Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The BigChaos Solution to the Netflix Prize 2008

The team “BellKor in BigChaos” is a combined team of team BellKor and BigChaos. The solution with a RMSE of 0.8616 is created by a linear blend of the results from both teams. In the following paper we describe the results of BigChaos. 1 Preface During the last 2 years of research we tried a variety of different collaborative filtering algorithms. In the following we describe all methods which turned out to be useful for the Netflix Prize competition. In sections 4 to 18 we describe all algorithms used to produce our predictions, listed in section 20. We minimized the RMSE of each individual predictor on the probe set. Whenever possible, we therefore take a simple automatic parameter tuner described in section 3 to tune the meta parameters. Details are reported in the section describing the individual algorithm, and for each predictor, the meta parameters used are reported in section 20. If an algorithm has been trained on the residuals of another, we note that explicitly; others are based on raw ratings. Exact details can again be found in the predictor listing in section 20. Here we note for every predictor, if it was based on the residuals of another algorithm. 2 Notation Throughout the document we keep the following notation. A user is denoted with u and item/movie with i. The rating given by user u to item i is denoted by rui. Predictions for the rating rui are denoted with rui. N(i) stands for the set of users who voted the item i, and N(u) is the set of items voted by the user u. N(u, i) is the set of the K most similar items to item i which were rated by user u and is therefore a subset of N(u). The learning rate is called η and the regularization λ. Constants like α, β, γ, δ θ, θ, . can have different meanings for every algorithm. 3 Parameter Tuner In several algorithms like in Section 5, there is a need for tuning parameters, in order to minimize the RMSE of a particular predictor. We use two algorithms to automatically tune them. The target is to adjust N parameters pi, to minimize the RMSE on the probe set with the error of a given set of parameters being denoted as E(p1, p2, ., pN ). In general, finding good parameters is a mixture of good manual setting and some automatic fine tuning. Both methods described below, are sensitive to the initialization values of pi. They are not guaranteed to find a global optimum, and can easily get stuck in local optima. So starting with a random initialization of the parameters does not guarantee to get the best solution. To ensure that all our results are reproducible, we report all found parameter values for each individual predictor in section 20. Note that the reported values are these, which we found and used. For most algorithms there may be a much better parameterization.
Mindfulness based interventions for depression and anxiety in Asian Population: A systematic review

Introduction: Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) have emerged as effective interventions for various psychiatric conditions including depression and anxiety. Asia being home to Buddhist tradition, it will be interesting to explore the trend and efficacy of MBIs in Asian population in Asian settings. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review of mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) for management of depression and anxiety (disorders or symptoms) in Asian population. Material And Method: Two researchers independently searched for literature published between January 2007 to December 2018 in Medline, Google Scholar, PsychInfo and Cochrane library using the search terms - ‘Mindfulness/Vipassana’ combined with ‘meditation’, ‘intervention’ ‘therapy’, ‘depression', ‘anxiety’ ‘Asia’ etc. Further, publications were also identified from the references recited in the retrieved articles. After screening 185 articles and applying the eligibility criteria, 40 articles were finally selected for the systematic review. Results: Out of 40 selected articles, 33 articles were controlled trials and 7 had a pre-post test design without any control group. Most of the published studies have evaluated MBCT and MBSR for depressive and anxiety symptoms in different settings. Some of the studies have tested traditional Buddhist meditation and modified models. Overall, MBCT and MBSR seem to be efficacious over ‘routine treatment’ or ‘no treatment’ control for reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms at the end of the treatment. Studies which have modified MBIs based on MBCT/MBSR models have also demonstrated their feasibility and short term efficacy in specific populations like medical professionals with evidence for short term efficacy. Conclusion: Overall, there is emerging evidence of MBIs for depression and anxiety across diverse settings in Asia. Future research should address methodological limitations of current research to strengthen the evidence.
SCANDALee: A side-ChANnel-based DisAssembLer using local electromagnetic emanations

