Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Load Frequency Control methodologies for power system

There are volume of research articles regarding Load Frequency Control (LFC) of single area/multi area power system considering various control strategies. To use these research articles in a systematic way, an exhaustive literature review is required to avoid duplication in research work. In this paper, a review on LFC of power system using different control techniques is given. The linear and nonlinear models with different conventional and intelligent control techniques have been discussed. LFC strategies based on digital, self-tuning control, adaptive, VSS systems, and soft computing control have been included.
Content-Based Retrieval for Mammograms

As distributed mammogram databases at hospitals and breast screening centers are connected together through PACS, a mammogram retrieval system is needed to help medical professionals locate the mammograms they want to aid in medical diagnosis. This chapter presents a complete content-based mammogram retrieval system, seeking images that are pathologically similar to a given example. In the mammogram retrieval system, the pathological characteristics that have been defined in Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADSTM) are used as criteria to measure the similarity of the mammograms. A detailed description of those mammographic features is provided in this chapter. Since the user’s subjective perception should be taken into account in the image retrieval task, a relevance feedback function is also developed to learn individual users’ knowledge to improve the system performance.
A 3.8Gb/s large-scale MIMO detector for 3GPP LTE-Advanced

This paper proposes - to the best of our knowledge - the first ASIC design for high-throughput data detection in single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA)-based large-scale MIMO systems, such as systems building on future 3GPP LTE-Advanced standards. In order to substantially reduce the complexity of linear soft-output data detection in systems having hundreds of antennas at the base station (BS), the proposed detector builds upon a truncated Neumann series expansion to compute the necessary matrix inverse at low complexity. To achieve high throughput in the 3GPP LTE-A uplink, we develop a systolic VLSI architecture including all necessary processing blocks. We present a corresponding ASIC design that achieves 3.8 Gb/s for a 128 antenna, 8 user 3GPP LTE-A based large-scale MIMO system, while occupying 11.1 mm2 in a TSMC 45nm CMOS technology.
Bipower-Type Estimation in a Noisy Diffusion Setting

We consider a new class of estimators for volatility functionals in the setting of frequently observed Ito diffusions which are disturbed by i.i. d. noise. These statistics extend the approach of pre-averaging as a general method for the estimation of the integrated volatility in the presence of microstructure noise and are closely related to the original concept of bipower variation in the no-noise case. We show that this approach provides efficient estimators for a large class of integrated powers of volatility and prove the associated (stable) central limit theorems. In a more general Ito semimartingale framework this method can be used to define both estimators for the entire quadratic variation of the underlying process and jump-robust estimators which are consistent for various functionals of volatility. As a by-product we obtain a simple test for the presence of jumps in the underlying semimartingale.
MatEx: Efficient transient and peak temperature computation for compact thermal models

In many core systems, run-time scheduling decisions, such as task migration, core activations/deactivations, voltage/frequency scaling, etc., are typically used to optimize the resource usages. Such run-time decisions change the power consumption, which can in turn result in transient temperatures much higher than any steady-state scenarios. Therefore, to be thermally safe, it is important to evaluate the transient peaks before making resource management decisions. This paper presents a method for computing these transient peaks in just a few milliseconds, which is suited for run-time usage. This technique works for any compact thermal model consisting in a system of first-order differential equations, for example, RC thermal networks. Instead of using regular numerical methods, our algorithm is based on analytically solving the differential equations using matrix exponentials and linear algebra. This results in a mathematical expression which can easily be analyzed and differentiated to compute the maximum transient temperatures. Moreover, our method can also be used to efficiently compute all transient temperatures for any given time resolution without accuracy losses. We implement our solution as an open-source tool called MatEx. Our experimental evaluations show that the execution time of MatEx for peak temperature computation can be bounded to no more than 2.5 ms for systems with 76 thermal nodes, and to no more than 26.6 ms for systems with 268 thermal nodes, which is three orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art for the same settings.
Public Review for Towards Slack-Aware Networking

We are moving towards an Internet where most of the packets may be consumed by machines – set-top-boxes or smartphone apps prefetching content, Internet of Things (IoT) devices uploading their data to the cloud, or data centers doing geo-distributed replication. We observe that such machine centric communication can a↵ord to have slack built into it: every packet can be marked as to when it will be consumed in future. Slack could be anywhere from seconds to hours or even days. In this paper, we make a case for slack-aware networking by illustrating slack opportunities that arise for a wide range of applications as they interact with the cloud and its pricing models (e.g., spot pricing). We also sketch the design of SlackStack , a network stack with explicit support for slack at multiple levels of the stack, from a slack-based interface to slack-aware optimizations at the transport and network layers.
Self-paging in the Nemesis operating system

