Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safeguarding Our Genetic Resources with Libraries of Doubled-Haploid Lines

Thousands of landraces are stored in seed banks as “gold reserves” for future use in plant breeding. In many crops, their utilization is hampered because they represent heterogeneous populations of heterozygous genotypes, which harbor a high genetic load. We show, with high-density genotyping in five landraces of maize, that libraries of doubled-haploid (DH) lines capture the allelic diversity of genetic resources in an unbiased way. By comparing allelic differentiation between heterozygous plants from the original landraces and 266 derived DH lines, we find conclusive evidence that, in the DH production process, sampling of alleles is random across the entire allele frequency spectrum, and purging of landraces from their genetic load does not act on specific genomic regions. Based on overall process efficiency, we show that generating DH lines is feasible for genetic material that has never been selected for inbreeding tolerance. We conclude that libraries of DH lines will make genetic resources accessible to crop improvement by linking molecular inventories of seed banks with meaningful phenotypes.
Fast radiation mapping and multiple source localization using topographic contour map and incremental density estimation

Toward a global picture of the radiation exposure of an area, particularly for fast emergency response, a UAV based exploration method is proposed. Without a priori knowledge of the radiation field, it is difficult to select the region of interest (ROI) which includes all radiation sources. For the case of a single radiation source, a greedy algorithm may localize the source by finding the maximum radiation value. However, when multiple sources generate a hotspot in a cumulative manner, the hotspot position does not coincide with one of the source positions. Therefore, we propose an efficient exploration method to quickly localize the radiation sources using the following procedures: (1) ROI selection using topographic maps with specific radiation level selection methods and (2) source localization estimating the number of sources and their positions with incremental variational Bayes inference of Gaussian mixtures. Under three different conditions according to the number of sources and their positions, we have shown that the proposed model can reduce the ROI and significantly improve the estimation accuracy than existing methods.
Pairing of pre‐ and postsynaptic activities in cerebellar Purkinje cells induces long‐term changes in synaptic efficacy in vitro.

1. An in vitro slice preparation of rat cerebellar cortex was used to analyse long‐lasting modifications of synaptic transmission at parallel fibre (PF)‐Purkinje cell (PC) synapses. These use‐dependent changes were induced by pairing PF‐mediated EPSPs evoked at low frequency (1 Hz) with different levels of membrane polarization (or bioelectrical activities) of PCs for 15 min. 2. Experiments were performed on forty‐eight PCs recorded intracellularly in a conventional perfused chamber, and in fifty other cells maintained in a static chamber either in the presence (n = 21) or in the absence (n = 29) of 400 nM‐phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate (PDBu). 3. In these three experimental conditions, PF‐mediated EPSPs were always measured on PCs maintained at a holding potential of ‐75 mV, and further hyperpolarized by constant hyperpolarizing pulses. This allowed us both to test the input resistance of PCs and to avoid their firing during PF‐mediated EPSPs. 4. In all cells retained for the present study, latencies of PF‐mediated EPSPs evoked at 0.2 Hz were stable during the pre‐pairing period, and the same was true for their amplitude and time course. 5. In the perfused chamber, pairing of PF‐mediated EPSPs with the same hyperpolarization of PCs as that used for measurements of synaptic responses had no effect on these EPSPs in 30% of PCs. It induced long‐term depression (LTD) and long‐term potentiation (LTP) in 23 and 47% of the tested cells respectively (n = 17). 6. In the perfused chamber, pairing of PF‐mediated EPSPs with moderate depolarization of PCs (n = 19) giving rise to a sustained firing of sodium spikes significantly favoured the appearance of LTP as compared to the previous pairing protocol. However, there were still 27 and 15% of cells which showed no modification and LTD respectively. 7. In contrast, pairing of PF‐mediated EPSPs with calcium (Ca2+) spikes evoked by strong depolarization of PCs (n = 12) led to LTD of synaptic transmission in nearly half of the tested cells, whereas LTP was now observed in less than 20% of them. 8. In the static chamber and in the absence of PDBu, LTD of PF‐mediated EPSPs was observed in most cells, whatever the pairing protocol with sodium or Ca2+ spikes. 9. This shift towards LTD was significantly reversed by PDBu in the pairing protocol using firing of sodium spikes, but not in the case of pairings with Ca2+ spikes. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Investigation of the Tribological Behavior of Eutectic Al-Si Casting Alloy

The effect of roughness of Al-Si alloy on the wear is investigated. Roughness average ( R a ) was verified via different polishing, also was using a pin–on-disc of different loads (5, 10, 15) N, different speeds (100, 200, 300) rpm and relative humidity 74%. Different values of R a are obtained with (3, 5 and 7) µm. Worn surface were characterized using SEM / EDX. The results show that the wear rate of Al-Si eutectic alloys increases with the roughness increase. It was noticed that the specific and wear decreases as roughness decreases. Severe wear was observed at all loads. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.25130/tjes.24. 2017.30
Principles and Techniques in the Design of ADMS&#177;

