Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Taurine Role on Some Biochemical and Histological Alterations in γ - Irradiated Rats

Ionizing radiation is well known to induce oxidative stress on target tissues, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species that present an enormous challenge for biological and medical safety. The present study has been designed to investigate the protective role of taurine (TA), a sulfur containing essential amino acid, against oxidative stress induced by gamma (γ) Irradiation. Rats were subjected to single dose of 6 Gray. Five days before or after irradiation, animals received TA daily (100 mg/kg body weight i.p.). In the irradiated animals, the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde was significantly increased while a marked decrease in the catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as in the reduced glutathione contents in hepatic, cardiac, and renal tissues were demonstrated. In addition, serum lipid profiles, kidney functions and the activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase were disturbed after irradiation. Moreover, γ-Irradiation induced hematological changes as well as histopathological alterations in the hepatic, cardiac and renal tissues. Pretreatment with TA, significantly improved radiation-induced injury as indicated by the reduction of the indices of liver, heart and kidney damage, lipid peroxidation product, the elevation of antioxidants, the attenuation of the hematological disturbances and the tissues histological architecture. Less protection was obtained on TA- post treatment suggesting that administration of TA protected the tissue damage produced by the acute sublethal dose of γ-irradiation in rats by decreasing oxidative stress in a way depending on the order of TA administration.
Digit-Level Serial-In Parallel-Out Multiplier Using Redundant Representation for a Class of Finite Fields

Two digit-level finite field multipliers in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> using redundant representation are presented. Embedding <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2^{m}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in cyclotomic field <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathbb {F}_{2}^{(n)}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> causes a certain amount of redundancy and consequently performing field multiplication using redundant representation would require more hardware resources. Based on a specific feature of redundant representation in a class of finite fields, two new multiplication algorithms along with their pertaining architectures are proposed to alleviate this problem. Considering area-delay product as a measure of evaluation, it has been shown that both the proposed architectures considerably outperform existing digit-level multipliers using the same basis. It is also shown that for a subset of the fields, the proposed multipliers are of higher performance in terms of area-delay complexities among several recently proposed optimal normal basis multipliers. The main characteristics of the postplace&route application specific integrated circuit implementation of the proposed multipliers for three practical digit sizes are also reported.
Macromolecular crystallization in microgravity

Density difference fluid flows and sedimentation of growing crystals are greatly reduced when crystallization takes place in a reduced gravity environment. In the case of macromolecular crystallography a crystal of a biological macromolecule is used for diffraction experiments (x-ray or neutron) so as to determine the three-dimensional structure of the macromolecule. The better the internal order of the crystal then the greater the molecular structure detail that can be extracted. It is this structural information that enables an understanding of how the molecule functions. This knowledge is changing the biological and chemical sciences, with major potential in understanding disease pathologies. In this review, we examine the use of microgravity as an environment to grow macromolecular crystals. We describe the crystallization procedures used on the ground, how the resulting crystals are studied and the knowledge obtained from those crystals. We address the features desired in an ordered crystal and the techniques used to evaluate those features in detail. We then introduce the microgravity environment, the techniques to access that environment and the theory and evidence behind the use of microgravity for crystallization experiments. We describe how ground-based laboratory techniques have been adapted to microgravity flights and look at some of the methods used to analyse the resulting data. Several case studies illustrate the physical crystal quality improvements and the macromolecular structural advances. Finally, limitations and alternatives to microgravity and future directions for this research are covered. Macromolecular structural crystallography in general is a remarkable field where physics, biology, chemistry and mathematics meet to enable insight to the fundamentals of life. As the reader will see, there is a great deal of physics involved when the microgravity environment is applied to crystallization, some of it known, and undoubtedly much yet to discover.
Association of MBL2 Gene Polymorphism with Dental Caries in Saudi Children

