Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of predictors of cerebral vasospasm occurrence after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The role of type of treatment on cerebral vasospasm occurrence after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has not been studied. Through multivariate analysis we determined the independent prognostic factors of the occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm following aneurysmal SAH in a study cohort of 244 patients undergoing either surgical or endovascular treatment. The prognostic factors of sequelae after aneurysmal SAH were studied as well. METHODS Symptomatic vasospasm was defined as the association of deterioration in a patient's neurological condition between 3 and 14 days after SAH with no other explanation and an increase in mean transcranial Doppler velocities of >120 cm/s. The prognostic factors were registered on admission and during the intensive care stay. RESULTS Symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 22.2% surgical patients compared with 17.2% endovascular treatment patients (P=0.37). Multivariate analysis revealed that the probability of occurrence of symptomatic vasospasm decreased with age >50 years (relative risk [RR], 0.47 [0.25 to 0.88]) and severe World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade measured on admission (RR, 0.43 [0.20 to 0.90]) and increased with hyperglycemia occurring during the intensive care stay (RR, 1.94 [1.04 to 3.63]). No difference in risk of symptomatic vasospasm could be identified between surgical and endovascular treatment. Symptomatic vasospasm (OR, 4.73 [CI, 1. 77 to 12.6]) as well as WFNS grade of >2 (OR, 8.95 [3.46 to 23.2]), treatment complications (OR, 8.39 [3.16 to 22.3]), and secondary brain insults were associated with an increased risk of 6-month sequelae. CONCLUSIONS Age <50 years, good neurological grade, and hyperglycemia were all associated with an increased risk of cerebral vasospasm whereas treatment was not. This provides a basis for future clinical prospective randomized trials comparing both treatments.
Points to Remember

 Agriculture refers to the cultivation of land.  Subsistence farming is practised by poor farmers who own small pieces of land.  Intensive farming is practised on small plots of land.  Extensive farming is practised in areas of low population and where of land is available for cultivation.  Shifting cultivation is practised mainly by tribal people in some primitive and densely forested regions of the world.  In commercial forming, crops are grown on a large scale, mainly for selling the produce in the market—both at home and abroad.  Plantation farming is a type of commercial farming. Here, a single crop, instead of multiple crops, is planted over a large area known as a plantation.
Source localization of rhythmic ictal EEG activity: A study of diagnostic accuracy following STARD criteria

Although precise identification of the seizure‐onset zone is an essential element of presurgical evaluation, source localization of ictal electroencephalography (EEG) signals has received little attention. The aim of our study was to estimate the accuracy of source localization of rhythmic ictal EEG activity using a distributed source model.
Tourism and environment

Tourism is a large, diffuse global industry. Environmental aspects are little studied, with ∼1,500 publications in total. Impacts range from global contributions to climate change and ocean pollution to localized effects on endangered plant and animal species in protected areas. Environmental management is limited more by lack of adoption than by lack of technology. Government regulation is more effective than industry-based ecocertification. In developing nations, tourism can contribute to conservation by providing political and financial support for public protected area agencies and for conservation on private and communally owned lands. This is important in building resilience to climate change. In developed nations, such effects are outweighed by the impacts of recreational use and by political pressures from tourism property developers. These interactions deserve research in both natural and social sciences. Research priorities include more sophisticated recreation ecology as well as legal and socia.
Where Are Saskatchewan Farmland Prices Headed

An adaptive expectation model is employed to estimate Saskatchewan farmland values based on land rent. The estimated model is then used to forecast future agricultural land values, given a number of commodity price scenarios. The model illustrates the importance of expectations in the farmland purchase decision. Furthermore, it explains why swings in land prices tend to lag behind what current financial conditions would suggest. Nous avons utilise un modele adaptable de determination des attentes pour determiner la valeur des terres agricoles de la Saskatchewan a partir du prix de location. Le modele estimatif est ensuite utilise pour prevoir la valeur future des terres agricoles, compte tenu ďun certain nombre de scenarios ďevolution des prix des produits. Le modele montre ľimportance des attentes des gens dans les decisions ďachat de terres agricoles. Il explique en outre pourquoi les variations observers dans les prix des terres ont tendance a marquer un certain retard par rapport a ce que les conditions financieres existantes devraient laisser prevoir.
The Role of Migration in the Variety and Quality of Trade: Evidence from Germany

