Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of graded hypo‐ and hypercapnia on fMRI contrast in visual cortex: Quantification of T  *2 changes by multiecho EPI

The sensitivity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in visual cortex to graded hypo‐ and hypercapnia was quantified in 10 normal subjects using single‐shot multiecho echo‐planar imaging (Turbo‐PEPSI) with eight equidistant echo times (TEs) between 12 and 140 ms. Visual stimulation was combined with controlled hyperventilation and carbon dioxide inhalation to perform fMRI at six levels of end‐expiratory pCO2 (PETCO2) between 20 and 70 mm Hg. T *2 in visual cortex during baseline conditions (light off) increased nonlinearly from 20 to 70 mm Hg, from 61.1 ± 4.2 ms to 72.0 ± 4.6 ms. Changes in T *2 due to visual stimulation increased 2.1‐fold, from 1.2 ± 0.6 ms at 20 mm Hg to 2.5 ± 0.7 ms at 50 mm Hg. An almost complete loss of functional contrast was measured at 70 mm Hg. The model of MR signal dephasing by Yablonskiy and Haacke (Mag Reson Med 1994;32:749–763) was used to predict changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), which were found to be consistent with results from previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies. This study further emphasizes that global CBF changes (due to PETCO2 changes even in the physiological range) strongly influence fMRI contrast and need to be controlled for. Magn Reson Med 46:264–271, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Disclosure Overload? An Empirical Analysis of International Financial Reporting Standards Disclosure Requirements

Despite the positive effects of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) noted in the literature, standard setters have issued reports suggesting that the required disclosures in IFRS have become too burdensome and should be reduced. We examine this disclosure overload problem by testing whether the disclosure reduction recommendations of the Excess Baggage Report issued by professional accounting bodies from Scotland and New Zealand in 2011 are associated with companies’ disclosure incentives and are value relevant for a sample of 196 Australian listed companies. The Excess Baggage Report classifies current IFRS disclosure requirement items into three categories: Retain; Delete; and Disclose if Material. We find that Retain items are disclosed the most, followed by those classified as Disclose if Material, and then by Delete items. Only Retain items are significantly associated with companies’ disclosure incentives. We also find that these disclosure categories are value relevant, especially for below‐median profitability firms. Our findings may provide input to the IASB’s ongoing Disclosure Initiatives project.
An evidence‐based resource for the management of comorbidities associated with childhood overweight and obesity

PURPOSE Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is often accompanied by obesity-related comorbidities. An integrative review of the literature was performed to create a comprehensive algorithm to help primary care providers manage the common comorbidities associated with childhood overweight and obesity. DATA SOURCES The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Source, and PubMed databases were searched. Evidence from 2002 to present was reviewed. Guidelines and algorithms from the American Academy of Pediatrics, National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners, American Heart Association, American Diabetes Association, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Agency for Healthcare and Research Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the International Diabetes Federation were also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS Key information was extracted and data sources ranked according to the Polit and Beck evidence hierarchy. Highest level evidence guided the selection and development of recommendations to formulate a comprehensive resource for the recognition and management of pediatric hypertension, sleep apnea, vitamin D deficiency, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and polycystic ovarian syndrome. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The Childhood Overweight and Obesity Comorbidities Resource provides a consistent, convenient point-of-care reference to help primary care providers improve pediatric health outcomes.
Is There an Association between Accounting Firm Ranks and Audit Quality? An Examination of the Top 100 Accounting Firms in China

Using 15,354 firm&#8208;year observations from Chinese listed companies from 2003 to 2013, we examine the association between accounting firm ranks, disclosed by the Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants (CICPA), and audit quality. The results show that clients audited by higher ranked accounting firms report lower discretionary accruals and are more likely to receive modified audit opinions. Additionally, accounting firm ranks are found to better capture audit quality after recent modifications by the CICPA to include nonrevenue metrics. Finally, we find that clients are more likely to replace downgraded accounting firms and pay higher audit fees when switching to a higher ranked firm. Our results suggest that accounting firm ranks capture audit quality, have economic implications, and would serve as an audit quality indicator. This study should be useful to global accounting regulators, practitioners, and academics concerned with auditor quality in China and who seek to develop audit quality indicators.
A unificationist defence of revealed preferences

