Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SnipMatch: using source code context to enhance snippet retrieval and parameterization

Programmers routinely use source code snippets to increase their productivity. However, locating and adapting code snippets to the current context still takes time: for example, variables must be renamed, and dependencies included. We believe that when programmers decide to invest time in creating a new code snippet from scratch, they would also be willing to spend additional effort to make that code snippet configurable and easy to integrate. To explore this insight, we built SnipMatch, a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE. SnipMatch introduces a simple markup that allows snippet authors to specify search patterns and integration instructions. SnipMatch leverages this information, in conjunction with current code context, to improve snippet search and parameterization. For example, when a search query includes local variables, SnipMatch suggests compatible snippets, and automatically adapts them by substituting in these variables. In the lab, we observed that participants integrated snippets faster when using SnipMatch than when using standard Eclipse. Findings from a public deployment to 93 programmers suggest that SnipMatch has become integrated into the work practices of real users.
Using barometers to determine the height for indoor positioning

It is well known that atmospheric pressure decreases when altitude increases. Models have been created to relate altitude or height to pressure. A barometer can measure the air pressure and then the altitude can be calculated. Before the era of GNSS, barometers were widely used to determine heights outdoors. The invention of GNSS was a revolution in positioning and navigation. However, it does not work in an indoor environment. Alternative technologies have been developed such as Wi-Fi fingerprinting mainly for 2D positioning and navigation. In some of the applications, 3D or 2.5D (the level of the building) is required. Using barometers is a possible solution and some new mobile phones have a built in pressure sensor. But there are many issues that should be considered. Is height determined from barometric pressure accurate enough? Is there a latency problem? Does the air conditioning in an almost sealed building significantly affect height readings? This paper discusses the necessary considerations to use barometers for indoor applications based on experiments. Possible solutions are suggested.
Hamming distance based distributed scan chain reordering for test power optimization

Scan chain design is a popular design-for-test technique for testing of sequential circuits. Significant amount of power is consumed during loading and unloading of scan chains due to weighted transitions. As the power consumption in the test mode is quite high compared to normal circuit operation, the test power has become the prime concern for current research. Scan chain reordering is widely used method to reduce test power. In this paper, a Hamming distance based distributed reordering for loading and unloading scan chain vector is proposed. This method focuses on how and where weighted transitions occur. In current scenario of VLSI the manufacturing cost and area of transistor is no longer a big issue for current VLSI world. In this context, the proposed method shows promising results in reduction of test power at a cost of area. The experimental results for widely sited ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Reducing the sampling complexity of topic models

Inference in topic models typically involves a sampling step to associate latent variables with observations. Unfortunately the generative model loses sparsity as the amount of data increases, requiring O(k) operations per word for k topics. In this paper we propose an algorithm which scales linearly with the number of actually instantiated topics kd in the document. For large document collections and in structured hierarchical models kd ll k. This yields an order of magnitude speedup. Our method applies to a wide variety of statistical models such as PDP [16,4] and HDP [19]. At its core is the idea that dense, slowly changing distributions can be approximated efficiently by the combination of a Metropolis-Hastings step, use of sparsity, and amortized constant time sampling via Walker's alias method.
Visual attention during brand choice: an eye-fixation analysis

