Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Precipitation condition and effect of volume fraction on corrosion properties of secondary phase on casted super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750

Purpose The secondary phase decreased the corrosion resistance because of the segregation of Cr and Mo. Therefore, this paper aims to study the precipitation condition and the effect of secondary phase with volume fraction on corrosion behavior. Design/methodology/approach Secondary phase precipitated approximately from 375°C to 975°C because of saturated Cr and Mo at grain boundary by growth of austenite. Therefore, heat treatment from 800°C to 1,300°C was applied to start the precipitation of the secondary phase. Findings The secondary phase is precipitated at 1,020°C because of segregation by heterogeneous austenite. The growth of austenite at 1,000°C needs the time to saturate the Cr and Mo at grain boundary. When the volume fraction of austenite is 56 per cent (14 min at 1,000°C), the secondary phase is precipitated with grain boundary of austenite. The secondary phase increased the current density (corrosion rate) and decreased the passivation. That is checked to the critical pitting temperature (CPT) curves. The 1 per cent volume fraction of secondary phase decreased CPT to 60°C from 71°C. Research limitations/implications The precipitation of secondary phase not wants anyone. Casted super-duplex stainless steel (SDSS) of big size precipitates the secondary phase. This study worked the precipitation condition and the suppression conditions of secondary phase. Social implications Manufacturers need precipitation condition to make high-performance SDSS. Originality/value The corrosion resistance of SDSS is hard the optimization because SDSS is dual-phase stainless steel. The precipitation of the secondary phase must be controlled to optimize of the corrosion resistance of SDSS. Anyone not studied the precipitation condition of secondary phase and the effect of secondary phase with volume fraction on corrosion behavior of SDSS.
Short-range ultrasonic digital communications in air

The use of ultrasound in air as a means of communicating digital signals is demonstrated. The work uses capacitive transducers with a useful bandwidth to transmit digitally coded signals across an air gap in the laboratory, using three of the common methods used in digital communications. These are on-off keying (OOK), binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK), and binary phase shift keying (BPSK). All three methods are simulated numerically using the available bandwidth of the transducer systems and are compared to results obtained experimentally. It is demonstrated that BPSK can be used to transmit signals with a low bit error rate.
Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Primary Hepatobiliary Malignancies and Non-Colorectal Liver Metastases

Background and Aims: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy may increase the possibility of radical resection in the case of liver malignancy. Concerns have been raised about the high morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure, particularly when applied for diagnoses other than colorectal liver metastases. The aim of this study was to analyze the initial experience with associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy in cases of non-colorectal liver metastases and primary hepatobiliary malignancies in Scandinavia. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy procedures performed at two Swedish university hospitals for non-colorectal liver metastases and primary hepatobiliary malignancies was performed. The primary focus was on the safety of the procedure. Results and Conclusion: Ten patients were included: four had hepatocellular cancer, three had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, one had a Klatskin tumor, one had ocular melanoma metastasis, and one had a metastasis from a Wilms’ tumor. All patients completed both operations, and the highest grade of complication (according to the Clavien-Dindo classification) was 3A, which was observed in one patient. No 90-day mortality was observed. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in nine patients, while the resection was R2 in one patient. The low morbidity and mortality observed in this cohort compared with those of earlier reports on associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy for diagnoses other than colorectal liver metastases may be related to the selection of patients with limited comorbidity. In addition, procedures other than associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy had been avoided in most of the patients. In conclusion, associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy can be applied to primary hepatobiliary malignancies and non-colorectal liver metastases with acceptable rates of morbidity and mortality.
Effect of biofeedback training on operator's cognitive performance.

BACKGROUND Predominantly cognitive tasks assigned to the shop floor can lead to decreased cognitive functions problems, thereby increasing occupational accident risks. A potential approach to prevent such circumstances is by improving operator's cognitive performance. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training could improve cognitive performance among electronic manufacturing's operators. PARTICIPANTS Subjects consisted of 36 female operators who were randomly assigned as the experimental (n=19), and control group (n=17). METHOD The experimental participants received five session of weekly HRV biofeedback training of 30-50 minutes each. Physiological stress profiles and cognitive performance were assessed at pre and post-intervention. RESULTS Significant group x time effects were observed for attention and memory (p< 0.01) but not present for cognitive flexibility. Significant higher total spectrum HRV and low frequency (LF) power also occurred during biofeedback sessions, in addition to slower respiration rate. Physiological stress profile showed that the biofeedback participants were able to increase their LF activity at baseline, stressor, and recovery periods from pre to post. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates potential application of HRV biofeedback for operator's performance enhancement, associated with increases in HRV.
Production , Manufacturing and Logistics Emergency lateral transshipments in a two-location inventory system with positive transshipment leadtimes

