Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical Partial Constraints for 3D Model Matching and Pose Estimation Problems

We explore the potential of variance matrices to represent not just statistical error on object pose estimates but also partially constrained degrees of freedom. Using an iterated extended Kalman filter as an estimation tool, we generate, combine and predict partially constrained pose estimates from 3D range data. We find that partial constraints on the translation component of pose which occur frequently in practice are handled well by the method. However, coupled partial constraints between rotation and translation are, in general, non-linear and cannot be represented by this method.
‘I might know when I'm an adult’: making sense of children's relationships with nature

This paper reports subjective experiences in nature of 5 children aged 6–10 years collected during a 5-day camp in a botanical garden. Creative expressive visual methods and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. Inductive analysis produced the follow themes: children being positioned to take care of nature and to be taken care of by nature, as well as nature needing protection from children and children needing protection from nature. The roles of gatekeepers in mediating attraction to and repulsion from nature were also highlighted. We examine these in the context of socio-cultural constraints and invitations that children experience in developing these relationships. These themes are discussed using a theoretical framework that blends Vygotsky's socio-cultural development theory with Gibson's theory of affordances. Findings contribute to a more integrated understanding of how ecological psychology and social psychology can inform our understanding of children's relationships with nature; in particular, how children's experiences with nature are mediated by socio-cultural factors. By adding to our understanding of how children develop relationships with nature, practitioners can more effectively facilitate experiences that encourage pro-environmental and stewardship attitudes and behaviors as well as result in positive health and development outcomes for children. This paper contributes to the children's geographies literature by strengthening the theoretical foundation from which geographers approach child–nature relationships.
Semi-automatic Annotation of Chinese Word Structure

Chinese word structure annotation is potentially useful for many NLP tasks, especially for Chinese word segmentation. Li and Zhou (2012) have presented an annotation for word structures in the Penn Chinese Treebank. But they only consider words that have productive affixes, which covers 35% of word types in that corpus. In this paper, we propose a linguistically inspired annotation that covers various morphological derivations of Chinese in a more general way, such that almost all multiple-character words can be structurally analyzed. As manual annotation is expensive, we propose a semi-supervised approach to automatic annotation, which combines the maximum entropy learning and the EM iteration for the Gaussian mixture model. The proposed method has achieved an accuracy of 90% on the testing set.
Welfare Realities: From Rhetoric to Reform

Preface * The Context for Welfare Reform Thomas J. Kane and Mary Jo Bane * Understanding Welfare Dynamics David T. Ellwood and Mary Jo Bane * Understanding Dependency David T. Ellwood * Increasing Self-Sufficiency by Reforming Welfare Mary Jo Bane * Reducing Poverty by Replacing Welfare David T. Ellwood * Appendix * Notes * References * Index
Proteomics Analysis of Host Cells Infected with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus*S

The effect of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection on cellular protein expression is essential for viral pathogenesis. To characterize the cellular response to IBDV infection, the differential proteomes of chicken embryo fibroblasts, with and without IBDV infection, were analyzed at different time points with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF identification. Comparative analysis of multiple 2-DE gels revealed that the majority of protein expression changes appeared at 48 and 96 h after IBDV infection. Mass spectrometry identified 51 altered cellular proteins, including 13 up-regulated proteins and 38 down-regulated proteins 12–96 h after infection. Notably 2-DE analysis revealed that IBDV infection induced the increased expression of polyubiquitin, apolipoprotein A-I, heat shock 27-kDa protein 1, actins, tubulins, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A isoform 2, acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein, and ribosomal protein SA isoform 2. In addition, IBDV infection considerably suppressed those cellular proteins involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, energy metabolism, intermediate filaments, host translational apparatus, and signal transduction. Moreover 38 corresponding genes of the differentially expressed proteins were quantitated by real time RT-PCR to examine the transcriptional profiles between infected and uninfected chicken embryo fibroblasts. Western blot further confirmed the inhibition of Rho protein GDP dissociation inhibitor expression and the induction of polyubiquitin during IBDV infection. Subcellular distribution analysis of the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin and β-tubulin clearly demonstrated that IBDV infection induced the disruption of the vimentin network and microtubules late in IBDV infection. Thus, this work effectively provides useful dynamic protein-related information to facilitate further investigation of the underlying mechanism of IBDV infection and pathogenesis.
Novel Adaptive Strategies for Synchronization of Linearly Coupled Neural Networks With Reaction-Diffusion Terms

In this paper, two types of linearly coupled neural networks with reaction-diffusion terms are proposed. We respectively investigate the adaptive synchronization of these two types of complex network models. With local information of node dynamics, some novel adaptive strategies to tune the coupling strengths among network nodes are designed. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals and using inequality techniques, several sufficient conditions are given for reaching synchronization by using the designed adaptive laws. Finally, two examples with numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Evaluating Density Forecasts : Is Sharpness Needed ?

