Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grounding Agent Sociality: The Social World is its Own Best Model

The paper discusses empathy and autism and points towards empathic resonance and biographic reconstruction as mechanisms which are grounding sociality in real-world interactions. I argue that instead of modelling sociality, e.g. by representing and manipulating computational concepts of oneself and others, sociality can be experienced by the very act of being physically involved in a social situation, i.e. a situation which provides the context, meaning, sensory feedback , and thèright' perspective in which social interactions can potentially emerge. Opposed to a `behaviourist' level of modelling, social grounding is described as linking internal dynamics within the agent to external (perceived) dynamics of the social environment. I extend the concept of`the world is its own best model', a central aspect in the paradigm of behaviour-oriented AI, to the social domain. This refers primarily to human sociality. However, at the end of the paper I speculate on the potential implications for artiicial social systems.
The Effect of Gender and Culture on Loneliness: A Mini Review

Loneliness is an experience determined by a person’s characteristics, her situational variables, gender, and background. This review article describes the myriad of studies, with sometimes contradictory results about the relation of loneliness to gender [with women commonly expressing, though not necessarily experiencing, greater loneliness], and the relation between loneliness and collectivistic and individualistic culture.
Finding the Optimal Fantasy Football Team

Fantasy football, just like the game of football itself, as grown from a benign neighborhood pastime into an immensely profitable corporate industry. Over the past decade, the number of individuals who play in a fantasy football league has grown by 450% to a total of 56.8 million people. Through their purchase of website memberships, league entrance fees, and draft ‘cheat sheets,’ fantasy football has become a $27 billion dollar market. To put this into perspective, the average valuation of an NFL team is a mere $1.97 billion (while the team with the highest net worth is the Dallas Cowboys, at ‘just’ $4 billion).
“Attention, please” to situation: Replies to commentaries by Uleman, Matsumoto, Hamamura and Takemura, and Vignoles

Takano and Osaka (2018) tested the validity of the common view that Japanese are more collectivistic than Americans by reviewing empirical studies published mainly during recent two decades, and found that this common view was not supported by most of the reviewed studies. All the four commentaries on this review of ours shared with us the basic judgment that the common view is untenable. In this reply, we present arguments to resolve some doubts cast on our review, and then argue that situation is a key concept to investigate critical issues related to individualism and collectivism such as their dimensionality and distinction between societal level and individual level cultural difference.
Bridging the Gap between Technology and Users: Leveraging Machine

While one of the oldest pursuits in computational linguistics (see Bar-Hillel, 1951), machine translation (MT) remains an unsolved problem. While current research has progressed a great deal, technology transfer to end users is limited. In this demo, we present a visualization tool for manipulating foreign language data. Using software developed for the exploration and understanding of large amounts of text data, IN-SPIRE (Hetzler & Turner 2004), we have developed a novel approach to mining and triaging large amounts of foreign language texts. By clustering documents in their native language and only using translations in the data triage phase, our system avoids the major pit-falls that plague modern machine translation. More generally, the visualization environment we have developed allows users to take advantage of current NLP technologies, including MT. We will demonstrate use of this tool to triage a corpus of foreign text.
Rootkits and Malicious Code Injection

Rootkits are considered by many to be one of the most stealthy computer malware (malicious software) and pose significant threats. Hiding their presence and activities impose hijacking the control flow by altering data structures, or by using hooks in the kernel. As this can be achieved by loadable kernel code sections, this paper tries to explain common entry points into a Linux kernel and how to keep a persistent access to a compromised machine.
Driver Status Monitoring Systems for Smart Vehicles Using Physiological Sensors: A safety enhancement system from automobile manufacturers

Automobiles provide a convenient form of transportation, and the number of automobiles in the world has been increasing rapidly, from 193 million in 1970 to more than 796 million in recent years [1]. However, automobiles have created a number of serious problems, such as accidents, traffic congestion, and air pollution, among which traffic accidents are one of the most serious and urgent problems threatening the safety of automobile users.
Early‐onset absence epilepsy caused by mutations in the glucose transporter GLUT1

Absence epilepsies of childhood are heterogeneous with most cases following complex inheritance. Those cases with onset before 4 years of age represent a poorly studied subset. We screened 34 patients with early‐onset absence epilepsy for mutations in SLC2A1, the gene encoding the GLUT1 glucose transporter. Mutations leading to reduced protein function were found in 12% (4/34) of patients. Two mutations arose de novo, and two were familial. These findings suggest GLUT1 deficiency underlies a significant proportion of early‐onset absence epilepsy, which has both genetic counseling and treatment implications because the ketogenic diet is effective in GLUT1 deficiency. Ann Neurol 2009;66:415–419
Advances in aPDT based on the combination of a porphyrinic formulation with potassium iodide: Effectiveness on bacteria and fungi planktonic/biofilm forms and viruses

