Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inscuteable and NuMA proteins bind competitively to Leu-Gly-Asn repeat-enriched protein (LGN) during asymmetric cell divisions

Coupling of spindle orientation to cellular polarity is a prerequisite for epithelial asymmetric cell divisions. The current view posits that the adaptor Inscuteable (Insc) bridges between Par3 and the spindle tethering machinery assembled on NuMA∶LGN∶GαiGDP, thus triggering apico-basal spindle orientation. The crystal structure of the Drosophila ortholog of LGN (known as Pins) in complex with Insc reveals a modular interface contributed by evolutionary conserved residues. The structure also identifies a positively charged patch of LGN binding to an invariant EPE-motif present on both Insc and NuMA. In vitro competition assays indicate that Insc competes with NuMA for LGN binding, displaying a higher affinity, and that it is capable of opening the LGN conformational switch. The finding that Insc and NuMA are mutually exclusive interactors of LGN challenges the established model of force generators assembly, which we revise on the basis of the newly discovered biochemical properties of the intervening components.
Heterogeneous reactions to Digital Opportunities: a Field Study to Test our Assumptions

Africa needs access to the powerful information and communication tools of the internet in order to obtain the resources and efficiency essential for its sustainable development. Unfortunately, in 2014, the data from internetlivestats.com showed only 9.8% of African populations have access to the internet. This relative low internet penetration rate signals a problem that may threaten the economic development, governmental efficiency, and ultimately the global competitiveness of African countries. Tremendous efforts have been made to provide internet access and p olicy makers often assumes that the advantaged and disadvantaged people will respond to the same technology in similar ways. The purpose of this paper is to understand differences between socio-economically advantaged and disadvantaged internet users. Data were collected through a survey from internet users in Ivory Coast. To address digital inequality effectively and economically, as Hsieh et al. (2008), we recommend a group alignment strategy to substitute the typical generic policy that does not distinguish ICT users and treat them as the same and offers a single invariant solution to all populations. The theoretical and practical implications are also described.
In vitro anticariogenic effects of aerial parts of Potentilla recta and its phytochemical profile

This study, for the first time, investigated the in vitro inhibitory effects of Potentilla recta extracts and subfractions obtained with solvents of different polarity (aqueous, 50% ethanol, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and n‐butanol) against cariogenic Streptococcus spp. strains. It was found that the tested samples inhibited the growth of oral streptococci. Furthermore, all five P. recta preparations exhibited an inhibitory effect on water‐insoluble α‐(1→3)‐,α‐(1→6)‐linked glucan (mutan) and artificial dental plaque formation. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antibiofilm activities especially against S. sobrinus GCM 20381, with minimum mutan and biofilm inhibition concentrations of 6.25 and 25 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical profile of active constituents in the investigated samples was analysed. The high polyphenolics (total phenol, phenolic acids, tannins, proantocyanidins, flavonoids) content were found. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest concentration of total polyphenol content which may correlate with the high cariogenic activity of this subfraction. The results demonstrate that P. recta extracts and subfractions could become useful supplements for pharmaceutical products as new anticariogenic agents in a wide range of oral care products. Further studies are necessary to clarify the precise bioactive constituents of P. recta responsible for the anticariogenic properties. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation Clustering and Biclustering With Locally Bounded Errors

We consider a generalized version of the correlation clustering problem, defined as follows. Given a complete graph <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> whose edges are labeled with + or −, we wish to partition the graph into clusters while trying to avoid errors: + edges between clusters or − edges within clusters. Classically, one seeks to minimize the total number of such errors. We introduce a new framework that allows the objective to be a more general function of the number of errors at each vertex (for example, we may wish to minimize the number of errors at the <italic>worst</italic> vertex) and provides a rounding algorithm which converts “fractional clusterings” into discrete clusterings while causing only a constant-factor blowup in the number of errors at each vertex. This rounding algorithm yields constant-factor approximation algorithms for the discrete problem under a wide variety of objective functions.
Functional interplay between NMDA receptors, SK channels and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels regulates synaptic excitability in the medial prefrontal cortex

Synaptic activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is fundamental for higher cognitive functions such as working memory. The present study shows that small conductance (SK) calcium‐activated potassium channels attenuate excitatory synaptic transmission at layer 2/3 and layer 5 inputs to layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC. SK channels are located postsynaptically at synapses where they are activated during synaptic transmission by calcium influx through NMDA receptors, L‐type calcium channels, R‐type calcium channels and by calcium release from IP3‐sensitive stores. Removal of the SK channel‐mediated shunt of synaptic transmission reveals significant NMDA receptor‐mediated activation during basal synaptic transmission, which is greater at layer 5 inputs (approximately 30%) than at layer 2/3 inputs (approximately 20%). These findings show that interactions between NMDA receptors, SK channels and voltage‐gated calcium channels play a critical role in regulating excitatory synaptic transmission in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mPFC.
Reduced risk trajectory planning in image-guided keyhole neurosurgery.

