Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nanoarchitectonics of Ultraporous Nanoparticle Networks for High Performance UV Photodetectors

Accurate detection of ultraviolet radiation is critical to many technologies including wearable devices for skin cancer prevention, optical communication systems and missile launch detection. Si-based photodetectors, relying on n-p type semiconductor homojunction technology, are the most established commercial solution for measurement of ultraviolet light. These devices have some significant shortcomings including high operation voltage, the requirement of longpass filters to block low energy photons and cooling systems to reduce noise and leakage current. This significantly hinders their integration in wearable technologies and alternative solutions are intensively sought. Here, we report a hierarchical design and a rapid synthesis approach for the fabrication of highly performing visible-blind photodetectors based on wide bandgap semiconductors. Combined nanoand micro-scale fine-tuning of the film optical and electrical properties results in record-high photo-currents (milliampere) while preserving pico-ampere dark-currents and excellent selectivity to ultralow ultraviolet (UV) light densities. In addition, we show that structural engineering of the nanoparticle grain boundaries can drastically enhance the performance of ultraporous nanoparticle network (UNN) photodetectors leading to gigantic photo to dark current ratios with low operation voltages (< 1 V). This is attributed to the optimal interplay of surface depletion and carrier conduction resulting in the formation of an open-neck grain boundary morphology. This is a significant improvement over state-of-the-art devices where a compromise is necessary between high photo-current and low dark-currents. As a result, these photodetectors do not require bulky and costly read-out circuitry and can be directly integrated in portable Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) based electronics that is currently utilized in many wearable devices. Furthermore, we present a highly performing nanoscale architecture for band-selective UV-photodetectors that features unique tunability and miniaturization potential. The device
Building a Corpus of Old Czech

In this paper we describe our efforts to build a corpus of Old Czech. We report on tools, resources and methodologies used during the corpus development as well as discuss the corpus sources and structure, the tagset used, the approach to lemmatization, morphological analysis and tagging. Due to practical restrictions we adapt resources and tools developed for Modern Czech. However, some of the described challenges, such as the non-standardized spelling in early Czech and the form and lemma variability due to language change during the covered time-span, are unique and never arise when building synchronic corpora of Modern Czech.
Dye-sensitized solar cells using cobalt electrolytes: the influence of porosity and pore size to achieve high-efficiency

Diffusion impediments in redox shuttles are a major limitation to realizing high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) in dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using cobalt complexes. Mass transport limitations are strongly dependent on the pore size and the porosity of mesoporous TiO2 films. Herein, we examine the major factors responsible for mass transport limitations and identify ways to minimize them, achieving highly efficient cobalt based DSCs. Depending on the electrolyte and dye used, the pore size and the porosity of the TiO2 films must be modulated to facilitate diffusion of cobalt complexes through pores. The influence of porosity, pore size and viscosity of the electrolyte used on the performance of DSCs with different maximum obtainable JSCs are studied in detail. These effects were studied using two dye solutions, Y123 (0.2 mM) and a cocktail solution of SM342/Y123 (0.2 mM each, 7 : 1). The JSC is affected primarily by lowered pore sizes as a result of the TiCl4 post-treatment. Transient photocurrent decay measurements were performed on devices featuring photoanodes fabricated with differing porosities and pore sizes. This study indicates that in cells featuring only Y123, recombination rates decreased with decreasing porosity of TiO2 films (i.e. higher TiCl4 concentrations used in their post-treatment). Conversely, in DSCs fabricated with the SM342/Y123 dye cocktail, an intermediate TiCl4 post-treatment concentration (20 mM) afforded the lowest recombination rate, resulting in the preservation of a high open-circuit potential (VOC). It was found that this intermediate concentration regime is optimal in order to achieve an efficiency of over 12.7% at full sun intensity with the SM342/Y123 dye cocktail. Finally, it was concluded that the porosity and pore size must be modulated for different dyes and electrolytes to minimize diffusion limitations of the redox species.
‘A false sense of security’? Understanding the role of the HPV vaccine on future cervical screening behaviour: a qualitative study of UK parents and girls of vaccination age