In a recent article Gneiting, Balabdaoui and Raftery (Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B, 2007) propose the criterion of sharpness for the evaluation of predictive distributions or density forecasts. They motivate their proposal by an example in which standard evaluation procedures based on probability integral transforms cannot distinguish between the ideal forecast and several competing forecasts. In this paper we show that their example has some unrealistic features which make it an insecure foundation for their argument that existing calibration procedures are inadequate in practice. We present an alternative, more realistic example in which relevant statistical methods provide the required discrimination between competing forecasts, and argue that there is no need for a subsidiary criterion of sharpness.
1,3-propanediol production by Escherichia coli expressing genes of dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5.

1,3-propanediol is used as a monomer in the production of some polymers e.g. polytrimethylene terephthalate used in the production of carpets and textile fibers and in the thermoplastics engineering. However, the traditional chemical synthesis is expensive, generates some toxic intermediates and requires a reduction step under high hydrogen pressure. Biological production of 1,3-propanediol could be an attractive alternative to the traditional chemical methods. Moreover, crude glycerol which is a by-product of biodiesel production, can be used. We constructed a recombinant Escherichia coli strain producing 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by introducing genes of the dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5, a strain from our collection of environmental samples and strains. The E. coli strain produced 3.7 g of 1,3-propanediol per one litre of culture with the yield of 0.3 g per 1 g of glycerol consumed.
Rating Scale Items

Ratings scales are a common component of many multisource, multimethod frameworks for socioemotional and behavior assessment of children. There is a modest literature base to support the use of attitudinal, behavioral, and personality rating scales. Much of that historic literature focuses on the characteristics and interpretations of specific scales, which are mostly Likert-type scales. There are many more scale types and item types that receive less attention within the literature and less application in practice. This article provides a brief summary of the literature relevant to formats, components, and nomenclature associated with rating scale item types. This article is intended to provide basic information that might inspire and contribute to the development and evaluation of novel rating scales with a variety of item types, especially those relevant to Direct Behavior Rating methods of assessment.
The role of the Internet in informal scholarly communication

The present analysis looks at how scientists use the Internet for informal scientific communication. It investigates the relationship between several explanatory variables and Internet use in a cross-section of scientists from seven European countries and five academic disciplines (astronomy, chemistry, computer science, economics, and psychology). The analysis confirmed some of the results of previous U.S.-based analyses. In particular, it corroborated a positive relationship between research productivity and Internet use. The relationship was found to be nonlinear, with very productive (nonproductive) scientists using the Internet less (more) than would be expected according to their productivity. Also, being involved in collaborative R&D and having large networks of collaborators is associated with increased Internet use. In contrast to older studies, the analysis did not find any equalizing effect whereby higher Internet use rates help to overcome the problems of potentially disadvantaged researchers. Obviously, everybody who wants to stay at the forefront of research and keep up-to-date with developments in their research fields has to use the Internet.
Social cues in multimedia learning: Role of speaker's voice.

In 2 experiments, learners who were seated at a computer workstation received a narrated animation about lightning formation. Then, they took a retention test, took a transfer test, and rated the speaker. There was a voice effect, in which students performed better on the transfer test and rated the speaker more positively if the voice in the narration had a standard accent rather than a foreign accent (Experiment 1) and if the voice was human rather than machine synthesized (Experiment 2). The retention test results were mixed. The results are consistent with social agency theory, which posits that social cues in multimedia messages can encourage learners to interpret human-computer interactions as more similar to human-to-human conversation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Overlapping Community Detection Based on Random Walk and Seeds Extension

As an important research direction in the complex social network, the difficulty of community detection lies in the search and discovery of social structures efficiently and accurately. In this study, an algorithm named SEOCD (Seeds Extension Overlapping Community Detection) for overlapping community detection based on random walk and seeds extension is proposed in order to solve the problem of seeds selection and expansion in many seed-based algorithms. First, SEOCD uses the random walk strategy to find the seed communities with tight structures. Second, from the seed communities, the similarity between each pair of node and community is calculated. The nodes whose similarity greater than a predefined threshold are selected. Third, The strategy of optimizing a self-adaptive function is used to expand the communities. Finally, The free nodes in the network are assigned to their corresponding communities, which finds out all the overlapping community structures. Experiments on real and artificial networks show that SEOCD is capable of discovering overlapping communities in complex social networks efficiently.
DECREASED SUPPLY-DEPENDENT OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLE OF THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT DURING ACUTE HYPOXIA

