Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The unobserved power of context: Can context moderate the effect of expectations on educational achievement?

There is growing evidence that shows that social context is becoming less significant in influencing educational achievements and expectations. Additionally, evidence indicates that expectations are high across the board and becoming of declining significance to educational achievement. In light of this, we reexamine and offer an alternative to the renowned linear models connecting background variables to scholarly achievement via pupils' educational expectation. Analysis of GCSE scores, using three consecutive waves of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England, reveals that the verity of this classical claim is dependent on occupational class, ethnic origin, and school socio-economic status level. These results thus confirm an unrecognized effect of family and school background variables on achievement—not only to engender expectations but also to moderate their influence. This recognition expands and deepens understanding of inequality in educational achievement and social mobility by treating expectations as a resource and analytically distinguishing between the ability of a social group or a certain school to attain or create high expectations and their ability to capitalize on it and translate these into achievements. We find that in many cases, expectations still possess strong potential to transform into achievement, while in others they are high across the board and rather inconsequential.
Social cognition and face processing in schizophrenia

Summary Studies of face processing have begun to elucidate the brain regions involved in social cognition, which include frontal and temporal regions known to be reduced in volume in schizophrenia. In this case-control study participants with schizophrenia (n=20) showed marked deficits in their ability to interpret social cues from faces, and those experiencing positive symptoms were impaired in recognising even basic facial emotions.
Pose Estimation of Interacting People using Pictorial Structures

Pose estimation of people have had great progress in recentyears but so far research has dealt with single persons.In this paper we address some of the challenges that arisewhen doing pose estimation of interacting people. We buildon the pictorial structures framework and make importantcontributions by combining color-based appearance andedge information using a measure of the local quality ofthe appearance feature. In this way we not only combinethe two types of features but dynamically find the optimalweighting of them. We further enable the method to handleocclusions by searching a foreground mask for possibleoccluded body parts and then applying extra strong kinematicconstraints to find the true occluded body parts. Theeffect of applying our two contributions are show throughboth qualitative and quantitative tests and show a clear improvementon the ability to correctly localize body parts.
Evaluation of the QT effect of a combination of piperaquine and a novel anti-malarial drug candidate OZ439, for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria

Aims The aim was to investigate the QT effect of a single dose combination regimen of piperaquine phosphate (PQP) and a novel aromatic trioxolane, OZ439, for malaria treatment. Methods Exposure–response (ER) analysis was performed on data from a placebo-controlled, single dose, study with OZ439 and PQP. Fifty-nine healthy subjects aged 18 to 55 years received OZ439 alone or placebo in a first period, followed by OZ439 plus PQP or matching placebos in period 2. OZ439 and PQP doses ranged from 100–800 mg and 160–1440 mg, respectively. Twelve-lead ECG tracings and PK samples were collected serially pre- and post-dosing. Results A significant relation between plasma concentrations and placebo-corrected change from baseline QTcF (ΔΔQTcF) was demonstrated for piperaquine, but not for OZ439, with a mean slope of 0.047 ms per ng ml−1 (90% CI 0.038, 0.057). Using an ER model that accounts for plasma concentrations of both piperaquine and OZ439, a largest mean QTcF effect of 14 ms (90% CI 10, 18 ms) and 18 ms (90% CI 14, 22 ms) was predicted at expected plasma concentrations of a single dose 800 mg OZ439 combined with PQP 960 mg (188 ng ml−1) and 1440 mg (281 ng ml−1), respectively, administered in the fasted state. Conclusions Piperaquine prolongs the QTc interval in a concentration-dependent way. A single dose regimen combining 800 mg OZ439 with 960 mg or 1440 mg PQP is expected to result in lower peak piperaquine plasma concentrations compared with available 3 day PQP-artemisinin combinations and can therefore be predicted to cause less QTc prolongation.
The behavior of noise-resilient Boolean networks with diverse topologies

The dynamics of noise-resilient Boolean networks with majority functions and diverse topologies is investigated. A wide class of possible topological configurations is parametrized as a stochastic blockmodel. For this class of networks, the dynamics always undergoes a phase transition from a non-ergodic regime, where a memory of its past states is preserved, to an ergodic regime, where no such memory exists and every microstate is equally probable. Both the average error on the network and the critical value of noise where the transition occurs are investigated analytically, and compared to numerical simulations. The results for ‘partially dense’ networks, comprising relatively few, but dynamically important nodes, which have a number of inputs that greatly exceeds the average for the entire network, give very general upper bounds on the maximum resilience against noise attainable on globally sparse systems.
A study on Antitumor Effect of 1, 2, 4-Thiadiazole Derivatives in Liver and Breast Cancer Cell Lines Hep G2 by Using (HCS) Technique

