Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Doom, Gloom, and the Misunderstanding of Higher Education: An Essay Review

This book is a companion piece to a PBS two hour broadcast of the same name, which is available on DVD and VHS. PBS also offers Web site support for both works at <http://www.decliningbydegrees. org/>. You can get a sense of the tone of the book by skimming through reader reviews at the PBS site above. They all sing the same hymn to deplore the state of higher education in America, finding that the fault lies with administrators, coaches, faculty, students, and even the parents of the students. Since the underlying politics of the anthology are liberal rather than conservative, there is not much hand-wringing over the loss of American values in the vein of what Slate magazine calls our "bookmaker of virtues," Bill Bennett <http://www.slate. com/id/2082526/>. Instead, the authors find fault with regulation, or the lack of it, and ultimately with commercial, Utilitarian values that threaten to define higher education as just another consumer service. Among the fifteen contributors to the anthology, not one has a good word to say about American higher education, although they do hope that " the crown jewel of our system " of education will be " restored to its former glory " (p. 9). It is important to note that not one of
Targeting Bacterial Dsb Proteins for the Development of Anti-Virulence Agents

Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in bacterial antimicrobial resistance and a decline in the development of novel antibiotics. New therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to combat the growing threat posed by multidrug resistant bacterial infections. The Dsb disulfide bond forming pathways are potential targets for the development of antimicrobial agents because they play a central role in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, the DsbA/DsbB system catalyses disulfide bond formation in a wide array of virulence factors, which are essential for many pathogens to establish infections and cause disease. These redox enzymes are well placed as antimicrobial targets because they are taxonomically widespread, share low sequence identity with human proteins, and many years of basic research have provided a deep molecular understanding of these systems in bacteria. In this review, we discuss disulfide bond catalytic pathways in bacteria and their significance in pathogenesis. We also review the use of different approaches to develop inhibitors against Dsb proteins as potential anti-virulence agents, including fragment-based drug discovery, high-throughput screening and other structure-based drug discovery methods.
Benefits of Self-Forgiveness on Well-Bieng and Self-Forgiveness Facilitating Factors

The current study examined archival data from 61 individuals who completed a psycho-educational intervention program in London, UK. Participants were ex-substance abusers with a history of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders who were motivated to enhance their subjective quality of life. The degree of benefit that participants’ derived from participation in the intervention program was assessed. Specifically, the current study sought to answer two broad questions. First, “Are there benefits of self-forgiveness on well-being? ” among individuals in Stage 2 recovery from AOD use disorders. Second, if there were benefits of self-forgiveness on well-being, “What treatment-related process variables facilitated individuals’ capacity to forgive themselves? ” To assess these two themes, the benefits of self-forgiveness and self-forgiveness facilitating factors, two design approaches to hypothesis testing were applied: a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design. Specifically, the longitudinal design examined treatment-facilitated changes in self-forgiveness by assessing the relations between changes in self-forgiveness and changes in various well-being indicators using pre-treatment, post-treatment, and four-month follow-up data. The cross-sectional design, in contrast, examined the relations between dispositional levels of self-forgiveness and levels of the well-being variables. It was hypothesized that treatment-facilitated changes in self-forgiveness and individual differences in the capacity to forgive the self would be significantly related to well-being outcomes. With respect to self-forgiveness facilitating factors, it was hypothesized that the degree of individuals’ engagement in interpersonal v amends and therapeutic alliance with their counselor would significantly predict treatment-facilitated changes in self-forgiveness and overall levels of self-forgiveness. Overall, the results indicated that the capacity to forgive the self was predictive of enhanced well-being outcomes among individuals engaged in Stage 2 recovery from their AOD use disorders. However, no significant relations between treatment-facilitated changes in self-forgiveness and well-being were found. The relations found between dispositional levels of self-forgiveness and enhanced well-being outcomes are theorized to be explained by a number of different mechanisms. For example, the benefits of selfforgiveness are discussed as possibly arising from being an adaptive emotion-focused coping strategy. Finally, the implications of the current findings on the addiction treatment field and well-being, addiction, and self-forgiveness scholarship are discussed.
Foreign travel associated with increased sexual risk-taking, alcohol and drug use among UK university students: a cohort study

We conducted a prospective cohort study to assess sexual behaviour of students at a British University during the summer break, to explore the role of foreign travel as a risk factor of sexually transmitted infections acquisition and to determine characteristics associated with casual sex. We found that those who travelled abroad were more likely to use alcohol (RR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17–2.16) and cannabis (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.13–1.62) and to have casual sex during holidays. They also reported more sexual relationships after holidays (RR 1.26, 95% CI 1.09–1.53). New partnerships during holidays were associated with being single, foreign travel, drinking alcohol and having previously had large number of sexual partners. The adjusted relative risk of developing new sexual partnerships with foreign travel was 2.70 (95% CI 1.11–6.61). People who travel abroad during holidays are more likely to engage in risk taking behaviour and have casual sex. They are also more sexually active after holidays.
Restricting the search space to boost Quantum Annealing performance

