Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase Protein Mutations on Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Human Parainfluenza Type 2 Virus

ABSTRACT The monoclonal antibody M1-1A, specific for the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of human parainfluenza type 2 virus (HPIV2), blocks virus-induced cell-cell fusion without affecting the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. F13 is a neutralization escape variant selected with M1-1A and contains amino acid mutations N83Y and M186I in the HN protein, with no mutation in the fusion protein. Intriguingly, F13 exhibits reduced ability to induce cell-cell fusion despite its multistep replication. To investigate the potential role of HPIV2 HN protein in the regulation of cell-cell fusion, we introduced these mutations individually or in combination to the HN protein in the context of recombinant HPIV2. Following infection at a low multiplicity, Vero cells infected with the mutant virus H-83/186, which carried both the N83Y and M186I mutations, remained as nonfused single cells at least for 24 h, whereas most of the cells infected with wild-type virus mediated prominent cell-cell fusion within 24 h. On the other hand, the cells infected with the mutant virus, carrying either the H-83 or H-186 mutation, mediated cell-cell fusion but less efficiently than those infected with wild-type virus. Irrespective of the ability to cause cell-cell fusion, however, every virus could infect all the cells in the culture within 48 h after the initial infection. These results indicated that both the N83Y and M186I mutations in the HN protein are involved in the regulation of cell-cell fusion. Notably, the limited cell-cell fusion by H-83/186 virus was greatly promoted by lysophosphatidic acid, a stimulator of the Ras and Rho family GTPases.
Speech-oriented negative emotion recognition

Standard Back Propagation(BP) network is easily trapped into a local optimal solution. Two main approaches are commonly used to improve its appearance. One is to employ numerical optimization methods, this approach is simple and fast, but severe with computational storage, in addition could not guarantee convergence. Another is to employ gradient descent methods, this approach can achieve a global minimum with high probability, but more likely to cause oscillations, and the parameters are hard to determine. Motivated by the innovation character of human being, a simulation of this psychology phenomena is proposed to raise the probability of obtaining a global optimization and reducing oscillations, then a combination of the genetic algorithm and this innovation mechanism is introduced to deal with the initialization.
MRI of heel pain.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the normal anatomy of the posterior ankle and hindfoot and review the causes of heel pain, with attention to the clinical, radio-graphic, and MRI findings. CONCLUSION Heel pain is a common problem that may be due to a variety of soft-tissue and osseous abnormalities. Knowledge of the anatomy of the posterior ankle and hind-foot offers a useful way in approaching heel pain. Some of the more common causes include Achilles tendinosis, Haglund phenomenon, and plantar fasciitis. MRI offers superior soft-tissue contrast resolution and can be helpful in diagnosis as well as in presurgical planning.
Regulation of the seminiferous epithelium.

The development of male germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis involves three main phases: spermatogonial multiplication, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. In the seminiferous epithelium, cells in these developmental phases are arranged in defined associations or stages. Along the seminiferous tubules, these stages follow each other in regular fashion, giving rise to the wave of the seminiferous epithelium in most mammals. The time interval between the appearance of the same cell association at a given point of the tubule is called the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The dependence of spermatogenesis on pituitary FSH and on androgens secreted by Leydig cells in the testicular interstitial tissue is well documented. The somatic components of the seminiferous epithelium, the Sertoli cells, are the primary targets of these hormones. However, the local mechanisms, i.e. how Sertoli cells interact with the germ cells at various stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle, have remained poorly und.
Radiolysis of liquid methanol by Co60 gamma-radiation.

Previous reports on radiolysis of liquid methanol have compared G values for H2, CH4, CO, formaldehyde, and ethylene glycol obtained on irradiation by Co60 7-rays and 28-Mev He++ ions and have suggested some reaction schemes (1, 2). Yields of H2, HD, and D2 in studies of CH30D with Co60 7-rays have indicated that there are at least two mechanisms of hydrogen production, one of which may not involve free H atoms (3). The relationships between the various yields and the minimum requirements of any proposed mechanism have not been clearly defined, however. In the work here reported we have studied the effect of dose and iodine concentration on the yields of the various products and on the iodine disappearance. Also, some preliminary results on the effects of halide salts are described and interpreted.
Parnell elasticity with pre-stressed solids Hyperelastic cloaking theory : transformation

References pa.2012. 0123.full. html#ref-list-1 http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing. org/content/early/2012/05/18/rs This article cites 29 articles, 5 of which can be accessed free P<P Published online 23 May 2012 in advance of the print journal. Subject collections (42 articles) wave motion  (83 articles) mechanics  (213 articles) applied mathematics  Articles on similar topics can be found in the following collections Email alerting service here the box at the top right-hand corner of the article or click Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in
Filtering airborne laser scanning data with morphological methods

Filtering methods based on morphological operations have been developed in some previous studies. The biggest challenge for these methods is how to keep the terrain features unchanged while using large window sizes for the morphological opening. Zhang et al. (2003) tried to achieve this goal, but their method required the assumption that the slope is constant. This paper presents a new method to achieve this goal without such restrictions, and methods for filling missing data and removing outliers are proposed. The experimental test results using the ISPRS Commission III/WG3 dataset show that this method performs well for most sites, except those with missing data due to the lack of overlap between swaths. This method also shows encouraging results for laser data with low pulse density.
A Coding-Based Routing for Scalable MANET

In this paper, we present a novel approach for MANET routing that holds a potential to drastically increase scalability in terms of number of nodes (network size) and number of hops (network diameter). The new approach is founded on paradigm-shifting principles that are fundamentally scalable and secure. We first describe fundamental drawbacks of wire-based MANET routing protocols. Then, we lay out fundamental theories that overcome such drawbacks while inherently capturing the unique wireless characteristics and effectively supporting the evolving requirements of distributed network applications for military MANET user communities. Focusing on the fundamental aspects of the problem rather than "heuristics" provides us the maximum opportunity to extend the scalability of the new protocols over a wide range of scenarios and applications. Next, we describe high-level concepts of practical MANET routing protocols that build upon these fundamentals. We claim that these protocols are likely to be inherently scalable, robust and efficient because they leverage and exploit information-theoretic principles as well as the unique MANET characteristics rather than eliminate them in order to force the wired architecture. Preliminary simulation results show considerable performance gain over legacy MANET routing approach
Safety of human albumin as a constituent of biologic therapeutic products

his review reexamines the evidence for the virologic safety of human albumin products. This is important because HA is used in products such T as recombinant coagulation factors (factorVIII), recombinant hematopoietic factors recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte-colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin), interferons (interferon a-2b, interferon p1 b), streptokinase, and some vaccines. Inappropriate emphasis on the theoretical risks of transmitting infectious agents could lead to public and professional concerns. Reluctance to prescribe or receive products that contain HA may deprive patients of effective treatment or compromise important immunization programs. All the studies examining infectivity and virus inactivation in albumin products relate to the large doses of albumin given as infusion solutions (typically20 gldose unit). When used as an additive in formulating other products, doses of albumin (and presumably, therefore, of any contaminating agent) are approximately three orders of magnitude less. Thus, any evidence supporting the safety of HA should provide even greater reassurance about the safety of these small doses. This review is concentrated on studies of human recipients. Production factors influencing albumin safety are briefly summarized, and the reader is referred to reviews. *-4
SAGE and Maximum Entropy Algorithmic Comparison for adaptive antenna array calibration

Adaptive antenna arrays, also known as smart antennae, are becoming progressively a viable alternative to larger antenna structures in a wide number of different scenarios. However, in order to take full advantage of the arrays' interference rejection and SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) improvement capabilities, that is, in order to perform a correct signal beamforming via complex weights' manipulation, the antenna structure needs a precise calibration procedure. In this paper, two algorithms, based on efficient MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) and MEE (Maximum Entropy Estimation) are analyzed and simulated, in order to obtain their relative performance.
Priceless Tweets! A Study on Twitter Messages Posted During Crisis: Black Saturday

