Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach of Clustering Features for Ranked Nations of E-government 2012

E-government is important for national development. However, the significant features for E-government stages have not been analyzed intelligently. This research proposes a method, clustering features for rankings (CFR), to find stages and features for E-government. The results show that the adult literacy is significant for the beginning stage and the gross enrollment in education for the mature stage. Technically, dominance-based rough set approach is used to generate criteria’s evidential weights of nations’ rankings and rough set is then used to identify the clustering features composed of dependency rules. The rules comprise the most relevant and important criteria and the ranking intervals as the intelligent knowledge.
Adaptive Compensation of Gyro Bias in Rigid-Body Attitude Estimation Using a Single Vector Measurement

The presence of bias in measurement of rate gyros is a performance limiting factor for satellite attitude determination systems. Gyro bias is usually handled by Kalman filtering methods which are mostly based on linearization approaches and lack global convergence properties. On the other hand, the existing asymptotically convergent nonlinear observers take into account the gyro bias only when multiple vector measurements are available. We present an asymptotically convergent attitude estimator which uses only one vector measurement and a rate gyro whose output is contaminated with an unknown and constant bias. The effect of unknown bias is compensated by means of a parameter adaptation law. An explicit condition on the reference vectors for ensuring observability of the system is introduced. A realistic simulation is presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed attitude estimator in face of significant bias in gyro measurement and when a magnetometer is used to provide the single vector measurement.
Investigation of heat transfer enhancement in dimpled pipe flows

It is well established that dimpling of tubes can help enhance the heat convection coefficient. The effects of the dimples shape, depth and distribution on heat transfer and pressure drop for laminar and turbulent flows are of interest to this study. The aim of this paper is to quantify the effects of dimpling on the performance of 11mm ID tubes used in a submarine shell and tube heat exchanger. Both experiments and calculations were conducted, using water as the working fluid, over a wide range of Reynolds numbers ranging from 1500 to 24000, based on bulk velocity and tube diameter. Four tubes with different dimpling arrangements were tested. The CFD results show that a tube with 2mm deep single dimples arrangement, operating in the laminar flow regime, gives the maximum improvements in heat transfer of 10.23% over the smooth tube. The largest pressure drop increase recorded was 102.8% under identical flow conditions for the same dimpled tube. Temperature contour plots were used to demonstrate the mixing effect of the dimples under laminar flow conditions inside the tube.
Moving closer to understanding the risks of living kidney donation

Recent studies from the United States and Norway have suggested an unexpected 8‐ to 11‐fold relative risk of ESRD after kidney donation, but a low long‐term absolute risk. Abundant renal epidemiologic data predict that these studies have underestimated long‐term risk. The 1% lifetime post‐donation risk in the US study requires medical screening to predict ESRD in 96 of 100 candidates. This is particularly unlikely in the 30–35% of candidates under age 35, half of whose lifetime ESRD will occur after age 64. Many experts have attributed the increased relative risks in these studies to loss of GFR at donation, which ultimately means that high–normal pre‐donation GFRs will reduce absolute post‐donation risks. The 8‐ to 11‐fold relative risks predict implausible risks of uninephrectomy in the general population, but lower estimates still result in very high risks for black donors. Young vs. older age, low vs. high–normal pre‐donation GFRs, black race, and an increased relative risk of donation all predict highly variable individual risks, not a single “low” or “1%” risk as these studies suggest. A uniform, ethically defensible donor selection protocol would accept older donors with many minor medical abnormalities but protect from donation many currently acceptable younger, black, and/or low GFR candidates.
Effect of reducing interns' weekly work hours on sleep and attentional failures.

