Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coupling of a signal response domain in I kappa B alpha to multiple pathways for NF-kappa B activation

The eukaryotic transcription factor NF-kappa B plays a central role in the induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and in many aspects of the genetic program mediating normal T-cell activation and growth. The nuclear activity of NF-kappa B is tightly regulated from the cytoplasmic compartment by an inhibitory subunit called I kappa B alpha. This cytoplasmic inhibitor is rapidly phosphorylated and degraded in response to a diverse set of NF-kappa B-inducing agents, including T-cell mitogens, proinflammatory cytokines, and viral transactivators such as the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. To explore these I kappa B alpha-dependent mechanisms for NF-kappa B induction, we identified novel mutants of I kappa B alpha that uncouple its inhibitory and signal-transducing functions in human T lymphocytes. Specifically, removal of the N-terminal 36 amino acids of I kappa B alpha failed to disrupt its ability to form latent complexes with NF-kappa B in the cytoplasm. However, this deletion mutation prevented the induced phosphorylation, degradative loss, and functional release of I kappa B alpha from NF-kappa B in Tax-expressing cells. Alanine substitutions introduced at two serine residues positioned within this N-terminal regulatory region of I kappa B alpha also yielded constitutive repressors that escaped from Tax-induced turnover and that potently inhibited immune activation pathways for NF-kappa B induction, including those initiated from antigen and cytokine receptors. In contrast, introduction of a phosphoserine mimetic at these sites rectified this functional defect, a finding consistent with a causal linkage between the phosphorylation status and proteolytic stability of this cytoplasmic inhibitor. Together, these in vivo studies define a critical signal response domain in I kappa B alpha that coordinately controls the biologic activities of I kappa B alpha and NF-kappa B in response to viral and immune stimuli.
The Progression toward Constructivist Epistemological Views of Science: A Case Study of the STS Instruction of Taiwanese High School Female Students.

Prior research revealed that having constructivist-oriented scientific epistemological views could be an important prerequisite for implementing so-called constructivist-based teaching strategies. How to help students acquire constructivist oriented epistemological views of science, then, becomes a major concern for practicing science educators. This study viewed STS (Science-Technology-Society) instruction as a promising means to help students progress toward constructivist oriented epistemological views of science. One hundred and one Taiwanese female 10th graders (16-year-olds) were assigned to either a traditional instruction group or a STS treatment group. Through an eight month research treatment it was found that STS group students, at the final stage of this study, tended to have scientific epistemological views more oriented to constructivist views of science than traditional group subjects. Further analyses revealed that, among STS group students, those originally having empiricist-aligned views.
Collaborating to Support Meaningful Participation in Recreational Activities of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Participation in recreational activities is associated with increased quality of life and life satisfaction; it is essential to our lives. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience restriction in the range of recreational activities in which they participate. Complex factors impede participation in recreation activities of children with ASD, underscoring the need for professionals to work with parents to enhance participation in recreational activities. Given opportunity and adaptations, individuals with ASD can participate and enjoy the same recreation activities as others. This article describes the application of family-centered care and collaborative teaming principles to maximize the participation of children with ASD in recreational activities.
Document Re-ranking Using Partial Social Tagging

Social annotations provide additional document description contributed by online users and they have been explored for improving search performance. However, most existing methods need offline analysis of the whole tagged corpus, which is computationally expensive and cannot fit specific queries well. In this paper, we propose to use tags for document re-ranking. Specifically, we first estimate document similarity by combining words and tags and then adjust the document ranks with the assumption that similar documents should have similar retrieval scores. On similarity estimation, we present a new feature extraction method, called CRMF, from which document similarity can be derived. The CRMF can integrate the content and relation properties of multiple views and mine their correspondence. Besides, it does not require that all the documents to have tags. We tested the proposed approach on collections which are derived from Clue Web and contain Delicious tags. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of tags on document re-ranking, where CRMF is significantly better than other state-of-the-art methods using tags.
The A-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Spaces Using Relative Approximation

We propose a novel index structure, A-tree (Approximation tree), for similarity search of high-dimensional data. The basic idea of the A-tree is the introduction of Virtual Bounding Rectangles (VBRs), which contain and approximate MBRs and data objects. VBRs can be represented rather compactly, and thus affect the tree configuration both quantitatively and qualitatively. Firstly, since tree nodes can install large number of entries of VBRs, fanout of nodes becomes large, thus leads to fast search. More importantly, we have a free hand in arranging MBRs and VBRs in tree nodes. In the A-trees, nodes contain entries of an MBR and its children VBRs. Therefore, by fetching a node of an A-tree, we can obtain the information of exact position of a parent MBR and approximate position of its children. We have performed experiments using both synthetic and real data sets. For the real data sets, the A-tree outperforms the SR-tree and the VA-File in all range of dimensionality up to 64 dimension, which is the highest dimension in our experiments. The A-tree achieves 77.3% (77.7%, resp.) savings in page accesses compared to the SR-tree (the VA-File, resp.) for 64-dimensional real data.
The relationship of interleukin‐1 and immune functions to sleep in humans.

