Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipid lowering treatment patterns and goal attainment in Nordic patients with hyperlipidemia

Objectives. Observational studies and surveys have shown that lipid-lowering treatment is not optimal neither with regard to number of patients treated nor with number of patients achieving recommended goals. To address this issue in the Nordic countries, we evaluated the published literature on lipid-lowering therapies in preventive cardiology in this region. Design. Nordic papers published from 2000 throughout 2006 dealing with lipid-lowering management in coronary heart disease prevention were identified. In total, 19 studies were analyzed. Results. Approximately half of the patients are inadequately treated and have not achieved recommended treatment goals of total cholesterol <5.0and LDL-cholesterol <3.0 mmol/L. Statins were prescribed most often in low or medium doses. The predictive factors for treatment were cholesterol level, risk of cardiovascular disease, previous cardiovascular disease, age, and gender. Conclusions. There is a considerable need to improve standards of preventive cardiology. Statins have to be given evidence based to achieve treatment goals according to lipid levels, and higher doses of statins or combination therapy with a statin and a cholesterol absorption inhibitor or niacin is often needed.
Characterization of caveolae from rat heart: Localization of postreceptor signal transduction molecules and their rearrangement after norepinephrine stimulation

Caveolae are plasma membrane subcompartments that have been implicated in signal transduction. In many cellular systems, caveolae are rich in signal transduction molecules such as G proteins and receptor‐associated tyrosine kinases. An important structural component of the caveolae is caveolin. Recent evidence show that among the caveolin gene family, caveolin‐3 is expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle and caveolae are present in cardiac myocyte cells. Both the ANP receptor as well as the muscarinic receptor have been localized to the caveolae of cardiac myocytes in culture. These findings prompted us to conduct a further analysis of cardiac caveolae. In order to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction regulation in cardiac myocytes, we isolated cardiac caveolae by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation from rat ventricles and rat neonatal cardiocytes. Our analysis of caveolar content demonstrates that heterotrimeric G proteins, p21ras and receptor‐associated tyrosine kinases are concentrated within these structures. We also show that adrenergic stimulation induces an increase in the amount of diverse α‐ and β‐subunits of G proteins, as well as p21ras, in both in vivo and in vitro experimental settings. Our data show that cardiac caveolae are an important site of signal transduction regulation. This finding suggests a potential role for these structures in physiological and pathological states. J. Cell. Biochem. 77:529–539, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Mechanisms for Autonomous Energy Efficiency Increases: A Cointegration Analysis of the US Energy/GDP Ratio

Many forecasts for energy use and carbon emissions assume that energy intensity will decline over time for reasons unrelated to energy prices, which are termed autonomous energy efficiency increases (AEEI). A cointegration analysis of a vector error correction model indicates that the types of fuels consumed, personal consumption expenditures spent on energy, and energy prices account for changes in the ratio of energy use to economic activity in the US between 1929 and 1999. Cointegration indicates that AEEI is associated with technical and/or structural changes which allow consumers to substitute oil, natural gas, and/or primary electricity for coal, and that shift energy use from final demand to intermediate sectors. Identifying the factors responsible for AEEI allows me to: (1) show that econometric efforts to measure technical change using a deterministic trend are inconsistent with economic theory and cannot be interpreted reliably; (2) show that modeling technical change with a deterministic trend may generate forecasts that overstate reductions in energy use and carbon emissions; and (3) test the observational record for the presence of price-induced technical change and its effect on economic growth. Together, the results indicate that current estimates for AEEI may overstate future reductions in energy use and that the economic impacts of policies to reduce energy use and slow emissions may have a greater effect on economic growth than anticipated currently.
Transport contract optimization under information asymmetry : an example

