Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-regulated learning: Bridging the gap between metacognitive and metamotivation theories

Winne's commentary article examined some theoretical and empirical studies not regularly cited in the literature of educational psychology. He attempted to identify existing gaps in the self-regulated learning (SRL) theory. Only a glimpse was offered of affective variables (self-referenced cognitions and affect) that influence SRL. Nevertheless, there is ample theoretical and empirical evidence that attest that SRL charges learners not only for metacognitive self-regulation but for metamotivational self-regulation as well. Consequently, a view that takes the motivated student as a starting point is a biased view. Educational psychologists should make their theories of SRL domain-specific and extend them to include affective variables, multiple goal monitoring, and multiple forms of self-regulation. These multiple forms of self-regulation ought to be made explicit educational goals when starting a new content domain.
The impact of enhanced projector display on the responses of people to a violent scenario in immersive virtual reality

This paper describes the impact of display resolution and luminance on the responses of participants in a behavioral study that used a projection-based Immersive Virtual Reality System. The scenario was a virtual bar where participants witnessed a violent attack of one person on another due to an argument about support for a soccer club. The major response variable was the number of interventions made by participants. The study was between-groups with 10 participants in two groups pre-upgrade and post-upgrade, both in the same 4-screen Cave-like system. However, the post-upgrade group experienced the scenario with projectors that had a significantly higher level of resolution and luminance than those experienced by the pre-upgrade group. The results show that, other things being equal, the number of both verbal and physical interventions was greater amongst those in the post-upgrade group compared to the pre-upgrade group.
Conversion of normal rats into SCID-like animals by means of bone marrow transplantation from SCID donors allows engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

We have recently shown that lethally irradiated normal strains of mice, radioprotected with SCID bone marrow, can be engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We now demonstrate that lethally irradiated Lewis rats can also be radioprotected with a transplant of SCID bone marrow cells, administered 1 day after total body irradiation. Split chimerism was found in PBMC, 30 days after transplantation, with predominance of SCID donor-type cells. The average percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells, of mouse or rat origin, were < 1%. This chimerism status could be maintained for over 3 months. When human PBMC (300-1000 x 10(6) cells) were transplanted intraperitoneally 1 day after the administration of SCID bone marrow, prompt engraftment of human CD4 and human CD8 T cells, as well as human CD20 B cells, was found in the peritoneum and in internal organ (such as liver, lung, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes). T cell activation was high: about 50% of the cells expressed HLA-DR and almost all expressed CD45RO. High titers of human Ig (> 1 mg/ml) were initially found after 2 weeks; these levels were similar to those found in the irradiated mouse model and in the SCID model. Likewise, marked human anti-tetanus response, predominantly of the IgG type, was recorded 2 weeks after the immunization, reaching maximal levels at 4 weeks. The triple-chimeric SCID-like rats, which accept as much as 1000 x 10(6) human PBMC, can potentially be used to elicit both antibody responses and T cell responses against specific antigens, with the advantages of a larger animal.
Early mother–child attachment and behavior problems in middle childhood: the role of the subsequent caregiving environment

The current study investigated associations between early mother–child attachment, as well as mother–child and teacher–child relationships, and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in middle childhood. Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development were used. Findings from a series of individual growth curve analyses revealed that attachment security was negatively related to internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while insecure/other and avoidant attachment were positively related to internalizing behaviors. In addition, longitudinal associations were found between mother–child and teacher–child relationships and internalizing and externalizing behaviors across middle childhood. Implications for attachment theory are discussed.
Macropolitics caught up in micropolitics: the case of the policy on quality control in Flanders (Belgium)

Using the case of the Flemish policy on educational quality and based on a series of case studies, the author argues that the impact of central policy measures on educational practices in schools is never simply straightforward. Policy measures are always interpreted by and translated to the particular context of a school. In these processes of interpretation the teachers’ and principal’s agenda of professional interests plays a crucial role. Taking up the micropolitical perspective on schools as a descriptive and analytical theoretical lens, the author argues that these interests reflect different types of working conditions that are considered valuable or necessary by the teachers and principal to do a good job. If these conditions are absent, threatened or lost, people will engage in micropolitical actions in order to establish, safeguard or restore the desirable working conditions. Five different categories of professional interests were identified in the analysis of the case study data. Describing these categories, the author shows how the macropolitical agenda gets caught up in the micropolitics of the local schools during the policy implementation.
Interaction of beta1H globulin with cell-bound C3b: quantitative analysis of binding and influence of alternative pathway components on binding