Side-channel analysis has become a well-established topic in the scientific community and industry over the last one and a half decade. Somewhat surprisingly, the vast majority of work on side-channel analysis has been restricted to the “use case” of attacking cryptographic implementations through the recovery of keys. In this contribution, we show how side-channel analysis can be used for extracting code from embedded systems based on a CPU's electromagnetic emanation. There are many applications within and outside the security community where this is desirable. In cryptography, it can, e.g., be used for recovering proprietary ciphers and security protocols. Another broad application field is general security and reverse engineering, e.g., for detecting IP violations of firmware or for debugging embedded systems when there is no debug interface or it is proprietary. A core feature of our approach is that we take localized electromagnetic measurements that are spatially distributed over the IC being analyzed. Given these multiple inputs, we model code extraction as a classification problem that we solve with supervised learning algorithms. We apply a variant of linear discriminant analysis to distinguish between the multiple classes. In contrast to previous approaches, which reported instruction recognition rates between 40-70%, our approach detects more than 95% of all instructions for test code, and close to 90% for real-world code. The methods are thus very relevant for use in practice. Our method performs dynamic code recognition, which has both advantages (only the program parts that are actually executed are observed) but also limitations (rare code executions are difficult to observe).
Elsevier Editorial System(tm) for Journal of Monetary Economics Manuscript Draft Response to the Editor on 12-255r1 Response to Referee's Report on 12-255 R1 Pricing in Inflationary Times: the Penny Drops*

This paper examines how the frequency and magnitude of micro price rises and falls relate to macroeconomic crisis, as well as moderation. Weekly micro pricing behaviour in groceries, Britain's most important consumer market, is investigated for 370 precisely defined products matched across the leading three retailers over the moderation period 2004-7 and the crisis period 2008-10. We find significant price flexibility of a form sharply distinguished from behaviour observed in most previous work. Downward price flexibility increases markedly in 2008. Overall basket prices rise, but significantly more individual prices fall than rise in the latter period. This is consistent with retailers obscuring the fact of rising basket prices in order to push cost increases through into price rises. Tests of obfuscation in price setting suggest the large numbers of small price falls were used to disguise price rises. Thank you very much for your very positive response to us on our revised paper: " Pricing in inflationary times: the penny drops ". We are glad that you found that version much improved, but of course understand that when substantial changes have been made, related or additional issues are likely to arise that need work. We certainly appreciate the detailed constructive advice you have offered us on the content and structure of our paper. In consequence, we have worked hard on this revised version attached. We have attempted in the version we attach to respond fully but intelligently to your proposed changes, as well as those of the referee. We attach a separate note addressed to the referee's points. On (1) we accept your point that the coincidence of high inflation and many price cuts is neither a " puzzle " nor a causal claim. We have therefore eliminated all claims and suggestions to this effect. More positively, we have focused the early material on establishing, through what we hope is a " killer " figure, our main fact. This becomes figure 1. It consists of three elements, a CPI index, a CPI-equivalent based on our data, and the ratio of price falls to price rises. It thereby shows that average prices are increasing at the same time as more individual prices are falling than rising. We collect the relevant facts plus minimal background in section 2, and have shortened considerably the amount of exposition that gets us to this point, cutting it to 5 pages. We have merged sections 3 …
Neurodevelopmental Role for VGLUT2 in Pyramidal Neuron Plasticity, Dendritic Refinement, and in Spatial Learning

The level and integrity of glutamate transmission during critical periods of postnatal development plays an important role in the refinement of pyramidal neuron dendritic arbor, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. Presently, it is not clear how excitatory transmission via the two predominant isoforms of the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1 and VGLUT2) participate in this process. To assess a neurodevelopmental role for VGLUT2 in pyramidal neuron maturation, we generated recombinant VGLUT2 knock-out mice and inactivated VGLUT2 throughout development using Emx1-Cre+/+ knock-in mice. We show that VGLUT2 deficiency in corticolimbic circuits results in reduced evoked glutamate transmission, release probability, and LTD at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses during a formative developmental period (postnatal days 11–14). In adults, we find a marked reduction in the amount of dendritic arbor across the span of the dendritic tree of CA1 pyramidal neurons and reduced long-term potentiation and levels of synaptic markers spinophilin and VGLUT1. Loss of dendritic arbor is accompanied by corresponding reductions in the number of dendritic spines, suggesting widespread alterations in synaptic connectivity. Conditional VGLUT2 knock-out mice exhibit increased open-field exploratory activity yet impaired spatial learning and memory, endophenotypes similar to those of NMDA receptor knock-down mice. Remarkably, the impairment in learning can be partially restored by selectively increasing NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission in adult mice by prolonged treatment with d-serine and a d-amino acid oxidase inhibitor. Our data indicate that VGLUT2 expression is pivotal to the proper development of mature pyramidal neuronal architecture and plasticity, and that such glutamatergic deficiency leads to cognitive malfunction as observed in several neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.
Incremental testing of object-oriented class structures

