Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal Analysis on Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow for Al2O3 Water-Ethylene Glycol Nanofluid in Single PEMFC Mini Channel

Thermal enhancement of a single mini channel in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) cooling plate is numerically investigated. In this study, low concentration of Al2O3 in Water Ethylene Glycol mixtures is used as coolant in single channel of carbon graphite plate to mimic the mini channels in PEMFC cooling plate. A steady and incompressible flow with constant heat flux is assumed in the channel of 1mm x 5mm x 100mm. Nano particle of Al2O3 used ranges from 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 vol % concentration and then dispersed in 60:40 (water: Ethylene Glycol) mixture. The effect of different flow rates to fluid flow and heat transfer enhancement in Re number range of 20 to 140 was observed. The result showed that heat transfer coefficient was improved by 18.11%, 9.86% and 5.37% for 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1 vol. % Al2O3 in 60:40 (water: EG) as compared to base fluid of 60:40 (water: EG). It is also showed that the higher vol. % concentration of Al2O3 performed better in term of thermal enhancement but at the expense of higher pumping power required due to increase in pressure drop experienced. Maximum additional pumping power of 0.0012W was required for 0.5 vol % Al2O3 in 60:40 (water: EG) at Re number 140. Keywords—Heat transfer, mini channel, nanofluid, PEMFC.
Measuring fluxes of trace gases at regional scales by Lagrangian observations: Application to the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA) study

[1] We present a general framework for designing and analyzing Lagrangian-type aircraft observations in order to measure surface fluxes of trace gases on regional scales. Lagrangian experiments minimize uncertainties due to advection by measuring tracer concentrations upstream and downstream of the study region, assuring that observed concentration changes represent fluxes within the region. The framework includes (1) a receptor-oriented model of atmospheric transport, including turbulent dispersion, (2) an upstream tracer boundary condition, (3) a surface flux model that predicts the distribution of tracer fluxes in time and space, and (4) a Bayesian inverse analysis that combines a priori information with observations to yield optimal estimates of tracer fluxes by the flux model. We use a receptor-oriented transport model, the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model, to simulate ensembles of particles representing air parcels transported backward in time from an observation point (receptor), linking receptor concentrations with upstream locations and surface inputs. STILT provides the capability to forecast flight tracks for Lagrangian experiments in the presence of atmospheric shear and dispersion. STILT may be used to forecast flight tracks that sample the upstream tracer boundary condition, or to analyze the data and provide optimized parameters in the surface flux model. We present a case study of regional scale surface CO2 fluxes using data over the United States obtained in August 2000 in the CO2 Budget and Rectification Airborne (COBRA-2000) study. STILT forecasts were obtained using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Eta model to plan the flight tracks. Results from the Bayesian inversion showed large reductions in a priori errors for estimates of daytime ecosystem uptake of CO2, but constraints on nighttime respiration fluxes were weaker, due to few observations of CO2 in the nocturnal boundary layer. Derived CO2 fluxes from the influence-following analysis differed notably from estimates using a conventional one-dimensional budget (“Boundary Layer Budget”) on a typical day, due to time-variable contributions from forests and croplands. A critical examination of uncertainties in the Lagrangian analyses revealed that the largest uncertainties were associated with errors in forecasting the upstream sampling locations and with aggregation of heterogeneous fluxes at the surface. Suggestions for improvements in future experiments are presented.
Configuring Distributed Computations Using Response Surfaces

Configuring large distributed computations is a challenging task. Efficiently executing distributed computations requires configuration tuning based on careful examination of application and hardware properties. Considering the large number of parameters and impracticality of using trial and error in a production environment, programmers tend to make these decisions based on their experience and rules of thumb. Such configurations can lead to underutilized and costly clusters, and missed deadlines. In this paper, we present a new methodology for determining desired hardware and software configuration parameters for distributed computations. The key insight behind this methodology is to build a response surface that captures how applications perform under different hardware and software configuration. Such a model can be built through iterated experiments using the real system, or, more efficiently, using a simulator. The resulting model can then generate recommendations for configuration parameters that are likely to yield the desired results even if they have not been tried either in simulation or in real-life. The process can be iterated to refine previous predictions and achieve better results. We have implemented this methodology in a configuration recommendation system for MapReduce 2.0 applications. Performance measurements show that representative applications achieve up to 5× performance improvement when they use the recommended configuration parameters compared to the default ones.
Child Labor and Musculoskeletal Disorders: The Pelotas (Brazil) Epidemiological Survey