Multi-parametric investigation of composite poisoning at the level of specific cells, by using cellular and pour cytometry showing constructed tactics for example high-content screening, play key roles to find the poisoning and arrangement of components deepened on notice forms reversible and irreversible cellular disadvantage. To probe the effect of 1,2,4-triazole derivative cultured cellular model (liver carcinoma cell line) using HCS, this work was achieved. By an induction of apoptosis, with cells then was tested by Annexing V spotting and cell decrease as demonstrated . The products indicated that the derivative lead in the disturbance of membrane mitochondrial potential (MMP), cell tissue perviousness, nuclear abbreviation, shatter and freedom for cytochrome c of the mitochondrial addicted on cytosol. This finding suggests that derivative is a potential liver carcinoma inhibitor matched to doxorubicin as affirmative control. Also the data indicated that 1,2,4-triazole derivative possibly will have therapeutic importance in liver cancer treatment which value more development. [DOI: 10.22401/JUNS.20. 4.05]
The Application of the Locally Linear Model Tree on Customer Churn Prediction

Acquiring new customers in any business is much more expensive than trying to keep the existing ones. Thus many prediction models are presented to detect churning customers. The objective of this paper was to improve the predictive accuracy and interpretability of churn detection. For this purpose, the application of the locally linear model tree (LOLIMOT) algorithm, which integrates the advantage of neural networks, tree model and fuzzy modeling, was experimented. Applied to the data of a major telecommunication company, the method is found to improve prediction accuracy significantly compared to other algorithms, such as artificial neural networks, decision trees, and logistic regression. The results also indicate that LOLIMOT can have accurate outcome in extremely unbalanced datasets.
Effort and Selection Effects of Incentive Contracts

We show that the improved effort of employees associated with incentive contracts depends on the properties of the performance measures used in the contract.We also find that the power of incentives in the contract is only indirectly related to any improved employee effort.High powered incentive increase the selection effect of the incentive contract and attract better employees to the firm.The selection effect of the incentive contract depends, in turn, on the (perceived) properties of the performance measures specified in the contract.These results hold after controlling for an array of incentive contract design characteristics and for differences in organizational context.Data is from a third party survey on compensation practices among Chief Executive Officers.Our estimation procedures address several known problems with using secondary datasets.
Towards Real-Time Markerless Tracking of Magic Lenses on Paper Maps

Recently, many applications have been proposed that focus on the combination of paper maps and mobile devices. Paper maps provide high-resolution, large-scale information with zero power consumption. Mobile devices offer dynamic, personalized, up-to-date content. The common feature of all these applications is that they use handheld devices as map-referenced mobile lenses that overlay geo-referenced information on top of the physical map. Despite their differences these applications all require additional infrastructure on the map, for example RFID tags or visual markers. In this paper we present a first approach of continuous real-time tracking of a camera-equipped mobile device relative to a map using visual structures already present in many maps.
Attributable Fractions of Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Japan. To reduce the threat of CVD, it is important to identify its major risk factors. The population attributable fraction (PAF) is calculated from the prevalence and relative risk of risk factors and can be used to estimate the burden of these factors with respect to CVD. We analyzed the findings from several prospective studies to determine the PAFs of CVD. Methods PAF was calculated as pd × (multiadjusted relative risk − 1)/multiadjusted relative risk, where pd is the proportion of patients exposed to that risk factor category, according to data from the Ohsaki Cohort Study, EPOCH-JAPAN, NIPPON DATA80, Miyagi Cohort Study, CARDIA Study, and ARIC Study. Results Nonoptimal blood pressure explained 47% and 26% of CVD mortality in middle-aged and elderly Japanese, respectively. Cigarette smoking explained 34% of all-cause mortality in middle-aged men. The combination of hypertension and cigarette smoking explained 57% and 44% of CVD mortality in younger men and women, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of at least 1 nonoptimal risk factor explained most CVD deaths and all-cause deaths. Conclusions Established CVD risk factors, especially high blood pressure and cigarette smoking, explained a large proportion of CVD mortality and all-cause mortality. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of these conventional risk factors are required to reduce mortality risk.
Performance analysis of a hybrid MPI/CUDA implementation of the NASLU benchmark

We present the performance analysis of a port of the LU benchmark from the NAS Parallel Benchmark (NPB) suite to NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), and report on the optimisation efforts employed to take advantage of this platform. Execution times are reported for several different GPUs, ranging from low-end consumergrade products to high-end HPC-grade devices, including the Tesla C2050 built on NVIDIA's Fermi processor. We also utilise recently developed performance models of LU to facilitate a comparison between future large-scale distributed clusters of GPU devices and existing clusters built on traditional CPU architectures, including a quad-socket, quad-core AMD Opteron cluster and an IBM BlueGene/P.
Combining Visual and Acoustic Features for Music Genre Classification