Although there is much interest in creating libraries of well-designed, thoroughly-tested classes that can be confidently reused for many applications, few class testing techniques have been developed. In this paper, we present a class testing technique that exploits the hierarchical nature of the inheritance relation to test related groups of classes by reusing the testing information for a parent class to guide the testing of a subclass. We initially test base classes having no parents by designing a test suite that tests each member function individually and also tests the interactions among member functions. To design a test suite for a subclass, our algorithm incrementally updates the history of its parent to reflect both the modified, inherited attributes and the subclass's newly defined attributes. Only those new attributes or affected, inherited attributes are tested and the parent class' test suites are reused, if possible, for the testing. Inherited attributes are retested in their new context in a subclass by testing their interactions with the subclass's newly defined attributes. We have incorporated a data flow tester into Free Software Foundation, Inc's C++ compiler and are using it for our experimentation.
Sex differences in thoracic adaptation to pulmonary hyperinflation in cystic fibrosis

Sex differences in thoracic adaptation have been reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The interplay between the pattern of thoracic adaptation and the function of the respiratory muscles in male and female CF patients with pulmonary hyperinflation was investigated. Thoracic dimensions and diaphragm length were measured at residual volume, functional residual capacity and total lung capacity using chest radiography in 23 CF (12 males) and 18 normal (11 males) subjects. Respiratory muscle recruitment during resting breathing was assessed by recording intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressures. In female CF patients, ribcage expansion was predominant, tending to preserve diaphragm length. In male CF patients, thoracic configuration was normal and diaphragm shortening consequently greater. Ribcage cross-sectional area for a given rib inclination was greater in CF patients, indicating a structural expansion of the ribcage 2.5 times greater in females than males. The contribution of inspiratory ribcage muscles to inspiratory pressure was also greater relative to the diaphragm in the CF group. In conclusion, a structural expansion of the ribcage occurs in cystic fibrosis patients with lung hyperinflation that is greater in females than males. This is associated with an apparent greater contribution of inspiratory ribcage muscles to inspiratory pressure.
Biological Control of the European Green Crab, Carcinus Maenas: Natural Enemy Evaluation and Analysis of Host Specificity

Many introduced marine organisms are ecological and economic pests. Nevertheless, no management approach is available to mitigate their impacts. Now, a theoretical perspective borrows principles from classical biological control, as widely applied to terrestrial and fresh water systems, to control the abundance of introduced marine pests. A banner example of a marine pest is the European green crab, Carcinus maenas (L.) (Brachyura: Cancridae). This crab invaded San Francisco Bay in the late 1980s and has expanded its geographic range at a record rate. Studies on the Pacific coast of the U.S.A. and elsewhere strongly indicate that it is a worst-case introduction, affecting native organisms and potentially harming fisheries and aquaculture. Extensive studies show that a significant element of its success, where introduced, has been release from its natural enemies, notably parasites. Natural enemies are infectious agents with potential to contribute to green crab biological control include two parasitic castrators: Sacculina carcini Thompson (Rhizocephala: Sacculinidae) and, Portunion maenadis Giard (Isopoda: Entoniscidae), the parasitoid flatworm, Fecampia erythrocephala Giard (Fecampiida: Fecampiidae), and the symbiotic nemertean egg predator, Carcinonemertes carcinophila (Kolliker) (Hoplonemertea: Carcinonemertidae). Evidence for their potential efficacy derives from quantitative natural history studies and ecological modeling. Their safety with respect to non-target organisms is of great concern. Relevant information is available from qualitative field studies, host specificity experimentation, evolutionary theory, and the ability to detect and estimate the frequency of unsuccessful parasite attack rates in natural populations. _______________________________________________ Biological Control of the European Green Crab Second International Symposium on Biological Control of Arthropods 103 We interpret host specificity in the context of the double filter paradigm of Combes (2001). For a host to be suitable, two filters must be partially open. When the encounter filter is open, the infective stage can locate and enter the host because it shares the appropriate habitat and has suitable host location and attack behaviors. For the parasite to be successful, the compatibility filter must also be partially open. This occurs if the host provides appropriate nutrition and its defensive mechanisms cannot kill nor block reproduction of the infectious agent. For both rhizocephalan barnacles and entoniscid isopods in native (coevolved) regions, potential alternative hosts appear to be protected via inability to encounter the host, or due to incompatibility, or both filters are closed. Naive hosts from an introduced area are located under permissive encounter experimental conditions, but the compatibility filter is closed.
Three Approaches to Intrusion Detection. Analysis and Enhancements.

