Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DNS and BIND Security Issues

Efforts are underway to add security to the DNS protocol. We have observed that if BIND would just do what the DNS specifications say it should do, stop crashing, and start checking its inputs, then most of the existing security holes in DNS as practiced would go away. To be sure, attackers would still have a pretty easy time co-opting DNS in their break-in attempts. Our aim has been to get BIND to the point where its only vulnerabilities are due to the DNS protocol, and not to the implementation. This paper describes our progress to date.
Spectral properties of electrostatic drift wave turbulence in the laboratory and the ionosphere

Abstract. Low-frequency electrostatic drift wave turbulence has been studied in both laboratory plasmas and in space. The present review describes a number of such laboratory experiments together with results obtained by instrumented spacecraft in the Earth's near and distant ionospheres. The summary emphasizes readily measurable quantities, such as the turbulent power spectra for the fluctuations in plasma density, potential and electric fields. The agreement between power spectra measured in the laboratory and in space seems to be acceptable, but there are sufficiently frequent counterexamples to justify a future dedicated analysis, for instance by numerical tools, to explain deviations. When interpreting spectra at low ionospheric altitudes, it is necessary to give attention to the DC ionospheric electric fields and the differences in the physics of electron–ion collisions and collisions of charged particles with neutrals for cases with significant Hall drifts. These effects modify the drift wave spectra. A dedicated laboratory experiment accounted for some of these differences.
Radiation dose-based comparison of PET and SPECT for preclinical bone imaging

This project aimed to compare the small-animal imaging capabilities of PET and SPECT. Typical comparison metrics such as spatial resolution and sensitivity do not indicate how well a modality will perform a specific imaging task. Because metastatic osteolytic and osteoblastic bone lesions can be imaged with both PET and SPECT using 18F-Fluoride (18F) and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP), respectively, we used imaging bone metastases as the basis of a task-based comparison. As most tumor progression and treatment studies are longitudinal, accumulated radiation dose to the subject is a concern as it can lead to alterations in the tumor being studied. Therefore, a task-based comparison of PET and SPECT using injected activities that yield equivalent absorbed radiation doses to bone was developed to allow for a realistic and relevant understanding of differences in image quality. Mice were injected with either MDA-MB-231 (osteolytic) or LuCaP (osteoblastic) cells. Mice were imaged the same day on both modalities after injection of approximately 120 MBq of 99mTc-MDP for SPECT and approximately 9.25 MBq of 18F for PET acquisitions, with each radiotracer injection delivering an estimated 590 mGy to bone. Quantification in the osteolytic study proved challenging as larger lesions presented as cold spots, but were better visualized by SPECT in one case. Large osteoblastic tumors were easily visualized and quantified well in both modalities but one small lesion was not detectable in either. The results presented here give insight into the image quality obtainable from PET and SPECT when imaging bone metastases.
COMPARISON OF DISPERSION DESCRIBED BY TRACER TESTS AND NMR PROPAGATORS USING THE SMIM MODEL

Dispersion in porous media has been studied for a long time from breakthrough curves using a tracer. The NMR propagator technique is an alternate way for deriving dispersion from local velocimetry. In this work we compare the results obtained with both techniques on model porous media. Tracer tests were performed on homogeneous and heterogeneous grain packs using potassium iodium as a passive tracer detected at the outlet by a UV detector. On the same columns, NMR propagators were measured at different flow-rates for the same conditions The data were analyzed using a general model called SMIM partially developed previously. With 4 parameters in addition to the dispersion coefficient, the model is able to reproduce two important features in dispersion: delayed breakthrough in dual porosity systems for example, and early breakthrough in the presence of preferential paths. For the analysis of NMR data, the SMIM model is described using analytical expressions reproducing directly the NMR signals, whereas for the tracer data, a numerical simulation is needed to calculate the breakthrough curve. NMR data were inverted to obtain the different dispersion parameters and then the breakthrough curves calculated and compared to measurements. Both techniques give comparable results; detailed discrepancies and limitations/advantages of the NMR approach are discussed.
Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research.

Diagnostic criteria for 14 psychiatric illnesses (and for secondary depression) along with the validating evidence for these diagnostic categories comes from workers outside our group as well as from those within; it consists of studies of both outpatients and inpatients, of family studies, and of follow-up studies. These criteria are the most efficient currently available; however, it is expected that the criteria be tested and not be considered a final, closed system. It is expected that the criteria will change as various illnesses are studied by different groups. Such criteria provide a framework for comparison of data gathered in different centers, and serve to promote communication between investigators.
Neuronal protein kinase Cγ‐dependent proliferation and hypertrophy of spinal cord astrocytes following repeated in vivo administration of morphine

Repeated administration of morphine induced a time‐dependent inhibition of the morphine‐induced antinociceptive action, indicating the development of tolerance to morphine. We demonstrated that mice tolerant to morphine exhibited a significant increase in the level of protein kinase Cγ‐like immunoreactivity (PKCγ‐IR) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The PKCγ‐IR was exclusively colocalized with the neuron‐specific markers neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and microtubule associated protein 2ab (MAP2ab). Here we found a dramatic increase in reactive astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following repeated treatment with morphine, as characterized by the increase and morphological changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐positive cells. Furthermore, transgenic mice that express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the mouse GFAP promoter displayed enhanced levels of EGFP expression after repeated treatment with morphine. Under these conditions, mice lacking the PKCγ gene failed to show any changes in astroglial hypertrophy or proliferation after repeated treatment with morphine. These findings strongly support the idea that the sustained activation of neuronal PKCγ is implicated in the increased levels of reactive astrocytes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord following repeated treatment with morphine. This neuron–glia communication may lead to the development of tolerance to morphine‐induced antinociception.
Pas, a Novel Protein Required for Protein Secretion and Attaching and Effacing Activities of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) exhibits a pattern of localized adherence to host cells, with the formation of microcolonies, and induces a specific histopathological phenotype collectively known as the attaching and effacing lesion. The genes encoding the products responsible for this phenotype are located on a 35-kb pathogenicity island designated the locus of enterocyte effacement, which is also shared by enteropathogenic E. coli. We have identified an open reading frame (ORF) which is located upstream of the espA, espB, andespD genes on the complementary strand and which exhibits high homology to the genes spiB fromSalmonella, yscD from Yersinia, andpscD from Pseudomonas. Localization studies showed that the encoded product is present in the cytoplasmic and inner membrane fractions of EHEC. The construction and characterization of a recombinant clone containing an in-frame deletion of this ORF demonstrated that the encoded product is a putative member of a type III system required for protein secretion. Disruption of this ORF, designated pas (protein associated with secretion), abolished the secretion of Esp proteins. The mutant adhered only poorly and lost its capacities to trigger attaching and effacing activity and to invade HeLa cells. These results demonstrate that Pas is a virulence-associated factor that plays an essential role in EHEC pathogenesis.
Gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia: Vienna revisited

International consensus meetings in Padova and Vienna have attempted to rationalise the grading and classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia (GEN). With its minor adjustments, the Vienna classification of GEN seeks to be more closely in tune with patient management and it is hoped that it is not seen as fiddling around with terms but as a genuine contribution to patient care.
Plant growth regulators and amino acids released by Azospirillum sp. in chemically defined media

Aims: To investigate the ability of Azospirillum sp. , a facultative endophitic diazotrophic bacterium, to release plant growth regulators (PGR) such as polyamines, ethylene, indoleacetic acid and amino acids in both combined‐N and N‐free cultures.
Cooperative formation control in the scope of the EC MORPH project: Theory and experiments

The EC MORPH project, described in [1], proposes a novel concept of an underwater robotic system that emerges from the integration, albeit in a non-physical manner, of several different mobile robot-modules with distinct and complementary resources. This approach aims to afford end-users efficient tools to map the underwater environment with great accuracy in situations that defy existing technology: namely, underwater surveys over rugged terrain and structures with full 3D complexity. The paper gives a brief presentation of theoretical and practical implementation issues on cooperative navigation and formation control, followed by a description of the results of tests carried out at sea with vehicles from different partners, in June and September 2014. The theoretical set-up builds on leader-follower formation control algorithms, whereby formation control is achieved in both relative position (using USBL units) and range-only measurement (using range measuring devices) scenarios. We conclude with the improvements introduced for the recent trials in Girona, March 2015, that will be the focus of work in the immediate future.
The dynamical Manin–Mumford conjecture and the dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for endomorphisms of $(\mathbb{P}^{1})^{n}$

We prove Zhang’s dynamical Manin–Mumford conjecture and dynamical Bogomolov conjecture for dominant endomorphisms $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$ of $(\mathbb{P}^{1})^{n}$ . We use the equidistribution theorem for points of small height with respect to an algebraic dynamical system, combined with an analysis of the symmetries of the Julia set for a rational function.
The relationships between OHS prevention costs, safety performance, employee satisfaction and accident costs

Little is known about the costs of safety. A literature review conducted for this study indicates there is a lack of survey-based research dealing with the effects of occupational health and safety (OHS) prevention costs. To close this gap in the literature, this study investigates the interwoven relationships between OHS prevention costs, employee satisfaction, OHS performance and accident costs. Data were collected from 159 OHS management system 18001-certified firms operating in Turkey and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that OHS prevention costs have a significant positive effect on safety performance, employee satisfaction and accident costs savings; employee satisfaction has a significant positive effect on accident costs savings; and occupational safety performance has a significant positive effect on employee satisfaction and accident costs savings. Also, the results indicate that safety performance and employee satisfaction leverage the relationship between prevention costs and accident costs.
Physiological roles of autophagy in plants: Does plant autophagy have a pro-death function?

