Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rate Dependence and Regulation of Action Potential and Calcium Transient in a Canine Cardiac Ventricular Cell Model

Background—Computational biology is a powerful tool for elucidating arrhythmogenic mechanisms at the cellular level, where complex interactions between ionic processes determine behavior. A novel theoretical model of the canine ventricular epicardial action potential and calcium cycling was developed and used to investigate ionic mechanisms underlying Ca2+ transient (CaT) and action potential duration (APD) rate dependence. Methods and Results—The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) regulatory pathway was integrated into the model, which included a novel Ca2+-release formulation, Ca2+ subspace, dynamic chloride handling, and formulations for major ion currents based on canine ventricular data. Decreasing pacing cycle length from 8000 to 300 ms shortened APD primarily because of ICa(L) reduction, with additional contributions from Ito1, INaK, and late INa. CaT amplitude increased as cycle length decreased from 8000 to 500 ms. This positive rate–dependent property depended on CaMKII activity. Conclusions—CaMKII is an important determinant of the rate dependence of CaT but not of APD, which depends on ion-channel kinetics. The model of CaMKII regulation may serve as a paradigm for modeling effects of other regulatory pathways on cell function.
Randomized controlled trial of meat compared with multimicronutrient-fortified cereal in infants and toddlers with high stunting rates in diverse settings.

BACKGROUND Improved complementary feeding is cited as a critical factor for reducing stunting. Consumption of meats has been advocated, but its efficacy in low-resource settings has not been tested. OBJECTIVE The objective was to test the hypothesis that daily intake of 30 to 45 g meat from 6 to 18 mo of age would result in greater linear growth velocity and improved micronutrient status in comparison with an equicaloric multimicronutrient-fortified cereal. DESIGN This was a cluster randomized efficacy trial conducted in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Guatemala, and Pakistan. Individual daily portions of study foods and education messages to enhance complementary feeding were delivered to participants. Blood tests were obtained at trial completion. RESULTS A total of 532 (86.1%) and 530 (85.8%) participants from the meat and cereal arms, respectively, completed the study. Linear growth velocity did not differ between treatment groups: 1.00 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.02) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.04) cm/mo for the meat and cereal groups, respectively (P = 0.39). From baseline to 18 mo, stunting [length-for-age z score (LAZ) <-2.0] rates increased from ~33% to nearly 50%. Years of maternal education and maternal height were positively associated with linear growth velocity (P = 0.0006 and 0.003, respectively); LAZ at 6 mo was negatively associated (P < 0.0001). Anemia rates did not differ by group; iron deficiency was significantly lower in the cereal group. CONCLUSION The high rate of stunting at baseline and the lack of effect of either the meat or multiple micronutrient-fortified cereal intervention to reverse its progression argue for multifaceted interventions beginning in the pre- and early postnatal periods.
ROLE OF MENTAL IMAGERY IN A PROPERTY VERIFICATION TASK: FMRI EVIDENCE FOR PERCEPTUAL REPRESENTATIONS OF CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE

Is our knowledge about the appearance of objects more closely related to verbal thought or to perception? In a behavioural study using a property verification task, Kosslyn (1976) reported that there are both amodal and perceptual representations of concepts, but that amodal representations may be more easily accessed. However, Solomon (1997) argued that due to the nature of Kosslyn's stimuli, subjects may be able to bypass semantics entirely and perform this task using differences in the strength of association between words in true trials (e.g., cat-whiskers) and those in false trials (e.g., mouse-stinger). Solomon found no evidence for amodal representations when the task materials were altered to include associated false trials (e.g., cat-litter), which require semantic processing, as opposed to associative strategies. In the current study, we used fMRI to examine the response of regions of visual association cortex while subjects performed a property verification task with either associated or unassociated false trials. We found reliable activity across subjects within the left fusiform gyrus when true trials were intermixed with associated false trials but not when true trials were intermixed with unassociated false trials. Our data support the idea that conceptual knowledge is organised visually and that it is grounded in the perceptual system.
The FCVC (flow-controlled virtual channels) proposal for ATM networks: a summary

Link-by-link flow-controlled virtual channels are proposed for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks. The flow control mechanism efficiently uses leftover bandwidth after guaranteed traffic has been served, thus achieving high network utilization. Compatible with existing ATM standards, this proposal is called FCVC, (for flow-controlled virtual channels). Three increasingly memory-efficient credit-based flow control schemes, named N123, N123+ and N23, are described for implementing link-by-link flow control. These credit-based flow control schemes have been used in an experimental 622-Mbps ATM switch currently under development. Simulations based on the switch design have confirmed that the flow control mechanism is indeed able to provide sufficiently rapid feedback to let a network adapt to load changes and maximize its performance. <<ETX>>
Geometrical Dependency of Wiggler Characteristics in the Miniaturized Free Electron Laser Module

The characteristics of the e-beam have been investigated according to the various parameters of the wiggler in a miniaturized free electron laser (FEL) module by using 3-dimensional (3D) simulations. The e-beam emerging from the electron emitter was made parallel by applying a static bias to the middle electrode of the electron lens set. It was found that the width of the wiggler electrodes had great effect on the e-beam trajectory inside the wiggler.
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the course of B-CLL.

