Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Sensitivity to Ketamine and Pentobarbital in Mice Lacking the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor GluR&egr;1 Subunit

Ketamine is an IV anesthetic with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-blocking properties. However, it is still unclear whether ketamine’s general anesthetic actions are mediated primarily via blockade of NMDAR. Functional NMDARs are composed by the assembly of a GluR&zgr;1 (NR1) subunit with GluR&egr; (GluR&egr;1–4; NR2A–D) subunits, which confer unique properties on native NMDARs. We hypothesized that animals deficient in GluR&egr;1, an abundant and ubiquitously postnatally expressed NMDAR subunit, might be resistant to the effects of ketamine. Here, we evaluated a righting reflex to determine the general anesthetic/hypnotic potency of ketamine administered intraperitoneally to GluR&egr;1 knockout mice and compared these results with those for wild-type mice. Mutant mice were more resistant to ketamine than control mice. Unexpectedly, mutant mice were also more resistant to pentobarbital, which is thought not to interact with NMDAR at clinically relevant concentrations. Although these data in no way eliminate the possibility of the involvement of the NMDAR GluR&egr;1 subunit in mediation of ketamine anesthesia/hypnosis, they suggest the difficulties with interpretation of altered anesthetic sensitivity in knockout animal models.
The Effects of Caffeine Supplementation on Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise in Endurance-Trained Men

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of caffeine on physiological responses to submaximal exercise, with a focus on blood lactate concentration ([BLa]). Methods Using a randomised, single-blind, crossover design; 16 endurance-trained, male cyclists (age: 38 ± 8 years; height: 1.80 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 76.6 ± 7.8 kg; V˙O2max: 4.3 ± 0.6 L∙min-1) completed four trials on an electromagnetically-braked cycle ergometer. Each trial consisted of a six-stage incremental test (3 minute stages) followed by 30 minutes of passive recovery. One hour before trials 2–4, participants ingested a capsule containing 5 mg∙kg-1 of either caffeine or placebo (maltodextrin). Trials 2 and 3 were designed to evaluate the effects of caffeine on various physiological responses during exercise and recovery. In contrast, Trial 4 was designed to evaluate the effects of caffeine on [BLa] during passive recovery from an end-exercise concentration of 4 mmol∙L-1. Results Relative to placebo, caffeine increased [BLa] during exercise, independent of exercise intensity (mean difference: 0.33 ± 0.41 mmol∙L-1; 95% likely range: 0.11 to 0.55 mmol∙L-1), but did not affect the time-course of [BLa] during recovery (p = 0.604). Caffeine reduced ratings of perceived exertion (mean difference: 0.5 ± 0.7; 95% likely range: 0.1 to 0.9) and heart rate (mean difference: 3.6 ± 4.2 b∙min-1; 95% likely range: 1.3 to 5.8 b∙min-1) during exercise, with the effect on the latter dissipating as exercise intensity increased. Supplement × exercise intensity interactions were observed for respiratory exchange ratio (p = 0.004) and minute ventilation (p = 0.034). Conclusions The results of the present study illustrate the clear, though often subtle, effects of caffeine on physiological responses to submaximal exercise. Researchers should be aware of these responses, particularly when evaluating the physiological effects of various experimental interventions.
Increased Endocortical Formation and Periosteal Resorption in Premenopausal Women with Idiopathic Osteoporosis Treated with Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone

Introduction Idiopathic osteoporosis (IOP) in premenopausal women is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and/or low trauma fractures, abnormal bone microarchitecture, and reduced bone strength, without an underlying secondary cause. While intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to be an effective treatment for osteoporosis in men and postmenopausal women, the response of premenopausal women with IOP to PTH remains unclear. We recently reported that daily injection of 20 μg of PTH 1-34 for 18-24 months improves bone density and quality at central skeletal sites. Recently, using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), we found that daily PTH injection also improves trabecular microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia. However, little work has been done to determine how PTH affects cortical bone. Based on a standard cortical bone analysis, we observed no changes in cortical bone geometry at both the distal radius and tibia, and a significant increase in cortical porosity at the radius, but not at the tibia. However, previous studies suggest that PTH causes significant changes in bone remodeling at cortical bone surfaces. To further study the effect of PTH on cortical bone remodeling, we aimed to delineate the local bone resorption and formation activities in different envelopes of cortical bone over time. Therefore, in this study we developed an image analysis framework based on longitudinal HR-pQCT scans to quantify changes in BMD at cortical surfaces. We hypothesized that significant bone remodeling occurs at both the periosteal surface (PS) and endosteal surface (ES) in IOP patients in response to PTH.
Ontology Based Machine Learning for Semantic Multiclass Classification

