Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linguistically Motivated Unsupervised Segmentation for Machine Translation

In this paper we use statistical machine translation and morphology information from two different morphological analyzers to try to improve translation quality by linguistically motivated segmentation. The morphological analyzers we use are the unsupervised Morfessor morpheme segmentation and analyzer toolkit and the rule-based morphological analyzer T3. Our translations are done using the Moses statistical machine translation toolkit with training on the JRC-Acquis corpora and translating on Estonian to English and English to Estonian language directions. In our work we model such linguistic phenomena as word lemmas and endings and splitting compound words into simpler parts. Also lemma information was used to introduce new factors to the corpora and to use this information for better word alignment or for alternative path back-off translation. From the results we find that even though these methods have shown previously and keep showing promise of improved translation, their success still largely depends on the corpora and language pairs used.
SVG image comparison using commands of element path

In this paper1, we propose a new method to compare two SVG images, based on attributes of Path tag each image will be characterized by 19 numeric values, which represent the structure of the path. The Euclidian distance is not suitable to compare attributes so we have used similarity between histogram bins. Results obtained on test image are promoted.
The Integrin Co-activator Kindlin-3 Is Expressed and Functional in a Non-hematopoietic Cell, the Endothelial Cell

Integrin activation is crucial for numerous cellular responses, including cell adhesion, migration, and survival. Recent studies in mice have specifically emphasized the vital role of kindlin-3 in integrin activation. Kindlin-3 deficiency in humans also has now been documented and includes symptoms of bleeding, frequent infections, and osteopetrosis, which are consequences of an inability to activate β1, β2, and β3 integrins. To date, kindlin-3 was thought to be restricted to hematopoietic cells. In this article, we demonstrate that kindlin-3 is present in human endothelial cells derived from various anatomical origins. The mRNA and protein for KINDLIN-3 was detected in endothelial cells by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blots. When subjected to sequencing by mass spectrometry, the protein was identified as authentic kindlin-3 and unequivocally distinguished from KINDLIN-1 and KINDLIN-2 or any other known protein. By quantitative real time PCR, the level of kindlin-3 in endothelial cells was 20–50% of that of kindlin-2. Using knockdown approaches, we show that kindlin-3 plays a role in integrin-mediated adhesion of endothelial cells. This function depends upon the integrin and substrate and is distinct from that of kindlin-2. Formation of tube-like structures in Matrigel also was impaired by kindlin-3 knockdown. Mechanistically, the distinct functions of the kindlins can be traced to differences in their subcellular localization in integrin-containing adhesion structures. Thus, the prevailing view that individual kindlins exert their functions in a cell type-specific manner must now be modified to consider distinct functions of the different family members within the same cell type.
Network lifetime enhancement of multi-hop wireless sensor network by RF energy harvesting

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be made more energy efficient by adopting multihop communication rather than single hop communication. Relaying heavy data traffic through nearby nodes of sink arises energy holes which is very crucial to prolong network lifetime. This paper propose an efficient RF energy harvesting scheme using multiple dedicated RF sources to avert energy holes. The work aims to 1) Optimally place the energy transmitters and 2) Determine optimal number of energy transmitters required to avoid energy holes in multihop WSNs. A utility function is defined for placing the energy transmitters, ensuring more weight for supplying energy to relay nodes and to maintain a minimum energy among all sensor nodes. For optimum number of energy transmitters, an optimization problem is solved while satisfying the constraint on minimum energy charged by each sensor node. Simulation results are provided which illustrate the performance of multihop WSN with Wireless Energy Transfer in terms of energy charged, number of energy transmitter's, throughput and outage in the network.
Ca/sup 2+/-induced calcium-release in a rat ventricular cell - a model study

A computer model is developed for the characterization of Ca/sup 2+/-induced calcium release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the rat ventricular cell. The fluid compartment model is configured to describe the trigger Ca/sup 2+/ influx (I/sub Ca,L/) through the membrane of the sarcolemma (SL); the diffusion of Ca/sup 2+/ throughout a small cleft space, which is located between the SL and the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (jSR); and a distribution of five ryanodine (Ry)-sensitive Ca/sup 2+/ release channels called the "Ca/sup 2+/-release complex". Each Ry-receptor controlled channel (or RyR channel) is characterized by a 4-state Markovian kinetic scheme. Two Ca/sup 2+/ ions are required to bind to RyR for channel activation, and one Ca/sup 2+/ ion is required for channel inactivation. The model provides both sufficient Ca/sup 2+/-release gain and graded release behavior. The complete model is used to simulate the whole-cell Ca/sup 2+/ transient data, evoked in a voltage clamp test. We also studied the linear relationship between the rising rate of the Ca/sup 2+/ transients and the peak trigger I/sub Ca,L/. The model results suggest that this relationship is the indirect result of 2/sup nd/-order RyR activation dynamics, filtered by fluorescent indicator dye.
Face image generation system using attribute information with DCGANs

