Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite-time attitude control of spacecraft

In this paper, we propose two finite-time control laws for rigid spacecraft. We use quaternion for attitude representation and employ the Lagrange-like model for convenience of system design. First, by using the finite-time control method, a full-state feedback control scheme is presented. Then, considering no angular velocity measurement can be obtained, we propose a finite-time control law. Under the proposed control laws, the attitude of spacecraft converge to desired attitude in finite time.
Acute and long-term treatment and prevention of relapse of obsessive-compulsive disorder with paroxetine.

BACKGROUND Limited information is available regarding optimal dosing or long-term pharmacotherapy with serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study evaluated the acute safety and efficacy and long-term efficacy, safety, and impact on relapse prevention of paroxetine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD We enrolled 348 outpatients with DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder in phase 1, a 12-week randomized, double-blind, parallel study of fixed doses of paroxetine (20 mg/day, 40 mg/day, or 60 mg/day) and placebo. In phase 2, 263 phase 1 completers were enrolled in 6 months of flexibly dosed open-label paroxetine treatment. In phase 3, 105 responders to open-label paroxetine were randomized to 6-month double-blind, fixed-dose, parallel paroxetine/placebo treatment to evaluate long-term efficacy, safety, and impact on relapse prevention. The study was conducted from July 1991 to February 1994. RESULTS Patients in phase 1 acute treatment receiving 40 mg/day or 60 mg/day of paroxetine improved significantly (p < .05) more than those receiving placebo; the mean reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale score was 25% on 40 mg/day of paroxetine and 29% on 60 mg/day compared with 13% on placebo. During phase 3, long-term treatment, a greater proportion of placebo- (59%) than paroxetine-treated (38%) patients relapsed. Paroxetine was well tolerated at all doses, with no significant increase in frequency of adverse events during long-term compared with short-term therapy. Greater adverse events in the placebo than in the paroxetine group in phase 3 probably represent a discontinuation effect. CONCLUSION Paroxetine doses of 40 mg/day and 60 mg/day (but not 20 mg/day) are effective in treating acute obsessive-compulsive disorder. Long-term treatment with paroxetine is effective and safe, decreases the rate of relapse, and lengthens the time to relapse.
Inactivation by sequence-specific methylations of adenovirus promoters in a cell-free transcription system

Studies on the biochemical mechanism of promoter inhibition or inactivation by sequence-specific promoter methylations necessitated the development of a cell-free transcription system that responded to in vitro promoter methylations. Such systems were hitherto not available. In nuclear extracts from HeLa cells, the activities of two adenovirus type 2 promoters in the nonmethylated and methylated forms were compared. The late E2A promoter in vitro methylated at three 5'-CCGG-3' (HpaII) sequences at nucleotides -215, +6, and +24, or the major late promoter in vitro methylated at nucleotide -52 in the 5'-CCGG-3' sequence or at nucleotide -13 in the 5'-GCGC-3' (HhaI) sequence exhibited strikingly lower activities than did the nonmethylated constructs or exhibited no activity at all. The designated nucleotide positions were calculated relative to the cap sites of the two promoters. Upon in vitro transcription, the methylation pattern of the E2A late promoter was shown to be stable. For the inhibitory effects by sequence-specific methylations to be elicited, circular templates had to be used, the DNA titers had to be at critical levels for each extract, and high protein concentrations had to be maintained. When a template mixture of the nonmethylated major late promoter and the 5'-CCGG-3' methylated late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 DNA was used, the major late promoter was active and the methylated late E2A promoter was inhibited or inactivated. Activity levels of the two different promoters could be assessed simultaneously in the same assay due to differences in lengths between the products of transcription from the late E2A and major late promoters. Thus inhibition in the cell-free system could be proven to be specific for the methylated promoter. We are currently pursuing the hypothesis that cellular factors are crucial in recognizing methylated promoters and somehow participate in their inactivation.
Modulating Effect of Regional Myocardial Performance on Local Myocardial Perfusion in the Dog

We studied the effect of regional contractile performance on regional coronary blood flow and flow distribution in 10 dogs. The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery was cannulated and perfused. Maximal vasodilation was obtained with adenosine. Consequently, variations of LAD flow reflected changes of extravascular resistance, lidocaine injected in the LAD caused a localized reduction of contractile performance as shown by the absence of systolic wall thickening. Global left ventricular performance and pressure were unchanged. Coronary extravascular resistance diminished and LAD flow increased from 4.8 ± 0.5 to 6.2 ± 0.6 ml/min per g (P< 0.02). The endocardia! : epicardial ratio increased from 1.02 ± 0.07 to 1.28 ± 0.07 (P < 0.001). Isoproterenol in the LAD augmented systolic wall thickening. Regional coronary flow diminished from 5.1 ± 0.5 to 3.3 ± 0.4 ml/ min per g (P < 0.001), and the endocardia! :epicardial ratio diminished from 1.08 ± 0.07 to 0.75 ± 0.07 (P < 0.01). These data indicate that myocardial contractility is a major component of extravascular coronary resistance and is a mechanical determinant of coronary blood flow and its transmural distribution. Circ Res 45: 634-841, 1979
Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma related to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer in a patient with a novel heterozygous complex deletion in the MSH2 gene

