Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linear Kernels and Single-Exponential Algorithms Via Protrusion Decompositions

We present a linear-time algorithm to compute a decomposition scheme for graphs G that have a set X⊆V(G), called a treewidth-modulator, such that the treewidth of G − X is bounded by a constant. Our decomposition, called a protrusion decomposition, is the cornerstone in obtaining the following two main results. Our first result is that any parameterized graph problem (with parameter k) that has a finite integer index and such that Yes-instances have a treewidth-modulator of size O(k) admits a linear kernel on the class of H-topological-minor-free graphs, for any fixed graph H. This result partially extends previous meta-theorems on the existence of linear kernels on graphs of bounded genus and H-minor-free graphs. Let F be a fixed finite family of graphs containing at least one planar graph. Given an n-vertex graph G and a non-negative integer k, Planar-F-Deletion asks whether G has a set X⊆V(G) such that |X| ⩽ k and G − X is H-minor-free for every H ε F. As our second application, we present the first single-exponential algorithm to solve Planar-F-Deletion. Namely, our algorithm runs in time 2O(k) · n2, which is asymptotically optimal with respect to k. So far, single-exponential algorithms were only known for special cases of the family F.
Description and Evaluation of the Job Designs Project for Adolescents and Young Adults with Emotional or Behavioral Disorders

This article describes the Job Designs Project, a 3-year model demonstration effort that provided vocational services to adolescents and young adults with emotional or behavioral disorders. Vocational trainers offered job placement, training, and support to the participants. Of the 58 participants, 46 (79%) secured competitive work and 17 of the 46 were placed in multiple job placements, resulting in a total of 78 competitive jobs. Of the 78 jobs, 51 (65%) ended successfully (e.g., the worker quit the job appropriately) and 27 (35%) ended unsuccessfully (e.g., termination or the worker quit inappropriately). A total of 17 (37%) workers were fired from jobs and 28 (61%) were fired or quit a job inappropriately. Correlational analyses revealed that four variables were associated with program success or failure: history of alcohol/substance abuse, history of running away from residential placements, use of alcohol/substances while in the program, and social problems with work supervisors and/or co-workers. Surveys of the employers who hired a worker from Job Designs indicated that they were favorably impressed with the project and its staff. Participants interviewed at exit from the program reported that, overall, they were satisfied with their own program experiences. Drawing from these results and experiences, suggestions are made for conducting effective vocational programs for this population and for future research.
Morphology, Composition, and Bioactivity of Strontium-Doped Brushite Coatings Deposited on Titanium Implants via Electrochemical Deposition

Surface modification techniques have been applied to generate titanium implant surfaces that promote osseointegration for use in dental applications. In this study, strontium-doped brushite coatings were deposited on titanium by electrochemical deposition. The phase composition of the coating was investigated by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The surface morphologies of the coatings were studied through scanning electron microscopy, and the cytocompatibility and bioactivity of the strontium-doped brushite coatings were evaluated using cultured osteoblasts. Osteoblast proliferation was enhanced by the addition of strontium, suggesting a possible mechanism by which strontium incorporation in brushite coatings increased bone formation surrounding the implants. Cell growth was also strongly influenced by the composition of the deposited coatings, with a 10% Sr-doped brushite coating inducing the greatest amount of bone formation among the tested materials.
Evolution of primordial black holes in Jordan–Brans–Dicke cosmology

We consider the evolution of primordial black holes in a generalized Jordan-BransDicke cosmological model where both the Brans-Dicke scalar field and its coupling to gravity are dynamical functions determined from the evolution equations. The evaporation rate for the black holes is different from the case in standard cosmology. We show that the accretion of radiation can proceed effectively in the radiation dominated era. It follows that the black hole lifetime shortens for low initial mass, but increases considerably for larger initial mass, thus providing a mechanism for the survival of primordial black holes as candidates of dark matter. We derive a cut-off value for the initial black hole mass, below which primordial black holes evaporate out in the radiation dominated era, and above which they survive beyond the present era.
Chronic glucose infusion causes sustained increases in tubular sodium reabsorption and renal blood flow in dogs.

