Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
to referee

1, Generally, there are many problems in historical records, which cannot be directly used without evaluation and correction. But in this manuscript, the reliability evaluation of the data used to estimate cropland area was missing. →We used two types of data sources in this study, statistics and previous studies. From the beginning of the 19th century, statistics were allowed to cover more and more social areas. Over time, the data became increasingly reliable, and the process was completed in the early 20th century (Linde and Palm, 2014). Thus, we need to validate the statistics before the 20th century. Cropland data in 1665, 1723, and 1809 for Norway, and cropland data in 1907, 1936, 1950, and 1980 for Denmark were from statistics. The rest of the cropland area data came from previous studies. All cropland data from previous studies we used was also based on statistics. The cropland area data before the 20th century from earlier studies was calibrated using regional historical maps (Linde and Palm, 2014; Dam and Jakobsen, 2008; Odgaard and Rømer, 2009). For cropland area data during 1875-1999 in Sweden and Norway, Li et al. (2013) used statistics directly, and the cropland data were smaller than the real values before the 20th century. Due to the historical census's unavailability, we compared the cropland area data in 1999 from Li et al. (2013) with that in 2000 from Eurostat agricultural census. Eurostat collects information on the structural characteristics of the agricultural holdings, including land use every 10 years as an agricultural census, with two or three additional, intermediate sample surveys carried out in-between in Norway. The difference was found between statistics and census in Norway, and we calibrated the cropland area data in Norway from 1690 to 1999 (See Page 10, lines 2-19; Page 11, lines 1-9 in revised manuscript).
High Power DC Chargers with Extended Negative-Sequence Current Control for Load Balancing in Low-Voltage Networks

Public three phase low-voltage networks are capable of feeding high power DC chargers. For charger installation in remote network locations, active front-end (AFE) rectifiers using voltage source converters ensure network power quality. A modular parallel current control decoupled by a multiple complex-coefficient filter is proposed to achieve low negative-sequence and harmonic current emission. Furthermore, the AFEs capability of compensating network load unbalance is discussed. As unbalance compensation significantly increases DC-voltage ripple, the proposed current control is extended by a parallel third harmonic current control module to optimize DC-capacitor dimensioning. Simulation and experimental tests validate the proposed current control concept.
Phylogeny of the vomeronasal system and of receptor cell types in the olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia of vertebrates

In this paper, the evolutionary origin of the vomeronasal system as a discrete sensory system separate from olfaction is examined. The presence of a discrete vomeronasal system appears to be a derived character in tetrapods, and its presence in larval amphibians indicates that the system did not arise as a terrestrial adaptation. The vomeronasal system has been lost independently in several taxa, including crocodilians, some bats, cetaceans, and some primates. The presence of microvillar receptor cells in the vomeronasal epithelium appears to be the ancestral condition for tetrapods, and alternative hypotheses concerning the ancestral condition for receptor cell types in the vertebrate olfactory epithelium are discussed. Finally, the possibility that the vomeronasal system is present in some fishes in a form that has not been recognized is discussed in relation to the phylogenetic distribution of receptor cell types in vertebrates. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving availability of opioid pain medications: testing the principle of balance in Latin America.

FOR A NUMBER OF YEARS, my colleagues and I have been working through a process to formulate an idea into a model that can be used to evaluate and then improve anti-drug abuse policies so they do not interfere with the use of opioid analgesics for pain relief. We refined this idea into the principle of “balance. ” Our work started in Wisconsin and led ultimately to the development of policy evaluation guidelines that were endorsed by key agencies associated with the United Nations. Real world testing of the model with regulators and clinicians took place in several countries, including in Latin America.
Aspergillus oryzae S-03 Produces Gingipain Inhibitors as a Virulence Factor for Porphyromonas gingivalis

Oral infection with Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis causes periodontitis that is manifested by the destruction of gingival connective tissues. Although a few types of antibiotics are effective against the infection, its use induces the appearance of drug-resistant bacteria. The present study shows that the fermented product of Aspergillus (A.) oryzae S-03, cultivated on the fat-removed soybean, inhibits the cell growth of the P. gingivalis. Likewise, the fermented product of the S-03 strain cultured for 26~42 h displays an inhibitory activity to gingipain as a virulence factor of P. gingivalis. The activity is not lost even with heat treatment at 100℃ for 15 min. We also demonstrate that the S-03 strain exhibits high protease activity. In addition, the strain does not produce aflatoxin because of the loss of a regulatory gene, aflR, necessary for the toxin biosynthesis.
A Stream Processing System for Multisource Heterogeneous Sensor Data

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), a variety of sensor data are generated around everyone’s life. New research perspective regarding the streaming sensor data processing of the IoT has been raised as a hot research topic that is precisely the theme of this paper. Our study serves to provide guidance regarding the practical aspects of the IoT. Such guidance is rarely mentioned in the current research in which the focus has been more on theory and less on issues describing how to set up a practical system. In our study, we employ numerous open source projects to establish a distributed real time system to process streaming data of the IoT. Two urgent issues have been solved in our study that are (1) multisource heterogeneous sensor data integration and (2) processing streaming sensor data in real time manner with low latency. Furthermore, we set up a real time system to process streaming heterogeneous sensor data from multiple sources with low latency. Our tests are performed using field test data derived from environmental monitoring sensor data collected from indoor environment for system validation. The results show that our proposed system is valid and efficient for multisource heterogeneous sensor data integration and streaming data processing in real time manner.
Dynamical effects on superconductivity in a BCS-BEC crossover: Dynamical mean field theory and numerical renormalization group study of the Holstein model in infinite dimensions

We investigate the dynamical effects of pairing interaction on superconductivity in BCS-BEC crossover by studying the Holstein model at half-filling where the electron-phonon coupling $g$ controls the crossover. The dynamical mean-field theory was employed in combination with the numerical renormalization group technique. The dynamical effects induce distinct features such as absenceof the dispersion back-bending of Bogoliubov quasi-particles, non-monotonous coupling dependence of the pairing gap, and the soft phonon spectrum due to the Goldstone mode of local pair phase fluctuations. Also interesting is the maximum critical temperature being at the normal state phase boundary. Some of these features have intriguing similarities with the recent observations in the FeSe$_{1-x}$S$_x$ and Fe$_{1+y}$Se$_x$Te$_{1-x}$ iron-chalcogenides in the BCS-BEC crossover.
A temporal relational algebra based on multiple time-lines

A clocked temporal relational algebra, called /spl Rfr/, which supports temporal relations based on multiple time-lines is proposed. Temporal relations are defined over clocks which are subsequences of an assumed global time-line. The algebra is a consistent extension of the relational algebra, and it includes a number of temporal operators to combine data based on different time-lines. The meaning of an operation of /spl Rfr/ depends on the clocks of the relations involved in the operation as well as the relations. We outline a formal interpretation of expressions of /spl Rfr/, and sketch a naive expression evaluation method.
Fault-Estimation-Based Output-Feedback Adaptive FTC for Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Actuator Faults

This paper investigates the adaptive output-feedback fault-tolerant control (FTC) problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear pure-feedback systems subject to actuator faults. To address the challenges incurred by the actuator faults and unmeasured state, a novel fault compensation observer-based adaptive controller is designed by estimating fault parameters online. By combining the backstepping design framework with prescribed performance and command filters techniques, it is proved that the proposed FTC scheme guarantees that all the signals in the closed-loop system are bounded and that the tracking error remains within the predefined bounds even if actuator faults occur. Compared with the existing output-feedback FTC design methods, the compensation state observer removes the restriction that the fault parameters are known or the uncontrollability caused by input saturation. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Breaking with tradition: Using the conference paper as a case for alternative assessment in physics

This paper will provide an overview of an alternative model for assessment of student learning in introductory physics. A synopsis of how assessment methods can be designed to better capture what students are actually learning will be shared. This synopsis will include a general discussion of assessment, assessment methods, and the “language of assessment. ” Following this synopsis one model of non-traditional assessment will be highlighted. The assessment model described makes use of student writing as a mechanism for assessment of learning. A second-level physics course entitled Physics for a New Millennium (PNM) at American University provides the setting for this work. Following a description of the course curriculum, the specific structure for the writing activity will be outlined as it relates to the learning outcomes for the course. Following the presentation of the course-specific learning outcomes, a description of the strategies used to uncover student learning will be shared. These strategies provide an opportunity for multiple assessment “snapshots” to be made throughout various phases of the learning process. These strategies can be used as an alternative, or as a supplement to more traditional pencil and paper examinations, quizzes, and homework assignments. Whether used as a stand-alone assessment tool or coupled with more traditional measures, alternative assessment strategies can provide an enhanced and more realistic way to capture what students are actually learning.
Performance and complexity joint optimization for H.264 video coding