Following the development of semantic web technologies, many ontologies and thesauri have been proposed to index resources dur- ing the last decade. However, despite their expressiveness, those knowl- edge models do not always cover all the points of interest within dedi- cated applications. Therefore, alternative ad hoc taxonomies have been developed to support resources classifying processes. This paper proposes a method that bridges existing knowledge mod- els with ad hoc taxonomies to address the problem of textual docu- ments classification. Usually, documents are indexed according to differ- ent knowledge models: keywords, thesauri, ontologies. Nevertheless, for a project leader, additional information are needed to organize documents. In response to a particular need of one of our partners, we have devel- oped a learning method based on the use of ontologies for modelling a semantic classification process. This method allows the expert user to match their needs by optimising text document classification.
Limited area numerical weather forecasting on a massively parallel computer

A data-parallel implementation on a SIMD platform of an operational numerical weather forecast model is presented. The performances of two popular numerical techniques within these models are discussed, namely finite difference (gridpoint) methods and spectral methods. In this paper in particular the performance achieved for a full production run is investigated. Also the price/performance ratios of several compute platforms for this forecast model are shown.
Multiplicative Noise Channel in Generative Adversarial Networks

Additive Gaussian noise is widely used in generative adversarial networks (GANs). It is shown that the convergence speed is increased through the application of the additive Gaussian noise. However, the performance such as the visual quality of generated samples and semiclassification accuracy is not improved. This is partially due to the high uncertainty introduced by the additive noise. In this paper, we introduce multiplicative noise which has lower uncertainty under technical conditions, and it improves the performance of GANs. To demonstrate its practical use, two experiments including unsupervised human face generation and semi-classification tasks are conducted. The results show that it improves the state-of-art semi-classification accuracy on three benchmarks including CIFAR-10, SVHN and MNIST, as well as the visual quality and variety of generated samples on GANs with the additive Gaussian noise.
Of the body and the hands: patterned iconicity for semantic categories*

abstract This paper examines how gesturers and signers use their bodies to express concepts such as instrumentality and humanness. Comparing across eight sign languages (American, Japanese, German, Israeli, and Kenyan Sign Languages, Ha Noi Sign Language of Vietnam, Central Taurus Sign Language of Turkey, and Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language of Israel) and the gestures of American non-signers, we find recurring patterns for naming entities in three semantic categories (tools, animals, and fruits & vegetables). These recurring patterns are captured in a classification system that identifies iconic strategies based on how the body is used together with the hands. Across all groups, tools are named with manipulation forms, where the head and torso represent those of a human agent. Animals tend to be identified with personification forms, where the body serves as a map for a comparable non-human body. Fruits & vegetables tend to be identified with object forms, where the hands act independently from the rest of the body to represent static features of the referent. We argue that these iconic patterns are rooted in using the body for communication, and provide a basis for understanding how meaningful communication emerges quickly in gesture and persists in emergent and established sign languages.
European English terms for Italian legal concepts: the case of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure

The translation of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure into English, published in 2014, represents a way of explaining the functioning of the Italian criminal procedure to a wide English-speaking audience. Given the different varieties of English available, the translation team chose European English as the target language of the translation. After a brief overview of the central role played by English in the European supranational and international context, the paper presents a classification of translation equivalents used for the translation of the Code and illustrates it by concrete examples. Such classification is based on two criteria, namely the availability of European English translation equivalents in the reference corpus of European documents used by the translation team and the degree of embeddedness of the underlying concept in the national legal system. The resulting classification is threefold and comprises European English translation equivalents for Italian terms designating legal concepts shared by both national and supranational/international legal systems, European English translation equivalents for Italian terms designating legal concepts embedded in the national legal system only, and Italian terms designating legal concepts embedded in the national legal system with no European English translation equivalent. European English terms for Italian legal concepts: the case of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure
Green solutions for water and waste: Science brought into action

