Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Explaining pro-environmental behaviors with environmentally relevant variables: A survey in Korea

1 College of Business Administration, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwangjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea. 2 Graduate School of Business, Sejong University, Republic of Korea. 3 University of Minnesota, Crookston, USA. 4 Environment and Industry Department, Sejong University, Republic of Korea. 5 Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel Haifa 31905, Israel.
The Presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Correlates with a Decrease in the Frequency of Mutations in a Plasmid Shuttle Vector

ABSTRACT The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein induces cell cycle arrest at the border of G2 and M similar to the arrest caused by agents which damage DNA. We determined whether the presence of Vpr would affect the ability of cells to repair DNA. We developed a shuttle vector system to analyze the effect of Vpr upon the repair of UV-damaged DNA. Our results demonstrated that the presence of Vpr decreased the rate of deletions in this system. Of note, cells arrested in G2 by other genotoxic agents also increased the frequency of DNA repair of UV-damaged shuttle vectors. We did not observe any direct effect of Vpr upon the rate of double-strand break repair and/or nucleotide excision repair of genomic DNA in cells. Our results suggest a role for HIV-1 Vpr in altering the frequency of DNA repair, a property which may have importance for HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis.
Bose-Einstein condensation quantum kinetics for a gas of interacting excitons.

A quantum kinetics of the Bose-Einstein condensation in the self-consistent (s.c.) Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) model of the interacting Bose gas is formulated and numerically solved for the example of excitons scattering with a thermal bath of acoustic phonons. The theory describes the condensation in real time starting from a nonequilibrium initial state towards the equilibrium HFB solution. The s.c. changes of the spectrum are automatically incorporated in the scattering terms.
Predicting Movie Genre Preferences from Personality and Values of Social Media Users

We propose a novel technique to predict a user’s movie genre preference from her psycholinguistic attributes obtained from user social media interactions. In particular, we build machine learning based classiﬁcation models that take user tweets as input to derive her psychological attributes: personality and value scores, and gives her movie genre preference as output. We train these models using user tweets in Twitter, and her reviews and ratings of movies of different genres in Internet movie database (IMDb). We exploit a key concept of psychology, i.e., an individual’s personality and values may inﬂuence her choice in performing different actions in real life. We have investigated how personality and values independently and collectively inﬂuence a user preference on different movie genres. Our proposed model can be used for recommending movies to social media users.
The Role of Financial Bootstrapping in Handling the Liability of Newness in Incubator Businesses

Recent research in entrepreneurship has examined factors that could reduce the challenges facing new businesses (the so-called ‘liabilities of newness’). Seeking to contribute to this research, this study examines the potential role of a financial bootstrapping approach (finding ways of securing resources on favourable terms). Even though financial bootstrapping has received increased attention in entrepreneurship research, our understanding of the relative importance of financial bootstrapping is undeveloped. This study focuses on new businesses established in Swedish university incubators and is based on data from a questionnaire sent to 120 new business founders. Given the role of incubators to provide resources and contacts on favourable terms, it can be argued that they represent an institutionalized arena in which new businesses can identify bootstrapping possibilities. The findings show that the possession of a financial bootstrapping approach is beneficial for handling the external liability of newness, whereas no significant effects were found on the internal liability of newness.
DETERMINANTS OF GREEK COMMERCIAL BANKS PROFITABILITY, 1989 - 2000

This paper attempts to examine the determinants of the performance of Greek commercial banks over the last decade. This is of interest because of the markedly changes in the structure of the Greek banking system in the nineties. The Greek banking system is still going through a transformation period so as to compete within a rapidly changing international economic envi­ ronment and to meet the new financial needs of the economy. In the empirical section, we mea­ sure the profitability of the commercial banks using the ratios return on assets (ROA) and re­ turn on equity (ROE). Our results provide weak evidence of the phenomenon of persistence in profitability. We report that the deregulation of the market in the last decade and the process of European integration with the introduction of the Euro have enhanced the competitiveness of the banking sector. On the strong side of the evidence, the variables related to management de­ cisions are found to assert a major impact on the profitability of Greek commercial banks. (JEL: G21, G24, G31).
Formulation and physiologic factors affecting the pharmacology of carrier-mediated anticancer agents

Introduction: Major advances in carrier-mediated agents (CMAs), which include nanoparticles and conjugates, have revolutionized drug delivery capabilities over the past decade. While providing numerous advantages such as increased exposure duration, greater solubility and delivery to tumor sites over their small molecule counterparts, there is substantial variability in how individual CMA formulations affect the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (efficacy and toxicity) of these agents. Areas covered: CMA formulations are complex in nature compared to their small molecule counterparts and consist of multiple components and variables that can affect the pharmacological profile. This review provides an overview of factors that affect the pharmacologic profiles observed in CMA-formulated chemotherapy, primarily in liposomal formulations, that are currently in preclinical or early clinical development. Expert opinion: Despite the numerous advantages that CMA formulations provide, their clinical use is still in its infancy. It is critical that we understand the mechanisms and effects of CMAs in navigating biological barriers and how these factors affect their biodistribution and delivery to tumors. Future studies are warranted to better understand the complex pharmacology and interaction between CMA carriers and biological systems, such as the mononuclear phagocyte system and tumor microenvironment.
The Basques in Europe: a genetic analysis.

