Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence-Based Methods for Detecting Caries Lesions: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Sources of Heterogeneity

Background Fluorescence-based methods have been proposed to aid caries lesion detection. Summarizing and analysing findings of studies about fluorescence-based methods could clarify their real benefits. Objective We aimed to perform a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of fluorescence-based methods in detecting caries lesions. Data Source Two independent reviewers searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus through June 2012 to identify papers/articles published. Other sources were checked to identify non-published literature. Study Eligibility Criteria, Participants and Diagnostic Methods The eligibility criteria were studies that: (1) have assessed the accuracy of fluorescence-based methods of detecting caries lesions on occlusal, approximal or smooth surfaces, in both primary or permanent human teeth, in the laboratory or clinical setting; (2) have used a reference standard; and (3) have reported sufficient data relating to the sample size and the accuracy of methods. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods A diagnostic 2×2 table was extracted from included studies to calculate the pooled sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy parameters (Diagnostic Odds Ratio and Summary Receiver-Operating curve). The analyses were performed separately for each method and different characteristics of the studies. The quality of the studies and heterogeneity were also evaluated. Results Seventy five studies met the inclusion criteria from the 434 articles initially identified. The search of the grey or non-published literature did not identify any further studies. In general, the analysis demonstrated that the fluorescence-based method tend to have similar accuracy for all types of teeth, dental surfaces or settings. There was a trend of better performance of fluorescence methods in detecting more advanced caries lesions. We also observed moderate to high heterogeneity and evidenced publication bias. Conclusions Fluorescence-based devices have similar overall performance; however, better accuracy in detecting more advanced caries lesions has been observed.
Governance factors enabling knowledge transfer in interorganisational development projects

In this study we examine governance factors affecting knowledge transfer in interorganisational development projects. There is a gap in the literature indicating a need for more insights into processes of knowledge sharing and governance of interorganisational development projects. By using cases from the Dutch construction industry, we discus how interorganisational development projects are governed and what impact this has on knowledge transfer between the firms involved. We find that knowledge transfer towards participating firms cooperating in an interorganisational development project is positively influenced when partners govern their cooperation by using mutual trust and contract complementary.
Popularity dynamics of foursquare micro-reviews

Foursquare, the currently most popular location-based social network, allows users not only to share the places (venues) they visit but also post micro-reviews (tips) about their previous experiences at specific venues as well as "like" previously posted tips. The number of "likes" a tip receives ultimately reflects its popularity among users, providing valuable feedback to venue owners and other users. In this paper, we provide an extensive analysis of the popularity dynamics of Foursquare tips using a large dataset containing over 10 million tips and 9 million likes posted by over 13,5 million users. Our results show that, unlike other types of online content such as news and photos, Foursquare tips experience very slow popularity evolution, attracting user likes through longer periods of time. Moreover, we find that the social network of the user who posted the tip plays an important role on the tip popularity throughout its lifetime, but particularly at earlier periods after posting time. We also find that most tips experience their daily popularity peaks within the first month in the system, although most of their likes are received after the peak. Moreover, compared to other types of online content (e.g., videos), we observe a weaker presence of the rich-get-richer effect in our data, demonstrating a lower correlation between the early and late popularities. Finally, we evaluate the stability of the tip popularity ranking over time, assessing to which extent the current popularity ranking of a set of tips can be used to predict their popularity ranking at a future time. To that end, we compare a prediction approach based solely on the current popularity ranking against a method that exploits a linear regression model using a multidimensional set of predictors as input. Our results show that use of the richer set of features can indeed improve the prediction accuracy, provided that enough data is available to train the regression model.
Large-scale co-aggregation of fluorescent lipid probes with cell surface proteins

Large scale aggregation of fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor complexes on the surface of RBL cells results in the co- aggregation of a large fraction of the lipophilic fluorescent probe 3,3'-dihexadecylindocarbocyanine (diI) that labels the plasma membranes much more uniformly in the absence of receptor aggregation. Most of the diI molecules that are localized in patches of aggregated receptors have lost their lateral mobility as determined by fluorescence photobleaching recovery. The diI outside of patches is mobile, and its mobility is similar to that in control cells without receptor aggregates. It is unlikely that the co-aggregation of diI with IgE receptors is due to specific interactions between these components, as two other lipophilic probes of different structures are also observed to redistribute with aggregated IgE receptors, and aggregation of two other cell surface antigens also results in the coredistribution of diI at the RBL cell surface. Quantitative analysis of CCD images of labeled cells reveals some differences in the spatial distributions of co- aggregated diI and IgE receptors. The results indicate that cross- linking of specific cell surface antigens causes a substantial change in the organization of the plasma membrane by redistributing pre- existing membrane domains or causing their formation.
Bandwidth efficient joint estimation of CFO and doubly selective channel in OFDM based cognitive radio

