Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Real-Time 4D Augmented Reality System for Modular Construction Progress Monitoring

Construction monitoring plays a vital role in modular construction practice, since faulty installation of individual parts could incur significant delays and extra cost to the project, modular construction eagerly requires a real time progress monitoring. Previous researchers tended to get as-built site data back at first, like making cloud points model or taking photos, and then use it to compare with as-designed BIM model. Such an approach cannot find any potential problem before it happens and will still bring unexpected economic loss and schedule delay. In converse thinking, this paper developed a real time 4D AR system for modular construction progress monitoring, which uses the as-designed AR model to compare with the as-built site, in which a markerless AR registration method is established to link the 4D BIM data with the as-built ones directly. In addition, mock up components are used as a scale model to validate the system. The result indicated that, the system can facilitate users to avoid possible errors by giving helpful assembly sequence monitoring and powerful tool for schedule control.
CHANGES IN DISCOURSE PRODUCTION FOLLOWING LEFT HEMISPHERE STROKE

Discourse is any unit of connected speech longer than a sentence, organized sequentially and logically, to effectively communicate a group of ideas to a listener (Kong, 2016). Discourse can become impaired following injury to the brain, resulting in either acute impairments that get better over time, or residual chronic communication impairments (e.g., aphasia). This study used a modified multi-level analysis developed by Marini and colleagues (2011, 2012, 2014, 2015) comprised of microlinguistic and macrolinguistic variables to examine whether acute left hemisphere stroke patients experience deficits in discourse and how those deficits change over time as reorganization and recovery takes place. A picture naming task and a narrative retell task were administered to 16 patients at bedside acutely (2-7 days post stroke), then again sub-acutely (1-3 months post stroke), and the results of the discourse measures were compared with the data of 14 control subjects. Results indicated that 69% of our population had some type of discourse deficit acutely, either microlinguistic or macrolinguistic, compared with the data from controls. For our population at the acute stage, 69% of subjects showed deficits on macrolinguistic aspects of discourse, whereas 50% of subjects showed deficits on microlinguistic aspects of discourse, indicating that macrolinguistic deficits were more prevalent for our cohort. A subset of subjects demonstrated significant macrolinguistic deficits without the presence of microlinguistic deficits. These results support previous aphasia research stating that aphasia batteries may not be sensitive enough to detect subtle discourse deficits in this population. Results also indicated a relationship between lexical retrieval (picture naming) and cohesion for the acute population, but correlations did not hold at the subacute time point due to subjects performing at ceiling on the naming measure. These data are supportive of the need for multilevel analysis to examine changes in discourse and show that discourse deficits may be missed using traditional aphasia batteries which detect primarily microlinguistic variables.
Research for concurrent program data race checking algorithm in control system

The designing methods of multithreaded have already been used in control system widely. However the problems of data race, which are brought by multithreaded program, are being the difficulty in control system designing and testing currently. To this end, we optimized the thread-state analysis, designed the conservative lockset analysis. Further, We have introduced the thread-state analysis and conservative lockset analysis methods into Happens-Before relationship algorithm, designed a quick data race detecting method (DHTC) for control system multithreaded program with a certain hardware universality. The DHTC reduces the false alarm rate of Happens-Before relationship detecting methods, meanwhile improves the efficiency of dynamic checking greatly.
FULL -WAVE MODEL FOR A LOUDSPEAKER

The modeling of the acoustic wave fields often provides addit ional information for acoustical measurements. In the case of long wavelengths, w ave problems can be modeled using full-wave type methods which include the finite el ement, finite difference and boundary element methods. Unfortunately, when the wavelen gth decreases, these traditional full-wave modeling techniques become increasingly expensive since a sufficient number of discretization points per wavelength (10 points p er wavelength is considered as the rule of thumb) is required to obtain a reliable solutio n. In addition, the numerical pollution due to the accumulation of phase error forces the u se of even more grid points per wavelength to keep the relative error of the solutions su fficiently low.
Some remarks on semirings