The high prevalence of dental caries in children worldwide is a major oral health problem which requires early intervention. Dental caries is mainly caused by the action of acids produced by bacteria in addition to many other factors. Recent genetic studies have reported that a number of genes are associated with the susceptibility to dental caries. The majority of these genes are associated with inflammation, increased susceptibility to infection, and dentine matrix formation. Using the TaqMan assay and direct DNA sequencing, the prevalence of 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP9, MBL2, MMP2, and TIMP2 genes was determined in 102 children with caries and in 100 age-matched caries-free controls. Out of the 6 SNPs tested in the 4 selected genes, only rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort. In addition, haplotype analysis of the 6 SNPs tested revealed that certain haplotypes, namely GT of rs11003125G and rs7501477T and GT of rs7096206G and rs7501477T, were found to be associated with a high prevalence of dental caries in our cohort, while haplotype AG of rs17576A and rs7501477G was found to have a protective effect against dental caries. In conclusion, the data indicate that rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort, and 2 haplotypes are also involved in the increased susceptibility to dental caries.
A Novel 14-Transistors Low-Power High-Speed PPM Adder

In this paper we mainly deal with design and simulation of different redundant-binary full adder (Plus-Plus-Minus Adder) topologies using minimum number of transistors. These PPM adder topologies are simulated to evaluate their performance in total power dissipation, speed, and PDP. Compared with other PPM adder designs, the proposed novel design full adder topology features higher computing speed and lower energy (power delay product) operation. The simulation results reveal that the overall PDP for the proposed circuits have been improved by 10 % to 15 % at the supply voltage of 1.8V when compared with the reported PPM adder topologies at 0. 18µm CMOS technology.
Two-year clinical outcome after abciximab-coated stent implantation in patients with coronary artery disease.

BACKGROUND Despite abciximab-coated stents having an inhibitory effect on coronary artery restenosis, the medium-term clinical outcome is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This prospective, randomized study compared the effects of the abciximab-coated stent, which was implanted in 95 patients, with those of control bare metal stents (BMS) implanted in 93 patients for de novo coronary lesions. Stent implantation was performed without any complications associated with the procedure. The 6-month intravascular ultrasound analysis showed that the area of neointimal hyperplasia was significantly smaller in the abciximab-coated stent group compared with the control stent group (+2.0+/-1.6 mm(2) vs +3.4+/-1.7 mm(2), P=0.001). However, at 2-year clinical follow up, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of total major adverse cardiac events (16% vs 24%, P=0.19) and cardiac death (0% vs 1.1%, P=0.3), target vessel revascularization (16% vs 21%, P=0.4) or non-fatal myocardial infarction (0% vs 2.3%, P=0.16) in the abciximab-coated stent group compared with the control stent group. CONCLUSIONS Although abciximab-coated stents are safe and inhibit neointimal hyperplasia, they have no superiority over BMS in 2-year clinical outcome.
The Gellan Gum Biosynthetic Genes gelC and gelE Encode Two Separate Polypeptides Homologous to the Activator and the Kinase Domains of Tyrosine Autokinases

The high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide gellan is an important commercial gelling agent produced in high yield by the Gram-negative bacterium Sphingomonas elodea ATCC 31461. The cluster of genes required for gellan biosynthesis contains the genes gelC and gelE. These encode for two polypeptides homologous to the activator domain and the kinase domain, respectively, of bacterial autophosphorylating tyrosine kinases involved in polysaccharide chain length determination. The GelC/GelE pair is an exception to the biochemically characterized Gram-negative tyrosine autokinases since it consists of two polypeptides instead of a single one. The deletion of gelC or gelE resulted in the abolishment of gellan in the culture medium confirming their role in gellan biosynthesis. In addition, ATP-binding assays confirmed the predicted ATP-binding ability of GelE. Interestingly, GelE contains an unusual Walker A sequence (ASTGVGCS), where the invariant lysine is replaced by a cysteine. This residue was replaced by alanine or lysine and although both mutant proteins were able to restore gellan production by complementation of the gelE deletion mutant to the production level observed with native GelE, only the mutated GelE where the cysteine was replaced by alanine was demonstrated to bind ATP in vitro. The importance of specific tyrosine residues present in the C-terminal domain of GelE in gellan assembly was also determined. The tyrosine residue at position 198 appears to be essential for the synthesis of high-molecular-weight gellan, although other tyrosine residues may additionally contribute to GelE biological function.
Evidence for a Plastid Origin of Plant Ethylene Receptor Genes1

