Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperinsulinemia leads to uncoupled insulin regulation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter and the FoxO1 transcription factor

Insulin resistance is a component of the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. It has been recently shown that in liver insulin resistance is not complete. This so-called selective insulin resistance is characterized by defective insulin inhibition of hepatic glucose output while insulin-induced lipogenesis is maintained. How this occurs and whether uncoupled insulin action develops in other tissues is unknown. Here we show in a model of chronic hyperinsulinemia that adipocytes develop selective insulin resistance in which translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface is blunted yet nuclear exclusion of the FoxO1 transcription factor is preserved, rendering uncoupled insulin-controlled carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms. We found that in adipocytes FoxO1 nuclear exclusion has a lower half-maximal insulin dose than GLUT4 translocation, and it is because of this inherent greater sensitivity that control of FoxO1 by physiological insulin concentrations is maintained in adipocytes with compromised insulin signaling. Pharmacological and genetic interventions revealed that insulin regulates GLUT4 and FoxO1 through the PI3-kinase isoform p110α, although FoxO1 showed higher sensitivity to p110α activity than GLUT4. Transient down-regulation and overexpression of Akt isoforms in adipocytes demonstrated that insulin-activated PI3-kinase signals to GLUT4 primarily through Akt2 kinase, whereas Akt1 and Akt2 signal to FoxO1. We propose that the lower threshold of insulin activity for FoxO1’s nuclear exclusion is in part due to its regulation by both Akt isoforms. Identification of uncoupled insulin action in adipocytes suggests this condition might be a general phenomenon of insulin target tissues contributing to insulin resistance’s pathophysiology.
Metabolic health and body size phenotypes: Trends and prevalence: Data from NHANES 1999-2010

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 1999-2010 were used to study trends in and prevalence of metabolically healthy (MH) and unhealthy individuals and obesity over 1999-2010. Over 1999-2010, while increasing trends in prevalence of obesity were observed for the total population (p<0.01), males (p<0.01), females (p=0.02), among 20-64 years old (p<0.01), among ≥65 years old (p=0.02), no trends were observed for prevalence of metabolically healthy and metabolically healthy obese (p ≥ 0.19). Irrespective of gender, race/ethnicity, and age, MH had statistically significantly lower levels of SBP, DBP, TG, FPG, HOMA-IR, and CRP and higher levels of HDL than metabolically unhealthy (MUH) individuals. Adjusted prevalence of MH was higher among 20-64 years old than ≥65 years old (p=0.03), among females than males (p<0.01), and among normal weight than overweight and obese individuals (p<0.01). Race/ethnicity, smoking status, levels of and physical activity intake did not affect adjusted prevalence of MH.
Contribution of the Mn-cofactored superoxide dismutase (SodA) to the virulence of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8

Enteric pathogens harbor a set of enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutases [SOD]) for detoxification of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species which are encountered during infection. To analyze the role of the Mn-cofactored SOD (SodA) in the pathogenicity of yersiniae, we cloned the sodA gene of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O8 by complementation of an Escherichia coli sodA sodB mutant and subsequently constructed an isogenic mutant by allelic exchange. Sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame that enabled the deduction of a sequence of 207 amino acids with 85% identity to SodA of E. coli. In a mouse infection model, the sodA null mutant was strongly attenuated in comparison to its parental strain. After intravenous infection, the survival and multiplication of the mutant in the spleen and liver were markedly reduced. In contrast, inactivation of sodA had only minor effects on survival and multiplication in the gut and Peyer's patches, as could be demonstrated in the orogastric infection model. The reduction in virulence was accompanied by a low but significant increase of susceptibility of the soda mutant to bacterial killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and an alteration of the intracellular chemiluminescence response of PMN. These results suggest that the resistance of Y. enterocolitica to exogenous oxygen radicals produced by phagocytes involves the Mn-cofactored SOD. The important role of sodA for the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica could also be due to detoxification of endogenous, metabolically produced oxygen radicals which are encountered by extracellular enteric pathogens during the invasion of the host.
A MIMO radar benchmarking environment

With the growing amount of research being devoted to the concept of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, there has been a lack of a common simulation and benchmarking environment for determining the viability and cost-effectiveness of MIMO radar architectures and algorithms. To this end, GTRI has developed a MIMO Benchmark environment to serve this purpose, which is to be made publically available to researchers in order to compare the performance of MIMO techniques with those of more conventional phased array radar systems. This paper describes the problem that the MIMO Benchmark is intended to be used to assist in solving, in the form of a new challenge problem for the MIMO community, as well as providing a summary of the architecture of the MIMO Benchmark infrastructure.123
OpenAirInterface simulation platform