PURPOSE The authors present and evaluate a new preoperative planning method and computer software designed to reduce the risk of candidate trajectories for straight rigid tool insertion in image-guided keyhole neurosurgery. METHODS Trajectories are computed based on the surgeon-defined target and a candidate entry point area on the outer head surface on preoperative CT/MRI scans. A multiparameter risk card provides an estimate of the risk of each trajectory according to its proximity to critical brain structures. Candidate entry points in the outer head surface areas are then color-coded and displayed in 3D to facilitate selection of the most adequate point. The surgeon then defines and/or revised the insertion trajectory using an interactive 3D visualization of surrounding structures. A safety zone around the selected trajectory is also computed to visualize the expected worst-case deviation from the planned insertion trajectory based on tool placement errors in previous surgeries. RESULTS A retrospective comparative study for ten selected targets on MRI head scans for eight patients showed a significant reduction in insertion trajectory risk. Using the authors' method, trajectories longer than 30 mm were an average of 2.6 mm further from blood vessels compared to the conventional manual method. Average planning times were 8.4 and 5.9 min for the conventional technique and the authors' method, respectively. Neurosurgeons reported improved understanding of possible risks and spatial relations for the trajectory and patient anatomy. CONCLUSIONS The suggested method may result in safer trajectories, shorter preoperative planning time, and improved understanding of risks and possible complications in keyhole neurosurgery.
A Study of New Algorithm for Detecting Optimal Composition of Protein Discontinuous Fragments Alignment

This study proposed a new algorithm, which targets the local structure of the functional protein and transforms it into 3D coordinates. It then performs the calculation and assessment of the protein structural fragment to identify the similarities in the local structure of the proteins and to estimate if these two proteins have the same functionality. During the process of calculation, a structure alignment was first used to perform rotation, panning, and super positioning of the two protein fragment groups, and calculate each coordinate in order to complete the graph. A minimum-spanning-tree algorithm was then used to determine whether the coordinates are suitable, and the unsuitable coordinates are deleted. At the end, the pair with the most similar structures in the fragment group was exported. The results of this study showed that the average accuracy of our testing data can be as high as 94.3%, and can be presented using a fully automated process. Users can easily identify similar fragments in local structures. In the future, we hope to conduct further studies on applications including identifying new effects or side effects of existing drugs.
Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) regulates multipotent neural progenitor proliferation

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) was previously identified in a screen for genes enriched in neural progenitors. Here, we demonstrate expression of MELK by progenitors in developing and adult brain and that MELK serves as a marker for self-renewing multipotent neural progenitors (MNPs) in cultures derived from the developing forebrain and in transgenic mice. Overexpression of MELK enhances (whereas knockdown diminishes) the ability to generate neurospheres from MNPs, indicating a function in self-renewal. MELK down-regulation disrupts the production of neurogenic MNP from glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)–positive progenitors in vitro. MELK expression in MNP is cell cycle regulated and inhibition of MELK expression down-regulates the expression of B-myb, which is shown to also mediate MNP proliferation. These findings indicate that MELK is necessary for proliferation of embryonic and postnatal MNP and suggest that it regulates the transition from GFAP-expressing progenitors to rapid amplifying progenitors in the postnatal brain.
Reply to commentaries on "The uncanny advantage of using androids in social and cognitive science research"

Androids have the potential to reinvigorate the social and cognitive sciences — both by serving as an experimental apparatus for evaluating hypotheses about human interaction and as a testing ground for cognitive models. Unlike other robotics techniques, androids can illuminate how interaction draws on human appearance and behavior. When cognitive models are implemented in androids, feelings associated with the uncanny valley provide heightened feedback for diagnosing flaws in the models during human–android interaction. This enables a detailed examination of real-time factors in human social interaction. Not only can android science inform us about human beings, but it can also contribute to a methodology for creating interactive robots and a set of principles for their design. By doing this, android science can help us devise a new kind of interface. Since our expressive bodies and perceptual and motor systems have co-evolved to work together, it seems natural for robot engineers to exploit this by building androids, rather than hoping for people to gradually adapt themselves to mechanical-looking robots. In the longer term, androids may prove to be a useful tool for understanding social learning, interpersonal relationships, and how human brains and bodies turn themselves into persons (MacDorman & Cowley, 2006). Of course, there are many ways to investigate human perception and interaction and to explore the potential for interactive robotics. Android science is only one of them. Although the uncanny valley plays a special role in android science, the nature of the phenomenon should rightly be investigated by other approaches too.
Handbook of Forensic Assessment: Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives

In this article, the Structured Assessment of PROtective Factors for violence risk (SAPROF), a structured professional guideline for protective factors. Download forensic psychology or read online here in PDF or EPUB. sections, the Handbook of Forensic Psychology covers basic issues, assessment, explore stalking from social, psychiatric, psychological and behavioral perspectives. The Psychiatric Witness in Court: What Mental Health Professionals Need to Know. In Handbuch Psychoanalytische Entwicklungwissenschaft (Handbook of Assessment: The Initial Clinical Interviews: The Ralph R. Greenson Training In The Psychology of Stalking: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives, J. R. Meloy, ed. Handbook of forensic assessment: Psychological and psychiatric perspectives. Serial murder: Multi-disciplinary perspectives for investigators (Behavioral. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Suicide Assessment and Management Handbook of Forensic Assessment: Psychological and Psychiatric. BurnAware Premium 8.3 Multilingual · Handbook of Forensic Assessment: Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives · Guess This House S01E15 PDTV x264. We offer AMC Handbook of Clinical Assessment share files for fee,you can download of Forensic Assessment: Psychological and Psychiatric Perspectives". While psychological knowledge is often applied to the assessment and treatment of and the media, as well as in forensic investigation and other aspects of law. Four major theoretical perspectives are psychodynamic, cognitive behavioral, a handbook first published by the American Psychiatric Association in 1952.
Saturation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Machinery Reveals Anterograde Bulk Flow

We have studied the possible mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export and retention by using natural residents of the plant ER. Under normal physiological conditions, calreticulin and the lumenal binding protein (BiP) are efficiently retained in the ER. When the ER retention signal is removed, truncated calreticulin is much more rapidly secreted than truncated BiP. Calreticulin carries two glycans of the typical ER high-mannose form. Both glycans are competent for Golgi-based modifications, as determined from treatment with brefeldin A or based on the deletion of the ER retention motif. In contrast to BiP, calreticulin accumulation is strongly dependent on its retention signal, thereby allowing us to test whether saturation of the retention mechanism is possible. Overexpression of calreticulin led to 100-fold higher levels in dilated globular ER cisternae as well as dilated nuclear envelopes and partial secretion of both BiP and calreticulin. This result shows that both molecules are competent for ER export and supports the concept that proteins are secreted by default. This result also supports previous data suggesting that truncated BiP devoid of its retention motif can be retained in the ER by association with calreticulin. Moreover, even under these saturating conditions, cellular calreticulin did not carry significant amounts of complex glycans, in contrast to secreted calreticulin. This result shows that calreticulin is rapidly secreted once complex glycans have been synthesized in the medial/ trans Golgi apparatus and that the modified protein does not appear to recycle back to the ER.
Ethyl 2-[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-3,4-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate

The title compound, C16H19N3O4S, is almost planar, with a dihedral angle of 2.88 (9)° between the mean planes of the benzene and thiazole rings. The molecule adopts an E conformation about the two C=N bonds, with a C—N—N—C torsion angle of −177.01 (11)°. An intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond exists between a thiazole methyl group and the formic acid ethyl ester carbonyl O atom. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [2-10]. The chains are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R 2 2(12) ring motifs, forming sheets lying parallel to (12-2). The sheets are further linked through out-of-plane C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds with R 2 2(12) ring motifs and C—H⋯π interactions, forming an interesting three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
Advanced Channel Coding for Space Mission Telecommand Links

We investigate and compare different options for updating the error correcting code currently used in space mission telecommand links. Taking as a reference the solutions recently emerged as the most promising ones, based on Low-Density Parity-Check codes, we explore the behavior of alternative schemes, based on parallel concatenated turbo codes and soft-decision decoded BCH codes. Our analysis shows that these further options can offer similar or even better performance.
Reader emotion classification of news headlines

Emotion classification of text is very important in applications like emotional text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, human computer interaction, etc. Past studies on emotion classification focus on the writer's emotional state conveyed through the text. This research addresses the reader's emotions provoked by the text. The classification of documents into reader emotion categories has novel applications. One of them is to integrate reader emotion classification into a web search engine to allow users to retrieve documents that contain relevant contents and at the same time produce proper emotions. Another is for websites to organize contents according to reader emotion categories and provide users a convenient browse. In this paper, we explore sentence level emotion classification. Firstly, we extract news headlines and related reader emotion information from the web. Then we classify news headlines into reader emotion categories using support vector machine (SVM), and examine classification performance under different feature settings. Experiments show that certain feature combinations achieve good results.
Automatic Identification of Suicide Notes from Linguistic and Sentiment Features

Psychological studies have shown that our state of mind can manifest itself in the linguistic features we use to communicate. Recent statistics in suicide prevention show that young people are increasingly posting their last words online. In this paper, we investigate whether it is possible to automatically identify suicide notes and discern them from other types of online discourse based on analysis of sen-timents and linguistic features. Using supervised learning, we show that our model achieves an accuracy of 86.6%, outper-forming previous work on a similar task by over 4%.
Advances in imaging ultrastructure yield new insights into presynaptic biology

Synapses are the fundamental functional units of neural circuits, and their dysregulation has been implicated in diverse neurological disorders. At presynaptic terminals, neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles are released in response to calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels activated by the arrival of an action potential. Decades of electrophysiological, biochemical, and genetic studies have contributed to a growing understanding of presynaptic biology. Imaging studies are yielding new insights into how synapses are organized to carry out their critical functions. The development of techniques for rapid immobilization and preservation of neuronal tissues for electron microscopy (EM) has led to a new renaissance in ultrastructural imaging that is rapidly advancing our understanding of synapse structure and function.
The Problem of Packets Loss in Scaled Digital Port-Hamiltonian Based Bilateral Telemanipulation

The goal of this paper is to embed power scaling into port-Hamiltonian based telemanipulation schemes over packet switched networks. We propose a discrete scattering based communication strategy and a way to handle lost packets that allow power scaling while preserving a stable behavior of the system independently of any communication delay and of any possible loss of packets
Locally linear embedding-based prediction for 3D holoscopic image coding using HEVC

Holoscopic imaging is a prospective acquisition and display solution for providing true 3D content and fatigue-free 3D visualization. However, efficient coding schemes for this particular type of content are needed to enable proper storage and delivery of the large amount of data involved in these systems. Therefore, this paper proposes an alternative HEVC-based coding scheme for efficient representation of holoscopic images. In this scheme, some directional intra prediction modes of the HEVC are replaced by a more efficient prediction framework based on locally linear embedding techniques. Experimental results show the advantage of the proposed prediction for 3D holoscopic image coding, compared to the reference HEVC standard as well as previously presented approaches in this field.
Inositol Hexakisphosphate Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis on RAW 264.7 Cells and Human Primary Osteoclasts

Background Inoxitol hexakisphosphate (IP6) has been found to have an important role in biomineralization and a direct effect inhibiting mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro without impairing extracellular matrix production and expression of alkaline phosphatase. IP6 has been proposed to exhibit similar effects to those of bisphosphonates on bone resorption, however, its direct effect on osteoclasts (OCL) is presently unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of IP6 on the RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cell line and on human primary osteoclasts. On one hand, we show that IP6 decreases the osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells induced by RANKL, without affecting cell proliferation or cell viability. The number of TRAP positive cells and mRNA levels of osteoclast markers such as TRAP, calcitonin receptor, cathepsin K and MMP-9 was decreased by IP6 on RANKL-treated cells. On the contrary, when giving IP6 to mature osteoclasts after RANKL treatment, a significant increase of bone resorption activity and TRAP mRNA levels was found. On the other hand, we show that 1 µM of IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) and their resorption activity both, when given to undifferentiated and to mature osteoclasts. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate that IP6 inhibits osteoclastogenesis on human PBMNC and on the RAW264.7 cell line. Thus, IP6 may represent a novel type of selective inhibitor of osteoclasts and prove useful for the treatment of osteoporosis.