Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of neural genes using Xenopus DNA microarrays

To isolate novel genes regulating neural induction, we used a DNA microarray approach. As neural induction is thought to occur by means of the inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, BMP signaling was inhibited in ectodermal cells by overexpression of a dominant‐negative receptor. RNAs were isolated from control animal cap explants and from dominant‐negative BMP receptor expressing animal caps and subjected to a microarray experiment using newly generated high‐density Xenopus DNA microarray chips representing over 17,000 unigenes. We have identified 77 genes that are induced in animal caps after inhibition of BMP signaling, and all of these genes were subjected to whole‐mount in situ hybridization analysis. Thirty‐two genes showed specific expression in neural tissues. Of the 32, 14 genes have never been linked to neural induction. Two genes that are highly induced by BMP inhibition are inhibitors of Wnt signaling, suggesting that a key step in neural induction is to produce Wnt antagonists to promote anterior neural plate development. Our current analysis also proves that a microarray approach is useful in identifying novel candidate factors involved in neural induction and patterning. Developmental Dynamics 232:432–444, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Interaction between Competition, Collaboration and Innovation in Knowledge Industries

The three studies in this dissertation examine the relationship between the decision of market participants to compete or collaborate on their innovation strategies and outcomes as well as the broader industry structure and technological progress. The first study analyzes the impact of modern patent pools on the innovative performance of firms outside the pool. Theories generally predict that modern patent pools have a positive impact on innovation by reducing the cost of access to the pool’s technology, but recent empirical research suggests that patent pools may actually decrease the innovation rate of firms outside the pool. Using a difference-in-differencewith-matching methodology, I find a substantial decline in outsiders’ patenting rate after the pool formation. However I find that the observed reduction is mainly due to a shift in firms’ investment from additional patentable technological exploration toward implementing the pool technology in their products. The results shed light on how the interaction between cooperation, in the form of patent pooling, and competition shapes firms’ innovative strategies by enabling opportunities for application development based on the pooled technologies. In the second study, I examine the impact of restrictive stem cell policies introduced by George W. Bush in 2001 on the U.S. scientists’ productivity and collaboration patterns. Employing a
Influence Of Adoption Of Sales Force Automation System On Sales Performance

xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS . xvii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background of the study . 1 1.1.1 Sales Force Automation Systems . 2 1.1.2 Sales Performance. 4 1.1.3 Consumer Goods Firms in Kenya . 5 1.2 Statement of the Problem . 7 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 9 1.4 Research Objectives . 9 1.5 Research Questions . 9 1.6 Research Hypotheses . 10
Synthesis of Guanosine and Deoxyguanosine Phosphoramidites with Cross-Linkable Thioalkyl Tethers for Direct Incorporation into RNA and DNA

We describe the synthesis of protected phosphoramidites of deoxyriboguanosine and guanosine derivatives containing a thiopropyl tether at the guanine N2 (7a,b) for site-specific crosslinking from the minor groove of either DNA or RNA to a thiol of a protein or another nucleic acid. The thiol is initially protected as a tert-butyl disulfide that is stable during oligonucleotide synthesis. While the completed oligonucleotide is still attached to the support, or after purification, the tert-butyl thiol can readily be removed or replaced by thioethylamine or 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoic acid, which have more favorable crosslinking rates.
Should You Really Produce What Consumers Like Online? Empirical Evidence for Reciprocal Voting in Open Innovation Contests

In open innovation, firms increasingly rely on online consumer votes to evaluate ideas for new products and services. Votes can represent cost-effective external information about idea quality that can inform and facilitate a firm's task of evaluating and screening of ideas at the early stages of the innovation process. Challenging this perception, we proposed that consumer votes provided in open innovation contests can be socially biased by reciprocal voting. On the basis of theories related to cooperation and social influence, we argued that both gregarious consumers (those who solicit social ties) and consumers who initiate direct reciprocity (those who vote for others) signal a willingness to cooperate that stimulates reciprocal voting from peers. We empirically investigated consumer voting behavior using a unique dataset with information obtained from actual open innovation contests in which consumers could submit their own ideas and see and vote for the ideas of others. We found that both gregariousness and the initiation of direct reciprocity positively influence votes received. Such cooperation pays off for consumers because firms indeed use votes to inform internal idea evaluations. We also found, however, that the votes an idea receives during an innovation contest cannot significantly explain its later revealed quality. Reciprocity may be an effective form of cooperation among consumers, but it has potentially negative implications for firms' evaluations. Our results also indicated that beyond reciprocity, consumers and firms value different types of ideas, which further differentiates their evaluations. Thus, firms should not only be aware of social biases in votes but also account for the diverging idea preferences of customers.
Learning networks to enhance reflectivity: key elements for the design of a reflective network

The benefits of reflective practice for professionals who deal with complex settings have been widely reported. Similarly, different types of learning networks (LNs) are emerging as a promising alternative to support lifelong learning. This article addresses the topic of how LNs can be used to support reflective professional practice and, furthermore, contribute to the development of reflectivity in individuals and groups of learners. As the starting point of an ongoing research study, a provisional model for the design of a reflective network (RN) is presented here. An RN is a type of LN that includes additional features to foster the development of reflective capabilities. This article includes a description of a reflective process model, a list of reflective capabilities, a group of key elements for the pedagogical support system for an RN, and some reflections on the challenges of implementing this model and investigating its effectiveness. Los beneficios de la práctica reflexiva para profesionales que tratan con entornos complejos han sido ampliamente documentados. Al mismo tiempo, están surgiendo diferentes tipos de redes de aprendizaje (RA) como una prometedora alternativa para apoyar el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. Este artículo analiza cómo pueden utilizarse las RA para apoyar la práctica profesional reflexiva y al mismo tiempo contribuir al desarrollo de la reflexión en individuos y grupos de alumnos. Como punto de partida para un estudio de investigación en curso, se presenta aquí un modelo provisional para el diseáo de una red reflexiva (RR). Una red reflexiva es un tipo de red de aprendizaje que incluye características adicionales a fin de promover el desarrollo de aptitudes de reflexión. Este artículo incluye la descripción de un modelo de proceso reflexivo, una lista de aptitudes reflexivas, un grupo de elementos clave para el sistema de apoyo pedagógico de una red reflexiva y algunas consideraciones sobre los retos que hay que afrontar para aplicar este modelo e investigar su eficacia.
Evaluation on filter topologies in high power density converter design for power quality and EMI control

This paper evaluates different passive filter topologies of the grid-connected high power density converter (HPDC) for the purpose power quality control and electromagnetic interference (EMI) reduction. The harmonics generated by the switching circuits in the HPDC affect power quality at lower frequency as well as EMI at higher frequency. Various common passive filter topologies are carefully evaluated in terms of reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) and EMI.
Relationship between antisocial behaviour, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and maternal prenatal smoking.

BACKGROUND There is substantial evidence that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with both antisocial behaviour and symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring. However, it is not clear whether maternal smoking during pregnancy is independently associated with antisocial behaviour or whether the association arises because antisocial behaviour and ADHD covary. AIMS To examine the relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy, antisocial behaviour and ADHD in offspring. METHOD Questionnaires concerning behaviour and environmental factors were sent to twins from the CaStANET study and data analysed using a number of bivariate structural equation models. RESULTS Maternal prenatal smoking contributed small but significant amounts to the variance of ADHD and of antisocial behaviour. The best fitting bivariate model was one in which maternal prenatal smoking had a specific influence on each phenotype, independent of the effect on the other phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Both antisocial behaviour and ADHD symptoms in offspring are independently influenced by maternal prenatal smoking during pregnancy.
Hyperspectral remote sensing for estimating aboveground biomass and for exploring species richness patterns of grassland habitats

Dry grassland sites are amongst the most species-rich habitats of central Europe and it is necessary to design effective management schemes for monitoring of their biomass production. This study explored the potential of hyperspectral remote sensing for mapping aboveground biomass in grassland habitats along a dry-mesic gradient, independent of a specific type or phenological period. Statistical models were developed between biomass samples and spectral reflectance collected with a field spectroradiometer, and it was further investigated to what degree the calibrated biomass models could be scaled to Hyperion data. Furthermore, biomass prediction was used as a surrogate for productivity for grassland habitats and the relationship between biomass and plant species richness was explored. Grassland samples were collected at four time steps during the growing season to capture normally occurring variation due to canopy growth stage and management factors. The relationships were investigated between biomass and (1) existing broad- and narrowband vegetation indices, (2) narrowband normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) type indices, and (3) multiple linear regression (MLR) with individual spectral bands. Best models were obtained from the MLR and narrowband NDVI-type indices. Spectral regions related to plant water content were identified as the best estimators of biomass. Models calibrated with narrowband NDVI indices were best for up-scaling the field-developed models to the Hyperion scene. Furthermore, promising results were obtained from linking biomass estimations from the Hyperion scene with plant species richness of grassland habitats. Overall, it is concluded that ratio-based NDVI-type indices are less prone to scaling errors and thus offer higher potential for mapping grassland biomass using hyperspectral data from space-borne sensors.
Preclinical pharmacokinetics of SB-203580, a potent inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase

1. SB-203580 (4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulphinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole) is a potent, selective inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase used extensively as a tool inhibitor in various pharmacological and toxicological models. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of SB-203580 in several preclinical species, both to assist with the interpretation of existing studies and to aid in the design of future studies with this inhibitor. 2. In vitro, SB-203580 was stable in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human plasma over 24 h. However, species differences in plasma protein binding were observed; SB-203580 was 96-97% bound in human plasma and 78-92% bound in other species. These data suggest that protein binding may influence the results of in vitro studies using SB-203580, particularly when comparing results from different in vitro systems that incorporate plasma components. In vivo, SB-203580 demonstrated moderate to high clearance in all species tested, with non-linear elimination observed in the rat at plasma concentrations > 1000ng ml -1. Although good solution bioavailability was observed in non-rodents (78% in dog, 32% in monkey), lower and more variable bioavailability was observed in the rat and mouse (3-48%). 3. These interspecies differences in bioavailability, and the non-linear pharmacokinetics observed in rat, highlight the importance of monitoring SB-203580 systemic exposure in parallel with the pharmacological endpoint during in vivo pharmacology studies.
High-Performance Work Systems And Firm Performance: Moderating Effects Of Organizational Communication

This study examines the relationship between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational performance and how the relationship differs by type of communication within organizations. Using data on publicly traded manufacturing firms in Korea from the Human Capital Corporate Panel survey, we find that HPWS are positively related to organizational performance, and importantly, this relationship varies by the level of vertical and horizontal communication. The positive effect of HPWS on organizational performance is more apparent when vertical and horizontal communications are relatively high. These results emphasize the role of internal communication as an important organizational context for the implementation of HPWS.
Citation Analysis and Keyword Mining based on Fulltext Extraction of Scientific Literature

Citation analysis as a meaningful research tool has been studied for a long time for domain information visualization, information retrieval, and bibliometric analysis. This paper proposes three steps of mining keyword relationships using citation graph analysis based on the fulltext of scientific literature in the scientific publication database. First, the method Citation Probability Distribution Distance (CPDD) was proposed to generate domain knowledge graphs based on domain and domain context. We then introduce three rules to merge them into a new graph to improve the performance. Secondly, we use a topic modeling method (Labeled LDA) to improve CPDD to avoid the significant hypothesis in the aforementioned method by analyzing the distribution of citation over keywords. In this way, we can find the topic distribution for each citation and establish the keyword relationship graph by citations. Last but not least, we will use optimized PageRank algorithm to evaluate the ranking results of the selected publications, not only taking into account the citation counts, but also considering the keyword relationships generated by citation analysis based on fulltext extraction.
Suicide and Homicide Bereavement among African Americans: Implications for Survivor Research and Practice

Suicide and homicide are among the leading causes of death for young African-American men; however, little is known about how family members cope with these types of deaths. This exploratory phenomenological study examines the traumatic loss and coping experiences of a purposive convenience sample of 12 immediate African-American surviving family members with a combined experience of 13 deaths, 8 suicides and 5 homicides. Novel aspects of suicide and homicide survivor phenomenon were identified, including Survivor Responses and Reactions, Coping Strategies, and Survivor Service Needs. The implications for research and for those providing services to surviving African-American families are discussed.
Lipoic Acid Metabolism in Microbial Pathogens

SUMMARY Lipoic acid [(R)-5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid] is an enzyme cofactor required for intermediate metabolism in free-living cells. Lipoic acid was discovered nearly 60 years ago and was shown to be covalently attached to proteins in several multicomponent dehydrogenases. Cells can acquire lipoate (the deprotonated charge form of lipoic acid that dominates at physiological pH) through either scavenging or de novo synthesis. Microbial pathogens implement these basic lipoylation strategies with a surprising variety of adaptations which can affect pathogenesis and virulence. Similarly, lipoylated proteins are responsible for effects beyond their classical roles in catalysis. These include roles in oxidative defense, bacterial sporulation, and gene expression. This review surveys the role of lipoate metabolism in bacterial, fungal, and protozoan pathogens and how these organisms have employed this metabolism to adapt to niche environments.
Virtual heart: Simulation-based cardiac physiolgy for education

