Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The inner centromere protein (INCENP) antigens: movement from inner centromere to midbody during mitosis

We describe a novel set of polypeptide antigens that shows a dramatic change in structural localization during mitosis. Through metaphase these antigens define a new chromosomal substructure that is located between the sister chromatids. Because the antigens are concentrated in the pericentromeric region, we have provisionally termed them the INCENPs (inner centromere proteins). The INCENPs (two polypeptides of 155 and 135 kD) were identified with a monoclonal antibody that was raised against the bulk proteins of the mitotic chromosome scaffold fraction. These two polypeptides are the most tightly bound chromosomal proteins known. When scaffolds are prepared, 100% of the detectable INCENPs remain scaffold associated. We were therefore unprepared for the fate of the INCENPs at anaphase. As the sister chromatids separate, the INCENPs dissociate fully from them, remaining behind at the metaphase plate as the chromatids migrate to the spindle poles. During anaphase the INCENPs are found on coarse fibers in the central spindle, and also in close apposition to the cell membrane in the region of the forming contractile ring. During telophase, the INCENPs gradually become focused onto the forming midbody, together with which they are ultimately discarded. Several possible in vivo roles for the INCENPs are suggested by these data: regulation of sister chromatid pairing, stabilization of the plane of cleavage, and separation of spindle poles at anaphase.
Toward Emotion Recognition in Car-Racing Drivers: A Biosignal Processing Approach

In this paper, we present a methodology and a wearable system for the evaluation of the emotional states of car-racing drivers. The proposed approach performs an assessment of the emotional states using facial electromyograms, electrocardiogram, respiration, and electrodermal activity. The system consists of the following: 1) the multisensorial wearable module; 2) the centralized computing module; and 3) the system's interface. The system has been preliminary validated by using data obtained from ten subjects in simulated racing conditions. The emotional classes identified are high stress, low stress, disappointment, and euphoria. Support vector machines (SVMs) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) have been used for the classification. The overall classification rates achieved by using tenfold cross validation are 79.3% and 76.7% for the SVM and the ANFIS, respectively.
Structural Breaks and Non-Linearities for Predicting the Probability of US Recessions using the Spread

This paper proposes a structural break threshold model (SBT) to the dynamic relationship between US output growth and the spread between long- and short-term interest rates. This model is able to account for non-linearities, parameter changes and the reduction of the variability of output growth. The SBT model gives better in-sample predictions of the probability of US recessions during 1955-1999 than models with only non-linearity or structural breaks. The presence of a structural break affects the timing and the size of predictions of the probability of recession for 2001.
A Monte Carlo simulation of the intergalactic absorption and the detectability of the Lyman continuum from distant galaxies

We have made a Monte Carlo simulation of the intergalactic absorption in order to model the Lyman continuum absorption, which is required to estimate the escape fraction of the Lyman continuum from distant galaxies. To input into the simulation, we derive an empirical distribution function of the intergalactic absorbers which reproduces recent observational statistics of the Lyman a forest, Lyman limit systems (LLSs) and damped Lyman a systems (DLAs) simultaneously. In particular, we assume a common functional form of the number evolution along the redshift for all types of absorbers. The Lyman series transmissions in our simulation reproduce the observed redshift evolution of the transmissions excellently, and the Lyman continuum transmission also agrees with an observed estimation which is still quite rare in the literature. The probability distribution of the Lyman a opacity in our simulation is lognormal with a tail towards a large opacity. This tail is produced by DLAs. The probability distribution of the Lyman continuum opacity in our simulation also shows a broad tail towards a large opacity. This tail is produced by LLSs. Because of the rarity of LLSs, we have a chance to have a clean line of sight in the Lyman continuum even for z ∼ 4 with a probability of about 20 per cent. Our simulation expects a good correlation between the Lyman continuum opacity and the Lyman a opacity, which may be useful to estimate the former from the latter for an individual line of sight.
Mice Overexpressing β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase I Are Resistant to TNF-Induced Inflammation and DSS-Induced Colitis

Glycosylation is an essential post-translational modification, which determines the function of proteins and important processes such as inflammation. β-1,4-galactosyltransferase I (βGalT1) is a key enzyme involved in the addition of galactose moieties to glycoproteins. Intestinal mucins are glycoproteins that protect the gut barrier against invading pathogens and determine the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Proper glycosylation of mucus is important in this regard. By using ubiquitously expressing βGalT1 transgenic mice, we found that this enzyme led to strong galactosylation of mucus proteins, isolated from the gut of mice. This galactosylation was associated with a drastic change in composition of gut microbiota, as TG mice had a significantly higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. TG mice were strongly protected against TNF-induced systemic inflammation and lethality. Moreover, βGalT1 transgenic mice were protected in a model of DSS-induced colitis, at the level of clinical score, loss of body weight, colon length and gut permeability. These studies put βGalT1 forward as an essential protective player in exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Optimal galactosylation of N-glycans of mucus proteins, determining the bacterial composition of the gut, is a likely mechanism of this function.
Optical flashes and very early afterglows in wind environments

