hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) is essential for this control. First, we demonstrated that the effect of pO2 on β‐cell differentiation in vitro was independent of epitheliomesenchymal interactions and that neither oxidative nor energetic stress occurred. Second, the effect of pO2 on pancreas development was shown to be conserved among species, since increasing pO2 to 21 vs. 3% also induced β‐cell differentiation in mouse (7‐fold, P< 0.001) and human fetal pancreas. Third, the effect of hypoxia was mediated by HIF1α, since the addition of an HIF1α inhibitor at 3% O2 increased the number of NGN3‐expressing progenitors as compared to nontreated controls (9.2‐fold, P<0.001). In contrast, when we stabilized HIF1α by deleting ex vivo the gene encoding pVHL in E13.5 pancreas from Vhl floxed mice, Ngn3 expression and β‐cell development decreased in such Vhl‐deleted pancreas compared to controls (2.5 fold, P<0.05, and 6.6‐fold, P< 0.001, respectively). Taken together, these data demonstrate that HIF1α exerts a negative control over β‐cell differentiation. —Heinis, M. , Soggia, A. , Bechetoille, C. , Simon, M. ‐T. , Peyssonnaux, C. , Rustin, P., Scharfmann, R. , Duvillié, B. HIF1α and pancreatic β‐cell development. FASEB J. 26, 2734–2742 (2012). www.fasebj. org
CMSWVHG-control MS Windows via hand gesture

CMSWVHG (Control MS Windows via hand Gesture) provides the facility to users to perform numerous windows actions, those can be performed by keyboard and mouse, through hand gesture. The proposed system recognizes different hand gestures to enable natural Human computer interaction without using any external device. This gesture controlled system reveals the technology for those users who are uncomfortable with input devices like keyboard or mouse. By keeping in view different detection and recognition techniques which already exists in literature, this methodology provides a device less environment to control MS Windows. The individual techniques used for performing a single task like hand detection, Gesture recognition etc. are combined together to give a broad view of technology in form of this gesture controlled application CMSWVHG. This application uses internal or external camera of computer for taking input with the help of OpenCV [4]. The gestures used for controlling some actions of mouse and keyboard are very simple, so that the humans can interact with computer easily which is the basic purpose of this system and research.
Genome-Wide Identification of Nodule-Specific Transcripts in the Model Legume Medicago truncatula 1

The Medicago truncatula expressed sequence tag (EST) database (Gene Index) contains over 140,000 sequences from 30 cDNA libraries. This resource offers the possibility of identifying previously uncharacterized genes and assessing the frequency and tissue specificity of their expression in silico. BecauseM. truncatula forms symbiotic root nodules, unlike Arabidopsis, this is a particularly important approach in investigating genes specific to nodule development and function in legumes. Our analyses have revealed 340 putative gene products, or tentative consensus sequences (TCs), expressed solely in root nodules. These TCs were represented by two to 379 ESTs. Of these TCs, 3% appear to encode novel proteins, 57% encode proteins with a weak similarity to the GenBank accessions, and 40% encode proteins with strong similarity to the known proteins. Nodule-specific TCs were grouped into nine categories based on the predicted function of their protein products. Besides previously characterized nodulins, other examples of highly abundant nodule-specific transcripts include plantacyanin, agglutinin, embryo-specific protein, and purine permease. Six nodule-specific TCs encode calmodulin-like proteins that possess a unique cleavable transit sequence potentially targeting the protein into the peribacteroid space. Surprisingly, 114 nodule-specific TCs encode small Cys cluster proteins with a cleavable transit peptide. To determine the validity of the in silico analysis, expression of 91 putative nodule-specific TCs was analyzed by macroarray and RNA-blot hybridizations. Nodule-enhanced expression was confirmed experimentally for the TCs composed of five or more ESTs, whereas the results for those TCs containing fewer ESTs were variable.
Automated Detection, Exploitation, and Elimination of Double-Fetch Bugs using Modern CPU Features

