Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wave turbulence in rapidly rotating flows

An asymptotic quasi-normal Markovian (AQNM) model is developed in the limit of small Rossby number $Ro$ and high Reynolds number, i.e. for rapidly rotating turbulent flow. Based on the ‘slow’ amplitudes of inertial waves, the kinetic equations are close to those that would be derived from Eulerian wave-turbulence theory. However, for their derivation we start from an EDQNM statistical closure model in which the velocity field is expanded in terms of the eigenmodes of the linear wave regime. Unlike most wave-turbulence studies, our model accounts for the detailed anisotropy as the angular dependence in Fourier space. Nonlinear equations at small Rossby number are derived for the set $e$, $Z$, $h$ – energy, polarization anisotropy, helicity – of spectral quantities which characterize second-order two-point statistics in anisotropic turbulence, and which generate every quadratic moment of inertial wave amplitudes. In the simplest symmetry consistent with the background equations, i.e. axisymmetry without mirror symmetry, $e$, $Z$ and $h$ depend on both the wavevector modulus $k$ and its orientation $\theta$ to the rotation axis. We put the emphasis on obtaining accurate numerical simulations of a generalized Lin equation for the angular-dependent energy spectrum $e(k, \theta, t)$, in which the energy transfer reduces to integrals over surfaces given by the triadic resonant conditions of inertial waves. Starting from a pure three-dimensional isotropic state in which $e$ depends only on $k$ and $Z\,{=}\,h\,{=}\,0$, the spectrum develops an inertial range in the usual fashion as well as angular anisotropy. After the development phase, we observe the following features: A $k^{-3}$ power law for the spherically averaged energy spectrum. However, this is the average of power laws whose exponents vary with the direction of the wavevector from $k^{-2}$ for wavevectors near the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, to $k^{-4}$ for parallel wavevectors. The spectral evolution is self-similar. This excludes the possibility of a purely two-dimensional large-time limit. The energy density is very large near the perpendicular wavevector plane, but this singularity is integrable. As a result, the total energy has contributions from all directions and is not dominated by this singular contribution. The kinetic energy decays as $t^{-0.8}$, an exponent which is about half that one without rotation.
Assessing a change mechanism in a randomized home-visiting trial: Reducing disrupted maternal communication decreases infant disorganization

Abstract Although randomized interventions trials have been shown to reduce the incidence of disorganized attachment, no studies to date have identified the mechanisms of change responsible for such reductions. Maternal sensitivity has been assessed in various studies and shown to change with intervention, but in the only study to formally assess mediation, changes in maternal sensitivity did not mediate changes in infant security of attachment (Cicchetti, Rogosch, & Toth, 2006). Primary aims of the current randomized controlled intervention trial in a high-risk population were to fill gaps in the literature by assessing whether the intervention (a) reduced disorganization, (b) reduced disrupted maternal communication, and (c) whether reductions in disrupted maternal communication mediated changes in infant disorganization. The results indicated that, compared to controls (n = 52), both infant disorganization and disrupted maternal communication were significantly reduced in the intervention group (n = 65) that received regular home-visiting during pregnancy and the first year of life. Furthermore, reductions in disrupted maternal communication partially accounted for the observed reductions in infant disorganization compared to randomized controls. The results are discussed in relation to the societal cost effectiveness of early attachment-informed interventions for mothers and infants, as well as the importance of formally assessing underlying mechanisms of change in order to improve and appropriately target preventive interventions.
Using the Data Mining Based Fuzzy Classification Algorithm for Power Distribution Fault Cause Identification with Imbalanced Data

Power distribution systems reliability is significantly affected by many outage causing events; good outage cause identification can help expedite the restoration procedure. However, the data imbalance issue encountered in many real-world data affects the performance of fault cause identification. The elegant fuzzy classification algorithm, I-algorithm, proposed by Ishibuchi et al. achieves satisfactory performance on many carefully preprocessed data sets but not on the imbalanced data, I-algorithm, an extension of the I-algorithm, is developed in this paper to alleviate the effect of imbalanced data constitution. Both the I- and E-algorithms are applied to Duke Energy outage data for power distribution systems fault cause identification. Their performance on this real-world imbalanced data set is presented, compared, and analyzed to demonstrate the improvement achieved by the extended algorithm
Neurobiology of Addiction: Toward the Development of New Therapies

