Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining concepts from Verbal Behavior and Derived Relational Responding produces efficient language instruction for children with autism

May, R. J., Hawkins, E. , & Dymond, S. (2013). Brief report: Effects of tact training on emergent intraverbal vocal responses in adolescents with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 996–1004. Source of funding and disclosure of interest: No funding supported the preparation of this manuscript. The original authors acknowledged support from the Sidney W. and Janet R. Bijou Fellowship award (2011) from the Society for the Advancement of Behavior Analysis (SABA).
Axial phase measurements of light interacting with microstructures

We present an experimental method to study field structures of highly confined light after interaction with microstructures. A high-resolution interference microscope (HRIM) allows us to measure the three-dimensional (3D) amplitude and phase distributions of light emerging from the sample. While the amplitude fields represent conventional pictures of light confinements like a hotspot, the phase fields exhibit peculiar behaviors, which are of significant interest. Longitudinal-differential interferometry can directly visualize and quantify phase deviations in 3D space with respect to a plane wave of the same frequency serving as a reference. The phase fields near the confinement exhibits particular phase features, e.g., axial phase anomaly and superluminal phase velocity. As example of the light interaction with microstructures, two specific optical phenomena have been investigated here: Gouy phase anomaly in the photonic nanojet and superluminal phase propagation of the spot of Arago. For the first time, we could experimentally demonstrate high-resolution axial phase measurements of such phenomena generated by microstructures of wavelengthscale size and at visible light with 642-nm wavelength.
The Gamma-Gamma Signal Fading Model: A Survey [Wireless Corner]

In a wireless communication medium, the received signal envelope fluctuates randomly due to the scattering nature of these channels. This paper is intended to present a comprehensive literature review on the gamma-gamma signal fading model and its use in the performance analysis of different communication systems, with more elaboration on wireless radio-frequency (RF) communication networks, including cellular and relay networks, and wireless optical networks. First, the different communication channels where the gamma-gamma distribution is used to model the signal-fading phenomena are described. Second, the reported results on the statistics for the gamma-gamma distribution, including the product, the quotient, the sum, and the order statistics are presented. Finally, the performance analyses carried out in the open literature for wireless RF systems, relay networks, and wireless optical systems are summarized, and some possible directions for future research are highlighted.
Kiss‐and‐run, Collapse and ‘Readily Retrievable’ Vesicles

Two models of synaptic vesicle recycling have been intensely debated for decades: kiss‐and‐run, in which the vesicle opens and closes transiently, presumably through a small fusion pore, and full fusion, in which the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane and is retrieved by clathrin‐coat‐dependent processes. Conceptually, it seems that kiss‐and‐run would be faster and would retrieve vesicles with greater fidelity. Is this the case? This review discusses recent evidence for both models. We conclude that both mechanisms allow for high fidelity of vesicle recycling. Also, the presence in the plasma membrane of a depot of previously fused vesicles that are already interacting with the endocytotic machinery (the ‘readily retrievable’ vesicles) allows full fusion to trigger quite fast endocytosis, further blurring the efficiency differences between the two models.
Regulation of herpesvirus macromolecular synthesis. VIII. The transcription program consists of three phases during which both extent of transcription and accumulation of RNA in the cytoplasm are regulated

This report concerns the stable viral RNA sequences that accumulate in HEp-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1. By hybridizing labeled total DNA and restriction endonuclease DNA fragments with excess unlabeled total nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA, we determined the genetic complexity of the RNA and we mapped the regions on the physical map of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA that are homologous to the RNA. Our results show the following. (i) The viral RNAs accumulating in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells infected and maintained in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of either cycloheximide or emetine were homologous to 33 and 12% of viral DNA, respectively. All of the fragments tested contained sequences homologous to nuclear RNA. However, only the fragments mapping between 0.00 and 0.18, and 0.53 and 1.00 map units contained sequences homologous to cytoplasmic RNA. (ii) The viral RNAs that accumulate in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells infected and maintained in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of phoaphonoacetic acid were homologous to 39 and 26% of viral DNA, respectively. In this instance all of the fragments except those mapping between 0.42 and 0.53 map units contained sequences homologous to cytoplasmic RNA. (iii) The viral RNAs that accumulate in the nucleus and cytoplasm 8 h after infection were homologous to greater than 50 and 41%, respectively. All of the fragments tested contained sequences homologous to cytoplasmic RNA. (iv) The viral RNAs that accumulate in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells infected and maintained in the presence of canavanine are homologous to 33 and 19% of viral DNA, respectively. All of the fragments tested contained sequences homologous to both nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs. Our results indicate the following. First, there are at least three phases of transcription of viral DNA. Phase 1 does not require the synthesis of host cell or viral proteins. Phase 2 requires the synthesis of viral proteins made before the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Phase 3 appears to be related to the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Second, both the extent of transcription and the accumulation of viral RNA in the cytoplasm are tightly regulated. The genetic complexity of total RNA accumulating in infected cells increased in each successive phase. Moreover, the genetic complexity of nuclear RNA was invariably higher than that of cytoplasmic RNA in each phase. Lastly, the results of the studies on viral RNA accumulating in canavanine-treated cells reinforce the hypothesis made previously that more than one polypeptide in each of the alpha and beta polypeptide groups is involved in the transcription preceding the transitions from alpha to beta and beta to gamma polypeptide synthesis, respectively, and that canavanine selectively inactivated subsets of these polypeptides permitting only partial transitions from alpha to beta and beta to gamma to occur.
Morality, Rationality, and Efficiency: New Perspectives on Socio-Economics.

