Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiments Using Stochastic Search for Text Planning

• Marcu has characterised an impor tan t and difficult problem in text planning: given a set of facts to convey and a set of rhetorical relat ions tha t can be used to link them together, how can one arrange this material so as to yield the best possible text? We describe exper iments with a number of heuristic Search methods for this task. ' 1 • I n t r o d u c t i o n : T e x t P l a n n i n g 1.1 T h e T a s k Th i s paper presents some initial experiments us ing stochastic search methods for aspects of text planning. The work was motivated by the needs of the ILEX system for generating descriptions of museum artefacts (in particular, 20th Century jewellery) [Mellish e t al 98]. We present results on examPles semi-automatically generated from datastructures that exist within ILEX. Forming a se t of facts about a piece of jewellery into a structure that yields a coherent text is a non-trivial problem. Rhetorical Structure T h e o r y [ M a n n and Thompson 87] claims that a text i s coherent just in case it can be analysed hierarchically in terms of relations between text spans. Much work in NLG makes the assumption that constructing something like an RS tree is a necessary step in the planning of a text. This work takes as its starting point Marcu's [Marcu 97] excellent • formalisation of R S T and the problem of building legal RST trees, and for the purposes of this paper the phrase "text planning" will generally denote the task characterised by him. In this task, one is given a set of facts all of which should be included in a text and a set of relations between facts, some of which c a n b e included in the text. The task is to produce a legal RS tree using the facts and some relations (or the "best" such tree). Following the original work on RST a n d assumptions that have been commonly made in subsequent work, we wil ! assume that there is a fixed set of possible relations (we include "joint" as a second-class relation which can be applied to any two facts, but whose use is not preferred). Each relation has a nucleus and a satellite (we don ' t consider mult iple nuclei or satellites here, apart from the case of "joint", which is essentially multinuclear). Each relation may be indicated by a distinctive "cue phrase" , with the nucleus and satellite being realised in some fashion around it. Each relation has applicability conditions which can be tested between two atomic facts. For two complex text spans, a relation holds exactly when that relation holds between the nuclei of those spans. Relations can thus hold between text spans Of arbitrary size. Figure 1 shows an example of the form of the input that is used for the experiments •reported here. Each primitive "fact" is represented in terms of a subject, verb and complement (as well as a unique identifier). The "subject" is assumed to be the entity that the fact is "about". The approaches reported here have not yet been linked to a realisation component, and so the ent i t ies a 80 Sou th Bridge, Edinburgh EH1 1HN. Email: {chrism, micko}~dai, ed. ac. uk, {a l ik , j on}ecogsc£, ed. ac . uk • 9 8 I I I I I I •( ! | :! I
Co-authoring spiritual ways of being : a narrative group approach to Christian spirituality

This qualitatively oriented Practical Theology research project was based on a narrative enquiry into the spiritualities of five Christ-followers. These conversations occurred within a small group context, and were aimed at enabling the participants to co-author preferred spiritual ways of being. Because of my commitment to reflexive research practice, other voices and perspectives were invited into the research process. Besides sharing in numerous reflexive conversations with my supervisors, I brought into the group three 'outside voices'. By sharing their stories, these 'outside voices' challenged privatised expressions of spirituality, introducing a 'hermeneutic of suspicion' into the research process and enabling the research participants to wrestle with the challenges of a compassionate and ethical spirituality. In this conversational journey I was able to engage the central research question of whether a group narrative approach can facilitate the intention of Practical Theology to transform human life. Key terms: Christian spirituality, narrative approach, Practical Theology, contextual approach, hermeneutic approach, 'hermeneutic of suspicion', social constructionism, ethical, reflexivity, local congregation.
Defect Generation at Charge-Passivated $\hbox{Si}$ –$\hbox{SiO}_{2}$ Interfaces by Ultraviolet Light

The effect of surface charge on defect generation at the Si-SiO2 interface by UV radiation is investigated. The surface charge is deposited by the corona method, and photoconductance and Kelvin probe measurements are used to characterize surface recombination and surface charge density. Both electron injection and defect generation are found to occur for significantly lower photon energies in the presence of a positive surface charge, with evidence that photons with an energy less than 3.66 eV are capable of generating interface defects. In contrast to previous studies on MOS structures, the majority of the defect generation is found to occur at oxide fields less than ~ 1 MV/cm. A possible explanation is discussed in terms of the hydrogen-release model of the defect generation. These results have significant relevance to high-efficiency silicon solar cells.
Inflation model of Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, constrained by satellite radar interferometry observations

