Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Generative Adversarial Networks to Optimise Health Outcomes of Cities by Transforming Urban Design

Jasper S. Wijnands, Kerry A. Nice, Jason Thompson, Haifeng Zhao, Mark Stevenson Transport, Health and Urban Design, Melbourne School of Design, the University of Melbourne Grattan St, Parkville, Australia jasper.wijnands@unimelb.edu. au; kerry.nice@unimelb.edu. au; jason.thompson@unimelb.edu. au; haifeng.zhao@unimelb.edu. au; mark.stevenson@unimelb.edu. au Melbourne School of Engineering, the University of Melbourne Grattan St, Parkville, Australia Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne Grattan St, Parkville, Australia
Study of the Band-to-Band Tunneling Hot-Electron (BBHE) Programming Characteristics of p-Channel Bandgap-Engineered SONOS (BE-SONOS)

The band-to-band tunneling hot-electron (BBHE) programming characteristics of the 2 bit/cell p-channel bandgap-engineered silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-semiconductor (SONOS) (H. T. Lue, et al., in IEDM Tech. Diag., p. 331) device are extensively studied. The lateral BBHE profile is extracted by fitting the experimental current-voltage (I-V) characteristics with 2-D simulation. The results suggest that, after BBHE injection, the local channel potential barrier is reduced, which, in turn, raises the Vt of the p-channel device. The 2 bit/cell operation methods and second-bit effect (2 bit interaction) are examined. The effects of channel-length scaling, junction profile, and effective oxide thickness of the gate stack are also addressed
To what extent is the relationship between effectuation and venture capital non-linear? : A study amongst Dutch expert entrepreneurs

Entrepreneurship is a subject which received a lot attention in the past and is still prominent present-day. Entrepreneurship creates jobs and solutions to existing problems, but it can also initiate demand for new products/services. An entrepreneur is faced with many decisions during the existence of their company, regardless whether they are short-term or long-term. In literature, two different dichotomous variants (causation and effectuation) have been introduced with regard to the decision-making process of entrepreneurs. Within these two concepts, there are 4 dimensions which can assess the difference in the decision-making processes. Several authors asserted that when sufficient means are available to the entrepreneur, to start up their business or either to accelerate growth, the theory of effectuation is no longer applicable. This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between venture capital and effectuation and thereby to investigate the statements made. Interviews were conducted with 10 expert entrepreneurs, whereby several questions were asked surrounding the 4 dimensions of effectuation and causation. Results in this study showed that the acquisition of venture capital does not necessarily lead to an adoption of causal logic within the decision-making process of entrepreneurs. A combination of both effectual and causal logic prevails with regard to the 4 dimensions of effectuation. This leads to the conclusion in which it can be stated that the relationship between effectuation and venture capital is not non-linear. For future research, it will be contributive to investigate whether the stage of a company’s life cycle in which venture capital has been attracted, can influence the decision-making process of entrepreneurs. Additionally, it would be of interest to find out whether the market type in which an entrepreneur is active in would be a factor to take into account to analyze the decision-making process of entrepreneurs.
Virtual reality distraction for pain control during periodontal scaling and root planing procedures.

BACKGROUND Although pain management during periodontal treatment usually is achieved with anesthesia, alternative methods are available. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the analgesic effect of immersive virtual reality (VR) during periodontal scaling and root planing (SRP) procedures. METHODS The authors recruited 38 patients. They used a within-patient/split-mouth design. Patients received SRP under three treatment conditions in three quadrants. The three conditions were control, watching a movie and VR. After each SRP procedure, patients responded to questions about their discomfort and/or pain by using a visual analog scale (VAS) (range, 0 to 10 in which lower numbers indicate less pain or discomfort). The authors also recorded patients' blood pressure (BP) and pulse rate (PR). Patients were asked which of the three treatment modalities they preferred. RESULTS The mean (+/- standard deviation) VAS scores for five questions pertaining to control, movie and VR were 3.95 +/- 2.1, 2.57 +/- 1.8 and 1.76 +/- 1.4, respectively. Paired t tests revealed that VAS scores were significantly lower during VR compared with the movie (P <.001) and control (P <.001) conditions. Similarly, BP and PR were lowest during VR, followed by the movie and control conditions. Patients reported that they preferred the VR condition. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that use of immersive VR distraction may be an effective method of pain control during SRP procedures. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Practitioners can use immersive VR distraction for pain control during SRP procedures.
A voltage-compensated driver for lighting PMOLEDs panels

