Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abstraction and Learning for Infinite-State Compositional Verification

Despite many advances that enable the application of model checking techniques to the verification of large systems, the state-explosion problem remains the main challenge for scalability. Compositional verification addresses this challenge by decomposing the verification of a large system into the verification of its components. Recent techniques use learning-based approaches to automate compositional verification based on the assume-guarantee style reasoning. However, these techniques are only applicable to finite-state systems. In this work, we propose a new framework that interleaves abstraction and learning to perform automated compositional verification of infinite-state systems. We also discuss the role of learning and abstraction in the related context of interface generation for infinite-state components.
Saturation analysis of ChIP-seq data for reproducible identification of binding peaks

Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a powerful technology to identify the genome-wide locations of transcription factors and other DNA binding proteins. Computational ChIP-seq peak calling infers the location of protein–DNA interactions based on various measures of enrichment of sequence reads. In this work, we introduce an algorithm, Q, that uses an assessment of the quadratic enrichment of reads to center candidate peaks followed by statistical analysis of saturation of candidate peaks by 5′ ends of reads. We show that our method not only is substantially faster than several competing methods but also demonstrates statistically significant advantages with respect to reproducibility of results and in its ability to identify peaks with reproducible binding site motifs. We show that Q has superior performance in the delineation of double RNAPII and H3K4me3 peaks surrounding transcription start sites related to a better ability to resolve individual peaks. The method is implemented in C+l+ and is freely available under an open source license.
Kinetostatic danger field - a novel safety assessment for human-robot interaction

This paper presents a novel method for evaluating the danger within the environment of a robot manipulator. It is based on the introduced concept of kinetostatic danger field, a quantity that captures the complete state of the robot - its configuration and velocity. The field itself is invariant with respect to objects around the robot and can be computed in any given point of the workspace using measurements from the proprioceptive sensors. Moreover, all the computation can be performed in closed form, yielding compact algebraic expressions that allow for real time applications. The danger field is not only a meaningful indicator about the risk in the vicinity of the robot, but can also be fed back within control skills that implement some well known safety strategies like collision avoidance and virtual impedance control, provided that some environment perception is available in order to determine the points where the field should be computed. Kinematic redundancy for simultaneous task performance and danger minimization can be exploited. The methodology described in the paper is supported with simulation results.
The trials and travels of tRNA.

For relatively small molecules, the biogenesis of functional mature tRNAs is an amazingly complicated process. All tRNAs are transcribed initially as precursors containing 58 leader and 38 trailer sequences that must be removed by processing. Pre-tRNAs also undergo a complex set of base modifications that are carried out by a series of enzymes that recognize specific features of tRNA structure. In addition, eukaryotic tRNAs have CCA added to their 38 ends by a specialized nucleotidyltransferase. A subset of eukaryotic pre-tRNAs also contain intervening sequences, which are removed by a dedicated set of tRNA splicing enzymes. Lastly, tRNAs must be exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and must undergo aminoacylation to participate in protein synthesis. Although the basic features of the tRNA biogenesis pathway have been appreciated for at least a decade, work in a number of laboratories over the last several years has resulted in several novel and unexpected insights into this complex process. For example, it was revealed recently that tRNAs are recognized and exported to the cytoplasm by a specialized export receptor, and that recognition by this export receptor is part of a quality control mechanism that ensures that incompletely processed and mutant RNAs will be retained in the nucleus. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that certain of the various tRNA processing steps take place in discrete subcellular compartments, such that at least some steps of the tRNA biogenesis pathway are spatially as well as temporally ordered. The eukaryotic tRNA biogenesis pathway is best understood in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, primarily due to the ease of combining genetics with biochemistry in this organism. However, virtually all components that have been identified in yeast have counterparts in higher cells, as would be expected for such a highly conserved process. Therefore, in this review, we emphasize recent results from yeast but also draw upon data from both prokaryotes and higher eukaryotic species. We provide an update on what is presently known about the processing events and paths taken by eukaryotic tRNAs following termination of transcription, culminating in their export to the cytoplasm. For more extensive descriptions of the enzymology of end-maturation, nucleotide modification, and tRNA splicing, see the following excellent reviews: Hopper and Martin (1992); Westaway and Abelson (1995); Grosjean et al. (1997); and Abelson et al. (1998).
New Architectures for Digit-Level Single, Hybrid-Double, Hybrid-Triple Field Multiplications and Exponentiation Using Gaussian Normal Bases

