Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcellular distribution of spinophilin immunolabeling in primate prefrontal cortex: Localization to and within dendritic spines

Signal transduction in the nervous system depends on kinases and phosphatases, whose localization is regulated by a large group of scaffolding proteins. In particular, protein phosphatase‐1 mediates dopamine's actions on a variety of substrates, including glutamate receptors, and this, in turn, depends on the binding of protein phosphatase‐1 to its binding protein spinophilin. To better understand spinophilin's role in targeting protein phosphatase‐1 within neurons, we used a combination of preembedding immunoperoxidase and postembedding immunogold labeling and electron microscopy to determine the localization of this scaffolding protein in macaque prefrontal cortex. Consistent with previous reports, spinophilin was found predominantly in dendritic spines, but a significant number of labeled dendritic shafts and, less frequently, glia and preterminal axons were also identified. By using the postembedding immunogold method, we further examined the distribution of spinophilin within dendritic spines. Spinophilin immunoreactivity was present throughout the spine, but the density of label was heterogeneous and defined two domains. The highest density of label was associated with the postsynaptic density and the 100 nm immediately subjacent to it. The deeper region of the spine, further than 100 nm from the postsynaptic density, had a lower density of spinophilin label. The distribution of spinophilin reported in this study supports its role in modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission but also suggests the possibility that spinophilin may target protein phosphatase‐1 to other sites within the spine or to other neuronal or glial compartments. J. Comp. Neurol. 469:185–197, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular hyperpolarization in human physiology and cardiovascular risk conditions and disease

Hyperpolarization causing smooth muscle relaxation contributes to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, particularly in small‐calibre arteries and arterioles. It may also become a compensatory vasodilator mechanism upregulated in states with impaired nitric oxide (NO) availability. Bioassay of vascular hyperpolarization in the human circulation has been hampered by the complexity of mechanisms involved and the limited availability of investigational tools. Firm evidence, however, supports the notion that hyperpolarization participates in the regulation of resting vasodilator tone and vascular reactivity in healthy subjects. In addition, an enhanced endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization contributes to both resting and agonist‐stimulated vasodilation in a variety of cardiovascular risk conditions and disease. Thus, hyperpolarization mediated by epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and H2O2 has been observed in coronary arterioles of patients with coronary artery disease. Similarly, ouabain‐sensitive and EETs‐mediated hyperpolarization has been observed to compensate for NO deficiency in patients with essential hypertension. Moreover, in non‐hypertensive patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and in hypercholesterolaemia, KCa channel‐mediated vasodilation appears to be activated. A novel paradigm establishes that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional regulator of vascular tone/function and endothelium is not the only agent in vascular hyperpolarization. Indeed, some PVAT‐derived relaxing substances, such as adiponectin and angiotensin 1‐7, may exert anticontractile and vasodilator actions by the opening of KCa channels in smooth muscle cells. Conversely, PVAT‐derived factors impair coronary vasodilation via differential inhibition of some K+ channels. In view of adipose tissue abnormalities occurring in human obesity, changes in PVAT‐dependent hyperpolarization may be relevant for vascular dysfunction also in this condition.
A relevance feedback scheme based on Hidden Markov Model Regression for 3D model retrieval

Relevance feedback is an iterative search technique to bridge the semantic gap between the high level user intention and low level data representation. This technique interactively determines a user's desired output or query concept by asking the user whether certain proposed 3D models are relevant or not. For a relevance feedback algorithm to be effective, it must grasp a user's query concept accurately. In this paper, we propose a relevance feedback framework based on Hidden Markov Model Regression (HMMR) in content-based 3D model retrieval systems. Given a 3D model retrieval system, we collect and store user's feedback and use HMMR to enhance the retrieval performances. Experimental results show that this algorithm achieves higher search accuracy than traditional query refinement schemes.
Constitutive Expression of MHC Class II Genes in Melanoma Cell Lines Results from the Transcription of Class II Transactivator Abnormally Initiated from Its B Cell-Specific Promoter1

