Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyze the effect of phosphorus on the mechanical properties and microstructure on cast iron

Cast Iron FC250 with phosphorus alloy is used as electrode connector in the aluminum electrolysis process at PT. Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Inalum), that is used to connect the rod with carbon anode. It will be crushed after the carbon anode dimension is reduced, that takes approximately 30 days. In order to make crushing process easier, phosphorus alloy then added into such FC250. The objective of the study is determining phosphorus effect on FC 250. The methodology consists of determine the test specimens, initiate such specimen of casting by varying the amount of phosphorus percentage of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% and 0.9%, then perform mechanical testing and microstructure observation on each specimen. The result is, as the percentage of phosphorus in FC 250 increased, so its hardness value whereas the value of the tensile strength even decreased. Form the microstructure point of view, the “steadit” increased as well in line with the rise of phosphorus. 1 Background Gray cast iron is a material that is widely used in industry because it has several advantages, including; easy to pour , easy machining process , is able to dampen vibrations well , the strength is high enough and the price is relatively cheap. FC 250 is a gray cast iron with lamellar graphite which has a minimum tensile strength of 250 MPa . The content of the alloy material in FC 250 , among others; Carbon ( C ) 3.4 % , silicon ( Si ) 2.0 % and phosphorus (P) 0.1-0.5 % , and the addition of manganese ( Mn ) depending on the desired microstructure. Manganese 0.1 %, resulting in ferritic gray cast iron and manganese of 1.2 % , resulting in a pearlite gray cast iron. Phosphorus (up 0.5% ) which markedly embrittles the iron and increases its hardness by 30-40 points Brinell for 1 % phosphorus addition[1]. Phosphide eutectic or steadit, occurs in two distinct forms in cast irons with more than 0,06 % phosphorus. The pseudo-binary form is the normal form, consisting of ferrite and iron-phosphide (Fe3P). [2] * Corresponding author: sambas.achmad@gmail.com © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). MATEC Web of Conferences 204, 05008 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820405008 IMIEC 2018
Pulmonary Embolism Detection and Characterization Through Quantitative Iodine-Based Material Decomposition Images With Spectral Computed Tomography Imaging

Objectives:To assess the diagnostic value of pulmonary embolism (PE) detection and characterization through quantitative iodine-based material decomposition images with spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging. Materials and Methods:Fifty-three patients underwent CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with spectral imaging mode with the simultaneous acquisition of 80 kVp and 140 kVp on a GE Discovery CT750HD scanner to generate monochromatic CTPA and material decomposition images. CTPA images were reviewed for the presence, localization, and degree (occlusive or nonocclusive) of PE. The iodine distribution in the lung parenchyma on the iodine-based material decomposition images was used to identify perfusion defects, which were then correlated to the CTPA findings. The iodine densities for the perfusion defects and the normal lung parenchyma were measured and statistically compared. Twelve PE patients underwent anticoagulation, and the iodine densities for the perfusion defects before and after the treatment were also measured and compared. The receiver operating characteristics curve was generated to assess the differential diagnostic performances of iodine density in distinguishing the presence or absence of PE and the occlusive or nonocclusive PE. Results:A total of 93 clots (51 occlusive and 42 nonocclusive) were found in 19 patients with lobar (26), segmental (54), or subsegmental (13) distribution. CTPA identified 88 clots initially and 5 more retrospectively with the help of iodine mapping. Thirty-three of 34 normal CTPA patients had symmetric iodine distribution. All occlusive clots and 11 nonocclusive clots showed clear evidence of iodine distribution defects. There was a significant difference for the iodine density among normal lung parenchyma (1.89 mg/mL [0.85–3.29 mg/mL]), nonocclusive perfusion defects (0.83 mg/mL [0.44–1.26 mg/mL]), and occlusive perfusion defects (0.27 mg/mL [0.00–0.62 mg/mL]) (P < 0.001). The iodine densities of perfusion defects before and after anticoagulation were significantly different (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristics analyses showed high discriminatory power for using the quantification of iodine density in distinguishing the presence or absence of PE and the occlusive or nonocclusive PE. Conclusions:Spectral CT imaging generated both monochromatic CTPA images for morphologic analysis of PE and material decomposition images for quantitative depiction of pulmonary blood flow and perfusion defects. Quantification of iodine density may be used as a predictor in distinguishing the presence or absence of PE and the severity of PE.
Indoor Air Quality and Asthma