We consider a single-echelon continuous review inventory system for spare parts with two parallel locations. Each location faces independent Poisson demand and backorders are allowed. In this paper we consider the possibility of lateral transshipments between the locations. The transshipment leadtime is positive and deterministic, and there is an additional cost for making a transshipment. We suggest a transshipment policy which is based on the timing of all outstanding orders, and develop and solve a heuristic model by using theory and concepts from doubly stochastic Poisson processes and also partial differential equations. A simulation study indicates that our heuristic works very well, and that the relative cost increase of disregarding the transshipment leadtime may be quite high. Our results also indicate that it is, in general, worth the effort of reducing the transshipment leadtime, even if it is already relatively short. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys

Background Although specific phobia is highly prevalent, associated with impairment, and an important risk factor for the development of other mental disorders, cross-national epidemiological data are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries. This paper presents epidemiological data from 22 low-, lower-middle-, upper-middle- and high-income countries. Method Data came from 25 representative population-based surveys conducted in 22 countries (2001–2011) as part of the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys initiative (n = 124 902). The presence of specific phobia as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition was evaluated using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Results The cross-national lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates of specific phobia were, respectively, 7.4% and 5.5%, being higher in females (9.8 and 7.7%) than in males (4.9% and 3.3%) and higher in high- and higher-middle-income countries than in low-/lower-middle-income countries. The median age of onset was young (8 years). Of the 12-month patients, 18.7% reported severe role impairment (13.3–21.9% across income groups) and 23.1% reported any treatment (9.6–30.1% across income groups). Lifetime co-morbidity was observed in 60.5% of those with lifetime specific phobia, with the onset of specific phobia preceding the other disorder in most cases (72.6%). Interestingly, rates of impairment, treatment use and co-morbidity increased with the number of fear subtypes. Conclusions Specific phobia is common and associated with impairment in a considerable percentage of cases. Importantly, specific phobia often precedes the onset of other mental disorders, making it a possible early-life indicator of psychopathology vulnerability.
Definition of ICME

What is ICME? As some confusion exists regarding its definition in the scientific community, deliberating on this topic is worthwhile. In fact, litigating on some of the terms needs attention so that redundancies related to other fields, pedagogical lapses in education, misunderstandings of researchers who are trying to garner funding, and minimal use of integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) in industry can be decreased. First, let us consider what is not ICME.
Test Case Prioritization: A Family of Empirical Studies

To reduce the cost of regression testing, software testers may prioritize their test cases so that those which are more important, by some measure, are run earlier in the regression testing process. One potential goal of such prioritization is to increase a test suite's rate of fault detection. Previous work reported results of studies that showed that prioritization techniques can significantly improve rate of fault detection. Those studies, however, raised several additional questions: 1) Can prioritization techniques be effective when targeted at specific modified versions; 2) what trade-offs exist between fine granularity and coarse granularity prioritization techniques; 3) can the incorporation of measures of fault proneness into prioritization techniques improve their effectiveness? To address these questions, we have performed several new studies in which we empirically compared prioritization techniques using both controlled experiments and case studies.
Towards a Framework to Facilitate the Mobile Advertising Ecosystem

To date, app developers are allowed to monetize their apps in two services: in-app advertising and in-app billing. Of these two, in-app billing is not prevalently used by users, whereas in-app advertising is considered an important funding source for developers. However, this service incurs a number of criticisms: (1) users must passively receive all mobile ads while using apps, (2) users get nothing from viewing or clicking ads, (3) ad networks transfer user private information to remote servers in an unencrypted format without user consent, and (4) negative impressions brought from irrelevant ads may harm the advertised brands. To overcome these problems, we propose In-App AdPay, a framework that combines the advantages of "in-app advertising" and "in-app billing" together so that ad networks can overtly ask users' permissions in order to serve more tailored ads, but in return, advertisers will pay targeted users' virtual transactions within the app (e.g., coins in mobile games) via a secure channel. While mobile users can be brought into the monetization loop, it will be technically and legitimately easier for ad networks to study users. We implemented the proof-of-concept framework and conducted a test with 42 volunteers. Based on these studies, we believe that "In-App AdPay" would balance user privacy and user experience without interfering with the existing monetization arrangements. Lastly, we reveal how tracked-by-consent users react in different test scenarios and value the permissions used in ad libraries.
Modelling the dynamic dose response of an nMAG polymer gel dosimeter