We analyzed RADARSAT‐1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data to compute interferometric SAR (InSAR) images of surface deformation at Uzon caldera, Kamchatka, Russia. From 2000 to 2003 approximately 0.15 m of inflation occurred at Uzon caldera, extending beneath adjacent Kikhpinych volcano. This contrasts with InSAR data showing no significant deformation during either the 1999 to 2000, or 2003 to 2004, time periods. We performed three sets of numerical source inversions to fit InSAR data from three different swaths spanning 2000 to 2003. The preferred source model is an irregularly shaped, pressurized crack, dipping ∼20° to the NW, 4 km below the surface. The geometry of this solution is similar to the upper boundary of the geologically inferred magma chamber. Extension of the surface deformation and source to adjacent Kikhpinych volcano, without an eruption, suggests that the deformation is more likely of hydrothermal origin, possibly driven by recharge of the magma chamber.
Mathematical studies of liquid crystals

These presentations deal with mathematical problems of the liquid crystal theory. We label as liquid crystals those materials capable of showing different degrees of molecular ordering, both, orientational and positional, according to temperature and concentration. Such materials may flow like fluids and experience deformations as elastic solids. One issue of interest is the interaction with applied electric fields within the scope of applications to devices, such as switches and artificial muscles. We present a survey of static and flow theories of liquid crystals, emphasizing mathematical studies of existence and properties of solutions of the governing equations. The coupling between molecular ordering and elastic deformation arises in connection with elastomer polymer networks. Finally, the inclusion of fluid flow in elastic networks motivates us to introduce the problem of gel swelling. Whereas some of the results presented here are classic, we also emphasize new and open problems. 1 Modeling Survey and Phenomenology Liquid crystals are phases intermediate between solid and liquid. Wheres some liquid crystals consist of rigid and elongated molecules, liquid crystal phases are also exhibited by more complicated molecules (e.g., with bent-shapes) and also by some polymeric networks. We use the chemical structure of the molecule and the corresponding type of interaction to motivate the continuum theory models of the phases. We give a survey of the phenomenology for the different phases, from the nematic (with orientational order of molecules, tending to follow preferred directions of alignment), through the smectic phases (with positional order of centers of mass, arranged in layers). We address the
A Generic Toolkit for Converting Web Applications Into High-Interaction Honeypots

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a generic toolkit for turning arbitrary PHP web applications into high interaction honeypots in an automated fashion. We demonstrate the wide applicability of this approach by applying it to four popular existing web applications. Moreover, we show the effectiveness of our system by using it to analyze 70 actual attacks including 9 complete malware tools that were captured within a period of ten weeks. In addition, we present a method of driving traffic to a web-based honeypot by advertising it through transparent links. We conclude that our toolkit allows for simple and effective deployment of web-based honeypots based on existing PHP web applications.
CbbR, a LysR-type transcriptional activator, is required for expression of the autotrophic CO2 fixation enzymes of Xanthobacter flavus

Xanthobacter flavus is able to grow autotrophically with the enzymes of the Calvin cycle for the fixation of CO2, which are specified by the cbbLSXFP gene cluster. Previously, the 5' end of an open reading frame (cbbR), displaying a high sequence similarity to the LysR family of regulatory proteins and transcribed divergently from cbbLSXFP, was identified (W. G. Meijer, A. C. Arnberg, H. G. Enequist, P. Terpstra, M. E. Lidstrom, and L. Dijkhuizen, Mol. Gen. Genet. 225:320-330, 1991). This paper reports the complete nucleotide sequence of cbbR and a functional characterization of the gene. The cbbR gene of X. flavus specifies a 333-amino-acid polypeptide, with a molecular weight of 35,971. Downstream from cbbR, the 3' end of an open reading frame displaying a high similarity to ORF60K from Pseudomonas putida and ORF261 from Bacillus subtilis was identified. ORF60K and ORF261 are located at the replication origin of the bacterial chromosome. Inactivation of cbbR, via the insertion of an antibiotic resistance gene, rendered X. flavus unable to grow autotrophically. This was caused not by an inability to oxidize autotrophic substrates (e.g., formate) but by a complete lack of expression of the cbb genes. The expression of the CbbR protein in Escherichia coli was achieved by placing cbbR behind a strong promoter and optimization of the translational signals of cbbR. CbbR binds specifically to two binding sites in the cbbR-cbbL intergenic region.
GeneDistiller—Distilling Candidate Genes from Linkage Intervals

Background Linkage studies often yield intervals containing several hundred positional candidate genes. Different manual or automatic approaches exist for the determination of the gene most likely to cause the disease. While the manual search is very flexible and takes advantage of the researchers' background knowledge and intuition, it may be very cumbersome to collect and study the relevant data. Automatic solutions on the other hand usually focus on certain models, remain “black boxes” and do not offer the same degree of flexibility. Methodology We have developed a web-based application that combines the advantages of both approaches. Information from various data sources such as gene-phenotype associations, gene expression patterns and protein-protein interactions was integrated into a central database. Researchers can select which information for the genes within a candidate interval or for single genes shall be displayed. Genes can also interactively be filtered, sorted and prioritised according to criteria derived from the background knowledge and preconception of the disease under scrutiny. Conclusions GeneDistiller provides knowledge-driven, fully interactive and intuitive access to multiple data sources. It displays maximum relevant information, while saving the user from drowning in the flood of data. A typical query takes less than two seconds, thus allowing an interactive and explorative approach to the hunt for the candidate gene. Access GeneDistiller can be freely accessed at http://www.genedistiller. org
Heteromerization of Ciliary G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Mouse Brain

