Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Professional Intelligence Judgement Artistry: Some early observations

Intelligence analysis is critical national security and law enforcement function dependant on the intellectual capacity of individual analysts. The practice of intelligence is undertaken in an extremely complex environment often under a veil of secrecy, and where uncertain and deceptive information represents the norm. In order to develop as a profession appropriate constructs with which to explore and explain how analysts process intelligence, make decisions and reach judgements are needed. An improved understanding will offer opportunities to develop appropriate training and professional development for intelligence analysts. This paper introduces the construct of Professional Intelligence Judgement Artistry together with some very early findings to emerge from an initial series of interviews undertaken as part of a pilot study.
Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies.

Several mammalian enzymes are capable of transferring electrons to molecular oxygen, sequentially forming the 1 electron-reduction product superoxide (O2·−) and the 2 electron-reduction product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). These serve as progenitors for other reactive oxygen species (ROS), including peroxynitrite (ONOO−), hypochlorous acid, the hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxides, lipid peroxy- radicals, and lipid alkoxyl radicals. Another relevant group of molecules is the reactive nitrogen species, including NO, the nitrogen dioxide radical, and the nitrosonium cation. In the cardiovascular system, the most important enzymes that produce ROS are the Nox-based reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidase, the mitochondrial electron transport system and, under certain circumstances, NO synthase. Conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, and insulin resistance increase either the activity or the expression of these enzymes, leading to elevated ROS production. ROS, in turn, contribute to these disorders. As examples, virtually every aspect of atherosclerotic lesion formation is augmented by oxidative events. Via several mechanisms involving vessels, the kidney, and the central nervous system, ROS augment hypertension. ROS have been implicated in causing insulin resistance and pancreatic damage leading to diabetes. Moreover, ROS, when produced in specific subcellular compartments in controlled amounts, can act as signaling molecules to regulate normal cellular functions. These reactions have been reviewed in depth elsewhere recently.1 Given the importance of ROS and reactive nitrogen species in physiology and pathophysiology, it has become essential that methods be adapted and standardized to quantify the levels of these molecules in cells and tissues. Numerous methods have been used for ROS detection, each with potential pitfalls and advantages. All of these techniques can yield errors, and it is advisable to use ≥2 methods to avoid a mistaken conclusion. In this review, we will discuss various methods used to detect and quantify …
Chapter 15 The Integration of Dual-interaction Spaces

Dual-interaction spaces—that combine text chat with a shared graphical work area—have been developed in recent years as CSCL applications to support the synchronous construction and discussion of shared artifacts by distributed small groups of students. However, the simple juxtaposition of the two spaces raises numerous issues for users: How can objects in the shared workspace be referenced from within the chat? How can users track and comprehend all the various simultaneous activities? How can participants coordinate their multifaceted actions? We present three steps toward integration of activities across separate interaction spaces: support for deictic references, implementation of a history feature and display of social awareness information.
Influence of Oral Inoculation With Plasmid-Free Human Escherichia coli on the Frequency of Diarrhea During the First Year of Life in Human Newborns

Background This study was carried out to determine whether early inoculation of the plasmid-free human Escherichia coli into human newborns would reduce the frequency of acute diarrhea during a 1-year period. The plasmid-free E. coli strain isolated from the fecal microbiota of a healthy adult was nontoxigenic in vivo and in vitro and sensitive to all usual antibiotics. Methods In the experimental group, 51 healthy newborns were inoculated orally with 10 6 viable cells of the bacteria within 2 hours after birth. In the control group, the same number of newborns received the heat-killed bacteria. The clinical trial was double blind, and the newborns were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Results Six months and 1 year after bacterial inoculation, infants in the experimental group showed a higher mean body weight (7.59 ± 1.15 kg and 9.88 ± 1.31 kg, respectively;P < 0.05) when compared with the control group (7.03 ± 1.09 kg and 8.92 ± 1.38 kg, respectively). At the end of the clinical trial, 48% (23/48) of the infants in the experimental group had shown at least one diarrhea episode during the 1-year period, as opposed to 71% (34/48) in the control group. These values were significantly different (P = 0.037), showing a 32.3% protective effect of inoculation. Conclusions The present study shows that protection against diarrhea was obtained by oral inoculation with a single dose of plasmid-free human E. coli soon after birth.
Evaluating Hierarchical Structure in Music Annotations

