Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Geometrical Approach of 3-D FEA for Educational Purposes Applied to Electrostatic Fields

A geometrical approach of the finite-element analysis applied to electrostatic fields is presented. This approach is particularly well adapted to teaching Finite Elements in Electrical Engineering courses at undergraduate level. The procedure leads to the same system of algebraic equations as that derived by classical approaches, such as variational principle or weighted residuals for nodal elements with plane symmetry. It is shown that the extension of the original procedure to three dimensions is straightforward, provided the domain be meshed in first-order tetrahedral elements. The element matrices are derived by applying Maxwell's equations in integral form to suitably chosen surfaces in the finite-element mesh.
Recovery opportunities, work – home interference, and well-being among managers

The present study addressed the associations among various indicators of effort expenditure at work and recovery opportunities (perceived job demands and job control, hours worked overtime, hours worked according to one's contract), work – home interference, and well-being (exhaustion and enjoyment) in a cross-sectional study among 117 male and 82 female managers. Drawing on effort-recovery theory, we expected that high job demands, low job control, a high number of hours worked overtime, and a full-time appointment would be associated with high levels of work – home interference, low levels of enjoyment, and high levels of exhaustion. Stepwise regression analysis largely supported the hypothesis that high job demands and low job control are associated with adverse work outcomes. However, the effects of the number of hours worked overtime and according to one's contract were usually weak and insignificant, suggesting that high effort expenditure does not necessarily have adverse health consequences.
Kinetics of a putative hypoxic tissue marker, technetium-99m-nitroimidazole (BMS181321), in normoxic, hypoxic, ischemic and stunned myocardium.

UNLABELLED This study focused on the kinetics of the newly developed 99mTc-nitroimidazole, propyleneamine oxime-1,2-nitroimidazole (BMS181321) in the different setting of myocardial perfusion states and oxygenation levels, and compared the kinetics of BMS181321 with those of other technetium analogues. METHODS The kinetics of BMS181321 were evaluated in isolated perfused rat hearts. Technetium-99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and a non-nitroimidazole-containing analogue of BMS181321 (6-methyl propyleneamine oxime; PAO-6-Me) were used to compare their kinetics with those of BMS181321. RESULTS BMS181321 cleared quickly from normoxic hearts and the retention in the myocardium 10 min after injection was 0.84% +/- 0.04% ID/g wet wt (mean +/- s.e.m.). In contrast, BMS181321 was retained after reperfusion when it was injected before ischemia; the uptake in the myocardium 10 min after reperfusion was significantly greater than in controls (23.9% +/- 3.9% ID/g wt, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that 99mTc-BMS181321 is well trapped in ischemic myocardium and moderately trapped in hypoxic myocardium, but washed out quickly in stunned myocardium. The residence time influences the amount retained.
Dynamic Detection of Clone Attack in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is considered to be one of the promising technologies for ubiquitous computing environment. Enabling secure communication in among the nodes in a sensor network is a risky task. It is found that WSNs are prone to clone attacks that lead to many devastating effects. In clone attack, an attacker initially captures a node in the network and reprograms the node. In the later stage the adversary replicates the reprogrammed node and spread throughout the network for taking control over the network. There are few distributed solutions available for this problem. But the issues related to energy and memory demanding in any WSN protocol makes these solutions ineffective. In order to overcome these drawbacks, a lightweight, fast, efficient and mobile agent based security solution against cloning attack or replication attack is been proposed for WSNs.
Calreticulin: Challenges Posed by the Intrinsically Disordered Nature of Calreticulin to the Study of Its Function

Calreticulin is a Ca2+-binding chaperone protein, which resides mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum but also found in other cellular compartments including the plasma membrane. In addition to Ca2+, calreticulin binds and regulates almost all proteins and most of the mRNAs deciding their intracellular fate. The potential functions of calreticulin are so numerous that identification of all of them is becoming a nightmare. Still the recent discovery that patients affected by the Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative disorders essential thrombocytemia or primary myelofibrosis not harboring JAK2 mutations carry instead calreticulin mutations disrupting its C-terminal domain has highlighted the clinical need to gain a deeper understanding of the biological activity of this protein. However, by contrast with other proteins, such as enzymes or transcription factors, the biological functions of which are strictly defined by a stable spatial structure imprinted by their amino acid sequence, calreticulin contains intrinsically disordered regions, the structure of which represents a highly dynamic conformational ensemble characterized by constant changes between several metastable conformations in response to a variety of environmental cues. This article will illustrate the Theory of calreticulin as an intrinsically disordered protein and discuss the Hypothesis that the dynamic conformational changes to which calreticulin may be subjected by environmental cues, by promoting or restricting the exposure of its active sites, may affect its function under normal and pathological conditions.
Electric-Load Intelligence (E-LI): Concept and Applications

