Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regime Switches in Valuation Uncertainty Risk within IPO Markets: Implications for Intertemporal Variations in the Determination of IPO Underpricing

I find regime switches in the severity of adverse selection problems induce systematic intertemporal variations in the determination of IPO underpricing such that while increases in IPO underpricing (initial returns to IPOs) are indicative of an increase in IPO risk during periods characterized by less severe adverse selection problems, increases that occur during periods characterized by relatively severe adverse selection problems result from the hedging objectives of the representative agent who can be characterized by risk aversion. These findings imply that while intertemporal increases in initial returns to IPOs always are evidence of an increase in market risk, they are not always evidence of an increase in IPO risk; that is, less risky IPOs can be conferred with higher underpricing during periods characterized by relatively severe adverse selection problems. Consistent with hedging objectives, I find the price of market volatility risk is negative only during regimes characterized by relatively severe adverse selection problems. I also find IPO volume is not sensitive to changes in market risk only during regimes characterized by relatively severe adverse selection problems.
Acquired flatfoot in adults due to dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon.

Dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon is increasingly recognized as an etiology leading to acquired flatfoot in adults. Increased awareness of this condition during the past fifteen years has resulted in intensive study of the basic science and pathophysiology behind this clinical syndrome. New regimens for clinical assessment and treatment have been developed. Although much progress has been made in the recognition and treatment of this condition, many controversies and unanswered questions remain. This article will review the current thinking with regard to the pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and decision-making process for the treatment of this common, debilitating condition. Kulowski, in 1936, was the first, to our knowledge, to describe tenosynovitis of the posterior tibial tendon39. Almost twenty years later, Fowler discussed tibialis posterior syndrome and described a series of patients who had had operative treatment of that condition19. In 1963, Williams described the operative treatment of tenovaginitis of the posterior tibial tendon73. In 1969, Kettelkamp and Alexander reported on repair of spontaneous rupture of the posterior tibial tendon35. Little else was written regarding the problems emanating from dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon until others rekindled interest in this subject during the 1980s28,32,33,44-46. Many authors have described the progressive nature of acquired flatfoot that occurs following the onset of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon in an adult4,9,12,20,22,26,27, and a multitude of treatment regimens have been reported2,5,7,8,13,15,19,21,23,25,28,30,32,35,38,40,46,48,52,57,58 …
Impaired sustained attention and error awareness in traumatic brain injury: Implications for insight

The processes of error awareness and sustained attention were investigated in 18 traumatic brain injury (TBI) individuals and 16 matched control participants. In Experiment 1, we found that: (1) in comparison to controls, TBI participants displayed reduced sustained attention and awareness of error during the Sustained Attention to Response Task; (2) degree of error awareness was strongly correlated with sustained attention capacity, even with severity of injury partialed out; and (3) that error feedback significantly reduced errors. We replicated the finding of a correlation between error awareness and sustained attention capacity in Experiment 2 with a separate sample of 19 TBI participants and 20 controls. We conclude that TBI leads to impaired sustained attention and error awareness. The finding of a significant relationship between these two deficits in TBI suggests there may be a link between these two processes. Feedback on error improves sustained attention performance of control and TBI participants.
Resistance in Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis

Background: Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms have been increasingly reported especially to cefotaxime in treating spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Objectives: To evaluate the recent changes in the profiles of microorganisms and cefotaxime effectiveness in treating SBP in Egyptian patients and listing of other antibiotics that can be used as its treatment. Methods: 254 cirrhotic patients with clinical suspicious of ascitic fluid infection were classified according to polymorphonuclear leukocytic count and culture to the following: 50 patients (19.6%) were diagnosed as SBP (group I), 161 patients (63.3%) were diagnosed as culture negative neutrocytic ascites (group II), 2 patients (0.7%) had monomicrobial non-neutrocytic ascites (group III), and 41 patients (16.1%) had no evidence of ascitic fluid infection (group IV). Treatment with cefotaxime, as 2gm intravenously every 8 hours started for 5 days. Clinical and biochemical response to cefotaxime was assessed with alternative antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity. Results: The isolated organisms found in group I were; Escherichia coli [64%], Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase negative) [16%], Citrobacter [12%], Klebsiella [2%], Proteus [2%], Staphylococcus aureus (coagulase positive) [2%] and Enterococci [2%]. In group III, Escherichia coli was found in 2 patients. Amikacin was found to be the most sensitive antibiotic (71.1%) followed by imipenem (44.2%). While in group I the isolated organisms were sensitive to cefotaxime in (34%) and only one isolated E. coli was sensitive to cefotaxime in group II. Conclusion: Cefotaxime effectiveness in treating SBP in Egyptian patients had been decreased and failure rate reached (66%) and isolated organisms mostly in vitro sensitive to amikacin. [Hassan Hamdy; Ahmed ElBaz; Ramadan Essa; Dina Soliman. Cefotaxime Resistance in Treatment of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis. Life Sci J 2015;12(12):112-118]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 16. doi:10.7537/marslsj121215.16.
Effet de la gestion comptable et réelle des résultats sur le coût de la dette : analyse avant et après SOX

