Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A self‐consistent solution of Schrödinger–Poisson equations using a nonuniform mesh

A self‐consistent, one‐dimensional solution of the Schrodinger and Poisson equations is obtained using the finite‐difference method with a nonuniform mesh size. The use of the proper matrix transformation allows preservation of the symmetry of the discretized Schrodinger equation, even with the use of a nonuniform mesh size, therefore reducing the computation time. This method is very efficient in finding eigenstates extending over relatively large spatial areas without loss of accuracy. For confirmation of the accuracy of this method, a comparison is made with the exactly calculated eigenstates of GaAs/AlGaAs rectangular wells. An example of the solution of the conduction band and the electron density distribution of a single‐heterostructure GaAs/AlGaAs is also presented.
An Infrastructure IP for Repairing Multiple RAMs in SOCs

Modem complex system-on-chips (SOCs) need infrastructure IPs to test, diagnosis, and repair embedded memories. This paper presents an infrastructure IP (IIP) for repairing multiple RAMs in SOCs. The proposed IIP can perform parallel test for multiple memories, and serial diagnosis or repair for one memory each time. Especially, the proposed IIP can execute various redundancy analysis algorithms. We realize the proposed IIP for four memories-based on TSMC 0.18mum standard cell technology. Experimental results show that the area overhead of the IIP is only about 4.6%
Quasar Variability in the Framework of Poissonian Models

Quasar optical monitoring campaigns are reaching a new standard of quality as a result of long-term, accurate CCD observations. In this paper we review the basic Poissonian formulation of quasar variability, using it as a mathematical tool to extract relevant parameters such as the energy, rate, and lifetimes of the flares through the analysis of observed light curves. It is shown that in this very general framework the well-established anticorrelation between variability amplitude and wavelength can only be understood as an effect of an underlying spectral component that remains stable on long timescales and is redder than the variable component. The formalism is applied to the B and R light curves of 42 PG quasars collected by the Wise Observatory group. Variability indices for these data are obtained with a structure function analysis. The mean number of living flares is constrained to be in the range between ~ 5 and 100, while their rates are found to be of order ? ~ 1-100 yr-1. Monochromatic optical flare energies E? ~ 1046-1048 ergs ? -1 and lifetimes ? of ~0.5-3 yr are derived. Lower limits of typically 25% are established for the contribution of a nonvariable component in the R band. The substantial diversity in these properties among quasars invalidates simple versions of the Poissonian model in which flare energies, lifetimes, and the background contribution are treated as universal invariants. Light-curve simulations confirm the applicability of the method. Few significant correlations between variability indices and multiwavelength properties of the quasars exist, confirming the results of Giveon and colleagues in 1999. The good correlation between the EW(H? ) and the long-term variability amplitude is interpreted in a scenario in which only the variable component participates in the ionization of the line emitting gas. This idea is consistent with the observed trends of the variability amplitude with ? , EW(He II), and the X-ray-optical spectral index. The parameter estimates derived under the framework of Poissonian models are applicable to several scenarios for the nature of quasar variability and can help in guiding, testing, and discriminating between detailed physical models.
Visualization of Electrostatic Dipoles in Molecular Dynamics of Metal Oxides

Metal oxides are important for many technical applications. For example alumina (aluminum oxide) is the most commonly-used ceramic in microelectronic devices thanks to its excellent properties. Experimental studies of these materials are increasingly supplemented with computer simulations. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can reproduce the material behavior very well and are now reaching time scales relevant for interesting processes like crack propagation. In this work we focus on the visualization of induced electric dipole moments on oxygen atoms in crack propagation simulations. The straightforward visualization using glyphs for the individual atoms, simple shapes like spheres or arrows, is insufficient for providing information about the data set as a whole. As our contribution we show for the first time that fractional anisotropy values computed from the local neighborhood of individual atoms of MD simulation data depict important information about relevant properties of the field of induced electric dipole moments. Iso surfaces in the field of fractional anisotropy as well as adjustments of the glyph representation allow the user to identify regions of correlated orientation. We present novel and relevant findings for the application domain resulting from these visualizations, like the influence of mechanical forces on the electrostatic properties.
A MLAT algorithm based on target pressure altitude