This study tested the hypothesis that inducing hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in dogs, by infusing glucose chronically intravenously, would increase tubular sodium reabsorption and cause hypertension. Glucose was infused for 6 days (14 mg.kg(-1). min(-1) iv) in five uninephrectomized (UNX) dogs. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal blood flow (RBF) were measured 18 h/day using DSI pressure units and Transonic flow probes, respectively. Urinary sodium excretion (UNaV) decreased significantly on day 1 and remained decreased over the 6 days, coupled with a significant, sustained increase in RBF, averaging approximately 20% above control on day 6. Glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin activity (PRA) also increased. However, although MAP tended to increase, this was not statistically significant. Therefore, the glucose infusion was repeated in six dogs with 70% surgical reduction in kidney mass (RKM) and high salt intake. Blood glucose and plasma insulin increased similar to the UNX dogs, and there was significant sodium retention, but MAP still did not increase. Interestingly, the increases in PRA and RBF were prevented in the RKM dogs. The decrease in UNaV, increased RBF, and slightly elevated MAP show that glucose infusion in dogs caused a sustained increase in tubular sodium reabsorption by a mechanism independent of pressure natriuresis. The accompanying increase in PRA, together with the failure of either RBF or PRA to increase in the RKM dogs, suggests the site of tubular reabsorption was before the macula densa. However, the volume retention and peripheral edema suggest that systemic vasodilation offsets any potential renal actions to increase MAP in this experimental model in dogs.
Nested DNA inversion of Campylobacter fetus S-layer genes is recA dependent

Wild-type strains of Campylobacter fetus are covered by a monomolecular array of surface layer proteins (SLPs) critical for virulence. Each cell possesses eight SLP gene cassettes, tightly clustered in the genome, that encode SLPs of 97 to 149 kDa. Variation of SLP expression occurs by a mechanism of nested DNA rearrangement that involves the inversion of a 6.2-kb sapA promoter-containing element alone or together with one or more flanking SLP gene cassettes. The presence of extensive regions of identity flanking the 5' and 3' ends of each SLP gene cassette and of a Chi-like recognition sequence within the 5' region of identity suggests that rearrangement of SLP gene cassettes may occur by a generalized (RecA-dependent) homologous recombination pathway. To explore this possibility, we cloned C. fetus recA and created mutant strains by marker rescue, in which recA is disrupted in either S+ or S- strains. These mutants then were assessed for their abilities to alter SLP expression either in the presence or absence of a complementary shuttle plasmid harboring native recA. In contrast to all previously reported programmed DNA inversion systems, inversion in C. fetus is recA dependent.
A Network Model of Departure Time Choice with Spillovers and Merging Effects. Part I: Building Block

This paper presents a departure-time user equilibrium model that explicitly considers the most important determinants of congestion behavior in cities during the morning commute: different commuter origins, merge interactions and queue spillovers. The proposed model combines three previous works: the departure-time equilibrium theory in Vickrey (1969), the traffic flow model of Newell (1993) and the merge theory in Daganzo (1996). The paper examines the simplest possible network exhibiting the three important features and discusses the ensuing policy implications. The solution algorithm can be used as a building block for equilibrium analysis of more complex, singledestination networks with departure-time choice. The results reveal unexpected situations where ramp-metering can be beneficial, and others where the provision of more freeway storage can be counterproductive.
Learning intra-speaker model parameter correlations from many short speaker segments

Very rapid speaker adaptation algorithms, such as eigen-voices or speaker clustering, typically rely on learning intra-speaker correlations of model parameters from the training data. On the base of this a-priori knowledge, many model parameters can be successfully adapted on the basis of few observations. However, eigenvoice training or speaker clustering is non-trivial with training databases containing many short speaker segments, where for each speaker the available data to detect intra-speaker correlations is sparse. We have trained eigenvoices that yield a small but signiﬁcant word error rate reduction in on-line adaptation (i.e. self adaptation) for a telephony database with on average only 5 seconds of speech per speaker in training and test data.
Clavileño: Evolution of an autonomous car

Cars capable of driving in urban environments autonomously are today one of the most challenging topics in the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) field. This paper deals with the evolution of Clavileño -a gas propelled vehicle-in its automation process towards a fully autonomous car driving in a real word. So, the required modifications for a mass-produced car in order to equip it with automatic driving capabilities; the on-board sensor systems to analyze the environment; the autonomous guidance system as well as the cooperative maneuvers implemented and the local evaluation system are presented. The system has been tested in a controlled area with other vehicles in several experiments with good results.
Debugging through Evaluation Sequences: A Controlled Experimental Study

Predicate-based statistical fault-localization techniques locate fault-relevant predicates in a program by contrasting the statistics of the values of individual predicates between successful and failure-causing runs. While short-circuit evaluations are common in program execution, treating predicates as atomic units ignores this fact, masking out various types of important statistics. On the contrary, are such statistics useful for debugging? In this paper, we investigate experimentally the impact of the use of short-circuit evaluation information on fault localization. The results show that, by doing so, it significantly improves predicate-based statistical fault-localization techniques.
New set of exactly solvable complex potentials giving the real energies

