Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Personality and Differential Treatment Response in Major Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy and Pharmacotherapy

Objective: Effective treatments for major depressive disorder exist, yet some patients fail to respond, or achieve only partial response. One approach to optimizing treatment success is to identify which patients are more likely to respond best to which treatments. The objective of this investigation was to determine if patient personality characteristics are predictive of response to either cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) or pharmacotherapy (PHT). Method: Depressed patients completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, which measures the higher-order domain and lower-order facet traits of the Five-Factor Model of Personality, and were randomized to receive either CBT or PHT. Result: Four personality traits—the higher-order domain neuroticism and 3 lower-order facet traits: trust, straightforwardness, and tendermindedness—were able to distinguish a differential response rate to CBT, compared with PHT. Conclusion: The assessment of patient dimensional personality traits can assist in the selection and optimization of treatment response for depressed patients. Objectif: Il existe des traitements efficaces du trouble dépressif majeur et pourtant, des patients ne réussissent pas à y répondre, ou n'y répondent que partiellement. Une approche en vue d'optimiser la réussite du traitement consiste à identifier quels patients sont plus susceptibles de mieux répondre à quels traitements. L'objectif de cette recherche était de déterminer si les caractéristiques de la personnalité des patients prédisent la réponse à soit la thérapie cognitivo-comportementale (TCC) soit la pharmacothérapie (PHT).
MLS-SMIL for Electronic Surveillance of Facilities with Multi-Level Security Requirements 2

We propose a framework that provides controlled distribution of live multimedia data to display devices with different access permissions for physical surveillance of multi-level secure facilities. Our proposal uses cameras and microphones as input devices and handheld radio linked displays as output devices. The geographical location of an input device determines its security level and the classification of the holder determines the security level of an output device. Our objective is to respect the security classifications whereby only those guards with sufficiently security classifications receive live media streams, but during emergencies, can receive pre-computed emergency instructions and/or cover stories. That facilitates avoiding disorder and obtaining appropriate support from individuals with lower levels of clearances. We propose using SMIL (XML like) formatted, multimedia feeds including cover stories, and show how to compose necessary multimedia document, compute views for each security classification, enforce access control and deliver to handheld devices respecting both wealthy run time semantics of multimedia as well as MLS security.
Culture, communication, and the challenge of globalization

This essay deals with the problematics that globalization poses for critical communication scholarship. Globalization challenges our understanding of culture and identity in ways that both open up new directions for communication scholarship and invite a rethinking of current ones. First, we discuss how difference is unsettled and re/staged in the context of globalization. Second, we address how uneven patterns of global processes are enacted through cultural practices produced by the transnational flows of images and capital. This essay explores several areas of contemporary global growth with the overall objective of demonstrating the urgency of rethinking the study of culture in critical communication studies. One of the most important implications of globalism is simply that there is no longer a space elsewhere. This means that instead of thinking in terms of displacements, a movement elsewhere, it is important for cultural studies to think in terms of dis-location, which is the transformation of place. –Ackbar Abbas (1997, p. 312), “Cultural Studies in Postculture. ” To think globality is to think of the politics of thinking globality. –Gayatri Chakravorti Spivak (1999, p. 364), A critique of postcolonial reason.
Medically unexplained symptoms

Abstract Patients with chronic medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are frequently encountered in medical practice. Despite the distress, disability and resource utilization associated with MUS, these conditions remain poorly understood. This contribution describes a novel account of MUS that combines existing models in this area within a common explanatory framework based on cognitive psychological principles. According to the model, some MUS can be understood as distortions in bodily consciousness or control produced by the over-activation of symptom representations in memory. The primary goal of treatment is to minimize the repetitive re-allocation of attention onto symptoms that maintain this process.
Cambrian and recent morphological disparity.

