Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selected gene polymorphisms and their interaction with maternal smoking, as risk factors for gastroschisis.

BACKGROUND Gastroschisis is a severe birth defect in which the infant is born with a portion of the intestines extruding through a small tear in the abdominal wall, usually to the right of the umbilical cord. Its etiology is unknown, but the prevailing hypothesis is that it results from a vascular accident at the time of involution of the right umbilical vein or of the development of the superior mesenteric artery. METHODS In a case-control study of 57 cases of gastroschisis and 506 controls, we tested DNA for polymorphisms of 32 genes representing enzymes involved in angiogenesis, blood vessel integrity, inflammation, wound repair, and dermal or epidermal strength. RESULTS In logistic regression, controlling for maternal ethnicity, and using the homozygote wild-type as referent, the following gene polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk for a gastroschisis for heterozygotes: ICAM1 gly241arg (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 -3.4); NOS3 glu298asp (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1-3.4); NPPA 2238T > C (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.4); and ADD1 gly460trp (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.8-2.8). Additionally, for the NPPA and ADD1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), the homozygote variants had a significantly higher risk than the heterozygotes (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.7-33.5 and OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.9-12.9, respectively). Three SNPs showed a strong interaction with maternal smoking. The risk for smokers with 1 or 2 variant alleles compared to nonsmokers with the wild-type allele were: NOS3 (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.4-11.4); ICAM1 (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.1-12.7); and NPPA (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 2.8-14.6). CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis of a vascular compromise as part of a multifactorial etiology of gastroschisis involving both genes and environmental factors.
Tongue Diagnosis System Based on PCA and SVM

— In this study, we propose a tongue diagnosis method which detects the tongue from face image and divides the tongue area into six areas, and finally generates tongue coating ratio of each area. To detect the tongue area from face image, we use ASM as one of the active shape models. Detected tongue area is divided into six areas widely used in the Korean traditional medicine and the distribution of tongue coating of the six areas is examined by SVM(Support Vector Machine). For SVM, we use a 3-dimensional vector calculated by PCA(Principal Component Analysis) from a 12-dimentional vector consisting of RGB, HIS, Lab, and Luv. As a result, we detected the tongue area stably using ASM and found that PCA and SVM helped raise the ratio of tongue coating detection.
Adults' Arithmetic Builds on Fast and Automatic Processing of Arabic Digits: Evidence from an Audiovisual Matching Paradigm

Several studies have shown that performance on symbolic number tasks is related to individual differences in arithmetic. However, it is not clear which process is responsible for this association, i.e. fast, automatic processing of symbols per se or access to the underlying non-symbolic representation of the symbols. To dissociate between both options, adult participants performed an audiovisual matching paradigm. Auditory presented number words needed to be matched with either Arabic digits or dot patterns. The results revealed that a distance effect was present in the dots-number word matching task and absent in the digit-number word matching task. Crucially, only performance in the digit task contributed to the variance in arithmetical abilities. This led us to conclude that adults' arithmetic builds on the ability to quickly and automatically process Arabic digits, without the underlying non-symbolic magnitude representation being activated.
Generation and Quality Assessment of Stereo-Extracted DSM From GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2 Imagery

Digital surface models (DSMs) extracted from 15 different stereo pairs attained by the combination of GeoEye-1 (GE1) and WorldView-2 (WV2) panchromatic very high resolution (VHR) satellite images are tested. Two of them are pure same-date along-track stereo pairs, one from each VHR satellite, whereas the rest are mixed multidate across-track ones. A quality assessment on the DSMs extracted from the aforementioned stereo pairs, involving both accuracy and completeness, is carried out. Several factors are tested such as sensor model used in the bundle adjustment, number of ground control points (GCPs), radiometric characteristics, satellite imaging geometry, time between acquisition dates, and target land cover. A highly accurate light detection and ranging elevation data is used as ground truth. Overall, 3-D rational functions refined by a zero-order polynomial adjustment by using 7 or 12 GCPs performed slightly better regarding both DSM vertical accuracy and completeness. In relation to the pure stereo pairs, the DSM extracted from the GE1 stereo pair attained better vertical accuracy over the whole study area (90th percentile linear error, LE90, of 2.04 m) but lower completeness (74.50%) than the WV2 one (2.56 m and 83.35%, respectively). The undergoing hypothesis is that the blurrier images from WV2 could have influenced in the improvement of the matching success rate while reducing the vertical accuracy of extracted points. When all the 15 stereo pairs are considered, the vertical accuracy mainly depends on the convergence angle. In addition, the temporal difference between acquisition dates turned out to be the most influential factor regarding completeness values.
Effects of Acrylamide Toxicity on Growth Performance and Serobiochemisty of Wistar Rats