In this paper we prove the following results. (1) If R is a right M–semiring then every prime right ideal of R is finitely generated if and only if R is right noetherian. (2) If R is a right P–semiring then every prime right ideal of R is principal if and only if every right ideal of R is principal. (3) (Z, +, . ) is a noetherian semiring; thus we give a short and elementary proof of the main theorem of Allen and Dale [3]. (4) Let R be a strongly euclidean semiring. If I is a principal ideal of R then I is a partitioning ideal of R. All semirings in this paper have an identity element. We will use the terminology of [1] and [5]. Z will denote the set of all non–negative integers. A right ideal I of a semiring R is called subtractive (= k–right ideal) if a, a + b ∈ I, b ∈ R then b ∈ I. A semiring R is called right IS (= right k–semiring) if all its right ideals are subtractive. An ideal I of a semiring R is called a partitioning ideal (= Q–ideal) if there exists a subset Q of R such that 1. R = U{q + I : q ∈ Q}. 2. If q1, q2 ∈ Q then (q1 + I) ∩ (q2 + I) 6= ∅ if and only if q1 = q2. A right ideal I of a semiring R is called prime if AB ⊆ I, AI ⊆ I then A ⊆ I or B ⊆ I where A and B are right ideals of R. A semiring R is called right noetherian (resp., right artinian) if there exists no infinite properly ascending (resp., descending) sequence of right ideals I1 ⊂ I2 ⊂ I3 . (resp., I1 ⊃ I2 ⊃ I3 ⊃ . . .) of R. The following statements for a semiring R are equivalent: (1) R is right noetherian. (2) Every right ideal of R is finitely generated. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classif ication: 16Y60.
Analytical Surface Charge Method for Rotated Permanent Magnets: Boundary Element Method Comparison and Experimental Validation

This paper is concerned with the analytical calculation of the interaction force between two permanent magnets (PMs) under relative rotation by means of the surface charge method, taking into account the non-unity relative permeability of the PMs. This model combines high accuracy and short calculation time. As the considered PM configuration is a free-space, unbounded problem, the results from the surface charge method are compared with its numerical counterpart, the boundary element method. The analytical expressions were validated by means of the measurement results obtained from a 3-D printed test setup.
Chapter 3 Automated Algorithm Configuration and Parameter Tuning

Computationally challenging problems arise in the context of many applications, and the ability to solve these as efficiently as possible is of great practical, and often also economic, importance. Examples of such problems include scheduling, time-tabling, resource allocation, production planning and optimisation, computeraided design and software verification. Many of these problems are NP-hard and considered computationally intractable, because there is no polynomial-time algorithm that can find solutions in the worst case (unless NP=P). However, by using carefully crafted heuristic techniques, it is often possible to solve practically relevant instances of these ‘intractable’ problems surprisingly effectively (see, e.g., 55, 3, 54) 1. The practically observed efficacy of these heuristic mechanisms remains typically inaccessible to the analytical techniques used for proving theoretical complexity results, and therefore needs to be established empirically, on the basis of carefully designed computational experiments. In many cases, state-of-the-art performance is achieved using several heuristic mechanisms that interact in complex, non-intuitive ways. For example, a DPLL-style complete solver for SAT (a prototypical NPcomplete problem with important applications in the design of reliable softand hardware) may use different heuristics for selecting variables to be instantiated and the values first explored for these variables, as well as heuristic mechanisms for managing and using logical constraints derived from failed solution attempts. The activation, interaction and precise behaviour of those mechanisms is often controlled by parameters, and the settings of such parameters have a substantial impact on the
Quantification of deformation-induced α ’-martensite content in Fe-19 Cr3 Mn-4 Ni-0 . 15 C0 . 17 N austenitic stainless steel by in-situ magnetic measurements

The paramagnetism of austenite and the ferromagnetism of α’-martensite in Fe-Cr-Mn-Ni steels enable the determination of the deformation-induced α’-martensite content with the aid of magnetic based methods. For this purpose, an in-situ magnetic measurement system was devised to determine the kinetics of deformation-induced martensite formation during tensile tests at 0°C of a Fe-19Cr-3Mn-4Ni-0.15C-0.17N (wt.-%) steel. The magnetic measurement system consisted of an electromagnetic field which serves to magnetize the martensitic phase as it formed during tensile loading and a second coil which detected the effective electrical potential difference induced by the magnetization of martensite. To implement the in-situ measurement system, a correlation was necessary between the induced electrical potential difference and the deformation-induced martensite fractions during uniaxial static tensile tests. The correlation was found by performing interrupted tensile tests followed by light optical microscopy (LOM) examinations and magnetic saturation measurements (MSAT) in an exsitu unit in order to quantify the delta ferrite and martensite fractions. The main advantage of the new configuration compared to a conventional Feritscope is that the information’s collected are representative of the entire volume and the results are insensitive to surface conditions such as roughness and the presence of oxides.
OUTLINE OF STRONG-MOTION EVALUATION IN SEISMIC HAZARD MAPPING PROJECT OF JAPAN

