Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conjecture on the chemical stability and corrosion resistance of Cu-Al and Au-Al intermetallics in ball bonds

Under moist conditions and in the presence of chlorine (Cl), copper ball bonds appear more prone to corrosion than gold ball bonds. One reason for this may be that Cu-Al intermetallic compounds are more susceptible to attack by moisture than Au-Al intermetallic compounds. The presence of Cl may also accelerate this effect. This article suggests that the effective heat of formation of Cu-Al and Au-Al compounds, which is a measure of stability and chemical resistance to change, may be correlated with surface energy of the various compounds. Due to lack of experimental data, surface energy of compounds is calculated in the liquid state and an assumption is made that the difference between liquid and solid compound surface energies is negligible. An initial conjecture is made that low surface energy compounds are more stable than those with high surface energy. Results of calculations for Cu-Al and Au-Al compounds suggest that CuAl2 may be more stable than Cu9Al4 due to the latter having a smaller effective heat of formation (EHOF) and a higher surface energy. This is in line with experimental observations, However, the initial conjecture is modified by including work function because of the increase of surface energy of Au-Al compounds is accompanied by high stability. A further conjecture is that there is a relationship between work function, corrosion resistance and EHOF.
A Matlab toolbox for LMI-based analysis and synthesis of LPV/LFT self-scheduled H∞ control systems

When controlling a Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) system, a LPV regulator is advisable, since it ensures better performance than a simple Linear Time Invariant actually does. In fact, real-time scheduling to the variations of the system allows the achievement of stability and performance requirements for a number of operating points. Within this setting, this paper discusses a Matlab toolbox achieving a self-scheduled LPV controller for an LPV model of the plant, robust in an H∞ sense in the face of uncertainties affecting the system's dynamics, through a Linear Matrix Inequality approach. The resulting algorithm alternatively implements synthesis and analysis steps, until the desired closed-loop performance level has been reached or no improvement between two successive steps arises.
The AI2 system at SemEval-2017 Task 10 (ScienceIE): semi-supervised end-to-end entity and relation extraction

This paper describes our submission for the ScienceIE shared task (SemEval- 2017 Task 10) on entity and relation extraction from scientific papers. Our model is based on the end-to-end relation extraction model of Miwa and Bansal (2016) with several enhancements such as semi-supervised learning via neural language models, character-level encoding, gazetteers extracted from existing knowledge bases, and model ensembles. Our official submission ranked first in end-to-end entity and relation extraction (scenario 1), and second in the relation-only extraction (scenario 3).
Subcutaneous interstitial fluid pressure and arm volume in lymphoedema.

Interstitial fluid pressures were measured by the wick in needle method in the swollen and normal arms of 38 patients with lymphoedema resulting from treatment for breast cancer. The mean increase in arm volume, calculated from sequential circumferential measurements, was 33% (range 0.25 to 85.9). Subcutis interstitial fluid pressure in the swollen arm (2.0 cmH2O range -4.5 cmH2O to 6.8 cmH2O) was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than in the contralateral, non-swollen arm (-2.6 cmH2O range -11 cmH2O to 0 cmH2O). Interstitial fluid pressure in the oedematous arm did not correlate with the duration of the swelling (1-324 months), but did correlate with the increase in volume relative to the normal arm (r = 0.38, p < 0.05), the slope ('apparent compliance') being 28 ml.dl-1.cmH2O-1. The pressure-volume curve was less steep than the classic curve for acute oedema of dog limbs (Guyton, 1965). Vascular pressures were normal. The interstitial fluid pressures were not as high as those reported for lymphoedema of the lower extremity (mean 17.9 mmHg, Christensen et al., 1985). Nevertheless, the rise in interstitial fluid pressure by an average of 4.6 cmH2O constitutes a force opposing further microvascular fluid filtration and perhaps promoting fluid drainage out of the arm.
8.7 Dual-use low-drop-out regulator/power gate with linear and on-off conduction modes for microprocessor on-die supply voltages in 14nm

In recent generations of microprocessors, there has been an increase in the number and types of processors integrated on the same die. For example, in [1] several IA (Intel architecture) cores have been integrated on-chip with a graphics processor. Multi-core trends are expected to increase in future generations with different cores and units requiring varying supply voltages. As platform footprints are also required to decrease, this causes a unique challenge for voltage regulation. In [2], an on-die switching fully integrated voltage regulator (FIVR) was demonstrated, which presents a very good solution in many cases. However, the FIVR requires inductors, which may not always be available. In addition, it may be desirable to sub-divide some of the FIVR domains using power gates and/or linear voltage regulators, such as low-drop-out regulators (LDO). LDOs can be used to enable different units of the chip to operate at their optimal voltage levels, which could save power. For example, different types of cores often have significantly different minimum-Vcc levels in low-power mode. In addition, a core or graphics unit could enter a high-performance mode, where the voltage is ramped up to enable performance, while other cores are in sleep or low-power modes.
THE EFFECT OF FIXATION AND TRYPSINIZATION ON THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF INTRACELLULAR IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN PARAFFIN EMBEDDED MATERIAL

