Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of computerized prescriber order entry on pharmacy: experience of one health system.

PURPOSE Pharmacists' satisfaction with a computerized prescriber order-entry (CPOE) system and the impact of CPOE on pharmacy workflows and order verification were investigated. SUMMARY A mixed-method study was conducted to evaluate the implementation of a CPOE system in three hospitals of a large Michigan-based health system and early user experience with the system. Surveys of pharmacists before (n = 54) and after (n = 42) CPOE implementation indicated that they held generally positive expectations about CPOE prior to and during system implementation and continued to hold positive views about CPOE after several months of system use. In interviews and focus group discussions, pharmacists reported a number of important CPOE benefits, but they also cited challenges related to CPOE provider alerts, uncertainty about medication timing, and the need to support providers by serving as informal CPOE system trainers. Direct observation of pharmacists before and after CPOE implementation indicated decreases in both the rate of order clarification events (from 0.89 to 0.35 per hour, p < 0.001) and the average time spent per hour clarifying orders (from 4.75 to 2.11 minutes, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION Several months after CPOE implementation, pharmacists indicated that several aspects of their workload had improved, including the process of medication order clarification, their ability to prioritize work, and their ability to move around within the hospital to respond to demand. However, pharmacists also noted that order ambiguity still existed and that the system needed to be optimized to gain efficiencies and increase clarity.
Oxygen isotope anomalies of the Sun and the original environment of the solar system

Abstract— We present results from a model of oxygen isotopic anomaly production through selective photodissociation of CO within the collapsing proto‐solar cloud. Our model produces a proto‐Sun with a wide range of Δ17O values depending on the intensity of the ultraviolet radiation field. Dramatically different results from two recent solar wind oxygen isotope measurements indicate that a variety of compositions remain possible for the solar oxygen isotope composition. However, constrained by other measurements from comets and meteorites, our models imply the birth of the Sun in a stellar cluster with an enhanced radiation field and are therefore consistent with a supernova source for 60Fe in meteorites.
Mutations in the GTPase Center of Escherichia coli 23S rRNA Indicate Release Factor 2-Interactive Sites

ABSTRACT Mutations in the GTPase center of Escherichia coli 23S rRNA were characterized in vivo as UGA-specific nonsense suppressors. Some site-directed mutations did not exhibit suppressor activity and were interspersed among suppressor mutations. Our results demonstrate the involvement of the two adjacent loops of this conserved rRNA structure in UGA-dependent translation termination and, taken with previous in vitro analyses and with consideration of the crystal structure of the GTPase center RNA, indicate that nucleotides 1067, 1093, 1094, and 1095 are sites of interaction with release factor 2.
Great spotted cuckoos improve their reproductive success by damaging magpie host eggs

Adult great spotted cuckoos, Clamator glandariusdamage the eggs of their magpie, Pica picahost without removing or eating them. The number of damaged magpie eggs was recorded in 360 parasitized nests of which 62.2% contained between one and eight damaged magpie eggs. Egg-destroying behaviour may be adaptive if it reduces nestling competition and/or enhances the hatching success of the cuckoo. To clarify the role of egg destruction for the reproductive success of great spotted cuckoos, unparasitized magpie nests were experimentally parasitized (without egg damage) by introducing cuckoo eggs or chicks. Egg damage was common in parasitized nests but the eggs were not damaged by the hosts. Egg damage increased the breeding success of the cuckoos, by both reducing the number of competing host chicks in the nest and increasing the likelihood that late-laid cuckoo eggs would hatch.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Role of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes in Crosstalk Reduction of CNT Interconnects

In this letter, we present a new method to reduce crosstalk of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based VLSI interconnects. For this, proper integration of semiconducting CNTs (s-CNTs) and a new contact geometry, where metallic CNTs are in the core and s-CNTs are in the periphery of the CNT bundle, is proposed. The coupling capacitance between adjacent interconnects is modeled and compared with and without s-CNTs in the CNT bundle periphery. SPICE analysis and EM simulations are carried out which show that the coupling capacitance can be reduced by 82.5% and the resulting delay by 8.41%. We suggest that the crosstalk effect between neighboring wires can be reduced by using s-CNTs in the design.
Route selection algorithm based on integer operation Ant Colony Optimization

This paper discusses a new route selection algorithm which combines the integer operation Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) with Dijkstra algorithm. Regarding calculation of selection probability, local update rule, and global update rule, the proposed ACO adopts new integer arithmetic instead of conventional floating point arithmetic. As compared with conventional floating point arithmetic approach, the proposed integer operation approach, which is hardware-oriented, achieves not only reduction of calculation cost and gate size, but also improvement of latency and clock frequency. Moreover, experiments using actual map data prove the effectiveness of the proposed route selection algorithm.
Constraints from the Damping Tail

The detection of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on arcminute scales by the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI) provides us with our first measurement of the damping tail and closes one chapter in the CMB story. We now have experimental verification for all of the features in the temperature anisotropy spectrum predicted theoretically two decades ago. The CBI result allows us to constrain both parameterized models based on the inflationary cold dark matter paradigm and to examine model-independent constraints on the matter content, the distance to last scattering, and the thickness of the last scattering surface. In particular, we show that recombination had to proceed "slowly," with the surface of last scattering having a width Δz ≳ 50. This provides strong constraints on nonstandard recombination scenarios. By providing a lower limit on the duration of recombination, it implies a lower limit on the polarization of the subdegree scale anisotropy, which is close to current experimental upper limits.
Nitrite production in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts by bleomycin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell factors.