Since 1492, the distinct cultures, peoples, and languages of four continents have met in the Caribbean and intermingled in wave after wave of post-Columbian encounters, with foods and their styles of preparation being among the most consumable of the converging cultural elements. This book traces the pathways of migrants and travellers and the mixing of their cultures in the Caribbean from the Atlantic slave trade to the modern tourism economy. As an object of cultural exchange and global trade, food offers an intriguing window into this world. The many topics covered in the book include foodways, Atlantic history, the slave trade, the importance of sugar, the place of food in African-derived religion, resistance, sexuality and the Caribbean kitchen, contemporary Caribbean identity, and the politics of the new globalisation. The author draws on archival sources and European written descriptions to reconstruct African foodways in the diaspora and places them in the context of archaeology and oral traditions, performance arts, ritual, proverbs, folktales, and the children's song game "Congotay. " Enriching the presentation are sixteen recipes located in special boxes throughout the book.
Global Gap-Free MERIS LAI Time Series (2002-2012)

This article describes the principles used to generate global gap-free Leaf Area Index (LAI) time series from 2002–2012, based on MERIS (MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) full-resolution Level1B data. It is produced as a series of 10-day composites in geographic projection at 300-m spatial resolution. The processing chain comprises geometric correction, radiometric correction, pixel identification, LAI calculation with the BEAM (Basic ERS & Envisat (A)ATSR and MERIS Toolbox) MERIS vegetation processor, re-projection to a global grid and temporal aggregation selecting the measurement closest to the mean value. After the LAI pre-processing, we applied time series analysis to fill data gaps and to filter outliers using the technique of harmonic analysis (HA) in combination with mean annual and multiannual phenological data. Data gaps are caused by clouds, sensor limitations due to the solar zenith angle (<10°), topography and intermittent data reception. We applied our technique for the whole period of observation (July 2002–March 2012). Validation, carried out with VALERI (Validation of Land European Remote Sensing Instruments) and BigFoot data, revealed a high degree (R2 : 0.88) of agreement on a global scale.
How Can I Use This Method?

Code examples are small source code fragments whose purpose is to illustrate how a programming language construct, an API, or a specific function/method works. Since code examples are not always available in the software documentation, researchers have proposed techniques to automatically extract them from existing software or to mine them from developer discussions. In this paper we propose MUSE (Method USage Examples), an approach for mining and ranking actual code examples that show how to use a specific method. MUSE combines static slicing (to simplify examples) with clone detection (to group similar examples), and uses heuristics to select and rank the best examples in terms of reusability, understandability, and popularity. MUSE has been empirically evaluated using examples mined from six libraries, by performing three studies involving a total of 140 developers to: (i) evaluate the selection and ranking heuristics, (ii) provide their perception on the usefulness of the selected examples, and (iii) perform specific programming tasks using the MUSE examples. The results indicate that MUSE selects and ranks examples close to how humans do, most of the code examples (82%) are perceived as useful, and they actually help when performing programming tasks.
Caractéristiques psychométriques de la version canadienne-française d'une échelle de satisfaction pour patients hospitalisés en psychiatrie *

This paper presents the results of a content and convergent validity study of the French-Canadian version of a standardized satisfaction scale for hospitalized psychiatric patients. One hundred and twenty-two patients underwent an interview during which they completed the translated version of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, developed by Distephano et al, and answered open-ended questions on their satisfaction with the services they received. The results revealed strong correlations between these measures of satisfaction and a high level of internal consistency for the Distefano scale, suggesting satisfactory psychometric characteristics for this French version. As for the original questionnaire, the factorial structure yielded at least two distinct satisfaction dimensions. These results, and those of the content analysis, based on answers from the open-ended questions, helped to identify aspects mentioned by the patients but not covered by the items included in the satisfaction scales. The units' cleanliness, therapists' work and attitudes and privacy on the units are examples of these dimensions.
Focusing on teacher–student interactions eliminates the negative impact of students’ disruptive behavior on teacher perceptions