Music exhibits structure at multiple scales, ranging from motifs to large-scale functional components. When inferring the structure of a piece, different listeners may attend to different temporal scales, which can result in disagreements when they describe the same piece. In the field of music informatics research (MIR), it is common to use corpora annotated with structural boundaries at different levels. By quantifying disagreements between multiple annotators, previous research has yielded several insights relevant to the study of music cognition. First, annotators tend to agree when structural boundaries are ambiguous. Second, this ambiguity seems to depend on musical features, time scale, and genre. Furthermore, it is possible to tune current annotation evaluation metrics to better align with these perceptual differences. However, previous work has not directly analyzed the effects of hierarchical structure because the existing methods for comparing structural annotations are designed for “flat” descriptions, and do not readily generalize to hierarchical annotations. In this paper, we extend and generalize previous work on the evaluation of hierarchical descriptions of musical structure. We derive an evaluation metric which can compare hierarchical annotations holistically across multiple levels. sing this metric, we investigate inter-annotator agreement on the multilevel annotations of two different music corpora, investigate the influence of acoustic properties on hierarchical annotations, and evaluate existing hierarchical segmentation algorithms against the distribution of inter-annotator agreement.
Marital and family processes in depression: A scientific foundation for clinical practice.

The Association Between Depression and Marital Dissatisfaction, Mark A. Whisman Not Agent Blue - Effects of Marital Functioning on Depression and Implications for Treatment, James C. Coyne and Nili R. Benazon Depressive Symptoms and Marital Satisfaction in the Early Years of Marriage - Narrowing the Gap Between Theory and Research, Benjamin R. Karney Paths to Unhappiness - the Overlapping Courses of Depression and Romantic Dysfunction, Joanne Davila Parental Depression and Family Functioning - Toward a Process-Oriented Model of Children's Adjustment, E. Mark Cummings, Gina DeArth-Pendley, Tina du Rocher Schudlich and David A. Smith Self Verification Theory - Expanding Current Conceptualizations of the Link Between Marital Distress and Depression, Jennifer Katz Nodes of Consilience Between Interpersonal-Psychological Theories of Depression, Thomas E. Joiner Jr Perceptions of Family Functioning of Suicidal and Nonsuicidal African American Women, Nadine J. Kaslow, Heather Twomey, Amy Brooks, Martie Thompson and Bettie Reynolds Marital Discord and Partner Abuse - Correlates and Causes of Depression, K. Daniel O'Leary and Annmarie Cano Couple Therapy for Depression - Using Healthy Relationships to Treat Depression, James V. Cordova and Christina B. Gee Marital Therapy for Co-Occurring Marital Discord and Depression, Steven R.H. Beach.
Filling a Knowledge Graph with a Crowd

Building accurate knowledge graphs is essential for question answering system. We suggest a crowd-to-machine relation extraction system to eventually ﬁll a knowledge graph. To train a relation extraction model, training data ﬁrst have to be prepared either manually or automatically. A model trained by manually labeled data could show a better performance, however, it is not scalable because another set of training data should be prepared. If a model is trained by automatically collected data the performance could be rather low but the scalability is excellent since automatically collecting training data can be easily done. To expand a knowledge graph, not only do we need a relation extraction model with high accuracy, but also the model is better to be scalable. We suggest a crowd sourcing system with a scalable relation extraction model to ﬁll a knowledge graph.
The Choice of Public , Private , or Home Schooling

Over two percent of school children are home schooled and eleven percent sent to private school. I estimate models of school choice using household-level data from three rounds of the National Household Education Survey merged to secondary data sets. Families are inclined to avoid low quality public schools. For families leaving the public school system, they are relatively more likely to exit to home schooling rather than private schools if the mother has abundant time but scarce income, and if the state public school finance system is centralized, making Tiebout sorting less efficient and private schooling more costly. These effects are especially strong among well-educated parents and younger children. The home schooling of older children is more sensitive to child-specific behavioral needs. JEL Classification Numbers: D13, I21, I22.
The Determinants of Adoption of Digital Terrestrial Television for Marginalized Groups: The Deaf Community

Digital switchover is the term used for the digital migration process from analogue to digital broadcasting. The purported benefits include: increased robustness and technical quality, high-definition television and increased channel capacity. The success of digital switchover is dependent on the voluntary adoption by consumers, including marginalized groups such as the disabled which are often neglected. Researchers have posited the need to understand these groups separately in order to spur diffusion and adoption. This paper is a work-in-progress, and its purpose is to re-iterate the need for segmentation and also to examine theories that can be used as insights on the determinants of DTTV adoption for the deaf community. It proposes a quantitative and qualitative approach for data collection. It is anticipated that research of this nature will help to advise regulators on the strategy to improve the uptake of DTTV to these marginalized groups.
Efficient Parameterizable Type Expansion for Typed Feature Formalisms

