Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
From Silicon Valley to the Valley of Teotihuacan: The “Yahoo!s” of New Media and Digital Heritage

This article examines the convergence of new media and archaeology, specifically cultural heritage management. I examine the events involving Yahoo! 's creation of a global, “electric anthropology archive. ” This archive was part of the company's “mixed reality” time capsule project to transmit user-generated digital contributions from the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Teotihuacan, Mexico. Working through the specifics of how this new media mogul operationalized the functionality of Web 2.0 at a cultural heritage site, I identify the salient components of what is new about this emerging technology (a “platform shift”) and how it parallels ethical and legal demands to open archaeology to greater public involvement (a “paradigm shift”). Considering the emerging centrality of users in new media, I examine the potential of new media for academic projects by discussing the integration of a wiki, a particular and defining type of new media, into the investigation of what constitutes heritage for locals at Teotihuacan. Current concerns in archaeology, such as the need to create and maintain digital databases as well as the granting of restrictive Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) over the material of the discipline, may be creatively and productively worked through by using such new media.
Latinas/os in Community College Developmental Education

This qualitative study examines the experiences of Latinas/os in community college English and math developmental education courses. Critical race theory in education and the theory of validation serve as guiding frameworks. The authors find that institutional agents provide academic validation by emphasizing high expectations, focusing on social identities, and improving academic skills. The authors conclude by conceptualizing a critical race validating pedagogy to implement among students who place in community college developmental education courses.
PI3K/AKT pathway activation in bladder carcinogenesis

The PI3K/AKT pathway is considered to play a major role in bladder carcinogenesis, but its relationships with other molecular alterations observed in bladder cancer remain unknown. We investigated PI3K/AKT pathway activation in a series of human bladder urothelial carcinomas (UC) according to PTEN expression, PTEN deletions and FGFR3, PIK3CA, KRAS, HRAS, NRAS and TP53 gene mutations. The series included 6 normal bladder urothelial samples and 129 UC (Ta n = 25, T1 n = 34, T2–T3–T4 n = 70). Expression of phospho‐AKT (pAKT), phospho‐S6‐Ribosomal Protein (pS6) (one downstream effector of PI3K/AKT pathway) and PTEN was evaluated by reverse phase protein Array. Expression of miR‐21, miR‐19a and miR‐222, known to regulate PTEN expression, was also evaluated. pAKT expression levels were higher in tumors than in normal urothelium (p < 0.01), regardless of stage and showed a weak and positive correlation with pS6 (Spearman coefficient RS = 0.26; p = 0.002). No association was observed between pAKT or pS6 expression and the gene mutations studied. PTEN expression was decreased in PTEN‐deleted tumors, and in T1 (p = 0.0089) and T2–T3–T4 (p < 0.001) tumors compared to Ta tumors; it was also negatively correlated with miR‐19a (RS = −0.50; p = 0.0088) and miR‐222 (RS = −0.48; p = 0.0132), but not miR‐21 (RS = −0.27; p = 0.18) expression. pAKT and PTEN expressions were not negatively correlated, and, on the opposite, a positive and moderate correlation was observed in Ta (RS = 0.54; p = 0.0056) and T1 (RS = 0.56; p = 0.0006) tumors. Our study suggests that PI3K/AKT pathway activation occurs in the entire spectrum of bladder UC regardless of stage or known most frequent molecular alterations, and independently of low PTEN expression.
pathways to literacy: connections between family assets and preschool children’s emergent literacy skills

Using a developmental assets framework, we examined the influences of family resources, routines, and stress on preschool-aged children’s emerging literacy development. Data were collected from 85 children as well as from their parents. Using path analysis, the results revealed that the more regular the routines in the household, the more likely parents were to engage their children in literacy enhancing activities, and in turn the higher the children’s print knowledge and reading interest. This was the case both initially and a year later. Results also showed that family resources and stress contributed to aspects of literacy development, although not as strongly as family routines. The findings suggest that interventions should include efforts to promote supportive family contexts as an additional means to enhance children’s literacy development.
Fault detection of a benchmark wind turbine using interval analysis

This paper investigates a state estimation set-membership approach for fault detection of a benchmark wind turbine. The main challenges in the benchmark are high noise on the wind speed measurement and the nonlinearities in the aerodynamic torque such that the overall model of the turbine is nonlinear. We use an effective wind speed estimator to estimate the effective wind speed and then using interval analysis and monotonicity of the aerodynamic torque with respect to the effective wind speed, we can apply the method to the nonlinear system. The fault detection algorithm checks the consistency of the measurement with a closed set that is computed based on the past measurements and a model of the system. If the measurement is not consistent with this set, a fault is detected. The result demonstrates effectiveness of the method for fault detection of the benchmark wind turbine.
Pathology is alleviated by doxycycline in a laminin‐α2–null model of congenital muscular dystrophy

Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A is an autosomal recessive disease that is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations in the laminin‐α2 gene, and results in motor nerve and skeletal muscle dysfunction. In a previous study, we used genetic modifications to show that inappropriate induction of apoptosis was a significant contributor to pathogenesis in a laminin‐α2–deficient mouse model of congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A. To identify a possible pharmacological therapy for laminin‐α2 deficiency, we designed this study to determine whether treatment with minocycline or doxycycline, which are tetracycline derivatives reported to have antiapoptotic effects in mammals, would significantly increase lifespan and improve neuromuscular function in laminin‐α2–deficient mice.
Slippery? contradictory? sociologically untenable? The Copenhagen school replies

In the January 1996 issue of the Review, Bill McSweeney argues that our 1993 book, Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe (IMNSAE), ‘subverts’ the analysis of Buzan’s People, States and Fear (PSF) ‘without enhancing our understanding of the problem of security’ (p. 93). Bill McSweeney, ‘Identity and Security: Buzan and the Copenhagen School’, Review of International Studies, 22 (1996), pp. 81–93; O. Wæver, B. Buzan, Morten Kelstrup and Pierre Lemaitre with David Carlton et al., Identity, Migration and the New Security Agenda in Europe (London, 1993). Of the many charges that McSweeney brings to bear we will address three. First is that societal security is merely a trendy response to current concerns about nationalism rather than a more theoretically considered move. Second — and this seems to be the core of his complaint — is that the view we take of ‘identities’ is far too objectivist and not (de)constructivist enough, and that our approach makes it impossible to consider the process of identity formation as part of the politics of security. Third, he says that Buzan’s association with IMNSAE contradicts strong positions he developed in PSF and that his analysis has therefore become incoherent.
CHANGES IN CLICK SOURCE LEVELS WITH DISTANCE TO TARGETS: STUDIES OF FREE-RANGING WHITE-BEAKED DOLPHINS LAGENORHYNCHUS ALBIROSTRIS AND CAPTIVE HARBOUR PORPOISES PHOCOENA PHOCOENA

ABSTRACT Probably all odontocetes use echolocation for spatial orientation and detection of prey. We used a four hydrophone “Y” array to record the high frequency clicks from free-ranging White-beaked Dolphins Lagenorhynchus albirostris and captive Harbour Porpoises Phocoena phocoena. From the recordings we calculated distances to the animals and source levels of the clicks. The recordings from White-beaked Dolphins were made in Iceland and those from Harbour Porpoises at Fjord & Baelt, Kerteminde, Denmark during prey capture. We used stringent criteria to determine which clicks could be defined as being on the acoustic axis. Two dolphin and nine porpoise click series could be used to track individual animals, which presumably focused on the array hydrophones or a fish right in front of the array. The apparent source levels of clicks in the individual tracks increased with range. One individual White-beaked Dolphin and three Harbour Porpoises regulate their output signal level to nearly compensate for one-way transmission loss while approaching a target. The other dolphin regulated the output differently. For most of the recordings the sound level at the target remains nearly constant and the echo level at the animal increases as it closes on the target.
Advances in Mammalian Cell Line Development Technologies for Recombinant Protein Production

From 2006 to 2011, an average of 15 novel recombinant protein therapeutics have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) annually. In addition, the expiration of blockbuster biologics has also spurred the emergence of biosimilars. The increasing numbers of innovator biologic products and biosimilars have thus fuelled the demand of production cell lines with high productivity. Currently, mammalian cell line development technologies used by most biopharmaceutical companies are based on either the methotrexate (MTX) amplification technology or the glutamine synthetase (GS) system. With both systems, the cell clones obtained are highly heterogeneous, as a result of random genome integration by the gene of interest and the gene amplification process. Consequently, large numbers of cell clones have to be screened to identify rare stable high producer cell clones. As such, the cell line development process typically requires 6 to 12 months and is a time, capital and labour intensive process. This article reviews established advances in protein expression and clone screening which are the core technologies in mammalian cell line development. Advancements in these component technologies are vital to improve the speed and efficiency of generating robust and highly productive cell line for large scale production of protein therapeutics.
A multilevel compressed sparse row format for efficient sparse computations on multicore processors

