Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular propagation through crossings and avoided crossings of electron energy levels

The time–dependent Born–Oppenheimer approximation describes the quantum mechanical motion of molecular systems. This approximation fails if a wavepacket propagates through an electron energy level crossing or “avoided crossing. ” We discuss the various types of crossings and avoided crossings and describe what happens when molecular systems propagate through them. It is not practical to solve the time–dependent Schrödinger equation for molecular systems, but one can obtain useful information by using the time–dependent Born– Oppenheimer approximation. Although it is extremely useful, this approximation fails under certain circumstances. The simplest failures occur at crossings and avoided crossings of the electron energy levels. In this note we briefly summarize the results of [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. These papers classify crossings and avoided crossings and analyze what happens when molecular systems propagate through them. ∗Partially Supported by National Science Foundation Grant DMS–9703751. The standard Born–Oppenheimer approximation exploits the smallness of the parameter ǫ, where ǫ is the ratio of the mass of an electron to the average of the masses of the nuclei in the molecular system. The largest value of ǫ that occurs in a real molecule is approximately 0.15. The time–dependent Schrödinger equation for a molecule can be written in the form i ǫ ∂ψ ∂t = − ǫ 2 ∆X ψ + h(X)ψ, (1) where h(X) is a family of self-adjoint operators on the electron Hilbert space Hel that depends paramterically on the nuclear configuration variable X ∈ IR. The variable X describes the positions of all the nuclei, and the dimension n is 3k, where k is the number of nuclei. The Born–Oppenheimer approximation [1] provides an algorithm for approximately solving this equation for small values of ǫ. We briefly describe this algorithm in the simplest situation where the electron state is non-degenerate. The details can be found, e.g., in [1] or [3]. The first step is to solve the eigenvalue problem h(X) Φ(X) = E(X) Φ(X) for the electron Hamiltonian h(X) for each X. We assume E(X) ∈ IR and Φ(X) ∈ Hel are chosen to depend continuously on X. In elementary situations, E(X) is a simple, isolated eigenvalue of h(X) for each X. The second step is to solve for the semiclassical motion of the nuclei with the electron energy level E(·) playing the role of an effective potential. To do this, we solve Hamilton’s equations
Correlation Preserving Indexing Based Text Clustering

Correlation study is at the heart of time-varying multivariate volume data analysis and visualization. Document clustering is related to data clustering concept which is one of data mining tasks and unsupervised classification. Clustering is a useful technique that organizes a large quantity of unordered text documents into a small number of meaningful and coherent clusters, thereby providing a basis for intuitive and informative navigation and browsing mechanisms. It is often applied to the huge data in order to make a partition based on their similarity. Initially, it used for Information Retrieval in order to improve the precision and recall from query. It is very easy to cluster with small data attributes which contains of important items. Furthermore, document clustering is very useful in retrieve information application in order to reduce the consuming time and get high precision and recall. Therefore, we propose to integrate the information retrieval method and document clustering as concept space approach. The method is known as Latent Semantic Index (LSI) approach which used Singular Vector Decomposition (SVD) or Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The aim of this method is to reduce the matrix dimension by finding the pattern in document collection with refers to concurrent of the terms. Each method is implemented to weight of termdocument in vector space model (VSM) for document clustering.
DCV route control in baggage handling systems using a hierarchical control architecture and mixed integer linear programming ∗

Modern baggage handling systems transport the baggage at high speeds, on a network of tracks, using destination coded vehicles (DCV). In order to ensure the optimal routing of DCVs, in this paper we propose a hierarchical control framework. In this framework switch controllers provide position instructions for each switch in the network. The switch controllers are then supervised by a so-called network controller that mainly takes care of flows of DCVs. The routing control problem for the network controller is a nonlinear, mixed integer optimization problem, with high computational requirements, which makes it intractable in practice. Therefore, we present an alternative approach for reducing the complexity of the computations by approximating the nonlinear optimization problem and rewriting it as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. The advantage is that for MILP problems solvers are available that allow us to efficiently compute the global optimal solution. The solution of the MILP problem is then used for computing optimal switch control actions. For a benchmark case study we compare the hierarchical route control with switch control approaches that have been developed previously. Results indicate that the proposed hierarchical control offers a balanced trade-off between optimality and computational efficiency.
ON THE ROTATION-ACTIVITY CORRELATION FOR ACTIVE BINARY STARS