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of both accounting earnings management and real earnings management on the cost of debt. We also study the effect of Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) on the cost of debt. Based on a sample of 253 American firms for the period 1998-2006, our results show that creditors penalize firms that manage their earnings through a higher cost of debt. Moreover, our results suggest that SOX was appreciated by creditors that resulted in lower cost of debt. The analysis during the pre and post SOX reveals that the effect of the discretionary accruals on the cost of debt is more pronounced after the adoption of SOX. Finally, we found that, post SOX, managers use less accrual-based earnings management and more real earnings management activities. These opportunistic practices are detected by creditors that require higher cost of debt.
FACTORS OF PKI ADOPTION IN EUROPEAN FIRMS

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is an established technology that has been around for more than fifteen years. However, its adoption follows a very slow pace. Previous research, based either on a theoretical analysis of PKI or on specific cases of PKI implementation, has indicated several possible reasons for PKI non-adoption. In this paper we examine the effect of specific organizational factors on PKI adoption using empirical data from 14065 European firms collected through the e-Business Watch Survey of the European Commission. We have shown that it is still addressed as innovative technology that requires an innovation culture. Moreover, small and medium –sized firms are rather reluctant to adopt it and it is mostly implemented in firms with a large number of employees and tele-workers. Also, the extensive use of IS for supporting internal functions and cooperation with the external environment (e.g. customers and prospects), and the high dependence on them, are drivers of PKI adoption.
Generalized nonlinear block space time modulation with rate one

In mobile communication systems downlink channel capacity is a central issue. Recent linear techniques for space time block codes, as they are applied, eg, in UMTS systems, can be constructed for 2 antennas only, if complex symbols are used and rate one is required. The latter is important, if existing systems are to be extended with space time coding techniques, since the rest of the transmission scheme remains untouched. We describe a generalized nonlinear coding scheme, which works with any number of antenna and channel symbols. It is proved, that codes exist which yield maximal diversity gain. We also discuss methods of optimal code construction and give some explicit examples. Furthermore, performance of these codes under Rayleigh fading conditions is simulated in order to support the theoretical results.
Dispersion of infinite constellations in MIMO fading channels

In this work we extend the setting of communication without power constraint, proposed by Poltyrev, to a t × r multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fast fading channels with channel state information (radio ) at the receiver. The optimal codewords density, or actually the optimal normalized log density (NLD), is considered. Poltyrev's capacity for this channel is the highest achievable NLD, at possibly large number of channel uses, that guarantees a vanishing error probability. For a given finite number of channel uses n and a fixed error probability e, there is a gap between the highest achievable NLD and Poltyrev's capacity. As in other channels, this gap asymptotically vanishes as the square root of V over n, multiplied by the inverse Q-function of the allowed error probability ϵ, where V is the channel dispersion. Currently our results are valid for t ≤ r.
Nonconductive Films (NCFs) With Multifunctional Epoxies and Silica Fillers for Reliable NCFs Flip Chip on Organic Boards (FCOBs)

Nonconductive films (NCFs) have become one of the promising interconnection adhesives for flip-chip assembly. Because NCFs have many advantages such as low cost, easy handling, and fine-pitch application. However, effects of the material properties of NCFs on the reliability of NCFs flip-chip assemblies have not been fully understood. In this paper, effects of multifunctional epoxy and the addition of silica fillers on thermomechanical properties of cured NCFs and thermal cycling reliability of NCFs flip-chip-on-organic board (FCOB) assemblies were investigated. For the NCF materials, two kinds of thermosetting polymers, di-functional and multifunctional epoxies, and silica fillers of various contents (0 wt%, 10 wt%, and 20 wt%) were used. The curing behavior and thermomechanical properties of NCFs were measured for the NCF materials characterization. According to the results, NCFs using multifunctional epoxy had higher glass transition temperature (Tg), lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and higher storage modulus (E') in high-temperature regions than NCFs using di-functional epoxy. As the silica filler content increased, the CTE and the storage modulus of cured NCFs decreased and increased, respectively. Thermal cycling test (-40degC - 150degC, 1000 cycles) was performed to investigate effects of thermomechanical properties of cured NCFs on thermal cycling reliability of NCF FCOB assemblies. According to the results, NCF FCOB assemblies using NCFs with multifunctional epoxy had better thermal cycling reliability than those using NCFs with di-functional epoxy, and 10 wt% and 20 wt% silica added NCFs showed the best thermal cycling reliability in the electroplated Au bump application and the stud Au bump application, respectively. Consequently, thermal cycling reliability of NCFs FCOB assemblies could be enhanced with the increased Tg and the improved thermomechanical properties of NCFs by using multifunctional epoxy and the addition of silica fillers.
The site of RanGTP generation can act as an organizational cue for mitotic microtubules

