Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Familial Depressive Symptoms and Delinquency: Separate Self-Reports From Mothers and Their Offspring

Research has documented that both unipolar and bipolar depression are positively correlated with involvement in delinquency and crime. The present study sought to broaden the understanding of these relationships by looking for links between offending and family histories of depressive symptoms in relationship to offspring delinquency. More than 6,000 college students and their mothers provided self-reported information regarding feelings of depression. Students provided self-reports of involvement in various categories of offending and drug use from ages 10 through 18. Numerous significant positive correlations were found between general feelings of depression and of manic depression and involvement in delinquency. The depression–delinquency relationships were strongest when considering offspring themselves, although maternal depression symptoms were also associated with various forms of offspring delinquency and drug use. To help assess the causal chains that might be involved, multiple regression and mediation analysis revealed that parental depression enhanced the probability of offspring feeling depressed and may have thereby contributed to offspring being delinquent, particularly in the case of manic depression. This study reconfirmed the well-established relationship between depression and involvement in delinquency and drug use, and suggests that it extends back to parental forms of depression, especially by the mother.
Positional relationship between the pectoralis major and external abdominal oblique muscles for consideration during dual‐plane breast augmentation

During dual plane breast augmentation (DPBA), the costal origin of the pectoralis major (the PM) should be cut to ensure appropriate coverage and positioning of an implant. However, surgeons sometimes make inappropriate planar incisions and insufficient muscular incisions because the external abdominal oblique (the EAO) muscle partially overlaps the lateral portion of the PM. The goal of this study was to clarify the positional relationship between the PM and EAO with the aim of improving the accuracy of implant and muscular incisions during DPBA. Forty sides of 20 embalmed and fresh cadavers were dissected. The midline and midclavicular line (MCL) were used as reference lines for measurements. We clarified the overlapping patterns between the PM and EAO, and measured the distances from the MCL to the borders of those two muscles. The costal part of the PM originated from the 5th (25%), 6th (70%), or 7th rib (5%), respectively. The distances from the MCL to the lateral border of the PM at the 4th, 5th, and 6th ribs were 49.8 mm, 30.5 mm, and 6.3 mm, respectively. In 90% of the specimens, the PM and the EAO overlapped near the MCL. The width of the overlapping portion between the PM and EAO was about 25 mm. This study is one of the first to suggest an innovative approach for explaining the positional relationships between the PM and EAO. Our findings can be useful for surgeons attempting to produce optimal outcomes in DPBA, especially in procedures that involve patients of different races. Clin. Anat. 31:339–346, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Damage Detection of a Concrete Based on the Autoregressive All-pole Model Parameters and Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Over the past few decades, damage identification in structural components has been the crucial concern in quality assessment and load capacity rating of infrastructure, as well as in the planning of a maintenance schedule. In this regard, structural health monitoring based on efficient tools to identify the damages in early stages has been focused by researchers to prevent sudden failure in structural components, ensure the public safety and reducing the asset management costs. Therefore, the development and application of sensing technologies and data analysis using machine learning approaches to enable the automatic detection of cracks have become very important. The purpose of this research is to develop a robust method for automatic condition assessment of real-life concrete structures for the detection of relatively small cracks at early stages. A damage identification approach is proposed using the parametric modeling and machine learning approaches to analyze the sensors data. The data obtained from transducers mounted on concrete beams under static loading in laboratory. These data are used as the input parameters. The method relies only on the measured time responses. After filtering and normalization of the data, Autoregressive all-pole model parameters (Yule-Walker method) are considered as features and used as the inputs of a newly developed Self-Advising Support Vector Machine (SA-SVM) for the classification purpose in civil Engineering area. Finally, the results are compared with traditional methods to investigate the feasibility of our proposed method. It is demonstrated that the presented method can reliably detect the crack in the structure and thereby enable the real-time infrastructure health monitoring.
Diagnostic Performance of %[-2]proPSA and Prostate Health Index for Prostate Cancer: Prospective, Multi-institutional Study

Background We evaluated the clinical performance of [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives in predicting the presence and aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) in Korean men. Methods A total of 246 men with total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) ≥ 3.5 ng/mL who underwent their first prostate biopsy were included in this prospective, multicenter, observational study. Diagnostic accuracy of tPSA, free-to-total PSA ratio (%fPSA), p2PSA, %p2PSA, and the Beckman Coulter prostate health index (PHI) was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and logistic regression analyses. Results Overall, PCa was detected in 125 (50.8%) subjects. In men with tPSA 3.5–10 ng/mL, the detection rate of PCa was 39.4% (61/155). In this group, PHI and %p2PSA were the most accurate predictors of PCa and significantly outperformed tPSA and %fPSA; area under the curve for tPSA, %fPSA, %p2PSA, and PHI was 0.56, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.76, respectively. PHI was also the strongest predictor of PCa with Gleason score ≥ 7. Conclusion This study demonstrates the superior clinical performance of %p2PSA and PHI in predicting the presence and aggressiveness of PCa in Korean men. The %p2PSA and PHI appear to improve detection of PCa and provide prognostic information.
AKT Inhibition Promotes Nonautonomous Cancer Cell Survival

