Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of a multichannel wireless implantable neural signal processing transmitter

Increasing advances in neurology have created high demands of implantable multichannel electronic devices for recording neural signals. These implants acquire, treat and transmit wirelessly the nervous signals collected by a microelectrodes array to an external receiver. Our paper lies within the scope of recording and wireless transmission of these signals. We have designed a part of an implantable transmitter for neural signal processing after simultaneous acquisition with 16 channels. The results obtained are satisfactory in terms of integrated design, low power consumption, low noise and high speed. These results prove that the system is functional and has the ability to be extended to 32 channels and even 64 channels.
“ L 2-torsion and 3-manifolds ” by

We introduce for a finite CW -complex whose L2-Betti numbers are all trivial and whose Novikov-Shubin invariants are all positive a positive real number called combinatorial L2-torsion. It behaves like a “multiplicative Euler characteristic”. Tools for the computations of L2-Betti numbers, Novikov-Shubin invariants, Fuglede-Kadison determinant and combinatorial L2-torsion are given. For example combinatorial L2-torsion can be computed for an irreducible Haken 3-manifold from a presentation of the fundamental group without using further topological information. There are the conjectures that combinatorial L2-torsion agrees with analytic L2torsion for closed manifolds and with Gromov’s simplicial volume up to a constant for prime 3-manifolds whose boundary is empty or a disjoint union of incompressible tori.
Research directions for the application of MVC in ambient computing environments

To fulfil the requirements of emerging trends in mobile interaction, common patterns for system design need adaptations and extensions. The realization of explicit interaction in ambient or pervasive computing environments introduces a physical distribution of input devices and technology embedded into the environment of the user. This paper presents the extension of the Model-View-Controller approach to separate the user interface implementation from the physical host of the application to control.
The shocking properties of supersonic flows: Dependence of the thermal overstability on M, α, and T$\mathsf{_{c}}\,$/ T$\mathsf{_{0}}$

We present hydrodynamical calculations of radiative shocks with low Mach numbers and find that the well-known global overstability can occur if the temperature exponent ( α ) of the cooling is sufficiently negative. We find that the stability of radiative shocks increases with decreasing Mach number, with the result that $M=2$ shocks require $\alpha \la -1.2$ in order to be overstable. Such values occur within a limited temperature range of many cooling curves. We observe that Mach numbers of order 100 are needed before the strong shock limit of $\alpha_{\rm cr} \approx 0.4$ is reached, and we discover that the frequency of oscillation of the fundamental mode also has a strong Mach number dependence. We find that feedback between the cooling region and the cold dense layer (CDL) further downstream is a function of Mach number, with stronger feedback and oscillation of the boundary between the CDL and the cooling region occuring at lower Mach numbers. This feedback can be quantified in terms of the reflection coefficient of sound waves, and in those cases where the cooling layer completely disappears at the end of each oscillation cycle, the initial velocity of the waves driven into the upstream pre-shock flow and into the downstream CDL, and the velocity of the the boundary between the CDL and the cooling layer, can be understood in terms of the solution to the Riemann problem. An interesting finding is that the stability properties of low Mach number shocks can be dramatically altered if the shocked gas is able to cool to temperatures less than the pre-shock value (i.e. when $\chi χ is the ratio of the temperature of the cold dense layer to the pre-shock temperature). In such circumstances, low Mach number shocks have values of $\alpha_{\rm cr}$ which are comparable to values obtained for higher Mach number shocks when $\chi = 1$. For instance, $\alpha_{\rm cr}=-0.1$ when $M=2$ and $\chi=0.1$, comparable to that when $M=10$ and $\chi=1$. Thus, it is probable that low Mach number astrophysical shocks will be overstable in a variety of situations. We also explore the effect of different assumptions for the initial hydrodynamic set up and the type of boundary condition imposed downstream, and find that the properties of low Mach number shocks are relatively insensitive to these issues. The results of this work are relevant to astrophysical shocks with low Mach numbers, such as supernova remnants (SNRs) immersed in a hot interstellar medium (e.g., within a starburst region), and shocks in molecular clouds, where time-dependent chemistry can lead to overstability.
Evaluating the Impact of Using a Domain-specific Bilingual Lexicon on the Performance of a Hybrid Machine Translation Approach

This paper describes an Example-Based Machine Translation prototype and presents an evaluation of the impact of using a domainspecific vocabulary on its performance. This prototype is based on a hybrid approach which needs only monolingual texts in the target language and consists to combine translation candidates returned by a cross-language search engine with translation hypotheses provided by a finite-state transducer. The results of this combination are evaluated against a statistical language model of the target language in order to obtain the n-best translations. To measure the performance of this hybrid approach, we achieved several experiments using corpora on two domains from the European Parliament proceedings (Europarl) and the European Medicines Agency documents (Emea). The obtained results show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art Statistical Machine Translation system Moses when texts to translate are related to the specialized domain.
The broad-band (0.1-200 kev) spectrum of her x-1 observed with bepposax