Gel dosimetry measures the absorbed radiation dose with high spatial resolution in 3D. However, recently published data show that the response of metacrylic-based polymer gels depends on the segmented delivery pattern, which could potentially be a considerable disadvantage for measurements of modern dynamic radiotherapy techniques. The aim of this study is to design a dynamic compartment model for the response of a gel dosimeter, exposed to an arbitrary irradiation pattern (segmented delivery and intensity modulation), in order to evaluate the associated effects on absorbed dose measurements. The model is based on the separation of the protons affecting the magnetic resonance signal (i.e. the R2 value) into six compartments, described by a set of differential equations. The model is used to calculate R2 values for a number of different segmented delivery patterns between 0–4 Gy over 1–33 fractions. Very good agreement is found between calculated and measured R2 values, with an average difference of 0.3 ± 1.1% (1 SD). The model is also used to predict the behaviour of a gel dosimeter exposed to irradiation according to typical IMRT, VMAT and respiratory gating scenarios. The calculated R2 values are approximately independent of the segmented delivery, given that the same total dose is delivered during the same total time. It is concluded that this study helps to improve the theoretical understanding of the dependence of metacrylic-based polymer gel response to segmented radiation delivery.
Comparison of Adolescents with Klinefelter Syndrome according to the Circumstances of Diagnosis: Amniocentesis versus Clinical Signs

Aims: We compared the phenotype of adolescents with Klinefelter syndrome diagnosed by amniocentesis or postnatally to the general population with a view to evidence-based genetic counselling. Methods: The charts of 28 patients seen between ages 12 and 18 years were reviewed. Physical and neurodevelopmental data were compared between patients diagnosed by chance (amniocentesis, group A, n = 11) or on the basis of symptoms (group B, n = 17) and the general population. Our hypothesis was that group A would have a more heterogeneous and less severe phenotype than group B. Results: All patients had spontaneous puberty. The 2 patient groups were similar in physical development. Mean testosteronemia became lower than the normal mean from age 14 years. Compared to the general population, the prevalence of gynecomastia and school delay in group A was not significantly different (gynecomastia 33 vs. 40%, p = 0.70; school delay 40 vs. 20%, p = 0.25). In contrast, gynecomastia (77%) and school delay (56%) were significantly more frequent in group B than in the general population (p = 0.01 for both). Conclusions: Although they are based on a small number of patients, our data provide the groundwork for cautious optimism in prenatal counselling for Klinefelter syndrome.
Fabrication of Bioactive Co-Cr-Mo-W Alloy by Using Doubled Sandblasting Process and Apatite Nuclei Treatment

Roughened surface was formed on the surface of Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy substrate by applying doubled sandblasting method using silicon carbide grinding particles with 14 μm and subsequently 8 μm in average diameter. In order to impart hydroxyapatite formation ability to the Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy, the substrate was immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma adjusted at higher pH in comparison with those of physiological SBF and heated. By this treatment, apatite nuclei were formed on the Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy. By immersion in physiological SBF, hydroxyapatite covered whole surface of the substrate within 3 days and high hydroxyapatite formation ability was performed. The formed hydroxyapatite layer was adhered by mechanical interlocking effect between the substrate with roughened surface and the hydroxyapatite layer.
Boosting Salt Resistance of Short Antimicrobial Peptides

ABSTRACT The efficacies of many antimicrobial peptides are greatly reduced under high salt concentrations, therefore limiting their use as pharmaceutical agents. Here, we describe a strategy to boost salt resistance and serum stability of short antimicrobial peptides by adding the nonnatural bulky amino acid β-naphthylalanine to their termini. The activities of the short salt-sensitive tryptophan-rich peptide S1 were diminished at high salt concentrations, whereas the activities of its β-naphthylalanine end-tagged variants were less affected.
Thermodynamic limitations for alkali metals in Cu(In,Ga)Se_2

The efficiency of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 (CIGS)-based solar cells could be continuously increased up to 22.6% by employing alkali metal dopants like Na, K, Rb, and Cs. The alkali metals are supplied to the CIGS layer from the glass substrate during deposition, from precursor layers or by a post deposition treatment. The alkali metal distribution in CIGS is not homogenous. Independently of the alkali metals used, their concentration at grain boundaries is much higher than that inside the grains. In this contribution, we discuss thermodynamic limitations for alkali metals in CIGS and show that in higher concentrations they are responsible for secondary phase separation. Applying the concept of immiscibility of phases for alkali metals in CIGS, we suggest how segregation at grain boundaries, formation of clusters in CIGS grains, sporadic formation of microstructures in the CIGS layer (hotspots, nodules), and separation of secondary phases with ordered structures can be interpreted.
Central NUCB2/Nesfatin‐1‐Expressing Neurones Belong to the Hypothalamic‐Brainstem Circuitry Activated by Hypoglycaemia

