Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More Content - Less Control: Access Control in the Web 2.0

The popularity of social-networking sites, blogging and other content-sharing sites has exploded, resulting in more personal information and opinions being available with less access control than ever before [5]. Many content-sharing sites provide only the most rudimentary access control: a document can be either completely private or completely public. Other sites offer the slightly more flexible private/friends/public access-control model, but this still fails to support natural distinctions users need, such as separating real-world friends from online friends. The traditional response to these privacy concerns is to post anonymously or pseudonymously, but recent psychological research shows that some Internet users do not establish separate, online personae, but instead consider their online identity as an extension of their real-life self [3]. And although privacy expectations that users desire are easy to state, there is a large gap between the users’ mental models and the policy languages of traditional access-control systems [2]. The consequences of poor access control are welldocumented in the news media. Bloggers have lost their jobs when their employer discovered the employee’s personal blog [9]. Sexual predators use social-networking sites to find victims [7]. Bloggers have been stalked based on the opinions and personal information placed on their blog [8]. Universities have disciplined students using photographs published on social-networking sites [1]. For all these reasons, we advocate that blogs and social networks need a policy mechanism that supports high-level policies that can be expressed succinctly, applied automatically, and updated easily. Current access-control systems fail to meet these goals. Users manually enforce and manage their policies, users, groups, and roles of the system. Furthermore, these systems lack intuitive tools and interfaces for policy generation. We propose to solve all these problems by specifying access-control policies in terms of the content being mediated, e.g. “Blog posts about my home-town are visible to my high school friends. ” The system will then automatically infer the posts that are subject to policy rules based on the posts’ contents. Similarly, the system can infer relationships and interests of the users based on the content of objects they create (see Section 3). Such policies will be intuitive and easy to specify, greatly enhancing usability for non-technical users. We first discuss the current state of access control on content-driven sites and analyze approaches proposed in literature for implementing access control for the web. We then describe our proposed method of access control for content-sharing sites.
Learning to Rank Semantic Coherence for Topic Segmentation

Topic segmentation plays an important role for discourse parsing and information retrieval. Due to the absence of training data, previous work mainly adopts unsupervised methods to rank semantic coherence between paragraphs for topic segmentation. In this paper, we present an intuitive and simple idea to automatically create a “quasi” training dataset, which includes a large amount of text pairs from the same or different documents with different semantic coherence. With the training corpus, we design a symmetric CNN neural network to model text pairs and rank the semantic coherence within the learning to rank framework. Experiments show that our algorithm is able to achieve competitive performance over strong baselines on several real-world datasets.
Analysis of Triclosan-Selected Salmonella enterica Mutants of Eight Serovars Revealed Increased Aminoglycoside Susceptibility and Reduced Growth Rates

The biocide triclosan (TRC) is used in a wide range of household, personal care, veterinary, industrial and medical products to control microbial growth. This extended use raises concerns about a possible association between the application of triclosan and the development of antibiotic resistance. In the present study we determined triclosan mutant prevention concentrations (MPC) for Salmonella enterica isolates of eight serovars and investigated selected mutants for their mechanisms mediating decreased susceptibility to triclosan. MPCTRC values were 8 - 64-fold higher than MIC values and ranged between 1 - 16 µg/ml. The frequencies at which mutants were selected varied between 1.3 x 10-10 - 9.9 x 10-11. Even if MIC values of mutants decreased by 3-7 dilution steps in the presence of the efflux pump inhibitor Phe-Arg-β-naphtylamide, only minor changes were observed in the expression of genes encoding efflux components or regulators, indicating that neither the major multidrug efflux pump AcrAB-TolC nor AcrEF are up-regulated in triclosan-selected mutants. Nucleotide sequence comparisons confirmed the absence of alterations in the regulatory regions acrRA, soxRS, marORAB, acrSE and ramRA of selected mutants. Single bp and deduced Gly93→Val amino acid exchanges were present in fabI, the target gene of triclosan, starting from a concentration of 1 µg/ml TRC used for MPC determinations. The fabI genes were up to 12.4-fold up-regulated. Complementation experiments confirmed the contribution of Gly93→Val exchanges and fabI overexpression to decreased triclosan susceptibility. MIC values of mutants compared to parent strains were even equal or resulted in a more susceptible phenotype (1-2 dilution steps) for the aminoglycoside antibiotics kanamycin and gentamicin as well as for the biocide chlorhexidine. Growth rates of selected mutants were significantly lower and hence, might partly explain the rare occurrence of Salmonella field isolates exhibiting decreased susceptibility to triclosan.
New Endoscopic Hemostasis Methods

