Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing Faculty Information Seeking in Teaching and Research : Implications for the Design of Digital Libraries

deploy, and evaluate inquiry learning capabilities for the Alexandria Digital Library, an extant digital library of primary sources in geography. We interviewed nine geography faculty members who teach undergraduate courses about their information seeking for research and teaching and their use of information resources in teaching. These data were supplemented by interviews with four faculty members from another ADEPT study about the nature of knowledge in geography. Among our key findings are that geography faculty are more likely to encounter useful teaching resources while seeking research resources than vice versa, although the influence goes in both directions. Their greatest information needs are for research data, maps, and images. They desire better searching by concept or theme, in addition to searching by location and place name. They make extensive use of their own research resources in their teaching. Among the implications for functionality and architecture of geographic digital libraries for educational use are that personal digital libraries are essential, because individual faculty members have personalized approaches to selecting, collecting, and organizing teaching resources. Digital library services for research and teaching should include the ability to import content from common office software and to store content in standard formats that can be exported to other applications. Digital library services can facilitate sharing among faculty but cannot overcome barriers such as intellectual property rights, access to proprietary research data, or the desire of individuals to maintain control over their own resources. Faculty use of primary and secondary resources needs to be better understood if we are to design successful digital libraries for research and teaching.
Evidence for linkage of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy to the Duffy locus on chromosome 1.

A linkage study was performed on three families with classic Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) hereditary neuropathy with clinical manifestations of autosomal dominant inheritance, distal muscle weakness and atrophy, hyporeflexia, and slow motor nerve conduction velocities. Two families comprising 3 and 4 generations and a total of 23 affected persons were informative for the Duffy locus known to be on the long arm of chromosome 1. The maximum total lod score was 2.297 at recombination fraction theta = . 1. The third family was informative for PGM1 (on the short arm of chromosome 1). There was no evidence for linkage of CMT to PGM1 in this third family, but only values of theta less than . 03 could be excluded. There was no evidence for linkage of CMT to seven other informative markers in these families. We conclude that the gene controlling the occurrence of dominant CMT may be approximately 10 centimorgans from the Duffy locus on the long arm of chromosome 1. Additional studies are required to confirm these findings.
Inferring phylogeny despite incomplete lineage sorting.

It is now well known that incomplete lineage sorting can cause serious difficulties for phylogenetic inference, but little attention has been paid to methods that attempt to overcome these difficulties by explicitly considering the processes that produce them. Here we explore approaches to phylogenetic inference designed to consider retention and sorting of ancestral polymorphism. We examine how the reconstructability of a species (or population) phylogeny is affected by (a) the number of loci used to estimate the phylogeny and (b) the number of individuals sampled per species. Even in difficult cases with considerable incomplete lineage sorting (times between divergences less than 1 N(e) generations), we found the reconstructed species trees matched the "true" species trees in at least three out of five partitions, as long as a reasonable number of individuals per species were sampled. We also studied the tradeoff between sampling more loci versus more individuals. Although increasing the number of loci gives more accurate trees for a given sampling effort with deeper species trees (e.g., total depth of 10 N(e) generations), sampling more individuals often gives better results than sampling more loci with shallower species trees (e.g., depth = 1 N(e)). Taken together, these results demonstrate that gene sequences retain enough signal to achieve an accurate estimate of phylogeny despite widespread incomplete lineage sorting. Continued improvement in our methods to reconstruct phylogeny near the species level will require a shift to a compound model that considers not only nucleotide or character state substitutions, but also the population genetics processes of lineage sorting. [Coalescence; divergence; population; speciation. ].
DiagDroid: Android performance diagnosis via anatomizing asynchronous executions

