Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depletion of brain noradrenaline and dopamine by 6‐hydroxydopamine

1 After intracisternal administration, 6‐hydroxydopamine had a greater effect on brain noradrenaline than on dopamine. 2 Administration of two doses of 6‐hydroxydopamine increased the depletion of noradrenaline but not of dopamine. 3 Small doses of 6‐hydroxydopamine decreased the concentration of noradrenaline with little or no effect on dopamine. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity was not reduced with these treatments. 4 While pargyline pretreatment offered no advantage in the depletion of brain noradrenaline after 6‐hydroxydopamine, depletion of brain dopamine was greatly potentiated by this treatment. The reduction of striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity observed after 6‐hydroxydopamine was also potentiated by pargyline pretreatment. 5 The amounts of labelled noradrenaline and dopamine formed from 3H‐tyrosine were greatly reduced by 6‐hydroxydopamine treatment. After 3H‐DOPA, formation of noradrenaline was greatly reduced while formation of labelled dopamine was only moderately reduced suggesting that decarboxylation of DOPA can occur in other than catecholamine containing neurones. 6 Desmethylimipramine and imipramine inhibited depletion of noradrenaline produced by 6‐hydroxydopamine but did not alter depletion of dopamine. Reserpine did not inhibit depletion of catecholamines produced by 6‐hydroxydopamine. 7 Administration of 6‐hydroxydopamine to developing rats lowered both noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations as well as the tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the brains of these animals.
Design and optimization of periodic structures for simultaneous EBG and AMC operation

The paper focuses on design and optimization of metallo-dielectric periodic structures with simultaneous electromagnetic band gap (EBG) and artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) behavior in the required frequency band. Three variants of mushroom structures were studied to fulfill the requirements: the two-layer one with simple square metallic patch, the two-layer one with metallic patch of complex shape and the three-layer one with simple square metallic patch at the top and the bottom layer. The structures were tuned using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm implemented in Matlab in connection with CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) for full-wave dispersion diagram and reflection phase diagram computation. The obtained results were verified by Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS).
A Demonstration of Reliability of the Interior-outer-set Model*

In this paper, we execute some computer simulation experiments to demonstrate the reliability of the interior-outer-set model. The experiments are done for the normal distribution, exponential distribution and Poisson distribution. The simulation results show that the interior-outer-set model is more reasonable than the histogram model because the errors from the interior-outer-set model are smaller. The most important issue is that the possibility–probability distribution (PPD) (calculated by using the interior-outer-set model) coordinates the practical situation; it is impossible to assign a unique probability value for an event with incomplete information.
Detecting a Change in the Shape of a Prehistoric Corbelled Tomb

In this paper, we demonstrate how a non-linear regression model, with possible change points and unknown origin, can be easily incorporated into the Gibbs sampler framework. The methodology is illustrated with data arising from an archaeological study of a prehistoric corbelled tomb at Stylos, Crete, and results are compared with maximum likelihood estimates published elsewhere. Archaeology is not an area of application that immediately springs to mind when discussing practical Bayesian statistics or even just applied statistics. However, the analysis of data arising from archaeological problems can often pose considerable challenges to the mathematical modeller or applied statistician; see for example the mathematical modelling of seriation (Kendall, 1971; Laxton, 1987) or estimating the megalithic yard (Kendall, 1974; Freeman, 1976). From a Bayesian viewpoint, archaeology provides a rich source of complex, non-standard problems, and in contexts where prior information is available it needs careful elicitation. The application of the Bayesian methodology for calibrating groups of radiocarbon dates is a case in point (Buck et al., 1991, 1992). In this paper, we describe an application of Bayesian methodology, using the Gibbs sampler, to the analysis of the shape of prehistoric corbelled tombs. 2 Background The technique of corbelling, a method of spanning or roofing spaces with blocks of stone, was widely used in prehistory. Surviving examples of its use include the corbel-vaulted tombs of Brittany (radiocarbon dated to 2000-4000 BC), the Bronze Age nuraghi of Sardinia, and the Mycenaean and late Minoan tholoi of Greece and Crete respectively. Other examples of corbelling may be found in passages and chambers within certain pyramids of Egypt and in prehistoric tombs on the Orkneys and in Ireland. It was only with the invention of the true dome, enabling much larger spaces to be spanned, that the techniques of corbelling fell out of fashion, although examples of relatively recent origin still exist in Southern France, Eire and Italy. For many decades, archaeologists and historians have been fascinated by the ability of prehistoric communities to develop sufficient building and organizational skills to allow them to construct corbelled domes, domes that have survived in some cases for over 4000 years. This fascination has resulted in a number of speculative theories about the diffusion of the sophisticated building knowledge required. For example, did the constructors of the nuraghi in Sardinia learn the corbelling technique from the Greeks (who certainly traded in the region at the appropriate time) or did the technique develop independently in the western and eastern Mediterranean?
Restoration of Cytolytic T-Lymphocyte Response with a New Immunopotentiator, (CL 259,763), in Mice

