Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical management of the avulsed tooth.

Treatment outside the dental office: Replant immediately after gentle washing if practical. If replantation is not practical, store the tooth in the best medium available. Storage media in order of preference are Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), milk, saline, and saliva (buccal vestibule). Water is the least desirable storage medium. Treatment in the office: Emergency visit; Place tooth in HBSS while exam is conducted and history is taken. Prepare socket for gentle repositioning of the tooth. Prepare the root. Extraoral dry time < 20 minutes: Closed apex--replant immediately after gentle washing. Open apex--soak in 1 mg doxycycline in 20 mg saline for 5 minutes. Extraoral dry time 20 to 60 minutes: Soak in HBSS for 30 minutes and replant. Extraoral dry time > 60 minutes: soak in citric acid, 2% stannous fluoride, and doxycycline and replant. Endodontics can be done extraorally. Semirigid splint for 7 to 10 days. (If alveolar fracture is present, rigid splint for 4 to 8 weeks). Suture soft-tissue lacerations, particularly in the cervical area. Administer systemic antibiotics (penicillin V potassium if possible) Chlorhexidine rinses and stringent oral hygiene while the splint is in place (7 to 10 days). Analgesics as required. Second visit after 7 to 10 days: Endodontic treatment: Tooth with open apex and extraoral dry time of < 60 minutes: No endodontic treatment initially. Recall every 3 to 4 weeks to examine for evidence of pathosis. If pathosis is noted, disinfect the pulp space and start apexification procedure. Tooth with open apex and extraoral dry time > 60 minutes: If endodontics was not completed in the emergency visit, start endodontics and follow apexification procedure. Tooth with closed apex: Endodontics should be initiated after 7 to 10 days. Careful chemomechanical instrumentation under strict asepsis. Splint removed at end of visit. Obturation visit: If endodontics was initiated 7 to 10 days after the avulsion, obturation can take place after short-term calcium hydroxide treatment. If endodontics was initiated more than 14 days after the avulsion or inflammatory resorption, long-term calcium hydroxide for 6 to 24 months, obturated when an intact lamina dura is traced. Restorations: Temporary restorations: Should be 4 mm deep. Reinforced zinc-oxide-eugenol, acid-etch composite resin, glass-ionomer cement. Permanent restoration: Placed immediately after obturation. Acid-etch resin and dentin bonding agents. Follow-up care: Twice per year for 3 years and yearly for as long as possible. Late complications are common.
Age, gender and sociodemographic differences in school entrants' social and emotional competence

Aim. This research aimed to establish baseline age, gender, and sociodemographic differences in school entrants’ social and emotional competence to provide an empirical base for supporting positive responses to normal development in children as they begin school, thereby promoting life-long patterns of health and wellbeing. Review of Literature. Health priorities for children in a rapidly changing society are shifting due to the changing nature of social and emotional demands, resulting in an increasing complexity of health and developmental problems. Consequently, the role of the school nurse in primary and secondary schools is expanding, with a growing focus on providing support and early interventions for social, emotional, and behavioural issues. Bullying peaks at school entry and is associated with poor outcomes of health and education for children. Supporting the development of empathy in school-aged children has been proposed as a potential solution to the problem of bullying, but pathways of normal development of empathy and aggression are uncertain. Method. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a number of reliable and valid child and teacher questionnaires. Participants comprised a sample of children across Pre-primary, Year One and Year Two classes in an independent school. Statistical analysis was conducted using bivariate analyses and linear regression. Results. Teacher reported aggression was lower with age as empathy was higher, and girls were more empathic than boys. The higher level of reported empathy was not progressive, rather it occurred between Year One and Year Two, whereas aggression was not significantly lower between Year One and Year Two. There was no gender difference in teacher reported total aggression or covert aggression, and covert aggression was not reported to be higher with age. Discussion. In the first years of school, aggression lessens while empathy increases indicating that prosocial behaviour is a developmental milestone. Because of this, school nurses must understand the importance of surrounding children with safety in relationships as they begin school; in so doing, supporting developmental pathways of protection.
Suppression of Proteoglycan-Induced Autoimmune Arthritis by Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Generated In Vitro from Murine Bone Marrow

