Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The concept of collaborative health

Based on empirical research about teamwork in human service organizations in Sweden, the concept of collaborative health (CH) encapsulates the physical, psychological and social health resources the individual uses in teamwork; resources which at the same time are influenced by the teamwork. My argument built on empirical research leading up to identifying and defining the core concept in this article, is that teamwork affects team members' health and this in turn affects the teamwork and its outcome. In this paper collaborative health is viewed from a social constructionism perspective and discussed in relation to earlier concepts developed in social psychology and working life research, including psychosocial stress and burnout. The paper also introduces the concept of functional synergy, which in this context is defined as the simultaneous presence of sharp goal-orientation and synergy in teamwork. The need for a holistic team theory is emphasized as a tool in research on teamwork. Such a theory relies on identifying sound and illuminating constituent concepts. I suggest that collaborative health could be a useful concept for better understanding the complex collaborative and co-operative teamwork of human service organizations of today.
Search strategies in decision making: the success of “success”

Examination of search strategies has tended to focus on choices determined by decision makers' personal preferences among relevant cues, and not on learning cue-criterion relationships. We present an empirical and rational analysis of cue search for environments with objective criteria. In such environments, cues can be evaluated on the basis of three properties: validity (the probability that a cue identifies the correct choice if cue values differ between alternatives); discrimination rate (the proportion of occasions on which a cue has differing values); and success (the expected proportion of correct choices when only that cue can be used). Our experiments show that though there is a high degree of individual variability, success is a key determinant of search. Furthermore, a rational analysis demonstrates why success-directed search is the most adaptive strategy in many circumstances. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Keldysh theory of spin torques

We present a microscopic treatment of current-induced torques and thermal fluctuations in itinerant ferromagnets based on a functional formulation of the Keldysh formalism. We find that the nonequilibrium magnetization dynamics is governed by a stochastic Landau-Lifschitz-Gilbert equation with spin-transfer torques. We calculate the Gilbert damping parameter $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and the nonadiabatic spin transfer torque parameter $\ensuremath{\beta}$ for a model ferromagnet. We find that $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\ne}\ensuremath{\alpha}$, in agreement with the results obtained using imaginary-time methods of Kohno et al. [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 75, 113706 (2006)]. We comment on the relationship between $s\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ and isotropic-Stoner toy models of ferromagnetism and more realistic density-functional-theory models, and on the implications of these relationships for predictions of the $\ensuremath{\beta}∕\ensuremath{\alpha}$ ratio which plays a central role in domain-wall motion. Only for a single-parabolic-band isotropic-Stoner model with an exchange splitting that is small compared to the Fermi energy does $\ensuremath{\beta}∕\ensuremath{\alpha}$ approach 1. In addition, our microscopic formalism naturally incorporates the fluctuations needed in a nonzero-temperature description of the magnetization. We find that to first order in the applied electric field, the usual form of thermal fluctuations via a phenomenological stochastic magnetic field holds.
THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF PEPINO ( SOLANUM MURICATUM ) CULTIVATED IN THE ÇANAKKALE REGION , TURKEY

Pepino (Solanum muricatum) also known as pepino dulce or pear melon is a plant that is originally grown in South America, mainly for its juicy fruits. Recently, pepino is successfully cultivated not only in South and North America, but also in Australia, Europe, Asia and the Middle East countries such as Turkey. In Turkey, the pepino crops were found to be well adapted to grow well and with high productivity. The fruits of pepino are preferred not only due to their attractiveness because of colorful appearance, taste and juiciness but also due to their medicinal significance. Therefore, in this study, the antioxidant capacity of the ripe fresh pepino fruits cultivated in the region of Çanakkale was determined by using the free radical 1,1’diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. For this purpose the methanolic and hexane extracts of the ripe pepino fruits were prepared. Furthermore, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the pepino fruits were compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol. The % inhibition level of the methanolic extract (96.46±0.53) was found to be similar to that of BHT, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, while the hexane extract of the pepino fruits (74.46±0.38) exhibited significantly lower % inhibition levels. Furthermore, the methanolic extracts of pepino showed very good EC50 inhibition values (defined as the concentration of the compounds that was able to inhibit 50 % of the total DPPH radicals) (41.79±0.12 μg/mL).
Non-binary Successive Approximation Analog-to-Digital Converters: A Survey

Low-power successive-approximation (SA) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are attracting increasing attention these days in biomedical and sensor network applications. The binary search algorithm is one of the basic idea behind how they obtain a binary code representing an analog input. In practice, the imperfectness of analog circuit elements sometimes results in decision errors and decreases the resolution of A/D conversion. Thus, making accurate decisions using imperfect elements is a big challenge. This paper surveys one solution known as non-binary SA with redundancy as well as related topics and its application to state-of-the-art SA ADCs.
Properties of the penicillin-binding proteins of four species of the genus Bacteroides

