Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity distributions of EEG and MEG measurements

It is generally believed that because the skull has low conductivity to electric current but is transparent to magnetic fields, the measurement sensitivity of the magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the brain region should be more concentrated than that of the electroencephalography (EEG). It is also believed that the information recorded by these techniques is very different. If this were indeed the case, it might be possible to justify the cost of MEG instrumentation which is at least 25 times higher than that of EEG instrumentation. The localization of measurement sensitivity using these techniques was evaluated quantitatively in an inhomogeneous spherical head model using a new concept called half-sensitivity volume (HSV). It is shown that the planar gradiometer has a far smaller HSV than the axial gradiometer. However, using the EEG it is possible to achieve even smaller HSVs than with whole-head planar gradiometer MEG devices. The micro-superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) MEG device does have HSVs comparable to those of the EEG. The sensitivity distribution of planar gradiometers, however, closely resembles that of dipolar EEG leads and, therefore, the MEG and EEG record the electric activity of the brain in a very similar way.
Mesenchymal stem cell labeling and in vitro MR characterization at 1 . 5 T of new SPIO contrast agent : Molday ION Rhodamine-BTM

In vivo detection of transplanted stem cells is requisite for improving stem cell-based treatments by developing a thorough understanding of their therapeutic mechanisms. MRI tracking of magnetically labeled cells is non-invasive and is suitable for longitudinal studies. Molday ION Rhodamine-B (MIRB) is a new superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) contrast agent specifically formulated for cell labeling and is readily internalized by non-phagocytic cells. This investigation characterizes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) labeling and MR imaging properties of this new SPIO agent. Effects of MIRB on MSC viability and differentiation as well as cellular loading properties were assessed for MSC labeled with MIRB at concentrations from 5 to 100mg Fe/ml. Labeled MSC were evaluated, in vitro, on a clinical 1.5 T MRI. Optimal scanning sequences and imaging parameters were determined based on contrast-to-noise ratio and contrast modulation. Relaxation rates (1/T2*) for gradient-echo sequences were approximated and an idealized limit of detection was established. MIRB labeling did not affect MSC viability or the ability to differentiate into either bone or fat. Labeling efficiency was found to be approximately 95% for labeling concentrations at or above 20mg Fe/ml. Average MIRB per MSC ranged from 0.7 pg Fe for labeling MIRB concentration of 5mg Fe/ml and asymptotically approached a value of 20–25pg Fe/MSC as labeling concentration increased to 100mg Fe/ml. MRI analysis of MIRB MSC revealed long echo time, gradient echo sequences to provide the most sensitivity. Limit of detection for gradient echo sequences was determined to be less than 1000 MSC, with approximately 15pg Fe/MSC (labeled at 20mg Fe/ml). These investigations have laid the groundwork and established feasibility for the use of this contrast agent for in vivo MRI detection of MSC. Properties evaluated in this study will be used as a reference for tracking labeledMSC for in vivo studies. Copyright # 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of New Mediator Subunits in the RNA Polymerase II Holoenzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae *

Mediator was isolated from yeast on the basis of its requirement for transcriptional activation in a fully defined system. We have now identified three new members of mediator in the low molecular mass range by peptide sequence determination. These are the products of the NUT2, CSE2, and MED11 genes. The product of the NUT1 gene is evidently a component of mediator as well. NUT1 and NUT2 were earlier identified as negative regulators of the HO promoter, whereas mutations in CSE2 affect chromosome segregation.MED11 is a previously uncharacterized gene. The existence of these proteins in the mediator complex was verified by copurification and co-immunoprecipitation with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.
The Prevalence of Human Bocavirus, Human Coronavirus-NL63, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Polyomavirus KI and WU in Respiratory Tract Infections in Kuwait

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (Boca), human polyomavirus KI (KIV) and human polyomavirus WU (WUV) in respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: Respiratory samples from 735 hospitalized patients with RTI from September 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated for the presence of HCoV-NL63, hMPV, Boca, KIV and WUV using molecular assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcription PCR. Results: Of the 735 patients, 285 (38.8%) were diagnosed with viral RTI. The distribution of respiratory viruses was hMPV: 15 (5.3%), Boca: 14 (4.9%), WUV: 10 (3.5%) and KIV: 4 (1.4%). HCoV-NL63 was not detected in any of the samples. Conclusions: These newly discovered viruses were associated with the development of RTI in Kuwait. The rapid identification of these viral infections could aid in the control of nosocomial transmission, reduce the use of antibiotics and improve treatment and management strategies.
Urinary albumin excretion in school children.