We deform the real potential of Poeschl and Teller by a shift of its coordinate in imaginary direction. We show that the new model remains exactly solvable. Its bound states are constructed in closed form. Wave functions are complex and proportional to Jacobi polynomials. Some of them diverge in the Hermitian limit. In contrast, all their energies prove real and shift-independent. In this sense the lost Hermiticity of our family of Hamiltonians seems replaced by their accidental PT symmetry.
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE FIGURE-EFFECT IN THE THIRD DIMENSION BY THE LIGHT THRESHOLD METHOD II

This is a continuation of the previous study (The Japanese Journal of Psychology, 1967, Vol. 38) on the figure-effect in the third dimension of visual space. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of a light stimulus figure upon the various positions in the depth direction of space.The figure-effect was measured by the light threshold method: a small light point (the test light) was presented in front of the stimulus figure, and the light threshold value t of the point was measured (Fig. 1, 5 and 8). Other experimental procedures were virtually the same as those in the previous report.In view of the results of the previous study, three experiments were designed to clarify the following points.1. In experiment I, whether the gradual elevation of the threshold with increase of the depth distance from the stimulus figure can be seen in the different stimulus figure from that of previous study.2. In experiment II, how the threshold values would change depending on the distance from the stimulus figure in frontal planes parallel to the plane containing the figure.The light stimuli used in experiment I and II were line figures and the test light was presented at positions lateral-frontal to the figure.3. In experiment III, what aspects of threshold values can be seen in the frontal space within a contour figure. Large and small figures of circular contour were used as light stimuli. The threshold value was measured on the front space at each of the three positions p0, p1, p2 inside a circle as shown in Fig. 8.The results of these experiments were as follows:1. The gradual elevation of the threshold value t in proportion to the increase of the depth distance from the stimulus figure was not observed in the lateral-frontal space of the line stimulus (Fig. 2, 3 and 4). 2. The threshold values in the frontal parallel planes displayed a falling logarismic curve as the distance from the figure was increased (Fig. 6, 7). 3. In the central axis (p0) of the circle, the threshold value elevated slightly as shown in Fig. 9, 10, but at places near the contour (p1, p2), an elevation was seen clearly as shown in Fig. 11, 12.From these results, it was concluded that the figure-effects in the depth, i.e., in the third dimension, of visual space were present not only in the light stimulus of two parallel lines used in the previous study, but also in other kinds of light stimulus, and the appearance of the elevation of the threshold value depended on stimulus configuration. The other finding was that the figure-effect presented a different feature in the depth dimension from that in the frontal parallel plane of visual space. But at present, it cannot easily be concluded that the figure-effect in the depth differs from that in the frontal parallel plane in terms of its function. It is supposed that the examination of the mechanism of the two effects is needed in the future.
Sympathetic Activity and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Young Women Taking Oral Contraceptives

BackgroundWe tested sympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity during the placebo or “low-hormone” phase (LH) and 2 to 3 weeks later during the “high-hormone” phase (HH) of oral contraceptive (OC) use in 9 women. Methods and ResultsSympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by intravenous doses of sodium nitroprusside and phenylephrine and defined as the slope relating muscle sympathetic nerve activity (by microneurography) and diastolic blood pressure. Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was defined as the slope relating R-R interval and systolic blood pressure. No difference was observed for resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity or plasma norepinephrine levels. However, sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity was greater and mean arterial pressure was higher during the LH than in the HH phase. Similarly, cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity was greater in the LH than in the HH phase. ConclusionsSympathetic and cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivities change during the 28-day course of OC use. Furthermore, changes in baroreflex sensitivity with OC differ from changes in baroreflex sensitivity during the normal menstrual cycle.
Markov chains with discontinuous drifts have differential inclusions limits. Application to stochastic stability and mean field approximation.