Numerous contaminants in indoor air and their potential to cause or exacerbate asthma continue to be a subject of public health concern. Many agents are causally associated with or can exacerbate asthma, particularly in children. For formaldehyde, an established respiratory irritant based on numerous studies, the evidence for an association with asthma is still considered only limited or suggestive. However, there is no evidence that indicates increased sensitivity to sensory irritation to formaldehyde in people often regarded as susceptible such as asthmatics. Acrolein, but not formaldehyde, was significantly associated with asthma in a large cohort of children. This prompted an evaluation of this highly irritating chemical that had never previously been considered in the context of the indoor air/childhood asthma issue. Because acrolein is more potent than formaldehyde as a respiratory irritant and ubiquitous in indoor air, it is plausible that previous studies on potential risk factors and childhood asthma may be confounded by formaldehyde acting as an unrecognized proxy for acrolein.
Performing honor online: The affordances of social media for surveillance and impression management in an honor culture

In recent years, research on online impression management has received considerable scholarly attention, with an increasing focus on how the affordances of new media shape the impression management process. However, scant attention has been paid to how individuals perform their identity online in places where surveillance is the norm—and punishment for non-compliance to behavioral codes is severe. This qualitative study of Azerbaijan, an honor culture with a norm of surveillance and serious repercussions for deviating from behavioral codes, explores how young adults balance the tensions between wanting to connect, create, and interact in these spaces while still adhering to behavioral codes. Findings from interviews reveal a complex set of strategies young people employ to both adhere to and break free of the restrictions they experience in offline settings. In many ways, these strategies are similar to those identified in research on more open societies; however, the ramifications for behavioral violations are so severe that careful and controlled impression management becomes paramount for Azerbaijanis, and especially so for women, who face significantly more restrictions than men.
A Solution Approach for Multi-level Integer Indefinite Quadratic Programming Problems

A multi-level programming problem is a hierarchical optimization problem where the constraint region of the first level is i mplicitly determined by the other optimization problems. In this paper, a multi -level integer programming problem (MIPP) with bounded variables is considered in which the objective functions are indefinite quadratic and the feasible region is a convex polyhedron. An algorithm is developed for ranking and scanning the set of feasible solutions. These ranked solutions are used to solve (MIPP). The algorithm is explained with the help of examples.
Risk-Sensitivity in Bayesian Sensorimotor Integration

Information processing in the nervous system during sensorimotor tasks with inherent uncertainty has been shown to be consistent with Bayesian integration. Bayes optimal decision-makers are, however, risk-neutral in the sense that they weigh all possibilities based on prior expectation and sensory evidence when they choose the action with highest expected value. In contrast, risk-sensitive decision-makers are sensitive to model uncertainty and bias their decision-making processes when they do inference over unobserved variables. In particular, they allow deviations from their probabilistic model in cases where this model makes imprecise predictions. Here we test for risk-sensitivity in a sensorimotor integration task where subjects exhibit Bayesian information integration when they infer the position of a target from noisy sensory feedback. When introducing a cost associated with subjects' response, we found that subjects exhibited a characteristic bias towards low cost responses when their uncertainty was high. This result is in accordance with risk-sensitive decision-making processes that allow for deviations from Bayes optimal decision-making in the face of uncertainty. Our results suggest that both Bayesian integration and risk-sensitivity are important factors to understand sensorimotor integration in a quantitative fashion.
Interfacing Java with Reconfigurable Hardware

It is well known that Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be used to accelerate calculations that take too much time on a Central Processing Unit (CPU). Methodologies have been proposed to reconfigure the FPGA at run time, depending on the needs of the system. The CPU and FPGA generally communicate through message passing, letting the programmer decide exactly which data needs to be passed to the FPGA. As opposed to message passing, we propose a transparent interface between the FPGA and the CPU, which runs a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Our interface allows regular Java method calls to be intercepted and executed by the FPGA. Conversely, the FPGA will be able to call software methods on the CPU. This portable and transparent interface promotes objectoriented software design for hardware supported applications. Moreover, it allows easy hardware acceleration of existing Java applications.
Landmark Based Position Estimation for Pinpoint Landing on Mars

Many of NASA's planned missions for the coming decade will require a pinpoint landing (PPL) capability, whether for sample acquisition and return or for precise insertion into hazardous but scientifically interesting terrain. Thus, a robust spacecraft-based position estimation system is a critical near term need. We present in this paper a vision-based system, which provides a low power, low cost, high accuracy solution with flight proven hardware. The key components of our image based localization approach are: (1) real-time detection of landmarks in descent imagery, (2) real-time matching of detected landmarks to a stored database, and (3) robust estimation of spacecraft state (position, attitude and velocity) from matched 2D-3D data. We present an analysis of the performance and noise sensitivity of our system and show that the suggested technology is able to deliver a spacecraft to within 100 meters of a pre-selected landing site in a typical Mars landing scenario.
High-Temperature Optical Characterization of Wide Band Gap Light Emitting Diodes and Photodiodes for Future Power Module Application

