Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A metric algorithm based on three elements of texture visual feature

In order to construct a reference model to recognize image texture, a combining method based on three elements of texture visual features is proposed. Firstly, a fractal model is used to calculate the fractal dimension which is a measure of image textural coarseness. Secondly, a global texture direction is proposed. Gabor filter and local marginal probability histogram is used to calculate a quantitative value of texture direction. Thirdly, the texture contrast base on Tamura model is applied to describe image texture feature. Finally, the combined method based on the coarseness, the direction and the contrast is applied to extract texture visual features in Brodatz texture database. The experimental result is consistent with human visual perception. The algorithm can be better reference model to satisfy machine identification image texture.
Structural Change in Innovative Activities in Four Leading Sectors. An Interpretation of the Stylized Facts

This paper provides a quantitative picture of structural change in innovative activities in four leading sectors – chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics and machinery – in Europe, United States and Japan and suggests an interpretative framework for explaining the differential rates of innovation among and within these sectors. This framework claims that an in-depth understanding of sectoral uneven innovativeness needs a bottom-up analysis of the technological, institutional and microeconomic characteristics of the different industries. The concept of sectoral system is proposed and applied for the four sectors. The conclusion of this paper is that structural change is guided by the specific coevolution of the variables of the sectoral systems: knowledge and technology, firms, networks and institutions.
Understanding the Web Page Layout

Web pages transform their semantics not only by free texts, but also by their layouts. While information is explicitly encoded in free texts, the layout implicitly uncovers the semantical relationships of the free texts. In this paper, we proposed a framework for mining the semantics implied by the layout. The core of our work is a new HTML document model, called nested table model, which synthesize the DOM model and the syntax of HTML language. By the nested table model, we could formally define the relevancy of free texts. And hence, free texts could be grouped by their relevancy. Our experiment results indicate that the relevancy correctly reflects the semantics of web page layout.
RUNNING HEAD: FORECASTING ERRORS IN APOLOGIZING 1 Forecasting Errors in the Averseness of Apologizing

Apologizing is often seen as the appropriate response after a transgression for perpetrators. Yet, despite the positive effects that apologies elicit after situations of conflict, they are not always delivered easily. We argue that this is due –at least in partto perpetrators overestimating the averseness of apologizing, thus committing a forecasting error. Across two laboratory experiments and one autobiographical recall study, we demonstrate that perpetrators overestimate the averseness they will experience when apologizing compared to the averseness they experience when they actually apologize. Moreover, we show that this effect is driven by a misconstrual of the effects of an apology. Perpetrators overestimate the potentially negative effects of apologizing while simultaneously underestimating the potentially positive effects of apologizing. This forecasting error may have a negative effect on the initiation of the reconciliation process, due to perpetrators believing that apologizing is more averse than it actually is.
TNBCtype: A Subtyping Tool for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Motivation Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous breast cancer group, and identification of molecular subtypes is essential for understanding the biological characteristics and clinical behaviors of TNBC as well as for developing personalized treatments. Based on 3,247 gene expression profiles from 21 breast cancer data sets, we discovered six TNBC subtypes from 587 TNBC samples with unique gene expression patterns and ontologies. Cell line models representing each of the TNBC subtypes also displayed different sensitivities to targeted therapeutic agents. Classification of TNBC into subtypes will advance further genomic research and clinical applications. Result We developed a web-based subtyping tool TNBCtype for candidate TNBC samples using our gene expression meta data and classification methods. Given a gene expression data matrix, this tool will display for each candidate sample the predicted subtype, the corresponding correlation coefficient, and the permutation P-value. We offer a user-friendly web interface to predict the subtypes for new TNBC samples that may facilitate diagnostics, biomarker selection, drug discovery, and the more tailored treatment of breast cancer.
Unmanned Turning Force Control Based on the Spindle Drive Characteristics

While the rough turning process is machining a workpiece at various cutting depth, the feedrate is usually selected based on the maximum depth of cut. Even if this selection can avoid power saturation or tool breakage, it is very conservative compared to the capacity of machine tools and can reduce the productivity significantly. Many adaptive control techniques have been reported that can adjust the feedrate to maintain the constant cutting force. However, these controllers are not very widely used in manufacturing industry because of the limitations in measuring the cutting force signals and selecting the appropriate cutting force level. In this paper, an unmanned turning process control system is proposed based on the spindle drive characteristics. A synthesized cutting force monitor is introduced to estimate the cutting force as accurately as a dynamometer does. The reference cutting force level as well as the feed-rate is selected considering the spindle motor characteristics. Because the cutting process is highly nonlinear, a fuzzy logic controller is applied to maintain the desired cutting force level. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can be easily realized in CNC lathe with requiring little additional hardware.
J0041+3224: a new double-double radio galaxy