Electric-load intelligence (E-LI) is an innovative concept which aims to develop new knowledge and apply it intelligently with technologies to enhance the value of electricity. The key components of E-LI such as monitoring, communication, analysis, interface, decision making, control and learning capability are presented. Different studies on load signatures are used to illustrate how E-LI can be developed and applied using the electrical waveforms of loads. This knowledge has the potential of creating new economic, strategic and commercial value while using electricity
Phrase accentuation verification and phonetic variation measurement for the degree of nativeness sub-challenge

The Degree of Nativeness Sub-Challenge consists in the automatic grading of the pronunciation quality of non-native English utterances. In this paper, we investigate the phrase accentuation and the phonetic acoustic variability for the prediction of the grades. Two prediction systems have been developed: the Extended Baseline System (EBS) and the Pronunciation Feature based System (PFS). The EBS system was designed to take into account the cross-corpus specificities such as recording conditions and the sentence variability. The speech files were segmented using Automatic Speech Recognition methods (ASR). Audio features were selected on both the training and development sets using the Regressional ReliefF method. New audio features were developed for the PFS system to take into account the mispronunciations: unusual prosody and/or phonetic variation. These systems have been assessed using the Spearman’s correlation coefficient with expert annotations. The PFS system has significantly improved of 0.05 the Official Baseline performance.
Complex task activation schemes in system level performance analysis

The design and analysis of today's complex real-time systems requires advanced methods. Due to ever growing functionality, hardware complexity and component interaction, applying traditional methods like HW/SW co-simulation is getting increasingly difficult. On the other hand, analytic approaches have proven their usefulness and efficiency for system analysis when end-to-end performance figures like delay, throughput and memory consumption are requested. One of the main drawbacks of these methods is the limited set of systems that can be analyzed with high accuracy: Only simple models for task interaction and task semantics can be used. In this paper, we extend existing methods for analyzing heterogeneous multiprocessor systems such that (a) non-preemptive scheduling policies, (b) complex activation schemes for tasks and (c) conditional behavior of task executions can be modeled and analyzed. We demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach in a case study.
Polarization-Insensitive and Low-Loss 3-D Nanostep Hollow Waveguide for Widely Tunable Photonic Devices

A novel 3-D hollow waveguide (HWG) is proposed and demonstrated to realize low propagation loss and polarization insensitivity for widely tunable and temperature insensitive photonic devices used in future dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. Low polarization dependence and low propagation loss, at the same time, are realizable by optimizing the shape of our 3-D structure. The modeling and experiment of the novel 3-D HWG is presented for low propagation loss and low polarization dependence.
Recombination Rate and Selection Strength in HIV Intra-patient Evolution

The evolutionary dynamics of HIV during the chronic phase of infection is driven by the host immune response and by selective pressures exerted through drug treatment. To understand and model the evolution of HIV quantitatively, the parameters governing genetic diversification and the strength of selection need to be known. While mutation rates can be measured in single replication cycles, the relevant effective recombination rate depends on the probability of coinfection of a cell with more than one virus and can only be inferred from population data. However, most population genetic estimators for recombination rates assume absence of selection and are hence of limited applicability to HIV, since positive and purifying selection are important in HIV evolution. Yet, little is known about the distribution of selection differentials between individual viruses and the impact of single polymorphisms on viral fitness. Here, we estimate the rate of recombination and the distribution of selection coefficients from time series sequence data tracking the evolution of HIV within single patients. By examining temporal changes in the genetic composition of the population, we estimate the effective recombination to be ρ = 1.4±0.6×10−5 recombinations per site and generation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the selection coefficients of at least 15% of the observed non-synonymous polymorphisms exceed 0.8% per generation. These results provide a basis for a more detailed understanding of the evolution of HIV. A particularly interesting case is evolution in response to drug treatment, where recombination can facilitate the rapid acquisition of multiple resistance mutations. With the methods developed here, more precise and more detailed studies will be possible as soon as data with higher time resolution and greater sample sizes are available.
Religious education's representation of ‘religions’ and ‘cultures‘ 1

Abstract Multicultural education (of which ‘multifaith’ RE in England and Wales is sometimes regarded as a subset) was attacked by antiracists in Britain in the 1980s. Although it is arguable that not all of the criticisms were valid, the debate raises questions about the efficacy of religious education in countering racism. The paper argues that a lack of analysis of the concepts ‘religions’ and ‘cultures’ in British RE has led to a representation of religious traditions which essentialises them, playing down their internal diversity, and which assumes a ‘closed’ view of cultures. A more flexible approach is suggested, drawing on work in ethnography and other social science disciplines, which might better combine with antiracist stances than earlier approaches. The work of the Warwick Religions and Education Research Unit is introduced briefly as an example of an attempt to address some of the above issues in terms of an integrated approach to theory, the study of religions in the community and the devel.
AMERICAN JEWISH EDUCATION IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