'ADMS+/-' is an advanced data base management system whose architecture integrates the ADSM+ mainframe data base system with a large number of work station data base systems, designated ADMS-; no communications exist between these work stations. The use of this system radically decreases the response time of locally processed queries, since the work station runs in a single-user mode, and no dynamic security checking is required for the downloaded portion of the data base. The deferred update strategy used reduces overhead due to update synchronization in message traffic.
CoughLoc: Location-Aware Indoor Acoustic Sensing for Non-Intrusive Cough Detection

Pervasive medical monitoring has become an ideal alternative to nursing care for elderly people and patients in hospitals. Existing systems using single body-worn sensors are often intrusive and less reliable. By contrast, ubiquitous acoustic sensing techniques can support non-intrusive and robust medical monitoring. In this paper, we describe CoughLoc, a ubiquitous acoustic sensing system for continuous cough detection using a wireless sensor network. We show how knowledge of sound source locations can be leveraged to improve the detection accuracy of sound events caused by mobile users. Experiments in indoor environments show our system achieves over 90% cough detection performance under quiet backgrounds, and 1.6 times higher performance compared to a baseline approach with no location information.
Facial feature detection using AdaBoost with shape constraints

Recently a fast and efficient face detection method has been devised [11], which relies on the AdaBoost algorithm and a set of Haar Wavelet like features. A natural extension of this approach is to use the same technique to locate individual features within the face region. However, we find that there is insufficient local structure to reliably locate each feature in every image, and thus local models can give many false positive responses. We demonstrate that the performance of such feature detectors can be significantly improved by using global shape constraints. We describe an algorithm capable of accurately and reliably detecting facial features and present quantitative results on both high and low resolution image sets.
Relating the Physical Properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipopolysaccharides to Virulence by Atomic Force Microscopy

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are an important class of macromolecules that are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa contains two different sugar chains, the homopolymer common antigen (A band) and the heteropolymer O antigen (B band), which impart serospecificity. The characteristics of LPS are generally assessed after isolation rather than in the context of whole bacteria. Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the physical properties of the LPS of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 (serogroup O11) in situ. This strain contains a mixture of long and very long polymers of O antigen, regulated by two different genes. For this analysis, we studied the wild-type strain and four mutants, ΔWzz1 (producing only very long LPS), ΔWzz2 (producing only long LPS), DΔM (with both the wzz1 and wzz2 genes deleted), and Wzy::GM (producing an LPS core oligosaccharide plus one unit of O antigen). Forces of adhesion between the LPS on these strains and the silicon nitride AFM tip were measured, and the Alexander and de Gennes model of steric repulsion between a flat surface and a polymer brush was used to calculate the LPS layer thickness (which we refer to as length), compressibility, and spacing between the individual molecules. LPS chains were longest for the wild-type strain and ΔWzz1, at 170.6 and 212.4 nm, respectively, and these values were not statistically significantly different from one another. Wzy::GM and DΔM have reduced LPS lengths, at 34.6 and 37.7 nm, respectively. Adhesion forces were not correlated with LPS length, but a relationship between adhesion force and bacterial pathogenicity was found in a mouse acute pneumonia model of infection. The adhesion forces with the AFM probe were lower for strains with LPS mutations, suggesting that the wild-type strain is optimized for maximal adhesion. Our research contributes to further understanding of the role of LPS in the adhesion and virulence of P. aeruginosa.
Central blood pressure relates more strongly to retinal arteriolar narrowing than brachial blood pressure: the Nagahama Study

Objectives: Although central blood pressure (BP) is considered to be more closely associated with large arterial remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes than brachial BP, few studies have investigated these associations with changes in small arteries. As morphological changes in retinal vessels might be associated with cardiovascular outcomes, we conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of central BP with retinal vessel caliber. Methods: The study included 8054 Japanese participants. Central BP was estimated by the radial arterial waveform by calibrating brachial BP. Central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) was computationally measured using fundus photography. Results: CRAE was most strongly associated with central SBP (r = −0.324, P < 0.001), followed by DBP (r = −0.292, P < 0.001) and central pulse pressure (PP; r = −0.226, P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between SBP and CRAE was significantly greater in central SBP than in brachial SBP (r = −0.300, P < 0.001). After adjustment for possible covariates, brachial SBP (&bgr; = −0.221, P < 0.001) and central SBP (&bgr; = −0.239, P < 0.001) were independently associated with CRAE. Further, higher brachial SBP (&bgr; = −0.226, P < 0.001) and smaller PP amplification (&bgr; = 0.092, P < 0.001) were identified as independent determinants of narrowing of CRAE in the same equation, which indicated the superiority of central BP. Central BP-determined hypertensive individuals had a significantly narrower CRAE independent of brachial BP (central/brachial: hypertension/hypertension 121.4 ± 11.5, hypertension/normotension 120.9 ± 11.2, normotension/hypertension 125.1 ± 11.9, normotension/normotension 128.1 ± 11.5 &mgr;m). Conclusion: Central BP was more closely associated with the narrowing of CRAE than brachial BP. Slight increases in central BP might be involved in the morphological changes in small retinal arteries, even in individuals with optimal brachial BP.
Treatment fluids comprising transient polymer networks

