Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Devising an Architectural Framework for Enterprise Operating Systems

One often observes that despite the efforts involved on information systems development, many times the achieved solutions do not comply well with the needs of the organization and lack in change agility to face new emerging requirements. This paper conceptualizes about an architectural framework specifically designed for explaining and representing the working environment of enterprise operating systems (EOS) and non-EOS information systems (IS) that depend on it. With these concerns in mind, the goal of EOS is to capture and control all phenomena that occur in an organization and then to provide all the required data for all IS for that organization. Using a computer engineering metaphor, this paper defines the theoretical foundations, and the methodology to design and implement an operating system for organizations. To achieve this, EOS is a model-driven dynamically. The models are based on domain ontology with C4-ness qualities and expressed in ontological language. It will be shown that the theory of enterprise ontology and the DEMO methodology provide a high degree of ontological appropriateness for this domain. This paper, outline a framework with its foundations, concepts, principles and stratification of IS, which is a radical new approach, useful to discussion this solution among the practitioners. A methodology to apply this architectural framework is discussed using a professional production case management.
Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA That Head Lice and Body Lice of Humans (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae) are Conspecific

Abstract The specific status of the head and body lice of humans has been debated for more than 200 yr. To clarify the specific status of head and body lice, we sequenced 524 base pairs (bp) of the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of 28 head and 28 body lice from nine countries. Ten haplotypes that differed by 1–5 bp at 11 nucleotide positions were identified. A phylogeny of these sequences indicates that these head and body lice are not from reciprocally monophyletic lineages. Indeed, head and body lice share three of the 10 haplotypes we found. FST values and exact tests of haplotype frequencies showed significant differences between head and body lice. However, the same tests also showed significant differences among lice from different countries. Indeed, more of the variation in haplotype frequencies was explained by differences among lice from different countries than by differences between head and body lice. Our results indicate the following: (1) head and body lice do not represent reciprocally monophyletic lineages and are conspecific; (2) gene flow among populations of lice from different countries is limited; and (3) frequencies of COI haplotypes can be used to study maternal gene flow among populations of head and body lice and thus transmission of lice among their human hosts.
Revitalization Jakarta One Stop Service Office as an Effort to Improve doing Business Rating in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze revitalization undertaken Kantor Pelayanan Satu Pintu (One Stop Office) in Jakarta in 2012. Qualitative approach in this study uses literature study, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and review of secondary data for collecting data. The results showed that the One Stop Office has been revitalized in six steps, namely: (1) the mechanisms and procedures for licensing, (2) breakthrough shortcuts to shorten the chain procedures / chain bureaucracy, (3) power and freedom innovation in services, (4) up to front line services level decentralization, (5) understanding the governance services policy, and (6) customer communications and research conducted continuously. The study find some issues that should become concern in the Jakarta One Stop Office, they are: (1) bureaucracy makes licensing services still felt hard, (2) the licensing service still requires a long time because of the "freeze time", (3) the user has not prioritized services on line in handling licensing permits, (4) still dominates the middleman user serviceability, (5) there is still a mutually symbiosis between the customer and the middleman. To achieve a better revitalization, the One Stop Office of Central Jakarta should minimize corruption among local police officers with service bureau or brokers. In addition, the management of public services needs to be made related to the presence of the role of middleman that does not adversely impact the delivery of services in the field of licensing Jakarta as the capital of the Republic of Indonesia, so the rank Doing Business in Indonesia may increase
The Fair Credit Reporting Act

As a public service, the staff of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has prepared the following complete text of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), 15 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq. Although staff generally followed the format of the U.S. Code as published by the Government Printing Office, the format of this text does differ in minor ways from the Code (and from West's U.S. Code Annotated). For example, this version uses FCRA section numbers (§§ 601-625) in the headings. (The relevant U.S. Code citation is included with each section heading and each reference to the FCRA in the text.)
The relationship between motor symptom lateralization and cognitive performance in newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients with Parkinson's disease

The side of motor symptom predominance may influence cognitive performance in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD): PD patients with right-side motor symptom predominance typically present difficulties in tasks of language and verbal memory, whereas PD patients with left-side motor symptom predominance typically present difficulties in visuospatial tasks. The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between motor symptom lateralization and cognitive performance in PD patients without the possible confounding effect of dopaminergic drugs, which may enhance or impair cognition on the basis of assessed function and disease stage. From the initial sample of 137 consecutive newly diagnosed drug-naïve (de novo) PD patients, clinical follow-ups and neurological examinations identified 108 right-handed patients with a unilateral motor presentation or a clear motor asymmetry (59 right-PD: 54.6%; 49 left-PD: 45.4%). Any cognitive difference emerged between right-PD patients and left-PD patients at this disease stage. Scores of lateralized motor impairment severity correlated with some cognitive performances: Right motor impairment correlated with a measure of set shifting (Trail Making Test B–A), and left motor impairment correlated with phonemic fluency and tasks with visuospatial material (Colored Progressive Matrices of Raven, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy and Immediate Recall). Findings of the current study supported the conclusion that the side of clinical motor predominance scarcely influences cognition in the early untreated stages of PD, suggesting that cognitive differences between subgroups of lateralized PD patients probably may appear in more advanced disease stages.
Control of Flagellar Gene Regulation in Legionella pneumophila and Its Relation to Growth Phase