Abstract: Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disorder characterized by neurobiological changes that lead to a compulsion to take a drug with loss of control over drug intake. The hypothesis outlined here is that knowledge of the neurochemical systems involved in the transition from drug use to the compulsive use of addiction will provide the rational basis for development of pharmacotherapies for drug addiction. Much evidence has been obtained in identifying the midbrain‐basal forebrain neural elements involved in the positive reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and more recently in the neural elements involved in the negative reinforcement associated with drug addiction. Key elements for the acute reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse include a macrostructure in the basal forebrain called the extended amygdala that contains parts of the nucleus accumbens and amgydala and involves key neurotransmitters such as dopamine, opioid peptides, serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. Withdrawal from drugs of abuse is associated with subjective symptoms of negative affect, such as dysphoria, depression, irritability and anxiety, and dysregulation of brain reward systems involving some of the same neurochemical systems implicated in the acute reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. In addition, acute withdrawal is accompanied by recruitment of the brain stress neurotransmitter system, corticotropin‐releasing factor. Animal models of craving involve not only conditioning models but also models of excessive drug intake during prolonged abstinence, post‐acute withdrawal, that may reflect continued dysregulation of drug reinforcement that could lead to vulnerability to relapse and represent an important focus for pharmacotherapy. Such changes have been hypothesized to involve a change in set point for drug reward that may represent an allostatic state contributing to vulnerability to relapse and re‐entry into the addiction cycle. Elucidation of the specific neuropharmacological changes contributing to this prolonged functional dysregulation will be the challenge of future research on the neurobiology of drug addiction.
Imaging changes in the pancreas in cystic fibrosis: a retrospective evaluation of 55 cases seen over a period of 9 years.

BACKGROUND Pathologic changes of the pancreas have been observed as early as the recognition of the disease termed initially "cystic fibrosis of the pancreas". Atrophy of the gland and its fatty infiltration were considered as usual features. The aim of this study was to follow-up the evolution of cystic fibrosis pancreas and to define its successive stages in correlation with the clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings. METHODS Fifty-five patients were followed up during 9 years. The patients' genetic backgrounds were systematically performed. Blood lipase levels were analyzed systematically at each consultation of the patients and in the event of bouts of abdominal pains. Imaging using mainly echograms and tomodensitometric scans were regularly performed: echograms every 6 months, and tomodensitometric scans every 1 to 2 years. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in four patients. RESULTS Five groups of patients were identified on the basis of tomodensitometric scan findings: normal pancreas (n = 4), incomplete lipomatosis of the pancreas (n = 9), complete lipomatosis of the pancreas (n = 23), cystic pancreas (n = 5), macrocystic pancreas (n = 1), atrophic pancreas (n = 13). Pancreas exocrine function was not correlated with findings. Forty episodes of pancreatitis were observed in seven patients. They had bouts of abdominal pain and elevation of lipase levels. Five of these patients were composite heterozygotes (D508/other). Incomplete lipomatosis represents an intermediate stage leading toward complete lipomatosis or toward atrophy after pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Studies of pancreatic function should be performed routinely in cystic fibrosis, especially in pancreatic sufficiency or in patients with normal pancreas images. Acute pancreatitis should be diagnosed and properly identified to be differentiated from other acute abdominal syndromes occurring in cystic fibrosis.
Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in biofilms: Steady state

Aerobic glucose metabolism by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in steady‐state biofilms at various substrate loading rates and reactor dilution rates was investigated. Variables monitored were substrate (glucose), biofilm cellular density, biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) density, and suspended cellular and EPS concentrations. A mathematical model developed to describe the system was compared to experimental data. Intrinsic yield and rate coefficients included in the model were obtained from suspended continuous culture studies of glucose metabolism by P. aeruginosa. Experimental data compared well with the mathematical model, suggesting that P. aeruginosa does not behave differently in steady‐state biofilm cultures, where diffusional resistance is negligible, than in suspended cultures. This implies that kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients for P. aeruginosa derived in suspended continuous culture can be used to describe steady‐state biofilm processes.
Building classification models for customer credit scoring

