Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Controllability of Temporally-flexible Reactive Programs

In this paper we extend dynamic controllability of temporally-flexible plans to temporally-flexible reactive programs. We consider three reactive programming language constructs whose behavior depends on runtime observations; conditional execution, iteration, and exception handling. Temporally-flexible reactive programs are distinguished from temporally-flexible plans in that program execution is conditioned on the runtime state of the world. In addition, exceptions are thrown and caught at runtime in response to violated timing constraints, and handled exceptions are considered successful program executions. Dynamic controllability corresponds to a guarantee that a program will execute to completion, despite runtime constraint violations and uncertainty in runtime state. An algorithm is developed which frames the dynamic controllability problem as an AND/OR search tree over possible program executions. A key advantage of this approach is the ability to enumerate only a subset of possible program executions that guarantees dynamic controllability, framed as an AND/OR solution subtree.
Correlations between Physical and Cognitive Functions and Depression Symptoms in the Dysmobility Syndrome Group

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between physical and cognitive functions and depression in elderly women with dysmobility syndrome. For this study, data on 6,070 elderly women were used and 43 of these women had dysmobility syndrome. Depression symptoms were significantly negatively correlated with sub-categories of physical function (r = -0.616 to -0.307) but were not significantly correlated with cognitive function (r = -0.032, P = 0.838) in the dysmobility syndrome group.
20 Metasurfaces for High Directivity Antenna Applications

There has been a lot of study published in literature on the improvement of the performances of microstrip patch antennas. Most of the solutions proposed in the past were to use an array of several antennas. The particular disadvantage of this method comes from the feeding of each antenna and also from the coupling between each element. Other interesting solutions have then been suggested: the first one (Jackson & Alexópoulos, 1985) was to make use of a superstrate of either high permittivity or permeability above the patch antenna and the second one proposed (Nakano et al., 2004), is to sandwich the antenna by dielectric layers of the same permittivity. A Left-Handed Medium (LHM) superstrate where both permittivity and permeability are simultaneously negative has also been suggested (Burokur et al., 2005). The numerical study of a patch antenna where a Left-Handed Medium (LHM) is placed above has been done and in this case a gain enhancement of about 3 dB has been observed. However, these solutions are all based on non-planar designs which are bulky for novel telecommunication systems requiring compact low-profile and environment friendly directive antennas.
The Role of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway in Mood Modulation

The neurobiological underpinnings of mood modulation, molecular pathophysiology of manic-depressive illness, and therapeutic mechanism of mood stabilizers are largely unknown. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is activated by neurotrophins and other neuroactive chemicals to produce their effects on neuronal differentiation, survival, regeneration, and structural and functional plasticity. We found that lithium and valproate, commonly used mood stabilizers for the treatment of manic-depressive illness, stimulated the ERK pathway in the rat hippocampus and frontal cortex. Both drugs increased the levels of activated phospho-ERK44/42, activated phospho-ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (RSK1) (a substrate of ERK), phospho-CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) and phospho-B cell lymphoma protein-2 antagonist of cell death (substrates of RSK), and BDNF. Inhibiting the ERK pathway with the blood-brain barrier-penetrating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase)/ERK kinase (MEK) kinase inhibitor SL327, but not with the nonblood-brain barrier-penetrating MEK inhibitor U0126, decreased immobility time and increased swimming time of rats in the forced-swim test. SL327, but not U0126, also increased locomotion time and distance traveled in a large open field. The behavioral changes in the open field were prevented with chronic lithium pretreatment. SL327-induced behavioral changes are qualitatively similar to the changes induced by amphetamine, a compound that induces relapse in remitted manic patients and mood elevation in normal subjects. These data suggest that the ERK pathway may mediate the antimanic effects of mood stabilizers.
Data submission and quality in microarray-based microRNA profiling.