In this paper, we propose an attribute added face image generation system using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks(DCGANs). Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) can extract important features of an image and attain high precision in image classification tasks. In the proposed system, image features are extracted using CNNs, and attribute features added to image features, and attributes added images are generated by DCGANs. Specifically, we use the attributes of "smile" and "male", and work on a task of generating smile images from non-smile images, and a task of generating male images from female images. Since the training of the proposed system requires image pairs including with and without attributes, we use two extraction methods, 1)Usage of attribute label attached dataset, 2)Usage of cosine similarity. To obtain attribute features, we trained 4-layer CNNs which are the same architecture as Discriminator of GANs, to classify images into two classes, with and without attributes. Here, attribute features are defined as the averaged difference between image features with and without attributes, more specifically, the values in the final convolution layer in the 4-layer CNNs. We performed two kinds of evaluation experiments: the first one is a subjective evaluation experiment on items such as "whether generated images have attributes", the second one is a quantitative evaluation experiment for measuring whether the people shown in the input image and the generated image are the same person. As the results, excellent characteristics were obtained.
Extracting requirements for design a two-wheels electric vehicle and proposing a design procedure

In recent years many countries in the world face with the problem of air pollution. The fossil fuels which have been used in the urban transport are one of the major exacerbating factors. The studies have shown that the development of the electric transport systems can play a significant role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and hence reducing air pollution. Among the various types of the electric vehicles, the two wheels electric vehicle such as electric bicycle, motorcycle and scooter can play an important role in reducing urban traffic and noise pollution, and increasing general health indicators, in addition to reducing air pollution. Regarding these points, many researchers around the world are involved in the design process of these vehicles. In this paper, a review of different structures of e-bike, the limitations and standards, the mathematical relations in design process, the different types of applied electric motors and different types of batteries have been conducted. Finally, an important flow-chart for design and manufacture of a two wheel electrical vehicle is suggested.
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia: Advances, challenges, and opportunity

Abstract Though the concepts of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) were originally proposed over 50 years ago, the technique has yet to be successfully translated into routine clinical application. Significant challenges must be addressed if the field is to progress and realise its potential as an option for treatment of diseases such as cancer. These challenges include determining the optimum fields and frequencies that maximise the effectiveness of MFH without significant detrimental off-target effects on healthy tissue, achieving sufficient concentrations of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) within the target tumour, and developing a better mechanistic understanding of MNP-mediated energy deposition and its effects on cells and tissue. On the other hand, emerging experimental evidence indicates that local thermal effects indeed occur in the vicinity of energy-dissipating MNPs. These findings point to the opportunity of engineering MNPs for the selective destruction of cells and/or intracellular structures without the need for a macroscopic tissue temperature rise, in what we here call magnetically mediated energy delivery (MagMED).
Effects of Single Doping and Composite Doping of Yttrium and Antimony on the Structural, Thermodynamic, Mechanical, and Electronic Properties of Mg2Si by First Principles

The structural, stability, thermodynamic, mechanical, and electronic properties of Y and Sb doped into Mg2Si were studied by first principles. The results show that the stable structures are Mg7Si4Y, Mg8Si4Sb, Mg6Si4YSb, and Mg7Si4YSb. Mg8Si4Sb has the largest ductility among them. Y doping causes strong orbital hybridization between Mg (2p) and Y (4d), while Sb doping causes strong orbital hybridization between Mg (2p), Si (3p), and Sb (5p). However, the thermal conductivity and hardness of Mg2Si will be reduced by Y and Sb doping. The conductivity of Mg8Si4Sb is the best. The anisotropy of the {100}, {010}, and {001} surfaces will increase once doped with Y or Sb. Mg8Si4Sb has the highest degree of anisotropy.
A 0.45 V 100-Channel Neural-Recording IC With Sub-$\mu {\rm W}$/Channel Consumption in 0.18 $\mu{\rm m}$ CMOS

