Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
As the Limitations of Traditional Silicon Based Digital Logic Are Reached in The

effort to produce faster more powerful computers, new technologies promise the possibility of overcoming current hurdles. One possibility being researched is quantum computers [Frank, 2003]. With quantum computers, the most fundamental building blocks of traditional computers, transistors and bits, are replaced by the smallest possible physical unit, the atom. Computing with atoms means the classical rules of " Newtonian Mechanics or Maxwell's Equations in Electromagnetics " [Amiri 2002, p. 6] used in today's computers simply don't continue to hold true, rather, the rules of quantum mechanics determine the physical world of quantum computers. Physical Aspects of Quantum Computing While classic computers use transistors to build gates, quantum computers are built from quantum bits called qubits for short. Like conventional logic, qubits have two states, either 0 or 1. While the concept of qubits is agreed upon, the physical implementation is not. There exists many ways of representing qubits in hardware such as spin or energy level of an atom or photon. In the case of spin for example, a nucleus within a molecule spins in a defined direction which corresponds either to a 0 or 1. It can be measured by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques which can detect the spin direction. By shooting the nuclei with radio waves of a specific wavelength, states can be inverted. Quantum dots trap a single electron in a cage of atoms. By shooting the electron with a laser of explicit wavelength and duration, the electron moves to an excited state, a higher
SUGGESTED ANALYTIC APPROACH TO TRANSMISSION RELIABILITY MARGIN

Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM) is the component of available transfer capability that accounts for uncertainties and safety margins. We suggest an analytic framework for TRM calculation using transfer capability sensitivity formulas and a probabilistic characterization of the various uncertainties. Preliminary results on a simple example show how we plan to test the TRM calculation and validate it with a Monte Carlo method. This draft report is produced in order to seek comment from PSerc members on the practicality and usefulness of this approach to TRM.
Genomic Scan Reveals Loci under Altitude Adaptation in Tibetan and Dahe Pigs

High altitude environments are of particular interest in the studies of local adaptation as well as their implications in physiology and clinical medicine in human. Some Chinese pig breeds, such as Tibetan pig (TBP) that is well adapted to the high altitude and Dahe pig (DHP) that dwells at the moderate altitude, provide ideal materials to study local adaptation to altitudes. Yet, it is still short of in-depth analysis and understanding of the genetic adaptation to high altitude in the two pig populations. In this study we conducted a genomic scan for selective sweeps using FST to identify genes showing evidence of local adaptations in TBP and DHP, with Wuzhishan pig (WZSP) as the low-altitude reference. Totally, we identified 12 specific selective genes (CCBE1, F2RL1, AGGF1, ZFPM2, IL2, FGF5, PLA2G4A, ADAMTS9, NRBF2, JMJD1C, VEGFC and ADAM19) for TBP and six (OGG1, FOXM, FLT3, RTEL1, CRELD1 and RHOG) for DHP. In addition, six selective genes (VPS13A, GNA14, GDAP1, PARP8, FGF10 and ADAMTS16) were shared by the two pig breeds. Among these selective genes, three (VEGFC, FGF10 and ADAMTS9) were previously reported to be linked to the local adaptation to high altitudes in pigs, while many others were newly identified by this study. Further bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that majority of these selective signatures have some biological functions relevant to the altitude adaptation, for examples, response to hypoxia, development of blood vessels, DNA repair and several hematological involvements. These results suggest that the local adaptation to high altitude environments is sophisticated, involving numerous genes and multiple biological processes, and the shared selective signatures by the two pig breeds may provide an effective avenue to identify the common adaptive mechanisms to different altitudes.
Low-Density Parity Check Codes for Fading Channelswith

