Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Analysis of Cooperative Diversity Using Equal Gain Combining (EGC) Technique Over Rayleigh Fading Channels

Cooperative diversity is a promising technology for future wireless networks. In this paper, based on the moment generating function (MGF), we derive exact closed-form expressions for the average bit error rate (BER), the amount of fading (AF), and outage probability (Pout) for cooperative diversity networks with amplify-and-forward relaying over Rayleigh-fading channel using differentially- non-coherent equal gain combining (EGC) technique. We show that this scheme (differentially-non-coherent EGC) achieves a diversity order of 2 at high SNR. The main advantage of this scheme is that it does not need channel state. information of the transmission links at the relay and destination nodes. This feature reduces the design and implementation complexity. Furthermore, we study in this paper the impact of the relay location on the system performance.
The sight of your tongue: neural correlates of audio-lingual speech perception

While functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate that multiple cortical regions play a key role in audio-visual integration of speech, whether cross-modal speech interactions only depend on well-known auditory and visuo-facial modalities or, rather, might also be triggered by other sensory sources remains unexplored. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined the neural substrates of cross-modal binding during audio-visual speech perception in response to either seeing the facial/lip or tongue (tongue movement inside the mouth acquired by means of ultrason) movements of a speaker. To this aim, participants were exposed to auditory and/or visual speech stimuli in five different conditions: an auditory-only condition, and two visual-only and two audiovisual conditions that showed either the facial/lip or tongue movements of a speaker. Common overlapping activity between conditions were mainly observed in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus/sulcus, extending ventrally to the posterior middle temporal gyrus and dorsally to the parietal operculum, the supramarginal and angular gyri, as well as in the premotor cortex and in the inferior frontal gyrus. In addition, sub-additive neural responses were observed in the left posterior superior temporal gyrus/sulcus during audio-visual perception of both facial and tongue speech movements compared to unimodal auditory and visual speech perception. Altogether these results suggest that the left posterior superior temporal gyrus/sulcus is involved in multisensory processing of auditory speech signals and their accompanying facial/lip and tongue speech movements, and that multisensory speech perception is partly driven by listener’s knowledge of speech production.
Effects of Environmental Factors on the Seasonally Change of Chlorophyll-a in Eutrophic Plateau Lake Dianchi, China

The eutrophication of lake and followed cyanobacteria bloom are the most apparently eco-environmental problem in freshwater lakes in China. Lake Dianchi is the largest and the most serious eutrophic freshwater lake in southwest China that has experienced cyanobacterial blooms annually during the last few decades. The temporal distribution of phytoplankton biomass (estimated using chlorophyll-a concentration) and its correlation with related physical and chemical viriables including water temperature, pH, total phosphorus(TP) and total nitrogen(TN) in Lake Dianchi were investigated from March 2009 to January 2010. Due to the combined effects of high temperature, nutrient conditions and neutral to alkaline pH values in this lake, the phytoplankton biomass were higher and more uniform compared to other cyanobacterial blooms reported in temperate regions. This study advances our understanding of nutrient enrichment and high water temperature influences on phytoplankton biomass.
Using Iterative Repair to Improve the Responsiveness of Planning and Scheduling

The majority of planning and scheduling research has focused on batch-oriented models of planning. This paper discusses the use of iterative repair techniques to support a continuous planning process as is appropriate for autonomous spacecraft control. This allows the plan to incorporate execution feedback - such as early or late completion of activities, and over-use or under-use of resources. In this approach, iterative repair supports continuous modification and updating of a current working plan in light of changing operating context.
Theory questions of waveguide-slot structures with dielectric insertions

