Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complementary and alternative interventions for fatigue management after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

Background: We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of complementary and alternative interventions for fatigue after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: We searched multiple online sources including ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library database, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, the Web of Science, AMED, PsychINFO, Toxline, ProQuest Digital Dissertations, PEDro, PsycBite, and the World Health Organization (WHO) trial registry, in addition to hand searching of grey literature. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Jadad scale, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. A descriptive review was performed. Results: Ten RCTs of interventions for post-TBI fatigue (PTBIF) that included 10 types of complementary and alternative interventions were assessed in our study. There were four types of physical interventions including aquatic physical activity, fitness-center-based exercise, Tai Chi, and aerobic training. The three types of cognitive and behavioral interventions (CBIs) were cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), and computerized working-memory training. The Flexyx Neurotherapy System (FNS) and cranial electrotherapy were the two types of biofeedback therapy, and finally, one type of light therapy was included. Although the four types of intervention included aquatic physical activity, MBSR, computerized working-memory training and blue-light therapy showed unequivocally effective results, the quality of evidence was low/very low according to the GRADE system. Conclusions: The present systematic review of existing RCTs suggests that aquatic physical activity, MBSR, computerized working-memory training, and blue-light therapy may be beneficial treatments for PTBIF. Due to the many flaws and limitations in these studies, further controlled trials using these interventions for PTBIF are necessary.
Nanoethosomes for transdermal delivery of tropisetron HCl: multi-factorial predictive modeling, characterization, and ex vivo skin permeation

Abstract Objective: The aim of the present work is to exclusively optimize and model the effect of phospholipid type either egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) or soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), together with other formulation variables, on the development of nano-ethosomal systems for transdermal delivery of a water-soluble antiemetic drug. Tropisetron HCl (TRO) is available as hard gelatin capsules and IV injections. The transdermal delivery of TRO is considered as a novel alternative route supposing to improve BAV as well as patient convenience. Methods: TRO-loaded ethanolic vesicular systems were prepared by hot technique. The effect of formulation variables were optimized through a response surface methodology using 3 × 22-level full factorial design. The concentrations of both PC (A) and ethanol (B) and PC type (C) were the factors, while entrapment efficiency (Y1), vesicle size (Y2), polydispersity index (Y3), and zeta potential (Y4) were the responses. The drug permeation across rat skin from selected formulae was studied. Particle morphology, drug–excipient interactions, and vesicle stability were also investigated. Results: The results proved the critical role of all formulation variables on ethosomal characteristics. The suggested models for all responses showed good predictability. Only the concentration of phospholipid, irrespective to PC type, had a significant effect on the transdermal flux (p < 0.01). The ethosomal vesicles were unilamellar with a nearly spherical shape. EPC-based ethosomes proved good stability. Conclusion: The study suggests the applicability of statistical modeling as a promising tool for prediction of ethosomal characteristics. The ethanolic vesicles were considered as novel potential nanocarriers for accentuated transdermal TRO delivery.
A brief history of the idea of opportunity

Entrepreneurship, by its nature, is about genesis – ‘In the beginning . ’ (Hillman, 1987): the process of creation (be it manifest through an idea, thing, group, organization, community, market, or society) is ontologically about beginnings. Origins matter. So, when we focus on the beginnings of any phenomenon, we tend to look for ‘a beginning’ rather than get bogged down in trying to figure out what might have happened before it began. The problem of genesis is that a beginning does not have a ‘prebeginning’. Or does it? Can there be a history to something before it began? We tend to set a marker for when something begins, and start there, rather than consider what might become an infinite regression backwards in time: from prebeginning, to preprebeginning, to prepreprebeginning . And this is often where history finds itself. When do we begin with the history of an idea? The history of the idea of opportunity in entrepreneurship scholarship has a ‘beginning’ problem. When did ‘opportunity’ become an essential part of the definition of entrepreneurship? While the fulcrum point of scholarship on the importance of opportunity to entrepreneurship seems to pivot with the publication of Shane and Venkataraman’s ‘The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research’ in the Academy of Management Review in 2000, was this article the beginning of research and thought on opportunity, itself? While Shane and Venkataraman point to some prior scholarship on the idea of opportunity (e.g. Schumpeter, 1934; Drucker, 1985/2014; Casson, 1982; Baumol, 1993; Kirzner, 1997), many scholars have resorted to using the Shane and Venkataraman (2000) article as the beginning of their thought about the nature of opportunity as the key characteristic of entrepreneurship (cf. Alvarez and Barney, 2007; McMullen et al., 2007; Plummer et al., 2007; Shepherd et al., 2007). This gambit seems to be, from our point of view, a bit shortsighted. The intention of this chapter is to explore this question: What was
The International Charitable Nonprofit Subsector: Scope, Size, and Revenue

