Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Chemokine Expression and Excessive Neutrophil Infiltration in the Lungs of Burn-Injured Mice Exposed to Ethanol and Pulmonary Infection

Pulmonary infections are a major cause of mortality in the critically ill burn patient. Alcohol consumption before burn increases the risk of pulmonary infection. Previously, we have shown an elevated mortality and lung pathology in mice given ethanol before burn and intratracheal infection relative to controls. Here we examine the cellular composition at 24 and 48 h in the circulation and the alveoli of infected mice given alcohol and burn. At 24 h after injury, blood neutrophils obtained from mice exposed to ethanol before burn and infection were 2-fold above those of the experimental controls (P < 0.05). By 48 h, the number of circulating neutrophils decreased and was comparable to levels found in untreated animals. Moreover, at 24 h, bronchoalveolar lavage cells obtained from all treatment groups had similar frequencies and contained 80% neutrophils regardless of treatment. In contrast, the following day, neutrophils were elevated 2-fold only in the alveoli of infected burn animals and 5-fold when ethanol preceded the injury (P < 0.05). These data were confirmed by immunofluorescence microscopy using a neutrophil-specific marker (P < 0.05). Levels of neutrophil chemoattractants, KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2, and the cytokine, IL-1&bgr;, were 2-fold greater in the lungs of infected mice given burn, regardless of ethanol exposure, relative to infected sham injured animals (P < 0.05). Like the number of neutrophils, by the second day after injury, KC and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 remained 5-fold higher in the animals given ethanol, burn, and infection, when compared with other groups (P < 0.05). A similar pattern was seen for pulmonary levels of IL-1&bgr; (P < 0.05). Additionally, a reduction in neutrophil apoptosis was observed at the 24-h time point in infected mice exposed to ethanol and burn (P < 0.05). Targeting proinflammatory mediators in mice exposed to ethanol before burn and infection may help alleviate prolonged neutrophil accumulation in the lungs.
The biosynthesis of porphyrins from porphobilinogen by Rhodopseudomonas spheroides.

respiratory particles prepared from the mosquito Aedea aegypti L. 2. Addition of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid to the isolation medium and of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid and albuimin either to the washing liquid or to the assay medium has been found obligatory for the exchange reaction. 3. The effect of nucleotides, respiratory inhibitors and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation on the exchange reaction and on the adenosme triphosphate activity has been investigated. 4. Quantitative differences exist between the response of insect and ammalian respiratory particles to 1:1:1-trichloro-2:2-di-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT). 0 1 mm-DDT inhibits the exchange reaction by more than 50% in insect sarcosomes whereas the inhibition in mammalian liver mitochondria is less than 10 %.
Visual-tracking neurons in area MST are activated during anticipatory pursuit eye movements

Here, I report that rhesus monkeys are able to generate anticipatory smooth pursuit eye movements in the transient absence of a moving target, if this target moves periodically. The eye velocity before target reappearance was significantly larger if the target trajectory was predictable compared with the control condition consisting of unpredictable target trajectory. Parallel to the registration of the eye movements, single-unit activity was recorded from neurons in the middle superior temporal (MST) area of the two monkeys. The neuronal activity of visual-tracking neurons resembled the observed eye movements, i.e. these neurons increased their activity earlier if the movement of the target was predictable compared with the unpredictable control. These results provide further evidence for the existence of extra-retinal signals in the activity of visual-tracking neurons located in area MST.
Lithium and Triiodothyronine Augmentation of Antidepressants

Objective: To evaluate the relative benefits of the combination of lithium and triiodothyronine (T3) in augmentation of antidepressants, compared with either lithium or T3 alone. Methods: We performed a 2-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the addition of lithium compared with T3 compared with the combination of both in subjects with major depressive disorder who had not responded to an antidepressant. Results: All groups improved significantly over the 2 weeks of treatment, but there were no significant between-group differences. Conclusion: There may be no advantage to a combination of these augmenting agents, although we failed to show separation between active treatments and placebo.
Loop-Free Routing in Low-Power and Lossy Networks

—IPv6 based Low-Power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are emerging. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has developed an IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL), which is widely considered as a feasible routing protocol for LLNs. However, routing loops and lack of a loop-free local route repair mechanism are two major open issues to be addressed in RPL. Based on the framework of RPL, this paper proposes a Loop-Free Routing Protocol for LLNs (LRPL). We provide an innovative rank computation method and a loop-free local route repair mechanism to eliminate routing loops in RPL. Simulation results show that the proposed LRPL performs much better than conventional routing protocols in terms of packet delivery rate, end-to-end packet delay, and routing overhead.
IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts

Background Disability benefits and sick leave benefits represents huge costs in western countries. The pathways and prognostic factors for receiving these benefits seen in recent years are complex and manifold. We postulate that mental health and IQ, both alone and concurrent, influence subsequent employment status, disability benefits and mortality. Methods A cohort of 918 888 Norwegian men was followed for 16 years from the age of 20 to 55. Risk for health benefits, emigration, and mortality were studied. Indicators of mental health and IQ at military enrolment were used as potential risk factors. Multi-state models were used to analyze transitions between employment, sick leave, time limited benefits, disability benefits, emigration, and mortality. Results During follow up, there were a total of 3 908 397 transitions between employment and different health benefits, plus 12 607 deaths. Men with low IQ (below 85), without any mental health problems at military enrolment, had an increased probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.88–4.26) compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. For men with both low IQ and mental health problems, there was an excessive probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 14.37, 95% CI: 13.59–15.19), as well as an increased probability for time limited benefits and death before the age of 35 compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. Conclusion Low IQ and mental health problems are strong predictors of future disability benefits and early mortality for young men.
Organic Crop Management Enhances Chicoric Acid Content in Lettuce

L- chicoric acid is a dominant phenolic compound in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and has been shown to accumulate in response to many abiotic stresses and crop management practices. It is a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) integrase needed for the replication of this virus and for the productive infection of the host cell. L- chicoric acid has been found to act synergistically in combination with anti-HIV drugs used for treating acquired immuno-deficiency disorder (AIDS). We show in this study that organic management practices increase the chicoric acid content by nearly 2-fold compared to conventional management practices while they did not have a significant effect on the overall accumulation of phenolic compounds and antioxidants. Similar increase was observed in quercetin-3-O-glucoside under organic management. In addition, pre-plant fertilization decreased the levels of many phenolic compounds including chicoric acid under organic management unlike under conventional management. However, organically managed crop without pre-plant fertilization had better growth and produced about 2.5 times higher yield and higher chicoric acid content than did the conventionally managed crop. Thus, the results show that long term organic crop management practices, but avoiding pre-plant fertilization, can significantly enhance the yield of antiretroviral agent chicoric acid in lettuce.
The Direct Yaw-moment Control to follow the neutral steering path regardless of velocity

By using differential force between left and right wheel, lateral motion can be controlled known as Direct Yaw-moment Control (DYC). In previous researches, DYC control is proposed to increase the stability of the vehicle, but maneuverability has not been discussed sufficiently. The car handling condition which is called the index parameter of maneuverability is dependent on the vehicle velocity. To achieve the desired vehicle's cornering path, the car handling condition must be considered sufficiently. In this paper, the novel DYC method is proposed which gives the car handling condition regardless of the longitudinal speed. The proposed controller is based on the PI controller to feedback the curvature parameter. The controlled system shows the advantages of DYC regarding to the reference trajectory by the dual motor system. With respect to the uncontrolled model, the effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by numerical examples.
Immunoblot analysis using antigen from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci in the diagnosis of swine cysticercosis.

Se utilizo la tecnica del inmunoblot para el diagnostico de la cisticercosis porcina usando un antigeno total de cisticercos de Taenia crassiceps. Fueron analizados 13 sueros del cerdo con cisticercosis, 30 sueros controles negativos y ocho sueros del cerdo con hidatidosis, asi como nueve del suino con macracantorincosis, 10 con ascaridiosis y ocho con pulmonia. El uso de este antigeno en el inmunoblot con suero de cerdos no se habia publicado previamente. El inmunoblot fue padronizado por analisis de titulacion en bloque mostrando 100.0% de sensibilidad y 96.7% de especificidad. Los peptidos especificos para la cisticercosis en orden de frecuencia fueron: 72-68 kD (100%), 16-15 kD (77%), 39-36 kD (62%), 18-17 kD (54%), 21 kD (31%), 14 kD (23%), 25-23 kD (8%), y 20-19 kD (8%). Reaccion cruzada (72-68 y 18-17 kD) solo se descubrio en una muestra (12.5%) de cerdo con hidatidosis. Debido a sus altas tasas de desempeno, el inmunoblot debe ser util para confirmar el diagnostico de cisticercosis porcina y es mas eficaz que otras pruebas empleadas para este proposito, como examen de la lengua, examen anatomopatologico y ELISA
The association between depressive symptoms and executive control impairments in response to emotional and non-emotional information

Depression has been linked with impaired executive control and specific impairments in inhibition of negative material. To date, only a few studies have examined the relationship between depressive symptoms and executive functions in response to emotional information. Using a new paradigm, the Affective Shift Task (AST), the present study examined whether depressive symptoms in general, and rumination specifically, are related to impairments in inhibition and set shifting in response to emotional and non-emotional material. The main finding was that depressive symptoms in general were not related to inhibition. Set-shifting impairments were only observed in moderate to severely depressed individuals. Interestingly, rumination was related to inhibition impairments, specifically when processing negative information, as well as impaired set shifting as reflected in a larger shift cost. These results are discussed in relation to cognitive views on vulnerability for depression.
BIST for embedded static RAMs with coverage calculation

The implementation of deterministic RAM self-test algorithms turns out to be very area-consuming when a single ASIC contains many small, deeply embedded RAMs. Therefore, we have opted to reuse and modify the existing functional logic and to use a combined deterministic pseudo-random self-test strategy. A novel fault coverage calculation method for this self-test strategy has been developed. The method is easy to use because it is fully integrated in a hardware description language based design environment. Results for a chip set for broadband ISDN show that the combination of pseudo-random data generation and deterministic addressing of the RAMs provides high fault coverage results. Circuitry overhead varies between 2 and 14% of the RAM surface. <<ETX>>
Mycophenolic Acid May Delay Allograft Fibrosis by Inhibiting Transforming Growth Factor-&bgr;1-Induced Activation of Nox-2 Through the Nuclear Factor-&kgr;B Pathway

Background. We evaluated the role of renal tubular Nox-2 in the pathogenesis of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney allografts. Methods. We examined this question in the human kidney allografts with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy not otherwise specified (IFTANOS), in the Fisher to Lewis rat transplant model, and in the in vitro model of transforming growth factor-&bgr;1-induced EMT in normal rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK52E). Results. We first demonstrated that Nox-2 and &agr;-smooth muscle actin (SMA) were increased in renal tubules from kidney transplant recipients on calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolic acid (MPA), and prednisone with IFTANOS, suggestive of EMT (n=6). Next, we examined Nox-2 expression and fibrogenesis in syngeneic transplants, allogeneic transplants treated with MPA 40 mg/kg per 24 hr, and untreated allogeneic transplants for 6 months (n=14 in each group). Immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical studies for Nox-2, &agr;-SMA, and E-cadherin showed that similar to patients with IFTANOS, rat allografts had greater tubulointerstitial staining for Nox-2 and &agr;-SMA. MPA therapy prevented these changes. Immunoblot analyses examining Nox-2 signaling (phospho-nuclear factor [NF]-&kgr;B), redox signaling (phospho-smad2), and fibrosis (&agr;-SMA and fibronectin) demonstrated that MPA treatment prevented the up-regulation of Nox-2, inhibited p-NF-&kgr;B and p-smad2, and down-regulated &agr;-SMA and fibronectin levels. Finally, we examined Nox-2 signaling in vitro and confirmed that MPA inhibited phospho-NF-&kgr;B, Nox-2, phospho-smad2, and &agr;-SMA during transforming growth factor-&bgr;1-induced EMT of NRK52E cells while reducing Nox-2, vimentin, and fibronectin mRNA levels. Conclusions. MPA may down-regulate Nox-2 activation and EMT through the NF-&kgr;B pathway in the tubular epithelial cells, suggesting a novel role for this drug independent of its immunosuppressive properties.
First and subsequent cycle use of pegfilgrastim prevents febrile neutropenia in patients with breast cancer: a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study.

PURPOSE We evaluated the efficacy of pegfilgrastim to reduce the incidence of febrile neutropenia associated with docetaxel in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or pegfilgrastim 6 mg subcutaneously on day 2 of each 21-day chemotherapy cycle of 100 mg/m(2) docetaxel. The primary end point was the percentage of patients developing febrile neutropenia (defined as body temperature >/= 38.2 degrees C and neutrophil count < 0.5 x 10(9)/L on the same day of the fever or the day after). Secondary end points were incidence of hospitalizations associated with a diagnosis of febrile neutropenia, intravenous (IV) anti-infectives required for febrile neutropenia, and the ability to maintain planned chemotherapy dose on time. Patients with febrile neutropenia were converted to open-label pegfilgrastim in subsequent cycles. RESULTS Nine hundred twenty-eight patients received placebo (n = 465) or pegfilgrastim (n = 463). Patients receiving pegfilgrastim, compared with patients receiving placebo, had a lower incidence of febrile neutropenia (1% v 17%, respectively; P < .001), febrile neutropenia-related hospitalization (1% v 14%, respectively; P < .001), and use of IV anti-infectives (2% v 10%, respectively; P < .001). The percentage of patients receiving the planned dose on time was similar between patients receiving pegfilgrastim and patients who initially received placebo (80% and 78%, respectively), as would be expected of the study design. Pegfilgrastim was generally well tolerated and safe, and the adverse events reported were typical of this patient population. CONCLUSION First and subsequent cycle use of pegfilgrastim with a moderately myelosuppressive chemotherapy regimen markedly reduced febrile neutropenia, febrile neutropenia-related hospitalizations, and IV anti-infective use.
Children's Interpersonal Trust: Sensitivity to Lying, Deception and Promise Violations