hydration, whether overor underhydration. In the era of delayed feeding in the 1950s neurological and intellectual handicap were the all too frequent outcome of a regimen which often led to underhydration. Necrotising enterocolitis and patent ductus arteriosus are not the sole hazards of low birthweight. Our paper refers to the ordered and selective use of central and peripheral venous lines, nasogastric, and nasoduodenal feeding. It is difficult to understand why Dr Clarke and his colleagues seem anxious to imply a casual and excessive use of these techniques and then to dissociate themselves from their own misrepresentation.
The group exponential lasso for bi‐level variable selection

In many applications, covariates possess a grouping structure that can be incorporated into the analysis to select important groups as well as important members of those groups. One important example arises in genetic association studies, where genes may have several variants capable of contributing to disease. An ideal penalized regression approach would select variables by balancing both the direct evidence of a feature's importance as well as the indirect evidence offered by the grouping structure. This work proposes a new approach we call the group exponential lasso (GEL) which features a decay parameter controlling the degree to which feature selection is coupled together within groups. We demonstrate that the GEL has a number of statistical and computational advantages over previously proposed group penalties such as the group lasso, group bridge, and composite MCP. Finally, we apply these methods to the problem of detecting rare variants in a genetic association study.
Quantitative analysis of spinothalamic tract neurons in adult and developing mouse

Understanding the development of nociceptive circuits is important for the proper treatment of pain and administration of anesthesia to prenatal, newborn, and infant organisms. The spinothalamic tract (STT) is an integral pathway in the transmission of nociceptive information to the brain, yet the stage of development when axons from cells in the spinal cord reach the thalamus is unknown. Therefore, the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold was used to characterize the STT at several stages of development in the mouse, a species in which the STT was previously unexamined. One‐week‐old, 2‐day‐old and embryonic‐day‐18 mice did not differ from adults in the number or distribution of retrogradely labeled STT neurons. Approximately 3,500 neurons were retrogradely labeled from one side of the thalamus in each age group. Eighty percent of the labeled cells were located on the side of the spinal cord contralateral to the injection site. Sixty‐three percent of all labeled cells were located within the cervical cord, 18% in thoracic cord, and 19% in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Retrogradely labeled cells significantly increased in diameter over the first postnatal week. Arborizations and boutons within the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus were observed after the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the neonatal spinal cord. These data indicate that, whereas neurons of the STT continue to increase in size during the postnatal period, their axons reach the thalamus before birth and possess some of the morphological features required for functionality. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:3193–3204, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete mitochondrial genome of Lophius litulon (Lophiiforms, Lophiidae) and comparison of light strand replication origin in Lophiidae

Abstract In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of yellow goosefish Lophius litulon (L. litulon) was determined. The genome was 16,431 bp in length, and comprised 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA gene and 22 transfer RNA genes, with 2 main non-coding regions. Its gene order and composition was similar to most of the vertebrates. The overall base composition of L. litulon was 28.6% A; 29.1% C; 16.8% G; 25.5% T, with a slight AT bias of 54.1%. The origin of L-strand replication in L. litulon was located in a cluster of five tRNA genes (WANCY). Motif TCCGG was found in the origin of light strand replication (OL) of L. litulon, which was common in other mitogenome of Lophiidae. This mitogenome data would play key role in future studying phylogenetic analysis of the Lophiidae.
(E)-3-[(2-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)amino]benzoic acid

In the title compound, C15H13NO4, the dihedral angle between the substituted benzene rings is 9.9 (8)°. Part of the molecule (the salicylaldimine segment) is disordered over two sets of sites, with a refined site-occupancy ratio of 0.550 (14):0.450 (14). Intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with R 2 2(8) ring motifs. The crystal packing also features C—H⋯π interactions.
Cancer patients' barriers to pain management and psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Barriers Questionnaire II.

The Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) was developed to assess barriers to effective pain management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BQ-II in a sample of Norwegian cancer patients. The BQ-II was translated into Norwegian and pilot tested with eight oncology outpatients. Then, a convenience sample of 321 cancer patients from two different sites was recruited to maximize the number of questionnaires available for the psychometric analyses. Patients were included if they: were >18 years of age; had a diagnosis of cancer; and self-reported pain and/or use of analgesics. Construct validity of the Norwegian version of the BQ II (NBQ-II) was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis. A seven-factor solution was found that was more consistent with the original version of the BQ. Construct validity of the NBQ-II was demonstrated through positive correlations between most of the subscale and total scores on the NBQ-II and pain intensity and pain interference scores. Finally, Cronbach's α coefficients of ≥0.7 for six of the seven subscales and 0.89 for the total scale demonstrated acceptable levels of internal consistency. In conclusion, the NBQ-II demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. However, further revision and testing of the questionnaire should be performed to confirm the factor structure that was identified in this study.
L'institutionnalisation des etudes d'impact en Europe centrale et orientale