The present paper shows why information asymmetry and bivariate stochastic demand and spot price induce different behaviours and economic inefficiency in a carrier – shipper relationship. An example is offered of a single period, single echelon, shipper-carrier transport model where demand addressed to the shipper and the spot transport price, two exogenous stochastic variables, follow a bivariate exponential probability distribution function. We evaluate the objective functions of the carrier and shipper over one period reiterated with a mix of long-term and short-term procurement strategies under five scenarios of information sharing. Some clues as to ways of solving for other types of bivariates are provided.
Efficient bond price approximations in non-linear equilibrium-based term structure models

Abstract This paper develops an efficient method to compute higher-order perturbation approximations of bond prices. At third order, our approach can significantly shorten the approximation process and its precision exceeds the log-normal method and a procedure using consol bonds. The efficiency gains greatly facilitate any estimation which is illustrated by considering a long-run risk model for the US. Allowing for an unconstrained intertemporal elasticity of substitution enhances the model’s fit, and we see further improvements when incorporating stochastic volatility and external habits.
Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem

European unemployment has been steadily increasing for the last fifteen years and is expected to remain very high for many years to come. In this paper, we argue that this fact implies that shocks have much more persistent effects on unemployment than standard theories can possibly explain. We develop a theory that can explain such persistence, and that is based on the distinction between insiders and outsiders in wage bargaining. We argue that if wages are largely set by bargaining between insiders and firms, shocks which affect actual unemployment tend also to affect equilibrium unemployment. We then confront the theory with both the detailed facts of the European situation as well as those of earlier periods of high persistent unemployment, such as the Great Depression in the United States.
Public Relations Leaders as Sensemakers : A Global Study of Leadership in Public Relations and Communication Management

Section I: Shining a Light on Leadership in Public Relations 1. Making Sense of Leaders and Leadership in Public Relations 2. Review of the Leadership Literature 3. Research Design and Methods 4.Profile of Survey and Interview Participants Section II: Results and Implications of the Global Leadership Study 5. The Context for Leadership in Public Relations Ansgar Zerfass, Anne Linke, Ulrike Roettger 6. Strategies and Tactics Leaders Use to Manage Issues Bryan Reber 7. Dimensions of Leadership and Issue Management Juan Meng 8. Development of Future Leaders Yan Jin 9. Perceptions of Leaders, Organizations and the Profession Elina Erzikova, Baiba Petersone Section III: Conversations with Leaders in Public Relations 10. Public Relations Leadership in the Chinese-Speaking Countries Chun-ju Flora Hung-Baesecke, Yan Jin, Juan Meng 11. Leadership in a Transforming Environment Nilanjana Bardhan, Padmini Patwardhan 12. Past, Present and Future Public Relations in South Korea Jae-Hwa Shin, Jaesub Lee, Jongmin Park, Kwang Hee Kim 13. Leadership in Communication Management Ulrike Roettger, Janne Stahl, Ansgar Zerfass 14. Addressing Organizational and Sociopolitical Changes Through Leadership in Public Relations in Latvia Baiba Petersone, Bryan Reber 15. Taking on the Bear Elina Erzikova 16. Spain: Public Relations Leadership in an Age of Turbulence Cristina Navarro, Angeles Moreno 17. Transcultural Study on Leadership in Public Relations and Communications Management Andreia Athaydes, Gustavo Becker, Rodrigo Cogo, Mateus Furlanetto, Paulo Nassar 18. Key Leadership Challenges and Factors in Public Relations and Communication in Mexico Marco Herrera and Rebeca Arevalo 19. U.S. Public Relations Leaders Pursue Talent, Digital Mastery, and Strong Cultures Bruce Berger, Juan Meng, William Heyman, Mark Bain, and Mark Harris Section IV: Creating the Future 20. The Global Study and Leadership in the Future Bruce K. Berger and Juan Meng
Enzymic analysis of the crabtree effect in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CBS 8066 was studied in glucose-limited chemostat cultures. Below a dilution rate of 0.30 h-1 glucose was completely respired, and biomass and CO2 were the only products formed. Above this dilution rate acetate and pyruvate appeared in the culture fluid, accompanied by disproportional increases in the rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production. This enhanced respiratory activity was accompanied by a drop in cell yield from 0.50 to 0.47 g (dry weight) g of glucose-1. At a dilution rate of 0.38 h-1 the culture reached its maximal oxidation capacity of 12 mmol of O2 g (dry weight)-1 h-1. A further increase in the dilution rate resulted in aerobic alcoholic fermentation in addition to respiration, accompanied by an additional decrease in cell yield from 0.47 to 0.16 g (dry weight) g of glucose-1. Since the high respiratory activity of the yeast at intermediary dilution rates would allow for full respiratory metabolism of glucose up to dilution rates close to mumax, we conclude that the occurrence of alcoholic fermentation is not primarily due to a limited respiratory capacity. Rather, organic acids produced by the organism may have an uncoupling effect on its respiration. As a result the respiratory activity is enhanced and reaches its maximum at a dilution rate of 0.38 h-1. An attempt was made to interpret the dilution rate-dependent formation of ethanol and acetate in glucose-limited chemostat cultures of S. cerevisiae CBS 8066 as an effect of overflow metabolism at the pyruvate level. Therefore, the activities of pyruvate decarboxylase, NAD+- and NADP+-dependent acetaldehyde dehydrogenases, acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) synthetase, and alcohol dehydrogenase were determined in extracts of cells grown at various dilution rates. From the enzyme profiles, substrate affinities, and calculated intracellular pyruvate concentrations, the following conclusions were drawn with respect to product formation of cells growing under glucose limitation. (i) Pyruvate decarboxylase, the key enzyme of alcoholic fermentation, probably already is operative under conditions in which alcoholic fermentation is absent. The acetaldehyde produced by the enzyme is then oxidized via acetaldehyde dehydrogenases and acetyl-CoA synthetase. The acetyl-CoA thus formed is further oxidized in the mitochondria. (ii) Acetate formation results from insufficient activity of acetyl-CoA synthetase, required for the complete oxidation of acetate. Ethanol formation results from insufficient activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenases. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The substance of politics

