Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EEG correlates of P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) performance in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

The purpose of this study was to identify electroencephalography (EEG) features that correlate with P300-based brain–computer interface (P300 BCI) performance in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Twenty people with ALS used a P300 BCI spelling application in copy-spelling mode. Three types of EEG features were found to be good predictors of P300 BCI performance: (1) the root-mean-square amplitude and (2) the negative peak amplitude of the event-related potential to target stimuli (target ERP) at Fz, Cz, P3, Pz, and P4; and (3) EEG theta frequency (4.5–8 Hz) power at Fz, Cz, P3, Pz, P4, PO7, PO8 and Oz. A statistical prediction model that used a subset of these features accounted for >60% of the variance in copy-spelling performance (p < 0.001, mean R2 = 0.6175). The correlations reflected between-subject, rather than within-subject, effects. The results enhance understanding of performance differences among P300 BCI users. The predictors found in this study might help in: (1) identifying suitable candidates for long-term P300 BCI operation; (2) assessing performance online. Further work on within-subject effects needs to be done to establish whether P300 BCI user performance could be improved by optimizing one or more of these EEG features.
Monkey Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Sends Task-Selective Signals Directly to the Superior Colliculus

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been implicated in the ability to perform complex behaviors requiring the implementation of cognitive control. A central supposition of models of prefrontal function is that the DLPFC engages control by selectively modulating the activity of target structures to which it is connected, but no studies in the primate have directly investigated DLPFC output signals. Here, we recorded the activity of DLPFC neurons identified as sending a direct projection to the superior colliculus, a midbrain oculomotor structure, while monkeys performed alternating blocks of trials in which they had to look toward a flashed peripheral stimulus (prosaccades) and trials in which they had to look away from the stimulus in the opposite direction (antisaccades). We report the first direct evidence that the primate DLPFC sends task-selective signals to a target structure. This supports the notion that the DLPFC orchestrates the activity of other brain areas in accordance with task requirements.
Trait-Dependent Extinction Leads to Greater Expected Biodiversity Loss

We use a classical combinatorial inequality to establish a Markov inequality for multivariate binary Markov processes on trees. We then apply this result, alongside the Fortuin–Kasteleyn–Ginibre (FKG) inequality, to compare the expected loss of biodiversity under two models of species extinction. One of these models is the generalized version of an earlier model in which extinction is influenced by some trait that can be classified into two states and which evolves on a tree according to a Markov process. Since more than one trait can affect the rates of species extinction, it is reasonable to allow, in the generalized model, k binary states that influence extinction rates. We compare this model to one that has matching marginal extinction probabilities for each species but for which the species extinction events are stochastically independent.
FPA, a Gene Involved in Floral Induction in Arabidopsis, Encodes a Protein Containing RNA-Recognition Motifs

FPA is a gene that regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis via a pathway that is independent of daylength (the autonomous pathway). Mutations in FPA result in extremely delayed flowering. FPA was identified by means of positional cloning. The predicted FPA protein contains three RNA recognition motifs in the N-terminal region. FPA is expressed most strongly in developing tissues, similar to the expression of FCA and LUMINIDEPENDENS, two components of the autonomous pathway previously identified. Overexpression of FPA in Arabidopsis causes early flowering in noninductive short days and creates plants that exhibit a more day-neutral flowering behavior.
Fatigue is not a necessary stimulus for strength gains during resistance training