Rapid UI responsiveness is a key consideration to Android app developers. However, the complicated concurrency model of Android makes it hard for developers to understand and further diagnose the UI performance. This paper presents DiagDroid, a tool specifically designed for Android UI performance diagnosis. The key notion of DiagDroid is that UI-triggered asynchronous executions contribute to the UI performance, and hence their performance and their runtime dependency should be properly captured to facilitate performance diagnosis. However, there are tremendous ways to start asynchronous executions, posing a great challenge to profiling such executions and their runtime dependency. To this end, we properly abstract five categories of asynchronous executions as the building basis. As a result, they can be tracked and profiled based on the specifics of each category with a dynamic instrumentation approach carefully tailored for Android. DiagDroid can then accordingly profile the asynchronous executions in a task granularity, equipping it with low-overhead and high compatibility merits. The tool is successfully applied in diagnosing 33 real-world open-source apps, and we find 14 of them contain 27 performance issues. It shows the effectiveness of our tool in Android UI performance diagnosis. The tool is open-source released online.
Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for coronary artery disease, but the results of genetic association studies on the related phenotype of ischemic stroke are inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis of published studies investigating the association between ischemic stroke and two nonsynonymous PON1 polymorphisms, rs662 (p.Q192R) and rs854560 (p.L55M) in humans.Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases through June 30, 2009 for eligible studies. In main analyses, we calculated allele-based odds ratios with random effects models. In secondary analyses, we examined dominant and recessive genetic models as well, and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.Results: Regarding rs662, we identified 22 eligible studies (total of 7384 cases/11,074 controls), yielding a summary odds ratio of 1.10 per G allele (95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.17) with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity. For rs854560, 16 eligible studies (total of 5518 cases/8951 controls) yielded a summary odds ratio of 0.97 per T allele (95% confidence interval, 0.90–1.04), again with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity. For both polymorphisms, analyses with dominant and recessive genetic models yielded the same inferences as allele-based comparisons. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar results.Conclusion: In agreement with observations in coronary artery disease, PON1 rs662 appears to be associated with a small increase in the risk of ischemic stroke.
A Dual Number Approach for Numerical Calculation of Velocity and Acceleration in the Spherical 4R Mechanism

This paper proposes a methodology to calculate both the first and second derivatives of a vector function of one variable in a single computation step. The method is based on the nested application of the dual number approach for first order derivatives. It has been implemented in Fortran language, a module which contains the dual version of elementary functions as well as more complex functions, which are common in the field of rotational kinematics. Since we have three quantities of interest, namely the function itself and its first and second derivative, our basic numerical entity has three elements. Then, for a given vector function $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}^m$, its dual version will have the form $\tilde{f}:\mathbb{R}^3\to \mathbb{R}^{3m}$. As a study case, the proposed methodology is used to calculate the velocity and acceleration of a point moving on the coupler-point curve generated by a spherical four-bar mechanism.
Sparse reconstruction for fluorescence molecular tomography via a fast iterative algorithm

Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a fast-developing optical imaging modality that has great potential in early diagnosis of disease and drugs development. However, reconstruction algorithms have to address a highly ill-posed problem to fulfill 3D reconstruction in FMT. In this contribution, we propose an efficient iterative algorithm to solve the large-scale reconstruction problem, in which the sparsity of fluorescent targets is taken as useful a priori information in designing the reconstruction algorithm. In the implementation, a fast sparse approximation scheme combined with a stage-wise learning strategy enable the algorithm to deal with the ill-posed inverse problem at reduced computational costs. We validate the proposed fast iterative method with numerical simulation on a digital mouse model. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is robust for different finite element meshes and different Poisson noise levels.
QUANTIFICATION OF HEMATOZOA IN BLOOD SMEARS

Ten thin blood smears from mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) infected with Haemoproteus maccallumi were examined by each of two observers using identical techniques and microscopy in an attempt to delineate the factors necessary to provide an accurate estimate of the number of parasites/n erythrocytes. The number of erythrocytes examined must be actually counted, not estimated from extrapolated partial counts or from the number of fields of view examined. Doubling the number of erythrocytes counted (1) decreased the overdispersed frequency distribution patterns in only 25% of the replicate counts for numbers of H. maccallumi/100 erythrocytes for a series of 2,000 versus 4,000 erythrocytes counted; and (2) did not significantly increase the accuracy for determining parasite intensities. Thus, the number of erythrocytes that must be counted to determine parasite intensities could be considerably reduced from the 10,000 or 20,000 estimated for most studies, and still provide an accurate determination of the number of parasites/n erythrocytes in datasets collected from hosts with moderate to high levels of parasitemia. This resulted in a decreased amount of time expended by the observer on each blood smear examined. With two equivalently trained individuals, differences between observers examining the same blood smears were minimal. This study suggests an approach by which a more standardized methodology for quantifying blood parasite intensities could be developed.
Disjunctive combined causal rules mining

Causal discovery is a well-studied problem due to an urgent need for systems that predict, explain, and make proper and necessary decisions in many domains including epidemiology, biology, medicine, economics, physics, and social sciences. Existing techniques such as learning Bayesian networks (BNs) and Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are expensive and time consuming. In addition, they only find single cause rules from certain data. There are numerous important applications wherein we have to generate disjunctive causal rules from uncertain data. In this paper we propose an algorithm called DCCRUD that employs frequent itemsets mining algorithms to discover disjunctive combined causal rules from uncertain data. To the best of our knowledge ours is the first paper to address this important problem. Discovering causal rules where targets are disjunctions of variables might be equally important. DCCRUD applies to uncertain databases. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms on real datasets.
Reconfiguring organisational patterns of power: An ethnography on the functioning of academic credentials in Chile

