Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QFGMOS based very low voltage wide bandwidth high performance CMOS current mirror

In this paper, a new low voltage very high performance quasi-floating gate based current mirror is proposed. The proposed current mirror combines the high accuracy, very low input resistance and extremely high output resistance characteristics of low voltage all cascode current mirror with wide bandwidth characteristics of quasi-floating MOSFET. It also increases the output resistance offered by the current mirror to a certain extent. The performance characteristics of the proposed current mirror were validated by carrying out simulations in Mentor Graphics Eldospice based on TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS technology, using a supply voltage of 1V. The current mirror operates for an input current range of 0- 500μA with an error less than 0.018%. At input current equal to 100μA the current mirror offers bandwidth of 735.12MHz and consumes 154. 26μW power. The simulation results show that at the specified input current, it provides input and output resistances of 0. 0047mΩ and 8. 59GΩ respectively. The robustness of the circuit against variations in device parameters are shown with the help of Monte Carlo analysis.
Treatment of acquired factor X inhibitor by plasma exchange with concomitant intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids

A patient with spontaneous hemorrhage from multiple body sites was found to have markedly prolonged international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) with incomplete correction of aPTT on mixing studies using normal plasma. The cause of this severe hemorrhage was due to a specific factor X inhibitor. No underlying or associated diseases were found. Initial treatment with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, and recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) was unsuccessful. However, therapy utilizing plasma exchange with concomitant intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids resulted in a rapid and sustained normalization of factor X levels with a clinical hemostatic response. Am. J. Hematol. , 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In Vitro Reconstitution of Rab GTPase-dependent Vesicle Clustering by the Yeast Lethal Giant Larvae/Tomosyn Homolog, Sro7*

Background: The mechanism by which Rab GTPases and their effectors act in tethering is not well understood. Results: An in vitro assay was developed to study vesicle clustering by the Lgl family member Sro7. Conclusion: Clustering in vitro and in vivo depends on the conformation of the Rab GTPase and Sro7. Significance: This assay provides a new tool to dissect the role of Rab and Lgl family function. Intracellular traffic in yeast between the Golgi and the cell surface is mediated by vesicular carriers that tether and fuse in a fashion that depends on the function of the Rab GTPase, Sec4. Overexpression of either of two Sec4 effectors, Sro7 or Sec15, results in the formation of a cluster of post-Golgi vesicles within the cell. Here, we describe a novel assay that recapitulates post-Golgi vesicle clustering in vitro utilizing purified Sro7 and vesicles isolated from late secretory mutants. We show clustering in vitro closely replicates the in vivo clustering process as it is highly dependent on both Sro7 and GTP-Sec4. We also make use of this assay to characterize a novel mutant form of Sro7 that results in a protein that is specifically defective in vesicle clustering both in vivo and in vitro. We show that this mutation acts by effecting a conformational change in Sro7 from the closed to a more open structure. Our analysis demonstrates that the N-terminal propeller needs to be able to engage the C-terminal tail for vesicle clustering to occur. Consistent with this, we show that occupancy of the N terminus of Sro7 by the t-SNARE Sec9, which results in the open conformation of Sro7, also acts to inhibit vesicle cluster formation by Sro7. This suggests a model by which a conformational switch in Sro7 acts to coordinate Rab-mediated vesicle tethering with SNARE assembly by requiring a single conformational state for both of these processes to occur.
Lack of tissue renewal in human adult Achilles tendon is revealed by nuclear bomb 14C

Tendons are often injured and heal poorly. Whether this is caused by a slow tissue turnover is unknown, since existing data provide diverging estimates of tendon protein half‐life that range from 2 mo to 200 yr. With the purpose of determining life‐long turnover of human tendon tissue, we used the 14C bomb‐pulse method. This method takes advantage of the dramatic increase in atmospheric levels of 14C, produced by nuclear bomb tests in 1955–1963, which is reflected in all living organisms. Levels of 14C were measured in 28 forensic samples of Achilles tendon core and 4 skeletal muscle samples (donor birth years 1945–1983) with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and compared to known atmospheric levels to estimate tissue turnover. We found that Achilles tendon tissue retained levels of 14C corresponding to atmospheric levels several decades before tissue sampling, demonstrating a very limited tissue turnover. The tendon concentrations of 14C approximately reflected the atmospheric levels present during the first 17 yr of life, indicating that the tendon core is formed during height growth and is essentially not renewed thereafter. In contrast, 14C levels in muscle indicated continuous turnover. Our observation provides a fundamental premise for understanding tendon function and pathology, and likely explains the poor regenerative capacity of tendon tissue. —Heinemeier, K. M. , Schjerling, P., Heinemeier, J., Magnusson, S. P., Kjaer, M. Lack of tissue renewal in human adult Achilles tendon is revealed by nuclear bomb 14C. FASEB J. 27, 2074–2079 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Real-time dobutamine stress myocardial perfusion echocardiography predicts outcome in the elderly.