This paper presents a voltage compensation driver for lighting a passive matrix organic LEDs (PMOLEDs) panel. A driver is designed and fabricated using FPGA and discrete components. The supply voltage range of the proposed driver is under 20 V. Therefore, it can be applied in most commercial PMOLEDs panels. The luminance is confirmed by driving a PMOLEDs panel with a size of 64/spl times/48 pixels. Experimental results indicate that good luminance uniformity is achieved using the proposed compensation driver. The lighting performance of PMOLEDs is quite similar to that driven by a constant current. The voltage compensation driving method is applicable to PMOLEDs panels with various structures or materials. Moreover, it can be applied to both monochrome and gray scale PMOLEDs panels.
Calf 5′ to 3′ Exo/Endonuclease Must Slide from a 5′ End of the Substrate to Perform Structure-specific Cleavage (*)

Calf 5′ to 3′ exo/endonuclease, the counterpart of the human FEN-1 and yeast RTH-1 nucleases, performs structure-specific cleavage of both RNA and DNA and is implicated in Okazaki fragment processing and DNA repair. The substrate for endonuclease activity is a primer annealed to a template but with a 5′ unannealed tail. The results presented here demonstrate that the nuclease must enter the 5′ end of the unannealed tail and then slide to the region of hybridization where the cleavage occurs. The presence of bound protein or a primer at any point on the single-stranded tail prevents cleavage. However, biotinylation of a nucleotide at the 5′ end or internal to the tail does not prevent cleavage. The sliding process is bidirectional. If the nuclease slides onto the tail, later binding of a primer to the tail traps the nuclease between the primer binding site and the cleavage site, preventing the nuclease from departing from the 5′ end. A model for 5′ entry, sliding, and cleavage is presented. The possible role of this unusual mechanism in Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, and protection of the replication fork from inappropriate endonucleolytic cleavage is presented.
THE EXPANSION OF THE RITZ-CARLTON® ON FOREIGN MARKETS

: The spreading of globalization drives the companies’ pursuit to expand on foreign markets for various reasons. In this paper it will be analysed the expansion on non-US markets of the Ritz-Carlton®, a hotel company with tradition, being known for its services quality. The analysis takes into consideration the opening year of the hotels in the Latin American, European, Middle Eastern, Central and South Asian and Asia-Pacific market, trying to correlate the expansion on certain areas and locations with the American foreign policy regarding those regions, one of the essential factors being the improvement and development of economic ties which led to an interdependence between the main actors of the current international affairs arena. Under these circumstances, there were created favourable environments for the hotel to expand on foreign markets. Last but not least, by serving international business people conducting their affairs worldwide and contributing in tightening the economic relations among countries, such a hotel chain is indirectly part of the economic and soft power of a country.
Bottled Water Quality Investigation: 10 Major Brands, 38 Pollutants

The bottled water industry promotes an image of purity, but comprehensive testing by the Environmental Working Group (EWG) reveals a surprising array of chemical contaminants in every bottled water brand analyzed, including toxic byproducts of chlorination in Walmart’s Sam’s Choice and Giant Supermarket's Acadia brands, at levels no different than routinely found in tap water. Several Sam's Choice samples purchased in California exceeded legal limits for bottled water contaminants in that state. Cancer-causing contaminants in bottled water purchased in 5 states (North Carolina, California, Virginia, Delaware and Maryland) and the District of Columbia substantially exceeded the voluntary standards established by the bottled water industry.
Long‐term reduction of jaundice in Gunn rats by nonviral liver‐targeted delivery of Sleeping Beauty transposon

Asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)‐mediated endocytosis has been used to target genes to hepatocytes in vivo. However, the level and duration of transgene expression have been low because of lysosomal translocation and degradation of the DNA and lack of its integration into the host genome. In this study we packaged the DNA of interest in proteoliposomes containing the fusogenic galactose‐terminated F‐glycoprotein of the Sendai virus (FPL) for targeted delivery to hepatocytes. After the FPL binds to ASGPR on the hepatocyte surface, fusogenic activity of the F‐protein delivers the DNA into the cytosol, bypassing the endosomal pathway. For transgene integration we designed plasmids containing one transcription unit expressing the Sleeping Beauty transposase (SB) and another expressing human uridinediphosphoglucuronate glucuronosyltransferase‐1A1 (pSB‐hUGT1A1). The latter was flanked by inverted/direct repeats that are substrates of SB. In cell culture, FPL‐mediated delivery of the E. coli β‐galactosidase gene (LacZ) resulted in transduction of ASGPR‐positive cells (rat hepatocytes or Hepa1 cell line), but not of ASGPR‐negative 293 cells. Intravenous injection of the FPL‐entrapped pSB‐hUGT1A1 (4‐8 μg/day, 1‐4 doses) into UGT1A1‐deficient hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats (model of Crigler‐Najjar syndrome type 1) resulted in hUGT1A1 expression in 5%‐10% of hepatocytes, but not in other cell types. Serum bilirubin levels declined by 30% ± 4% in 2 weeks and remained at that level throughout the 7‐month study duration. With histidine containing FPL, serum bilirubin was reduced by 40% ± 5%, and bilirubin glucuronides were excreted into bile. No antibodies were detectable in the recipient rats against the F‐protein or human UGT1A1. Conclusion: FPL is an efficient hepatocyte‐targeted gene delivery platform in vivo that warrants further exploration toward clinical application. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Shotgun proteomic analysis of soybean embryonic axes during germination under salt stress

Seed imbibition and radicle emergence are generally less affected by salinity in soybean than in other crop plants. In order to unveil the mechanisms underlying this remarkable salt tolerance of soybean at seed germination, a comparative label‐free shotgun proteomic analysis of embryonic axes exposed to salinity during germination sensu stricto (GSS) was conducted. The results revealed that the application of 100 and 200 mmol/L NaCl stress was accompanied by significant changes (>2‐fold, P<0.05) of 97 and 75 proteins, respectively. Most of these salt‐responsive proteins (70%) were classified into three major functional categories: disease/defense response, protein destination and storage and primary metabolism. The involvement of these proteins in salt tolerance of soybean was discussed, and some of them were suggested to be potential salt‐tolerant proteins. Furthermore, our results suggest that the cross‐protection against aldehydes, oxidative as well as osmotic stress, is the major adaptive response to salinity in soybean.
CADD, a Chlamydia Protein That Interacts with Death Receptors*

We report here the identification of a bacterial protein capable of interacting with mammalian death receptors in vitro and in vivo. The protein is encoded in the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis and has homologues in otherChlamydia species. This protein, which we refer to as “ C hlamydia protein associating with death domains” (CADD), induces apoptosis in a variety of mammalian cell lines when expressed by transient gene transfection. Apoptosis induction can be blocked by Caspase inhibitors, indicating that CADD triggers cell death by engaging the host apoptotic machinery. CADD interacts with death domains of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family receptors TNFR1, Fas, DR4, and DR5 but not with the respective downstream adaptors. In infected epithelial cells, CADD is expressed late in the infectious cycle of C. trachomatisand co-localizes with Fas in the proximity of the inclusion body. The results suggest a role for CADD modulating the apoptosis pathways of cells infected, revealing a new mechanism of host-pathogen interaction.
Stability of lumbar fusion with transpedicular fixation determined by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis.