In this paper we propose a bandwidth efficient joint carrier frequency offset (CFO) and doubly selective channel (DCS) estimation technique for high mobility OFDM based cognitive radio (CR) system. As the OFDM based CR systems are having a non contiguous band nature due to the dependency of subcarriers on the availability, the channel estimation for such system is a tedious task. Moreover, in high mobility OFDM systems the number of parameters to be estimated is considerably high and hence channel estimation with limited number of pilots is a quiet challenging issue. By exploring the sparse nature of the wireless channel and using the Complex Exponential Basis Expansion Model (CE-BEM), we propose a bandwidth efficient iterative joint estimation technique by formulating the estimation problem into compressive sensing (CS) frame work. Our proposed technique make use of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and Expectation Conditional Maximization (ECM) algorithms after formulating the problem into CS frame work for formally estimating carrier frequency offset and channel coefficients. The simulation studies conducted at different mobile speeds validates the performance of proposed technique.
Is There a Shortage of Primes for Cryptography?

Cryptographic algorithms often prescribe the use of primes whose length in bits is a power of 2. Recently, we proved that for m ＞ 1, there is no prime number with 2^m significant bits, exactly two of which are 0 bits. Here we generalize this theorem to impose many more restrictions on primes whose length in bits is a power of 2. No similar restrictions apply to primes of other lengths. We consider whether the restrictions on primes with length 2^m bits are so great that one should choose other lengths for primes to be used in cryptography.
Frequency based wind turbine gearbox fault detection applied to a 750 kW wind turbine

Reliability and availability of modern wind turbines are of increasing importance, for two reasons. The first is due to the fact that power grids around in the world depends at a higher and higher degree on wind energy, and the second is the importance of lowering Cost of Energy of the wind turbines. One of the critical components in modern wind turbines is the gearbox. Failures in the gearbox are costly both due to the cost of the gearbox itself, but also due to lost power generation during repair of it. Wind turbine gearboxes are consequently monitored by condition monitoring systems operating in parallel with the control system, and also uses additional sensors measuring different accelerations and noises, etc. In this paper gearbox data from high fidelity gearbox model of a 750 kW wind turbine gearbox, simulated with and without faults are used to shown the potential of frequency based detection schemes applied on measurements normally available in a wind controller system. This paper shows that two given faults in the gearbox can be detected using a frequency based detection approach applied to sensor signals normally available in the wind turbine control system. This means that gearbox condition monitoring/ fault detection could be included in the standard control system, which potentially can remove the cost of the additional condition monitoring system and the additional sensors used in it.
Beamforming with Partial Channel Knowledge

Multiple antenna techniques are used to enhance wireless links and therefore have been studied extensively. Many practical systems differ from ideal schemes which have been discussed in the literature. One example is a system that lacks precise channel information at the transmitter. We evaluate analytically the performance of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique that uses partial channel knowledge. Specifically, we analyze a suboptimal M X N scheme employing Eigenbeamforming at the transmitter and MRC at the receiver, assuming only partial channel matrix is known to the transmitter, specifically only P out of N rows of the channel matrix are known. We show that the diversity order of such a scheme is MP+N-P and further show that increasing the value of P by one increases the diversity order by M-1. We also derive the array gain for this scheme. All the results are supported by simulations.
Stakeholder-led knowledge production: Development of a long-term management plan for North Sea Nephrops fisheries

This paper investigates how different kinds of knowledge are mobilised in interactions between the stakeholders, scientists and bureaucrats who are involved in EU fisheries management. It reports on an initiative led by the North Sea Regional Advisory Council aimed at making a long-term management plan for Nephrops fisheries in the North Sea. The sharing of knowledge between the actors is explored using insights from organisation management, focusing on the kinds of resources and efforts that are needed at different boundaries to allow knowledge sharing and knowledge production to occur. The findings point to the challenge of reaching a common understanding between actors when both novelty and high stakes are involved. Experiences gained during this pioneering initiative raise questions about how far it is possible to take a ‘bottom up’ collaborative process aimed at developing management instruments within a setting where there are conflicts of interests between the stakeholders involved.
Diabetes and Arterial Extracellular Matrix Changes in a Porcine Model of Atherosclerosis