Gaussian normal bases (GNBs) are special set of normal bases (NBs) which yield low complexity <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GF\left(2^{m}\right)$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="elrazouk-ieq1-2481408.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> arithmetic operations. In this paper, we present new architectures for the digit-level single, hybrid-double, and hybrid-triple multiplication of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$GF\left(2^{m}\right)$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="elrazouk-ieq2-2481408.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> elements based on the GNB representation for odd values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m > 1$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="elrazouk-ieq3-2481408.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. The proposed fully-serial-in single multipliers perform multiplication of two field elements and offer high throughput when the data-path capacity for entering inputs is limited. The proposed hybrid-double and hybrid-triple digit-level GNB multipliers perform, respectively, two and three field multiplications using the same latency required for a single digit-level multiplier, at the expense of increased area. In addition, we present a new eight-ary field exponentiation architecture which does not require precomputed or stored intermediate values.
The Keynes Collection and Art Appraisal

Using archived and contemporary expert appraisals, we estimate long-run returns for an invested art portfolio: the John Maynard Keynes collection. Informed investors can profit by identifying particularly attractive purchase prices. Consistent with this, Keynes’ art investments beat the stock market immediately following purchase; after the 1950s the collection continued to appreciate in real terms. Portfolio returns over the last half-century resemble estimates based on auction data. Variation across constituents illustrates three issues with auction-based price indexes: post-auction returns can differ systematically from other types of acquisition; portfolio concentration distorts equally-weighted index returns; and return skewness implies that the art investor typically underperforms the asset class.
Variation ranks of communication matrices and lower bounds for depth two circuits having symmetric gates with unbounded fan-in

An exponential lower bound for depth two circuits with arbitrary symmetric gates in the bottom level and with a MOD/sub m/-gate in the top level is proved. This solves a problem posed by R. Smolensky (1990). The method uses the variation rank of communication matrices. A variant of this method is used for deriving lower bounds for the size of depth-two circuits having a threshold gate at the top. <<ETX>>
The QC Relaxation: A Theoretical and Computational Study on Optimal Power Flow

Convex relaxations of the power flow equations and, in particular, the semi-definite programming (SDP) and second-order cone (SOC) relaxations, have attracted significant interest in recent years. The quadratic convex (QC) relaxation is a departure from these relaxations in the sense that it imposes constraints to preserve stronger links between the voltage variables through convex envelopes of the polar representation. This paper is a systematic study of the QC relaxation for AC optimal power flow with realistic side constraints. The main theoretical result shows that the QC relaxation is stronger than the SOC relaxation and neither dominates nor is dominated by the SDP relaxation. In addition, comprehensive computational results show that the QC relaxation may produce significant improvements in accuracy over the SOC relaxation at a reasonable computational cost, especially for networks with tight bounds on phase angle differences. The QC and SOC relaxations are also shown to be significantly faster and reliable compared to the SDP relaxation given the current state of the respective solvers.
Interpretation of Algebraic Polynomial Systems ( Extended Abstract )