The paper analyzes the methods of determining the electromagnetic fields in waveguide-slot structures with dielectric insertions. In a rigorous formulation of the problem cases of single slots and multi-slot systems are analyzed. The elongated dielectric insertions s (in the form of infinitely long layers) and local ones (a “plug” of finite length which completely covers the cross-section of the waveguide) as well as the dielectric inserts partially filling the narrow slots are considered. Particular attention is paid to the definition of the field excited by a magnetic current. A possibility of solving the excitation problem by means of expanding the unknown fields in terms of waveguide eigen waves is discussed. Some results of the calculations are presented.
Where the Whole Thing Fell Apart

Abstract This article examines the intersection of societal prejudice and psychological trauma. In an instrumental case study created through a layered narrative analysis, the author highlights the potentially traumatic effects of racism and discrimination, while also exploring the phenomenon of resilience in a complex ecological system. The findings suggest that the enduring and continual strain of racial prejudice may cause significant psychological distress, particularly when those experiences reinforce early negative experiences within a family; and that assessments of resilience need to consider the contribution of ecological context to psychological outcomes as well as to an individual's ability to mobilize personal resources when such a context finally shifts.
Fluctuations in carotid arterial distensibility during the menstrual cycle do not influence cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity

Aim: Fluctuations in autonomic nervous functions throughout the menstrual cycle and the underlying mechanism concerning them are not well known. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that fluctuations in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) throughout the menstrual cycles of young women are due to fluctuations in carotid arterial distensibility.
50 GHz LC-active oscillator in 65 nm CMOS

A 50 GHz cross-coupled oscillator employing a millimeter-wave active inductor in the LC tank has been designed and realized in 65 nm bulk CMOS technology. The measurement results show an equivalent inductance of 133 pH with a quality factor exceeding 400 at 50 GHz, demonstrating experimentally the implementation of high-Q active inductors operating at the millimeter-waves in CMOS technology. The measurement results show a phase noise of -85 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz from the carrier when the active inductor is switched off and -91 dBc/Hz when it is switched on, corresponding to 6 dB phase noise improvement.
Facilitating Emotional Change: The Moment-by-Moment Process

Introduction. A Process Experiential Approach. Theory: Emotion, Cognition and Change. Perspectives on Human Functioning. Towards an Experiential Theory of Functioning. Dysfunction. The Manual: Basic Principles and Task-guided Interventions. A: Treatment Manual: The General Approach.Treatment Principles for a Process-Experiential Approach. What the Therapist Does: Experiential Response. B: The Treatment Tasks. Systematic Evocative Unfolding at Problematic Reaction Points. Experiential Focusing for an Unclear Felt Sense. Two Chair Dialogue at a Self-Evaluative Split. Two Chair Dialogue at a Self-Interruption Split. Empty Chair Work for Unfinished Business. Empathic Affirmation at a Vulnerability Marker. Treatment Application.Applying the Process Experiential Approach. The Process Experiential Approach: An Overview.
The new logic in building isomorphic theory of management decision realities

Purpose – This article aims to describe ethnographic theory and research that maintains the integrity of the individual case while generalizing to multiple cases in research on management decisions. The study aims to provoke and prod management decision researchers to employ ethnographic research tools rather than relying only or mainly on the dominant logic of variable‐based empirical positivism.Design/methodology/approach – Details of two studies of multiple cases in two task environments inform explicit statements of the principles necessary for bridging the gap between management decision practice and research. Six principles serve as pillars for this bridge.Findings – Averages mislead. Partial regression coefficients inform about the impact of variables but mislead in hinting at the sufficiency of individual variables for all cases when high or low values on any one variable are not sufficient or necessary for a high or low outcome on a dependent variable. Research on management decisions must mainta.
Sex differences in voluntary fluid intake by older adults during exercise.

PURPOSE This study compared the voluntary fluid intake behavior of older men and women (54-70 yr) when provided cold, palatable beverages and ample opportunity to drink between repeated bouts of exercise in the heat. METHODS Thirteen men and 14 women performed four bouts of 15-min cycling at 65% VO2peak followed by 15 min of rest at 30 degrees C and 50% relative humidity. In separate trials, subjects drank either a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) or water ad libitum during the rest periods and were unaware that their fluid intake was being measured. RESULTS Fluid intake behavior was repeatable (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.75), and subjects drank enough of either beverage to match sweating rates and maintain their body mass (BM). Fluid intake per kilogram of BM was greater with CES (18.7 +/- 2.2 vs 15.1 +/- 2.1 mL x kg(-1); P < 0.05), and plasma volume (PV) was better maintained during the CES trials (-1.3 +/- 1.1 vs -4.2 +/- 1.1% during the second half of the session). Women drank significantly more water than the men on a per kilogram basis (17.2 +/- 2.9 vs 12.8 +/- 1.7 mL x kg(-1) BM), and one woman (BM = 45.7 kg) became hyponatremic (S(NA) = 126 mmol x L(-1)) with symptoms during the water trial. CONCLUSION Older adults drank enough to maintain fluid balance when palatable fluid was readily available; however, CES promoted greater voluntary fluid intake and restored PV losses faster than water. In addition, older women drank more water than men during interval exercise in the heat, which may put smaller women at an increased risk for developing hyponatremia.
Model-based reset control for overcoming performance limitations of linear feedback

It is well known that there exist some performance limitations for linear systems with unit feedback control structure. In this work, consider minimum-phase linear plant, model-based reset control is proposed for overcoming overshoot performance limitations of linear feedback, systematic reset controller design is given. The results explicitly demonstrate the advantages of reset control and provide a direction for future reset control research. In the end, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Fee-for-Service Payment – An Evil Practice that Must Be Stamped Out?

Co-opting physicians to regulate Fee-for-Service (FFS) payment is more feasible and simpler to administer than capitation, Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) and pay-for-performance. The key lies in designing and revising the fee schedule, which not only defines and sets the fee for each item, but also the conditions of billing. Adherence to these regulations must be strictly audited in order to control volume and costs, and to assure quality. The fee schedule requires periodic revisions on an item-by-item basis in order to maintain balance among the providers, to list new drugs, devices and equipment, and to reflect the lower market prices of existing ones. Implementing the fee schedule will facilitate the control of balance billing and extra billing, and the introduction of more sophisticated methods of payment in the future.
Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases.

BACKGROUND Radiation therapy is effective in palliating pain from bone metastases. We investigated whether 8 Gy delivered in a single treatment fraction provides pain and narcotic relief that is equivalent to that of the standard treatment course of 30 Gy delivered in 10 treatment fractions over 2 weeks. METHODS A prospective, phase III randomized study of palliative radiation therapy was conducted for patients with breast or prostate cancer who had one to three sites of painful bone metastases and moderate to severe pain. Patients were randomly assigned to 8 Gy in one treatment fraction (8-Gy arm) or to 30 Gy in 10 treatment fractions (30-Gy arm). Pain relief at 3 months after randomization was evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to compare response to treatment in terms of pain and narcotic relief between the two arms and for each stratification variable. All statistical comparisons were two-sided. RESULTS There were 455 patients in the 8-Gy arm and 443 in the 30-Gy arm; pretreatment characteristics were equally balanced between arms. Grade 2-4 acute toxicity was more frequent in the 30-Gy arm (17%) than in the 8-Gy arm (10%) (difference = 7%, 95% CI = 3% to 12%; P = .002). Late toxicity was rare (4%) in both arms. The overall response rate was 66%. Complete and partial response rates were 15% and 50%, respectively, in the 8-Gy arm compared with 18% and 48% in the 30-Gy arm (P = .6). At 3 months, 33% of all patients no longer required narcotic medications. The incidence of subsequent pathologic fracture was 5% for the 8-Gy arm and 4% for the 30-Gy arm. The retreatment rate was statistically significantly higher in the 8-Gy arm (18%) than in the 30-Gy arm (9%) (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Both regimens were equivalent in terms of pain and narcotic relief at 3 months and were well tolerated with few adverse effects. The 8-Gy arm had a higher rate of re-treatment but had less acute toxicity than the 30-Gy arm.
Design Study Contributions Come in Different Guises: Seven Guiding Scenarios

