Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linearly/circularly polarized multi-beam transmitarray antennas for wireless terahertz communications

Design of 411 unit-cell elements in a circular configuration transmitarray using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) has been introduced. The proposed transmitarray is used as a terahertz (THz) link at 4.5 THz, enabling wireless network on-chip interconnections for multi-core processor technology. Linearly polarized single-beam and multi-beam transmitarrays fed by linearly polarized horn have been designed and investigated. New proposed transmitarray layout arrangement for multi-beam configuration allows the distribution of the elements over the whole array aperture, which allowed higher gain for each beam. A 2×2 circularly polarized DRA sub-array is used to feed the transmitarray instead of the horn for circular polarization. The feeding sub-array is compactness and easier integration with the array. Circularly polarized transmitarray fed with the DRA sub-array have been investigated in single-beam and triple-beam applications. Triple-beam directive transmitarray antenna has been designed for beams at angles -30°, 0°, and 30°. The cells for such antenna have been arranged by placing successive cells from -30°, 0°, and 30° triple-beam transmitarray in tandem. The folded transmitarray is used to reduce the size of the transmitarray antenna by using a folding metal plate located at a distance from the array aperture. The arrays are designed and analyzed using the finite integral technique.
Motivation for Substance Use: Why Do People Use Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana?

The research aimed to explore the salience of different motives for substance use among alcohol, tobacco and marijuana users, and to investigate the difference in motives' salience with regard to frequency of substance use and respondents' socio-demographic characteristics. Data were collected among subsamples of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana users drawn from the representative sample of Croatian citizens (N = 4756). Respondents assessed four types, and for marijuana use five types of motives for each substance use (enhancement, social, conformity, coping, and expansion). The enhancement motives were assessed as the most, and conformity motives as the least salient motives among all groups of substance users. Generally, enhanced salience of motives was related to the frequency of all types of substance use. While age had significant effect on the salience of social motives for tobacco use, gender and marital status had significant effect on the salience of all motives for alcohol use, and age had significant effect only on the salience of enhancement and social motives for alcohol use. Among marijuana users, only marital status had significant effect on the salience of expansion motives for marijuana use. Results are discussed within the framework of motivational models for substance use.
PROPERTIES OF SPONTANEOUS MUTATIONAL VARIANCE AND COVARIANCE FOR WING SIZE AND SHAPE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

We estimated mutational variance–covariance matrices, M, for wing shape and size in two genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster after 192 generations of mutation accumulation. We characterized 21 potentially independent aspects of wing shape and size using geometric morphometrics, and analyzed the data using a likelihood‐based factor‐analytic approach. We implement a previously unused analysis that describes those directions with the greatest difference in evolvability between pairs of matrices. There are significant mutational effects on 19 of 21 possible aspects of wing form, consistent with the high dimensionality of standing genetic variation for wing shape previously identified in D. melanogaster. Mutations have partially recessive effects, consistent with average dominance around 0.25. Sex‐specific matrices are relatively similar, although male‐specific matrices are slightly larger, as expected due to dosage compensation on the X chromosome. Genotype‐specific matrices are quite different. Matrices may differ both because of sampling error based on small samples of mutations with large phenotypic effects, and because of the mutational properties of the genotypes. Genotypic differences are likely to be involved, as the two genotypes have different molecular mutation rates and properties.
Image segmentation by weight adaptation and oscillatory correlation

We propose a novel approach for image segmentation on the basis of a neural oscillator network. Unlike previous approaches, weight adaptation is introduced during segmentation for noise removal and feature preservation. Moreover, a logarithmic grouping rule is proposed to facilitate grouping of oscillators representing pixels with coherent properties. We show that our weight adaptation scheme is insensitive to termination times, and the resulting dynamic weights in a wide range of iterations lead to the same segmentation results. A computer algorithm derived from oscillatory dynamics is applied to synthetic and real images, and simulation results show that the algorithm yields favorable segmentation results.
Carbon monoxide in the expired air of smokers who smoke so-called “light” brands of cigarettes

Editor,—Tobacco smoke is an important source of carbon monoxide (CO). Smokers with expired CO values of 11–21 parts per million (ppm) are defined as mild smokers, whereas those with expired CO values of more than 21 ppm are defined as heavy smokers.1 We report on the expired CO readings of smokers who smoke “light” brands compared to those who smoke regular brands. The approach chosen was designed to reflect real smoking habits, and was not laboratory based. Many health agencies measure tar and CO values using smoking machines under standardised laboratory conditions.2 However, cigarettes are not smoked by machines, and smokers may titrate their nicotine intake by varying their smoke inhalation and cigarette consumption.3 4 Here we show that there is no difference in CO concentrations in the expired …
Activities enjoyed by patients with dementia together with their spouses and psychological morbidity in carers

