Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of High School Students' Attitude and Anxiety Levels towards Mathematics in Terms of Some Variables.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Turkish high school students’ attitude and anxiety levels towards mathematics. For this purpose, the methodology employed in this study was a descriptive study. The participants of the study consisted of 361 high school students from three different high school types from a province in Turkey during 2014-2015 fall term. The Mathematics Attitude Scale developed by Askar and the Mathematics Anxiety Assessment Scale adapted to Turkish by Akin et al. were used as the measuring instruments. The data was quantitatively analysed by using independent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Findings showed that gender and class levels had no significant effect on the students’ attitude and anxiety levels towards mathematics, whereas school type had significant effect on the attitude and anxiety. Key words: Mathematics, anxiety, attitude, gender, school type, class level.
Prostaglandin-induced abortion in swine: endocrine changes and influence on subsequent reproductive activity.

Gilts were treated during midgestation with prostaglandin (PG) F to study the efficacy of different treatment regimens on induction of abortion and to determine the adverse consequences of PGF-induced abortion in swine. In study 1, pregnant purebred Duroc gilts (60 to 90 days of gestation) were given (IM) 500 micrograms of cloprostenol (n = 12), 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine (n = 11), or 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine repeated 12 hours later by an additional 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine (n = 11). The percentage of gilts that aborted and percentage of aborted gilts that returned to estrus for each treatment group were as follows: cloprostenol, 91.7% and 100%, respectively; 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 36.4% and 25.0%, respectively; and 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 100% and 90.9%, respectively. Treatment with cloprostenol and with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine caused more gilts to abort (P less than 0.01) than did treatment with 20 mg of dinoprost tromethamine. Gilts that did not abort were given a second treatment with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine. When the abortions by gilts initially treated with 500 micrograms of cloprostenol or 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine were combined with those re-treated with 10 + 10 mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 32 of 33 (97.0%) gilts aborted, and 30 of the 32 (93.8%) aborted gilts returned to estrus. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bi-directional comb-fiber architecture for resolution improvement of optical quantization employing soliton self-frequency shift and spectral compression

We demonstrate a high-resolution quantization scheme based on soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS) and spectral compression in a bi-directional comb-fiber architecture. Our scheme is composed of a Sagnac-loop-based mirror and a comblike combination of two sections of interleaved single-mode fibers (SMFs) and high nonlinear fibers (HNLFs). The Sagnac-loop-based mirror is placed at the terminal of the bus line to reflect the optical pulses back to the bus line to achieve single-stage SSFS and three-stage spectral compression. Quantization with a resolution of 6.2-bit is obtained in the experiment, which is 1.2-bit higher than that of its uni-directional counterpart. Our bidirectional scheme can achieve higher quantization resolution with a small volume and a low cost compared with its uni-directional counterpart.
Automation of bioregenerative habitats for space environments

Long duration manned missions to explore new environments require habitats with automated bioregenerative life support systems, since resupply from Earth is not feasible. Bioplex, the ground facility proposed by NASA Johnson Space Center for bioregenerative life support research, consists of cylindrical modules including biomass chambers that provide food and oxygen to support crew survival. Manual duties involved in processing and maintaining crops consume more calories that the crops can reasonably produce. Decreasing risk in the hazardous environment of distant closed systems, automation of crop tasks saves time and energy, reduces crew exposure to mold and exposed harvesting machinery, and improves efficiency. Automation needs are many in Bioplex but heavy hauling and lifting consume a substantial amount of calories, since the corridors in the chamber are narrow and cramped. Various configurations of a tray handling system, Traybot, were explored, resulting in an overhead two-rail system with a vertically driven basket. Modes of operation for harvest cycles determined the requirements for the chassis, basket, power, actuator and control components. In a hazardous environment, working along side humans demanded flexibility in design and control of Traybot. The Bioplex study found that Traybot's role is crucial to survival in space habitats.
General Strategy for Broadening Adenovirus Tropism

ABSTRACT In spite of its broad host range, adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) transduces a number of clinically relevant tissues and cell types inefficiently, mostly because of low expression of the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR). To improve gene transfer to such cells, we modified the Ad5 fiber knob to recognize novel receptors. We expressed a functional Ad5 fiber knob domain on the capsid of phage λ and employed this display system to construct a large collection of ligands in the HI loop of the Ad5 knob. Panning this library on the CAR-negative mouse fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 resulted in the identification of three clones with increased binding to these cells. Adenoviruses incorporating these ligands in the fiber gene transduced NIH 3T3 cells 2 or 3 orders of magnitude better than the parent vector. The same nonnative tropism was revealed in other cell types, independently of CAR expression. These Ad5 derivatives proved capable of transducing mouse and human primary immature dendritic cells with up to 100-fold increased efficiency.
Autophagy Driven by a Master Regulator of Hematopoiesis

