Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Accumulation, Envelopment, and Exit in Growth Cones and Varicosities in Mid-Distal Regions of Axons

ABSTRACT The mechanism of anterograde transport of alphaherpesviruses in axons remains controversial. This study examined the transport, assembly, and egress of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in mid- and distal axons of infected explanted human fetal dorsal root ganglia using confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 19, 24, and 48 h postinfection (p.i.). Confocal-microscopy studies showed that although capsid (VP5) and tegument (UL37) proteins were not uniformly present in axons until 24 h p.i. , they colocalized with envelope (gG) proteins in axonal varicosities and in growth cones at 24 and 48 h p.i. TEM of longitudinal sections of axons in situ showed enveloped and unenveloped capsids in the axonal varicosities and growth cones, whereas in the midregion of the axons, predominantly unenveloped capsids were observed. Partially enveloped capsids, apparently budding into vesicles, were observed in axonal varicosities and growth cones, but not during viral attachment and entry into axons. Tegument proteins (VP22) were found associated with vesicles in growth cones, either alone or together with envelope (gD) proteins, by transmission immunoelectron microscopy. Extracellular virions were observed adjacent to axonal varicosities and growth cones, with some virions observed in crescent-shaped invaginations of the axonal plasma membrane, suggesting exit at these sites. These findings suggest that varicosities and growth cones are probable sites of HSV-1 envelopment of at least a proportion of virions in the mid- to distal axon. Envelopment probably occurs by budding of capsids into vesicles with associated tegument and envelope proteins. Virions appear to exit from these sites by exocytosis.
Optimal Control of a Single-Product Assemble-to-Order System With Multiple Demand Classes and Backordering

We analyze the optimal control problem for a continuous-review assemble-to-order (ATO) system with multiple demand classes and backordering. The objective is to minimize total discounted cost over an infinite horizon. It remains an open question of the production control literature what optimal policy structure of such a system is. Using the concept of $L^{\natural}$-convexity and following the recent developments in the inventory theory literature, we characterize the structure of the optimal policy. Our approach appears to significantly simplify the structural analysis for similar problems.
Distortion analysis in a new transmultiplexer for xDSL applications

A new approach to designing nearly perfect transmultiplexers based on cosine-modulated filter banks for xDSL applications is presented. We propose a new way of designing the prototype filter from which the transmitting and receiving filters are derived. The resulting TMUX systems do not have phase distortion, and amplitude distortion is almost null. The importance of the prototype filter design technique on the performance of the TMUX system is evaluated and a comparative analysis with other very efficient methods is realized.
BLOG: Relational Modeling with Unknown Objects

In many real-world probabilistic reasoning problems, one of the questions we want to answer is: how many objects are out there? Examples of such problems range from multi-target tracking to extracting information from text documents. However, most probabilistic modeling formalisms | even (cid:12)rst-order ones | assume a (cid:12)xed, known set of objects. We introduce a language called Blog for specifying probability distributions over relational structures that include varying sets of objects. In this paper we present Blog informally, by means of example models for multi-target tracking and citation matching. We discuss some attractive features of Blog models and some avenues of future work.
Finely-competitive paging

We construct an online algorithm for paging that achieves an O(r+log k) competitive ratio when compared to an offline strategy that is allowed the additional ability to "rent" pages at a cost of 1/r. In contrast, the competitive ratio of the Marking algorithm for this scenario is O(r log k). Our algorithm can be thought of in the standard setting as having a "fine-grained" competitive ratio, achieving an O(1) ratio when the request sequence consists of a small number of working sets, gracefully decaying to O(log k) as this number increases. Our result is a generalization of the result by Y. Bartal et al. (1997) that one can achieve an O(r+log n) ratio for the unfair n-state uniform-space Metrical Task System problem. That result was a key component of the polylog(n) competitive randomized algorithm given in that paper for the general Metrical Task System problem. One motivation of this work is that it may be a first step toward achieving a polylog(k) randomized competitive ratio for the much more difficult k-server problem.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Two-Component Regulator CarSR Regulates Calcium Homeostasis and Calcium-Induced Virulence Factor Production through Its Regulatory Targets CarO and CarP