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal disorder caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Tumors of the HNPCC‐spectrum are associated with microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of MMR protein expression. Lymphomas are not considered to be HNPCC‐related tumors. We report and analyze a case of an HNPCC patient with three colorectal cancers and a B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. Quantitative multiplex PCR of short fluorescent fragments detected a novel MSH2 rearrangement involving exons 9 and 10, which proved to be the pathogenic cause of the disease in the family. Tumor tissues including the lymphoma showed MSI and loss of MSH2 expression. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification analysis revealed a somatic loss of the wild‐type MSH2 allele in the lymphoma. These results support the fact that the total loss of a MMR gene can lead to lymphomagenesis, as seen in biallelic MMR‐deficient families and knockout mice. Moreover, this is the first report of a B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma with a loss of the MSH2 protein expression, linked to a heterozygous germline MSH2 mutation in an HNPCC family. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Model Guided Security Analysis Approach for Android Applications

Revealing security vulnerabilities is one of great challenges for the Android ecosystem. Static analysis is the usual approach of the security analysis for computer software. However, it is undirected and time-consuming for the common static analysis methods to analyze the entire Android application systematically from the main entry point. In order to adapt to the event-driven feature of Android applications, a model guided security analysis approach for Android applications is introduced and implemented into the prototype tool MSAS. This approach builds and utilizes the Operation Security Model to guide the targeted analysis process, and then concentrate on the identified analysis surface to reduce analysis workload, thereby achieving fast analysis speed and on-demand code coverage based on the security rules. The test result shows that this approach can improve the efficiency and effect of security analysis for Android applications, and it has revealed 11 security vulnerabilities by analyzing several popular Android applications.
Restricted DCJ Model: Rearrangement Problems with Chromosome Reincorporation

We study three classical problems of genome rearrangement--sorting, halving, and the median problem--in a restricted double cut and join (DCJ) model. In the DCJ model, introduced by Yancopoulos et al., we can represent rearrangement events that happen in multichromosomal genomes, such as inversions, translocations, fusions, and fissions. Two DCJ operations can mimic transpositions or block interchanges by first extracting an appropriate segment of a chromosome, creating a temporary circular chromosome, and then reinserting it in its proper place. In the restricted model, we are concerned with multichromosomal linear genomes and we require that each circular excision is immediately followed by its reincorporation. Existing linear-time DCJ sorting and halving algorithms ignore this reincorporation constraint. In this article, we propose a new algorithm for the restricted sorting problem running in O(n log n) time, thus improving on the known quadratic time algorithm. We solve the restricted halving problem and give an algorithm that computes a multilinear halved genome in linear time. Finally, we show that the restricted median problem is NP-hard as conjectured.
Transport Capacity Analysis of Wireless In-Band Full Duplex Ad Hoc Networks

This paper investigates the transport capacity of full-duplex ad hoc networks based on stochastic geometry. Unlike the more traditional half duplex nodes, full duplex wireless equipment can exchange data simultaneously over the same spectrum band. While full duplex transmission represents a promising mechanism to improve spectrum efficiency, the inevitable rise of interference from more transmitting nodes can also lower the rate of successful transmissions in ad hoc full duplex networks. We study the transport capacity of ad hoc full duplex networks by analyzing the successful packet decoding rate in both the physical link model and the protocol link model. We derive a new upper bound and a new lower bound for the network transport capacity, which can be used to lower complexity approximate analysis of the network transport capacity. We further determine the optimal transmission probability for maximizing network throughput and quantify the potential benefit of full duplex nodes. In both physical and protocol link models, our analysis shows that full duplex networks can nearly double the transport capacity against half duplex only with relatively small paired link distance. As the paired link distance grows, the transport capacity gain of full duplex networks begins to degrade.
Image fusion based on TV-L1 function

This paper solves the image fusion problem by TV-L1 energy function. The energy function mainly consists of two components. One ensures the injection of correlated detail spatial information by using the total variation (TV) method. The other integrates the detail information from gradient representation into the fused result based on the TV method. The spectral information is preserved through L1 norm based on data fitting term. The main feature of the fusion formulation is that it obtains more accurate spectral information through L1 norm and directly injects the fused result with the spatial gradient information with TV term. Since the energy function is non-smooth, the corresponding fused band with the minimum energy is obtained through primal-dual hybrid gradient algorithm. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over some classical methods.
Rapid screening and comparison of human microsatellite markers in baboons: allele size is conserved, but allele number is not.