Neural prosthetics and personal healthcare have increasing need of high channel density low noise low power neural sensor interfaces. The input referred noise and quantization resolution are two essential factors which prevent conventional neural sensor interfaces from simultaneously achieving a good noise efficiency factor and low power consumption. In this paper, a neural recording architecture with dynamic range folding and current reuse techniques is proposed and dedicated to solving the noise and dynamic range trade-off under low voltage low power operation. Measured results from the silicon prototype show that the proposed design achieves 3.2 μVrms input referred noise and 8.27 effective number of bits at only 0.45 V supply and 0.94 μW/channel power consumption.
Ease of imagination, message framing, and physical activity messages.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to replicate a study that examined how message framing and ease of imagination interact to influence attitudes towards the prevention of heart disease through physical activity and a healthy diet. Changes were made such that only physical activity behaviour was profiled and assessed as a moderating variable. It was hypothesized that gain-framed messages would positively influence attitudes with hard to imagine symptoms, that loss-framed messages would positively influence attitudes with easy to imagine symptoms and exercise frequency would moderate the findings. DESIGN This study employed a 2 (easy or hard to imagine symptoms) by 2 (gain- or loss-framed) Solomon square design whereby participants, half of whom completed a pre-test, were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: easy to imagine/gain-framed, hard to imagine/gain-framed, easy to imagine/loss-framed, or hard to imagine/loss-framed. METHODS Participants included adults over the age of 55 years (N=57) and undergraduate students (18-22 years; N=118). They were described either hard to imagine or easy to imagine symptoms of heart disease and diabetes and asked to imagine them. Participants then read either a gain- or loss-framed physical activity message followed by post-test questionnaires that assessed attitudes, exercise frequency, and demographics. RESULTS Regression analyses showed no significant framing effects but significant effects for ease of imagination and exercise frequency as a moderating variable. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to replicate the original research findings but showed that participants who exercised the least and were in the hard to imagine condition had the worst attitudes towards physical activity.
Pre-clinical drug tests in the mdx mouse as a model of dystrophinopathies: an overview

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a lethal X-linked muscle disease affecting 1/3500 live male birth. It results from defects in the subsarcolemmal protein dystrophin, a component of the dystrophinglycoprotein complex (DGC) which links the intracellular cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. The absence of dystrophin leads to muscle membrane fragility, muscle necrosis and gradual replacement of skeletal muscle by fat and connective tissue, through a complex and still unclear cascade of interconnecting events. No cure is currently available, with glucocorticoids being the sole drugs in clinical use in spite of their remarkable side effects. A great effort is devoted at performing pre-clinical tests on the mdx mouse, the mostly used homologous animal model for DMD, with the final aim to identify drugs safer than steroids and able to target the pathogenic mechanisms so to delay pathology progression. This review updates the efforts on this topic, focusing on the open issues about the animal model and highlighting the classes of pharmaceuticals that are more promising as diseasemodifiers, while awaiting for more corrective therapies. Although caution is necessary in data transfer from mdx model to DMD patients, the implementation of standard operating procedures and the growing understanding of the pathology may allow a more accurate evaluation of therapeutics, alone or in combination, in pre-clinical settings. A continuous cross-talk with clinicians and patients associations are also crucial points for proper translation of data from mouse to bedside.
Pharmacological Blockade of Adenosine A2A but Not A1 Receptors Enhances Goal-Directed Valuation in Satiety-Based Instrumental Behavior

The balance and smooth shift between flexible, goal-directed behaviors and repetitive, habitual actions are critical to optimal performance of behavioral tasks. The striatum plays an essential role in control of goal-directed versus habitual behaviors through a rich interplay of the numerous neurotransmitters and neuromodulators to modify the input, processing and output functions of the striatum. The adenosine receptors (namely A2AR and A1R), with their high expression pattern in the striatum and abilities to interact and integrate dopamine, glutamate and cannabinoid signals in the striatum, may represent novel therapeutic targets for modulating instrumental behavior. In this study, we examined the effects of pharmacological blockade of the A2ARs and A1Rs on goal-directed versus habitual behaviors in different information processing phases of instrumental learning using a satiety-based instrumental behavior procedure. We found that A2AR antagonist acts at the coding, consolidation and expression phases of instrumental learning to modulate animals’ sensitivity to goal-directed valuation without modifying action-outcome contingency. However, pharmacological blockade and genetic knockout of A1Rs did not affect acquisition or sensitivity to goal-valuation of instrumental behavior. These findings provide pharmacological evidence for a potential therapeutic strategy to control abnormal instrumental behaviors associated with drug addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder by targeting the A2AR.
LVRT capability enhancement of single-phase grid connected PV array with coupled supercapacitor

The penetration level of Photovoltaic (PV) systems in electrical grid is exceeding by a steep rate. This leads to increased vulnerability of electrical grid. Therefore, LVRT capability of PV systems has the utmost importance in term of future grid reliability. The LVRT capability of single phase inverters has been investigated in previous studies, but none of the prior investigations considered fault effects on DC side dynamics. The main contribution of this paper is to fill this gap so, in this paper grid fault effect on DC side voltage of inverter and MPPT algorithm is explored. Different reactive power injection strategies and their performance in term of the level of injected power fluctuation explored. The single phase connected PV array with supercapacitor and its control strategy proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed structure is validated by simulation carried out in MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Surgical Treatment of Sinuses by Deroofing in Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Patients with mild HS (Hurley I) may benefit from topical or systemic treatment, sometimes combined with surgery (incision with drainage), but if sinuses have formed, response to topical and oral medication is poor, and surgical treatment is necessary. In patients with Hurley stage III, a combination of oral medication and more-extensive surgery (entire block resection) is often needed. Results of conventional surgical methods may be disappointing; incision and drainage have high recurrence rate, whereas block excision takes prolonged wound healing.
Multiple Patient Monitoring in the Operating Room using a Head-Mounted Display