Purified beta1H globulin (beta1H) was shown to bind to C3b coated cells by both immunofluorescent and radioactive tracer techniques. With EAC43, the amount of beta1H bound was directly proportional to the amount of C3 used to prepare the cells; EA, EAC14 and EAC14oxy2 bound very small amounts of beta1H. The C3b binding site on beta1H was labile in that not all of the purified 125I-beta1H was capable of binding to C3b, even when an excess of cell-bound C3b was present. Scatchard analysis of binding of beta1H to C3b-coated cells indicated an equilibrium constant of 10(9) L/M. Deviations from linearity were regularly found on Scatchard analyses. This was consistent with the hypothesis that the beta1H binding sites exhibit negative cooperativity in that as more sites become occupied, it becomes more difficult to fill the remaining sites. The stoichiometry of the reaction between C3b and beta1H was examined using EAC14oxy23 prepared with 131I-C3 and beta1H labeled with 125I. Between 0.5--0.8 beta1H molecules were bound per C3b molecule. Other alternative pathway components influenced the binding of 125I-beta1H to cell bound C3b. Both C3b and native C3 inhibited binding of labeled beta1H at an efficiency approximately 1/1,000 that of unlabeled beta1H. Factor B inhibited binding with 1/280 the efficiency of unlabeled beta1H. Properdin caused a dose-dependent increase in the binding of beta1H; this enhancement was abrogated if B was also present in the reaction mixture. Scatchard analysis indicated that the enhancement of beta1H binding by P resulted in an increased number of available binding sites rather than an increase in the affinity of binding.
An O(1) RMRs leader election algorithm

The leader election problem is a fundamental distributed coordination problem. We present leader election algorithms for the cache-coherent (CC) and distributed shared memory (DSM) models using reads and writes only, for which the number of remote memory references (RMRs) is constant in the worst case.The algorithms use splitter-like objects [6, 8] in a novel way for the efficient partitioning of processes into disjoint sets that share work. As there is an Ω(log n/log log n) lower bound on the RMR complexity of mutual exclusion for n processes using reads and writes only [4], our result separates the mutual exclusion and leader election problems in terms of RMR complexity in both the CC and DSM models.Our result also implies that any algorithm using reads, writes and one-time test-and-set objects can be simulated by an algorithm using reads and writes with only a constant blowup of the RMR complexity. Anderson, Herman and Kim raise the question of whether conditional primitives such as test-and-set and compare-and-swap are stronger than read and write for the implementation of local-spin mutual exclusion [3]. We provide a negative answer to this question, at least for one-time test-and-set.
An Evaluation of the Role of Gene Expression in the Prediction and Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Background:The SepsiChip project explored transcriptional modulation associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for trauma. Genome-wide expression analysis may help to identify potential diagnostic markers for diseases. The current study examined the changes in blood transcriptome during VAP. Methods:The authors prospectively included 165 trauma patients, and 41 developed VAP. Whole blood samples were collected at admission and at VAP. To predict VAP, the admission samples were compared by microarray in patients who did or did not develop VAP. To identify diagnosis markers, paired samples of 35 patients who developed VAP were analyzed. Using NanoString (Seattle, WA), the results were confirmed in the patients who developed VAP. Trauma patients who did not develop VAP served as controls to eliminate a time effect. Results:The injury severity scores of the patients who did or did not develop VAP were 36 and 29, respectively. No predictive biomarker was identified. For patients who developed VAP, a transcriptional signature was identified between the two sampling times. However, this signature was a generalized pattern related to trauma, independent of the infectious process. Genes involved in the proinflammatory response were down-regulated in the patients who developed VAP, but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions:In contrast to clinical assessment, transcriptional analysis of whole blood samples cannot predict or diagnose VAP in trauma patients. Differentiating infection from inflammation seems challenging.
A shared mechanism for lipid‐ and β‐subunit‐coordinated stabilization of the activated K+ channel voltage sensor

