Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Case for integrated intelligence

In this article I develop a case for a theory of intelligence incorporating transpersonal dimensions, namely integrated intelligence. Some recent expanded theories of intelligence move into concepts like creativity, wisdom, and emotional intelligence. Yet they remain embedded within mainstream intelligence theory and its reductionist and materialist presuppositions. Although various theorists in consciousness theory have developed transpersonal models that are beginning to be discussed in some mainstream circles, mainstream intelligence theory is yet to address the broader implications of this. Recent changes in the global economy and the needs of populations have created a need for an expanded theory of intelligence, and more intuitive thinking.
An automated statistically-principled bottleneck identification algorithm (ASBIA)

Bottlenecks are key features of any freeway system. The deployment of stationary sensors and proliferation of mobile vehicle probes provides researchers with a wealth of data that can be used for the automatic identification of active freeway bottlenecks. In this paper we introduce an automated statistically principled algorithm to characterize traffic into two states: free-flow or congested and subsequently identify the spatiotemporal activation of bottlenecks. The proposed algorithm uses speed measurements over short temporal and spatial intervals and segments, respectively to identify the status of a segment while accounting for spatiotemporal correlations and interactions. The outputs of the algorithm are the status of the roadway segment (free-flow or congested) and the confidence level of the test (p-value). The experimental results based on archived data from the northbound Interstate 5 (I-5) corridor in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region demonstrates significant improvements over state-of-the-art bottleneck identification algorithms.
A Multi-agent Architecture for Ontology-Based Diagnosis of Mental Disorders

This paper presents a Multi-agent system that facilitates the remote monitoring of the elderly patients which are susceptible to mental disorder diseases. In order to find early signs of health condition depreciation we have assessed four of the most common mental disorder diseases to find which kind of sensors can detect specific symptoms with the main purpose of creating an early warning system. The diagnosis component is based on an ontology that defines the relations between sensors, symptoms and diseases. Based on these relationships a specialized agent can inform the medical personnel about the detected symptoms.
Backscatter Communications for Wireless Powered Sensor Networks With Collision Resolution

Wireless powered backscatter communications is an attractive technology for next-generation low-powered sensor networks such as the Internet of Things. However, backscattering suffers from collisions due to multiple simultaneous transmissions and a dyadic backscatter channel, which greatly attenuate the received signal at the reader. This letter deals with backscatter communications in sensor networks from a large-scale point-of-view and considers various collision resolution techniques: directional antennas, ultra-narrow band transmissions, and successive interference cancellation. We derive analytical expressions for the decoding probability and our results show the significant gains, which can be achieved from the aforementioned techniques.
Seeing the best and worst of everything on the web with a two-level, feature-rich affect lexicon

Affect lexica are useful for sentiment analysis because they map words (or senses) onto sentiment ratings. However, few lexica explain their ratings, or provide sufficient feature richness to allow a selective "spin"" to be placed on a word in context. Since an affect lexicon aims to capture the affect of a word or sense in its most stereotypical usage, it should be grounded in explicit stereotype representations of each word's most salient properties and behaviors. We show here how to acquire a large stereotype lexicon from Web content, and further show how to determine sentiment ratings for each entry in the lexicon, both at the level of properties and behaviors and at the level of stereotypes. Finally, we show how the properties of a stereotype can be segregated on demand, to place a positive or negative spin on a word in context.
Low-noise readout circuits with a response time acceleration technique for high output impedance sensors

In this paper, a low-noise high-gain read-out circuit with a response time acceleration technique for high output impedance sensors is presented. In the readout circuits using a switched capacitor amplifier, the thermal noise can be greatly reduced if a reset noise component sampled at the charge summing node is canceled. Due to high output impedance of sensors the response time is large to achieve the low noise requirement. A new technique for response time acceleration is presented making the circuit response time faster white keeping the noise level unaffected.
Using Genetic Algorithms to Aid Test-Data Generation for Data-Flow Coverage

This paper presents an automatic test-data generation technique that uses a genetic algorithm (GA) to generate test data that satisfy data-flow coverage criteria. The technique applies the concepts of dominance relations between nodes to define a new multi-objective fitness function to evaluate the generated test data. The paper also presents the results of a set of empirical studies conducted on a set of programs that evaluate the effectiveness of our technique compared to the random-testing technique. The studies show the effective of our technique in achieving coverage of the test requirements, and in reducing the size of test suites, the search time, and the number of iterations required to satisfy the data-flow criteria.
Hearing impairment and incident disability and all-cause mortality in older British community-dwelling men

Background and objective: hearing impairment is common in older adults and has been implicated in the risk of disability and mortality. We examined the association between hearing impairment and risk of incident disability and all-cause mortality. Design and setting: prospective cohort of community-dwelling older men aged 63–85 followed up for disability over 2 years and for all-cause mortality for 10 years in the British Regional Heart Study. Methods: data were collected on self-reported hearing impairment including hearing aid use, and disability assessed as mobility limitations (problems walking/taking stairs), difficulties with activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental ADL (IADL). Mortality data were obtained from the National Health Service register. Results: among 3,981 men, 1,074 (27%) reported hearing impairment. Compared with men with no hearing impairment, men who could hear and used a hearing aid, and men who could not hear despite a hearing aid had increased risks of IADL difficulties (age-adjusted OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.29–2.70; OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.53–4.93, respectively). The associations remained after further adjustment for covariates including social class, lifestyle factors, co-morbidities and social engagement. Associations of hearing impairment with incident mobility limitations, incident ADL difficulties and all-cause mortality were attenuated on adjustment for covariates. Conclusion: this study suggests that hearing problems in later life could increase the risk of having difficulties performing IADLs, which include more complex everyday tasks such as shopping and light housework. However, further studies are needed to determine the associations observed including the underlying pathways.
Structural characterization of SiGe and SiGe:C heterostructures using a combination of X-ray scattering methods

This study is about the structural properties of SiGe and SiGe:C heteroepitaxial layers on Si (001). The structural characterization is based on the application of complementary information content of X-ray scattering techniques like high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and X-ray diffuse scattering (XDS). One main focus of the analysis is to derive a sample model that sufficiently describes all experimental datasets. In addition, the reliability of parameters extracted by just one single method is discussed. It turned out that XRR is more sensitive to the near surface region, indicating the presence of surface roughness and density gradients that do not significantly affect the XRD pattern.
MAGIS: mobile augmented-reality games for instructional support

We present Mobile Augmented-Reality Games for Instructional Support (MAGIS), a framework for the development of mobile augmented-reality (AR) games for education. The framework supports off-the-shelf, state-of-the-art technologies that enable AR tracking and rendering on consumer-level mobile devices, and integrates these technologies with content generation tools that simplify the development of educational AR games, especially those that extensively use narrative-based game design and player-location tracking such as location-based historical or museum adventure games. We use Igpaw: Intramuros, a proof-of-concept game developed using MAGIS, to help describe the current state of the framework, and we briefly outline future development plans.
Social network and social class: Toward an integrated sociolinguistic model

ABSTRACT In sociolinguistics, approaches that use the variables of socioeconomic class and social network have often been thought to be irreconcilable. In this article, we explore the connection between these variables and suggest the outlines of a model that can integrate them in a coherent way. This depends on linking a consensus-based microlevel of network with a conflict-based macrolevel of social class. We suggest interpretations of certain sociolinguistic findings, citing detailed evidence from research in Northern Ireland and Philadelphia, which emphasize the need for acknowledging the importance of looseknit network ties in facilitating linguistic innovations. We then propose that the link between network and class can be made via the notion of weak network ties using the process-based model of the macrolevel suggested by Thomas Højrup's theory of life-modes. (Sociolinguistics, sociology, quantitative social dialectology, anthropological linguistics)
The educational benefits claimed for physical education and school sport: an academic review

This academic review critically examines the theoretical and empirical bases of claims made for the educational benefits of physical education and school sport (PESS). An historical overview of the development of PESS points to the origins of claims made in four broad domains: physical, social, affective and cognitive. Analysis of the evidence suggests that PESS has the potential to make contributions to young people’s development in each of these domains. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, there is suggestive evidence of a distinctive role for PESS in the acquisition and development of children’s movement skills and physical competence. It can be argued that these are necessary, if not deterministic conditions of engagement in lifelong physical activity. In the social domain, there is sufficient evidence to support claims of positive benefits for young people. Importantly, benefits are mediated by environmental and contextual factors such as leadership, the involvement of young people in decision‐making, an emphasis on social relationships, and an explicit focus on learning processes. In the affective domain, too, engagement in physical activity has been positively associated with numerous dimensions of psychological and emotional development, yet the mechanisms through which these benefits occur are less clear. Likewise, the mechanisms by which PESS might contribute to cognitive and academic developments are barely understood. There is, however, some persuasive evidence to suggest that physical activity can improve children’s concentration and arousal, which might indirectly benefit academic performance. In can be concluded that many of the educational benefits claimed for PESS are highly dependent on contextual and pedagogic variables, which leads us to question any simple equations of participation and beneficial outcomes for young people. In the final section, therefore, the review raises questions about whether PESS should be held accountable for claims made for educational benefits, and about the implications of accountability.
Performance of clinical signs in poultry for the detection of outbreaks during the avian influenza A (H7N7) epidemic in The Netherlands in 2003

