Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herbal medicine (Hyeolbuchukeo-tang or Xuefu Zhuyu decoction) for treating primary dysmenorrhoea: protocol for a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

Introduction Primary dysmenorrhoea is menstrual pain without pelvic pathology and is the most common gynaecological condition in women. Xuefu Zhuyudecoction (XZD) or Hyeolbuchukeo-tang, a traditional herbal formula, has been used as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea. The purpose of this study is to assess the current published evidence regarding XZD as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea. Materials and methods The following databases will be searched from their inception until April 2017: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, six Korean medical databases (Korean Studies Information Service System, DBPia, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Research Information Service System, Korea Med and the Korean Traditional Knowledge Portal), three Chinese medical databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database and Chinese Scientific Journals Database (VIP)) and one Japanese medical database (CiNii). Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) that will be included in this systematic review comprise those that used XZD or modified XZD. The control groups in the RCTs include no treatment, placebo, conventional medication or other treatments. Trials testing XZD as an adjunct to other treatments and studies where the control group received the same treatment as the intervention group will be also included. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments will be performed by two independent reviewers. The risk of bias will be assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. All statistical analyses will be conducted using Review Manager software (RevMan V.5.3.0). Ethics and dissemination This systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The review will also be disseminated electronically and in print. The review will benefit patients and practitioners in the fields of traditional and conventional medicine. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016050447.
Modular Visualization of Distributed Systems

Effective visualization is critical to developing, analyzing, and optimizing distributed systems. We have developed OverView, a tool for online/offline distributed systems visualization, that enables modular layout mechanisms, so that different distributed system high-level programming abstractions such as actors or processes can be visualized in intuitive ways. OverView uses by default a hierarchical concentric layout that distinguishes entities from containers allowing migration patterns triggered by adaptive middleware to be visualized. In this paper, we develop a force-directed layout strategy that connects entities according to their communication patterns in order to directly exhibit the application communication topologies. In force-directed visualization, entities’ locations are encoded with different colors to illustrate load balancing. We compare these layouts using quantitative metrics including communication to entity ratio, applied on common distributed application topologies. We conclude that modular visualization is necessary to effectively visualize distributed systems since no one layout is best for all applications.
Poisson Sum-Product Networks: A Deep Architecture for Tractable Multivariate Poisson Distributions

Multivariate count data are pervasive in science in the form of histograms, contingency tables and others. Previous work on modeling this type of distributions do not allow for fast and tractable inference. In this paper we present a novel Poisson graphical model, the first based on sum product networks, called PSPN, allowing for positive as well as negative dependencies. We present algorithms for learning tree PSPNs from data as well as for tractable inference via symbolic evaluation. With these, information-theoretic measures such as entropy, mutual information, and distances among count variables can be computed without resorting to approximations. Additionally, we show a connection between PSPNs and LDA, linking the structure of tree PSPNs to a hierarchy of topics. The experimental results on several synthetic and real world datasets demonstrate that PSPN often outperform state-of-the-art while remaining tractable.
DNA Barcoding of Neotropical Sand Flies (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae): Species Identification and Discovery within Brazil

DNA barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. Here, we used DNA barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of Brazilian sand flies. DNA barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23–19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. The DNA barcodes also corroborated the resurrection of two species within the shannoni complex and provided an efficient tool to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable females of closely related species. Taken together, our results validate the effectiveness of DNA barcoding for species identification and the discovery of cryptic diversity in sand flies from Brazil.
A Domain-Independent Model of Open-World Reference Resolution

The ability to ground conversational referents is a key requirement for human dialogue. This process, known as reference resolution, has received much attention from both psycholinguists seeking to understand how humans process language and computer scientists seeking to improve the performance of language-capable agents. However, the majority of previous research has focused on what we term closed-world reference resolution, in which the set of possible referents is assumed to be known a priori. In this paper we present a domainindependent model of open-world reference resolution which appropriately handles uncertain knowledge, and the results of an empirical human-subject experiment conducted to verify the model’s predictions.
Valsartan Effective for Malignant Hypertension after Aortic Dissection with Renal Artery Involvement

When aortic dissections extend to the renal arteries, reductions in renal blood flow can cause marked increases in renin production. The resultant rise in angiotensin II can lead to difficult‐to‐control blood pressure, despite normal postdissection antihypertensive agents. We highlight a case of a postdissection patient with malignant hypertension refractory to eight different enteral antihypertensives. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers had been held due to postoperative acute kidney injury. A single dose of valsartan, administered on day 12, produced a marked drop in blood pressure, alleviation of encephalopathy, and allowed for cancellation of a planned tracheostomy. A serum renin level was found to be 50 times the normal upper limit. In patients with aortic dissection and renal artery involvement, angiotensin‐modifying agents may warrant earlier administration to combat this unique cause of hypertension.
Multitier Fog Computing With Large-Scale IoT Data Analytics for Smart Cities

