Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ATAXIN-2 Activates PERIOD Translation to Sustain Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila

ATAXIN Clock Although core components of circadian clocks in flies and mammals are transcriptional circuits, recent evidence indicates posttranscriptional regulation of the clock occurs. Studies from Lim and Allada (p. 875) and Zhang et al. (p. 879) converge to show that the protein ATAXIN-2, associated with neurodegenerative diseases in humans, is a regulator of translation required for normal clock function in pacemaker neurons and for daily rhythms of behavior. ATAXIN is an RNA-binding protein and cooperates in the accumulation of the Per (Period) protein, a core transcriptional regulatory component of the clock. Fruit fly circadian clock function requires protein translation regulated by an RNA-binding protein. Evidence for transcriptional feedback in circadian timekeeping is abundant, yet little is known about the mechanisms underlying translational control. We found that ATAXIN-2 (ATX2), an RNA-associated protein involved in neurodegenerative disease, is a translational activator of the rate-limiting clock component PERIOD (PER) in Drosophila. ATX2 specifically interacted with TWENTY-FOUR (TYF), an activator of PER translation. RNA interference–mediated depletion of Atx2 or the expression of a mutant ATX2 protein that does not associate with polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) suppressed behavioral rhythms and decreased abundance of PER. Although ATX2 can repress translation, depletion of Atx2 from Drosophila S2 cells inhibited translational activation by RNA-tethered TYF and disrupted the association between TYF and PABP. Thus, ATX2 coordinates an active translation complex important for PER expression and circadian rhythms.
Reputation-Based Internet Sharing in Wireless Neighborhood Community Networks

This paper proposes easily applicable distributed reputation-based policies to motivate users of a wireless community to share their Internet connection in a p2p fashion. The goal is the provision of free and good quality Internet access anytime and anywhere inside the community. We study general systems of users with different contribution and consumption profiles and show via an extensive simulation study that when our reputation-based allocation scheme is applied, mobile users enjoy a QoS Internet connection from their community in proportion to their cooperation level; the more greedy for community resources users are, the more contributive they should be to satisfy their needs.
Scenario Analysis of Chinese Power Demands and Uncertainty Assessment Based on the LEAP Model

The energy situation in China is full of coal and short of oil and natural gas.The power system will determine the future of energy transition and carbon reduction in China.Power demand analysis is the prerequisite and foundation of power system analysis.The Energy Demand Module of Long-range Energy Alternative Planning model(LEAP) divides the power demand sector into the residential sector,four high-power-intensified sector(iron and steel,ammonia,aluminum and cement),the service sector,and other sectors.Here,three scenarios are established:strengthen electrization scenario,reference scenario,and weak electrization scenario.By reviewing current research,parameters that influence the power demand will be set in the year 2020,2030,2040 and 2050 and China's power demand will be calculated by the LEAP algorithm.In order to evaluate the uncertainty of the reference scenario results,this paper will also establish the probability distribution of each parameter and derive the overall probability distribution of the power demand using the Monte Carlo Method.We found that China's power demand will grow slower than it has in the past ten years under the reference scenario.From 2010 to 2050,the power demand will first grow quickly and then slow;the numbers under the reference scenario in each year will be 5004 TWh,6418.65 TWh,8095.83 TWh and 9443.16 TWh.Power demand under the strengthen electrization scenario will be 20%~45% higher than the reference scenario,and the number under the weak electrization scenario will be 15%~35% lower.To 2050,the demands under three scenarios are 13573.6 TWh,9443.2 TWh,and 6578.57 TWh.Based on a 95% confidence interval,the uncertainty of the reference scenario in each year will be less than 11%,but will increase as time moves forward,which,in detail,are:2020:5004.00-7.70%~5004.00+4.26%;2030:6418.65-6.23%~6418.65+10.1%;2040:8095.83-8.12%~8095.83+9.41%;2050:9443.16-10.7%~9443.16+10.32%. Our sensitivity analysis shows that each year the key source of the uncertainty varies:before 2030 the main uncertainty comes from adjustment of the industrial structure and after 2030 the main uncertainty comes from the overall GDP growth rate and the energy consumption module of the residential sector and service sector.
Identification and Manipulation of Soil Properties To Improve the Biological Control Performance of Phenazine-Producing Pseudomonas fluorescens