Two genes in the newly complete genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 encode homologs of the ethylene hormone receptors of higher plants, and reanalysis of an ethylene-binding protein in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 reveals a third homolog. Here,
The Biosynthetic Pathways for Shikimate and Aromatic Amino Acids in Arabidopsis thaliana

The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan in plants are not only essential components of protein synthesis, but also serve as precursors for a wide range of secondary metabolites that are important for plant growth as well as for human nutrition and health. The aromatic amino acids are synthesized via the shikimate pathway followed by the branched aromatic amino acid metabolic pathway, with chorismate serving as a major branch point intermediate metabolite. Yet, the regulation of their synthesis is still far from being understood. So far, only three enzymes in this pathway, namely, chorismate mutase of phenylalanine and tyrosine synthesis, tryptophan synthase of tryptophan biosynthesis and arogenate dehydratase of phenylalanine biosynthesis, proved experimentally to be allosterically regulated. The major biosynthesis route of phenylalanine in plants occurs via arogenate. Yet, recent studies suggest that an alternative route of phynylalanine biosynthesis via phenylpyruvate may also exist in plants, similarly to many microorganisms. Several transcription factors regulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes of both the shikimate pathway and aromatic amino acid metabolism have also been recently identified in Arabidopsis and other plant species.
A novel missense mutation (C622G) in the zinc‐finger domain of the human hairless gene associated with congenital atrichia with papular lesions

Abstract: Congenital atrichia with papular lesions is a rare, recessively inherited form of hair loss characterized by a complete absence of all body hair shortly after birth. Mutations in the human ortholog of the mouse hairless (hr) gene have been implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this study, we screened, by direct sequence analysis, the hairless gene in a family of Polish descent and identified a novel missense mutation (C622G). The mutation alters the third of four invariant cysteins in the zinc‐finger domain, which has high homology to the C‐X‐X‐C‐(X)17‐C‐X‐X‐C structure of the zinc‐fingers of the GATA family of transcription factors. The human hairless gene encodes a putative transcription factor with restricted expression in the brain and skin, which is involved in the regulation of apoptosis during catagen remodeling in the hair cycle.
Progress toward a thousandfold reduction in 1∕f noise in magnetic sensors using an ac microelectromechanical system flux concentrator (invited)

The potential advantage of some magnetic sensors having a large response is greatly decreased because of the 1∕f noise. We are developing a device, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator, that will mitigate the effect of this 1∕f noise. It does this by placing flux concentrators on MEMS structures that oscillate at kilohertz frequencies. By shifting the operating frequency, the 1∕f noise will be reduced by one to three orders of magnitude depending upon the sensor and the desired operating frequency. We have succeeded in fabricating the necessary MEMS structures and observing the desired kilohertz normal-mode resonant frequencies. Only microwatts are required to drive the motion. We have used spin valves for our magnetic sensors. The measured field enhancement provided by the flux concentrators agrees to within 4% with the value estimated from finite element calculations. No difference was detected in noise measurements on spin valves with and without the flux concentrators. This resul.
Effect of residual renal function on minimum dialysis requirements.