Design studies are projects in which visualization researchers seek to design visualization tools that help solving challenging real-world problems faced by domain experts. While design studies have become a vital component of visualization research, reflecting on actionable contributions from them often poses challenges. The goal of this paper is to better characterize different contributions that can result from design study projects. Towards this goal, a set of seven guiding scenarios for characterizing design study contributions is proposed. The scenarios are meant to help authors identify and depict design study contributions that are interesting and actionable for other visualization researchers. They are also meant to provide better guidance in evaluating design study contributions in the reviewing process.
The Development of Visuo Spatial Working Memory in Children

The aim of this chapter will be to review the empirical research literature which has examined changes in children’s employment of visual, spatial mnemonic and attentional processes when carrying out short term visuospatial working memory protocols. The chapter will evaluate the extent to which these processes can be effectively differentiated. An element of this consideration will be to ask whether such a focus directs research and conceptual attention away from working memory as an integrated system, where within a typical short term memory context, the child may bring multiple resources towards successful task performance. The review of the research literature will be embedded within the major theoretical accounts put forward to account for working memory development in children, multiple resources accounts, e.g., Baddeley (1986, 2007), Logie (1995, 2011); the embedded process account, Cowan (1988, 1999) and Oberauer’s qualification of this account (Oberauer & Hein, 2011); the continuum model postulated by Cornoldi and colleagues, Cornoldi & Vecchi (2003); and the time-based resourcesharing account of Barrouillet and colleagues (2004, 2009).
Pre-existing do-not-resuscitate orders are not associated with increased postoperative morbidity at 30 days in surgical patients*

Objective:To assess the relationship between pre-existing do-not-resuscitate orders and the incidence of postoperative 30-day minor morbidity in surgical patients. Design:Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database in patients undergoing general surgical procedures between 2005 and 2008. Setting:All U.S. hospitals that participated in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, which is the nationally validated, risk-adjusted, outcomes-based program that uses a prospective, peer-controlled, validated database to quantify 30-day risk-adjusted surgical outcomes, allowing valid comparison of outcomes among all hospitals in the program. Interventions:American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data included preoperative risk factors, intraoperative variables, and 30-day postoperative mortality and morbidity outcomes for patients undergoing major surgical procedures in both the inpatient and outpatient setting. The data were collected, validated, and submitted by a trained Surgical Clinical Reviewer at each site. Association between do-not-resuscitate status and minor and major morbidities was assessed using proportional hazards models adjusting for death as a competing risk. Measurements and Main Results:Of 635,265 patients in the database, 576,745 patients were analyzed. Propensity-matched analysis successfully matched 2,199 (of 2,687 [81.8%]) patients having pre-existing do-not-resuscitate orders (DNR group) with 6,002 non-do-not-resuscitate control subjects (nonDNR group). At any time point within 30 days of surgery, DNR patients were 16% (95% confidence interval, 3–28%; p = .02) less likely to have a minor complication as compared with nonDNR patients after accounting for the competing risk of death. DNR patients were more likely to experience 30-day mortality compared with nonDNR patients (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–2.7; p < .001). However, there was no association between pre-existing do-not-resuscitate orders and occurrence of any major complication (p = .65) treating death as a competing risk event. When associations between do-not-resuscitate orders and individual minor complications were analyzed, a pre-existing do-not-resuscitate order remained independently associated only with decreased odds of superficial surgical site infection (p = .001). Conclusions:Undergoing surgery with a pre-existing do-not-resuscitate order did not increase the risk of having a postoperative minor or major morbidity at any time within the 30-day postoperative period. Results of health care in U.S. hospitals do not differ based on presence of do-not-resuscitate orders.
Re-examination of the "3/4-law" of metabolism.