In melanoma cell lines, two different patterns of MHC class II expression have been described, either an IFN γ-inducible expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DP, with a faint or null expression of HLA-DQ, resembling that described for melanocytes, or a constitutive expression, i.e., IFN-γ independent, of all three HLA-D isotypes. As this latter phenotype has been associated with a more rapid progression of melanoma tumors, we have analyzed in different melanoma cell lines the molecular mechanisms leading to this abnormal pattern of MHC class II expression. In agreement with the evidence of a coordinate transcription of the HLA-D genes in these cell lines, we have shown the constitutive expression of CIITA (class II transactivator) transcripts, CIITA being known as the master switch of MHC class II expression. Unexpectedly, these transcripts initiate from promoter III of the CIITA gene, a promoter that is mainly used constitutively in B lymphocytes. This expression was further shown to occur through factor(s) acting on the enhancer located upstream of CIITA promoter III, which was previously described in epithelioid cells as an IFN-γ-response sequence. The hypothesis of a general abnormality of the IFN-γ transduction pathway was dismissed. Constitutive transcription of CIITA from promoter III having been observed in unrelated melanoma cell lines, we propose the hypothesis that this phenomenon might not be a random event, but could be linked to the neoplasic state of the melanoma cells.
Promoting Personal Recovery in People with Persisting Psychotic Disorders: Development and Pilot Study of a Novel Digital Intervention

Background For people with persisting psychotic disorders, personal recovery has become an important target of mental health services worldwide. Strongly influenced by mental health service consumer perspectives, personal recovery refers to being able to live a satisfying and contributing life irrespective of ongoing symptoms and disability. Contact with peers with shared lived experience is often cited as facilitative of recovery. We aimed to develop and pilot a novel recovery-based digitally supported intervention for people with a psychotic illness. Methods We developed a website to be used on a tablet computer by mental health workers to structure therapeutic discussions about personal recovery. Central to the site was a series of video interviews of people with lived experience of psychosis discussing how they had navigated issues within their own recovery based on the Connectedness–Hope–Identity–Meaning–Empowerment model of recovery. We examined the feasibility and acceptability of an 8-session low intensity intervention using this site in 10 participants with persisting psychotic disorders and conducted a proof-of-concept analysis of outcomes. Results All 10 participants completed the full course of sessions, and it was possible to integrate use of the website into nearly all sessions. Participant feedback confirmed that use of the website was a feasible and acceptable way of working. All participants stated that they would recommend the intervention to others. Post-intervention, personal recovery measured by the Questionnaire for the Process of Recovery had improved by an average standardized effect of d = 0.46, 95% CI [0.07, 0.84], and 8 of the 10 participants reported that their mental health had improved since taking part in the intervention. Conclusion In-session use of digital resources featuring peer accounts of recovery is feasible and acceptable and shows promising outcomes. A randomized controlled trial is the next step in evaluating the efficacy of this low intensity intervention when delivered in conjunction with routine mental health care.
Dephased FLAPS for improved visualization of susceptibility-shifted passive devices for real-time interventional MRI

Recently, balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) magnetic resonance imaging at small flip angles (i.e. FLAPS imaging) has been shown to preferentially enhance the visibility of spins residing near susceptibility-shifted media by exploiting the unique spectral response of SSFP signals. Nevertheless, the use of FLAPS imaging to visualize passive, susceptibility-shifted devices within thick slices is complicated by partial volume effects that reduce the conspicuity of the devices. In this work, dephased FLAPS (dFLAPS), a variation of the FLAPS method with dephasing gradients applied in the slice direction, is presented as a method for improving the contrast of susceptibility-shifted interventional devices in thick-slice magnetic resonance images by suppressing signal from on-resonant spins. In comparison to FLAPS imaging, results demonstrate that dFLAPS imaging of thick, projection-like slices improves the contrast of susceptibility-shifted devices relative to background signal with no increase in acquisition time.
Individual chitin synthase enzymes synthesize microfibrils of differing structure at specific locations in the Candida albicans cell wall

