Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES OF VINEGAR MADE FROM PEEL AND FRUIT OF PINEAPPLE (ANANAS COMOSUS L.)

Pineapple peel is a by-product of the pineapple processing industry and it consists of residual pulp, peels, and skin. If pineapple peels are not utilized they can cause environmental pollution The study was carried out with the objective of producing vinegar from the peel and fruit of pineapple, sugar and starter culture. The phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of pineapple peel vs fruit vinegar were assessed A light yellow colored vinegar was obtained from the pineapple fruit mixture and a light brown colored vinegar was obtained from pineapple peel mixture with mild fruity, acetic aroma through simultaneous fermentation by Saccharomyces boulardii and Acetobacter. Carbohydrates, saponins, flavanoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and coumarines were present in the both pineapple peel and fruit vinegar. The antioxidant content of peel vinegar (2077 mg acetate equivalence/100 ml) was found to be higher compared to that of fruit vinegar. Pineapple peel vinegar can be produced in large scale and marketed for its therapeutic effects and to exhibit environment friendly property over the synthetically produced chemical vinegars.
Wealth and the Capitalist Spirit

The wealth distribution in the U.S. is more unequal than either the income or earnings distribution, a fact current models of saving behavior have difficulty explaining. Using MaxWeber's (1905) idea that individuals may have a 'capitalist spirit', I construct and simulate a model where individuals accumulate wealth for its own sake rather than as deferred consumption. Including capitalist-spirit preferences in a simple life cycle model, with no other modifications, generates a skewness of wealth consistent with that observed in the U.S. economy. Furthermore, capitalist-spirit preferences provide a way to generate decreasing risk aversion with increases in wealth without resorting to idiosyncratic rates of time preference.
A Realistic and Efficient Distributed Infrastructure for Nomadic Web Cooperative Work

Currently, the Web environment provides support mostly for single-user browsing and authoring. Even though the WebDAV project proposed first solutions, there is still no adequate support for cooperative work that deals with the unreliability of such a distributed environment. We present the PINtildeAS infrastructure which provides means for supporting cooperative work on the Web. Using groupware applications that are built employing the services of this infrastructure, several users can access and modify replicated shared entities in a consistent and controlled way. PINtildeAS provides suited features, such as: user identification, multi-site user definition, user and entity naming, shared entity replication, storage, consistency, and automatic distributed updating. We propose seamless extensions to standard Web services that can be fully integrated within the Web environment. Moreover, the innovative PINtildeAS features provide reliable support for temporarily disconnected and nomadic work.
Guest column: inapproximability results via Long Code based PCPs

Summer has come again. And what better way is there to spend a summer than to relax on a sandy beach, on a mountain top, or at a park's picnic tables, and. think theory! Summer is a particularly good time to attack the big questions whose openness just plain annoys you. In light of Reingold's L = SL result, does L-vs.-RL tempt you? If so, take it on! (But perhaps peek first at Reingold--Trevisan--Vadhan's ECCC TR05-022.) Are you convinced that UP = NP should imply the collapse of the polynomial hierarchy? Make it so! (But if you hope to do so via showing that UP is contained in the low hierarchy, peek first at Long--Sheu's 1996 MST article.) You know that S2 ⊆ SNP∩coNP2 ⊆ ZPPNP and SNP2 ⊆ ZPPNPNP, but believe that some of those "⊆"s are "=" s or are (gasp! ) provably strict containments (thus giving some insight into whether recent improvements (Cai in FOCS 2001; Cai et al. in Information and Computation 2005) in the collapses of the polynomial hierarchy from assumptions that NP is in P/poly, (NP ∩ coNP)/poly, or coNP/poly are strict improvements)? Well, prove an "=" or find evidence for a strict containment. or to really make this a summer for us all to remember, prove a strict containment! Wishing you happy theorems.This article gives an overview of recent PCP constructions based on the Long Code and the inapproximability results implied by these constructions. We cover the inapproximability results for (1) MAX-3SAT and CLIQUE (2) Results for SPARSEST CUT, VERTEX COVER and MAX-CUT implied by the Unique Games Conjecture and (3) HYPERGRAPH VERTEX COVER and coloring problems on hypergraphs. The article aims at explaining the general framework that, loosely speaking, incorporates all the above results.
Interobserver Agreement in Magnetic Resonance of the Sacroiliac Joints in Patients with Spondyloarthritis