BACKGROUND Knowledge of the physiological effects of extended (24 hours or more) work shifts in postgraduate medical training is limited. We aimed to quantify work hours, sleep, and attentional failures among first-year residents (postgraduate year 1) during a traditional rotation schedule that included extended work shifts and during an intervention schedule that limited scheduled work hours to 16 or fewer consecutive hours. METHODS Twenty interns were studied during two three-week rotations in intensive care units, each during both the traditional and the intervention schedule. Subjects completed daily sleep logs that were validated with regular weekly episodes (72 to 96 hours) of continuous polysomnography (r=0.94) and work logs that were validated by means of direct observation by study staff (r=0.98). RESULTS Seventeen of 20 interns worked more than 80 hours per week during the traditional schedule (mean, 84.9; range, 74.2 to 92.1). All interns worked less than 80 hours per week during the intervention schedule (mean, 65.4; range, 57.6 to 76.3). On average, interns worked 19.5 hours per week less (P<0.001), slept 5.8 hours per week more (P<0.001), slept more in the 24 hours preceding each working hour (P<0.001), and had less than half the rate of attentional failures while working during on-call nights (P=0.02) on the intervention schedule as compared with the traditional schedule. CONCLUSIONS Eliminating interns' extended work shifts in an intensive care unit significantly increased sleep and decreased attentional failures during night work hours.
Differential distribution of the MeCP2 splice variants in the postnatal mouse brain

Mutations in the gene encoding methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) are the primary cause of the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). Mecp2‐deficient mice develop a neurological phenotype that recapitulates many of the symptoms of RTT, including postnatal onset of the neurological deficits. MeCP2 has two isoforms, MeCP2e1 and MeCP2e2, with distinct amino termini, which are generated by alternative splicing. We examined the distribution of the Mecp2 splice variants in the postnatal mouse brain by in situ hybridization and found regional and age‐related differences in transcript abundance. In newborn mice, signals for total Mecp2 and the Mecp2e2 transcripts were widely distributed, with overlapping expression patterns throughout the brain. Expression of the Mecp2e2 splice variant became largely restricted to nuclei within the dorsal thalamus (DT) and cortical layer V in juvenile animals, a pattern that was maintained into adulthood. In contrast, the total Mecp2 riboprobe only weakly labeled the DT and cortical layer V in juvenile and adult animals, although it heavily labeled surrounding brain regions, suggesting that Mecp2e1 is the predominant transcript outside the thalamus. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to measure Mecp2e1 and Mecp2e2 abundance in the diencephalon of adult mice, demonstrating significantly more Mecp2e2 in the DT than in the hypothalamus, which is in agreement with the Mecp2e2 in situ hybridization. The differential distribution of the Mecp2e1 and Mecp2e2 transcripts indicates regional and developmental regulation of Mecp2 splicing in the postnatal mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:526–542, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Floor plans from 3D reconstruction of indoor environments

This paper presents a fully automated system for 3D reconstructions using RGB-D images. A floor plan view is generated from this reconstruction. The system also produces a 3D CAD model that is useful in the context of Architecture/Engineering/Construction & Facility Management (AEC-FM). This design uses a feature-based registration scheme. The multiple-view registration is performed with a graph-based algorithm, followed by a global optimization. This method aims for global consistency and accuracy. The tracking capabilities are tested with ground-truth data from benchmark datasets. Furthermore, two surface reconstruction algorithms are evaluated from open source libraries and select the one which performs better. The experimental results confirm that the system obtains accurate 3D models and reliable floor plans.
A Circularly Polarized Planar Monopole Antenna with Wide AR Bandwidth Using a Novel Radiator / Ground Structure

A wideband circularly polarized (CP) printed monopole antenna is proposed. The 3-dB axial ratio (AR) is realized by protruding a horizontal stub from a vertical monopole and creating a slot on the ground plane beneath the protruded stub. The monopole and slot resemble rotated Tshape structures when viewed from the top. The proposed antenna has a size of 25 × 25 mm2. Numerical results show that the antenna can realize an S11 ≤ -10 dB impedance bandwidth of 85.6 % from 4 -10 GHz, and a broadband 3-dB AR bandwidth of 73.9 %, from 4.54 – 9.8 GHz. The proposed antenna is simple to design, compact and suitable for circular polarization applications in C band.
Study on Motion Management of Helical Tomotherapy Specially Lung Cancer