Nearly every cell type in the mammalian body projects from its cell surface a primary cilium that provides important sensory and signaling functions. Defects in the formation or function of primary cilia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human developmental disorders and diseases, collectively termed ciliopathies. Most neurons in the brain possess cilia that are enriched for signaling proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors and adenylyl cyclase type 3, suggesting neuronal cilia sense neuromodulators in the brain and contribute to non-synaptic signaling. Indeed, disruption of neuronal cilia or loss of neuronal ciliary signaling proteins is associated with obesity and learning and memory deficits. As the functions of primary cilia are defined by the signaling proteins that localize to the ciliary compartment, identifying the complement of signaling proteins in cilia can provide important insights into their physiological roles. Here we report for the first time that different GPCRs can colocalize within the same cilium. Specifically, we found the ciliary GPCRs, melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1) and somatostatin receptor 3 (Sstr3) colocalizing within cilia in multiple mouse brain regions. In addition, we have evidence suggesting Mchr1 and Sstr3 form heteromers. As GPCR heteromerization can affect ligand binding properties as well as downstream signaling, our findings add an additional layer of complexity to neuronal ciliary signaling.
Enforcing Fairness for Data Collection in Wireless Sensor Networks

The well known many–to–one data routingparadigm [1] in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) demands non–uniform medium access and forwarding strategy to achieve theultimate node level fairness. Since nodes closer to the sink havemore traffic than that of far–away nodes, close–by nodes needto employ different frequency of media access and forwardingprobability such that sink receives almost equal number ofpackets from all the nodes in the network. In this paper, wedesign a distributed fair data collection protocol where the nodescan decide their media access and packet forwarding strategieswithin the WSN such that a fair throughput can be enjoyed byeach node irrespective of the node’s distance from the sink. Wedemonstrate the effectiveness of our solution through simulationsand results show that the proposed protocol ensures the fairdelivery of packets, improves throughput and reduces end–to–end delay for the different WSN scenarios under study.
Topic Feature Extraction of Chinese News Title

To attract first attention at a glance, news titles are often short and contain important abstract information of web news. Topic feature extraction of web news title can greatly help news processing system to improve efficiency and accuracy before process whole news text. After segmentation and tagging, some words are wrongly truncated into discontinuous characters and phrases are into separate words as well. This paper proposes a topic feature extracting model from Chinese web news titles on phrase granularity. Titles are truncated into tagged key words before using frequent patterns to combine words into phrases, which are topic features. We conduct experimental studies on corpus of Chinese news titles between March 2011 and June 2011. The result showed that our topic extraction approach can yield quite reasonable topic feature phrases.
An approximate Annealing Search algorithm to global optimization and its connection to stochastic approximation

The Annealing Adaptive Search (AAS) algorithm searches the feasible region of an optimization problem by generating candidate solutions from a sequence of Boltzmann distributions. However, the difficulty of sampling from a Boltzmann distribution at each iteration of the algorithm limits its applications to practical problems. To address this difficulty, we propose an approximation of AAS, called Model-based Annealing Random Search (MARS), that samples solutions from a sequence of surrogate distributions that iteratively approximate the target Boltzmann distributions. We present the global convergence properties of MARS by exploiting its connection to the stochastic approximation method and report on numerical results.
Self-reported discomfort associated with Daylight Saving Time in Brazilian tropical and subtropical zones