The invention relates to compositions and methods relating to treatment fluids that comprise transient polymer networks in subterranean applications. In one aspect, the invention provides a method comprising: providing a treatment fluid comprising an aqueous base fluid and a transient polymer network, and placing the treatment fluid in a subterranean formation. In another aspect, the invention provides a subterranean treatment fluid comprising: an aqueous-base fluid and a transient polymer network.
Metabolic Profiles of Brain Metastases

Metastasis to the brain is a feared complication of systemic cancer, associated with significant morbidity and poor prognosis. A better understanding of the tumor metabolism might help us meet the challenges in controlling brain metastases. The study aims to characterize the metabolic profile of brain metastases of different origin using high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to correlate the metabolic profiles to clinical and pathological information. Biopsy samples of human brain metastases (n = 49) were investigated. A significant correlation between lipid signals and necrosis in brain metastases was observed (p < 0.01), irrespective of their primary origin. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that brain metastases from malignant melanomas cluster together, while lung carcinomas were metabolically heterogeneous and overlap with other subtypes. Metastatic melanomas have higher amounts of glycerophosphocholine than other brain metastases. A significant correlation between microscopically visible lipid droplets estimated by Nile Red staining and MR visible lipid signals was observed in metastatic lung carcinomas (p = 0.01), indicating that the proton MR visible lipid signals arise from cytoplasmic lipid droplets. MRS-based metabolomic profiling is a useful tool for exploring the metabolic profiles of metastatic brain tumors.
Hard X-ray emission from a young massive star-forming cluster

We report the detection of hard X-ray emission (>2 keV) from a number of point sources associated with the very young massive star-forming region IRAS 19410+2336. The X-ray emission is detected from several sources located around the central and most deeply embedded mm continuum source, which remains undetected in the X-ray regime. All X-ray sources have K-band counterparts, and those likely belonging to the evolving massive cluster show near-infrared colors in the 2MASS data indicative of pre-main-sequence stages. The X-ray luminosities around 10 31 ergs −1 are at the upper end of luminosities known for low-mass pre-main-sequence sources, and mass estimates based on the infrared data indicate that at least some of the X-ray detected sources are intermediate-mass objects. Therefore, we conclude that the X-ray emission is due to intermediate- mass pre-main-sequence Herbig Ae/Be stars or their precursors. The emission process is possibly due to magnetic star-disk interaction as proposed for their low-mass counterparts.
Oral tumors in children: Diagnosis and management

Oral tumors are one of important tumors which could be associated with serious problems in infant and children. It has been showed that a variety of cellular and molecular pathways including genetics and epigenetics mechanisms (eg, chromosomal alterations, and microRNA) involved in pathogenesis events present in oral tumors. Identification of these pathways could contribute to better treatment of oral tumor patients. Early detection is one of key steps in management of oral tumors which could contribute to improve clinical outcomes and better treatment of infant with oral tumors. Despite of easy accession of the oral cavity, oral tumors (malign/benign) are diagnosed in advance stages. Therefore, these tumors indicate a poor survival rate. It has been showed that various approaches including imaging techniques, chemical, genetics, and epigenetic biomarkers could have critical roles in early detection of oral tumors. Treatment of oral tumors is associated with employing of various therapeutic approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Data on effective diagnostic platforms and therapeutic approaches for oral tumors in children and infant are rare. We offer that a variety of biomarkers such as microRNAs which could be used for oral tumors in adults may be good candidates for early detection of oral tumors in children. Here, we summarized various aspects of oral tumors in children such as molecular pathways, diagnosis, and management of them.
GLASS FIBER-REINFORCED POLYESTER COMPOSITE FATIGUE CRACK MONITORING USING ACOUSTIC EMISSION