SUMMARY Our knowledge of genetic differentiation in human populations of Europe at present, with special emphasis on Basques and their Mediterranean neighbours, is presented and discussed. The preliminary results obtained by data from 15 genetic systems (ABO, RH, MNS, KELL, P1, HLA -A, HLA-B. GM, KM, BF, GC, GLO1, HP, TF, PI) and 65 alleles sampled from 52 ethnic groups are shown. Some tentative interpretations of the analysis are given: (a) Modern Basques are more closely related (in genetic terms) to European rather than non-European populations. (b) If genetic differentiation of modern Basques from the neighbouring Bearn sample occurred at the latest during the Romanization time, therefore it seems plausible that Basques differentiated from European populations before the Celtic invasion. This confirms the linguistic evidence that Basques have nothing to share with Celts. (c) If Basques share a common genetic ancestry with Caucasian speaking and North-African populations, this occurred before the
Evolution of a small object oriented manufacturing system

Small software systems implemented for small organizations exhibit many of the same characteristics of large systems as they evolve. Developers who produce nontrivial small systems use essentially the same approaches to achieve quality as developers of large systems. Small systems face many of the same challenges before, during, and after implementation as large systems. The paper traces the evolution of a small object oriented software system produced for a sunroom manufacturer from the original design and implementation through a decade of upgrades and ports to new operating systems. As with all such projects, it exhibits many common characteristics with other software projects. As with many projects, it has some issues that are rarely encountered by most developers. Ten years' experience with and responsibility for the same project, through its entire history, have given the author an opportunity to review his successes and failures. The reader is invited to share the hard learned lessons.
The role of stakeholders in town centre management: guidelines for identification and analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the identification of stakeholders involved in town centre management (TCM) projects and the main areas of intervention according to their interests and needs.Design/methodology/approach – The proposed framework is tested in the town of Benevento, Italy. On the basis of stakeholder theory, key stakeholders were interviewed according to the different kinds of linkages they had with the TCM organisation.Findings – Results from the paper support a stakeholder‐based approach to the development of TCM projects. In addition, a set of categories is proposed to define and evaluate the overall town centre offer.Practical implications – The proposed framework can be used by cities or towns for the evaluation of the role of different public and private stakeholders in TCM projects, and for the assessment of their “stake” in the town centre.Originality/value – Despite the need to promote a partnership approach between the public and private sectors havin.
Functional versus capability-oriented innovation management in multinational firms

This paper argues that innovation management in multinational firms can be enhanced by distinguishing two types of geographically dispersed facilities: capability-augmenting ones and capability-exploiting sites ones. The paper shows that this distinction rather than the established distinction of research sites versus development sites facilitates resource allocation decisions and strategic cooperation with local knowledge providers. An analysis of 8 matched case studies as well as a statistical analysis with 156 R&D sites supports this argument.
Composition and Size of Shope Fibroma Virus Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from purified virions of Shope fibroma virus (SFV) (by using DNA from Microccocus lysodeikticus as marker) had a buoyant density of 1.6996 ± 0.0003 g/ml), hence a guanine plus cytosine (G + C) content of 40.4 ± 0.3%, which is close to the G + C content of the DNA of susceptible rabbit cells (40.9 ± 0.4%) and different from that of vaccinia virus DNA (35.5 ± 0.4%). For the determination of the molecular weight of DNA, SFV and vaccinia purified virions, treated with Pronase and detergent, were cosedimented in sucrose density gradients. Results showed that SFV-DNA has a molecular weight of about 153 × 106 daltons. By electron microscopy, only one molecule corresponding to this value was observed (its length was 80.3 μm). The others had a median size of 49.8 μm ± 0.9.
Application of Quantitative Immunogold Electron Microscopy to Determine the Distribution and Relative Expression of Homo- and Heteromeric Purinergic Adenosine A1 and P2Y Receptors

The idea that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may generate or modify various functions as dimmers or higher-order oligomers is now generally accepted. Significant numbers of GPCRs exit as heteromeric assemblies (refered to as hetero-oligomerization), generating novel functions for ligand binding and second messengers, and in turn creating unique receptor trafficking systems for pharmacological profiles (Angers et al., 2002, Bulenger et al., 2005). This is also true of the purinergic receptor family. Over recent years, we have explored many biochemical and pharmacological aspects of this particular family via hetero-oligomerization between metabotropic (i.e. G protein-coupled) purinergic receptors (particularly between P1 and P2), in which the agonists are metabolites playing important role in the purinergic signaling cascade.
Public participation in Malawi’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) process