Background. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic parameters are used for diagnosis and classification of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of sacroiliac (SI) joints is being increasingly used to detect early sacroiliitis. We decided to evaluate the interobserver agreement in MRI findings of SI joints of SpA patients between a local radiologist, a rheumatologist, and an expert radiologist in musculoskeletal diseases. Methods. 66 MRI images of the SI joints of patients with established diagnosis of SpA were evaluated. Agreement was expressed in Cohen's kappa. Results. Interobserver agreement between a local radiologist and an expert radiologist was fair (κ = 0.37). Only acute findings showed a moderate agreement (κ = 0.45), while chronic findings revealed 76.5% of disagreement (κ = 0.31). A fair agreement was observed in acute findings (κ = 0.38) as well as chronic findings (κ = 0.38) between a local radiologist and a rheumatologist. There was a substantial agreement between an expert radiologist and a rheumatologist (κ = 0.73). In acute findings, a 100% agreement was achieved. Also chronic and acute plus chronic findings showed high levels of agreement (κ = 0.73 and 0.62, resp.). Conclusions. Our study shows that rheumatologists may have similar MRI interpretations of SI joints in SpA patients as an expert radiologist.
Particle size effect on gas sensing properties of ZnO pellets

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders were prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. Eight samples were prepared under different conditions using Taguchi method. Structural and morphological properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Pellets were manufactured at different pressing conditions and pellets were measured in propane gas (C3H8) at different concentration and measuring temperatures. Best sensitivity was obtained with the pellet ZnO-1 of a particle size of 38.7 nm with an order of magnitude of 4.
Interval Estimates of Non-Market Resource Values from Referendum Contingent Valuation Surveys

"Contingent Valuation Methods" (CVM) have attracted considerable attention in recent years as researchers have begun to resort to survey methods to elicit individual values for non-market goods (such as environmental resources or public goods). Cummings, Brookshire, and Schulze (1986) and Mitchell and Carson (1989) offer comprehensive assessments of these methods. CVM survey questions come in a variety of forms. One format which has proven to be popular is called the discrete choice (or take-it-or-leave-it, referendum, or closedended) question originally implemented in the literature by Bishop and Heberlein (1979). Since respondents find it very difficult to identify precisely their true point value of access to some resource or public good, open-ended valuation questions can be unreliable or can discourage response. In contrast, most people are familiar with being confronted by a posted "price" for a good, and with deciding whether or not they would "buy" at that price. This is the strategy behind discrete choice CVM questions. A different hypothetical price is offered to each respondent, and by their yes/ no response to the question of whether they would be willing to pay this price, the researcher gains information about their true underlying point value. One persistent difficulty with the econometric techniques that are currently used most widely to analyze referendum contingent valuation data is the absence of confidence intervals for the ultimate value estimates. Early empirical applications approximate mean valuations using a truncated mean based on a logit model, with the upper limit being the highest "bid" value in the sample. Unfortunately, the variance of this estimated mean cannot easily be recovered from the numerical integration procedure commonly used to calculate the
Entrepreneurship Capital - Determinants and Impact

Since the early 1980s, the role and general perception of entrepreneurship and start-up activities has changed drastically. In this paper, we investigate what determines regions' entrepreneurial behavior and the impact of it on regional economic performance. We argue that economic knowledge not only differs from traditional factors of production due to its public goods characteristic but it is also uncertain. With that perspective, the role of entrepreneurship is to take on the corresponding risk by starting up a new firm and thus to 'test' uncertain economic knowledge. This implies that knowledge spills over to the start-up firm and therefore entrepreneurship can be expected to have a positive impact on economic performance in a knowledge-based economy. We test this hypothesis using a production function approach. Using data on German regions, we estimate a two-equation system that regresses on both variables, entrepreneurship and economic performance, simultaneously, thus correcting for an endogeneity bias. We find a significant impact of entrepreneurship capital on economic output. On the other hand, spatially-specific entrepreneurship capital is shaped by regional-specific factors. However, the extent of this is different for knowledge based and non-knowledge-based measures of entrepreneurship. We derive policy conclusions from our findings.
Fast scale space image decomposition

The removal of high frequencies from an image while retaining edges, is a complicated problem that has many solutions in the literature. Most of these solutions are, however, iterative and computationally expensive. In this paper, we introduce a direct method with three basic steps. In the first, the image is convolved with a Gaussian function of a defined size. In the second the gradients of the blurred image are compared with those of the original and a third gradient that is the minimum of the two at each pixel is composed. Finally, the combined gradient is integrated in the Fourier domain to obtain the result.
Collaborative WiFi Fingerprinting Using Sensor-Based Navigation on Smartphones