This study tests the impact of a randomly assigned professional development coaching intervention (MyTeachingPartner-Secondary; MTP-S) on teacher projections of their students’ educational attainment. Results indicate that students who report more behavior problems in the Fall of the academic year are projected by teachers to have lower future educational attainment in the Spring of the academic year. However, analyses further indicate that participation in the MTP-S intervention moderates the association between Fall student behavior problems and teachers’ Spring projections for student attainment, such that this link is not significant for students in classrooms where the teacher is participating in MTP-S. In fact, results indicate that teachers who participate in the intervention project better educational attainment for their students than teachers who are in a business-as-usual control condition, regardless of their students’ behavior. Findings are discussed in terms of the role that interventions targeting classroom interactions may play in altering teachers’ internal view of students, thus ultimately promoting adolescent development.
Active search for real-time vision

In most cases when information is to be extracted from an image, there are priors available on the state of the world and therefore on the detailed measurements which are obtained. While such priors are commonly combined with the actual measurements via Bayes' rule to calculate posterior probability distributions on model parameters, their additional value in guiding efficient image processing has almost always been overlooked. Priors tell us where to look for information in an image, how much computational effort we can expect to expend to extract it, and of how much utility to the task in hand it is likely to be. Such considerations are of importance in all practical real time vision systems, where the processing resources available at each frame in a sequence are strictly limited - and it is exactly in high frame rate real time systems such as trackers where strong priors are most likely to be available. In this paper, we use Shannon information theory to analyse the fundamental value of measurements using mutual information scores in absolute units of bits, specifically looking at the overwhelming case where uncertainty can be characterised by Gaussian probability distributions. We then compare these measurement values with the computational cost of the image processing required to obtain them. This theory puts on a firm footing for the first time principles of 'active search' for efficient guided image processing, in which candidate features of possibly different types can be compared and selected automatically for measurement.
OVO-like 1 regulates progenitor cell fate in human trophoblast development

Significance Epithelial barrier integrity is dependent on progenitor cells that either divide to replenish themselves or differentiate into a functional epithelium. In the placenta, cytotrophoblast cells comprise this progenitor population, but the differentiation program they undertake is unlike any other in human tissues: acquisition of hormonogenesis and cell fusion to form a syncytialized (syncytio)trophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast forms the primary epithelial barrier separating maternal and fetal tissue and performs functions vital for pregnancy. In the present study, we found that OVO-like 1 (OVOL1), a transcription factor homolog of Drosophila ovo, regulates the transition between progenitor and differentiated cytotrophoblast. It does so by repressing genes that maintain cytotrophoblast progenitor traits. This study provides insight into the role of OVOL1 in human trophoblast development. Epithelial barrier integrity is dependent on progenitor cells that either divide to replenish themselves or differentiate into a specialized epithelium. This paradigm exists in human placenta, where cytotrophoblast cells either propagate or undergo a unique differentiation program: fusion into an overlying syncytiotrophoblast. Syncytiotrophoblast is the primary barrier regulating the exchange of nutrients and gases between maternal and fetal blood and is the principal site for synthesizing hormones vital for human pregnancy. How trophoblast cells regulate their differentiation into a syncytium is not well understood. In this study, we show that the transcription factor OVO-like 1 (OVOL1), a homolog of Drosophila ovo, regulates the transition from progenitor to differentiated trophoblast cells. OVOL1 is expressed in human placenta and was robustly induced following stimulation of trophoblast differentiation. Disruption of OVOL1 abrogated cytotrophoblast fusion and inhibited the expression of a broad set of genes required for trophoblast cell fusion and hormonogenesis. OVOL1 was required to suppress genes that maintain cytotrophoblast cells in a progenitor state, including MYC, ID1, TP63, and ASCL2, and bound specifically to regions upstream of each of these genes. Our results reveal an important function of OVOL1 as a regulator of trophoblast progenitor cell fate during human trophoblast development.
Global Carbon Utilization Profiles of Wild-Type, Mutant, and Transformant Strains of Hypocrea jecorina

ABSTRACT The ascomycete Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei), an industrial producer of cellulases and hemicellulases, can efficiently degrade plant polysaccharides. However, the catabolic pathways for the resulting monomers and their relationship to enzyme induction are not well known. Here we used the Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays technique to evaluate the growth of H. jecorina on 95 carbon sources. For this purpose, we compared several wild-type isolates, mutants producing different amounts of cellulases, and strains transformed with a heterologous antibiotic resistance marker gene. The wild-type isolates and transformed strains had the highest variation in growth patterns on individual carbon sources. The cellulase mutants were relatively similar to their parental strains. Both in the mutant and in the transformed strains, the most significant changes occurred in utilization of xylitol, erythritol, d-sorbitol, d-ribose, d-galactose, l-arabinose, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, maltotriose, and β-methyl-glucoside. Increased production of cellulases was negatively correlated with the ability to grow on γ-aminobutyrate, adonitol, and 2-ketogluconate; and positively correlated with that on d-sorbitol and saccharic acid. The reproducibility, relative simplicity, and high resolution (±10% of increase in mycelial density) of the phenotypic microarrays make them a useful tool for the characterization of mutant and transformed strains and for a global analysis of gene function.
On Convergence of Proportionate-Type Nlms Adaptive Algorithms

