Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A population-based study of shared genetic variation between premorbid IQ and psychosis among male twin pairs and sibling pairs from Sweden.

CONTEXT The strong association between lower IQ and risk for psychosis has led to the suggestion that the search for genes influencing cognition may provide a useful strategy for examining the genetic origins of psychosis. However, research in this area has generally used designs in which twin pairs are selected by case status and with assessment of IQ after the onset of psychosis rather than longitudinal population-based samples. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship and shared genetic origin between premorbid IQ and psychotic disorders in a longitudinal population-based cohort. DESIGN Genetically informative longitudinal study. SETTING Population-based cohort in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Individuals were identified from the population-based Swedish Multi-Generation Register and consisted of male sibling (n = 369 960), monozygotic twin (n = 1986), and dizygotic twin (n = 2253) pairs born between January 1951 and December 1976. Their IQs were measured during compulsory military conscription. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Individuals having a subsequent diagnosis of psychosis were identified via the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS Heritability estimates for IQ and psychosis were similar to previous estimates, approximately 69% and 56%, respectively. However, the phenotypic correlation between IQ and psychosis was only -0.11, of which 91% was due to shared genetic influences. The proportion of genetic variance for psychosis shared with that for IQ was approximately 7%. CONCLUSIONS Using IQ as a phenotype to identify genes that have an important role in the genetic origin of schizophrenia is unlikely to be a successful strategy. The low correlation seen in this study between premorbid IQ and psychosis vs the higher correlations reported in the literature with postmorbid IQ suggests the correlation between these phenotypes has more to do with the influence that the onset of psychosis has on cognitive functioning than with shared genetic origin.
Excess wild-type p53 blocks initiation and maintenance of simian virus 40 transformation

Wild-type (wt) murine p53 has been tested for its ability to block and reverse the transforming effects of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Established and precrisis mouse cells overexpressing exogenously introduced wt p53 became resistant to SV40 transformation. The introduction of excess wt p53 into SV40-transformed precrisis cells reverted their transformed phenotype. However, the phenotype of SV40-transformed established cells was not reverted by excess wt p53. We conclude that an antioncogenic action of wt p53 is exerted during SV40 transformation and that in precrisis cells, the antitransforming action of wt p53 can be exerted both at initiation and during the maintenance of transformation.
Gamma scintigraphic evaluation of floating gastroretentive tablets of metformin HCl using a combination of three natural polymers in rabbits

The present research was aimed at formulating a metformin HCl sustained-release formulation from a combination of polymers, using the wet granulation technique. A total of 16 formulations (F1–F16) were produced using different combinations of the gel-forming polymers: tamarind kernel powder, salep (palmate tubers of Orchis morio), and xanthan. Post-compression studies showed that there were no interactions between the active drug and the polymers. Results of in vitro drug-release studies indicated that the F10 formulation which contained 5 mg of tamarind kernel powder, 33.33 mg of xanthan, and 61.67 mg of salep could sustain a 95% release in 12 hours. The results also showed that F2 had a 55% similarity factor with the commercial formulation (C-ER), and the release kinetics were explained with zero order and Higuchi models. The in vivo study was performed in New Zealand White rabbits by gamma scintigraphy; the F10 formulation was radiolabeled using samarium (III) oxide (153Sm2O3) to trace transit of the tablets in the gastrointestinal tract. The in vivo data supported the retention of F10 formulation in the gastric region for 12 hours. In conclusion, the use of a combination of polymers in this study helped to develop an optimal gastroretentive drug-delivery system with improved bioavailability, swelling, and floating characteristics.
Uncertainty Measure of Rough Sets Based on a Knowledge Granulation for Incomplete Information Systems

Rough set theory is a relatively new mathematical tool for computer applications in circumstances characterized by vagueness and uncertainty. In this paper, we address uncertainty of rough sets for incomplete information systems. An axiom definition of knowledge granulation for incomplete information systems is obtained, under which a measure of uncertainty of a rough set is proposed. This measure has some nice properties such as equivalence, maximum and minimum. Furthermore, we prove that the uncertainty measure is effective and suitable for measuring roughness and accuracy of rough sets for incomplete information systems.
Evaluating Defect Detection Techniques for Software Requirements Inspections

