Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study on carbon epoxy composite surfaces machined by abrasive water jet machining

Traditional machining of carbon epoxy composite material is difficult due to excessive tool wear, excessive stresses and heat generation, delamination, high surface waviness, etc. In the present paper, research work involved in the experimental study of abrasive water jet machining of carbon epoxy composite material is described. The aim of present work is to improve surface finish and studying defects in machined samples. Taguchi's orthogonal array approach is used to design experiments. Process parameters namely hydraulic pressure, traverse rate, stand-off distance and abrasive mass flow rate are considered for this study. Analysis of machined surfaces and kerf quality is carried out using scanning electron microscope to evaluate microscopic features. Further, the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness is investigated using analysis of variance approach. It is found that traverse rate and pressure are most significant parameters to control surface roughness. Optimization of process parameters is performed using grey relational analysis. Thereafter, confirmation tests are carried out to verify the improvement in the surface quality with optimum set of process parameters. It is found that surface finish of machined samples is improved by 10.75% with optimum levels of process parameters. Defects like delamination, fiber pull-out and abrasive embedment are also studied using SEM. It is observed that delamination and fiber pull-out are prominent in samples machined at low pressure and high traverse rate.
Journal of Information , Communication and Ethics in Society Facilitating online privacy on eCommerce websites : an Australian experience

Facilitating online privacy on eCommerce websites: an Australian experience Alicia Ladson Bardo Fraunholz Article information: To cite this document: Alicia Ladson Bardo Fraunholz, (2005),"Facilitating online privacy on eCommerce websites: an Australian experience", Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Vol. 3 Iss 2 pp. 59 68 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/14779960580000261
Severe chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection syndrome

Reports of unusually severe lymphoproliferative disorders associated with extremely high antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have recently increased. The syndrome, which we designated severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome, is characterized by persistent or intermittent fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly and primarily affects children and young adults. Polyclonal gammopathy and bone marrow suppression are generally observed, and some patients develop B-cell or T-cell lymphoproliferation or lymphoma. Frequently, EBV genomes are detectable in tissues infiltrated with lymphoid cells. Additionally, it is difficult to establish spontaneous or B95-8 EBV-induced cell lines despite the expression of an activated EBV infection. We review and report here the published medical literature and our own experience regarding patients with severe chronic active EBV infection syndrome in an attempt to understand this enigmatic syndrome and the possible pathogenetic mechanism(s) responsible for this disorder.
Engineering Approaches to Immunotherapy

The rapidly evolving field of immunoengineering will bring new design strategies to clinical immunology. As the science of immunology grows increasingly mechanistic, motivation for developing quantitative, design-based engineering approaches has also evolved, both for therapeutic interventions and for elucidating immunological pathways in human disease. This has seeded the nascent field of “immunoengineering,” which seeks to apply engineering analyses and design approaches to problems in translational immunology. For example, cell engineers are creating ways to tailor and use immune cells as living therapeutics; protein engineers are devising new methods of rapid antibody discovery; biomaterials scientists are guiding vaccine delivery and immune-cell activation with novel constructs; and systems immunologists are deciphering the evolution and maintenance of T and B cell receptor repertoires, which could help guide vaccine design. The field is multidisciplinary and collaborative, with engineers and immunologists working together to better understand and treat disease. We discuss the scientific progress in this young, yet rapidly evolving research area, which has yielded numerous start-up companies that are betting on impact in clinical and commercial translation in the near future.
5-AZA-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) leads to down-regulation of Dnmt1o and gene expression in preimplantation mouse embryos

