Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assessing Crowdsourced POI Quality: Combining Methods Based on Reference Data, History, and Spatial Relations

With the development of location-aware devices and the success and high use of Web 2.0 techniques, citizens are able to act as sensors by contributing geographic information. In this context, data quality is an important aspect that should be taken into account when using this source of data for different purposes. The goal of the paper is to analyze the quality of crowdsourced data and to study its evolution over time. We propose two types of approaches: (1) use the intrinsic characteristics of the crowdsourced datasets; or (2) evaluate crowdsourced Points of Interest (POIs) using external datasets (i.e., authoritative reference or other crowdsourced datasets), and two different methods for each approach. The potential of the combination of these approaches is then demonstrated, to overcome the limitations associated with each individual method. In this paper, we focus on POIs and places coming from the very successful crowdsourcing project: OpenStreetMap. The results show that the proposed approaches are complementary in assessing data quality. The positive results obtained for data matching show that the analysis of data quality through automatic data matching is possible but considerable effort and attention are needed for schema matching given the heterogeneity of OSM and the representation of authoritative datasets. For the features studied, it can be noted that change over time is sometimes due to disagreements between contributors, but in most cases the change improves the quality of the data.
Novel adaptive power control of a Direct-drive PM wind generation system in a micro grid

This paper presents an adaptive power control algorithm for a Direct-drive PM wind generation system in a micro grid. The strategy is based on the vector control algorithm for a two-level IGBT full power converter. The object of this novel control is to operate the wind generation, with a hybrid DC-AC link topology, either in Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode, or non-MPPT mode with enhanced tracking performance. The simulation proves that the proposed MPPT algorithm is much faster, more robust and adaptive to changes of the environment than the conventional variable-step Hill Climbing Search (HCS) algorithm, while the non-MPPT module has a fast response to the change of the power demand and the environment, and accurate steady state response as well. Moreover, the result shows that the control strategy can switch between the MPPT and non-MPPT automatically.
Harmonic Oscillators as Bridges between Theories: Einstein, Dirac, and Feynman

Other than scattering problems where perturbation theory is applicable, there are basically two ways to solve problems in physics. One is to reduce the problem to harmonic oscillators, and the other is to formulate the problem in terms of two-by-two matrices. If two oscillators are coupled, the problem combines both two-by-two matrices and harmonic oscillators. This method then becomes a powerful research tool to cover many different branches of physics. Indeed, the concept and methodology in one branch of physics can be translated into another through the common mathematical formalism. Coupled oscillators provide clear illustrative examples for some of the current issues in physics, including entanglement, decoherence, and Feynman's rest of the universe. In addition, it is noted that the present form of quantum mechanics is largely a physics of harmonic oscillators. Special relativity is the physics of the Lorentz group which can be represented by the group of by two-by-two matrices commonly called $SL(2,c)$. Thus the coupled harmonic oscillators can therefore play the role of combining quantum mechanics with special relativity. Both Paul A. M. Dirac and Richard P. Feynman were fond of harmonic oscillators, while they used different approaches to physical problems. Both were also keenly interested in making quantum mechanics compatible with special relativity. It is shown that the coupled harmonic oscillators can bridge these two different approaches to physics.
A Measurement Based Shadow Fading Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Network Simulations

The vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) propagation channel has significant implications on the design and performance of novel communication protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Extensive research efforts have been made to develop V2V channel models to be implemented in advanced VANET system simulators for performance evaluation. The impact of shadowing caused by other vehicles has, however, largely been neglected in most of the models, as well as in the system simulations. In this paper we present a shadow fading model targeting system simulations based on real measurements performed in urban and highway scenarios. The measurement data is separated into three categories, line-of-sight (LOS), obstructed line-of-sight (OLOS) by vehicles, and non-line-of-sight due to buildings, with the help of video information recorded during the measurements. It is observed that vehicles obstructing the LOS induce an additional average attenuation of about 10 dB in the received signal power. An approach to incorporate the LOS/OLOS model into existing VANET simulators is also provided. Finally, system level VANET simulation results are presented, showing the difference between the LOS/OLOS model and a channel model based on Nakagami-m fading.
Dynamic Programming Subject to Total Variation Distance Ambiguity