This brief provides an overview of the report, The International Charitable Nonprofit Subsector in the United States . It provides a snapshot of the international subsector through an analysis of trends in their size, resources, and scope from FY 2001 to FY 2003 in three major areas of operation: international development and assistance, international understanding, and international affairs. The brief confirms the central role of private support and financing for foreign aid and provides a window into the financial health of these organizations. It also gives an overview of the geographic concentrations and the depth of U.S. international nonprofit activities and enumerates the importance of small organizations.
Contributions Immunolocalization of the Toxin Latrunculin B within the Red Sea Sponge

The location of latrunculin B, the major toxin of the Red Sea sponge Negombata magnifica, was revealed using specific antibodies. Antibodies from rabbits immunized with a conjugate of latrunculin B with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) were purified over a latrunculin B–Sepharose affinity column. Analysis of immunohistochemical and immunogold-stained sponge sections, using light and transmission electron microscopy, revealed latrunculin B labeling mostly beneath the sponge cortex at the border between the external (ectosome) and internal (endosome) layers (ectosome-endosome border). The endosome was less labeled than the border. Immunogold localization revealed latrunculin B in the sponge cells but not in its prokaryotic symbionts. Archeocytes and choanocytes were significantly more labeled than other cells. The antibodies primarily labeled membrane-limited vacuoles within archeocytes and choanocytes that are perhaps latrunculin B secretory or storage vesicles. Peripheral latrunculin B may have a role in defense against external epibionts, predators, and competitors.
CLASSIFICATION BY NON-PARAMETRIC BAYESIAN METHODS

In this paper, we propose an application of non-parametric Bayesian (NPB) models to classification of fetal heart rate recordings. More specifically, the models are used to discriminate between fetal heart rate recordings that belong to fetuses that may have adverse asphyxia outcomes and those that are considered normal. In our work we rely on models based on hierarchical Dirichlet processes. Two mixture models were inferred from recordings that represent healthy and unhealthy fetuses, respectively. The models were then used to classify new recordings. We compared the classification performance of the NPB models with that of support vector machines on real data and concluded that the NPB models achieved better performance.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid is a potent in vitro scavenger of peroxynitrite, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid and prevents in vivo ozone-induced tyrosine nitration in lungs

The antioxidant nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) has recently become well known as a putative anticancer drug. In this paper, it was evaluated the in vitro peroxynitrite (ONOO− ), singlet oxygen (1O2), hydroxyl radical (OH√), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging capacity of NDGA. It was found that NDGA scavenges: (a) ONOO− (IC50 = 4 ± 0.94 μM) as efficiently as uric acid; (b) 1O2 (IC50 = 151 ± 20 μM) more efficiently than dimethyl thiourea, lipoic acid, N-acetyl-cysteine and glutathione; (c) OH√ (IC50 = 0.15 ± 0.02 μM) more efficiently than dimethyl thiourea, uric acid, trolox, dimethyl sulfoxide and mannitol, (d) (IC50 = 15 ± 1 μM) more efficiently than N-acetyl-cysteine, glutathione, tempol and deferoxamine and (e) HOCl (IC50 = 622 ± 42 μM) as efficiently as lipoic acid and N-acetyl-cysteine. NDGA was unable to scavenge H2O2. In an in vivo study in rats, NDGA was able to prevent ozone-induced tyrosine nitration in lungs. It is concluded that NDGA is a potent in vitro scavenger of ONOO− , 1O2, OH√, and HOCl and is able to prevent lung tyrosine nitration in vivo.
Changes in the Spinal Cord Proteome of an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Murine Model Determined by Differential In-gel Electrophoresis*

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of motor neurons resulting in progressive paralysis. To date, more than 140 different mutations in the gene encoding CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) have been associated with ALS. Several transgenic murine models exist in which various mutant SOD1s are expressed. We used DIGE to analyze the changes in the spinal cord proteome induced by expression of the unstable SOD1 truncation mutant G127insTGGG (G127X) in mice. Unlike mutants used in most other models, G127X lacks SOD activity and is present at low levels, thus reducing the risk of overexpression artifacts. The mice were analyzed at their peak body weights just before onset of symptoms. Variable importance plot analysis showed that 420 of 1,800 detected protein spots contributed significantly to the differences between the groups. By MALDI-TOF MS analysis, 54 differentially regulated proteins were identified. One spot was found to be a covalently linked mutant SOD1 dimer, apparently analogous to SOD1-immunoreactive bands migrating at double the molecular weight of SOD1 monomers previously detected in humans and mice carrying mutant SOD1s and in sporadic ALS cases. Analyses of affected functional pathways and the subcellular representation of alterations suggest that the toxicity exerted by mutant SODs induces oxidative stress and affects mitochondria, cellular assembly/organization, and protein degradation.
Net Effect of Inoculum Size on Antimicrobial Action of Ampicillin-Sulbactam: Studies Using an In Vitro Dynamic Model