In contemporary operating systems, continuous media (CM) applications are sensitive to the behaviour of other tasks in the system. This is due to contention in the kernel (or in servers) between these applications. To properly support CM tasks, we require Quality of Service Firewalling between different applications. This paper presents a memory management system supporting Quality of Service (QoS) within the Nemesis operating system. It combines application-level paging techniques with isolation, exposure and responsibility in a manner we call self-paging. This enables rich virtual memory usage alongside (or even within) continuous media applications.
Pemetrexed Induced Thymidylate Synthase Inhibition in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: A Pilot Study with 3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography

Objectives Pemetrexed is a thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor and is effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]fluorothymidine (18F-FLT), a proliferation marker, could potentially identify tumor specific TS-inhibition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pemetrexed-induced TS-inhibition on 18F-FLT uptake 4 hours after pemetrexed administration in metastatic NSCLC patients. Methods Fourteen NSCLC patients underwent dynamic 18F-FLT positron emission tomography (PET) scans at baseline and 4 hours after the first dose of pemetrexed. Volumes of interest were defined with a 41%, 50% and 70% threshold of the maximum pixel. Kinetic analysis and simplified measures were performed. At one, two, four and six hours after pemetrexed, plasma deoxyuridine was measured as systemic indicator of TS-inhibition. Tumor response measured with response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) were determined. Results Eleven patients had evaluable 18F-FLT PET scans at baseline and 4 hours after pemetrexed. Two patients had increased 18F-FLT uptake of 35% and 31% after pemetrexed, whereas two other patients had decreased uptake of 31%. In the remaining seven patients 18F-FLT uptake did not change beyond test-retest borders. In all patients deoxyuridine levels raised after administration of pemetrexed, implicating pemetrexed-induced TS-inhibition. 18F-FLT uptake in bone marrow was significantly increased 4 hours after pemetrexed administration. Six weeks after the start of treatment 5 patients had partial response, 4 stable disease and 2 progressive disease. Median TTP was 4.2 months (range 3.0–7.4 months); median OS was 13.0 months (range 5.1–30.8 months). Changes in 18F-FLT uptake were not predictive for tumor response, TTP or OS. Conclusions Measuring TS-inhibition in a clinical setting 4 hours after pemetrexed revealed a non-systematic change in 18F-FLT uptake within the tumor. No significant association with tumor response, TTP or OS was observed.
Fast computation of the Smith normal form of an integer matrix

We present two new probabilistic algorithms for computing the Smith normal form of an A E Zm x'. The first requires an expected number of 0(m2n. M(mlog IIAI I)) bit operations (ignoring logarithmic factors) and is of the Las Vegas t ype/vol/ahml/issac95 /eind/Giesbrecht; that is, it never produces an incorrect answer. Here [IAII = max,fl lAij I and M(l) bit operations are sufficient to multiply two l-bit integers (M(J) = 12 using standard arithmetic). This improves on the previously best known (deterministic) al orithm of F Hafner and McCurley, which requires about O(rn n log IIAII M(rn log llAl\)) bit operations. We also present an even faster, more space efficient algorithm which requires an expected number of 0((rn3nlog IIAII +m3 log2 IIAII). log(l/e)) bit operations using standard integer arithmetic. This algorithm is of the Monte Carlo type: it returns the correct result with probability at least 1 – c for a user specified tolerance e >0. This algorithm also requires only O(rwn log \lAll) bits of storage, versus O(nmz log \lAll) bits required by other known algorithms.
Phosphorylation of K+ channels at single residues regulates memory formation

Phosphorylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification of proteins, and a known physiological regulator of K+ channel function. Phosphorylation of K+ channels by kinases has long been presumed to regulate neuronal processing and behavior. Although circumstantial evidence has accumulated from behavioral studies of vertebrates and invertebrates, the contribution to memory of single phosphorylation sites on K+ channels has never been reported. We have used gene targeting in mice to inactivate protein kinase A substrate residues in the fast-inactivating subunit Kv4.2 (T38A mutants), and in the small-conductance Ca2+-activated subunit SK1 (S105A mutants). Both manipulations perturbed a specific form of memory, leaving others intact. T38A mutants had enhanced spatial memory for at least 4 wk after training, whereas performance in three tests of fear memory was unaffected. S105A mutants were impaired in passive avoidance memory, sparing fear, and spatial memory. Together with recent findings that excitability governs the participation of neurons in a memory circuit, this result suggests that the memory type supported by neurons may depend critically on the phosphorylation of specific K+ channels at single residues.
Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF in presence of transmission errors

