Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multiscale segmentation algorithm based on subdivision and mean shift

A fast multiscale algorithm for image segmentation is presented in this paper, which is based on mean shift skill and subdivision method. Mean shift is a nonparametric kernel density estimator, which has been applied image segmentation widely, but it can't meet the need of real-time processing. To increase the speed of segmentation of images, subdivision and its reverse skill are employed, which have applied extensively in computer aided geometric design, to convert image to different scales. The fine properties of subdivision about extraction low pass information from image lead to a very efficient and real-time nonparametric segmentation algorithm. Experiment results and further experiment data analysis show that the segmentation algorithm is faster and more practical than the mean shift algorithm and the results are satisfactory.
Organization and maintenance of large ordered indices

Organization and maintenance of an index for a dynamic random access file is considered. It is assumed that the index must be kept on some pseudo random access backup store like a disc or a drum. The index organization described allows retrieval, insertion, and deletion of keys in time proportional to logk I where I is the size of the index and k is a device dependent natural number such that the performance of the scheme becomes near optimal. Storage utilization is at least 50% but generally much higher. The pages of the index are organized in a special data-structure, so-called B-trees. The scheme is analyzed, performance bounds are obtained, and a near optimal k is computed. Experiments have been performed with indices up to 100,000 keys. An index of size 15,000 (100,000) can be maintained with an average of 9 (at least 4) transactions per second on an IBM 360/44 with a 2311 disc.
Phenotypic Diversity among Strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Belonging to Serogroup 110

Thirty-four strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum within serogroup 110 were examined for phenotypic diversity. The strains differed in their abilities to nodulate and fix dinitrogen with Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Williams. Thirteen strains expressed uptake hydrogenase activity when induced as free-living cultures in the presence of 2% hydrogen and oxygen. Six bacteriophage susceptibility reactions were observed. Each of the strains produced either a large, mucoid or a small, dry colony morphology, but colony type was not related to effectiveness for nitrogen fixation.
Evaluation system for e-learning with pattern mining tools

Learning in online open networking environments turned out possible by today's widespread use of Internet technologies, has led to the development of a broad range of products for web-based courses at University level. However, although elearning in education is well established, there are a few attempts to extract information during the course final evaluation phase. In other words, while evaluation of e-learning applications has boosted the need to design effective methodologies for better tools, little attention was devoted to extract information for discovery of student's behavior.
Expression of the PAX5/BSAP transcription factor in haematological tumour cells and further molecular characterization of the t(9;14)(p13;q32) translocation in B‐cell non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

The PAX5 gene encodes the BSAP (B‐cell‐specific activator protein) which is a key regulator of B‐cell development and differentiation. A recurring translocation t(9;14)(p13;q32) in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma moves the PAX5 on 9p13 within close proximity of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IGH). KIS‐1 cell line was established from a patient with diffuse large cell lymphoma of B‐cell type carrying t(9;14). We analysed PAX5/BSAP expression by Northern and Western blotting in a panel of haematological tumour cell lines with other chromosome abnormalities in comparison with that of KIS‐1. PAX5 mRNA and BSAP expression were detected in all B‐cell lines tested, and the high level in KIS‐1 was confirmed. However, a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma cell line and an acute B‐lymphoid/myeloid leukaemia cell line expressed the PAX5/BSAP at levels comparable with KIS‐1. PAX5 transcripts were readily detectable in clinical materials with a wide variety of B‐cell neoplasms by reverse transcriptase‐mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus, PAX5/BSAP activation in haematological tumour cells is not necessarily associated with t(9;14). Although binding sites for BSAP have been identified in the promoters of CD19, this study failed to find clear correlation between the level of PAX5/BSAP expression and that of CD19. In contrast to KIS‐1 in which the Eμ enhancer of IGH was juxtaposed to PAX5, cloning of t(9;14) from another case by long‐distance PCR revealed that the PAX5 promoter was linked to a Cγ constant region in divergent orientation, suggesting that the mechanism of PAX5 activation through recombination with IGH varies among individual cases. Breakpoints on 9p13 of the two translocations were clustered upstream of PAX5, leaving the PAX5 coding region intact.
Substrate Noise Coupling in SoC Design: Modeling, Avoidance, and Validation