The evolution of academic credentials is not only a technical process, but also a social one. Whereas the technical process involves skill development for the increasing technologisation and sophistication of work, the social process comprises phenomena such as power struggles and status construction. Exploring the interplay between doctors and nurses, this article analyses what ideologies, institutions and devices lie beneath patterns of powers affecting healthcare organisations in Chile, examining the extent to which academic credentials are used, on the one hand, to question established patterns of power and, on the other hand, to wield power, reshaping in the process internal logics of stratification by class and ethnicity. Drawing upon ethnographic data, the authors argue that the transformation of the nursing curriculum coupled with ongoing state reform has led to a more open attitude towards power collectively, a process intertwined with the development of a series of alliances and the performance of negotiating abilities resulting in the gradual access to high-ranking positions. This may well reflect a move from a technical component of credentials to a more symbolic component, shaping cultural expectations of capabilities and a new code of power.
A Review of Lifetime Risk Factors for Mortality

ABSTRACT This review was undertaken for the Faculty and Institute of Actuaries as part of their programme to encourage research collaborations between health researchers and actuaries in order to understand better the factors influencing mortality and longevity. The authors presented their findings in a number of linked sessions at the Edinburgh conference (Joining Forces on Mortality and Longevity) in October 2009 and contributed to this overview. The purpose is to review evidence for the impact on adult mortality of characteristics of the individual's lifetime socioeconomic or psychosocial environment or phenotype at the behavioural; multi-system (e.g. cognitive and physical function); or body system level (e.g. vascular and metabolic traits) that may be common risk factors for a number of major causes of death. This review shows there is growing evidence from large studies and systematic reviews that these individual characteristics, measured in pre-adult as well as the adult life, are associated with later mortality risk. The relative contribution of lifetime environment, genetic factors and chance, whether these contributions change with age, and the underlying social and biological pathways are still to be clarified. This review identifies areas where further life course research is warranted.
A technique for nway joins in wireless sensor networks

The join queries are operations that require more energy for their execution. In wireless sensor networks, energy is a determinant factor for the network survival. However, high energy consumption caused by such requests needs the implementation of very appropriate techniques for their execution. Research in this field considered especially binary joins. Few studies have addressed n-way joins. In this paper, we propose 'Nway Local Join', an energyefficient technique for n-way join operations. We adopt an in-network execution at each step of the join operation. We compare our solution with an execution at the sink. NLJ shows the best performance for low selectivity factor.
An efficient scheme to ensure data availability for a cloud service provider

With the emergence of information technologies, an overwhelming amount of data and information is generated everyday. Storing and processing this huge volume of data is named by a ubiquitous term: big data management. Cloud storage systems enhance reliability and availability of data by introducing redundancy, i.e., data replication, in the system, thereby protecting the data integrity from node failures which occur frequently in any large-scale storage system. However, efficiently determining the level of redundancy, i.e., number of data replicas, is not a trivial task for a cloud service provider (CSP). Traditional methods, which use a fixed number of replicas for all users regardless of the user's budget, do not achieve efficiency in terms of financial benefit of CSPs. This paper presents an efficient replication scheme that allows a CSP to determine the optimal number of replicas for each user depending on the user's budgetary constraint and the CSP's resource capacity while maximizing the financial benefit of the CSP. Numerical simulations were performed to assess the validity of our approach. The results show the scalability of the proposed scheme which can apply to real systems with an arbitrary number of users.
Fatigue detection and estimation using auto-regression analysis in EEG

Estimation of fatigue is a required criteria in the field of physiology. The estimation of muscle fatigue and its development in the brain signals can provide a level of endurance among athletes and limits of a persons in doing physical tasks. In this paper a technique for detecting and estimating the fatigue development using regression parameters for EEG signals is discussed. The study of 14 subjects was undertaken and analysed for the fatigue development using Auto-Regression(AR) model. The behaviour of the error function obtained is analysed for the prediction of the stages and limits of muscle fatigue development.
On the Reusability of "Living Labs" Test Collections: A Case Study of Real-Time Summarization