The increasing world-wide rate of antibiotic resistance as well as the capacity of microorganisms to form biofilms, have led to a higher incidence of mortal infections that require alternative methods for their control. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerged as an effective solution against resistant strains. The present work aims to evaluate the aPDT efficiency of a photosensitizer (PS) based on a low-cost formulation constituted by five cationic porphyrins (FORM) and its potentiation effect by KI on a broad spectrum of microorganisms under white light (380–700 nm, 25 W/m[Formula: see text]. The aPDT assays were performed with different concentrations of FORM (0.1 to 5.0 [Formula: see text]M) and 100 mM of KI on planktonic and biofilm forms of gram-positive (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus–MRSA) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin) bacteria, of the fungi Candida albicans and on a T4-like bacteriophage as a mammalian virus model. The results indicate that the FORM alone is an efficient PS to photoinactivate not only gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but also C. albicans, in planktonic and biofilm forms, and T4-like phage at low concentrations (<5.0 [Formula: see text]M). The presence of KI enhanced the photodynamic effect of this FORM for all microorganisms on the planktonic form, allowing the reduction of PS concentration and treatment time. The results also show that the combination FORM/KI is highly efficient in the elimination of already well-established biofilms of E. coli,S. aureus and C. albicans. This effect is probably associated with longer-lived iodine reactive species produced during the aPDT treatment.
Gaze Control for Goal-Oriented Humanoid Walking

In this article a predictive task-dependent gaze control strategy for goal-oriented humanoid walking is presented. In the context of active vision systems we introduce an information theoretical approach for maximization of visual information. Based on two novel concepts, Information Content of a view situation and Incertitude, we present a method for selecting optimal subsequent view directions, thus contributing to an improved performance in typical semi-autonomous robot locomotion tasks. Simulations and experimental results dealing with the duality of concurrent tasks during locomotion, i.e. obstacle avoidance and self localization, demonstrate the applicability of our approach on humanoid walking machines.
Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Eosinophilic and Neutrophilic Airway Inflammation in Asthma

Asthma is a phenotypically heterogeneous chronic disease of the airways, characterized by either predominant eosinophilic or neutrophilic, or even mixed eosinophilic/neutrophilic inflammatory patterns. Eosinophilic inflammation can be associated with the whole spectrum of asthma severity, ranging from mild-to-moderate to severe uncontrolled disease, whereas neutrophilic inflammation occurs mostly in more severe asthma. Eosinophilic asthma includes either allergic or nonallergic phenotypes underlying immune responses mediated by T helper (Th)2 cell-derived cytokines, whilst neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent on Th17 cell-induced mechanisms. These immune-inflammatory profiles develop as a consequence of a functional impairment of T regulatory (Treg) lymphocytes, which promotes the activation of dendritic cells directing the differentiation of distinct Th cell subsets. The recent advances in the knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying asthmatic inflammation are contributing to the identification of novel therapeutic targets, potentially suitable for the implementation of future improvements in antiasthma pharmacologic treatments.
Privacy Preserving for Feature Selection in Data Mining Using Centralized Network

This paper proposed a feature selection with privacy preservation in centralized network. Data can be preserved for privacy by perturbation technique as alias name. In centralized data evaluation, it makes data classification and feature selection for data mining decision model which make the structural information of model in this paper. The application of gain ratio technique for better performance of feature selection has taken to perform the centralized computational task. All features don‟t need to preserve the privacy for confidential data for best model. The chi-square testing has taken for the classification of data by centralized data mining model using own processing unit. The alias data model for privacy preserving data mining has taken to develop the data mining technique to make best model without violating the privacy individuals. The proposed process of data miner task has made best feature selection and two type experimental tests have taken in this paper.
Optimum Selection of PSO Parameters for Automated Test Data Generation of Software Programs

The proposed research work implemented and fine-tuned meta-heuristic based search algorithms namely PSO algorithm for automatic test case generation using path testing criterion. The three parameters namely size of population (NIND), inertia weight (W), social learning rate (C1), and cognitive learning rate (C2) have been chosen for setting PSO algorithm for test data generation. For input generation, symbolic execution method has been used in which first, target path is selected from Control Flow Graph (CFG) of Software under Test (SUT) and then inputs are generated using search algorithms which can evaluate composite predicate corresponding to the target path true. We have experimented on two real world programs showing the applicability of these techniques in genuine testing environment. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB programming environment. The performance of the algorithms is measured using average test cases generated per path (ATCPP) and average percentage coverage (APC) metrics.
Effect of Physician-Delivered Patient Education on the Quality of Bowel Preparation for Screening Colonoscopy