BACKGROUND Public sharing of scientific data has assumed greater importance in the omics era. Transparency is necessary for confirmation and validation, and multiple examiners aid in extracting maximal value from large data sets. Accordingly, database submission and provision of the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME)(3) are required by most journals as a prerequisite for review or acceptance. METHODS In this study, the level of data submission and MIAME compliance was reviewed for 127 articles that included microarray-based microRNA (miRNA) profiling and were published from July 2011 through April 2012 in the journals that published the largest number of such articles--PLOS ONE, the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Blood, and Oncogene--along with articles from 9 other journals, including Clinical Chemistry, that published smaller numbers of array-based articles. RESULTS Overall, data submission was reported at publication for <40% of all articles, and almost 75% of articles were MIAME noncompliant. On average, articles that included full data submission scored significantly higher on a quality metric than articles with limited or no data submission, and studies with adequate description of methods disproportionately included larger numbers of experimental repeats. Finally, for several articles that were not MIAME compliant, data reanalysis revealed less than complete support for the published conclusions, in 1 case leading to retraction. CONCLUSIONS These findings buttress the hypothesis that reluctance to share data is associated with low study quality and suggest that most miRNA array investigations are underpowered and/or potentially compromised by a lack of appropriate reporting and data submission.
Computed tomography-guided needle aspiration and biopsy of pulmonary lesions: a single-center experience in 1000 patients

Background Computed tomography (CT)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) and biopsies are well-established, minimally invasive diagnostic tools for pulmonary lesions. Purpose To analyze retrospectively the results of 1000 consecutive lung CT-guided FNA and/or core needle biopsies (CNB), the main outcome measures being diagnostic yield, and complication rates. Material and Methods Patients considered eligible were those referred to our department for lung lesions. The choice of FNA, CNB, or both was based upon the radiologist's judgment. Diagnostic yield was defined as the probability of having a definite result by cytology/histology. Results The study included 733 male patients and 267 female patients, with a mean (SD) age of 66.4 (11.4) years. The mean (SD) lesion size was 3.7 (2.4) cm in maximal diameter. Six hundred and forty-one (64%) patients underwent an FNA procedure, 245 (25%) a CNB, and 114 (11%) had been subjected to both. The diagnostic yield was 960/994 (96.6%); this decreased significantly with the use of CNB only (odds ratio [OR] 0.32; 95% CI 0.12–0.88; P = 0.03), while it increased with lesion size (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.03–1.79; P = 0.03 per cm increase). In 506 patients (52.7%), a malignant process was diagnosed by cytopathology/histology. The complication rate reached 97/1000 (9.7%); complications included: hemorrhage, 62 (6.2%); pneumothorax, 28 (2.8%); hemorrhage and pneumothorax, 5 (0.5%); and hemoptysis, 2 (0.2%). It was not significantly affected by the type of procedure or localization of the lesion. The overall risk for complications was three times higher for lesions <4 cm (OR 3.26; 95% CI 1.96–5.42; P < 0.001). Conclusion CT-guided lung biopsy has a high diagnostic yield using FNA, CNB, or both. The CNB procedure alone will not suffice. Complication rates were acceptable and correlated inversely with lesion size, not localization or type of procedure.
Musical Effects: Glocal Identities and Consumer Activism

This study provides further insights into the processes that occur in accomplishing identity projects in modern consumer culture. Especially illustrated is the role of cultural elements, specifically represented by (rock) music. In our four-year long fieldwork, we observe that musical codes are instrumental in shaping consumer identities. The relations between music and consumer activism are demonstrated. Transformations in conventional modern identities are found. The preliminary findings reveal that music, specifically rock music, enriches the modes of being in the world. Consumers enjoy experiencing and contesting all modes of being during their consumption experiences in the glocal rock festivals.
In-Loop Transient Electromagnetic Responses With Induced Polarization Effects of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Deposits