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process for vacuolar degradation of cytoplasmic components. Early morphological studies suggested that autophagy occurs in plant cells and predicted that autophagy has a variety of functions in plant growth and development. However, it is only since the identification of autophagy genes that the physiological roles of autophagy in plants have become apparent. Recent reverse genetic studies indicate that autophagy defects in higher plants result in early senescence and excessive immunity-related programmed cell death (PCD), irrespective of nutrient conditions, suggesting that plant autophagy has an important pro-survival function during these types of cell death. Further biochemical and pharmacological studies in combination with double mutant analyses revealed that excessive salicylic acid (SA) signaling is a major factor in autophagy-defective plant-dependent cell death and that the SA signal can induce autophagy. These results demonstrate a novel physiological function for plant autophagy that operates a negative feedback loop to modulate SA signaling.
Literature Reviews as a Research Strategy

Literature reviews have long been important strategies to assess the state of the science. As early as 1993, Broome (1993) recommended literature reviews as a strategy to assist in the development of concepts. Many graduate students in nursing and other sciences learn about synthesizing literature throughout their academic programs using a variety of guides including Cooper’s (1998) Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews as a common reference or Fink’s (2009) Conducting Research Literature Reviews, From the Internet to Paper. Despite years of reporting extant literature regarding a problem, many review reports still lack the rigor that is necessary to provide evidence for practice. The quality of the review may well be related to the lack of recognition that the review is a scientific method. The rigor of the scientific method needs to be applied to the literature review to make sure the approach is standardized.
Lack of significant differences in the corrected activity of lysophospholipase D, producer of phospholipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid, in incubated serum from women with and without ovarian tumors

Several studies have shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a phospholipidic chemical mediator, is relevant to the pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma. Higher plasma levels of LPA have been reported in patients with ovarian carcinoma than in healthy patients, and LPA is known to activate ovarian carcinoma cells. To determine the reason for the increased plasma LPA levels in ovarian carcinoma patients, we compared the activities of serum lysophospholipase D, a novel LPA‐producing metallo‐enzyme, in healthy volunteers, patients with benign ovarian tumor, and patients with ovarian carcinoma.
A 220–285 GHz SPDT Switch in 65-nm CMOS Using Switchable Resonator Concept

The paper reports a single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch operating from 220 to 285 GHz in 65-nm bulk CMOS. The switchable resonator concept by using three coupled-lines topology is proposed and adopted in the switch design. Equivalent circuit models are introduced for analyzing the operation mechanism of proposed switch. The fabricated SPDT switch features measured insertion loss of 4.2 dB including RF pad losses, isolation of 19 dB, return loss of better than 10 dB, simulated P1 dB of 9.2 dBm, and zero power consumption. To the best of authors' knowledge, this switch achieves the highest operating frequency and smallest chip size among reported SPDT switches in CMOS and BiCMOS technologies.
The Dynamics of Norms and Conventions under Local Interactions and Imitation

Restricting the analysis to general 2×2 coordination games, this article shows how under certain conditions, it is highly likely that individuals coordinate on a (pay-off) efficient through risk inferior convention. This contrasts with other equilibrium refinement criteria, such as risk dominance or stochastic stability. Here it is assumed that players are situated on a toroidal regular lattice, interact only locally and, in each period, imitate the last period's most successful player in their neighborhood. If the set of observable players by an individual and the set that he interacts with are both identical and small, pay-off dominance plays the major role in defining the long-term convention. As the latter set of players increases, a risk dominant but pay-off inferior convention becomes more likely. The model also shows that the interaction of two player types in a nonsymmetric game potentially leads to nonegalitarian conventions.
Radiation damage, repopulation and cell recovery analysis of in vitro tumour cell megacolony culture data using a non-Poissonian cell repopulation TCP model