The OpenAirInterface Simulator is a tool for simulating wireless network environments with the objective of performing protocol and application performance evaluation, and secondly for realtime layer 2/3 protocol implementation validation. This simulation environment comes in two flavors: hard real-time multi-CPU deployment and virtualized single-CPU deployments. The real-time version is deployed in a specific environment where each wireless node corresponds to one real Linux machine. This configuration intends to test, in an accurate way, real-time applications over wireless networks. The virtualized, or user mode version intends to test real applications on a larger scale creating a series of virtual machines inside the real one. Even though, for small networks, a real time application could also be tested in this version, the behavior of the layer 2 protocols is still non-real time. Its main focus, therefore, is in on non real-time applications and testing of layer 2/3 protocols. This simulation suite is designed for protocol and application designers who require validation of software in a controlled environment as close to reality as possible. It intends to decrease the cost and complexity of performing software measures and evaluation for real applications and protocols.
Tuning out of phase: Resonance attacks

This work presents a new class of cyber-physical switching attacks of power transmission systems. The proposed resonance attack relies on enhancing inter-area oscillation modes to drive groups of system generators out of step. This switching attack targets inter-area oscillations by switching a relatively small part of the system load at a (low) frequency that resonates with one of the inter-area oscillation modes observed in the power system. The targeted frequency of the attack is chosen through measurement-based analysis of the frequency deviation at a targeted bus that is observable by the adversary. Numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed switching attack when applied to a two-area system.
Proposal Latent Cognitive Social Spaces : theory and methods for extracting prejudice from text

Prejudices define the biased views we hold of other people. Our prejudices play a role, both implicitly and explicitly, in every social situation we encounter. They tell us whom to talk to and whom to stay away from, whom to befriend and whom to bully, whom to treat with reverence and whom to view with disgust. Prejudices play a role in less mundane social processes as well. In particular, genocide is often motivated by negative prejudices of particular social groups. Despite the omnipotent impact of prejudice on our lives, existent theory and methods used to understand it are lacking. Theoretical models tend to focus heavily on the cognitive or social dimensions of prejudice, rather than on a joint sociocognitive explanation. Methodologically, research on prejudice is based largely on small-scale laboratory experiments and survey data that is costly to obtain. The first portion of this thesis develops a new mathematical theory of prejudice that incorporates both its cognitive and social dimensions. The theory provides a parsimonious explanation of prejudice at the individual, group and culture-wide levels. The second part of this thesis develops two new tools to extract prejudices from existing text corpora, an approach that can provide broader data than laboratory experiments at a much lower cost than surveys. The final part of this thesis applies the theory and tools I develop to two case studies. In the first, I use a corpora of Twitter data relevant to the Eric Garner and Michael Brown tragedies. I focus on providing a better understanding the “paradox of race” in America today, where few Americans are explicitly racist yet racial inequalities are as strong as ever. In the second case study, I use both Twitter and newspaper data from the “Arab Spring” in an attempt to better understand the sociocognitive web of prejudices existent in the Arab World.
Journal of Knowledge Management Knowledge management

Purpose – This paper aims to study how knowledge management (KM) practices are carried out in learning organisations. It seeks to ﬁnd out; how learning organisations carry out KM practices and whether there are any speciﬁc KM attributes that differentiate high learning organisations from low learning organisations. Design/methodology/approach – The research is carried out in two information technology (IT) organisations. Qualitative data obtained from these two organisations are analysed using the grounded theory approach. Findings – Four themes of KM process emerged after the data were subjected to grounded theory analysis. These are: knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge up-gradation, and knowledge retention. The two sample organisations were compared on these dimensions. Two concepts emerged from this comparison, namely, knowledge enablers and knowledge inhibitors. Originality/value – The paper attempts to ﬁnd out the pattern of KM systems in two learning organisations (high learning and low learning). The ﬁndings shed some light on different themes of KM existent in low and high learning organisations and how they differ in their KM attributes.
Association between leptin, metabolic factors and liver histology in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND Steatosis is common in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients and likely accelerates fibrosis progression. Leptin, the peptide product of the obesity gene (ob), has been implicated in hepatic fibrogenesis; circulating levels of leptin correlate with body fat mass. The objective of the present study was to determine the clinical and histological correlates of serum leptin in HCV-infected patients, and to determine its utility in predicting liver histological lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS In 62 patients with chronic HCV, serum leptin was measured using a commercially available immunoassay. Associations between leptin, metabolic parameters, and severe hepatic fibrosis (stages 2 to 4) and steatosis (30% or greater) were determined. The utility of leptin in predicting liver histology was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The median body mass index (BMI) was 23.2 kg/m2 (range 17.7 kg/m2 to 35.6 kg/m2); 16% of patients (n=10) had HCV genotype 3. Severe fibrosis and steatosis were present in 23% and 13% of patients, respectively. Leptin was strongly correlated with the BMI, and its levels were higher in women. BMI-corrected leptin levels were not independently associated with severe fibrosis but were significantly associated with steatosis (OR of 1.07; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04). On it own, leptin was poorly predictive of severe steatosis (area under the ROC curve was 0.64; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.87). However, its accuracy improved with the addition of HCV genotype (area under the ROC curve was 0.86; 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00; P=0.07). CONCLUSIONS As observed in the non-HCV setting, serum leptin correlates with BMI; higher leptin levels are found in women than men with chronic HCV. Serum leptin is a poor predictor of HCV-related fibrosis but may play a role in predicting steatosis when combined with HCV genotype.
Subpopulations of proliferating cells of the adult hippocampus respond differently to physiologic neurogenic stimuli