The low‐dielectric plasma membrane provides an energy barrier hindering transmembrane movement of charged particles. The positively charged, voltage‐sensing fourth transmembrane domain (S4) of voltage‐gated ion channels must surmount this energy barrier to initiate channel activation, typically necessitating both membrane depolarization and interaction with membrane lipid phospho‐head groups (MLPHGs). In contrast, and despite containing S4, the KCNQ1 K+ channel α subunit exhibits predominantly constitutive activation when in complexes with transmembrane β subunits, MinK‐related peptide (MiRP) 1 (KCNE2) or MiRP2 (KCNE3). Here, using a 2‐electrode voltage clamp and scanning mutagenesis of channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, we discovered that 2 of the 8 MiRP2 extracellular domain acidic residues (D54 and D55) are important for KCNQ1‐MiRP2 constitutive activation. Double‐mutant thermodynamic cycle analysis revealed energetic coupling of D54 and D55 to R237 in KCNQ1 S4 but not to 10 other native or introduced polar residues in KCNQ1 S4 and surrounding linkers. MiRP2–D54 and KCNQ1–R237 also similarly dictated susceptibility to the inhibitory effects of MLPHG hydrolysis, whereas other closely situated polar residues did not. Thus, by providing negative charge near the plasma membrane extracellular face, MiRP2 uses a lipomimetic mechanism to constitutively stabilize the activated KCNQ1 voltage sensor. —Choi, E. , Abbott, G. W. A shared mechanism for lipid‐ and β‐subunit‐coordinated stabilization of the activated K+ channel voltage sensor. FASEB J. 24, 1518‐1524 (2010). www.fasebj. org
A runtime approach to model-independent schema and data translation

A runtime approach to model-generic translation of schema and data is proposed. It is based on our previous work on MIDST, a platform conceived to perform translations in an off-line fashion. In the original approach, the source database is imported into a dictionary, where it is stored according to a universal model. Then, the translation is applied within the tool as a composition of elementary transformation steps, specified as Datalog programs. Finally, the result is exported into the operational system. Here we illustrate a new, lightweight approach where the database is not imported. The tool needs only to know the model and the schema of the source database and generates views on the operational system that transform the underlying data (stored in the source schema) according to the corresponding schema in the target model. Views are generated in an almost automatic way, on the basis of the Datalog rules for schema translation.
On stability of nonlinear hyperbolic systems with reaction and switching

This paper investigates the exponential stability in L2 norm of scalar nonlinear hyperbolic systems of balance laws with the reaction that may be accumulative or dissipative. Two Lyapunov-based stability criteria that depend on the system parameters and boundary data are proposed with fully considering the reactions' characteristics. The new results can help to construct a common Lyaunov function to stabilize the switched nonlinear hyperbolic systems under arbitrary switching. Several traffic system examples are taken to illustrate the theoretical results.
Determination of an optimal feature selection method based on maximum Shapley value

We propose a novel feature selection methodology based on game theory. In this context, the players are the various feature selection methods and the characteristic function (payoff) represents the feature ranking agreement within a coalition of players. The Shapley value assigned to each feature selection method is computed and ranked from higher to lower. The best feature selection method is identified as the one having the highest Shapley value. Finally, we have performed a score fusion scheme using the Borda Count (BC) consensus function as a benchmark to the maximum-Shapley value proposed approach. In order to validate the results obtained experimentally, we have performed a classification using a set of UCI and Statlog datasets by invoking an SVM classifier. Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology compared to some state-of-the-art approaches.
A pragmatist aesthetics approach to the design of a technological artefact

We describe work in developing an approach to the design of technological artefacts based in pragmatist aesthetics, grounding ideas in a developing case study, representing one possible way in which such a conceptual approach, which we see as essentially empathic, may evolve. From a conception of designer as creative and intersubjective subject, we explore the difficulties and possibilities in designing empathically for blind experience. We propose appropriation as a basis for sighted designers to build empathy with users by understanding blind experience as aesthetic. Various phases of appropriation provide a way of developing empathy and increasing agency in design.
MODIFICATION BY TEMPERATURE OF CONDUCTION AND GANGLIONIC TRANSMISSION IN THE GASTROPOD NERVOUS SYSTEM

The pedal ganglia of the terrestrial gastropod Ariolimax contain junctions between nerve fibers which are shown to be preferential points of fatigue and which exhibit facilitation (summation) of preganglionic impulses to produce a postganglionic spike. These characteristics in conjunction with others previously reported (reversible susceptibility to nicotine, convergence of preganglionic impulses, and inhibition of transmission through setting up a refractory state in the postganglionic fiber) are considered sufficient to indicate synaptic transmission in the pedal ganglia. The mean conduction velocity of the fastest fibers in the pedal nerves is 0.52 meter per second for preganglionic and 0.50 meter per second for postganglionic fibers at 7.56°C. The conduction rates at 21.76°C. are respectively 0.80 meter per second and 0.83 meter per second. The mean ganglionic delay is 0.033 second at 7.56°C. and 0.019 second at 21.76°C. The mean Q 10's for conduction velocity are thus 1.37 for preganglionic and 1.42 for postganglionic fibers. The mean Q 10 for ganglionic delay is 1.49. If the assumption is made that the Q 10 for ganglionic delay is that of a limiting reaction, this figure then represents a value below which the Q 10 for synaptic delay is statistically improbable.
Towards a Theoretical Understanding of Negative Transfer in Collective Matrix Factorization