The National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) has carried on the special research project ‘National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project of Japan’ to support the preparation of the National Seismic Hazard Maps made by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion. The seismic hazard maps consist of two kinds of hazard maps. One kind of hazard map is a probabilistic seismic hazard map that shows information predicting possibility that a certain area is attacked by a strong ground motion in a certain term by means of probability. The other kind of hazard map is a scenario earthquake map with a specified seismic fault. As the first step in preparations for producing the seismic hazard maps, which are scheduled to be completed by the end of fiscal year 2004, preliminary versions of the probabilistic seismic hazard maps for restricted regions and seismic hazard maps for several scenario earthquakes have been made. In this article, the outline of methodologies to evaluate strong-motion distributions both for the probabilistic seismic hazard maps and for the scenario seismic hazard maps is presented.
Linear Operator Based Motion Detection

This paper proposes a novel method to detect moving objects in a continuous video sequence. A simple linear operator based classifier, is implemented to separate target objects from their background. It also estimates stochastic parameters for each pixel of the image. The output data exhibits a frame categorization sanctioning a simple and efficient pixel-level transition identification framework. The degree of similarity between adjacent pixels and their relationship, neighbourhood can be utilized for precise detection. This paper explores the aforesaid inference to establish a spatiotemporal systematic alignment of the leaf level solution. This method accomplishes sturdiness and exactitude, with memory utilization and a highly efficient computational structure.
Development of an Improved Algorithm for Image Processing: A Proposed Algorithm for Optimal Reduction of Shadow from the Image

Shadow detection is the most important aspect in the field of image processing. It has become essential to develop such algorithms that are capable of processing the images with the maximum efficiency. Therefore, the research has aimed to propose an algorithm that effectively processes the image on the basis of shadow reduction. An algorithm has been proposed, which was based on RGB (red, green, and blue) and HIS (hue, saturation and intensity) model. Steps for Shadow detection have been defined. Median filter and colour saturation have been widely used to process the outcomes. Algorithm has proved efficient for the detection of shadow from the images. It was found efficient when compared with two previously developed algorithms. 87% efficiency has been observed, implementing the proposed algorithm as compared to the algorithms implemented previously by other researchers. The study proved to make a supportive effort in the development of optimized algorithm. It has been suggested that the market requires such practices that can be used to improve the working conditions of the image processing paradigm.
Modeling and Trajectory Control of a Transitioning Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter

A comparison study between modeling approaches of a quadrotor biplane tailsitter aircraft is conducted. A blade element theory model with dynamic inflow is used to validate a reduced order model that incorperates a simple interference model for trajectory planning and dynamic simulation. With an appropriate interference model, the predicted power requirement through transition from hover to forward flight drops by 30-45% as the interference velocity reduces the effective angle of attack for the wing. A trajectory generation scheme is developed, which shows the importance of accurate stall modeling for the transition maneuver. Without interference modeling all transition trajectories are expected to violate the installed motor power limit or pass through an excessively stalled wing state (> 60°). The interference model dynamics are used to design a trajectory that avoids stall of the aircraft by adding a vertical climb element to the transition maneuver. A transition controller is linear dynamic inversion transition controller is described for inner loop stability over the entire flight regime.
Synthesis and evaluating cardiac effects of 3 , 4-dihydropyrimidin-2one-5-carboxylates in isolated atria of animal model

The synthesis and cardiac activity of four 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one-5 carboxylates are reported. We synthesized 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) by Biginelli reaction using classic and microwave methods and the yield of these methods compared with each other. Then cardiotonic activity of four derivatives of DHPMs was investigated on isolated perfused right atria. Compound 2b had significant chronotropic effect in comparison to negative control at concentration of 0.01M.
FDTD investigation on electromagnetic scattering from the PEC cylinder above two-layered rough surfaces

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach for electromagnetic scattering characteristic from a 2D infinitely long PEC cylinder above two-layered 1D randomly rough surfaces is presented. The statistical average of the bistatic scattering cross section is computed based on the Monte Carlo simulations for the different polarizations.The numerical results show that the roughness and dielectric constant of two-layered surfaces have a significant effect on the composite scattering cross section.
Models in Policy-Making

• Because of the lag in the effect of monetary policy on spending and inflation, policy decisions are necessarily based upon an uncertain view of how the future will unfold. • At the Bank of Canada, the staff use economic models mainly to help construct forecasts of the most likely evolution of the Canadian economy, particularly the extent of future inflationary pressures. Many of these models also produce recommended paths for the target overnight interest rate. • Economic models represent a deliberate abstraction from a complex reality. They combine those behavioural relationships believed to be responsible for the bulk of macroeconomic fluctuations, while omitting those deemed less important. This process of differentiation allows economists to make predictions that are reasonably accurate and that can be more easily understood and communicated. • The models used at the Bank are flexible tools that can be adapted to incorporate different assumptions or additional information obtained from other sources. • A multiple-model approach helps to mitigate the effects of model uncertainty. As central bankers go about their day-to-day business of implementing monetary policy, they must look ahead and anticipate what is likely to happen down the road. They have to work with assumptions and make judgment calls about future economic developments and about the timing and final outcome of any monetary policy action they take. David Dodge, Governor of the Bank of Canada (26 June 2001)
Image processing strategy used for simulated phosphene map of artificial vision