Abstract Background: Daylight Saving Time (DST) annually moves clocks 1 hour forward, when daytime is longer than night. Previous studies from medium and high latitude locations have pointed to a disruptive effect of DST on human circadian rhythms. Since Brazil is an equatorial country implementing DST, a different relationship between photic and social synchronisers may interfere with DST effects. Aim: To explore the prevalence and duration of self-reported discomfort related to DST among Brazilian residents (latitude 12–33° S, longditude 39–57° W). It was hypothesised that an elevated prevalence of self-reported discomfort would be found in Brazil, due to the pronounced uncoupling between social and geophysical synchronisers. Subjects and methods: In total, 12 467 volunteers completed a web-based, Brazilian version of Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, provided demographic information, and answered questions related to DST complaints (discomfort, duration of discomfort). Results: Of the total sample, 45.43% reported no discomfort related to DST, with meaningful proportions for all chronotypes. However, eveningness was most associated with discomfort. About one fourth of the total sample reported discomfort over the whole DST period. Gender interaction is largely supported by these results. Conclusions: DST at low latitude locations may be disruptive for circadian rhythms, since seasonality of sunrise near the equator is negligible or very mild.
Direct-acting Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the US and Japan. Therefore, eradication of HCV may reduce the occurrence of HCC in HCV-infected individuals. In 2011, the use of first-generation HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors such as telaprevir and boceprevir was initiated for clinical treatment of HCV. Administration of telaprevir and boceprevir plus peginterferon and ribavirin increased rates of sustained virological response (SVR) in HCV genotype 1-infected patients. However, this treatment regimen also led to severe adverse events. Second-generation direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for HCV, such as simeprevir plus peg-interferon and ribavirin also resulted in higher SVR rates, with similar adverse events to other peg-interferon and ribavirin treatments. Higher SVR rates in HCV genotype 1- and 2-infected patients were achieved with 12-16 weeks of sofosbuvir plus other class DAAs with/without ribavirin and 12 weeks of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, respectively. For “difficult-to-treat” HCV-infected patients, more therapeutic options are needed. Further studies examining the efficacy and adverse effects of such therapies will be required for the development of additional treatments.
Structural changes of membrane-anchored native PrPC

Misfolding and subsequent aggregation of endogeneous proteins constitute essential steps in many human disorders, including Alzheimer and prion diseases. In most prion protein-folding studies, the posttranslational modifications, the lipid anchor in particular, were lacking. Here, we studied a fully posttranslationally modified cellular prion protein, carrying two N-glycosylations and the natural GPI anchor. We used time-resolved FTIR to study the prion protein secondary structure changes when binding to a raft-like lipid membrane via its GPI anchor. We observed that membrane anchoring above a threshold concentration induced refolding of the prion protein to intermolecular β-sheets. Such transition is not observed in solution and is membrane specific. Excessive membrane anchoring, analyzed with molecular sensitivity, is thought to be a crucial event in the development of prion diseases.
Disturbance observer based robust control for industrial robots with flexible joints

In this paper, a disturbance observer based control algorithm is proposed for industrial robots having flexible joints. The joint flexibility of the robot is modeled as a two mass system. We study on the practical issues for implementing disturbance observer based control scheme in flexible joint robots. For industrial robots, generally the sensors are located on the motor side. If we construct disturbance observer using motor side dynamics, due to the zero dynamics, disturbance observer cannot directly reject the disturbance at the link side. To solve this problem, we propose a dual observer that estimates disturbance and states simultaneously. Using the proposed dual observer, we construct full state feedback controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme for disturbance rejection and robustness is demonstrated by numerical simulation and experiment using HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation) system.
Reduced risk of disease during postsecondary dengue virus infections.

BACKGROUND Antibodies induced by infection with any 1 of 4 dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1-4) may influence the clinical outcome of subsequent heterologous infections. To quantify potential cross-protective effects, we estimated disease risk as a function of DENV infection, using data from longitudinal studies performed from September 2006 through February 2011 in Iquitos, Peru, during periods of DENV-3 and DENV-4 transmission. METHODS DENV infections before and during the study period were determined by analysis of serial serum samples with virus neutralization tests. Third and fourth infections were classified as postsecondary infections. Dengue fever cases were detected by door-to-door surveillance for acute febrile illness. RESULTS Among susceptible participants, 39% (420/1077) and 53% (1595/2997) seroconverted to DENV-3 and DENV-4, respectively. Disease was detected in 7% of DENV-3 infections and 10% of DENV-4 infections. Disease during postsecondary infections was reduced by 93% for DENV-3 and 64% for DENV-4, compared with primary and secondary infections. Despite lower disease rates, postsecondary infections constituted a significant proportion of apparent infections (14% [for DENV-3 infections], 45% [for DENV-4 infections]). CONCLUSIONS Preexisting heterotypic antibodies markedly reduced but did not eliminate the risk of disease in this study population. These results improve understanding of how preinfection history can be associated with dengue outcomes and DENV transmission dynamics.
Multi-directional solar tracker using low cost photo sensor matrix

A solar tracking system is designed for the orientation of different solar energy receivers, photovoltaic arrays or thermal receivers to maximize the operation of solar energy conversion. This paper deals with the design and implementation of a multi-directional solar tracking system dedicated to use with PV panels. The proposed solar tracking device ensures the maximization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity by properly orienting the PV panel in accordance with the real position of the sun. The dual axis solar tracker moves only in vertical direction with Y and Z-axis movement. It cannot move in horizontal direction with X-axis movement. Our proposed model can move in vertical position with Y-axis movement and in horizontal position with X-axis movement and also move at a point in Z-axis making combination of X and Y-axis movement. The gain of output power with the Multi-directional tracking system is higher when compared with a dual axis tracker. The performance of the proposed solar tracker was experimentally analyzed.