Caring for a spouse with dementia is stressful and respite care is sometimes used to reduce this burden. Spouses may find some aspects of caring rewarding but the literature on positive aspects of caring is limited. To describe activities enjoyed by patients with dementia together with their spouses, and examine their relationship with psychological morbidity in carers. A convenience sample of 46 patients with mild to moderate dementia (91% with Alzheimer's disease, AD) and their spouses were interviewed at home. Spouses completed the Pleasant Events Schedule (PES-AD) to identify activities enjoyed by patients and spouses on their own and together. Psychological morbidity in spouses was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Cognitive functions, and non-cognitive symptoms were also assessed in patients. Multiple regression analysis using age, Mini-Mental State Examination, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, Revised Memory and Behaviour Problems (RMBP) checklist frequency, and PES-AD- together scores as independent variables found PES-AD-together and RMBP-frequency to be independent predictors of GHQ-12 scores in spouses, but the model could explain only 28% of variance. Facilitating activities that are enjoyed by both patients with dementia and spouses may be an alternative intervention strategy to reduce carer burden. †Abstract presented as a poster at the International Psychogeriatric Association 12th Congress in Stockholm, Sweden–20th–24th September 2005.
Throughput-driven floorplanning with wire pipelining

The size of future high-performance SoC is such that the time-of-flight of wires connecting distant pins in the layout can be much higher than the clock period. In order to keep the frequency as high as possible, the wires may be pipelined. However, the insertion of flip-flops may alter the throughput of the system due to the presence of loops in the logic netlist. In this paper, we address the problem of floorplanning a large design where long interconnects are pipelined by inserting the throughput in the cost function of a tool based on simulated annealing. The results obtained on a series of benchmarks are then validated using a simple router that breaks long interconnects by suitably placing flip-flops along the wires.
Expert and Novice Performance in Solving Physics Problems

Although a sizable body of knowledge is prerequisite to expert skill, that knowledge must be indexed by large numbers of patterns that, on recognition, guide the expert in a fraction of a second to relevant parts of the knowledge store. The knowledge forms complex schemata that can guide a problem's interpretation and solution and that constitute a large part of what we call physical intuition.
An algorithm for fast composition of weighted finite-state transducers

In automatic speech recognition based on weighted-finite transducers, a static decoding graph HC o L o G is typically constructed. In this work, we first show how the size of the decoding graph can be reduced and the necessity of determinizing it can be eliminated by removing the ambiguity associated with transitions to the backoff state or states in G. We then show how the static construction can be avoided entirely by performing fast on-the-fly composition of HC and L o G. We demonstrate that speech recognition based on this on-the-fly composition approximately 80% more run-time than recognition based on the statically-expanded network R, which makes it competitive compared with other dynamic expansion algorithms that have appeared in the literature. Moreover, the dynamic algorithm requires a factor of approximately seven less main memory as the recognition based on the static decoding graph.
On Foreground Removal from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe Data by an Internal Linear Combination Method: Limitations and Implications

We study the Internal Linear Combination (ILC) method presented by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) science team, with the goal of determining whether it may be used for cosmological purposes, as a template-free alternative to existing foreground-correction methods. We conclude that the method does have the potential to do just that, but great care must be taken both in implementation and in a detailed understanding of limitations caused by residual foregrounds, which can still affect cosmological results. As a first step we demonstrate how to compute the ILC weights both accurately and efficiently by means of Lagrange multipliers, and we apply this method to the observed data to produce a new version of the ILC map. This map has 12% lower variance than the ILC map of the WMAP team, primarily because of less noise. Next we describe how to generate Monte Carlo simulations of the ILC map and find that these agree well with the observed map on angular scales up to l ≈ 200, using a conservative sky cut. Finally we make two comments to the ongoing debates concerning the large-scale properties of the WMAP data. First, we note that the Galactic southeastern quadrant is associated with notably different ILC weights than the other three quadrants, possibly indicating a foreground-related anisotropy. Second, we study the properties of the quadrupole and octopole (amplitude, alignment, and planarity) and reproduce the previously reported results that the quadrupole and octopole are strongly aligned and that the octopole is moderately planar. Even more interestingly, we find that the l = 5 mode is spherically symmetric at about 3 σ, and that the l = 6 mode is planar at the 2 σ level. However, we also assess the impact of residual foregrounds on these statistics, and find that the ILC map is not clean enough to allow for cosmological conclusions. Alternative methods must be developed to study these issues further.
A numerical approach for time-optimal path-planning of kinematically redundant manipulators

SUMMARY In this paper, a numerical approach is proposed to solve the time-optimal path-planning (TOPP) problem of kinematically redundant manipulators between two end-points. The first step is to transform the TOPP problem into a nonlinear programming problem by an iterative procedure. Then an approach to find the initial feasible solutions of the problem is proposed. Since initial feasible solutions can be found easily, the optimization process of the nonlinear programming problem can be started from different points to find the global minimum. A planar three-link robotic manipulator is used to illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
Enabling Realistic Fine-Grain Voltage Scaling with Reconfigurable Power Distribution Networks

Recent work has shown that monolithic integration of voltage regulators will be feasible in the near future, enabling reduced system cost and the potential for fine-grain voltage scaling (FGVS). More specifically, on-chip switched-capacitor regulators appear to offer an attractive trade-off in terms of integration complexity, power density, power efficiency, and response time. In this paper, we use architecture-level modeling to explore a new dynamic voltage/frequency scaling controller called the fine-grain synchronization controller (FG-SYNC+). FG-SYNC+ enables improved performance and energy efficiency at similar average power for multithreaded applications with activity imbalance. We then use circuit-level modeling to explore various approaches to organizing on-chip voltage regulation, including a new approach called reconfigurable power distribution networks (RPDNs). RPDNs allow one regulator to "borrow" energy storage from regulators associated with underutilized cores resulting in improved area/power efficiency and faster response times. We evaluate FG-SYNC+ and RPDN using a vertically integrated research methodology, and our results demonstrate a 10-50% performance and 10-70% energy-efficiency improvement on the majority of the applications studied compared to no FGVS, yet RPDN uses 40% less area compared to a more traditional per-core regulation scheme.
The effect of alexithymic features on response to antidepressant medication in patients with major depression

There has been no follow‐up study regarding the effect of alexithymic features on antidepressant treatment. This study was planned to observe whether alexithymia effects short‐term treatment outcome in depression. The study included 32 alexithymic and 33 nonalexithymic outpatients with major depression. Depression was assessed on the basis of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID‐I). Level of depression was measured using the 17‐item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D). Alexithymia was screened using the Turkish version of Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS‐20). All patients received 20 mg/d paroxetine for 10 weeks. Alexithymic and nonalexithymic patients were compared on the HAM‐D scores, TAS‐20 scores, and rate of response to antidepressant medication. The rate of responders, defined by a reduction of >50% from baseline in HAM‐D total score, was 21.9% in the alexithymic group and 54.5% in the nonalexithymic group. Changes in the HAM‐D scores were significantly correlated with the TAS‐20 scores. TAS‐20 scores dropped below 61 in only 31.2% of the alexithymic patients, and 68.8% of patients remained alexithymic. Whereas 50% of patients whose TAS‐20 scores dropped below 61 responded to antidepressant medication, this rate was only 9.1% among patients who remained alexithymic. These findings indicated that the stability of alexithymic features had a negative effect on antidepressant treatment in depression. Depression and Anxiety 18:62–66, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Principles of Bounded Deferral for Balancing Information Awareness with Interruption

We present a study of bounded deferral, notification policies that defer incoming alerts for a bounded time if a user is busy when alerts arrive. We first review empirical studies that highlight the value of pursuing a deeper understanding of bounded-deferral policies. Then, we present a general decision-theoretic formulation of bounded deferral. We introduce families of functions that are expressive yet enable optimization of deferral times based on the outcome of simple tests.
Our Children's Futures: are there lessons for environmental educators?

Summary This paper argues the importance not only of actively listening to young people's voices on the twenty first century but for quality responses by teachers and teacher educators. Drawing upon new research in Australian schools, this article, which is a revised version of a paper presented at the European — Australian Invitational Seminar on Research in Environmental Education at the Binna Burra Rainforest Lodge and Griffith University in 1995, addresses such critical questions as: What are our children's fears about the twenty first century? What are their dreams? As environmental educators, what can we learn from what our children have to say about the future? A strong case is put for an explicit futures dimension, both in environmental education programmes and the school curriculum generally, if we are to better meet our children's needs and the needs of successive generations to live in more ecologically sustainable ways.
Effects of experimentally induced mental and physical stress on motor unit recruitment in the trapezius muscle

Mental stress may induce muscle tension and it is thought to contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Prolonged activity of a muscle's motor units (the smallest functional units) having low activation thresholds, may cause metabolic disturbances, degenerative processes and pain. The present experiment was aimed at investigating if the same motor units are activated by mental stress as by physical demands. Seventeen participants were exposed to mental stress tests (mental arithmetic, Stroop color word) and physical demands (standardized reference contraction, force ramp contraction) in the laboratory. In addition, they were exposed to the cold pressor test. Bipolar intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) activity was measured in the trapezius muscle, which covers the upper part of the back, the neck and the shoulder, and an automatic classification programme was used to separate the contributions of the individual motor units in the compex EMG signal. Overall muscle activity was measured by bipolar surface EMG and heart rate was recorded as an indicator of stress. The mental stress induced significant increases in muscle activity ( p < .05) and in heart rate ( p < .05). In 12 out of 14 participants, one or more motor units were found to be active in mentally as well as in physically induced muscle contraction. The results indicate that mentally induced stress may contribute to keeping low threshold motor units active, even in the absence of physical demands. Considering the health risks of prolonged motor unit activity, it was concluded that lack of mental rest is an important risk factor for the development of muscular pain.
3D Structure from a Single Calibrated View Using Distance Constraints