The interaction of a relativistic fireball with its ambient medium is described through two shocks: a reverse shock that propagates into the fireball, and a forward shock that propagates into the medium. The observed optical flash of GRB 990123 has been considered to be the emission from such a reverse shock. The observational properties of afterglows suggest that the progenitors of some γ -ray bursts (GRBs) may be massive stars and their surrounding media may be stellar winds. We here study very early afterglows from the reverse and forward shocks in winds. An optical flash mainly arises from the relativistic reverse shock, while a radio flare is produced by the forward shock. The peak flux densities of optical flashes are larger than 1 Jy for typical parameters, if we do not take into account some appropriate dust obscuration along the line of sight. The radio flare always has a long-lasting constant flux, which will not be covered up by interstellar scintillation. The non-detections of optical flashes brighter than about ninth magnitude may constrain the GRB isotropic energies to be no more than a few 10 52 erg and wind intensities to be relatively weak.
A visual tool for bayesian data analysis: the impact of smoothing on naive bayes text classifiers

Naive-Bayes (NB) classifiers are simple probabilistic classifiers still widely used in supervised learning due to their tradeoff between efficient model training and good empirical results. One of the drawbacks of these classifiers is that in situations of data sparsity (i.e. when the size of training set is small) the maximum likelihood estimation of the probability of unseen features in these situations is equal to zero causing arithmetic anomalies. To prevent this undesirable behavior, a number of smoothing techniques have been proposed. Among these, the Bayesian approach incorporates smoothing in terms of prior knowledge about the parameters of the model usually called hyper-parameters. Our research question is: can a visualization tool help researchers to quickly assess the goodness of the performance of NB classifiers by setting optimal smoothing parameters?
The Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Cerebral Microarteriovenous Malformation Presenting with Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Series of 13 Cases

Object. The aim of this report was to explore the clinical presentation, radiological features, treatment methods, and outcome of micro-AVMs presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods. The clinical data, radiological features, treatment, and follow-up results for a consecutive series of 13 cases with micro-AVMs were retrospectively analyzed. Results. All 13 patients presented with intracerebral hemorrhage. Ten cases were confirmed by enhanced thin layer CT scanning and CTA, and the other 3 cases were confirmed by DSA. Treatment consisted of surgical removal in 10 cases, endovascular embolization in 1, and radiosurgery in 2. The modified GOS score was achieved in the third month after discharge: 10 cases were rated with 5 points (good recovery), 1 case was rated with 4 points (mild disability), and 2 cases were rated with 3 points (severe disability). During follow-up, No case of rebleeding was reported. Conclusions. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the main clinical manifestation of micro-AVMs. It is beneficial to find a tiny nidus of dense vessels located on hematoma wall on enhanced thin layer CT scanning for a clear diagnosis and to detect any abnormal feeding artery or venous drainage for an indirect diagnostic evidence. Resection is the main method of treatment for micro-AVMs.
Context-Aware Services in Smart Environments: A Review

Telecooperation GroupTU DarmstadtHochschulstrase 10D-64283 Darmstadtbrdiczka AT tk.informatik. tu-darmstadt.deAbstract This paper addresses the topic of providing context-aware services in smart environments. We review recent work insmart environments, and further deﬁne and debate essential as-pects concerning context-aware service supply. Future challengesfor the research in context-aware smart environments are men-tioned and discussed.
Phrasal stress in Mandarin disyllabic phrases: an investigation using focus

Mandarin Chinese has been claimed to have phrasal stress which falls on a nonhead constituent: on the modifier in a modifier-noun phrase, and on the object in a verb-object phrase (MODNh and VhOBJ, respectively; the subscript h stands for head, and the stressed constituent is underlined). This NONHEAD STRESS RULE is motivated by the greater information load carried by the nonhead than its syntactic head [1]. Taking NONHEAD STRESS RULE as a point of departure, the current study investigated Mandarin phrasal stress by using focus as a diagnostic tool. 15 pairs of homophonous disyllabic phrases, each consisting of a MODNh phrase and a VhOBJ phrase, were elicited under both BROADFOCUS and NARROWFOCUS. The phonetic correlate of phrasal stress—duration—was measured. The hypothesis tested was that the nonheads have phrasal stress. The results showed that at the phrase level, a MODNh and a homophonous VhOBJ differed significantly in duration ratio, consistent with the interpretation that MODNh exhibits initial stress and VhOBJ exhibits final stress. Moreover, the duration ratio difference was amplified under NARROWFOCUS. However, there also existed cross-stimulus variation, which is argued to be idiosyncratic rather than random. In sum, it is concluded that NONHEAD STRESS RULE, despite being a weak universal, is an important component to Mandarin prosody, and underlies the contrastive stress patterns of MODNh and VhOBJ.
Presidential Campaigning in the Internet Age