&NA; Serial sampling of peripheral blood from six healthy adult male volunteers was performed during daytime waking and nighttime sleeping. In addition, sleep physiology was assessed in all subjects (Ss) and sleep stages scored blind by standard criteria. Samples of plasma were analyzed for cortisol (Co) levels, functional interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) activity. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) were assayed to evaluate natural killer (NK) activity and mitogen responsiveness. Dramatic increase in IL‐1 activity along with changes in other immune functions occurred during sleep and were related to onset of slow wave sleep.
Language Modeling in the ICSI-SRI Spring 2005 Meeting Speech Recognition Evaluation System

In this report, we describe the language models (LMs) used in the ICSI-SRI system for the NIST Spring 2005 Meeting Rich Transcription (RT-05S) evaluation. Our LMs are linear interpolations of n-gram models trained on a small number of in-domain sources and a large number of out-of-domain sources, which include conference proceedings and newly collected web data, in addition to other commonly-used corpora. Despite the lack of any training data for the lecture recognition task in the evaluation, effective LMs for this task are designed. As compared to the LMs of the ICSI-SRI-UW system for the NIST Spring 2004 Meeting Rich Transcription (RT-04S) evaluation, significant improvements in perplexity and word error rate (WER) are obtained, which are mainly due to the additional training data from the web and conference proceedings.
Gause's Principle and the Effect of Resource Partitioning on the Dynamical Coexistence of Replicating Templates

Models of competitive template replication, although basic for replicator dynamics and primordial evolution, have not yet taken different sequences explicitly into account, neither have they analyzed the effect of resource partitioning (feeding on different resources) on coexistence. Here we show by analytical and numerical calculations that Gause's principle of competitive exclusion holds for template replicators if resources (nucleotides) affect growth linearly and coexistence is at fixed point attractors. Cases of complementary or homologous pairing between building blocks with parallel or antiparallel strands show no deviation from the rule that the nucleotide compositions of stably coexisting species must be different and there cannot be more coexisting replicator species than nucleotide types. Besides this overlooked mechanism of template coexistence we show also that interesting sequence effects prevail as parts of sequences that are copied earlier affect coexistence more strongly due to the higher concentration of the corresponding replication intermediates. Template and copy always count as one species due their constraint of strict stoichiometric coupling. Stability of fixed-point coexistence tends to decrease with the length of sequences, although this effect is unlikely to be detrimental for sequences below 100 nucleotides. In sum, resource partitioning (niche differentiation) is the default form of competitive coexistence for replicating templates feeding on a cocktail of different nucleotides, as it may have been the case in the RNA world. Our analysis of different pairing and strand orientation schemes is relevant for artificial and potentially astrobiological genetics.
Dynamic distance maps of the Internet

There is an increasing number of Internet applications that attempt to optimize their network communication by considering the network distance across which data is transferred. Such applications range from replication management to mobile agent applications. One major problem of these applications is to efficiently acquire distance information for large computer networks. This paper presents an approach to creating a global view on the Internet, a so-called network distance map, which realizes a hierarchical decomposition of the network into regions and which allows us to estimate the network distance between any two hosts. This view is not only a single snapshot but is dynamically adapted to the continuously changing network conditions. The main idea is to use a certain set of hosts for performing distance measurements and to use the so-gained information for estimating the distance between arbitrary hosts. A hierarchical clustering provides the notion of regions and allows us to coordinate the measurements in such a way that the resulting network load is minimized. An experimental evaluation on the basis of 119 globally distributed measurement servers shows that already a small number of measurement servers allows us to construct fairly accurate distance maps at low cost.
Soft-switching hybrid FSO/RF links using short-length raptor codes: design and implementation

Free-space optical (FSO) links offer gigabit per second data rates and low system complexity, but suffer from atmospheric loss due to fog and scintillation. Radio-frequency (RF) links have lower data rates, but are relatively insensitive to weather. Hybrid FSO/RF links combine the advantages of both links. Currently, selection or "hard-switching" is performed between FSO or RF links depending on feedback from the receiver. This technique is inefficient since only one medium is used at a time. In this paper, we develop a "soft-switching" scheme for hybrid FSO/RF links using short-length Raptor codes. Raptor encoded packets are sent simultaneously on both links and the code adapts to the conditions on either link with very limited feedback. A set of short-length Raptor codes (k = 16 to 1024) are presented which are amenable to highspeed implementation. A practical Raptor encoder and decoder are implemented in an FPGA and shown to support a 714 Mbps data rate with a 97 mW power consumption and 26360 gate circuit scale. The performance of the switching algorithms is simulated in a realistic channel model based on climate data. For a 1 Gbps FSO link combined with a 96 Mbps WiMAX RF link, an average rate of over 472 Mbps is achieved using the implemented Raptor code while hard-switching techniques achieved 112 Mbps on average.
XBMS - an open XML bibliography management system

Having a well-managed bibliographic collection scheme and an efficient citation system are valuable in research communities. Current bibliography management systems are limited in the sense that they are application-oriented or even word-processor oriented, such as WinBibDb for LaTeX and EndNote for MicroSoft Word. Since article writers may want to add remarks to the bibliography, such as critical formula or context associated with the related entry, a bibliography management system should be flexible enough to deal with the bibliography construction and usage. As more and more publishers requesting their own XML formats for publication, together with the open feature of XML and Internet accessibility, we propose an open XML-based bibliography management system (XBMS). With XBMS, an author can freely compose an article with his favorite editors, efficiently utilize the citation service, and automatically generate the desired document format, such as PDF, TeX, or other XML format. There are four phases in XBMS workflow of processing: editing phase, validating phase, associating phase, and transformation phase. In this paper, both tree language and tree automata of XBMS are described to model the operation of automatic bibliography association. We also present an implementation of XBMS using popular XML parser, Xerces, and XSLT processor, Xalan, and give an example to demonstrate its feasibility.
The emergence of industry of playful hybrids: developer's perspective

In the beginning of the 2010s one of the common trends among toy and game industries was the rise of a wide variety of play products that combined material and digital interaction elements in their design. Working as an explorative study, this paper focuses on uncovering the focal points of that emerging new industry centered on these 'hybrid' play products. The paper focuses on the time period of 2012--2014, identified in the article as formative years of the smart-device centric hybrid play products. During the same period, eight expert interviews - six with professionals working in the hybrid play products field and two outside of it - were conducted to gain deeper understanding on how developers working with hybrid products perceived the industry around them and what kind of elements affected working in hybrid play products industry during that time. The results help to understand the evolving play products environment centered on capacitive touch technologies, connectivity, and inexpensive microcontrollers.
Influence of different rol gene products on the chain length of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide O antigen expressed by Shigella flexneri carrier strains

Introduction of the rol genes of Shigella dysenteriae 1 and Escherichia coli K-12 into Shigella flexneri carrier strains expressing the heterologous S. dysenteriae type 1 lipopolysaccharide resulted in the formation of longer chains of S. dysenteriae 1 O antigen. In bacteria producing both homologous and heterologous O antigen, this resulted in a reduction of the masking of heterologous O antigen by homologous lipopolysaccharide and an increased immune response induced by intraperitoneal immunization of mice by recombinant bacteria. The rol genes of S. dysenteriae 1 and E. coli K-12 were sequenced, and their gene products were compared with the S. flexneri Rol protein. The primary sequence of S. flexneri Rol differs from both E. coli K-12 and S. dysenteriae 1 Rol proteins only at positions 267 and 270, which suggests that this region may be responsible for the difference in biological activities.
The hyperfine structure of the hydrogen molecular ion

A calculation is presented of the energy levels of the hydrogen molecular ion in the ground state for different orientations of the electron spin, taking into account the coupling of the electron spin to the nuclear spin and to the nuclear rotational angular momentum. The first-order coupling terms are evaluated to very high accuracy, and quantitative results are given for the level splitting for a number of rotational levels.
2-Alkyl-3-Alkylamino-2H-Benzo- and Pyridothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxides: From K+ATP Channel Openers to Ca++ Channel Blockers?

Abstract A series of 2-alkyl-3-alkylamino-2Hbenzo and 2-alkyl-3-alkylamino-2Hpyrido[4,3-e]-1,2,4-thiadiazine 1,1-dioxides, structurally related to BPDZ 44 and BPDZ 73, two potent pancreatic Bcells K+ ATP channel openers, were synthesized and tested on rat pancreatic islets (endocrine tissue) as well as on rat aorta rings (vascular smooth muscle tissue). Alkylation of the 2-position led to double bond tautomerization and formation of compounds with a 2Hconformation. In contrast to the previously described pyridothiadiazine dioxides, such as BPDZ 44, and 7-chlorobenzothiadiazine dioxides, such as BPDZ 73, the 2-alkylsubstituted analogs were found to be poorly active on the insulin releasing process although most drugs exhibited a vasorelaxant activity. As a result, the new 2-alkylsubstituted pyridinic compounds expressed a selectivity profile (vascular smooth muscle tissue vs pancreatic tissue) opposite to that of their nonalkylsubstituted counterparts, i.e. BPDZ 44. Additional investigations revealed that, in contrast to their non 2-alkylsubstituted analogs, the most interesting 2-methylsubstituted derivatives did not express the pharmacological profile of classical K+ATP channel openers. The pharmacological results rather suggest that alkylation of the 2-position of the thiadiazine ring led to drugs that could act as Ca2+ channel blockers rather than as potassium channel openers.
A numerical algorithm to solve AT X A - X = Q