Objectives. This article describes the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in several anatomic sites in children and teens, and investigates, while adjusting for potential confounders, the association between musculoskeletal pain and back pain and the following: age, gender, sports practice, use of computer/video games/television, school attendance, intensity of involvement in household domestic activities, care of other children, care of sick/elderly family members, work activities, and workloads. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study interviewing 3,269 children aged 10–17 years in the low-income areas of Pelotas, Brazil. Results. The prevalence of pain in the neck, knee, wrist or hands, and upper back exceeded 15%. Workers in manufacturing had a significantly increased risk for musculoskeletal pain (prevalence ratio [PR]=1.31) and for back pain (PR=1.69), while workers in domestic service had 17% more musculoskeletal pain and 23% more back pain than nonworkers. Awkward posture (PR=1.15) and heavy physical work (PR=1.07) were associated with musculoskeletal pain, while monotonous work (PR=1.34), awkward posture (PR=1.31), and noise (PR=1.25) were associated with back pain. Conclusions. Musculoskeletal pain is common among working children and teens. Knowledge of occupational risk factors can support actions to restructure work conditions to reduce or eliminate childhood exposure to hazardous conditions. Our results suggest that strategies to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in child workers should be developed.
Contact Behavior of Soft Spherical Tactile Sensors

In this paper, we studied a compliant tactile sensor with a spherical shell geometry. This bioinspired sensor has been successfully tested in actual robots whose behaviors are guided by tactile feedback. A model of the sensor was developed to study the contact response of the sensor to objects with different geometries. The sensor response is the estimation of both, normal and shear forces (3-D vector). The model was validated using experimental data and used to predict the behavior of sensors with different radii. This information allows us to design sensors with different sizes according to the requirements of a given robotic application.
Composition in the CORBA Component Model

The growing complexity of building and validating software is a challenge for developers of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. While building blocks of DRE systems are increasingly based on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components, substantial time and effort are spent integrating components into systems due to the lack of higher level abstractions for composing complex systems. As a result, considerable system-specific “glue code” must be written, only to be rewritten from scratch when building subsequent systems. This paper provides four contributions to the study of composing reusable middleware from standard components in DRE systems: (1) it analyzes the problems with current approaches in middleware composition, (2) it quantifies the minimum set of requirements required of reusable middleware components, (3) it presents recurring patterns in the domain of software composition and provides empirical evaluation of these patterns as applied to TAO, our open-source secondgeneration Real-Time CORBA Object Request Broker (ORB), and (4) it compares our approach to other research done in the area of software composition. Our results show that .
Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of Osteochondral Transplantation in a Rabbit Model

Background Biomechanical and histological properties of osteochondral transplantation have not been extensively examined. Hypothesis Osteochondral grafts have properties similar to native articular cartilage. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods A 2.7 mm (diameter) × 4.0 mm (depth) osteochondral defect was created in 17 New Zealand white rabbit knees. An osteochondral graft, harvested from the contralateral knee, was transplanted into the defect. Eight rabbits were sacrificed each at 6 and 8 weeks. Results The 12-week grafts (1213.6 ± 309.0 N/mm) had significantly higher stiffness than the 6-week grafts (483.1 ± 229.1 N/mm; P< .001) and of normal cartilage (774.8 ± 117.1 N/mm; P< .003). Stiffness of the 6-week grafts was significantly lower than normal cartilage (P< .036). At all time points, full-thickness defects had significantly lower stiffness than normal cartilage (P< .001). Histologically, transplanted grafts scored significantly higher than the full-thickness defects (P< .001). The defects showed inconsistent, fibrocartilage healing. The grafts demonstrated cartilage viability, yet with a persistent cleft between the graft and host. Conclusions Osteochondral transplants undergo increased stiffness in the short term, with evidence of structurally intact grafts. Clinical Relevance Osteochondral transplantation may be a viable treatment option; however, long-term investigation on graft function is necessary.
Using traceless genetic programming for solving multi-objective optimization problems

