Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kernel-Predicting Convolutional Networks for Denoising

Fig. 1. We introduce a deep learning approach for denoising Monte Carlo-rendered images that produces high-quality results suitable for production. We train a convolutional neural network to learn the complex relationship between noisy and reference data across a large set of frames with varying distributed e ects from the film Finding Dory (le ). The trained network can then be applied to denoise new images from other films with significantly di erent style and content, such as Cars 3 (right), with production-quality results.
In Situ Monitoring of Cu2ZnSnS4 Absorber Formation With Raman Spectroscopy During Mo/Cu2SnS3/ZnS Thin-Film Stack Annealing

In recent years, Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSn(S,Se)<sub>4</sub> (kesterite) has become increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative absorber material. Many processes for kesterite synthesis involve a high temperature annealing step (>450 °C). This study investigates the possibility of Raman spectroscopy as an <italic>in situ</italic> monitoring technique during high temperature annealing up to 550 °C. Temperature-dependent behavior of Cu<sub>2 </sub>SnS<sub>3</sub> (CTS) and Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> (CZTS) was studied for reference purposes. The synthesis of CZTS was performed by annealing a stacked Mo/CTS/ZnS precursor on a glass substrate. Annealing of the precursor stack resulted in formation of kesterite and could be monitored <italic>in situ</italic> by its main A-mode at 338 cm<sup>–1</sup>. At higher temperatures, this mode shifts to lower wavenumbers, is broadened and reduced in intensity. This can be attributed to combined effects of thermal expansion and anharmonic phonon coupling. The shift of the peak position is linearly proportional to the temperature. Thus, given proper calibration, fitting the peak position of the 338 cm<sup>–1</sup> mode during the process yields the sample temperature. Implementation of <italic>in situ</italic> monitoring with Raman spectroscopy would be a step forward toward desired process control and monitoring during this crucial high temperature annealing step in kesterite synthesis.
An Improved Method for Detection of Satire from User-Generated Content

Sarcasm is a form of speech act in which the speakers convey their message in an implicit way. It is a sophisticated form of speech act widely used in online communities. The inherently ambiguous nature of sarcasm sometimes makes it hard even for humans to decide whether an utterance is sarcastic in nature or not. Recognition of sarcasm may anticipate benefits in many sentiment analysis of NLP applications, such as safe search, review summary reports, engaging dialogue systems and review ranking applications and systems. Classification of online news articles for satire has been very much done in the manual way. In our system, we have experimented with an automated approach to classify online news article using the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification method. SVM has been shown to give good classification results when ample training documents are given. Obtaining the best results with SVMs requires an understanding of their workings and the various ways a user can influence their accuracy. Keywords-Sarcasm, Satire, Irony, Sentiment Analysis, Supervised and Unsupervised Classification, Irony Detection, Algorithm, Machine Learning, Polarity, Opinion Mining, Data Corpus, Toenization,Support Vector Machine.
Up and down the pecking order,1 what matters and when in issue definition: the case of rbST in the EU

ABSTRACT This article examines the nature and degree of control which powerful actors have over the process of issue definition. In particular, it explores the ways in which knowledge and time can mediate, condition and direct decision-makers' attention from one definition to another. The characterization of the ‘pecking order’ is introduced to capture the process of redefinition around the biotech product bovine somatotrophin (rbST) in the European Union (EU). The movement of different interpretive dimensions of rbST up and down the pecking order is analysed through a synthesis of Haas' work on epistemic communities and Pierson's on issue feedback and conjunctures. This yields six propositions explaining the manner in which interpretations were prioritized and reshuffled across the issue's life span. It is concluded that knowledge and time mediate choice by presenting decision-makers with opportunities to further their strategic aims and also, on occasion, by exerting independent force – particularly where knowledge is under development or an issue is caught up in a complex web of linkages.
Are male and female smokers at equal risk of smoking-related cancer: evidence from a Swedish prospective study

This study examines sex differences in the relative risks of lung cancer and other smoking-related cancers (i.e. cancers of the upper respiratory tract, oesophagus, pancreas, bladder, and renal pelvis). Data on smoking habits in 1963 from a random sample of 56,000 men and women were linked with information on new cases of cancer for 1964 - 89. Compared with people who have never smoked, the relative risks of lung cancer at different levels of pack-years completed in 1963 (>5, 6 - 15, 16 - 25 and 25+ pack-years) were 1.6, 4.4, 14.2, and 17.9 for men, and 2.1, 6.3, 10.3, and 16.5 for women. The corresponding relative risks of other smoking-related cancers were 1.8, 3.0 5.4, and 6.4 for men, and 2.0, 3.1, 5.0, and 6.5 for women. These results suggest that men and women have similar relative risks of smoking-related cancers at different levels of smoking.
Analysis and classification of compressed EMG signals by wavelet transform via alternative neural networks algorithms

