Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Companies Become Platform Leaders

An industry platform involves not only one company's technology or service but also an ecosystem of complements to it that are usually produced by a variety of businesses. As a result, becoming a platform leader requires different business and technology strategies than those needed to launch a successful stand-alone product. Companies should decide early on whether they want to pursue a platform or a product strategy. The authors describe two fundamental approaches to building platform leadership, which they call "coring" and "tipping. " "Coring" is using a set of techniques to create a platform by making a technology "core" to a particular technological system and market. When pursuing a coring strategy, would-be platform leaders should think about issues such as how to make it easy for third parties to provide add-ons to the technology and how to encourage third-party companies to create complementary innovations. Examples of successful coring include Google Inc. in Internet search and Qualcomm Inc. in wireless technology. However, the authors note, Qualcomm faces opposition from some companies in its business ecosystem. The authors cite EMC Corp.'s WideSky initiative in the early 2000s as an attempt at coring that did not succeed. EMC's competitors were not eager to adopt WideSky as a platform and instead supported an open-standards one managed through an industry group. "Tipping" is the set of activities that helps a company "tip" a market toward its platform rather than some other potential one. Examples of tipping include Linux's growth in the market for Web server operating systems; the Linux case study, the authors point out, demonstrates the power of a coalition of service providers and users to tip a market by supporting a particular platform. Another tipping strategy is for a company to bundle features from an adjacent market into its existing platform; the authors call this "tipping across markets. "
Dynamical Systems Applied to Biology and Natural Sciences DSABNS 2014 Lisbon , Portugal , February 10-12 , 2014 Power Laws , Zipf ’ s Law , and Scaling Laws in Human Language and Music

Power-law distributions have been a paradigm of complex systems for several decades. But it has been only recently that attention has been devoted to the proper fitting and goodness-of-fit testing of these distributions; in particular, Clauset et al.’s method is widely cited in this regard [1]. In the first part of the talk we present evidence that this method fails in some concrete examples of continuous distributions, rejecting the power-law hypothesis even for simulated data with a power-law tail [2]. We propose an alternative more reliable procedure that, additionally, can be generalized to upper truncated power-law distributions [3]. The second part is devoted to one of the classic examples of power-law distributions: the so-called Zipf’s law, in the context of word frequencies in texts. This is considered one of the key statistical regularities of human language. We extend the fitting method to cover this discrete case, showing that, in general, Zipf’s law does not hold for the whole domain of word frequencies, but only for the upper tail. In addition, we show how the distribution of word frequencies scales with the size of the text and the size of the vocabulary, providing a recipe for the proper comparison of texts of different size [4]. The distinction between power law and scaling law is fundamental here. The third and last part is devoted to the extension of Zipf’s law to music, drawing parallelisms and differences with texts. The construction of music code-words from the chords defining the pitch in modern popular music reveals the validity of Zipf’s law in this case. This law has kept stability for the last 50 years, although other characteristics of music have shown an evolution that seems to indicate a decrease of the complexity of music with time [5]. c ©DSABNS ISBN: 978-989-98750-0-5 Fifth Workshop Dynamical Systems Applied to Biology and Natural Sciences DSABNS 2014 Lisbon, Portugal, February 10-12, 2014
An Empirical Comparison of Methods for Compressing Test Coverage Reports

Introduction . Test coverage monitoring techniques are an integral part of modern methodologies for testing computer software. For instance, tools such as automated fault localizers [2], test adequacy calculators [3], and debuggers [4] all use a coverage report for various purposes. Recently developed monitoring methods track the coverage of the nodes and edges in a program’s control flow graph, definition-use associations involving program variables [8], or interaction with the state and structure of a database [3]. However, a coverage report often balloons in size as the monitor includes additional details about the behavior of the program, test suite, and other software components such as the operating system and database. The marked increase in coverage report size is particularly problematic when testing occurs in a resource constrained embedded environment [1] or on a build/test server that collects coverage results for many programs over a long time period [7]. Large coverage reports may also limit the efficiency and effectiveness of defect isolation methods that monitor a remote program and thus transmit coverage data across a network [5]. Empirical Study . As shown in Figure 1, the monitoring process normally involves the following steps: (1) instrumenting the program and test suite in order to collect coverage information, (2) executing the test suite so that a coverage report may be constructed, and (3) compressing and storing the coverage results for later analysis. This poster studies the impact that coverage report format and the use of compression has on the third phase of monitoring. Since prior work finds that coverage reports in the form of either a dynamic call tree (DCT) or a calling context tree (CCT) support effective test suite reduction [3, 6], this poster picks this tree-based format as the basis for an empirical comparison of compression methods. In particular, we experimentally evaluate the trade-offs associated with encoding the coverage report in either a binary or eXtensible markup language (XML) file and further consider the merits of using either a traditional or XML-aware file compressor. Using six case study applications that vary in their size (548 to 1455 non-commented source statements and 13 to 51 test cases) [3], this poster reports on measurements of the time overhead associated with storing the report, size of both the compressed and uncompressed coverage results, and time required to run the compressor and decompressor. Using graphs and tables like those in Figure 2, this poster enables both researchers and practitioners to identify the fundamental trade-offs associated with compressing coverage data. For instance, the experiments reveal that the reports encoded in XML take longer to store and are larger Program
A method for recommending the latest news articles via MinHash and LSH