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to correlate microvascular oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (&OV0312;O2) in the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) with hemodynamics during acute hypoxia. We expected greater abnormalities in central and microvascular hemodynamics during hypoxic induced shock in the SHR compared with the WKY due to microvascular rarefaction. The inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) was lowered from 0.21 to 0.15, 0.1, 0.08, and 0.05 in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Lactate and base deficit values were similar for both groups at 0.21 and 0.15 FiO2, but higher in SHR at lower FiO2. Baseline aortic blood flow (SHR, 56.2 ± 4.0 mL min−1; WKY, 61.8 ± 5.3 mL min−1) and systemic DO2 (SHR, 9.02 ± 0.82 mL min−1; WKY, 9.32 ± 0.54 mL min−1) increased similarly when FiO2 was lowered to 0.15. Further reductions in FiO2 caused lower aortic flow and systemic DO2 in the SHR than WKY at 0.08 and 0.05 FiO2. Spinotrapezius blood flow increased from baseline (SHR, 24.8 ± 1.8 nL s−1; WKY, 22.7 ± 2.1 nL s−1) in both groups when FiO2 was reduced to 0.15; further reductions in FiO2 decreased blood flow in both groups, with lower values in the SHR group at 0.1 and 0.08 FiO2. The SHR group demonstrated higher venous oxygen saturation at low values of FiO2 compared with WKY. This reduced oxygen extraction in SHR resulted in a lower supply-dependent &OV0312;O2 at low values of spinotrapezius DO2, perhaps attributed to arteriolar thickening and rarefaction seen in chronic hypertension.
Manopt, a matlab toolbox for optimization on manifolds

Optimization on manifolds is a rapidly developing branch of nonlinear optimization. Its focus is on problems where the smooth geometry of the search space can be leveraged to design efficient numerical algorithms. In particular, optimization on manifolds is well-suited to deal with rank and orthogonality constraints. Such structured constraints appear pervasively in machine learning applications, including low-rank matrix completion, sensor network localization, camera network registration, independent component analysis, metric learning, dimensionality reduction and so on. The Manopt toolbox, available at www.manopt. org, is a user-friendly, documented piece of software dedicated to simplify experimenting with state of the art Riemannian optimization algorithms. By dealing internally with most of the differential geometry, the package aims particularly at lowering the entrance barrier.
Revisiting the Match-Up Hypothesis: Effects of Brand-Incongruent Celebrity Endorsements

Literature on celebrity endorsements indicates that communications effects are improved when there is a fit, or match-up, between the endorser and the brand. This notion should be particularly relevant to new brands. For established brands, on the other hand, it might actually be more beneficial to select a celebrity endorser with a less than perfect match with the brand. Building on schema congruity theory, this article suggests that selecting a brand-incongruent endorser improves communication effects. Results show that brand-incongruent celebrity endorsers generate longer ad viewing times, higher brand attitudes and brand interest, higher purchase intentions, and more positive word-of-mouth communication.
One-Day Test-Retest Reliability of Neuropsychological Tests in a Personal Injury Case.

The difficulties inherent in differentiating practice effects from meaningful changes in neuropsychological retest data are well known to clinicians. Although gross actuarial guidelines are available on the basis of group studies, the application of such information to individual cases presents many interpretive complexities. This is particularly true when litigation is involved or the retest interval is very short. The case presented here involved examinations performed independently on successive days by 2 diplomate neuropsychologists. The majority of tests produced clinically equivalent results in both examinations
Design Guidelines for Social Problem-Solving Interventions

Two or more social actors-individuals, groups, and organizations-engage in social problem solving when resolving or managing a shared problem. Social problem solving poses significant conceptual and control difficulties that make it highly episodic and prone to setbacks. This paper proposes a framework for understanding social problem solving and offers four guidelines for designing interventions to facilitate the process. A case study illustrates the usefulness of the framework and design guidelines.
Indigenous Observations of Climate Change in the Lower Yukon River Basin, Alaska

Natural science climate change studies have led to an overwhelming amount of evidence that the Arctic and Subarctic are among the world's first locations to begin experiencing climate change. Indigenous knowledge of northern regions is a valuable resource to assess the effects of climate change on the people and the landscape. Most studies, however, have focused on coastal Arctic and Subarctic communities with relatively little focus on inland communities. This paper relates the findings from fieldwork conducted in the Lower Yukon River Basin of Alaska in the spring of 2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with hunters and elders in the villages of St. Mary's and Pitka's Point, Alaska to document observations of climate change. This study assumes that scientific findings and indigenous knowledge are complementary and seeks to overcome the false dichotomy that these two ways of knowing are in opposition. The observed changes in the climate communicated by the hunters and elders of St. Mary's and .
Full-length haplotype reconstruction to infer the structure of heterogeneous virus populations

