Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Paracetamol poisoning in the UK: a meeting report from Pharmacology 2013

Pharmacology 2013; a meeting of the British Pharmacological Society Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre, Westminster, London, UK, 17–19 December 2013 Pharmacology 2013 is the annual meeting of the British Pharmacological Society, and was held on 17–19th December 2013 at the Queen Elizabeth II Conference Centre in Westminster, London. This report will discuss the symposium entitled ‘Paracetamol poisoning in the United Kingdom – where are we now and what is the future? ’ Paracetamol overdose is a common and important presentation to emergency departments. This symposium and report aim to highlight current practice legislation surrounding the purchase of paracetamol and its compounds, and novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and identification of high-risk groups who require efficient instigation of treatment.
Definitions and aetiology of myalgic encephalomyelitis: how the Canadian consensus clinical definition of myalgic encephalomyelitis works

A perspective on the various definitions of myalgic encephalomyelitis and the process of discovering its aetiology is presented. The importance of clinical guidelines is emphasised to encourage clinicians to provide clear descriptions of their individual patients required for proper clinical activity; diagnosis, estimation of severity of effect, prognosis, treatment and rehabilitation. This individual knowledge is informed by general and (hopefully) publicly confirmed knowledge resulting from scientific research during the second-person interaction which lies at the core of the clinical encounter. Both types of knowledge are essential.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODY TO TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE IN A NATURAL AREA

We conducted a cross-sectional study from 2008 to 2009 to evaluate the occurrence of feral and wild cats and the risk of Toxoplasma gondii infection in terrestrial wildlife in a natural area in Illinois, USA. Felids are definitive hosts for T. gondii and cats are a key component of rural and urban transmission of T. gondii. We selected four forest sites within the interior of the park and four edge sites within 300 m of human buildings. Feline and wildlife occurrence in the natural area was determined with the use of scent stations, motion-detection cameras, and overnight live trapping. Based on scent stations and trapping, feral cats used building sites more than forest sites (scent stations: P=0.010; trapping: P=0.083). Prevalence of T. gondii antibodies was determined with the use of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) with a titer of 1:25 considered positive; T. gondii antibodies were detected in wildlife at all sites. Wildlife species were classified as having a large home range (LHR) or a small home range (SHR), based on published estimates and using a cutoff of 100 ha. Small–home-range mammals had a higher prevalence of antibody to T. gondii (odds ratio [OR] =4.2; P=0.018) at sites with a high frequency of cat occurrence (defined as ≥9 cat occurrences across three detection methods); this finding indicates that feral cats are the most likely source of environmental contamination. Overall, the prevalence of antibody to T. gondii among LHR mammals was significantly higher than the prevalence among SHR mammals (OR=7.1; P<0.001). Small–home-range mammals are an essential part of T. gondii–antibody prevalence studies and can be used as sentinels for risk of disease exposure to humans and wildlife in natural areas. This study improves our understanding of ecologic drivers behind the occurrence of spatial variation of T. gondii within a natural area.
Robustness and Local Linearisation in Economic Models

This paper discusses the importance of nonlinear dynamics from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. It stresses the need for global as opposed to local analysis and develops the important concept of robustness. Using this concept, the paper argues that much modern macroeconomics can be dismissed on methodological grounds alone. The paper also deals with the empirics of hyperinflation and with the detection of chaos in financial markets. Copyright 1999 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd
The Exact Error Probability Expression for Arbitrar Two-Dimensional Signaling over Nonlinear AWGN Channels

A nonlinearity of high power amplifier (HPA) introduces AM/AM and AM/PM distortions so that the transmitted signal is deteriorated. Also, I/Q phase and amplitude unbalances, and phase error lead to performance degradation when we implement a practical two-dimensional (2-D) modulation system. In this paper, we provide a general expression to exactly evaluate, regardless of a priori probabilities, the error probabilities of arbitrary 2-D modulation with I/Q amplitude and phase unbalances and phase error in a nonlinear additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by using the coordinate rotation and shifting techniques.
Competence‐creation in the African public sector

