Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A program transformation step prediction based reengineering approach

The essence of software reengineering is to improve or transform existing software so that it can be understood, controlled and used anew. Program transformation is used as a core technique for fulfilling the various needs in the context of software reengineering. The improvement of the automation and efficiency of program transformations for reengineering is a concern in both research and industrial areas. The proposed research aims to achieve the goal by providing an appropriate mechanism to predict the transformation steps to fulfil specific reengineering targets to enhance the efficiency and correctness of reengineering through program transformations. In this thesis, a Target Driven Program Transformation Step Prediction approach (TDPTSP) is proposed to assist the process of transformation in software reengineering. The proposed approach is explored by using a transformation-intensive language Wide Spectrum Language (WSL) as an intermediate language and its toolset that provides a well-developed transformation bank containing a large number of proven transformations. The predication of transformations is an intelligent means to guide the transformation process towards reengineering targets. In order to make the identified targets tangible, the concept of Target Model (TM) is introduced for the target representation and evaluation. In the model, software metrics selected from a reengineering intensive metrics catalogue are correlated to the corresponding targets. With the quantitative measurement and the tangible target representation, the program transformation step prediction algorithm is constructed as a heuristic based search approach. Expertise for applying program transformations in the practical work is essential for the prediction operation. The prediction approach incorporates the expertise rules in addition to the metrics based approach. When predicting the transformations on domain specific applications, domain features are the vital factors. Therefore, the
Extended Constituent-to-Dependency Conversion for English

We describe a new method to convert English constituent trees using the Penn Treebank annotation style into dependency trees. The new format was inspired by annotation practices used in other dependency treebanks with the intention to produce a better interface to further semantic processing than existing methods. In particular, we used a richer set of edge labels and introduced links to handle long-distance phenomena such as wh-movement and topicalization. The resulting trees generally have a more complex dependency structure. For example, 6% of the trees contain at least one nonprojective link, which is difficult for many parsing algorithms. As can be expected, the more complex structure and the enriched set of edge labels make the trees more difficult to predict, and we observed a decrease in parsing accuracy when applying two dependency parsers to the new corpus. However, the richer information contained in the new trees resulted in a 23% error reduction in a baseline FrameNet semantic role labeler that relied on dependency arc labels only. (Less)
Comparing MOSAIC and the Variational Learning Model of the Optional Infinitive Stage in Early Child Language

This paper compares MOSAIC and the Variational Learning Model (VLM) in terms of their ability to explain the level of finiteness marking in early child Dutch, English, Spanish, German and French. It is shown that both models are successful in explaining cross-linguistic variation in rates of Optional Infinitive (OI) errors, although both models underestimate the error rate in English. A second set of analyses shows strong lexical effects in the pattern of errors across all five languages studied. This finding is problematic for the Variational Learning Model and provides strong support for the notion that OI errors are incomplete compound finites as instantiated in MOSAIC.
A Service Oriented Perspective of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems

This paper brings forward a service oriented perspective, based on practical experiences from designing information systems (IS) as services. Viewing IS as services are beneficial but still an unexplored approach in organizations. In this paper, we present an analysis of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERPs) systems through the perspective of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). This paper contributes to the debate on viewing ISs as services by presenting a view of SOA-architected ERPs. We discuss the question whether SOA or ERP fulfills business needs. The analysis of ERPs from a SOA perspective provides the conclusion that the question is not about SOA or ERP but rather to provide SOA architected ERPs. By viewing ERPs as services it is clear that the combination of ERPs and SOA is one way forward when designing ISs that aims at bridging gaps between IS and business e.g., processes and, allowing the business to fuse with IS forming servitized SOA based ERPs.
Elvis to Eminem: quantifying the price of fame through early mortality of European and North American rock and pop stars

Background: Rock and pop stars are frequently characterised as indulging in high-risk behaviours, with high-profile deaths amongst such musicians creating an impression of premature mortality. However, studies to date have not quantified differences between mortality experienced by such stars and general populations. Objective: This study measures survival rates of famous musicians (n = 1064) from their point of fame and compares them to matched general populations in North America and Europe. Design: We describe and utilise a novel actuarial survival methodology which allows quantification of excess post-fame mortality in pop stars. Participants: Individuals from North America and Europe performing on any album in the All-Time Top 1000 albums from the music genres rock, punk, rap, R&B, electronica and new age. Results: From 3 to 25 years post fame, both North American and European pop stars experience significantly higher mortality (more than 1.7 times) than demographically matched populations in the USA and UK, respectively. After 25 years of fame, relative mortality in European (but not North American) pop stars begins to return to population levels. Five-year post-fame survival rates suggest differential mortality between stars and general populations was greater in those reaching fame before 1980. Conclusion: Pop stars can suffer high levels of stress in environments where alcohol and drugs are widely available, leading to health-damaging risk behaviour. However, their behaviour can also influence would-be stars and devoted fans. Collaborations between health and music industries should focus on improving both pop star health and their image as role models to wider populations.
Joint network and Gelfand-Pinsker coding for 3-receiver Gaussian broadcast channels with receiver message side information