Phosphene generating mechanism is the most important theoretical foundation and key technology for artificial vision. Simulating the mapping relationship between visual image information and limited phosphene maps remains a difficult problem. To satisfy the practical requirement of clinical trials, we present an image processing strategy for simulated phosphene map. Based on block segmentation, a reducing pixelated image processing method is proposed. Meanwhile, an electrode intensity control strategy based on brightness grading is carried out as well. Finally spatial response experiment is performed on the artificial vision platform based on DSP to prove the algorithm availability. The experiment indicates that under the premise of ensuring the electrode stimulation accuracy, this system can precisely extract the brightness information of the pixel block and the contour information and transform them into electrode stimulus. The speed of the image processing strategy based on DSP is up to 30 frames per second after being optimized, which meets the real time needs of visual centers system completely.
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts PROBABILISTIC LEARNING BY REINFORCEMENT AND APPROACH OF REWARD VERSUS AVOIDANCE OF PUNISHMENT IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER

Worry research suggests that those with GAD may bear differential learning tendencies compared to controls, such as greater learning by 1) negative reinforcement over positive reinforcement and 2) avoidance of punishment over approach of rewards. The current study used computerized implicit cognitive tasks with probabilistic reinforcement to determine if such differences exist. 157 participants, 59 GAD and 98 non-GAD, took a modified version of the Probabilistic Learning Task (PLT) to study negative vs. positive reinforcement learning and the standard Probabilistic Selection Task (PST) to study approach vs. reward learning. In our specially designed PLT, participants chose between stimuli with specific probabilities of reinforcement, learning over time which of each pair had the highest probability. Correct choices in the negative condition removed an angry face, whereas those in the positive condition made a happy face appear. The unaltered, classic PST design was used. Results showed that compared to non-GADs, those with GAD learned at a significantly slower rate over time and to a lesser degree on both probabilistic tasks both implicitly and explicitly, regardless of condition. Marginally significant explicit learning effects suggested that those with GAD had poorer learning via positive reinforcement than did non-GADs, especially when reward probability was high. No significant findings arose regarding avoidance vs. approach learning. Reaction time differences were minimal to absent. Those with GAD may have deficits in probabilistic learning, facilitating the use of unlikely fearful expectations to buffer against negative emotional shifts. They may also learn worse by positive reinforcement than those without GAD.
Cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an obesity prevention programme for Chinese primary school-aged children: the CHIRPY DRAGON study protocol

Introduction Childhood obesity in China has increased more rapidly and over a shorter time period than in other countries. However, there is a paucity of rigorously developed and evaluated prevention interventions. We aim to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness as well as the implementation process of a complex multicomponent intervention developed using the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) framework. This study provides one of the first examples of rigorous development and evaluation of a childhood obesity prevention programme in a non-western population using the MRC methods. Methods and analysis A cluster-randomised controlled trial in 40 primary schools in Guangzhou, China, including children aged 6–7 years at baseline. Schools will be randomly allocated to either the usual practice (n=20) or intervention arm (n=20). The 12-month intervention consists of four components targeting diet and physical activity behaviours in and outside school, with family involvement. The primary objective is to compare the difference in mean body mass index (BMI) z-score between the intervention and control arms at the end of the intervention (starting March/April 2017). A sample size of 1640 pupils recruited from 40 schools is sufficient to detect a difference of 0.17 units in the mean BMI z-score with a power of 80% (ICC=0.01. ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient) and a significance level of 5%. Treatment effects will be tested using a mixed linear model in STATA adjusting for the child baseline BMI z-score and clustering by school. All analyses will be by intention to treat. Secondary analyses will additionally adjust for prespecified school-level and child-level covariates. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the intervention versus usual practice will be ‘cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY)’. Cost per change in BMI z-score will also be assessed. A range of methods will be used to evaluate intervention implementation, mechanisms of impact and contextual factors. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the Life and Health Sciences Ethical Review Committee at the University of Birmingham and the Ethical Committee of Guangzhou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. The primary, secondary, process evaluation and economic evaluation results of the trial will be disseminated through relevant international peer-reviewed journals and conferences. Trial registration number ISRCTN11867516; Pre-results.
HIV infection among pregnant women in Nigeria

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria Department of Population and International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Bldg 1 Room 1105, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA