Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two-terminal out-of-step protection for multi-machine grids using synchronised measurements

To prevent critical power system conditions dedicated out-of-step protection schemes are used in high-voltage networks, otherwise referred to as asynchronous operation protection automation. Structure of out-of-step automation is proposed in this paper addressing angular instability between multiple areas of the grid. Two strategically located substations are equipped with a protection scheme performing synchronized measurement of the local voltage phasors. In addition it calculates four remote phasors in real time and exchanges measurement/simulation results via communication channels. A location for the controllable grid splitting is decided in a flexible manner inclusively addressing influence of highly variable portion of the renewable production. Power utilities currently having limited PMU coverage would benefit from application of the proposed scheme as well as transmission corridors between systems with different PMU usage practices in regards to out-of-step protection.
5‐HT2B receptors modulate visceral hypersensitivity in a stress‐sensitive animal model of brain‐gut axis dysfunction

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with an enhanced perception to visceral stimuli and exaggerated stress response. The serotonergic neurotransmitter system has been strongly implicated as a key player in the manifestation of IBS symptomatology including visceral hypersensitivity. However the role of 5‐HT2B receptors in visceral pain, although speculated, is currently unclear. Thus we assessed the impact of a selective 5‐HT2B receptor antagonist, RS‐127445, on visceral hypersensitivity in a model of brain gut axis dysfunction the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat.
Applying Monte Carlo and classification tree sensitivity analysis to the Zayandehrood River

Water quality modeling is an important issue for both engineers and scientists. The QUAL2K model is a simulation tool that has been used widely for this purpose. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is a major step in water quality modeling. This article reports application of Monte Carlo analysis and classification tree sensitivity analysis in the modeling of the Zayandehrood River. First the model was calibrated and validated using two sets of data. Then, three input values (stream flow, roughness and decay rate) were considered for both analyses. The Monte Carlo analysis was conducted using triangular distribution of probability of occurrence for the input parameters. The classification tree analysis classifies outcome values into non-numeric categories. Considering the relationships between the input parameters in the classification tree analysis is the most important advantage of it. The analyses demonstrated the key input variables for three points of the river. The dissolved oxygen levels were mainly sensitive to the decay rate coefficient along the river.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Control of Photovoltaic Systems: A Polynomial Fuzzy Model-Based Approach

This paper introduces a polynomial fuzzy model (PFM)-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control approach to increase the performance and efficiency of the solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation. The proposed method relies on a polynomial fuzzy modeling, a polynomial parallel distributed compensation, and a sum-of-squares (SOS) decomposition. The proposed method is a generalization of the standard Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models and linear matrix inequality, which showed its effectiveness in decreasing the tracking time and increasing the efficiency of the PV systems. In this paper, a direct maximum power (DMP)-based control structure is considered for MPPT. Using the PFM representation, the DMP-based control structure is formulated in terms of SOS conditions. Unlike the conventional approaches, the proposed approach does not require exploring the maximum power operational point. Finally, the extensive studies and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Preparation of endostatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and evaluation of the antitumor effect of such nanoparticles on the Lewis lung cancer model

Abstract The purpose of this study was to prepare ES-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ES-NPs) and evaluate the antitumor effect of these particles on the Lewis lung cancer model. ES-NPs were prepared by a simple ionic cross-linking method. The characterization of the ES-NPs, including size distribution, zeta potential, loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency (EE), was performed. An in vitro release test was also used to determine the release behavior of the ES-NPs. Cell viability and cell migration were assayed to detect the in vitro antiangiogenic effect of ES-NPs. In order to clarify the antitumor effect of ES-NPs in vivo, the Lewis lung cancer model was used. ES-NPs were successfully synthesized and shown to have a suitable size distribution and high EE. The nanoparticles were spherical and homogeneous in shape and exhibited an ideal releasing profile in vitro. Moreover, ES-NPs significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). The in vivo antiangiogenic activity was evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry analyses, which revealed that ES-NPs had a stronger antiangiogenic effect for reinforced anticancer activity. Indeed, even the treatment cycle in which ES-NPs were injected every seven days, showed stronger antitumor effect than the free ES injected for 14 consecutive days. Our study confirmed that the CS nanoparticle is a feasible carrier for endostatin to be used in the treatment of lung cancer.
The Radiocarbon Intracavity Optogalvanic Spectroscopy Setup at Uppsala

