Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low Mach Number Fluctuating Hydrodynamics for Electrolytes

We formulate and study computationally the low Mach number fluctuating hydrodynamic equations for electrolyte solutions. We are interested in studying transport in mixtures of charged species at the mesoscale, down to scales below the Debye length, where thermal fluctuations have a significant impact on the dynamics. Continuing our previous work on fluctuating hydrodynamics of multicomponent mixtures of incompressible isothermal miscible liquids (A. Donev, et al., Physics of Fluids, 27, 3, 2015), we now include the effect of charged species using a quasielectrostatic approximation. Localized charges create an electric field, which in turn provides additional forcing in the mass and momentum equations. Our low Mach number formulation eliminates sound waves from the fully compressible formulation and leads to a more computationally efficient quasi-incompressible formulation. We demonstrate our ability to model saltwater (NaCl) solutions in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium settings. We show that our algorithm is second-order in the deterministic setting, and for length scales much greater than the Debye length gives results consistent with an electroneutral/ambipolar approximation. In the stochastic setting, our model captures the predicted dynamics of equilibrium and nonequilibrium fluctuations. We also identify and model an instability that appears when diffusive mixing occurs in the presence of an applied electric field.
Extractive Summarization Using Supervised and Semi-Supervised Learning

It is difficult to identify sentence importance from a single point of view. In this paper, we propose a learning-based approach to combine various sentence features. They are categorized as surface, content, relevance and event features. Surface features are related to extrinsic aspects of a sentence. Content features measure a sentence based on content-conveying words. Event features represent sentences by events they contained. Relevance features evaluate a sentence from its relatedness with other sentences. Experiments show that the combined features improved summarization performance significantly. Although the evaluation results are encouraging, supervised learning approach requires much labeled data. Therefore we investigate co-training by combining labeled and unlabeled data. Experiments show that this semi-supervised learning approach achieves comparable performance to its supervised counterpart and saves about half of the labeling time cost.
Face Image Synthesis and Interpretation Using 3D Illumination-Based AAM Models

One of the more exciting and unsolved problems in computer vision nowadays is automatic, fast and full interpretation of face images under variable conditions of lighting and pose. Interpretation is the inference of knowledge from an image. This knowledge covers relevant information, such as 3D shape and albedo, both related to the identity, but also information about physical factors which affect appearance of faces, such as pose and lighting. Interpretation of faces not only should be limited to retrieve the aforementioned pieces of information, but also, it should be capable of synthesizing novel facial images in which some of these pieces of information have been modified. This kind of interpretation can be achieved by using the paradigm known as analysis by synthesis, see Figure 1. Ideally, an approach based on analysis by synthesis, should consist of a generative facial parametric model that codes all the sources of appearance variation separately and independently, and an optimization algorithm which systematically varies the model parameters until the synthetic image produced by the model is as similar as possible to the test image, also called input image. A full interpretation approach should include the recovery of 3D shape, 3D pose, albedo and lighting from a single face image which exhibits any possible combination of these sources of variation. Active appearance models, or simply AAMs (Cootes et al. (2001); Edwards et al. (1998); Matthews & Baker (2004)), with respect to other approaches, represent a fast alternative to perform face interpretation using the analysis by synthesis paradigm. Texture and shape, are attributes modeled by AAMs by using statistic tools such as principal components analysis or shortly PCA. However, the apparent texture of a face is an implicit combination of lighting and albedo. The separation process of these two attributes is not an easy task within the context of sparse models, like AAMs. AAMs use a sparse set of vertices which outline the shape. Texture is interpolated over that shape. In fact, a detailed dense set of surface normals, which is not available in AAMs, is required to perform the separation of lighting and albedo. On the other hand, texture and shape variation among human faces is relatively small when uniform lighting is considered. AAMs take advantage of this fact by supposing a constant relationship between changes of appearance and the variation of the model parameters producing those changes. This approximately constant relationship is a constant gradient which is used for performing fast fitting to input images. However, for most purposes, lighting is not uniform, and a proper separation of albedo and lighting becomes necessary. In a similar way as is texture variation in uniform lighting, albedo variation among human 4
Quantifying Security of Supply

