Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Earning and caring in families that have experienced divorce: a study of family law, social policy and family practices

Much of current welfare policy directed towards the support of lone parents is intended to encourage earning as a primary responsibility for all, regardless of responsibilities for care. This thesis sets out to explore how these policy discourses diverge from or converge with the lived experiences of a sample of divorced or separated parents. The thesis analyses how individuals and their families experience the policy and legal process in the context of increasing levels of welfare conditionality. The ways in which the underlying assumptions inherent in these discourses intersect with the choices and preferences of the participants and their children are explored. In doing so, the thesis investigates the current gaps in knowledge around the potential impact of these policy developments on lone parents, non resident parents and their children as they re-negotiate their family lives post separation. The thesis contends that policy and legal structures could take a much greater account of care as both a practice and an ethic. A more holistic welfare policy model which regards interdependency as positive rather than negative could be fostered if we recognise that human flourishment comes from our relationships with others. I argue that the focus on employment as the primary duty appears to be informed by a flawed understanding both of the complexities of family relationships and of the realities of managing paid work alongside responsibility for domestic and care work as the sole adult in the home.
Resource Sharing for Control of Wildland Fires

Wildland fires (or wildfires) occur on all continents except for Antarctica. These fires threaten communities, change ecosystems, destroy vast quantities of natural resources and the cost estimates of the damage done annually is in the billions of dollars. Controlling wildland fires is resource-intensive and there are numerous examples where the resource demand has outstripped resource availability. Trends in changing climates, fire occurrence and the expansion of the wildland-urban interface all point to increased resource shortages in the future. One approach for coping with these shortages has been the sharing of resources across different wildland-fire agencies. This introduces new issues as agencies have to balance their own needs and risk-management with their desire to help fellow agencies in need. Using ideas from the field of multiagent systems, we conduct the first analysis of strategic issues arising in resource-sharing for wildland-fire control. We also argue that the wildland-fire domain has numerous features that make it attractive to researchers in artificial intelligence and computational sustainability.
Putting Psychology in its Place: Critical Historical Perspectives

Part 1. Origins and Theories. 1. Introduction: Psychology and History. 2. Before Psychology: 1600-1850. 3. Founding Psychology: Evolution and Experimentation. 4. William James and the Origins of American Psychology. 5. Behaviourism. 6. Gestalt Psychology. 7. Cognitive Psychology. Part 2. Some Topics. 8. Looking at Perception. 9. Psychology and the Brain. 10. Memory: Some Points to Remember. 11. Emotion: The Problem or the Whole Point? 12. Personality: Psychology and Who You Are. 13. Social Psychology. 14. Applied Psychology. Part 3. Psychology's Subject. 15. Psychology, Madness and the Meanings of Psychological Distress. 16. Psychological Uses of Animals. 17. Psychology and the Child 18. Psychology and Gender. Part 4. Two General Issues. 19. Some Problems With Measurement. 20. Psychology and Language. Part 5. Four Cultural Entanglements. 21. Funding and Institutional Factors. 22. Psychology Meets Religion 23. Psychology and 'Race'. 24. Psychology and War. Part 6. Closure - Or Not? 25. Conceptual Issues: A Resume. 26. Epilogue.
Preventing running-related injuries using evidence-based online advice: the design of a randomised-controlled trial

Introduction Running-related injuries (RRIs) are frequent and can lead to cessation of health promoting activities. Several risk factors for RRIs have been identified. However, no successful injury prevention programme has been developed so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of an evidence-based online injury prevention programme on the number of RRIs. Methods and analysis The INSPIRE trial is a randomised-controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. Both novice and more experienced runners, aged 18 years and older, who register for a running event (distances 5 km up to 42.195 km) will be asked to participate in this study. After completing the baseline questionnaire, participants will be randomised into either the intervention group or control group. Participants in the intervention group will get access to the online injury prevention programme. This prevention programme consists of information on evidence-based risk factors and advices to reduce the injury risk. The primary outcome measure is the number of self-reported RRIs in the time frame between registration for a running event and 1 month after the running event. Secondary outcome measures include the running days missed due to injuries, absence of work or school due to injuries, and the injury location. Ethics and dissemination An exemption for a comprehensive application is obtained by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Erasmus University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Netherlands. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented on international congresses. Trial registration number NTR5998. Pre-results
Multi-View Hidden Markov Perceptrons

