Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Altered properties of volume‐sensitive osmolyte and anion channels (VSOACs) and membrane protein expression in cardiac and smooth muscle myocytes from Clcn3‐/‐ mice

ClC‐3, a member of the large superfamily of ClC voltage‐dependent Cl– channels, has been proposed as a molecular candidate responsible for volume‐sensitive osmolyte and anion channels (VSOACs) in some cells, including heart and vascular smooth muscle. However, the reported presence of native VSOACs in at least two cell types from transgenic ClC‐3 disrupted (Clcn3−/−) mice casts considerable doubt on this proposed role for ClC‐3. We compared several properties of native VSOACs and examined mRNA transcripts and membrane protein expression profiles in cardiac and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from Clcn3+/+ and Clcn3−/− mice to: (1) test the hypothesis that native VSOACs are unaltered in cells from Clcn3−/− mice, and (2) test the possibility that targeted inactivation of the Clcn3 gene using a conventional murine global knock‐out approach may result in compensatory changes in expression of other membrane proteins. Our experiments demonstrate that VSOAC currents in myocytes from Clcn3+/+ and Clcn3−/− mice are remarkably similar in terms of activation and inactivation kinetics, steady‐state current densities, rectification, anion selectivity (I− > Cl−≫ Asp−) and sensitivity to block by glibenclamide, niflumic acid, DIDS and extracellular ATP. However, additional experiments revealed several significant differences in other fundamental properties of native VSOACs recorded from atrial and smooth muscle cells from Clcn3−/− mice, including: differences in regulation by endogenous protein kinase C, differential sensitivity to block by anti‐ClC‐3 antibodies, and differential sensitivities to [ATP]i and free [Mg2+]i. These results suggest that in response to Clcn3 gene deletion, there may be compensatory changes in expression of other proteins that alter VSOAC channel subunit composition or associated regulatory subunits that give rise to VSOACs with different properties. Consistent with this hypothesis, in atria from Clcn3−/− mice compared to Clcn3+/+ mice, quantitative analysis of ClC mRNA expression levels revealed significant increases in transcripts for ClC‐1, ClC‐2, and ClC‐3, and protein expression profiles obtained using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed complex changes in at least 35 different unidentified membrane proteins in cells from Clcn3−/− mice. These findings emphasize that caution needs to be exercised in simple attempts to interpret the phenotypic consequences of conventional global Clcn3 gene inactivation.
Gradient Ordinal Signature and Fixed-Point Embedding for Efficient Near-Duplicate Video Detection

In order to meet the requirement of large scale real-time near-duplicate video detection, this paper has achieved two goals. First, this paper proposes a more compact local image descriptor which is termed as gradient ordinal signature (GOS). GOS not only has the advantages of low dimension, simplicity in computation, and high discrimination but also is invariant to mirror reflection, rotation, and scale changes. Second, applying the characteristics of the proposed GOS and combining with the embedding theory of metric spaces, this paper proposes an efficient similarity search method based on the fixed-point embedding (FE). A main advantage of FE is that its parameters have good controllability, and its performance is stable and not sensitive to dataset changes. On the whole, the goal of our approach focuses on the speed rather than the accuracy of near-duplicate video detection. We have evaluated our method on four different settings to verify the two goals. Specifically, the tests include image and video datasets, respectively, to evaluate the performance of GOS. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and lower memory usage of GOS. Furthermore, the third test compares FE with locality sensitivity hashing. FE also shows a speed improvement of about ten times and saves more than 60% in memory usage. The fourth test demonstrates that the combination of GOS and FE for near-duplicate video detection can achieve better overall efficiency than the state-of-the-art methods.
Energy efficient resource allocation and admission control for D2D-aided collaborative mobile clouds

