Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The understanding and experiences of children affected by parental mental health problems: a qualitative study

Children of parents with mental health problems (MHPs) have been reported to be ‘at risk’ of diagnosable psychopathology, as well as impairment in cognitive, emotional, social and school functioning. How children understand MHPs has been found to influence how they cope with their family situation. This study explores the understanding and experiences of children affected by parental MHPs (affected children). Comparisons are drawn with the perspectives of children of ‘well’ parents (comparative children), using a semi-structured interview schedule. The qualitative data were managed using the NUD*IST computer package and analysed using the Huberman and Miles (1994) interactive model. Analysis revealed that affected children were found to be less likely to convey stigmatizing views of people with MHPs, largely due to their personal experience of living with parental MHPs, than comparative children. These results have implications for the development of effective health promotion programmes and specialist interventions for children ‘at risk’ of adversity.
An introduction to the Ising model

This article is an invitation, or advertisement, for readers to work on a problem which is apparently very difficult, yet certainly extremely important. The problem is known generically as the Ising model, named after Ernst Ising, who did the first work on it in the early 1920s. Although unpromising in its initial results, the Ising model has turned out to be an exceptionally rich idea. The number of papers written on the subject is staggering; the number which remain to be written is conceivably even more staggering. The Ising model is concerned with the physics of phase transitions, which occur when a small change in a parameter such as temperature or pressure causes a large-scale, qualitative change in the state of a system. Phase transitions are common in physics and familiar in everyday life: we see one, for instance, whenever the temperature drops below 320F, and another whenever we put a kettle of water on the stove. Other examples include the formation of binary alloys and the phenomenon of ferromagnetism. The latter is also of interest historically: an understanding of ferromagnetism-and especially "spontaneous magnetization"was the original purpose of the Ising model and the subject of Ising's doctoral dissertation. Partly for this historical significance, we shall use ferromagnetism as a reference point later on for interpreting various features of the model. In spite of their familiarity, phase transitions are not well understood. One purpose of the Ising model is to explain how short-range interactions between, say, molecules in a crystal give rise to long-range, correlative behavior, and to predict in some sense the potential for a phase transition. The Ising model has also been applied to problems in chemistry, molecular biology, and other areas where "cooperative" behavior of large systems is studied. These applications are possible because the Ising model can be formulated as a mathematical problem. Although we shall refer frequently to the physics of ferromagnetism and use language from statistical mechanics, it is the mathematical aspects of the model which will concern us in this article. In particular we shall see that the Ising model has a combinatorial interpretation which is powerful enough in itself to establish some of the basic results concerning phase transitions. There are many other approaches and aspects to the
The Choice of Reform Rabbinical Studies in Israel and the Rabbinical Mission: Negotiating Tikun Olam and Personal Tikun

The goals of this study are to describe the motivations and aims of young Israelis for choosing Reform rabbinical studies and to explore how the Israeli and Reform contexts are manifested in students’ motivations and aims. This question was examined by a study of the personal background, the decision-making process, and the motivations of 10 students in the Reform rabbinical program at the Jerusalem campus of Hebrew Union College (HUC). Though most of the students’ exposure to Reform Judaism occurred following an encounter with North American Reform Jewry, the choice of rabbinical studies was described by most of the participants as the result of a sense of incongruity between the personal, cultural, and professional dimensions of their lives.
Disentangling the influence of living place and socioeconomic position on health services use among diabetes patients: A population-based study

This research investigates the influence of place of residence and diabetic patient’s socioeconomic position on their use of health services in a universal health care system. This retrospective cross-sectional population-based study is based on the joint use of the Health Insurance information systems, an ecological indicator of social deprivation and an indicator of potential spatial accessibility of healthcare provision in the Midi-Pyrénées region. Using French healthcare insurance population-based data on reimbursement of out-of-hospital care during the year 2012, we study the use of health services among patients aged 50 and over (n = 90,136). We built logistic regression models linking health services use to socioeconomic position by geographic area, adjusted for age, gender, healthcare provision, information regarding patients precariousness, and long-term condition, used as proxy for the state of health. After adjustment for healthcare provision, the lower population density in the geographical area of concern, the lower the access to specialised care, independent of the patients’ SEP. General practitioner attendance was higher among the patients with the lowest SEP without being clearly influenced by their living place. We found no clear influence of either patients’ SEP or their living place on their access to biological follow-up. This study is an attempt to account for the geographical context and to go further in studying the social determinants of health among diabetes patients.
HLA class II genetic diversity in Arabs and Jews of Iran.

