Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Web Service Validation Enabling Test-Driven Development of Service-Oriented Applications

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is an important software development practice that enables rapid iterations, refactoring, and improved quality. Supporting TDD can be difficult when building Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) applications, since standard test frameworks often do not have capabilities for performing and validating Web service (WS) calls; invoking Web services depends on running and connecting to a service container; and services and clients often have entirely separate implementations. In this paper we present case studies of two SOA applications we developed, GRIDL[i] and TxFlow. These are distributed, multi-language applications using Web services as the interface between service and client components. They implement Web service and client tests both for verification and validation of the application components and to facilitate the TDD process. Our approach to Web service testing to support TDD is easily reproducible in any SOA application without requiring significant development effort or changes to the software design.
Evolution of Universities and Government Policy: the case of South Korea

This paper investigates the two academic revolutions of the Korean higher education system. Since economic catch-up began in the 1960s, Korea has strongly encouraged the activities of its higher education system to serve industrial development as it has progressed through various developmental stages. At the 'strong regulation' stage, universities focused on the provision of technicians. As the need for higher education grew, the 'massive expansion' stage emerged. Finally, most recently, university research and its direct contribution to the economy have been invigorated by strong governmental support. Possibly, this is due to the fact that the Korean government has strongly controlled not only industry but also academia. As long as other East Asian universities have similar conditions to those of the development of Korean universities, we can generalise this model not only to universities in other East Asian countries, but also to universities in other rapid catch-up countries. Keyword Academic revolution, universities, government policy, catch-up, South Korea
Arthroscopy and Endoscopy of the Ankle and Hindfoot

Ankle arthroscopy provides the surgeon with a minimally invasive treatment option for a wide variety of indications such as impingement, osteochondral defects, loose bodies, ossicles, synovitis, adhesions, and instability. Posterior ankle pathology can be treated using endoscopic hindfoot portals. These posteromedial and lateral hindfoot portals provide excellent access to the posterior aspect of the ankle and subtalar joint. Also extra-articular structures in the hindfoot, for instance recurrent peroneal tendon dislocation, can be treated by creating an additional portal. The endoscopic hindfoot portals are safe and reliable, both anatomically and clinically. It compares favorably to open surgery with regard to less morbidity and a quicker recovery.
ESD concerns in sawing wafers with discrete semiconductor devices

Wafers with discrete semiconductor devices are sawn without CO2 bubbling. On one hand, there are claims that wafer sawing process using Dl-water without CO2 bubbling is not the state of the art process. On the other hand, there is a major blocking point for the introduction of CO2 bubbling in discrete devices wafer sawing process. Because discrete device wafers have as many as 300K chips on a single 6-inch wafer. Therefore the sawing process requires as long as 2.5 hours to process a wafer. The use of DI water in the sawing process results in severe corrosion issues. Investigations are conducted and the results are presented.semiconductor wafer sawing process
Electricity generation and nutrients removal from high-strength liquid manure by air-cathode microbial fuel cells

ABSTRACT Air-cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are widely tested to recover electrical energy from waste streams containing organic matter. When high-strength wastewater, such as liquid animal manure, is used as a medium, inhibition on anode and cathode catalysts potentially impairs the effectiveness of MFC performance in power generation and pollutant removal. This study evaluated possible inhibitive effects of liquid swine manure components on MFC power generation, improved liquid manure-fed MFCs performance by pretreatment (dilution and selective adsorption), and modeled the kinetics of organic matter and nutrients removal kinetics. Parameters monitored included pH, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations. The removals of VFA and TAN were efficient, indicated by the short half-life times of 4.99 and 7.84 d, respectively. The mechanism for phosphate decrease was principally the salt precipitation on cathode, but the removal was incomplete after 42-d operation. MFC with an external resistor of 2.2 kΩ and fed with swine wastewater generated relatively small power (28.2 μW), energy efficiency (0.37%) and Coulombic efficiency (1.5%). Dilution of swine wastewater dramatically improved the power generation as the inhibitory effect was decreased. Zeolite and granular activated carbon were effective in the selective adsorption of ammonia or organic matter in swine wastewater, and so substantially improved the power generation, energy efficiency, and Coulombic efficiency. A smaller external resistor in the circuit was also observed to promote the organic matter degradation and thus to shorten the treatment time. Overall, air-cathode MFCs are promising for generating electrical power from livestock wastewater and meanwhile reducing the level of organic matter and nutrients.
Glucocorticoid adrenal steroids and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase isoforms in the regulation of GluR6 expression