Small molecule inhibitors of AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) signaling are being evaluated in patients with various cancer types, but have so far proven therapeutically disappointing for reasons that remain unclear. Here, we treat cancer cells with subtherapeutic doses of Akti-1/2, an allosteric small molecule AKT inhibitor, in order to experimentally model pharmacologic inhibition of AKT signaling in vitro. We then apply a combined RNA, protein, and metabolite profiling approach to develop an integrated, multiscale, molecular snapshot of this “AKTlow” cancer cell state. We find that AKT-inhibited cancer cells suppress thousands of mRNA transcripts, and proteins related to the cell cycle, ribosome, and protein translation. Surprisingly, however, these AKT-inhibited cells simultaneously upregulate a host of other proteins and metabolites posttranscriptionally, reflecting activation of their endo-vesiculo-membrane system, secretion of inflammatory proteins, and elaboration of extracellular microvesicles. Importantly, these microvesicles enable rapidly proliferating cancer cells of various types to better withstand different stress conditions, including serum deprivation, hypoxia, or cytotoxic chemotherapy in vitro and xenografting in vivo. These findings suggest a model whereby cancer cells experiencing a partial inhibition of AKT signaling may actually promote the survival of neighbors through non-cell autonomous communication. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(1); 142–53. ©2015 AACR.
Nerolidol, the main constituent of Piper aduncum essential oil, has anti-Leishmania braziliensis activity

SUMMARY Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a protozoan that causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, which is an infectious disease that affects more than 12 million people worldwide. The available treatment is limited, has side-effects or is inefficient. In a search for alternative compounds of natural origin, we tested the microbicidal activity of Piper aduncum essential oil (PaEO) on this parasite. Our data showed that PaEO had an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. braziliensis promastigotes with an IC50/24 h=77·9 µg mL−1. The main constituent (nerolidol: 25·22%) presented a similar inhibitory effect (IC50/24 h = 74·3 µg mL−1). Ultrastructural observation of nerolidol-treated parasites by scanning and transmission electron microscopies revealed cell shrinkage and morphological alterations in the mitochondrion, nuclear chromatin and flagellar pocket. Flow cytometry analysis showed a reduction in the cell size, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, phosphatidylserine exposure and DNA degradation, which when associated with the morphological changes indicated that nerolidol induced incidental cell death in the L. braziliensis promastigotes. The results presented here indicate that nerolidol derivatives are promising compounds for further evaluation against Leishmania parasites.
Dapagliflozin as add‐on therapy in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on insulin with or without oral antihyperglycemic drugs: A randomized controlled trial

This 24‐week Phase 3 double‐blind placebo‐controlled study assessed the safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin as add‐on to insulin, with or without oral antihyperglycemic drugs (OADs), in Asian patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
A Survey on the Evolution of the Notion of Context-Awareness

ABSTRACT The notion of context has been considered for a long time in different areas of Computer Science. This article considers the use of context-based reasoning from the earlier perspective of artificial intelligence as well as the newer developments in ubiquitous computing. Both communities have been somehow interested in the potential of context-reasoning to support real-time meaningful reactions from systems. We explain how the concept evolved in each of these different approaches. We found initially that each of them considered this topic quite independently and separated from each other; however, latest developments have started to show signs of cross-fertilization amongst these areas. The aim of our survey is to provide an understanding on the way context and context-reasoning were approached, to show that work in each area is complementary, and to highlight there are positive synergies arising amongst them. The overarching goal of this article is to encourage further and longer term synergies between those interested in further understanding and using context-based reasoning.
Valuing Lake Erie Beaches Using Value and Function Transfers

Two benefit-transfer approaches are used to estimate welfare losses from closure of Lake Erie beaches. We identify conditions for which the function transfer, which is more time-consuming and data-intensive, is worth the effort relative to a simple value transfer. The function transfer was essential for estimating beach demand (trips) and demand elasticity (change in trips); when evaluating individual beach closures with known trip demand, the two methods yielded similar results. Results produced by the two transfer methods deviated (up to 106 percent) when multiple beaches were closed simultaneously because value transfer did not account for the loss of beach substitutes.
A National Registry of Thalassemia in Turkey: Demographic and Disease Characteristics of Patients, Achievements, and Challenges in Prevention