The aim of this paper is to address optimality of stochastic control strategies via dynamic programming subject to total variation distance ambiguity on the conditional distribution of the controlled process. We formulate the stochastic control problem using minimax theory, in which the control minimizes the payoff while the conditional distribution, from the total variation distance set, maximizes it. First, we investigate the maximization of a linear functional on the space of probability measures on abstract spaces, among those probability measures which are within a total variation distance from a nominal probability measure, and then we give the maximizing probability measure in closed form. Second, we utilize the solution of the maximization to solve minimax stochastic control with deterministic control strategies, under a Markovian and a non-Markovian assumption, on the conditional distributions of the controlled process. The results of this part include (1) minimax optimization subject to total va.
The Construction of Large Scale Reconfigurable Parallel Computing Systems (The Architecture of the SC320)

Reconfigurable communication networks for massively parallel multiprocessor systems offer the possibility to realize a number of application demands like special communication patterns or real-time requirements. This paper presents the design principle of a reconfigurable network which is able to realize any graph of maximal degree four. The architecture is based on a special multistage Clos network, constructed out of a number of static routing switches of equal size. Upper bounds on the cut size of 4-regular graphs, if split into a number of clusters, allow minimizing the number of switches and connections while still offering the desired reconfiguration capabilities as well as large scalability and flexible multi-user access. Efficient algorithms configuring the architecture are based on an old result by Petersen27 about the decomposition of regular graphs. The concept presented here is the basis for the Parsytec SC series of reconfigurable MPP-systems. The currently largest realization with 320 processors is presented in greater detail.
3 Experiments with MovieLens 100 , 000

This technical report contains all the measurements in the form of graphs that we conducted in our research into decentralized recommendation, as initially published in [5]. In particular, it contains our measurements on the MovieLens 100,000 and 1,000,000 ratings datasets [11], and the Jester dataset [2].
The subpulse modulation properties of pulsars at 92 cm and the frequency dependence of subpulse modulation

Context: A large sample of pulsars has been observed to study their subpulse modulation at an observing wavelength (when achievable) of both 21 and 92 cm using the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope. In this paper we present the 92-cm data and a comparison is made with the already published 21-cm results. Aims: The main goals are to determine what fraction of the pulsars have drifting subpulses, whether those pulsars share some physical properties and to find out if subpulse modulation properties are frequency dependent. Methods: We analysed 191 pulsars at 92 cm searching for subpulse modulation using fluctuation spectra. The sample of pulsars is as unbiased as possible towards any particular pulsar characteristics. Results: For 15 pulsars drifting subpulses are discovered for the first time and 26 of the new drifters found in the 21-cm data are confirmed. We discovered nulling for 8 sources and 8 pulsars are found to intermittently emit single pulses that have pulse energies similar to giant pulses. Another pulsar was shown to exhibit a subpulse phase step. It is estimated that at least half of the total population of pulsars have drifting subpulses when observations with a high enough signal-to-noise ratio would be available. It could well be that the drifting subpulse mechanism is an intrinsic property of the emission mechanism itself, although for some pulsars it is difficult or impossible to detect. Drifting subpulses are in general found at both frequencies, although the chance of detecting drifting subpulses is possibly slightly higher at 92 cm. It appears that the youngest pulsars have the most disordered subpulses and the subpulses become more and more organized into drifting subpulses as the pulsar ages. The modulation indices measured at the two frequencies are clearly correlated, although at 92 cm they are on average possibly higher. At 92 cm the modulation index appears to be correlated with the characteristic age of the pulsar and the complexity parameters as predicted by three different emission models. The correlations with the modulation indices are argued to be consistent with the picture in which the radio emission can be divided in a drifting subpulse signal plus a quasi-steady signal which becomes, on average, stronger at high observing frequencies. The measured values of P3 at the two frequencies are highly correlated, but there is no evidence for a correlation with other pulsar parameters. Appendix A is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda. org. Table [see full text] is also available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat? J/A+A/469/607
Physical Fitness and Performance Indicators of Indian Female Volleyball Players: the Need for individual Data

