Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer-related chronic arm lymphedema is associated with excess adipose and muscle tissue.

BACKGROUND Arm lymphedema is a common complication after breast cancer treatment. Although conservative treatment can be used to reduce swelling, treatment often fails, possibly due to chronic edema being transformed from lymph fluid to subcutaneous fat, a condition called nonpitting lymphedema. It is currently unknown if the excess volume is solely due to excess in fat. This study evaluated whether dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) could be used to estimate the excess fat, muscle, and bone tissue in patients with arm lymphedema. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighteen women with arm lymphedema were investigated. Measurements were converted to volume values and compared with values obtained using plethysmography (PG). Linear regression equations and correlation equations were used to compare the DXA and the PG techniques in regard to total volume and excess volume in the lymphedematous arm. DXA was used to estimate excess fat, muscle, and bone volume in the lymphedematous arm. Both DXA and PG provided similar total arm volume and excess volume measurements for the lymphedematous arm. The lymphedematous arm showed 73% more fat, 47% more muscle, and 7% more bone by volume in the lymphedematous arm. CONCLUSIONS Both excess fat and muscle volume contributed to the total excess volume in nonpitting arm lymphedema; excess soft tissue developed the first few years after breast cancer surgery. DXA can be used to identify patients with excess fat in their arms and thus unsuitable for conservative treatment and may be useful in estimating the amount of fat to remove in patients scheduled for liposuction.
Deletion of Dad1 in mice induces an apoptosis‐associated embryonic death

Summary: Dad1 is a putative anti‐apoptosis gene identified in several distantly related organisms. Expression of Dad1 in transfected cells inhibits apoptosis in vitro. To determine whether Dad1 has a similar function in vivo, we used gene targeting to delete Dad1. Heterozygous adult mice (+/−) show no obvious phenotype or abnormalities, but genotype analysis of over 100 offspring from heterozygous matings detected no weanling, homozygous Dad1 null (−/−) mice. Subsequent analysis of embryos from heterozygous matings detected Dad1 null (−/−) embryos at E3.5 but no later, suggesting Dad1 is required for development beyond the late blastocyst stage. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed in cultured embryos lacking a functional copy of the gene, consistent with an anti‐apoptotic role for Dad1. genesis 26:271–278, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalogue of new Herbig Ae/Be and classical Be stars

Context. The intermediate-mass pre-main sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars are key to understanding the differences in formation mechanisms between low- and high-mass stars. The study of the general properties of these objects is hampered by the lack of a well-defined, homogeneous sample, and because few and mostly serendipitously discovered sources are known. Aims. Our goal is to identify new Herbig Ae/Be candidates to create a homogeneous and well defined catalogue of these objects. Methods. We have applied machine learning techniques to 4 150 983 sources with data from Gaia DR2, 2MASS, WISE, and IPHAS or VPHAS+. Several observables were chosen to identify new Herbig Ae/Be candidates based on our current knowledge of this class, which is characterised by infrared excesses, photometric variabilities, and Hα emission lines. Classical techniques are not efficient for identifying new Herbig Ae/Be stars mainly because of their similarity with classical Be stars, with which they share many characteristics. By focusing on disentangling these two types of objects, our algorithm has also identified new classical Be stars. Results. We have obtained a large catalogue of 8470 new pre-main sequence candidates and another catalogue of 693 new classical Be candidates with a completeness of 78.8 ± 1.4% and 85.5 ± 1.2%, respectively. Of the catalogue of pre-main sequence candidates, at least 1361 sources are potentially new Herbig Ae/Be candidates according to their position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. In this study we present the methodology used, evaluate the quality of the catalogues, and perform an analysis of their flaws and biases. For this assessment, we make use of observables that have not been accounted for by the algorithm and hence are selection-independent, such as coordinates and parallax based distances. The catalogue of new Herbig Ae/Be stars that we present here increases the number of known objects of the class by an order of magnitude.
Is having a family member with chronic health concerns bad for young people's health? Cross-sectional evidence from a national survey of young Australians

