Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of the efficacy of a triclosan/copolymer/sodium fluoride dentifrice, a stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice, and a sodium fluoride dentifrice for the control of established supragingival plaque and gingivitis: a six-week clinical study.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy ofa dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride in controlling established gingivitis and supragingival plaque to that of a commercially available dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and zinc lactate, and a commercially available dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride. METHODS Following a baseline examination for gingivitis and supragingival plaque, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the Mississauga, Ontario, Canada area were randomized into three dentifrice groups. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily (morning and evening) for one minute with their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled toothbrush. Examinations for gingivitis and supragingival plaque were repeated after six weeks of product use. RESULTS One-hundred eighty-two (182) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the study. Relative to the 0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice group, the 0.3% triclosan/2.0% PVM/MA copolymer/0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice group exhibited statistically significant reductions in gingival index and supragingival plaque index scores of 26.5% and 29.4%, respectively, after six weeks of product use. Similarly, relative to the 0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice group, the 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice group exhibited statistically significant reductions in gingival index and plaque index scores of 12.7% and 12.6%, respectively, after six weeks of product use. Further, relative to the 0.454% stannous fluoride/sodium hexametaphosphate/zinc lactate dentifrice group, the 0.3% triclosan/2.0% PVM/MA copolymer/0.243% sodium fluoride dentifrice group exhibited statistically significant reductions in gingival index and plaque index scores of 15.8% and 19.2%, respectively. CONCLUSION The overall results of this double-blind clinical study support the conclusion that a dentifrice containing 0.3% triclosan, 2.0% PVM/MA copolymer, and 0.243% sodium fluoride is efficacious for the control of established gingivitis and supragingival plaque, and that it provides a greater level of efficacy for the control of gingivitis and supragingival plaque than does a dentifrice containing 0.454% stannous fluoride, sodium hexametaphosphate, and zinc lactate.
Peripheral Neurostimulation and Specific Motor Training of Deep Abdominal Muscles Improve Posturomotor Control in Chronic Low Back Pain

Objectives:Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is associated with an impaired control of transversus abdominis/internal oblique muscle (TrA/IO), volitionally and during anticipatory postural adjustment (delay) along with maladaptive reorganization of primary motor cortex (M1). Specific training of deep trunk muscles and repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation (RPMS) improve motor control. We thus tested whether RPMS over TrA/IO combined with training could promote TrA/IO motor control and decrease pain beyond the gains already reached in CLBP. Methods:Thirteen CLBP patients, randomly allocated to RPMS and sham groups and compared with 9 pain-free controls, were tested in 1 session before/after (stimulation alone) and after (stimulation+TrA/IO training) combination. TrA/IO motor patterns were recorded during ballistic shoulder flexion using surface electromyography. Transcranial magnetic stimulation tested M1 excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition. A blinded physical therapist assessed pain, disability, and kinesiophobia. Results:The missing short-interval intracortical inhibition in CLBP was restored by RPMS alone then reduced after combination of RPMS with training. This combination also normalized the (at-first delayed) anticipatory activation of iTrA/IO (ipsilateral to arm raised) and the (at-first shortened) TrA/IO coactivation duration. Sham did not influence. Pain was reduced in both groups but kinesiophobia was decreased only in RPMS 2 weeks later. Conclusions:This study supports that peripheral neurostimulation (adjuvant to training) could improve TrA/IO motor learning and pain in CLBP associated with motor impairment. Testing of enlarged samples over several sessions should question the long-term influence of this new approach in CLBP.
Reducing Mixed Noise from Hyperspectral Images

This letter introduces a hyperspectral denoising algorithm based on spatio-spectral total variation. The denoising problem has been formulated as a mixed noise reduction problem. A general noise model has been considered which accounts for not only Gaussian noise but also sparse noise. Inherent structure of hyperspectral images has been exploited by utilizing 2D-total variation along spatial dimension and 1D-total variation along spectral dimension. The denoising problem has been formulated as an optimization problem whose solution has been derived using the split-Bregman approach. Experimental results demonstrates that proposed algorithm is able to reduce significant amount of noise from real noisy hyperspectral images. The proposed algorithm has been compared with existing state-of-the-art approaches. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate the superiority of proposed algorithm in terms of peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity and the visual quality.
XMl Compression for Web Services on Resource-Constrained Devices

