Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease in Mouse without Mutant Protein Overexpression: Cooperative and Independent Effects of Aβ and Tau

Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, has two pathological hallmarks: Aβ plaques and aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Aβ is a cleavage product of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP). Presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) are the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase, which cleaves APP and mediates Aβ production. Genetic mutations in APP, PSEN1 or PSEN2 can lead to early onset of familial AD (FAD). Although mutations in the tau encoding gene MAPT leads to a subtype of frontotemporal dementia and these mutations have been used to model AD tauopathy, no MAPT mutations have been found to be associated with AD. Results To model AD pathophysiology in mice without the gross overexpression of mutant transgenes, we created a humanized AD mouse model by crossing the APP and PSEN1 FAD knock-in mice with the htau mice which express wildtype human MAPT genomic DNA on mouse MAPT null background (APP/PS1/htau). The APP/PS1/htau mice displayed mild, age-dependent, Aβ plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation, thus successfully recapitulating the late-onset AD pathological hallmarks. Selected biochemical analyses, including p-tau western blot, γ-secretase activity assay, and Aβ ELISA, were performed to study the interaction between Aβ and p-tau. Subsequent behavioral studies revealed that the APP/PS1/htau mice showed reduced mobility in old ages and exaggerated fear response. Genetic analysis suggested that the fear phenotype is due to a synergic interaction between Aβ and p-tau, and it can be completely abolished by tau deletion. Conclusion The APP/PS1/htau model represents a valuable and disease-relevant late-onset pre-clinical AD animal model because it incorporates human AD genetics without mutant protein overexpression. Analysis of the mice revealed both cooperative and independent effects of Aβ and p-tau.
Feature Space Trajectory Representation for Active

A new feature space trajectory (FST) description of 3-D distorted views of an object is advanced for active vision applications. In an FST, diierent distorted object views are vertices in feature space. A new eigen-feature space and Fourier transform features are used. Vertices for diierent adjacent distorted views are connected by straight lines so that an FST is created as the viewpoint changes. Each diierent object is represented by a distinct FST. An object to be recognized is represented as a point in feature space; the closest FST denotes the class of the object, and the closest line segment on the FST indicates its pose. A new neural network is used to eeciently calculate distances. We discuss its uses in active vision. Apart from an initial estimate of object class and pose, the FST processor can specify where to move the sensor to: connrm class and pose, to grasp the object, or to focus on a speciic object part for assembly or inspection. We advance initial remarks on the number of aspect views needed and which aspect views are needed to represent an object.
Dark Matter Annihilation in the light of EGRET, HEAT, WMAP, INTEGRAL and ROSAT

The ROSAT Galactic wind observations confirm that our Galaxy launches supernova driven Galactic winds with wind speeds of about 150 km/s in the Galactic plane. Galactic winds of this strength are incompatible with current isotropic models for Cosmic Ray transport. In order to reproduce our local CRs in the presence of Galactic winds, charged CRs are required to be much more localized than in the standard isotropic GALPROP models. This requires that anisotropic diffusion is the dominant diffusion mode in the interstellar medium, particularly that the diffusion in the disk and in the halo are different. In addition small scale phenomena such as trapping by molecular cloud complexes and the structure of our local environment might influence the secondary CR production rate and our local CR density gradients. We introduce an anisotropic convection driven transport model (aCDM) which is consistent with the Galactic wind observations by ROSAT. This also explains the large bulge/disk ratio as observed by INTEGRAL. Furthermore such models predict an increase in the $e^+/(e^++e^-)$-fraction as observed by PAMELA and HEAT, if the synchrotron constraints in the 408 MHz and WMAP range are taken into account. No additional contribution from Dark Matter is required. The aCDM is able to explain the absence of a positron annihilation signal from molecular clouds as observed by INTEGRAL by virtue of a mechanism which confines and isotropizes CRs between MCs. We find that the EGRET excess of diffuse $\gamma$-rays currently cannot be explained by astrophysical effects in this type of model and that the interpretation of the EGRET excess as Dark Matter annihilation is perfectly consistent with all observational constraints from local CR fluxes and synchrotron radiation.
Inflammasome-IL-1β Signaling Mediates Ethanol Inhibition of Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis is poorly understood, but appears to contribute to mood and cognition. Ethanol and neuroinflammation are known to reduce neurogenesis. We have found that ethanol induces neuroinflammation supporting the hypothesis that ethanol induction of neuroinflammation contributes to ethanol inhibition of neurogenesis. To identify the key proinflammatory molecule that may be responsible for ethanol-impaired neurogenesis we used an ex vivo model of organotypic hippocampal-entorhinal cortex brain slice cultures. Here, we demonstrated a key role of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β signaling in mediating ethanol inhibition of neurogenesis. Ethanol inhibition of neurogenesis was reversed by neutralizing antibody to IL-1β or blockade of the IL-1β receptor with antagonist IL-1RIa. Ethanol-impaired neurogenesis is associated with strong induction of IL-1β and inflammasome proteins NALP1 and NALP3 in both neurons and astrocytes. Blockade of IL-1β synthesis with inflammasome inhibitors Parthenolide and Bay11708 significantly reversed ethanol inhibited neurogenesis. Furthermore, we also found that IL-1β and inflammasome proteins NALP1 and NALP3 are increased in hippocampal neurons and astrocytes in postmortem alcoholic human brain. Together, these novel findings demonstrate that targeting inflammasome-IL-1β signaling can normalize ethanol-impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, which may have therapeutic implications for treatment of cognitive impairment associated with hippocampal dysfunction in alcoholics.
Characteristics of Beverage Consumption Habits among a Large Sample of French Adults: Associations with Total Water and Energy Intakes

Background: Adequate hydration is a key factor for correct functioning of both cognitive and physical processes. In France, public health recommendations about adequate total water intake (TWI) only state that fluid intake should be sufficient, with particular attention paid to hydration for seniors, especially during heatwave periods. The objective of this study was to calculate the total amount of water coming from food and beverages and to analyse characteristics of consumption in participants from a large French national cohort. Methods: TWI, as well as contribution of food and beverages to TWI was assessed among 94,939 adult participants in the Nutrinet-Santé cohort (78% women, mean age 42.9 (SE 0.04)) using three 24-h dietary records at baseline. Statistical differences in water intakes across age groups, seasons and day of the week were assessed. Results: The mean TWI was 2.3 L (Standard Error SE 4.7) for men and 2.1 L (SE 2.4) for women. A majority of the sample did comply with the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adequate intake recommendation, especially women. Mean total energy intake (EI) was 1884 kcal/day (SE 1.5) (2250 kcal/day (SE 3.6) for men and 1783 kcal/day (SE 1.5) for women). The contribution to the total EI from beverages was 8.3%. Water was the most consumed beverage, followed by hot beverages. The variety score, defined as the number of different categories of beverages consumed during the three 24-h records out of a maximum of 8, was positively correlated with TWI (r = 0.4); and with EI (r = 0.2), suggesting that beverage variety is an indicator of higher consumption of food and drinks. We found differences in beverage consumptions and water intakes according to age and seasonality. Conclusions: The present study gives an overview of the water intake characteristics in a large population of French adults. TWI was found to be globally in line with public health recommendations.
Latent semantic linking over homogeneous repositories

We present a framework for the automatic generation of links based on salient semantic structures extracted from homogeneous web repositories, and discuss an imple-mentation of the framework. For this study, we consider homogeneous the repositories of the eClass, an instrumented environment that automatically captures details of a lecture and provides effective multimedia-enhanced web-based in-terfaces for users to review the lecture, and the CoWeb, a web-based service for collaborative authoring of web-based material. We exploited Latent Semantic Analysis over data indexed by a general public license search engine. We exper-imented our service with data from a graduate course sup-ported by both eClass and CoWeb repositories. We present the results of the Latent Semantic Analysis linking service in the light of results previously obtained with our previous works.
Carbon‐isotopic analysis of microbial cells sorted by flow cytometry

