Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clustered language models based on regular expressions for SMT

In this paper, we present a language model based on clusters obtained by applying regular expressions to the training data and, thus, discriminating several different sentence types as, e.g. interrog- atives, imperatives or enumerations. The main motivation lies in the observation that different sentence types also underlie a different syntactic structure, and thus yield a varying distribution of n-grams reflect- ing their word order. We show that this assumption is valid by applying the models to English-Spanish bilingual corpora and obtaining good perplexity reductions of approximately 25%. In addition, we per- form an n-best rescoring experiment and show a relative improvement of 4-5% in word error rate. The models can be easily adapted to other translation tasks and do not need complicated training methods, thus being a valuable alternative for on-demand rescoring of sentence hypotheses such as they occur in the CAT framework.
Using Antenna Array in Multipath Environment for Wireless Sensor Positioning

The rapid growth in demand for location based service has encouraged research into the performance improvement for wireless sensor positioning systems. Most of proposed localization techniques for wireless sensor networks rely on multilateration or cooperative localization. In this paper, we propose a novel approach in the context of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication technique to determine the position of sensor nodes. MIMO communication systems use antenna array in both source and receive nodes to exploit the spatial properties of the multipath channel, thereby offering more information for sensor positioning. Based on estimated multipath signal parameters such as angle-of-arrival, angle-of-departure and delay-of-arrival through adaptive array signal processing techniques, the proposed approach try to minimize the errors occurring from the estimation of multipath signal parameters and gives an optimal estimation of the position of the neighbor sensor node by simultaneously resolving a set of nonlinear location equations. Computer simulations show that the position of sensor node can be determined using only one other sensor node. The mean-square errors are measured and compared with the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
A method for co-evolving morphology and walking pattern of biped humanoid robot

We present a method for co-evolving structures and a controller of biped walking robots. Currently, biped walking humanoid robots are designed manually on trial-and-error basis. Although a certain control theory exists, such as zero moment point compensation, these theories assume humanoid robot morphology is given in advance. Thus, engineers have to design a control program for a priori designed morphology. It is very time consuming if both morphology and locomotion are considered simultaneously. Therefore, a method useful for designing the robot is proposed. First, simple models for both morphology and controller are used for the dynamic simulation, which are multi-link models as morphology and two kinds of controllers. One is a layered neural network and the other is a neural oscillator. Robots with optimal energy efficiency of walking are designed with the genetic algorithm. As a result, various combinations of morphologies and gaits are generated, and the relationship between the length of each link and moving distance is obtained, which gives an optimal energy efficiency. Moreover, the robots are encoded from the limited size of chromosomes.
Cortical Afterdischarge and Functional Response Thresholds: Results of Extraoperative Testing

Summary: We have evaluated the afterdischarge thresholds and functional response thresholds in 21 patients with chronically implanted arrays of subdural electrodes. Afterdischarge thresholds varied from 2 to > 15 mA over the tested cortex, by as much as 12 mA in individual patients, and by as much as 12 mA between adjacent electrodes. Thresholds for functional alteration varied from 2 to 15 mA in tested cortex, by as much as 9.5 mA in individually tested patients, and by as much as 6.5 mA between adjacent electrodes. We conclude that the optimal localization of functional cortical areas requires different stimulation intensities at different points. The use of too high an intensity would produce afterdischarges at some positions. The use of too low an intensity would falsely make others appear functionally “silent. ”
Large Scale Parameters and Double-Directional Characterization of Indoor Wideband Radio Multipath Channels at 11 GHz

This paper presents the large scale parameters of wideband multipath channels based on extensive measurement campaigns in various indoor environments. The measurements were conducted with a wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel sounder having a bandwidth of 400 MHz at 11 GHz which is a challenging frequency for future mobile systems. In particular, polarization characteristics of path-loss, shadowing, cross-polarization power ratio (XPR), delay spread and coherence bandwidth are characterized. The measurement results show that the path-loss exponents range between 2.0 and 3.0 for none-line-of-sight (NLoS), 0.36 and 1.5 for LoS, respectively. Vertically and horizontally polarized transmissions have almost same path-gain, but in some corridor-room NLoS environments, the path-loss for HH is significantly large. In most cases, the RMS delay spreads are less than 20 and 50 ns for NLoS and LoS, respectively, and the average coherence bandwidth is less than 30 MHz. The Rician K-factors range between 2 and 3 dB for cross-polarization, and in large Hall environments, those for co-polarization are greater than 6.0 dB with 10% probability. Finally, some dominant propagation mechanism and site-specific behaviors are illustrated using the double-directional measurement results.
Empirical bayes formulation of the elastic net and mixed-norm models: application to the eeg inverse problem

The estimation of EEG generating sources constitutes an Inverse Problem (IP) in Neuroscience. This is an ill-posed problem, due to the non-uniqueness of the solution, and many kinds of prior information have been used to constrain it. A combination of smoothness (L2 norm-based) and sparseness (L1 norm-based) constraints is a flexible approach that have been pursued by important examples such as the Elastic Net (ENET) and mixed-norm (MXN) models. The former is used to find solutions with a small number of smooth non-zero patches, while the latter imposes sparseness and smoothness simultaneously along different dimensions of the spatio-temporal matrix solutions. Both models have been addressed within the penalized regression approach, where the regularization parameters are selected heuristically, leading usually to non-optimal solutions. The existing Bayesian formulation of ENET allows hyperparameter learning, but using computationally intensive Monte Carlo/Expectation Maximization methods. In this work we attempt to solve the EEG IP using a Bayesian framework for models based on mixtures of L1/L2 norms penalization functions (Laplace/Normal priors) such as ENET and MXN. We propose a Sparse Bayesian Learning algorithm based on combining the Empirical Bayes and the iterative coordinate descent procedures to estimate both the parameters and hyperparameters. Using simple but realistic simulations we found that our methods are able to recover complicated source setups more accurately and with a more robust variable selection than the ENET and LASSO solutions using classical algorithms. We also solve the EEG IP using data coming from a visual attention experiment, finding more interpretable neurophysiological patterns with our methods, as compared with other known methods such as LORETA, ENET and LASSO FUSION using the classical regularization approach.
Biocultural Predictors of Motor Coordination Among Prepubertal Boys and Girls

This study aimed to predict motor coordination from a matrix of biocultural factors for 173 children (89 boys, 84 girls) aged 7–9 years who were assessed with the Körperkoordinationtest für Kinder test battery. Socioeconomic variables included built environment, area of residence, mother’s educational level, and mother’s physical activity level (using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [short version]). The behavioral domain was marked by participation in organized sports and habitual physical activity measured by accelerometers (ActiGraph GT1M). Indicators of biological development included somatic maturation and body mass index. Among males, the best logistic regression model to explain motor coordination (Nagelkerke R2 = 50.8; χ2 = 41.166; p < .001) emerged from age-group (odds ratio [OR]: 0.007–0.065), late maturation (OR = 0.174), normal body weight status (OR = 0.116), mother’s educational level (OR = 0.129), and urban area of residence (OR = 0.236). Among girls, the best logistic regression to explain motor coordination (Nagelkerke R2 = 40.8; χ2 = 29.933; p < .01) derived from age (OR: 0.091–0.384), normal body mass index (OR = 0.142), participation in organized sport (OR = 0.121), and mother’s physical activity level (OR = 0.183). This sex-specific, ecological approach to motor coordination proficiency may help promote physical activity during prepubertal years through familiar determinants.
A cycle-accurate synthesizable MIPS simulator in Simulink

We introduce a novel methodology for creating a synthesizable, cycle-accurate simulator of the MIPS32 processor with concise, high-level programming expressions using Simulink and other matlab tools. The simulator, named SimuMIPS, is capable of running binaries generated by the GNU gcc compiler and associated binutils. It can be easily configured, modified and extended not only for academic instruction but also to be included in commercial SOC products. Synthesizable instantiations of SimuMIPS in Verilog and VHDL may be generated by Simulink HDL Coder for FPGA programming and system-on-chip prototyping. In addition, the SimuMIPS simulator can run on embedded processors, rapid prototyping boards, and off-the-shelf microprocessors via the Embedded Coder generated C and C++ implementations.
Good city form

With the publication of The Image of the City in 1959, Kevin Lynch embarked upon the process of exploring city form. Good City Form is both a summation and an extension of his vision, a high point from which he views cities past and possible. First published in hardcover under the title A Theory of Good City Form.
Identification of bitmap compression history: JPEG detection and quantizer estimation

Sometimes image processing units inherit images in raster bitmap format only, so that processing is to be carried without knowledge of past operations that may compromise image quality (e.g., compression). To carry further processing, it is useful to not only know whether the image has been previously JPEG compressed, but to learn what quantization table was used. This is the case, for example, if one wants to remove JPEG artifacts or for JPEG re-compression. In this paper, a fast and efficient method is provided to determine whether an image has been previously JPEG compressed. After detecting a compression signature, we estimate compression parameters. Specifically, we developed a method for the maximum likelihood estimation of JPEG quantization steps. The quantizer estimation method is very robust so that only sporadically an estimated quantizer step size is off, and when so, it is by one value.
Behavioral assessment in schools : theory, research, and clinical foundations

Part I: Introduction. Kratochwill, Shapito, Conceptual Foundations of Behavioural Assessment in Schools. Part II: Assessment Techniques. Skinner, Dittmer, Howell, Direct Observation in School Settings Theoretical Issues. Daly, Murdoch, Direct Observation in the Assessment of Academic Skills Problems. McComas, Mace, Theory and Practice in Conducting Functional Analysis. Hintze, Stoner, Bull, Analogue Assessment: Research and Practice in Evaluating Emotional and Behavioural Problems. Gettinger, Seibert, Analogue Assessment: Research and Practice in Evaluating Academic Skills Problems. L.S. Fuchs, D. Fuchs, Analogue Assessment of Academic Skills: Curriculum-Based Measurement and Performance Assessment. Cole, Bambara, Self-Monitoring: Theory and Practice. Merrell, Informant Reports: Theory and Research in Using Child Behavior Rating Scales in School Settings. Beaver, Busse, Informant Reports: Conceptual and Research Bases of Inteviews with Parents and Teachers. Eckert, Dunn, Guiney, Codding, Self-Reports: Theory and Research in Using Rating Scale Measures. McConaughy, Self-Reports: Theory and Practice in Interviewing Children. Part III: Issues in Child and Adolescent Assessment. Barnett, Lentz, Macmann, Psychometric Qualities of Professional Practice. McGivern, Marquart, Legal and Ethical Issues in Child and Adolescent Assessment. Quintana, Castillo, Zamarripa, Assessment of Ethnic and and Linguistic Minority Children. Power, Eiraldi, Educational and Psychiatric Classification Systems.
Modeling, Characterization and Recommendation of Multimedia Web Content Services

Web multimedia content has reached much importance lately. One of the most important content types is online video, as demonstrated by the success of platforms such as YouTube. The growth in the volume of available online video is also observed in corporate scenarios, such as TV station. This paper evaluates a set of corporate online videos hosted by Sambatech, a company that holds the largest platform for online multimedia content distribution in Latin America. We propose a novel analytical approach for video recommendation, focusing on video objects being consumed. After modeling this service, we characterize the contents from multiple sources, and propose techniques for multimedia content recommendation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is very promising, which had obtained almost 70 in precision. We also perform distinct evaluations using different approaches from literature, such as the state-of-the-art technique for item recommendation.
High-Field MRI Reveals a Drastic Increase of Hypoxia-Induced Microhemorrhages upon Tissue Reoxygenation in the Mouse Brain with Strong Predominance in the Olfactory Bulb

Human pathophysiology of high altitude hypoxic brain injury is not well understood and research on the underlying mechanisms is hampered by the lack of well-characterized animal models. In this study, we explored the evolution of brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological methods in mice exposed to normobaric hypoxia at 8% oxygen for 48 hours followed by rapid reoxygenation and incubation for further 24 h under normoxic conditions. T2*-, diffusion-weighted and T2-relaxometry MRI was performed before exposure, immediately after 48 hours of hypoxia and 24 hours after reoxygenation. Cerebral microhemorrhages, previously described in humans suffering from severe high altitude cerebral edema, were also detected in mice upon hypoxia-reoxygenation with a strong region-specific clustering in the olfactory bulb, and to a lesser extent, in the basal ganglia and cerebral white matter. The number of microhemorrhages determined immediately after hypoxia was low, but strongly increased 24 hours upon onset of reoxygenation. Histologically verified microhemorrhages were exclusively located around cerebral microvessels with disrupted interendothelial tight junction protein ZO-1. In contrast, quantitative T2 and apparent-diffusion-coefficient values immediately after hypoxia and after 24 hours of reoxygenation did not show any region-specific alteration, consistent with subtle multifocal but not with regional or global brain edema.
Leaky RyR2 trigger ventricular arrhythmias in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) have a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy associated with fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Electrical and functional abnormalities have been attributed to cardiac fibrosis; however, electrical abnormalities may occur in the absence of overt cardiac histopathology. Here we show that structural and functional remodeling of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release channel/ryanodine receptor (RyR2) occurs in the mdx mouse model of DMD. RyR2 from mdx hearts were S-nitrosylated and depleted of calstabin2 (FKBP12.6), resulting in “leaky” RyR2 channels and a diastolic SR Ca2+ leak. Inhibiting the depletion of calstabin2 from the RyR2 complex with the Ca2+ channel stabilizer S107 (“rycal”) inhibited the SR Ca2+ leak, inhibited aberrant depolarization in isolated cardiomyocytes, and prevented arrhythmias in vivo. This suggests that diastolic SR Ca2+ leak via RyR2 due to S-nitrosylation of the channel and calstabin2 depletion from the channel complex likely triggers cardiac arrhythmias. Normalization of the RyR2-mediated diastolic SR Ca2+ leak prevents fatal sudden cardiac arrhythmias in DMD.
Regularized linear equalization for multipath channels with imperfect channel estimation

This paper deals with different techniques for linear equalization of multipath channels with imperfect channel estimation (CE). We develop a unified framework based on Krylov subspace expansion, which allows us to compare the performance of the conjugate gradient (CG) method, diagonal loading (DL), and a hybrid scheme. Our analysis shows that the DL method generally outperforms its alternatives, but at the cost of higher complexity. However, we also demonstrate that a proper implementation of the low-complexity CG method can also approach the performance of DL. Finally, we show that preconditioning degrades performance when the CE is poor.
Channel Assignment for Multihop Cellular Networks: Minimum Delay

Multihop cellular networks (MCNs) enhance the capacity and coverage and alleviate the dead-spot and hot-spot problems of cellular networks. They also allow faster and cheaper deployment of cellular networks. A fundamental issue of these networks is packet delay because multihop relaying for signals is involved. An effective channel assignment is the key to reducing delay. In this paper, we propose an optimal and a heuristic channel assignment scheme, called OCA and minimum slot waiting first (MSWF), respectively, for a time division duplex (TDD) wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) MCN. OCA provides an optimal solution in minimizing packet delay and can be used as an unbiased or benchmark tool for comparison among different network conditions or networking schemes. However, OCA is computationally expensive and, thus, inefficient for large real-time channel assignment problem. In this case, MSWF is more appropriate. Simulation results show that MSWF achieves on average 95 percent of the delay performance of OCA and is effective in achieving high throughput and low packet delay in conditions of different cell sizes.
Pathogen reduction technologies: what are the concerns?

As physicians dedicated to the improvement of the health of our patients, all in the field of transfusion medicine certainly welcome opportunities to improve the safety of what we do. As with any field of medicine, new ideas can take considerable time to become adopted [1] and what appears to be an inborn conservatism amongst transfusion medicine specialists further slows our acceptance of changes. In addition, the administrative responsibilities of physicians who manage blood centres and transfusion services increase their awareness of the economic consequences of decisions. Thus, change appears to occur much more slowly in our field than in other medical disciplines, and, at times, some commentators have wondered if we have truly been fully discharging our fiduciary duties to patients [2]. This review will focus on defining issues of primary importance in assessing any new therapy, including pathogen reduction technology (PRT) for blood components: safety and efficacy. The review will conclude with a commentary on how these factors and others combine to affect our approach to change.
Ontology design towards web intelligence: A Sports Complex Ontology case study

As we are aware that for fulfilling the dream of an intelligent web, an Ontology may act as a backbone and it's significance may not be denied for realizing the vision of semantic web to add semantics or computer understandable data to the existing human readable web inorder to facilitate a more efficient knowledge use or reuse on a sharable basis on web. It means that Ontology enables to structure and conceptualize the shared knowledge of a particular domain on web but the major challenging problem is the huge decentralized nature of web which does not permit to have a single large ontology but left with the possibility of having several smaller ontologies which are difficult to implement and manage. Now, Ontology has several critical aspects where Ontology design and development is one of the fundamental key issues which may be best realized with the help of a case study. In this paper, a case study of a “Sports Complex Ontology” is presented using ontology editor SWOOP 2.3 Beta 4 presenting Ontology Statistics with some results or observations. What makes it different from others is it's key aspects which include: design criteria pictorial representation along with the key steps and it's relevance with research issues like Semantic Search patterns based on "Structure", the details being out of scope of this paper.
Effects of a 12-Month Multicomponent Exercise Program on Physical Performance, Daily Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Very Elderly People With Minor Disabilities: An Intervention Study

Background Although studies suggest that exercise training improves physical performance and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among elderly people, most of these studies have investigated relatively healthy persons. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a 12-month multicomponent exercise program on physical performance, daily physical activity, and HRQOL among very elderly people with minor disabilities. Methods The subjects consisted of 65 elders (median age: 84 years) who were certified to receive long-term care in the form of support only or Level 1 care (the lowest level of care required); 31 were allocated to the intervention group and 34 to the control group. The intervention group participated in supervised exercises once a week for 12 months and in home-based exercises. The exercise program consisted of various exercises related to flexibility, muscle strength, balance, and aerobic performance. Results After 12 months of exercise training, the intervention group had significant improvements in lower-limb strength and on the sit-and-reach test; these effects were not observed in the control group. The control group had significant decreases in grip strength, 6-minute walking distance, walking speed, and stride length; these decreases were not observed in the intervention group. No clear differences in HRQOL measurements or changes in physical activity were detected between groups. Conclusions The 12-month multicomponent exercise program may effectively improve and maintain the physical performance of very elderly individuals with minor disabilities.
Frequency constrained optimal power flow based on glow-worm swarm optimization in islanded microgrids

This work presents an application of a swarm optimization method to solve the optimal power flow problem taking into account the constraints of frequency and line ampacity in three-phase islanded Microgrids. Each generation unit is equipped with a Power Electronics Interface. In the considered formulation, the droop control parameters are considered as variables to be adjusted by a higher control level, while the frequency is kept in rated bounds. Another typical constraint for OPF formulation, the max ampacity of each line, is also considered. Two case studies with different dimensions and electrical features have been considered and the obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed approach that can be straightforward extended to unbalanced systems.