PURPOSE The study objective was to investigate the production of NO, cGMP and superoxide anion radical by neutrophils, and to examine alterations in serum or plasma total nitric oxide, MDA and cGMP levels in B-CLL patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS PMNs were isolated from 20 patients with B-CLL. Total nitrite was measured in cell supernatants and serum by Griess method. The generation of superoxide anion radical by cells was estimated using cytochrom-c reduction test. The cGMP level in cell supernatants and plasma was assessed by ELISA kit whereas serum MDA level using a spectrophotometric assay by Guege and Aus. RESULTS The PMNs in B-CLL patients were characterised by impaired NO generation and enhanced cGMP production. Contrary to the control group, no significant effect was found of rhlL-15 and rhIL-18 on the release of these mediators by PMNs. Superoxide anion radical release by PMNs was decrease. Serum MDA and plasma cGMP levels were elevated in B-CLL patients as compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS The reduced production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals by PMNs in B-CLL may impair the cytotoxic effect of neutrophils on leukaemic B cells. Low secretion of nitric oxide by PMNs and high levels of cGMP in PMN supernatants suggest that activation of guanyl cyclase (sGC) in these patients may occur in the presence of agents other than nitric oxide. Moreover, the findings indicate the enhancement of lipid peroxidation with the progression of the neoplastic process in B-CLL patients.
An Optimal Real-Time Scheduling Algorithm for Multiprocessors

We present an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for multiprocessors $one that satisfies all task deadlines, when the total utilization demand does not exceed the utilization capacity of the processors. The algorithm called LLREF, is designed based on a novel abstraction for reasoning about task execution behavior on multiprocessors: the time and local execution time domain plane (or T-L plane). LLREF is based on the fluid scheduling model and the fairness notion, and uses the T-L plane to describe fluid schedules without using time quanta, unlike the optimal Pfair algorithm (which uses time quanta). We show that scheduling for multiprocessors can be viewed as repeatedly occurring T-L planes, and feasibly scheduling on a single T-L plane results in the optimal schedule. We analytically establish the optimality of LLREF. Further, we establish that the algorithm has bounded overhead, and this bound is independent of time quanta (unlike Pfair). Our simulation results validate our analysis on the algorithm overhead
CFILT-CORE: Semantic Textual Similarity using Universal Networking Language

This paper describes the system that was submitted in the *SEM 2013 Semantic Textual Similarity shared task. The task aims to find the similarity score between a pair of sentences. We describe a Universal Networking Language (UNL) based semantic extraction system for measuring the semantic similarity. Our approach combines syntactic and word level similarity measures along with the UNL based semantic similarity measures for finding similarity scores between sentences.
Performance evaluation of Raptor and Random Linear Codes for H.264/AVC video transmission over DVB-H networks

Application Layer Forward Error Correction (AL)-FEC is increasingly being employed in the emerging wireless multimedia applications, where the multimedia data is sent along with repair data that can be used at the receiver to recover any losses. Raptor codes and Random Linear Codes (RLC) have emerged as promising rateless coding solutions. The DVB-H standard has adopted Raptor codes for IP datacasting, whereas for real-time communications, Reed-Solomon (RS) codes are used as link-layer FEC. This study compares the performance of Raptor codes and RLC for sending the H.264/AVC compressed video traffic over the DVB-H network. The simulations are performed using error traces depicting physical-layer Transport Stream (TS) packet losses in DVB-H. The study highlights the possibility of using RLC for the AL-FEC by selectively configuring codes for optimum performance.
Combining Color Quantization with Curvelet Transform for Image Retrieval

Color and shape descriptions of an image are the most widely used visual features in content-based image retrieval systems. Feature vectors for shape and color can be combined to improve the performance of the content-based image retrieval systems. In this paper, a novel image retrieval method integrating HSV color quantization and curve let transform is proposed. By analyzing properties of HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color space, a new dividing method to quantize the HSV color space into 24 non-uniform bins based on HSV soft decision is introduced and used for color histogram generation. Digital curve let transform is employed for extracting shape features in images, as it has been proved that the curve let transform is an almost optimal sparse representation of objects with edges. The generated HSV color histogram and the curve let feature are then combined and weighted for image retrieval, using Manhattan distance metric as the similiarity measure. Experiments on an image database of 565 images show that the combined feature performs well in precision and adaptability.
A Unified Scheme of Some Nonhomogenous Poisson Process Models for Software Reliability Estimation

