Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of Quantified Boolean Formulas

Quantified Boolean formulas (QBF) are a generalization of propositional formulas by allowing universal and existential quantifiers over variables. This enhancement makes QBF a concise and natural modeling language in which problems from many areas, such as planning, scheduling or verification, can often be encoded in a more compact way than with propositional formulas. We introduce in this chapter the syntax and semantics of QBF and present fundamental concepts. This includes normal form transformations and Q-resolution, an extension of the propositional resolution calculus. In addition, Boolean function models are introduced to describe the valuation of formulas and the behavior of the quantifiers. We also discuss the expressive power of QBF and provide an overview of important complexity results. These illustrate that the greater capabilities of QBF lead to more complex problems, which makes it interesting to consider suitable subclasses of QBF. In particular, we give a detailed look at quantified Horn formulas (QHORN) and quantified 2-CNF (Q2-CNF).
Induction of HLA class I and class II expression in human T-lymphotropic virus type I-infected neuroblastoma cells

Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is associated with a neurologic disease, HTLV-I-associated myelopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis, in which both pathological and immunological changes are observed within the central nervous system. The pathogenesis of infection in HTLV-I-associated myopathy-tropical spastic paraparesis is not well understood with respect to the cell tropism of HTLV-I and its relationship to the destruction of neural elements. In this study, neuroblastoma cells were infected with HTLV-I by coculturing with HUT-102 cells to demonstrate that cells of neuronal origin are susceptible to this retroviral infection. HTLV-I infection of the neuroblastoma cells was confirmed by verifying the presence of HTLV-I gp46 surface antigens by flow cytometry and by verifying the presence of HTLV-I pX RNA by Northern (RNA) blotting and in situ hybridization techniques. To determine whether HTLV-I infection could potentially lead to changes in cell surface recognition by the immune system, the infected neuroblastoma cells were analyzed for altered HLA expression. The HTLV-I-infected, cocultured neuroblastoma cells were shown, through cell surface antigen expression and RNA transcripts, to express HLA classes I and II. In contrast, cocultured neuroblastoma cells that did not become infected with HTLV-I expressed only HLA class I. HLA class I expression was enhanced by the cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon and in the presence of HUT-102 supernatant. In this system, expression of HLA class I and II molecules appeared to be regulated by different mechanisms. HLA class I expression was probably induced by cytokines present in the HUT-102 supernatant and was not dependent on HTLV-I infection. HLA class II expression required HTLV-I infection of the cells. The observation of HTLV-I infection leading to HLA induction in these neuroblastoma cells provides a possible mechanism for immunologic recognition of infected neuronal cells.
Modification‐specific proteomics: Strategies for characterization of post‐translational modifications using enrichment techniques

More than 300 different types of protein post‐translational modifications (PTMs) have been described, many of which are known to have pivotal roles in cellular physiology and disease. Nevertheless, only a handful of PTMs have been extensively investigated at the proteome level. Knowledge of protein substrates and their PTM sites is key to dissection of PTM‐mediated cellular processes. The past several years have seen a tremendous progress in developing MS‐based proteomics technologies for global PTM analysis, including numerous studies of yeast and other microbes. Modification‐specific enrichment techniques combined with advanced MS/MS methods and computational data analysis have revealed a surprisingly large extent of PTMs in proteins, including multi‐site, cooperative modifications in individual proteins. We review some of the current strategies employed for enrichment and detection of PTMs in modification‐specific proteomics.
AINTEGUMENTA homolog expression in Gnetum (gymnosperms) and implications for the evolution of ovulate axes in seed plants

SUMMARY The expression of GpANTL1, a homolog of AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) found in the gymnosperm Gnetum parvifolium, was analyzed by RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization. GpANTL1 was expressed in the leaf primordia, root tips, and young ovules. In the ovulate axis, expression was detected as four distinct rings around the outer, middle, and inner envelope primordia as well as around the nucellar tip. This pattern of expression is similar to that of ANT in Arabidopsis thaliana. A comparison of the expression of GpANTL1 with that of PtANTL1 in the conifer Pinus thunbergii suggests that the integrated expression of PtANTL1 may have been caused by congenital fusion of the integument, ovuliferous scale, and bract.
A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of fixed-dose selenomethionine and irinotecan in solid tumors.

PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of irinotecan with fixed, nontoxic high dose of selenomethionine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Selenomethionine was given orally as a single daily dose containing 2,200 mug of elemental selenium (Se) starting 1 week before the first dose of irinotecan. Irinotecan was given i.v. once weekly x 4 every 6 weeks (one cycle). The starting dose of irinotecan was 125 mg/m(2)/wk. Escalation occurred in cohorts of three patients until the MTD was defined. Pharmacokinetic studies were done for selenium and irinotecan and its metabolites. RESULTS: Three of four evaluable patients at dose level 2 of irinotecan (160 mg/m(2)/wk) had a dose-limiting diarrhea. None of the six evaluable patients at dose level 1 (125 mg/m(2)/wk irinotecan) had a dose-limiting toxicity. One patient with history of irinotecan-refractory colon cancer achieved a partial response. The long half-life of selenium resulted in a prolonged accumulation towards steady-state concentrations. No significant changes in the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11, SN-38, or SN-38G were identified; however, the coadministration of selenomethionine significantly reduced the irinotecan biliary index, which has been associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Selenomethionine at 2,200 mug/d did not allow the safe escalation of irinotecan beyond the previously defined MTD of 125 mg/m(2). None of the patients receiving 125 mg/m(2) of irinotecan had grade >2 diarrhea. Unexpected responses and disease stabilizations were noted in a highly refractory population. Further escalation of selenomethionine is recommended in future trials to achieve defined protective serum concentrations of selenium.
The use of neural network technologies to optimize the shape of an object during mass transfer of air

In this article, the authors propose using a neural network to optimize the aerodynamic drag of a body in a gas flow. The use of such optimization methods using evolutionary algorithms makes it possible to obtain a mathematical model that describes the shape of the aerodynamic profile, which allows the operator to easily change parameters. It is shown that the value of the drag force for a body of optimized shape is lower than the values for bodies of rotation and known profiles taken for comparison. As bodies, we can consider parts of engineering structures in the air flow, parts of vehicles, and bodies located in the air flow in the duct, in particular in the duct of the photo separator. The latter is important from the point of view of neural network photo separation of seeds and grain.
The treatment of subfertile men with clomiphene citrate.

Summary. In a double-blind clinical trial, 114 subfertile men were given courses of clomiphene citrate (100 mg daily for three 10-day periods in successive months) and of placebo tablets of identical appear-ance. There were no consistent changes in sperm density. No serious adverse reactions to clomiphene were seen. Further studies are recom-mended on the efficacy of clomiphene in doses of 25 to 50 mg daily for periods of 60 to 90 days.
Cold processed oil-in-water emulsions for dermatological purpose: formulation design and structure analysis

Abstract The aim of this work is to develop, optimize and characterize cold process emulsions that are stable at acidic pH. The main surfactant was selected according to the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) concept and surface tension, whereas polymers were selected by viscoelastic measurements and analytical centrifugation. It was showed that the inclusion of methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer crosslinked with decadiene (PVM/MA) increased the storage modulus (G′) of the gels (23.9–42.1 Pa) two-fold and the droplet migration decreased from 3.66% to 0.95%/h. Cetrimide was selected as a preservative based on its microbiological results and additional contribution to the stability of the emulsions. Four emulsions were developed that differed by the co-emulsifier used (PEG-20 glyceril laurate and polyglyceryl-4-isostearate) and the glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and ethoxydiglycol). Viscoelastic measurements and droplet size/microscopic analysis showed that the structure of PEG-20 glyceril laurate emulsion (η’ = 76.0 Pa.s at 0.01 Hz and 32.9 ± 3.7 µm, respectively) was stronger compared to polyglyceryl-4-isostearate (η’ = 37.4 Pa.s at 0.01 Hz and 37.8 ± 15.7 µm, respectively). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results were in accordance with the latter and showed that PEG-20 glyceril laurate with 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol corresponded to the strongest structure (|224.4| W °C g−1). This cold process allowed a total production savings of more than 17% when compared to the traditional hot process.
Lipid-chemical differences between human cancerous and adenomatous polypous tissues in the large intestine.

13 cases of cancer and 10 cases of adenomatous polyp in the large intestine were studied lipid-chemically on their tissues, in order to clarify the biochemical differences between malignant neoplastic and benign growth. Cancerous or adenomatous polypous tissues were collected by biopsy or surgical operation. The total lipid was extracted from each tissue, and one part of each total lipid fraction was separated into triglyceride and phospholipid fractions by a thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The fatty acid composition and the fatty acid content of each lipid fraction were measured by a gas-liquid chromatography. When the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid is shown in the form of the deviation rate, the deviation rate of C14:0 was remarkably increased and that of C20:4 was remarkably decreased in the cancerous cases, compared with the respective values of the cases of adenomatous polyp. More definite differences were recognized between the cancerous cases and the cases of adenomatous polyp, when the ratio of the deviation rate of C14:0 to that of C20:4 was calculated in each case. Namely, these ratios distributed between 2.404 and 4.125 in 7 cancerous cases, and in 8 cases of adenomatous polyp between 0.564 and 1.856. Thus, if we use this ratio, it would be possible to distinguish the cancerous tissue from the adenomatous polypous tissue.
Early Experience with a Web-based Intervention to Inform Risk of Breast Cancer

