Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VP40, the Matrix Protein of Marburg Virus, Is Associated with Membranes of the Late Endosomal Compartment

ABSTRACT Localization of VP40 in Marburg virus (MBGV)-infected cells was studied by using immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic analysis. VP40 was detected in association with nucleocapsid structures, present in viral inclusions and at sites of virus budding. Additionally, VP40 was identified in the foci of virus-induced membrane proliferation and in intracellular membrane clusters which had the appearance of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). VP40-containing MVBs were free of nucleocapsids. When analyzed by immunogold labeling, the concentration of VP40 in MVBs was six times higher than in nucleocapsid structures. Biochemical studies showed that recombinant VP40 represented a peripheral membrane protein that was stably associated with membranes by hydrophobic interaction. Recombinant VP40 was also found in association with membranes of MVBs and in filopodia- or lamellipodia-like protrusions at the cell surface. Antibodies against marker proteins of various cellular compartments showed that VP40-positive membranes contained Lamp-1 and the transferrin receptor, confirming that they belong to the late endosomal compartment. VP40-positive membranes were also associated with actin. Western blot analysis of purified MBGV structural proteins demonstrated trace amounts of actin, Lamp-1, and Rab11 (markers of recycling endosomes), while markers for other cellular compartments were absent. Our data indicate that MBGV VP40 was able to interact with membranes of late endosomes in the course of viral infection. This capability was independent of other MBGV proteins.
Spatially accelerated shape embedding in multimaterial simulations

Multimaterial numerical simulations typically embed the shape of their materials into the computational mesh by determining the volume fractions of each material within the mesh elements, which requires the means to numerically describe the material boundaries. In this paper, we present a mesh-agnostic technique for generating and querying an implicit function defining the containment field of a surface with complex geometric boundaries. Specifically, given a closed, oriented surface representing a material boundary, we construct an In/Out octree to accelerate point containment queries which can efficiently determine whether an arbitrary point in space is enclosed by the surface. We apply this technique to initialize material volume fractions in the elements of a multimaterial high-order finite element Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) hydrodynamics code. c © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of IMR 25.
Análisis de la fiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario docente

Resumen: En la actualidad, los cuestionarios constituyen el instrumento mas utilizado por el profesorado para evaluar distintos aspectos relacionados con la docencia, ya que el analisis estadistico de los datos recogidos a traves de los mismos permite inferir conclusiones a los docentes de forma sencilla y rigurosa. Sin embargo, en este proceso se suele pasar por alto el hecho de que, para garantizar la utilidad y significado de los resultados obtenidos, no vale con la simple presentacion de una lista de preguntas disenada ad hoc, sino que el cuestionario utilizado debe estar bien disenado. Los principales criterios de calidad exigibles a los instrumentos de evaluacion son la fiabilidad y la validez. En una edicion anterior de las JENUI se presento un cuestionario para medir las dificultades de los estudiantes durante el aprendizaje de la recursividad. En este trabajo describimos el analisis de la validez y fiabilidad de dicho cuestionario. Las conclusiones de este estudio permiten proporcionar a la comunidad educativa una herramienta de evaluacion de rapida aplicacion para valorar el problema de la recursividad. Ademas, el proceso de analisis descrito a lo largo del articulo puede extrapolarse facilmente, por lo que consideramos que puede servir como guia para la validacion de cualquier otro cuestionario docente.
An exploration of mothers' and fathers' views of their identities in chronic-kidney-disease management: parents as students?

AIM To explore parents' views of their identities as they learn to manage their child's chronic kidney disease. BACKGROUND Parents are expected to participate in management and usually learn necessary skills from the multidisciplinary team. Research highlights the importance of professionals defining parents' management roles in chronic disease; but little is known about parents' views on their own identities as the complex and dynamic process of teaching and learning unfolds around their child's condition. According to positioning theory, identity development is a dynamic and fluid process that occurs during interaction, with each person positioning themselves while simultaneously positioning the other person, yet this concept has not been considered in relation to parents' contributions to disease management. DESIGN A longitudinal, grounded theory study conducted in a UK Children's Kidney Unit. METHOD This paper focuses on one aspect of a larger study exploring family learning in disease management. Six mothers and two fathers of six children with a recently diagnosed chronic kidney disease participated in a total of 21 semi-structured interviews during the 18 months after referral to the unit. Interviews included discussion about the parts they played in relation to professionals during the management process. Findings were interpreted within a framework of positioning theory. RESULTS Parents participated in teaching/learning/assessment that was both planned (involving allocated clinical lessons and tasks) and spontaneous (in response to current situations), to facilitate their participation. They positioned multidisciplinary team members as teachers as well as professionals, simultaneously positioning themselves as students as well as parents. CONCLUSION Parents' clinical duties and obligations are not an automatic part of parenting but become part of the broader process of sharing disease management, this can lead to them assuming the additional identity of a 'student'. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Involving parents in ongoing discussions about their positions in management may help promote their active and informed participation.
Dynamic cache contention detection in multi-threaded applications

