Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Predictions of Peptide Binding to Any HLA-DR Molecule of Known Sequence: NetMHCIIpan

CD4 positive T helper cells control many aspects of specific immunity. These cells are specific for peptides derived from protein antigens and presented by molecules of the extremely polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II system. The identification of peptides that bind to MHC class II molecules is therefore of pivotal importance for rational discovery of immune epitopes. HLA-DR is a prominent example of a human MHC class II. Here, we present a method, NetMHCIIpan, that allows for pan-specific predictions of peptide binding to any HLA-DR molecule of known sequence. The method is derived from a large compilation of quantitative HLA-DR binding events covering 14 of the more than 500 known HLA-DR alleles. Taking both peptide and HLA sequence information into account, the method can generalize and predict peptide binding also for HLA-DR molecules where experimental data is absent. Validation of the method includes identification of endogenously derived HLA class II ligands, cross-validation, leave-one-molecule-out, and binding motif identification for hitherto uncharacterized HLA-DR molecules. The validation shows that the method can successfully predict binding for HLA-DR molecules—even in the absence of specific data for the particular molecule in question. Moreover, when compared to TEPITOPE, currently the only other publicly available prediction method aiming at providing broad HLA-DR allelic coverage, NetMHCIIpan performs equivalently for alleles included in the training of TEPITOPE while outperforming TEPITOPE on novel alleles. We propose that the method can be used to identify those hitherto uncharacterized alleles, which should be addressed experimentally in future updates of the method to cover the polymorphism of HLA-DR most efficiently. We thus conclude that the presented method meets the challenge of keeping up with the MHC polymorphism discovery rate and that it can be used to sample the MHC “space,” enabling a highly efficient iterative process for improving MHC class II binding predictions.
Attachment disturbances in young children. I: The continuum of caretaking casualty.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether signs of disordered attachment were greater in young children being reared in more socially depriving caregiving environments. METHOD Three groups of children were studied by means of structured interviews with caregivers that were administered over several months in Bucharest, Romania, in 1999: (1) 32 toddlers living in a typical unit (standard care) in a large institution in Bucharest; (2) 29 toddlers living in the same institution on a 'pilot unit" designed to reduce the number of adults caring for each child; and (3) 33 toddlers living at home who had never been institutionalized. The presence of attachment disorders and other behavioral problems was assessed by caregiver/ parent report. RESULTS Children on the typical unit (standard care) had significantly more signs of disordered attachment than children in the other two groups. Both the emotionally withdrawn and the indiscriminately social pattern of attachment disorder were apparent in these children, but cluster analysis suggested that mixed patterns are more typical. CONCLUSIONS The continuum of caretaking casualty is reflected by increasing signs of disordered attachment in toddlers living in more socially depriving environments.
Identification of the forensically important flies (Diptera: Muscidae) based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in China

Accurate species identification is a crucial step in forensic entomology, as the insect collected on a corpse can provide useful information for estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). However, morphological distinction may on occasion be impossible to the adult flies and nymphs of the same genus. DNA-based method can be used as a supplemental means of morphological method. In this study, 31 forensically important Muscidae flies were collected from 15 locations in 11 provinces of China, and a 272 base pair region of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was sequenced. The monophyletic branches of the phylogenetic tree revealed that this marker is suitable for discrimination between these five species of four genera of Muscidae. The genetic variations found on COI can be applied not only to identify the forensically important species, but also to understand the taxonomic positions of the sarcophagine species. In addition, this research will be instrumental for implementation of the Chinese Muscidae database. Keywords: Forensic science, forensic entomology, Muscidae, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), species identification
Large , non-Redfieldian drawdown of nutrients and carbon in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean ( 46 u N ) : Evidence for dinitrogen fixation ?

