Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Covering arrays for efficient fault characterization in complex configuration spaces

Many modern software systems are designed to be highly configurable so they can run on and be optimized for a wide variety of platforms and usage scenarios. Testing such systems is difficult because, in effect, you are testing a multitude of systems, not just one. Moreover, bugs can and do appear in some configurations, but not in others. Our research focuses on a subset of these bugs that are "option-related"-those that manifest with high probability only when specific configuration options take on specific settings. Our goal is not only to detect these bugs, but also to automatically characterize the configuration subspaces (i.e., the options and their settings) in which they manifest. To improve efficiency, our process tests only a sample of the configuration space, which we obtain from mathematical objects called covering arrays. This paper compares two different kinds of covering arrays for this purpose and assesses the effect of sampling strategy on fault characterization accuracy. Our results strongly suggest that sampling via covering arrays allows us to characterize option-related failures nearly as well as if we had tested exhaustively, but at a much lower cost. We also provide guidelines for using our approach in practice.
When Central City High School Students Speak

Based on a yearlong critical inquiry project in a central Los Angeles high school, the author discusses the implications of engaging students in dialogue and critique about their experiences with race. The students’voices, through participant observation field notes and their own writing, tell stories of struggle and newfound understandings about the relationship among equity, social issues, and their lives. Drawing upon the works of John Dewey, Paulo Freire, and Nancy Fraser, critical inquiry is conceptualized as a valid learning tool with a liberatory agenda that creates an alternate public sphere where young people learn about themselves and question the status quo.
Postcolonial Perspectives on Global Production Networks: Insights from Flower Valley in South Africa

This paper proposes dialogue between postcolonial theory and the analytical frameworks of global value chains (GVCs) and global production networks (GPNs). It does so in order to open up more culturally sensitive accounts of global supply networks and exporting localities than those provided by prevailing political-economic approaches. Particular focus is placed on Zein-Elabdin's postcolonial notion of economic hybridity to advance understanding of the institutional contexts shaping production networks. The value of applying this concept to GVC/GPN studies is illustrated in the case of a sustainable wildflower harvesting supply network in South Africa's Western Cape, which supplies ethically promoted bouquets to domestic and European markets. Transnational cultural politics, including those associated with colonial encounters, are shown to shape the hybrid institutional context of this production network. It is suggested that such a perspective on institutional hybridity offers just one fruitful conversation between postcolonial approaches and GVC/GPN frameworks.
Who Did What: Editor Role Identification in Wikipedia

Understanding the social roles played by contributors to online communities can facilitate the process of task routing. In this work, we develop new techniques to find roles in Wikipedia based on editors' low-level edit types and investigate how work contributed by people from different roles affect the article quality. To do this, we first built machine-learning models to automatically identify the edit categories associated with edits. We then applied a graphical model analogous to Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover the latent roles in editors' edit histories. Applying this technique revealed eight different roles editors play. Finally, we validated how our identified roles collaborate to improve the quality of articles. The results demonstrate that editors carrying on different roles contribute differently in terms of edit categories and articles in different quality stages need different types of editors. Implications for editor role identification and the validation of role contribution are discussed.
Getting a Feel for the Market: The Use of Privatized School Management in Philadelphia

This study evaluates the impact of the privatization of education services in the Philadelphia School District, using an interrupted time series design. The sample observes 88 middle‐grades schools, beginning with the 1996–97 school year, and finds that, by 2006, four years postintervention, the achievement growth rate of schools run by educational management organizations (EMOs) had fallen significantly below the growth rate of district‐run schools in both reading and mathematics, whereas, in 2002, immediately prior to privatization, those schools later run by EMOs had achieved growth rates significantly higher than the rest of the district in reading and statistically equivalent in mathematics.
Challenges : Opportunities For Coalition-Based Community Networking ∗

Current business models for the service provision of Internet connectivity focus on individual users or parties. In the local-area, the use of wireless technologies promotes easy interconnectivity and resource sharing between local users, leading to the appearance of community networks — ad hoc networks residing at the edge of, but still connected to, the Internet. Currently, such activities are seen as both disruptive and difficult to sustain, breaking traditional network-service business models and causing a discontinuity of the network architecture. We introduce a new architectural entity, the coalition domain, that allows structure and control to be added to such ad hoc edge networks. By examining a number of tussles that arise between parties with the adoption of such an approach, we show that it is feasible to include such network usage within the existing network architecture, and we discuss the challenges and the new opportunities that it brings with it.
Rethinking Information Literacy