Using an indirect labelled immunoperoxidase technique the influence of fixation time on the antigenicity of intracellular immunoglobulin in lymphoid tissue fixed in buffered formalin has been investigated. Within a fixation period of 96 hours a decrease of 15% of stainable immunoglobulin containing cells was found, for every 24 hours the fixation time was prolonged. By comparing sections from tissue fixed in buffered formalin and selected fixatives (Lillie's AAF, Bouin's fluid, Clarke's fluid and 96% ethanol 1% acetic acid (E‐A) processed at 4°C and at 25°C) an increased number of stained immunoglobulin containing cells was found in tissue fixed in Lillie's AAF, Bouin's fluid, Clarke's fluid and E‐A processed at 4°C. No difference was found between tissue fixed in buffered formalin and E‐A processed at 25°C. In addition the effect of pretreatment of the sections with trypsin on the number of stainable immunoglobulin containing cells was investigated. Trypsinization of sections from formalin fixed material increased the number of stainable cells substantially. No essential effect was seen on tissue fixed in Lillie's AAF and Bouin's fluid. In contrast trypsin treatment of sections from tissue fixed in Clarke's fluid and E‐A completely destroyed the tissue. No differences were observed between different immunoglobulin classes examined as regards the effect of fixation time, fixatives and trypsinization.
Em bistatic scattering by sea surface and experimental study of the hydrodynamic phenomena

In this paper, we will present an experimental validation of the results given in [1] about the hydrodynamic phenomena (nonlinear) produced by the breaking coastal waves on the co-polar scattering coefficients in the bistatic configuration (especially in forward propagation case). Actually, we have carried out different X-band experimental measurements of aluminum wave profile in an anechoic (echoless) chamber (Ensta Bretagne), which was calibrated (EMSL Simple Polarimetric Calibration [2]).
The estimation of age, period and cohort effects for vital rates.

In models for vital rates which include effects due to age, period and cohort, there is aliasing due to a linear dependence among these three factors. This dependence arises both when age and period intervals are equal and when they are not. One solution to the dependence is to set an arbitrary constraint on the parameters. Estimable functions of the parameters are invariant to the particular constraint applied. For evenly spaced intervals, deviations from linearity are estimable but only a linear function of the three slopes is estimable. When age and period intervals have different widths, further aliasing occurs. It is assumed that the number of deaths in the numerator of the rate equation has a Poisson distribution. The calculations are illustrated with data on mortality from prostate cancer among nonwhites in the U.S.
A dynamic analysis of migration: an assessment of the effects of age, family and career variables

This paper examines the utility of viewing migration in the context of work careers and family life cycles. We do this by studying migration as a discrete state, continuous time process. We find that the inverse relationship between age and migration is due almost completely to the effects of family life cycle and work career variables. Further, we find that job- or locationspecific resources, prestige and wage deter migration.
Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase‐containing neurons and fibers in the brain of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus): General patterns and labeling in vocal control nuclei

The distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was mapped out in cells and fibers of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) brain. Special attention was given to vocal control and auditory nuclei because budgerigars are a psittacine species in which both males and females are capable of lifelong vocal learning (Farabaugh et al. [1994] J. Comp. Psychol 108:81–92). The results show that TH staining in the central nucleus of the anterior archistriatum (AAc) resembled that of surrounding archistriatal fields, except for portions of the ventral archistriatum, which exhibited substantially more TH+ fibers. Fewer fibers and fiber baskets are present in the central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum (NLc) than in surrounding fields. Both the oval nuclei of the ventral hyperstriatum (HVo) and anterior neostriatum (NAo) exhibit less fiber staining than surrounding fields whereas fiber staining in the medial NAo (NAom) and magnicellular nucleus of the parolfactory lobe (LPOm) resemble that of surrounding fields. Staining in primary telencephalic auditory nuclei was extremely low. The only sex difference observed was slightly increased TH staining in LPOm of females compared with surrounding fields on some tissue sections. These findings are in contrast to previous findings in zebra finch (Poephila guttata), a close ended vocal learning songbird in which TH staining in vocal nuclei increases during development and remains greater than surrounding fields throughout adulthood. The present results therefore support the view that catecholamines act to inhibit vocal plasticity in adult vocal learning species. Several unique features of TH‐immunoreactive (ir) cell groups were observed in the brainstem including sparsely scattered TH‐ir somata immediately adjacent to the third ventricle, within the tectum, basal forebrain, archistriatum, and caudal neostriatum, and in the hippocampus. These latter populations have not been described in other avian species and resemble features of the catecholamine system generally found in either reptiles or mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 429:436–454, 2001. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved Optimization Strategy for Irradiance Equalization in Dynamic Photovoltaic Arrays