Lung cancer has been the leading cancer diagnosed and cause of cancer death for many years in China, with a rapidly increasing trend during the past several decades [1,2] The incidence rate of lung cancer in China is relatively high, but is increasing at a more rapid rate than in Western countries. Many risk factors, such as cigarette smoking and air pollution, have been proven as risk factors of the disease [3-6]. With a large smoking population, the growth of lung cancer incidence in China will continue to rise. This article provides an up-to-date description of the epidemiology of lung cancer in China, which will provide an evidence base for future interventions to improve health in China. Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world for several decades. There are estimated to be 1.8 million new cases in 2012 (12.9% of the total), 58% of which occurred in less developed regions. The disease remains the most common cancer in men worldwide (1.2 million, 16.7% of the total), with the highest estimated age-standardised incidence rates in Eastern Asia (50.4 per 100 000). Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death worldwide, estimated to be responsible for nearly one in five deaths (1.59 million deaths, 19.4% of the total). Because of its high fatality (the overall ratio of mortality to incidence is 0.87) and the relative lack of variability in survival in different world regions, the geographical patterns in mortality closely follow those Abstract
Identification of functional regions in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I SU glycoprotein

Single conservative and nonconservative amino acid substitutions were introduced into the gp45 external envelope protein (SU) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The mutated amino acids were those identified as being conserved in HTLV-I, HTLV-II, and simian T-cell leukemia virus type I (but not in bovine leukemia virus). The mutated envelopes were tested for intracellular maturation and for function. Mutants with three major phenotypes could be defined: (i) 9 mutants with a wild-type phenotype, which included most of the conservative amino acid changes (five of seven) distributed throughout the SU protein; (ii) 8 mutants with affected intracellular maturation, 6 of which define a region in the central part of the SU protein essential for correct folding of the protein; and (iii) 13 mutants with normal intracellular maturation but impaired syncytium formation. These mutations likely affect the receptor binding step or postbinding events required for fusion. Five of these mutations are located between amino acids 75 and 101 of the SU protein, in the amino-terminal third of the molecule. The other mutations involve positions 170, 181, 195, 197, 208, 233, and 286, suggesting that two other domains, one central and one carboxy terminal, are involved in HTLV-I envelope functions.
Unripe Musa paradisiaca Fruit Diet Ameliorates Impaired Glucose Regulation Caused by Iron-Induced Oxidative Stress

Excess iron impairs glucose regulatory mechanisms through an increase in oxidative stress. Unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit (UMP) diets have been reported to alleviate diabetes and exert antioxidant effects. In this study, some glucose regulatory indices were investigated in Wistar rats with iron-induced oxidative stress and maintained on UMP-diet. Thirty-rats were divided into five equal groups. Group 1 (control) received standard rat chow only. Oxidative stress was induced with ferrous-sulphate (3mg/kg, i.p.) in groups 2–5 and animals were simultaneously maintained on standard rat chow (group2), 20%UMP-diet (group3), 40%UMP-diet (group4) and 80%UMP-diet (group5) respectively, for 28days. Phytochemical, mineral and proximate analysis of UMP were evaluated. Blood glucose was monitored on days 0,7,14,21 and 28 respectively using the tail tipping method. At day28 post-treatment, blood samples were obtained from each animal; serum was extracted and assayed for iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), insulin and interleukin-6 levels. Muscle glycogen was determined using the anthrone method; insulin resistance, pancreatic beta cell function and transferrin saturation levels were mathematically calculated. Pancreatic samples were histologically evaluated using H and E stains. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, coumarins, steroids and alkaloid. Mineral and proximate analysis indicate the presence of proteins, fibre, sodium, iron, zinc and potassium. Blood glucose on day28 was unchanged in control, increased in group2 and decreased in groups 3-5 respectively compared to day 0. Beta cell function, insulin and TIBC were decreased while transferrin saturation was increased in group2 compared to all other groups. Serum iron and interleukin-6 was increased while muscle glycogen was reduced in group2 compared to groups4 and 5 respectively. Group2 animals had pancreas with necrotic acinar cells and ill-defined islet of Langerhans. These pathologies were not observed in normal and UMP treatment groups. This study suggests that unripe Musa paradisiaca fruit diet may reduce the deleterious effects of iron-induced oxidative stress on glucose regulatory indices.
Investigation of Azipod thruster with nozzle performance by CFD simulations and experiments