STUDY DESIGN An evaluation of the intervertebral stability of transpedicular instrumentation in posterolateral lumbar fusions by roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. OBJECTIVES To determine the in vivo intervertebral stability of posterolateral lumbar fusions augmented with transpedicular screws and plates. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Transpedicular bone screw systems have been found to be as safe and clinically effective as other types of devices in stabilizing surgery of the spine. Many experimental studies have yielded basic data on the stabilizing implant effect in vitro, but the exact in vivo stabilizing effect on human lumbar vertebrae has not been presented previously. METHODS In 12 patients, the intervertebral stability of posterolateral fusion in the lower lumbar spine augmented with transpedicular screws and plates was evaluated by serial roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis with the patients in supine and erect positions 1 year after surgery. RESULTS Screws in each fused vertebra yielded stable fixation or permitted sagittal intervertebral translations smaller than 1 mm induced by the positional change. A widely decompressed and destabilized vertebra without screw fixation yielded persisting intervertebral translations. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated the adequacy of in vivo stability of lumbar fusions augmented with transpedicular screws and plates. Sagittal translation seems easier to elicit than movements along the other three-dimensional axes. A widely decompressed and destabilized vertebra without screw fixation increases the risk for persisting intervertebral translations. The roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis technique described seems to be a good way of comparing the in vivo behavior of different implant systems.
Psychophysiologic Assessment of PTSD in Adult Females Sexually Abused during Childhood a

Seventy-one women able to recount two or more penetrative episodes of sexual abuse prior to age 13 were classified via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIII-R' into Current (n = 29), Lifetime (n = 24), or Never (n = 18) PTSD groups. Information on whether abuse memories were recovered or continuous was also obtained. Using a script-driven imagery technique:> participants were asked to imagine personal and hypothetical experiences as vividly as possible while heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), and lateral frontalis (LF) and convgator (C) electromyograms (EMGs) were recorded. Response scores were calculated for each physiologic dependent variable by subtracting the preceding baseline value from the mean level during imagery. Scripts were rated by experts for event severity on 012 scales. A discriminant function derived from the HR, SC, and LF-EMG responses during personal traumatic imagery of previously studied individuals (n = 96) with and without PTSD"' was used to classify physiologic responses of participants.
Comparison of Whistle-blower Protection Mechanism of Select Countries

Abstract Whistle-blower protection mechanisms (WPMs) play a critically significant role in combating corruption through ethics, corporate governance and statutes. This article examines the essence of whistle-blower mechanism existing in the developed and developing countries in order to unearth the legislative structure of countries supporting the whistle blower mechanism and pursuit of ethical conduct for sound corporate governance. The article attempts to identify, evaluate and analyse the attributes of whistle-blower mechanism across nations and finds that despite off-symmetric attributes, the mechanisms are asymmetric specific to the countries’ corporate culture. It has also been found that most significant attribute of a sound whistle-blower mechanism is the level of protection provided to the whistle-blowers followed by coverage of sectors, anonymity and the regulator of whistle-blowing complaints in the country. The attributes vary widely across nations on the basis of coverage of sectors, anonymity withheld and the level of protection, with United States of America delivering the best protection to whistle-blowers trailed by Australian whistle-blower protection laws and then South Africa; India, China and Indonesia lag considerably behind in having a sound whistle-blower mechanism.
An Examination 1 Running head: AN EXAMINATION An Examination of the Influence of the Motivating Operation on the Discriminative Stimulus for Behavior Maintained By Positive Reinforcement

