Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physiological consequences of U.S. Army Ranger training.

PURPOSE Soldiers are expected to maintain a high degree of physical readiness as operational demands can severely degrade performance capabilities. This study examined the physiological consequences of U.S. Army Ranger training on strength, power, body composition, and somatotrophic hormones. METHODS In an intensive 8-wk military training course that included an average daily energy deficit of 1000 kcal.d, lower-body power output, maximal lifting strength, body composition, and serum concentrations of several somatotrophic hormones were measured in 50 male soldiers (24.6 +/- 4.4 y; 176.1 +/- 7.8 cm; 78.4 +/- 8.7 kg; 14.7 +/- 4.2% body fat) before and after the course. RESULTS Vertical jump height (-16%), explosive power output (-21%), maximal lifting strength. (-20%), body mass (-13%), fat-free mass (-6%), and fat mass (-50%) declined (P < 0.05) after the training course. Circulating total testosterone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) experienced significant (P < 0.05) declines, and cortisol was significantly increased. Lower-body power output, but not maximal lifting strength, correlated with changes in fat-free mass. IGF-I and cortisol, but not total testosterone, were correlated with losses of tissue mass. CONCLUSION Lower-body power output, estimated from vertical jump height and body mass, is a sensitive and field expedient measure that can be used to assess the influence of caloric deficit on physical performance after 8 wk of U.S. Army Ranger training. With severe weight loss (>or=13% of body mass), IGF-I and cortisol correlate more closely with soft-tissue tissue adaptations than does testosterone.
Health Anxiety : clinical and research perspectives on hypochondriasis and related conditions

About the Editors. List of Contributors. Foreword: Professor S. Rachman. Preface. Acknowledgments. PART I: CLINICAL FEATURES AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES. 1. Health Anxiety: Classification and Clinical Features (Gordon J. G. Asmundson, Steven Taylor, Serperi Sevgur, and Brian J. Cox). 2. The Psychology of Physical Symptoms and Illness Behavior (Rene Martin, Katherine Lemos, and Howard Leventhal). 3. Making Sense of Hypochondriasis: A Cognitive Theory of Health Anxiety (Paul M. Salkovskis and Hillary Warwick). 4. Personality Traits and Health Anxiety (Erin McClure and Scott O. Lilienfeld). PART II: ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT. 5. Assessment of Health Anxiety (Sherry Stewart and Margo C. Watt). 6. Hypochondriasis: Boundaries and Comorbidities (Russell Noyes, Jr.). 7. Integrated Approach to Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Intense Illness Worries (Patricia Furer, John R. Walker, and Mark H. Freeston). 8. Pharmacological Management of Hypochondriasis and Related Disorders (Murray W. Enns, Kevin Kjernisted, and Mark Lander). 9. General and Cross-Cultural Considerations in a Medical Setting for Patients Presenting with Medically Unexplained Symptoms (Javier I. Escobar, Lesley A. Allen, Constanza Hoyos Nervi, and Michael A. Gara). 10. Hypochondriasis and Health Anxiety in the Elderly (Allison G. Snyder and Melinda A. Stanley). PART III: RELATED CONDITIONS. 11. Heart-focussed Anxiety in Medical and Anxiety-related Psychological Conditions (Georg H. Eifert, Michael J. Zvolensky, and Carl W. Lejuez). 12. Hypochondriasis and Health Anxiety among Pain Patients (Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, Katherine M. B. Owens, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, and Gordon J. G. Asmundson). 13. Psychotic Disorders with Hypochondriacal Features: Delusions of the Soma (David Kingdon, Shanaya Rathod, and Douglas Turkington). 14. Death Anxiety (Robert J. Kastenbaum). PART IV: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS. 15. Future Directions and Challenges in Assessment, Treatment, and Investigation (Gordon J. G. Asmundson, Steven Taylor, Kristi D. Wright, and Brian J. Cox). Author Index. Subject Index.
CORPP: Commonsense Reasoning and Probabilistic Planning, as Applied to Dialog with a Mobile Robot

In order to be fully robust and responsive to a dynamically changing real-world environment, intelligent robots will need to engage in a variety of simultaneous reasoning modalities. In particular, in this paper we consider their needs to i) reason with commonsense knowledge, ii) model their nondeterministic action outcomes and partial observability, and iii) plan toward maximizing long-term rewards. On one hand, Answer Set Programming (ASP) is good at representing and reasoning with commonsense and default knowledge, but is ill-equipped to plan under probabilistic uncertainty. On the other hand, Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes(POMDPs) are strong at planning under uncertainty toward maximizing long-term rewards, but are not designed to incorporate commonsense knowledge and inference. This paper introduces the CORPP algorithm which combines P-log,a probabilistic extension of ASP, with POMDPs to integrate commonsense reasoning with planning under uncertainty.Our approach is fully implemented and tested on a shopping request identification problem both in simulation and on a real robot. Compared with existing approaches using P-log or POMDPs individually, we observe significant improvements in both efficiency and accuracy.
Fuzzy Distance of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

Fuzzy distance is applied on data analysis, classification, and product positioning analysis widely. In this paper, We introduce a fuzzy distance by using graded mean integration representation of generalized fuzzy number and the span of fuzzy number, We also discuss the distance of the linguistic data of “greater or less than x” and “about x”. It is reasonable to say “the fuzzy distance of about 3 and about 7 is about 4 not 4. ”
Set2-Dependent K36 Methylation Is Regulated by Novel Intratail Interactions within H3

ABSTRACT Posttranslational modifications to histones have been studied extensively, but the requirement for the residues within the tails for different stages of transcription is less clear. Using RNR3 as a model, we found that the residues within the N terminus of H3 are predominantly required for steps after transcription initiation and chromatin remodeling. Specifically, deleting as few as 20 amino acids, or substituting glutamines for lysines in the tail, greatly impaired K36 methylation by Set2. The mutations to the tail described here preserve the residues predicted to fill the active site of Set2, and the deletion mimics the recently described cleavage of the H3 tail that occurs during gene activation. Importantly, maintaining the charge of the unmodified tail by arginine substitutions preserves Set2 function in vivo. The H3 tail is dispensable for Set2 recruitment to genes but is required for the catalytic activity of Set2 in vitro. We propose that Set2 activity is controlled by novel intratail interactions which can be influenced by modifications and changes to the structure of the H3 tail to control the dynamics and localization of methylation during elongation.
2 A Light Field Camera for Image Based Rendering

The cost of building a digitizing system for image-based rendering can be prohibitive. Furthermore, the physical size, weight, and complexity of these systems has, in effect, limited their use to small objects and indoor scenes. The primary motivations for this project is to reduce the acquisition cost of light-field capture devices and create a portable system suitable for acquiring outdoor scenes. This paper describes the design of such an apparatus using readily available parts. One of the strategies for reducing the system cost has been to rely on software to correct as many of the geometric and photometric inaccuracies as possible. The resulting light field acquisition device can be built for under $200. The presented light-field acquisition system employs a modified lowcost flatbed scanner. The scanner is interfaced to a standard desktop PC for indoor use or a laptop for outdoor experiments. Focused onto the glass of the scanner is an 8-by-11-grid assembly of one-inch plastic lenses. To make the scanner mobile, the DC power supply is replaced with a 12V lead acid battery. Although the construction of our light-field capture system is simple, the most significant challenges involve the processing of the raw scanner output. Necessary adjustments are color correction and radial distortion removal. Thesis Supervisor: Leonard McMillan Title: Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering
Improving the Treatment and Assessment of Moderate and Severe Pain in a Pediatric Emergency Department

Background. The Janeway Children's Hospital previously enacted a number of measures to improve pain management for patients in its emergency department (ED). While improvements were demonstrated, rates for the timely assessment and treatment of pain remain below standards of care. Objectives. The study objectives are to investigate the impact of the previous attempts to improve the treatment of pain and to explore ways to further improve pain management in the ED. Methods. Key informant interviews and a focus group were conducted with nurses, physicians, and parents whose children were identified as having severe pain. Results. Interviews were conducted with 31 parents or children, 9 physicians, and 8 nurses. The focus group was attended by 15 nurses. Previous initiatives were viewed as improvements. Continued barriers include difficulties in accurately capturing the level of pain, issues in treating pain for specific types of patients, and inadequacy in addressing patients in severe pain. Conclusion. Changes in pain treatment protocols can result in positive impacts but are likely insufficient on their own to achieve desired standards of care. Consistent measurement and engagement with staff can identify additional opportunities for improving pain management within an ED setting.
Detection of Aneurysms by 64-Section Multidetector CT Angiography in Patients Acutely Suspected of Having an Intracranial Aneurysm and Comparison with Digital Subtraction and 3D Rotational Angiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Four-section multisection CT angiography (MSCTA) accurately detects aneurysms at or more than 4 mm but is less accurate for those less than 4 mm. Our purpose was to determine the accuracy of 64-section MSCTA (64MSCTA) in aneurysm detection versus combined digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D rotational angiography (3DRA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective review of patients studied because of acute symptoms suspicious for arising from an intracranial aneurysm, 63 subjects were included who had undergone CT angiography (CTA). Of these, 36 underwent catheter DSA; all but 4 were also studied with 3DRA. The most common indication was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH; n = 43). Two neuroradiologists independently reviewed each CTA, DSA, and 3DRA. RESULTS: A total of 41 aneurysms were found in 28 patients. The mean size was 6.09 mm on DSA/3DRA and 5.98 mm on 64MSCTA. κ was excellent (0.97) between the aneurysm size on 64MSCTA and DSA/3DRA. Ultimately, 37 aneurysms were detected by DSA/3DRA in 25 of the 36 patients who underwent conventional angiography. The reviewers noted four 1- to 1.5-mm sessile outpouchings only on 3DRA; none were considered a source of SAH. One 64MSCTA was false positive, whereas one 2-mm aneurysm was missed by CTA. The sensitivity of CTA for aneurysms less than 4 mm was 92.3%, whereas it was 100% for those 4–10 mm and more than 10 mm, excluding the indeterminate, sessile lesions. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with the available literature, 64MSCTA may have improved the detection of less than 4-mm aneurysms compared with 4- or 16-section CTA. However, the combination of DSA with 3DRA is currently the most sensitive technique to detect untreated aneurysms and should be considered in suspicious cases of SAH where the aneurysm is not depicted by 64MSCTA, because 64MSCTA may occasionally miss aneurysms less than 3–4 mm size.
A Galectin from the Kuruma Shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) Functions as an Opsonin and Promotes Bacterial Clearance from Hemolymph

Galectins are a lectin family characterized by a conserved sequence motif in the carbohydrate recognition domain, which preferential binds to galactosyl moieties. However, few studies about the biological roles of galectins in invertebrates have been reported except for the galectin (CvGal1) from the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Furthermore, galectins have been described in only a few crustacean species, and no functional studies have been reported so far. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a galectin from the kuruma shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, which we designated MjGal. Upon Vibrio anguillarum challenge, expression of MjGal was up-regulated mostly in hemocytes and hepatopancreas, and the protein bound to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through the recognition of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. By also binding to the shrimp hemocyte surface, MjGal functions as an opsonin for microbial pathogens, promoting their phagocytosis. Further, as shown by RNA interference, MjGal participates in clearance of bacteria from circulation, and thereby contributes to the shrimp’s immune defense against infectious challenge. Elucidation of functional and mechanistic aspects of shrimp immunity will enable the development of novel strategies for intervention in infectious diseases currently affecting the shrimp farming industry worldwide.
uvCLAP: a fast, non-radioactive method to identify in vivo targets of RNA-binding proteins

