Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GRB 070707: the first short gamma-ray burst observed by INTEGRAL

Context. INTEGRAL has observed 47 long-duration GRBs (T-90 greater than or similar to 2 s) and 1 short-duration GRB (T-90 less than or similar to 2 s) in five years of observation since October 2002. Aims. This work presents the properties of the prompt emission of GRB 070707, which is the first short hard GRB observed by INTEGRAL. Methods. The spectral and temporal properties of GRB 070707 were determined using the two sensitive coded-mask gamma-ray instruments on board INTEGRAL, IBIS and SPI. Results. The T-90 duration was 0.8 s, and the spectrum of the prompt emission was obtained by joint deconvolution of IBIS and SPI data to yield a best fit power-law with photon index alpha = -1.19(-0.13)(+0.14) , which is consistent with the characteristics of short-hard gamma-ray bursts. The peak flux over 1 s was 1.79(-0.21)(+0.06) photons cm(-2) s(-1) and the fluence over the same interval was (2.07(-0.32)(+0.06) ) x 10(-7) erg cm(-2) in the energy range 20-200 keV. The spectral lag measured between 25-50 keV and 100-300 keV is 20 +/- 5 ms, consistent with the small or negligible lags measured for short bursts. Conclusions. The spectral and temporal properties of GRB 070707 are comparable to those of the short hard bursts detected by other gamma-ray satellites, including BATSE and Swift. We estimate a lower limit on the Lorentz factor Gamma greater than or similar to 25 for GRB 070707, assuming the typical redshift for short GRBs of z = 0.35. This limit is consistent with previous estimates for short GRBs and is smaller than the lower limits of Gamma greater than or similar to 100 calculated for long GRBs. If GRB 070707 is a member of the recently postulated class of short GRBs at z similar to 1, the lower limit on Gamma increases to Gamma greater than or similar to 35.
Increased Scheduling Quality by Utilizing the Flexibility of Malleable Jobs

To accomplish both, the demand of the users of parallel systems for a low response time and the ambition of the system maintainers for a high utilization, is hard to do. A high utilization normally results in long waiting times for the users’ jobs. An alternative to the standard jobs with fixed width are more flexible jobs models. They allow to change the job’s width at application start (moldable jobs) or even during execution (malleable jobs). We have analyzed the quality of schedules using job sets with moldable and malleable jobs and combinations of both. Tracefiles from supercomputer installations have been modified to contain varying fractions of moldable and malleable jobs. Using a special simulation environment for the more flexible job models the jobs have been scheduled virtually. The results show that using this job models both interest groups mentioned above can be pleased.
Advances in Probabilistic Model Checking

Probabilistic model checking is an automated verification method that aims to establish the correctness of probabilistic systems. Probability may arise, for example, due to failures of unreliable components, communication across lossy media, or through the use of randomisation in distributed protocols. Probabilistic model checking enables a range of exhaustive, quantitative analyses of properties such as "the probability of a message being delivered within 5ms is at least 0.89". In the last ten years, probabilistic model checking has been successfully applied to numerous real-world case studies, and is now a highly active field of research. This tutorial gives an introduction to probabilistic model checking, as well as presenting material on selected recent advances. The first half of the tutorial concerns two classical probabilistic models, discrete-time Markov chains and Markov decision processes, explaining the underlying theory and model checking algorithms for the temporal logic PCTL. The second half discusses two advanced topics: quantitative abstraction refinement and model checking for probabilistic timed automata. We also briefly summarise the functionality of the probabilistic model checker PRISM, the leading tool in the area.
Making a Case for Historical Teaching Cases

Development of legitimate teaching cases demands cases be factual, that is that they use “real people, real companies, real situations,” and, usually, present time. Rarely, do cases deal with historical happenings in which lives, as well as fortunes, could be lost to achieve desired ends. History provides rich material on which to build teaching cases with the added advantage of acquainting students with the past and the influence the past has in shaping the future. Answers to the question of “Why use historical teaching cases” are related to the more general question of “Why study history. ” Both questions are addressed.
Analyses épidémiologiques et socioéconomiques de la situation des psychothérapies en France, en vue de propositions sur les politiques de remboursement des psychothérapies

