Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhanced physiology for submaximal exercise in children after the fontan procedure.

PURPOSE After the Fontan procedure, children exhibit reduced peak exercise capacity, yet their submaximal exercise response remains unclear. This study sought to determine the relationship between submaximal and peak exercise capacity and physical activity in Fontan patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 50 Fontan patients (59% males) with a median age of 9 yr (range = 6-12 yr). The median age at Fontan procedure was 2.9 yr (range = 1.6-9.1 yr). Study assessments included medical history, exercise testing, and accelerometry. RESULTS Significantly lower submaximal oxygen consumption (V˙O2) and HR in response to a standardized workload than published values for healthy children (mean ± SD) of -1.72 ± 5.24 (P < 0.001) and -1.45 ± 1.98 (P < 0.001), respectively, suggest enhanced submaximal work efficiency in this group of patients after Fontan. Higher submaximal V˙O2 z-score was associated with higher submaximal HR z-score (P = 0.02) and lower body mass index z-score (P = 0.01). Higher V˙O2peak was associated with higher submaximal V˙O2 z-score (P < 0.01), male sex (P = 0.03), higher RER (P = 0.02), lower submaximal HR z-score (P < 0.01), and higher chronotropic responsiveness (P < 0.0001). Exercise test duration z-score was associated with lower submaximal HR z-score (P = 0.02) and higher chronotropic responsiveness (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Fontan patients exhibited a lower submaximal V˙O2 and HR responsiveness at a given workload than healthy controls did during standardized exercise testing. Thus, they may be better adapted to perform submaximal exercise. Although peak exercise capacity is limited, Fontan patients are able to perform submaximal physical activities at the same level as their healthy peers.
Modulation of Neuronal Survival Factor MEF2 by Kinases in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder due to selective death of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cause of cell death remains largely unknown. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is a group of transcriptional factors required to regulate neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, as well as survival. Recent studies show that MEF2 functions are regulated in multiple subcellular organelles and suggest that dysregulation of MEF2 plays essential roles in the pathogenesis of PD. Many kinases associated with transcription, translation, protein misfolding, autophagy, and cellular energy homeostasis are involved in the neurodegenerative process. Following the first demonstration that mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38 MAPK) directly phosphorylates and activates MEF2 to promote neuronal survival, several other kinase regulators of MEF2s have been identified. These include protein kinase A and extracellular signal regulated kinase 5 as positive MEF2 regulators, and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β as negative regulators in response to diverse toxic signals relevant to PD. It is clear that MEF2 has emerged as a key point where survival and death signals converge to exert their regulatory effects, and dysregulation of MEF2 function in multiple subcellular organelles may underlie PD pathogenesis. Moreover, several other kinases such as leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) are of particular interest due to their potential interaction with MEF2.
Magnetic resonance imaging of infarct-induced canonical wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin/T-cell factor pathway activation, in vivo.

AIMS Combined magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of molecular and morpho-functional changes might prove highly valuable for the elucidation of pathological processes involved in the development of cardiac diseases. Our aim was to test a novel MRI reporter gene for in vivo assessment of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin/TCF pathway activation, an important regulator of post-ischaemic cardiac remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We designed and developed a chimeric construct encoding for both of iron-binding human ferritin heavy chain (hFTH) controlled by the β-catenin-responsive TCF/lymphoid-enhancer binding factor (Lef) promoter and constitutively expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP). It was carried by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vectors and delivered to the peri-infarct myocardium of rats subjected to coronary ligation (n = 11). By 1.5 T MRI and a multiecho T2* gradient echo sequence, we detected iron accumulation only in the border zone of the transduced infarcted hearts. In the same cardiac area, post-mortem histological analysis confirmed the co-existence of iron accumulation and GFP. The iron signal was absent when rats (n = 6) were chronically treated with SEN195 (10 mg/kg/day), a small-molecular inhibitor of β-catenin/TCF-dependent gene transcription. Canonical Wnt pathway inhibition attenuated the post-ischaemic remodelling process, as demonstrated by the significant preservation of cardiac function, the 42 ± 1% increase of peri-infarct arteriolar density and 43 ± 3% reduction in infarct scar size compared with untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS The TCF/Lef promoter-hFTH construct is a novel and reliable MRI reporter gene for in vivo detection of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin/TCF activation state in response to cardiac injury and therapeutic interventions.
Aldolase exists in both the fluid and solid phases of cytoplasm [published erratum appears in J Cell Biol 1988 Dec;107(6 Pt 1):following 2463]

