Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crime, health and wellbeing – Longitudinal evidence from Mexico

This paper uses variation in victimization probabilities between individuals living in the same community to shed new light on the costs of crime. I use panel data from the Mexican Family Life Survey for 2002 and 2005 and look at the impact of within-community differences in victimization risk on changes in self-rated and mental health. My results from fixed effects and instrumental variable estimations point towards substantial negative health effects of actual victimization, which might help to explain the existence of compensating differentials in wages or house prices found in earlier studies.
Accounting in Europe – 10 years on

Many EAA members see Accounting in Europe simply as a continuation in independent form of a section from the European Accounting Review (EAR). There is a good deal that backs that perception, but the present journal is also an expression of a desire not to let academic discourse become exclusively the domain of quantitative research, and a desire to maintain links with the world of practicing accountants. Another way to look at it would be that Accounting in Europe was intended to provide an outlet for articles that were more in the tradition of law schools and medical schools and less in the tradition of academic economics and finance. Looking at the origins of the journal, when the EAA started the EAR the aim was to have a journal that would showcase European accounting research. The EAA had produced a few issues of an embryo journal (see Loft et al., 2002) which did not have an editorial board or a formal reviewing system. EAR was built upon these, but with the intention of being a peer-reviewed scientific journal. At the same time the EAA Publications Committee, chaired by the late Anthony Hopwood, did not want to lose sight of the fact that the EAA drew its membership from widely different traditions. EAR was not at that
Multiple outbreaks in epidemic spreading with local vaccination and limited vaccines

How to prevent the spread of human diseases is a great challenge for the scientific community and so far there are many studies in which immunization strategies have been developed. However, these kind of strategies usually do not consider that medical institutes may have limited vaccine resources available. In this manuscript, we explore the susceptible-infected-recovered model with local dynamic vaccination, and considering limited vaccines. In this model, susceptibles in contact with an infected individual, are vaccinated -with probability ω- and then get infected -with probability β. However, when the fraction of immunized individuals reaches a threshold VL, the vaccination stops, after which only the infection is possible. In the steady state, besides the critical points βc and ωc that separate a non-epidemic from an epidemic phase, we find for a range of VL another transition points, β* > βc and ω* < ωc, which correspond to a novel discontinuous phase transition. This critical value separates a phase where the amount of vaccines is sufficient, from a phase where the disease is strong enough to exhaust all the vaccination units. For a disease with fixed β, the vaccination probability ω can be controlled in order to drastically reduce the number of infected individuals, using efficiently the available vaccines. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of the system close to β* or ω*, shows that after a peak of infection the system enters into a quasi-stationary state, with only a few infected cases. But if there are no more vaccines, these few infected individuals could originate a second outbreak, represented by a second peak of infection. This state of apparent calm, could be dangerous since it may lead to misleading conclusions and to an abandon of the strategies to control the disease.
A circadian clock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Circadian timing is a fundamental biological process, underlying cellular physiology in animals, plants, fungi, and cyanobacteria. Circadian clocks organize gene expression, metabolism, and behavior such that they occur at specific times of day. The biological clocks that orchestrate these daily changes confer a survival advantage and dominate daily behavior, for example, waking us in the morning and helping us to sleep at night. The molecular mechanism of circadian clocks has been sketched out in genetic model systems from prokaryotes to humans, revealing a combination of transcriptional and posttranscriptional pathways, but the clock mechanism is far from solved. Although Saccharomyces cerevisiae is among the most powerful genetic experimental systems and, as such, could greatly contribute to our understanding of cellular timing, it still remains absent from the repertoire of circadian model organisms. Here, we use continuous cultures of yeast, establishing conditions that reveal characteristic clock properties similar to those described in other species. Our results show that metabolism in yeast shows systematic circadian entrainment, responding to cycle length and zeitgeber (stimulus) strength, and a (heavily damped) free running rhythm. Furthermore, the clock is obvious in a standard, haploid, auxotrophic strain, opening the door for rapid progress into cellular clock mechanisms.
A unification of network coding and routing

For a linear network code, the encoding profile is specified by, for every output channel of a node, the set of input channels whose symbols upon which the symbol on the output channel depends. For a given single-source network coding problem, it is of fundamental interest to characterize all feasible encoding profiles of a linear network code that achieves the max-flow min-cut bound. We obtain such a characterization through a refinement of the Jaggi-Sanders algorithm due to Barbero and Ytrehus. Our result imply that the design of linear network codes with various constraints and optimization objectives is equivalent to arranging the maximum flows from the source node to the sink nodes.
Sex, Drugs and Evil Souls: The Growing Reliance on Preventive Detention Regimes

Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, legislatures around the world have increasingly invoked preventive detention measures to address perceived security risks to the community. Australia has been no exception to this trend. Whilst not a new phenomena, the growing use by States of such exceptional powers raises important policy questions. This article traces the rise of current preventive detention regimes in Australia as they have been applied to various categories of 'dangerous persons', in particular as they relate to sex offenders, the involuntary detention of those with infectious diseases or mental illness, those with alcohol and drug problems, 'unlawful non-citizens' and in relation to terrorism. Policy issues that arise from these regimes are considered, including the conflict between preventive detention regimes and the international human right to freedom from arbitrary detention.
Attrition, Completion, and Graduation Rates in Georgia Technical Colleges before and after the Initiation of the HOPE Grant.

