Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of electrical energy demand by hybridization of Particle Swarm Optimization and Noise filtering

In the past decades, there has been an implicit explosion of absorption in Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. AI supplies robust and flexible means for acquiring solutions to a diversity of problems that often cannot be solved by other, more traditional and orthodox methods. Nowadays, its use is increasing rapidly in many sectors of complicated practical problems. Meanwhile, electrical energy demand prediction is one of the important concerns of energy systems so development of intelligent prediction methods and algorithms for performing accurate predictions is essential. Various techniques have been proposed for electrical energy demand prediction over different time intervals of short term, medium term and long term. This study presents an intelligent hybrid approach based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Noise filtering technique (which is one of Data Mining and Data Analysis concepts) for modeling and predicting long term electrical energy demand with high accuracy. At the first stage the hybrid approach applies noise filtering technique on raw data that consists of influential socio-economic factors affecting electricity demand, and as its consequence the raw data will be cleaned and smoothed. At the next stage it performs feature selection technique to determine the most influential factors and eliminate low impact factors. Subsequently selected filtered factors will be fed into PSO in order to build the prediction model (Filtered-PSO). For the purpose of investigating and validating influence of noise filtering on improvement of PSO, it compares results of the hybrid approach with Simple-PSO model which is built using raw data. It carries out the comparisons by means of paired t-test to check if the improvement is statistically significant or not. Results show that the Filtered-PSO model significantly outperforms Simple-PSO and we may consider noise filtering as an effective concept of data mining to be integrated with intelligent approaches such as PSO in order to improve accuracy of electrical energy demand predictions.
Segmentation method of degree-based transition region extraction for coronary angiograms

Aiming at the complex background of coronary angiograms, weak contrast between the coronary arteries and the background, a new segmentation method based on transition region extraction of degree is proposed. Firstly, the paper analyzes the characteristic of coronary angiograms. Secondly, 6 different Gaussian matched templates are used to enhance the coronary angiograms in order to remove the background. Finally, the coronary arteries are obtained with the method of degree-based transition region extraction. The experiments indicate that the proposed method outperforms the segmentation method based on not only top-hat but also Gaussian filter about the small vessels extraction, connectivity and effectiveness. The method is indeed valuable for diagnosis and the quantitative analysis of coronary arteries.
Analysis of Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Perturbed Demonstrations

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) addresses the problem of recovering the unknown reward function for a given Markov decision problem (MDP) given the corresponding optimal policy or a perturbed version thereof. This paper studies the space of possible solutions to the general IRL problem, when the agent is provided with incomplete/imperfect information regarding the optimal policy for the MDP whose reward must be estimated. We focus on scenarios with finite state-action spaces and discuss the constraints imposed on the set of possible solutions when the agent is provided with (i) perturbed policies; (ii) optimal policies; and (iii) incomplete policies. We discuss previous works on IRL in light of our analysis and show that, with our characterization of the solution space, it is possible to determine non-trivial closed-form solutions for the IRL problem. We also discuss several other interesting aspects of the IRL problem that stem from our analysis.
Quantum control theory and applications: A survey

This study presents a survey on quantum control theory and applications from a control systems perspective. Some of the basic concepts and main developments (including open-loop control and closed-loop control) in quantum control theory are reviewed. In the area of open-loop quantum control, the paper surveys the notion of controllability for quantum systems and presents several control design strategies including optimal control, Lyapunov-based methodologies, variable structure control and quantum incoherent control. In the area of closed-loop quantum control, this study reviews closed-loop learning control and several important issues related to quantum feedback control including quantum filtering, feedback stabilisation, linear-quadratic-Gaussian control and robust quantum control.
Theorizing about the Design of Information Infrastructures: Design Kernel Theories and Principles

In this article we theorize about the design of information infrastructures (II). We define an information infrastructure as a shared, evolving, heterogeneous installed base of IT capabilities based on open and standardized interfaces. Such information infrastructures, when appropriated by a community of users offer a shared resource for delivering and using information services in a (set of) community. Information infrastructures include complex socio-technical ensembles like the Internet or EDI networks. Increased integration of enterprise systems like ERP or CRM systems has produced similar features for intra-organizational systems. Our theorizing addresses the following challenge in designing information infrastructures: how to tackle their inherent complexity, scale and functional uncertainty? These systems are large, complex and heterogeneous. They never die and evolve over long periods of time while they adapt to needs unknown during design time. New infrastructures are designed as extensions to or improvements of existing ones in contrast to green field design. The installed base of the existing infrastructure and its scope and complexity influence how the new infrastructure can be designed. Infrastructure design needs to focus on installed base growth and infrastructure flexibility as to avoid technological traps (lock-ins). These goals are achieved by enacting design principles of immediate usefulness, simplicity, utilization of existing installed base and modularization as shown by our analysis of the design of Internet and the information infrastructure for health care in Norway.
Coping with area price risk in electricity markets: Forecasting Contracts for Difference in the Nordic power market

Contracts for Difference (CfDs) are forwards on the spread between an area price and the system price. Together with the system price forwards, these products are used to hedge the area price risk in the Nordic electricity market. The CfDs are typically available for the next two months, three quarters and three years. This is fine, except that CfDs are not traded at NASDAQ OMX Commodities for every Nord Pool Spot price area. We therefore ask the hypothetical question: What would the CfD market price have been, say in the price area NO2, if it had been traded? We build regression models for each observable price area, and use Bayesian elicitation techniques to obtain prior information on how similar the different price areas are to forecast the price in an area where CfDs are not traded.
Effects of Type I Interferons on Friend Retrovirus Infection

ABSTRACT The type I interferon (IFN) response plays an important role in the control of many viral infections. However, since there is no rodent animal model for human immunodeficiency virus, the antiviral effect of IFN-α and IFN-β in retroviral infections is not well characterized. In the current study we have used the Friend virus (FV) model to determine the activity of type I interferons against a murine retrovirus. After FV infection of mice, IFN-α and IFN-β could be measured between 12 and 48 h in the serum. The important role of type I IFN in the early immune defense against FV became evident when mice deficient in IFN type I receptor (IFNAR−/−) or IFN-β (IFN-β−/−) were infected. The levels of FV infection in plasma and in spleen were higher in both strains of knockout mice than in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. This difference was induced by an antiviral effect of IFN-α and IFN-β and was most likely mediated by antiviral enzymes as well as by an effect of these IFNs on T-cell responses. Interestingly, the lack of IFNAR and IFN-β enhanced viral loads during acute and chronic FV infection. Exogenous IFN-α could be used therapeutically to reduce FV replication during acute but not chronic infection. These findings indicate that type I IFN plays an important role in the immediate antiviral defense against Friend retrovirus infection.
Evaluating the Accuracy of an Unlexicalized Statistical Parser on the PARC DepBank

We evaluate the accuracy of an unlexicalized statistical parser, trained on 4K treebanked sentences from balanced data and tested on the PARC DepBank. We demonstrate that a parser which is competitive in accuracy (without sacrificing processing speed) can be quickly tuned without reliance on large in-domain manually-constructed treebanks. This makes it more practical to use statistical parsers in applications that need access to aspects of predicate-argument structure. The comparison of systems using DepBank is not straightforward, so we extend and validate DepBank and highlight a number of representation and scoring issues for relational evaluation schemes.
Differences in electrosensory anatomy and social behavior in an area of sympatry between two species of mormyrid electric fishes

