Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of temperature rise in bone drilling with cooling: A comparison between modes of without cooling, internal gas cooling, and external liquid cooling

Bone fracture occurs due to accident, aging, and disease. For the treatment of bone fractures, it is essential that the bones are kept fixed in the right place. In complex fractures, internal fixation or external methods are used to fix the fracture position. In order to immobilize the fracture position and connect the holder equipment to it, bone drilling is required. During the drilling of the bone, the required forces to chip formation could cause an increase in the temperature. If the resulting temperature increases to 47 °C, it causes thermal necrosis of the bone. Thermal necrosis decreases bone strength in the hole and, subsequently, due to incomplete immobilization of bone, fracture repair is not performed correctly. In this study, attempts have been made to compare local temperature increases in different processes of bone drilling. This comparison has been done between drilling without cooling, drilling with gas cooling, and liquid cooling on bovine femur. Drilling tests with gas coolant using direct injection of CO2 and N2 gases were carried out by internal coolant drill bit. The results showed that with the use of gas coolant, the elevation of temperature has limited to 6 °C and the thermal necrosis is prevented. Maximum temperature rise reached in drilling without cooling was 56 °C, using gas and liquid coolant, a maximum temperature elevation of 43 °C and 42 °C have been obtained, respectively. This resulted in decreased possibility of thermal necrosis of bone in drilling with gas and liquid cooling. However, the results showed that the values obtained with the drilling method with direct gas cooling are independent of the rotational speed of drill.
Towards Estimation of HIV-1 Date of Infection: A Time-Continuous IgG-Model Shows That Seroconversion Does Not Occur at the Midpoint between Negative and Positive Tests

Estimating date of infection for HIV-1-infected patients is vital for disease tracking and informed public health decisions, but is difficult to obtain because most patients have an established infection of unknown duration at diagnosis. Previous studies have used HIV-1-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels as measured by the IgG capture BED enzyme immunoassay (BED assay) to indicate if a patient was infected recently, but a time-continuous model has not been available. Therefore, we developed a logistic model of IgG production over time. We used previously published metadata from 792 patients for whom the HIV-1-specific IgG levels had been longitudinally measured using the BED assay. To account for patient variability, we used mixed effects modeling to estimate general population parameters. The typical patient IgG production rate was estimated at r = 6.72[approximate 95% CI 6.17,7.33]×10−3 OD-n units day−1, and the carrying capacity at K = 1.84[1.75,1.95] OD-n units, predicting how recently patients seroconverted in the interval ∧ t = (31,711) days. Final model selection and validation was performed on new BED data from a population of 819 Swedish HIV-1 patients diagnosed in 2002–2010. On an appropriate subset of 350 patients, the best model parameterization had an accuracy of 94% finding a realistic seroconversion date. We found that seroconversion on average is at the midpoint between last negative and first positive HIV-1 test for patients diagnosed in prospective/cohort studies such as those included in the training dataset. In contrast, seroconversion is strongly skewed towards the first positive sample for patients identified by regular public health diagnostic testing as illustrated in the validation dataset. Our model opens the door to more accurate estimates of date of infection for HIV-1 patients, which may facilitate a better understanding of HIV-1 epidemiology on a population level and individualized prevention, such as guidance during contact tracing.
Tight-binding model including cation d orbitals to predict valence-band offset in zinc-blende semiconductor heterojunctions.

We extend Harrison's tight-binding model by incorporating cation d orbitals as base functions, and present a formulation to predict the valence-band offset of semiconductor heterojunctions. By testing the formulation in ${\mathrm{In}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathit{y}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{y}}$ lattice matched to InP and ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$As, it is shown that cation d orbitals considerably affect valence-band maximum energy and, hence, have a significant influence on the band-offset problem.
Automatic Extraction of Syntactic Semantic Patterns for Multilingual Resources

In this paper we present an automatic system for the extraction of syntactic semantic patterns applied to the development of multilingual processing tools. In order to achieve optimum methods for the automatic treatment of more than one language, we propose the use of syntactic semantic patterns. These patterns are formed by a verbal head and the main arguments, and they are aligned among languages. In this paper we present an automatic system for the extraction and alignment of syntactic semantic patterns from two manually annotated corpora, and evaluate the main linguistic problems that we must deal with in the alignment process.
Preoperative Placement of Inferior Vena Cava Filters and Outcomes After Gastric Bypass Surgery