This paper proposes a video coding optimization approach for those real-time visual communication applications with performance and complexity tradeoff based on the coming H.264 video coding standard, which has a very high performance with high coding complexity. In H.264, the better coding performance is achieved at the cost of complexity, and it is too complex to be applied widely. With the performance and complexity joint optimization method of this paper, the modules are optimized respectively in the order of their computation proportion. Adaptive hexagon-based search (AHBS) and memory motion compensation (MMC) are proposed for encoder and decoder. AHBS is about 40 times faster than full search, and a little faster than diamond search. However AHBS achieves the best coding performance: 0.4dB improvement in low motion sequences, and 0.2dB improvement in high motion sequences compared with full search. The decoding process is accelerated up to 5 times totally with proposed MMC and other optimized techniques. Therefore the efficiency of codec system is improved greatly. Optimized video codec can be used in uni-casting and broadcasting streaming applications with limited computation resource in those embedded movable devices.
High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Sensing in Seawater Based on a Microfiber Directional Coupler

A simple, high-sensitivity, and low-cost optical sensor for the measurement of temperature and salinity in seawater is demonstrated based on a microfiber directional coupler. The shifts of sensing dips are highly sensitive to the change of salinity and temperature in seawater with highest sensitivities at 930 pm/% and -160 pm/°C for coupler assembled by 3.79and 2.20-μm-diameter fibers. The temperature sensitivity can be further improved to -1130 pm/°C for smaller fibers with diameters of 3.50 and 1.35 μm. To keep the stable structure in liquid, a methodology of coating using ethyl cellulose ethoce film is proposed. By ethyl cellulose ethoce solvent coating on the coupling area, the coupler can be operated stably in seawater. The sensor demonstrated here is easy to construct, is low cost, is high sensitivity, and is compatible with the optical fiber system, which may find applications in developing miniature and multifunction optical sensors used in seawater and other liquid surroundings.
Maintenance of photosynthesis at low leaf water potential in wheat : role of potassium status and irrigation history.

The interaction of low water potential effects on photosynthesis, and leaf K(+) levels in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants was studied. Plants were grown at three K(+) fertilization levels; 0.2, 2, and 6 millimolar. With well watered plants, 2 millimolar K(+) supported maximal photosynthetic rates; 0.2 millimolar K(+) was inhibitory, and 6 millimolar K(+) was superoptimal (i.e. rates were no greater than at 2 millimolar K(+)). Photosynthesis was monitored at high (930 parts per million) and low (330 parts per million) external CO(2) throughout a series of water stress cycles. Plants subjected to one stress cycle were considered nonacclimated; plants subjected to two successive cycles were considered acclimated during the second cycle. Sensitivity of photosynthesis to declining leaf water potential was affected by K(+) status; 6 millimolar K(+) plants were less sensitive, and 0.2 millimolar K(+) plants were more sensitive than 2 millimolar K(+) plants to declining water potential. This occurred with nonacclimated and acclimated plants at both high and low assay CO(2). It was concluded that the K(+) effect on photosynthesis under stress was not mediated by treatment effects on stomatal resistance. Differences between the K(+) treatments were much less pronounced, however, when photosynthesis of nonacclimated and acclimated plants was plotted at a function of declining relative water content during the stress cycles. These results suggest that K(+) effects on the relationship between relative water content and water potential in stressed plants was primarily responsible for the bulk of the K(+)-protective effect on photosynthesis in stressed plants. In vitro experiments with chloroplasts and protoplasts isolated from 2 millimolar K(+) and 6 millimolar K(+) plants indicated that upon dehydration, K(+) efflux from the chloroplast stroma into the cytoplasm is less pronounced in 6 millimolar K(+) protoplasts.
Association of Anxiety With Resistance Vessel Dysfunction in Human Atherosclerosis

Objective Anxiety predicts cardiovascular events, although the mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesized that anxiety symptoms will correlate with impaired resistance and conduit vessel function in participants aged 55 to 90 years. Methods Anxiety symptoms were measured with the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised in 89 participants with clinically diagnosed atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and 54 healthy control participants. Vascular function in conduit arteries was measured using flow-mediated dilatation, and vascular function in forearm resistance vessels (FRVs) was measured using intra-arterial drug administration and plethysmography. Results Anxiety symptoms were not associated with flow-mediated dilatation in either group. Participants with atherosclerosis exhibited significant inverse associations of anxiety symptoms with FRV dilatation (acetylcholine: &bgr; = −.302, p = .004). Adjustment for medication, risk factors, and depression symptoms did not alter the association between anxiety and FRV dysfunction, except for body mass index (BMI; anxiety: &bgr; = −.175, p = .060; BMI: &bgr; = −.494, p < .001). Although BMI was more strongly associated with FRV function than anxiety, combined BMI and anxiety accounted for greater variance in FRV function than either separately. Control participants showed no association of anxiety with FRV function. Conclusions Anxiety is uniquely and substantially related to poorer resistance vessel function (both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle functions) in individuals with atherosclerosis. These relationships are independent of medication, depression, and cardiovascular risk factors, with the exception of BMI. These findings support the concept that anxiety potentially increases vascular events through worsening of vascular function in atherosclerotic disease.
Ultrastructural Characteristics of Spermiogenesis in the Domestic Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

