Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship as an Evolutionary Process: Research Progress and Challenges

Recent advances in theory have emphasized a definition of entrepreneurship as an evolutionary process of selection and adaptation. By analyzing 307 empirical articles published in top entrepreneurship journals in the last five years, this paper identifies advances and challenges in three key areas: framing of research questions, data collection and structure, and the measurement of time and space related contexts. In terms of framing research questions, researchers tend to emphasize transitions and performance outcomes, particularly at the firm level. However, transitions from the general population to nascent entrepreneurs, as well as transitions from nascent entrepreneurs to new firms, are under explored. In terms of data, researchers rely too heavily on survey methods and cross-sectional data. Finally, researchers appear to be more comfortable measuring variations in environmental forces across space than across time. Because of major data collection efforts like the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics, a potential exists for more sophisticated projects that follow an evolutionary approach to entrepreneurship.
A Peircean analysis of counselors' interpretations and clients' responses in motivational interviewing sessions

The aim of this study is to apply some ideas from Charles S. Peirce's theory of signs to the analysis of counselor behaviors during motivational interviewing sessions in the probation service by focusing on the counselors' interpretations of their substance-abusing clients' change talk. The results of the study display that making the argument interpretation is the most certain way to make the client talk for the change and to help the client to reach the goal with regard to his/her use of alcohol and drugs. The argument interpretation shows something that the client has not noticed before (deductive argument), captures an anomaly that appears in the client's talk (abductive argument) or makes a conclusion of the client's situation (inductive argument) and presents an assertive inference based on them. The results show that by applying Peirce's theory of signs, we can find the new features of client–counselor interaction that potentially relate to the treatment outcome.
Robust Indoor Positioning through Adaptive Collaborative Labeling of Location Fingerprints

Location-aware computing has become one of the most publicly visible results of ubiquitous computing research, with small, low-power GPS modules being incorporated in an ever increasing number of consumer devices. While GPS systems work well in outdoor environments, the limited propagation characteristics of GPS satellite signals require alternative solutions for positioning and navigating inside buildings. Radio location fingerprinting is one of the most promising indoor positioning mechanisms as it allows positioning using signal characteristics of existing wireless communication networks (e.g., a WiFi installation) and thus requires no dedicated localization infrastructure to be installed. However, location fingerprinting typically requires a costly setup phase, in which signal fingerprints are manually mapped to individual locations. Moreover, since radio signals change and fluctuate over time, map maintenance requires continuous recalibration. In this thesis, we introduce the concept of user-contributed, collaborative fingerprint labeling to address the problems of radio map setup and map maintenance in location fingerprinting systems. Instead of manually creating an initial map prior to deployment, we propose a method to harness the inputs of all users to collaboratively create and subsequently maintain an accurate map of indoor radio fingerprints. We offer a novel user interface approach to simplify the solicitation of user-generated labels that rely on labeling long-term measurements, not just second-long snapshots, and provide algorithms that are able to accurately position a device based on such user-generated labels.
Regression Models with Correlated Binary Response Variables: A Comparison of Different Methods in Fi

The present paper deals with the comparison of the performance of different estimation methods for regression models with correlated binary responses. Throughout, we consider probit models where an underlying latent continous random variable crosses a threshold. The error variables in the unobservable latent model are assumed to be normally distributed. The estimation procedures considered are (1) marginal maximum likelihood estimation using Gauss-Hermite quadrature, (2) generalized estimation equations (GEE) techniques with an extension to estimate tetrachoric correlations in a second step, and, (3) the MECOSA approach proposed by Schepers, Arminger and Kusters (1991) using hierarchical mean and covariance structure models. We present the results of a simulation study designed to evaluate the small sample properties of the different estimators and to make some comparisons with respect to technical aspects of the estimation procedures and to bias and mean squared error of the estimators. The results show that the calculation of the ML estimator requires the most computing time, followed by the MECOSA estimator. For small and moderate sample sizes the calculation of the MECOSA estimator is problematic because of problems of convergence as well as a tendency of underestimating the variances. In large samples with moderate or high correlations of the errors in the latent model, the MECOSA estimators are not as efficient as ML or GEE estimators. The higher the `true' value of an equicorrelation structure in the latent model and the larger the sample sizes are, the more is the efficiency gain of the ML estimator compared to the GEE and MECOSA estimators. Using the GEE approach, the ML estimates of tetrachoric correlations calculated in a second step are biased to a smaller extent than using the MECOSA approach.
Criterion Validity of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Fluency Subtests After Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract The performance of 65 patients with complicated mild–severe traumatic brain injury was evaluated on the Verbal and Design Fluency subtests of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), and compared with that of 65 demographically matched healthy controls. There were statistically significant group differences on Letter Fluency and Category Switching but not on any of the Design Fluency tasks. Combined, these two Verbal Fluency subtests had a classification accuracy of 65.39%, associated with a likelihood ratio of 1.87. The impact of length of coma on Letter Fluency performance but not Category Switching was mediated at least in part by processing speed. The findings suggest modest criterion validity of some of the D–KEFS Verbal Fluency subtests in the assessment of patients with complicated mild–severe traumatic brain injury. (JINS, 2011, 17, 230–237)
Play activities in the classroom: a window into seven- to eight-year-olds' thinking competence