IEEE 802.11 is worldwide established and the most used protocol for wireless local area networks (WLANs). In this paper, we propose an improved analytical model that calculates IEEE 802.11 DCF performance taking into account both the packet retry limits and transmission errors for the IEEE 802.11a protocol. Validation of our new analytical performance model results is carried out by comparison with the simulation results using the OPNET/sup TM/ simulation package. We explore the effect of transmission errors, packet retry limits, data rate and network size on the performance of the basic access scheme, in terms of throughput, packet delay, packet drop time and drop probability.
Non-Cellulosic Polysaccharides from Cotton Fibre Are Differently Impacted by Textile Processing

Cotton fibre is mainly composed of cellulose, although non-cellulosic polysaccharides play key roles during fibre development and are still present in the harvested fibre. This study aimed at determining the fate of non-cellulosic polysaccharides during cotton textile processing. We analyzed non-cellulosic cotton fibre polysaccharides during different steps of cotton textile processing using GC-MS, HPLC and comprehensive microarray polymer profiling to obtain monosaccharide and polysaccharide amounts and linkage compositions. Additionally, in situ detection was used to obtain information on polysaccharide localization and accessibility. We show that pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharide levels decrease during cotton textile processing and that some processing steps have more impact than others. Pectins and arabinose-containing polysaccharides are strongly impacted by the chemical treatments, with most being removed during bleaching and scouring. However, some forms of pectin are more resistant than others. Xylan and xyloglucan are affected in later processing steps and to a lesser extent, whereas callose showed a strong resistance to the chemical processing steps. This study shows that non-cellulosic polysaccharides are differently impacted by the treatments used in cotton textile processing with some hemicelluloses and callose being resistant to these harsh treatments.
Ablation of Arg-tRNA-protein transferases results in defective neural tube development

The arginylation branch of the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic system in which post-translational conjugation of Arg by ATE1-encoded Arg-tRNA-protein transferase to N-terminal Asp, Glu, or oxidized Cys residues generates essential degradation signals. Here, we characterized the ATE1−/− mice and identified the essential role of N-terminal arginylation in neural tube development. ATE1-null mice showed severe intracerebral hemorrhages and cystic space near the neural tubes. Expression of ATE1 was prominent in the developing brain and spinal cord, and this pattern overlapped with the migration path of neural stem cells. The ATE1−/− brain showed defective G-protein signaling. Finally, we observed reduced mitosis in ATE1−/− neuroepithelium and a significantly higher nitric oxide concentration in the ATE1−/− brain. Our results strongly suggest that the crucial role of ATE1 in neural tube development is directly related to proper turn-over of the RGS4 protein, which participate in the oxygen-sensing mechanism in the cells. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(8): 443-448]
SI-ADMM: A stochastic inexact ADMM framework for resolving structured stochastic convex programs

We consider the resolution of the structured stochastic convex program: min equation such that Ax+By = b. To exploit problem structure and allow for developing distributed schemes, we propose an inexact stochastic generalization in which the subproblems are solved inexactly via stochastic approximation schemes. Based on this framework, we prove the following: (i) when the inexactness sequence satisfies suitable summability properties, the proposed stochastic inexact ADMM (SI-ADMM) scheme produces a sequence that converges to the unique solution almost surely; (ii) if the inexactness is driven to zero at a polynomial (geometric) rate, the sequence converges to the unique solution in a mean-squared sense at a prescribed polynomial (geometric) rate.
PPAR Activation Induces M1 Macrophage Polarization via cPLA2-COX-2 Inhibition, Activating ROS Production against Leishmania mexicana

Defence against Leishmania depends upon Th1 inflammatory response and, a major problem in susceptible models, is the turnoff of the leishmanicidal activity of macrophages with IL-10, IL-4, and COX-2 upregulation, as well as immunosuppressive PGE2, all together inhibiting the respiratory burst. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) activation is responsible for macrophages polarization on Leishmania susceptible models where microbicide functions are deactivated. In this paper, we demonstrated that, at least for L. mexicana, PPAR activation, mainly PPARγ, induced macrophage activation through their polarization towards M1 profile with the increase of microbicide activity against intracellular pathogen L. mexicana. PPAR activation induced IL-10 downregulation, whereas the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 remained high. Moreover, PPAR agonists treatment induced the deactivation of cPLA2-COX-2-prostaglandins pathway together with an increase in TLR4 expression, all of whose criteria meet the M1 macrophage profile. Finally, parasite burden, in treated macrophages, was lower than that in infected nontreated macrophages, most probably associated with the increase of respiratory burst in these treated cells. Based on the above data, we conclude that PPAR agonists used in this work induces M1 macrophages polarization via inhibition of cPLA2 and the increase of aggressive microbicidal activity via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Adaptive robust control of brushless DC (BLDC) motor based on sliding mode control (SMC) with unidirectional auxiliary surfaces