Measures derived from eye-movement data reveal that during brand choice consumers adapt to time pressure by accelerating information acquisition, by filtering information and by changing their information acquisition strategy. In addition, consumers with high task motivation filter brand information less and pictorial information more. Consumers under time pressure filter textual ingredient information more, and pictorial information less. The results of a multi level logistic regression analysis reveal that the chosen brand is involved in significantly more intra-brand and inter-brand saccades than non-chosen brands, independent of time pressure and task motivation conditions. Implications for the theory of consumer attention and for pretesting of packaging and shelf lay-outs are offered. These results indicate that the experimental were successful in creating differencc:s in felt time pressure and task motivation, and that potential differences between time pressure conditions are due to differences in processing capacity and not due to differences in subjects' arousal or psychological stress visual attention theoretically The results show that visual attention adapts rapidly to differences in time pressure and task motivation. Under high time pressure consumers accelerated information acquisition as indicated by the decreased average duration of their eye fixations. They also filtered information by skipping information elements on the brands. Filtering is non-random, as in particular the textual information elements of the brands were skipped more. Under high time pressure consumers also shifted to a processing-by-attribute strategy, indicated by increasing numbers of inter-brand saccades. Highly motivated consumers decelerated information acquisition, indicated by higher average fixation durations, and they de-emphasised processing-by-attribute indicated by reduced levels of inter-brand saccades. While we did not find overall differences in the number of skipped brand elements between task motivation conditions, we did find significant differences in the types of brand elements that were skipped. Specifically, when motivation was high consumers skipped less of the brand names and more of the pictorial elements.
Incidence of postoperative death and acute kidney injury associated with i.v. 6% hydroxyethyl starch use: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Trials suggest that the use of i.v. hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions is associ-ated with increased risk of death and acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. It is uncertain whether similar adverse effects occur in surgical patients. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials in which patients were randomly allocated to 6% HES solutions or alternative i.v. fluids in patients undergoing surgery. Ovid Medline, Embase, Cinhal, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for trials comparing 6% HES with clinically relevant non-starch comparator. The primary end-point was hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT) and author-defined AKI. Pre-defined subgroups were cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. RESULTS Four hundred and fifty-six papers were identified; of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. In total, 1567 patients were included in the analysis. Dichotomous outcomes were expressed as a difference of proportions [risk difference (RD)]. There was no difference in hospital mortality [RD 0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.02, 0.02], requirement for RRT (RD -0.01, 95% CI -0.04, 0.02), or AKI (RD 0.02, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.06) between compared arms overall or in predefined subgroups. CONCLUSIONS We did not identify any differences in the incidence of death or AKI in surgical patients receiving 6% HES. Included studies were small with low event rates and low risk of heterogeneity. Narrow CIs suggest that these findings are valid. Given the absence of demonstrable benefit, we are unable to recommend the use of 6% HES solution in surgical patients.
Recent Findings Concerning PAMAM Dendrimer Conjugates with Cyclodextrins as Carriers of DNA and RNA

We have evaluated the potential use of various polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer [dendrimer, generation (G) 2-4] conjugates with cyclodextrins (CyDs) as novel DNA and RNA carriers. Among the various dendrimer conjugates with CyDs, the dendrimer (G3) conjugate with α-CyD having an average degree of substitution (DS) of 2.4 [α-CDE (G3, DS2)] displayed remarkable properties as DNA, shRNA and siRNA delivery carriers through the sensor function of α-CDEs toward nucleic acid drugs, cell surface and endosomal membranes. In an attempt to develop cell-specific gene transfer carriers, we prepared sugar-appended α-CDEs. Of the various sugar-appended α-CDEs prepared, galactose- or mannose-appended α-CDEs provided superior gene transfer activity to α-CDE in various cells, but not cell-specific gene delivery ability. However, lactose-appended α-CDE [Lac-α-CDE (G2)] was found to possess asialoglycoprotein receptor (AgpR)-mediated hepatocyte-selective gene transfer activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Most recently, we prepared folate-poly(ethylene glycol)-appended α-CDE [Fol-PαC (G3)] and revealed that Fol-PαC (G3) imparted folate receptor (FR)-mediated cancer cell-selective gene transfer activity. Consequently, α-CDEs bearing integrated, multifunctional molecules may possess the potential to be novel carriers for DNA, shRNA and siRNA.
Evaluation of Vasomotor Reactivity by Transcranial Doppler and Acetazolamide Test Before and After Extracranial–Intracranial Bypass in Patients With Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

Background and Purpose The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of extracranialintracranial bypass with respect to vasomotor reactivity in patients with internal carotid artery occlusions and absent vasomotor reactivity, comparing them with a control group treated conservatively. Methods To test vasomotor reactivity in 104 patients with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery, we measured blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery by transcranial Doppler sonography both at rest and after injection of acetazolamide. Among the 39 patients who failed to show increased mean blood flow velocity after the acetazolamide test distal to an occluded internal carotid artery by ≥10%, 14 subjects subsequently underwent extracranial-intracranial bypass surgery (group A) and 14 age- and sex-matched subjects in whom no such procedure was done composed the control group (group B). Follow-up examinations were performed 3–6 months postoperatively and in the control group 3–6 months after initial examination. Results Baseline values of the mean blood flow velocity at rest on the affected side were reduced in both groups compared with the contralateral healthy side (group A, 46.0±15.1 cm/sec; group B, 48.1±16.7 cm/sec) and revealed only a marginal increase after acetazolamide. The contralateral side showed a normal blood flow velocity at rest and an adequate response to acetazolamide in both groups. On the follow-up examination group A demonstrated a normalized vasodilatory capacity. Blood flow velocity increased significantly after acetazolamide from 41.9±13.1 cm/sec to 53.5±16.0 cm/sec (p<0.002). In group B, the compromised vasomotor reactivity remained unchanged. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that transcranial Doppler sonography together with the acetazolamide test can identify subjects with reduced vasomotor reactivity distal to an occluded internal carotid artery, who may improve hemodynamically by an extracranial–intracranial bypass.
E-Cordial and Z 3 -Magic Labelings in Extended Triplicate Graph of a Path