Perspective-Based Reading (PBR) is a family of defect detection techniques which have been proposed to improve the effectiveness of software requirements inspections. PBR drives individual document reading by means of perspectivedependent procedural scenarios, which are different for each inspector in the team. Based on the former PBR experiments, we present a controlled experiment with more than one hundred undergraduate students who conducted software inspections as part of a university course. We tested an enhanced procedural version of PBR by comparing it ad hoc reading and checklist-based reading, and analyzing data both at the individual and team level. The experimental results do not support previous findings that PBR improves defect detection effectiveness with respect to nonsystematic reading techniques. We also investigated team composition issues by assessing the effects of combining different or identical perspectives at inspection meetings. The empirical test did not meet the assumption that different perspectives in an inspection team achieve a higher coverage of a document. Process conformance have been explicitly considered and used to check whether readers have departed from the assigned guidelines and then filter raw data. We discovered that only one fifth of PBR reviewers had actually followed their scenarios, and even many checklist reviewers had reverted back to an ad hoc reading style. From the debriefing questionnaires, we measured the reviewers’ self-assessment of the assigned reading techniques. The results revealed no relationship with the type of reading technique but the subjective evaluation was significantly related to trust in process conformance. This experiment provides evidence that process conformance issues play a critical role in the successful application of reading techniques and more generally, software process tools.
Anxiety and depression: Past, present, and future events

This article focuses on differences between anxiety and depression. The first study is concerned with the timing (past, present, future) of negative events associated with high levels of anxiety and depression in normal participants. Depression was associated more with past events than future events, whereas the opposite was the case with anxiety. These findings are consistent with those reported in several studies on clinical samples. In a second study, participants provided their emotional reactions to scenarios referring to negative events lying in the past or in the future with the future events being either uncertain or probable. Past events were associated with more depression and less anxiety than future events whether uncertain or probable. Probable future events were associated with more anxiety and depression than uncertain ones. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Factores determinantes de adopción de blended learning en educación superior. Adaptación del modelo UTAUT

El estudio analiza el uso de metodologia combinada (b-learning) en educacion superior, utilizando como marco teorico el modelo UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology). A partir de un muestreo estratificado, se conto con una muestra de 445 profesores universitarios. Se utilizo el programa AMOS.16 para el tratamiento de los datos, con analisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) para evaluar las propiedades criticas de las escalas utilizadas y validar el modelo de medicion, asi como ecuaciones de regresion lineal para valorar el efecto tanto de los constructos teoricos del modelo (Expectativa de Resultados, Expectativa de Esfuerzo, Influencia Social y Condiciones Facilitadoras), como del efecto de las variables moderadoras consideradas en el estudio (Edad, Sexo, Categoria Profesional y Rama de Conocimiento) sobre la intencion de uso de b-learning. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que UTAUT es un modelo util para explicar la intencion de los profesores de utilizar la metodologia docente combinada, mostrando un poder predictivo del conjunto de variables independientes sobre la Intencion Conductual del 35% de la varianza (R2=.349, p<0,000). Los datos indican que la Expectativa de Resultados (β=.413, p<0,001), las Condiciones Facilitadoras (β=.15, p<0,001) y la Influencia Social (β=.14, p<0,001) fueron factores determinantes de la intencion conductual de usar b-learning. Por otro lado se observo que las variables Sexo, Edad y Categoria Profesional moderan la intensidad del efecto de los factores ER, CF e IS sobre IC, mientras que la variable Rama de Conocimiento modera la intensidad del efecto de ER e IS sobre la intencion (IC). Las conclusiones destacan el aporte de este tipo de estudios para conocer mejor el proceso de implementacion de la metodologia combinada de cara a acelerarlo en los entornos universitarios.
Rule Refinement for Spoken Language Translation by Retrieving the Missing Translation of Content Words

Spoken language translation usually suffers from the missing translation of content words, failing to generate the appropriate translation. In this paper we propose a novel Mutual Information based method to improve spoken language translation by retrieving the missing translation of content words. We exploit several features that indicate how well the inner content words are translated for each rule to let MT systems select better translation rules. Experimental results show that our method can improve translation performance significantly ranging from 1.95 to 4.47 BLEU points on different test sets.
Engaging students on the topic of restorative justice and serious offenses

Within contemporary society, there is a prevailing sentiment that our criminal justice system leaves much to be desired in its responses to the offender, the victim, and the community. As a potential answer to these conceded shortcomings, restorative justice has earned significant recognition and consideration. While restorative justice principles and programs have received increasing support, for many individuals this is limited to cases involving relatively ‘minor,’ first time, and/or juvenile offenses. When it comes to situations with more ‘serious’ and violent offenses, acceptance of restorative responses dissipates. Gaining broader acceptance can be particularly challenging with current college students. With many students raised in the ‘get tough on crime’ era, embracing this alternative approach to serious crimes can be a difficult paradigm shift. This article will provide a framework for approaching the feasibility of applying restorative justice with serious offenses in the college course. In addition, suggestions for readings, projects, and assignments that will further assist in effectively engaging students with these issues will be provided.
Extracting Knowledge Tokens from Text Streams

This problem analysis paper presents our position on how could the solution be sought to the problem of extracting semantically rich fragments from a stream of plain text posts. We first present our understanding of the problem context and explain the focus of our research. Further, in the problem setting section we elaborate the workflow for knowledge extraction from incoming information tokens. This workflow is then used as a key to structure our review of the literature on the relevant component techniques which may be exploited in a combination to achieve the desired outcome. We finally outline our plan for conducting the experiments with an aim to validate the workflow and find a proper combination of the component techniques for all steps which may solve our specific research problem.
A literature review of studies evaluating gluteus maximus and gluteus medius activation during rehabilitation exercises

Recently, clinicians have focused much attention on the importance of hip strength for the rehabilitation of not only patients with low back pain but also lower extremity pathology. Properly designing a rehabilitation program for the gluteal muscles requires careful consideration of biomechanical principles, such as length of the external moment arm, gravity, and subject positioning. Understanding the anatomy and function of these muscles also is essential. Electromyography (EMG) provides a useful means to determine muscle activation levels during specific exercises. Descriptions of specific exercises, as they relate to the gluteal muscles, are described. The specific performance of these exercises, the reliability of such EMG measures, and descriptive figures are also detailed. Of utmost importance to practicing clinicians is the interpretation of such data and how it can be best used in exercise prescription when formulating a treatment plan.
Characterization of the cell surface receptor for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor

125I-labeled recombinant human GM-CSF was used to identify and characterize receptors specific for this lymphokine on both a mature primary cell, human neutrophils, and on the undifferentiated promyelomonocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60. Human GM-CSF also bound to primary human monocytes and to the myelogenous leukemia cell line, KG- 1, but not to any of the murine cells known to express the murine GM- CSF receptor. In addition, although some murine T lymphomas can express the GM-CSF receptor, none of the human cell lines of T cell lineage that we examined bound iodinated human GM-CSF. Binding to all cell types was specific and saturable. Equilibrium binding studies revealed that on all cell types examined, GM-CSF bound to a single class of high affinity receptor (100-500 receptors per cell) with a Ka of 10(9)- 10(10)/M. More extensive characterization with neutrophils and HL-60 cells showed that in both cases, binding of GM-CSF was rapid at 37 degrees C with a slow subsequent dissociation rate that exhibited marked biphasic kinetics. Among a panel of lymphokines and growth hormones, only human GM-CSF could compete for binding of human 125I-GM- CSF to these cells. GM-CSF can not only stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte/macrophage precursor cells, but can modulate the functional activity of mature granulocytes and macrophages as well. No significant differences in the kinetic parameters of receptor binding were seen between mature neutrophils and the undifferentiated promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60, indicating that maturation-specific responses to GM-CSF are not mediated by overt changes in the binding characteristics of the hormone for its receptor.
Joint UD Parsing of Norwegian Bokmål and Nynorsk

This paper investigates interactions in parser performance for the two ofﬁcial standards for written Norwegian: Bokmål and Nynorsk. We demonstrate that while applying models across standards yields poor performance, combining the training data for both standards yields better results than previously achieved for each of them in isolation. This has immediate practical value for processing Norwegian, as it means that a single parsing pipeline is suf-ﬁcient to cover both varieties, with no loss in accuracy. Based on the Norwegian Universal Dependencies treebank we present results for multiple taggers and parsers, experimenting with different ways of varying the training data given to the learners, including the use of machine translation.
The Myth of the M-Form? Governance, Consent, and Organizational Change

Efficiency accounts of the firm arghe that the multidivisional governance structure (M-form) arose and succeeded because it reduced costs by creating a clear distinction between strategic and tactical planning. Examining new evidence in the paradigmatic case of General Motors (GM), this article shows that such approaches are poorly equipped to explain changes in the M-form. For most of its history, GM intentionally violated the axioms of efficient organization to create managerial consent. The GM case suggests that the textbook M-form may actually undermine order within the firm, thus leading to organizational decline.
Benchmarking of constant power generation strategies for single-phase grid-connected Photovoltaic systems

With a still increase of grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) systems, challenges have been imposed on the grid due to the continuous injection of a large amount of fluctuating PV power, like overloading the grid infrastructure (e.g., transformers) during peak power production periods. Hence, advanced active power control methods are required. As a cost-effective solution to avoid overloading, a Constant Power Generation (CPG) control scheme by limiting the feed-in power has been introduced into the currently active grid regulations. In order to achieve a CPG operation, this paper proposes three CPG strategies based on: 1) a power control (P-CPG), 2) a current limit method (I-CPG) and 3) the Perturb and Observe algorithm (P&O-CPG). However, the operational mode changes (e.g., from the maximum power point tracking to a CPG operation) will affect the entire system performance. Thus, a benchmarking of the proposed CPG strategies is also conducted on a 3-kW single-phase grid-connected PV system. Comparisons reveal that either the P-CPG or I-CPG strategies can achieve fast dynamics and satisfactory steady-state performance. In contrast, the P&OCPG algorithm is the most suitable solution in terms of high robustness, but it presents poor dynamic performance.
Toward a Definition of Heritage Language: Sociopolitical and Pedagogical Considerations