Analysis of Internet of Things (IoT) sensor data is a key for achieving city smartness. In this paper a multitier fog computing model with large-scale data analytics service is proposed for smart cities applications. The multitier fog is consisted of ad-hoc fogs and dedicated fogs with opportunistic and dedicated computing resources, respectively. The proposed new fog computing model with clear functional modules is able to mitigate the potential problems of dedicated computing infrastructure and slow response in cloud computing. We run analytics benchmark experiments over fogs formed by Rapsberry Pi computers with a distributed computing engine to measure computing performance of various analytics tasks, and create easy-to-use workload models. Quality of services (QoS) aware admission control, offloading, and resource allocation schemes are designed to support data analytics services, and maximize analytics service utilities. Availability and cost models of networking and computing resources are taken into account in QoS scheme design. A scalable system level simulator is developed to evaluate the fog-based analytics service and the QoS management schemes. Experiment results demonstrate the efficiency of analytics services over multitier fogs and the effectiveness of the proposed QoS schemes. Fogs can largely improve the performance of smart city analytics services than cloud only model in terms of job blocking probability and service utility.
Multilingual Semantic Relatedness Using Lightweight Machine Translation

Distributional semantic models are strongly dependent on the size and the quality of the reference corpora, which embeds the commonsense knowledge necessary to build comprehensive models. While high-quality texts containing large-scale commonsense information are present in English, such as Wikipedia, other languages may lack sufficient textual support to build distributional models. This paper proposes using the combination of a lightweight (sloppy) machine translation model and an English Distributional Semantic Model (DSM) to provide higher quality word vectors for languages other than English. Results show that the lightweight MT model introduces significant improvements when compared to language-specific distributional models. Additionally, the lightweight MT outperforms more complex MT methods for the task of word-pair translation.
Towards the Industrial Production of Omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from a Genetically Modified Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

The marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum can accumulate up to 30% of the omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and, as such, is considered a good source for the industrial production of EPA. However, P. tricornutum does not naturally accumulate significant levels of the more valuable omega-3 LC-PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Previously, we have engineered P. tricornutum to accumulate elevated levels of DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) by overexpressing heterologous genes encoding enzyme activities of the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway. Here, the transgenic strain Pt_Elo5 has been investigated for the scalable production of EPA and DHA. Studies have been performed at the laboratory scale on the cultures growing in up to 1 L flasks a 3.5 L bubble column, a 550 L closed photobioreactor and a 1250 L raceway pond with artificial illumination. Detailed studies were carried out on the effect of different media, carbon sources and illumination on omega-3 LC-PUFAs production by transgenic strain Pt_Elo5 and wild type P. tricornutum grown in 3.5 L bubble columns. The highest content of DHA (7.5% of total fatty acids, TFA) in transgenic strain was achieved in cultures grown in seawater salts, Instant Ocean (IO), supplemented with F/2 nutrients (F2N) under continuous light. After identifying the optimal conditions for omega-3 LC-PUFA accumulation in the small-scale experiments we compared EPA and DHA levels of the transgenic strain grown in a larger fence-style tubular photobioreactor and a raceway pond. We observed a significant production of DHA over EPA, generating an EPA/DPA/DHA profile of 8.7%/4.5%/12.3% of TFA in cells grown in a photobioreactor, equivalent to 6.4 μg/mg dry weight DHA in a mid-exponentially growing algal culture. Omega-3 LC-PUFAs production in a raceway pond at ambient temperature but supplemented with artificial illumination (110 μmol photons m-2s-1 ) on a 16:8h light:dark cycle, in natural seawater and F/2 nutrients was 24.8% EPA and 10.3% DHA. Transgenic strain grown in RP produced the highest levels of EPA (12.8%) incorporated in neutral lipids. However, the highest partitioning of DHA in neutral lipids was observed in cultures grown in PBR (7.1%). Our results clearly demonstrate the potential for the development of the transgenic Pt_Elo5 as a platform for the commercial production of EPA and DHA.
Energy expenditure in caving

