Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NF449 Is a Novel Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 (FGFR3) Signaling Active in Chondrocytes and Multiple Myeloma Cells*

The FGFR3 receptor tyrosine kinase represents an attractive target for therapy due to its role in several human disorders, including skeletal dysplasias, multiple myeloma, and cervical and bladder carcinomas. By using molecular library screening, we identified a compound named NF449 with inhibitory activity toward FGFR3 signaling. In cultured chondrocytes and murine limb organ culture, NF449 rescued FGFR3-mediated extracellular matrix loss and growth inhibition, which represent two major cellular phenotypes of aberrant FGFR3 signaling in cartilage. Similarly, NF449 antagonized FGFR3 action in the multiple myeloma cell lines OPM2 and KMS11, as evidenced by NF449-mediated reversal of ERK MAPK activation and transcript accumulation of CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines, both of which are induced by FGFR3 activation. In cell-free kinase assays, NF449 inhibited the kinase activity of both wild type and a disease-associated FGFR3 mutant (K650E) in a fashion that appeared non-competitive with ATP. Our data identify NF449 as a novel antagonist of FGFR3 signaling, useful for FGFR3 inhibition alone or in combination with inhibitors that target the ATP binding site.
Generic Galois extensions.

We define the notion of a generic Galois extension with group G over a field F. Let R be a communtative ring of the form F[x(1),. , x(n)](1/s) and let S be a Galois extension of R with group G. Then S/R is generic for G over F if the following holds. Assume K/L is a Galois extension of fields with group G and such that L superset, dbl equals F. Then there is an F algebra map f:R --> L such that K congruent with S [unk](R)L. We construct generic Galois extensions for certain G and F. We show such extensions are related to Noether's problem and the Grunwald-Wang theorem. One consequence is a simple proof of known counter examples to Noether's problem. On the other hand, we have an elementary proof of a chunk of the Grunwald-Wang theorem, and in a more general context. In fact, we have a Grunwald-Wang-type theorem whenever there is a generic extension for a group G over a field F.
Funding Liquidity Shocks in a Quasi-Experiment: Evidence from the CDS Big Bang

The CDS Big Bang (the protocol changes for the CDS market in April 2009) increased the upfront funding requirements for trading CDS contracts, especially for those with credit spreads further away from 100 and 500 basis points. Exploiting this natural experiment, we document direct evidence that a higher funding requirement reduces market liquidity, increases the absolute value of the CDS-bond basis, and CDS spread volatility. Our evidence highlights an unintended consequence of the ongoing standardization of OTC markets — while its intention is to reduce systemic risk, standardization may jeopardize market liquidity precisely during periods of financial distress.
Swiss graphogame: concept and design presentation of a computerised reading intervention for children with high risk for poor reading outcomes

Developmental dyslexia is found in 30 to 65% of the children from high risk families (parent or sibling affected). The computerised GraphoGame training program aims to improve reading acquisition for children with a high risk for developing reading and spelling problems. GraphoGame® is a learning platform developed at the University of Jyväskylä in Finland to support poor reading children during reading acquisition. Here, we present the concept and design of the new Swiss GraphoGame, which at a linguistic level has been developed to especially suit the needs of children speaking an orthographically semi-transparent language (German). The efficacy of this computerised intervention is currently being evaluated with (Swiss) German speaking children at risk for reading and spelling disabilities in the middle and the end of first grade. Upon successful evaluation of this intervention, the computerised training game may be used by parents, teachers and therapists to help children with special needs with regard to reading acquisition.
Dichotomy of Chinese Domestic and Overseas IPOs: An Empirical Investigation

Due to regulatory constraints, Chinese companies typically pursue an overseas listing without being first listed in the domestic market. Some of them would eventually go back (often after many years) to the domestic A-share market. This unique feature about the cross-listed Chinese stocks provides us a natural experiment field to test some of the conventional theories of IPO underpricing. Conventional theories suggest that these homebound IPOs should experience less underpricing. Using all IPOs issued in 19902007 in China, we find that the homecoming A-share IPOs by those Chinese companies that are already listed in Hong Kong or U.S. have an average first-day return of 96.38%, compared to 235.24% for purely domestic IPOs. Though the difference in initial returns between the two types of IPOs is significant using the univariate t-test, the difference becomes insignificant once firm size is controlled in cross-sectional regressions. The result is robust even after potential self-selection bias is corrected. Additionally, for the ten Chinese firms that issue ADRs first and then A-shares later, the average A-share IPO initial return is 105.2% while the mean ADR first-day return is merely 5.75%.
Traumatic midline subarachnoid hemorrhage on initial computed tomography as a marker of severe diffuse axonal injury.