Over the last few years, constraint-based grammar formalisms have become the predominant paradigm in natural language processing and computational linguistics From the viewpoint of computer science typed feature structures can be seen as data structures that allow the representation of linguistic knowledge in a uniform fashion Type expansion is an operation that makes constraints of a typed feature structure explicit and determines its satisfiability We describe an efficient expansion algorithm that takes care of recursive type definitions and permits the exploration of different expansion strategies through the use of control knowledge. This knowledge is specified on a separate layer independent of grammatical information. The algorithm as presented in the paper, has been full implemented in COMMON LISP and is an integrated part of the typed feature formalism TDC that is employed in several large NL projects.
Verification of North-West Power System Dynamic Models by Processing Synchronized Phasor Measurement Data

Confirmation that dynamic model implementation accurately reproduces electromechanical transients is carried out during the verification. Measurements from fault recorders or from more modern devices (WAMS) are usually used as a reference data. Difficulties arising in verification process may be associated not only with incorrect behavior of model itself, but also with proximity assessment of results obtained to reference data. In this way, the paper considers possibility of using time-frequency analysis to obtain information about characteristics of electromechanical transients. In addition, verification of multi-machine model using one of proposed algorithms and real data is performed. Various methods of time-frequency analysis have been investigated to obtain characteristics of electromechanical transients according to WAMS data. Multi-machine model of North-West power grid has been created using Modelica language. Its correctness is verified using wide area measurement recordings and characteristics obtained during analysis in frequency domain.
Classification Trees for Decision Making in the Social Services with Application to Welfare Recidivism

ABSTRACT This article introduces classification trees as aviable alternative for classification modeling with social service data. As an empirical application of tree-based methods, the performance of a classification tree is com pared to logistic regression in the identification of recidivistic welfare cases. Classification trees offer statistical advantages such as an ability to in corporate all types of predietor variables and to account for complex nonadditive behavior. This allows easy interpretability and the identification of specific profiles of likely recidivist cases. In general, classification trees such as the one in this study can be developed as empirical guidelines to aiddecision making for a wide range of social work issues.
Effets de l'implémentation d'intention sur la persistance des comportements

L’implementation d’intention est une strategie de planification de l’action qui se revele etre plus efficace que l’intention d’agir pour permettre d’atteindre des buts desires. A la difference d’une intention qui ne specifie que les comportements qu’on souhaite realiser (“j’ai l’intention de faire Y”), la strategie d’implementation d’intention consiste a creer un lien entre une situation et un comportement dirige vers l’atteinte du but dans un format langagier en “si…alors” (“si je rencontre la situation X, alors je realiserai le comportement Y”). L’efficacite de cette strategie reside dans sa capacite a creer des habitudes de facon instantanee, habitudes dont la litterature revele la force a persister dans le temps. Dans ce travail de these, nous examinons l’efficacite de cette strategie pour faire face a deux obstacles a la persistance des comportements que sont les couts associes a la realisation du comportement et les changements situationnels. Dans trois etudes reposant sur un paradigme de decision, nous avons fait varier le cout associe a la realisation du comportement. Les resultats, bien que tenus, suggerent que former une implementation d’intention permet de maintenir la realisation des comportements plus longtemps que de ne former qu’une intention. Dans trois etudes reposant sur une tâche de categorisation, nous avons presente des situations : similaires versus non-similaires a la situation X specifiee dans l’implementation d’intention, et affordant le comportement Y specifie dans cette strategie versus un autre comportement. Les resultats suggerent qu’en comparaison de l’intention, l’implementation d’intention permet davantage de generaliser la realisation des comportements, c’est-a-dire que le comportement semble etre realise dans d’autres situations que celle specifiee. La generalisation ne s’observe toutefois pas pour tout type de situation, mais uniquement lorsque ces situations sont fortement physiquement similaires a la situation specifiee et affordent le comportement specifie. Nous discuterons de l’apport de differentes theories de psychologie sociale permettant de comprendre les effets observes.
Punishing the Foreigner: Implicit Discrimination in the Premier League Based on Oppositional Identity

We present the first empirical study to reveal the presence of implicit discrimination in a non-experimental setting. By using a large dataset of in-match data in the English Premier League, we show that white referees award significantly more yellow cards against non-white players of oppositional identity. We argue that this is the result of implicit discrimination by showing that this discriminatory behaviour: (i) increases in how rushed the referee is before making a decision, and (ii) it increases in the level of ambiguity of the decision. The variation in (i) and (ii) cannot be explained by any form of conscious discrimination such as taste-based or statistical discrimination. Moreover, we show that oppositional identity players do not differ in their behaviour from other players along several dimensions related to aggressiveness and style of play providing further evidence that this is not statistical discrimination.
Estrogen Receptor (cid:1) Signaling Pathways Differentially Regulate Gonadotropin Subunit Gene Expression and Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone in the Female Mouse