Twitter has been regarded as an outstanding social media application due to its immediacy in communication. Twitter has experienced exponential growth and been used for various purposes including crisis communication. However, there have been less empirical studies on Twitter messages (tweets) posted during crisis. In this paper, we analyse the tweets that were posted during Australia’s worst fire disaster Black Saturday. We propose a new coding scheme for tweets during crisis and propose further research into how Twitter can be used as an alternative communication tool during crisis to support official communications, in particular, reflecting ground level conditions. Further, we find that tweets made during Black Saturday are laden with actionable factual information which contrasts with earlier claims that tweets are of no value made of mere random personal notes.
Diatom based biosensor for high sensitive fluorescence detection based on a spin-on glass bonding technique

Diatom, with delicate nanoscale porous SiO2 structures, has a promising application in biosensing. We bond diatoms with SiO2 substrate using spin-on glass (SOG) as interlayer to acquire a high performance diatom based fluorescence detecting biosensor. As diatoms can improve proteins density, diatom based biosensors have higher sensitivity compared with traditional protein sensors. This biosensor is fully made of SiO2 which can be modified for biomass attachment. Nanoscale structures of bonded diatoms are better preserved than any related works. The highest bonding strength is 0.6 MPa. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) is attached on traditional protein sensors and diatom based biosensors as antibody. After hybridized with Cy3-goat anti-human IgG, the diatom based biosensor provides a fluorescence detection signal 2.5 times higher than the traditional one. Given improved fluorescence detecting sensitivity, this new kind of diatom based biosensor can be widely used for various protein detections.
University of Huddersfield Repository edge-control

Background: We have developed edge-control for the Precessions TM process suitable for fast fabrication of large mirror segments, and other applications sensitive to edge mis-figure. This has been applied to processing of European extremely large telescope (E-ELT) prototype mirror-segments, meeting the specification on maximum edge mis-figure. However we have observed residuals that have proved impossible to correct with this approach, being in part the legacy of asymmetries in the input edge-profiles. Methods: We have therefore compared different proposed methods experimentally and theoretically and report here on a new edge-rectification step, which operates locally on edges, does not disturb the completed bulk area. Results: A new toolpath has been developed and experiments have been carried out to demonstrate that local edge rectification can be carried out. Conclusions: With this method, the residue error on edges can be removed separately and has potential to reduce total process time.
LexA protein of Escherichia coli represses expression of the Tn5 transposase gene

The LexA protein of Escherichia coli represses expression of a variety of genes that, by definition, constitute the SOS regulon. Genetic evidence suggests that Tn5 transposition is also regulated by the product of the lexA gene (C.-T. Kuan, S.-K. Liu, and I. Tessman, Genetics 128:45-57, 1991). We now show that the LexA protein represses expression of the tnp gene, located in the IS50R component of Tn5, which encodes a transposase, and that LexA does not repress expression of the IS50R inh gene, which encodes an inhibitor of transposition. Elimination of LexA resulted in increased expression of the tnp gene by a factor of 2.7 +/- 0.4, as indicated by the activity of a lacZ gene fused to the tnp gene. LexA protein retarded the electrophoretic movement of a 101-bp segment of IS50R DNA that contained a putative LexA protein-binding site in the tnp promoter; the interaction between the LexA repressor and the promoter region of the tnp gene appears to be relatively weak. These features show that the IS50R tnp gene is a member of the SOS regulon.
Second-order Raman spectrum of AlSb from ab initio phonon calculations and evidence for overbending in the LO phonon branch.

