Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linkage Learning via Probabilistic Modeling in the ECGA

The goal of linkage learning, or building block identification, is the creation of a more effective genetic algorithm (GA). This paper explores the relationship between the linkage-learning problem and that of learning probabili ty distributions over multi-variate spaces. Herein, it is argued that these problems are equivalent. Using a simple but effective approach to learning distributions, and by implication linkage, this paper reveals the existence of GA-like algorithms that are potentially orders of magnitude faster and more accurate than the simple GA.
A pharmacogenomic study on the polymorphic gene response to risperidone in schizophrenia patients

Risperidone is a widely used atypical antipsychotic medication, which has currently raised considerable interest in individual differences in patient response to it. Although risperidone is one of the major atypical anti-psychotics, there is a lack of pharmacogenetic studies on it, especially in Asian populations. This paper investigates the relationship between the -1438 A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A and response to risperidone treatment. In this study, 130 schizophrenia patients were recruited, who were treated with risperidone monotherapy for eight weeks. Clinical response was assessed on the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) on the day of admission and was subsequently assessed after eight weeks following the treatment. The -1438 A/G polymorphism was identified by direct sequencing. The confounding effects of nongenetic factors were estimated and the baseline symptom score was included as a covariate for adjustment. Association tests between genotype and percentage improvement in total PANSS scores, as well as positive symptom scores and negative symptom scores, were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). We find no significant differences in response to the treatment in terms of PANSS or subscore improvements among the subgroups according to different genotypes. Further studies on larger groups are planned to confirm the result.
Factor analysis of graceful bow based on skeleton model

This paper considers how the impression of gracefulness one feels from a bow is related to variations in the angles of the human body parts. From the fact that a bow movement is composed of multiple joints and tilting of various body parts, we developed a bow model using a skeleton model and uses it to extract the configuration factor of gracefulness in a bow in order to contribute to its objective evaluation and effective instruction. Using the model, multiple patterns of variations of the angle of the various model parts are examined and the psychological evaluation experiment is conducted on test to investigate the gracefulness.
Income tax incentives for renewable energy research and development and implementation : a comparison between South Africa and China

INCOME TAX INCENTIVES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH AFRICA AND CHINA by Keshia Natalia de Gouveia STUDY LEADER: MRS W. JANSE VAN RENSBURG DEPARTMENT: TAXATION DEGREE: MAGISTER COMMERCII Like many fossil fuel dependant countries, South Africa faces the dual problem of responding to an increasing demand for coal production to satisfy rising energy requirements, while at the same time responding to the call to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The exploration of renewable energy sources as an alternative to fossil fuels has therefore become an increasingly pressing concern in South Africa. South Africa has significant renewable energy potential which can simultaneously address both energy needs and the environmental concerns arising from greenhouse gas emissions. A tax incentive regime is a popular governmental policy instrument that has the potential to advance technologies and stimulate markets by encouraging research and development as well as the implementation of renewable energy technologies. It is therefore important to determine how the tax incentives currently available in South Africa for research and development and the implementation of renewable energy technologies, compare with those adopted internationally. China was identified as a country that offers generous fiscal incentives to encourage research and development and the implementation of technology such as renewable energy technologies. The objective of this study was to determine how the income tax incentives for research and development and the implementation of renewable energy technologies currently available in South Africa compare with the income tax incentives available in China for the same purpose. This was achieved by means of © University of Pretoria a head-to-head comparison of the impact that the two tax regimes would have in a hypothetical case study
CoBib : Collaborative indexing and annotation of bibliographic citations

CoBib facilitates the process of surveying literature by using a community’s actions, annotations, and referrals. The database architecture for CoBib provides users within research communities the means to collaboratively index and annotate citations by supporting both searching and browsing behavior. The system enables users to learn about research through explicit and implicit recommendations. This poster describes the principles and architecture of CoBib and our work towards effectively sharing references among research communities.
Face recognition based on LBP and CS-LBP technique under different emotions

Recognition of a face under different emotions is a challenging subject. Human expression frequently changes with mood. during recognition of face, human may have any expression (neutral, happy, sad, angry, disgust or surprise) and thus, in case, where only neutral face expression has been stored in database, it become difficult to recognize the face of person which is under emotions other than neutral expression. The work done in this paper is twofold. First, local binary pattern (LBP) and center-symmetric local binary pattern (CS-LBP) has been applied to extract the local binary features of the image. Second, Euclidean distance, histogram intersection and chi-square distance is used for recognition of face. The performance is evaluated on the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database and results are compared in terms of recognition rate and time taken for processing. It has been observed that CS-LBP provides better recognition rate rather than LBP in case of different expressions of face.
A submatrix-based P300 brain-computer interface stimulus presentation paradigm