We have prepared a functional fluorescent analogue of the glycolytic enzyme aldolase (rhodamine [Rh]-aldolase), using the succinimidyl ester of carboxytetramethyl-rhodamine. Fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching measurements of the diffusion coefficient of Rh-aldolase in aqueous solutions gave a value of 4.7 x 10(-7) cm2/S, and no immobile fraction. In the presence of filamentous actin, there was a 4.5-fold reduction in diffusion coefficient, as well as a 36% immobile fraction, demonstrating binding of Rh-aldolase to actin. However, in the presence of a 100-fold molar excess of its substrate, fructose 1,6- diphosphate, both the mobile fraction and diffusion coefficient of Rh- aldolase returned to control levels, indicating competition between substrate binding and actin cross-linking. When Rh-aldolase was microinjected into Swiss 3T3 cells, a relatively uniform intracellular distribution of fluorescence was observed. However, there were significant spatial differences in the in vivo diffusion coefficient and mobile fraction of Rh-aldolase measured with fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching. In the perinuclear region, we measured an apparent cytoplasmic diffusion coefficient of 1.1 x 10(-7) cm2/s with a 23% immobile fraction; while measurements in the cell periphery gave a value of 5.7 x 10(-8) cm2/s, with no immobile fraction. Ratio imaging of Rh-aldolase and FITC-dextran indicated that FITC-dextran was relatively excluded excluded from stress fiber domains. We interpret these data as evidence for the partitioning of aldolase between a soluble fraction in the fluid phase and a fraction associated with the solid phase of cytoplasm. The partitioning of aldolase and other glycolytic enzymes between the fluid and solid phases of cytoplasm could play a fundamental role in the control of glycolysis, the organization of cytoplasm, and cell motility. The concepts and experimental approaches described in this study can be applied to other cellular biochemical processes.
Sideband cooling and coherent dynamics in a microchip multi-segmented ion trap

Miniaturized ion trap arrays with many trap segments present a promising architecture for scalable quantum information processing. The miniaturization of segmented linear Paul traps allows partitioning the microtrap into different storage and processing zones. The individual position control of many ions—each of them carrying qubit information in its long-lived electronic levels—by the external trap control voltages is important for the implementation of next generation large-scale quantum algorithms. We present a novel scalable microchip multi-segmented ion trap with two different adjacent zones, one for the storage and another dedicated to the processing of quantum information using single ions and linear ion crystals. A pair of radio-frequency-driven electrodes and 62 independently controlled dc electrodes allows shuttling of single ions or linear ion crystals with numerically designed axial potentials at axial and radial trap frequencies of a few megahertz. We characterize and optimize the microtrap using sideband spectroscopy on the narrow S1/2↔D5/2 qubit transition of the 40Ca+ ion, and demonstrate coherent single-qubit Rabi rotations and optical cooling methods. We determine the heating rate using sideband cooling measurements to the vibrational ground state, which is necessary for subsequent two-qubit quantum logic operations. The applicability for scalable quantum information processing is proved.
Bayesian Poisson Regression using the GibbsSampler : Sensitivity Analysis through

In a Bayesian analysis one xes a prior on the unknown parameter, observes the data, and obtains the posterior distribution of the parameter given the data. For a number of problems the posterior cannot be obtained in closed form and one uses instead the Markov chain simulation method, which in eeect produces a sequence of random variables distributed approximately from the posterior distribution. These random variables can be used to estimate the posterior or features of it like the posterior expectation and variance. Unfortunately, the Markov chain simulation method requires non-negligible computer time and this precludes consideration of a large number of priors and an interactive analysis. We present a computing environment within which one can interactively change the prior and immediately see the corresponding changes in the posterior. The environment is based on the object-oriented programming language LISP-STAT and an importance sampling procedure which enables one to use the output of one or a small number of Markov chains to obtain estimates of the posterior for a large class of priors. The environment is developed for the particular case of Bayesian Poisson regression but the programs have been deliberately structured in such a way that the environment can be easily modiied to handle a wide range of Bayesian problems requiring use of Markov chain simulation.
Mechanical properties of thin and thick coatings applied to various substrates. Part I. An elastic analysis of residual stresses within coating materials

Internal residual stresses significantly influence the overall mechanical properties of multi-layer systems and consequently affect the coated material's performance. The determination of residual stresses within coatings has been extensively carried out for thin (the coating thickness being less than the substrate thickness) films (Stoney, Roll, etc.) and for thick (the coating thickness being approximately equal to the substrate thickness) films (Timoshenko, Inoue, etc.). This work extends currently existing models to cover cases where the coating thickness approaches that of the sheet substrate. We developed relationships for the determination of the first-order residual stress. The construction of these models was carried out using a one-dimensional analysis based on beam theory (the width-to-thickness ratio of the system being less than 5). As suggested by Timoshenko and later on by Hoffman, we also introduced the bi-axial modulus for isotropic stresses when the thin plate theory (the width-to-thickn.
Forensic Chemistry and Scientific Criminal Investigation

THE second edition of this excellent textbook appears at a time when a reminder of the immense services which the man of science can render in the prevention and detection of crime is more than opportune. Recent discussions on the increase of crime in Great Britain during the last two or three decades have suggested doubts as to whether the authorities are making sufficiently full use of the resources of science in protecting society against those who are prepared to prostitute the discoveries of science for criminal purposes. The new and enlarged edition of this book includes references to many of the important advances which have been made during the ten years since the first edition was published, in the use of scientific methods for the detection of the criminal, notably the use of ultra-violet light.Forensic Chemistry and Scientific Criminal Investigation.By A. Lucas. Second edition. Pp. 324. (London: Edward Arnold and Co., 1931.) 18s. net.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Diversity at Time of Infection Is Not Restricted to Certain Risk Groups or Specific HIV-1 Subtypes

ABSTRACT African women frequently acquire several genetically distinct human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants from a heterosexual partner, whereas the acquisition of multiple variants appears to be rare in men. To determine whether newly infected individuals in other risk groups acquire genetically diverse viruses, we examined the viral envelope sequences in plasma samples from 13 women and 4 men from the United States infected with subtype B viruses and 10 men from Kenya infected with non-subtype B viruses. HIV-1 envelope sequences differed by more than 2% in three U.S. women, one U.S. man, and one Kenyan man near the time of seroconversion. These findings suggest that early HIV-1 genetic diversity is not exclusive to women from Africa or to infection with any particular HIV-1 subtype.
A user interface using fingerprint recognition: holding commands and data objects on fingers

This paper describes a new user interface, called a fingerprint user interface (FUI), which employs fingerprint recognition. While the unique feature patterns of fingerprints have mainly been used for personal identification, the FUI is unique in that it uses not only the differences among fingerprint patterns of different persons, but also the differences among the ten fingers of a single person. In the FUI, the system identifies the finger that has operated (touched) an input device through pattern matching of fingerprints and it performs the task assigned to the identified finger. Since users are able to specify different tasks by using different fingers, they feel as if commands and data objects were actually held on their fingers.
Acetylcholine receptor clustering is triggered by a change in the density of a nonreceptor molecule

Acetylcholine receptors become clustered at the neuromuscular junction during synaptogenesis, at least in part via lateral migration of diffusely expressed receptors. We have shown previously that electric fields initiate a specific receptor clustering event which is dependent on lateral migration in aneural muscle cell cultures (Stollberg, J., and S. E. Fraser. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:1397-1408). Subsequent work with this model system ruled out the possibility that the clustering event was triggered by increasing the receptor density beyond a critical threshold (Stollberg, J., and S. E. Fraser. 1990. J. Neurosci. 10:247-255). This leaves two possibilities: the clustering event could be triggered by the field-induced change in the density of some other molecule, or by a membrane voltage-sensitive mechanism (e.g., a voltage- gated calcium signal). Electromigration is a slow, linear process, while voltage-sensitive mechanisms respond in a rapid, nonlinear fashion. Because of this the two possibilities make different predictions about receptor clustering behavior in response to pulsed or alternating electric fields. In the present work we have studied subcellular calcium distributions, as well as receptor clustering, in response to such fields. Subcellular calcium distributions were quantified and found to be consistent with the predicted nonlinear response. Receptor clustering, however, behaves in accordance with the predictions of a linear response, consistent with the electromigration hypothesis. The experiments demonstrate that a local increase in calcium, or, more generally, a voltage-sensitive mechanism, is not sufficient and probably not necessary to trigger receptor clustering. Experiments with slowly alternating electric fields confirm the view that the clustering of acetylcholine receptors is initiated by a local change in the density of some non-receptor molecule.
Design of Cruciform Directional Couplers in E-Plane Rectangular Waveguide

This paper proposes a new type of compact waveguide directional coupler, which is constructed from two crossed e-plane rectangular waveguide with two metallic posts in the square junction and one metallic post at each port. The metallic posts in the square junction are set symmetrically along a diagonal line to obtain the directivity properties. The metallic post inserted at each input/output waveguide port can realize a matched state. Tight-coupling properties 0.79-6dB is realized by optimizing the dimension of the junction and the positions/radii of the posts. The design results are verified by em-simulator (Ansoft HFSS)
The universal virus database ICTVdB

