Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finding The Greedy, Prodigal, and Suicidal Contracts at Scale

Smart contracts---stateful executable objects hosted on blockchains like Ethereum---carry billions of dollars worth of coins and cannot be updated once deployed. We present a new systematic characterization of a class of trace vulnerabilities, which result from analyzing multiple invocations of a contract over its lifetime. We focus attention on three example properties of such trace vulnerabilities: finding contracts that either lock funds indefinitely, leak them carelessly to arbitrary users, or can be killed by anyone. We implemented Maian, the first tool for specifying and reasoning about trace properties, which employs interprocedural symbolic analysis and concrete validator for exhibiting real exploits. Our analysis of nearly one million contracts flags 34, 200 (2, 365 distinct) contracts vulnerable, in 10 seconds per contract. On a subset of 3, 759 contracts which we sampled for concrete validation and manual analysis, we reproduce real exploits at a true positive rate of 89%, yielding exploits for 3, 686 contracts. Our tool finds exploits for the infamous Parity bug that indirectly locked $200 million US worth in Ether, which previous analyses failed to capture.
How biomarkers reflect the prognosis and treatment of necrotising soft tissue infections and the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: the protocol of the prospective cohort PROTREAT study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark

Introduction Not enough is known regarding the prognosis and treatment of necrotising soft tissue infections (NSTIs). Mortality has been shown to be 25%–35%, with survivors coping with amputations and prolonged rehabilitation. This study will evaluate soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a possible prognostic marker of NSTI severity and mortality, as well as whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can modulate markers of endothelial damage during NSTI. We hypothesise that in patients with NSTI, suPAR can provide prognostic risk assessment on hospital admission and that HBOT can reduce the endothelial damage that these patients are exposed to. Methods and analysis This is a prospective observational study. Biomarkers will be measured in 150 patients who have been diagnosed with NSTI. On admission, baseline blood samples will be obtained. Following surgery and HBOT, daily blood samples will be obtained in order to measure endothelial and prognostic biomarkers (soluble thrombomodulin, syndecan-1, sE-selectin, vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, protein C and suPAR levels). Clinical data will be acquired during the first 7 days of stay in the intensive care unit. The primary outcomes in studies I and II will be endothelial biomarker levels after HBOT, and in study III suPAR levels as a marker of disease prognosis and severity. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Regional Scientific Ethical Committee of Copenhagen (H-16021845) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (RH-2016-199). Results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03147352. (Pre-results)
Photonic Gas Sensor Using a Silicon Strip Waveguide

Sensing of gases is a promising area for applications of photonic systems operating in the mid-infrared spectral range. We present an infrared evanescent-field absorption gas sensor based on a silicon strip waveguide, which was specifically designed for CO2 sensing. We discuss finite element simulations that were used to design the strip waveguide and furthermore present experimental data of quantitative CO2 measurements with the devised structures. The first demonstrator device detects concentrations down to 5000 ppm CO2 which is the workplace exposure limit in most jurisdictions.
Influence of probucol ((4,4'-isopropylidine dithio)-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol)) on egg yolk cholesterol content and performance of laying hens.

Addition of the hypocholesteremic agent Probucol ((4,4'-isopropylidine dithio)-bis(2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol)) to the diet of laying hens at up to 1% significantly reduced egg yolk cholesterol content (mg/g yolk) without impairment of rate of egg production, egg weight, shell strength, albumen quality, or other production related parameters. Dietary concentration of . 1% Probucol significantly reduced yolk cholesterol within 2 weeks after feeding. Higher concentrations did not further reduce yolk cholesterol. Probucol at . 025% reduced egg yolk cholesterol within 4 weeks after feeding, but after 8 weeks of feeding, eggs from hens fed . 025% Probucol did not differ significantly in yolk cholesterol from those fed the basal unsupplemented diet. This suggests possible adaptation in cholesterol synthesis by the laying hen.
An Effective IoT Services Indexing and Query Technique

It is envisioned that billions of sensing devices are to be deployed for collecting context information in order to support intelligent and real-time decision support. Besides functionality specification, most devices have spatial and temporal limitations. In this setting, how to organize these sensing devices properly and thus to support searching devices w.r. t the requirement of certain users is a challenge. This paper proposes a multiple index method to organize sensing devices considering their functionality specification, spatial and temporal attributes, and develops a query mechanism leveraging this multiple indexes. This technique can support the searching of sensing devices efficiently.
Streptococcus pneumoniae Colonization Is Required To Alter the Nasal Microbiota in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Mice