To examine the predictable effect of inoculum size on the kinetics of the antimicrobial action of ampicillin-sulbactam, five TEM-1 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains were studied in an in vitro dynamic model at two different initial inocula (N0S). All bacteria were exposed to ampicillin-sulbactam in a simulated system reflecting the pharmacokinetic profiles in human tissue after the administration of a single intravenous dose of ampicillin (2 g) plus sulbactam (1 g). Each strain was studied at low (4.0 to 5.2 log CFU/ml) and high (5.0 to 7.1 log CFU/ml) N0S. Despite pronounced differences in susceptibilities, the patterns of the killing curves observed with a given strain at different N0S were similar. As expected, viable bacterial counts increased with inoculum size. Striking visual contrasts in the respective curves for each organism were reflected by the area under the bacterial count-time curve (AUBC) but not by the difference between the N0 and the lowest bacterial counts (Nmin) at the nadir of the killing curve: the N0-associated changes in the AUBC on average were 75%, versus 2.5% for log N0--logNmin. To examine qualitative differences in antimicrobial effects at different N0S (i.e., the net effect of the inoculum), the difference in the high and low N0S was subtracted from each point on the killing curve obtained at the higher N0 for each strain. These adjusted curves were virtually superimposable on the observed killing curves obtained at the lower N0. Moreover, by using adjusted data, the AUBC values were similar at the two inocula, although slight (average, 11%) but systematic increases in the AUBC occurred at high N0S. Thus, there was only a weak net effect of inoculum size on the antibacterial effect of ampicillin-sulbactam. Due to similar slopes of the AUBC-log N0 plots, the antibacterial action at different N0S may be easily predicted by an approximate equation; the predicted AUBCs were unbiased and well correlated with the observed AUBCs (r = 0.997). Compiled data obtained with normalized AUBCs for different strains at different N0S yielded a positive correlation (r = 0.963) between the N0-normalized AUBC and the MIC of ampicillin-sulbactam. The adjustment and normalization procedure described might be a useful tool for revealing the net effect of the inoculum and to predict the inoculum effect if there are no qualitative differences in antimicrobial action at different inocula.
Bisdemethoxycurcumin induces DNA damage and inhibits DNA repair associated protein expressions in NCI‐H460 human lung cancer cells

Nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a devastating primary lung tumor resistant to conventional therapies. Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) is one of curcumin derivate from Turmeric and has been shown to induce NSCLC cell death. Although there is one report to show BDMC induced DNA double strand breaks, however, no available information to show BDMC induced DNA damage action with inhibited DNA repair protein in lung cancer cells in detail. In this study, we tested BDMC‐induced DNA damage and condensation in NCI‐H460 cells by using Comet assay and DAPI staining examinations, respectively and we found BDMC induced DNA damage and condension. Western blotting was used to examine the effects of BDMC on protein expression associated with DNA damage and repair and results indicated that BDMC suppressed the protein levels associated with DNA damage and repair, such as 14‐3‐3σ (an important checkpoint keeper of DDR), O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase, DNA repair proteins breast cancer 1, early onset, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint 1 but activate phosphorylated p53 and p‐H2A.X (phospho Ser140) in NCI‐H460 cells. Confocal laser systems microscopy was used for examining the protein translocation and results show that BDMC increased the translocation of p‐p53 and p‐H2A.X (phospho Ser140) from cytosol to nuclei in NCI‐H460 cells. In conclusion, BDMC induced DNA damage and condension and affect DNA repair proteins in NCI‐H460 cells in vitro. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1859–1868, 2016.
Anterior thalamic paraventricular nucleus is involved in intermittent access ethanol drinking: role of orexin receptor 2

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) has been shown to participate in hedonic feeding and is thought to influence drug seeking. This understudied nucleus contains anterior (aPVT) and posterior (pPVT) subregions, which receive dense projections from hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin (OX) but exhibit anatomical and functional differences. This study sought to characterize in Long‐Evans rats the involvement of these PVT subregions and their OX receptor activity in consumption of the drug, ethanol. Compared with those maintained on water and chow only (water group), rats trained to drink pharmacologically relevant levels of ethanol (ethanol group) showed increased neuronal activation in the PVT, specifically the aPVT but not pPVT, as indicated by c‐Fos immunoreactivity. Similar results were obtained in rats administered ethanol via oral gavage, indicating that this site‐specific effect was due to ethanol exposure. In support of the involvement of OX, the ethanol group also showed increased mRNA levels of this neuropeptide in the hypothalamus and of OX 2 receptor (OX2R) but not OX 1 receptor (OX1R), again in the aPVT but not pPVT. Similarly, ethanol gavage increased double labeling of c‐Fos with OX2R but not OX1R, specifically in the aPVT. Evidence directly supporting a role for aPVT OX2R in ethanol consumption was provided by results with local injections, showing ethanol intake to be enhanced by OX‐A or OX‐B in the aPVT but not pPVT and reduced by a local antagonist of OX2R but not OX1R. These results focus attention on the aPVT and specifically its OX2R in mediating a positive feedback relationship with ethanol intake.
CEO transformational and transactional leadership and organizational innovation: The moderating role of environmental dynamism

