Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying risk for massive transfusion in the relatively normotensive patient: utility of the prehospital shock index.

BACKGROUND In the prehospital environment, the failure of medical providers to recognize latent physiologic derangement in patients with compensated shock may risk undertriage. We hypothesized that the shock index (SI; heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure [SBP]), when used in the prehospital setting, could facilitate the identification of such patients. The objective of this study was to assess the association between the prehospital SI and the risk of massive transfusion (MT) in relatively normotensive blunt trauma patients. METHODS Admissions to a Level I trauma center between January 2000 and October 2008 with blunt mechanism of injury and prehospital SBP>90 mm Hg were identified. Patients were categorized by SI, calculated for each patient from prehospital vital signs. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for requiring MT (>10 red blood cell units within 24 hours of admission) were calculated using SI>0.5 to 0.7 (normal range) as the referent for all comparisons. RESULTS A total of 8,111 patients were identified, of whom 276 (3.4%) received MT. Compared with patients with normal SI, there was no significant increased risk for MT for patients with a SI of ≤0.5 (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.90-2.21) or>0.7 to 0.9 (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.77-1.45). However, a significantly increased risk for MT was observed for patients with SI>0.9. Specifically, patients with SI>0.9 to 1.1 were observed to have a 1.5-fold increased risk for MT (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.13-2.31). Further increases in SI were associated with incrementally higher risks for MT, with an more than fivefold increase in patients with SI>1.1 to 1.3 (RR, 5.57; 95% CI, 3.74-8.30) and an eightfold risk in patients with SI>1.3 (RR, 8.13; 95% CI, 4.60-14.36). CONCLUSION Prehospital SI>0.9 identifies patients at risk for MT who would otherwise be considered relatively normotensive under current prehospital triage protocols. The risk for MT rises substantially with elevation of SI above this level. Further evaluation of SI in the context of trauma system triage protocols is warranted to analyze whether it triage precision might be augmented among blunt trauma patients with SBP>90 mm Hg.
Monotone Multigrid Methods Based on Parametric 2 Finite Elements 3

In this paper, a particular technique for the application of elementary multilevel 8 ideas to problems with warped boundaries is studied in the context of the numerical simulation 9 of elastic contact problems. Combining a general multilevel setting with a different perspec10 tive, namely an advanced geometric modeling point of view, we present a (monotone) multi11 grid method based on a hierarchy of parametric finite element spaces. For the construction, a 12 full-dimensional parameterization of high order is employed which accurately represents the 13 computational domain. 14
Psychiatric comorbidity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: findings from multiplex families.

OBJECTIVE Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity were assessed in adults with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) identified through a genetic study of families containing multiple children with ADHD. METHOD Lifetime ADHD and comorbid psychopathology were assessed in 435 parents of children with ADHD. Rates and mean ages at onset of comorbid psychopathology were compared in parents with lifetime ADHD, parents with persistent ADHD, and those without ADHD. Age-adjusted rates of comorbidity were compared with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Logistic regression was used to assess additional risk factors for conditions more frequent in ADHD subjects. RESULTS The parents with ADHD were significantly more likely to be unskilled workers and less likely to have a college degree. ADHD subjects had more lifetime psychopathology; 87% had at least one and 56% had at least two other psychiatric disorders, compared with 64% and 27%, respectively, in non-ADHD subjects. ADHD was associated with greater disruptive behavior, substance use, and mood and anxiety disorders and with earlier onset of major depression, dysthymia, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Group differences based on Kaplan-Meier age-corrected risks were consistent with those for raw frequency distributions. Male sex added risk for disruptive behavior disorders. Female sex and oppositional defiant disorder contributed to risk for depression and anxiety. ADHD was not a significant risk factor for substance use disorders when male sex, disruptive behavior disorders, and socioeconomic status were controlled. CONCLUSIONS Adult ADHD is associated with significant lifetime psychiatric comorbidity that is not explained by clinical referral bias.
The integrated management for renal replacement therapy in Portugal

