Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proprioceptive coordination of movement sequences: discrimination of joint angle versus angular distance.

1. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the accuracy with which human subjects could discriminate proprioceptive (nonretinotopic) targets during movement. The targets were located at either a specified angle in joint space, or a specified angular distance from an initial joint angle. 2. In these experiments the right elbows of normal human subjects were passively extended from either predictable or unpredictable starting angles. The subjects were instructed to open the right hand to indicate that the elbow was passing through a target joint angle or a target angular distance. The subjects were not given visual information about the location of the elbow, so they had to rely on proprioceptive input to perform this task. The target (criterion joint angle or angular distance) was learned by the use of proprioception during 8-15 practice trials. 3. Four experiments were conducted. In three experiments the target was located at a constant joint angle, and in the fourth experiment the target was located at a constant angular distance from the starting angle. The starting angle in all four experiments was pseudorandomly varied from trial to trial. 4. On the basis of an analysis of constant errors, subjects were more accurate at discriminating angular distance than joint angle. The slope of the relationship between the starting position and the constant errors was dictated by the task requirement. 5. In the distance discrimination experiment, when the starting angle was more flexed than the intermediate (i.e., central) position, the subjects slightly overshot the target distance. Conversely, when the starting angle was more extended than the intermediate position, the subjects slightly undershot the target distance. 6. In the joint angle discrimination experiments, the opposite results were obtained. Subjects overshot the target when the starting position of the elbow was more extended than the intermediate starting position, and they undershot the target when the starting position was more flexed than the intermediate starting position. The amplitude of these systematic errors increased when the subjects were unaware that the initial angle of their elbow was variable. 7. It is concluded that, in kinesthetic tasks of this type, the discrimination of angular distance is more accurate than the discrimination of joint angle. We hypothesize that the nervous system extracts kinematic information related to both joint angle and angular distance from proprioceptors, and that the encoding and or decoding of angular distance is more accurate than that of absolute joint angle. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Deviant Sexual Thoughts and Behaviors : The Roles of Personality and Pornography Use

Although the nature and prevalence of deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors has been well investigated in forensic samples, far less attention has been paid to these phenomena in sub-clinical settings. A male undergraduate sample (N = 88) completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Sex and Aggression (MASA; Knight et al., 1994) as a measure of deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors, along with various measures of personality. First, we investigated possible personality correlates of deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors. In particular, we examined the roles of the Big Five personality traits (i.e., Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience; John & Srivastava, 1999), as well as the “Dark Triad” of personality (i.e., sub-clinical narcissism, Machiavellianism, and sub-clinical psychopathy; Paulhus & Williams, 2002) in their relationship to deviant sexual thoughts and behaviors. Second, we examined the nature of the previously established relationship between pornography use and deviant sexual behavior (Cooper et al., 2002). Specifically, we tested whether personality (e.g., sub-clinical psychopathy) moderated the relationship between pornography use and deviant sexual behavior. Results indicated that Neuroticism and sub-clinical psychopathy were the two main correlates of deviant sexual thoughts, whereas sub-clinical narcissism and subclinical psychopathy correlated with deviant sexual behavior. Furthermore, ANOVA analyses revealed that sub-clinical psychopathy moderated the relationship between pornography use and deviant sexual behavior. That is, pornography use was associated with high levels of deviant sexual behavior only for participants scoring high in sub-clinical psychopathy. Together, these results support Bandura's (1977) "reciprocal determinism" theory, in that it appears that individuals with certain personality characteristics are attracted to certain types of media content, and that these individuals are affected by that content differently than are other
The Flow-Performance Relationship in Emerging Market Bond Funds

We investigate the relationship between net inflow to mutual bond funds that invest in emerging market economies (EMEs) and the past performance of these funds. Our main finding is that EME bond funds display a convex flow-performance relationship. In other words, past performance is a significant factor driving fund inflow when the fund return is positive but its influence vanishes when the return is negative. This convex flow-performance relationship is arguably attributable to practices taken by fund management companies to dampen fund investors’ incentives to redeem in reaction to poor performance, bias of media coverage towards outperforming funds, and the relatively high participation costs of EME bond funds. Furthermore, we found that fund performance directly and indirectly affects fund flow. In particular, the performance of a volatile fund is typically less influential on its future fund flow. This can potentially be explained by investors’ perception of the volatile return being less informative. We also found that a larger fund would generally record a higher sensitivity in its fund flow in response to a given change of past performance.
Does Industry Timing Ability of Hedge Funds Predict Their Future Performance, Survival, and Fund Flows?