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that midline (interhemispheric or perimesencephalic) traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) on initial CT may implicate the same shearing mechanism that underlies severe diffuse axonal injury (DAI). METHODSThe authors enrolled 270 consecutive patients (mean age [± SD] 43 ± 23.3 years) with a history of head trauma who had undergone initial CT within 24 hours and brain MRI within 30 days. Six initial CT findings, including intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and tSAH, were used as candidate predictors of DAI. The presence of tSAH was determined at the cerebral convexities, sylvian fissures, sylvian vallecula, cerebellar folia, interhemispheric fissure, and perimesencephalic cisterns. Following MRI, patients were divided into negative and positive DAI groups, and were assigned to a DAI stage: 1) stage 0, negative DAI; 2) stage 1, DAI in lobar white matter or cerebellum; 3) stage 2, DAI involving the corpus callosum; and 4) stage 3, DAI involving the brainstem. Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) scores were obtained in 232 patients.RESULTSOf 270 patients, 77 (28.5%) had DAI; tSAH and IVH were independently associated with DAI (p < 0.05). Of tSAH locations, midline tSAH was independently associated with both overall DAI and DAI stage 2 or 3 (severe DAI; p < 0.05). The midline tSAH on initial CT had sensitivity of 60.8%, specificity of 81.7%, and positive and negative predictive values of 43.7% and 89.9%, respectively, for severe DAI. When adjusted for admission Glasgow Coma Score, the midline tSAH independently predicted poor GOSE score at both hospital discharge and after 6 months.CONCLUSIONSMidline tSAH could implicate the same shearing mechanism that underlies severe DAI, for which midline tSAH on initial CT is a probable surrogate.
Connectivity and Transmission Delay in Large-Scale Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks With Unreliable Secondary Links

In this paper, we investigate connectivity and transmission delay of secondary users in large-scale wireless cognitive radio (CR) ad hoc networks from a percolation-based perspective. Using the random connection model, we study the unreliability of wireless secondary links in CR ad hoc networks, which has not been well studied in the existing literature. By introducing two auxiliary random graphs and using continuum percolation theory, we study the impacts of key system parameters on connectivity and transmission delay in a CR network. We first characterize three behavioral regions of connectivity for a secondary network, i.e., disconnectivity, long-term connectivity and instantaneous connectivity regions. We show that the unreliability of secondary links does not affect the disconnectivity region, but affects the long-term connectivity and instantaneous connectivity regions. Using the ergodic theorem, we then study the scaling behavior of transmission delay with respect to the distance between two randomly chosen secondary users in a connected secondary network for two cases. Specifically, when propagation delay is negligible, we show that transmission delay scales linearly and sub-linearly with distance in the long-term connectivity and instantaneous connectivity regions, respectively. When propagation delay is considered, we show that transmission delay scales linearly with respect to distance in both the long-term connectivity and instantaneous connectivity regions.
A cross-national study of Twitter users’ motivations and continuance intentions

Given the explosive popularity and growth of microblogging worldwide and its potential use in the areas of public policy, civic activism, as well as marketing and advertising, the questions of why and how individuals use these services warrant a comprehensive research. While some studies addressing motivations to join and continue using Twitter have been published, no research to date has investigated these issues in the context of developing economies. This exploratory study seeks to build an understanding of Twitter usage and continuance motivations in Ukraine, and compares them to those of the US users. The findings of the study suggest that participants in both countries use Twitter for professional development, entertainment, status maintenance, and social interaction and exchange. The Ukrainian participants, however, emphasize Twitter use for identity negotiation and self-expression, as well as for news updates and sharing. The study also examines how different motivations of joining Twitter affect current Twitter usage and continuance intentions, and provides implications for public policy and advertising.
CASE STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE BASED SEISMIC DESIGN USING CAPACITY SPECTRUM METHOD

This research aims to show the procedures and results of Performance Based Seismic Design using Capacity Spectrum Method (CSM) for Ductile Steel Structures. Two 9-story buildings, A and B for examples, which are rigidly jointed steel structures with the same configuration were designed under different seismic performance criteria. Building A was designed to satisfy the minimum requirements, which are described as "Life-safety against severe EQ (earthquake)" and "Serviceability after moderate EQ". Building B was designed to have one more requirement as "Repairability after severe EQ", which indicates higher seismic performance. CSM is the procedure where the demand spectra and the capacity of the structure met in the Acceleration Displacement Response Spectrum (ADRS) format at the performance point, which describes a different level of seismic design criteria. The results were evaluated by the elasto-plastic multi-mass time-history seismic response analyses using real EQ records. The building performance improvement can be done with a slight expense of steel weight.
Clinical undernutrition states and their influence on taste