A transient electromagnetic (TEM) system using a small loop source is advantageous to the development of compact autonomous instruments, which are well suited to a submersible-based survey. Since the electrical conductivity of subseafloor materials can be frequency dependent, these induced polarization (IP) effects may affect the reliability of TEM data interpretation. In this paper, we investigate the IP effects on the TEM responses of deep-sea hydrothermal mineral deposits with a thin sediment cover. Time-domain target signals are larger and appear earlier in horizontal magnetic fields than in vertical magnetic fields. The IP effects cause transient magnetic fields to enhance initially, to decay rapidly, and then to reverse the polarity. The dc conductivity and chargeability in Cole-Cole parameters influence the time of sign reversals and the enhancement of target responses, simultaneously. A damped least squares inversion scheme is applied to reconstruct a polarizable hydrothermal deposit model using synthetic TEM sounding data sampled from a time interval before the sign reversal. The test example demonstrates that the Cole-Cole parameters of a highly conductive layer can be resolved more effectively from vertical magnetic fields than from horizontal magnetic fields.
Patlak plots of Gd‐DTPA MRI data yield blood–brain transfer constants concordant with those of 14C‐sucrose in areas of blood–brain opening

The blood‐to‐brain transfer rate constant (Ki) of Gd‐DTPA was determined in MRI studies of a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia. The longitudinal relaxation rate, R1, was estimated using repeated Look‐Locker measurements. A model‐independent analysis of ΔR1, the Patlak plot, produced maps of Ki for Gd‐DTPA and the distribution volume of the mobile protons (Vp) with intravascular‐Gd changed R1's. The Ki's of Gd‐DTPA were estimated in regions of interest with blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening (regions of interest, ROIs) and compared to those of 14C‐sucrose determined shortly thereafter by quantitative autoradiography. The Ki's for both Gd‐DTPA and sucrose were much higher than normal within the ROIs (n = 7); linear regression of Ki for Gd‐DTPA vs. Ki for sucrose yielded a slope of 0.43 ± 0.11 and r2 = 0.72 (P = 0.01). Thus, Ki for Gd‐DTPA varied in parallel with, but was less than, Ki for sucrose. In the ROIs, mean Vp was 0.071 ml g−1 and much higher than mean vascular volume estimated by dynamic‐contrast‐enhancement (0.013 ml g−1) or mean Vp in contralateral brain (0.015 ml g−1). This elevated Vp may reflect increased capillary permeability to water. In conclusion, Ki can be reliably calculated from Gd‐DTPA‐MRI data by Patlak plots. Magn Reson Med 50:283–292, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental evaluation of a bovine pericardium-derived collagen matrix buttress in ileocolic and colon anastomoses.

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leakage is a major complication of colorectal surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare stapled ileocolic and colon-colon anastomoses with or without a collagen buttress derived from bovine pericardium in the immediate postoperative period. METHODS Various stapling devices were used to create ileocolic and colon-colon anastomoses in a canine model. Ileocolic anastomoses were created by simulating two different techniques: "open" and "laparoscopic". Colon-colon anastomoses were created by using a double-stapled technique. A total of 27 colon anastomoses (13 left colon-colon, 8 right "laparoscopic", and 6 right "open") were created. Anastomoses buttressed with bovine pericardium (n = 15) were compared to anastomoses without any reinforcement (n = 12). Staple lines were evaluated 4 hours after operation. Evaluation included bursting pressure and bursting location. RESULTS No stapler device malfunction occurred. Excision rings were complete in all colon-colon anastomoses. All non-buttressed anastomoses burst at the staple line, whereas with buttressed anastomoses the adjacent intestine burst (p = 0.0001). The intestinal bursting pressure of bowel segments with buttressed staple lines (mean, 362 mmHg) was significantly higher than the bursting pressure of non-buttressed staple lines (mean, 204 mmHg, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The use of a collagen matrix buttress derived from bovine pericardium in stapled ileocolic and colon-colon anastomoses was safe. Buttressed anastomoses showed greater bursting strength as compared to non-buttressed anastomoses in the immediate postoperative period in a canine model.
Immanuel Kant among the Tenejapans: Anthropology as Empirical Philosophy