This paper proposes an adaptive robust controller to deal with unknown inertia and unknown friction force based on sliding mode control (SMC) with unidirectional auxiliary surfaces (USMC) for a brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The adaptive control schemes can adjust the uncertainty of inertia and friction force online. Sliding mode control with unidirectional auxiliary surfaces approach based controller provides robust performance with model error. The input control voltage generated by our proposed method in BLDC motor is continuous without paying extra cost of steady-state error, which means that the chattering phenomenon caused by traditional SMC would be eliminated. Techniques proposed in this paper have been applied to a simulated typical BLDC motor for simulation studies. The results illustrate and clarify the validity of this approach.
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Bayesian particle filters have become popular for tracking human motion in cluttered scenes. The most commonly used filters suffer from two drawbacks. First, the prior used for the filtering step is often poor due to relatively large, poorly modelled inter-frame motion. Second, the use of the prior as an importance function results in inefficient sampling of the posterior. The use of the auxiliary particle filter (APF) and the novel iterated likelihood weighting filter (ILW) are proposed here in order to help address these problems. Experimental results comparing the filters' accuracy and consistency are presented for a scenario in which a person is tracked in an overhead view using an ellipse model. A likelihood model based on combined region (colour) and boundary (gradient) cues is motivated and used. The ILW filter is shown to outperform both Condensation and the APF on typical sequences from this scenario.
A Modified Block Flexible GMRES Method with Deflation at Each Iteration for the Solution of Non-Hermitian Linear Systems with Multiple Right-Hand Sides

We propose a variant of the block GMRES method for the solution of linear systems of equations with multiple right-hand sides. We investigate a deflation strategy to detect when a linear combination of approximate solutions is already known that avoids performing expensive computational operations with the system matrix. This is especially useful when the cost of the preconditioner is supposed to be larger than the cost of orthogonalization in the block Arnoldi procedure. We specifically focus on the block GMRES method incorporating deflation at the end of each iteration proposed by Robbe and Sadkane [M. Robbe and M. Sadkane, Linear Algebra Appl. , 419 (2006), pp. 265--285]. We extend their contribution by proposing that deflation be performed also at the beginning of each cycle. This change leads to a modified least-squares problem to be solved at each iteration and gives rise to a different behavior especially when multiple restarts are required to reach convergence. Additionally we investigate truncatio.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Breast, Prostate, Pancreatic, Colon and Melanoma Cancer: A Blinded Comparative Study Using Healthy Donors

Cancer is a diverse disease characterized by abnormal cell growth and the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Because the yearly cancer rate is increasing, an important area for cancer researchers is to improve the ability to detect and treat cancer early. The current study analyzes the potential of flow cytometry to be used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with various cancer types and stages. CTCs are cells that have detached from the primary tumor and entered the blood stream in the process of metastasizing to other organs. To determine the accuracy of flow cytometry in detecting CTCs, a comparative study was performed on healthy donors. In this study, blood samples from patients with breast, prostate, pancreatic, colon and skin cancer were analyzed and compared with healthy donors. The data were collected and analyzed statistically with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The results indicate that CTCs can be detected in over 83% of the cancer patients and therefore may be a promising method for diagnosing cancer.
Model-Based Test Suite Generation for Function Block Diagrams Using the UPPAAL Model Checker

A method for model-based test generation of safety-critical embedded applications using Programmable Logic Controllers and implemented in a programming language such as Function Block Diagram (FBD) is described. The FBD component model is based on the IEC 1131 standard and it is used primarily for embedded systems, in which timeliness is an important property to be tested. Our method involves the transformation of FBD programs with timed annotations into timed automata models which are used to automatically generate test suites. Specifically we demonstrate how to use model transformation for formalization and model-checking of FBD programs using the UPPAAL tool. Many benefits emerge from this method, including the ability to automatically generate test suites from a formal model in order to ensure compliance to strict quality requirements including unit testing and specific coverage measurements. The approach is experimentally assessed on a train control system in terms of consumed resources.
John Wickham’s New Surgery: ‘Minimally Invasive Therapy’, Innovation, and Approaches to Medical Practice in Twentieth-century Britain

Abstract The term ‘minimally invasive’ was coined in 1986 to describe a range of procedures that involved making very small incisions or no incision at all for diseases traditionally treated by open surgery. We examine this major shift in British medical practice as a means of probing the nature of surgical innovation in the twentieth century. We first consider how concerns regarding surgical invasiveness had long been present in surgery, before examining how changing notions of post-operative care formed a foundation for change. We then go on to focus on a professional network involved in the promotion of minimally invasive therapy led by the urologist John Wickham. The minimally invasive movement, we contend, brought into focus tensions between surgical innovation and the evidence-based model of medical practice. Premised upon professional collaborations beyond surgery and a re-positioning of the patient role, we show how the movement elucidated changing notions of surgical authority.