Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring differences in creativity across academic majors for high-ability college students

ABSTRACT Many current theories and models include creativity as a component of giftedness, conceptualizing the construct in numerous ways that complement giftedness. Variations in creativity have also been studied among different academic disciplines, suggesting that although there may be higher levels of creativity for some, major choice is a complex concept. The current study explores differences in several aspects of creativity based on academic major for a high-ability young adult population. Using data from 399 Honors College students at a Midwestern university in the United States, a MANOVA and series of 1-way ANOVAs suggest significant differences by academic major for creative engagement, creative cognitive style, and fantasy, but not for tolerance or spontaneity. The pattern of results generally indicates higher creativity among arts and humanities majors, compared with other disciplines such as education and pre-professional training, although these fields can also benefit from creative input. Potential curricular and experiential reasons for these differences are discussed, along with some implications for educational programming and interventions.
Limit Theorems for Moving Averages of Discretized Processes Plus Noise

This paper presents some limit theorems for certain functionals of moving averages of semi-martingales plus noise, which are observed at high frequency. Our method generalizes the pre-averaging approach (see [13],[11]) and provides consistent estimates for various characteristics of general semi-martingales. Furthermore, we prove the associated multidimensional (stable) central limit theorems. As expected, we find central limit theorems with a convergence rate n1=4, if n is the number of observations.
Facial expression recognition with multithreaded cascade of rotation-invariant HOG

We propose a novel and general framework, named the multithreading cascade of rotation-invariant histograms of oriented gradients (McRiHOG) for facial expression recognition (FER). In this paper, we attempt to solve two problems about high-quality local feature descriptors and robust classifying algorithm for FER. The first solution is that we adopt annular spatial bins type HOG (Histograms of Oriented Gradients) descriptors to describe local patches. In this way, it significantly enhances the descriptors in regard to rotation-invariant ability and feature description accuracy; The second one is that we use a novel multithreading cascade to simultaneously learn multiclass data. Multithreading cascade is implemented through non-interfering boosting channels, which are respectively built to train weak classifiers for each expression. The superiority of McRiHOG over current state-of-the-art methods is clearly demonstrated by evaluation experiments based on three popular public databases, CK+, MMI, and AFEW.
Rotational mixing in massive binaries - Detached short-period systems

Models of rotating single stars can successfully account fo r a wide variety of observed stellar phenomena, such as the surface enhancements of N and He observed in massive main-sequence stars. However, recent observations have questioned the idea that ro tational mixing is the main process responsible for the surface enhancements, emphasizing the need for a strong and conclusive test for rotational mixing. We investigate the consequences of rotational mixing for massive main-sequence stars in short-period binaries. In the se systems the tides are thought to spin up the stars to rapid rotation, sync hronous with their orbital revolution. We use a state-of-th e-art stellar evolution code including the effect of rotational mixing, tides, and magnetic fields. We adop t a rotational mixing effi ciency that has been calibrated against observations of rotating stars und er the assumption that rotational mixing is the main process responsible for the observed surface abundances. We find that the primaries of massive close binaries ( M1≈ 20 M⊙, Porb. 3 days) are expected to show significant enhancements in nitrogen (up to 0.6 dex in the Small Magellanic Cloud) for a significant fraction of their core hydrogen-burning lifetime . We propose using such systems to test the concept of rotational mixing. As these short-period binaries often show eclipses, their p arameters can be determined with high accuracy. For the primary stars of more massive and very close systems ( M1≈ 50 M⊙, Porb. 2 days) we find that centrally produced helium is effi ciently mixed throughout the envelope. The star remains blue and compact during the main sequence evolution and stays within its Roche lobe. It is the less massive star, in which the effects of rotational mixing are less pronounced, which fills it s Roche lobe first, contrary to what standard binary evolution theory pre dicts. The primaries will appear as “Wolf-Rayet stars in dis guise”: core hydrogen-burning stars with strongly enhanced He and N at the surface. We propose that this evolution path provides an al ternative channel for the formation of tight Wolf-Rayet binaries with a main-sequence companion and might explain massive black hole binaries such as the intriguing system M33 X-7.
Feminist-Kaleckian Macroeconomic Policy for Developing Countries