ABSTRACT Developmental and homeostatic remodeling of cellular organelles is mediated by a complex process termed autophagy. The cohort of proteins that constitute the autophagy machinery functions in a multistep biochemical pathway. Though components of the autophagy machinery are broadly expressed, autophagy can occur in specialized cellular contexts, and mechanisms underlying cell-type-specific autophagy are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the master regulator of hematopoiesis, GATA-1, directly activates transcription of genes encoding the essential autophagy component microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and its homologs (MAP1LC3A, GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GATE-16). In addition, GATA-1 directly activates genes involved in the biogenesis/function of lysosomes, which mediate autophagic protein turnover. We demonstrate that GATA-1 utilizes the forkhead protein FoxO3 to activate select autophagy genes. GATA-1-dependent LC3B induction is tightly coupled to accumulation of the active form of LC3B and autophagosomes, which mediate mitochondrial clearance as a critical step in erythropoiesis. These results illustrate a novel mechanism by which a master regulator of development establishes a genetic network to instigate cell-type-specific autophagy.
Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Above Total Knee Replacements

Abstract Periprosthetic femoral fractures above total knee replacements can be managed by a variety of methods, including casting, open reduction and internal fixation, external fixation, or revision arthroplasty. Because no single method has emerged as the optimal choice for all such fractures, it is important to understand which options are appropriate for each fracture pattern. Early classification systems focused on displacement as a major indication for either surgical or nonsurgical management. However, recent techniques and current implants have made surgical management preferable for most periprosthetic fractures. Classification based on fracture location can help guide such treatment. Generally, intramedullary nails are best for proximal fractures, fixed‐angle devices for fractures originating at the component, and revision arthroplasty for very distal fractures or those with implant loosening.
Implementation of a PID control PWM module on altera DE0 kit using FPGA

The main aim of this paper is to design PID control PWM module using field programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. FPGA based realization offers high speed, complex functionality, consume less power, and provides parallel processing. In this paper, we have implemented PID control PWM module on programmable logic design software Quartus II and verified on DE0 Nano Board (Cyclone IV FPGA family of company Altera). Signal Tap II analyzer and RTL viewer are used for analyzing and debugging the design. For Proper timing constraint and clock arrangement, Time Quest analyzer is used. The simulation and hardware results shows that implementation with FPGA has some advantages such as flexible design, high reliability and high speed.
HIV Vaccines: A Brief Overview

The scope of the article is to review the different approaches that have been used for HIV vaccines. The review is based on articles retrieved by PubMed and clinical trials from 1990 up to date. The article discusses virus complexity, protective and non‐protective immune responses against the virus, and the most important approaches for HIV vaccine development.
Two-dimensional Gait Analysis Using a Tracking Software on a Three-dimensional Projection

Gait analysis is the methodic measurement and evaluation of all the different factors that affect human locomotion. It can be applied for rehabilitation purposes and lower the risks of injuries. Modern technology has lead to an amount of precise methods of executing gait analysis. The disadvantages with these are that they often are expensive and only available at a few specially built locations. The need for an inexpensive, yet reliable and portable solution that can analyze gait are there. This study focuses on a method including four laser diodes which are tracked using a specially designed software. The laser diodes are located on each shoulder of the test subject and attached to a helmet. The laser diodes form a projection which are recorded with a video camera. The recordings are then analyzed in Matlab. An analysis is then done trying to distinguish differences in the motion patterns. However, this novel method should be further tested prior to use.
An Annexin 1 N-Terminal Peptide Activates Leukocytes by Triggering Different Members of the Formyl Peptide Receptor Family1

The human N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) is a key modulator of chemotaxis directing granulocytes toward sites of bacterial infections. FPR is the founding member of a subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors thought to function in inflammatory processes. The other two members, FPR-like (FPRL)1 and FPRL2, have a greatly reduced affinity for bacterial peptides or do not bind them at all, with FPRL2 being considered an orphan receptor so far. In this study we show that a peptide derived from the N-terminal domain of the anti-inflammatory protein annexin 1 (lipocortin 1) can activate all three FPR family members at similar concentrations. The annexin 1 peptide initiates chemotactic responses in human monocytes that express all three FPR family members and also desensitizes the cells toward subsequent stimulation with bacterial peptide agonists. Experiments using HEK 293 cells stably expressing a single FPR family member reveal that all three receptors can be activated and desensitized by the N-terminal annexin 1 peptide. These observations identify the annexin 1 peptide as the first endogenous ligand of FPRL2 and indicate that annexin 1 participates in regulating leukocyte emigration into inflamed tissue by activating and desensitizing different receptors of the FPR family.
Transport Intensity and Energy Efficiency: Analysis of Policy Implications of Coupling and Decoupling