Acoustic Emission (AE) is an elastic stress wave which is produced by a quick release of the energy through a material. There are many reasons that result in AE such as deformation of the material, crack initiation and growth of cracks. Only a little study has investigated about damage assessment in glass fiber reinforced polyester composite, and some other studies considered about one or two AE signal parameters with pattern recognition. AE basic parameters have not been widely used to detect the onset of damage in composite materials. This study was done to apply AE technique by using basic parameters for detecting onset of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite materials damage and validate this technique using actual AE data from fatigue growth. Tensile test was done on 3 specimens of glass fiber reinforced polyester composite to find out the percentage of applied stress. 15 specimens were used for the fatigue test with 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, and 60% of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as a stress level. A cyclic tension-tension loading was applied to the samples, during the test, AE sensor was attached to the center of the specimens and AE signal parameters were generated from the specimens during the test. The discussion showed when crack propagated in materials; AE signal parameters such as energy, amplitude, number of hits, as well as correlation of two basic parameter such as amplitude versus duration was were analyzed to find out crack growth behavior in different stage of testing in early time of testing, middle and near fracture zone. Therefore from the trend of the AE signal parameters, failure of material such as matrix cracking between 40 dB - 60 dB ofamplitude, fiber debonding 60 dB - 65 dB, fiber pull out between 65 dB - 85 dB and fiber breakage between 85 dB - 100 dB were observed. The high degree correlation between AE signal parameters such as energy and number of hits, between number of cycles to failure as well as applied stress with R2 = 91% and R2 = 92% in the composite material presented that AE basic parameter can be used for detecting the onset of damage as it can record from initial cracks and also crack propagation at different time of service at different stress level.
Inference in DATR

DATR is a declarative language for representing a restricted class of inheritance networks, permitting both multiple and default inheritance. The principal intended area of application is the representation of lexical entries for natural language processing, and we use examples from this domain throughout. In this paper we present the syntax and inference mechanisms for the language. The goal of the DATR enterprise is the design of a simple language that (i) has the necessary expressive power to encode the lexical entries presupposed by contemporary work in the unification grammar tradition, (ii) can express all the evident generalizations about such entries, (iii) has an explicit theory of inference, (iv) is computationally tractable, and (v) has an explicit declarative semantics. The present paper is primarily concerned with (iii), though the examples used may hint at our strategy in respect of (i) and (ii).
Isolation and characterization of two bacteriophages with strong in vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dogs with ocular infections.

OBJECTIVE To isolate and characterize bacteriophages with strong in vitro lytic activity against various pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from dogs with ocular infections. SAMPLE 26 genetically distinct P aeruginosa isolates. PROCEDURES P aeruginosa strains were derived from dogs with naturally acquired ulcerative keratitis. From a large-scale screening for bacteriophages with potential therapeutic benefit against canine ocular infections, 2 bacteriophages (P2S2 and P5U5) were selected; host ranges were determined, and phage nucleic acid type and genetic profile were identified via enzymatic digestion. Electron microscopy was used to characterize bacteriophage ultrastructure. Bacteriophage temperature and pH stabilities were assessed by use of double-layer agar overlay titration. A cocultivation assay was used to evaluate the effect of the bacteriophages on bacterial host growth. RESULTS P5U5 was active against all P aeruginosa isolates, whereas P2S2 formed lytic plaques on plates of 21 (80.8%) isolates. For each bacteriophage, the genomic nucleic acid was DNA; each was genetically distinct. Ultrastructurally, P2S2 and P5U5 appeared likely to belong to the Podoviridae and Siphoviridae families, respectively. The bacteriophages were stable within a pH range of 4 to 12; however, titers of both bacteriophages decreased following heating for 10 to 50 minutes at 45° or 60°C. Growth of each P aeruginosa isolate was significantly inhibited in coculture with P2S2 or P5U5; the dose response was related to the plaque-forming unit-to-CFU ratios. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bacteriophages P2S2 and P5U5 appear to be good candidates for phage treatment of infection caused by pathogenic P aeruginosa in dogs.
Reducing the Cost of Breaking Audio CAPTCHAs by Active and Semi-supervised Learning

CAPTCHAs are challenge-response tests that are widely used in the Internet to distinguish human users from machines. In addition to the well-known visual CAPTCHAs, most Internet services also provide an audio-based scheme, e.g., To enable access for visually impaired users. Recent research has shown that most CAPTCHAs are vulnerable as they can be broken by machine learning techniques. However, such automated attacks come at a relatively high cost as they require human experts to create labels for the unlabeled CAPTCHA samples collected from a website in order to train an attacking system. In this work we utilize active and semi-supervised learning methods for breaking audio CAPTCHAs. We show that these methods can reduce the labeling costs considerably, resulting in an increased vulnerability of audio CAPTCHAs as automated attacks are rendered even more worthwhile. In addition, our findings give insight into improvements to the design of CAPTCHAs, helping to harden prospective audio CAPTCHA schemes against active learning attacks in the future.