Background information. RanGTP, which is generated on chromosomes during mitosis, is required for microtubule spindle assembly. Due to its restricted spatial generation within the cell it has been suggested that RanGTP acts as a spatial cue to organize site‐specific spindle assembly within the cell. However, the absence of a detectable sharp gradient of RanGTP in somatic cells has led to suggestions that it may only act as a spatial cue in large cells and that it may operate as a general activator of the mitotic cytosol in somatic cells.
Measuring and Reporting the Performance of Disease Management Programs

This product is part of the RAND Health working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND Health but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark.
Visual adaptation to interocular brightness differences induced by neutral-density filters.

PURPOSE Interocular brightness differences such as those caused by asymmetrical cataract have been found to have a minimal effect on interocular brightness matches. In the present study, the measured binocular visual response to interocular differences in retinal illuminance was measured over time. METHODS Interocular differences in retinal illuminance of magnitudes 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 log units were induced using neutral density (ND) filters under two conditions: (1) naturally mobile pupils and (2) with fixed artificial pupils (3 mm). Interocular brightness differences were quantified by measuring interocular brightness matches using the simultaneous interocular brightness sense test every 15 minutes over a 2-hour period in eight visually normal subjects. RESULTS Initial interocular brightness matches were as predicted by the induced interocular differences in retinal illuminance (P > 0.05). A significant reduction in the interocular difference in brightness was observed over time (P < 0.01). These reductions in the interocular difference in brightness over time followed a logarithmic progression reaching asymptotic values equal to the reciprocal of the square root of the interocular retinal illuminance ratio. This value is equal to the midpoint of the induced interocular difference in retinal illuminance at time 0 and that found without the introduction of the ND filters. Binocular visual adaptation to interocular brightness differences occurred with both mobile and fixed pupils. CONCLUSIONS Visual adaptation occurs in response to interocular brightness differences induced by asymmetrical ND filters. The level of visual adaptation can be predicted by Fechner's Paradox and is independent of interocular differences in pupil diameter.
Micro Flow Sensor for Microreactor

Recently, a state-of-the-art technology called a microreactor has been drawing a lot of attention in the small-lot production processes for high value added functional materials, such as pharmaceuticals and fine chemical materials. We have been focusing on this technology, and have developed a new micro flow sensor, which is one of the most important components of microreactor systems. Conventional flowmeters made of stainless-steel narrow tubes for micro flow rate applications are not applicable to micro reactor systems where corrosive liquids are used. The key feature of the developed micro flow sensor is its high resistance to corrosive liquids thanks to the use of glass for all wetted surfaces of the sensor, and arranging the sensing elements in non-wetted areas. This paper introduces the developed micro flow sensor and reports its evaluation results.
Psoriasis and systematized epidermal nevus.

Multiple lesions of psoriasis circumscribed to those of systematized epidermal nevus occurred in a 31-year-old Japanese woman. She has had extensive verrucose or hyperkeratotic, brownish lesions on the distributional areas of cutaneous sensory nerves originated from the spinal cord C6-Th4and L3-S1over the right half of her body since birth. Psoriatic lesions first appeared on the brownish lesions at the age of 7 years. Microscopic sections of the psoriatic lesion revealed the same findings as lesions of ordinary psoriasis, losing the histologic features of epidermal nevus. A definite isomorphic response was evoked not only on lesions of epidermal nevus, but also on the apparently normal skin, following a skin abrasion, although most psoriatic lesions had disappeared with parenteral methotrexate therapy.
Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse - Instrument für das strategische IT-Controlling

Unter Hinweis auf verfügbare Quellen wird eine kurze Darstellung der Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse gegeben. Es wird dann die Einbettung der Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse in eine als IT-Diagnose bezeichnete Vorgehensweise gezeigt. Anhand einer Fallstudie wird dann erläutert, wie bei einer Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse vorgegangen wird, und es werden Ergebnisse beispielhaft gezeigt. Anschließend wird über Befunde der wissenschaftlichen Begleitbeobachtung zu dieser Fallstudie sowie anderer Fallstudien berichtet. Aus der Methodenbeschreibung und den Befunden wird die Brauchbarkeit der Erfolgsfaktorenanalyse für das strategische IT-Controlling zusammenfassend beurteilt, und es werden Empfehlungen für ihre Anwendung gegeben.
Topología de transformador de estado sólido CC-CA trifásico de una sola etapa

In this paper a topology of solid state transformer, direct current to alternate current, bidirectional, isolated, single stage, based on the principle of operation of the dual active bridge converters is presented. Its operating principle is explained, and a switching strategy is presented to reduce total harmonic distortion. Finally the simulation results are shown to evaluate the performance of the converter.
Craniosynostosis in Alagille syndrome.