1 Summary Security of Supply is considered as one of the key objectives of European Energy Policy besides Climate Change and Economic Efficiency. Yet there are only few studies which attempt to quantify the term. In addition, quantitative studies are split between authors that look at technical risk and more recently also intermittency risks, usually using probabilistic models, and those focusing on risks caused by human actors, mostly using non-probabilistic approaches. While there are models in both groups that produce a useful output metric, there is a lack of models that analyse the combined impact of natural, technical and political risk sources with a focus on possible interactions. In our paper we aim to bridge this gap. We propose a framework that measures the economic value of energy security by linking the output of existing strategic models with a new model of disruption risk, which analyses the combined impact of natural, technical and human risk sources taking into account possible interdependencies between them. The goal of this research is to answer the following questions:  What is the security level provided by different infrastructure options? Countries must decide between different portfolios of energy supply infrastructure. In order to take this decision properly, a cost-benefit analysis of the available options is required. While
UM Paging: Unified M2M Paging with Optimal DRX Cycle

In Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, devices can automatically communicate with each other without any intervention by humans. However, LTE-A is primarily designed and optimized for Human-to-Human (H2H) communications. Even though LTE-A has defined Machine-Type Communications (MTC), several parts are still undefined or follow the existing H2H standards. Specifically, the existing paging mechanism in LTE-A will substantially increase the computational load and signaling overhead of the system when there are many M2M devices. Therefore, we propose an effective solution to mitigate this problem. Compared with the traditional paging mechanism defined in LTE-A, the proposed solution can save more energy for M2M devices, reduce signaling overhead and alleviate the network's load significantly.
Inter-organisational learning Lotka-Volterra modelling of different types of relationships

In this paper, we propose a simple model, based on Lotka-Volterra system, to simulate knowledge building in various configurations of inter-organisational partnerships. This model allows to differentiate the impacts of internal interactions and external collaborations on knowledge growth in an organisation. Following the type of partnership, i.e. competition, symbiosis or predation, we analyse the efficiency of interorganisational knowledge building on a long-term perspective. The only relationship that demonstrates a long-term interest in the building of strictly new knowledge is predation. This kind of relationship allows large and lean organisations to complete their exploitative capabilities with explorative skills coming from small and agile organisations. Through such a relationship, a balance between exploration and exploitation can be found. This approach is a first step in a research dedicated to the study of complex adaptive systems, a well-suited framework to analyse management phenomena occurring at the edge of chaos, between stability and instability.
Granular jets and hydraulic jumps on an inclined plane

A jet of granular material impinging on an inclined plane produces a diverse range of flows, from steady hydraulic jumps to periodic avalanches, self-channelised flows and pile collapse behaviour. We describe the various flow regimes and study in detail a steady-state flow, in which the jet generates a closed teardrop-shaped hydraulic jump on the plane, enclosing a region of fast-moving radial flow. On shallower slopes, a second steady regime exists in which the shock is not teardrop-shaped, but exhibits a more complex ‘blunted’ shape with a steadily breaking wave. We explain these regimes by consideration of the supercritical or subcritical nature of the flow surrounding the shock. A model is developed in which the impact of the jet on the inclined plane is treated as an inviscid flow, which is then coupled to a depth-integrated model for the resulting thin granular avalanche on the inclined plane. Numerical simulations produce a flow regime diagram strikingly similar to that obtained in experiments, with the model correctly reproducing the regimes and their dependence on the jet velocity and slope angle. The size and shape of the steady experimental shocks and the location of sub- and supercritical flow regions are also both accurately predicted. We find that the physics underlying the rapid flow inside the shock is dominated by depth-averaged mass and momentum transport, with granular friction, pressure gradients and three-dimensional aspects of the flow having comparatively little effect. Further downstream, the flow is governed by a friction–gravity balance, and some flow features, such as a persistent indentation in the free surface, are not reproduced in the numerical solutions. On planes inclined at a shallow angle, the effect of stationary granular material becomes important in the flow evolution, and oscillatory and more general time-dependent flows are observed. The hysteretic transition between static and dynamic friction leads to two phenomena observed in the flows: unsteady avalanching behaviour, and the feedback from static grains on the flowing region, leading to levéed, self-channelised flows.
Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin-based lectin blot analysis distinguishes between glycosylation patterns in various cancer cell lines

The analysis of altered glycosylation patterns may provide biomarkers for various types of cancer. The present study developed a Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin (PPA)-based lectin blot analysis technique, which was used to analyze the glycosylation patterns in various types of cancer cells. Results showed that a typical band located between 47 and 85 kDa was obtained in the HL60 leukemia cells, whereas three typical bands located between 20 and 47 kDa were observed in the Kasumi-1 leukemia cells. For the PLC, BEL-7404, Huh7 and H1299 solid tumor cell lines, different band patterns were detected, with bands typically located between 55 and 100 kDa. The findings of the present study show that PPA-based lectin blot analysis is capable of distinguishing between glycosylation patterns in leukemia and solid tumor cell lines. The glycofiles detected using PPA-based lectin blot analysis may provide a ‘glycosylation fingerprint’ for a variety of cancer cells, which may be valuable for cancer prognosis and diagnosis.
Design of a high-level language machine*