We specify the general form of proportionate-type NLMS adaptive algorithms and show that for sufficiently small adaptation stepsize parameter, the algorithms can be exponentially stable, globally convergent and robust to unmodeled dynamics and measurement noise. Also, we show that for small adaptation stepsize parameter and stationary inputs, behavior of proportionate-type NLMS algorithms can be modeled by proportionate-type steepest descent algorithms. This motivates designing of proportion ate-type NLMS adaptive algorithms by looking at the adjoint proportionate-type steepest descent algorithms
UNDERESTANDING SCORES ON THE SATISFACTION WITH LIFE SCALE

Respondents who score in this range love their lives and feel that things are going very well. Their lives are not perfect, but they feel that things are about as good as lives get. Furthermore, just because the person is satisfied does not mean she or he is complacent. In fact, growth and challenge might be part of the reason the respondent is satisfied. For most people in this high-scoring range, life is enjoyable, and the major domains of life are going well – work or school, family, friends, leisure, and personal development.
The Queen’s Agents: Using Collaborating Object-Based Dialogue Agents in the Queen’s Communicator

A dialogue manager provides the decision making at the heart of a spoken dialogue system. In an object-oriented approach to dialogue management, generic behaviour, such as confirming new or modified information that has been supplied by the user, is inherited by more specialised classes. These specialised classes either encapsulate behaviour typical of a particular business domain (service agents) or make available dialogue abilities that may be required in many business domains (support agents). In this paper we consider the interplay between the agents' generic and specialised behaviour and consider the manner in which service and support agents collaborate within and across their respective groups.
Impact of different gate insulator materials on the electron mobility in ultra-thin (100) InGaAs-on-insulator MOS devices

In this paper, we studied the influence of the parameters of technologically relevant dielectrics (SiO<sub>2</sub>, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub>) and channel thickness downscaling on the electron mobility in InGaAs-on-insulator channels with (100) surface orientation. The study of mobility properties is enabled by a self-consistent Schrödinger-Poisson solver that is coupled with a scattering simulator based on the momentum relaxation time approximation, in order to calculate the scattering rates of electrons with acoustic, optical, remote and polar phonons, surface roughness, Coulomb impurities and alloy disorder. Simulations revealed that SiO<sub>2</sub> is the optimum gate dielectric material irrespective of the body thickness, followed by Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> or HfO<sub>2</sub>, depending on InGaAs-to-oxide surface roughness.
Aicyber at SemEval-2016 Task 4: i-vector based sentence representation

This paper introduces aicyber’s systems for SemEval 2016 , Task 4A. The ﬁrst system is build on vector space model (VSM), the second system is build on a new framework to estimate sentence vector, it is inspired by the i-vector in speaker veriﬁcation domain. Both systems are evaluated on SemEval 2016 (Task4A) as well as IMDB dataset. Evaluation results show that the i-vector based sentence vector is an alternative approach to present sentence.
Fluxes of nitrogen oxides over a temperate deciduous forest

[1] Eddy covariance flux measurements of NO, NO2, and O3 were obtained above the mixed deciduous canopy at Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts from April to November 2000. Net deposition of NOx was observed throughout the measurement period, with average velocity of ∼0.2 cm s−1. At night, NO2 is deposited at a rate that depends nonlinearly on NO2 concentration and cannot be explained by N2O5 hydrolysis, suggesting HONO formation by heterogeneous disproportionation of NO2. During the day, photochemically driven NOx fluxes conform to the predicted behavior based on gradients of light and eddy diffusivity through the canopy, with residual net flux attributable to both stomatal and nonstomatal processes. The results were consistent with a compensation point for NO2 near 1.5 nmol mol−1. These results were confirmed by independent evidence from NO, NO2, and O3 profiles acquired at the site over several years. If the rate of NOx deposition observed at this site in April through November continues during the winter, it would have a larger potential impact on tropospheric chemistry because mixing depths are shallow and chemical NOx oxidation is slow during winter; the impact at night is important for the same reasons. The results contradict widely used parameterizations of NO2 deposition that both overestimate stomatal uptake and do not allow for surface uptake when stomates are closed.