Double-fetch bugs are a special type of race condition, where an unprivileged execution thread is able to change a memory location between the time-of-check and time-of-use of a privileged execution thread. If an unprivileged attacker changes the value at the right time, the privileged operation becomes inconsistent, leading to a change in control flow, and thus an escalation of privileges for the attacker. More severely, such double-fetch bugs can be introduced by the compiler, entirely invisible on the source-code level. We propose novel techniques to efficiently detect, exploit, and eliminate double-fetch bugs. We demonstrate the first combination of state-of-the-art cache attacks with kernel-fuzzing techniques to allow fully automated identification of double fetches. We demonstrate the first fully automated reliable detection and exploitation of double-fetch bugs, making manual analysis as in previous work superfluous. We show that cache-based triggers outperform state-of-the-art exploitation techniques significantly, leading to an exploitation success rate of up to 97%. Our modified fuzzer automatically detects double fetches and automatically narrows down this candidate set for double-fetch bugs to the exploitable ones. We present the first generic technique based on hardware transactional memory, to eliminate double-fetch bugs in a fully automated and transparent manner. We extend defensive programming techniques by retrofitting arbitrary code with automated double-fetch prevention, both in trusted execution environments as well as in syscalls, with a performance overhead below 1%.
Online Diagramming Recognition Based on Automatic Stroke Parsing and Bayesian Classifier

Owing to the fluent and lightweight nature of freehand drawing, sketch-based user interface is becoming increasingly significant in graphical computing. However, it is still an important problem that user can fluently draw with such a tool. This paper presents a strategy for online diagramming recognition. Two distinct characteristics are addressed. Firstly, a method of automatic stroke parsing is proposed based on spatial proximity parameter. It can automatically and quickly group inputting strokes into a single object as user intended. Secondly, a Bayesian classifier is designed to implement domain-independent online diagramming recognition. It can recognize the inputting symbols insensitive to drawing styles of different users with high precision. The experiment results prove the effectiveness and fluentness of our prototype system for different users
Characterization of the genetic locus encoding Haemophilus influenzae type b surface fibrils

Haemophilus influenzae is a common gram-negative pathogen that initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract epithelium. In previous work, we reported the isolation of a locus involved in expression of short, thin surface fibrils by H. influenzae type b and presented evidence that surface fibrils promote attachment to human epithelial cells. In the present study, we determined that the fibril locus is composed of one long open reading frame, designated hsf, which encodes a protein (Hsf) with a molecular mass of approximately 240 kDa. The derived amino acid sequence of the hsf product demonstrated 81% similarity and 72% identity to a recently identified nontypeable H. influenzae adhesin referred to as Hia. In experiments with a panel of eight cultured cell lines, the Hsf and Hia proteins were found to confer the same binding specificities, suggesting that hsf and hia are alleles of the same locus. Southern analysis and mutagenesis studies reinforced this conclusion. Further investigation revealed that an hsf homolog is ubiquitous among encapsulated H. influenzae strains and is present in a subset of nontypeable Haemophilus strains as well. We speculate that the hsf gene product plays an important role in the process of respiratory tract colonization by H. influenzae.
Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Lobectomy Versus Observation for Thyroid Nodules >4 cm.

BACKGROUND The management of thyroid nodules >4 cm with benign cytology after fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is controversial. FNAB is associated with a high false-negative rate in this setting, and may result in a delayed diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer. However, the majority of these nodules are benign. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the cost-utility of observation versus surgical management for thyroid nodules >4 cm with benign cytology after FNAB. METHODS A microsimulation model comparing routine thyroid lobectomy with observation for low-risk patients with >4 cm thyroid nodules with benign FNAB cytology was constructed. Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and life-years gained were calculated over a lifetime time horizon from a U.S. Medicare perspective. RESULTS The proportion of patients undergoing thyroid lobectomy for benign final pathology was 40% in the observation strategy versus 66% in the surgical strategy (p < 0.001). Overall, the surgical strategy was associated with higher lifetime costs compared with the observation strategy (incremental difference: + US$12,992 [confidence interval (CI) 13,042-13,524]), but also more QALYs (+0.12 QALYs [CI 0.02-0.24]) and longer life expectancy (+1.67 years [CI 1.00-2.41]). Incremental lifetime costs were lower for patients <55 years compared with those ≥55 years (+11,181 vs. +14,811, p < 0.001). The probability of cost-effectiveness of the surgical strategy was 49% at a $100k/QALY threshold or 65% at a $100k/life-year gained threshold. CONCLUSIONS Routine thyroid lobectomy is associated with improved outcomes at an acceptable cost compared with observation for thyroid nodules >4 cm with benign cytology after FNAB. Surgical resection may be a cost-effective strategy to rule out malignancy in these nodules.
Analyse et modélisation du trafic internet

