Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Namesake schools: Vulnerable places and cultural narratives of the South

ABSTRACT Geographic place and socio-political space are salient in struggles for justice in education. Social geography provides a frame for discussing the relationship between names of schools and narratives of race, place, and justice (racial and spatial) in the US South. Featured herein is an illustrative case of how a school named after an African American man is implicated in the construction and preservation of cultural memory through its namesake status and the curriculum. In the literature, commemoration policies are often ignored as little points of support that codify the processes of deliberation and decision-making that guide how school buildings are named. Commemoration policies from two school districts are juxtaposed to show the varying levels of attention each gives to diversity and culture. The notion of curriculum leadership advanced is characterized by socio-political consciousness about how racial justice is linked to spatial justice and how both are mediated by practices, policies, and politics around the naming of places. This discussion has implications for other sites of cultural memory whose futures are increasingly governed by market demands, such as commodification and commemoration, rather than the legacies of humanitarians.
MAGIC observations of the giant radio galaxy M 87 in a low-emission state between 2005 and 2007

Context. We present the results of a long M 87 monitoring campaign in very high energy. -rays with the MAGIC-I Cherenkov telescope. Aims. We aim to model the persistent non-thermal jet emission by monitoring and characterizing the very high energy gamma-ray emission of M 87 during a low state. Methods. A total of 150 h of data were taken between 2005 and 2007 with the single MAGIC-I telescope, out of which 128.6 h survived the data quality selection. We also collected data in the X-ray and Fermi-LAT bands from the literature (partially contemporaneous). Results. No flaring activity was found during the campaign. The source was found to be in a persistent low-emission state, which was at a confidence level of 7 sigma. We present the spectrum between 100 GeV and 2 TeV, which is consistent with a simple power law with a photon index Gamma = 2.21 +/- 0.21 and a flux normalization at 300GeV of (7.7 +/- 1.3) x 10(-8) TeV-1 s(-1) m(-2). The extrapolation of the MAGIC spectrum into the GeV energy range matches the previously published Fermi-LAT spectrum well, covering a combined energy range of four orders of magnitude with the same spectral index. We model the broad band energy spectrum with a spine layer model, which can satisfactorily describe our data.
Depicting Binding-Mediated Translocation of HIV-1 Tat Peptides in Living Cells with Nanoscale Pens of Tat-Conjugated Quantum Dots

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can translocate across cell membranes, and thus have great potential for the cellular delivery of macromolecular cargoes. However, the mechanism of this cellular uptake process is not yet fully understood. In this study, a time-lapse single-particle light-sheet microscopy technique was implemented to obtain a parallel visualization of the translocating process of individual human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) transactivator of transcription (Tat) peptide conjugated quantum dots (TatP-QDs) in complex cellular terrains. Here, TatP-QDs served as nanoscale dynamic pens, which depict remarkable trajectory aggregates of TatP-QDs on the cell surface. Spectral-embedding analysis of the trajectory aggregates revealed a manifold formed by isotropic diffusion and a fraction of directed movement, possibly caused by interaction between the Tat peptides and heparan sulfate groups on the plasma membrane. Further analysis indicated that the membrane deformation induced by Tat-peptide attachment increased with the disruption of the actin framework in cytochalasin D (cyto D)-treated cells, yielding higher interactions on the TatP-QDs. In native cells, the Tat peptides can remodel the actin framework to reduce their interaction with the local membrane environment. Characteristic hot spots for interaction were detected on the membrane, suggesting that a funnel passage may have formed for the Tat-coated particles. This finding offers valuable insight into the cellular delivery of nanoscale cargo, suggesting an avenue for direct therapeutic delivery.
Integrating Receptor Signal Inputs That Influence Small Rho GTPase Activation Dynamics at the Immunological Synapse

ABSTRACT The Rho GTPase Cdc42 regulates cytoskeletal changes at the immunological synapse (IS) that are critical to T-cell activation. By imaging fluorescent activity biosensors (Raichu) using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, Cdc42 activation was shown to display kinetics that are conditional on the specific receptor input (through two IS-associated receptors, CD3 and β1 integrin). CD3-triggered Cdc42 activity is dependent on the cyto-2 (NPIY) motif of the β1 integrin cytoplasmic domain. Perturbations of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) function blocked CD3- and β1-dependent increases in Cdc42 activity. Both IS-associated receptors probably lie on a serial molecular pathway and transduce signals through the ERM-dependent machinery that is responsible for the remodeling and stabilization of the synapse. Cdc42 activity is impaired in β1 integrin-deficient T cells that form conjugates with antigen-presenting cells but is partially restored in the context of an antigen-specific synapse. This restoration of Cdc42 activity is due, at least in part, to the recruitment and activation of β2 integrin.
Providing support for survivable CORBA applications with the Immune system

