Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving MLC PCM Performance through Relaxed Write and Read for Intermediate Resistance Levels

Phase Change Memory (PCM) is one of the most promising candidates to be used at the main memory level of the memory hierarchy due to poor scalability, considerable leakage power, and high cost/bit of DRAM. PCM is a new resistive memory that is capable of storing data based on resistance values. The wide resistance range of PCM allows for storing multiple bits per cell (MLC) rather than a single bit per cell (SLC). Unfortunately, higher density of MLC PCM comes at the expense of longer read/write latency, higher soft error rate, higher energy consumption, and earlier wearout compared to the SLC PCM. Some studies suggest removing the most error-prone level to mitigate soft error and write latency of MLC PCM, hence introducing a less dense memory called Tri-Level memory. Another scheme, called M-Metric, proposes a new read metric to address the soft error problem in MLC PCM. In order to deal with the limited lifetime of PCM, some extra storage per memory line is required to correct permanent hard errors (stuck-at faults). Since the extra storage is used only when permanent faults occur, it has a low utilization for a long time before hard errors start to occur. In this article, we utilize the extra storage to improve the read/write latency in a 2-bit MLC PCM using a relaxation scheme for reading and writing the cells for intermediate resistance levels. More specifically, we combine the most time-consuming levels (intermediate resistance levels) to reduce the number of resistance levels (making a Tri-Level PCM) and therefore improve write latency. We then store some error correction metadata in the extra storage section to successfully retrieve the exact data values in the read operation. We also modify the Tri-Level PCM cell to increase its read latency when the M-Metric scheme is used. Evaluation results show that the proposed scheme improves read latency by 57.2%, write latency by 56.1%, and overall system performance (IPC) by 26.9% over the baseline. It is noteworthy that combining the proposed scheme and FPC compression method improves read latency by 75.2%, write latency by 67%, and overall system performance (IPC) by 37.4%.
建 筑 经 济 Discussion on Establishment and Operation of PPP Industry Fund under New Urbanization

PPP industry fund could bridge the gap between investment need and supply in new urbanization process,facilitating the urbanization with capital and management experience. Based on analysis of PPP project financing status in China,this paper analyzes the significance of setting up the PPP industry fund. Through analysis and comparison of the characteristics of PPP project financing and general operational mode of industry fund,discusses some critical issues concerning PPP industry fund,including establishment form,fund raising object,investment object,exit mechanism,operation mode of PPP industry fund,which is useful in promoting PPP application in China.
Effective thermal conductivity of composites filled with different shape particles

Based on the laws of the minimal thermal resistance and the specific effective thermal conductivity,this paper predicts the effective thermal conductivity of composites filled with different shape particles.When the particle shape is equivalent to the cube which used character length of particle in the direction of heat transfer as edge length,the dimensionless relative character length is amended using the volume ratio of the cube and factual particle as shape factor.Based on the shape factor,universal expression of the effective thermal conductivity is developed,which is adaptive to the composites filled with different shape particles and its volume fraction is medium and lower.The calculation results of the universal expression accord well with that of experiments and other models,the effective thermal conductivity increases in direct proportion to shape factors for heat conduction enhanced composites when volume fraction is invariable,and the thermal conductivity of composites can be enhanced by increasing the dimension of particle in heat transfer direction.
RiMOM results for OAEI 2010

This paper presents the results of RiMOM in the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) 2010. We participate in three tracks of the campaign: Benchmark, IM@OAEI2010 (IMEI), and Very Large Crosslingual Resources (VLCR). We first describe the basic alignment process and alignment strategies in RiMOM, and then we present specific techniques used for different tracks. At last we give some comments on our results and discuss some future work on RiMOM.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to Build a Comma Checker for Basque

In this paper, we describe the research using machine learning techniques to build a comma checker to be integrated in a grammar checker for Basque. After several experiments, and trained with a little corpus of 100,000 words, the system guesses correctly not placing commas with a precision of 96% and a recall of 98%. It also gets a precision of 70% and a recall of 49% in the task of placing commas. Finally, we have shown that these results can be improved using a bigger and a more homogeneous corpus to train, that is, a bigger corpus written by one unique author.
WiG: WiFi-Based Gesture Recognition System