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is by far the predominant technology deployed for radiocarbon tracer studies. Applications are widespread from archaeology to biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical sciences. In spite of its excellent performance, AMS is expensive and complicated to operate. Consequently, alternative detection techniques for 14C are of great interest, with the vision of a compact, user-friendly, and inexpensive analytical method. Here, we report on the use of intracavity optogalvanic spectroscopy (ICOGS) for measurements of the 14C/12C ratio. This new detection technique was developed by Murnick et al. (2008). In the infrared (IR) region, CO2 molecules have strong absorption coefficients. The IR-absorption lines are narrow in line width and shifted for different carbon isotopes. These properties can potentially be exploited to detect 14CO2, 13CO2, or 12CO2 molecules unambiguously. In ICOGS, the sample is in the form of CO2 gas, eliminating the graphitization step that h is required in most AMS labs. The status of the ICOGS setup in Uppsala is presented. The system is operational but not yet fully developed. Data are presented for initial results that illustrate the dependence of the optogalvanic signal on various parameters, such as background and plasma-induced changes in the sample gas composition.
Modeling and Estimation of Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 In Vitro Experiments by Using a Growth Competition Assay

ABSTRACT Growth competition assays have been developed to quantify the relative fitnesses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) mutants. In this article we develop mathematical models to describe viral/cellular dynamic interactions in the assay experiment, from which new competitive fitness indices or parameters are defined. These indices include the log fitness ratio (LFR), the log relative fitness (LRF), and the production rate ratio (PRR). From the population genetics perspective, we clarify the confusion and correct the inconsistency in the definition of relative fitness in the literature of HIV-1 viral fitness. The LFR and LRF are easier to estimate from the experimental data than the PRR, which was misleadingly defined as the relative fitness in recent HIV-1 research literature. Calculation and estimation methods based on two data points and multiple data points were proposed and were carefully studied. In particular, we suggest using both standard linear regression (method of least squares) and a measurement error model approach for more-accurate estimates of competitive fitness parameters from multiple data points. The developed methodologies are generally applicable to any growth competition assays. A user-friendly computational tool also has been developed and is publicly available on the World Wide Web at http://www.urmc. rochester.edu/bstools/vfitness/virusfitness.htm .
Assessing Impression Management With the MMPI-2 in Child Custody Litigation

Forensic psychological evaluation of parents in child custody litigation is primarily focused on evaluating parenting capacity and underreporting. The biased responses of underreporting have been classified as Impression Management (IM) or as Self-Deceptive Positivity (S-DP), which are regarded to be conscious or unconscious in nature, respectively. A field study was undertaken to assess impression management on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2) in child custody cases, the accuracy of the MMPI-2 scales in classifying IM, and what parents in child custody litigation actually manipulate in terms of IM. A total of 244 parents in child custody litigation and 244 parents under standard instructions were administered the MMPI-2. The results revealed that the L, Mp, Wsd, and Od scales discriminated between both samples of parents; the rate of satisfactory classification (i.e., odds ratio ranged from 5.7 for Wsd to 23.3 for Od) and an incremental validity of Od over Mp and Wsd. As for the effects of IM, the results show IM effects in the Basic Clinical Scales, the Restructured Clinical Scales, the Personality Psychopathology Five Scales, the Content Scales, and the Supplementary Scales. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the forensic evaluation of parents in child custody litigation.
A Simple Multi-Class Boosting Framework with Theoretical Guarantees and Empirical Proficiency

There is a need for simple yet accurate white-box learning systems that train quickly and with lit- tle data. To this end, we showcase REBEL, a multi-class boosting method, and present a novel family of weak learners called localized similar- ities. Our framework provably minimizes the training error of any dataset at an exponential rate. We carry out experiments on a variety of synthetic and real datasets, demonstrating a con- sistent tendency to avoid overfitting. We eval- uate our method on MNIST and standard UCI datasets against other state-of-the-art methods, showing the empirical proficiency of our method.
Liposome Drug Delivery: A Review

Liposomes are result of self assembly of phospholipid in an aqueous media resulting in closed bilayered structures. Liposomes are one of unique drug delivery system which can be use in controlling and targeting drug delivery system. Liposomes are generally classified based upon structure, method of preparation, composition and application, conventional liposome, and specialty liposome. Liposomes are formulated and processed to differ in size, composition, charge and lamellarity, depending upon method of preparation either active loading technique or passive loading technique. The prepared liposomes are characterized for visual appearance, liposomal size distribution, lamillarity, liposome stability, entrapped volume and surface charges. Different marketed formulations are available in market for liposomes. The liposomes have many applications which increase its importance over other formulations.
Guideline for the Use of Larynx-Preservation Strategies in the Treatment of Laryngeal Cancer