We propose intelligent methods for classifying three different muscle types, i.e. biceps, frontallis and abductor pollicis brevis muscles, with low computational complexity. For this aim, electromyogram (EMG) signals are recorded and modelled by using an auto-regressive (AR) model. As the size of the EMG signals is usually large, the computational complexity of artificial neural network (ANN) systems drastically increases. Therefore, in the proposed scheme EMG signals are pre-processed by using a wavelet transform and then they are modelled by employing an AR approach. The AR coefficients are used to train and test the ANNs. Experimental results show that the highest achieved classification accuracy is more than 95% in the case of EMG signals pre-processed by wavelet transform. The wavelet transform-based pre-processing significantly increases the performance rates compared to standard multilayer perceptron and general regression neural networks algorithms.
A robust optimization model for stochastic aggregate production planning

The aggregate production planning (APP) problem considers the medium-term production loading plans subject to certain restrictions such as production capacity and workforce level. It is not uncommon for management to often encounter uncertainty and noisy data, in which the variables or parameters are stochastic. In this paper, a robust optimization model is developed to solve the aggregate production planning problems in an environment of uncertainty in which the production cost, labour cost, inventory cost, and hiring and layoff cost are minimized. By adjusting penalty parameters, decision-makers can determine an optimal medium-term production strategy including production loading plan and workforce level while considering different economic growth scenarios. Numerical results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed model. The proposed model is realistic for dealing with uncertain economic conditions. The analysis of the tradeoff between solution robustness and model robustness is also presented.
Rethinking directors' duties in changing global markets

Purpose – This paper aims to examine whether directors duties, as they are typically presented in Anglo‐American corporations law, remain appropriate and relevant given recent corporate governance developments and trends in global product and capital markets.Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a comparative approach, examining aspects of corporate governance developments in the UK, the US and Australia.Findings – The paper finds that product and capital markets are increasingly placing a premium on good corporate social responsibility and hence, Anglo‐American corporations law should be reformed to clarify directors' capacity to address broader stakeholder concerns.Originality/value – The paper provides a comprehensive summary of important currents in contemporary corporate governance and provides a market‐driven justification for changing corporations law.
Right Atrial Approach for Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias Arising From the Left Posterior–Superior Process of the Left Ventricle

Background—The posterior–superior process of the left ventricle (PSP-LV) is the most inferior and posterior aspect of the basal LV that extends posteriorly to the plane of the tricuspid valve. The PSP-LV is anatomically adjacent to the inferior and medial aspect of the right atrium (RA). We report a series of patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the PSP-LV and describe a mapping and ablation approach from the RA guided by intracardiac echocardiography. Methods and Results—Mapping and ablation of the PSP-LV with an RA approach under intracardiac echocardiography guidance were performed in 5 patients with VAs (aged 44±14 years, 2 males) who had failed ablation attempts from multiple endocardial and epicardial (1 patient) sites. Mapping of the PSP-LV from the adjacent inferomedial RA was performed at sites anatomically opposite to the earliest endocardial site of activation under direct intracardiac echocardiography visualization. From the RA side of the PSP-LV, a small atrial signal and a larger ventricular signal were recorded in each case, with an activation time of 32±7 ms pre-QRS (versus 16±5 ms pre-QRS in the LV endocardium; P=0.068). We were able to capture the LV from these sites. Cryoablation was performed in 2 patients, and radiofrequency was used in the remaining 3 cases. In all patients, ablation from the RA eliminated the arrhythmia. All patients remained free of recurrent VAs after a mean follow-up of 12 (7–16) months. There were no immediate or long-term complications. Conclusions—The PSP-LV can be a site of origin of VAs, which can be successfully eliminated from the adjacent RA under direct intracardiac echocardiographic visualization.
Determinants of Canadian Bilateral Aid Allocations: Humanitarian, Commercial or Political?

In this paper we examine the determinants of the allocation of Canadian bilateral aid over the period 1984-2000. We draw on models of donor behaviour that allow us to incorporate humanitarian, commercial and political considerations - the `trinity of mixed motives' - that affect Canadian aid. We find that allocations are moderately altruistic. Recipient country human rights and membership in the Commonwealth and La Francophonie also affect aid flows. Most strikingly, our results suggest that Canadian aid flows became less altruistic over this period and commercial motives became increasingly important.
Linkage of genes to total lean body mass in normal women.