Cette these s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’analyse et la modelisation du trafic Internet a l’echelle des flots. L’extraction en ligne des statistiques sur les flots est une tâche difficile a cause du tres haut debit du trafic actuel. Nous nous sommes interesses dans cette these a l’etude de deux classes d’algorithmes traitant en ligne le trafic Internet. Dans la premiere partie, nous avons concu un nouvel algorithme base sur les filtres de Bloom pour l’identification en ligne des grands flots. Le point fort de cet algorithme est l’adaptation automatique aux variations du trafic. Une application interessante est la detection en ligne des attaques par deni de service. Nous avons donc developpe une version de l’algorithme qui integre les specificites des attaques. L’experimentation montre que cette nouvelle methode est capable d’identifier quasiment toutes les sources de trafic anormal avec un delai tres court. Nous avons aussi etudie la performance de l’algorithme d’identification en ligne des grands flots. La deuxieme partie de la these est consacree a l’etude de l’echantillonnage et des algorithmes d’inference des caracteristiques du trafic d’origine. D’abord, en utilisant un resultat d’approximations poissonniennes, nous avons montre que les deux methodes d’echantillonnage : deterministe et probabiliste donnent des resultats equivalents du point de vue composition du trafic echantillonne en flots. Ensuite, nous avons concu un algorithme permettant d’estimer, par un calcul asymptotique, a partir du trafic echantillonne, le nombre de flots dans le trafic reel et la distribution de leur taille sur un intervalle de temps court
Mechanism for return stack and branch history corrections under misprediction in deep pipeline design

Return stack may be popped due to branch misprediction, corrupting its contents. Meanwhile, erroneous branch history is also recorded for upcoming branch predictions. These errors are more likely in deep pipelines, and their handling affects performance seriously. We study these issues, and propose solutions with two virtues: low hardware overhead, and high branch prediction accuracy comparable with that of a shallow pipeline design. To deal with return stack corruption, any push and pop after any mispredicted branch should be counted and recorded. These simple rules get overly complicated when multiple unresolved branches exist, and anyone may be erroneous, as is common in deeper pipelines. Next, to deal with branch history contamination, extra history bits, plus a branch confirmation pointer are needed. The experiment result shows that our design is effective, about 4%~9% performance improvement in MiBench.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Postcontrast T1 Time Is Associated With Outcome in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction

Background—The underlying pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is incompletely understood, but myocardial extracellular matrix accumulation is thought to play a major role. Our aims were to estimate myocardial extracellular matrix using cardiac magnetic resonance T1 mapping and to assess the relationship between pathobiology/pathophysiology and prognosis. Methods and Results—Patients with suspected HFPEF (n=100) were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Confirmatory diagnostic tests, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging including T1 mapping, and invasive hemodynamic assessments were performed at baseline. Sixty-one patients with confirmed HFPEF entered a longitudinal outcome-monitoring phase (mean, 22.9±5.0 months), during which 16 had a cardiac event. Cardiac magnetic resonance T1 time (hazard ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–0.99; P=0.046), left atrial area (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.13; P<0.01), and pulmonary vascular resistance (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.01; P=0.03) were significantly associated with cardiac events. Patients with T1 times below the median (<388.3 ms) were at greater risk of cardiac events than the rest of the group (P<0.01). Extracellular matrix of left ventricular biopsies (n=9), quantified by TissueFAXS technology correlated with T1 time (R=0.98; P<0.01). T1 time also correlated with right ventricular–pulmonary arterial coupling (pulmonary vascular resistance: R=−0.36; P<0.01; right ventricular ejection fraction: R=0.28; P=0.01). Conclusions—In the present preliminary study, cardiac magnetic resonance postcontrast T1 time is associated with prognosis in HFPEF, suggesting postcontrast T1 as possible biomarker for HFPEF.
The effect of diet, intraruminal pH and osmolarity on sodium, chloride and magnesium absorption from the temporarily isolated and washed reticulo-rumen of sheep.