Abstract We explore the migration-trade nexus in the case of Germany over the period 2000-09, disentangling the two dimensions of intra-industry trade (vertical and horizontal). We find that immigration is positively and significantly related to intraindustry trade. However, the magnitude and statistical significance of migration’s impact on trade are considerably higher for horizontal intra-industry trade and increase with the difference in the level of development between Germany and the partner countries. This pattern is consistent with the view that information flows between migrant communities and their country of origin may be more important for consumer goods (where trade in varieties prevails) and that this information effect is more important if trading countries are very different.
Immediate and six months clinical and angiographic results of intracoronary paclitaxel-coated stent implantation – the Meo:DrugStar-1 study

The study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and angiographic results of the implantation of the paclitaxel-eluting stent Meo:DrugStar ST in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. The Meo:DrugStar ST stent has a stainless steel stent platform with a homogenous non-biodegradable coating of paclitaxel mixed with a polyether-based biostable, monophase, and hemocompatible coating. Sixty patients with native coronary artery disease were included in the study. The Meo:DrugStar ST stents were implanted in 60 de novo lesions detected in these patients. Immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up results were evaluated. There was a high proportion of patients with hypertension (55%) according to JNC-VII. Mean stenosis ratio was 78 ± 13 %, mean implanted stent diameter was 3.0 ± 0.4 mm and mean length was 22 ± 5 mm. Restenosis was detected in 4 (10%) of those patients and 11 (27.5%) of 40 patients had insignificant amount of restenosis. The results of this study indicate a potential benefit of the Meo:DrugStar ST stent for the prevention of stent thrombosis and restenosis in these relatively high-risk patients.
Liquidity, Stock Markets, and Market Makers

0 One of the great features of that legal creature we call the corporation is how readily it facilitates transferring ownership in a business. Perhaps the most impressive consequence of that feature has been the development of organized stock markets, in which people can transfer their ownership in corporations without any direct negotiation or contact with the buyer or seller on the other side of the transaction.
Flow cytometry and feulgen cytophotometry in evaluation of effusions

Fifty‐eight effusions (42 pleural and 16 ascitic fluids) from patients with and without cancer were analyzed by conventional cytology and the results compared with DNA patterns generated by flow cytometry of 104 nuclei and several modes of Feulgen cytophotometry. In 31 patients (24 without evidence of cancer and seven with history of cancer and cytologically negative fluids), the fluids were diploid by flow cytometry. One fluid with atypical cells from a lymphoma suspect was also diploid. Flow cytometry of 26 cytologically cancerous fluids disclosed aneuploid DNA patterns in 16 and diploid patterns in ten. Feulgen cytophotometry of 11 of these fluids (three aneuploid, eight diploid) was performed on nuclear preparations identical to those used in flow cytometry and on restained smears used for visual analysis. The analysis was performed in two modes: as a study of 500 sequential nuclei in an automated system, mimicking flow cytometry, and visually selected large, presumably malignant nuclei. In nine of the 11 cases, the DNA content of visually selected cancer cells was aneuploid, even though this DNA pattern was not evident in the analysis of 500 sequential cells. In two cases, both diploid by flow cytometry, the Feulgen analysis confirmed the presence of cancer cells in the diploid range. In samples of 104 nuclei representing a mixed population of cells occurring in effusions, the presence of aneuploid cancer cells may not be disclosed by conventional flow cytometry. A larger sample of cells, a detailed analysis of DNA histograms, and perhaps sorting of select cells in the hypertetraploid range, may prove essential before flow cytometry can be accepted as a diagnostic tool in the laboratory in the assessment of effusions.
Capital adjustment patterns and uncertainty in African manufacturing

Judging by the provisions of its investment code and the apparent stability of the macro-economy, Ethiopia seems to offer a favourable investment climate for the private sector. However, Ethiopian manufacturing has experienced a declining rate of investment since the mid 1990s. Like other Sub-Saharan African countries, more than half of manufacturing firms in Ethiopia have zero investment episodes; episodes that have become more persistent over time. This contrasts badly with high average profit rates in African manufacturing relative to average profit rates in OECD countries. Rather than being smooth and continuous, firm level investment in Africa is less frequent and lumpy. While this pattern of capital adjustment is not unique to Africa, the discontinuity and lumpiness is starker than what is observed in developed countries. The evidence in this paper suggests that such discontinuity and the lacklustre investment performance have more to do with uncertainty and irreversibility. The paper shows that uncertainty, proxied by the volatility of profits, undermines mainly the likelihood rather than the rate of investment. However, the possibility to reverse investment decisions, captured by the scope of the second hand market for machinery, significantly increases the rate of investment.
Specialized healthcare network redeployment maximizing multiple stakeholders satisfaction using ant colony optimization

