Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A note on the size of Craig Interpolants

Mundici considered the question of whether the interpolant of two propositional formulas of the form $F ightarrow G$ can always have a short circuit description, and showed that if this is the case then every problem in NP $cap$ co-NP would have polynomial size circuits. In this note we observe further consequences of the interpolant having short circuit descriptions, namely that UP $subseteq$ P$/$poly, and that every single valued NP function has a total extension in FP$/$poly. We also relate this question with other Complexity Theory assumptions.
On The Domatic Number of Bipartite Permutation Graphs

This paper studies the problem of partitioning the vertices of a graph G into disjoint set V1, . , Vq such that V1, . , Va are all dominating sets of G. The objective is to find the largest q. We first propose a 0-1 matrix representation of bipartite permutation graphs. Then, a linear-time algorithm for domatic number problem on bipartite permutation graphs is designed.
Postsynaptic protein synthesis is required for presynaptic enhancement in persistent forms of long-term potentiation

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus is a fundamental process underlying learning and memory in the brain. At CA3-CA1 synapses, three discrete forms of LTP (LTP1, 2, and 3) have been differentiated on the basis of their persistence, maintenance mechanisms, Ca2+ signaling pathways, expression loci, and electrophysiological requirements. We previously showed that LTP2 and LTP3 involve a presynaptic expression component that is established in a translation-dependent manner. Here we investigate the locus of translation required for presynaptic expression. Neurotransmitter release rate was estimated via FM 1-43 destaining from CA3 terminals in hippocampal slices from male Wistar rats (6–8 weeks). Destaining was measured at sites making putative contact with CA1 dendritic processes in stratum radiatum that had been filled with a membrane impermeable translation inhibitor and a fluorescent indicator. Our results suggest that inhibition of postsynaptic translation eliminates the enhanced release ordinarily observed at 160 min post-LTP induction, and that this effect is limited to sites closely apposed to the filled postsynaptic cell. We conclude that postsynaptic translation is required for the presynaptic component of LTP2 and LTP3 expression. These data considerably strengthen the mechanistic separation of LTP1, 2, and 3 and provide evidence for an expanded repertoire of communication between synaptic elements.
Lessons from the financial crisis : causes, consequences, and our economic future

Lessons from the Financial Crisis brings together the leading minds in the worlds of finance and academia to dissect the crisis. Divided into three comprehensive sections-The Subprime Crisis; The Global Financial Crisis; and Law, Regulation, the Financial Crisis, and The Future-this book puts the events that have transpired in perspective, and offers valuable insights into what we must do to avoid future missteps.
The Inverted Double Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices using Electrospun TiO 2 Nanofibers 106

101 Abstract— The introduction of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers has improved the performance of inverted poly (3hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and (6, 6)phenyl-C 61butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells by providing efficien t charge generation and collection through double heterojunc tion. Electrospun TiO2 nanofibers increased the charge separation and collecting capability of the devices both from P3HT and PCBM by providing interfaces between P3HT-TiO 2 and PCBM-TiO2 nanofibers. The resulting devices have reached to m aximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.25±0.03% contri buted by increased short circuit current (J sc).
Persistent schema-dependent hippocampal-neocortical connectivity during memory encoding and postencoding rest in humans

The hippocampus is thought to promote gradual incorporation of novel information into long-term memory by binding, reactivating, and strengthening distributed cortical-cortical connections. Recent studies implicate a key role in this process for hippocampally driven crosstalk with the (ventro)medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), which is proposed to become a central node in such representational networks over time. The existence of a relevant prior associative network, or schema, may moreover facilitate this process. Thus, hippocampal-vmPFC crosstalk may support integration of new memories, particularly in the absence of a relevant prior schema. To address this issue, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and prior schema manipulation to track hippocampal-vmPFC connectivity during encoding and postencoding rest. We manipulated prior schema knowledge by exposing 30 participants to the first part of a movie that was temporally scrambled for 15 participants. The next day, participants underwent fMRI while encoding the movie's final 15 min in original order and, subsequently, while resting. Schema knowledge and item recognition performance show that prior schema was successfully and selectively manipulated. Intersubject synchronization (ISS) and interregional partial correlation analyses furthermore show that stronger prior schema was associated with more vmPFC ISS and less hippocampal-vmPFC interregional connectivity during encoding. Notably, this connectivity pattern persisted during postencoding rest. These findings suggest that additional crosstalk between hippocampus and vmPFC is required to compensate for difficulty integrating novel information during encoding and provide tentative support for the notion that functionally relevant hippocampal-neocortical crosstalk persists during off-line periods after learning.
Fusion of signal processing methods with pitch detector for onset detection