Interpretation of Algebraic Polynomial Systems (Extended Abstract) Patrick Cousot 1 and Radhia Cousot 2 1 LIENS, ~cole Normale Sup4neure, 45 rue d'Ulm, 75230 Paris cedex 05, France cousot@dmi.ens.fr http://www.dmi.ens.fr/-cousot 2 LIX, CNRS & Ecole Polytechnique, 91140 Palaiseau cedex, France rcousot@lix.polytechnique. fr http://lix.polytechnique. fr/-rcousot Abstract. We define a hierarchy of compositional formal semantics of algebraic polynomial systems over ~'-algebras by abstract interpretation. This generalizes classical formal language theoretical results and contextfree grammar flow-analysis algorithms in the same uniform framework of universal algebra and abstract interpretation. We define a hierarchy of compositional formal semantics of algebraic polynomial systems over ~'-algebras by abstract interpretation. This generalizes classical formal language theoretical results and contextfree grammar flow-analysis algorithms in the same uniform framework of universal algebra and abstract interpretation.
Phylogeny of moray eels (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae), with a revised classification of true eels (Teleostei: Elopomorpha: Anguilliformes)

The family Muraenidae is one of the largest and most recognizable eel groups. Moray eels are key components of marine ecosystems but their relationships remain poorly understood. The phylogenetic relationships of the morays are examined herein using mitochondrial 12S and 16S sequence data, totaling 1673 bp for 139 taxa. The results of our analyses found support for a monophyletic family Muraenidae that is part of a monophyletic suborder Muraenoidei, which is revised to include the anguilliform families Heterenchelyidae and Myrocongridae, and to exclude the family Chlopsidae. The muraenids form two monophyletic subfamilies, Muraeninae and Uropterygiinae. Of the genera that had multiple species included for analysis, only the type genus of the family, Muraena, is found to be monophyletic. In the subfamily Uropterygiinae, Uropterygius is not recovered as a monophyletic genus. In the subfamily Muraeninae, the species-rich piscivorous genera, Enchelycore and Gymnothorax, and the durophagous genus, Echidna, are demonstrably not monophyletic. The monotypic Gymnomuraena is the sister group to all other muraenine species. The relationships within Muraenidae require much additional study and its genera remain in urgent need of revision. The order Anguilliformes is revised herein to include four suborders: Anguilloidei, Congroidei, Muraenoidei, and Synaphobranchoidei. All four families of the order Saccopharyngiformes are nested within Anguilliformes, recovered as part of a clade that includes Anguillidae; the saccopharyngiform families are referred to the suborder Anguilloidei sensu novum.
Final results of the 94-01 French Head and Neck Oncology and Radiotherapy Group randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone with concomitant radiochemotherapy in advanced-stage oropharynx carcinoma.

PURPOSE We report the 5-year survival and late toxicity results of a randomized clinical trial, which showed a 3-year improvement in overall survival and locoregional control of stage III or IV oropharynx carcinoma, using concomitant radiochemotherapy (arm B), compared with standard radiotherapy (arm A). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 226 patients were entered onto a phase III multicenter randomized trial comparing radiotherapy alone (70 Gy in 35 fractions; arm A) with concomitant radiochemotherapy (70 Gy in 35 fractions with three cycles of a 4-day regimen comprising carboplatin and fluorouracil; arm B). Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Five-year late toxicity was evaluated using National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for neurological toxicity, hearing, taste, mandibula, and teeth damage, and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity criteria for skin, salivary gland, and mucosa. RESULTS Five-year overall survival, specific disease-free survival, and locoregional control rates were 22% and 16% (log-rank P =.05), 27% and 15% (P =.01), and 48% and 25% (P =.002), in arm B and arm A, respectively. Stage IV, hemoglobin level lower than 125 g/L, and standard treatment were independent prognostic factors of short survival and locoregional failure by univariate and multivariate analysis. One or more grade 3 to 4 complications occurred in 56% of the patients in arm B, compared with 30% in arm A (P was not significant). CONCLUSION Concomitant radiochemotherapy improved overall survival and locoregional control rates and does not statistically increase severe late morbidity. Anemia was the most important prognostic factor for survival in both arms.
Neurogenesis in Cephalopods: ＂Eco-Evo-Devo＂ Approach in The Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (Mollusca-Cephalopoda)