Purpose To develop a clinical practice guideline for treatment of laryngeal cancer with the intent of preserving the larynx (either the organ itself or its function). This guideline is intended for use by oncologists in the care of patients outside of clinical trials. Methods A multidisciplinary Expert Panel determined the clinical management questions to be addressed and reviewed the literature available through November 2005, with emphasis given to randomized controlled trials of site-specific disease. Survival, rate of larynx preservation, and toxicities were the principal outcomes assessed. The guideline underwent internal review and approval by the Panel, as well as external review by additional experts, members of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Health Services Committee, and the ASCO Board of Directors. Results Evidence supports the use of larynx-preservation approaches for appropriately selected patients without a compromise in survival; however, no larynx-preservation approach offers a survival advantage compared with total laryngectomy and adjuvant therapy with rehabilitation as indicated. Recommendations All patients with T1 or T2 laryngeal cancer, with rare exception, should be treated initially with intent to preserve the larynx. For most patients with T3 or T4 disease without tumor invasion through cartilage into soft tissues, a larynx-preservation approach is an appropriate, standard treatment option, and concurrent chemoradiotherapy therapy is the most widely applicable approach. To ensure an optimum outcome, special expertise and a multidisciplinary team are necessary, and the team should fully discuss with the patient the advantages and disadvantages of larynx-preservation options compared with treatments that include total laryngectomy. J Clin Oncol 24:3693-3704. © 2006 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
Circuit optimization using device layout motifs

As technology reaches atomic scales, circuit performance is significantly affected by the variability of electrical properties within transistors such as random dopant fluctuation (RDF), line edge roughness (LER), and layout driven variations. This increases pressure on designers to find methodologies that more effectively mitigate the impact of device parameter fluctuations and improve circuit performance. In this paper, a novel alternative layout style of devices is proposed: an O-shaped device layout motif. A 3D O-shaped device simulation including LER variability source is performed using TCAD simulation in order to investigate and exploit the variability characteristics of O-shaped devices at both device level and circuit level. The corresponding statistical variability models enabling efficient circuit-level simulations using SPICE are extracted from TCAD simulation results. In order to further explore this novel device layout motif's impact on circuit design, a number of logic gates are used as candidates which are constructed using this novel device. The experimental results show that the worse case delay of logic gates can be reduced through mixed combinations of O-shaped devices and regular devices. At the same time, effects of variability on propagation delay can be mitigated.
Urinary Mercapturic Acids and a Hemoglobin Adduct for the Dosimetry of Acrylamide Exposure in Smokers and Nonsmokers

Acrylamide, used in the manufacture of polyacrylamide and grouting agents, is also present in the diet and tobacco smoke. It is a neurotoxin and a probable human carcinogen. Analytical methods were established to determine the mercapturic acids of acrylamide (N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, AAMA) and its metabolite glycidamide (N-(R/S)-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine, GAMA) by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), as well as the N-terminal valine adduct of acrylamide (N-2-carbamoylethylvaline, AAVal) released by N-alkyl Edman degradation of hemoglobin by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty-four-hour urine samples from 60 smokers and 60 nonsmokers were analyzed for AAMA and GAMA, and blood samples were analyzed for AAVal. Smokers excreted 2.5-fold higher amounts of AAMA and 1.7-fold higher amounts of GAMA in their urine and had 3-fold higher levels of AAVal in their blood. All three biomarkers of acrylamide exposure were strongly correlated with the smoking dose as determined by the daily cigarette consumption, nicotine equivalents (the molar sum of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine, and their respective glucuronides) in urine, salivary cotinine, and carbon monoxide in expired breath. In nonsmokers, a weak but significant correlation between AAMA and the estimated dietary intake of acrylamide was found. It is concluded that all three biomarkers of acrylamide are suitable for the determination of exposure in both smokers and nonsmokers.
AMPLIFICATION BY ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE OF THE HAEMODYNAMIC AND RENAL RESPONSES TO AN ACUTE VOLUMIC STRESS IN THE RAT‡

1. The purpose of the present study was to test the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on renal haemodynamics and excretory capacities of salt and water in the rat during an ‘acute volumic stress’, which was induced by brisk disturbances of the circulatory volume.
A 20 kW X band High Power Amplifier for ESA Deep Space Ground Stations

The European Space Agency (ESA) is developing a network of 35 m antennas for Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C) operations of primarily Deep Space spacecraft. A 20 kW water cooled X-band Klystron-based High Power Amplifier (HPA) working in the bandwidth 7145–7235 MHz , complete with power supply, internal protection, cooling system, local and remote monitor and control has been designed and developed by Rheinmetall Italia SpA, Roma (hereafter referred as RhI) in the contest of the ESOC contract 18570/04/D/SW . The complete HPA or parts of it will be installed in the Antenna Equipment Room (AER) of ESA Deep Space Ground Stations (DSGS). This paper describes the needs satisfied by the unit, the main technical performances and the main test results.
Role for Traf4 in Polarizing Adherens Junctions as a Prerequisite for Efficient Cell Shape Changes

ABSTRACT Apical constriction of epithelial cells is a widely used morphogenetic mechanism. In the Drosophila embryo, the apical constrictions that internalize the mesoderm are controlled by the transcription factor Twist and require intact adherens junctions and a contractile acto-myosin network. We find that adherens junctions in constricting mesodermal cells undergo extensive remodeling. A Twist target gene encoding a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF) family, Traf4, is involved in this process. While TRAFs are best known for their functions in inflammatory responses, Traf4 appears to have a different role, and its mechanism of action is poorly understood. We show that Traf4 is required for efficient apical constriction during ventral furrow formation and for proper localization of Armadillo to the apical position in constricting cells. Traf4 and Armadillo interact with each other physically and functionally. Traf4 acts in a TNF receptor- and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-independent manner to fine-tune the assembly of adherens junctions in the invaginating mesodermal cells.
Sore throat management in New Zealand general practice.