We report the discovery of a double-double radio galaxy (DDRG), J0041+3224, with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) and subsequent high-frequency observations with the Very Large Array (VLA). The inner and outer doubles are aligned within ∼4° and are reasonably collinear with the parent optical galaxy. The outer double has a steeper radio spectrum compared to the inner one. Using an estimated redshift of 0.45, the projected linear sizes of the outer and inner doubles are 969 and 171 kpc, respectively. The time-scale of interruption of jet activity has been estimated to be ∼20 Myr, similar to other known DDRGs. We have compiled a sample of known DDRGs, and have re-examined the inverse correlation between the ratio of the luminosities of the outer to the inner double and the size of the inner double, l in . Unlike the other DDRGs with l in ≥ 50 kpc, the inner double of J0041+3224 is marginally more luminous than the outer one. The two DDRGs with l in ≤ few kpc have a more luminous inner double than the outer one, possibly due to a higher efficiency of conversion of beam energy as the jets propagate through the dense interstellar medium. We have examined the symmetry parameters and found that the inner doubles appear to be more asymmetric in both its armlength and its flux density ratios compared to the outer doubles, although they appear marginally more collinear with the core than the outer double. We discuss briefly the possible implications of these trends.
Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas in the Cavernous Sinus: Clinical Research and Treatment

Introduction. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the clinical course, with the dural carotid cavernous fistula (CCF), featuring a pallet of symptoms, paying special attention to radiological findings. Methods. Seventy-six consecutive patients with dural CCFs were investigated in detail, all of whom were defined by angiography. Results. The most common initial symptom was diplopia in 47 patients (62%) and the most frequently observed on arrival were type II, featuring cranial nerve palsies followed by the classical triad in 27, and then type I only with cranial nerve palsies. The time until admission with type I (mean: 6.7 W ± 6.0) was significantly shorter than that with type II (mean: 25.1 W ± 23.5). Branches from bilateral carotid arteries widely inflowing into bilateral carotid cavernous sinus were present in 30 (39%), 20 (26%) of which also demonstrated direct inflow into the intercavernous sinus. type I and II had more multiple venous drainage routes as compared with type III (classical triad only on arrival) and IV (initial development of the classical triad followed by cranial nerve palsy). Conclusion. In our series of dural CCF patients, the most common initial symptom was cranial nerve palsy, mostly featuring multiple venous drainage including cortical drainage. Such palsies should be added to the classical triad as indicative symptoms. Bilateral carotid arteries often inflow into cavernous and intercavernous sinuses, which should be taken into account in choice of therapeutic strategy.
Prevention of murine autoimmune diabetes by CCL22-mediated Treg recruitment to the pancreatic islets.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreatic islets by effector T cells. Tregs, defined by the markers CD4 and FoxP3, regulate immune responses by suppressing effector T cells and are recruited to sites of action by the chemokine CCL22. Here, we demonstrate that production of CCL22 in islets after intrapancreatic duct injection of double-stranded adeno-associated virus encoding CCL22 recruits endogenous Tregs to the islets and confers long-term protection from autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In addition, adenoviral expression of CCL22 in syngeneic islet transplants in diabetic NOD recipients prevented β cell destruction by autoreactive T cells and thereby delayed recurrence of diabetes. CCL22 expression increased the frequency of Tregs, produced higher levels of TGF-β in the CD4+ T cell population near islets, and decreased the frequency of circulating autoreactive CD8+ T cells and CD8+ IFN-γ–producing T cells. The protective effect of CCL22 was abrogated by depletion of Tregs with a CD25-specific antibody. Our results indicate that islet expression of CCL22 recruits Tregs and attenuates autoimmune destruction of β cells. CCL22-mediated recruitment of Tregs to islets may be a novel therapeutic strategy for type 1 diabetes.
High-radix crossbar switches enabled by Proximity Communication

We describe a novel way to implement high-radix crossbar switches. Our work is enabled by a new chip interconnect technology called proximity communication (PxC) that offers unparalleled chip IO density. First, we show how a crossbar architecture is topologically mapped onto a PxC-enabled multi-chip module (MCM). Then, we describe a first prototype implementation of a small-scale switch based on a PxC MCM. Finally, we present a performance analysis of two large-scale switch configurations with 288 ports and 1,728 ports, respectively, contrasting a 1-stage PxC-enabled switch and a multi-stage switch using conventional technology. Our simulation results show that (a) arbitration delays in a large 1-stage switch can be considerable, (b) multi-stage switches are extremely susceptible to saturation under non-uniform traffic, a problem that becomes worse for higher radices (1-stage switches, in contrast, are not affected by this problem).
Hedonic Retail Beef and Pork Product Prices

