Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Canonical Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Pathway during Lung Morphogenesis and Adult Lung Tissue Repair

Signaling by Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMP) has been implicated in early lung development, adult lung homeostasis and tissue-injury repair. However, the precise mechanism of action and the spatio-temporal pattern of BMP-signaling during these processes remains inadequately described. To address this, we have utilized a transgenic line harboring a BMP-responsive eGFP-reporter allele (BRE-eGFP) to construct the first detailed spatiotemporal map of canonical BMP-pathway activation during lung development, homeostasis and adult-lung injury repair. We demonstrate that during the pseudoglandular stage, when branching morphogenesis progresses in the developing lung, canonical BMP-pathway is active mainly in the vascular network and the sub-epithelial smooth muscle layer of the proximal airways. Activation of the BMP-pathway becomes evident in epithelial compartments only after embryonic day (E) 14.5 primarily in cells negative for epithelial-lineage markers, located in the proximal portion of the airway-tree, clusters adjacent to neuro-epithelial-bodies (NEBs) and in a substantial portion of alveolar epithelial cells. The pathway becomes activated in isolated E12.5 mesenchyme-free distal epithelial buds cultured in Matrigel suggesting that absence of reporter activity in these regions stems from a dynamic cross-talk between endoderm and mesenchyme. Epithelial cells with activated BMP-pathway are enriched in progenitors capable of forming colonies in three-dimensional Matrigel cultures. As lung morphogenesis approaches completion, eGFP-expression declines and in adult lung its expression is barely detectable. However, upon tissue-injury, either with naphthalene or bleomycin, the canonical BMP-pathways is re-activated, in bronchial or alveolar epithelial cells respectively, in a manner reminiscent to early lung development and in tissue areas where reparatory progenitor cells reside. Our studies illustrate the dynamic activation of canonical BMP-pathway during lung development and adult lung tissue-repair and highlight its involvement in two important processes, namely, the early development of the pulmonary vasculature and the management of epithelial progenitor pools both during lung development and repair of adult lung tissue-injury.
Performance evaluation of FD-SOI Mosfets for different metal gate work function

Fully depleted (FD) Silicon on Insulator (SOI) metal oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) Is the Leading Contender for Sun 65nm Regime. This paper presents a study of effects of work functions of metal gate on the performance of FD-SOI MOSFET. Sentaurus TCAD simulation tool is used to investigate the effect of work function of gates ont he performance FDSOI MOSFET. Specific channel length of the device that had been concentrated is 25nm. From simulation we observed that by changing the work function of the metal gates of FD-SOI MOSFET we can change the threshold voltage. Hence by using this technique we can set the appropriate threshold voltage of FD-SOI MOSFET at same voltage and we can decrease the leakage current, gate tunneling current and short channel effects and increase drive current.
Use of prisms for navigation and driving in hemianopic patients

Purpose: (1) To compare the outcomes of orientation and mobility and driving training with Fresnel prisms and the Gottlieb Visual Field Awareness System for patients with homonymous hemianopsia, and (2) To determine whether the patients continue to use the optical enhancement devices at a 2‐year follow‐up point.
Formulation Development and Characterization of Nanostructured Hetrolipid Matrix of Levofloxacin Hemihydrate for Ocular Drug Delivery

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) formulated using one type of lipid (homolipid) suffer from low drug encapsulation and drug bursting due to crystallization of the lipid into the more ordered b modification, thus leading to decreased drug entrapment and faster drug release. This study assessed the feasibility of using nanostructured lipid matrices (NLM) for ocular delivery of levofloxacin hemihydrate adopting heterolipids composed of mixtures of lipid and stabilized by surfactant. The systems were prepared using the modified solvent injection method followed by ultrasonication. The NLM were characterized by entrapment efficiency percentages EE %), mean particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP). The in vitro drug release was studied using dialysis bag method. Decreasing gelucire concentration was accompanied by an increase in drug entrapment followed by an increase in particle size. The best formula, composed of Compritol: Gelucire in 1:1 ratio, 10 mg stearylamine, and 1% poloxamer, with EE% of 69.41%, PS of 220.1 nm, PDI of 0.202, and ZP of 24.3 mV, showed in vitro sustained release properties for 24 hours.
The analysis of chromosome patterns in the abnormal cell

1. In a previous paper (Barton & David, 1 9 6 1 ~ ) we discussed briefly the test of the hypothesis that homologous pairs of chromosomes in the normal cell are situated randomly with respect to one another. The application of this analysis to a number of observed normal patterns was made in a further paper. We now turn to study the analysis of chromosome patterns when there are either an abnormal number of chromosomes in toto in the cell, or where the number is the normal 46 but these are not 23 pairs. It will be clear that another application of the analysis could be for the normal cell of 23 pairs where there is difficulty in distinguishing between certain chromosomes with adjacent numbering. The mathematical derivation of the results which we use here has been given in Barton & David (1961b). 2. It is assumed as before that the coordinates of each of the N centromeres are known referred to some convenient origin and a convenient pair of axes of co-ordinates. Write the means of the x and y co-ordinates, respectively, as E and fj and define
Improved adaptive replacement algorithm for disk caches in HSM systems

With an ever increasing amount of data to store, hierarchical storage management (HSM) systems must still use tape for tertiary storage. A disk cache is used to reduce the access time to data stored on tapes in a robot device. Due to the sequential access to tape devices, some HSM systems will transfer whole files between disk cache and tape. In this case the disk cache is forced to handle storage objects of nonuniform data size. In this article the term 'object' is used initially to emphasize that size is a property of the data stored in the disk cache. Thereafter files will be called cache objects and the disk cache will be called object cache. When dealing with file objects in a HSM system disk cache, size is not the only property that influences object replacement. A new replacement algorithm called ObjectLRU (OLRU) is introduced that considers different object properties for replacement. Using file system traces and cache simulation, the performance of OLRU is evaluated. Compared to the LRU replacement algorithm, the OLRU replacement improved cache hit rates for all simulated cache sizes. The gap between hit rates for the LRU and OPT replacement algorithms, which ranges between 3.2 and 0.7 percent, is reduced to between 1.9 and 0.6 percent. An online optimization of OLRU parameters is used to increase the adaptiveness of the OLRU algorithm by utilizing a genetic algorithm.
Preservation of Tropomyosin-Related Kinase B (TrkB) Signaling by Sodium Orthovanadate Attenuates Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Background and Purpose— Recent studies reported that apoptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine whether sodium orthovanadate (SOV) prevents post-SAH apoptosis by modulating growth factors and its downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Method— Rats were operated on with the endovascular perforation model. SAH animals were treated with vehicle, 3 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg SOV, and evaluated regarding neurofunction and brain edema. The expression of growth factors such as mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor and phosphorylation of tropomyosin-related kinase B, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and the downstream pathway in antiapoptosis, was examined by Western blot analysis. Neuronal cell death was measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5′-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling staining. We also administered K252a, a tropomyosin-related kinase B antagonist, to examine the mechanisms for neuroprotective effects by SOV. Results— SOV significantly improved neurofunction and reduced brain edema after SAH. SOV increased mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor and prevented post-SAH tropomyosin-related kinase B inactivation and caspase-3 activation, resulting in attenuation of neuronal cell death in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region. Preinjection of K252a abolished the beneficial effects of SOV. Conclusions— The current study showed that brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced tropomyosin-related kinase B activation by SOV was necessary for protection against early brain injury after SAH.
Time-efficient transient loops avoiding in snapshot routing algorithm

Snapshot routing algorithm is widely applied in satellite networks to reduce the impact caused by the dynamic varying topology. When the satellite network topology changes, the snapshot routing table in each satellite switches to the predefined new one automatically. Originally, snapshot routing tables switch synchronously in all satellites, and a major part of the network routing paths change in a flash. As a result, a lot of rollback traffic caused by the routing path changes produces many transient routing loops. In this paper, we analyzed the cause of the transient routing loops in satellite networks, such as predictable and unpredictable network topology changes. Based on the ordering update method and time-based update method, we proposed the group partitioning synchronous (GPS) update method for the predictable topology changes and the source routing based multicast (SRM) update method for the unpredictable changes. Results show that our methods can efficiently avoid the transient routing loops in satellite networks with acceptable convergence time, reduced transmission hops and lower network overhead.
A Common Genetic Variant (97906C>A) of DAB2IP/AIP1 Is Associated with an Increased Risk and Early Onset of Lung Cancer in Chinese Males

