Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Core Size Distribution of Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticles on Harmonic Magnetization

In magnetic particle imaging (MPI), harmonic magnetization signals detected from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are used to image the spatial distribution of the MNPs. The strength of the harmonic signals is directly related to the sensitivity of the MPI system. In this study, we used numerical simulations based on the Fokker-Planck equation to explore the effect of the core size distribution of an immobilized MNP sample on the harmonic signals. We assumed an anisotropy value of 5 kJ/m^3 and a uniform volume-weighted core size distribution of MNPs ranging from 17.4 to 37.6 nm to simulate a typical MNPs sample. First, we show that the strength of the harmonic signals of the MNP sample were much lower than calculated from the scalar summation of the harmonic signals generated from each MNP in the sample. For example, the strength of the 9th harmonic signal decreased to one-third. This indicates that about 67% of the 9th harmonic signals generated from each MNP are mutually cancelled. We then show that the phase lag of the magnetization due to a finite Neel relaxation time caused lower harmonic magnetization signals of the MNP sample when the core size was distributed. These results indicate that an MNP sample with a narrow size distribution and small anisotropy energy would effectively improve the sensitivity of the MPI system.
On derandomizing algorithms that err extremely rarely

Does derandomization of probabilistic algorithms become easier when the number of "bad" random inputs is extremely small? In relation to the above question, we put forward the following quantified derandomization challenge: For a class of circuits C (e.g., P/poly or AC0, AC0[2]) and a bounding function B: N → N (e.g., B(n) = nlog n or B(n) = exp(n0.99))), given an n-input circuit C from C that evaluates to 1 on all but at most B(n) of its inputs, find (in deterministic polynomial-time) an input x such that C(x) = 1. Indeed, the standard derandomization challenge for the class C corresponds to the case of B(n) = 2n/2 (or to B(n) = 2n/3 for the two-sided version case). Our main results regarding the new quantified challenge are: 1. Solving the quantified derandomization challenge for the class AC0 and every sub-exponential bounding function (e.g., B(n) = exp(n0.999)). 2. Showing that solving the quantified derandomization challenge for the class AC0[2] and any sub-exponential bounding function (e.g., B(n) = exp(n0.001)), implies solving the standard derandomization challenge for the class AC0[2] (i.e., for B(n) = 2n/2). Analogous results are obtained also for stronger (Black-box) forms of efficient derandomization like hitting-set generators. We also obtain results for other classes of computational devices including log-space algorithms and Arithmetic circuits. For the latter we present a deterministic polynomial-time hitting set generator for the class of n-variate polynomials of degree d over GF(2) that evaluate to 0 on at most an O(2-d) fraction of their inputs. In general, the quantified derandomization problem raises a variety of seemingly unexplored questions about many randomized complexity classes, and may offer a tractable approach to unconditional derandomization for some of them.
Nongrowing Preferential Attachment Random Graphs

Abstract We consider an edge rewiring process that is widely used to model the dynamics of scale-free weblike networks. This process uses preferential attachment and operates on sparse multigraphs with n vertices and m edges. We prove that its mixing time is optimal and develop a framework that simplifies the calculation of graph properties in the steady state. The applicability of this framework is demonstrated by calculating the degree distribution, the number of self-loops, and the threshold for the appearance of the giant component.
Cardiovascular Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer: ABCDE Steps to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Prostate Cancer

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old man with a new diagnosis of locally advanced prostate cancer is referred to the cardio-oncology clinic for optimization of his cardiovascular health after treatment with degarelix, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist, for his prostate cancer. Two years ago, he had a myocardial infarction resulting in placement of a drug-eluting stent in his proximal left anterior descending artery. He has had no recurrent symptoms but lives a sedentary lifestyle. An electrocardiogram showed normal sinus rhythm. His most recent echocardiogram demonstrated a structurally normal heart with normal left ventricular ejection fraction. He takes aspirin 81 mg daily. He has hypertension, with the last recorded blood pressure of 160/90 mm Hg, and he is currently treated with metoprolol 25 mg twice daily and lisinopril 40 mg daily. He has diabetes mellitus that is treated with glipizide 10 mg daily, and his last hemoglobin A1c level was 7.4 mg/dL. He is also treated with pravastatin 40 mg daily; his low-density lipoprotein was 120 mg/dL at his most recent clinic visit. He continues to smoke 1 pack of cigarettes daily, and his body mass index is 30 kg/m2. Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer death.1 In 2015, there were an estimated 3 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States; this number will reach 4 million in the next decade.1 Because of the indolent, slowly progressive disease course of prostate cancer and advances in early detection and effective treatment, non–cancer-related deaths are the most common causes of mortality.2 In particular, given the prevalence of pre-existing and new cardiovascular disease (CVD), ischemic heart disease is the most common noncancer cause of death in patients with prostate cancer.2 Androgen …
Impact of Psychoeducation on Professional Stress Reduction Among Prison Guards

