Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The State and the Bloody Diamond Rush in Chiadzwa: Unpacking the Contesting Interests in the Development of Illicit Mining and Trading, c.2006–2009

This article examines the development of diamond mining and trading in Chiadzwa, a communal area in Marange, Zimbabwe. It also examines the nature of the state and its role in the early dynamics of diamond exploitation. Mining development in Chiadzwa had far-reaching political, economic, cultural and moral, as well as epidemiological, demographic and environmental, implications for the Marange landscape. This article unravels the activities surrounding illicit diamond activities in Marange, revealing the different interests involved, their interaction with the state and their impact on the landscape of the diamondiferous area. From March 2006, Chiadzwa – located some 80 kilometres from the eastern town of Mutare – literally and metaphorically became a terrain of contestation following the ‘discovery’ of diamonds. Numerous interests converged on the area seeking to exploit the diamonds, systematically displacing the interests and hegemony of the original, mostly apostolic, inhabitants of Marange. The discovery also unleashed state violence on these groups, who evolved coping strategies in their efforts to continue benefiting from the resource, until a decisive police and army operation, ‘Dzokera Kumusha’ (Go Back Home), violently expelled the majority of artisanal miners from Chiadzwa in January 2009. This operation was an attempt by the state to regulate the diamond mining and trading process, in order to allow the registered mining companies it favoured to move in and start mining operations.
Data‐Snooping, Technical Trading Rule Performance, and the Bootstrap

In this paper we utilize Whites Reality Check bootstrap methodology (White (1997)) to evaluate simple technical trading rules while quantifying the data-snooping bias and fully adjusting for its effect inthe context of the full universe form which the trading rules are drawn. Henxe, for the first time, the paper presents a comrehensive test of perfomance across all technical trading rules examined. We consider the study of brock, Lakonishok and LeBaron (1992), expand their universe of 26 trading rules, apply the rules to 100 years of daily data on the Dow Jone Industrial Average, and determine the effects of data-snooping.
TOWARD A VOCABULARY FOR CLASSIFYING RESEARCH IN MECHANICAL DESIGN AUTOMATION

Research efforts for automating the design process of mechanical artifacts have been intensified in recent years. A variety of approaches have been proposed. However, as is usual in a new field, no unified theory or terminology has yet emerged. This situation is complicated further by lack of general agreement on what constitutes "design". Evidently, some common framework or vocabulary is necessary for researchers to be able to communicate and compare their efforts. This paper attempts to outline such a vocabulary and examines, by example, how it could be used to review current published research in mechanical design automation.
Aristophanes and de Ste. Croix: The Value of Old Comedy as Evidence for Athenian Popular Culture

Abstract De Ste. Croix famously argued that Aristophanes had a conservative political outlook and attempted to use his comedies to win over lower-class audiences to this minority point of view. The ongoing influence of his interpretation has meant that Old Comedy has been largely ignored in the historiography of Athenian popular culture. This article extends earlier critiques of de Ste. Croix by systematically comparing how Aristophanes and the indisputably popular genre of fourth-century oratory represented the social classes of the Athenians and political leaders. The striking parallels between the two suggest that Aristophanes, far from advocating a minority position, exploited the rich and, at times, contradictory views of lower-class citizens for comic and ultimately competitive ends. As a consequence his plays are valuable evidence for Athenian popular culture and help to correct the markedly fourth-century bias in the writing of Athenian cultural history.
Improving the throughput of synchronization by insertion of delays

Efficiency of synchronization mechanisms can limit the parallel performance of many shared-memory applications. In addition, the ever increasing performance gap between processor and interprocessor communication may further compromise the scalability of these primitives. Ideally, synchronization primitives should provide high performance under both high and low contention without requiring substantial programmer effort and software support. QOLR has been shown to offer substantial speedups and to outperform other synchronization primitives consistently, but at the cost of software support and protocol complexity. This paper proposes the use of speculation and delays to implement a purely hardware-based queueing mechanism called Implicit QOLB. Making use of the pervasiveness of the Load-Linked/Store-Conditional primitives, we present a series of hardware mechanisms to optimize performance for sharing patterns exhibited by locks and associated data. The mechanisms do not require any change to existing software or instruction sets. IQOLB sits alongside the cache-coherence protocol and guides the decisions the protocol makes with respect to lock (and associated data) transfers. Preliminary evaluations indicate that IQOLB may perform as well as, if not better than, QOLB without the additional software and protocol complexity.
Depolarization-induced depression of inhibitory transmission in cerebellar Purkinje cells