Considerable drawdown of total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT) and oversaturation of oxygen (O2) within a cold (,15uC) oligotrophic eddy in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean (46uN, 20.5uW) indicate that, despite the absence of nitrate (NO 3 ), the eddy was highly productive. Estimates of net community production using the mass balances of CT and O2 were two to five times greater than those obtained using the mass balance of NO { 3 . The remineralization rates obtained using the integrated rates of CT and NO { 3 accumulation and O2 utilization for the upper thermocline waters (35–300-m depth) were in agreement with CTand O2-based net community production over the same period; however, all the estimates exceeded the NO 3 -based net community production by a factor of two to five, pointing to a considerable accumulation of NO 3 in the upper thermocline in excess of changes in the mixed-layer NO 3 inventory. The amount of this excess NO { 3 suggests that a considerable fraction of the net community production was not supported by the mixed-layer NO 3 inventory and that an external source of NO 3 must be present. Of the various mechanisms that might explain the inequity between NO { 3 drawdown in the surface layer and NO 3 accumulation in the upper thermocline, N2 fixation is the most viable yet surprising mechanism for producing such excess NO 3 in this oligotrophic eddy. A significant fraction of net community production in oligotrophic extratropical waters could be supported by processes that are not fully explored or to date have been considered to be insignificant. The availability of fixed nitrogen (NO 3 , NO { 2 , and NH z4 ) in the ocean is considered to be the key factor constraining marine new production. Accordingly, this concept has played a central role in previous observational and modeling efforts (Hood et al. 2000). Multiyear monthly records obtained at the sites of the Bermuda Atlantic TimeSeries Study (31u509N, 64u109W) and the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (22u459N, 158uW), however, provide compelling evidence of a significant removal of dissolved inorganic carbon (CT 5 [CO2] + [HCO 3 ] + [CO 2{ 3 ]), despite the 1 Corresponding author (ktl@postech.ac.kr).
Unsupervised clustering of ambulatory audio and video

A truly personal and reactive computer system should have access to the same information as its user, including the ambient sights and sounds. To this end, we have developed a system for extracting events and scenes from natural audio/visual input. We find our system can (without any prior labeling of data) cluster the audio/visual data into events, such as passing through doors and crossing the street. Also, we hierarchically cluster these events into scenes and get clusters that correlate with visiting the supermarket, or walking down a busy street.
Review of electronic patient-reported outcomes systems used in cancer clinical care.

PURPOSE The use of electronic patient-reported outcomes (PRO) systems is increasing in cancer clinical care settings. This review comprehensively identifies existing PRO systems and explores how systems differ in the administration of PRO assessments, the integration of information into the clinic workflow and electronic health record (EHR) systems, and the reporting of PRO information. METHODS Electronic PRO (e-PRO) systems were identified through a semistructured review of published studies, gray literature, and expert identification. System developers were contacted to provide detailed e-PRO system characteristics and clinical implementation information using a structured review form. RESULTS A total of 33 unique systems implemented in cancer clinical practice were identified. Of these, 81% provided detailed information about system characteristics. Two system classifications were established: treatment-centered systems designed for patient monitoring during active cancer treatment (n = 8) and patient-centered systems following patients across treatment and survivorship periods (n = 19). There was little consensus on administration, integration, or result reporting between these system types. Patient-centered systems were more likely to provide user-friendly features such as at-home assessments, integration into larger electronic system networks (eg, EHRs), and more robust score reporting options. Well-established systems were more likely to have features that increased assessment flexibility (eg, location, automated reminders) and better clinical integration. CONCLUSION The number of e-PRO systems has increased. Systems can be programmed to have numerous features that facilitate integration of PRO assessment and routine monitoring into clinical care. Important barriers to system usability and widespread adoption include assessment flexibility, clinical integration, and high-quality data collection and reporting.
Metformin in Lung Cancer: Review of in Vitro and in Vivo Animal Studies

Cancer cells display enhanced growth rates and a resistance to apoptosis. The ability of cancer cells to evade homeostasis and proliferate uncontrollably while avoiding programmed cell death/apoptosis is acquired through mutations to key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival and these mutations allow them to develop resistance to many chemotherapeutic agents, highlighting the need for development of new potent anti-cancer agents. Metformin has long been used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes and has recently attracted attention as a potential agent to be used in the treatment of cancer. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo animal studies focusing on the anti-lung cancer effects of metformin and its effects on key proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways.
Acquiring Skill in Sport

For everybody, if you want to start joining with others to read a book, this acquiring skill in sport is much recommended. And you need to get the book here, in the link download that we provide. Why should be here? If you want other kind of books, you will always find them. Economics, politics, social, sciences, religions, Fictions, and more books are supplied. These available books are in the soft files.
Different Techniques of On-the-Fly Search on SQL Relational Database: Survey

: Searching in a database was harder task in earlier times. In order to make search faster and easy, different techniques were developed. Main aim was to enter a query, even by an ignorant user so that he can get the results easily and also the cost of retrieval should be low. So we have selected some of the techniques and evaluated them. When the size of the increases it becomes even tough to retrieve the results. An Optimal search technique must render the requested data in a stipulated time based on the user query. Since large amount of data has to be processed, there has to be some order for ranking the queries to make the search a more efficient one. On-the-fly search is a method which gives answers when user types in a keyword query, one after the another character by character. This system which retrieves answers when a user types a keyword query is search-as-you-type The survey is based on the different techniques for search-as-you-type on the data present in a relational DBMS. The main aim of different methods is how to implement search as-you-type using the native language for database mainly SQL. Improving actual database functionalities to achieve improved performance in order to get an interactive speed is the main problem. Performance of the search can be increased using auxiliary indexes.
In the blink of an eye: the circadian effects on ocular and subjective indices of driver sleepiness