Collective matrix factorization (CMF) is a popular technique to improve the overall factorization quality of multiple matrices presuming they share the same latent factor. However, it suffers from performance degeneration when this assumption fails, an effect called negative transfer (n.t.). Although the effect is widely admitted, its theoretical nature remains a mystery to date. This paper presents a first theoretical understanding of n.t. in theory. Under the statistical mini-max framework, we derive lower bounds for the CMF estimator and gain two insights. First, the n.t. effect can be explained as the rise of a bias term in the standard lower bound, which depends only on the structure of factor space but neither the estimator nor samples. Second, the n.t. effect can be explained as the rise of an dth-root function on the learning rate, where d is the dimension of a Grassmannian containing the sub-spaces spanned by latent factors. These discoveries are also supported in simulation, and suggest n.t. may be more effectively addressed via model construction other than model selection.
Interpreting face images using active appearance models

We demonstrate a fast, robust method of interpreting face images using an Active Appearance Model (AAM). An AAM contains a statistical model of shape and grey level appearance which can generalise to almost any face. Matching to an image involves finding model parameters which minimise the difference between the image and a synthesised face. We observe that displacing each model parameter from the correct value induces a particular pattern in the residuals. In a training phase, the AAM learns a linear model of the correlation between parameter displacements and the induced residuals. During search it measures the residuals and uses this model to correct the current parameters, leading to a better fit. A good overall match is obtained in a few iterations, even from poor starting estimates. We describe the technique in detail and show it matching to new face images.
‘Inculcating’ creativity: culture as public pedagogy in Singapore

The Singapore government has long relied on the inherent public pedagogical qualities of culture in the forms of official cultural and media policies and in the unscripted signifiers of cultural conduct, such as in the public's attitude towards the arts. The prime objective is to instrumentalise citizens on how they should become both economically productive and creative whilst adhering to prescribed sociopolitical norms. The paper begins with a discussion of a 2012 debate surrounding a Singapore street artist, dubbed the ‘Sticker Lady’, who was arrested for vandalising public property with political incorrect stickers and provocative phrases. The saga sparked questions of whether Singapore is ready to embrace the increasingly open, technologically advanced and creativity-led twenty-first century. This paper argues that while the authorities are cognisant of the need to open-up society, it is finding it difficult to cede some aspects of control. Instead of making the case for a fundamental change, it argues that public pedagogical imperatives need to be better applied to realign the direction of cultural policy in Singapore. In essence, the perception of what creativity is and how it might engender sociopolitical openness is needed to ‘inculate’ a culture of creativity in Singapore.
Cooperative Diversity with Fast HARQ for Delay-Sensitive Flows

This work addresses the problem of a fast hybrid automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) scheme intended for transporting delay-sensitive flows in a cooperative diversity (CD) environment. This CD with fast HARQ scheme allows the retransmission for only one time via the cooperating user (i.e. partner) or via both the sender and the partner simultaneously. A complementary link packet is used for retransmissions. The retransmission policy can be adjusted based on the qualities of channels among the sender, the partner, and the receiver and the application layer protocol data unit size by using the application throughput as the objective. For this presented scheme, we completely derive the application throughput formulas, which are then validated via simulations. Next, the CD with optimized fast HARQ scheme is shown able to achieve better throughput than effective throughput of other CD with ARQ schemes in various Nakagami-m slow-fading environments. As a result, the fast HARQ scheme should be an excellent ARQ mechanism for the real-time multimedia transport in CD environments.
Leadership Concepts and Theories: Reflections for Practice for early Childhood Directors

This paper proposes that effective leadership is a vital component in providing quality childcare services. It suggests that developing an enhanced understanding of effective leadership frameworks can be a starting point for a quality process and can forge a commitment to working towards excellence in early childhood centres, as well as be a tool for self-reflection. Theories of leadership are outlined for future preparation of leaders in a complex environment in which centres now operate
Declining Academic Fields in U.S. Four-Year Colleges and Universities, 1970—2006

This research identifies 22 fields that declined in absolute numbers and/or prevalence over a 35-year period. Most were basic fields in the arts and sciences. Steep declines were evident only in a few fields, notably European languages and literatures. Larger, higher status, and historically liberal arts oriented institutions were less likely to drop declining fields.