Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding Sexual Revictimization of Women Through Metaphors: A Qualitative Research

The aim of this study was to contribute to the phenomenological understanding of revictimization through metaphors used by women when describing their revictimization experiences. Data were collected through in-depth semistructured interviews with 9 women regarding their repeated sexual victimization. Content analysis focused on metaphors used by the women when describing revictimization. Analysis of the metaphors revealed vulnerability in relation to the self and to interpersonal relationships. The metaphors relating to the self are portrayed through images of imprisonment, homelessness, contamination, and disability. Interpersonal relationships are described through the image of boundaries. These metaphors reflect duality: the profound need for security and the perception of boundaries as limiting and confining. Metaphors can be useful as a heuristic instrument for understanding women’s experience of the duality and the contradictions in coping with revictimization, and for intervention.
Opposite effect of inflammation on subventricular zone versus hippocampal precursors in brain injury

Inflammation promotes epidermal wound healing but is considered detrimental to recovery from central nervous system injury. Sick infants have increased levels of cytokines in their cerebrospinal fluid that correlate with poor neurological outcome. In this study, we investigated the role of neuroinflammation and more specifically interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in the amplification of subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) neural precursors after neonatal brain injury.
Squeezed fluctuations of truncated photon operators.

We study squeezed fluctuations of the electromagnetic field in the N-photon sectors of the photon Hilbert space. For each N sector, a truncated boson algebra of photon operators is constructed in an embedded N+1 sector. An explicit construction of quantum states of light leading to maximum noise reduction is presented. An analytic expression for the minimum variance of squeezed fluctuations and the corresponding photon statistics are derived in the arbitrary N sector. A very accurate, approximate formula for the minimum variance is also given
International Forum on Engineering Decision Making

A concept we call Total Uncertainty will be used to illustrate how we combine both aleatoric (reducible) and epistemic (non-reducible) uncertainties in a given problem to assess the confidence an analyst can have in his/her decisions. In illustrating the utility of our concept of total uncertainty we hypothesize that all uncertainty, including our metric of TU, should scale between two extreme cases of uncertainty, i.e., between the case of no uncertainty and the case of maximum uncertainty. A method to quantify both of these extreme cases is presented. We show a direct relationship between total uncertainty and confidence, the latter being an important notion in decision-making. We illustrate the utility of the TU metric by addressing three simple problems that contain different situations involving the two forms of uncertainty.
Quantized Control with Applications to Mobile Vehicles 1

In this paper we develop a theory of stabilizing singleinput nonlinear affine systems using quantized feedback. We construct a stabilizing quantizer based on a control Lyapunov function (CLF), and a robustly stabilizing quantizer based on a robust control Lyapunov function (RCLF). We characterize the coarsest quantizer under certain conditions. The special features of several classes of nonlinear affine systems are explored to obtain more specific results. Finally, we apply the proposed quantization scheme to the motion control of certain types of vehicles.
Secondary transition experiences for pupils with Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASCs)

This research explored the views and experiences of key stakeholders regarding inclusion into secondary phase schooling for pupils with Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASCs). Six Year 6 pupils met the criteria for admission to a mainstream secondary school with attached specialist provision for ASCs. Three pupils transferred to this school, whilst three transferred to their local mainstream secondary school. Qualitative methodology was used to collect views and experiences both before and after transition. Interviews were recorded and transcribed and data analysed using a form of thematic analysis. Emerging categories and themes provided several indicators for good practice regarding the transition of this group of pupils. Further study will establish the consistency of these factors within other contexts and settings.
Suitability of Butyl Rubber Stoppers for Closing Anaerobic Roll Culture Tubes