Consumer-level hedonic models are estimated to determine factors affecting retail pork and beef meat cuts. Results indicate that brand premium and discount varies across private, national, and store brands and that brand premium varies across meat cuts carrying the same brand name. Product size discounts are linear for beef and nonlinear for pork, meat items on sale are significantly discounted to nonsale items, specialty stores typically will not garner higher prices than supermarket/grocery stores, and warehouse stores typically have premium prices relative to supermarket/grocery stores.
A Method of Pulmonary Nodules Detection with Support Vector Machines

Lung cancer is one of the deadly and most common diseases in the world. Many methods have been proposed to avoid radiologists fail to diagnose small pulmonary nodules. Recently, support vector machines (SVMs) had received an increasing attention for pattern recognition. We present a computerized system aimed at pulmonary nodules detection; it identifies the lung field, extracts a set of candidate regions with a high sensitivity ratio and then classifies candidates by the use of SVMs. We performed several experiments with different kernels and differently balanced training sets. The results obtained show that cost-sensitive SVMs trained with unbalanced data sets achieve promising results in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The studies have shown a high potential for implementation of this system in clinical practice as a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) tool.
Current Trends in Corporate Governance: Going from London to Milan via Toronto

Events taking place in Britain deserve the attention of those interested in corporate governance. The topic has generated much public debate in the United Kingdom (UK) over the past few years. Moreover, the work done in Britain has spurred reviews of corporate governance in markets around the world and has provided a yardstick against which standards in other countries are being measured. This article introduces the reader to the corporate governance debate that has been taking place in the UK. More specifically, it discusses the problems that are said to afflict the management and control of British public companies and describes the work done by various committees appointed to study corporate governance. Corporate governance arrangements in any one country are, to a significant extent, a product of the local economic and social environment. In the UK, it is uncommon for larger firms to have a dominant shareholder. This pattern of ownership is prevalent, however, in most other countries. The existence of a concentrated ownership structure has a profound impact on corporate governance. While enhancing managerial accountability is the issue which attracts most of the attention when public companies are widely held, if there is a controlling shareholder the position of the minority probably deserves to be treated as a higher priority. This article demonstrates this point by discussing developments affecting public companies in Italy and Canada.
Cold-Start Solution for Entity Shop Recommender Systems using Online Sales Records

Cold start solution to location-based entity shop recommender system is discussed with dataset from real business scenario ‘Koubei’ platform. Severe cold start problem is encountered as for the rapid accumulation of new customers and new merchants. Test dataset is classified into three groups based on the amount of user information, and different recommend strategy is implemented for each user group. Purchase probability of old users is predicted using neural network with features in respect of user, time and merchant characteristics. For new customers, user-based collaborative filtering is applied with records from online retail platform Alibaba Group.
Economic Inequality and Democratic Support

Does economic inequality influence citizens’ support for democracy? Political economy theory suggests that in a country with high inequality, the majority of the population will support democracy as a potential mechanism for redistribution. Much of the survey and area-studies literature, by contrast, suggests that inequality generates political disillusion and regime dissatisfaction. To clarify this disagreement, we distinguish between prospective versus retrospective evaluations as well as between egocentric versus sociotropic evaluations. We test the resulting hypotheses in a multilevel analysis conducted in 40 democracies. We find that citizens are retrospective and sociotropic, meaning that higher levels of economic inequality reduce support for democracy amongst all social classes. We also find a small prospective egocentric effect, in that the reduction in democratic support in highly unequal countries is slightly less severe amongst the poor, suggesting they believe that democracy might increase future redistribution.
Analysis of frequency characteristics of MEMS piezoelectric cantilever beam based energy harvester

In this paper, the parameters effect on resonant frequency of MEMS piezoelectric cantilever beam is studied by FEA simulation, which is aimed to provide estimation of the frequency error using simple beam formula for piezoelectric cantilever beam based vibration energy harvester. In the simulation, piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is simplified to a thin silicon cantilever beam with a proof mass attached at the free end; the frequency error (Er) was achieved from the difference of simulation value and the value determined by beam formula, and its three main parameters width to length ratio of cantilever beam, covering area of proof mass, and mass ratio of proof mass to cantilever mass are systematically analyzed with a range of 0.1 to 1, 0.05 to 0.6, 0.5 to 150 respectively; multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate these parameters effects. The results show that Er increases with each of these three parameters; the covering area of proof mass has the greatest effect on Er; the range of parameters should be carefully considered to avoid big frequency error using beam equation; the simulation results can be used to guide the design of piezoelectric cantilever beam based vibration energy harvester.
Low-energy electron scattering from methanol and ethanol

