Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion Regulation: Current Status and Future Prospects

One of the fastest growing areas within psychology is the field of emotion regulation. However, enthusiasm for this topic continues to outstrip conceptual clarity, and there remains considerable uncertainty as to what is even meant by “emotion regulation. ” The goal of this review is to examine the current status and future prospects of this rapidly growing field. In the first section, I define emotion and emotion regulation and distinguish both from related constructs. In the second section, I use the process model of emotion regulation to selectively review evidence that different regulation strategies have different consequences. In the third section, I introduce the extended process model of emotion regulation; this model considers emotion regulation to be one type of valuation, and distinguishes three emotion regulation stages (identification, selection, implementation). In the final section, I consider five key growth points for the field of emotion regulation.
Ability of a high-total antioxidant capacity diet to increase stool weight and bowel antioxidant status in human subjects

There is limited knowledge about the possible effect of unabsorbed dietary antioxidants that reach the large intestine on bowel habits. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a dietary recommendation directed to increase diet total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is able to affect gut function in human subjects. In this cross-over intervention, nineteen subjects followed a high-TAC (HT) and a low-TAC (LT) diet for 2 weeks, which were comparable for energy, macronutrient, total dietary fibre and alcohol contents. At the end of each intervention period, the 48 h stool output was recorded. In the faecal samples obtained from a subset of nine subjects, moisture, pH, ammonia content, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts, faecal water antioxidants and genotoxicity were measured. A 3 d weighed food record was used to assess the diet composition during HT and LT diet intake. Significant increases in the intake of TAC, vitamins E and C and phenolic compounds were observed during the HT diet intake. The higher intake of antioxidants led to increased 48 h stool output (324 (sd 38) g in HT v. 218 (sd 22) g in LT), and to higher TAC and total phenolic concentrations in faecal water. No significant variation in the other measured parameters was observed between the diets. In conclusion, a diet selected to raise the intake of dietary antioxidants is able to increase stool bulk and antioxidant content of faeces.
English renewed: Visions of English among teachers of 1966

Abstract This article examines the way in which curriculum renewal in English teaching in the late 1960s was brought about largely through the democratic process of teacher participation. It describes the role that the newly formed National Association for the Teaching of English (NATE) played in creating the process in conjunction with American colleagues from the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) at the 1966 Dartmouth Conference. The author, who participated in this event, describes the values debated at this conference which underpinned reform and which were subsequently tested out and implemented in England by practitioners in schools, supported by NATE local branches. He asks the reader to consider the ways in which this process of reform differs from the ways in which processes of curriculum change are currently structured.
Mixed Parents, Mixed Results

In this article, we have used panel data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey (N = 3,337) to test several mechanisms (English proficiency, friends with native parents, parental socioeconomic status [SES], educational attitudes, bilingualism, and family stability) by which mixed parents (one native, one foreign-born) affect their children’s educational attainment differently from immigrant parents (both foreign-born), using a multiple mediator model. We found that children from mixed parents benefited from higher parental human capital and a higher English proficiency and were set back by lower educational attitudes and less stable family situation. However, bilingualism offered no significant advantages or disadvantages for children of mixed parents. Having more friends from native-born parents had a surprising negative effect. The total indirect effect was slightly negative and a substantial negative direct effect of growing up with mixed parents on educational attainment remains. Some of the effects depend on the sex of the native partner. Implications and limitations are discussed.
SUBSTRATE INFLUENCE IN CREOLES AND THE ROLE OF TRANSFER IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION

This article discusses how research on language transfer in the field of SLA can help to explain the origins of substrate influence in creoles and provide answers to more difficult questions concerning the distribution and verification of substrate features. First, it argues against the view that both SLA and transfer are not involved in the genesis of pidgin and creole languages. Then the view is presented that, as described in the SLA literature, transfer is not just a consequence of second language learning but also of second language use, and it serves as a communication strategy when the need arises. Such a strategy may be used by speakers of either a prepidgin or an already established pidgin when its functional use is being rapidly extended. Sociolinguistic perspectives on transfer in SLA, described next, throw some light onto the question of why substrate features remain in pidgins and creoles. Research on transfer in SLA also provides important insights into the specific factors that may have affected substrate influence in creoles. Evidence is presented that some transfer constraints discovered in SLA research—rather than other proposed factors such as so-called functional expendability—still provide the best explanation for the absence of particular substrate features in creoles. Finally, it is shown that tests proposed for verifying instances of L1 influence in interlanguage could be adapted for verifying instances of substrate influence in creoles.
Robustness and specificity in object detection