Presidential candidates and their campaigns in the United States are fully invested in the use of social media. Yet, since 1996 presidential campaigns have been experimenting with ways to use digital communication technologies on the Internet to their advantage. This book tells the stories of the practices of campaigning online between 1996 and 2016, looking at winners and also-rans. The stories provide rich details of the factors that contribute to the success or failure of candidates, including the influence of digital media. The stories also show how political campaigns over six election cycles transitioned from the paradigm of mass media campaigning, to networked campaigning, and finally to mass-targeted campaigning. Campaigns shifted from efforts at mass persuasion to networked persuasion by identifying and communicating with super-supporters to give them the right digital tools and messages to take to their social network. Campaigns learned over time how to use the Internet’s interactive affordances to communicate with the public in ways that structures what supporters do for the campaign that maximizes strategic benefit—what I call “controlled interactivity. ” By the 2016 campaign, technology companies made it easier and more effective to engage in mass-targeted campaigning—using large-scale data analytics by campaigns and tech companies to identify target audiences for campaigns to advertise to online.
Maximizing Network Capacity with Topology Control in Cooperative Communication

— Cooperative Communication become apparent as a new scheme of diversity in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Topology control and Network capacity are important upper layer issues in considering the performances of a MANETs in Cooperative communication. In this article , we put forth the concern of topology control with aspiration of maximizing the network capacity by proposing a scheme called MSRCC(Spatial Reuse Maximizer in Cooperative Communication). We are going to perform the simulation using NS2.It combines both the Spatial Reuse Maximizer (MaxSR) that focuses on converging to an operating point minimizing network capacity and Capacity Optimized Cooperative Topology Control method that focuses on improving the network capacity by considering both physical layer cooperative communication and upper layer argument such as network capacity and topology control.
Optogenetic Stimulation of Dopamine Afferents in Nucleus Accumbens and Central Amygdala Reveals Differential Roles in Food and Social Motivation

Dopamine cells are densely located in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and project to several forebrain structures such as the Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) and the Central Amygdala (CeA) to influence various forms of motivated actions. Previous studies have suggested that dopaminergic projections from the VTA to NAc are involved in instantaneous forms of motivation, while VTA to CeA projections may be involved in amplifying and narrowing incentive motivation to a single reward target. (Fields, Hjelmstad, Margolis, & Nicola, 2007; M. J. Robinson, Warlow, & Berridge, 2014). Here we examined both projections in the same task using optogenetic excitation of dopamine projections from VTA to either NAc or CeA to understand the differential roles that dopamine (DA) serves in influencing motivation for food and social interaction. Stimulation of DA afferents from VTA to NAc shell via optogenetic virus in Th-Cre rats caused rats to instantly bias their choice for one sucrose pellet paired with VTA to NAc stimulation over another identical sucrose pellet not paired with stimulation. Stimulation of DA afferents from VTA to CeA caused an equally intense bias as VTA to NAc, but which did not appear until the third day. Overall, rats receiving VTA to NAc DA stimulation pressed more at their laser-paired lever than those receiving VTA to CeA stimulation, earning them more sucrose pellets. Neither pathway supported self-stimulation when rats were given the opportunity to earn laser stimulation alone. In a social paradigm, rats displayed more social interactions with an unfamiliar rat when the VTA to NAc was stimulated. Our findings propose that DA afferents from VTA mediate different aspects of motivated behavior, depending on whether they project to CeA or NAc.
Performance Enhancement of VANETs UsingCluster Based Routing

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a promising technology to enable the communications among vehicles and between vehicles and road side units (RSU). A new algorithm to construct Stable clusters is introduced to perform cluster based routing (CBR) and to improve the performance of VANETs. The stable clustering algorithm groups the nodes based on the position and direction information to form stable clusters and elects cluster head based on a multi-metric algorithm. This method reduces the overhead of re-clustering and lead to an efficient hierarchical network topology. The proposed system is evaluated using simulation software NS2 (Network Simulator 2). The performance parameters include throughput, propagation delay and average cluster change per vehicle. Simulation results reveal that there is increase in throughput, and decrease in propagation delay and average cluster change per vehicle.
A Software Library of Dynamic Graph Algorithms 1

