Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transforming High-Poverty Urban Middle Schools Into Strong Learning Institutions: Lessons From the First Five Years of the Talent Development Middle School

The Johns Hopkins Talent Development Middle School model aims to transform high-poverty, urban middle schools into strong learning institutions that reliably provide every student with a standards-based education and every teacher with the training, support, and materials she or he needs to deliver it. Two of the model's developers discuss 10 lessons learned from implementing, refining, and evaluating this model in 5 high-poverty middle schools in Philadelphia and discuss obstacles they have encountered and breakthroughs they made in developing the knowledge base, materials, and infrastructure needed. Taken together, the lessons suggest that "improvement now" in curriculum and instruction and in student achievement is a realistic goal even in high-poverty, urban middle schools. However, such improvement requires multiple layers of sustained technical assistance and implementation support and also requires local partners who can help the model to become integrated into the fabric of the school district.
Can we recreate delusions in the laboratory?

Clinical delusions are difficult to investigate in the laboratory because they co-occur with other symptoms and with intellectual impairment. Partly for these reasons, researchers have recently begun to use hypnosis with neurologically intact people in order to model clinical delusions. In this paper we describe striking analogies between the behavior of patients with a clinical delusion of mirrored self misidentification, and the behavior of highly hypnotizable subjects who receive a hypnotic suggestion to see a stranger when they look in the mirror. Based on these analogies, we argue that the use of hypnosis is a reliable method to investigate the surface features of clinical delusions. But to what extent can hypnosis successfully recreate delusions? Can it also contribute to a better understanding of delusion formation? Although clinical delusions and hypnotically induced beliefs are different in etiology, some analogies can be identified in the underlying processes that characterise them, based on the two-factor theory of delusion formation.
Hierarchical RBF Neural Network Using for Early Stage Internet Traffic Identification

Identifying network traffics at their early stages accurately is very important for network management and security. Recent years, more and more studies have devoted to find effective machine learning models to identify traffics with the few packets at the early stage. In this paper, we design a Hierarchical Radial Basis Function network (HRBF) model based on our previous works, and then we apply the HRBF model for early stage traffic identification. Three network traffic data sets including two open data sets are used for the study, and six widely used classifiers are employed as the comparing methods in the identification experiments. Accuracy and area under curve (AUC) are applied to evaluate the performances of compared methods. HRBF outperforms the other methods for most cases in the identification experiments, and it behaves very well for both of accuracy and AUC. Thus, HRBF is effective for early stage traffic identification.
List detection for multi-access channels

We propose a low complexity iterative multiuser decoder. We perform the multiuser a-posteriori probability calculation based on the marginalization of probabilities over a subset of the P highest probable sequences. Given a K user symmetric channel this list may be approximated closely with per-bit computational complexity O(K + P + 2K log K). We further show that for any multiuser system possessing a polynomial complexity optimal detection algorithm it is possible to obtain the P highest probable sequences with polynomial complexity. We further show that for any multiuser channel it is possible to obtain P highly probable sequences in polynomial time and hence utilize the list detection procedure for iterative decoding.
Telerehabilitation in stroke care – a systematic review

We conducted a systematic review of telerehabilitation interventions in stroke care. The following databases were searched: Medline, Embase, DARE-NHSEED-HTA (INAHTA) and the Cochrane Library. Nine studies, all published after 2000, were included in the review. A wide variety of telemedicine interventions in post-stroke rehabilitation care was identified. Four studies had been carried out in the USA, two in the Netherlands, two in Italy and one in China. There were four randomized controlled trials and one qualitative analysis. Four studies used an observational study design/case series. Home-based telerehabilitation interventions showed promising results in improving the health of stroke patients and in supporting caregivers. Telemedicine systems based on a virtual environment for upper extremity exercise can improve the physical health of stroke patients. Health professionals and participants reported high levels of satisfaction and acceptance of telerehabilitation interventions. There was no evidence regarding the effects on resource utilization or cost-effectiveness. Most studies showed promising results, although overall, the quality of the evidence on telerehabilitation in post-stroke care was low.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Boerhavia elegans (choisy) grown in Baluchestan, Iran

