Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Events that Sustained the Crisis in Indonesia

This research aims to uncover the forces that led to the intense nature of the 1997 financial crisis in Indonesia. While the crisis struck many countries in Asia, Indonesia was particularly hard hit. By examining the how the Jakarta Stock Exchange and the Indonesian Rupiah reacted to news events during the crisis, this research seeks to identify which kind of news events where most responsible for Indonesia’s volatility during the crisis. Where market players taking cues from the IMF and external credit rating agencies during the crisis or were they responding to events inside of Indonesia? The core data for this research are daily rupiah-U.S. dollar exchange rates and Jakarta Stock Market index quotes from July 1997 until October 1999. To analyze the variation in the data, news variables based on the Dow Jones News Service and other news outlets are used. Three main methods are used to analyze the interaction between markets and news. First I identify a set of key events using headlines from the New York Times. For each event I analyze the movements of markets during that period. Next rather than start with top news stories, the top 50 market movements for both the rupiah and Jakarta Stock Exchange are identified. The news events behind these movements are analyzed to determine which types of news (political, policyrelated, international, civil unrest, etc.) drove the markets during this tumultuous period. Lastly indicator variables representing the various types of news are regressed separately on the daily quotes for the rupiah and the stock exchange. This gives a more exact measure of the impact of each type of news category. Testing for changes in the regression coefficients over time allows me to identify the most intense part of the crisis. A consistent picture of the crisis emerges from these three methodologies. First we see that the rupiah is more volatile than the Jakarta Stock Exchange index. The currency responds vigorously to both good and bad news while the stock market is less affected by bad news and consistently buoyed by good news. While the stock market may have lost considerable value because of the declining exchange rate, that aside, the market seemed to do relatively well considering the severity of the crisis. The importance of domestic news events also stands out. Although the announcements of international agencies like the IMF and World Bank were an important part of the crisis, the three key sources of domestic news have larger impacts: politics, policy, and civil unrest. This research shows that many of the events that sustained the crisis where not external to Indonesia. This research is able to give quantitative credence to the popular idea that Indonesia’s crisis transformed over time from a financial/economic crisis to a political/social crisis.
The Mystique of Water Pricing and Accounting

This article considers the pricing and accounting conventions of government-controlled water entities in the state of Victoria, Australia. These conventions are guided by principles of cost-reflective pricing, public sector accountability and comparability of private and public sector performance. We observe how Victorian water entity prices and their reported performance are shaped by government accounting policy discretion, and the result of various compromises between economic and political considerations. By bringing these issues to light, we hope to keep political decision-making about water infrastructure and water pricing in check.
Amphotropic host range of naturally occuring wild mouse leukemia viruses

Seven murine leukemia virus field isolates (uncloned) from wild mice (Musmusculus) of four widely separated areas in southern California show an unusually wide in vitro host range. They replicate well in human, feline, canine, guinea pig, rabbit, rat, and mouse cells, whereas bovine, hamster, and avian cells are resistant. Since this host range includes that of both mouse tropic (ecotropic) and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses, they are designated as "amphotropic". No purely xenotropic virus component is detectable in these field isolates. They may represent the "wild" or ancestral viruses from which the ecotropic and xenotrophic murine leukemia virus strains of laboratory mice have been derived.
Is cerebral perfusion pressure a major determinant of cerebral blood flow during head elevation in comatose patients with severe intracranial lesions?

OBJECT Head elevation as a treatment for lower intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with intracranial hypertension has been challenged in recent years. Therefore, the authors studied the effect of head position on cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe head injury. METHODS The effect of 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees head elevation on ICP, cerebral blood flow (CBF), systemic arterial (PsaMonro) and jugular bulb (Pj) pressures calibrated to the level of the foramen of Monro, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and the arteriovenous pressure gradient (PsaMonro - Pj) was studied in 37 patients who were comatose due to severe intracranial lesions. The CBF decreased gradually with head elevation from 0 to 45 degrees, from 46.3+/-4.8 to 28.7+/-2.3 ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1) (mean +/- standard error, p<0.01), and the PsaMonro - Pj from 80+/-3 to 73+/-3 mm Hg (p< 0.01). The CPP remained stable between 0 degrees and 30 degrees of head elevation, at 62+/-3 mm Hg, and decreased from 62+/-3 to 57+/-4 mm Hg between 30 degrees and 45 degrees (p<0.05). A simulation showed that the 38% decrease in CBF between 0 degrees and 45 degrees resulted from PsaMonro - Pj changes for 19% of the decrease, from a diversion of the venous drainage from the internal jugular veins to vertebral venous plexus for 15%, and from CPP changes for 4%. CONCLUSIONS During head elevation the arteriovenous pressure gradient is the major determinant of CBF. The influence of CPP on CBF decreases from 0 to 45 degrees of head elevation.
Why Are CFO Insider Trades More Informative?