In today's multi-core systems, cache contention due to true and false sharing can cause unexpected and significant performance degradation. A detailed understanding of a given multi-threaded application's behavior is required to precisely identify such performance bottlenecks. Traditionally, however, such diagnostic information can only be obtained after lengthy simulation of the memory hierarchy. In this paper, we present a novel approach that efficiently analyzes interactions between threads to determine thread correlation and detect true and false sharing. It is based on the following key insight: although the slowdown caused by cache contention depends on factors including the thread-to-core binding and parameters of the memory hierarchy, the amount of data sharing is primarily a function of the cache line size and application behavior. Using memory shadowing and dynamic instrumentation, we implemented a tool that obtains detailed sharing information between threads without simulating the full complexity of the memory hierarchy. The runtime overhead of our approach --- a 5x slowdown on average relative to native execution --- is significantly less than that of detailed cache simulation. The information collected allows programmers to identify the degree of cache contention in an application, the correlation among its threads, and the sources of significant false sharing. Using our approach, we were able to improve the performance of some applications up to a factor of 12x. For other contention-intensive applications, we were able to shed light on the obstacles that prevent their performance from scaling to many cores.
Listening to elaboration in psychotherapy : the understanding of assimilation using narrative indices

How do clients elaborate throughout therapy? This was the question that broadly framed this research and situated it in the field of psychotherapy process research. The process chosen was assimilation which was conceived as a global process of change focused on the client. To study this process, this research used narrative indices which are elements of the narrative that are considered to represent particular processes. The use of indices depends on the understanding of language not as a rigid signal system to denote psychological concepts; but as an interactional process of communication in which narrative processes are represented. This research was divided into two studies. The first study sough to develop the system of indices based on a qualitative analysis and then adjust it to meet the reliability standards with respect to consistency and interrater reliability. To this end, 30 single sessions of adult clients with depression were recorded and analysed. After the system of indices had been developed it was analysed and contrasted with an existing coding system. Study I resulted in a system of indices grouped into five dimensions – external distress, pain, noticing, decentring and action – which showed acceptable interrater reliability, internal consistency and convergent validity. The second study was a longitudinal application of the system of indices. The goal was to contrast the cases with regard to their success status as defined by the pre-post variation of the depression level. Nine psychotherapies were recorded and analysed. Of these nine cases, only three showed a non-straightforward relation between the success status and the dimensions. The in-depth analysis of these three cases showed the usefulness of using the system of indices to understand the complexity of the psychotherapy and the non-linear relationship between psychotherapy and symptom change. The results suggest the importance of the indices in understanding assimilation and are discussed with emphasis on the practical implications that can be derived.
Tasks: language support for event-driven programming

The event-driven programming style is pervasive as an efficient method for interacting with the environment. Unfortunately, the event-driven style severely complicates program maintenance and understanding, as it requires each logical flow of control to be fragmented across multiple independent callbacks. We propose tasks as a new programming model for organizing event-driven programs. Tasks are a variant of cooperative multi-threading and allow each logical control flow to be modularized in the traditional manner, including usage of standard control mechanisms like procedures and exceptions. At the same time, by using method annotations, task-based programs can be automatically and modularly translated into efficient event-based code, using a form of continuation passing style (CPS) translation. A linkable scheduler architecture permits tasks to be used in many different contexts. We have instantiated our model as a backward-compatible extension to Java, called TaskJava. We illustrate the benefits of our language through a formalization in an extension to Featherweight Java, and through a case study based on an open-source web server.
Aplicación de la tomografía computarizada o TAC en el cálculo de los parámetros biomecánicos de la sección transversal de los huesos largos

