Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Universality of Tag Systems with P = 2

By a simple direct construction it is shown that computations done by Turing machines can be duplicated by a very simple symbol manipulation process. The process is described by a simple form of Post canonical system with some very strong restrictions. This system is monogenic: each formula (string of symbols) of the system can be affected by one and only one production (rule of inference) to yield a unique result. Accordingly, if we begin with a single axiom (initial string) the system generates a simply ordered sequence of formulas, and this operation of a monogenic system brings to mind the idea of a machine. The Post canonical system is further restricted to the “Tag” variety, described briefly below. It was shown in [1] that Tag systems are equivalent to Turing machines. The proof in [1] is very complicated and uses lemmas concerned with a variety of two-tape nonwriting Turing machines. The proof here avoids these otherwise interesting machines and strengthens the main result; obtaining the theorem with a best possible deletion number P = 2. Also, the representation of the Turing machine in the present system has a lower degree of exponentiation, which may be of significance in applications. These systems seem to be of value in establishing unsolvability of combinatorial problems.
Association between CFH Y402H Polymorphism and Age Related Macular Degeneration in North Indian Cohort

The purpose of the study was to determine serum complement factor H (CFH) levels in patients of age related macular degeneration (AMD) and examine its association with CFH Y402H polymorphism. 115 AMD patients and 61 normal controls were recruited in this study. The single nucleotide polymorphism was assayed by real time PCR and serum CFH levels were measured by ELISA and standardized to total serum protein. Chi-square test was applied to polymorphism analysis while Mann Whitney U-statistic for CFH-levels. Mendelian randomization approach was used for determining causal relationship. The genotype frequency differed between the AMD patients (TT- 18.3%, TC-41.3% and CC-40.4%) and controls (TT-76.3%, TC-13.6%, and CC-10.1%) (p = 0001). The frequency of alleles was also significantly different when AMD (T-39% and C-61%) was compared to controls (T-83% and C-17%) (p = 0.0001). Level of serum CFH was significantly lower in AMD patients as compared to normal controls (p = 0.001). Our data showed that the CFH Y402H polymorphism is a risk factor for AMD in the North Indian population. Mendelian randomization approach revealed that CFH Y402H polymorphism affects AMD risk through the modification of CFH serum levels.
Combining DHTs and SONs for Semantic-Based Service Discovery

The soaring number of available online services calls for distributed architectures to promote scalability, fault- tolerance and semantics; to provide meaningful descriptions of services; and to support their efficient retrieval. Current approaches exploit either Semantic Overlay Networks (SONs) or Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) sweetened with some ”semantic sugar. ” SONs enable semantic driven query answering but are less scalable than DHTs, which on their turn, feature efficient but semantic-free query answering based on ”exact” match. This paper presents the ERGOT system combining DHTs and SONs to enable distributed and semantic-based service discovery. A preliminary evaluation of the system performance shows the suitability of the approach both in terms of recall and number of messages.
Outbreak of Sporotrichosis, Western Australia

A cluster of sporotrichosis cases occurred in the Busselton-Margaret River region of Western Australia from 2000 to 2003. Epidemiologic investigation and mycologic culture for Sporothrix schenckii implicated hay initially distributed through a commercial hay supplier as the source of the outbreak. Declining infection rates have occurred after various community measures were instigated.
An Overview of Geostatistical Simulation for Quantifying Risk

This paper presents an overview of geostatistical simulation with particular focus on aspects of importance to its application for quantification of risk in the mining industry. Geostatistical simulation is a spatial extension of the concept of Monte Carlo simulation. In addition to reproducing the data histogram, geostatistical simulations also honour the spatial variability of data, usually characterised by a variogram model. If the simulations also honour the data themselves, they are said to be ‘conditional simulations’. In a sense, simulations are an attempt at ‘sampling the unknown’ using constraints, e.g. statistical moments imposed by the data. Thus, in simulation, the requirements of stationarity are stricter than for linear geostatistics (for example, kriging). Geostatistical simulation is much more computationally demanding than geostatistical estimation. However, the exponential increases in computer processing speed, memory and data storage capacity have brought these tools into wide operational use in the mining industry over the past decade. We can generate many (in theory an infinite number) of simulated images. The question still remains: ‘how many simulated images are required to properly characterise a given domain? ’ To answer this we must test the simulations to ensure they reasonably reproduce the input statistics. The validity of any subsequent use of the simulations for risk characterisation will be heavily dependent on how well our set of simulations characterises the intended ‘probability space’. There now exists a plethora of methods to generate simulations. The main methods in use in the mining industry today are discussed and we briefly introduce some less common approaches. Finally, the concepts of multivariate simulation (‘co-simulation’) are touched upon. In conclusion we summarise some of the uses of geostatistical simulations for application to risk quantification problems in the mining industry.
Continuum Mechanics of the Fiber Bundle

