Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Source traffic model and its transient analysis for network control

Traffic measurements from communication networks have shown that network traffic is quite complex, exhibiting phenomena such as long-tail probability distributions, long-range dependence and self similarity. Thus, in order to design and control new communication networks, we are motivated to consider new source traffic models and new ways to analyze network performance when there are many independent sources each with traffic that can be described by such models. We present a candidate source traffic model: The required bandwidth (arrival rate) as a function of time for each source is represented as the sum of two stochastic processes: (1) a macroscopic (longer-time-scale) level process and (2) a microscopic (shorter-time-scale) within-level variation process. We let the level process be a finite-state semi-Markov process (SMP), allowing general (possibly long-tail) level holding-time distributions, and we let the within-level variation process be a zero-mean piecewise-stationary process. To cope with the added model complexity, we suggest making design and control decisions based on the likelihood that aggregate demand (the input rate from a set of sources) will exceed capacity (the maximum possible output rate). This approach to model analysis avoids the customary queueing detail (focus on buffer content and overflow). We propose using transient analysis for control, conditioning on the level and elapsed level holding time of each source. In doing so, we exploit asymptotics associated with multiplexing a large number of sources.
Laser Cladding of Embedded Sensors for Thermal Barrier Coating Applications

The accurate real-time monitoring of surface or internal temperatures of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in hostile environments presents significant benefits to the efficient and safe operation of gas turbines. A new method for fabricating high-temperature K-type thermocouple sensors on gas turbine engines using coaxial laser cladding technology has been developed. The deposition of the thermocouple sensors was optimized to provide minimal intrusive features to the TBC, which is beneficial for the operational reliability of the protective coatings. Notably, this avoids a melt pool on the TBC surface. Sensors were deposited onto standard yttria-stabilized zirconia (7–8 wt % YSZ) coated substrates; subsequently, they were embedded with second YSZ layers by the Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS) process. Morphology of cladded thermocouples before and after embedding was optimized in terms of topography and internal homogeneity, respectively. The dimensions of the cladded thermocouple were in the order of 200 microns in thickness and width. The thermal and electrical response of the cladded thermocouple was tested before and after embedding in temperatures ranging from ambient to approximately 450 °C in a furnace. Seebeck coefficients of bared and embedded thermocouples were also calculated correspondingly, and the results were compared to that of a commercial standard K-type thermocouple, which demonstrates that laser cladding is a prospective technology for manufacturing microsensors on the surface of or even embedded into functional coatings.
Sustained Cardioprotection Afforded by A2A Adenosine Receptor Stimulation After 72 Hours of Myocardial Reperfusion

This study was designed to determine whether cardioprotection afforded by A2A adenosine receptor stimulation can be sustained and to determine the effect of an A2A adenosine receptor agonist on Akt and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) activation, as well as Hsp27 and Hsp70 protein expression in such events. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 40 minutes in anesthetized rats followed by 72 hours of reperfusion. A2A agonist (CGS21680 at 0.2 μg/kg/min) was administered for 120 minutes, starting either 5 minutes before (early) or after (late) the beginning of reperfusion. Infarct size was reduced significantly in the early compared with the control group (35.2 ± 1.9% and 52.5 ± 3.4%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas no difference was observed with the late group (44.5 ± 7.1%). After 72 hours of reperfusion, drug administration was accompanied by Akt activation (early, 121.8 ± 17.6%; late, 118.1 ± 16.4%; P < 0.05), as well as elevated Hsp27 expression (early, 197.2 ± 27.7%; late, 203.8 ± 36.8%; P < 0.05); CREB activation and Hsp70 expression were not altered. In another set of experiments in which reperfusion was limited to 15 minutes, Akt was activated only in the early group (121.8 ± 17.6%; P < 0.05). Moreover, CREB was activated in both the early and late groups (98.4 ± 8.3% and 107.0 ± 6.5%, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas Hsp27 and Hsp70 expression were not altered. These results demonstrate that A2A adenosine receptor activation induces a sustained cardioprotection only if the therapy is instituted before reperfusion. This myocardial protection is associated by an early prosurvival Akt activation. CREB activation and Hsp27 content do not seem to be associated with cardioprotection because they are enhanced in both treated groups, suggesting indirect A2A agonist and pathology-related effects.
Parallel Random Apollonian Networks

We present and study in this paper a simple algorithm that produces so called growing Parallel Random Apollonian Networks (P-RAN) in any dimension d. Analytical derivations show that these networks still exhibit small-word and scale-free characteristics. To characterize further the structure of P-RAN, we introduce new parameters that we refer to as the parallel degree and the parallel coefficient, that determine locally and in average the number of vertices inside the (d+1)-cliques composing the network. We provide analytical derivations for the computation of the degree and parallel degree distributions, parallel and clustering coefficients. We give an upper bound for the average path lengths for P-RAN and finally show that our derivations are in very good agreement with our simulations.
Measurement of surface parameters of three-dimensional braided composite preform based on curvature scale space corner detector