Portugal was the first European country to introduce an integrated management of end‐stage renal disease (IM ESRD). This new program integrates various dialysis services and products, which are reimbursed at a fixed rate/patient/week called “comprehensive price payment. ” This initiative restructured the delivery of dialysis services, the monitoring of outcomes, and the funding of renal replacement therapy. This article described the implementation of a new model of comprehensive provision of hemodialysis (HD) services and aimed to assess its impact on dialysis care. Quality assessments and reports of patient satisfaction, produced by the Ministry of Health since 2008, as well as national registries and reports, provided the data for this review. Indicators of HD services in all continental facilities show positive results that have successively improved along the period of 2009–2011, in spite of an average annual growth of 3% of the population under HD treatment. Mortality rates for HD patients were 12.7%, 12%, and 11%, respectively in 2009, 2010, and 2011; annual hospitalization rates were 4.9%, 3.8%, and 4.4% for the same years; key performance indicators showed averages above the reference values such as hemoglobin, serum phosphorus, eKt/V, water quality, number of days of hospitalization per patient per year, and number of weekly dialysis sessions. The financing analysis of IM ESRD demonstrates a sustained control of global costs, without compromising quality. The IM ERSD program is an innovative and quality‐driven approach that benefits both dialysis patients and providers, contributing toward the rationalization of service provision and the efficient use of resources.
THE PERSISTENCE OF NEW JERSEY'S OYSTER SEEDBEDS IN THE PRESENCE OF OYSTER DISEASE AND HARVEST: THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT

New Jersey's Delaware Bay oyster fishery developed along a pathway common to many fisheries. Perennially large harvests led to depletion of the oyster resource, which led to increasing, but ineffective, harvest restrictions and cumbersome management. In the 1950s, two events altered the management structure. In the beginning of the decade, a university researcher dedicated himself to having oystermen and the state regulatory agency use information from research and monitoring programs directly in their decision making. He achieved limited success until a previously unknown oyster disease, eventually called MSX, occurred that threatened to drive the oyster fishery to extinction. The presence of MSX led oyster harvesters to become dependent on the information provided by the university. In addition, the regulatory agency and its regulations had to be responsive to short-term changes in the intensity and prevalence of disease. A tripartite management structure developed in which: 1) the oystermen, researchers, and state regulatory agency acted cooperatively and 2) flexible guidelines were developed that could respond to annual variation in oyster abundance and disease. Several aspects of this management arrangement could prove useful in other fisheries.
Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Intravenous Cyclosporine Treatment for Cardioprotection During Resuscitation of Asphyxiated Newborn Piglets

Objectives: Cyclosporine treatment, as a single intravenous bolus, during resuscitation has been shown to attenuate myocardial injury in asphyxiated newborn piglets. However, the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine treatment for cardioprotection in newborns has not been studied. We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous cyclosporine treatment during resuscitation of asphyxiated newborn piglets and compare these parameters with healthy newborn piglets. Design: Newborn piglets were acutely instrumented and normocapnic alveolar hypoxia was induced for 2 hours followed by 4 hours of reoxygenation. Piglets were block-randomized to receive a single intravenous bolus of cyclosporine (2.5–25 mg/kg) (n = 8 per group). Eight piglets underwent no hypoxia–reoxygenation and received 10 mg/kg cyclosporine at the corresponding time point. Plasma cyclosporine and troponin concentrations during reoxygenation period were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Noncompartmental methods were used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Cyclosporine concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Setting: University animal laboratory. Subjects: Piglets (1–4 days old, weighing 1.4–2.5 kg). Interventions: Intravenous cyclosporine (2.5, 10, or 25 mg/kg) given during resuscitation. Measurements and Main Results: In the hypoxic-reoxygenated piglets, the plasma AUC0–4 hrs and Cmax of cyclosporine at reoxygenation were in the following rank order: 25 > 10 > 2.5 mg/kg treatment (p < 0.001 between groups, analysis of variance). Plasma AUC0–4 hrs and Cmax in piglets treated with cyclosporine at 25 mg/kg was associated with increased plasma troponin levels, a marker of myocardial injury, relative to piglets treated with 2.5 and 10 mg/kg. Asphyxiated newborn piglets had higher clearance and lower AUC0–∞, but similar AUC0–4 hrs, steady-state volume of distribution, and mean residence time compared with those of healthy newborn piglets. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the pharmacokinetics of intravenous cyclosporine treatment during resuscitation of asphyxiated newborn piglets, which did not appear to different from that of healthy piglets.
Modeling prediction in recommender systems using restricted boltzmann machine