MLAT (Multilateration) techniques have been successfully deployed for airport surveillance for quite some time now, it makes use of signals transmitted by an aircraft to calculate the position of aircraft. However, Multilateration techniques when applied in a wide area surveillance environment for aircraft target positioning, for the impact of Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP), the three-dimensional positioning algorithm for target positioning may result in relatively low positioning accuracy, and even cause divergence. For partial response signals transmitted by the civil aviation airborne secondary transponder contain target pressure altitude, the MLAT algorithm based on target pressure altitude can correct the three-dimensional positioning algorithm, reduce the dimensions of positioning equations, ensure algorithm convergence and increase positioning accuracy. The test results based on the practical application system illustrates the MLAT algorithm based on target pressure altitude is more accurate than the traditional three-dimensional positioning algorithm alone.
Three independent signalling pathways repress motility in Pseudomonas fluorescens F113

Motility is one of the most important traits for rhizosphere colonization by pseudomonads. Despite this importance, motility is severely repressed in the rhizosphere‐colonizing strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113. This bacterium is unable to swarm under laboratory conditions and produce relatively small swimming haloes. However, phenotypic variants with the ability to swarm and producing swimming haloes up to 300% larger than the wild‐type strain, arise during rhizosphere colonization. These variants harbour mutations in the genes encoding the GacA/GacS two‐component system and in other genes. In order to identify genes and pathways implicated in motility repression, we have used generalized mutagenesis with transposons. Analysis of the mutants has shown that besides the Gac system, the Wsp system and the sadB gene, which have been previously implicated in cyclic di‐GMP turnover, are implicated in motility repression: mutants in the gacS, sadB or wspR genes can swarm and produce swimming haloes larger than the wild‐type strain. Epistasis analysis has shown that the pathways defined by each of these genes are independent, because double and triple mutants show an additive phenotype. Furthermore, GacS, SadB and WspR act at different levels. Expression of the fleQ gene, encoding the master regulator of flagella synthesis is higher in the gacS‐ and sadB‐ backgrounds than in the wild‐type strain and this differential expression is reflected by a higher secretion of the flagellin protein FliC. Conversely, no differences in fleQ expression or FliC secretion were observed between the wild‐type strain and the wspR‐ mutant.
Design Optimization of a Cost-Effective Micro Wind Turbine

The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of a specially designed micro wind turbine for urban environment where the wind speed is usually low. Differing from the traditional wind turbine that can be connected directly to the grid, the micro wind turbine is linked to a small generator and mainly used for local applications. The advantage of the micro wind turbine is that, apart from its low cost, it can be propelled by a wind speed as low as 2 m/s. In this paper, the performance of a single micro wind turbine was evaluated through CFD analysis. The CFD simulation shows good agreement with experimental results. The validated computer model is then used for optimizing the wind turbine blade design with varying blade subtend-angle and blade
An Objective Resolution Metric for Digital Printers

Resolution is a measure of the ability of an imaging system to reproduce fine details, something an increasing number of digital printer users care passionately about. Despite this interest, resolution is not routinely measured or specified by printer manufacturers. Among the reasons is the absence of industry standard resolution metrics for digital printers. In this initial paper, the authors explore some of the reasons resolution metrics for digital printing systems are not well established or widely used. In particular, we examine the idea that printer resolution can be determined from input test patterns composed of arbitrary or continuously varying spatial frequencies. Methods based on this approach risk confounding information losses due to image sampling with printing limitations of the system under test. We propose an alternative metric based on test patterns that are matched to the addressability of the target printer. A procedure for measuring prints of these test patterns and determining resolution from those measurements is described. It is hoped that printer manufacturers and others with an interest in printer resolution will evaluate this proposed metric and contribute to its refinement and adoption as a standard for defining, measuring and reporting this important imaging characteristic of digital printing systems
Optomechanics of a quantum-degenerate Fermi gas.

We explore theoretically the optomechanical interaction between a light field and a mechanical mode of ultracold fermionic atoms inside a Fabry-Pérot cavity. The low-lying phonon mode of the fermionic ensemble is a collective density oscillation associated with particle-hole excitations, and is mathematically analogous to the momentum side-mode excitations of a bosonic condensate. The mechanical motion of the fermionic particle-hole system behaves hence as a "moving mirror. " We derive an effective system Hamiltonian that has the form of generic optomechanical systems. We also discuss the experimental consequences the optomechanical coupling in optical bistability and in the noise spectrum of the system.
I-BRIEF: A Fast Feature Point Descriptor with More Robust Features