The problem of characterizing the capacity region for Gaussian broadcast channels with receiver message side information appears difficult and remains open for N ≥ 3 receivers. This paper proposes a joint network and Gelfand-Pinsker coding method for 3-receiver cases. Using the method, we establish a unified inner bound on the capacity region of 3-receiver Gaussian broadcast channels under general message side information configuration. The achievability proof of the inner bound uses an idea of joint interference cancelation, where interference is canceled by using both dirty-paper coding at the encoder and successive decoding at some of the decoders. We show that the inner bound is larger than that achieved by state of the art coding schemes. An outer bound is also established and shown to be tight in 46 out of all 64 possible cases.
Using prosody and phonotactics in Arabic dialect identification

While Modern Standard Arabic is the formal spoken and written language of the Arab world, dialects are the major communication mode for everyday life; identifying a speaker’s dialect is thus critical to speech processing tasks such as automatic speech recognition, as well as speaker identification. We examine the role of prosodic features (intonation and rhythm) across four Arabic dialects: Gulf, Iraqi, Levantine, and Egyptian, for the purpose of automatic dialect identification. We show that prosodic features can significantly improve identification, over a purely phonotactic-based approach, with an identification accuracy of 86.33% for 2m utterances.
Vandermonde Decomposition of Multilevel Toeplitz Matrices With Application to Multidimensional Super-Resolution

The Vandermonde decomposition of Toeplitz matrices, discovered by Carathéodory and Fejér in the 1910s and rediscovered by Pisarenko in the 1970s, forms the basis of modern subspace methods for 1-D frequency estimation. Many related numerical tools have also been developed for multidimensional (MD), especially 2-D, frequency estimation; however, a fundamental question has remained unresolved as to whether an analog of the Vandermonde decomposition holds for multilevel Toeplitz matrices in the MD case. In this paper, an affirmative answer to this question and a constructive method for finding the decomposition are provided when the matrix rank is lower than the dimension of each Toeplitz block. A numerical method for searching for a decomposition is also proposed when the matrix rank is higher. The new results are applied to study the MD frequency estimation within the recent super-resolution framework. A precise formulation of the atomic $\ell _{0}$ norm is derived using the Vandermonde decomposition. Practical algorithms for frequency estimation are proposed based on the relaxation techniques. Extensive numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of these algorithms compared with the existing atomic norm and subspace methods.
Quantitative representation and description of intravoxel fiber complexity in HARDI

Diffusion tensor imaging and high angular resolution diffusion imaging are often used to analyze the fiber complexity of tissues. In these imaging techniques, the most commonly calculated metric is anisotropy, such as fractional anisotropy (FA), generalized anisotropy (GA), and generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA). The basic idea underlying these metrics is to compute the deviation from free or spherical diffusion. However, in many cases, the question is not really to know whether it concerns spherical diffusion. Instead, the main concern is to describe and quantify fiber complexity such as fiber crossing in a voxel. In this context, it would be more direct and effective to compute the deviation from a single fiber bundle instead of a sphere. We propose a new metric, called PEAM (PEAnut Metric), which is based on computing the deviation of orientation diffusion functions (ODFs) from a single fiber bundle ODF represented by a peanut. As an example, the proposed PEAM metric is used to classify intravoxel fiber configurations. The results on simulated data, physical phantom data and real brain data consistently showed that the proposed PEAM provides greater accuracy than FA, GA and GFA and enables parallel and complex fibers to be better distinguished.
A 22-element micronutrient powder benefits language but not cognition in Bangladeshi full-term low-birth-weight children.