The immunorestorativecharacteristics of a novel synthetic immuno-modulator, JV-{4-|(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl|phenyl}acetamide (CL 259,763), has been investigated in several experimental models. In one situation, the compoundwas shown to enhance the inductionof a cytolytic T-lymphocyte response to the murine MBL-2 leukemia implanted in its syngeneic host in which onlya minimalreactivityto the tumoris normally displayed. In a Vaccinia virus model, the compoundsimilarly augmented the lyricactivity of cytolytic T-lymphocyte to virus-infectedtargets in not onlyviralantigen-primedbutalso cyclosporinA-impairedmice. Likewise, the alloreactive cytolytic T-lymphocyte activity was recoveredin animals immunocompromisedby inoculation with murine plasmacytomas or cytoreductive anticancer drugs, such as cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorou-racil. Thus, the present findings suggest that CL 259,763 is effective in potentiatingthe immuneresponse to weak antigens as well as in restoring alloreactivity by sparing the immunotoxicity associated with the admin istration of cytotoxic drugs and the growth of neoplasms.
Is Mycoplasma pneumoniae Associated with Vascular Disease?

Several studies have postulated a link between infectious agents and atherosclerosis ([3][1], [12][2]). Epidemiological and pathological studies have shown an association between Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis ([3][1],[12][2]). C. pneumoniae has been detected in vascular tissues and
On-farm trial of modified live Classical swine fever vaccine induced neutralizing antibody titers : Comparison of intradermal and intramuscular vaccination methods

The aim was to investigate on-farm application of an alternative Classical swine fever (CSF) vaccination, whether intra-dermal (ID) vaccination is suitable as an alternative for traditional intramuscular (IM) route in an organic pig farm. We compared antibody titers by using neutralizing peroxidase-linked monolayer assay (NPLA) between pigs vaccinated with lived CSF vaccine containing a normal or 5-fold reduced dose. The vaccine was government produced (Thailand), containing 10 PD 50 (50% protective dose) of modified live Lapinized Chinese-strain CSF virus. A total of 18 nursery pigs were pair matched (according to litter, weight, and sex) and divided into 2 groups. Amount of 0.2 ml or 1 ml full-dose of vaccine was administered ID or IM, respectively. As compared with the 1ml IM vaccinated pigs, the pigs vaccinated ID with 0.2ml of the same vaccine had comparable antibody titers to IM group. Geometric mean titers (log10) at day 0, 14, 21, and 28 days post-vaccination of ID group were 5.44, 7.41, 11.76, and 38.05, and GMT of IM group were 4.67, 8.64, 12.70, and 32.00, respectively. We conclude that the ID route can be used as an alternative for IM application of CSF vaccine.
Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs

The aim of the study was to compare the anterior bow of the femur between dogs and humans in terms of the possible impact on the stifle joint. The femoral radiographs obtained retrospectively were used to determine the angles and positions of the anterior bow in both dogs (n = 135) and humans (n = 57). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses of the variables. The mean anterior bow angle (ABA) was 18.3 ± 2.02° and 4.88 ± 1.24° in dogs and humans, respectively. The bow position was at the distal shaft in dogs (64.9 ± 2.04%) and almost at the mid‐shaft of the bone (46.5 ± 5.52%) in humans. The ABA was related to the bow position in both humans and dogs. Additionally, the angle correlated with age in humans, while it was correlated with weight and breed in dogs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the anterior bow should be used as a landmark on the femoral axis for the biomechanical research of stifle joint, and dog stifle could be used as a suitable model for human knee in experimental studies for clinicians, while making sure that ethical principles are fully respected.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Frequently Missed Diagnosis, Part 2: Treatment Options

PURPOSE:To provide an overview of treatment recommendations for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). TARGET AUDIENCE:This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. OBJECTIVES:After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:Describe current recommendations for treatment of HS.Identify warnings, adverse effects, and implications for patient education. ABSTRACTHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intertriginous area. Patients with HS have several challenges to their quality of life and activities of everyday living, including malodor, purulent discharge, and discomfort. There is often a delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The need for cosmetically acceptable local treatments and dressing application makes this disease an important challenge for wound care specialists. The choice of optimal treatment varies depending on the disease severity, expert knowledge, the availability of an interprofessional team, and patient factors.
Contextual Integrity and Privacy Enforcing Norms for Virtual Communities