Collaborative filtering is a well-known technique used for designing recommender systems when advertising services and products offered to the Internet users. In this paper, we employ the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) for collaborative filtering and propose the neighborhood-conditional RBM (N-CRBM) model based on joint distributions of similarity and popularity scores. The model is trained and evaluated based on the number of hidden units, learning rates, and activation functions. Simulation results using a dataset consisting of 22 million records show that the proposed N-CRBM model achieves 0.46 average root mean square error (RMSE) and 78.5% accuracy in predicting users' selections of recommended advertisements.
A New Liquid Agent for Endovascular Embolization: Initial Clinical Experience

We developed a new water-soluble thermosensitive embolic agent, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) and performed renal embolization in two cases with renal carcinoma by using this agent. Bleeding stopped immediately after the procedure and did not recur in follow-up intervals except fever because of postinfarction syndrome in these two patients. In one case with bilateral pulmonary metastasis, there was partial recanalization in superior segmental artery 1 month later, and this patient died 5 months after embolization due to deterioration in his general condition. The other patient refused further treatment and remained alive during 5-month follow-up interval. We believe that this agent has a great potentiality and will become a new liquid embolic material in endovascular treatment of renal carcinoma and vascular diseases.
Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes of the Genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province, Iran

An investigation was carried out during April to December 2000 to study mosquito fauna and ecology in Guilan Province of northern Iran. The mosquito larvae were collected by dipping method and larval habitat characteristics recorded according to hydro-ecological features. In total, 3937 larvae of the genus Culex from 92 larval breeding sites were collected. Six species of the genus Culex; Cx. mimeticus, Cx. pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. hortensis, and Cx. territans were identified in the province and respectively comprised 10.3%, 47.2%, 2.2%, 31%, 6.5%, and 2.8% of the samples. Most of the larvae were collected from the natural habitats (75.6%) such as river edges (6.5%), riverbed pools (28.2%), rain pools (47.8%), stream edges (9.4%), grasslands (1.9%), marshes (2.8%), and hoof-prints (3.4%) and others from artificial habitats (24.4%) including rice fields (32.1%), irrigation channels (7.1%), wells (16.4%), discarded concrete tubes (33.1%), discarded tires (11.0%), and agricultural water-storage pools (0.3%). The ecology of Cx. pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, which are the most prevalent species and potentially involved in the transmission of many pathogens to humans and domesticated animals, must be extensively studied.
When to initiate HIV therapy: a control theoretic approach

This paper shows an application of control theory to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS models. Minimum singular value decomposition is applied to HIV/AIDS models to measure the extent to which the different stages in the progression of HIV/AIDS disease are controllable and, consequently, when best to initiate therapy such that the general objectives of therapy are satisfied. Simulations are used to demonstrate the effect of treatment at various stages. Comparisons are made between mono-class and combination therapies and between when therapy is initiated at the acute infection, asymptomatic and the advanced stages.
Educational and practice gaps in the management of volar melanocytic lesions

The benign and malignant patterns of acral melanocytic naevi (AMN) and acral melanomas (AM) have been defined in a series of retrospective studies. A three‐step algorithm was developed to determine when to biopsy acral melanocytic lesions. This algorithm has only been applied to a Japanese population.
A Computational Model for Constructing Preferences for Multiple Choice Options