In this paper we prove that the extended triplicate graph (ETG) of finite paths admits product E-cordial, total product E-cordial labelings. We show that ETG of finite paths of length n where n ∉ {4m-3|m ∈N} admits E-Cordial, total E-cordial labelings and also we prove the existence of Z 3 ‐ magic labeling for the modified Extended Triplicate graph.
Model-Based Analysis of Configuration Vulnerabilities

Vulnerability analysis is concerned with the problem of identifying weaknesses in computer systems that can be exploited to compromise their security. In this paper we describe a new approach to vulnerability analysis based on model checking. Our approach involves: • Formal specification of desired security properties. An example of such a property is "no ordinary user can overwrite system log files". • An abstract model of the system that captures its security-related behaviors. This model is obtained by composing models of system components such as the file system, privileged processes, etc. • A verification procedure that checks whether the abstract model satisfies the security properties, and if not, produces execution sequences (also called exploit scenarios) that lead to a violation of these properties. An important benefit of a model-based approach is that it can be used to detect known and as-yet-unknown vulnerabilities. This capability contrasts with previous approaches (such as those used in COPS and SATAN) which mainly address known vulnerabilities.This paper demonstrates our approach by modelling a simplified version of a UNIX-based system, and analyzing this system using model-checking techniques to identify nontrivial Vulnerabilities. A key contribution of this paper is to show that such an automated analysis is feasible in spite of the fact that the system models are infinite-state systems. Our techniques exploit some of the latest techniques in model-checking, such as constraint-based (implicit) representation of state-space, together with domain-specific optimizations that are appropriate in the context of vulnerability analysis.Clearly, a realistic UNIX system is much more complex than the one that we have modelled in this paper. Nevertheless, we believe that our results show automated and systematic vulnerability analysis of realistic systems to be feasible in the near future, as model-checking techniques continue to improve.
TRPM1: The endpoint of the mGluR6 signal transduction cascade in retinal ON‐bipolar cells

For almost 30 years the ion channel that initiates the ON visual pathway in vertebrate vision has remained elusive. Recent findings now indicate that the pathway, which begins with unbinding of glutamate from the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6), ends with the opening of the transient receptor potential (TRP)M1 cation channel. As a component of the mGluR6 signal transduction pathway, mutations in TRPM1 would be expected to cause congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB), and several such mutations have already been identified in CSNB families. Furthermore, expression of TRPM1 in both the retina and skin raises the possibility that a genetic link exists between certain types of visual and skin disorders.
Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic: A Novel Approach to Simultaneous Acquisition of Multiple ERPs

The present study describes the development of a neurocognitive paradigm: “Assessing Neurocognition via Gamified Experimental Logic” (ANGEL), for performing the parametric evaluation of multiple neurocognitive functions simultaneously. ANGEL employs an audiovisual sensory motor design for the acquisition of multiple event related potentials (ERPs)—the C1, P50, MMN, N1, N170, P2, N2pc, LRP, P300, and ERN. The ANGEL paradigm allows assessment of 10 neurocognitive variables over the course of three “game” levels of increasing complexity ranging from simple passive observation to complex discrimination and response in the presence of multiple distractors. The paradigm allows assessment of several levels of rapid decision making: speeded up response vs. response-inhibition; responses to easy vs. difficult tasks; responses based on gestalt perception of clear vs. ambiguous stimuli; and finally, responses with set shifting during challenging tasks. The paradigm has been tested using 18 healthy participants from both sexes and the possibilities of varied data analyses have been presented in this paper. The ANGEL approach provides an ecologically valid assessment (as compared to existing tools) that quickly yields a very rich dataset and helps to assess multiple ERPs that can be studied extensively to assess cognitive functions in health and disease conditions.
The Effects of Leptin on Breastfeeding Behaviour

Breastfed infants have a reduced risk of becoming overweight and/or obese later in life. This protective effect has been partly attributed to leptin present in breastmilk. This study investigated 24-h variations of skim milk leptin and its relationship with breastmilk macronutrients and infant breastfeeding patterns. Exclusive breastfeeding mothers of term singletons (n = 19; age 10 ± 5 weeks) collected pre- and post-feed breastmilk samples for every breastfeed over a 24-h period and test-weighed their infants to determine milk intake at every breastfeed over a 24-h period. Samples (n = 454) were analysed for leptin, protein, lactose and fat content. Skim milk leptin concentration did not change with feeding (p = 0.184). However, larger feed volumes (>105 g) were associated with a decrease in post-feed leptin levels (p = 0.009). There was no relationship between the change in leptin levels and change in protein (p = 0.313) or lactose levels (p = 0.587) between pre- and post-feed milk, but there was a trend for a positive association with changes in milk fat content (p = 0.056). Leptin concentration significantly increased at night (p < 0.001) indicating a possible 24-h pattern. Leptin dose (ng) was not associated with the time between feeds (p = 0.232). Further research should include analysis of whole breastmilk and other breastmilk fractions to extend these findings.
ManTIME: Temporal expression identification and normalization in the TempEval-3 challenge