Stringently anaerobic bacteria have been successfully cultured in rubber-stoppered roll tubes. Stoppers of certain types of rubber are so permeable to oxygen that they are unsuitable (Hungate, J. Bacteriol. 86:848, 1963). Butyl rubber is less permeable to gases than are many other types. The permeabilities of butyl stoppers and a common laboratory type to gases concerned in anaerobic culture work have been compared, under conditions comparable to those commonly employed for anaerobic cultures. Both sets of stoppers were obtained from Arthur H. Thomas Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (HR108 #00 recessed stoppers as supplied under catalog no. 8806); similar stoppers of butyl rubber were generously provided especially for this test by the company, and are now stocked as catalog item 8820-B. Twenty-four glass culture tubes (16 by 150 mm; Beilco Glass, Inc., Vineland, N.J.) with narrow necks were freed from air by passing carbon dioxide gas through each tube and then seating the stopper without access of air. Eight additional tubes were filled with H2. Half of the tubes in each group were closed with HR-108 stoppers, the other half with butyl rubber. The carbon dioxide and H2 were freed from oxygen by passing the gases over reduced copper heated to 350 C. The gas in the tubes was initially at atmospheric pressure plus a slight additional pressure due to 1 to 2 ml of gas pushed in as the stopper was inserted. Samples of the gas in tubes 1-4 (for both sets of stoppers) were removed immediately with a 1-ml syringe (the dead space filled with C02), and were analyzed for oxygen by use of a Perkin-Elmer gas chromatograph with thermistor detectors and a silica gel column. None was found, though the method was sensitive to 0.025 ,uliter of oxygen per ml of sample. Tubes 5-8 were incubated in an atmosphere of oxygen at a temperature of 39 C for 10 days. The tubes were removed to room temperature, and the amount of water required to bring the pressure to atmospheric was measured by introducing water from a 5-ml syringe (fitted with a 1x-inch 21-gauge needle) until atmospheric pressure was reached. The volume of water required to bring each tube to atmospheric pressure is recorded in Table 1. In two tubes, little carbon dioxide had diffused out and the pressure was above atmospheric. Tubes 9-12, after incubation in oxygen, were removed and the pressure in each was increased to 5 psi above atmospheric by introducing 02free carbon dioxide through the stopper with a syringe needle connected by a rubber tube to
Measuring the Measures

We meta-analytically synthesized the intergroup variability literature (177 effect sizes, from 173 independent samples, and 12,078 participants) to test the potential moderating effect of 11 measures of perceived variability. Aggregating across the measures, we detected a small but reliable tendency to perceive more variability among ingroup than outgroup members and such outgroup homogeneity was stronger among non-minimal than minimal groups. Furthermore, analyses that distinguished among the 11 measures revealed systematic discrepancies among the patterns of perception detected by those measures. Those systematic discrepancies further varied across social contexts defined by relative group status, with some measures yielding ingroup homogeneity and others outgroup homogeneity. We discuss the possibility that the measures of variability require different mental activities that interact with contextually induced cognitive and motivational processes to yield disparate intergroup perceptions.
Determine the Resilience of Evaluated Internet Voting Systems

Internet voting gets more and more popular. It is generally accepted that an Internet voting system needs to be evaluated. The existing evaluation frameworks try to be as system-independent as possible. Because of that distributed trust concepts like separation of duty for the voting servers, four eyes principle for administrators and the election commission, as well as the multiplicity of control functions like for the counting of votes cannot be demanded precisely. This article proposes to extend the evaluation of Internet voting systems by the computation of a so called k-resilience value. This value defines the robustness of a system and helps to identify vulnerabilities. Besides the introduction and discussion of this value, it is computed for existing Internet voting
Genericity in Evolutionary Computation Software Tools: Principles and Case-study

This paper deals with the need for generic software development tools in evolutionary computations (EC). These tools will be essential for the next generation of evolutionary algorithms where application designers and researchers will need to mix different combinations of traditional EC (e.g. genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategies, etc.), or to create new variations of these EC, in order to solve complex real world problems. Six basic principles are proposed to guide the development of such tools. These principles are then used to evaluate six freely available, widely used EC software tools. Finally, the design of Open BEAGLE, the framework developed by the authors, is presented in more detail.
Particle-based forecast mechanism for continuous collision detection in deformable environments

Collision detection in geometrically complex scenes is crucial in physical simulations and real time applications. Works based on spatial hierarchical structures have been proposed for years. If correct performances are obtained for static scenes, these approaches show some limitations when the complexity of the scene increases and particularly in case of deformable meshes. The main drawback is the time needed to update the spatial structures - often trees - when global deformations or topological changes occur in the scene. We propose a method to detect collisions in complex and deformable environments with constant time amortized complexity for small displacements. Our method is based on a convex decomposition of the environment coupled with a forecast mechanism exploiting temporal coherence. We use the topological adjacencies and incidence relationships to reduce the number of geometrical tests. Deformations of the scenes are handled with no cost as far as no topological changes occur. Topological transformations, like cuts and sewings, are handled locally, exploiting the spatial coherence and do not imply global updates. We illustrate our method in two experimental frameworks: a particles flow simulation and a meshless animation system both lying in a deformable mesh. We compare our work with classical optimization based on bounding volumes hierarchies to validate its efficiency on large scenes.
Magnetic resonance imaging characterization of circumferential and longitudinal strain under various coronary interventions in swine.

