Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDY ETHNOMATHEMATICS: PENGUNGKAPAN SISTEM BILANGAN MASYARAKAT ADAT BADUY

Penelitian ini menyangkut tentang upaya untuk menunjukkan hubungan yang terjadi secara timbal balik antara matematika dengan budaya. Selama ini matematika dianggap tidak ada kaitannya sama sekali dengan budaya. Anggapan tersebut berperan besar dalam melahirkan praktik kolonialisasi pembelajaran matematika di beberapa negara. Upaya untuk menghilangkan praktik kolonialisasi pembelajaran matematika tersebut didiskusikan oleh para matematikawan dan ahli pendidikan matematika internasional dalam suatu wadah yang disebut ethnomathematics. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah adat Baduy, tepatnya di Kampung Gajeboh. Fokus situasi sosial yang diteliti adalah aktivitas di huma (ladang). Tujuannya yaitu mengungkap sistem bilangan (bentuk matematika yang tidak familiar) yang terdapat pada aktivitas tersebut. Metode penelitian terbaru dalam kajian ethnomathematics mengadopsi prinsip mutual interrogation berupa critical dialogue. Metode itu pula yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sebagaimana penelitian-penelitian ethnomathematics di negara-negara lain, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan prinsip-prinsip dalam ethnography, yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, hingga pada pembuatan catatan lapangan (field notes). Hasil temuan pada aktivitas pertanian diungkap melalui budaya sebagai kerangka acuan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada masyarakat Indonesia bahwa sudah seharusnya kita memandang adanya keterhubungan antara matematika dengan budaya. Kata kunci: ethnomathematics, Masyarakat Adat Baduy, mutual interrogation, critical dialogues, dan ethnography.
Radical S-Adenosyl-l-methionine Chemistry in the Synthesis of Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase Metal Cofactors*

Nitrogenase, [FeFe]-hydrogenase, and [Fe]-hydrogenase enzymes perform catalysis at metal cofactors with biologically unusual non-protein ligands. The FeMo cofactor of nitrogenase has a MoFe7S9 cluster with a central carbon, whereas the H-cluster of [FeFe]-hydrogenase contains a 2Fe subcluster coordinated by cyanide and CO ligands as well as dithiomethylamine; the [Fe]-hydrogenase cofactor has CO and guanylylpyridinol ligands at a mononuclear iron site. Intriguingly, radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine enzymes are vital for the assembly of all three of these diverse cofactors. This minireview presents and discusses the current state of knowledge of the radical S-adenosylmethionine enzymes required for synthesis of these remarkable metal cofactors.
A Unified Video Segmentation Benchmark: Annotation, Metrics and Analysis

Video segmentation research is currently limited by the lack of a benchmark dataset that covers the large variety of sub problems appearing in video segmentation and that is large enough to avoid over fitting. Consequently, there is little analysis of video segmentation which generalizes across subtasks, and it is not yet clear which and how video segmentation should leverage the information from the still-frames, as previously studied in image segmentation, alongside video specific information, such as temporal volume, motion and occlusion. In this work we provide such an analysis based on annotations of a large video dataset, where each video is manually segmented by multiple persons. Moreover, we introduce a new volume-based metric that includes the important aspect of temporal consistency, that can deal with segmentation hierarchies, and that reflects the tradeoff between over-segmentation and segmentation accuracy.
Agreement between written and video questions for comparing asthma symptoms in ISAAC

Phase One of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) has reported the prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in children. In 99 centres from 40 countries, a total of just under 317,000 13–14-yr-old children also completed a video questionnaire, showing the symptoms and signs of asthma. This first video sequence has been compared to the ISAAC written question asking about current wheezing to explore variations in agreement and the contribution of each questionnaire to wheezing prevalence between centres, by region and language groups. In general, responses to the video questionnaire gave a lower prevalence than the written questionnaire and responses were closely correlated. The overall proportion of agreement was high, mean 0.89, but unbalanced, with good negative agreement but poor positive agreement. Chance corrected agreement using Cohen's kappa coefficient, was generally low, with only 20 centres with kappa >0.4. The contribution of each questionnaire to wheezing prevalence also varied between centres and suggests that written questions about wheezing are variably understood and interpreted by 13–14 yr olds. International comparisons of wheezing and its audiovisual presentation suggest that adolescents interpret a written question about wheezing differently from its audiovisual presentation and that this interpretation shows variation between centres. This relationship and the interpretation of both written and audiovisual presentation of symptoms requires further study in order to better predict asthma.
Re‐adapting T cells for cancer therapy: from mouse models to clinical trials

Adoptive T‐cell therapy involves the isolation, expansion, and reinfusion of T lymphocytes with a defined specificity and function as a means to eradicate cancer. Our research has focused on specifying the requirements for tumor eradication with antigen‐specific T cells and T cells transduced to express a defined T‐cell receptor (TCR) in mouse models and then translating these strategies to clinical trials. Our design of T‐cell‐based therapy for cancer has reflected efforts to identify the obstacles that limit sustained effector T‐cell activity in mice and humans, design approaches to enhance T‐cell persistence, develop methods to increase TCR affinity/T‐cell functional avidity, and pursue strategies to overcome tolerance and immunosuppression. With the advent of genetic engineering, a highly functional population of T cells can now be rapidly generated and tailored for the targeted malignancy. Preclinical studies in faithful and informative mouse models, in concert with knowledge gained from analyses of successes and limitations in clinical trials, are shaping how we continue to develop, refine, and broaden the applicability of this approach for cancer therapy.
Rapid Detection of Candida albicans in Clinical Samples by DNA Amplification of Common Regions from C. albicans-Secreted Aspartic Proteinase Genes

ABSTRACT Laboratory diagnosis based on genomic amplification methods such as PCR may provide an alternative and more sensitive method than conventional culture for the early detection of deep-seated candidiasis, an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. A novel method of DNA extraction from clinical samples based on treatment with proteinase K and isolation of DNA on a silica membrane was developed. The targets used for DNA amplification were the Candida albicans-secreted aspartic proteinase (SAP) genes, a multiple-gene family of at least seven members in C. albicans. A single pair of primers was designed in order to detect six of these SAPgenes and, subsequently, to increase the sensitivity of the test. Detection of the PCR product by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was found to be as sensitive as Southern blotting with anSAP-labeled probe. The sensitivity of the assay was 1 cell/ml from serially diluted Candida cultures and 1 to 4 cells/ml from seeded blood specimens. The sensitivity and specificity of the present assay were tested in a retrospective study performed blindly with 156 clinical samples and were 100 and 98%, respectively, compared with the results of culture. For the subset of blood culture samples (n = 124), the sensitivity and the specificity were 100%. The two false-positive PCR samples came from patients treated with azole antifungal agents, indicating that PCR was probably able to detect damaged organisms that could not be recovered by culture.
Aspects of Teaching Secondary Music: Perspectives on Practice

Aspects of Teaching Secondary Musicprovides a practical illustration of the skills, knowledge and understanding required to teach music in the secondary classroom. Musical concepts and ideas are discussed and a critical examination of key issues is given. This encourages the reader to engage with these thoughts and consider their views and beliefs in terms of how they will influence their potential to teach music in an inspired and effective manner. Gary Spruce draws on his long experience as a practitioner for the good of this book, with can be used along side the reader:Teaching Music in the Secondary Schoolto form a comprehensive resource for those studying for the PGCE. These combinations of practical and theoretical books are available in a range of subjects to accommodate all on the course.
Testsuite and harness for browser based editing

The Web is still awkward when it comes to online editing. It is time to fix that, and make it easier for developers to create smarter browser based editing tools. This short paper presents work on a test framework for a cross browser open source library for browser based editing. The aim is to encourage a proliferation of different kinds of browser based editing for a wide range of purposes. The library steps around the considerable variations in the details of browser support for designMode and contentEditable, which have acted as a brake on realizing the full potential for browser based editing.
The Eyes Have It: How a Car's Face Influences Consumer Categorization and Evaluation of Product Line Extensions

This research focuses on a previously unexamined risk associated with the widely used new product development strategy of line extensions. Specifically, it explores consumer reactions when line extensions become too visually similar and examines both short-term and longer term strategies for solving the problem. Examined in the context of consumer durables, specifically, automobiles, the results show that consumers who make categorization mistakes when trying to distinguish between two visually similar product lines have more negative attitudes not only toward the product but also toward the parent brand. The results of Study 1 confirm that providing a design vocabulary that articulates the car's design features is effective in reducing consumer's categorization mistakes. In addition, results of Study 2 indicate that changes to the car's “eyes” (headlights) are more effective than changes to the car's “mouth” (grille) in helping consumers to differentiate among cars in the line.
Why Do Firms Merge and then Divest: A Theory of Financial Synergy