The Immune system aims to provide survivability to CORBA applications, enabling them to continue to operate despite malicious attacks, accidents or faults. Every object within the CORBA application is actively replicated by the Immune system, with majority voting applied on incoming invocations and responses to each replica of the object. Secure multicast protocols are employed to enable the majority voting to be effective, even when processors within the network and objects within the application become corrupted.
PDB2PQR: an automated pipeline for the setup of Poisson-Boltzmann electrostatics calculations

Continuum solvation models, such as Poisson-Boltzmann and Generalized Born methods, have become increasingly popular tools for investigating the influence of electrostatics on biomolecular structure, energetics and dynamics. However, the use of such methods requires accurate and complete structural data as well as force field parameters such as atomic charges and radii. Unfortunately, the limiting step in continuum electrostatics calculations is often the addition of missing atomic coordinates to molecular structures from the Protein Data Bank and the assignment of parameters to biomolecular structures. To address this problem, we have developed the PDB2PQR web service (http://agave.wustl.edu/pdb2pqr/). This server automates many of the common tasks of preparing structures for continuum electrostatics calculations, including adding a limited number of missing heavy atoms to biomolecular structures, estimating titration states and protonating biomolecules in a manner consistent with favorable hydrogen bonding, assigning charge and radius parameters from a variety of force fields, and finally generating 'PQR' output compatible with several popular computational biology packages. This service is intended to facilitate the setup and execution of electrostatics calculations for both experts and non-experts and thereby broaden the accessibility to the biological community of continuum electrostatics analyses of biomolecular systems.
The Impact of a Filariasis Control Program on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea

Background Annual mass drug administration (MDA) over five years is the WHO's recommended strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF). Some experts, however, consider that longer periods of treatment might be necessary in certain high prevalence and transmission environments based upon past unsuccessful field experience and modelling. Methodology/Principal Findings To evaluate predictors of success in a LF control program we conducted an ecological study during a pre-existing MDA program. We studied 27 villages in Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea, from two areas with different infection rates before MDA. We undertook surveys to collect information on variables potentially having an influence on the outcome of the program, including epidemiological (baseline prevalence of infection, immigration rate), entomological (vector density) and operational (treatment coverage, vector control strategies) variables. The success in a village was defined using variables related to the infection (circulating filarial antigenemia prevalence <1%) and transmission (antigenemia prevalence <1 in 1000 children born since start of MDA). 8709 people were involved in the MDA program and average coverage rates were around 70%. The overall prevalence of filariasis fell from an initial 17.91% to 3.76% at round 5 (p<0.001). Viewed on a village by village basis, 12/27 (44%) villages achieved success. In multivariate analysis, low baseline prevalence was the only factor predicting both success in reducing infection rates (OR 19,26; CI 95% 1,12 to 331,82) and success in preventing new infections (OR 27,44; CI 95% 1,05 to 719,6). Low vector density and the use of an optimal vector control strategy were also associated with success in reducing infection rates, but this did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions/Significance Our results provide the data that supports the recommendation that high endemic areas may require longer duration MDA programs, or alternative control strategies.
Classroom engagement dynamics: examining the potency of reflective teaching approach among some selected universities in Ghana

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the use of reflective teaching approach by university lecturers in Ghana to achieve improved student learning outcomes. The research utilised a quantitative survey design involving 180 lecturers who were accidentally or haphazardly selected from four universities in Ghana to complete a reflective teaching survey (RTS) questionnaire. The results showed that participants frequently engaged in varied reflective teaching activities, and were successful in evaluating the effectiveness of their pedagogies. The research concluded that the approach should be an essential component of the teacher performance appraisal system.
A Dynamic Approach to the Website Boundary Detection Problem Using Random Walks

This paper presents an investigation into the Website Boundary Detection (WBD) problem in the dynamic context. In the dynamic context (as opposed to the static context) the web data to be considered is not fully available prior to the start of the website boundary detection process. The dynamic approaches presented in this paper are all probabilistic and based on the concept of random walks, three variations are considered: (i) the standard Random Walk (RW), (ii) a Self Avoiding RW and (iii) the Metropolis Hastings RW. The reported evaluation demonstrates that the proposed technique produces good WBD solutions while at the same time reducing the amount of "noise" pages visited. The best performing variation was found to be a Metropolis Hastings RW.
Generating Multi-cycle and Multiple Transient Fault Resilient Design During Physically Aware High Level Synthesis