Endoscopic treatment for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding has evolved over decades. Injection with diluted epinephrine is considered as a less than adequate treatment, and the current standard therapy should include second modality if epinephrine injection is used initially. Definitive hemostasis rate following mono-therapy with either thermo-coagulation or hemo-clipping compares favorably with dual therapies. The use of adsorptive powder (Hemo-spray) is a promising treatment although it needs comparative studies between hemospray and other modalities. Stronger hemo-clips with better torque control and wider span are now available. Over-the-scope clips capture a large amount of tissue and may prove useful in refractory bleeding. Experimental treatments include an endoscopic stitch device to over-sew the bleeding lesion and targeted therapy to the sub-serosal bleeding artery as guided by echo-endoscopy. Angiographic embolization of bleeding artery should be considered in chronic ulcers that fail endoscopic treatment especially in elderly patients with a major bleed manifested in hypotension.
Chinese Spelling Error Detection and Correction Based on Language Model, Pronunciation, and Shape

S pell ing check is an important preprocessing task when dealing with user generated texts such as tweets and product comments. Compared with some western languages such as English, Chinese spelling check is more complex because there is no word delimiter in Chinese written texts and misspelled characters can only be determined in word level. Our system works as follows. First, we use character-level n-gram language model s to detect potential misspelled characters with low probabilities below some predefined threshold. Second, for each potential incorrect character, we generate a candidate set based on pronunciation and shape similarities. Third, we filter some candidate corrections if the candidate cannot form a legal word with its neighbors according to a word dictionary. Finally, we find the best candidate with highest language model probability. If the probability is higher than a predefined threshold, then we replace the original character; or we consider the original character as correct and take no action. Our preliminary experiments shows that our simple method can achieve relatively high precision but low recall.
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis TrcR Response Regulator Represses Transcription of the Intracellularly Expressed Rv1057 Gene, Encoding a Seven-Bladed β-Propeller

ABSTRACT The Mycobacterium tuberculosis TrcR response regulator binds and regulates its own promoter via an AT-rich sequence. Sequences within this AT-rich region determined to be important for TrcR binding were used to search the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome to identify additional related TrcR binding sites. A similar AT-rich sequence was identified within the intergenic region located upstream of the Rv1057 gene. In the present work, we demonstrate that TrcR binds to a 69-bp AT-rich sequence within the Rv1057 intergenic region and generates specific contacts on the same side of the DNA helix. An M. tuberculosis trcRS deletion mutant, designated STS10, was constructed and used to determine that TrcR functions as a repressor of Rv1057 expression. Additionally, identification of the Rv1057 transcriptional start site suggests that a SigE-regulated promoter also mediates control of Rv1057 expression. Using selective capture of transcribed sequences (SCOTS) analysis as an evaluation of intracellular expression, Rv1057 was shown to be expressed during early M. tuberculosis growth in human macrophages, and the Rv1057 expression profile correlated with a gene that would be repressed by TrcR. Based on structural predictions, motif analyses, and molecular modeling, Rv1057 consists of a series of antiparallel β-strands which adopt a β-propeller fold, and it was determined to be the only seven-bladed β-propeller encoded in the M. tuberculosis genome. These results provide evidence of TrcR response regulator repression of the Rv1057 β-propeller gene that is expressed during growth of M. tuberculosis within human macrophages.
Tree Matching Problems with Applications to Structured Text Databases

Tree matching is concerned with nding the instances, or matches, of a given pattern tree in a given target tree. We introduce ten interrelated matching problems called tree inclusion problems. A speciic tree inclusion problem is deened by specifying the trees that are instances of the patterns. The problems diier from each other in the amount of similarity required between the patterns and their instances. We present and analyze algorithms for solving these problems, and show that the computational complexities of the problems range from linear to NP-complete. The problems are motivated by the study of query languages for struc-tured text databases. The structure of a text document can be described by a context-free grammar, and text collections can be represented as collections of parse trees. Matching-based operations are an intuitive basis for accessing the contents of structured text databases. In \G-grammatical" tree inclusion problems the target tree is a parse tree over a context-free grammar G. We show that a certain natural class of grammars allows solving some of the grammatical inclusion problems in linear time. Tree inclusion problems are extended by introducing logical variables in the patterns. These variables allow extracting substructures of the pattern matches and posing equality constraints on them. We show that most of the tree inclusion problems with logical variables are NP-hard, and also consider solving their polynomial versions. As an application of these problems we nally show how tree inclusion with logical variables can be used for querying structured text databases, and discuss how the inclusion queries should be evaluated in practice.
A Comparison of Scent-Delivery Devices and Their Meaningful Use for In-Car Olfactory Interaction