We develop a belief-propagation-based joint decoding and channel state estimation algorithm for low-density parity check codes on fading channels with memory. The excellent empirical performance of LDPC codes on the AWGN channel and the possibility of arranging the code memory relative to the channel correlation suggests that LDPC codes have the potential to perform well on fading channels with memory. We treat the block fading channel, which models a frequency-hopped spread spectrum system. We present performance results for simple codes decoded using our algorithm and compare them with the performance of the belief propagation algorithm without channel state estimation and block-interleaved Reed-Solomon codes.
Views over RDF Datasets: A State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Views on RDF datasets have been discussed in several works, nevertheless there is no consensus on their definition nor the requirements they should fulfill. In traditional data management systems, views have proved to be useful in different application scenarios such as data integration, query answering, data security, and query modularization. In this work we have reviewed existent work on views over RDF datasets, and discussed the application of existent view definition mechanisms to four scenarios in which views have proved to be useful in traditional (relational) data management systems. To give a framework for the discussion we provided a definition of views over RDF datasets, an issue over which there is no consensus so far. We finally chose the three proposals closer to this definition, and analyzed them with respect to four selected goals.
Rotenone Susceptibility Phenotype in Olfactory Derived Patient Cells as a Model of Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a complex age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Approximately 90% of Parkinson’s disease cases are idiopathic, of unknown origin. The aetiology of Parkinson’s disease is not fully understood but increasing evidence implies a failure in fundamental cellular processes including mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. To dissect the cellular events underlying idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, we use primary cell lines established from the olfactory mucosa of Parkinson’s disease patients. Previous metabolic and transcriptomic analyses identified deficiencies in stress response pathways in patient-derived cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these deficiencies manifested as increased susceptibility, as measured by cell viability, to a range of extrinsic stressors. We identified that patient-derived cells are more sensitive to mitochondrial complex I inhibition and hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress, than controls. Exposure to low levels (50 nM) of rotenone led to increased apoptosis in patient-derived cells. We identified an endogenous deficit in mitochondrial complex I in patient-derived cells, but this did not directly correlate with rotenone-sensitivity. We further characterized the sensitivity to rotenone and identified that it was partly associated with heat shock protein 27 levels. Finally, transcriptomic analysis following rotenone exposure revealed that patient-derived cells express a diminished response to rotenone-induced stress compared with cells from healthy controls. Our cellular model of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease displays a clear susceptibility phenotype to mitochondrial stress. The determination of molecular mechanisms underpinning this susceptibility may lead to the identification of biomarkers for either disease onset or progression.
Fast Single Image Dehazing Using Iterative Bilateral Filter

In this paper, we present a simple but efficient iterative method for increasing scene visibility and recovering haze-free scene contrast from a single hazy image. Using the dark channel prior with the haze imaging model, we directly estimate the coarse transmission map at first, then an iterative refinement module based on bilateral filter is applied to refine the transmission map. The main advantage of our algorithm compared with others is its speed and efficiency for both color and gray level images. At last, a comparative study with other state-of-art algorithms is proposed to demonstrate that similar or better quality results of our scheme are obtained with only a tiny fraction time consumption.
The Significance of Instant Messaging at Work

Instant messaging has become increasingly prevalent in social life. However, whether to use IM at work remains controversial, due to its unquantified benefits for organizations. In this study we employ the suggestive metaphor of social network theory to examine IM’s impact on organizational performance. Specifically, we propose that IM has the potential to enhance organizational agility by enabling quality communication, building interlocutors’ mutual trust and establishing relationship networks in the workplace. The conceptual model is validated by 253 survey responses collected from employees of Chinese organizations. The data indicates that IM supports social networks, which contribute substantially to organizational agility. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
Channel estimation in a DMT based power-line communication system using sparse Bayesian regression

An enhanced power-line communications channel estimation method in discrete multitone (DMT) communication system based on sparse Bayesian regression is presented. By exploiting a probabilistic Bayesian learning framework, the sparse model used provides an accurate model for channel estimation in presence of noise and consequently equalization. We consider frequency domain equalization (FEQ) using the improved channel estimate at both the transmitter and receiver for a power-line system and compare the resulting bit error rate (BER) performance curves for both approaches and various channel estimation techniques. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to previous least squares based techniques.
Ultrastructure of the yeast actin cytoskeleton and its association with the plasma membrane

We characterized the yeast actin cytoskeleton at the ultrastructural level using immunoelectron microscopy. Anti-actin antibodies primarily labeled dense, patchlike cortical structures and cytoplasmic cables. This localization recapitulates results obtained with immunofluorescence light microscopy, but at much higher resolution. Immuno-EM double-labeling experiments were conducted with antibodies to actin together with antibodies to the actin binding proteins Abp1p and cofilin. As expected from immunofluorescence experiments, Abp1p, cofilin, and actin colocalized in immuno-EM to the dense patchlike structures but not to the cables. In this way, we can unambiguously identify the patches as the cortical actin cytoskeleton. The cortical actin patches were observed to be associated with the cell surface via an invagination of plasma membrane. This novel cortical cytoskeleton- plasma membrane interface appears to consist of a fingerlike invagination of plasma membrane around which actin filaments and actin binding proteins are organized. We propose a possible role for this unique cortical structure in wall growth and osmotic regulation.
Collisional Grooming of Debris Disks

Debris disk images have emerged as important tools for rinding extrasolar planets. These images show clumps, rings, warps, and other structures, many of which have been interpreted as resonant perturbations from hidden planets. But no models of these structures have properly accounted for collisions between dust grains. We have developed new steady‐state 3‐D models of debris disks that self‐consistently incorporate grain‐grain collisions for the first time. We summarize our algorithm and use it to illustrate how collisions interact with resonant trapping in the presence of a planet.
What do you see when you're surfing?: using eye tracking to predict salient regions of web pages

