Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barriers to Migration in a System of Cities

This paper creates a model of city creation and growth to analyze how different barriers to migration affect the resulting system of cities. How many and which set of cities are created is shown to differ based on the barriers to migration that exist in the system of cities. In this model individuals create and move across cities maximizing their utility. Barriers to migration affect the fundamental wedge that is created when uncoordinated individuals disregard the impact of their migration decision on people in the city they choose to live in. When barriers to migration are high or do not exist the population distribution and the number and set of cities created is suboptimal. However, when barriers to migration are capitalized as fees charged to migrants the population is efficiently distributed across the optimal number and set of cities. The mobility of individuals in a country affects whether urban population is concentrated in a few cities or dispersed among many cities. The distribution of population fundamentally affects the economic growth in a country. Hence, creating the efficient level of mobility within a country is crucial for economic growth especially if in the next 40 years urban population increases by 2.8 billion, or 80 percent, as the United Nations projects. This paper considers the efficient level of mobility within a system of cities and contrasts the resulting distribution of population with systems of cities with different levels of mobility. This paper considers the distribution of population across cities (the intensive margin) as well as the number and set of heterogeneous cities a system of cities creates (the extensive margin). Barriers to migration limit the ability of individuals to move across cities. The barriers may be moving costs, information, or explicit policies such as zoning laws. These barriers may be beneficial in limiting the over-population of cities which occurs when individuals do not internalize the externalities they cause on current residents. In contrast, these barriers may be costly if they allow clubs to monopolize the heterogeneous amenities cities offer. This paper characterizes the barriers to migration a benevolent social planner sets to efficiently distribute population within a
Auto-Extraction of Modelica Code from Finite Element Analysis or Measurement Data

This paper presents a new approach to extract Modelica codes from finite element analysis or measurement data automatically. The finite element model or the real system on the test bench is adaptively sampled while applying the Gaussian process with a few number of model calculations or measurement points. Based on these support points, a meta- or surrogate model of the system is built. Thus, Modelica codes can be generated automatically. These algorithms are implemented in the multidisciplinary design software OptiY ® . Its application is demonstrated on the example of an electromagnetic actuator.
Student Teacher Ecological Self in the Context of Education for Sustainable Development: A Longitudinal Case Study

In the context of teacher education (TE) for sustainable development (SD), questions related to a teacher’s values, worldview and identity present a particular interest and are of critical importance. In the present article, student–teachers’ understanding of Teacher self and nature is focused on through discussions of personal and professional settings. The perceived curriculum, that is, reflection on a formal curriculum of a particular TE programme, is discussed to investigate how existing TE curriculum supports the development of the ecological, holistic self of a future teacher. The longitudinal study of 9 student teachers attempts to illuminate the process of the development of their ecological self during the first 4 years of studies in a particular initial TE programme. Although literature stresses the need to begin TE with investigating teacher identity, the results show that according to student teachers’ opinions, the particular TE curriculum does not address the notion of teacher identity in a focused manner, and more prominently, it does not address teacher identity development in the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD).
Staub microembolization in sheep . Leukocytes are required for increased lung microvascular permeability after

microembolization in sheep. Leukocytes are required for increased lung microvascular permeability after Print ISSN: 0009-7330. Online ISSN: 1524-4571 Copyright © 1981 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation Research doi: 10.1161/01.RES.48.3. 344 1981;48:344-351 Circ Res. http://circres.ahajournals. org/content/48/3/344 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the
Áðïäïôéêïß Áëãüñéèìïé Õäáôïóþìáíóçò Åéêüíùí Ìå ×ñþóç Éäéïôþôùí Ìåôáèýóåùí Ecient Algorithms for Image Watermarking Using Permutation Properties