DOC-2/DAB2 interactive protein (DAB2IP) is a novel identified tumor suppressor gene that inhibits cell growth and facilitates cell apoptosis. One genetic variant in DAB2IP gene was reported to be associated with an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer recently. Since DAB2IP involves in the development of lung cancer and low expression of DAB2IP are observed in lung cancer, we hypothesized that the variations in DAB2IP gene can increase the genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. In a case-control study of 1056 lung cancer cases and 1056 sex and age frequency-matched cancer-free controls, we investigated the association between two common polymorphisms in DAB2IP gene (−1420T>G, rs7042542; 97906C>A, rs1571801) and the risk of lung cancer. We found that compared with the 97906CC genotypes, carriers of variant genotypes (97906AC+AA) had a significant increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.04–1.70, P = 0.023) and the number of variant (risk) allele worked in a dose-response manner (P trend = 0.0158). Further stratification analysis showed that the risk association was more pronounced in subjects aged less than 60 years old, males, non-smokers, non-drinkers, overweight groups and in those with family cancer history in first or second-degree relatives, and the 97906A interacted with overweight on lung cancer risk. We further found the number of risk alleles (97906A allele) were negatively correlated with early diagnosis age of lung cancer in male patients (P = 0.003). However, no significant association was observed on the −1420T>G polymorphism. Our data suggested that the 97906A variant genotypes are associated with the increased risk and early onset of lung cancer, particularly in males.
Signal transduction on enzymes: the Effect of electromagnetic field stimuli on superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Protein functions and characteristics can highly differ from physiological conditions in presence of chemical, mechanical or electromagnetic stimuli. In this work we provide a rigorous picture of electric field effects on proteins behavior investigating, at atomistic details, the possible ways in which an external signal can be transduced into biochemical effects. Results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a single superoxidismutase (SOD) enzyme in presence of high exogenous alternate electric fields will be discussed.
A Three-Year Study of the Impact of Instructor Attitude, Enthusiasm, and Teaching Style on Student Learning in a Medicinal Chemistry Course

Objective. To determine the effect of instructor attitude, enthusiasm, and teaching style on learning for distance and campus pharmacy students. Methods. Over a 3-year period, distance and campus students enrolled in the spring semester of a medicinal chemistry course were asked to complete a survey instrument with questions related to instructor attitude, enthusiasm, and teaching style, as well as items to measure student intrinsic motivation and vitality. Results. More positive responses were observed among distance students and older students. Gender did not impact student perspectives on 25 of the 26 survey questions. Student-related items were significantly correlated with instructor-related items. Also, student-related items and second-year cumulative grade point average were predictive of students’ final course grades. Instructor enthusiasm demonstrated the highest correlation with student intrinsic motivation and vitality. Conclusion. While this study addresses the importance of content mastery and instructional methodologies, it focuses on issues related to instructor attitude, instructor enthusiasm, and teaching style, which all play a critical role in the learning process. Thus, instructors have a responsibility to evaluate, reevaluate, and analyze the above factors to address any related issues that impact the learning process, including their influence on professional students’ intrinsic motivation and vitality, and ability to meet educational outcomes.
Handbook of Tests and Measurement in Education and the Social Sciences

Are you a teacher or guidance counselor looking for an accessible reference guide? This revised edition of a popular 1993 anthology includes 120 tests and surveys, bringing together psychometric information about instruments developed to measure constructs in education and social sciences. Includes references to both published and unpublished instruments-scales, questionnaires, surveys, indices, and inventories-which otherwise would be painstakingly difficult for the researcher/teacher/counselor to locate.
An Holistic Approach to e-Nose Response Patterns Analysis—An Application to Nondestructive Tests

Artificial olfaction is an emerging application field for machine learning practitioners. In this paper, we propose a holistic approach to pattern classification in electronic noses applications. In particular, we show how classification results based on a complete measurement cycle can be combined with an assessment provided by real-time classifiers acting on the single instantaneous measurement sample. A running classification confidence measure allows for obtaining fast and reliable outcomes. A safety critical scenario has been selected for the testing of the proposed pattern analysis strategy involving the identification and discrimination of surface contaminants on composite panels in pre-bonding nondestructive tests during lightweight aircraft assembly. A reject option has been introduced to refuse low classification confidence panels improving both FP and FN rates. Results show how this strategy can efficiently exploit two different views of the electronic nose olfactive fingerprinting process that is currently seen as alternative.
Coding against delayed adversaries

In this work we consider the communication of information in the presence of a delayed adversarial jammer. In the setting under study, a sender wishes to communicate a message to a receiver by transmitting a codeword x = (x<inf>1</inf>, …, x<inf>n</inf>) over a communication channel. The adversarial jammer can view the transmitted symbols xi one at a time, but must base its action (when changing x<inf>i</inf>) on x<inf>j</inf> for j ≤ i - Δ<inf>n</inf>, where Δ ∈ [0, 1] is a delay parameter. In this work, we study codes for a class of delayed adversaries, and for any delay Δ > 0 present a single letter characterization of the achievable communication rate in the presence of such adversaries.
Calcium-modulated guanylate cyclase transduction machinery in the photoreceptor--bipolar synaptic region.