Reveals that the public sector in Africa is increasingly coming under pressure to justify its very existence through calls for financial accountability, operational efficiency, improvements in product and service quality, and so forth. Takes the view that any attempt to achieve meaningful reform in public sector management will have to consider seriously the question of skill development and the management of expertise. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the public sector product and service delivery will depend not only on economic and financial parameters but also on the availability of sufficiently skilled personnel. Focuses, therefore, on skill management in the public sector and, in particular, on the creation of competences which are based on the organization’s core strategic activities. Introduces recent developments in the management of organizations to the public sector debate.
A nurse-managed population based heart failure clinic: sustaining quality of life

Background: Heart failure (HF) affects approximately 5.8 million people in the US. Each year an additional 670,000 new cases of HF are diagnosed and about 300,000 people die. HF is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization, especially in those over age 65, and it accounts for about $39.2 billion dollars in health care costs. The cost of inpatient care and the many treatment options available have led to the development of population based managed care (PBMC) HF clinics. Managed care most commonly occurs in outpatient settings, but there is relatively little data on the effectiveness of nurse-managed population based managed care (PBMC) in improving outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life (QOL) of outpatient HF patients (N=80) who used a nurse-managed PBMC heart failure clinic in a southern urban US city. Methods: This was a correlational descriptive study. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months using Short Form (SF)-12 assessments. Results: Findings showed subjects were able to maintain their mental and physical status even though it would ordinarily be expected to decline over time. Conclusions: Use of nurse-managed PBMC heart failure clinics has value in sustaining QOL for patients and should be considered as a useful approach for maintaining patient physical and mental function.
Social Cohesion and Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation

type="main" xml:lang="en"> This study is an attempt to empirically investigate the effect of social cohesion on economic growth by using panel data for a large set of countries. We have used two different indices—Intergroup Cohesion and Membership of Clubs and Voluntary Associations—as a proxy for social cohesion. Our empirical findings suggest that different dimensions of social cohesion do not have the same kind of effect on economic growth. Intergroup Cohesion (bridging social capital) has a positive and significant effect, whereas Membership of Clubs and Voluntary Associations (bonding social capital) has a negative and significant relationship with economic growth.
Soil moisture and sex ratio in a plant with nuclear–cytoplasmic sex inheritance

I investigated whether soil moisture affects relative fitness of females and hermaphrodites and sex ratio in a gynodioecious plant with nuclear–cytoplasmic sex inheritance. I contrast these results with those from species with strictly nuclear sex inheritance. I performed a manipulative watering experiment on seed fitness of the two sexes, and field studies measuring seed fitness and sex ratio as a function of soil moisture. In the dry site, watered hermaphrodites produced approximately twice as many seeds as unwatered hermaphrodites, with little treatment effect on female seed production. Over a natural soil moisture gradient, the ratio of female to hermaphrodite seed production was higher in dry than in wet sites. These data show that the seed fitness advantage of females is a function of soil moisture. Despite this, regression of soil moisture on the sex ratio of 23 populations was not significant. These results indicate a sex–dependent effect of soil moisture on resource allocation to seeds that does not translate into a strong effect on sex ratio. This is consistent with theory based on genomic conflict in which sex ratios are predicted to be only partly determined by fitness differences of the sexes.
Pattern recognition of multiple EMG signals applied to the description of human gait

The application of pattern recognition to the classification of normal and four pathological gaits is described. The classification is based on construction of a pattern feature vector whose elements are obtained by processing EMG signals obtained from 6 muscles responsible for movement of the foot at the ankle. The paper describes the basic actions of these muscles and the resulting gait patterns. Data were obtained from 30 patients at Rancho Los Amigos Hospital. 11 sets of data were used as training patterns for the synthesis of linear dicriminant functions needed in the classification algorithm. The resulting algorithm was used to proces 19 patient records. The correct gait was identified in 15 of these 19 sets. Potential clinical applications of the results are discussed.
ATS-6 UCLA Fluxgate Magnetometer