AIM To compare the acute changes in circumferential and longitudinal strain after exposing a coronary artery to various interventions in swine. METHODS Percutaneous balloon angioplasty catheter was guided to location aid device (LAD) under X-ray fluoroscopy to create different patterns of ischemic insults. Pigs (n = 32) were equally divided into 4 groups: controls, 90 min LAD occlusion/reperfusion, LAD microembolization, and combined LAD occlusion/microembolization/reperfusion. Three days after interventions, cine, tagged and viability magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were acquired to measure and compare left and right circumferential strain, longitudinal strain and myocardial viability, respectively. Measurements were obtained using HARP and semi-automated threshold method and statistically analyzed using unpaired t-test. Myocardial and vascular damage was characterized microscopically. RESULTS Coronary microemboli caused greater impairment in l left ventricular (LV) circumferential strain and dyssynchrony than LAD occlusion/reperfusion despite the significant difference in the extent of myocardial damage. Microemboli also caused significant decrease in peak systolic strain rate of remote myocardium and LV dyssynchrony. Cine MRI demonstrated the interaction between LV and right ventricular (RV) at 3 d after interventions. Compensatory increase in RV free wall longitudinal strain was seen in response to all interventions. Viability MRI, histochemical staining and microscopy revealed different patterns of myocardial damage and microvascular obstruction. CONCLUSION Cine MRI revealed subtle changes in LV strain caused by various ischemic insults. It also demonstrated the interaction between the right and left ventricles after coronary interventions. Coronary microemboli with and without acute myocardial infarction (AMI) cause complex myocardial injury and ventricular dysfunction that is not replicated in solely AMI.
Exposing errors related to weak memory in GPU applications

We present the systematic design of a testing environment that uses stressing and fuzzing to reveal errors in GPU applications that arise due to weak memory effects. We evaluate our approach on seven GPUs spanning three Nvidia architectures, across ten CUDA applications that use fine-grained concurrency. Our results show that applications that rarely or never exhibit errors related to weak memory when executed natively can readily exhibit these errors when executed in our testing environment. Our testing environment also provides a means to help identify the root causes of such errors, and automatically suggests how to insert fences that harden an application against weak memory bugs. To understand the cost of GPU fences, we benchmark applications with fences provided by the hardening strategy as well as a more conservative, sound fencing strategy.
A multivariate test for population bioequivalence

In this article, we propose a multivariate generalization of the criteria for testing univariate population bioequivalence. Recently, a number of approaches for testing multivariate equivalence have appeared in the literature. Most of them consider a multivariate equivalence region, which implies simultaneous comparison of means in each dimension. In contrast, our proposal combines a comparison of means and a comparison of variances into a single aggregate criterion, using the trace of the covariance matrix as a scalar measure of the total variability. We use a confidence interval approach to multivariate population bioequivalence testing, similar to the univariate case. Two versions of the modified large‐sample confidence interval for the linearized multivariate criterion are constructed. In a simulation study, we evaluate the empirical coverage of these confidence intervals and rejection rates of the corresponding tests in finite samples. The proposed methodology is illustrated with an example of testing equivalence of the spray pattern of nasal sprays. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accommodating the history of music within the National Curriculum

Under current legislation, the history of music forms a specific strand of listening and appraising at Key Stages 1 to 3. This article discusses some philosophical and practical aspects of these current requirements, together with their implications for further and higher education, as well as attempting an anticipation of future developments in the light of the recent review of the National Curriculum as a whole.
Perfect Partners or Uneasy Bedfellows? Competing Understandings of the Place of Business Management within Contemporary Education Partnerships

This article examines illustrative cases of partnerships from a government-funded programme of experimental projects in England designed to test out the potential of senior business managers to provide leadership across a group of schools. The article places the programme within the context of international public service reforms and, more specifically, the re-culturation of schools along business lines. The study data are then presented and analysed in relation to the pro-collaboration and pro-business biases in evidence in contemporary thinking about public service delivery. This analysis raises serious questions about how competing education and business values and agendas play out in schools, and their implications for roles and practices within the schools workforce. The article concludes with calls for field members to address this important but neglected area of leadership.
Towards Online Multi-model Approximation of Time Series