The shape and integrity of fungal cells is dependent on the skeletal polysaccharides in their cell walls of which β(1,3)‐glucan and chitin are of principle importance. The human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans has four genes, CHS1, CHS2, CHS3 and CHS8, which encode chitin synthase isoenzymes with different biochemical properties and physiological functions. Analysis of the morphology of chitin in cell wall ghosts revealed two distinct forms of chitin microfibrils: short microcrystalline rodlets that comprised the bulk of the cell wall; and a network of longer interlaced microfibrils in the bud scars and primary septa. Analysis of chitin ghosts of chs mutant strains by shadow‐cast transmission electron microscopy showed that the long‐chitin microfibrils were absent in chs8 mutants and the short‐chitin rodlets were absent in chs3 mutants. The inferred site of chitin microfibril synthesis of these Chs enzymes was corroborated by their localization determined in Chsp–YFP‐expressing strains. These results suggest that Chs8p synthesizes the long‐chitin microfibrils, and Chs3p synthesizes the short‐chitin rodlets at the same cellular location. Therefore the architecture of the chitin skeleton of C. albicans is shaped by the action of more than one chitin synthase at the site of cell wall synthesis.
Systemic Signaling in Tomato Plants for Defense against Herbivores

An 18-amino acid peptide in tomato leaves called systemin is a primary signal released at wound sites in response to herbivory that systemically signals the activation of defense genes throughout the plants. We report here the isolation of three hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides from tomato leaves, of 20, 18, and 15 amino acids in length, that signal the activation of defense genes, similar to the activity of the systemin peptide. The three new peptides cause an alkalinization of suspension-cultured cells and induce the synthesis of defensive proteinase inhibitor proteins when supplied at fmol levels to young tomato plants through their cut stems. This suggests that they are part of the wound signaling of tomato plants that activates defense against herbivores and pathogens. Isolation of cDNAs coding for the tomato peptides revealed that they are all derived from the same pre-proprotein precursor that is systemically wound-inducible. The peptides are considered members of the functionally characterized systemin family of defense signals from plants that are synthesized both in wounded leaves and in distal, unwounded leaves in response to herbivory or other mechanical wounding. The precursor deduced from the cDNA exhibits a leader sequence, indicating that it is synthesized through the secretory pathway, where it is hydroxylated and glycosylated. The amino acid sequence of the precursor exhibited weak identity to the precursor of two hydroxyproline-rich defense signals recently found in tobacco, suggesting that the two pre-protein precursors have evolved from a common ancestral protein. The identification of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein systemins in tomato indicates that the initiation of wound signaling is more complex than previously thought and appears to involve multiple peptide signals.
An improved algorithm for community discovery in social networks based on label propagation

Community discovery in social networks can be seen a classification problem for the networks vertices. Therefore, an improved label propagation algorithm for the community discovery is proposed based on the perspective of pattern classification. The algorithm based on secondary classification ideology can be simply described as follows: the social networks are first divided into several original communities based on networks structure and the results of classification are assigned to each vertex of the networks as the label; secondly, the label are spread based on local similarity of vertices; ultimately the vertices which have same labels can be divided into a community. It is a process of secondary classification that can reduce uncertainty of the labels setting and randomness of labels propagation effectively. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm can greatly improve the quality and stability of community discovery.
Trends in Multi-document Summarization System Methods

formation is knowledge if it is rightly applied. Information are stored with different formats in databases but retrieving such from different documents has been a challenge. People want ready-made information for the purpose of decision making in minimal time and thereby crave for summary of information. Automatic summarization helps in mining data and delivering timely and cogent information to users. These systems attempt to address the issue of data mining using different summarization methods. This paper discusses existing methods and state of the art in automatic summarisation system from recent articles. Achievement and challenges involve are also discussed.
Recontextualizing participatory journalists’ mobile media in British television news: A case study of the live coverage and commemorations of the 2005 London bombings