This article develops a theory of mergers and divestitures. The motivation stems from inability to finance marginally profitable projects as stand-alones due to agency problems. A conglomerate merger is a technology that allows these projects to survive a period of distress. If profitability improves, the financing synergy ends and the acquirer divests the assets. The authors' theory reconciles two seemingly contradictory empirical findings. Mergers increase the combined values of acquirers and targets by financing positive net present value (NPV) projects that cannot be financed as stand-alones. At the same time, because these projects are only marginally profitable, conglomerates are less valuable than stand-alones. Copyright 1999 by University of Chicago Press.
Fusing Monocular Information in Multicamera SLAM

This paper explores the possibilities of using monocular simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms in systems with more than one camera. The idea is to combine in a single system the advantages of both monocular vision (bearings-only, infinite range observations but no 3-D instantaneous information) and stereovision (3-D information up to a limited range). Such a system should be able to instantaneously map nearby objects while still considering the bearing information provided by the observation of remote ones. We do this by considering each camera as an independent sensor rather than the entire set as a monolithic supersensor. The visual data are treated by monocular methods and fused by the SLAM filter. Several advantages naturally arise as interesting possibilities, such as the desynchronization of the firing of the sensors, the use of several unequal cameras, self-calibration, and cooperative SLAM with several independently moving cameras. We validate the approach with two different applications: a stereovision SLAM system with automatic self-calibration of the rig's main extrinsic parameters and a cooperative SLAM system with two independent free-moving cameras in an outdoor setting.
Australian Students with Disabilities Accessing NAPLAN: Lessons from a decade of inclusive assessment in the United States

Australian legislation and educational policies may espouse, but not yet fully enact, inclusive assessments for all. In relation to the National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN), for example, almost 5% of students are either exempt or withdrawn. The achievement levels of these students, many of whom have disabilities, are not being accurately benchmarked. In contrast, the United States, for more than a decade, has been developing and applying a range of strategies in an effort to provide assessment for all students. Lessons from these experiences are summarised, and three key strategies are provided, to assist the Australian Curriculum, Assessment, and Reporting Authority (ACARA) and associated testing authorities in promoting the development and implementation of a more effective and inclusive assessment regime for all Australian students.
trans-Bis(1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoropentane-2,4-dionato-κ2 O,O′)bis(4-methyl-1,2,3-selenadiazole-κN 3)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C5HF6O2)2(C3H4N2Se)2], the CuII atom (site symmetry ) is coordinated by two O,O′-bidentate 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione (hp) ligands and two 4-methyl-1,2,3-selenadiazole molecules, resulting in a slightly distorted trans-CuN2O4 octahedral geometry in which the cis angles deviate by less than 3° from 90°. The selenadiazole plane is canted at 73.13 (17)° to the square plane defined by the pentanedionate O atoms. The F atoms of one of the hp ligands are disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.66 (3):0.34 (3) ratio. There are no significant intermolecular interactions in the crystal.
Accounting for Consumption Volatility Differences

In the wake of emerging market turmoil, the role and welfare consequences of volatility have attracted renewed attention. An emerging consensus points to various types of volatility being both a consequence and a determinant of longer-term growth performance. The linkages appear to be context dependent. This paper employs classification tree analysis to explore determinants of consumption volatility taking account of context dependence. The results suggest output volatility, measures of input volatility, and measures of economic development are best able to differentiate between countries with high and low consumption volatility.
VH Gene Replacement in Thymocytes1

The quasi-monoclonal (QM) mouse has a functionally rearranged H chain gene inserted into its natural position in the IgH locus. In this position, the H chain gene is subject to many of the same activities as normally arranged H chain genes, including somatic hypermutation, VH gene replacement, and class switch recombination. Here, we have used this mouse strain to determine some of the rules that govern the V(D)J recombination activity of the IgH locus in thymus. We focused on the requirements for VH gene replacement. In normal mice, thymic DJH rearrangements are common, but VDJH rearrangements are not. We found intermediate products of VH replacement in double-positive CD4+CD8+ cells of the QM thymus, demonstrating that the inserted VH gene was accessible and ruling out the possibility that a VH gene per se cannot be rearranged in the thymus. We found transcripts from the knocked-in H chain gene of QM, but no μ H chain protein was detectable in thymocytes. Cloning and sequencing of these transcripts revealed that some had been generated by VH gene replacement. Corresponding signal joints could also be identified. These results suggest that neither a B cell-specific signal nor an Ig protein are necessary to activate VH-to-VDJH joining in thymocytes. Possible mechanisms remaining to account for overcoming the barrier to VH joining in thymocytes include the insertion of a transcriptionally active gene segment and/or the inactivation of a silencer.
Ergänzung der klassischen Artikulationstherapie durch Kontingenzmanagement und Shared-Decision-Making: eine Therapieeffektstudie