A summary of the design of the University of California at Los Angeles' fluxgate magnetometer is presented. Instrument noise in the bandwidth 0.001 to 1.0 Hz is of order 85 my. The DC field of the spacecraft transverse to the Earth-pointing axis is Sx = 1.0 ±2.1¿, SY = -2.4 ± 1.3¿. The spacecraft field parallel to this axis is less than 5¿. The small spacecraft field has made possible studies of the macroscopic field not previously possible at synchronous orbit. At the 96° west longitude of Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6), the Earth's field is typically inclined 300 to the dipole axis at local noon. Most perturbations of the field are due to substorms. These consist of a rotation in the meridian to a more radial field followed by a subsequent rotation back. The rotation back is normally accompanied by transient variations in the azimuthal field. The exact timing of these perturbations is a function of satellite location and the details of substorm development.
Diversity and Distribution in Hypersaline Microbial Mats of Bacteria Related to Chloroflexusspp

ABSTRACT Filamentous bacteria containing bacteriochlorophylls cand a were enriched from hypersaline microbial mats. Based on phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences, these organisms form a previously undescribed lineage distantly related toChloroflexus spp. We developed and tested a set of PCR primers for the specific amplification of 16S rRNA genes from filamentous phototrophic bacteria within the kingdom of “green nonsulfur bacteria. ” PCR products recovered from microbial mats in a saltern in Guerrero Negro, Mexico, were subjected to cloning or denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and then sequenced. We found evidence of a high diversity of bacteria related toChloroflexus which exhibit different distributions along a gradient of salinity from 5.5 to 16%.
The Polish Roma: From a persecuted to a protected minority

In this article, we present an analysis of opinion polls conducted between 1994 and 2013 on attitudes toward Roma population in Poland. We situate these attitudes within Poland’s social, legal, political, and cultural context, emphasizing current legislation concerning minorities in Poland, scholarly literature on Polish Roma culture and traditions, crime, and the justice system. Throughout this article we identify specific barriers to the integration that are crucial to understand and improve the current situation of Roma in Poland.
Electroweakino Searches: A Comparative Study for LHC and ILC (A Snowmass White Paper)

We make a systematic and comparative study for the LHC and ILC for the electroweakino searches in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. We adopt a general bottom-up approach and scan over the parameter regions for all the three cases of the lightest supersymmetric particle being Bino-, Wino-, and Higgsino-like. The electroweakino signal from pair production and subsequent decay to Wh (h to b\bar b) final state may yield a sensitivity of 95% C.L. exclusion (5sigma discovery) to the mass scale M_2, mu ~ 250-400 GeV (200-250 GeV) at the 14 TeV LHC with an luminosity of 300 fb^{-1}. Combining with all the other decay channels, the 95% C.L. exclusion (5sigma discovery) may be extended to M_2, mu ~ 480-700 GeV (320-500 GeV). At the ILC, the electroweakinos could be readily discovered once the kinematical threshold is crossed, and their properties could be thoroughly studied.
A phosphorylation switch on RbBP5 regulates histone H3 Lys4 methylation

The methyltransferase activity of MLL1 is allosterically regulated by a four-subunit complex composed of WDR5, RbBP5, Ash2L, and DPY30 (also referred to as WRAD). Zhang et al. show that in WRAD, a concave surface of the Ash2L SPRY domain binds to RbBP5. This Ash2L/RbBP5 interface is important for heterodimer formation, stimulation of MLL1 catalytic activity, and erythroid cell terminal differentiation. A phosphorylation switch on RbBP5 stimulates WRAD complex formation and significantly increases KMT2 enzyme methylation rates.
Role of HuR in Skeletal Myogenesis through Coordinate Regulation of Muscle Differentiation Genes