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila responds to environmental changes by differentiation. At least two forms are well described: replicative bacteria are avirulent; in contrast, transmissive bacteria express virulence traits and flagella. Phenotypic analysis, Western blotting, and electron microscopy of mutants of the regulatory genes encoding RpoN, FleQ, FleR, and FliA demonstrated that flagellin expression is strongly repressed and that the mutants are nonflagellated in the transmissive phase. Transcriptome analyses elucidated that RpoN, together with FleQ, enhances transcription of 14 out of 31 flagellar class II genes, which code for the basal body, hook, and regulatory proteins. Unexpectedly, FleQ independent of RpoN enhances the transcription of fliA encoding sigma 28. Expression analysis of a fliA mutant showed that FliA activates three out of the five remaining flagellar class III genes and the flagellar class IV genes. Surprisingly, FleR does not induce but inhibits expression of at least 14 flagellar class III genes on the transcriptional level. Thus, we propose that flagellar class II genes are controlled by FleQ and RpoN, whereas the transcription of the class III gene fliA is controlled in a FleQ-dependent but RpoN-independent manner. However, RpoN and FleR might influence flagellin synthesis on a posttranscriptional level. In contrast to the commonly accepted view that enhancer-binding proteins such as FleQ always interact with RpoN to fullfill their regulatory functions, our results strongly indicate that FleQ regulates gene expression that is RpoN dependent and RpoN independent. Finally, FliA induces expression of flagellar class III and IV genes leading to the complete synthesis of the flagellum.
Effects of exogenous human insulin dose adjustment on body mass index in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa, 2009 - 2014.

BACKGROUND To maintain fasting blood glucose levels within near to the normal range in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), frequent insulin dose adjustments may be required with short-, intermediate- and long-acting insulin formulations. Patients on human insulin generally experience weight gain over time, regardless of the level of glycaemic control achieved. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of human insulin, adjusted quarterly to achieve glycaemic control, on body mass index (BMI), and establish dose regimens that achieve optimal glycaemic control without increasing BMI in patients with type 1 DM at the Kalafong Diabetes Clinic in Pretoria, South Africa. METHODS The sample size (N=211, 48.8% male) was obtained by non-probability convenience sampling of all available records of patients with type 1 DM aged ≥18 years at baseline at the clinic. The longitudinal relationships of covariates with time-varying BMI, as well as with time-varying glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, were explored using multilevel mixed-effects linear regression modelling. RESULTS The majority of the patients (84.8%) received the twice-daily biphasic human insulin regimen and the remainder received the basal neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) plus prandial regular human insulin regimen. The multivariable multilevel mixed-effects linear regression model indicated that time-varying BMI was significantly positively related to time-varying twice-daily biphasic insulin dosage (β (standard error) 0.464 (0.190), p=0.015), baseline HbA1c (0.092 (0.026), p<0.001) and baseline BMI (0.976 (0.016), p<0.001). There were significant inverse associations with the number of years spent in the study (-0.108 (0.052), p=0.038), time-varying HbA1c (-0.154 (0.031), p<0.001) and male sex (-0.783 (0.163), p<0.001). There were non-significant negative longitudinal associations of age (-0.005 (0.006), p=0.427) and current smoking status (-0.231 (0.218), p=0.290) with BMI outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence that optimal quarterly-prescribed daily dosage adjustments of insulin improved and maintained blood glucose control without increasing body weight. When compared with the basal NPH plus prandial insulin regimen, twice-daily biphasic insulin was associated with a statistically significant increase in subsequent BMI. Baseline HbA1c and BMI were also significantly positively associated with time-varying BMI. However, males appeared to be at a lower risk than females of an increase in BMI during insulin therapy. A question for further research is whether the analogue insulins will be associated with the same increase in BMI, as well as the same modest improvements in HbA1c, seen in this sample.
Insights into the naturally acquired immune response to Plasmodium vivax malaria