Angelos Fylakis Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Greece June 2013 E cient Algorithms for Image Watermarking Using Permutation Properties Thesis Supervisor: Stavros D. Nikolopoulos This Master thesis proposes e cient codec algorithms based on graph properties for watermarking images that are intended for uploading on the web under intellectual property protection. Before the description of the watermarking algorithms the thesis includes after an introduction that mentions brie y the theory behind intellectual property, the theory and the de nitions about watermarking in general and digital image watermarking. There is also a part dedicated to the classi cation of the image watermarking techniques. Speci cally image watermarking techniques fall in two main categories. Those that embed information in the spatial domain of the images and those that embed information in the frequency domain of the images and of course there are also their subcategories as well which will be further analyzed. As for the described techniques there will be two approaches, one for each category. Then there is a reference on previous work on digital image watermarking algorithms for each category. This part includes from each one of the previously described categories some of the most important algorithms that have been implemented over the time as well as some information about each implementation. Now, headed to this thesis's scope direction, rst there is our main idea which is going to be thoroughly described. This idea presents a way in which an integer number w that is in a numerical form, is being transformed into a self-inverting permutation. Having this transformation into a permutation, it can be later easily represented as a two dimensional (2D) object and thus, since images are 2D structures, we propose algorithms that embed marks into images using the 2D representation of w. Based on the mentioned idea, rst there is a report on the initial illustration using it, which embeds marks in the spatial domain of the images. Afterwards we describe the enhanced technique exploiting the same idea by now embedding marks in the frequency domain. To do that we use the discrete fourier transform for the regions we wish to mark.
The Impact of Different Privatisation Methods on Growth in Transition Economies

We investigate the impact of different privatisation methods on economic growth in transition economies. A growth equation is estimated on annual data for 23 countries during the period 1990-2001. GDP growth is found to be positively related to employment, capital and human capital growth, as well as private sector and capital market development. It is found that mass privatisation has a significant positive effect on growth across a wide variety of definitions and specifications. No other privatisation method is found to have significant effect on growth. We conclude that the widespread criticism of mass privatisation may have been misjudged. J.E. L. Classification Numbers: L33, O40, P27, P31.
Cooperation and network coding based MAC protocol for VANETs

In the last decade, cooperative communication and network coding techniques gained rising attention. Based on these techniques, this paper introduces a novel protocol called cooperation and network coding based MAC (CNCMAC) for vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). It employs cooperative automatic repeat request (ARQ) and network coding techniques to enhance throughput. The CNC-MAC protocol works in two phases. In the first phase - cooperation - data is sent to relay nodes. The second phase - network coding - minimizes received packets. The performance of the CNC-MAC protocol is compared with cooperative ARQ-MAC, another common protocol in this domain. The simulation results indicate that CNC-MAC outperforms ARQ-MAC.
North American dynamics and western U.S. tectonics

Interest and controversy exist on the origin of forces that move and tectonically deform plates, especially regarding the relative importance of loads applied to the plate margins and base and those created internally (e.g., by elevated potential energy in uplifted regions). To quantify these loads, we evaluate predicted interplate stress through two‐dimensional finite element analysis of the North American plate, finding that boundary loads are most important, followed by internal and basal loads. Craton root basal drag of ∼4 MPa opposes absolute plate motion, compared to basal tractions elsewhere that average ∼0.4 MPa, suggesting that North America is separated from a relatively static deep Earth mantle by a weak asthenosphere. San Andreas shear (∼1.5 TN/m), gravitational collapse, and southern Cascadia pull all contribute importantly to western U.S. deformation; the region also is relatively weak. Important future work includes incorporating three‐dimensional plate structure onto global flow calculations and including the global set of plates.
Security of plug-and-play QKD arrangements with finite resources

The security of a passive plug-and-play QKD arrangement in the case of finite (resources) key lengths is analysed. It is assumed that the eavesdropper has full access to the channel so an unknown and untrusted source is assumed. To take into account the security of the BB84 protocol under collective attacks within the framework of quantum adversaries, a full treatment provides the well-known equations for the secure key rate. A numerical simulation keeping a minimum number of initial parameters constant as the total error sought and the number of pulses is carried out. The remaining parameters are optimized to produce the maximum secure key rate. Two main strategies are addressed: with and without two-decoy-states including the optimization of signal to decoy relationship.
A Novel method to represent Access Tree structure by Context Free Grammar with and-or graph in Key Policy based Attribute based Encryption

Important and sensitivity data of users in a third party managed internet or cloud always pose various security as well as privacy issues. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a pleasant trend in the literature which addresses above problem in an efficient way, and provides data security and fine-grained access control in a decentralized manner,. Key-policy attribute-based encryption (KP-ABE) is an important type of ABE, in which user can decrypt his message with a set of attributes and private keys are embedded with a access control structure which defines which cipher text an user can be allowed to decrypt. In this paper we use a probabilistic context free grammar with an And-Or structure to represent access control structure. And-Or graph has high expressive power hence access control structure can be represented in an efficient manner.
Objective measurement of image degradation caused by optical transmission effects

