Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory Refinement of Bayesian Networks with Hidden Variables

Research in theory refinement has shown that biasing a learner with initial, approximately correct knowledge produces more accurate results than learning from data alone. While techniques have been developed to revise logical and connectionist representations, little has been done to revise probabilistic representations. Bayesian networks are well-established as a sound formalism for representing and reasoning with probabilistic knowledge, and are widely used. There has been a growing interest in the problem of learning Bayesian networks from data. However, there is no existing technique for learning or revising Bayesian networks with hidden variables (i.e., variables not represented in the data), that has been shown to be efficient, effective, and scalable through evaluation on real data. The few techniques that exist for revising such networks perform a blind search through a large space of revisions, and are therefore computationally expensive. This dissertation presents B sc ANNER, a technique for using data to revise a given Bayesian network with Noisy-Or and Noisy-And nodes, to improve its classification accuracy. Additionally, the initial network can be derived directly from a logical theory expressed as propositional Horn-clause rules. B sc ANNER can revise networks with hidden variables, and add hidden variables when necessary. Unlike previous approaches to this problem, B sc ANNER employs mechanisms similar to those used in logical theory refinement techniques for using the data to focus the search for effective modifications to the network. It can also be used to learn networks with hidden variables from data alone. We also introduce B sc ANNER-P sc R, a technique for revising the parameters of a Bayesian network with Noisy-Or/And nodes, that directly exploits the computational efficiency afforded by these models. Experiments on several real-world learning problems in domains such as molecular biology and intelligent tutoring systems demonstrate that B sc ANNER can effectively and efficiently revise networks to significantly improve their accuracies, and thus learn highly accurate classifiers. Comparisons with the Naive Bayes algorithm show that using the theory refinement approach gives B sc ANNER a substantial edge over learning from data alone. We also show that B sc ANNER-P sc R converges faster and produces more accurate classifiers than an existing algorithm for learning the parameters of a network.
The drivers and impact of complementary and alternative medicine use in the provision of care for women during pregnancy, labour and birth : a health services research study

have emotional distress associated with the labour (OR=3.27). Conclusions : This thesis presents novel findings and further develops our understanding of CAM use in PLB. This thesis highlights a need for future research to examine this topic more closely, and to develop policy and encourage health literacy in relation to CAM use in PLB. The results of this study requires the attention of policy makers, maternity health professionals and women.
CD304 is preferentially expressed on a subset of B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia and represents a novel marker for minimal residual disease detection by flow cytometry

Minimal residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a major prognostic factor for monitoring patients with B‐lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). The quantification of MRD by flow cytometry (FC) is based on the identification of a leukemia‐associated phenotype (LAP). Because phenotypic switch is common during treatment, multiple LAPs must be available and used for MRD detection over time. We evaluated the potential usefulness of CD304 as a new marker for monitoring MRD. CD304 was expressed in 48% of B‐ALL (24/50) with discriminative fluorescence intensity compared with CD304‐negative normal B‐cell precursors (n = 15). The sensitivity of CD304‐based MRD detection reached 10−4, as with some of established LAPs. The stability of CD304 expression evaluated during therapy and at relapse confirms the usefulness of this marker for MRD quantification. Finally, CD304 was repeatedly expressed in patients with TEL‐AML1 gene rearrangement, which warrants further investigation on its potential relevance as a prognosis marker or therapeutic target. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Study on Sarcasm Detection Algorithms

Sarcasm detection refers to the identification of the use of sarcasma humorous literary device in text. The use of sarcasm can be misleading and often hinders accurate comprehension of sentences. This paper aims at presenting the challenges in detection and ideas inculcated in existing literature to overcome these challenges. This study reveals that sarcasm detection is an entity of ongoing research and that more novel techniques are required to improve its efficiency. INTRODUCTION According to Cambridge’s dictionary, the term “sarcasm” means the use of remarks that clearly mean the opposite of what they say, made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize someone/something in a humorous way. Sarcasm detection is the process of identifying whether a given piece of text is to be comprehended using its literal meaning, or as its opposite meaning. If a piece of text is to be comprehended opposite to its literal meaning, then it contains sarcasm. CHALLENGES FACED Natural Language Processing systems such as Online customer review summarization systems, dialogue systems or monitoring systems for brands face difficulty in identifying sarcasm. Typical Sentimental Analysis Systems do not support sarcasm detection. The results obtained from Sentimental analysis may provide a result opposite to what was intended. This adversely affects businesses employing this technology. Datasets used to perform sarcasm detection are usually derived from online review sites, social media posts and comments and micro-blogging sites. The structure of these sentences isn’t clearly defined, and they are short in nature, thus leading to ambiguity. Apart from these issues, there exist certain specific challenges in sarcasm detection as follows. •The datasets used for the detection process pose a problem due to the ambiguity and unnecessary plethora of details mentioned in the text. It is quite tough to extract useful information from the huge volumes of crude data. • It is an easier task to detect whether a person is using sarcasm in speech. The use of sarcasm can be detected from the tone of speech, body language and facial expressions. However, identifying sarcasm from a piece of text poses certain difficulties for many Natural Language Processing Systems. • Sarcasm detection demands certain prerequisites such as being well informed regarding the current issues and trends. e.g. “Yet, another mind boggling performance by the Australian cricket team in England. ” • Sarcasm detection, at times, requires the use of common sensical knowledge • Sometimes sarcasm uses the hyperbole. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration i.e. use of words belonging to superlative degree. Eg. “They ran like greased lightning. ”
Psychologic morbidity and health-related quality of life of patients assessed in a chest pain observation unit.