Purpose – Organizational innovation is critical for firm competitive advantage. Yet, we do not know enough about the relationship between leadership and organizational innovation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) transformational and transactional leadership on organizational innovation. The authors examine the moderating role of environmental dynamism. Design/methodology/approach – The authors collected survey-based data from top management team members in 163 companies in services, construction, manufacturing and other industries in the USA. The authors used multiple regression analyses to test the study hypotheses. Findings – The empirical findings indicate that CEO transformational and transactional leadership behaviors positively influence organizational innovation. However, organizations benefit more from transformational leadership in dynamic environments. Originality/value – This study highlights the role of CEO leadership behavior in the pursu.
A Novel Bayesian Framework for Online Imbalanced Learning

We present OCSB, a novel online Bayesian framework for imbalance multi-class data streams. To the best of our knowledge, OCSB is the first online method applying both cost-sensitive learning and sampling technique in a single classifier to deal with class imbalance learning. Specifically, an artificial cost matrix is designed and adapted in a sequential manner to not only boost the accuracy of minority classes but also guarantee stable Gmean - geometric mean of the accuracies for all classes. Furthermore, we introduce a new intermediate random sampling strategy with over- sampled minority classes and under-sampled majority classes. This offers twofold benefit: learning the rare classes properly and reducing the cost caused by the redundant data of majority classes. Experimental results show that our OCSB outperforms very recent well-known methods for online imbalanced learning algorithms in the literature.
Developing entrepreneurial leadership: the challenge for sustainable organisations

This article explores the emerging contribution of leadership development to sustainable entrepreneurship. It addresses the need to develop research and effective practices, and suggests how this may be achieved in the context of the challenges organisations which aim for sustainability face in generating longer-term entrepreneurial leadership; in developing an entrepreneurial culture, and in facilitating people into leadership roles which bring about continuing innovation, development and growth. Based on a critical review of the relevant literature and on case-based research, a model for the development of sustainable entrepreneurial leadership is developed with four related themes of strategic direction, culture, community and entrepreneurial innovation. These are proposed as essential contributors to the development of leadership for longer-term sustainability of such organisations and to suggest a future research pathway. The article summarises four case studies developed from research with entrepreneurial leaders in sustainable community organisations, including private, ‘for-profit’, community, and social enterprise organisations, two in Canada and two in the United Kingdom. Interpretation of the cases identifies the importance of the leaders’ principles and ethical values; community involvement; opportunity scanning; and social innovation.
From Discipline to Dynamic Pedagogy: A Re-Conceptualization of Classroom Management.

The purpose of this article is to re-conceptualize the definition of classroom management, moving away from its traditional definition rooted in discipline and control toward a definition that focuses on the creation of a positive learning environment. Integrating innovative, culturally responsive classroom management theories, frameworks, and strategies from contemporary educators, this article examines a new theoretical and conceptual foundation for classroom management—the Dynamic Classroom Management Approach (DCMA)—which consolidates these ideas into one cohesive framework. Four major components of DCMA are examined in detail: (a) flexibility and adaptability in one’s management style, (b) understanding the context of students’ diverse backgrounds, (c) effective pedagogy, and (d) creating a positive classroom culture and community. Each component focuses on why and how educators can meet the needs of all students to create a positive learning environment that proactively engages them while mitigating behavioral issues.
Compact modeling of vertical hall-effect devices: electrical behavior

This paper presents the development of a design-oriented compact model of vertical Hall-effect sensors integrated in CMOS technologies. Such a model makes easier the design of integrated Hall systems, permitting designers to co-simulate the Hall sensing element with the biasing and processing electronics thanks to a single electrical simulator. Here focus is put on the electrical behavior, i.e. the resistive behavior of a 5-contact vertical Hall device. The model is based both on theoretical considerations and on FEM numerical simulations performed with COMSOL®. The result is a new predictive compact model, written in Verilog-A, with 7 input terminals and 14 parameters, mainly sensor geometrical and technological parameters. These parameters can be easily extracted from measurements carried out on a single sensor. The compact model has been validated by FEM simulations, as well as by comparing its response with experimental results obtained from a vertical Hall device fabricated in a CMOS 0.35 μm technology. The root mean square error of the model with respect to experimental results obtained on a wide range of typical sensor biasing conditions is below 2 %. Such a resistive model opens the way to an efficient, complete compact model of the vertical Hall device, i.e. including the Hall-effect as well as all the second-order galvanomagnetic effects.