Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Communication as a Strategic Tool in Change Processes

The aim of the study was to develop, test, and partly validate a set of organizational communication factors for use in an organizational-change setting. Based on literature reviews and pilot interviews, a survey study was conducted using three samples. First, the testing involved construct validation through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Second, the sample was divided into three groups: employees who experienced change, those who had recently had finished a change process, and those who had not experienced any change processes. The communication factors were then examined as predictors of employee assessment of communication in these three groups, respectively. The results of the study indicated eight robust dimensions included in five categories: social contact, central leadership, information, influence, and barriers to improvement. The results of the factor analyses indicated satisfactory reliability and construct validity of the communication factors, and the confirmatory factor analysis revealed a satisfactory model fit.
Removal of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Artifacts with an Enhanced Adaptive Filtering Method: An Experimental Trial

Current automated external defibrillators mandate interruptions of chest compression to avoid the effect of artifacts produced by CPR for reliable rhythm analyses. But even seconds of interruption of chest compression during CPR adversely affects the rate of restoration of spontaneous circulation and survival. Numerous digital signal processing techniques have been developed to remove the artifacts or interpret the corrupted ECG with promising result, but the performance is still inadequate, especially for nonshockable rhythms. In the present study, we suppressed the CPR artifacts with an enhanced adaptive filtering method. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the sensitivity and specificity for shockable rhythm detection before and after filtering the CPR corrupted ECG signals. The dataset comprised 283 segments of shockable and 280 segments of nonshockable ECG signals during CPR recorded from 22 adult pigs that experienced prolonged cardiac arrest. For the unfiltered signals, the sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% and 46.8%, respectively. After filtering, a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 96.0% were achieved. This animal trial demonstrated that the enhanced adaptive filtering method could significantly improve the detection of nonshockable rhythms without compromising the ability to detect a shockable rhythm during uninterrupted CPR.
Characterization of a novel catalase–peroxidase (KATG) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum

Dinoflagellates are a group of eukaryotic microalgae that have many unusual cytological and genomic characteristics. Here, we report the detection of a novel catalase–peroxidase (KatG) gene from the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum, and its transcript levels under copper sulfate (CuSO4) treatment. cDNA analysis yielded a 1,293 bp complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 431‐amino acid (aa) polypeptide (46.6 kDa). The conserved dinoflagellate splice leader (DinoSL) indicates that this gene is nucleus encoded, and a signal sequence at the N‐terminus of the deduced protein indicates that the KatG protein may pass across the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic membrane, but its precise subcellular location is not known. Unlike the typical KatG proteins, P. minimum KatG (PmKatG) only has one conserved domain (N‐domain). Gene expression of PmKatG dramatically increased with increasing concentrations of CuSO4, suggesting that it functions in the defense mechanisms associated with oxidative stress.
Percutaneous Surgery: A Safe Procedure for Trigger Finger?

Background: Trigger finger is relatively common problem among hand disorders. There are open and percutaneous surgical methods for the treatment. Aim: This study was designed to examine the mid-term results of the percutaneous surgical technique on patients with chronic trigger finger. Materials and Methods: We included 48 trigger fingers of 48 patients (36 females and 12 males). They were between the ages of 42-68 years (mean age, 52 years). We performed release of the trigger finger by using a 14-gauge needle via the percutaneous technique. We performed open surgery on the trigger fingers of 20 patients in order to evaluate the results obtained from percutaneous surgery. The patients were followed for 30 months on average (18-46 months) following the procedure. Results: Following the procedure, pain and locking of the fingers were resolved completely. On the fingers that had open surgery, we observed that the release of the pulley was successful. Only 2 patients had minor abrasions, without any tendon injury. During the follow-up period, no complications were reported in either of the patient groups. Conclusions: Percutaneous surgical technique in the treatment of trigger finger is an effective, convenient and cost-effective method with a low complication rate, and is therefore a preferable alternative to open surgery.
Willful Ignorance in the Request for Product Attribute Information

Attribute information is not always readily available to consumers. This is especially true for ethical attributes, such as labor practices, environmental friendliness, and so forth. Intuitively, it might be expected that consumers who would use an attribute in their decision making should seek attribute information, especially if it is easily obtainable. In three studies, the authors measure discrepancies between requests for available ethical attribute information and actual use of the same attribute in a conjoint task. In both between-subjects and within-subjects designs, the authors show that consumers (1) underrequest ethical attribute information and (2) are especially likely to show request/use inconsistency if they care about the underlying ethical issue. Negative emotions, especially the avoidance of anger, appear to drive this willful ignorance. These results add to the growing literature on avoidance mechanisms and consumer decision making and may shed light on when ethical attributes do (and do not) play a role in actual purchase behavior.
Distant I/O: one-sided access to secondary storage on remote processors

