Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does Kaldor’s hypothesis hold in India?

Issues relating to the interaction between the industrial sector of an economy and the overall economic activity under Kaldor’s hypothesis have been an interesting area of research. While a number of empirical studies have been carried out to test Kaldor’s hypothesis in many industrial and emerging economies, a similar study in the Indian context is conspicuously absent. With a series of comprehensive economic reforms initiatives introduced in India during the last two decades, there has been greater market orientation in the overall economy, and the inter-linkages between the industrial sector and the overall economy have assumed new dimensions. Against this backdrop, the present study empirically examines Kaldor’s hypothesis in the Indian context. For the empirical investigation, various time series econometric techniques such as Johansen and Juselius co-integration test and Granger causality test are applied to examine the relationship between industrial output and overall economic growth measured in terms of Gross National Product. The co-integration analysis takes into account the non-stationarity problem in the data, which is generally observed in various macroeconomic time series. It examines the presence of long-term stability in the relationship between two or more time series when they are integrated of order 1. The associated error correction mechanism explores the short term dynamics along with the adjustment process. We have used Indian annual data covering the period 1970-2011 for the empirical exercises. From the estimated results, it was revealed that both our time series under investigation, viz., industrial sector output and overall GNP were non-stationary and integrated of order 1. But the Johansen-Juselius co-integration test established long-term stability in their association. The error-correction mechanism revealed that any short-term discrepancy in the relationship was corrected over time. The results also showed a unidirectional causality running from economic growth to growth in industrial sector. Thus, GNP-led industrial growth pattern exists in India, and our findings fail to provide evidence supporting Kaldor’s hypothesis in the context of fast-growing Indian economy. The findings of the present study have important policy implications. Given the fact that the industrial sector is the backbone of the overall economy, it needs to grow consistently. Particularly, the policy makers in India should strive to promote India’s manufacturing exports along with the service sector.
The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid-supplemented Bone Graft in Bone Healing: Experimental Study in Rabbits

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is one of the essential components of extracellular matrix, which plays a predominant role in tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, differentiation, and adhesion. Bone allografts are frequently used to repair and reconstruct bone defects. In this study, two cavities of 3 mm diameter and depth have been created in the right tibia of 30 mature rabbits in accordance with the principles of general surgery. One of the cavities in the tibia is filled with HA and bone graft and the other is filled with only spongiosal bone graft, for the purpose of control. On the 20th, 30th, and 40th days, rabbits have been sacrificed in equal numbers and defective regions have been extracted. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to the data obtained in the result of histopathologic survey of specimens. In conclusion, the cavities that have been filled with HA and bone graft have shown higher scores than the control group during every period of the study.
Telltale Tails: A New Approach to Estimating Unique Market Information Shares

Abstract The trading of securities on multiple markets raises the question of each market’s share in the discovery of the informationally efficient price. We exploit salient distributional features of multivariate financial price processes to uniquely determine these contributions, thereby resolving the main drawback of the widely used Hasbrouck (1995) methodology, which merely provides upper and lower bounds of a market’s information share. We show how tail dependence of price changes, which may emerge as a result of differences in market design, can be exploited to estimate unique information shares. Two empiricalapplications illustrate the practical use of the new methodology.
The Determinants of Current Account Imbalances in Malawi

Persistent current account imbalances in many least developed and emerging countries have excited considerable interest among researchers and policy makers to have a clear understanding of the dynamics of the current account and its role in macroeconomic outcomes. Based on the saving-investment theory, this paper uses cointegration analysis to identify the long run and short-run determinants of Malawi’s current account deficit using annual data from 1980 to 2006. Results suggest that openness, terms of trade, external debt accumulation, and current account liberalization fundamentally determined the current account deficit in Malawi. Furthermore, results reveal that these deficits have been, to a large extent, persistent.
Modelling the volatility in East European emerging stock markets: evidence on Hungary and Poland

In this paper, stock market volatility in the East European emerging markets of Hungary and Poland is investigated using daily indexes. The results suggest the presence of non-linearity in the indexes through the BDSL statistic, while the presence of conditional heteroscedasticity is detected through LM tests. Conditional volatility is then modelled as a GARCH process; however, as measured by a GARCH-M model, this does not seems to be priced in the Hungarian and Polish stock markets. Moreover, the evidence rejects the Martingale hypothesis that future changes of stock prices in the two markets are orthogonal to past information. The well-known day-of-the-week effect, reflected in significantly positive Friday and negative Monday returns, does not seem to be present in these markets. While a marked decline in conditional volatility in the Polish market after June 1995 may be explained by appreciating Zloty exchange rates against the German Mark and increasing integration with developed markets, a similar (but less consistent) pattern between exchange rates (Hungarian against German and UK currencies) and conditional volatility is found for the Hungarian market.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical Isolates of Serotype 6E Streptococcus pneumoniae from Five Asian Countries