In the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI), vision and audition have been the dominating modalities for interacting with users. This is despite the fact that humans are equipped with five basic senses. Because of this, there is a limited number of tools that harness the olfactory system as a communication channel. Recently, several promising scent-delivery devices have been developed, however, there is a lack of guidance on how to use them in a meaningful way for different interactive tasks. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional framework to compare different scent-delivery devices based on the distance, volume, and speed of the scent-delivery. We discuss how this initial exploration can guide the design of in-car olfactory interfaces beyond previous work on drivers' physical and emotional state.
Pharmacokinetics and Dose Recommendations for Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus When Coadministered With ABT‐450, Ombitasvir, and Dasabuvir

ABT‐450, ombitasvir, and dasabuvir are direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAAs) that have been developed for combination treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Because these DAAs have metabolic and transporter profiles that overlap with cyclosporine and tacrolimus disposition, there is potential for drug interactions. Two Phase 1 studies assessed effects of ABT–450 (150 mg coadministered with ritonavir 100 mg once daily), ombitasvir (25 mg once daily), and dasabuvir (400 mg twice daily) on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a single dose of cyclosporine (30 mg) or tacrolimus (2 mg) in healthy volunteers (N = 12 per study). In the presence of steady‐state concentrations of all 3 DAAs, dose‐normalized cyclosporine concentration at 24 hours (C24), and area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC∞) were 15.8‐fold and 5.8‐fold, respectively, and dose‐normalized tacrolimus C24 and AUC∞ were 17‐fold and 57‐fold, respectively, of either agent alone. Cyclosporine and tacrolimus half‐lives increased from 7 to 25 h and 32 to 232 h, respectively. There were no major safety or tolerability issues in these studies. The results suggest that cyclosporine and tacrolimus doses and dosing frequency should be reduced in HCV‐infected posttransplant patients being treated with this 3‐DAA regimen.
On generating high quality tests based on cell functions

In this paper we consider detection of faults in CMOS cells that are more complex than primitive gates. We derive a single set of tests based on functional description of the cells. The tests derived, if applied, detect multiple stuck-at faults, multiple transistor stuck-open faults, cross wire open faults, delay faults and bridging faults between inputs of the cell, in any implementation of the cell functions. We give results on an industrial design to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed tests relative to standard stuck-at, cell exhaustive and transition fault tests in covering faults in such cells.
Cache Miss Analysis for GPU Programs Based on Stack Distance Profile

Using the graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate the general purpose computation has attracted much attention from both the academia and industry due to GPU's powerful computing capacity. Thus optimization of GPU programs has become a popular research direction. In order to support the general purpose computing more efficiently, GPU has integrated the general data cache to replace the existing software-managed on-chip memory. Consequently, improving the usage of the data cache becomes of vital importance to improve the performance of the GPU programs. The foundation of cache locality optimizations is efficient analysis and prediction of the cache behavior. Unfortunately, existing cache miss analysis models are based on sequential programs and thus cannot be used to analyze the GPU programs directly. In this paper, based on the deep analysis of GPU's execution model, we propose, for the first time, a cache miss analysis model for the GPU programs. We divide the problem into two subproblems: stack distance profile analysis of single thread block and cache contention analysis of multiple thread blocks. The experimental results from nine typical application kernels in the scientific computing field illustrate that our method is efficient and can be used to guide the cache locality optimizations for the GPU programs.
A simple printed square monopole antenna with wideband circular polarization

A printed loop monopole antenna with wideband circular polarization is presented. The wideband circular polarization is achieved by asymmetrical excitation of hemicycle ground plane and planar loop monopole antenna. The combined radiation provides a wide axial-ratio bandwidth spanning from 1.73to 3.10GHz (54.8%). A parametric study of the key geometric parameters is given for the better understanding of the radiation mechanism.
Disjunctive Normal Form Schemes for Heterogeneous Attributed Graphs

Several 'edge-discovery' applications over graph-based data models are known to have worst-case quadratic complexity, even if the discovered edges are sparse. One example is the generic link discovery problem between two graphs, which has invited research interest in several communities. Specific versions of this problem include link prediction in social networks, ontology alignment between metadata-rich RDF data, approximate joins, and entity resolution between instance-rich data. As large datasets continue to proliferate, reducing quadratic complexity to make the task practical is an important research problem. Within the entity resolution community, the problem is commonly referred to as blocking. A particular class of learnable blocking schemes is known as Disjunctive Normal Form (DNF) blocking schemes, and has emerged as state-of-the art for homogeneous (i.e. same-schema) tabular data. Despite the promise of these schemes, a formalism or learning framework has not been developed for them when input data instances are generic, attributed graphs possessing both node and edge heterogeneity. With such a development, the complexity-reducing scope of DNF schemes becomes applicable to a variety of problems, including entity resolution and type alignment between heterogeneous RDF graphs, and link prediction in networks represented as attributed graphs. This paper presents a graph-theoretic formalism for DNF schemes, and investigates their learnability in an optimization framework. Experimentally, the DNF schemes learned on pairs of heterogeneous RDF graphs are demonstrated to achieve high complexity-reductions (98.25% across ten RDF test cases) at little cost to coverage, and with high reliability (<2.5% standard deviation). Finally, one extant class of RDF blocking schemes is shown to be a special case of DNF schemes.
Trans-phonon effects in ultra-fast nanodevices

