Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design Techniques for Self Voltage Controllable Circuit on 2:1 Multiplexer using 45nm Technology

Reduction of power dissipation is one of the most important challenges in VLSI circuit design. Due to scaling, sub threshold leakage current plays a dominant role in total power dissipation. This paper illustrates application of power saving SVL technique on 2:1 NAND MUX architecture. This application offers significant reduction in leakage power and leakage current viz-a-viz previous techniques. Self controllable Voltage Level Circuit (SVL) technique drastically reduces stand by leakage power and leakage current of CMOS logic circuits. This technique compare the optimization of leakage current and leakage power using two different design of 2:1 MUX. First is conventional MUX and other one is NAND based 2:1 MUX. The performance of this designed circuit is realized on a standard 45nm technology by using 0.7v supply voltage. It is easily concluded that this 2:1 nand based MUX achieves 651.9 Pw leakage power (Pst) and leakage current 1.020nA in standby mode, Where as conventional MUX achieved 2.04nA leakage current and 0.5nW leakage power.
A 10-gram vision-based flying robot

We aim at developing ultralight autonomous microflyers capable of freely flying within houses or small built environments while avoiding collisions. Our latest prototype is a fixed-wing aircraft weighing a mere 10 g, flying around 1.5 m/s, and carrying the necessary electronics for airspeed regulation and lateral collision avoidance. This microflyer is equipped with two tiny camera modules, two rate gyroscopes, an anemometer, a small microcontroller and a Bluetooth radio module. In-flight tests were carried out in a new experimentation room specifically designed for easy changing of surrounding textures.
A dynamic traffic distribution strategy for multipath routing

It has been widely recognized that the multipath routing can be fundamentally more efficient than the traditional approach of routing along single path. A self-adaptive traffic splitting algorithm, called Dynamic Weighted Round-Robin (DWRR), has been developed to distribute traffic fairly in term of the weight so as to obtain good performance of network load balance. In addition, DWRR can get lower end-to-end delay in multipath routing and may adapt to the path state to reduce the congestion. Result obtained from the simulations shows that DWRR is efficient in maintaining network load balance and gets high performance in reducing the end-to-end delay.
When Social Media Become Hostile Media: An Experimental Examination of News Sharing, Partisanship, and Follower Count

This study examines whether the characteristics of those who share news articles on social media influence the hostile media effect. In an experiment, participants read a news article shared by 1 of 4 Twitter users, 2 (Republican vs. Democrat) × 2 (21 vs. 503,000 followers). Consistent with the hostile media effect, both Republicans and Democrats believed that a news article shared by a Twitter user from an opposing political party was more biased than one shared by a Twitter user from the same political party. As the Twitter account had more followers, however, this effect was more prominent among Republicans and less prominent among Democrats.
Second Language Information Transfer in Automatic Verb Classification

Second Language Information Transfer in Automatic Verb Classification – A Preliminary Investigation Vivian Tsang Master of Science Graduate Department of Computer Science University of Toronto 2001 Lexical semantic classes incorporate both syntactic and semantic information about verbs. Lexical semantic classification of verbs provide a great deal of useful information about the possible usage of each verb. In our work, we explore the use of multilingual corpora in the automatic learning of verb classification. We extend the work of Merlo and Stevenson (2001a), in which statistics on simple syntactic features extracted from textual corpora were used to train an automatic classifier for three lexical semantic classes of English verbs. We hypothesize that some lexical semantic features which are difficult to detect superficially in English may manifest themselves syntactically in another language. In our two-way classification task, features from multiple languages achieve an accuracy as high as 81%, making a small bitext a useful alternative to using a large monolingual corpus for verb classification. In this thesis, experimental results are presented and future extensions are discussed.
Measuring safety climate in health care

Aim: To review quantitative studies of safety climate in health care to examine the psychometric properties of the questionnaires designed to measure this construct. Method: A systematic literature review was undertaken to study sample and questionnaire design characteristics (source, no of items, scale type), construct validity (content validity, factor structure and internal reliability, concurrent validity), within group agreement, and level of analysis. Results: Twelve studies were examined. There was a lack of explicit theoretical underpinning for most questionnaires and some instruments did not report standard psychometric criteria. Where this information was available, several questionnaires appeared to have limitations. Conclusions: More consideration should be given to psychometric factors in the design of healthcare safety climate instruments, especially as these are beginning to be used in large scale surveys across healthcare organisations.
An A/D interface for resonant piezoresistive MEMS sensor