Credit scoring is a quantitative method. It has been used in the banking industry. The major challenge of credit scoring is essentially to classify credit customers into different risk groups. As known methods, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) have been proposed as a classification technique. It can be utilized to build a classification model. The developed process consists to distinguish preciously the profitable customers from bankrupt customers using all possible characteristics describing the applicant. The important and the difficult task in credit scoring problems arises when a banker decide whether to grant or not grant a loan. In this order, the aim of this work is to investigate the performance of HMM for building a good classifier for credit scoring. In this paper, we also provide a set of classification models to score customer by combining the HMM and Baum-Welch procedure. There are two phases in this model: firstly, we train the initial model by HMM techniques estimations, secondly we use the iterative procedure Baum-Welch to generate HMMs parameters and building new models. Experimental results show that the proposed model can build the highest accuracy classifier for credit scoring datasets. The implementation of HMM with Baum-Welch model allows lenders and bankers to develop techniques to measure customer credit risk.
Health-related quality of life improves following pulmonary rehabilitation and lung volume reduction surgery.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To evaluate changes in health-related quality of life (HRQL) as assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item questionnaire (SF-36) after pulmonary rehabilitation and lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). DESIGN Prospective cohort study. PATIENTS Nineteen patients with severe emphysema who underwent pulmonary rehabilitation in preparation for LVRS. INTERVENTIONS Pulmonary rehabilitation followed by bilateral sequential LVRS. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS HRQL assessed by the SF-36 was measured at baseline, after pulmonary rehabilitation, and 6 months after LVRS. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures demonstrated no significant change from baseline in any of the eight domains after pulmonary rehabilitation. Scores for only one domain, vitality, improved significantly after LVRS compared with scores after pulmonary rehabilitation. However, significant improvements over baseline scores were demonstrated after combined preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation and LVRS in the domains of physical functioning, role limitations due to physical problems, social functioning, and vitality. Pulmonary rehabilitation contributed most to the overall improvements in role limitations due to physical problems, whereas LVRS contributed mainly to the overall improvements in physical functioning, social functioning, and vitality. CONCLUSIONS Patients with severe emphysema experience significant improvements in both physical and social health status as assessed by the SF-36 after combined pulmonary rehabilitation and LVRS. Each intervention makes unique and complementary contributions to the overall improvements in HRQL.
Digital Compensation of Rogowski Coil's Output Voltage

Due to inherent characteristics of Rogowski coils, measured signals by these transducers are distorted, and hence, it is a need to compensate their output voltages in order to reconstruct their input current. Using analog circuits for the reconstruction of the input current of a Rogowski coil is a very common technique, but this technique has no appropriate performance upon partial discharge signals. In this paper, digital techniques for the reconstruction of the input current of Rogowski coils have been presented and examined, and the best practical one that can be used for either unshielded or shielded coils has been proposed. The proposed method is a model-free compensation method; in other words, there is no need to extract any of the parameters of a given coil as long as its frequency response is measured and processed according to the proposed method.
BioJS: an open source JavaScript framework for biological data visualization

SUMMARY BioJS is an open-source project whose main objective is the visualization of biological data in JavaScript. BioJS provides an easy-to-use consistent framework for bioinformatics application programmers. It follows a community-driven standard specification that includes a collection of components purposely designed to require a very simple configuration and installation. In addition to the programming framework, BioJS provides a centralized repository of components available for reutilization by the bioinformatics community. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION http://code.google. com/p/biojs/. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Gemcitabine Chemotherapy Versus 5-fluorouracil-based Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the survival benefits associated with gemcitabine chemotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer. Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively enrolled from January 1995 to January 2005. All cases were histologically proven, and patients received gemcitabine chemotherapy, 5-FU-based CCRT, or supportive care at Seoul National University Hospital. Results: Median overall survival was 8.2 months. Twenty-six patients received gemcitabine chemotherapy, 56 patients 5-FU-based CCRT, and 56 patients supportive care. Weight loss and treatment modality were identified as independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis. Patients in the 5-FU-based CCRT (overall survival, 10.4 months) and gemcitabine chemotherapy (11.3 months) groups showed survival benefit over those received supportive care (6.1 months, P < 0.0001). No grades 3 to 4 toxic adverse effects occurred in either treatment group and no statistical significant survival difference was found between gemcitabine chemotherapy and 5-FU-based CCRT (P = 0.5). Conclusions: Patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer who received gemcitabine chemotherapy or 5-FU-based CCRT showed better survival than those who received supportive care only. Gemcitabine chemotherapy and 5-FU-based CCRT showed similar survival advantages.
Intracellular metabolism of (-)- and (+)-cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine in HepG2 derivative 2.2.15 (subclone P5A) cells

The (-) and (+) enantiomers of the nucleoside analog cis-5-fluoro-1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl]cytosine (2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluoro-3'-thiacytidine; FTC) have been shown to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in vitro in HepG2 derivative 2.2. 15 (subclone P5A) cells. (-)-FTC and (+)-FTC were anabolized to 5'-monophosphate, 5'-diphosphate, and 5'-triphosphate in this cell line. (-)-FTC was more efficiently phosphorylated to the 5'-triphosphate than (+)-FTC, and levels of 3.6 and 0.2 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively, were detected after incubation with 1 microM compound for 24 h. A time course study showed that nucleotides were formed rapidly in a dose-dependent manner and reached a steady-state intracellular concentration by 3 to 6 h. The intracellular half-life of (-)-FTC 5'-triphosphate was 2.4 h. Both (-)- and (+)-FTC were converted to diphosphocholine derivatives, analogous to CDP-choline, but only (+)-FTC was converted to the diphosphoethanolamine derivative, analogous to CDP-ethanolamine. (-)-FTC was not detectably deaminated at either the nucleoside or nucleotide level. (+)-FTC was partially deaminated by these cells. The transport of (-)-and (+)-FTC was examined in HepG2 cells. (+)-FTC enters these cells by way of the nitrobenzylthioinosine-susceptible, equilibrative nucleoside transporter. In contrast, the influx of (-)-FTC was only partially susceptible to inhibitors of nucleoside transport, indicating that (-)-FTC may have multiple transport mechanisms. These metabolic results are consistent with the conclusion that (-)-FTC 5'-triphosphate mediates the anti-hepatitis B virus activity of (-)-FTC.
Site-specific insertion of IS1301 and distribution in Neisseria meningitidis strains

