Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Facets of the Fundamental Content Dimensions: Agency with Competence and Assertiveness—Communion with Warmth and Morality

Agency (A) and communion (C) are fundamental content dimensions. We propose a facet-model that differentiates A into assertiveness (AA) and competence (AC) and C into warmth (CW) and morality (CM). We tested the model in a cross-cultural study by comparing data from Asia, Australia, Europe, and the USA (overall N = 1.808). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported our model. Both the two-factor model and the four-factor model showed good fit indices across countries. Participants answered additional measures intended to demonstrate the fruitfulness of distinguishing the facets. The findings support the model's construct validity by positioning the fundamental dimensions and their facets within a network of self-construal, values, impression management, and the Big Five personality factors: In all countries, A was related to independent self-construal and to agentic values, C was related to interdependent self-construal and to communal values. Regarding the facets, AA was always related to A values, but the association of AC with A values fell below our effect size criterion in four of the five countries. A (both AA and AC) was related to agentic impression management. However, C (both CW and CM) was neither related to communal nor to agentic impression management. Regarding the Big Five personality factors, A was related to emotional stability, to extraversion, and to conscientiousness. C was related to agreeableness and to extraversion. AA was more strongly related to emotional stability and extraversion than AC. CW was more strongly related to extraversion and agreeableness than CM. We could also show that self-esteem was more related to AA than AC; and that it was related to CM, but not to CW. Our research shows that (a) the fundamental dimensions of A and C are stable across cultures; and (b) that the here proposed distinction of facets of A and C is fruitful in analyzing self-perception. The here proposed measure, the AC-IN, may be a useful tool in this research area. Applications of the facet model in social perception research are discussed.
Aggregate Production Functions and the Measurement of Infrastructure Productivity: A Reassessment

This paper revisits the conundrum surrounding the measurement of the impact of public infrastructure spending in the light of the aggregation literature (Fisher, 1969; 1993). It shows why estimations of aggregate production functions (APFs) augmented with a proxy for public expenditures do not yield an estimate that can be interpreted as the productivity of public infrastructure. The reason is that underlying all APFs is the accounting identity that relates value added to the wage bill plus overall profits. This identity can be rewritten as a mathematical form that resembles a production function. Therefore, the estimated coefficients cannot be taken to be the structural parameters of a production function. The paper also offers a brief discussion of the productivity puzzle.
Counting matchings in irregular bipartite graphs

We give a sharp lower bound on the number of matchings of a given size in a bipartite graph. When specialized to regular bipartite graphs, our results imply Friedland’s Lower Matching Conjecture and Schrijver’s theorem. It extends the recent work of Csikvári done for regular and bi-regular bipartite graphs. Moreover, our lower bounds are order optimal as they are attained for a sequence of 2-lifts of the original graph. We then extend our results to permaments and subpermanents sums. For permanents, we are able to recover the lower bound of Schrijver recently proved by Gurvits using stable polynomials. We provide new lower bounds for subpermanents sums. Our proof borrows ideas from the theory of local weak convergence of graphs, statistical physics and covers of graphs.
EVOLVING A ROBOT NEUROCONTROLLER FOR MEMORIZATION TASKS

In this study, a robotic neurocontroller architecture that handles delayed response tasks, which are characterized by a significant (and typically varying) delay between a stimulus and the corresponding appropriate response, is proposed. That is, the architecture aims at memorization and counting tasks. Current controller architectures use supervised (eg. gradient descent), reinforcement learning or evolutionary algorithms for this class of learning tasks. However, gradient descent methods have serious limitations such as being unable to handle memory very well, whereas supervised and reinforcement learning require a priori knowledge which might not always be available. Approaches for evolution of ANN as a controller includes evolution of initial weights, evolution of learning rules and evolving fixed weights. In this paper, initial and fixed weights are used for evolution of response and delay tasks.
Whatever happened to the psychology of human-computer interaction?: A biography of the life of a psychological framework within a HCI journal

Purpose – To outline how psychology as one of the original approaches to human‐computer interaction (HCI) has formed a key part of the HCI literature, and to discuss the need for psychological approaches to HCI and system development.Design/methodology/approach – The contributions to the journal Human‐Computer Interaction is examined from the journal's start in 1985 up to the millennium. The analysis focuses the three main elements, task, user and computer, in the classic study “Psychology of human‐computer interaction” from 1983.Findings – Provides information about authorship, and form and focus of research published. The paper concludes that already from the beginning, HCI researchers too narrowly used Card et al.'s analytical framework. Today it has developed into a sub‐theory within a multidisciplinary HCI science and in this role it continues to be an important cumulative factor in HCI.Research limitations/implications – The main conclusion about the role of psychology in HCI only applies to the mai.
An Approach for Performance Analysis of ETSI ITS-G5A MAC for Safety Applications