We manipulated a series of motivating operations (MOs) to examine the effects that an establishing operation (EO) and abolishing operation (AO) may have on the ability of a discriminative stimulus to evoke challenging behavior. Two participants with developmental disabilities and challenging behavior participated. In Phase 1, a functional analysis was conducted to identify the consequence maintaining challenging behavior . In Phase II, a discrimination between S D and S  was trained. In Phase III, pre-session MOs (i.e. EO and AO conditions) were manipulated to verify the influence of the MO on the target behavior. Finally in Phase IV, in addition to manipulating pre-session MOs, as in Phase III, the effects of the MO was examined, by placing the target behavior on extinction in both S D and S ∆ conditions. In this way the direct effect of the MO on the S D was examined. Results indicated that in the context of extinction when pre-session EO and AO conditions were manipulated responding not only differentiated but that they were higher in both S D and S ∆ conditions in the pre-session EO condition when compared to the pre-session AO condition.
Birth weight, schizophrenia, and adult mental disorder: is risk confined to the smallest babies?

CONTEXT Studies linking birth weight and mental illness onset are inconclusive. They have primarily focused on the World Health Organization low birth weight threshold (2500 g) and schizophrenia. To our knowledge, low birth weight per se has not been conclusively linked with schizophrenia risk and specificity of the effect to birth weight below the standard threshold or to particular psychiatric diagnoses has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVES To examine whether (1) low birth weight (<2500 g) is associated with increased risk for adult schizophrenia; (2) risk extends into the normal weight range; and (3) risk is confined to schizophrenia or linked to other adult mental illnesses. DESIGN Population-based cohort study. SETTING Sweden and Denmark. PARTICIPANTS Singleton live births in Sweden (1973-1984) and Denmark (1979-1986) (N = 1.49 million). Births were linked to comprehensive national registers of psychiatric treatment, with follow-up to December 31, 2002 (Sweden), or to June 30, 2005 (Denmark). There were 5445 cases of schizophrenia and 57 455 cases of any adult psychiatric disorder. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Crude and adjusted odds ratios for birth weight less than or more than 3500 to 3999 g in consecutive 500-g strata (from 500-1499 g to > or =4500 g) for schizophrenia, any psychiatric diagnoses, and specified psychiatric diagnoses. RESULTS Schizophrenia was associated with birth weight less than 2500 g. The association was not restricted to birth weight less than 2500 g and there was a significant linear trend of increasing odds ratios with decreasing birth weight across the birth weight range. This was mirrored for any psychiatric diagnosis and for each of the categories of psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest there is an association between birth weight and adult mental disorder, but there is no indication this effect is specific to birth weight less than 2500 g or to schizophrenia. Future research should explore common disorder-specific mechanisms that may link birth weight to development of psychiatric disorder in adulthood.
Preliminary Draft Do Not Quote Comments Welcome The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments: Who Got Cleaner Air – and Who Paid For It?

Title IV of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) required the dirtiest coal-fired utilities to cap their SO2 emissions at 5.8 million tons per year (approximately 33% below their 1990 levels) starting in 1995. At the same time, there was a major regulatory regime change with respect to the regulation of coal-fired utilities, shifting from command-and-control emission standards to a system of tradable allowances. We examine the distribution of costs and health benefits associated with the air quality improvements mandated under Title IV; we also compare it to the distribution of costs and health benefits that might have arisen from a comparable reduction in emissions using a command-and-control system. Using data for 148 coal-fired utilities, we find as expected that the benefits of reduced SO2 emissions under Title IV greatly exceeded the costs: we estimate benefits of nearly $56 billion and costs of only $558 million. Because of the location of the power plants the benefits (and costs) are concentrated in the northeastern, north central, and southeastern states. When we examine the socio-economic distribution of net benefits, we find that the poor received slightly lower benefits on average from Title IV, which could raise environmental justice concerns, but that the black and Hispanic communities received a disproportionately large share of the benefits relative to their costs. Comparing the distribution of costs and benefits under trading versus a hypothetical commandand-control system requiring the same overall emission reductions, we find that the trading system led to sizable savings (16.8%) in abatement costs, but permit buyers tended to have higher-impact emissions than sellers, offsetting the cost savings. This result suggests a possible role for spatially-based ‘exchange rates’ in permit trading.