Onset detection, the quest for finding “transient” regions in the audio signal, is an important task, which is the base of high-level musical processing tasks. Because the existing algorithms have their own problems respectively, time-domain energy algorithm is efficient in detecting an attack transient event in drum, whereas has a problem in bowed instrument that can be solved by phase-based detection, on the other hand, spectral flux detection which has a poor performance on the percussive instruments is very effective on wind as well as bowed string instruments. In this paper, we linearly combine these methods and add pitch detector to engender an adaptive algorithm. Experiments are conducted on a dataset including four types of instruments. Results show that the F-measure of our algorithm is better than other individual methods.
Characterisation of MBC class 11 DRB genes in the northern tree shrew ( Tupaia helanger ! )

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) mainly code for proteins of the immune system of jawed vertebrates. In particular, MHC class I and II cell surface proteins are crucial for the self/non-self discrimination of the adaptive immune system and are the most polymorphic genes in vertebrates. Positive selection, gene duplications and pseudogenes shape the face of the MHC and reflect a highly dynamic evolution. Here, we present for the first time data of the highly polymorphic MHC class II DRB exon 2 of a representative of the mammalian order scandentia, the northern tree shrew Tupaia belangeri. We found up to eight different alleles per individual and determined haplotype constitution by intensively studying their inheritance. The alleles were assigned to four putative loci, all of which were polymorphic. Only the most polymorphic locus was subject to positive selection within the antigen binding sites and only alleles of this locus were transcribed. C. Oppelt . R. Wutzler' D. von HoIst Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth. 95440 Bayreuth, Germany Present Address: C. Oppelt (C3J) Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Mainaustr. 252, 78464 Constance, Germany e-mail: claus.oppelt@uni-konstanz.de Present Address: R. Wutzler Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Omithology, 82305 Seewiesen, Germany
Adult learning in the digital age

1. The Promise of the Learning Society 2. The Perils of the Learning Society 3. Researching the Learning Society 4. What Makes a Lifelong Learner? 5. What Do People Use ICT For? 6. Learning and ICT in the Home 7. Learning and ICT at Work 8. Learning and ICT in the Community 9. The Reality of the Learning Society 10. What Should We Do?
Virtual Token Passing Protocol Applicable to Manufacturing Sensor Networks

In this paper, a virtual token passing protocol has been proposed, in which sensor nodes join in the different subnets according to the received signal strength and the number of sensor nodes in the subnet to decrease the transmitting power to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Secondly, router nodes adopt different RF to polling for new sensor node and neighboring subnets use different channels to realize internal communication, and this can not only improve the network capacity, but also reduce the interference between subnets and sensor nodes. Thirdly, the address of sensor nodes in subnet is allocated by the router in a unified way. By making full use of the continuity of address and the negotiation mechanism, sensor nodes impartially access the wireless channel according to the virtual token passing method, and this has greatly reduced the effect on network performance brought by token passing and maintenance. In addition, the introduction of node priority and second competition state make the higher sensor nodes have priority to access wireless channel and then send packet as soon as possible, and this will enhance the real-ti me performance and reliability further when there is an emergency happened. OPNET simulation experimental results show that the proposed MAC protocol has improved the throughput, increased the traffic load, decreased the network delay, reduced the amount of dropped packets and the wireless channel access delay, and this is of great importance to the wireless sensor network under manufacturing environment.
"Is It Rectangular?" Using I Spy as an Interactive, Game-Based Approach to Multimodal Robot Learning

Training robots about the objects in their environment requires a multimodal correlation of features extracted from visual and linguistic sources. This work abstracts the task of collecting multimodal training data for object and feature learning by encapsulating it in an interactive game, I Spy, played between human players and robots. It introduces the concept of the game, briefly describes its methodology, and finally presents an evaluation of the game's performance and its appeal to human players.
Recent Advances in Reliable Transport Protocols

Transport protocols play a critical role in today’s Internet. This chapter first looks at the recent of the reliable transport protocols. It then explains the growing impact of middleboxes on the evolvability of these protocols. Two recent protocol extensions, Multipath TCP and Minion, which were both designed to extend the current Transport Layer in the Internet are then described
Chromatin and extracellular vesicle associated sperm RNAs

A diverse pool of RNAs remain encapsulated within the transcriptionally silent spermatozoon despite the dramatic reduction in cellular and nuclear volume following cytoplasm/nucleoplasm expulsion. The impact of this pronounced restructuring on the distribution of transcripts inside the sperm essentially remains unknown. To define their compartmentalization, total RNA >100 nt was extracted from sonicated (SS) mouse spermatozoa and detergent demembranated sucrose gradient fractionated (Cs/Tx) sperm heads. Sperm RNAs predominately localized toward the periphery. The corresponding distribution of transcripts and thus localization and complexity were then inferred by RNA-seq. Interestingly, the number of annotated RNAs in the CsTx sperm heads exhibiting reduced peripheral enrichment was restricted. However this included Cabyr, the calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein encoded transcript. It is present in murine zygotes prior to the maternal to the zygotic transition yet absent in oocytes, consistent with the delivery of internally positioned sperm-borne RNAs to the embryo. In comparison, transcripts enriched in sonicated sperm contributed to the mitochondria and exosomes along with several nuclear transcripts including the metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) and several small nucleolar RNAs. Their preferential peripheral localization suggests that chromatin remodeling during spermiogenesis is not limited to nucleoproteins as part of the nucleoprotein exchange.
Spectral flow, and the spectrum of multicenter solutions

We discuss 'spectral-flow' coordinate transformations that take asymptotically four-dimensional solutions into other asymptotically four-dimensional solutions. We find that spectral flow can relate smooth three-charge solutions with a multicenter Taub-NUT base to solutions where one or several Taub-NUT centers are replaced by two-charge supertubes, and vice versa. We further show that multiparameter spectral flows can map such Taub-NUT centers to more singular centers that are either D2-D0 or pure D0-brane sources. Since supertubes can depend on arbitrary functions, we establish that the moduli space of smooth horizonless black-hole microstate solutions is classically of infinite dimension. We also use the physics of supertubes to argue that some multicenter solutions that appear to be bound states from a four-dimensional perspective are in fact not bound states when considered from a five- or six-dimensional perspective.
Software product metrics used to build defect prediction models

This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models. 1 Software product metrics This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models, especially those built by Madeyski and Jureczko [6, 5, 4]. • The metrics suite suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer [2]: Weighted Methods per Class (WMC). The value of the WMC is equal to the number of methods in the class (assuming unity weights for all methods). Depth of Inheritance Tree (DIT). The DIT metric provides for each class a measure of the inheritance levels from the object hierarchy top. Number of Children (NOC). The NOC metric simply measures the number of immediate descendants of the class. Coupling between object classes (CBO). The CBO metric represents the number of classes coupled to a given class (e erent couplings and a erent couplings). These couplings can occur through method calls, eld accesses, inheritance, method arguments, return types, and exceptions.
Advances in Radio Science Improving pedestrian detection using MPEG-7 descriptors

During the last decade, modern Pedestrian Detection Systems made massive use of the steadily growing numbers of high-performance image acquisition sensors. Within our naturalistic driving environment, a lot of different and heterogeneous scenes occur that are caused by varying illumination and weather conditions. Unfortunately, current systems do not work properly under these hardened conditions. The aim of this article is to investigate and evaluate observed video scenes from an open source dataset by using various image features in order to create a basis for robust and more accurate object detection.
Productivity convergence in the European regional agricultures. Determinants of its evolution

The aim of this study is to analyse the evolution of the European regional agricultural productivity in terms of convergence. The initial hypothesis is that, in spite of the integration process, the agricultural productivity does not converge to the same stationary level. Additionally, we try to identify the decisive factors affecting such productivity growth. Productivity related information comes from Cambridge Econometrics database for a set of 125 EU-15 regions in the period 1985-2004. The methodology used consists in traditional beta convergence regressions. The difficulties with cross-sectional estimations require the use of panel data techniques for a better estimation of the speed of convergence. The main results show that convergence occurs to different stationary states and the productivity growth is related to the loss of agricultural employment and to the levels of investment. Moreover, subsidies of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) do not have so far an important role in the productivity growth. It seems that the solution to improve agricultural efficiency is not to increase the market support. CAP instruments should be redefined to stimulate sector investment.
A coordination structure approach to the management of projects