Future technologies predict major reliability concern for digital systems due to growing impact of radiation based transient faults. Radiation strikes may produce upsets that last over several clock cycles and that can affect multiple functional units similarly (equivalently). This will be a problem in future as with the evolution of technology, the device geometry continues to shrink massively along with persistent escalation of operating speed. This calls for solutions that can confront the dual problem of multi-cycle and multiple transient faults at higher abstraction level (such as behavioural level) alongside considering lower level physical design information. A novel physically aware high level synthesis (HLS) methodology is presented in this paper, that solves the aforesaid problem by providing resilient designs against transient fault that extend over several control steps (clock cycles) and affect neighborhood functional units similarly, with minimal overhead and implementation runtime.
Interrogation of fibre Bragg grating sensors using an arrayed waveguide grating

We experimentally investigate the use of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) to interrogate fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. A broadband light source is used to illuminate the FBG sensors. Reflected spectral information is directed to the AWG containing integral photodetectors providing 40 electrical outputs. Three methods are described to interrogate FBG sensors. The first technique makes use of the wavelength-dependent transmission profile of an AWG channel passband, giving a usable range of 500 με and a dynamic strain resolution of 96 nε Hz−1/2 at 13 Hz. The second approach utilizes wide gratings larger than the channel spacing of the AWG; by monitoring the intensity present in several neighbouring AWG channels an improved range of 1890 με was achieved. The third method improves the dynamic range by utilizing a heterodyne approach based on interferometric wavelength shift detection, providing an improved dynamic strain resolution of 17 nε Hz−1/2 at 30 Hz.
From routine to network deployment for data offloading in metropolitan areas

This paper tackles the WiFi hotspot deployment problem in a metropolitan area by leveraging mobile users' context and content, i.e., their trajectories, scenario interactions, and traffic demands. The careful deployment of hotspots in such areas allow to maximize WiFi offloading, a viable solution to the recent boost up of mobile data consumption. Our proposed strategy considers the restrictions imposed by transportation modes to people trajectories and the space-time interaction between people and urban locations, key points for an efficient network planning. Using a real-life metropolitan trace, we show our routine-based strategy guarantees higher offload ratio than the current approach in the literature while using a realistic traffic model.
Study on residual vibration suppression for a flexible dual-manipulator

This paper presents a feedforward control technique for suppressing residual vibrations of a flexible dual-manipulator. To construct the mathematical model of the manipulator system accurately, the parameters of the equations of motion are experimentally identified. In the control technique, we express the joint angle by a cubic spline function, and then use a particle swarm optimization to find an optimal path. The optimal path thus obtained carries a minimum vibration requirement. The suppression of the residual vibrations of the flexible dual-manipulator can be accomplished by rotating the joint angle along the optimal path. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed vibration control scheme is substantiated by simulation and experimental results.
Penalized partial likelihood for sequential order selection

We have previously shown that partial likelihood estimation of finite normal mixtures (FNM) yields very efficient estimators and hence provides a very attractive solution for real-time signal processing. Order selection, however, is a very important factor affecting the overall performance. We address the problem of order selection for the FNM model in applications requiring sequential processing. We pose the problem as the joint determination of the system memory and the observation vector dimension which together determine the number of mixture components. We define penalized partial likelihood as the information theoretic criterion for order selection and propose a sequential order selection procedure. We consider channel equalization as an example, an application for which FNM provides a perfect match to the data generation mechanism and hence is a particularly attractive solution. We study examples in channel equalization showing the effectiveness of the approach and discuss its properties.
Running head : AN IDEA ONTOLOGY FOR INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 1 Running head : AN IDEA ONTOLOGY FOR INNOVATION MANAGEMENT An Idea Ontology for Innovation Management