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes severe, life-threatening infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), endocarditis, wounds, or artificial implants. During CF pulmonary infections, P. aeruginosa often encounters environments where the levels of calcium (Ca2+) are elevated. Previously, we showed that P. aeruginosa responds to externally added Ca2+ through enhanced biofilm formation, increased production of several secreted virulence factors, and by developing a transient increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level, followed by its removal to the basal submicromolar level. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating Ca2+-induced virulence factor production and Ca2+ homeostasis are not known. Here, we characterized the genome-wide transcriptional response of P. aeruginosa to elevated [Ca2+] in both planktonic cultures and biofilms. Among the genes induced by CaCl2 in strain PAO1 was an operon containing the two-component regulator PA2656-PA2657 (here called carS and carR), while the closely related two-component regulators phoPQ and pmrAB were repressed by CaCl2 addition. To identify the regulatory targets of CarSR, we constructed a deletion mutant of carR and performed transcriptome analysis of the mutant strain at low and high [Ca2+]. Among the genes regulated by CarSR in response to CaCl2 are the predicted periplasmic OB-fold protein, PA0320 (here called carO), and the inner membrane-anchored five-bladed β-propeller protein, PA0327 (here called carP). Mutations in both carO and carP affected Ca2+ homeostasis, reducing the ability of P. aeruginosa to export excess Ca2+. In addition, a mutation in carP had a pleotropic effect in a Ca2+-dependent manner, altering swarming motility, pyocyanin production, and tobramycin sensitivity. Overall, the results indicate that the two-component system CarSR is responsible for sensing high levels of external Ca2+ and responding through its regulatory targets that modulate Ca2+ homeostasis, surface-associated motility, and the production of the virulence factor pyocyanin. IMPORTANCE During infectious disease, Pseudomonas aeruginosa encounters environments with high calcium (Ca2+) concentrations, yet the cells maintain intracellular Ca2+ at levels that are orders of magnitude less than that of the external environment. In addition, Ca2+ signals P. aeruginosa to induce the production of several virulence factors. Compared to eukaryotes, little is known about how bacteria maintain Ca2+ homeostasis or how Ca2+ acts as a signal. In this study, we identified a two-component regulatory system in P. aeruginosa PAO1, termed CarRS, that is induced at elevated Ca2+ levels. CarRS modulates Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ homeostasis through its regulatory targets, CarO and CarP. The results demonstrate that P. aeruginosa uses a two-component regulatory system to sense external Ca2+ and relays that information for Ca2+-dependent cellular processes.
Unique Disulfide Bonds in Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Domains of β3 Affect Structure and Function of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 Integrins in Different Manner

Background: Disulfide bonds in β3 are involved in αIIbβ3 activation. Results: Disruptions of unique disulfide bonds in EGF domains of β3 yielded constitutively active αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 variably dependent on the presence of free sulfhydryls. Conclusion: Unique disulfide bonds regulate differently αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 function. Significance: The findings highlight the importance of unique disulfide bonds in the function of β3 integrins. The β3 subunit of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 integrins contains four epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. Each domain harbors four disulfide bonds of which one is unique for integrins. We previously discerned a regulatory role of the EGF-4 Cys-560–Cys-583 unique bond for αIIbβ3 activation. In this study we further investigated the role of all four integrin unique bonds in both αIIbβ3 and αvβ3. We created β3 mutants harboring serine substitutions of each or both cysteines that disrupt the four unique bonds (Cys-437–Cys-457 in EGF-1, Cys-473–Cys-503 in EGF-2, Cys-523–Cys-544 in EGF-3, and Cys-560–Cys-583 in EGF-4) and transfected them into baby hamster kidney cells together with normal αv or αIIb. Flow cytometry was used to measure surface expression of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 and their activity state by soluble fibrinogen binding. Most cysteine substitutions caused similarly reduced surface expression of both receptors. Disrupting all four unique disulfide bonds by single cysteine substitutions resulted in variable constitutive activation of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3. In contrast, whereas double C437S/C457S and C473S/C503S mutations yielded constitutively active αIIbβ3 and αvβ3, the C560S/C583S mutation did not, and the C523S/C544S mutation only yielded constitutively active αIIbβ3. Activation of C523S/C544S αvβ3 mutant by activating antibody and dithiothreitol was also impaired. Molecular dynamics of C523S/C544S β3 in αIIbβ3 but not in αvβ3 displayed an altered stable conformation. Our findings indicate that unique disulfide bonds in β3 differently affect the function of αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 and suggest a free sulfhydryl-dependent regulatory role for Cys-560–Cys-583 in both αIIbβ3 and αvβ3 and for Cys-523–Cys-544 only in αvβ3.
Tissue-speci fi c p 19 Arf regulation dictates the response to oncogenic Kras

