Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Heat-seeking honeypots: design and experience

Many malicious activities on the Web today make use of compromised Web servers, because these servers often have high pageranks and provide free resources. Attackers are therefore constantly searching for vulnerable servers. In this work, we aim to understand how attackers find, compromise, and misuse vulnerable servers. Specifically, we present heat-seeking honeypots that actively attract attackers, dynamically generate and deploy honeypot pages, then analyze logs to identify attack patterns. Over a period of three months, our deployed honeypots, despite their obscure location on a university network, attracted more than 44,000 attacker visits from close to 6,000 distinct IP addresses. By analyzing these visits, we characterize attacker behavior and develop simple techniques to identify attack traffic. Applying these techniques to more than 100 regular Web servers as an example, we identified malicious queries in almost all of their logs.
NMR flow velocity mapping in random percolation model objects: Evidence for a power-law dependence of the volume-averaged velocity on the probe-volume radius.

Two- or three-dimensional lacunar objects were fabricated using computer-simulated random sitepercolation networks as templates. The flow of water pumped through the pore space was studied with the aid of nuclear-magnetic-resonance- ~NMR! microscopy modified for mapping of the velocity vector field. The percolation backbones of the objects were determined by exclusion of all pixels or voxels of the spin-density images with velocities below the noise level. An evaluation procedure was established which reliably renders the fractal dimensions of the whole cluster and of its backbone. The volume-averaged velocity magnitude as a function of the probe-volume radius r was found to obey a power lawv V;r 2l in the range a,r,jv , where a is the voxel edge length and jv the velocity correlation length. The exponents turned out to be l50.3260. 04 and l50.8260. 03 for the two- and three-dimensional objects, respectively. In order to test the time dependence of the mean-squared displacement on fractals, ^r 2 &5at 2/dw, expected for random walks of a fractal dimension dw , self-diffusion of gaseous methane was examined in the pore spaces of the same objects with the aid of field-gradient NMR diffusometry. The results are in accordance with the theoretical predictions for anomalous diffusion on percolation clusters. This finding is supported by studies of incoherent water flow in the percolation network. @S1063-651X~96! 06510-5#
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) and Nitrotyrosine Immunoreactivity in the Spinal Cords of Transgenic Mice with a G93A Mutant SOD1 Gene

We performed a prospective, longitudinal immunohistochemical study of the spinal cords of transgenic mice with a G93A mutant SOD1 gene at 4 fixed points in time, using antibodies to inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine. The purpose of this study was to characterize the temporal and topographic distribution of iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the spinal cord over a certain period, thus illuminating the possible role of increased oxidative damage to the motor system in the neurodegenerative process in this animal model. Specimens from age-matched non-transgenic wild-type mice served as controls. The control mice showed no positive iNOS or nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the somata of anterior horn neurons or their neuronal processes at any age. On the other hand, the transgenic mice demonstrated a common immunostaining pattern of iNOS and nitrotyrosine in the anterior horn neurons. When the mice reached the age of 24 wk (early presymptomatic stage), the anterior horn neurons and their neuronal processes were occasionally immunostained for iNOS and nitrotyrosine; at 28 wk (late presymptomatic stage), the anterior horn neurons were not uncommonly immunostained; at 32 wk (early symptomatic stage) and 35 wk (end-stage), positive iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was frequently observed in proliferated reactive astrocytes as well as in the somata of the anterior horn cells. The selective localization of positive iNOS and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity in the anterior horn neurons suggests that oxidative stress may be involved in the pathomechanism of degeneration of motor neurons in this transgenic animal model.
Determining the Breadth of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific T Cell Response

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under the age of 5. Studies examining RSV infection in susceptible BALB/c mice indicate that both CD4 and CD8 T cells not only contribute to viral clearance but also facilitate RSV-induced disease. However, efforts to understand the mechanisms by which RSV-specific T cells mediate disease following acute RSV infection have been hampered by the lack of defined RSV-specific T cell epitopes. Using an overlapping peptide library spanning each of the RSV-derived proteins, intracellular cytokine staining for gamma interferon was utilized to identify novel RSV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell epitopes. Five novel CD8 T cell epitopes were revealed within the RSV fusion (F) protein and glycoprotein (G). In addition, five previously unidentified CD4 T cell epitopes were discovered, including epitopes in the phosphoprotein (P), polymerase protein (L), M2-1 protein, and nucleoprotein (N). Though the initial CD4 T cell epitopes were 15 amino acids in length, synthesis of longer peptides increased the frequency of responding CD4 T cells. Our results indicate that CD4 T cell epitopes that are 17 amino acids in length result in more optimal CD4 T cell stimulation than the commonly used 15-mer peptides. IMPORTANCE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection in children. T cells play a critical role in clearing an acute RSV infection, as well as contributing to RSV-induced disease. Here we examined the breadth of the RSV-specific T cell response, using for the first time an overlapping peptide library spanning the entire viral genome. We identified 5 new CD4 and 5 new CD8 T cell epitopes, including a CD8 T cell epitope within the G protein that was previously believed not to elicit a CD8 T cell response. Importantly, we also demonstrated that the use of longer, 17-mer peptides elicits a higher frequency of responding CD4 T cells than the more commonly used 15-mer peptides. Our results demonstrate the breadth of the CD4 and CD8 T cell response to RSV and demonstrate the importance of using longer peptides when stimulating CD4 T cell responses.
Systematic classification of melanoma cells by phenotype‐specific gene expression mapping