Exchanging and analyzing ideas across different software tools and repositories is needed to implement the concepts of open innovation and holistic innovation management. However, a precise and formal definition for the concept of an idea is hard to obtain. In this paper, we introduce an ontology to represent ideas. This ontology provides a common language to foster interoperability between tools and to support the idea life cycle. Through the use of an ontology additional benefits like semantic reasoning and automatic analysis become available. Our proposed ontology captures both a core idea concept that covers the 'heart of the idea' and further concepts to support collaborative idea development, including rating, discussing, tagging, and grouping ideas. This modular approach allows the idea ontology to be complemented by additional concepts like customized evaluation methods. We present a case study that demonstrates how the ontology can be used to achieve interoperability between innovation tools and to answer questions relevant for innovation managers that demonstrate the advantages of semantic reasoning. Introduction What is an idea? How does it relate to an innovation? While people may have an intuitive understanding of what these terms mean, there is no accepted precise and formal definition for the concept of an idea. As holistic innovation management and, in particular, the concept of open innovation gains traction, it becomes increasingly important to close this gap: a commonly agreed concept of an idea would support exchanging and analyzing ideas across different idea platforms and innovation tools, and hence be the basis to realize the vision of open innovation In this paper, we provide our own definition of the concept of an " idea " and introduce an ontology to represent ideas. Our research was motivated by the observation that various innovation management systems implement the concept of an idea based on similar core concepts but also distinct features. The goal is to capture the common core of different approaches to facilitate reuse and better integration. We also want to allow modular extensions required for the needs of specific innovation tools. Hence, we present a core idea concept that is enriched by concepts required to deal with ideas, e.g. of ideas. Thereby, we also illustrate how the Idea Ontology can be complemented by further concepts like customized evaluation methods. The remainder of this paper is structured as follows: first, we study the challenges that arise as a result of recent trends in …
The role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases

The endoplasmic reticulum protein sigma-1 receptors, first regarded as opioid receptors and later confused as the phencyclidine (PCP) binding sites of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, are now confirmed to be independent receptors. They are involved in the modulation of various neurotransmitter systems and have a high affinity for diverse classes of psychotropic drugs. Accumulating evidence suggests that the sigma-1 receptors are impli- cated in higher-ordered brain functions and play important roles in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and dementia. Recently, sigma-1 receptors have been shown to function at the molecular level as "receptor chaperones. " This mechanism may unify the explanation of the role of sigma-1 receptors in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. With the development of the positron emission tomography (PET) ligand ( 11 C)SA4503, it has become possible to visualize sigma-1 receptors and estimate the sigma-1 receptor occupancy of drugs in the human brain. This approach may provide additional information on the function of sigma-1 receptors. This article reviews the function of sigma-1 receptors and attempts to reinterpret their role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases based on their new description as "receptor chaperones. "
Live attenuated measles virus vaccine therapy for locally established malignant glioblastoma tumor cells

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, with poor prognosis. A new glioblastoma cell line (ANGM5) was established from a cerebral glioblastoma multiforme in a 72-year-old Iraqi man who underwent surgery for an intracranial tumor. This study was carried out to evaluate the antitumor effect of live attenuated measles virus (MV) Schwarz vaccine strain on glioblastoma multiforme tumor cell lines in vitro. Live attenuated MV Schwarz strain was propagated on Vero, human rhabdomyosarcoma, and human glioblastoma-multiform (ANGM5) cell lines. The infected confluent monolayer appeared to be covered with syncytia with granulation and vacuolation, as well as cell rounding, shrinkage, and large empty space with cell debris as a result of cell lysis and death. Cell lines infected with virus have the ability for hemadsorption to human red blood cells after 72 hours of infection, whereas no hemadsorption of uninfected cells is seen. Detection of MV hemagglutinin protein by monoclonal antibodies in infected cells of all cell lines by immunocytochemistry assay gave positive results (brown color) in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Cell viability was measured after 72 hours of infection by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Results showed a significant cytotoxic effect for MV (P≤0.05) on growth of ANGM5 and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines after 72 hours of infection. Induction of apoptosis by MV was assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potentials in tumor cells after 48, 72, and 120 hours of infection. Apoptotic cells were counted, and the mean percentage of dead cells was significantly higher after 48, 72, and 120 hours of infection compared with control cells. This study concludes that live attenuated MV Schwarz vaccine induces the oncolytic effect in Iraqi tumor cell line ANGM5 and in the rhabdomyosarcoma cell line through syncytia in tumor cells, which is one of the causes of cell death. The MV vaccine strain has the ability to insert its hemagglutinin protein into the tumor cell surface, leading to modification of the antigenic surface of tumor cells that may induce an antitumor immune response, MV vaccine strain induced cell killing by direct cytolysis and apoptosis induction. These antitumor features may indicate the use of MV in the treatment of glioblastoma.