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas fluorescens 2-79RN10 protects wheat against take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici; however, the level of protection in the field varies from site to site. Identification of soil factors that exert the greatest influence on disease suppression is essential to improving biocontrol. In order to assess the relative importance of 28 soil properties on take-all suppression, seeds were treated with strain 2-79RN10 (which produces phenazine-1-carboxylate [PCA+]) or a series of mutants with PCA+ and PCA− phenotypes. Bacterized seeds were planted in 10 soils, representative of the wheat-growing region in the Pacific Northwest. Sixteen soil properties were correlated with disease suppression. Biocontrol activity of PCA+ strains was positively correlated with ammonium-nitrogen, percent sand, soil pH, sodium (extractable and soluble), sulfate-sulfur, and zinc. In contrast, biocontrol was negatively correlated with cation-exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable acidity, iron, manganese, percent clay, percent organic matter (OM), percent silt, total carbon, and total nitrogen. Principal component factor analysis of the 16 soil properties identified a three-component solution that accounted for 87 percent of the variance in disease rating (biocontrol). A model was identified with step-wise regression analysis (R2 = 0.96; Cp statistic = 6.17) that included six key soil properties: ammonium-nitrogen, CEC, iron, percent silt, soil pH, and zinc. As predicted by our regression model, the biocontrol activity of 2-79RN10 was improved by amending a soil low in Zn with 50 μg of zinc-EDTA/g of soil. We then investigated the negative correlation of OM with disease suppression and found that addition of OM (as wheat straw) at rates typical of high-OM soils significantly reduced biocontrol activity of 2-79RN10.
Use of Molecular Assays in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Cytomegalovirus Disease following Renal Transplantation

ABSTRACT We compared two commercial molecular assays (the Murex Hybrid Capture CMV DNA assay [HCA], version 2, and the Roche Amplicor plasma PCR assay) with a standard shell vial assay in detecting and predicting cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in a group of renal transplant patients and assessed the role of viral load measurements (using the HCA) in their management. The sensitivity of the HCA and Amplicor assay in terms of disease detection was 100%, compared to 71% for the shell vial assay. Both the HCA and the PCR assay detected all cases of disease, at medians of 11 and 12.5 days before the onset of symptoms, respectively. Significantly higher viral loads were detected in those patients with symptoms (7.9 × 105 copies/ml) than in patients without symptoms (7.9 × 104 copies/ml;P < 0.0001). There was also a trend towards higher viral loads in those patients with primary infections (7.8 × 105 copies/ml) than in those patients with reactivations of CMV disease or reinfections. Successful treatment with ganciclovir was associated with a >90% reduction in viral load. Both of these new assays are sensitive and easy to use. A comparison of accurate quantitation is also useful in monitoring responses to antiviral therapy.
Optimized Multi-Antenna Broadcasting for Heterogeneous Delay-Constrained Traffic

This paper studies the information-theoretic limits for the fading multiple-input single-output broadcast channel (MISO-BC) for support of data traffic with heterogeneous transmission delay requirements. First, this paper derives the optimal dynamic resource allocation algorithm for simultaneous transmission of both delay-tolerant "packet" data and delay-sensitive "circuit" data by applying a two-layer Lagrange-duality method. Secondly, this paper investigates the fundamental throughput-delay tradeoff for the fading MISO-BC by characterizing the network throughput loss under minimal versus completely relaxed transmission delay constraint, termed the delay penalty, associated with dynamic resource allocation.
Antecedents and consequence of entrepreneurial alertness in franchise chain

This paper elaborated Kirznerpsilas concept of entrepreneurial alertness by three antecedents: awareness, motivation, and capability. These antecedents and the consequences of entrepreneurial alertness were investigated in the context of a self-employment franchise chain. The research sample was the largest franchise taxi fleet in Taiwan. The results showed that several factors including environmental scanning (the indicator of awareness), psychological ownership (the indicator of motivation), prior performance, level of education, and working duration in the franchise (the indicator of capability) affect the entrepreneurial alertness and therefore consequently influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial action. The theoretical and practical implications of the results were discussed.
Stress exposure and psychopathology alter methylation of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) gene in preschoolers

Abstract Serotonin signaling pathways play a key role in brain development, stress reactivity, and mental health. Epigenetic alterations in the serotonin system may underlie the effect of early life stress on psychopathology. The current study examined methylation of the serotonin receptor 2A (HTR2A) gene in a sample of 228 children including 119 with child welfare documentation of moderate to severe maltreatment within the last 6 months. Child protection records, semistructured interviews in the home, and parent reports were used to assess child stress exposure, psychiatric symptoms, and behavior. The HTR2A genotype and methylation of HTR2A were measured at two CpG sites (–1420 and –1224) from saliva DNA. HTR2A genotype was associated with HTR2A methylation at both CpG sites. HTR2A genotype also moderated associations of contextual stress exposure and HTR2A methylation at site –1420. Contextual stress was positively associated with –1420 methylation among A homozygotes, but negatively associated with –1420 methylation among G homozygotes. Posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms were negatively associated with methylation at –1420, but positively associated with methylation at –1224. Results support the view that the serotonin system is sensitive to stress exposure and psychopathology, and HTR2A methylation may be a mechanism by which early adversity is biologically encoded.
Proline-rich Motifs in the Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)/PTH-related Protein Receptor C Terminus Mediate Scaffolding of c-Src with β-Arrestin2 for ERK1/2 Activation*