We congratulate D. E. G. Briggs et al. for tackling the fascinating, difficult, and important issue of changes in the pattern of overall morphological disparity through geologic time (1). They conclude that modem disparity of arthropods is about equal to that in the Cambrian, thus controverting a widely held premise (2) that maximal disparity occurred early in the history of metazoan life and that disparity has subsequently decreased as many body plans became extinct while surviving designs stabilized through some form of genetic and developmental "locking" (often evolving great ecological diversity within surviving body plans-barnacles to lobsters among Crustacea, for example). We think, however, that a methodological error invalidates Briggs et al.'s conclusion and that the error's direction of bias affirms the opposite view that Cambrian disparity was greater. Moreoever, even if their conclusion were correct, it would support the idea of unusual speed and flexibility in Cambrian evolution followed by constraint upon fundamental anatomical change. In historical sciences, tests and experiments cannot always be ideally controlled because one must work with the available organisms that happened to evolve and because one cannot always manipulate situations to yield an optimal experimental design. Therefore, any unavoidable bias should lie in a direction that would tend to disconfirm one's preferred hypothesis. Briggs et al. attempt to falsify the hypothesis of maximal Cambrian disparity by showing that modem disparity is just as great, but their methodology artificially inflates modern disparity. Their Cambrian arthropod sample consists of 25 taxa that "allow an adequate number of characters to be coded" (1), but the modem sample includes only one chosen representative from each "of the 21 main classes or subclasses of Recent arthropods" (1). Well-fossilized Cambrian arthropods may not represent a truly random sample of those forms that swam and crawled in the Cambrian seas, but because complete sampling is not needed to measure disparity as average distance in morphospace (3, 4), there is no obvious reason to suppose that the Cambrian sample is biased with regard to morphological disparity. Ironically, the sample of Recent arthropods in the study by Briggs et al. is biased. To a first approximation, the major classes and subclasses of arthropods represent a series of coherent morphological designs. Although it may seem that each of these designs should be included in a study of disparity, a random
Gating Kinetics of Single Large-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in High Ca2+ Suggest a Two-Tiered Allosteric Gating Mechanism✪

The Ca2+-dependent gating mechanism of large-conductance calcium-activated K+ (BK) channels from cultured rat skeletal muscle was examined from low (4 μM) to high (1,024 μM) intracellular concentrations of calcium (Ca2+ i) using single-channel recording. Open probability (P o) increased with increasing Ca2+ i (K 0.5 11.2 ± 0.3 μM at +30 mV, Hill coefficient of 3.5 ± 0.3), reaching a maximum of ∼0.97 for Ca2+ i ∼ 100 μM. Increasing Ca2+ i further to 1,024 μM had little additional effect on either P o or the single-channel kinetics. The channels gated among at least three to four open and four to five closed states at high levels of Ca2+ i (>100 μM), compared with three to four open and five to seven closed states at lower Ca2+ i. The ability of kinetic schemes to account for the single-channel kinetics was examined with simultaneous maximum likelihood fitting of two-dimensional (2-D) dwell-time distributions obtained from low to high Ca2+ i. Kinetic schemes drawn from the 10-state Monod-Wyman-Changeux model could not describe the dwell-time distributions from low to high Ca2+ i. Kinetic schemes drawn from Eigen's general model for a ligand-activated tetrameric protein could approximate the dwell-time distributions but not the dependency (correlations) between adjacent intervals at high Ca2+ i. However, models drawn from a general 50 state two-tiered scheme, in which there were 25 closed states on the upper tier and 25 open states on the lower tier, could approximate both the dwell-time distributions and the dependency from low to high Ca2+ i. In the two-tiered model, the BK channel can open directly from each closed state, and a minimum of five open and five closed states are available for gating at any given Ca2+ i. A model that assumed that the apparent Ca2+-binding steps can reach a maximum rate at high Ca2+ i could also approximate the gating from low to high Ca2+ i. The considered models can serve as working hypotheses for the gating of BK channels.
Caching Placement in Stochastic Wireless Caching Helper Networks: Channel Selection Diversity via Caching

Content delivery success in wireless caching helper networks depends mainly on cache-based channel selection diversity and network interference. For given channel fading and network geometry, both channel selection diversity and network interference dynamically vary according to what and how the caching helpers cache at their finite storage space. We study probabilistic content placement (or caching placement) to desirably control cache-based channel selection diversity and network interference in a stochastic wireless caching helper network, with sophisticated considerations of wireless fading channels, interactions among multiple users, such as interference and loads at caching helpers, and arbitrary memory size. Using stochastic geometry, we derive optimal caching probabilities in the closed form to maximize the average success probability of content delivery and propose an efficient algorithm to find the solution in a noise-limited network. In an interference-limited network, based on a lower bound of the average success probability of content delivery, we find near-optimal caching probabilities in the closed form to control the channel selection diversity and the network interference. We numerically verify that the proposed content placement is superior to other comparable content placement strategies.
Regulation of a xenobiotic sulfonation cascade by nuclear pregnane X receptor (PXR)