We report on a software library of dynamic graph algorithms. It was written in C++ as an extension of LEDA, the library of eecient data types and algorithms. It contains implementations of simple data structures as well as of sophisticated data structures for dynamic connectivity, dynamic minimum spanning trees, dynamic single source shortest paths, and dynamic transitive closure. All data structures are implemented by classes derived from a common base class, thus they have a common interface. Additionally, the base class is in charge of keeping all dynamic data structures working on the same graph consistent. It is possible to change the structure of a graph by a procedure which is not aware of the dynamic data structures initialized for this graph. The library is easily extendible.
Recognizing Partial Textual Entailment

Textual entailment is an asymmetric relation between two text fragments that describes whether one fragment can be inferred from the other. It thus cannot capture the notion that the target fragment is “almost entailed” by the given text. The recently suggested idea of partial textual entailment may remedy this problem. We investigate partial entailment under the faceted entailment model and the possibility of adapting existing textual entailment methods to this setting. Indeed, our results show that these methods are useful for rec- ognizing partial entailment. We also provide a preliminary assessment of how partial entailment may be used for recognizing (complete) textual entailment.
Rethinking Strategy and Implementation of Knowledge Management from Innovation Perspective: A Lesson Learned from a Multinational Subsidiary in Indonesia

Facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities ahead in the knowledge economy, managing knowledge has been a priority for many organisations. Knowledge Management (KM) emerges and has quickly gained weight in research both from information systems perspective and management sciences. An amply documented dilemma is the absence of specific implementation guide due to different organisation’s characteristics and strategies. At times, endeavours to integrate KM into the organisation’s strategy and to customise it to meet organisation’s characteristics instead create undesired problems because of its prioritisation. We explore the implementation of KM in a telecommunication multinational subsidiary in Indonesia and investigate factors that affect the performance as well as the impacts. Benefiting from innovation perspective we identify the way KM strategies are devised and put into action. Using in-depth interviews and direct observation, we map some problems associated with the strategy and implementation of KM. We learn in our case that the lack of organisation-wide integrated systems, which is typical across different organisations, does contribute to this problem. However the main predicament lies on the fact that KM enabling scheme is never explicitly prioritised in the organisation’s information systems strategy.
Community-acquired pneumonia and survival of critically ill acute exacerbation of COPD patients in respiratory intensive care units

Purpose The aim of this study was to appraise the effect of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on inhospital mortality in critically ill acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit. Patients and methods A retrospective observational study was performed. Consecutive critically ill AECOPD patients receiving treatment in a respiratory intensive care unit were reviewed from September 1, 2012, to August 31, 2015. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, and continuous variables were analyzed by Mann–Whitney U-test. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess the association of CAP with survival of critically ill AECOPD patients for univariate analysis. Cox’s proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify risk factors for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 80 consecutive eligible individuals were reviewed. These included 38 patients with CAP and 42 patients without CAP. Patients with CAP had a higher inhospital rate of mortality than patients without CAP (42% vs 33.3%, P<0.05). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with CAP had a worse survival rate than patients without CAP (P<0.05). Clinical characteristics, including Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, C-reactive protein, and CAP, were found to be closely associated with survival of AECOPD individuals. Further multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed that CAP and APACHE II were independent risk factors for inhospital mortality in critically ill AECOPD patients (CAP: hazard ratio, 5.29; 95% CI, 1.50–18.47, P<0.01 and APACHE II: hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06–1.37, P<0.01). Conclusion CAP may be an independent risk factor for higher inhospital mortality in critically ill AECOPD patients.
CD47 Is Required for Suppression of Allograft Rejection by Donor-Specific Transfusion

CD47 is a ligand of the inhibitory receptor, signal regulatory protein (SIRP)α, and its interaction with SIRPα on macrophages prevents phagocytosis of autologous hematopoietic cells. CD47–SIRPα signaling also regulates dendritic cell (DC) endocytosis, activation, and maturation. In this study, we show that CD47 expression on donor cells plays an important role in suppression of allograft rejection by donor-specific transfusion (DST). DST was performed by i.v. injection of splenocytes from C57BL/6 donors into MHC class I-disparate bm1 mice 7 d prior to donor skin grafting. Administration of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 donor splenocytes markedly prolonged donor skin survival in bm1 mouse recipients. In contrast, bm1 mice receiving DST from CD47 knockout (KO) donors showed no inhibition or even acceleration of donor skin graft rejection compared with non-DST control (naive) bm1 mice. T cells from bm1 mice receiving CD47 KO, but not WT, DST exhibited strong anti-donor responses. The ability of DST to suppress alloresponses was positively correlated with the density of CD47 molecules on donor cells, as CD47+/− DST was able to prolonged donor skin survival, but to a significantly less extent than WT DST. Furthermore, DCs from CD47 KO, but not WT, DST recipients showed rapid activation and contributed to donor skin rejection. These results show for the first time that CD47 on donor cells is required to repress recipient DC activation and suppress allograft rejection after DST, and suggest CD47 as a potential target for facilitating the induction of transplant tolerance.