Les psychotherapies structurees sont des traitements des troubles de sante mentale recommandees par les guides de bonne pratique internationaux et dont l’efficacite et leur impact positif sur les couts pour les regimes de sante ont ete largement demontres. Toutefois, actuellement en France, les psychotherapies effectuees par les professionnels de sante mentale non medecins exercant en liberal, ne sont pas remboursees. L’evaluation financiere de la prise en charge des psychotherapies a ete effectuee a partir de la methodologie du programme anglais Improving Access for Psychological Therapies 2005. Le cout de la seance a ete estime a 41€, le taux de remboursement par le regime obligatoire a 70% et 60% pour soigner les personnes de 18 a 75 ans souffrant de troubles de sante mentale courants chroniques et/ou severes. Le cout de la prise en charge psychotherapeutique annuelle s’eleverait a 514 millions d’euros (entre 308 et 347 M€ pour le regime obligatoire), pour traiter 1,033 million de francais, soit 2,3% de la population. Pour 1€ investi dans le traitement psychotherapeutique, le ratio cout-benefice s’eleverait, selon la symptomatologie, entre 1,14€ et 1,95€ epargnes par ce traitement. La France dispose des 14.300 professionnels necessaires et habilites a effectuer des psychotherapies, pour traiter cette population.
Determinants of Multimedia, Entertainment, and Business Software Copyright Piracy: A Cross-national Study

This paper examines cross-national variations in piracy of U.S. copyright related products in the multimedia, entertainment, and software industry. To determine which economic, legal, and social factors cause the considerable differences in piracy of U.S. copyright industriesâ€™ products in individual countries, we tested 4 industry models. We find that for most industries piracy can be explained by the risk profile of the country involved (signalling economic and political stability and growth potential) and the existence of a strong intellectual property rights system. Furthermore, for the four analysed copyright-based industries considerable variation in piracy exists between geographic regions. This study shows that disaggregation of the copyright piracy data by industry is helpful in analysing and understanding piracy.
A New Synthetic Peptide Having Two Target of Antibacterial Action in E. coli ML35

The increased resistance of microorganisms to the different antimicrobials available to today has highlighted the need to find new therapeutic agents, including natural and/or synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). This study has evaluated the antimicrobial activity of synthetic peptide 35409 (RYRRKKKMKKALQYIKLLKE) against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Escherichia coli ML 35 (ATCC 43827). The results have shown that peptide 35409 inhibited the growth of these three bacterial strains, having 16-fold greater activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, but requiring less concentration regarding E. coli (22 μM). When analyzing this activity against E. coli compared to time taken, it was found that this peptide inhibited bacterial growth during the first 60 min and reduced CFU/mL 1 log after 120 min had elapsed. This AMP permeabilized the E. coli membrane by interaction with membrane phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylethanolamine, inhibited cell division and induced filamentation, suggesting two different targets of action within a bacterial cell. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that peptide 35409 had low hemolytic activity and was not cytotoxic for two human cell lines. We would thus propose, in the light of these findings, that the peptide 35409 sequence should provide a promising template for designing broad-spectrum AMPs.
Lattice-Boltzmann method applied to the pattern formation on periodic surface structures generated by multiline nanosecond laser

We simulated the pattern formation on silicon surfaces. For this purpose, we used Lattice-Boltzmann method assuming two non-ideal interacting fluids using a lattice velocity D2Q9. The experiment was carried out with a multiline (1064, 532 and 355 nm) Nd: YAG pulsed laser that employs an energy range from 310 to 3100 J on a surface p-type monocrystalline silicon oriented in the direction [111]. The whole system was subjected to argon gas blowing which is key in pattern formation. Computer simulation reproduces the overall behavior of the experimental geometric patterns expressed in oblique parallel ripples quite well.
HILBERT SPACES WITH GENERIC PREDICATES