Discriminative learning techniques for sequential data have proven to be more effective than generative models for named entity recognition, information extraction, and other tasks of discrimination. However, semi-supervised learning mechanisms that utilize inexpensive unlabeled sequences in addition to few labeled sequences – such as the Baum-Welch algorithm – are available only for generative models. The multi-view approach is based on the principle of maximizing the consensus among multiple independent hypotheses; we develop this principle into a semisupervised hidden Markov perceptron algorithm. Experiments reveal that the resulting procedure utilizes unlabeled data effectively and discriminates more accurately than its purely supervised counterparts.
End-to-end transport-layer security for Internet-integrated sensing applications with mutual and delegated ECC public-key authentication

The Internet of Things (IoT) describes a vision of a future Internet where constrained sensing and actuating devices are part of distributed applications and required to support standard Internet communications with more powerful devices or Internet hosts. This vision will require appropriate end-to-end communications and security mechanisms that are well suited to the constraints and characteristics of sensing devices and applications, while being able to support standard Internet communication mechanisms. With this motivation in mind, we propose an architecture supporting low-power end-to-end transport-layer secure communications with mutual authentication using ECC public-key cryptography for Internet-integrated sensing applications. The proposed architecture promotes the availability of critical resources on constrained sensing platforms and security against Internet-originated threats, while providing full compatibility with current standardization proposals. Those are fundamental enabling factors of most of the sensing applications envisioned for the IoT and, as far as we known, ours is the first architecture implemented and experimentally evaluated with such goals.
The functional strategy and transitive term rewriting systems

The functional strategy has been widely used implicitly (Haskell, Miranda, Lazy ML) and explicitly (Clean) as an e(cid:14)cient, intuitively easy to understand reduction strategy for term (or graph) rewriting systems. However, little is known of its formal properties since the strategy deals with priority rewriting which signi(cid:12)-cantly complicates the semantics. Nevertheless, this paper shows that some formal results about the functional strategy can be produced by studying the functional strategy entirely within the standard framework of orthogonal term rewriting systems. A concept is introduced that is one of the key aspects of the e(cid:14)ciency of the functional strategy: transitive indexes. The corresponding class of transitive term rewriting systems is characterized. An e(cid:14)cient normalizing strategy is given for these rewriting systems. It is shown that the functional strategy is normalizing for the class of left-incompatible term rewriting systems.
Nursing students’ errors and their causes: A qualitative exploration of clinical instructors’ perspectives

Introduction: Students may commit errors while learning and developing their clinical skills. This study was aimed to explore clinical instructors’ view about nursing students’ errors.Material and Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve clinical instructors and analyzed using inductive content analysis.Results: Two main categories emerged from the data as “Nature of nursing students’ errors” (Acting against the instruction set and Repeating the same mistake) and “Causes of nursing students’ errors” (Personal characters and Educational characters). Conclusion: There is a need for a precise definition of nursing students’ errors to promote patients' safety. It is necessary to concentrate attention on the causes of the student’s error and improve preventive measures from the perspective of education practitioners such as clinical instructors and especially students. The presence of clinical instructor with the standard ratio to nursing students and proper communication with the nurses could prevent the occurrence of mistakes. Improvement of the educational condition of clinical teaching and making a calm and motivational clinical learning environment is necessary.
A subpopulation of murine bone marrow cells fully differentiates along the myogenic pathway and participates in muscle repair in the mdx dystrophic mouse.

Bone marrow (BM) transplantation in mice suggests the existence of pluripotent cells able to differentiate into skeletal muscle tissue, although sustained myofiber reconstitution has not yet been achieved. We investigated the myogenic potential of mouse BM cells and evaluated whether a BM fraction enriched for cells expressing skeletal muscle markers would ameliorate muscle repair, when compared to whole BM, into the dystrophic mdx mouse. We demonstrate that cells expressing striated-muscle-specific proteins are already present in the BM independently from experimentally forced myogenic conversion. We observed the presence of both markers of early myogenic program such as Pax3, Myf5, MyoD, desmin, and late myogenesis such as myosin heavy chain and alpha-sarcomeric actin. These myogenic cells are more represented in the early nonadherent BM fraction, which generates clones able to fully differentiate into myotubes. Transplantation in mdx mice by intravenous injection of whole BM and a tenfold BM myogenic enriched fraction resulted in BM reconstitution and limited dystrophin restoration. Taken together, these data show that a fraction of BM cells have a definite potential for differentiation along the skeletal muscle pathway and can be recruited by muscle repair mechanisms. They also indicate that factors limiting the degree of muscle recruitment and the host stem cell competition should be assessed in order to evaluate the usefulness of BM-derived myogenic cells into the context of cell-mediated gene therapy of inherited muscle diseases.
Modeling and Design Guidelines for P Guard Rings in Lightly Doped CMOS Substrates

