Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An interactive coal mine museum visit: Prototyping the user experience

Interactive software applications are increasingly finding their way to cultural and tourist sites. During the development of a coal mine museum on the former mine site of Beringen (Province of Limburg, Belgium), we explored the possibilities of such interactive systems, suitable for the specific site and the intended target group. In particular, we concentrated on a mobile location-based educational game allowing young visitors to gain insight in the life of the miner, and on an interactive virtual environment (VE) giving the visitor an overview of the vast site, highlighting interesting locations. In this paper we share our experiences with several prototyping techniques in the context of user-centred design (UCD). The different prototyping techniques are chosen depending on the goal and the kind of prototype. Furthermore we describe the interplay between the created prototypes and the applied prototyping techniques.
Rubidium filtered Thomson scattering measurement in an atmospheric pressure argon arc

High temperature, atmospheric pressure plasmas represent a significant challenge for diagnostics. The temperature is too high for physical probes, the plasmas are filamentary with dimensions too small to be resolved by microwave techniques, and the plasma luminosity and Rayleigh scattering background limit optical diagnostics. We report here the measurement of electron temperature and number density in an atmospheric arc discharge by Thomson scattering collected through an optically thick Rb filter. A narrow linewidth, frequency-tunable pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser was employed. The Thomson scattering is frequency broadened by the thermal motion and the ion acoustic coherent motion of the electrons. The linewidth of the Thomson scattering is much greater than the absorption linewidth of the Rb, so it passes through the Rb filter and into a spectrometer. The detector is time-gated synchronized with the laser to suppress the plasma luminosity. The frequency spectrum of the Thomson scattered light is fitted to a theoretical model in order to determine the electron temperature and number density.
Talk to Your Crowd

OVERVIEW: When crowdsourcing intermediaries lose crowd members, they lose potential high-quality solutions in the future. As the number of contests and intermediaries grows, it is increasingly critical for crowdsourcers to meet the needs of solvers and avoid seeing them migrate to the competition. Besides winning contests, intensive communication and customized feedback are solvers’ most central needs. For this study, we surveyed 202 solvers about the importance of communication in crowdsourcing contests. Based on our quantitative and qualitative insights, we derive key principles that can help crowdsourcers maintain and grow their solver base.
Factors affecting quality of life in postmenopausal women, Isfahan, 2011

Context: Various studies have shown that quality of life in women after menopause undergoes radical changes. Several factors such as psycho-social factors are associated with the quality of life during menopausal period. Aims: The present study surveyed the factors associated with quality of life of postmenopausal women in Isfahan, based on Behavioral Analysis Phase of PRECEDE model. Settings and Design: This cross-sectional study was conducted through stratified random sampling among 200 healthy postmenopausal women in Isfahan in 2011. Subjects and Methods: Data were collected by two valid and reliable questionnaires (one to assess the quality of life and the other to survey the factors associated with the Behavioral Analysis Phase of PRECEDE model). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 18) and analytical and descriptive statistics. Results: Pearson correlation indicated a positive and significant correlation between the quality of life and attitude toward menopause, perceived self-efficacy, and enabling and reinforcing factors, but there was no significant relationship between the quality of life and knowledge about menopause. Also, the quality of life in postmenopausal women had significant correlation with their age, education level, marital status, and employment status. Conclusion: Based on the present study, attitude, perceived self-efficacy, perceived social support, and enabling factors are associated with the quality of life in postmenopausal women. So, attention to these issues is essential for better health planning of women.
A Methodical Approach for Systematic Life Cycle Assessment of Wood‐Based Furniture

Existing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies for furniture focus on single pieces of furniture and use a bottom‐up approach based on their bill of materials (BOM) to build up the data inventories. This approach does not ensure completeness regarding material and energy fluxes and representativeness regarding the product portfolio. Integrating material and energy fluxes collected at company level into product LCA (top‐down approach) over‐rides this drawback. This article presents a method for systematic LCA of industrially produced furniture that merges the top‐down approach and bottom‐up approach. The developed method assigns data collected at the company level to the different products while, at the same time, considering that wood‐based furniture is a complex product. Hence, several classifications to reduce the complexity to a manageable level have been developed. Simultaneously, a systematic calculation routine was established. The practical implementation of the developed method for systematic LCA is carried out in a case study within the German furniture industry. The system boundary was set in accord with the EN 15804 specification cradle‐to‐gate‐with‐options. The analysis therefore includes the manufacturing phase supplemented by an end‐of‐life scenario. The case study shows that the manufacturing of semifinished products (especially wood‐based panels and metal components) as well as the electric energy demand in furniture manufacturing account for a notable share of the environmental impacts. A sensitivity analysis indicates that up to roughly 10% of the greenhouse gas emissions are not recorded when conducting an LCA based on a BOM instead of applying the developed approach.
Experience Sampling Methodology studies of depression: the state of the art