When choosing between multiple alternatives, people usually do not have ready-made preferences in their mind but rather construct them on the go. The 2N-ary Choice Tree Model (Wollschlaeger & Diederich, 2012) proposes a preference construction process for N choice options from description, which is based on attribute weights, differences between attribute values, and noise. It is able to produce similarity, attraction, and compromise effects, which have become a benchmark for multi-alternative choice models, but also several other context and reference point effects. Here, we present a new and mathematically tractable version of the model – the Simple Choice Tree Model – which also explains the above mentioned effects and additionally accounts for the positive correlation between the attraction and compromise effect, and the negative correlation between these two and the similarity effect as observed by Berkowitsch, Scheibehenne, and Rieskamp (2014).
Reversible Photoswitchable DRONPA‐s Monitors Nucleocytoplasmic Transport of an RNA‐Binding Protein in Transgenic Plants

Fluorescent reporter proteins that allow repeated switching between a fluorescent and a non‐fluorescent state are novel tools for monitoring intracellular protein trafficking. A codon‐optimized variant of the reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein DRONPA was designed for the use in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Its codon usage is also well adapted to the mammalian codon usage. The synthetic protein, DRONPA‐s, shows photochemical properties and switching behavior comparable to that of the original DRONPA from Pectiniidae both in vitro and in vivo. DRONPA‐s fused to the RNA‐binding protein AtGRP7 (Arabidopsis thaliana glycine‐rich RNA‐binding protein 7) under control of the endogenous AtGRP7 promoter localizes to cytoplasm, nucleoplasm and nucleolus of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. To monitor the intracellular transport dynamics of AtGRP7‐DRONPA‐s, we set up a single‐molecule sensitive confocal fluorescence microscope. Fluorescence recovery after selective photoswitching experiments revealed that AtGRP7‐DRONPA‐s reaches the nucleus by carrier‐mediated transport. Furthermore, photoactivation experiments showed that AtGRP7‐DRONPA‐s is exported from the nucleus. Thus, AtGRP7 is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein. Our results show that the fluorescent marker DRONPA‐s is a versatile tool to track protein transport dynamics in stably transformed plants.
Lead Invited Talk: Antenna Applications of Negative-Refractive-Index Transmission-Line Metamaterials

Metamaterials are artificial structures that have been engineered to exhibit electromagnetic properties that are not usually found in natural media. Metamaterials that exhibit a simultaneously negative electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ, and thus a negative refractive index (NRI), have recently attracted considerable attention in the microwave community [1],[2]. This has been motivated by the potential to create new microwave devices that exhibit superior qualities compared to their conventional counterparts [3]-[5]. A useful method of implementing planar metamaterials is based on reactively loaded transmission lines (TL). Transmission line NRI media consist of a network of printed transmission lines periodically loaded with lumped-element series capacitors (Co) and shunt inductors (Lo) in a dual-TL (high-pass) configuration [3]-[14]. The planar nature of the TL-based metamaterial (MM) structures renders them well suited for the realization of planar microwave antennas and circuits [3]-[14]. Recent review articles on the characteristics and potential applications of metamaterials can be found in [13]-[15].
Ventilation with Smaller Tidal Volumes: A Quantitative Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

In this quantitative systematic review we assessed the effects of ventilation with smaller tidal volume (Vt) on morbidity and mortality in patients aged 16 yr or older affected by acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Five randomized trials (1202 patients) comparing ventilation using smaller Vt and/or low air-way driving pressure (plateau pressure 30 cm H2O or less), resulting in Vt of 7 mL/kg or less versus ventilation that uses Vt in the range of 10 to 15 mL/kg, were identified after a systematic search of The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, databases of current research, reference lists, and “gray literature. ” Mortality at day 28 was significantly reduced by lung-protective ventilation (relative risk [RR], 0.74; confidence interval [CI], 0.61–0.88), whereas beneficial effect on long-term mortality was uncertain (RR, 0.84; CI, 0.68–1.05). The comparison between small and conventional Vt was not significantly different if a plateau pressure less than or equal to 31 cm H2O in the control group was used (RR, 1.13; CI, 0.88–1.45). Clinical heterogeneity, such as different lengths of follow-up and higher plateau pressures in control arms in two trials, make the interpretation of the combined results difficult.
Transcriptional Coactivation of Bone-Specific Transcription Factor Cbfa1 by TAZ