—This paper presents a compact model for P + guard rings in lightly doped CMOS substrates featuring a P-well layer. Simple expressions for the impedances in the model are derived based on a conformal mapping approach. The model can be used to predict the noise suppression performance of P + guard rings in terms of S-parameters, which is useful for substrate noise mitigation in mixed-signal SoCs. Validation of the model has been done by both EM simulation and experimental results from guard rings implemented using a standard 0.18 µ m CMOS process. In addition, design guidelines have been drawn for minimizing the guard ring size while maintaining the noise suppression performance.
Spatial Concept Acquisition for a Mobile Robot That Integrates Self-Localization and Unsupervised Word Discovery From Spoken Sentences

In this paper, we propose a novel unsupervised learning method for the lexical acquisition of words related to places visited by robots, from human continuous speech signals. We address the problem of learning novel words by a robot that has no prior knowledge of these words except for a primitive acoustic model. Furthermore, we propose a method that allows a robot to effectively use the learned words and their meanings for self-localization tasks. The proposed method is nonparametric Bayesian spatial concept acquisition method (SpCoA) that integrates the generative model for self-localization and the unsupervised word segmentation in uttered sentences via latent variables related to the spatial concept. We implemented the proposed method SpCoA on SIGVerse, which is a simulation environment, and TurtleBot2, which is a mobile robot in a real environment. Further, we conducted experiments for evaluating the performance of SpCoA. The experimental results showed that SpCoA enabled the robot to acquire the names of places from speech sentences. They also revealed that the robot could effectively utilize the acquired spatial concepts and reduce the uncertainty in self-localization.
The Regulator of G-Protein Signaling Proteins Involved in Sugar and Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis Seed Germination 1

The regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins, recently identified in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; named as AtRGS1), has a predicted seven-transmembrane structure as well as an RGS box with GTPase-accelerating activity and thus desensitizes the G-protein-mediated signaling. The roles of AtRGS1 proteins in Arabidopsis seed germination and their possible interactions with sugars and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated in this study. Using seeds that carry a null mutation in the genes encoding RGS protein (AtRGS1) and the a-subunit (AtGPA1) of the G protein in Arabidopsis (named rgs1-2 and gpa1-3, respectively), our genetic evidence proved the involvement of the AtRGS1 protein in the modulation of seed germination. In contrast to wild-type Columbia-0 and gpa1-3, stratification was found not to be required and the after-ripening process had no effect on the rgs1-2 seed germination. In addition, rgs1-2 seed germination was insensitive to glucose (Glc) and sucrose. The insensitivities of rgs1-2 to Glc and sucrose were not due to a possible osmotic stress because the germination of rgs1-2 mutant seeds showed the same response as those of gpa1-3 mutants and wild type when treated with the same concentrations of mannitol and sorbitol. The gpa1-3 seed germination was hypersensitive while rgs1-2 was less sensitive to exogenous ABA. The different responses to ABA largely diminished and the inhibitory effects on seed germination by exogenous ABA and Glc were markedly alleviated when endogenous ABA biosynthesis was inhibited. Hypersensitive responses of seed germination to both Glc and ABA were also observed in the overexpressor of AtRGS1. Analysis of the active endogenous ABA levels and the expression of NCED3 and ABA2 genes showed that Glc significantly stimulated the ABA biosynthesis and increased the expression of NCED3 and ABA2 genes in germinating Columbia seeds, but not in rgs1-2 mutant seeds. These data suggest that AtRGS1 proteins are involved in the regulation of seed germination. The hyposensitivity of rgs1-2 mutant seed germination to Glc might be the result of the impairment of ABA biosynthesis during seed germination.
Astaxanthin increases progesterone production in cultured bovine luteal cells

Although astaxanthin (AST) is known to be a strong antioxidant, its effects on reproductive function in domestic animals have not yet been elucidated in detail. Therefore, we investigated the effects of AST on luteal cells, which produce progesterone (P4), an important hormone for maintaining pregnancy. Luteal cells were prepared by collagenase dispersion of the corpus luteum (CL). The addition of racemic AST at a low concentration (<10 nM) to cultured bovine luteal cells increased P4 in the culture medium (P<0.05). This effect was attributed to an increase in the ability of luteal cells to produce P4 (P4/cell·DNA); however, the level of lipid peroxide (TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) per cell did not decrease with the addition of AST, whose values were similar to that with the addition of luteinizing hormone. When optical isomers of AST (SS and RR types) were added to the culture medium, respectively, SS-AST was more effective in increasing P4 production than RR-AST. When 1 mg/kg·body weight of SS-AST derived from green algae was fed to cows for 2 weeks, its concentration in blood plasma was 10.9 nM on average, which was sufficient to expect an in vitro effect on the production of P4 in cows. These results suggested the potential of SS-AST supplements for cows to elevate luteal function.
Constraining global methane emissions and uptake by ecosystems