The ability of oncogenes to engage tumor suppressor pathways represents a key regulatorymechanism that can limit the outgrowth of incipient tumor cells. For example, in a number of settings oncogenic Ras strongly activates the Ink4a/Arf locus, resulting in cell cycle arrest or senescence. The capacity of different cell types to execute tumor suppressor programs following expression of endogenous K-ras in vivo has not been examined. Using compound mutant mice containing the Arf reporter and the spontaneously activating K-ras allele, we have uncovered dramatic tissue specificity of K-ras-dependent p19 up-regulation. Lung tumors, which can arise in the presence of functional p19, rarely display p19 induction. In contrast, sarcomas always show robust activation, which correlates with genetic evidence, suggesting that loss of the p19-p53 pathway is a requisite event for sarcomagenesis. Using constitutive and inducible RNAi systems in vivo, we highlight cell type-specific chromatin regulation of Ink4a/Arf as a critical determinant of cellular responses to oncogenic K-ras. Polycomb-group complexes repress the locus in lung tumors, whereas the SWI/SNF family member Snf5 acts as an important mediator of p19 induction in sarcomas. This variation in tumor suppressor inductionmight explain the inherent differences between tissues in their sensitivity to Ras-mediated transformation.
VITAMIN D IN PREECLAMPSIA Serum Concentration of Vitamin D in Preeclampsia

INTRODUCTION: A major contributor to complications during pregnancy and postpartum periods, pre-eclampsia, is a disorder characterized by sudden weight gain, fluid retention, high blood pressure, and swelling in the second and third trimesters. Other symptoms, including vision changes and headaches, may not always appear in rapidly advancing cases (1) . Pre-eclampsia affects 5-8% of all pregnancies and is the cause of 15% of premature births 1 . Preeclampsia can cause generalized damage to the kidneys, liver or blood vessels 2 . More seriously, it
Study of the corrosion properties in a hot forged Cu-Al-Ni alloy with added Cr

Abstract Here, the corrosion properties of chromium (Cr) added to a copper-aluminum-nickel (Cu-Al-Ni) alloy were studied. Primarily, the alloy samples were prepared by increasing the percentages of Cr composition in the following series of 4%, 8% and 12% by keeping other alloying elements as constants. The alloy was made using the powder metallurgical technique. Consequently, hot forging was done on the sintered specimen. Both hypothetical and authentic densities were found for the hot forged samples which showed that the densities kept on increasing with the addition of Cr. The Cr embellishments were exposed using optical microscopy of varying magnifications. The corrosion properties achieved from the potentiostat showed that the corrosion resistance upsurges more than the other commercially available nickel-aluminum-bronze (NAB) alloys due to the Cr embellishments. The corroded surface was then investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which disclosed the formation of different κ phases along with an α matrix and other intermetallic phases in the present alloy. Furthermore, hardness tests were taken and these established that the hardness increases with Cr accompaniments. Thus, the present alloy can be endorsed as a novel material (Cu-Al-Ni-Cr) in the propellers of ships in which both hardness and corrosion resistant are obligatory.
Extending the Task of Diarization to Speaker Attribution