AIMS Although there is an increasing number of studies showing the value of perfusion imaging with real-time contrast echocardiography (RTCE) for detecting coronary artery disease (CAD), no data exist regarding the value of this technique for detecting CAD and predicting outcome in the elderly. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the outcome of 399 patients > or =70 years old who underwent dobutamine stress RTCE for known or suspected CAD. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) was performed using low mechanical index pulse sequence schemes following intravenous small bolus injections of ultrasound contrast. Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed within 1 month of the stress test in 60 patients. Events were defined as cardiac death or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI). Sensitivity of MPI for detecting CAD by QCA was 94% [confidence interval (CI) 91-99], specificity was 67% (CI 36-74), and accuracy was 90% (CI 82-95). During a median follow-up of 21 months, 46 events occurred (31 cardiac deaths, 15 non-fatal MI). Univariate predictors of outcome were diuretic use (P = 0.03), abnormal stress wall motion (P < 0.0001), and abnormal stress MPI (P < 0.0001). Abnormal stress MPI, however, was the most significant predictor of outcome (chi(2) 7.5; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Myocardial perfusion analysis during dobutamine stress RTCE provides incremental predictive value in determining the outcome of elderly patients being evaluated for the presence of CAD.
Building a Location-Based Set of Social Media Users

In events such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or war zones, one can gain critical situational awareness by monitoring what people on the ground are saying in social media. But how does one build a set of users in a specific location from scratch? In “Building a Location-Based Set of Social Media Users,” Christopher Marks and Tauhid Zaman present an algorithm to do just this. The algorithm starts with a small set of seed users in the location and then grows this set using an “expand–classify” approach. They apply the algorithm to diverse regions ranging from South America to the Philippines and in a few hours can collect tens of thousands of Twitter users in the target locations. The algorithm is language agnostic, making it especially useful for anyone trying to gain situational awareness in foreign countries.
Autosomal dominant familial spastic paraplegia: tight linkage to chromosome 15q.

Autosomal dominant, uncomplicated familial spastic paraplegia (FSP) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by insidiously progressive lower-extremity spasticity. Recently, a locus on chromosome 14q was shown to be tightly linked with the disorder in one of three families. We performed linkage analysis in a kindred with autosomal dominant uncomplicated FSP. After excluding the chromosome 14q locus, we observed tight linkage of the disorder to a group of markers on chromosome 15q (maximum two-point lod score 9.70; theta = .05). Our results clearly establish the existence of a locus for autosomal dominant FSP in the centromeric region of chromosome 15q. Comparing clinical and genetic features in FSP families linked to chromosome 14q with those linked to chromosome 15q may provide insight into the pathophysiology of this disorder.
Hybrid multilevel inverter drive with synchronous modulation and current waveform improvement

The use of multilevel converters is widespread in medium-voltage applications due to their inherent capability to share the voltage between the power devices. More than one multilevel topology can be combined to form a single Hybrid Converter with improved capabilities. In particular, the series connection of a neutral point clamped (NPC) as a main inverter, providing the active power, and a floating H-Bridge in each phase as conditioning inverters is analyzed in this paper. The function of these conditioning inverters is to compensate the harmonics generated by the main inverter, reducing the current distortion by delivering reactive power. The switching frequency of the main inverter is limited to reduce the switching losses by means of synchronous pulsewidth modulation. In this work, synchronous optimal pulsewidth modulation that minimize the weighted voltage THD in the NPC has been selected, while higher frequency subharmonic PWM is used for the floating H-Bridges. Design criteria for the selection of a proper value for the H-Bridge dc-link voltage and a simple control algorithm for its regulation are proposed. This scheme achieves currents with low distortion, resulting in a lower torque ripple and lower machine losses in a induction motor drive. Experimental results using a 2.5kW converter prototype feeding a R-L load are shown to illustrate the operation of this topology and dynamic operation of an induction machine fed by this converter under V/f control is presented.
Comparative ecology of Neotropical bird lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera)