ABSTRACT In this report, we investigate the role of the RNA-binding protein HuR during skeletal myogenesis. At the onset of myogenesis in differentiating C2C12 myocytes and in vivo in regenerating mouse muscle, HuR cytoplasmic abundance increased dramatically, returning to a predominantly nuclear presence upon completion of myogenesis. mRNAs encoding key regulators of myogenesis-specific transcription (myogenin and MyoD) and cell cycle withdrawal (p21), bearing AU-rich regions, were found to be targets of HuR in a differentiation-dependent manner. Accordingly, mRNA half-lives were highest during differentiation, declining when differentiation was completed. Importantly, HuR-overexpressing C2C12 cells displayed increased target mRNA expression and half-life and underwent precocious differentiation. Our findings underscore a critical function for HuR during skeletal myogenesis linked to HuR's coordinate regulation of muscle differentiation genes.
Global economic crisis 2007?2010: Is it really so recent? Implications for the future from the lessons of economic history

This paper demonstrates that the current economic crisis has its roots in the evolution of the global economy during the 1960s. The gradual increase of US debt from the 1960s accompanied by the deficit in the US trade balance due to international competition from EU, Japan, and later from China and the other emerging economies had played a pivotal role in the current crisis. Furthermore, the transformation of the international financial markets and the shift from financing real foreign direct investment projects to finance mainly high-risk high-return portfolio investments has also created long-term harmful effects for the global economy. In addition, the inability of the EU to establish an optimal currency area has generated additional instability in the international economic system. This paper argues that the current crisis is the outcome of deeper institutional rigidities, when compared with past crises, and thus the whole global economic status is at risk.
Business and Professional Networks: Scope and Outcomes in Oxfordshire

This paper examines the relationship between formal networks, such as business and occupationally based professional networks, and place in determining network patterns and types in regional economic development. It distinguishes between ‘network-rich’ and ‘network-poor’ regions and considers why and how formal networks operate as a service and a resource to participants and as components of regional business infrastructures. Formal networks in the Oxfordshire to Cambridge Arc in the UK are used to illustrate these points.
Garment homework in Argentina: Drawing together the threads of informal and precarious work

This article explores and applies Kalleberg’s concept and dimensions of precarious work in relation to garment homework in Argentina. Although precarious work exists across formal and informal employment, its nature and dimensions are most commonly researched in relation to formal work in developed economies where the loss of standard conditions can be documented. Similarly, homework is most usually discussed as a category of informal work, in the context of developing countries, within which precariousness is one among numerous aspects of adverse job quality. Applying the concept of precariousness enables homework to be assessed systematically against specific labour standards, yielding a more powerful analysis than reference to a general deficit. This may increase our understanding of homework especially with regard to addressing labour standards.
Elevation of serum testosterone during chronic LHRH agonist treatment in the bull.

The objective of this study was to try to depress serum testosterone (T) in bulls by prolonged treatment with a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Eight sexually mature bulls (325 to 475 kg) were assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment consisted of 150 micrograms nafarelin acetate 6-D-2-naphthyl-alanine-LHRH (LHRH-A) injected im every 6 h for 15 d. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, .01%) in a carrier solution was injected at the same times in control bulls. Serial 15-min blood samples were collected via jugular cannula during the initial 36 h of treatment and during 6-h windows on d 4, 8 and 14. Bulls were slaughtered and pituitaries and testes collected on d 15. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and T were elevated after initial injection of LHRH-A, but returned to basal concentrations by 12, 5 and 17 h, respectively. Prolonged LHRH-A treatment prevented pulsatile LH and T secretion compared with control bulls. Mean serum LH did not differ from that of controls on d 4, 8 and 14 of LHRH-A treatment, while serum T was elevated (P less than .01) during the same time periods. Oscillating patterns and mean concentrations of serum FSH were not different between control and LHRH-A-treated bulls. Fifteen days of LHRH-A treatment depressed pituitary LHRH receptor numbers (P less than .05) and pituitary LH (P less than .01) and FSH (P less than .05) concentrations. Testicular LH receptor numbers were elevated (P less than .01), but testicular FSH receptor numbers were not altered. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Potassium currents in endfeet of isolated Müller cells from the frog retina