In this paper, we describe how several existing software reliability growth models based on Nonhomogeneous Poisson processes (NHPPs) can be comprehensively derived by applying the concept of weighted arithmetic, weighted geometric, or weighted harmonic mean. Furthermore, based on these three weighted means, we thus propose a more general NHPP model from the quasi arithmetic viewpoint. In addition to the above three means, we formulate a more general transformation that includes a parametric family of power transformations. Under this general framework, we verify the existing NHPP models and derive several new NHPP models. We show that these approaches cover a number of well-known models under different conditions.
Characterizing Data Complexity for Conjunctive Query Answering in Expressive Description Logics

Description Logics (DLs) are the formal foundations of the standard web ontology languages OWL-DL and OWL-Lite. In the Semantic Web and other domains, ontologies are increasingly seen also as a mechanism to access and query data repositories. This novel context poses an original combination of challenges that has not been addressed before: (i) sufficient expressive power of the DL to capture common data modeling constructs; (ii) well established and flexible query mechanisms such as Conjunctive Queries (CQs); (iii) optimization of inference techniques with respect to data size, which typically dominates the size of ontologies. This calls for investigating data complexity of query answering in expressive DLs. While the complexity of DLs has been studied extensively, data complexity has been characterized only for answering atomic queries, and was still open for answering CQs in expressive DLs. We tackle this issue and prove a tight CONP upper bound for the problem in SHIQ, as long as no transitive roles occur in the query. We thus establish that for a whole range of DLs from AL to SHIQ, answering CQs with no transitive roles has CONP-complete data complexity. We obtain our result by a novel tableaux-based algorithm for checking query entailment, inspired by the one in [19], but which manages the technical challenges of simultaneous inverse roles and number restrictions (which leads to a DL lacking the finite model property).
A novel epoxy/electrospun PLA nanofibre composite material: fabrication and characterisation

Electrospun nanofibres as the potential reinforcement in manufacturing composite materials are recently attractive due to their simple fabrication process via electrospinning to produce continuous fibrous structures. This study concentrates on the development of novel epoxy composites laminated by layers of electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibre mats to evaluate their mechanical and thermal properties by means of flexural testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The moulded composite sheets were prepared at the fibre contents of 3 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt% using a solution casting method. The flexural moduli of composites have been shown to be increased by 50.8% and 24.0% for 5 wt% and 10 wt% fibre contents, respectively, as opposed to that of neat epoxy. This similar trend was also found for corresponding flexural strengths being increased by 31.6% and 4.8%. However, the flexural properties become worse at the fibre content of 3 wt% with decreases of flexural modulus by 36.9% and flexural strength by 22.9%. The examination of fractured surface morphology of composites using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirms a full penetration of cured epoxy matrix into electrospun PLA nanofibres despite some existences of typical fibrous structures/networks detected inside the large void cavities. On the other hand, the glass transition temperatures of composites have increased to 54-60°C due to the addition of electrospun fibres as compared to 50°C for that of epoxy, indicating that those fibrous networks may further restrict the intermolecular mobility of matrix for thermal effects.
Design of novel 5G transport protocol

Development of Next Generation and Future Networks is continuous, ongoing process. These days number of researchers are focused on development of 5G network that will provide improved future communication. Fundamental design, requests and drivers are defined and argued on daily basis expected to be finalized around 2020. In this paper we discuss future 5G network design and present novel transport protocol, designed to assure efficient data usage in future 5G mobile networks. This unique transport protocol is designed to prevent congestion collapses of the backhaul network traffic and to assure ultra-high data rates up to 400Gbps.
Document Classification by Computing an Echo in a Very Simple Neural Network

In this paper we present a new classification system called ECHO. This system is based on a principle of echo and applied to document classification. It computes the score of a document for a class by combining a bottom-up and a top-down propagation of activation in a very simple neural network. This system bridges a gap between Machine Learning methods and Information Retrieval since the bottom-up and the top-down propagations can be seen as the measures of the specificity and exhaustivity which underlie the models of relevance used in Information Retrieval. The system has been tested on the Reuters 21578 collection and in the context of an international challenge on large scale hierarchical text classification with corpus extracted from Dmoz and Wikipedia. Its comparison with other classification systems has shown its efficiency.
Fuzzy Parameters Self-Tuning PID Control of Switched Reluctance Motor Based on Simulink/NCD