ABSTRACT Sensory systems play a key role in social behavior by mediating the detection and analysis of communication signals. In mormyrid fishes, electric signals are processed within a dedicated sensory pathway, providing a unique opportunity to relate sensory biology to social behavior. Evolutionary changes within this pathway led to new perceptual abilities that have been linked to increased rates of signal evolution and species diversification in a lineage called ‘clade A’. Previous field observations suggest that clade-A species tend to be solitary and territorial, whereas non-clade-A species tend to be clustered in high densities suggestive of schooling or shoaling. To explore behavioral differences between species in these lineages in greater detail, I studied population densities, social interactions, and electric signaling in two mormyrid species, Gnathonemus victoriae (clade A) and Petrocephalus degeni (non-clade A), from Lwamunda Swamp, Uganda. Petrocephalus degeni was found at higher population densities, but intraspecific diversity in electric signal waveform was greater in G. victoriae. In the laboratory, G. victoriae exhibited strong shelter-seeking behavior and competition for shelter, whereas P. degeni were more likely to abandon shelter in the presence of conspecifics as well as electric mimics of signaling conspecifics. In other words, P. degeni exhibited social affiliation whereas G. victoriae exhibited social competition. Further, P. degeni showed correlated electric signaling behavior whereas G. victoriae showed anti-correlated signaling behavior. These findings extend previous reports of social spacing, territoriality, and habitat preference among mormyrid species, suggesting that evolutionary divergence in electrosensory processing relates to differences in social behavior. Summary: Differences in the sensory system that mediates electric communication correlate with differences in social behavior between two sympatric species of African mormyrid fishes.
Two new species of Tipula (Vestiplex) from Southern China based on morphological and molecular data, with redescription of Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata (Diptera, Tipulidae, Tipulinae)

Abstract Two new species of subgenus Tipula (Vestiplex) Bezzi, 1924, Tipula (Vestiplex) leigongshanensis Men & Young, sp. n. and Tipula (Vestiplex) maoershanensis Men & Young, sp. n. are described and illustrated. Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata Savchenko, 1965 is redescribed and illustrated based on additional morphological characters. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of these three species are provided. Pairwise genetic distances among two new species and related species, Tipula (Vestiplex) bicalcarata, Tipula (Vestiplex) coxitalis Alexander, 1935, and Tipula (Vestiplex) sternotuberculata Alexander, 1935 range from 0.028 to 0.091 using Kimura-2-parameter model. Diagnostic features of the sperm pump for taxonomic use are discussed.
Analysis of Hydrogen Bonds in Crystals

The determination of crystal structures provides important information on the geometry of species constituting crystals and on the symmetry relations between them. Additionally, the analysis of crystal structures is so conclusive that it allows us to understand the nature of various interactions. The hydrogen bond interaction plays a crucial role in crystal engineering and, in general, its important role in numerous chemical, physical and bio-chemical processes was the subject of various studies. That is why numerous important findings on the nature of hydrogen bonds concern crystal structures. This special issue presents studies on hydrogen bonds in crystals, and specific compounds and specific H-bonded patterns existing in crystals are analyzed. However, the characteristics of the H-bond interactions are not only analyzed theoretically; this interaction is compared with other ones that steer the arrangement of molecules in crystals, for example halogen, tetrel or pnicogen bonds. More general findings concerning the influence of the hydrogen bond on the physicochemical properties of matter are also presented.
Differential inclusions on closed sets in Banach spaces with application to sweeping process

This paper deals with the existence of absolutely continuous solutions of a differential inclusion with state constraint in a separable Banach space% $$ x( 0) =x_{0}, \quad x( t) \in C( t) ,\quad \dot{x}( t) \in F( t,x( t) ) $$ where $C\colon [ 0,a] \rightarrow X$ is a multifunction with closed graph $G$ and $F\colon G\rightarrow X$ is a convex compact valued multifunction which is separately measurable in $t\in[ 0,a] $ and separately upper semicontinuous in $x\in X$. Application to a non convex sweeping process is also considered.
Improving FAQfinder's Performance: Setting Parameters by Genetic Programming