Data are presented comprising the first quantitative survey of lice from Neotropical birds. The data were collected in the Andean foothills of south-eastern Peru using a novel scheme for quantitative sampling of ectoparasites from freshly killed hosts. In total, 685 birds representing 127 species in 26 families were sampled for lice; 327 (47.7%) birds were parasitized, with a mean intensity of 6.6 lice per bird and a mean richness of 1.1 louse species per host species. The bulk of variation in louse load was among host species nested within genera, although some variation occurred at higher taxonomic levels
Viewpoint: When Conversation Is Better Than Computation

While largely ignored in informatics thinking, the clinical communication space accounts for the major part of the information flow in health care. Growing evidence indicates that errors in communication give rise to substantial clinical morbidity and mortality. This paper explores the implications of acknowledging the primacy of the communication space in informatics and explores some solutions to communication difficulties. It also examines whether understanding the dynamics of communication between human beings can also improve the way we design information systems in health care. Using the concept of common ground in conversation, proposals are suggested for modeling the common ground between a system and human users. Such models provide insights into when communication or computational systems are better suited to solving information problems.
Study the induced voltage caused by lightning flash to overhead power lines tower

To estimate overhead lines lightning performance, the back flashover critical current computation of insulators is important. There are two methods at present. One method counts for the surge response at cross-arm and shielding wires, also shielding wires inducing voltage on phase lines. The other method not only considers the above components, but also counts for the lines induced voltage caused by the lightning electromagnetic field. The two methods produce great differences for the same lines. Many studies have proved that overhead lines induced voltage caused by lightning flash to their nearby ground be high, the biggest induced voltage reaches to or exceeds its operation voltage a few times. As lightning flash to tower, because the lightning return stroke channel or lightning striking point is near to the considering lines, its induced voltage will be accordingly higher than that produced by indirect lightning striking to nearby ground. This paper analyzes the lightning current distribution in the lightning channel and the transmission tower when lightning flash to a tower top. It is found that the great lightning current is reflected to the lightning channel because of the reflection effect at the tower top. When the tower is higher, the lightning striking point is far away from the ground. Based on the electromagnetic field theory, the induced voltage on the same height overhead lines is small since big lightning current is far away on the tower top. Using numerical electromagnetic code and its coupling to lines modeling, the overhead lines induced voltages are computed. The simulation results show that, sameness to the indirect lightning, the influence action of lightning striking distance is transformed to the tower up-leader height. That is, the lines induced voltage caused by lightning striking to tower top not only relates to the lines height, but also relates to the tower height.
A Dependency Treebank of the Chinese Buddhist Canon

We present a dependency treebank of the Chinese Buddhist Canon, which contains 1,514 texts with about 50 million Chinese characters. The treebank was created by an automatic parser trained on a smaller treebank, containing four manually annotated sutras (Lee and Kong, 2014). We report results on word segmentation, part-of-speech tagging and dependency parsing, and discuss challenges posed by the processing of medieval Chinese. In a case study, we exploit the treebank to examine verbs frequently associated with Buddha, and to analyze usage patterns of quotative verbs in direct speech. Our results suggest that certain quotative verbs imply status differences between the speaker and the listener.
Cumulant-based blind identification of linear multi-input-multi-output systems driven by colored inputs

The blind identification problem of a linear multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) system is widely noticed by many researchers in diverse fields due to its relevance to blind signal separation. However, such a problem is ill-posed and has no unique solution. Therefore, we can only find a solution of the problem within an equivalence class. We address the blind identification problem of the linear MIMO system driven by unobservable colored inputs using higher order statistics (HOS), particularly the fourth-order cumulants, of the outputs, where the unobservable inputs are mutually independent but temporally colored linear processes. We first define the set, which is denoted by S, of stable scalar transfer functions and then define the notion of a generalized permutation matrix (which is abbreviated by a g-matrix) over S. Then, it is shown that the transfer function matrix of an unknown system is identified only up to post-multiplication by a g matrix. This result is applied to identifying FIR systems for blind signal separation.
The nested indian buffet process for flexible topic modeling

This paper presents a ﬂexible topic model based on the nested Indian buffet process (nIBP). The ﬂexibility is achieved by re-laxing three constraints: (1) number of topics is ﬁxed, (2) topics are independent, and (3) topic hierarchy for a document is limited by a single tree path. Bayesian nonparametric learning is conducted to build a tree model where the number of topics and the topic hierarchies are automatically learnt from the given data. In particular, we propose the nIBP to construct the topic mixture model for representation of heterogeneous documents where the mixture components are ﬂexibly selected from tree nodes or dishes that a document or customer chooses in Indian buffet process. The selection is performed in a nested and hierarchical manner. The experiments on document representation show the beneﬁts of using the proposed nIBP.
Role of HER receptors family in development and differentiation

Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases play a critical role in both development and oncogenesis. The latter is suggested by the frequent overexpression of HER‐2, EGFR, and HER‐3 in some human carcinomas, primarily breast and squamous cancer. The biological activities of the EGFR family are exerted through various ligand–receptor and receptor–receptor interactions. One receptor that plays a central role in this signaling network is HER‐2/Neu, which is considered the preferred heterodimerization partner for other members of the EGFR family. The role of these receptors and their ligands in development is discussed, with particular emphasis on their ability to mediate a variety of pathways and cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A wideband and low phase noise CMOS Voltage Controlled Oscillator

In this paper, a wideband LC cross-coupled VCO is designed and realized with the TSMC 0.18 mum CMOS technology. By incorporating band switching capacitors, the overall tuning frequency range is divided into 16 bands, covering 1.17-1.9 GHz (47%). A linear time variant (LTV) model is used to quantitatively analyze voltage biased oscillators. In order to minimize the phase noise, the size of the MOSFET and the tank inductance are optimized, and a noise filtering technique is adopted.
Formation of nucleosomes on positively supercoiled DNA.

A transcribing RNA polymerase is thought to generate positive supercoils in front of the advancing transcription complex and negative supercoils behind. We have examined the possibility that positive supercoils might destabilize nucleosomes, facilitating transcription. We show that histone octamers bind to positively supercoiled DNA, and that after the complex is relaxed, ‘classical’ nucleosomes are present. We tested the possibility that nucleosomes on positively supercoiled DNA are in an altered (presumably more open) conformation, but revert to the classical structure only on release of this stress. However, circular dichroic spectra, and chemical cross‐linking and modification of core histones, all suggest that the complexes initially formed on positively supercoiled DNA are classical nucleosomes. Although such structures are stable, their formation requires the plasmid to become more positively supercoiled, resulting in greater superhelical stress. In contrast, formation of nucleosomes on negatively supercoiled DNA relieves superhelical stress. In an exchange experiment in which equilibrium is achieved, nucleosomes transfer from positively to negatively supercoiled DNA, as predicted from the super‐coiling free energies of the reactions. This suggests a mechanism for transcription of a gene assembled into chromatin, in which octamers are sequentially transferred from the region in front of the polymerase to the region behind.
Powered Instrumentation in Dissection of the Frontal Recess

The use of powered instrumentation in functional endoscopic sinus surgery has become very popular due to its safety and thoroughness. An area which has been more problematic in the use of this technique has been the frontal recess, due to its anatomic location and associated risk of serious complications. We have done a number of powered dissections of the frontal recess as a surgical treatment of refractory frontal sinusitis, and find that it is extremely safe and effective. The ability of the powered devices to preserve normal mucosa allows an adequate surgical approach while significantly decreasing the postoperative risk of frontal recess stenosis and reocclusion. We feel that powered dissection of the frontal recess offers a significant advantage over standard techniques in this anatomic location.
Conformal-Based Surface Morphing and Multi-Scale Representation

This paper presents two algorithms, based on conformal geometry, for the multi-scale representations of geometric shapes and surface morphing. A multi-scale surface representation aims to describe a 3D shape at different levels of geometric detail, which allows analyzing or editing surfaces at the global or local scales effectively. Surface morphing refers to the process of interpolating between two geometric shapes, which has been widely applied to estimate or analyze deformations in computer graphics, computer vision and medical imaging. In this work, we propose two geometric models for surface morphing and multi-scale representation for 3D surfaces. The basic idea is to represent a 3D surface by its mean curvature function, H, and conformal factor function λ, which uniquely determine the geometry of the surface according to Riemann surface theory. Once we have the (λ, H) parameterization of the surface, post-processing of the surface can be done directly on the conformal parameter domain. In particular, the problem of multi-scale representations of shapes can be reduced to the signal filtering on the λ and H parameters. On the other hand, the surface morphing problem can be transformed to an interpolation process of two sets of (λ, H) parameters. We test the proposed algorithms on 3D human face data and MRI-derived brain surfaces. Experimental results show that our proposed methods can effectively obtain multi-scale surface representations and give natural surface morphing results.