The P300 event-related potential (ERP), with advantages of high stability and no need for initial training, is one of the most commonly used responses in brain-computer interface (BCI) applications. The row/column paradigm (RCP) that flashes an entire column or row of a visual matrix has been used successfully to help patients to spell words. However, RCP remains subject to errors that slow down communication, such as adjacency-distraction and double-flash errors. In this paper, a new visual stimulus presentation paradigm called the submatrix-based paradigm (SBP) is proposed. SBP divides a 6×6 matrix into several submatrices. Each submatrix flashes in single cell paradigm (SCP) mode and separately performs an ensemble averaging method according to the sequences. The parameter of sequence number is used to improve further the accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR). SBP has advantages of flexibility in division of the matrix and better expansion capability, which were confirmed with different divisions of the 6×6 matrix and expansion to a 6×9 matrix. Stimulation results show that SBP is superior to RCP in performance and user acceptability.
A paper-digital interface for information capture and display in time-critical medical work

We conducted a study in a pediatric trauma center to elicit design requirements for the TraumaPen system-a mixed paper-digital interface using a digital pen and a wall display-to support situation awareness during trauma resuscitation. In this paper, we describe the field research that informed the initial system prototype and then present findings from two studies in which the prototype was used to further explore the application area. Our results showed the potential for digital pen technology in supporting teamwork in the dynamic and safety-critical setting of the trauma bay, but also revealed several limitations of this technology. We conclude by discussing challenges and requirements for the use of paper-digital interfaces in assisting fast-paced, collaborative work processes.
Stochastic simulation of chemical reactions with spatial resolution and single molecule detail

Methods are presented for simulating chemical reaction networks with a spatial resolution that is accurate to nearly the size scale of individual molecules. Using an intuitive picture of chemical reaction systems, each molecule is treated as a point-like particle that diffuses freely in three-dimensional space. When a pair of reactive molecules collide, such as an enzyme and its substrate, a reaction occurs and the simulated reactants are replaced by products. Achieving accurate bimolecular reaction kinetics is surprisingly difficult, requiring a careful consideration of reaction processes that are often overlooked. This includes whether the rate of a reaction is at steady-state and the probability that multiple reaction products collide with each other to yield a back reaction. Inputs to the simulation are experimental reaction rates, diffusion coefficients and the simulation time step. From these are calculated the simulation parameters, including the ‘binding radius’ and the ‘unbinding radius’, where the former defines the separation for a molecular collision and the latter is the initial separation between a pair of reaction products. Analytic solutions are presented for some simulation parameters while others are calculated using look-up tables. Capabilities of these methods are demonstrated with simulations of a simple bimolecular reaction and the Lotka–Volterra system.
Proton Decay, Fermion Masses and Texture from Extra Dimensions in SUSY GUTs

In supersymmetry, there are gauge invariant dimension 5 proton decay operators which must be suppressed by a mass scale much larger than the Planck mass. It is natural to expect that this suppression should be explained by a mechanism that explains the hierarchical structure of the fermion mass matrices. We apply this argument to the case where wave functions of chiral multiplets are localized under a kink background along an extra spatial dimension and the Yukawa couplings as well as the coefficients of the proton decay operators are determined by the overlap of the relevant wave functions. A configuration is found in the context of SU(5) supersymmetric grand unified theory that yields realistic values of quark masses, mixing angles, CP phase and charged lepton masses and sufficiently small genuine dimension 5 proton decay operators. Inclusion of SU(5) breaking effects is essential in order to obtain non-vanishing CP phase as well as correct lepton masses. The resulting mass matrix has a texture structure in which texture zeros are a consequence of extremely small overlap of the wave functions. Our approach requires explicit breaking of supersymmetry in the extra dimension, which can be realized in (de)constructing extra dimension.
A Morphological Tagger for Standard Albanian