An objective approach is proposed to measure the image degradation caused by optical transmission effects of atmospheric turbulence. Comparisons of the proposed measure with existing objective image quality measures are performed and the correlations between the measure and subjective ratings are quantified. Experiments on wind-tunnel images and simulated turbulence-degraded images produce good results. The proposed measure may serve as a complement to state-of-the-art measures in evaluating image degradation caused by turbulence. It can also be applied as a criterion for frame selection and iteration termination for iterative restoration algorithms or help evaluate the performances of image restoration algorithms.
Mental health care use in medically unexplained and explained physical symptoms: findings from a general population study

Objective The aim of this study was to explore mental health care utilization patterns in primary and specialized mental health care of people with unexplained or explained physical symptoms. Methods Data were derived from the first wave of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2, a nationally representative face-to-face cohort study among the general population aged 18–64 years. We selected subjects with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) only (MUSonly; n=177), explained physical symptoms only (PHYonly, n=1,952), combined MUS and explained physical symptoms (MUS + PHY, n=209), and controls without physical symptoms (NONE, n=4,168). We studied entry into mental health care and the number of treatment contacts for mental problems, in both primary care and specialized mental health care. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and presence of any 12-month mental disorder assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. Results At the primary care level, all three groups of subjects with physical symptoms showed entry into care for mental health problems significantly more often than controls. The adjusted odds ratios were 2.29 (1.33, 3.95) for MUSonly, 1.55 (1.13, 2.12) for PHYonly, and 2.25 (1.41, 3.57) for MUS + PHY. At the specialized mental health care level, this was the case only for MUSonly subjects (adjusted odds ratio 1.65 [1.04, 2.61]). In both the primary and specialized mental health care, there were no significant differences between the four groups in the number of treatment contacts once they entered into treatment. Conclusion All sorts of physical symptoms, unexplained as well as explained, were associated with significant higher entry into primary care for mental problems. In specialized mental health care, this was true only for MUSonly. No differences were found in the number of treatment contacts. This warrants further research aimed at the content of the treatment contacts.
Orthogonal vector based network coding against pollution attacks in n-layer combination networks

It is proved that combination networks can achieve unbounded network coding gain measured by the ratio of network throughput with network coding to that without network coding in peer-to-peer file sharing system. On the other side, network coding allows the polluted packet generated by a malicious node to corrupt the packets transmission of the entire network. One polluted packet will prevent the other nodes from correct decoding. To settle the problem, we introduce a polluted packets detection method based on multiple vectors orthogonal to the universal set of vectors for the transmitted network coding packets. The main idea of this method is to calculate numbers of orthogonal vectors and send them to different relay nodes and receiver nodes which use them to judge whether the newly received packets are in the subspace based on the source packets. This is a distributed algorithm, without the requirement of an extra secure channel. Through the analysis and simulation in n-layer combination networks case, the computational complexity of the detection algorithm is O(n), n is the packet length, and the detection rate can be greater than 90%.
Influence of a Short-Term Study Abroad Experience on Professional Competencies and Career Aspirations of Graduate Students in Student Affairs

While the specific mission of master’s-level student affairs preparation programs (SAPPs) may differ, the overarching purpose is to pre pare graduates educated in student development to serve as leaders within higher education (Long, 2012; Nuss, 2003). As student populations evolve with increasing diversity, specifically in international populations (Farrugia, Bhandari, Baer, Robles, & Andrejko, 2017), SAPPs must seek ways to educate their graduate students in order to promote success in the current global environment. While an institution may assert internation alization as a goal, it will not become a reality unless the faculty, staff, policies, priorities, and opportunities are part of the infrastructure to support that goal (Schulz, Lee, Cantwell, McClellan, & Woodard, 2007). Given recent trends of increasing international student population (5.3% of overall higher education enrollment) and study abroad participation (10.4% of undergraduate students; Farrugia et al., 2017), developing culturally aware professionals to contribute to campus internationalization is increasingly paramount. The success of international students at US institutions and the promotion of study abroad and reintegration of students back to their home institutions require culturally competent student affairs professionals who are able to fulfill social justice and inclusion-related competencies (ACPA & NASPA, 2015). In response to the increasing internationalization of higher education, evidence exists of the inclusion of short-term study abroad experiences in SAPPs as a pedagogical approach to expose SAPP graduate students to higher education systems outside the country and expand students’ intercultural competence (Schulz et al., 2007). Previous publications related to this approach have focused on the structure of the courses, learning outcomes, and logistical considerations for such experiences (Haber & Getz, 2011; Yakaboski & Birnbaum, 2017) but are limited in exploring its influence on SAPP graduate students’ professional development. Thus, the following research question guided our study: How does participation in a short-term study abroad experience in SAPP curriculum influence graduate students’ intercultural competence, work with international students, and career development?
Vehicle license plate character recognition by neural networks

