Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Describing the Indescribable: Interpretation, Discourse, and Social Learning within an Online Drug Community

The development of online drug communities is heavily intertwined with new subcultural trends and patterns in global drug use including the recent increase in use of novel hallucinogens. Analyzing these emergent forms of subculture provides important insights into the growing connection between computer-mediated communication and drug use in contemporary society. Drawing on a framework which integrates social learning theory and social constructionism, I analyze interpretations and discourse within the online drug community DMT-Nexus. I develop a methodology for analyzing online communities utilizing interpretive and conversational qualitative analysis techniques to generate a typology of subcultural knowledge and meanings and develop a conception of the social construction process in online communities. The findings of this study show how online contexts affect the social learning process that enables drug use and illustrate the mechanisms through which users gain relevant knowledge and meanings as well as status and credibility. Based on these findings, I pose an update to Becker‘s (1963) social learning model of drug use which reflects the implications of online contexts. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate how group knowledge and shared meanings are socially constructed within online communities through conversation as a reflexive process. For instance, drug users may advocate certain techniques or methods for using and experiencing drugs which others can corroborate through their responses or they may pose interpretations of drug-induced experiences which can be validated or rejected by others. Finally, through focusing on computer mediated communication, this study reveals the importance of not only learning and the development of subcultural knowledge but also linguistic descriptions and modes of communication in the Web-based social processes that enable drug use.
Modulation of folding energy landscape by charge–charge interactions: Linking experiments with computational modeling

Significance Quantitative understanding of how individual interactions contribute to the kinetics and thermodynamics of protein folding is critical for deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms that define the energy folding landscape. We applied a structure-based model that explicitly accounts for the interactions between charges, to folding–unfolding of four different protein pairs: rationally stabilized, via optimization of surface charge–charge interactions, variants, and respective wild types. First, we established that the models predict both thermodynamic and kinetic differences observed experimentally for all four studied protein pairs. Second, we used the results of the computational modeling to provide a molecular level explanation of how optimization of charge–charge interactions leads to an increase in the folding rates of designed variants, without changes in the unfolding rates. The kinetics of folding–unfolding of a structurally diverse set of four proteins optimized for thermodynamic stability by rational redesign of surface charge–charge interactions is characterized experimentally. The folding rates are faster for designed variants compared with their wild-type proteins, whereas the unfolding rates are largely unaffected. A simple structure-based computational model, which incorporates the Debye–Hückel formalism for the electrostatics, was used and found to qualitatively recapitulate the experimental results. Analysis of the energy landscapes of the designed versus wild-type proteins indicates the differences in refolding rates may be correlated with the degree of frustration of their respective energy landscapes. Our simulations indicate that naturally occurring wild-type proteins have frustrated folding landscapes due to the surface electrostatics. Optimization of the surface electrostatics seems to remove some of that frustration, leading to enhanced formation of native-like contacts in the transition-state ensembles (TSE) and providing a less frustrated energy landscape between the unfolded and TS ensembles. Macroscopically, this results in faster folding rates. Furthermore, analyses of pairwise distances and radii of gyration suggest that the less frustrated energy landscapes for optimized variants are a result of more compact unfolded and TS ensembles. These findings from our modeling demonstrates that this simple model may be used to: (i) gain a detailed understanding of charge–charge interactions and their effects on modulating the energy landscape of protein folding and (ii) qualitatively predict the kinetic behavior of protein surface electrostatic interactions.
Impedance Linearity of Contactless Magnetic-Type Position Sensor

In order to design a contactless position sensor using coil impedance, the sensitivity and the linearity of impedance against the displacement are required. Therefore, it is very important to clarify the factors which affect the performance of position sensor. In this paper, the effects of winding density in coil on the impedance linearity are clarified by using the experimental design method.
Treatment outcomes for tinea capitis in a skin of color population.

