Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmit beamforming for MIMO multicast channels

Consider a MIMO multicast channel where a multi-antenna base station (BS) sends common messages to K multi-antenna users. Assuming that the channel state information (CSI) of the K users are known at the BS, we study the optimal downlink rank-one beamforming which maximizes the postprocessing SNRs of the bottleneck users. We first study the special case where the BS has two transmit antennas. Denoting γ ϵ RK as a vector consisting of the SNRs of the K users, we derive the closed-form expression of the feasible set of γ as a two-dimension ellipsoid embedded in a K-dimension space. Based on this observation, we develop a prune and search algorithm (PASA) which guarantees to find a global optimal Tx beamforming vector and meanwhile is computationally faster than the existing suboptimal algorithms. For the general case where the BS has an arbitrary number of Tx antennas, we leverage the two-antenna result and propose an iterative 2-dimensional optimization (I2DO) method, which at each iterative step transforms the original problem into the two-antenna one and improves the solution using PASA. The simulation results show that the proposed methods outperform the existing ones in both performance and complexity.
Genetic Complexity and Expression of Human Class II Histocompatibility Antigens

The genes encoding nearly all of the serologically defined class II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex have been isolated. Three class II loci have been studied in great detail. The DR region contains a single alpha gene and 3 beta chain genes, 1 of which is a pseudogene. The DR alpha chain gene has been linked to a DR beta gene which encodes a beta protein which contains the serological determinant MT3. A second cosmid cluster contains 2 beta genes, 1 of which encodes the DR4 allospecificity. The identification of these genes has been made by the comparison of amino terminal sequences of DR molecules obtained from a DR4 cell line and the deduced protein sequences of the beta 1 exons from cosmid and phage clones. A conserved element including the promoter and signal sequence is found at the 5' end of each of the 3 DR beta genes. Additionally, this element occurs three more times in the DR region, raising the question of whether additional beta chain genes might be found. The DQ region contains 2 pairs of genes, 1 of which encodes the DQ antigen. The 2nd pair of genes, called DX alpha and beta, appears to be capable of expressing a DQ-related product, although, to date, there is no evidence for its expression. The DP region also contains 2 pairs of genes. One pair encodes the DP antigen while the 2nd alpha-beta pair is shown to be composed of pseudogenes. The location of polymorphic regions in these genes and aspects of their relationship to the serology, evolution, and function of the class II MHC are discussed. The control of expression of class II genes by gamma-interferon has been examined. The promoters of class II genes are characterized by two conserved sequences common to all alpha and beta chain genes as well as by conserved sequences specific for either alpha or beta chain genes. In addition to studies of expression by DNA-mediated gene transformation, a system for the gene transfer of MHC antigens utilizing transmissible retrovirus vectors is described. Retrovirus vectors have been used to transmit DR alpha, DR beta, and the invariant chain (gamma) sequences to recipient cells with resultant expression of these proteins.
Descriptive epidemiology of lymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies in Bangalore, India

Lymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies as a group constitute one of the important cancers in India, as elsewhere in the world. While information on incidence and mortality of these cancers, and that on survival, are available from most developed countries, there are very few reports describing this experience in developing ones. Population‐based cancer registration commenced in Bangalore, India, in January 1982, under the auspices of the Indian Council of Medical Research. This source provides fairly complete and reliable incidence data, but, in order to obtain mortality and survival information, active follow‐up involving visits of homes of patients was undertaken. Between 1982 and 1989, 1397 cases of lymphoid and haemopoietic malignancies were registered in the Bangalore cancer registry, giving an age‐adjusted incidence rate of 7.7 and 4.8 per 100,000 in males and females respectively. Active follow‐up provided mortality/survival information in 1267 or 90.7% of these cases. The overall observed 5‐year survival for these cancers combined (both sexes) was 26%, and relative survival 28.4%. The 5‐year survival rate was lower in all the individual lymphomas and leukaemias as compared with similar reports from the developed countries. Survival in Hodgkin's disease was influenced by clinical stage and age at presentation.
Creativity and Entrepreneurship: Culture, Subculture, and New Venture Creation