Abstract This paper investigates hedge funds’ ability to time industry-specific returns and shows that funds’ timing ability in the manufacturing industry improves their future performance, probability of survival, and ability to attract more capital. The results indicate that the best industry-timing hedge funds in the manufacturing sector have the highest return exposure to earnings surprises. This, together with persistently sticky earnings surprises, transparent information environment in regards to earnings releases, and large post-earnings-announcement drift in the manufacturing industry, explain to a great extent why best-timing hedge funds can generate significantly larger future returns compared to worst-timing hedge funds.
Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)

[RFC1034] provided a description of how to cache negative responses. It however had a fundamental flaw in that it did not allow a name server to hand out those cached responses to other resolvers, thereby greatly reducing the effect of the caching. This document addresses issues raise in the light of experience and replaces [RFC1034 Section 4.3. 4].
Compromis entre efforts et récompenses : un modèle unifié de la décision et de la motricité

Le comportement est fortement determine par les couts (e. G. Les efforts) et les benefices (e. G. La nourriture, l'argent) de nos actions. Dans les approches actuelles, en economie et en ecologie plus particulierement, l'optimisation de ces valeurs sert de principe pour organiser le comportement. Toutefois, ces approches ne peuvent expliquer comment la decision (le choix d'un objectif a atteindre) est effectivement convertie en action (le controle de la bio-mecanique du corps). La raison a cela est que l'optimisation des couts et des benefices sont consideres comme deux processus impermeables l'un a l'autre. Pourtant, ces deux elements interagissent fortement a tous les niveaux de l'elaboration de nos actes. Ce travail propose un modele du comportement dans lequel la decision et la production motrice emergent de l'optimisation permanente du compromis prospectif et pondere entre la recompense et l'effort moteur lies a l'action. Ce modele permet de rendre compte de la decision dans les situations d'effort ainsi que des caracteristiques detaillees de la coordination motrice et de sa modulation par le contexte comportemental. Le formalisme presente offre un cadre normatif pour interpreter les bases neurologiques de la decision et du controle moteur. Nous proposons egalement des elements theoriques pour comprendre le role de la dopamine et des ganglions de la base dans la regulation de l'effort, plus particulierement dans les pathologies telles que la maladie de Parkinson
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN FINANCIAL DISTRESS TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA PERUSAHAAN INDONESIA YANG MASUK DALAM ASEAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE SCORECARD

The era of globalization requires companies that have go public have a competitive advantage and strong competitiveness to survive in the capital market. Companies are not only required to produce quality products for consumers, but also have good corporate governance (corporate governance), meaning the company's management policy should be able to ensure the sustainability of the business. Profit becomes one of the important factors for investors so managers often use profit as engineering targets. This profit engineering is known as earnings management. In addition to Good Corporate Governance there are other factors that influence managers to perform earnings management ie financial distress. This research is aimed to find out the influence of good corporate governance and financial distress to earnings management in Indonesian companies which are included in ASEAN corporate governance scorecard. The type of research used is quantitative and the research sample is determined based on purposive sampling. The analytical method used by using the analysis tool is multiple linear regression. The results showed that the coefficient of determination adjusted for 0.173 means 17.3% variable Earnings Management is influenced by Good Corporate Governance and Financial distress variables. While the remaining 82.7% influenced by other factor. Result of F test that simultaneously variable of Good Corporate Governance and Financial distress have significant influence to earnings management variable. The result of partial variable t test of Good Corporate Governance has no effect to Profit Management. While the Financial Distress has a positive and significant impact on Profit Management.
Student Preferences for Federal, State, and Local Government Careers: National Opportunities and Local Service

Abstract Although scholars have examined the federal government’s competition with the private sector for talented new workers, undergraduate attraction to careers in state or local government has been largely ignored. Yet, such knowledge would be valuable to educators who advise students on internships, graduate school options, or public sector job opportunities. This study explores preferences for federal, state, and local employment among a broad cross section of undergraduates with at least some interest in government work. It examines three sets of factors—altruistic service motives, perceptions of government capability, and job attributes—on respondent selection among government levels. After discussing why more students would prefer work at the federal level, it posits that two factors—higher levels of public service motivation and greater confidence in statelocal capability—will influence interest in subnational employment. Data from a major Midwestern university largely confirm these expectations. Recommendations are discussed for raising student interest through student self-assessments, internship, and service programs, with an emphasis on students who are outside majors related to public affairs.
Fair memory access scheduling algorithms for multicore processors