We propose a new parallel, noncollective I/O strategy called Distant I/O that targets clustered computer systems in which disks are attached to compute nodes. Distant I/O allows one sided access to remote secondary storage without installing server processes or daemons on remote compute nodes. We implemented this model using Active Messages and demonstrated its performance advantages over the PIOFS parallel filesystem for an I/O intensive parallel application on the IBM SP.
Detecting Obfuscated JavaScript Malware Using Sequences of Internal Function Calls

Web browsers are often used as a popular means for compromising Internet hosts. An attacker may inject a JavaScript malware into a web page. When a victim visits this page, the malware is executed and attempts to exploit a specific browser vulnerability or download an unwanted program. Obfuscated JavaScript malware can easily evade signature-based detection by changing the appearance of JavaScript code. To address this problem, some previous studies have used static analysis in which some features are extracted from both benign and malicious web pages, and then a classifier is trained to distinguish between them. Because nowadays benign JavaScript code is often obfuscated, static analysis techniques generate many false alarms. In this paper, we use dynamic analysis to monitor a web page for detecting obfuscated JavaScript malware. We first load a set of malicious web pages in a real web browser and collect a sequence of predictive function calls using internal function debugging for each of them. We then group similar sequences into the same cluster based on the normalized Levenshtein distance (NLD) metric and generate a so-called behavioral signature for each cluster. A web page is detected as malicious only if the sequence of its intercepted function calls is matched with at least one generated behavioral signature. Our evaluation results show that the generated behavioral signatures are able to detect obfuscated JavaScript malware with a low false alarm rate.
Adolescent Social Structure and Drinking Behavior

The study examines adolescent drinking customs in the context of the informal social structure of the high school. Teenage drinking behavior was also examined in relationship to demographic variables and parental use of alcoholic beverages. The study identified a mosaic adolescent society consisting of eight informal social status subgroups with contrasting and often hostile values, attitudes, and leisure-time patterns. A highly significant (p < .001) relationship was found between the students' subgroup membership and drinking category. Parental alcohol use also was related to teenagers' use (p < .001), and interesting variations were identified when teenage drinking behavior was studied in relationship to demographic factors.
Computational rules for generating punning riddles

Riddles based on simple puns can be dassified according to the patterns of word, syllable or phrase similarity they depend upon. We have devised a formal model ofthe semantic and syntactic regularities underlying some of the simpler types of punning riddle. We have also implemented thispreliminary theory in a Computer program which can generate riddles from a lexicon containing general data about words andphrases; that is, the lexicon content is not customized to produce jokes. An informal, formative evaluation of the program's results by a set of human judges suggests that the riddles produced by this program are of comparable quality to those in general circulation among school children.
Joint Projection and Dictionary Learning using Low-rank Regularization and Graph Constraints

In this paper, we aim at learning simultaneously a discriminative dictionary and a robust projection matrix from noisy data. The joint learning, makes the learned projection and dictionary a better fit for each other, so a more accurate classification can be obtained. However, current prevailing joint dimensionality reduction and dictionary learning methods, would fail when the training samples are noisy or heavily corrupted. To address this issue, we propose a joint projection and dictionary learning using low-rank regularization and graph constraints (JPDL-LR). Specifically, the discrimination of the dictionary is achieved by imposing Fisher criterion on the coding coefficients. In addition, our method explicitly encodes the local structure of data by incorporating a graph regularization term, that further improves the discriminative ability of the projection matrix. Inspired by recent advances of low-rank representation for removing outliers and noise, we enforce a low-rank constraint on sub-dictionaries of all classes to make them more compact and robust to noise. Experimental results on several benchmark datasets verify the effectiveness and robustness of our method for both dimensionality reduction and image classification, especially when the data contains considerable noise or variations.
Physiological and GPS data fusion

The paper deals with fusion of physiological and GPS data acquired during cycling and their analysis using general methods of multichannel signal processing. Experimental data were acquired during 17 identical cycling routes each about 12 km long including more then 1100 segments of the length 60 s recorded with the varying sampling period. The proposed algorithm includes their initial analysis, de-nosing using selected digital filters, interpolation and resampling in the first stage followed by evaluation of the cross-correlation between the heart rate and the altitude gradient of positioning data recorded by the GPS system. Results obtained present (i) relation between the heart rate and the slope with the positive regression coefficient 6.04 and (ii) the heart rate and speed with the negative regression coefficient -1.67 over all segments analyzed.
An Overview of Russian Sign Language