Traceless genetic programming (TGP) is a genetic programming (GP) variant that is used in cases where the focus is on the output of the program rather than the program itself. The main difference between TGP and other GP techniques is that TGP does not explicitly store the evolved computer programs. Two genetic operators are used in conjunction with TGP: crossover and insertion. In this paper, we will focus on applying TGP to solving multi-objective optimization problems, which are quite unusual in GP. Each TGP individual stores the output of a computer program (tree), representing a point in the search space. Numerical experiments show that TGP is able to solve the considered test problems both rapidly and accurately.
Muscle weakness and foot deformities in diabetes: relationship to neuropathy and foot ulceration in caucasian diabetic men.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships among muscle weakness, foot deformities, and peroneal and tibial nerve conduction velocity in diabetic and nondiabetic men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A neuropathic and foot evaluation was undertaken in 10 nondiabetic control subjects (group C) and in 36 consecutive diabetic patients attending Diabetes Centre clinics, including 10 diabetic control subjects (group D), 15 diabetic neuropathic patients (group DN), and 11 diabetic patients with a history of ulceration (group DU). Neuropathy was defined as a peroneal motor nerve conduction <40 m/s. Muscle weakness was assessed in seven intrinsic and seven extrinsic muscles of the foot using a semiquantitative score (max score per muscle = 3). Foot deformities were assessed using a foot deformity score (max score = 3). A higher score indicated increased muscle weakness or more severe foot deformities. Muscle weakness and foot deformities were assessed without prior knowledge of patient and neuropathy status. RESULTS Peroneal and tibial nerve conduction velocity were associated with weakness in muscles innervated by, respectively, the peroneal and tibial nerve (r = -0.70 and r = -0.51, P < 0.01) and foot deformities (r = -0.60 and r = -0.59, P < 0.001). The DN and DU groups had more weakness in intrinsic and extrinsic muscles compared with the C and D groups. Muscles innervated by the tibial nerve had a greater proportional muscle weakness than those innervated by the peroneal nerve in the DN and DU groups. The DN and DU patients had more foot deformities (median food deformity score [interquartile range]) (3 [2-3] and 2 [2-3]) compared with D and C patients (0 [0-0.75] and 0 [0-0]). CONCLUSIONS Important relationships have been shown between motor nerve conduction deficit and muscle weakness; however, it is still not clear whether abnormal nerve function, leading to a decrease in muscle strength, could be responsible for the development of foot deformities.
Probabilistic Boolean Networks - The Modeling and Control of Gene Regulatory Networks

This is the first comprehensive treatment of probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs), an important model class for studying genetic regulatory networks. This book covers basic model properties, including the relationships between network structure and dynamics, steady-state analysis, and relationships to other model classes. It also discusses the inference of model parameters from experimental data and control strategies for driving network behavior towards desirable states. The PBN model is well suited to serve as a mathematical framework to study basic issues dealing with systems-based genomics, specifically, the relevant aspects of stochastic, nonlinear dynamical systems. The book builds a rigorous mathematical foundation for exploring these issues, which include long-run dynamical properties and how these correspond to therapeutic goals; the effect of complexity on model inference and the resulting consequences of model uncertainty; altering network dynamics via structural intervention, such as perturbing gene logic; optimal control of regulatory networks over time; limitations imposed on the ability to achieve optimal control owing to model complexity; and the effects of asynchronicity. The authors attempt to unify different strands of current research and address emerging issues such as constrained control, greedy control, and asynchronicity. Audience: Researchers in mathematics, computer science, and engineering are exposed to important applications in systems biology and presented with ample opportunities for developing new approaches and methods. The book is also appropriate for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and scientists working in the fields of computational biology, genomic signal processing, control and systems theory, and computer science. Contents: Preface; Chapter 1: Boolean Networks; Chapter 2; Structure and Dynamics of Probabilistic Boolean Networks; Chapter 3: Inference of Model Structure; Chapter 4: Structural Intervention; Chapter 5: External Control; Chapter 6: Asynchronous Networks; Bibliography; Index
Rapid separation of LDL subclasses by iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation.