This is a well-integrated and comprehensive textbook of political science primarily meant for undergraduate students of Indian universities. The book is critical as well as factual and presents a consistent thesis that the state exists for the benefit of the individual and not the individual for the State. It should be of great help to students, teachers and the general reader who is interested in a well-written and modern introduction to politics.
Quantitative comparison of technical differences in baseball batting motion by motion analysis

In this paper, batting motions between expert baseball players and beginner players are quantitatively compared and discussed, based on Kinetic and Kinematic analysis methods by using bio-instrumentation systems. We measure batting speed, center-of-gravity movements, a rotating angle of body trunk axis and a ground reaction force as kinematic data, and muscles power of the lower limb as kinetics data by using two force plates and the motion capturing system. Comparing these data, we extract Kinematics-based and Kinetics-base comm.-on features of each expert player, respectively.
Effects of Fatigue on Voluntary Electromechanical and Relaxation Electromechanical Delay

Abstract The purposes of the present study were to examine: 1) the effects of fatigue on electromechanical delay from the onsets of the electromyographic signal to force production (EMDE-F), the onsets of the electromyographic to mechanomyographic signals (EMDE-M), the onsets of the mechanomyographic signal to force production (EMDM-F), as well as the cessations of the electromyographic to force production (R-EMDE-F), cessation of the electromyographic to mechanomyographic signals (R-EMDE-M), and cessations of the mechanomyographic signal to force production (R-EMDM-F); and 2) the relative contributions from EMDE-M and EMDM-F to EMDE-F as well as R-EMDE-M and R-EMDM-F to R-EMDE-F from the vastus lateralis in non-fatigued and fatigued states. The values EMDE-F, EMDE-M, EMDM-F, R-EMDE-F, R-EMDE-M and R-EMDM-F were calculated during maximal voluntary isometric contractions, before and after 70% 1-repetition maximum leg extensions to failure. There were significant pretest to posttest increases in EMDE-F (73%;p<0.01), EMDE-M (99%;p<0.01), EMDM-F (60%;p<0.01), R-EMDE-F (101%;p<0.01) and R-EMDM-F (368%;p<0.01), but no significant change in R-EMDE-M (25%;p=0.46). Fatigue-induced increase in EMDE-F indicated excitation-contraction coupling failure (EMDE-M) and increases in the compliance of the series elastic component (EMDM-F). Increases in R-EMDE-F were due to increases in relaxation time for the series elastic component (R-EMDM-F), but not changes in the reversal of excitation-contraction coupling (R-EMDE-M).
Reurbanization and Housing Markets in the Central and Inner Areas of Liverpool

Abstract British cities appear to be moving from a period of counter-urbanization to a period of reurbanization. One reason for this appears to be the growth of residential development in city centres. At the same time as there has been a boom in city centre housing, many cities appear to have experienced housing market failure in parts of the inner urban area. Through a study of Liverpool this article considers the evidence to support the notion that reurbanization is becoming an established trend, and why. What is the relationship between this emerging central area housing market and the surrounding inner urban areas? What are the implications for planning practice? The article concludes that there is evidence of reurbanization, partly driven by the economic revival of the city centre economy. But this emerging housing sector caters only for a niche population and makes a relatively inefficient contribution to housing supply. However, with the exception of student housing, it appears to be segmented from and not adversely impacting upon the inner-area housing market. If the goal is to broaden the appeal of city centre living to a wider social spectrum and to increase the efficiency of its contribution to housing supply, then its provision needs to be more carefully planned in terms of housing mix, local environmental conditions and amenities.
Association of Substance Use Discussion by Pediatric Providers With the Parent—Provider Relationship and Maternal Behavior Change

A cross-sectional study of data from a randomized, controlled trial was conducted to determine (1) provider and parent attributes associated with discussion of maternal substance use, (2) how substance use discussion related to the parent—provider relationship, and (3) whether discussion was associated with maternal attempts at behavior change. Of the 482 mothers, 34% reported discussing all 3 substance use items (smoking, alcohol, and drug use) with their child’s provider. Mothers who discussed smoking were more likely to report discussing alcohol and other drug use (P < .001). Parent—provider relationship scores, measured by a modified version of the Primary Care Assessment Survey, were positively associated with discussion of each substance (P < .001). Discussion of smoking and drug use were significantly associated with attempted behavior change. Our findings suggest that discussion of parental substance use by pediatricians is positively associated with the parent—provider relationship and may lead to behavior change.
Interacting Effects of N-terminal Variation and Strex Exon Splicing on slo Potassium Channel Regulation by Calcium, Phosphorylation, and Oxidation*

We have investigated the structural basis for the phenotype of a native rat Slo (rSlo) potassium channel (BKCa; KCNMA1) in a rat pituitary cell line, GH4C1. Opposing regulation of these calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channels by cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases requires an alternatively spliced exon (strex) of 59 amino acids in the cytoplasmic C terminus of the pore-forming α subunit encoded by rslo. However, inclusion of this cysteine-rich exon produces a 10-fold increase in the sensitivity of the channels to inhibition by oxidation. Inclusion of the strex exon also increases channel sensitivity to stimulation by calcium, but responses in the physiological ranges of calcium and voltage require coassembly with β1 subunits. With strex present, however, β1 subunits only stimulated channels assembled from rSlo α subunits with a truncated N terminus beginning MDALI- . Thus N-terminal variation and strex exon splicing in rSlo interact to produce BKCa channels with a physiologically relevant phenotype.
Robust and Fast 3D Scan Alignment Using Mutual Information

This paper presents a mutual information (MI) based algorithm for the estimation of full 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) rigid body transformation between two overlapping point clouds. We first divide the scene into a 3D voxel grid and define simple to compute features for each voxel in the scan. The two scans that need to be aligned are considered as a collection of these features and the MI between these voxelized features is maximized to obtain the correct alignment of scans. We have implemented our method with various simple point cloud features (such as number of points in voxel, variance of z-height in voxel) and compared the performance of the proposed method with existing point-to-point and point-to-distribution registration methods. We show that our approach has an efficient and fast parallel implementation on GPU, and evaluate the robustness and speed of the proposed algorithm on two real-world datasets which have variety of dynamic scenes from different environments.
The use of proteomic techniques to explore the holistic effects of nutrients in vivo

The availability of ‘omics’ technologies is transforming scientific approaches to physiological problems from a reductionist viewpoint to that of a holistic viewpoint. This is of profound importance in nutrition, since the integration of multiple systems at the level of gene expression on the synthetic side through to metabolic enzyme activity on the degradative side combine to govern nutrient availability to tissues. Protein activity is central to the process of nutrition from the initial absorption of nutrients via uptake carriers in the gut, through to distribution and transport in the blood, metabolism by degradative enzymes in tissues and excretion through renal tubule exchange proteins. Therefore, the global profiling of the proteome, defined as the entire protein complement of the genome expressed in a particular cell or organ, or in plasma or serum at a particular time, offers the potential for identification of important biomarkers of nutritional state that respond to alterations in diet. The present review considers the published evidence of nutritional modulation of the proteome in vivo which has expanded exponentially over the last 3 years. It highlights some of the challenges faced by researchers using proteomic approaches to understand the interactions of diet with genomic and metabolic–phenotypic variables in normal populations.
Non‐electrolyte solute permeabilities of human placental microvillous and basal membranes.

1. Permeability to non‐electrolytes of isolated microvillous and basal membranes from human term placenta was measured using stopped‐flow light‐scattering techniques. The studied solutes were urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, creatinine, erythritol, arabitol and mannitol. 2. At 37 degrees C, permeability of the microvillous membrane to mannitol and urea was 0.30 +/‐ 0.02 x 10(‐6) cm/s (mean +/‐ S.E.M.) and 3.2 +/‐ 0.2 x 10(‐6) cm/s, respectively. The corresponding permeabilities for the basal membrane were 1.2 +/‐ 0.1 x 10(‐6) cm/s (mannitol) and 4.4 +/‐ 0.3 x 10(‐6) cm/s (urea). The basal membrane was substantially more permeable to hydrophilic solutes than the microvillous membrane. This is probably due to differences in lipid composition, as illustrated by membrane cholesterol content, which was found to be approximately 50% lower in the basal as compared to the microvillous membrane. 3. Similarities between permeabilities in placental membranes and lipid bilayers and the linear relationship noted between solute hydrophobicity and placental permeability suggested that solutes permeate both human syncytiotrophoblast membranes by a solubility/diffusion mechanism. In the microvillous membrane this was supported by data obtained for activation energies (> 10 kcal/mol) and reflection coefficients (close to 1). In the basal membrane, low activation energies for glycerol and urea and a low reflection coefficient for urea indicated that these solutes may, in part, share a common pathway with water. 4. It was estimated that the placental permeability to molecules with a molecular weight under 200 observed in vivo can, to a great extent, be accounted for by transcellular permeation.
Valuing external costs – from theory to practice: implications for full cost environmental accounting

This article presents an experiment in full cost accounting applied to the case of an industrial process. It aims at exploring the difficulties of putting full cost accounting into practice. Its specific contribution to the growing body of experiments in full cost accounting is that it attempts to compare exactly what impacts can be translated into financial information with the impacts that are being left out. Amongst other things, we provide a quantitative figure of what is monetized in the experiment, expressed as a percentage of what should be monetized if all negative external effects were to be taken into account. The experiment uses three different external cost evaluation methods. The most comprehensive method monetizes less than 10% of the flows of the industrial process studied. According to the method used and the assumptions made, external costs vary by a factor of more than 1 to 12,000 per unit of product. The paper then discusses what can be learnt by comparing the range of results obtained with each method and suggests directions for future research.