Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
L'accès des entreprises au crédit bancaire

Si le droit a la validation des acquis de l’experience est avant tout un droit individuel inscrit dans le code du Travail, des employeurs, des branches professionnelles et des collectifs associatifs commencent neanmoins a mettre en place des dispositifs collectifs specifiques, destines a en faciliter l’acces aux salaries. Cet article montre d’abord autour de quels enjeux s’organisent les operations collectives de VAE : valorisation de metiers et de secteurs en developpement mais peu consideres, prevention de restructurations, creation d’espaces de mobilite professionnelle au-dela des frontieres de l’entreprise, regulation de secteurs professionnels eclates en petites structures. L’article entre ensuite dans le maquis des dispositifs pour decrire les differentes formes de soutien organisationnel apporte aux candidats en termes de financement, de procedure, d’accompagnement ou de mise a disposition d’outils, en montrant que ce soutien est decisif pour la reussite des parcours VAE. Enfin, en revenant sur l’experience qu’ont pu faire les candidats de l’exercice de leur droit individuel dans le cadre de ces operations collectives, l’article releve quelques tensions inherentes a ces types de dispositifs. L’ensemble de cette reflexion amene a s’interroger sur les formes de garanties et de regulation qui pourraient etre mises en place pour proteger l’exercice par les salaries de leur droit a la VAE, dans un contexte ou le tempo est, le plus souvent, largement impose par l’employeur.
Law Enforcement Response to “Frequent Fliers”

This article examines a subset of justice-involved persons with mental illness who have repeated contacts with law enforcement officers. Previous work has alluded to this sub-population—often termed “frequent fliers”—but little research has empirically examined its size and nature. This study proposes a method of identifying frequent fliers that is based on the amount of time elapsed between multiple mental-health-related contacts with police. Using more or less stringent thresholds, the analysis defines several groups of frequent fliers, including rapid cyclers, those having very frequent contacts with police. In considering policy responses to the problem of justice-involved persons with mental illness, addressing the needs of the frequent flier population proves to be a way of targeting limited resources for the most impact.
Can We Talk? How Learning of an Invisible Illness Impacts Forecasted Relational Outcomes

Extant communication research investigating illnesses highlights the importance of benefits garnered from established relationships, such as social support. Yet, less is known about how illness impacts the development of new relationships. Thus, two commonly researched pervasive illnesses were selected (HIV and cancer) to discover how they impact forecasted relational outcomes. Using predicted outcome value theory (Sunnafrank, 1986), a convenience sample (average age of less than 20) assessed POV judgments and anticipated communication (anticipated amount of communication, information seeking, and intimacy) of a hypothetical target. It was found that POV judgments were significantly lower for HIV+ targets compared to cancer stricken and healthy targets. Yet, in contrast to POV judgments, significantly more communication was anticipated with a cancer-stricken individual compared to a healthy individual. Implications for illness and POV research are discussed.
Self-reported weight status and dieting in a cross-sectional sample of young adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III.

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of self-reported weight status and dieting to actual weight and height in a cross-sectional nationally representative sample of young adolescents. METHODS Weights and heights were obtained on 1932 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Information on adolescents' perception of weight status, desired weight, and weight loss attempts was obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS Adolescents' reports of whether they considered themselves overweight or normal weight correlated poorly with medical definitions of overweight: 52% of girls who considered themselves overweight were, in fact, normal weight (body mass index < or = 85th percentile), while only 25% of boys who considered themselves overweight were normal weight (P<.001). Adolescent white girls were significantly more likely to consider themselves overweight, even when their weight status was normal, than black girls (P<.001), black boys (P<.001), and white boys (P<.001). Adolescent white girls were also more likely to diet than black girls (P<.001), black boys (P<.001), and white boys (P<.001). Dieting behavior was associated with whether adolescents viewed themselves as overweight independent of whether they actually were overweight. Racial differences between dieting and self-perceived weight status were limited to girls. There were no significant differences in self-perceived weight status (P = .28), dieting behaviors (P = .99), and desire to weigh less (P = .95) among black and white boys. CONCLUSIONS Significant sex and racial differences existed in weight perception, desired weight, and dieting. A high proportion of normal-weight white girls consider themselves overweight and have attempted to lose weight.
The 1.8 A crystal structure of human cathepsin G in complex with Suc‐Val‐Pro‐PheP‐(OPh)2: a Janus‐faced proteinase with two opposite specificities.