The extent to which the methods of continuum mechanics may be used to model the mechanical properties of an idealized unit cell of untwisted but aligned fibers has been explored. An important question is the extent to which the continuum assumptions are applicable to a unit cell of fibers and the restrictions that exist with regard to interpolation of continuum solutions. The symmetry properties of the fiber bundle are used to show that, for small strains and linear elastic behavior, the fiber bundle might best be characterized mechanically as a degenerate square- symmetric homogeneous continuum, which is fully defined by six independent elastic constants. None of the existing yarn models includes all six of the elastic constants needed for a rigorous small-strain linear analysis; however, nearly all deformations of textile interest involve both large strains and nonlinear material deformation, and some of the difficulties involved in representing the constitutive properties of the material are discussed, using a tangent compliance matrix. The novel test methods needed indicate that the fiber bundle has various fundamental properties that have little relation to those of single fibers. The development of better test procedures for the key continuum parameters and consequent improve ments in the modeling of both mechanical and geometrical nonlinearities are seen as important stepping stones to improved modeling of the mechanics of textile structures.
Coordinated Multi-Point transmission with imperfect channel knowledge and other-cell interference

Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is a promising technique for LTE-Advanced systems, especially due to the enhanced throughput performance of cell edge users. In this paper, we investigate joint transmission (JT) and coordinated beamforming (CBF) with quantized and delayed feedback, and we derive ergodic rate and outage probability expressions assuming large-scale fading (pathloss), small-scale Rayleigh fading, and other-cell interference (OCI). Furthermore, we employ a moment matching technique that approximates the distributions of the received desired and interference signals with Gamma distributions as a means to facilitate analysis and simulation. The performance of CoMP transmission is quantified and compared with non-cooperative transmission, and operating regions in which CoMP gains are more pronounced are provided. The versatility of the proposed approximate framework enables us to identify key system parameters, such as feedback resolution, pathloss, and transmit SNR for which CoMP becomes a judicious choice of transmission strategy.
Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization

Based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization, a localization algorithm named multiobjective particle swarm optimization localization algorithm (MOPSOLA) is proposed to solve the multiobjective optimization localization issues in wireless sensor networks. The multiobjective functions consist of the space distance constraint and the geometric topology constraint. The optimal solution is found by multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Dynamic method is adopted to maintain the archive in order to limit the size of archive, and the global optimum is obtained according to the proportion of selection. The simulation results show considerable improvements in terms of localization accuracy and convergence rate while keeping a limited archive size by a method using the global optimal selection operator and dynamically maintaining the archive.
Dynamic Depositor Discipline in U.S. Banks

This paper investigates the presence of depositor discipline in the U.S. banking sector. We test whether depositors penalize (discipline) banks for poor performance by withdrawing their uninsured deposits. While focusing on the movements in uninsured deposits, we also account for the possibility that banks may be forced to pay a risk premium in the form of higher interest rates to induce depositors not to withdraw their uninsured deposits. Our results support the existence of depositor discipline: a weak bank may not necessarily be able to stop a deposit drain by raising its uninsured deposit interest rates.
Temperature-adaptive Insulation Based on Multicomponent Fibers of Various Cross-sections

We have developed a thermal insulation based on bi-component fibers that adapts to its thermal environment, providing greater insulation at low temperatures than at warmer temperatures. The analysis of bi-metallic strips done by Timoshenko [1] for strips of rectangular cross-section concluded that “…curvature is proportional to the difference in elongation of the two metals and inversely proportional to the thickness of the strip. ” We have extended Timoshenko’s formulation and applied it to bi-component fibers of circular and triangular cross-sections. In each case, the curvature resulting from the balance of the axial forces and bending moments has been brought into a standard form inversely proportional to (A+Bn+C/n) where n is the ratio of the moduli and A, B, and C are functions of the geometry of the two components. An important consequence of this result is that for any “n” there is a maximum curvature where (A+Bn+C/n) is a minimum. We have used the process of melt-spinning to produce fibers with circular and triangular cross-sections, varying the proportion of the two components. The polymers used have widely different coefficients of thermal expansion. These fibers spontaneously form mats at room temperatures. The experimentally measured thickness changes are in good agreement with the analytical results for fiber bending. The most effective samples to date change thickness by more than 1.5% per degree C (30% over a temperature range from approximately 20°C to 0°C).
Semantic Enforcement of Privacy Protection Policies via the Combination of Ontologies and Rules