The aim of this study was to determine the energy expenditure of a group of cavers of both genders and different ages and experience during a 10 hour subterranean exploration, using portable metabolimeters. The impact of caving activity on body composition and hydration were also assessed through bioelectrical impedance, and nutritional habits of cavers surveyed. During cave activity, measured total energy expenditure (TEE) was in the range 225–287 kcal/h for women-men (MET = 4.1), respectively; subjects had an energy intake from food in the range 1000–1200 kcal, thus inadequate to restore lost calories. Bayesian statistical analysis estimated the effect of predictive variables on TEE, revealing that experienced subjects had a 5% lower TEE than the less skilled ones and that women required a comparatively larger energy expenditure than men to perform the same task. BIVA (bioelectrical impedance vector analysis) showed that subjects were within the range of normal hydration before and after cave activity, but bioelectrical changes indicated a reduction of extracellular water in men, which might result in hypo-osmolal dehydration in the case of prolonged underground exercise. All these facts should be considered when planning cave explorations, preparing training programs for subjects practising caving, and optimizing a diet for cavers. Further, information gathered through this study could be of value to reduce accidents in caves related to increase in fatigue.
On the Uplink Achievable Rate for Massive MIMO With 1-Bit ADC and Superimposed Pilots

In this paper, a superimposed pilot scheme for massive multiple-input multiple-output uplink transmission with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at the base station (BS) is considered. Due to the intractable complexity of obtaining true bounds on the data rate, we thus derive an approximate lower bound on the achievable data rate while assuming the BS employs the linear minimum mean square error channel estimator and maximum ratio combining receiver. The derived bound is shown to be nearly tight when the number of users is large or operating in the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime. We also obtain the closed-form expression of the optimal pilot-data power allocation maximizing the data rate. Although there is a performance gap between the quantized and unquantized (i.e., with infinite-resolution ADCs) systems, it is shown that this gap diminishes when the number of BS antennas is asymptotically large. We show that when the received pilot symbols are removed from the received signal (utilizing the estimated channel) for the data detection process, the increase in data rate is not significant when compared with the no-pilot-removal case, especially in the regimes of low SNR and a large number of users. We present some numerical results to corroborate our theoretical findings, and the insights are provided for further exploration of the quantized systems with superimposed pilots.
Low-dose menaquinone-7 supplementation improved extra-hepatic vitamin K status, but had no effect on thrombin generation in healthy subjects

Vitamin K is required for the carboxylation of Gla-proteins in the liver (coagulation factors) and extra-hepatic tissues, such as bone (osteocalcin, OC), and arterial wall (matrix Gla-protein, MGP). Although the coagulation factors are essentially fully carboxylated under normal conditions, 10–40 % of OC and MGP remains undercarboxylated. We were therefore interested to study the dose–response effects of extra intake of menaquinones on the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic Gla-proteins. A total of forty-two healthy Dutch men and women aged between 18 and 45 years were randomised into seven groups to receive: placebo capsules or menaquinone-7 (MK-7) capsules at a daily dose of 10, 20, 45, 90, 180 or 360 μg. Circulating uncarboxylated OC (ucOC), carboxylated OC (cOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP were measured by ELISA. The ucOC:cOC ratio was calculated from circulating ucOC and cOC values. Endogenous thrombin potential and peak height were determined by calibrated automated thrombography. To increase the statistical power, we collapsed the treatment groups into three dosage groups: placebo, low-dose supplementation (doses below RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC), and high-dose supplementation (doses around RDA, Commission Directive 2008/100/EC). MK-7 supplementation at doses in the order of the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) increased the carboxylation of circulating OC and MGP. No adverse effects on thrombin generation were observed. Extra MK-7 intake at nutritional doses around the RDA (Commission Directive 2008/100/EC) improved the carboxylation of the extra-hepatic vitamin K-dependent proteins. Whether this improvement contributes to public health, i.e. increasing the protection against age-related diseases needs further investigation in specifically designed intervention trials.
Model Reduction of Cable Mesh Reflector Antennas With Integrated Structural-Electromagnetic Criterion

A modal truncation method based on an integrated structural-electromagnetic criterion is proposed for model reduction of cable mesh reflector antennas. Combining structural dynamic characteristics and approximate electrical field calculation, a nonlinear time-invariant state-space representation is established for the integrated structural-electromagnetic system model. Incorporating structural modal analysis into electromagnetic sensitivity computation, an evaluation factor defined as the product of effective mass fraction and electromagnetic sensitivity with respect to modal coordinates is presented to simplify the complex model. It can reduce the order of finite element model directly orientating to the electromagnetic performance with acceptable accuracy. An offset cable mesh reflector and a boom are employed in this method to show its feasibility and effectiveness in modal truncation.
High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise Training for Cardiovascular Disease