We study the model theory of expansions of Hilbert spaces by generic predicates. We first prove the existence of model companions for generic expansions of Hilbert spaces in the form first of a distance function to a random substructure, then a distance to a random subset. The theory obtained with the random substructure is {\omega}-stable, while the one obtained with the distance to a random subset is $TP_2$ and $NSOP_1$. That example is the first continuous structure in that class.
Multimodal Speaker Identification using Adaptive Decision Fusion with Reliability Weighted Summation

We present a multimodal open-set speaker identification system that integrates information coming from audio, face and lip motion modalities. For fusion of multiple modalities, the so called product rule with a novel adaptive reliability based weighting structure is employed. The proposed adaptive product rule is more robust in the presence of unreliable modalities, provided that the employed reliability measure is effective in assessment of classifier decisions. The proposed reliability measure, that genuinely fits to the open-set speaker identification problem, is used to assess more robust accept and reject decisions. Experimental results that support this assertion are provided.
Brain Focal Activation Detection with MEG Signals Using Combination Method

Magnetoencephalography(MEG) is one of newest methods for detecting brain activations. But because of illposedness of this problem many papers are proposed to solving this problem and acquiring accurate unique solution. In this paper we propose a method whose solution is less sensitive to noise, is spatially unbiased, focal and has low computational complexity. We combine the ideas of weighting, regularization to provide a combination method. Simulation studies on focal activation detection in different location and signal to noise ratio (SNR) reveal that the proposed method provides accurate and focal solution in the presence of noise. This method has superior performance compared to non-iterative methods. Its performance is similar to the iterative methods (like FOCUSS) but with lower computational load.
AVPUC: automatic video production with user customization

Nowadays, multiple video cameras are employed for live broadcast and recording of almost all major social events, and all these camera streams have to be aggregated and rendered into one video program for audiences. While this content composition process aims at presenting the most interesting perspective of an event, it leads to the problem of how to fully customize the finally composed video program to different audience interests without requiring too much input from the audience. The goal of this work is to solve this problem by proposing the Automatic Video Production with User Customization (AVPUC) system that separates the video stream interestingness comparison from video program rendering to provide space for maximized customization. Human-controlled video selection and automatic video evaluation are combined to support video content customization and reduce redundant audience inputs. Preliminary evaluation results confirm that AVPUC’s capturing-evaluation-render model for video production improves audiences’ satisfaction for customized multi-perspective viewing of social events.
Real time optimal power flow integrating large scale storage devices and wind generation

This paper presents a real time strategy for optimal power flow in presence of storage devices and wind turbine driven by Doubly Fed Induction Generators. These elements work in cooperation defining a dynamic bus where the generated power is subject to temporal constraints, which establish a coupling between traditional power flow problems related to consecutive time periods; further the uncertainty in wind power generation forecasts requires a continuous update of the planned power profiles, in order to guarantee a dynamic equilibrium among demand and supply. Model predictive control is used for this purpose, considering the dynamic equations of the storage and the wind turbine rotor as prediction models. A proper target function is introduced in order to find a trade-off between the need of minimizing generation costs and the excursions of the storage state of charge and the wind turbine angular speed from reference states. In the case study under consideration storage, wind turbines and a traditional synchronous generator are operated by the Transmission System Operator in the form of a Virtual Power Plant working as slack bus to cover network losses. The proposed approach is validated on simulation basis.
Strategic complementarities and substitutes in R&D duopoly DRAFT!