Objectives The UK Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme was introduced in 2008 for girls aged 12-13. The vaccine offers protection against HPV types 16 and 18, which together cause about 70% of cervical cancers. Vaccinated girls will receive future invitations to the NHS Cervical Screening Programme, to prevent cancers associated with HPV types not included in the vaccine, and in case of prior infection with HPV 16 or 18. Little is known about parents’ and girls’ understandings of the protection offered by the vaccine, or the need for future screening. Design Qualitative interviews with twenty-six parents, and nine girls aged 12-13 who were offered HPV vaccination through a Primary Care Trust (PCT) in the South-east of England, UK. Setting Thirty-nine schools, and four general practices. Results Uncertainty about the level of protection offered by the HPV vaccine was evident among parents, and to a lesser extent among vaccination-aged girls. There was a lack of understanding among parents and girls that cervical screening would be required irrespective of vaccination status; some parental decisions to accept the vaccine were made on the misunderstanding that vaccination provided complete protection against cervical cancer. Conclusions Sufficient awareness of the issues related to screening is necessary for informed decision-making about whether or not to accept the HPV vaccine. Clearer information is needed concerning the incomplete protection offered by the vaccine, and that cervical screening will still be required. Future invitations for cervical screening should stress the necessity to attend regardless of HPV vaccination status, to ensure that high levels of prevention of cervical cancer through screening are maintained.
Parallel Design Patterns in Ptolemy II using Higher-order Actors EE 290 N Project Report

The ubiquity of multicore processors nowadays allows for increased performance in applications that are parallelizable. We focus on achieving high performance for a class of data parallel applications which have a static schedule of actor firings. These applications can be run efficiently in parallel and correctly if the actors are stateless. We present a new execution model based on multiplexing receivers on SDF models. We have implemented a new director, receivers, domain specific actors in the Ptolemy II framework. We show that using this model, data parallel applications can be executed with near linear speedup. The receiver multiplexing paradigm can be extended to efficiently execute actor recursion as well.
The penetration of RealSeal primer and Tubliseal into root canal dentinal tubules: a confocal microscopic study.

AIM To compare penetration depth into dentinal tubules of RealSeal with that of a well-established endodontic sealer (Tubliseal) by means of confocal microscopy. METHODOLOGY Twenty sound extracted, single-rooted premolars were selected. Following completion of root canal instrumentation, the teeth were divided into two groups using a stratified sampling method, ranking teeth according to size. In group 1, 10 teeth were filled with Gutta-percha and Tubliseal using cold lateral condensation. In group 2, 10 teeth were filled with RealSeal. Both sealers were labelled with Rhodamine B dye. The teeth were sectioned parallel to their long axis resulting in 20 specimens per group. Confocal microscopy was used to assess the penetration depths of the sealers at three sites for each specimen (coronal, middle and apical). Data were analysed statistically using Stata Release 9.1. RESULTS The penetration depth of RealSeal in each one of the thirds of the root canal was found to be higher than that of Tubliseal (P < 0.05). The penetration depths of the two sealers was found to be significantly different (P = 0.001). The mean penetration value for the RealSeal group was 908.8 microm whereas the mean value for the Tubliseal group was 139.5 microm. CONCLUSIONS The penetration depth of RealSeal into the root dentinal tubules is significantly greater than that of Tubliseal.
When Embodiment Meets Generative Lexicon: The Human Body Part Metaphors in Sinica Corpus

This research aims to integrate embodiment with generative lexicon. By analyzing the metaphorically used human body part terms in Sinica Corpus, the first balanced modern Chinese corpus, we reveal how these two theories complement each other. Embodiment strengthens generative lexicon by spelling out the cognitive reasons which underlies the production of meaning, and generative lexicon, specifically the qualia structure, complements embodiment by accounting for the reason underlying the selection of a particular body part for metaphorization. Discussing how the four body part terms—血 xie “blood”, 肉 rou “flesh”, 骨 gu “bone”, 脈 mai “meridian”— behave metaphorically, this research argues that the visibility and the telic role of the qualia structure are the major reasons motivating the choice of a body part to represent a comparatively abstract notion. The finding accounts for what constrains the selection of body parts for metaphorical uses. It also facilitates the prediction of the behavior of the four body part terms in these uses, which can function as the starting point to examine whether the two factors—visibility and telicity—also motivate the metaphorization of the rest human body parts.
An architectural co-synthesis algorithm for energy-aware network-on-chip design

Network-on-Chip (NoC) has been proposed to overcome the complex on-chip communication problem of SoC (System-on-Chip) design in deep submicron. A complete NoC design contains exploration on both hardware and software architectures. The hardware architecture includes the selection of PEs (Processing Elements) with multiple types and their topology. The software architecture contains the allocation of tasks to PEs, scheduling of tasks and their communications. To find the best hardware design for the target tasks, both hardware and software architectures need to be considered simultaneously. Previous works on NoC design have concentrated on solving for only one or two design parameters at a time. In this paper, we propose a hardware-software co-synthesis algorithm for a heterogeneous NoC architecture. The design goal is to minimize energy consumption while meeting the real-time requirements commonly seen in the embedded applications.
LONGITUDINAL EFFECT OF PRESSURE DROP ON THE INTIMA-MEDIA THICKENING OF THE VENOUS SEGMENT OF THE ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA

Venous stenosis is one of the primary causes of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation-failure and is characterized by vasoconstriction and significant intima-media thickening (IMT). Although the hemodynamic endpoints are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of venous stenosis, the exact mechanism behind this is unclear. Our hypothesis is that the changes in the pressure drop over time (Δp′) can influence the remodeling factors in AVFs: changes in luminal diameter (ΔDh) and IMT. Curved (C-AVF; n = 3) and straight (S-AVF; n = 3) AVFs were created between the femoral arteries and veins of 3 pigs. CT-scan and ultrasound were utilized to numerically evaluate the flow field, and thus pressure drop in AVFs at 2D (D: days), 7D, and 28D post-surgery. For each AVF, IMT was also measured at 4 histological blocks along the vein. For the C-AVF, the pressure drop consistently decreased over time (from 18.32 mmHg at 2D to 4.58 mmHg at 28D), while opposite trend was found for the S-AVF (from 12.91 mmHg at 2D to 24.49 mmHg at 28D). The Δp′ was negative at all the histology blocks for C-AVF which showed the reduction in the resistance over time due to dilation (positive ΔDh) and outward hypertrophy of the venous segment (positive ΔDh/IMT). In contrast, Δp′ was mostly positive for the S-AVF which showed the increase in the resistance due to vasoconstriction (negative ΔDh) and inward hypertrophy (negative ΔDh/IMT). Thus, measuring Δp′ at the successive post-surgery time points can provide important information on the remodeling behavior of AVFs. Also, creating AVFs in a surgical configuration that can result in negative Δp′ and thus favorable remodeling could influence the life expectancy of the dialysis patients.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Image-Based Building Regularization Using Structural Linear Features

Reconstructed building models using stereo-based methods inevitably suffer from noise, leading to the lack of regularity which is characterized by straightness of structural linear features and smoothness of homogeneous regions. We leverage the structural linear features embedded in the mesh to construct a novel surface scaffold structure for model regularization. The regularization comprises two iterative stages: (1) the linear features are semi-automatically proposed from images by exploiting photometric and geometric clues jointly; (2) the scaffold topology represented by spatial relations among the linear features is optimized according to data fidelity and topological rules, then the mesh is refined by adjusting itself to the consolidated scaffold. Our method has two advantages. First, the proposed scaffold representation is able to concisely describe semantic building structures. Second, the scaffold structure is embedded in the mesh, which can preserve the mesh connectivity and avoid stitching or intersecting surfaces in challenging cases. We demonstrate that our method can enhance structural characteristics and suppress irregularities in the building models robustly in some challenging datasets. Moreover, the regularization can significantly improve the results of general applications such as simplification and non-photorealistic rendering.
Forced Evolution in Silico by Artificial Transposons and their Genetic Operators: The John Muir Ant Problem