© 2012 Mraihi, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Transport Intensity and Energy Efficiency: Analysis of Policy Implications of Coupling and Decoupling
Repeat maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein testing in antenatal screening programmes for Down's syndrome

Summary. The risk of having a Down's syndrome term pregnancy was estimated using maternal age and the results of two maternal serum alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) tests carried out between 14 and 20 weeks gestation. The estimates of risk were derived from published data and the AFP results from nine affected and 145 unaffected pregnancies in which repeat testing had been carried out. Repeat AFP testing is unjustified in antenatal screening programmes for Down's syndrome, but if a second test happens to have been done, the appropriate estimate of risk that would be applicable when counselling individual patients depends on both results. For example a woman aged 35 years and 6 months with a first AFP level of 0–50 multiples of the normal median (MoM) was estimated to have a risk of 1:172. If a second test were done on a fresh sample and the AFP level were 0·80 MoM then the estimated risk would be 1:216 which is higher than the estimated risk of 1:353 obtained if the second test were regarded as the only result. Estimates of risk are given for maternal serum AFP results in first and second tests ranging from 0·40 to 2·50 MoM.
Ten‐year secular changes in muscular fitness in English children

1.Faculty of Life Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, UK2.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK3.Centre for Research in Human Development, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, CanadaCorrespondenceDD Cohen, Faculty of Life Sciences, London Metro-politan University, London, UK.Tel: +44 207 133 4687 |Fax: +44 0207 133 4149 |Email: d.cohen@londonmet.ac. ukReceived8 October 2010; revised 25 February 2011;accepted 8 April 2011.DOI:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011. 02318.x
Android based wireless gesture controlled robot

In this paper we propose a framework for the implementation of an android based wireless gesture controlled robot. There is great demand for robotic systems in regions of operation where a direct human intervention is not possible either because of redundant nature of the task or due to the harmful nature of the region of operation. There is a constant need in the robotic industry for an improved efficiency, accessibility and accuracy in the operation of the robotic systems. In this context we propose a color segmentation based gesture controlled robot along with an ultrasonic sensor to monitor the 3D spatial coordinates in region of operation. The gesture controlled robot is implemented using Bluetooth communication protocol and tested under various conditions of lighting.
Relay multiplexing enhancement using a nonreciprocal antenna array

We introduce the concept of a nonreciprocal relay for multi-user communication in a cluttered environment. This relay is based on a nonreciprocal antenna array system that receives and transmits in different directions of space according to communication requirements. This relay features much higher gain than its conventional reciprocal and omnidirectional counterpart, where power is lost in undesired directions due to reciprocity. The proposed relay is demonstrated using in three-user downlink system design so as to receive and transmit uniquely in the appropriate directions.
Architecture of automatic monitoring system for fresh food quality using wireless sensor network

An automatic monitoring system for fresh food quality is being developed. The system consists of several sensor nodes that measure the temperature of the product samples and the surrounding environment and transmit the result via wireless in 2.4 GHz frequency to the central station. It is developed in order to have fully automatic monitoring system in which the operator will be able to remotely monitor the productpsilas quality. The low-cost, small-sized and battery-powered sensor nodes make them easy to be distributed. This easiness will increase the scalability of the products that can be monitored and reduce the overall operational cost with respect to the manual measurement using wired sensor devices.
Fast average current mode control of dual-active-bridge DC-DC converter using cycle-by-cycle sensing and self-calibrated digital feedforward

The Dual-Active-Bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter is commonly used in isolated and bi-directional applications. The use of high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADCs) in high-bandwidth current mode controllers is costly for on-chip implementation. Furthermore, inductor current sensing is susceptible to interference from switching noise and can cause false over-current protection triggers. The DAB converter also has a slow response time using conventional linear PI compensators. Two solutions are demonstrated to tackle these challenges: 1) a cycle-by-cycle analog integrator with synchronous reset for input current averaging to mitigate noise susceptibility and eliminate the need for oversampling ADCs, and a 2) feedforward based controller with self-calibration to drastically decrease the settling time of the DAB converter for large step transients. The proposed system is implemented on a 500W, 95.9% efficient DAB converter prototype. The results show a 600× improvement in response time compared with the traditional PI based average current mode control.
Incoherent Rotation In Barium Ferrite Thin Film Recording Media

The angular dependence of the remanent magnetic properties of uniaxially in-plane oriented barium ferrite films were found to deviate significantly from the Stoner-Wohlfarth (SW) coherent rotation model. The in-plane torque and the rotational hysteresis were studied in both aligned and randomly oriented films. They were found to be different from that calculated from the SW coherent rotation model, and suggested incoherent rotation of magnetization during the switching process. Incoherent rotation was found to be dependent on grain size and intergranular interactions.
The Evolution of Hermaphroditism Among Animals

Possible selective advantages, including some new ones, for hermaphroditism are reviewed. It is proposed that hermaphroditism should evolve under the following conditions: (a) where it is hard to find a mate; (b) where one sex benefits from being larger or smaller than the other; or (c) where there are small, genetically isolated populations. Some conceptual problems and a comparative means of study are discussed. The literature is reviewed to show the conditions under which hermaphroditism may have evolved. It is concluded that all thee explanations have some validity.
Assessing the outcomes of prolonged cessation-induction and aid-to-cessation trials: floating prolonged abstinence.