The aim of this study was to make an inventory of the clinical signs of high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI), to facilitate the development of an operational syndrome-reporting system (SRS) in The Netherlands as an early warning system for HPAI outbreaks. A total of 537 poultry flocks (240 infected and 297 non-infected) with a clinical suspicion of an infection with HPAI virus were investigated with respect to the clinical signs observed. Standardized reports were analysed with respect to observed clinical signs in the flocks. Various poultry types were distinguished. In infected commercial flocks with egg-producing chickens, the presence of increased mortality, apathy, coughing, reduction in normal vocalization, or pale eggs appeared to be overall the most sensitive indicators to detect a HPAI outbreak, matching a sensitivity of 99% with a specificity of 23%. In infected turkey flocks, the presence of apathy, decreased growth performance, reduction of normal vocalization, swollen sinuses, yawning, huddling, mucosal production from the beak, or lying down with an extended neck appeared to be overall the most sensitive indicators to detect a HPAI outbreak, matching a sensitivity of 100% with a specificity of 79%. In infected backyard/hobby flocks, increased mortality or swollen head appeared to be overall the most sensitive indicators of a HPAI outbreak, matching a sensitivity of 100% with a specificity of 26%. These results indicate that there is a solid basis for the choice of using increased mortality in the operational SRS in The Netherlands as an early warning system for HPAI outbreaks. The presence of apathy, specifically for turkeys, should be added to the SRS as an indicator.
A Novel Approach towards Biochemical Synthesis on Cyberphysical Digital Microfluidic Biochip

Digital Microfluidic Biochip (DMFB) consists of Two–Dimensional (2-D) microarrays that can perform many diagnostic tests simultaneously. DMFB's are expected to be combined with cyberphysical systems in near future. Thus faster and error-free synthesis techniques need to be implemented on such chips. Synthesis of various bio-protocols is generally performed based on various mixing modules present on the chip. In this work, the concept of such dedicated virtual modules has been eliminated and a novel Module-Less-Synthesis (MLS) method is proposed for accomplishing bio-assays in cyber physical DMFB. We have proposed different directional-shifts (movements) of droplet and computed the percentage of mixing accomplishment for each directional-shift of the droplet. We have also identified various shift-patterns (movements) to accomplish entire mixing in lesser time compared to earlier synthesis methods and also include an error recovery approach for cyberphysical DMFB. Experimental results on real life bioassay like PCR and on synthetic benchmark show improved synthesis performance with bioassay completion time (tmax) significantly reduced from earlier module-based synthesis techniques.
Achievement as a Function of Time Spent in Learning and Time Needed for Learning

The causal effects of time spent in learning (TSL) and time needed for learning (TTL) on reading and spelling achievement, as measured by standardized achievement, criterion test accuracy and retention, and teacher rating were investigated. The subjects were 171 fourth and fifth grade students. TTL was evaluated as the number of trials needed to master a learning or spelling task to 100% criterion. TSL was evaluated using the same procedure, except that children self-determined the number of trials they spent on an alternate task for each skill area. Within the model proposed, TTL contributed significantly to achievement, and its direct effect was greater than that of TSL. The data were also analyzed in terms of Carroll’s (1963) model of learning. Results supported this model in which degree of learning is postulated to be a function of the ratio of TSL to TTL.
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases belonging to the thymidine kinase 2 (TK2)-like group vary significantly in substrate specificity, kinetics and feed-back regulation.

