Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Documenting database usages and schema constraints in database-centric applications

Database-centric applications (DCAs) usually rely on database operations over a large number of tables and attributes. Understanding how database tables and attributes are used to implement features in DCAs along with the constraints related to these usages is an important component of any DCA’s maintenance. However, manually documenting database related operations and their asynchronously evolving constraints in constantly changing source code is a hard and time-consuming problem. In this paper, we present a novel approach, namely DBScribe, aimed at automatically generating always up-to-date natural language descriptions of database operations and schema constraints in source code methods. DBScribe statically analyzes the code and database schema to detect database usages and then prop- agates these usages and schema constraints through the call-chains implementing database-related features. Finally, each method in these call-chains is automatically documented based on the underlying database usages and constraints. We evaluated DBScribe in a study with 52 participants analyzing generated documentation for database-related methods in five open-source DCAs. Additionally, we evaluated the descriptions generated by DBScribe on two commercial DCAs involving original developers. The results for the studies involving open-source and commercial DCAs demonstrate that generated descriptions are accurate and useful while understanding database usages and constraints, in particular during maintenance tasks.
3-Iodothyronamine Induces Tail Vasodilation Through Central Action in Male Mice

3-Iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) is an endogenous thyroid hormone (TH)-derived metabolite that induces severe hypothermia in mice after systemic administration; however, the underlying mechanisms have remained enigmatic. We show here that the rapid 3-T1AM-induced loss in body temperature is a consequence of peripheral vasodilation and subsequent heat loss (e.g., over the tail surface). The condition is subsequently intensified by hypomotility and a lack of brown adipose tissue activation. Although the possible 3-T1AM targets trace amine-associated receptor 1 or α2a-adrenergic receptor were detected in tail artery and aorta respectively, myograph studies did not show any direct effect of 3-T1AM on vasodilation, suggesting that its actions are likely indirect. Intracerebroventricular application of 3-T1AM, however, replicated the phenotype of tail vasodilation and body temperature decline and led to neuronal activation in the hypothalamus, suggesting that the metabolite causes tail vasodilation through a hypothalamic signaling pathway. Consequently, the 3-T1AM response constitutes anapyrexia rather than hypothermia and closely resembles the heat-stress response mediated by hypothalamic temperature-sensitive neurons. Our results thus underline the well-known role of the hypothalamus as the body's thermostat and suggest an additional molecular link between TH signaling and the central control of body temperature.
The Characteristics of Human Genes: Analysis of Human Chromosome 22

On 14 April 2003 Homo sapiens became the first species on earth to finish reading its own set of instructions. However, although we have read our code, the problem that now faces us is to understand what we have read. The first task towards this understanding is to establish the full catalogue of human genes based on the genome sequence. Although evidence is accumulating that questions our assumptions about what constitutes a gene and it seems possible that we may have to broaden our horizons to include various classes of non-protein coding RNAs, a first generation gene catalogue must inevitably be focused on proteincoding genes. This layering of information onto sequence is widely called ‘annotation’ and we term the specific process of describing gene structures on the genomic sequence ‘gene annotation’. Although ultimately the genome sequence should be accompanied by an information-rich annotation describing many aspects of structure and function, for the moment accurately describing gene structures remains a considerable task. Despite progress in methods for gene prediction, and the availability of genome sequence from other mammals for comparative analysis, deriving the gene catalogue by computation is still an imperfect art (Guigo et al., 2000). On the other hand, curation of gene structures supported by experimental data, either from the cDNA and EST databases, or more unusually from de novo cloning and sequencing, is labourintensive and has not yet been applied to the full genome. A particular problem is that most cDNA libraries are derived from total cellular RNA and contain a high proportion of unprocessed and partially processed RNA species, confounding the identification of intron–exon junctions from ESTs or cDNA sequences (Bashiardes and Lovett, 2000). Thus, the protein coding gene catalogue is far from complete. What we have instead are a series of attempts to approximate or estimate what the gene catalogue looks like, based on applying the current favourite gene finding paradigms to the available genome sequence (International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, 2001; Das et al., 2001; Davuluri et al., 2001; Ewing and Green, 2000; Flicek et al., 2003; Guigo et al., 2003; Liang et al., 2000; Roest Crollius et al., 2000; Shoemaker et al., 2001; Wright et al., 2001). We have taken an alternative approach by concentrating on a single contiguous segment, representing 1% of the human genome, and attempting to produce a highly curated gene annotation, supported by expressed sequences from the databases and experimental confirmation of gene structures
Transmembrane protein 106A is silenced by promoter region hypermethylation and suppresses gastric cancer growth by inducing apoptosis