Objective: Boerhaavia elegans L. (Nyctaginaceae) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of kidney disorders, urinary tract disorders and blood purification in Baluch tribe. The aim of present study is to evaluate the antioxidant property of B. elegans species for the first time. Materials and Methods: Different parts (leaf, stem and fruit) of the plant were extracted by using various solvents (water, methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate) and evaluated for their antioxidant activity using DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) methods. In addition, total phenolic content was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. Results: Antioxidant results were expressed as IC50. The antioxidant power in DPPH and FRAP assay were evaluated as shown in decreasing order: Methanolic extract > Aqueous extract > Ethyl acetate extract > Chloroform extract, for all parts of the plant. In both methods of antioxidant assay and Folin-Ciocalteu method, methanolic extract of leaf exhibited the highest activity and the most phenolic content IC50= 6.85 ppm and 16.41 mg GA/g d w respectively. Total phenolic content had a positive relationship with antioxidant capacity in extracts and there was a high correlation (r=1.00, p<0.01) between antioxidant activities as determined by both antioxidant assays for various parts. Conclusion: The results of the experiments showed that B. elegans extract had significant antioxidant effects. This high antioxidant activity may be linked to phenolic contents of the plant but complementary investigations are suggested in order to determine active elements.
Exploring the Challenges of MP3 Audio Steganography

This paper presents the issues and challenges faced for steganographic techniques that uses MP3 (Moving Picture Experts Group-1 "MPEG-1" Audio Layer 3) files as the cover or carrier file. The problem of steganographic techniques for MP3 is variety of MP3 states, where it exists at higher or lower bit rates, with higher or lower resulting quality. These have profound effects on strength of techniques that will be used for a different state of MP3 files. Several techniques have already been proposed for embedding data in MP3 files using steganography systems. Unfortunately, there are lacks of general emergence research on the issues and the challenges faced with the MP3 file in terms of steganography. Some techniques for embedding information in MP3 files were reviewed, and recommendations are being proposed for the best strategy of hide information in MP3 files and the possibility of finding other new techniques hiding information in MP3 files.
The Attractiveness of Magazines as “Open” and “Closed” Texts: Values of Women's Magazines and Their Readers

This study examines the widespread notion that people turn to media to find reinforcement for their personal values. Based on a representative sample of subscribers to women's magazines, the article investigates relationships between readers’ own values and the values they ascribe to the magazine. For some titles, selective exposure to a periodical that presents values close to their readers is observed. For others, readers disagree on magazine values to an extent that indicates considerable room for interpretation of a magazine as an “open” text. Some women's magazines seem to allow their readers to project their own values onto the published contents rather than presenting a clear-cut, “objective” value pattern that could steer exposure.
Configuration coverage in the analysis of large-scale system software

System software, especially operating systems, tends to be highly configurable. Like every complex piece of software, a considerable amount of bugs in the implementation has to be expected. In order to improve the general code quality, tools for static analysis provide means to check for source code defects without having to run actual test cases on real hardware. Still, for proper type checking a specific configuration is required so that all header include paths are available and all types are properly resolved. In order to find as many bugs as possible, usually a "full configuration" is used for the check. However, mainly because of alternative blocks in form of #else-blocks, a single configuration is insufficient to achieve full coverage. In this paper, we present a metric for configuration coverage (CC) and explain the challenges for (properly) calculating it. Furthermore, we present an efficient approach for determining a sufficiently small set of configurations that achieve (nearly) full coverage and evaluate it on a recent Linux kernel version.
A model for the maturation of protective antibody responses to SIV envelope proteins in experimentally immunized monkeys

Abstract: Studies using live attenuated virus vaccines in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) rhesus macaque model have demonstrated broad protection against experimental challenge. Protection in these studies was found to be critically dependent on the length of time postvaccination, suggesting that protective immunity involves a necessary maturation of immune responses. The current study characterizes the evolution of protective envelope‐specific antibody responses from monkeys inoculated with the highly attenuated SIV/17E‐C1 virus vaccine. For comparison, the same antibody assays were used to characterize the properties of SIV envelope‐specific antibodies elicited by inactivated whole virus and envelope subunit vaccines that failed to provide protection from experimental virus challenge. Results of these studies identify a continuous and complex maturation of envelope‐specific antibody responses during the first six to eight months postinfection. Furthermore, the time required for maturation of SIV envelope‐specific antibodies parallels the time required for the development of protective immunity against experimental challenge with heterologous strains of SIV. While no single immune correlate of protection has been identified, we suggest that a combination of antibody parameters may serve as prognostic indicators in the development of candidate AIDS vaccines.
Cognitive and learning strategies for longstanding temporal lobe lesions in a child who suffered from Herpes simplex virus encephalitis: a case study over 10 years