BACKGROUND Tinea capitis periodically undergoes demographic shifts in causative dermatophyte and therapeutic response to oral anti-fungal therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine prevalent fungal species and response to standard antifungal therapy in inner-city children of color. METHODS An IRB-approved chart review of demographic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic data was conducted for children and young adults (0 to 18 years of age) who had scalp fungal culture performed for scalp hyperkeratosis and/or alopecia over a 2.5 year time-period. Supplemental parental phone interview was performed for missing data points. RESULTS A total of 84 patients with final diagnosis of tinea capitis were identified-52% male, 60.6% African-American, 28.2% Hispanic, and 9.9% Caucasian. Complete resolution at 4 weeks was uncommon in all demographic groups (Hispanic: 11.7%, African-American: 41.3%). The Hispanic group and the youngest patients (aged less than 4 years) were less likely to respond to initial therapy, but the results were not significant. Of the 80 tinea capitis patients initially treated with griseofulvin, 41 out of 54 children (76%) had complete response to micronized suspension +/- crushed tablet (33% required shift to tablets from suspension) and 20 out of 26 (76.9%) cleared on crushed tablets alone. Of the 19 griseofulvin failures, 5 cleared on fluconazole suspension, 7 on terbinafine sprinkles, 3 on itraconazole therapy, and 4 were lost to follow-up. Of the 47 patients who could be evaluated long-term after a single course of oral griseofulvin at 6 weeks or greater, 38 had documented long-term mycological cure (80.8%) and 42 had long-term clinical cure (89%). Trichophyton tonsurans (n=40) was the most prevalent causative species identified on culture, followed by Alternaria species (n=10) and Microsporum canis (n=1). LIMITATIONS Retrospective chart review: patient population has a high rate of usage of over-the-counter antifungal creams and shampoos, affecting culture results. CONCLUSIONS Tinea capitis is still the most common cause of Trichophyton tonsurans in New York City. Response rates to griseofulvin are similar to rates seen in the 1970s, but require higher dosing and conversion to crushed tablets in partial responders. Usage of crushed ultramicronized griseofulvin, terbinafine sprinkles, itraconazole, and fluconazole are alternative regimens for those children whose tinea capitis does not clear on griseofulvin suspension.
Analysis of Hox gene expression during early avian heart development

The anteroposterior (A‐P) patterning of the developing heart underlies atrial and ventricular lineage specification and heart chamber morphogenesis. The posteriorization of cardiomyogenic phenotype with retinoic acid (RA) treatment of primitive streak stage chicken embryos is suggestive of a role for the clustered homeobox (Hox) genes in early heart patterning (Yutzey et al. [1994] Development 120:871–873; [1995] Dev. Biol. 170:531–541). A screen for Hox genes expressed in chick heart primordia and primitive heart led to the isolation of anterior genes of the Hox clusters expressed during cardiogenesis. Specific hoxd‐3, hoxa‐4, and hoxd‐4 transcripts were detected at the early stages of heart formation and full‐length cDNA clones were isolated. Expression of hoxd‐3 was detected in the heart forming region of embryos prior to heart tube formation. Expression of hoxa‐4, hoxd‐3, and hoxb‐5 was increased in cardiogenic tissue treated with RA in culture conditions that also produced changes in positionally restricted cardiomyogenic phenotypes. Hox genes expressed in cardiac explants exhibited distinct sensitivities to RA and ouabain treatment when compared to genes, such as nkx‐2.5, that are involved in cardiac commitment and differentiation. These studies support a role for Hox genes in early heart patterning and suggest that positional information in the cardiogenic region is established by regulatory mechanisms distinct from early heart lineage specification. Dev. Dyn. 1998;213:82–91. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of different permanent magnet structures on the air gap magnetic field of linear motors

When the Halbach array is applied to linear motors, the amplitude of the fundamental wave of the air gap flux density can be increased, and the air gap flux density distributes sinusoidally. In this paper, by FEM, the effect of Halbach array is contrasted with the effect of tradition permanent magnet structures on the sinusoidal distribution and the fundamental amplitude of the air gap flux density, and the effect on the air gap flux density is also analyzed while the thickness and the width of permanent magnets is changed .
Testing causality among five fertilizer prices

ABSTRACT This article identifies the causal relationships among the prices of five fertilizers using both asymptotic Wald test and resampling (bootstrap) techniques. Monthly data for urea, muriate of potash, rock phosphate, diammonium phosphate and triple super phosphate between 2008 (March) and 2016 (March) are used for the analysis. Results show that the urea price Granger causes all other fertilizer prices. The results of the study are significant in understanding the price dynamics and identify the reference fertilizer price that is useful for the fertilizer industry, farmers and government.
Reduced Uteroplacental Perfusion Alters Uterine Arcuate Artery Function in the Pregnant Sprague-Dawley Rat1

Abstract Evidence continues to implicate reduced placental perfusion as the cause of preeclampsia, initiating a sequence of events leading to altered vascular function and hypertension. The present study was designed to determine the influence of reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure (RUPP) on the responsiveness of uterine arcuate resistance arteries. A condition of RUPP was surgically induced in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on Gestational Day 14. On Gestational Day 20, uterine arcuate arteries were mounted on a small-vessel wire myograph and challenged with incremental concentrations of vasoconstrictors and vasorelaxants for measurement of isometric tension. Compared to the sham-operated controls, uterine arteries from the RUPP group demonstrated an increased maximal tension in response to phenylephrine (P < 0.01); potassium chloride at 30 mM (P < 0.05), 60 mM (P < 0.01), and 120 mM (P < 0.01); and angiotensin II (P < 0.05). In arteries from the RUPP and sham-operated control groups, endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to acetylcholine (P < 0.05) and calcium ionophore (A23187; P < 0.05) was significantly reduced in the RUPP group compared to the sham-operated controls. Fetal growth indices, including litter size, fetal weight, and placental weight, were significantly reduced in the RUPP group compared to sham-operated controls, which is consistent with significant growth restriction. Data suggest that RUPP promotes hyperresponsiveness and impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in uterine arcuate arteries, leading to intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
The use of opioids and laxatives, and incidence of constipation, in patients requiring neck‐of‐femur (NOF) surgery: a pilot study