We report a novel phenomenon in carbon nanotube based ultra-fast mechanical devices, the trans-phonon effect, which resembles the transonic effects in aerodynamics. It is caused by dissipative resonance of nanotube phonons similar to the radial breathing mode, and subsequent drastic surge of the dragging force on the sliding tube, and multiple phonon barriers are encountered as the intertube sliding velocity reaches critical values. It is found that the trans-phonon effects can be tuned by applying geometric constraints or varying chirality combinations of the nanotubes.
The Human Apolipoprotein AV Gene Is Regulated by Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-α and Contains a Novel Farnesoid X-activated Receptor Response Element*

The newly identified apolipoprotein AV (apoAV) gene is a key player in determining plasma triglyceride concentrations. Because hypertriglyceridemia is a major independent risk factor in coronary artery disease, the understanding of the regulation of the expression of this gene is of considerable importance. We presently characterize the structure, the transcription start site, and the promoter of the human apoAV gene. Since the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and the farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR) have been shown to modulate the expression of genes involved in triglyceride metabolism, we evaluated the potential role of these nuclear receptors in the regulation of apoAV transcription. Bile acids and FXR induced the apoAV gene promoter activity. 5′-Deletion, mutagenesis, and gel shift analysis identified a heretofore unknown element at positions –103/–84 consisting of an inverted repeat of two consensus receptor-binding hexads separated by 8 nucleotides (IR8), which was required for the response to bile acid-activated FXR. The isolated IR8 element conferred FXR responsiveness on a heterologous promoter. On the other hand, in apoAV-expressing human hepatic Hep3B cells, transfection of PPARα specifically enhanced apoAV promoter activity. By deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, and binding analysis, a PPARα response element located 271 bp upstream of the transcription start site was identified. Finally, treatment with a specific PPARα activator led to a significant induction of apoAV mRNA expression in hepatocytes. The identification of apoAV as a PPARα target gene has major implications with respect to mechanisms whereby pharmacological PPARα agonists may exert their beneficial hypotriglyceridemic actions.
Effect of Cervical Spine Immobilization Technique on Pediatric Advanced Airway Management: A High-Fidelity Infant Simulation Model

Objective: Current guidelines recommend cervical spine immobilization during orotracheal intubation when traumatic injury is suspected in infants. We evaluated the effect of cervical spine immobilization techniques on orotracheal intubation performance with a high-fidelity infant simulator. Methods: A randomized control study with repeated measurement. Nonanesthesia pediatric practitioners certified for intubation performed 6 intubations with 3 different cervical spine immobilization techniques (no physical protection, manual in-line immobilization, and cervical collar: C-collar). Time to accomplish key actions, cervical extension angle, and observed intubation associated events such as mainstem intubation, esophageal intubation with or without immediate recognition were recorded. Results: Twenty-six practitioners performed 156 successful orotracheal intubation. Time to intubation from end of mask assist ventilation was 29.0 ± 12.2 seconds in no physical protection, 33.0 ± 17.4 seconds in C-collar, and 33.0 ± 17.1 seconds in manual in-line immobilization (P = 0.39). Maximal cervical extension angle in no physical protection (2.39 ± 2.56°) and C-collar (2.65 ± 1.79°) were significantly greater compared with 0.85 ± 1.05° in manual in-line immobilization (P < 0.0001). The number of intubation attempts and intubation associated events were not different among 3 techniques. Laryngeal visualization measured by Cormack-LehaneScale was more difficult in C-collar compared with other 2 techniques (P< 0.001). Conclusions: In this high-fidelity infant simulator model, cervical spine immobilization technique affected cervical extension angle and laryngeal visualization. Tracheal intubation associated events occurred in 33% of intubation attempts but were not different by technique. Time to achieve tracheal intubation, number of intubation attempts needed to succeed, and intubation-associated events were not affected by immobilization techniques. These results support Advanced Trauma Life Support recommendations to perform manual in-line immobilization in infants.