Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm for energy saving task scheduling in CMP system

There are two important factors in the power-performance issues of chip multi-processor(CMP) system: the execution time of tasks and the system energy consumption. Most of exist energy saving methods are not designed to reduce the system energy while cut the execution time down. This paper represents a multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm (MHGA) which can make the execution time of tasks minimize while reducing the system power consumption. We analyze the problem of energy saving task scheduling on CMP system and a novel coding scheme of genetic algorithm. Based on that, we improve the crossover and mutation operator of genetic algorithm. We propose the multi-objective genetic algorithm by using simulated annealing algorithm to enhance the search ability. Simulation results demonstrate that using our algorithm can make the efficiency of task scheduling on CMP increase, make both the execution time of task and energy consumption of system decrease.
Multidrug Resistance and Malignancy in Human Osteosarcoma 1 Katia Scotland !

In osteosarcoma, resistance to chemotherapy and metastatic spread are the most important mechanisms responsible for the failure of current multimodal therapeutic programs. We have shown previously that overexpression of the MDR1 gene product P-glycoprotein is the most impor tant predictor of an adverse clinical course in patients with osteosarcoma treated with chemotherapy. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between P-glycoprotein expression and local aggressiveness and systemic dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDKl human osteosarcoma cells. Compared to parental sensitive cells, MDK cells showed a decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability in athymic mice, together with a reduced migratory and invasive ability and a lower homotypic adhesion ability in vitro, suggesting that P-glycoprotein overexpression is associated with a less malignant phenotype. These experimental observations were confirmed by clinical data. In fact, the time of appearance of lung mÃ©tas tases in a series of osteosarcoma patients treated with chemotherapy was significantly shorter in the group of cases with no expression of P-glyco protein in the primary lesion compared to the group with P-glycoprotein overexpression. Moreover, the incidence of P-glycoprotein overexpression was found to be higher among patients with localized disease at the clinical onset than in patients with evidence of metastasis at the time of diagnosis. These data indicate that, in osteosarcoma, the MDK phenotype is not associated with a more aggressive behavior both in vitro and in clinical settings, suggesting that the previously shown association of the MDK phenotype with a worse outcome in osteosarcoma is not related to a higher metastatic ability of cells with P-glycoprotein overexpression but is more likely due to their lack of responsiveness to cytotoxic drugs.
Verifying a multiprocessor cache controller using random test generation

The design verification of the cache controller for SPUR, a shared-memory multiprocessor, is reported. The strategy was to develop a random tester that would generate and verify the complex interactions between multiple processors in functional simulation. Replacing the CPU model, the tester generates memory references by random selection from a script of actions and checks. It was easy to develop and detect over half the bugs uncovered during functional simulation. A prototype SPUR multiprocessor system that runs the Sprite operating system is being used for experiments in parallel programming. Results to data are described. <<ETX>>
Synthesis and Characterization of Multi-Angular Branched ZnO Microstructures and Peculiar Nanopushpins Obtained by Thermal Treatment from Compacted ZnS Powder

Multi-angular branched ZnO microstructures with rods-shaped tips and nanopushpins with hexagonal cap on top have been synthesized by a simple thermal treatment process of compacted ZnS powder used as starting material and substrate. The structures have been grown at different temperatures (800, 900 and 1000 °C) for 60 min, in a constant nitrogen environment at atmospheric pressure via a catalyst-free process. XRD results of the as-grown products from ZnS powder show a significant reduction in the cubic zincblende phase to the hexagonal wurtzite phase with the increase of treatment temperature, as compared to the bulk value. Post-anneal analyses indicated that the transformation of morphologies of the as-grown structures also depends strongly on the treatment temperature. The proposed method represents an easy and economical way to grow complex structures of ZnO, with a relatively short time, furthermore, without the neediness of use an external substrate to grow. These new and interesting nanostructures have potential in applications such as optoelectronics.
Rationale awareness for quality assurance in iterative human computation processes

Human computation refers to the outsourcing of computation tasks to human workers. It offers a new direction for solving a variety of problems and calls for innovative ways of managing human computation processes. The majority of human computation tasks take a parallel approach, whereas the potential of an iterative approach, i.e., having workers iteratively build on each other’s work, has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigates whether and how human workers’ awareness of previous workers’ rationales affects the performance of the iterative approach in a brainstorming task and a rating task. Rather than viewing this work as a conclusive piece, the author believes that this research endeavor is just the beginning of a new research focus that examines and supports meta-cognitive processes in crowdsourcing activities.
RETRACTED: Probing the MicroRNA and Small Interfering RNA Pathways with Virus-Encoded Suppressors of RNA Silencing[W]