In this paper we extend the concept of speaker annotation within a single-recording, or speaker diarization, to a collection wide approach we call speaker attribution. Accordingly, speaker attribution is the task of clustering expectantly homogenous intersession clusters obtained using diarization according to common cross-recording identities. The result of attribution is a collection of spoken audio across multiple recordings attributed to speaker identities. In this paper, an attribution system is proposed using mean-only MAP adaptation of a combined-gender UBM to model clusters from a perfect diarization system, as well as a JFA-based system with session variability compensation. The normalized cross-likelihood ratio is calculated for each pair of clusters to construct an attribution matrix and the complete linkage algorithm is employed to conduct clustering of the inter-session clusters. A matched cluster purity and coverage of 87.1% was obtained on the NIST 2008 SRE corpus.
TRAF6 directs commitment to regulatory T cells in thymocytes

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subset of CD4+ helper T cells, are crucial for immunological self‐tolerance. Defect in development or function of Tregs results in autoimmune disease in human and mice. Whereas it is known that Tregs mainly develop in the thymus, the molecular mechanism underlying development of Treg is not fully understood. TRAF6‐deficient mice showed a severe defect in the Treg development in thymus. In vitro fetal thymic organ culture experiments indicated that the defect is ascribed to the absence of TRAF6 in thymic cells. Moreover, mixed fetal liver transfer experiments revealed that the development of Foxp3+ cells differentiated from Traf6–/– hematopoietic cells was specifically impaired in the thymus, indicating cell‐intrinsic requirement for TRAF6 in the Treg development. On the other hand, TRAF6 is not required for the development of conventional CD4+ T cell. In addition, TGFβ‐dependent induction of Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells in vitro was not impaired by the absence of TRAF6. Overall, our data indicate that TRAF6 plays an essential role on the commitment of immature thymocytes to thymic Tregs in cell‐intrinsic fashion.
Voltage and Frequency Control of Microgrid Systems with Demand Response

This paper describes and present the operation of a microgrid comprising photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery bank. Photovoltaic cells represent variable resources and fuel cell represent dispatchable resources. All these sources are coupled to grid through power electronic converter. The inverters are controlled by a decoupled control method. The frequency and voltage inside this Microgrid is controlled by performing fast demand response. The Microgrid and simulation study are performed in MATLAB/SIMPOWERSYSTEM. The simulation results show that fast demand response is capable in controlling the voltage and frequency inside a Microgrid.
Entropy Generation and Natural Convection of CuO-Water Nanofluid in C-Shaped Cavity under Magnetic Field

This paper investigates the entropy generation and natural convection inside a C-shaped cavity filled with CuO-water nanofluid and subjected to a uniform magnetic field. The Brownian motion effect is considered in predicting the nanofluid properties. The governing equations are solved using the finite volume method with the SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) algorithm. The studied parameters are the Rayleigh number (1000 ≤ Ra ≤ 15,000), Hartman number (0 ≤ Ha ≤ 45), nanofluid volume fraction (0 ≤ φ ≤ 0.06), and the cavity aspect ratio (0.1 ≤ AR ≤ 0.7). The results have shown that the nanoparticles volume fraction enhances the natural convection but undesirably increases the entropy generation rate. It is also found that the applied magnetic field can suppress both the natural convection and the entropy generation rate, where for Ra = 1000 and φ = 0.04, the percentage reductions in total entropy generation decreases from 96.27% to 48.17% for Ha = 45 compared to zero magnetic field when the aspect ratio is increased from 0.1 to 0.7. The results of performance criterion have shown that the nanoparticles addition can be useful if a compromised magnetic field value represented by a Hartman number of 30 is applied.
PCFG Induction for Unsupervised Parsing and Language Modelling

