Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BMP signaling dynamics in embryonic orofacial tissue

The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family represents a class of signaling molecules, that plays key roles in morphogenesis, cell proliferation, survival and differentiation during normal development. Members of this family are essential for the development of the mammalian orofacial region where they regulate cell proliferation, extracellular matrix synthesis, and cellular differentiation. Perturbation of any of these processes results in orofacial clefting. Embryonic orofacial tissue expresses BMP mRNAs, their cognate proteins, and BMP‐specific receptors in unique temporo‐spatial patterns, suggesting functional roles in orofacial development. However, specific genes that function as downstream mediators of BMP action during orofacial ontogenesis have not been well defined. In the current study, elements of the Smad component of the BMP intracellular signaling system were identified and characterized in embryonic orofacial tissue and functional activation of the Smad pathway by BMP2 and BMP4 was demonstrated. BMP2 and BMP4‐initiated Smad signaling in cells derived from embryonic orofacial tissue was found to result in: (1) phosphorylation of Smads 1 and 5; (2) nuclear translocation of Smads 1, 4, and 5; (3) binding of Smads 1, 4, and 5 to a consensus Smad binding element (SBE)‐containing oligonucleotide; (4) transactivation of transfected reporter constructs, containing BMP‐inducible Smad response elements; and (5) increased expression at transcriptional as well as translational levels of Id3 (endogenous gene containing BMP receptor‐specific Smad response elements). Collectively, these data document the existence of a functional Smad‐mediated BMP signaling system in cells of the developing murine orofacial region. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 771–779, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The object-oriented hypermedia design model

H ypermedia applications typically include complex information , and may allow sophisticated navigation behavior. The Object-Oriented Hypermedia Design Method (OOHDM) [4] uses abstraction and composition mechanisms in an object-oriented framework to, on one hand, allow a concise description of complex information items, and on the other hand, allow the specification of complex navigation patterns and interface transformations. In OOHDM, a hypermedia application is built in a four-step process supporting an incremental or prototype process model. Each step focuses on a particular design concern, and an object-oriented model is built. Classification, aggregation and generalization/specialization are used throughout the process to enhance abstraction power and reuse opportunities. Figure 1 summarizes the steps, products , mechanisms and design concerns in OOHDM. Domain Analysis In this step a conceptual model of the application domain is built using well-known object-oriented modeling principles [3], augmented with some primitives such as attribute perspectives (multiple-valued attributes, similar to HDM perspectives [1]). Conceptual classes may be built using aggregation and generalization/special-ization hierarchies. There is no concern for the types Abstract interface objects, responses to external events, interface transformations Running application
The effect of music training on unimanual and bimanual responses

Music cognition is closely related with some types of nonmusical cognition. Music training improves musical cognitive abilities, and also influences nonmusical abilities, especially motor skills. Through simple tapping tasks using visual stimuli, we explored whether music training had an effect on unimanual and bimanual responses and whether there were differences in bimanual synchrony between different types of musicians (pianists and singers) and non-musicians. The results showed that participants reacted more quickly in the unimanual condition than in the bimanual condition, and participants in the pianist group tapped more quickly than those in the non-musician group. Moreover, participants in musician groups had better bimanual synchrony compared with those in the non-musician groups.
Knowledge work as organizational behavior

Knowledge work has been defined as a profession, a characteristic of individuals, and as an individual activity. We review and critique these definitions of knowledge work and propose that knowledge work is best understood as discretionary behavior in organizations. As such, knowledge work is understood to comprise the creation of knowledge, the application of knowledge, the transmission of knowledge, and the acquisition of knowledge. Each of these activities is seen as a discretionary behavior. Employees are likely to engage in knowledge work to the extent that they have the (a) ability, (b) motivation, and (c) opportunity to do so. The task of managing knowledge work is focused on establishing these conditions. Organizational characteristics such as transformational leadership, job design, social interaction and organizational culture are identified as potential predictors of ability, motivation and opportunity. Implications for further research and practice are identified.
Abnormal peripheral chemokine profile in Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both neurological and systemic abnormalities. Immune activation is a well-established feature of the HD brain and we have previously demonstrated a widespread, progressive innate immune response detectable in plasma throughout the course of HD. In the present work we used multiplex ELISA to quantify levels of chemokines in plasma from controls and subjects at different stages of HD. We found an altered chemokine profile tracking with disease progression, with significant elevations of five chemokines (eotaxin-3, MIP-1β, eotaxin, MCP-1 and MCP-4) while three (eotaxin-3, MIP-1β and eotaxin) showed significant linear increases across advancing disease stages. We validated our results in a separate sample cohort including subjects at different stages of HD. Here we saw that chemokine levels (MCP-1 and eotaxin) correlated with clinical scores. We conclude that, like cytokines, chemokines may be linked to the pathogenesis of HD, and that immune molecules may be valuable in tracking and exploring the pathogenesis of HD.
Age of conduct disorder onset and comorbid anxiety and depression

