Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Acquisition of Usage Information for Language Resources

Recently, language resources (LRs) are becoming indispensable for linguistic research. Unfortunately, it is not easy to find their usages by searching the web even though they must be described in the Internet or academic articles. This indicates that the intrinsic value of LRs is not recognized very well. In this research, therefore, we extract a list of usage information for each LR to promote the efficient utilization of LRs. In this paper, we proposed a method for extracting a list of usage information from academic articles by using rules based on syntactic information. The rules are generated by focusing on the syntactic features that are observed in the sentences describing usage information. As a result of experiments, we achieved 72.9% in recall and 78.4% in precision for the closed test and 60.9% in recall and 72.7% in precision for the open test.
Constructing Genome Scale Suffix Trees

Suffix trees have been the focus of significant research interest as they permit very efficient solutions to a range of string and sequence searching problems. Given a suffix tree that encodes a particular string, it is possible to solve problems such as searching for a specific pattern in time proportional to the length of the pattern rather than the length of the string. Suffix trees can also support inexact matching by dramatically improving the performance of dynamic programming. Therefore, suffix trees may enable a number of large scale bioinformatics problems to be solved more efficiently than previously thought. However, these benefits presume that a suffix tree of sufficient scale can be constructed. An inherent difficulty in suffix tree construction is that the tree construction requires a semi random walk over the tree as it is constructed. Therefore very large trees that will not fit in memory could take an unacceptably long time to construct due to excessive page faulting. In this paper we present a linear time construction algorithm that can construct suffix trees larger than memory using discrete sub-trees. The sub-trees can be constructed in parallel. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using suffix trees constructed for chromosomes 1 and 12 of the human genome.
The weight of evidence for ropinirole in restless legs syndrome

Evidence‐based guidelines consider dopaminergic therapy to be the mainstay of treatment for restless legs syndrome (RLS). l‐dopa has been shown to reduce RLS symptoms, but subsequent augmentation of symptoms occurs in up to 73% of patients during continued treatment. The ergot‐derived dopamine agonist pergolide has been shown to be effective in small, open or placebo‐controlled studies, but there have been reports of pleuropulmonary or cardiac valvular disease with this ergoline agent. Amongst the non‐ergoline dopamine agonists, pramipexole has been reported to reduce RLS symptoms, but robust trial data are limited. By contrast, the RLS clinical trial programme with ropinirole is the largest published to date. This programme includes 12‐week randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies and a 36‐week maintenance‐of‐effect study. Data from the placebo‐controlled studies show that ropinirole, 0.25–4.0 mg/day, produces rapid and significant reductions, compared with placebo, in the sensory and motor symptoms of RLS, and that these benefits are associated with significant improvements in sleep and quality of life. In addition, the maintenance study has shown that these benefits are maintained during longer‐term treatment. Furthermore, ropinirole is generally well tolerated. Ropinirole thus represents a potential valuable approach to the management of RLS.
Immunofluorometric point-of-care assays for the detection of acute coronary syndrome-related noncomplexed pregnancy-associated plasma protein A.

BACKGROUND We recently reported that the pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) form specifically related to acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is not complexed with the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP). The aim of this study was to develop rapid point-of-care immunoassays for the measurement of the noncomplexed PAPP-A. METHODS We developed immunofluorometric noncompetitive dry-reagent assays for total PAPP-A with 2 PAPP-A subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies and for PAPP-A/proMBP complex with 1 PAPP-A subunit-specific antibody and 1 proMBP subunit-specific antibody. The concentration of noncomplexed PAPP-A was determined as the difference of the results obtained with the 2 assays. RESULTS The assays were linear from 0.5 to 300 mIU/L. The analytical detection limit and functional detection limit (CV <20%) were 0.18 mIU/L and 0.27 mIU/L for total PAPP-A assay and 0.23 mIU/L and 0.70 mIU/L for PAPP-A/proMBP assay, respectively. The total assay imprecisions were <10%, and recoveries were 88%-107% for both assays. The mean difference (95% limits of agreement) between the new total PAPP-A assay and a previously reported total PAPP-A assay was -3.2% (-45.7% to 39.3%; n = 546; P = 0.0019). In serum samples from 159 non-ACS individuals, median concentrations (interquartile range) were 2.42 (1.14) mIU/L for total PAPP-A, 2.20 (1.18) mIU/L for PAPP-A/proMBP, and 0.18 (0.63) mIU/L for noncomplexed PAPP-A. Total PAPP-A and PAPP-A/proMBP, but not noncomplexed PAPP-A, correlated with age (r = 0.290, P = 0.0002; r = 0.230, P = 0.0035; r = 0.075, P = 0.3483, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The new assays described revealed that noncomplexed PAPP-A is found only in negligible amounts in non-ACS samples.
Modelling and Numerical Solutions of a Gauge Periodic Time Dependent Ginzburg-Landau Model for Type-II Superconductors