Objectives Young people's perspectives on the association between having a family member with a chronic health concern (FHC) and their own health are under-researched. This study used young people's reports to assess the prevalence of FHCs and their association with negative health outcomes, with an aim of identifying potential inequalities between marginalised and non-marginalised young people. Family cohesion was examined as a moderating factor. Design Cross-sectional data from the Australian Child Wellbeing Project survey were used. Respondents were asked whether someone in their family experienced one or more FHCs (disability, mental illness or drug/alcohol addiction). In addition, their experience of different psychosomatic symptoms (headache, sleeplessness, irritability, etc), aspects of family relationships and social and economic characteristics (disability, materially disadvantaged and Indigenous) were documented. Setting Nationally representative Australian sample. Participants 1531 students in school years 4 and 6 and 3846 students in year 8. Results A quarter of students reported having an FHC (years 4 and 6: 23.96% (95% CI 19.30% to 28.62%); year 8: 25.35% (95% CI 22.77% to 27.94%)). Significantly, more students with FHCs than those without reported experiencing 2 or more negative health symptoms at least weekly (OR=1.78; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.65; p<0.01). However, an independent relationship between FHCs and symptom load was only found in the case of FHC-drug/alcohol addiction. Marginalised students and students reporting low family cohesion had an increased prevalence of FHCs and notably higher symptom loads where FHCs were present. Level of family cohesion did not impact the relationship between FHCs and symptom load. Conclusions The burden of FHCs is inequitably distributed between marginalised and non-marginalised groups, and between young people experiencing different levels of family cohesion. More work is required regarding appropriate targets for community and family-level interventions to support young people in the context of FHCs.
Aptiganel hydrochloride in acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Tissue plasminogen activator is the only thrombolytic agent approved in the United States for treatment of acute ischemic stroke, and has limitations. Aptiganel hydrochloride is a novel and selective ligand for the ion-channel site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-channel complex and a promising neuroprotective agent in animal models of focal brain ischemia. OBJECTIVE To determine whether aptiganel improves the clinical outcome for acute ischemic stroke patients. DESIGN Nested phase 2/phase 3 randomized controlled trial conducted between July 1996 and September 1997. SETTING One hundred fifty-six medical centers in the United States, Canada, Australia, South Africa, England, and Scotland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 628 patients with hemispheric ischemic stroke (50.3% male; mean age, 71.5 years). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned within 6 hours of stroke to receive 1 of 3 treatment regimens: high-dose aptiganel (5-mg bolus followed by 0.75 mg/h for 12 hours; n = 214); low-dose aptiganel (3-mg bolus followed by 0.5 mg/h for 12 hours; n = 200); or placebo (n = 214). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy end point was the Modified Rankin Scale score at 90 days after stroke onset. Secondary end points included mortality and change in National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale score at 7 days after stroke. RESULTS The trial was suspended by the sponsor and the independent data and safety monitoring board because of both a lack of efficacy and a potential imbalance in mortality. There was no improvement in outcome for either aptiganel (low-dose or high-dose) group compared with the placebo group at 90 days (median Modified Rankin Scale score for all 3 treatment groups = 3; P =.31). At 7 days, placebo-treated patients exhibited slightly greater neurological improvement on the NIH Stroke Scale than high-dose aptiganel patients (mean improvement for placebo group, -0.8 points vs for high-dose aptiganel, 0.9 points; P =.04). The mortality rate at 120 days in patients treated with high-dose aptiganel was higher than that in patients who received placebo (26.3% vs 19.2%; P =.06). Mortality in the low-dose aptiganel group was 22.5% (P =.39 vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS Aptiganel was not efficacious in patients with acute ischemic stroke at either of the tested doses, and m ay be harmful. The larger proportion of patients with favorable outcomes and lower mortality rate in the placebo group suggest that glutamate blockade with aptiganel may have detrimental effects in an undifferentiated population of stroke patients.
A new gadolinium‐based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors: Kinetic study on a C6 rat glioma model