Issues related to substrate noise in system-on-chip design are described including the physical phenomena responsible for its creation, coupling transmission mechanisms and media, parameters affecting coupling strength, and its impact on mixed-signal integrated circuits. Design guidelines and best practices to minimize the generation, transmission, and reception of substrate noise are outlined, and different modeling approaches and computer simulation methods used in quantifying the noise coupling phenomena are presented. Finally, experiments that validate the modeling approaches and mitigation techniques are reviewed
Evidence for two different types of insecticidal P2 toxins with dual specificity in Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies

Analysis of polypeptides in the crystalline delta-endotoxins from different Bacillus thuringiensis strains revealed two antigenically similar forms of the P2 protein which differed in molecular mass, peptide profile, and amino acid sequence. Purified preparations of the two forms displayed the characteristic dual toxicity of the P2 protein towards members of the orders Lepidoptera and Diptera in vivo but differed markedly in potency for the insects tested. Both species of the P2 protoxin, solubilized and activated by sequential proteolysis with insect gut extract and alpha-chymotrypsin, retained activity in vivo and in vitro, despite the removal of 144 residues from the N terminus. For the low-molecular-mass form, the dual insecticidal activity was reproducible in the in vitro assays.
method for surface normal recovery using photometric stereo and polarisation

: This paper concerns a novel approach to fuse two-source photometric stereo (PS) data with polarisation information for complete surface normal recovery for smooth or slightly rough surfaces. PS is a well-established method but is limited in application by its need for three or more well-spaced and known illumination sources and Lambertian reflectance. Polarisation methods are less studied but have shown promise for smooth surfaces under highly controlled capture conditions. However, such methods suffer from inherent ambiguities and the depolarising effects of surface roughness. The method presented in this paper goes some way to overcome these limitations by fusing the most reliable information from PS and polarisation. PS is used with only two sources to deduce a constrained mapping of the surface normal at each point onto a 2D plane. Phase information from polarisation is used to deduce a mapping onto a different plane. The paper then shows how the full surface normal can be obtained from the two mappings. The method is tested on a range of real-world images to demonstrate the advantages over standalone applications of PS or polarisation methods.
Alcohol Consumption and Young Adults' Socioeconomic Status

IN THE PAST FIFTFEEN years the consumption and abuse of alcohol became matters of intense public concern. By the end of the 1980s, the federal government and many state governments had increased excise taxes on alcohol. The federal government began to require manufacturers to place warning labels on alcoholic beverage containers; the state governments (with some federal pressure) set their legal minimum drinking ages at a uniform twenty-one years. This surge of government activity may not be over. Policy initiatives still under consideration include further tax increases, requirements for sterner warning labels, mandated insurance coverage of alcoholism treatment, and restrictions on alcohol advertising, especially advertising targeted at young drinkers. Advocates of new policies often point to estimates of the economic costs of alcohol abuse; in 1990 alcohol abuse and dependence imposed an estimated $98.6 billion in costs on the U.S. economy. ' Key components of the economic cost results have been a series of controversial estimates that alcohol abuse substantially reduces productivity and hence earnings.2
Element-specific localization of Drosophila retrotransposon Gag proteins occurs in both nucleus and cytoplasm