This paper describes how to obtain cross-sectional images of long bones which allow us to implement algorithms for calculating biomechanical parameters, such as, the first moments of area (at, ac, am), the second moments of inertia (Ix, Iy, Imin, Imax) and the polar moment of inertia or torque, parameters that quantify bone resistance to fracture and torsion. Computed tomography or ct is an excellent noninvasive method to investigate the structure of the cross-section of long bones. This allows us to inquire about carrying, endurance and mobility partnerships between individuals and inferring missing their probable subsistence strategies.
A DSR Extension for Connection Stability Assessment in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

The efficient assessment of connection stability in pervasive wireless environments is a crucial yet insufficiently explored problem. Existing stability assessment approaches for mobile networks focus rather on link stability and are based on unrealistic assumptions. In this paper, we propose an extension for the prevalent DSR routing protocol that allows for simple and efficient yet fairly accurate connection stability assessment based solely on routing information
The effect of cognitive load on the processing of hierarchical visual information

The visual world is organised hierarchically from global structure to local detail or from the ‘forest’ to the ‘trees’ (Navon, 1977; Palmer, 1975). The present thesis explores the effect of cognitive load on the processing of hierarchical visual information; specifically, we distinguish between the effects of cognitive load on i) whether observers are biased toward prioritising global structure or local detail; ii) the ability to select local and global information, as relevant to tasks or behavioural goals. The main contributions of this thesis are to show that cognitive load i) affects perceptual bias by making observers less global and more local or, in other words, less likely to see the ‘forest’ for the ‘trees’, and ii) makes it more difficult to selectively attend to the least salient level of hierarchical information. These effects of cognitive load are likely exerted through separate mechanisms. With respect to perceptual bias, we suggest that cognitive load alters relative hemispheric activation and with it the relative priority afforded to global structure and local detail. With respect to selection, we suggest that cognitive load impairs cognitive control and makes it harder to prevent the processing of irrelevant-yet-salient hierarchical information. Taken together, the findings presented in this thesis suggest that cognitive load exerts significant effects on hierarchical processing, whether through effects on global-local perceptual bias or attentional selection of hierarchical information. As the visual world is structured hierarchically, whether it be the global scene as a whole or individual hierarchical structures such as words or faces, cognitive load – which can vary from person-to-person and within an individual circumstantially – could fundamentally affect how observers ‘see’ the visual world.
Black Consciousness and the Quest for a True Humanity

It is perhaps fitting to start off by examining the real reasons which make it necessary for us to think collectively about a problem we never created. In doing so, I do not wish to appear to be unnecessarily concerning myself with the White people in this country, but I sincerely believe that in order to get to the right answer, we must ask the right questions; we have to find out what went wrong where and when; we have to find out whether our position is a deliberate creation by God or an artificial fabrication of the truth by power-hungry people whose motive is authority, security, wealth and comfort. In other words the "Black Consciousness" approach would be irrelevant in a colourless and non-exploitative egalitarian society. It is relevant here because we believe that the anomalous situation we f ind ourselves in is deliberately man-made for the reasons mentioned.
Feasibility of Supervised Machine Learning for Cloud Security

Cloud computing is gaining significant attention, however, security is the biggest hurdle in its wide acceptance. Users of cloud services are under constant fear of data loss, security threats and availability issues. Recently, learning-based methods for security applications are gaining popularity in the literature with the advents in machine learning techniques. However, the major challenge in these methods is obtaining real-time and unbiased datasets. Many datasets are internal and cannot be shared due to privacy issues or may lack certain statistical characteristics. As a result of this, researchers prefer to generate datasets for training and testing purpose in the simulated or closed experimental environments which may lack comprehensiveness. Machine learning models trained with such a single dataset generally result in a semantic gap between results and their application. There is a dearth of research work which demonstrates the effectiveness of these models across multiple datasets obtained in different environments. We argue that it is necessary to test the robustness of the machine learning models, especially in diversified operating conditions, which are prevalent in cloud scenarios. In this work, we use the UNSW dataset to train the supervised machine learning models. We then test these models with ISOT dataset. We present our results and argue that more research in the field of machine learning is still required for its applicability to the cloud security.
Ventilation with lower tidal volumes versus traditional tidal volumes in adults for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