The Internet might transform the way in which health information is communicated to patient and general populations. Understanding differences in usage patterns will be critically important to ensuring the successful distribution of health information. The present study presents early data on the use patterns and predictors of use of a Web-based intervention in a population-based subsample of women aged 18—74 in King County, WA. By three months over half (51%) of users had logged into the website, using multiple components. Predictors of use by three months included employment, perceptions of health and mental health scores. These data have implications for how to conduct Web-based intervention research and for individuals that may not benefit from such interventions.
« Metaphor We Live By » : étude analytique des métaphores conceptuelles selon la classification de Lakoff et Johnson. Exemple de cas : les métaphores de sentiment dans le récit des réfugiés syriens

Le present travail presente l’analyse des resultats d’une enquete menee aupres de refugies syriens (six participants) pour examiner l’expression de leurs sentiments sur la vie en Syrie avant et durant la guerre, et ce jusqu’a leur arrivee en Suisse. L’objectif est de scruter les images metaphoriques frequentes dans leur discours en dialecte syrien et de les comparer avec les metaphores correspondantes en francais. Une comparaison des metaphores en arabe et en francais a ete realisee, dans une deuxieme phase, en application des strategies traductives proposees en traductologie et en linguistique cognitive. L’analyse des donnees des entrevues valide l’hypothese sur la preponderance de la variante physique dans l’expression des sentiments de tristesse, nostalgie, espoir, etc. par des images metaphoriques, tenant compte de l’origine culturelle de la metaphore. Elle confirme aussi l’hypothese que la plupart des images conceptuelles sont similaires entre le dialecte syrien et le francais. Neanmoins, elle infirme l’hypothese de l’universalite de la metaphore dans la representation mentale des sentiments.
Anoxic brain injury following near-drowning in children. Rehabilitation outcome: Three case reports

Primary objective: To describe the outcome of near-drowning and rehabilitation contexts for recovery. Methods and procedures: Standardized measures were used to emphasize the functional impact of deficits over the first year post-injury in three children <2 years. Multimodal contexts for meaningful interplay were early adapted to the three cases. Main outcomes and results: The clinical pathways of recovery are identified. Initially all three cases manifested a generalized dystonia. Case 1 exhibited a good outcome with transient dyskinetic-dystonic syndrome; subsequently Bálint's syndrome emerged. In this case, the rehabilitation approach was organized on the pickup of direct perception of task-specific affordances. Cases 2 and 3 had poor outcomes presenting the worsening of torsion dystonia (status dystonicus) that hindered rehabilitation intervention. Conclusions: The dynamic reaggregation of spatial organization through meaningful interaction in specific ecological contexts is the principal goal of rehabilitation intervention. Status dystonicus represents the worst feature for recovery.
Developing ideation cards to support the design of mixed reality games

Mixed reality games combine interactive digital content with real world environments, objects, and actors by utilizing a multitude of different sensors. While offering plenty of opportunities for designers, they are also notoriously difficult to design. This is in part due to them still being a relatively new form of gaming with only very few examples of commercially successful games. This means that the majority of aspiring designers lacks knowledge about the design space of these games – something that is crucial in order to create new and exciting experiences. While there exist several authoring tools to facilitate the development of mixed reality games, these tools do not provide guidance on the game design aspects. The design of mixed reality games is likewise bringing together experts from different domains (e.g. game design, technology, locales). In order to support this multifaceted and collaborative design process I have developed the Mixed Reality Game Cards. These are a deck of ideation cards that encapsulate the design space of mixed reality games in the form of physical playing cards. The cards can be used for rapid idea generation (i.e. creating a multitude of ideas from scratch in a short time) and in-depth idea development (i.e. further expanding and refining an idea). The Mixed Reality Game Cards consist of four types of cards to support idea generation as well as idea development. Opportunity Cards are the building blocks of an idea and describe potential elements of a design. Question Cards prompt the design group to consider the experience from different angles to refine the design. Challenge Cards surface typical design issues and problems that might occur. These domain-specific cards are supported by Theme Cards that are taken from the board game Dixit in order to provide additional domain-extrinsic sources of inspiration. I developed the Mixed Reality Game Cards iteratively over the course of seven studies following a Research through Design approach. This provided valuable insight into what makes ideation cards such powerful facilitators of collaborative design sessions. I identify content, appearance, and rules as crucial elements under direct control of an ideation card designer and tangible as well as playful interactions as dynamics that emerge during an ideation session. This thesis describes the development of the Mixed Reality Game Cards and uses the insights gained from this process to reflect on ideation cards as design tools in general, expanding our understanding of them.
Mobile SMS Spam Filtering for Nepali Text Using Naïve Bayesian and Support Vector Machine

Spam is a universal problem with which everyone is familiar. A number of approaches are used for Spam filtering. The most common filtering technique is content-based filtering which uses the actual text of message to determine whether it is Spam or not. The content is very dynamic and it is very challenging to represent all information in a mathematical model of classification. For instance, in content-based Spam filtering, the characteristics used by the filter to identify Spam message are constantly changing over time. Na? ve Bayes method represents the changing nature of message using probability theory and support vector machine (SVM) represents those using different features. These two methods of classification are efficient in different domains and the case of Nepali SMS or Text classification has not yet been in consideration; these two methods do not consider the issue and it is interesting to find out the performance of both the methods in the problem of Nepali Text classification. In this paper, the Na? ve Bayes and SVM-based classification techniques are implemented to classify the Nepali SMS as Spam and non-Spam. An empirical analysis for various text cases has been done to evaluate accuracy measure of the classification methodologies used in this study. And, it is found to be 87.15% accurate in SVM and 92.74% accurate in the case of Na? ve Bayes.
Dual-Band Wilkinson Power Dividers Using a Series RLC Circuit

This paper describes a novel Wilkinson power divider operating at two arbitrary different frequencies. The proposed divider consists of two-section transmission lines and a series RLC circuit connected between two output ports. The circuit parameters for a dual-band operation are derived by the even/odd mode analysis. Equal power split, complete matching, and good isolation between two output ports are numerically demonstrated. Dual-band and broadband Wilkinson power dividers can be successfully designed. Finally, verification of this design method is also shown by electromagnetic simulations and experiments.
A CD133‐Expressing Murine Liver Oval Cell Population with Bilineage Potential

Although oval cells are postulated to be adult liver stem cells, a well‐defined phenotype of a bipotent liver stem cell remains elusive. The heterogeneity of cells within the oval cell fraction has hindered lineage potential studies. Our goal was to identify an enriched population of bipotent oval cells using a combination of flow cytometry and single cell gene expression in conjunction with lineage‐specific liver injury models. Expression of cell surface markers on nonparenchymal, nonhematopoietic (CD45−) cells were characterized. Cell populations were isolated by flow cytometry for gene expression studies. 3,5‐Diethoxycarbonyl‐1,4‐dihydrocollidine toxic injury induced cell cycling and expansion specifically in the subpopulation of oval cells in the periportal zone that express CD133. CD133+CD45− cells expressed hepatoblast and stem cell‐associated genes, and single cells coexpressed both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte‐associated genes, indicating bilineage potential. CD133+CD45− cells proliferated in response to liver injury. Following toxic hepatocyte damage, CD133+CD45− cells demonstrated upregulated expression of the hepatocyte gene Albumin. In contrast, toxic cholangiocyte injury resulted in upregulation of the cholangiocyte gene Ck19. After 21–28 days in culture, CD133+CD45− cells continued to generate cells of both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte lineages. Thus, CD133 expression identifies a population of oval cells in adult murine liver with the gene expression profile and function of primitive, bipotent liver stem cells. In response to lineage‐specific injury, these cells demonstrate a lineage‐appropriate genetic response. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Cloning of an Inr‐ and E‐box‐binding protein, TFII‐I, that interacts physically and functionally with USF1

The transcription factor TFII‐I has been shown to bind independently to two distinct promoter elements, a pyrimidine‐rich initiator (Inr) and a recognition site (E‐box) for upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1), and to stimulate USF1 binding to both of these sites. Here we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding TFII‐I and demonstrate that the corresponding 120 kDa polypeptide, when expressed ectopically, is capable of binding to both Inr and E‐box elements. The primary structure of TFII‐I reveals novel features that include six directly repeated 90 residue motifs that each possess a potential helix–loop/span–helix homology. These unique structural features suggest that TFII‐I may have the capacity for multiple protein–protein and, potentially, multiple protein–DNA interactions. Consistent with this hypothesis and with previous in vitro studies, we further demonstrate that ectopic TFII‐I and USF1 can act synergistically, and in some cases independently, to activate transcription in vivo through both Inr and the E‐box elements of the adenovirus major late promoter. We also describe domains of USF1 that are necessary for its independent and synergistic activation functions.