Since the adoption of the Environmental Management Act of 1996, Malawi has been using environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a tool for predicting and assessing the impact of development projects on the environment. This study assessed the extent of public participation in Malawi’s EIA process. Desktop study of relevant documents such as EIA and environmental audit reports, policies and laws, books, journals and internet articles was done. Further information was obtained from relevant stakeholders through interviews and questionnaires. This involved fifteen respondents divided into three categories: five NCE members, five TCE members and five EIA practitioners. This study reveals that public participation is not adequate at most of the key stages of the EIA process in Malawi which puts the human and ecosystem health at risk. There is an urgent need to enforce the EIA provision as stipulated Malawi’s Environmental Management Act. Effort should focus on public awareness and human resource capacity development so that the EIA process is diligently executed and that enforcement and follow-ups are properly done by the Department of Environmental Affairs which is a lead agency on environmental issues in Malawi. Key words : Public participation, environmental impact assessment, Malawi, enforcement.
Detection of auditory signal in restricted sets of reproducible noise.

The detectability of auditory signals in reproducible random noise was studied under two conditions: a single noise used throughout a block of 288 trials, and 12 noises occurring at random, but with equal frequency, throughout a block of trials. Both two‐interval forced‐choice judgments and judgments of the presence or absence of the signal in single‐noise samples were obtained in separate blocks of trials. On individual trials of the forced‐choice judgments, the same noise appeared in both intervals. Signal detectability was found to be significantly better when a single noise was present in a block of trials. Introducing variability in the stimulus by altering the number of different signal levels presented during a block of trials did not affect detection. The results support the importance of memory for the noise from trial to trial in the detection process.
Design of NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with enhanced infrared photon detection efficiency

Nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) consist of a superconducting wire of nanoscale cross-section [1], typically 4×100 nm2. A current close to the device critical current renders the nanowire sensitive to single photons. SSPDs are known for their high efficiency, low jitter, low dark count rate and fast reset time. An important challenge for future application of SSPDs is to extend the useful wavelength range towards the infrared without comprising detector speed or dark count rate. To this end, we explore optical designs with wider nanowires that utilize efficient detection of single photons at the edge of the nanowire. Silicon nanowires on top of a NbN nanowire increase both the calculated total absorption and the internal detection efficiency significantly compared to a standard meandering wire geometry.
Classification Shifting of R&D Expense

U.S. generally accepted accounting principles allow managers discretion in deciding what period costs reported on the income statement are classified as R&D expense. Our study investigates factors that contribute to managers classifying routine, re-occurring operating expenses as R&D expense, i.e., engage in R&D classification shifting. We develop an R&D expectation model that includes variables that proxy for firms’ budgeted and discretionary R&D spending, and use the residuals from the model to proxy for firms’ R&D classification shifting. We find that firms engage in more R&D classification shifting when they miss their earnings benchmarks, but analyst following and institutional ownership mitigate the classification of operating expenses as R&D expense. These findings are robust to a multitude of sensitivity tests. Additional analysis documents that firms missing their year-end earnings forecast and engaged in R&D classification shifting make more R&D narritives in their fourth quarter relative to the third quarter conference calls. This finding is consistent with our claim that managers engage in R&D classification shifting once they realize that earnings targets cannot be met and use R&D expense as a justification for missing earnings benchmark. Our research provides new insights into firms’ reported R&D expense and managers’ incentives to engage in expense classification shifting.
Randomized trial of FX high flux vs standard high flux dialysis for homocysteine clearance.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in the end-stage renal disease population. Novel risk factors such as homocysteine (Hcy) are of considerable interest in this group as hyperhomocysteinaemia is highly prevalent in the setting of renal impairment. Folic acid-vitamin B group therapies are only partially effective treatments. Hcy is highly protein-bound and thus poorly dialysed. Dialyzers with albumin-leaking properties have been shown to result in lowering of plasma Hcy. As the FX-class (Advanced Fresenius Polysulfone dialyzer) has greater clearance of larger molecular weight substances but is non-albumin-leaking, we explored the capacity of this new technology membrane to reduce plasma Hcy levels. METHODS A prospective randomized cross-over trial in 35 prevalent haemodialysis patients, one group receiving 12 weeks dialysis using FX dialyzer then 12 weeks with standard high flux dialysis (SHF) and the other group SHF followed by FX dialyzer. All patients received vitamin B(6) 25 mg and folic acid 5 mg daily throughout the study. RESULTS The primary outcome was plasma Hcy pre-dialysis at week 12. FX vs SHF showed no significant difference, 25+/-6.6 vs 25.9+/-5.8 microg/l, Delta95% CI = -2.77 to 4.59, P = 0.31. There was a non-significant trend toward a decrease in Hcy in both groups (27.43+/-7.68 to 25.91+/-5.78 micromol/l for SHF, P = 0.23 and 26.0+/-4.58 to 25.0+/-6.61 micromol/l for FX, P = 0.28). Analysis by repeated measures method demonstrated a statistically significantly lower Hcy with FX vs SHF dialyzer (adjusted beta = -1.30, 95% CI = -2.41 to -0.19, P = 0.022). K(t)/V(urea) was higher in FX vs SHF (1.35+/-0.18 vs 1.22+/-0.2; P = 0.013). Folate and B(6) levels did not change. CONCLUSIONS The primary outcome analysis did not show any significant difference in pre-Hcy comparing FX and SHF membranes. Although our secondary analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference between membranes, the magnitude of the difference (1.3 mumol/l) is not clinically significant. Thus the use of the FX dialyzer did not result in a clinically significant benefit in relation to improving pre-dialysis Hcy compared with standard high-flux dialysis.
Essential Oil Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Lippia schomburgkiana