STUDY OBJECTIVES We sought to measure psychologic morbidity and health-related quality of life among patients attending the hospital with acute chest pain both at presentation and 1 month after rigorous assessment for cardiac disease. METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing assessment on the chest pain observation unit of a large, urban emergency department were asked to complete 3 questionnaires: the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), the Euroqol Health Utility Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The same questionnaires were mailed 1 month later, along with a questionnaire documenting subsequent pain and reassurance. RESULTS At enrollment (n=166), 32 (19%) participants (95% confidence interval [CI] 15% to 26%) were experiencing moderate levels of anxiety, and 21 (13%, 95% CI 8% to 19%) were experiencing moderate levels of depression. Health utility and all SF-36 dimensions of quality of life were substantially below age-adjusted normal values. One month after assessment (n=110), only the Pain dimension score of SF-36 had significantly improved. Most scores were unchanged, and the Physical Role and Mental Health dimension scores of SF-36 had significantly deteriorated. Seventy (64%) patients (95% CI 54% to 72%) had further pain after discharge. Despite these findings, 98 (86%) patients (95% CI 78% to 91%) responded that their assessment was "completely reassuring" or "quite reassuring. " CONCLUSION Patients with acute, undifferentiated chest pain have substantial psychologic morbidity and impairment of quality of life. Although patients respond that they are reassured by chest pain observation unit assessment, anxiety and depression remain prevalent and quality of life remains impaired 1 month after assessment.
Effects of renal nerve stimulation on intrarenal blood flow in rats with intact or inactivated NO synthases.

AIM We studied a possible action of nitric oxide (NO), an intrarenal vasodilator, to buffer a decrease in renal perfusion induced by electrical stimulation of renal nerves (RNS). METHODS In anaesthetized rats RNS was performed (15 V, 2 ms pulse duration) for 10 s at the frequencies of 2, 3.5, 5 and 7.5 Hz. The total renal blood flow (RBF), an index of cortical perfusion, was measured using a Transonic probe on the renal artery. The outer and inner medullary blood flow (OMBF, IMBF) was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. The effect of RNS on RBF, OMBF and IMBF was determined in rats which were either untreated or pre-treated with L-NAME (0.6 or 1.8 mg kg(-1) i.v. ), or S-methyl thiocitrulline (SMTC, 20 microg kg(-1) min(-1) i.v. ), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS). RESULTS In untreated rats, RNS decreased IMBF significantly less than RBF and OMBF. High-dose L-NAME treatment significantly enhanced the RNS induced decrease of RBF but not of OMBF or IMBF. SMTC treatment significantly enhanced the decrease of IMBF, without affecting the response of RBF or OMBF. CONCLUSION At intact NO synthesis the inner medullary circulation is not controlled by renal nerves to the extent observed for the outer medulla or cortex. NO generated by all NOS isoforms present in the kidney buffers partly the intrarenal vasoconstriction triggered by electrical RNS. The NO derived from nNOS seems of particular importance in the control of inner medullary perfusion, interacting with NO generated by endothelial NOS and renal nerves.
Popularity–Based Adaptive Content Delivery Scheme with In‐Network Caching

To solve the increasing popularity of video streaming services over the Internet, recent research activities have addressed the locality of content delivery from a network edge by introducing a storage module into a router. To employ in‐network caching and persistent request routing, this paper introduces a hybrid content delivery network (CDN) system combining novel content routers in an underlay together with a traditional CDN server in an overlay. This system first selects the most suitable delivery scheme (that is, multicast or broadcast) for the content in question and then allocates an appropriate number of channels based on a consideration of the content's popularity. The proposed scheme aims to minimize traffic volume and achieve optimal delivery cost, since the most popular content is delivered through broadcast channels and the least popular through multicast channels. The performance of the adaptive scheme is clearly evaluated and compared against both the multicast and broadcast schemes in terms of the optimal in‐network caching size and number of unicast channels in a content router to observe the significant impact of our proposed scheme.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Reveals Disordered Level-Crossing Physics in the Bose-Glass Regime of the Br-Doped Ni(Cl_{1-x}Br_{x})_{2}-4SC(NH_{2})_{2} Compound at a High Magnetic Field.

By measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T_{1}^{-1} relaxation rate in the Br (bond) doped DTN compound, Ni(Cl_{1-x}Br_{x})_{2}-4SC(NH_{2})_{2}(DTNX), we show that the low-energy spin dynamics of its high magnetic field "Bose-glass" regime is dominated by a strong peak of spin fluctuations found at the nearly doping-independent position H^{*}≅13.6 T. From its temperature and field dependence, we conclude that this corresponds to a level crossing of the energy levels related to the doping-induced impurity states. Observation of the local NMR signal from the spin adjacent to the doped Br allowed us to fully characterize this impurity state. We have thus quantified a microscopic theoretical model that paves the way to better understanding of the Bose-glass physics in DTNX, as revealed in the related theoretical study [M. Dupont, S. Capponi, and N. Laflorencie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 067204 (2017). PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.118. 067204].
Control system modeling for robot manipulators by use of a canonical transformation

A nonlinear transformation for simplifying the robot dynamic formulation and control system modeling is presented. This is a canonical transformation in the Hamiltonian formulation of robot dynamics, and it can be embodied in a special decomposition of the total inertia matrix. In simplification by using this canonical transformation, the dynamic system is not only transformed to a linear model with the Brunovsky canonical form, the input formulation is also reduced to a simple recovery form. By taking advantage of the linearity of the robot dynamic equation with respect to the total inertia matrix, a detailed procedure of the realization is then described. A 3-D robot example illustrates the feasibility and computational efficiency of this procedure. And it also shows that the realization procedure for the canonical transformation can be summed up in two major steps: seek an imaginary robot and solve a reduced equation.
Effects of Prenatal Testosterone Exposure on Antioxidant Status and Bill Color in Adult Zebra Finches

Permanent offspring modification through maternal hormone transfer is thought to be a tool for mothers to influence life-history trajectories of individual offspring. In birds, yolk hormones influence numerous aspects of the offspring’s physiology, including antioxidant status, an important physiological measure that is linked to growth, reproductive effort, and survival. While it is evident that yolk hormones can affect antioxidant status of nestlings, it is not known whether their effect extends beyond the nestling stage. In this study, we use the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) to test experimentally whether exposure to elevated yolk testosterone (T) levels can result in long-term effects on antioxidant status and traits likely to be associated with this measure. Our data show a significant but sex-specific effect with respect to a period from fledging to the age of 7 mo; T males had higher antioxidant status than control males, whereas antioxidant levels did not differ among females and were intermediate compared with the two male groups. Bill color, a trait associated with carotenoids (a specific group of antioxidants) and known to be under the control of circulating levels of T, was not affected by our yolk T manipulation. Bill color (alone or in covariation with egg treatment or sex) did not predict immune responsiveness or antioxidant status. Moreover, there was only weak evidence that antioxidant status predicted the strength of different immune responses. Antioxidant status (in covariation with egg treatment and sex) predicted levels of circulating total antibody levels but did not predict the strength of cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. Our results suggest that yolk T affects antioxidant status independently of these other traits.
1.3μm single-mode VCSEL-by-VCSEL optical injection-locking for enhanced microwave performance

Microwave performance of 1.3 mum optically injection-locked single-mode VCSELs functioning at room temperature is presented. The experiment has been performed using two identical unpackaged VCSELs on two separate probe-stations. Three-fold increase in the 3-dB cut-off frequency of S21 spectra have been observed under VCSEL-by-VCSEL optical injection-locking.
Joint source-channel (de-)coding for mobile communications

Real world source coding algorithms usually leave a certain amount of redundancy within the coded bit stream. Shannon (1948) already mentioned that this redundancy can be exploited at the receiver side to achieve a higher robustness against channel errors. We show how joint source-channel decoding can be performed in a way that is applicable to any mobile communication system standard. Considerable gains in terms of bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are possible dependent on the amount of redundancy. However, an even better performance can be achieved by changing also the transmitter sided source and channel encoders. We propose an encoding concept employing low-dimensional quantization. Keeping the gross bit rate as well as the clean channel quality the same, it decreases the complexity of the source encoder and the decoder significantly. Finally, we give an application of our methods to spectral coefficient coding in speech transmission over a Rayleigh fading channel resulting in channel SNR gains of about 2 dB as compared to state-of-the-art (de-)coding and bad frame handling methods.
Alcohol production from various enzymes-converted starches with or without cooking.