The crystal structure of human neutrophil cathepsin G, complexed with the peptidyl phosphonate inhibitor Suc‐Val‐Pro‐PheP‐(OPh)2, has been determined to a resolution of 1.8 A using Patterson search techniques. The cathepsin G structure shows the polypeptide fold characteristic of trypsin‐like serine proteinases and is especially similar to rat mast cell proteinase II. Unique to cathepsin G, however, is the presence of Glu226 (chymotrypsinogen numbering), which is situated at the bottom of the S1 specificity pocket, dividing it into two compartments. For this reason, the benzyl side chain of the inhibitor PheP residue does not fully occupy the pocket but is, instead, located at its entrance. Its positively charged equatorial edge is involved in a favourable electrostatic interaction with the negatively charged carboxylate group of Glu226. Arrangement of this Glu226 carboxylate would also allow accommodation of a Lys side chain in this S1 pocket, in agreement with the recently observed cathepsin G preference for Lys and Phe at P1. The cathepsin G complex with the covalently bound phosphonate inhibitor mimics a tetrahedral substrate intermediate. A comparison of the Arg surface distributions of cathepsin G, leukocyte elastase and rat mast cell protease II shows no simple common recognition pattern for a mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor‐independent targeting mechanism for sorting of these granular proteinases.
Two novel reordering methods for MIMO sphere detection based on MMSE detection

Sphere detection (SD) can significantly reduce the complexity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maximum-likelihood (ML) detection, but the complexity of SD is still too high to be applied to the practical system. In order to reduce the complexity of SD, two novel reordering methods based minimum mean square error (MMSE) detection are presented in this paper. Rule-R is based on the reliability of the MMSE detector's decision variable which depends on the magnitude and the SINR of the decision variable. The other method, Rule-M, is a simplified version of Rule-R and only depends on the magnitude of the decision variable. We show that both of them can significantly reduce the complexity with few additional computations. For original SD, both the rules cause no performance degradation. While if some other suboptimal SD were used, the proposed algorithms can both provide computational efficiency and performance improvement.
On the reliability and efficiency of novel programming architectures for next-generation flash memories

NAND Flash memories are currently the most popular non-volatile memory elements. Multi-level memory cells and the technologic possibility of producing very small memory cells lead their storage capacity to increase enormously, and yet the aim of the next-generation Flash memory producers is to build smaller and denser memory cells. On the other hand, these improvements make the performance of these devices considerably unreliable since major error sources are significantly amplified as the Flash memories get smaller and denser. In this paper, we study the error performance and also information theoretic channel capacity of conventional and proposed programming methods for Flash memories. Our computer simulation results indicate that the proposed methods can not only improve the error performance, but also increase the transmission efficiency by delivering a higher channel capacity under severe-interference channel, which is the scenario for the next-generation Flash memories.
Electrogastrography in Adults and Children: The Strength, Pitfalls, and Clinical Significance of the Cutaneous Recording of the Gastric Electrical Activity

Cutaneous electrogastrography (EGG) is a non-invasive technique to record gastric myoelectrical activity from the abdominal surface. Although the recent rapid increase in the development of electrocardiography, EGG still suffers from several limitations. Currently, computer analysis of EGG provides few reliable parameters, such as frequency and the percentage of normal and altered slow wave activity (bradygastria and tachygastria). New EGG hardware and software, along with an appropriate arrangement of abdominal electrodes, could detect the coupling of the gastric slow wave from the EGG. At present, EGG does not diagnose a specific disease, but it puts in evidence stomach motor dysfunctions in different pathological conditions as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Despite the current pitfalls of EGG, a multitasking diagnostic protocol could involve the EGG and the 13C-breath testing for the evaluation of the gastric emptying time—along with validated gastrointestinal questionnaires and biochemical evaluations of the main gastrointestinal peptides—to identify dyspeptic subgroups. The present review tries to report the state of the art about the pathophysiological background of the gastric electrical activity, the recording and processing methodology of the EGG with particular attention to multichannel recording, and the possible clinical application of the EGG in adult and children.
Support of Anonymity in VANETs - Putting Pseudonymity into Practice

Despite great advantages of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), they also introduce challenges with respect to security and privacy. Today, people are more and more concerned about their privacy. Using unique identifiers for communication, a vehicle can easily be located and tracked. Alternatively, a technical solution to protect drivers' privacy is the use of changing pseudonyms. Existing work mainly focuses on algorithms for pseudonym change and neglect practical implications and realizability. For deployment and integration of pseudonymity into a VANET communication system, several issues need to be solved. This paper analyzes the practical challenges and proposes protocol- and implementation-related solutions necessary to turn pseudonymity support into practice. Finally, the paper concludes by means of analysis and measurements that the burden of pseudonymity can be alleviated at reasonable costs and compromises in anonymity support.
DETERMINATE SENTENCING AND ABOLISHING PAROLE: THE LONG‐TERM IMPACTS ON PRISONS AND CRIME*