The leaves and fine stems of Lippia schomburgkiana recorded an essential yield of 1.8%, the main constituents of which were 1,8-cineole (64.1%) and α-terpineol (12.0%). The methanol extract of L. schomburgkiana inhibited the DPPH radical, resulting in an EC50 value of 16.1 ± 0.7 μg. mL−1, which is only three times lower than that of trolox (4.7 ± 0.4 μg.mL−1), signifying a high antioxidant activity for the species. The amount of total phenolics (376.7 ± 35.5 mg GAE/g) and the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (327.0 ± 24.8 mg TE/g) of the methanol extract confirmed the significant antioxidative capacity of this plant. The brine shrimp bioassay carried out on the oil (49.6 ± 0.4 μg.mL−1) showed high toxicity, providing important evidence of its biological activity. The sensory evaluation of the leaves of L. schomburgkiana showed a percentage acceptance value very close to commercial oregano, indicating that the plant can be used in spice and condiment products.
Cerebrospinal nematodiasis: focal encephalomyelomalacia of animals caused by nematodes (Setaria digitata); a disease which may occur in man.

OBSERVATIONS on diseases of domesticated animals often have a lengthy incubation period before they are noticed by medical workers; inaccessibility of veterinary journals plays some part, while factual relevance to medical problems may not be quickly evident. Many examples could be given in which, indeed, studies in animal pathology were the start of a train of events leading to the ultimate identification of comparable disorders or focused attention on "new" etiological factors in the production of disease. A classic instance is the observation of Griffith Evans 1 (1880) that a trypanosome (Trypanosoma evansi) caused surra (trypanosomiasis) in mules and horses in India. This must have had far-reaching effects, for it surely had an influence on the work of Bruce, Dutton, and Castellani (Scott, 2 1942) on the cause of African sleeping sickness (trypanosomiasis) in animals and man, more than 20 years later. The present studies on cerebrospinal nematodiasis may once
Where do HMOs and PPOs locate? Debunking an urban myth

The potential geographic distribution of preferred provider organizations (PPOs) differs greatly from that of health maintenance organizations (HMOs). We explain this theoretically by the natural ordering of insurance types according to the degree of consumer choice of provider. We examine the issue empirically, employing a unique data set based on California hospital discharges in 1998, a time when PPO and HMO insurance types were coded separately. Because HMOs are more restrictive than PPOs in the provider networks allowed, we find that they require urban areas with many physicians to form viable networks. PPOs are less restrictive in the provider networks, which we find allows PPOs to thrive outside of urban areas where HMOs cannot. We find that indemnitytype plans, also known as fee-for-service plans, can survive anywhere because they do not impose restrictions on provider choice. These findings have realworld implications for Medicare modernization efforts aimed at increasing the proportion of seniors enrolled in Medicare managed care plans. Regional PPOs established under the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 are likely to thrive, extending the geographic coverage of managed care service options to all
3β-Acetoxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-yl 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxylate

The title triterpene, C35H53N3O4, is a C-28 carbamate derivative of 3β-acetoxybetulin prepared in a one-step reaction from the commercially available 1,1′-carbonyl-di(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT), crystallized from acetone/n-hexane. All rings are trans fused. The carbamate and acetate substituents are in axial and equatorial positions, respectively. A quantum chemical ab initio Roothaan Hartree–Fock calculation of the equilibrium geometry of the isolated molecule gives values for bond lengths and valency angles in close agreement with experimental values. The calculation also reproduces the observed molecular conformation, with puckering parameters that agree well with those determined from the crystallographic study.