In eukaryotic cells deoxyribonucleoside kinases belonging to three phylogenetic sub-families have been found: (i) thymidine kinase 1 (TK1)-like enzymes, which are strictly pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside-specific kinases; (ii) TK2-like enzymes, which include pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside kinases and a single multisubstrate kinase from Drosophila melanogaster (Dm-dNK); and (iii) deoxycytidine/deoxyguanosine kinase (dCK/dGK)-like enzymes, which are deoxycytidine and/or purine deoxyribonucleoside-specific kinases. We cloned and characterized two new deoxyribonucleoside kinases belonging to the TK2-like group from the insect Bombyx mori and the amphibian Xenopus laevis. The deoxyribonucleoside kinase from B. mori (Bm-dNK) turned out to be a multisubstrate kinase like Dm-dNK. But uniquely for a deoxyribonucleoside kinase, Bm-dNK displayed positive cooperativity with all four natural deoxyribonucleoside substrates. The deoxyribonucleoside kinase from X. laevis (Xen-PyK) resembled closely the human and mouse TK2 enzymes displaying their characteristic Michaelis-Menten kinetic with deoxycytidine and negative cooperativity with its second natural substrate thymidine. Bm-dNK, Dm-dNK and Xen-PyK were shown to be homodimers. Significant differences in the feedback inhibition by deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates between these three enzymes were found. The insect multisubstrate deoxyribonucleoside kinases Bm-dNK and Dm-dNK were only inhibited by thymidine triphosphate, while Xen-PyK was inhibited by thymidine and deoxycytidine triphosphate in a complex pattern depending on the deoxyribonucleoside substrate. The broad substrate specificity and different feedback regulation of the multisubstrate insect deoxyribonucleoside kinases may indicate that these enzymes have a different functional role than the other members of the TK2-like group.
ALE meta‐analysis: Controlling the false discovery rate and performing statistical contrasts

Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) has greatly advanced voxel‐based meta‐analysis research in the field of functional neuroimaging. We present two improvements to the ALE method. First, we evaluate the feasibility of two techniques for correcting for multiple comparisons: the single threshold test and a procedure that controls the false discovery rate (FDR). To test these techniques, foci from four different topics within the literature were analyzed: overt speech in stuttering subjects, the color‐word Stroop task, picture‐naming tasks, and painful stimulation. In addition, the performance of each thresholding method was tested on randomly generated foci. We found that the FDR method more effectively controls the rate of false positives in meta‐analyses of small or large numbers of foci. Second, we propose a technique for making statistical comparisons of ALE meta‐analyses and investigate its efficacy on different groups of foci divided by task or response type and random groups of similarly obtained foci. We then give an example of how comparisons of this sort may lead to advanced designs in future meta‐analytic research. Hum Brain Mapp 25:155–164, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relationship between self-efficacy and nicotine withdrawal severity among adult smokers

Cigarette smokers who have low confidence in their ability to resist temptations to smoke or to quit smoking altogether (i.e., low quitting-related self-efficacy) are more likely to relapse during an attempt to quit smoking. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors influence quitting-related self-efficacy, especially during early abstinence when relapse is most likely to occur. Social cognitive theory suggests two competing hypotheses: (1) negative emotional and physiological states, such as those associated with the nicotine withdrawal syndrome, will reduce self-efficacy related to smoking cessation; and (2) low self-efficacy will increase an individual's susceptibility to arousal, such as the negative emotions and physiological responses associated with nicotine withdrawal. The current preliminary study prospectively examined the association between nicotine withdrawal severity and self-efficacy in 21 adult, heavy smokers (23.8% female) at three time points during the first 48 h of abstinence from smoking cigarettes. Results indicated that withdrawal severity did not predict self-efficacy. Instead, self-efficacy after 24 h of abstinence showed a trend toward predicting withdrawal severity at 48 h of abstinence. Findings suggest the possibility that low self-efficacy may be associated with an increase in nicotine withdrawal severity, and also suggest the presence of a dynamic relationship between self-efficacy and nicotine withdrawal.
MODULARIZING DATA MINING : A CASE STUDY FRAMEWORK

This paper presents the fundamental concepts underpinning MoLS, a framework for exploring and applying many variations of algorithms for one datamining problem: mining a database relation for Approximate Functional Dependencies (AFDs). An engineering approach to AFD mining suggests a framework which can be customized with plug-ins, yielding targetability and improved performance. This paper organizes familiar approaches for navigating a search spaces and introduces a new concepts to define and utilize variations of
Are unreachable methods harmful? Results from a controlled experiment

In this paper, we present the results of a controlled experiment conducted to assess whether the presence of unreachable methods in source code affects source code comprehensibility and modifiability. A total of 47 undergraduate students at the University of Basilicata participated in this experiment. We divided the participants in two groups. The participants in the first group were asked to comprehend code base containing unreachable methods and implement five change requests in that code base. The participants in the second group were asked to accomplish exactly the same tasks as the participants in the first group, however, the source code provided to them did not contain any unreachable methods. The results of the study indicate that code comprehensibility is significantly higher when source code does not contain unreachable methods. However, we did not observe a statistically significant difference for code modifiability. From these results, we distill lessons and implications for practitioners as well as possible avenues for further research.