Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A configurable nonlinear operation unit for neural network accelerator

With the development of machine learning, neural network accelerators are widely used to speed up the calculation. Many of the accelerators are designed to be configurable so they can be widely used in different situations. Nonlinear operation is essential to a neural network with nonlinear fitting ability As there are a lot of optional nonlinear operations, a configurable nonlinear operation unit is necessary to a configurable neural network accelerator. This paper produced a configurable nonlinear operation unit used in neural network accelerators. It can realize different nonlinear operations by combining some basic operation units together. The connection mode among these basic units can be configured, so the nonlinear operation unit becomes very flexible. In addition, because of the re-use of these basic units, this circuit has an advantage of cell area and power consumption.
Global analysis of gene activity during Arabidopsis seed development and identification of seed-specific transcription factors

Most of the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for controlling seed development are not yet known. To identify TF genes expressed at specific stages of seed development, including those unique to seeds, we used Affymetrix GeneChips to profile Arabidopsis genes active in seeds from fertilization through maturation and at other times of the plant life cycle. Seed gene sets were compared with those expressed in prefertilization ovules, germinating seedlings, and leaves, roots, stems, and floral buds of the mature plant. Most genes active in seeds are shared by all stages of seed development, although significant quantitative changes in gene activity occur. Each stage of seed development has a small gene set that is either specific at the level of the GeneChip or up-regulated with respect to genes active at other stages, including those that encode TFs. We identified 289 seed-specific genes, including 48 that encode TFs. Seven of the seed-specific TF genes are known regulators of seed development and include the LEAFY COTYLEDON (LEC) genes LEC1, LEC1-LIKE, LEC2, and FUS3. The rest represent different classes of TFs with unknown roles in seed development. Promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion experiments and seed mRNA localization GeneChip datasets showed that the seed-specific TF genes are active in different compartments and tissues of the seed at unique times of development. Collectively, these seed-specific TF genes should facilitate the identification of regulatory networks that are important for programming seed development.
KLHL3 Knockout Mice Reveal the Physiological Role of KLHL3 and the Pathophysiology of Pseudohypoaldosteronism Type II Caused by Mutant KLHL3

ABSTRACT Mutations in the with-no-lysine kinase 1 (WNK1), WNK4, kelch-like 3 (KLHL3), and cullin3 (CUL3) genes are known to cause the hereditary disease pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (PHAII). It was recently demonstrated that this results from the defective degradation of WNK1 and WNK4 by the KLHL3/CUL3 ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the other physiological in vivo roles of KLHL3 remain unclear. Therefore, here we generated KLHL3−/− mice that expressed β-galactosidase (β-Gal) under the control of the endogenous KLHL3 promoter. Immunoblots of β-Gal and LacZ staining revealed that KLHL3 was expressed in some organs, such as brain. However, the expression levels of WNK kinases were not increased in any of these organs other than the kidney, where WNK1 and WNK4 increased in KLHL3−/− mice but not in KLHL3+/− mice. KLHL3−/− mice also showed PHAII-like phenotypes, whereas KLHL3+/− mice did not. This clearly demonstrates that the heterozygous deletion of KLHL3 was not sufficient to cause PHAII, indicating that autosomal dominant type PHAII is caused by the dominant negative effect of mutant KLHL3. We further demonstrated that the dimerization of KLHL3 can explain this dominant negative effect. These findings could help us to further understand the physiological roles of KLHL3 and the pathophysiology of PHAII caused by mutant KLHL3.
Compression of auditory space during rapid head turns

Studies of spatial perception during visual saccades have demonstrated compressions of visual space around the saccade target. Here we psychophysically investigated perception of auditory space during rapid head turns, focusing on the “perisaccadic” interval. Using separate perceptual and behavioral response measures we show that spatial compression also occurs for rapid head movements, with the auditory spatial representation compressing by up to 50%. Similar to observations in the visual system, this occurred only when spatial locations were measured by using a perceptual response; it was absent for the behavioral measure involving a nose-pointing task. These findings parallel those observed in vision during saccades and suggest that a common neural mechanism may subserve these distortions of space in each modality.
A Testbed of Performance Evaluation for Fingerprint Based WLAN Positioning System

Fingerprint positioning is a main stream and key technique for seamless positioning systems. In this paper, we develop a performance evaluation testbed for fingerprint based Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) positioning system. The testbed consists of positioning server, positioning terminal, Access Point (AP) units, positioning accuracy analysis system and testing scenarios. Different from other testbeds tended to focus on testing in same situation, in the proposed testbed, a couple of scenarios are set to test the positioning system including indoor and outdoor environments. Handset-side positioning mode and network-side positioning mode are provided simultaneously. Variety of motion models, such as static model, low-speed model and high-speed model are considered as well as different positioning algorithms. Finally, some implementation cases are analyzed to verify the credibility of the testbed.
Alarm limit settings for early warning systems to identify at-risk patients.