In plants, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are effectors of RNA silencing, a process involved in defense through RNA interference (RNAi) and in development. Plant viruses are natural targets of RNA silencing, and as a counterdefensive strategy, they have evolved highly diverse silencing suppressor proteins. Although viral suppressors are usually thought to act at distinct steps of the silencing machinery, there had been no consensus system so far that allowed a strict side-by-side analysis of those factors. We have set up such a system in Arabidopsis thaliana and used it to compare the effects of five unrelated viral silencing suppressors on the siRNA and miRNA pathways. Although all the suppressors inhibited RNAi, only three of them induced developmental defects, indicating that the two pathways are only partially overlapping. These developmental defects were remarkably similar, and their penetrance correlated with inhibition of miRNA-guided cleavage of endogenous transcripts and not with altered miRNA accumulation per se. Among the suppressors investigated, the tombusviral P19 protein coimmunoprecipitated with siRNA duplexes and miRNA duplexes corresponding to the primary cleavage products of miRNA precursors. Thus, it is likely that P19 prevents RNA silencing by sequestering both classes of small RNAs. Moreover, the finding here that P19 binds siRNAs and suppresses RNAi in Hela cells also suggests that this factor may be useful to dissect the RNA silencing pathways in animals. Finally, the differential effects of the silencing suppressors tested here upon other types of Arabidopsis silencing-related small RNAs revealed a surprising variety of biosynthetic and, presumably, functional pathways for those molecules. Therefore, silencing suppressors are valuable probes of the complexity of RNA silencing.
Expertise Directory Development, Shared Task Interdependence, and Strength of Communication Network Ties as Multilevel Predictors of Expertise Exchange in Transactive Memory Work Groups

Building on Kozlwoski and Klein’s emergence framework, this research developed and tested a set of multilevel hypotheses regarding individual and team transactive memory processes in work teams. Literature from social psychology suggested hypotheses on how shared task interdependence influences individual expertise exchange. Social network theory suggested hypotheses that individual expertise exchange is channeled according to communication tie strength. Using data collected from 218 individuals from 18 organizational teams, the proposed hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear modeling techniques. The results showed that at the individual level the relationship between directory development and expertise exchange was mediated by communication tie strength and moderated by shared task interdependence.Team-level variables also were significantly related to individual-level outcomes such that individual expertise exchange happened more frequently in teams with well-developed team-level expertise directories, as well as with higher team communication tie strength and shared task interdependence.
Climate change and the epidemiology of protostrongylid nematodes in northern ecosystems: Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis d. dalli)

We describe the epidemiology of the protostrongylid parasites Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and Protostrongylus stilesi in Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) from the Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada (65 °N; 128 °W). Peak numbers of 1st-stage larvae of both parasites were shed by Dall's sheep on their winter range from March until May. In larval development experiments in the Mackenzie Mountains, peak numbers of infective 3rd-stage larvae of P. odocoilei were available in gastropod intermediate hosts in August–September. For both protostrongylids, the majority of transmission likely occurs on the winter range, with infection of gastropods when they emerge from hibernation in spring, and infection of Dall's sheep upon their return in fall. We validated a degree-day model for temperature-dependent development of larval P. odocoilei in gastropods, and applied degree-day models to describe and predict spatial and temporal patterns in development of P. odocoilei and P. stilesi in northern North America. Temperature-dependent larval development may currently limit northward range expansion of P. odocoilei into naïve populations of Dall's sheep in the Arctic, but climate warming may soon eliminate such constraints. In Subarctic regions where both P. odocoilei and P. stilesi are endemic, the length of the parasite ‘growing season’ (when temperatures were above the threshold for larval development) and amount of warming available for parasite development has increased over the last 50 years. Further climate warming and extension of the seasonal window for transmission may lead to amplification of parasite populations and disease outbreaks in host populations.
Arkansas' Experience: Statewide Surveillance and Parental Information on the Child Obesity Epidemic

Parents, clinicians, public health officials, and policy makers need readily available information on the extent of the childhood obesity epidemic. As in any epidemic, the strategies and tools used to combat the imminent threat are frequently based on scientific rationale and experience but applied in areas in which we lack complete understanding. The urgent need for information requires execution of decisions that are not risk-free—such is the case of BMI screening obesity. Use of BMI percentiles to classify weight status among youth and quantify the epidemic can inform and engage parents and other key stakeholders. Arkansas has completed its sixth year of BMI screenings for public school students. Through a groundbreaking legislative mandate that requires BMI assessments in public schools, the state has achieved both enhanced awareness among parents and their children and increased engagement by school, clinical, public health, and community leaders in response to the epidemic. External evaluations conducted since institution of BMI assessments have revealed none of the initially feared negative consequences of BMI measurements such as teasing, use of diet pills, or excessive concerns about weight. In the face of this epidemic, the risks of using BMI assessments in clinical or school-based settings must be recognized but can be managed. Arkansas' Act 1220 and BMI-reporting efforts have not only afforded parents detailed information about their children's health but also provided longitudinal data needed to fully understand the scope of childhood and adolescent obesity in the state and to track progress made in combating this epidemic.
Creating a Multilingual Data Collection for Bilingual Lexicography from Parallel Monolingual Lexicons

