Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Distribution Function of the Phase Sum as a Signature of Phase Correlations Induced by Nonlinear Gravitational Clustering

We explore the signature of phase correlations in Fourier modes of dark matter density fields induced by nonlinear gravitational clustering. We compute the distribution function of the phase sum of the Fourier modes, θ + θ + θ, for triangle wavevectors satisfying 1 +2 +3 = 0 and compare with the analytic prediction in perturbation theory recently derived by one of the authors of this paper. Using a series of cosmological N-body simulations, we extensively examine the time evolution and the dependence on the configuration of triangles and the sampling volume. Overall, we find that the numerical results are remarkably consistent with the analytic formula from the perturbation theory. Interestingly, the validity of the perturbation theory at a scale k corresponding to the wavevector is determined by P(k)/Vsamp, the ratio of the power spectrum P(k) and the sampling volume Vsamp, not by k3P(k), as in the case of conventional cosmological perturbation theory. Consequently, these statistics of phase correlations are sensitive to the size of the sampling volume itself. This feature does not show up in more conventional cosmological statistics, including the one-point density distribution function and the two-point correlation functions, except as a sample-to-sample variation. Similarly, if the sampling volume size Vsamp is fixed, the stronger phase correlation emerges first at the wavevector for which P(k) becomes largest, i.e., in linear regimes according to the standard cosmological perturbation theory, while the distribution of the phase sum stays fairly uniform in nonlinear regimes. The above feature can be naturally understood from the corresponding density structures in real space, as we discuss in detail.
MTDH is an oncogene in multiple myeloma, which is suppressed by Bortezomib treatment

Metadherin (MTDH) is identified as an oncogene in multiple cancers including breast cancer, bladder cancer and endometrial cancer. However, the function of MTDH in multiple myeloma (MM) is still unexplored. In this study, we disclose that MTDH is an oncogene in MM. This is characterized by an elevation mRNA level of MTDH and chromosomal gain of MTDH locus in MM cells compared to normal samples. Moreover, MTDH expression significantly increased in MMSET translocation (MS) subgroup, one of the high-risk subgroups in MM, and was significantly correlated with MM patients' poor outcomes in Total Therapy 2 (TT2) cohort. Further knockdown of MTDH expression by shRNA in MM cells induced cell apoptosis, inhibited MM cells growth in vitro and decreased xenograft tumor formation in vivo. Interestingly, opposite to TT2, MM patients with high-MTDH expression showed favorable survival outcomes in the TT3 cohort, while Bortezomib treatment was the major difference between TT2 and TT3 cohort. Furthermore we proved that Bortezomib suppressed pre- and post-transcription levels of MTDH expression of MM cells in vitro and in vivo. Finally, our studies demonstrated that MTDH is a transcriptional gene of MMSET/NFκB /MYC signaling in MM cells, which is inhibited by Bortezomib treatment.
Distributed Bitcoin Account Management

Bitcoin is a kind of novel distributed electronic cash free of any governmental influence and supervision. Its irreversibility, pseudonymity and unforgeability have made great developmental leaps in means of payment and investment management. However, when the application of the means of payment is applied in small and medium-sized enterprises or companies, bitcoin lacks the mechanism to be jointly managed. We propose a Distributed Bitcoin Account Management (DBAM) framework that realizes joint management of bitcoin accounts applied especially to enterprises and companies. The framework incorporates secret sharing and attribute based encryption schemes compatible with the existing bitcoin protocols. Each bitcoin account achieves fine-grained management of participants and prevents the private key from being unexpectedly recovered. Thorough analyses show that our framework is secure, practical and effective.
Signaling with Homeoprotein Transcription Factors in Development and Throughout Adulthood

The concept of homeoprotein transduction as a novel signaling pathway has dramatically evolved since it was first proposed in 1991. It is now well established in several biological systems from plants to mammals. In this review, the different steps that have led to this unexpected observation are recalled and the developmental and physiological models that have allowed us (and a few others) to consolidate the original hypothesis are described. Because homeoprotein signaling is active in plants and animals it is proposed that it has predated the separation between animals and plants and is thus very ancient. This may explain why the basic phenomenon of homeoprotein transduction is so minimalist, requiring no specific receptors or transduction pathways beside those offered by mitochondria, organelles present in all eukaryotic cells. Indeed complexity has been added in the course of evolution and the conservation of homeoprotein transduction is discussed in the context of its synergy with bona fide signaling mechanism that may have added robustness to this primitive cell communication device. The same synergy possibly explains why homeoprotein signaling is important both in embryonic development and in adult functions fulfilled by signaling entities (e.g. growth factors) themselves active throughout development and in the adult. The cell biological mechanism of homeoprotein transfer is also discussed. Although it is clear that many questions are still in want of precise answers, it appears that the sequences responsible both for secretion and internalization are in the DNA-binding domain and very highly conserved among most homeoproteins. On this basis, it is proposed that this signaling pathway is likely to imply as many as 200 proteins that participate in a myriad of developmental and physiological pathways.
Annual change in spirometric parameters among patients affected in Bhopal gas disaster: A retrospective observational study