As the quantity of information available on the Internet continues to increase, so do the attempts to harness that information. One such attempt is the University of Chicago’s FAQfiuder project; given a natural language English question, the FAQfmder system attempts first to locate the most relevant list of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), and then to find the question on that fist most similar to the one asked by the user. Since FAQs nnmher in the thousands sad each one represents a concentration of information in a specific subject area, the FAQfinder system offers a means of accessing useful infonnetion in a straightforward manner. The FAQfinder system is currently available as an internal Web site to the University of Chicago Computer Science community. At present, there are twenty FAQs avsilable to provide answers to user’s questions. Research proceeds in several dixections: cuzrently, a procedure is being developed to automatically separate questions from answers in FAQ files, the number of FAQs available to the user is being expanded, and FAQfinder’s ability to accurately determine the ~im~ex/ty of two natural-language questions is being improved. My own reseaw~ focuses on this final line of research; in this paper, I desex/be an ongoing effort to use a machine lean~g technique (in this case, John Koza’s Genetic Programming) as a means of ;ny~oving FAQfinder’s question-matcJxing performance.
Terminal proteins of Streptomyces chromosome can target DNA into eukaryotic nuclei

Streptomyces species are highly abundant soil bacteria that possess linear chromosomes (and linear plasmids). The 5' ends of these molecules are covalently bound by terminal proteins (TPs), that are important for integrity and replication of the telomeres. There are at least two types of TPs, both of which contain a DNA-binding domain and a classical eukaryotic nuclear localization signal (NLS). Here we show that the NLS motifs on these TPs are highly efficient in targeting the proteins along with covalently bound plasmid DNA into the nuclei of human cells. The TP-mediated nuclear targeting resembles the inter-kingdom gene transfer mediated by Ti plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, in which a piece of the Ti plasmid DNA is targeted to the plant nuclei by a covalently bound NLS-containing protein. The discovery of the nuclear localization functions of the Streptomyces TPs not only suggests possible inter-kingdom gene exchanges between Streptomyces and eukaryotes in soil but also provides a novel strategy for gene delivery in humans and other eukaryotes.
Genetic algorithm based feature selection approach for effective intrusion detection system

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is the system which identifies malicious activity on the network. As the Internet volume is increasing rapidly, security against the real time attacks and their fast detection issues gain attention of many researchers. Data mining methods can be effectively applied to (IDS) to tackle the problems of dynamic huge network data and to improve IDS performance. We can reduce the time complexity by selecting only useful features to build model for classification. There are many features selection techniques are developed either to select the features or extract features. In this paper, an evolutionary approach for feature selection is proposed which is based on mathematical intersection principle. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used as a search method while selecting features from full NSL KDD data set along with the intersection principle of selecting those only who appears everywhere in the experiment. The results of proposed approach when compared using classifiers, it shows tremendous growth in accuracy of a Naïve Bayes classifier with reduced time and minimum number of features.
Overexpression of a putative Arabidopsis BAHD acyltransferase causes dwarfism that can be rescued by brassinosteroid

Plant growth and development are ensured through networks of complex regulatory schemes. Genetic approaches have been invaluable in dissecting these regulatory pathways. This study reports the isolation of a semi-dominant dwarf mutant designated abnormal shoot1-1 dominant (abs1-1D) through an Arabidopsis T-DNA activation tagging mutant screen. It was shown that the overexpression of a novel BAHD family acyltransferase gene, ABS1/At4g15400, was the cause of the dwarf phenotype in abs1-1D. Overexpression of ABS1 led to many phenotypic features reminiscent of brassinosteroid (BR) deficient or signalling mutants, and it was shown that exogenously applied BR could effectively rescue the dwarf phenotype of abs1-1D. Furthermore, genetic analyses indicated that abs1-1D interacted, in different ways, with the BR-deficient mutant det2-1, the constitutive BR response mutant bes1-D and the photomorphogenic mutant phyB-1. Moreover, ABS1 expression was activated by BR treatment or in a bes1-D mutant background. Genome-wide transcriptome profiling of abs1-1D revealed clear reprogramming of metabolic pathways, and it was demonstrated that BR biosynthesis genes were activated in abs1-1D and that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was repressed in abs1-1D, as well as in det2-1. This work provides new insights into the possible involvement of BAHD acyltransferase in the regulation of plant growth and development, and indicates a possible role of ABS1 in maintaining BR homeostasis.
Chloroplast Ribonucleoproteins Function as a Stabilizing Factor of Ribosome-free mRNAs in the Stroma*

