Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boosting grammatical inference with confidence oracles

In this paper we focus on the adaptation of boosting to grammatical inference. We aim at improving the performance of state merging algorithms in the presence of noisy data by using, in the update rule, additional information provided by an oracle. This strategy requires the construction of a new weighting scheme that takes into account the confidence in the labels of the examples. We prove that our new framework preserves the theoretical properties of boosting. Using the state merging algorithm RPNI*, we describe an experimental study on various datasets, showing a dramatic improvement of performances.
Machine Learning Techniques with Ontology for Subjective Answer Evaluation

Computerized Evaluation of English Essays is performed using Machine learning techniques like Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Generalized LSA, Bilingual Evaluation Understudy and Maximum Entropy. Ontology, a concept map of domain knowledge, can enhance the performance of these techniques. Use of Ontology makes the evaluation process holistic as presence of keywords, synonyms, the right word combination and coverage of concepts can be checked. In this paper, the above mentioned techniques are implemented both with and without Ontology and tested on common input data consisting of technical answers of Computer Science. Domain Ontology of Computer Graphics is designed and developed. The software used for implementation includes Java Programming Language and tools such as MATLAB, Protege, etc. Ten questions from Computer Graphics with sixty answers for each question are used for testing. The results are analyzed and it is concluded that the results are more accurate with use of Ontology.
“We follow the private tutors not the teachers”: An ethnographic insight into educational practices among the students of an Indian city

Private tuition (PT), a way to supplement teaching provided by professionals, is a growing issue of discussion through countries. The present ethnography on the school students of an Indian city aims to explore and interpret the causes and consequences of popularization of PT that how it gradually is pervading in formal educational curriculum and seriously disrupting the emotion of higher secondary students to their school. It executes an insight into the meanings and practices of the students about PT and school learning and explored certain practices like, students’ and their parents’ rush for securing higher rank in school examination, strong motivation to accumulate human capital for securing advantageous position in higher education and profession in the future, school teachers’ inefficiency or (un)intentional indifference to the process of teaching at school, private tutors’ expectations for earning more perceiving tuition as a business strategy, contemporary system of evaluation and student-teacher ratio as the loci to deal with the issue. The significance of the study lies into grasping the ideas and rationales of the contemporary youth and their culture and contributing to the policies of contemporary education system.
Sparse index multiple access for multi-carrier systems with precoding

In this paper, we consider subcarrier-index modulation (SIM) for precoded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a few activated subcarriers per user and its generalization to multi-carrier multiple access systems. The resulting multiple access is called sparse index multiple access (SIMA). SIMA can be considered as a combination of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) and SIM. Thus, SIMA is able to exploit a path diversity gain by (random) spreading over multiple carriers as MC-CDMA. To detect multiple users' signals, a lowcomplexity detection method is proposed by exploiting the notion of compressive sensing (CS). The derived low-complexity detection method is based on the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, which is one of greedy algorithms used to estimate sparse signals in CS. From simulation results, we can observe that SIMA can perform better thanMC-CDMA when the ratio of the number of users to the number of multi-carrier is low.
Regulation of TLR signaling and inflammation by SOCS family proteins

Immune and inflammatory systems are controlled by multiple cytokines, including interleukins and interferons. These cytokines exert their biological functions through Janus tyrosine kinases and signal transducer and activator of transcription factors. The cytokine‐inducible Src homology 2 protein (CIS) and suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are a family of intracellular proteins, several of which have emerged as key physiological regulators of cytokine responses, including those that regulate the inflammatory systems. In this short review, we focused on the molecular mechanism of the action of CIS/SOCS family proteins and their roles in Toll‐like receptor signal regulation and inflammatory diseases.
Graph-based personalized recommendation in social tagging systems

In recent years, users of ambient intelligence environments have been overwhelmed by the huge numbers of social media available. Consequentially, users have trouble finding social media suited to their needs. To help users in ambient environment get relevant media tailored to their interests, we propose a new method which adapts the Katz measure, a path-ensemble based proximity measure, for the use in social tagging services. We model the ternary relations among user, resource and tag as a weighted, undirected tripartite graph. We then apply the Katz measure to this graph, and exploit it to provide personalized recommendation for individual users within ambient intelligence environments. The experimental evaluations show that the proposed method improves the recommendation performance compared to existing algorithms.
Achievement Place