We are interested in Quantum Annealing (QA), an algorithm inspired by quantum theory and Simulated Annealing (SA). It is based on quantum replicas, which explore an energy surface, and are less prone to be trapped in local minima. Moreover, kinetic energy helps replicas to find a global minimum. This method has proved its efficiency for several optimization problems. We start this study by presenting the application of QA to a new problem: the Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MKP). We then present a new idea to speed up the quantum annealing process by detecting the resemblance between replicas. If many of the replicas exhibit the same properties, our assumption is that these properties will also be present with a high probability in a global solution. Consequently, the QA may restrict certain mutations in order to preserve those similarities. We call this algorithm Restrictive Quantum Annealing (RQA). We establish that RQA has better performances than QA and SA by carrying out an adequate analysis of the RQA performance, taking the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the above-mentioned MKP as references. We also advance guidelines indicating types of NP-hard problems for which our algorithm is particularly well adapted.
A further physiological role for naturally occurring trypsin inhibitors: the evidence for a trophic stimulant of the pancreatic acinar cell

The oral ingestion of naturally occurring purified trypsin inhibitors from soybean, ovomucoid, and bovine pancreas has been demonstrated to be a potent stimulus to pancreatic digestive enzyme synthesis. This effect may be so marked as to lead to impairment of growth in the rat and chicken through the faecal loss of essential amino acids. This is thought to be due to the markedly potentiated secretion of pancreatic digestive enzyme protein overwhelming the normal digestive capacity of the gastrointestinal tract and resulting in a pancreatogenous protein-losing enteropathy. Experimental evidence is presented to suggest that this response to the trypsin inhibitors requires the mediation of the gastrointestinal tract and is independent of vagal innervation to the pancreas. The most satisfactory hypothesis would favour the release of a trophic stimulus from the intestinal mucosa (possibly pancreozymin-cholecystokinin) to the acinar cell of the pancreas in response to the presence of the trypsin inhibitor in the bowel lumen. It is suggested that a primary function of the endogenously secreted pancreatic trypsin inhibitor may be to potentiate enzyme synthesis by the acinar cell, providing an important stimulus for the repletion of the digestive enzymes. Some of the potential physiological and clinical implications of such a mechanism are discussed.
Tracking Human Body Pose on a Learned Smooth Space

Particle filtering is a popular method used in systems for tracking human body pose in video. One key difficulty in using particle filtering is caused by the curse of dimensionality: generally a very large number of particles is require d to adequately approximate the underlying pose distributio n in a high-dimensional state space. Although the number of degrees of freedom in the human body is quite large, in reality, the subset of allowable configurations in state spaceis generally restricted by human biomechanics, and the trajec tories in this allowable subspace tend to be smooth. Therefore, a framework is proposed to learn a low-dimensional representation of the high-dimensional human poses state space. This mapping can be learned using a Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GPLVM) framework. One important advantage of the GPLVM framework is that both the mapping to, and mapping from the embedded space are smooth; this facilitates sampling in the low-dimensional space, and samples generated in the low-dimensional embedded space are easily mapped back into the original highdimensional space. Moreover, human body poses that are similar in the original space tend to be mapped close to each other in the embedded space; this property can be exploited when sampling in the embedded space. The proposed framework is tested in tracking 2D human body pose using a Scaled Prismatic Model. Experiments on real life video sequences demonstrate the strength of the approach. In comparison with the Multiple Hypothesis Tracking and the standard Condensation algorithm, the proposed algorithm is able to maintain tracking reliably throughout the long test sequences. It also handles singularity and self oc clusion robustly.
Volunteerism and social capital : a functional approach.