In this paper, we discuss the role of robustness to geometric conformity versus specificity in machine learning. The key observation made here is that object variation due to appearance and due to geometric deformation are often, for good reasons, intermixed in typical object detection applications. In the paper, we consider a whole range of differently specific object detectors. It is shown that such detectors vary in their robustness to geometric deformation and also their specificity. Such detectors can then be used in a cascade, where coarse detectors operate on a less-specific and more robust scale. This makes it possible to use coarse sampling of the space of geometric transformations. Further on more-specific and less robust detectors are used. This requires as input the detections at a coarser scale combined with an optimization search step. In the paper, it is also discussed how such detectors can automatically be obtained from a coarsely defined database of ground truth.
Measuring the impact of multimodal behavioural feedback loops on social interactions

In this paper we explore the concept of automatic behavioural feedback loops during social interactions. Behavioural feedback loops (BFL) are rapid processes which analyse the behaviour of the user in realtime and provide the user with live feedback on how to improve the behaviour quality. In this context, we implemented an open source software framework for designing, creating and executing BFL on Android powered mobile devices. To get a better understanding of the effects of BFL on face-to-face social interactions, we conducted a user study and compared between four different BFL types spanning three modalities: tactile, auditory and visual. For the study, the BFL have been designed to improve the users' perception of their speaking time in an effort to create more balanced group discussions. The study yielded valuable insights into the impact of BFL on conversations and how humans react to such systems.
Automatically Detecting Action Items in Audio Meeting Recordings

Identification of action items in meeting recordings can provide immediate access to salient information in a medium notoriously difficult to search and summarize. To this end, we use a maximum entropy model to automatically detect action item-related utterances from multi-party audio meeting recordings. We compare the effect of lexical, temporal, syntactic, semantic, and prosodic features on system performance. We show that on a corpus of action item annotations on the ICSI meeting recordings, characterized by high imbalance and low inter-annotator agreement, the system performs at an F measure of 31.92%. While this is low compared to better-studied tasks on more mature corpora, the relative usefulness of the features towards this task is indicative of their usefulness on more consistent annotations, as well as to related tasks.
Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequences in Subdiploid and Subtetraploid Revertants of Polyoma- Transformed Cells

Polyoma-transformed cells can revert in the properties characteristic of transformation, although they maintain the polyoma-specific T antigen. Transformed cells contain the same number of copies of polyoma virus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) per cell (eight) as revertants with a subdiploid or a subtetraploid chromosome number. The results indicate that the duplication of chromosomes in the subtetraploid revertants did not include the chromosomes that carry the viral genome. The virus DNA in both transformed and revertant cells was associated with high-molecular-weight cell DNA. Reversion of the properties of transformed cells was, therefore, not associated either with a decrease in number of virus DNA copies per cell or with a lack of association of the virus DNA with cell DNA.
NIA: System for News Impact Analytics

The analysis of news impact on people is relevant to a variety of applications, ranging from monitoring product and companies rep-utations, to stock market prediction. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms which affect the propagation of news and drive the evolution of sentiments in one way or another. In this demonstration paper, we describe NIA , a system that identiﬁes and describes news events that caused changes of sentiments. NIA is based on a novel framework for a complex news event modeling, which is capable of detecting time and importance characteristics of events by only observing a time series of news articles publications, and then correlating this data with a time series of sentiment shifts. The operation of our system is summarized as follows. First, we apply a deconvolution to recover the time, longitude, importance and impact of news events. Second, we compute a sentiment time series, e.g., by monitoring sentiments for positive or negative bursts, and coherently analyze sentiment and news time series, automatically determining their time lag. Third, we evaluate the corresponding news articles for a time interval of interest and extract the essence of what happened. Finally, we present the selected news time series to the user, as well as several more correlated stories, which could have affected sentiments as well, proposing to interactively explore their connections.
Global synchronization of chaotic Lur'e systems via replacing variables control

In this paper, we propose a method to research lag synchronization of the identical master-slave chaotic Lur'e systems via replacing variables control with time delay. By means of absolute stability theory, we prove two types of sufficient conditions for the lag synchronization: Lur'e criterion and frequency domain criterion. Based on the criteria, we suggest an optimization scheme to design the control variables. Applying the scheme to general Chua's circuits, we obtain the parameter ranges in which the master-slave Chua's circuits laggingly synchronize or not by varied single-variable control. Finally, we cite the examples by illustration of the results.
Measuring Classroom Assessment Practice Using Instructional Artifacts: A Validation Study of the QAS Notebook