This paper proposes an improved strategy for the optimization of dynamic photovoltaic arrays (DPVAs) utilizing the “irradiance equalization” (IEq) reconfiguration strategy. This type of reconfigurable array is already very robust as it amalgamates the flexibility of dynamic reconfiguration with the averaging ability of total cross-tied array architecture. This paper identifies four areas to further increase the power yield and significantly reduce the time for a return on investment. Results indicate potential efficiency improvements of more than 10% in some cases, and between 4% and 10% across a number of random and abrupt shading conditions. As in any DPVA system, the proposed approaches require additional hardware and advanced control algorithms compared to a static PV array, but anyone implementing a dynamic array has already committed themselves to including the majority of this infrastructure. This investigation supports the idea of a fully dynamic IEq-DPVA with the ability to resize its array dimensions while implementing a rapid sorting algorithm based on information gathered using a novel precision irradiance profiling technique.
Internet Addiction Among College Students in China: Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates

This study examined the prevalence of Internet addiction among college students in China and explored the correlations between Internet addiction and psychosocial factors. A total of 1,173 Chinese college students (62.1 percent males, Mage = 19.65 years) were invited to complete a questionnaire containing measures of demographic characteristics, psychosocial correlates, including the quality of the parent-child relationship, propensity for depression, and psychosocial competence, and Internet addictive behaviors. Among the participating students, 15.2 percent were classified as having Internet addiction. Furthermore, students who reported poorer parent-child relationships, higher levels of depression, and lower levels of psychosocial competence were more likely to report behaviors indicative of Internet addiction. Internet addiction was prevalent among college students in China. The significant predictors of Internet addiction were found to include the quality of the family environment (i.e., the quality of the parent-child relationship), personal mental health status (i.e., the existence of depression), and the level of developmental assets (i.e., psychosocial competence). These findings suggest that improving the quality of family life and promoting psychosocial competence among youth can be promising approaches for preventing or/and reducing Internet addiction among college students in China.
A process‐based diagnostic approach to model evaluation: Application to the NWS distributed hydrologic model

Distributed hydrological models have the potential to provide improved streamflow forecasts along the entire channel network, while also simulating the spatial dynamics of evapotranspiration, soil moisture content, water quality, soil erosion, and land use change impacts. However, they are perceived as being difficult to parameterize and evaluate, thus translating into significant predictive uncertainty in the model results. Although a priori parameter estimates derived from observable watershed characteristics can help to minimize obstacles to model implementation, there exists a need for powerful automated parameter estimation strategies that incorporate diagnostic information regarding the causes of poor model performance. This paper investigates a diagnostic approach to model evaluation that exploits hydrological context and theory to aid in the detection and resolution of watershed model inadequacies, through consideration of three of the four major behavioral functions of any watershed system; overall water balance, vertical redistribution, and temporal redistribution (spatial redistribution was not addressed). Instead of using classical statistical measures (such as mean squared error), we use multiple hydrologically relevant “signature measures” to quantify the performance of the model at the watershed outlet in ways that correspond to the functions mentioned above and therefore help to guide model improvements in a meaningful way. We apply the approach to the Hydrology Laboratory Distributed Hydrologic Model (HL‐DHM) of the National Weather Service and show that diagnostic evaluation has the potential to provide a powerful and intuitive basis for deriving consistent estimates of the parameters of watershed models.
Expectations of Field Supervisors in Kenya: Implications for Community-based Human Service Practicums

Community-based learning (CBL), which provides opportunities for undergraduate students to develop disciplinary and work-related knowledge and skills, is increasingly becoming an integral component of higher education. Similar to other countries, there is a widespread belief among employers in Kenya that there is a mismatch between university programs and labour market demands. In order to enhance the employability of graduates, many departments at a Kenyan university have incorporated work-integrated experiential learning opportunities such as practicums in the educational experience for undergraduate students. The aim of this article is to describe the expectations of field supervisors in host organisations participitating in a community-based human services program at a Kenyan University. Fifteen purposively sampled field supervisors participated in individual face-to-face interviews that included questions about their understanding of the department’s expectations of student learning activities during practicums, knowledge of the academic preparation of students in the program and challenges associated with the supervisory role. Six field supervisors exhibited some level of understanding of the expectations of their role in working with practicum students, while nine field supervisors indicated unclear expectations of the students’ practicum experience. Thematic analysis revealed key themes related to: (1) student abilities, learning goals and their contributions to the host organisations, and (2) the academic program of study and academic support available from the university faculty or staff to field supervisors. The results of our study revealed a lack of clarity around practicum expectations for most of the field supervisors interviewed and insufficient preparation of the community-based organisations to host a practicum student. Several recommendations are identified to clarify the expectations of community partner organisations and the staff providing student supervision to ensure benefits for both students and the host organisation. Results from this study can be used to inform the development or improvement of practicum opportunities focused on producing a skilled workforce.
Should Farmers Farm More? Comparing Marginal Products within Malawian Households