Music genre classification is a challenging task in the field of music information retrieval. Existing approaches usually attempt to extract features only from acoustic aspect. However, spectrogram also provides useful information because it describes the temporal change of energy distribution over frequency bins. In this paper, we propose the use of Gabor filters to generate effective visual features that can capture the characteristics of a spectrogram¡¦s texture patterns. On the other hand, acoustic features are extracted using universal background model and maximum a posteriori adaptation. Based on these two types of features, we then employ SVM to perform the final classification task. Experimental results demonstrate that combining visual and acoustic features can achieve satisfactory classification accuracy on two widely used datasets.
Reforming time in Danish schools

Abstract The article analyses the performative effects of a working time law for Danish State School teachers. The law implied a shift from paying teachers WITH time to paying them FOR time in line with OEDC’s shift from an input- to an outcome-oriented understanding of public sector performance. The law is thus seen as part of a globalized reform of education in neoliberal direction, and the implications are analyzed by drawing on psychoanalytically inspired theories as well as anthropological theories of ritualization, investigation the implication of this shift.
The Cholesterol Metabolite 25-Hydroxycholesterol Activates Estrogen Receptor α-Mediated Signaling in Cancer Cells and in Cardiomyocytes

Background The hydroxylated derivatives of cholesterol, such as the oxysterols, play important roles in lipid metabolism. In particular, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) has been implicated in a variety of metabolic events including cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis. 25HC is detectable in human plasma after ingestion of a meal rich in oxysterols and following a dietary cholesterol challenge. In addition, the levels of oxysterols, including 25HC, have been found to be elevated in hypercholesterolemic serum. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we demonstrate that the estrogen receptor (ER) α mediates gene expression changes and growth responses induced by 25HC in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, 25HC exhibits the ERα-dependent ability like 17β-estradiol (E2) to inhibit the up-regulation of HIF-1α and connective tissue growth factor by hypoxic conditions in cardiomyocytes and rat heart preparations and to prevent the hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance The estrogen action exerted by 25HC may be considered as an additional factor involved in the progression of breast and ovarian tumors. Moreover, the estrogen-like activity of 25HC elicited in the cardiovascular system may play a role against hypoxic environments.
Value-at-Risk vs. Conditional Value-at-Risk in Risk Management and Optimization

From the mathematical perspective considered in this tutorial, risk management is a procedure for shaping a risk distribution. Popular functions managing risk are valueat-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). The problem of choice between VaR and CVaR, especially in financial risk management, has been quite popular in academic literature. Reasons affecting the choice between VaR and CVaR are based on the differences in mathematical properties, stability of statistical estimation, simplicity of optimization procedures, acceptance by regulators, etc. This tutorial presents our personal experience working with these key percentile risk measures. We try to explain strong and weak features of these risk measures and illustrate them with several examples. We demonstrate risk management/optimization case studies conducted with the Portfolio Safeguard package.
Transfer RNAs of potato (Solanum tuberosum) mitochondria have different genetic origins

Total transfer RNAs were extracted from highly purified potato mitochondria. From quantitative measurements, the in vivo tRNA concentration in mitochondria was estimated to be in the range of 60 microM. Total potato mitochondrial tRNAs were fractionated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thirty one individual tRNAs, which could read all sense codons, were identified by aminoacylation, sequencing or hybridization to specific oligonucleotides. The tRNA population that we have characterized comprises 15 typically mitochondrial, 5 'chloroplast-like' and 11 nuclear-encoded species. One tRNA(Ala), 2 tRNAs(Arg), 1 tRNA(Ile), 5 tRNAs(Leu) and 2 tRNAs(Thr) were shown to be coded for by nuclear DNA. A second, mitochondrial-encoded, tRNA(Ile) was also found. Five 'chloroplast-like' tRNAs, tRNA(Trp), tRNA(Asn), tRNA(His), tRNA(Ser)(GGA) and tRNA(Met)m, presumably transcribed from promiscuous chloroplast DNA sequences inserted in the mitochondrial genome, were identified, but, in contrast to wheat (1), potato mitochondria do not seem to contain 'chloroplast-like' tRNA(Cys) and tRNA(Phe). The two identified tRNAs(Val), as well as the tRNA(Gly), were found to be coded for by the mitochondrial genome, which again contrasts with the situation in wheat, where the mitochondrial genome apparently contains no tRNA(Val) or tRNA(Gly) gene (2).
Genetic Traceability of Black Pig Meats Using Microsatellite Markers