Post-transcriptional RNA processing is an important step in the regulation of chloroplast gene expression, and a number of chloroplast ribonucleoproteins (cpRNPs) are likely to be involved in this process. The major tobacco cpRNPs are composed of five species: cp28, cp29A, cp29B, cp31, and cp33 and these are divided into three groups (I, II, and III). By immunoprecipitation, gel filtration, and Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that these cpRNPs are abundant stromal proteins that exist as complexes with ribosome-free mRNAs. Many ribosome-free psbA mRNAs coprecipitate with cpRNPs, indicating that the majority of stromalpsbA mRNAs are associated with cpRNPs. In addition, anin vitro mRNA degradation assay indicated that exogenous psbA mRNA is more rapidly degraded in cpRNP-depleted extracts than in nondepleted extracts. When the depleted extract was reconstituted with recombinant cpRNPs, the psbAmRNA in the extract was protected from degradation to a similar extent as the psbA mRNA in the nondepleted extract. Moreover, restoration of the stabilizing activity varied following addition of individual group-specific cpRNPs alone or in combination. When the five cpRNPs were supplemented in the depleted extract, full activity was restored. We propose that these cpRNPs act as stabilizing factors for nonribosome-bound mRNAs in the stroma.
Blind localization method for quadrotor-unmanned aerial vehicle (QUAV) utilizing genetic algortihm

There is an increasing research interest in unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) such as quadrotors. These researches applies these quadrotors for much more complicated tasks with most requiring cameras and GPS modules for positioning. This paper presents an alternative way of position localization of a quadrotor without the use of cameras and GPS modules by means of transceivers and Genetic Algorithm (GA). This paper uses the received signals from the transceivers as inputs for the genetic algorithm in order to locate the quadrotor in a xyz axis. Parameters such as location of transceivers, amount of transceivers and population size of the GA are tested in order to determine a successful way of locating the quadrotor. Results show that the different parameters tested were successful and converges to a point usually with a fitness measure greater than 99%. An average fitness measure greater than 99.9900% served as a benchmark for the tests done. The first test achieved this benchmark at about 130 generations and the second test achieved it at 110 generations. The time it took for the program to locate the quadrotor is about 60 milliseconds. Results show that this blind localization technique is successfully locates the quadrotor and may be calibrated to one's own need.
An Expanded Logical Formalism for Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar

Though Pollard and Sag 1994] assumes that an unspeciied variant of the formal logic of Carpenter 1992] will provide a formalism for HPSG, a precise formulation of the envisaged formalism is not immediately obvious, primarily because a principal tenet of Carpenter 1992], that feature structures represent partial information, seems to connict with a principal tenet of Pollard and Sag 1994], that feature structures represent abstract linguistic entities. This has caused many HPSGians to be mistakenly concerned with partial-information speciic notions, such as subsumption, that are appropriate for the Carpenter 1992] logic but inappropriate for the formalism Pollard and Sag 1994] envisages. This paper hopes to allay this concern and the confusion it engenders by substituting King 1989] for Carpenter 1992] as the basis of the envisaged formalism. It demonstrates that the formal logic of King 1989] provides a formalism for HPSG that meets all Pollard and Sag 1994] asks of the envisaged formalism. It further shows that the most credible variant of the Carpenter 1992] logic consistent with the aims of Pollard and Sag 1994] is not only incompatible with the tenet that feature structures represent partial information, but also an instance of the King 1989] logic.