Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The many faces of problem-based learning: a framework for understanding and comparison

There is much literature on problem-based learning (PBL), both within and outside medical education. The literature addresses such questions as what is PBL and how does it work, and many examples are given; yet it is often difficult to determine from these descriptions whether the educational approach being described is actually PBL. The goal of this article is to provide planners and/or assessors of PBL curricula with a framework that would facilitate analyses of this educational approach. We propose to categorize educational activities as PBL or non-PBL according to three core principles: (1) the problem acts as a stimulus for learning; (2) it is an educational approach, not an isolated instructional technique, and (3) it is a student-centered approach, and four criteria concerning their effect on student learning: (1) active processing of information; (2) activation of prior knowledge; (3) meaningful context; and (4) opportunities for elaboration/organization of knowledge). Beyond this, PBL curricula v.
Reducing the number of receiving channels using transmit-receive symmetry in synthetic transmit aperture imaging

Synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging has been widely studied in ultrasound imaging. Usually the number of receiving channels is the same as the number of the array elements (N). When the number of receiving channels is large, such as the matrix array for 3D imaging, the system cost will be high due to the receiving electronics for each element. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the number of receiving channels while keeping a large number of transmit channels. In this paper, we studied with Field II Hadamard-encoded synthetic transmit aperture imaging systems with about N/2, N/4 and N/8 receiving channels. There were N Hadamard-encoded transmission events for one frame of image. The pseudoinverse was applied to the acquired RF data to estimate the equivalent signal in the traditional STA. We found that applying the transmit-receive symmetry of RF signals can reduce the receiving channels by half without compromising image quality. We also compared different methods to encode the receivers when the receiving channels were reduced to about N/4 and N/8.
Ensuring successful admission to hospital for young people with learning difficulties, autism and challenging behaviour: a continuous quality improvement and change management programme.

BACKGROUND Children and young people with autism spectrum conditions frequently have adverse experiences in accessing health care. METHODS An audit of experiences of families known to our tertiary service and hospital staff was conducted. A checklist asking about particular aspects of behaviour and communication was developed and incorporated into pre-admission planning. RESULTS Awareness of the child/young person's communication needs and behaviours, plus good preplanning by all staff involved and a team member allocated to ensure that the care plan is carried through, has resulted in a vastly improved 'patient experience' from the perspective of family and staff. CONCLUSION Children and young people with autism spectrum disorder, often with co-existing learning difficulties, vary greatly in their reactions to hospital admission. Preplanning that involves the family with a dedicated informed staff member can dramatically reduce distress and improve the patient and staff experience.
Linear combinations of unordered data vectors

Data vectors generalise finite multisets: they are finitely supported functions into a commutative monoid. We study the question whether a given data vector can be expressed as a finite sum of others, only assuming that 1) the domain is countable and 2) the given set of base vectors is finite up to permutations of the domain.
The Projection Matrices with Respect to the Symmetric Matrices

The projections and projection matrices are widely used (see e.g., Basilevsky 1983; Gray bill 1983; Horn and Johnson 1990; Lütkepohl 1996). The projections and projection matrices with respect to the symmetric positive and nonnegative definite matrices are often used in algebra and statistics (see e.g., Rao and Mitra 1971; Searle1982; Harville, 1997; Abadir and Magnus 2005). Recently, Wang (2010[9-11]) found the projection matrices with respect to the symmetric nonnegative definite matrices may be able to be used in linear mixed models. However, the Literatures given the properties of the projection matrices with respect to the symmetric nonnegative definite matrices are not enough. Wang (2010[12]) extended the some properties of the projection matrices with respect to the symmetric nonnegative definite matrices. In this paper, we define the projection matrices with respect to the symmetric matrices, and give their properties.
Optimal path planning for UAVs using Genetic Algorithm

Unmanned Systems has been taking place of manned systems in several fields like aviation. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), one of the most popular and effective unmanned systems, is gradually becoming the vital element of aviation because of its high success rate in both military and civilian missions. Basic problem of UAV is finding the best path in tough environment. Coverage zones of radars and complex environment are the main obstacles in this problem. A UAV intends to travel all control points in an optimal way to be more productive while avoiding radars. In this paper, we used Genetic Algorithm (GA), which is Evolutionary algorithm, to find the optimal flyable path for the UAVs in a 3D environment. Each generation is anticipated to be better than its previous generation in GA. For the purpose of reaching an optimal path, solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the major phases in the proposed method. In order to show the visual of solution in better quality, we preferred MATLAB as the implementation environment. Additionally, there is a shared library and mathematical calculations are easier in MATLAB. The complexity of our problem can be increased by adding extra constraints caused by the dynamic environment as the future works. Experimental results show that GA can be opted for optimal path planning for the UAVs.
Single-Carrier Frequency-Domain Equalization With Index Modulation

Motivated by the recent index modulation (IM) concept in the spatial, frequency, and space-time domains, we propose a novel broadband single-carrier (SC)-based IM (SC-IM) scheme as well as its low-complexity frequency-domain equalization (FDE) algorithm. The proposed FDE-aided SC-IM scheme outperforms the conventional FDE-aided SC scheme, while achieving a comparable low level of detection complexity. In addition, in order to reduce the inter-channel correlation arising from the activated symbol indices, we propose a symbol mapping algorithm, which further improves the achievable error-rate performance of the SC-IM scheme. Our simulation results demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed FDE-aided SC-IM scheme over the conventional FDE-aided SC scheme.
Sibling Influences on the Psychosocial Effects of Children's Exposure to Domestic Violence

v CHAPTER ONE: Introduction . 1 Definition of Terms . 3 CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review . 5 Children Exposed to Domestic Violence . 6 Resilience in Children Exposed to Domestic Violence . 9 Sibling Relationships. 13 Rationale for Current Study . 25 Research Question . 26 Study Objectives . 27 CHAPTER THREE: Method . 28 Design. 28 Selecting a Qualitative Method . 28 Methodology for Current Study . 31 Participants . 31 Recruitment . 32 Data Collection . 33 Data Analysis . 36 Ethical Considerations. 37 CHAPTER FOUR: Results . 39 Theme 1: One Sibling Taking a Protective Role and ‘Parental’ Role . 40 Theme 2: Polarisation of Sibling Relationships . 44 Theme 3: Factors Influencing Sibling Relationships . 47 Theme 4: Impacts on Sibling Taking the Protective and ‘Parental’ Role . 55 iii Theme 5: Impact on the Sibling Being Protected . 60 Theme 6: Importance of Individual Family Content . 64 CHAPTER FIVE: Discussion . 66 Theme 1: One Sibling Taking on a Protective role and ‘Parental’ Role . 67 Theme 2: Polarisation of Sibling Relationships . 68 Theme 3: Factors Influencing Sibling Relationships . 69 Theme 4: Impacts on the Sibling Taking the Protective and ‘Parental’ Role . 70 Theme 5: Impact on the Sibling Being Protected . 71 Theme 6: Importance of Individual Family Context . 72 Research Question . 72 Strengths and Limitations of the Present Study . 73 Practical Implications . 75 Recommendations for Further Research . 76 Conclusion . 77 REFERENCES . 79 APPENDICES . 91 Appendix A: Human Ethics Approval . 91 Appendix B: Email Template to Be Sent to Services and Clinicians . 92 Appendix C: Information Sheet . 93 Appendix E: Confidentiality Agreement. 95
Comparison of Two Techniques for Surveying Headwater Stream Amphibians

Abstract We compared rubble-rousing versus light-touch stream amphibian survey techniques in multiple 1-m plots across 10 streams in southwest Washington, USA. Specifically, we wanted to determine if light-touch surveys provide unbiased estimates of abundance (i.e., provide counts correlated with rubble-rousing counts) and which method would provide more cost-effective presence or absence information. Rubble-rousing, a common technique for surveying stream-associated amphibians in the Pacific Northwest, took 12 times as long as light-touch to apply. Abundance estimates and standard errors for rubble-rousing were consistently higher than those for light-touch for all life stages for the coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) and Columbia torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton kezeri). Except for eggs, light-touch detected all life stages found during rubble-rousing. For frogs, only some rubble-rousing abundance estimates, mostly involving second-year larvae, were highly correlated with their light-touch counterparts, whereas for salamanders, similar comparisons generated high correlations across most life stages. Correlations between methods were consistently greater for salamanders than for frogs. However the smaller tailed frog sample sizes and the cryptozoic nature of some life stages may have contributed to this pattern. Depending on the degree to which researchers can tolerate false-negative error rates, light-touch may prove less costly than rubble-rousing for detecting species presence. For the cost of obtaining one rubble-rousing sample, many light-touch samples can be used across a range of habitats for detecting species patchily distributed.
Assemblages of saproxylic beetles on large downed trunks of oak

Abstract Old living oaks (Quercus robur) are known as a very species‐rich habitat for saproxylic beetles, but it is less clear to what extent such veteran trees differ from an even rarer feature: downed trunks of large oaks. In this study, we set out to sample this habitat, using window traps, with two aims: (1) to describe the variation of assemblages among downed trunks of different type and (2) to compare beetles on downed oaks with data from veteran standing trees. The results showed that trunk volume and sun exposure better explained assemblages as well as species numbers on downed trunks than did decay stage. Furthermore, species classified as facultative saproxylic species showed weak or no differentiation among downed trunks. Species with different feeding habits showed no apparent differentiation among downed trunks. Furthermore, species composition on dead, downed oak trunks differed sharply from that of living, veteran oaks. Wood or bark feeders were more common on veterans than downed trunks, but there was no difference for those species feeding on fungi or those feeding on insects and their remains. In conclusion, for a successful conservation of the saproxylic beetle fauna it is important to keep downed oak trunks, and particularly large ones, in forest and pastures as they constitute a saproxylic habitat that differs from that of living trees.
Using a mathematical model to evaluate the efficacy of TB control measures.

We evaluated the efficacy of recommended tuberculosis (TB) infection control measures by using a deterministic mathematical model for airborne contagion. We examined the percentage of purified protein derivative conversions under various exposure conditions, environmental controlstrategies, and respiratory protective devices. We conclude that environmental control cannot eliminate the risk for TB transmission during high-risk procedures; respiratory protective devices, and particularly high-efficiency particulate air masks, may provide nearly complete protection if used with air filtration or ultraviolet irradiation. Nevertheless, the efficiency of these control measures decreases as the infectivity of the source case increases. Therefore, administrative control measures (e.g., indentifying and isolating patients with infectious TB) are the most effective because they substantially reduce the rate of infection.
Preserved Haptic Shape Processing after Bilateral LOC Lesions

The visual and haptic perceptual systems are understood to share a common neural representation of object shape. A region thought to be critical for recognizing visual and haptic shape information is the lateral occipital complex (LOC). We investigated whether LOC is essential for haptic shape recognition in humans by studying behavioral responses and brain activation for haptically explored objects in a patient (M.C.) with bilateral lesions of the occipitotemporal cortex, including LOC. Despite severe deficits in recognizing objects using vision, M.C. was able to accurately recognize objects via touch. M.C. 's psychophysical response profile to haptically explored shapes was also indistinguishable from controls. Using fMRI, M.C. showed no object-selective visual or haptic responses in LOC, but her pattern of haptic activation in other brain regions was remarkably similar to healthy controls. Although LOC is routinely active during visual and haptic shape recognition tasks, it is not essential for haptic recognition of object shape. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The lateral occipital complex (LOC) is a brain region regarded to be critical for recognizing object shape, both in vision and in touch. However, causal evidence linking LOC with haptic shape processing is lacking. We studied recognition performance, psychophysical sensitivity, and brain response to touched objects, in a patient (M.C.) with extensive lesions involving LOC bilaterally. Despite being severely impaired in visual shape recognition, M.C. was able to identify objects via touch and she showed normal sensitivity to a haptic shape illusion. M.C. 's brain response to touched objects in areas of undamaged cortex was also very similar to that observed in neurologically healthy controls. These results demonstrate that LOC is not necessary for recognizing objects via touch.
On the Representation, Learning and Transfer of Spatio-Temporal Movement Characteristics

In this paper we present a learning-based approach for the modeling of complex movement sequences. Based on the method of Spatio-Temporal Morphable Models (STMMs) we derive a hierarchical algorithm that, in a first step, identifies automatically movement elements in movement sequences based on a coarse spatio-temporal description, and in a second step models these movement primitives by approximation through linear combinations of learned example movement trajectories. We describe the different steps of the algorithm and show how it can be applied for modeling and synthesis of complex sequences of human movements that contain movement elements with a variable style. The proposed method is demonstrated on different applications of movement representation relevant for imitation learning of movement styles in humanoid robotics.
Low-power 2.4-GHz RF transceiver for wireless EEG module plug-and-play

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a radio-frequency (RF) transceiver fabricated in a UMC RF 0.18 mum CMOS process. The RF transceiver was built to operate at the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The receiver has a sensibility of -60 dBm and consumes 6.3 mW from a 1.8 V supply. The transmitter delivers an output power of 0 dBm with a power consumption of 11.2 mW. The application is a wireless wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) braincap. Wireless EEG allows patients to wear the brain cap and maintain their mobility while simultaneously having their electrical brain activity monitored. A solution of an individual EEG module composed by an electrode, processing electronics and an antenna, allows a plug-and-play electrodes solution.
Recent Developments and Applications of Haptic Devices

Over recent years a variety of haptic feedback devices have been developed and are being used in a number of important applications. They range from joysticks used in the entertainment industry to specialised devices used in medical applications. This paper will describe the recent developments of these devices and show how they have been applied. It also examines how haptic feedback has been combined with visual display devices, such as virtual reality walls and workbenches, in order to improve the immersive experience.
Bayesian nonparametric learning of complex dynamical phenomena

The complexity of many dynamical phenomena precludes the use of linear models for which exact analytic techniques are available. However, inference on standard nonlinear models quickly becomes intractable. In some cases, Markov switching processes, with switches between a set of simpler models, are employed to describe the observed dynamics. Such models typically rely on pre-specifying the number of Markov modes. In this thesis, we instead take a Bayesian nonparametric approach in defining a prior on the model parameters that allows for flexibility in the complexity of the learned model and for development of efficient inference algorithms. We start by considering dynamical phenomena that can be well-modeled as a hidden discrete Markov process, but in which there is uncertainty about the cardinality of the state space. The standard finite state hidden Markov model (HMM) has been widely applied in speech recognition, digital communications, and bioinformatics, amongst other fields. Through the use of the hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP), one can examine an HMM with an unbounded number of possible states. We revisit this HDPHMM and develop a generalization of the model, the sticky HDP-HMM, that allows more robust learning of smoothly varying state dynamics through a learned bias towards self-transitions. We show that this sticky HDP-HMM not only better segments data according to the underlying state sequence, but also improves the predictive performance of the learned model. Additionally, the sticky HDP-HMM enables learning more complex, multimodal emission distributions. We demonstrate the utility of the sticky HDP-HMM on the NIST speaker diarization database, segmenting audio files into speaker labels while simultaneously identifying the number of speakers present. Although the HDP-HMM and its sticky extension are very flexible time series models, they make a strong Markovian assumption that observations are conditionally independent given the discrete HMM state. This assumption is often insufficient for capturing the temporal dependencies of the observations in real data. To address this issue, we develop extensions of the sticky HDP-HMM for learning two classes of switching
Exploring the design space of an optimized compiler approach for mesh-like coarse-grained reconfigurable architectures