In this paper we deal with R&D games with two players investing in R&D and competing in the product market. We consider tournament as well as non-tournament kind of models. We discover that strategic substitutability or complementarity of R&D decisions depend on properties of pro…t from market competition, which motivate …rms to do R&D. Like Beath, Katsoulacos and Ulph (1989) we distinguish two major factors motivation …rm’s investments: pro…t incentives and competitive threat. When the former dominates the latter, there are strategic substitutes in the game. In non-tournament games with two ways spillovers this property of pro…ts can be interpreted as submodularity in unit cost values.
Housing Bubbles

In this paper we use the notion of a housing bubble as an equilibrium in which some investors hold houses only for resale purposes and not for the expectation of a dividend, either in the form of rents or utility. We provide a life-cycle model where households face collateral constraints that tie their credit capacity to the value of their houses and examine the conditions under which housing bubbles can emerge. In such equilibria, the total housing stock is held by owners that extract utility from their homes, landlords that obtain rents, and investors. We show that an economy with tighter collateral constraints is more prone to bubbles which, in turn, tend to have a larger size but are less fragile in face of fund-draining shocks. Our environment also allows for pure bubbles on useless assets. We find that multiple equilibria in which the economy moves endogenously from a pure bubble to a housing bubble regime and vice versa are possible. This suggests that high asset price volatility may be a natural consequence of asset shortages (or excess funding) that depress interest rates sufficiently so as to sustain an initial bubble. We also examine some welfare implications of the two types of bubbles and discuss some mechanisms to rule out equilibria with housing bubbles.
Macroscopic and microscopic features of synovial membrane inflammation in the osteoarthritic knee: correlating magnetic resonance imaging findings with disease severity.

OBJECTIVE To determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), macroscopic, and microscopic characteristics of synovial membrane inflammation, to study the relationship between disease severity and the degree of synovial inflammation on MRI and on macroscopic and microscopic examination, and to look for colocalization of chondral lesions and synovial inflammation. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) were classified into 2 groups according to the severity of cartilage lesions as revealed by chondroscopy. Group 1 (n = 14) had mild cartilage lesion(s) without exposure of subchondral bone. Group 2 (n = 25) had severe cartilage lesion(s) with focal or diffuse exposure of subchondral bone. Synovitis was evaluated on T1-weighted MRI sequences according to the degree of synovial thickening on a 4-point scale (ranging from 0 to 3) in 5 regions of interest. Synovial membrane was macroscopically scored, and biopsies were performed on the 5 preselected sites for histologic scoring. RESULTS The mean +/- SD synovial thickening score on MRI was 1.55 +/- 0.90, with no significant difference between groups 1 and 2. Intra- and interobserver reproducibility of the total synovial score was excellent, and interobserver reproducibility of the MRI grade was good. Synovitis was diffuse and associated with chondral lesions only in the medial femorotibial compartment (r = 0.49, P = 0.001). The degree of synovial thickening on MRI correlated with qualitative macroscopic analysis (r(s) = 0.58, P < 0.001) and with microscopic features (synovial lining cells [r(s) = 0.23, P < 0.007], surface fibrin deposition [r(s) = 0.12, P < 0.01], fibrosis [r(s) = 0.31, P < 0.006], edema [r(s) = 0.17, P = 0.07], congestion [r(s) = 0.30, P < 0.005], and infiltration [r(s) = 0.46, P < 0.0001]). Fibrin and infiltration parameters were more severe in end-stage disease (P = 0.009 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION Synovitis may be present from the onset of OA and may be evaluated on MRI. MRI evaluation of synovitis could be used to classify OA patients in clinical trials and could help to identify those who could benefit from synovium-targeted therapy.
Experiences developing socially acceptable interactions for a robotic trash barrel