This paper presents a method that trains the WiFi fingerprint database using sensor-based navigation solutions. Since micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors provide only a short-term accuracy but suffer from the accuracy degradation with time, we restrict the time length of available indoor navigation trajectories, and conduct post-processing to improve the sensor-based navigation solution. Different middle-term navigation trajectories that move in and out of an indoor area are combined to make up the database. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of WiFi database shifts on WiFi fingerprinting using the database generated by the proposed method. Results show that the fingerprinting errors will not increase linearly according to database (DB) errors in smartphone-based WiFi fingerprinting applications.
The Design of the FALCON Framework forApplication Level Communication

There exist a wide-variety of communication-intensive applications which run in networks and platforms of greatly varying characteristics. This implies the need for application level communication optimization, which is the optimization of network communication by exploiting application semantics as well as network and compute node characteristics. In this paper, we propose a exible object-oriented framework called FALCON for application level communication optimization by allowing complementary network communication optimization techniques to be combined in the form of matching stack layers at the endpoints of a communication channel. Each stack layer is composed of a pair of matching modules, executed in the sender and receiver endpoints respectively. To exploit application knowledge that is only available to one of the communicating peers, the framework allows an executable stack layer module to be supplied by either of the communication peers and provides for safe transport to and execution at the other end of the channel. Automatic rule-based optimization techniques similar to those used for extensible database query optimization are developed to optimize the communication channel stacks based on the characteristics of available stack layers, required properties of the channel, and an application-dependent cost model. In addition to providing architectural support for optimizing network communication, FALCON can also be used to introduce support for new communication and computing paradigms in high-level distributed computing environments. For example, while OMG's CORBA distributed object management architecture adopts remote method invocation as its primary communication mechanism, data streaming and service migration can be easily accommodated within the FALCON framework.
Strategies for Software Product Lines

Software-product-line engineering has gained considerable momentum in recent years, both in industry and in academia. A software product line is a set of software products that share a common set of features. Software product lines challenge traditional analysis techniques, such as type checking, testing, and formal verification, in their quest of ensuring correctness and reliability of software. Simply creating and analyzing all products of a product line is usually not feasible, due to the potentially exponential number of valid feature combinations. Recently, researchers began to develop analysis techniques that take the distinguishing properties of software product lines into account, for example, by checking feature-related code in isolation or by exploiting variability information during analysis. The emerging field of product-line analysis techniques is both broad and diverse such that it is difficult for researchers and practitioners to understand their similarities and differences (e.g., with regard to variability awareness or scalability), which hinders systematic research and application. We classify the corpus of existing and ongoing work in this field, we compare techniques based on our classification, and we infer a research agenda. A short-term benefit of our endeavor is that our classification can guide research in product-line analysis and, to this end, make it more systematic and efficient. A long-term goal is to empower developers to choose the right analysis technique for their needs out of a pool of techniques with different strengths and weaknesses.
Social Interface Agents: Acquiring Competence by Learning from Users and other Agents

Interface agents are computer programs that employ Artificial Intelligence techniques in order to provide assistance to a user dealing with a particular computer application. The paper discusses an interface agent which has been modeled closely after the metaphor of a personal assistant. The agent learns how to assist the user by (i) observing the user’s actions and imitating them, (ii) receiving user feedback when it takes wrong actions, (iii) being trained by the user on the basis of hypothetical examples and (iv) learning from other agents that assist other users with the same task. The paper discusses how this learning agent was implemented using memory-based learning and reinforcement learning techniques. It presents actual results from two prototype agents built using these techniques: one for a meeting scheduling application and one for electronic mail. It argues that the machine learning approach to building interface agents is a.feasible one which has several advantages over other approaches: it provides a customized and adaptive solution which is less costly and ensures better user acceptability.
The β-hairpin of 40S exit channel protein Rps5/uS7 promotes efficient and accurate translation initiation in vivo

The eukaryotic 43S pre-initiation complex bearing tRNAiMet scans the mRNA leader for an AUG start codon in favorable context. Structural analyses revealed that the β-hairpin of 40S protein Rps5/uS7 protrudes into the 40S mRNA exit-channel, contacting the eIF2∙GTP∙Met-tRNAi ternary complex (TC) and mRNA context nucleotides; but its importance in AUG selection was unknown. We identified substitutions in β-strand-1 and C-terminal residues of yeast Rps5 that reduced bulk initiation, conferred ‘leaky-scanning’ of AUGs; and lowered initiation fidelity by exacerbating the effect of poor context of the eIF1 AUG codon to reduce eIF1 abundance. Consistently, the β-strand-1 substitution greatly destabilized the ‘PIN’ conformation of TC binding to reconstituted 43S·mRNA complexes in vitro. Other substitutions in β-hairpin loop residues increased initiation fidelity and destabilized PIN at UUG, but not AUG start codons. We conclude that the Rps5 β-hairpin is as crucial as soluble initiation factors for efficient and accurate start codon recognition. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.07939. 001
Efficient Top-k Keyword Search in Graphs with Polynomial Delay