Several forms of depolarization‐induced plasticity in inhibitory transmission have been reported to occur in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), namely depolarization‐induced suppression of inhibition (DSI), depolarization‐induced potentiation of inhibition (DPI), and rebound potentiation (RP). Here, we describe another form of synaptic plasticity for gamma‐amino butyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission in PCs. Immediately following depolarization trains in a PC, evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs) changed their direction from outward to inward currents under a recording condition in which eIPSCs were elicited as an outward current. Subsequently, the eIPSC amplitude remained depressed (depolarization‐induced depression of inhibition [DDI]) for more than 20 min under the blockade of cannabinoid and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor‐mediated DSI and DPI, respectively. This DDI was completely abolished by intracellular infusion of the fast Ca2+‐chelating agent BAPTA and by inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Furthermore, DDI was strongly suppressed by calcium‐activated chloride channel (CaCC) blockers, while an inhibitor of cation‐chloride cotransporters (CCCs) partially blocked DDI during the early phase. Exogenous GABA‐induced inhibition of spontaneous spike activity was attenuated in ~50% of the PCs by climbing fiber stimulation‐induced depolarization. These results suggest that activation of both CaCCs and CCCs was necessary for alteration of [Cl‐]i after activation of CaMKII following elevation of [Ca2+]i in PCs. DDI may provide another mechanism for regulation of inhibitory inputs to PCs within the neuronal networks of the cerebellar cortex.
Web opinion mining: how to extract opinions from blogs?

The growing popularity of Web 2.0 provides with increasing numbers of documents expressing opinions on different topics. Recently, new research approaches have been defined in order to automatically extract such opinions from the Internet. They usually consider opinions to be expressed through adjectives, and make extensive use of either general dictionaries or experts to provide the relevant adjectives. Unfortunately, these approaches suffer from the following drawback: in a specific domain, a given adjective may either not exist or have a different meaning from another domain. In this paper, we propose a new approach focusing on two steps. First, we automatically extract a learning dataset for a specific domain from the Internet. Secondly, from this learning set we extract the set of positive and negative adjectives relevant to the domain. The usefulness of our approach was demonstrated by experiments performed on real data.
Latina/o Community Funds of Knowledge for Health and Curriculum

Community organizing brings Latina/o families together to enhance repertoires of culturally relevant practices to promote health and curriculum. The Healthy Schools Campaign, a 4-year environmental justice partnership between public health researchers and Latina/o organizations in 2 neighborhoods of Chicago, was formed to confront the epidemics of asthma and obesity in children that result in premature death. The partnership supported diverse organizing and addressed health inequity through inquiry with parents who created knowledge, took action, and reflected on outcomes in schools and in the community. Community funds of knowledge were created and exchanged through the processes of compromiso, confianza, and colaboración.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve–Preserving Mandibulectomy for Nonmalignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION Preservation or restoration of lip sensation is important in oral rehabilitation following ablative surgery. The lower lip is innervated by the inferior alveolar nerve, which provides unilateral sensation to the dentition and, through the mental nerve, to the labial mucosa anterior to the mental foramen and the skin from the commissure to the mental protuberance. The nerve is often sacrificed during segmental mandibulectomy resulting in lower lip anesthesia, which can predispose to problems such as drooling, impaired speech, and accidental biting of the lips. Bilateral sacrifice of the inferior alveolar nerve is particularly debilitating because it results in total lower lip anesthesia. Although restoration of the neurological deficit can be attempted with the use of nerve grafts to bridge the gap between the stumps of inferior alveolar nerve, the results are often less than satisfactory. When tumor control does not necessitate sacrifice of inferior alveolar nerve, as in some cases of benign tumors or osteoradionecrosis, attempts may be made to spare the nerve. Such an approach would obviate the need for additional effort at re-establishing sensation following mandibular reconstruction and may result in a better functional outcome. In the present report, we describe a technique for resecting the mandible while preserving inferior alveolar nerve function in two patients who required segmental mandibulectomy for nonmalignant lesions. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE The mandible is exposed by an intraoral or a transcervical approach or a combination of these, depending on the site and extent of the lesion. The first step involves exposing the mandible and identifying the mental nerve as it emerges through the mental foramen, which is located between the mandibular premolar teeth. In patients with edentulous, atrophic mandible the nerve’s relationship to the alveolar crest can be variable; it can occasionally lie over the alveolar crest. However, the distance from the inferior border remains constant throughout life. Therefore, it is safer to identify the nerve at a subperiosteal plane from the inferior border of mandible. The second step involves dissection to expose the mandibular canal and the neurovascular bundle. Circumferential dissection begins at the mental foramen with the use of surgical burrs. After a circular bony fragment is removed, the dissection continues along the remaining portion of embedded inferior alveolar nerve posteriorly until the point of planned vertical osteotomy is reached. With the mental nerve retracted slightly, the incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve is sectioned with knife and the proximal branch to the lower lip is left intact. This maneuver allows the nerve to be transposed from the mandibular canal to the cheek. The transposed inferior alveolar nerve can be anchored to the cheek flap using chromic sutures. This permits segmental resection of mandible without injuring the nerve.
Ieee Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 1 Warp Sculpting