Background Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) is ideally suited to test the predictions, and inform the development of contemporary cognitive models of depression. Yet there has been no systematic examination of ESM in depression research. Method A search of databases (PsychARTICLES, PsycINFO, AMED, Ovid Medline and CINAHL) was conducted to identify studies published within the last 25 years investigating major depressive disorder (MDD) using ESM. Results Altogether, 19 studies using ESM, or comparable methodologies, with clinically depressed individuals were identified and critically reviewed. The identified studies examined six aspects of MDD: methodological issues; positive and negative affect; cortisol secretion; antidepressant treatment; work performance; genetic risk factors. Conclusions Despite some methodological limitations of existing studies, ESM has made a significant contribution to our current understanding of depression by consolidating existing theories, uncovering new and clinically relevant findings and identifying questions for future research. This review concludes by introducing the possibility of using ESM as an intervention tool in clinical practice and proposing that ESM could be useful for furthering knowledge of the causes of MDD.
Tissue coexpression of LBP and CD14 mRNA in a mouse model of sepsis.

BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) markedly increases the sensitivity of immune cells to LPS and CD14 expression correlates with cellular responsiveness to LPS. LBP gene expression can be induced in multiple organs following injury and CD14 upregulation on monocytes correlates with the infection and mortality rates in severely injured patients. We sought to determine the time-course induction of LBP and CD14 gene expression following experimental peritonitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS BALB/c mice were subjected to laparotomy alone or laparotomy with cecal ligation and puncture and treated with Imipenem. At serial time points, animals were sacrificed and tissues harvested for isolation of RNA and protein. LBP, CD14, and cytokine mRNAs were analyzed by Northern blot analysis and TaqMan fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS LBP and CD14 mRNA levels were significantly increased in all three organs from CLP mice compared to sham-operated mice. IL-1 mRNA levels increased in all three organs following CLP with significantly higher levels found in the lungs compared to the kidney and liver. No significant differences were noted in local TNF mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS LBP, CD14, and IL-1 mRNA levels are induced concurrently in the lung, kidney, and liver after cecal ligation and puncture. Given the synergistic affect of LBP and CD14 in potentiating LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and the hypothesized role of such cytokines in the etiology of MSOF following injury and sepsis, our findings suggest a mechanism by which these organs may be rendered more susceptible to a "second hit" from endotoxemia after initial injury.
A review on the calculation of return on investment

Article history: Received 15 June 2016 Received in revised form 10 September 2016 Accepted 30 September 2016 This paper addresses the conceptual issues in the determination of the return on investment (ROI). It made use of archival research to find out the correct meaning of the term return on investment and its appropriate uses. The findings show that there are several ways to determine ROI. From equity perspective the two main measures of actual ROI are the net profit after interest and tax divide by shareholders’ funds, and the sum of dividend yield (DY) and capital gains yield (CGY). From firm perspective six useable measures of ROI are EBITD/(GFA+GCA), EBIT/(NFA+GCA), EBITD/(GFA+NCA), EBIT/(NFA+NCA), EBITAD/(GFA+GCA) and EBITAD/(GFA+NCA) as the need for each arises. The most frequent error committed and misconception in these computations is in the area of ascertainment of the appropriate denominator in terms of which period figures to use and whether it should be gross or net fixed asset and current asset. EBITAD/Total asset refers to ROI to the firm before amortization and depreciation while ROI to the firm after the amortization and depreciation can be EBIT/ (NFA+NCA) or EBIT/(NFA+GCA) based on choice of the investor but the latter is highly recommended. The ROI to the firm before the amortization and depreciation is EBITAD/(GFA+NCA) or EBITAD/(GFA+GCA) based on choice of the investor but the former is recommended. Measuring ROI based on wealth creation ratio is the division of the end-period value of the investment by the beginning-period value of the investment with benchmark that the ratio has to be greater than one. The mean historical ROI can be ascertained through the use of either arithmetic or geometric mean.
An application of time reversal to credit risk management

This article develops a new risk management framework for companies based on the leverage process (a ratio of company asset value over its debt). We approach this task by time reversal, last passage time, and $h$-transform of linear diffusions. For general diffusions with killing, we obtain the probability density of the last passage time to a certain alarming level, and analyze the distribution of the time left until killing after the last passage time to that level. We then apply these results to the leverage process of the company. Finally, we suggest how a company should determine the aforementioned alarming level. More specifically, we construct a relevant optimization problem and derive an optimal alarming level as its solution.
The CENP-T C-Terminus Is Exclusively Proximal to H3.1 and not to H3.2 or H3.3