Background: The involvement of respiratory system due to inhalation of methyl isocyanate (MIC) during Bhopal gas disaster was particularly severe. We retrospectively evaluated the annual changes in spirometric parameters among those who were affected in this disaster (exposed survivors) and had respiratory symptoms. Materials and Methods: Spirometry reports of exposed survivors that were carried out in our institution were retrospectively reviewed and we identified 252 subjects who had performed spirometry at least twice with interval of more than one year. The annual changes in spirometric indices of them were calculated. Results: The average age of study population was 55.7 years and 72% were male. Annual decline of FEV1 ≥ 40 ml/yr was observed among 48% exposed survivors. The mean annual decline of FEV1 among symptomatic exposed survivors with initial normal spirometry was 91 ml (95% CI: 52 ml to 130 ml) and this was more than the patients with initial obstructive pattern. Among fifty four patients with initial normal spirometry, ten patients (18.5%) developed obstructive and two patients (5%) developed restrictive lung function abnormalities during follow up spirometry. Conclusion: The exposed survivors with chronic respiratory symptoms had accelerated decline in lung function and they are at higher risk of developing obstructive lung function.
Viewing Complex, Dynamic Scenes “Through the Eyes” of Another Person: The Gaze-Replay Paradigm

We present a novel “Gaze-Replay” paradigm that allows the experimenter to directly test how particular patterns of visual input—generated from people’s actual gaze patterns—influence the interpretation of the visual scene. Although this paradigm can potentially be applied across domains, here we applied it specifically to social comprehension. Participants viewed complex, dynamic scenes through a small window displaying only the foveal gaze pattern of a gaze “donor. ” This was intended to simulate the donor’s visual selection, such that a participant could effectively view scenes “through the eyes” of another person. Throughout the presentation of scenes presented in this manner, participants completed a social comprehension task, assessing their abilities to recognize complex emotions. The primary aim of the study was to assess the viability of this novel approach by examining whether these Gaze-Replay windowed stimuli contain sufficient and meaningful social information for the viewer to complete this social perceptual and cognitive task. The results of the study suggested this to be the case; participants performed better in the Gaze-Replay condition compared to a temporally disrupted control condition, and compared to when they were provided with no visual input. This approach has great future potential for the exploration of experimental questions aiming to unpack the relationship between visual selection, perception, and cognition.
NEW DIRECTIONS IN COMPOSITION RESEARCH

This book collects twenty articles by thirty nine authors report ing on composition research of the last several years. It is the first volume in a projected series by Guilford titled Perspectives in Writing Research. Forthcoming titles include Writing Blocks, Protocol Analysis, and Writing In Nonacademic Situations. The series editors, Linda S. Flower and John R. Hayes, remark in a foreword to the present volume, "In this series, we will attempt to present the best new research on reading and writing, drawn from diverse fields, in a form that is useful to teachers as well as researchers. We hope that the volumes in the series can serve as core readings in upper-class and graduate courses. " The question of the book's utility seems to me worth addressing. To whom is it likely to prove useful and for what purposes? First, however, a description of the book's contents and methods is in order. New Directions in Composition Research1 is divided into four sections, each presenting five essays. The sections are "Research Methods," "The Composing Process," 'The Writing Situation," and 'The Instructional Context. " These divisions are not unreasonable, but they are more for convenience than to signal any very clear distinctions between the essays in the various sections. The book might just as easily have been divided along other lines, for example, the age of the writers in the writing situation studied. The truth of the matter is that these articles were written individually, several orgi nally for contexts other than this book, and illuminate each other only
Security in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) and corresponding applications greatly beneﬁt from the proliferation of energy-aware embedded systems. Various application scenarios have successfully shown that the usage of sensor network technology is applicable in diﬀerent domains. At the same time, the need for security solutions is rising. This includes mechanisms for secure management and control, e.g. routing and software management, as well as for data communication. Similarly, the demand for higher availability including the protection against attacks and misbehaving nodes emerged. Security architectures have been proposed to address these requirements. All these solutions are based on cryptographic algorithms and appropriate key management and key distribution solutions. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview to state-of-the-art key management and key distribution techniques. Additionally, a classiﬁcation of key management and key distribution solutions is provided
New Approach for the Application of Shunt Capacitors to the Primary Distribution Feeders