BACKGROUND Total lean body mass (LEAN-tot) is one of the three major components of body weight. Its deterioration is a risk factor for frailty. Despite this, there are few studies examining the contribution of genetic factors. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to examine the contribution of genetic factors for LEAN-tot variation, including a genome-wide search for the genes. RESEARCH METHODS Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of LEAN-tot were obtained from each of the 3180 United Kingdom females (509 monozygotic and 1081 dizygotic twin pairs). Contribution of genetic factors was assessed using variance component analysis. A genome-wide linkage analysis was performed on the dizygotic twins using a modified version of the Haseman-Elston method. RESULTS Age, body height, total fat, and bone mass were correlated with LEAN-tot, and commonly explained 52% of the LEAN-tot variation. The crude heritability estimate was 74.0 +/- 4.0%, after adjustment for the aforementioned factors; 65.2 +/- 4.6% was attributable to independent genetic effects. Significant (P < 0.001) genetic correlations were found between LEAN-tot and bone mass, and LEAN-tot and total fat. Adjusted only for age, LEAN-tot showed no significant linkage. After adjustment for all covariates, significant linkage (LOD = 4.49 and 3.62) was observed at chromosome 12q24.3 and 14q22.3, respectively. Additional peaks of interest were on 7p15.3-15.1 (LOD = 2.86) and 8p22 (LOD = 2.83). CONCLUSIONS LEAN-tot measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry is highly heritable, independent of other body measures. This first genomic search for genes associated with the lean component of body mass suggests significant linkage to quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 12 and 14.
Forecasting the South African economy: a hybrid‐DSGE approach

Purpose - This paper aims to develops an estimable hybrid model that combines the micro-founded DSGE model with the flexibility of the atheoretical VAR model. Design/methodology/approach - The model is estimated via the maximum likelihood technique based on quarterly data on real gross national product (GNP), consumption, investment and hours worked, for the South African economy, over the period of 1970:1 to 2000:4. Based on a recursive estimation using the Kalman filter algorithm, the out-of-sample forecasts from the hybrid model are then compared with the forecasts generated from the Classical and Bayesian variants of the VAR for the period 2001:1-2005:4. Findings - The results indicate that, in general, the estimated hybrid-DSGE model outperforms the classical VAR, but not the Bayesian VARs in terms of out-of-sample forecasting performances. Research limitations/implications - The model lacks nominal shocks and needs to be extended into a small open economy framework. Practical implications - The paper was able to show that, even though the DSGE model is outperformed by the BVAR, a microfounded theoretical DSGE model has a future in forecasting the South African economy. Originality/value - To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to use an estimable DSGE model to forecast the South African economy.
Expected Returns to Education and Experience in the United Arab Emirates

Abstract This paper makes use of a sample of 30,043 mostly unemployed Emiratis and a subsample of 376 employed Emiratis drawn from the Tanmia database to estimate the expected returns to education and experience in the UAE. Overall, we find evidence of a U-shaped relationship between expected wages and education and between expected wages and experience for both males and females, suggesting that the wage expectations of unemployed male and female Emiratis may be too unrealistic and thus could explain the challenges faced in finding suitable employment. It would appear from this study that UAE policymakers face serious challenges in ridding their economy of its reliance on skilled foreign expatriates without playing an active role in linking wages to education and productivity in the public sector.
Testing long-run neutrality using intra-year data

Previous tests of the long-run neutrality hypothesis have generally relied on annual time series data. This paper analyses the long-run neutrality of money in Australia using different sources of intra-year data, which permits an examination of the effects of seasonality and the robustness of previous empirical results. A reduced form ARIMA model is used with both quarterly seasonally unadjusted and adjusted Australian real GDP and nominal money supply to test the neutrality hypothesis. Using two measures of money stock, namely M1 and M3, it is shown that the hypothesis is supported using M1 as the measure of money supply, while it is rejected using M3. Recent trends and developments in the money and credit markets in Australia provide a possible explanation of the sensitivity of the outcome to the measure of money stock employed in the analysis.
How Large Is International Trade’s Effect on Economic Growth?

The estimated static welfare gains from international trade are very small, on the order of one percent of GDP. The case for free trade is therefore increasingly linked to trade's apparent positive effects on economic growth. But how large are these growth effectsq The vast empirical literature has emphasized the statistical significance, not the economic significance, of the trade-growth relationship. This survey's re-examination of the empirical literature focuses on the size of the relationship between trade and growth. Our survey reveals that the many empirical studies are surprisingly consistent in terms of the size of the relationship: A one percentage point increase in the growth of exports is associated with a one-fifth percentage point increase in economic growth. Given the power of compounding, the effect of trade on growth is very important for human welfare. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003.
Hfq Virulence Regulation in Enterohemorrhagic 1 Escherichia coli O 157 : H 7 Strain 86-24 2 3 Running title : Hfq Virulence Regulation in EHEC Strain 86-24 4 5