Measured and calculated differential cross sections for elastic (rotationally unresolved) electron scattering from two primary alcohols, methanol (CH3OH) and ethanol (C2H5OH), are reported. The measurements are obtained using the relative flow method with helium as the standard gas and a thin aperture as the collimating target gas source. The relative flow method is applied without the restriction imposed by the relative flow pressure conditions on helium and the unknown gas. The experimental data were taken at incident electron energies of 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, and 100 eV and for scattering angles of 5°–130°. There are no previous reports of experimental electron scattering differential cross sections for CH3OH and C2H5OH in the literature. The calculated differential cross sections are obtained using two different implementations of the Schwinger multichannel method, one that takes all electrons into account and is adapted for parallel computers, and another that uses pseudopotentials and considers only the valence electrons. Comparison between theory and experiment shows that theory is able to describe low-energy electron scattering from these polyatomic targets quite well.
A Theory of House Allocation and Exchange Mechanisms ∗

We study the allocation and exchange of indivisible objects without monetary transfers. In market design literature, some problems that fall in this category are the house allocation problem with and without existing tenants, and the kidney exchange problem. We introduce a new class of direct mechanisms that we call trading cycles with brokers and owners, and show that (i) each mechanism in the class is coalitionally strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient, and (ii) each coalitionally strategy-proof and Pareto-efficient direct mechanism is in the class. As corollaries, we obtain new characterizations in the aforementioned market design problems. ∗We thank seminar participants in Pittsburgh, Rochester, UCLA, Caltech Mini MatchingWorkshop, Montreal SCW Conference, Pittsburgh ES North American Summer Meeting, Koç, and Northwestern and Manolis Galenianos, Ed Green, Onur Kesten, Fuhito Kojima, Sang-Mok Lee, and Szilvia Pápai for comments. Ünver gratefully acknowledges the research support of National Science Foundation through grants SES #0338619 and SES #0616689. All errors are our own responsibility. †UCLA, Department of Economics, 8283 Bunche Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. E-mail: pycia-at-ucla.edu. ‡Address: Boston College, Department of Economics, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA. E-mail: unver-at-bc.edu.
Experimenting on interface design

This paper focuses on the choice of methods used to explore the interface design with the aim of increasing the number of interactions and enhancing social presence in an online environment. The research about interface design comprised four field-based experiments. The experiments focused on the design of different social facilities, but shared many similarities in terms of data collection and analysis. In addition, this paper describes how the online courses were designed and explains the experimental procedures common to all four experiments. Moreover, this paper discusses some of the challenges involved in conducting ‘real’ life experiments on interfaces in an online environment. Some of these challenges, such as students dropping of the courses and participants meeting in other face-to-face courses, do not have simple solutions. Others, such as technical problems should be carefully considered before the experiment starts. Furthermore, ‘real’ life experiment implies in less control over the variables. For this reason, the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis should be considered.
Risk Factors for Development of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in a Cohort of Adult Patients with STEC 0104:H4 Infection

The outbreak of Shiga toxin producing E.coli O104:H4 in northern Germany in 2011 was one of the largest worldwide and involved mainly adults. Post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) occurred in 22% of STEC positive patients. This study’s aim was to assess risk factors for HUS in STEC-infected patients and to develop a score from routine hospital parameters to estimate patient risks for developing HUS. In a cohort analysis, adult patients with STEC infection were included in five participating hospitals in northern Germany between May and July 2011. Clinical data were obtained from questionnaires and medical records, laboratory data were extracted from hospitals’ electronic data systems. HUS was defined as thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia and acute renal dysfunction. Random forests and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for HUS and develop a score using the estimated coefficients as weights. Among 259 adults with STEC infection, vomiting (OR 3.48,95%CI 1.88–6.53), visible blood in stools (OR 3.91,95%CI1.20–16.01), age above 75 years (OR 3.27, 95%CI 1.12–9.70) and elevated leukocyte counts (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.10–1.31, per 1000 cells/mm3) were identified as independent risk factors for HUS. A score using these variables has an area under the ROC curve of 0.74 (95%CI 0.68–0.80). Vomiting, visible blood in stools, higher leukocyte counts, and higher age indicate increased risk for developing HUS. A score using these variables might help to identify high risk patients who potentially benefit from aggressive pre-emptive treatment to prevent or mitigate the devastating consequences of HUS.
Robot path planning: complexity, flexibility and application scope

The three essential requirements of sensor based robotic arm manipulation and mobile robot navigation are localization (position and pose determination), environmental mapping (forming a model of the working environment) and trajectory (for manipulators) or path (for mobile robots) planning. This paper concerns the last of these and compares a number of approaches with regard to complexity, flexibility and application scope. Knowledge about these aspects is crucial in choosing an effective strategy for particular application domains.