Physicians and nurses in intensive care units and operating rooms are responsible for several patients at the same time. However, monitoring multiple patients can be challenging, for example, because staff are moving and vital signs may not be accessible. Therefore, physicians and nurses may not be able to create a full picture of their patients' status - so called situation awareness. The hands-free operability and portability of a head-mounted display could allow physicians and nurses to monitor vital signs constantly and independently of location. We developed an application that displays vital signs of multiple patients on a Vuzix M300 head-mounted display. In this work, we describe the user-centered design approach, implementation, and future evaluation of the application in the operating room at the University Hospital Würzburg.
Modern diagnosis of GERD: the Lyon Consensus

Clinical history, questionnaire data and response to antisecretory therapy are insufficient to make a conclusive diagnosis of GERD in isolation, but are of value in determining need for further investigation. Conclusive evidence for reflux on oesophageal testing include advanced grade erosive oesophagitis (LA grades C and D), long-segment Barrett’s mucosa or peptic strictures on endoscopy or distal oesophageal acid exposure time (AET) >6% on ambulatory pH or pH-impedance monitoring. A normal endoscopy does not exclude GERD, but provides supportive evidence refuting GERD in conjunction with distal AET <4% and <40 reflux episodes on pH-impedance monitoring off proton pump inhibitors. Reflux-symptom association on ambulatory reflux monitoring provides supportive evidence for reflux triggered symptoms, and may predict a better treatment outcome when present. When endoscopy and pH or pH-impedance monitoring are inconclusive, adjunctive evidence from biopsy findings (histopathology scores, dilated intercellular spaces), motor evaluation (hypotensive lower oesophageal sphincter, hiatus hernia and oesophageal body hypomotility on high-resolution manometry) and novel impedance metrics (baseline impedance, postreflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index) can add confidence for a GERD diagnosis; however, diagnosis cannot be based on these findings alone. An assessment of anatomy, motor function, reflux burden and symptomatic phenotype will therefore help direct management. Future GERD management strategies should focus on defining individual patient phenotypes based on the level of refluxate exposure, mechanism of reflux, efficacy of clearance, underlying anatomy of the oesophagogastric junction and psychometrics defining symptomatic presentations.
Optimal design and finite element analysis of a high speed, axial-flux permanent magnet synchronous motor

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been considered in many high-speed applications. Gaining the maximum torque density with minimum losses is the goal of design in such applications. This paper presents the design and optimization of an axial-flux permanent magnet motor with 300 Watt rated at 60,000 rpm. Based on analytical relations of motor design, the specifications and dimensions of motor are determined. Due to special application of designed motor that needs to demanded torque with minimum current and copper losses, dimensions and design specifications of motor is optimized via genetic algorithm. Optimization algorithm determines the optimum value of air gap, permanent magnet flux density, current density and turns number of stator windings. To demonstrate of analytical design and optimization results, using 3-D model of motor in Maxwell software, a finite element analysis is carried out. The simulation results show the significant reduction in RMS current and copper loss at rated torque. There is a good agreement between analytical design and FEM analysis results and it confirms the effectiveness of presented optimization algorithm.
DBlexipedia: A Nucleus for a Multilingual Lexical Semantic Web

A huge amount of datasets on the Semantic Web are linked to a few datahubs, the most prominent of which is DBpedia. What makes the exploitation of DBpedia challenging for natural language-based ap- plications, however, is that such NLP applications require knowledge about how the ontology elements are verbalized in natural language. In order to provide such knowledge at the required scale and thereby lever- age the use of DBpedia in different applications, we construct a lexicon for the DBpedia 2014 ontology by means of existing automatic methods for lexicon induction. It contains 11,998 lexical entries for 574 different properties in three languages: English, German, and Spanish. Just like DBpedia provides a hub for Semantic Web datasets, this lexicon can pro- vide a hub for the lexical Semantic Web, an ecosystem in which ontology lexica are published, linked, and re-used across applications.
An Instrument for Evaluating Uncertainty Visualization Techniques

Today's data visualization tools offer few capabilities and no representational standards for conveying uncertainty. Our aim is to remedy this by creating a visual vocabulary for uncertainty in data. However, we must first develop an extensible methodology for validating the effectiveness of uncertainty visualization techniques. In this paper we describe a test instrument we have developed to collect empirical data concerning four measures - accuracy, response time, reported confidence, and cognitive load - that can be used to evaluate techniques for visualizing data with uncertainty.