One of the most important responsibilities of every company is to preserve the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of its data. Many efforts have been made to accomplish this goal: security policies, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, anti-virus software, and standards to configure services in operating systems and networks. This paper focuses on one of those topics: intrusion detection systems. First Denning's classic model for intrusion detec- tion is introduced, then two examples for doing intrusion detection are presented that follow the guidelines of a new approach: the use of evolutionary computation. I. I NTRODUCTION This section provides basic definitions related to computer security. It deals with the importance of protecting data from intruders. After that we introduce genetic programming and genetic algo- rithms. This specific scope is adopted in order to introduce topics of this paper related to evolutionary computation applied to intrusion detection.
Specifying and Testing Software Components using ADL

This paper presents a novel approach to unit testing of software components. This approach uses the specification language ADL, that is particularly well-suited for testing, to formally document the intended behavior of software components. Another related language, TDD, is used to systematically describe the test-data on which the software components will be tested. This paper gives a detailed overview of the ADL language, and a brief presentation of the TDD language. Some details of the actual test system are also presented, along with some significant results.
Statistical properties of short subsequences in microbial genomes and their link to pathogen identification and evolution

Numerous sequencing projects have unveiled partial and full microbial genomes. The data produced far exceeds one person’s analytical capabilities and thus requires the power of computing. A significant amount of work has focused on the diversity of statistical characteristics along microbial genomic sequences, e.g. codon bias, G+C content, the frequencies of short subsequences (n‐mers), etc. Based upon the results of these studies, two observations were made: (1) there exists a correlation between regions of unusual statistical properties, e.g. difference in codon bias, etc., from the rest of the genomic sequence, and evolutionary significant regions, e.g. regions of horizontal gene transfer; and (2) because no two microbial genomes look statistically identical, statistical properties can be used to distinguish between genomic sequences. Recently, we conducted extensive analysis on the presence/absence of n‐mers for many microbial genomes as well as several viral and eukaryotic genomes. This analysis reve.
How does the design community think about design?

Design is a term that brings many people together. Collectively, we distinguish ourselves from others by the fact that we are designers and members of a design community. But, design is also a term that pushes people apart. The design that some value in the new fashions in the boutiques in Milan is not seen by everyone as design. While some are impressed with the design of a new telephone, not everyone sees this as design. As a community, we believe design is important. But, as a community, we do not have a common definition of what it is. Many views of design have been proposed. Several classifications of design have been proposed. In this paper, we also seek to classify views on design. Unlike earlier efforts, however, we want to find the classification that the global community of designers uses. To this end, we examine the patterns of citations to key authors' works (Author Co-citation Analysis) to uncover this classification and identify seven key author clusters representing identifiable theory groups or schools of thought/practice in design.
Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization (2007) Depth Cues and Density in Temporal Parallel Coordinates

This paper introduces Temporal Density Parallel Coordinates (TDPC) and Depth Cue Parallel Coordinates (DCPC) which extend the standard 2D parallel coordinates technique to capture time-varying dynamics. The proposed techniques can be used to analyse temporal positions of data items as well as temporal positions of changes occurring using 2D displays. To represent temporal changes, polygons (instead of traditional lines) are rendered in parallel coordinates. The results presented show that rendering polygons is superior at revealing large temporal changes. Both TDPC and DCPC have been efficiently implemented on the GPU allowing the visualization of thousands of data items over thousands of time steps at interactive frame rates.
P-MARt : Pattern-like Micro Architecture Repository

We introduce P-MARt, a repository of pattern-like micro-architetcures. The purpose of P-MARt is to serve as baseline to assess the precision and recall of pattern identification tools. Indeed, several approaches have been proposed to identify occurrences of design patterns, yet few have been independently validated for precision and recall for lack of known occurrences. We hope that P-MARt can be shared and enriched by researchers interested in design pattern identification.
Selective visualization of anomalies in fundus images via sparse and low rank decomposition

classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author. SIGGRAPH 2014, August 10 – 14, 2014, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. 2014 Copyright held by the Owner/Author. ACM 978-1-4503-2958-3/14/08 Selective Visualization of Anomalies in Fundus Images via Sparse and Low Rank Decomposition
System Development Methodologies: Unanswered Questions and the Research-Practice Gap

There is much we don't know about information system development and the use of systems development methodologies. Research to date has focused on the development of new methodologies. There has been little evaluation of these methodologies or examination of the selection, development, adaptation, or use of methodologies in practice. This paper discusses this lack of knowledge, its ramifications, and key research questions.
Fuzzy Visual Servoing for Micro Aerial Vehicles

We present a visual servoing approach for controlling a micro aerial vehicle which is based on monocular camera input and a fuzzy logic controller. Visual pose estimates are obtained using a state-of-theart visual SLAM approach combined with marker-based metrical initialization. In comparison to related work, we demonstrate that our system tolerates quickly changing velocity measurements which are commonly observed in visual pose estimation, and that it is well suited for autonomous inspection tasks because it does not require a nadir view onto the scene.