Objective:To assess relationships between inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement and complications within 30 days of gastric bypass surgery. Summary of Background Data:IVC filters are increasingly being used as prophylaxis against postoperative pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing bariatric surgery, despite a lack of evidence of effectiveness. Methods:On the basis of data from a prospective clinical registry involving 20 Michigan hospitals, we identified 6376 patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery between 2006 and 2008. We then assessed relationships between IVC filter placement and complications within 30 days of surgery. We used propensity scores and fixed effects logistic regression to control for potential selection bias. Results:A total of 542 gastric bypass patients (8.5%) underwent preoperative IVC filter placement, most of whom (65%) had no history of venous thromboembolism. The use of IVC filters for gastric bypass patients varied widely across hospitals (range, 0%–34%). IVC filter patients did not have reduced rates of postoperative venous thromboembolism (adjusted odds ratio [OR], = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–3.21), serious complications (adjusted OR, = 1.40; 95% CI, 0.91–2.16), or death/permanent disability (adjusted OR, = 2.49; 95% CI, 0.99–6.26). More than half (57%) of the IVC filter patients in the latter group had a fatal pulmonary embolism or complications directly related to the IVC filter itself, including filter migration or thrombosis of the vena cava. In subgroup analyses, we were unable to identify any patient group for whom IVC filters were associated with improved outcomes. Conclusions:Prophylactic IVC filters for gastric bypass surgery do not reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism and may lead to additional complications.
Using microarrays to identify positional candidate genes for QTL : the case study of ACTH response in pigs

Background: Microarray studies can supplement QTL studies by suggesting potential candidate genes in the QTL regions, which by themselves are too large to provide a limited selection of candidate genes. Here we provide a case study where we explore ways to integrate QTL data and microarray data for the pig, which has only a partial genome sequence. We outline various procedures to localize differentially expressed genes on the pig genome and link this with information on published QTL. The starting point is a set of 237 differentially expressed cDNA clones in adrenal tissue from two pig breeds, before and after treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Results: Different approaches to localize the differentially expressed (DE) genes to the pig genome showed different levels of success and a clear lack of concordance for some genes between the various approaches. For a focused analysis on 12 genes, overlapping QTL from the public domain were presented. Also, differentially expressed genes underlying QTL for ACTH response were described. Using the latest version of the draft sequence, the differentially expressed genes were mapped to the pig genome. This enabled co-location of DE genes and previously studied QTL regions, but the draft genome sequence is still incomplete and will contain many errors. A further step to explore links between DE genes and QTL at the pathway level was largely unsuccessful due to the lack of annotation of the pig genome. This could be improved by further comparative mapping analyses but this would be time consuming. from EADGENE and SABRE Post-analyses Workshop Lelystad, The Netherlands. 12–14 November 2008 Published: 16 July 2009 BMC Proceedings 2009, 3(Suppl 4):S14 doi:10.1186/1753-6561-3-S4-S14 <supplement> <title> <p>EADGENE and SABRE Post-analyses Workshop</p> </title> <editor>Dirk-Jan de Koning</editor> <sponsor> <note>The publication of these proceedings was supported by the EC-funded Network of Excellence EADGENE (EC contract number FOOD-CT-2004-506416). </note> </sponsor> <note>Proceedings</note> <url>http://www.biomedcentral. com/content/pdf/1753-6561-3-S4-info.pdf</url> </supplement> This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1753-6561/3/S4/S14 © 2009 Jouffe et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Towards accurate recovery of shape from shading under diffuse lighting

We present a surface radiance model for diffuse lighting that incorporates shadows, interreflections, and surface orientation. We show that, for smooth surfaces, the model is an excellent approximation of the radiosity equation. We present a new data structure and algorithm that uses this model to compute shape-from-shading under diffuse lighting. The algorithm was tested on both synthetic and real images, and performs more accurately than the only previous algorithm for this problem. Various causes of error are discussed, including approximation errors in image modelling, poor local constraints at the image boundary, and ill-conditioning of the problem itself.
Robust Non-intrusive Real Time Access Control Squint Eye States Detection Based on Hough Transform on Human Face Images