Generation of memory is enhanced during stress, an effect attributed to stimulation of neuronal learning by adrenal glucocorticoids. The glucocorticoid‐dependent genes include the serum‐ and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase SGK1. SGK1 is activated through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3‐kinase) pathway by growth factors such as insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF1) or tumour growth factor β (TGF‐β). Previously, a fourfold higher expression of SGK1 has been observed in fast‐learning rats as compared with slow‐learning rats. The mechanisms linking glucocorticoids or SGK1 with neuronal function have, however, remained elusive. We show here that treatment of mice with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (238 μg day−1 for 8–20 days) enhances hippocampal expression of GluR6. Immunohistochemistry reveals significantly enhanced GluR6 protein abundance at neurones but not at astrocytes in mice. Immunohistochemistry and patch clamp on hippocampal neurones in primary culture reveal upregulation of GluR6 protein abundance and kainate‐induced currents following treatment with dexamethasone (1 μm) and TGF‐β (1 μm). In Xenopus oocytes expressing rat GluR6, coexpression of SGK1 strongly increases glutamate‐induced current at least partially by increasing the abundance of GluR6 protein in the plasma membrane. The related kinases SGK2 and SGK3 similarly stimulate GluR6, but are less effective than SGK1. The observations point to a novel mechanism regulating GluR6 which contributes to the regulation of neuronal function by glucocorticoids.
Image Quality Assessment for DIBR Synthesized Views using Elastic Metric

Frames of free viewpoint video (FVV) synthesized with depth image-based rendering (DIBR) mainly contains special local artifacts like geometric distortions, in which the shape of objects may be stretched/bent. Human observers tend to perceive such local severe deformations instead of consistent shifting artifacts that penalized by most of the existing metrics. Elastic metric is capable of measuring the difference in stretching or bending between two curves, and thus is suitable for evaluating such geometric distortions. In this paper, an elastic metric based image quality assessment (EM-IQA) scheme is proposed by first selecting local distortion regions and then quantifying the deformations of curves. According to the experimental results on the IRCCyn/IVC DIBR image database, the proposed EM-IQA outperforms the state of the art metrics designed for synthesized images and obtains a gain of 6.97% in pearson correlation compared to the second best performing MP-PSNRreduced.
Structural basis for nuclear import of splicing factors by human Transportin 3

Significance Transportin 3 (Tnpo3) was shown to orchestrate nuclear import of splicing factors over a decade ago, but how it recognizes these cargoes remained unknown. Furthermore, the recently discovered role for Tnpo3 as a cofactor of HIV-1 replication requires mechanistic clarification. We show that Tnpo3 associates with a wide range of proteins involved in mRNA metabolism, the majority of which contain serine/arginine-rich domains. Using X-ray crystallography we determined the three-dimensional structures of Tnpo3 in its key functional states, explaining how this nuclear import factor binds and releases its cargoes. We also show that Tnpo3 mutants that are not able to interact with cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 do not facilitate HIV-1 infectivity, suggesting a potential route of pharmacological intervention in the treatment of AIDS. Transportin 3 (Tnpo3, Transportin-SR2) is implicated in nuclear import of splicing factors and HIV-1 replication. Herein, we show that the majority of cellular Tnpo3 binding partners contain arginine-serine (RS) repeat domains and present crystal structures of human Tnpo3 in its free as well as GTPase Ran- and alternative splicing factor/splicing factor 2 (ASF/SF2)-bound forms. The flexible β-karyopherin fold of Tnpo3 embraces the RNA recognition motif and RS domains of the cargo. A constellation of charged residues on and around the arginine-rich helix of Tnpo3 HEAT repeat 15 engage the phosphorylated RS domain and are critical for the recognition and nuclear import of ASF/SF2. Mutations in the same region of Tnpo3 impair its interaction with the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6) and its ability to support HIV-1 replication. Steric incompatibility of the RS domain and RanGTP engagement by Tnpo3 provides the mechanism for cargo release in the nucleus. Our results elucidate the structural bases for nuclear import of splicing factors and the Tnpo3–CPSF6 nexus in HIV-1 biology.
Familial membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III.

BACKGROUND Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a relatively uncommon cause of progressive renal disease characterized by immune complex deposition resulting in mesangial proliferation and endocapillary inflammation with capillary wall thickening and double contour formation. Although a familial linkage has been reported in MPGN type II disease and less often in type I disease, a familial linkage in type III disease has not been reported previously. METHODS We identified a family in which MPGN type III developed in a living-related donor 12 years later and recurred in the renal allograft of his son, whose primary disease was MPGN type III. We screened the members of the extended family, looking for evidence of hematuria and proteinuria. Renal biopsy specimens exhibited the findings of subendothelial deposits, subepithelial deposits, and complex glomerular basement membrane changes with C3 but not IgG seen on immunofluorescence. RESULTS Screening identified eight affected family members (six biopsy proven) over three generations. The condition is inherited in an apparent autosomal dominant fashion. CONCLUSION This is the first description of familial MPGN type III. We hope that by studying the disease in this family group, we may learn more about the pathogenesis of the condition.
Manipulation of Rest Period Length Induces Different Causes of Fatigue in Vertical Jumping