The second-order Raman spectrum of AlSb in the G 1 symmetry has been calculated using ab initio phonons and phenomenological polarizability coefficients. The calculated spectrum agrees well with recent experimental data; both theory and experiment give clear evidence for the existence of an overbending in the highest frequency branch of the phonon dispersion with a saddle point at the G point as predicted by Giannozzi et al. @P. Giannozzi, S. de Gironcoli, P. Pavone, and S. Baroni, Phys. Rev. B 43, 7231 ~1991! #. This evidence is derived from a general discussion of the critical-point behavior. Furthermore, the overbending in AlSb is explained as an effect of the very different masses of the Al and Sb atoms in contrast to the overbending in diamond, whose origin lies in a peculiarity of the force constants. @S0163-1829~96! 09735-4#
Multimedia Smart Process (MSP)

Traditional development processes do not include dynamic and creative aspects that exist in multimedia development environments. In these domains, creativity, design and animation are non-functional requirements that have great relevance in the final product and are often not considered in the implementation of traditional software. In this article, we make a comparison of the main traditional development processes and their suitability to the domains of multimedia software, proposing as an alternative Multimedia Smart Process (MSP).
Development of an effective method of viral genomic RNA recovery from environmental silty sediments for quantitative molecular detection

Nine approaches to recover viral RNA from environmental silty sediments were newly developed and compared to quantify RNA viruses in sediments using molecular methods. Four of the nine approaches employed direct procedures for extracting RNA from sediments (direct methods), and the remaining five approaches used indirect methods wherein viral particles were recovered before RNA extraction. A direct method using an SDS buffer with EDTA to lyse viral capsids in sediments, phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol to extract RNA, isopropanol to concentrate RNA, and magnetic beads to purify RNA resulted in the highest recovery rate (geometric mean of 11% with a geometric standard deviation of 0.02, N=7) of poliovirus 1 (PV1) inoculated in an environmental sediment sample. The direct method exhibiting the highest PV1 recovery was applied to environmental sediment samples. One hundred eight sediment samples were collected from the Takagi River and its estuary from November 2007 to April 2009, and the genomic RNA of enterovirus and human norovirus in these samples was quantified by RT-qPCR. The human norovirus genome was detected in one sample collected at the bay although its concentration was below the quantification limit. Meanwhile, the enterovirus genome was detected in two samples at the river mouth and river at concentrations of 8.6 × 10 and 2.4 × 10 copies/g (wet), respectively. This is the first report to obtain the quantitative data of a human pathogenic virus in a river and estuarine sediments using RT-qPCR.
Mechanisms of Direct Inhibitory Action of Isoflurane on Vascular Smooth Muscle of Mesenteric Resistance Arteries

Background Isoflurane has been shown to directly inhibit vascular reactivity. However, less information is available regarding its underlying mechanisms in systemic resistance arteries. Methods Endothelium-denuded smooth muscle strips were prepared from rat mesenteric resistance arteries. Isometric force and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured simultaneously in the fura-2-loaded strips, whereas only the force was measured in the &bgr;-escin membrane-permeabilized strips. Results Isoflurane (3–5%) inhibited the increases in both [Ca2+]i and force induced by either norepinephrine (0.5 &mgr;m) or KCl (40 mm). These inhibitions were similarly observed after depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by ryanodine. Regardless of the presence of ryanodine, after washout of isoflurane, its inhibition of the norepinephrine response (both [Ca2+]i and force) was significantly prolonged, whereas that of the KCl response was quickly restored. In the ryanodine-treated strips, the norepinephrine- and KCl-induced increases in [Ca2+]i were both eliminated by nifedipine, a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, whereas only the former was inhibited by niflumic acid, a Ca2+-activated Cl− channel blocker. Isoflurane caused a rightward shift of the Ca2+-force relation only in the fura-2-loaded strips but not in the &bgr;-escin-permeabilized strips. Conclusions In mesenteric resistance arteries, isoflurane depresses vascular smooth muscle reactivity by directly inhibiting both Ca2+ mobilization and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Isoflurane inhibits both norepinephrine- and KCl-induced voltage-gated Ca2+ influx. During stimulation with norepinephrine, isoflurane may prevent activation of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels and thereby inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ influx in a prolonged manner. The presence of the plasma membrane appears essential for its inhibition of the myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.
Identical ITS-1 and ITS-2 Sequences Suggest Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) Constitute Morphologically Distinct Variants of a Single Species

