Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting Symbian OS malware through static function call analysis

Smartphones become very critical part of our lives as they offer advanced capabilities with PC-like functionalities. They are getting widely deployed while not only being used for classical voice-centric communication. New smartphone malwares keep emerging where most of them still target Symbian OS. In the case of Symbian OS, application signing seemed to be an appropriate measure for slowing down malware appearance. Unfortunately, latest examples showed that signing can be bypassed resulting in new malware outbreak. In this paper, we present a novel approach to static malware detection in resource-limited mobile environments. This approach can be used to extend currently used third-party application signing mechanisms for increasing malware detection capabilities. In our work, we extract function calls from binaries in order to apply our clustering mechanism, called centroid. This method is capable of detecting unknown malwares. Our results are promising where the employed mechanism might find application at distribution channels, like online application stores. Additionally, it seems suitable for directly being used on smartphones for (pre-)checking installed applications.
Reeb Space Approximation with Guarantees

The Reeb space, which generalizes the notion of a Reeb graph, is one of the few tools in topological data analysis and visualization suitable for the study of multivariate scientific datasets. First introduced by Edelsbrunner et al. [3], the Reeb space of a multivariate mapping f : X→ R parameterizes the set of components of preimages of points in R. In this paper, we formally prove the convergence between the Reeb space and its discrete approximation, mapper, in terms of an interleaving distance between them. At a fixed resolution of the discretization, such a distance allows us to quantify the approximation quality and leads to a Reeb space approximation algorithm with guarantees based upon established techniques. 1 Reeb Graphs and Reeb Spaces Multivariate datasets arise in many scientific applications, ranging from oceanography to astrophysics, from chemistry to meteorology, from nuclear engineering to molecular dynamics. Consider, for example, combustion or climate simulation where various physical measurements (e.g. temperature and pressure) or concentrations of multiple chemical species are computed simultaneously. We model these variables mathematically as multiple continuous, realvalued functions defined on a shared domain and represented as a multivariate mapping f = {f1, · · · , fr} : X → R. We are interested in understanding the relationships between these real-valued functions, and more generally, in developing efficient and effective tools for their analysis and visualization. When r = 1, we can study the Reeb graph [6], which contracts each contour (i.e. component of a level set) of a real-valued function to a single point and uses a graph representation to summarize the connections between these contours. When the domain is simply connected, this construction is referred to as a contour tree [8]. Recent work by de Silva et al. [2] has shown that the data of a Reeb graph can be stored in a category-theoretic object called a cosheaf, which opened the way for defining a metric for Reeb graphs known as the interleaving distance. In the case of multivariate data (r ≥ 1), we generalize the idea of the Reeb graph to the Reeb space [3]. Let f : X → R be a generic, continuous, piecewise linear (PL) mapping defined on a combinatorial d-manifold. Intuitively, the Reeb space of f parametrizes the set of components of preimages of points in R [3]. Two points x, y ∈ X are equivalent, denoted by x ∼ y, if f(x) = f(y) and x and y belong to the same path connected component of the preimage, f−1(f(x)) = f−1(f(y)). The Reeb space is the quotient space obtained by identifying equivalent points, that is, RSf = X/ ∼, together with the quotient topology inherited from X. The Reeb graph can then be considered a special case in this context when r = 1. Reeb spaces have been shown to have triangulations and canonical stratifications into manifolds [3].
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences Extracting Entities and Relationships from Arabic Text for Information System

This paper addresses the problem of the development of Arabic Natural Language Interface for Information System Design. Most Arabic systems focus on processing Arabic text for machine translation or information retrieval. We present in this paper some aspects for identify Entities and Relationships from a description of the application domain given with a subset of the Arabic Natural Language. The tool starts, in a first step with an interpretation of Arabic text through the system's components (morphological, syntax, semantic analyzers) and generates the meaning representation in a first order logic form. Then in the second step, it uses entities rules and relationships rules for extracting Entities and Relationships, which describes the elements of the Conceptual Schema.
Image colorization based on the mixed l0/l1 norm minimization

This paper proposes a new image colorization algorithm based on the mixed L0/L1 norm minimization. Introducing some assumptions, a problem of recovering a color image from a grayscale image with the small number of known color pixels is formulated as a mixed L0/L1 norm minimization, which is solved approximately by an iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) algorithm. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithm colorizes a grayscale image well using a small number of color pixels.
A Tunable Constrained Test Problems Generator for Multi-objective Optimization

Multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) in real world are often constrained optimization problems. So test problems to evaluate multi-objective optimization evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) should have some constraints in order to simulate real-world problems. In this paper, a well understood and tunable constrained test problems generator is suggested. By setting parameters in the constraint function, test problems with various complexity and Pareto-optimal front geometries can be created. Six constrained MOPs are developed and explained in figures so as to account for parameters in the constraint function. Furthermore, NSGA-II with an constrained handling strategy are used to solve the test problems. Experiments results show test problem can greatly increase difficulties in searching Pareto-optimal solutions, and they are effective tools to evaluate MOEAs in constraints handling.
Coded focal stack photography

We present coded focal stack photography as a computational photography paradigm that combines a focal sweep and a coded sensor readout with novel computational algorithms. We demonstrate various applications of coded focal stacks, including photography with programmable non-planar focal surfaces and multiplexed focal stack acquisition. By leveraging sparse coding techniques, coded focal stacks can also be used to recover a full-resolution depth and all-in-focus (AIF) image from a single photograph. Coded focal stack photography is a significant step towards a computational camera architecture that facilitates high-resolution post-capture refocusing, flexible depth of field, and 3D imaging.
Comparative study of attachment styles in mothers of 8 to 12 year- old children with and without behavioral problems

Introduction: As the major attachment figures, mothers have an undeniable effect on behavioral development of children. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between attachment styles in mothers of 8 to 12 year-old children with and without behavioral problems. Materials and Methods: The samples of this causal-comparative study included 120 mothers of male and female elementary school students in schools of Neishabour (2013-14). Cluster sampling and random sampling methods were used for mothers of children with and without behavioral problems respectively. The study instruments included the Rutter's Behavior Scale for children and the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS) for mothers. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18, by independent samples t-test, and logistic regression. Results: There is a significant difference between anxious and secure attachment styles in mothers of children with and without behavioral problems (P=0.0001 and P=0.001 respectively). However, there is no significant difference between avoidant attachment style in mothers of children with and without behavioral problems (P=0.138). The results of regression analysis also show that anxious and secure attachment styles can be considered as predictors of behavioral problems in children. Conclusion: The findings of the present study corroborate the attachment theory and show the importance of motherchild interaction. Mothers’ secure and insecure attachment styles can be an important predictor for behavioral problems in their children.
Analysis of rpoB and pncA mutations in the published literature: an insight into the role of oxidative stress in Mycobacterium tuberculosis evolution?

INTRODUCTION It is perceived wisdom that within the host macrophage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis frequently encounters oxidative stress. Exposure of bacteria to reactive oxygen intermediates can have a mutagenic effect on the DNA. Various mutations are thought to arise as a consequence, including the oxidation of guanine residues, leading to G? C-->T? A substitution, and oxidation of cytosine resulting in a G? C-->A? T substitution. METHODS We measured the relative contribution of oxidative stress by recording the percentage of single nucleotide substitutions reported in the genes rpoB and pncA that confer resistance to the antimicrobials rifampicin and pyrazinamide, respectively, and determined whether there is an excess of G? C-->T? A or G? C-->A? T substitutions. RESULTS Out of 840 clinical isolates reported with single nucleotide mutations in the rpoB gene, 67% were G? C-->A? T changes, and 3% were G? C-->T? A substitutions. These figures were compared to the pncA gene, where out of 114 isolates, 30% of the single nucleotide mutations were G? C-->A? T transitions and 9% were G? C-->T? A changes. CONCLUSIONS While there is an excess of G? C-->A? T changes in the rpoB gene, this was not the case in the pncA gene. Fifty-three percent of mutations within the rpoB gene were C-->T mutations of the type S531L. Although this mutation gives a fitness disadvantage, it is less than other common mutations, so it is more likely that that fitness is the determinant of surviving mutation rather than oxidative stress because of the small numbers of other C-->T and G-->A mutations at other sites (12%). There was no evidence of oxygen free radicals damaging the guanine bases in either gene.
Morphologic and Molecular Characterization of the Sarcocysts of Sarcocystis rileyi (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Abstract Macroscopic sarcocysts are often observed in ducks, but at present their taxonomic status remains uncertain because ducks serve as intermediate hosts for several such parasites in the genus Sarcocystis. One such species, Sarcocystis rileyi, was long ago established to involve the northern shoveler duck (Anas clypeata) and the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) as its intermediate and definitive hosts, respectively. Here, we employed light microscopy, electron microscopy, and DNA sequencing to more precisely describe diagnostic attributes of parasites presumed to represent S. rileyi occurring in a naturally-infected mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos). By light and transmission electron microscopy, sarcocysts from the mallard duck resembled the S. rileyi described from A. clypeata. We document 18S, ITS-1, and 28S rDNA sequences from the mallard duck, the first for S. rileyi from any host. Sequences of conserved and variable portions of nuclear ribosomal DNA indicated that S. rileyi is related to, but distinct from, parasites employing opossums as their definitive host (including Sarcocystis neurona and Sarcocystis falcatula). Diagnostic ultrastructural features and nucleotide sequences should aid in future studies and communications regarding this parasitic taxon, which lends itself to experimentation because its sarcocysts are macroscopic and easily excised from infected birds.
Depletion of UDP-Glucose and UDP-Galactose Using a Degron System Leads to Growth Cessation of Leishmania major