We estimate the impact of determinate sentencing laws (DSLs) on prison commitments, prison populations, and Uniform Crime Report crime rates. Ten states enacted these laws between 1976 and 1984; all abolished parole and most established presumptive sentences. The research uses a multiple time-series design that, among other benefits, controls for national trends and facilitates the use of control variables. We found that DSLs are clearly associated with prison population growth in only one state, Indiana, and with major reductions in two, Minnesota and Washington. The remaining laws show no evidence of increasing populations and may have reduced them somewhat. The estimated impacts on commitments are similarly varied. There is little or no evidence that DSLs affect crime. Earlier studies evaluating individual DSLs are often criticized for poor research designs, and our findings support the criticisms.
The effect of femoral offset modification on gait after total hip arthroplasty

Background and purpose — A decrease of 15% in femoral offset (FO) has been reported to generate a weakness of the abductor muscle, but this has not been directly linked to an alteration of gait. Our hypothesis was that this 15% decrease in FO may also generate a clinically detectable alteration in the gait. Patients and methods — We performed a prospective comparative study on 28 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) for unilateral primary osteoarthritis. The 3D hip anatomy was analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively. 3 groups were defined according to the alteration in FO following surgery: a minimum decrease of 15% (9 patients), restored (14), and a minimum increase of 15% (5). A gait analysis was performed at 1-year follow-up using an ambulatory device. Each limb was compared to the contralateral healthy limb. Results — In contrast to the “restored” group and the “increased” group, in the “decreased” group there was a statistically significant asymmetry between sides, with reduced range of motion and a lower maximal swing speed on the operated side. Interpretation — A decrease in FO of 15% or more after THA leads to an alteration in the gait. We recommend 3-D preoperative planning because the FO may be underestimated by up to 20% on radiographs and it may therefore not be restored, with clinical consequences.
Differential Privacy

Differential privacy provides a way to get useful information about sensitive data without revealing much about any one individual. It enjoys many nice compositionality properties not shared by other approaches to privacy, including, in particular, robustness against side-knowledge. Designing differentially private mechanisms from scratch can be a challenging task. One way to make it easier to construct new differential private mechanisms is to design a system which allows more complex mechanisms (programs) to be built from differentially private building blocks in principled way, so that the resulting programs are guaranteed to be differentially private by construction. This paper is about a new accounting principle for building differentially private programs. It is based on a simple generalisation of classic differential privacy which we call Personalised Differential Privacy (PDP). In PDP each individual has its own personal privacy level. We describe ProPer, a interactive system for implementing PDP which maintains a privacy budget for each individual. When a primitive query is made on data derived from individuals, the provenance of the involved records determines how the privacy budget of an individual is affected: the number of records derived from Alice determines the multiplier for the privacy decrease in Alice's budget. This offers some advantages over previous systems, in particular its fine-grained character allows better utilisation of the privacy budget than mechanisms based purely on the concept of global sensitivity, and it applies naturally to the case of a live database where new individuals are added over time. We provide a formal model of the ProPer approach, prove that it provides personalised differential privacy, and describe a prototype implementation based on McSherry's PINQ system.
GUI testing using computer vision

Testing a GUI's visual behavior typically requires human testers to interact with the GUI and to observe whether the expected results of interaction are presented. This paper presents a new approach to GUI testing using computer vision for testers to automate their tasks. Testers can write a visual test script that uses images to specify which GUI components to interact with and what visual feedback to be observed. Testers can also generate visual test scripts by demonstration. By recording both input events and screen images, it is possible to extract the images of components interacted with and the visual feedback seen by the demonstrator, and generate a visual test script automatically. We show that a variety of GUI behavior can be tested using this approach. Also, we show how this approach can facilitate good testing practices such as unit testing, regression testing, and test-driven development.
New insights into the role of the disordered WIP N‐terminal domain revealed by NMR structural characterization

WASp‐interacting protein (WIP) is an intrinsically disordered 503‐residue polypeptide with a key role in actin polymerization in activated T cells. Its interaction with actin is mediated by a pair of conserved actin binding motifs (ABMs) at the WIP N‐terminus, a domain that has not been investigated in its unbound form. Here we use NMR to investigate the biophysical behavior of the N‐terminal ABM in WIP using protonless 13C′‐detected spectroscopy. Secondary chemical shifts, residual dipolar couplings and temperature effects identify residual structure throughout the ABM, which exhibits transient helical and β‐strand character for residues 30–42 and 44–62, respectively. These observed structural propensities echo the structure observed in the actin‐bound state of the ABM. Furthermore, residues preceding the canonical ABM (17–25) and conserved among WIP‐related proteins exhibit transient β‐strand character, suggesting that the WIPN interaction epitope extends towards the N‐terminal polyproline motif. This suggests a possible role for this region in mediating the WIP interaction with polyproline binders such as profilin. In revealing these features of the WIP ABM this study demonstrates the unique ability of NMR in characterizing unstructured domains and provides necessary information for further investigation of WIP‐mediated protein–protein interactions.
Multidimensional scaling of political parties A methodological study

