Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Individual Distributed Genetic Algorithm

This paper describes a new model of distributed genetic algorithm, ”Dual Individual genetic algorithms: Dual DGA”. In this algorithm, the subpopulation size is two. The specialized genetic operators which keep the diversity of the solutions and contribute the high searching ability are performed in each subpopulation (island). The advantage of this model is that this algorithm has fewer parameters that need to be specified than the traditional distributed genetic algorithm (DGA) has. Through the numerical example, it became cleared that Dual DGA has a higher searching ability compared to the traditional DGA. It is also inferred that the searching method of Dual DGA is different from that of fine-grained model, even when there are two individuals in each island.
BIND: the Biomolecular Interaction Network Database

The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND: http://bind.ca) archives biomolecular interaction, complex and pathway information. A web-based system is available to query, view and submit records. BIND continues to grow with the addition of individual submissions as well as interaction data from the PDB and a number of large-scale interaction and complex mapping experiments using yeast two hybrid, mass spectrometry, genetic interactions and phage display. We have developed a new graphical analysis tool that provides users with a view of the domain composition of proteins in interaction and complex records to help relate functional domains to protein interactions. An interaction network clustering tool has also been developed to help focus on regions of interest. Continued input from users has helped further mature the BIND data specification, which now includes the ability to store detailed information about genetic interactions. The BIND data specification is available as ASN.1 and XML DTD.
Evidence for common clonal origin of multifocal lung cancers.

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Multiple anatomically separate but histologically similar lung tumors are often found in the same patient. The clonal origin of multiple lung tumors is uncertain. METHODS We analyzed 70 lung tumors from 30 patients (23 females and seven males) who underwent surgical resection for lung epithelial tumors, of whom 26 had non-small cell carcinomas and four had carcinoid/atypical carcinoid tumors. All patients had multiple tumors (two to five) involving one or both lungs. Genomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissue sections using laser capture microdissection and analyzed for loss of heterozygosity, TP53 mutations, and X-chromosome inactivation status. The percentage (95% confidence interval [CI]) of patients in whom there were concordant patterns of genetic alteration was calculated. RESULTS All 30 case subjects showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in at least one and at most four of the six polymorphic microsatellite markers. Completely concordant LOH patterns between synchronous and metachronous cancers in individual patients were seen in 26 (87%) of 30 informative patients (95% CI = 75% to 99%). Identical point mutations were present in eight of 10 patients who exhibited TP53 mutation by sequencing. Tumors in 18 (78%) of 23 female patients (95% CI = 67% to 98%) showed identical X-chromosome inactivation patterns. Combining the results of LOH studies, TP53 mutation screening analyses, and X-chromosome inactivation data, we demonstrated that the multiple separate tumors in 23 (77%) of 30 patients (95% CI = 62% to 92%) had identical genetic changes, consistent with monoclonal origin of the separate tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that the great majority of multifocal lung cancers have a common clonal origin and that multifocality in lung cancer represents local and regional intrapulmonary metastasis.
Moral Values That Thwart Intergroup Interactions: An Investigation on the Interaction Between Indonesian Moslems and Chinese-Indonesian Christians

As one of the most established theories, the contact hypothesis has been well-researched throughout decades of investigations. However, there have been few attempts to investigate individual factors that may influence interaction processes that may lower prejudice. The present study attempts to find the individual factors that can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, that is, individual moral values. Previous researches have noted that individuals with high moral loyalty, authority, and sanctity may resist interacting with outgroups. Consequently, these individuals may possess higher prejudice. Thus, we hypothesize that individuals with higher levels of those three moral values may experience the contact effect more profoundly, in which there is stronger contact – prejudice effect. 594 Moslem participants participated in the online survey we administered. We found that moral authority and purity can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, consistent with our hypotheses. These patterns were found only for the contact – subtle prejudice effect. However, moral loyalty cannot moderate this effect. We discuss the implications by examining the Indonesian current sociopolitical conditions and how the three moral values influence the dynamics of intergroup contact.
Statistical-mechanical structure for renewal stochastic processes