Interconversion of UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc) and UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) by the UDP-Glc 4´-epimerase intimately connects the biosynthesis of these two nucleotide sugars. Their de novo biosynthesis involves transformation of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose-1-phosphate by the phosphoglucomutase and subsequent activation into UDP-Glc by the specific UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGP). Besides UGP, Leishmania parasites express an uncommon UDP-sugar pyrophosphorylase (USP) able to activate both galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate in vitro. Targeted gene deletion of UGP alone was previously shown to principally affect expression of lipophosphoglycan, resulting in a reduced virulence. Since our attempts to delete both UGP and USP failed, deletion of UGP was combined with conditional destabilisation of USP to control the biosynthesis of UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal. Stabilisation of the enzyme produced by a single USP allele was sufficient to maintain the steady-state pools of these two nucleotide sugars and preserve almost normal glycoinositolphospholipids galactosylation, but at the apparent expense of lipophosphoglycan biosynthesis. However, under destabilising conditions, the absence of both UGP and USP resulted in depletion of UDP-Glc and UDP-Gal and led to growth cessation and cell death, suggesting that either or both of these metabolites is/are essential.
Assesing and improving the level of agilism in team work

Despite a trend that can be clearly seen in companies towards incorporating agilism, it is highlighted that its implementation can be very variable, with a lack of precision on the level of agilism achieved by a team. Effective implementation of agilism requires a strategy adapted to the context of team work, and a change in the way the team work is done. This article presents a tool to assess the level of agilism in a team, based on a catalog of agile practices and a model that have been refined to establish a roadmap for implementing agile practices. As a result, an objective and accurate evaluation of the level of agilism is obtained, regarding all the practices available for the most commonly used agile methods. In addition, the assessment provides also some recommendations about agile practices that can be incorporated or enhanced in order to achieve specific improvement objectives in the work context of the team.
Cloud Classiication Using Error-correcting Output Codes

Novel arti cial intelligence methods are used to classify 16x16 pixel regions (obtained from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images) in terms of cloud type (e.g., stratus, cumulus, etc.). We previously reported that intelligent feature selection methods, combined with nearest neighbor classi ers, can dramatically improve classi cation accuracy on this task. Our subsequent analyses of the confusion matrices revealed that a small number of confusable classes (e.g., cirrus and cirrostratus) dominated the classi cation errors. We conjectured that, if the class labels in the data were re-represented so that these cloud classes are more easily distinguished, then additional accuracy gains might result. We explored this hypothesis by replacing each class label with a set of error-correcting output codes, a general technique applicable to any classi cation algorithm for tasks with at least three classes. Our initial results are promising; error correcting codes signi cantly increased classi cation accuracy compared with using standard representations for class labels. To our knowledge, this is the rst successful integration of k-nearest neighbor classi ers and error-correcting output codes (i.e., where k is, e ectively, small). One conclusion is that environmental scientists should always select, for their classi cation tasks, a classi er that reduces both variance and learning bias.
Topology-Based Visualization of Time-Dependent 2D Vector Fields

Topology-based methods have been successfully applied to the visualization of instantaneous planar vector fields. In this paper, we present the topology-based visualization of time-dependent 2D flows. Our method tracks critical points over time precisely. The detection and classification of bifurcations delivers the topological structure of time dependent vector fields. This offers a general framework for the qualitative analysis and visualization of parameterdependent 2D vector fields.
Detection of genomic alterations in human cervical cancer by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis

Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to comprehensively scan the whole genome of 6 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, 7 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, 1 cervical adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cervical adenocarcinomas for multiple genetic alterations, such as DNA amplification, chromosome deletion, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome translocation, as compared with the paired normal tissues. DNA spot analysis of the genomic 2‐dimensional gels was performed by a computer color overlay system and by spot recognition software allowing for objective spot comparison and quantitation. Nine spots were found to be amplified in the cervical carcinomas while two amplified spots were detected in the CIN III lesions. Fourteen DNA spots were either reduced in their intensity or absent in cervical carcinomas as compared to their normal paired tissues. Reduction of intensity in 6 spots was observed in the 5 CIN III lesions. These genetic alterations may represent changes in cancer genes that are associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Further characterization of these alterations may be significant to the understanding of cervical tumorigenesis and to the development of biomarkers for clinical trials in cancer chemoprevention. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:41–48. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional fragmentation of the production process : A study of multinational firms location in the enlarged European Union ∗

We propose to analyze the location of multinational firms value chain in the enlarged Europe. The theoretical framework focuses on the different type of integration strategies and organization of multinational firm network considering interaction between functions and countries characteristics. With a mixed logit test on individual firm data recently collected of almost 11000 location choices over five years and 23 countries, the paper analyzes the impact of co-agglomeration and verticals linkages on the location of multinational firms and of parent company’s affiliates. We also show that vertical linkages between functions seem to have an centripetal effect only between the close functions on the value chain, which induce a possible functional cycle. JEL classification: F23, L22, R3
Personality correlates of accident-proneness in truck drivers passing by one of the state highway of India

Background: Over the past years, several efforts are made to establish relationship between personality characteristics and accident proneness with many researchers pursuing to construct accident proneness with personality. Current trend with exponential growth in automobile population has demanded Researchers to study about accident proneness among those drivers. With this background the following study was done with an objective of to explore the personality correlates of accident-proneness of truck drivers passing by State highway-17 of Mandya city in Indian . Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done in SH 17 Bangalore- Mysore highway among 200 truck drivers. The subjects included in the study were the truck drivers who were passing by SH-17 and who were able to understand Kannada or Hindi language. The data was collected by personal interview method by using semi-structured questionnaire for socio-demographic information and standard big five personality test questionnaire for personality trait of drivers . Results: Out of 200 drivers 126 were accident prone and 74 were non accident prone drivers. Total driving hours in a day was found to be significantly higher in accident prone driver than non-accident prone. With respect to personality it was found that openness to experience and emotional instability/neuroticism was significantly associated with accident proneness . Conclusions: I n conclusion it can be said that personality trait plays an important role in accident. In order to prevent such accident it is advisable to screen such people at the time of issue of driving license for heavy vehicle itself .
Compliance Regulation Strategies and Performance Evaluation

This deliverable focuses on the control of compliant actuators compliant robots developed within the AMARSI project, particularly the compliant humanoid COMAN developed at IIT and the compliant quadruped robot Cheetah developed at EPFL. The deliverable summarizes the outcome of tasks T2.5 and T2.6 related to the implementation and validation of different control strategies to regulate the motion of these soft body robots. These are activities include strategies to regulate the motion/impedance at the joint level as well as up at the center of mass (COM) and whole body level. The application of these controllers and their performance are validated on different tasks related to body stabilization against physical interactions and external push disturbances as well as in the generation of gaits based on kinematic motion primitives. To enhance the level of balancing capabilities impedance regulation explores optimal strategies for the selection of stiffness in particular joints while soft interactions with the environment are triggered to permit the humanoid to balance using additional contacts with the environment. This become possible thanks to the soft intrinsic and active compliant properties. All these works and experimental trials clearly demonstrated the benefits gained by the combination of active and intrinsic compliant properties
Functionally Distinct Subsets of CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T Cells Revealed by CD1d Tetramer Staining

CD1d-restricted natural killer (NK)T cells are known to potently secrete T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines and to mediate cytolysis, but it is unclear how these contrasting functional activities are regulated. Using lipid antigen–loaded CD1d tetramers, we have distinguished two subsets of CD1d-restricted T cells in fresh peripheral blood that differ in cytokine production and cytotoxic activation. One subset, which was CD4−, selectively produced the Th1 cytokines interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α, and expressed NKG2d, a marker associated with cytolysis of microbially infected and neoplastic cells. This subset up-regulated perforin after exposure to interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12. In contrast, CD4+ CD1d-restricted NKT cells potently produced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, up-regulated perforin in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin but not IL-2 or IL-12, and could be induced to express CD95L. Further, for both CD1d-restricted NKT cell subsets, we found that antigenic stimulation induced cytokine production but not perforin expression, whereas exposure to inflammatory factors enhanced perforin expression but did not stimulate cytokine production. These results show that the various activities of CD1d-restricted T cells in tumor rejection, autoimmune disease, and microbial infections could result from activation of functionally distinct subsets, and that inflammatory and antigenic stimuli may influence different effector functions.