ABSTRACT Core-binding factor 1 (Cbfa1; also called Runx2) is a transcription factor belonging to the Runt family of transcription factors that binds to an osteoblast-specific cis-acting element (OSE2) activating the expression of osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific gene. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified a transcriptional coactivator, TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif), that binds to Cbfa1. A functional relationship between Cbfa1 and TAZ is demonstrated by the coimmunoprecipitation of TAZ by Cbfa1 and by the fact that TAZ induces a dose-dependent increase in the activity of osteocalcin promoter-luciferase constructs by Cbfa1. A dominant-negative construct of TAZ in which the coactivation domains have been deleted reduces osteocalcin gene expression down to basal levels. NIH 3T3, MC 3T3, and ROS 17/2.8 cells showed the expected nuclear localization of Cbfa1, whereas TAZ was distributed throughout the cytoplasm with some nuclear localization when transfected with either Cbfa1 or TAZ. Upon cotransfection by both Cbfa1 and TAZ, the transfected TAZ shows predominant nuclear localization. The dominant-negative construct of TAZ shows minimal nuclear localization upon cotransfection with Cbfa1. These data indicate that TAZ is a transcription coactivator for Cbfa1 and may be involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation.
Depression and the delay between symptom onset and hospitalization in heart failure patients

Heart failure (HF) patients frequently suffer from episodes of deterioration and may need medical treatment. An adequate reaction from the patient is needed to decrease the delay between the onset of deterioration and consulting a medical professional (i.e. consulting behaviour). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether depressive symptoms are associated with the duration of the delay between the onset of symptoms of worsening HF and hospitalization, and to examine how consulting behaviour correlates to depressive symptoms and delay in HF patients.
Meaning-Making in Memories: A Comparison of Memories of Death-Related and Low Point Life Experiences

Because of their extensive experience with death and dying, hospice volunteers may be more successful at engaging in meaning-making regarding their death-related experiences than their low point life experiences (e.g., job loss). Consequently, their memories of death-related experiences will manifest more meaning-making strategies (e.g., benefit-finding) than their low point memories. Fifty-two hospice volunteers wrote memory narratives of death-related and low point experiences and provided ratings of their memories. Results show that death memory narratives exhibit more meaning-making strategies, are rated as more emotionally positive, and are more frequently rehearsed. The long-term significance of the use of meaning-making strategies is discussed.
A SSVEP-BCI Setup Based on Depth-of-Field

In optical systems, the range of distance near the point of focus where objects are perceived sharply is referred as depth-of-field; objects outside this region are defocused and blurred. Furthermore, ophthalmology studies state that the amplitude and the latency of visual evoked potentials are affected by defocusing. In this context, this paper evaluates a novel setup for a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) brain–computer interface, in which two stimuli are presented together in the center of the user’s field of view but at different distances ensuring that if one stimulus is focused on, the other one is non-focused, and vice versa. The evaluationwas conductedwith eight healthy subjects who were asked to focus on just one stimulus at a time. An average accuracy rate of 0.93 was achieved for a time window of 4 s by employing well know SSVEP detection methods. Results show that distinguishable SSVEP can be elicited by the focused stimulus regardless of the non-focused one is also present in the field of view. Finally, this approach allows users to send commands through a stimuli selection by focusing mechanism that does not demand neck, head, and/or eyeball movements.