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important and essential roles in eukaryotic gene expression regulating splicing, localization, translation and stability of mRNAs. Understanding the exact contribution of RBPs to gene regulation is crucial as many RBPs are frequently mis-regulated in several neurological diseases and certain cancers. While recently developed techniques provide binding sites of RBPs, they are labor-intensive and generally rely on radioactive labeling of RNA. With more than 1,000 RBPs in a human cell, it is imperative to develop easy, robust, reproducible and high-throughput methods to determine in vivo targets of RBPs. To address these issues we developed uvCLAP (UV crosslinking and affinity purification) as a robust, reproducible method to measure RNA-protein interactions in vivo. To test its performance and applicability we investigated binding of 15 RBPs from fly, mouse and human cells. We show that uvCLAP generates reliable and comparable data to other methods. Unexpectedly, our results show that despite their different subcellular localizations, STAR proteins (KHDRBS1-3, QKI) bind to a similar RNA motif in vivo. Consistently a point mutation (KHDRBS1Y440F) or a natural splice isoform (QKI-6) that changes the respective RBP subcellular localization, dramatically alters target selection without changing the targeted RNA motif. Combined with the knowledge that RBPs can compete and cooperate for binding sites, our data shows that compartmentalization of RBPs can be used as an elegant means to generate RNA target specificity.
Learning assistive strategies from a few user-robot interactions: Model-based reinforcement learning approach

Designing an assistive strategy for exoskeletons is a key ingredient in movement assistance and rehabilitation. While several approaches have been explored, most studies are based on mechanical models of the human user, i.e., rigid-body dynamics or Center of Mass (CoM)-Zero Moment Point (ZMP) inverted pendulum moECenter of Massdel, or only focus on periodic movements with using oscillator models. On the other hand, the interactions between the user and the robot are often not considered explicitly because of its difficulty in modeling. In this paper, we propose to learn the assistive strategies directly from interactions between the user and the robot. We formulate the learning problem of assistive strategies as a policy search problem. To alleviate heavy burdens to the user for data acquisition, we exploit a data-efficient model-based reinforcement learning framework. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, an experimental platform composed of a real subject, an electromyography (EMG)-measurement system, and a simulated robot arm is developed. Then, a learning experiment with the assistive control task of the robot arm is conducted. As a result, proper assistive strategies that can achieve the robot control task and reduce EMG signals of the user are acquired only by 30 seconds interactions.
The rate of heat loss during fasting in the growing pig

1. The heat loss for individual growing pigs, whose initial body-weight was 25–40 kg, was measured continuously for periods of 14 or 21 d when they were maintained at an environmental temperature of either 20 or 30°. For each temperature the feeding level before and after a period of fasting was held at either 39 or 45 g/kg body-weight per d. Four pigs were given each treatment; food was withheld from three animals for a 4 d period in each experiment, and the fourth pig (control) was fed for the whole experimental period. 2. After the withdrawal of food, the heat loss decreased rapidly and minimum values were recorded during the third and fourth days of fasting. Fasting heat loss was higher at 20° than at 30° and was not significantly dependent on the preceding level of feeding. The mean values obtained at 20 and 30° were 457 and 380 kJ/kg0.75 per d respectively. 3. The heat loss during the periods of feeding was significantly higher (P < 0.05) at 30° than at 20°, and was also higher at the higher level of feeding. 4. The apparent efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy for maintenance was calculated as 0.80. 5. It was concluded that the critical temperature for a fasting pig weighing 25–40 kg is approximately 25°.
The influence of psychological stress on total serum protein and patterns obtained in serum protein electrophoresis

Background. Significant alterations in total serum protein (TSP) patterns obtained in serum protein electrophoresis and serum proteins have been reported in patients with major depression and in subjects submitted to a combination of psychological and physical stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of academic examination stress, on TSP and patterns obtained in serum protein electrophoresis. Methods. TSP and the concentrations and percentages of the major electrophoretically separated serum proteins were measured in 41 healthy biomedical students the day before a difficult academic examination (i.e. the stressful condition), as well as a few weeks before and after the stressful condition (i.e. two baseline conditions). Results. Academic examination stress increased TSP and the α1, α2, β and γ concentrations in stress-reactors, but not in stress non-reactors (as defined by changes in the Perceived Stress Scale). Academic examination stress reduced the percentage of albumin in the stress-reactors, but not in stress non-reactors. There were significant positive relationships between the stress-induced changes in TSP and serum α2, β and γ concentrations and the stress-induced changes in the Perceived Stress Scale. Conclusions. The results show that even mild psychological stress of short duration can lead to measurable changes in TSP and in patterns obtained in serum protein electrophoresis.
Parental expectations of social-emotional and self-help/self-direction development in abused children

The present study examined the existence of unrealistic expectations in abusive parents. It was hypothesized that abusive parents would have higher expectations of their children's social-emotional and self-help skills than nonabusive parents. It was also hypothesized that abusive parents would have higher expectations of their children's social-emotional skills than nonabusive parents when both groups compared their children to average children. Abusive and nonabusive parents were administered the Social Competence Scales of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Daily Living Skills domain of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. The results contradict previous studies in this area and raise questions about present conceptualizations of expectations in abusive parents and the importance of this factor in child abuse.
Involvement of a periplasmic protein kinase in DNA strand break repair and homologous recombination in Escherichia coli

The involvement of signal transduction in the repair of radiation‐induced damage to DNA has been known in eukaryotes but remains understudied in bacteria. This article for the first time demonstrates a role for the periplasmic lipoprotein (YfgL) with protein kinase activity transducing a signal for DNA strand break repair in Escherichia coli. Purified YfgL protein showed physical as well as functional interaction with pyrroloquinoline‐quinone in solution and the protein kinase activity of YfgL was strongly stimulated in the presence of pyrroloquinoline‐quinone. Transgenic E. coli cells producing Deinococcus radiodurans pyrroloquinoline‐quinone synthase showed nearly four log cycle improvement in UVC dark survival and 10‐fold increases in gamma radiation resistance as compared with untransformed cells. Pyrroloquinoline‐quinone enhanced the UV resistance of E. coli through the YfgL protein and required the active recombination repair proteins. The yfgL mutant showed higher sensitivity to UVC, mitomycin C and gamma radiation as compared with wild‐type cells and showed a strong impairment in homologous DNA recombination. The mutant expressing an active YfgL in trans recovered the lost phenotypes to nearly wild‐type levels. The results strongly suggest that the periplasmic phosphoquinolipoprotein kinase YfgL plays an important role in radiation‐induced DNA strand break repair and homologous recombination in E. coli.
Reconstructing Tone Sequences from Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Blood-Oxygen Level Dependent Responses within Human Primary Auditory Cortex

Here we show that, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) responses in human primary auditory cortex, it is possible to reconstruct the sequence of tones that a person has been listening to over time. First, we characterized the tonotopic organization of each subject’s auditory cortex by measuring auditory responses to randomized pure tone stimuli and modeling the frequency tuning of each fMRI voxel as a Gaussian in log frequency space. Then, we tested our model by examining its ability to work in reverse. Auditory responses were re-collected in the same subjects, except this time they listened to sequences of frequencies taken from simple songs (e.g., “Somewhere Over the Rainbow”). By finding the frequency that minimized the difference between the model’s prediction of BOLD responses and actual BOLD responses, we were able to reconstruct tone sequences, with mean frequency estimation errors of half an octave or less, and little evidence of systematic biases.
Author ' s personal copy ISMS insider intrusion prevention and detection

A wide variety of different techniques and technologies are potentially applicable for ISMS insider intrusion prevention and detection. In this report we examine three approaches that have not been reviewed in any great detail recently, namely: simulation and modelling, scenario gaming and game theory, and artificial learning technologies. We show how each of these diverse approaches might be applicable to particular corporate scenarios that may eventuate as a result of potential insider intrusions into an ISMS. a 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.