Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Pancreata With Uncommon Types of Primary Neoplasms

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is thought to develop through a series of genetic events through its purported precursor lesion, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Little, however, is known regarding the role of possible precursor lesions in the development of other primary neoplasms of the pancreas. This study investigated the prevalence of PanIN, as defined by recent consensus statements, in pancreata with uncommon types of primary neoplasms. All pancreata resected at the University of Virginia from June 1, 1991 to March 1, 2005 for neoplasia not diagnosed as conventional ductal adenocarcinoma were reviewed and classified according to the World Health Organization's classification schema for tumors of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. All slides from these cases were then assessed for PanIN, which was classified according to the criteria of the most recent consensus statement. Three acinar cell carcinomas (ACCs), 18 mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), 24 pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs), 12 serous cystadenomas (SCs), and 3 solid-pseudopapillary tumors (SPTs) were identified. PanIN was identified in the pancreata of 3 of 3 ACCs, 17 of 18 MCNs, 16 of 24 PETs, 10 of 12 SCs, and 2 of 3 SPTs. The degree of PanIN was noted to trend with patient age. Although the high prevalence of PanIN in pancreata concomitantly harboring certain uncommon neoplasms of the pancreas could signify its role as a precursor lesion for those neoplasms, its high prevalence throughout our series may simply be the result of a coincidental, prevalent finding seen in all pancreata, especially with aging. Because of the ubiquitous nature of PanIN, it should not be used histologically to assist in the diagnosis and subclassification of pancreatic neoplasia.
Analysis of the early-flowering mechanisms and generation of T-DNA tagging lines in Kitaake, a model rice cultivar

As an extremely early flowering cultivar, rice cultivar Kitaake is a suitable model system for molecular studies. Expression analyses revealed that transcript levels of the flowering repressor Ghd7 were decreased while those of its downstream genes, Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1, were increased. Sequencing the known flowering-regulator genes revealed mutations in Ghd7 and OsPRR37 that cause early translation termination and amino acid substitutions, respectively. Genetic analysis of F2 progeny from a cross between cv. Kitaake and cv. Dongjin indicated that those mutations additively contribute to the early-flowering phenotype in cv. Kitaake. Because the short life cycle facilitates genetics research, this study generated 10 000 T-DNA tagging lines and deduced 6758 flanking sequence tags (FSTs), in which 3122 were genic and 3636 were intergenic. Among the genic lines, 367 (11.8%) were inserted into new genes that were not previously tagged. Because the lines were generated by T-DNA that contained the promoterless GUS reporter gene, which had an intron with triple splicing donors/acceptors in the right border region, a high efficiency of GUS expression was shown in various organs. Sequencing of the GUS-positive lines demonstrated that the third splicing donor and the first splicing acceptor of the vector were extensively used. The FST data have now been released into the public domain for seed distribution and facilitation of rice research.
Resistive Memories for Spike-Based Neuromorphic Circuits

In the last decade machine learning algorithms have proven unprecedented performance to solve many real-world detection and classification tasks, for example in image or speech recognition. Despite these advances, there are still some deficits. First, these algorithms require significant memory access thus ruling out an implementation using standard platforms (e.g. GPUs, FPGAs) for embedded applications. Second, most machine leaning algorithms need to be trained with huge data sets (supervised learning). Resistive memories (RRAM) have demonstrated to be a promising candidate to overcome both these constrains. RRAM arrays can act as a dot product accelerator, which is one of the main building blocks in neuromorphic computing systems. This approach could provide improvements in power and speed with respect to the GPU-based networks. Moreover RRAM devices are promising candidates to emulate synaptic plasticity, the capability of synapses to enhance or diminish their connectivity between neurons, which is widely believed to be the basis for learning and memory in the brain. Neural systems exhibit various types and time periods of plasticity, e.g. synaptic modifications can last anywhere from seconds to days or months. In this work we proposed an architecture that implements both Short- and Long-Term Plasticity rules (STP and LTP) using RRAM arrays. We showed the benefits of utilizing both kinds of plasticity with two different applications, visual pattern extraction and decoding of neural signals. LTP allows the neural networks to learn patterns without training data set (unsupervised learning), and STP makes the learning process very robust against environmental noise.
A CASE-CONTROL COMPARISON OF THE RESULTS OF RENAL TRANSPLANTATION FROM HEART-BEATING AND NON-HEART-BEATING DONORS

Introduction. The decline in heart-beating brainstem dead organ donors has necessitated the search for other organ sources. In the field of renal transplantation one alternative source currently available, but little used, is that of kidneys from non-heart-beating donors (NHBD). Reticence to use NHBD kidneys is in part due to concerns over the effect that warm ischemic may have subsequent graft function. Presented here are the results of the NHBD renal transplants at the Leicester transplant unit, and compared with matched heart-beating donor transplants as a case control analysis. Methods. In order to analyze any differences in graft performance between the two organ sources, the confounding effect of other variables known to influence the outcome of renal transplantation was minimized by matching NHBD and HBD transplants for the following criteria: donor age and sex, first or re-transplant, anastomosis and cold times, tissue match and PRA sensitisation. Transplant performance was assessed primarily by graft survival, the statistical evaluation of which was by log rank analysis of Kaplan-Meier curves. Results. 72 NHBD and 192 HBD transplants were performed over an eight year period. Of the 192 HBD transplants, 105 matched one or more of the NHBD by the criteria outlined above, and thus constituted the control group for comparison. There was no significant difference in overall graft survival between the two groups. The 5 year survival for the NHBD was 73% compared with 65% for HBD kidneys. When death with a functioning graft is treated as censored data, then these figures become 75% and 81% respectively, again without statistical significance. Conclusion. NHBD kidneys are a valuable additional source of organs for transplantation, with long-term survival, comparable to transplants from HBD.
Long-term care for people with dementia: environmental design guidelines

ABSTRACT Background: A large and growing number of people with dementia are being cared for in long-term care. The empirical literature on the design of environments for people with dementia contains findings that can be helpful in the design of these environments. A schema developed by Marshall in 2001 provides a means of reviewing the literature against a set of recommendations. The aims of this paper are to assess the strength of the evidence for these recommendations and to identify those recommendations that could be used as the basis for guidelines to assist in the design of long term care facilities for people with dementia. Methods: The literature was searched for articles published after 1980, evaluating an intervention utilizing the physical environment, focused on the care of people with dementia and incorporating a control group, pre-test-post-test, cross sectional or survey design. A total of 156 articles were identified as relevant and subjected to an evaluation of their methodological strength. Of these, 57 articles were identified as being sufficiently strong to be reviewed. Results: Designers may confidently use unobtrusive safety measures; vary ambience, size and shape of spaces; provide single rooms; maximize visual access; and control levels of stimulation. There is less agreement on the usefulness of signage, homelikeness, provision for engagement in ordinary activities, small size and the provision of outside space. Conclusions: There is sufficient evidence available to come to a consensus on guiding principles for the design of long term environments for people with dementia.
Plagiarism Detection: A Comparison of Teaching Assistants and a Software Tool in Identifying Cheating in a Psychology Course

Essays that are assigned as homework in large classes are prone to cheating via unauthorized collaboration. In this study, we compared the ability of a software tool based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and student teaching assistants to detect plagiarism in a large group of students. To do so, we took two approaches: the first approach was in vivo; that is, we observed whether LSA and the teaching assistants could detect plagiarism during the term. The second approach was in vitro; that is, we had 14 teaching assistants and LSA evaluate, after the term had ended, a sample of N = 60 essays of which two essays were identical. Results showed that the responsible teaching assistant did not detect the duplicates during the term (in vivo) and that the majority of the teaching assistants did not notice that they had read two identical essays (in vitro). Some of them even scored the duplicates in markedly different ways. However, the duplicates were easily identified and evaluated as equally good by LSA. We conclude that using LSA can improve assessment at universities in terms of detecting plagiarism.
Seeing voices: A journey into the world of the deaf. Oliver Sacks . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. 171.

Individuals who are congenitally deaf make up about 0.1 % of the population. To many of their hearing counterparts they are a peripheral group not meriting interest or attention, except for the superficial observation that they are different because of an obvious auditory deficit. As more deaf individuals become visible through popular media, larger audiences have become aware of their language, Sign. But the media allow little more than a fleeting glance into the world of the deaf. For those who would like to explore a fascinating culture with a rich and complex language, Seeing Voices, by the clinical neurologist Oliver Sacks, offers a fascinating and, at times, unorthodox look. The genesis of the book was a series of essays that Sacks began after being asked to review a large volume entitled When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf, by Harlan Lane (1984). Prior to undertaking this task, Sacks recounts, "I had seen the few deaf patients under my care in purely medical terms as diseased ears or otologically impaired. " Once his interest had been piqued and his subsequent immersion into their unique culture began, he recognized that the deaf were members of a distinct linguistic community. Seeing Voices is divided into three chapters: the first, a chronicle of the history of the deaf; the second, an examination of Sign (which includes a scholarly rumination on the role that language and communication play in enabling us to become complete human beings); and the third, an account of the 1988 student strike at Gallaudet University which initiated the naming of its first deaf president, King Jordan. In examining the perilous conditions that befell the deaf for hundreds of years while unenlightened laws labeled them "incompetent," Chapter 1 captures the desolate existence of individuals left with no real hope of literacy, education, or fundamental human rights. This calamitous situation was significantly altered in the mid-18th century, when the reigning philosophical, political, and social writers of France their curiosity and compassion aroused observed, wrote, and ultimately intervened. Sacks gives audience to the thinking of one of these philosophers, the Abbe Sicard, who asked:
Comparative analysis of sagittal condylar guidance by protrusive interocclusal records with panoramic and lateral cephalogram radiographs in dentulous population: A clinico-radiographic study

Aim : To evaluate and compare the correlation between sagittal condylar guidance obtained by protrusive interocclusal records mounted on semi-adjustable articulator with panoramic and Lateral cephalogram radiograph tracings in dentulous population. Materials and Methods: One-hundred twenty dentulous subjects between age group of 20-40 years, free of signs and symptoms of any temporomandibular diseases were selected. The sagittal condylar guidance was determined by protrusive interocclusal records and transferred to a semi-adjustable articulator through a face bow. The condylar guidance angles obtained were tabulated. The sagittal outline of the articular eminence and glenoid fossa were traced on panoramic and lateral cephalogram radiographs. The sagittal condylar path inclination was constructed. This was related to the Frankfurt′s horizontal plane on radiograph to determine the radiographic angle of sagittal condylar guidance. The comparison of protrusive interocclusal records was done with the angles obtained by panoramic and lateral cephalogram radiograph tracings. Results: The mean difference between the condylar guidance values obtained using panoramic and lateral cephalogram radiographs was 0.13° and 0.67° on right side and 1.0° and 1.54° on left side with the radiographic values being higher. A Significant positive correlation was observed with P values 0.001 and 0.005 in left and right respectively. Conclusion: This study highlighted on the correlation between protrusive interocclusal records and the lateral cephalogram radiograph tracings which were more positively related than the panoramic radiograph. The values of lateral cephalogram radiograph tracings are closer as separate radiographs for left and right side were taken, causing the amount and quality of image distortion less. Lateral cephalogram radiograph may be taken as an important tool to rely on for recording the Sagittal condylar guidance angle.
Inferring the Meaning of Verbs from Context

This paper describes a cross-disciplinary extension of previous work on inferring the meanings of unknown verbs from context. In earlier work, a computational model was developed to incrementally infer meanings while processing texts in an information extraction task setting. In order to explore the space of possible predictors that the system could use to infer verb meanings, we performed a statistical analysis of the corpus that had been used to test the computational system. There were various syntactic and semantic features of the verbs that were significantly diagnostic in determining verb meaning. We also evaluated human performance at inferring the verb in the same set of sentences. The overall number of correct predictions for humans was quite similar to that of the computational system, but humans had higher precision scores. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these statistical and experimental findings for future computational work.
Studying the Effect of Stackup Structure of Large Die Size Fan-In Wafer Level Package at 0.35 mm Pitch With Varying Ball Alloy to Enhance Board Level Reliability Performance

In this study a four-layer fan-in wafer level package (WLP) structure (two passivation layers, one redistribution metal layer (RDL) and one under bump metallurgy layer (UBM) with die size 8 × 8 mm2 and ball pitch 0.35 mm is used for board level reliability (BLR) evaluation. The solder joint stress during BLR tests are highly related to the structure and solder ball alloy used in WLP bumping process based on simulation input. In this work, we evaluated different WLP structures with different stackup thickness including passivation layers, RDL layer, UBM layer and different solder ball alloy to reduce solder joint stress and thus enhance BLR performance. Besides, the impact of different die thickness post wafer grinding process was also included. All the different WLP structures have been evaluated by employing board level reliability test following JEDEC include thermal cycling test, drop test and cyclic 4-point bend test. From this work, an improved fan-in WLP stackup structure was demonstrated to pass board level TCT 500 cycles (include both corner chain balls/non-corner chain balls), drop test 150 times and cyclic bend test 200,000 cycles without any failure for 8× 8 mm2 die size at 0.35 mm pitch with doped SAC405 alloy.
Analysis of Informed Attacks and Appropriate Countermeasures for Cyber-Physical Systems

Based on considerations about the knowledge required to carry out different types of network attacks, this article discusses the logical demands posed to the attacker in order to circumvent the most classical checks for message trustworthiness. In view of the limitations of existing avoidance and detection techniques, the article stresses the need for targeted testing strategies aimed at the identification of exploitable code vulnerabilities. For this purpose, it proposes a paradigm for the generation of intelligent test cases meant to maximize the chances of anticipating challenging scenarios during early verification phases.
A Preliminary Examination of a Strengths-Based Treatment for Adolescent Substance Use Issues

Adolescent substance use disorders are a major public health concern. Given the many challenges associated with treating this population, ongoing research in this area is imperative. The purpose of the current study was to provide a preliminary examination of the substance use outcomes associated with an adolescent residential treatment program that utilizes a strengths-based approach. The current study examined treatment outcomes in 61 adolescents (aged 14 to 18 years) who completed a 5-week strengths-based residential treatment program for adolescent substance use issues. Results showed significant reductions in frequency of alcohol and marijuana use from pretreatment to 3 and 6 months posttreatment, and in opioid use frequency from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment. In addition, changes in self-reported substance use goal progress scores indicated significant improvements in goal progress from pretreatment to 3 months posttreatment; these improvements were maintained at 6 months posttreatment. Finally, depressive symptomology was also found to decrease significantly from pretreatment to posttreatment, and this decrease was found to be predictive of better substance use outcomes at 6 months posttreatment. These findings add to the literature by providing preliminary data that support the utility of the strengths-based approach in the treatment of adolescence substance use issues.
A Male-Specific Role for p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Germ Cell Sex Differentiation in Mice1

Germ cell sex differentiation in the mouse embryo is denoted by meiosis entry in females and mitotic arrest in males. Because p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling initiates mitotic arrest in other differentiating cell types, we investigated its potential role in XY germ cell differentiation in mice. We report that p38 MAPK is phosphorylated and therefore activated only in XY germ cells around the time of sex differentiation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that 14 known targets of p38 MAPK signaling are expressed in the embryonic gonads at this time and that five of these targets (Mapkapk5, Max, Myc, Hbp1, and Cebpa) have expression profiles similar to that of activated p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling in XY germ cells ex vivo reduced expression of the pluripotency marker POU5F1 and increased the expression of Stra8 and SYCP3, premeiosis and meiosis markers, respectively, to levels approaching those observed in XX germ cells. These data suggest that p38 MAPK signaling antagonizes entry into meiosis in XY germ cells, instead directing them toward mitotic quiescence and a spermatogenic fate.
The “social” in English Language Teaching: abstracted norms versus situated enactments

Abstract The worldwide enterprise of English Language Teaching (ELT) has consciously attended to social rules and conventions in its modelling of language use. In this article I will first examine the theoretical basis of the “social” as it has been understood in influential curriculum discussions and internationally marketed textbooks. It will be shown that there is a tendency to portray social conventions of language use in terms of abstracted and decontextualised native speaker norms. Drawing on data collected in ethnolinguistically diverse school and university classrooms in London, I will illustrate that socially agreeable ways of language use are fluidly and sensitively negotiated in situ by participants. Some of the observations and arguments in this article will resonate with the analytic sensibilities shown in recent research in the fields of English as a Lingua Franca and sociolinguistics. The discussion will conclude with a call for a more empirically oriented approach to conceptualizing the “social” in ELT that takes account of situated language and social practices.
Evaluation of the Initiation Phase of Blood Coagulation Using Ultrasensitive Assays for Serine Proteases*

The initiation phase of enzyme generation in a reconstituted model of the tissue factor (TF) pathway to thrombin was evaluated. At 1.25 pm added TF, no thrombin generation was observed in the absence of factor V. The substitution of factor Va for factor V increased the rate of thrombin generation. Factor X activation during the initiation phase was not influenced by the absence of factor VIII or thrombin, leading to the conclusion that initially factor Xa is generated exclusively by the factor VIIa-TF complex. When thrombin was eliminated from the system, no contribution of the factor IXa-factor VIIIa complex to factor X activation was observed during the propagation phase. Similarly, factor V activation was also not observed in the absence of thrombin, indicating that thrombin is the only enzyme responsible for factor V and factor VIII activation. Only subnanomolar amounts of factor VII were activated when prothrombin activation was almost complete. In the absence of coagulation inhibitors, factor XI did not influence thrombin generation initiated by 1.25 pm factor VIIa-TF complex. The termination of factor XIa generation by added hirudin in the factor XI experiment indicates that factor XI activation occurs exclusively by thrombin.
Psychological Detachment in the Relationship between Job Stressors and Strain

We investigated the mediating versus moderating role of psychological detachment in the relationship between job stressors and psychological strain. Our sample consisted of 173 university students invested in challenging programs of advanced professional studies, who could find it difficult to detach from work. Hierarchical regression analyses of cross-sectional survey data affirmed the role of psychological detachment as a mediator in the relationship between job demands and perceived stress. Detachment also mediated the relationship between job demands and satisfaction with life, although the association disappeared when controlling for negative affectivity. Detachment did not mediate relationships between job demands and cognitive failures. Psychological detachment did not moderate any of the investigated relationships. The study contributes to a view of psychological detachment as less subject to individual differences than to the imposition of stressors in the given context.