We present an investigation of rotation–activity correlations using International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) SWP measurements of the C iv emission line at 1550A for 72 active binary systems. We use a standard stellar evolution code to derive non-empirical Rossby numbers, R0, for each star in our sample and compare the resulting C iv rotation–activity correlation to that found for empirically derived values of the Rossby number and that based on rotation alone. For dwarf stars our values of R0 do not differ greatly from empirical ones and we find a corresponding lack of improvement in correlation. Only a marginal improvement in correlation is found for evolved components in our sample. We discuss possible additional factors, other than rotation or convection, that may influence the activity levels in active binaries. Our observational data imply, in contrast to the theoretical predictions of convective motions, that activity is only weakly related to mass in evolved stars. We conclude that current dynamo theory is limited in its application to the study of active stars because of the uncertainty in the angular velocity-depth profile in stellar interiors and the unknown effects of binarity and surface gravity.
Conventional Versus Biological Therapy for Prevention of Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence in Patients With Crohn's Disease: an International, Multicenter, and Observational Study

Background/Aims Postoperative endoscopic recurrence (PER) occurs in nearly 80% of patients 1 year after ileocecal resection in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Biological agents were more effective in reducing the rates of PER in comparison with conventional therapy, in prospective trials. The aim of this study was to compare the PER rates of biological versus conventional therapy after ileocecal resections in patients with CD in real-world practice. Methods The MULTIPER (Multicenter International Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence) database is a retrospective analysis of PER rates in CD patients after ileocecal resection, from 7 referral centers in 3 different countries. All consecutive patients who underwent ileocecal resections between 2008 and 2012 and in whom colonoscopies had been performed up to 12 months after surgery, were included. Recurrence was defined as Rutgeerts' score ≥i2. The patients were allocated to either biological or conventional therapy after surgery, and PER rates were compared between the groups. Results Initially, 231 patients were evaluated, and 63 were excluded. Of the 168 patients in the database, 96 received anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and 72 were treated with conventional therapy after resection. The groups were comparable regarding age, gender, and perianal disease. There was longer disease duration, more previous resections, and more open surgical procedures in patients on biologicals postoperatively. PER was identified in 25/96 (26%) patients on biological therapy and in 24/72 (33.3%) patients on conventional therapy (P=0.310). Conclusions In this retrospective observational analysis from an international database, no difference was observed between biological and conventional therapy in preventing PER after ileocecal resections in CD patients.
Consumers ’ Awareness of , Attitudes Towards and Adoption of Mobile Phone Security

Mobile phones are used frequently, and people keep them turned on for extended periods of time. In this paper we examine to what extent current mobile phone security functionality is adopted and also about interest in future authentication methods. A student survey was conducted (N = 97) targeting Swedish security students’ awareness, attitudes and adoption of mobile phone security functionality. Also, ten retailers were interviewed about customers’ mobile phone security attitudes when purchasing a mobile phone. Student respondents were classified according to a simplified version of Rogers’ technology adoption model. The sample was biased: 16% were classified as “Early adopters” whereas 46% were classified as “Laggards”. Half of the sample was below 30 years of age, four our out of 10 were females; six out of ten had a subscription whereas four out of ten had prepaid. Awareness of security functionality was poor. Respondents seemed unaware of any security functionality other than the PIN, and that there exists two levels of security, one protecting the SIM card (PIN code) and one protecting the handset (phone security code). PIN code authentication was adopted by 82% whereas a very modest adoption of the phone security code authentication was found (15%). 33% did not use it whereas approx. half of the sample was not aware of its existence. Users who refrain from using the PIN code considered it significantly more troublesome to enter it. Females were significantly more concerned about their mobile phone than males: 95% use the PIN code compared to 80% of the men. Users who had a subscription were significantly more interested in protecting their mobile phone against unauthorized usage than users who used pre-paid. Age significantly influences adoption of (new) technology, with younger people being more inclined to adopt innovations. Attitudes towards increased security were good in general, but attitudes towards biometrics were poor. The retailers claimed that customers did not ask about security issues. The need for further study to distinguish between adopting and accepting security functionality is discussed.
Model-Driven Traffic Data Acquisition in Vehicular Sensor Networks