Over the past decade information literacy emerged as a central purpose for librarians, particularly academic librarians. This article critiques the model, beginning with the information-processing paradigm that provides its underlying assumptions. In particular, problems are identified with the assumed connection between information and knowledge, with inadequacies of the cognitive sciences approach--including the view of language as mere communication--and the inadequate consideration of the role of computers in human-computer interaction. The appropriateness of the "learning methodology" of the information literacy model is reviewed. Alternatives--including visual literacy, multiple literacies, and interactive literacies--are surveyed. The challenge of relating information literacy to workplace competencies is outlined. The article proposes that information literacy be refocused away from information toward learning, and beyond literacy in the direction of sociotechnical fluency.
Reflection of the xenon scintillation light from Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Liquid Xenon particle detectors are being used for a number of applications including dark matter search and neutrino-less double beta decay experiments. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is often used in these detectors both as an electrical insulator and as a light reflector to improve efficiency of detection of scintillation photons. However, liquid xenon emits in the VUV wavelength region (λ=175 nm) where the properties of PTFE are not sufficiently known. In this work we report on measurements of PTFE reflectance, including its angular distribution, for the xenon scintillation light. Various samples of PTFE, manufactured by different processes (extruded, expanded, skived and pressed) have been studied. The data were interpreted with a physical model comprising both specular and diffuse reflections. The reflectance obtained for these samples, except the expanded sample, is between 0.47 and 0.66 at θi=0°. Some other fluoropolymers namely ETFE, FEP and PFA were also measured.
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors date back to 1888 when Otto Lubarsch found multiple tumors in the distal ileum of two patients at autopsy (Lubarsch, 1888). The German pathologist Siegfried Oberndorfer was the first who used the term “Karzinoide Tumoren”, the English translation of which is “carcinoid tumor”. He coined this term because these tumors behaved less aggressively than true carcinomas (Oberndorfer, 1907). Oberndorfer contributed to the Department of Pathology of Istanbul University where he remained full professor and director until his death in 1944 (Dogan & Hot, 2010; Kloppel et al., 2007). In 1914, Gosset and Masson first mentioned neuroendocrine features of carcinoid tumors. In 1954, Thorson and co-workers described the term "carcinoid syndrome" after they found that the tumors contained serotonin and patients with small intestinal carcinoid tumor and liver metastases presented with the characteristic symptoms of diarrhea, flushing, asthma, and right heart failure (Thorson et al., 1954). It was soon recognized as a distinct entity after they were reported in several organs belonging to bronchopulmonary system and gastrointestinal tract (Yalcin, 2006). Although better named as “neuroendocrine tumors” after the WHO meeting in 2000, these tumors have been traditionally called “carcinoids” especially at some specific locations such as the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the terms “carcinoid tumor” and “neuroendocrine tumor” are used interchangeably throughout the text.
The Effects of Alcohol on Safety Behaviors in Socially Anxious Individuals

Experimental studies have assessed alcohol's effects on social anxiety using self-reports or physiological indices. This study investigated whether alcohol affected observer-rated “safety behaviors” in a sample of socially anxious participants. It was hypothesized that alcohol would lead to increased eye contact and speaking time, and decreased nervous laughter and latency to respond to questions during a social interaction. Eighty-eight high social anxiety participants were randomly assigned to an alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverage condition and then took part in a videotaped social interaction with a trained confederate. Videos were coded for participant safety behaviors as well as confederate behavior. Alcohol had the hypothesized effect of increasing the length of time participants spent speaking during the interaction. Interestingly, confederates interacting with socially anxious participants in the alcohol condition behaved more positively toward them than confederates interacting with control bever.
Revisiting Database Storage Optimizations on Flash