Service robots in public places need to both understand environmental cues and move in ways that people can understand and predict. We developed and tested interactions with a trash barrel robot to better understand the implicit protocols for public interaction. In eight lunch-time sessions spread across two crowded campus dining destinations, we experimented with piloting our robot in Wizard of Oz fashion, initiating and responding to requests for impromptu interactions centered on collecting people's trash. Our studies progressed from open-ended experimentation to testing specific interaction strategies that seemed to evoke clear engagement and responses, both positive and negative. Observations and interviews show that a) people most welcome the robot's presence when they need its services and it actively advertises its intent through movement; b) people create mental models of the trash barrel as having intentions and desires; c) mistakes in navigation are indicators of autonomous control, rather than a remote operator; and d) repeated mistakes and struggling behavior polarized responses as either ignoring or endearing.
CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION OF SEA URCHIN GAMETE‐RECOGNITION PROTEINS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE OF DENSITY‐DEPENDENT GAMETE PERFORMANCE PREDICTS SHIFTS IN ALLELE FREQUENCIES OVER TIME

Species whose reproductive strategies evolved at one density regime might be poorly adapted to other regimes. Field and laboratory experiments on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus examined the influences of the two most common sperm‐bindin alleles, which differ at two amino acid sites, on fertilization success. In the field experiment, the arginine/glycine (RG) genotype performed best at low densities and the glycine/arginine (GR) genotype at high densities. In the laboratory experiment, the RG genotype had a higher affinity with available eggs, whereas the GR genotype was less likely to induce polyspermy. These sea urchins can reach 200 years of age. The RG allele dominates in larger/old sea urchins, whereas smaller/younger sea urchins have near‐equal RG and GR allele frequencies. A latitudinal cline in RG and GR genotypes is consistent with longer survival of sea urchins in the north and with predominance of RG genotypes in older individuals. The largest/oldest sea urchins were likely conceived at low densities, before sea‐urchin predators, such as sea otters, were overharvested and sea‐urchin densities exploded off the west coast of North America. Contemporary evolution of gamete‐recognition proteins might allow species to adapt to shifts in abundances and reduces the risk of reproductive failure in altered populations.
A clustering genetic algorithm for inferring protein-protein functional interactions from phylogenetic profiles

This paper explores the capabilities of genetic algorithms for clustering genomic data. We conducted a series of computational experiments on reconstructing protein-protein interactions from phylogenetic profiles. We validated the proposed model using experimentally confirmed functional associations and known bacterial operons. Experimental results demonstrated that clustering genetic algorithms produce competitive results with respect to traditional clustering methods.
Community pharmacy supply of emergency hormonal contraception: a structured literature review of international evidence.

BACKGROUND We could find no previous published review of the evidence relating to pharmacy supply of emergency hormonal contraception (EHC). Our objectives were to review, summarize and evaluate the peer-reviewed evidence relating to community pharmacy supply of EHC both in the UK and internationally. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted for peer-reviewed international research from January 1990 to January 2005. The UK Health Development Agency's Evidence Base 2000 standards and the evidence categories used by the UK Department of Health were applied to each paper. RESULTS We included 24 peer-reviewed papers. There was one randomized controlled trial (RCT); the remainder of the studies were qualitative or observational studies. Pharmacy supply of EHC enables most women to receive it within 24 h of unprotected sexual intercourse. Services were highly rated by women. One RCT showed that improving access to EHC did not reduce the use of other contraceptives, lead to an increase in risky sexual behaviour or increase the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Users expressed some concerns about the appropriateness of receiving additional pharmacist advice regarding future contraception use and STIs. One study found pharmacy supply had led to a decrease in attendances at accident and emergency departments. CONCLUSION There is good evidence that community pharmacy EHC services provide timely access to treatment and are highly rated by women.
The New Graphene Family Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Graphene family materials, including graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and 3D graphene (3D-G), have attracted much research interest for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, due to their unique structural characteristics, such as abundant activate sites, edge effects and the interconnected network. In this review, we summarize recent developments in fabricating various new graphene family materials and their applications for use as ORR electrocatalysts. These new graphene family materials play an important role in improving the ORR performance, thus promoting the practical use in metal-air batteries and fuel cells.