AIM This paper is a report of a study conducted to provide objective data to assist with setting alarm limits for early warning systems. BACKGROUND Early warning systems are used to provide timely detection of patient deterioration outside of critical care areas, but with little data from the general ward population to guide alarm limit settings. Monitoring systems used in critical care areas are known for excellent sensitivity in detecting signs of deterioration, but give high false positive alarm rates, which are managed with nurses caring for two or fewer patients. On general wards, nurses caring for four or more patients will be unable to manage a high number of false alarms. Physiological data from a general ward population would help to guide alarm limit settings. METHODS A dataset of continuous heart rate and respiratory rate data from a general ward population, previously collected from July 2003-January 2006, was analyzed for adult patients with no severe adverse events. Dataset modeling was constructed to analyze alarm frequency at varying heart rate and respiratory rate alarm limits. RESULTS A total of 317 patients satisfied the inclusion criteria, with 780.71 days of total monitoring. Sample alarm settings appeared to optimize false positive alarm rates for the following settings: heart rate high 130-135, low 40-45; respiratory rate high 30-35, low 7-8. Rates for each selected limit can be added to calculate the total alarm frequency, which can be used to judge the impact on nurse workflow. CONCLUSION Alarm frequency data will assist with evidence-based configuration of alarm limits for early warning systems.
Quantization Effects in All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops

This brief analyzes the impact of the quantization noise sources in all-digital phase-locked loops (ADPLLs), recently employed as frequency synthesizers. In general, the in-band phase noise is not only caused by the phase quantization of the time-to-digital converter, but also by the frequency quantization of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). The delta-sigma modulator placed at the DCO input refines the frequency quantization and adds another source of in-band PLL noise. Interestingly, the higher the modulator order, the higher this source of in-band phase noise. A method for the estimation of all the quantization noise contributors is provided, which is proven by mixed-mode simulations.
Non‐linear coupling between modes in a low‐dimensional model of ENSO

Abstract An intermediate coupled model of the tropical Pacific ocean‐atmosphere system was reduced by projecting the non‐linear model onto a truncated basis set of its own empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs). For moderate coupling strengths, the simulated El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability consists of a dominant quasi‐quadrennial mode with a period of approximately four years and a smaller quasi‐biennial mode at a period of approximately two years. In the absence of a seasonal cycle, the leading two EOFs capture the dynamics of the leading interannual mode, with a further two EOFs being required to capture the secondary oscillation. The presence of seasonal forcing increases the EOF requirement by two, the leading pair of EOFs being dominated by the annual cycle. Normal mode analysis of the reduced models indicates that the quasi‐biennial mode manifests itself, even though it is linearly stable, by non‐linear coupling to the quasi‐quadrennial mode. The nonlinearity does not produce the quasi‐biennial signal unless the spatial degrees of freedom associated with the linear quasi‐biennial mode are present. Other linearly stable modes also couple non‐linearly to the leading interannual mode and to the seasonal cycle, but the quasi‐biennial mode is favoured over other, less‐damped linear modes because of its proximity to a multiple of the quasi‐quadrennial frequency.
Small Population-Based Particle Swarm Optimization for Short-Term Hydrothermal Scheduling

A small population-based particle swarm optimization (SPPSO) approach is presented to solve the problem of short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHS). In the proposed approach, a novel mutation operation that selects the flying guides for each individual is employed to enhance the diversity of the small population. A DE algorithm is employed as an acceleration operation to accelerate the convergence of the approach in case that the optimal result has no significant improvements after several iterations. A migration operation is adopted to keep the swarm's crowding diversity above a desired level. In addition, a special repair procedure, instead of the penalty function approach, is applied to handle the complex equality constraints of STHS. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through three hydrothermal test systems published in literature. The results are also compared with those obtained by other evolutionary methods. The fuel cost as well as other performance of the proposed approach has been found to be quite impressive. It is shown that the SPPSO approach can provide a better solution at lesser computational time and effort.
Chapter 2 Toxins from Venomous Animals : Gene Cloning , Protein Expression and Biotechnological Applications