Exercise training is widely recommended in health and some conditions diseases. It is well established that physical active behaviour is related to decrease in cardiovascular diseases and consequently longer life expectancy. Talking about exercise training involves some methodological approaches such as type of exercise, volume, duration, frequency and intensity; and intensity is exactly what this review is focused, especially high-intensity intermittent exercise training, also known as interval training. Prescribing this model of training according to literature makes it difficult to reach a consensus about the methodology and true effects of it, especially for cardiac patients. For that reason, the aim of this review is to present the current context about the different types of high-intensity intermittent exercise training, its benefits and risks compared to endurance training in some diseases such as coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure.
A Deep Learning Hybrid CNN Framework Approach for Vegetation Cover Mapping Using Deep Features

Vegetation cover mapping is an imperative task of monitoring the change in vegetation as it can help us meet sustenance requirements. In this study, we explore the future potential of multilayer Deep learning framework (DL) that comprises of hybrid of CNN's, for mapping vegetation cover area as DL is a congenial state-of-art algorithm for implementing image processing. This study proposes a novel DL framework exploiting hybrids of CNN's with Local binary pattern and GIST features. Every CNN is fed with disparate combination of multi-spectral Sentinel 2 satellite imagery bands (spatial resolution of 10m), texture and topographic parameters of Uttarakhand (30° 15' N, 79° 15' E) region, India. Our proposed DL framework outperformed the state-of-art algorithms with a classification accuracy of 88.43%.
Using a novel merit for feature selection based on rough set theory

Feature selection in microarray datasets has become one of the most interesting subjects in machine learning and data mining. Binary microarray datasets often consist of thousands of features with a small number of samples and the distribution of classes in them is imbalanced. This paper proposes a new merit based on rough set theory that is inspired by correlation-based merit and named rough set-based merit. Rough set-based merit is applied in rough set quick reduct algorithm to select a significant subset of features. The experimental results in section 4, show the robustness and benefits of the proposed method versus other existing methods in the literature.
Hybrid Vibrio cholerae El Tor Lacking SXT Identified as the Cause of a Cholera Outbreak in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Cholera continues to be a global threat, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. In 2011, a cholera outbreak occurred in Palawan, Philippines, affecting more than 500 people, and 20 individuals died. Vibrio cholerae O1 was confirmed as the etiological agent. Source attribution is critical in cholera outbreaks for proper management of the disease, as well as to control spread. In this study, three V. cholerae O1 isolates from a Philippines cholera outbreak were sequenced and their genomes analyzed to determine phylogenetic relatedness to V. cholerae O1 isolates from recent outbreaks of cholera elsewhere. The Philippines V. cholerae O1 isolates were determined to be V. cholerae O1 hybrid El Tor belonging to the seventh-pandemic clade. They clustered tightly, forming a monophyletic clade closely related to V. cholerae O1 hybrid El Tor from Asia and Africa. The isolates possess a unique multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotype (12-7-9-18-25 and 12-7-10-14-21) and lack SXT. In addition, they possess a novel 15-kb genomic island (GI-119) containing a predicted type I restriction-modification system. The CTXΦ-RS1 array of the Philippines isolates was similar to that of V. cholerae O1 MG116926, a hybrid El Tor strain isolated in Bangladesh in 1991. Overall, the data indicate that the Philippines V. cholerae O1 isolates are unique, differing from recent V. cholerae O1 isolates from Asia, Africa, and Haiti. Furthermore, the results of this study support the hypothesis that the Philippines isolates of V. cholerae O1 are indigenous and exist locally in the aquatic ecosystem of the Philippines. IMPORTANCE Genetic characterization and phylogenomics analysis of outbreak strains have proven to be critical for probing clonal relatedness to strains isolated in different geographical regions and over time. Recently, extensive genetic analyses of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in different countries have been done. However, genome sequences of V. cholerae O1 isolates from the Philippines have not been available for epidemiological investigation. In this study, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae isolated from both clinical and environmental samples in 2011 confirmed unique genetic features of the Philippines isolates, which are helpful to understand the global epidemiology of cholera. Genetic characterization and phylogenomics analysis of outbreak strains have proven to be critical for probing clonal relatedness to strains isolated in different geographical regions and over time. Recently, extensive genetic analyses of V. cholerae O1 strains isolated in different countries have been done. However, genome sequences of V. cholerae O1 isolates from the Philippines have not been available for epidemiological investigation. In this study, molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of Vibrio cholerae isolated from both clinical and environmental samples in 2011 confirmed unique genetic features of the Philippines isolates, which are helpful to understand the global epidemiology of cholera.