The present study was conducted to obtain information on the effects of various dietary doses of the Acrylamide on Wistar rats. Emphasis was put on changes on growth and serobiochemical constituents of treated rats. Extra pure Acrylamide was fed to Wistar rats at 10, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg, respectively of the standard diet for 6 weeks. Acrylamide was then withdrawn from the diet for four weeks. Incorporation in diet of the doses 10, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg acrylamide was toxic to Wistar rats, but fatal only to those of group 5 fed on 90 mg/kg, where five rats (62.5%) died on day 18 of the experimental period. Depression in growth was observed in rats that had been fed on the experimental doses for 6 weeks. Neurotoxicity was observed only in the rats fed on acrylamide at 10 (Group 2) and 60 mg/kg (Group 4). These findings were accompanied by alterations in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and albumin, globulin and cholesterol concentrations. The alteration on enzymes activities, urea and cholesterol remained even after the 4 weeks withdrawal of acrylamide, whereas, total protein, albumin, globulins and electrolytes concentration returned to their normal values. Acrylamide is considered neurotoxic at dietary levels of 10 and 60 mg/kg and enterohepatonephrotoxic to Wistar rats at dietary level of 10, 30, 60 and 90 mg/kg and fatal at the treatment dose of 90 mg/kg.
Proof Driven Development

A new workflow for software development (proof-driven development) is presented. An extension of test-driven development, the new workflow utilizes the paradigm of dependently typed programming. The differences in design, complexity and provability of software are discussed, based on the technique used to create the system. Furthermore, the difference in what properties can be expressed in a proof-driven development workflow versus a traditional test-driven development workflow or using test-last development.
The essence of being connected: the lived experience of mothers with young children in newer residential areas

Parenthood is a significant life transition and a time of increased social support need. In newer residential areas, a lag in social infrastructure and family relocation can influence potential isolation of families with young children. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of being connected to local communities for mothers with children aged 0–5 years. Family insights were obtained through in-depth interviews with 12 mothers who were primary caregivers, homeowners and living in newer residential areas in outer suburban Perth, Western Australia. For mothers with young children, being connected to the local community appears to be shaped from their past and present lived experience as well as future aspirations. Connectedness evolves and may develop more slowly in newer communities where social relationships and networks are often recently formed. ‘Interaction’, ‘knowing what's going on’ and ‘help is nearby if you need it’ were identified as the essential themes of connectedness for mothers and families in this study. Belonging was identified as an incidental theme as not all mothers who felt connected felt like they belonged. The findings provide insight for professionals and agencies working with families with young children as well as planners of newer residential areas.
SDPT3 -- A Matlab Software Package for Semidefinite Programming

This invention relates to stabilizing compositions; to the process for preparing a novel halogen-containing polymer; and to polymers stabilized against the deteriorative effect of heat which comprises a vinyl chloride or vinylidene chloride homopolymer or copolymer and a stabilizing amount of: as a first stabilizer an organotin halide exhibiting the formula RSnX3 wherein R is a hydrocarbon and X is halogen and as a second stabilizer a sulfur-containing organotin compound exhibiting two direct carbon to tin bonds and two direct sulfur to tin bonds.
Personal therapy for therapists and trainees: a theory of reflective practice from a review of the literature

This review considered the literature relating to the use of personal therapy by psychological therapists and trainees in terms of its impact upon clinical practice since the last major review in 1998. The literature suggests that while therapists report that personal therapy benefits clinical practice, there is little evidence of direct benefit to clients. Furthermore, the literature has so far failed to provide a comprehensive model that is able to explain how therapy might impact on clinical and reflective practice. The findings of this review are cross‐referenced to develop a theory that attempts to explain the development of reflective practice through therapy and consider the implications of this for teaching and training therapists.
Sensitivity and response bias in fear of spiders

According to cognitive theories of anxiety, phobic patients are searching the environment for threatening stimuli, and detecting them rapidly. However, previous studies failed to find a lowered perceptual threshold for threatening stimuli in specific phobias. Therefore, two experiments applying a signal detection paradigm were conducted. Highly spider fearful and nonfearful participants were asked to decide whether a picture of a spider, beetle, or butterfly was presented. In both experiments, spider fearfuls were not better at detecting spiders, or any other animal, than healthy controls. Instead, spider fearfuls were more liberal in assuming that they had seen a spider or a beetle. In accord with earlier studies, these results suggest that spider phobics may exhibit an interpretation bias rather than improved detection of threat.
Testing past tense inflection in Norwegian: a diagnostic tool for identifying SLI children?