An investigation into the technical feasibility of computer based interactive simulation of the heart was conducted. The project is currently at prototype development phase, which is focused on the development of a virtual heart organ. The prototype will be customized for clinical skills training for interventional cardiology and electrophysiology, as well as for general cardiology education. Further development will incorporate an interface for handling catheter insertion for cardiac ablation and pacing.
An integrated top-down design process evaluation approach of complex products and systems based on hierarchical design structure matrix

To enable a more optimised process model to effectively support the complex product and system (CoPS) development, the hierarchical design structure matrix (HDSM) is refined from the traditional design structure matrix to exhibit the correlative iterations and structure-evolvement within design activities. When implementing a top-down design process, the required modelling method is engraving with the traits, which are of great consideration through the decomposition of design activities, of hierarchy, coupling and complexity. Explored in this paper is an integrated evaluation approach based on the HDSM with emphasis on its application for supporting the top-down design process of CoPS. After the dependence degree between different levels in the top-down design process is analysed when the HDSM constructed, a concordant method based on triangular fuzzy number converts binary matrix design to the weighted form representing the coupling strength. Purpose served in this approach, including strengthening the internal polymerisation and sorting, can be demonstrated among design activities. The relevant issues having been developed and the coupling analysis implemented, the effectiveness and potential of the proposed approach is highlighted through a real-world case dealing with the development of a large tonnage crawler crane.
Peningkatan Kinerja Bisnis Usaha Mikro Melalui Kajian Komitmen Dan Ambisius Pengusaha

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji komitmen, jiwa ambisius dan kinerja bisnis pengusaha dari Usaha Mikro yang ada di Kota Bandung. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan survey pada 100 pengusaha Usaha Mikro di Kota Bandung, melalui analisis regresi linier berganda. Data kuantitatif didapat melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan diolah untuk melihat hasil secara deskriptif dan verifikatif. Temuan penelitian disampaikan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara komitmen, jiwa ambisius pengusaha dengan kinerja bisnis pengusaha. Namun kinerja bisnis pengusaha dari Usaha Mikro di Kota Bandung dapat ditingkatkan lebih optimal melalui komitmen pengusaha. Penelitian bermanfaat untuk Dinas UMKM di Kota Bandung secara khusus dan pengusaha secara umum, bahwa pentingnya memperhatikan komitmen pengusaha berkaitan dengan kinerja bisnis. Kata Kunci : Komitmen, Jiwa Ambisius, Kinerja Bisnis. ABSTRACT This study aims to examine the commitment, ambitious and business performance of entrepreneurs from Micro Enterprises in Bandung. The research method was conducted by survey on 100 micro business entrepreneurs in Bandung City, through multiple linear regression analysis. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and processed to see results descriptively and verificatively. The findings of the research are submitted that there is a relationship between commitment, ambitious entrepreneurship and business performance of entrepreneur. However, business performance of entrepreneurs from Micro Enterprises in Bandung can be increased more optimally through the commitment of entrepreneurs. Research is useful for the Office of SMEs in Bandung in particular and entrepreneurs in general, that the importance of paying attention to the commitment of entrepreneurs related to business performance . Keywords: Commitment, Ambitious, Business Performance
The Physiology of the World Record Holder for the Women's Marathon

The purpose of this paper is to review the physiological determinants of endurance exercise performance by using the data of the World Record holder for the women's marathon (PR), to illustrate the link between an athlete's physiology and success in distance running. The maximal oxygen (O2) uptake, O2 cost of running at sub-maximal speeds (running economy), and blood lactate response to exercise can all be determined using standard physiology laboratory exercise tests and the results used to track changes in ‘fitness' and to make recommendations for future training. PR's data demonstrate a 15% improvement in running economy between 1992 and 2003 suggesting that improvements in this parameter are very important in allowing a distance runner to continue to improve their performance over the longer-term. PR's data demonstrate how 15 years of directed training have created the ‘complete’ female distance runner and enabled the setting of an extraordinary World record of 2:15:25 for the Marathon.
The Influence of Personal and Organizational Factors on Ethical Decision Making Intentions among Managers

Ethics is attracting increasing attention in management circles of both the public and private sector organizations. This paper carries out an empirical study on how personal factors such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment and organizational factors such as code of ethics and rewards will shape managers behavior and subsequently influence their intentions pertaining to the making of ethical decisions. The primary data was gathered from 42 private oil and gas companies in Terengganu by using questionnaires. This exploratory study found that job satisfaction, organizational commitment, codes of ethics and rewards significantly influenced ethical decision making of managers in oil and gas based companies. The findings support previous studies