BACKGROUND A predominance of small, dense LDL (sdLDL) confers in excess of a threefold increase in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. The conventional method for the detection of sdLDL, salt density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGUC) has been superseded by more rapid techniques. This report presents novel methodology for the separation of sdLDL by a combination of iodixanol density gradient centrifugation and digital photography. METHODS LDL subclasses were separated in 3 h from prestained plasma on a self-forming density gradient of iodixanol. LDL subclass profiles were generated by digital photography and gel-scan software. Plasma samples from 106 normo- and dyslipidemic individuals were used to optimize the gradient for the resolution of LDL heterogeneity. A subgroup of 47 LDL profiles were then compared with LDL subclasses separated by salt DGUC. RESULTS The peak density of the predominant LDL band correlated significantly with the relative abundance (as a percentage) of sdLDL as resolved by salt DGUC (P <0.001). As shown previously, LDL isolated at a lighter density in iodixanol compared with salt gradients. A predominance of sdLDL corresponded to a peak density on iodixanol of 1.028 kg/L. This density and the area under the LDL profile lying above this density were sensitive and specific markers for the prediction of a predominance of sdLDL (P <0.001) and showed predictable associations with plasma triglycerides (r = 0.59; P <0.001) and HDL (r = -0.4; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS This simple method for the detection of sdLDL can differentiate a predominance of sdLDL, is highly reproducible, and can be used preparatively to isolate sdLDL.
Reframing Transracial Adoption: Adopted Koreans, White Parents, and the Politics of Kinship

Acknowledgments Personal / Political Preface (1) Adoption Matters: Beyond Catastrophe and Spectacle (A)The Birth of "Sentimental" International Adoption (B) Institutionalizing Harry Holt's Mission in Korea (C)Research Questions & Methodology (D) Towards a Critical Race Feminist Approach to Transnational Adoption (E) Overview of chapters (F) Names, Labels and Terms (2) Adoption Facilitators and the Marketing of Family-Building: "Expert" Systems meet Spurious Culture Customized Family-Building and the Trouble with Culture (B) Promoting Transnational Adoption (B:1) Meeting the Consumer Needs of the Target Market (B:2)Depicting Korea as a Nonpolitical, Cultural "Other" (B:3)Assuming Race Consciousness in "Culture" - Consuming Parents (C)A Confusion of Experts (D)The Fault line between Domestic and Transnational Transracial Adoption (E) Conclusion: Towards a Paradigm of Consciousness (3) Navigating Racism: Avoiding and Confronting "Difference" in Families (A) Phase 1: Choosing the "Acceptable" Model Minority in pre-adoption decision-making (B) Phase 2: Family Lessons on Racism (B:1) Assumptions of easy assimilation (B:2) Failures of the "Ad Hoc," Colorblind Approach (B:3)"The Fly on the Wall": Adoptees Witness and Confront Racism (C)Phase 3: Adoption as Point of Departure (C:1) Adoptees' Departures from Whiteness (C:2)"This Is How I Taught Her To Be": Parents Observe Departures from Whiteness (D) Conclusion (4 ) Navigating Kinship: Searching for Family Beyond and Within "The Doctrine of Genealogical Unity" Confronting the "Loss" of Birth and "Risk" of Adoption Choosing "Closed" Adoptions and the "Familyless" Orphan (C)Reconstructing Memories of Korea as Routes to the Meaning of Family (D)Searching for Family Origins and Identities in the Shadow of Gratitude (5) Strategic Interruptions versus Possessive Investment: Transnational Adoption in the Era of New Racism (A) Towards a Shared Race-Conscious Discourse and Framework (B) Abduction Language (C)Race-blind U.S. Adoption Policy as Possessive Investment (D) The Hague: Race-sensitive Understanding or Multicultural Fantasy? (E) New Versions of Family to Resist the New Racism (F) Disquieting Adoption References.
A Tet-On System for DRD1-Expressing Cells