This paper describes a temporal expression identification and normalization system, ManTIME, developed for the TempEval-3 challenge. The identification phase combines the use of conditional random fields along with a post-processing identification pipeline, whereas the normalization phase is carried out using NorMA, an open-source rule-based temporal normalizer. We investigate the performance variation with respect to different feature types. Specifically, we show that the use of WordNet-based features in the identification task negatively affects the overall performance, and that there is no statistically significant difference in using gazetteers, shallow parsing and propositional noun phrases labels on top of the morphological features. On the test data, the best run achieved 0.95 (P), 0.85 (R) and 0.90 (F1) in the identification phase. Normalization accuracies are 0.84 (type attribute) and 0.77 (value attribute). Surprisingly, the use of the silver data (alone or in addition to the gold annotated ones) does not improve the performance.
Creep, stick-slip, and dry-friction dynamics: Experiments and a heuristic model.

We perform an extensive study of the dry-friction dynamics of a paper-on-paper system. We explore the dynamical phase diagram by systematically varying the relevant control parameters (driving velocity V, slider mass M, and loading machine stiffness k). A set of experimental results gives strong proof that the low-velocity dynamics is controlled by a creep process, in agreement with previous results from rock mechanics and metals [C. H. Scholz, The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990), Chap. 2 and references therein; E. Rabinowicz, Proc. Phys. Soc. 71, 668 (1958) and references therein]. At higher velocities, a crossover to inertial dynamics is observed. In each regime, when k is increased, the system bifurcates from periodic stick-slip to steady sliding: in the creep regime, the bifucation is a direct Hopf one; in the inertial regime it becomes subcritical. We identify, from comparison of the time dependence of the static friction coefficient ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{s}}$(t) and of the velocity dependence of the stationary dynamic one, ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{d}}$(V), a memory length of the order of 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m. The V dependence of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{d}}$(V) changes from V weakening to V strengthening at the creep-inertial crossover. We propose a heuristic model of low-velocity friction based on two main ingredients: (i) following and extending the ideas of Ruina [J. Geophys. Res. 88, 10 359 (1983)], we define a phenomenological contact age accounting for the renewal of physical contacts on the scale of the memory length, and (ii) we assume that the dynamics is controlled by the Brownian motion of an effective creeping volume in a pinning potential, the strength of which increases with age.
Gravitational collapse of small scale structure as the origin of the Lyman alpha forest

If gravitational clustering is a hierarchical process, the present large-scale structure of the galaxy distribution implies that structures on smaller scales must have formed at high redshift. We simulate the formation of small-scale structure (average cell mass: (delta) bar m(sub b) = 10(sup 4.2) solar mass) and the evolution of photoionized gas, in the specific case of the CDM + Lambda model. The photoionized gas has a natural minimal scale of collapse, the Jeans scale (m(sub b,J) is approximately equal to 10(exp 9) solar mass). We find that low column density (N(sub HI) is less than or equal to 10(exp 14)/sq cm) lines originate in regions resembling Zel'dovich pancakes, where gas with overdensities in the range 3-30 is enclosed by two shocks but is typically reexpanding at approximately the Hubble velocity. However, higher column density lines stem from more overdense regions where the shocked gas is cooling. We show that this model can probably account for the observed number of lines, their distribution in column density and b-parameters, as well as the cloud physical sizes as observed in gravitationally lensed quasars. We find a redshift evolution that is too steep; however, this may be due to insufficient dynamical range in the simulation or because the specific model is incorrect. The model predicts that high signal-to-noise observations should find systematic deviations from Voigt profiles, mainly in the form of broad wings in the line profiles, and that a fluctuating Gunn-Peterson effect will be detected, which can be modeled as a superposition of weak lines with a wide range of b-parameters.
Corpus Induction of Lexicons for Treebank PCFGs by Inside-Outside Estimation and Frequency Transformations

We describe procedures which pool lexical information from a treebank with frequency information estimated from an unannotated corpus with the insideoutside algorithm. PCFG parameters for non-lexical productions are obtained purely from the treebank. The procedures produce substantial improvements (upto 20.34%) on the task of determining valences of tokens of novel verbs, relative to a smoothed treebank model.