Six mature sheep fitted with rumen fistulae underwent four consecutive feeding periods, of 15 weeks each, i.e. (1) hay only; (2) 36% hay, 64% concentrate; (3) 10% hay, 90% concentrate; and (4) hay only again. The net absorption of sodium, chloride and magnesium from the washed rumen filled with artificial rumen fluids was tested during each feeding period. The artificial rumen fluids varied either in osmolarity (315 and 422 mosmol l-1) or in pH (6.78 and 4.79). Further, the surface area of rumen papillae was determined. The feeding of increasing proportions of concentrate resulted in an increase of the surface area of rumen papillae and in an elevated net absorption of sodium, chloride and magnesium. Hypertonicity (422 mosmol l-1) of the artificial rumen fluid caused net influx of water into the rumen but did not influence net absorption of the electrolytes irrespective of the feeding regimen. When the pH was lowered this led to a decrease in net absorption of sodium, chloride and magnesium and in transmural potential difference. The extent of the pH-induced decrease in net ion transport and potential difference was less in sheep receiving high-concentrate diets. When only hay was fed after the period of feeding 90% concentrate diets the surface area of the papillae, the absorptive capacity of the rumen epithelium and the resistance against low pH returned to control levels. The findings show a reversible adaptive response of rumen epithelial functions to different diets.
A rapid and sensitive non‐radioactive method applicable for genome‐wide analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes involved in small RNA biology

Conventional isolation and detection methods for small RNAs from yeast cells have been designed for a limited number of samples. In order to be able to conduct a genome‐wide assessment of how each gene product impacts upon small RNAs, we developed a rapid method for analysing small RNAs from Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild‐type (wt) and mutants cells in the deletion and temperature‐sensitive (ts) collections. Our method implements three optimized techniques: a procedure for growing small yeast cultures in 96‐deepwell plates, a fast procedure for small RNA isolation from the plates, and a sensitive non‐radioactive northern method for RNA detection. The RNA isolation procedure requires only 4 h for processing 96 samples, is highly reproducible and yields RNA of good quality and quantity. The non‐radioactive northern method employs digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled DNA probes and chemiluminescence. It detects femtomole levels of small RNAs within 1 min exposure time. We minimized the processing time for large‐scale analysis and optimized the stripping and reprobing procedures for analyses of multiple RNAs from a single membrane. The method described is rapid, sensitive, safe and cost‐effective for genome‐wide screens of novel genes involved in the biogenesis, subcellular trafficking and stability of small RNAs. Moreover, it will be useful to educational laboratory class venues and to research institutions with limited access to radioisotopes or robots. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity of near‐infrared interactance (FUTREX 6100/XL) for estimating body fat percentage in elite rowers

This investigation aimed to compare hydrostatic weighing (HW) with near‐infrared interactance (NIR) and skinfold measurements (SKF) in estimating body fat percentage (FAT%) in rowing athletes. FAT% was estimated in 20 elite male rowers (mean ± SD: age = 24·8 ± 2·2 years, height = 191·0 ± 6·8 cm, weight = 86·8 ± 11·3 kg, HW FAT% = 11·50 ± 3·16%) using HW with residual volume, 3‐site SKF and NIR on the biceps brachii. Predicted FAT% values for NIR and SKF were validated against the criterion method of HW. Constant error was not significant for NIR (−0·06, P = 0·955) or SKF (−0·20, P = 0·813). Neither NIR (r = 0·045) nor SKF (r = 0·229) demonstrated significant validity coefficients when compared to HW. The standard error of the estimate values for NIR and SKF were both less than 3·5%, while total error was 4·34% and 3·60%, respectively. When compared to HW, SKF and NIR provide similar mean values when compared to HW, but the lack of apparent relationships between individual values and borderline unacceptable total error may limit their application in this population.
Optimization of Timing Jitter Reduction by Optical Feedback for a Passively Mode-Locked Laser

We investigate the effect of optical self-feedback on the timing jitter of a passively mode-locked (ML) laser and compare the von Linde method with two pure time domain methods for calculating the timing jitter of such a system. We find that all three methods yield the same dependence of the timing jitter on the external cavity roundtrip time (delay time). Of these methods, the so-called long term jitter method is significantly less computationally expensive. We therefore use this method to investigate the influence of the delay time, feedback strength, and amplitude-phase coupling on the timing jitter. Our results show that, with vanishing amplitude-phase coupling, greater timing jitter reduction can be achieved with long delay times and larger feedback strengths, when feedback is near resonance. Off resonance, the timing jitter is increased. Non-vanishing amplitude-phase coupling can lead to destabilized pulse stream, even at the feedback main resonances.