Background. Inadequate bowel preparation is common in outpatients undergoing screening colonoscopy because of unawareness and poor adherence to instruction. Methods. Herein, 105 consecutive outpatients referred for screening colonoscopy were enrolled in this prospective, colonoscopist-blinded study. The patients were assigned to an intensive-education group, with 10 minutes of physician-delivered education, or to standard care. At the time of colonoscopy, the quality of bowel preparation was assessed using the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS). The primary outcome was a BBPS score ≥5. The secondary outcomes were the mean BBPS score, insertion time, adenoma detection rate, and number of adenomas detected. Results. We analyzed 39 patients who received intensive education and 60 controls. The percentage of adequate bowel preparations with a BBPS score ≥5 was higher in the intensive-education group than in the control group (97.4% versus 80.0%; P = 0.01). The adjusted odds ratio for having a BBPS score ≥5 in the intensive-education group was 10.2 (95% confidence interval = 1.23–84.3; P = 0.03). Other secondary outcomes were similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions. Physician-delivered education consisting of a brief counseling session in addition to written instructions improves the quality of bowel preparation in outpatients undergoing screening colonoscopy.
Prototype of a haptic display for the evaluation of sensible haptic feedback in remote palpation

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery generally forbids an important diagnostic tool in medicine: palpation. There are various approaches to re-establish the haptic feedback for the surgeon, including tactile displays and haptic input devices. We present a novel haptic display that features seven pins mounted on compression springs that can be pre-loaded with servo motors. The pins have a stroke of 10mm with a maximum counterforce of 7N altogether. An additional force of 0.7N per pin can be applied with the motors. This technique allows for simultaneous stimulation of kinesthetic as well as tactile perception. Prior to development and construction, measurements with a haptic phantom (a silicone body with wooden balls included) were carried out in order to determine the parameters for the device. The measurements with the functional prototype show good reproducibility. Generally, the device works as intended and, where it does not, we could identify the sources of errors. The optimizations will flow into the construction of the complete setup. With the seven-pin setup we aim to reproduce the force profiles found in the phantom measurements and further examine the sensible simulation of tumorous soft tissue.
Ontology Design Pattern Language Expressivity Requirements

In recent years there has been a large amount of research into capturing, publishing and analysing Ontology Design Patterns (ODPs). However, there has not been any analysis into the typical language expressivity required to represent ODPs and how these requirements sit with lightweight fragments of the widely used ontology language OWL. In this paper we therefore present a survey on the language expressivity required to express the ODPs contained in the two main ODP catalogs: ODP.org and ODPS.sf. net. We surveyed a total of 104 machine processable ODPs and found that the OWL representations of these patterns typically require highly expressive fragments of the OWL language such as ALCHIN, SHOIN, SHOIQ and SROIQ. We observed that most ODPs required the use of inverse properties, cardinality restrictions and universal restrictions, and that 10 patterns require OWL 2 constructs such as property chains, disjoint properties and qualified cardinality restrictions that are not available in OWL 1. Moreover, we found that most of the ODPs cannot be incorporated into ontologies that are constrained to fit into one of the OWL 2 profiles. Specifically, only 12 out of the 104 ODPs surveyed can be represented in OWL2EL, 13 in OWL2RL and 23 in OWL2QL. Despite this, we conjecture that it may be possible to rewrite and weaken some of them so that modellers using lightweight fragments of OWL can incorporate ODPs into their ontologies.
Genome-wide transcriptional profiles are consistent with functional specialization of the extraocular muscle layers.

PURPOSE Compartmentalization of the extraocular muscles into well-defined orbital and global layers is highly conserved. Recently, the active pulley hypothesis correlated the anatomic properties of orbital-global muscle layers with layer-specific division of labor. Microarray technology was used to identify muscle-layer-specific transcriptional profiles and, thereby, extend understanding of the structure-function characteristics of extraocular muscle layers. METHODS Laser capture microdissection was used to obtain muscle layer samples from monkey medial rectus muscles. RNA was linearly amplified and hybridized to human U133 series microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA), which have sufficient sequence homology for use in subhuman primates. Data was analyzed using Affymetrix and Robust Multichip Average (RMA) algorithms. Select transcripts were verified by quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization. RESULTS A broad spectrum of transcriptional differences (> 181 transcripts) was identified between the two extraocular muscle layers. Patterned differences in the sarcomeric contractile machinery and cytoskeleton were suggestive of key layer differences in contraction speed. Differentially expressed transcript identities, however, extended well beyond those traditionally associated with muscle-fiber-group differences. CONCLUSIONS Muscle layer transcriptional profiles correlated with the different loads and usage patterns of extraocular muscle layers, as proposed in the active pulley hypothesis. The magnitude and breadth of orbital-global layer expression differences strongly suggests that oculomotor control systems may drive two distinct motor output pathways, each comprising separate motoneurons and muscle fibers, with one output path adapted to determining pulley position and the other to movement of the eye.
Modeling and control of cooperative teleoperation systems