This paper reviews evidence of the gender effects of globalization in developing economies. It then outlines a set of macroeconomic and trade policies to promote gender equity. The evidence suggests that while liberalization has expanded women's access to employment, the long-term goal of transforming gender inequalities remains unmet and appears unattainable without state intervention in markets. This paper sets forth some general principles that can produce greater gender equality, premised on shifting from economies that are profit led and export oriented to those that are wage led and full-employment oriented. The framework is Kaleckian in its focus on the relationship between the gender distribution of income and macroeconomic outcomes.
Project update: applied research on remotely queried embedded microsensors

The US Office of Naval Research is funding a multi- disciplinary team to consolidate progress made in earlier programs towards self-contained microsensors to be embedded in a composite structure and queried using methods that methods that do not require physical connections. The sensors are to be left in place for the lifetime of the structure, are powered by the querying apparatus, and require no penetrations through the surface of the structure. This paper describes the integrated approach taken to realize the goal of an interrogatable strain rosette that is embedded 0.25' below the surface of a graphite composite plate. It also describes the progress to date of the sensor system itself.
An exploration of the relationships between work task and interactive information search behavior

This study explores the relationships between work task and interactive information search behavior. Work task was conceptualized based on a faceted classification of task. An experiment was conducted with six work-task types and simulated work-task situations assigned to 24 participants. The results indicate that users present different behavior patterns to approach useful information for different work tasks:They select information systems to search based on the work tasks at hand, different work tasks motivate different types of search tasks, and different facets controlled in the study play different roles in shaping users’ interactive information search behavior. The results provide empirical evidence to support the view that work tasks and search tasks play different roles in a user’s interaction with information systems and that work task should be considered as a multifaceted variable. The findings provide a possibility to make predictions of a user’s information search behavior from his or her work task, and vice versa. Thus, this study sheds light on task-based information seeking and search, and has implications in adaptive information retrieval (IR) and personalization of IR.
Discussion of metrics for distributed project management: preliminary findings

Project-based activities are at the heart of the virtual organization concept, which implies working in a limited timeframe with distributed teams. Although distributed projects provide major benefits in terms of tapping partners' competencies, they represent a significant challenge for coordinating and monitoring team performance. The paper investigates distributed projects with a specific focus on performance metrics. This topic is central to performance measurement and control, particularly in cases where several organizations are involved. At this stage, very few studies have looked at this issue. We offer an exploratory discussion based on three dimensions that could eventually assist in the development of performance metrics for distributed projects. These dimensions refer to the concepts of project value chain, balanced scorecards, and a focus on the end user's requirements. The dimensions are explored using the example of a re-manufacturing project: a typical industrial project involving a series of actors working together in a distributed mode.
How Positive Psychology Overlaps with a Culturally-Based Indigenous Addictions Treatment Program

Indigenous cultural teachings on well-being continue to be passed on from generation to generation. Research is showing promise in the effectiveness of participating in cultural practices as more First Nations are returning to their culture for healing and recovery in addictions treatment centres. Positive psychology may help explain why. A very brief and general background will be provided on some cultural well-being teachings and on the impacts of history that have had devastating effects on many Indigenous people. Even through historical challenges that affect present day life, more Indigenous people are returning to their cultural ways of healing and living well. This paper will look at positive psychology constructs and theories in the context of supporting the effectiveness of a culturally-based addictions treatment center program and at ways positive psychology can enhance the program.
A formalization of the Turing test

Alan Turing proposed an interactive test to replace the question "Can machines think? " This test has become known as the Turing Test and its validity for determining intelligence or thinking is still in question.Struggling with the validity of long proofs, program correctness, computational complexity and cryptography, theoreticians developed interactive proof systems. By formalizing the Turing Test as an interactive proof system and by employing results from complexity theory, this paper investigates the power and limitations of the Turing Test. In particular, assuming the notion of completeness for standard complexity classes carries over faithfully to human cognition, then we can say: if human intelligence subsumes machine intelligence, and human intelligence is not simulatable by any bounded machine, then the Turing Test can distinguish humans and machines to within arbitrarily high probability.This paper makes no claim about the Turing Test's sufficiency to distinguish humans and machines. Rather, through its formalization this paper gives several ramifications involving the acceptance or rejection of the Turing Test as sufficient for making any such distinction.
Brief Definitive Report Identification of Modifications in Microbial, Native Trna That Suppress Immunostimulatory Activity Naturally Occurring Nucleotide Modifications within Rna Have Been Proposed to Be Structural Determinants for Innate Immune Recognition. We Tested This Hypothesis in the Context 