T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the potential interest of a new Gd‐based contrast agent, termed P760, to characterize brain tumor heterogeneity and vascularization and to delineate regions containing permeable vessels. The C6 rat glioma model was used as a model of high‐grade glioblastoma. The signal enhancement was measured as a function of time in the vascular compartment and in different regions of interest (ROIs) within the tumor after the injection of 0.02 mmol kg−1 of P760. The results were compared to those obtained after the injection of 0.1 mmol kg−1 of Gd‐DOTA. We showed that P760, in spite of a Gd concentration five times smaller, produces an enhancement in the blood pool similar to that produced by Gd‐DOTA. It was shown that P760 makes possible an excellent delineation of regions containing vessels with a damaged blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Images acquired 5–10 minutes after P760 injection showed the location of permeable vessels more accurately than Gd‐DOTA‐enhanced images. The enhancement produced in the tumor by P760 was, however, less than that produced by Gd‐DOTA. The extravasation and/or diffusion rate of P760 in the interstitial medium were found to be strongly reduced, compared to those found with Gd‐DOTA. This study suggests that the new contrast agent has promising capabilities in clinical imaging of brain tumors. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;14:97–105. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A sugar‐specific porin, ScrY, is involved in sucrose uptake in enteric bacteria

During the molecular analysis of a plasmid‐coded sucrose metabolic pathway of enteric bacteria, a gene, scrY, was found whose product, ScrY, had all the properties of a bacterial porin (Schmid et al, 1988). Loss of this protein (Mr 58kDa), localized in the outer membrane, led, as shown here, to an increase in the apparent Km for sucrose transport in whole cells from 10 μM in wild‐type cells to 300 μM in mutant cells. This contrasts with the Km for sucrose phosphorylation as measured in membrane vesicles from mutant and wild‐type cells, which remained unchanged at about 10 μM, and reflects the activity of the sucrose‐specific Enzymell of the phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent carbohydrate:phosphotransferase system (PTS) responsible for uptake through the inner membrane. Furthermore, the presence of ScrY restored growth on maltodextrins in cells devoid of LamB, thus complementing the lack of this maltoporin. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA sequence was determined for the plasmid‐coded and the ScrY porin coded in the chromosome of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Both show high identity (86%) to each other, and to the channel domain of LamB, further corroborating the conclusion that they constitute porins.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of small interference RNA‐mediated gynaecophoral canal protein silencing in Schistosoma japonicum

Schistosomiasis causes liver and intestinal damage and can be very debilitating. The pairing of a male worm with a female worm residing in the gynaecophoral canal of male plays a critical role in the development of female parasite. Because the male specific gynaecophoral canal protein of Schistosoma japonicum (SjGCP) is found in significant quantities in the adult female worm after pairing, it could play an important role in parasite pairing.
Adaptive Low-Rank Factorization to regularize shallow and deep neural networks

The overfitting is one of the cursing subjects in the deep learning field. To solve this challenge, many approaches were proposed to regularize the learning models. They add some hyper-parameters to the model to extend the generalization; however, it is a hard task to determine these hyper-parameters and a bad setting diverges the training process. In addition, most of the regularization schemes decrease the learning speed. Recently, Tai et al. [1] proposed low-rank tensor decomposition as a constrained filter for removing the redundancy in the convolution kernels of CNN. With a different viewpoint, we use Low-Rank matrix Factorization (LRF) to drop out some parameters of the learning model along the training process. However, this scheme similar to [1] probably decreases the training accuracy when it tries to decrease the number of operations. Instead, we use this regularization scheme adaptively when the complexity of a layer is high. The complexity of any layer can be evaluated by the nonlinear condition numbers of its learning system. The resulted method entitled "AdaptiveLRF" neither decreases the training speed nor vanishes the accuracy of the layer. The behavior of AdaptiveLRF is visualized on a noisy dataset. Then, the improvements are presented on some small-size and large-scale datasets. The preference of AdaptiveLRF on famous dropout regularizers on shallow networks is demonstrated. Also, AdaptiveLRF competes with dropout and adaptive dropout on the various deep networks including MobileNet V2, ResNet V2, DenseNet, and Xception. The best results of AdaptiveLRF on SVHN and CIFAR-10 datasets are 98%, 94.1% F-measure, and 97.9%, 94% accuracy. Finally, we state the usage of the LRF-based loss function to improve the quality of the learning model.
A flexible maintenance approach for structured P2P networks under churn