The database storage hierarchy has been heavily optimized for the performance characteristics of disks. Storage managers typically employ rowor column-oriented storage layouts, or a combination, to improve the I/O performance of different query workloads with disks. The recent rise of flash memory-based solid-state drives (SSDs) significantly change the performance characteristics of storage: these drives provide an order of magnitude lower read/access latencies, significantly higher read bandwidths, and most importantly, negligible seek overheads. In light of these differences, we analyze major storage optimizations for read-optimized databases. We examine the benefits of row and column-oriented storage layouts on flash SSDs. Our measurments span through different workload variations, including selectivity, projectivity and concurrency that affect query processing on flash. Further, we also investigate the cost and benefits of a set of database optimizations, including data compression, prefetching, and indexes on flash SSDs. Our analytical models back our experimental evaluation of the performance tradeoffs of these optimizations. Three of our key findings are: (1) SSDs scale up linearly with concurrent execution of database queries and outperform disks by up to a factor of two, (2) the low seek cost on SSDs makes columnstorage a better choice for laying out data on a variety of flash devices, (3) and that while data compression is useful to further leverage the bandwidth of flash, database prefetching has less benefit for flash storage. Finally, we present a list of design implications of our findings on future database and operating systems for effectively embracing flash storage.
Eliminating Food Noise: Using Anthropological Perspectives in an Out-of-the-Box Approach to Changing Schoolchildren’s Eating Choices

This undergraduate thesis will explore existing methods surrounding healthy-lifestyle school based interventions targeting elementary and lower-middle school children. Although some studies have reported school-based nutrition interventions to be successful, reports of positive outcomes have been variable. Using anthropological approaches to thinking about eating and food, this thesis offers a critique of intervention methods and examines how they can be made more effective. In the US, the nutrition components of many school-based inventions place great emphasis on a nutrient-focused view of healthy eating. The present analysis argues that such emphasis creates a decision-making environment overloaded with food noise. Food noise encompasses the idea that discrepancies between foods that are and are not considered “healthy” are trivial, contradictory, and unnecessarily complicate a child’s relationship with food as he attempts to develop eating habits. In suggesting ways to reduce food noise, this thesis will draw upon five main sources of data: i) participatory observation of a collaborative project between the University of Pennsylvania, the Agatston Urban Nutrition Initiative, and the School District of Philadelphia, ii) interviews with teachers and staff at an elementary school, and with an AUNI staff member, iii) observation at community meetings on school wellness, iv) observations of a local organization’s socialized lunch program, and v) observations of a pediatric weight management clinic. Synthesizing these data sources using anthropological perspectives, this thesis will suggest that future school-based interventions should diminish food noise in an environment that enhances exposure, exploration, and experience. Disciplines Anthropology This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/anthro_seniortheses/134 Eliminating Food Noise: Using Anthropological Perspectives in an Out-of-the-Box Approach to Changing Schoolchildren’s Eating Choices
Septin-Dependent Assembly of the Exocyst Is Essential for Plant Infection by Magnaporthe oryzae[OPEN]

The rice blast fungus targets polarized exocytosis to the exact point of plant infection using septin GTPases, which direct the exocyst complex to the appressorium pore. Magnaporthe oryzae is the causal agent of rice blast disease, the most devastating disease of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and a continuing threat to global food security. To cause disease, the fungus elaborates a specialized infection cell called an appressorium, which breaches the cuticle of the rice leaf, allowing the fungus entry to plant tissue. Here, we show that the exocyst complex localizes to the tips of growing hyphae during vegetative growth, ahead of the Spitzenkörper, and is required for polarized exocytosis. However, during infection-related development, the exocyst specifically assembles in the appressorium at the point of plant infection. The exocyst components Sec3, Sec5, Sec6, Sec8, and Sec15, and exocyst complex proteins Exo70 and Exo84 localize specifically in a ring formation at the appressorium pore. Targeted gene deletion, or conditional mutation, of genes encoding exocyst components leads to impaired plant infection. We demonstrate that organization of the exocyst complex at the appressorium pore is a septin-dependent process, which also requires regulated synthesis of reactive oxygen species by the NoxR-dependent Nox2 NADPH oxidase complex. We conclude that septin-mediated assembly of the exocyst is necessary for appressorium repolarization and host cell invasion.
The historical development of Chinese urban morphology

China has had a long and distinctive urban experience, the existence of towns dating back to 2600 BC. This paper describes the characteristics and historical development of Chinese urban morphology. The central location of political and administrative buildings, a grid‐iron street pattern, symmetrical layout and axiality are the most important characteristics of Chinese traditional cities, reflecting the distinctive political and economic systems and cultural traditions of China. Political forces have played a key role in shaping this urban pattern. The historical development of Chinese urban morphology experienced four phases: the walled city (770 BC‐AD 906), the open city (618–1840), the colonial city (1840–1949), and the socialist city (1949–1985). The four phases provide a historical frame to analyse the development of China's urban form; each phase has its distinct characteristics and different town building philosophies, reflecting the nature of national political and economic development.
Using RDMA for Lock Management