Background: High resistance training enhances muscular strength, and recent work has suggested an important role for metabolite accumulation in this process. Objective: To investigate the role of fatigue and metabolite accumulation in strength gains by comparing highly fatiguing and non-fatiguing isotonic training protocols. Methods: Twenty three healthy adults (18–29 years of age; eight women) were assigned to either a high fatigue protocol (HF: four sets of 10 repetitions with 30 seconds rest between sets) to maximise metabolic stress or a low fatigue protocol (LF: 40 repetitions with 30 seconds between each repetition) to minimise changes. Subjects lifted on average 73% of their 1 repetition maximum through the full range of knee extension with both legs, three times a week. Quadriceps isometric strength of each leg was measured at a knee joint angle of 1.57 rad (90°), and a Cybex 340 isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the angle-torque and torque-velocity relations of the non-dominant leg. Results: At the mid-point of the training, the HF group had 50% greater gains in isometric strength, although this was not significant (4.5 weeks: HF, 13.3 (4.4)%; LF, 8.9 (3.6)%). This rate of increase was not sustained by the HF group, and after nine weeks of training all the strength measurements showed similar improvements for both groups (isometric strength: HF, 18.2 (3.9)%; LF, 14.5 (4.0)%). The strength gains were limited to the longer muscle lengths despite training over the full range of movement. Conclusions: Fatigue and metabolite accumulation do not appear to be critical stimuli for strength gain, and resistance training can be effective without the severe discomfort and acute physical effort associated with fatiguing contractions.
Levy-Based Interest Rate Derivatives: Change of Time Method and PIDEs

In this paper, we show how to calculate the price of zero-coupon bonds for many Gaussian and Levy one-factor and multi-factor models of r(t) using change of time method. These models include, in particular, Ornshtein-Uhlenbeck (1930), Vasicek (1977), Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (1985), continuous-time GARCH, Ho-Lee (1986), Hull-White (1990) and Heath-Jarrrow-Morton (1992) models and their various combinations. We also derive partial integro-differential equations (PIDEs) for the values of swaps, caps, floors and options on them, swaptions, captions and floortions, respectively. We apply the change of time method to price the interest rate derivatives for the interest rates r(t) described by various stochastic differential equations driven by alpha-stable Levy processes.
Green resource allocation with QoS provisioning for cooperative cellular network

Relay-based cooperative transmission in cellular network has been an area of tremendous research recently. Transmission via relays introduces power consumption at both the source and relay stations which may lead to less efficient system in terms of power consumption. Because of increasing energy cost for cellular systems and concern over environmental issues, an energy efficient design of resource allocation scheme in cooperative cellular network is of prime importance. In this paper, we propose a novel resource allocation scheme in order to maximize the energy aware system performance. The proposed low-complexity scheme allocates powers for base station and relay by using a strategy that minimizes required transmit power per unit achieved throughput and at the same time guarantees a predefined quality of service (QoS) which is specified in terms of minimum end-to-end data rate required by each user. Simulation results show that proposed scheme outperforms existing power allocation schemes by decreasing required power to guarantee the QoS without increasing system outage penalty, which is essential for green communication systems.
A rule-based data grouping method for personalized log analysis system in big data computing

Nowadays, providing personalized service to customers is one of the main issues in big data services. To provide the personalized service, analyzing various logs and cooperation between data analysts and developers are critical. However, the problem is that overhead can occur when the log data is analyzed due to general characteristics of big data system as well-known 4Vs(Velocity, Various, Value and Volume). Also, generally it is hard for data analysts and developers to work together because they use different interfaces. Therefore, we propose a personalized log analysis system including rule-based data grouping method in order for the improved performance of personalized log analysis and more flexible cooperation between data analysts and developers. The evaluation of the proposed system performs well for cooperation and grouping along with the R SW tool.
Open Challenges in Relationship-Based Privacy Mechanisms for Social Network Services

Social networking services (SNSs) such as Facebook and Twitter have experienced explosive growth during the few past years. Millions of users have created their profiles on these services because they experience great benefits in terms of friendship. SNSs can help people to maintain their friendships, organize their social lives, start new friendships, and meet others who share their hobbies and interests. However, all these benefits can be eclipsed by the privacy hazards that affect people in SNSs. People expose intimate information about their lives on SNSs, and this information affects the way others think about them. It is crucial that users be able to control how their information is distributed through the SNSs and decide who can access it. This article presents a list of privacy threats that can affect SNS users and what requirements privacy mechanisms should fulfill to prevent this threats. Then the article reviews current approaches and analyzes to what extent they cover the requirements.
The Analysis Framework of Complex Giant System and its Application

Based on the concept of open complex system, the paper analyzes three causes of system complexity: system structure, combination exploding and human intervention. And then the paper pointes out that "un-repeatability" is a core characteristic of complex giant system (CGS). Applying the system dynamics to complexity research, the paper constructes a theoretic framework for studying the large scale complex system. The framework proposes the rules of assigning and co-operating the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis. And the paper studies the application of the framework to the large scale antagonism complex system.
HodgeRank on Random Graphs for Subjective Video Quality Assessment

This paper introduces a novel framework, HodgeRank on Random Graphs, based on paired comparison, for subjective video quality assessment. Two types of random graph models are studied, i.e., Erdös-Rényi random graphs and random regular graphs. Hodge decomposition of paired comparison data may derive, from incomplete and imbalanced data, quality scores of videos and inconsistency of participants' judgments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework on LIVE video database. Both of the two random designs are promising sampling methods without jeopardizing the accuracy of the results. In particular, due to balanced sampling, random regular graphs may achieve better performances when sampling rates are small. However, when the number of videos is large or when sampling rates are large, their performances are so close that Erdös-Rényi random graphs, as the simplest independent and identically distributed sampling scheme, could provide good approximations to random regular graphs, as a dependent sampling scheme. In contrast to the traditional deterministic incomplete block designs, our random design is not only suitable for traditional laboratory studies, but also for crowdsourcing experiments on Internet where the raters are distributive and it is hard to control with fixed designs.
A probabilistic priority scheduling discipline for high speed networks

In high speed networks, the strict priority (SP) scheduling discipline is perhaps the most common and simplest method to schedule packets from different classes of applications, each with diverse performance requirements. With this discipline, however, packets at higher priority levels can starve packets at lower priority levels. To resolve this starvation problem, we propose to assign a parameter to each priority queue in the SP discipline. The assigned parameter determines the probability with which its corresponding queue is served when the queue is polled by the server. We thus form a new packet scheduling discipline, referred to as the probabilistic priority (PP) discipline. By properly setting the assigned parameters, service differentiation as well as fairness among traffic classes can be achieved in PP. In addition, the PP discipline can be easily reduced to the ordinary SP discipline or to the reverse SP discipline.
Antibodies to chondroitin sulfate A-binding infected erythrocytes: dynamics and protection during pregnancy in women receiving intermittent preventive treatment.

BACKGROUND Plasmodium falciparum parasites that cause malaria in pregnancy express unique variant surface antigens (VSAs). Levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to pregnancy-associated VSAs measured at delivery are gravidity dependent, and they have been associated with protection from disease. It is not known how these IgG responses develop in pregnant women receiving intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) or whether IgG levels in early pregnancy predict pregnancy outcomes. METHODS We performed longitudinal measurements of IgG antibody to VSAs by flow cytometric analysis of serum samples obtained from 549 Malawian women receiving IPTp. We examined fluctuations in IgG levels over time and associated the IgG levels noted at study enrollment with clinical outcomes. RESULTS Levels of IgG antibody to pregnancy-associated VSAs were gravidity dependent. Overall, levels decreased while women were receiving IPTp, but the levels of the individuals were highly dynamic. Primigravidae developed low levels of pregnancy-specific IgG, which were often boosted during second pregnancies. The prevalence of parasites was low (8.4% at enrollment and 2.4% in late pregnancy). Antibody levels at enrollment did not predict birth weight, duration of gestation at delivery, or the maternal hemoglobin level in late pregnancy. CONCLUSION Levels of IgG antibody to pregnancy-specific VSAs decrease during receipt of IPTp. Antibody levels in early pregnancy did not predict clinical outcome. IPTp and decreasing malaria prevalence pose challenges for the evaluation of novel interventions for malaria during pregnancy.
The electronic medical record and everyday medical work

The deployment of the electronic medical record (EMR) is widely seen by healthcare policy makers and service managers as a key step in the achievement of more efficient and integrated healthcare services. However, our studies of medical work practices reveal important discrepancies between the presumptions of EMR and the ways in which healthcare professionals actually use and communicate information. These lead us to conclude it may be some time before technologies like the EMR can deliver promised benefits, and will do so only if they are allowed to evolve via user-led design and development processes.
Patterns for Adaptive Service-Centric Systems