Two kinds of algorithm are usually resorted to in order to solve the well-known Lyapounov discrete equation AT X A - X = Q : transformation of the original linear system in a classical one with n(n+1)/2 unknowns, and iterative scheme [1]. The first requires n4/4 storage words and a cost of n6/3 multiplications, which is impractical with a large system, and the second applies only if A is a stable matrix. The solution proposed requires no stability assumption and operates in only some n2 words and n3 multiplications.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Gene

Objective. To construct the eukaryotic expression vector hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-pcDNA3.1 and to investigate its transfective efficiency into mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and the expression of HIF-1α gene in MSCs. Methods. mRNA of Wistar Rats' myocardial cells was extracted, and cDNA was synthesized with Reverse Transcription Kit, HIF-1α was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and constructed into pcDNA3.1. Transfected HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 into MSCs by liposome mediated method. The expression of HIF-1α in the cells was detected by Western Blot Analysis and ELISA. Results. Eukaryotic expression vector HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 was constructed successfully. Analyzed by flow cytometer, The MSCs' surfaces mark were CD44+, SH3(CD73)+, CD34−, CD45− and the CD44+ cells and SH3(CD73)+ cells were 94.7% and 97.3%, respectively, showing the high purity of the cultured MSCs. After inducing, the cultured MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes successfully. In HIF-1α gene transfected MSCs, the expression of HIF-1α mRNA and HIF-1α protein were both increased obviously. Conclusion. HIF-1α was cloned successfully. HIF-1α-pcDNA3.1 can be transfected into MSCs by liposome-mediated method effectively and which resulting stable expression of HIF-1α in transfected MSCs.
13.8 A 5.8GHz RF-powered transceiver with a 113μW 32-QAM transmitter employing the IF-based quadrature backscattering technique

Although it is obvious that using a trillion sensor nodes for wireless sensor network (WSN) application would deeply exacerbate the spectral congestion issue, RF-powered sensor nodes [1,2] still support only low spectral-efficiency modulation such as OOK. State-of-the-art standard-compliant RF transceivers for low-power applications have been achieving multilevel modulation such as n/8 D8PSK [3], but their power consumption is as large as 1mW without PA even in the 400MHz band because of the large power consumption of the RF synthesizer, which is required to provide high-frequency accuracy and low phase noise for multilevel modulation. This work presents an IF-based quadrature backscattering technique, enabling n-PSK and n-QAM without an RF PLL. The presented technique exploits the passive RFID technologies, but can realize both amplitude and phase modulation concurrently. Our TX in 65nm Si CMOS achieves spectral efficiency of 3.3b/s/Hz with 32QAM while consuming 113uW with a 0.6V power supply in our measurements, which has 6.6 times better spectral efficiency than previous RF-powered wireless transceivers [1,2]. The prototype RF-powered sensor node with our transceiver including the TX, RX, and an RF energy harvester (RF-EH), succeeds in a wireless temperature-sensing application.
Intraoperative brain shift and deformation: a quantitative analysis of cortical displacement in 28 cases.

OBJECTIVE A quantitative analysis of intraoperative cortical shift and deformation was performed to gain a better understanding of the nature and extent of this problem and the resultant loss of spatial accuracy in surgical procedures coregistered to preoperative imaging studies. METHODS Three-dimensional feature tracking and two-dimensional image analysis of the cortical surface were used to quantify the observed motion. Data acquisition was facilitated by a ceiling-mounted robotic platform, which provided a number of precision tracking capabilities. The patient's head position and the size and orientation of the craniotomy were recorded at the start of surgery. Error analysis demonstrated that the surface displacement measuring methodology was accurate to 1 to 2 mm. Statistical tests were performed to examine correlations between the amount of displacement and the type of surgery, the nature of the cranial opening, the region of the brain involved, the duration of surgery, and the degree of invasiveness. RESULTS The results showed that a displacement of an average of 1 cm occurred, with the dominant directional component being associated with gravity. The mean displacement was determined to be independent of the size and orientation of the cranial opening. CONCLUSION These data suggest that loss of spatial registration with preoperative images is gravity-dominated and of sufficient extent that attention to errors resulting from misregistration during the course of surgery is warranted.