INTRODUCTION A Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco working group recommended outcome measures for cessation-induction trials and aid-to-cessation trials. Cessation-induction trials aim to motivate unwilling quitters to make a quit attempt. Aid-to-cessation trials give either medication or behavioral interventions to increase the rate at which willing quitters succeed in their attempts. Nicotine-assisted reduction programs combine features of both types of interventions by giving nicotine replacement to unwilling quitters. Treatment can be prolonged more than a year, quit attempts can occur and succeed early or late in the program, and renewed quit attempts are an inherent part of the program. Conventional outcome measures are tied to a fixed but arbitrary point in follow-up and cannot capture the true outcome: Prolonged cessation anchored to the point at which a person makes a successful quit attempt. DISCUSSION We propose that the outcome should be counted from the successful quit attempt that began during the treatment period and continues for a defined period, ideally 6 months. In particular, if a trial compared a short reduction program with a long reduction program, it would not be possible to obtain an unbiased assessment of the outcome of such a trial using a measure tied to a fixed point in follow-up. Floating prolonged abstinence could provide such an assessment and is suitable for either prolonged cessation-induction trial or combined cessation-induction and aid-to-cessation trials.
Experiments in speech driven question answering

In this paper we present a system that allows users to obtain the answer to a given spoken question expressed in natural language. A large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer is used to transcribe the spoken question into text. Then, a question answering engine is used to obtain the answer to the question. Some improvements over the baseline system were proposed in order to adapt the output of the speech recognizer to the question answering engine: capitalized output from the speech recognizer and a language model for questions. System performance was evaluated using a standard question answering test suite from CLEF. Results showed that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline system both in WER and in over-all system accuracy.
Radiofrequency Dosimetry for the Ferris-Wheel Mouse Exposure System

Abstract Faraone, A. , Luengas, W. , Chebrolu, S. , Ballen, M. , Bit-Babik, G. , Gessner, A. V. , Kanda, M. Y. , Babij, T. , Swicord, M. L. and Chou, C-K. Radiofrequency Dosimetry for the Ferris-Wheel Mouse Exposure System. Radiat. Res. 165, 105–112 (2006). Numerical and experimental methods were employed to assess the individual and collective dosimetry of mice used in a bioassay on the exposure to pulsed radiofrequency energy at 900 MHz in the Ferris-wheel exposure system (Utteridge et al., Radiat. Res. 158, 357–364, 2002). Twin-well calorimetry was employed to measure the whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) of mice for three body masses (23 g, 32 g and 36 g) to determine the lifetime exposure history of the mice used in the bioassay. Calorimetric measurements showed about 95% exposure efficiency and lifetime average whole-body SARs of 0.21, 0.86, 1.7 and 3.4 W kg−1 for the four exposure groups. A larger statistical variation in SAR was observed in the smallest mice because they had the largest variation in posture inside the plastic restrainers. Infrared thermography provided SAR distributions over the sagittal plane of mouse cadavers. Thermograms typically showed SAR peaks in the abdomen, neck and head. The peak local SAR at these locations, determined by thermometric measurements, showed peak-to-average SAR ratios below 6:1, with typical values around 3:1. Results indicate that the Ferris wheel fulfills the requirement of providing a robust exposure setup, allowing uniform collective lifetime exposure of mice.
Control of biofouling by Cordylophora caspia in freshwater using one-off, pulsed and intermittent dosing of chlorine: laboratory evaluation

Cordylophora caspia is a hydrozoan which causes biofouling in power plants and is an increasing problem in UK drinking water treatment works. Thermal control is not usually feasible without a ready source of hot water so laboratory experiments were conducted to assess whether using pulsed doses of chlorine is an alternative solution. C. caspia polyps disintegrated after a single 20 min dose (the length of one backwash cycle in water treatment work filter beds) of 2.5 ppm chlorine. Without further treatment colonies regenerated within 3 days, but repeated dosing with chlorine for 20 min each day inhibited this regeneration. The resistance of surviving colonies to chlorine increased over time, although colony size and polyp regeneration continued to fall. These results suggest pulsed treatment with chlorinated backwashes at 2 ppm could be used to control C. caspia biofouling in rapid gravity filters and this may have relevance to other settings where thermal control is not feasible.