In this paper, the quasi-linear model of switched reluctance motor brought forward by Miller is analyzed in detail. On the basis of it, the small-signal dynamic model of switched reluctance motor is built based on Matlab/Simulink environment. PID control is applied commonly in the fields of industrial automation, but its robustness is very weak. In this paper, the parameters of PID controller is optimized firstly by NCD toolbox, on the basis of it, a fuzzy parameters self-tuning PID control method is introduced, it can tune the PID parameters dynamically. The simulation results indicate that this control method not only can improve the dynamic and static performances of the system, but also has better robustness.
Improved maritime target tracker using colour fusion

Searching for humans lost in vast stretches of ocean has always been a difficult task. This paper investigates a machine vision system that addresses this problem by exploiting the useful properties of alternate colour spaces. In particular, the paper investigates the fusion of colour information from the HSV, RGB, YCbCr and YIQ colour spaces within the emission matrix of a Hidden Markov Model tracker to enhance video based maritime target detection. The system has shown promising results. The paper also identifies challenges still needing to be met.
Clinical potential of nintedanib for the second-line treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: current evidence

The therapeutic landscape in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is changing. The description of molecular alterations leading to NSCLC carcinogenesis and progression (so-called oncogenic driver mutations) and the development of targeted agents interfering with the tumor-promoting intracellular signaling pathways have improved the outcome for many patients with advanced/metastatic NSCLC. However, many patients with stage IV NSCLC do not have one of the targetable predictive biomarkers, and are therefore in need of classical chemotherapy. This especially applies to squamous cell cancer. A platinum-based doublet chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with stage IV NSCLC. As second-line therapies, docetaxel, pemetrexed, and the EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitor erlotinib have demonstrated benefit in Phase III randomized trials. Recently, the addition of the angiokinase inhibitor nintedanib to docetaxel has proven efficacious, and is a new treatment option in the second-line setting. Preclinical and clinical data of nintedanib for the treatment of lung cancer patients are reviewed here.
Reasoning about actions: Non-deterministic effects, Constraints, and Qualification

In this paper we propose the language of 'state specifications' to uniformly specify effect of actions, executability condition of actions, and dynamic and static constraints. This language allow? us to be able to express effects of action and constraints with same first order representation but different intuitive behavior to be specified differently. We then discuss how we can use state specifications to extend the action description languages A and Lo.
Using AUC and accuracy in evaluating learning algorithms

The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve, or simply AUC, has been traditionally used in medical diagnosis since the 1970s. It has recently been proposed as an alternative single-number measure for evaluating the predictive ability of learning algorithms. However, no formal arguments were given as to why AUC should be preferred over accuracy. We establish formal criteria for comparing two different measures for learning algorithms and we show theoretically and empirically that AUC is a better measure (defined precisely) than accuracy. We then reevaluate well-established claims in machine learning based on accuracy using AUC and obtain interesting and surprising new results. For example, it has been well-established and accepted that Naive Bayes and decision trees are very similar in predictive accuracy. We show, however, that Naive Bayes is significantly better than decision trees in AUC. The conclusions drawn in this paper may make a significant impact on machine learning and data mining applications.
Determination of the heat transfer coefficient from short‐shots studies and precise simulation of microinjection molding

The filling process of a micro-cavity was analyzed by modeling the compressible filling stage by using pressure-dependent viscosity and adjusted heat transfer coefficients. Experimental filling studies were carried out at the same time on an accurately controlled microinjection molding machine. On the basis of the relationship between the injection pressure and the filling degree, essential factors for the quality of the simulation can be identified. It can be shown that the flow behavior of the melt in a micro-cavity with a high aspect ratio is extremely dependent on the melt compressibility in the injection cylinder. This phenomenon needs to be considered in the simulation to predict an accurate flow rate. The heat transfer coefficient between the melt and the mold wall that was determined by the reverse engineering varies significantly even during the filling stage. With increasing injection speed and increasing cavity thickness, the heat transfer coefficient decreases. It is believed that the level of the cavity pressure is responsible for the resulting heat transfer between the polymer and the mold. A pressure-dependent model for the heat transfer coefficient would be able to significantly improve the quality of the process simulation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Residually finite rationally p groups

In this paper, we develop the theory of residually finite rationally [Formula: see text] (RFR[Formula: see text]) groups, where [Formula: see text] is a prime. We first prove a series of results about the structure of finitely generated RFR[Formula: see text] groups (either for a single prime [Formula: see text], or for infinitely many primes), including torsion-freeness, a Tits alternative, and a restriction on the BNS invariant. Furthermore, we show that many groups which occur naturally in group theory, algebraic geometry, and in 3-manifold topology enjoy this residual property. We then prove a combination theorem for RFR[Formula: see text] groups, which we use to study the boundary manifolds of algebraic curves [Formula: see text] and in [Formula: see text]. We show that boundary manifolds of a large class of curves in [Formula: see text] (which includes all line arrangements) have RFR[Formula: see text] fundamental groups, whereas boundary manifolds of curves in [Formula: see text] may fail to do so.