Background and objective: Constipation is one of the most frequent adverse drug reactions occurring in hospital inpatients. There is no evidence base for the use of laxatives in orthopaedic patients on opioids. The aim of the study was to determine the current nature of opioid and laxative prescribing, and the incidence of constipation in patients who require emergency neck‐of‐femur (NOF) surgery.
Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiogenic Shock

Despite a high rate of early revascularization and use of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation therapy, the prognosis of patients with cardiogenic shock has remained poor. In the hopes of improving outcomes, clinicians are increasingly turning to percutaneous left and right mechanical circulatory support devices. Until recently, the evidence base for these devices had consisted only of observational data, meta-analyses, and small feasibility trials. In this article, we describe the contemporary outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock, the hemodynamics of cardiogenic shock, and hemodynamic effects of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices. We then use this discussion to provide clinicians with a useful framework for understanding when selecting between or while managing patients with a percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices. We critically review the recently published data for and against the use of commercially available devices—the intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation, the Impella system, the TandemHeart, and venous–arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—and highlight gaps in our understanding. Given such gaps, a consensus multidisciplinary approach that combines expertise from interventional cardiologists, heart failure specialists, cardiac surgeons, and cardiac anesthesiologists may help pair the right patient with the right device at the right time.
Association of Epicardial Adipose Tissue With Cardiometabolic Risk and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased coronary atherosclerosis possibly related to increased prevalence of visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), a type of visceral fat, may contribute to cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to measure EAT volume in patients with RA and determine its relationship with cardiometabolic risk markers and coronary artery calcium.
PEMANFAATAN TEORI RESOURCE-BASED VIEW PADA RITEL MINIMARKET : IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP STRATEGI DAN KEUNGGULAN BERSAING

ABSTRACT This research aims to examine the utilization of Resource-Based View (RBV) theory which consists of human capital, structural capital and relational capital toward strategy and competitive advantage. Data collection was conducted at 42 minimarkets located in Madiun City, East Java. The data were analyzed using measurement model of structural equation modeling supported by Smart PLS 3.0 software. The results of the research find out that human capital has significant and positive influences towards strategy and competitive advantage. In addition, relational capital also has significant and positive influences towards strategy and competitive advantage. Whereas, structural capital only has significant and positive influences toward competitive advantage but it has no influence toward strategy.
Embedded system based driver drowsiness detection system

This paper presents a System-on-Chip (SoC) visual-based driver drowsiness detection system. The system is able to promptly detect the onset of driver drowsiness by monitoring in real-time the accumulated driver's PERCLOS, i.e. proportion of time driver's eyes are closed in a 1-minute interval through non-intrusive camera(s). FPGA hardware is used as its processing platform along with Viola-Jones object detection algorithm. Viola-Jones algorithm uses Haar-like features along with AdaBoost algorithm to achieve good detection performance.
Application of a Repetitive Controller for a Three-Phase Active Power Filter

This paper presents the detailed design, analysis, and application of the controller for a shunt active power filter based on a pulsewidth modulation dc-to-ac voltage source converter. The controller is mainly tailored to compensate harmonic currents of nonlinear loads connected to the mains. However, it can also achieve reactive-power compensation and mains-current balancing when required. The controller has a two-layer structure. The outer layer generates the current references for the inner layer. The former uses a plug-in discrete-time repetitive algorithm for current-harmonic compensation, a proportional-integral algorithm to maintain the dc-capacitor voltage in spite of unmodeled losses and a reactive-power-reference generator. The inner layer uses state-feedback with integral action for current control. The repetitive controller is justified to improve the tracking of the periodic current references required by the active filters. The stability of the resulting closed-loop system is studied and some indication of the system robustness is given. The proposed controller has been tested in a prototype with balanced and unbalanced nonlinear loads. A discrete-time model of the filter has been used from the beginning. The microcomputer delay when calculating the controller output and the delay due to the anti-aliasing filters have been included in the inner system state-variable model
The role of hyperhomocysteinemia and B-vitamin deficiency in neurological and psychiatric diseases