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates ERK1/2 through both G-protein signaling and β-arrestin2-mediated internalization. β-Arrestin may serve as a scaffold for c-Src. However, the molecular mechanisms for ERK1/2 activation by PTH remain unclear. By using a targeted mutagenesis approach, we investigated the PTH/PTH-related protein receptor (PTH1R) structural determinants for ERK1/2 activation and transcriptional activity in HEK-293 cells. First, ERK1/2 activation was inhibited by PTH1R mutations that specifically abrogate Gq-protein kinase C signaling without a decrease in cAMP-protein kinase A. Second, PTH1R C-terminal mutations and/or deletions that prevent interaction with β-arrestin inhibited ERK1/2 activation. Similar results were obtained in HEK-293 cells co-expressing wild-type PTH1R and a dominant-negative β-arrestin2. Third, the c-Src inhibitor PP2 and a kinasedead c-SrcK295M mutant co-expressed with wild-type PTH1R both inhibited ERK1/2 activation. Furthermore, c-Src co-precipitated with both PTH1R andβ-arrestin2 in response to PTH. Deleting the PTH1R-proximal C terminus abolished these interactions. However, the need for receptor interaction with β-arrestin to co-precipitate Src and activate ERK1/2 was obviated by expressing a constitutively active c-SrcY527A mutant, suggesting direct binding of activated Src to PTH1R. Subsequently, we identified and mutated to alanine four proline-rich motifs in the PTH1R distal C terminus, which resulted in loss of both c-Src and arrestin co-precipitation and significantly decreased ERK1/2 activation. These data delineate the multiple PTH1R structural determinants for ERK1/2 activation and newly identify a unique mechanism involving proline-rich motifs in the receptor C terminus for reciprocal scaffolding of c-Src and β-arrestin2 with a class II G-protein-coupled receptor.
Resolution Independent Real-Time Vector-Embedded Mesh for Animation

High-resolution textures are determinant of not only high rendering quality in gaming and movie industries, but also of burdens in memory usage, data transmission bandwidth, and rendering efficiency. Therefore, it is desirable to shade 3D objects with vector images such as scalable vector graphics (SVG) for compactness and resolution independence. However, complicated geometry and high rendering cost limit the rendering effectiveness and efficiency of vector texturing techniques. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a real-time resolution-independent vector-embedded shading method for 3D animated objects. Our system first decomposes a vector image consisting of layered close coloring regions into unifying-coloring units for mesh retriangulation and 1D coloring texture construction, where coloring denotes color determination for a point based on an intermediate medium such as a raster/vector image, unifying denotes the usage of the same set of operations, and unifying coloring denotes coloring with the same-color computation operations. We then embed the coloring information and distances to enclosed unit boundaries in retriangulated vertices to minimize embedded information, localize vertex-embedded shading data, remove overdrawing inefficiency, and ensure fixed-length shading instructions for data compactness and avoidance of indirect memory accessing and complex programming structures when using other shading and texturing schemes. Furthermore, stroking is the process of laying down a fixed-width pen-centered element along connected curves, and our system also decomposes these curves into segments using their curve-mesh intersections and embeds their control vertices as well as their widths in the intersected triangles to avoid expensive distance computation. Overall, our algorithm enables high-quality real-time Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)-based coloring for real-time 3D animation rendering through our efficient SVG-embedded rendering pipeline while using a small amount of texture memory and transmission bandwidth.
Global Scaling of Health Information Infrastructures: Circulating Translations

The organizational complexity of health service provision is fairly high, given the many actors and the rapid evolution of both treatment methods and disease picture. Due to a dysfunctional health information system, the various actors in Botswana had created their own, independent information systems, leading to duplication of work and inaccessibility of data. This paper describes how the various actors of the Botswana health sector were brought together to work on health information systems integration through the development of a single, computer-based tool for collecting, processing, and analyzing data. This software, together with a set of shared routines that would save resources for the individual actor, became an attractor, an option that would create no losers, while all could win. Thus, for the first time, the fragmented network of health service providers could come together, an important first step in health information standardization.
Experience of Behvarzes (Iranian primary healthcare providers) from giving primary health services in health houses

