Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of the Effect of Ultra-High Pressure on the Extraction of Polyphenols from Peach Residue

The effect of ultra-high pressure on the extracting of polyphenols from pearch residue by alcohol solution was studied. The optimum concentration of alcohol was 70% (v/v) . The extracting effectiveness increased as the increased pressure and the extracting effectiveness increased acutely before 500 MPa but increased slowly above 600 MPa (besides 400 MPa) . The extracting effectiveness increased as the increased extracting time and then decreased and the optimum extracting time was 10 minute. The extracting effectiveness increased as the increased temperature and then decreased and the optimum extracting time was 50degC The extracting effectiveness of polyphenols by alcohol solution from the pear residue could be improved by high pressure.
Wideband Tunable Bandpass Filter Using Optimized Varactor-Loaded SIRs

This letter presents a detailed investigation on the relationship between the frequency tunability and the properties of the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR). It can be seen that the frequency tuning range of the varactor-loaded SIR relies on the impedance and length ratios of the SIR when the capacitance of the varactor is within a fixed varying range. There exists an optimum length ratio of the SIR to achieve the largest frequency tuning range. For demonstration, a wideband tunable bandpass filter based on the optimized varactor-loaded SIR is designed, fabricated, and measured. The coupling coefficient between two coupled SIRs can be adjusted for meeting the requirement that the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the passband remain constant in the frequency tuning process. The simulation and measured results, showing good accordance, exhibit a tuning range from 0.6 to 1.015 GHz with a 3-dB constant FBW of about 15.5% and an in-band insertion loss of 1.1–2.8 dB.
Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage pSa-3

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus phage pSa-3, isolated in South Korea from a sewage sample, has a 137-kb genome with 29% G+C content. This phage was targeted to control the bacteria in clinical isolates (mainly from skin lesions) and can be used in the decolonization of S. aureus.
Protection of mice against Schistosoma mansoni infection by passive transfer of sera from infected rabbits

Sera from rabbits infected with unattenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae conferred significant levels of protection against S. mansoni challenge (P < 0.001) after passive transfer to mice. Infected rabbit sera were only effective in conferring protection when transferred during the first week of infection, and were not effective when administered against liver‐stage worms. Immunoglobulins isolated from the infected rabbit sera with Protein A‐Sepharose were shown to be responsible for the transfer of protection to mice. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that the sera were more reactive against the surface of three hour‐old mechanically transformed schistosomula than against the surfaces of lung‐stage schistosomula. The sera from infected rabbits reacted polyspecifically against antigens in cercaria, schistosomula, and the worm and egg stages of the S. mansoni life‐cycle. The host parasite relationship of S. mansoni in the rabbit is discussed.
Engaging Distortions: Are We Idealizing Marriage?

Abstract The present study was an investigation of the premarital status of engagement in terms of relationship satisfaction and marital expectations using the Evaluation and Nurturing Relationship Issues, Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS) and its two subscales of Idealistic Distortion (ID) and Marital Satisfaction (MS) (D. G. Fournier, D. H. Olson, & J. M. Druckman, 1983). There were 104 students (23 men and 81 women), of which 15 were married, 19 were engaged, and 70 had extended dating relationships. On average, participants had been in the relationship for 3.8 years, and the mean age was 22 years. Results demonstrated that individuals engaged to be married had significantly higher idealistic distortion scores (M = 86.89) than did either married individuals (M = 56.67) or those in extended dating relationships (M = 61.19). Finally, a negative relation was found between length of relationships and marital satisfaction subscores. Results are discussed in light of factors contributing to such idealized thinking.
Analog and digital FPGA implementation of BRIN for optimization problems

The binary relation inference network (BRIN) shows promise in obtaining the global optimal solution for optimization problem, which is time independent of the problem size. However, the realization of this method is dependent on the implementation platforms. We studied analog and digital FPGA implementation platforms. Analog implementation of BRIN for two different directed graph problems is studied. As transitive closure problems can transform to a special case of shortest path problems or a special case of maximum spanning tree problems, two different forms of BRIN are discussed. Their circuits using common analog integrated circuits are investigated. The BRIN solution for critical path problems is expressed and is implemented using the separated building block circuit and the combined building block circuit. As these circuits are different, the response time of these networks will be different. The advancement of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) in recent years, allowing millions of gates on a single chip and accompanying with high-level design tools, has allowed the implementation of very complex networks. With this exemption on manual circuit construction and availability of efficient design platform, the BRIN architecture could be built in a much more efficient way. Problems on bandwidth are removed by taking all previous external connections to the inside of the chip. By transforming BRIN to FPGA (Xilinx XC4010XL and XCV800 Virtex), we implement a synchronous network with computations in a finite number of steps. Two case studies are presented, with correct results verified from simulation implementation. Resource consumption on FPGAs is studied showing that Virtex devices are more suitable for the expansion of network in future developments.
Field-measured heritability of the threshold for sex determination in a turtle with temperature-dependent sex determination