We consider ordinary renewal stochastic processes (generated by independent events) and indicate that their basic distribution and associated generating functions obey the statistical-mechanical structure of noninteracting systems. Based on this fact we look briefly into the less known case of correlated renewal events. When the density distribution ψn(t) for the occurrence of the n-th event at time t is considered to be a partition function, of a ‘microcanonical’ type for n ‘degrees of freedom’ at fixed ‘energy’ t, one obtains a set of four partition functions of which that for the generating function variable μ and Laplace transform variable 'epsilon' (conjugate to n and t, respectively) plays a central role. These partition functions relate to each other in the customary way and in accordance to the precepts of large deviation theory, while the entropy, or Massieu potential, derived from ψn(t) satisfies an Euler relation. We illustrate this scheme first for a renewal process of events generated by a simple exponential waiting time distribution ψ(t). Then we examine a specially modified variety of process in which a power law ψ(t) leads to closed-form expressions analogous to those for the exponential ψ(t). Finally we mention the benefits of this identification to the generalization of renewal processes to the case of correlated events, and point out the existence of a similar scheme for random walk processes.
Calculating the Social Cost of Carbon

The paper1 discusses the determination of the social cost of carbon (SCC) using the PAGE2002 model used in the Stern Review. The SCC depends sensitively on assumptions about future economic development, the range and likelihood of economic and social damage arising from climate change at future dates and the discount rate to apply to that damage. The paper critically examines the choice of pure time preference and the weight to place on damage experienced by other countries in the distant future. Key conclusions are that the SCC rises at about 2.4% p.a. and the range of plausible estimates for the SCC is wide. The SCC is sensitive to a number of factors, significantly the equilibrium temperature rise for a doubling of CO2 concentration, the pure rate of time preference, the non-economic impact, the inequality weighting parameter and the half-life of global warming. Within the model the SCC appears surprisingly insensitive to the emissions scenario for reasons that are explained. The paper points out that methane and SF6 are also powerful GHGs whose impact can be estimated within the model.
Comparing the efficacy of electronic-tablet to paper-based surveys for on-site survey administration

Abstract This study compares cost, completion times, and percent completion of electronic tablet (n = 244) to paper-based (n = 398) questionnaires administered to participants of scenic raft trips on the Snake River, Grand Teton National Park. We hypothesized e-tablet questionnaires would (1) cost less (2) be completed faster and (3) be completely filled more frequently than paper-based questionnaires. Our survey resulted in a greater per unit cost of e-tablet compared to paper-based questionnaires ($4.17 and $1.80, respectively). Although e-tablets were completed faster (230 [±66] s) than paper questionnaires (235 [±57] s), the difference was not significant (t(641) = 1.97, p = 0.39). E-tablets were filled completely more frequently than paper questionnaires (80% vs. 51%, respectively; χ2 = 3.84, p < 0.01). We suggest that for multi-year projects with a sample size target of ≥100, and length ≥ 5 pages, e-tablets are more cost effective and efficient than paper-based surveys.
EIRENE

One of the first steps in the process of integrating information from multiple sources into a desired target format is to specify the relationships, called schema mappings, between the source schemas and the target schema. In this demonstration, we showcase a new methodology for designing schema mappings. Our system Eirene interactively solicits data examples from the mapping designer in order to design a schema mapping between a source schema and a target schema. A data example, in this context, is a pair consisting of a source instance and a target instance showing the desired outcome of performing data exchange using the schema mapping being designed. One of the central parts of the system is a module that, given a set of data examples, either returns a "best" fitting schema mapping, or reports that no fitting schema mapping exists.
Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy of poor prognosis which is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. Current treatment modalities are very limited creating great interest for novel preventive and therapeutic options. Vitamin D seems to have a protective effect against pancreatic cancer by participating in numerous proapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, prodifferentiating, and immunomodulating mechanisms. 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] serum concentrations are currently the best indicator of vitamin D status. There are three main sources of vitamin D: sun exposure, diet,and dietary supplements. Sun exposure has been associated with lower incidence of pancreatic cancer in ecological studies. Increased vitamin D levels seem to protect against pancreatic cancer, but caution is needed as excessive dietary intake may have opposite results. Future studies will verify the role of vitamin D in the prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer and will lead to guidelines on adequate sun exposure and vitamin D dietary intake.
Using common variants to indicate cancer genes