The kinetochore proteins assemble onto centromeric chromatin and regulate DNA segregation during cell division. The inner kinetochore proteins bind centromeres while most outer kinetochore proteins assemble at centromeres during mitosis, connecting the complex to microtubules. The centromere–kinetochore complex contains specific nucleosomes and nucleosomal particles. CENP-A replaces canonical H3 in centromeric nucleosomes, defining centromeric chromatin. Next to CENP-A, the CCAN multi-protein complex settles which contains CENP-T/W/S/X. These four proteins are described to form a nucleosomal particle at centromeres. We had found the CENP-T C-terminus and the CENP-S termini next to histone H3.1 but not to CENP-A, suggesting that the Constitutive Centromere-Associated Network (CCAN) bridges a CENP-A- and a H3-containing nucleosome. Here, we show by in vivo FRET that this proximity between CENP-T and H3 is specific for H3.1 but neither for the H3.1 mutants H3.1C96A and H3.1C110A nor for H3.2 or H3.3. We also found CENP-M next to H3.1 but not to these H3.1 mutants. Consistently, we detected CENP-M next to CENP-S. These data elucidate the local molecular neighborhood of CCAN proteins next to a H3.1-containing centromeric nucleosome. They also indicate an exclusive position of H3.1 clearly distinct from H3.2, thus documenting a local, and potentially also functional, difference between H3.1 and H3.2.
Effect of inter-crystal scatter on estimation methods for random coincidences and subsequent correction

Random coincidences can contribute substantially to the background in positron emission tomography (PET). Several estimation methods are being used for correcting them. The goal of this study was to investigate the validity of techniques for random coincidence estimation, with various low-energy thresholds (LETs). Simulated singles list-mode data of the MADPET-II small animal PET scanner were used as input. The simulations have been performed using the GATE simulation toolkit. Several sources with different geometries have been employed. We evaluated the number of random events using three methods: delayed window (DW), singles rate (SR) and time histogram fitting (TH). Since the GATE simulations allow random and true coincidences to be distinguished, a comparison between the number of random coincidences estimated using the standard methods and the number obtained using GATE was performed. An overestimation in the number of random events was observed using the DW and SR methods. This overestimation decreases for LETs higher than 255 keV. It is additionally reduced when the single events which have undergone a Compton interaction in crystals before being detected are removed from the data. These two observations lead us to infer that the overestimation is due to inter-crystal scatter. The effect of this mismatch in the reconstructed images is important for quantification because it leads to an underestimation of activity. This was shown using a hot–cold–background source with 3.7 MBq total activity in the background region and a 1.59 MBq total activity in the hot region. For both 200 keV and 400 keV LET, an overestimation of random coincidences for the DW and SR methods was observed, resulting in approximately 1.5% or more (at 200 keV LET: 1.7% for DW and 7% for SR) and less than 1% (at 400 keV LET: both methods) underestimation of activity within the background region. In almost all cases, images obtained by compensating for random events in the reconstruction algorithm were better in terms of quantification than the images made with precorrected data.
Induction of assembly of MHC class I heavy chains with beta 2microglobulin by interferon‐gamma.

Assembly of histocompatibility class I heavy chains with beta 2microglobulin (beta 2m) is known to be necessary for cell surface expression. Studies on the H‐2 class I deficient but interferon‐gamma (IFN‐gamma) inducible fibrosarcoma BC2 and the lung carcinoma CMT 64.5 showed that after transfection with allogeneic H‐2 class I genes the class I proteins are expressed, but only intracellularly and not on the cell surface. In spite of the presence of beta 2m in the cells no association of the transfected class I chain with beta 2m was observed. However, stimulation with IFN‐gamma induced assembly and subsequent surface expression. These findings show that the assembly of class I heavy chains with beta 2m is not a spontaneous event but appears to be regulated by cellular mechanisms the nature of which is still unknown.
Knowledge sharing capability in healthcare organizations

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of organizational culture and stakeholders’ expectations on the relationship between organizational factors and organizations’ knowledge-sharing capability. Design/methodology/approach The data were collected from public and private hospital administrators in Thailand via a questionnaire. To test the hypotheses, the data were analyzed using regression analysis. Findings The results reveal that organizational culture has a positive effect on the relationship between organizational climate and knowledge integration, while stakeholders’ expectations have positive effects on the relationships between organizational climate and interchanging knowledge. Research limitations/implications The present study focuses on knowledge sharing at an organizational level; future studies should examine knowledge sharing at both the organizational and individual levels. Practical implications This paper focuses on the effect of organizational factors on knowledge-sharing capability in hospitals. Executives should support the organizational climate and collaborative organizational culture for promoting knowledge integration in an organization. Furthermore, interchanging knowledge and organizational climate could be emphasized by the expectations of stakeholders. Originality/value Design of organizational climate, organizational culture, and expectations of stakeholders contribute to knowledge sharing at an organizational level.
Multi‐component molecular‐level body composition reference methods: evolving concepts and future directions