One of the outstanding current problems in both geobiology and environmental microbiology is the quantitative analysis of in situ microbial metabolic activities. Techniques capable of such analysis would have wide application, from quantifying natural rates of biogeochemical cycling to identifying the metabolic activity of uncultured organisms. We describe here a method that represents one step towards that goal, namely the high‐precision measurement of 13C in specific populations of microbial cells that are purified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Sorted cells are concentrated on a Teflon membrane filter, and their 13C content is measured by coupling an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with a home‐built spooling wire microcombustion (SWiM) apparatus. The combined instrumentation provides measurements of δ13C in whole cells with precision better than 0.2‰ for samples containing as little as 25 ng of carbon. When losses associated with sample handling are taken into account, isotopic analyses require sorting roughly 104 eukaryotic or 107 bacterial cells per sample. Coupled with 13C‐labelled substrate additions, this approach has the potential to directly quantify uptake of metabolites in specific populations of sorted cells. The high precision afforded by SWiM‐IRMS also permits useful studies of natural abundance variations in 13C. The approach is equally applicable to specific populations of cells sorted from multicellular organisms.
An observational study of two rehabilitation strategies for patients with chronic pain, focusing on sick leave at one-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE To follow up 2 rehabilitation strategies for patients with chronic pain: a 2-day interdisciplinary team assessment followed by either (i) a 4-week outpatient multimodal rehabilitation programme, or (ii) a subsequent rehabilitation plan. METHODS After a 2-day interdisciplinary team assessment at our pain rehabilitation clinic, 296 consecutive patients were selected to undergo either multimodal rehabilitation programme (n = 76) or rehabilitation plan (n = 220). They completed questionnaires regarding beliefs about the future (only at assessment), Multidimensional Pain Inventory and sick leave, both at assessment, and at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Both the rehabilitation plan and multimodal rehabilitation programme groups improved significantly as regards decreased sick leave and the Multidimensional Pain Inventory scales Pain severity, Interference, and Support. The multimodal rehabilitation programme group also improved significantly regarding Life control and Affective distress. For men, low disability level and for women a positive expectation about work was associated with no sick leave at follow-up. CONCLUSION The multimodal rehabilitation programme had long-term positive effects on sick leave and all Multidimensional Pain Inventory scales. However, a less intense intervention (rehabilitation plan) with follow-up in primary care can decrease levels of sick leave and improve some Multidimensional Pain Inventory scales. An interdisciplinary team assessment of patients with chronic pain seems to be useful for selecting which patients should undergo different rehabilitation interventions.
Twig2Stack: bottom-up processing of generalized-tree-pattern queries over XML documents

Tree pattern matching is one of the most fundamental tasks for XML query processing. Holistic twig query processing techniques [4, 16] have been developed to minimize the intermediate results, namely, those root-to-leaf path matches that are not in the final twig results. However, useless path matches cannot be completely avoided, especially when there is a parent-child relationship in the twig query. Furthermore, existing approaches do not consider the fact that in practice, in order to process XPath or XQuery statements, a more powerful form of twig queries, namely, Generalized-Tree-Pattern (GTP) [8] queries, is required. Most existing works on processing GTP queries generally calls for costly post-processing for eliminating redundant data and/or grouping of the matching results.In this paper, we first propose a novel hierarchical stack encoding scheme to compactly represent the twig results. We introduce Twig2Stack, a bottom-up algorithm for processing twig queries based on this encoding scheme. Then we show how to efficiently enumerate the query results from the encodings for a given GTP query. To our knowledge, this is the first GTP matching solution that avoids any post path-join, sort, duplicate elimination and grouping operations. Extensive performance studies on various data sets and queries show that the proposed Twig2Stack algorithm not only has better twig query processing performance than state-of-the-art algorithms, but is also capable of efficiently processing the more complex GTP queries.
Multi-document Summarization by Creating Synthetic Document Vector Based on Language Model

Multi-document summarization is to create summaries covering the major information that multiple documents tell in common. For this point, the existing methods are based on hand-crafted features for word and sentence. However, it is difficult to figure out the core contents of each document with the hand-crafted features because they have the limited information presented the given documents. Moreover, there exists a limit to figure out the major information because documents with the same meaning used to be paraphrased depending on their writers. Therefore, it is necessary to represent the semantic meanings of documents as well as sentences through understanding natural language. In this paper, we propose a new multi-document summarization system by creating a synthetic document vector covering the whole documents based on Language Model, whose is well-known for learning the semantic features in text. We experimented with DUC 2004 dataset provided by Document Understanding Conference (DUC) and the results show that our method summarizes multiple documents effectively based on their core contents.
VLSI Implementation of an Adaptive Noise Canceller

Adaptive Noise cancelling is a speech-specific filtering technique to suppress additive interference. It is a sensible choice for speech-orientated devices in situations where the designer has no knowledge of the properties of interference that could potentially corrupt the input speech to a point beyond intelligibility. A good example of devices subject to such noise is mobile telephones, where the user may be communicating in a variety of environments. However, constraints appear when implementing a noise-cancelling algorithm on such a portable device, and issues of power consumption and silicon area become prominent. This paper discusses an adaptive noise cancelling scheme and presents a VLSI implementation strategy. It then considers some of the benefits of the implementation and its potential area for improvement.
Zygosity Determination in Hairless Mice by PCR Based on Hrhr Gene Analysis