In P2P systems, especially in mobile environment, participating nodes may connect to or disconnect from the system frequently. This user-driven dynamic membership problem, called churn, may significantly reduce the routing robustness of a structured P2P system because of its fully-decentralized routing information. Most existing structured P2P systems use constant periodic maintenance approaches with static parameters to improve the routing robustness under churn. However, the cost-effectiveness of this strategy mostly depends on the churn rate of the system. In real dynamic P2P systems, using static parameters may result in unnecessary bandwidth cost under low churn, or low lookup success rate under high churn. We propose a flexible and cost-efficient method for structured P2P networks under churn taking the evolution of churn conditions into consideration. Self-tuning parameters are applied for failure detection and routing table maintenance by using the online time of nodes for predicting node availability. To achieve better cost-effectiveness, by allocating more maintenance bandwidth for those nodes considered unstable and less bandwidth for the long-lived nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms the traditional periodic maintenance method both under low churn and high churn. Under low churn, less bandwidth is consumed while the lookup success rate almost remains at the same level. Under high churn, the lookup success rate is higher with an acceptable amount of additional bandwidth consumed.
Review of the Influence of Pigment Dispersion and Exfoliation Glaucoma Diagnosis on Intraocular Pressure in Clinical Trials Evaluating Primary Open-angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension

Purpose:To evaluate published, randomized, prospective, parallel clinical trials utilizing currently approved glaucoma medications to determine what influence, if any, pigment dispersion (PD) or exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) patients had on the intraocular pressure. Methods:A review of clinical trial articles evaluating currently used topical glaucoma medicines. Articles were published between January 1995 and April 2011. If the articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria, they were analyzed for PD and XFG. Results:Twenty-four articles were included, containing 49 treatment arms that included PD or XFG patients. The range of PD patients was 0% to 4.5%, with a mean of 1.5±0.9%, and for XFG patients 0% to 6.3%, with a mean of 2.2±2.1%. The treatment arms with PD showed a difference in the intraocular pressures (IOPs), for all studies analyzed together, for the baseline IOPs between clinical trials that did and did not include PD patients (8 AM IOPs: with PD 26.5±0.9 mm Hg and without PD 25.8±1.3 mm Hg, P=0.024; and diurnal curve mean IOPs: with PD 25.3±1.1 mm Hg and without PD 24.5±1.3 mm Hg, P=0.024). The XFG treatment arms showed that there was a difference in the IOPs for all studies analyzed together for diurnal baseline IOPs between clinical trials that did and did not include XFG patients (with XFG 25.2±1.2 mm Hg and without XFG 24.3±1.0 mm Hg, P=0.016). Conclusions:Trial designs for prospective, parallel, glaucoma clinical studies that are performed in the United States generally can include PD and XFG patients with only a small impact on the IOP and a low number of such subjects enrolled.
Magnet Configuration and Experimental Analysis of Helicon Source for Space Magnetoplasma Propulsion

The Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) is one of the high performance electric propulsion devices for future interplanetary applications. Helicon sources can produce high-density plasmas with high-ionization efficiency suitable for VASIMR, which usually use two electromagnets to produce the required magnetic field configuration. How to optimal design the solenoids and how to create the requisite B-field are the key factors to affect the characteristics and performance of the helicon plasma. In this paper, the magnets were designed and fabricated, and an experimental helicon source was presented. Two solenoids situated around the cylindrical quartz tube were used to create an expanding magnetic field of about 250 G in the center decreasing to a few tens of Gauss in the downstream diffusion region. The antenna was powered by a radio-frequency (RF) system of 13.56 MHz, which maximum changeable power is 500 W. Our helicon device was installed with vacuum chamber that is pumped down to a base pressure of about 0.001 Pa using cryopumps. Langmuir probe is mounted on to measure the plasma parameters. It is found that, when increasing the radio-frequency power or varying the magnetic field, both the plasma density and operating mode of helicon-wave ion are also changed. Permanent magnets (PM) and High temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets are also considered to use in the helicon source, and relative analyses are discussed. The details of further research are to investigate the relationship that the applied magnets affect on the efficiency and performance of the helicon plasma.
The Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale: a self-rated instrument for the quantification of thoughts about alcohol and drinking behavior.

It has been suggested that a crucial dimension of alcohol "craving" includes the concept of both obsessive thoughts about alcohol use and compulsive behaviors toward drinking. An interview-based rating scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-heavy drinkers (YBOCS-hd), has been found useful in quantifying this concept in alcohol-dependent individuals. A self-rating scale, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS) has been developed by us as a modification of the YBOCS-hd. The YBOCS-hd showed excellent interrater reliability in our hands. The correlation between the YBOCS-hd and the OCDS total scores obtained on 60 alcohol-dependent individuals was 0.83. The test-retest correlation for the OCDS total score was 0.96, and the obsessive and compulsive subscales test-retest correlations were 0.94 and 0.86, respectively. The internal consistency of the items in the OCDS was high (0.86) and did not improve significantly with removal of individual items. The shared variance between the OCDS scores and alcohol consumption during the period of evaluation was only approximately 20%, indicating that the dimension measured by the scale was somewhat independent of actual drinking. As such, it might act as an independent measure of the "state of illness" for alcohol-dependent individuals. When used during a prospective 12-week treatment research study, initial results indicate that the OCDS seems to validly measure a dimension of alcohol dependence, because it decreased from baseline during alcohol reduction and increased in relationship to relapse drinking. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Évaluation et réduction des conséquences des mouvements de terrains sur le bâti : approches expérimentale et numérique

L’instabilite des cavites souterraines (mines, carrieres, tunnels,…) peut induire les mouvements de terrains d’amplitude suffisante pour endommager les bâtiments et les infrastructures en surface. Les methodes traditionnelles, utilisees dans les pratiques d’ingenieur pour prevoir les deformations dans les structures, sont basees sur les caracteristiques des mouvements de terrain en condition de terrain vierge sans prendre en compte l’effet de la presence des structures en surface. L’objectif de cette these est de predire les deformations des ouvrages en tenant compte de l’influence de l’interaction sol-structure, d’une part ; et d’evaluer la performance d’une solution de protection (tranchee peripherique), d’autre part. Cela a ete acheve par la realisation d’etudes parametriques utilisant deux approches complementaires : une approche experimentale a l’aide d’un modele reduit physique 3D sous gravite normale et une modelisation numerique 3D par la methode des elements finis. En particulier l’effet d’un certain nombre de parametres geometriques et mecaniques a pu etre investigue dans l’etude de l’interaction sol-structure : la position de la structure par rapport a la cuvette d’affaissement, le poids de la structure et la raideur relative entre le sol et la structure. Concernant l’etude de l’efficacite de tranchees peripheriques, l’effet de la position de la structure, de la position de la tranchee vis-a-vis de la structure et de la rigidite de la tranchee a ete analyse. Les resultats obtenus ont abouti a une meilleure comprehension du probleme d’interaction sol-structure et ont montre l’importance de cet effet qui doit etre pris en compte dans l’evaluation de la vulnerabilite du bâti. Le transfert des mouvements du sol a la structure est faible (moins de 2,5%), dans le cas modelise : structure rigide et interface glissante. Les differents resultats ont permis par ailleurs de mettre en evidence l’efficacite de la tranchee peripherique pour reduire les sollicitations affectant les structures. La tranchee doit etre remplie avec un materiau tres deformable et surtout placee a une distance de l’ordre d’un metre de la structure.