Since most users are more interested in the latest news articles that are recently updated, it is important to recommend those news articles to appropriate users. However, existing methods cannot recommend the latest news articles in a short time. This paper proposes a novel recommendation method focusing on the latest news articles. It spends much shorter execution time than the existing methods thanks to employing two approximation methods, MinHash and locality sensitive hashing. For evaluation, we conducted extensive experiments using a real-world dataset. The experimental results show that our method provides better accuracy and performs much faster than the existing methods.
Active authentication using scrolling behaviors

This paper addresses active authentication using scrolling behaviors for biometrics and assesses different classification and clustering methods that leverage those traits. The dataset used contained event-driven temporal data captured through monitoring users' reading habits. The derived feature set is mainly composed of users' scrolling events and their derivatives (changes) and 5-gram sequencing of scrolling events to increase the number of feature extracted and their context. Classification performance in terms of both accuracy and Area under the Curve (AUC) for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve is first reported using several classification methods including Random Forests (RF), RF with SMOTE (for unbalanced dataset) and AdaBoost with Decision Stump and ADTree. The best performance was obtained, however, using k-means clustering with two methods used to authenticate users: simple ranking and profile standard error filtering, with the latter achieving a success rate of 83.5%. Our use of k-means represents a novel non-intrusive approach of active and continuous re-authentication to counter insider-threat. Our main contribution comes from the features considered and their coupling to k-means to create a novel state-of-the art active user re-authentication method.
A Comparative Analysis of the In Vitro Effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Treatment on Osteogenic Differentiation of Two Different Mesenchymal Cell Lineages

Abstract Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising candidate cell type for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Exposure of MSCs to physical stimuli favors early and rapid activation of the tissue repair process. In this study we investigated the in vitro effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose-tissue MSCs (ASCs), to assess if both types of MSCs could be indifferently used in combination with PEMF exposure for bone tissue healing. We compared the cell viability, cell matrix distribution, and calcified matrix production in unstimulated and PEMF-stimulated (magnetic field: 2 mT, amplitude: 5 mV) mesenchymal cell lineages. After PEMF exposure, in comparison with ASCs, BM-MSCs showed an increase in cell proliferation (p<0.05) and an enhanced deposition of extracellular matrix components such as decorin, fibronectin, osteocalcin, osteonectin, osteopontin, and type-I and -III collagens (p<0.05). Calcium deposition was 1.5-fold greater in BM-MSC–derived osteoblasts (p<0.05). The immunofluorescence related to the deposition of bone matrix proteins and calcium showed their colocalization to the cell-rich areas for both types of MSC-derived osteoblast. Alkaline phosphatase activity increased nearly 2-fold (p<0.001) and its protein content was 1.2-fold higher in osteoblasts derived from BM-MSCs. The quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed up-regulated transcription specific for bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, osteonectin, and Runx2, but at a higher level for cells differentiated from BM-MSCs. All together these results suggest that PEMF promotion of bone extracellular matrix deposition is more efficient in osteoblasts differentiated from BM-MSCs.
Unsupervised feature learning using Markov deep belief network

Recently, deep architectures, such as Deep Belief Network (DBN), have been used to learn features from unlabeled data. However, since DBN supports bi-directional inference and the units between two layers are fully connected, it is difficult to directly apply the traditional convolutional network to DBN, or scale DBN to fit the large images (e.g. 1024×768). In this paper, a new deep learning model, named Markov DBN (MDBN), is proposed to address these problems. This model employs a new way for DBN to reduce computational burden and handle large images. Markov sub-layers are also adopted to take the neighboring relationship of the inputs into consideration. To train MDBN, we devise Block Restricted Boltzmann Machine (BRBM) which chooses non-overlapping blocks as input. Furthermore, SIFT descriptor is employed to enable this model to learn translation, scaling and rotation invariant features. Experimental results on datasets Caltech-101 and Caltech-256 have demonstrated the superiority of our model.
Destabilizing effects of time-delay in lambda-model for human postural control