Specifically language impaired (SLI) children are known to have particular problems with morphology. Their morphological competence varies, however, in accordance with the morphological structure of the language they are learning. This article examines the past tense inflection of verbs in Norwegian, a Germanic language with a verbal morphology similar to that of English, but with a less clear-cut division into regular (weak) and irregular (strong) patterns. Experimental data from SLI children (aged 6 and 8), as well as from normally developing children (aged 4–8) and adults, were studied. The data were collected by means of a test constructed to find out how input factors like type and token frequency and phonological factors influence the acquisition and processing of past tense inflection. The goal is to evaluate whether these factors have the same effect on SLI children as on normally developing children. Also discussed is the extent to which the results of the test may function as a screening tool for identifying children with a language disorder.
To think outside the paper ” : The case of Estonia

This article intends to give an overview of the lexicographic scene in Estonia from the perspective of modern lexicography, i.e. e-lexicography. We have been developing our in-house Dictionary Writing System EELex for some time already. However, the modern lexicography expects more: the multifunctionality of the database, special needs of the specific user, etc. I will briefly characterise some of the lexical resources of Estonian, tools for lexicographers, as well as some theoretical matters together with the issues of language technology, e.g. the concept-based method vs. word-based method (Tavast 2008) for compiling dictionaries. I will sum up with an overview of typical properties of online Estonian dictonaries.
Measuring PI3K Activation: Clinicopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and RNA Expression Analysis in Prostate Cancer

Assessing the extent of PI3K pathway activity in cancer is vital to predicting sensitivity to PI3K-targeting drugs, but the best biomarker of PI3K pathway activity in archival tumor specimens is unclear. Here, PI3K pathway activation was assessed, in clinical tissue from 1,021 men with prostate cancers, using multiple pathway nodes that include PTEN, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), and stathmin. Based on these markers, a 9-point score of PI3K activation was created using the combined intensity of the 4-markers and analyzed its association with proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis (TUNEL), and androgen receptor (AR) status, as well as pathologic features and cancer-specific outcomes. In addition, the PI3K activation score was compared with mRNA expression profiling data for a large subset of men. Interestingly, those tumors with higher PI3K activation scores also had higher Gleason grade (P = 0.006), increased AR (r = 0.37; P < 0.001) and Ki67 (r = 0.24; P < 0.001), and decreased TUNEL (r = −0.12; P = 0.003). Although the PI3K activation score was not associated with an increased risk of lethal outcome, a significant interaction between lethal outcome, Gleason and high PI3K score (P = 0.03) was observed. Finally, enrichment of PI3K-specific pathways was found in the mRNA expression patterns differentiating the low and high PI3K activation scores; thus, the 4-marker IHC score of PI3K pathway activity correlates with features of PI3K activation. Implications: The relationship of this activation score to sensitivity to anti-PI3K agents remains to be tested but may provide more precision guidance when selecting patients for these therapies. Mol Cancer Res; 13(10); 1431–40. ©2015 AACR.
Do childcare arrangements make the difference? a multilevel approach to the intention of having a second child in Italy

Does more support in childcare increase the mother's desire to have a second child? An answer to this question was sought in Italy, a country characterised by very low fertility. The paper explores the existence of effects on individual decisions at different levels, in the hypotheses that fertility preferences are not only related to women's individual traits, but also affected by the interactions with the surrounding social network and by the opportunity/constraints of the context of residence. Data from the ISTAT Survey on Births completed in 2005 were used to study the impact of different childcare arrangements on expected fertility of women who had a child between 18 to 21 months prior to their interviews (N = 5145). A multilevel strategy of analysis was adopted to assess the existence of a contextual effect beyond the observed individual effects. Working women in the sample have the same fertility intentions as non-working women, but these expectations are conditioned by several factors. A higher paternal commitment in childbirth, childcare and household chores is positively associated to the intention of a second child; help from the informal family network shows a significant positive effect on women's childbearing intentions. Finally, and although the empirical analysis here performed does not provide clear evidence of autonomous contextual effects, it is argued that individual behaviours are connected to the context in which they belong and researchers' efforts should be directed towards its correct specification, transcending the standard geographical focus of social contextualisation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of cyclic AMP response element binding protein–Zhangfei (CREBZF) on the unfolded protein response and cell growth are exerted through the tumor suppressor p53

Zhangfei/CREBZF, a basic region-leucine zipper (bLZip) transcription factor, is a potent suppressor of growth and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in some cancer cell lines, including the canine osteosarcoma cell line, D-17. However, the effects of Zhangfei are not universal, and it has no obvious effects on untransformed cells and some cancer cell lines, suggesting that Zhangfei may act through an intermediary that is either not induced or is defective in cells that it does not affect. Here we identify the tumor suppressor protein p53 as this intermediary. We show the following: in cells ectopically expressing Zhangfei, the protein stabilizes p53 and co-localizes with it in cellular nuclei; the bLZip domain of Zhangfei is required for its profound effects on cell growth and interaction with p53. Suppression of p53 by siRNA at least partially inhibits the effects of Zhangfei on the UPR and cell growth. The effects of Zhangfei on D-17 cells is mirrored by its effects on the p53-expressing human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS, while Zhangfei has no effect on the p53-null osteosarcoma cell line MG63. In U2OS cells, Zhangfei displaces the E3 ubiquitin ligase mouse double minute homolog 2 (Mdm2) from its association with p53, suggesting a mechanism for the effects of Zhangfei on p53.
Accuracy of intra-articular injection of the glenohumeral joint: a cadaveric study.