Alagille syndrome is a multisystem developmental disorder with primary involvement of the liver, heart, skeleton, eyes and facial structures, and demonstrates highly variable expressivity with respect to all of the involved systems. Alagille syndrome is caused by mutations in the Jagged1 gene. Jagged1 is a ligand in the Notch signaling pathway that has been shown to regulate early cell fate determination. Mutations in Jagged1 have been identified in approximately 80% of patients with Alagille syndrome. We have recently identified two patients with mutation proven Alagille syndrome who also had unilateral coronal craniosynostosis. Both individuals were screened for mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, 2, 3 and TWIST genes, all associated with various types of craniosynostosis and no mutations were identified. The finding of a conserved form of craniosynostosis in two unrelated patients with Alagille syndrome and mutations in Jagged1 may indicate that Jagged1 plays a role in cranial suture formation.
CAREER MANAGEMENT, EMPLOYEE DEVELOPMENT AND PERFORMANCE IN INDIAN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS

Employee development, a major aspect of human development, is the process through which an individual's work identity is formed. It spans one's entire lifetime. Employee development is a powerful employee motivator and retention tool, not to mention a competitive strength when it comes to attracting new talent, all of which can have a profound impact on an organization’ bottom line. Happy, satisfied workers are more productive and more likely to stick around when they believe their employers value them. Employee development is sponsored by an organization for its workers and focuses on identifying, assuring and helping evoke new insight through planned learning. This study investigates relationship between career planning, performance and employee growth and explores the alignment between individual and organization’s career planning. Data was collected through a questionnaire, which was administered to 100 employees from five Indian IT companies followed by personal interviews. It was found that career guidance, leadership roles, network building, developing new skills, taking up special assignments and receiving productive feedback from the boss play the most important role in making the career path easier and aids in the performance and employee growth. The paper discusses the results and implications for Indian IT organizations
When Good News Means Higher Risk. . .

We present a model that offers a theoretical answer to the question: 'when will an increase in a stock's price lead to higher expected returns? ' By viewing the firm as a portfolio of claims on future cash flow we relate the presence of increased expected returns to value (IRV) to the presence of significant growth options and low operating/financial leverage. We simulate a cross-section of our model firms and link the presence of IRV in the cross-section to firm-level observables such as revenue volatility, operating costs and the market-to-book ratio. Our simulated sample of firms also exhibits a modest amount of momentum profits which resides largely in firms with high IRV determinants. Conditional momentum strategies implemented on CRSP/COMPUSTAT firms are strongly supportive of our findings.
ACR11 is an Activator of Plastid-Type Glutamine Synthetase GS2 in Arabidopsis thaliana

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an important enzyme for nitrogen assimilation, and GS2, encoded by GLN2, is the only plastid-type GS in Arabidopsis thaliana. A co-expression analysis suggested that the expression level of the gene encoding a uridylyltransferase-like protein, ACR11, is strongly correlated with GLN2 expression levels. Here we showed that the recombinant ACR11 protein increased GS2 activity in vitro by reducing the Km values of its substrate glutamine. A T-DNA insertion mutant of ACR11 exhibited a reduced GS activity under low nitrate conditions and reduced glutamine levels. Biochemical analyses revealed that ACR11 and GS2 interacted both in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate that ACR11 is an activator of GS2, giving it a mechanistic role in the nitrogen assimilation of A. thaliana.
Does Investment Experience Influence Fund Investors’ Perceived Value and Purchase Intention?

Internet is now one of the most popular channels for investors to acquire investment related information. However, investors with different investment experience in mutual fund may have different perceived quality, perceived risk, and perceived value about Internet information. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationships between Internet information richness, perceived quality, perceived risk, perceived value, and purchase intention for investors with different investment experience. Using random sampling, we administered the questionnaires to investors living in Taiwan from March 1, 2013 to June 1, 2013. The research findings show that Internet information has a larger direct effect on perceived value and a larger indirect effect on purchase intention than perceived quality in Group 1 (investors with investment experience in mutual funds before), whereas perceived quality has a larger direct effect on perceived value and a larger indirect effect on purchase intention than Internet information in Group 2 (investors without investment experience in mutual fund before).