BACKGROUND Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) require mechanical ventilatory support. ALI/ARDS is further complicated by ventilator-induced lung injury. Lung-protective ventilation strategies may lead to improved survival. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of ventilation with lower tidal volume (Vt) on morbidity and mortality in adults patients affected by ALI/ARDS. A secondary objective was to determine whether the comparison between low and conventional Vt is different if a plateau airway pressure of greater than 30 to 35 cm H20 was used. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Cochrane Library issue 3, 2002; MEDLINE (1966 to June 2002); EMBASE and CINAHL (1982 to June 2002); intensive care journals and conference proceedings; databases of ongoing research, reference lists and 'grey literature'. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials comparing ventilation using lower Vt and/or low airway driving pressure (plateau pressure 30 cm H2O or less), resulting in Vt of 7 ml/kg or less versus ventilation that uses Vt in the range of 10 to 15 ml/kg, in adults (16 year-old or greater). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Wherever appropriate, results were pooled. Fixed and random effects models were applied. MAIN RESULTS Five trials, involving 1202 patients, were eligible. The test for heterogeneity gave a P-value of 0.12. Ventilation with lower Vt was associated with a decreased mortality at the end of the follow up period for each trial: 216/605 (35.7%) versus 249/597 (41.7%), relative risk (RR) 0.85 (CI 0.74 to 0.98). The effect of the intervention was not statistically significant when a random effects model was used: RR 0.91 (CI 0.72 to 1.14). Mortality at day 28 was significantly reduced by lung-protective ventilation: RR 0.74 (CI 0.61 to 0.88). The comparison between low and conventional Vt was not significantly different if a plateau pressure less than or equal to 31 cm H2O in control group was used: RR 1.13 (CI 0.88 to 1.45). There was insufficient evidence about morbidity and long term outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS Clinical heterogeneity, such as different lengths of follow up and higher plateau pressure in control arms in two trials make the interpretation of the combined results difficult. Mortality is significantly reduced at day 28 and the effects on long term mortality are uncertain, although the possibility of a clinically relevant benefit cannot be excluded. There is no evidence that low Vt ventilation is beneficial in patients where hypercapnia is potentially harmful.
Robust Design of Adaptive Equalizers

Although equalizers promise to improve the signal- to-noise energy ratio, zero forcing equalizers are derived classically in a deterministic setting minimizing intersymbol interference, while minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer solutions are derived in a stochastic context based on quadratic Wiener cost functions. In this paper, we show that it is possible-and in our opinion even simpler-to derive the classical results in a purely deterministic setup, interpreting both equalizer types as least squares solutions. This, in turn, allows the introduction of a simple linear reference model for equalizers, which supports the exact derivation of a family of iterative and recursive algorithms with robust behavior. The framework applies equally to multiuser transmissions and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. A major contribution is that due to the reference approach the adaptive equalizer problem can equivalently be treated as an adaptive system identification problem for which very precise statements are possible with respect to convergence, robustness and l2-stability. Robust adaptive equalizers are much more desirable as they guarantee a much stronger form of stability than conventional in the mean square sense convergence. Even some blind channel estimation schemes can now be included in the form of recursive algorithms and treated under this general framework.
Organization development through ad hoc problem solving

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to study the ad hoc problem of developing capabilities for knowledge transfer between various constituencies of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation project. The paper studies how an ERP project develops ability to network, link, and integrate its various knowledge resources over time. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducted a case study of an ERP project, from its initiation in 2008 to its completion in 2011. Findings – The case demonstrates the dynamics of development of knowledge transfer capacities through ad hoc problem solving. The paper identifies five mechanisms used in this case for the development of knowledge transfer capacities. Practical implications – Ad hoc problem solving mechanisms demonstrated in this paper can be intentionally planned and utilized in similar projects to enable interaction, integration, and institutionalization. Originality/value – Even though ad hoc problem solving as a model for change is prevalent in .
Electromagnetic scattering from mixed conductor-dielectric bodies using nonlinear VRWG basis functions

A new volume-surface electric field integral equation (VSIE) formulation based on the method of moments is presented. The new modeling method uses RWG basis functions on the conductor surface, and volume RWG (VRWG) basis functions in the dielectric region of a MCD object, but the basis functions defined over the boundary tetrahedrons adjoining the conductor surface are modified into nonlinear basis functions so that the tangential component of electric field at the conductor-dielectric interface vanishes. Not only can the new basis functions satisfy the boundary condition well at the conductor-dielectric interface, but also they are suitable for modeling those MCD structures with sharp-angle dielectric parts at the conductor-dielectric interface.