SUMMARY Plasmodium vivax is the most geographically widespread of the malaria parasites causing human disease, yet it is comparatively understudied compared with Plasmodium falciparum. In this article we review what is known about naturally acquired immunity to P. vivax, and importantly, how this differs to that acquired against P. falciparum. Immunity to clinical P. vivax infection is acquired more quickly than to P. falciparum, and evidence suggests humans in endemic areas also have a greater capacity to mount a successful immunological memory response to this pathogen. Both of these factors give promise to the idea of a successful P. vivax vaccine. We review what is known about both the cellular and humoral immune response, including the role of cytokines, antibodies, immunoregulation, immune memory and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss where the future lies in terms of advancing our understanding of naturally acquired immunity to P. vivax, through the use of well-designed longitudinal epidemiological studies and modern tools available to immunologists.
Acute effects of scapular Kinesio Taping® on shoulder rotator strength, ROM and acromiohumeral distance in asymptomatic overhead athletes.

BACKGROUND There is limited information in the literature that shows whether scapular taping has an effect on the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and shoulder functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of scapular Kinesio Taping® on shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength, IR and ER range of motion (ROM) and AHD in asymptomatic overhead athletes. METHODS Forty-one volleyball athletes (24 men, 17 women; mean age: 16.1±1.5 years, body mass: 66.5±9.6 kg, body height: 179.6±8.4 cm, Body Mass Index: 20.5±2.3 kg/m2, time participating in overhead sports activity: 6.2±1.4 h/week, experience in sport: 4.1±2.4 years) were included in this study. Shoulder IR and ER ROM, total rotation ROM, AHD, shoulder isometric IR and ER strength and ER:IR strength ratio of the dominant side were tested before and after taping. RESULTS Scapular taping increased the shoulder IR (P<0.001) and total ROM (P<0.001), AHD (P<0.001), shoulder IR (P=0.002) and ER (P=0.006) strength. ER ROM and ER:IR ratio did not change after taping (P=0.26, P=0.98, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that scapular taping could be an effective method for enhancing the acromiohumeral distance, shoulder rotator strength and range of motion. Therefore, scapular taping could be recommended for not only in the asymptomatic athletes' shoulder exercise training but also in the prevention of subacromial impingement syndrome.
Insider Econometrics: Empirical Studies of How Management Matters

This paper describes an approach for conducting empirical research into three interrelated questions that are fundamental to the field of organizational economics: 1. Why do firms in the same industry adopt different management practices? 2. Does the adoption of a new management practice raise productivity? 3. If so, why does the new management practice raise productivity? This research approach, which we term insider econometrics, addresses these questions by combining insights from industry insiders with rigorous econometric tests about the adoption and productivity effects of new management practices using rich industry-specific data. Understanding the selectivity in the adoption and coverage of different management practices within a single industry is central to this empirical research methodology. The paper considers a number of studies to illustrate persuasive features of insider econometric research and summarizes a number of themes emerging from this line of research.
CTLA4IgG treatment induces long-term acceptance of rat small bowel allografts.

BACKGROUND CTLA4 immunoglobulin (Ig)G that binds to B7 effectively inhibits the signaling of CD28/CTLA4-B7 pathway and induces antigen specific T cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. Using CTLA4IgG, we examined induction of long-term graft survival and the mechanism of maintenance of tolerance in rat allogeneic small bowel transplantation. METHODS Small bowels of Brown-Norway rats (RT1n) were heterotopically transplanted into Lewis rats (RT1l). Recipients were treated with an i.p. injection of either CTLA4IgG or control IgG for 7 days. RESULTS Long-term survival was observed in rats treated with CTLA4IgG, whereas control rats died within 16 days after transplantation. To examine whether a tolerant state was established in long-term survival rats, secondary transplantation was performed using small bowels of Brown-Norway rats or ACI (RT1b) rats. It was demonstrated that small bowels of Brown-Norway rats were accepted; however, those of ACI rats were rejected within 10 days. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4 were maintained at >50 microg/ml for 7 days after transplantation in rats treated with CTLA4IgG but <15 microg/ml in control rats. IL-2 concentration was reduced to half in CTLA4IgG-treated rats compared with that in control recipients. Serum IFN-gamma in CTLA4IgG-treated recipients increased after transplantation and was not distinguishable from that of control recipients during the first 7 days after transplantation. Conclusion. We demonstrated that CTLA4IgG treatment alone for 7 days induced a long-term donor specific tolerance in rat allogeneic small bowel transplantation. The induction of long-term acceptance of small bowel allografts by CTLA4IgG is not caused by simply the shift of anti-alloimmune responses from Thl to Th2 cytokine production.
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C . ST I E B E R , 2 A . S . GRUMACH , 4 E . CORDE I RO R . N. CONSTANT INO-S I L VA S . BARTH , 2 P . HOF FMANN , 2 , 5 J . B . P E SQUERO T . RENN E , 8 M.M. N € OTHEN , 2 S . C I CHON , 2 , 5 Institute of Human Genetics and Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Germany Outpatient Group of Recurrent Infections and Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Center of Research, Faculty of Medicine ABC, S~ao Paulo, Brazil Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland Department of Biophysics, Federal University of S~ao Paulo, S~ao Paulo, Brazil Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Clinical Chemistry/Central Laboratories, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany Correspondence: Sven Cichon. E-mail: sven.cichon@usb.ch
Islet Autoantibodies in Cord Blood from Patients who developed Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus at 15–30 Years of Age