ABSTRACT Smokers have nasal microbiota dysbiosis, with an increased frequency of colonizing bacterial pathogens. It is possible that cigarette smoke increases pathogen acquisition by perturbing the microbiota and decreasing colonization resistance. However, it is difficult to disentangle microbiota dysbiosis due to cigarette smoke exposure from microbiota changes caused by increased pathogen acquisition in human smokers. Using an experimental mouse model, we investigated the impact of cigarette smoke on the nasal microbiota in the absence and presence of nasal pneumococcal colonization. We observed that cigarette smoke exposure alone did not alter the nasal microbiota composition. The microbiota composition was also unchanged at 12 h following low-dose nasal pneumococcal inoculation, suggesting that the ability of the microbiota to resist initial nasal pneumococcal acquisition was not impaired in smoke-exposed mice. However, nasal microbiota dysbiosis occurred as a consequence of established high-dose nasal pneumococcal colonization at day 3 in smoke-exposed mice. Similar to clinical reports on human smokers, an enrichment of potentially pathogenic bacterial genera such as Fusobacterium, Gemella, and Neisseria was observed. Our findings suggest that cigarette smoke exposure predisposes to pneumococcal colonization independent of changes to the nasal microbiota and that microbiota dysbiosis observed in smokers may occur as a consequence of established pathogen colonization.
Bacillus thuringiensis survey in Brazil: geographical distribution and insecticidal activity against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A total of 3408 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis were collected from 1448 soil samples in 10 Brazilian states, four different geographical regions, covering 96 counties. These strains were evaluated against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) larvae. Only 62% killed between 81% and 100% and 1758 caused no mortality. Highest proportion of efficient strains (larval mortality above 75%) was found from the total isolated per region in the South Region (16.6%), followed by Western Central (3.1%), Southeast (1.1%) and Northeast Region (0.4%).
Signal Processing for MIMO-NOMA: Present and Future Challenges

NOMA, as the newest member of the multiple access family, is envisioned to be an essential component of 5G mobile networks. The combination of NOMA and multi-antenna MIMO technologies exhibits significant potential in improving spectral efficiency and providing better wireless services to more users. In this article, we introduce the basic concepts of MIMO-NOMA and summarize the key technical problems in MIMO-NOMA systems. Then we explore the problem formulation, beamforming, user clustering, and power allocation of single/multi-cluster MIMO-NOMA in the literature along with their limitations. Furthermore, we point out an important issue of the stability of successive interference cancellation that arises using achievable rates as performance metrics in practical NOMA/MIMO-NOMA systems. Finally, we discuss incorporating NOMA with massive/millimeter- wave MIMO, and identify the main challenges and possible future research directions in this area.
BagMinHash - Minwise Hashing Algorithm for Weighted Sets

Minwise hashing has become a standard tool to calculate signatures which allow direct estimation of Jaccard similarities. While very efficient algorithms already exist for the unweighted case, the calculation of signatures for weighted sets is still a time consuming task. BagMinHash is a new algorithm that can be orders of magnitude faster than current state of the art without any particular restrictions or assumptions on weights or data dimensionality. Applied to the special case of unweighted sets, it represents the first efficient algorithm producing independent signature components. A series of tests finally verifies the new algorithm and also reveals limitations of other approaches published in the recent past.
Hepatitis E virus RNA in Australian blood donations

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a risk to transfusion safety. In Australia, locally acquired HEV is rare and cases are mainly reported in travelers returning from countries endemic for HEV. The risk posed by HEV to transfusion safety in Australia is unknown; therefore, we aimed to measure the rate of current HEV infection in Australian blood donations.
Clustering Finger Motion Data from Virtual Reality-Based Training to Analyze Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Research in virtual reality VR has resulted in the development of many applications in clinical settings in the areas of learning and therapy in psychology and neuropsychology because this technology can be flexible to the needs of the clinical application. VR technology has many implementations for cognitive training and as a screening tool for patients with mild cognitive impairment MCI. The technology has been used in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and support of patients with MCI. This study found that the information recorded in VR-based learning software can be useful in analyzing individuals with MCI in order to characterize groups of participants. The authors implemented a time series clustering algorithm acting on finger motion data from nine healthy participants as a pilot study, then comprehensively reviewed the clustering result by comparing it with performance-based measures. The results indicate that the clusters formed by using the acceleration data is reasonably analogous to the performance measures i.e., with respect to the type and number of errors that occurred.
Comparative human aqueous dynamics study between black and white subjects with glaucoma.

PURPOSE To compare the baseline aqueous humor dynamics in white Caucasians and patients of African origin with previously untreated primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT). METHODS Ninety-one participants were enrolled in this prospective, observational controlled study: 34 black subjects with POAG or OHT, 32 white Caucasian participants with POAG or OHT, and 12 black and 13 white healthy volunteers as the controls. All aqueous humor parameters were taken between 9 AM and 12 noon on the same day. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by pneumatonometer; morning aqueous humor flow rate was measured by fluorophotometry and trabecular outflow facility by electronic Schiøtz tonography. Uveoscleral outflow was calculated by using Goldmann's equation with assumed episcleral venous pressure of 8, 9, 10, and 11 mm Hg. Differences among groups were analyzed with parametric and nonparametric tests and the relationship between aqueous dynamics parameters were evaluated with linear regression analyses. RESULTS The POAG/OHT groups had similar IOP (white, 24.6 ± 3.0 mm Hg; black, 24.3 ± 4.0 mm Hg; comparison by Holm's sequential Bonferroni method (HBonf): P(HBonf) = 0.51), outflow facility (white, 0.13 ± 0.09 μL/min/mm Hg; black, 0.13 ± 0.07 μL/min/mm Hg; P(HBonf) = 0.87), aqueous flow (white, 2.36 ± 0.63 μL/min; black, 2.35 ± 0.53 μL/min; P(HBonf) = 0.95), and uveoscleral outflow (white, 0.42 ± 1.59 μL/min; black, 0.58 ± 1.17 μL/min; P(HBonf) = 1.78). POAG/OHT groups had significantly higher IOP and lower outflow facility than their healthy counterparts (P < 0.01). Black participants had significant thinner corneas (540 ± 37 μm vs. 564 ± 36 μm) than those of white participants (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS The aqueous humor dynamics of black African and white Caucasian patients with POAG or OHT have no significant differences. However, the significantly thinner corneas of the black patients may be masking potential differences in outflow facility and IOP measurements between the racial groups.
Quality of Reporting of Randomised Controlled Trials of Herbal Interventions in ASEAN Plus Six Countries: A Systematic Review

Background Many randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of herbal interventions have been conducted in the ASEAN Communities. Good quality reporting of RCTs is essential for assessing clinical significance. Given the importance ASEAN placed on herbal medicines, the reporting quality of RCTs of herbal interventions among the ASEAN Communities deserved a special attention. Objectives To systematically review the quality of reporting of RCTs of herbal interventions conducted in the ASEAN Plus Six Countries. Methods Searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), from inception through October 2013. These were limited to studies specific to humans and RCTs. Herbal species search terms were based on those listed in the National List of Essential Medicines [NLEM (Thailand, 2011)]. Studies conducted in the ASEAN Plus Six Countries, published in English were included. Results Seventy-one articles were identified. Thirty (42.25%) RCTs were from ASEAN Countries, whereas 41 RCTs (57.75%) were from Plus Six Group. Adherence to the recommended CONSORT checklist items for reporting of RCTs of herbal interventions among ASEAN Plus Six Countries ranged from 0% to 97.18%. Less than a quarter of the RCTs (18.31%) reported information on standardisation of the herbal products. However, the scope of our interventions of interest was limited to those developed from 20 herbal species listed in the NLEM of Thailand. Conclusions The present study highlights the need to improve reporting quality of RCTs of herbal interventions across ASEAN Plus Six Communities.
The role of pre-existing comorbidity on the rate of recovery following injury: A longitudinal cohort study

Understanding the role of comorbidity in recovery following injury is an important challenge given the increasing prevalence of multimorbidity (2 or more comorbidities) in many countries. The Prospective Outcomes of Injury Study recruited 2856 injured 18–64 year olds that had registered for entitlements with New Zealand’s universal no-fault injury insurer. Recovery, or lack of, in this longitudinal cohort was measured using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule at 3, 12 and 24 months post-injury. Twenty-one pre-existing chronic conditions were used to identify comorbidity. To investigate whether rates of recovery differed by pre-injury comorbidity, the interaction between time and comorbidity was modelled using Generalised Estimating Equations. Of 1,862 participants with complete data, the distribution reporting none, one comorbidity, or multimorbidity pre-injury was 51%, 27%, and 21% respectively. Longitudinal analysis estimated no difference (log odds per year 0.05, 95% Confidence Interval -0.17 to 0.27) between the rate of change of disability for those with one pre-injury comorbidity compared to those with none. Those with pre-injury multimorbidity had significantly slower reduction in disability over time than those with no pre-injury comorbidity (log odds per year 0.27, 95% Confidence Interval 0.05 to 0.48). In a working age cohort, the rate of recovery in the 24 months following injury was similar for those with none or one pre-existing comorbidity and significantly slower for those with multimorbidity. It is important that further research explores mechanisms driving this, and that researchers and health providers identify and implement better supports for injured people with multimorbidity.
Delayed yet persistent effects of daily risperidone on activity in developing rats

Early-life administration of risperidone, the most widely used antipsychotic drug in children, leads to persistently elevated locomotor activity in adult rats. This study determined whether and when elevated locomotor activity emerges during developmental risperidone administration. Developing and adult rats were administered daily injections of risperidone (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) or vehicle for 4 weeks beginning at postnatal days 14 and 74, respectively. Starting with the first injection and every 7 days thereafter, locomotor activity was measured immediately after the injection and 20 min before the next day’s injection. Activity was also recorded 1 week after the final injection. Risperidone markedly decreased locomotor activity in developing and adult rats immediately after injection. Within 24 h after their first injection, adult rats administered risperidone showed greater activity levels. In contrast, developing rats did not show compensatory hyperactivity until the beginning of the fourth week of risperidone administration. One week after the final risperidone injection, there was no evidence of hyperactivity in the adult rats maintained on risperidone, but developing rats administered risperidone, especially females, showed greater activity levels relative to vehicle-administered controls. In comparison with adult rats, the emergence of compensatory hyperactivity during long-term antipsychotic drug administration is delayed in developing rats, but persists after treatment cessation.
Blood‐Brain Barrier Closure Time After Controlled Ultrasound‐Induced Opening Is Independent of Opening Volume

Microbubble‐mediated focused ultrasound (US) opening of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) has shown promising results for the treatment of brain tumors and conditions such as Alzheimer disease. Practical clinical implementation of focused US treatments would aim to treat a substantial portion of the brain; thus, the safety of opening large volumes must be investigated. This study investigated whether the opened volume affects the time for the BBB to be restored after treatment.
The Role of Heterogeneity and the Dynamics of Voluntary Contributions to Public Goods: An Experimental and Agent-Based Simulation Analysis

This paper examines the role of heterogeneous agents in the study of voluntary contributions to public goods. A human-subject experiment was conducted to classify agent types and determine their effects on contribution levels. Data from the experiment was used to build and calibrate an agent-based simulation model. The simulations display how different compositions of agent preference types affect the contribution levels. Findings indicate that the heterogeneity of cooperative preferences is an important determinant of a populationâ€™s contribution pattern.
TNIP2 is a Hub Protein in the NF-κB Network with Both Protein and RNA Mediated Interactions*

The NF-κB family of transcription factors is pivotal in controlling cellular responses to environmental stresses; abnormal nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling features in many autoimmune diseases and cancers. Several components of the NF-κB signaling pathway have been reported to interact with the protein TNIP2 (also known as ABIN2), and TNIP2 can both positively and negatively regulate NF-κB- dependent transcription of target genes. However, the function of TNIP2 remains elusive and the cellular machinery associating with TNIP2 has not been systematically defined. Here we first used a broad MudPIT/Halo Affinity Purification Mass Spectrometry (AP-MS) approach to map the network of proteins associated with the NF-κB transcription factors, and establish TNIP2 as an NF-κB network hub protein. We then combined AP-MS with biochemical approaches in a more focused study of truncated and mutated forms of TNIP2 to map protein associations with distinct regions of TNIP2. NF-κB interacted with the N-terminal region of TNIP2. A central region of TNIP2 interacted with the endosomal sorting complex ESCRT-I via its TSG101 subunit, a protein essential for HIV-1 budding, and a single point mutant in TNIP2 disrupted this interaction. The major gene ontology category for TNIP2 associated proteins was mRNA metabolism, and several of these associations, like KHDRBS1, were lost upon depletion of RNA. Given the major association of TNIP2 with mRNA metabolism proteins, we analyzed the RNA content of affinity purified TNIP2 using RNA-Seq. Surprisingly, a specific limited number of mRNAs was associated with TNIP2. These RNAs were enriched for transcription factor binding, transcription factor cofactor activity, and transcription regulator activity. They included mRNAs of genes in the Sin3A complex, the Mediator complex, JUN, HOXC6, and GATA2. Taken together, our findings suggest an expanded role for TNIP2, establishing a link between TNIP2, cellular transport machinery, and RNA transcript processing.
A novel complete-case analysis to determine statistical significance between treatments in an intention-to-treat population of randomized clinical trials involving missing data

The application of the principle of the intention-to-treat (ITT) to the analysis of clinical trials is challenged in the presence of missing outcome data. The consequences of stopping an assigned treatment in a withdrawn subject are unknown. It is difficult to make a single assumption about missing mechanisms for all clinical trials because there are complicated reactions in the human body to drugs due to the presence of complex biological networks, leading to data missing randomly or non-randomly. Currently there is no statistical method that can tell whether a difference between two treatments in the ITT population of a randomized clinical trial with missing data is significant at a pre-specified level. Making no assumptions about the missing mechanisms, we propose a generalized complete-case (GCC) analysis based on the data of completers. An evaluation of the impact of missing data on the ITT analysis reveals that a statistically significant GCC result implies a significant treatment effect in the ITT population at a pre-specified significance level unless, relative to the comparator, the test drug is poisonous to the non-completers as documented in their medical records. Applications of the GCC analysis are illustrated using literature data, and its properties and limits are discussed.