In this paper, I want to offer some preliminary thoughts on the history of American Jewish education and how it might be reconceived and reconceptualized to transform it into a useful history one that sheds light on issues of significance to contemporary Jev. ;sh educators, In surveying this literature, I find myself somewhat in the situation that historian Bernard Bailyn did when he reviewed the history of American education for his influential volume entitled Education in the Forming of American Society: Needs and Opportuniti es for Study (1960). What he said then seems to me to apply in great measure to American Jewish education today:
Dynamic queries for information exploration: an implementation and evaluation

We designed, implemented and evaluated a new concept for direct manipulation of databases, called dynamic queries, that allows users to formulate queries with graphical widgets, such as sliders. By providing a graphical visualization of the database and search results, users can find trends and exceptions easily. Eighteen undergraduate chemistry students performed statistically significantly faster using a dynamic queries interface compared to two interfaces both providing form fill-in as input method, one with graphical visualization output and one with all-textual output. The interfaces were used to explore the periodic table of elements and search on their properties.
Construction of concept network from large numbers of texts for information examination using TF-IDF and deletion of unrelated words

We propose new methods to construct a network that describes information about the relations of things that are related to a certain keyword from electronic texts. The proposed method has two characteristics (TF-IDF and deletion of unrelated words). We extract related words using a term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF)-based method. Using TF-IDF, we extract only important words. We use TF-IDF as a weight for an edge in a network. We also delete unrelated words in the network. When expanding a network and adding words, unrelated words are likely to be added. The proposed system deletes such unrelated words using two methods, the topic-restricted and topic-related methods. We have experimentally confirmed that the proposed TF-IDF-based related word extraction method obtains better results than a method that uses conditional probabilities to extract related words. We also conducted experiments to verify the effectiveness of deleting unrelated words. We found that the topic-restricted method could delete most unrelated words and maintain approximately 0.8 of the related words from the original network. The topic-related method can delete some unrelated words and maintain most related words from the original network.
Dispersion compensator using a compact arrayed-waveguide grating with a dispersion-adjusting structure

A dispersion compensator consisting of a compact arrowhead arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG) with a dispersion-adjusting structure has been proposed. Dispersion parameters can be adjusted by filling lens-shaped deep trenches with refractive index-controlled resin. Dispersion compensators based on an 8ch, 12.5GHz-spacing AWG have been fabricated. The dispersion-adjusting structure consists of three double concave trenches located near the focal plane in a second slab waveguide. Dispersion compensators with total dispersions of 234ps/nm and 1103ps/nm were fabricated by using resins with refractive indices of 1.51 and 1.405, respectively.
The loss of serving in the dark

We study the following balls and bins stochastic process: There is a buffer with B bins, and there is a stream of balls X = {X1, X2, . ,XT} such that Xi is the number of balls that arrive before time i but after time i-1. Once a ball arrives, it is stored in one of the unoccupied bins. If all the bins are occupied then the ball is thrown away. In each time step, we select a bin uniformly at random, clear it, and gain its content. Once the stream of balls ends, all the remaining balls in the buffer are cleared and added to our gain. We are interested in analyzing the expected gain of this randomized process with respect to that of an optimal gain-maximizing strategy, which gets the same online stream of balls, and clears a ball from a bin, if exists, at any step. We name this gain ratio the loss of serving in the dark. In this paper, we determine the exact loss of serving in the dark. We prove that the expected gain of the randomized process is worse by a factor of ρ + ε from that of the optimal gain-maximizing strategy for any ε > 0, where ρ = max_{α > 1} α eα/((α-1)eα + e - 1) ~ 1.69996 and B = Ω (1/ε3). We also demonstrate that this bound is essentially tight as there are specific ball streams for which the above-mentioned gain ratio tends to ρ. Our stochastic process occurs naturally in many applications. We present a prompt and truthful mechanism for bounded capacity auctions, and an application relating to packets scheduling.
Rapid Antigen Group A Streptococcus Test to Diagnose Pharyngitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Pharyngitis management guidelines include estimates of the test characteristics of rapid antigen streptococcus tests (RAST) using a non-systematic approach. Objective To examine the sensitivity and specificity, and sources of variability, of RAST for diagnosing group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Data Sources MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Scopus, SciELO, CINAHL, guidelines, 2000–2012. Study Selection Culture as reference standard, all languages. Data Extraction and Synthesis Study characteristics, quality. Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s) Sensitivity, specificity. Results We included 59 studies encompassing 55,766 patients. Forty three studies (18,464 patients) fulfilled the higher quality definition (at least 50 patients, prospective data collection, and no significant biases) and 16 (35,634 patients) did not. For the higher quality immunochromatographic methods in children (10,325 patients), heterogeneity was high for sensitivity (inconsistency [I2] 88%) and specificity (I2 86%). For enzyme immunoassay in children (342 patients), the pooled sensitivity was 86% (95% CI, 79–92%) and the pooled specificity was 92% (95% CI, 88–95%). For the higher quality immunochromatographic methods in the adult population (1,216 patients), the pooled sensitivity was 91% (95% CI, 87 to 94%) and the pooled specificity was 93% (95% CI, 92 to 95%); however, heterogeneity was modest for sensitivity (I2 61%) and specificity (I2 72%). For enzyme immunoassay in the adult population (333 patients), the pooled sensitivity was 86% (95% CI, 81–91%) and the pooled specificity was 97% (95% CI, 96 to 99%); however, heterogeneity was high for sensitivity and specificity (both, I2 88%). Conclusions RAST immunochromatographic methods appear to be very sensitive and highly specific to diagnose group A streptococcal pharyngitis among adults but not in children. We could not identify sources of variability among higher quality studies. The present systematic review provides the best evidence for the wide range of sensitivity included in current guidelines.
Factors That Affect Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscle Function and Physiology

Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle has the promise to be a tool for studying physiology, screening muscle-active drugs, and clinical replacement of damaged muscle. To maximize the potential benefits of engineered muscle, it is important to understand the factors required for tissue formation and how these affect muscle function. In this review, we evaluate how biomaterials, cell source, media components, and bioreactor interventions impact muscle function and phenotype.
Semaphorin 3D autocrine signaling mediates the metastatic role of annexin A2 in pancreatic cancer

Annexin A2–dependent secretion of semaphorin 3D induces metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Semaphorin signals guide metastases Semaphorin signaling directs the migration of developing neurons, as well as new blood vessels. The abundance of semaphorin 3D (Sema3D) is increased in the tumors of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), and antibodies against the protein annexin A2 are present in patient sera. Using cells from a genetic mouse model of PDA, Foley et al. found that annexin A2 increased the release of Sema3D from PDA cells and promoted migratory behavior in cultured PDA cells. Secreted Sema3D activated its co-receptor plexin D1 in an autocrine manner on the surface of PDA cells. Knocking down annexin A2 decreased the colonization of injected PDA cells in the liver and lungs of mice. These prometastatic effects of annexin A2 did not involve changes in tumor growth or vascularization. Targeting annexin A2 may prevent metastatic PDA. Most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) present with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis or will recur with metastases after surgical treatment. Semaphorin–plexin signaling mediates the migration of neuronal axons during development and of blood vessels during angiogenesis. The expression of the gene encoding semaphorin 3D (Sema3D) is increased in PDA tumors, and the presence of antibodies against the pleiotropic protein annexin A2 (AnxA2) in the sera of some patients after surgical resection of PDA is associated with longer recurrence-free survival. By knocking out AnxA2 in a transgenic mouse model of PDA (KPC) that recapitulates the progression of human PDA from premalignancy to metastatic disease, we found that AnxA2 promoted metastases in vivo. The expression of AnxA2 promoted the secretion of Sema3D from PDA cells, which coimmunoprecipitated with the co-receptor plexin D1 (PlxnD1) on PDA cells. Mouse PDA cells in which SEMA3D was knocked down or ANXA2-null PDA cells exhibited decreased invasive and metastatic potential in culture and in mice. However, restoring Sema3D in AnxA2-null cells did not entirely rescue metastatic behavior in culture and in vivo, suggesting that AnxA2 mediates additional prometastatic mechanisms. Patients with primary PDA tumors that have abundant Sema3D have widely metastatic disease and decreased survival compared to patients with tumors that have relatively low Sema3D abundance. Thus, AnxA2 and Sema3D may be new therapeutic targets and prognostic markers of metastatic PDA.
Online Estimation of the Rotor Flux Linkage and Voltage-Source Inverter Nonlinearity in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives

This paper proposes a method for online estimating the rotor flux linkage and voltage-source inverter (VSI) nonlinearity of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drives. Thermocouples are employed for measuring the temperature variation of the stator winding in order to obtain the actual value of stator winding resistance. An Adaline estimator is used for online estimation of distorted voltage Vdead due to VSI nonlinearity. Both are subsequently used for the estimation of the rotor flux linkage. The proposed method is experimentally validated on a PMSM drive system and shows good performance in tracking the variation of the rotor flux linkage and compensating the VSI nonlinearity.