— The task of computer-based free-form shape design is fraught with practical and conceptual difficulties. Incorporating elements of traditional clay sculpting has long been recognized as a means of shielding the user from these complexities. We present warp sculpting, a variant of spatial deformation , which allows deformations to be initiated by the rigid body transformation or uniform scaling of volumetric tools. This is reminiscent of a tool imprinting, flexing and molding clay. Unlike previous approaches, the deformation is truly interactive. Tools, encoded in a distance field, can have arbitrarily complex shapes. Although individual tools have a static shape, several tools can be applied simultaneously. We enhance the basic formulation of warp sculpting in two ways. Firstly, deformation is toggled to automatically overcome the problem of " sticky " tools, where the object's surface clings to parts of a tool that are moving away. Secondly, unlike many other spatial deformations we ensure that warp sculpting remains foldover-free and hence prevent self-intersecting objects.
Identification of an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interaction mechanism in breast cancer based on bioinformatic analysis

Non-coding RNAs serve important roles in regulating the expression of certain genes and are involved in the principal biological processes of breast cancer. The majority of studies have focused on defining the regulatory functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), and few studies have investigated how lncRNAs and miRNAs are transcriptionally regulated. In the present study, based on the breast invasive carcinoma dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas at cBioPortal, and using a bioinformatics computational approach, an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. The network consisted of 601 nodes and 706 edges, which represented the complex web of regulatory effects between lncRNAs, miRNAs and target genes. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-510 was the most potent miRNA controller and regulator of numerous target genes. In addition, it was observed that the lncRNAs PVT1, CCAT1 and linc00861 exhibited possible interactions with clinical biomarkers, including receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, demonstrated using RNA-protein interaction prediction software. The network of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions will facilitate further experimental studies and may be used to refine biomarker predictions for developing novel therapeutic approaches in breast cancer.
Peer group deviancy in organized activities and youths’ problem behaviours

The goal of this study was to examine whether youths’ perceptions of the level of deviancy in their organized activity peer group predicted an increase in their antisocial behaviours and substance use. Their prior behaviour and the level of codeviance with their friends were controlled. Moderators of this association were also examined, including characteristics of youths (i.e., gender) and activity contexts (i.e., type, degree of supervision, age and gender composition of the peer group). Participating youths (N 185; Mage 14.34, 60% girls) were surveyed in Grades 8 and 9 using phone interviews and questionnaires. Results revealed that peer group deviancy predicted increases in youths’ problem behaviours after controlling for covariates. In addition, this association was moderated by the age composition of the activity peer group for antisocial behaviours and by activity type for substance use. Overall, these findings draw attention to the possibility of negative peer group dynamics in organized activities.
Sexual Selection and Human Behaviour

This article reviews some recent evolutionary psychological theories about the interaction between environmental factors and sexual strategies. Evolutionary psychology explains sexual strategies in terms of innate information-processing mechanisms. The most important theoretical instrument relating to this topic is the theory of sexual selection and parental investment. Because of the unequal parental investment of the sexes, their sexual strategies differ. This is an important source of conflict between the sexes. Humans evolved in a complex social environment. As a consequence, human psychic mechanisms produce a wide variety of sexual strategies. Two dimensions along which human sexual strategies vary are considered here. First, people's mating strategies range from striving for a lifelong pair bond to aiming at a single act of copulation with someone. Second, strategies situated at the long-term end of the continuum can be polygynous, monogamous or polyandrous. The choices made by a concrete individual are influenced by several factors such as the personal life history, the general availability and predictability of resources, the distribution of political and economic power between men and women, the distribution of political and economic power between men themselves, the production mode of a society and finally the content of cultural representations in a society. It is shown that evolutionary psychology can be important for the explanation of contemporary behavioural differences. Some methodological problems of evolutionary psychology are reviewed and an evolutionary psychological perspective on the sex/gender distinction is considered.
Performance of a New HPV Cervi-Collect Collection and Transportation Kit