OBJECTIVE It is well known that bleomycin induces tissue fibrosis, including pulmonary fibrosis or scleroderma-like conditions. However, the pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. We recently observed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by bleomycin show growth stimulatory activity for fibroblasts. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of immune and inflammatory responses, and has recently been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. In this study, we have examined whether bleomycin-stimulated PBMCs induce nitrite production in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro. METHODS PBMCs were obtained from 6 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and 6 normal volunteers, and stimulated by bleomycin; the culture supernatants were collected as conditioned medium (CM). The release of nitrite from 3T3 fibroblasts after incubation with CM was determined by Griess reagents. Induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in 3T3 fibroblasts after incubation with CM was examined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS Bleomycin induced significant nitrite release from PBMCs in a time-dependent manner. Stimulation with CM increased nitrite production in 3T3 fibroblasts, which was significantly inhibited by antibodies against interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and iNOS inhibitor, L-NMMA. CM from SSc patients induced higher amounts of nitrite from 3T3 fibroblasts, compared with that from normal subjects, although the difference was not significant. CM induced iNOS mRNA expression in 3T3 fibroblasts in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION These results suggest that bleomycin, as well as IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, induce NO release from mononuclear cells, and that these cytokines furthermore stimulate fibroblasts to produce NO, which raises the possibility of the involvement of NO in the development of tissue fibrosis induced by bleomycin.
Cranial Vault Modification and Ethnicity in Middle Horizon San Pedro de Atacama, Chile1

During the first few years of life, the bones of the skull are quite malleable and with persistent shaping by adult caretakers will eventually retain a form created through manipulation. The permanently modified head that results is not only an aesthetic feature; it also conveys social information. Cranial vault modification must be performed during infancy. As a result, it is not associated with rites of passage and contrasts in this respect with other forms of body modification that mark important social transitions (Brain 1979:91). Instead, early in life, cranial vault modification becomes a fundamental part of a person’s identity. It serves as a powerful, constant, and visually salient symbol of social identity. In some important respects our bodies are a creation of the society within which we exist. It is this interaction between society and the body that is critical in understanding the social context of body modifications. Cranial vault modification has long been viewed by anthropologists as a cultural feature, “one that marks territory or social boundaries, reaffirms ethnicity, and maintains and strengthens exchange networks” (Gerszten 1993:87). It can serve as a permanent symbol of within-group solidarity and of cultural differences between groups. Since patterns of body modifications are cultural artifacts, they can change in response to external influences. This suggests a possible bioarchaeological approach to a controversy regarding the cultural influence of the Bolivian altiplano state of Tiwanaku (a.d. 400–1000) on people living in the Atacama Desert of
Branch-and-Bound Global-Search Algorithm for Aircraft Ground Movement Optimization

Optimal aircraft ground scheduling is a well-known nondeterministic polynomial-time-hard problem; hence, many heuristics are used to generate schedules within realistic runtimes. These heuristics are designed to run fast, but they often do not promise any guarantee about the solution quality. Inspired by two existing algorithms for scheduling of railway operations, this paper introduces a branch-and-bound-based aircraft routing and scheduling approach with guaranteed global optimality as a real-time decision support tool for air traffic controllers. The performance of the algorithm is benchmarked against two previous approaches: a combinatorial approach using mixed-integer linear programming, and a heuristic approach based on bacterial foraging. The configuration agnostic design of the algorithm makes it suitable for applications: even to unconventional airport layouts. The globally optimal nature of the current solution exhibits a distinct improvement over the respective solutions while maintaining minim.
Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child: A Classic 1935 Comparative Study of Ape Emotions and Intelligence