ABB Marine is using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations for improving hydrodynamic efficiency of Azipod thrusters. Open water performance of pushing type Azipod thruster with nozzle is presented. Unsteady RANS CFD simulations by sliding mesh approach were performed at full and model scales and compared to experimental model tests for validation. In this study, the thruster is tilted and SST (Menter) k- turbulence model and commercial CFD code StarCCM+ version 9.02. 005 is used. Simulations capture the shape of open water curves (propeller thrust, propeller torque, nozzle thrust and total thrust) very well at both scales. Discrepancies between simulations and experiments are discussed and differences between full and model scales are addressed.
BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA DEL PERÚ Macroprudential Rules in Small Open Economies

This document to evaluates the effectiveness, in terms of macroeconomic stability, of monetary policy rules and instruments of prudential supervision. Specifically, it seeks to distinguish between the gains of including in the standard monetary policy rule indicators of financial stress, such as credit growth -augmented rule-; and the gains of applying, in parallel to this augmented rule, a macroprudential instrument that allows a supervisory authority to affect credit interest rates directly. This analysis is performed using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for a small open economy with financial rigidities, and is evaluated in the context of four shocks: financial, productivity, foreign demand and foreign interest rate. The model is calibrated in order to reflect the stylized facts of the Peruvian economy. The results obtained suggest that the effectiveness of the rules depends on the nature of the shock affecting the economy. Resumen Este documento tiene como objetivo evaluar la efectividad, en términos de estabilidad macroeconómica, de reglas de poĺıtica monetaria e instrumentos de supervisión macroprudencial. De manera espećıfica, se pretende distinguir entre las ganancias de incluir en la regla de poĺıtica monetaria estándar indicadores de stress financiero, como el crecimiento de los créditos -regla aumentada-; y las ganancias de incluir, en paralelo a esta regla aumentada, un instrumento macroprudencial que le permita a la autoridad supervisora afectar las tasas de interés de préstamos directamente. Este análisis se realiza usando un modelo de equilibrio general dinámico y estocástico para una economı́a pequeña y abierta con rigideces financieras, y es evaluado en el contexto de cuatro choques: financiero, productividad, demanda externa y tasa de interés externa. El modelo es calibrado para reflejar los hechos estilizados de la economı́a peruana. Los resultados sugieren que la efectividad de las reglas depende de la naturaleza del choque que afecte la economı́a. JEL Codes: E52, E61
Recent Attacks On Tor

Tor is an anonymous communication network [3]. If more users are becoming interested in their privacy, the need for such anonymous services might increase. The secondgeneration Onion Router design Tor and its previous designs seems to have been under research and there have been rather recent papers on Tor’s vulnerabilities. We will discuss the current attacks on Tor and make an effort to categorize them for further analysis.
An empirical study of the dyadic governance of vertical innovation in France – taxonomy and link with the nature of innovation projects