In this paper we seek the solutions of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau model for type-II superconductors such that the associated physical observables are spatially periodic with respect to some lattice whose basic lattice cell is not necessarily rectangular. After appropriately xing the gauge, the model can be formulated as a system of nonlinear parabolic partial diierential equations with quasi-periodic boundary conditions. We rst give some results concerning the existence, uniqueness and regularity of solutions and then we propose a semi-implicit nite element scheme solving the system of nonlinear partial diierential equations and show the optimal error estimates both in the L 2 and energy norm. We also report on some numerical results at the end of the paper.
Marfan Database (third edition): new mutations and new routines for the software

The Marfan database is a software that contains routines for the analysis of mutations identified in the FBN1 gene that encodes fibrillin-1. Mutations in this gene are associated not only with Marfan syndrome but also with a spectrum of overlapping disorders. The third version of the Marfan database contains 137 entries. The software has been modified to accommodate four new routines and is now accessible on the World Wide Web at http://www.umd. necker.fr
Qualities that Attract Urban Youth to After-School Settings and Promote Continued Participation

Background/Context Studies carried out over the last two decades have established structured after-school programs as significant contexts for adolescent development. Recent large-scale evaluations of after-school initiatives have yielded mixed results, finding some impact on adolescents’ attitudes toward school but limited impact on their academic performance. One clear conclusion of these studies, however, is that it matters how often and for how long young people spend time in after-school settings. Purpose/Research Question This study describes the features of after-school settings that are most appealing and engaging to youth growing up in low-income communities. Setting Analyses focus on a network of five after-school centers that serve predominantly racial and cultural minority youth living in low-income urban neighborhoods. Participants Participants in the study include 120 youth who varied in their frequency of participation in the after-school centers. Of these participants, 20 were in elementary school, 76 were in middle school, and 24 were in high school. Forty-two percent identified themselves as Asian American, 22% as African American, 13% as Latino/Latina, 7% as European American, and 5% as Filipino, and 10% were categorized as “other” or “unknown. ” Research Design This study is a qualitative investigation geared toward understanding young people's subjective experiences and meaning making. Data are drawn principally from focus groups and individual interviews with participants over a 2-year period and supplemented with field work conducted by a team of trained youth ethnographers. Findings Our analysis of these data points to three features of the youth centers that youth identified as valuable: supportive relationships with adults and peers; safety; and opportunities to learn. Results highlight the meaning and significance youth ascribed to each feature, while also underlining the important function that centers with these features play in adolescent development. Conclusions/Recommendations After-school settings have the potential to serve as a unique developmental niche by meeting needs that are not consistently met in other contexts. Young people's descriptions of supports and opportunities also underscore the interrelationships among the positive features they perceived. Researchers, practitioners, and policy makers are encouraged to recognize after-school programs as core contexts of development that should be assessed according to the full spectrum of adolescents’ developmental needs.
The effect of an aquatic, classroom and gymnasium environment upon the stereotypic and self injurious behavior of institutionalized severely and profoundly mentally retarded individuals /

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Immune‐mediated disorders among women carriers of fragile X premutation alleles

The relative risk of immune‐mediated disorders (IMDs) among women carriers of premutation alleles is estimated by a survey for IMDs among 344 carrier women (age 19–81 years; mean 46.35 and SD 12.60) and 72 controls (age 18–87 years; mean 52.40 and SD 15.40). One hundred fifty four (44.77%) women carrier had at least one IMD, as did 20 controls (27.78%). Among women carriers, autoimmune thyroid disorder was the most common (24.4%), then fibromyalgia (10.2%), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; 9.9%), Raynaud's phenomenon (7.6%), rheumatoid arthritis (RA; 3.8%), Sjögren syndrome (2.6%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 2.03%), multiple sclerosis (1.74%). Of 55 carriers age 40 or older with FXTAS, 72.73% had at least one IMD, compared to 46.54% of those without FXTAS (n = 159), and 31.58% of controls (n = 57). The estimated odds ratio (OR) for IMD is 2.6 (95% CI 1.2–5.6, P = 0.015) for women with FXTAS relative to those without FXTAS; the likelihood of IMD in carriers without or with FXTAS was also significantly higher than for controls (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.2, P = 0.034; OR 5.5, 95% CI 2.4–12.5, P < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the odds of having an IMD among carriers with FXPOI is about 2.4 times higher when compared to carriers without FXPOI (95% CI 1.1–5.0; P = 0.021). The likelihood of IMD in carriers with or without FXPOI is greater (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1–5.0; P = 0.021) compared to that of controls. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying the model for improvement in a local health department: quality improvement as an effective approach in navigating the changing landscape of public health practice in Buncombe County, North Carolina.

In local health departments across the nation, problem solving and rapid change occur every day. Often, the results of these changes or problem-solving techniques may not be studied or evaluated fully to determine whether desired results were achieved. In fact, program evaluation, research, and technical assistance at the local level may be reduced or eliminated in many states during a time of rapidly diminishing resources and increasing demand for public health services. In delivering population-level programs, quality improvement (QI) methods may provide a much-needed alternative and more efficient approach than traditional research and evaluation to help answer public health practice questions such as "How do we know when a project or program really works, and, more importantly, how can we do it better? " This article focuses on the Buncombe County Department of Health's (BCDH's) experience utilizing a QI approach called the model for improvement (MFI), incorporating plan-do-study-act cycles and small tests of change, on a specific H1N1 influenza-awareness public health preparedness communication project. In addition, results of the BCDH's participation in QI initiatives and training resulted in success implementing change in other areas of the health department including decreasing wait time and addressing a backlog of prenatal visit appointments from 54 to 15 days, and more than doubling prenatal history efficiency uptake in a 5-week period. These case studies in the BCDH present how the MFI introduced the foundation of a culture of continuous QI within the organization.
Non-holonomic navigation system of a walking-aid robot

This work presents a navigation method for a nonholonomic robot. The robot is used as a walking assistant with a person following to a specific target. During motion the user may modify the path computed by the robot. The method is based on a new model of "elastic bands" considering the requirements of a car-like robot moving only forward (Dubin's model).
Analytic stochastic treatment of a nonlinear quantum model with negative diffusion

We apply a proposal of Yuen and Tombesi for treating stochastic problems with negative diffusion to the analytically soluble problem of the single-mode anharmonic oscillator. We find that the associated stochastic realizations include divergent trajectories. It is possible, however, to solve the stochastic problem exactly, but the averaging must be performed with great care.
Software library construction from an IR perspective

The two basic requirements for achieving software reuse are: (1) to provide a sufficient number of components over a spectrum of domains that can be reused as is (black-box reuse) or easily adapted (white-box reuse), and (2) to organize components such that code close to the users' needs is easy to locate. Many attempts have been made at addressing the first issue, (e.g. UNIX) however, as far as the second requirement is concerned very few library systems are available or attractive enough to make actual reuse faster than rewriting from scratch.With the increasing size of natural-language documentation in modern software component collections, there is a growing interest in applying IR techniques to the construction of software libraries. For instance recent tools such as INFoEXPLORER for the IBM RS/6000 series, or ANSWERBOOK for Sun Sparc workstations, provide standard IR techniques for searching on-line documentation. However, due to the nature of software documentation and of reuse requirements, some specific IR techniques can be devised to significantly enhance retrieval effectiveness.In this paper, we identify the necessary requirements to be met by the software collection in order to apply an IR approach, and we describe the specificity of reuse as compared to other applications. As an example, we describe GuRu, an information storage and retrieval system for reuse. This system is only briefly described as it has already presented elsewhere, and we rather concentrate on showing how GuRu satisfies the specific needs of reuse. GURU is currently used at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center by a growing pool of users. We also provide an experimental test collection with relevance judgments for the AIx 3 command set to be used as a starting ground for evaluating retrieval effectiveness in reuse applications. Finally, we compare GURU's indexing scheme to two other schemes using this test collection.
Improving Reference Speaker Weighting Adaptation by the Use of Maximum-Likelihood Reference Speakers

We would like to revisit a simple fast adaptation technique called reference speaker weighting (RSW). RSW is similar to eigenvoice (EV) adaptation, and simply requires the model of a new speaker to lie on the span of a set of reference speaker vectors. In the original RSW, the reference speakers are computed through a hierarchical speaker clustering (HSC) algorithm using information such as the gender and speaking rate. We show in this paper that RSW adaptation may be improved if those training speakers that have the highest likelihoods of the adaptation data are selected as the reference speakers; we call them the maximum-likelihood (ML) reference speakers. When RSW adaptation was evaluated on WSJ0 using 5s of adaptation speech, the word error rate reduction can be boosted from 2.54% to 9.15% by using 10 ML reference speakers instead of reference speakers determined from HSC. Moreover, when compared with EV, MAP, MLLR, and eKEV on fast adaptation, we are surprised that the algorithmically simplest RSW technique actually gives the best performance
Comparative performance evaluation of address decoding schemes: SRAM design perspective

Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) arrays are widely used as cache memory in microprocessors and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC's) and occupy a significant area on the chip. Large arrays of high-speed SRAM help boost the system performance. Address decoding takes nearly two-thirds of the memory access time in SRAMs. The decoder design hugely impacts the system performance and thus should be, high speed, low power consuming and have a small layout area. This paper presents a variety of address decoding schemes and compares them on the basis of area, power and timing. It was observed that Divided Wordline Decoder(DWL) was the fastest decoder with 1.4 times speed of a single stage decoder however, the area is 1.2 times more and 1.05 times additional power dissipation. In terms of power saving, pass transistor based decoder consumes 1.2 times less power and 1.1 times more area. Column based decoding is the best example of an area efficient decoder.
Precise Calibration of a GNSS Antenna Array for Adaptive Beamforming Applications

The use of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) antenna arrays for applications such as interference counter-measure, attitude determination and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement is attracting significant attention. However, precise antenna array calibration remains a major challenge. This paper proposes a new method for calibrating a GNSS antenna array using live signals and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Moreover, a second method that employs the calibration results for the estimation of steering vectors is also proposed. These two methods are applied to the receiver in two modes, namely calibration and operation. In the calibration mode, a two-stage optimization for precise calibration is used; in the first stage, constant uncertainties are estimated while in the second stage, the dependency of each antenna element gain and phase patterns to the received signal direction of arrival (DOA) is considered for refined calibration. In the operation mode, a low-complexity iterative and fast-converging method is applied to estimate the satellite signal steering vectors using the calibration results. This makes the technique suitable for real-time applications employing a precisely calibrated antenna array. The proposed calibration method is applied to GPS signals to verify its applicability and assess its performance. Furthermore, the data set is used to evaluate the proposed iterative method in the receiver operation mode for two different applications, namely attitude determination and SNR enhancement.
Induction of Hyperinsulinemia Combined With Hyperglycemia and Hypertriglyceridemia Increases Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Blood in Normal Human Subjects

Hypofibrinolysis caused by increased plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) has been implicated in the vasculopathy of type 2 diabetes, typified by increased insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. However, short-term infusions of insulin have not increased PAI-1 in normal subjects. We hypothesized that induction of increased insulin accompanied by increased glucose and triglycerides would increase PAI-1. Accordingly, 30% glucose and 10% Intralipid were infused for 6 h in ten normal lean individuals (54 ± 3 years) resulting in increased insulin (42 ± 5 μU/dl), glucose (200 ± 24 mg/dl), and triglycerides (425 ± 45 mg/dl), simulating changes in type 2 diabetes. In contrast to results with infusion of saline alone (n = 16) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (n = 10, serum insulin = 89 ± 7 μU/dl), PAI-1 in blood increased significantly 6 h after the onset of infusion (15 ± 5 ng/ml, P <0.05 vs. baseline = 7.4± 1.1, saline 6 h = 3.4 ± 1.1, and insulin alone 6 h = 3.7 ± 0.8) and remained elevated for an additional 6 h (combined infusion = 13.8 ± 3.8 ng/ml, saline = 6.7 ± 2 ng/ml, insulin alone = 7.8 ± 1.7 ng/ml, P = 0.06). Our data suggest that combined hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia are likely to contribute to hypofibrinolysis of type 2 diabetes by increasing the blood levels of PAI-1. Moreover, these results underscore the potential importance of modifying insulin resistance as well as achieving glycemic and lipidemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Hypercapnia Inhibits Autophagy and Bacterial Killing in Human Macrophages by Increasing Expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL

Hypercapnia, the elevation of CO2 in blood and tissue, commonly develops in patients with advanced lung disease and severe pulmonary infections, and it is associated with high mortality. We previously reported that hypercapnia alters expression of host defense genes, inhibits phagocytosis, and increases the mortality of Pseudomonas pneumonia in mice. However, the effect of hypercapnia on autophagy, a conserved process by which cells sequester and degrade proteins and damaged organelles that also plays a key role in antimicrobial host defense and pathogen clearance, has not previously been examined. In the present study we show that hypercapnia inhibits autophagy induced by starvation, rapamycin, LPS, heat-killed bacteria, and live bacteria in the human macrophage. Inhibition of autophagy by elevated CO2 was not attributable to acidosis. Hypercapnia also reduced macrophage killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, elevated CO2 induced the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, antiapoptotic factors that negatively regulate autophagy by blocking Beclin 1, an essential component of the autophagy initiation complex. Furthermore, small interfering RNA targeting Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and the small molecule Z36, which blocks Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL binding to Beclin 1, prevented hypercapnic inhibition of autophagy and bacterial killing. These results suggest that targeting the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL–Beclin 1 interaction may hold promise for ameliorating hypercapnia-induced immunosuppression and improving resistance to infection in patients with advanced lung disease and hypercapnia.