This paper deals with the application of permanent shunt capacitors to primary distribution feeders. Two distinct optimization techniques have been developed for selection of capacitor size and location depending on the location of the additional loads that can be served with the capacitors present. The objective cost function minimized includes revenues due to energy loss reduction in the feeder and released kVA at the substation. The minimization is subject to voltage drop constraints. These techniques have been applied to a typical rural distribution zone in Egypt and the results are briefly summarized.
The Shape of Spectral Breaks in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows

Gamma-ray burst afterglows are well described by synchrotron emission from relativistic blast waves expanding into an external medium. The blast wave is believed to amplify the magnetic field and accelerate the electrons into a power-law distribution of energies promptly behind the shock. These electrons then cool both adiabatically and by emitting synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation. The resulting spectra are known to consist of several power-law segments, which smoothly join at certain break frequencies. Here, we give a complete description of all possible spectra under those assumptions and find that there are five possible regimes, depending on the ordering of the break frequencies. The flux density is calculated by integrating over all of the contributions to a given photon arrival time from all of the shocked region using the Blandford & McKee solution. This allows us to calculate more accurate expressions for the value of these break frequencies and describe the shape of the spectral breaks around them. This also provides the shape of breaks in the light curves caused by the passage of a break frequency through the observed band. These new, more exact, estimates are different from more simple calculations by typically a factor of a few, and they describe some new regimes that were previously ignored.
Implicit positioning using compass sensor data

In this paper, we present Implicit Positioning -- an approach to recognize the indoor area where a person is, such as a specific corridor or corner. Implicit Positioning adapts to its user by automatically finding, learning, and recognizing patterns in data from a smartphone's compass sensor. These patterns model characteristics of the areas the person walked through, such as the direction the person headed, and can be understood as Implicit Positions. Implicit Positioning neither relies on user feedback nor on additional infrastructure, digital maps or war-driving. All the person needs to do is carry a smartphone. To evaluate our approach, we collected data from smartphones carried by a test person in different positions. The test person covered a distance of 17.4 km in two different buildings. When taking a path for the second time, patterns were already being correctly recognized with an accuracy of up to 87.8%.
Collaborative Knowledge Engineering: Socialising Expert Systems

Social software such as Wikis and WebLogs have enabled global knowledge sharing communities to emerge. As with most of the current Web content, the knowledge captured is for human consumption only and too unstructured to allow automated reasoning. On the other hand, while sharing and reuse of knowledge are often the goal behind the development of a knowledge base or ontology, there is still currently little support even at the level of a version control system that notifies users when a module being checked-in has been edited by someone else. A collaborative learning approach is introduced which extends a combined rule and case based knowledge acquisition technique known as multiple classification ripple down rules to allow multiple users to view, define and refine a knowledge base over time and space.
Partial redesign of Java software systems based on clone analysis

Code duplication, plausibly caused by copying source code and slightly modifying it, is often observed in large systems. Clone detection and documentation have been investigated by several researchers in past years. Recently, research focus has shifted towards the investigation of software and process restructuring actions based on clone detection. The paper presents a new redesign approach developed for Java software systems. The approach factorizes the common parts of cloned methods and parameterizes their differences using the strategy design pattern. The new entities created by such transformations are also decoupled from the original contexts of their use, thus facilitating reuse and increasing maintainability. The applicability and automation of the technique presented in the paper have been verified by partially redesigning JDK 1.1. 5.
RNAsoft: a suite of RNA secondary structure prediction and design software tools

DNA and RNA strands are employed in novel ways in the construction of nanostructures, as molecular tags in libraries of polymers and in therapeutics. New software tools for prediction and design of molecular structure will be needed in these applications. The RNAsoft suite of programs provides tools for predicting the secondary structure of a pair of DNA or RNA molecules, testing that combinatorial tag sets of DNA and RNA molecules have no unwanted secondary structure and designing RNA strands that fold to a given input secondary structure. The tools are based on standard thermodynamic models of RNA secondary structure formation. RNAsoft can be found online at http://www.RNAsoft. ca.
TREC 2003 QA at BBN: Answering Definitional Questions

For definitional QA, we adopted a hybrid approach that combines several complementary technology components. Information retrieval (IR) was used to retrieve from the corpus the relevant documents for each question. Various linguistic and extraction tools were used to analyze the retrieved texts and to extract various types of kernel facts from which the answer to the question is generated. These tools include name finding, parsing, co-reference resolution, proposition extraction, relation extraction and extraction of structured patterns. All text analysis functions except structured pattern extraction were carried out by Serif, a state of the art information extraction engine (Ramshaw, et al, 2001) from BBN.
Mechanism-based inhibition of CYPs and RMs-induced hepatoxicity by rutaecarpine