In the DELIS project , a set of parallel monolingual lexicon fragments have been designed. They are parallel in two ways: (1) they cover the same fragment (the most general verbs of sensory perception and of speech act), and (2) they are based on the same theoretical approaches and on comparable classifications and descriptive de­ vices. It is claimed in this paper that such parallel fragments, formalized and represented in a modular and access-neutral way, constitute a lexical data collection which can serve as a pre-dictionary fact base from where bilingual dictionaries can be derived. We discuss examples of the procedures by which raw material for bilingual diction­ aries can be derived from the fact base (semi-)automatically. 1. Metalexicographic introduction: monolingual and bilingual dictionaries the role of a pre-dictionary fact base In metalexicography, there has been some discussion about directional as opposed to non-directional bilingual dictionaries. Directional diction­ aries as advocated and illustrated by [Kromann 1989] and [Kromann/ Riiber^Rosbach 1989] aim at efficiency of presentation, taking the users' perspective and the users' mother tongue as a starting point. For an "active" translation dictionary of the directional type (from mother tongue to the users' "foreign" language), the main objective is to make those cases clear where the target language differs considerably from the source language. If the target language lexical items display the same properties as the source language items, the lexicographer can leave their description (partly) underspecified, to save space in the article; it is not felt necessary, for example, to describe reading distinctions which are parallel in both languages. The non-directional dictionary aims at explicitness more than at economy of space: ideally, the relevant distinctions of the source language are made explicit in any case: even if they happen to exist in a parallel fashion in the target language. The non-directional approach seems to more readily support the "reuse" of lexical descriptions: the
Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of a Nb/Nb5Si3 based Composite with and without Directional Solidification

The Nb/Nb5Si3 based composites were fabricated by conventional casting (CC) and directional solidification (DS) methods. Micro structural characteristics, compressive properties and fracture toughness of the CC and DS composites were investigated by SEM, XRD, TEM, bending and compression tests. The results demonstrate that in the CC Nb/Nb5Si3 based composite, the intergrowth of fine (Nb,Ti)ss and α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3 phases leads to the formation of eutectic structure and the coarse α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3 dendritic phase prefers to grow along eutectic cell boundary. The (Nb,Ti)3Si, (Ti,Nb)5Si3 and Dy2O3 phases mainly segregate along the eutectic cell boundary and moreover there is an orientation relationship between the (Nb,Ti)3Si and (Nb,Ti)ss phases: [001] (Nb,Ti)3Si//[112](Nb,Ti)ss and (110)(Nb,Ti)3Si//(110)(Nb,Ti)ss. The DS processing promotes the formation of coarse primary α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3 phase, (Ti,Nb)5Si3/(Nb,Ti)ss eutectic and α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3/(Nb,Ti)ss eutectic in the DS Nb/Nb5Si3 based composite. Moreover, the (Nb,Ti)ss and α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3 phases are aligned paralleling to the DS direction and exhibits strong crystal orientation preference. In addition, an orientation relationship between the (Nb,Ti) ss and α-(Nb,Ti)5Si3 phases is observed: [310]α(Nb,Ti)5Si3//[110](Nb,Ti)ss. Compared with the CC Nb/Nb5Si3 based composite, the DS Nb/Nb5Si3 based composite possesses the higher yield strength and fracture toughness, which should be ascribed to the microstructure optimization.
Daily runoff time-series prediction based on the adaptive neural fuzzy inference system

Artificial neural network and fuzzy inference technology have been successfully used in various fields in the last decades. In order to combine the advantages of these approaches, the previous researchers came up with a new model named adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), which has been applied to signal processing and the related fields. Hydrological prediction is an important aspect of hydrological services for economy and society. The prediction result not only provides decision support for generation optimization, but also is of great significance to the economical operation of hydropower systems, navigation, flood control and so on. This paper presents the application of adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) on daily runoff time-series prediction at Tongzilin station. To evaluate the performances of the selected ANFIS, comparison was made with the ANN and autoregressive (AR) model. Previous inflows were chosen as input vectors of the three different models. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NS coefficient), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute relative error (MARE) were chosen to evaluate the performances of our models. The results show that ANFIS not only keep the potential of the ANN whose advantage is to deal with nonlinear problem, but it also eases the model building process and makes the result more stable. As a result, ANFIS can be a recommended daily runoff time-series prediction model.
Eaton's Markov chain, its conjugate partner and P-admissibility