Cephalopods are new evolutionary and ecological models. By their phylogenetic position (Lophotrochozoa, Mollusca), they provide a missing master piece in the whole puzzle of neurodevelopment studies. Their derived and specific nervous system but also their convergence with vertebrates offer abundant materials to question the evolution and development of the nervous system of Metazoa (evo-devo studies). In addition, their various adaptions to different modes of life open new fields of investigation of developmental plasticity according to ecological context (eco-evo-devo approach). In this paper, we review the recent works on cephalopod nervous developmental investigations. We show how cephalopods, and especially Sepia officinalis, an animal of economical interest, can be used as suitable models to extend our knowledge on cephalopod ecology and on nervous system evolution among molluscs.
Denitrification measurements of sediments using cores and chambers

Denitrification is commonly measured using in situ benthic chambers or laboratory incu- bations of sediment cores. These techniques are similar in principle but differ considerably in cost and practicality. Despite widespread use of both techniques, it is uncertain whether they give com- parable results. We compared cores and chambers for measuring fluxes (dissolved oxygen (DO), N2, NH4 + , NO3 - and NO2 - ) and denitrification efficiency at 2 sites in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia. Overall, denitrification efficiency was not significantly different between cores and chambers, but fluxes of DO, NO3 - and NO2 - differed. Chambers demonstrated higher levels of oxygen consumption and net fluxes of NO3 - and NO2 - out of the sediment, suggesting that denitrification and nitrification were closely coupled. In contrast, there was a greater relative importance for uncoupled denitrifica- tion in cores as indicated by reduced oxygen consumption and net fluxes of NO3 - into the sediment. We conclude that cores and chambers give different flux results and therefore are not comparable techniques for measuring denitrification. To ascertain the cause of this, we tested the hypothesis that cores failed to adequately incorporate the impacts of macrofauna on fluxes, due to the small size of cores relative to chambers. However, densities of macrofauna were not significantly different in cores and chambers. We then hypothesised that disturbance during core collection, transportation, and handling may account for differences, but cores deployed in situ and in the laboratory gave similar results. We suggest that compression of sediment during insertion of core cylinders into the sediment may account for differences between core and chamber fluxes.
Gna thonem us petersii ( Mormyridae , Teleostei ) Discriminate between Waveforms of Electric Pulse Discharges

Fish of the family Mormyridae emit weak, pulse-like electric organ discharges (EODs). The discharge rhythm is variable, but the waveform of the EOD is constant for each fish, with speciesand individual characteristics. The ability of Pollimyrus isidori and Gnathonemuspetersii (Mormyridae) to discriminate between different EOD waveforms was tested using a differential conditioning procedure. Fish were first trained to respond to a reference signal in swimming to a dish to receive a bloodworm (food reward). The reference signal consisted of a 10-Hz train of the digitally recorded EOD of a conspecific. Second, an alternative signal (10-Hz train of a different EOD, either from another species, or from a conspecific of the other sex) was associated with air bubbles as punishment. The two signals were played at successive trials in random order. O n each trial the latency was measured between the onset of the signal and the response. 7 out of the 8 P. isidori tested and both of the two G . petersii tested associated the reference EOD with food. Among these, five P, isidori and two G. petersii responded differentially (p < 0.01) to EODs of different species. P. isidori similarly discriminated between conspecific EODs of different sexes. The quantity of different alternative EODs which could be tested was limited when fish eventually habituated to the punishment. Even when the amplitude of the EODs was randomly changed at each trial, two out of two G . petersii differentiated between EODs of the two species, and three out of three P. isidori tested differentiated between EODs within their own species. Response latencies to the rewarded signal during the basic training and during discrimination (when it had to be distinguished from the S-) were similar. G . petersii showed differential responses for S+ and Salso in the rhythm of discharge exhibited during playback, after five EOD pulses for one fish, and after a single pulse for the other. Mormyrids may therefore distinguish between conspecifics and members of other species, and even between individual conspecifics, by their EOD waveform. Corresponding author: Christian GRAFF, Laboratoire de Biologie du Comportement, DCpartement de Psychologie, UFR SHS, UniversitC des Sciences Sociales, 47X, F-38040 Grenoble Cedex. U.S. Copyright Clearance Center Code Statement: 01 79-1613/92/9004-0279$02.50/0
Double inverted pendulum control by linear quadratic regulator and reinforcement learning