Il est reconnu depuis longtemps que, pour promouvoir de meilleures politiques ou des politiques « intelligentes », les decideurs politiques devraient disposer de meilleures informations ou connaissances et elaborer ces politiques en s’appuyant sur des donnees factuelles. Tel est precisement ce que permet l’etude d’impact de la reglementation. Elle devrait, a ce titre, etre integree plus largement dans les procedures de prise de decision. Cependant, au quotidien, ce dispositif technico‑instrumental de resolution des problemes n’est souvent que peu applique a la conception des politiques publiques. Cet article analyse et compare les procedures formelles d’etudes d’impact de la reglementation dans neuf pays d’Europe centrale et orientale et propose quatre modeles d’institutionnalisation de cet outil : technico‑instrumental, strategique, symbolique et de non‑usage. Si l’etude d’impact a ete renforcee ces dernieres annees, certaines procedures ont ete mal appliquees de sorte qu’elle joue toujours un faible role dans la prise de decision.
Controlled Exposure to Light and Darkness Realigns the Salivary Cortisol Rhythm in Night Shift Workers

The efficacy of a light/darkness intervention designed to promote circadian adaptation to night shift work was tested in this combined field and laboratory study. Six full-time night shift workers (mean age ± SD:37.1 ± 8.1 yrs) were provided an intervention consisting of an intermittent exposure to full-spectrum bright white light (∼2000 lux) in the first 6 h of their 8 h shift, shielding from morning light by tinted lenses (neutral gray density, 15% visual light transmission), and regular sleep/darkness episodes in darkened quarters beginning 2 h after the end of each shift. Five control group workers (41.1 ± 9.9 yrs) were observed in the presence of a regular sleep/darkness schedule only. Constant routines (CR) performed before and after a sequence of ∼12 night shifts over 3 weeks revealed that treatment group workers displayed significant shifts in the time of peak cortisol expression and realignment of the rhythm with the night-oriented schedule. Smaller phase shifts, suggesting an incomplete adaptation to the shift work schedule, were observed in the control group. Our observations support the careful control of the pattern of light and darkness exposure for the adaptation of physiological rhythms to night shift work.
Meat Consumption among Black and White Men and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort

Previous epidemiologic studies have suggested that intake of red meat may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. Few studies, however, have examined these associations by race. We examined intake of red meat, processed meat, and poultry in relation to incident prostate cancer among Black and White men in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Participants in the study completed a detailed questionnaire on diet, medical history, and lifestyle in 1992 to 1993. After excluding men with a history of cancer and incomplete dietary information, 692 Black and 64,856 White men were included in the cohort. During follow-up through August 31, 2001, we documented 85 and 5,028 cases of incident prostate cancer among Black and White men, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). No measure of meat consumption was associated with risk of prostate cancer among White men. Among Black men, total red meat intake (processed plus unprocessed red meat) was associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0-4.2 for highest versus lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.05); this increase in risk was mainly due to risk associated with consumption of cooked processed meats (sausages, bacon, and hot dogs; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.3 for highest versus lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.008). This study suggests that high consumption of cooked processed meats may contribute to prostate cancer risk among Black men in the United States. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(2):211–6)
Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Mortality

Three of four articles in this collection provide comprehensive and useful descriptions of methodologies for the quantitative assessment of health risks associated with fine particulate matter (PM) pollution. The fourth article, by Anne Smith,(1) discusses a fundamental logical inconsistency in the risk assessment procedures used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The articles are clearly written and provide thoughtful discussions of some difficult and arcane, but important, issues. My disappointment with the three methodological articles is that, while they discuss uncertainties, that discussion does not include the fundamental assumption that the observed associations between fine PM and mortality (or any other health point) are causal. The article by Shin et al. dismisses the issue of causality in a few sentences suggesting that, while there is some debate, the consensus is that the association is causal, as if consensus, rather than the quality of argument for and against, were the final arbiter of objective fact. (2) Where, for example, is a discussion of the important paper by Greven et al., which concludes, “we are not able to detect any change in life expectancy for a reduction in PM2.5” or the notable paper by Moore et al. that concludes that their own previously reported significant associations with air pollution “may be a consequence of the approach taken and not solely based on the information in the data”? (4) Should not the issues raised in Greven et al. and other papers expressing skepticism about the causal association between PM and mortality be addressed in papers purporting to offer better risk assessment tools? Even if one accepts the qualitative conclusion that fine PM at the contemporary low levels in the United States is causally associated with mortality, surely a quantitative assessment of risk requires a less cavalier attitude towards carefully considered counterarguments? The arguments
Deregulated c-myb disrupts interleukin-6- or leukemia inhibitory factor-induced myeloid differentiation prior to c-myc: role in leukemogenesis