In recent years, the global position system (GPS) is widely used in technical products, such as navigation devices, GPS loggers, PDAs and mobile phones. Hence, traffic data collection platforms are proposed to collect GPS data points for traffic monitoring. In traffic data collection platforms, each vehicle equips with GPS modules and the wireless communication interfaces, such as 3G or WiFi networks, and the GPS data sensed (e.g., the speed and the position) are sent to the server. One challenge issue is that if a significant number of vehicles upload their GPS data points at the same time, it is possible that the wireless network cannot offer enough network resources for simultaneous network connections. This paper proposes a framework MDC (standing for Model-based Data Collection) to reduce the amount of data transmission and the number of vehicles reporting their GPS data points. The MDC framework is executed at the server and vehicle side collaboratively. In the vehicle side, given a series of GPS data points, model functions are derived to represent the raw GPS data points. Hence, each vehicle could report some coefficients that describe its movements instead of reporting all position information. Since vehicles move along with road segments that are usually a set of line segments, algorithm LR (standing for Liner Regression) is proposed to determine a set of line functions to represent movements of vehicles. By observing the spatial-temporal locality in traffic data, algorithm KR (standing for Kernel Regression) is developed to derive a set of kernel functions to model a series of speed readings sensed. Moreover, with the spatial-temporal locality feature in traffic data, an in-network aggregation mechanism are proposed to determine a set of groups and for each group, only one vehicle needs to report traffic data, thereby further reducing the number of simultaneous connections. Experimental results show that MDC can collect traffic data effectively and the efficiently.
Approximation algorithms for reducing classification cost in ensembles of classifiers

We develop approximation algorithms for reducing expected classification cost, when there is a cost associated with obtaining the value of each attribute, and we are doing classification based on an ensemble of linear threshold classifiers. We focus on the stochastic setting where attribute values are independent, and their distributions are given. We review related work based on reductions to Stochastic Submodular Set Cover. We prove approximation bounds for determining the majority prediction of the classifiers in the ensemble, and for detemrining the prediction of at least one classifier.
Fronthaul Compression and Transmit Beamforming Optimization for Multi-Antenna Uplink C-RAN

This paper considers the joint fronthaul compression and transmit beamforming design for the uplink cloud radio access network (C-RAN), in which multi-antenna users communicate with a cloud-computing based centralized processor (CP) through multi-antenna base-stations (BSs) serving as relay nodes. A compress-and-forward relaying strategy, named the virtual multiple-access channel (VMAC) scheme, is employed, in which the BSs can either perform single-user compression or Wyner-Ziv coding to quantize the received signals and send the quantization bits to the CP via capacity-limited fronthaul links; the CP performs successive decoding with either successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver or linear minimum-mean square-error (MMSE) receiver. Under this setup, this paper investigates the joint optimization of the transmit beamformers and the quantization noise covariance matrices for maximizing the network utility. A novel weighted minimum-mean-square-error successive convex approximation (WMMSE-SCA) algorithm is first proposed for maximizing the weighted sum rate under the user transmit power and fronthaul capacity constraints with single-user compression. Assuming a heuristic decompression order, the proposed algorithm is then adapted for optimizing the transmit beamforming and fronthaul compression under Wyner-Ziv coding. This paper also proposes a low-complexity separate design consisting of optimizing transmit beamformers for the Gaussian vector multiple-access channel along with per-antenna quantizers with uniform quantization noise levels across the antennas at each BS. Numerical results show that majority of the performance gain brought by C-RAN comes from the implementation of SIC at the CP. Furthermore, the low complexity separate design already performs very close to the optimized joint design in regime of practical interest.
Propagation algorithm of behavior probability in power estimation based on multiple-valued logic

This paper analyses the propagation operations of signal's multiple-valued behavior while passing through the basic gates. Based on it the propagation algorithm of behavior probability is proposed. In comparison with the propagation algorithm of signal probability this algorithm have advantages that the calculation is direct one and the glitches resulted from race hazard can be taken into account, whereby the estimation accuracy of power dissipation can be improved.
Microbial Community Profiling of Human Saliva Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing

Human saliva is clinically informative of both oral and general health. Since next generation shotgun sequencing (NGS) is now widely used to identify and quantify bacteria, we investigated the bacterial flora of saliva microbiomes of two healthy volunteers and five datasets from the Human Microbiome Project, along with a control dataset containing short NGS reads from bacterial species representative of the bacterial flora of human saliva. GENIUS, a system designed to identify and quantify bacterial species using unassembled short NGS reads was used to identify the bacterial species comprising the microbiomes of the saliva samples and datasets. Results, achieved within minutes and at greater than 90% accuracy, showed more than 175 bacterial species comprised the bacterial flora of human saliva, including bacteria known to be commensal human flora but also Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Gamma proteobacteria. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) analysis in parallel, reported ca. five times more species than those actually comprising the in silico sample. Both GENIUSand BLAST analyses of saliva samples identified major genera comprising the bacterial flora of saliva, but GENIUS provided a more precise description of species composition, identifying to strain in most cases and delivered results at least 10,000 times faster. Therefore, GENIUS offers a facile and accurate system for identification and quantification of bacterial species and/or strains in metagenomic samples.
Mobile phone based social relationship identification for target vaccination in mobile healthcare