In recent processors multicore and multithreaded architectures are widely used. This increases the number of contexts running in parallel. Contexts are competing for shared resources of the processor. One of these critical resources is system main memory. While execution, each context sends requests to the main memory to serve the cache misses. This introduces the need of memory access schedulers. In this paper, we propose two main ideas to be integrated with different existing algorithms. These two ideas are related requests and starvation time threshold for memory requests. We integrated these ideas to three existing algorithms to come up with the following new algorithms: the fair least-request most related (FLRMR) algorithm, the fair issue-queue based most related (FIQMR) algorithm and the fair ready-to-inflight ratio most related (FRIRMR) based on the least request (LREQ) algorithm, the issue queue-based (IQ-based) algorithm and the ready-to-inflight ratio (RIR) algorithm, respectively. The results show that FLRMR, FIQMR and FRIRMR algorithms improve fairness over LREQ, IQ-based and RIR algorithms by , and on average, respectively. Moreover, compared to recently proposed techniques, on average, FLRMR achieves speedup relative to the LREQ algorithm, FIQMR achieves speedup relative to the IQ-based algorithm and FRIRMR achieves over the RIR algorithm.
Quantification of intra-tumour cell proliferation heterogeneity using imaging descriptors of 18F fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography

Intra-tumour heterogeneity is a characteristic shared by all cancers. We explored the use of texture variables derived from images of [18F]fluorothymidine-positron emission tomography (FLT-PET), thus notionally assessing the heterogeneity of proliferation in individual tumours. Our aims were to study the range of textural feature values across tissue types, verify the repeatability of these image descriptors and further, to explore associations with clinical response to chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The repeatability of 28 textural descriptors was assessed in patients who had two FLT-PET scans prior to therapy using relative differences and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). We tested associations between features at baseline and clinical response measured in 11 patients after three cycles of chemotherapy, and explored changes in FLT-PET at one week after the start of therapy. A subset of eight features was characterized by low variations at baseline (<±30%) and high repeatability (0.7 ≤ ICC ≤ 1). The intensity distribution profile suggested fewer highly proliferating cells in lesions of non-responders compared to responders at baseline. A true increase in CV and homogeneity was measured in four out of six responders one week after the start of therapy. A number of textural features derived from FLT-PET are altered following chemotherapy in breast cancer, and should be evaluated in larger clinical trials for clinical relevance.
Towards patient-centered health services in India--a scale to measure patient perceptions of quality.

OBJECTIVE . (i) To develop a reliable and valid scale to measure in-patient and outpatient perceptions of quality in India and (ii) to identify aspects of perceived quality which have large effects on patient satisfaction. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey of health facilities and patients at clinics. SETTING Primary health centers, community health centers, district hospitals, and female district hospitals in the state of Uttar Pradesh in north India. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Internal consistency, validity, and factor structure of the scale are evaluated. The association between patient satisfaction and perceived quality dimensions is examined. RESULTS A 16-item scale having good reliability and validity is developed. Five dimensions of perceived quality are identified-medicine availability, medical information, staff behavior, doctor behavior, and hospital infrastructure. Patient perceptions of quality at public health facilities are slightly better than neutral. Multivariate regression analysis results indicate that for outpatients, doctor behavior has the largest effect on general patient satisfaction followed by medicine availability, hospital infrastructure, staff behavior, and medical information. For in-patients, staff behavior has the largest effect followed by doctor behavior, medicine availability, medical information, and hospital infrastructure. CONCLUSIONS The scale developed can be used to measure perceived quality at a range of facility types for outpatients and in-patients. Perceived quality at public facilities is only marginally favorable, leaving much scope for improvement. Better staff and physician interpersonal skills, facility infrastructure, and availability of drugs have the largest effect in improving patient satisfaction at public health facilities.
The Influence of Firms with Excess Free Cash Flow and Low Growth Perspective Towards Earning Management

This research aims to investigate whether firms with excess of free cash flow and low growth perspective are tend to engage in earnings management with several control variables included. We predict the relationship between each variable using multiple regressions model. The data sample used is manufacturing companies listed in IDX from the year of 2012 to 201. The result of this research presents that there is no significant relationship between excess of free cash flow and earnings management. The reasons behind this result might be a difference in type of agency problem, in dividend policy, and in organization behavior widespread across the countries. However, we found a significant relationship between control variables to the dependent variable by means of discretionary accruals, which are firm size, IFRS implementation and audit quality towards earnings management. Keywords: Agency Problem, Earnings management, Excess Free Cash Flow, Dividend Payment.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Vibration Control of an ERF Embedded Smart Structure R World