Purpose - – The authors examine whether the stronger information content of chief financial officer (CFO) insider trading relative to that of chief executive officers (CEOs) results from a different willingness to exploit the information asymmetry that exists between executives and outside shareholders (scrutiny hypothesis) or from differing financial acumen between CFOs and CEOs (financial acumen hypothesis). The authors consider the information content of equity purchases for CEOs and CFOs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach - – The authors examine purchase-based insider trading portfolio returns before and after the implementation of SOX in firms with high versus low regulation, for routine and opportunistic managers, and in samples of CEOs with prior CFO experience. Findings - – The authors provide evidence that SOX affected executives differently and provide support for the scrutiny hypothesis. CFO-based portfolios remain the most profitable post-SOX, but the magnitude of returns has fallen in absolute and relative terms compared to returns for CEOs. Superior financial acumen of CFOs does not appear to be supported. CEO purchase trade returns appear to be lower than CFO returns because CEOs face greater visibility and scrutiny and thus limit their own trading aggressiveness. Originality/value - – This research contributes to the literature in explaining why CFOs best CEOs in their insider trading purchases and documents that in the post-SOX period, CFO insider trading superiority disappears.
Parallel multi-context architecture with high-speed synchronization mechanism

Current interest in parallel processing architecture is focused on compatibility of extracting parallelism and improving processor utilisation. The authors propose a new parallel processing architecture called CODA which can attain a high processor utilization while extracting parallelism effectively. CODA is based on single-thread pipeline architecture with advanced instruction fetch, which uses processors efficiently. Synchronization can be performed implicitly at a register reading to provide high-speed fine-grain synchronization effectively. CODA also has a hardware multi-context support which reduces the cost of context switch caused by synchronization. Synchronization and packet communication ability are effectively integrated into an execution pipeline by an instruction insertion mechanism. <<ETX>>
Market orientation, learning orientation, and the performance of nonprofit organisations (NPOs)

Purpose - Nonprofit organisations (NPOs) are challenged with continuous change, which provides the impetus for adopting organisational change models. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of the adoption of market and learning orientations on NPO performance. Design/methodology/approach - The authors draw on extant management literature to theorise the interrelationship between market orientation, learning orientation, and economic and non-economic NPO performance. Using a survey design, the authors draw a convenience sample of 118 NPOs in Ghana to test their theoretisation. Findings - Evidence is found that although the relationship between market orientation and NPO performance is significant (on both economic and non-economic indicators), what best accounts for enhanced performance is learning orientation. Additionally, non-economic performance mediates the relationship between learning orientation and economic performance. Research limitations/implications - Replicating the study with larger samples, using objective performance data, and applying more rigorous approach to data analysis, among other things, could significantly improve the generalisability of the results. Practical implications - NPO managers are reminded that non-economic performance (e.g. service or program effectiveness) represents part of the underlying mechanism through which the financial assurances of market and learning orientations can be exploited. Originality/value - The paper builds on the market orientation literature by theorising and demonstrating empirically a route through which market orientation is related to the firm's financial performance.
Active absorption of Na+ and Cl- across the gill epithelium of the shore crab Carcinus maenas: voltage-clamp and ion-flux studies

Mechanisms of active NaCl uptake across the posterior gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas were examined using radiochemical and electrophysiological techniques. In order to measure short-circuit current (Isc), transepithelial conductance (Gte) and area-related unidirectional fluxes of Na+ and Cl-, single split gill lamellae (epithelium plus cuticle) of hyperregulating shore crabs were mounted in a modified Ussing chamber. The negative short-circuit current measured with haemolymph-like NaCl saline on both sides of the epithelium could be inhibited by application of basolateral ouabain (ouabain inhibitor constant KOua=56±10 µmol l-1), 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid (NPPB; KNPPB=7.5±2.5 mmol l-1) or Cs+ (10 mmol l-1). From the apical side, Isc was nearly completely blocked by Cs+ (10 mmol l-1) or Ba2+ (15 µmol l-1), whereas apical addition of furosemide (1 mmol l-1) resulted in only a small current decrease. Cl- influxes were linearly related to negative Isc. The ratio between net influxes of Cl- and Na+ was found to be approximately 2:1. With a single membrane preparation, achieved by permeabilizing the basolateral membrane with amphotericin B, Cl- influxes which were driven by a concentration gradient were shown to depend on the presence of apical Na+ and K+. On the basis of these observations, we propose that active and electrogenic absorption of NaCl across the gill epithelium of hyperregulating shore crabs proceeds as in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop in the mammalian nephron. Accordingly, branchial NaCl transport is mediated by apical K+ channels in cooperation with apical Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporters and by the basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase and basolateral Cl- channels.
CEO SUCCESSION, HONING, AND ENTERPRISING: A PROMISING WAY TO ACHIEVE SMALL BUSINESS PERFORMANCE?