An overview of current knowledge about Russian Sign Language (RSL) and its use in Russia today notes that linguistic study of RSL is still in its beginning stages, defines issues that need to be studied, and suggests directions for further research. Most researchers of the deaf in the former USSR focused on pedagogy and psychology. An exception is Galina Zaitseva of the Moscow Institute of Defectology, who stands out as a true pioneer in RSL research. Her work, which will be described, supplemented by the author’s observations and fieldwork.
Microvascular proliferation is associated with aggressive tumour features and reduced survival in lung adenocarcinoma

Despite new treatment options in lung cancer, there is still a need for better biomarkers to assist in therapy decisions. Angiogenesis has been associated with tumour growth and dissemination, and the vascular proliferation index (VPI) is a valuable prognostic marker in other tumours. Nestin, a marker of immature endothelium, was previously applied in combination with Ki67 for proliferating endothelium as a novel marker (Nestin‐Ki67) of ongoing angiogenesis. Here, the prevalence and prognostic impact of vascular proliferation on lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) in lung adenocarcinomas was studied. Selected tumour slides from a cohort of 210 patients treated surgically for adenocarcinoma at Haukeland University Hospital (Norway) from 1993 to 2010 were stained for Nestin‐Ki67. VPI, the ratio between the density of proliferating vessels and the overall microvessel density were used, and the cut‐off value was set at 4.4% (upper quartile). High VPI was associated with the presence of blood vessel invasion (p = 0.007) and tumour necrosis (p = 0.007). Further, high VPI was significantly associated with reduced LCSS (p = 0.020). By multivariate analysis, VPI remained an independent prognostic factor for reduced LCSS (HR 1.7; 95% CI 1.04–2.68; p = 0.033) when adjusted for other prognostic clinico‐pathological features. In conclusion, microvessel proliferation assessed using the VPI was associated with aggressive tumour features such as blood vessel invasion and tumour necrosis and, independently, decreased LCSS. This marker should be further explored in separate cohorts, and in trials of anti‐angiogenesis therapy.
The effects of stimuli that vary in erotic content on cognitive processes

This study investigated the effects of stimuli that vary in erotic content on performance during a choice reaction time (CRT) task. Eighty subjects, 20 from each of four groups—heterosexual men, heterosexual women, gay men, and lesbian women—completed the study. Participants were required to locate the position of a dot on slides of nude and clothed men and women as well as neutral stimuli as rapidly as possible. It was hypothesized that sexual interest would influence cognitive processes and cause longer latencies to preferred‐gender stimuli. Subjects also completed an incidental learning task to determine if a relationship existed between stated sexual orientation and memory for stimuli. Results indicate that reaction times were longest with nude stimuli of the preferred gender for each group. The nude stimuli had the highest accuracy rate for correctly classifying groups based on sexual orientation with the possible exception of heterosexual women. Results for clothed stimuli on the CRT task were simil.
Justice and utility in the classroom: An attributional analysis of the goals of teachers' punishment and intervention strategies.

There are a multitude of possible reactions that teachers can have toward students who fall below academic standards. Some of these reactions have utilitarian goals, whereas others are punitive. In this study, the authors investigated these reactions, as well as the situations that determine when these different strategies are likely to be used. Both undergraduates playing the role of teachers (Study 1) and actual high school teachers (Study 2) used attributional information in much the same way to guide their choice of responses to academic failure. Controllable causes of failure give rise to punitive and retributive strategies, whereas lack of controllability elicits utilitarian responses. The stability of the cause moderates teachers' responses to failing students. These attributionally guided interventions are mediated in part by inferences of responsibility, emotional reactions of anger and sympathy, and beliefs in the efficacy of the intervention. The implications of this model are discussed in terms of student motivation and classroom performance. In the public education system, teachers have a considerable amount of freedom to operate their classrooms as they see fit, as long as their system conforms to the guidelines of conduct as mandated by their school district and the law. This leaves teachers with a number of possible interventions for motivating and reprimanding students who fall below their standards of academic achievement. What do teachers do when their students are failing their classes? This is an important issue to address because teachers' reactions to their students can potentially impact students' subsequent motivations, expectations, and behaviors in meaningful ways. In this article, we apply an attributional model of social justice to the intervention decisions that teachers make when dealing with students who do not perform well (see Weiner, Graham, & Reyna, 1997). With this model, we are able to predict whether these interventions are driven by utilitarian or retributive goals. We hope this information will help us to better understand how beliefs about students impact the strategies teachers use as well as the goals teachers have when using these strategies.
The Exocyst Subunit Sec6 Interacts with Assembled Exocytic SNARE Complexes*