BACKGROUND Low-birth-weight children are known to be at risk of both anemia and cognitive/language deficits in their early years. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of a 22-element multiple micronutrient powder (MNP) on the cognitive and language development of full-term low-birth-weight (LBW-T) children in Bangladesh. METHODS The current study was a follow-up of children who were enrolled in a randomized cluster trial at 7-12 mo of age. Children in 12 intervention clusters (communities) were administered a daily 22-element MNP sachet with their food for 5 mo, and both intervention and control groups (also 12 clusters) received nutrition, health, and hygiene education. The current study involved the assessment of children at 16-22 mo of age (22-element MNP group: n = 96; control group: n = 82) on 3 subtests of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III test to measure cognitive, receptive language, and expressive language development. RESULTS There was a significant effect of the 22-element MNP on children's expressive language scores (d = 0.39), and stunting moderated the effect on receptive language scores; there was no effect on cognitive development (d = 0.08). CONCLUSION An MNP may thus offer one feasible solution to improve language development of LBW-T children in low-resource community settings. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01455636.
A Fast and Accurate Segmentation Method for Ordered LiDAR Point Cloud of Large-Scale Scenes

This letter proposes an efficient two-step segmentation method for large-scale 3-D point cloud data collected by the mobile laser scanners. First, a new scan-line-based ground segmentation algorithm is designed to filter the points corresponding to the ground with high accuracy. Second, we propose a selfadaptive Euclidean clustering algorithm to further separate the off-ground points corresponding to different objects. Experiments show that our method delivers superior segmentation results on scanned data. In fact, the proposed method can be used in complex scenes including slope and bumpy road at an error rate of 0.674% and a computing throughput of over 20 million points/s.
Model Checking Lower Bounds for Simple Graphs

A well-known result by Frick and Grohe shows that deciding FO logic on trees involves a parameter dependence that is a tower of exponentials. Though this lower bound is tight for Courcelle’s theorem, it has been evaded by a series of recent meta-theorems for other graph classes. Here we provide some additional non-elementary lower bound results, which are in some senses stronger. Our goal is to explain common traits in these recent meta-theorems and identify barriers to further progress. More specifically, first, we show that on the class of threshold graphs, and therefore also on any union and complement-closed class, there is no model-checking algorithm with elementary parameter dependence even for FO logic. Second, we show that there is no model-checking algorithm with elementary parameter dependence for MSO logic even restricted to paths (or equivalently to unary strings), unless EXP=NEXP. As a corollary, we resolve an open problem on the complexity of MSO modelchecking on graphs of bounded max-leaf number. Finally, we look at MSO on the class of colored trees of depth d. We show that, assuming the ETH, for every fixed d ≥ 1 at least d+1 levels of exponentiation are necessary for this problem, thus showing that the (d+1)-fold exponential algorithm recently given by Gajarský and Hliněnỳ is essentially optimal.
A novel user-centered design for personalized video summarization

In the past, several automatic video summarization systems had been proposed to generate video summary. However, a generic video summary that is generated based only on audio, visual and textual saliencies will not satisfy every user. This paper proposes a novel system for generating semantically meaningful personalized video summaries, which are tailored to the individual user's preferences over video semantics. Each video shot is represented using a semantic multinomial which is a vector of posterior semantic concept probabilities. The proposed system stitches video summary based on summary time span and top-ranked shots that are semantically relevant to the user's preferences. The proposed summarization system is evaluated using both quantitative and subjective evaluation metrics. The experimental results on the performance of the proposed video summarization system are encouraging.
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage following Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Critical Review of Case Definitions

Background: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (SICH) is a devastating complication of intravenous thrombolysis treatment that is associated with high mortality. Clinical trials, stroke registries and cohort studies employ different case definitions to identify stroke patients with SICH following intravenous thrombolysis. We systematically reviewed the reported rates of SICH following intravenous thrombolysis and compared their consistency with mortality outcomes. Methods: Studies were identified from the PubMed and Embase databases from January 1994 to July 2011 by cross-referencing the following MeSH terms: ‘thrombolysis’, ‘recombinant tissue plasminogen activator’, ‘rtPA’, ‘hemorrhagic stroke’, ‘cerebral hemorrhage’, ‘hematoma’ and ‘ischemic stroke’. Demographic information, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, time from stroke onset to intravenous thrombolysis, SICH and mortality rates were derived from published data in 7 randomized controlled trials, 7 stroke registries and 10 cohort studies (4 multicenter and 6 single center) with more than 200 consecutively recruited patients. Mortality rates were considered as the percentage of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis who died within 90 days after stroke. Results: The mean age of patients included in this analysis was 68.8 years (standard deviation, SD 2.9, range 63–75), of whom 56.3% (SD 4.5, range 45–63) were men. They presented with a mean baseline NIHSS of 12.5 (SD 1.4, range 9–15) and received intravenous thrombolysis 175 min (SD 62, range 120–328) from stroke onset. The overall mean SICH and mortality rates of patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis were 5.6% (SD 2.3) and 14.7% (SD 4.8), respectively. A moderate correlation was observed between the incidence of SICH and mortality in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis (r = 0.401, p = 0.050). The variation in SICH rates was highest across studies that reported SICH rates using the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study (SITS-MOST) criteria compared with the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) criteria. Studies that defined SICH as parenchymal hemorrhage with a neurological decline NIHSS ≥4 occurring within 36 h of intravenous thrombolysis reported a higher consistency between SICH and mortality rates (correlation coefficient 0.631). Conclusions: SICH rates vary considerably between studies and these differences may relate to the differences in the criteria used to define SICH. Until a case definition with high interrater agreement and good correlation with stroke outcomes becomes available, detailed information on the type of bleeding, the extent of NIHSS deterioration, neuroimaging features and the time from thrombolysis to diagnosis of hemorrhage should be reported to permit a correct interpretation of SICH rates.
Robust Matrix Factorization with Unknown Noise