An electrically erasable programmable read-only-memory (EEPROM) programmer uses an alphanumeric visual display system having a multi-character station visual display device for displaying message units made up of a number of characters and the characters are stored as bytes of data in memory cells of an EEPROM forming a part of the display system. Individual characters within a message unit are selected by selectively generating a character address corresponding to a character display station position in a message unit and the selected character is identified by a cursor appearing in the associated character display station. A keyboard is provided for entering data representative of a character to be written into memory. The involved EEPROM cells are then conditioned by related means to receive and retain the entered data. The data so written into the EEPROM is displayed on the visual display device in alphanumeric form for immediate and accurate verification.
Dimensions of Best Execution for Market Orders : Assessing Differences between the NYSE and the Nasdaq Third Market

To date, the debate regarding which trading venue offers retail equity traders best execution focuses on comparing trade prices to contemporaneous quoted prices. In practice, market-order traders also value execution speed and the ability to trade more than the quoted number of shares at the quoted price (liquidity enhancement). We document these facets of execution quality for trades in NYSE-listed stocks on the Exchange and through a third-market dealer aggressively paying for order flow. Consistently with extant studies, the NYSE generally provides better trade prices than the dealer. The dealer offers faster executions and more liquidity enhancement than the NYSE. We use the realized liquidity premium, with its lagged quote benchmark, to measure overall execution quality and find no significant difference between the NYSE and the dealer. Considering order-flow payments as an alternative to better prices provides the dealer with an edge over the NYSE. 1.0 Introduction The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) emphasizes that a broker-dealer has a fiduciary responsibility to obtain the most favorable terms available under the circumstances for a customer s order (see SEC Release No. 34-37619, SEC [1994], and Macey and O Hara [1997]). Furthermore, the SEC indicates that this best-execution obligation requires a brokerdealers to regularly and rigorously assess the execution quality of alternative trading venues (see SEC [1997]). Despite this requirement s importance, the SEC offers no specific definition of best execution (see Investment Dealers Digest [1998]). Instead, it notes that best execution has several elements. According to the SEC, these elements include trade price, liquidity, the likelihood of filling an order, the speed with which an order executes, the order s display in the national market system, the technology available with which to access the market center, transaction costs, and the confidentiality of trading. By defining execution quality broadly, the SEC allows a broker-dealer the flexibility to emphasize features it believes customers value. For some
Fuzzy Mode Control for

hile f u z z y c o n t r o l h a s emerged as an altemative to s o m e conventional control schemes since it has shown success in some application areas (e.g., in train control and camera auto-fo-cusing), there are several drawbacks to this approach: a) the design of fuzzy controllers is usually performed in an ad hoc manner where it is hard to justify the choice of some controller parameters (e.g., the membership functions), and b) the fuzzy controller constructed for the nominal plant may later perform inadequately if significant and unpredictable plant parameter variations occur. While the " fuzzy model reference learning controller " (FMRLC) introduced in [ 11, [2] and other adaptive fuzzy control approaches seek to address these issues, they primarily focus on improving existing learning control approaches or introducing new ones. In this article we provide a c o m p a r a t i v e analysis of the FMRLC and conventional " model ref e r e nc e a d a p t i v e c o n t r o 1 " (MRAC) for a cargo ship steering application. Our main objective is to make an initial assessment of what advantages (if any) a fuzzy learning control approach has over conventional adaptive control approaches. For the cargo ship steering application, our simulation results show that the FMRLC has several potential advantages over MRAC including a) improved convergence rates, b) use of less control energy, c) e n h a n c e d disturbance rejection properties, and d) lack of dependence on a mathematical model. Using our comparative analysis we discuss how the well developed concepts in conventional adaptive control can be used to evaluate fuzzy learning control techniques. In recent years, to improve fuel efficiency and reduce wear on ship components, autopilot systems have been developed and implemented for controlling the directional heading of ships. Generally, the autopilots utilize simple control schemes such as PID control. Often, however, the capability for manual adjustments of the parameters of the controller is added to compensate for disturbances acting upon the ship such as wind and currents. Once suitable controller parameters are found manually, the controller will generally work well for small variations in the operating conditions; for large variations the parameters of the autopilot must be continually modified. Such continual adjustments are necessary because …
Modularity of Protein Folds as a Tool for Template-Free Modeling of Structures

Predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins from their amino acid sequences remains a challenging problem in molecular biology. While the current structural coverage of proteins is almost exclusively provided by template-based techniques, the modeling of the rest of the protein sequences increasingly require template-free methods. However, template-free modeling methods are much less reliable and are usually applicable for smaller proteins, leaving much space for improvement. We present here a novel computational method that uses a library of supersecondary structure fragments, known as Smotifs, to model protein structures. The library of Smotifs has saturated over time, providing a theoretical foundation for efficient modeling. The method relies on weak sequence signals from remotely related protein structures to create a library of Smotif fragments specific to the target protein sequence. This Smotif library is exploited in a fragment assembly protocol to sample decoys, which are assessed by a composite scoring function. Since the Smotif fragments are larger in size compared to the ones used in other fragment-based methods, the proposed modeling algorithm, SmotifTF, can employ an exhaustive sampling during decoy assembly. SmotifTF successfully predicts the overall fold of the target proteins in about 50% of the test cases and performs competitively when compared to other state of the art prediction methods, especially when sequence signal to remote homologs is diminishing. Smotif-based modeling is complementary to current prediction methods and provides a promising direction in addressing the structure prediction problem, especially when targeting larger proteins for modeling.
Discover Knowledge From Distribution Maps Using Bayesian Networks

This paper applies a Bayesian network to model multi criteria distribution maps and to discover knowledge contained in spatial data. The procedure consists of three steps: pre processing map data, training the Bayesian Network model using distribution maps of Australia and testing the generalization and diagnosis of the model using individual states' maps. The Bayesian network that we used in this study is known as naive Bayesian network. Results show that this environmental Bayesian network model can generalize the classification rules from training data for good prediction and diagnosis of a distribution map.
Remote Environment Property Estimation During Teleoperation

— During teleoperation, a human operator often receives only 2-D visual feedback from the remote environment. While a variety of kinematic sensors exist on the remote ma-nipulator for control purposes, the information inherent in these signals is rarely extracted and presented to the operator in a useful form. This paper investigates the extraction of such information through the development of an algorithm that estimates the geometric properties of a manipulated object and its environment using the remote robot's sensors and knowledge of the task being performed. The focus of the paper is the development of contact constraint equations parameterized by the desired geometric properties and the automatic segmenta-tion of the data stream according to the set of active contacts. The approach is validated for three dimensional peg-in-hole insertion using a desktop teleoperator system.
~I. EFFECTS OF ALLOGENEIC CELL INTERACTIONS AND ENZYMATIC DIGESTION WITH TRYPSIN ON INACTIVATED HAPTEN-SPECIFIC PRECURSORS OF ANTIBODY-FORMING CELLS* BY TOSHIYUKI HAMAOKA AND DAVID H. KATZ

The administration of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) conjugate of the "nonimmunogenic" copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) 1 induces a state of profound DNP-specific immunological tolerance (1-6). In our original description of the model several years ago (1), normal or DNP-immune inbred guinea pigs treated with DNP-D-GL were found to be incapable of developing anti-DNP antibody responses following immunization with an immunogenic DNP-protein conjugate. The tolerant state was shown to be expressed exclusively in the population of DNPspecific antibody-forming cell precursors as evidenced by a significant diminution in the frequency of both DNP-specific antigen-binding bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes and anti-DNP antibody-forming cells in guinea pigs tolerized with DNPD-GL as compared to normal or immune animals (1, 2). Moreover, tolerant animals displayed a very marked depression both in plaque-forming cells secreting high affinity anti-DNP antibody and in high affinity serum anti-DNP antibody, indicating a preferential tolerization of precursor B cells bearing high affinity receptors (2). Subsequent studies in inbred mice demonstrated that administration of DNP-B-GL induced a state of DNP-specific tolerance in such animals irrespective of their immune status at the time of treatment (3). Taking advantage of the relative ease with which DNP-D-GL can induce tolerance in an animal previously primed with an immunogenic DNP-carrier conjugate, we established conditions for tolerance induction in an adoptive cell transfer system. Thus, the adoptive secondary anti-DNP antibody response of DNP-primed spleen cells was abolished by exposure of such cells to DNP-D-GL either in vivo or in vitro (3). Utilizing the adoptive transfer tolerance system, evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that the tolerant state induced by DNP-D-GL represents an irreversible inactivation of specific B lymphocytes. This conclusion was based on the following experimental observations (3): (a) The tolerant state was maintained through as many as two serial adoptive transfers performed over a period