Recent events have catapulted biological weapons to the forefront of public attention. Although government and other agencies responded rapidly to many aspects of the threat, people were dismayed to discover the uncertainties involved in identifying different strains of pathogens. Clearly, much diverse information, ranging from soil microbiology to genetically engineered sequences in the genomes of pathogens, was necessary to precisely identify the strains of anthrax bacteria circulating in Fall 2001. For many microbiologists, this exercise in applying modern systematics under pressure justifies the philosophy adopted a decade ago by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Compared with professional groups dealing with more complex organisms, ICTV committed itself to developing a universal database in 1991—one of the earliest initiatives in electronic data management in systematics.1 One ICTV goal is to use the virus database ICTVdB to describe all viruses of animals (vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoa), plants (higher plants and algae), bacteria, fungi, and archaea at all taxonomic levels. This article describes the development and functions of ICTVdB, a database initially developed to facilitate the rapidly changing perception of what is important in characterizing a virus. Because ICTVdB offers precise virus identification and links an agreed taxonomy to sequence databases, it turns sequences into correctly identified viruses. Thus, it serves all areas of agriculture, human and veterinary medicine, and the pharmaceutical industry, and stays abreast of what characterizes a virus. The database uses the Delta system, the world standard for data exchange in taxonomy, which is designed to generate reports from the data matrix in hard copy and HTML format, produce interactive identification protocols online, and calculate distance matrices for cladistic and phylogenetic research to establish hypothetical relationships among organisms. I also describe a few of the data management issues resolved in ICTVdB, including how it is helping sequence databanks turn sequences submitted with incorrect taxonomies into identifiable viruses. ICTVdB has grown in concept and caTHE UNIVERSAL VIRUS DATABASE ICTVDB
What Can We Get From 1000 Tokens? A Case Study of Multilingual POS Tagging For Resource-Poor Languages

In this paper we address the problem of multilingual part-of-speech tagging for resource-poor languages. We use parallel data to transfer part-of-speech information from resource-rich to resourcepoor languages. Additionally, we use a small amount of annotated data to learn to “correct” errors from projected approach such as tagset mismatch between languages, achieving state-of-the-art performance (91.3%) across 8 languages. Our approach is based on modest data requirements, and uses minimum divergence classification. For situations where no universal tagset mapping is available, we propose an alternate method, resulting in state-of-the-art 85.6% accuracy on the resource-poor language Malagasy.
Developmental and Environmental Regulation of AaeIAP1 Transcript in Aedes aegypti

Abstract Apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a tightly regulated physiological process. The inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators for apoptosis. An inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene IAP1 was recently cloned from Aedes aegypti (L.) (AaeIAP1, GenBank accession no. DQ993355); however, it is not clear whether AaeIAP1 is developmentally and environmentally regulated. In this study, we applied quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the expression levels of the AaeIAP1 transcript in different developmental stages and under different environmental conditions. Our results revealed that the expression of the AaeIAP1 transcript was detectable in all life stages of Ae. aegypti, with significantly higher levels in pupal and adult stages than in larval stages. Furthermore, when Ae. aegypti was exposed to all stressful environmental conditions (e.g., low and high temperatures, UV radiation, acetone, and permethrin insecticide treatment), the expression level of AaeIAP1 transcript was increased significantly. Our results suggest that AaeIAP1 might play an important role in both the physiological development of Ae. aegypti and stress-induced apoptosis.
Regime Switching Models for Markets

Search for structure in the financial markets has recently become an active field of research by scientists from different areas of expertise. The Efficient-Market Hypothesis states that the markets reflect all publically available information within their price. This also means that no profit higher than the average market returns allow can be gained using only the price information. However, reasearch has shown that this is not the case. This thesis explores the methods of searching for structure using a single asset price information. The experiments are done with multiple profit data, generated by a basket of trading rules, selected by looking at the field of technical analysis. Methods of dimensionality reduction and market classification into regimes are used. Both linear (PCA) and non-linear (LTSA) dimensionality reduction is attempted. The results show structure within the low-dimensional representations of the highdimensional profit data and potential for risk analysis. The structure differets between real data and artificially generated data, showing importance of certain features of the real financial data. The market classification algorithm is shown to assign different regimes to visually different data, creating the potential for profitable exploitation.
Cognitive Time Variant Power Control in Slow Fading Mobile Channels

Increased spectrum efficiency has been demonstrated with the use of cognitive radios, however with increased likelihood of interference to the incumbents of spectrum. Several studies solved the interference problem from the transmitter power control perspective, so as to curtail excessive cognitive interference powers; however, neglecting the effect of secondary terminal mobility. We show by simulation that such assumption of terminal immobility in the power control algorithm would fail in time variant cases resulting in increased levels of interference to the Incumbents as well as serious degradation in QoS within the cognitive radio network. We model the link gain evolution process as a distance dependent shadow fading process and scale up the target signal to interference ratio to cope with time variability. This paper therefore, proposes a mobility driven power control algorithm for cognitive radios based on sensing information, which ensures that the interference limit at the Incumbents is unperturbed at all times while concurrently maintaining the QoS within the cognitive radio network.