A system for efficient keyword search in graphs is demonstrated. The system has two components, a search through only the nodes containing the input keywords for a set of nodes that are close to each other and together cover the input keywords and an exploration for finding how these nodes are related to each other. The system generates all or top-k answers in polynomial delay. Answers are presented to the user according to a ranking criterion so that the answers with nodes closer to each other are presented before the ones with nodes farther away from each other. In addition, the set of answers produced by our system is duplication free. The system uses two methods for presenting the final answer to the user. The presentation methods reveal relationships among the nodes in an answer through a tree or a multi-center graph. We will show that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The system is demonstrated using two challenging datasets, very large DBLP and highly cyclic Mondial. Challenges and difficulties in implementing an efficient keyword search system are also demonstrated.
Supporting Search for Reusable Software Objects

Prior research has shown that achieving high levels of software reuse in the presence of repository and object-based computer-aided software engineering (CASE) development methods presents interesting human, managerial and technical challenges. This article presents research that seeks to enhanced software development performance through reuse. We propose automated support for developers who search large repositories for the appropriate reusable software objects. We characterize search for repository objects in terms of a multistage model involving screening, identification, and the subsequent choice between new object construction or reusable object implementation. We propose automated support tools, including ORCA, a software Object Reuse Classification Analyzer, and AMHYRST, an Automated HYpertext-based Reuse Search Tool, that are based on this model. ORCA utilizes a faceted classification approach that can be implemented using hypertext. We also describe an aspect of AMHYRST's architecture which can automatically create hypertext networks that represent and link objects in terms of a number of distinguishing features. We illustrate our approach with an example drawn from a real world object repository.
Consonant confusions in noise: a study of perceptual features.

Consonant confusion matrices were obtained for four sets of CV and VC nonsense syllables presented both in quiet and in the presence of a masking noise. A sequential method of partitioning transmitted information for confusion matrices was developed and used to test the hypothesis that when the internal redundancy of feature systems is taken into account, certain articulatory and phonological features of consonants consistently account for transmitted information better than other, closely related, features. Results of the analyses indicate that for most confusion matrices several feature systems can be shown to account equally well for transmitted information, and that across syllable sets and listening conditions, there is little consistency in the identification of perceptually important features. The implication of these findings with respect to the existence of natural perceptual features for consonants is discussed.
Fixed , Random , or Something in Between ?

This paper proposes a variant of the classical HAUSMAN specifi cation test commonly employed to decide whether the estimation of a random-eff ects model is a viable alternative to estimating fi xed eff ects. Whereas the classical test probes the equality of fi xedand random eff ects, the proposed variant focuses on the equality of between-groups and fi xed-eff ects coeffi cients. While both test procedures lead to the same conclusions, the panel model specifi cation underlying our testing strategy facilitates the simultaneous estimation of the fi xedand between-groups eff ects. As a consequence, we are able to examine both the equality of the whole range of coeffi cients as well as that of individual variables. The usefulness of the test is illustrated using a panel of household travel data for Germany. JEL Classifi cation: C12
Symptoms and risk factors of depression during and after the football career of elite female players

Background The mental health of elite athletes has received increasing attention in recent years, but no study has evaluated the career–time prevalence of depression, and very few have analysed risk factors of mental health problems during or after the career. Methods 157 (response rate 64.1%) female players who played in the German First League answered an anonymous online survey on details of their football career, stressful and helpful conditions, depression and need of psychotherapeutic support during and after the football career. Results The career–time prevalence of depression symptoms was 32.3%. Significant differences in the average depression score were observed for playing positions (F=2.75; p<0.05) and levels of play (F=3.53; p<0.01). About half of the players (49.7%) stated ‘conflicts with coach/management’ as an important reason for their low in moods, followed by ‘low in performance/injury’ (48.4%) and ‘too little support/acknowledgement by the coach’ (40.0%). ‘Psychological strain/stress’ (46.5%) was (after injury) the second most important reason for lows in performance. During their career, almost 40% of players wanted or needed psychological support, but only 10% received it. After their career, the percentage of players wanting or needing psychological support decreased to 24%, of whom 90% received it. Conclusions The high prevalence of depression symptoms in combination with low use of psychotherapy during the career shows the need for de-stigmatisation of mental health issues in elite football. Furthermore, it seems very important to educate coaches, physicians, physiotherapists and club managers to recognise and prevent mental health problems of their players.