Summary 5-AZA-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) is a demethylating, teratogenic agent and a mutagen, which causes defects in the developing mouse and rat after implantation. Our previous data indicated that 5-AZA-CdR (0.2 and 1.0 μM) inhibited the development of mouse preimplantation embryos. Pronuclear embryos exposed to 5-AZA-CdR at the pronuclear stage were unable to form 8-cell embryos, while 2-cell-stage embryos exposed to 5-AZA-CdR only developed into uncompacted 8-cell-stage embryos. And there was no formation of blastocysts when 4-cell embryos cultured in 5-AZA-CdR. In our present study, we detected Dnmt1o protein and some developmental gene expression in order to find the reasons for the developmental arrest. Dnmt1o could not traffic to 8-cell nuclei as control when embryos were exposed to 5-AZA-CdR. Dnmt1o was in cytoplasm at 2-cell and 4-cell stages before and after treated with 5-AZA-CdR. Gene expression changes were also detected in this research. Our data indicated that connexin 31 (Cx31), connexin 43 (Cx43), connexin 45 (Cx45), E-cadherin (Cdh1) and β-catenin (Ctnnb1) were all downregulated by 5-AZA-CdR. Cx31, Cx43 and Cx45 are members of connexins family, which have a central role in gap junctions. Cdh1 and Ctnnb1 are necessary for the foundation of tight junctions. Therefore, developmental arrest induced by 5-AZA-CdR may be caused by the failure of Dnmt1o cytoplasmic–nuclear traffic and the down-regulation of developmental gene expression. Normal compaction and blastocoel cavitation need Dnmt1o traffic to 8-cell nuclei and the right gene expression, especially the correlative genes in gap junctions and tight junctions.
An image processing based method to identify and grade conjunctivitis infected eye according to its types and intensity

Inflammation of the conjunctiva and pain and discomfort in the inner surface of the eyelids is referred to as Conjunctivitis. It causes severe pain, burning sensation or in extreme cases blindness of the eye. Normally conjunctivitis is detected by eye specialist doctors and their limited number makes it difficult for everyone to reach them and get themselves diagnosed. This paper describes an automatic efficient image processing based method to identify conjunctivitis infected eye from a normal eye and classify it according to its types. Some statistical and texture features were used and then followed by PCA for extraction of discriminatory features and then classified using supervised learning method such as multi-class SVM and KNN. The intensity of the infected eyes were also calculated using the significant red plane. Plotconfusion was used to calculate the accuracy and a high accuracy was achieved using this method. Also in addition this proposed method is efficient, computationally fast and costs very low.
Reusability and Interoperability in Mobile Learning: A Study of Current Practices

The amount of software developed for educational purposes has steadily increased over the last years. A growing subset of these developments is intended for use in mobile devices. This puts special requirements on implementations that need to be overcome before mobile learning can be more widely adopted. In this paper we investigate how educational software development community can be encouraged to develop more sustainable and interoperable applications. This investigation is done by first surveying the different aspects of reuse to give a background and motivation. Then, a survey of current practice is performed. The survey provides initial insights into how reuse and interoperability is used in authentic practice. Findings indicate that there is much to be done in terms of interoperability and reuse for mobile learning applications. The result of this study confirms that two of the main challenges that developer of educational software in general and mobile learning in particular face is interoperability and reuse. Finally, some directions to overcome these challenges are proposed.
The value of strategy and flexibility in new product development: The impact on performance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between strategy and flexibility in new product development, and the operational and financial performance in the supply chain context. The motives for conducting this research are to introduce the supply chain strategies and new product development flexibility (NPDF) as constructs that could have the potential to contribute to the success of supply chain performance. Based on the relational view of the firm, the authors propose that supply chain strategy is an antecedent of NPDF and can create value for the buying firm in terms of better financial and non-financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The structural equation modeling approach was used to evaluate the proposed model and analyze hypothesized relationships. The analysis, based on data collected from 175 small- and medium-sized (SME) Canadian manufacturing companies. Findings – The analysis shows that there are direct positive effects from strategy on NPDF. The findings.
Self-balancing linear bridge circuits with resistive mirrors for resistance measurement

Two types of self-balancing direct current bridge (SBDCB) circuits using resistive mirror-based voltage-controlled resistors (RMBVCRs) instead of the classical electromechanical trimming resistors have been designed. The proposed SBDCBs are the first designs reported in the literature that employ the semiconductor-controlled resistors. These bridge circuits have constant currents in their resistive branches. One of the SBDCBs has the variable supply voltage, whereas the other has the constant supply voltage. The resistive original and its mirror image within the RMBVCR have been realized using bipolar junction transistors. The bridges are automatically balanced with the output voltage directly proportional to the measured resistance. The conclusions derived by the error analysis have been verified by the experimental results. The maximal relative error of the proposed SBDCB circuit is less than 0.05% in the measured resistance range from 0.3 k/spl Omega/ to 300 k/spl Omega/.
Bilinear factorization for facial expression analysis and synthesis