Problem: For temperature-dependent sex determination to respond to selection, there should be genetic variance underlying the threshold that switches development from a male-producing program to a female-producing program. Genetic variance for this threshold in reptiles has never been estimated under field conditions. Methods: We estimated variance components of the thermal sensitivity of the sex determination threshold under field conditions for the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, a species that has temperature-dependent sex determination. Multiple paternity within clutches was identified by genotyping females and their offspring. We endeavoured to statistically account for common nest and maternal effects and estimated the genetic variance underlying the sex determination threshold under field conditions by isolating the contribution of sires within a single clutch. Results: With 51 clutches containing 393 offspring, we estimated significant heritability for the sex determination threshold (h 2 = 0.351, 95% CI = [0.164, 0.832]). Using a more restrictive dataset, which included only those clutches where each sire was represented by at least two offspring (34 nests, 273 hatchlings), heritability was not significantly different from zero (h 2 = 0.173, 95% CI = [0.000, 0.628]). Paternal siring success did not influence hatchling sex; thus, we have no evidence to support differential sex allocation across different sires within the same nest. Conclusion: We used a natural ‘breeding design’ under field conditions to show that the threshold of temperature-dependent sex determination may have a heritable genetic basis.
A Test of Strategic Interaction in Monetary Policy

Beginning with an example provided by Kydland and Prescott [29], a large literature has evolved concerning strategic interaction between the public and a monetary authority in the conduct of monetary policy. We undertake a direct test of a fundamental assumption of the strategic monetary policy literature. Monetary policy games suppose that the monetary authority and the public are aware of the strategic interdependence between them. That is, these models suppose that the monetary authority chooses an inflation rate that is a function of the public's expected inflation rate and that the public is sophisticated enough to realize that the inflation rate chosen by the monetary authority is a function of its beliefs. Below we extend Cukierman and Meltzer's [18] model of ambiguity and credibility in monetary policy to nest other models. We then use a novel data set that permits a test of the assumption of strategic awareness for agents in the U.S. We find support for our extension of the Cukierman and Meltzer model. The new data brought to bear is the Federal Reserve's forecast of inflation conditional on the monetary policy it chose. Throughout the sample period, the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) met from eight to twelve times per year to consider various short term monetary policies. Data on the forecasted paths for the inflation rate, growth rate in output, and unemployment rate associated with the different monetary policies under consideration is available for some of their meetings; it seems reasonable to suppose that the chosen monetary policy satisfies revealed preference in the forecasts of these variables that it and the rejected monetary policies imply. Therefore, in referring to the data, we use the terms "inflation rate forecast by the Federal Reserve" and "inflation rate chosen by the Federal Reserve" interchangeably. Since theories of time consistent monetary policy have always been cast in the latter terminology, the data are especially well-suited to a direct test of the theory. Section I briefly reviews the theoretical literature on monetary policy games and empirical
In Vivo Modulation of Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses toward a Th1 Phenotype Increases Potency and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Mouse Model

ABSTRACT Several vaccines have been investigated experimentally in the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) model system. While it is believed that CD4+-T-cell responses are important for protection in general, the correlates of protection from HSV-2 infection are still under investigation. Recently, the use of molecular adjuvants to drive vaccine responses induced by DNA vaccines has been reported in a number of experimental systems. We sought to take advantage of this immunization model to gain insight into the correlates of immune protection in the HSV-2 mouse model system and to further explore DNA vaccine technology. To investigate whether the Th1- or Th2-type immune responses are more important for protection from HSV-2 infection, we codelivered the DNA expression construct encoding the HSV-2 gD protein with the gene plasmids encoding the Th1-type (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines in an effort to drive immunity induced by vaccination. We then analyzed the modulatory effects of the vaccine on the resulting immune phenotype and on the mortality and the morbidity of the immunized animals following a lethal challenge with HSV-2. We observed that Th1 cytokine gene coadministration not only enhanced the survival rate but also reduced the frequency and severity of herpetic lesions following intravaginal HSV challenge. On the other hand, coinjection with Th2 cytokine genes increased the rate of mortality and morbidity of the challenged mice. Moreover, of the Th1-type cytokine genes tested, IL-12 was a particularly potent adjuvant for the gD DNA vaccination.
Paleomagnetic Study of Antarctic Deep-Sea Cores

The magnetic inclinations and inten sities of about 650 samples from seven deepsea cores taken in the Antarctic were measured on a spinner magnetometer. This series of measurements provided a magnetic stratigraphy, based on zones of normally or reversally polar ized specimens for each core, which was then correlated with the magnetic stra tigraphy of Cox et al. (1). One core (V16-134) gave a continuous record of the paleomagnetic field back to about 3.5 million years. When selected samples were subject ed to alternatingfield demagnetization, most were found to have an unstable component that was removed by fields of 150 oersteds; all samples from two cores were partially demagnetized in a field of 150 oersteds. The average inclination in these two cores was then in good agreement with the average inclination of the ambient field for the latitude of the core site. It was also found that the intensities of the samples decreased at the points of reversal; this finding is to be expected if, as has been postulated by the dynamo theory, the intensity of the dipole field decreases to zero and builds again with opposite polarity. We believe that the magnetiza tion of the cores results from the pres ence of detrital magnetite, although other magnetic minerals also may be present. Four faunal zones (, X, , and ) have been recognized in these Antarctic cores on the basis of upward sequential disappearance of Radiolaria. The faunal boundaries and reversals consistently have the same relations to one another, indicating that they are both timedependent phenomena. Using previously determined times of reversal, one may date the following events in the cores: 1) Radiolarian faunal boundaries:-X, 2 million years; X-, 0.7 million years; -, 0.4 to 0.5 million years. These dates are in good agreement with ages previously extrapolated from radio metric dates. 2) Initiation of Antarctic diatom ooze deposition, approximately 2.0 mil-lion years ago. 3) First occurrence of ice- rafted detritus, approximately 2.5 million years ago. One can also calculate rates of sedi mentation, which vary in the cores studied from 1.1 to about 8.0 millimeters per 1000 years. Sedimentation rates for the Indian Ocean cores are higher than for the Bellingshausen Sea cores. The near coincidence of faunal changes and reversals in the cores suggests but does not prove a causal relation. We conclude from this study that paleomagnetic stratigraphy is a unique method for correlating and dating deep sea cores, and that future work with such cores may provide a complete or nearly complete record of the history of the earth's magnetic field beyond 4 million years.
Mycorrhizal Networks: Common Goods of Plants Shared under Unequal Terms of Trade1[W][OA]

Plants commonly live in a symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). They invest photosynthetic products to feed their fungal partners, which, in return, provide mineral nutrients foraged in the soil by their intricate hyphal networks. Intriguingly, AMF can link neighboring plants, forming common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs). What are the terms of trade in such CMNs between plants and their shared fungal partners? To address this question, we set up microcosms containing a pair of test plants, interlinked by a CMN of Glomus intraradices or Glomus mosseae. The plants were flax (Linum usitatissimum; a C3 plant) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor; a C4 plant), which display distinctly different 13C/12C isotope compositions. This allowed us to differentially assess the carbon investment of the two plants into the CMN through stable isotope tracing. In parallel, we determined the plants’ “return of investment” (i.e. the acquisition of nutrients via CMN) using 15N and 33P as tracers. Depending on the AMF species, we found a strong asymmetry in the terms of trade: flax invested little carbon but gained up to 94% of the nitrogen and phosphorus provided by the CMN, which highly facilitated growth, whereas the neighboring sorghum invested massive amounts of carbon with little return but was barely affected in growth. Overall biomass production in the mixed culture surpassed the mean of the two monocultures. Thus, CMNs may contribute to interplant facilitation and the productivity boosts often found with intercropping compared with conventional monocropping.
Forward and Inverse Kinematics for a Small-Sized Humanoid Robot

This paper examines the forward and inverse kinematics of a small-sized low-cost commercial humanoid robot providing closed form solutions for both kinematic problems. The analyzed robot has 16 degrees-of-freedom: five for each leg and three for each arm, actuated by sixteen digital servomotors, like those used in aero-modelism. Each leg is a serial kinematic chain that uses three degrees of freedom to control the position of the foot, and two more to orient it,resembling a human ankle. Unfortunately, this ankle has been designed with an offset that prevents a direct decoupling of the position and orientation of the foot, situation that generally leads to the lack of a closed form solution in most cases. The proposed solution deals with this problem; it uses a geometrical approach that effectively solves the inverse kinematic problem by means of an analytical algorithm.
Production of accurate skeletal models of domestic animals using three‐dimensional scanning and printing technology