In this paper, we investigate the joint admission control and resource allocation problem for collaborative computation under fading channels. We develop an Internet-of-Things (IoT) framework in which establishing Device-to-Device (D2D) communications, resource-poor wearable Source Mobile Terminals (SMTs) may offload their computations to resource-rich Processing Mobile Terminals (PMTs), or execute them locally, so as to save energy. Considering the offloading scenario, first, a probabilistic admission control algorithm is proposed for Mobile Terminals (MTs) taking both the deadline and energy harvesting constraints into account. Then, the joint CPU clock frequency/transmit power allocation and collaborative pair selection problem for MTs is addressed mathematically. For local execution scenario, optimal CPU clock frequencies are obtained for SMTs. Finally, based on energy consumption and outage imposed by each scenario, SMTs decide whether to offload their computations or execute them locally. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed D2D-aided Collaborative Mobile Cloud (DCMC) approach attains a near-optimal energy expenditure in a semi-feasible system while effectively mitigating outage ratio of MTs.
Oxygen isotope anomaly observed in water vapor from Alert, Canada and the implication for the stratosphere

To identify the possible anomalous oxygen isotope signature in stratospheric water predicted by model studies, 25 water vapor samples were collected in 2003−2005 at Alert station, Canada (82°30′N), where there is downward transport of stratospheric air to the polar troposphere, and were analyzed for δ17O and δ18O relative to Chicago local precipitation (CLP). The latter was chosen as a reference because the relatively large evaporative moisture source should erase any possible oxygen isotope anomaly from the stratosphere. A mass-dependent fractionation coefficient for meteoric waters, λMDF(H2O) = 0.529 ± 0.003 [2σ standard error (SE)], was determined from 27 CLP samples collected in 2003−2005. An oxygen isotopic anomaly of Δ17O = 76 ± 16 ppm (2σ SE) was found in water vapor samples from Alert relative to CLP. We propose that the positive oxygen isotope anomalies observed at Alert originated from stratospheric ozone, were transferred to water in the stratosphere, and subsequently mixed with tropospheric water at high latitudes as the stratospheric air descended into the troposphere. On the basis of this ground signal, the average Δ17O in stratospheric water vapor predicted by a steady-state box model is ∼40‰. Seven ice core samples (1930−1991) from Dasuopu glacier (Himalayas, China) and Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation did not show an obvious oxygen isotope anomaly, and Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water exhibited a negative Δ17O relative to CLP. Six Alert snow samples collected in March 2011 and measured at Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France, had 17Oexcess of 45 ± 5 ppm (2σ SE) relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water.
Population Policy and Externalities to Childbearing

When individual couples make informed fertility decisions that reflect a concern for the future well-being of their own children, the aggregate demographic outcome should be both socially and individually optimal. This result depends on several assumptions, including the absence of externalities to childbearing—costs and benefits of children that fall on society at large without impinging on their parents directly or passing through markets. Four categories of externalities are here evaluated: reproductive dilution of collective wealth; cost spreading for public goods; public-sector intergenerational transfers—health, education, and pensions; and other governmental expenditures. Intergenerational transfers are found to create large positive externalities in industrial welfare states but small negative ones in Third World countries. Public goods lead to sizable positive externalities in both groups of countries. Other governmental expenditures lead to considerable negative externalities. Collective wealth in the form of publicly owned mineral reserves leads in some cases to enormous negative externalities, while in other cases it is of little importance. No evaluation is attempted for collective environmental wealth, scale returns, or induced technological change.
Bringing to Market Technological Innovation: What Distinguishes Success from Failure

Commercialization is a critical step in technological innovation. Nevertheless, many scholars believe that it is often the least well-managed activity of the whole innovation process. The launch stage seems to be particularly critical in high-technology markets because of the volatility, interconnectedness and the proliferation of new technologies they experience. However, academic and practitioners' literature has not, so far, developed a clear understanding of the factors that distinguish an effective commercialization from an unsuccessful one, especially in high-technology environments. This paper discusses the results of a research project that aimed to understand the ingredients for success in the commercialization of a technological innovation. The first stage of the research consisted of a comparative historical analysis of 18 innovations, which were commercialized in consumer high-tech markets in the last 30 years. The analysis advocates that an effective commercialization comprises three sub-strategies: Early adoption strategy, Adoption network configuration strategy and Mainstream adoption strategy, with each one characterized by a coherent set of commercialization dimensions. The relative importance of each sub-strategy in determining the innovation commercial success depends on the type of innovation that is commercialized, be it radical or incremental and discontinuous or continuous.
Long Run Relationships in Banking