We propose that the semantic formal model for P3P and EPAL-based privacy protection policies can be enforced and expressed as a variety of ontologies and rules (ontologies+rules) combinations, such as DLP, SWRL, AL-log, DL- log, DL+log, and MKNF, etc. Based on P3P and EPAL's original expressions and their dictionaries, several ontologies+rules semantic enforcement of privacy protection policies will be proposed in this study that can be compared with existing others. Furthermore, we express privacy protection management policies as a set of ontology statements, rules, and facts for both information disclosure and rights delegation using one of the above ontologies+rules combinations for two specific use case scenarios. When verifying P3P/EPAL formal semantics, we exploit which ontologies+rules combination will be a feasible information disclosure control scenario under certain conditions. We hope that this study might shed some light on the study of future general information disclosure and rights delegation controlled on the open Web environment.
Video denoising using low rank tensor decomposition

Reducing noise in a video sequence is of vital important in many real-world applications. One popular method is block matching collaborative filtering. However, the main drawback of this method is that noise standard deviation for the whole video sequence is known in advance. In this paper, we present a tensor based denoising framework that considers 3D patches instead of 2D patches. By collecting the similar 3D patches non-locally, we employ the low-rank tensor decomposition for collaborative filtering. Since we specify the non-informative prior over the noise precision parameter, the noise variance can be inferred automatically from observed video data. Therefore, our method is more practical, which does not require knowing the noise variance. The experimental on video denoising demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Redox‐Based Resistive Switching Memories – Nanoionic Mechanisms, Prospects, and Challenges

This review article introduces resistive switching processes that are being considered for nanoelectronic nonvolatile memories. The three main classes are based on an electrochemical metallization mechanism, a valence change mechanism, and a thermochemical mechanism, respectively. The current understanding of the microscopic mechanisms is discussed and the scaling potential is outlined.
Fairness evaluation of a secondary network coexistence scheme

Due to the ever-increasing traffic demands and the fact that the spectrum resources are limited, it is very likely that several secondary networks (SNs) will coexist and opportunistically use the same primary user (PU) resources. In such coexistence scenarios, it is fundamental to guarantee fairness among the coexisting SNs. To that end, in this paper, we evaluate the performance of an SN coexistence scheme in terms of fairness and we show that it can achieve throughput and energy efficiency gains, while maintaining fairness among the coexisting SNs in comparison to other state-of-the-art approaches.
Combined Effect of a Microporous Layer and Type I Collagen Coating on a Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

In this study, type I collagen was coated onto unmodified and modified microporous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds. Surface characterization using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a surface goniometer confirmed the modification of the BCP coating. The quantity of the collagen coating was investigated using Sirius Red staining, and quantitative assessment of the collagen coating showed no significant differences between the two groups. MG63 cells were used to evaluate cell proliferation and ALP activity on the modified BCP scaffolds. The modified microporous surfaces showed low contact angles and large surface areas, which enhanced cell spreading and proliferation. Coating of the BCP scaffolds with type I collagen led to enhanced cell-material interactions and improved MG63 functions, such as spreading, proliferation, and differentiation. The micropore/collagen-coated scaffold showed the highest rate of cell response. These results indicate that a combination of micropores and collagen enhances cellular function on bioengineered bone allograft tissue.
Aminoacyl-tRNA and tissue free amino acid pools are equilibrated after a flooding dose of phenylalanine.

The flooding dose method, which is used to measure tissue protein synthesis, assumes equilibration of the isotopic labeling between the aminoacyl-tRNA pool and the tissue and blood free amino acid pools. However, this has not been verified for a phenylalanine tracer in an in vivo study. We determined the specific radioactivity of [3H]phenylalanine in the aminoacyl-tRNA and the tissue and blood free amino acid pools of skeletal muscle and liver 30 min after administration of a flooding dose of phenylalanine along with [3H]phenylalanine. Studies were performed in neonatal pigs in the fasted and refed states and during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-amino acid clamps. The results showed that, 30 min after the administration of a flooding dose of phenylalanine, there was equilibration of the specific radioactivity of phenylalanine among the blood, tissue, and tRNA precursor pools. Equilibration of the specific radioactivity of the three precursor pools for protein synthesis occurred in both skeletal muscle and liver. Neither feeding nor insulin status affected the aminoacyl-tRNA specific radioactivity relative to the tissue free amino acid specific radioactivity. The results support the assumption that the tissue free amino acid pool specific radioactivity is a valid measure of the precursor pool specific radioactivity and thus can be used to calculate protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and liver when a flooding dose of phenylalanine is administered.
In-situ steam generation for shallow trench isolation in sub-100 nm devices