The task of unsupervised induction of probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) has attracted a lot of attention in the field of computational linguistics. Although it is a difficult task, work in this area is still very much in demand since it can contribute to the advancement of language parsing and modelling. In this work, we describe a new algorithm for PCFG induction based on a principled approach and capable of inducing accurate yet compact artificial natural language grammars and typical context-free grammars. Moreover, this algorithm can work on large grammars and datasets and infers correctly even from small samples. Our analysis shows that the type of grammars induced by our algorithm are, in theory, capable of modelling natural language. One of our experiments shows that our algorithm can potentially outperform the state-of-the-art in unsupervised parsing on the WSJ10 corpus.
PRO_10 – A New Tissue-Based Prognostic Multigene Marker in Patients with Early Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

Background/Aims: Clinicopathological and molecular factors determine the prognosis of breast cancer. PRO_10 is a prognostic score based on quantitative RT-PCR of 10 proliferation-associated genes obtained from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues. We revalidated PRO_10 in patients treated in a non-trial setting. Methods: The charts of 315 patients with postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer between 1996 and 2004 were reviewed. Forty-eight cases relapsed within 5 years of diagnosis; they were paired with controls by matching the N and T stage, histological grade, percent ER-positive cells, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, age, adjuvant chemo- and endocrine therapy. The score was tested by conditional logistic regression. Results: Despite strict matching, PRO_10 remained prognostic for recurrence in the whole group (odds ratio, OR = 4.7, p = 0.005) and in subgroups of grade 2 (OR = 5.5, p = 0.009) and N0 cancers (OR = 15, p = 0.002). Five-year recurrence-free survival was 29% in patients with high and 67% in patients with low scores (p = 0.002). PRO_10 was prognostic for overall survival (5-year overall survival 71 vs. 91%). Conclusion: PRO_10 is an independent prognostic marker in postmenopausal ER-positive breast cancer. It is based on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue and could be integrated easily into the routine diagnostic workflow.
H infinity Control of nonlinear discrete-time systems based on dynamical fuzzy models

This paper presents a solution to H infinity control problem for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems. This class of nonlinear systems can be represented by a discretetime dynamical fuzzy model. A suitable quadratic L yapunov function is used to establish asymptotic stability with an l2-norm bound gamma of the closed-loop system. Furthermore, a constructive algorithm is developed to obtain the stabilizing feedback control law. The controller design algorithm involves solving a set of suitable algebraic Riccati equations. An example is given to illustrate the application of the method.
Skew Handling in Aggregate Streaming Queries on GPUs

Nowadays, the data to be processed by database systems has grown so large that any conventional, centralized technique is inadequate. At the same time, general purpose computation on GPU (GPGPU) recently has successfully drawn attention from the data management community due to its ability to achieve significant speed-ups at a small cost. Efficient skew handling is a well-known problem in parallel queries, independently of the execution environment. In this work, we investigate solutions to the problem of load imbalances in parallel aggregate queries on GPUs that are caused by skewed data. We present a generic load-balancing framework along with several instantiations, which we experimentally evaluate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to present runtime load-balancing techniques for database operations on GPUs.
Towards modelling and reasoning support for early-phase requirements engineering

Requirements are usually understood as stating what a system is supposed to do, as apposed to how it should do it. However, understanding the organizational context and rationales (the "Whys") that lead up to systems requirements can be just as important for the ongoing success of the system. Requirements modelling techniques can be used to help deal with the knowledge and reasoning needed in this earlier phase of requirements engineering. However most existing requirements techniques are intended more for the later phase of requirements engineering, which focuses on completeness, consistency, and automated verification of requirements. In contrast, the early phase aims to model and analyze stakeholder interests and how they might be addressed, or compromised, by various system-and-environment alternatives. This paper argues, therefore, that a different kind of modelling and reasoning support is needed for the early phase. An outline of the i* framework is given as an example of a step in this direction. Meeting scheduling is used as a domain example.