Islet cell autoantibodies are early markers for type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether islet autoantibodies were present at birth in young adults who developed type 1 diabetes at 15–30 years of age. Cord blood sera from 30 patients who developed type 1 diabetes between 15 and 25 years of age and sera from 320 randomly selected control children were tested for islet cell antibodies (ICA) by indirect immunofluorescence and autoantibodies against the 65 kD isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet cell antigen-2 (IA-2A) and insulin (IAA) by radiobinding assays. The young adults who developed type 1 diabetes did not differ from controls in the cord blood prevalence of any of the four islet autoantibodies. This is in contrast to our previous findings that children who developed type 1 diabetes below 15 years of age had an increased prevalence of cord blood islet autoantibodies. Our present data suggest that, in contrast to children, pre- and perinatal risk factors are less likely to be involved in the development of type 1 diabetes in young adults.
A Contingency Theory of Internal Reorganization: Risk and Output Management

Organizations have sometimes been observed to reallocate control rights horizontally or vertically. Evidence suggests that they do this in response to certain kinds of internal or external challenges. Grounded in the contingency theory, this paper develops a theory of the vertical reallocation of control rights using the incomplete contract approach. We show that a reallocation of control rights, in particular the output management and risk management functions, can be an effective business adaptation when certain challenges emerge. A general conclusion is that when the business environment for the firm improves, it should decentralize control rights to encourage work incentives; when the business environment worsens, the firm should centralize. A recent study by Dass, Nanda and Wang (2013) offers empirical support for our theory.
Health professionals’ perceptions of cultural influences on stroke experiences and rehabilitation in Kuwait

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of health professionals who treat stroke patients in Kuwait regarding cultural influences on the experience of stroke and rehabilitation in Kuwait. Health professionals interviewed were from a variety of cultural backgrounds thus providing an opportunity to investigate how they perceived the influence of culture on stroke recovery and rehabilitation in Kuwait. Method: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 health professionals with current/recent stroke rehabilitation experience in Kuwait, followed by thematic analysis of the verbatim transcripts. Results: The health professionals identified several features of the Kuwaiti culture that they believed affected the experiences of stroke patients. These were religious beliefs, family involvement, limited education and public information about stroke, prevailing negative attitudes toward stroke, access to finances for private treatment, social stigma and the public invisibility of disabled people, difficulties identifying meaningful goals for rehabilitation, and an acceptance of dependency linked with the widespread presence of maids and other paid assistants in most Kuwaiti homes. Conclusion: To offer culturally sensitive care, these issues should be taken into account during the rehabilitation of Kuwaiti stroke patients in their home country and elsewhere. Implications for Rehabilitation Health professionals need to tailor therapy to the patient’s and family’s model of rehabilitation, which may vary with their cultural background. Health professionals may need to be mindful that the presence of house maids and privately hired nursing staff may decrease the motivation of people to engage in rehabilitation after stroke. Cultural variations in degree of family involvement, prevailing negative attitudes towards stroke, and acceptance of dependency should be taken into consideration by stroke rehabilitation professionals.
Investment and Environmental Regulation: Evidence on the Role of Cash Flow

We exploit the heterogeneity in pollution permits allocation and the variation in the permits price to identify a new channel by which cap-and-trade programs can affect firm decisions: they may affect investment through the impact of free pollution permits on the firms cash flow. A firm with a permit allocation higher than its emissions will have a higher cash inflow if the price of permits increases, whereas a firm whose emissions are higher than its permit allocation will have a higher cash outflow if the price of permits increases. In the margin they are both paying the same for pollution but the cash flow consequences of the change in permit prices differ. Using data from investor-owned utilities participating in the US SO2 program, we find that for smaller firms the permit cash flow is positively related to capital expenditures. Small firms with a high permit cash flow invest more tan small firms with a lower permit cash flow. This effect is consistent with smaller firms in this industry facing financial constraints.