At sub-100 nm device nodes, the implementation of shallow trench isolation (STI) becomes more challenging due to shrinking geometries, increasing circuit density, and more stringent device leakage requirements. The manufacture of STI structures incorporates aspects of trench definition (lithography, etch), thermal oxidation, trench fill with deposited oxide, and CMP. The thermal oxidation step following trench etch is particularly important, as it can adversely impact transistor performance if not implemented successfully. The STI liner oxide is necessary to round the top and bottom trench corners for good transistor characteristics. With shrinking device geometries, these liner oxides are becoming thinner; therefore traditional methods for STI liner oxidation are proving ineffective. The In-Situ Steam Generation (ISSG) process addresses the limitations of other thermal oxidation methods through minimal consumption of the active area while effectively rounding the top and bottom trench corners of the STI structure and minimizing stress-induced defects. This paper discusses the benefits of ISSG for thermal oxidation in shallow trench isolation manufacture.
Multi‐omic profiling of EPO‐producing Chinese hamster ovary cell panel reveals metabolic adaptation to heterologous protein production

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the preferred production host for many therapeutic proteins. The production of heterologous proteins in CHO cells imposes a burden on the host cell metabolism and impact cellular physiology on a global scale. In this work, a multi‐omics approach was applied to study the production of erythropoietin (EPO) in a panel of CHO‐K1 cells under growth‐limited and unlimited conditions in batch and chemostat cultures. Physiological characterization of the EPO‐producing cells included global transcriptome analysis, targeted metabolome analysis, including intracellular pools of glycolytic intermediates, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, adenine nucleotide phosphates (ANP), and extracellular concentrations of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. Potential impact of EPO expression on the protein secretory pathway was assessed at multiple stages using quantitative PCR (qPCR), reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blots (WB), and global gene expression analysis to assess EPO gene copy numbers, EPO gene expression, intracellular EPO retention, and differentially expressed genes functionally related to secretory protein processing, respectively. We found no evidence supporting the existence of production bottlenecks in energy metabolism (i.e., glycolytic metabolites, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ and ANPs) in batch culture or in the secretory protein production pathway (i.e., gene dosage, transcription and post‐translational processing of EPO) in chemostat culture at specific productivities up to 5 pg/cell/day. Time‐course analysis of high‐ and low‐producing clones in chemostat culture revealed rapid adaptation of transcription levels of amino acid catabolic genes in favor of EPO production within nine generations. Interestingly, the adaptation was followed by an increase in specific EPO productivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2373–2387. © 2015 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient fork-linearizable access to untrusted shared memory

When data is stored on a faulty server that is accessed concurrently by multiple clients, the server may present inconsistent data to different clients. For example, the server might complete a write operation of one client, but respond with stale data to another client. Mazières and Shasha (PODC 2002) introduced the notion of fork-consistency, also called fork-linearizability, which ensures that the operations seen by every client are linearizable and guarantees that if the server causes the views of two clients to differ in a single operation, they may never again see each other's updates after that without the server being exposed as faulty. In this paper, we improve the communication complexity of their fork-linearizable storage access protocol with n clients from Ω(n2) to O(n). We also prove that in every such protocol, a reader must wait for a concurrent writer. This explains a seeming limitation of their and of our improved protocol. Furthermore, we give novel characterizations of fork-linearizability and prove that it is neither stronger nor weaker than sequential consistency.
SPIDER Retrieval System at TREC-5

The ETH group participated in this year's TREC in the following tracks: automatic adhoc (long and short), the manual adhoc, routing and confusion. We also did some experiments on the Chinese data which were not submitted. While for adhoc we relied mainly on methods which were well evaluated in previous TRECs, we successfully tried completely new techniques for the routing task and the confusion task: for routing we found an optimal feature selection method and included co-occurrence data into the retrieval function; for confusion we applied a robust probabilistic technique for estimating feature frequencies
Interactive force control of an elastically actuated bi-articular two-link manipulator

In this paper, elastically actuated bi-articular manipulator is developed using a novel compact planetary geared elastic actuator. The newly developed SEA, which is compact and has little backlash, can achieve high force control performance. The configuration of the developed manipulator is designed based on the bi-articular muscle coordination, which can simplify the kinematics of the manipulator. The SEA and bi-articular actuator configuration of the developed manipulator can achieve high performance force control in the workspace, and thus can be utilized for various applications related to the service robot. The mechanism and control algorithm of the novel SEA, and the novel kinematics and dynamics of the developed manipulator are introduced in this paper. Impedance controller is designed based on the kinematics and dynamics of the manipulator and its performance is verified through experiments.