Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Author's Personal Copy Theoretical Computer Science One-reversal Counter Machines and Multihead Automata: Revisited

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t We investigate the power of (1-reversal) counter machines (finite automata with multiple counters, where each counter can ''reverse'' only once, i.e., once a counter decrements, it can no longer increment) and one-way multihead finite automata (finite automata with multiple one-way input heads) as a language acceptor. They can be non-deterministic as well as augmented with a pushdown stack. First, we prove that adding a pushdown stack properly strengthens the deterministic counter machines. Non-deterministic counter machines with a pushdown stack are then compared with multihead finite automata. The proof of their incomparability involves an interesting technique: an assumption that a language be accepted by a non-deterministic counter machine would bring a contradictory algorithm to decide an undecidable language. Furthermore, we will show that over bounded languages, these two kinds of machines have the same power, and neither non-determinism nor a pushdown stack makes them stronger.
CONSTRAINTS ON THE UNIVERSAL C iv MASS DENSITY AT z ∼ 6 FROM EARLY INFRARED SPECTRA OBTAINED WITH THE MAGELLAN FIRE SPECTROGRAPH

We present a new determination of the intergalactic C iv mass density at 4.3 < z < 6.3. Our constraints are derived from high signal-to-noise spectra of seven quasars at z > 5.8 obtained with the newly commissioned Folded-Port Infrared Echellette (FIRE) spectrograph on the Magellan Baade telescope, coupled with six observations of northern objects taken from the literature. We confirm the presence of a downturn in the C iv abundance at 〈z〉 = 5.66 by a factor of 4.1 relative to its value at 〈z〉 = 4.96, as measured in the same sight lines. In the FIRE sample, a strong system previously reported in the literature as C iv at z = 5.82 is re-identified as Mg ii at z = 2.78, leading to a substantial downward revision in for these prior studies. Additionally, we confirm the presence of at least two systems with low-ionization C ii, Si ii, and O i absorption but relatively weak signal from C iv. The latter systems may be of interest if the downward trend in at high redshift is driven in part by ionization effects.
Phenotypic and genetic divergence in three species of dart-poison frogs with contrasting parental behavior.

Why some species exhibit remarkable variation among populations while closely related species are relatively uniform remains unclear. The strawberry dart-poison frog (Dendrobates pumillo) exhibits spectacular color and pattern polmorphism among populations in the Bocas del Toro archipelago of Panama. In contrast, two other sympatric species of dart-poison frog, Phyllobates lugubris and Minyobates sp. , show little color or pattern variation among island populations. Here we demonstrate that the color and pattern variation among populations of D. pumilio is not matched by higher levels of mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence relative to P. lugubris or Minyobates sp. Thus, neutral divergence in allopatry is unlikely to have caused the geographical differences observed in D. pumilio. We suggest that strong sexual selection associated with female parental care in D. pumilio, which contrasts the male parental care of P. lugubris and Minyobates sp. , may have driven divergence in coloration and pattern in D. pumilio.
A new species of the genus Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) and new records for the species Eutrombicula batatas (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil

The genus Eutrombicula consists of more than 80 known species worldwide. Species of this genus parasitize amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In the present study, we describe Eutrombicula daemoni n. sp. collected on the social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis (Passeriformes) from southeast region of Brazil and partial sequence of the 18S gene was obtained for this mite species. In addition, we provide new locality records and hosts for Eutrombicula batatas (L.) in Brazil.
OTTO - Ontology Translation System

To enable knowledge access across languages, ontologies that are often represented only in English, need to be translated into dierent languages. For this reason, we present OTTO, an OnTology TranslatiOn System, which enhances ontologies with multilingual information. Rather a dierent task than the classic document translation, ontology label translation faces highly specic vocabulary and lack contextual informa- tion. Therefore, OTTO takes advantage of the semantic information of the ontology to improve the translation of labels.
Educating beyond the classroom: alumni giving and the value of campus culture

ABSTRACT This research considers a variety of independent variables to determine the school-based factors that can predict alumni giving. Data for this study are gathered from a top-tier liberal arts college located in the US with an impressive history of alumni giving and a robust endowment fund. The findings indicate that cultural components of the university experience, highlighted by college culture clubs and Greek life, are influential for future alumni giving. Conclusions drawn from this study are useful both for school administrators attempting to increase alumni gifts and for future researchers attempting to understand the after-effect influence of culture.
Genome-Wide Identification of Regulatory Sequences Undergoing Accelerated Evolution in the Human Genome

Accelerated evolution of regulatory sequence can alter the expression pattern of target genes, and cause phenotypic changes. In this study, we used DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) to annotate putative regulatory sequences in the human genome, and conducted a genome-wide analysis of the effects of accelerated evolution on regulatory sequences. Working under the assumption that local ancient repeat elements of DHSs are under neutral evolution, we discovered that ∼0.44% of DHSs are under accelerated evolution (ace-DHSs). We found that ace-DHSs tend to be more active than background DHSs, and are strongly associated with epigenetic marks of active transcription. The target genes of ace-DHSs are significantly enriched in neuron-related functions, and their expression levels are positively selected in the human brain. Thus, these lines of evidences strongly suggest that accelerated evolution on regulatory sequences plays important role in the evolution of human-specific phenotypes.
Child Social Exclusion Risk and Child Health Outcomes in Australia

Introduction This paper studies the relationship between the risk of child social exclusion, as measured by the Child Social Exclusion (CSE) index and its individual domains, and child health outcomes at the small area level in Australia. The CSE index is Australia’s only national small-area index of the risk of child social exclusion. It includes five domains that capture different components of social exclusion: socio-economic background, education, connectedness, housing and health services. Methods The paper used data from the National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling (NATSEM), University of Canberra for the CSE Index and its domains and two key Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) data sources for the health outcome measures: the National Hospital Morbidity Database and the National Mortality Database. Results The results show positive associations between rates of both of the negative health outcomes: potentially preventable hospitalisations (PPH) and avoidable deaths, and the overall risk of child social exclusion as well as with the index domains. This analysis at the small-area level can be used to identify and study areas with unexpectedly good or bad health outcomes relative to their estimated risk of child social exclusion. We show that children’s health outcomes are worse in remote parts of Australia than what would be expected solely based on the CSE index. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that developing composite indices of the risk of child social exclusion can provide valuable guidance for local interventions and programs aimed at improving children’s health outcomes. They also indicate the importance of taking a small-area approach when conducting geographic modelling of disadvantage.
Flight Initiation and Maintenance Deficits in Flies with Genetically Altered Biogenic Amine Levels

Insect flight is one of the fastest, most intense and most energy-demanding motor behaviors. It is modulated on multiple levels by the biogenic amine octopamine. Within the CNS, octopamine acts directly on the flight central pattern generator, and it affects motivational states. In the periphery, octopamine sensitizes sensory receptors, alters muscle contraction kinetics, and enhances flight muscle glycolysis. This study addresses the roles for octopamine and its precursor tyramine in flight behavior by genetic and pharmacological manipulation in Drosophila. Octopamine is not the natural signal for flight initiation because flies lacking octopamine [tyramine-β-hydroxylase (TβH) null mutants] can fly. However, they show profound differences with respect to flight initiation and flight maintenance compared with wild-type controls. The morphology, kinematics, and development of the flight machinery are not impaired in TβH mutants because wing-beat frequencies and amplitudes, flight muscle structure, and overall dendritic structure of flight motoneurons are unaffected in TβH mutants. Accordingly, the flight behavior phenotypes can be rescued acutely in adult flies. Flight deficits are rescued by substituting octopamine but also by blocking the receptors for tyramine, which is enriched in TβH mutants. Conversely, ablating all neurons containing octopamine or tyramine phenocopies TβH mutants. Therefore, both octopamine and tyramine systems are simultaneously involved in regulating flight initiation and maintenance. Different sets of rescue experiments indicate different sites of action for both amines. These findings are consistent with a complex system of multiple amines orchestrating the control of motor behaviors on multiple levels rather than single amines eliciting single behaviors.
Beauty in the eye of the beholder: the two blue opsins of lycaenid butterflies and the opsin gene-driven evolution of sexually dimorphic eyes

SUMMARY Although previous investigations have shown that wing coloration is an important component of social signaling in butterflies, the contribution of opsin evolution to sexual wing color dichromatism and interspecific divergence remains largely unexplored. Here we report that the butterfly Lycaena rubidus has evolved sexually dimorphic eyes due to changes in the regulation of opsin expression patterns to match the contrasting life histories of males and females. The L. rubidus eye contains four visual pigments with peak sensitivities in the ultraviolet (UV;λ max=360 nm), blue (B; λmax=437 nm and 500 nm, respectively) and long (LW; λmax=568 nm) wavelength range. By combining in situ hybridization of cloned opsinencoding cDNAs with epi-microspectrophotometry, we found that all four opsin mRNAs and visual pigments are expressed in the eyes in a sex-specific manner. The male dorsal eye, which contains only UV and B (λmax=437 nm) visual pigments, indeed expresses two short wavelength opsin mRNAs, UVRh and BRh1. The female dorsal eye, which also has the UV and B (λmax=437 nm) visual pigments, also contains the LW visual pigment, and likewise expresses UVRh, BRh1 and LWRh mRNAs. Unexpectedly, in the female dorsal eye, we also found BRh1 co-expressed with LWRh in the R3-8 photoreceptor cells. The ventral eye of both sexes, on the other hand, contains all four visual pigments and expresses all four opsin mRNAs in a non-overlapping fashion. Surprisingly, we found that the 500 nm visual pigment is encoded by a duplicate blue opsin gene, BRh2. Further, using molecular phylogenetic methods we trace this novel blue opsin gene to a duplication event at the base of the Polyommatine+Thecline+Lycaenine radiation. The blue opsin gene duplication may help explain the blueness of blue lycaenid butterflies.
IκB Kinase Signaling Is Essential for Maintenance of Mature B Cells

Nuclear factor (NF)-κB proteins play crucial roles in immune responses and cellular survival. Activation of NF-κB is mediated by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which is composed of two kinases, IKK1 and IKK2, and a regulatory subunit termed NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). IKK2- and NEMO-deficient mice die at early embryonic stages. We therefore used conditional gene targeting to evaluate the role of these proteins in B cells in adult mice. B lineage–specific disruption of either IKK signaling by deletion of NEMO, or of IKK2-specific signals by ablation of IKK2 activity leads to the disappearance of mature B lymphocytes. We conclude that maintenance of mature B cells depends on IKK-mediated activation of NF-κB.
Evolutionary Design and Multi-objective Optimisation

In this paper we explore established methods for o ptimising multi-objective functions whilst addressing the problem of preliminary design. Methods from the literat u e are investigated and new ones introduced. All methods are evaluated within a collaborative project for whole syst em airframe design and the basic problems and difficulties of preliminary design methodology are discussed (Cvetković , Parmee and Webb 1998). Our Genetic Algorithm is expanded to integrate different me thods for optimising multi–objective functions. All presented methods are also analysed in the context of whole s ystem design, discussing their advantages and disadvantag es. The problem of qualitative versus quantitative characteri sation of relative importance of objectives (such as ‘objec tiv A is much more important then objective B’) in multi–objecti ve optimisation framework is also addressed and some relationships with fuzzy preferences (Fodor and Roubens 1994) a nd preference ordering established. Several new predicate s between objectives ( , , etc.) are introduced (Cvetković and Parmee 1998). Some exa mples of application in GA based multi–objective framework are also presented.
A Novel Approach to Shadow Detection in Video-based Virtual Reality Interaction

When detecting moving shadow for video-based virtual reality interaction (VBVRI), we need not concern the original moving object that casts the shadow. It is based on this feature of application that a novel algorithm of moving shadow detection is proposed in this paper, which primarily introduces a two-step shadow discriminator and an improvement upon the classical Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). The new algorithm markedly enhances the real-time performance of shadow detection opposed to that of GMM, and exhibits an outstanding resistance against the disturbance that arises from abrupt lighting changes.
Facilitative and hindering factors regarding the supervisory relationship based on supervisors’ and undergraduate supervisees’ opinions

The purpose of the present study was to examine Turkish counseling supervisors’ and undergraduate supervisees’ opinions about the supervisory relationship. Upon completion of Individual Counseling Practice course, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with four voluntary supervisors (two female and two male) and their four voluntary undergraduate supervisees (four female) in a case study design. Content analysis results revealed three main categories of supervisors’ and supervisees’ opinions on the supervisory relationship: a) facilitative factors, b) hindering factors, and c) effects. The findings were discussed in the light of the relevant literature and recommendations regarding developing strong supervisory relationship with undergraduate supervisees are presented.
Comparing object recognition from binary and bipolar edge images for visual prostheses

Abstract. Visual prostheses require an effective representation method due to the limited display condition which has only 2 or 3 levels of grayscale in low resolution. Edges derived from abrupt luminance changes in images carry essential information for object recognition. Typical binary (black and white) edge images have been used to represent features to convey essential information. However, in scenes with a complex cluttered background, the recognition rate of the binary edge images by human observers is limited and additional information is required. The polarity of edges and cusps (black or white features on a gray background) carries important additional information; the polarity may provide shape from shading information missing in the binary edge image. This depth information may be restored by using bipolar edges. We compared object recognition rates from 16 binary edge images and bipolar edge images by 26 subjects to determine the possible impact of bipolar filtering in visual prostheses with 3 or more levels of grayscale. Recognition rates were higher with bipolar edge images and the improvement was significant in scenes with complex backgrounds. The results also suggest that erroneous shape from shading interpretation of bipolar edges resulting from pigment rather than boundaries of shape may confound the recognition.
Discrete history ant systems

Ant Colony Optimisation (ACO) algorithms are inspired by the foraging behaviour of real ants and are a relatively new class of algorithm which have shown promise when applied to combinatorial optimisation problems. In recent years ACO algorithms have begun to gain popularity and as such are beginning to be applied to more complex problem domains including (but not limited to) dynamic problems. Recent modifications to the fundamental ACO algorithms such as population based approaches are enabling ACO algorithms to be competitive to other known biologically inspired search techniques in addressing these more complex problems. This paper outlines a foundation population based ACO algorithm which is imbued with characteristics that allow for multiple extensions beneficial in addressing more complex problems.
State anxiety and motor performance: Testing the conscious processing hypothesis

Previous research has argued that skills acquired explicitly are more likely to fail under stressful conditions than skills that have been learned implicitly.The present study addressed an alternative explanation for the robustness under stress of implicit task performance. As implicit learners acquired the skill of golf putting while generating random letters, it is possible that they became desensitized to self-generated verbalizations and thus immune to the effects of competitive anxiety. We tested this interpretation while controlling for a further rival hypothesis generated by Eysenck's Processing Efficiency Theory. Wealso examined the effect of increased state anxiety on the kinematic processes underlying performance breakdowns. For task performance, we found evidence that partially supported the conscious processing hypothesis, while the results of the kinematic analysis of the putting stroke were equivocal. Analysis of self-reported effort scores provided partial support for processing efficiency theory.
Flood Risk Pattern Recognition Analysis in Klang River Basin

This study was implemented to identify the specific factors that lead to major contribution of floods in Klang River Basin. A thirty-year (1987-2017) database obtained from Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), the selected data was analyzed by using integrated Chemometric techniques. The finding from Correlation Analysis revealed strong correlation between stream flow and water level is more than 0.5 (= 0.799). The finding from Principal Component Analysis proved that the selected parameters were significant with the result of R2 > 0.7was applied as a main tool for further analysis. Based on the result, it revealed that stream flow and water level were the most significant hydrological factor that influenced flood risk pattern in Klang River basin. Based on the result from Statistical Process control (SPC), the finding showed that the Upper Control Limit (UCL) for water level was 30.290m. The plotted data which is more than 30.290 m can cause flood to occur in Klang River Basin. Thus, it is very important to continuously monitor and maintain the mitigation measure of flood in the study area to avoid flood to occur. This study also helps to provide visualization of flood pattern and show the optimal rates for the maximum limit for flood control in Klang River Basin.
The Effect of Parenting Behavior on the Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom of College Students: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism

We used a random sample survey of 250 college students in Suzhou district in China to explore the relationships among parenting behavior, perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptom, as well as to construct a structural equation model. The results showed that college students’ understanding of parenting behavior is above average, they have strong perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. College students’ obsessive-compulsive symptoms were affected by demographic variables, with gender and grade having significant interaction; parenting behavior causes college students’ obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and perfectionism played a mediating role. Understanding the mechanism of parenting behavior and perfectionism on college students’ obsessive-compulsive symptoms can provide references to the mental health counseling for college students.
Multi-dimensional selectivity estimation using compressed histogram information

The database query optimizer requires the estimation of the query selectivity to find the most efficient access plan. For queries referencing multiple attributes from the same relation, we need a multi-dimensional selectivity estimation technique when the attributes are dependent each other because the selectivity is determined by the joint data distribution of the attributes. Additionally, for multimedia databases, there are intrinsic requirements for the multi-dimensional selectivity estimation because feature vectors are stored in multi-dimensional indexing trees. In the 1-dimensional case, a histogram is practically the most preferable. In the multi-dimensional case, however, a histogram is not adequate because of high storage overhead and high error rates. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the multi-dimensional selectivity estimation. Compressed information from a large number of small-sized histogram buckets is maintained using the discrete cosine transform. This enables low error rates and low storage overheads even in high dimensions. In addition, this approach has the advantage of supporting dynamic data updates by eliminating the overhead for periodical reconstructions of the compressed information. Extensive experimental results show advantages of the proposed approach.
Façade structure reconstruction using spaceborne TomoSAR point clouds

Very high resolution SAR tomography using multiple data stacks from different viewing angles enables us for the first time to generate 4D point clouds of the illuminated area from space with a point density comparable to LiDAR. They can be potentially used for façade reconstruction and monitoring in urban environment. In this paper, we propose an approach for façade detection and reconstruction from such point clouds. Firstly, the façade region is extracted by thresholding the point density on the ground plane. The extracted façades points are then clustered into segments corresponding to individual façades by means of slope analysis. Surface (flat or curved) model parameters of the segmented building façades are further estimated. Finally, the elevation estimates of each raw TomoSAR point is refined by using its more accurate azimuth and range coordinates, and the corresponding reconstructed surface model of the façade. The proposed approach is illustrated and validated by examples using TomoSAR point clouds generated from a stack of 25 TerraSAR-X high spotlight images.