The effects of radiation damage, tumour repopulation and cell sublethal damage repair and the possibility of extracting information about the model parameters describing them are investigated in this work. Previously published data on two different cultured cell lines were analysed with the help of a tumour control probability (TCP) model that describes tumour cell dynamics properly. Different versions of a TCP model representing the cases of full or partial cell recovery between fractions of radiation, accompanied by repopulation or no repopulation were used to fit the data and were ranked according to statistical criteria. The data analysis shows the importance of the linear–quadratic mechanism of cell damage for the description of the in vitro cell dynamics. In a previous work where in vivo data were analysed, the employment of the single hit model of cell kill and cell repopulation produced the best fit, while ignoring the quadratic term of cell damage in the current analysis leads to poor fits. It is also concluded that more experiments using different fractionation regimes producing diverse data are needed to help model analysis and better ranking of the models.
Explanation from neural networks

Neural networks have frequently been found to give accurate solutions to hard classification problems. However neural networks do not make explained classifications because the class boundaries are implicitly defined by the network weights, and these weights do not lend themselves to simple analysis. Explanation is desirable because it gives problem insight both to the designer and to the user of the classifier. Many methods have been suggested for explaining the classification given by a neural network, but they all suffer from one or more of the following disadvantages: a lack of equivalence between the network and the explanation; the absence of a probability framework required to express the uncertainty present in the data; a restriction to problems with binary or coarsely discretised features; reliance on axis-aligned rules, which are intrinsically poor at describing the boundaries generated by neural networks. The structure of the solution presented in this thesis rests on the following steps: Train a standard neural network to estimate the class conditional probabilities. Bayes’ rule then defines the optimal class boundaries. Obtain an explicit representation of these class boundaries using a piece-wise linearisation technique. Note that the class boundaries are otherwise only implicitly defined by the network weights. Obtain a safe but possibly partial description of this explicit representation using rules based upon the city-block distance to a prototype pattern. The methods required to achieve the last two represent novel work which seeks to explain the answers given by a proven neural network solution to the classification problem.
Delayed reepithelialization and basement membrane regeneration after wounding in mice lacking CXCR3

Wound healing is a complex, orchestrated series of biological events that is controlled by extracellular components that communicate between cell types to re‐establish lost tissue. We have found that signaling by ELR‐negative CXC chemokines through their common CXCR3 receptor is critical for dermal maturation during the resolving phase. In addition there needs to be complete maturation of the epidermis and regeneration of a delineating basement membrane for proper functioning. The role of this ligand–receptor system appears confounding as one ligand, CXCL4/(PF4), is present during the initial dissolution and two others, CXCL10/(IP‐10) and CXCL11/(IP‐9/I‐TAC), are expressed by keratinocytes in the later regenerative and resolving phases during which the basement membrane is re‐established. We examined CXCR3 signaling role in healing using a mouse lacking this receptor, as all three ligands act solely via the common receptor. Reepithelialization was delayed in CXCR3‐deficient mice in both full and partial‐thickness excisional wounds. Even at 90 days postwounding, the epidermis of these mice appeared less mature with lower levels of E‐cadherin and cytokeratin 18. The underlying basement membrane, a product of both dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes, was not fully established with persistent diffuse expression of the matrix components laminin 5, collagen IV, and collagen VII throughout the wound bed. These results suggest that CXCR3 and its ligands play an important role in the re‐establishment of the basement membrane and epidermis. These studies further establish the emerging signaling network that involves the CXCR3 chemokine receptor and its ligands as a key regulator of wound repair.
Research of direction-based search algorithm in distributed P2P network

Based on the concept of the flooding algorithm and its improved algorithm the search algorithm in P2P networks is proposed based on the direction. This algorithm dynamically generates a search tree taken the source point to be its root which makes the search processing along the search tree. By this algorithm the production of redundant search packets can be effectively avoided in the search process, the network bandwidth can be saved and the efficiency and network performance can be improved. The analysis on experimental results of two-dimensional digital data and image data fully reflects the effectiveness and feasibility of this algorithm in the search process. document.
Brushless DC motor drive with minimum torque ripple

This paper analysis and compares the different driving techniques for the brushless DC motors (BLDC). First, the conventional block commutation technique used to drive the BLDC is discussed with respect to the produced torque ripple. Second, the modified techniques like the overlap and phase advance techniques discussed as well. Finally, a combined driving technique including the phase advance and overlap is introduced in order to obtain the minimum torque ripples. With a careful selection of the phase advance and overlap angles a minimum torque ripples of 12% has been achieved. The overall drive system is simulated using MATLAB-Simulink and the simulation results were presented. A DSP-based hardware system is developed to verify the simulation results. Preliminary hardware results are presented as well.