Background: Primary healthcare (PHC) providers play a major role in provision of public health in rural areas in Iran. They are considered as the key elements of health development in rural population. There is limited research on clarification of their experiences from provision of health services in their working conditions. This study aimed to clarify the experience of PHC providers from working conditions in giving primary health services in health houses (district branches of rural health care centers). Materials and Methods: This is a content analysis qualitative study, conducted through personal and group interviews with 12 health workers working in health care centers in rural areas in Isfahan province, 2010. Sampling continued until data saturation. Data were analyzed through conventional content analysis and constant comparative method. Results: Data analysis led to extraction of 11 categories, and finally, four themes of “ignoring the rights,” “causing tension in working climate,” “pressure or overload of expectations beyond the power,” and “occupational worn out” were yielded from the categories. These themes reveal the concepts and nature of PHC providers’ experiences from giving health care at health houses as the first level of PHC centers. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the PHC providers work in a tense condition in health houses. Although they devote themselves to the health of society members, their own health is neglected. Policy makers and authorities should amend working conditions of PHC providers through modification of resources and making supportive and collaborative strategies to improve the quality of services and promote the health level of the service receivers.
Stopping Power Calculations for Partially Stripped Projectiles in High Energy Region

The electronic stopping cross-section is calculated in the spirit of the Bethe theory. Interaction potential between projectile and target is regarded to have a Coulombic character and we have modified it to take into account velocity dependences on a number of bound electrons of projectile and an effective charge of projectile and target. These velocity dependences are obtained from the Bohr adiabatic criterion using the Thomas–Fermi atomic model. We have get the electronic stopping cross-section expression using the Bethe approximation; we obtained the stopping cross-section of C and Al for C, O, and Si ions from this expression and compared our results with experiment and other theoretical calculations.
Relationship between the goniometric alignment and articular cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis

Introduction Osteoarthritis of the knee is common among the elderly. The alignment of the knee plays an important part in disease progression. Objectives The aim was to determine the relationship between goniometric measurement of malalignment and gross and histological damage to articular cartilages of osteoarthritic knees. Methods Anterior plane knee alignment was measured using a handheld metal goniometer in 84 patients awaiting knee replacement. Articular cartilages removed at surgery were stained and examined for macroscopic and microscopic damage which were quantified with macroscopic visual assessment score and Mankins histochemical score, respectively. The relationship between the type of knee angulation and macroscopic and microscopic damage to medial and lateral compartments was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the relationship between the degree of angulation and the degree of damage was determined using multiple linear regression models. Results Varus knees had markedly higher macroscopic damage scores in the medial than the lateralcompartment (p<0.0001), while valgus knees showed the opposite (p<0.0001). The knee angulation, together with age and BMI, predicted 54% of the macroscopic (p<0.0001) and 60% of the microscopic damage (p<0.0001) in varus knees. Conclusions Anterior plane goniometric knee alignment is a significant predictor of the articular cartilage damage present in an osteoarthritic knee. Goniometric measurement is a valuable tool in assessing the disease severity as it is a simple, safe and cost-effective method.
Effect of Costunolide and Dehydrocostus Lactone on Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and ABC Transporter Expression in Human Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells

Abstract Human soft tissue sarcomas represent a rare group of malignant tumours that frequently exhibit chemotherapeutic resistance and increased metastatic potential following unsuccessful treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone, which have been isolated from Saussurea lappa using activity-guided isolation, on three soft tissue sarcoma cell lines of various origins. The effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis induction, and ABC transporter expression were analysed. Both compounds inhibited cell viability dose- and time-dependently. IC50 values ranged from 6.2 µg/mL to 9.8 µg/mL. Cells treated with costunolide showed no changes in cell cycle, little in caspase 3/7 activity, and low levels of cleaved caspase-3 after 24 and 48 h. Dehydrocostus lactone caused a significant reduction of cells in the G1 phase and an increase of cells in the S and G2/M phase. Moreover, it led to enhanced caspase 3/7 activity, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP indicating apoptosis induction. In addition, the influence of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone on the expression of ATP binding cassette transporters related to multidrug resistance (ABCB1/MDR1, ABCC1/MRP1, and ABCG2/BCRP1) was examined using real-time RT-PCR. The expressions of ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCG2/BCRP1 in liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma cells were significantly downregulated by dehydrocostus lactone. Our data demonstrate for the first time that dehydrocostus lactone affects cell viability, cell cycle distribution and ABC transporter expression in soft tissue sarcoma cell lines. Furthermore, it led to caspase 3/7 activity as well as caspase-3 and PARP cleavage, which are indicators of apoptosis. Therefore, this compound may be a promising lead candidate for the development of therapeutic agents against drug-resistant tumours.