This paper presents a multilateral control architecture for teleoperation in multimaster/multislave environments. The proposed framework incorporates flow of position and force information between all master and slave robots, rather than merely between corresponding units. Within this architecture, cooperative performance measures are defined to enhance coordination among the operators and the robots for achieving the task objectives. A /spl mu/-synthesis-based methodology for cooperative teleoperation control is also introduced. This approach guarantees robust stability of cooperative teleoperation in the presence of dynamic interaction between slave robots, as well as unknown passive operators and environment dynamics. It also improves task coordination by optimizing relevant performance objectives. Experiments carried out with a two-master/two-slave single-axis system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
JIGSAW: integration of multiple sources of evidence for gene prediction

MOTIVATION Computational gene finding systems play an important role in finding new human genes, although no systems are yet accurate enough to predict all or even most protein-coding regions perfectly. Ab initio programs can be augmented by evidence such as expression data or protein sequence homology, which improves their performance. The amount of such evidence continues to grow, but computational methods continue to have difficulty predicting genes when the evidence is conflicting or incomplete. Genome annotation pipelines collect a variety of types of evidence about gene structure and synthesize the results, which can then be refined further through manual, expert curation of gene models. RESULTS JIGSAW is a new gene finding system designed to automate the process of predicting gene structure from multiple sources of evidence, with results that often match the performance of human curators. JIGSAW computes the relative weight of different lines of evidence using statistics generated from a training set, and then combines the evidence using dynamic programming. Our results show that JIGSAW's performance is superior to ab initio gene finding methods and to other pipelines such as Ensembl. Even without evidence from alignment to known genes, JIGSAW can substantially improve gene prediction accuracy as compared with existing methods. AVAILABILITY JIGSAW is available as an open source software package at http://cbcb.umd. edu/software/jigsaw.
Interest Groups' Influence over Drug Pricing Policy Reform in South Korea

In 1999, the Korean government made a drug pricing policy reform to improve the efficiency and transparency of the drug distribution system. Yet, its policy formation process was far from being rational. Facing harsh resistance from various interest groups, the government changed its details into something different from what was initially investigated and planned. So far, little evidence supports any improvement in Korea's drug distribution system. Instead, the new drug pricing policy has deteriorated Korea's national health insurance budget, indicating a heavier economic burden for the general public. From Korea's experience, we may draw some lessons for the future development of a better health care system. As a society becomes more pluralistic, the government should come out of authoritarianism and thoroughly prepare in advance for resistance to reform, by making greater efforts to persuade strong interest groups while informing the general public of potential benefits of the reform. Additionally, facing developing civic groups, the government should listen but not rely too much on them at the final stage of the policy formation. Many of the civic groups lack expertise to evaluate the details of policy and tend to act in a somewhat emotional way.
Forest Inventory with Terrestrial LiDAR: A Comparison of Static and Hand-Held Mobile Laser Scanning

The application of static terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories is becoming more effective. Nevertheless, the occlusion effect is still limiting the processing efficiency to extract forest attributes. The use of a mobile laser scanner (MLS) would reduce this occlusion. In this study, we assessed and compared a hand-held mobile laser scanner (HMLS) with two TLS approaches (single scan: SS, and multi scan: MS) for the estimation of several forest parameters in a wide range of forest types and structures. We found that SS is competitive to extract the ground surface of forest plots, while MS gives the best result to describe the upper part of the canopy. The whole cross-section at 1.3 m height is scanned for 91% of the trees (DBH > 10 cm) with the HMLS leading to the best results for DBH estimates (bias of 0.08 cm and RMSE of 1.11 cm), compared to no fully-scanned trees for SS and 42% fully-scanned trees for MS. Irregularities, such as bark roughness and non-circular cross-section may explain the negative bias encountered for all of the scanning approaches. The success of using MLS in forests will allow for 3D structure acquisition on a larger scale and in a time-efficient manner.