The development of society towards sustainability has traditionally been driven by legislation. Today, systemic strategies for sustainable development in which environmental, social and economic dimensions are held in balance are being increasingly adopted. At the same time, the societal and economic importance of clean technologies is growing. Waterand mineral-intensive industries face increasing challenges in meeting their demand for mineral and water resources. More efficient methods of reuse and withdrawal need to be developed using cross-technological approaches. New opportunities within sustainable development are emerging as environmental issues gain a strategic role in business. We are in a transition from separate single-plant raw material and waste treatment solutions towards industrial symbiosis in which environmental impacts are minimized throughout the product life cycle. VTT’s spearhead programme Green Solutions for Water and Waste (GWW, 2011—2013) targeted two important goals vital to tomorrow’s society – efficient water treatment and waste management. This work is continued in VTT’s follow-up programmes “Bioeconomy Transformation” and “Mineral Economy”. The core technologies developed include energy-efficient membrane solutions for industrial water reuse, methods for the recovery of valuable compounds from waste and side streams, and novel water quality sensors. This edition of Research Highlights showcases the excellent advances VTT has made in these areas within the GWW programme. ISBN, ISSN ISBN 978-951-38-8131-3 (Soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-8132-0 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) ISSN-L 2242-1173 ISSN 2242-1173 (Print) ISSN 2242-1181 (Online)
Effect of Structural Parameters on Dimensional Stability and Spirality of Core Spun Cotton / Spandex Single Jersey and 1 x 1 Rib Structures

In this research, effect of structural parameters on dimensional stability and spirality variations of core spun CO-SP single jersey and 1x1 rib fabrics made with high, medium and low fabric tightness factors under various relaxation levels have studied and compared the results with the cotton fabrics. During relaxation treatments, structural spacing have reduced due to increase of wale and course densities and structural spacing were negatively correlates to fabric tightness factor and relaxation state. Lower structural spacing were reported by cotton-spandex weft knitted fabrics compared to cotton knitted fabrics. Higher stitch densities have given by cotton-spandex structures and it was positively correlated to fabric tightness and relaxation sate. Dimensional constants change with the relaxation level and higher values given by CO-SP structures than CO structures, even though they made with same stitch lengths. CO-SP single jersey and 1x1 rib structures could reach to a stable state faster than CO structures. Significantly lower spirality deformations have given by cotton-spandex fabrics compared to cotton fabrics and thus, 1x1 rib fabrics gave lower spirality angles than single jersey fabrics, even though they made with same fabric tightness. Spirality of deformations weft knitted fabrics were proportionate to TF-1 and relaxation level. Hence, mathematical models for spirality variations of cotton-spandex and cotton single jersey and 1x1 rib structures have developed.
Role of CBF/DREB Gene Expression in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. A Review

The population of the world is increasing rapidly and agricultural productions are decreasing due to several abiotic stresses. Plants are sessile organism respond to these stresses with expression of stress related genes. The ability of the plants to adjust an adverse condition has an impact on the survival, distribution and crops production. Various species are incapacitated or killed by abiotic stress and significantly reduced the plant growth and production. The Orthodox method of breeding is not very successful in improving the abiotic stress tolerance inessential crop plants including inter-generic and inter-specific hybridization. The current analyses providing complex transcriptional mechanism that works under abiotic stress. The modifications in gene expression in response to abiotic stresses are followed by escalations of metabolites, which provide protection against the damaging effects of abiotic stress. The adverse effect of stress induced severe cell damage due to dehydration. Stress signal is received by the receptor located at cell membrane and transducer to nucleus. It switches on stress responsive genes and transcription factors for facilitating stress tolerance. Expression of stress related genes are regulated by CBF/DREB (C-repeat binding factor/ dehydration-responsive element binding) transcription factors. Several molecular and physiological changes occur during stress which reveals that abiotic stress resistance is more complex and contains more than one pathway. The conclusions concise in the current review have shown latent applied applications for breeding of abiotic stress tolerance in crop appropriate to temperate environmental locations.
An MT Error-Driven Discriminative Word Lexicon using Sentence Structure Features

The Discriminative Word Lexicon (DWL) is a maximum-entropy model that predicts the target word probability given the source sentence words. We present two ways to extend a DWL to improve its ability to model the word translation probability in a phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) system. While DWLs are able to model the global source information, they ignore the structure of the source and target sentence. We propose to include this structure by modeling the source sentence as a bag-of-n-grams and features depending on the surrounding target words. Furthermore, as the standard DWL does not get any feedback from the MT system, we change the DWL training process to explicitly focus on addressing MT errors.
A Comparative Evaluation of Order-Revealing Encryption Schemes and Secure Range-Query Protocols