Hfq Virulence Regulation in Enterohemorrhagic 1 Escherichia coli O157:H7 Strain 86-24 2 3 Running title: Hfq Virulence Regulation in EHEC Strain 86-24 4 5 Melissa M. Kendall, Charley C. Gruber, David A. Rasko, David T. Hughes, & Vanessa 6 Sperandio 7 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 8 Dallas, Texas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., 75390-9048, U.S.A. 9 2 Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 10 Dallas, Texas, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., 75390-9048, U.S.A. 11 3 Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of 12 Maryland School of Medicine, BioPark Building II, 801 West Baltimore Street, Suite 619, 13 Baltimore, MD 21201 14 15 ** Correspondence should be sent to: 16 Vanessa Sperandio, Ph.D. 17 University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dept. of Microbiology 18 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-9048, USA 19 Telephone: 214-633-1378; Fax: 214-648-5905 20 Email: vanessa.sperandio@utsouthwestern.edu 21 For Express Mail: 22 6000 Harry Hines Blvd. NL4.140, Dallas, TX 75235, USA 23 24 Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. J. Bacteriol. doi:10.1128/JB.06141-11 JB Accepts, published online ahead of print on 7 October 2011
IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF Binding Protein 1, and C-Peptide in Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid Are Dependent on Gestational Age but Do Not Predict Weight at Birth

Previous data suggested that small for gestational age newborns have increased levels of IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) in amniotic fluid (AF) at 15-16 wk of pregnancy. In this study, we developed an RIA for IGFBP1 and measured IGFBP1 concentrations in 209 AF samples with normal fetal karyotype between 14 and 20 wk; we measured IGF-I, IGF-II, and C-peptide in the same samples. Concentrations of these growth-modulating factors were all positively correlated with gestational age at sampling (p < 0.0001). After correcting for gestational age, AF IGFBP1 remained strongly correlated with IGF-I and IGF-II (both p < 0.0001); their concentrations were many times higher in AF than in cord serum during the third trimester. None of the growth-modulating factors in AF correlated with birth weight, after correction for gestational age; birth weight percentile distribution was comparable in two groups of newborns who had AF values of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP1, or C-peptide that were either less than or equal to the 50th percentile or more than the 50th percentile at sampling. However, placenta weight and the placenta weight to birth weight percentage were negatively correlated with AF IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP1; placenta weight to birth weight percentage was lower in pregnancies with IGFBP1 values more than the 50th percentile compared with those less than or equal to the 50th percentile at sampling. In conclusion, AF concentrations of IGFBP1 increase gradually between 14 and 20 wk gestational age and correlate with IGF-I and IGF-II levels; high IGFBP1 levels do not predict small for gestational age newborns, but are associated with lower placenta weight.
CdGAP regulates cell migration and adhesion dynamics in two‐and three‐dimensional matrix environments

CdGAP is a Rac1/Cdc42 specific GTPase activating protein (GAP) that localizes to cell–matrix adhesions through an interaction with the adhesion scaffold α‐parvin/actopaxin to regulate lamellipodia formation and cell spreading. Herein, we demonstrate, using a combination of siRNA‐mediated silencing and overexpression, that cdGAP negatively regulates directed and random migration by controlling adhesion maturation and dynamics through the regulation of both adhesion assembly and disassembly. Interestingly, cdGAP was also localized to adhesions formed in three‐dimensional (3D) matrix environments and cdGAP depletion promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through 3D matrices. These findings highlight the importance of GAP proteins in the regulation of Rho family GTPases and the coordination of the cell migration machinery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Feedback Channel Delay over Joint User Scheduling Scheme and Separated Random User Scheduling Scheme in LTE-A System with Carrier Aggregation

In Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A), the signal quality in a wireless channel is estimated based on the channel quality measurements. The measurement results are used to select suitable modulation and coding scheme for each transmission, feedback, and processing delay, which can cause a mismatch between channel quality information (CQI) and current channel state at the base station. However, prospect delays in the reception of such CQI may lead to a system performance degradation. This study analyzes the impact of CQI feedback delay on joint user scheduling (JUS) scheme and separated random user scheduling (SRUS) scheme in LTE-A system over carrier aggregation. The analysis will be compared with the system having delayed channel and perfect knowledge at different deployment scenario. We will study the throughput performance of both scheduling schemes with different deployment scenario, and then recommend the suitable deployment scenario to keep the desired QoS for a specific number of users. Results show that, in main beam directed at sector boundaries and diverse coverage, JUS scheme performs better than SRUS, which can justify the intensive use of user equipment power and extra control signaling overhead.