Abstract. Natural methane (CH4) emissions from wet ecosystems are an important part of today's global CH4 budget. Climate affects the exchange of CH4 between ecosystems and the atmosphere by influencing CH4 production, oxidation, and transport in the soil. The net CH4 exchange depends on ecosystem hydrology, soil and vegetation characteristics. Here, the LPJ-WHyMe global dynamical vegetation model is used to simulate global net CH4 emissions for different ecosystems: northern peatlands (45°–90° N), naturally inundated wetlands (60° S–45° N), rice agriculture and wet mineral soils. Mineral soils are a potential CH4 sink, but can also be a source with the direction of the net exchange depending on soil moisture content. The geographical and seasonal distributions are evaluated against multi-dimensional atmospheric inversions for 2003–2005, using two independent four-dimensional variational assimilation systems. The atmospheric inversions are constrained by the atmospheric CH4 observations of the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument and global surface networks. Compared to LPJ-WHyMe the inversions result in a~significant reduction in the emissions from northern peatlands and suggest that LPJ-WHyMe maximum annual emissions peak about one month late. The inversions do not put strong constraints on the division of sources between inundated wetlands and wet mineral soils in the tropics. Based on the inversion results we diagnose model parameters in LPJ-WHyMe and simulate the surface exchange of CH4 over the period 1990–2008. Over the whole period we infer an increase of global ecosystem CH4 emissions of +1.11 Tg CH4 yr−1, not considering potential additional changes in wetland extent. The increase in simulated CH4 emissions is attributed to enhanced soil respiration resulting from the observed rise in land temperature and in atmospheric carbon dioxide that were used as input. The long-term decline of the atmospheric CH4 growth rate from 1990 to 2006 cannot be fully explained with the simulated ecosystem emissions. However, these emissions show an increasing trend of +3.62 Tg CH4 yr−1 over 2005–2008 which can partly explain the renewed increase in atmospheric CH4 concentration during recent years.
Improving requirements elicitation: an empirical investigation of procedural prompts

Abstract. Information system success is dependent upon the effectiveness of requirements elicitation. Requirements elicitation is subject to numerous challenges, however, including cognitive limitations of analysts. In the present study, we test prompts designed to overcome the cognitive limitations that cause analysts to gather inadequate and inaccurate requirements. The study’s results indicate that providing analysts with procedural prompts to aid their requirements elicitation can result in the acquisition of additional meaningful requirements. In addition, the procedural prompts designed to mitigate cognitive challenges were significantly more effective than simple interrogatory prompts. Theoretical implications for the elicitation of requirements and practical implications for the training and practice of systems analysts are discussed.
Mixing Quantitative and Qualitative Research

This chapter offers several models of ways that scholars can usefully integrate qualitative and quantitative research in both single works and broader research programs: using qualitative methods to identify constructs or hypotheses that can subsequently be examined in quantitative studies; using quantitative studies to identify patterns that can be explored in qualitative work; and, quantification of qualitative data. Through this analysis, I call into question existing characterizations of the relationships among the two types of research and offer a more nuanced portrayal of the links between them. I suggest that the advantage of mixed methods studies is that they recognize the value of iterating between that which can be counted and that which cannot in order to generate richer insights about the phenomena of interest.
Prevalence of atubular glomeruli in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Atubular glomeruli have been identified in a number of chronic renal diseases and have been linked to declining renal function. In type 1 diabetes they are present predominantly in proteinuric patients. We investigated the prevalence of atubular glomeruli in type 2 diabetes and their relationship to renal function. METHODS Renal biopsies from 12 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy were processed for light and electron microscopy and analysed using standard stereological techniques. Abnormalities at the glomerular tubular junction were quantified using an index of junctional atrophy (IJA). RESULTS There was no relationship between the degree of proteinuria and the presence of atubular glomeruli or atrophic tubules. Creatinine clearance correlated with the IJA (r = -0.70, P = 0.011), percent sclerosed glomeruli (r = -0.59, P = 0.027) and interstitial volume fraction (r = -0.54, P = 0.037). The IJA also correlated with foot process width and volume fraction interstitium (r = 0.58, P = 0.049 for both). Percent sclerosed glomeruli correlated with mesangial (r = 0.65, P = 0.012) and interstitial (r = 0.69, P = 0.007) volume fractions. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to type 1 diabetes, atubular glomeruli and atrophic tubules occur in type 2 diabetic patients with low levels of proteinuria; their development may influence the progressive change in GFR. Both glomerular and interstitial damage may lead to the development of atubular glomeruli in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.