Background Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells capable of suppressing T-cell responses. We previously reported the presence of MDSCs with a granulocytic phenotype in the synovial fluid (SF) of mice with proteoglycan (PG)-induced arthritis (PGIA), a T cell-dependent autoimmune model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the limited amount of SF-MDSCs precluded investigations into their therapeutic potential. The goals of this study were to develop an in vitro method for generating MDSCs similar to those found in SF and to reveal the therapeutic effect of such cells in PGIA. Methods Murine bone marrow (BM) cells were cultured for 3 days in the presence of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The phenotype of cultured cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, microscopy, and biochemical methods. The suppressor activity of BM-MDSCs was tested upon co-culture with activated T cells. To investigate the therapeutic potential of BM-MDSCs, the cells were injected into SCID mice at the early stage of adoptively transferred PGIA, and their effects on the clinical course of arthritis and PG-specific immune responses were determined. Results BM cells cultured in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-6, and G-CSF became enriched in MDSC-like cells that showed greater phenotypic heterogeneity than MDSCs present in SF. BM-MDSCs profoundly inhibited both antigen-specific and polyclonal T-cell proliferation primarily via production of nitric oxide. Injection of BM-MDSCs into mice with PGIA ameliorated arthritis and reduced PG-specific T-cell responses and serum antibody levels. Conclusions Our in vitro enrichment strategy provides a SF-like, but controlled microenvironment for converting BM myeloid precursors into MDSCs that potently suppress both T-cell responses and the progression of arthritis in a mouse model of RA. Our results also suggest that enrichment of BM in MDSCs could improve the therapeutic efficacy of BM transplantation in RA.
An ISCSI design over wireless network

With the trend that wireless network and mobile devices have become more and more prevalent, there is an increasing need to build a wireless storage system that can access information efficiently and correctly. iSCSI (Internet SCSI) is an important protocol to enable remote storage access through the TCP/IP network. The performance of iSCSI over wireless network is an interesting research topic due to the impacts of the low bandwidth, unreliability and long latency of the wireless network. This paper presents a new iSCSI design with the concepts of multiple virtual TCP connections in an iSCSI session and parallel working mechanism in iSCSI layer over wireless LAN 802.11b. Test results show that for small I/O request, 2K for example, multiple connection iSCSI design can achieve 112% throughput improvement compared to normal iSCSI model. The maximum throughput can reach 0.62 MB/s for big I/O (128K), which is closed to the theoretical analysis result.
Vectorized UDFs in Column-Stores

Data Scientists rely on vector-based scripting languages such as R, Python and MATLAB to perform ad-hoc data analysis on potentially large data sets. When facing large data sets, they are only efficient when data is processed using vectorized or bulk operations. At the same time, overwhelming volume and variety of data as well as parsing overhead suggests that the use of specialized analytical data management systems would be beneficial. Data might also already be stored in a database. Efficient execution of data analysis programs such as data mining directly inside a database greatly improves analysis efficiency. We investigate how these vector-based languages can be efficiently integrated in the processing model of operator--at--a--time databases. We present MonetDB/Python, a new system that combines the open-source database MonetDB with the vector-based language Python. In our evaluation, we demonstrate efficiency gains of orders of magnitude.
A simulation method for Nakagami fading channel

The Nakagami fading can descript most of the fading channels in practice. This paper introduced a new simulation method for Nakagami Fading Channel, used it to simulate the first order and second order statistic properties of Nakagami fading channel, and proved the reliability of this method. Base on the simulation of the Rayleigh fading channel, this simulation method is a new exploration of the Nakagami fading channel.
Assessing the performance of American chief complaint classifiers on Victorian syndromic surveillance data

Syndromic surveillance systems aim to support early detection of salient disease outbreaks, and to shed timely light on the size and spread of pandemic outbreaks. They can also be used more generally to monitor disease trends and provide reassurance that an outbreak has not occurred. One commonly used technique for syndromic surveillance is concerned with classifying Emergency Department data, such as chief complaints or triage notes, into a set of pre-defined syndromic groups. This paper reports our findings on the investigation of the utility and effectiveness of two existing North American methods for free-text chief complaint classification on a large data set of Australian Emergency Department triage notes, collected from two hospitals in the state of Victoria. To our knowledge, these methods have never before been analysed and compared against each other for their applicability and effectiveness on free text chief complaint classification at this scale or in the Australian context.
Uplink Macro Diversity of Limited Backhaul Cellular Network