An understanding of how people allocate their visual attention when viewing Web pages is very important for Web authors, interface designers, advertisers and others. Such knowledge opens the door to a variety of innovations, ranging from improved Web page design to the creation of compact, yet recognizable, visual representations of long pages. We present an eye-tracking study in which 20 users viewed 361 Web pages while engaged in information foraging and page recognition tasks. From this data, we describe general location-based characteristics of visual attention for Web pages dependent on different tasks and demographics, and generate a model for predicting the visual attention that individual page elements may receive. Finally, we introduce the concept of fixation impact, a new method for mapping gaze data to visual scenes that is motivated by findings in vision research.
The Ethical Judgment and Moral Reaction to the Product-Harm Crisis: Theoretical Model and Empirical Research

Based on the dual-process theory of ethical judgment, a research model is proposed for examining consumers’ moral reactions to a product-harm crisis. A national-wide survey was conducted with 801 respondents in China. The results of this study indicate that consumers will react to a product-harm crisis through controlled cognitive processing and emotional intuition. The results of the study also show that consumers view a product-harm crisis as an ethical issue, and they will make an ethical judgment according to the perceived severity and perceived relevance of the crisis. The ethical judgment in the perceived crisis severity and perceived crisis relevance will affect consumers’ condemning emotions in terms of contempt and anger. Through controlled cognitive processing, a personal consumption-related reaction (purchasing intention) is influenced by the perceived crisis severity. Furthermore, a social and interpersonal reaction (negative word of mouth) is influenced by the perceived crisis relevance through the controlled cognitive processing. This social and interpersonal reaction is also influenced by the perceived crisis severity and perceived crisis relevance through the intuition of other-condemning emotion. Moreover, this study finds that the product knowledge negatively moderates the impact of the perceived crisis severity on the condemning emotions. Therefore, when a consumer has a high level of product knowledge, the effect of perceived crisis severity on the condemning emotions will be attenuated, and vice versa. This study provides scholars and managers with means of understanding and handling of consumers’ reactions to a product-harm crisis.
Energy Expenditure and Water Flux of Rüppell’s Foxes in Saudi Arabia

Scattered populations of Rüppell’s foxes (Vulpes rueppelli) occur across the deserts of northern Africa and Arabia. Little is known about the biology of these canids, especially the physiological mechanisms that contribute to their ability to live in such harsh environments. For individuals from Saudi Arabia, we tested the hypotheses that Rüppell’s foxes have a reduced basal metabolic rate and total evaporative water loss (TEWL), parameters measured in the laboratory, and a reduced field metabolic rate (FMR) and water flux when free‐living. Under basal conditions in the laboratory, males, which averaged 1,858 g in body mass, had an oxygen consumption of 914.9 mL O2/h, whereas females, which weighed on average 1,233 g, consumed 682.9 mL O2/h; rates of oxygen consumption translated to 441.4 kJ/d and 329.4 kJ/d, respectively. TEWL averaged 52.6 g H2O/d for males and 47.5 g H2O/d for females. We found no evidence that basal metabolism is reduced in Rüppell’s foxes, but their TEWL was remarkably low: 50.9% of allometric prediction for males and 64.5% for females. In the wild during winter, males expended energy at a rate of 1,306.5 kJ/d, whereas females had an expenditure of 722.8 kJ/d. Analysis of covariance with FMR as the dependent variable, sex as a fixed factor, and body mass as a covariate showed no statistical difference in FMR between sexes. Water flux did not differ significantly between sexes and averaged 123 mL H2O/d, a value 30% lower than the kit fox from the deserts of southwestern North America. FMR was positively related to nocturnal activity levels as FMR (kJ/d) = −2,900.1 + 55.5 (% of time moving). The water content of prey items varied between 1.9 and 4.1 g H2O/g dry matter consumed. Based on these values and knowledge of their diet, we calculated that foxes captured about one rodent and a variety of anthropods per night of foraging.
Cross-layer flow control to improve bandwidth utilization and fairness for short burst flows