The relationship between age of onset for conduct disorder (CD) and the externalizing disorder attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well researched. However, little is known about associations between age of CD onset and comorbid internalizing disorders. This study examined whether age of CD onset significantly predicted the presence of a comorbid mood or anxiety disorder in a community-based sample of adolescents (n = 147). Results showed each one-year increase in age of CD onset was significantly associated with increased probability of comorbid depression, but not significantly associated with the probability of a comorbid anxiety disorder. Analyses were replicated in subsamples of youth with (n = 77) and without (n = 70) ADHD. The significant positive relationship between age of CD onset and comorbid depression held in youth with ADHD only, while a negative relationship with anxiety emerged as significant in youth without ADHD.
Gender Identity Disorders in Prisons: What Are the Legal Implications for Prison Mental Health Professionals and Administrators?

In 2009, two Idaho prisoners with gender identity disorders (GIDs) settled lawsuits against the Department of Corrections for failing to treat properly their conditions. Prisoners in other states have also sued prison officials for failing to treat their GIDs. Initially, the courts held that prisoners with GIDs did not have a serious mental disorder and thus were not entitled to treatment. However, later courts have held that a GID is a serious medical problem, which implicates the Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that requires treatment for prisoners’ serious medical problems. No court, however, has ordered sex-reassignment surgery for any transsexual prisoner, despite holding that GID is a serious medical problem. This issue presents an interesting dilemma for the law and has implications for prison mental health professionals and prison administrators. The authors elaborate on these issues and discuss policy implications.
A Probabilistic Framework for Learning Kinematic Models of Articulated Objects

Robots operating in domestic environments generally need to interact with articulated objects, such as doors, cabinets, dishwashers or fridges. In this work, we present a novel, probabilistic framework for modeling articulated objects as kinematic graphs. Vertices in this graph correspond to object parts, while edges between them model their kinematic relationship. In particular, we present a set of parametric and non-parametric edge models and how they can robustly be estimated from noisy pose observations. We furthermore describe how to estimate the kinematic structure and how to use the learned kinematic models for pose prediction and for robotic manipulation tasks. We finally present how the learned models can be generalized to new and previously unseen objects. In various experiments using real robots with different camera systems as well as in simulation, we show that our approach is valid, accurate and efficient. Further, we demonstrate that our approach has a broad set of applications, in particular for the emerging fields of mobile manipulation and service robotics.
[Impact of the anxiety characteristics and depression on clinical aspects and quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome].

BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression have been related with seeking medical care by IBS patients, however their impact over the clinical characteristics and health related quality of life (HRQOL) of the patients, is unknown. AIMS To evaluate the impact of these traits over the symptoms, number of consultations and HRQOL in IBS. METHODS Consecutive moderate to severe IBS-Rome I patients that consulted a reference center in Mexico City, answered the HAD, a Bowel Symptom Questionnaire and the SF-36. Patients were compared according to the presence or absence of anxiety or depression. RESULTS Anxiety was found in 70%, depression in 46% and both traits among 40%. The majority of those with depression were single compared to a married majority in those without this trait (p = 0.03). Those with anxiety (p = 0.03) and depression (p = 0.006) reported more number of days with abdominal pain/ discomfort and both traits (p = 0.000) were associated with a higher frequency of fullness, distention, abdominal pain, incomplete evacuation, abnormal bowel movements and lower HRQOL. Patients with anxiety reported a more severe IBS and those with depression a higher frequency of diarrhea predominance (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Traits anxiety and depression negatively impacted over the number of days, symptom frequency and HRQOL of patients with moderate to severe IBS. More studies are needed to determine if these psychological symptoms are causing these outcomes or if the gastrointestinal symptoms and poor HRQOL are triggering anxiety and depression in IBS.
Adult Male Replacement in Socially Monogamous Equatorial Saki Monkeys (Pithecia aequatorialis)