Excess adiposity is the main phenotypic feature that defines human obesity and that plays a pathophysiological role in most chronic diseases. Measuring the amount of fat mass present is thus a central aspect of studying obesity at the individual and population levels. Nevertheless, a consensus is lacking among investigators on a single accepted ‘reference’ approach for quantifying fat mass in vivo. While the research community generally relies on the multi‐component body volume class of ‘reference’ models for quantifying fat mass, no definable guide discerns among different applied equations for partitioning the four (fat, water, protein and mineral mass) or more quantified components, standardizes ‘adjustment’ or measurement system approaches for model‐required labelled water dilution volumes and bone mineral mass estimates, or firmly establishes the body temperature at which model physical properties are assumed. The resulting differing reference strategies for quantifying body composition in vivo leads to small, but under some circumstances, important differences in the amount of measured body fat. Recent technological advances highlight opportunities to expand model applications to new subject groups and measured components such as total body protein. The current report reviews the historical evolution of multi‐component body volume‐based methods in the context of prevailing uncertainties and future potential.
Two families of Xenopus tropicalis skeletal genes display well‐conserved expression patterns with mammals in spite of their highly divergent regulatory regions

SUMMARY The origin of bone and cartilage, and their subsequent diversification in specific vertebrate lineages, is intimately linked to the precise transcriptional control of genes involved in matrix mineralization. It is not yet clear, however, to which extent the osteoblasts, osteocytes, and chondrocytes of each of the major vertebrate groups express similar sets of genes. In this study we have focused on the evolution of two independent families of genes that code for extracellular matrix components of the skeleton and that include secreted protein, acidic, cysteine‐rich (SPARC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) paralogues, and the osteocalcin (OC) and matrix gla protein (MGP) paralogues. Analyzing developing Xenopus tropicalis skeletal elements, we show that the expression patterns of these genes are well conserved with mammals. The fact that only a few osteoblasts express DMP1, while only some osteocytes express SPARC and BSP, reveals a significant degree of molecular heterogeneity for these two populations of X. tropicalis cells, similarly to what has been described in mouse. Although the cis‐regulatory modules (CRM) of the mammalian OC, DMP1, and BSP orthologs have been functionally characterized, we found no evidence of sequence similarity between these regions and the X. tropicalis genome. Furthermore, these regulatory elements evolve rapidly, as they are only poorly conserved between human and rodents. Therefore, the SPARC/DMP1/BSP and the OC/MGP families provide a good paradigm to study how transcriptional output can be maintained in skeletal cells despite extensive sequence divergence of CRM.
Effect of weight training exercise and treadmill exercise on post-exercise oxygen consumption.

Effect of weight training exercise and treadmill exercise on postexercise oxygen consumption. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. , Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 518-522, 1998. To compare the effect of weight training (WT) and treadmill (TM) exercise on postexercise oxygen consumption (VO2), 15 males (mean +/- SD) age = 22.7 +/- 1.6 yr; height = 175.0 +/- 6.2 cm; mass = 82.0 +/- 14.3 kg) performed a 27-min bout of WT and a 27-min bout of TM exercise at matched rates of VO2. WT consisted of performing two circuits of eight exercises at 60% of each subject's one repetition maximum with a work/rest ratio of 45 s/60 s. Approximately 5 d after WT each subject walked or jogged on the TM at a pace that elicited an average VO2 matched with his mean value during WT. VO2 was measured continuously during exercise and the first 30 min into recovery and at 60 and 90 min into recovery. VO2 during WT (1.58 L.min-1) and TM exercise (1.55 L.min-1) were not significantly (P > 0.05) different; thus the two activities were matched for VO2. Total oxygen consumption during the first 30 min of recovery was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as a result of WT (19.0 L) compared with that during TM exercise (12.7 L). However, VO2 values at 60 (0.32 vs 0.29 L.min-1), and 90 min (0.33 vs 0.30 L.min-1) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between WT and TM exercise, respectively. The results suggest that, during the first 30 min following exercise. WT elicits a greater elevated postexercise VO2 than TM exercise when the two activities are performed at matched VO2 and equal durations. Therefore, total energy expenditure as a consequence of WT will be underestimated if based on exercise VO2 only.