Most recently, gesture recognition has increasingly attracted intense academic and industrial interest due to its various applications in daily life, such as home automation, mobile games. Present approaches for gesture recognition, mainly including vision-based, sensor-based and RF-based, all have certain limitations which hinder their practical use in some scenarios. For example, the vision-based approaches fail to work well in poor light conditions and the sensor-based ones require users to wear devices. To address these, we propose WiG in this paper, a device-free gesture recognition system based solely on Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) WiFi infrastructures and devices. Compared with existing Radio Frequency (RF)-based systems, WiG stands out for its systematic simplicity, extremely low cost and high practicability. We implemented WiG in indoor environment and conducted experiments to evaluate its performance in two typical scenarios. The results demonstrate that WiG can achieve an average recognition accuracy of 92% in line-of-sight scenario and average accuracy of 88% in the none-line-of sight scenario.
Analysis of Perfect Sampling Methods for Hard-sphere Models

We consider the problem of generating perfect samples from a Gibbs point process, a spatial process that is absolutely continuous w.r. t. a Poisson point process. Examples include area-interaction processes, hard-sphere models and Strauss processes. Traditionally, this is addressed using coupling from the past (CFTP) based methods. We consider acceptance-rejection methods that, unlike the common CFTP methods, do not have the impatient-user bias. Our key contribution is a novel importance sampling based acceptance- rejection methodology for generating perfect samples from Gibbs point processes. We focus on a simpler setting of hard-sphere models in a d-dimensional hypercube that we analyze in an asymptotic regime where the number of spheres generated increases to infinity while the sphere radius decreases to zero at varying rates.
Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus DNA aptamer by enzyme‐linked aptamer assay and isothermal titration calorimetry

To monitor the specificity of Staphylococcus aureus aptamer (SA‐31) against its target cell, we used enzyme‐linked aptamer assay. In the presence of target cell, horseradish peroxidase–conjugated streptavidin bound to biotin‐labeled SA‐31 showed specific binding to S aureus among 3 different bacteria with limit of detection of 103 colony‐forming unit per milliliter. The apparent Ka was 1.39 μM−1 ± 0.3 μM−1. The binding of SA‐31 to membrane proteins extracted from cell surface was characterized using isothermal titration calorimetry, and the effect of changes in binding temperature and salt concentrations of binding buffer was evaluated based on thermodynamic parameters (Ka, ΔH, and ΔG). Since binding of aptamer to its targets solely depends on its 3‐dimensional structure under experimental conditions used in selection process, the change in temperature and ion concentration changed the affinity of SA‐31 to its target on surface of bacteria. At 4°C, SA‐31 did not show an affinity to its target with poor heat change upon injection of membrane fraction to aptamer solution. However, the apparent association constants of SA‐31 slightly varied from Ka = 1.56 μM−1 ± 0.69 μM−1 at 25°C to Ka = 1.03 μM−1 ± 0.9 μM−1 at 37°C. At spontaneously occurring exothermic binding reactions, affinities of S aureus aptamer to its target were also 9.44 μM−1 ± 0.38 μM−1 at 50mM, 1.60 μM−1 ± 0.11 μM−1 at 137mM, and 3.28 μM−1 ± 0.46 μM−1 at 200 mM of salt concentration. In this study, it was demonstrated that enzyme‐linked aptamer assay and isothermal titration calorimetry were useful tools for studying the fundamental binding mechanism between a DNA aptamer and its target on the outer surface of S aureus.
Monoclonal Antibody Protects Against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection by Enhancing Bacterial Clearance and Evading Sepsis

Background Extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most commonly encountered, highly resistant pathogens requiring novel therapeutic interventions. Methods We developed C8, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), by immunizing mice with sublethal inocula of a hypervirulent XDR clinical isolate. Results C8 targets capsular carbohydrate on the bacterial surface, enhancing opsonophagocytosis. Treating with a single dose of C8 as low as 0.5 μg/mouse (0.0167 mg/kg) markedly improved survival in lethal bacteremic sepsis and aspiration pneumonia models of XDR A. baumannii infection. C8 was also synergistic with colistin, substantially improving survival compared to monotherapy. Treatment with C8 significantly reduced blood bacterial density, cytokine production (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin [IL] 6, IL-1β, and IL-10), and sepsis biomarkers. Serial in vitro passaging of A. baumannii in the presence of C8 did not cause loss of mAb binding to the bacteria, but did result in emergence of less-virulent mutants that were more susceptible to macrophage uptake. Finally, we developed a highly humanized variant of C8 that retains opsonophagocytic activity in murine and human macrophages and rescued mice from lethal infection. Conclusions We describe a promising and novel mAb as therapy for lethal, XDR A. baumannii infections, and demonstrate that it synergistically improves outcomes in combination with antibiotics.
Dielectric Relaxation and Thermal Stability of Polycarbonate Doped with MnCl2 Salt