Sakis (genus Pithecia) commonly live in socially monogamous groups, but data from wild populations on group dynamics and on the turnover of reproductive-age animals are rare. Here we describe the replacement of the adult male in one group of sakis in the Ecuadorian Amazon following the death of the initial resident. We use 354 h of focal behavioral data to describe differences in the spatial relationships among group members before and after the replacement and to examine changes in the rate of male-to-female grooming, aggression, scent marking and vocalization. Interactions with extragroup individuals within the group’s home range were more frequent during and after the replacement than before. The presence of such additional animals during periods of reproductive turnover may explain at least some reported observations of saki groups with more than 1 reproductive-age male or female.
Family Work

The purpose of this article is to use a distributive justice approach to understand women's sense of fairness about family work. Previous research on family work is reviewed and organized around three factors that contribute to sense of fairness: Outcome values, comparison referents, and justifications. Women sense an injustice if they lack some outcome they desire, have a high standard for comparison, and believe there is no acceptable justification for being deprived of desired outcomes. To understand women's sense of fairness, researchers need to consider (a) valued outcomes other than time and tasks, (b) between-and within-gender comparison referents, and (c) gender-specific justifications for men's small contribution to family work.
Cross-Language Document Summarization Based on Machine Translation Quality Prediction

Cross-language document summarization is a task of producing a summary in one language for a document set in a different language. Existing methods simply use machine translation for document translation or summary translation. However, current machine translation services are far from satisfactory, which results in that the quality of the cross-language summary is usually very poor, both in readability and content. In this paper, we propose to consider the translation quality of each sentence in the English-to-Chinese cross-language summarization process. First, the translation quality of each English sentence in the document set is predicted with the SVM regression method, and then the quality score of each sentence is incorporated into the summarization process. Finally, the English sentences with high translation quality and high informative-ness are selected and translated to form the Chinese summary. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach.
Toward speech text recognition for comic books

Speech text in comic books is placed and written in a particular manner by the letterers which raises unusual challenges for text recognition. We first detail these challenges and present different approaches to solve them. We compare the performances of generic versus specifically trained OCR systems for typewritten and handwritten text lines from French comic books. This work is evaluated over a subset of public (eBDtheque) and private (Sequencity) datasets. We demonstrate that generic OCR systems perform best on typewritten-like and lowercase fonts while specifically trained OCR can be very powerful on skewed, uppercase and even cursive fonts.
Efficient Keyword-Query Cleaning in Relational Databases

Databases often cannot find answers to keyword queries due to inconsistencies in the data or typos in the queries. Solving this problem requires e fficient techniques to clean keywords in queries. In this paper we systematically study di fferent approaches to cleaning keyword queries in relational databases. We first c onsider applications where we can support queries outside a database. We develop a query engine with various important operators f or answering queries by relaxing keywords. We focus on an ope rator that suggests several related keywords for a query keyword. This operator is critical to query cleaning and tends to be co mputationally expensive. We develop novel algorithms for impl ementing this operator e fficiently, by considering both the similarity between keywords and the importance of a suggested keyword. We also consider applications that require query cleaning i nside an existing database. We study di fferent alternatives for leveraging existing DBMS features s uch as user-defined functions and auxiliary tables for answering keyword queries. We conduct ed thorough experiments on real data sets and report the obse rvations on the performance, limitations, and tradeo ffs of the di fferent approaches.
Synergistic Expression of the CXCL10 Gene in Response to IL-1β and IFN-γ Involves NF-κB, Phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701, and Acetylation of Histones H3 and H4

The CXCL10 gene encodes a peptide that chemoattracts a variety of leukocytes associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to determine the molecular mechanisms required for expression of the CXCL10 gene in response to IL-1β and IFN-γ using rat islets and β cell lines. IL-1β induced the expression of the CXCL10 gene and promoter activity, whereas the combination of IL-1β plus IFN-γ was synergistic. Small interfering RNA–mediated suppression of NF-κB p65 markedly inhibited the ability of cytokines to induce the expression of the CXCL10 gene, whereas targeting STAT1 only diminished the synergy provided by IFN-γ. Furthermore, we found that a JAK1 inhibitor dose dependently reduced IFN-γ–controlled CXCL10 gene expression and promoter activity, concomitant with a decrease in STAT1 phosphorylation at Tyr701. We further discovered that, although the Tyr701 phosphorylation site is inducible (within 15 min of IFN-γ exposure), the Ser727 site within STAT1 is constitutively phosphorylated. Thus, we generated single-mutant STAT1 Y701F and double-mutant STAT1 Y701F/S727A adenoviruses. Using these recombinant adenoviruses, we determined that overexpression of either the single- or double-mutant STAT1 decreased the IFN-γ–mediated potentiation of CXCL10 gene expression, promoter activity, and secretion of protein. Moreover, the Ser727 phosphorylation was neither contingent on a functional Y701 site in β cells nor was it required for cytokine-mediated expression of the CXCL10 gene. We conclude that the synergism of IL-1β and IFN-γ to induce expression of the CXCL10 gene requires NF-κB, STAT1 phosphorylated at Tyr701, recruitment of coactivators, and acetylation of histones H3 and H4.
Robust Transmission Network Expansion Planning With Uncertain Renewable Generation and Loads