Access to adequate anatomical specimens can be an important aspect in learning the anatomy of domestic animals. In this study, the authors utilized a structured light scanner and fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer to produce highly accurate animal skeletal models. First, various components of the bovine skeleton, including the femur, the fifth rib, and the sixth cervical (C6) vertebra were used to produce digital models. These were then used to produce 1:1 scale physical models with the FDM printer. The anatomical features of the digital models and three‐dimensional (3D) printed models were then compared with those of the original skeletal specimens. The results of this study demonstrated that both digital and physical scale models of animal skeletal components could be rapidly produced using 3D printing technology. In terms of accuracy between models and original specimens, the standard deviations of the femur and the fifth rib measurements were 0.0351 and 0.0572, respectively. All of the features except the nutrient foramina on the original bone specimens could be identified in the digital and 3D printed models. Moreover, the 3D printed models could serve as a viable alternative to original bone specimens when used in anatomy education, as determined from student surveys. This study demonstrated an important example of reproducing bone models to be used in anatomy education and veterinary clinical training. Anat Sci Educ 11: 73–80. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
An improved perfusion technique for recovering adult schistosomes from laboratory animals.

Summary The technique described is the result of more than 15 years' experience in recovering adult schistosomes from experimentally infected animals. Basically, the method consists in administering intraperitoneally a combined injection of pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) and heparin to produce a shift of the worms from the mesenteric veins to the liver and to prevent clotting while they are perfused directly into conical sedimentation glasses for collection and counting. The method permits the recovery of almost every live schistosome; it is rapid and simple.
Preparation of chitosan microspheres using membrane emulsification and its size modelling

The chitosan microspheres were prepared by a membrane emulsification method with variations of the N2 gas pressure and the chitosan concentration. The pressure of N2 gas was varied within the range from 0.2 × 105 to 0.8 × 105 Pa at chitosan concentration 1.5 wt%. In addition, the concentration of chitosan was varied between 0.5 ∼ 2.0 wt% at 0.4 × 105 Pa of N2 gas pressure. Using this method, it is possible to prepare stable emulsions with a very narrow droplet size distribution in comparison with conventional methods. The average size of the microspheres was dependent on the N2 gas pressure and the concentration, that is it was increased with the pressure and the concentration. The modelling of the size for the microspheres according to the concentration was carried out using Macleod's relation and Parkins & Brown equation. The former shows the relationship between density and surface tension and the latter demonstrates the correlation between the volume of the microspheres and the interfacial tension. The modelling results were in good agreement with the experimental data to predict the microspheres size with the variation of concentration.
LE 11 SEPTEMBRE 2001 ET LE DILEMME DE SÉCURITÉ

Security and insecurity are complex concepts that states have problem in defining them in different conditions. Complexity of the concepts comes out of security dilemma which states face when they seek to recognize enemy and scale of threat that the enemy may cause. Events of September the 11 th formed a new condition in which United States faced the security dilemma that had not risen from a specific country but the enemy that was not recognizable and did not behave like states. United States attempted to solve the mentioned security dilemma by defining enemy, its threats and the new condition after events of September the 11 th . This article, in order to explain the security dilemma of the United States after events of the September the 11 th , is written in two parts; the first part is to explain security dilemma and the approaches that have been given to solve it and the second part tends to explain the security dilemma that United States faced after terrorist attacks of September the 11 th 2001.
KIF2β, a new kinesin superfamily protein in non‐neuronal cells, is associated with lysosomes and may be implicated in their centrifugal translocation

Lysosomes concentrate juxtanuclearly in the region around the microtubule‐organizing center by interaction with microtubules. Different experimental and physiological conditions can induce these organelles to move to the cell periphery by a mechanism implying a plus‐end‐directed microtubule‐motor protein (a kinesin‐like motor). The responsible kinesin‐superfamily protein, however, is unknown. We have identified a new mouse isoform of the kinesin superfamily, KIF2β, an alternatively spliced isoform of the known, neuronal kinesin, KIF2. Developmental expression pattern and cell‐type analysis in vivo and in vitro reveal that KIF2β is abundant at early developmental stages of the hippocampus but is then downregulated in differentiated neuronal cells, and it is mainly or uniquely expressed in non‐neuronal cells while KIF2 remains exclusively neuronal. Electron microscopy of mouse fibroblasts and immunofluorescence of KIF2β‐transiently‐transfected fibroblasts show KIF2 and KIF2β primarily associated with lysosomes, and this association can be disrupted by detergent treatment. In KIF2β‐overexpressing cells, lysosomes (labeled with anti‐lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐1) become abnormally large and peripherally located at some distance from their usual perinuclear positions. Overexpression of KIF2 or KIF2β does not change the size or distribution of early, late and recycling endosomes nor does overexpression of different kinesin superfamily proteins result in changes in lysosome size or positioning. These results implicate KIF2β as a motor responsible for the peripheral translocation of lysosomes.