Background. Liquid-based Pap (L-Pap) media are used for Pap and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Objectives. To compare RealTime High Risk (HR) HPV testing of a new collection kit (Cervi-Collect) and PreservCyt L-Pap specimens. To determine ease of use and safety of Cervi-Collect. Methods. L-Pap samples (n = 203) were tested with HC2 and RealTime HR HPV and Cervi-Collect with RealTime HR HPV. Discordant samples were genotyped. Results. L-Pap and Cervi-Collect specimens tested by RealTime HR HPV showed 93.1% agreement (Kappa 0.86). RealTime HR HPV and HC2 on L-Pap had 90.3% agreement (Kappa 0.80). RealTime HR HPV on Cervi-Collect and HC2 on L-Pap showed 88.2% agreement (Kappa 0.76). Sixteen of 21 samples which were HC2 negative and RealTime HR HPV positive on L-Pap or Cervi-Collect contained HR HPV genotypes. Eleven healthcare collectors were in strong agreement on a usability and safety questionnaire. Conclusion. Cervi-Collect samples were easy to collect and showed strong agreement with L-Pap samples tested with RealTime HR HPV or HC2.
Verbal overshadowing of multiple face recognition: Effects on remembering and knowing over time

“Verbal overshadowing”, the phenomenon whereby the verbal reporting of a visual memory of a face interferes with subsequent recognition of that face, arises for the presentation of multiple faces following a single face description. We examined the time course of verbal overshadowing in the multiple face paradigm, and its influence on recollection and familiarity-based recognition judgements. Participants were presented with a series of faces and then described a further face (or not, in the control condition). Study faces were subsequently discriminated from distractors at either a short or long lag after initial presentation, in a yes/no recognition task using the remember/know procedure. Verbal overshadowing was most apparent at the short lag, for discrimination and false “know” judgements. We discuss these findings in terms of the nature of verbal interference in this paradigm.
Mechanism design and dynamic simulation of die bonding machines

Because die-bonding mechanism is precision machinery, the high-speed bonding head must be meet designed displacement and the force must be kept within a certain range. In this paper, a 3D model of a bonding mechanism was designed and implemented within SolidWorks® software, and analyzed dynamically in ADAMS® software. Through the motion simulation to designed velocity, the displacement curve and the bonding force curve were obtained. The graphs yielded by simulating show that the movement and the bonding force of the pick-up head meet the design criterion and the die attach process of a die bonder. Based on the analysis result, a die bonding machine is designed and manufactured.
Treatment of the Crooked Nose: The Final Steps to Perfection

Abstract Perfection is sometimes approached in treatment of the crooked nose today but not fully achieved due to the continued existence of flaws. While the traditional surgical algorithm envisages the use of 2 series of procedures to straighten the nasal bones and cartilaginous septum, the addition of a third appears very useful with a view to obtaining truly excellent results, above all in the case of marked deviation. The authors present their experience in the use of certain procedures designed to correct asymmetry of the upper lateral and lower lateral cartilages, as well as the soft covering tissues where necessary. A retrospective study was carried out on 105 patients treated for crooked nose over a 3-year period, 90% of the patients being due to trauma and the remaining 10% to congenital malformation. All the patients involved severe deviation of the nasal pyramid. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range: 8–36 months). The use of these additional surgical procedures made it possible to obtain excellent final results in 83 (97.6%) patients with crooked nose of traumatic origin and in 17 (85%) patients with crooked nose due to congenital malformation. No major complication was registered, although 3 patients did present minor complications not connected with the nasal deviation. In conclusion, more modern approach to correction of the crooked nose should involve not only realignment of the osteocartilaginous axis but also treatment of the neighboring structures.
Psychotic Depression: A Peculiar Presentation for Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently associated with a number of different psychiatric syndromes. Solely psychiatric syndrome may be the first clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis. We report a patient whose first attack was psychotic depression. The present case emphasizes that psychiatric symptoms can occur at any time during the course of the disease and, moreover, may be the presenting feature.
An Improved Element for Use in Array Antennas

A new element is described which is useful in array antennas. This element has a circular symmetric radiation pattern, controllable beamwidth, and exhibits extremely low mutual coupling between elements in the array. A modification of this antenna element results in a single antenna having equal E- and H-plane patterns, no side lobes and extremely low back radiation.
High dimensional statistical shape model for medical image analysis

Statistical shape models have been widely used in biomedical image analysis, e.g. segmentation, registration, and shape classification. The traditional statistical shape models forced all shape parameters of each shape into one vector and put all vectors together to generate the point distribution model (PDM). The standard principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to project all shapes onto subspaces for dimensionality reduction. Since the shape vectors have a large dimension, the previous methods is computational expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical shape models using natural PDM representations by multiple matrices and two dimensional PCA (2DPCA) is used to reduce the dimensionality of shape parameters. Because 2DPCA considers the correlations of row by row and column by column, our technique can fast extract the principle shape parameters. Combining with spherical harmonics shape representation, we create a framework for biomedical anatomic structures' shape analysis and classification. The experimental results using real cardiac left ventricle shapes have demonstrated our method outperforms the previous statistical shape modeling.