Abstract Revealed preference approaches to modelling agents’ choices face two seemingly devastating explanatory objections. The no self-explanation objection imputes a problematic explanatory circularity to revealed preference approaches, while the causal explanation objection argues that, all things equal, a scientific theory should provide causal explanations, but revealed preference approaches decidedly do not. Both objections assume a view of explanation, the constraint-based view, that the revealed preference theorist ought to reject. Instead, the revealed preference theorist should adopt a unificationist account of explanation, allowing her to escape the two explanatory problems discussed in this paper.
An Intelligent Nutritional Assessment System

Higher life expectancies lead to an increased prevalenceof dementia in older adults, which is projected torise dramatically in the future. The link between malnutritionand dementia highlights the need to closelymonitor nutrition as early as possible. However, currentself-report assessment methods are labor-intensive,time-consuming and inaccurate. Technology has the potentialof assisting in nutritional analysis by alleviatingthe cognitive load of recording food intake and lesseningthe burden of care for the elderly. Therefore, we proposean intelligent nutritional assessment system thatwill monitor the dietary patterns of older adults with dementiaat their homes. Our computer vision-based systemconsists of food recognition and portion estimationalgorithms that, together, provide nutritional analysisof an image of a meal. We create a novel food imagedataset on which we achieve an 87.2% recognition accuracy.We apply several well-known segmentation andrecognition algorithms and analyze their suitability tothe food recognition problem.
Ongoing somatic mutations and clonal expansions after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE Although most patients with primary gastric low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma experience complete endoscopic and histologic remission after the cure of Helicobacter pylori infection, in many patients, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) still detects monoclonal B cells in the gastric mucosa. The present study asked whether the lymphoma immunoglobulin VH (IgVH) sequences remained stable in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma after H pylori eradication. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eight patients with stage EI disease treated with H pylori eradication were analyzed before and at different time points after the cure of the infection. After the amplification of IgVH genes from DNA extracted from gastric biopsy specimens, monoclonal PCR products were cloned and multiple clones (43 to 105) were sequenced per patient. RESULTS Mutations were detected in all lymphoma VH sequences, which suggested germinal center or postgerminal center origin of the lymphoma B cells. In five of the eight patients, clonal heterogeneity was observed at diagnosis or during follow-up. Genealogical analysis of shared and unshared mutations showed that the process of somatic mutations was ongoing after H pylori eradication in four of the five patients who showed clonal instability. Ongoing mutations were observed in three of the four patients who completely responded to H pylori eradication, but in only one of the four patients who did not respond or who partially responded. CONCLUSION In low-grade gastric MALT lymphomas, an ongoing process of somatic hypermutation and antigen selection can be detected after the therapeutic removal of the underlying stimulus H pylori. These data point to the relevance of yet unknown antigens that drive this disease. In addition, they challenge the view that these lymphomas may be cured solely by the eradication of H pylori.
Does Foreign Direct Investment Really Support Private Investment in an Emerging Economy? An Empirical Evidence in Vietnam

Vietnam is an emerging economy which also is one of the most successful countries in attracting foreign direct investment over decades. Some studies have shown that foreign direct investment playing an important role in supporting economic growth in Vietnam. However, there have not got clear evidence about the effect of the foreign direct investment on private investment in this economy. Our paper tries to investigate the impact of foreign direct investment on private investment in Vietnam by the Error correction model. The quarterly dataset is collected in the period of 2003-2017. The estimated results show that foreign direct investment, as well as the GDP per capita, have positive impacts on private investment in both the short and long run. So the crowds-in hypothesis is confirmed in the case of the Vietnamese economy. On the other hand, we see that inflation can harm private investment and its impact level in long run is smaller than the short run. Finally, the export balance has a negative effect on private investment, however, the coefficients are not enough statistical significance implying that international trade maybe did not help to support the private investment because of the trade deficit prolong during the period.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Distributed MIMO Networks

In this paper, we investigate the linear transceiver optimization for multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) interference networks, where multiple pairs of multi-antenna source and destination nodes communicate simultaneously. Different from most of existing works, we jointly consider three critical issues of the linear transceiver optimization for MIMO interference networks based on multi-objective optimization theory, i.e., signal transmission, energy and security. Specifically, using the modified weighted Tchebycheff method, we investigate three kinds of multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs): 1) sum mean square error minimization and harvested energy maximization; 2) transmit power minimization and energy harvesting efficiency maximization; 3) transmit power minimization, energy harvesting efficiency maximization, and physical layer security. Based on the Charnes–Cooper transformation and penalty function method, the formulated MOOPs are transformed into convex optimization problems and thus can be effectively solved. The resulting Pareto optimal solutions set reveals the complicated but important relationships among these involved single objective optimization problems, which are usually individually investigated in the literature. Finally, numerical simulation results demonstrate the performance advantages of the proposed algorithm and corroborate the theoretical analysis.
Not faster nor slower tasks, but less energy hungry and parallel: Simulation results