There are many sensory influences which originate in the gut and directly or indirectly influence nutritional status. However, those of which we are most consciously aware, such as taste and smell, are in most disease states not the first concern of most health-care professionals. This is because aberrations in these senses are not life-threatening, and the contribution they make to nutrient intake is considered to be relatively small in relation to the pathophysiological process alone. However, in conditions such as long-term chronic illness or neoplastic disease this may not be the case, as ingestive behaviour patterns may contribute to long-term energy deficit by dictating poor quality and quantity of nutrient intake. In addition, in conditions such as unresectable cancer where intervention is palliative only, the contribution that is made by somatic gustatory and olfactory aberrations may have increasing significance in terms of general quality of life, and have a significant detrimental effect not only on the patient but also on the carer. Elucidation of physiological or pathophysiological mechanisms which produce aberrant effects in these chemosensory pathways may provide the basis for more complete nutritional or palliative management, and reduce the negative impact that their dysfunction may have on nutritional status. Nutrient deprivation and taste acuity
Facteurs explicatifs de l'utilisation de la messagerie électronique textuelle : résultats d'une enquête réalisée au sein d'organisations municipales

Organisational methods have been completely transformed via the latest state of the art technology which has created powerful tools. New techniques in data communications compete with more traditional methods. Therefore electronic mail systems respond efficiently to the growing demands in the field of communication. 74 users belonging to 8 municipal organisations were surveyed in order to identify tasks achieved by the system. Several theoretical frameworks are discussed in this paper : the social presence theory, the information richness theory, and critical mass theory. The study shows that the system is seldom used and that it uses a basic level of communication although its technical capacities are recognized. New media, such as electronic mail, have been found to be suitable for routine information exchanges. Electronic Message System is only an alternative to traditional methods and not a substitution. The use of this media is dependent on user satisfaction, as well as on the hierarchical position.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Ecological effects of reactivation of artificially stabilized blowouts in coastal dunes

In an inner dune area in the Dutch coastal dunes several artificially stabilized blowouts were reactivated. The purpose was to investigate whether these reactivated blowouts could remain active despite the increased atmospheric deposition of nutrients, how much area would be affected by sand from the blowouts, whether the vegetation would respond to the deposition of sand, and whether the reactivation of blowouts could be a measure against the effects of acidification and eutrophication. This paper presents the results of the first years of monitoring the changes in the blowout morphology and the response of the vegetation. In the monitoring period (1991-1994) the blowouts remained active and grew slowly in size and depth. The area which receives more than 1 cm of calcareous sand from the blowout in three years was up to six times the area of the blowouts. Moss vegetation responded to the accumulation of sand: Campylopus introflexus was sparse within the deposition area whereas Tortula ruralis was found near the contour of 1 cm deposition in 3 yr. No indications were found that shrubs or marram grass were adversely affected by the deposition of sand. The experiment forms part of a programme to test measures aimed at mitigating the effects of air pollution on natural landscapes. From the viewpoint of the programme the experiment is a success.
THE MEMBRANE ATTACK MECHANISM OF COMPLEMENT

The membrane attack mechanism of complement, C5 to C9, has previously been postulated to associate on the target cell surface to a stable decamolecular complex with a calculated mol wt of 995,000. A soluble and stable complex consisting of C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 has now been demonstrated to arise as a consequence of complement activation by the classical or alternate pathway. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 22.5S and a mol wt of 1 million daltons, and it migrates on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as an α-globulin. The stable and soluble C5b-9 complex cannot bind to erythrocytes and has no demonstrable cytolytic activity. However, due to partially unsaturated binding sites for C9, it can bind additional C9 and thus function as an inhibitor of lysis of EAC1-8 by C9. These results support the concept according to which the membrane-bound attack system of complement represents a stable, decamolecular assembly of C5b-9. Unlike its analogue in free solution, the membrane-bound complex is cytolytically active.
Stress, Mental Health, and Substance Abuse Problems in a Sample of Diversion Program Youths: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis

Reflective of interest in mental health and substance abuse issues among youths involved with the justice system, we performed a latent class analysis on baseline information collected on 100 youths involved in two diversion programs. Results identified two groups of youths: Group 1: a majority of the youths, who had high levels of delinquency, mental health, and substance abuse issues; and Group 2: youths with low levels of these problems. Comparison of these two groups on a variety of psychosocial measures and parent/guardian reports found differences between them that were consistent with their problem group classification. Follow-up analysis confirmed problem behavior that was consistent with the youths’ latent class placement. Implications of the findings for research and practice are presented.
The melting temperature of the six site potential model of water.

