Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Film to School (FtS) Programs: Active Engagement for Filmmakers in Education

Although teachers have been using film in the classroom for decades, there is a growing trend for filmmakers to create supportive materials and programs for educators to integrate their films into school programming. Student populations can be extremely valuable assets to the educational and engagement goals of issue-based and documentary films. Likewise, students and teachers both receive significant benefits from incorporating film into the educational environment, making schools an excellent venue for film outreach. This new breed of Film to School (FtS) programs utilize a variety of strategies ‐ including film availability, curriculum, professional development, school screenings, action campaigns, and coordinated events ‐ to both enhance the school environment and spread the messages conveyed within such films. This paper will discuss past research on the benefits of using film in schools, introduce FtS strategies in theory and practice, and present outcome results from Invisible Children, one of the analyzed films. Results suggest great promise for FtS programs as a way to enhance student learning and subsequent engagement in civic behavior.
Gonadal tumour risk in 292 phenotypic female patients with disorders of sex development containing Y chromosome or Y‐derived sequence

Phenotypic female disorders of sex development (DSD) patients with Y chromosome or Y‐derived sequence have an increased risk of gonadal germ cell tumours (GCTs). The objective of the study was to evaluate tumour risk of DSD, summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with GCTs and propose management suggestions.
Credit Union Structure, Growth and Regulatory Problems

At year end 1979, there were 12,738 Federal and 4,769 state chartered federally insured credit unions in the United States. Their assets were $36.5 billion and $18.5 billion, respectively. The industry was the fastest growing of all financial intermediaries during the early to mid-1970s. Factors contributing to a growth rate of 18 percent from 1970 to 1978 were the absence of Regulation Q restrictions on CU dividend rates, tax exempt status of CUs, the advent of share insurance in 1970 and the impact of sponsor subsidies. However, during 1979, federal credit union savings grew by only 2.4%, which was more than 85% lower than in the preceding year and was the slowest annual growth rate on record. Indeed, since 1977, federal credit unions have gone from the fastest growing to the second slowest growing type of depository institution. The reason for the changes in credit unions will be discussed after this section which provides background information on the structure of the industry. That structure has, historically led to a reduction in risk. The basic components of that structure are common bond and sponsorship. ' Common Bond Credit unions are unique financial depository institutions in that they are consumer cooperatives and are limited to serving the market for consumer credit and savings. Generally, these institutions cannot do business with the general public due to charter limitations based on serving a membership that is characterized by a common bond. The common bond is based on occupation, association or residence. The only exceptions are generally found under state law and apply to state chartered institutions. The common bond restriction on credit union membership is assumed to reduce the cost of gathering credit information, reducing bad debt losses and manifests * National Credit Union Administration. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Credit Union Administration. ' An extensive review of the history of credit unions and the institutional structure is found in
Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Laparoscopic Left Lateral Hepatectomy and Open Left Lateral Hepatectomy for Hepatolithiasis: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Intrahepatic duct (IHD) stones, also known as hepatolithiasis, refers to any intrahepatic stones of the left and right hepatic ducts. It is a benign biliary tract disease with a high recurrence rate, with many complications, and difficulty in radical cure. The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to compare the safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic left lateral hepatectomy (LLLH) and open left lateral hepatectomy (OLLH) for IHD stones. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, WangFang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the comparison of LLLH and OLLH in the treatment of hepatolithiasis. Standard mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR), and 95% CI were calculated using the random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity between studies. Results: From January 01, 2001 to May 30, 2021, 1,056 articles were retrieved, but only 13 articles were finally included for the meta-analysis. The results showed that compared to the OLLH group, LLLH resulted in smaller surgical incision, less intraoperative blood loss, faster postoperative recovery, and fewer postoperative complications (surgical incision: SMD = −3.76, 95% CI: −5.40, −2.12; intraoperative blood loss: SMD = −0.95, 95% CI: −1.69, −0.21; length of hospital stay: SMD = −1.56, 95% CI: −2.37, −0.75; postoperative complications: OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.78). Conclusions: In the treatment of hepatolithiasis, compared with OLLH, LLLH has the advantages of less intraoperative blood loss, smaller incisions, less postoperative complications, shorter hospital stay, shorter time to first postoperative exhaust, and postoperative ambulation, and rapid postoperative recovery.
Rapid PCR Test for Discriminating betweenCandida albicans and Candida dubliniensisIsolates Using Primers Derived from the pH-Regulated PHR1and PHR2 Genes of C. albicans

ABSTRACT The development of a satisfactory means to reliably distinguish between the two closely related species Candida albicansand Candida dubliniensis in the clinical mycology laboratory has proved difficult because these two species are phenotypically so similar. In this study, we have detected homologues of the pH-regulated C. albicans PHR1 and PHR2genes in C. dubliniensis. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggests that there are significant sequence differences between the genes of the two species. In order to exploit this apparent difference, oligonucleotide primers based on the coding sequence of the C. albicans PHR1 structural gene were designed and used in PCR experiments. Use of these primers withC. albicans template DNA from 17 strains yielded a predicted 1.6-kb product, while C. dubliniensis template DNA from 19 strains yielded no product. We therefore propose that PCR using these primers is a rapid and reliable means of distinguishing the two germ tube- and chlamydospore-producing species C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
Purification and characterization of the human Rad51 protein, an analogue of E. coli RecA.

In bacteria, genetic recombination is catalysed by RecA protein, the product of the recA gene. A human gene that shares homology with Escherichia coli recA (and its yeast homologue RAD51) has been cloned from a testis cDNA library, and its 37 kDa product (hRad51) purified to homogeneity. The human Rad51 protein binds to single‐ and double‐stranded DNA and exhibits DNA‐dependent ATPase activity. Using a topological assay, we demonstrate that hRad51 underwinds duplex DNA, in a reaction dependent upon the presence of ATP or its non‐hydrolysable analogue ATP gamma S. Complexes formed with single‐ and double‐stranded DNA have been observed by electron microscopy following negative staining. With nicked duplex DNA, hRad51 forms helical nucleoprotein filaments which exhibit the striated appearance characteristic of RecA or yeast Rad51 filaments. Contour length measurements indicate that the DNA is underwound and extended within the nucleoprotein complex. In contrast to yeast Rad51 protein, human Rad51 forms filaments with single‐stranded DNA in the presence of ATP/ATP gamma S. These resemble the inactive form of the RecA filament which is observed in the absence of a nucleotide cofactor.
INNOVATION, SUCCESS AND FAILURE IN PUBLIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: Some methodological reflections

The critics of best practice research argue that it is based on selective reporting, does not ask whether innovations are sustainable and does not compare excellent organizations to those that are failing. This article attempts to defend best practice research from these criticisms as well as provide suggestions for future best practice research. The best applications to innovations awards are shown to be representative samples of innovative activity and sustainable. A number of examples of practitioner studies of best practice and academic or auditor studies of organizational failure are provided. The article concludes with suggestions as to how to integrate studies of success and failure, such as case studies of turnarounds and more quantitative studies intended to explain differences in performance among organizations (for example, league tables). The conclusion reached is that the criticisms of best practice research have become less relevant as best practice research has become methodologically more sophisticated.
The Relationship Between Commercial Energy Consumption and Gross Domestic Income in Kenya

The causal relationship between economic growth and energy consumption represents a widely studied topic in energy economics literature. Although it is well known that there is a strong correlation between energy consumption and economic growth, the issue of causality is still controversial. The paper investigated the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in Kenya using published data. By using the Ganger-causality Error Correction Model, the results suggest that economic growth causes energy consumption in Kenya. The implication of the study is that energy conservation measures would not lead to negative effects on the country's economic growth.
Telomere maintenance and length regulation in Trypanosoma brucei

Transcription of telomere proximal variant surface glycoprotein genes is mono‐allelic in bloodstream‐form Trypanosoma brucei. The terminal DNA sequence at these telomeres consists of tandem T2AG3 repeats, which increase in length by ∼8 bp per cell division balanced by occasional loss of large numbers of repeats. Here we have used targeted chromosome fragmentation to investigate the sequence requirements for telomere formation in T.brucei. Telomere formation is most efficient on tandem T2AG3 repeats, but can also occur on specific templates found within ‘random’ sequence substrates and on G‐rich motifs proximal to a double‐strand break. Newly formed telomeres are extended faster than other native telomeres, but as the telomere becomes longer the rate of extension declines. Telomere length regulation in T.brucei is discussed in the context of recent results from other cell types.
The Case for Laboratory Developed Procedures

An explosion of knowledge and technology is revolutionizing medicine and patient care. Novel testing must be brought to the clinic with safety and accuracy, but also in a timely and cost-effective manner, so that patients can benefit and laboratories can offer testing consistent with current guidelines. Under the oversight provided by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, laboratories have been able to develop and optimize laboratory procedures for use in-house. Quality improvement programs, interlaboratory comparisons, and the ability of laboratories to adjust assays as needed to improve results, utilize new sample types, or incorporate new mutations, information, or technologies are positive aspects of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments oversight of laboratory-developed procedures. Laboratories have a long history of successful service to patients operating under Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. A series of detailed clinical examples illustrating the quality and positive impact of laboratory-developed procedures on patient care is provided. These examples also demonstrate how Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments oversight ensures accurate, reliable, and reproducible testing in clinical laboratories.
Subscapularis Function and Structural Integrity After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Subscapularis Tears

Background: Results of arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tendon tears have not been widely studied. A detailed evaluation of subscapularis function with subscapularis strength quantification has not been performed to date. Purpose: To evaluate postoperative subscapularis muscle function and to assess the clinical outcome and structural tendon integrity with postoperative magnetic resonance imaging after arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tears. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In a prospective study, isolated subscapularis tendon tears in 21 patients were treated with an all-arthroscopic repair. The average age of the study population was 43 years. The mean interval between trauma and surgery was 5.8 months. In 19 patients, a traumatic event caused the onset of symptoms. Subscapularis muscle function was assessed with specific clinical tests and the Constant scoring system. Postoperative subscapularis strength was evaluated with a custom-made electronic force measurement plate. All patients underwent postoperative magnetic resonance imaging to assess structural integrity of the repair. Results: The average duration of follow-up was 27 months. The Constant score increased from 50 points preoperatively to 82 points postoperatively (P < .01). Most positive preoperative lift-off and belly-press tests were reversed by surgery, with a rate of 5 (24%) persistent positive tests after surgery. In operated shoulders, subscapularis strength in the belly-press (65 vs 87 N; P < .05) and the lift-off position (44 vs 68 N; P < .05) was significantly reduced compared with the contralateral shoulder. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intact repair in 20 patients. Atrophy of the upper subscapularis muscle portion was present in about one-fourth of the patients and in all patients with a positive postoperative belly-press test. Conclusion: Arthroscopic repair of isolated subscapularis tendon tears achieves substantial improvement of shoulder function and a low rerupture rate. Despite excellent clinical results, a significant postoperative subscapularis strength deficit compared with the contralateral shoulder persists that can be quantified with use of the force measurement plate. Atrophy of the upper subscapularis muscle is present in 25% of the patients in the postoperative course.
Bertrand Equilibrium with Capacity Constraints and Restricted Mobility

This paper considers price competition among firms when there are capacity constraints and buyers have limited ability to visit firms. A natural method of allocating buyers among firms arises in the equilibrium of the buyers' search game. Sufficient conditions are given under which the buyers' equilibrium varies continuously with the prices charged by firms. Capacity constraints are used to guarantee that this ensures existence of (mixed strategy) equilibria for the pricing game played by sellers. We show that natural pure strategy equilibria arise when the game is made large in appropriate ways. SINCE BERTRAND'S CRITICISM OF COURNOT, it has been known that models where sellers compete with prices may have undesirable properties when the commodities traded are homogenous. In the simplest models with constant marginal costs, price may be driven down to the competitive level, even when there are only two firms. More problematic, if sellers are subject to capacity constraints, Nash (in prices) equilibrium may not exist at all. These problems all arise because of a discontinuity in firms' profit functions that arises when the prices of two or more firms are equal. There have been many attempts to resolve this problem. The simplest is to constrain sellers' prices to be equal, and to force them to compete in quantities. This is the basis of most of the literature on monopolistic competi
Beyond neoclassical orthodoxy: a view based on the new economic geography and UK regional wage data

The article examines the performance of two competing non-nested models of regional wage variations in Great Britain, one motivated by the Solow-Swann neoclassical growth model which assumes constant returns to scale, the other by new economic geography theory, which assumes internal and external increasing returns. Both models also include controls for labour efficiency variations across regions. The empirical analysis, which is based on the bootstrap J test, shows that the neoclassical model does not reject the new economic geography specification, but the converse is not true and the model with a basis in new economic geography has significantly superior explanatory power. This adds support to the notion that in order to correctly understand differential regional economic development, we should move beyond neoclassical orthodoxy and that an increasing returns stance is more appropriate. However, the article also highlights some limitations of new economic geography theory. Copyright RSAI 2005.
Concept Equalization to Guide Correct Training of Neural Machine Translation

Neural machine translation decoders are usually conditional language models to sequentially generate words for target sentences. This approach is limited to find the best word composition and requires help of explicit methods as beam search. To help learning correct compositional mechanisms in NMTs, we propose concept equalization using direct mapping distributed representations of source and target sentences. In a translation experiment from English to French, the concept equalization significantly improved translation quality by 3.00 BLEU points compared to a state-of-the-art NMT model.
In Search of Market Index Leaders: Evidence from World Financial Markets

This paper investigates the presence of Granger-causality amongst world market indices: S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Eurostoxx 50, Nikkei, FTSE 100, from January 2nd 1987 to October 17th 2008. Using daily market returns I performed a Granger-causality test, based on the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, in order to detect the causalities amongst indices. Different sub-samples were considered, which take into account the distinction between bearish and bullish phases of the markets. Results show that there is high Granger-causality amongst stock returns in every phase of financial markets, but that a real market index leader does not exist, except for Nikkei and Eurostoxx in the third quartile.
Analyzing the Shielding Effectiveness of a Graphene-Coated Shielding Sheet by Using the HIE-FDTD Method

A hybrid implicit explicit-finite difference time-domain (HIE-FDTD) method is proposed to simulate a graphene-coated shielding sheet. In this method, both the interband and intraband conductivity of the graphene are handled directly through an auxiliary difference equation. This method has much higher computational efficiency than the conventional FDTD method, because the time step size in this method is not related with the fine spatial cells in the graphene layer. A graphene-coated shielding sheet is simulated and analyzed by using proposed HIE-FDTD method. The numerical result shows that the shielding effectiveness of the sheet can be improved through controlling graphene's chemical potential, and the interband conductivity of the graphene has important effect on the shielding performance of the sheet, especially at the frequency band larger than 10 THz.
An Improved Fast Search Clustering Algorithm Based on Kernel Density

Clustering is an important algorithm for data mining. FSC is a kind of clustering algorithm based on density, which has been proposed in the journal Science in 2014. FSC only requires one input parameter and has a higher practicability. RFSC, which is an improved algorithm of FSC algorithm, is less sensitive to the input parameters and faster. However, neither RFSC nor FSC can deal with uneven density data sets. In order to solve that problem, we propose an improved algorithm KFSC in this paper by dynamically controlling of the width of the kernel function. KFSC uses the idea of attractor of the DENCLUE and can customize their own personalized attraction for each point. The experimental results on synthetic data sets show that KFSC has a better performance on uneven density data sets than FSC and RFSC.
Efficient Algorithms for the Cell Based Single Destination System Optimal Dynamic Traffic Assignment Problem

The cell transmission model (CTM) based single destination system optimal dynamic traffic assignment (SD-SO-DTA) model has wide applications. Although formulated as a linear programming (LP) model, embedded multi-period cell network representation yields an extremely large model for real-size networks. As a result, most of these models are not solvable using existent LP solvers. Solutions using LP techniques also involve holding vehicles, violating CTM flow dynamics. This doctoral research is aimed at developing innovative algorithms that overcome both computational efficiency and solution realism. We first prove that SD-SO-DTA is equivalent to the earliest arrival flow (EAF), and then develop efficient algorithms to solve EAF. Two variants of the algorithm are developed. For the case of time-varying parameters, we develop a network flow algorithm on a time-expanded network. The main challenge in this approach is to address the issue of having backward wave speed lower than forward wave speed. This situation leads to non-typical constraints involving coefficients with value of less than 1. Additionally, the proposed approach solves for optimal flows that exhibit non-vehicle-holding properties, which is a major breakthrough compared to all existing solution techniques for SD-SO-DTA. For the case of time-invariant network parameters, we reduce the SD-SO-DTA to a standard EAF problem on a dynamic network, which is constructed on the original roadway network without dividing it into cells. We prove that the EAF under a free flow condition is one of the optimal solutions, if cell properties follow a trapezoidal/triangular fundamental diagram. We use chain flows obtained on a static network to induce dynamic flows, an approach applicable to large-scale networks. Another contribution of this research is to provide a simple and practical algorithm solving the EAF with multiple sources. Most existing studies contain submodular function optimization as subroutines, and thus are not practical for real-life implementation. In this regard, we develop a practical and operational algorithm that avoids submodular function optimization. The main body of the given method is comprised of |S+| iterations of earliest arrival s – t flow computations, where |S+| is the number of sources. Numerical results show that our multi-source EAF algorithm solves the SD-SO-DTA problem with time-invariant parameters to optimum.
Destination Country Portfolio Analysis: The Evaluation of National Tourism Destination Marketing Programs Revisited

The analysis of destination country portfolios is essential for evaluating the overall competitive position of tourist destinations. An evaluation scheme based on indices of market share and change in market share is developed for 24 destination countries and 21 origin countries. It is clear that there are marked differences in performance among the various tourist destinations. The driving force with regard to market share increases appears to be the percentage of tourism demand being generated from markets with above-average income elasticities.