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable new insights into the diversity of virus populations within their hosts. Diversity estimation is currently restricted to single-nucleotide variants or to local fragments of no more than a few hundred nucleotides defined by the length of sequence reads. To study complex heterogeneous virus populations comprehensively, novel methods are required that allow for complete reconstruction of the individual viral haplotypes. Here, we show that assembly of whole viral genomes of ∼8600 nucleotides length is feasible from mixtures of heterogeneous HIV-1 strains derived from defined combinations of cloned virus strains and from clinical samples of an HIV-1 superinfected individual. Haplotype reconstruction was achieved using optimized experimental protocols and computational methods for amplification, sequencing and assembly. We comparatively assessed the performance of the three NGS platforms 454 Life Sciences/Roche, Illumina and Pacific Biosciences for this task. Our results prove and delineate the feasibility of NGS-based full-length viral haplotype reconstruction and provide new tools for studying evolution and pathogenesis of viruses.
Gene therapy based on interleukin-12 loaded chitosan nanoparticles in a mouse model of fibrosarcoma

Objective(s): Interleukin-12 (IL-12) as a cytokine has been proved to have a critical role in stimulating the immune system and has been used as immunotherapeutic agents in cancer gene therapy. Chitosan as a polymer, with high ability of binding to nucleic acids is a good candidate for gene delivery since it is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-allergenic polysaccharide. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of cells transfected with IL-12 loaded chitosan nanoparticles on the regression of fibrosarcoma tumor cells (WEHI-164) in vivo. Materials and Methods: WEHI-164 tumor cells were transfected with IL-12 loaded chitosan nanoparticles and then were injected subcutaneously to inoculate tumor in BALB/c mice. Tumor volumes were determined and subsequently extracted after mice sacrifice. The immunohistochemistry staining was performed for analysis of Ki-67 expression (a tumor proliferation marker) in tumor masses. The expression of IL-12 and IFN-γ were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Results: The group treated with IL-12 loaded chitosan nanoparticles indicated decreasing of tumor mass[r1] volume (P<0.001). The results of western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the IL-12 expression was increased in the group. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated that the Ki-67expression was reduced in the group treated with IL-12 loaded chitosan nanoparticles. Conclusion: IL-12 gene therapy using chitosan nanoparticles has therapeutic effects on the regression of tumor masses in fibrosarcoma mouse model.
A Supernova at 50 pc: Effects on the Earth's Atmosphere and Biota

Recent 60Fe results have suggested that the estimated distances of supernovae in the last few million years should be reduced from ∼100 to ∼50 pc. Two events or series of events are suggested, one about 2.7 million years to 1.7 million years ago, and another about 6.5–8.7 million years ago. We ask what effects such supernovae are expected to have on the terrestrial atmosphere and biota. Assuming that the Local Bubble was formed before the event being considered, and that the supernova and the Earth were both inside a weak, disordered magnetic field at that time, TeV–PeV cosmic rays (CRs) at Earth will increase by a factor of a few hundred. Tropospheric ionization will increase proportionately, and the overall muon radiation load on terrestrial organisms will increase by a factor of ∼150. All return to pre-burst levels within 10 kyr. In the case of an ordered magnetic field, effects depend strongly on the field orientation. The upper bound in this case is with a largely coherent field aligned along the line of sight to the supernova, in which case, TeV–PeV CR flux increases are ∼104; in the case of a transverse field they are below current levels. We suggest a substantial increase in the extended effects of supernovae on Earth and in the “lethal distance” estimate; though more work is needed. This paper is an explicit follow-up to Thomas et al. We also provide more detail on the computational procedures used in both works.
Pericytes are progenitors for coronary artery smooth muscle

Epicardial cells on the heart’s surface give rise to coronary artery smooth muscle cells (caSMCs) located deep in the myocardium. However, the differentiation steps between epicardial cells and caSMCs are unknown as are the final maturation signals at coronary arteries. Here, we use clonal analysis and lineage tracing to show that caSMCs derive from pericytes, mural cells associated with microvessels, and that these cells are present in adults. During development following the onset of blood flow, pericytes at arterial remodeling sites upregulate Notch3 while endothelial cells express Jagged-1. Deletion of Notch3 disrupts caSMC differentiation. Our data support a model wherein epicardial-derived pericytes populate the entire coronary microvasculature, but differentiate into caSMCs at arterial remodeling zones in response to Notch signaling. Our data are the first demonstration that pericytes are progenitors for smooth muscle, and their presence in adult hearts reveals a new potential cell type for targeting during cardiovascular disease. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.10036. 001