Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How the IDA model supports the Crick and Koch Framework

Crick and Koch recently introduced a Framework for Consciousness intended as a means of facilitating the explanation of the neural correlates of consciousness. The IDA model of global workspace theory is both a conceptual and computational model of consciousness, and of much of cognition as well. Here we systematically compare the ten aspects of the Crick and Koch Framework with hypotheses derived from the IDA model. On the seven aspects to which the IDA model relates there's a surprising amount of agreement. In addition the IDA model serves to flesh out the Framework with detailed hypotheses about the functionality of each of the seven relevant aspects, and often of its structure as well. The agreement of the Framework and the IDA model would tend to lend support to each. The Framework Recently Crick and Koch offered a " Framework for Consciousness " that they believe " offers a coherent scheme for explaining the neural correlates of (visual) consciousness " (2003). They explain that a framework must not be confused with a set of hypotheses. Rather a framework for consciousness offers a point of view from which to address the problems of consciousness. It's intended to guide research. A good framework should fit within current scientific knowledge reasonably well and should be roughly correct. It needn't be correct in all its details, but rather should guide research to fill in and correct it details. Such frameworks have proved useful in Biology and Physics. This one can be expected to be useful in consciousness studies. It consists of ten " aspects " each of which will be considered individually below. Frameworks, by their very nature contain large gaps that can be filled with the results of later research. They can also be filled, temporarily, by hypotheses derived from cognitive models to give more specific guidance to research than does the framework by itself. In this case, hypotheses from the IDA model of consciousness and cognition can serve to clarify some aspects of this framework and to flesh out others. IDA is both a conceptual and a computational model of human cognition (Franklin 2000a, 2000c). The computational IDA is implemented as a software agent (Franklin & Graesser, A. C. 1997). This IDA " lives " on a computer system with connections to the Internet and various databases and does personnel work for the US Navy, performing all 1 An earlier, briefer version of …
Complex event recognition by latent temporal models of concepts

Complex event recognition is an expanding research area aiming to recognize entities of high-level semantics in videos. Typical approaches exploit the so-called “bags” of spatiotemporal features such as STIP, ISA and DTF-HOG; yet, more recently, the notion of concept has emerged as an alternative, intermediate representation with greater descriptive power, and “bags of concepts” have been used for recognition. In this paper we argue that concepts in an event tend to articulate over a discernible temporal structure and we exploit a temporal model using the scores of concept detectors as measurements. In addition, we propose several heuristics to improve the initialization of the model's latent states and take advantage of the time-sparsity of the concepts. Experimental results on videos from the challenging TRECVID MED 2012 dataset show that the proposed approach achieves an improvement in average precision of 8.92% over comparable bags of concepts, thus validating the use of temporal structure over concepts for complex event recognition.
Perception of Human Motion With Different Geometric Models

Human figures have been animated using a variety of geometric models, including stick figures, polygonal models and NURBS-based models with muscles, flexible skin or clothing. This paper reports on experimental results indicating that a viewer's perception of motion characteristics is affected by the geometric model used for rendering. Subjects were shown a series of paired motion sequences and asked if the two motions in each pair were the same or different. The motion sequences in each pair were rendered using the same geometric model. For the three types of motion variation tested, sensitivity scores indicate that subjects were better able to observe changes with the polygonal model than they were with the stick-figure model.
Encouraging Ethics in Organizations: A Review of Some Key Research Findings

Ethical and unethical workplace behaviors (and their relations, legal and illegal behavior) are complex phenomena, reflecting a mix of individual characteristics, contextual influences, and specific ethical questions or problems. Any effort to grasp and manage the influences on ethical behavior will thus need to recognize that a narrow focus on one or another particular initiative or situational influence might lead to ethical improvements that are marginal at best, or even sometimes, by themselves, counterproductive. For example, empirical research has been clear that, at least by itself, an organizational code of conduct has limited, if any, influence on ethical behavior. But in the context of an organization whose overall climate is highly ethical, something like a code (or other formal policy interventions) will be more likely to provide value and effectiveness. Legal policy toward organizational behavior seems, at a general level, to recognize this complexity. Thus, the Federal Sentencing Guidelines speak generally of promoting “an organizational culture that encourages ethical conduct and a commitment to compliance with the law. ” But in recommending specific practices, the Guidelines (similarly to the Department of Justice’s memorandum on prosecution of organizations, and to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation) focus heavily on “command-and-control” or “compliance” activities, emphasizing employee direction through formal policies and training, detection of wrongdoing through monitoring and reporting systems, and discipline and incentive policies to encourage proper behavior—what I will refer to broadly
Co-training applied in automatic term extraction : an experiment

This paper discusses the use of a setting similar to co-training in automatic terminology processing. Two aspects of terms (internal aspect, i.e linguistic, and statistical properties; and external aspect, i.e. contexts) will be used interchangeably in a bootstrapping manner, in order to extract more and more terms and context patterns. The results show that, using only a small set of seed terms, the method can extract terms, with higher success rates than those of other methods. Further more, this method can also discover interesting context patterns, which can be used in other terminology processing applications.
Negotiating Consent: Exploring Ethical Issues when Therapeutic Massage Bodywork Practitioners Are Trained in Multiple Therapies

Introduction Obtaining informed consent from competent patients is essential to the ethical delivery of health care, including therapeutic massage and bodywork (TMB). The informed consent process used by TMB practitioners has not been previously studied. Little information is available about the practice of informed consent in a treatment-focused environment that may involve multiple decision points, use of multiple TMB therapies, or both. Methods As part of a larger study on the process of providing TMB therapy, 19 practitioners were asked about obtaining informed consent during practice. Qualitative description was used to analyze discussions of the consent process generally, and about its application when practitioners use multiple TMB therapies. Results Two main consent approaches emerged, one based on a general consent early in the treatment process, and a second ongoing consent process undertaken throughout the course of treatment. Both processes are constrained by how engaged a patient wants to be, and the amount of information and time needed to develop a truly informed consent. Conclusions An understanding-based consent process that accommodates an acknowledged information differential between the patient and practitioner, and that is guided by clearly delineated goals within a trust-based relationship, may be the most effective consent process under the conditions of real practice conditions.
In Vitro Study of Genes and Molecular Pathways Differentially Regulated by Synchrotron Microbeam Radiotherapy

The aim of this study was to identify genes and molecular pathways differentially regulated by synchrotron-generated microbeam radiotherapy (MRT) versus conventional broadbeam radiotherapy (CRT) in vitro using cultured EMT6.5 cells. We hypothesized (based on previous findings) that gene expression and molecular pathway changes after MRT are different from those seen after CRT. We found that at 24 h postirradiation, MRT exerts a broader regulatory effect on multiple pathways than CRT. MRT regulated those pathways involved in gene transcription, translation initiation, macromolecule metabolism, oxidoreductase activity and signaling transduction in a different manner compared to CRT. We also found that MRT/CRT alone, or when combined with inflammatory factor lipopolysaccharide, upregulated expression of Ccl2, Ccl5 or Csf2, which are involved in host immune cell recruitment. Our findings demonstrated differences in the molecular pathway for MRT versus CRT in the cultured tumor cells, and were consistent with the idea that radiation plays a role in recruiting tumor-associated immune cells to the tumor. Our results also suggest that a combination of MRT/CRT with a treatment targeting CCL2 or CSF2 could repress the tumor-associated immune cell recruitment, delay tumor growth and/or metastasis and yield better tumor control than radiation alone.
Analysis of transient electromagnetic scattering from an overfilled cavity embedded in an impedance ground plane

Abstract : We consider the transient, or time-domain, scattering problem of a two-dimensional overfilled cavity embedded in an impedance ground plane. This problem is a significant advancement from previous work where more simplified boundary conditions were used, which can limit the number of applications. This research supports a wide range of military applications such as the study of cavity-like structures on aircraft and vehicles. More importantly, this research helps detect the biggest threat on today's battlefield: improvised explosive devices. An important step in solving the problem is introducing an artificial boundary condition on a semicircle enclosing the cavity; this couples the fields from the infinite exterior domain to those fields inside. The problem is first discretized in time using the Newmark scheme, and at each time step, we derive the variational formulation and establish well-posedness of the problem. This sets the foundation for the finite element method used in the numerical analysis. Using both a planar and overfilled cavity model, we provide numerical results through the depictions of the scattered electric field and radar cross section of the cavities.
Precision study of hyperfine structure in simple atoms