Nesfatin‐1 is a recently identified 82 amino acid peptide shown to have an anorexigenic effect on rodents when administrered centrally and peripherally. Nesfatin‐1 is expressed not only in neurones of various brain areas, including the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei, but also in peripheral organs, such as the stomach and the pancreas. Nesfatinergic neurones were reported to participate in the regulation of satiety signals and in the responses to other stimuli, including restraint stress, abdominal surgery, and lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate whether NUCB2/nesfatin‐1 expressing neurones also take part in the central signalling activated in response to hypoglycaemia and therefore are involved in central glucose sensing. Using immunolabelling methods based on the detection of the neuronal activation marker c‐Fos and of nesfatin‐1, we showed that peripheral injection of insulin induced a strong activation of nesfatin‐1‐expressing neurones in the brain vagal‐regulatory nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) and nucleus of the tractus solitarius. In response to intracellular glucopaenia induced by i.p. or i.c. v. 2‐deoxyglucose injection, the c‐Fos/nesfatin‐1 colocalisations observed at the hypothalamic and brainstem levels were similar to those observed after insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia. Moreover, using Fluorogold as a retrograde tracer, we showed that nesfatinergic preganglionic DMNX neurones activated by hypoglycaemia target the stomach and the pancreas. Taken together, these results suggest that a subpopulation of nesfatinergic neurones belongs to the central network activated by hypoglycaemia, and that nesfatin‐1 participates in the triggering of physiological and hormonal counter‐regulations observed in response to hypoglycaemia.
A simulation analysis of the strength of an innovative supporting structure of a mechnical pneumatic seed drill

: In order to increase the efficiency of farming machines it is necessary to increase their size. It involves the need to apply new methods optimizing strength parameters to reduce the weight of machines without deterioration of their constructional properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was numerical analysis of an innovative construction of the supporting frame of a mechanical pneumatic seed drill. Data concerning the conditions of operation were used to prepare load characteristics. The data concerning the construction were used to prepare calculation models for the finite element method (FEM). The simulation tests and the analysis of the results provided information about the distribution of tensions in the construction of the supporting frame of the seed drill. The strength analysis is significant due to the new method of assembling the supporting frame of the seed drill.
Setting up an Ultra-Wideband positioning system using off-the-shelf components

With the advanced performance offered by modern embedded systems and the continuous development of ever more complex applications, integration of positioning techniques into these systems gets increased attention. The pressure to reduce the time to market creates a need to rapidly designing subsystems for localization. For indoor applications, quickly employable received signal strength-based methods like Bluetooth or WLAN have the drawback of poor accuracy. In contrast, proprietary solutions providing high accuracy, e.g. FMCW radar, require enormous development efforts and thus are costly. Furthermore, most systems suffer from multi-path effects, finally degrading positioning performance. Ultra-Wideband offers accuracy in the centimetre range, moreover alleviating multi-path due to utilizing high bandwidth. After including positioning support in the IEEE 802.15. 4a standard, the first commercial Ultra-Wideband IC are now available. The paper presents the steps taken to build a fully working positioning system based on off-the-shelf components and introduces the necessary background knowledge. Specifically, the hardware and software design is described, costs are evaluated, and measurements regarding the accuracy of the final system are executed. Two positioning techniques, i.e. Circular and Hyperbolic, are compared. Both provide an average error of around 30 cm, but differ in the maximum error.
Effect of synthetic carbon substrates and cane molasses, an agro waste on exopolysaccharide production by P. fluorescens

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) from P.fluorescens was produced using sucrose and sugarcane molasses as the carbon substrates at different concentrations (1-7%), at different incubation time (12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr). The extraction was carried out using ethanol precipitation technique. The lyophilized samples were analysed for its total carbohydrates content. The predominant sugar was found to be glucose by TLC. The functional groups were identified using FT-IR spectroscopy. Maximum production was given by the medium containing 5% sugarcane molasses and was found to be 2843 mg/l at 48 hr after which the production decreased. The EPS production using sugarcane molasses gave comparatively a higher yield than sucrose, which could be commercialized for a cost effective production of this viscous to plastic polymers.