Optical long distance and high speed networks require an effective flow control scheme better than the ordinary TCP. In this paper, we examine two cross-layer flow control schemes, XCP and XLBA especially for short burst flows. Cross-layer flow controls are essential means to optimize bandwidth utilization and fairness without severe control instability. We are proposing XLBA which eliminates feedback loops from the prospected XCP scheme. Our simulation results show that XLBA is better than XCP in comparing average throughput and fairness for most of the scenarios.
Magnocellular Pathway Impairment in Schizophrenia: Evidence from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia have been documented for several decades, but their underlying neurophysiological substrates are still poorly understood. In the visual system, the pattern of pathophysiology reported in several studies is suggestive of dysfunction within the magnocellular visual pathway beginning in early sensory cortex or even subcortically. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate further the neurophysiological bases of visual processing deficits in schizophrenia and in particular the potential role of magnocellular stream dysfunction. Sinusoidal gratings systematically varying in spatial frequency content were presented to subjects at low and high levels of contrast to differentially bias activity in magnocellular and parvocellular pathways based on well established differences in neuronal response profiles. Hemodynamic responses elicited by different spatial frequencies were mapped over the occipital lobe and then over the entire brain. Retinotopic mapping was used to localize the occipital activations with respect to the boundaries of visual areas V1 and V2, which were demarcated in each subject. Relative to control subjects, schizophrenia patients showed markedly reduced activations to low, but not high, spatial frequencies in multiple regions of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes. These findings support the hypothesis that schizophrenia is associated with impaired functioning of the magnocellular visual pathway and further suggest that these sensory processing deficits may contribute to higher-order cognitive deficits in working memory, executive functioning, and attention.
Induction of Encephalitis in Rhesus Monkeys Infused with Lymphocryptovirus-Infected B-Cells Presenting MOG34–56 Peptide

The overlapping epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the increased risk to develop MS after infectious mononucleosis (IM) and the localization of EBV-infected B-cells within the MS brain suggest a causal link between EBV and MS. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesize that EBV-infected B-cells are capable of eliciting a central nervous system (CNS) targeting autoimmune reaction. To test this hypothesis we have developed a novel experimental model in rhesus monkeys of IM-like disease induced by infusing autologous B-lymphoblastoid cells (B-LCL). Herpesvirus papio (HVP) is a lymphocryptovirus related to EBV and was used to generate rhesus monkey B-LCL. Three groups of five animals were included; each group received three intravenous infusions of B-LCL that were either pulsed with the encephalitogenic self peptide MOG34–56 (group A), a mimicry peptide (981–1003) of the major capsid protein of cytomegalovirus (CMVmcp981–1003; group B) or the citrullinated MOG34–56 (cMOG34–56; group C). Groups A and B received on day 98 a single immunization with MOG34–56 in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA). Group C monkeys were euthanized just prior to day 98 without booster immunization. We observed self-peptide-specific proliferation of T-cells, superimposed on similar strong proliferation of CD3+CD8+ T-cells against the B-LCL as observed in IM. The brains of several monkeys contained perivascular inflammatory lesions of variable size, comprising CD3+ and CD68+ cells. Moreover, clusters of CD3+ and CD20+ cells were detected in the meninges. The only evident clinical sign was substantial loss of bodyweight (>15%), a symptom observed both in early autoimmune encephalitis and IM. In conclusion, this model suggests that EBV-induced B-LCL can elicit a CNS targeting inflammatory (auto)immune reaction.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) in U.S. Latinas and Chileans: Clinical features, Ancestry Analysis, and Admixture Mapping

In the Americas, women with Indigenous American ancestry are at increased risk of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), relative to women of other ethnicities. We hypothesized that ancestry-related genetic factors contribute to this increased risk. We collected clinical and laboratory data, and performed biochemical assays on samples from U.S. Latinas and Chilean women, with and without ICP. The study sample included 198 women with ICP (90 from California, U.S., and 108 from Chile) and 174 pregnant control women (69 from California, U.S., and 105 from Chile). SNP genotyping was performed using Affymetrix arrays. We compared overall genetic ancestry between cases and controls, and used a genome-wide admixture mapping approach to screen for ICP susceptibility loci. We identified commonalities and differences in features of ICP between the 2 countries and determined that cases had a greater proportion of Indigenous American ancestry than did controls (p = 0.034). We performed admixture mapping, taking country of origin into account, and identified one locus for which Native American ancestry was associated with increased risk of ICP at a genome-wide level of significance (P = 3.1 x 10-5, Pcorrected = 0.035). This locus has an odds ratio of 4.48 (95% CI: 2.21-9.06) for 2 versus zero Indigenous American chromosomes. This locus lies on chromosome 2, with a 10 Mb 95% confidence interval which does not contain any previously identified hereditary ‘cholestasis genes. ’ Our results indicate that genetic factors contribute to the risk of developing ICP in the Americas, and support the utility of clinical and genetic studies of ethnically mixed populations for increasing our understanding of ICP.
Consultants as Institutional Entrepreneurs who try to Change Innovation Ecosystems: A Story-telling Case

This case study examines a common question for many countries and regions: how are innovation ecosystems created? Scrutinising a regional innovation ecosystem in the health technology industry, this study adopts a narrative perspective to ecosystem research that builds on the theoretical concept of institutional entrepreneurship. This research approach permits analysing how key actors produce and circulate narratives that socially construct the innovation ecosystem. These key actors are institutional entrepreneurs who try to change the values, beliefs and practices of other actors to legitimise their preferred understanding of the ecosystem. The key actor in the case study presented in this paper is a consultant and a report narrating the current state and future prospects of the innovation ecosystem.