Compared to other middleware approaches like CORBA or Java RMI the protocol overhead of SOAP is very high. This fact is not only disadvantageous for several performance-critical applications, but especially in environments with limited network bandwidth or resource-constrained computing devices. Although recent research work concentrated on more compact, binary representations of XML data only very few approaches account for the special characteristics of SOAP communication. In this article we will discuss the most relevant state-of-the-art technologies for compressing XML data. Furthermore, we will present a novel solution for compacting SOAP messages. In order to achieve significantly better compression rates than current approaches, our compressor utilizes structure information from an XML Schema or WSDL document. With this additional knowledge on the â€œgrammarâ€ of the exchanged messages, our compressor generates a single custom pushdown automaton, which can be used as a highly efficient validating parser as well as a highly efficient compressor. The main idea is to tag the transitions of the automaton with short binary identifiers that are then used to encode the path trough the automaton during parsing. Our approach leads to extremely compact data representations and is also usable in environments with very limited CPU and memory resources.
Life after ERP implementation: Long-term development of user perceptions of system success in an after-sales environment

Purpose – Case studies examining long‐term ERP system success/failure are scarce. However, there is a clear need for critical knowledge in this field. This paper aims to address this issue through providing evidence from a case study completed in an after‐sales division of a multinational corporation.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from ERP users in two phases: during the so‐called shakedown phase and two years after system implementation. Data gathering was done by means of a questionnaire based on the DeLone and McLean model.Findings – Overall, user evaluations were more negative in the shakedown phase. However, problems were still identified two years after system implementation. For example, the quality of user support was considered to have worsened during this time. Evaluations also differed depending on the user's respective business process and user type. For instance, data integration was generally identified as a positive issue, but at the same time others considered it a downs.
Aptamers That Preferentially Bind Type IVB Pili and Inhibit Human Monocytic-Cell Invasion by Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is an important pathogen exclusively for humans and causes typhoid or enteric fever. It has been shown that type IVB pili, encoded by the S. enterica serovar Typhi pil operon located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 7, are important in the pathogenic process. In this study, by using both an adhesion-invasion assay and fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis, we demonstrated that the entry of type IVB piliated S. enterica serovar Typhi A21-6 (pil+ Kmr) into human THP-1 monocytic cells was greater than that of a nonpiliated S. enterica serovar Typhi pilS::Kmr (pil mutant) strain. We have applied a systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment approach to select oligonucleotides (aptamers) as ligands that specifically bind to type IVB pili. Using this approach, we identified a high-affinity single-stranded RNA aptamer (S-PS8.4) as a type IVB pilus-specific ligand and further found that the selected aptamer (S-PS8.4) could significantly inhibit the entry of the piliated strain (but not that of the nonpiliated strain) into human THP-1 cells. The binding affinities between aptamers and pre-PilS (structural protein of type IVB pili) were determined by nitrocellulose filter-binding assays, and the Kd value was determined to be 8.56 nM for the S-PS8.4 aptamer alone. As an example of an aptamer against type IVB pili of S. enterica serovar Typhi, the aptamer S-PS8.4 can serve as a tool for analysis of bacterial type IVB pilus-host cell interactions and may yield information for the development of putative new drugs against S. enterica serovar Typhi bacterial infections, useful both in prevention of infection and in therapeutic treatment.
Transmit diversity based on subcarrier diversity for OFDM broadcasting systems

This paper investigates the utilization of subcarrier diversity (SD) in modern broadcasting systems to achieve transmit diversity. SD takes advantage of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and robust forward error correction (FEC) to exploit the space diversity of multiple transmit antennas. In particular, we focus on a variant of SD that we call transmit antenna switching (TxAS) in which each antenna transmits only in one contiguous portion of the spectrum. This way, it is possible to achieve a higher diversity than single transmit antenna configurations with no significant increase in terms of complexity or pilot density. As a result, the utilization of TxAS can outperform more complex space-frequency block codes (SFBC) like Alamouti if the transmission of pilots is taken into account. We evaluate the performance of the proposed technique by means of physical layer simulations in the context of DVB-NGH (Digital Video Broadcasting - Next Generation Handheld), the future broadcasting DVB system for the provision of mobile services to handheld devices.
DnaK Promotes the Selective Export of Outer Membrane Protein Precursors in SecA-deficient Escherichia coli*

Consistent with many other results indicating that SecA plays an essential role in the translocation of presecretory proteins across the Escherichia coli inner membrane, we previously found that a ∼95% depletion of SecA completely blocks the export of periplasmic proteins in vivo. Surprisingly, we found that about 25% of the outer membrane protein (OMP) OmpA synthesized after SecA depletion was gradually translocated across the inner membrane. In this study we analyzed the export of several other OMPs after SecA depletion. We found that 25–50% of each OMP as well as an OmpA-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein was exported from SecA-deficient cells. This partial export was completely abolished by the SecA inhibitor sodium azide and therefore still required the participation of SecA. Examination of a variety of OmpA derivatives, however, ruled out the possibility that OMPs are selectively translocated in SecA-deficient cells because SecA binds to their N termini with unusually high affinity. Export after SecA depletion was observed in cells that lack SecB, the primary targeting factor for OMPs, but was abolished by partial inactivation of DnaK. Furthermore, OmpA could be isolated in a stable complex with DnaK. The data strongly suggest that OMPs require only a relatively low level of translocase activity to cross the inner membrane because they can be preserved in a prolonged export-competent state by DnaK.
An Efficient Denoising Procedure for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