Social philosophers during the course of history and modern day researchers have expressed the belief that interpersonal trust is essential for harmonious and co-operative relationships among people. Interpersonal trust has been described as the social cement that binds interpersonal relationships in society and is necessary for its survival. This book provides researchers and professionals who deal with children with an insight into a critical facet of children's social functioning. Interpersonal trust is conceptualized as children's confidence that a person's verbal or nonverbal coomunication accurately conveys facts or internal states. This includes children's sensitivity to lying, deception and promise violations.
Applying Sparse KPCA for Feature Extraction in Speech Recognition

This paper presents an analysis of the applicability of Sparse Kernel Principal Component Analysis (SKPCA) for feature extraction in speech recognition, as well as, a proposed approach to make the SKPCA technique realizable for a large amount of training data, which is an usual context in speech recognition systems. Although the KPCA (Kernel Principal Component Analysis) has proved to be an efficient technique for being applied to speech recognition, it has the disadvantage of requiring training data reduction, when its amount is excessively large. This data reduction is important to avoid computational unfeasibility and/or an extremely high computational burden related to the feature representation step of the training and the test data evaluations. The standard approach to perform this data reduction is to randomly choose frames from the original data set, which does not necessarily provide a good statistical representation of the original data set. In order to solve this problem a likelihood related re-estimation procedure was applied to the KPCA framework, thus creating the SKPCA, which nevertheless is not realizable for large training databases. The proposed approach consists in clustering the training data and applying to these clusters a SKPCA like data reduction technique generating the reduced data clusters. These reduced data clusters are merged and reduced in a recursive procedure until just one cluster is obtained, making the SKPCA approach realizable for a large amount of training data. The experimental results show the efficiency of SKPCA technique with the proposed approach over the KPCA with the standard sparse solution using randomly chosen frames and the standard feature extraction techniques.
Synthesis and Anti‐neuroinflammatory Activity of Lactone Benzoyl Hydrazine and 2‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐Indole Derivatives as p38α MAPK Inhibitors

Inhibition of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) would allow significant modulation of the neuroinflammation condition associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inspired from the pharmacophore of natural NF‐κB and p38α MAPK inhibitor 5,6‐dehydrokawain and p38α MAPK inhibitors 1a, 1‐pyrazolyl‐3‐(4‐((2‐anilinopyrimidin‐4‐yl)oxy)napththalen‐1‐yl)ureas, and 1b, a class of indole–pyrimidinyl compounds which were patented respectively, we designed, de novo synthesized, and evaluated two kinds of novel series of lactone benzoyl hydrazine derivatives and 2‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐indole derivatives in an effort to develop pharmacologically tractable agents to alleviate the progression of AD. Fourteen of the seventeen synthesized compounds exhibit significant inhibitory effect on the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced microglia activation with IC50 less than the control 5,6‐dehydrokawain. Notably, compound 27, 6‐methoxy‐2‐nitro‐1‐(1H‐1, 2, 3‐triazol‐1‐yl)‐1H‐indole, with IC50 values of 1.6 μm can markedly inhibit p38α MAPK and NO release in BV‐2 microglial cells. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulations demonstrate that compound 27 inhibits p38α MAPK through binding to the Glu71 and Asp168 residues. Moreover, in vitro study shows that all compounds can easily cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and did not exhibit any acute cellular toxicity checked by MTT assay. These investigations provide promising chemical lead candidate as anti‐neuroinflammatory agents for AD.
Representing Clinical Information using SNOMED Clinical Terms with Different Structural Information Models

Findings related to developing implementation specifications for the use of SNOMED Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) in both HL7 and openEHR information models are summarized and compared. Common themes from this work, including overlaps between the expressivity of structure and terminology, are identified and discussed. Distinctions are made between aspects of meaning that are most readily represented by distinct structures, others where terminology offers greater flexibility and a 'gray-area' in which the relative merits are more balanced. Focusing on particular stages in the clinical information life cycle may suggest different points of balance and may lead to different approaches to integration. However, greater consistency is essential if clinical information is to be used effectively in electronic record systems. Consensus guidance documents of the type developed by the work described are only a first step. Mutually aware evolutionary refinement of structural and terminology standards is suggested as an enhancement to independent development.
Semantic depth of field

We present a new technique called Semantic Depth of Field (SDOF) as an alternative approach to focus-and-context displays of information. We utilize a well-known method from photography and cinematography (depth-of-field effect) for information visualization, which is to blur different parts of the depicted scene in dependence of their relevance. Independent of their spatial locations, objects of interest are depicted sharply in SDOF, whereas the context of the visualization is blurred. In this paper, we present a flexible model of SDOF which can be easily adopted to various types of applications. We discuss pros and cons of the new technique, give examples of application, and describe a fast prototype implementation of SDOF.