Contextual Integrity has been proposed to define privacy in an unusual way. Most approaches take into account a sensitivity level or a “privacy circle”: the information is said to be private or public and to be constrained to a given group of agents, e.g. “my friends”. In the opposite, Contextual Integrity states that any information transmission can trigger a privacy violation depending on the context of the transmission. We use this theory to describe a framework that one can use in an open and decentralised virtual community to handle privacy in a socially enforced way. This paper describes a framework, in which we can formally describe privacy constraints, that are used to detect privacy violations according to the Contextual Integrity theory. This framework is part of an ongoing work aiming at applying social control to agents that handle the information, so that malicious agents are excluded from the system.
PLANIFICACIÓN ENERGÉTICA PARA UN HORNO CERÁMICO SEGÚN LA NORMA NTC-ISO50001

En el presente estudio se describio y aplico un procedimiento para la planificacion energetica teniendo en cuenta los requerimientos de la Norma Tecnica Colombiana NTC-ISO 50001 “Sistemas de Gestion de la Energia”. Como caso de estudio se considero una planta de procesamiento de productos ceramicos. Dentro de esta, se identifico al horno como el componente principal de consumo de energia. Durante el desarrollo del trabajo, se conocio el proceso de coccion realizado por el horno, asi como los componentes asociados al mismo, obteniendose como resultados la planificacion energetica, a traves de la determinacion de la estructura de consumo energetico, las areas de consumo significativo, lo que llevo a establecer la linea base y meta energetica del horno caso de estudio.
Locally complex distortions of the energy spectrum in the calculation of scattering amplitudes and photoionization cross sections.

We demonstrate that the array of techniques employing complex basis functions, which have been broadly applied in the calculation of resonance positions and lifetimes, can also be used, with appropriate modification, in the practical computation of photoionization cross sections and nonresonant scattering amplitudes. We illustrate a procedure with which controlled complex distortions over a localized region of the energy spectrum can be realized in a finite basis-set calculation. This technique is used to directly obtain scattering amplitudes for potentials which are not exponentially bounded at large distances, in contrast to complex scaling techniques which have been shown to be divergent in such cases. Four numerical examples are presented to exhibit the utility of the local complex distortion approach in calculations of photoionization cross sections and scattering amplitudes. We also discuss this approach in the context of variational principles for continuum amplitudes and in the context of applications to many-electron systems.
A Pilot Study of Short-term Effects of Non-sedentary Behaviour on Mood Changes

Sedentary behaviour is considered to be a major factor impacting a number of health outcomes while use of technology in the workplace is increasingly contributing to the amount of sedentary time. Even if guidelines on the amount of physical activity are followed outside of workplace, sedentary work style still has a deleterious impact on health. There have been a number of studies that investigated the impact of sedentary behaviour on general health while no study has reported investigation of effects of sedentary behaviour on mood changes. The aim of this pilot study, which included 14 knowledge workers, was to objectively measure sedentary time using accelerometers and investigate correlation with the self-reported mood changes in short term. The results show that sedentary behaviour has negative effects on the mood even over a short period of one day. Although a pilot study, this is the first study to examine short term psychological implications of sedentary behaviour. Randomised controlled experiments are needed to further clarify these findings.
Effects of temporal jitter on video quality: assessment using psychophysical and computational modeling methods

The conventional synchronous model of digital video, in which video is reconstructed synchronously at the decoder on a frame-by-frame basis, assumes its transport is delay- jitter-free. This assumption is inappropriate for modern integrated service packet networks such as the Internet for network delay jitter varies widely. Furthermore, multiframe buffering is not a viable solution in interactive applications such as video conferencing. We have proposed a `delay cognizant' model of video coding (DCVC) that segments an incoming video into two video flows with different delay attributes. The DCVC decoder operates in an asynchronous reconstruction mode that attempts to maintain image quality in the presence of network delay jitter. Our goal is to maximize the allowable delay of one flow relative to that of the other with minimal effect on image quality since an increase in the delay offset reflects more tolerance to transmission delay jitter. Subjective quality evaluations indicates for highly compressed sequences, differences in video quality of reconstructed sequences with large delay offsets as compared with zero delay offset are small. Moreover, in some cases asynchronously reconstructed video sequences look better than the zero delay case. DCVC is a promising solution to transport delay jitter in low- bandwidth video conferencing with minimal impact on video quality.
A modified Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filter for denoising Fiber Optic Gyroscope signal

Fiber Optic Gyroscope (FOG) is a key component in Inertial Navigation System. The performance of FOG degrades due to different types of random errors in the measured signal. Although Kalman filter and its variants like Sage-Husa Kalman filters are being used to denoise the Gyroscope signal the performance of Kalman filter is limited by the initial values of measurement and process noise covariance matrix, and transition matrix. To address this problem, this paper uses modified Sage-Husa adaptive Kalman filter to denoise the FOG signal. In this work, the random error of fiber optic gyroscope is modeled using a first order auto regressive (AR) model and used the coefficients of the model to initialize the transition matrix of Sage-Husa Adaptive Kalman filter. Allan variance analysis is used to quantify the random errors of the measured and denoised signal. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared with conventional Kalman filter and the simulation results show that the modified SageHusa adaptive Kalman filter (SHAKF) algorithm outperforms the conventional Kalman filter technique while denoising FOG signal.
Ultrasound in the management of pleural disease

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pleural disease encompasses a large range of conditions, is a common presentation to the acute medical take and often requires comprehensive investigation and treatment. Ultrasound is well recognised as a useful investigative tool in pleural disease especially in the field of pleural effusion, pleural thickening and interventional procedures. Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has gained widespread use by physicians as evidence has shown a reduced rate of complications when performing pleural procedures with ultrasound guidance. Areas covered: This article will review studies assessing the role of TUS in the management of pleural disease and examine ongoing research into how TUS could advance our knowledge and understanding over the next decade. Expert commentary: Physician lead thoracic ultrasound has become commonplace over the last decade, and now represents a minimum standard of safety in conducting the majority of ‘bedside’ pleural procedures. The current evidence points to important diagnostic and procedural roles of the use of bedside thoracic ultrasound. In the future, research developments are likely to lead to the use of thoracic ultrasound in prognostication, targeted treatment and understanding pathogenesis in pleural disease.
Binding affinity and functional significance of NIT2 and NIT4 binding sites in the promoter of the highly regulated nit-3 gene, which encodes nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa

In the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, both the global-acting regulatory protein NIT2 and the pathway-specific regulatory protein NIT4 are required to turn on the expression of the nit-3 gene, which encodes nitrate reductase, the first enzyme in the nitrate assimilatory pathway. Three NIT2 binding sites and two NIT4 binding sites have been identified in the 1.3-kb nit-3 promoter region via mobility shift and footprinting experiments with NIT2-beta-galactosidase and NIT4-beta-Gactosidase fusion proteins. Quantitative mobility shift assays were used to examine the affinity of individual NIT2 binding sites for the native NIT2 protein present in N. crassa nuclear extracts. In vivo analysis of nit-3 promoter 5' deletion constructs and individual NIT2 and NIT4 binding-site deletions or mutations revealed that all of the NIT2 and NIT4 binding sites are required for the full level of expression of the nit-3 gene. A cluster of two NIT2 and two NIT4 binding sites located more than 1 kb upstream of the translational start site is required for nit-3 expression, and one NIT2 binding site and one NIT4 site, which are immediately adjacent to each other, are of particular functional importance. A significant NIT2-NIT4 protein-protein interaction might occur upon their binding to nearby sites.
Economic evaluation of drug-eluting stents compared to bare metal stents using a large prospective study in Ontario

Objectives: To determine the cost-effectiveness (CE) and cost-utility (CU) of drug-eluting stents (DES) compared to bare metal stents (BMS) in Ontario using a large prospective “real-world” cohort study and determine the extent to which results vary by patient risk subgroups. Methods: A field evaluation was conducted based on all stent procedures in the province of Ontario between December 1, 2003, and March 31, 2005, with a minimum subject follow-up of 1 year. Effectiveness data from the study using a propensity-score matched cohort were combined with resource utilization and cost data and quality of life (QOL) data from the published literature in a decision analytic modeling framework to determine 2-year cost-effectiveness (cost per revascularization avoided) and cost-utility (cost per quality-adjusted life-year ([QALY] gained). Stochastic model parameter uncertainty was expressed using probability distributions and analyzed using a probabilistic model. Modeling assumptions were assessed using traditional deterministic sensitivity analysis. Results: Significant differences in revascularization rates were found for patients with two or more high risk factors. Despite these differences, the CE and CU of DES remained high (e.g., $419,000 per QALY gained in the most favorable patient risk subgroup). In sensitivity analysis, the difference in cost between DES and BMS had an impact on the CE and CU results. For example, at a price differential of $500, the CU of DES was $20,000/QALY for one patient subgroup and DES was dominant (i.e., less costly and more effective) in another. Conclusions: At current prices, the CE/CU of DES compared with BMS is high even in patient high risk subgroups. As the relative price of DES decrease, the value for money attractiveness of DES increases, especially for selected high risk patients.
Incremental and Decremental Nonparametric Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition

Nonparametric Discriminant Analysis (NDA) possesses inherent advantages over Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) such as capturing the boundary structure of samples and avoiding matrix inversion. In this paper, we present a novel method for constructing an updated Nonparametric Discriminant Analysis (NDA) model for face recognition. The proposed method is applicable to scenarios where bursts of data samples are added to the existing model in random chunks. Also, the samples which degrade the performance of the model need to be removed. For both of these problems, we propose incremental NDA (INDA) and decremental NDA (DNDA) respectively. Experimental results on four publicly available datasets viz. AR, PIE, ORL and Yale show the efficacy of the proposed method. Also, the proposed method requires less computation time in comparison to batch NDA which makes it suitable for real time applications.