This monograph surveys the effects of long-run relationships in banking between corporate borrowers and lenders. The first part of the survey analyzes econometric issues in the measurement of the costs and benefits of such relationships. In particular, we analyze potential issues with commonly used proxies of relationship lending — duration, scope and intensity. This analysis, as well as studies that have access to internal bank records, suggest that intensity (fraction of the total lending of a borrower by a given bank) would be a better measure of relationship lending, relative to duration. This analysis also suggests that accounting for endogeneity of relationships and simultaneity of loan contract terms does not qualitatively impact the results of earlier literature. Papers with the ability to circumvent several of the econometric issues are discussed in detail. The second part of this monograph is similar to a standard review where papers relating to hold-up costs, multiple banking relationships, impact of competition on relationship banking, and measurement of soft information in banking are covered.
Uncertainty Estimation of Local-Scale Land Surface Temperature Products Over Urban Areas Using Monte Carlo Simulations

Detailed, frequent, and accurate land surface temperature (LST) estimates from satellites may support various applications related to the urban climate. When satellite-retrieved LST is used in modeling, the level of uncertainty is important to account for. In this letter, an uncertainty estimation scheme based on Monte Carlo simulations is proposed for local-scale LST products derived from image fusion. The downscaling algorithm combines frequent low-resolution thermal measurements with surface cover information from high spatial resolution imagery. The uncertainty is estimated for all the intermediate products, allowing the analysis of individual uncertainties and their contribution to the final LST product. Uncertainties of less than 2 K was found for most part of the test area. The uncertainty estimation method, although demanding in terms of computations, can be useful for the uncertainty analysis of other satellite products.
Low-power single-phase clocked redundant-transition-free flip-flop design with conditional charging scheme

A single-phase clocked redundant-transition-free flip-flop (SRFF) is proposed in this paper for achieving high power efficiency. A conditional charging scheme is utilized in the proposed SRFF to eliminate the redundant transitions at internal nodes when the input data and output are at the same logic levels in consecutive clock cycles. The long stacked transistor paths in the previously published FFs are also avoided in the new SRFF. The clock power consumption of the proposed SRFF is reduced by up to 81.99% as compared to the previously published flipflops with 40nm CMOS technology. Furthermore, the proposed SRFF provides up to 65.64% savings in dynamic power consumption while maintaining similar data-to-output delay as compared to the previously published flip-flops at a typical data switching activity of 20%.
The Notch Target Hes1 Directly Modulates Gli1 Expression and Hedgehog Signaling: A Potential Mechanism of Therapeutic Resistance

Purpose: Multiple developmental pathways including Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt are active in malignant brain tumors such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma (GBM). This raises the possibility that tumors might compensate for therapy directed against one pathway by upregulating a different one. We investigated whether brain tumors show resistance to therapies against Notch, and whether targeting multiple pathways simultaneously would kill brain tumor cells more effectively than monotherapy. Experimental Design: We used GBM neurosphere lines to investigate the effects of a gamma-secretase inhibitor (MRK-003) on tumor growth, and chromatin immunoprecipitation to study the regulation of other genes by Notch targets. We also evaluated the effect of combined therapy with a Hedgehog inhibitor (cyclopamine) in GBM and medulloblastoma lines, and in primary human GBM cultures. Results: GBM cells are at least partially resistant to long-term MRK-003 treatment, despite ongoing Notch pathway suppression, and show concomitant upregulation of Wnt and Hedgehog activity. The Notch target Hes1, a repressive transcription factor, bound the Gli1 first intron, and may inhibit its expression. Similar results were observed in a melanoma-derived cell line. Targeting Notch and Hedgehog simultaneously induced apoptosis, decreased cell growth, and inhibited colony-forming ability more dramatically than monotherapy. Low-passage neurospheres isolated from freshly resected human GBMs were also highly susceptible to coinhibition of the two pathways, indicating that targeting multiple developmental pathways can be more effective than monotherapy at eliminating GBM-derived cells. Conclusions: Notch may directly suppress Hedgehog via Hes1 mediated inhibition of Gli1 transcription, and targeting both pathways simultaneously may be more effective at eliminating GBMs cells. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6060–70. ©2010 AACR.
Effect of macrophages on in vitro corrosion behavior of magnesium alloy.