Many problems in computer vision can be posed as recovering a low-dimensional subspace from high-dimensional visual data. Factorization approaches to low-rank subspace estimation minimize a loss function between the observed measurement matrix and a bilinear factorization. Most popular loss functions include the L1 and L2 losses. While L1 is optimal for Laplacian distributed noise, L2 is optimal for Gaussian noise. However, real data is often corrupted by an unknown noise distribution, which is unlikely to be purely Gaussian or Laplacian. To address this problem, this paper proposes a low-rank matrix factorization problem with a Mixture of Gaussians (MoG) noise. The MoG model is a universal approximator for any continuous distribution, and hence is able to model a wider range of real noise distributions. The parameters of the MoG model can be estimated with a maximum likelihood method, while the subspace is computed with standard approaches. We illustrate the benefits of our approach in extensive synthetic, structure from motion, face modeling and background subtraction experiments.
Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy with Endogenous Collateral Constraints

We consider the effects of central-bank purchases of a risky asset, financed by issuing riskless nominal liabilities (reserves), as an additional dimension of policy alongside “conventional” monetary policy (central-bank control of the riskless nominal interest rate), in a general-equilibrium model of asset pricing and risk sharing with endogenous collateral constraints of the kind proposed by Geanakoplos (1997). When sufficient collateral exists for collateral constraints not to bind for any agents, we show that central-bank asset purchases have no effects on either real or nominal variables, despite the differing risk characteristics of the assets purchased and the ones issued to finance these purchases. At the same time, the existence of collateral constraints allows our model to capture the common view that large enough central-bank purchases would eventually have to effect asset prices. But even when central-bank purchases raise the price of the asset, owing to binding collateral constraints, the effects need not be the ones commonly assumed. We show that under some circumstances, central-bank purchases relax financial constraints, increase aggregate demand, and may even achieve a Pareto improvement; but in other cases, they may tighten financial constraints, reduce aggregate demand, and lower welfare. The latter case is almost certainly the one that arises if central-bank purchases are sufficiently large.
Efficient Multi-GPU Computation of All-Pairs Shortest Paths

We describe a new algorithm for solving the all-pairs shortest-path (APSP) problem for planar graphs and graphs with small separators that exploits the massive on-chip parallelism available in today's Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Our algorithm, based on the Floyd-War shall algorithm, has near optimal complexity in terms of the total number of operations, while its matrix-based structure is regular enough to allow for efficient parallel implementation on the GPUs. By applying a divide-and-conquer approach, we are able to make use of multi-node GPU clusters, resulting in more than an order of magnitude speedup over the fastest known Dijkstra-based GPU implementation and a two-fold speedup over a parallel Dijkstra-based CPU implementation.
A Sociology for Happiness: Beyond Western versus Non-Western Perspectives

The present paper presents a theoretical and empirical perspective of sociology for happiness -which goes beyond western versus non western perspective. Two basic views of happiness, active and passive, are derived speculatively; from each of which two further types, modest and expansionistic, are elaborated. Empirical analysis of the data suggests that the Japanese people have different types of views of happiness. A Boolean approach is also used to find that there are two different ways to become happy in rich and poor countries as suggested by macro data from the World Value Survey and Human Development Index. We conclude that an E-dictionary or encyclo paedia of sociology, called Socio-paedia, for collecting local know ledge on happiness and the ways to achieve happiness is needed to reach global and universal knowledge.