Pork from Jeju black pig (population J) and Berkshire (population B) has a unique market share in Korea because of their high meat quality. Due to the high demand of this pork, traceability of the pork to its origin is becoming an important part of the consumer demand. To examine the feasibility of such a system, we aim to provide basic genetic information of the two black pig populations and assess the possibility of genetically distinguishing between the two breeds. Muscle samples were collected from slaughter houses in Jeju Island and Namwon, Chonbuk province, Korea, for populations J and B, respectively. In total 800 Jeju black pigs and 351 Berkshires were genotyped at thirteen microsatellite (MS) markers. Analyses on the genetic diversity of the two populations were carried out in the programs MS toolkit and FSTAT. The population structure of the two breeds was determined by a Bayesian clustering method implemented in structure and by a phylogenetic analysis in Phylip. Population J exhibited higher mean number of alleles, expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity value, and polymorphism information content, compared to population B. The FIS values of population J and population B were 0.03 and −0.005, respectively, indicating that little or no inbreeding has occurred. In addition, genetic structure analysis revealed the possibility of gene flow from population B to population J. The expected probability of identify value of the 13 MS markers was 9.87×10−14 in population J, 3.17×10−9 in population B, and 1.03×10−12 in the two populations. The results of this study are useful in distinguishing between the two black pig breeds and can be used as a foundation for further development of DNA markers.
Entailment for Speciication Reenement

Speci cation re nement is part of formal program derivation a method by which software is directly constructed from a provably correct speci cation Because program derivation is an intensive manual exercise used for critical software systems an automated approach would allow it to be viable for many other types of software systems The goal of this research is to de termine if genetic programming GP can be used to automate the speci cation re ne ment process The initial steps toward this goal are to show that a well known proof lo gic for program derivation can be encoded such that a GP based system can infer sen tences in the logic for proof of a particular sentence The results are promising and in dicate that GP can be useful in aiding pro gram derivation
Beyond Standard Benchmarks: Parameterizing Performance Evaluation in Visual Object Tracking

Object-to-camera motion produces a variety of apparent motion patterns that significantly affect performance of short-term visual trackers. Despite being crucial for designing robust trackers, their influence is poorly explored in standard benchmarks due to weakly defined, biased and overlapping attribute annotations. In this paper we propose to go beyond pre-recorded benchmarks with post-hoc annotations by presenting an approach that utilizes omnidirectional videos to generate realistic, consistently annotated, short-term tracking scenarios with exactly parameterized motion patterns. We have created an evaluation system, constructed a fully annotated dataset of omnidirectional videos and generators for typical motion patterns. We provide an in-depth analysis of major tracking paradigms which is complementary to the standard benchmarks and confirms the expressiveness of our evaluation approach.
Limits from the Hubble Space Telescope on a Point Source in SN 1987A

We observed supernova 1987A (SN 1987A) with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in 1999 September and again with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the HST in 2003 November. Our spectral observations cover ultraviolet (UV) and optical wavelengths from 1140 to 10266 Å, and our imaging observations cover UV and optical wavelengths from 2900 to 9650 Å. No point source is observed in the remnant. We obtain a limiting flux of Fopt ≤ 1.6 × 10-14 ergs s-1 cm-2 in the wavelength range 2900-9650 Å for any continuum emitter at the center of the supernova remnant (SNR). This corresponds to an intrinsic luminosity of Lopt ≤ 5 × 1033 ergs s-1. It is likely that the SNR contains opaque dust that absorbs UV and optical emission, resulting in an attenuation of ~35% due to dust absorption in the SNR. Correcting for this level of dust absorption would increase our upper limit on the luminosity of a continuum source by a factor of 1.54. Taking into account dust absorption in the remnant, we find a limit of Lopt ≤ 8 × 1033 ergs s-1. We compare this upper bound with empirical evidence from point sources in other supernova remnants and with theoretical models for possible compact sources. We show that any survivor of a possible binary system must be no more luminous than an F6 main-sequence star. Bright young pulsars such as Kes 75 or the Crab pulsar are excluded by optical and X-ray limits on SN 1987A. Other nonplerionic X-ray point sources have luminosities similar to the limits on a point source in SN 1987A; RCW 103 and Cas A are slightly brighter than the limits on SN 1987A, while Pup A is slightly fainter. Of the young pulsars known to be associated with SNRs, those with ages ≤5000 yr are all too bright in X-rays to be compatible with the limits on SN 1987A. Examining theoretical models for accretion onto a compact object, we find that spherical accretion onto a neutron star is firmly ruled out and that spherical accretion onto a black hole is possible only if there is a larger amount of dust absorption in the remnant than predicted. In the case of thin-disk accretion, our flux limit requires a small disk, no larger than 1010 cm, with an accretion rate no more than 0.3 times the Eddington accretion rate. Possible ways to hide a surviving compact object include the removal of all surrounding material at early times by a photon-driven wind, a small accretion disk, or very high levels of dust absorption in the remnant. It will not be easy to improve substantially on our optical-UV limit for a point source in SN 1987A, although we can hope that a better understanding of the thermal infrared emission will provide a more complete picture of the possible energy sources at the center of SN 1987A.