Information retrieval test collections are typically built using data from large-scale evaluations in international forums such as TREC, CLEF, and NTCIR. Previous validation studies on pool-based test collections for ad hoc retrieval have examined their reusability to accurately assess the effectiveness of systems that did not participate in the original evaluation. To our knowledge, the reusability of test collections derived from "living labs" evaluations, based on logs of user activity, has not been explored. In this paper, we performed a "leave-one-out" analysis of human judgment data derived from the TREC 2016 Real-Time Summarization Track and show that those judgments do not appear to be reusable. While this finding is limited to one specific evaluation, it does call into question the reusability of test collections built from living labs in general, and at the very least suggests the need for additional work in validating such experimental instruments.
Lie detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging

The accurate detection of deception or lying is a challenge to experts in many scientific disciplines. To investigate if specific cerebral activation characterized feigned memory impairment, six healthy male volunteers underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging with a block‐design paradigm while they performed forced‐choice memory tasks involving both simulated malingering and under normal control conditions. Malingering that demonstrated the existence and involvement of a prefrontal‐parietal‐sub‐cortical circuit with feigned memory impairment produced distinct patterns of neural activation. Because astute liars feign memory impairment successfully in testing once they understand the design of the measure being employed, our study represents an extremely significant preliminary step towards the development of valid and sensitive methods for the detection of deception. Hum. Brain Mapping 15:157–164, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficient Assessment of Developmental, Surgical and Pathological Lymphangiogenesis Using a Lymphatic Reporter Mouse and Its Embryonic Stem Cells

Several lymphatic reporter mouse lines have recently been developed to significantly improve imaging of lymphatic vessels. Nonetheless, the usage of direct visualization of lymphatic vessels has not been fully explored and documented. Here, we characterized a new Prox1-tdTomato transgenic lymphatic reporter mouse line, and demonstrated how this animal tool enables the researchers to efficiently assess developmental, surgical and pathological lymphangiogenesis by direct visualization of lymphatic vessels. Moreover, we have derived embryonic stem cells from this reporter line, and successfully differentiated them into lymphatic vessels in vivo. In conclusion, these experimental tools and techniques will help advance lymphatic research.
PERSPECTIVE: SEVEN REASONS (NOT) TO NEGLECT NICHE CONSTRUCTION

Abstract The niche-construction perspective within evolutionary biology places emphasis on the changes that organisms bring about in their selective environments. Advocates of this viewpoint argue that there is both accuracy and utility in treating niche construction as an evolutionary process in its own right, rather than merely as a product of evolution. Here we discuss and assess seven putative weaknesses of the niche-construction perspective. Niche construction has been neglected or rejected on the grounds that (1) it is not prevalent, (2) its study is not tractable, (3) it is not a process, (4) it is caused by natural selection, (5) it does not change our understanding of evolution in any fundamental way, (6) it does not bring about adaptation, and (7) it is not a single phenomenon. In each case, we critically evaluate the theoretical standing of these arguments and consider the empirical evidence that can be brought to bear on the debate. We conclude that none of these are strong criticisms of the niche-construction perspective and maintain that there are compelling reasons for treating niche construction as a major evolutionary process.
First translation equivalents in bilingual toddlers’ expressive vocabulary

Translation equivalents (TEs) characterize the lexicon of bilinguals from the early stages of acquisition, as reported in studies involving English and other languages in which most cross-language synonyms are dissimilar in phonological form. This research explores the emergence of TEs in Spanish-Catalan bilinguals who are acquiring two languages with many cognate words and thus languages with many cross-language synonyms with identical or similar phonological forms. Expressive vocabulary was obtained in two 18-month-old groups (monolingual and bilingual, N = 24 each) through parental report using a bilingual questionnaire. Four different vocabulary size measures were computed in bilinguals, correcting for different types of phonological overlap in words across their two languages. Bilinguals were found comparable to monolinguals in every measure except for Total Vocabulary Size (Spanish + Catalan words) in which they outscored monolinguals due to the high number of form-identical cross-language elements in their expressive vocabularies. Form-similar and dissimilar TEs accounted for less than 2% of the words produced and were only present in infants with larger vocabularies. Results support the hypothesis that phonological form proximity between words across bilinguals' two languages facilitates early lexical acquisition.
A visual medium for programmatic control of interactive applications

The VisMap system provides for visual manipulation of arbitraryoff-the-shelf applications, through an applications graphical userinterface. VisMaps API-independent control has advantages for tasksthat can benefit from direct access to the functions of the userinterface. We describe the design goals and architecture of thesystem, and we discuss two applications, a user-controlled visualscripting program and an autonomous solitaire-playing program,which together demonstrate some of the capabilities and limitationsof the approach.