Polycarbonate (PC)/MnCl2 composites have been prepared in order to study the influence of MnCl2 salt on the dielectric properties (resistivity ρ, permittivity ε', dielectric loss ε '', dielectric relaxation time `τ' and dielectric relaxation process) and thermal stability of PC/MnCl2 composites. The dielectric study was carried out over a frequency range from 10 Hz to 306 kHz at room temperature as a function of frequency and salt concentration. Permittivity data was fitted in the frequency domain using Yan and Rhodes model in order to estimate the relaxation times for PC composites. As expected, the resistivity of the composites decreases with increasing of salt concentration and frequency. Also, it was found that, addition of MnCl2 salt to PC host changes the dielectric properties of PC, mainly, broadening dielectric spectra, increases permittivity and dielectric loss, shortening relaxation time and reduces thermal stability of PC and PC composites. Results reveal that the relaxation process of these composites is due to ionic conductivity relaxation with a single relaxation time and not due to viscoelastic relaxation, while in case of pure PC is due to viscoelastic relaxation.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Back Beliefs Questionnaire in Modern Standard Arabic

Abstract Purpose To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) into modern standard Arabic and examine its validity, acceptability and reliability in Arabic-speaking patients with low back pain (LBP). Method The BBQ was forward, back-translated and reviewed by an expert committee. Seventeen bilingual patients completed Arabic and English BBQs. LBP patients (n = 199) completed the Arabic BBQ. Sixty-four repeated it a week later, and 151 completed the Arabic Fear-avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). Results The expert committee followed advice from the developers to maintain Arabic equivalence of “back trouble(s)”. Patients found the questionnaire comprehensible and acceptable. Agreement between the English and Arabic versions of the BBQ was acceptable, ICC = 0.65 (0.25–0.86). Most item-by-item agreement ranged from fair to moderate (K = 0.12–0.54). Mean (SD) of BBQ, FABQ total, work and physical activity subscales were 25.31(6.13), 44.76(19.49), 21.17(10.10) and 13.95(6.65). The BBQ correlated with the FABQ at r = −0.33, work subscale r = −0.29 and physical activity r = −0.30 (all p < 0.01). Cronbach’s α = 0.73 indicated high internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was high, ICC = 0.80 (0.68–0.87). Item-by-item agreement ranged from fair to acceptable (K = 0.31–0.66). Conclusions The Arabic BBQ has good comprehensibility and acceptability, acceptable agreement with the English BBQ, high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. We recommend its use with Arabic-speaking LBP patient to determine their beliefs and attitudes about their back pain, as they have been shown to be important predictors of persistent LBP disability. Implications for Rehabilitation There are limited valid and reliable outcome measures for back pain in Arabic. The Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) is a tool that measures attitudes and beliefs about back pain. We recommend the use of our valid and reliable, translated and cross-culturally adapted tool with Arabic-speaking patients. The tool can measure attitudes and beliefs concerning the future consequences of LBP, with regards to recovery and return to work in this sample. Findings will improve back pain management options aimed at reducing back pain disability though challenging and modifying beliefs in the Middle East or with migrant populations in the West.
Curing of epoxy resins: A nanoscale view

Epoxy is undoubtedly one of the most successful matrix in the field of polymer composites. It attracts a lot of attention from researchers and industrials with the common objective to formulate a stiff, strong, and tough resin. Such goal can only be reached if the fundamental mechanisms which control the final properties of the resin are well understood and controlled. The nanoscale simulations techniques nowadays become effective approaches to complement high-tech experiments and offer an alternative route to understand the properties of complex systems. Among the various techniques developed over the past half-century, molecular dynamics has gained popularity thanks to both its simple principle and its efficiency in tackling versatile problems. However the key parameter of the simulation, the force field which models the interactions between the atoms, is traditionally classified as non-reactive, i.e. it cannot model the formation and disappearance of covalent bonds between functional chemical moieties. Modelling the curing process of an epoxy system remains therefore highly challenging. To circumvent this issue, the ReaxFF reactive force field is used for the first time to predict the reactivity of epoxy precursor and hardener molecules. It is capable of modelling non catalytic reactions between epoxide and amine groups as well as autocatalytic reactions between hydroxyl and amine groups. The formation of the 3D network is monitored by following either the number and mass of molecules or the number of reactive groups in the system. This original modelling work does not only mimic real systems but also gives a molecular view of the mechanisms which drive the curing process. This study is a first step toward the development of a multi-scale modelling framework aiming at giving a comprehensive view of the physical chemistry of nano engineered fiber reinforced composites.
Unsupervised Freeview Groupwise Cardiac Segmentation Using Synchronized Spectral Network