A significant body of research has examined the role of play in children's learning and development. There is little research to date that has studied seven- to eight-year-olds' thinking competence in their play activities. The diversity, unpredictability, and spontaneity of children's play pose a challenge to the analysis and assessment of children's thinking competence in their play activities. This paper reports on a qualitative study that employed a cognitive task analysis approach to investigate children's thinking competence in the play activities of 28 7–8-year-olds in a New Zealand primary classroom. Case examples are discussed to demonstrate the kind of insights that could be obtained into emergent and unanticipated aspects of children's thinking competence. It is argued that play activities provide a window into children's thinking competence and offer meaningful contexts for children to exercise their thinking skills at this stage of formal schooling.
Psykoterapeutisk behandling af Cancerpatienter—2. del

Metze, E. : Psychotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients. Nordisk Psykologi, 1985, 37 (3), 228–239. A model for psychotherapeutic intervention with cancer patients is presented. Imagery techniques, the interpretation of imagery, and its practical use is described and exemplified. Results from psychoneuroimmunological research supports the importance of both the change of belief systems and the use of imagery. It is concluded that psychotherapeutic intervention should be available to cancer patients in general. Further psychoneuroimmunological, clinical research will be of primary importance for the development of more refined intervention models.
2D DOA estimation method based on channel state information for uniform circular array

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based communication systems multiple carriers having different frequencies are used to transmit different data at the same time. Complex values that describe attenuation on different subcarriers are called channel state information (CSI). This paper describes a novel method of two dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for uniform circular array (UCA) using CSI, available in transmitted OFDM signal. Firstly, using the fact that CSI among subcarriers comprises phase shift due to DOA and Time-of-Flight (ToF) number of antennas is virtually extended. Secondly, beamspace transform is applied to UCA's array manifold for CSI smoothing to virtually extend the number of observations. Finally, multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is applied on smoothed data for 2D DOA estimation. Comprehensive results and analysis are provided to show the superior performance of the proposed algorithm compared to the previous literature.
On the Foundations of Noise-free Selective Classification

We consider selective classification, a term we adopt here to refer to 'classification with a reject option. ' The essence in selective classification is to trade-off classifier coverage for higher accuracy. We term this trade-off the risk-coverage (RC) trade-off. Our main objective is to characterize this trade-off and to construct algorithms that can optimally or near optimally achieve the best possible trade-offs in a controlled manner. For noise-free models we present in this paper a thorough analysis of selective classification including characterizations of RC trade-offs in various interesting settings.
Programmer paranoia revisited

Since man has been curious and concerned about anything probably he has been curious and concerned about man. It seems logical that man's ability to speculate, question and reason would be turned toward the understanding of himself and others. It further seems logical that since modern man is a creature of work, man has sought to understand the aspect of his being which is associated with work. Current literature reflects the opinion that an individual's personality is a key consideration in his job success. The conclusions of recent studies have been that a theory of occupational choice must account for an individual's “style of life” (Armatas and Collister, 1962, Adams, 1969, and Sherman, 1972). The results of these studies indicated that there is a subtle relationship between emotional adjustment and vocational behavior and the individual's resultant relative feeling of well-being.
Object-oriented and architecture-based design of PLC software for complex control system

SA (software architecture) technology is an important means to control the complexity of software, and to improve software quality and to support software development and reuse. It is merely adopted in the development of PLC software however. It is not more optimistic as for O-O (object-oriented) technology. The reason for this is the control software is so different form the general information system, and so many aspects must be taken into account. Concept of abstract object, which was not straightforward, is explained. It is advised that the controller and controlled object should be treated and designed as two objects. The limitation of the O-O technology in PLC software is discussed. A systematic PLC program development methodology is proposed, which adopts SA in system level, and O-O in unit machines level, and task-oriented technology in level of inside unit machines. The methodology is demonstrated by the design of control software for a material flow system. The PLC software employed pipe and filter model as its architecture, which was adapted at its sublayer. The controller objects are activated dynamically by a manager object. And message passing is employed for inter-objects communication.
Stacked deep convolutional auto-encoders for emotion recognition from facial expressions