There is growing evidence that the metastatic spread of melanoma is driven not by a linear increase in tumorigenic aggressiveness, but rather by switching back and forth between two different phenotypes of metastatic potential. In vitro these phenotypes are respectively defined by the characteristics of strong proliferation/weak invasiveness and weak proliferation/strong invasiveness. Melanoma cell phenotype is tightly linked to gene expression. Taking advantage of this, we have developed a gene expression–based tool for predicting phenotype called Heuristic Online Phenotype Prediction. We demonstrate the predictive utility of this tool by comparing phenotype‐specific signatures with measurements of characteristics of melanoma phenotype‐specific biology in different melanoma cell lines and short‐term cultures. We further show that 86% of 536 tested melanoma lines and short‐term cultures are significantly associated with the phenotypes we describe. These findings reinforce the concept that a two‐state system, as described by the phenotype switching model, underlies melanoma progression.
A unified algorithm for moving interfaces and mixing zones in a multi-component compressible fluid model

We study a unified algorithm for moving interfaces and mixing zones in a multicomponent compressible fluid. We propose to use the downwind limited scheme (also called Ultra-Bee limiter in the context of pure advection), in order to avoid any artificial numerical spreading of interfaces or mixing zones. Various numerical simulations show the interest of this approach, for both interfaces and static/dynamic mixing zones.
Video: Data for studying human-computer interaction

Video is a powerful medium for capturing and conveying information about how people interact with computers. It provides a record of sequential streams of natural observations, some of which are subtle (body language and eye movements) and difficult to capture in any other form. Video also preserves the context as well as the content of a session and provides multi-faceted, qualitative data that can be analyzed on a number of different levels. The price of video equipment has dropped dramatically in recent years, while image quality, portability, and ease of use have all improved.
Endotoxin Adsorption by Polymyxin B Immobilized Fiber Column in Patients with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: The Japanese Experience

Abstract: The polymyxin B immobilized fiber column (PMX) has been used to treat septic shock patients since 1994 under the Japanese health insurance system. In 1997, the results of the first multicenter clinical study enrolling 42 patients were published, showing a significant reduction in the plasma endotoxin level of the survivors, whilst there was no change with the non‐survivors, following treatment with PMX. Body temperature, blood pressure and hemodynamic abnormalities were significantly improved after PMX treatment. The second multicenter study enrolling 88 patients demonstrated that in the survivors, the plasma level of mediators such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐10 and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) was significantly decreased following treatment with PMX. Recent studies investigating the mechanisms of PMX treatment have indicated that various mediators other than endotoxin might be adsorbed by PMX. Possible mediators include endogenous cannabinoids, such as macrophage‐derived anandamide, and platelet‐derived 2‐arachidonyl glyceride (2‐AG) and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for inducible NO synthase. The interaction between PMX and activated monocytes may suggest an alternative mechanism for the improvement in patient condition following PMX treatment. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of PMX treatment and to strengthen the scientific basis of this treatment.
SWIFT: software implemented fault tolerance

To improve performance and reduce power, processor designers employ advances that shrink feature sizes, lower voltage levels, reduce noise margins, and increase clock rates. However, these advances make processors more susceptible to transient faults that can affect correctness. While reliable systems typically employ hardware techniques to address soft-errors, software techniques can provide a lower-cost and more flexible alternative. This paper presents a novel, software-only, transient-fault-detection technique, called SWIFT. SWIFT efficiently manages redundancy by reclaiming unused instruction-level resources present during the execution of most programs. SWIFT also provides a high level of protection and performance with an enhanced control-flow checking mechanism. We evaluate an implementation of SWIFT on an Itanium 2 which demonstrates exceptional fault coverage with a reasonable performance cost. Compared to the best known single-threaded approach utilizing an ECC memory system, SWIFT demonstrates a 51% average speedup.
Selective restore: An energy efficient read disturbance mitigation scheme for future STT-MRAM

