Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
No-wait Packet Scheduling for IEEE Time-sensitive Networks (TSN)

The IEEE Time-sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group has recently standardized enhancements for IEEE 802.3 networks for enabling it to transport time-triggered traffic (aka scheduled traffic) providing them with stringent bounds on network delay and jitter while also transporting best-effort traffic. These enhancements primarily include dedicating one queue per port of the switch for scheduled traffic along with a programmable gating mechanism that dictates which of the queues are to be considered for transmission. While the IEEE 802.1Qbv standards define these mechanisms to handle scheduled traffic, it stops short of specifying algorithms to compute fine-grained link schedules for the streams of scheduled traffic. Further, the mechanisms in TSN require creation of so-called guard bands to isolate scheduled traffic from the best-effort traffic. These guard bands may potentially result in bandwidth wastage, and hence schedules with lower number of guard bands are preferred. In this paper, we introduce the No-wait Packet Scheduling Problem (NW-PSP) for modelling the scheduling in IEEE Time-sensitive Networks and map it to the No-wait Job-shop Scheduling Problem (NW-JSP), a well-known problem from the field of operational research. In particular, we present a Tabu search algorithm for efficient computing of schedules and a schedule compression technique to reduce number of guard bands in schedule. Our evaluations show that our Tabu search algorithm can compute near-optimal schedules for over 1500 flows and the subsequent schedule compression reduces the number of guard bands on an average by 24%.
On the complex disc–corona interactions in the soft spectral states of soft X-ray transients

Accreting black holes show a complex and diverse behaviour in their soft spectral states. Although these spectra are dominated by a soft, thermal component which almost certainly arises from an accretion disc, there is also a hard X–ray tail indicating that some fraction of the accretion power is instead dissipated in hot, optically thin coronal material. During such states, best observed in the early outburst of Soft X–ray Transients, the ratio of power dissipated in the hot corona to that in the disc can vary from � 0 (pure disc accretion) to � 1 (equal power in each). Here we present results of spectral analyses of a number of sources, demonstrating the presence of complex features in their energy spectra. Our main findings are: (1) the soft components are not properly described by a thermal emission from accretion discs: they are appreciably broader than can be described by disc blackbody models even including relativistic effects, and (2) the spectral features near 5–9 keV commonly seen in such spectra can be well described by reprocessing of hard X–rays by optically thick, highly ionized, relativistically moving plasma.
Commensal–Pathogen Interactions along the Human Nasal Passages

Bacterial species that commonly reside on surfaces of the human nasal passages (Fig 1) interact with the host along a continuum from beneficial to harmful, i.e., from mutualist to commensal to pathogen. Likewise, the host responds along a continuum from tolerance to damage [1]. In fact, a small number of bacterial species that are prevalent and often abundant members of the nasal microbiota are important human pathogens, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. In the United States alone, S. pneumoniae contributes to ~20,000 deaths [2] and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA) contribute to ~10,000 deaths annually [3]. Despite this significant mortality, most S. aureus and S. pneumoniae interactions with humans are harmless and do not result in disease, i.e., are commensal. However, benign colonization can be the starting point for disease, host–host transmission, and selection for new microbial traits. This duality of behavior from commensal to pathogen has led to the term pathobiont [4]. The factors that shift the behavior of pathobionts from a commensal to a pathogenic state remain to be identified. However, the interplay of pathobionts with other members of the microbiota might be one such factor. The combination of cultivation and 16S rRNA gene-based approaches has revealed new insights into this possibility and has sparked renewed interest in determining the molecular mechanisms of commensal–pathobiont interactions in the nasal microbiota. One goal of these efforts is to identify potentially beneficial bacteria (mutualists) that might either exclude pathobionts through colonization resistance or shift the behavior of colonizing pathobionts towards commensalism. The feasibility of this goal is supported by two studies in adult Danish twins. Data from a large study of 617 twin pairs indicate that host genetics play a limited role in determining S. aureus nostril colonization and suggest a larger role for environmental factors, which could include the microbiota [6]. In a follow-up study of 46 monozygotic and 43 dizygotic twin pairs, the bacterial composition of the nasal microbiota is also predominantly an environmentally derived phenotype with host genetics playing a minor role in composition, but a larger role in determining bacterial density on nasal surfaces [7]. These studies, along with evidence that nasal microbiota composition changes over time, including seasonal variation [8–13], support the hypothesis that nasal microbiota composition could be altered for therapeutic benefit [7,14]. This hypothesis is bolstered by reports of negative correlations in colonization between key pathobionts (e.g., S. pneumoniae and S. aureus) and select benign commensals and of alterations in microbiota composition in disease states, e.g., middle ear infections (otitis media) [7,15–26]. Such studies further highlight the need to understand the role and function of the
Optimal internal stabilization of a damped wave equation by a level set approach