The X-ray pulsar Her X-1 was observed for more than two orbital cycles near the maximum of the 35 day X-ray intensity cycle by the Narrow Field Instruments on-board the BeppoSAX satellite. We present the rst simultaneous measure- ment of the 0.1-200 keV spectrum. Three distinct continuum components are evident in the phase averaged spectrum: a low energy excess, modeled as a 0.1 keV blackbody; a power-law and a high energy cut-off. Superposed on this continuum are Fe L and K emission features at 1.0 and 6.5 keV, respectively, and a 40 keV cyclotron absorption feature. The cyclotron feature can be clearly seen in raw count spectra. We present the propertiesofthecyclotronfeaturewithunprecedentedprecision and discuss the indications given by this measurement on the physical properties of the emitting region.
Creating Summarization Systems with SUMMA

Automatic text summarization, the reduction of a text to its essential content is fundamental for an on-line information society. Although many summarization algorithms exist, there are few tools or infrastructures providing capabilities for developing summarization applications. This paper presents a new version of SUMMA, a text summarization toolkit for the development of adaptive summarization applications. SUMMA includes algorithms for computation of various sentence relevance features and functionality for single and multidocument summarization in various languages. It also offers methods for content-based evaluation of summaries.
L-SLAM: Reduced dimensionality FastSLAM with unknown data association

FastSLAM is one of the state-of-the-art approaches to the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) problem. In this paper, a new SLAM method is proposed, called LSLAM, which is a low dimension version of the FastSLAM family algorithms. Dimensionality reduction of the particle filter is proposed, achieving better accuracy with less or the same number of particles. Dimensionality reduction of this problem renders the algorithm suitable for high dimensionality problems, like 3-D SLAM where the L-SLAM can produce better results in less time. Unlike the FastSLAM algorithms that uses Extended Kalman Filters (EKF), the L-SLAM algorithm updates the particles using Kalman filters. A methodology of linearizing a planar SLAM problem of a rear drive car-like robot is presented. Experimental results based on real case scenarios using the Car Park datasets and simulated environment are presented. The advantages of the proposed method in comparison with the FastSLAM 1.0 and 2.0 methods in the planar SLAM problem are discussed.
NTOU Chinese Spelling Check System in CLP Bake-off 2014

This paper describes details of NTOU Chinese spelling check system participating in CLP2014 Bakeoff. Confusion sets were expanded by using two language resources, Shuowen and Four-Corner codes. A new method to find spelling errors in legal multi-character words was proposed. Comparison of sentence generation probabilities is the main information for error detection and correction. A rulebased classifier and a SVM-based classifier were trained to identify spelling errors. Two formal runs were submitted, and the rule-based classifier achieved better performance.
Why Are the Unemployed So Unhappy? Evidence from Panel Data

This paper tests for the importance of non-pecuniary costs of unemployment using a longitudinal data-set on life-satisfaction of working-age men in Germany. We show that unemployment has a large detrimental effect on satisfaction after individual specific fixed effects are controlled for. The non-pecuniary effect is much larger than the effect that stems from the associated loss of income.
An Information Visualization Approach to Retail Space Management (VisMT)

Retail space management is one of the more crucial challenges faced by retailers today with an ever ever- expanding volume of data to which they must refer when making decisions. Problems have emerged that are intractable using traditional means but for which interactive information visualization shows much promise. These problems or tasks are exploratory in nature and use temporal multivariate data. Department stores must maximize and optimize return on allocated retail space. Although product sales are readily available, the missing link for most retailers is a precise understanding of each store's layout in relation to its capacity and performance. This paper introduces a novel approach Visual Space Management (VSM) demonstrated with a multiple-linked view application (VisMT) that explores retail data related to space performance. VisMT integrates familiar information visualization representations and a 3D interactive layout of store floor plans with retail data sources. Parallel coordinates plot serves as a multivariate visual control panel in the coordinated system. Seasonally retail data analysis is performed simultaneously in linked views through time. Visual inquiry methods are supported for conditioned temporal multivariate data.
Real-Time and Reliable Face Detection in Intersection Monitoring by Integration of Skin Color and Facial Features

This paper proposes a three-stage scheme to obtain real-time and reliable face detection in intersecting monitoring. The proposed three-stage scheme is mainly based on skin color and facial features. In the first stage scheme, skin-color model is used to obtain skin regions. The second stage scheme uses face template measure to obtain face candidates. Finally, facial features are measured to detect faces from face candidates. Experimental results show that the proposed method has good performance in face detection.
depression in the workplace instrument as a screening tool for Inventory and two-question case-finding Combination use of Beck Depression