Before the current computational era, when the most common processors had a single processing core, the speed of computation was mainly defined by the speed of that core. Faster cores usually reflected in faster algorithms and applications. In the current era, the speed of computation is no longer primarily boosted by faster cores. Due to the thermal effect known as the power wall, the increment in speed that can be reached from one processor generation to another is very limited. The power wall is not the only limiting factor though. The degree of instruction level parallelism has also reached far in the law of diminishing returns. Today's era is governed by multi-core processors. The power wall was circumvented with task level parallelism. The downside is that many applications may not effortlessly become faster with new generations of processors. In the multi-core era, faster algorithms are obtained with a combination of more processing cores and a good exploration of task level parallelism, meaning that algorithm designers have now an active roll in sustaining the performance of their application through generations of processors.
Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Cibotium barometz root

Abstract Green synthesis of gold (CB-AuNps) and silver (CB-AgNps) nanoparticles using Cibotium barometz root extract was highlighted. CB-AuNps were synthesized almost instantly and CB-AgNps were formed after 25 min in a heated aqueous extract. The formation of CB-AuNps and CB-AgNps was detected at 548 and 412 nm; they were spherical with crystallite sizes of 6 nm and 23 nm, respectively. CB-AgNps were further investigated for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrzyl (DPPH) free radicals was demonstrated. Lastly, the cytotoxic properties of CB-AuNps and CB-AgNps were explored in murine macrophages (RAW264.7) cells and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. This study demonstrated the prospective biomedical applications of CB-AuNps and CB-AgNps as antioxidant, antimicrobial agents, and drug-delivery agents.
The Evolution of Family Entrepreneurship in Poland: Main Findings Based on Surveys and Interviews from 2009-2018

Objective: The article deals with the issue of family entrepreneurship, which plays an increasingly important role in the Polish economy. The aim of the article is to discuss the phenomenon of family entrepreneurship in Poland in market economy and to explore the evolution of family businesses. Research Design & Methods: The article is based on the review of the literature on the subject, its critical analysis and the results of empirical research conducted in this field by the authors in the years 2009-2018. Findings: In their development, family businesses need to take into account coping with the principles and practices of market economy and internationalisation processes, as well as problems related to family and business relationships that are specific only to them and multi-generational perspective of functioning. Being successful requires a development strategy thanks to which the businesses build their own brand, improve management processes, introduce innovations and adapt their market behaviour. Implications & Recommendations: Understanding the specificity of family entrepreneurship requires learning their essence and criteria for distinguishing these entities from other enterprises. The key factor is the duality of relations between the family and the business it runs. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in cross-years comparisons of empirical research conducted by the same researches in the field of family entrepreneurship. Article type: research article
Misaligned Expectations and Non-Cooperative Behavior in Indian Microfinance: Evidence from a Survey

Abstract: This study examined the causalities of non-performance of self-help groups (SHGs) in the context of polarised institutional expectations in the microfinance ecosystem in India. Institutional approach and stakeholder approach were followed for the investigation. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews (SIs) were conducted to collect data from various institutional stakeholders. It was found that the institutional expectations of each institution from other institutions in the microfinance ecosystem were polarized, misaligned and were antagonistic in nature. Institutional behaviours were governed by their expectations from the microfinance ecosystem. Therefore, the polarized and antagonistic expectations created non-cooperative behaviours and attitudes in the key institutions, which further created a weak performance of the microfinance programs.
The perspective detection of the X-ray digital radiography for the electrical equipment