The influence of cells on the corrosion behavior of biomedical magnesium alloy is an important but less studied topic, which is helpful for understanding the inconsistent corrosion rates between in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this work, macrophages were directly cultured on Mg-2.1Nd-0.2Zn-0.5Zr (wt %, abbreviated as JDBM) alloy surface for 72 or 168 hours. Macrophages retained good viability and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was greatly promoted on the alloy. Weight loss, Mg(2+) concentration, and cross-section observation results demonstrated that macrophages accelerated the in vitro corrosion of JDBM. The coverage of cell body did not affect the local thickness of corrosion product layer. The corrosion product layer had a porous inner Mg(OH)2 layer and a dense outer layer mainly composed of O, P, Mg, and Ca. The uniform acceleration of JDBM corrosion was attributed to the omnidirection diffusion of ROS from macrophages. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2476-2487, 2016.
A recurrent neural network based method for predicting the state of aircraft air conditioning system

The reliability and safety of aircraft has always been the focus of research attention. As an important component of the aircraft, the air conditioning system has a direct impact on the safety of the flight process. In order to ensure the safety of the flight process, this paper proposes a recurrent neural network (RNN) based method for predicting the working state of the aircraft air conditioning system. Using the measured data collected from the Boeing 737NG aircraft, we train a RNN and experimental results on short-term prediction show that our proposed method can obtain a good prediction accuracy. In addition, we modify the network to make longer prediction using a bidirectional architecture. The experimental results on long-term prediction show that this network can solve the problem that the prediction results at first several seconds are much larger than the actual measured value and can learn a good representation for the time series.
Cointegration and error correction modelling of agricultural commodity trade: The case of ASEAN agricultural exports to the EU

Taman tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli rakentaa maataloustuotekauppaa kuvaavia ekonometrisia malleja,joilla pystytaan selittamaan tulo-ja hintamuutosten seka lyhyen etta pitkan aikavalin aikutuksia kauppavirtoihin,ja joita voidaan kayttaa ennustamiseen ja simulointitarkoituksiin esimerkiksi valuutta-,tuki-ja kauppapolitiikan vaikutusten arvioimisessa.Tutkimus on luonteeltaan empiirinen tutkimus,jossa aikasarjaekonometrian valinein tutkitaan ASEAN-maiden (Brunei,Indonesia,Malesia,Filippiinit,Singapore, Thaimaa ja Vietnam)eraiden keskeisten maataloustuotteiden vientia EU-alueelle.Tutkimusmenetelmana sovelletaan parin viimeisen vuosikymmenen aikana kehitettyja ns.yhteisintegroituvuuteen liittyvia analyysitekniikoita.Keskeisella sijalla naissa menetelmissa on pitkan aikavalin rajoitusten huomioon ottaminen ekonometrisia malleja rakennettaessa. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa osassa muodostetaan kaupan volyymia selittavat kysynta-ja tarjontamallit,jotka estimoidaan tutkimuksen empiirisessa osassa.Tuontikysyntafunktio kuvaa tuotteen tuonnin maaraa reaalitulojen ja tuotteen reaalisen tuontihinnan funktiona tietyssa tuontimaassa,tassa tapauksessa tuontikysyntaa EU-alueella.Kun yksittaisen maata- loustuotteen kokonaistuonti on selvilla,johdetaan kysynta EU-tuonnille eri ASEAN-maista (jota tutkimuksessa kutsutaan vientikysynnaksi)olettaen,etta eri maissa tuotetut tuotteet o at keskenaan epataydellisia substituutteja.Keskeinen tekija vientikysynnan maaraytymisessa on viennin suhteellisilla hinnoilla eli hintakilpailukyvylla.Taman jalkeen tarkastellaan tarjontayhtaloita.Tuonnin tarjonnaksi kutsutaan tuotteen kokonaistarjontaa muista maista EU-alueelle. Kun tarkastellaan vientia yksittaisesta ASEAN-maasta EU-alueelle,johdetaan vientitarjonta ASEAN-maiden maataloustuottajien oiton maksimoinnista.Vientitarjonta maaraytyy pitkalla aikavalilla vientituotteen nimellisen hinnan,aluuttakurssimuutosten,inflaation ja teknologisen kehityksen perusteella. Tutkimuksen empiirisessa osassa paahuomio on yksikkojuurten testaamisessa seka muuttujien valisen yhteisintegraation testaamisessa yhden yhtalon Engle-Granger menetelmalla.Lisaksi selittavien ja selitettavien muuttujien pitkan ja lyhyen aikavalin valisen yhteyden osoittamiseksi so elletaan yhteisintegroituvuuteen perustuvaa virheenkorjausmallia.Virheenkorjausmallissa muutosta kuvaa at selittavien ja selitettavien sarjojen differenssit edusta at lyhyen aikavalin poikkeamia taloudellisesta tasapainosta, kun taas niita astaavien differentoimattomien aikasarjojen lineaarikombinaatioiden viipeet osoittavat pitkan aikavalin taloudellista tasapainoa sarjojen valilla.Estimoinneista saadut tulokset ovat jarkevia ja linjassa aiemman tutkimuksen kanssa.Lisaksi kaytetyt muuttujat o at sellaisia,etta mallit sopi at ennustamiseen ja politiikkasimulointiin.
Assessment of energy storage effect into automatic reclosing in Smart Grid