This study examines CEO succession in small firms and the impact of CEO honing and enterprising competence on firm performance within a contingency framework. In a study of 162 small firms, we hypothesize that a newly appointed CEO will bring entrepreneurship to its small firms, but the results do not support this. Instead, the results indicate that a new CEO tends to introduce honing in the firm. Only CEO market enterprising had a direct relation to better performance. However, we find several instances of moderation effects attributable to strategic competence, environmental uncertainty, and the nature of tasks in the company.
On some excess-based solution concepts of a cooperative game of pursuit

We study a group pursuit game with players - an evader and m pursuers - moving on a plane with bounded velocities. The game is nonzero-sum. The Nash equilibrium is proposed as a solution of the game. We construct a cooperative version of this game and show that its core is not empty. In addition, we consider a particular case when the evader is symmetrically surrounded by the pursuers. The analytical formulas for calculating the nucleolus and the SM-nucleolus are verified. Finally, we give an example that illustrates the results.
Application of artificial neural network for switching loss modeling in power IGBTs

The modeling of switching loss in semiconductor power devices is important in practice for the prediction and evaluation of thermal safety and system reliability. Both simulation-based behavioral models and data processing-based empirical models are difficult and have limited applications. Although the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm has often been used for modeling, it has never been used for modeling insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) transient loss. In this paper, we attempt to use the ANN method for this purpose, using a customized switching loss test bench. We compare its performance with two conventional curve-fitting models and verify the results by experiment. Our model is generally superior in calculation speed, accuracy, and data requirement, and is also able to be extended to loss modeling for all kinds of semiconductor power devices.
The Governance of Innovation in Dutch Regional Water Management: Organizing fit between organizational values and innovative concepts

Abstract This article addresses the difficulties encountered during innovation processes in regional water management, and how these difficulties are dealt with. We analyse the ‘fit’ or ‘misfit’ between innovative concepts and the dominant values in water management through three case studies. Our research confirms the importance of a fit between innovative concepts and organizational values, and additionally illuminates how a collaborative process of aligning the innovations and the organizational values helps to reduce misfits. The process of alignment involves developing supportive (temporary) arrangements which safeguard organizational values and enable the application of innovations.
In-Service Activities for Technology Education: The Role of Colleges and Universities.

Many exciting technology education programs are being developed and implemented across the United States. State-wide implementation of technology education has occurred in a number of states such as New York, Illinois, Virginia, and Indiana. Additionally, well publicized regional technology education programs have emerged in locations as diverse as Delta, Colorado, and Pittsburgh, Kansas. These and many other efforts toward implementation of technology education have aroused wide interest in the study of technology and have contributed to the rapid growth of contemporary curriculum materials. The process of implementing technology education curricula is a complex undertaking that requires an adaptation of philosophy, curriculum, and instructional practices. The dissemination of these new educational ideas and practices is largely contingent upon effective in-service professional development programs (Boser, 1991; Cordeiro, 1986; Wilkinson, 1990). In order for the technology education profession to move forward, practicing teachers of technology education require continually updated information on curriculum, methodology, and technology to allow them to make philosophical and programmatic changes that augment technology education. Colleges and universities have traditionally facilitated this dissemination process. Further, institutions that provide contemporary pre-service technology teacher education are in a unique position to offer effective professional development programs. University personnel at these institutions are aware of stateof-the-art technology programs and instructional methods. The linkage between the university and practicing teachers is obviously mutually beneficial. Through collaboration, in-service programs may be developed that meet current needs while continually moving the local technology program toward the most contemporary examples of technology education.
Exploratory roadmapping for foresight

The importance of the exploratory front-end of strategy is well established in fields such as foresight and knowledge management. However, it has received little consideration by roadmapping practitioners and researchers. This is partly explained by the fact that roadmaps are traditionally a convergent, goal-oriented outline of a sequence of activities and actions. It can also be attributed to the fact that knowledge exploitation tends to dominate over knowledge exploration, as the former delivers clearer and more tangible returns. This paper investigates how roadmapping may be applied for knowledge exploration, considering the conceptual underpinnings and a practical example in which an exploratory roadmap was developed for foresight in the packaging sector.
DICER Inactivation Identifies Pancreatic β-Cell “Disallowed” Genes Targeted by MicroRNAs