This paper addresses the issue of face representations for facial ex pression recognition and synthesis. In this context, a global active appearance model is used in conju n tion with two bilinear factorization models to separate expression and identity factors from the g lobal appearance parameters. Although active appearance models and bilinear modelling are not n w concepts, the main contribution of this paper consists in combining both techniques to improv e facial expression recognition and synthesis (control). Indeed, facial expression recognition is performed through Linear D iscriminant Analysis of the global appearance parameters extracted by active appearance m odel (AAM) search. Results are compared to the ones obtained for the same training and test images us ing cla sification of the expression factors extracted by bilinear factorization. This experiment highlights the advantages of bilinear factorization. Finally, we propose to exploit bilinear factorization to synthesize facial exp ressions through replacement of the extracted expression factors. This yields very inter esting synthesis performances in terms of visual quality of the synthetic faces. Indeed, synthetic open mouths reconstruction either with or without appearing teeth is of better quality than with classic al linear regression based synthesis.
An efficient similarity indexing by ordering permutations for Spatial Multi-Resolution images

Color histogram is one of the common techniques used in image retrieval systems. However, the main problem with color histogram indexing is that it does not take the color spatial distribution into consideration. In this paper, we introduce the local histograms to describe the spatial information of colors, even though, a single local histograms is not enough for efficient and robust image retrieval system. We propose the use of color local histograms on multiresoluti on images. The multiresolution color local histograms give much better retrieval efficiency. The multiresolution images are generated using the median filter. to measure similarity between two images using the local histograms, the traditional approaches use a metric distance. To improve performance of the CBIR system, the non metric measure (PMM) is used to measure similarity of images instead of classic metric. Experiment results prove that the CBIR using our new measure has better performance and perceptually relevant result.
Gene selection for classifying patients using fuzzy importance factor

Gene selection from microarray data is a widely used technique for obtaining candidate genes in various cancer studies. An important aspect in evaluating a selection method is the similarity among the genes belong to the same class. Experts instinctively have high confidence in the result of a selection method that selects similar sets of genes under some variations to the samples. However, a common problem of existing feature selection methods from microarray gene expression is that the selected genes often vary significantly with sample variations. The paper presents a feature selection method to classify disease and non disease patients based on the similarity in the genes. Similarity is measured using fuzzy importance factor that identify the genes due to which abnormality has been observed in the patients. The identified genes having high multiple interdependence with other genes within the same class are significant for classification of patients. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, two well-known microarray data set are considered and the results are compared with other feature selection methods. High classification rate has been achieved with the selected genes obtained using the proposed method.
Microstructural Changes of the Baboon Cerebral Cortex during Gestational Development Reflected in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diffusion Anisotropy

Cerebral cortical development involves complex changes in cellular architecture and connectivity that occur at regionally varying rates. Using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTI) to analyze cortical microstructure, previous studies have shown that cortical maturation is associated with a progressive decline in water diffusion anisotropy. We applied high-resolution DTI to fixed postmortem fetal baboon brains and characterized regional changes in diffusion anisotropy using surface-based visualization methods. Anisotropy values vary within the thickness of the cortical sheet, being higher in superficial layers. At a regional level, anisotropy at embryonic day 90 (E90; 0.5 term; gestation lasts 185 d in this species) is low in allocortical and periallocortical regions near the frontotemporal junction and is uniformly high throughout isocortex. At E125 (0.66 term), regions having relatively low anisotropy (greater maturity) include cortex in and near the Sylvian fissure and the precentral gyrus. By E146 (0.8 term), cortical anisotropy values are uniformly low and show less regional variation. Expansion of cortical surface area does not occur uniformly in all regions. Measured using surface-based methods, cortical expansion over E125–E146 was larger in parietal, medial occipital, and lateral frontal regions than in inferior temporal, lateral occipital, and orbitofrontal regions. However, the overall correlation between the degree of cortical expansion and cortical anisotropy is modest. These results extend our understanding of cortical development revealed by histologic methods. The approach presented here can be applied in vivo to the study of normal brain development and its disruption in human infants and experimental animal models.
The Read clinical classification.