There is at present a broad consensus that a capability-based architecture is the best approach to safe systems. 5 , 3 , 6 However, at the bare hardware level, a machine should provide for a set of basic mechanisms (e.g. processor assignment, manipulation of queues of processes, definition of and manipulation on domains) without prejudging of any policy to be applied to these elements. The internal structure of the objects referred to by capabilities, the way they are organized into capability lists and the evolution of these lists in relation to various events appearing throughout the life of a program and of its possible activations should appear at some higher level, so that they can be modified without disturbing the hardware. This demands flexibility (the capability for emulating, for instance), adaptability (to future modifications) or the ability to define a machine which could be orientated, on demand, toward a certain class of applications (see for instance, the Burroughs B1700 approach). In the following, we shall be concerned mainly with this level, which we shall call "virtual architecture level. " Considering a basic architecture, which we describe briefly, we define a virtual architecture for higher-level languages (namely PL/1, COBOL, FORTRAN and the system implementation language LIS, 13 ) called the HLL-machine in this discussion. The objectives of the HLL-machine are the following: • To define a virtual architecture as clean and homogeneous as possible, on which compilers may become more simple, and debugging aids more powerful. • To define a minimum of intermediate languages, ideally, just one, for supporting PL/1, COBOL and FORTRAN. • To define a set of run-time mechanisms enforcing safety. • To obtain more compact object programs, as compared to third generation computer systems, so as to reduce the working sets of programs. • To abide by the error confinement principle, which states that a procedure should not have at its disposal more capabilities than actually required for its execution. • To improve overall system performance.
Real-Time Implementation of Locality Sensitive Hashing Using NI WSN and LabVIEW for Outlier Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Outlier detection is one of the major challenges in wireless sensor networks. To the best of our knowledge, not many have evaluated the performance of outlier detection algorithms in real time. This paper proposes a real time hardware implementation of outlier detection using locality sensitive hashing algorithm for temperature data and evaluated both in indoor and outdoor environments. NI WSN 3202 programmable nodes and NI 9792 programmable gateway is used for hardware implementation of the algorithm and LabVIEWTM software is used for programming the nodes. The LSH technique detects outliers based on the threshold value. Hence the outlier detection accuracy and precision are analyzed for various threshold values and the optimal threshold value is selected.
A Method to Realize Rate-adaptive Function in Pacemakers Based on Accelerometer Sensors

We have developed a method to realize rate-adaptive function in pacemakers, which can greatly improve patients' exercise capacity. In our method, an accelerometer is employed to collect patients' acceleration signals along moving direction, according to which efficient algorithms are applied afterwards for activity estimate. Further analysis indicates an approximate linear relationship between human metabolic level and normal sinus rate. Therefore, we imitate a similar relationship between activity estimate and target pacing rate in our algorithm. We also need a strategy of smooth transition instead of immediately changing the current pacing rate to the target pacing rate. Treadmill tests are applied to verify the performance of our rate-adaptive system. Compared with an Impulse pacemaker from Medtronic Inc., we find the pacing rate yielded by our system in great conformity with that yielded by the Impulse pacemaker, especially when testers experience moderate exercise. The results validate our proposed method for rate-adaptive function.
The ethics of corporate governance: A (South) African perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the developments in South African corporate governance since the end of apartheid, with a view to identifying themes and points of convergence and/or divergence with other models.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a critical review of South African corporate governance in the context of political and economic developments. Where relevant, aspects of corporate governance theory (in particular the stakeholder and shareholder debate) are considered in the South African context.Findings – South African corporate governance can be seen to broadly follow Anglo‐American examples with the notable exception of the stakeholder approach of the two King reports. This approach emphasises the responsibilities of companies to various stakeholders and encourages stakeholder engagement as an integral element of company strategy. There has not, however, been any substantial incorporation of stakeholder interests into formal corporate governance structures such .
Relative clauses in Hindi and Arabic: A Paninian Dependency Grammar Analysis