We report the results of a pilot validation study of the Quality Assessment in Science Notebook, a portfolio-like instrument for measuring teacher assessment practices in middle school science classrooms. A statewide sample of 42 teachers collected 2 notebooks during the school year, corresponding to science topics taught in the fall and spring. Each notebook was scored on 9 dimensions of assessment practice by 3 trained raters. Our analysis investigated the reliability and validity of notebook ratings, with particular emphasis on identifying key sources of error in the ratings. The results suggest that variation in teacher practice across notebooks (i.e., over time) was more important than idiosyncratic rater inconsistencies as a source of error in the scores. The validity results point to a dominant factor underlying the ratings and some predictive power of notebook ratings on student achievement. We discuss implications of the results for measuring assessment practice through artifacts, drawing conceptual and methodological lessons about our model of assessment practice, the consistency of raters, and the estimation of variance over time with classroom-based measures of instruction.
Performance Analysis of Passive Emitter Tracking using TDOA, AOA and FDOA Measurements

This paper investigates passive emitter tracking using a combination of Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements with further different types of measurements. The measurements are gained by exploiting the signal impinging from an unknown moving emitter. First, a combined set of TDOA and Angle of Arrival (AOA) measurements is processed using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE). Then, a Gaussian Mixture (GM) filter is used to solve the tracking problem based on TDOA and Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) measurements. In Monte Carlo simulations, the superior performance of the combined methods in contrast to the single TDOA approach is shown and compared with the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB).
Mutanlallemand (mtl) and Belly Spot and Deafness (bsd) Are Two New Mutations of Lmx1a Causing Severe Cochlear and Vestibular Defects

Mutanlallemand (mtl) and Belly Spot and Deafness (bsd) are two new spontaneous alleles of the Lmx1a gene in mice. Homozygous mutants show head tossing and circling behaviour, indicative of vestibular defects, and they have short tails and white belly patches of variable size. The analysis of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) showed that mtl and bsd homozygotes are deaf, whereas heterozygous and wildtype littermates have normal hearing. Paint-filled inner ears at E16.5 revealed that mtl and bsd homozygotes lack endolymphatic ducts and semicircular canals and have short cochlear ducts. These new alleles show similarities with dreher (Lmx1a) mutants. Complementation tests between mtl and dreher and between mtl and bsd suggest that mtl and bsd are new mutant alleles of the Lmx1a gene. To determine the Lmx1a mutation in mtl and bsd mutant mice we performed PCR followed by sequencing of genomic DNA and cDNA. The mtl mutation is a single point mutation in the 3′ splice site of exon 4 leading to an exon extension and the activation of a cryptic splice site 44 base pairs downstream, whereas the bsd mutation is a genomic deletion that includes exon 3. Both mutations lead to a truncated LMX1A protein affecting the homeodomain (mtl) or LIM2-domain (bsd), which is critical for LMX1A protein function. Moreover, the levels of Lmx1a transcript in mtl and bsd mutants are significantly down-regulated. Hmx2/3 and Pax2 expression are also down-regulated in mtl and bsd mutants, suggesting a role of Lmx1a upstream of these transcription factors in early inner ear morphogenesis. We have found that these mutants develop sensory patches although they are misshapen. The characterization of these two new Lmx1a alleles highlights the critical role of this gene in the development of the cochlea and vestibular system.
Is the Internet Really New After All? The Determinants of Telecommunications Diffusion in Historical Perspective

Recent anxieties over the digital divide have centered on the observation that uptake of the Internet is shaped by a number of identifiable, place-based factors. Yet is the Internet any more a product of material geography than previous communication technologies? Our contribution in this article seeks to address this question by deploying quantitative techniques to examine whether the country-level adoption of past communication networks—mail, telegrams, and telephone—was shaped by similar socioeconomic factors. Our results reveal striking similarities in the domestic attributes—income, education, and trade openness—influencing rates of uptake across all four technologies during their major periods of diffusion.
Short and Long-Term Benefits of Reflective Technologies

New reflective systems are making it increasingly easier to make rich records of everyday activities and later reflect on these records. While these systems and other reflective tools such as Facebook Timeline are becoming more popular, few systematic studies have investigated their effects. Our work uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to demonstrate short and long-term well-being benefits of reflection and identifies two different mechanisms that mediate these benefits. We also describe new work visualizing emotional habits. Our findings have important therapeutic implications, and suggest that reflective systems support natural adaptive memory processes.
The effects of nitrous oxide on behavior and physiological parameters during conscious sedation with a moderate dose of chloral hydrate and hydroxyzine.