In this work, new achievable rates are derived for the uplink channel of a cellular network with joint multicell processing (MCP), where unlike previous results, the ideal backhaul network has finite capacity per cell. Namely, the cell sites are linked to the central joint processor via lossless links with finite capacity. The new rates are based on compress-and-forward schemes combined with local decoding. Further, the cellular network is abstracted by symmetric models, which render analytical treatment plausible. For this family of idealistic models, achievable rates are presented for both Gaussian and fading channels. The rates are given in closed form for the classical Wyner model and the soft-handover model. These rates are then demonstrated to be rather close to the optimal unlimited backhaul joint processing rates, even for modest backhaul capacities, supporting the potential gain offered by the joint MCP approach. Particular attention is also given to the low-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characterization of these rates through which the effect of the limited backhaul network is explicitly revealed. In addition, the rate at which the backhaul capacity should scale in order to maintain the original high-SNR characterization of an unlimited backhaul capacity system is found.
An Improvement of LEACH Routing Protocol Based on Trust for Wireless Sensor Networks

LEACH is a hierarchy routing protocol for WSN (wireless sensor networks), which is superior to direct communication protocol, minimum-transmission-energy protocol and static clustering protocol. However, LEACH itself has some defects. In this paper LEACH-TM introduces the concept of Trust, designs the cluster-head adjusting procedure and establishes multi-path with cluster-heads acting as routers. The simulation illustrates that LEACH-TM makes much progress in the reliability of data transmission, the distribution of cluster heads and the lifetime of networks.
Constructing Linguistically Motivated Structures from Statistical Grammars

This paper discusses two Hidden Markov Models (HMM) for linking linguistically motivated XTAG grammar and the automatically extracted LTAG used by MICA parser. The former grammar is a detailed LTAG enriched with feature structures. And the latter one is a huge size LTAG that due to its statistical nature is well suited to be used in statistical approaches. Lack of an e cient parser and sparseness in the supertags set are the main obstacles in using XTAG and MICA grammars respectively. The models were trained by the standard HMM training algorithm, BaumWelch. To converge the training algorithm to a better local optimum, the initial state of the models also were estimated using two semi-supervised EM-based algorithms. The resulting accuracy of the model (about 91%) shows that the models can provide a satisfactory way for linking these grammars to share their capabilities together.
Evaluation of a Centrifuged Double Y-Shape Microfluidic Platform for Simple Continuous Cell Environment Exchange

We have demonstrated the efficacy of a microfluidic medium exchange method for single cells using passive centrifugal force of a rotating microfluidic-chip based platform. At the boundary of two laminar flows at the gathering area of two microfluidic pathways in a Y-shape, the cells were successfully transported from one laminar flow to the other, without mixing the two microfluidic mediums of the two laminar flows during cell transportation, within 5 s with 1 g (150 rpm) to 36.3 g (900 rpm) acceleration, with 93.5% efficiency. The results indicate that this is one of the most simple and precise tools for exchanging medium in the shortest amount of time.
Self-association of Calcium-binding Protein S100A4 and Metastasis*

Elevated levels of the calcium-binding protein S100A4 promote metastasis and in carcinoma cells are associated with reduced survival of cancer patients. S100A4 interacts with target proteins that affect a number of activities associated with metastatic cells. However, it is not known how many of these interactions are required for S100A4-promoted metastasis, thus hampering the design of specific inhibitors of S100A4-induced metastasis. Intracellular S100A4 exists as a homodimer through previously identified, well conserved, predominantly hydrophobic key contacts between the subunits. Here it is shown that mutating just one key residue, phenylalanine 72, to alanine is sufficient to reduce the metastasis-promoting activity of S100A4 to 50% that of the wild type protein, and just 2 or 3 specific mutations reduces the metastasis-promoting activity of S100A4 to less than 20% that of the wild type protein. These mutations inhibit the self-association of S100A4 in vivo and reduce markedly the affinity of S100A4 for at least two of its protein targets, a recombinant fragment of non-muscle myosin heavy chain isoform A, and p53. Inhibition of the self-association of S100 proteins might be a novel means of inhibiting their metastasis-promoting activities.
Molecular characterization of the complement C1q, C2 and C4 genes in Brazilian patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus

OBJECTIVE: To perform a molecular characterization of the C1q, C2 and C4 genes in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS: Patient 1 (P1) had undetectable C1q, patient 2 (P2) and patient 3 (P3) had decreased C2 and patient 4 (P4) had decreased C4 levels. All exons and non-coding regions of the C1q and C2 genes were sequenced. Mononuclear cells were cultured and stimulated with interferon gamma to evaluate C1q, C2 and C4 mRNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: C1q sequencing revealed heterozygous silent mutations in the A (c.276 A>G Gly) and C (c.126 C>T Pro) chains, as well as a homozygous single-base change in the 3′ non-coding region of the B chain (c*78 A>G). C1qA mRNA expression without interferon was decreased compared with that of healthy controls (p<0.05) and was decreased after stimulation compared with that of non-treated cells. C1qB mRNA expression was decreased compared with that of controls and did not change with stimulation. C1qC mRNA expression was increased compared with that of controls and was even higher after stimulation. P2 and P3 had Type I C2 deficiency (heterozygous 28 bp deletion at exon 6). The C2 mRNA expression in P3 was 23 times lower compared with that of controls and did not change after stimulation. The C4B mRNA expression of P4 was decreased compared with that of controls and increased after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Silent mutations and single-base changes in the 3′ non-coding regions may modify mRNA transcription and C1q production. Type I C2 deficiency should be evaluated in JSLE patients with decreased C2 serum levels. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of decreased C4B mRNA expression in JSLE pathogenesis.
STUDIES IN ASTRONOMICAL TIME SERIES ANALYSIS. VI. BAYESIAN BLOCK REPRESENTATIONS

This paper addresses the problem of detecting and characterizing local variability in time series and other forms of sequential data. The goal is to identify and characterize statistically significant variations, at the same time suppressing the inevitable corrupting observational errors. We present a simple nonparametric modeling technique and an algorithm implementing it—an improved and generalized version of Bayesian Blocks—that finds the optimal segmentation of the data in the observation interval. The structure of the algorithm allows it to be used in either a real-time trigger mode, or a retrospective mode. Maximum likelihood or marginal posterior functions to measure model fitness are presented for events, binned counts, and measurements at arbitrary times with known error distributions. Problems addressed include those connected with data gaps, variable exposure, extension to piecewise linear and piecewise exponential representations, multivariate time series data, analysis of variance, data on the circle, other data modes, and dispersed data. Simulations provide evidence that the detection efficiency for weak signals is close to a theoretical asymptotic limit derived by Arias-Castro et al. In the spirit of Reproducible Research all of the code and data necessary to reproduce all of the figures in this paper are included as supplementary material.
Delay-Aware Cost Optimization for Dynamic Resource Provisioning in Hybrid Clouds

Hybrid cloud computing paradigm has recently be widely advocated, where Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) providers can extend their local services into the public clouds seamlessly. In this way, dynamic user request workload to a SaaS can be elegantly handled with the rented computing capacity in public cloud. However, although a hybrid cloud may save cost compared with the private cloud, it still introduces considerable renting cost and communication cost. How to optimize such an operational cost becomes one major concern for the SaaS providers to adopt such a hybrid cloud computing paradigm. However, this critical problem remains unanswered in the current state of the art. In this paper, we focus on optimizing the operational cost for the hybrid cloud model by theoretically analyzing the problem with a Lyapunov optimization framework, and accordingly providing an online dynamic provision algorithm. In this way, our approach can address the real-world challenges where no a priori information of public cloud renting prices is available and the future probability distribution of user requests is unknown. We then conduct experimental study based on a set of real-world data, and the results confirm that our algorithm can work well in reducing the cost.
Private desires, public display: consumption, postmodernism and fashion

This article sets out to explore the role of clothes as compensatory consumption in men’s lives from an experimental perspective, presenting preliminary findings from the current research based on case studies of three adult males. This is part of a much larger study into compensatory consumption currently being undertaken by the author. The article examines the men’s relationship with fashion and their shopping behaviour in the light of current literature on fashion, identity and consumer behaviour. The implications for fashion retailing are considered and proposals for future research put forward.
Consistency and Stability of Tau-Leaping Schemes for Chemical Reaction Systems

We develop a theory of local errors for the explicit and implicit tau-leaping methods for simulating stochastic chemical systems, and we prove that these methods are first-order consistent. Our theory provides local error formulae that could serve as the basis for future stepsize control techniques. We prove that, for the special case of systems with linear propensity functions, both tau-leaping methods are first-order convergent in all moments. We provide a stiff stability analysis of the mean of both leaping methods, and we confirm that the implicit method is unconditionally stable in the mean for stable systems. Finally, we give some theoretical and numerical examples to illustrate these results.
Consistency of Steady-State Models Using Insight about Extensive Variables?

Fundamental consistency relationships exist between the effect of changes in extensive variables under steady-state conditions. These relationships are derived by use of physical insight about scaling of extensive variables. The relationships may be used to obtain data for or to check consistency of linear steady-state models used in process control and design. The derivation and use of these relationships is very similar to that of the Gibbs-Duhem equation of thermodynamics. Surprisingly, these scaling consistency relationships seem be unknown in the chemical engineering community and examples demonstrate inconsistency in some widely used published models.