SUMMARY We propose a new method to recover scene points from asingle calibrated view using a subset of distances among the points. Thispaperﬁrstintroducestheproblemanditsrelationship withtheperspective n point problem. Then the number of distances required to uniquely recoverscene points are explored. The result is then developed into a practicalvision algorithm to calculate the initial points’ coordinates using distanceconstraints. Finally SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming) is used tooptimize the initial estimations. It can minimize a cost function deﬁned asthe sum of squared reprojection errors while keeping the speciﬁed distanceconstraints strictly satisﬁed. Both simulation data and real scene imageshave been used to test the proposed method, and good results have beenobtained. key words: perspective n point problem, single view reconstruction, sensi-tivity analysis, sequential quadratic programming 1. Introduction Traditional image-based 3D reconstruction methods usemultiple views to extract 3D geometry. However, when re-constructing scene structures with only one photograph orretrieving dynamic scene properties shot by one video cam-era, only a single view exists. To recover 3D scene struc-ture from a single view, 3D scene constraints need to beutilized[1]. A variety of 3D scene geometry constraintshavebeenidentiﬁedandusedincomputervisionalgorithms. Traditional constraints have used vanishing points, planesand geometric invariants constraints[2]–[4]. Some workhas used the constraint of multiple objects of the same typein the scene separated by a simple translation[5]. How-ever,thesegeometryconstraintsarelimitedtocertainmodeltypes,forexample, scenescomposedofplanesorothersim-ple primitives.The 3D scene distance constraints are used to recover3D models from a single view in this paper. Since 3D scenedistance constraints exist in almost every kind of scenes,the proposed technique can be applied in a wide variety ofscenes that contain points, lines, and planaror freeform sur-faces. In multiple view cases, 3D scene distance constrainthas been applied in motion capture applications to upgradeaﬃne reconstruction to a metric one[6]. In single view re-construction applications, the 3D scene distance constraintshave not been eﬀectively utilized so far.The closest work to ours is the traditional perspective
Greedy sequential maximal independent set and matching are parallel on average

The greedy sequential algorithm for maximal independent set (MIS) loops over the vertices in an arbitrary order adding a vertex to the resulting set if and only if no previous neighboring vertex has been added. In this loop, as in many sequential loops, each iterate will only depend on a subset of the previous iterates (i.e. knowing that any one of a vertex's previous neighbors is in the MIS, or knowing that it has no previous neighbors, is sufficient to decide its fate one way or the other). This leads to a dependence structure among the iterates. If this structure is shallow then running the iterates in parallel while respecting the dependencies can lead to an efficient parallel implementation mimicking the sequential algorithm. In this paper, we show that for any graph, and for a random ordering of the vertices, the dependence length of the sequential greedy MIS algorithm is polylogarithmic (O(log^2 n) with high probability). Our results extend previous results that show polylogarithmic bounds only for random graphs. We show similar results for greedy maximal matching (MM). For both problems we describe simple linear-work parallel algorithms based on the approach. The algorithms allow for a smooth tradeoff between more parallelism and reduced work, but always return the same result as the sequential greedy algorithms. We present experimental results that demonstrate efficiency and the tradeoff between work and parallelism.
Demonstration of Binaural Advantage in Audiometric Test Rooms

Binaural advantage was measured for 12 normally hearing subjects in a typical rectangular audiometric test room with a loudspeaker located in each corner. Four different loudspeaker configurations for presentation of signal and competition were evaluated. The results indicated that a configuration in which uncorrelated competition was delivered from both sides of the subject while the signal was presented from a 0 azimuth was the most resistant to interaural asymmetries resulting from the room geometry and produced the most consistent binaural advantages. Binaural advantage was then measured using this loudspeaker configuration for 15 hearing-impaired individuals wearing hearing aids. Although the group results indicated a mean unaided binaural advantage only slightly smaller than seen in the normal hearers, when hearing aids were worn an interaural asymmetry in a signal-to-competition ratio developed that reduced the clinical usefulness of the data for individuals. This outcome emphasizes that a valid clinical demonstration of binaural advantage is critically dependent on interauFal symmetry in signal-to-competition ratios for both aided and unaided tests. Such symmetry may be difficult to achieve in a typical audiometric test room.