An efficient denoising procedure for magnetic resonance imaging is presented. It is well known that the noise in magnetic resonance imaging has a Rician distribution. Unlike additive Gaussian noise, Rician noise is signal dependent, and separating signal from noise is a difficult task. This paper presents an iterative method based on wavelet shrinkage for Rician noise removal. Experiments show that the proposed method better suppresses noise and preserves edges than other magnetic resonance image denoising methods.
Drug interactions in palliative care.

PURPOSE This review of drug interactions in palliative care examines the relevant literature in this area and summarizes the information on interactions of drugs, nutrients, and natural products that are used in the palliative care setting. Particular emphasis is placed on describing the newer information on the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system and the interactions of opioids, antidepressants, and the antitussive, dextromethorphan. METHODS We performed a search of the MEDLINE database of the time period from 1966 until April 1998, using medical subject headings such as the names of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other relevant medications in palliative care. Literature reviewed included both human and animal articles as well as non-English literature. Bibliographies of these articles and the personal libraries of several palliative care specialists were reviewed. Software developed by The Medical Letter-The Drug Interaction Program was also used. RESULTS Drug interactions can be categorized in several ways. Drug-drug interactions are the most well known and can be kinetic, dynamic, or pharmaceutical. Pharmacokinetic interactions can involve CYP 2D6, which acts on drugs such as codeine and is responsible for its conversion to morphine. Poor metabolizers, either genotypic or due to phenocopying, are at risk for undertreatment if not recognized. Pharmacodynamic interactions with dextromethorphan may produce serotonin syndrome. CONCLUSION Drug interactions are important in palliative care as in other aspects of medicine. These interactions are similar to those seen in other areas of medical care but have significant consequences in pain management. Failure to recognize these interactions can lead to either overdosing or undertreatment.
Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici presents high diversity and recombination in the over-summering zone of Gansu, China

Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), a basidiomycota responsible for wheat yellow rust, has a strict clonal behavior and a low genetic diversity in European and Australian populations. On the other hand high diversity has been reported in Chinese populations. Moreover it is thought that in China yellow rust epidemics start recurrently from the western highlands where over-summering occurs. To compare PST genetic diversity in this area to the one described in France seven AFLP primer combinations were used to analyze a sample of 160 isolates collected in 2001 in five counties of Gansu Province. The AFLP data revealed 40 polymorphic bands, discriminating 139 AFLP genotypes. Linkage disequilibrium and phylogeographic analyses support the hypothesis of a reproductive mode that is not strictly clonal. In this regard Chinese isolates from Gansu strongly contrast with the European studies using the same markers. Genetic diversity of this 1 y sampling in Gansu is found to be seven times higher than the one observed in France over 20 y and exhibits lower linkage disequilibrium. The effective population size of the French sample was estimated to be 1000 times smaller than the Gansu population. These results support the hypothesis of large population size as well as the occurrence of genetic recombination, while the importance of Gansu as a main over-summering area requires assessment through larger scale studies.
Complementary DNA Microarray Analysis in Acute Lung Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Diesel Exhaust Particles

We have recently shown that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) synergistically enhance acute lung injury related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. The present study used cDNA microarray to elucidate the effects of DEP on the global pattern of LPS-related gene expression in the murine lung. The number of genes upregulated >2-fold as compared with their expression levels in the vehicle group was greater in the LPS group than in other groups, but treatment with DEP and LPS dramatically increased the number of the genes upregulated >6-fold. In particular, gene expression of metallothionein-1 and -2, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, lipocalin 2, and small inducible cytokine B family member 10 was higher by >20-fold in the DEP + LPS group than in the vehicle group. These results were concomitant with those obtained by real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis in the overall trend. Our findings suggest that intense, focused expression of genes such as S100 calcium-binding protein A9, lipocalin 2, and small inducible cytokine B family member 10 relates to the synergistic aggravation of acute lung injury by LPS and DEP rather than weak, broad expression of various genes by exposure of LPS alone.
The Complete Genome Sequence of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 Reveals a Mixed Heterotrophic and Carboxydotrophic Metabolism