The performances of Indian female volleyball teams (mini to senior levels) are poor at the Asian as well as in the international levels. This has become a challenge to the volleyball coaches, physical educationists and sports scientists of India. Though efforts are being made to improve the performance of Indian female volleyball players of different levels however, very little success has been achieved so far in this regard due to fact that in India the emphasis during selection of teams in different levels has been based on only in skills and tactics without much consideration of physical fitness and performance indicators of volleyball players. In this respect the researcher realizes the importance of physical fitness and performance indicators in the game of volleyball and undertaken this topic. The present study was aimed to assess the physical fitness indicators i.e. strength, speed, power, agility, flexibility and muscular endurance and the performance indicators i.e. height, weight, grip strength (left + right), back strength, block jump and spike jump of Indian talented sub-junior female volleyball players and to compare the results with age matched Control Group. Also, compare the findings of the Indian talented sub-junior female volleyball players with that of their international standards from available literatures and to make some suggestions for the improvement of their performance level in international standard. The study was carried out in twenty (20) Indian talented sub-junior female volleyball players aged between 13 to 16 years and twenty (20) ages matched female Control Group. Physical fitness indicators of volleyball game namely strength, speed, power, agility, flexibility, muscular endurance and performance indicators namely height, weight, grip strength (left + right), back strength, block jump and spike jump were measured by their respective standard tests. Data was analyzed using Independent Sample‘t’ test by using SPSS, (Version 20.0) software. The level of significance chosen was 0.05. The results of t-test revealed that all physical fitness and performance indicators of Indian talented sub-junior female volleyball players were statistically significant in compared to their age matched Control Group but when values of the each physical fitness and performance indicators were compared to the international standards, the Indian talented sub-junior female volleyball players were behind the recommended norms for the elite international female sub-junior volleyball players. The Indian sub-junior female volleyball players have more advantages in strength, speed, power, agility, flexibility, muscular endurance, height, weight, grip strength (left + right), back strength, block jump and spike jump of physical fitness and performance indicators respectively in compared to their age matched Control Group.
Pulmonary function impairment in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema with and without airflow obstruction

Background The syndrome of combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a recently described entity associating upper-lobe emphysema and lower-lobe fibrosis. We sought to evaluate differences in pulmonary function between CPFE patients with and without airflow obstruction. Subjects and methods Thirty-one CPFE patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of irreversible airflow obstruction based on spirometry (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <70% following inhalation of a β2-agonist) as follows: CPFE patients with airflow obstruction (CPFE OB+ group, n=11), and CPFE patients without airflow obstruction (CPFE OB− group, n=20). Pulmonary function, including respiratory impedance evaluated using impulse oscillometry and dynamic hyperinflation following metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation, was retrospectively analyzed in comparison with that observed in 49 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (n=49). Results In imaging findings, low-attenuation-area scores on chest high-resolution computed tomography, representing the degree of emphysema, were significantly lower in the CPFE OB− group than in the CPFE OB+ and COPD groups. In contrast, the severity of pulmonary fibrosis was greater in the CPFE OB− group than in the CPFE OB+ group. In pulmonary function, lung hyperinflation was not apparent in the CPFE OB− group. Impairment of diffusion capacity was severe in both the CPFE OB− and CPFE OB+ groups. Impulse oscillometry showed that respiratory resistance was not apparent in the CPFE OB− group compared with the COPD group, and that easy collapsibility of small airways during expiration of tidal breath was not apparent in the CPFE OB+ group compared with the COPD group. Dynamic hyperinflation following metronome-paced incremental hyperventilation was significantly greater in the COPD group than in the CPFE OB− group, and also tended to be greater in the CPFE OB+ group than in the CPFE OB− group. Conclusion The mechanisms underlying impairment of physiological function may differ among CPFE OB+ patients, CPFE OB− patients, and COPD patients. CPFE is a heterogeneous disease, and may have distinct phenotypes physiologically and radiologically.
Calibrating a Pan-tilt Camera Head

This paper describes a method for calibrating a pan-tilt camera head. The key feature of the method is that the camera, the pan-tilt unit, and the relationship between the camera and the pan-tilt unit, are calibrated independently. This paper develops a geometric model of the pan-tilt camera head and presents procedures to estimate the values of the unknown model parameters. Target image repositioning is discussed as an application of using a calibrated pan-tilt camera head.
EA AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS BY RANDOM SAMPLING

This paper presents a thesaurus-based approach to document classification. We define a classification space based on the notion of theme vectors. For a new text, we compute its characteristic vector by considering only a sample of randomly extracted lemmas. Then, we compute the differences between this vector and the vectors in the document model and the classification of the new text is decided based on the closest vector. We introduce a family of document classifiers depending on a parameter, and present a statistical procedure to evaluate their effectiveness for different sized corpora. We show that they have statistically distinct behavior so that it makes sense to look for an optimal value of the classifier parameter. We suggest that our method can also be used in comparing different ontologies with respect to their support in document classification and that the same method can be used in assessing corpora homogeneity.
Analytical modeling for Virtualized Network Functions