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) of four species of the genus Bacteroides were examined in cell envelope preparations from exponentially growing cultures and intact cells. Upon examination by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, three major high-molecular-weight PBPs (molecular weight, 58,000 to 82,000) were resolved, and low-molecular-weight PBPs were seen in all strains except Bacteroides fragilis. The sporadic appearance of PBP 4 in B. fragilis (molecular weight, approximately 45,000) was shown not to be influenced by the concentration of free iron available in the medium or by the stage of growth at which the batch culture was harvested. No PBP that was inhibited by an aerobic environment was demonstrated. The affinity of 35 beta-lactam antibiotics for the PBPs from envelope preparations was examined and correlated with the morphological response. Most compounds bound initially to PBP 2 and then PBP 1, correlating with a primary response of filamentation and then spheroplasting and lysis. Compounds such as clavulanic acid bound to PBP 3 at concentrations causing round cells. Based on the data from this study, it is proposed that the three high-molecular-weight PBPs of Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides ovatus correlate to the three high-molecular-weight PBPs of Escherichia coli and that the PBPs of Bacteroides species perform the same enzymic role in cell wall biosynthesis as their counterparts in E. coli. Therefore, the components of PBP 1 are involved in cell elongation, PBP 2 is involved in septum formation, and PBP 3 is involved in maintenance of cell shape (i.e., PBP 2 in Bacteroides spp. = PBP 3 in E. coli, and PBP 3 in Bacteroides spp. = BPB 2 in E. coli).
Short-Term Effects of Gaseous Pollutants on Cause-Specific Mortality in Wuhan, China

Abstract In Asia, limited studies have been published on the association between daily mortality and gaseous pollutants of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Our previous studies in Wuhan, China, demonstrated long-term air pollution effects. However, no study has been conducted to determine mortality effects of air pollution in this region. This study was to determine the acute mortality effects of the gaseous pollutants in Wuhan, a city with 7.5 million permanent residents during the period from 2000 to 2004. There are approximately 4.5 million residents in Wuhan who live in the city’s core area of 201 km2, where air pollution levels are highest, and pollution ranges are wider than the majority of the cities in the published literature. We used the generalized additive model to analyze pollution, mortality, and covariate data. We found consistent NO2effects on mortality with the strongest effects on the same day. Every 10-μg/m3increase in NO2daily concentration on the same day was associated with an increase in nonaccidental (1.43%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–1.99%), cardiovascular (1.65%; 95% CI: 0.87–2.45%), stroke (1.49%; 95% CI: 0.56–2.43%), cardiac (1.77%; 95% CI: 0.44–3.12%), respiratory (2.23%; 95% CI: 0.52–3.96%), and cardiopulmonary mortality (1.60%; 95% CI: 0.85– 2.35%). These effects were stronger among the elderly than among the young. Formal examination of exposure-response curves suggests no-threshold linear relationships between daily mortality and NO2, where the NO2concentrations ranged from 19.2 to 127.4 μg/m3. SO2and O3were not associated with daily mortality. The exposure-response relationships demonstrated heterogeneity, with some curves showing nonlinear relationships for SO2and O3. We conclude that there is consistent evidence of acute effects of NO2on mortality and suggest that a no-threshold linear relationship exists between NO2and mortality.
Torque ripple reduction of permanent magnet synchronous motor with non-sinusoidal back emf using a modified and simplified current optimization technique

This paper presents a multiple reference frame method to reduce torque ripple in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) regarding non-sinusoidal back emf. It has been proved that back emf 3rd harmonic component does not interfere in torque characteristic of the motor with Y-connected windings with floating neutral point. Considering this fact, currents are optimized through a new approach, eliminating back-emf third harmonic component effect. Optimized current components are regulated through PI controllers which guaranty the desired convergence. Results have been investigated through simulations in Matlab/Simulink.
Development of a mariner-Based Transposon for Use in Sorangium cellulosum

ABSTRACT In order to generate marked insertions in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, a transposon based on the eukaryotic mariner transposon was developed. The transposition frequency was increased with the use of a mutated tnp gene. The transposon randomly inserts into the chromosome, as demonstrated by targeted mutagenesis of the epoK gene.
Conformation of the substrate and pterin cofactor bound to human tryptophan hydroxylase. Important role of Phe313 in substrate specificity.

Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) carries out the 5-hydroxylation of L-Trp, which is the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of serotonin. We have prepared and characterized a stable N-terminally truncated form of human TPH that includes the catalytic domain (Delta90TPH). We have also determined the conformation and distances to the catalytic non-heme iron of both L-Trp and the tetrahydrobiopterin cofactor analogue L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2) bound to Delta90TPH by using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The bound conformers of the substrate and the pterin were then docked into the modeled three-dimensional structure of TPH. The resulting ternary TPH-BH2-L-Trp structure is very similar to that previously determined by the same methods for the complex of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) with BH2 and L-Phe [Teigen, K. , et al. (1999) J. Mol. Biol. 294, 807-823]. In the model, L-Trp binds to the enzyme through interactions with Arg257, Ser336, His272, Phe318, and Phe313, and the ring of BH2 interacts mainly with Phe241 and Glu273. The distances between the hydroxylation sites at C5 in L-Trp and C4a in the pterin, i.e., 6.1 +/- 0.4 A, and from each of these sites to the iron, i.e., 4.1 +/- 0.3 and 4.4 +/- 0.3 A, respectively, are also in agreement with the formation of a transient iron-4a-peroxytetrahydropterin in the reaction, as proposed for the other hydroxylases. The different conformation of the dihydroxypropyl chain of BH2 in PAH and TPH seems to be related to the presence of nonconserved residues, i.e., Tyr235 and Pro238 in TPH, at the cofactor binding site. Moreover, Phe313, which seems to interact with the substrate through ring stacking, corresponds to a Trp residue in both tyrosine hydroxylase and PAH (Trp326) and appears to be an important residue for influencing the substrate specificity in this family of enzymes. We show that the W326F mutation in PAH increases the relative preference for L-Trp as the substrate, while the F313W mutation in TPH increases the preference for L-Phe, possibly by a conserved active site volume effect.
Burnt mounds: cooking or bathing?

Burnt mounds, found across northern Europe, are especially frequent in Ireland. Here a new review of the Irish evidence is presented, and issue is taken with Barfield & Hodder's diagnosis, published in ANTIQUITY last year, that the primary function of the burnt mounds was as bathing places.
Hardware-Accelerated Geometry Instancing for Surfel and Voxel Rendering of Scanned 4 D Media

Range scanners based on camera-projector setups permit capturing dynamic objects at high frame rates at affordable costs, producing a time-varying set of points. This paper establishes a 4D media framework for acquiring, compressing and displaying these point clouds, albeit with more emphasis on the rendering aspects. Displaying these point clouds requires techniques capable of alleviating irregularities that are inherent in these low cost high-speed scanners. One of the contributions of this paper is a simple, general surfel splatting method that mitigates these imperfections. Rendering must also react quickly to the volatility of the 4D media dataset and cope with reasonably large quantities of points. To that end, this paper exploits modern features of the graphics hardware, namely geometry amplification and instancing, for efficient streaming and displaying of point clouds as either surfel or voxel primitives. A comparative performance analysis of the investigated strategies is also available.
A Decision Fusion Strategy for Polyp Detection in Capsule Endoscopy

Wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) is now routinely used for non-invasive diagnosis of small bowel diseases. But, it still requires manual assessment of the approximately 50,000 study images. Literature has recently investigated automated methods to detect and analyze various anomalies in CE images to improve reading efficiency and reduce variability. We propose such a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) approach to detect small bowel polyps. For supervised classification of polyps, we investigated fusing multiple statistical classifiers based on color, texture and edge features. The combined boosted classifier when evaluated using 1200 CE images outperformed all individual classifiers and achieved a ~90% classification accuracy.
A Natural History of Celiac Disease: Insights Into the Evolution of Complex Phenotypes

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iv CHAPTER I . 1 General Introduction CHAPTER II . 19 The Pattern of Natural Selection on Celiac Disease Background Risk CHAPTER III . 41 Celiac Disease as a Model for the Evolution of Multifactorial Diseases in Humans. CHAPTER IV . 86 An Ancient Genome Reveals Biases in Allele Age Estimation from Measures of IntraAllelic Variation CHAPTER V . 125 General Discussion APPENDIX . 133
Non-graded curriculum influence on suspensions of African American males: A quantitative study