Two groups of students enrolled in Georgia technical college diploma programs were studied: one group matriculated in fall 1992 (n=9,463) and a second group matriculated in fall 1997 (n=12,467). Z-scores and logistic regression were used to determine differences and relationships in attrition, completion, and graduation rates before and after the initiation of the HOPE (Helping Outstanding Students Educationally) scholarship program. Attrition and completion rates were greater after the initiation of the HOPE grant, while the graduation rate was less. The attrition and completion rates were also higher for students who received the HOPE grant compared to students who received need-based financial aid. Logistic regression analysis illustrated that students were less likely to leave school in 1992 than in 1997, and part-time students were more likely to be completers than full-time students. Students were less likely to be completers in 1992, but more likely to graduate in 1992 than in 1997. When controlling statistically for all independent variables, 50% of the change in attrition rates and 37% of the change in decreasing graduation rates occurred after the initiation of HOPE in 1997.
A qualitative study of the impact of Crohn's disease from a patient's perspective

Objective To understand how the lives of people with Crohn's disease (CD) are affected. Most research in CD has focused on symptoms and functioning rather than on how these outcomes influence quality of life (QoL). Design As part of a study to develop a CD-specific patient-reported outcome measure, qualitative interviews were conducted with patients from Manchester Royal Infirmary to determine how CD affects QoL. The needs-based model was adopted for the study. The interviews, which took the form of focused conversations covering all aspects of the impact of CD and its treatment, were audio-recorded. Theoretical thematic analysis of the transcripts identified needs affected by CD. Results Thirty patients (60% female) aged 25–68 years were interviewed. Participants had experienced CD for between 2 and 40 years. Nearly 1300 statements relating to the impact of CD were identified. Thirteen main need themes were identified: nutrition, hygiene, continence, freedom from infection, security, self-esteem, role, attractiveness, relationships, intimacy, clear-mindedness, pleasure and autonomy. Conclusions The findings from the interviews indicate that CD has a major impact on need-fulfilment. Such issues should be addressed in CD audit, clinical trials and when evaluating clinical practice.
An assessment of vapour pressure estimation methods.

Laboratory measurements of vapour pressures for atmospherically relevant compounds were collated and used to assess the accuracy of vapour pressure estimates generated by seven estimation methods and impacts on predicted secondary organic aerosol. Of the vapour pressure estimation methods that were applicable to all the test set compounds, the Lee-Kesler [Reid et al., The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 1987] method showed the lowest mean absolute error and the Nannoolal et al. [Nannoonal et al., Fluid Phase Equilib. , 2008, 269, 117-133] method showed the lowest mean bias error (when both used normal boiling points estimated using the Nannoolal et al. [Nannoolal et al., Fluid Phase Equilib., 2004, 226, 45-63] method). The effect of varying vapour pressure estimation methods on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass loading and composition was investigated using an absorptive partitioning equilibrium model. The Myrdal and Yalkowsky [Myrdal and Yalkowsky, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1997, 36, 2494-2499] vapour pressure estimation method using the Nannoolal et al. [Nannoolal et al., Fluid Phase Equilib. , 2004, 226, 45-63] normal boiling point gave the most accurate estimation of SOA loading despite not being the most accurate for vapour pressures alone.
ARC: Adversarial Robust Cuts for Semi-Supervised and Multi-label Classification

Many structured prediction tasks arising in computer vision and natural language processing tractably reduce to making minimum cost cuts in graphs with edge weights learned using maximum margin methods. Unfortunately, the hinge loss used to construct these methods often provides a particularly loose bound on the loss function of interest (e.g., the Hamming loss). We develop Adversarial Robust Cuts (ARC), an approach that poses the learning task as a minimax game between predictor and "label approximator" based on minimum cost graph cuts. Unlike maximum margin methods, this game-theoretic perspective always provides meaningful bounds on the Hamming loss. We conduct multi-label and semi-supervised binary prediction experiments that demonstrate the benefits of our approach.
Multi-modal Face Pose Estimation with Multi-task Manifold Deep Learning