The catalogue of tumour‐specific somatic mutations (SMs) is growing rapidly owing to the advent of next‐generation sequencing. Identifying those mutations responsible for the development and progression of the disease, so‐called driver mutations, will increase our understanding of carcinogenesis and provide candidates for targeted therapeutics. The phenotypic consequence(s) of driver mutations cause them to be selected for within the tumour environment, such that many approaches aimed at distinguishing drivers are based on finding significantly somatically mutated genes. Currently, these methods are designed to analyse, or be specifically applied to, nonsynonymous mutations: those that alter an encoded protein. However, growing evidence suggests the involvement of noncoding transcripts in carcinogenesis, mutations in which may also be disease‐driving. We wished to test the hypothesis that common DNA variation rates within humans can be used as a baseline from which to score the rate of SMs, irrespective of coding capacity. We preliminarily tested this by applying it to a dataset of 159,498 SMs and using the results to rank genes. This resulted in significant enrichment of known cancer genes, indicating that the approach has merit. As additional data from cancer sequencing studies are made publicly available, this approach can be refined and applied to specific cancer subtypes. We named this preliminary version of our approach PRISMAD (polymorphism rates indicate somatic mutations as drivers) and have made it publicly accessible, with scripts, via a link at www.precancer. leeds.ac. uk/software‐and‐datasets.
Integrated vehicle recognition and inspection system to improve security in restricted access areas

Identification of vehicles for security reasons has lately attracted much scientific and commercial attention. In certain areas, such as government buildings, army camps or country borders, the vehicles are inspected before allowed to enter. As this inspection needs to be thorough, it is a rather time-consuming process. To address this issue, this paper proposes a combination of distinct computer vision inspection systems that have been developed in the Multimedia Technology Laboratory of the National Technical University of Athens, to automatically identify a vehicle entering a restricted area. The proposed system includes automatic license plate recognition, vehicle manufacturer/model detection and under-vehicle inspection. Combining the aforementioned methods can help to minimize the limitations of each individual technique and increase security in vehicle inspection. The characteristics, extracted during inspection, can be compared to the actual characteristics of each vehicle, which are acquired off-line and then stored in a vehicle record database.
Evaluating the impact of treatment for sleep/wake disorders on recovery of cognition and communication in adults with chronic TBI

Abstract Objective: To longitudinally examine objective and self-reported outcomes for recovery of cognition, communication, mood and participation in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and co-morbid post-traumatic sleep/wake disorders. Design: Prospective, longitudinal, single blind outcome study. Setting: Community-based. Participants: Ten adults with moderate–severe TBI and two adults with mild TBI and persistent symptoms aged 18–58 years. Six males and six females, who were 1–22 years post-injury and presented with self-reported sleep/wake disturbances with onset post-injury. Interventions: Individualized treatments for sleep/wake disorders that included sleep hygiene recommendations, pharmacological interventions and/or treatments for sleep apnea with follow-up. Main outcome measures: Insomnia Severity Index, Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, Latrobe Communication Questionnaire, Speed and Capacity of Language Processing, Test of Everyday Attention, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, Daily Cognitive-Communication and Sleep Profile. Results: Group analysis revealed positive trends in change for each measure and across sub-tests of all measures. Statistically significant changes were noted in insomnia severity, p = 0.0003; depression severity, p = 0.03; language, p = 0.01; speed of language processing, p = 0.007. Conclusions: These results add to a small but growing body of evidence that sleep/wake disorders associated with TBI exacerbate trauma-related cognitive, communication and mood impairments. Treatment for sleep/wake disorders may optimize recovery and outcomes.
Intercultural Communicative Competence, Self-Esteem Cultural Competence of Nursing Students

This study was examined closely on intercultural communicative competence, self-esteem, and cultural competence of nursing students. The subjects consisted of 158 students. The data were collected at September 2016 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correla tion coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. The mean scores of intercultural communicative competence, self-esteem, and cultural competence were above the average. Significant correlations were found between intercultural communicative competence and cultural competence, self-esteem and cultural competence. Cultural competence was a predictor of intercultural communicative competence and self-esteem. These findings indicate that perceived intercultural communicative competence and self-esteem may be necessary to improve cultural competence among nursing students.
Resource Usage Control in Multi-tenant Applications