Estrogen, acting via estrogen receptor (ER) (cid:1) , regulates serum gonadotropin levels and pituitary gonadotropin subunit expression. However, the cellular pathways mediating this regulation are unknown. ER (cid:1) signals through classical estrogen response element (ERE)-dependent genomic as well as nonclassical ERE-independent genomic and nongenomic pathways. Using targeted mutagenesis in mice to disrupt ER (cid:1) DNA binding activity, we previously demonstrated that ERE-independent signaling is sufficient to suppress serum LH levels. In this study, we examined the relative roles of ERE-dependent and -independent estrogen signaling in es- trogen regulation of LH, FSH, prolactin, and activin/inhibin subunit gene expression, pituitary LH and FSH protein content, and serum FSH levels. ERE-independent signaling was not sufficient for estrogen to induce pituitary prolactin mRNA or suppress pituitary LH (cid:2) mRNA, LH content, or serum FSH in estrogen-treated ovariectomized mice. How-ever, ERE-independent signaling was sufficient to reduce pituitary glycoprotein hormone (cid:1) -subunit, FSH (cid:2) , and activin- (cid:2) B mRNA expression. Together with previous serum LH results, these findings suggest ERE-independent ER (cid:1) signaling suppresses serum LH via reduced secretion, not synthesis. Additionally, ERE-dependent 0.0001; for serum FSH, F (cid:3) P for inhibin- , F P for activin (cid:2) B, F 3.46, P (cid:3) 0.016; and for activin (cid:2) A, F (4,39) (cid:3) 10.02, P (cid:7) 0.0001. Results from posttest Fisher’s LSD multiple comparisons are detailed below.
Security and User Guidelines for the Design of the Future Networked Systems

Emergence of new networking technologies and paradigms provides users multitude of ways to communicate with each others and exchange information irrespective of time and place. Diversity of the available environments, however, sets requirements for the design processes so that the new architectures can offer a concise and secure usage experience. This cannot be answered in an off-hand fashion or as an add-on feature, but security and usability need to be taken into account right from the start. Seamless design cooperation of both is vital in achieving secure user experience. In this paper we discuss how security and user design guidelines within the ubiquitous future environment can be used to enhance both the security and user experience of the communication services. The paper brings forth network, service and user level aspects that need to be kept in mind when considering the technology oriented design processes of such networks.
Modernizing hierarchical delta debugging

Programmers tasked with the fixing of a bug prefer working on a minimal test case where every single bit is needed to reproduce the failure. However, cutting off the excess parts of a potentially large test case can be a tedious and time-consuming task if performed manually, which has led to the research and development of automated test case reduction techniques. The decade-old Hierarchical Delta Debugging (HDD) algorithm targets structured test inputs, parses them with the help of grammars and applies the minimizing Delta Debugging algorithm to the built trees. We have investigated this algorithm and its implementation, and propose improvements in this paper to address the found shortcomings. We argue that using extended context-free grammars with HDD is beneficial in several ways and the experimental evaluation of our modernized HDD implementation, called Picireny, supports the outlined ideas: the reduced outputs are significantly smaller (by circa 25-40%) on the investigated test cases than those produced by the reference HDD implementation using standard context-free grammars. These results, together with the technical improvements that ease the use of the modernized tool, can hopefully help spreading the adaptation of HDD in practice.
Dialect and stance-taking by non-Egyptian celebrities in Egypt

Abstract This article explores the stance of non-Egyptian celebrities performing in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) and/or living in Egypt. These celebrities are forced by the Egyptian media to take a stance towards ECA and Egypt, and engage in the ongoing dialogue concerning Egypt’s cultural role. Meta-linguistic, as well as linguistic, resources become the focal point of a struggle for dominance. Over the last five years, there have been intense debates regarding the role of Egypt as a cultural hub in relation to the Egyptian media. This is due to the increasing threat from other emerging cultural hubs – such as Dubai and Lebanon – both of which have greater financial resources and allow the use of other Arabic dialects. The data utilised for this research includes television and newspaper interviews, articles, as well as performances by non-Egyptians. One particularly relevant example is that of Russian/Armenian belly dancer Ṣāfināz who currently resides in Egypt.