We seek to improve the performance of sparse matrix computations on multicore processors with non-uniform memory access (NUMA). Typical implementations use a bandwidth reducing ordering of the matrix to increase locality of accesses with a compressed storage format to store and operate only on the non-zero values. We propose a new multilevel storage format and a companion ordering scheme as an explicit adaptation to map to NUMA hierarchies. More specifically, we propose CSR-k, a multilevel form of the popular compressed sparse row (CSR) format for a multicore processor with k > 1 well-differentiated levels in the memory subsystem. Additionally, we develop Band-k, a modified form of a traditional bandwidth reduction scheme, to convert a matrix represented in CSRto our proposed CSR-k. We evaluate the performance of the widely-used and important sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SpMV) kernel using CSR-2 on Intel Westmere processors for a test suite of 12 large sparse matrices with row densities in the range 3 to 45. On 32 cores, on average across all matrices in the test suite, the execution time for SpMV with CSR-2is less than 42% of the time taken by the state-of-the-art automatically tuned SpMV resulting in energy savings of approximately 56%. Additionally, on average, the parallel speed-up on 32 cores of the automatically tuned SpMV relative to its 1-core performance is 8.18 compared to a value of 19.71 for CSR-2. Our analysis indicates that the higher performance of SpMV with CSR-2 comes from achieving higher reuse of x in the shared L3 cache without incurring overheads from fill-in of original zeroes. Furthermore, the pre-processing costs of SpMV with CSR-2 can be amortized on average over 97 iterations of SpMV using CSR and are substantially lower than the 513 iterations required for the automatically tuned implementation. Based on these results, CSR-k appears to be a promising multilevel formulation of CSR for adapting sparse computations to multicore processors with NUMA memory hierarchies.
Receding Horizon Formation Tracking Control of Constrained Underactuated Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

The cooperative control of marine vehicles finds wide applications in many marine missions and tasks. This paper investigates the receding horizon formation tracking control problem of a fleet of underactuated autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), in which the follower AUVs are required to track the leader with prescribed formation pattern, and the control inputs of the follower AUVs are subject to practical constraints. An auxiliary stabilizable control law is first designed, based on which a novel optimization problem is proposed and a new receding horizon control (RHC) algorithm is designed to generate control inputs. The theoretical feasibility conditions of the RHC-based tracking algorithm and the stability conditions of the closed-loop systems are provided. Simulation studies are conducted, and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and theoretical results.
Shape Priors using Manifold Learning Techniques

We introduce a non-linear shape prior for the de- formable model framework that we learn from a set of shape samples using recent manifold learning techniques. We model a category of shapes as a finite dimensional manifold which we approximate using Diffusion maps, that we call the shape prior manifold. Our method computes a Delaunay triangulation of the reduced space, considered as Euclidean, and uses the resulting space partition to identify the closest neighbors of any given shape based on its Nystrom extension. Our contribution lies in three aspects. First, we propose a solution to the pre-image problem and define the projection of a shape onto the manifold. Based on closest neighbors for the Diffusion distance, we then describe a variational framework for manifold denoising. Finally, we introduce a shape prior term for the deformable framework through a non-linear energy term designed to attract a shape towards the manifold at given constant embedding. Results on shapes of cars and ventricule nuclei are presented and demonstrate the potentials of our method.
A Computational Model of Reorganization in Auditory Cortex in Response to Cochlear Lesions

Topographic representation or maps of sensory epithelia is a general feature throughout the brainstem and cortex. Recent evidence suggests that the maps may be labile and altered by use. Moreover, there is evidence that these topographic representations can be modified by lesioning regions of the peripheral receptor surface. Robertson and Irvine (1989) have examined the effects of partial unilateral cochlear lesions on the orderly topographic mapping of sound frequency in the auditory cortex of adult guinea pigs. They found that there is significant reorganization of the topo-graphic representation following restricted damage to the cochlea. A self-organizing model of auditory cortex that incorporates biologically plausible neural mechanisms for reorganization will be presented. A computational model of the auditory periphery (Jenison, Greenberg, Kluender, & Rhode, 1991) drives the development of the self-organizing cortical model via exposure to a range of pure-tone frequencies. After the cortical model has " matured " , the peripheral model is lesioned, and reorganization is allowed to proceed. Patterns of the reorganized frequency map are similar to those observed in the deafened adult guinea pigs. Possible mechanisms underlying the observed changes are discussed.
The oxidation states of DJ-1 dictate the cell fate in response to oxidative stress triggered by 4-hpr: autophagy or apoptosis?

AIM Chemotherapy-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only contribute to apoptosis, but also trigger autophagy. Since autophagy is reported to protect cancer cells from apoptosis, this weakens the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. This study aimed at identifying the key molecules that determine the cellular response to ROS and, therefore, provide better strategies to increase chemotherapeutic efficiency. RESULTS Increasing concentrations of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR)-treatment pushed autophagy down to apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and 4-HPR-induced ROS contribute to this process. Since we found that ASK1-regulated JNK1 and p38 are responsible for 4-HPR-induced autophagy and apoptosis, respectively, we further utilized co-immunoprecipitation followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify proteins that specifically bind to ASK1 under different oxidative states. Of note, DJ-1, a crucial antioxidant protein, was identified. Interestingly, DJ-1 functions as a redox sensor that senses ROS levels and determines the cellular response to 4-HPR: Under mild oxidative stress, moderate oxidation of DJ-1 is recruited to inhibit the activity of ASK1 and maintain cell viability by activating autophagy; under a lethal level of oxidative stress, excessive oxidized DJ-1 dissociates from ASK1 and activates it, thereby initiating p38 activation and enabling the cells to commit to apoptosis. Moreover, the depletion of DJ-1 increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to 4-HPR both in vitro and in vivo. INNOVATION Our results reveal that the different oxidation states of DJ-1 function as a cellular redox sensor of ROS caused by 4-HPR and determine the cell fate of autophagy or apoptosis. Moreover, the results suggest that DJ-1 might be a potent therapeutic target for cancer treatment. CONCLUSION ROS-mediated changes in the oxidation state of DJ-1 are involved in 4-HPR's effect on pushing autophagy down to apoptosis. Consequently, this change mediates ASK1 activation by regulating DJ-1-ASK1 complex formation and determines the cell fate of autophagy or apoptosis.
Faculty Socialization

This article examines the socialization experience of African American faculty at urban Black colleges. Specifically, this qualitative study explored influences and barriers in the socialization experience of African American tenure-track and tenured faculty in the social sciences and humanities at two urban Black colleges. Clear institutional values and expectations, which were learned formally and informally, were an influential component of the socialization process. Senior faculty, written publications, and department chairs informed new faculty of the institutional values and expectations for promotion and tenure. However, a perceived barrier in the socialization process was that senior faculty were not informing new faculty about the ropes of the institution. New faculty indicated they had to learn the ropes of the institution through trial and error. Nonetheless, this perceived barrier did not significantly detract from the overall positive socialization experience of faculty at the urban Black colleges in this study.
TAP46 Plays a Positive Role in the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE5-Regulated Gene Expression in Arabidopsis1[W][OPEN]

A protein phosphatase 2A-associated protein, regulates ABA-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis. TAP46 is a protein phosphatase2A (PP2A)-associated protein that regulates PP2A activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). To study how PP2A is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in plants, we studied the function of TAP46 in ABA-regulated seed maturation and seedling development. Expression of TAP46 coincides with the action of ABA in developing seeds and during seed germination, and the TAP46 transcript reaches to the highest level in mature seeds. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicates that external ABA can increase TAP46 transcript level transiently during seed germination. Overexpression of TAP46 increases plant sensitivity to ABA, while tap46 knockdown mutants are less sensitive to ABA during seed germination, suggesting that TAP46 functions positively in ABA signaling. Overexpression of TAP46 also leads to lower PP2A activity, while tap46-1 knockdown mutant displays higher PP2A activity, suggesting that TAP46 negatively regulates PP2A activity in Arabidopsis. Both TAP46 and PP2A interact with the ABA-regulated transcription factor ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5) in vivo, and TAP46’s binding to ABI5 can stabilize ABI5. Furthermore, TAP46’s binding to the phosphorylated ABI5 may prevent PP2A or PP2A-like protein phosphatases from removing the phosphate from ABI5, thereby maintaining ABI5 in its active form. Overexpression of TAP46 and inhibition of activities of PP2A or PP2A-like protein phosphatases can increase transcript levels of several ABI5-regulated genes, suggesting that TAP46 is a positive factor in the ABA-regulated gene expression in Arabidopsis.
Predictive value of clinical features for the obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

The advantage of being a National Referral Centre for patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) was used to seek clinical factors predictive of OSA, and thus determine if the number of polysomnography tests required could be reduced. Patients were mainly primary referrals, from an island population of 3.5 million. Two hundred and fifty consecutive patients underwent clinical assessment, full polysomnography, and a detailed self-administered questionnaire. This represents one of the largest European studies, so far, utilizing full polysomnography. Fifty four percent (n = 134) had polysomnographic evidence of OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) > or = 15 events.h-1 sleep). Patients with OSA were more likely to be male, and had a significantly greater prevalence of habitual snoring, sleeping supine, wakening with heartburn, and dozing whilst driving. Alcohol intake, age and body mass index (BMI) were significant independent correlates of AHI. After controlling for BMI and age, waist circumference correlated more closely with AHI than neck circumference among males, while the opposite was true among females. No single factor was usefully predictive of obstructive sleep apnoea. However, combining clinical features and oximetry data, where appropriate, approximately one third of patients could be confidently designated as having obstructive sleep apnoea or not. The remaining two thirds of patients would still require more detailed sleep studies, such as full polysomnography, to reach a confident diagnosis.