Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Research on credit rating of SMEs based on combination evaluation

Credit rating refers to the commercial bank overall analyzes customers' operating level, financial position, profitability, management level, development perspectives and so on. Credit rating reflects default risk of customer and furnishes basis for loan. This paper gives credit evaluation index system consist of financial position of non-financial position, determines credit rating evaluation criteria by the sample data. At the same time, through combinatorial optimization of subjective weight and objective weight, this paper not only retain reflection of the actual situation of objective weight, but also reflects the knowledge and experience of experts of subjective weight. This can improve the accuracy of loan credit rating, and the bank can control the loan risk of small enterprise.
Direct-MUSIC on sparse arrays

Nested and coprime arrays are sparse arrays which can identify O(m2) sources using only m sensors. Systematic algorithms have recently been developed for such identification. These algorithms are traditionally implemented by performing MUSIC or a similar algorithm in the difference-coarray domain. This paper considers the use of nested and coprime arrays for the case where the number of sources is less than m. It will be demonstrated that there are some important advantages even in this case. With the number of sources limited like this, it is possible to use MUSIC directly on the nested or coprime array rather than in the coarray domain. But owing to array sparsity, the unambiguous identifiability property has to be revisited. This paper first mentions two results for such identifiability. Second, the improvement in the Cramer-Rao bound (over uniform linear arrays or ULAs) is analyzed. One conclusion is that the CRB improvements of nested and coprime arrays are comparable to those of other known sparse arrays such as MRAs. It is also observed that nested and coprime arrays have higher resolvability than the ULA, for a fixed number of sensors.
Relations between executive function and emotionality in preschoolers: Exploring a transitive cognition–emotion linkage

Emotions play a crucial role in appraisal of experiences and environments and in guiding thoughts and actions. Moreover, executive function (EF) and emotion regulation (ER) have received much attention, not only for positive associations with children’s social–emotional functioning, but also for potential central roles in cognitive functioning. In one conceptualization of ER (Campos etal., 2004), processes of ER, and those of emotional expression and experience (hereafter referred to as emotionality) are highly related and reciprocal; yet, there has been little research on young children’s EF that focuses on emotionality, although it is easily observed within a classroom. The two goals of the study were to: (1) investigate the relatively unexplored role of emotionality in the development of EF in early childhood and (2) assess the relations between an observational rating of EF obtained after direct assessment with a standardized EF rating scale. We predicted that observed emotionality and EF would both demonstrate stability and predict one another within and across time. 175 children aged 35–60 months were recruited from Head Start and private childcare centers. Using partial least squares modeling, we chose T1 emotionality as the exogenous variable and tested pathways between emotionality and EF across two time points, 6 months apart. Results showed that both T1 observed EF and emotionality predicted their respective T2 counterparts, supporting the idea that both constructs build upon existing systems. Further, T1 emotionality predicted T1 observed EF and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. In turn, T1 observed EF predicted emotionality and the T2 BRIEF-P composite. These findings fit with literature on older populations in which EF and emotionality have been related, yet are the first to report such relations in early childhood. Last, T1 observed EF’s positive prediction of the T2 BRIEF-P composite lends credence to the use of both EF measures in applied and research settings.
Used planet: A global history

Human use of land has transformed ecosystem pattern and process across most of the terrestrial biosphere, a global change often described as historically recent and potentially catastrophic for both humanity and the biosphere. Interdisciplinary paleoecological, archaeological, and historical studies challenge this view, indicating that land use has been extensive and sustained for millennia in some regions and that recent trends may represent as much a recovery as an acceleration. Here we synthesize recent scientific evidence and theory on the emergence, history, and future of land use as a process transforming the Earth System and use this to explain why relatively small human populations likely caused widespread and profound ecological changes more than 3,000 y ago, whereas the largest and wealthiest human populations in history are using less arable land per person every decade. Contrasting two spatially explicit global reconstructions of land-use history shows that reconstructions incorporating adaptive changes in land-use systems over time, including land-use intensification, offer a more spatially detailed and plausible assessment of our planet's history, with a biosphere and perhaps even climate long ago affected by humans. Although land-use processes are now shifting rapidly from historical patterns in both type and scale, integrative global land-use models that incorporate dynamic adaptations in human–environment relationships help to advance our understanding of both past and future land-use changes, including their sustainability and potential global effects.
Modeling Socio-Cultural Phenomena in Discourse