The key for competitiveness and growth relies in entrepreneurship and its creative destruction. While questioning what drives entrepreneurship and creativity scholars have recently highlighted the role of culture. Culture defines a set of shared characteristics, values, institutions and thoughts, thus, shapes people willingness to get involved in creative problem-solving and how they share knowledge and perceive market risk and chances. Since the 1990s a vast body of literature has dealing with the role of culture in entrepreneurship and creativity within different contexts or levels of analysis, e.g. management studies, on firm level, cross regions or within national systems. This paper critically reviews the current state-of-the-art of cultural studies in entrepreneurship while shedding some light on a perspective that yet has been underdeveloped by scholars, that is the role of subcultures in entrepreneurial and creativity milieus. We provide first evidence from the 69 largest cities in Germany that the presence of a vibrant subcultural scene, measured as indie record labels, artists, vegans and alternative medical treatment, has a positive impact whereas traditional culture measured by number of museums, displays no significant influence on creativity and new venture creation. Results aim to guide policy makers towards designing regional and local development agendas and complement recent academic discussions within the field of creative milieus and entrepreneurship ecosystems.
Handwriting and Perceptual-Motor Skills in Clumsy, Dysgraphic, and ‘Normal’ Children

Among various perceptual-motor tests, only visuomotor integration was significant in predicting accuracy of handwriting performance for the total sample of 59 children consisting of 19 clumsy children, 22 nonclumsy dysgraphic children, and 18 ‘normal’ children. They were selected from a sample of 360 fourth-graders (10-yr.-olds). For groups of clumsy and ‘normal’ children, the prediction of handwriting performance is difficult. However, correlations among scores on 6 measures showed that handwriting was significantly related to visuomotor integration, visual form perception, and tracing in the total group and to visuomotor integration and visual form perception in the clumsy group. The weakest correlations occurred between tests measuring simple psychomotor functions and handwriting. Moreover, clumsy children were expected to do poorly on tests measuring aiming, tracing, and visuomotor integration, but not on tests measuring visual form perception and finger tapping. Dysgraphic children were expected to do poorly on visuomotor integration only.
Labour market deregulation and apprenticeship training: A comparison of German and Swiss employers

Many extensions of classical human capital theory regard labour market rigidities as a prerequisite for firms to invest in general training. From this perspective, the German labour market reforms since 2003 should have reduced their willingness to support the apprenticeship training system. This article demonstrates that, on the contrary, German firms did not abandon the training system but instead changed their training strategies after the implementation of the labour market reforms. We analyse the new training strategies that German firms deployed to cope with the increased labour market flexibility engendered by the labour market reforms. Switzerland, where no such reforms occurred, serves as the counterfactual. The results demonstrate that German firms successfully reduced the net costs of training by involving apprentices in more work and reducing non-productive tasks.
Elucidating the Structure of N1-Acetylisoputreanine: A Novel Polyamine Catabolite in Human Urine

An untargeted metabolomics approach was utilized to determine urinary metabolites that could serve as small-molecule biomarkers for treatment response to standard tuberculosis treatment. However, the majority of metabolites that most accurately distinguished patient samples at the time of diagnosis from those at 1 month after the start of therapy lacked structural identification. The detection of unknown metabolite structures is a well-known limitation of untargeted metabolomics and underscores a need for continued elucidation of novel metabolite structures. In this study, we sought to define the structure of a urine metabolite with an experimentally determined mass of 202.1326 Da, classified as molecular feature (MF) 202.1326. A hypothesized structure of N1-acetylisoputreanine was developed for MF 202.1326 using in silico tools and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the absence of a commercial standard, synthetic N1-acetylisoputreanine was generated using enzymatic and chemical syntheses, and LC–MS/MS was used to confirm the structure of MF 202.1326 as N1-acetylisoputreanine, a proposed terminal polyamine catabolite that had not been previously detected in biological samples. Further analysis demonstrated that N1-acetylisoputreanine and an alternative form of this metabolite, N1-acetylisoputreanine-γ-lactam, are both present in human urine and are likely end-products of polyamine metabolism.
Unitary Space-Time Pulse Position Modulation for Differential Unipolar MIMO IR-UWB Communications

In this paper, we present a general technique for constructing minimal-delay unitary differential Space-Time (ST) block codes for Pulse Position Modulation (PPM) with an arbitrary number of transmit antennas and signal set cardinality. A typical application corresponds to Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) systems where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the channel. The proposed scheme is a pulse-based solution where the information is encoded differentially through the relative shifts of the pulses in one block with respect to the pulse positions in the previous block where each block extends over P symbol durations with P standing for the number of transmit antennas. This technique of time-domain encoding avoids all types of amplitude constellation expansions and achieves a full transmit diversity order while maintaining a single unipolar pulse transmission per symbol in a way that is completely equivalent to single-antenna PPM communications. We also propose a simplified decoder that can be associated with the proposed ST code and we perform a detailed complexity analysis that allows to quantify the reduction in the number of operations offered by this simplified decoding strategy. Finally, the results are validated numerically and through a semi-analytical evaluation of the conditional symbol error rate.
Experimental and theoretical charge-density study of a tetranuclear cobalt carbonyl complex.