The melting temperature of the six site potential of water is calculated using two different methods. The first one combines free energy calculations with Hamiltonian Gibbs-Duhem integration. The second method is based on the evolution (melting or freezing) of an explicit liquid-ice interface. Both methods yield very similar results, so we propose 289K as the melting temperature of the model. The melting temperature of the six site potential of water is calculated using two different methods. The first one combines free energy calculations with Hamiltonian Gibbs-Duhem integration. The second method is based on the evolution (melting or freezing) of an explicit liquid-ice interface. Both methods yield very similar results, so we propose 289K as the melting temperature of the model.
Identifying leatherback turtle foraging behaviour from satellite telemetry using a switching state-space model

Identifying the foraging habitat of marine predators is vital to understanding the ecol- ogy of these species and for their management and conservation. Foraging habitat for many marine predators is dynamic, and this poses a serious challenge for understanding how oceanographic features may shape the ecology of these animals. To help resolve this issue, we present a switching state-space model (SSSM) for discerning different movement behaviours hidden within error-prone satellite telemetry data. Along with modelling the movement dynamics, the SSSM estimates the probability that an animal is in a particular discrete behavioural mode, such as transiting or foraging. Using Argos satellite telemetry for leatherback sea turtles, we show that the SSSM readily identifies distinct classes of movement behaviour from the noisy data. Moreover, patterns in simultaneously collected diving data, to which the model is blind, match well with behavioural mode estimates. By combining behavioural mode estimates from the model with the diving data, we show that while transiting, leatherbacks make longer, deeper dives; and while foraging, they encounter cooler waters that range from 13 to 22°C. These differences are consistent among the turtles studied and within the same turtle in different years. This modelling approach can enhance standard kernel density estima- tors for identifying habitat use by incorporating behavioural information into the estimation proce- dure. Ultimately, we can build predictive models of habitat use by incorporating environmental data and diving behaviour directly into the SSSM framework.
Regional autonomy and the quality of governance in OECD countries

Using a panel of 24 OECD countries, we investigate the impact of regional autonomy on the quality of governance. We nd that delegating taxing power and policy responsibilities to the regional level reduces the quality of governance. This result is in contrast with the literature that uses revenue decentralization as a proxy for scal federalism, we show that when a measure of autonomy is taken into consideration results are quite dierent.
Venture Capital and the Financing of Innovation

Innovation is associated to high cost and high level of risk. Many firms cannot finance this activity with internal financial resources. They need outside investors to finance their innovative projects. Venture capitalist funding seems to be an appropriate alternative especially when the firm is young. In this paper we study the relationship between a firm's innovation activity and venture capital. We have used different databases on innovative activity and venture capital financing in France's manufacturing sector for the period 1993-2006. First we examine the effect of venture capital financing on innovation, and second the impact of firms' innovation on venture capitalists' behaviour towards these firms. Our results show that the presence of venture capitalists enhances the innovation intensity of a firm. Furthermore we find that SMEs profit more from VC contribution than biggest one.
In vivo evaluation of striatal dopamine reuptake sites using 11C‐nomifensine and positron emission tomography

Abstract In vitro nomifensine demonstrates high affinity and specificity for dopamine reuptake sites in the brain. In the present study 11C‐nomifensine was administered i.v. in trace amounts (10–50μg) to ketamine anaesthetized Rhesus monkeys (6–10 kg b.w.) and the time‐course of radioactivity within different brain regions was measured by positron emission tomography (PET). Six base‐line experiments lasting for 60–80 min were performed. The procedure was repeated after pretreatment with nomifensine (2–6 mg/kg i.v.), another reuptake inhibitor, mazindol (0,3 mg/kg i.v.), desipramine (0.5 mg/kg i.v) or spiperone (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) before the administration of a second 11C‐nomifensine dose. The highest radioactivity uptake was found in the dopamine innervated striatum and the lowest in a region containing the cerebellum, known to be almost devoid of dopaminergic neurons. The difference between striatal and cerebellar uptake of 11C‐nomifensine derived radioactivity was markedly reduced after nomifensine and mazindol but not after desipramine and spiperone. These results indicate that in vivo the striatal uptake of 11C‐nomifensine, as measured with PET, involves specific binding with the dopamine reuptake sites. In the first human applications of 11C‐nomifensine and PET in a healthy volunteer, the regional uptake of radioactivity was similar to that in base‐line experiments with Rhesus monkeys. In the healthy subject the striatal/cerebellar ratio was 1.6, 50 min after the injection of 11C‐nomifensine. In a hemi‐parkinsonian patient this ratio was 1.1 contralaterally and 1.3 ipsilaterally to the affected side. 11C‐nomifensine and PET seems to be an auspicious method to measure the striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals of man in vivo.