This paper presents the results of a study based on survey data from 160 managers from French supplier firms about the management of innovation cooperation with one of their client, with a dyadic view. The findings out of a hierarchical ascendant classification and principal component analysis indicates a taxonomy made of four governance types: (1) the “free” type with light contractual arrangement and few coordination mechanisms; (2) the “project-oriented” type implicating largely R&D entities, with contractual arrangement dedicated to the sole innovation project; (3) the “elaborated-partnership” type with complex contractual arrangement comprising mutual commitment and implication of all operational entities; and (4) the “exclusive-partnership” type with contractual arrangement including exclusive commitment, implication of operational entities and joint management of the relationship and of the innovation project. χ-2 statistical tests revealed the existence of a link between governance type and the maturity of the innovation project when both firms are involved, but not with the type and the extent of innovation. This study contributes to the literature on Early Supplier Involvement and on Open Innovation showing how supplier and client jointly organize their relationship regarding the timing of their common implication. Its main managerial implication is to underline the connection between the governance of joint innovation project and the governance of client-supplier relationship, both at inter-firm and intra-firm levels. For managers it implicates to take into consideration these numerous sides of the cooperation when integrating a supplier in an innovation project, or when being integrated in a client’s innovation project.
Decomposing Human Causal Learning: Bottom-up Associative Learning and Top-down Schema Reasoning

Transfer learning is fundamental for intelligence; agents expected to operate in novel and unfamiliar environments must be able to transfer previously learned knowledge to new domains or problems. However, knowledge transfer manifests at different levels of representation. The underlying computational mechanisms in support of different types of transfer learning remain unclear. In this paper, we approach the transfer learning challenge by decomposing the underlying computational mechanisms involved in bottom-up associative learning and top-down causal schema induction. We adopt a Bayesian framework to model causal theory induction and use the inferred causal theory to transfer abstract knowledge between similar environments. Specifically, we train a simulated agent to discover and transfer useful relational and abstract knowledge by interactively exploring the problem space and extracting relations from observed low-level attributes. A set of hierarchical causal schema is constructed to determine task structure. Our agent combines causal theories and associative learning to select a sequence of actions most likely to accomplish the task. To evaluate the proposed framework, we compare performances of the simulated agent with human performance in the OpenLock environment, a virtual “escape room” with a complex hierarchy that requires agents to reason about causal structures governing the system. While the simulated agent requires more attempts than human participants, the qualitative trends of transfer in the learning situations are similar between humans and our trained agent. These findings suggest human causal learning in complex, unfamiliar situations may rely on the synergy between bottom-up associative learning and topdown schema reasoning.
RAISED BY RAISING AWARENESS Effect of happiness self-monitoring using the Happiness Indicator

The Happiness Indicator (www.happinessindicator.nl) is an online tool designed to make people more aware of their own happiness. Participants periodically record how happy they feel on the present day and how happy they have felt over the past month, using the Happiness Comparer. They also have the option of indicating in the Happiness Diary how happy they felt during the various activities of the previous day. Participants receive feedback in the form of a comparison with their earlier scores and with the average scores of similar participants. The theory behind the website is that a keener awareness of one’s own happiness helps users find an optimal lifestyle and consequently promotes happiness among participants. The website has been online since January 2011; 5,411 participants have participated at least twice, and 64% of them used the Happiness Diary one or more times. These numbers are now high enough to permit an initial analysis of the effect of the use of the Happiness Indicator on the participants’ happiness. We find that the use of the Happiness Comparer only marginally increases happiness. The effect of using the Happiness Diary turns out to be stronger. Using the Happiness Diary 10 times results in an average increase in happiness of 2%. This 2% increase in happiness can be compared to the effects of an increase of € 600 in annual income. In addition, we find that repeated use of the Happiness Diary had a particularly strong effect for those who felt less happy when they first used the Happiness Indicator. 1 Erasmus University Rotterdam, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology and Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization (EHERO) 2 Erasmus University Rotterdam, Erasmus School of Economics, Department of Applied Economics and Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization (EHERO) 3 VGZ insurance company, Arnhem, The Netherlands, Department of Innovation 4 Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Faculteit Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Department Industrial Engineering: 5 Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Sociology and Erasmus Happiness Economics Research Organization (EHERO). Corresponding author: veenhoven@ese.eur. nl