Abstract In this paper, we describe a novel approach to computational modeling and understanding of social and cultural phenomena in multi-party dialogues. We developed a two-tier approach in which we first detect and classify certain sociolinguistic behaviors, including topic control, disagreement, and involvement, that serve as first-order models from which presence the higher level social roles, such as leadership, may be inferred.
The dynamic relationship between cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spikes and the spikelet number of complex spikes

Purkinje cells are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex and fire two distinct types of action potential: simple spikes and complex spikes. Previous studies have mainly considered complex spikes as unitary events, even though the waveform is composed of varying numbers of spikelets. The extent to which differences in spikelet number affect simple spike activity (and vice versa) remains unclear. We found that complex spikes with greater numbers of spikelets are preceded by higher simple spike firing rates but, following the complex spike, simple spikes are reduced in a manner that is graded with spikelet number. This dynamic interaction has important implications for cerebellar information processing, and suggests that complex spike spikelet number may maintain Purkinje cells within their operational range.
Effects of Synchronization of Carbohydrate and Protein Supply in Total Mixed Ration with Korean Rice Wine Residue on Ruminal Fermentation, Nitrogen Metabolism and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Holstein Steers

Three Holstein steers in the growing phase, each with a ruminal cannula, were used to test the hypothesis that the synchronization of the hourly rate of carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) released in the rumen would increase the amount of retained nitrogen for growth and thus improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). In Experiment 1, in situ degradability coefficients of carbohydrate and N in feeds including Korean rice wine residue (RWR) were determined. In Experiment 2, three total mixed ration (TMR) diets having different rates of carbohydrate and N release in the rumen were formulated using the in situ degradability of the feeds. All diets were made to contain similar contents of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) but varied in their hourly pattern of nutrient release. The synchrony index of the three TMRs was 0.51 (LS), 0.77 (MS) and 0.95 (HS), respectively. The diets were fed at a restricted level (2% of the animal’s body weight) in a 3×3 Latin-square design. Synchronizing the hourly supply of energy and N in the rumen did not significantly alter the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, NDF or acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p>0.05). The ruminal NH3-N content of the LS group at three hours after feeding was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the other groups; however, the mean values of ruminal NH3-N, pH and VFA concentration among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In addition, the purine derivative (PD) excretion in urine and microbial-N production (MN) among the three groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). In conclusion, synchronizing dietary energy and N supply to the rumen did not have a major effect on nutrient digestion or microbial protein synthesis (MPS) in Holstein steers.
Internet Dependence in an Undergraduate Population

This study examined the relationship between Internet dependence in university students and forms of coping with stress and self-efficacy and investigated whether Internet dependence varies according to such variables as sex roles, gender, and duration of Internet use. The study was performed with 632 university students. The Internet Addiction Test, the Coping With Stress Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Bem Sex Role Inventory Test, and a Personal Information Form were used in the collection of data. Results revealed a significant negative correlation between Internet dependence and the seeking social support form of coping with stress. A significant negative correlation was also determined between Internet dependence and self-efficacy. In addition, university students’ Internet addiction scores varied significantly depending on sex roles.
Putting Children First: How Low-Wage Working Mothers Manage Child Care

ings of masculinity as the cause of sexual harassment. These three chapters, and a number of the others, challenge claims that all men are potential harassers, and all women, potential victims: Some men are victimized and some women harass. They demonstrate that understanding sexual harassment requires a nuanced definition of male domination, one that can appreciate how race, class, and sexual oppression intersect with gender inequality.
Evidence for a locus on chromosome 1 that influences vulnerability to alcoholism and affective disorder.

OBJECTIVE Depression (major depression or depressive syndrome) is more prevalent in alcoholic than in nonalcoholic subjects in families with multiple members with alcoholism studied as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism). First-degree relatives of probands with comorbid alcoholism and depression have a higher prevalence of both disorders than relatives of probands with alcoholism alone, and both groups have a higher prevalence than the relatives of comparison subjects selected without regard to psychopathology. Data from the collaborative study were used to test three phenotypes (comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression) for genetic linkage. METHOD Genome-wide sibling-pair linkage analyses were performed with the phenotypes comorbid alcoholism and depression, alcoholism or depression, and depression (major depression or depressive syndrome). Analyses were performed in two data sets (initial and replication data sets) from subject groups ascertained with identical criteria, as well as in the combined data set. RESULTS Peak lod scores on chromosome 1 (near 120 centimorgan) for the alcoholism or depression phenotype were 5.12, 1.52, and 4.66 in the initial, replication, and combined data sets, respectively. The corresponding lod scores on chromosome 2 were 2.79, 0.20, and 3.26; on chromosome 6, they were 3.39, 0.00, and 0.92; and on chromosome 16, they were 3.13, 0.00, and 2.06. Lod scores on chromosome 2 for the comorbid alcoholism and depression phenotype in the three data sets were 0.00, 4.12, and 2.16, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a gene or genes on chromosome 1 may predispose some individuals to alcoholism and others to depression (which may be alcohol induced). Loci on other chromosomes may also be of interest.
Modal Verbs for the Advice Move in Advice Columns