Database query evaluation over encrypted data can allow database users to maintain the privacy of their data while outsourcing data processing. Order-Preserving Encryption (OPE) and Order-Revealing Encryption (ORE) were designed to enable efficient query execution, but provide only partial privacy. More private protocols, based on Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE), Oblivious RAM (ORAM) or custom encrypted data structures, have also been designed. In this paper, we develop a framework to provide the first comprehensive comparison among a number of range query protocols that ensure varying levels of privacy of user data. We evaluate five ORE-based and five generic range query protocols. We analyze and compare them both theoretically and experimentally and measure their performance over database indexing and query evaluation. We report not only execution time but also I/O performance, communication amount, and usage of cryptographic primitive operations. Our comparison reveals some interesting insights concerning the relative security and performance of these approaches in database settings.
2D motion sensor with programmable feature extraction

Optic flow is commonly used to perform motion pattern detection and feature extraction. Previous work demonstrated a single-chip VLSI implementation of an optic flow sensor which can detect one-dimensional optical flow patterns. The novel sensor consists of an array of elementary motion detectors (EMDs) in conjunction with spatial weighting filters implemented using floating gate technology. Floating gate MOS transistors were used to program desired spatial weights as well as compensate for mismatch between EMDs. We report a new motion sensor which extends the previous work from a one-dimensional array of motion sensors to two orthogonal arrays in order to discern features of various two-dimensional motion patterns.
A new algorithm of signal subspace based IPR for direction of arrival estimation

A novel approach of signal subspace based improved polynomial roots (SS-IPR) for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is proposed. The new method uses signal subspace, instead of the original IPR method, to derive the coefficients of the polynomial for DOA estimation. When the number of signals is less compared with the array number, which is the most common situation in application, the computation burden and complexity can be reduced effectively. The theoretical derivation is given to formulate the new algorithm and simulations are conducted to show the validity and effectiveness of our method.
Impairment of stance control in children with sensory modulation disorder.

OBJECTIVE To compare stance control between children with sensory modulation disorder (SMD) and typically developing children in various visual and somatosensory conditions. METHOD Thirty-one children participated in this study, including 17 children with SMD and 14 matched typically developing children. The Sensory Profile was used to screen for sensory modulation problems, which were further confirmed by measures of electrodermal response and the Evaluation of Sensory Processing. Stance parameters for an assessment of postural stability were obtained with a dual-axis accelerometer on the lumbar area. RESULTS The children with SMD presented atypical sensory responses in terms of both electrophysiological and behavioral measures. The results for stance showed a greater body sway in the SMD group than in the control group (p < .05). However, the group difference was not always significant under the conditions of reliable somatosensory input and sway-referenced vision. CONCLUSION Our findings first confirmed impaired stance control in children with SMD.
A Multi-layer Composite Model for Human Pose Estimation

We introduce a new approach for part-based human pose estimation using multi-layer composite models, in which each layer is a tree-structured pictorial structure that models pose at a different scale and with a different graphical structure. At the highest level, the submodel acts as a person detector, while at the lowest level, the body is decomposed into a collection of many local parts. Edges between adjacent layers of the composite model encode cross-model constraints. This multi-layer composite model is able to relax the independence assumptions of traditional tree-structured pictorial-structure models while permitting efficient inference using dual-decomposition. We propose an optimization procedure for joint learning of the entire composite model. Our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on the challenging Parse and UIUC Sport datasets.
22 q 11 Gene dosage establishes an adaptive range for sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid signaling during early development

We asked whether key morphogenetic signaling pathways interact with 22q11 gene dosage to modulate the severity of cranial or cardiac anomalies in DiGeorge/22q1 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinoic acid (RA) signaling is altered in the brain and heart—clinically significant 22q11DS phenotypic sites—in LgDel mouse embryos, an established 22q11DS model. LgDel embryos treated with cyclopamine, an Shh inhibitor, or carrying mutations in Gli3, an Shh-signaling effector, have morphogenetic anomalies that are either not seen, or seen at significantly lower frequencies in control or single-mutant embryos. Similarly, RA exposure or genetic loss of RA function via heterozygous mutation of the RA synthetic enzyme Raldh2 induces novel cranial anomalies and enhances cardiovascular phenotypes in LgDel but not other genotypes. These changes are not seen in heterozygous Tbx1 mutant embryos—a 22q11 gene thought to explain much of 22q11DS pathogenesis—in which Shh or RA signaling has been similarly modified. Our results suggest that full dosage of 22q11 genes beyond Tbx1 establish an adaptive range for morphogenetic signaling via Shh and RA. When this adaptive range is constricted by diminished dosage of 22q11 genes, embryos are sensitized to otherwise benign changes in Shh and RA signaling. Such sensitization, in the face of environmental or genetic factors that modify Shh or RA signaling, may explain variability in 22q11DS morphogenetic phenotypes.