AIM To describe the sore throat management practices by New Zealand general practitioners (GPs) and compare the rate of sore throat presentation over time. METHOD Data were collected from the National Primary Medical Care Survey carried out over 2001/2002. Analyses were done on patients who presented to the GP with the symptom of a sore throat as one of their reasons for visit. A systematic review of the New Zealand literature was done for sore throat presentation to GPs since 1966. RESULTS There were 10,506 records of visits gathered from 246 GPs and 335 patients presented sore throat as a reason for visit. Patients presented sore throat at a rate (SE) of 3.6 (0.26) per 100 encounters and varied by age (p=0.004), but not by socioeconomic deprivation (p=0.415) or by ethnic group (p=0.165). Patients' perceived urgency of visit had a greater impact in the rate of presentation for the 0-4 year age group than in the at-risk age group of 5-14 years (p=0.001). GPs recorded a 'Read code' diagnosis at a rate of 59.2 (3.96) recordings per 100 encounters. Among the 306 recorded diagnoses, 11.4% were explicit recordings of viral diagnoses. 7.6% of GPs ranked themselves as 'moderately' and 2.3% as 'highly' uncertain of their diagnosis. Throats swabs were taken at a rate of 6.6 (1.68) swabs per 100 encounters. Antibiotic prescribing rate was higher when sore throat was recorded as a reason for visit than not (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in throat swabs taken for sore throat patients prescribed an antibiotic or not (p=0.623). No Pacific person had a throat swab taken. Patients with sore throat who were Maori (73.5 [7.2]) or Pacific people (80.2 [17.3]) were more likely to be prescribed an antibiotic than Europeans (57.4 [4.62]). Since 1966, there were 16 New Zealand studies of patients presenting with respiratory disorders to their GP. Seven of these studies measured GP management of sore throat, and only 3 of these measured the rate of patients' sore throat symptom presentation. The rate of patients' sore throat presentation remained similar when compared with the Waikato study of 1991 (2.8%) that had a similar methodology. CONCLUSION Sore throat continues to be a common symptom that GPs manage in their work. Ethnic differences may have a part to play in how GPs manage sore throat. More research is needed to discover those factors that would encourage a greater proportion at-risk 5-14 year old children to attend their GP with sore throat.
Robust Optimal Control for Train Operation of 2 Car AGT (Automated Guide-way Transit) in Automatic People Movers System

The paper considers a train operation which minimizes energy consumption for leading the train from one station to the next station at the specified instant and stopping times. The minimization of the energy consumption is defined as an optimal trajectory used as a reference signal for the robust optimal control to regulate an AGT train in Automatic People Movers (APM) system. In this case, we consider the optimal control system where the performance index is of general form containing a final (terminal) cost function in addition to the integral cost function. Since the final time and the final state are fixed or specified, there are no extra boundary conditions to be used other than those given in the problem formulation. Full state feedback control law is selected to design Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and PID controller. Here we also consider the parameter selection problems of the PID controller within the framework of robust control theory which provides an alternative method to optimize the setting of the PID controller. To handle uncertainty of the train parameter such as mass, robust design is applied to find a controller, for a given system, such that the closed loop system is robust. By considering the uncertain passenger arrival flow, the robust optimal control law is designed to suppress the effect of this uncertainty and the uncertain disturbances to the nominal mass of the train system. Simulations show the robustness of the proposed train control algorithms against disturbances occurring on a train parameter.
Reconfigurable communication fabric for efficient implementation of neural networks

Handling heavy multicast-based inter-neuron communication is the most challenging issue in parallel implementation of neural networks. To address this problem, a reconfigurable Network-on-Chip (NoC) architecture for neural networks is presented in this paper. The NoC consists of a number of node clusters with a fix topology connected by a reconfigurable inter-cluster communication fabric that efficiently handles multicast communication. The evaluation results show that the proposed architecture can better manage the multicast-based traffic of neural networks than the mesh-based topologies proposed in prior work. It offers up to 60% and 22% lower average message latency compared to a baseline and a state-of-the-art NoC for neural networks, respectively, which directly translates to faster neural processing.