Background: Sec6 has been reported to inhibit SNARE complex assembly, in contrast to other tethering complexes. Results: Sec6 does not inhibit SNARE assembly. Rather, it binds assembled SNARE complexes. Disrupting this interaction results in growth defects in yeast. Conclusion: This interaction is important for a functional exocytic pathway. Significance: The exocyst is likely to have mechanisms of SNARE regulation comparable with other multisubunit tethering complexes. In eukaryotic cells, membrane-bound vesicles carry cargo between intracellular compartments, to and from the cell surface, and into the extracellular environment. Many conserved families of proteins are required for properly localized vesicle fusion, including the multisubunit tethering complexes and the SNARE complexes. These protein complexes work together to promote proper vesicle fusion in intracellular trafficking pathways. However, the mechanism by which the exocyst, the exocytosis-specific multisubunit tethering complex, interacts with the exocytic SNAREs to mediate vesicle targeting and fusion is currently unknown. We have demonstrated previously that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae exocyst subunit Sec6 directly bound the plasma membrane SNARE protein Sec9 in vitro and that Sec6 inhibited the assembly of the binary Sso1-Sec9 SNARE complex. Therefore, we hypothesized that the interaction between Sec6 and Sec9 prevented the assembly of premature SNARE complexes at sites of exocytosis. To map the determinants of this interaction, we used cross-linking and mass spectrometry analyses to identify residues required for binding. Mutation of residues identified by this approach resulted in a growth defect when introduced into yeast. Contrary to our previous hypothesis, we discovered that Sec6 does not change the rate of SNARE assembly but, rather, binds both the binary Sec9-Sso1 and ternary Sec9-Sso1-Snc2 SNARE complexes. Together, these results suggest a new model in which Sec6 promotes SNARE complex assembly, similar to the role proposed for other tether subunit-SNARE interactions.
Multilanguage design of heterogeneous systems

Multilanguage solutions are required for the design of heterogeneous systems where different parts belong to different application classes, e.g. control/data or continuous/discrete. The main problem that needs to be solved when dealing with multilanguage design is the refinement of communication between heterogeneous subsystems. This paper discusses the basic concepts of multilanguage design and introduces MUSIC a multilanguage design approach. The paper also shows the application of this approach in the case of a mechatronic system.
Evidentiality for Text Trustworthiness Detection

Evidentiality is the linguistic representation of the nature of evidence for a statement. In other words, it is the linguistically encoded evidence for the trustworthiness of a statement. In this paper, we aim to explore how linguistically encoded information of evidentiality can contribute to the prediction of trustworthiness in natural language processing (NLP). We propose to incorporate evidentiality into a framework of machine learning based text classification. We first construct a taxonomy of evidentials. Then experiments involving collaborative question answering (CQA) are designed and implemented using this taxonomy. The experimental results confirm that evidentiality is an important clue for text trustworthiness detection. With the binarized vector setting, evidential based text representation model has considerably performaned better than both the bag-of-word model and the content word based model. Most crucially, we show that the best trustworthiness detection result is achieved when evidentiality is incorporated in a linguistically sophisticated model where their meanings are interpreted in both semantic and pragmatic terms.
CodeSurveyor: Mapping large-scale software to aid in code comprehension

Large codebases - in the order of millions of lines of code (MLOC) - are incredibly complex. Whether fixing a fault, or implementing a new feature, changes to such systems often have unanticipated effects, as it is impossible for a developer to maintain a complete understanding of the code in their head. This paper presents CodeSurveyor, a spatial visualization technique that aims to support code comprehension in large codebases by allowing developers to view large-scale software at all levels of abstraction. It uses a cartographic metaphor to produce an interactive map of a codebase where users can zoom from a view of a system's high-level architectural components, represented as continents, down to the individual source files and the entities they define, shown as countries and states, respectively. The layout of the produced code map incorporates system dependency data and sizes regions according to a userconfigurable metric (line count by default), to create distinctive shapes and positions that serve as strong visual landmarks and keep users oriented. We detail the CodeSurveyor algorithm, show it generates code maps of the Linux kernel (1.4 MLOC) in 1.5 minutes, and evaluate the intuitiveness of the metaphor to software developers and its utility in navigation tasks. Results show the effectiveness of the approach with developers of varying experience levels.