The present study investigates how advice writers employ move sequences and modal verbs to achieve intended discourse functions. This paper aims to testify two research hypotheses: 1. Advice writers of different topics employ different moves and modal verbs to achieve discourse function, and 2. The differences may imply writers’ intentions, emotion and expectancy of effects on the readers to interpret. The corpus of five advice columns for investigation is collected from the website Creators.com. Locher’s (2006) ten moves for advice columns and Leech (2005)’s proposal of discourse function of modals are the frameworks for data analysis. The results indicate four frequent moves: advice, assessment, explanation, and general information. In addition, the columnists use different modal verbs in dealing with different issues. This study has shed light on language learning about the discourse function realized by moves and modals.
Calculating emotional score of words for user emotion detection in messenger logs

This paper utilized sentences containing emoticon from the articles in Yahoo! blogs to automatically detect user's emotions from messenger logs. Four approaches, topical approach, emotional approach, retrieval approach, and lexicon approach, were proposed. Forty emoticon classes found in Yahoo! blog articles were used for experiments. Two experiments were performed. The first experiment classified sentences into 40 emoticon classes by calculating emotional scores of words. The second experiment took the Yahoo! and MSN messenger logs collected from users as the experimental materials, classified them into 40 emoticon classes by proposed approaches, and mapped 40 emoticon classes to 6 emotion classes to tell the user's emotion. The best performance of the proposed approaches for user emotion detection was achieved by the topical approach and its micro-average precision 0.48 was satisfactory.
UTILIZATION OF PRAGMA-STYLISTICS STRATEGIES IN LEARNING CONTEXT FOR COMMUNICATING GLOBAL PEACE

Efforts to establish and embed global peace can be started in the context of education. One of them is the use of linguistic strategies used in learning. The linguistic strategy can be a medium to build positive characters of the students. In this situation, language has an important role as it relates to the sociocultural and psychological aspects. These linguistic strategies utilize pragmatics and stylistics markers combined to make permissive (friendly to the human mind) formulation speech acts. This research used a qualitative method with descriptive data presentation. This research will describe the use of stylistics components, such as (1) epizeuxis, (2) parallelism, (3) prolepsis, (4) simile, (5) chiasmus, and (6) positive vs. Negative phrase, and the use of pragmatics component (1) assertives, (2) directives, and (3) expressives speech acts. These linguistic strategies are expected to be used by teachers to form students into agents of peace. Furthermore, these strategies can be used as a guidance in preparing the message of peace that will be distributed around the world. One major implication of the conclusion is using a strategy pragma-stylistic teacher will be easier to invite students to be agents of peace. However, this strategy needs to be aware and accustomed to the structure of the speech delivered well received by students, and the speech will be more permissive.
A compact auto color correlation using binary coding stream for image retrieval

Auto color correlation (ACC) technique is proposed to enhance the availability of image content to capture local spatial correlation among different colors rather than using color correlogram technique. An ACC technique can reduce the size of color correlogram from O(m2d) to O(3md). However, it is still not applicable for query purposes in a large image database and especially in a real time image processing. This paper presents an application of a well studied image coding technique, namely block truncation coding (BTC), to reduce the storage space required and to increase the speed of retrieval for ACC algorithm. When an ACC is represented by using a binary matrix (BTC), it does not reduce the number of bins. Therefore, a decimal conversion of the binary stream in each row of the matrix is presented. The experimental results obtained from the two different techniques, Binary Coding Stream Conversion (BCSC) and ACC techniques, are investigated.
Comparative review of Francisella tularensis and Francisella novicida

Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the acute disease tularemia. Due to its extreme infectivity and ability to cause disease upon inhalation, F. tularensis has been classified as a biothreat agent. Two subspecies of F. tularensis, tularensis and holarctica, are responsible for tularemia in humans. In comparison, the closely related species F. novicida very rarely causes human illness and cases that do occur are associated with patients who are immune compromised or have other underlying health problems. Virulence between F. tularensis and F. novicida also differs in laboratory animals. Despite this varying capacity to cause disease, the two species share ~97% nucleotide identity, with F. novicida commonly used as a laboratory surrogate for F. tularensis. As the F. novicida U112 strain is exempt from U.S. select agent regulations, research studies can be carried out in non-registered laboratories lacking specialized containment facilities required for work with virulent F. tularensis strains. This review is designed to highlight phenotypic (clinical, ecological, virulence, and pathogenic) and genomic differences between F. tularensis and F. novicida that warrant maintaining F. novicida and F. tularensis as separate species. Standardized nomenclature for F. novicida is critical for accurate interpretation of experimental results, limiting clinical confusion between F. novicida and F. tularensis and ensuring treatment efficacy studies utilize virulent F. tularensis strains.
Enumerating the Non-Isomorphic Assembly Configurations of Modular Robotic Systems

A modular robotic system consists of standardized joint and link units that can be assembled into a number of different kinematic configu rations to meet various task requirements. Owing to typical symme tries in module design, different assembly configurations may lead to robotic structures that are geometrically identical, or isomorphic. This paper focuses on the problem of enumerating the set ofkinemat ically distinct modular robot assembly configurations from a given set of modules. We first consider how to enumerate the nonisomor phic (or geometrically unique) assembly configurations of a modular robotic system. Our scheme is based on a novel representation of a modular robot assembly configuration as an assembly incidence matrix (AIM). Equivalence relations based on symmetries in mod ule geometry and graph isomorphisms are defined on the AIMs. An enumeration algorithm to generate nonisomorphic assembly config urations based on this equivalence relation is proposed. We then present an algorithm to identify the kinematically equivalent robots. The application of these two algorithms will result in the set of kine matically unique assembly configurations. Examples demonstrate that this method is a significant improvement over a brute-force enu meration process.
Attention driven memory

Categorization is a skill which is used extensively in everyday life and as therefore an important aspect of human cognition. Consequently a variety of studies exist which address the topic and revealed that diverse factors affect human categorization performance. A critical but not extensively studied factor is time. Imagine watching a basketball game for 30 minutes. In this period of time plenty of actions will take place resulting in diverse impressions which make you afterwards categorize the game as interesting or boring. Such a categorization task is very similar to a time series classification task in the context of machine learning. In the field of machine learning a phenomen called “vanishing gradient” is known which makes it generally hard to solve such a categorization task. A prominent method that overcomes this phenomen is the long short term memory which basicly consists of a memory that is controlled by two gate units which can be interpreted as adaptive encoding and recall units. Critical points which make the processing of the structure differ from human processing concern the encoding and the storage: (1) The structure is built to massively store information instead of carefully selecting few impressions for storage in memory. (2) Reweighting of stored information due to changing constellations is not possible. Coming back to the example this would mean that a nice action at the beginning of the game has a strong impact on your categorization independent of what kind of actions - might they be impressive or not - followed afterwards. In this work we tackle these points through introducing an attention mechanism which drives the encoding and the storage of the structure. We analyse the model behavior in category learning tasks.
Extended Goals for Composing Services

The ability to automatically compose Web Services is critical for realising more complex functionalities. Several proposals to use automated planning to deal with the problem of service composition have been recently made. We present an approach, based on modelling the problem as a CSP (Constraint Satisfaction Problem), that accommodates for the use of numeric variables, sensing and incomplete knowledge. We introduce a language for expressing extended goals, equipped with temporal constructs, maintainability properties, and an explicit distinction between sensing and achievement goals, in order to avoid undesirable situations.
Executing E-LOTOS processes in Maude

Rewriting logic can be used as a semantic framework where the formal structural operational semantics of specification languages as E-LOTOS can be described in a easy way. E-LOTOS has been developed within ISO for the formal specification of open distributed concurrent systems in general. Its formal semantics has been already defined, but tools need to be developed in order to show the features of the language, and to check the correctness of the specifications. By using the rewriting logic language Maude, not only the E-LOTOS semantic rules can be described, but they can be executed. Furthermore, due to the rewriting logic reflective capabilities, properties about the E-LOTOS specifications can be proved in the same framework. For example, both an E-LOTOS protocol specification and the tool that checks it by exploring all its behaviours can be implemented by using the Maude language. This approach has been successfully applied to the Milner’s toy language CCS, defining its semantics and verifying processes written in that language. The same ideas are being extended to a bigger language such as E-LOTOS.