Schools suspend 28.3% of African American males in traditional middle schools using a graded curriculum compared to 11% of all students (Krezmien, Leone, & Achilles, 2006; Losen & Skiba, 2010; Planty et al., 2009). African American males are more than two and half times more likely to receive a suspension than the average middle school student (Losen & Skiba, 2010). Researchers have consistently found that the disproportionate suspension statistics for African American males are not solely attributed to socioeconomic or other demographic factors (Skiba et al., 2002; Wallace et al., 2009; American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force, 2008). From 1973 to 2006, a timeframe marked by increased focus on zero tolerance and high-stakes testing, African American suspension rates almost tripled (Losen & Skiba, 2010). The perpetuation of the achievement gap, increased dropout rates, and higher prison rates are all distinct characteristics of the increased use of suspensions of African American males (Advancement Project, 2010; Finkel, 2010; Balfanz, Spirikakis, Neild, & Legters, 2003). There is a direct relationship between failing grades and suspensions (Safer, Heaton, & Parker, 1981). Traditional schools using graded curricula are not increasing achievement levels for African American males. Conversely, research suggests alternative grading practices, including non-graded curricula, can increase intrinsic motivation, student engagement, positive student attitudes, academic achievement, and positive behavior (Butler & Nisan, 1986; Kohn, 1994; Linnenbrink & Pintrich, 2003; Cotton, 2000). The purpose of this quantitative, causal-comparative study is to investigate the extent of disproportionality and elevated rate of suspensions among African American males in middle schools with an alternative, non-graded curriculum. The study attempts to establish what, if any, statistically significant difference exists between the independent variable, type of school curriculum assessment, and the dependent variables, suspension proportion and suspension rate. The population of the study consists of middle school African American males in alternative schools using a non-graded curriculum from two different regions of America. The results are meaningful because the data suggests that there is no difference in the proportion of African American males suspended in the alternative setting versus the traditional setting. The results of the study are also encouraging because the data suggests there is a difference in the percentage of African American males suspended in the alternative setting versus the traditional setting. It is the researcher’s belief that high-stakes testing and utilization of graded curricula attribute to the elevated rate of suspensions among African American males. However, there is a need of further research to clarify the contributing factors to the disproportionality of suspensions.
Chelating Properties of Extracellular Polysaccharides from Chlorella spp

Chlorella stigmatophora LB 993 was grown in artificial seawater under controlled conditions. The production of cell wall polysaccharides attached to the cells and dissolved in the growth medium was monitored during algal growth. Preliminary characterization of the dissolved polysaccharides of C. stigmatophora and other Chlorella species is presented. The capacity of dissolved polysaccharides of C. stigmatophora to bind toxic heavy metals was also studied and compared with that of polysaccharides produced by other marine Chlorella species. The differences in metal-complexing capacity observed for dissolved polysaccharides obtained from various Chlorella species is attributable to differences in the composition of the polysaccharides, notably the uronic acids content.
SDN-based scheduling strategy on load balancing of virtual sensor resources in sensor-cloud

Sensor-cloud has recently emerged as a promising technology that provides sensor management approaches and facilitates sensor data sharing by virtualizing the physical sensors on a cloud platform. This framework is a new trend to deploy and execute various smart applications with rapidly changing in the amount of traffic loads. Therefore, it is essential to provide a platform to meet demand variation, while ensuring a given QoS. In this paper, we present a scheduling strategy on load balancing of virtual sensor resources based on Software Defined Networking (SDN). To do that, we propose to model system using queuing model with variable number of virtual sensor instances. Experimental results prove that this method is able to realize load balancing and reasonable resources utilization both in stable and variant system load.
Cultures Dialecticism and the Co-occurrence of Positive and Negative Emotions Across

Emotional complexity (the co-occurrence of positive and negative affect) is more prevalent in East Asian than North American cultures. Although researchers have attributed this robust finding to dialectical thinking (tolerance of contradiction), this hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. In this study, dialectical thinking about salient life events was manipulated among mainland Chinese and Euro-American participants, and increased dialectical thinking led to greater emotional complexity. Moreover, Chinese exhibited greater dialectical thinking and emotional complexity than did Euro-Americans, and cultural differences in emotional complexity were mediated by a direct measure of dialecticism (Dialectical Self Scale).
[Lipid peroxidation in different tissues of rats treated with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine].

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP) (a kind of heterocyclic amines) on lipid peroxidation in the heart, lung, liver and kidney of rats. METHODS Rats were divided into a normal control group and three PhIP groups exposed to different doses of PhIP (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight) by gavage. The indexes of lipid peroxidation were measured 24 hours after gavaging. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in hearts and lungs while were significantly inhibited in livers of rats in PhIP groups at the doses of 10 and 15 mg/kg body weight (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). There was no significant change in kidneys. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the tissues of rats increased with a dose-dependent manner for PhIP exposure. CONCLUSION PhIP could cause lipid peroxidation in the heart, lung, liver and kidney of rats, and such effects were varied in different organs.
Corporate Social Responsibility in a Corporate Governance Framework

We argue that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) may affect the agency relationship inside a firm. We analyze how CSR and the threat of stakeholder activism influence effort of manager and shareholder, and describe how CSR may arise endogenously in this context. By engaging in CSR the shareholder can commit to less monitoring, increase the manager’s effort, and raise profits. Even a socially indifferent shareholder may thus benefit from CSR and prefer to behave socially responsibly. He may even find it optimal to sponsor a social activist, giving it the means to exert pressure.