The main objective of this article is to present the semi-active vibration control using an electro-rheological fluid embedded sandwich structure for a cantilever beam. ER fluid is a smart material, which cause the suspended particles polarize and connect each other to form chain. The stiffness and damping coefficients of the ER fluid can be changed in 10 micro seconds; therefore, ERF is suitable to become the material embedded in the tunable vibration absorber to become a smart absorber. For the ERF smart material embedded structure, the fuzzy control law depends on the experimental expert database and the proposed self-tuning strategy. The electric field is controlled by a CRIO embedded system to implement the real application. This study investigates the different performances using the Type-1 fuzzy and interval Type-2 fuzzy controllers. The Interval type-2 fuzzy control is used to improve the modeling uncertainties for this ERF embedded shock absorber. The self-tuning vibration controllers using Type-1 and Interval Type-2 fuzzy law are implemented to the shock absorber system. Based on the resulting performance, Internal Type-2 fuzzy is better than the traditional Type-1 fuzzy control for this vibration control system. Keywords—Electro-Rheological Fluid, Semi-active vibration control, shock absorber, type 2 fuzzy control.
3D reconstruction of reflective surface on reflection type tactile sensor using constraints of geometrical optics

We aim at employing a reflection type tactile sensor as sensors of robot fingers. The sensor measures deformation of its contact surface by capturing reflection images and solving an inverse problem. In order to solve it, we formulate a new method of shape reconstruction expanding to three dimensional surface deformation. We evaluated our proposed method by reconstructing the deformed surface from reflection images produced by simulation. The result shows that our proposed method correctly estimates locations where deformation occurs, and about magnitude of deformation, some errors occur.
Microarray classification with noise via weighted adaptive elastic net

The adaptive elastic net has been widely studied in the microarray classification due to the elegant performances in gene selection. However, the classification accuracy will be affected if the noise is included. As such, this paper proposes a weighted adaptive elastic net for the binary microarray classification with noise by using the distances from the sample points to both class centers. Furthermore, the performance of adaptive gene selection is proved and the solution path algorithm is developed. Finally, the results on two cancer data added 4 additional samples illustrate that the weighted adaptive elastic net can achieve considerable classification accuracy and select the genes related with diseases.
T Cell Recognition of an Engineered MHC Class I Molecule: Implications for Peptide-Independent Alloreactivity1

Previously, we described H-2KbW9 (KbW9), an engineered variant of the murine MHC class I molecule H-2Kb (Kb), devoid of the central anchor (“C”) pocket owing to a point mutation on the floor of the peptide binding site; this substitution drastically altered selection of bound peptides, such that the peptide repertoires of Kb and KbW9 are largely nonoverlapping in vivo. On the basis of these observations, we used KbW9 and Kb to revisit the role of peptides in alloreactive T cell recognition. We first compared Ab and TCR recognition of KbW9 and Kb. Six of six Kb-specific mAbs, directed against different parts of the molecule, recognized KbW9 well, albeit at different levels than Kb. Furthermore, KbW9 readily served as a restriction element for a peptide-specific syngeneic CTL response. Therefore, KbW9 mutation did not result in gross distortions of the TCR-interacting surface of class I, which was comparable between Kb and KbW9. Interestingly, when KbW9 was used to stimulate allogeneic T cells, it induced an infrequent CTL population that cross-reacted against Kb and was specific for peptide-independent MHC epitopes. By contrast, Kb-induced alloreactive CTLs recognized Kb in a peptide-specific manner, did not cross-react on KbW9, and were present at much higher frequencies than those induced by KbW9. Thus, induction of rare peptide-independent CTLs depended on unique structural features of KbW9, likely due to the elevated floor of the peptide-binding groove and the consequent protruding position of the peptide. These results shed new light on the relationship between TCR and peptide-MHC complex in peptide-independent allorecognition.
Pain during injection of propofol

A controlled, double‐blind study was performed to compare the prior administration of intravenous saline 4 ml (n = 36), lignocaine 20 mg (n = 36) or thiopentone 100 mg (n = 43) on the pain produced by intravenous injection of propofol. One hundred and fifteen ASA 1 or 2 patients scheduled for minor surgery were studied using a randomised, double‐blind design. Thiopentone was more effective than lignocaine in reducing the incidence of propofol injection pain (p < 0.03).