The manufacture and installation factor is quite large occupied in the induced factor of electrical equipment insulation defects. However, the nowadays technology methods of the power system, such as ultrasonic, partial discharge, which the abnormities can be found, but the detection data are not visual, uncertainty is existed in the results decision and blindness has in the maintenance strategy. Aiming at the above shortcoming, in this paper, it is proposed the utilization X-ray digital radiography (DR) technology to detect the power facilities. In order to know the influence of electrical facilities insulation medium, the research is done by the highest energy of the X-ray, and is determined the application range of X-ray DR system. Determining the X-ray DR system application scope in the power equipment, the GIS typical defects are simulated and visualized detection. After the X-ray DR system is utilized to detect the facilities in the power production field. The experimental results demonstrate that the X-ray DR detecting system does not any influence for the solid and SF6 gas of the insulation medium, and the insulation oil has influence by the X-ray long time irradiation. The power equipment is visual detected by the X-ray digital radiography system without power cut and disintegration. Thus, the X-ray digital radiography system is used to detect the power facilities, which is feasible, safe and effect.
Structural and Kinetic Analyses of Arginine Residues in the Active Site of the Acetate Kinase from Methanosarcina thermophila*

Acetate kinase catalyzes transfer of the γ-phosphate of ATP to acetate. The only crystal structure reported for acetate kinase is the homodimeric enzyme from Methanosarcina thermophila containing ADP and sulfate in the active site (Buss, K. A., Cooper, D. C., Ingram-Smith, C., Ferry, J. G., Sanders, D. A., and Hasson, M. S. (2001) J. Bacteriol. 193, 680–686). Here we report two new crystal structure of the M. thermophila enzyme in the presence of substrate and transition state analogs. The enzyme co-crystallized with the ATP analog adenosine 5′-[γ-thio]triphosphate contained AMP adjacent to thiopyrophosphate in the active site cleft of monomer B. The enzyme co-crystallized with ADP, acetate, Al3+, and F- contained a linear array of ADP-AlF3-acetate in the active site cleft of monomer B. Together, the structures clarify the substrate binding sites and support a direct in-line transfer mechanism in which AlF3 mimics the meta-phosphate transition state. Monomers A of both structures contained ADP and sulfate, and the active site clefts were closed less than in monomers B, suggesting that domain movement contributes to catalysis. The finding that His180 was in close proximity to AlF3 is consistent with a role for stabilization of the meta-phosphate that is in agreement with a previous report indicating that this residue is essential for catalysis. Residue Arg241 was also found adjacent to AlF3, consistent with a role for stabilization of the transition state. Kinetic analyses of Arg241 and Arg91 replacement variants indicated that these residues are essential for catalysis and also indicated a role in binding acetate.
From Formal Specification in Event-B to Probabilistic Reliability Assessment

Formal methods, in particular the B Method and its extension Event-B, have proven their worth in the development of many complex software-intensive systems. However, while providing us with a powerful development platform, these frameworks poorly support quantitative assessment of dependability attributes. Yet, such an assessment would facilitate not only system certification but also system development by guiding it towards the design optimal from the dependability point of view. In this paper we demonstrate how to integrate reliability assessment performed by model checking into refinement process in Event-B. Such an integration allows us to combine logical reasoning about functional correctness with probabilistic reasoning about reliability. Hence we obtain a method that enables building the systems that are not only correct-by-construction but also have a predicted level of reliability.
Balancing control, usability and visibility of linked open government data to create public value

Purpose Linked data is a technical standard to structure complex information and relate independent sets of data. Recently, governments have started to use this technology for bridging separated data “(silos)” by launching linked open government data (LOGD) portals. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of LOGD as a smart technology and strategy to create public value. This is achieved by enhancing the usability and visibility of open data provided by public organizations. Design/methodology/approach In this study, three different LOGD governance modes are deduced: public agencies could release linked data via a dedicated triple store, via a shared triple store or via an open knowledge base. Each of these modes has different effects on usability and visibility of open data. Selected case studies illustrate the actual use of these three governance modes. Findings According to this study, LOGD governance modes present a trade-off between retaining control over governmental data and potentially gaining public value by the increased use of open data by citizens. Originality/value This study provides recommendations for public sector organizations for the development of their data publishing strategy to balance control, usability and visibility considering also the growing popularity of open knowledge bases such as Wikidata.
A SOA for ubiquitous communication management

This paper presents an application framework for ubiquitous communication management. The framework -- called HERMES after the messenger of gods in Greek mythology -- is to provide a solid foundation for applications that are aware of users' communication needs and present appropriate tool support. In this paper, ubiquitous communication management, the framework itself, its approach to web-based data replication and the framework's communication-related utilization of web services will be discussed.