In this paper, we study deterministic limits of Markov processes having discontinuous drifts. While most results assume that the limiting dynamics is continuous, we show that these conditions are not necessary to prove convergence to a deterministic system. More precisely, we show that under mild assumptions, the stochastic system is a stochastic approximation algorithm with constant step size that converges to a differential inclusion. This differential inclusion is obtained by convexifying the rescaled drift of the Markov chain. This generic convergence result is used to compute stability conditions of stochastic systems, via their fluid limits. It is also used to analyze systems where discontinuous dynamics arise naturally, such as queueing systems with boundary conditions or with threshold control policies, via mean field approximations.
Nonlinear Attitude Control of Spacecraft with a captured asteroid

One of the main control challenges of National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s proposed Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is to stabilize and control the attitude of the spacecraft-asteroid combination in the presence of large uncertainty in the physical model of a captured asteroid. We present a new robust nonlinear tracking control law that guarantees global exponential convergence of the system’s attitude trajectory to the desired attitude trajectory. In the presence of modeling errors and disturbances, this control law is finite-gain L_p stable and input-to-state stable. We also present a few extensions of this control law, such as exponential tracking control on SO(3) and integral control, and show its relation to the well-known tracking control law for Euler-Lagrangian systems. We show that the resultant disturbance torques for control laws that use feed-forward cancellation is comparable to the maximum control torque of the conceptual ARM spacecraft and such control laws are therefore not suitable. We then numerically compare the performance of multiple viable attitude control laws, including the robust nonlinear tracking control law, nonlinear adaptive control, and derivative plus proportional-derivative linear control. We conclude that under very small modeling uncertainties, which can be achieved using online system identification, the robust nonlinear tracking control law that guarantees globally exponential convergence to the fuel-optimal reference trajectory is the best strategy as it consumes the least amount of fuel. On the other hand, in the presence of large modeling uncertainties and actuator saturations, a simple derivative plus proportional-derivative (D+PD) control law is effective, and the performance can be further improved by using the proposed nonlinear tracking control law that tracks a (D+PD)-control-based desired attitude trajectory. We conclude this paper with specific design guidelines for the ARM spacecraft for efficiently stabilizing a tumbling asteroid and spacecraft combination.
Factors in Causal Explanation

The construction of explanations is a key process in human understanding, having many applications for internal tasks such as learning through to external tasks such as diagnosis and image interpretation. In this paper we introduce ve orthogonal dimensions along which any explanation task can be characterised and show how their identiication gives rise to a new model of explanation construction and evaluation. The identiication of these dimensions is important because any system that attempts to model the explanation capability of humans must incorporate some notion of each dimension. In addition the dimensions help to identify the type of knowledge human reasoners and hence any com-monsense reasoning system must possess. We argue that the exibility of the explanation process introduced above means that backward chaining algorithms from the event to be explained should still be an important topic of research in AI.
A Sub-Nyquist Radar Prototype: Hardware and Algorithms

Traditional radar sensing typically involves matched filtering between the received signal and the shape of the transmitted pulse. Under the confinement of classic sampling theorem this requires that the received signals must first be sampled at twice the baseband bandwidth, in order to avoid aliasing. The growing demands for target distinction capability and spatial resolution imply significant growth in the bandwidth of the transmitted pulse. Thus, correlation based radar systems require high sampling rates, and with the large amounts of data sampled also necessitate vast memory capacity. In addition, real-time processing of the data typically results in high power consumption. Recently, new approaches for radar sensing and detection were introduced, based on the Finite Rate of Innovation and Xampling frameworks. These techniques allow significant reduction in sampling rate, implying potential power savings, while maintaining the system's detection capabilities at high enough SNR. Here we present for the first time a design and implementation of a Xampling-based hardware prototype that allows sampling of radar signals at rates much lower than Nyquist. We demostrate by real-time analog experiments that our system is able to maintain reasonable detection capabilities, while sampling radar signals that require sampling at a rate of about 30MHz at a total rate of 1Mhz.
Annual Survey of Industries – Some Prescriptions for Improvement By Shri A

Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) is the major source of industrial data for the organized sector in the country. It is indeed ironic that despite existence of a well-developed ASI system for over four decades, with an extensive field set-up as well as having a statutory support for collection of such data, it is actually the IIP (Index of Industrial Production) data (quick estimates) that gets precedence in projecting the industrial growth in the country. It seems inadequate efforts to reform a potentially strong ASI especially to meet specific data expectations in the emerging development scenario including providing data at certain intervals and with in a stipulated time frame, has undermined its effective use. This paper attempts to discuss some important issues related to ASI and prescribes measures to improve its effectiveness. These include simplification of schedules, identification of information needs to envisage appropriate data layers, rationalization of sampling design including analysis of selection criterion, review of scope and coverage, progressive use of modern information technology both in data collection and for conducting data scrutiny, development of suitable feedback system. There is a challenge not only to reform ASI system but also to act fast to exploit full potential, in order to meet rapidly growing information needs, particularly reliable and timely data, in future.