Rod outer segment membrane guanylate cyclase (ROS-GC) transduction system is a central component of the Ca(2+)-sensitive phototransduction machinery. The system is composed of two parts: Ca(2+) sensor guanylate cyclase activating protein (GCAP) and ROS-GC. GCAP senses Ca(2+) impulses and inhibits the cyclase. This operational feature of the cyclase is considered to be unique and exclusive in the phototransduction machinery. A combination of reconstitution, peptide competition, cross-linking, and immunocytochemical studies has been used in this study to show that the GCAP1/ROS-GC1 transduction system also exists in the photoreceptor synaptic (presynaptic) termini. Thus, the presence of this system and its linkage is not unique to the phototransduction machinery. A recent study has demonstrated that the photoreceptor-bipolar synaptic region also contains a Ca(2+)-stimulated ROS-GC1 transduction system [Duda, T. , et al. (2002) EMBO J. 21, 2547-2556]. In this case, S100beta senses Ca(2+) and stimulates the cyclase. The inhibitory and stimulatory Ca(2+)-modulated ROS-GC1 sites are distinct. These findings allow the formation of a new topographic model of ROS-GC1 transduction. In this model, the catalytic module of ROS-GC1 at its opposite ends is flanked by GCAP1 and S100beta modules. GCAP1 senses the Ca(2+) impulse and inhibits the catalytic module; S100beta senses the impulse and stimulates the catalytic module. Thus, ROS-GC1 acts as a bimodal Ca(2+) signal transduction switch in the photoreceptor bipolar synapse.
Assessment of feigned cognitive impairment: A neuropsychological perspective.

Part 1. Symptom Fabrication: Social and Biological Perspectives. Stone, Boone, Feigning of Physical, Psychiatric, and Cognitive Symptoms: Examples from History, the Arts, and Animal Behavior. Kingery, Schretlen, Functional Neuroimaging of Deception and Malingering. Part 2. Cognitive Effort Assessment Techniques and Strategies. Boone, A Reconsideration of the Slick et al. (1999) Criteria for Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction. Green, Spoiled for Choice: Making Comparisons between Forced-Choice Effort Tests. Nitch, Glassmire, Non-Forced-Choice Measures to Detect Noncredible Cognitive Performance. Babikian, Boone, Intelligence Tests as Measures of Effort. Lu, Rogers, Boone, Use of Standard Memory Tests to Detect Suspect Effort. Sweet, Nelson, Validity Indicators within Executive Function Measures: Use and Limits in Detection of Malingering. Arnold, Boone, Use of Motor and Sensory Tests as Measures of Effort. Greiffenstein, Fox, Lees-Haley, The MMPI-2 Fake Bad Scale in Detection of Noncredible Brain Injury Claims. Part 3. Cognitive Effort Testing in Various Clinical Populations. Meyers, Malingering Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Behavioral Approaches Used by Both Malingering Actors and Probable Malingerers. Suhr, Spickard, Including Measures of Effort in Neuropsychological Assessment of Pain- and Fatigue-Related Medical Disorders: Clinical and Research Implications. Goldberg, Back-Madruga, Boone, The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Cognitive Symptom Validity Test Scores. Victor, Boone, Identification of Feigned Mental Retardation. Williamson, Drane, Stroup, Symptom Validity Tests in the Epilepsy Clinic. Alfano, Boone, The Use of Effort Tests in the Context of Actual versus Feigned Attention-Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder and Learning Disability. McCaffrey,Yantz, Cognitive Complaints in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity and Toxic Mold Syndrome. Salazar, Lu, Wen, Boone, The Use of Effort Tests in Ethnic Minorities and in Non-English-Speaking and English as a Second Language Populations. Denney, Assessment of Malingering in Criminal Forensic Neuropsychological Settings. Rohling, Boone, Future Directions in Effort Assessment.
Lyα Emission from Structure Formation

The nature of the interaction between galaxies and the intergalactic medium (IGM) is one of the most fundamental problems in astrophysics. The accretion of gas onto galaxies provides fuel for star formation, while galactic winds transform the nearby IGM in a number of ways. One exciting technique to study this gas is through the imaging of hydrogen Lyα emission. We use cosmological simulations to study the Lyα signals expected from the growth of cosmic structure from z = 0-5. We show that if dust absorption is negligible, recombinations following the absorption of stellar ionizing photons dominate the total Lyα photon production rate. However, galaxies are also surrounded by "Lyα coronae" of diffuse IGM gas. These coronae are composed of a combination of accreting gas and material ejected from the central galaxy by winds. The Lyα emission from this phase is powered by a combination of gravitational processes and the photoionizing background. While the former dominates at z ~ 0, collisional excitation following photoheating may well dominate the total emission at higher redshifts. The central regions of these systems are dense enough to shield themselves from the metagalactic ionizing background; unfortunately, in this regime our simulations are no longer reliable. We therefore consider several scenarios for the emission from the central cores, including one in which self-shielded gas does not emit at all. We show that the combination of star formation and cooling IGM gas can explain most of the observed "Lyα blobs" at z ~ 3, with the important exception of the largest sources. On the other hand, except under the most optimistic assumptions, cooling IGM gas cannot explain the observations on its own.