We analyzed the Hr gene of a hairless mouse strain of unknown origin (HR strain, http://animal.nibio.go.jp/e_hr.html) to determine whether the strain shares a mutation with other hairless strains, such as HRS/J and Skh:HR-1, both of which have an Hrhr allele. Using PCR with multiple pairs of primers designed to amplify multiple overlapping regions covering the entire Hr gene, we found an insertion mutation in intron 6 of mutant Hr genes in HR mice. The DNA sequence flanking the mutation indicated that the mutation in HR mice was the same as that of Hrhr in the HRS/J strain. Based on the sequence, we developed a genotyping method using PCR to determine zygosities. Three primers were designed: S776 (GGTCTCGCTGGTCCTTGA), S607 (TCTGGAACCAGAGTGACAGACAGCTA), and R850 (TGGGCCACCATGGCCAGATTTAACACA). The S776 and R850 primers detected the Hrhr allele (275-bp amplicon), and S607 and R850 identified the wild-type Hr allele (244-bp amplicon). Applying PCR using these three primers, we confirmed that it is possible to differentiate among homozygous Hrhr (longer amplicons only), homozygous wild-type Hr(shorter amplicons only), and heterozygous (both amplicons) in HR and Hos:HR-1 mice. Our genomic analysis indicated that the HR, HRS/J, and Hos:HR-1 strains, and possibly Skh:HR-1 (an ancestor of Hos:HR-1) strain share the same Hrhr gene mutation. Our genotyping method will facilitate further research using hairless mice, and especially immature mice, because pups can be genotyped before their phenotype (hair coat loss) appears at about 2 weeks of age.
Reflective Writing Skills of Undergraduate Medical Students

Reflective writing skills is linked to lifelong learning. There are still few studies about reflective writing skills of undergraduate medical students in Indonesia, so it is necessary to investigate the reflective writing skills of undergraduate medical students. A qualitative design using content analysis method was conducted at Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University on June-August 2016. Written reflections (156) were taken from 54 third year medical students in Jogjakarta, Indonesia using random sampling technique. Every group of student encountered different problems in community as the trigger to write reflective tasks about their experiences when interacting with community. Every student has to write a reflection in three occasions, at the beginning of the program, after the first meeting with the mentor, and at the end of the program. Students’ reflective writing were analyzed by three coders using a REFLECT criteria to investigate the level of reflection. 33.3% of students at 1st level (habitual action), 48.2% reached 2nd level (thoughtful action), and 18.5% reached 3rd level (reflection). The ability of undergraduate medical student in reflective writing skills were in the range of 1st to 3rd level, of 4 levels. It is concluded that undergraduate medical students require more training in writing a critical reflection.
An interference removal technique for radio pulsar searches

Searches for radio pulsars are becoming increasingly difficult because of a rise in impulsive man-made terrestrial radio-frequency interference. Here, we present a new technique, zero dispersion measure filtering, which can significantly reduce the effects of such signals in pulsar search data. The technique has already been applied to a small portion of the data from the Parkes multi-beam pulsar survey, resulting in the discovery of four new pulsars, so illustrating its efficacy.
Frequency Allocation in Dynamic Environment of Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Stochastic Game

We investigate distributed frequency allocation problem in dynamic environment of cognitive radio (CR) networks with a stochastic game (SG) model. Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms, as the primary online strategy learning algorithms of SG game, are not suitable for the application of wireless communication. Hence, a new MARL algorithm, maximizing the average Q function algorithm (MAQ), is proposed in this article. MAQ not only reduces the intercommunications but also realizes indirect coordination among agents. Simulation results show the learning efficiency of MAQ which is close to that of centric learning method.
Learning-based robot control with localized sparse online Gaussian process

In recent years, robots have been increasingly utilized in applications with complex unknown environments, which makes system modeling challenging. In order to meet the demand from such applications, an experience-based learning approach can be used. In this paper, a novel learning algorithm is proposed, which can learn an unknown system model from given data iteratively using a localization approach to manage the computational costs for real time applications. The algorithm segments the data domain by measuring significance of data. As case studies, the proposed algorithm is tested on the control of the mecanum-wheeled robot and in learning the inverse kinematics of a kinematically-redundant manipulator. As the result, the algorithm achieves the on-line system model learning for real time robotics applications.
Non contiguous-finished genome sequence and description of Peptoniphilus obesi sp. nov.

Peptoniphilus obesi strain ph1T sp. nov., is the type strain of P. obesi sp. nov., a new species within the genus Peptoniphilus. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the fecal flora of a 26-year-old woman suffering from morbid obesity. P. obesi strain ph1T is a Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic coccus. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 1,774,150 bp long genome (1 chromosome but no plasmid) contains 1,689 protein-coding and 29 RNA genes, including 5 rRNA genes.