This paper presents a robust optimization approach for transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) under uncertainties of renewable generation and load. Unlike conventional stochastic programming, the proposed approach does not require knowledge of the probability distribution of the uncertain net injections; rather the uncertainties of the net injections are specified by a simple uncertainty set. The solution algorithm is exact and produces expansion plans that are robust against all possible realizations of the net injections defined in the uncertainty set; it is based on a Benders decomposition scheme that iterates between a master problem that minimizes the cost of the expansion plan and a slave problem that minimizes the maximum curtailment of load and renewable generation. The paper demonstrates that when adopting the dc load flow model, both the master and the dual slave can be formulated as mixed-integer linear programs for which commercial solvers exist. Numerical results on several networks with uncertainties in their loads and renewable generation show that the proposed approach produces solutions that are superior to those from two recent techniques for robust TNEP design.
Criteria for pedagogical reusability of learning objects enabling adaptation and individualised learning processes

Learning objects (LOs) enables an individual and adaptive learning process provided by learning content management system (LCMS) or realised on the micro level by an individual learning object. The adaptive use of LOs sets up demands for LOs; they have to be highly reusable, but still not pedagogically empty or meaningless pieces of content information. Instruction with an adaptive and individual learning process consisting of LOs has to be based on the design of the learner's learning process (B. Sridharan and Kinshuk, 2003 and P. Silander and H. Koli, 2003). Learning objects are linked to a total learning process by the pedagogical interface and pedagogical functions of LOs. This paper provides the criteria for pedagogical reusability of LOs based on the case analysis of existing LOs and theoretical examination of some existing usability models and evaluation criteria for digital learning materials. The criteria for pedagogical reusability of LOs are needed as a basis for designing adaptive learning systems and learning objects used with an adaptive system or with a LCMS (learning content management system)(B. Chapman and B. Hall, 2001).
Generating Race, Gender, and Other Subgroup Data in Personnel Selection Simulations: A Pervasive Issue with a Simple Solution

In the past 25 years, organizational researchers and practitioners have relied heavily on computer simulation research to understand how group mean differences and correlations affect overall validity and adverse impact in protected groups (e.g., racial/ethnic groups and gender) as they relate to personnel selection practices. We point out a multilevel issue affecting nearly all past simulations: The total correlations that these simulations intended to specify are somewhat distorted after group mean differences were introduced into the data. Although this distorting effect is minimal in most cases, it matters in some cases, and after all, the main virtue of statistical simulations is precision, both in the population parameters and sample data and statistics those parameters are supposed to generate. We demonstrate this distorting effect through one specific example, based on multiple predictors and meta-analytic data, followed by a broader simulation for single predictors across a wide variety of selection conditions. Rather than merely point out this problem, we also provide a straightforward solution: multilevel formulas that incorporate both between- and within-group correlations that always correct for this biasing problem, yielding more accurate simulation results. We conclude by discussing applications and promising extensions of this work.
Expression and assembly of a fully active antibody in algae

Although combinatorial antibody libraries have solved the problem of access to large immunological repertoires, efficient production of these complex molecules remains a problem. Here we demonstrate the efficient expression of a unique large single-chain (lsc) antibody in the chloroplast of the unicellular, green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We achieved high levels of protein accumulation by synthesizing the lsc gene in chloroplast codon bias and by driving expression of the chimeric gene using either of two C. reinhardtii chloroplast promoters and 5′ and 3′ RNA elements. This lsc antibody, directed against glycoprotein D of the herpes simplex virus, is produced in a soluble form by the alga and assembles into higher order complexes in vivo. Aside from dimerization by disulfide bond formation, the antibody undergoes no detectable posttranslational modification. We further demonstrate that accumulation of the antibody can be modulated by the specific growth regime used to culture the alga, and by the choice of 5′ and 3′ elements used to drive expression of the antibody gene. These results demonstrate the utility of alga as an expression platform for recombinant proteins, and describe a new type of single chain antibody containing the entire heavy chain protein, including the Fc domain.