Objectives: The present study aimed to validate screening tools that could be used to identify depression among workers. Design: Diagnostic test study. Settings: Workers from three Japanese companies agreed to participate. Participants: Recruitment for the group 1 occurred between January 2001 and February 2004, and 89 participants (81 men and 8 women with a mean age of 38.466.6 years) (98.8%) took part in the study. Recruitment for the group 2 occurred between July 2000 and February 2004, and 1500 participants (1408 men and 92 women with a mean age of 40.967.2 years) (94.2%) took part in the study. Demographic data are shown in supplementary table 1. Interventions: Primary and secondary outcome measures: the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a two-question case-finding instrument (TQI) were administered to 89 workers and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was conducted to verify the diagnosis of depression. A second group of 1500 workers completed the BDI and TQI to detect possible sample bias for the distribution of depression. Specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value were calculated in order to obtain the optimal cut-off scores for BDI and TQI and receiver operating characteristic curves, and Youden Index were applied to further refine the optimal cut-off scores. Results: When paired together, BDI score $10 and TQI score of 2 adequately identified workers who had major depressive disorder and those who had other psychiatric disorders that are frequently comorbid with major depressive disorder. Conclusions: The combination of BDI score $10 and TQI score of 2 can adequately screen for current and potential cases of depression among workers. Furthermore, BDI and TQI offer the advantage of being relatively easy to administer to a large number of workers. Early detection of depression could improve treatment outcomes and decrease economic burden. Trail registration: INTRODUCTION Depression is a highly prevalent disorder, that is, associated with enormous economic costs. Major depressive disorder (MDD) was estimated to affect 18.1 million people living in the USA in 2000 and to have lifetime prevalence of 16.2% and an annual prevalence of 6.6%. 2 The total economic burden (both direct and indirect costs) of depression To cite: Adachi Y, Aleksic B, Nobata R, et al. Combination use of Beck Depression Inventory and two-question case-finding instrument as a screening tool for depression in the workplace. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000596. doi:10.1136/ bmjopen-2011-000596 < Prepublication history and additional material for this paper is available online. To view these files please visit the journal online (http://dx. doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2011-000596). Received 11 November 2011 Accepted 5 April 2012 This final article is available for use under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial 2.0 Licence; see http://bmjopen.bmj. com For numbered affiliations see end of article. Correspondence to Dr Branko Aleksic; branko@med.nagoya-u.ac. jp ARTICLE SUMMARY
Relative Frequency and Semantic Relations as Organizing Principles for the Psychological Reality of Phonaesthemes

The perception of Swedish phonaesthemes and their psychological reality is studied in priming and lexical decision experiments. Abelin (1999) described phonaesthemes such as: bl‘light, vision’ in words like ‘blänka, blixtra’ and fl’movement’ in words like ‘fladdra, flaxa’. Bergen (2004) studied phonaesthemes like: gl‘light, vision’ in words like ‘glimmer, glisten’ and sn‘nose, mouth’ as in ‘snore, snout’. The first hypothesis is that if the presence of phonaesthemes affects processing, then primed responses should be faster than unprimed (i.e. in lexical decision) responses. The second hypothesis is that the degree of facilitation from priming for indivual phonaesthemes will correlate with relative lexical frequency. The method used is a comparison between priming tasks and lexical decision tasks. Three experiments were run, with the same design but partly different phonaesthemes. The results show that phonaesthemic priming affects processing and that there are clear differences between different phonaesthemes when combining related meanings; there is a positive correlation between high relative lexical frequency of phonaesthemic clusters and increase of speed in priming condition. The results are compatible with an embodied usage based perspective on language and language acquisition.
Send Orders of Reprints at Reprints@benthamscience.org Expression of Ccr5, Cxcr4 and Dc-sign in Cervix of Hiv-1 Heterosexually Infected Mexican Women

Background: A number of studies have demonstrated that receptor and co-receptor expression levels which may affect viral entry, promoting cervical HIV infection. The aim was to evaluate the expression levels of CCR5, CXCR4 and DC-SIGN mRNA in a sample of heterosexually HIV infected Mexican women. Methods: We enrolled twenty-six HIV heterosexual infected women attending a local infectious diseases medical unit. RNA was isolated from the cervix and gene expression analysis was performed using real-time PCR. Results: Expression rates for mRNA of CCR5 (median 1.82; range 0.003–2934) were higher than those observed for CXCR4 (0.79; 0.0061–3312) and DC-SIGN (0.33; 0.006–532) receptors (p < 0.05). A high correlation was found between the mRNA expression levels of these three receptors (r s = 0.52 to 0.85, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Levels of expression of the tested chemokine receptors in the cervix are different from each other and also vary from woman to woman, and seem to support the suggestion that chemokine receptor expression in genital tissues may be playing a role in the HIV transmission.
Accounting for probe-level noise in principal component analysis of microarray data