Article history: Received: 20 December, 2018 Accepted: 22 February, 2019 Online : 06 March, 2019 A systematic study of wide bandgap (WBG) based light emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodiodes (PDs) were conducted for the assessment of modular integration of optoelectronic devices into power modules. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence (PL) efficiency of Indium gallium nitride/Gallium nitride (InGaN/GaN) multiple quantum wells (MQWs) material was studied from 10 to 800 K. The photoluminescence efficiency is calculated using the power law relation connecting the integrated photoluminescence signal and the excitation pump power. A peak PL efficiency of 43.97 % was recorded at 800 K. Electroluminescence (EL) study was conducted on Gallium nitride (GaN) based LEDs in the temperature range of 300 – 800 K. An intensity drop of three orders of magnitude is recorded at 800 K as compared to room temperature. The full width half maximum (FWHM) of the spectra was also calculated from the EL measurements. The S-shaped shift of FWHM at high temperature indicates a strong localization effect. High-temperature spectral response analysis of 4H-Silicon carbide (4HSiC) pn-junction photodiode is performed at zero voltage bias condition. Enhancement of spectral response is observed at higher wavelengths due to increased phonon population at higher temperatures.
University of Miami

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) are vital constituents in biomass: C supplies energy to cells, N is essential to build proteins, and P is an essential component of nucleic acids. The scarcity of any of these elements can severely restrict organism and population growth. Thus in nutrient deficient environments, the consideration of nutrient cycling, or stoichiometry, may be essential for population models. To show this idea, I will present two case studies in this talk. We carried out a microcosm experiment evaluating competition of an invasive species Daphnia lumholtzi with a widespread native species, Daphnia pulex. We applied two light treatments to these two different microcosms and found strong contextdependent competitive exclusion in both treatments. To better understand these results we developed and tested a mechanistically formulated stoichiometric model. This model exhibits chaotic coexistence of the competing species of Daphnia. The rich dynamics of this model as well as the experiment allow us to suggest some plausible strategies to control the invasive species D. lumholtzi. We modeled bacteria-algae interactions in the epilimnion with the explicit consideration of carbon (energy) and phosphorus (nutrient). We hypothesized that there are three dynamical scenarios determined by the basic reproductive numbers of bacteria and algae. Effects of key environmental conditions were examined through these scenarios. Competition of bacterial strains were modeled to examine Nishimura's hypothesis that in severely P-limited environments such as Lake Biwa, P-limitation exerts more severe constraints on the growth of bacterial groups with higher nucleic acid contents, which allows low nucleic acid bacteria to be competitive.
Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Competitive Interactions between NRF2 and BACH1 for Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction

Cigarette smoke has been shown to trigger aberrant signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes; however, the regulatory mechanisms underlying smoke-induced gene expression remain to be established. Herein, we observed that two smoke-responsive genes, HO-1 and CYP1A1, are robustly induced upon smoke by different mechanisms in human bronchial epithelia. CYP1A1 is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling, while induction of HO-1 is regulated by oxidative stress, and suppressed by N-acetylcysteine treatment. In light of a pivotal role of NRF2 and BACH1 in response to oxidative stress and regulation of HO-1, we examined if smoke-induced HO-1 expression is modulated through the NRF2/BACH1 axis. We demonstrated that smoke causes significant nuclear translocation of NRF2, but only a slight decrease in nuclear BACH1. Knockdown of NRF2 attenuated smoke-induced HO-1 expression while down-regulation of BACH1 had stimulatory effects on both basal and smoke-induced HO-1 with trivial influence on NRF2 nuclear translocation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that smoke augments promoter-specific DNA binding of NRF2 but suppresses BACH1 binding to the HO-1 promoter ARE sites, two of which at −1.0 kb and −2.6 kb are newly identified. These results suggest that the regulation of NRF2 activator and BACH1 repressor binding to the ARE sites are critical for smoke-mediated HO-1 induction.
Sentiment Analysis of Surveys using Both Numeric Ratings

There are in general two ways of analyzing people’s opinions about some items in question. One is based on quantitative data collected from surveys using statistical approaches, and this approach has been around for many years. The second, which is referred to as sentiment analysis, is to extract the attitude from a set of text documents, as positive, negative, or neutral. These two approaches use different methods to tackle different sets of data and rarely mixed. However, there are cases where both numeric rating data and text documents are available for the same item set. In this paper, we propose a method of combining numeric ratings and written comments to address the problem of sentiment analysis with some experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Gender differences in the temporal voice areas