Sequences of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA for adult males of Spiculopteragia asymmetrica and Spiculopteragia quadrispiculata in red deer (Cervus elaphus) were determined. They were found to be identical, suggesting that S. asymmetrica and S. quadrispiculata represent a single species and do not refute the concept of dimorphic species in the Spiculopteragia.
Cladosporium fulvum circumvents the second functional resistance gene homologue at the Cf‐4 locus (Hcr9‐4E ) by secretion of a stable avr4E isoform

Introgression of resistance trait Cf‐4 from wild tomato species into tomato cultivar MoneyMaker (MM‐Cf0) has resulted in the near‐isogenic line MM‐Cf4 that confers resistance to the fungal tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. At the Cf‐4 locus, five homologues of Cladosporium resistance gene Cf‐9 (Hcr9s) are present. While Hcr9‐4D represents the functional Cf‐4 resistance gene matching Avr4, Hcr9‐4E confers resistance towards C. fulvum by mediating recognition of the novel avirulence determinant Avr4E. Here, we report the isolation of the Avr4E gene, which encodes a cysteine‐rich protein of 101 amino acids that is secreted by C. fulvum during colonization of the apoplastic space of tomato leaves. By complementation we show that Avr4E confers avirulence to strains of C. fulvum that are normally virulent on Hcr9‐4E‐transgenic plants, indicating that Avr4E is a genuine, race‐specific avirulence determinant. Strains of C. fulvum evade Hcr9‐4E‐mediated resistance either by a deletion of the Avr4E gene or by production of a stable Avr4E mutant protein that carries two amino acid substitutions, Phe82Leu and Met93Thr. Moreover, we demonstrate by site‐directed mutagenesis that the single amino acid substitution Phe82Leu in Avr4E is sufficient to evade Hcr9‐4E‐mediated resistance.
A Multi-Dimensional Ontology Model for Product Lifecycle Knowledge Management

In discrete manufacturing companies, the knowledge existing throughout the product lifecycle (PL) should be managed effectively. Much explicit and implicit knowledge is produced in the different stages of product lifecycle or different production departments. In order to make the knowledge shared and reused among the workers of the enterprise, this paper focuses on: introducing the ontology into the knowledge management; proposing the multi-dimensional ontology model oriented PL; presenting the framework for multi-dimensional ontology based on product tree.
Posttranslational regulation of keratins: degradation of mouse and human keratins 18 and 8

Human keratin 18 (K18) and keratin 8 (K8) and their mouse homologs, Endo B and Endo A, respectively, are expressed in adult mice primarily in a variety of simple epithelial cell types in which they are normally found in equal amounts within the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Expression of K18 alone in mouse L cells or NIH 3T3 fibroblasts from either the gene or a cDNA expression vector results in K18 protein which is degraded relatively rapidly without the formation of filaments. A K8 cDNA containing all coding sequences was isolated and expressed in mouse fibroblasts either singly or in combination with K18. Immunoprecipitation of stably transfected L cells revealed that when K8 was expressed alone, it was degraded in a fashion similar to that seen previously for K18. However, expression of K8 in fibroblasts that also expressed K18 resulted in stabilization of both K18 and K8. Immunofluorescent staining revealed typical keratin filament organization in such cells. Thus, expression of a type I and a type II keratin was found to be both necessary and sufficient for formation of keratin filaments within fibroblasts. To determine whether a similar proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of K18 in fibroblasts also exists in simple epithelial cells which normally express a type I and a type II keratin, a mutant, truncated K18 protein missing the carboxy-terminal tail domain and a conserved region of the central, alpha-helical rod domain was expressed in mouse parietal endodermal cells. This resulted in destabilization of endogenous Endo A and Endo B and inhibition of the formation of typical keratin filament structures. Therefore, cells that normally express keratins contain a proteolytic system similar to that found in experimentally manipulated fibroblasts which degrades keratin proteins not found in their normal polymerized state.