This paper introduces an original architecture to measure and convert into digital data the oscillations of a resonant beam. An electromechanical CMOS magnetic field sensor is considered here for the purpose of a case study. The proposed architecture is based on counting the cycles of an oscillator output, whose frequency depends on the deformation of the mechanical structure. In order to reduce drifts, the architecture implements a differential measure by using both up and down counting within a mechanical vibration period, using the actuation signal for synchronization. Simulation results demonstrate that a high resolution can be achieved with acceptable integration time. Such a signal processing architecture is particularly suitable for low-cost CMOS mechanical structures.
Ownership types for flexible alias protection

Object-oriented programming languages allow inter-object aliasing. Although necessary to construct linked data structures and networks of interacting objects, aliasing is problematic in that an aggregate object's state can change via an alias to one of its components, without the aggregate being aware of any aliasing.Ownership types form a static type system that indicates object ownership. This provides a flexible mechanism to limit the visibility of object references and restrict access paths to objects, thus controlling a system's dynamic topology. The type system is shown to be sound, and the specific aliasing properties that a system's object graph satisfies are formulated and proven invariant for well-typed programs.
Prediction of Interactions between Viral and Host Proteins Using Supervised Machine Learning Methods

Background Viral-host protein-protein interaction plays a vital role in pathogenesis, since it defines viral infection of the host and regulation of the host proteins. Identification of key viral-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has great implication for therapeutics. Methods In this study, a systematic attempt has been made to predict viral-host PPIs by integrating different features, including domain-domain association, network topology and sequence information using viral-host PPIs from VirusMINT. The three well-known supervised machine learning methods, such as SVM, Naïve Bayes and Random Forest, which are commonly used in the prediction of PPIs, were employed to evaluate the performance measure based on five-fold cross validation techniques. Results Out of 44 descriptors, best features were found to be domain-domain association and methionine, serine and valine amino acid composition of viral proteins. In this study, SVM-based method achieved better sensitivity of 67% over Naïve Bayes (37.49%) and Random Forest (55.66%). However the specificity of Naïve Bayes was the highest (99.52%) as compared with SVM (74%) and Random Forest (89.08%). Overall, the SVM and Random Forest achieved accuracy of 71% and 72.41%, respectively. The proposed SVM-based method was evaluated on blind dataset and attained a sensitivity of 64%, specificity of 83%, and accuracy of 74%. In addition, unknown potential targets of hepatitis B virus-human and hepatitis E virus-human PPIs have been predicted through proposed SVM model and validated by gene ontology enrichment analysis. Our proposed model shows that, hepatitis B virus “C protein” binds to membrane docking protein, while “X protein” and “P protein” interacts with cell-killing and metabolic process proteins, respectively. Conclusion The proposed method can predict large scale interspecies viral-human PPIs. The nature and function of unknown viral proteins (HBV and HEV), interacting partners of host protein were identified using optimised SVM model.
Redundancy Estimates for Word-Based Encoding of Sequences Produced by a Bernoulli Source

The efficiency of a code is estimated by its redundancy $R$, while the complexity of a code is estimated by its average delay $\bar N$. In this work we construct word-based codes, for which $R \lesssim \bar N^{-5/3}$. Therefore, word-based codes can attain the same redundancy as block-codes while being much less complex. We also consider uniform on the output codes, the benefit of which is the lack of a running synchronization error. For such codes $\bar N^{-1} \lesssim R \lesssim \bar N^{-1}$, except for a case when all input symbols are equiprobable, when $R \leqslant \bar N^{-2}$ for infinitely many $\bar N$.
Phylogeny of Thaumastodermatidae (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida) Inferred from Nuclear and Mitochondrial Sequence Data

Background Phylogenetic relationships within Gastrotricha are poorly known. Attempts to shed light on this subject using morphological traits have led to hypotheses lacking satisfactory statistical support; it seemed therefore that a different approach was needed. Methodology/Principal Findings In this paper we attempt to elucidate the relationships within the taxonomically vast family Thaumastodermatidae (Macrodasyida) using molecular sequence data. The study includes representatives of all the extant genera of the family and for the first time uses a multi-gene approach to infer evolutionary liaisons within Gastrotricha. The final data set comprises sequences of three genes (18S, 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA) from 41 species, including 29 thaumastodermatids, 11 non-thaumastodermatid macrodasyidans and a single chaetonotidan. Molecular data was analyzed as a combined set of 3 genes and as individual genes, using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Two different outgroups were used: Xenotrichula intermedia (Chaetonotida) and members of the putative basal Dactylopodola (Macrodasyida). Thaumastodermatidae and all other sampled macrodasyidan families were found monophyletic except for Cephalodasyidae. Within Thaumastodermatidae Diplodasyinae and Thaumastodermatinae are monophyletic and so are most genera. Oregodasys turns out to be the most basal group within Thaumastodermatinae in analyses of the concatenated data set as well as in analyses of the nuclear genes. Thaumastoderma appears as the sister taxon to the remaining species. Surprisingly, Tetranchyroderma is non-monophyletic in our analyses as one group of species clusters with Ptychostomella while another appears as the sister group of Pseudostomella. Conclusions/Significance Results in general agree with the current classification; however, a revision of the more derived thaumastodermatid taxa seems necessary. We also found that the ostensible COI sequences from several species do not conform to the general invertebrate or any other published mitochondrial genetic code; they may be mitochondrially derived nuclear genes (numts), or one or more modifications of the mitochondrial genetic code within Gastrotricha.
Multi-Threshold Based Data Gathering Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor networks have recently attracted significant attention for many military and civil applications, such as environment monitoring, target tracking, and surveillance. A high-level abstraction of sensor networks forms the distributed database view, in which query is adopted to retrieve data from the network. Continuous query is an important approach that is commonly used for collecting real-time data. Sensor nodes have limited energy resources and their functionality continues until their energy drains. Therefore, query for sensor networks, and especially continuous query, should be wisely designed to extend the lifetime of sensors. This paper presents a query optimization method for continuous data gathering in sensor networks. The method is based on the flexible setting of thresholds and the analysis on the content to be sent over the network. Thresholds represent the accuracy requirement of the application issuing the queries. Thus at each single sensor node, instead of direct delivery of each result data, data communication is needed only when the current data is out of the range constrained by the thresholds. A series of static and dynamic algorithms are proposed for the flexible setting of threshold values. In particular, the paper studies deeply the situation where phenomena under monitoring appear a periodical feature. An initiative data model is first created, and then at each single sensor node, instead of direct delivery of each result data, data communication is needed only when the current data is out of the range constrained by the periodical data model. The performance of the proposed algorithms shows that the proposed methods can achieve better performance than without performing the optimization.
Using Facial Expressions of Emotion as a Means for Studying Music-Induced Emotions

This report proposes a new approach in studying music-induced emotion, namely, a method using facial expressions of emotion. The suggested procedure could avoid some of the flaws associated with other methods. Additionally, I suggest that this approach improves the ecological validity of the experimental setting in which music-induced emotions are studied, which subsequently provides results which are expected to be more reliable in terms of representing a subjectively felt experience in response to music rather than how emotions in music are perceived. Facial expressions of emotion can be defined as spontaneous and involuntary manifestations of an emotional experience and are displayed mainly subconsciously. Because of these features, facial displays can be utilized for inferring an emotional experience in response to music. In this study, I am evaluating 4 possible technologies that can be used for measuring facial expressions: optical motion capture, electromyography, manual coding, and automatic face analysis. I discuss these methods in regard to their advantages and disadvantages in an experimental setting, and evaluate them in terms of ecological validity, reliability of the results, flexibility of the set-up, and time that is required for conducting research using the respective technology.
Individual Freedom and enlightened self-interest: prerequisites for knowledge worker productivity

Numerous industry studies document the serious productivity cost incurred by knowledge-reliant organisations when employees are unable to locate the information resources they need to do their jobs, or take too long to do so. The traditional approach to avoiding this problem has been to impose an organisation-specific taxonomy and to tag documents with subject metadata describing and classifying it. A study of a university with a strong organisational commitment to metadata, explains why this approach fails and shows how little such metadata contributes to satisfying searches people actually conduct. If present in sufficient quantity, metadata applied freely by “the masses” can contribute strongly to resource discovery. Hyperlinks and their anchortext provide popularity/importance signals as well as weighted topical metadata reflecting a useful diversity of perspectives and language among web/intranet authors. Queries are another useful source of weighted metadata and can be associated with resources through the clicking and other behaviour of searchers. Results from a number of organisations will be presented illustrating the search gains achievable from these sources. Employees and stakeholders can easily be provided with the means to apply folksonomy metadata through tagging but a study of a public museum website shows that, in the absence of incentive and motivation, metadata volumes will be very small. Finally, timeliness of metadata is critical to usefulness. We have shown how microblog posts can be interpreted as metadata describing the web resources they link to and can be used to retrieve very recently created content. Since microblogging systems are now available for the enterprise, there is potential for improvement in enterprise resource discovery from this means too, provided that employees and stakeholders can be motivated to provide the data.
Optofluidic Device Based Microflow Cytometers for Particle/Cell Detection: A Review

Optofluidic devices combining micro-optical and microfluidic components bring a host of new advantages to conventional microfluidic devices. Aspects, such as optical beam shaping, can be integrated on-chip and provide high-sensitivity and built-in optical alignment. Optofluidic microflow cytometers have been demonstrated in applications, such as point-of-care diagnostics, cellular immunophenotyping, rare cell analysis, genomics and analytical chemistry. Flow control, light guiding and collecting, data collection and data analysis are the four main techniques attributed to the performance of the optofluidic microflow cytometer. Each of the four areas is discussed in detail to show the basic principles and recent developments. 3D microfabrication techniques are discussed in their use to make these novel microfluidic devices, and the integration of the whole system takes advantage of the miniaturization of each sub-system. The combination of these different techniques is a spur to the development of microflow cytometers, and results show the performance of many types of microflow cytometers developed recently.
Tangible interfaces for remote communication and collaboration

This thesis presents inTouch, a new device enabling long distance communication through touch. inTouch is based on a concept called Synchronized Distributed Physical Objects, which employs telemanipulation technology to create the illusion that distant users are interacting with a shared physical object. I discuss the design and prototype implementation of inTouch, along with control strategies for extending the physical link over an arbitrary distance. User reactions to the prototype system suggest many similarities to direct touch interactions while, at the same time, point to new possibilities for object-mediated touch communication. I also present two initial experiments that begin to explore more objective properties of the haptic communication channel provided by inTouch and develop analysis techniques for future investigations. This thesis also considers the broader implications of Synchronized Distributed Physical Objects in the design of distributed multi-user systems. Current interfaces for long distance communication and collaboration are largely rooted in GUI-based groupware and voice/video conferencing methodologies. In these approaches, interactions are limited to visual and auditory media, and shared environments are confined to the digital world. Synchronized Distributed Physical Objects presents a new method for creating distributed multi-user systems that place greater emphasis on touch and physicality. Thesis Supervisor: Hiroshi Ishii Associate Professor of Media Arts and Sciences
Achieving adaptability through separation and composition of concerns

This paper discusses separation and composition of concerns as a means for improving adaptability of object-oriented programs. Separation of concerns results in a weak coupling of the concerns and as such satisfies the need for increased flexibility and reusability. We will illustrate the separation of concerns mechanism for the conventional object model and set out the requirements for an enhanced and adaptable object model. We propose the composition filters model as a framework for language extensions. The composition filters model separates the basic application code from the more special purpose concerns such as synchronization, real-time constraints and multiple views. Its applicability to solving various modeling problems is briefly illustrated.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Stress Among Junior High School Students in the Physical Education Environment

The purpose of this study was to explore grade-level differences (7th, 8th, and 9th) among junior high school students’ perceptions of the effects of participation in physical education (PE) class on individual environmental stress. The role of physical activity as a stress reduction tool has been well documented. However, physical activity as a stressful event in the school and PE environment has been less established, particularly in junior high school students. Study participants comprised 872 junior high school students, 585 males (67%) and 287 females (33%), enrolled in four junior high schools. Stratified by grade, 315 seventh-grade (228 males, 87 females; M = 1.28, SD = .448), 281 eighth-grade (204 males, 77 females; M = 1.27, SD = .447), and 276 ninth-grade (153 males, 123 females; M = 1.45, SD = .498) students responded. By grade level, significant differences (p < .05) were reported for five of the 12 scaling questions. In general, seventh graders were more likely to respond they could better handle stress after participating in PE class, to look forward to coming to their PE class, to report lower stress levels before arrival to PE class, and to report lower stress levels after participation in PE class than were eighth and ninth graders. Altogether, follow-up qualitative findings reported three major themes regarding the PE environment and stress. PE acted as a stress mitigation mechanism and an opportunity for social bonding. Qualitative findings also referenced classmates as a negative stress mechanism in the PE environment. Subscribe to TPE
Long-Lasting Mental Fatigue After Recovery from Meningitis or Encephalitis - A Disabling Disorder Hypothetically Related to Dysfunction in the Supporting Systems of the Brain

Fatigue may originate from peripheral or central causes, thus being “physical” or “cognitive” (mental) in nature. Some authors also put forward the concepts “primary” or “secondary” fatigue (DeLuca, 2005). It may be that the different dimensions of fatigue have different neurobiological and neurophysiological correlates (see also Chaudhuri and Behan, 2000; 2004). The big problem, however, is that in-depth analyses of different types of fatigue have yet to be performed.