In two groups of haemodialysis patients, the effect of residual renal function (RRF) on motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was prospectively studied. Patients belonging to Group I had stable GFR of greater than 1 ml/min while Group II patients had gradually declining GFR. As a result, the dialysis index for middle molecules, DI(MM), remained above 1.0 in Group I despite dialysis schedules as short as 6 hr/wk. DI(MM) in Group II fell gradually below 1.0 as renal function deteriorated on equally short dialysis schedules. None of the five patients in Group I developed neuropathy during 1.2-4.1 years of reduced dialysis. However, all four patients belonging to Group II developed significant (p less than .01) slowing of MNCV when their GFR declined below 0.5 ml/min. Neuropathy in this group was arrested or reversed by increasing DI(MM). It is, therefore, proposed that residual renal function is a major determinant of dialysis requirements.
Harnessing the Redundant Results of Translation Spotting

Translation spotting consists in automatically identifying the translations of a user query inside a bitext. This task, when it relies solely on statistical word alignment algorithms, fails to achieve excellent results. In this paper, we show that identifying the translations of a query during a ﬁrst translation spotting stage provides relevant information that can be used in a second stage to improve the precision of the results. This method is similar to the relevance feedback used in the information retrieval domain to enhance retrieval.
Picture Confrontation Oral Naming: Performance Differences between Aphasics and Normals

Oral confrontation naming was compared in 108 normal subjects controlled for education, age, and gender and in 18 aphasic patients for the same set of 115 pictures. Demographic variables influenced both normals' and aphasics' performance. However, the nature of aphasics' misnamings on the one hand and the differential effects of characteristics of pictures and words on normals' and aphasics' responses on the other indicated specific deficits in patients. The classical hypothesis that aphasics' misnamings and the production of word associations by normals should rely on similar mechanisms (Rinnert & Whitaker, 1973) is questioned. Nondominant responses observed in normals accounted for a larger proportion of verbal errors than associates to target words.
COMPASS, a Histone H3 (Lysine 4) Methyltransferase Required for Telomeric Silencing of Gene Expression*

The trithorax (Trx) family of proteins is required for maintaining a specific pattern of gene expression in some organisms. Recently we reported the isolation and characterization of COMPASS, a multiprotein complex that includes the Trx-related protein Set1 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we report that COMPASS catalyzes methylation of the fourth lysine of histone H3in vitro. Set1 and several other components of COMPASS are also required for histone H3 methylation in vivo and for transcriptional silencing of a gene located near a chromosome telomere.
Substantial compositional turnover of fungal communities in an alpine ridge‐to‐snowbed gradient

The main gradient in vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen species composition in alpine areas, structured by the topographic gradient from wind‐exposed ridges to snowbeds, has been extensively studied. Tolerance to environmental stress, resulting from wind abrasion and desiccation towards windswept ridges or reduced growing season due to prolonged snow cover towards snowbeds, is an important ecological mechanism in this gradient. The extent to which belowground fungal communities are structured by the same topographic gradient and the eventual mechanisms involved are less well known. In this study, we analysed variation in fungal diversity and community composition associated with roots of the ectomycorrhizal plant Bistorta vivipara along the ridge‐to‐snowbed gradient. We collected root samples from fifty B. vivipara plants in ten plots in an alpine area in central Norway. The fungal communities were analysed using 454 pyrosequencing analyses of tag‐encoded ITS1 amplicons. A distinct gradient in the fungal community composition was found that coincided with variation from ridge to snowbeds. This gradient was paralleled by change in soil content of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. A large proportion (66%) of the detected 801 nonsingleton operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were ascomycetes, while basidiomycetes dominated quantitatively (i.e. with respect to number of reads). Numerous fungal OTUs, many with taxonomic affinity to Sebacinales, Cortinarius and Meliniomyces, showed distinct affinities either to ridge or to snowbed plots, indicating habitat specialization. The compositional turnover of fungal communities along the gradient was not paralleled by a gradient in species richness.
Control of mutation frequency by bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. II. Accuracy of nucleotide selection by the L88 mutator, CB120 antimutator, and wild type phage T4 DNA polymerases.