Intra-articular glenohumeral injections are an important part of orthopedic practices for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Forty human cadaver shoulders were injected, 20 anteriorly and 20 posteriorly, to assess the accuracy of injections placed in the glenohumeral joint. After the needle was placed, 1 cc of gadolinium was injected into the joint to determine accuracy of position. The radiographic presence of intra-articular contrast was judged as an accurate injection. The anterior approach had an 80% accuracy rate and . 75 positive predictive value. The posterior approach had a 50% accuracy rate and a . 67 positive predictive value. Anterior injections produce a higher rate of accuracy than posterior injections.
Estimating probabilities in recommendation systems

Summary. Recommendation systems are emerging as an important business application with significant economic impact. Currently popular systems include Amazon's book recommendations, Netflix's movie recommendations and Pandora's music recommendations. We address the problem of estimating probabilities associated with recommendation system data by using non‐parametric kernel smoothing. In our estimation we interpret missing items as randomly censored observations of preference relations and obtain efficient computation schemes by using combinatorial properties of generating functions. We demonstrate our approach with several case‐studies involving real world movie recommendation data. The results are comparable with state of the art techniques while also providing probabilistic preference estimates outside the scope of traditional recommender systems.
Reconstitution of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen-dependent Repair of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Sites with Purified Human Proteins*

An apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site is one of the most abundant lesions spontaneously generated in living cells and is also a reaction intermediate in base excision repair. In higher eukaryotes, there are two alternative pathways for base excision repair: a DNA polymerase β-dependent pathway and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-dependent pathway. Here we have reconstituted PCNA-dependent repair of AP sites with six purified human proteins: AP endonuclease, replication factor C, PCNA, flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), DNA polymerase δ, and DNA ligase I. The length of nucleotides replaced during the repair reaction (patch size) was predominantly two nucleotides, although longer patches of up to seven nucleotides could be detected. Neither replication protein A nor Ku70/80 enhanced the repair activity in this system. Disruption of the PCNA-binding site of either FEN1 or DNA ligase I significantly reduced efficiency of AP site repair but did not affect repair patch size.
Dynamic Routing on Networks with Fixed-Size Bu ers Extended Abstract

The combination of the bu er size of routers deployed in the Internet and the Internet tra c itself leads routinely to routers dropping packets. Motivated by this, we initiate the rigorous study of dynamic storeand-forward routing on arbitrary networks in a model in which dropped packets must explicitly be taken into account. To avoid the uncertainties of tra c modeling, we consider arbitrary tra c on the network. We analyze and compare the e ectiveness of several greedy, on-line, local-control protocols using a competitive analysis of the throughput. One goal of our approach is for the competitive results to continue to hold as a network grows without requiring the memory in the nodes to increase with the size of the network. Thus, in our model, we have link bu ers of xed size, B, which is independent of the size of the network, and B becomes a parameter of the model. Our results are in contrast to another adversarial tra c model known as Adversarial Queuing Theory (AQT), which studies the stability and growth rate of queues as a function of the network and tra c parameters. For example, in AQT the Furthest-To-Go (FTG) protocol is stable for all networks whereas Nearest-ToGo (NTG) can be unstable for some networks. Unlike AQT, in our setting NTG is preferable to FTG: we show that the NTG protocol is throughput-competitive on all networks whereas the FTG protocol has unbounded competitiveness whenever a network contains even small cycles.
The MSIIP system for dialog state tracking challenge 5

We present our work in Dialog State Tracking Challenge 5, the main task of which is to track dialog state on human-human conversations cross language. Firstly a probabilistic enhanced framework is used to represent sub-dialog, which consists of three parts, the input model for extracting features, the enhanced model for updating dialog state and the output model to give the tracking frame. Meanwhile, parallel language systems are proposed to overcome inaccuracy caused by machine translation for cross language testing. We also introduce a new iterative alignment method extended from our work in DSTC4. Furthermore, a slot-based score averaging method is introduced to build an ensemble by combining different trackers. Results of our DSTC5 system show that our method significantly improves tracking performance compared with baseline method.