The paper gives an original combination of linear quadratic regulator and reinforcement learning dedicated to the position control of a double inverted pendulum system. An agent based on a modified Sarsa algorithm is applied to swing up the pendulum. The linear quadratic regulator is applied to the linearized mathematical model of the process in the vicinity of upright position. Digital simulation results show the performance of the new approach.
The Design and Implementation of a Safe, Lightweight Haskell Compiler

Typed programming languages oﬀer safety guarantees that help programmers write correct code, but typical language implementations oﬀer no proof that source-level guarantees extend to executable code. Moreover, typical implementations link programs with unsafe run-time system (RTS) code. I present a compiler for the functional language Haskell that preserves some of the properties of Haskell’s type system. The soundness proof for the combination of the compiler and a veriﬁed RTS requires a proof that the compiler emits code that cooperates correctly with the RTS. In particular, the latter proof must address the boundary between the user program and the garbage collector. In this paper, I introduce a minimalist intermediate language type system that ensures that well-typed programs cannot make the garbage collector go wrong. I also discuss compilation strategies that allow simplifying the RTS. The work I present in this paper yields a simple and safe compilation system.
The distribution of the vasal and cremasteric arteries to the testis and their functional importance.

divided into two vessels of smaller diameter. The cremasteric artery (c.a.) is a verysmall vessel. The epididymo-vasal anastomosis forms a complex network ofsmall vessels at the cauda epididymidis, from which a few fine vessels pass across to the inferior pole of the testis to anastomose directly with one ofthe branches ofthe testicular artery (t.a.). Natural size.
Efficient Channel Estimation for Reconfigurable MIMO Antennas: Training Techniques and Performance Analysis

Multifunctional and reconfigurable multiple-input multiple-output (MR-MIMO) antennas are capable of dynamically changing the operation frequencies, polarizations, and radiation patterns, and can remarkably enhance system capabilities. However, in coherent communication systems, using MR-MIMO antennas with a large number of operational modes may incur prohibitive complexity due to the need for channel state estimation for each mode. To address this issue, we derive an explicit relation among the radiation patterns for the antenna modes and the resulting channel gains. We propose a joint channel estimation/prediction scheme where only a subset of all the antenna modes is trained for estimation, and then, the channels associated with the modes that are not trained are predicted using the correlations among the different antenna modes. We propose various training mechanisms with reduced overhead and improved estimation performance, and study the impact of channel estimation error and training overhead on the MR-MIMO system performance. We demonstrate that one can achieve significantly improved data rates and lower error probabilities utilizing the proposed approaches. For instance, under practical settings, we observe about 25% throughput increase or about 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio improvement under the same training overhead with respect to non-reconfigurable antenna systems.
Direct Growth of Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Networks in Solid‐State Polymer Films for Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Solar Cells

Hybrid metal sulfide/polymer solar cell active layers are fabricated employing an approach based upon the in-situ thermal decomposition of a single source metal xanthate precursor in a semiconducting polymer film. The nanomorphology of the film, the charge photogeneration yield at the donor-acceptor heterojunction and device performance are shown to be dependent upon the annealing temperature. Photovoltaic devices based upon such layers are shown to exhibit power conversion efficiencies of 2.2% under AM1.5 solar illumination thus demonstrating the potential of such nanocomposite films for photovoltaic device applications.