ETSI ITS-G5 is the current vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology in Europe, which will be standardized by ETSI TC ITS. It is based on IEEE 802.11p and therefore uses a CSMA/CA scheme for media access control (MAC). In this paper we analyze the performance of ETSI ITS-G5 MAC in a challenging scenario with respect to MAC issues: A suitable freeway segment with 6 lanes in each direction. The freeway scenario is thoroughly modeled and implemented in the well known ns-3 simulation environment. Based on this model, the paper shows the performance of ETSI ITS-G5 MAC under MAC challenging conditions. We provide a particular performance metric which incorporates the key requirements of safety applications.
SurfGuard JavaScript instrumentation-based defense against Drive-by downloads

Delivering malware via the web is now the cybercriminal's favorite means of attack. Advances in the malware distribution has increased to such an extent that today merely visiting a website causes a script to execute and thus download malicious executables on to your system. Exploits use the very flexible and dynamic natured javascript to employ a wide variety of attacks on the browsers. JavaScript is the core component of interactive and dynamic web pages of today. Its tight integration with the browser environment is often taken advantage to exploit different kinds of vulnerabilities. A malicious JavaScript can be embedded in a web page and will run without warning when the page is viewed in any ordinary browser. It also successfully bypasses the firewalls because the victim himself has chosen to view the page. A successful exploit results in series of malware downloads on to the system. The dangers of these attacks have created a need for some protection mechanism to safeguard the users who are exposed to such threats. Traditional techniques to counter this problem are either a performance overhead or work offline or are too much complicated to be used by novice user. The proposed project is a light-weight javascript instrumentation that enables static and dynamic analysis of the visited webpage to detect the attempts of attack on the page. Furthermore the product mitigates detected attacks by changing suspicious elements, so they do not cause harm anymore, thus actually protecting users from such attacks. In this paper, we briefly discuss the causes and impact of these attacks on a system. We show how these attacks can be detected and mitigated with minimal or no interaction with the user. We also discuss on the issues we came across while designing the product and how they were tackled. Finally, we report on the progress of the project so far and the planned future work.
Integrating distance metric learning into label propagation model for multi-label image annotation

Existing approaches for automatic image annotation usually suffer from two issues: (1) lacking a good quality distance metric for image semantic similarity measure; (2) rarely considering the correlation between labels assigned to each image. In this paper, we aim to resolve both of the problems simultaneously in a novel unified framework. Specifically, a proper distance metric is learned based on the structural SVM in a discriminative manner, which can optimize the ranking of the images induced by distances from a test image. Subsequently, a collaborative label propagation algorithm is leveraged to model the correlation between class labels in an explicit manner. Also, the learned metric is embedded in the propagation model. The integration of the two components leads to more accurate annotation results. The experiments conducted on the Corel dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed unified framework.
Heritability and gene-environment interactions for melanocytic nevus density examined in a U.K. adolescent twin study.

Risk factors for melanoma include environmental (particularly ultraviolet exposure) and genetic factors. In rare families, susceptibility to melanoma is determined by high penetrance mutations in the genes CDKN2A or CDK4, with more common, less penetrant genes also postulated. A further, potent risk factor for melanoma is the presence of large numbers of melanocytic nevi so that genes controlling nevus phenotype could be such melanoma susceptibility genes. A large Australian study involving twins aged 12 y of predominantly U.K. ancestry showed strong evidence for genetic influence on nevus number and density. We carried out essentially the same study in the U.K. to gain insight into gene-environment interactions for nevi. One hundred and three monozygous (MZ) and 118 dizygous (DZ) twin pairs aged 10-18 y were examined in Yorkshire and Surrey, U.K. Nevus counts were, on average, higher in boys (mean = 98.6) than girls (83.8) (p = 0.009) and higher in Australia (110.4) than in the U.K. (79.2, adjusted to age 12 y, p < 0.0001), and nevus densities were higher on sun-exposed sites (92 per m2) than sun-protected sites (58 per m2) (p < 0.0001). Correlations in sex and age adjusted nevus density were higher in MZ pairs (0.94, 95%CI 0.92-0.96) than in DZ pairs (0.61, 95%CI 0.49-0.72), were notably similar to those of the Australian study (MZ = 0.94, DZ = 0.60), and were consistent with high heritability (65% in the U.K., 68% in Australia). We conclude that emergence of nevi in adolescents is under strong genetic control, whereas environmental exposures affect the mean number of nevi.
A Phase Locking Theory of Matching between Rotated Images by a Dynamic Link Architecture