Human face pose estimation aims at estimating the gazing direction or head postures with 2D images. It gives some very important information such as communicative gestures, saliency detection and so on, which attracts plenty of attention recently. However, it is challenging because of complex background, various orientations and face appearance visibility. Therefore, a descriptive representation of face images and mapping it to poses are critical. In this paper, we make use of multi-modal data and propose a novel face pose estimation method that uses a novel deep learning framework named Multi-task Manifold Deep Learning $M^2DL$. It is based on feature extraction with improved deep neural networks and multi-modal mapping relationship with multi-task learning. In the proposed deep learning based framework, Manifold Regularized Convolutional Layers (MRCL) improve traditional convolutional layers by learning the relationship among outputs of neurons. Besides, in the proposed mapping relationship learning method, different modals of face representations are naturally combined to learn the mapping function from face images to poses. In this way, the computed mapping model with multiple tasks is improved. Experimental results on three challenging benchmark datasets DPOSE, HPID and BKHPD demonstrate the outstanding performance of $M^2DL$.
Molecular genotyping and epidemiology of measles virus transmission in the World Health Organization European Region, 2007-2009.

BACKGROUND In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted a goal to eliminate measles in the European Region by 2010. Measles elimination is defined as the interruption of indigenous measles virus (MV) transmission. The molecular epidemiology of MV transmission in the WHO European Region was studied through the investigation of reported cases and outbreaks to monitor the region's progress toward its measles elimination goal. METHODS National and regional laboratories performed molecular characterization of MV detected between 2007 and 2009 in the WHO European Region. To document indigenous transmission and importations into the region, we analyzed genotyping results and epidemiological data on measles outbreaks reported by the member states. RESULTS Since 2007, MV genotype D6 has not been reported in the WHO European Region, suggesting that its chains of transmission have been interrupted, whereas several other MV genotypes are still circulating. Although several European countries have already interrupted indigenous MV transmission, genotyping showed that 3 endemic MV transmission chains have been reestablished in other countries. CONCLUSIONS The WHO European Region 2010 goal will not be met, as indigenous transmission of MV has not been interrupted. As the region begins to document its process of elimination verification to monitor progress toward the goal, countries will need to ensure that genotyping is performed in all measles outbreaks.
Predicting Impairment in College Students With ADHD: The Role of Executive Functions

Objective: This study longitudinally evaluated whether parent-ratings and self-ratings of executive function (EF) predicted the academic and overall functioning of college students with ADHD and whether EF deficits mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and functioning. Method: A prospective longitudinal study of 59 college students comprehensively diagnosed with ADHD and their parents who completed ratings at the beginning and end of the school year. Results: Student-rated motivation and parent-rated emotion regulation significantly predicted overall impairment above and beyond symptoms of ADHD. Student-rated EF motivation mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and overall impairment. Student-rated EF organization mediated the relationship between ADHD symptoms and end of the year grades. Conclusion: Motivation and organization aspects of EF appear particularly important for functioning. However, given the study’s modest sample size, additional longitudinal research is needed to confirm these findings and to develop best-practice assessment and treatment recommendations for college students with ADHD.
Towards a Comprehensive Framework for Environmental Management Accounting - Links Between Business Actors and Environmental Management Accounting Tools

This article develops a comprehensive framework for environmental management accounting (EMA) linking business actors and EMA tools. The proposed framework provides structure for managers to understand and assess the variety of environmental management accounting tools that have been developed to date, with the intention of encouraging their adoption. The framework systematically integrates two major components of environmental management accounting — monetary environmental management accounting (MEMA) and physical environmental management accounting (PEMA). It highlights the past/future and short/long-term time dimensions of the different tools, and the regularity of information generation, before concluding with a brief discussion about choice of the most important EMA tools.
Features extraction approach based on dense salient trajectories in videos

Motivated by dense sampling technique and researches on saliency, a novel human action recognition approach based on adaptively-fused-saliency trajectories in the video are presented. First, trajectories are extracted, and subsequently appearance and motion saliency analyses are performed to capture the static and dynamic visual attentions respectively. Both saliency values are adaptively fused as a saliency map to incorporate complementary visual information and concurrently overcome the problem due to camera motion. Then, salient trajectories are purified by taking the advantage of saliency maps. Thirdly, video sequences are transformed into the vector space of visual words through the BoVW model. Lastly, a nonlinear SVM classifier is employed for classification. Experiments on KTH and UCF datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves comparable results with the state of the art.
Report of the Committee on Homosexual Offences and Prostitution

The surprising insight that most people are not unmotivated ‘by nature’ has encouraging implications. If we can challenge our students to redraw the boundaries of their worlds to include the classroom, we could stretch their capacities. We have to begin by making the classroom less alien to the students, and by believing that their lives are significant, that they can go on to impact others powerfully, and that we can make a difference to their lives.
Leader career development: Who should take responsibility?