CONFLICT OF INTEREST: NONE DECLARED Introduction Through psychological support for prison guard’s awareness about professional stress and burn-out, cognitive assessment of stress consequences, insight in coping strategies, as well as prevention of stress consequences is achieved. Aim Evaluation of psychoeducation effects on professional stress consequences within prison guards. Method In the research were included 122 prison guards from three prisons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All of them have been tested before and after psychoeducation was finished using following instruments: Index of reaction, STAI questionnaire, SAMAČA questionnaire. Results Differences between first and second measuring of subjects included in this study in Sarajevo prison indicated statistically significant reduction of stress reactions, improvement of coping strategies and communication skills. In prisons Zenica and Kula there are differences between first and second measurement in stress reactions reduction, improvement of coping strategies and overcoming of stress and improvement of communication skills as well, which are not statistically significant. In Kula prison, significant differences between two measurements in attitudes of prison guards toward detainees were observed. Conclusions Results of this study show that prison guards within prisons where are detained persons with long period of imprisonment are more exposed to professional stress, comparing to prison guards who are employed in investigation prison. Psychoeducation resulted in positive effects and it should be obligatory included in prison guards training with the aim of decreasing of psychological consequences of prolonged professional stress to which they are exposed to. Psychoeducation should be on continuous basis and led by educated mental health professionals.
Lattice of dielectric particles with double negative response

We study numerically and analytically isotropic arrays of spheres and two-dimensional lattices of cylinders that exhibit double negative response. The analytical expression for the effective permittivity and permeability of the mixture of spheres is improved by taking into account interaction between two sublattices. Numerical simulations are done in Agilent HFSS 5.4. Design parameters for future experiments are presented.
Primary Survey

LOW DOSE NALBUPHINE TREATMENT DOES NOT PRODUCE ADEQUATE ANALGESIA IN PREHOSPITAL CARE Nalbuphine hydrochloride was, until recently, the only intravenous analgesic authorised for use by paramedics. While the manufacturer’s datasheet provides guidelines on dosing regimens, in practice these vary in each ambulance Trust. We sought to determine if a low dose regimen, designed to minimise the incidence of respiratory depression, was safe and effective. We found side effects were rare and not clinically significant, but that the regimen resulted in inadequate analgesia in a high proportion of patients. Larger incremental doses delivered over shorter intervals should be adopted. However, these may risk increasing the incidence of side effects, and further research is required to determine the optimal regimen. See page 565
Rhenium dichalcogenides (ReX2, X = S or Se): an emerging class of TMDs family

The two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been attracting increasing interest due to their unique structures and remarkable properties. As a new member of the TMDs family, rhenium dichalcogenides (ReX2, X = S or Se) possess many distinctive features because of an unusually distorted octahedral (1T) crystal structure with triclinic symmetry. In this unique crystal structure, each monolayer contains diamond-shaped chains (DS-chains) comprising interlinked Re4 clusters, which makes the structure anisotropic. This novel structure renders ReX2 with wide applications in (opto-)electronics, such as photodetectors and field effect transistors (FETs). ReX2 are new materials, so this review presents mainly basic and research work done in recent years. In the first part, the unique crystal and electronic structures are introduced. The second part summarizes the various growth methods for ReX2. Finally, the third part focuses on the applications in high-performance photodetectors and FETs based on 2D ReX2.
Entropy Measures in the Assessment of Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Cardiodepressive Vasovagal Syncope

Sample entropy (SampEn) was reported to be useful in the assessment of the complexity of heart rate dynamics. Permutation entropy (PermEn) is a new measure based on the concept of order and was previously shown to be accurate for short, non-stationary datasets. The aim of the present study is to assess if SampEn and PermEn obtained from baseline recordings might differentiate patients with various outcomes of the head-up tilt test (HUTT). Time-domain heart rate variability (HRV) indices and several nonlinear parameters were calculated using 500 RR interval-long ECG recordings done before tilting in patients with a history suggesting vasovagal syncope. Groups of patients with so-called cardiodepressive vasovagal syncope (VVS_2) during HUTT and patients who did not faint during the test were compared. Two types of HUT tests were analyzed: with spontaneous (SB) or controlled breathing (CB). In our study, SampEn was higher in VVS_2 patients during SB, and PermEn was higher in VVS_2 patients during CB. Irrespective of the type of breathing during the test, SampEn and PermEn were similar in patients with the same type of reaction during HUTT. The use of several entropy-based parameters seems to be useful in HRV assessment in patients with vasovagal fainting.
Electrochemical Formation of Ca-Si in Molten CaCl2-KCl