Abstract. We consider a damped linear wave equation defined on a bi-dimensional domain Ω. Due to the damping term defined on the sub-domain ω ⊂ Ω, the system is dissipative. We address the problem of the optimal position and shape design of the support ω in order to minimize the energy of the system at a given time T . Introducing an adjoint problem we first obtain explicitly the (shape) derivative of the energy at time T with respect to the variation of ω. Expressed as a boundary integral on ∂ω, this derivative is then used as an advection velocity in an Hamilton-Jacobi equation for changing the shape. We use the levelset methodology on a fixed working Eulerian mesh. We also consider the optimization with respect to the value of the damping. The numerical approximation is presented in detail and leads to several numerical experiments that indicate the efficiency of the method.
Influence of laser chirp on the performance of 40 Gbit/s optically compensated directly modulated systems

The influence of laser chirp on the performance of 40 Gbit/s directly-modulated (DM) long-haul systems (LHS) using optimised optically pre-compensated dispersion maps (OPDM) are assessed through numerical simulation. It is shown that, for a laser chirp parameter of 3.5, the interplay of high laser chirp with linear and nonlinear fiber effects leads to signal distortion that prevents the efficient use of 40 Gbit/s/ DM-LHS. However, a reduced laser chirp parameter of 1.5 allows a strong improvement of signal transmission, foreseeing the possibility of using DM-LHS with OPDM. In addition, it is also shown that the right balancing between the laser's transient and adiabatic chirps plays a decisive role in order to attain the best performance of DM-LHS using OPDM.
A quantative comparison of two restoration methods as applied to confocal microscopy

A quantitative comparison of two restoration methods as applied to confocal microscopy, Proc. 1. Introduction The main contribution of the confocal microscope to microscopy is that it provides a practical method to obtain microscopic volume images. Although a confocal microscope is a true volume imager, its imaging properties give rise to a blurring phenomenon similar to that of a conventional microscope, but with a reduced range. The resulting distortions hamper subsequent quantitative analysis. Therefore, operations that invert the distortions of the microscope may improve these analyses. In previous work [1], the iterative constrained Tikhonov-Miller (ICTM) inversion was used to restore diffraction-induced distortions. Quantitative texture measurements, based on the grey value distance transform (GDT) [2], showed that the results improved when applied to images after restoration. The use of the ICTM restoration method was motivated by the linear system model of the imaging properties of a confocal microscope. In this model, the image is a convolution of the object with the microscopes point spread function and distorted by additive noise. However in images with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), this additive noise model is a poor description of the actual photon-limited image recording. Under these circumstances, the noise characteristics are best described by a Poisson process, which motivates the use of restoration methods optimized for Poisson noise distorted images. We have compared the ICTM inversion with the expectation-maximization algorithm for computing the maximum likelihood estimator (EM-MLE) for the intensity of a Poisson process
The Deco Framework for Interactive Procedural Modeling

In this paper we introduce Deco, a powerful framework for procedural design that shipped in Adobe Flash Pro CS4 through CS6 and in Adobe Photoshop CS6. The Deco framework generates complex patterns from a small number of input parameters and models encoded as JavaScript objects, all stored in text files called scriptals. The object’s methods define local growth and behavior or the rendering of the pattern. A collection of libraries simulate global interactions between the resulting structure and the environment. In addition, an artist can interactively control both the procedural growth and the resulting pattern or structure.
Impact transformation: effective and efficient web retrieval

We extend the applicability of impact transformation, which is a technique for adjusting the term weights assigned to documents so as to boost the effectiveness of retrieval when short queries are applied to large document collections. In conjunction with techniques called quantization and thresholding, impact transformation allows improved query execution rates compared to traditional vector-space similarity computations, as the number of arithmetic operations can be reduced. The transformation also facilitates a new dynamic query pruning heuristic. We give results based upon the trec web data that show the combination of these various techniques to yield highly competitive retrieval, in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency, for both short and long queries.
Novel Vantage-Scalable cache Compression Scheme

In today’s world speed is one of the important factor that is considered for selecting any electronic component in the market. Speed of a microprocessor based system mainly depends on the speed of the microprocessor which in turn depends on the memory access time. cache compression is one of the way to increase speed of a microprocessor based system since it increases cache capacity and off-chip bandwidth. Storing compressed lines in the cache increases the effective cache capacity. For example, a compressed L1 cache design where each set can store either one uncompressed line or two compressed lines. Increasing the effective cache size can eliminate misses and thereby reduce the time lost to long off-chip miss penalties. However, compression increases the cache hit time, since the decompression overhead lies on the critical access path. Depending upon the balance between hits and misses, cache compression has the potential to either greatly help or greatly hurt performance.
What Is the Role of Motif D in the Nucleotide Incorporation Catalyzed by the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase from Poliovirus?