ABSTRACT Although serotype 6E Streptococcus pneumoniae consistently expresses capsules of either vaccine-serotype 6A or 6B, certain genetic variants of serotype 6E may evade vaccine induced immunity. Thus, draft genome sequences from five clinical isolates of serotype 6E from each of five different Asian countries have been generated to provide insight into the genomic diversity in serotype 6E strains.
Psychologising the Subject: HRM, Commodification, and the Objectification of Labour

Economists have rightly observed that labour commodification is one of the defining characteristics of the market capitalist mode. In this contribution, however, we contend that while a traditional macroeconomic perspective goes some way towards explaining the nature of the employment relationship, it fails to acknowledge that commodification is a necessary but not sufficient condition for labour utilisation. Viewed through the lens of organisation theory, the main employer agenda regarding labour utilisation is that of ‘human resource’ objectification, rather than market commodification. We seek to demonstrate this by examining how, under contemporary ‘human resource management’ (HRM), labour management theory and practice have developed into a sophisticated project designed to psychologise the employee subject into a resource object. In line with objectification, it is a project through which management seek to render human capabilities, attitudes and emotions — the basis of the worker's status as a social and organisational subject — classifiable, measurable and, hence, more manipulable.
Rectovaginal fistula: a common diagnostic error with significant consequences in girls with anorectal malformations.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Rectovaginal fistula is a term that continues to be used frequently to describe girls with anorectal malformations. This study attempts to evaluate the true frequency of this anomaly and the consequences of its misdiagnosis. METHODS A retrospective review of all girls with anorectal malformations treated by the senior author from 1980 through September 2000 was performed, and the pertinent literature was reviewed. RESULTS Of the 617 patients identified, only 6 were found to have a true rectovaginal fistula, an incidence of 1%. A total of 139 of the 617 patients were referred after a previous repair. Of these, 42 had a diagnosis of recto-vaginal fistula originally. The diagnosis was incorrect in all 42. Twelve patients had a rectovestibular fistula, and 30 had a cloaca. The 30 cloaca patients, because of the misconception that they had a rectovaginal fistula, underwent an initial repair of only the rectal component of the malformation, leaving all patients with a urogenital sinus necessitating a second complete repair. CONCLUSIONS The use of the term rectovaginal fistula is common, despite a true incidence of 1% in girls with anorectal malformations. The majority of girls will have either a rectovestibular fistula or a cloaca. Such diagnostic errors may lead to the use of inappropriate surgical techniques, incomplete repair, and unnecessary morbidity.
Discriminative Training of Sequence Taggers via Local Feature Matching

Sequence tagging is the task of predicting frame-wise labels for a given input sequence and has important applications to diverse domains. Conventional methods such as maximum likelihood (ML) learning matches global features in empirical and model distributions, rather than local features, which directly translates into frame-wise prediction errors. Recent probabilistic sequence models such as conditional random fields (CRFs) have achieved great success in a variety of situations. In this paper, we introduce a novel discriminative CRF learning algorithm to minimize local feature mismatches. Unlike overall data fitting originating from global feature matching in ML learning, our approach reduces the total error over all frames in a sequence. We also provide an efficient gradient-based learning method via gradient forwardbackward recursion, which requires the same computational complexity as ML learning. For several real-world sequence tagging problems, we empirically demonstrate that the proposed learning algorithm achieves significantly more accurate prediction performance than standard estimators.
Financial Market Functioning and Monetary Policy: Japan fs Experience

This paper reviews the financial market functioning under the zero interest rate policy (ZIRP) and the subsequent quantitative monetary easing policy (QMEP) conducted by the Bank of Japan (BOJ). First, the estimation results of the Japanese government bond yield curve using the Black-Gorovoi-Linetsky (BGL) model show that (1) the shadow interest rate has been negative since the late 1990s, turned upward in 2003, and has been on an uptrend since then, and (2) the first-hitting time until the negative shadow interest rate hits zero again under the risk-neutral probability is estimated to be about three months as of the end of February 2006. Second, under the ZIRP and QMEP, the risk premiums for Japanese banks have almost disappeared in short-term money markets such as the market for negotiable certificates of deposit, while they have remained in the credit default swap market and the stock market. This result supports the view that market participants have positively perceived the BOJ fs ample liquidity provisions in containing the near- term defaults of banks caused by the liquidity shortage.
It's Easily Done: The China-Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Dispute and the Freedom of Expression