This paper presents a mathematical model for the redeployment of a specialized healthcare network in a region. Two type of stakeholders are taken into account: patients and health authorities. The problem consists in: (i) redesigning the distribution of medical services in existing healthcare centers minimizing opening costs, and (ii) assigning patients to centers providing required services minimizing travelling costs. The problem is similar to a cell formation problem. An ant colony optimization method is proposed to solve the problem. Efficiency of the approach has been proved via theoretical testing. Real test-bed problem about Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) network in the Québec province (Canada) is also considered for validation purpose. Several solutions are proposed, as well as a tool allowing to assess the compromises between redeployment costs and patient travel costs.
The Wheat Ethylene Response Factor Transcription Factor PATHOGEN-INDUCED ERF1 Mediates Host Responses to Both the Necrotrophic Pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and Freezing Stresses1[C][W][OPEN]

An ethylene response factor transcription factor positively affects the interactions between stress responses to the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis and freezing in wheat. Sharp eyespot disease (primarily caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis) and freezing stress are important yield limitations for the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, we report new insights into the function and underlying mechanisms of an ethylene response factor (ERF) in wheat, Pathogen-Induced ERF1 (TaPIE1), in host responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses. TaPIE1-overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to both R. cerealis and freezing stresses, whereas TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat plants were more susceptible to both stresses relative to control plants. Following both stress treatments, electrolyte leakage and hydrogen peroxide content were significantly reduced, and both proline and soluble sugar contents were elevated in TaPIE1-overexpressing wheat, whereas these physiological traits in TaPIE1-underexpressing wheat exhibited the opposite trend. Microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses of TaPIE1-overexpressing and -underexpressing wheat plants indicated that TaPIE1 activated a subset of defense- and stress-related genes. Assays of DNA binding by electrophoretic mobility shift and transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) showed that the GCC boxes in the promoters of TaPIE1-activated genes were essential for transactivation by TaPIE1. The transactivation activity of TaPIE1 and the expression of TaPIE1-activated defense- and stress-related genes were significantly elevated following R. cerealis, freezing, and exogenous ethylene treatments. TaPIE1-mediated responses to R. cerealis and freezing were positively modulated by ethylene biosynthesis. These data suggest that TaPIE1 positively regulates the defense responses to R. cerealis and freezing stresses by activating defense- and stress-related genes downstream of the ethylene signaling pathway and by modulating related physiological traits in wheat.
Franchised and Small, the Most Beautiful of All; HRM and Performance in Plural Systems

Franchising is particularly present in industries in which human resources play a vital role. However, little is known about human resource management (HRM) in a franchising context. This study investigates HRM behavior and performance using a sample of 171 units within one plural retailing system. The results lend support to the agency and entrepreneurial perspectives; franchised units have a relatively low HRM intensity but superior HR performance. We also find a negative relationship between unit size and performance, moderated by type of unit ownership. We conclude that when it comes to HR performance, the units that are franchised and small are the most beautiful of all.
Visualising community-based food projects in Ontario

In seeking to help address the question about what is distinctive about “alternative” food networks and “food hubs” in particular, this paper explores the strengths and limitations of using concept-mapping software to illustrate the organisational structures of community-based food projects in Ontario. As part of a larger research project, the authors developed concept maps that illustrate inputs, activities and assets, as well as different types of resources (public, private, citizen, etc.). This paper focuses on the benefits and challenges of choosing to share research results with the use of a visual tool, including the benefits of the process of our mapping exercise for the research team, for the research participants, and for dialogue among them all. Challenges include the difficulties of balancing nuance and uniformity, as well as complexity and simplicity, while visually representing networks that often blur the lines between governmental, public, non-profit, cooperative, multi-stakeholder and private.
Beyond Nonprofit Management Education: Leadership Development in a Time of Blurred Boundaries and Distributed Learning

This article argues that three broad trends—changes in nonprofit organizations, changes in the ways they are led, and changes in the available technologies of learning—combine to challenge the long-term viability of discrete full-time programs of nonprofit management education. To explore this contention, the authors draw on several sets of evidence. First, they examine literature about these trends. Second, they draw on their research and consultancies in nonprofit management and in large-scale educational strategies. Third, they draw on their experiences of developing and teaching nonprofit management education programs in the United Kingdom. They argue that new problems have overlaid old problems in the nonprofit world. However, these are linked to broader societal trends that reflect new ways of organizing, and this shifts the focus of learning and development. Finally, they review the implications for nonprofit management education and set out some principles to guide new developments in this field.
Democracy's not for me: The Lowy Institute polls on Gen Y and democracy