Poliovirus (PV) is a well-characterized RNA virus, and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from PV (3Dpol) has been widely employed as an important model for understanding the structure-function relationships of RNA and DNA polymerases. Many experimental studies of the kinetics of nucleotide incorporation by RNA and DNA polymerases suggest that each nucleotide incorporation cycle basically consists of six sequential steps: (1) an incoming nucleotide binds to the polymerase-primer/template complex; (2) the ternary complex (nucleotide-polymerase-primer/template) undergoes a conformational change; (3) phosphoryl transfer occurs (the chemistry step); (4) a post-chemistry conformational change occurs; (5) pyrophosphate is released; (6) RNA or DNA translocation. Recently, the importance of structural motif D in nucleotide incorporation has been recognized, but the functions of motif D are less well explored so far. In this work, we used two computational techniques, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quantum mechanics (QM) method, to explore the roles of motif D in nucleotide incorporation catalyzed by PV 3Dpol. We discovered that the motif D, exhibiting high flexibility in either the presence or the absence of RNA primer/template, might facilitate the transportation of incoming nucleotide or outgoing pyrophosphate. We observed that the dynamic behavior of motif A, which should be essential to the polymerase function, was greatly affected by the motions of motif D. In the end, through QM calculations, we attempted to investigate the proton transfer in enzyme catalysis associated with a few amino acid residues of motifs F and D.
Structuring Meta-search Research by Design Patterns 1

Design patterns shall support the reuse of a software architecture in different application domains as well as the flexible reuse of components. In this paper, we propose design patterns for metasearch engines. We also introduce design patterns for common components of meta-search engines e.g. query interface generator, information extraction, result merger and result ranker. Presented design patterns for meta-search engines and their components are reusable, extendable and flexible. These design patterns accelerate the development process in meta-search domain and other related domains. Moreover, it promises higher quality of developed solutions. These design patterns also provide developers with a shared vocabulary for easy communication.
Two Can Live as Cheaply as One...But Three’s a Crowd

To measure poverty, incomes must be equivalized across households with different structures. In this paper, we use a very flexible ordered response model to analyze the relationship between income, demographic structure and subjective assessments of financial wellbeing drawn from the 1991-2008 British Household Panel Survey. Our results suggest the existence of large scale economies within marital/cohabiting couples, but substantial diseconomies from the addition of children or further adults. This pattern contrasts sharply with commonly-used equivalence scales, and is consistent with explanations in terms of the capital requirements associated with additions to the core couple.
GENOTYPE‐ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY

Studies of spatial variation in the environment have primarily focused on how genetic variation can be maintained. Many one‐locus genetic models have addressed this issue, but, for several reasons, these models are not directly applicable to quantitative (polygenic) traits. One reason is that for continuously varying characters, the evolution of the mean phenotype expressed in different environments (the norm of reaction) is also of interest. Our quantitative genetic models describe the evolution of phenotypic response to the environment, also known as phenotypic plasticity (Gause, 1947), and illustrate how the norm of reaction (Schmalhausen, 1949) can be shaped by selection. These models utilize the statistical relationship which exists between genotype‐environment interaction and genetic correlation to describe evolution of the mean phenotype under soft and hard selection in coarse‐grained environments. Just as genetic correlations among characters within a single environment can constrain the response to simultaneous selection, so can a genetic correlation between states of a character which are expressed in two environments. Unless the genetic correlation across environments is ± 1, polygenic variation is exhausted, or there is a cost to plasticity, panmictic populations under a bivariate fitness function will eventually attain the optimum mean phenotype for a given character in each environment. However, very high positive or negative correlations can substantially slow the rate of evolution and may produce temporary maladaptation in one environment before the optimum joint phenotype is finally attained.
Query expansion using thesaurus in improving Malay Hadith retrieval system

Thesaurus has become another valuable structure in any Information Retrieval system. It is a list of terms and concepts that provide a controlled vocabulary of words to use in document indexing, clustering, searching and retrieval. This paper present the results of expanding user's query using Malay thesaurus in the process of searching Malay documents from Malay Hadith retrieval system. The results obtained shows that the retrieval effectiveness improves by four percent when thesaurus is employed in the process of retrieving Malay translated Hadith documents, compared to when single term queries are employed.
Mechanical modelling of a vibration energy harvester with time-varying stiffness