Emotion recognition is critical for everyday living and is essential for meaningful interaction. If we are to progress towards human and machine interaction that is engaging the human user, the machine should be able to recognize the emotional state of the user. Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) have proven to be efficient in emotion recognition problems. The good degree of performance achieved by these classifiers can be attributed to their ability to self-learn a down-sampled feature vector that retains spatial information through filter kernels in convolutional layers. Given the view that random initialization of weights can lead to convergence to non-optimal local minima, in this paper we explore the impact of training the initial weights in an unsupervised manner. We study the effect of pre-training a Deep CNN as a Stacked Convolutional Auto-Encoder (SCAE) in a greedy layer-wise unsupervised fashion for emotion recognition using facial expression images. When trained with randomly initialized weights, our CNN emotion recognition model achieves a performance rate of 91.16% on the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) dataset. In contrast, when each layer of the model, including the hidden layer, is pre-trained as an Auto-Encoder, the performance increases to 92.52%. Pre-training our CNN as a SCAE also reduces training time marginally. The emotion recognition model developed in this work will form the basis of a real-time empathic robot system.
Feature based state space coverage of analog circuits

This paper proposes a systematic and fast analog coverage-driven verification methodology which could increase the confidence in verification of today’s analog blocks. We define an appropriate coverage metric to score simulations and then minimize the simulation effort for achieving full state space coverage with an algorithm generating appropriate input stimuli. Our proposed method uses characteristic properties of a discretized representation of the state space such as the spatial distribution of eigenvalues, guiding the generation of short and purposeful stimuli. The experimental results show a significant speed-up with similar accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art.
Public Relations in State Government: A Typology of Management Styles

P Public relations. undoubtedly oversimplified but certainly reduced to its bare essence, is "the management of communication between an organization and its publics. "' Two aspects of public relations identified in that definition-communication and publics-have been the subjects of a substantial body of research in public relations. Most of this research has examined the effect of communication on publics, but a few studies also have examined the behavior of publics. Very few researchers, however, have systematically tried to explain why organizations practice public relations as they do-the management aspect of public relations. Are there models of public relations behavior which seem to "fit" the way certain types of organizations communicate with important constituencies under the rubric of public relations? If so. which organizational characteristics serve as indicators to a n organization of an appropriate model of public relations behavior, or serve as predictors of an organization's public relations management style?
Overexpression of the Endosomal Anion/Proton Exchanger ClC-5 Increases Cell Susceptibility toward Clostridium difficile Toxins TcdA and TcdB

Virulent C. difficile toxins TcdA and TcdB invade host intestinal epithelia by endocytosis and use the acidic environment of intracellular vesicles for further processing and activation. We investigated the role of ClC-5, a chloride/proton exchanger expressed in the endosomes of gastrointestinal epithelial cells, in the activation and processing of C. difficile toxins. Enhanced intoxication by TcdA and TcdB was observed in cells expressing ClC-5 but not ClC-4, another chloride/proton exchanger with similar function but different localization. In accordance with the established physiological function of ClC-5, its expression lowered the endosomal pH in HEK293T cells by approximately 0.6 units and enhanced approximately 5-fold the internalization of TcdA. In colon HT29 cells, 34% of internalized TcdA localized to ClC-5-containing vesicles defined by colocalization with Rab5, Rab4a, and Rab7 as early and early-to-late of endosomes but not as Rab11-containing recycling endosomes. Impairing the cellular uptake of TcdA by deleting the toxin CROPs domain did not abolish the effects of ClC-5. In addition, the transport-incompetent mutant ClC-5 E268Q similarly enhanced both endosomal acidification and intoxication by TcdA but facilitated the internalization of the toxin to a lower extent. These data suggest that ClC-5 enhances the cytotoxic action of C. difficile toxins by accelerating the acidification and maturation of vesicles of the early and early-to-late endosomal system. The dispensable role of electrogenic ion transport suggests that the voltage-dependent nonlinear capacitances of mammalian CLC transporters serve important physiological functions. Our data shed light on the intersection between the endocytotic cascade of host epithelial cells and the internalization pathway of the large virulence C. difficile toxins. Identifying ClC-5 as a potential specific host ion transporter hijacked by toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria widens the horizon of possibilities for novel therapies of life-threatening gastrointestinal infections.
Eating disorders from parent to child: Mothers’ perceptions of transgenerational effect