This article examines the implications of the World Trade Organization (WTO) China-Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement case for the relationship between human rights law and trade-related intellectual property law. It shows that, despite the theory whereby international trade law can spontaneously support the freedom of expression and possibly other human rights, the parties and the panel were, in practice, oblivious to the human rights context of the dispute. In the WTO, human rights considerations will be integrated with international trade law (and intellectual property law within it) only if a party makes explicit arguments to this effect, and a panel opts to consider such arguments on their merits, not through issue avoidance.
Major Macroeconomic Variables and Leading Indexes: Some Estimates of Their Interrelations, 1886-1982

We examine the interactions within sets of up to six variables representing output, alternative measures of money and fiscal operations, inflation, interest rate, and indexes of selected leading indicators. Quarterly series are used, each taken with four lags, for three periods: 1949-82. 1919-40, and 1886-1914. The series are in stationary form, as indicated by unit root tests. For the early years, the quality of the available data presents some serious problems. We find evidence of strong effects on output of the leading indexes and the short-term interest rate. The monetary effects are greatly reduced when these variables are included. Most variables depend more on their own lagged values than on any other factors, but this is not true of the rates of change in output and the composite leading indexes. Some interesting interperiod differences are noted and discussed.
Preoperative Gemcitabine-based Chemoradiation Therapy for Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: Impact of Venous and Arterial Involvement Status on Surgical Outcome and Pattern of Recurrence

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of preoperative gemcitabine-based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer (BRPC), focusing on the associations among the tumor-vascular relationship, surgical outcomes, and pattern of recurrence. Summary Background Data: Among the various multimodal treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer, preoperative CRT and subsequent surgery is 1 promising strategy for BRPC. Methods: A total of 184 patients with BRPC received preoperative CRT. BRPC was classified as follows, based on radiographic findings before the initiation of preoperative CRT: BR-V, a tumor involving the portal-superior mesenteric vein without arterial involvement; and BR-A, a tumor with the involvement of a relevant major artery. We assessed the association of these 2 subgroups with the following parameters: (1) resection rate, (2) survival, and (3) pattern of recurrence. Results: The resection rate of BR-V cases (84%) was significantly higher than that of BR-A cases (57%) (P < 0.001). The 5-year survival rates of the resected BR-V and BR-A cases were 51% and 25%, respectively (P = 0.003). The 5-year cumulative incidence of distant recurrence was significantly higher in the BR-A cases compared with the BR-V cases (67% vs 54%, P = 0.006); however, the 5-year cumulative incidence of local recurrence was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions: In BRPC, arterial involvement was associated with impaired outcome regarding resection rate and survival, possibly due to the difference in the underlying pathophysiology between BR-V and the advanced nature of BR-A as a systemic disease.
Impact of the prospective payment system on physician charges under Medicare

The onset of the prospective payment system (PPS) has profoundly changed the structure of physician charges under Medicare. The proportion of allowed physician charges originating in an inpatient hospital setting was drastically reduced. In 1982, more than three-fifths of physician charges were related to inpatient services. By 1985, less than one-half derived from inpatient care (Figure 1). The decrease in the inpatient share of physician charges was mostly offset by increases in shares for physician services in outpatient hospitals. Two-thirds of the loss in physicians inpatient shares was shifted to outpatient hospital settings and one-third to physician office and other settings (Figure 1). Two major changes resulting from PPS appear to account for these changes in shares: Figure 1 Distribution of Medicare allowed physician charges, by place of service: 1982 and 1985 Sharp reductions in hospital lengths of stay and admission rates reduced the number of inpatient hospital days that provide opportunities for medical services, mainly hospital visits (Figure 2). Figure 2 Distribution of Medicare allowed physician medical service charges, by place of service: 1982 and 1985 Surgical services shifted from inpatient settings to other settings, particularly in 1985. Thus, the proportion of physician allowed charges deriving from inpatient surgery was reduced (Figure 3). Figure 3 Distribution of Medicare allowed physician surgical charges, by place of service: 1982 and 1985 Distributions of allowed charges by type and place of service (Table 1) do not necessarily reflect the corresponding distribution of Medicare Supplementary Medical Insurance (SMI) Trust Fund payments by type and place of service because patient liabilities for SMI deductibles are usually incurred during initial contacts with physicians in a calendar year. Thus, the proportion of charges for physician office services paid from the SMI Trust Fund is smaller than the proportion of charges for physician inpatient services paid from the SMI Trust Fund. The estimated rate of increase in physician allowed charges steadily diminished from 1982 to 1985 (Table 2). Table 1 Percent distribution of Medicare physician allowed charges, by type and place of service: Calendar years 1982-851 Table 2 Amount of Medicare physician allowed charges and percent change: 1982-85
An investigation into the expression of uncertainty in property valuations