Pancreatic β-cells are the body's sole source of circulating insulin and essential for the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. Levels of up to 66 “disallowed” genes, which are strongly expressed and play housekeeping roles in most other mammalian tissues, are unusually low in β-cells. The molecular mechanisms involved in repressing these genes are largely unknown. Here, we explore the role in gene disallowance of microRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small noncoding RNAs that silence gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and are essential for β-cell development and function. To selectively deplete miRNAs from adult β-cells, the miRNA-processing enzyme DICER was inactivated by deletion of the RNase III domain with a tamoxifen-inducible Pdx1CreER transgene. In this model, β-cell dysfunction was apparent 2 weeks after recombination and preceded a decrease in insulin content and loss of β-cell mass. Of the 14 disallowed genes studied, quantitative RT-quantitative real-time PCR revealed that 6 genes (Fcgrt, Igfbp4, Maf, Oat, Pdgfra, and Slc16a1) were up-regulated (1.4- to 2.1-fold, P < .05) at this early stage. Expression of luciferase constructs bearing the 3′-untranslated regions of the corresponding mRNAs in wild-type or DICER-null β-cells demonstrated that Fcgrt, Oat, and Pdgfra are miRNA direct targets. We thus reveal a role for miRNAs in the regulation of disallowed genes in β-cells and provide evidence for a novel means through which noncoding RNAs control the functional identity of these cells independently of actions on β-cell mass.
Sexual isolation promotes divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback

Speciation can be initiated by adaptive divergence between populations in ecologically different habitats, but how sexually based reproductive barriers contribute to this process is less well understood. We here test for sexual isolation between ecotypes of threespine stickleback fish residing in adjacent lake and stream habitats in the Lake Constance basin, Central Europe. Mating trials exposing females to pairings of territorial lake and stream males in outdoor mesocosms allowing for natural reproductive behaviour reveal that mating occurs preferentially between partners of the same ecotype. Compared to random mating, this sexual barrier reduces gene flow between the ecotypes by some 36%. This relatively modest strength of sexual isolation is surprising because comparing the males between the two ecotypes shows striking differentiation in traits generally considered relevant to reproductive behaviour (body size, breeding coloration, nest size). Analysing size differences among the individuals in the mating trials further indicates that assortative mating is not related to ecotype differences in body size. Overall, we demonstrate that sexually based reproductive isolation promotes divergence in lake–stream stickleback along with other known reproductive barriers, but we also caution against inferring strong sexual isolation from the observation of strong population divergence in sexually relevant traits.
Structural design of SynRM rotor, and the effect on power factor

In this paper, structural designs for multiple synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) rotor configurations are presented. The rotor flux bridges are increased in thickness until mechanical integrity is achieved, and then the performance of the resulting SynRM is observed. After performing this analysis for SynRM rotors with different barrier numbers and different flux bridge configurations, this paper concludes with recommendations regarding the mechanical design of SynRM rotors.
Ultrafast modulation of vibrational polaritons for controlling the quantum field statistics at mid-infrared frequencies

Controlling the quantum field statistics of confined light is a long-standing goal in integrated photonics. We show that by coupling molecular vibrations with a confined mid-infrared cavity vacuum, the photocount and quadrature field statistics of the cavity field can be reversibly manipulated over sub-picosecond timescales. The mechanism involves changing the cavity resonance frequency through a modulation of the dielectric response of the cavity materials using femtosecond UV pulses. For a single anharmonic molecular vibration in an infrared cavity under ultrastrong coupling conditions, the pulsed modulation of the cavity frequency can adiabatically produce mid-infrared light that is simultaneously sub-Poissonian and quadrature squeezed, depending on the dipolar behavior of the vibrational mode. For a vibration-cavity system in strong coupling, non-adiabatic polariton excitations can be produced after the frequency modulation pulse is over, when the system is initially prepared in the lower polariton state. We propose design principles for the generation of mid-infrared quantum light by analyzing the dependence of the cavity field statistics on the shape of the electric dipole function of the molecule, the cavity detuning at the modulation peak and the anharmonicity of the Morse potential. Feasible experimental implementations of the modulation scheme are suggested. This work paves the way for the development of molecule-based mid-infrared quantum optical devices at room temperature.