Multi-tenancy is an approach to share one application instance among multiple customers by providing each of them a dedicated view. This approach is commonly used by SaaS providers to reduce the costs for service provisioning. Tenants also expect to be isolated in terms of the performance they observe and the providers inability to offer performance guarantees is a major obstacle for potential cloud customers. To guarantee an isolated performance it is essential to control the resources used by a tenant. This is a challenge, because the layers of the execution environment, responsible for controlling resource usage(e.g., operating system), normally do not have knowledge about entities defined at the application level and thus they cannot distinguish between different tenants. Furthermore, it is hard to predict how tenant requests propagate through the multiple layers of the execution environment down to the physical resource layer. The intended abstraction of the application from the resource controlling layers does not allow to solely solving this problem in the application. In this paper, we propose an approach which applies resource demand estimation techniques in combination with a request based admission control. The resource demand estimation is used to determine resource consumption information for individual requests. The admission control mechanism uses this knowledge to delay requests originating from tenants that exceed their allocated resource share. The proposed method is validated by a widely accepted benchmark showing its applicability in a setup motivated by today's platform environments.
Does Specification Error Explain the Discrepancy Between Open-Ended and Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Responses ?

In this working paper we demonstrate that some of the statistical tests used by Huang and Smith in a recent Land Economics article (74(2 1998): 186-202) were erroneous, and raise concerns about their corresponding conclusions. Specifically, using data from one of the studies that they showcase, we demonstrate that Huang and Smith’s analysis suggesting statistical equality between hypothetical dichotomous choice responses and actual contributions is incorrect. We further show that their purported equality between dichotomous choice and open-ended response formats is unfounded. Based on these analyses we conclude that when real humans make real or stated decisions, the observed procedural variance across elicitation methods and the degree of hypothetical bias are more fundamental than relying on alternative econometric specifications. a Poe and Vossler are Associate Professor and Graduate Research Assistant, respectively. The authors are listed alphabetically – senior authorship is shared. We wish to acknowledge the helpful comments of Ian Langford and Bill Schulze on this research, although responsibility for errors remains our own. This comment was written, in part, while Poe was a Visiting Fellow at the Jackson Environmental Institute (JEI) and the Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE) at the University of East Anglia. Funding for this research was provided by USDA Regional Project W-133 and Cornell University. Cornell University AEM Working Paper 2001-18.
Evaluating Factors Used by Mental Health Professionals to Access Juvenile Adjudicative Competency

Evaluating Factors Used by Mental Health Professionals to Assess Juvenile Adjudicative Competency by Heidi M. Wennesheimer MBA, Concordia University, 2012 BA, Concordia University, 2004 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Forensic Psychology
Mobile Malware Behavioral Analysis and Preventive Strategy Using Ontology

Mobile malware has caused harm by leaking of user privacy, depletion of battery power, and extra service charges by automatically sending expensive multimedia messages or making long-distance calls. Also, the convenience which can download programs from the Internet and share software with one another through short-range Bluetooth connections, worldwide multimedia messaging service communications and memory cards has created new vulnerabilities. As we know, anti-malware software is to play an essential role in defending against mobile malware. The majority of detection software relies on an up-to-date malware signature database to detect malware. However, mobile phone networks have very different characteristics in terms of limited processing power, storage capacity and battery power. It is a challenge to distribute malware signatures files to mobile devices in a timely manner. Therefore, this paper proposes an ontology-based behavioral analysis for mobile malware, and further provides information about mobile malware for end users to help them use their mobile phones securely.
Detecting Structured Image Region Using Local Features and Clustering Analysis

The structured regions in an image usually contain important clues for information understanding. Proper extraction of those regions is often a key to success for a computer vision system. In this work, we propose a method to detect the irregularly arranged region-ofinterest with a fixed structure. Different from the existing techniques, our approach is able to deal with more influential factors in the images and suitable for many application scenarios. To locate a structured region, the density clustering analysis is used to summarize the intensive feature regions, followed by the iterative region selection with a specific structure. The experiments with real scene images have shown that our technique is able to provide stable results in various text extraction applications.
Long-term human affordance maps

This paper presents a work on mapping the use of space by humans in long periods of time. Daily geometric maps with the same coordinate frame were generated with SLAM, and in a similar manner, daily affordance density maps (places people use) were generated with the output of a human tracker running on the robot. The contribution of the paper is two-fold: an approach to detect geometric changes to cluster them in similar geometric configurations and the building of geometric and affordance composite maps on each cluster. This approach avoids the loss of long term retrieved information. Geometric similarity was computed using a normal distance approach on the maps. The analysis was performed on data collected by a mobile robot for a period of 4 months accumulating data equivalent to 70 days. Experimental results show that the system is capable of detecting geometric changes in the environment and clustering similar geometric configurations.