Many Drosophila non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons actively transpose into internal, gene-rich regions of chromosomes but do not transpose onto chromosome ends. HeT-A and TART are remarkable exceptions; they form telomeres of Drosophila by repeated transpositions onto the ends of chromosomes and never transpose to internal regions of chromosomes. Both telomeric and nontelomeric, non-LTR elements transpose by target-primed reverse transcription, and their targets are not determined simply by DNA sequence, so it is not clear why these two kinds of elements have nonoverlapping transposition patterns. To explore roles of retrotransposon-encoded proteins in transposition, we analyzed intracellular targeting of Gag proteins from five non-LTR retrotransposons, HeT-A, TART, jockey, Doc, and I factor. All were expressed as green fluorescent protein-tagged proteins in cultured Drosophila cells. These Gag proteins have high levels of sequence similarity, but they have dramatic differences in intracellular targeting. As expected, HeT-A and TART Gags are transported efficiently to nuclei, where they show specific patterns of localization. These patterns are cell cycle-dependent, disappearing during mitosis. In contrast, only a fraction of jockey Gag moves into nuclei, whereas neither Doc nor I factor Gag is detected in the nucleus. Gags of the nontelomeric retrotransposons form characteristic clusters in the cytoplasm. These experiments demonstrate that closely related retrotransposon Gag proteins can have different intracellular localizations, presumably because they interact differently with cellular components. We suggest that these interactions reflect mechanisms by which the cell influences the level of transposition of an element.
A 1V 14b self-timed zero-crossing-based incremental ΔΣ ADC

This paper introduces a clock-free self-timed incremental ΔΣ ADC. Unlike conventional ΔΣ ADCs, it does not require a dedicated clock signal, thus saving energy and reducing system complexity. As such, it has similar advantages as self-timed (or asynchronous) SAR ADCs [1]. It is particularly suited for use in energy-constrained sensor applications, in which conversions of a quasistatic input signal are triggered by infrequent and possibly irregular external events. As it autonomously powers down upon completion of a conversion, it can adapt to a wide range of conversion rates in an energy-efficient way.
Solid-liquid phase equilibrium for binary Lennard-Jones mixtures

Solid–liquid phase diagrams are calculated for binary mixtures of Lennard-Jones spheres using Monte Carlo simulation and the Gibbs–Duhem integration technique of Kofke. We calculate solid–liquid phase diagrams for the model Lennard-Jones mixtures: argon–methane, krypton–methane, and argon–krypton, and compare our simulation results with experimental data and with Cottin and Monson’s recent cell theory predictions. The Lennard-Jones model simulation results and the cell theory predictions show qualitative agreement with the experimental phase diagrams. One of the mixtures, argon–krypton, has a different phase diagram than its hard-sphere counterpart, suggesting that attractive interactions are an important consideration in determining solid–liquid phase behavior. We then systematically explore Lennard-Jones parameter space to investigate how solid–liquid phase diagrams change as a function of the Lennard-Jones diameter ratio, σ11/σ22, and well-depth ratio, e11/e22. This culminates in an estimate of the bou.
Prevalent mechanism of membrane bridging by synaptotagmin-1

Significance The ability of synaptotagmin-1 to bridge two membranes is likely critical for its function as a Ca2+ sensor in neurotransmitter release. A synaptotagmin-1 fragment spanning its two C2 domains bridges membranes directly, binding simultaneously to both membranes. However, a longer synaptotagmin-1 fragment spanning most of its cytoplasmic region was proposed to bridge membranes through protein–protein interactions between oligomers bound to each membrane. This paper now shows that direct bridging actually constitutes the prevalent mechanism of membrane bridging by the longer synaptotagmin-1 fragment. These findings strongly suggest that direct membrane bridging underlies the function of synaptotagmin-1 in neurotransmitter release. Synaptotagmin-1 functions as a Ca2+ sensor in neurotransmitter release through its two C2 domains (the C2A and C2B domain). The ability of synaptotagmin-1 to bridge two membranes is likely crucial for its function, enabling cooperation with the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors (SNAREs) in membrane fusion, but two bridging mechanisms have been proposed. A highly soluble synaptotagmin-1 fragment containing both domains (C2AB) was shown to bind simultaneously to two membranes via the Ca2+-binding loops at the top of both domains and basic residues at the bottom of the C2B domain (direct bridging mechanism). In contrast, a longer fragment including a linker sequence (lnC2AB) was found to aggregate in solution and was proposed to bridge membranes through trans interactions between lnC2AB oligomers bound to each membrane via the Ca2+-binding loops, with no contact of the bottom of the C2B domain with the membranes. We now show that lnC2AB containing impurities indeed aggregates in solution, but properly purified lnC2AB is highly soluble. Moreover, cryo-EM images reveal that a majority of lnC2AB molecules bridge membranes directly. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that the bottom of the C2B domain contacts the membrane in a sizeable population of molecules of both membrane-bound C2AB and membrane-bound lnC2AB. NMR data on nanodiscs show that a fraction of C2AB molecules bind to membranes with antiparallel orientations of the C2 domains. Together with previous studies, these results show that direct bridging constitutes the prevalent mechanism of membrane bridging by both C2AB and lnC2AB, suggesting that this mechanism underlies the function of synaptotagmin-1 in neurotransmitter release.
MEASURING STAR FORMATION RATES AND FAR-INFRARED COLORS OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES USING THE CO(7–6) AND [N II] 205 μm LINES