The accuracy of nucleotide selection by wild type, L88 mutator, and CB120 antimutator T4 DNA polymerases has been compared by measuring both stable incorporation of complementary and noncomplementary nucleotides into polymer and the DNA-dependent conversion of deoxynucleoside triphosphate to monophosphate. The increased accuracy of the CB120 antimutator enzyme is shown by a ratio of utilization of incorrect to correct nucleotides with poly(dA)-poly(dT) as template which is only 10 to 30% of that of the wild type enzyme. In contrast, the ratio of incorrect to correct nucleotide utilized by the L88 mutator enzyme with this template was higher than that of the wild type enzyme, in agreement with the report of Hershfield (Hershfield, M.S. (1973) J. Biol, Chem. 248, 1417-1423). The antimutator, mutator, and wild type enzymes each have a much higher apparent Km for the noncomplementary nucleotides than for complementary nucleotides with this template. The L88 mutator polymerase has a higher "Km" for poly(dA)-poly(dT) than the wild type enzyme in reactions with both complementary and noncomplementary nucleotides. The antimutator polymerase has an elevated "Km" for polymer only for reactions with noncomplementary nucleotides. The wild type and L88 mutator enzymes also utilized both noncomplementary nucleotides much more frequently than the CB120 antimutator enzymes with poly [d(A-T)] as the template-primer. The T4 gene 32DNA unwinding protein appears to facilitate the correct reading of this template since it decreases the ratio of incorrect nucleotides utilized by both the wild type and L88 mutator polymerases.
Identification of p40x-responsive regulatory sequences within the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat

Distinct transcriptional regulatory sequences located within the upstream sequences required for p40x trans-activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) were chemically synthesized and cloned upstream of the basal HTLV-I LTR promoter. Plasmids containing a single 21-base-pair (bp) repeat were weakly inducible by p40x. The level of trans-activation by p40x was increased when two (30-fold) or three (40-fold) 21-bp repeats were present in the upstream control region. In the mutant containing two 21-bp repeats, the upstream 21-bp repeat could be positioned in either the sense (30-fold) or the antisense (16-fold) orientation. Plasmids containing a 51-bp repeat element, which included a single 21-bp repeat, were induced to levels similar to that obtained with the 21-bp repeat sequence alone. Template DNAs containing a single copy of the HTLV-I sequences between -117 and -160 were stimulated approximately 10-fold by p40x when one copy of the 21-bp element was located downstream.
1-[(3RS,4RS)-1-Benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl]-1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine hemihydrate

The benzyl residue in the title compound, C21H23N5·0.5H2O, is oriented at a dihedral angle of 83.8 (3)° towards the 1,6-dihydroimidazo[4,5-d]pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine system. The piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation with the cis substituents displaying a torsion angle of −45.91 (16)°. In the crystal, molecules are accumulated as racemic dimers by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the pyrrolopyridine systems. Another hydrogen bond is formed between the imidazole ring and the cocrystallized water molecule, which is located on a twofold rotation axis.
Ultrathin 400V FS IGBT for HEV applications

400V IGBT and freewheeling diode as well based on 40μm thin wafer technology have been developed for electric and hybrid electric vehicles with a DC link voltage of 120V to 200V. First prototype ultrathin devices worldwide showed clearly reduced overall losses since both on state and switching losses are directly dependent on the chip thickness. The new 40μm chips also exhibited a very high dI/dt during switching resulting in high voltage overshoots exceeding the maximum allowed breakdown voltage of 400V. For this reason an overall stray inductance as small as possible is required to make use of the fast switching behavior of the new devices. Optimization of the switching behavior of both IGBT and Diode could be obtained by adapting dI/dt to an overall stray inductance of 33nH but still with reduced losses at the same time. On state voltage of both IGBT and Diode could be decreased by about 200mV. Turn off energy loss could be decreased by 10%, total losses of IGBT and Diode during turn on could be reduced by about 10% in comparison to standard 650V devices