The increasing use of sensor technology for various monitoring applications (e.g. air-pollution, traffic, climate-change, etc.) has led to an unprecedented volume of streaming data that has to be efficiently aggregated, stored and retrieved. Real-time model-based data approximation and filtering is a common solution for reducing the storage (and communication) overhead. However, the selection of the most efficient model depends on the characteristics of the data stream, namely rate, burstiness, data range, etc., which cannot be always known a priori for (mobile) sensors and they can even dynamically change. In this paper, we investigate the innovative concept of efficiently combining multiple approximation models in real-time. Our approach dynamically adapts to the properties of the data stream and approximates each data segment with the most suitable model. As experimentally proved, our multi-model approximation approach always produces fewer or equal data segments than those of the best individual model, and thus provably achieves higher data compression ratio than individual linear models.
Relative and absolute strength of response as a function of frequency of reinforcement.

A previous paper (Herrnstein, 1958) reported how pigeons behave on a concurrent schedule under which they peck at either of two response-keys. The significant finding of this investigation was that the relative frequency of responding to each of the keys may be controlled within narrow limits by adjustments in an independent variable. In brief, the requirement for reinforcement in this procedure is the emission of a minimum number of pecks to each of the keys. The pigeon receives food when it completes the requirement on both keys. The frequency of responding to each key was a close approximation to the minimum requirement. The present experiment explores the relative frequency of responding further. In the earlier study it was shown that the output of behavior to each of two keys may be controlled by specific requirements of outputs. Now we are investigating output as a function of frequency of reinforcement. The earlier experiment may be considered a study of differential reinforcement; the present one, a study of strength of response. Both experiments are attempts to elucidate the properties of rdlative frequency of responding as a dependent variable.
Objectively assessed physical activity and associated factors of sedentary behavior among survivors of stroke living in Cape Town, South Africa

Abstract Purpose: To investigate objectively measured physical activity in stroke survivors living in low-income areas of Cape Town, South Africa, specifically to: (a) describe the volume of daily physical activity and time spent in different intensity levels and (b) investigate the association of factors covering the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health with sedentary behavior. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional design was used, where forty-five ambulatory community-dwelling stroke survivors participated. Volume and intensity of physical activity were assessed with accelerometers for three to five consecutive days. Personal and environmental factors, along with body function and activity, were captured. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate factors associated with the percentage of days spent sedentary. Results: The median number of steps per day was 2393, and of the average 703 minutes of wear time, 80% were spent in sedentary, 15% in light, and 5% in moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Age, stroke severity, and failing to receive outpatient rehabilitation were independently associated with sedentary, which, taken together, explained 52% of the variance. Conclusions: Low volumes of physical activity and high amount of sedentary time emphasize the need to develop strategies that will increase physical activity. Providing outpatient rehabilitation in a systematic manner post-stroke is a potential target of health care programs in order to reduce sedentary behavior. Implications for rehabilitation Objectively measured physical activity among community-dwelling survivors of stroke in Cape Town, South Africa was low in volume, and the majority did not meet the recommendations of 150 minutes of at least moderate intensity physical activity. The majority of stroke survivors in South Africa spent most of their time sedentary, which could further increase the risk of cardiovascular impairments. Outpatient rehabilitation should be provided to all patients after stroke since it appears to reduce sedentary time.
Driver Steering Override for Lane-Keeping Aid Using Computer-Aided Engineering

The decreasing cost of radar and camera sensory technology has established advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to the standard equipment of modern vehicles. ADAS employ semi-autonomous interventions in longitudinal (e.g., adaptive cruise control, ACC) and lateral (e.g., lane-keeping aid, LKA) direction. ACC and LKA constitute the milestones of ADAS technology and have shown to correspondingly reduce driving effort and unintended lane-drifts. ADAS and driver share the vehicle control; this in-turn creates a nonfinite number of test cases that have to be tested-verified so-as to enable safe software (SW) release. Adjacent to ADAS, vehicle dynamics-related systems, such as the antilock braking system and the dynamic-stability and traction control, have also to undergo through an exhaustive SW verification. Distilling the previous statements, this paper cultivates the concept of virtual SW verification by evaluating Volvo's production and a concept driver steering override (DSO) for LKA systems. The DSO concept addresses the driver's interaction with the LKA system and adapts the intervention level. The driver's activation is quantified though the steering torque and road/vehicle information. Two different test-runs per DSO strategy are presented and the real-car (physical) testing results are reproduced in simulation. Both the real and postprocessed simulation results show: 1) the importance of the override strategy on the LKA benefits; and 2) the importance of computer-aided engineering for studying/designing ADAS.