In this paper, the problem of energy harvesting with a parametric harvester is presented. A single degree-of- freedom (SDOF) mechanical oscillator with time-varying stiffness subject to a harmonic base excitation is considered as a parametric harvester. A periodic time-varying stiffness is introduced to the harvester in order to generate parametric resonance. The performance of the harvester is analysed with and without the periodic stiffness coefficients. Relative displacement and the average harvested power are obtained both numerically and analytically. It is demonstrated that a small excitation can produce a large response when the system is parametrically excited with a frequency near to twice of its fundamental frequency. This enhancement of the displacement response results in an increase in the harvested energy. This response is higher when the base excitation frequency and the harvester fundamental frequency are equal. Also, it is possible to tune the parametric harvester to have parametric frequencies twice of the base excitation frequencies in order to increase the frequency bandwidth. The optimum parametric stiffness, parametric frequency and base excitation frequency are obtained to maximise the peak power.
Pareto Optimal Prediction for Moving Objects

This paper addresses the optimal prediction for moving objects according to the Pareto optimal model. There are many factors need to be taken into account when predicting moving objects, e.g. current position, history trajectory, weather, and so on, and these factors are often independence. Existing techniques for moving objects prediction always use a synthesized factor, which is calculated by a score function contain many factors, as the single metric to select optimal results. Unfortunately, in many applications, these factors often can't be integrated as one score-function, and users often need select the most possible prediction result by themselves. This paper firstly defines a prediction model using the Pareto optimal model, which selects optimal results by multiple independence score-functions, and then presents the Pareto Optimal Prediction algorithm (POP algorithm) for moving objects, which selects Pareto optimal prediction results for moving objects. By this algorithm, users can select the most possible prediction result by themselves.
Spitzer observations of SN 2014J and properties of mid-IR emission in Type Ia Supernovae

SN 2014J in M 82 is the closest Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in decades. The proximity allows for detailed studies of supernova physics and provides insights into the circumstellar and interstellar environment. In this work, we analyse Spitzer mid-infrared (mid-IR) data of SN 2014J in the 3.6 and 4.5 μm wavelength range, together with several other nearby and well-studied SNe Ia. We compile the first composite mid-IR light-curve templates from our sample of SNe Ia, spanning the range from before peak brightness well into the nebular phase. Our observations indicate that SNe Ia form a very homogeneous class of objects at these wavelengths. Using the low-reddening supernovae for comparison, we constrain possible thermal emission from circumstellar dust around the highly reddened SN 2014J. We also study SNe 2006X and 2007le, where the presence of matter in the circumstellar environment has been suggested. No significant mid-IR excess is detected, allowing us to place upper limits on the amount of pre-existing dust in the circumstellar environment. For SN 2014J, M_(dust) ≲ 10^(− 5) M⊙ within r_(dust) ∼ 10^(17) cm, which is insufficient to account for the observed extinction. Similar limits are obtained for SNe 2006X and 2007le.
Histone H2B Ubiquitylation Is Associated with Elongating RNA Polymerase II

ABSTRACT Rad6-mediated ubiquitylation of histone H2B at lysine 123 has been linked to transcriptional activation and the regulation of lysine methylation on histone H3. However, how Rad6 and H2B ubiquitylation contribute to the transcription and histone methylation processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Paf1 transcription elongation complex and the E3 ligase for Rad6, Bre1, mediate an association of Rad6 with the hyperphosphorylated (elongating) form of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). This association appears to be necessary for the transcriptional activities of Rad6, as deletion of various Paf1 complex members or Bre1 abolishes H2B ubiquitylation (ubH2B) and reduces the recruitment of Rad6 to the promoters and transcribed regions of active genes. Using the inducible GAL1 gene as a model, we find that the recruitment of Rad6 upon activation occurs rapidly and transiently across the gene and coincides precisely with the appearance of Pol II. Significantly, during GAL1 activation in an rtf1 deletion mutant, Rad6 accumulates at the promoter but is absent from the transcribed region. This fact suggests that Rad6 is recruited to promoters independently of the Paf1 complex but then requires this complex for entrance into the coding region of genes in a Pol II-associated manner. In support of a role for Rad6-dependent H2B ubiquitylation in transcription elongation, we find that ubH2B levels are dramatically reduced in strains bearing mutations of the Pol II C-terminal domain (CTD) and abolished by inactivation of Kin28, the serine 5 CTD kinase that promotes the transition from initiation to elongation. Furthermore, synthetic genetic array analysis reveals that the Rad6 complex interacts genetically with a number of known or suspected transcription elongation factors. Finally, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants bearing defects in the pathway to H2B ubiquitylation display transcription elongation defects as assayed by 6-azauracil sensitivity. Collectively, our results indicate a role for Rad6 and H2B ubiquitylation during the elongation cycle of transcription and suggest a mechanism by which H3 methylation may be regulated.