Details of the complex bonding environment present in the molecular centre of an alkyne-bridged dicobalt complex have been examined using a combination of experimental and theoretical charge-density modelling for two compounds which share a central Co(2)C(2) tetrahedral moiety as their common motif. Topological analysis of the experimental electron density illustrates the problem of separating the Co-C bond-critical points (b.c.p.s) from the intervening ring-critical point (r.c.p.), due largely to the flat nature of the electron density in the CoC(2) triangles. Such a separation of critical points is immediately obtained from a topological analysis of the theoretical electron density as well as from the multipole-projected theoretical density; however, the addition of random noise to the theoretical structure factors prior to multipole modelling leads to a failure in consistently distinguishing two b.c.p.s and one r.c. p. in such close proximity within the particular environment of this Co(2)C(2) centre.
Object oriented concept lattice construction through the combination of formal contexts

This paper studies the construction of object oriented concept lattice through the combination of formal contexts. Based on two original formal contexts with a fixed object set, the construction method for all object oriented concepts and corresponding concept lattice of the combined formal context is obtained. The method can be generalized to the case of many original formal contexts. This method will simplify the construction of concept lattices and facilitate the process of knowledge discovery, especially for large and complex formal contexts.
The sexual segment of hemidactylus turcicus and the evolution of sexual segment location in squamata

The kidneys of the Mediterranean Gecko, Hemidactylus turcicus (Gekkonidae), were investigated using light and electron microscopy with the primary focus placed on morphology of the sexual segment of the kidney. The nephrons of male H. turcicus are composed of five distinct regions: 1) a renal corpuscle and glomerulus, 2) a proximal convoluted tubule, 3) an intermediate segment, 4) a distal convoluted tubule, and 5) the sexual segment of the kidney/collecting duct. Female H. turcicus is similar but lack a sexual segment of the kidney. The sexual segment of the kidney is hypertrophied during the months of March through August, which corroborates previous reports of reproductive activity. During inactive months, the sexual segment of the kidney is nondiscernable from the collecting ducts. The sexual segment consists of tall columnar epithelial cells with basally positioned nuclei. Perinuclear Golgi complexes and rough endoplasmic reticulum are present. Secretory granules, which fill the apices of the epithelial cells, are electron dense and released into the lumen by a merocrine secretory process. Narrow intercellular canaliculi separate each epithelial cell and are sealed by tight junctions at the luminal aspect. Basally, leukoctyes are observed within the intercellular canaliculi and outside the basal lamina. Mast cells can be found just outside the basal lamina in close association with renal capillaries. The sexual segment of the kidney of H. turcicus is similar to that of three unrelated lizards for which ultrastructure was investigated with secretion mode being the major difference Also, H. turcicus is similar to most other lizards in that complete regression occurs during reproductive inactivity, but differs in this trait from the skink, Scincella lateralis, and most snakes which display a hypertrophied sexual segment of the kidney throughout the entire year. Although some unique similarities appear during the optimization, no direct patterns or directions are observed, and only the molecular based phylogeny resolves the ancestral condition of the Squamata as the sexual segment of the kidney being observed in the distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, and ureter. J. Morphol. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adversarial Texts with Gradient Methods

Adversarial samples for images have been extensively studied in the literature. Among many of the attacking methods, gradient-based methods are both effective and easy to compute. In this work, we propose a framework to adapt the gradient attacking methods on images to text domain. The main difficulties for generating adversarial texts with gradient methods are i) the input space is discrete, which makes it difficult to accumulate small noise directly in the inputs, and ii) the measurement of the quality of the adversarial texts is difficult. We tackle the first problem by searching for adversarials in the embedding space and then reconstruct the adversarial texts via nearest neighbor search. For the latter problem, we employ the Word Mover's Distance (WMD) to quantify the quality of adversarial texts. Through extensive experiments on three datasets, IMDB movie reviews, Reuters-2 and Reuters-5 newswires, we show that our framework can leverage gradient attacking methods to generate very high-quality adversarial texts that are only a few words different from the original texts. There are many cases where we can change one word to alter the label of the whole piece of text. We successfully incorporate FGM and DeepFool into our framework. In addition, we empirically show that WMD is closely related to the quality of adversarial texts.
International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems New Method for Assessment of Distributed Generation Impact on Distribution System Reliability : Islanded Operation

Distributed Generation “DG” is an emerging technology which is receiving mush attention and studies. One of the most important aspects of DG is reliability. Reliability is defined as the ability of the system to deliver electrical power to the customers within various limits. These limits include limits on continuity of supply, voltage drop, sag, regulation and other limits which are mentioned in various standards. This paper focuses on solving some problems with the reliability modeling of DGs [1]. Existing algorithms which deal with DG are very complex due to the nature of the model of the DG itself [1]. Some of the protection algorithms have to be complex so that they do not to count the DG twice [2]. In this paper protection algorithms and set of equations are proposed to accurately model the DG and calculate its effect on Load point indices. Then the method is applied to a study case to illustrate the steps needed to calculate the load point indices [3]. A load flow result will be used to determine the size of the DG needed. The system which will be studied is a system where the DG serves an island or what is known as islanded operation of DG [4]. The method only applies to islanded operation and cannot be used for other modes of operation of the DG. The results show that a very accurate method could be used to model the DG without the need for complex, time consuming algorithms which a characteristic of the existing algorithms. This paper presents the role of the DG in improving the system reliability by proposing a new method for calculation of load point indices in the case of DG presence in the system. The method is then applied to a study case.
Cumulative Sum Charts and Charting for Quality Improvement

or nonparametric. Some of the material is well known, such as exact significance levels for tests in contingency tables and other nonparametric tests. Other material, not so familiar, derives from concepts introduced by the author and coworkers in recent years. Computer programs for executing the exact procedures are discussed throughout the book. The book contains 10 chapters and an appendix. Chapters 1 and 2 provide a relatively self-contained overview of statistical inference, but without details of proofs. Chapter 3 presents basic methods for inference about the mean, variance, and quantiles of normal distributions. Bayesian methods are discussed. Chapter 4 contains material on basic nonparametric methods, with reference to exact permutation tests as computed by StatExact and TESTIMATE. Tests in contingency tables also are covered in Chapter 4 with reference to StatExact, TESTIMATE, and other packages. Chapter 4 is well presented with just enough theoretical derivation to give the reader an appreciation of how exact p values can be computed. In Chapter 5, Weerahandi de nes and illustrates the concepts of generalized test variable and generalized p value. These ideas distinguish this book from all others. The framework is this: X is a random vector with probability distribution F4x3 †5, where † = 4ˆ1 „5 is a vector of unknown parameters. ˆ is the parameter of interest, and „ is a nuisance parameter. In standard approaches to deriving test statistics in the presence of nuisance parameters, such as generalized likelihood ratio, one is often left with only an approximate probability distribution for the test statistic under the null hypothesis. Basically, Weerahandi strives to overcome the dif culty of nuisance parameters in hypothesis testing by de ning a generalized test variable as a function T = T4X3x1 †5, which has the properties that the probability distribution of T is free of nuisance parameters when ˆ is known, and Pr4T < t3 ˆ5 is a monotonic function of ˆ for any given t. This leads to a corresponding de nition of a generalized p value. Exactness follows from assumed properties of the test variable. Examples are presented for situations involving normal and exponential distributions. In Chapter 6 the concepts introduced in Chapter 5 are extended to generalized condence intervals with exact con dence coef cients. The methods presented in Chapters 5 and 6 are extended to comparisons of two normal distributions in Chapter 7 and ANOVA-type situations in Chapter 8. They are extended to mixed models in Chapter 9 and regression applications in Chapter 10. Several examples illustrate the methods, and it is clear how they can be useful. However, it is not obvious how to identify a general approach to implementation. Each situation seems to require its own manipulation. This is a well written and interesting book. Its uniqueness may preclude it from being widely adopted as a textbook for standard curriculum, although it would be useful as a supplemental textbook for an inference or linear models course. It should belong to every institutional library.
The split orbicularis myomucosal flap for lower lip reconstruction.

OBJECTIVES To describe the split orbicularis myomucosal flap and to review our center's experience with this technique for large defects of the lower lip. METHODS All patients presenting to the senior author (Y.D.) for lower lip reconstruction using this flap were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. RESULTS A total of 14 patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean, 3.4 years; range, 6 months to 5 years) underwent lower lip reconstruction using the split orbicularis myomucosal flap from May 1999 to May 2004. Twelve of the defects arose as a result of cancer resection (squamous cell carcinoma [n = 8], basal cell carcinoma [n = 3], and melanoma [n = 1]), and 2 arose secondary to trauma. The defect crossed the vermilion in two thirds of the cases, extending for a variable distance onto the cutaneous portion of the lower lip. The defect size varied from 50% to 80% of the transverse dimension of the lower lip (mean, 68%) and involved the commissure in 4 patients. There were no flap failures, facial nerve palsies or paralyses, oral incompetence, or need for scar revision in any of our study population. CONCLUSION The split orbicularis myomucosal flap is a reliable method of reconstructing significant defects of up to 80% of the lower lip with minimal risks of microstomia or functional impairment.