Inactivation of tumour suppressor genes by promoter methylation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Transmembrane 106A gene (TMEM106A) encodes a novel protein of previously unknown function. This study analysed the biological functions, epigenetic changes and the clinical significance of TMEM106A in GC. Data from experiments indicate that TMEM106A is a type II membrane protein, which is localized to mitochondria and the plasma membrane. TMEM106A was down‐regulated or silenced by promoter region hypermethylation in GC cell lines, but expressed in normal gastric tissues. Overexpression of TMEM106A suppressed cell growth and induced apoptosis in GC cell lines, and retarded the growth of xenografts in nude mice. These effects were associated with the activation of caspase‐2, caspase‐9, and caspase‐3, cleavage of BID and inactivation of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). In primary GC samples, loss or reduction of TMEM106A expression was associated with promoter region hypermethylation. TMEM106A was methylated in 88.6% (93/105) of primary GC and 18.1% (2/11) in cancer adjacent normal tissue samples. Further analysis suggested that TMEM106A methylation in primary GCs was significantly correlated with smoking and tumour metastasis. In conclusion, TMEM106A is frequently methylated in human GC. The expression of TMEM106A is regulated by promoter hypermethylation. TMEM106A is a novel functional tumour suppressor in gastric carcinogenesis.
Changing Perspective: A Co-Design Approach to Explore Future Possibilities of Divergent Hearing

Conventional hearing aids frame hearing impairment almost exclusively as a problem. In the present paper, we took an alternative approach by focusing on positive future possibilities of 'divergent hearing'. To this end, we developed a method to speculate simultaneously about not-yet-experienced positive meanings and not-yet-existing technology. First, we gathered already existing activities in which divergent hearing was experienced as an advantage rather than as a burden. These activities were then condensed into 'Prompts of Positive Possibilities' (PPP), such as 'Creating a shelter to feel safe in". In performative sessions, participants were given these PPPs and 'Open Probes' to enact novel everyday activities. This led to 26 possible meanings and according devices, such as "Being able to listen back into the past with a rewinder". The paper provides valuable insights into the interests and expectations of people with divergent hearing as well as a methodological contribution to a possibility-driven design.
Surveying the Social, Smart and Converged TV Landscape: Where is Television Research Headed?

The TV is dead motto of just a few years ago has been replaced by the prospect of Internet Protocol (IP) television experiences over converged networks to become one of the great technology opportunities in the next few years. As an introduction to the Special Issue on Smart, Social and Converged Television, this extended editorial intends to review the current IP television landscape in its many realizations: operator-based, over-the-top, and user generated. We will address new services like social TV and recommendation engines, dissemination including new paradigms built on peer to peer and content centric networks, as well as the all important quality of experience that challenges services and networks alike. But we intend to go further than just review the existing work by proposing areas for the future of television research. These include strategies to provide services that are more efficient in network and energy usage while being socially engaging, novel services that will provide consumers with a broader choice of content and devices, and metrics that will enable operators and users alike to define the level of service they require or that they are ready to provide. These topics are addressed in this survey paper that attempts to create a unifying framework to link them all together. Not only is television not dead, it is well alive, thriving and fostering innovation and this paper will hopefully prove it.
Tapered Conical Polymer Microneedles Fabricated Using an Integrated Lens Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Administration of protein and DNA biotherapeutics is limited by the need for hypodermic injection. Use of micron-scale needles to deliver drugs in a minimally invasive manner provides an attractive alternative, but application of this approach is limited by the need for suitable microneedle designs and fabrication methods. To address this need, this paper presents a conical polymer microneedle design that is fabricated using a novel integrated lens technique and analyzed for its ability to insert into the skin without mechanical failure. Microneedle master structures were fabricated using microlenses etched into a glass substrate that focused light through SU-8 negative epoxy resist to produce sharply tapered structures. Microneedle replicates were fabricated out of biodegradable polymers by micromolding. Because microneedle mechanical properties are critical to their insertion into the skin, we theoretically modeled two failure modes (axial mode and transverse mode), and analytical models were compared with measured data showing general agreement. Guided by this analysis, polymer microneedles were designed and demonstrated to insert to different depths into porcine skin in vitro. "Long" polymer microneedles were also demonstrated in human subjects to insert deeply without failure
Comparing the Effects of Self-Controlled and Examiner-Controlled Feedback on Learning in Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder

Background: Feedback can improve task learning in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). However, the frequency and type of feedback may play different role in learning and needs to more investigations. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the acquisition and retention of new feedback skills in children with DCD under different frequency of self-control and control examiner feedback. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design, participants based on their retention were divided into four feedback groups: self-controlled feedback groups with frequencies of 50% and75%, experimenter controls with frequencies of 50% and 75%. The study sample consisted of 24 boys with DCD aged between 9 to 11 years old in Ahvaz City, Iran. Then subjects practiced 30 throwing (6 blocks of 5 attempts) in eighth session. Acquisition test immediately after the last training session, and then the retention test were taken. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test, ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: The results showed no significant difference between groups in the acquisition phase (P > 0.05). However,in the retention session, group of self-control showed better performance than the control tester group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the current findings, self-control feedback with high frequency leads to more learning in DCD children. The results of this study can be used in rehabilitation programs to improve performance and learning in children with DCD.
The Development of Web Service-Based Remote Control and Monitoring System

Nowadays many researchers are thing of the potential of using the web for the purpose of real-time remote monitoring control of processing equipment, this paper discuss the architecture of internet-based remote control and monitoring, then give a explain of web-based remote control service. Proposed a novel Web Service-based remote control and monitoring system based on the idea of web services. In the end, the future work of web service-based remote monitoring control is also spelled out.
Low-frequency signals support perceptual organization of implant-simulated speech for adults and children

Abstract Objective: Using signals processed to simulate speech received through cochlear implants and low-frequency extended hearing aids, this study examined the proposal that low-frequency signals facilitate the perceptual organization of broader, spectrally degraded signals. Design: In two experiments, words and sentences were presented in diotic and dichotic configurations as four-channel noise-vocoded signals (VOC-only), and as those signals combined with the acoustic signal below 0.25 kHz (LOW-plus). Dependent measures were percent correct recognition, and the difference between scores for the two processing conditions given as proportions of recognition scores for VOC-only. The influence of linguistic context was also examined. Study sample: Participants had normal hearing. In all, 40 adults, 40 seven-year-olds, and 20 five-year-olds participated. Results: Participants of all ages showed benefits of adding the low-frequency signal. The effect was greater for sentences than words, but no effect of diotic versus dichotic presentation was found. The influence of linguistic context was similar across age groups, and did not contribute to the low-frequency effect. Listeners who had poorer VOC-only scores showed greater low-frequency effects. Conclusion: The benefit of adding a low-frequency signal to a broader, spectrally degraded signal derives in some part from its facilitative influence on perceptual organization of the sensory input.
Sleep-Associated Changes in the Mental Representation of Spoken Words

The integration of a newly learned spoken word form with existing knowledge in the mental lexicon is characterized by the word form's ability to compete with similar-sounding entries during auditory word recognition. Here we show that although the mere acquisition of a spoken form is swift, its engagement in lexical competition requires an incubation-like period that is crucially associated with sleep. Words learned at 8 p.m. do not induce (inhibitory) competition effects immediately, but do so after a 12-hr interval including a night's sleep, and continue to induce such effects after 24 hr. In contrast, words learned at 8 a.m. do not show such effects immediately or after 12 hr ofwakefulness, but show the effects only after 24 hr, after sleep has occurred. This time-course dissociation is best accommodated by connectionist and neural models of learning in which sleep provides an opportunity for hippocampal information to be fed into long-term neocortical memory.
Real-Time Top-R Topic Detection on Twitter with Topic Hijack Filtering

Twitter is a "what's-happening-right-now" tool that enables interested parties to follow thoughts and commentary of individual users in nearly real-time. While it is a valuable source of information for real-time topic detection and tracking, Twitter data are not clean because of noisy messages and users, which significantly diminish the reliability of obtained results. In this paper, we integrate both the extraction of meaningful topics and the filtering of messages over the Twitter stream. We develop a streaming algorithm for a sequence of document-frequency tables; our algorithm enables real-time monitoring of the top-10 topics from approximately 25% of all Twitter messages, while automatically filtering noisy and meaningless topics. We apply our proposed streaming algorithm to the Japanese Twitter stream and successfully demonstrate that, compared with other online nonnegative matrix factorization methods, our framework both tracks real-world events with high accuracy in terms of the perplexity and simultaneously eliminates irrelevant topics.
Hybrid Stochastic-Adversarial On-line Learning

Most of the research in online learning focused either on the problem of adversarial classification (i.e., both inputs and labels are arbitrarily chosen by an adversary) or on the traditional supervised learning problem in which samples are independently generated from a fixed probability distribution. Nonetheless, in a number of domains the relationship between inputs and labels may be adversarial, whereas input instances are generated according to a constant distribution. This scenario can be formalized as an hybrid classification problem in which inputs are stochastic, while labels are adversarial. In this paper, we introduce this hybrid stochastic-adversarial classification problem, we propose an online learning algorithm for its solution, and we analyze its performance. In particular, we show that, given a hypothesis space H with finite VC dimension, it is possible to incrementally build a suitable finite set of hypotheses that can be used as input for an exponentially weighted forecaster achieving a cumulative regret of order O( p nV C(H) log n) with overwhelming probability. Finally, we discuss extensions to multi-label classification, learning from experts and bandit settings with stochastic side information, and application to games.
Subcarrier Spacing - How to Make Use of This Degree of Freedom