In this work, we aim to evaluate different Distributed Lock Management service designs with Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA). In specific, we implement and evaluate the centralized and the RDMA-enabled lock manager designs for fast network settings. Experimental results confirms a couple of hypotheses. First, in the traditional centralized lock manager design, CPU is the bottleneck and bypassing CPU on client-to-server communication using RDMA results in better lock service perofrmance. Second, different lock manager designs with RDMA in consideration result in even better performance; we need to re-design lock management system for RDMA and fast networks.
DIE KOGNITIVE ORGANISATION DER GENUSZUWEISUNG ZU DEN EINSILBIGEN NOMEN DER DEUTSCHEN GEGENWARTSSPRACHE

Die Genuszuweisung zu den Nomen der deutschen Gegenwartssprache wird, sieht man einmal von einigen Derivationssuffixen und der mit ihnen korrespondierenden Genuszuweisung ab, von der gegenwärtigen linguistischen und germanistischen Forschung als weitgehend arbiträr eingeschätzt. Immer noch scheint die Einschätzung von Bloomfield (1933) zuzutreffen, daß ". the gender categories of most Indo-European languages. do not agree with anything in the practical world. there seems to be no practical criterion by which the gender of a noun in German, French, or Latin could be determined. (271, 280)"
Using Specific Approaches for Individual Problems in the Management of Anger and Aggression

This paper investigates treatment for anger and aggression using a variety of methods. Assessments include direct observation, self-recording of frequency of aggressive incidents, self-recording of feelings of aggression, provocation role-plays, and provocation inventories. Treatment approaches include two forms of relaxation (BRT and APR), discussions and exercises on the understanding of emotion, role-plays to develop skills for dealing with feelings of anger, and exercises in the way in which individuals construe various situations. Three participants illustrate how these assessment and treatment methods can be used to tailor treatment to suit the particular problems displayed by individuals. The reasons for choosing particular methods are discussed as are the ways in which individuals respond to the programmes of therapy.
Destructive Criticism Revisited: Appraisals, Task Outcomes, and the Moderating Role of Competitiveness

Destructive criticism is negative feedback that is inconsiderate in style and content, which exists at the intersection of performance feedback and interpersonal mistreatment. The current research integrates these literatures with an investigation of the effects of destructive versus constructive criticism from a co-worker on recipients' relational appraisals, emotions, and task outcomes. Drawing from theorising about cognitive appraisals after personal affronts, we first propose that those who experience destructive criticism are more likely than those who experience constructive criticism to (a) perceive that the feedback-giver intended to harm them, (b) blame the feedback-giver, (c) distrust the feedback-giver, and (d) feel anger. Second, with regard to task-related outcomes, we extend research on trait moderators of feedback responses to the study of destructive criticism. We draw from feedback intervention theory (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996) regarding how feedback may alter the locus of attention to be either self- or task-focused, and investigate a trait that may shift one's attention to the self after destructive criticism. Specifically, we proposed that trait competitiveness—i.e. a desire to win over others—interacts with type of criticism to predict task-related outcomes. The results of two experiments—a scenario study and a behavioral experiment—provide support for our arguments.
Responsive supply chain: modeling and simulation

Unexpected occurrence like natural calamity, abruptly change in customer demands, upgradation of technologies, necessity of compatible suppliers etc. is the most challenging issues even for efficient global supply chain management. Therefore, modeling of responsive supply chain is an emerging technology for sustaining any firm/industry in future competitive environment. In this paper, an attempt has been made to not only analyze the performance of efficient supply chain management but also how to improve the performance of existing supply chain with the objective of developing a modeling of responsive supply chain management. The complexity of the model is also highlighted with the help of numerical example. This paper also explores the possibility to mathematical modeling of the responsive supply chain which will be an emerging topic for researchers and practitioners. The modeling of responsive supply chain can be employed as a competitive strategy for e-commerce, green supply chain, and compatible supplier selection problem. The another salient feature of this paper is that a distinct comparative literature review of the lean, agile, efficient, and responsive supply chain management has been presented.