Part 1: Descriptive. Behavior of Infant Chimpanzee 1. Description of the Chimpanzee 2. Chimpanzee's Emotions: Their Expressions and Their Stimuli 3. Chimpanzee's Instincts 4. Chimpanzee's Play 5. Chimpanzee's Circumspect Behavior (Deception and Slyness) 6. Using Tools 7. Chimpanzee's Imitations 8. Chimpanzee's Memory 9. Conditional Language of Gestures and Sounds 10. Natural Sounds of the Chimpanzee Part 2: Analytical. Behaviour of Human Child. Comparative Psychological Study 11. Human and Chimpanzee: Comparison of Appearances 12. Human Emotion and Emotions of the Chimpanzee 13. Comparison of Human Instincts with Instincts of Chimpanzee 14. Human Play and Play of the Chimpanzee 15. Memory and Habits of the Human Child (Conditioned Reflex Acts) Part 3: Synthesis. Biopsychological Similarities and Dissimilarities in the Behavior of Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child 16. Similarities in Behavior of Human and Chimpanzee 17. Differences in the Behavior of Human and Chimpanzee
Trusted architecture for farmland wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNS) is an important part of the perception layer for the Internet of Things (IoT). It is one of the basic tools of collecting data for the Internet of Things. Trusted architecture is key for trusted transmission in the wireless sensor networks and applying support of the Internet of Things. In the paper, the wireless sensor networks is studied for the Internet of Things in the farmland. Based on wireless sensor network architecture, the trusted architecture for farmland wireless sensor networks is designed. The control flow of trusted architecture is discussed in detail. Additionally the trusted protocol model and the implement frame and phases are presented detailed. And the experimental data records show the trusted architecture for farmland wireless sensor networks can afford trusted and reliable data transmission for wireless sensor networks.
Over-Subscription Planning with Numeric Goals

By relaxing the hard-goal constraints from classical planning and associating them with reward values, over-subscription planning allows users to concentrate on presenting what they want and leaves the task of deciding the best goals to achieve to the planner. In this paper, we extend the over-subscription planning problem and its limited goal specification to allow numeric goals with continuous utility values and goals with mixed hard and soft constraints. Together they considerably extend the modeling power of goal specification and allow the user to express goal constraints that were not possible before. To handle these new goal constraints, we extend the Sapaps planner's planning graph based techniques to help it choose the best beneficial subset of goals that can include both hard or soft logical and numeric goals. We also provide empirical results in several benchmark domains to demonstrate that our technique helps return quality plans.
A novel method for people and vehicle classification based on Hough line feature

In this paper, we propose a novel and simple method for people and vehicles classification in far distance video surveillance. In this approach, moving objects are firstly segmented from background using a background subtraction technique. Secondly, edges of moving objects are extracted using canny operator. Then straight lines of edges of moving objects are extracted by Hough transform and feature based on Hough line feature (HouLR) for classification is constructed. Finally, moving objects are classified into people or vehicle by HouLR feature. We test our method on several videos in different scenes. The experimental results show that our approach is simple and fast, and has high classification accuracy, not only can distinguish single person from vehicle but also can distinguish group of people from vehicle. The proposed method needs no advance scene calibration, no object tracking and no sample training, which is easy to transplant to other scene.
Developing a characterization of business intelligence workloads for sizing new database systems

Computer system sizing involves estimating the amount of hardware resources needed to support a new workload not yet deployed in a production environment. In order to determine the type and quantity of resources required, a methodology is required for describing the new workload. In this paper, we discuss the sizing process for database management systems and describe an analysis for characterizing business intelligence (BI) workloads, using the TPC-H benchmark as our workload basis. The characterization yields four general classes of queries, each with different characteristics. Our approach for sizing a BI application's database tier quantifies a new BI workload in terms of the response time goals and mix of the different query classes obtained from the characterization analysis.
Mitochondrial ATP Depletion Disrupts Caco-2 Monolayer Integrity and Internalizes Claudin 7

Objective: In vivo studies suggest that intestinal barrier integrity is dependent on mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we aim to provide mechanistic support, using an in vitro model mimicking the oxidative in vivo situation. Methods: Human Caco-2 cells were cultured for 10 days in culture flasks or for 14 days on transwell inserts in either glucose-containing or galactose-containing medium. Mitochondria were visualized and cellular respiration and levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins were determined. Mitochondrial ATP depletion was induced using CCCP, rotenone, or piericidin A (PA). Monolayer permeability was assessed using transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and fluorescein flux. Gene expression and cellular distribution of tight junction proteins were analyzed. Results: Caco-2 cells cultured in galactose-containing, but not in glucose-containing, medium showed increased mitochondrial connectivity, oxygen consumption rates and levels of OXPHOS proteins. Inhibition of mitochondrial ATP production using CCCP, rotenone or PA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in Caco-2 monolayer permeability. In-depth studies with PA showed a six fold decrease in cellular ATP and revealed increased gene expression of tight junction proteins (TJP) 1 and 2, occludin, and claudin 1, but decreased gene expression of claudin 2 and 7. Of these, claudin 7 was clearly redistributed from the cellular membrane into the cytoplasm, while the others were not (TJP1, occludin) or slightly (claudin 2, actin) affected. In vivo studies suggest that intestinal barrier integrity is dependent on mitochondrial ATP production. Here, we aim to provide mechanistic support, using an in vitro model mimicking the oxidative in vivo situation. Conclusions: Well-functioning mitochondria are essential for maintaining cellular energy status and monolayer integrity of galactose grown Caco-2 cells. Energy depletion-induced Caco-2 monolayer permeability may be facilitated by changes in the distribution of claudin 7.
Multimedia authentication with sensor-based watermarking