Microbial nucleic acid recognition has been identified as a common theme in innate immunity involving a variety of receptors (Toll-like Generally, three principles have been elucidated that allow for differentiation of foreign and self– nucleic acids: spatial restrictions, sequence composition , and nucleotide modifications. RNA is abundantly modified with >100 different known chemical modifications that are introduced posttranscriptionally (Czerwoniec Because the extent of modifications depends on the RNA species as well as its evolutionary origin, and because eukaryotic RNA in general is more abundantly modified, nucleotide modifications might conceivably allow discrimination of self and nonself (Koski et al., 2004; activity was significantly more stimulatory than the wild-type sample. The experiments identify the single methyl group on the 2-oxygen of G m 18 as a natural modification in native tRNA that, beyond its primary structural role, has acquired a secondary function as an antagonist of TLR7. article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution– Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license, as described at
Mapping of Imprinted Quantitative Trait Loci Using Immortalized F2 Populations

Mapping of imprinted quantitative trait loci (iQTLs) is helpful for understanding the effects of genomic imprinting on complex traits in animals and plants. At present, the experimental designs and corresponding statistical methods having been proposed for iQTL mapping are all based on temporary populations including F2 and BC1, which can be used only once and suffer some other shortcomings respectively. In this paper, we propose a framework for iQTL mapping, including methods of interval mapping (IM) and composite interval mapping (CIM) based on conventional low-density genetic maps and point mapping (PM) and composite point mapping (CPM) based on ultrahigh-density genetic maps, using an immortalized F2 (imF2) population generated by random crosses between recombinant inbred lines or doubled haploid lines. We demonstrate by simulations that imF2 populations are very desirable and the proposed statistical methods (especially CIM and CPM) are very powerful for iQTL mapping, with which the imprinting effects as well as the additive and dominance effects of iQTLs can be unbiasedly estimated.
Epoch Extraction From Speech Signals

Epoch is the instant of significant excitation of the vocal-tract system during production of speech. For most voiced speech, the most significant excitation takes place around the instant of glottal closure. Extraction of epochs from speech is a challenging task due to time-varying characteristics of the source and the system. Most epoch extraction methods attempt to remove the characteristics of the vocal-tract system, in order to emphasize the excitation characteristics in the residual. The performance of such methods depends critically on our ability to model the system. In this paper, we propose a method for epoch extraction which does not depend critically on characteristics of the time-varying vocal-tract system. The method exploits the nature of impulse-like excitation. The proposed zero resonance frequency filter output brings out the epoch locations with high accuracy and reliability. The performance of the method is demonstrated using CMU-Arctic database using the epoch information from the electroglottograph as reference. The proposed method performs significantly better than the other methods currently available for epoch extraction. The interesting part of the results is that the epoch extraction by the proposed method seems to be robust against degradations like white noise, babble, high-frequency channel, and vehicle noise.
Influencing Self-Selected Passwords Through Suggestions and the Decoy Effect

—We present results from an online experiment with the goal of nudging users towards stronger passwords. We explored the effect of suggesting different variations and constellations of passwords during password selection. In particular, we investigated whether the decoy effect can be applied here: When people face a choice between two options, adding a third, unfavorable option can inﬂuence their decision making process. As a usage scenario, we constructed a choice architecture for password generators that followed this decoy pattern and compared their effect regarding usability and security. While a previous study indicated positive results, we received mixed results regarding the feasibility of the decoy effect. Based on our study, we can however propose concepts to improve persuasive approaches to nudge users towards stronger password strategies.
Predictions of neutralino dark matter event rates in minimal supergravity unification.

A detailed analysis of dark matter event rates in minimal supergravity models (MSGM{close_quote}s) is given. It is shown analytically that the lightest neutralino {tilde {ital Z}}{sub 1} is the LSP over almost all of the parameter space, and hence the natural candidate for cold dark matter (CDM). The radiative breaking of SU(2){times}U(1) constraints is shown to be crucial in determining the expected event rates. Approximate analytic formulas are obtained to determine the gaugino-Higgsino content of the {tilde {ital Z}}{sub 1} particle. From this one can deduce the behavior of the event rates as one varies the SUSY soft breaking parameters and tan{beta}. The constraint on the event rates due to the recently measured {ital b}{r_arrow}{ital s}+{gamma} decay is calculated. It is seen that these data eliminate most of the parameter space where {mu} (the Higgs mixing parameter) and {ital A}{sub {ital t}} (the {ital t}-quark cubic soft breaking parameter) have the same sign. Since the {ital t} quark is close to its Landau pole, {ital A}{sub {ital t}} is restricted to be mostly positive, and so most of the {mu}{approx_gt}0 part of the parameter space is eliminated. However, for {mu}{lt}0, one finds large regions of parameter space where the eventmore » rate is large and exceeds 0.01 events/kgday. The importance of proper treatment of the {ital s}-channel {ital Z} and Higgs poles in calculating the relic density is stressed. The implications of the recent new experiments (SMC and E143) on the quark polarizabilities are analyzed and it is seen that uncertainties in these generally produce only small uncertainties in the event rates. A discussion is also given of the sensitivity of the expected event rates to changes in the allowed range of {tilde {ital Z}}{sub 1} relic density. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society. }« less
Static extraction and conformance analysis of hierarchical runtime architectural structure using annotations