This article presents a case study indicating that Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis may cause permanent learning disabilities due to damage to the temporal lobes as it discusses the results of a case study extending over 10 years to determine the long‐term effects on both the anatomy of the brain and the intellectual functioning of the subject. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were taken of the subject during the initial HSV encephalitis infection and subsequently six months after recovery. Follow‐up MRI scans were taken 10 years later. At this time the Senior South African Individual Scale—Revised IQ test was administered to determine any residual neuropsychological impairment due to HSV encephalitis infection. Follow‐up MRI analysis indicated permanent bilateral necrotic areas in the medial temporal lobe, while the IQ test revealed marked impairment of the short‐term memory, verbal memory, visual memory, visual scanning abilities and gestalt formation, which can be ascribed to temporal lobe lesions.
Contour Guided Hierarchical Model for Shape Matching

For its simplicity and effectiveness, star model is popular in shape matching. However, it suffers from the loose geometric connections among parts. In the paper, we present a novel algorithm that reconsiders these connections and reduces the global matching to a set of interrelated local matching. For the purpose, we divide the shape template into overlapped parts and model the matching through a part-based layered structure that uses the latent variable to constrain parts' deformation. As for inference, each part is used for localizing candidates by the partial matching. Thanks to the contour fragments, the partial matching can be solved via modified dynamic programming. The overlapped regions among parts of the template are then explored to make the candidates of parts meet at their shared points. The process is fulfilled via a refined procedure based on iterative dynamic programming. Results on ETHZ shape and Inria Horse datasets demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithm.
Matching pursuits sinusoidal speech coding

This paper introduces a sinusoidal modeling technique for low bit rate speech coding wherein the parameters for each sinusoidal component are sequentially extracted by a closed-loop analysis. The sinusoidal modeling of the speech linear prediction (LP) residual is performed within the general framework of matching pursuits with a dictionary of sinusoids. The frequency space of sinusoids is restricted to sets of frequency intervals or bins, which in conjunction with the closed-loop analysis allow us to map the frequencies of the sinusoids into a frequency vector that is efficiently quantized. In voiced frames, two sets of frequency vectors are generated: one of them represents harmonically related and the other one nonharmonically related components of the voiced segment. This approach eliminates the need for voicing dependent cutoff frequency that is difficult to estimate correctly and to quantize at low bit rates. In transition frames, to efficiently extract and quantize the set of frequencies needed for the sinusoidal representation of the LP residual, we introduce frequency bin vector quantization (FBVQ). FBVQ selects a vector of nonuniformly spaced frequencies from a frequency codebook in order to represent the frequency domain information in transition regions. Our use of FBVQ with closed-loop searching contribute to an improvement of speech quality in transition frames. The effectiveness of the coding scheme is enhanced by exploiting the critical band concept of auditory perception in defining the frequency bins. To demonstrate the viability and the advantages of the new models studied, we designed a 4 kbps matching pursuits sinusoidal speech coder. Subjective results indicate that the proposed coder at 4 kbps has quality exceeding the 6.3 kbps G.723. 1 coder.
Opioid receptors on bulbospinal respiratory neurons are not activated during neuronal depression by clinically relevant opioid concentrations.

Opioids depress the activity of brain stem respiratory-related neurons, but it is not resolved whether the mechanism at clinical concentrations consists of direct neuronal effects or network effects. We performed extracellular recordings of discharge activity of single respiratory neurons in the caudal ventral respiratory group of decerebrate dogs, which were premotor neurons with a likelihood of 90%. We used multibarrel glass microelectrodes, which allowed concomitant highly localized picoejection of opioid receptor agonists or antagonists onto the neuron. Picoejection of the mu receptor agonist [d-Ala(2), N-Me-phe(4), gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin (DAMGO, 1 mM) decreased the peak discharge frequency (mean +/- SD) of expiratory neurons to 68 +/- 22% (n = 12), the delta(1) agonist d-Pen(2,5)-enkephalin (DPDPE, 1 mM) to 95 +/- 11% (n = 15), and delta(2) receptor agonist [d-Ala(2)] deltorphin-II to 86 +/- 17% (1 mM, n = 15). The corresponding values for inspiratory neurons were: 64 +/- 12% (n = 11), 48 +/- 30% (n = 12), and 75 +/- 15% (n = 11), respectively. Naloxone fully reversed these effects. Picoejection of morphine (0.01-1 mM) depressed most neurons in a concentration dependent fashion to maximally 63% (n = 27). Picoejection of remifentanil (240-480 nM) did not cause any significant depression of inspiratory (n = 11) or expiratory neurons (n = 9). 4. Intravenous remifentanil (0.2-0.6 microg.kg(-1). min(-1)) decreased neuronal peak discharge frequency to 60 +/- 12% (inspiratory, n = 7) and 58 +/- 11% (expiratory, n = 11). However, local picoejection of naloxone did not reverse the neuronal depression. Our data suggest that mu, delta(1), and delta(2) receptors are present on canine respiratory premotor neurons. Clinical concentrations of morphine and remifentanil caused no local depression. This lack of effect and the inability of local naloxone to reverse the neuronal depression by intravenous remifentanil suggest that clinical concentrations of opioids produce their depressive effects on mechanisms upstream from respiratory bulbospinal premotor neurons.
The Past, Present, and Future of Violent Crime Federalism