Cells expressing the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) have significant functional roles in diverse physiological processes including locomotion and drug addiction. The present work presents a novel in vivo DRD1-Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Tet-on system allowing for the inducible activation of tet-operated transgenes specifically within DRD1-expressing cells of transgenic mice. It is shown that the DRD1-rtTA BAC-driven expression of a tet-operated reporter is under tight regulation by doxycycline and is restricted to DRD1-expressing brain regions. The model will be a useful research tool in studies of movement and reward and associated pathologies such as Parkinson’s disease and addiction.
Isolation and Initial Characterization of Arabidopsis Mutants That Are Deficient in Phytochrome A

Phytochrome, a red/far-red-light photoreceptor protein of plants, is encoded by a small gene family. Phytochrome A (PHYA), the product of the PHYA gene, is the predominant molecular species of phytochrome in etiolated tissue and has been best characterized biochemically. To define a role for PHYA, we isolated new mutants, designated fre1 (far-red elongated), in Arabidopsis thaliana that were specifically deficient in PHYA spectral activity and protein accumulation. These mutants were identified on the basis of their long hypocotyl phenotype under continuous far-red light. Although the fre1 mutants lacked the hypocotyl response to continuous far-red light, their responses to continuous white light and to end-of-day far-red-light treatments were normal. Thus, PHYA appears to play only a minor role in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation under natural conditions. In contrast, the fre1 mutation affected greening a fre1 mutant was less able than the wild type to deetiolate after growth in the dark. However, the potentiation effect of a red-light pulse on accumulation of chlorophyll was not changed significantly in the fre1 mutants. Thus, the function of PHYA might be highly specialized and restricted to certain phases of Arabidopsis development.
Percutaneous intervention for unprotected left main disease prior to explantation of a left ventricular assist device

Percutaneous coronary intervention of unprotected left main coronary arterial disease is an alternative to surgical revascularization in selected patients. In this report, a patient with an implanted left ventricular assist device (LVAD) underwent successful coronary intervention prior to its planned removal. The implanted LVAD clearly assisted the technical performance of the intervention. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2003;59:471–474. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Public Space on the Run

With the hardening of the Brazilian military dictatorship and the counter-cultural artistic turn, the end of the 1960s became one of the most intense and explosive moments in the country's recent cultural history. As an effort to encourage a more collective and urban-orientated way of living, architects Vilanova Artigas and Paulo Mendes da Rocha built houses that abolished the traditional notions of domesticity associated with comfort and the protection of privacy. At the same time, artists like Hélio Oiticica created immersive environments intended to foster creative leisure (‘creleisure’), transgressively proposing a domestic mode of experience in public spaces such as art galleries and museums. One might then say that the artistic and architectural frontlines were crossing, in inverse directions, the boundaries between the public and the private spheres in an attempt to invent a new kind of sociability.
An inverse-Ackermann style lower bound for the online minimum spanning tree verification problem

We consider the problem of preprocessing an edge-weighted tree T in order to quickly answer queries of the following type: does a given edge e belong in the minimum spanning tree of T /spl cup/ {e}? Whereas the offline minimum spanning tree verification problem admits a lovely linear time solution, we demonstrate an inherent inverse-Ackermann type tradeoff in the online MST verification problem. In particular, any scheme that answers queries in t comparisons must invest /spl Omega/(n log /spl lambda//sub t/ (n)) time preprocessing the tree, where /spl lambda//sub t/ is the inverse of the t/sup th/ row of Ackermann's function. This implies a query lower bound of /spl Omega/(/spl alpha/(n)) for the case of linear preprocessing time. We also show that our lower bound is tight to within a factor of 2 in the t parameter.