— With 7 Norwegian parties as stimuli, comparisons were made of various content and distance approaches to scaling. As expected, the former gave two factors, socialistic and nonsocialistic, and the latter gave one bipolar dimension, interpreted as socialistic-non-socialistic. Individual differences in structure were not found. Among several principles of similarity, Ekman's original (1961) gave the best fit. It is maintained, however, that the fundamental vector model of the content approach is inadequate, both for theoretical reasons and because subjects are unable to operate in accordance with it.
R56865, a Na(+)- and Ca(2+)-overload inhibitor, reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in blood-perfused rabbit hearts.

The cardioprotective effects of R56865 were studied in isolated rabbit hearts, blood-perfused with a support rabbit system. The effect on ischemic injury was evaluated by comparing myocardial contracture and contents of ATP catabolites and of lactate during 60 min of normothermic ischemia in untreated hearts (group I) and in hearts treated with 0.63 mg/kg of R56865 starting 20 min before ischemia (group II; n = 5 in each group). R56865 delayed the onset, and decreased the extent of ischemic contracture, but had no effect on the myocardial content of ATP, of its catabolites of lactate. The effect on reperfusion injury was studied by monitoring left ventricular function during 80-min reperfusion after the 60-min ischemia in three groups (n = 6 in each): an untreated group (group I) and two groups treated with R56865 given either before (group II) or after ischemia (group III). Ultrastructural changes and cellular calcium distribution after reperfusion were also studied. R56865 improved the recovery of function and prevented contracture during reperfusion. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 13.2 +/- 2.8 mmHg in group II and 31.3 +/- 8.1 mmHg in group III vs 45.0 +/- 2.6 mmHg in group I (P < 0.0001 for II vs I; P > 0.05 for III vs I). Left ventricular developed pressure, maximum dP/dt and minimum dP/dt recovered to 71.0 +/- 5.4%, 98.9 +/- 6.1%, 85.3 +/- 4.8% of baseline values, respectively, in group II, to 64.5 +/- 3.0% (P > 0.05), 76.8 +/- 3.0%, 70.2 +/- 4.0% in group III, vs 52.0 +/- 6.5%, 58.9 +/- 6.9% and 53.6 +/- 5.8% in untreated hearts (P < 0.05 for II or III vs I). Coronary flow was 24.5 +/- 2.2 ml/min and 19.8 +/- 1.8 ml/min in groups II and III vs 14.8 +/- 0.7 ml/min (P < 0.05) in the untreated group. On histology the myocardium in hearts treated either before or after ischemia was well protected and calcium distribution was almost normal after reperfusion, while in untreated hearts, most of the myocardium displayed irreversible damage accompanied by massive intracellular calcium accumulation. We conclude that R56865 could attenuate Ca(2+)-overload, thereby reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury after an extended period of ischemia.
Destination travel patterns: An examination and modeling of tourist patterns on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Abstract This article examines tourist travel patterns at the meso level of a destination region. The destination region used for the study was Vancouver Island, British Columbia. A number of hypotheses were examined regarding the summer travel patterns in this relatively closed destination region. These included an assessment of the distance decay concept, as applied to the tourist volumes associated with increasing distance from the principal gateways, and an examination of area familiarity as an explanation of the distortion between reported and actual travel behavior. The actual travel patterns were subsequently used to create a probability matrix of future trip behavior for island visitors. The revealed travel patterns and the probability matrix are used to suggest some future tourism development and planning strategies for Vancouver Island.
On the Effectiveness of using Sentence Compression Models for Query-Focused Multi-Document Summarization

This paper applies sentence compression models for the task of query-focused multi-document summarization in order to investigate if sentence compression improves the overall summarization performance. Both compression and summarization are considered as global optimization problems and solved using integer linear programming (ILP). Three different models are built depending on the order in which compression and summarization are performed: 1) ComFirst (where compression is performed first), 2) SumFirst (where important sentence extraction is performed first), and 3) Combined (where compression and extraction are performed jointly via optimizing a combined objective function). Sentence compression models include lexical, syntactic and semantic constraints while summarization models include relevance, redundancy and length constraints. A comprehensive set of query-related and importance-oriented measures are used to define the relevance constraint whereas four alternative redundancy constraints are employed based on different sentence similarity measures using a) cosine similarity, b) syntactic similarity, c) semantic similarity, and d) extended string subsequence kernel (ESSK). Empirical evaluation on the DUC benchmark datasets demonstrates that the overall summary quality can be improved significantly using global optimization with semantically motivated models.