Famous feature point descriptors such as SIFT and SURF allow reliable real-time matching but at a computational cost that limits the number of points that can be handled on PCs, and even more on less powerful mobile devices. A recently proposed technique called Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features (BRIEF) uses binary string as an efficient feature point descriptor. It has been shown that it is highly discriminative even when using relatively few bits. However, we note that the resulting features are not robust when the intensity difference between two compared pixels is small according to the test definition of BRIEF. In this paper, we try to remedy this and replace the test definition with a slightly modified one. Our experimental results show that the modified descriptors are more distinctive and more robust to typical image disturbances such as viewpoint change and image blur that occur in real-world scenarios. We also highlight its effectiveness by incorporating it into a SLAM system called Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM) and demonstrating substantial performance increases.
Self-categorization theory and the development of national identity in English children

Self-categorization theory (Oakes, Haslam & Turner, 1994) proposes that the salience of a social identity is context-dependent, with the salience of that identity being dependent upon the particular social comparisons which are available in any given context. Thus, in the case of national identity, when the context contains a comparable national outgroup, the salience of the national ingroup increases; when the context contains the national ingroup alone, the salience of that ingroup decreases. The theory also proposes that when a particular social identity becomes salient to an individual, self-stereotyping occurs and perceived ingroup homogeneity increases. Finally, the theory postulates that comparative context can affect group evaluations; depending upon the particular comparison outgroup which is available in the given context, the evaluation of the ingroup can change. Previous empirical studies have shown that these effects do indeed occur in individuals aged 18 years and over (see Oakes et al. 1994 for a review of these studies). The present study was designed to explore whether these various effects also occur in children. 307 English children aged from 5 to 11 years old were asked to attribute adjectives to their own national ingroup (English) in one of three different conditions: either alone; or in conjunction with a liked national outgroup (American); or in conjunction with a disliked national outgroup (German). In addition, the children were asked to rank the importance of their own national identity in relationship to their other social identities immediately after the attribution task, in order to assess the relative salience of their national identity in these three different comparative contexts. It was found that intergroup comparative context did not influence the salience of the children's own national identity, their attributions of ingroup homogeneity, or their evaluation of the ingroup. These findings imply that the processes postulated by selfcategorization theory do not operate in 5 to 11 year old children, as least as far as their national identity is concerned. However, it was also found that the younger children were more positive towards their own national ingroup, and more negative to both of the national outgroups, than the older children. The younger children also made more homogeneous evaluations of all the national groups than the older children. In addition, national identity became more salient with age. The implications of these findings for self-categorization theory are discussed.
Estimating the Cost and Benefit of Model-Based Testing: A Decision Support Procedure for the Application of Model-Based Testing in Industry

Model-based testing is of high practical relevance and many model-based testing approaches have been developed during the last years. But the key question under which conditions model-based testing pays off and a related decision support procedure for its application has not been sufficiently addressed. In this paper we develop a generic decision support procedure whether to apply model-based testing in a project or not. The decision support procedure compares estimated costs and benefits of model-based testing throughout all phases of the test process and is derived on the basis of a case study performed at the European Space Agency.
Advances and Applications in Bioinformatics and Chemistry Dovepress Lifeprint: a Novel K-tuple Distance Method for Construction of Phylogenetic Trees

Purpose: Here we describe LifePrint, a sequence alignment-independent k-tuple distance method to estimate relatedness between complete genomes. Methods: We designed a representative sample of all possible DNA tuples of length 9 (9-tuples). The final sample comprises 1878 tuples (called the LifePrint set of 9-tuples; LPS9) that are distinct from each other by at least two internal and noncontiguous nucleotide differences. For validation of our k-tuple distance method, we analyzed several real and simulated viroid genomes. Using different distance metrics, we scrutinized diverse viroid genomes to estimate the k-tuple distances between these genomic sequences. Then we used the estimated genomic k-tuple distances to construct phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining algorithm. A comparison of the accuracy of LPS9 and the previously reported 5-tuple method was made using symmetric differences between the trees estimated from each method and a simulated " true " phylogenetic tree. Results: The identified optimal search scheme for LPS9 allows only up to two nucleotide differences between each 9-tuple and the scrutinized genome. Similarity search results of simulated viroid genomes indicate that, in most cases, LPS9 is able to detect single-base substitutions between genomes efficiently. Analysis of simulated genomic variants with a high proportion of base substitutions indicates that LPS9 is able to discern relationships between genomic variants with up to 40% of nucleotide substitution. Conclusion: Our LPS9 method generates more accurate phylogenetic reconstructions than the previously proposed 5-tuples strategy. LPS9-reconstructed trees show higher bootstrap proportion values than distance trees derived from the 5-tuple method.
Joint Capacity and Spare Capacity Placement with P-Cycles