This paper deals with two transient states of the Russky Island power network, that can be recognized as a middle size Smart Grid, and which located at the end portion of the Russian South-East. In some cases, two transmission lines between the island and mainland grids can be emergency disconnected, and then a transmission line auto-reclosing might take place. The object of the paper is examination of possibility of using an energy storage unit in this Microgrid in order to improve condition for auto-reclosing. In addition, effectiveness of improving the Under Frequency Load Shedding implementation with the use of the energy storage emergency control, when the transmission line auto-reclosing has to be forbidden, is examined. These studies have been fulfilled with the use of the well-known MATLAB/Simulink software. The investigation results could be useful for forthcoming porting of this power network into the electricity grid of Vladivostok.
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961

The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, was opened for signature on March 30, 1961. As of August 1, 1961 (the last day for such action), this treaty was signed by 64 countries and as of the date of writing this article eleven states had become parties by ratification or accession: Cameroun, Canada, Cuba, Dahomey, Iraq, Ivory Coast, Republic of Korea, Kuwait, Morocco, Syria, and Thailand. When the United Nations Conference for the Adoption of a Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, meeting at United Nations Headquarters from January 24 to March 25, 1961, adopted the new Convention on March 25, 1961, it completed a work which had occupied international organs since 1948. It was in this year that, at its third session, the Commission on Narcotic Drugs adopted a resolution, introduced by the representative of the United States, which recommended the draft finally adopted by the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) as Resolution 159 II D (VII), August 3, 1948. In this resolution the Secretary-General of the United Nations was requested to begin work on the drafting of a new single convention on narcotic drugs. He was instructed that the new treaty should replace the existing treaties in the field, provide for control of the cultivation of plants grown for the production of narcotic drugs, and simplify the international control machinery by replacing the present Permanent Central Opium Board and Drug Supervisory Body by a single organ.
The Predictive Abilities of the New York Fed's Empire State Manufacturing Survey

Business surveys often give early signals of the direction and magnitude of economic activity. One release, the relatively new Empire State Manufacturing Survey, is demonstrating an ability to provide information ahead of U.S. production and employment trends. In fact, the predictive power of this survey appears to be at least equal to that of two established manufacturing surveys. This issue is part of the Second District Highlights series.
Productivity Growth, Convergence, and Welfare: Comment

Данная статья построена на критике подхода к анализу проблемы конвергенции, изложенному в статье Baumol (1986). Productivity Growth, Convergence and Welfare: What the Long-Run Data Show. American Economic Review, Vol. 76(5): 1072-1085. Де Лонг подвергает сомнению методологию Баумоля и предлагает свой вариант исследования.