The effectiveness of alcoholic fermentation was compared by measuring alcoholic yields from various starch mashes, both cooked and uncooked. Alcohol yields from cooked and liquefied starch by bacterial . cap alpha. -amylase were 93.9% for corn, 92.0% for cassava, 90.6% for potato, and 73.0% for babassu, whereas alcohol yields from raw starch were 90.0% for corn, 89.0% for cassava, 48.9% for babassu, and 11.4% for potato. (JMT)
BioExcom : Automatic Annotation and categorization of speculative sentences in biological literature by a Contextual Exploration processing

Biological research papers are replete with speculative sentences. This paper presents the BioExcom software, an adaptation of EXCOM platform to biology field, which annotates automatically all speculative sentences in full texts papers by the means of the Contextual Exploration processing. This annotation process is based on a concise semantic analysis of the multiple ways of expressing speculation in biology. Furthermore, BioExcom enables to distinguish automatically between prior and new speculations in a biological paper.
Soluble Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) Receptor Inhibits TGF-β Signaling in COLO-357 Pancreatic Cancer Cells in Vitro and Attenuates Tumor Formation

Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas overexpress transforming growth factor-betas (TGF-betas). This overexpression has been correlated with decreased patient survival. TGF-betas bind to a type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII) dimer, which heterotetramerizes with a type I TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRI) dimer, thereby activating downstream signaling. Purpose and experimental design To determine whether blocking TGF-beta actions would suppress pancreatic cancer cell growth in vivo, we expressed a soluble TbetaRII, encoding amino acids 1-159 of the extracellular domain in COLO-357 human pancreatic cancer cells. This cell line expresses all of the three mammalian TGF-beta isoforms and is growth inhibited by TGF-beta in vitro. Results COLO-357 clones expressing soluble TbetaRII were no longer growth inhibited by exogenous TGF-beta1 and exhibited a marked decrease in their invasive capacity in vitro. When injected s.c. into athymic mice, these clones exhibited attenuated growth rates and angiogenesis and decreased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA as compared with tumors formed by sham-transfected cells. Conclusions These results indicate that endogenous TGF-betas can confer a growth advantage in vivo to a pancreatic cancer cell line that is growth inhibited in vitro and suggest that a soluble receptor approach can be used to block these tumorigenic effects of TGF-betas.
Nomenclatural novelties in the Postia caesia complex

Within the genus Postia, the P. caesia complex forms a distinctive morphological group. Based on recent molecular data, the current taxonomic status of the P. caesia complex is discussed and the nomenclature of the related taxa is revised as well. New combinations are: Postia subg. Cyanosporus, Postia africana, Postia amyloidea, Postia caesioflava, and Postia coeruleivirens.
Hierarchical clustering of flow cytometry data for the study of conventional central chondrosarcoma

We have investigated the use of hierarchical clustering of flow cytometry data to classify samples of conventional central chondrosarcoma, a malignant cartilage forming tumor of uncertain cellular origin, according to similarities with surface marker profiles of several known cell types. Human primary chondrosarcoma cells, articular chondrocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and a panel of tumor cell lines from chondrocytic or epithelial origin were clustered based on the expression profile of eleven surface markers. For clustering, eight hierarchical clustering algorithms, three distance metrics, as well as several approaches for data preprocessing, including multivariate outlier detection, logarithmic transformation, and z‐score normalization, were systematically evaluated. By selecting clustering approaches shown to give reproducible results for cluster recovery of known cell types, primary conventional central chondrosacoma cells could be grouped in two main clusters with distinctive marker expression signatures: one group clustering together with mesenchymal stem cells (CD49b‐high/CD10‐low/CD221‐high) and a second group clustering close to fibroblasts (CD49b‐low/CD10‐high/CD221‐low). Hierarchical clustering also revealed substantial differences between primary conventional central chondrosarcoma cells and established chondrosarcoma cell lines, with the latter not only segregating apart from primary tumor cells and normal tissue cells, but clustering together with cell lines from epithelial lineage. Our study provides a foundation for the use of hierarchical clustering applied to flow cytometry data as a powerful tool to classify samples according to marker expression patterns, which could lead to uncover new cancer subtypes. J. Cell. Physiol. 225: 601–611, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2-(Benzylcarbamoyl)nicotinic acid

In the title compound, C14H12N2O3, the pyridine ring is twisted with respect to the phenyl ring and the carboxylic acid group at angles of 37.1 (5) and 8.1 (3)°, respectively; the phenyl ring forms a dihedral angle of 41.4 (1)° with the mean plane of the C—NH—C=O fragment. An intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs between the carboxylic acid and carbonyl groups. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link molecules into a supramolecular chain running along the a-axis direction.