There is not only evidence for behavioral differences in voice perception between female and male listeners, but also recent suggestions for differences in neural correlates between genders. The fMRI functional voice localizer (comprising a univariate analysis contrasting stimulation with vocal vs. non-vocal sounds) is known to give robust estimates of the temporal voice areas (TVAs). However, there is growing interest in employing multivariate analysis approaches to fMRI data (e.g., multivariate pattern analysis; MVPA). The aim of the current study was to localize voice-related areas in both female and male listeners and to investigate whether brain maps may differ depending on the gender of the listener. After a univariate analysis, a random effects analysis was performed on female (n = 149) and male (n = 123) listeners and contrasts between them were computed. In addition, MVPA with a whole-brain searchlight approach was implemented and classification maps were entered into a second-level permutation based random effects models using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM; Nichols and Holmes, 2002). Gender differences were found only in the MVPA. Identified regions were located in the middle part of the middle temporal gyrus (bilateral) and the middle superior temporal gyrus (right hemisphere). Our results suggest differences in classifier performance between genders in response to the voice localizer with higher classification accuracy from local BOLD signal patterns in several temporal-lobe regions in female listeners.
Planning Under Continuous Time and Resource Uncertainty: A Challenge for AI

We outline a class of problems, typical of Mars rover operations, that are problematic for current methods of planning under uncertainty. The existing methods fail because they suffer from one or more of the following limitations: 1) they rely on very simple models of actions and time, 2) they assume that uncertainty is manifested in discrete action outcomes, 3) they are only practical for very small problems. For many real world oroblems, these assumptions fail to hold. In particular, when planning the activities for a Mars rover, none of the above assumptions is valid: 1) actions can be concurrent and have differing durations, 2) there is uncertainty concerning action durations and consumption of continuous resources like power, and 3) typical daily plans involve on the order of a hundred actions. This class of problems may be of particular interest to the UAI community because both classical and decision-theoretic planning techniques may be useful in solving it. We describe the rover problem, discuss previous work on planning under uncertainty, and present a detailed, but very small, example illustrating some of the difficulties of finding good plans.
Exploiting UML Extensibility in the Design of Web Applications

The application design and development methodologies based on UML are well-known, widely used in practice and proved to be critically important for object-oriented design. However, these methodologies and tools do not provide specific support for modelling issues peculiar to web application. This paper defines an UML extension capable to refine the design of the client part of web application. Several new diagrams are specified with provide for precise definition of the content of web pages and navigation between them.
Performance modelling of the Cambridge Fast Ring protocol

The Cambridge Fast Ring is high-speed slotted ring. The features that make it suitable for use at very large transmission rates are the synchronous transmission, the simplicity of the medium-access-control protocol, and the possibility of immediate retransmission of erroneous packets. A novel analytical model of the Cambridge Fast Ring with normal slots is presented. The model is shown to be accurate and usable over wide range of parameters. A performance analysis based on this model is presented. <<ETX>>
NUMA-aware Java heaps for server applications

We introduce a set of techniques to both measure and optimize memory access locality of Java applications running on cc-NUMA servers. These techniques work at the object level and use information gathered from embedded hardware performance monitors. We propose a new NUMA-aware Java heap layout. In addition, we propose using dynamic object migration during garbage collection to move objects local to the processors accessing them most. Our optimization technique reduced the number of non-local memory accesses in Java workloads generated from actual runs of the SPECjbb2000 benchmark by up to 41%, and also resulted in 40% reduction in workload execution time.
Options Discovery with Budgeted Reinforcement Learning

We consider the problem of learning hierarchical policies for Reinforcement Learning able to discover options, an option corresponding to a sub-policy over a set of primitive actions. Different models have been proposed during the last decade that usually rely on a predefined set of options. We specifically address the problem of automatically discovering options in decision processes. We describe a new RL learning framework called Bi-POMDP, and a new learning model called Budgeted Option Neural Network (BONN) able to discover options based on a budgeted learning objective. Since Bi-POMDP are more general than POMDP, our model can also be used to discover options for classical RL tasks. The BONN model is evaluated on different classical RL problems, demonstrating both quantitative and qualitative interesting results.
Analysis of scattering from structures containing a variety of length scales using a source‐model technique

Fictitious source models have been applied extensively in recent years to a variety of electromagnetic and acoustic wave scattering problems. This paper is introducing an extension of the source‐model technique that facilitates the solution to problems subsuming scatterers that contain a variety of length scales. This extension is in tune with the source‐model technique philosophy of using simple sources the fields of which are analytically derivable. It amounts to letting the coordinates of some of the source centers assume complex values. Positioned in complex space, the simple sources radiate beam‐type fields, which are more localized and are better approximations of the scattering from the smooth expanses of the structure. The coordinates of the other source centers retain their conventional real values. These latter sources are used, of course, to approximate the fields in the vicinity of the more rapidly varying expanses of the structure. The new approach is applied to analyze acoustic scattering fr.