Driver sleepiness contributes substantially to fatal and severe crashes and the contribution it makes to less serious crashes is likely to as great or greater. Currently, drivers’ awareness of sleepiness (subjective sleepiness) remains a critical component for the mitigation of sleep-related crashes. Nonetheless, numerous calls have been made for technological monitors of drivers’ physiological sleepiness levels so drivers can be ‘alerted’ when approaching high levels of sleepiness. Several physiological indices of sleepiness show potential as a reliable metric to monitor drivers’ sleepiness levels, with eye blink indices being a promising candidate. However, extensive evaluations of eye blink measures are lacking including the effects that the endogenous circadian rhythm can have on eye blinks. To examine the utility of ocular measures, 26 participants completed a simulated driving task while physiological measures of blink rate and duration were recorded after partial sleep restriction. To examine the circadian effects participants were randomly assigned to complete either a morning or an afternoon session of the driving task. The results show subjective sleepiness levels increased over the duration of the task. The blink duration index was sensitive to increases in sleepiness during morning testing, but was not sensitive during afternoon testing. This finding suggests that the utility of blink indices as a reliable metric for sleepiness are still far from specific. The subjective measures had the largest effect size when compared to the blink measures. Therefore, awareness of sleepiness still remains a critical factor for driver sleepiness and the mitigation of sleep-related crashes.
Alterations in dendrite and spine morphology of cortical pyramidal neurons in DISC1-binding zinc finger protein (DBZ) knockout mice

Dendrite and dendritic spine formation are crucial for proper brain function. DISC1-binding zinc finger protein (DBZ) was first identified as a Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia1 (DISC1) binding partner. DBZ is highly expressed in the cerebral cortex of developing and adult rodents and is involved in neurite formation, cell positioning, and the development of interneurons and oligodendrocytes. The functional roles of DBZ in postnatal brain remain unknown; thus we investigated cortical pyramidal neuron morphology in DBZ knockout (KO) mice. Morphological analyses by Golgi staining alone in DBZ KO mice revealed decreased dendritic arborization, increased spine density. A morphological analysis of the spines revealed markedly increased numbers of thin spines. To investigate whole spine structure in detail, electron tomographic analysis using ultra-high voltage electron microscopy (UHVEM) combined with Golgi staining was performed. Tomograms and three-dimensional models of spines revealed that the spines of DBZ KO mice exhibited two types of characteristic morphology, filopodia-like spines and abnormal thin-necked spines having an extremely thin spine neck. Moreover, conventional electron microscopy revealed significantly decreased number of postsynaptic densities (PSDs) in spines of DBZ KO mice. In conclusion, DBZ deficiency impairs the morphogenesis of dendrites and spines in cortical pyramidal neurons.
Hidradenitis suppurativa

Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent, painful, deep‐seated, rounded nodules and abscesses of apocrine gland‐bearing skin. Subsequent suppuration, sinus tracts and hypertrophic scarring are its main features. Onset is usually after puberty, although it is most common during the third decade and may persist in old age. The disease tends to be chronic and may develop to subcutaneous extension leading to indurations, sinus, and fistula having a profound impact on the quality of life. The prevalence is 1% in several studies. Axillary and inguinal involvement is more common in females; peri‐anal and buttocks localizations are prevalent in males. The exact aetiology remains unknown. The primary event is a follicular occlusion with secondary inflammation, infection and destruction of the pilo‐sebaceo‐apocrine apparatus and extension to the adjacent sub‐cutaneous tissue. Infection is common. Smoking may be a triggering factor. Obesity aggravates the discomfort. Differential diagnostic includes Crohn's disease, nodular acne and furonculosis. The main complications are arthropathy, carcinoma. Treatment depends upon the stage of the disease. Early nodular lesions may be treated by antibiotics for acute stage; long‐term antibiotics, zinc salts may be useful as maintenance treatment; anti‐TNF drugs have been used in severe cases; systemic steroids, estrogens, anti‐androgens, retinoids have been used as options with limited success. Surgical treatment includes incision with or without drainage for limited abscesses; limited excisions are used for locally recurring draining sinuses. Total wide excision and healing with secondary intention or flaps and grafts is the only curative procedure in case of advanced disease.
Recent Advances on Inorganic Nanoparticle-Based Cancer Therapeutic Agents

Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely investigated as therapeutic agents for cancer treatments in biomedical fields due to their unique physical/chemical properties, versatile synthetic strategies, easy surface functionalization and excellent biocompatibility. This review focuses on the discussion of several types of inorganic nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutic agents, including gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Several cancer therapy techniques are briefly introduced at the beginning. Emphasis is placed on how these inorganic nanoparticles can provide enhanced therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment through site-specific accumulation, targeted drug delivery and stimulated drug release, with elaborations on several examples to highlight the respective strategies adopted. Finally, a brief summary and future challenges are included.
Strong Acute Toxicity, Severe Hepatic Damage, Renal Injury and Abnormal Serum Electrolytes after Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Fluoride in Rats

Strong Acute Toxicity, Severe Hepatic Damage, Renal Injury and Abnormal Serum Electrolytes after Intravenous Administration of Cadmium Fluoride in Rats: Kazuya Adachi, et al. Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College—Cadmium fluoride (CdF) is commonly used as an insulator for ulta high speed mass telecommunications equipment, and there is a considerable risk that industrial workers will inhale CdF particles. Despite the possibility that acute exposure can cause harmful systemic effects, there are no studies to date that address the health consequences of acute CdF exposure. This study therefore aimed to determine the acute lethal dose of CdF and its effects on various target organs, including the liver and kidney. We also determined the effect of CdF on serum electrolytes and acid‐base balance. The effective lethal dose was determined and dose‐response study was conducted after intravenous administration of CdF in rats. The 24 h LD50 of CdF was determined to be 3.29 mg/kg. The dose‐response study used doses of 1.34, 2.67, 4.01 mg/kg CdF. Saline or sodium fluoride solution were used for controles. Severe hepatocellular injury was induced at doses greater than 2.67 mg/kg, as demonstrated by AST and ALT activities greater than 1,500 IU/l in rats injected with a dose of 4.01 mg/kg. Acute renal failure was induced at doses greater than 2.67 mg/kg. Decreased serum Ca, increased serum K and metabolic acidosis were induced at a dose of 4.01 mg/kg. Decreased serum Ca was caused by exposure to ionized F. CdF has the strongest lethal and hepatic toxicity among all Cd containing compounds.
Molecular characterization and analysis of a novel calcium-dependent protein kinase from Eimeria tenella

SUMMARY The calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are unique enzymes found only in plants, green algae, ciliates and apicomplexan parasites. In this study, a novel CDPK gene of Eimeria tenella, designed EtCDPK3, was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) based on the expressed sequence tag (EST). The entire cDNA of EtCDPK3 contained 1637 nucleotides encoding 433 amino acids and the deduced EtCDPK3 protein had canonical characteristic domains identified in other CDPKs, including a well-conserved amino-terminal kinase domain and a carboxy-terminal calmodulin-like structure with 4 EF-hand motifs for calcium binding. The expression profiles of the EtCDPK3 gene in different development stages were investigated by real-time quantitative PCR. Messenger RNA levels from the EtCDPK3 gene were higher in sporozoites than in other stages (unsporulated oocysts, sporulated oocysts and merozoites). Western blot analysis showed that rabbit antiserum against recombinant EtCDPK3 could recognize a native 49 kDa protein band of parasite. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody labelling revealed dispersed localization of EtCDPK3 during the first schizogony and intense specific staining. EtCDPK3 was located at the apical end of the sporozoites after early infection of DF-1 cells and the protein was highly expressed. Inhibition of EtCDPK3 function using specific antibodies reduced the ability of E. tenella to invade host cells. These results suggested that EtCDPK3 may be involved in invasion and survival of the parasite intracellular stages of E. tenella. Because this kinase family is absent from hosts, it represents a valid target that could be exploited for chemotherapy against Eimeria spp.
How much does the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program alleviate food insecurity? Evidence from recent programme leavers

Abstract Objective To estimate the effect of the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on the food security (consistent access to adequate food) of recipients, net of the effect of the self-selection of more food-needy households into the programme. Design The food security of current SNAP recipients and recent leavers is compared in cross-sectional survey data, adjusting for economic and demographic differences using multivariate logistic regression methods. A similar analysis in 2-year longitudinal panels provides additional control for selection on unobserved variables based on food security status in the previous year. Setting Household survey data collected for the US Department of Agriculture by the US Census Bureau. Subjects Households interviewed in the Current Population Survey Food Security Supplements from 2001 to 2009. Results The odds of very low food security among households that continued on SNAP through the end of a survey year were 28 % lower than among those that left SNAP prior to the 30-d period during which food security was assessed. In 2-year panels with controls for the severity of food insecurity in the previous year, the difference in odds was 45 %. Conclusions The results are consistent with, or somewhat higher than, the estimates from the strongest previous research designs and suggest that the ameliorative effect of SNAP on very low food security is in the range of 20–50 %.