In recent years there has been a move away from the traditional institutionalization of deviant members of society and a step toward community-based treatment models. The present paper summarizes and analyzes one such community-based treatment facility for predelinquent boys. Three distinguishing features of the Achievement Place program are elaborated on in some detail: (1) the utilization of a token economy point system as a primary therapeutic tool, (2) the development of a series of well-controlled experiments enabling the establishment of functional relationships across behaviors, and (3) the training of teaching-parents. A variety of target behaviors are systematically reviewed. Overall evaluation of the Achievement Place program is undertaken in light of a number of issues considered relevant to scientific investigation. Recommendations are made for continued research to define more clearly the parameters of the existing model.
Early Events in the Anoikis Program Occur in the Absence of Caspase Activation*

Adhesion of many cell types to the extracellular matrix is essential to maintain their survival. In the absence of integrin-mediated signals, normal epithelial cells undergo a form of apoptosis termed anoikis. It has been proposed that the activation of initiator caspases is an early event in anoikis, resulting in Bid cleavage and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. We have previously demonstrated that the loss of integrin signaling in mammary epithelial cells results in apoptosis and that this is dependent upon translocation of Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria. In this paper, we ask whether caspases are required for Bax activation and the associated changes within mitochondria. We show that Bax activation occurs extremely rapidly, within 15 min after loss of integrin-mediated adhesion to extracellular matrix. The conformational changes associated with Bax activation are independent of caspases including the initiator caspase-8. We also examined downstream events in the apoptosis program and found that cytochrome c release occurs after a delay of at least 1 h, with subsequent activation of the effector caspase-3. This delay is not due to a requirement for new protein synthesis, since cycloheximide has no effect on the kinetics of Bax activation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 cleavage, or apoptosis. Together, our data indicate that the cellular decision for anoikis in mammary epithelial cells occurs in the absence of caspase activation. Moreover, although the conformational changes in Bax are rapid and synchronous, the subsequent events occur stochastically and with considerable delays.
Social outcomes in schizophrenia

Background Outcomes reflecting the social situation are widely considered as important in the treatment of people with schizophrenia Aims To review concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia and the corresponding assessment instruments Method Non-systematic literature review and reflection on conceptual and methodological issues Results Concepts of social outcomes in schizophrenia lack agreed definitions and theoretical models. A fundamental issue is the distinction between objective and subjective indicators. More research has focused on subjective indicators, which are only weaklly correllated with objective life situation and show consistent correlations with mood. Various assessment instruments have been developed pragmatically, particularly to measure quality of life and social functioning, and the literature provides extensive data for comparison Conclusions Established instruments exist to measure social outcomes in schizophrenia. Their use requires an awareness of the specific strengths and limitations
Improving the Performance of Mouse Dynamics Based Authentication Using Machine Learning Algorithm

To diminish the behavioral variability of mouse dynamics, the machine learning algorithm was proposed. Mouse dynamics is the process of identifying the user based on their mouse operating behavior. The dataset includes co-ordinates values, time stamp value and mouse operation. From this dataset, the schematic features, holistic features and motor-skill features like average speed, average distance, mean, standard deviation and mouse silence ratio, velocity, slope angle, curvature were extracted to obtain feature vector. The obtained feature vector can be applied to the dimensionality reduction based approach, diffusion map to reduce the dimension of the feature vector that compared with ISOMAP (Isometric Feature Mapping). Without dimensionality reduction based method the classification process was difficult. The machine learning algorithm i.e.) hop field network to be used to identify whether the given input sample was authenticated user (or) unauthenticated.
Multiple ellipse fitting by center-based clustering

This paper deals with the multiple ellipse fitting problem based on a given set of data points in a plane. The presumption is that all data points are derived from k ellipses that should be fitted. The problem is solved by means of center-based clustering, where cluster centers are ellipses. If the Mahalanobis distance-like function is introduced in each cluster, then the cluster center is represented by the corresponding Mahalanobis circle-center. The distance from a point $a \in \mathbb{R}^2$ to the Mahalanobis circle is based on the algebraic criterion. The well-known k-means algorithm has been adapted to search for a locally optimal partition of the Mahalanobis circle-centers. Several numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed algorithm.
Trust as Process: A Study in the Application of Whiteheadian Thinking to Emotional Experiences.