Volunteerism is often promoted as particularly likely to contribute to social capital, the bonds of trust and reciprocity created in social networks. However, volunteer work may only lead to such beneficial outcomes when certain conditions are met. A functional approach to volunteerism (Snyder, Clary & Stukas 2000) suggests that individual outcomes, such as volunteer satisfaction and retention, are more likely when volunteers are able to meet their important goals and motives for their service in their actual activities. In a small survey of Australian volunteers, we examined whether social capital outcomes, such as generalised trust in others and psychological sense of community, were similarly related to the matching of motivation and available benefits. Our results support such a contention and we discuss its implications and the need for future empirical research on the creation of social capital.
Perfectly Secure Message Transmission Tolerating Mixed Adversary

In this paper, we study the issues related to the possibility, feasibility and optimality for perfectly secure message transmission (PSMT) in an undirected synchronous network, under the influence of a mixed adversary having unbounded computing power, who can corrupt some of the nodes in the network in Byzantine, fail-stop and passive fashion respectively. Specifically, we answer the following questions: (a) Possibility: Given a network and a mixed adversary, what is the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of any PSMT protocol over the network tolerating the adversary? (b) Feasibility: Once the existence of a protocol is ensured, then does there exist a polynomial time and efficient protocol on the given network? (c) Optimality: Given a message of specific length, what is the minimum communication complexity (lower bound) needed by any PSMT protocol to transmit the message and how to design a polynomial time protocol whose total communication complexity matches the lower bound on the communication complexity? We answer the above questions by considering two different types of mixed adversary, namely static mixed adversary and mobile mixed adversary. Intuitively, it is more difficult to tolerate a mobile mixed adversary (who can corrupt different set of nodes during different stages of the protocol) in comparison to its static counter part (who corrupts the same set of nodes throughout the protocol). However, surprisingly, we show that the connectivity requirement in the network and lower bound on communication ✩This is an extended, modified and elaborate version of [10] Corresponding author Email addresses: arpitapatra10@gmail.com, arpitapatra 10@yahoo.co.in (Arpita Patra), partho 31@yahoo.co.in, partho31@gmail.com (Ashish Choudhury), ashwinkumarbv@gmail.com (Ashwinkumar B. V), srinathan@iiit.ac. in (Kannan Srinathan), prangan55@gmail.com, prangan55@yahoo.com (C. Pandu Rangan) 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai India 600036. 2Financial Support from Microsoft Research India Acknowledged. 3Financial Support from Infosys Technology India Acknowledged. 4Center for Security, Theory and Algorithmic Research, IIIT Hyderabad, India. 5Work Supported by Project No. CSE/05/06/076/DITX/CPAN on Protocols for Secure Computation and Communication, Sponsored by Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India. 6Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca. The work was done when the author was an undergraduate student at IIT Madras.
Job Mobility and Career Processes

Renewed interest in the movement of people between jobs highlights the roles of time and opportunity structures in career development. Vacancy-driven models provide the background for many conceptions of the opportunity structure, with recent work on labor markets and economic segmentation contributing characterization of particular structures. Individuals' job-relevant resources, constraints, and contacts interact with structural characteristics to create careers. Careers take place over time, but different aspects of time (e.g. time in the firm versus time in the labor force) have different implications for mobility. Future work in this area needs to develop better understanding of the mechanisms by which job mobility occurs and leads to different kinds of careers.
Total use of olive tree prunings by means of hydrothermal and combustion processes

The aim of this work is to chemically characterize olive tree prunings and use the material in hydrothermal and combustion processes. The influence of the hydrothermal treatment conditions, with and without acid catalyst, of the main fraction of olive tree prunings (stems with a diameter > 1 cm) (temperature 150 to 190ºC, time 0 to 20 minutes after reaching the operation temperature, liquid/solid ratio 6 to 8, and sulphuric acid concentration -0.1 to 0.5%), on the composition of resulting liquid fraction and on the solid yield of resulting solid fraction were studied. A polynomial model was found to reproduce the glucose and arabinose concentration, as well as the experimental results for solid yield with errors less than 20% at worst (< 10-12% in 90-95% of all cases). Good content values of glucose (5.33%) and arabinose (2.76%), and an acceptable value of the solid fraction yield (57.96%) were obtained operating with following values of temperature, time, liquid/solid ratio, and sulfuric acid concentration: 186ºC, 18 min, 7:1, and 0.1%, respectively. With these values ​​are saved, with respect to the use of higher values ​​for operating variables, 2.1% energy, 80% sulfuric acid, and more than 10% of capital facilities. Residual fraction of olive tree prunings (leaves and stems with a diameter < 1 cm) had a heating value of 18699 kJ/kg, a flame temperature of 1207-2234 ºC, and a dew point temperature of combustion gasses of 45-53 ºC.
Irish Athletes’ Attitudes Toward Seeking Sport Psychology Consultation

Abstract The aim of this study was to replicate previous research examining attitudes to sport psychology consultation conducted in the US, Germany and the UK, and New Zealand. The study employed the Sport Psychology Attitudes-Revised (SPA-R) questionnaire in order to examine the attitudes elite Irish athletes (N = 240) hold toward sport psychology, and also to compare these attitudes with those found in other countries. Irish athletes in this study reported a generally positive attitude toward sport psychology provision, and were also identified as being open to receiving sport psychology assistance. They reported moderately high levels of confidence in sport psychology, and indicated the lack of accessibility and availability to these services as the most important factors. Comparison of results with athletes from other countries suggested that positive attitudes toward sport psychology may be based on factors not directly associated with personal experiences of sport psychology. As the provision of spo.
Renal protection in IgA nephropathy requires strict blood pressure control.

Primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide [1,2]. Although IgAN was considered a benign condition for many years, we now know that many cases eventually progress to end-stage renal failure. According to recent reviews, the actuarial renal survival at 10 years is 80–85% in most studies. Moreover, 30–40% of affected individuals develop end-stage renal failure within 20 years from the apparent onset of the disease [1,2]. Impairment of renal function, severe proteinuria and arterial hypertension are the strongest predictors of an unfavourable outcome. Among histological parameters, proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents or advanced lesions (glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis) are the most reliable prognostic markers. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of IgA biology, the aetiology and fundamental pathogenic mechanisms of mesangial IgA deposition have remained unsolved [2]. For this reason, treatment options of IgAN patients currently lack a disease-specific approach. Furthermore, progression to irreversible renal parenchymal damage follows a final common pathway in most cases of chronic proteinuric nephropathies that is relatively independent of the initial insult. IgAN is no exception in that regard. The risk factors for progression of IgAN are the same as in most other chronic glomerulopathies, including hypertension, proteinuria, smoking and early elevation of serum creatinine. Hypertension is the most well known, the most frequently examined and probably also the most important of the risk factors for renal disease progression. This commentary will focus on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension, on the value of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM), on target blood pressures and on treatment options for hypertension in chronic IgAN.
Reconfigurable and power-saving integrated operating system design for supporting mobile nodes in sensor networks

The power management system design is a key factor to determine the stability of a sensor nodes-based network environment. In the meanwhile, an application-based resource reconfigurable operating system can enhance the availability, maintainability and flexibility to the required services. In this paper, we propose an integrated power-saving mechanism and reconfigurable approach for the OS design consideration and demonstrate the critical application in farm monitoring and ubiquitous healthcare. To support fast mobile OS porting and implementation, we also propose the on-line retrieval-on-demand design concepts to carry out highly flexible system architecture. Its corresponding applicability in sensor network environment is discussed. The system design cost is evaluated and several simulations for different parameters are conducted and verified
Transcript Profile of the Response of Two Soybean Genotypes to Potassium Deficiency

The macronutrient potassium (K) is essential to plant growth and development. Crop yield potential is often affected by lack of soluble K. The molecular regulation mechanism of physiological and biochemical responses to K starvation in soybean roots and shoots is not fully understood. In the present study, two soybean varieties were subjected to low-K stress conditions: a low-K-tolerant variety (You06-71) and a low-K-sensitive variety (HengChun04-11). Eight libraries were generated for analysis: 2 genotypes ×2 tissues (roots and shoots) ×2 time periods [short term (0.5 to 12 h) and long term (3 to 12 d)]. RNA derived from the roots and shoots of these two varieties across two periods (short term and long term) were sequenced and the transcriptomes were compared using high-throughput tag-sequencing. To this end, a large number of clean tags (tags used for analysis after removal of dirty tags) corresponding to distinct tags (all types of clean tags) were identified in eight libraries (L1, You06-71-root short term; L2, HengChun04-11-root short term; L3, You06-71-shoot short term; L4, HengChun04-11-shoot short term; L5, You06-71-root long term; L6, HengChun04-11-root long term; L7, You06-71-shoot long term; L8, HengChun04-11-shoot long term). All clean tags were mapped to the available soybean (Glycine max) transcript database (http://www.soybase.org). Many genes showed substantial differences in expression across the libraries. In total, 5,440 transcripts involved in 118 KEGG pathways were either up- or down-regulated. Fifteen genes were randomly selected and their expression levels were confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. Our results provide preliminary information on the molecular mechanism of potassium absorption and transport under low-K stress conditions in different soybean tissues.
CodeGraffiti: Using hand-drawn sketches connected to code bases in navigation tasks

Current IDEs excel at text manipulation, but offer little support for sketching and capturing informal visual artifacts that developers create during their work on the code base. Such artifacts promise to help the examination of existing source bases and the orientation therein when linked up to corresponding code fragments. In this paper, we present a design and prototype how to use linked sketches to assist the the developer in orientating in the code base. Our evaluation with 32 users shows that testers adopt the navigation through linked sketches and refer to the spatial documentation significantly more.