Purpose – Valuation is a “snapshot” in time. It is an assessment of the market price at a single point in time. It is an estimate and any estimate is uncertain. This paper aims to investigate how the property profession conveys this uncertainty to their clients. Uncertainty must be dealt with in a professional manner in order to offer a reputable service to the general public. It is argued that uncertainty must be expressed within the valuation to offer each party a thorough understanding of the circumstances that surround that particular valuation. It is suggested that the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) should develop a standard approach to uncertainty expression, not only for the valuer's peace of mind, but in order to offer the best possible service to the general public.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reports the findings of a survey of valuers from leading practices throughout the UK. Examples of uncertainty are included in order to highlight the key issues within the discuss.
Area-based Urban Interventions: Rationale and Outcomes: The New Deal for Communities Programme in England

It is now 40 years since the first area-based initiative (ABI) was launched in England. New Deal for Communities (NDC), announced in 1998, is one of the most ambitious of English ABIs in that it aims, over a period of 10 years, to reduce the gaps between 39 deprived areas and national standards in five outcome areas: crime, education, health, worklessness, and housing and the physical environment. Change data from the 2001-05 national evaluation are used to explore three considerations: change across the programme; drivers of mobility; and change at the partnership level. Barriers operating at the neighbourhood, city-wide and national levels have impacted on the implementation of the programme.
Quality and accuracy assessment of nutrition information on the Web for cancer prevention

This study aimed to assess the quality and accuracy of nutrition information about cancer prevention available on the Web. The keywords ‘nutrition + diet + cancer + prevention’ were submitted to the Google search engine. Out of 400 websites evaluated, 100 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected as the sample for the assessment of quality and accuracy. Overall, 54% of the studied websites had low quality, 48 and 57% had no author's name or information, respectively, 100% were not updated within 1 month during the study period and 86% did not have the Health on the Net seal. When the websites were assessed for readability using the Flesch Reading Ease test, nearly 44% of the websites were categorised as ‘quite difficult’. With regard to accuracy, 91% of the websites did not precisely follow the latest WCRF/AICR 2007 recommendation. The quality scores correlated significantly with the accuracy scores (r = 0.250, p < 0.05). Professional websites (n = 22) had the highest mean quality scores, whereas government websites (n = 2) had the highest mean accuracy scores. The quality of the websites selected in this study was not satisfactory, and there is great concern about the accuracy of the information being disseminated.
Instrumental land use investment-driven growth in China

In the past decade or so, local governments in China have significantly increased their land development activities by acquiring land from farmers and leasing it on a large scale to industrial and commercial developers. This paper is an analysis of how land is used under China's existing institutional background as a competitive incentive for local investment. It is argued that local land development activities have contributed to an investment-driven growth in China that is not sustainable in the long run. On the basis of a panel data covering all provinces from 1998 to 2005, we empirically analyze the impacts of public land leasing on local fiscal revenue and gross domestic product (GDP). Policy implications are drawn with regard to further steps in land reforms.
WCRT Analysis of CAN Messages in Gateway-Integrated In-Vehicle Networks

In modern automobiles, gateways are commonly used to connect several subsystems of controller area networks (CANs) to achieve integrated architecture and distributed cross-bus functionalities. To analyze the real-time property of such in-vehicle networks, worst-case response time (WCRT) analysis for gateway-integrated CAN messages has been studied recently. However, the WCRTs obtained are quite pessimistic. In this study, we examine in detail the various actual arriving orders of gateway messages and then propose an explorative WCRT computation method. It is proved that the obtained WCRT results are safe WCRT bounds. Experimental results for real message set demonstrate as much as 24% reduction of WCRT compared with those obtained using the state-of-the-art methods.