The c-myb proto-oncogene is abundantly expressed in tissues of hematopoietic origin, and changes in endogenous c-myb genes have been implicated in both human and murine hematopoietic tumors. c-myb encodes a DNA-binding protein capable of trans-activating the c-myc promoter. Suppression of both of these proto-oncogenes was shown to occur upon induction of terminal differentiation but not upon induction of growth inhibition in myeloid leukemia cells. Myeloblastic leukemia M1 cells that can be induced for terminal differentiation with the physiological hematopoietic inducers interleukin-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor were genetically manipulated to constitutively express a c-myb transgene. By using immediate-early to late genetic and morphological markers, it was shown that continuous expression of c-myb disrupts the genetic program of myeloid differentiation at a very early stage, which precedes the block previously shown to be exerted by deregulated c-myc, thereby indicating that the c-myb block is not mediated via deregulation of c-myc. Enforced c-myb expression also prevents the loss in leukemogenicity of M1 cells normally induced by interleukin-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor. Any changes which have taken place, including induction of myeloid differentiation primary response genes, eventually are reversed. Also, it was shown that suppression of c-myb, essential for terminal differentiation, is not intrinsic to growth inhibition. Taken together, these findings show that c-myb plays a key regulatory role in myeloid differentiation and substantiate the notion that deregulated expression of c-myb can play an important role in leukemogenicity.
Clinical assessment and diagnosis of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent disorder in adult psychiatry, particularly in out-patient settings. There are no objective, laboratory-based tests that can establish this diagnosis. Present diagnostic criteria for ADHD are formulated primarily according to behavior in childhood, based on age inappropriate and impairing levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. Other symptoms, such as mood instability and frustration intolerance, are not included in current criteria for ADHD, but are very prevalent in this patient group. ADHD is often comorbid with alcohol and substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders, in particular anxiety and personality disorders. Thus, the diagnostic assessment should both include a comprehensive clinical interview, rating scales for past and present symptoms and collateral information from multiple informants, as well as assessment of a broader spectrum of psychiatric and somatic conditions. As ADHD is associated with changes in brain function mediating different aspects of neuropsychological functions, assessment of those functions is important to understand the symptom patterns and to develop targeted treatment programs. Some topics for further research and for future developments of diagnostic criteria and tools are highlighted.
Assessing the benefits of using assistive technologies and other supports for thinking, remembering and learning

Purpose. Planning assistive technologies and other supports for individuals with cognitive disabilities requires a comprehensive and individualized assessment of current goals, past experiences with the use of technologies and other supports, and the person's predisposition to the use of alternative or additional supports. This paper discusses a foundation for the refinement of an existing assessment process to match technologies to individuals with cognitive disabilities. Method. Prior research and a literature review identified the critical needs for an assessment process that would serve to identify key elements known to influence the success use of assistive technology and other supports by persons with cognitive disabilities. Results. The components of successful, effective and satisfied support use result from a good match of device and support features, user goals and preferences, and environmental resources. The relationship to the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the International Standardization Organization's international standard ISO DIS 9999 is discussed. Conclusions. As the number of assistive technology options increase, individualized interventions for individuals with cognitive disabilities will be easier to accomplish. The key to successful and optimal use of these products will be an appropriate and comprehensive assessment of consumer needs and preferences and the identification of additional accommodations and supports.
The early Upaniṣads : annotated text and translation

This is the full edition of the early Upanisads, the central scriptures of Hinduism. Featuring Patrick Olivelle's acclaimed new English translation (Oxford, 1996), it also includes the complete Sanskrit text, as well as variant readings, scholarly emendations, and explanations of Olivelle's choices of particular readings. The volume also contains a concordance of the two recensions of the Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, and an extensive bibliography.
Parallelizable sparse inverse formulation Gaussian processes (SpInGP)

We propose a parallelizable sparse inverse formulation Gaussian process (SpInGP) for temporal models. It uses a sparse precision GP formulation and sparse matrix routines to speed up the computations. Due to the state-space formulation used in the algorithm, the time complexity of the basic SpInGP is linear, and because all the computations are parallelizable, the parallel form of the algorithm is sublinear in the number of data points. We provide example algorithms to implement the sparse matrix routines and experimentally test the method using both simulated and real data.