This paper provides an idea about defective binocular vision which causes Vision loss in the turned eye. The eyes need to be straight for the brain to combine the images seen by the two eyes into a single picture. This gives us 3 dimensional visions, which allows us to judge depth. If an eye turns in, it can interrupt the total field of vision. Despite active research and significant progress in the last few years, eye detection and tracking remains challenging due to the individuality of eyes, occlusion, and variability in scale, location, and light conditions. Data on eye location and details of eye movements have numerous applications and are essential in face detection, biometric identification. In this paper, we have proposed an overview on real time access control detection system and their classification with some drawback and basic assumption for squint eye detection. This paper reviews current progress and state of the art in video-based eye detection and tracking in order to identify promising techniques as well as issues to be further addressed. We present a detailed review of recent eye models and techniques for eye detection and tracking. We also survey methods for gaze estimation and compare them based on their geometric properties and reported accuracies. This review shows that, despite their apparent simplicity, the development of a general eye detection technique involves addressing many challenges, requires further theoretical developments, and is consequently of interest to many other domains problems in computer vision and beyond(1) (2).
PERSONALIZATION OF WEB-BASED INTERFACES FOR HUMANS AND AGENTS , APPLIED TO E-GOVERNMENT PORTALS

An important part of E-Government is bringing administration closer to citizens. A way for this are webportals, where information and (increasingly in the future) online transactions are possible. To improve the utility of these portals, personalization can be used for presenting more tightly focused information. As customers of such services can be both humans and agents, we present the methods possible for adapting content to both. Necessary aspects of personalization for E-Government portals are identified (both technical and organizational changes necessary) and applied to the methods presented.
Staphylococcus aureus in Continuous Culture: A Tool for the Rational Design of Antibiotic Treatment Protocols

In vitro measures of the pharmacodynamics of antibiotics that account for the factors anticipated for bacteria in infected patients are central to the rational design of antibiotic treatment protocols. We consider whether or not continuous culture devices are a way to obtain these measures. Staphylococcus aureus PS80 in high-density continuous cultures were exposed to oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, gentamicin, daptomycin and linezolid. Contrary to results from low density retentostats as well as to predictions of traditional PK/MIC ratios, daily dosing with up to 100× MIC did not clear these cultures. The densities of S. aureus in these cultures oscillated with constant amplitude and never fell below 105 CFU per ml. Save for daptomycin “treated” populations, the densities of bacteria in these cultures remained significantly below that of similar antibiotic-free cultures. Although these antibiotics varied in their pharmacodynamic properties there were only modest differences in their mean densities. Mathematical models and experiments suggest that the dominant factor preventing clearance was wall-adhering subpopulations reseeding the planktonic population which can be estimated and corrected for. Continuous cultures provide a way to evaluate the potential efficacy of antibiotic treatment regimes in vitro under conditions that are more clinically realistic and comprehensive than traditional in vitro PK/PD indices.
In Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction during Hot-Forming of a Multiphase TiAl Alloy

Intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys exhibit excellent high-temperature strength combined with low density. This makes them ideal candidates for replacing the twice as dense Ni base super-alloys, currently used in the medium temperature range (~700 °C) of industrial and aviation gas turbines. An important step towards the serial production of TiAl parts is the development of suitable hot-forming processes. Thermo-mechanical treatments often result in mechanical anisotropy due to the formation of crystallographic textures. However, with conventional texture analysis techniques, their formation can only be studied after processing. In this study, in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements with synchrotron radiation were performed during hot-forming. Thus, it was possible to record the evolution of the phase constitution as well as the formation of crystallographic texture of different phases directly during processing. Several process temperatures (1100 °C to 1300 °C) and deformation rates were investigated. Based on these experiments, a process window can be recommended which results in the formation of an optimal reduced texture.
The FF Planning System: Fast Plan Generation Through Heuristic Search

We describe and evaluate the algorithmic techniques that are used in the FF planning system. Like the HSP system, FF relies on forward state space search, using a heuristic that estimates goal distances by ignoring delete lists. Unlike HSP's heuristic, our method does not assume facts to be independent. We introduce a novel search strategy that combines hill-climbing with systematic search, and we show how other powerful heuristic information can be extracted and used to prune the search space. FF was the most successful automatic planner at the recent AIPS-2000 planning competition. We review the results of the competition, give data for other benchmark domains, and investigate the reasons for the runtime performance of FF compared to HSP.
Advances in SAR Polarimetry