This paper tries to recognize characters of vehicle license plates in Malaysia. Vehicle license plate recognition is one of important techniques that can be used for the identification of vehicles. It is useful in many applications such as entrance admission, security, parking control, airport or harbor cargo control, road traffic control, speed control, toll gate automation and so on. In this paper, when part of character and background are dissociated, the threshold of digitalization is important and is determined using a neural network with a three-layered structure. Furthermore, in the extracted character portions, we recognize them by obtaining the features of directional line-elements. Computer simulations show that character recognition can be effectively carried out using such a method.
Teacher’s Strategies in Teaching Writing Narrative Text at SMKN 1 Kismantoro 2016/2017 Academic Year

The purpose of this research was: (1) To know the teacher strategies of SMKN 1 Kismantoro in learning writing narrative text; (2) To know how the teacher applies the strategies; and (3) To know the problems faced by the teacher. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research. The methods used to collect the data are observation, interview, and documentation. The writer used interactive model that included three main components, namely, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Research results show that the teacher's strategy in teaching narrative text writing is using cooperative learning because this strategy keeps students active and can solve problems in analyzing generic structures, language features, and social functions of the narrative text so that they can make narrative text well. The teacher implemented the strategy by delivering the material, creating several groups and giving the students the text. The problems faced by teachers in teaching writing narrative text, were the students limited vocabulary, so that the students were still confused to translate from Indonesia to English, the students’ grammar mastery, and the students’ difficulty in developing paragraph.
Using an Emotion-based Model and Sentiment Analysis Techniques to Classify Polarity for Reputation

Online Reputation Management is a novel and active area in Computational Linguistics. Closely related to opinion mining and sentiment analysis, it incorporates new features to traditional tasks like polarity detection. In this paper, we study the feasibility of applying complex sentiment analysis methods to classifying polarity for reputation. We adapt an existing emotional concept-based system for sentiment analysis to determine polarity of tweets with reputational information about companies. The original system has been extended to work with texts in English and in Spanish, and to include a module for filtering tweets according to their relevance to each company. The resulting UNED system for profiling task participated in the first RepLab campaign. The experimental results prove that sentiment analysis techniques are a good starting point for creating systems for automatic detection of polarity for reputation.
The Role of Religious Behavior in Health Self-Management: A Community-Based Participatory Research Study

Prevalence of chronic disease, mental health problems, and risk behaviors in San Bernardino (SB) County reflect some of the worst health outcomes in the State of California and the United States. Using the Integrated Theory of Health Behavior Change (ITHBC) as the theoretical framework, this community-based participatory research (CBPR) study aimed to determine how religious self-regulation skills and ability, and religious behaviors, jointly affect health promotion behaviors among socio-economically challenged residents of southwest SB County, California. A convenience sample of adult residents (N = 261) completed a series of inventories to measure the relationship between modified ITHBC constructs of religious self-regulation skills, religious self-management behaviors, and health outcomes. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis was conducted to validate the strong positive effect of religious self-regulation skills and ability on how frequently individuals engage in both organized and non-organized religious activities. Results also indicated a significant positive impact of religious behaviors towards healthy eating behaviors. However, without the engagement in religious activities, high religious self-regulation skills and ability inhibited the likelihood of healthy food intake. This faith-related theoretical model provides an avenue for faith-based organizations’ capacity for contributing to community health promotion.
A color grouping method for detection of object regions based on local saliency

The detection of object regions based on local saliency has been with great interest in computer vision for its potential contributions to applications, such as recognition, because objects of interest could be contained in salient regions. However, regions are extracted from local salient locations by simple procedures without the global inference, resulting in poor segmentation of possible objects. In this paper, a two-strategy has been proposed to introduce local saliency into foreground subtraction, a color grouping method. By using only color information and no prior higher level knowledge about objects and scenes, multiple foreground regions are extracted simultaneously according to visual attention based salient locations. The prominence score is defined to further evaluate these regions for their possibility to contain objects of interest.