This paper examines interpersonal trust from a Whiteheadian perspective. As such, it aims to show how Whitehead’s thinking can be applied to complex human experiences in such a way as to reveal the nature of the processes that go toward their development. The paper begins with a theoretical explication of trust derived from the contemporary social scientific literature. The development of trust, a key component of human society, is argued to be a subjective and processual phenomenon. In the light of this discussion the paper uses appropriate elements of Whitehead’s Philosophy of Organism to provide a description of trust’s development in an individual for another individual, and its consequent impact on their co-operative behaviour. It thereby attempts to uncover the hitherto inaccessible micro-processes that go towards the development and continuation of interpersonal trust. In so doing, the paper seeks to demonstrate the explanatory power of an aspect of Whitehead’s work, his elucidation of human ‘emotional experience’, that is perhaps too often overlooked as a comparatively minor and non-technical use of his categoreal scheme.
Attitudinal and Psychological Characteristics of Substance Abusers

The present study investigates the relationship of attitudinal and psychological characteristics of substance abusers among a sample of 180 subjects. Personal Data Sheet and Attitudinal & Psychological Characteristic Scale were used to collect data. Comparison of mean scores was done using ‘t’ test. Results revealed that significant difference exist between attitudinal and psychological characteristics of normal’s, alcoholic group and poly drug users. © 2013 Guru Journal Behavioral and Social Sciences
Distributing Storage in Cloud Environments

Cloud computing has a major impact on today's IT strategies. Outsourcing applications from IT departments to the cloud relieves users from building big infrastructures as well as from building the corresponding expertise, and allows them to focus on their main competences and businesses. One of the main hurdles of cloud computing is that not only the application, but also the data has to be moved to the cloud. Networking speed severely limits the amount of data that can travel between the cloud and the user, between different sites of the same cloud provider, or indeed between different cloud providers. It is therefore important to keep applications near the data itself. This paper investigates in which way load balancing of the computational resources as well as the data locality can be maintained at the same time. We apply recent results from balls-into-bins theory to test their applicability to cloud storage environments. We show that it is possible to both balance the load nearly perfectly and to keep the data close to its origin. The results are based on theoretical analyses and simulation of the underlying physical infrastructure of the Internet.
Hypertension screening during healthcare pediatric visits

Background: Guidelines in both Europe and the United States recommend screening for hypertension during child care pediatric visits in children above 3 years old. The aims of the study were to assess the frequency of blood pressure (BP) measurement during preventive or chronic care pediatric visits and determine the factors that may associate with screening. Method: We prospectively included in the study consecutive children hospitalized in our department. Anthropometric measurements were performed in all children. Office BP was measured in children above 5 years old and mothers and/or fathers. Personal and family history, and self-reported BP screening during pediatric visits were recorded. Results: Hypertension screening had been performed at least once in 45.3% of the children during pediatric visits. Fifty per cent of the children with elevated BP levels had never been screened for hypertension. Low birth weight, history of prematurity, or chronic disease was not associated with increased frequency of screening, whereas screening was more likely in children above 3 years old with positive personal history (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 1.07–5.15, P < 0.05). Obesity tended to increase the frequency of hypertension screening in all ages (odds ratio 2.60, 95% confidence interval 0.93–7.28, P = 0.06). Moreover, 37.5% of children without positive personal history exhibited BP levels above the 90th percentile, and 13.5% of mothers and 31.1% of fathers were not aware of their own elevated BP levels. Conclusion: These findings suggest that hypertension screening does not occur during pediatric visits for a considerable percentage of children, although a significant number of children and adolescents without positive history of hypertension or chronic disease may have elevated office BP levels.
Mesenteric blood pressure profile of conscious, freely moving rats.

1. Blood pressure has been measured in the aorta and at four points in the mesenteric circulation of conscious, freely moving rats under physiological, resting conditions. 2. Using small polythene catheters, blood pressure was measured simultaneously in the aorta and either distally in the superior mesenteric artery (group A), at the base of a mesenteric arterial arcade (vessel diameter ca 100 microns) (group B), at the base of a mesenteric venous arcade (group C) or distally in the superior mesenteric vein (group D). Local blood flow distribution proximal and distal to the measurement point was restored after the cannulations through appropriate ligations. 3. In conscious animals 5‐17 h after surgery, systemic mean blood pressure was 121 +/‐ 2 mmHg. Local pressures at the four locations (as a percentage of systemic pressure) were: 95 +/‐ 1% in group A, 64 +/‐ 2% in group B, 13 +/‐ 1% in group C and 7 +/‐ 1% in group D. Thus, large arteries dissipated 5% of the total pressure drop, arcade small arteries 31%, the intramural circulation 51%, arcade veins 6% and the remaining veins plus the hepatic circulation 7%. 4. Immediately after surgery, the corresponding pressure drops were 4, 16, 66, 5 and 9%, respectively, thus emphasizing that the pressure profile can be profoundly affected by surgery and anaesthesia. 5. The data indicate that under resting conditions in conscious, freely moving rats, half the mesenteric vascular resistance resides outside the intramural circulation, primarily in the arcade small arteries.
A fast and provably bounded failure analysis of memory circuits in high dimensions