Fragile/semi-fragile watermarking are important methods for authenticating multimedia contents. The watermark must be sensitive to malicious attacks. However, at the same time, it also has to be insensitive to allowed modifications. In practice, the definitions of "allowed modifications" are various. It is difficult to satisfy multiple users having different authentication requirements with a fixed algorithm. In this paper, we introduced a novel "sensor-based" authentication watermarking with the concept of "authentication on demand", in which user requirements are adopted as parameters for authentication. In addition, fuzzy identification of multiple authentication sensors' outputs has introduced the ability of finely tuning on authentication type and degree. With this approach, authentication sensitivity to malicious attacks is enhanced. At the same time, the approach is also more robust against allowed modifications. As a byproduct, this algorithm provides a new function, to detect the attack method.
Predicting Hot-Spots in Distributed Cloud Databases Using Association Rule Mining

Data partitioning is a popular technique to horizontally or vertically split table attributes of a Cloud database cluster to evenly distribute increasing workloads. However, hot-spots can be created due to inappropriate partitioning scheme and static partition management without considering the dynamic workload characteristics. In this paper, an automatic database partition management scheme - APM - is proposed which periodically analyses workload logs to predict the formation of any potential hot-spot using association rule mining. A detailed illustration of the proposed scheme is presented with examples along with a cost model following by experimental observations from running a HBase cluster with YCSB workloads in AWS.
Redundancy in Periplasmic Binding Protein-Dependent Transport Systems for Trehalose, Sucrose, and Maltose in Sinorhizobium meliloti

ABSTRACT We have identified a cluster of six genes involved in trehalose transport and utilization (thu) in Sinorhizobium meliloti. Four of these genes, thuE, -F, -G, and -K, were found to encode components of a binding protein-dependent trehalose/maltose/sucrose ABC transporter. Their deduced gene products comprise a trehalose/maltose-binding protein (ThuE), two integral membrane proteins (ThuF and ThuG), and an ATP-binding protein (ThuK). In addition, a putative regulatory protein (ThuR) was found divergently transcribed from the thuEFGK operon. When the thuE locus was inactivated by gene replacement, the resulting S. meliloti strain was impaired in its ability to grow on trehalose, and a significant retardation in growth was seen on maltose as well. The wild type and the thuE mutant were indistinguishable for growth on glucose and sucrose. This suggested a possible overlap in function of the thuEFGK operon with the aglEFGAK operon, which was identified as a binding protein-dependent ATP-binding transport system for sucrose, maltose, and trehalose. The Kms for trehalose transport were 8 ± 1 nM and 55 ± 5 nM in the uninduced and induced cultures, respectively. Transport and growth experiments using mutants impaired in either or both of these transport systems show that these systems form the major transport systems for trehalose, maltose, and sucrose. By using a thuE′-lacZ fusion, we show that thuE is induced only by trehalose and not by cellobiose, glucose, maltopentaose, maltose, mannitol, or sucrose, suggesting that the thuEFGK system is primarily targeted toward trehalose. The aglEFGAK operon, on the other hand, is induced primarily by sucrose and to a lesser extent by trehalose. Tests for root colonization, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation suggest that uptake of disaccharides can be critical for colonization of alfalfa roots but is not important for nodulation and nitrogen fixation per se.
Evaluation of a Stochastic Inactivation Model for Heat-Activated Spores of Bacillus spp

ABSTRACT Heat activates the dormant spores of certain Bacillus spp. , which is reflected in the “activation shoulder” in their survival curves. At the same time, heat also inactivates the already active and just activated spores, as well as those still dormant. A stochastic model based on progressively changing probabilities of activation and inactivation can describe this phenomenon. The model is presented in a fully probabilistic discrete form for individual and small groups of spores and as a semicontinuous deterministic model for large spore populations. The same underlying algorithm applies to both isothermal and dynamic heat treatments. Its construction does not require the assumption of the activation and inactivation kinetics or knowledge of their biophysical and biochemical mechanisms. A simplified version of the semicontinuous model was used to simulate survival curves with the activation shoulder that are reminiscent of experimental curves reported in the literature. The model is not intended to replace current models to predict dynamic inactivation but only to offer a conceptual alternative to their interpretation. Nevertheless, by linking the survival curve's shape to probabilities of events at the individual spore level, the model explains, and can be used to simulate, the irregular activation and survival patterns of individual and small groups of spores, which might be involved in food poisoning and spoilage.