To better characterize the global star formation activity in a galaxy, one needs to know not only the star formation rate (SFR) but also the rest-frame, far-infrared color (e.g., the 60–100 μm color, C(60/100)) of the dust emission. The latter probes the average intensity of the dust heating radiation field and scales statistically with the effective SFR surface density in star-forming galaxies including (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). To this end, here we exploit a new spectroscopic approach involving only two emission lines: CO(7–6) at 372 μm and [N ii] at 205 μm([N ii]205μm). For local (U)LIRGs, the ratios of the CO(7–6) luminosity (LCO(7–6)) to the total infrared luminosity (LIR; 8–1000 μm) are fairly tightly distributed (to within ∼0.12 dex) and show little dependence on C(60/100). This makes LCO(7–6) a good SFR tracer, which is less contaminated by active galactic nuclei than LIR and may also be much less sensitive to metallicity than LCO(1–0). Furthermore, the logarithmic [N ii]205μm/CO(7–6) luminosity ratio depends fairly strongly (at a slope of ∼ −1.4) on C(60/100), with a modest scatter (∼0.23 dex). This makes it a useful estimator on C(60/100) with an implied uncertainty of ∼0.15 (or ≲4 K in the dust temperature (Tdust) in the case of a graybody emission with Tdust ≳ 30 K and a dust emissivity index β ≥ 1). Our locally calibrated SFR and C(60/100) estimators are shown to be consistent with the published data of (U)LIRGs of z up to ∼6.5.
High resolution SSCP by optimization of the temperature by transverse TGGE.

Single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) is used widely for detection of small sequence changes or point mutations because of its rapidity, simplicity and generally high sensitivity (1,2). In non-denaturing conditions, ssDNA has a folded structure that is determined by its nucleotide sequence. Sequence changes as small as single nucleotide substitutions may alter the structure and thereby the gel electrophoretic mobility; the mobility change can be identified as a band shift in gel electrophoresis. Conse-quently, the sensitivity of SSCP depends on how mutations affect the folding, and how the folding affects electrophoretic mobility of the mutant sequence. Theory can predict neither the exact folded structure of mutant strands nor the effects of the structure on the mobility in gel electrophoresis. Many attempts have been made to improve the efficiency of the procedure. Variations in the length of the DNA fragment, the temperature during electrophoresis, the extent of cross-linking, concentration of acrylamide, ionic strength, denaturant, glycerol concentration and buffer concentration have all been shown to alter ssDNA mobility (3-5). The most important parameter is the temperature during electrophoresis, because the formation of intramolecular base pairs, and thereby the conformation of the ssDNA fragment strongly depends on the temperature. Up to now different temperatures in or in one a particular instrument with five different temperatures in parallel slots
Increasing levels of concentrate digestibility, performance and ingestive behavior in lambs