In this present study was observed that the spermatids underwent morphological differentiation and modifications, which primarily comprised nuclear elongation, during the process of spermiogenesis in the domestic duck. The acrosome was formed and the flagellum developed concomitantly with nuclear modifications. Thus, various modifications could be observed during this process, especially changes in the distribution of cytoplasmic organelles. Long cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum present in the spermatid cytoplasm dissociated into vesicles and the distal centriole initiated the development of the flagellum in the cellular portion opposite to the acrosome. The ultrastructure of the spermatids of the domestic duck did not show the characteristic development of pre‐acrosomal granules, but the acrosomal granule could be directly visualized in this species.
Epigenetic regulation of hTERT 1 Epigenetic suppression of human telomerase ( hTERT ) is mediated by the metastasis suppressor NME 2 in a G-quadruplex – dependent fashion

Current address: AS National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, Uttarpradesh – 201301, India. VS Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India. AK Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 275997295, USA. VD University of Greifswald, Dept of Functional Genomics, Domstraße 11, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
Dimensioning and Characterization of a New Magnetic Induction Tomography Experimental Setup

Magnetic Induction Tomography (MIT) is an imaging technique for passive electrical properties used in industrial and biological imaging. In the case of biological purposes, high resolution measures of the magnetic field induced in the body and the ability to acquire data at several points along its border with several incident field angles are two major technological objectives of MIT. This paper presents a new prototype that allows moving sensing coils and the body in analysis. Its characterization and dimensioning are presented along with preliminary acquisitions results, benchmarking some of the known cancelation techniques for a moving prototype.
Extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis in conventional and integrated aqueous two-phase systems

Crude C-phycocyanin extracts from Spirulina platensis, with and without cell debris, were purified in aqueous two-phase systems ( ATPS) varying the molar mass of the PEG, at pH 6, more promising than at pH 7 . For the assays carried out with each molar mass, with distinct percentages of PEG and salt, the concentrations (mg mL-1), purities (OD 620/OD 280) and C-phycocyanin partition coefficients of each system were determined and compared. The process for the primary purification of intracellular C-phycocyanin with cell debris (integrated), composed of 15% of PEG 1500 and 13% of potassium phosphate and 5% of PEG 4000 and 18% of salt, produced C-phycocyanin concentrations of, respectively, 1.60 and 2.67 mg mL-1 in the top phase. The purities were of 0.73 and 0.79 respectively, values higher than those obtained in the systems without cells.
Local regulation of macrophage subsets in the adult rat testis: examination of the roles of the seminiferous tubules, testosterone, and macrophage-migration inhibitory factor.

In the adult rat testis, macrophages belong to one of two subsets differentiated by expression or lack of expression of the resident macrophage surface antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody ED2. Local regulation of the testicular macrophage subsets was investigated in normal and 4-wk experimentally cryptorchid adult rats with and without s.c. testosterone implants (T-implants). Macrophage subsets ED2(+) (resident-type) and ED2(-) (monocyte-like) were identified immunohistochemically and counted in perfusion-fixed frozen testis sections. Depletion of the spermatogenic cells by cryptorchidism had no effect on testicular macrophage numbers. Inhibition of Leydig cell and seminiferous tubule function by low-dose (3 cm) T-implants caused a 40% reduction in ED2(+) resident macrophages in both scrotal and abdominal testes. High-dose (24 cm) T-implants, which inhibit Leydig cell function while maintaining normal seminiferous tubule function, also reduced the number of resident macrophages by approximately 40%, although this reduction was at least partially prevented in the abdominal testes. In the scrotal testis only, the ED2(-) monocyte/macrophage subset was significantly reduced in number by low-dose, but not high-dose, T-implants. The concentration of the Leydig cell-secreted cytokine macrophage-migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in testicular fluid was reduced by cryptorchidism, but not by the T-implants. When data from all experimental groups were combined, ED2(+) resident macrophage numbers showed a significant positive correlation with parameters of Leydig cell function (serum LH and testicular testosterone levels) but a negative correlation with MIF levels. This study indicates that Leydig cells regulate testicular macrophage numbers directly, rather than via an effect upon the seminiferous epithelium, in the adult rat testis. The data also suggest that testosterone and MIF play only a minor role, if any, in this regulation.