Surface braiding angle and pitch length are two important parameters for characterizing and evaluating the performance of three-dimensional braided composite preforms. In this paper a new method based on an improved curvature scale space corner detector with adaptive threshold is proposed for measuring these parameters, with applications to three-dimensional, four-directional carbon-fiber braided composite preforms. First, the original image is acquired using a system employing ‘dome light source + CCD camera + circular polarizing filter’. Second, the original image is processed using Lab transform and BM3D (block-matching and 3D filter). Third, the corners are detected using an improved curvature scale space corner detector with adaptive threshold. Finally, the pitch lengths and surface braiding angles are measured from the detected corners. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve automatic measurement of the pitch length and surface braiding angle with smaller average errors relative to manual measurements compared with alternative schemes.
Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy and Childhood Bone Mass: A Longitudinal Study

Maternal nutrition is a potentially important determinant of intrauterine skeletal development. Previous studies have examined the effects of individual nutrients, but the pattern of food consumption may be of greater relevance. We therefore examined the relationship between maternal dietary pattern during pregnancy and bone mass of the offspring at 9 yr of age. We studied 198 pregnant women 17–43 yr of age and their offspring at 9 yr of age. Dietary pattern was assessed using principal component analysis from a validated food frequency questionnaire. The offspring underwent measurements of bone mass using DXA at 9 yr of age. A high prudent diet score was characterized by elevated intakes of fruit, vegetables, and wholemeal bread, rice, and pasta and low intakes of processed foods. Higher prudent diet score in late pregnancy was associated with greater (p < 0.001) whole body and lumbar spine BMC and areal BMD in the offspring, after adjustment for sex, socioeconomic status, height, arm circumference, maternal smoking, and vitamin D status. Associations with prudent diet score in early pregnancy were weaker and nonsignificant. We conclude that dietary patterns consistent with current advice for healthy eating during pregnancy are associated with greater bone size and BMD in the offspring at 9 yr of age.
Running Head : AN CLIENTS ’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR THERAPIST ’ S BODY

Although people with an eating disorder are known to observe and assess body related stimuli, research has yet to explore these behaviors in the therapy room. Consequently, practitioners do not know if their body is having an impact on their client or the therapy process. This lack of knowledge is problematic given the poor recovery rates and high levels of drop out in eating disorders treatment. Using semi-structured interviews this study investigated the beliefs and experiences of 11 women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa with a history of restricting who had received counseling from a female therapist. Results derived from a thematic analysis suggested that the women not only observed, speculated and made assumptions about their therapist’s body but also that their assumptions and speculations had the potential to influence both their beliefs about the therapist’s ability to help them, and their willingness to engage in therapy.
Middleware-based system support for proactive adaptation in pervasive environments

Pervasive computing applications can adjust their behavior to a multitude of information deemed to be relevant for their situation, their so-called context. Thus far, however, adaptation in such context-aware systems is reactive and limited to the application itself. These restrictions inevitably delay adjustments to events. They cause frequent reconfigurations, and may result in inferior overall system configurations. In this paper, we present our work in progress on middleware-based system support for proactive adaptation. It offers context information, prediction, and influence via a uniform abstraction, update notifications for subscribed context or predictions, and an application model to determine adaptation alternatives.
Nonlinear Dynamic Model of PMBLDC Motor Considering Core Losses

The phase variable model is used commonly when simulating a motor drive system with a three-phase permanent magnet brushless dc (PMBLDC) motor. The phase variable model neglects core losses and this affects its accuracy when modeling fractional-slot machines. The inaccuracy of phase variable model of fractional-slot machines can be attributed to considerable armature flux harmonics, which causes an increased core loss. This study proposes a nonlinear phase variable model of PMBLDC motor that considers the core losses induced in the stator and the rotor. The core-loss model is developed based on the detailed analysis of the flux path and the variation of flux in different components of the machine. A prototype of fractional slot axial flux PMBLDC in-wheel motor is used to assess the proposed nonlinear dynamic model.
Mobile Spatial Information Location Algorithm

In view of the multidimensional and enormous for spatial data, this paper provided a new based on the mobile oriented spatial information location algorithm. The algorithm used quadtree theory has nothing to do with a specific space to operate object excluded, so that the spatial location of the operation be able to fast access to the operation object, improve the spatial location operational efficiency. Finally, application examples were given out to prove this design model's feasibility, and the contrast between the existing Web location algorithm and based the Quadtree theory location algorithm also validated that the latter was more efficient and faster for spatial location.
Sampling frames, Bayesian inference and inductive reasoning