This article examines contributions from members of the public featured in British television news coverage of the 2005 London bombings (‘7/7’). Specifically, it explores how images (photographs and videos) captured by ordinary people on their mobile devices were used in the live news reportage of 7/7 and, given the current salience of commemorative journalism, how these were (re-)used in the tragedy’s first year anniversary coverage. The analysis reveals broadcasters’ selection of uniform, repetitive and ‘sanitized’ mobile media footage, as well as a tendency towards non-attribution. This article contributes to the scant body of discourse analytic research into ‘participatory journalism’ practices, particularly their interaction with ‘traditional’ forms of journalism.
Inflammasome and Fas-Mediated IL-1β Contributes to Th17/Th1 Cell Induction in Pathogenic Bacterial Infection In Vivo

CD4+ Th cells play crucial roles in orchestrating immune responses against pathogenic microbes, after differentiating into effector subsets. Recent research has revealed the importance of IFN-γ and IL-17 double-producing CD4+ Th cells, termed Th17/Th1 cells, in the induction of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In addition, Th17/Th1 cells are involved in the regulation of infection caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans. However, the precise mechanism of Th17/Th1 induction during pathogen infection is unclear. In this study, we showed that the inflammasome and Fas-dependent IL-1β induces Th17/Th1 cells in mice, in response to infection with the pathogenic intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In the spleens of infected wild-type mice, Th17/Th1 cells were induced, and expressed T-bet and Rorγt. In Pycard−/− mice, which lack the adaptor molecule of the inflammasome (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain), Th17/Th1 induction was abolished. In addition, the Fas-mediated IL-1β production was required for Th17/Th1 induction during bacterial infection: Th17/Th1 induction was abolished in Fas−/− mice, whereas supplementation with recombinant IL-1β restored Th17/Th1 induction via IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1), and rescued the mortality of Fas−/− mice infected with Listeria. IL-1R1, but not apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain or Fas on T cells, was required for Th17/Th1 induction, indicating that IL-1β stimulates IL-1R1 on T cells for Th17/Th1 induction. These results indicate that IL-1β, produced by the inflammasome and Fas-dependent mechanisms, contributes cooperatively to the Th17/Th1 induction during bacterial infection. This study provides a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Th17/Th1 induction during pathogenic microbial infections in vivo.
Partial deletion of membrane-bound domain of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase eliminates sterol-enhanced degradation and prevents formation of crystalloid endoplasmic reticulum

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by a hydrophobic NH2- terminal domain that contains seven apparent membrane-spanning regions and a single N-linked carbohydrate chain. The catalytic domain, which includes the COOH-terminal two-thirds of the protein, extends into the cytoplasm. The enzyme is normally degraded with a rapid half-life (2 h), but when cells are depleted of cholesterol, its half-life is prolonged to 11 h. Addition of sterols accelerates degradation by fivefold. To explore the requirements for regulated degradation, we prepared expressible reductase cDNAs from which we either deleted two contiguous membrane-spanning regions (numbers 4 and 5) or abolished the single site for N-linked glycosylation. When expressed in hamster cells after transfection, both enzymes retained catalytic activity. The deletion-bearing enzyme continued to be degraded with a rapid half-life in the presence of sterols, but it no longer was stabilized when sterols were depleted. The glycosylation-minus enzyme was degraded at a normal rate and was stabilized normally by sterol deprivation. When cells were induced to overexpress the deletion-bearing enzyme, they did not incorporate it into neatly arranged crystalloid ER tubules, as occurred with the normal and carbohydrate-minus enzymes. Rather, the deletion-bearing enzyme was incorporated into hypertrophied but disordered sheets of ER membrane. We conclude that the carbohydrate component of HMG CoA reductase is not required for proper subcellular localization or regulated degradation. In contrast, the native structure of the transmembrane component is required to form a normal crystalloid ER and to allow the enzyme to undergo regulated degradation by sterols.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Cytoskeleton Reorganization Mediates Alpha6beta1 Integrin-associated Actions of Laminin on Proliferation and Survival, but Not on Steroidogenesis of Ovine Granulosa Cells