The aim of this study was to directly compare the causes of fatigue after a short- and a long-rest interval between consecutive stretch-shortening cycle exercises. Eleven healthy males jumped with different resting period lengths (short=6.1+/-1 s, long=8.6+/-0.9 s), performing countermovement jumps at 95% of their maximal jump height until they were unable to sustain the target height. After short- and long-rest, the maximal voluntary isometric contraction knee extension torque decreased (-7%; p=0.04), comparing to values obtained before exercise protocols. No change was seen from pre- to post-exercise, for either short- or long-rest, in biceps femoris coactivation (-1%; p=0.95), peak-to-peak amplitude (1%; p=0.95) and duration (-8%; p=0.92) of the compound muscle action potential of the vastus lateralis. Evoked peak twitch torque reduced after both exercise protocols (short=-26%, long=-32%; p=0.003) indicating peripheral fatigue. However, central fatigue occurred only after short-rest evidenced by a reduction in voluntary activation of the quadriceps muscle (-14%; p=0.013) measured using the interpolated twitch technique. In conclusion, after stretch-shortening cycle exercise using short rest period length, the cause of fatigue was central and peripheral, while after using long rest period length, the cause of fatigue was peripheral.
Self-reactive VH4-34–expressing IgG B cells recognize commensal bacteria

The germline immunoglobulin (Ig) variable heavy chain 4–34 (VH4-34) gene segment encodes in humans intrinsically self-reactive antibodies that recognize I/i carbohydrates expressed by erythrocytes with a specific motif in their framework region 1 (FWR1). VH4-34–expressing clones are common in the naive B cell repertoire but are rarely found in IgG memory B cells from healthy individuals. In contrast, CD27+IgG+ B cells from patients genetically deficient for IRAK4 or MYD88, which mediate the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) except TLR3, contained VH4-34–expressing clones and showed decreased somatic hypermutation frequencies. In addition, VH4-34–encoded IgGs from IRAK4- and MYD88-deficient patients often displayed an unmutated FWR1 motif, revealing that these antibodies still recognize I/i antigens, whereas their healthy donor counterparts harbored FWR1 mutations abolishing self-reactivity. However, this paradoxical self-reactivity correlated with these VH4-34–encoded IgG clones binding commensal bacteria antigens. Hence, B cells expressing germline-encoded self-reactive VH4-34 antibodies may represent an innate-like B cell population specialized in the containment of commensal bacteria when gut barriers are breached.
How valid are the rates of Down syndrome internationally? Findings from the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research

Rates of Down syndrome (DS) show considerable international variation, but a systematic assessment of this variation is lacking. The goal of this study was to develop and test a method to assess the validity of DS rates in surveillance programs, as an indicator of quality of ascertainment. The proposed method compares the observed number of cases with DS (livebirths plus elective pregnancy terminations, adjusted for spontaneous fetal losses that would have occurred if the pregnancy had been allowed to continue) in each single year of maternal age, with the expected number of cases based on the best‐published data on rates by year of maternal age. To test this method we used data from birth years 2000 to 2005 from 32 surveillance programs of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research. We computed the adjusted observed versus expected ratio (aOE) of DS birth prevalence among women 25–44 years old. The aOE ratio was close to unity in 13 programs (the 95% confidence interval included 1), above 1 in 2 programs and below 1 in 18 programs (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that DS rates internationally can be evaluated simply and systematically, and underscores how adjusting for spontaneous fetal loss is crucial and feasible. The aOE ratio can help better interpret and compare the reported rates, measure the degree of under‐ or over‐registration, and promote quality improvement in surveillance programs that will ultimately provide better data for research, service planning, and public health programs. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regeneration of skeletal muscle from transplanted immortalised myoblasts is oligoclonal