We outline and test a Bayesian model of the effects of evidence sampling on property induction. Our model assumes that people are sensitive to the effects of different sampling frames applied to sampled evidence. Two studies tested the model by comparing property generalization following exposure to samples selected because they belong to the same taxonomic category or because they share a salient property. Both studies found that category-based sampling led to broader generalization than property-based sampling. In line with model predictions, these differences were attenuated when a mixture of positive and negative evidence was presented (Experiment 1) and when category-property relations were probabilistic rather than deterministic (Experiment 2).
Development of a novel pink-eyed dilution mouse model showing progressive darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging

Oca2p-cas (oculocutaneous albinism II; pink-eyed dilution castaneus) is a coat color mutant gene on mouse chromosome 7 that arose spontaneously in wild Mus musculus castaneus mice. Mice homozygous for Oca2p-cas usually exhibit pink eyes and gray coat hair on the non-agouti genetic background, and this ordinary phenotype remains unchanged throughout life. During breeding of a mixed strain carrying this gene on the C57BL/6J background, we discovered a novel spontaneous mutation that causes darkening of the eyes and coat hair with aging. In this study, we developed a novel mouse model showing this unique phenotype. Gross observations revealed that the pink eyes and gray coat hair of the novel mutant young mice became progressively darker in color by approximately 3 months after birth. Light and transmission-electron microscopic observations revealed a marked increase in melanin pigmentation of coat hair shafts and choroid of the eye in the novel mice compared to that in the ordinary mice. Sequence analysis of Oca2p-cas revealed a 4.1-kb deletion involving exons 15 and 16 of its wild-type gene. However, there was no sequence difference between the two types of mutant mice. Mating experiments suggested that the novel mutant phenotype was not inherited in a simple fashion, due to incomplete penetrance. The novel spontaneous mutant mouse is the first example of progressive hair darkening animals and is an essential animal model for understanding of the regulation mechanisms of melanin biosynthesis with aging.
Variable major proteins of Borrelia hermsii. Epitope mapping and partial sequence analysis of CNBr peptides

The variable major proteins (VMP) of serotypes 7 and 21 of the relapsing fever agent Borrelia hermsii were isolated by detergent extraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) digestion of the isolated VMP yielded two peptides of apparent molecular weights 20,000 (20 K) and 16 K from VMP7, and three peptides of 14.5, 14, and 7 K mol wt from VMP21. Serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies bound in Western blots to one of each of the two or three CNBr fragments from the homologous VMP. A single monoclonal antibody bound to the whole cells, the isolated VMP, and a CNBr fragment of both serotype 7 and serotype 21. (This crossreactive antibody did not, however, bind to any of four other serotypes examined.) Regional conservation of structure between VMP7 and VMP21 was also shown by amino acid sequence analysis of the N-termini of the five CNBr fragments. One pair of aligned fragments from VMP7 and VMP21 had 80% amino acid homology in sequence; a second pair had 40% homology. The partial amino acid homologies between two VMP suggest that these proteins are products of members of a polygene family.
The Functional RNA Database 3.0: databases to support mining and annotation of functional RNAs

We developed a pair of databases that support two important tasks: annotation of anonymous RNA transcripts and discovery of novel non-coding RNAs. The database combo is called the Functional RNA Database and consists of two databases: a rewrite of the original version of the Functional RNA Database (fRNAdb) and the latest version of the UCSC GenomeBrowser for Functional RNA. The former is a sequence database equipped with a powerful search function and hosts a large collection of known/predicted non-coding RNA sequences acquired from existing databases as well as novel/predicted sequences reported by researchers of the Functional RNA Project. The latter is a UCSC Genome Browser mirror with large additional custom tracks specifically associated with non-coding elements. It also includes several functional enhancements such as a presentation of a common secondary structure prediction at any given genomic window ⩽500 bp. Our GenomeBrowser supports user authentication and user-specific tracks. The current version of the fRNAdb is a complete rewrite of the former version, hosting a larger number of sequences and with a much friendlier interface. The current version of UCSC GenomeBrowser for Functional RNA features a larger number of tracks and richer features than the former version. The databases are available at http://www.ncrna. org/.
Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Floating Tablets of Losartan Potassium.