the CaCl2-KCl eutectic melt in a dry argon atmosphere. Temperature measurements were performed using a Chromel-Alumel thermocouple, with an accuracy of ±1 K. To investigate the electrochemical behavior, n-type Si plates (5 mm × 20 mm × 0.5 mm; 99.5%, Nilaco Co. Ltd.) were used as the working electrodes. The reference electrode was a silver wire immersed in CaCl2-KCl containing 1 mol% of AgCl, placed in an alumina tube with a thin bottom to maintain electrical contact with the melt. The potential of the reference electrode was calibrated with reference to that of a M n+ /M electrode, which was prepared by electrodepositing an alkali metal on Mo wire. All potentials referred to in this paper are expressed with reference to the M n+ /M potential. The counter electrode was a glassy carbon rod (3 mm diameter; Tokai Carbon Co. Ltd.). A potentiostat/galvanostat (Hokuto Denko Co. Ltd. HZ-3000) was used for cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry measurements. The samples were prepared by potentiostatic electrolysis and rinsed with ethylene glycol. The obtained samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) with aC u Kα line. The surface and cross-section of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JSM-7001, JEOL). Forevaluationoftheopticalpropertiesofthefilms,ultraviolet-visiblenear infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) reflectance spectra were measured using a JASCO V-670 spectrophotometer.
Computer Vision-Based Gesture Tracking, Object Tracking, and 3D Reconstruction for Augmented Desks

The Perceptive Workbench endeavors to create a spontaneous and unimpeded interface between the physical and virtual worlds. Its vision-based methods for interaction constitute an alternative to wired input devices and tethered tracking. Objects are recognized and tracked when placed on the display surface. By using multiple infrared light sources, the object’s 3D shape can be captured and inserted into the virtual interface. This ability permits spontaneity since either preloaded objects or those objects selected at run-time by the user can become physical icons. Integrated into the same vision-based interface is the ability to identify 3D hand position, pointing direction, and sweeping arm gestures. Such gestures can enhance selection, manipulation, and navigation tasks. The Perceptive Workbench has been used for a variety of applications, including augmented reality gaming and terrain navigation. This paper focuses on the techniques used in implementing the Perceptive Workbench and the system’s performance.
TEENAGE FERTILITY AND HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION

This paper uses 1979-85 data on women from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to examine the economic, sociological, and institutional antecedents of adolescent childbearing and high school completion and to analyze the effect of early childbearing on school completion. Fertility and school completion are modeled as dichotomous outcomes, and their determinants are estimated using a bivariate probit specification. The paper finds evidence that adolescent childbearing is an endogenous determinant of high school completion and that failing to account for this endogeneity leads to an overestimate of the schooling consequences of early childbearing. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.
MobiStore: Achieving availability and load balance in a mobile P2P data store

MobiStore is a P2P data store for decentralized mobile computing, designed to achieve high availability and load balance. MobiStore uses redundant peers to compensate for churn and high link variability specific to mobile wireless networks. It structures the P2P network into clusters of mobile peers that replicate stored content, thus achieving high availability. Load balance is achieved through consistent hashing, randomization of request distribution, and load adaptive cluster management. Furthermore, MobiStore can route lookup requests in O(1) hops. Simulation results show MobiStore achieves an availability, i.e., lookup success rate, between 1.2 and 5 times higher than a baseline system built over the well-known Chord P2P protocol; it also reduces the latency up to 5 times compared with the baseline.
Investigating Factors that Generate and Maintain Variation in Migratory Orientation: A Primer for Recent and Future Work

The amazing accuracy of migratory orientation performance across the animal kingdom is facilitated by the use of magnetic and celestial compass systems that provide individuals with both directional and positional information. Quantitative genetics analyses in several animal systems suggests that migratory orientation has a strong genetic component. Nevertheless, the exact identity of genes controlling orientation remains largely unknown, making it difficult to obtain an accurate understanding of this fascinating behavior on the molecular level. Here, we provide an overview of molecular genetic techniques employed thus far, highlight the pros and cons of various approaches, generalize results from species-specific studies whenever possible, and evaluate how far the field has come since early quantitative genetics studies. We emphasize the importance of examining different levels of molecular control, and outline how future studies can take advantage of high-resolution tracking and sequencing techniques to characterize the genomic architecture of migratory orientation.
Segmentation and boundary detection using multiscale intensity measurements

Image segmentation is difficult because objects may differ from their background by any of a variety of properties that can be observed in some, but often not all scales. A further complication is that coarse measurements, applied to the image for detecting these properties, often average over properties of neighboring segments, making it difficult to separate the segments and to reliably detect their boundaries. Below we present a method for segmentation that generates and combines multiscale measurements of intensity contrast, texture differences, and boundary integrity. The method is based on our former algorithm SWA, which efficiently detects segments that optimize a normalized-cut like measure by recursively coarsening a graph reflecting similarities between intensities of neighboring pixels. In this process aggregates of pixels of increasing size are gradually collected to form segments. We intervene in this process by computing properties of the aggregates and modifying the graph to reflect these coarse scale measurements. This allows us to detect regions that differ by fine as well as coarse properties, and to accurately locate their boundaries. Furthermore, by combining intensity differences with measures of boundary integrity across neighboring aggregates we can detect regions separated by weak, yet consistent edges.
ILLC-UvA Adaptation System (Scorpio) at WMT’16 IT-DOMAIN Task

This paper describes Scorpio, the ILLCUvA Adaptation System submitted to the IT-DOMAIN translation task at WMT 2016, which participated with the language pair of English-Dutch. This system consolidates the ideas in our previous work on latent variable models for adaptation, and demonstrates their effectiveness in a competitive setting.
Wage Curve vs. Phillips Curve: Are There Macroeconomic Implications?

The standard derivation of the accelerationist Phillips curve relates expected real wage inflation to the unemployment rate and invokes a constant price markup and adaptive expectations to generate the accelerationist price inflation formula. Blanchflower and Oswald (1994) argue that microeconomic evidence of a low autoregression coefficient in real wage regressions invalidates the macroeconomic Phillips curve. This conclusion has been disputed by a number of authors on the grounds that the true autoregression coefficient is close to one. This paper shows that given the assumption of a constant price markup, micro-level real wage dynamics have no observable implications for macro data on wage and price inflation.
How can ignorant but patient cognitive terminals learn their strategy and utility?

This paper aims to contribute to bridge the gap between existing theoretical results in distributed radio resource allocation policies based on equilibria in games (assuming complete information and rational players) and practical design of signal processing algorithms for self-configuring wireless networks. For this purpose, the framework of learning theory in games is exploited. Here, a new learning algorithm based on mild information assumptions at the transmitters is presented. This algorithm possesses attractive convergence properties not available for standard reinforcement learning algorithms and in addition, it allows each transmitter to learn both its optimal strategy and the values of its expected utility for all its actions. A detailed convergence analysis is conducted. In particular, a framework for studying heterogeneous wireless networks where transmitters do not learn at the same rate is provided. The proposed algorithm, which can be applied to any wireless network verifying the information assumptions stated, is applied to the case of multiple access channels in order to provide some numerical results.
Call admission control schemes and performance analysis in wireless mobile networks

Call admission control (CAC) plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service in wireless networks. Many CAC schemes have been proposed. Analytical results for some performance metrics such as call blocking probabilities are obtained under some specific assumptions. It is observed, however, that due to the mobility, some assumptions may not be valid, which is the case when the average values of channel holding times for new calls and handoff calls are not equal. We reexamine some of the analytical results for call blocking probabilities for some call admission control schemes under more general assumptions and provide some easier-to-compute approximate formulas.
RNase III-Independent Autogenous Regulation of Escherichia coli Polynucleotide Phosphorylase via Translational Repression

ABSTRACT The complex posttranscriptional regulation mechanism of the Escherichia coli pnp gene, which encodes the phosphorolytic exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase), involves two endoribonucleases, namely, RNase III and RNase E, and PNPase itself, which thus autoregulates its own expression. The models proposed for pnp autoregulation posit that the target of PNPase is a mature pnp mRNA previously processed at its 5′ end by RNase III, rather than the primary pnp transcript (RNase III-dependent models), and that PNPase activity eventually leads to pnp mRNA degradation by RNase E. However, some published data suggest that pnp expression may also be regulated through a PNPase-dependent, RNase III-independent mechanism. To address this issue, we constructed isogenic Δpnp rnc+ and Δpnp Δrnc strains with a chromosomal pnp-lacZ translational fusion and measured β-galactosidase activity in the absence and presence of PNPase expressed by a plasmid. Our results show that PNPase also regulates its own expression via a reversible RNase III-independent pathway acting upstream from the RNase III-dependent branch. This pathway requires the PNPase RNA binding domains KH and S1 but not its phosphorolytic activity. We suggest that the RNase III-independent autoregulation of PNPase occurs at the level of translational repression, possibly by competition for pnp primary transcript between PNPase and the ribosomal protein S1. IMPORTANCE In Escherichia coli, polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase, encoded by pnp) posttranscriptionally regulates its own expression. The two models proposed so far posit a two-step mechanism in which RNase III, by cutting the leader region of the pnp primary transcript, creates the substrate for PNPase regulatory activity, eventually leading to pnp mRNA degradation by RNase E. In this work, we provide evidence supporting an additional pathway for PNPase autogenous regulation in which PNPase acts as a translational repressor independently of RNase III cleavage. Our data make a new contribution to the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of pnp mRNA, a process long since considered a paradigmatic example of posttranscriptional regulation at the level of mRNA stability.