The diagnosis, comparative and population study of cardiac radiology data require heart segmentation on increasingly large amount of images from different modalities/chambers/patients under various imaging views. Most existing automatic cardiac segmentation methods are often limited to single image segmentation with regulated modality/region settings or well-cropped ROI areas, which is impossible for large datasets due to enormous device protocols and institutional differences. A pure data-driven unsupervised segmentation without regulated setting requirements is crucial in this scenario, and will significantly automate the manual work and adopt the various changes of modality, subject or view. In this paper, we propose a general unsupervised groupwise segmentation: a direct simultaneous segmentation for a group of multi-modality, multi-chamber, multi-subject ( M3) cardiac images from a freely chosen imaging view. The segmentation can directly perform not only on regulated two/four-chamber images, but also on non-regulated uncropped raw MR/CT scans. A new Synchronized Spectral Network (SSN) is developed for the simultaneous decomposing, synchronizing, and clustering the spectral features of free-view M3 cardiac images. The SSN-based groupwise analysis of image spectral bases immediately leads to groupwise segmentation of M3 freeview images. The segmentation is quantitatively evaluated by three datasets (MR and CT mixed) with more than 200 subjects. High dice metric ( ) is consistently achieved in validation. Our method provides a powerful tool for medical images under general imaging environment.
Automatic Query Image Disambiguation for Content-based Image Retrieval

Query images presented to content-based image retrieval systems often have various different interpretations, making it difficult to identify the search objective pursued by the user. We propose a technique for overcoming this ambiguity, while keeping the amount of required user interaction at a minimum. To achieve this, the neighborhood of the query image is divided into coherent clusters from which the user may choose the relevant ones. A novel feedback integration technique is then employed to re-rank the entire database with regard to both the user feedback and the original query. We evaluate our approach on the publicly available MIRFLICKR-25K dataset, where it leads to a relative improvement of average precision by 23% over the baseline retrieval, which does not distinguish between different image senses.
High-throughput synthesis and application development of water-stable MOFs

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous networks of metal-centers connect by organic ligands, which have potential for an array of applications including gas separations and storage, drug delivery, and molecular sensing. A multitude of structures are reported with specific pore geometries and functionalities, but MOFs are not currently implemented in consumer or industrial applications. Two major setbacks have hindered their transition to the applied level. 1) Many MOFs are not stable in the presence of ambient moisture. 2) Most syntheses are costly and take place under batch-style solvothermal conditions. This thesis addresses both of these setbacks and examines the performance potential of water-stable MOFs for selective gas adsorption. A representative set of MOFs are exposed to water, and structural effects are monitored from a before and after comparison to identify properties of water-stable MOFs. A novel continuous-flow MOF synthesis process is reported along with preliminary optimization experiments, which yield direct suggestions for future process improvements. Batch-style scale-up experiments are also conducted for three other MOFs, which provide insight into synthesis phenomena. Application specific results are reported for toxic chemical filtration and carbon dioxide removal from flue gas using MOFs. The thesis concludes by summarizing the experimental findings, discussing the application potential of specific MOFs, and recommending topics for future research projects. Pitfalls observed during this research are also directly discussed along with potential solutions.
Automatic Conversion of the Basque Dependency Treebank to Universal Dependencies

This work describes the process of automatically converting the Basque Dependency Treebank to Universal Dependencies (UD). Our objective is to develop a set of conversion rules that will automatically transform the original treebank to UD. Basque is a morphologically rich and agglutinative language, which presents different challenges for the conversion from the initial annotation scheme to UD. We will illustrate the steps pursued and the main difficulties we have encountered. As a main conclusion we can say that, although the Basque original treebank was in accord with many UD guidelines, the process was not trivial, converting around 80% of the tokens.
Single parabolic band behavior of thermoelectric p-type CuGaTe2

The existence of a noticeable discrepancy in thermoelectric properties reported in the literature motivates the current work on the transport properties of CuGaTe2. Taking Zn- and Mn-doping at the Ga site as an example, the hole concentration can be effectively tuned within 1018–1020 cm−3 that enables a reliable assessment of the transport properties. It is evident that both temperature and carrier concentration dependent transport properties follow well within the framework of a single parabolic band approximation with a dominant carrier scattering by acoustic phonons. This work helps distinguish the effects that contribute to the high thermoelectric figure of merit zT in CuGaTe2. The modeling further suggests that this compound can show a thermoelectric figure of merit of unity or higher, when further strategies are taken for reducing the lattice thermal conductivity and engineering the band structure.