BACKGROUND Anthropological studies based on highly polymorphic HLA genes provide useful information for bone marrow donor registry, forensic medicine, disease association studies, as well as designing peptide vaccines against tumors, and infectious or autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the genetic relationship of Iranian Arabs and Jews using HLA-class II genetic diversity. METHODS HLA-DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1 allele frequencies and haplotypes were determined in 134 Iranian Arabs from two different communities and 91 Iranian Jews using PCR/RFLP and PCR/SSP methods. RESULTS Neighbor-joining analyses showed a closer genetic relationship between Iranian Arabs and Iranian Jews than between either Iranian Arabs and Middle Eastern Arabs or Iranian Jews and other Jews. The results of AMOVA test also revealed no significant difference between these populations and other Iranians. CONCLUSION It seems that, Iranian Arabs are originally from the Iranian gene pool and speak Arabic due to their encounter with Arabs. Iranian gene flow to immigrant Jews followed by their expansion in this country may also explain the close genetic relationship among different Iranian ethnic groups.
Angiography for Management of Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia: Does it Have Any Role?

Objective Perioperative myocardial ischemia (PMI) is a relatively rare but potentially fatal complication after coronary artery bypass grafting and is due to graft-related problems in a significant proportion of cases. The usual indicators of MI in the postoperative setting are unreliable and therefore have uncertain diagnostic value. Angiography, the criterion standard for preoperative angina, remains underused for evaluation of PMI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of angiography in the management of PMI. Methods Between January 2011 and September 2012, a total of 2312 isolated primary consecutive coronary artery bypass graft surgeries were performed, of which 2057 (89%) were carried out on the beating heart. Twenty-six (1.12%) of these patients needed perioperative angiography. The patients needing angiography were selected on the basis of a number of clinical, biochemical, and other diagnostic parameters Results Twenty-six patients with PMI required angiography, of which 18 (69 %) were found to have graft-related issues. The mean (SD) time between operation and angiography was 24.58 (6.71) hours. Of the 18 patients, 17 (94.44%) required surgical intervention and 1 patient was treated with angioplasty. There were 2 deaths (11.1%) in the group undergoing intervention. Angiographic findings included occluded vein graft (n = 7), narrowing of the left internal mammary artery (n = 3), and kinking or stretching of grafts (n = 8). Conclusions Angiography is useful in diagnosing graft-related problems in the perioperative period. In presence of signs of graft compromise, we suggest that having a low threshold for angiographic graft evaluation may be beneficial in a carefully selected subset of patients after coronary artery bypass.
Coordinated Sampling in Communication Constrained Sensor Networks using Markov Decision Processes

The paper describes a Markov Decision Process (MDP) framework for coordinated sensing and adaptive communication in embedded sensor networks. The technique enables distributed sensor nodes to adapt their sampling rates in response to changing event criticality and the availability of resources (energy) at each node. The relationship between energy consumption, sampling rates, and utility of coordinated measurements is formulated as a stochastic model. The resulting model is solved as an MDP to generate a globally optimal policy that specifies the sampling rates for each node for all possible states of the system. This policy is computed offline before deployment and only the resulting policy is stored within each node. The on-line computational cost of executing the policy is minimal since it involves only a lookup of the optimal policy table. The optimal policy is computed under the assumption that the state of all sensors is completely observable. During execution, each sensor maintains a local estimate of the other sensor’s states. Sensors exchange their true local states when an information theoretic model of the uncertainty in the local state estimates exceeds a pre-defined threshold. Thus, the communication cost of executing a global policy is incurred only when a relatively large gain in the accuracy of the global state estimate is expected. We show results on simulated data that demonstrate the efficacy of this distributed control framework, the effect that the various model parameters have on the generated control policy, and compare the performance of the proposed controller with other policies.
Sodium channels amplify spine potentials

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory synapses in the brain. Past theoretical work and recent experimental evidence have suggested that spines could contain sodium channels. We tested this by measuring the effect of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) on depolarizations generated by two-photon uncaging of glutamate on spines from mouse neocortical pyramidal neurons. In practically all spines examined, uncaging potentials were significantly reduced by TTX. This effect was postsynaptic and spatially localized to the spine and occurred with uncaging potentials of different amplitudes and in spines of different neck lengths. Our data confirm that spines from neocortical pyramidal neurons are electrically isolated from the dendrite and indicate that they have sodium channels and are therefore excitable structures. Spine sodium channels could boost synaptic potentials and facilitate action potential backpropagation.
Outcomes and predictors of response from an optimised, multidisciplinary intervention for chronic fatigue states