According to standard economic theory, households should equate the marginal revenue product of an input across activities within the household. Using data on agricultural plots and non-farm enterprises in Malawi, we test whether the marginal revenue product of labor (MRPL) is equal across agricultural and non-farm production within a household. We control for many household and production characteristics, including household fixed effects, and find agricultural MRPL to be consistently higher than non-farm MRPL. These results hold when restricting estimation to periods of high and low non-farm labor allocation. Further analyses suggest both production and price risk may be partially responsible for these deviations from MRPL equality. We also show that comparing average revenue products of labor is not sufficient evidence for claiming allocative inefficiency. In our data, the average revenue products of labor lead to an erroneous conclusion, reiterating the need to compare marginal products when testing for allocative efficiency.
RDRioMycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Is Associated with a Higher Frequency of Cavitary Pulmonary Disease

ABSTRACT Molecular genotyping has shown Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages to be geographically restricted and associated with distinct ethnic populations. Whether tuberculosis (TB) caused by some M. tuberculosis lineages can present with a differential clinical spectrum is controversial because of very limited clinical data. We recently reported on the discovery of RDRioM. tuberculosis, a Latin American-Mediterranean sublineage that is the predominant cause of TB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. To investigate the clinical attributes of TB caused by RDRio strains, we studied a cohort of TB cases from Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in which clinical information recorded on a standardized questionnaire was collected at the time of microbiological testing. These patients were referred for culture and drug susceptibility testing because of the clinical suspicion of “complicated” TB, as demonstrated by high rates of multidrug resistance (12%) and cavitary TB (80%). We performed spoligotyping and RDRio genotyping on the M. tuberculosis strains and analyzed the clinical data from these patients. RDRioM. tuberculosis accounted for 37% of the total TB burden. Multivariate analysis found a significant association between TB caused by RDRio strains and pulmonary cavitation and residence in Belo Horizonte. Since cavitary TB is associated with higher sputum bacillary load, our findings support the hypothesis that RDRioM. tuberculosis is associated with a more “severe” disease as a strategy to increase transmission. Future studies are needed to confirm these observations and to better define the contribution of RDRioM. tuberculosis to the global TB epidemic.
Gender difference in higher education in Ethiopia: a case of Addis Ababa University (AAU)

ABSTRACT This study intends to indicate the extent of gender disparity; compare gender gap in science and engineering with that of social science and health fields; and explore the reasons for gender gap in Addis Ababa University (AAU). It employed a mixed design, using document analysis for collecting quantitative data regarding the extent of disparity and using interview for collecting qualitative data regarding the reasons for disparity. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentages while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Accordingly, the study showed that the gender gap in enrolments, in graduates, and in honours lists in the last five years remains wide in favour of males. Females’ underrepresentation was worse in science and engineering fields. Moreover, females’ educational attainment was lower as compared to males; and their attainment in science and engineering fields was lower than that in social science fields. It appears that females’ underrepresentation in the university in general and in science and engineering fields in particular is attributable to different factors rooted in social and cultural norms and practices.
Virulence Determinants of Pandemic A(H1N1)2009 Influenza Virus in a Mouse Model

ABSTRACT A novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus [A(H1N1)pdm09 virus] caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. Most patients exhibited mild symptoms similar to seasonal influenza, but some experienced severe clinical signs and, in the worst cases, died. Such differences in symptoms are generally associated with preexisting medical conditions, but recent reports indicate the possible involvement of viral factors in clinical severity. To better understand the mechanism of pathogenicity of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, here, we compared five viruses that are genetically similar but were isolated from patients with either severe or mild symptoms. In a mouse model, A/Norway/3487/2009 (Norway3487) virus exhibited greater pathogenicity than did A/Osaka/164/2009 (Osaka164) virus. By exploiting reassortant viruses between these two viruses, we found that viruses possessing the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of Norway3487 in the genetic background of Osaka164 were more pathogenic in mice than other reassortant viruses, indicating a role for HA in the high virulence of Norway3487 virus. Intriguingly, a virus possessing HA, NA, and NS derived from Norway3487 exhibited greater pathogenicity in mice in concert with PB2 and PB1 derived from Osaka164 than did the parental Norway3487 virus. These findings demonstrate that reassortment between A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses can lead to increased pathogenicity and highlight the need for continued surveillance of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses.