Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
VPNET: A co-simulation framework for analyzing communication channel effects on power systems

This paper describes a co-simulation framework for analyzing the interactions between advanced power systems and the digital communication networks that are used to monitor and control those systems. This analysis capability is critical to the successful design, verification, and operation of such systems as both the influences from each side will be considered. The framework, named VPNET, harnesses two tools - the Virtual Test Bed (VTB) for dynamic simulation of the multi-physics power system and OPNET for realistic representation of the communications network, including a wide range of protocols. Each part of the VPNET co-simulation framework is explained in detail, including strengths, weaknesses and challenges. The capabilities of VPNET are illustrated through a case study.
Calculation of mutual antenna coupling within rectangular enclosures

We investigate the mutual coupling between dipole antennas that are enclosed by a rectangular, lossy cavity. The analysis is based on standard integral expressions for the mutual coupling that require the solution of coupled Halle/spl acute/n's or Pocklington's equations within the cavity. Numerical solutions are obtained by the method of moments, and by taking advantage of an Ewald representation of the cavity's Green's function together with an interpolation scheme. The results exhibit the dominating influence of cavity resonances on the antenna coupling in the case of simultaneous coupling to a specific mode.
Parasocial Interaction as More Than Friendship

This study supports the refinement of the concept of parasocial interaction (PSI) to apply to mediated personae that viewers might dislike. By contrast, traditional approaches have treated PSI as a sort of friendship with the mediated persona. Participants (N = 249) were randomly assigned to self-select a liked or disliked television persona. Various viewer reactions to that character were measured using two different measures of PSI. The data revealed that participants did experience PSI with disliked characters as well as liked characters, and that the two measures of PSI did not appear to assess the same construct. Implications for future research are discussed.
Broadband compact stacked T-shaped DRA with equilateral-triangle cross sections

A compact T-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with two equilateral-triangle cross sections is investigated in this letter. The DRA is vertically placed on a finite ground plane and excited by a coaxial probe to provide broadband and conical radiation patterns. In order to examine the proposed design, simulations and measurements were employed to investigate the proposed antenna, and a good agreement between them was obtained. The proposed design produces an impedance bandwidth of more than 60% from 1.6 to 3.1GHz, which effectively covers several promising application bands in contemporary wireless communication systems, such as digital communication systems (DCS: 1710-1880MHz), personal communication systems (PCS: 1850-1990MHz), universal mobile telecommunication systems (UMTS: 1920-2170MHz), wireless local area networks (WLANs: 2.4-2.485GHz). Additionally, stable conical patterns were also obtained within the interest frequency band
Growth of perturbations in dark matter coupled with quintessence

We consider the evolution of linear perturbations in models with a nonminimal coupling between dark matter and scalar field dark energy. Growth of matter inhomogeneities in two examples of such models proposed in the literature are investigated in detail. Both of these models are based on a low-energy limit of effective string theory action, and have been previously shown to naturally lead to late acceleration of the universe. However, we find that these models can be ruled out by taking properly into account the impact of the scalar field coupling on the formation of structure in the dark matter density. In particular, when the transition to acceleration in these models begins, the interaction with dark energy enchances the small scale clustering in dark matter much too strongly. We discuss the the role of an effective small scale sound speed in such models with a coupled dark sector.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA): usos e aplicações do método

Este artigo busca apresentar uma alternativa metodologica que surgiu as tecnicas qualitativas e quantitativas tradicionais conhecida como QCA (Qualitative Comparative Analysis). O metodo foi pensado por Ragin (1987) e, desde entao, uma serie de cientistas sociais e politicos no mundo tem lancado mao do metodo na tentativa de compreender fenomenos politicos complexos. No Brasil, no entanto, o uso deste metodo e recente e bastante escasso. Tendo em vista apresentar as potencialidades e os alcances do metodo, este artigo visa apresentar os conceitos basicos, suas principais variantes (crisp-set, multi-value e fuzzy-set), seus potenciais analiticos e possibilidades para o estudo de casos em profundidade.
Principal Component Analysis of Wide-Area Phasor Measurements for Islanding Detection—A Geometric View

This paper presents a new technique for the detection of islanding conditions in electrical power systems. This problem is especially prevalent in systems with significant penetrations of distributed renewable generation. The proposed technique is based on the application of principal component analysis (PCA) to data sets of wide-area frequency measurements, recorded by phasor measurement units. The PCA approach was able to detect islanding accurately and quickly when compared with conventional RoCoF techniques, as well as with the frequency difference and change-of-angle difference methods recently proposed in the literature. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed PCA approach is demonstrated by using a number of test cases, which consider islanding and nonislanding events. The test cases are based on real data, recorded from several phasor measurement units located in the U.K. power system.
Human malignant mesothelial cells: Variability of ultrastructural features in established and nude mice transplanted cell lines

The aim of this study was to determine, by transmission electron microscopy, the differentiation features of 21 human malignant mesothelioma cell lines (HMCLs) established from 13 specimens of 12 confirmed human malignant mesotheliomas, and of tumours induced in nude mice injected with 16 HMCLs. Fifty per cent of HMCLs showed typical mesothelial differentiation (long and slender microvilli, desmosomes, perinuclear intermediate filaments); 29 per cent did not show differentiation; and the remainder were poorly differentiated. Three human tumour specimens gave several different HMCLs; the cell lines obtained from a given tumour exhibited variable mesothelial differentiation. Eleven HMCLs were compared with the native tumour. Four were similar to the tumour and seven were less well differentiated, in most cases in relation to their microvilli. With six HMCLs, tumours induced in nude mice were less well differentiated than the corresponding cell lines, whereas with four HMCLs, tumours were equally or better differentiated. However, in most nude mice tumours, typical mesothelial microvilli were present. These results show that cell lines established from malignant mesothelioma may exhibit dedifferentiated features. However, while the variability in ultrastructural differentiation may result from the culture microenvironment, it could also be related to the state of differentiation, of the native tumour sample and to tumour cell heterogeneity.
The Bifunctional Flavokinase/Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide Synthetase from Streptomyces davawensis Produces Inactive Flavin Cofactors and Is Not Involved in Resistance to the Antibiotic Roseoflavin

ABSTRACT Streptomyces davawensis synthesizes the antibiotic roseoflavin, one of the few known natural riboflavin analogs, and is roseoflavin resistant. It is thought that the endogenous flavokinase (EC 2.7.1.26)/flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) synthetase (EC 2.7.7.2) activities of roseoflavin-sensitive organisms are responsible for the antibiotic effect of roseoflavin, producing the inactive cofactors roseoflavin-5′-monophosphate (RoFMN) and roseoflavin adenine dinucleotide (RoFAD) from roseoflavin. To confirm this, the FAD-dependent Sus scrofa d-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) was tested with RoFAD as a cofactor and found to be inactive. It was hypothesized that a flavokinase/FAD synthetase (RibC) highly specific for riboflavin may be present in S. davawensis, which would not allow the formation of toxic RoFMN/RoFAD. The gene ribC from S. davawensis was cloned. RibC from S. davawensis was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. Analysis of the flavokinase activity of RibC revealed that the S. davawensis enzyme is not riboflavin specific (roseoflavin, k cat/Km = 1.7 10−2 μM−1 s−1; riboflavin, k cat/Km = 7.5 10−3 μM−1 s−1). Similar results were obtained for RibC from the roseoflavin-sensitive bacterium Bacillus subtilis (roseoflavin, k cat/Km = 1.3 10−2 μM−1 s−1; riboflavin, k cat/Km = 1.3 10−2 μM−1 s−1). Both RibC enzymes synthesized RoFAD and RoFMN. The functional expression of S. davawensis ribC did not confer roseoflavin resistance to a ribC-defective B. subtilis strain.
Isolation and complete amino acid sequence of osteocalcin from canine bone

Osteocalcin was purified in high yield and to homogeneity from the diaphysis of dog femora by the following steps: (1) acid demineralization of bone powder, (2) solid‐phase extraction of acid‐soluble proteins on Sep‐Pak C18 cartridges, (3) gel filtration on Sephadex G‐50, and (4) fast protein liquid chromatography on an Accell‐QMA anion‐exchange column. Starting from 30 g washed bone powder, approximately 7–10 mg pure protein was obtained in 2 days. The key step is the initial solid‐phase extraction of osteocalcin from a large volume of a demineralized bone solution. The primary structure was established by automated sequence analyses of two tryptic peptides, of two endoproteinase Glu‐C carboxy‐termina) peptides, and of the first 30 amino acid residues of the intact protein. Dog osteocalcin contains 49 amino acids, has a molecular mass of 5654 daltons, contains no Thr, Met, Hyp, or Trp, has a disulfide bond between Cys 23 and 29, and is fully γ‐carboxylated at residues 17, 21, and 24. Dog osteocalcin does not contain a pair of basic amino acids found at positions 43–44 in most other osteocalcins from mammals and birds. A computer search for homology indicated 88, 90, 84, 88, 66, and 57% sequence identity of dog osteocalcin with human, bovine, cat, monkey, chicken, and swordfish osteocalcin, respectively, and weaker homologies with the γ‐carboxylated domains of blood‐clotting proteins and the Pro‐rich N‐terminal extensions of myosin light‐chain A1 and β‐crystalline B1. The possible relevance of these homologies to the structure and potential functions of osteocalcin is discussed.
Evolution temporelle et fréquentielle de l'ECG: analyse battement par battement

Un systeme d'acquisition et de traitement utilisant un PC fournit une analyse battement par battement en temps et en frequence du signal ECG. Un algorithme robuste de detection de l'onde R utilisant la somme ajustee des carres des derivees premiere et seconde et un trigger de Schmitt numerique avec des seuils relativement bas, permet une detection correcte de l'onde R, necessaire au sectionnement de la derivation traitee. Apres une TFD dont l'ordre est lie au rythme cardiaque, nous calculons des parametres caracteristiques du spectre d'amplitude des battements successifs dans la gamme 0-100 Hz, puis determinons des valeurs plus significatives quantifiant les variations du contenu spectral
Understanding stochastic simulations of the smallest genetic networks.

Because genetic networks function with few molecules, such systems are better described by stochastic models than by macroscopic kinetics. Stochastic simulations of a self-regulating gene are compared with analytical solutions of the master equations, showing how the dynamics depends on the average number of proteins in the system, the repression strength, and the relative speed of the binding/unbinding and synthesis/degradation events. Steady-state and transient probability distributions for the toggle switch along with typical trajectories show that strongly repressed systems are better candidates for "good switches. "
Is hyperandrogenemia protective for fibrocystic breast disease in PCOS?

The aim of this study is to evaluate the fibrocystic breast disease rates and its association with different clinical, endocrine and metabolic parameters between main polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes. One hundred thirty two consecutive women were included in the study. Body mass index, serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, fasting glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, insulin, insulin sensitivity and fibrocystic breast disease rates were compared among different phenotypes of PCOS. Group 1: Polycystic ovaries (PCO)-anovulation (n = 32), Group 2: Hyperandrogenemia (HA)-anovulation (n = 28), Group 3: HA-PCO (n = 29), Group 4: HA-PCO-anovulation (n = 43). There were statistically significant differences between the different phenotype groups in terms of waist–hip ratio (p = 0.006), serum LDL-C (p = 0.008), LH (p = 0.002), estradiol (p = 0.022), fasting glucose (p = 0.001), progesterone (p = 0.007), free testosterone levels (p < 0.001) and Ferriman–Gallwey (FG) scores (p < 0.001). Different phenotype groups had significantly different fibrocystic breast disease rates. (p = 0.016). Higher free testosterone >3 pg/dl was protective for fibrocystic disease (RR = 0.316, 95:% CI 0.109–0.912, p = 0.033). Higher FG scores were more protective for fibrocystic disease (RR = 0.005, 95:% CI 0.001–0.042, p < 0.001). Group 3 ovulatory PCOS patients with PCO and hyperandrogenemia phenotype had lower risk to develop fibrocystic disease, while higher rates were observed in group 1 anovulatory-normoandrogenemic PCOS patients. Hyperandrogenemia is protective for fibrocystic diseases in PCOS.
Syllable and Meter in Neural Network generated

Poetry generation in natural language processing (NLP) is a challenging task. In addition to meaning, correct poetry must satisfy grammatical correctness and poeticness. In this research, generating poetry with regard to grammatical correctness using a recurrent neural network (RNN) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) will be evaluated. This is done by using a syllable-level model only, with a corpus of 2442 sonnets. Results, acquired by generating 200 sonnets, yielding ten syllables per line in 46.58% of all cases, show that generating sonnets with a correct syllable count per line is possible. The generated sonnets do not contain a iambic pentameter and rhyme, yielding a result of a correct iambic pentameter in only 6.77% of all cases. Concluded is that, to generate grammatical correct poetry, among a syllable-level model, other models are needed to generate sonnets. Advised is to use — besides a syllablelevel model — a pronunciationand stress-level model.
T-Cell Reactivity During Tapering of Immunosuppression to Low-Dose Monotherapy Prednisolone in HLA-Identical Living-Related Renal Transplant Recipients

Background. In many transplant centers, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical living-related (LR) renal transplant recipients receive standard maintenance immunosuppression from 1 year after transplantation. We questioned whether discontinuation of azathioprine (AZA) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) influenced T-cell reactivity, circulating dendritic cell (DC) subsets numbers and their maturation status. Methods. Twenty-nine HLA-identical LR renal transplant recipients were withdrawn from AZA or MMF. Thereafter, the patients received only prednisolone. T-cell reactivity was determined by interferon-&ggr; (n=23), interleukin (IL)-10 (n=16), and granzyme B (n=10) Elispot assays. Circulating DC subset numbers and their maturation status determined by CCR2, CCR5, CCR7, and CD83 expression were measured by flow cytometry (n=12). Results. The number of donor, third-party, and tetanus toxoid-reactive interferon-&ggr; and granzyme-B producing cells was not affected after withdrawal of immunosuppression. Discontinuation of AZA or MMF resulted in significant increased numbers of third-party (P=0.003) and tetanus toxoid-reactive (P=0.008) IL-10 producing cells, and a trend in higher numbers of donor-reactive IL-10 producing cells (P=0.06). No effect was found on the number of circulating DC subsets, but DC was shifted toward a more mature phenotype. Conclusions. In HLA-identical LR renal transplant recipients, therapy with AZA and MMF suppress the IL-10 production and the maturation of DC. This suggests that these immunosuppressants may hinder suppression of immune responses in general, including allogeneic responses.
Weighted Hardy spaces associated with elliptic operators. Part I: Weighted norm inequalities for conical square functions

This is the first part of a series of three articles. In this paper, we obtain weighted norm inequalities for different conical square functions associated with the Heat and the Poisson semigroups generated by a second order divergence form elliptic operator with bounded complex coefficients. We find classes of Muckenhoupt weights where the square functions are comparable and/or bounded. These classes are natural from the point of view of the ranges where the unweighted estimates hold. In doing that, we obtain sharp weighted change of angle formulas which allow us to compare conical square functions with different cone apertures in weighted Lebesgue spaces. A key ingredient in our proofs is a generalization of the Carleson measure condition which is more natural when estimating the square functions below $p=2$.
A 62.5–625-MHz Anti-Reset All-Digital Delay-Locked Loop

An anti-reset all-digital delay-locked loop (DLL) is presented. When the input clock frequency changes significantly, the dynamic frequency detector re-locks the DLL without any external reset signal. The proposed binary time-to-digital converter (BTDC) reduces effectively the hardware, compared with a conventional TDC. Unlike many previous all-digital DLLs, this one is a closed feedback loop that can track environmental variations. The input frequency range can be operated from 62.5-625 MHz. It spends at most six cycles to synchronize the input and output clocks.
Unexpected panmixia in a long‐lived, deep‐sea fish with well‐defined spawning habitat and relatively low fecundity

The marine environment presents particular challenges for our understanding of the factors that determine gene flow and consequent population structure. For marine fish, various aspects of life history have been considered important in an environment with few physical barriers, but dominated by current patterns, often varying with depth. These factors include the abundance and longevity of larval stages, typically more susceptible to movement along current paths. It also includes adult body size, fecundity and longevity with ‘r‐selected’ species typically thought capable of greater gene flow and consequent panmixia. Here we investigate the population genetics of the orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), a clearly ‘K‐selected’ species with habitat dependence on sea mounts for spawning, relatively large body size, a brief larval stage and relatively low fecundity. We used 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci to test the hypothesis that these characteristics will result in philopatry and genetic structure in the Atlantic Ocean. We discuss possible evolutionary mechanisms that could explain the results, which show the opposite pattern, with effective panmixia across thousands of kilometres in the North Atlantic.
Breeding Strategies for Improving Rice Yield—A Review

An increase in productivity is always one of the main goals of any crop breeding program including rice. However, many goals can be identified for this crop varying in importance from region to region, country to country, and even within a given country. Increase in grain yield potential is the major goal of almost all rice breeders programs. The major impacts are related to the development of new strategies to increase the genetic grain yield potential of the varieties. Rice breeders have been very successful in improving the crop. Some milestones are the contribution to the green revolution with the semi-dwarf varieties, the new rice plant type and hybrid rice. The main breeding method used to improve rice is the pedigree, but development of hybrids and population improvement are added to the breeder’s portfolio. Breeders have been taking advantage of biotechnology tools to enhance their breeding capacity; however, many programs are still struggling on how to integrate them into the breeding programs and how to balance the allocation of resources between conventional and modern tools.
Total variation norm for three-dimensional iterative reconstruction in limited view angle tomography

An iterative Bayesian reconstruction algorithm for limited view angle tomography, or ectomography, based on the three-dimensional total variation (TV) norm has been developed. The TV norm has been described in the literature as a method for reducing noise in two-dimensional images while preserving edges, without introducing ringing or edge artefacts. It has also been proposed as a 2D regularization function in Bayesian reconstruction, implemented in an expectation maximization algorithm (TV-EM). The TV-EM was developed for 2D single photon emission computed tomography imaging, and the algorithm is capable of smoothing noise while maintaining edges without introducing artefacts. The TV norm was extended from 2D to 3D and incorporated into an ordered subsets expectation maximization algorithm for limited view angle geometry. The algorithm, called TV3D-EM, was evaluated using a modelled point spread function and digital phantoms. Reconstructed images were compared with those reconstructed with the 2D filtered backprojection algorithm currently used in ectomography. Results show a substantial reduction in artefacts related to the limited view angle geometry, and noise levels were also improved. Perhaps most important, depth resolution was improved by at least 45%. In conclusion, the proposed algorithm has been shown to improve the perceived image quality.
Utilization and Dissection for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Training in the Residency Program

Objective: To develop an animal cadaver model that would allow residents to learn functional endoscopic sinus surgery as a complementary model. Study Design: Prospective experimental study. Patients and Methods: Two of our first-year residents were included in the study, and each operated on 5 sheep noses. All the routine steps of endoscopic sinus surgery were performed, except for sphenoidotomy, and their success and complication scores were recorded. The residents' performance for maxillary antrostomy, ethmoidectomy, and frontal sinusotomy in sheep cadaver noses were evaluated by the authors. Predissection and postdissection computer tomography assessed the completeness of dissection. Images were analyzed for maxillary antrostomy, frontal sinusotomy, residual ethmoid cells and partitions, and residual frontal recess cells. The first and last 5 sides of residents were analyzed together as the first 10 sides (group 1) and last 10 sides (group 2). Results: Group 2 had significantly better outcomes for frontal sinusotomy and ethmoidectomy (P = 0.011 and P = 0.003, respectively). The mean duration of procedures for group 1 was 15.7 minutes and that for group 2 was 10.3 minutes (P = 0.000). The difference was not significant between the 2 groups when comparing the success rates of maxillary antrostomy and the complication rates (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The nasal cavity of the sheep is anatomically similar to the human nasal cavity, and the model using sheep cadaver for endoscopic sinus surgery training is a cost-effective and useful model for the first step of the learning curve.