This paper provides indications and simulative performance evaluations of how a wireless system can profit from being able to support various subcarrier spacings concurrently. We show that with using this degree of freedom high Doppler, low latency and extended coverage scenarios are improved. In our investigations we consider different options for multi-carrier numerology, frame design and pilot placement. Based on our investigation results and general considerations we propose a set of numerology settings for 5G. Furthermore we propose a tiling concept, enabling the parallel usage of different user-specific numerologies.
Stacked Filters Stationary Flow For Hardware-Oriented Acceleration Of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

To address memory and computation resource limitations for hardware-oriented acceleration of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), we present a computation flow, stacked filters stationary flow (SFS), and a corresponding data encoding format, relative indexed compressed sparse filter format (CSF), to make the best of data sparsity, and simplify data handling at execution time. And we also propose a three dimensional Single Instruction Multiple Data (3D-SIMD) processor architecture to illustrate how to accelerate deep CNNs by taking advantage of SFS flow and CSF format. Comparing with the state-of-the-art result (Han et al., 2016b), our methods achieve 1.11x improvement in reducing the storage required by AlexNet, and 1.09x improvement in reducing the storage required by SqueezeNet, without loss of accuracy on the ImageNet dataset. Moreover, using these approaches, chip area for logics handling irregular sparse data access can be saved. Comparing with the 2D-SIMD processor structures in DVAS, ENVISION, etc., our methods achieve about 3.65x processing element (PE) array utilization rate improvement (from 26.4\% to 96.5\%) on the data from Deep Compression on AlexNet.
Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequences of the Genes for Two Essential Proteins Constituting a Novel Enzyme System for Heptaprenyl Diphosphate Synthesis (*)

The genes encoding two dissociable components essential for Bacillus stearothermophilus heptaprenyl diphosphate synthase (all-trans-hexaprenyl-diphosphate:isopentenyl-diphosphate hexaprenyl-trans-transferase, EC 2.5.1.30) were cloned, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of three open reading frames within 2,350 base pairs, designated as ORF-1, ORF-2, and ORF-3 in order of nucleotide sequence, which encode proteins of 220, 234, and 323 amino acids, respectively. Deletion experiments have shown that expression of the enzymatic activity requires the presence of ORF-1 and ORF-3, but ORF-2 is not essential. As a result, this enzyme was proved genetically to consist of two different protein components with molecular masses of 25 kDa (Component I) and 36 kDa (Component II), encoded by two of the three tandem genes. The protein encoded by ORF-1 has no similarity to any protein so far registered. However, the protein encoded by ORF-3 shows a 32% similarity to the farnesyl diphosphate synthase of the same bacterium and has seven highly conserved regions that have been shown typical in prenyltransferases (Koyama, T., Obata, S., Osabe, M., Takeshita, A., Yokoyama, K., Uchida, M., Nishino, T., and Ogura, K. (1993) J. Biochem. (Tokyo)113, 355-363).
Postsynaptic Signal Transduction Models for Long-Term Potentiation and Depression

More than a hundred biochemical species, activated by neurotransmitters binding to transmembrane receptors, are important in long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). To investigate which species and interactions are critical for synaptic plasticity, many computational postsynaptic signal transduction models have been developed. The models range from simple models with a single reversible reaction to detailed models with several hundred kinetic reactions. In this study, more than a hundred models are reviewed, and their features are compared and contrasted so that similarities and differences are more readily apparent. The models are classified according to the type of synaptic plasticity that is modeled (LTP or LTD) and whether they include diffusion or electrophysiological phenomena. Other characteristics that discriminate the models include the phase of synaptic plasticity modeled (induction, expression, or maintenance) and the simulation method used (deterministic or stochastic). We find that models are becoming increasingly sophisticated, by including stochastic properties, integrating with electrophysiological properties of entire neurons, or incorporating diffusion of signaling molecules. Simpler models continue to be developed because they are computationally efficient and allow theoretical analysis. The more complex models permit investigation of mechanisms underlying specific properties and experimental verification of model predictions. Nonetheless, it is difficult to fully comprehend the evolution of these models because (1) several models are not described in detail in the publications, (2) only a few models are provided in existing model databases, and (3) comparison to previous models is lacking. We conclude that the value of these models for understanding molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity is increasing and will be enhanced further with more complete descriptions and sharing of the published models.