The history of the federal involvement in violent crime frequently is told as one of entrepreneurial or opportunistic action by presidential administrations and Congress. The problem with this story, however, is that it treats state and local governments as objects of federal initiatives, not as independent agents. Appreciating that state and local governments courted and benefited from the federal interest is important for understanding the past two decades, but also for understanding the institutional strains created by the absolute priority the feds have given to counterterrorism since September 11, 2001. Intergovernmental relations are at a crossroads. For two decades, the net costs of the federal interaction with state and local governments on crime have been absorbed nationally, with the benefits felt locally. The federal commitment to terrorism prevention and the roles federal authorities envision for state and local agencies portend a very different dynamic, with reduced federal funding for policing and an inherent tension between domestic intelligence collection and street crime enforcement, particularly in urban areas with a high proportion of immigrants.
Human Resource Development Climate in India: Examining the Psychometric Properties of HRD Climate Survey Instrument

The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of scores from human resource development (HRD) climate survey instrument by Rao and Abraham (1986). Data were obtained from 403 Indian business executives working in both public and private sector business organizations. Six interpretable factors were extracted as a result of exploratory factor analysis instead of three dimensional structure proposed by the authors of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results provided support for the superiority of six factor model over alternative models. All the six factors were found to be internally consistent. Results indicated that Rao and Abraham’s scale with sound psychometric properties showed promise for HRD research. Establishing the psychometric properties of the instrument will further accelerate the HRD research in India. Importantly, the study has made an attempt to address the lack of research and practice on organizational climate, which is a matter of concern as expressed by several researchers, and revive the interest in climate studies to some extent.
ANGIOTENSIN‐CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITION CAUSES DETERIORATION IN RENAL FUNCTION IN ONE‐KIDNEY GOLDBLATT HYPERTENSIVE RATS WITH AND WITHOUT RENAL ARTERIAL STENOSIS

1. The renal and hypotensive effects of a new angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, cilazapril, were evaluated in 18 one‐kidney, one‐clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats (1K1C), 10 one‐kidney normotensive rats (1K) and eight 1K1C rats with acute unclipping (1KU). Cilazapril was infused intravenously (25 μg/kg per min) into anaesthetized rats, and the arterial blood pressure (BP) and renal clearance of rats were measured.
Optimization of Binary Decision Diagram using Genetic algorithm

Fault tree analysis is a widely accepted technique to assess the probability and frequency of system failure in many industries. Traditionally statistical methods and boolean reductions is employed to analyze the fault tree. Even though the fault tree approach is commonly used for system reliability analysis, there are inherent limitations in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. For the evaluation of minimal cut-set using fault tree method, it is required to solve large number of boolean expressions which increases number of computations. At the same time these computations are based on approximations which affect the accuracy of the results. The Binary Decision Diagram (BDD) is relatively new approach employed for fault tree analysis which has better computational efficiency. But the limitations of BDD lies in the optimal ordering of basic events, because such an ordering determines the final size of BDD which in turns determines the overall efficiency of this method. Hence the choice of heuristic is very crucial to get the maximum benefit from this method. For determining the optimal ordering many heuristic has been developed, but not a single heuristic is able to give minimal BDD. Hence for the determining the optimal ordering a latest approach based on “Genetic algorithm (GA)” is presented in our project. In our project we have discussed the current heuristic approaches being used for BDD size optimization and highlighted its limitations. Then we have proposed a generalized method for the selection of optimal ordering of basic events using GA, which is not based on any heuristic previously given. Main key idea in the application of GA in BDD size optimization is to define population size and representation of ordered set of variable as chromosome.
Multi-Class Image Labeling with Top-Down Segmentation and Generalized Robust $P^N$ Potentials

We propose a novel formulation for the scene labeling problem which is able to combine object detections with pixel-level information in a Conditional Random Field (CRF) framework. Since object detection and multi-class image labeling are mutually informative problems, pixel-wise segmentation can benefit from powerful object detectors and vice versa. The main contribution of the current work lies in the incorporation of topdown object segmentations as generalized robust P N potentials into the CRF formulation. These potentials present a principled manner to convey soft object segmentations into a unified energy minimization framework, enabling joint optimization and thus mutual benefit for both problems. As our results show, the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the categories for which object detections are available. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.