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Thermococcus, sulfur-reducing hyperthermophilic archaea, are ubiquitously present in various deep-sea hydrothermal vent systems and are considered to play a significant role in the microbial consortia. We present the complete genome sequence and feature analysis of Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent area, which reveal clues to its physiology. Based on results of genomic analysis, T. onnurineus NA1 possesses the metabolic pathways for organotrophic growth on peptides, amino acids, or sugars. More interesting was the discovery that the genome encoded unique proteins that are involved in carboxydotrophy to generate energy by oxidation of CO to CO2, thereby providing a mechanistic basis for growth with CO as a substrate. This lithotrophic feature in combination with carbon fixation via RuBisCO (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) introduces a new strategy with a complementing energy supply for T. onnurineus NA1 potentially allowing it to cope with nutrient stress in the surrounding of hydrothermal vents, providing the first genomic evidence for the carboxydotrophy in Thermococcus.
Motor Proficiency, Strength, Endurance, and Physical Activity Among Middle School Children Who Are Healthy, Overweight, and Obese

Purpose: To compare motor proficiency, strength, endurance, and physical activity among children from minority backgrounds who were healthy weight (HW), overweight (OW), or obese (OB). Methods: Eighty-six children, aged 10 to 15 years, of mostly Hispanic ethnicity, participated. Children were categorized according to body mass index-for-age percentile. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT2) Short Form, Sit-to-Stand (STS), Timed Up and Down Stairs, and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were administered. Physical activity was measured by using activity monitors. Results: Forty-five percent of children were classified as OW/OB. Children who were OB had lower mean BOT2, STS, and 6MWT performance than children of HW. Among children who were OW/OB, daily mean steps were lower and sedentary minutes higher than children of HW. In children who were OW/OB, body mass index was negatively correlated with BOT2, STS, and abdominal curls. Conclusion: Children who are OB demonstrate greater impairments in motor proficiency, strength, and endurance and participate in less physical activity than peers of HW.
Versions A-1 . Version Filter A-2 . Version Selector Compiler GRAPA B . Type Resolver Version Candidates Partial Program AST AST with Type Bindings C . Ambiguity Resolver Context Version AST with Full Bindings

To improve software quality, researchers and practitioners have proposed static analysis tools for various purposes (e.g., detecting bugs, anomalies, and vulnerabilities). Although many such tools are powerful, they typically need complete programs where all the code names (e.g., class names, method names) are resolved. In many scenarios, researchers have to analyze partial programs in bug fixes (the revised source files can be viewed as a partial program), tutorials, and code search results. As a partial program is a subset of a complete program, many code names in partial programs are unknown. As a result, despite their syntactical correctness, existing complete-code tools cannot analyze partial programs, and existing partial-code tools are limited in both their number and analysis capability. Instead of proposing another tool for analyzing partial programs, we propose a general approach, called GRAPA, that boosts existing tools for complete programs to analyze partial programs. Our major insight is that after unknown code names are resolved, tools for complete programs can analyze partial programs with minor modifications. In particular, GRAPA locates Java archive files to resolve unknown code names, and resolves the remaining unknown code names from resolved code names. To illustrate GRAPA, we implement a tool that leverages the state-of-theart tool, WALA, to analyze Java partial programs. We thus implemented the first tool that is able to build system dependency graphs for partial programs, complementing existing tools. We conduct an evaluation on 8,198 partial-code commits from four popular open source projects. Our results show that GRAPA fully resolved unknown code names for 98.5% bug fixes, with an accuracy of 96.1% in total. Furthermore, our results show the significance of GRAPA’s internal techniques, which provides insights on how to integrate with more complete-code tools to analyze partial programs.
Contrasting properties of gold nanoparticles for optical coherence tomography: phantom, in vivo studies and Monte Carlo simulation

The possibility of using silica–gold nanoshells with 150 nm silica core size and 25 nm thick gold shell as contrasting agents for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is analyzed. Experiments on agar biotissue phantoms showed that the penetration of nanoshells into the phantoms increases the intensity of the optical coherence tomography (OCT) signal and the brightness of the corresponding areas of the OCT image. In vivo experiments on rabbit skin demonstrated that the application of nanoshells onto the skin provides significant contrasting of the borders between the areas containing nanoshells and those without. This effect of nanoshells on skin in vivo is manifested by the increase in intensity of the OCT signal in superficial parts of the skin, boundary contrast between superficial and deep dermis and contrast of hair follicles and glands. The presence of nanoshells in the skin was confirmed by electron microscopy. Monte Carlo simulations of OCT images confirmed the possibility of contrasting skin-layer borders and structures by the application of gold nanoshells. The Monte Carlo simulations were performed for two skin models and exhibit effects of nanoparticles similar to those obtained in the experimental part of the study, thus proving that the effects originate exactly from the presence of nanoparticles.