Voltage dependent potassium currents were recorded using the whole‐cell mode of the patch‐clamp technique for the first time from endfeet of Müller cells dissociated from the frog retina. Recordings from intact cells and isolated endfeet indicate that the inward rectifier potassium channel is the dominant ion channel in these cells and that the density of these channels is highest in the endfoot as has been previously reported for several other species. The present study uses rapid changes in [K+]o to understand the behavior of these channels in buffering [K+]o in the retina. With rapid changes in [K+]o, it was found that, at a membrane potential of −90 mV, which is close to EK, increasing [K+]o from 3 to 10 mM produced an inward K+ current 5.48 ± 0.89 SD (n = 9) times larger than outward current induced by decreasing [K+]o from 3 to 1 mM. The outward current was maximal at a holding potential of about −80 mV and exhibited inactivation at more positive potentials. At −40 mV both the inward and outward currents are markedly reduced. The current voltage curve for the inward current was linear at holding potentials from −50 mV to −140 mV. Using 20 mV voltage steps, it was found that the voltage dependent K+ currents were unaffected by the addition of 2 mM Cd2+, a blocker of Ca2+‐activated potassium currents, decreasing [Cl−]o from 120 mM to 5 mM or the substitution of 30 mM Na+ by TEA. The addition of 5 mM [Cs+]o blocked only the inward current. Both the outward and inward currents disappeared in the absence of intracellular and extracellular K+; 0.3 mM [Ba2+]o blocked the inward current completely and strongly inhibited the outward current in a time and voltage dependent manner. We conclude that at physiological [K+]o and membrane potential, the K+ channels in the Müller cell endfoot are well suited to carry K+ both inward and outward across the membrane as required for spatial buffering. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is placebo response in antidepressant trials rising or not? A reanalysis of datasets to conclude this long-lasting controversy

It had long been believed that placebo response rates in antidepressant trials have been increasing and that they were responsible for rising numbers of so-called failed antidepressant trials. Two recent systematic reviews examined this issue and reached completely opposite findings. Furukawa and colleagues in a paper published in 2016 found that the placebo response rates are stable since 1991 and the apparent increase up to 2000 was confounded by changes in trial design features. By contrast, Khan and colleagues more recently concluded that placebo response rates had grown steadily in the past 30 years. The two reviews differed in the datasets they used, definitions of placebo response and statistical analyses. In this perspective article, we examined if such differences were responsible for the two reviews’ contrasting conclusions. Our reanalyses confirmed our previous results. We found that in any dataset and for any placebo response definition, there was no increase in placebo response over the years when the analysis was adjusted for the confounders related to study design features or when it was limited to studies published after 1990s. We conclude that placebo response in antidepressant trials has remained stable for the past 25 years, during which time the large majority of the studies have come to share similar design features.
Techniques to assess film coatings and evaluate film-coated products

Background: Polymeric film coatings have been applied to pharmaceutical solids for decorative, protective, or functional purposes. The application process is quite complex, with variables related to the coating formulation, substrate properties, processing parameters, and interactions thereof, all of which can affect product performance. Objective: This article describes a number of experimental techniques used to determine the physical, mechanical, adhesive, thermal, and permeability properties of free and applied films. These analytical tools can be used to optimize product performance, advance our knowledge of the film formation process, and investigate interactions between the coating and the solid surface. Conclusion: Through a better understanding of film-coating processes, the cause of problems that arise during manufacturing, defects observed in the coating, and changes in performance upon subsequent storage may be more quickly and accurately resolved.