In this paper we study the performance improvements and trade-offs derived from an optimized mapping approach applied on a parametric coarse grained reconfigurable array architecture. The processing elements' local register files and the processing elements' interconnection network is exploited for caching memory data values with data reuse opportunities. The data reused values are transferred through the processing elements' interconnection network hence, relieving the bus from the burden of transferring these values. A novel mapping algorithm is also proposed that uses a modulo scheduling technique. This algorithm targets on a flexible architecture template which permits experimental exploration over different architecture alternatives. The experimental results showed that the operation parallelism was significantly improved by our mapping approach. Additionally, we have outlined the relation that exists between the performance improvements and the memory access latency, the interconnection network and the processing elements' register file size.
Myocardial Alterations in Adrenoreceptors After Ventricular Unloading with a Pulsatile vs a Nonpulsatile Device~!2010-02-15~!2010-05-06~!2010-06-10~!

We have recently shown that ventricular unloading with an implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) leads to improved calcium handling and membrane integrity and redistribution of alpha adrenoreceptors (AARs) and beta- adrenoreceptors (BARs). Here, we used fluorescence deconvolution microscopy to examine the effect of LVAD type (pulsatile vs non-pulsatile) on upregulation and redistribution of adrenoreceptors in core biopsy samples of the myocardium before and after the removal LVAD. We noted no major differences between the pulsatile and non-pulsatile groups; however, an individual patient's 'recovery' in adrenoreceptor numbers depended on the pre-LVAD number of receptors. These findings suggest that ventricular unloading is beneficial regardless of LVAD type; however, the degree of repair and recovery may correlate with the patient's level of ventricular dysfunction at implant and the pre-LVAD number of adrenoreceptors (130).
Coplanar waveguides on gold-doped high resistivity silicon for 67-GHz microwave application

High resistivity handle wafers suitable for radio frequency integrated circuit application have been achieved through deep level doping compensation technique. Ion implantation and subsequent annealing were used to introduce electrically active gold atoms into silicon resulting in an increase in resistivity up to 70 kOhm-cm from a nominal value of 50 Ohm-cm. At 67GHz, attenuation loss for coplanar waveguides shows a strong reduction from 0.88 dB/mm obtained from un-implanted wafers to 0.3 dB/mm in gold-implanted wafers.
Human-centered Region Selection and Weighting for Image Retrieval

We present an application of gaze tracking to image and video indexing, in the form of a model for selecting and weighting Regions of Interest (RoIs). Image/video indexing refers to the process of creating a synthetic representation of the media, for instance for retrieval purposes. It usually consists in labeling the media with semantic keywords describing its content. When automatized, this process is based on the analysis of visual features, which can be extracted either from the whole image or keyframe, or locally from regions. Since most of the times the whole image is not relevant for indexing (e.g. large flat regions with no specific semantic interpretation, blur regions, background regions that may not be relevant for retrieval purposes, and that should be filtered out), it would be preferable to concentrate the labeling process on specific RoIs that are considered representative of the scene, like the main subjects. The objective of the work presented here is to take advantage of natural human gaze information in order to define a human-centered Region of Interest selection and weighting technique in the context of media retrieval.
Discrete-time process algebra with empty process

We introduce an ACP-style discrete-time process algebra with relative timing, that features the empty process. Extensions to this algebra are described, and ample attention is paid to the considerations and problems that arise when introducing the empty process. We prove time determinacy, soundness, completeness, and the axioms of standard concurrency. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 68Q10, 68Q22, 68Q55. 1991 CR Categories: D.1. 3, D.3. 1, F.1. 2, F.3. 2.