Abstract Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is related to central nervous system diseases. Epidemiological studies show a positive, dose-dependent relationship between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration and neurodegenerative disease risk. tHcy is a marker of B-vitamin (folate, B12, B6) status. Hypomethylation, caused by low B-vitamin status and HHcy, is linked to key pathomechanisms of dementia; B-vitamin supplementation could potentially reduce neurological damage. In retrospective studies, the association between tHcy and cognition is impressive; there is also evidence that tHcy-lowering treatment could be effective in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Increased tHcy and low serum folate occur in patients with Parkinson's disease, especially those receiving L-dopa. There is also an association between HHcy and multiple sclerosis, and between B-vitamin status and depression. Studies also confirm a causal role for tHcy in epilepsy, and certain anti-epileptics enhance HHcy. B-vitamin status should be optimized by ensuring sufficient intake in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. HHcy occurs commonly in the elderly and can contribute to age-related neurodegeneration. Treatment with folic acid, B12 and B6 lowers tHcy. For secondary and primary prevention from several neuropsychiatric disorders, it seems prudent to actively identify deficient subjects and ensure sufficient vitamin intake. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:1590–606.
Identification of the region of a 14-kilodalton protein of Rhodococcus ruber that is responsible for the binding of this phasin to polyhydroxyalkanoic acid granules

The function of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) granule-associated GA14 protein of Rhodococcus ruber was investigated in Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, which coexpressed this protein with the polyhydroxybutyric acid (PHB) biosynthesis operon of Alcaligenes eutrophus. The GA14 protein had no influence on the biosynthesis rate of PHB in E. coli XL1-Blue(pSKCO7), but this recombinant E. coli strain formed smaller PHB granules than were formed by an E. coli strain that expressed only the PHB operon. Immunoelectron microscopy with GA14-specific antibodies demonstrated the binding of GA14 protein to these mini granules. In a previous study, two hydrophobic domains close to the C terminus of the GA14 protein were analyzed, and a working hypothesis that suggested an anchoring of the GA14 protein in the phospholipid monolayer surrounding the PHA granule core by these hydrophobic domains was developed (U. Pieper-Fürst, M. H. Madkour, F. Mayer, and A. Steinbüchel, J. Bacteriol. 176:4328-4337, 1994). This hypothesis was confirmed by the construction of C-terminally truncated variants of the GA14 protein lacking the second or both hydrophobic domains and by the demonstration of their inability to bind to PHB granules. Further confirmation of the hypothesis was obtained by the construction of a fusion protein composed of the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase II of A. eutrophus and the C terminus of the GA14 protein containing both hydrophobic domains and by its affinity to native and artificial PHB granules.
Characterization and Primary Functional Analysis of a Bamboo ZEP Gene from Phyllostachys edulis.

Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) plays important roles in plant response to various environmental stresses by involving in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and xanthophyll cycle. A full-length cDNA of PeZEP was isolated from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), which comprised of a 138-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 381-bp 3'-UTR, and a 2013-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 670 amino acids. PeZEP was mainly expressed in leaf blades and leaf sheaths, and less in roots and culms. The transcript level of PeZEP in bamboo leaf was elevated with the increasing light intensity. PeZEP was significantly upregulated in response to high light (HL: 1200 μmol·m-2·s-1) and reached to a higher level after 1 h treatment, and kept higher levels in the following hours. Besides, PeZEP was upregulated under high temperature (42°C), and downregulated under low temperature (4°C) and exogenous ABA treatment. The expression vector of PeZEP driven by CaMV 35S was constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The transgenic plants overexpressing PeZEP were generated and subjected to drought stress for morphological and physiological assays. Compared with Col-0, the transgenic plants demonstrated enhanced tolerance to drought stress, which appeared later wilting and higher survival rate. Moreover, higher value of Fv/Fm, higher activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and lower concentration of malondialdehyde were also observed in transgenic plants. Transcript levels of AtP5CS and AtRD29b related to drought stress were enhanced in transgenic plants. These results indicated that PeZEP might play an important function in response to drought stress in bamboo.
Parahydrogen Induced Polarization of 1-13C-Phospholactate-d2 for Biomedical Imaging with >30,000,000-fold NMR Signal Enhancement in Water

The synthetic protocol for preparation of 1-13C-phosphoenolpyruvate-d2, precursor for parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) of 1-13C-phospholactate-d2, is reported. 13C nuclear spin polarization of 1-13C-phospholactate-d2 was increased by >30,000,000-fold (5.75 mT) in water. The reported 13C polarization level approaching unity (>15.6%), long lifetime of 13C hyperpolarized 1-13C-phospholactate-d2 (58 ± 4 s versus 36 ± 2 s for nondeuterated form at 47.5 mT), and large production quantities (52 μmoles in 3 mL) in aqueous medium make this compound useful as a potential contrast agent for the molecular imaging of metabolism and other applications.