For two consecutive years, the Lowy Institute Poll has revealed just how little Australians seem to value democracy. This has particularly been the case for Australia's so-called Generation Y. Understandably, these findings have aroused dismay among media, policy and academic commentators, with many automatically assuming the troubling nature of these findings. Despite this, little consideration has been given to what the results actually denote, and what they were not telling us about the rationale and justification behind the Gen Y responses. This critical commentary offers some preliminary thoughts and findings on what the Lowy Polls are not telling us; as well as on what they are telling us. 连续两年，罗伊民调所发现澳大利亚人对民主评价极低。 澳大利亚所谓的“Y一代”尤其如此。 可以想见，这样的发现让媒体以及政策和学术评论者失望不已，许多人会马上想到这些发现会造成的麻烦。 其实，很少有人思考这类发现的真实所指，思考关于Y一代反应所没有讲出的东西。 这篇批评性文章提供了一些初步的想法和发见：罗伊民调除了讲了什么，它还没讲什么？
Functional Performance Among Active Female Soccer Players After Unilateral Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Compared With Knee-Healthy Controls

Background: Good functional performance with limb symmetry is believed to be important to minimize the risk of injury after a return to pivoting and contact sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Purpose: This study aimed to investigate any side-to-side limb differences in functional performance and movement asymmetries in female soccer players with a primary unilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–reconstructed knee and to compare these players with knee-healthy controls from the same soccer teams. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 77 active female soccer players at a median of 18 months after ACLR (interquartile range [IQR], 14.5 months; range, 7-39 months) and 77 knee-healthy female soccer players. The mean age was 20.1 ± 2.3 years for players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and 19.5 ± 2.2 years for controls. We used a battery of tests to assess postural control (Star Excursion Balance Test) and hop performance (1-legged hop for distance, 5-jump test, and side hop). Movement asymmetries in the lower limbs and trunk were assessed with the drop vertical jump and the tuck jump using 2-dimensional analyses. Results: The reconstructed and uninvolved limbs did not differ in any of the tests. In the 5-jump test, players with an ACL-reconstructed knee performed worse than controls (mean 8.75 ± 1.05 m vs 9.09 ± 0.89 m; P = .034). On the drop vertical jump test, the ACL-reconstructed limb had significantly less knee valgus motion in the frontal plane (median 0.028 m [IQR, 0.049 m] vs 0.045 m [IQR, 0.043 m]; P = .004) and a lower probability of a high knee abduction moment (pKAM) (median 69.2% [IQR, 44.4%] vs 79.8% [IQR, 44.8%]; P = .043) compared with the control players’ matched limb (for leg dominance). Results showed that 9% to 49% of players in both groups performed outside recommended guidelines on the different tests. Only 14 players with an ACL-reconstructed knee (18%) and 15 controls (19%) had results that met the recommended guidelines for all 5 tests (P = .837). Conclusion: The reconstructed and uninvolved limbs did not differ, and players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and controls differed only minimally on the functional performance tests, indicating similar function. It is worth noting that many players with an ACL-reconstructed knee and controls had movement asymmetries and a high pKAM pattern, which have previously been associated with an increased risk for both primary and secondary ACL injury in female athletes.
Influence of Interoceptive Fear Learning on Visceral Perception

Objectives Interoceptive fear learning and generalization have been hypothesized to play a key role in unexplained abdominal and esophageal pain in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, there is no experimental evidence demonstrating that fear learning and generalization to visceral sensations can be established in humans and alter visceral perception. Methods In a novel fear learning–generalization paradigm, an innocuous esophageal balloon distension served as conditioned stimulus (CS), and distensions at three different pressure levels around the pain detection threshold were used as generalization stimuli. During fear learning, the CS was paired with a painful electrical stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) in the conditioning group (n = 30), whereas in the control group (n = 30), the unconditioned stimulus was delivered alone. Before and after fear learning, visceral perception thresholds for first sensation, discomfort, and pain and visceral discrimination sensitivity were assessed. Results Fear learning was established in the conditioning group only (potentiated eye-blink startle to the CS (t(464.06) = 3.17, p = . 002), and fear generalization to other stimulus intensities was observed (t(469.12) = 2.97, p = . 003; t(464.29) = 4.17, p < . 001). The thresholds for first sensation habituated in the control group, whereas it remained constant in the conditioning group (F(1,43) = 9.77, p = . 003). Conclusions These data show that fear learning using visceral stimuli induces fear generalization and influences visceral perception. These findings support the idea that in functional gastrointestinal disorder, fear learning and generalization can foster gastrointestinal-specific anxiety and contribute to visceral hypersensitivity.