Objective: The Turkish Society of Pediatric Hematology set up a National Hemoglobinopathy Registry to demonstrate the demographic and disease characteristics of patients and assess the efficacy of a hemoglobinopathy control program (HCP) over 10 years in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 2046 patients from 27 thalassemia centers were registered, of which 1988 were eligible for analysis. This cohort mainly comprised patients with β-thalassemia major (n=1658, 83.4%) and intermedia (n=215, 10.8%). Results: The majority of patients were from the coastal areas of Turkey. The high number of patients in Southeastern Anatolia was due to that area having the highest rates of consanguineous marriage and fertility. The most common 11 mutations represented 90% of all β-thalassemia alleles and 47% of those were IVS1-110(G->A) mutations. The probability of undergoing splenectomy within the first 10 years of life was 20%, a rate unchanged since the 1980s. Iron chelators were administered as monotherapy regimens in 95% of patients and deferasirox was prescribed in 81.3% of those cases. Deferasirox administration was the highest (93.6%) in patients aged <10 years. Of the thalassemia major patients, 5.8% had match-related hemopoietic stem cell transplantation with a success rate of 77%. Cardiac disease was detected as a major cause of death and did not show a decreasing trend in 5-year cohorts since 1999. Conclusion: While the HCP has been implemented since 2003, the affected births have shown a consistent decrease only after 2009, being at lowest 34 cases per year. This program failure resulted from a lack of premarital screening in the majority of cases. Additional problems were unawareness of the risk and misinformation of the at-risk couples. In addition, prenatal diagnosis was either not offered to or was not accepted by the at-risk families. This study indicated that a continuous effort is needed for optimizing the management of thalassemia and the development of strategies is essential for further achievements in the HCP in Turkey.
Pixelwise classification for music document analysis

Content within musical documents not only contains music symbol but also include different elements such as staff lines, text, or frontispieces. Before attempting to automatically recognize components in these layers, it is necessary to perform an analysis of the musical documents in order to detect and classify each of these constituent parts. The obstacle for this analysis is the high heterogeneity amongst music collections, especially with ancient documents, which makes it difficult to devise methods that can be generalizable to a broader range of sources. In this paper we propose a data-driven document analysis framework based on machine learning that focuses on classifying regions of interest at pixel level. For that, we make use of Convolutional Neural Networks trained to infer the category of each pixel. The main advantage of this approach is that it can be applied regardless of the type of document provided, as long as training data is available. Since this work represents first efforts in that direction, our experimentation focuses on reporting a baseline classification using our framework. The experiments show promising performance, achieving an accuracy around 90% in two corpora of old music documents.
IFN-gamma AUrich element removal promotes chronic IFN-gamma expression and autoimmunity in mice q

We generated a mouse model with a 162 nt AU-rich element (ARE) region deletion in the 30 untranslated region (30UTR) of the interferon-gamma (IFN-g) gene that results in chronic circulating serum IFN-g levels. Mice homozygous for the ARE deletion (ARE-Del) / present both serologic and cellular abnormalities typical of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). ARE-Del / mice display increased numbers of pDCs in bone marrow and spleen. Addition of IFN-g to Flt3-ligand (Flt3L) treated in vitro bone marrow cultures results in a 2-fold increase in pDCs with concurrent increases in IRF8 expression. Marginal zone B (MZB) cells and marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) are absent in ARE-Del / mice. ARE-Delþ/ mice retain both MZB cells and MZMs and develop no or mild autoimmunity. However, low dose clodronate treatment in ARE-Delþ/ mice specifically eliminates MZMs and promotes anti-DNA antibody development and glomerulonephritis. Our findings demonstrate the consequences of a chronic IFN-gmilieu on B220þ cell types and in particular the impact of MZB cell loss on MZM function in autoimmunity. Furthermore, similarities between disease states in ARE-Del / mice and SLE patients suggest that IFN-gmay not only be a product of SLE but may be critical for disease onset and progression. Published by Elsevier Ltd. the U.S. Government to retain a nonexclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright covering the article. l Immunology, Cancer & Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, 105
Face spoofing attack detection based on the behavior of noises

This paper aims to study the problem of spoofing attack detection for facial recognition systems. Real faces and falsified faces present in front of a security system (phone's camera in our case) have differences of micro-textures on their surface, which are exploited to discriminate face spoofing images. Our method exploits the statistic behavior of the distribution of noise's local variances, which performs differently between images of real faces and the fake ones. We test our method on two databases constructed in our laboratory. We used SVM for classification method. Experimental results show that the proposed method has an encouraging performance.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Maddenia hypoleuca koehne (Prunoideae, Rosaceae)