The time-delay existing in the human postural control system will cause destabilizing effects and trajectory errors. The objective of this article is to investigate whether the physiological λ-model with co-contraction can compensate the influence of time-delay, and identify the input variables of the model. In the λ-model, two neurophysiological commands from the central nervous system and a characteristic factor maintain the posture, which are the reciprocal command (R), the coactivation command (C) and the damping factor (μ). It will be shown that if the time-delay in the feedback loop is within a limit, the intrinsic feedback control can provide a stabilized posture control. The acceptable time-delay limit under which the system remains stable, is determined through simulation. We also show that the reciprocal command R only predetermines the final equilibrium point, and there is no influence on the time-delay limit; however the coactivation commands C and the damping factor μ have the influence on the limit. Therefore, they must be selected properly to ensure the system stability.
Model for Power SiC Vertical JFET With Unified Description of Linear and Saturation Operating Regimes

A novel SiC junction field-effect transistor (JFET) model that uses a unified description of linear and saturated conduction modes is proposed. Advantages of the proposed model are improved robustness and convergence, inclusion of field-dependent mobility effects, and more physical description of the current saturation phenomenon. The model is validated against a normally off JFET sample over a wide temperature range. Finite-element simulations are used to demonstrate the physics-based nature of the proposed model.
A description of hydrometeor layer occurrence statistics derived from the first year of merged Cloudsat and CALIPSO data

[1] The occurrence statistics of hydrometeor layers covering the Earth's surface is described using the first year of millimeter radar data collected by Cloudsat merged with lidar data collected by CALIPSO (July 2006 to June 2007). These satellites are flown in a tight orbital configuration so that they probe nearly the same volumes of the atmosphere within 10–15 s of each other. This configuration combined with the capacity for millimeter radar to penetrate optically thick hydrometeor layers and the ability of the lidar to detect optically thin clouds has allowed us to characterize the vertical and horizontal structure of hydrometeor layers with unprecedented precision. We find that the global hydrometeor coverage averages 76% and demonstrates a fairly smooth annual cycle with a range of 3% peaking in October 2006 and reaching a minimum in March 2007. The geographic distribution of hydrometeor layers defined in terms of layer base, layer top, and layer thickness is described. The predominance of geometrically thin boundary layer clouds is illustrated as is the spatial distribution of upper tropospheric ice clouds in the tropics. The cooccurrence of multiple layers is shown to be a strong function of latitude and geography with cooccurring middle-level (3 km 6 km) layers being predominant over the continents. Cloud layer overlap is also examined, and a bias due to an assumption of maximum fractional overlap in coarse resolution models is quantified and shown to be on the order of −5 to −7% globally maximizing over the high-latitude continents of the Northern Hemisphere.
Major Transformations in the Evolution of Primate Locomotion

Compared to other mammalian orders, Primates use an extraordinary diversity of locomotor behaviors, which are made possible by a complementary diversity of musculoskeletal adaptations. Primate locomotor repertoires include various kinds of suspension, bipedalism, leaping, and quadrupedalism using multiple pronograde and orthograde postures and employing numerous gaits such as walking, trotting, galloping, and brachiation. In addition to using different locomotor modes, primates regularly climb, leap, run, swing, and more in extremely diverse ways. As one might expect, the expansion of the field of primatology in the 1960s stimulated efforts to make sense of this diversity by classifying the locomotor behavior of living primates and identifying major evolutionary trends in primate locomotion. The most notable and enduring of these efforts were by the British physician and comparative anatomist John Napier (e.g., Napier 1963, 1967b; Napier and Napier 1967; Napier and Walker 1967). Napier’s seminal 1967 paper, “Evolutionary Aspects of Primate Locomotion,” drew on the work of earlier comparative anatomists such as LeGros Clark, Wood Jones, Straus, and Washburn. By synthesizing the anatomy and behavior of extant primates with the primate fossil record, Napier argued that
Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes.

OBJECTIVE To compare recent trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among men and women with diabetes with those in the nondiabetic population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using provincial health claims data to identify adults with (n = 670,602) and without (n = 9,190,721) diabetes living in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1992 and 31 March 2000. We compared changes in the annual age-/sex-adjusted rates and numbers of subjects admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke and of deaths from AMI, stroke, and all causes between those with and without diabetes. RESULTS Over the 8-year period, the rate of patients admitted for AMI and stroke fell to a greater extent in the diabetic than the nondiabetic population (AMI: -15.1 vs. -9.1%, P < 0.0001; stroke: -24.2 vs. 19.4%, P < 0.0001). Diabetic patients experienced similar reductions in case-fatality rates related to AMI and stroke than those without diabetes (-44.1 vs. -33.2%, P = 0.1; -17.1 vs. -16.6%, P = 0.9, respectively). Declines in all-cause mortality were also comparable in the two populations. Over the same period, the number of diabetes cases increased from 405,471 to 670,602. Thus, while CVD rates fell, the number of events occurring in this population rose substantially (AMI: +44.6%, stroke: +26.1%, AMI deaths: +17.2%, and stroke deaths: +13.2%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction in the rate of people affected by CVD within the diabetic population. However, as the number of people with diabetes rises, so may the absolute burden of CVD in our society.
Low Profile, High Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna

Wireless technology is one of the main areas of research in the world of communication and a study of communication system is incomplete without understanding the operation of an antenna. Recent trends of wireless mobile communication technology are towards the miniaturization and demand for more robust and compact designs. This paper proposed a low cost, efficient, high gain and wideband Microstrip Antenna (MSA) using rectangular patch for wireless applications. In this paper an attempt is made to implement the line feed and probe feed MSA with a low cost, easily available FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4, substrate height of 1.59mm and loss tangent of 0.02. The proposed Antenna is also optimised by using air as a dielectric substrate. An attempt is also made to optimised MSA using double layer with airgap. Double layer consisted of double sided copper ensure using one side as ground plane and other side as feed network. The air gap reduces both the electric field concentration on the lossy epoxy and the effective dielectric constant of the radiating plane. The structure is optimised using Zeland IE3D version 14.10. The optimised MSA with air as a dielectric substrate provides a maximum gain of about 9.3 dB, RL 90% at resonance frequency at 2.4 GHz.
A Combustion-Monitoring System With 3-D Temperature Reconstruction Based on Flame-Image Processing Technique

Based on a flame-image processing technology, a real-time combustion-monitoring system with 3-D temperature reconstruction and visualization installed in a coal-fired furnace of a power plant was reported. A dozen of flame detectors with charge-coupled-device cameras were mounted along the height of the furnace to capture multiple digital flame images. A radiation energy signal (RES) was obtained from the flame images according to Wien's law of radiation. A series of in situ experiments have been done, and the results showed that the flame temperature distribution and the RES are sensitive to change in the combustion of the boiler and can be used to improve the combustion control in practical application.
Fisher vector with weakly-supervised Gaussian dictionary for scene classification

The Fisher Vector (FV) is a very successful image representing method, which has achieved the state-of-the-art performance on scene classification. It concatenates the gradient of parameters in generative model as the image representation, which takes the advantage of generative and discriminative models. Using Gaussian mixture model (GMM) as the dictionary model, it can be regarded as an extension of the Bag-of-Words (BoW). But using unsupervised GMM to learn the dictionary makes a great loss for the information of image labels, which counts a lot for discrimination. To address the problem, we propose a novel strategy named Weakly-Supervised Gaussian Dictionary for Fisher Vector (WSGD-FV) to get the image representation. Specifically, we first use the weakly-supervised method to learn the Gaussian words, and then we combine these words to a Gaussian dictionary as the probability density function, so we can use this function to generate the FV. Our method is shown to get much better performance than the conventional FV for scene classification.
High Efficiency Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis in Hovenia dulcis Thunb. through Solid and Liquid Cultures

Embryogenic callus was obtained from mature seed explants on medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Primary somatic embryos (SEs) can only develop into abnormal plants. Well-developed SEs could be obtained through secondary somatic embryogenesis both in solid and liquid cultures. Temperature strongly affected induction frequency of secondary embryogenesis. Relatively high temperature (30°C) and germinated SEs explants were effective for induction of secondary somatic embryos, and low temperature (20°C) was more suitable for further embryo development, plantlet conversion, and transplant survival. Somatic embryos formed on agar medium had larger cotyledons than those of embryos formed in liquid medium. Supplementing 0.1 mg L−1 6-benzyladenine (BA) was effective for plant conversion; the rate of plant conversion was 43.3% in somatic embryos from solid culture and 36.5% in embryos from liquid culture. In vitro plants were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse. The protocol established in this study will be helpful for large-scale vegetative propagation of this medicinal tree.
SPECTRAL PROPERTIES OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM BILLIARDS WITH A POINTLIKE SCATTERER

We examine the spectral properties of three-dimensional quantum billiards with a single pointlike scatterer inside. It is found that the spectrum shows chaotic (random-matrix-like) characteristics when the inverse of the formal strength {bar v}{sup {minus}1} is within a band whose width increases parabolically as a function of the energy. This implies that the spectrum becomes random-matrix-like at very high energy irrespective to the value of the formal strength. The predictions are confirmed by numerical experiments with a rectangular box. The findings for a pointlike scatterer are applied to the case for a small but finite-size impurity. We clarify the proper procedure for its zero-size limit which involves nontrivial divergence. The previously known results in one- and two-dimensional quantum billiards with small impurities inside are also reviewed from the present perspective. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}