Suppose that X is a random variable with density f(x|θ) and that π(θ|x) is a proper posterior corresponding to an improper prior ν(θ). The prior is called P-admissible if the generalized Bayes estimator of every bounded function of θ is almost-ν-admissible under squared error loss. Eaton showed that recurrence of the Markov chain with transition density R(η|θ) = ∫π(η|x)f(x|θ) dx is a sufficient condition for P-admissibility of ν(θ). We show that Eaton's Markov chain is recurrent if and only if its conjugate partner, with transition density R(y|x) = ∫f(y|θ)π(θ|x) dθ, is recurrent. This provides a new method of establishing P-admissibility. Often, one of these two Markov chains corresponds to a standard stochastic process for which there are known results on recurrence and transience. For example, when X is Poisson(θ) and an improper gamma prior is placed on θ, the Markov chain defined by R(y|x) is equivalent to a branching process with immigration. We use this type of argument to establish P-admissibility of some priors when f is a negative binomial mass function and when f is a gamma density with known shape.
Escaping the symmetry dilemma through a pair-density interpretation of spin-density functional theory.

In the standard interpretation of spin-density functional theory, a self-consistent Kohn-Sham calculation within the local spin density (LSD) or generalized gradient approximation (GGA) leads to a prediction of the total energy E, total electron density n(r)=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$(r)+${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$(r), and spin magnetization density m(r)=${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\uparrow}}}$(r)-${\mathit{n}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\downarrow}}}$(r). This interpretation encounters a serious ``symmetry dilemma'' for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$, and many other molecules. Without changing LSD or GGA calculational methods and results, we escape this dilemma through an alternative interpretation in which the third physical prediction is not m(r) but the on-top electron pair density P(r,r), a quantity more directly related to the total energy in the absence of an external magnetic field. This alternative interpretation is also relevant to antiferromagnetic solids. We argue that the nonlocal exchange-correlation energy functional, which must be approximated, is most nearly local in the alternative spin-density functional theory presented here, less so in the standard theory, and far less so in total-density functional theory. Thus, in LSD or GGA, predictions of spin magnetization densities and moments are not so robust as predictions of total density and energy. The alternative theory helps to explain the surprising accuracy of LSD and GGA energies, and suggests that the correct solution of the Kohn-Sham equations in LSD or GGA is the fully self-consistent broken-symmetry single determinant of lowest total energy.
Co-DIMM: Inter-Socket Data Sharing via a Common DIMM Channel

To improve computing density, modern datacenters widely deploy server chassis with several processor sockets integrated as independent nodes. Distributed applications processing enormous datasets on such systems require frequent inter-node communication. Data sharing among distributed on-board socket nodes in the same server chassis via commodity networking and inter-socket connection technologies is inefficient, though. To address this problem, we propose inter-socket data sharing via normal memory access instructions. Co-DIMM eliminates the overheads of protocol-stack processing and data movement through the network. Instead of sharing data through centralized shared memory based on NUMA inter-socket connections, DDR switches allow Co-DIMM ownership to be changed dynamically to support asynchronous producer-consumer data sharing. We implement Co-DIMM in a custom in-house FPGA-based platform to generate preliminary results showing that data-sharing latency between two sockets is as low as 1. 33μs. We present potential Co-DIMM usage scenarios and discuss implementation challenges.
Sustained Long Term Potentiation and Anxiety in Mice Lacking theMas Protooncogene*

The Mas protooncogene is a maternally imprinted gene encoding an orphan G protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly in forebrain and testis. Here, we provide evidence for a function of Mas in the central nervous system. Targeted disruption of the Mas protooncogene leads to an increased durability of long term potentiation in the dentate gyrus, without affecting hippocampal morphology, basal synaptic transmission, and presynaptic function. In addition, Mas −/− mice show alterations in the onset of depotentiation. The permissive influence ofMas ablation on hippocampal synaptic plasticity is paralleled by behavioral changes. While spatial learning in the Morris water maze is not significantly influenced, Mas-deficient animals display an increased anxiety as assessed in the elevated-plus maze. Thus, Mas is an important modulating factor in the electrophysiology of the hippocampus and is involved in behavioral pathways in the adult brain.