In a world of flexible, changing organisational trends the requirement for good managerial leadership has never been greater. This research tests the beliefs of managers across New Zealand about the leadership capabilities of other subordinate managers who are potential future senior managers. It then considers the perceptions of senior managers about responsibility for the career development of these subordinate managers. Barely one-half of subordinate managers are thought to have the capability of moving up to senior management positions and of being a more effective leader. Less than one-half of respondent managers believe that the career development of these leaders of the future is the responsibility of the individual nd of the organisation. The remainder believe it to be the responsibility of either the individual or the organisation. The subordinate managers with the greatest leadership potential already display high levels of leadership. This paper discusses the implications of the dominant ‘new c.
Aurora B prevents premature removal of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins from the kinetochore: A key role for Aurora B in mitosis

Accurate chromosome segregation is dependent on the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). In current models, the key direct role of Aurora B in the SAC has been suggested to be to promote rapid kinetochore localisation of MPS1, allowing MPS1 to generate the checkpoint signal. However, Aurora B is also thought to play an indirect role in the SAC through the destabilisation of kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) attachments. Here, we demonstrate that Aurora B activity is not required for the kinetochore recruitment of the majority of SAC proteins. More importantly, we show that the primary role of Aurora B in the SAC is to prevent the premature removal of SAC proteins from the kinetochore, which is strictly dependent on KT-MT interactions. Moreover, in the presence of KT-MT interactions, Aurora B inhibition silences a persistent SAC induced by tethering MPS1 to the kinetochore. This explains the highly synergistic interaction between Aurora B and MPS1 inhibitors to override the SAC, which is lost when cells are pre-arrested in nocodazole. Furthermore, we show that Aurora B and MPS1 inhibitors synergistically kill a panel of breast and colon cancer cell lines, including cells that are otherwise insensitive to Aurora B inhibitors alone. These data demonstrate that the major role of Aurora B in SAC is to prevent the removal of SAC proteins from tensionless kinetochores, thus inhibiting premature SAC silencing, and highlights a therapeutic strategy through combination of Aurora B and MPS1 inhibitors.
Adipogenic genes expression in relation to hepatic steatosis in the liver of two duck species.

Some studies have shown that expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), a key regulator of adipogenesis, and of some adipocyte-specific genes or adipokines are expressed in hepatic steatosis, leading to the concept of 'adipogenic hepatic steatosis' or 'hepatic adiposis. ' Most of these studies were conducted in genetic obese mouse models or after manipulation of gene expression. The relevance of this concept to other species and more physiological models was here addressed in ducks which are able to develop hepatic steatosis after overfeeding. The expression of PPARG and other adipocyte-specific genes was thus analyzed in the liver of ducks fed ad libitum or overfed and compared with those observed in adipose tissues. Pekin (Anas platyrhynchos) and Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) were analyzed, as metabolic responses to overfeeding differ according to these two species, Muscovy ducks having a greater ability to synthesize and store lipids in the liver than Pekin ducks. Our results indicate that adipocyte-specific genes are expressed in the liver of ducks, PPARG and fatty acid-binding protein 4 being upregulated and adiponectin and leptin receptor downregulated by overfeeding. However, these expression levels are much lower than those observed in adipose tissue suggesting that fatty liver cells are not transformed to adipocytes, although some hepato-specific functions are decreased in fatty liver when compared with normal liver.
Leadership in Innovators and Defenders: The Role of Cognitive Personality Styles

This research is based on a mixed strategic typology, combining innovators of Miller and Roth (1994, “A Taxonomy of Manufacturing Strategies,” Management Science, 40 (3), 285–304) and defenders of Miles et al. (1978, “Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process,” Academy of Management Review, 3, 546–562) and supported by the perception–evaluation personality model of Jung (1923, Psychological Types, London, Routledge & Kegan). Leadership model having five underlying constructs—group cohesion, intellectual flexibility, leader cognitive styles, leadership styles and leadership roles—is identified and studied. At first, respondent firms from various sectors are classified as innovators and defenders. Second, the constructs are empirically tested on them. Important findings suggest that innovators have intuitive-feeling leaders and defenders have sensing-thinking leaders, two of the four personality types proposed by Jung (1923). It has also been found that innovators are higher in the degree of intellectual adjustment; in the idea generation and nurturant phase leaders exhibit intuitive-feeling personality style; concept creators also exhibit the same. These findings may be used in organizations for leadership building, finding out best candidate job-fit and organization-fit during recruitment, and also for training and development of the leaders.