In general, vaccination is believed to be the best method to protect humans against diseases. Many works suggest that outbreaks can be controlled by target vaccination strategies without resorting to the traditional mass vaccination. In this paper, we explore the use of mobile phone records for extracting user social relationship information, which is then employed in target vaccination. In particular, we investigate the influence of vaccination through the social network on disease control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to consider the diffusion of vaccination influence. We evaluate our approach over real world data and simulation results indicate that our approach outperforms well employed methods by reducing not only the number of infections but also the cost of vaccination.
Cardiomyocytes generated from CPVTD307H patients are arrhythmogenic in response to β-adrenergic stimulation

Sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmias is a disastrous event, especially when it occurs in young individuals. Among the five major arrhythmogenic disorders occurring in the absence of a structural heart disease is catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), which is a highly lethal form of inherited arrhythmias. Our study focuses on the autosomal recessive form of the disease caused by the missense mutation D307H in the cardiac calsequestrin gene, CASQ2. Because CASQ2 is a key player in excitation contraction coupling, the derangements in intracellular Ca2+ handling may cause delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), which constitute the mechanism underlying CPVT. To investigate catecholamine‐induced arrhythmias in the CASQ2 mutated cells, we generated for the first time CPVT‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming fibroblasts from skin biopsies of two patients, and demonstrated that the iPSCs carry the CASQ2 mutation. Next, iPSCs were differentiated to cardiomyocytes (iPSCs‐CMs), which expressed the mutant CASQ2 protein. The major findings were that the β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol caused in CPVT iPSCs‐CMs (but not in the control cardiomyocytes) DADs, oscillatory arrhythmic prepotentials, after‐contractions and diastolic [Ca2+]i rise. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that compared with control iPSCs‐CMs, CPVT iPSCs‐CMs displayed a more immature phenotype with less organized myofibrils, enlarged sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae and reduced number of caveolae. In summary, our results demonstrate that the patient‐specific mutated cardiomyocytes can be used to study the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying CPVT.
Recognition of Visual Object Classes

Object recognition is both about recognizing speciic objects, e.g., \That is my dog Spot. " and about recognizing classes of objects, e.g., \That is a dog. " Our focus is on the latter problem, even though we do not ooer a precise deenition for what constitutes a class. In some cases, for example with human faces, the objects in a class are visually similar and form a visual object class. In other cases, say chairs, objects in the class may not look at all alike|the only similarities are in function. Recognition of functional object classes requires higher-level cognitive reasoning, we restrict here our attention to visual object classes. The main diiculty in object recognition is the problem of invariance. The pixel representation provided by the camera is dependent upon the lighting conditions, object pose, camera position, etc. Further, there is inherent variability between diierent instances from the same object class. Our approach to this problem is to model an object class as a set of local parts arranged in a deformable spatial connguration. For example, human faces consist of parts such as the eyes, nose, and mouth whose positions in the image plane vary with pose and expression as well as from individual to individual. The allowed object deformations are represented through shape statistics, which are learned from examples. Instances of an object in an image are detected by nding the appropriate features in the correct spatial connguration. The algorithm is robust with respect to partial occlusion, detector false alarms, and missed features. A 94% success rate is demonstrated for the problem of locating quasi-frontal views of faces in cluttered scenes.
Convergent extension, planar-cell-polarity signalling and initiation of mouse neural tube closure

Planar-cell-polarity (PCP) signalling is necessary for initiation of neural tube closure in higher vertebrates. In mice with PCP gene mutations, a broad embryonic midline prevents the onset of neurulation through wide spacing of the neural folds. In order to evaluate the role of convergent extension in this defect, we vitally labelled the midline of loop-tail (Lp) embryos mutant for the PCP gene Vangl2. Injection of DiI into the node, and electroporation of a GFP expression vector into the midline neural plate, revealed defective convergent extension in both axial mesoderm and neuroepithelium, before the onset of neurulation. Chimeras containing both wild-type and Lp-mutant cells exhibited mainly wild-type cells in the midline neural plate and notochordal plate, consistent with a cell-autonomous disturbance of convergent extension. Inhibitor studies in whole-embryo culture demonstrated a requirement for signalling via RhoA-Rho kinase, but not jun N-terminal kinase, in convergent extension and the onset of neural tube closure. These findings identify a cell-autonomous defect of convergent extension, requiring PCP signalling via RhoA-Rho kinase, during the development of severe neural tube defects in the mouse.