MOTIVATION Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimensionality reduction techniques for the analysis of high-dimensional datasets. However, in its standard form, it does not take into account any error measures associated with the data points beyond a standard spherical noise. This indiscriminate nature provides one of its main weaknesses when applied to biological data with inherently large variability, such as expression levels measured with microarrays. Methods now exist for extracting credibility intervals from the probe-level analysis of cDNA and oligonucleotide microarray experiments. These credibility intervals are gene and experiment specific, and can be propagated through an appropriate probabilistic downstream analysis. RESULTS We propose a new model-based approach to PCA that takes into account the variances associated with each gene in each experiment. We develop an efficient EM-algorithm to estimate the parameters of our new model. The model provides significantly better results than standard PCA, while remaining computationally reasonable. We show how the model can be used to 'denoise' a microarray dataset leading to improved expression profiles and tighter clustering across profiles. The probabilistic nature of the model means that the correct number of principal components is automatically obtained.
Edwards model of elliptic curves de ned over any elds

In this paper, we present a generalization of Edwards model for elliptic curve which is de ned over any eld and in particular for eld of characteristic 2. This model generalize the well known Edwards model of [10] over characteristic zero eld, moreover it de ne an ordinary elliptic curve over binary elds. For this, we use the theory of theta functions and an intermediate model embed in P that we call a level 4-theta model. We then present an arithmetic of this level 4-theta model and of our Edwards model using Riemann relations of theta functions. The group laws are complete, i.e., none exceptional case for adding a pair of points; their are also uni ed, i.e., formulas using for addition and for doubling are the same. Over binary elds we have very e cient arithmetics on ordinary elliptic curve, but over odd eld our explicit addition laws are not competitives. Nevertheless, we give e cient di erential addition laws on level 4-theta model and on Edwards model de ned over any elds.
Ion Exchange Chromatography and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Analysis of Cadmium-Phytochelatin (II) Complexes

In this study, in vitro formed Cd-phytochelatin (PC2) complexes were characterized using ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. The ratio of both studied compounds as well as experimental conditions were optimized. The highest yield of the complex was observed under an applied concentration of 100 µg·mL−1 PC2 and 100 µg·mL−1 of CdCl2. The data obtained show that IEC in combination with MALDI-TOF is a reliable and fast method for the determination of these complexes.
Future buffer based adaptation for VBR video streaming over HTTP

HTTP streaming has become a cost effective means for video delivery nowadays. To enable adaptivity to networks and terminals, a provider should generate multiple representations of an original video as well as the related signaling metadata. So far, most previous studies have just focused on the case of CBR (constant bit rate) video. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptation method for VBR (variable bitrate) video streaming. Based on a trellis representation to estimate future buffer levels, the proposed method can provide smooth video quality while avoiding buffer underflows. The experimental results show that our approach can perform effectively under drastic changes of both connection throughput and video bitrate.
A modular parametric architecture for the TORCS racing engine

This paper presents our approach to TORCS Car Racing Competition 2009, it is based on a complete modular architecture capable of driving automatically a car along a track with or without oppents. The architecture is composed of five simple modules being each one responsible for a basic aspect of car driving. The modules control gear shiftings, steer movements and pedals positions by using of simple functions meanwhile the allowed speed in a certain track segment is managed by a simple TSK fuzzy system.
Using Learning Protocols to Structure Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning

A common problem of CSCL (Computer-Supported Cooperative Learning) is addressed: How can we coordinate goal-directed, effective interaction in a group of learners? We introduce the concept of learning protocols which originates in script theory. We then discuss which dimensions of cooperative learning can be supported by learning protocols and propose how learning protocols can be integrated in a CSCL environment.
Seasonal changes in stem radius and production of new tracheids in Norway spruce.

The progress of xylem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) was measured during one growing season in southern Finland. Stem radius was monitored continuously with band dendrometers, and the formation of new tracheids was determined by examination of small increment cores taken twice weekly. Tracheid production started in June and ceased in August. Xylem formation was fastest in early July, when 0.75-1.25 new tracheids were formed per day. The rate of xylem formation was significantly correlated with mean daily temperature. Synchronous fluctuations in tracheid and lumen diameters were observed at the same relative positions within each annual ring, but no relationship existed between the diameters and weather variables. The timing of changes in stem radius differed from the timing of actual xylem formation. Stem radius increased in April and May, and the fastest daily increments were recorded in June. Increases in stem radius slowed in July, but small increases were measured more than a month after xylem formation had ceased. Daily changes in stem radius were correlated with daily precipitation, reflecting changes in stem water content. Therefore, dendrometers are of dubious value for measuring the timing of actual xylem formation. Small increment cores proved to be useful in assessing actual xylem formation, but the method is laborious.