The aim of the current study was to test whether the efficacy of classical articulation therapy for children with a phonetic articulation disorder can be enhanced by adding a behavioral treatment concept (Contingency Management, CM) and Shared-Decision-Making (SDM). A total of 136 children between 4 and 6 years of age participated in the study and were divided into three groups: 50 children were treated with the classic articulation therapy (8 45 min sessions), 48 children additionally CM and SDM and 38 children received no therapy. The results confirm that classical articulation therapy is effective for children with a phonetic articulation disorder. Furthermore, the addition of CM and SDM increases the efficacy of the treatment and decreases the variance of therapy success.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of Automated, Multiplexed Peptide Immunoaffinity Enrichment Coupled to Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry for Quantifying Proteins in Plasma*

The inability to quantify large numbers of proteins in tissues and biofluids with high precision, sensitivity, and throughput is a major bottleneck in biomarker studies. We previously demonstrated that coupling immunoaffinity enrichment using anti-peptide antibodies (SISCAPA) to multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) produces Immunoprecipitation MRM-MS (immuno-MRM-MS) assays that can be multiplexed to quantify proteins in plasma with high sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Here we report the first systematic evaluation of the interlaboratory performance of multiplexed (8-plex) immuno-MRM-MS in three independent labs. A staged study was carried out in which the effect of each processing and analysis step on assay coefficient of variance, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery was evaluated. Limits of detection were at or below 1 ng/ml for the assayed proteins in 30 μl of plasma. Assay reproducibility was acceptable for verification studies, with median intra- and interlaboratory coefficients of variance above the limit of quantification of 11% and <14%, respectively, for the entire immuno-MRM-MS assay process, including enzymatic digestion of plasma. Trypsin digestion and its requisite sample handling contributed the most to assay variability and reduced the recovery of target peptides from digested proteins. Using a stable isotope-labeled protein as an internal standard instead of stable isotope-labeled peptides to account for losses in the digestion process nearly doubled assay accuracy for this while improving assay precision 5%. Our results demonstrate that multiplexed immuno-MRM-MS can be made reproducible across independent laboratories and has the potential to be adopted widely for assaying proteins in matrices as complex as plasma.
Discourse Topic and Gestural Form

Coverbal gesture provides a channel for the visual expression of ideas. While some gestural emblems have culturally predefined forms (e.g., "thumbs up"), the relationship between gesture and meaning is, in general, not conventionalized. It is natural to ask whether such gestures can be interpreted in a speaker-independent way, or whether gestural form is determined by the speaker's idiosyncratic view of the discourse topic. We address this question using an audiovisual dataset across multiple speakers and topics. Our analysis employs a hierarchical Bayesian author-topic model, in which gestural patterns are stochastically generated by a mixture of speaker-specific and topic-specific priors. These gestural patterns are characterized using automatically-extracted visual features, based on spatio-temporal interest points. This framework detects significant cross-speaker patterns in gesture that are governed by the discourse topic, suggesting that even unstructured gesticulation can be interpreted across speakers. In addition, the success of this approach shows that the semantic characteristics of gesture can be detected via a low-level, interest point representation.
Molecular Evolution of PvMSP3α Block II in Plasmodium vivax from Diverse Geographic Origins

Block II of Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 3α (PvMSP3α) is conserved and has been proposed as a potential candidate for a malaria vaccine. The present study aimed to compare sequence diversity in PvMSP3a block II at a local microgeographic scale in a village as well as from larger geographic regions (countries and worldwide). Blood samples were collected from asymptomatic carriers of P. vivax in a village at the western border of Thailand and PvMSP3α was amplified and sequenced. For population genetic analysis, 237 PvMSP3α block II sequences from eleven P. vivax endemic countries were analyzed. PvMSP3α sequences from 20 village-level samples revealed two length variant types with one type containing a large deletion in block I. In contrast, block II was relatively conserved; especially, some non-synonymous mutations were extensively shared among 11 parasite populations. However, the majority of the low-frequency synonymous variations were population specific. The conserved pattern of nucleotide diversity in block II sequences was probably due to functional/structural constraints, which were further supported by the tests of neutrality. Notably, a small region in block II that encodes a predicted B cell epitope was highly polymorphic and showed signs of balancing selection, signifying that this region might be influenced by the immune selection and may serve as a starting point for designing multi-antigen/stage epitope based vaccines against this parasite.