Pattern recognition invariant to deformation or translation can be performed with the dynamic link architecture proposed by von der Malsburg. The dynamic link has been applied to some engineering examples e ciently, but has not yet been analyzed mathematically. We propose two models of the dynamic link architecture. Both models are mathematically tractable. The rst model can perform matching between rotated images. The second model can also do that, and can additionally detect common parts in a template image and in a data image. To analyze these models mathematically, we reduce each model's equation to a phase equation, showing the mathematical principle behind the rotating invariant matching process. We also carry out computer simulations to verify the mathematical theories involved.
Rational Information Choice in Financial Market Equilibrium ∗

Information acquisition in financial markets is analyzed in an integrated model of information and portfolio choice. Asset returns are assumed to be gamma distributed and signals to be Poisson. A simultaneous rational expectations equilibrium in asset and information markets does exist under fully revealing prices. It entails a strictly positive amount of acquired signals if markets are large, asset returns relatively volatile or investors sufficiently risk averse. Thus, a long-standing noequilibrium paradox is resolved. More information reduces the ex ante variance of the asset return from each investor’s point of view, and thus allows for a better portfolio choice. A Samuelson-type welfare criterion for informational efficiency is proposed and applied. As with any public good, markets allocate information but less than socially desirable. However, the utility enhancing effect of more private information may be outweighed by the negative effect of its becoming commonly known. Information is reflected in the asset price. Shared information moves the price closer to the individually expected return, thus reducing the value of the risky asset. This can make information undesirable for investors. JEL G14, D81, D84 Theoretical and empirical assessments of financial markets and crises stress the importance of asymmetric information. However, they frequently take ∗I thank Maury Obstfeld, David Romer, Dan McFadden, Achim Wambach, Andy Rose, Bob Anderson, Chris Shannon, Sven Rady and Tom Rothenberg for insightful remarks. Seminar participants at University of Munich, City University Business School London, George Washington University, Deutsche Bundesbank and at ESEM 2002, Venice made helpful suggestions. A previous version of this paper circulated as “Another look at information acquisition under fully revealing asset prices. ” ‡muendler@ucsd.edu (www.econ.ucsd.edu/muendler)
Immunodeficient Mice Reduces Melanoma Development in Severe Combined Kinase / Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways-Kinase / Akt and Raf / Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase ′ 3 Topical Treatment with Inhibitors of the Phosphatidylinositol

Topical treatment with inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase/ Akt and Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signalregulated kinase pathways inhibited the growth of TPras transgenic melanomas in severe combined immunodeficient mice, blocked invasive behavior, and reduced angiogenesis. The inhibitor Ly294002, which is specific for phosphatidylinositol 3 -kinase, effectively reduced melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Both Ly294002 and U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor, reduced invasion, which correlated with reduction of the metalloproteinase matrix metalloproteinase 2. Tumor angiogenesis was disrupted through inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production from the tumor cells and antiangiogenic effects on endothelial cells. Observations with TPras melanoma cells that express dominant negative p85 or kinase-inactive Raf301 supported the specificity of the phenomena observed with the chemical inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that topical treatment targeting Ras effectors is efficacious, without systemic toxicities, and may prove to be useful in treating and preventing the progression of cutaneous melanoma.
Biomedical and Social Aspects of Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda Cases from Bengkulu District of Indonesia

BACKGROUND: Although short stature male (SSM) cases are often found in South Bengkulu, no management reports about their existence are available. This paper summarizes the researches of biomedical and social aspects for the human genetic disorders. CASE PRESENTATION: Field survey results indicated that SSM community was located in Kedurang area, and 67 persons with SSM were successfully sampled from a population of 17,357 persons (one of 260). Anthropometric comparative studies, history of the pattern of X-linked inheritance, as well as the study of anatomy through radiology and ultrasound confirmed that SSM is spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (SEDT). Genomic studies through characterisation of mutations of the SEDL gene revealed that point mutations on SEDT Kedurang are different from the results of previous similar studies, and these people are predicted to come from the same ancestors. It is necessary to notice that persons with SEDT have normal intellectual ability, but the physical conditions make their socio-economic competitiveness very low. Furthermore premature joint pains make persons with SEDT become old faster than the ordinary people by the age of 40 years. Realizing that they are marginalized, some of them try to come together to establish a foundation designed to make a better life. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the appropriate management of SEDT should be done by integrating to improve their nutritional status, reduce the suffering of joint pain, develop labelled molecular markers for early detection, and increase their socio-economic competitiveness.
Asymptotic estimates for the periods of periodic points of non-expansive maps