The great 18th-century philosopher Immanuel Kant held a complex sequence of views about the fundamental nature of space. At first he seems to have hoped to reconcile Newton's views about space as an 'absolute' (a sort of 'ethereal stuff), independent of and prior to any of the objects in it, with Leibniz's celebrated 'relativist' view of space where space is nothing but the system of relations between things (or rather 'monads'). Twenty years later in 1768 he published a pamphlet (Von dem ersten Grunde des Unterschiedes der Gegenden im Raume, On the First Ground of the Distinction of Regions in Space) that seemed to establish the Newtonian view and to force the rejection of Leibniz's views; it is the ideas sketched there that are the focus of this article. Later, though, he came to reject the Newtonian view as well, claiming that space is neither a set of relations between things nor an 'ethereal stuff, but a subjec-
Effects of acculturation and structural assimilation in resource-based recreation: the case of Mexican Americans.

The study examines the effects of Mexican American acculturation and structural assimilation on outdoor recreation patterns. Based on ethnic assimilation theory, we hypothesized that the greater the level of acculturation or primary structural assimilation, the more similar Mexican Americans would be to Anglo-Americans in their outdoor recreation behavior. Data to test these hypotheses came from a telephone survey of 1,057 households in Maricopa and Gila counties, Arizona. Analysis of covariance indicated that acculturation and primary structural assimilation each had impacts upon Mexican American recreation. In general, primary structural assimilation had its most apparent effects on site visitation, while acculturation was reflected most clearly in activity participation patterns.
The Neural Basis of Vivid Memory Is Patterned on Perception

When we have a rich and vivid memory for a past experience, it often feels like we are transported back in time to witness once again this event. Indeed, a perfect memory would exactly mimic the experiential quality of direct sensory perception. We used fMRI and multivoxel pattern analysis to map and quantify the similarity between patterns of activation evoked by direct perception of a diverse set of short video clips and the vivid remembering, with closed eyes, of these clips. We found that the patterns of distributed brain activation during vivid memory mimicked the patterns evoked during sensory perception. Using whole-brain patterns of activation evoked by perception of the videos, we were able to accurately classify brain patterns that were elicited when participants tried to vividly recall those same videos. A discriminant analysis of the activation patterns associated with each video revealed a high degree (explaining over 80% of the variance) of shared representational similarity between perception and memory. These results show that complex, multifeatured memory involves a partial reinstatement of the whole pattern of brain activity that is evoked during initial perception of the stimulus.
Cortical Auditory Functional Activation By Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical Circuits

i ABSTRACT Auditory hallucinations are a characteristic symptom of schizophrenia. Research has documented that the auditory cortex is metabolically activated when this process occurs, and that imbalances in the dopaminergic transmission in the striatum contribute to its physiopathology. Most animal models have focused the effort on pharmacological approaches like non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists to produce activation of the auditory cortex, or dopamine antagonists to alleviate it. I hypothesize that these perceptual phenomena can be explained by an imbalance activation of spiny projecting neurons in the striatal pathways, whereby supersensitive postsynaptic D2-like receptor, signaling in the posterior caudatoputamen generates activation of the auditory cortex. Therefore, I characterized the neuroanatomical component involved in the activation of the auditory cortex. I evaluated the participation of dopamine D2-like receptor using selective dopamine antagonist manipulations and identified the circuits related to the auditory cortex by retrograde trans-synaptic tracing using pseudorabies virus (PRV-152). My results show that dopamine infused in the posterior caudatoputamen dose dependently increases the transcription of the immediate early gene, zif268 in the auditory cortex, predominantly in layers III and IV, but also in cortical columns, suggesting enhanced functional auditory activity. This indicates the participation of the posterior striatum in the modulation of the secondary auditory cortex. I was able to demonstrate also that a coinfusion of a selective dopamine D2-like receptor antagonist, eticlopride and dopamine, attenuate the activation of the auditory cortex. Furthermore, using PRV-152 I delineate the distinctive circuit by axial mapping of the infected neurons. Thus, I found secondary projections from the posterior caudatoputamen ii that synapse in the thalamus before reaching the auditory cortex. These striatal projections correspond to the same brain region affected by dopamine during auditory cortical activation. My results further characterized a mechanism to generate intrinsic perception of sound that may be responsible for auditory hallucinations. I propose this paradigm may elucidate insight on the biological basis of psychotic behavior. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The present work would have not been possible without the motivation of my patients from the Psychiatric Hospital San Camilo, the Clinic San Juan de Dios and the military base La Arandia. I want to specially thank Jorge for sharing his words about residual schizophrenia, and Mauricio Rodriguez for his support throughout the program.
Ultrasonic Enhancement of Antibiotic Action on Escherichia coli Biofilms: an In Vivo Model