Venoms are the secretion of venomous animals, which are synthesized and stored in specific areas of their body i.e., venom glands. The animals use venoms for defense and/or to immo‐ bilize their prey. Most of the venoms are complex mixture of biologically active compounds of different chemical nature such as multidomain proteins, peptides, enzymes, nucleotides, lipids, biogenic amines and other unknown substances. Venomous animals as snakes, spi‐ ders, scorpions, caterpillars, bees, insects, wasps, centipedes, ants, toads and frogs have largely shown biotechnological or pharmacological applications. During long-term evolu‐ tion, venom composition underwent continuous improvement and adjustment for efficient functioning in the killing or paralyzing of prey and/or as a defense against aggressors or predators. Different venom components act synergistically, thus providing efficiency of ac‐ tion of the components. Venom composition is highly species-specific and depends on many factors including age, sex, nutrition and different geographic regions. Toxins, occurring in venoms and poisons of venomous animals, are chemically pure toxic molecules with more or less specific actions on biological systems [1-3]. A large number of toxins have been isolat‐ ed and characterized from snake venoms and snake venoms repertoire typically contain from 30 to over 100 protein toxins. Some of these molecules present enzymatic activities, whereas several others are non-enzymatic proteins and polypeptides. The most frequent en‐ zymes in snake venoms are phospholipases A2, serine proteinases, metalloproteinases, ace‐ tylcholinesterases, L-amino acid oxidases, nucleotidases and hyaluronidases. Higher catalytic efficiency, heat stability and resistance to proteolysis as well as abundance of snake venom enzymes provide them attractive models for biotechnologists, pharmacologists and biochemists [3-4]. Scorpion toxins are classified according to their structure, mode of action,
Mono-Iodoacetate-Induced Histologic Changes in Subchondral Bone and Articular Cartilage of Rat Femorotibial Joints: An Animal Model of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by joint pain and a progressive loss of articular cartilage. Studies to elucidate the pathophysiology of OA have been hampered by the lack of a rapid, reproducible animal model that mimics both the histopathology and symptoms associated with the disease. Injection of mono-iodoacetate (MIA), an inhibitor of glycolysis, into the femorotibial joint of rodents promotes loss of articular cartilage similar to that noted in human OA. Here, we describe the histopathology in the subchondral bone and cartilage of rat (Wistar) knee joints treated with a single intra articular injection of MIA (1 mg) and sacrificed at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days postinjection. Histologically, the early time points (days 1—7) were characterized by areas of chondrocyte degeneration/necrosis sometimes involving the entire thickness of the articular cartilage in the tibial plateaus and femoral condyles. Changes to the subchondral bone, as evidenced by increased numbers of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, were noted at by day 7. By 28 days, there was focal fragmentation and collapse of bony trabeculae with fibrosis and increased osteoclastic activity. By 56 days there were large areas of bone remodeling evidenced by osteoclastic bone resorption and newly formed trabeculae with loss of marrow hematopoietic cells. Subchondral cysts and subchondral sclerosis were present in some rats. In conclusion, intra-articular injection of MIA induces loss of articular cartilage with progression of subchondral bone lesions that mimic those of OA. This model offers a rapid and minimally invasive method to reproduce OA-like lesions in a rodent species.
Antibacterial activity of medicinal plant extracts against Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) that causes bacterial wilt in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants against Ralstonia solanacearum. Bioactive chemicals were extracted from Burcea antidysenterica, Eucalyptus citriodora, Justicia schimperiana, Lantana camara, Melia azedarach and Ricinus communis leaves using maceration method. The bioassay was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The pathogen was isolated from infected Capsicum annuum plants using Casamino acid-Peptone-Glucose agar (CPG) medium. The isolate was identified using cultural, biochemical characteristics, pathogenicity test and found to be R. solanacearum. The methanol extracts had different composition, percentage extract yield, antibacterial activity and relative percentage inhibition. Unlike others, extracts of E. citriodora and R. communis consisted of all the tested secondary metabolites. All species showed antibacterial activity except M. azedarach. Significant differences were recorded in antibacterial activity among species and test concentrations. The highest antibacterial activity and the lowest bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations were found from E. citriodora and R. communis extracts. The higher potency of E. citriodora and R. communis extracts suggested the potential of the two species as a biocide to control bacterial wilt. However, further in vivo studies on these species extracts are compulsory.
Heuristic Rule Learning

The primary goal of the research reported in this thesis is to identify what criteria are responsible for the good performance of a heuristic rule evaluation function in a greedy top-down covering algorithm both in classification and regression. We first argue that search heuristics for inductive rule learning algorithms typically trade off consistency and coverage, and we investigate this trade-off by determining optimal parameter settings for five different parametrized heuristics for classification. In order to avoid biasing our study by known functional families, we also investigate the potential of using metalearning for obtaining alternative rule learning heuristics. The key results of this experimental study are not only practical default values for commonly used heuristics and a broad comparative evaluation of known and novel rule learning heuristics, but we also gain theoretical insights into factors that are responsible for a good performance. Additionally, we evaluate the spectrum of different search strategies to see whether separate-and-conquer rule learning algorithms are able to gain performance in terms of predictive accuracy or theory size by using more powerful search strategies like beam search or exhaustive search. Unlike previous results that demonstrated that rule learning algorithms suffer from oversearching, our work pays particular attention to the interaction between the search heuristic and the search strategy. Our results show that exhaustive search has primarily the effect of finding longer, but nevertheless more general rules than hill-climbing search. A second objective is the design of a regression rule learning algorithm. To do so, a novel parametrized regression heuristic is introduced and its parameter is tuned in the same way as before. A new splitpoint generation method is introduced for the efficient handling of numerical attributes. We show that this metric-based algorithm performs comparable to several other regression algorithms. Furthermore, we propose a novel approach for learning regression rules by transforming the regression problem into a classification problem. The key idea is to dynamically define a region around the target value predicted by the rule, and considering all examples within that region as positive and all examples outside that region as negative. In this way, conventional rule learning heuristics may be used for inducing regression rules. Our results show that our heuristic algorithm outperforms approaches that use a static discretization of the target variable, and performs en par with other comparable rule-based approaches, albeit without reaching the performance of statistical approaches. In the end, two case studies on real world problems are presented. The first one deals with the problem of predicting skin cancer and the second one is about decid-
Chaos and dynamics on 0.5-300 ps time scales in vibrationally excited acetylene: Fourier transform of stimulated-emission pumping spectrum.

A recently proposed technique based on the Fourier transform of the spectrum is applied to the stimulated-emission pumping spectrum of acetylene at --26 500 cm/sup -1/ above the vibrational ground state. Correlations on two different time scales (--3 and --45 ps) were found from analysis of low-resolution (0.3 cm/sup -1/) and high-resolution (0.05 cm/sup -1/) spectra, respectively. Additional structure produced dynamic information on a wider (0.5--300 ps) time scale. The results show that acetylene at 26 500 cm/sup -1/ is in the transition from the regular to the chaotic regime.
Dual-band circularly polarized shared-aperture array with wideband and small frequency ratio

A dual-band and dual-circularly polarized (CP) shared-aperture patch array antenna which can be fabricated on a single-layer substrate is proposed in this paper. The array is composed of two wideband CP subarrays operating at different frequencies. The CP senses of the two subarrays can be designed to be same or orthogonal according to the requirement. As one advantage, a small frequency ratio can be obtained easily. To achieve a wideband axial ratio (AR) performance and a compact structure, series-fed patches using sequence rotation technique are employed. An example is designed to show the effectiveness of the method. Simulation results show that bandwidths of 3.2% and 4.3% are obtained successfully for a dual-band dual-CP array operating at 6.83 GHz and 7.14 GHz, respectively, corresponding to a small frequency ratio of 1.05.
Coping effectiveness training for people with spinal cord injury: preliminary results of a controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES To develop and evaluate a brief group-based psychological intervention for improving psychological adjustment and enhancing adaptive coping following spinal cord injury. The Coping Effectiveness Training (CET) programme is grounded on the cognitive theory of stress and coping of Lazarus & Folkman (1984), and represents an original adaptation of the theory to the needs of this client group. DESIGN A controlled trial comparing patients receiving the CET intervention to matched controls in measures of psychological adjustment and coping was used. METHODS Nineteen intervention group participants and 19 matched controls were selected from in-patients at a hospital-based spinal injury rehabilitation centre. Outcome measures of depression, anxiety and coping were collected before, immediately after and six weeks after the intervention. RESULTS Intervention group participants showed significantly greater reductions in levels of depression (p < .01) and anxiety (p < .05) compared to matched controls immediately after the intervention and at six weeks follow-up. There was no evidence of a significantly greater change in the coping strategies used by the intervention group. Participants highlighted their interactions with other group members as the most helpful aspect of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS This evidence suggests that the CET intervention facilitated a significant improvement, in psychological adjustment to spinal cord injury. It is proposed this may be understood in terms of changes in participants' appraisal of the implications of spinal cord injury and of the coping skills needed to continue living meaningful and satisfying lives.
Wild binary segmentation for multiple change-point detection

We propose a new technique, called wild binary segmentation (WBS), for consistent estimation of the number and locations of multiple change-points in data. We assume that the number of change-points can increase to infinity with the sample size. Due to a certain random localisation mechanism, WBS works even for very short spacings between the change-points and/or very small jump magnitudes, unlike standard binary segmentation. On the other hand, despite its use of localisation, WBS does not require the choice of a window or span parameter, and does not lead to a significant increase in computational complexity. WBS is also easy to code. We propose two stopping criteria for WBS: one based on thresholding and the other based on what we term the `strengthened Schwarz information criterion'. We provide default recommended values of the parameters of the procedure and show that it offers very good practical performance in comparison with the state of the art. The WBS methodology is implemented in the R package wbs, available on CRAN. In addition, we provide a new proof of consistency of binary segmentation with improved rates of convergence, as well as a corresponding result for WBS.