Modern evolutionary computation utilizes heuristic optimizations based upon concepts borrowed from the Darwinian theory of natural selection. We believe that a vital direction in this field must be algorithms that model the activity of genomic parasites, such as transposons, in biological evolution. This publication is our first step in the direction of developing a minimal assortment of algorithms that simulate the role of genomic parasites. Specifically, we started in the domain of genetic algorithms (GA) and selected the Artificial Ant Problem as a test case. We define these artificial transposons as a fragment of an ant's code that possesses properties that cause it to stand apart from the rest. We concluded that artificial transposons, analogous to real transposons, are truly capable of acting as intelligent mutators that adapt in response to an evolutionary problem in the course of co-evolution with their hosts.
Low Complexity Iterative MMSE-PIC Detection for Medium-Size Massive MIMO

In medium-size massive MIMO systems, the minimum mean-square-error parallel interference cancellation (MMSE-PIC)-based soft-input soft-output (SISO) detector is often used due to its relatively low complexity and good bit error rate (BER) performance. The computational complexity of MMSE-PIC for detecting a block of data is dominated by the computation of a Gram matrix and a matrix inversion. They have computational complexity of O(K2M) and O(K3), respectively, where K is the number of uplink users with one transmit antenna each and M is the number of receive antennas at the base station. In this letter, by using an L (typically L ≤ 3) terms of Neumann series expansion to approximate the matrix inversion, we reduce the total computational complexity to O(LK M). Compared with alternative algorithms, which focus on reducing the complexity of the matrix inversion only, the proposed method can also avoid calculating the Gram matrix explicitly and thus significantly reducing the total complexity.
First Principles Investigation of Half-Metallic Ferromagnetism in Alkaline-Earth Oxides Doped with Group VII Elements

Alkaline-earth oxides (AeO; Ae = Mg, Ca and Sr) doped with group VII (F, Cl, Br and I) elements as promising spin-injector materials have been investigated by using first principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method. The substitution of group VII elements turns the insulator host AeO into ferromagnetic and some of them exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetic property with an integer magnetic moment of 3.00 μ B /cell. The spin-resolved electronic band structure and density of states show that the Ae 0.875 M 0.125 O compounds exhibit spin-dependent transport properties, in which the conduction proceeds entirely via the minority spin state in F-doped AeO and through majority spin state in Cl, Br and I-doped CaO and SrO. The comparison of local spin density approximation and generalized gradient approximation is also carried out. The results show that the origin of ferromagnetism in Ae 0.875 M 0.125 O is attributed to the p-p hybridization interaction betwwn group VII elements and oxygen.
A 60-GHz Millimeter-Wave Bandpass Filter Using 0.18-$\mu\hbox{m}$  CMOS Technology

This letter presents the design and implementation of a 60-GHz millimeter-wave RF-integrated-circuit-on-chip bandpass filter using a 0.18-mum standard CMOS process. A planar ring resonator structure with dual-transmission zeros was adopted in the design of this CMOS filter. The die size of the chip is 1.148times1. 49 mm2. The investigations of sensitivity to the insertion loss and the passband bandwidth for different perturbation stub sizes are also studied. The filter has a 3-dB bandwidth of about 12 GHz at the center frequency of 64 GHz. The measured insertion loss of the passband is about 4.9 dB, and the return loss is better than 10 dB within the passband.
Toxicity at the Edge of Life: A Review on Cyanobacterial Toxins from Extreme Environments

Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria, of varied chemical nature and toxic effects. Although cyanobacteria thrive in all kinds of ecosystems on Earth even under very harsh conditions, current knowledge on cyanotoxin distribution is almost restricted to freshwaters from temperate latitudes. In this review, we bring to the forefront the presence of cyanotoxins in extreme environments. Cyanotoxins have been reported especially in polar deserts (both from the Arctic and Antarctica) and alkaline lakes, but also in hot deserts, hypersaline environments, and hot springs. Cyanotoxins detected in these ecosystems include neurotoxins—anatoxin-a, anatoxin-a (S), paralytic shellfish toxins, β-methylaminopropionic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl) glycine and 2,4-diaminobutyric acid- and hepatotoxins –cylindrospermopsins, microcystins and nodularins—with microcystins being the most frequently reported. Toxin production there has been linked to at least eleven cyanobacterial genera yet only three of these (Arthrospira, Synechococcus and Oscillatoria) have been confirmed as producers in culture. Beyond a comprehensive analysis of cyanotoxin presence in each of the extreme environments, this review also identifies the main knowledge gaps to overcome (e.g., scarcity of isolates and –omics data, among others) toward an initial assessment of ecological and human health risks in these amazing ecosystems developing at the very edge of life.
Effect of amphetamine on dopamine D2 receptor binding in nonhuman primate brain: A comparison of the agonist radioligand [11C]MNPA and antagonist [11C]raclopride

PET measurements of stimulant‐induced dopamine (DA) release are typically performed with antagonist radioligands that bind to both the high‐ and low‐affinity state of the receptor. In contrast, an agonist radioligand binds preferentially to the high‐affinity state and is expected to have greater sensitivity to DA, which is the endogenous agonist. [11C]MNPA, (R)‐2‐CH3O‐N‐n‐propylnorapomorphine (MNPA), is a D2 agonist radioligand with subnanomolar affinity to the D2 receptor. The aim of the present study is to assess and compare the sensitivity of the agonist radioligand [11C]MNPA and antagonist radioligand [11C]raclopride to synaptic DA levels. Four cynomolgus monkeys were examined with [11C]MNPA and [11C]raclopride (16 PET measurements with each tracer) at baseline and after pretreatment with various doses of amphetamine. The effect of amphetamine was calculated by the change in binding potential (BP) analyzed with the multilinear reference tissue model (MRTM2). Amphetamine caused a reduction in [11C]MNPA BP of 4% at 0.1, 23% at 0.2, 25% at 0.5, and 46% at 1.0 mg/kg. [11C]Raclopride BP was reduced to a lesser extent by 2% at 0.1, 16% at 0.2, 15% at 0.5, and 23% at 1.0 mg/kg. The data were used to estimate the in vivo percentage of high‐affinity state receptors to be ∼60%. These results demonstrate that [11C]MNPA is more sensitive than [11C]raclopride to displacement by endogenous DA, and that it may provide additional information about the functional state of the D2 receptor in illnesses such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. Synapse 59:260–269, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Part I - Towards an OPIM system: manufacturing SME organisation for the future

One Product Integrated Manufacturing (OPIM) is a new organisational concept for enterprises, which is proposed with the objective to satisfy a number of functional requirements for the future enterprise's organisation (for example, requirements for competitiveness, flexibility, quality, efficiency, etc.). The OPIM system is an optimised manufacturing/ production system for the purpose of single product manufacturing/ production, synthesised over a universal set of primitive resources with a real-time substitutable physical structure where one instantaneous physical structure exists no longer than the lifetime of the product. Metaphorically, the OPIM system is characterised by the factory flow through a product. This is the inverse model of the traditional factory/enterprise paradigm. The OPIM system belongs to the wider concept of the Virtual Enterprise (VE) concept and it is a special case of a VE. In the first part of the paper, functional requirements for the new generation of manufacturing systems are given. The second part of the paper gives the OPIM concept definition and in the third part the applicability analysis is presented. In the fourth part of the paper, implementation issues are discussed.