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is considered one of the key technologies for the 5G mobile networks. In NFV, network functions are implemented in software components denominated Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) running on commodity hardware. In this paper, we propose an analytical model based on an open queuing network of G/G/m queues to model VNFs with several components, and chains of VNFs. Our model is flexible and generic enough to capture the behavior of such systems. We validate our model by simulation. Specifically, we validate it for an LTE virtualized Mobility Management Entity with a three-tiered architecture use case. We also compare our model with the estate of the art, in terms of computational complexity and estimation error. The results show that our model has a computational complexity similar to the method for analyzing Jackson's networks. Additionally, our model exhibits an estimation error, measured as the relative error for the estimation of the mean response time, approximately equal to 10%, whereas for the considered baseline systems it ranges roughly from 60% to 90%.
An introduced and a native vertebrate hybridize to form a genetic bridge to a second native species

The genetic impacts of hybridization between native and introduced species are of considerable conservation concern, while the possibility of reticulate evolution affects our basic understanding of how species arise and shapes how we use genetic data to understand evolutionary diversification. By using mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) sequences and 467 amplified fragment-length polymorphism nuclear DNA markers, we show that the introduced white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) has hybridized with two species native to the Colorado River Basin—the flannelmouth sucker (Catostomus latipinnis) and the bluehead sucker (Catostomus discobolus). Hybrids between the flannelmouth sucker and white sucker have facilitated introgression between the two native species, previously isolated by reproductive barriers, such that individuals exist with contributions from all three genomes. Most hybrids had the mitochondrial haplotype of the introduced white sucker, emphasizing its pivotal role in this three-way hybridization. Our findings highlight how introduced species can threaten the genetic integrity of not only one species but also multiple previously reproductively isolated species. Furthermore, this complex three-way reticulate (as opposed to strictly bifurcating) evolution suggests that seeking examples in other vertebrate systems might be productive. Although the present study involved an introduced species, similar patterns of hybridization could result from natural processes, including stream capture or geological formations (e.g., the Bering land bridge).
Design of a tubular snake-like manipulator with stiffening capability by layer jamming

This paper introduces a new mechanism for achieving tunable stiffness, named layer jamming, and presents a hollow snake-like manipulator having tunable stiffness capability. The layer jamming mechanism is composed of multiple layers of thin Mylar film, and makes use of amplified friction between the films by applying vacuum pressure. In contrast to other tunable stiffness technology, such as particle jamming or field-activated materials (MR or ER fluids), layer jamming occupies a small volume and thus can be applied to small, light weight manipulators. The snake-like manipulator presented here is composed only of Mylar film and wires, and has highly flexible and under-actuated properties without application of a vacuum; however, it becomes highly stiff when a vacuum is applied. In this paper the characteristics of layer jamming are explored: its stiffness and breaking strength are obtained both theoretically and experimentally, and a prototype manipulator is developed and experimentally characterized.
General and Abdominal Adiposity and Risk of Stroke in Chinese Women

Background and Purpose— Although both general and abdominal adiposity are well-established risk factors for coronary heart disease, their associations with stroke are less well characterized, particularly in generally lean Asian populations. Methods— We evaluated associations of body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) with stroke risk in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort study of 74 942 Chinese women aged 40 to 70 years with anthropometric measurement taken at recruitment in 1996 to 2000. For this analysis, we included 67 083 women with no prior history of stroke, coronary heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiac surgery, or cancer at recruitment. Incident stroke was ascertained by biennial home visits and linkage with vital statistics registries. Results— Cut points for the highest quintiles of BMI, WHR, WC, and WHtR among this cohort were 26.6 (kg/m2), 0.85 (cm/cm), 84.1 (cm), and 0.54 (cm/cm), respectively. During a mean follow-up of 7.3 years, 2403 incident stroke cases were identified. All selected anthropometric measurements were positively and significantly associated with risk of total, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke in a dose-response manner (all probability values for trend <0.01). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for total stroke comparing the highest versus lowest quintiles of these measurements were 1.71 (1.49 to 1.97), 1.59 (1.37 to 1.85), 1.77 (1.53 to 2.05), and 1.91 (1.61 to 2.27) for BMI, WHR, WC, and WHtR, respectively. Conclusion— Increasing levels of general or abdominal adiposity consistently predict increased risk of stroke in predominantly nonobese Chinese women.