An object diagram makes explicit the object structures that are only implicit in a class diagram. An object diagram may be missing and must extracted from the code. Alternatively, an existing diagram may be inconsistent with the code, and must be analyzed for conformance with the implementation. One can generalize the global object diagram of a system into a runtime architecture which abstracts objects into components, represents how those components interact, and can decompose a component into a nested sub-architecture. A static object diagram represents all objects and inter-object relations possibly created, and is recovered by static analysis of a program. Existing analyses extract static object diagrams that are non-hierarchical, do not scale, and do not provide meaningful architectural abstraction. Indeed, architectural hierarchy is not readily observable in arbitrary code. Previous approaches used breaking language extensions to specify hierarchy and instances in code, or used dynamic analyses to extract dynamic object diagrams that show objects and relations for a few program runs. Typecheckable ownership domain annotations use existing language support for annotations and specify in code object encapsulation, logical containment and architectural tiers. These annotations enable a points-to static analysis to extract a sound global object graph that provides architectural abstraction by ownership hierarchy and by types, where architecturally significant objects appear near the top of the hierarchy and data structures are further down. Another analysis can abstract an object graph into a built runtime architecture. Then, a third analysis can compare the built architecture to a target, analyze and measure their structural conformance, establish traceability between the two and identify interesting differences.
Video Shot Annotation Based on Hypergraph Random Walk Algorithm

We introduced a semi-supervised learning framework based on hyper graph random walk algorithm (HRWA) for content-based video-shot annotation, in which a probabilistic hyper graph is used to represent the relevance relationship among the vertices (video shots). First, based on the similarity matrix computed from attribute values of video shots, a label random walk graph is built on the training set. Second, the random walk processing is carried on a hyper graph system when an unlabeled data arrives and a probability distribution among all labels is obtained. Then, the label category of each shot is determined according to the threshold. Finally, the effectiveness of HRWA is demonstrated by experiments on news video database of TRECVID 2007.
Multi-model hypothesis tracking of groups of people in RGB-D data

Detecting and tracking people and groups of people is a key skill for intelligent vehicles, interactive systems and robots that are deployed in humans environments. In this paper, we address the problem of detecting groups of people from learned social relations between individuals with the goal to reliably track group formation processes. Opposed to related work, we track and reason about multiple social grouping hypotheses in a recursive way, assume a mobile sensor that perceives the scene from a first-person perspective, and achieve good tracking performance in realtime using RGB-D data. In experiments in large-scale outdoor data sets, we demonstrate how the approach is able to track groups of people with varying sizes over long distances with few track identifier switches.
Current profiles and ac losses of a superconducting strip with an elliptic cross-section in a perpendicular magnetic field

We study the case of a hard type II superconductor in the form of a strip with an elliptic cross-section when it is placed in a transverse magnetic field. We approach the problem in two steps, both based on the critical-state model. First, we calculate numerically the penetrated current profiles that ensure complete shielding in the interior, without assuming an a priori form for the profiles. In the second step we introduce an analytical approximation that asumes that the current profiles are ellipses. Expressions linking the sample magnetization to the applied field are derived covering the whole range of applied fields. The theoretical predictions are tested by comparison with the experimental data for the imaginary part of ac susceptibility.
Mean-Value Laplacian Coordinates for Triangular Meshes

This paper presents an effective approach for triangular mesh editing, based on mean-value Laplacian coordinates for triangular meshes. We discretize the Laplace operator using mean value weights instead of uniform weights for fine approximation qualities. The results are obtained by solving a quadratic optimization problem, which can be efficiently minimized by solving a sparse linear system. Moreover, the quadratic energy function is assigned to each triangle rather than each vertex, which is more convenient to add control items. The result shows that our method is effective enough for common applications