The objectives of this research were to determine the effects increasing levels of concentrate on nutrients digestibility, performance, economic viability of diets and ingestive behavior of lambs. Fifteen crossbred lambs were used in a randomized complete block design according to initial body weight and age. Lambs were penned individually during 55 days, being 10 days for adaptation of diets and 45 days for data collection. The treatments consisted in three isonitrogenous diets with increasing levels of concentrate: 40, 60, or 80%, in dry matter basis. No effect (P>0.05) were observed on dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude protein digestibility and neutral detergent fiber digestibility, whereas the dry matter digestibility was lower (P<0.01) for lambs fed diets with 40% of concentrate. The addition of 80% concentrate decreased (P<0.05) neutral detergent fiber intake, however this treatment provided higher average daily gain, followed by 60 and 40% of concentrate. In relation to feeding behavior, the animals fed80% concentrate spent more time with feeding (P<0.05) compared to the other treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of concentrate between 60 to 80% improves dry matter digestibility and performance of crossbred lambs without relevant affect dry matter intake and ingestive behavior. A diet with 80% concentrate provides positive gross margin of profit.
Increased clearance of von Willebrand factor antigen post‐DDAVP in Type 1 von Willebrand disease: is it a potential pathogenic process?

Summary. The mechanism of von Willebrand factor (VWF) clearance is not fully understood. The factors that affect VWF clearance, and the normal in vivo mechanism of clearance, may be relevant to the pathogenesis of Type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD), in which there is a partial deficiency of VWF. In order to investigate the clearance of VWF in Type 1 VWD, the current study assessed the half‐life of VWF antigen (t½ VWF:Ag) in Type 1 VWD patients and individuals with mild hemophilia A following the administration of 1‐deamino‐8‐d‐arginine vasopressin (DDAVP; desmopressin). To date 20 individuals have been assessed, 13 with Type 1 VWD and seven with mild hemophilia A. The median t½ VWF:Ag in the Type 1 VWD and mild hemophilia A groups were 4.6 h and 9.5 h, respectively. The difference between the t½ VWF:Ag for the two groups was significant, P < 0.02. Analysis of the data showed a correlation between the t½ VWF:Ag and the baseline VWF:Ag level prior to administration of DDAVP: lower baseline VWF:Ag levels were associated with a shorter t½ VWF:Ag. These data suggest that increased clearance of VWF may be the pathogenic mechanism in some cases of Type 1 VWD.
A novel direct torque control scheme for induction machines with space vector modulation

In this paper a new method for Direct Torque Control (DTC) based on load angle control is developed. The use of simple equations to obtain the control algorithm makes it easy to understand and implement. Fixed switching frequency and low torque ripple are obtained using space vector modulation. This control strategy overcomes the most important drawbacks of classic DTC. Results show the feasibility of the proposed method, obtaining good speed control bandwidth while overcoming classic DTC drawbacks.
The conundrum of sharing research data

We must all accept that science is data and that data are science, and thus provide for, and justify the need for the support of, much-improved data curation. (Hanson, Sugden, & Alberts) Researchers are producing an unprecedented deluge of data by using new methods and instrumentation. Others may wish to mine these data for new discoveries and innovations. However, research data are not readily available as sharing is common in only a few fields such as astronomy and genomics. Data sharing practices in other fields vary widely. Moreover, research data take many forms, are handled in many ways, using many approaches, and often are difficult to interpret once removed from their initial context. Data sharing is thus a conundrum. Four rationales for sharing data are examined, drawing examples from the sciences, social sciences, and humanities: (1) to reproduce or to verify research, (2) to make results of publicly funded research available to the public, (3) to enable others to ask new questions of extant data, and (4) to advance the state of research and innovation. These rationales differ by the arguments for sharing, by beneficiaries, and by the motivations and incentives of the many stakeholders involved. The challenges are to understand which data might be shared, by whom, with whom, under what conditions, why, and to what effects. Answers will inform data policy and practice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Implicit LES Simulations of a Flexible Flapping Wing

A high-order (up to 6th order) Navier-Stokes solver is coupled with a structural solver that decomposes the equations of three-dimensional elasticity into cross-sectional, smalldeformation and spanwise, large-deformation analyses for slender wings. The resulting high-fidelity aeroelastic solver is applied to the investigation of both a rigid and moderately flexible rectangular wing undergoing a pure plunging motion. Comparisons of the computed results demonstrate good agreement with available experimental measurements. A description of the complex interaction between the unsteady aerodynamics and the flexible wing structural dynamics is given. Connections between the results of this analysis and the enhanced aerodynamic loads for the flexible wing are made.