Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fault detection of Air Intake Systems of SI gasoline engines using mean value and within cycle models

This paper addresses the detection of faults in Air Intake Systems (AIS) of SI gasoline engines based on realtime measurements. It presents comparison of two classes of models for fault detection, namely those using a Mean Value EngineModel (MVEM) involving variables averaged over cycles andWithin Cycle Crank-angle-based Model (WCCM) involving instantaneous values of variables changing with crank angle. Numerical simulation results of intake manifold leak and mass air flow sensor gain faults, obtained using the industry standard software called AMESimTM, have been used to demonstrate the fault detection capabilities of individual approaches. Based on these results it is clear that the method using WCCM has a higher fault detection sensitivity compared to one that uses MVEM, albeit at the expense of increased computational and modeling complexity.
Neuropathology of bouncer Long Evans, a novel dysmyelinated rat.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spontaneous animal mutants affected by abnormal formation of myelin in the central nervous system (CNS) are useful in studies on myelinogenesis and remyelination leading to better understanding of cellular and molecular interactions involved in myelin repair. A novel rat mutant, Bouncer Long Evans (LE-bo) is severely dysmyelinated, but with exceptional longevity, and its clinical and pathologic phenotype are described. METHODS Clinical observations, genetic studies, and determination of longevity were performed in a colony of rats, including carriers of LE-bo phenotype producing the mutant animals. Comprehensive histologic studies were performed on all perfusion-fixed tissues, and ultrastructural examination of the optic nerve and thoracic part of the spinal cord also was done in rats 1 to 14 weeks old. RESULTS The LE-bo phenotype is characterized by whole body tremor, progressively severe ataxia, and severe seizure activity. The LE-bo phenotype is transferred as an autosomal recessive trait and is stable. The LE-bo rat can survive in good health beyond 45 weeks. Neuropathologic changes include severe global dysmyelination, with thin uncompacted myelin sheaths in young rats forming no major dense line, whereas the myelin sheaths of the peripheral nervous system appear normal. Oligodendrocytes degenerate with apparently progressing accumulation of membranous material in the perikaryon. Large numbers of immature glial cells were detected in the CNS of LE-bo rats at 4 to 14 weeks. CONCLUSION The LE-bo rat is severely dysmyelinated due to inability of its oligodendrocytes to form myelin sheaths. Similarities of the LE-bo rat and Long Evans Shaker (les) rat neuropathologic features, such as severe dysmyelination, lack of major dense line in uncompacted myelin sheaths, apparent proliferation of oligodendroglial cells, and considerable longevity, are striking and suggest that a LE-bo mutation may functionally affect the myelin basic protein gene.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and pediatric epilepsy

Abstract Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is a unique tool, which allows non-invasive in-vivo assessment of the white matter integrity and characterization of the brain maturation process in normal and abnormal subjects. In this review, we briefly present dMRI techniques and methodologies for non-experts and we describe recent studies investigating the use of dMRI in pediatric epilepsy. The study of white matter connections can guide us in localizing epileptic foci. Moreover, it has been proven sensitive to white matter-invisible lesions, network reorganization, the effects of seizures on the brain network, and the development of lesions in children and adults. Taken together, the results reviewed here suggest that dMRI is a valuable tool for assessing childhood epilepsy. However, studying dMRI in pediatric population is a challenge due to the high variability between age groups. In the quest for a deeper understanding of childhood epilepsies and brain abnormalities, dMRI protocols should be tested to determine the most sensitive parameters.
On Applying Fast and Efﬁcient Methods in Pattern Recognition

A BSTRACT . This chapter presents a new approach in pattern recognition which relies on using fast and efﬁcient techniques in the implementation of basic pattern recognition procedures. More speciﬁcally, concerning the pattern preprocessing and feature extraction stage, a novel method is employed in the design of the relevant algorithms. Namely, the Image Block Representation methodology is used in the construction of efﬁcient algorithms for quantitatively analyzing and processing patterns, like 2-D moment computation for improved feature extraction. It is based on exploiting the properties of simple operators applied to pattern representation and manipulation. Second, concerning the pattern classiﬁcation stage, a novel methodology is presented for designing improved pattern classiﬁers based on the concept of effectively training feedforward neural networks using constrained optimization techniques. The two methods, developed in the present research effort as new architectural principles for designing improved pattern recognition systems, are evaluated through extensive experimentation demonstrating reliability and enhanced performance in several real world problems.
Case of yellow fever vaccine--associated viscerotropic disease with prolonged viremia, robust adaptive immune responses, and polymorphisms in CCR5 and RANTES genes.

BACKGROUND The live attenuated yellow fever vaccine 17D (YF-17D) is one of the most effective vaccines. Despite its excellent safety record, some cases of viscerotropic adverse events develop, which are sometimes fatal. The mechanisms underlying such events remain a mystery. Here, we present an analysis of the immunologic and genetic factors driving disease in a 64-year-old male who developed viscerotropic symptoms. METHODS We obtained clinical, serologic, virologic, immunologic and genetic data on this case patient. RESULTS Viral RNA was detected in the blood 33 days after vaccination, in contrast to the expected clearance of virus by day 7 after vaccination in healthy vaccinees. Vaccination induced robust antigen-specific T and B cell responses, which suggested that persistent virus was not due to adaptive immunity of suboptimal magnitude. The genes encoding OAS1, OAS2, TLR3, and DC-SIGN, which mediate antiviral innate immunity, were wild type. However, there were heterozygous genetic polymorphisms in chemokine receptor CCR5, and its ligand RANTES, which influence the migration of effector T cells and CD14+CD16bright monocytes to tissues. Consistent with this, there was a 200-fold increase in the number of CD14+CD16bright monocytes in the blood during viremia and even several months after virus clearance. CONCLUSION In this patient, viscerotropic disease was not due to the impaired magnitude of adaptive immunity but instead to anomalies in the innate immune system and a possible disruption of the CCR5-RANTES axis.
Analyse des intentions d’usage d’un ENT chez les enseignants de lycées professionnels

■ RESUME • Cette recherche interroge l’intention d’usage des ENT par des enseignants du secondaire. Un cadre theorique base sur des approches de l’ingenierie pedagogique est utilise pour proposer un modele hypothetique ayant comme variable expliquee l’intention d’utilisation pedagogique d’une technologie educative. Il prend comme variables exogenes la difference de sexe, les disciplines d’enseignement, l’utilisation des ordinateurs dans un cadre prive et la maitrise technique percue, afin de mesurer le degre de significativite de ces dernieres sur l’intention d’integration de l’ENT a l’ecole. Le modele a ete teste a partir des donnees obtenues suite a une enquete sur l’usage de l’ENT deploye dans l’Academie de Strasbourg. Pour le traitement de donnees nous avons utilise les statistiques descriptives, l’analyse de variance (ANOVA) et la modelisation par equation structurelle. Les resultats obtenus tendent a mettre en evidence que l’ENT est percu par les enseignants de notre enquete, avant tout comme un « outil de communication » via la messagerie, ou encore comme moyen de repondre aux usages prescrits par l’institution.
Challenging the Long Tail Recommendation

The success of "infinite-inventory" retailers such as Amazon.com and Netflix has been largely attributed to a "long tail" phenomenon. Although the majority of their inventory is not in high demand, these niche products, unavailable at limited-inventory competitors, generate a significant fraction of total revenue in aggregate. In addition, tail product availability can boost head sales by offering consumers the convenience of "one-stop shopping" for both their mainstream and niche tastes. However, most of existing recommender systems, especially collaborative filter based methods, can not recommend tail products due to the data sparsity issue. It has been widely acknowledged that to recommend popular products is easier yet more trivial while to recommend long tail products adds more novelty yet it is also a more challenging task. In this paper, we propose a novel suite of graph-based algorithms for the long tail recommendation. We first represent user-item information with undirected edge-weighted graph and investigate the theoretical foundation of applying Hitting Time algorithm for long tail item recommendation. To improve recommendation diversity and accuracy, we extend Hitting Time and propose efficient Absorbing Time algorithm to help users find their favorite long tail items. Finally, we refine the Absorbing Time algorithm and propose two entropy-biased Absorbing Cost algorithms to distinguish the variation on different user-item rating pairs, which further enhances the effectiveness of long tail recommendation. Empirical experiments on two real life datasets show that our proposed algorithms are effective to recommend long tail items and outperform state-of-the-art recommendation techniques.
Loss of Ptf1a Leads to a Widespread Cell-Fate Misspecification in the Brainstem, Affecting the Development of Somatosensory and Viscerosensory Nuclei

The brainstem contains diverse neuronal populations that regulate a wide range of processes vital to the organism. Proper cell-fate specification decisions are critical to achieve neuronal diversity in the CNS, but the mechanisms regulating cell-fate specification in the developing brainstem are poorly understood. Previously, it has been shown that basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Ptf1a is required for the differentiation and survival of neurons of the inferior olivary and cochlear brainstem nuclei, which contribute to motor coordination and sound processing, respectively. In this study, we show that the loss of Ptf1a compromises the development of the nucleus of the solitary tract, which processes viscerosensory information, and the spinal and principal trigeminal nuclei, which integrate somatosensory information of the face. Combining genetic fate-mapping, birth-dating, and gene expression studies, we found that at least a subset of brainstem abnormalities in Ptf1a−/− mice are mediated by a dramatic cell-fate misspecification in rhombomeres 2–7, which results in the production of supernumerary viscerosensory and somatosensory neurons of the Lmx1b lineage at the expense of Pax2+ GABAergic viscerosensory and somatosensory neurons, and inferior olivary neurons. Our data identify Ptf1a as a major regulator of cell-fate specification decisions in the developing brainstem, and as a previously unrecognized developmental regulator of both viscerosensory and somatosensory brainstem nuclei. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cell-fate specification decisions are critical for normal CNS development. Although extensively studied in the cerebellum and spinal cord, the mechanisms mediating cell-fate decisions in the brainstem, which regulates a wide range of processes vital to the organism, remain largely unknown. Here we identified mouse Ptf1a as a novel regulator of cell-fate decisions during both early and late brainstem neurogenesis, which are critical for proper development of several major classes of brainstem cells, including neurons of the somatosensory and viscerosensory nuclei. Since loss-of-function PTF1A mutations were described in human patients, we suggest Ptf1a-dependent cell-fate misspecification as a novel mechanism of human brainstem pathology.
Influence of cell fate mechanisms upon retinal mosaic formation: a modelling study

Many types of retinal neurone are arranged in a spatially regular manner so that the visual scene is uniformly sampled. Several mechanisms are thought to be involved in the development of regular cellular positioning. One early-acting mechanism is the lateral inhibition of neighbouring cells from acquiring the same fate, mediated by Delta-Notch signalling. We have used computer modelling to test whether lateral inhibition might transform an initial population of undifferentiated cells into more regular populations of two types of differentiated cells. Initial undifferentiated cells were positioned randomly, subject only to a minimal distance constraint. Each undifferentiated cell then acquired either primary or secondary fate using one of several lateral inhibition mechanisms. Mosaic regularity was assessed using the regularity index and the packing factor. We found that for irregular undifferentiated mosaics, the arrangement of resulting primary (but not secondary) fate cells was more regular than in the initial undifferentiated population. However, for regular undifferentiated mosaics, no further increases in the regularity of the primary fate mosaics were observed. We have used this model to test the specific hypothesis that on- and off-centre retinal ganglion cells emerge from an initial, irregular undifferentiated population of ganglion cells. Lateral inhibition can subdivide an initially irregular population into two types of cell that are mildly regular. However, lateral inhibition alone is insufficient to produce mosaics of the same regularity as observed experimentally. Likewise, and in contrast to earlier reports, cell death alone is insufficient to match the regularity of experimental mosaics. We conclude that lateral inhibition can transform irregular distributions into regular mosaics, upon which subsequent processes (such as lateral cell movement or cell death) can further refine mosaic regularity.
Nuclear Bar Catalyzed Star Formation: 13CO, C18O, and Molecular Gas Properties in the Nucleus of Maffei 2

We present ~3″ resolution maps of CO, its isotopologues, and HCN from in the center of Maffei 2. The J = 1–0 rotational lines of 12CO,13CO, C18O and HCN, and the J = 2–1 lines of 13CO and C18O were observed with the Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) and Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) arrays. The lower opacity CO isotopologues give more reliable constraints on H2 column densities and physical conditions than optically thick 12CO. The J = 2–1/1–0 line ratios of the isotopologues constrain the bulk of the molecular gas to originate in low-excitation, subthermal gas. From large velocity gradient (LVG) modeling, we infer that the central giant molecular clouds (GMCs) have nH2 ∼ 102.75 cm−3 and Tk ∼ 30 K. Continuum emission at 3.4, 2.7, and 1.4 mm was mapped to determine the distribution and amount of H II regions and dust. Column densities derived from C18O and 1.4 mm dust continuum fluxes indicate the standard Galactic conversion factor overestimates the amount of molecular gas in the center of Maffei 2 by factors of ~2-4. Gas morphology and the clear “parallelogram” in the position-velocity diagram shows that molecular gas orbits within the potential of a nuclear (~220 pc) bar. The nuclear bar is distinct from the bar that governs the large-scale morphology of Maffei 2. Giant molecular clouds in the nucleus are nonspherical and have large line widths, due to tidal effects. Dense gas and star formation are concentrated at the sites of the x1-x2-orbit intersections of the nuclear bar, suggesting that the starburst is dynamically triggered.
Communication Patterns in a Collaborative Medication Scheduling Task among Older Adults

Older adults' medication planning and scheduling can benefit from collaborative support from healthcare providers, and through the use of cognitive support aids. In this paper, we investigate the communication strategies that older adults utilize for collaborative medication scheduling. 32 community-dwelling older adults participated in pairs, and performed the role of a patient or provider in a simulated patient-provider medicationscheduling task. Each pair worked together using an unstructured (Paper condition) or a structured (MedTable condition) medication-scheduling tool and completed two medication-scheduling problems (1 simple, 1 complex). Verbal interactions were captured and analyzed sequentially to identify the structure and content of conversation related to problem solving. Based on the study, we found that (a) MedTable likely fostered interactive communication through more turn taking during conversations, and shorter length of conversations within these turns, (b) MedTable-based conversations were symmetrically structured with "repeat-back" conversations, potentially arising out of the fact that MedTable supported confirmatory strategies by making shared information more salient during interactions. The implications of the results for the design of medication scheduling tools for older adults are discussed.
[An experimental study on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into vascular endothelial cells].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into vascular endothelial cells and the mechanism of its involvement in wound healing. METHODS Porcine MSCs were harvested from porcine marrow, and they were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. After being cultured and amplified in vitro, the MSCs were labelled with BrdU (5-bromodeoxy-uridine). Full skin loss wound was created on the back of the mini-swine whose bone marrow was obtained. The labelled MSCs with fibrin glue as the vector were regrafted back to the donor animal wound. The wound tissue specimens were harvested at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 post-operation weeks and were immunohistochemically stained by BrdU and factor VIII (FVIII) for comparative study. RESULTS Most BrdU positive cells aggregated around small blood vessels in the granulation tissue of the wounds. Only individual vascular endothelial cells were BrdU positive. There was FVIII expression in the cytoplasm of BrdU positive cells. CONCLUSION MSCs were closely correlated with the formation of small blood vessels in granulation tissue during wound healing process. The porcine MSCs possessed the potential to differentiate into vascular entoehelial cells and to participate in wound healing under the micro-enviroment of the wound.
Genetic Structure of Candida glabrata Populations in AIDS and Non-AIDS Patients

ABSTRACT The genotypes of 63 strains (11 reference strains and 52 strains from hospitalized patients) of the haploid yeast Candida glabrata were determined from 33 putative gene enzymatic loci. This enabled the characterization of 26 different multilocus genotypes. Genetic differentiation was found between distant hospitals (located in Montpellier and Paris, France) but not for other parameters (anatomic origins or human immunodeficiency virus-positive [HIV+] and HIV− patients). Strong nonrandom association between loci could be seen. Such statistical linkages were confirmed upon comparing the patterns of 14 RAPD [random(ly) amplified polymorphic DNA] primers from 20 of these strains to results obtained from multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis. This finding suggests a mainly clonal mode of reproduction of C. glabrata. The consequences of the clonality displayed by C. glabrata populations on the epidemiology of this yeast are also discussed.
A Simple Approach for Finding the Globally Optimal Bayesian Network Structure

We study the problem of learning the best Bayesian network structure with respect to a decomposable score such as BDe, BIC or AIC. This problem is known to be NP-hard, which means that solving it becomes quickly infeasible as the number of variables increases. Nevertheless, in this paper we show that it is possible to learn the best Bayesian network structure with over 30 variables, which covers many practically interesting cases. Our algorithm is less complicated and more efficient than the techniques presented earlier. It can be easily parallelized, and offers a possibility for efficient exploration of the best networks consistent with different variable orderings. In the experimental part of the paper we compare the performance of the algorithm to the previous state-of-the-art algorithm. Free source-code and an online-demo can be found at http://b-course.hiit. fi/bene.
A novel spatial modulation technique with interference free simultaneous transmission

A performance-enhanced two-transmit antenna spatial modulation (SM) technique is introduced and analysed. Specifically, this paper modifies the conventional spatial modulation technique by utilising simultaneous transmission from two antennas, couple with the utilisation of short orthogonal codes for antenna identification. A unique symbol to antenna assignment to enable the receiver to distinguish between the different possible constellation points is also presented. To highlight the achieved gains, the paper compares the performances of the proposed technique to those of the conventional SM technique in OFDM systems. The results show that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional one in terms of BER performance. Furthermore we develop analytical analysis for the symbol error ratio (SER) of the proposed technique and show that the analytical and simulation results closely match.
Scalable Game Design

An educated citizenry that participates in and contributes to science technology engineering and mathematics innovation in the 21st century will require broad literacy and skills in computer science (CS). School systems will need to give increased attention to opportunities for students to engage in computational thinking and ways to promote a deeper understanding of how technologies and software are used as design tools. However, K-12 students in the United States are facing a broken pipeline for CS education. In response to this problem, we have developed the Scalable Game Design curriculum based on a strategy to integrate CS education into the regular school curriculum. This strategy includes opportunities for students to design and program games and science technology engineering and mathematics simulations. An approach called Computational Thinking Pattern Analysis has been developed to measure and correlate computational thinking skills relevant to game design and simulations. Results from a study with more than 10,000 students demonstrate rapid adoption of this curriculum by teachers from multiple disciplines, high student motivation, high levels of participation by women, and interest regardless of demographic background.