Memory circuits have become important components in today's IC designs which demands extremely high integration density and reliability under process variations. The most challenging task is how to accurately estimate the extremely small failure probability of memory circuits where the circuit failure is a “rare event”. Classic importance sampling has been widely recognized to be inaccurate and unreliable in high dimensions. To address this issue, we propose a fast statistical analysis to estimate the probability of rare events in high dimensions and prove that the estimation is always bounded. This methodology has been successfully applied to the failure analysis of memory circuits with hundreds of variables, which was considered to be very intractable before. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that successfully solves high dimensional “rare event” problems without using expensive Monte Carlo and classic importance sampling methods. Experiments on a 54-dimensional SRAM cell circuit show that the proposed approach achieves 1150x speedup over Monte Carlo without compromising any accuracy. It also outperforms the classification based method (e.g., Statistical Blockade) by 204x and existing importance sampling method (e.g., Spherical Sampling) by 5x. On another 117-dimension circuit, the proposed approach yields 364x speedup over Monte Carlo while existing importance sampling methods completely fail to provide reasonable accuracy.
AA 278 A Lecture Notes 9 . Controllers for Safety for Continuous Systems

In the last lectures we have discussed optimal control and game theory for continuous systems: we highlighted mathematical tools (calculus of variations and dynamic programming) that may be used to solve these problems. In this lecture, we show how these methods may be applied to the problem of solving the reachability problem and synthesizing controllers for continuous systems: ẋ(t) = f(x(t), u(t), d(t)) (1)
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in Bovine Cerebral Arteries

The participation of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the neurogenic regulation of bovine cerebral arteries was investigated. Nitrergic nerve fibers and ganglion-like groups of neurons were revealed by NADPH-diaphorase staining in the adventitial layer of bovine cerebral arteries. NADPH diaphorase also was present in endothelial cells but not in the smooth muscle layer. Double immunolabeling for neuronal nitric oxide synthase and VIP indicated that both molecules co-localized in the same nerve fibers in these vessels. Transmural nerve stimulation (200 mA, 0.2 milliseconds, 1 to 8 Hz) of endothelium-denuded bovine cerebral artery rings precontracted with prostaglandin F2α, produced tetrodotoxin-sensitive relaxations that were completely suppressed by NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and by the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline (ODQ), but were not affected by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purin-6-amine (SQ 22,536), nor by VIP tachyphylaxis induced by pretreatment with 1 μmol/L VIP. Transmural nerve stimulation also elicited increases in intracellular cyclic GMP concentration, which were prevented by l-NAME, and small decreases in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration. Addition of VIP to bovine cerebral artery rings without endothelium produced a concentration-dependent relaxation that was partially inhibited by l-NAME, ODQ, and SQ 22,536. The effects of l-NAME and SQ 22,536 were additive. VIP induced a transient increase in intracellular cyclic GMP concentration, which was maximal 1 minute after VIP addition, when the highest relaxation rate was observed, and which was blocked by l-NAME. It is concluded that nitric oxide produced by perivascular neurons and nerve fibers fully accounts for the experimental neurogenic relaxation of bovine cerebral arteries and that VIP, which also is present in the same perivascular fibers, acts as a neuromodulator by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
Two-Layer Coding Rate Optimization in Relay-Aided Systems

We consider a three-node transmission system, where a source node conveys a data block to a destination node with the help of a half-duplex decode and-forward (DF) relay node. The whole data block is transmitted as a sequence of packets. For reliable transmission in the three-node system, a two-layer coding scheme is proposed, where physical layer channel coding is utilized within each packet for error-correction and random network coding is applied on top of channel coding for network error-control. There is a natural tradeoff between the physical layer coding rate and the network coding rate given different system performance requirements. For different objectives, two optimization problems are formulated and solutions are presented. One is to minimize the outage probability given the efficiency requirement, while the other one is to maximize the transmission efficiency given the outage probability requirement. Numerical results are also provided to show the optimized physical layer coding and network coding rate pairs in different system scenarios.