Myoblasts transplanted into muscles of recipient mice mostly die, only a minor stem cell-like subpopulation surviving and participating in muscle regeneration. To investigate this phenomenon further, we used a retrovirus expressing β-galactosidase to provide a unique marker for satellite-cell-derived muscle precursor cells, before transplanting them into myopathic mdx nu/nu mouse muscle. We employed inverse polymerase chain reaction to identify viral integrations, to follow the fate of clones present within the injected cells. Mass-infected cultures contained many marked clones, some of which contributed disproportionately to muscle regeneration. Although no particular clones showed overall predominance, some were present in more than one injected muscle, an eventuality unlikely to arise by chance. Conversely, in grafts of muscle precursor cells that had either been labelled as sparse satellite-cell derived cultures, or had been cloned, all clones were shown to be able to survive and form muscle in vivo. Moreover, all clones contributed to further generations of new-formed muscle fibres following a series of injuries administered to injected muscles, demonstrating that some cells of each clone had been retained as stem-cell-like muscle precursors. Furthermore, retrovirally marked satellite-cell-derived clones were derived from muscles that had been injected with marked muscle precursor cells. These cells formed muscle following their transplantation into a new host mouse, confirming their stem cell properties.
Effect of intrauterine administration of ceftiofur on fertility and risk of culling in postparturient cows with retained fetal membranes, twins, or both.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of intrauterine administration of ceftiofur sodium on fertility and the risk of culling in postparturient cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM), twins, or both. DESIGN Single-blind randomized clinical trial and prospective cohort study. ANIMALS 2442 cows that calved from January 1, 2000, to May 31, 2001. PROCEDURE Cows with RFM, twins, or both were randomly allocated to control or treatment (ceftiofur) groups. Ceftiofur-group cows received 1 g of ceftiofur sodium sterile powder reconstituted with 20 mL of sterile water as a single intrauterine infusion once between 14 and 20 days after parturition. Control-group cows received no treatment. Cows that calved but did not have RFM or twins were considered the referent group. Reproductive, culling, and health data were recorded. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the overall proportion of ceftiofur-group cows confirmed pregnant, compared with cows in the control group. Ceftiofur-group cows were significantly less likely to be culled and were culled at a later time in lactation than control-group cows. In the cohort study, the risk of pregnancy and the risk of being culled in ceftiofur-group cows were not significantly different from cows in the referent group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intrauterine treatment of cows with RFM, twins, or both with ceftiofur sodium increased longevity of cows in the herd as measured by the risk of culling and the time to culling. Intrauterine administration of ceftiofur in cattle is considered extralabel drug use, and the attending veterinarian must follow the AMDUCA guidelines for extralabel drug use.
Simulation analysis of an improved cascaded multilevel inverter topology

Cascaded multilevel inverters are widely used in various fields, from oil and gas, power supply installations, to power quality devices. While there are many advantages of the cascaded multilevel inverter such as low voltage stress for each switching device and higher power quality, the main downside for this type of inverter is relatively large number of switching device it needs in an installation. In order to reduce total harmonics distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform, the number of output voltage level need to be increased, hence the higher number of switching devices. This subsequently increases the installation cost, inverter circuit size and power losses — in the form of heat and voltage losses in the inverter circuit. In this paper a new improved cascaded multilevel inverter topology with a minimum number of switching devices is discussed. The proposed topology needs to turn on only two switching devices at any operation time for any output voltage level configurations. The switches in the proposed topology also have low duty cycle and almost balanced cells duty cycle. The cascaded multilevel inverter topology validity is verified by the Matlab Simulink simulation of a prototype single phase 41-level inverter.
Laser line scanning for fluorescence reflectance imaging: a phantom study and in vivo validation of the enhancement of contrast and resolution

Abstract. Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in reflectance geometry is an attractive imaging modality to noninvasively monitor fluorescence-targeted tumors. In some situations, this kind of imaging suffers from poor resolution due to the diffusive nature of photons in tissue. The objective of the proposed technique is to tackle this limitation. It relies on the scanning of the medium with a laser line illumination and the acquisition of images at each position of excitation. The detection scheme proposed takes advantage of the stack of images acquired to enhance the resolution and the contrast of the final image. The experimental protocol is described to fully understand why we overpass the classical limits and validate the scheme on tissue-like phantoms and in vivo with a preliminary testing. The results are compared with those obtained with a classical wide-field illumination.
Cobalt Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Porous Carbons Derived from Core-Shell ZIF67@ZIF8 as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The synthesis of electrocatalysts consisting of selectively functionalized parts is an effective strategy to prepare nonprecious electrocatalysts with excellent performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we synthesized core-shell structured ZIF67@ZIF8 and converted it into Co decorated porous carbons (CS-Co/Cs) consisting of the ZIF67 derived uniformly dispersed Co nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic carbon as cores and the ZIF8 derived porous carbon as shells. Compared to individual ZIF67 derived samples (Co/Cs), the unique structure of CS-Co/Cs leads to the larger surface area and more hydrophilic surface, both of which facilitate the mass transfer, contributing to the enhanced OER performance. The optimized CS-Co/C sample presents the low overpotential of 290 mV to deliver 10 mA cm-2 toward OER in 1 M KOH, which is among the best of the reported nonprecious OER electrocatalysts. The CS-Co/C exhibits no obvious current attenuation at 1.53 V for 30 000 s, demonstrating its robust stability.