Abstract Maddenia hypoleuca Koehne belonging to family Rosaceae is a native species in China. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome was generated by de novo assembly using low coverage whole genome sequencing data and manual correction. The cp genome was 158 084 bp in length, with GC content of 36.63%. It exhibited a typical quadripartite structure: a pair of large inverted repeat regions (IRs, 26 246 bp each), a large single-copy region (LSC, 86 713 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC, 18 879 bp). A total of 114 genes were predicted, which included 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. hypoleuca is most closely related to Prunus padus within the Prunoideae subfamily, which conforms to the traditional classification.
Illuminator of opportunity selection for passive radar

Passive radar can obtain performance benefits by using multiple receivers and multiple illuminators of opportunity (IOO). However, employing a large number of IOOs is costly in terms of hardware. Thus, it is sometimes necessary to limit the total number of selected IOOs. The IOO selection scheme for maximizing target detection performance is studied in this paper, under the assumption that the number of IOOs that can be selected at each receiver is limited. An IOO selection algorithm based on maximizing the Kullback-Leibler (KL) distance is presented, which requires much lower computational complexity compared with the exhaustive search method and is shown to lead to a detection performance that is close enough to that of the optimal selection.
Energetics of hydrogen bonds in peptides

Hydrogen bonds and their relative strengths in proteins are of importance for understanding protein structure and protein motions. The correct strength of such hydrogen bonds is experimentally known to vary greatly from ≈5–6 kcal/mol for the isolated bond to ≈0.5–1.5 kcal/mol for proteins in solution. To estimate these bond strengths, here we suggest a direct novel kinetic procedure. This analyzes the timing of the trajectories of a properly averaged dynamic ensemble. Here we study the observed rupture of these hydrogen bonds in a molecular dynamics calculation as an alternative to using thermodynamics. This calculation is performed for the isolated system and contrasted with results for water. We find that the activation energy for the rupture of the hydrogen bond in a β-sheet under isolated conditions is 4.76 kcal/mol, and the activation energy is 1.58 kcal/mol for the same β-sheet in water. These results are in excellent agreement with observations and suggest that such a direct calculation can be useful for the prediction of hydrogen bond strengths in various environments of interest.
'In-between' different cultures : The integration experiences and future career expectations of international degree students studying in Finland

Finnish education experienced a strong wave of internationalisation in the early 2000s. Higher education institutions in Finland (polytechnics, universities) are the most important educational level to have adopted internationalisation in their strategies. Indeed, internationalisation is seen to be at the heart of university strategies and it is appreciated as a valuable source of cultural capital (see Jones 2007). Consequently, it is embedded in the reform of research, innovation, and the higher education system in Finland, and strategic goals involving internationalisation have been included in the government programme and policy documents. This is connected to, among other things, attracting highly educated experts to Finland, preserving the country’s international competitiveness, and meeting the labour deficit caused by the ageing population.
Does locally relevant, real-time infection epidemiological data improve clinician management and antimicrobial prescribing in primary care? A systematic review

Abstract Purpose Antimicrobial resistance is a significant threat to public health. Diagnostic uncertainty is a key driver of antimicrobial prescribing. We sought to determine whether locally relevant, real-time syndromic or microbiological infection epidemiology can improve prescribing by reducing diagnostic uncertainty. Methods Eligible studies investigated effects on primary care prescribing for common infections in Organisation For Economic Co-Operation And Development countries. We searched Medline, Embase, Cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature, Web of Science, grey literature sources, thesis databases and trial registries. Results We identified 9548 reports, of which 17 were eligible, reporting 12 studies, of which 3 reported relevant outcomes. The first (observational) showed antibacterial prescribing for upper respiratory infections reduced from 26.4% to 8.6% (P = 0.01). The second (observational) showed antibacterial prescribing reduced during influenza pandemic compared with seasonal influenza periods [odds ratio (OR) 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.77), P < 0.001], while antiviral prescribing increased [OR 6.43 (95% CI, 5.02 to 8.25), P < 0.001]. The likelihood of prescribing also decreased as the number of infection cases a physician saw increased in the previous week [OR 0.57 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.63), P < 0.001 for ≥12 versus ≤1 patient). The third (randomized-controlled trial) showed an absolute reduction in antibacterial prescribing of 5.1% during a period of moderate influenza activity (P < 0.05). We did not find measures of diagnostic certainty, harms or costs. Conclusion There is promising evidence that epidemiological syndromic and microbiological data can reduce primary care antimicrobial prescribing. Future research should use randomized designs of behaviourally informed interventions, investigate costs and harms, and establish mechanisms of behaviour change. PROSPERO registration CRD42016038871.