For each positive integer n we use the concept of ‘admissible arrays on n symbols’ to define a set of positive integers $Q(n)$ which is determined solely by number theoretical and combinatorial constraints and whose computation reduces to a finite problem. In earlier joint work with M. Scheutzow, it was shown that the set $Q(n)$ is intimately connected to the set of periods of periodic points of classes of non-expansive nonlinear maps defined on the positive cone in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this paper we continue the characterization of $Q(n)$ and present precise asymptotic estimates for the largest element of $Q(n)$. For example, if $\gamma(n)$ denotes the largest element of $Q(n)$, then we show that $\lim_{n \to \infty} (n\log n)^{-1/2}\log \gamma(n) = 1$. We also discuss why understanding further details about the fine structure of $Q(n)$ involves some delicate number theoretical issues.
Linoleate supplementation in steers modifies lipid composition of plasma lipoproteins but does not alter their fluidity

The health value for man of lipids in bovine muscles can be improved by the addition of PUFA to the animals' diets, but such treatments can modify fluidity of plasma lipoproteins and therefore their metabolic functions. The aim of the present study was to analyse whether changes in chemical composition of lipoproteins in steers fed sunflower oil-rich diets altered lipoprotein fluidity, measured by fluorescence polarization and electron spin resonance. LDL, light HDL and heavy HDL fractions were isolated by ultracentrifugation from plasma of eighteen crossbred Charolais×Salers steers. For a period of 70d, animals were given a control diet (C, n 6) consisting of hay (540g/kg) and concentrate mixture (460g/kg) or the same basal diet supplemented with sunflower oil rich in n-6 PUFA (40g/kg diet DM), given either as crushed seeds (S, n 6) or as a free oil infused directly into the duodenum (O, n 6), thus avoiding ruminal hydrogenation of PUFA. We have shown that in bovine animals: (1) fluidity measurements by fluorescence polarization must be made at the bovine physiological temperature (38·5°C); (2) heavy HDL always appear as the less fluid lipoparticles; (3) electron spin resonance, which does not depend on lipoparticle size, is more appropriate to compare the fluidity of LDL with that of light HDL. The values for lipoprotein fluidity measured by both methods indicated that linoleate-rich diets did not have any effect when compared with diet C; however, chemical variables support a fluidification of lipoparticles, since in steers given the diet O, n-6 PUFA concentrations increased in polar (×1·8) and neutral (×1·6) lipids in lipoparticles (P=0·0001). The phospholipid:protein ratio increased in light (+20%, P=0·019) and heavy (+23%, P=0·06) HDL and especially in LDL (+46%, P=0·0001); the total cholesterol:phospholipid ratio decreased in the three lipoprotein classes (−15 to −30%, NS). Diet S led to similar but less pronounced effects. We concluded that linoleate-rich diets modified the chemical composition of plasma lipoproteins in steers, but did not alter their fluidity; this probably occurred as a result of ‘homeoviscous adaptation’, which ensured their functional capacity.
Towards political inclusiveness : the changing role of local government in Japan

This report examines Japanese local government primarily from the perspective of local residents seeking to realize such fundamental political values as liberty (personal rights), political equality (collective preferences through broad participation in public affairs), and human welfare in their everyday lives. The focus of this report is on the role of Japanese local governments in translating such aspirations into reality, and thereby contributing to the quality of political life in the country. It is concerned foremost with the relationship between local government and local residents. That relationship is shaped to a great extent by the character of center-local relations and the jurisdictional, fiscal, and human resources available to localities.
Verification of System FC in Coq Dept

Haskell is a statically-typed functional programming language that is commonly used for the robust compile-time guarantees provided by its type system. Despite this usage, the type safety of Haskell has not been mechanically proven; it may be possible to write Haskell programs that type-check at compile-time but fall into an inconsistent state at runtime. Many safety critical systems such as flight controllers, self driving cars, and missile controllers are powered by software. If the type systems underlying this code are not verified, then the code itself is unsafe. This work approaches this problem by verifying System FC, the formalization of the core language of the Haskell compiler. It presents a mechanized proof for a large subset of System FC using the Coq Proof Assistant. The type system of System FC is the basis for the type system of Haskell, so the results translate directly into safety guarantees at the program level.
Extraction of Highly Correlated Temporal Event Cluster Recurrence from Spatiotemporal Data

Numerous spatiotemporal datasets are available in databases across several science and technology fields. One common example of spatiotemporal data is a satellite-derived time-series image. In this study, a method for extracting the recurrence of temporal changes highly correlated with a specific time-series subsequence in its spatiotemporal neighborhood is developed using a criterion based on support and confidence for association rules. The method was applied to meteorological satellite images, and the result was visualized as hot spots in the spatiotemporal coordinate system, which enabled the detection of the seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone.