Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First Report of Potato Stem-End Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Korea

Abstract In this study, we identified the causative agent of stem-end rot in potatoes that were grown in Gangwon alpine areas of Korea in 2013. The disease symptoms included appearance of slightly sunken circular lesion with corky rot on the potato surface at the stem-end portion. The fungal species isolated from the infected potatoes were grown on potato dextrose agar and produced white aerial mycelia with dark violet pigments. The conidiophores were branched and monophialidic. The microconidia had ellipsoidal to cylindrical shapes and ranged from 2.6~11.4 × 1.9~3.5 μm in size. The macroconidia ranged from 12.7~24.7 × 2.7~3.6 μm in size and had slightly curved or fusiform shape with 2 to 5 septate. Chlamydospores ranged from 6.1~8.1 × 5.7~8.3 μm in size and were present singly or in pairs. The causal agent of potato stem-end rot was identified as Fusarium oxysporum by morphological characterization and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS4) regions of rRNA. Artificial inoculation of the pathogen resulted in development of disease symptoms and the re-isolated pathogen showed characteristics of F. oxysporum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report that potato stem-end rot is caused by F. oxysporum in Korea.
SIMULATION OF ZVS CUK CONVERTER USING PSIM

A Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS)Cuk converter is presented in this paper to reducethe switching losses of main switch. An auxiliaryswitch and a clamp capacitor are connected inparallel with the main switch to absorb all theenergy stored in the leakage inductance of thetransformer. The ZVS operation of main switch isachieved by the resonance with the resonantinductor and output capacitor of main switch. TheZVS operation of auxiliary switch is achieved bythe resonance with the resonant inductor and theclamp capacitor. Therefore, both switches areturned on at ZVS. The principle of operation,system analysis and design consideration arepresented. Finally, simulations based on an 270W(18V/15A) are provided for the proposedconverter. Keywords— Zero Voltage switching (ZVS) Cukconverter; Active clamp technique; Soft switching ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Understanding the role of the healthcare professional in patient self-management of allergic rhinitis

Objective: Allergic rhinitis is a common, usually long-standing, condition that may be self-diagnosed or have a formal diagnosis. Our aim was to identify how allergic rhinitis sufferers self-manage their condition. Methods: A sample of 276 self-identified adult allergy sufferers pooled from social media completed an online survey comprising 13 questions. The survey was fielded by a professional research organization (Lab42). The main outcome measures included the use of prescription and/or non-prescription allergy medication, and interactions with physician and/or pharmacist with respect to medication use. Results: Of the respondents, 53% (146/276) indicated that they used both prescription and over-the-counter medication to manage their allergy symptoms. Of those who used prescription medication, 53% reported that they discussed their prescription medication in great detail with their physician when it was prescribed, while 42% spoke about it briefly. Following the initial prescription, few discussions about the prescription occur with the physician (45% indicate several discussions, 40% indicate one or two discussions, and 10% indicate no discussions). In most cases (~75% of the time), allergy prescription refills did not require a doctor visit with patients obtaining refills through phone calls to the doctor’s office or through the pharmacy. Two-thirds of patients (69%) report that they have discussed their prescription allergy medication with a pharmacist, with greater than half of respondents having discussed the use of the non-prescription medication with their doctor. Conclusion: Patients with diagnosed allergic rhinitis appear to be self-managing their condition with few interactions with their doctor about their allergy prescription. Interactions with a pharmacist about allergy medication (prescription and non-prescription) appear to be more common than interactions with a physician.
Astrocytes Protect Neurons against Methylmercury via ATP/P2Y1 Receptor-Mediated Pathways in Astrocytes

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a well known environmental pollutant that induces serious neuronal damage. Although MeHg readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, and should affect both neurons and glial cells, how it affects glia or neuron-to-glia interactions has received only limited attention. Here, we report that MeHg triggers ATP/P2Y1 receptor signals in astrocytes, thereby protecting neurons against MeHg via interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated pathways. MeHg increased several mRNAs in astrocytes, among which IL-6 was the highest. For this, ATP/P2Y1 receptor-mediated mechanisms were required because the IL-6 production was (i) inhibited by a P2Y1 receptor antagonist, MRS2179, (ii) abolished in astrocytes obtained from P2Y1 receptor-knockout mice, and (iii) mimicked by exogenously applied ATP. In addition, (iv) MeHg released ATP by exocytosis from astrocytes. As for the intracellular mechanisms responsible for IL-6 production, p38 MAP kinase was involved. MeHg-treated astrocyte-conditioned medium (ACM) showed neuro-protective effects against MeHg, which was blocked by anti-IL-6 antibody and was mimicked by the application of recombinant IL-6. As for the mechanism of neuro-protection by IL-6, an adenosine A1 receptor-mediated pathway in neurons seems to be involved. Taken together, when astrocytes sense MeHg, they release ATP that autostimulates P2Y1 receptors to upregulate IL-6, thereby leading to A1 receptor-mediated neuro-protection against MeHg.
EigenDiagnostics: Spotting Connection Patterns and Outliers in Large Graphs

In a large weighted graph, how can we detect suspicious sub graphs, patterns, and outliers? A suspicious pattern could be a near-clique or a set of nodes bridging two or more near-cliques. This would improve intrusion detection in computer networks and network traffic monitoring. Are there other network patterns that need to be detected? We propose EigenDiagnostics, a fast algorithm that spots such patterns. The process creates scatter-plots of the node properties (such as eigenscores, degree, and weighted degree), then looks for linear-like patterns. Our tool automatically discovers such plots, using the Hough transform from machine vision. We apply EigenDiagnostics on a wide variety of synthetic and real data (LBNL computer traffic, movie-actor data from IMDB, Patent citations, and more). EigenDiagnostics finds surprising patterns. They appear to correspond to port-scanning (in computer networks), repetitive tasks with bot-net-like behavior, strange gbridgesh in movie-actor data (due to actors changing careers, for example), and more. The advantages are: (a) it is effective in discovering surprising patterns. (b) it is fast (linear on the number of edges) (c) it is parameter-free, and (d) it is general, and applicable to many, diverse graphs, spanning tens of GigaBytes.
Automatic creation of both the topology and parameters for a robust controller by means of genetic programming

The paper describes a general automated method for synthesizing the design of both the topology and parameter values for controllers. The automated method automatically makes decisions concerning the total number of processing blocks to be employed in the controller, the type of each block, the topological interconnections between the blocks, the values of all parameters for the blocks, and the existence, if any, of internal feedback between the blocks of the overall controller. Incorporation of time-domain, frequency-domain, and other constraints on the control or state variables (often analytically intractable using conventional methods) can be readily accommodated. The automatic method described in the paper (genetic programming) is applied to a problem of synthesizing the design of a robust controller for a plant with a second-order lag. A textbook PID compensator preceded by a lowpass pre-filter delivers credible performance on this problem. However, the automatically created controller employs a second derivative processing block (in addition to proportional, integrative, and derivative blocks and a pre-filter). It is better than twice as effective as the textbook controller as measured by the integral of the time-weighted absolute error, has only two-thirds of the rise time in response to the reference (command) input, and is 10 times better in terms of suppressing the effects of disturbance at the plant input.
Practically scalable floorplanning with voltage island generation

In this paper, we propose a method of floorplanning with voltage island generation for system-on-chips (SoC) designs, which is deeply coupled with voltage island partitioning and voltage assignment, and has a good scalability. Floorplans with voltage islands are represented using nested Sequence Pairs, where the cores involved in the same voltage island consecutively appear in the sequences. Starting from a randomly generated initial floorplan, where each non chip-level core occupies an individual voltage island, we iteratively improve the solution by removing a core from the floorplan, then, inserting back the core by trying all the possible O(n2) block positions, which are defined as the combinations of insertion points and voltage islands. An almost linear algorithm is devised to roughly but quickly filter many worse block positions, in each iteration, considering fixed-outline constraints, wirelength, power, power/ground routing resources, and level shifters. Compared with the latest work, the proposed method shows 9.74% and 21.04% improvements respectively on the wirelength and power when all the blocks are hard. When soft blocks are involved, the proposed method shows 12.38% wirelength reduction and 3.10% more power saving with a penalty of 7.5% whitespace. Moreover, more than 20X speedups can be obtained for the large test cases.
Li-ion battery modeling optimization based on Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy measurements

Li-ion batteries are a very attractive energy storage technology due to their high energy density and their capability for high charge and discharge rates. This makes them very suitable for power applications such as Electric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) or electric grid oriented applications. However, in order to take advantage of Li-ion batteries' good properties, an accurate battery model is needed, as it provides a tool to know how the cell will behave without doing time consuming tests. Although many battery models can already be found in the literature, the need to compare different models' accuracy appears. This paper presents an analysis and testing of second and third order electrical equivalent models for a 6.5Ah, LiFePO4 cell type, whose parameters are obtained from an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and a subsequent model fitting process. In addition, an optimization criterion is presented for the fitting process, which improves the accuracy of the models and reduces the parameter estimation time from 61h to 6h for the presented models.
A dynamic particle swarm optimizer for educational data processing

Many problems in educational data processing on Internet are dynamic optimization problems. These DOPs challenge traditional optimization methods as well as conventional evolutionary algorithms. In this paper, an improved Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) by introducing Group Search Optimizer (GSO) mechanisms is proposed to solve optimization in dynamic environment. The member switch method between two roles in GSO is employed as immigrant method among multi-swarms. Experimental results on unimodal and multimodal benchmarks demonstrate the proposed algorithm can trace the moving optimal and are effective in dynamic environment.
Construction of Metabolism Prediction Models for CYP450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 Based on Microsomal Metabolic Reaction System

During the past decades, there have been continuous attempts in the prediction of metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. However, it has indeed remained a huge challenge to accurately predict the metabolism of xenobiotics mediated by these enzymes. To address this issue, microsomal metabolic reaction system (MMRS)—a novel concept, which integrates information about site of metabolism (SOM) and enzyme—was introduced. By incorporating the use of multiple feature selection (FS) techniques (ChiSquared (CHI), InfoGain (IG), GainRatio (GR), Relief) and hybrid classification procedures (Kstar, Bayes (BN), K-nearest neighbours (IBK), C4.5 decision tree (J48), RandomForest (RF), Support vector machines (SVM), AdaBoostM1, Bagging), metabolism prediction models were established based on metabolism data released by Sheridan et al. Four major biotransformations, including aliphatic C-hydroxylation, aromatic C-hydroxylation, N-dealkylation and O-dealkylation, were involved. For validation, the overall accuracies of all four biotransformations exceeded 0.95. For receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, each of these models gave a significant area under curve (AUC) value >0.98. In addition, an external test was performed based on dataset published previously. As a result, 87.7% of the potential SOMs were correctly identified by our four models. In summary, four MMRS-based models were established, which can be used to predict the metabolism mediated by CYP3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 with high accuracy.
An application of the improved hybrid fuzzy PID control system

In this paper, the hybrid fuzzy PID control system of a pump-propelled autonomous underwater vehicle is presented. The small low-cost vehicle named ldquoU-FISHrdquo is the first one propelled and controlled by four pumps mounted on the stern. Due to the difficulty of building the model and the restriction of the computing power of the micro-controller, the hybrid fuzzy PID control algorithm, which is model-free and easy to realized, is a wise choice for this complex system. The open-loop experiments are firstly carried out to obtain the parameters of the vehicle, according to which we design the control law in details for the horizontal plane and the vertical plane separately. Finally, the close-loop experiments in which the U-FISH travels at different heading angles and depths show that the complex system responds quickly and reaches a satisfactory steady state in both of the planes simultaneously. Based upon the results, the feasibility of the control law is validated.
A wave decoder for continuous speech recognition

A wave decoder based on the general re-entrant network for continuous speech recognition is described. The decoder design is based on the concept of self adjusting decoding graph in which the decoding network is expanded and released frame synchronously. The fast network expansion and release are made possible by utilizing a novel dynamic network scaffolding layer. The self adjusting decoding graph is obtained by slicing the traditional decoding network horizontally for separation of different knowledge sources and vertically according to each time instant in search. A two layer hashing structure and an admissible arc predication scheme are described. These methods significantly reduce the arc mortality rate, a problem which plagues the efficiency of the dynamic decoder. Experimental results demonstrate that an order of magnitude reduction of decoding resources can be achieved based on the proposed approach.
Acoustic and para-verbal indicators of persuasiveness in social multimedia

Persuasive communication and interaction play an important and pervasive role in many aspects of our lives. With the rapid growth of social multimedia websites such as YouTube, it has become more important and useful to understand persuasiveness in the context of online social multimedia content. In this paper, we present our results of conducting various analyses of persuasiveness in speech with our multimedia corpus of 1,000 movie review videos obtained from ExpoTV.com, a popular social multimedia website. Our experiments firstly show that a speaker's level of persuasiveness can be predicted from acoustic characteristics and para-verbal cues related to speech fluency. Secondly, we show that taking acoustic cues in different time periods of a movie review can improve the performance of predicting a speaker's level of persuasiveness. Lastly, we show that a speaker's positive or negative attitude toward a topic influences the prediction performance as well.
Influence of Game Format and Number of Players on Heart Rate Responses and Physical Demands in Small-Sided Soccer Games

Abstract Castellano, J, Casamichana, D, and Dellal, A. Influence of game format and number of players on heart rate responses and physical demands in small-sided soccer games. J Strength Cond Res 27(5): 1295–1303, 2013—The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which changing the game format (possession play vs. regulation goals and goalkeepers vs. small goals only) and the number of players (3 vs. 3, 5 vs. 5 and 7 vs. 7) influenced the physiological and physical demands of small-sided games (SSGs) in soccer in semiprofessional players. Fourteen semiprofessional male soccer players were monitored with global positioning system and heart rate devices. Heart rate, player load, distance covered, running speed, and the number of accelerations were recorded for 9 different SSGs. The results show that changes both in game format and the number of players affect the players' physiological and physical demands. Possession play places greater physiological and physical demands on players, although reducing the number of players only increases the physiological load. In the 7 vs. 7 games, changing the game format did not alter the heart rate responses. Finally, in the possession play format, changing the number of players did not produce significant differences in heart rate responses, although physical demands did decrease in line with a reduction in the number of players. These results should help coaches to understand how modifying different aspects of SSGs has a differential effect on the players' physiological and physical demands. Moreover, coaches in semiprofessional and amateur teams have now consistent information to design and optimize their training time in mixing the technical, tactical, and physical aspects.
Non-relevance Feedback Document Retrieval using Large Data Set

In interactive document retrieval, we need to find relevant documents to our interest from a large data set of documents, within a few iterations of judgement on retrieved documents. In each iteration, a comparatively small batch of documents is evaluated to establish their relevance to user's interest. This method is also called relevance feedback, and it requires both of relevant and non-relevant documents. However, the documents initially presented for user's judgement do not always include relevant documents. Thus we have proposed a feedback method using information on non-relevant documents only and named this method "non-relevance feedback". Non-relevance feedback selects a set of documents which are discriminated not non-relevant region and are near the discriminant hyperplane based on learning result by One-class Support Vector Machine (One-class SVM). We conducted experiments using large data sets including over 500,000 newspaper articles and confirmed that the proposed method outperformed other methods.
DARK MATTER AND BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS

The recently observed Deuterium abundance in a low-metallicity high-redshift hydrogen cloud, which is about ten times larger than that observed in the near interstellar medium, is that expected from the Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory and the observed abundances of He and Li extrapolated to their primordial values. The inferred cosmic baryon to photon ratio, η = (1.60±0.1)×10, yields a mean cosmic baryon density, in critical mass units, of Ωb ≈ (0.6±0.1)×10 h, where h is the Hubble constant in units of 100 km s Mpc. This baryon density is consistent with the mean cosmic density of matter visible optically and in X-rays. It implies that most of the baryons in the Universe are visible and are not dark. Combined with the observed ratio of baryons to light in X-ray emitting clusters, it yields the value Ω ≈ 0.15 for the mean mass density of the Universe, which is consistent with that obtained from the mass to light ratio in clusters. This mass density is about ten times larger than the mean baryon mass density. It indicates that most of the matter in the Universe consists of nonbaryonic dark matter. ⋆ Supported in part by the Technion Fund for Promotion of Research
Test Case Definition: A New Structural Approach

For nearly three decades the term "Test Case" (TC) has been widely used in software testing as a work unit, a metric and a documentation entity. A thorough review of the extant literature reveals that there is no formal and agreed-upon definition of a TC, in spite of its centrality and extensive use. Following Kaner's (2003) assertion that "good TC is one that gives the required information", we see benefits in formalizing a unified, well defined and structured TC format. In this paper we present a brief literature review of the TC concept, explore the definitions of TCs, propose a classification of the various definitions into four categories, and highlight the conceptualization underlying each category. Undesired implications of this situation are then discussed, and four criteria for a 'good' TC definition are proposed while discussing benefits entailed by such a definition. The paper proceeds by suggesting an alternative structural definition of a TC which complies with the above criteria. The proposed definition illustrates a TC as a composition of five structures. The first four are: TC factors, internal activities and flows, dynamic external interaction entities, and verification actions. A different, fifth structure is the TC output and results. We elaborate on the five structures, illustrate the definition and its benefits via the lens of the four criteria of a 'good' TC, and discuss its use in several applications showing that it addresses issues pertaining to various environments. In conclusion we discuss limitations and future research trajectories opened by the proposed TC definition, as well as its implications for practice.
Morphology , distribution and desiccation in the brown garden snail ( Cantareus aspersus ) in northern New Zealand

Size, density and distribution of the brown garden snail (Cantareus aspersus) were observed relative to cover at a coastal reserve on the North Island, New Zealand. Cover variables depended on vegetation height and available debris (rubbish, wood, cow dung). Air temperature, ground temperature, and relative humidity were recorded continuously during the field survey for the various cover types. Live snails used debris disproportionately as resting habitat, where relative humidity and temperature were the least variable. Desiccation rates were obtained by dehydrating snails of three size-classes and calculating desiccation rates as a function of water loss over time under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Results suggest that the shell aperture:size ratio is an important factor regarding desiccation stress in C. aspersus, especially in young and small-sized snails. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________