Service-centric systems are driven more and more towards self-adaptation in order to satisfy QoS in highly dynamic environments. However, the young age and immaturity of this domain, combined with the increasing size and complexity of these systems, hinder the architects from designing effectively self-adaptive systems. This paper addresses the main problems that architects face with respect to high level issues such as monitoring, evaluation of QoS, and dynamic re-configuration. All patterns relate their solutions partially to wellestablished architectural patterns, adapted to the domain of service-centric systems. The aim is to compose a unified framework in the form of a pattern language that will help architects in taking the major design decisions.
Society 5.0 A human-centered society that balances economic advancement with the resolution of social problems by a system that highly integrates cyberspace and physical space

We aim at creating a society where we can resolve various social challenges through digital transformation program; the government of Japan addresses the necessity of acquiring a digital transformation of the society. The framework of the Society 5.0 entails an approach which would more human-centred. The key functions of the program include balancing the economic advancement of the nation with the resolution strategies addressing the social issues with the development of a system within which cyberspace and physical space would be integrated. This plan was fundamentally proposed in the 5 Science and Technology Basic plan addressing the necessity of building a future society which would be aspired by Japan. All of the basic components of the other four versions of society including the hunting society (1.0), the agricultural society (2.0), the industrial society (3.0), as well as, the information society (4.0) are incorporated within the concept of Society 5.0. This paper will give a prologue to the subjective period of figuring, in which psychological abilities from characteristic dialect and video understanding, machine learning, and choice help with clarifications and levels of certainty turn out to be extensively accessible as a major aspect of intellectual arrangements in the cloud, for example, cell phones. This summary will cover the basics of what everyone needs to know about building, understanding and working with intellectual frameworks in their own and professional lives including the movement of subjective frameworks from apparatuses to partners to colleagues to mentors to coaches to mediators, trusted to perform some interactions on behalf of the user. صخلم جلاعت نابايلا ةموكح ؛ جمانربلا اذه للاخ نم ةيعامتجلاا تايدحتلا نم ديدعلا لح هللاخ نم اننكمي عمتجم ءاشنإ ىلإ فدهن يعمجلا راطإ مزلتسي . عمتجملل يمقر لوحت ىلع لوصحلا ةرورض ( ة 5 فئاظولا لمشتو .ناسنلإا ىلع ازًيكرت رثكأ اجًهنم ) ريوطت عم ةيعامتجلاا اياضقلا لوانتت يتلا رارقلا تايجيتارتساو ةملأل يداصتقلاا مدقتلا نيب نزاوتلا قيقحت جمانربلل ةيسيئرلا يناربيسلا ءاضفلا جمد هيف متي ماظن ءاضفلاو ةينقتلاو مولعلل ةيساسلأا ةطخلا يف يساسأ لكشب ةطخلا هذه حارتقا مت . يداملا يساسلأا تانوكملا عيمج . هيلإ نابايلا علطتت يلبقتسم عمتجم ءانب ةرورض لوانتت يتلا ةسماخلا عمتجملل ىرخلأا ةعبرلأا ة امب ، ( ديصلا عمتجم كلذ يف 1.0 ( يعارزلا عمتجملاو ، ) 2.0 انصلا عمتجملاو ، ) ( يع 3.0 ( تامولعملا عمتجم كلذكو ، ) 4.0 مت ) عمتجملا موهفم يف اهجمد 5.0 . ملعتلاو ، ويديفلا مهفو ةزيمملا ةجهللا نم ةيسفنلا تاردقلا لوحتت ثيح ، ةيصخشلا ريكفتلا ةلحرمل ةمدقم ةقرولا هذه يطعتس صولا ةيناكمإ ىلإ نيقيلا تايوتسمو تاحيضوتلا عم رايتخلاا ةدعاسمو ، يللآا نم يسيئر بناجك عساو قاطن ىلع اهيلإ لو ىلإ صخش لك جاتحي ام تايساسأ صخلملا اذه يطغيس . ةلومحملا فتاوهلا ، لاثملا ليبس ىلع ، ةباحسلا يف ةيركفلا تابيترتلا ةينهملاو ةصاخلا هتايح يف ةيركفلا رطلأا عم لمعلاو مهفلاو ءانبلا لوح هتفرعم م ةيتاذلا رطلأا لقن كلذ يف امب ىلإ ةزهجلأا ن مدختسملا نع ةباين تلاعافتلا ضعب مهئادأب نوقثي نيذلا ، ءاطسولا ىلإ نيبردملا ىلإ نيهجوملاو ءلامزلا ىلإ ءاكرشلا .
A robust Cartesian feedback loop for a 802.11a/b/g CMOS transmitter