ABSTRACT Biofilm infections are a common complication of prosthetic devices in humans. Previous in vitro research has determined that low-frequency ultrasound combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics is an effective method of killing biofilms. We report the development of an in vivo model to determine if ultrasound enhances antibiotic action. Two 24-h-old Escherichia coli (ATCC 10798) biofilms grown on polyethylene disks were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of New Zealand White female rabbits, one on each side of the spine. Low-frequency (28.48-kHz) and low-power-density (100- and 300-mW/cm2) continuous ultrasound treatment was applied for 24 h with and without systemic administration of gentamicin. The disks were then removed, and the number of viable bacteria on each disk was determined. At the low ultrasonic power used in this study, exposure to ultrasound only (no gentamicin) caused no significant difference in bacterial viability. In the presence of antibiotic, there was a significant reduction due to 300-mW/cm2 ultrasound (P = 0.0485) but no significant reduction due to 100-mW/cm2 ultrasound. Tissue damage to the skin was noted at the 300-mW/cm2 treatment level. Further development of this technique has promise in treatment of clinical implant infections.
Near-Surface S-Velocities, Statics, and Anisotropy Estimated from Scholte Waves

F-28 NEAR-SURFACE S-VELOCITIES STATICS AND ANISOTROPY ESTIMATED FROM SCHOLTE WAVES 1 E. Muyzert 1 J.H. Kommedal 2 K. Iranpour 3 B. Olofsson 4 1) Schlumberger Cambridge Research High Cross Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0EL U.K 2) BP Sunbury U.K. 3) WesternGeco Asker Norway 4) WesternGeco Gatwick U.K. Abstract We present a method to estimate the near-surface S-velocity and converted-wave static corrections for multicomponent ocean bottom seismic (OBS) surveys using Scholte waves. The method is applied to a 3D 4C OBS survey over the Valhall field. In addition we show that Scholte waves can be used to detect shallow azimuthal anisotropy.
Parent's Attitudes and Behavior, the Learning Environment, and Their Influence on Children's Early Reading Achievement

Three different models predict the relationship between parents’ attitudes toward reading, their behavior and the learning environment that they provide, and their influence on the reading performance of their children in first grade. The first model specifies the direct influence of each of the independent variables (attitudes, behavior and learning environment) on the dependent variable (reading performance of the child). The second model emphasizes the behavior as mediator between attitudes and reading performance, and also the direct influence of learning environment on performance. In contrast, the third model relates to the influence of attitudes on reading performance, with behavior as a mediator just in a supportive learning environment. In order to examine these models, we investigated a population of fifty first-grade pupils and their parents, measuring these variables with the help of questionnaires, interviews, observations and reading tests. The findings suggest that parents’ supportive attitudes have a significant positive influence on the reading performance of their children in first grade. This conclusion is actually consistent with all three models. The more specific conclusion, however, is that attitudes are partially mediated by parents’ behavior in a supportive learning environment, which partially supports the third model.