STT-MRAM (Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM) has recently emerged as one of the most promising memory technologies for constructing large capacity last level cache (LLC) of low power mobile processors. With fast technology scaling, STT-MRAM read operations will become destructive such that post-read restores are inevitable to ensure data reliability. However, frequent restores introduce large energy overheads. In this paper, we propose Selective Restore (SR), an energy efficient scheme to mitigate the restore overheads. Given a L2 cacheline disturbed from a read operation, SR postpones its restore till the cacheline being evicted from the upper level cache L1. Based on the status of the line at the eviction time, SR selectively restores the disturbed cells to achieve energy efficiency. Our experimental results show that SR improves system performance by 5% and reduces dynamic energy consumption by 62%.
Abduction and Deduction in Logic Programming for Access Control for Autonomic Systems

Autonomic communication and computing is the new paradigm for dynamic service integration over a network. An autonomic network crosses organizational and management boundaries and is provided by entities that see each other just as partners that need to collaborate with little known or even unknown parties. Policy-based network access and management already requires a paradigm shift in the access control mechanism: from identity-based access control to trust management and negotiation, but even this is not enough for cross-organizational autonomic communication. For many services no autonomic partner may guess a priori what will be sent by clients and clients may not know a priori what credentials are demanded for completing a service, which may require the orchestration of many different autonomic nodes. To solve this problem we propose to use interactive access control: servers should be able to get back to clients asking for missing or excessing credentials, whereas the latter may decide to supply or decline requested credentials and so on until a ﬁnal decision is taken. This proposal is grounded in a formal model on policy-based access control. It identifies the formal reasoning services of deduction, abduction and consistency checking that characterize the problem. It proposes two access control algorithms for stateless and stateful autonomic services and shows their completeness and correctness.
Brain-Computer Interfaces - A Survey on Interactive Virtual Environments

This paper provides an overview of electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and their present and potential uses in virtual environments and games. By reviewing relevant publications in the last 6 years, a cross-section of BCI research is given with respect to virtual environments providing insight into opportunities of future research.
A method for location of prosthetic and orthotic knee joints.

2 Chief, Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N. C; Chief, Orthopedic and Prosthetic Appliance Clinic Team, Veterans Administration Hospital, Durham, N. C. When it is necessary to use a mechanical knee joint, whether it be in a below-knee prosthesis or a long-leg brace, ideally there should be no relative motion between the patient's limb and the appliance during its use. Because the human knee is not a single-axis joint, analogues of the human knee employing more than one axis of rotation have been developed but none have proven practical, owing largely to bulkiness, but to some degree to cost. At this time, therefore, we are faced with the problem of determining a method of placing the center of rotation of a single-axis mechanical knee joint with respect to the knee so that the least amount of relative motion will occur between the patient and the appliance. This article describes a method of determining the optimum location of single-axis knee joints, based on data accumulated recently from X-rays and from cadaver dissection.
FIASCO: Filtering the Internet by Automatic Subtree Classification, Osnabr¨ uck

The FIASCO system implements a machine-learning approach for the automatic removal of boilerplate (navigation bars, link lists, page headers and footers, etc.) from Web pages in order to make them available as a clean and useful corpus for linguistic purposes. The system parses an HTML document into a DOM tree representation and identifies a set of disjoint subtrees that correspond to text blocks, headers or list items. Each block is then represented as a vector of linguistic, structural and visual features. A support vector machine classifier is used to distinguish between “clean” and “dirty” blocks. Dirty blocks are removed from the HTML tree before it is passed to the Lynx browser for conversion into plain text. The SVM classifier was trained and evaluated on a manually cleaned dataset of 158 English Web pages, the FIASCO gold standard.
Efficient Processing of Warping Time Series Join of Motion Capture Data

Discovering non-trivial matching subsequences from two time series is very useful in synthesizing novel time series. This can be applied to applications such as motion synthesis where smooth and natural motion sequences are often required to be generated from existing motion sequences. We first address this problem by defining it as a problem of l-e-join over two time series. Given two time series, the goal of l-e-join is to find those non-trivial matching subsequences by detecting maximal l-connections from the e-matching matrix of the two time series. Given a querying motion sequence, the l-e-join can be applied to retrieve all connectable motion sequences from a database of motion sequences. To support efficient l-e-join of time series, we propose a two-step filter-and-refine algorithm, called Warping Time Series Join (WTSJ) algorithm. The filtering step serves to prune those sparse regions of the e-matching matrix where there are no maximal l-connections without incurring costly computation. The refinement step serves to detect closed l-connections within regions that cannot be pruned by the filtering step. To speed up the computation of e-matching matrix, we propose a block-based time series summarization method, based on which the block-wise e-matching matrix is first computed. Lots of pairwise distance computation of elements can then be avoided by applying the filtering algorithm on the block-wise e-matching matrix.Extensive experiments on l-e-join of motion capture sequences are conducted. The results confirm the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm in processing l-e-join of motion capture time series.
Autonomous Evolution of Complete Piano Pieces and Performances