Last month the Secretary of State for Health acquired for the NHS the Read clinical classification-an event of considerable importance for information strategy within the service. ' Dr James Read, a general practitioner in Loughborough, has been developing his system of classification for the past eight years, and it is now the most comprehensive medical coding system in the world, with over 250 000 codes, including 150 000 synonyms, and it is still evolving. The classification codes not only diseases but also history and symptoms; examination findings and signs; diagnostic procedures; preventive , operative, therapeutic, and administrative procedures ; drugs and appliances; and occupations and social information. The classification of clinical data has three main purposes.2 It can help in clinical care-by aiding the recording and retrieval of information held as part of a medical record. It can make it easier to analyse data statistically for planning and research purposes. Thirdly, it is a key element in the electronic transmission of data from one computer to another. A standard coding system should ensure that data are transferred reproducibly and received in the form in which they are sent, without corruption or loss of accuracy; whereas if different classifications are used by sender and receiver serious communication problems can arise. The Read clinical classification was developed as a thesaurus of medical terms and a computerised medical language with six key criteria: it is designed to be comprehensive , hierarchical, coded, computerised, cross referenced, and dynamic. It also includes and is cross referenced to all of the widely used standard classifications. * The Read codes are five character alphanumeric codes. At each level the code may be a lower (small) or upper case (capital) letter or a number. There are 58 available characters at each level and so a theoretical maximum of 656 356 768 available codes. Such a large set of possible codes is needed to provide sufficient flexibility and space to incorporate and follow the structure of the large subset classifications included and to allow for the addition of new codes within the existing framework without disturbing the hierarchies. In other words, there is sufficient redundancy in the coding system to cope with any reasonable expansion of entities and synonyms. The advantages of the Read codes were recognised in 1988 by the technical working party of the Joint Computing Group of the Royal College of General Practitioners and by the General Medical …
December 27 Highlight and Commentary

Foster et al. describe a 35-year-old woman with progressive neurologic deterioration, MRI evidence of Wernicke encephalopathy, and a response to high dose thiamine repletion. The clinical picture was not typical of Wernicke encephalopathy. see page 1987 Commentary by Heidi Schwarz, MD Most Americans are overweight or obese, and the prevalence of morbid obesity quadrupled between 1986 and 2000. Obesity …
Investigating the three-dimensional structure of stray fields in the boundary layer at micron scale using angled volumetric scanning

A new versatile magnetic sensor scanning hardware, developed to volumetrically scan the thin boundary layer fields above a given sample has been developed. Scans of a 25×25 mm sample of Grain-oriented (3% Si) electrical steel have been successfully achieved at resolutions of 50 μm/pixel and 10 μm/pixel indicating domain and micro-domain structures. A new 3D printed sensor head and scanning methodology has been developed to investigate the three-dimensional shape of the stray fields. Initial results show promise in quantifying the extent, shape and amplitude of stray fields in the boundary layer. The fields (±25 A/m at the height of the scan) are initially shown not to extend much beyond 300 μm from the sample surface.
Combining Process Selection and lot sizing Models for Production Scheduling of Electrofused Grains

This work presents an optimization model to support decisions in the production planning and control of the electrofused grain industry. A case study was carried out in a Brazilian company with the aim of helping to increase productivity and improve customer service concerning meeting deadlines. A mixed integer linear programming model combining known models of process selection and single-stage lot sizing were applied to the production scheduling of electrofused grains. Optimizing this scheduling is not a simple task mainly because of the scale of the equipment setup times, the diversity of the products and the deadlines of the order due dates. A constructive heuristic is also proposed as an alternative solution method, particularly for large-sized instances. The results show that the model and the heuristic can produce better solutions than the ones currently used by the company.
Novel GPCR paradigms at the μ‐opioid receptor

Opioids, such as morphine, are the most clinically useful class of analgesic drugs for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, the use of opioids is greatly limited by the development of severe adverse side effects. Consequently, drug discovery efforts have been directed towards improving the therapeutic profile of opioid‐based treatments. Opioid receptors are members of the family of GPCRs. As such, the recent GPCR paradigms of biased agonism and allosterism may provide novel avenues for more effective analgesics. Biased agonism (or functional selectivity) has been described for all the opioid receptor family members. Furthermore, the first allosteric modulators of opioid receptors have very recently been described. However, identification and quantification of biased agonism in a manner that is informative to medicinal chemists and drug discovery programmes still remains a challenge. In this review, we examine the progress, to date, towards identification and quantification of biased agonism and allosterism at the μ‐opioid receptor in the context of its implications for the discovery of better and safer analgesics.