protection cycles (p-cycles) provide recovery times for mesh networks that are near the recovery times of SONET ring networks while providing lower spare-to-working capacity ratios. In this work, two methods of assigning p-cycles in a wavelength division multiplexing network are compared over a range of topologies with different average node degrees. The joint capacity placement (JCP) method considers the working traffic and spare capacity jointly. The spare capacity placement (SCP) method assigns traffic to the shortest paths and then assigns p-cycles using the spare capacity. The joint capacity placement method provides ~35% lower spare-to-working capacity ratio than the spare capacity method with ~7% increase in working capacity cost. In addition, a topology with higher average node degree provides lower spare-to-working capacity ratios because more p-cycles are possible.
Induction of the SOS response in Escherichia coli inhibits Tn5 and IS50 transposition

In response to DNA damage or the inhibition of normal DNA replication in Escherichia coli, a set of some 20 unlinked operons is induced through the RecA-mediated cleavage of the LexA repressor. We examined the effect of this SOS response on the transposition of Tn5 and determined that the frequency of transposition is reduced 5- to 10-fold in cells that constitutively express SOS functions, e.g., lexA(Def) strains. Furthermore, this inhibition is independent of recA function, is fully reversed by a wild-type copy of lexA, and is not caused by an alteration in the levels of the Tn5 transposase or inhibitor proteins. We isolated insertion mutations in a lexA(Def) background that reverse this transposition defect; all of these mapped to a new locus near 23 min on the E. coli chromosome.
Theory, history, and the global transformation

This response concentrates on two sets of issues raised by the contributors to the symposium: the first centers around theory, the second around history. On the former, our argument is that, contrary to some of the comments made by our interlocutors, the book contributes to theoretical debates ranging from issues of causation to those concerning history as a theoretical enterprise. We use these arguments to engage with, and extend, historical questions raised about the book, paying particular attention to the issue of comparisons across time. Our overarching reaction to the symposium is positive – the book has generated an exciting range of responses. This makes us hopeful that The Global Transformation will stimulate both intra- and inter-disciplinary conversations, even if these conversations sometimes emerge from frustration with paths not taken and issues not addressed.
Indirect Utility Maximization under Risk: A Heterogeneous Panel Application

The curvature properties of the indirect utility function imply a set of refutable implications in the form of comparative static results and symmetric relations for the competitive firm operating under uncertainty. These hypotheses, first derived and empirically tested under output price uncertainty by Saha and Shumway (1998), are extended in this article to the more general case of both price and quantity uncertainty and result in an important theoretical finding. Using recently developed techniques for testing unit root and cointegration in heterogeneous panels, we develop a model of U.S. agricultural production based on the time series properties of a panel of state-level data and contrast test implications with those resulting from a traditional model that presumes stationarity in all variables. Although differing in specific outcomes, the empirical tests of the refutable hypotheses render the same conclusions for both models: we fail to reject most refutable hypotheses under output price and output quantity risk, symmetry conditions implied by a twice-continuously-differentiable indirect utility function are rejected, two restrictive risk preference hypotheses are also rejected, and, at individual observations, data are generally consistent with most (but not all) of the hypotheses implied by individual states acting as though they were expected utility-maximizing firms.
Conjugate priors for Gaussian emission plsa recommender systems

Collaborative filtering for recommender systems seeks to learn and predict user preferences for a collection of items by identifying similarities between users on the basis of their past interest or interaction with the items in question. In this work, we present a conjugate prior regularized extension of Hofmann's Gaussian emission probabilistic latent semantic analysis model, able to overcome the over-fitting problem restricting the performance of the earlier formulation. Furthermore, in experiments using the EachMovie and MovieLens data sets, it is shown that the proposed regularized model achieves significantly improved prediction accuracy of user preferences as compared to the latent semantic analysis model without priors.
A Hybrid Feature Set based Maximum Entropy Hindi Named Entity Recognition

We describe our effort in developing a Named Entity Recognition (NER) system for Hindi using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) approach. We developed a NER annotated corpora for the purpose. We have tried to identify the most relevant features for Hindi NER task to enable us to develop an efficient NER from the limited corpora developed. Apart from the orthographic and collocation features, we have experimented on the efficiency of using gazetteer lists as features. We also worked on semi-automatic induction of context patterns and experimented with using these as features of the MaxEnt method. We have evaluated the performance of the system against a blind test set having 4 classes Person, Organization, Location and Date. Our system achieved a f-value of 81.52%.