Foreign language enrollments in the United States are experiencing a shift from the traditional European foreign languages toward the less commonly taught languages. Moreover, increasing numbers of students now have some degree of bilingual proficiency in the language that they are studying. As a result, much recent attention has been given to the issue of heritage language instruction by both researchers in applied linguistics and practitioners in language pedagogy. This article argues that the concepts of "heritage language" and "heritage learner" need clarification and should be placed within a larger national policy perspective. Pedagogical and sociopolitical issues surrounding the current heritage language debate are examined from a crosscultural and historical perspective. The article ends with some specific policy recommendations for the role of heritage languages and foreign languages within the current strategic context.
Effect of rosuvastatin on progression of carotid intima-media thickness in low-risk individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis: the METEOR Trial.

CONTEXT Atherosclerosis is often advanced before symptoms appear and it is not clear whether treatment is beneficial in middle-aged individuals with a low Framingham risk score (FRS) and mild to moderate subclinical atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To assess whether statin therapy could slow progression and/or cause regression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) over 2 years. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Measuring Effects on Intima-Media Thickness: an Evaluation of Rosuvastatin [METEOR]) of 984 individuals, with either age (mean, 57 years) as the only coronary heart disease risk factor or a 10-year FRS of less than 10%, modest CIMT thickening (1.2-<3.5 mm), and elevated LDL cholesterol (mean, 154 mg/dL); conducted at 61 primary care centers in the United States and Europe between August 2002 and May 2006. INTERVENTION Participants received either a 40-mg dose of rosuvastatin or placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Rate of change in maximum CIMT (assessed with B-mode ultrasound) for 12 carotid sites; changes in maximum CIMT of the common carotid artery, carotid bulb, and internal carotid artery sites and in mean CIMT of the common carotid artery sites. CIMT regression was assessed in the rosuvastatin group only. RESULTS Among participants in the rosuvastatin group, the mean (SD) baseline LDL cholesterol level of 155 (24.1) mg/dL declined to 78 (27.5) mg/dL, a mean reduction of 49% (P<.001 vs placebo group). The change in maximum CIMT for the 12 carotid sites was -0.0014 (95% CI, -0.0041 to 0.0014) mm/y for the rosuvastatin group vs 0.0131 (95% CI, 0.0087-0.0174) mm/y for the placebo group (P<.001). The change in maximum CIMT for the rosuvastatin group was -0.0038 (95% CI, -0.0064 to -0.0013) mm/y for the common carotid artery sites (P<.001), -0.0040 (95% CI, -0.0090 to 0.0010) mm/y for the carotid bulb sites (P<.001), and 0.0039 (95% CI, -0.0009 to 0.0088) mm/y for the internal carotid artery sites (P = .02). The change in mean CIMT for the rosuvastatin group for the common carotid artery sites was 0.0004 (95% CI, -0.0011 to 0.0019) mm/y (P<.001). All P values are vs placebo group. Overall, rosuvastatin was well tolerated with infrequent serious adverse cardiovascular events (6 participants [0.86%] had 8 events [1.1%] over 2 years). CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged adults with an FRS of less than 10% and evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis, rosuvastatin resulted in statistically significant reductions in the rate of progression of maximum CIMT over 2 years vs placebo. Rosuvastatin did not induce disease regression. Larger, longer-term trials are needed to determine the clinical implications of these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00225589
Understanding the genetic predisposition to anorexia nervosa

The aim of this article is to review the current evidence for a genetic component of susceptibility to anorexia nervosa. We discuss the historical data that gave rise to the theory of a genetic component underlying susceptibility to anorexia nervosa and discuss the relative importance of the assumptions made. We illustrate through reference to more recent studies the type of approach that will be required to determine the genes involved in this underlying genetic susceptibility and summarise the story so far. There is now supporting data consistent with the theory that a genetic component is involved in the susceptibility to anorexia nervosa. However, it is clear that further studies involving larger numbers of subjects are required in order to clarify these recent findings. The current case–control association studies may go some way towards describing the genetic component of anorexia nervosa. However, it is important to accept that replication in independent study cohorts will be required before the rest of the scientific world will accept the current evidence. A world-wide study is currently under way. It allows patient cohorts from different countries to be compared. We hope that it will enable us to understand more clearly the genetics of this complex disorder. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and Eating Disorders Association.