We have developed a rapid screening method for cross-species amplification of homologous microsatellite loci and studied some of the characteristics of those loci in the species of origin (human) and the test species (baboon). We tested a matrix of 64 combinations of magnesium concentration and annealing temperature, and after screening over 750 markers with that system, we found that 32 of those combinations account for >99% of the loci that could be amplified across species. This number of test conditions can be further reduced to 6 conditions when a touchdown PCR profile is used instead of traditional 3-step PCR. When the test primers are used to amplify batched DNA samples, and fluorescently labeled dNTPs are incorporated into the PCR product, the products from the best set of conditions can be loaded directly onto an automated sequencer, and the number of alleles, allele size range, and approximate allele frequencies can be estimated from one lane per locus. We were able to optimize conditions for automated microsatellite genotyping in baboons for 24.3% of the loci screened, resulting in a panel of over 280 genetic markers suitable for genetic analysis of baboons. Analysis of 139 markers for which we had completed human and baboon genotyping indicated that there was no correlation between numbers of alleles in humans and in baboons, but a high correlation between median allele sizes. There is no indication of directional selection for increased human microsatellite size.
Effects of environmental parameters on the formation and turnover of acetate by forest soils

The capacity to form acetate from endogenous matter was a common property of diverse forest soils when incubated under anaerobic conditions. At 15 to 20(deg)C, acetate synthesis occurred without appreciable delay when forest soils were incubated as buffered suspensions or in microcosms at various percentages of their maximum water holding capacity. Rates for acetate formation with soil suspensions ranged from 35 to 220 (mu)g of acetate per g (dry weight) of soil per 24 h, and maximal acetate concentrations obtained in soil suspensions were two- to threefold greater than those obtained with soil microcosms at the average water holding capacity of the soil. Cellobiose degradation in soil suspensions yielded H(inf2) as a transient product. Under anaerobic conditions, supplemental H(inf2) and CO(inf2) were directed towards the acetogenic synthesis of acetate, and enrichments yielded a syringate-H(inf2)-consuming acetogenic consortium. At in situ temperatures, acetate was a relatively stable anaerobic end product; however, extended incubation periods induced acetoclastic methanogenesis and sulfate reduction. Higher mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures greatly enhanced the capacity of soils to form methane. Although methanogenic and sulfate-reducing activities under in situ-relevant conditions were negligible, these findings nonetheless demonstrated the occurrence of methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria in these aerated terrestrial soils. In contrast to the protracted stability of acetate under anaerobic conditions at 15 to 20(deg)C with unsupplemented soils, acetate formed by forest soils was rapidly consumed in the presence of oxygen and nitrate, and substrate-product stoichiometries indicated that acetate turnover was coupled to oxygen-dependent respiration and denitrification. The collective results suggest that acetate formed under anaerobic conditions might constitute a trophic link between anaerobic and aerobic processes in forest soils.
GelMA-Encapsulated hDPSCs and HUVECs for Dental Pulp Regeneration

Pulpal revascularization is commonly used in the dental clinic to obtain apical closure of immature permanent teeth with thin dentinal walls. Although sometimes successful, stimulating bleeding from the periapical area of the tooth can be challenging and in turn may deleteriously affect tooth root maturation. Our objective here was to define reliable methods to regenerate pulp-like tissues in tooth root segments (RSs). G1 RSs were injected with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) encapsulated in 5% gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel. G2 RSs injected with acellular GelMA alone, and G3 empty RSs were used as controls. White mineral trioxide aggregate was used to seal one end of the tooth root segment, while the other was left open. Samples were cultured in vitro in osteogenic media (OM) for 13 d and then implanted subcutaneously in nude rats for 4 and 8 wk. At least 5 sample replicates were used for each experimental group. Analyses of harvested samples found that robust pulp-like tissues formed in G1, GelMA encapsulated hDPSC/HUVEC-filled RSs, and less cellularized host cell–derived pulp-like tissue was observed in the G2 acellular GelMA and G3 empty RS groups. Of importance, only the G1, hDPSC/HUVEC-encapsulated GelMA constructs formed pulp cells that attached to the inner dentin surface of the RS and infiltrated into the dentin tubules. Immunofluorescent (IF) histochemical analysis showed that GelMA supported hDPSC/HUVEC cell attachment and proliferation and also provided attachment for infiltrating host cells. Human cell-seeded GelMA hydrogels promoted the establishment of well-organized neovasculature formation. In contrast, acellular GelMA and empty RS constructs supported the formation of less organized host-derived vasculature formation. Together, these results identify GelMA hydrogel combined with hDPSC/HUVECs as a promising new clinically relevant pulpal revascularization treatment to regenerate human dental pulp tissues.
Robust and fast text-line extraction using local linearity of the text-line