The nuclear receptor PXR (pregnane X receptor) protects the body from hepatotoxicity of secondary bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) by inducing expression of the hydroxylating cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP3A and promoting detoxification. We found that activation of PXR also increases the activity and gene expression of the phase II conjugating enzyme dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase (STD) known to sulfate LCA to facilitate its elimination. This activation is direct and appears to extend to other xenobiotic sulfotransferases as well as to 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (PAPSS2), an enzyme that generates the donor cofactor for the reaction. Because sulfation plays an important role in the metabolism of many xenobiotics, prescription drugs, and toxins, we propose that PXR serves as a master regulator of the phase I and II responses to facilitate rapid and efficient detoxification and elimination of foreign chemicals.
Neural cell adhesion molecule regulates cell contact-mediated changes in choline acetyltransferase activity of embryonic chick sympathetic neurons

E10 chick sympathetic ganglion cells display a cell contact-dependent rise in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) specific activity over the first several days in culture. This effect can be mimicked by addition of crude membrane fractions prepared from E10 retina and adult chicken brain, but not by those from E10 brain. The effects of both cell-cell and membrane-cell contact are inhibited by the addition of anti-NCAM Fab fragments. The membranes capable of increasing ChAT and those which are ineffective all contain NCAM, however their relative levels of NCAM polysialic acid differ. Whereas membranes with high polysialic acid NCAM are ineffective, selective enzymatic removal of polysialic acid renders them capable of producing an increase in ChAT. The inhibition of NCAM-mediated adhesion produced by Fab fragments can be compensated for by addition of wheat germ agglutinin, but only with membranes whose NCAM has low levels of polysialic acid. Taken together, these data suggest that NCAM can regulate cell contact-mediated increases in ChAT activity. We propose that NCAM-mediated adhesion promotes contact between cell membranes to allow the transmission of an otherwise NCAM- independent signal. In addition, NCAM's polysialic acid moiety appears to influence the ability of cells to transmit this signal, even in the presence of an alternative adhesion mechanism.
Effectiveness of environmental education on water: connectedness to nature, environmental attitudes and environmental knowledge

What shapes the state of connectedness to nature, pro-environmental attitudes and environmental knowledge amongst children aged 9–13? According to developmental psychology literature, at approximately the age of 11 and/or with the onset of puberty, we can expect children to transition from a developmental to more advanced stage. Equally, environmental psychologists maintain that there are three distinct cognitive knowledge dimensions, which are necessary for sustainable actions: system, action-related and effectiveness knowledge, and that these dimensions should be deliberately considered in the planning and experience of educational initiatives, including in relation to participants’ readiness to take action. This study examines the implications of such considerations about ‘ages and stages’ for environmental education and educators, through a quasi-experimental evaluation of a four-day environmental education programme, ‘Water in Life – Life in Water’, offered at a German (Bavarian) school field centre. Quantitative programme evaluation techniques, including pre-, postand retention questionnaires, were used to examine its effectiveness in relation to the aforementioned dimensions, with 200 children aged 9–10 years and 11–13 years. The participants’ connectedness to nature was measured using the INS scale (Inclusion of Nature in Self), while environmental attitudes were determined based on the 2-MEV model and its subscales preservation and utilisation (Two Major Environmental Values), along with three knowledge scales newly developed for the study. The key findings were as follows: (1) Younger pupils initially showed a stronger connectedness to nature and stronger pro-environmental attitudes than older pupils. (2) For both age groups, the environmental education programme was equally effective over the short-term; however, it was more effective for the younger students six weeks after participation with regard to connectedness and attitudes (Liefländer et al. 2013; Liefländer and Bogner 2014). (3) Environmental knowledge increased and persisted in both age groups (Liefländer et al. forthcoming). These findings underscore the importance of considering ‘ages and stages’ of programme participants in programme planning and implementation. General conclusions from this study include that for children under 11, it is advisable to concentrate on enhancing nature connectedness and pro-environmental attitudes by providing direct, positive nature encounters. In addition, focusing topics on more complex environmental knowledge or environment-conscious action and decisionmaking is better suited to 11–13 year olds.
The expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 is high in human adipose tissue, reduced by weight loss, and correlates with adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and markers of liver dysfunction.