Evolutionary algorithms are used to evolve musical score material and corresponding performance data, in an autonomous process. In this way complete piano compositions are created and subsequently performed on a computer-controlled grand piano. The efficiency of the creative evolution depends to a large extent on the representation used, which in this case is based on recursively described binary trees. They can represent a wide variety of musical material and corresponding performance data in a compact form, with an inherent potential for musically meaningful variations and archetypal musical gestures. This is combined with a set of automated formalized selection criteria based on experiences from human selection processes in a previous, interactive version of the same system, leading to surprisingly musical output and convincing performances. The system is also capable of rudimentary learning, through recycling of its own musical output, and an accumulated database of human musical input.
The cytoplasmic sequence of E‐cadherin promotes non‐amyloidogenic degradation of Aβ precursors

The presenilin (PS)/γ‐secretase system promotes production of the Abeta (Aβ) peptides by mediating cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) at the γ‐sites. This system is also involved in the processing of type‐I transmembrane proteins, including APP, cadherins and Notch1 receptors, at the ɛ‐cleavage site, resulting in the production of peptides containing the intracellular domains (ICDs) of the cleaved proteins. Emerging evidence shows that these peptides have important biological functions, raising the possibility that their inhibition by γ‐secretase inhibitors may be detrimental to the cell. Here, we show that peptide E‐Cad/CTF2, produced by the PS1/γ‐secretase processing of E‐cadherin, promotes the lysosomal/endosomal degradation of the transmembrane APP derivatives, C99 and C83, and inhibits production of the APP ICD (AICD). In addition, E‐Cad/CTF2 decreases accumulation of total secreted Aβ. These data suggest a novel method to promote the non‐amyloidogenic degradation of Aβ precursors and to inhibit Aβ production.
A pharmacokinetic drug interaction study between nebivolol and paroxetine in healthy volunteers

Nebivolol is a highly selective beta‐blocker with additional vasodilator properties, widely used in the clinical practice for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Paroxetine is a second‐generation antidepressant and a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, the same isoenzyme involved in the metabolism of nebivolol. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple‐dose paroxetine intake on the pharmacokinetics of nebivolol in healthy volunteers and its potential consequences upon nebivolol pharmacodynamics.
PERFORMANCE EVOLUTION WITH STBC MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS UNDER DIFFERENT MODULATION SCHEMES 1

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) has become a prevalent and widespread technique for the broadcast and transmission of signals over wireless channels and has been adopted in many wireless standards. The space-time block coding(STBC) for OFDM systems with multiple transmit antennas is a type where coding is applied in the time domain(OFDM symbols). In particular Alamouti’s code is considered, which is shown to be the most favourable block code for two transmit antennas and time domain coding. The Differential Space time codes are ways of transmitting data in wireless communications and they are forms of space time codes that do not need to know the channel impairments at the receiver side in order to be able to decode the signal . A Performance Analysis study is investigated for different DSTBC MIMO OFDM Systems under Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) and 64Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64QAM) schemes and its performance is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate under Rayleigh Multipath channel. Keywords-OFDM, MIMO, STBC, Alamouti, BPSK, QPSK.
Short-Term Network Traffic Prediction with ACD and Particle Filter

Network traffic prediction is hot spot in recent years' research, which is of great significance in area such as congestion control, network management and diagnostic. Network traffic is non-linear, non-stationary, and uncertain, and its uncertainty increases rapidly when making short-term traffic flow prediction. After reviewing current network traffic prediction algorithms' merits and drawbacks based on Time-Series analysis, Artificial Neural Network here, a new network traffic prediction algorithms in short-term is proposed. The time interval when detecting that network data packet pass on certain section is treated as a stochastic process. In the ARCH (autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) framework, stochastic process is described by a marked point process that different point processes may generate different ACD (autoregressive conditional duration) model, then ACD model can be used to complete the description of time interval when network data packet passing. Based on this model, a particle filter is applied to non-stationary motion system for short-term network traffic prediction. At last, this algorithm is applied to real data for real-evidence analysis.