The paper uses object based models to capture and make visible the system level coordination structure of complex projects. These models facilitate the development of a shared view necessary for effective project management. In the paper, development and use of the models are illustrated using examples drawn from the design of custom silicon. We examine three custom silicon design projects to identify the significant coordination problems encountered as well as the difficulties of using activity based project management tools. Then we develop object based models of coordination structure as a tool to overcome these difficulties. We use these models to capture a project manager's view of the four stages of the custom silicon design cycle: design definition, chip design, prototype manufacture, and system integration. We conclude by discussing the relationship between the coordination structure approach and other project management tools, and the managerial advantages of the proposed approach in the management of complex projects. The approach has particular value for the management of projects in which the task structure is complex, uncertain, and unstable, as is typically the case in new product development. >
Memory Based Human Region Detection

Background subtraction is widely used for detecting moving objects; however, color similarity between a background and a moving object is still an important problem. In this paper, we present an exemplar based approach to efficiently detect walking persons that are similar in color to the background. Exemplar database is constructed from couples of degraded and complete human silhouette patterns; the missing parts in an input image obtained by background subtraction are detected by using degraded patterns in the database, and then are compensated by using complete patterns in the database. In our approach, the relationship between the degraded pattern and the complete human silhouette patterns is formulated and compensation of degraded area is performed by optimization in a block-based manner. The experimental results and evaluations of our system are demonstrated.
Functional characterization of 58-kilodalton inhibitor of protein kinase in protecting against diabetic retinopathy via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway

Objective 58-kilodalton inhibitor of protein kinase (P58IPK) plays an important role in preventing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It is an interferon-induced kinase that targets the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of P58IPK in protecting against diabetic retinopathy (DR) by inhibiting ER stress-signaling mediators. Methods A rat diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Overexpression of P58IPK was achieved by intravitreal injection of purified recombinant adeno-associated virus vector (rAAV2)-P58IPK or transfection into rat retinal capillary endothelial cells. Retinal vascular permeability was determined by assessing the Evans Blue retinal leakage. To downregulate the P58IPK level in cultured rat retinal capillary endothelial cells, pGIPZ-P58IPK RNA interference (P58IPKRNAi) was introduced in these cells. Real time reverse transcription (RT)–PCR and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the mRNA and protein levels of Core/emopamil binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Results Retinal blood vessel leakage was significantly decreased in rAAV2-P58IPK-transfected diabetic rats compared with the control diabetic rats. Both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP, TNF-α, and VEGF in the retina of diabetic rats were remarkably reduced in P58IPK-transfected rats. In vitro study further demonstrated that overexpression of P58IPK downregulated the expression of CHOP, TNF-α, and VEGF under high glucose conditions, whereas introduction of P58IPKRNAi enhanced the expression of CHOP, TNF-α, and VEGF. Conclusions These results revealed the protecting role of P58IPK against ER stress-mediated DR in diabetic rats, suggesting that P58IPK may act as a DR-resistant gene during diabetes.
MULTICULTURAL PEDAGOGIES: THREE TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION

Title of Thesis: MULTICULTURAL PEDAGOGIES: THREE TEACHERS' UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION Vanessa Sylvie Calvo Prell, Master of Arts, 2012 Thesis directed by: Professor Robert Croninger Department of Teaching and Learning, Policy and Leadership While multicultural curriculum is widely used, little is known about how teachers conceive of this curriculum. The purpose of this thesis is to explore teachers' understanding and implementation of multicultural curriculum, including the factors that affect, their beliefs about and practices of multicultural education. My study identifies two pedagogies of multicultural education: student centered and curriculum centered. These pedagogies are shaped by the teachers' view of student engagement, teacher authority, curriculum flexibility, and critical thinking. Teachers' motivations to include multicultural curriculum derived from personal experiences with race and culture. However, teachers struggled with organizational barriers such as limited time, incomplete multicultural knowledge, unachievable curriculum standards, and incompatible mandated texts. This research opens avenues for increased reflection upon and use of multicultural