To study how adult hippocampal neurogenesis might originate from the proliferation of stem or progenitor cells in vivo, we have used transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the nestin promoter to identify these cells. Having described an astrocyte‐like type 1 cell with low proliferative activity, a characteristic morphology, vascular end feet, and passive electrophysiological properties, we focused here on the large population of nestin‐GFP‐expressing type 2 cells, which lack all these features. Type 2 cells were highly proliferative and showed signs suggestive of their involvement in the neuronal lineage. They could be subclassified by the absence (type 2a) or presence (type 2b) of a coexpression of the early neuronal marker doublecortin. A third type of proliferating cells was doublecortin positive but nestin‐GFP negative (type 3). We believe that type 2a, 2b, and 3 cells mirror a marker progression during earliest neuronal development. This view is supported by the increasing coexpression of the early granule cell‐specific marker Prox‐1. The low proliferative activity of type 1 cells showed little change over time or under “neurogenic interventions,” such as a challenge by environmental complexity (ENR) or voluntary physical activity (RUN). However, RUN led to a significant increase of type 2 cells labeled with the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). ENR did not cause increased cell proliferation or an increased number of BrdU‐labeled type 2 cells, but both ENR and RUN resulted in more newly generated cells lacking nestin‐GFP immunoreactivity and expressing Prox‐1. These findings allow us to break down what was broadly perceived as “proliferation” in earlier experiments into the relative contribution of several cell types, representing the earliest steps of neuronal development. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:455–463, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization, expression and evolution of flagellar genesin Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1

Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4. 1 belongs to the? -3 subdivision of the Proteobacteria. It possesses a multipartite genome structure consisting of two circular chromosomes, andit displays a wide range of metabolic diversity.Approximately 40 flagellar proteins are required for structure, assembly, and regulation of the flagellum formation in most bacterial species. R. sphaeroidescontains two flagellar gene clusters (fla1 and fla2),which encode 38 and 21 proteins, respectively. Thirty-six of these genes exist in duplicate gene-pairs.A combination of genome analysis, phylogenetic analysis and mRNA expression analysis were employed to examine the conservation of structure, function and evolution of fla1 and fla2 in R. sphaeroides. The results demonstrated that fla2, which was shared among members of ? -Proteobacteria, is native toR. sphaeroides, while fla1 was horizontally transferred from a member of ? -Proteobacteria.In addition, genes located in fla1 are expressed over several growth conditions, but those in fla2 are barely expressed.
Guarded and Unguarded Iteration for Generalized Processes

Models of iterated computation, such as (completely) iterative monads, often depend on a notion of guardedness, which guarantees unique solvability of recursive equations and requires roughly that recursive calls happen only under certain guarding operations. On the other hand, many models of iteration do admit unguarded iteration. Solutions are then no longer unique, and in general not even determined as least or greatest fixpoints, being instead governed by quasi-equational axioms. Monads that support unguarded iteration in this sense are called (complete) Elgot monads. Here, we propose to equip (Kleisli categories of) monads with an abstract notion of guardedness and then require solvability of abstractly guarded recursive equations; examples of such abstractly guarded pre-iterative monads include both iterative monads and Elgot monads, the latter by deeming any recursive definition to be abstractly guarded. Our main result is then that Elgot monads are precisely the iteration-congruent retracts of abstractly guarded iterative monads, the latter being defined as admitting unique solutions of abstractly guarded recursive equations; in other words, models of unguarded iteration come about by quotienting models of guarded iteration.
Effectiveness of 400 or 600 micrograms of vaginal misoprostol for terminations of early pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES To compare the effectiveness and side effects of transvaginal application of 400 or 600 ug of misoprostol for termination of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized single-blinded trial. SETTING Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD One-hundred-and-twenty-five pregnant women with less than 20 weeks gestational, at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital from June 1, 2003 to May 31, 2004 were recruited. The termination of pregnancy had been suggested by the obstetrician and the decision was made by the patient and her husband. The samples were randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 had 65 patients and 400 ug of misoprostol was applied three times in a 6 hour interval. Group 2 had 60 patients and 600 ug of misoprostol was applied in the same manner. Both groups were observed and evaluated within 24 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rate of complete abortion and side effects of both 400 and 600 microg misoprostol within 24 hours. RESULTS No statistical significant difference was found in the general characteristics of both sample groups. Group 1 had an abortion rate of 38.3% while group 2 had an abortion rate of 56.92%. This was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The time interval after insertion to complete abortion was 9.15 +/- 6.09 hours in group 1 and 8.85 +/- 4.68 hours in group 2. Side effects, such as fever, lower abdominal pain, massive vaginal bleeding and diarrhea showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Transvaginal application of 600 ug misoprostol (3 times every 6 hours) caused a higher rate of complete abortion compared with an application of 400 ug misoprostol. The side effect of both groups showed no statistical difference.
Age-related changes in the epiglottis causing failure of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy

Abstract At 65 years of age, a former coal miner, now 72-years-old, developed a progressive loss of concentration with daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances. Work-up in pneumological and medical sleep centres resulted in diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), borderline obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and, later, upper airway resistance syndrome. In addition, there was evidence of reduced efficiency of sleep. Neither the initial administration of theophylline nor the later use at night of hyperbaric respiration led to improvement in the patient's symptoms. Instead, the patient developed loud snoring, as well as the inability to sleep while in a lying position. At age 71 years, otorhinolaryngological examination resulted in findings of age-related changes in the epiglottis, that completely blocked the hypopharynx upon inspiration. Polysomnography, which was possible only in a half-seated position, revealed reduction in deep sleep, with a maximum oxygen saturation of 77 per cent at an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 4.8. Partial resection of the epiglottis with laser surgery resulted in complete improvement of diurnal drowsiness and reduced stamina. Sleeping in a supine position again became possible. Polysomnography revealed normalization of sleep architecture, but unchanged, low efficiency of sleep. This case underscores the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of sleep-related breathing disorders.
Early Prediction of Heart Diseases Using Data Mining Techniques

Largest-ever study of deaths shows heart diseases have emerged as the number one killer in world. About 25 per cent of deaths in the age group of 25- 69 years occur because of heart diseases. If all age groups are included, heart diseases account for about 19 per cent of all deaths. It is the leading cause of death among males as well as females. It is also the leading cause of death in all regions though the numbers vary. The proportion of deaths caused by heart disease is the highest in south India (25 per cent) and lowest - 12 per cent - in the central region of India. The prediction of heart disease survivability has been a challenging research problem for many researchers. Since the early dates of the related research, much advancement has been recorded in several related fields. Therefore, the main objective of this manuscript is to report on a research project where we took advantage of those available technological advancements to develop prediction models for heart disease survivability. We used three popular data mining algorithms CART (Classification and Regression Tree), ID3 (Iterative Dichotomized 3) and decision table (DT) extracted from a decision tree or rule-based classifier to develop the prediction models using a large dataset. We also used 10-fold crossvalidation methods to measure the unbiased estimate.
Protein markers for Alzheimer disease in the frontal cortex and cerebellum

Objective: To compare proteins related to Alzheimer disease (AD) in the frontal cortex and cerebellum of subjects with early-onset AD (EOAD) with or without presenilin 1 (PS1) mutations with sporadic late-onset AD (LOAD) and nondemented control subjects. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, immunoblot analysis, and ELISA were used to detect and assess protein levels in brain. Results: In EOAD and to a lesser extent in LOAD, there was increased amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition (by immunohistochemistry), increased soluble Aβ (by immunoblot analysis), and specific increases in Aβ40 and Aβ42 (by ELISA) in the frontal cortex and, in some cases, in the cerebellum. Surprisingly, immunoblot analysis revealed reduced levels of PS1 in many of the subjects with EOAD with or without PS1 mutations. In those PS1 mutation-bearing subjects with the highest Aβ, PS1 was barely, if at all, detectable. This decrease in PS1 was specific and not attributable solely to neuronal loss because amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the PS1-interacting protein β-catenin levels were unchanged. Conclusions: This study shows that in the frontal cortex and cerebellum from Alzheimer disease patients harboring certain presenilin 1 mutations, high levels of amyloid beta are associated with low levels of presenilin 1. The study provides the premise for further investigation of mechanisms underlying the downregulation of presenilin 1, which may have considerable pathogenic and therapeutic relevance.
On the definable ideal generated by nonbounding c.e. degrees

Abstract Let [NB]1 denote the ideal generated by nonbounding c.e. degrees and NCup the ideal of noncuppable c.e. degrees. We show that both [NB]1 ∩ NCup and the ideal generated by nonbounding and noncuppable degrees are new, in the sense that they are different from M, [NB]1 and NCup—the only three known definable ideals so far.