The first step of pre-processing of SAR data involves the conversion of slant range to ground range multi looking process and polarization synthesis. The latter step involves generating 2×2 scattering matrix which can be used to synthesize the radar return with any transmit/receive polarizations and thereby measuring the complete information of the earth feature. This chapter is divided in two parts first part deals with processing and parameter extraction from fully Polarimetric SAR data and the second part explains backscatter image generation.
Normalized SAD Method for Chinese Document Image Registration

In the area of digital content technologies, Chinese document image registration is an important task of document mosaic system, also an important research content of distorted document recognition system. The Sum of Absolute Difference, SAD, is a similarity criterion for image registration. To get better document image registration accuracy, a document image registration method based on normalized SAD is proposed. In this method, a pre-processing procedure is performed to identify the inflection point for the normalized SAD registration. Then gray histogram of the matched image is normalized firstly so that the different laminations of the two document image can be eliminated. Then the two document images are registered by the SAD method. At last, a post-processing of the normalized SAD registration method is performed to the two registered document images so that the two distorted document images can be mosaiced together and get a flatter document image. Experimental results show that the document image registration method based on normalized SAD is more robust than the classical SAD method and the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) rate of the new mosaiced image is markedly higher than the two original distorted document images.
Elevated Expression of IL-23/IL-17 Pathway–Related Mediators Correlates With Exacerbation of Pulmonary Inflammation During Polymicrobial Sepsis

ABSTRACT Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, claiming more than 215,000 lives every year. A primary condition observed in septic patients is the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils into the lung. Prior studies have shown differences in pulmonary neutrophil accumulation in C57BL/6J (B6) and A/J mice after endotoxic and septic shock. However, the mechanism by which neutrophils accumulate in the lung after polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture still remains to be fully elucidated. We show in this study that lung inflammation, characterized by neutrophil infiltration and expression of inflammatory cytokines, was aggravated in B6 as compared with A/J mice and correlated with a high expression of p19, the interleukin 23 (IL-23)–specific subunit. Furthermore, lipopolysaccharide stimulation of B6- and A/J-derived macrophages, one of the main producers of IL-23 and IL-12, revealed that B6 mice favored the production of IL-23, whereas A/J-derived macrophages expressed higher levels of IL-12. In addition, expression of IL-17, known to be upregulated by IL-23, was also more elevated in the lung of B6 mice when compared with that in the lung of A/J mice. In contrast, pulmonary expression of interferon-&ggr; was much more pronounced in A/J than that in B6 mice, which was most likely a result of a higher production of IL-12. The expression of the IL-17–dependent neutrophil recruitment factors chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 2 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was also higher in B6 mice. Altogether, these results suggest that increased activation of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway has detrimental effects on sepsis-induced lung inflammation, whereas activation of the IL-12/interferon-&ggr; pathway may lead, in contrast, to less pronounced inflammatory events. These two pathways may become possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
AllerHunter: A SVM-Pairwise System for Assessment of Allergenicity and Allergic Cross-Reactivity in Proteins

Allergy is a major health problem in industrialized countries. The number of transgenic food crops is growing rapidly creating the need for allergenicity assessment before they are introduced into human food chain. While existing bioinformatic methods have achieved good accuracies for highly conserved sequences, the discrimination of allergens and non-allergens from allergen-like non-allergen sequences remains difficult. We describe AllerHunter, a web-based computational system for the assessment of potential allergenicity and allergic cross-reactivity in proteins. It combines an iterative pairwise sequence similarity encoding scheme with SVM as the discriminating engine. The pairwise vectorization framework allows the system to model essential features in allergens that are involved in cross-reactivity, but not limited to distinct sets of physicochemical properties. The system was rigorously trained and tested using 1,356 known allergen and 13,449 putative non-allergen sequences. Extensive testing was performed for validation of the prediction models. The system is effective for distinguishing allergens and non-allergens from allergen-like non-allergen sequences. Testing results showed that AllerHunter, with a sensitivity of 83.4% and specificity of 96.4% (accuracy = 95.3%, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve AROC = 0.928±0.004 and Matthew's correlation coefficient MCC = 0.738), performs significantly better than a number of existing methods using an independent dataset of 1443 protein sequences. AllerHunter is available at http://tiger.dbs. nus.edu. sg/AllerHunter