Medically unexplained chronic fatigue states are prevalent and challenging to manage. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) are effective in clinical trials. The evaluation of delivery in a standard healthcare setting is rare. An integrated treatment programme with individualised allocation of resources to patients’ needs was developed and implemented through an academic outpatient clinic. It was hypothesised that the programme would result in similar responses to those observed in the clinical trials.
A Quantitative-Behavioural Approach to Modelling Stock Market's Microstructure

For instance, in Table 1 one observes three bid insertions between 10:30:08.35 and 10:30:12.56, where the best bid in this period was bid 7 at limit 97.53 due to the price-time priority rule of the Xetra system. The insertion of an ask at 10:30:12.56 led to a transaction price of 97.53 and full execution of order 7, 10 and 11. This is illustrated in Figure 1 which contains the information shown in Table 1 starting at 10:30:11.00 with best bid at 97.53 (order 7) and best ask at 97.56 (order 8). The white circle at 10:30:12.56 represents the two transactions described above (see Figure 1). Therefore, neglecting the entire order book means disregarding the fact that prices are generated by order matching, thus ignoring important information contained in the order activities (as shown in Table 1 and Figure 1). Furthermore, at Xetra a large part of the orders for DAX 30-stocks are cancelled (see [2, p. 31]). The magnitude of this cancellation rate depends
An Explanation of Firms' Internationalisation Modes, Blending Firm Heterogeneity and Spatial Agglomeration: Microevidence from Italy

This paper uses a large sample of Italian manufacturing firms over the period 2004–06, to investigate whether different types of agglomeration economies affect firms' internationalisation choices. The main novelty of the work consists in linking the hypothesis of firm heterogeneity to the literature on agglomeration economies to explain firms' approaches and forms of internationalisation. We analyse two types of agglomeration economies: localisation economies and related variety. Our analyses show that the higher the firm's productivity level, the higher the probability it will engage in more complex modes of internationalisation and that localisation economies and related variety positively affect export but not the firm's multinational strategy. We check the robustness of our results using a two-stage instrumental-variable multinomial logit model in order to control for potential endogeneity of agglomeration variables.
Single‐dose systemic methotrexate vs expectant management for treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy: a placebo‐controlled randomized trial

Methotrexate is used routinely worldwide for the medical treatment of clinically stable women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy. This is despite the lack of robust evidence to show its superior effectiveness over expectant management. The aim of our multicenter randomized controlled trial was to compare success rates of methotrexate against placebo for the conservative treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Testing the efficacy of culturally adapted coping skills training for Chinese American immigrants with type 2 diabetes using community-based participatory research.

Chinese Americans demonstrate greater prevalence of diabetes than non-Hispanic whites and find standard diabetes care disregards their cultural health beliefs. Academic researchers and Chinatown agencies collaborated to culturally adapt and test an efficacious cognitive-behavioral intervention using community-based participatory research. Using a delayed-treatment repeated-measures design, 145 adult Chinese immigrants with Type 2 diabetes completed treatment. Immediate benefits of treatment were evident in the improvement (p < .05) in diabetes self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, bicultural efficacy, family emotional and instrumental support, diabetes quality of life, and diabetes distress. Prolonged benefits were evident in all changed variables 2 months post-intervention. The CBPR approach enabled the development of a culturally acceptable, efficacious behavioral intervention, and provides a model for working with communities that demonstrate health disparities.
Correlation between the EAT-26 and the EAT-40, the Eating Disorders Inventory, and the Restrained Eating Inventory

The 40-item Eating Attitudes Jest, the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test, the Restrained Eating Inventory (El), and the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI) were given to 81 women who were participating in an eating disorders study. The EAT-26 totals and the scores of the three factors were intercorrelated. The scores of the EAT-26 were also correlated with the scores of the EAT-40, and El, and the EDI. The EAT-26 correlated significantly with all three of its factors as well as with the EAT-40. These results suggest that the EAT-26 is a reliable and economical substitute for the EAT-40. The EAT-26 correlates highly with the eight subscales of the EDI and with the El, suggesting concurrent validity.
Dental caries among the elderly in Norway