Patients with diabetes are at substantially increased risk for atherosclerosis and clinical cardiovascular events. Because arterial extracellular matrix contains several molecules, including biglycan, versican, hyaluronan, and elastin, that may affect plaque lipid retention and stability, we determined whether diabetes affects plaque content of these molecules in a porcine model of hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Coronary artery sections were studied from non-diabetic normolipidemic (n=11, N-NL), diabetic normolipidemic (n=10, DM-NL), non-diabetic hyperlipidemic (n=16, N-HL), and diabetic hyperlipidemic (n=15, DM-HL) animals. Hyaluronan, biglycan, versican, and apolipoprotein B (apoB) were detected with mono-specific peptides or antisera, and elastin with Movat's pentachrome stain, and contents of each were quantified by computer-assisted morphometry. In the hyperlipidemic groups, diabetes was associated with a 4-fold increase in intimal area, with strong correlations between intimal area and immunostained areas for hyaluronan (R 2 = 0.83, p<0.0001), biglycan (R 2 = 0.72, p<0.0001), and apoB (R 2 = 0.23, p=0.0069). In contrast, median (interquartile range) intimal elastin content was significantly lower with diabetes [N-HL: 5.2% (2.4–8.2%) vs DM-HL: 1.5% (0.5–4.2%), p=0.01], and there was a strong negative correlation between intimal total and elastin areas (Spearman r = −0.62, p=0.001). In this porcine model, diabetes was associated with multiple extracellular matrix changes that have been associated with increased lesion instability, greater atherogenic lipoprotein retention, and accelerated atherogenesis.
Neural Correlates of Value, Risk, and Risk Aversion Contributing to Decision Making under Risk

Decision making under risk is central to human behavior. Economic decision theory suggests that value, risk, and risk aversion influence choice behavior. Although previous studies identified neural correlates of decision parameters, the contribution of these correlates to actual choices is unknown. In two different experiments, participants chose between risky and safe options. We identified discrete blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) correlates of value and risk in the ventral striatum and anterior cingulate, respectively. Notably, increasing inferior frontal gyrus activity to low risk and safe options correlated with higher risk aversion. Importantly, the combination of these BOLD responses effectively decoded the behavioral choice. Striatal value and cingulate risk responses increased the probability of a risky choice, whereas inferior frontal gyrus responses showed the inverse relationship. These findings suggest that the BOLD correlates of decision factors are appropriate for an ideal observer to detect behavioral choices. More generally, these biological data contribute to the validity of the theoretical decision parameters for actual decisions under risk.
SPARC Is a Key Regulator of Proliferation, Apoptosis and Invasion in Human Ovarian Cancer

Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a calcium-binding matricellular glycoprotein, is implicated in the progression of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of SPARC in ovarian cancer. Methods cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles of the highly invasive and the low invasive subclones derived from the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to investigate SPARC expression in a total of 140 ovarian tissue specimens. In functional assays, effects of SPARC knockdown on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells were investigated. The mechanisms of SPARC in ovarian cancer proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were also researched. Results SPARC was overexpressed in the highly invasive subclone compared with the low invasive subclone. High SPARC expression was associated with high stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Knockdown of SPARC expression significantly suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion and metastasis. Conclusion SPARC is overexpressed in highly invasive subclone and ovarian cancer tissues and plays an important role in ovarian cancer growth, apoptosis and metastasis.
Watchit: simple gestures and eyes-free interaction for wristwatches and bracelets

We present WatchIt, a prototype device that extends interaction beyond the watch surface to the wristband, and two interaction techniques for command selection and execution. Because the small screen of wristwatch computers suffers from visual occlusion and the fat finger problem, we investigated the use of the wristband as an available interaction resource. Not only does WatchIt use a cheap, energy efficient and invisible technology, but it involves simple, basic gestures that allow good performance after little training, as suggested by the results of a pilot study. We propose a novel gesture technique and an adaptation of an existing menu technique suitable for wristband interaction. In a user study, we investigated their usage in eyes-free contexts, finding that they perform well. Finally, we present techniques where the bracelet is used in addition to the screen to provide precise continuous control over list scrolling. We also report on a preliminary survey of traditional and digital jewelry that points to the high frequency of watches and bracelets in both genders and gives a sense of the tasks people feel like performing on such devices.
Increased Islet Cell Proliferation, Decreased Apoptosis, and Greater Vascularization Leading to β-Cell Hyperplasia in Mutant Mice Lacking Insulin.

The targeted disruption of the two nonallelic insulin genes in mouse was reported previously to result in intrauterine growth retardation, severe diabetes immediately after suckling, and death within 48 h of birth. We have further used these animals to investigate the morphology and cell biology of the endocrine pancreas in late gestation and at birth when insulin is absent throughout development. Pancreatic -cells were identified by detecting the activity of the LacZ gene inserted at the Ins2 locus. A significant increase in the mean area of the islets was found at embryonic d 18.5 (E18.5) and in the newborn in Ins1/, Ins2/ animals compared with Ins1/, Ins2/ and wild-type controls, whereas the blood glucose levels were unaltered. The individual size of the -cells in the insulin-deficient fetuses was similar to controls, suggesting that the relative increase in islet size was due to an increase in cell number. Immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen within the pancreatic ductal epithelium showed no differences in labeling index between insulin-deficient and control mice, and no change in the number of -cells associated with ducts, but the relative size distribution of the islets was altered so that fewer islets under 5,000 m 2 and more islets greater than 10,000m 2 were present in Ins1/, Ins2/ animals. This suggests that the greater mean islet size seen in insulin-deficient animals represented an enlargement of formed islets and was not associated with an increase in islet neogenesis. The proportional contribution of - and -cells to the islets was not altered. This was supported by an increase in the number of cells containing immunoreactive proliferating cell nuclear antigen in both islet - and -cells at E18.5 in insulin-deficient mice, and a significantly lower incidence of apoptotic cells, as determined by molecular histochemistry using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling reaction. The density of blood vessels within sections of whole pancreas, or within islets, was determined by immunohistochemistry for the endothelial cell marker CD31 and was found to be increased 2-fold in insulin-deficient mice compared with controls at E18.5. However, no changes were found in the steady-state expression of mRNAs encoding vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor Flk-1, IGF-I or -II, the IGF-I and insulin receptors, or insulin receptor substrates-1 or -2 in pancreata from Ins1/, Ins2/ mice compared with Ins1/, Ins2/ controls. Thus, we conclude that the relative hyperplasia of the islets in late gestation in the insulin-deficient mice was due to an increased islet cell proliferation coupled with a reduced apoptosis, which may be related to an increased vascularization of the pancreas. (Endocrinology 143: 1530 –1537, 2002)
An empirical reexamination of global DNS behavior

The performance and operational characteristics of the DNS protocol are of deep interest to the research and network operations community. In this paper, we present measurement results from a unique dataset containing more than 26 billion DNS query-response pairs collected from more than 600 globally distributed recursive DNS resolvers. We use this dataset to reaffirm findings in published work and notice some significant differences that could be attributed both to the evolving nature of DNS traffic and to our differing perspective. For example, we find that although characteristics of DNS traffic vary greatly across networks, the resolvers within an organization tend to exhibit similar behavior. We further find that more than 50% of DNS queries issued to root servers do not return successful answers, and that the primary cause of lookup failures at root servers is malformed queries with invalid TLDs. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach that detects malicious domain groups using temporal correlation in DNS queries. Our approach requires no comprehensive labeled training set, which can be difficult to build in practice. Instead, it uses a known malicious domain as anchor, and identifies the set of previously unknown malicious domains that are related to the anchor domain. Experimental results illustrate the viability of this approach, i.e. , we attain a true positive rate of more than 96%, and each malicious anchor domain results in a malware domain group with more than 53 previously unknown malicious domains on average.
Types as abstract interpretations

Starting from a denotational semantics of the eager untyped lambda-calculus with explicit runtime errors, the standard collecting semantics is defined as specifying the strongest program properties. By a first abstraction, a new sound type collecting semantics is derived in compositional fix-point form. Then by successive (semi-dual) Galois connection based abstractions, type systems and/or type inference algorithms are designed as abstract semantics or abstract interpreters approximating the type collecting semantics. This leads to a hierarchy of type systems, which is part of the lattice of abstract interpretations of the untyped lambda-calculus. This hierarchy includes two new à la Church/Curry polytype systems. Abstractions of this polytype semantics lead to classical Milner/Mycroft and Damas/Milner polymorphic type schemes, Church/Curry monotypes and Hindley principal typing algorithm. This shows that types are abstract interpretations.