The oral route currently represents the most predominant and preferable route of drug delivery. Unlike majority of parenteral dosage forms, it allows ease of administration by the patient and it’s the natural, and therefore a highly convenient way for substances to be introduced into the human body. Oral drug delivery systems have progressed from conventional immediate release to site-specific delivery over a period of time. Every patient would always like to have an ideal drug delivery system possessing the two main properties that are single dose or less frequent dosing for the whole duration of treatment and the dosage form must release active drug directly at the site of action. The preformulation parameters like organoleptic properties, angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Hausner’s ratio, carr’s index and compressibility index of pure drug was evaluvated and complied with the pharmacopoeial specifications.  FTIR studies showed there was no interaction between drug and polymer.  Gastro retentive floating matrix tablets of Losartan potassium were successfully prepared with hydrophilic polymers like HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M. ,HPMC 100M. The formulated batches were evaluated for physicochemical parameters, floating properties and dissolution profiles. From the evaluation results, it was observed that the tablets contain the higher viscosity HPMC showed long floating lag time when compared to tablets prepared with lower viscosity HPMC. The physical properties like hardness, weight variation and friability of majority of the batches complied with the pharmacopoeial specifications. The drug content of all tablets was in the range of 95 – 100%.  In vitro dissolution study of all the formulations was done in 0.1 N HCL. The release rate was faster with lower viscosity grades of HPMC, probably owing to less polymer entanglement and less gel strength and also to the larger effective molecular diffusion area at lower viscosity as compared with higher viscosity grades of HPMC. The tablets containing HPMC K4M (F2) showed satisfactory results with short floating lag time (68 sec) total buoyancy time more than 12 h, cumulative % drug release (99.33) and controlled drug release up to 12 h. So F2 was taken for kinetic studies.  The kinetic studies were carried for formulation F2 showed high regression value of 0.9877 for zero order, 0.981 for Higuchi order (conforms non- Fickian sustained release) and N value greater than 5 (conforms diffusion controlled) with complete release in 12 hrs made it to select as an optimized formulation compared with other formulations. The accelerated stability was carried for F2 formulation and shown no much change in physical parameters and cumulative % drug release. Hence formulation F2 conformed as stable. Hence it was concluded that formulation F2 choosen as optimum formulation. However In vivo studies and development of suitable packaging material are made for future continuation of this experimental work.
Photoacoustic and acousto-optic tomography for quantitative and functional imaging

Optical absorption contrast, large imaging depth at ultrasonic resolution, and the potential of functional/quantitative imaging are the features driving the rapid development of photoacoustic (PA) imaging. For quantitative and functional PA imaging, the fluence distribution is required to transform a PA image to a map of absorption coefficients. A suitable method to estimate the fluence for in vivo applications must not require a priori knowledge of the medium optical properties, should work for various illumination conditions, and must be applicable to different PA imaging geometries. Existing methods of estimating fluence in tissue do not meet these requirements simultaneously. Here we present a method to measure the fluence distribution in tissue using acousto-optics (AO) that meets all the above requirements. We developed a PA and AO tomography system for small-animal imaging to investigate the potential and the feasibility of fluence-corrected PA imaging using our method in a single instrument. We performed experiments on phantoms, an ex vivo tissue sample, and freshly sacrificed mice. We demonstrate that the correction for spatial and spectral fluence variations in PA images establishes the direct relation between image value and optical absorption, which in turns improves the quantitative estimation of blood oxygen saturation.
Bilingual-LSA Based LM Adaptation for Spoken Language Translation

We propose a novel approach to crosslingual language model (LM) adaptation based on bilingual Latent Semantic Analysis (bLSA). A bLSA model is introduced which enables latent topic distributions to be efficiently transferred across languages by enforcing a one-to-one topic correspondence during training. Using the proposed bLSA framework crosslingual LM adaptation can be performed by, first, inferring the topic posterior distribution of the source text and then applying the inferred distribution to the target language N-gram LM via marginal adaptation. The proposed framework also enables rapid bootstrapping of LSA models for new languages based on a source LSA model from another language. On Chinese to English speech and text translation the proposed bLSA framework successfully reduced word perplexity of the English LM by over 27% for a unigram LM and up to 13.6% for a 4-gram LM. Furthermore, the proposed approach consistently improved machine translation quality on both speech and text based adaptation.
Test pattern generation for multiple stuck-at faults

A new method to generate test patterns for multiple stuck-at faults in combinational circuits is presented. All multiple faults of any multiplicity are assumed present in the circuit and one does not have to resort to their explicit enumeration: the target fault is a single component of possibly several multiple faults. The authors try to generate test conditions that propagate the effect of the target fault to primary outputs regardless the effects of other faults which might be present in the circuit. When these conditions are fulfilled, the input vector is a test for the target fault and for all multiple faults containing the target fault as component. The method used a branch-and-bound technique and includes several heuristics to enhance the performance and fault detection. Experiments performed on the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits show that high fault coverage can be obtained at a reasonable increase in cost. <<ETX>>