Background: Laminin (LN) is one of the most abundant extracellular matrix components of the basal lamina and granulosa cell layers of ovarian follicles. Culture of ovine granulosa cells (GC) on LN substratum induces cell spreading, enhances cell survival and proliferation, and promotes luteinization. Previous investigations have shown that these effects are mostly mediated by the alpha6beta1 integrin, but its signalization pathways have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the importance of the cytoskeleton in the alpha6beta1 integrin-mediated actions of laminin on survival, proliferation and steroidogenesis of ovine GC.
EMPLOYER SUPPORTED CHILD CARE, WORK/ FAMILY CONFLICT, AND ABSENTEEISM: A FIELD STUDY

This study examined the relations among employer supported child care, work/family conflict and absenteeism. No support was found for the hypothesis that use of a child care center at work would reduce the amount of work/family conflict and absenteeism of employed parents. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicated that supportive supervision and satisfaction with child care arrangements (regardless of location) were related to less work/family conflict. Further, it was found that less work/family conflict was related to lower levels of absenteeism. The results have implications for the role of employers in addressing child care concerns of employees.
Accurate Phase-Based Ranging Measurements for Backscatter RFID Tags

Short-distance, millimeter-level ranging based on backscatter RF tags remains a challenge today. We propose a composite dual-frequency continuous-wave and continuous-wave (DFCW/CW) radar system for localization of backscatter RF tags. The coarse DFCW range result is used to correct the cycle ambiguity of the more accurate CW range result. A minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based method is employed to combine the DFCW and CW ranging data, given spectrum constraints. The composite radar concept is demonstrated with a custom 5.8-GHz backscatter RF tag system in a typical indoor laboratory environment with a strong line-of-sight (LOS). Results show that the MMSE technique can resolve the CW cycle ambiguity for a moving tag and results in a range error of approximately 1 mm after an acquisition period.
High-order modulation scheme based on combinational QPSK accelerators for HSPA evolution in UE

The UMTS Channel Unit Processor for 3GPP Base Station introduced earlier in its early version is an advanced 3G BTS baseband processor system that includes the QPSK Tx and couple of other key ASIC accelerators. Originally, the ASIC Tx accelerator targeted for supporting the WCDMA baseband transmission. This paper continues a deep study of the Channel Unit Processor ASIC Tx accelerator and extends it to UE (User equipment) and MTE transmitters by using the combinations of the basic QPSK structures to fully implement all the possible modulation schemes from BPSK, rotated QPSK, 4PAM, 16QAM, and 64QAM. At the end the paper gives out a general form of the combinational implementation for the higher order QAM (HOM) schemes.
The A(i)/GI/l Queue: A new model of transitory queueing

We introduce the Δ(i)/GI/1 queue, a new model of transitory queueing, where demand for service exists only in a fixed interval of time and a large, but finite, number of customers enter the system. Customers independently arrive according to some given distribution F. Thus, the arrival times are an ordered statistics, and the inter-arrival times are differences of consecutive ordered statistics. They are served by a single server which provides service according to a general distribution G, with independent service times. The exact model is analytically intractable. Thus, we develop fluid and diffusion limits for the various stochastic processes as the population size is increased. The fluid limit of the queue length is observed to be a reflected process, while the diffusion limit is observed to be a function of a Brownian motion and a Brownian bridge, and given by a netput process and a directional derivative of the Skorokhod reflected fluid netput in the direction of a diffusion refinement of the netput process.