Abstract Primary prevention focuses on the reduction of risk factors. Children of mothers with an eating disorder are a proven “at risk” group, because children internalise their experiences. Prevention in the field of eating disorders has as yet only addressed children of seven or eight upwards and only in school-based programs which did not incorporate mothers. This project targeted mothers with an eating disorder who had children under the age of thirteen. The hypothesis is that if these mothers can be encouraged to change damaging behaviour that their children are likely to model, we can attempt to break the cycle of dysfunction. This is a qualitative and quantitive research project, carried out with standardised measures and semi-structured interviews before and after a nineteen week therapy group, with six and twelve month follow ups. The group consisted of eight mothers. This paper describes the group and provides a case study of one participant. The initial analysis suggests that the support of a .
The Transcriptional Elongation Inhibitor 5,6-Dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole Inhibits Transcription Factor IIH-associated Protein Kinase (*)

Regulation of chain elongation by RNA polymerase II can have an important effect on gene expression (Bentley, D.(1995) Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5, 210-216; Yankulov, K. , Blau, J., Purton, T. , Roberts, S. , and Bentley, D. (1994) Cell 77, 749-759); however the mechanisms that control this step in transcription are not well understood. The adenosine analogue 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) has long been used as an inhibitor of RNA polymerase II elongation, but its target is not known. We show that DRB is a potent inhibitor of Cdk-activating kinase, associated with the general transcription factor TFIIH. Two other inhibitors of this kinase, H-7 and H-8, also inhibited transcriptional elongation. Furthermore, TFIIH kinase bound specifically to the herpes simplex virus VP16 activation domain which stimulates polymerase II elongation in addition to initiation (Yankulov, K., Blau, J., Purton, T., Roberts, S., and Bentley, D.(1994) Cell 77, 749-759). Our results suggest that DRB affects transcription by inhibiting the TFIIH-associated kinase and that this kinase functions in the control of elongation by RNA polymerase II.
Effects of the co-inoculation with saprobe and mycorrhizal fungi on Vaccinium corymbosum growth and some soil enzymatic activities

In this study we evaluated the initial plant growth and some biochemical changes produced in rizhosphere soil of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. 'Elliot' plantlets obtained from in vitro culture and inoculated with six arbuscular mycor- rhizal (AM) fungi strains (Gigaspora rosea; Glomus claroideum; G. deserticola; G. viscosum; G. intraradices and G. constrictum) and five saprobe fungi (Coriolopsis rigida; Phanerochaete chrysosporium; Trametes versicolor; Trichoderma harzi- anum and Penicillium chrysogenum). Our results showed a significant "like" AM root colonization (25-46%), highlighting the treatment co-inoculated with G. rosea + P chrysosporium or C. rigida; G. intraradices + C. rigida; G. viscosum + P chrys- osporium, but this root colonization was morphologically atypical, and dominated by interstitial hyphae, without develop of other typical AM structures. Furthermore, significant increase in the shoot and root growth of the plantlets inoculated with G. viscosum + P chrysosporium, and G. intraradices + C. rigida were observed. On the other hand, G. claroideum + T. versicolor showed the high increase in the dehydrogenase enzyme activity, while inoculation with G. claroideum alone showed the greatest s-glucosidase activity. These results suggest that the interaction of AM symbionts together with saprobe fungi could be a biological alternative to promote the growth of micro-propagated blueberry plantlets in their early growth stages.
An easy-to-use TW3 system for assessing bone age

Precise and effective bone age assessment is important for pediatricians to diagnose children with endocrinological problems and growth disorders. The Tanner and Whitehouse III (TW3) method for determining bone age involves detailed shape analyses of several bones of interest and assigning corresponding scores, but the complexity and time-consuming nature make it hard to apply in clinic. Therefore, our project is to develop an easy-to-use graphical user interface which can automatically localize and segment the phalanx region of interests (PROIs) and the epiphyseal/metaphyseal region of interests (EMROIs) of the left-hand radiogram, and then a TW3 scoring system is provided to the user to make a decision. Based on this system, a set of image processing procedures was proposed for the segmentation of PROIs and EMROIs, and then 8 EMORIs were consecutively popped up for the evaluation of TW3 scores. Subsequently, each score of 8 EMROIs was accumulated automatically until the operations were completed. We believed that the easy-to-use TW3 system serves a better operational tool for the pediatricians.