We examine the scaling law B is proportional to M(alpha)which connects organismal resting metabolic rate B with organismal mass M, where alpha is commonly held to be 3/4. Since simple dimensional analysis suggests alpha = 2/3, we consider this to be a null hypothesis testable by empirical studies. We re-analyse data sets for mammals and birds compiled by Heusner, Bennett and Harvey, Bartels, Hemmingsen, Brody, and Kleiber, and find little evidence for rejecting alpha = 2/3 in favor of alpha = 3/4. For mammals, we find a possible breakdown in scaling for larger masses reflected in a systematic increase in alpha. We also review theoretical justifications of alpha = 3/4 based on dimensional analysis, nutrient-supply networks, and four-dimensional biology. We find that present theories for alpha = 3/4 require assumptions that render them unconvincing for rejecting the null hypothesis that alpha = 2/3.
CRYSTAL: Inducing a Conceptual Dictionary

One of the central knowledge sources of an information extraction (IE) system IS a dictionary of linguistic patterns that can be used to identify references to relevant information in a text Automatic creation of conceptual dictionaries is important for portability and scalability of an IE system This paper describes CRYSTAL, a system which automatically induces a dictionary of "concept-node definitions" sufficient to identify relevant information from a training corpus Each of these concept-node definitions is generalized as far as possible without producing errors, so that a minimum number of dictionary entries cover the positive training instances Because it tests the accuracy of each proposed definition, CRYSTAL can often surpass human intuitions in creating reliable extraction rules.
How Parents Communicate Right and Wrong: A Study of Memorable Moral Messages Recalled by Emerging Adults

The family communication process through which emerging adults form their moral outlook is examined through the lenses of Negotiated Morality Theory and Vygotskian Developmental Theory. Analyses were performed on the context, content, and type of 470 memorable messages reported by 303 emerging adults. Results indicated that messages were spontaneously delivered rather than planned, communicated at home, and received at around 16 years of age. Messages most often concerned relational ethics, self-honoring, honesty/fraudulence, careless/harmful acts, and personal qualities. Eleven distinct forms of communication were used by parents, including forecasting the future, empathy-enhancing, virtue-prioritizing, commanding, and identity-making. As expected, the nature of the messages varied by the gender of the parent and the age of the child at the time of the message. Parental messages appear to be influential as young adults negotiate cultural, religious, and peer sources of morality. Implications for parents and moral educators are explored.
Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis: Network Models and Methods for Studying the Diffusion of Innovations

Introduction Diffusion of innovations theory attempts to explain how new ideas and practices spread within and between communities. The theory has its roots in anthropology, economics, geography, sociology, and marketing, among other disciplines (Hagerstrand 1967; Robertson 1971; Brown 1981; Rogers 2003), and has in some ways been adapted from epidemiology (e.g., Bailey 1975; Morris 1993). The premise, confirmed by empirical research, is that new ideas and practices spread through interpersonal contacts largely consisting of interpersonal communication (Ryan and Gross 1943; Beal and Bohlen 1955; Katz, Levine, and Hamilton 1963; Rogers 1995; Valente 1995; Valente and Rogers 1995). In their pioneering study, Ryan and Gross (1943) laid the groundwork for the diffusion paradigm by showing that, among other things, social factors rather than economic ones were important influences on adoption (Valente and Rogers 1995). Hundreds of diffusion studies were conducted in the 1950s and early 1960s to examine the diffusion process in more detail across a variety of settings (Rogers 2003). Many studies sought to understand how information created in government or otherwise sponsored programs could be disseminated more effectively. Diffusion research peaked in the early 1960s, but has been reinvigorated more recently with the advent of more sophisticated network models and technology making it possible to study the diffusion process more explicitly. Most diffusion studies focus on trying to understand the factors that lead some members of a population to adopt a new idea and others do not.