We consider the most accurate tests of bound state QED theory of the hyperfine splitting in two-body atoms related to the HFS interval of the 1s state in muonium and positronium and the 2s state in hydrogen, deuterium and the helium-3 ion. We summarize their QED theory and pay special attention to involved effects of strong interactions and to recent optical measurements of the 2s HFS interval in hydrogen and deuterium. We present results for specific ratios of the 1s-2s frequencies in hydrogen and deuterium which happen to be among the most accurately measured and calculated quantities.
The Effectiveness of Glyburide Compared to Insulin in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Background: Insulin therapy has been the mainstay in managing women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but some disadvantages of insulin have led to the use of glyburide, which is in- expensive in some countries, to manage GDM. However, there has been debate over its effective- ness, efficacy and safety when compared to insulin for maternal glycaemic control, and some ad- verse neonatal outcomes in GDM. Method: A systematic review of eight randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies was undertaken to compare glyburide and insulin. Studies involving 849 parti- cipants were included in the quantitative analysis. Results: There was no significant difference be- tween glyburide and insulin in maternal fasting (P = 0.09; SMD: 0.13; 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.28) and postprandial (P = 0.45; SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.19) glycaemic control and glycosylated hae- moglobin (P = 0.35; SMD: 0.08; 95% CI: −0.08 to 0.24). When compared with insulin, glyburide had an increase risk ratio (RR) for neonatal hypoglycaemia (P = 0.0002; RR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.47 to 3.51) and large for gestational age babies (P = 0.03; RR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.06 to 2.41). Estimation of stan- dard mean difference shows that neonatal birth weight was significantly higher in subjects re- ceiving glyburide than in the insulin group (P = 0.002; SMD: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.35). Conclu- sions: Glyburide was seen to be clinically effective and a safer alternative to insulin for maternal glycaemic control in GDM women. It is affordable, convenient and requires no comprehensive educative training at the time of initiation of therapy. However, its adverse outcomes—neonatal hypoglycaemia, high neonatal birth weight and large for gestational age babies—call for careful monitoring of GDM patients for any need for supplemental insulin.
Rank and independence in contingency table

A contingency table summarizes the conditional frequencies of two attributes and shows how these two attributes are dependent on each other. Thus, this table is a fundamental tool for pattern discovery with conditional probabilities, such as rule discovery. In this paper, a contingency table is interpreted from the viewpoint of statistical independence and granular computing. The first important observation is that a contingency table compares two attributes with respect to the number of equivalence classes. For example, a n x n table compares two attributes with the same granularity, while a m x n(m ≥ n) table compares two attributes with different granularities. The second important observation is that matrix algebra is a key point of analysis of this table. Especially, the degree of independence, rank plays a very important role in evaluating the degree of statistical independence. Relations between rank and the degree of dependence are also investigated.
Manhattan hashing for large-scale image retrieval

Hashing is used to learn binary-code representation for data with expectation of preserving the neighborhood structure in the original feature space. Due to its fast query speed and reduced storage cost, hashing has been widely used for efficient nearest neighbor search in a large variety of applications like text and image retrieval. Most existing hashing methods adopt Hamming distance to measure the similarity (neighborhood) between points in the hashcode space. However, one problem with Hamming distance is that it may destroy the neighborhood structure in the original feature space, which violates the essential goal of hashing. In this paper, Manhattan hashing (MH), which is based on Manhattan distance, is proposed to solve the problem of Hamming distance based hashing. The basic idea of MH is to encode each projected dimension with multiple bits of natural binary code (NBC), based on which the Manhattan distance between points in the hashcode space is calculated for nearest neighbor search. MH can effectively preserve the neighborhood structure in the data to achieve the goal of hashing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to adopt Manhattan distance with NBC for hashing. Experiments on several large-scale image data sets containing up to one million points show that our MH method can significantly outperform other state-of-the-art methods.
The Social Ecology of Parenting: Systematically Modeling The Antecedents of Supportive and Intrusive Parenting

I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Julie A. Schluterman entitled The Social Ecology of Parenting: Systematically Modeling The Antecedentsof Supportive and Intrusive Parenting. ” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Sociology. Brian K. Barber, major professor
Verified Implementations for Secure and Verifiable Computation

Formal verification of the security of software systems is gradually moving from the traditional focus on idealized models, to the more ambitious goal of producing verified implementations. This trend is also present in recent work targeting the verification of cryptographic software, but the reach of existing tools has so far been limited to cryptographic primitives, such as RSA-OAEP encryption, or standalone protocols, such as SSH. This paper presents a scalable approach to formally verifying implementations of higherlevel cryptographic systems, directly in the computational model. We consider circuit-based cloud-oriented cryptographic protocols for secure and verifiable computation over encrypted data. Our examples share as central component Yao’s celebrated transformation of a boolean circuit into an equivalent “garbled” form that can be evaluated securely in an untrusted environment. We leverage the foundations of garbled circuits set forth by Bellare, Hoang, and Rogaway (CCS 2012, ASIACRYPT 2012) to build verified implementations of garbling schemes, a verified implementation of Yao’s secure function evaluation protocol, and a verified (albeit partial) implementation of the verifiable computation protocol by Gennaro, Gentry, and Parno (CRYPTO 2010). The implementations are formally verified using EasyCrypt, a tool-assisted framework for building high-confidence cryptographic proofs, and critically rely on two novel features: a module and theory system that supports compositional reasoning, and a code extraction mechanism for generating implementations from formalizations.
An Empirical Evaluation of the Fuzzy Kernel Perceptron

J.-H. Chen and C. -S. Chen have recently proposed a nonlinear variant of Keller and Hunt's fuzzy perceptron algorithm, based on the now familiar "kernel trick. " In this letter, we demonstrate experimentally that J.-H. Chen and C. -S. Chen's assertion that the fuzzy kernel perceptron (FKP) outperforms the support vector machine (SVM) cannot be sustained. A more thorough model comparison exercise, based on a much wider range of benchmark data sets, shows that the FKP algorithm is not competitive with the SVM
Map-based horizontal navigation in educational Hypertext

This paper discusses the problem of horizontal (non-hierarchical) navigation in modern educational courseware. We will look at why horizontal links disappear, how to support horizontal navigation in modern hyper-courseware, and our earlier attempts to provide horizontal navigation in Web-based electronic textbooks. Here, we present map-based navigation - a new approach to support horizontal navigation in open corpus educational courseware that we are currently investigating. We will describe the mechanism behind this approach, present a system KnowledgeSea that implements this approach, and provide some results of a classroom study of this system.
Chart Pruning for Fast Lexicalised-Grammar Parsing

Given the increasing need to process massive amounts of textual data, efficiency of NLP tools is becoming a pressing concern. Parsers based on lexicalised grammar formalisms, such as TAG and CCG, can be made more efficient using supertagging, which for CCG is so effective that every derivation consistent with the supertagger output can be stored in a packed chart. However, wide-coverage CCG parsers still produce a very large number of derivations for typical newspaper or Wikipedia sentences. In this paper we investigate two forms of chart pruning, and develop a novel method for pruning complete cells in a parse chart. The result is a wide-coverage CCG parser that can process almost 100 sentences per second, with little or no loss in accuracy over the baseline with no pruning.
Anterior decompression for progressive brain stem compression in the Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Department of Neurology Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine In 1912 Klippel and Feil described a condition characterized by fusion and reduction in the number of cervical vertebrae. Since that time more than 200 cases have been reported. To our knowledge none have been treated by the transmandibular translingual approach described by Hall et al. The importance of this malformation lies in the secondary effects produced on the nervous system. Symptoms include cord and brain stem compression, weakness, spasticity, staggering, dysmetria, nystagmus, sensory loss, and lower cranial nerve involvement. We report a case of progressive brain stem compression treated by posterior decompressive cervical laminectomy followed by an anterior decompression.
Exploring Location-Related Data on Smart Phones for Activity Inference

In this paper, we propose a framework to infer different people's activity from the view of both the geographical habit and temporal habit of user. Such a personal activity inference framework is a crucial prerequisite for intelligent user experience, and power management of smart phones. By analyzing the real activity log data, we extract 3 kinds of features: 1) The geographical feature captures the user's activity preference of places, 2) The temporal feature records the routine habit of user's activity, 3) The semantic feature obtained from location-based social network can be used as an activity reference of public opinion for each location. Finally, we hybrid the features to build a Semantic-based Activity Inference Model (SAIM). To evaluate our proposed framework SAIM, we compared it with the state-of-art methods over a real dataset. The experimental results show that our framework could accurately inference user's activity and each feature of the three has different inferring ability for different user.
Projecting Parameters for Multilingual Word Sense Disambiguation

We report in this paper a way of doing Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) that has its origin in multilingual MT and that is cognizant of the fact that parallel corpora, wordnets and sense annotated corpora are scarce resources. With respect to these resources, languages show different levels of readiness; however a more resource fortunate language can help a less resource fortunate language. Our WSD method can be applied to a language even when no sense tagged corpora for that language is available. This is achieved by projecting wordnet and corpus parameters from another language to the language in question. The approach is centered around a novel synset based multilingual dictionary and the empirical observation that within a domain the distribution of senses remains more or less invariant across languages. The effectiveness of our approach is verified by doing parameter projection and then running two different WSD algorithms. The accuracy values of approximately 75% (F1-score) for three languages in two different domains establish the fact that within a domain it is possible to circumvent the problem of scarcity of resources by projecting parameters like sense distributions, corpus-co-occurrences, conceptual distance, etc. from one language to another.