The insertion element IS1301 has been shown to mediate capsule phase variation in Neisseria meningitidis found in N. serogroup B by reversible insertional inactivation of the siaA gene. We have determined the target site specificity of this element by cloning and sequencing the insertion sites of 12 identical IS1301 copies found in N. meningitidis B1940. A target consensus core of 5'-AYTAG-3' was identified, with the central TA being duplicated following insertion. Additional features around the target sites, including extended palindromic symmetry, stem-loop formation, and the high incidence of AT tracts, indicate that other factors, such as DNA secondary structure, are involved in target recognition. The left inverted repeat of an IS1016-like element acts as a hot spot for insertion, with one insertion element combination located upstream of their gene. According to further sequence analysis, we were able to place IS1301 in the IS5 subgroup within the IS4 family of elements. A survey of 135 Neisseria strains indicated the presence of IS1301 in 27.9 to 33.3% of N. meningitides serogroup B, C, and W135 strains and in 86.7% of serogroup Y strains. IS1301 did not occur in serogroup A strains, in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or in apathogenic Neisseria spp.
Frequency of breast cancer among Sudanese patients with breast palpable lumps.

BACKGROUND Breast cancer mortality is high in Sudan and most patients are detected at later stages of the disease due to the lack of awareness and absence of screening programs. This study aimed to determine the pattern and frequency of breast cancer among patients presenting with palpable breast lumps within one year duration. SETTINGS AND DESIGN As a part of the continuous development in cancer management, this descriptive longitudinal study was conducted in Khartoum, Sudan. METHODS AND MATERIALS We obtained information (patient's personal data) and Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) materials, for occurrence of 200 breast lesions in patients. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data were analyzed by using a computer SPSS program. RESULTS The diagnoses of the 200 breast lesions were as follows: 68 (34%) were malignant, 56 cases (28%) were fibroadenoma, 23 cases (11.5%) were fibrocystic change, 22 cases (11%) were inflammatory lesions (including mastitis and abscess formation), 12 cases (6%) were benign cysts and the remaining 19 patients (9.5%) were with lactation changes (8 cases), lipoma (6 cases), gynecomastia (3 cases) and phyllodes tumor (2 cases). Regarding gender, only 6 patients (0.03%) were males of whom 3 (50%) were diagnosed with gynecomastia. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of advanced breast cancer among patients with breast lesions is high, in this subset of patients, which signals the urgency for implementation of breast screening programs.
Hemodynamic effects of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine intravenous injection in swines.

PURPOSE To compare the hemodynamic effects following a toxic dose of either agent after intravenous injection in swines, as might accidentally occur during regional anesthesia in humans. METHODS Large White pigs were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with invasive pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization. After a 30-minute resting period, the animals were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blinded fashion and received a bolus intravenous injection of 4 mg.kg-1 of either agent. Hemodynamic results were evaluated at rest and 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes after intoxication. RESULTS Hemodynamic repressions of acute intoxication with levobupivacaine were more important and more prolonged than those of ropivacaína. CONCLUSION In pigs, levobupivacaine was shown to be more toxic than ropivacaine when the same large doses are injected intravenously.
Does Good Governance Mediate Relationship between E-government and Public Trust in Lebanon?

The main objective of this research is to study the mediating effect of good governance on the relationship between e-government practices and public trust in Lebanon. Based on extensive literature review and conceptual background including the theories of institutional-based trust and the diffusion of innovation, the theoretical research framework was developed. Primary data was collected using survey involving 400 Lebanese employees from different small and medium enterprises in Beirut. The data have been analyzed using structural equation modeling. The research findings revealed that eight hypotheses were accepted while five hypotheses were rejected. This research contributes practically by offering policy makers in governments the guidelines to empower and build citizens’ trust by providing efficient, transparent and accountable government services. Future studies are suggested to extend the research empirically in terms of type of respondents, geographical location and analytical methods.