Objectives: To describe the occurrence of decayed teeth (DT), missing teeth (MT), filled teeth (FT), and the total sum score DMFT in elderly Norwegian pensioners, 67 years or more. Basic procedures: A representative sample of 582 elderly Norwegians (12.5% receiving social care) participated in a nationwide study (46% men and 54% women). In all, 394 (68%) still had some of their own teeth. A standardized clinical examination was performed by one of the authors (BMH) using well‐defined criteria. Main findings: Mean DT was 0.46, FT was 8.4, and DMFT was 25.4. Mean number of root remnants was 0.11. Mean DT, FT, DMFT, and root remnants for the dentate participants were 0.67, 12.4, 24.1, and 0.17, respectively. Men had significantly higher DT than women. DT decreased with increasing age. Only small differences were found in the prevalence of dentate individuals with caries between gender, age groups, geographical regions, and residence in areas of varying population density. Conclusion: It seems that caries is a minor problem in the Norwegian elderly population. Age and the number of remaining teeth do not have a decisive role in the development of caries. Further, there are no differences in these respects between geographical areas in Norway.
Lens Vitreous Humor Changes Expression of Iron-Handling Proteins in Lens Epithelial Cells

Citation: Goralska M, Fleisher LN, McGahan MC. Vitreous humor changes expression of iron-handling proteins in lens epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:1187– 1195. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-20610 PURPOSE. In humans, vitrectomy is associated with development of nuclear cataracts. Iron catalyzes free radical formation causing oxidative damage, which is implicated in cataract formation. This study was designed to determine if vitreous humor, which can initiate differentiation of lens epithelial cells, would have an effect on iron-handling proteins.
New three-phase multilevel voltage source inverter with low switching frequency

This paper proposes a new multilevel circuit topology for a three-phase voltage source inverter. The inverter is built from the conventional three-phase full bridge configuration with the addition of five bidirectional switches. With this inverter, seven levels in the output line-to-line voltage waveforms are obtained. The operational principles of the inverter with low switching frequency are analyzed in detail. For verification, computer simulation has been carried out and hardware testing on a prototype inverter with the control algorithm implemented on a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor has been conducted.
State Resettlement Policies in Post-Colonial Rural Mozambique: The Impact of the Communal Village Programme on Tete Province, 1977-1982

This article considers the impact of the villagisation policy implemented by the new Frelimo government in Tete province between 1977 and 1982. It traces continuities with the unpopular policy of colonial era aldeamentos, the concentrated settlements which served counter‐insurgency purposes during the war for independence, and which had been a subject of guerrilla attack. The article focuses on the economic basis of the new villages, exploring the introduction of collective production, interventions in marketing, and the ecological implications of concentrated settlement. A discussion of the early years of Renamo's war in Tete, and its interaction with the state's rural policies, forms the final section of the article.
Studies on hypersensitivity.

THE FIRST HALF of the present century has witnessed a phenomenal progress in the understanding, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. While many of the medical achievements of this halfcentury have been built in logical progression upon foundations laid by the remarkable men of genius who flourished in the last century, many others are, as far as that is ever possible in science, new developments of a new era. One of the highly important and extremely interesting achievements of the latter class is the development of concepts and of knowledge relating to hypersensitivity. Before the present century, the word "allergy" did not exist. The phenomenon of bacterial hypersensitivity had been discovered by Koch at the end of the last century, but it was not until the present century that Richet and Portier discovered and named anaphylaxis; that Arthus discovered the phenomenon that bears his name; that serum sickness was first described, studied and named by von Pirquet and Schick; that the relation of antibody to hypersensitivity was first indicated by Hamburger and Moro; and that the phenomenon of desensitization was clearly exposed by Besredka. And it was not until the present century that it was recognized that hypersensitivity can produce serious disturbances of the respiratory tract and the alimentary tract; of the cardiovascular, the urinary, the haematopoietic, the ocular, and the nervous systems; that it damages the connective tissues and the joints, and is responsible for a multiplicity of cutaneous disorders; nor was there any suspicion that a vast number of different environmental substances, which are in themselves relatively harmless, can produce distressing and even fatal disease thiough their capacity to induce the hypersensitive state. This discussion will be confined to a review of some aspects of hypersensitivity which my associates and I have studied, and with which, therefore, I have more immediate familiarity; though in so doing, I am keenly aware that I shall hardly be touching the surface of this vast and important field. One can roughly separate the disorders produced by hypersensitivity into two categories. First,