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), peripheral oxygen saturation (pO2), expired CO2 (CO2), and behavior (using two scales) comparing nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O) with oxygen (O2) alone in 20 children (mean age 45 +/- 5.1 months) sedated with chloral hydrate (CH) and hydroxyzine in a double-blind crossover design. Administration of CH (40 mg/kg) and hydroxyzine (2 mg/kg) was held constant for each patient visit; however, N2O (50%) was administered during one visit and O2 (100%) at the other in a randomly determined manner. Physiologic and behavioral parameters were collected during eight specific procedural events (e.g., administration of local anesthesia). Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, t-test, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. There was no statistically significant difference in any physiologic or behavioral parameter as a function of inhalation agent. However, significant differences were found for certain physiological parameters (i.e., HR [F = 5.41, P < 0.001], pO2 [F = 6.04, P < 0.001], and CO2 [F = 2.33, P < 0.027]) and all behavioral measures (% crying [F = 2.82, P < 0.008], % quiet [F = 5.38, P < 0.001], % movement [F = 3.88, P < 0.001], and % struggle [F = 2.83, P < 0.007]) of one scale (Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale [OSUBRS]) as a function of procedural events. Although no statistically significant differences were attributable to inhalation agent, evidence suggests that N2O resulted in less crying and struggling and more quiet behaviors than O2. Significant correlations existed between sub-categories of the two behavioral rating scales, suggesting some association between the scales. One may conclude from the results of this study that moderate doses of CH and hydroxyzine in combination with nitrous oxide are not associated with any significant potentiation effects on physiologic parameters compared with the same oral agents with oxygen alone. Certain procedural events (e.g., administration of local anesthesia) do result in patient responses that affect specific behaviors and physiology. Although the effects of N2O may not be statistically significant, generally it produces an attenuation in physiological and behavioral responses as measured under the conditions of this study.
Improvements to NOAA’s Historical Merged Land–Ocean Surface Temperature Analysis (1880–2006)

Abstract Observations of sea surface and land–near-surface merged temperature anomalies are used to monitor climate variations and to evaluate climate simulations; therefore, it is important to make analyses of these data as accurate as possible. Analysis uncertainty occurs because of data errors and incomplete sampling over the historical period. This manuscript documents recent improvements in NOAA’s merged global surface temperature anomaly analysis, monthly, in spatial 5° grid boxes. These improvements allow better analysis of temperatures throughout the record, with the greatest improvements in the late nineteenth century and since 1985. Improvements in the late nineteenth century are due to improved tuning of the analysis methods. Beginning in 1985, improvements are due to the inclusion of bias-adjusted satellite data. The old analysis (version 2) was documented in 2005, and this improved analysis is called version 3.
Contextual Themes in Career Decision Making of Female Clients Who Indicate Depression

Difficulties concerning female counseling center clients' career decision making were explored in this qualitative study. The authors reviewed counseling intake and progress notes of 18 female students who sought counseling services at a university counseling center and who presented career concerns and reported feeling depressed. Most women in this study described their career decision-making difficulties in the context of relationships with their parents or significant others. Both external (i.e., family relationships, family and culture, and relationships with significant others) and internal (i.e., developmental, developmental and mental health issues, and skill deficits) conditions emerged as significantly affecting these women's career decision-making process.
Depression and functional impairment independently contribute to decreased quality of life in cancer patients prior to chemotherapy

Background. An inverse association either between depression or impaired functional status and quality of life (QoL) has been reported for cancer patients, but the independent effect of depression or depressive symptoms and of functional impairment on QoL is unclear. Patients and methods. We investigated the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the functional impairment with the ECOG-Performance-Status (ECOG-PS) and the QoL with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire in a sample of 175 hospitalised cancer patients prior to the start of chemotherapy. Results. Sixteen of 175 patients (9.1%) screened positive for major depression, 29 (16.6%) had mild to moderate depressive symptoms. In 11 of 15 scales of the EORTC-QLQ-C30 questionnaire depression or depressive symptoms were significantly associated with worse QoL in univariate analysis and in 12 of 15 scales poor ECOG-PS was significantly associated with worse QoL. In multivariate analysis including ECOG-PS and BDI, the effect of depression and/or depressive symptoms on QoL was persistent in seven scales: global QoL, physical- and role functioning, fatigue, nausea & vomiting, pain, and constipation, that of ECOG-PS in five scales: global QoL, emotional functioning, nausea & vomiting, pain, and appetite loss. Conclusions. Signs of major depression or depressive symptoms and impaired functional status contribute independently to poorer QoL in cancer patients prior to chemotherapy.