CONTEXT We have previously identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), an enzyme involved in the protection against oxidative stress, as a gene predominantly expressed in human adipocytes. Studies in mice deficient in NQO1 activity suggest that NQO1 may also play an important role in metabolism. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the expression and regulation of NQO1 in human adipose tissue (AT) and isolated adipocytes. PATIENTS AND RESULTS The high expression of NQO1 in adipocytes was verified in human adipocytes and AT by real-time PCR. DNA microarray analysis showed that NQO1 was expressed at higher levels in large compared with small adipocytes, isolated from the same fat biopsy. Furthermore, NQO1 mRNA levels were positively correlated with adipocyte size (n = 7; P < 0.002). During an 18-wk diet regime (n = 24; mean weight loss 27 kg), the NQO1 expression in human sc AT was down-regulated (P < 0.0001), and mRNA levels correlated with body mass index (P = 0.0005), sc, and total abdominal AT areas, as determined by computerized tomography (P < 0.0001, both) and metabolic parameters. NQO1 mRNA levels were also positively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.0028) and alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.0219), markers known to be associated with severity of hepatic steatosis. CONCLUSIONS NQO1 is highly expressed in human AT, particularly in large adipocytes. AT NQO1 expression is reduced during diet-induced weight loss, and the expression levels positively correlate with adiposity, glucose tolerance, and markers of liver dysfunction. Together, these findings indicate a role for NQO1 in the metabolic complications of human obesity.
Late-Night Comedy as a Gateway to Traditional News: An Analysis of Time Trends in News Attention Among Late-Night Comedy Viewers During the 2004 Presidential Primaries

Recent reports published by the Pew Research Center for the People and the Press (2000, 2004) propose that young audiences are abandoning traditional news as a source of election information in favor of late-night comedy programs. However, additional evidence (Young & Tisinger, 2006) suggests that exposure to late-night comedy programming is positively correlated with traditional news exposure. This study extends this body of research by offering evidence that exposure to late-night comedy is associated with increases in attention paid to the presidential campaign in national network and cable news. The analysis uses data collected via the National Annenberg Election Survey during the 2004 presidential primary season, between October 30, 2003, and June 4, 2004. Cross-sectional results demonstrate that viewers of late-night comedy programs—specifically viewers of The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Late Show with David Letterman, as well as Comedy Central's The Daily Show with Jon Stewart—pay more attention to the campaign in national network and cable news than nonviewers, controlling for a variety of factors. An analysis of time trends also reveals that the rate of increase in news attention over the course of the primary season is greater for viewers of Leno or Letterman than for those who do not watch any late-night comedy.
The Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). The prognostic effect of PH in high‐risk patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of TAVI in patients with PH and to determine the effect of TAVI on PH.
Methodologic considerations for spiral k‐space functional MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging has recently been developed as a tool to image brain function based on regional changes in blood oxygenation. In this article, we examine the methodologic considerations for functional brain mapping using the spiral k‐space acquisition technique. Gradient design and image reconstruction methods as well as considerations for the selection of imaging parameters are presented. Several sources of image artifacts, along with artifact compensation strategies, are examined. Functional maps of activation in primary motor cortex are usd to demonstrate the effect of image parameter selection and of artifact compensation procedures. These results demonstrate that the spiral k‐space acquisition technique is a rapid, flexible, and robust method for imaging brain activity.
Work and leisure in higher education

Higher education is commonly described as offering combinations of work and leisure, but the implied relationship is often limited. Different conceptions of leisure, especially leisure as pleasurable experience, raise new possibilities for seeing academic activity itself as leisure in several important senses. The importance of identifying pleasure as a necessary component of work and politics is discussed. Several more specific approaches to try to understand such pleasures are reviewed: Cultural Studies approaches, the work of Bourdieu on taste, and some recent work in the Sociology of Leisure.
A method of Chinese document expression for extracting formal context

As a kind of data model, a formal context must be extracted from some actual data sources such as documents. For case of unstructured Chinese document, it is the first question to decide how to express the document. Vector space model (VSM) which is the dominant model of document expression now takes a single word as a feature item, so that neglects the lexical semantic relationship between words in a natural language, thereby it cannot show the semantic information implied in the documents. This paper discusses an improved method which is to take Hownet as knowledge base, to establish the concept vector space of Chinese document by using the set of similar word set to replace the single feature word in VSM. This method is convenient to extract a formal context according to the threshold made by users, and how to apply it is illustrated by an example.
Measuring Sprawl and Its Impacts

Across the nation, the debate over metropolitan sprawl and its impacts continues decade after decade. To elevate the debate, a decade ago, researchers developed compactness/sprawl indices for metropolitan areas and counties that have been widely used in health and other research. In this study, we develop refined compactness/sprawl indices based on definitions and procedures in earlier studies by Ewing and colleagues and validate them against transportation outcomes. The indices are being made available to researchers who wish to study the causes, costs and benefits, and solutions to sprawl and to practitioners who wish to check their community’s success in containing sprawl.