An integrated circuit (IC) in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS is presented which implements a complete wireless LAN transceiver for the IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards. We focus on the fully integrated transmitter using a wide band Cartesian feedback loop topology. The constraints usually associated with Cartesian feedback are solved using a novel mixed-signal implementation without the need for any factory calibration. At 54 Mbit/s, this transmitter achieves 3% EVM at -2 dBm output power from 4.85 GHz up to 5.7 GHz drawing 130 mA from a 1.8 V power supply. At 2.4 GHz, -2 dBm with 3% EVM is reached with 102 mA. Although not optimized for 802.11b, the circuit outputs 3 dBm with 10.5% EVM using 162 mA.
Capital Structure and Corporate Control: The Effect of Antitakeover Statutes on Firm Leverage

We find that firms protected by "second generation" state antitakeover laws substantially reduce their use of debt, and that unprotected firms do the reverse. This result supports recent models in which the threat of hostile takeover motivates managers to take on debt they would otherwise avoid. An implication is that legal barriers to takeovers may increase corporate slack. Copyright The American Finance Association 1999.
Compact silicon-based integrated optic time delays

We demonstrate a 3-b (eight-channel) guided-wave optical delay line network in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguide technology with an incremental time delay of 12.3 ps measured over 2-20-GHz frequency range. The high-refractive index (compared to silica) combined with tight optical confinement and low propagation loss in the SOI waveguide enables us to realize a compact time-delay network with fine resolution time delays necessary in a high-frequency phased-array antenna.
ZIPMAPS: Zoom-Into-Parts Texture Maps

In this paper, we propose a method for rendering highly detailed close-up views of arbitrary textured surfaces. Our hierarchical texture representation can easily be rendered in real-time, enabling zooming into speciﬁc texture regions to almost arbitrary magniﬁcation. To augment the texture map locally with high-resolution information, we describe how to automatically, seamlessly merge unregistered images of different scales. Our method is useful wherever close-up renderings of speciﬁc regions shall be provided, without the need for excessively large texture maps
Regular space filling tetrahedral elements for transmission line modelling (TLM)

The advantages of electromagnetic simulations operating on unstructured tetrahedral meshes are the availability of smooth boundary approximations and seamless multi-scale meshing. However in general, computational efficiency is notably better with regular elements and therefore in practice hybrid meshes usually provide the most valuable overall approach. In this paper we consider the scope of a particular tetrahedral scattering element that is both space filling and computationally efficient to implement in TLM simulations.
Systems Biology: The Next Frontier for Bioinformatics

Biochemical systems biology augments more traditional disciplines, such as genomics, biochemistry and molecular biology, by championing (i) mathematical and computational modeling; (ii) the application of traditional engineering practices in the analysis of biochemical systems; and in the past decade increasingly (iii) the use of near-comprehensive data sets derived from ‘omics platform technologies, in particular “downstream” technologies relative to genome sequencing, including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. The future progress in understanding biological principles will increasingly depend on the development of temporal and spatial analytical techniques that will provide high-resolution data for systems analyses. To date, particularly successful were strategies involving (a) quantitative measurements of cellular components at the mRNA, protein and metabolite levels, as well as in vivo metabolic reaction rates, (b) development of mathematical models that integrate biochemical knowledge with the information generated by high-throughput experiments, and (c) applications to microbial organisms. The inevitable role bioinformatics plays in modern systems biology puts mathematical and computational sciences as an equal partner to analytical and experimental biology. Furthermore, mathematical and computational models are expected to become increasingly prevalent representations of our knowledge about specific biochemical systems.