Abstract 1. Rutaecarpine, a quinolone alkaloid isolated from the unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, is one of the main active components used in a variety of clinical applications, including the treatment of hypertension and arrhythmia. However, its hepatotoxicity has also been reported in recent years. 2. Reactive metabolites (RMs) play a vital role in drug-induced liver injury. Rutaecarpine has a secondary amine structure that may be activated to RMs. The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibition of rutaecarpine on CYPs and explore the possible relationship between RMs and potential hepatotoxicity. 3. A cell counting kit-8 cytotoxicity assay indicated that rutaecarpine can decrease the primary rat hepatocyte viability, increase lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species, reduce JC-1, and cause cell stress and membrane damage. The indexes were significantly restored by adding ABT, an inhibitor of CYPs. A cocktail assay showed that CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 can be inhibited by rutaecarpine in human liver microsomes. The IC50 values of CYP1A2 with and without NADPH were 2.2 and 7.4 μM, respectively, which presented a 3.3 shift. The results from a metabolic assay indicated that three mono-hydroxylated metabolites and two di-hydroxylated metabolites were identified and two GSH conjugates were also trapped. 4. Rutaecarpine can inhibit the activities of CYPs and exhibit a potential mechanism-based inhibition on CYP1A2. RMs may cause herb–drug interactions, providing important information for predicting drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
Software-engineering research revisited

The author discusses three major changes that he suggests are occurring as a result of the software engineering industry adopting the industry-as-laboratory approach, in which researchers identify problems through close involvement with industrial projects and create and evaluate solutions in an almost indivisible research activity. This approach emphasizes what people actually do or can do in practice, rather than what is possible in principle. The three changes are a greater reliance on empirical definition of problems, an emphasis on real case studies, and a greater emphasis on contextual issues. <<ETX>>
Repetitive Control for Single Link Flexible Manipulators

This paper proposes a new method for effective control of single link flexible manipulators. Dynamic models of these arms are complex because their mass is distributed along the link. Then control systems of these arms are usually complicate because they include complex observers, or some kind of inversion of these high order dynamics. We propose here a simple controller for these arms, based on a relatively new control technique called repetitive control. In order to apply this technique here, the dynamics of the arm has to be modified in such way that all the vibration modes have to be multiple of a basic frequency. This can be easily achieved by attaching some small masses at some points of the link. After repetitive control may be applied. The resulting controller is very simple, it is easy to tune, and only needs feedback of two signals: motor angle and torque measured by a strain gauge placed on the base of the arm. Simulations carried on a standard flexible arm show the effectiveness of our method.
XMM-Newton spectroscopy of the metal depleted T Tauri star TWA 5

We present results of X-ray spectroscopy for TWA 5, a member of the young TW Hydrae association, observed with XMM-Newton . TWA 5 is a multiple system which shows H α emission, a signature typical of classical T Tauri stars, but no infrared excess. From this analysis of the RGS and EPIC spectra, we have derived the emission measure distribution vs. temperature of the X-ray emitting plasma, its abundances, and the electron density. The characteristic temperature and density of the plasma suggest a corona similar to that of weak-line T Tauri stars and active late-type main sequence stars. TWA 5 also shows low iron abundance (~0.1 times the solar photospheric one) and a pattern of increasing abundances for elements with increasing first ionization potential reminiscent of the inverse FIP effect observed in highly active stars. The especially high ratio ${\rm Ne/Fe}\sim10$ is similar to that of the classical T Tauri star TW Hya, where the accreting material has been held responsible for the X-ray emission. We discuss the possible role of an accretion process in this scenario. Since all T Tauri stars in the TW Hydrae association studied so far have very high ${\rm Ne/Fe}$ ratios, we also propose that environmental conditions may cause this effect.
The Distinction between Linguistic and Conceptual Semantics in Medical Terminology and its Implication for NLP-Based Knowledge Acquisition

Abstract Natural language understanding systems have to exploit various kinds of knowledge in order to represent the meaning behind texts. Getting this knowledge in place is often such a huge enterprise that it is tempting to look for systems that can discover such knowledge automatically. We describe how the distinction between conceptual and linguistic semantics may assist in reaching this objective, provided that distinguishing between them is not done too rigorously. We present several examples to support this view and argue that in a multilingual environment, linguistic ontologies should be designed as interfaces between domain conceptualizations and linguistic knowledge bases.