We present a comparative analysis of relative clauses in Hindi and Arabic in the tradition of the Paninian Grammar Framework (Bharati et al., 1996b) which leads to deriving a common logical form for equivalent sentences. Parallels are drawn between the Hindi co-relative construction and resumptive pronouns in Arabic. The analysis arises from the development of lexicalised dependency grammars for Hindi and Arabic that have application for machine translation.
Methodological Framework for Freeband Services Development

platform characteristics and the characteristics of modelling languages adopted for a design are interrelated. For example, let us suppose a designer chooses to use SDL [41] to represent platformindependent designs. This language provides the “agent” structuring construct: an “agent” is an entity that can exhibit reactive behaviour and communicates with other “agents” by exchanging “signals” asynchronously. If a designer models application parts as “agents” that interact with other application parts through “signals”, this use of SDL implicitly defines an abstract platform that supports reliable asynchronous message exchange. One might be tempted to believe that all relevant characteristics of a design’s abstract platform can be derived from the concepts underlying the modelling language adopted for the design. However, abstract platform characteristics may depend on restrictions on the use of particular constructs in a modelling language or the use of certain modelling styles or patterns. In the example above, several modelling choices have been made by the designer with respect to which constructs to use for modelling application parts and their interaction. An alternative and equally valid usage of SDL might define that all application parts modelled using “agents” must interact by broadcasting “signals” to all other application parts. Furthermore, in the general case, it is not possible to derive the set of modelling constructs that can actually be used by observing specific models of applications. Specific models only reveal the set of constructs that are used in particular combinations. For example, in the SDL examples above, it is impossible to know what “types” of “signals” may be exchanged between application parts. A model of a specific application will reveal the “types” actually used in the application. Without further definition of the abstract platform, one may have to assume that all “types” allowed by the language can be used (without restriction), and, hence, that all “types” are supported by the abstract platform. We conclude that even using the same modelling language, with the same set of underlying concepts, a designer might implicitly define different abstract platforms. Therefore, it is necessary that the designer clearly document the styles and restrictions applied on the language, so that the intended abstract platform can be determined explicitly and unambiguously. We call this approach language-level abstract platform definition. This approach is illustrated schematically in Figure 3.11, where concepts are represented as geometric forms.
Effect of R&D Tax Credits for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Japan: Evidence from firm-level data

Although numerous studies have evaluated the effect of tax credits on R&D, many have neglected the problem of selection bias. Furthermore, empirical studies have found that Japan's total factor productivity (TFP) growth has slowed since the 1990s, and Kim et al. (2010) have attributed this slowdown partly to low R&D expenditures among small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Evidence suggests that enhancing R&D among small firms is essential for Japan's economic growth. This paper estimates the effect of R&D tax credits for SMEs using firm-level micro data from "The 2009 Basic Survey of Small and Medium Enterprises. " We use the propensity score method introduced by Rubin (1974), in which recipients of tax credits are matched with the most similar non-recipients. Empirical results show that R&D tax credits induce an increase in SMEs' R&D expenditures. Moreover, we find that the effect of R&D tax credits on liquidity-constrained firms is much greater than on firms without liquidity constraints.
Efficacy of Massage Therapy on Pain and Dysfunction in Patients with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. To systematically evaluate the evidence of whether massage therapy (MT) is effective for neck pain. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified through searches of 5 English and Chinese databases (to December 2012). The search terms included neck pain, neck disorders, cervical vertebrae, massage, manual therapy, Tuina, and random. In addition, we performed hand searches at the library of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed the methodological quality of RCTs by PEDro scale. And the meta-analyses of improvements on pain and neck-related function were conducted. Results. Fifteen RCTs met inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that MT experienced better immediate effects on pain relief compared with inactive therapies (n = 153; standardised mean difference (SMD), 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09 to 2.50; P = 0.03) and traditional Chinese medicine (n = 125; SMD, 0.73; 95% CI 0.13 to 1.33; P = 0.02). There was no valid evidence of MT on improving dysfunction. With regard to follow-up effects, there was not enough evidence of MT for neck pain. Conclusions. This systematic review found moderate evidence of MT on improving pain in patients with neck pain compared with inactive therapies and limited evidence compared with traditional Chinese medicine. There were no valid lines of evidence of MT on improving dysfunction. High quality RCTs are urgently needed to confirm these results and continue to compare MT with other active therapies for neck pain.
Collaborative Development of a PLE for Language Learning

This paper provides a report on the experimental collaborative and distributed development of a prototypic Widget-based PLE. The development process is described and detailed taking into account the requirements of a language learning scenario. First results are presented, and developer experiences are discussed critically with a focus on the development process as well as problems with current Widget technologies and interoperability