Text region extraction is a necessary process before character recognition is done for document images. This paper describes a new algorithm, Linear Segment Linking (LSL), for text-line extraction from document images. The algorithm groups together the piecewise linear elements in the document images, which may be assumed to be text lines, and then extracts them from the images. The algorithm requires less knowledge about document structure and is robust for distortion of the image. The primitive rectangles are introduced for the intermediate representation of image. It is easier and faster to create them than the usual circumscribing rectangles. A method of splitting the bridges between neighboring text lines is proposed. Combining the bridge splitting process with the text line extraction, the locally touching text lines will be extracted as individual ones.
Occupational health hazards in the interventional laboratory: Time for a safer environment

This document is a consensus statement by the major American societies of physicians who work in the interventional laboratory environment. It reviews available data on the prevalence of occupational health risks and summarizes ongoing epidemiologic studies designed to further elucidate these risks. Its purpose is to affirm that the interventional laboratory poses workplace hazards that must be acknowledged, better understood, and mitigated to the greatest extent possible. Vigorous efforts are advocated to reduce these hazards. Interventional physicians and their professional societies, working together with industry, should strive toward minimizing operator radiation exposure, eliminating the need for personal protective apparel, and ending the orthopedic and ergonomic consequences of the interventional laboratory work environment. © SIR, 2009.
Placental Hypomethylation Is More Pronounced in Genomic Loci Devoid of Retroelements

The human placenta is hypomethylated compared to somatic tissues. However, the degree and specificity of placental hypomethylation across the genome is unclear. We assessed genome-wide methylation of the human placenta and compared it to that of the neutrophil, a representative homogeneous somatic cell. We observed global hypomethylation in placenta (relative reduction of 22%) compared to neutrophils. Placental hypomethylation was pronounced in intergenic regions and gene bodies, while the unmethylated state of the promoter remained conserved in both tissues. For every class of repeat elements, the placenta showed lower methylation but the degree of hypomethylation differed substantially between these classes. However, some retroelements, especially the evolutionarily younger Alu elements, retained high levels of placental methylation. Surprisingly, nonretrotransposon-containing sequences showed a greater degree of placental hypomethylation than retrotransposons in every genomic element (intergenic, introns, and exons) except promoters. The differentially methylated fragments (DMFs) in placenta and neutrophils were enriched in gene-poor and CpG-poor regions. The placentally hypomethylated DMFs were enriched in genomic regions that are usually inactive, whereas hypermethylated DMFs were enriched in active regions. Hypomethylation of the human placenta is not specific to retroelements, indicating that the evolutionary advantages of placental hypomethylation go beyond those provided by expression of retrotransposons and retrogenes.
Synthesis and inactivation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase isozymes of Bacillus subtilis during growth and sporulation

Pyrimidine-repressible carbamyl phosphate synthetase P was synthesized in parallel with aspartate transcarbamylase during growth of Bacillus subtilis on glucose-nutrient broth. Both enzymes were inactivated at the end of exponential growth, but at different rates and by different mechanisms. Unlike the inactivation of aspartate transcarbamylase, the inactivation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase P was not interrupted by deprivation for oxygen or in a tricarboxylic acid cycle mutant. The arginine-repressible isozyme carbamyl phosphate synthetase A was synthesized in parallel with ornithine transcarbamylase during the stationary phase under these growth conditions. Again, both enzymes were subsequently inactivated, but at different rates and by apparently different mechanisms. The inactivation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase A was not affected in a protease-deficient mutatn the inactivation of ornithine transcarbamylase was greatly slowed.
A new scheme of credit based payment for electronic commerce

The paper describes a new credit card system, which presents a promise for us to develop a new method of protecting secret information, such as credit card number, PIN and identification. Our credit cards are anonymous. That is, the identity of a card holder and credit card information are not revealed during a payment process. One important feature of our system lies in the fact that, unlike normal electronic credit based systems such as SET, iKP and NetCard, the involvement of the online financial institution that runs the payment system is reduced to a minimum.
Object-based video manipulation and composition using 2D meshes in VRML

This paper deals with manipulation of natural video objects using graphical models and composition of processed objects within a VRML browser. In particular, 2-D mesh-based representation of video objects and resulting functionalities are integrated within VRML 2.0 for real-time rendering using IndexedFaceSet and CoordinateInterpolator nodes of VRML 2.0. A software demonstration of this representation and functionalities provided is shown.