Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between the neuromagnetic responses to sound energy onset and pitch onset suggests common generators

The pitch‐onset response (POR) is a negative component of the auditory evoked field which is elicited when the temporal fine structure of a continuous noise is regularized to produce a pitch perception without altering the gross spectral characteristics of the sound. Previously, we showed that the latency of the POR is inversely related to the pitch value and its amplitude is correlated with the salience of the pitch, suggesting that the underlying generators are part of a pitch‐processing network [Krumbholz, K. , Patterson, R.D. , Seither‐Preisler, A. , Lammertmann, C. & Lütkenhöner, B. (2003) Cereb. Cortex,13, 765–772]. The source of the POR was located near the medial part of Heschl's gyrus. The present study was designed to determine whether the POR originates from the same generators as the energy‐onset response (EOR) represented by the N100m/P200m complex. The EOR to the onset of a noise, and the POR to a subsequent transition from noise to pitch, were recorded as the time interval between the noise onset and the transition varied from 500 to 4000 ms. The mean amplitude of the POR increased by ≈ 5.9 nA.m with each doubling of the time between noise onset and transition. This suggests an interaction between the POR and the EOR, which may be based on common neural generators.
Use of Home-Obtained Vaginal Swabs to Facilitate Rescreening for Chlamydia trachomatis Infections: Two Randomized Controlled Trials

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the use of home-based, self-obtained vaginal swabs among women who were treated for Chlamydia infection can increase rescreening rates in comparison with clinic-based rescreening, and to identify subgroups in which rescreening could be enhanced using self-obtained vaginal swabs. METHODS: Two randomized trials were conducted: one with enrollment in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and the other in family planning clinics. Study participants were recruited from STD (n=880) and family planning clinics (n=412) in three cities. Females aged 16 years or older who were treated for Chlamydia infection were randomly assigned to the home group (swab collection kits mailed to home) or the clinic group (made clinic appointments) for rescreening at 3 months after treatment, with reminder calls about 2 weeks before the scheduled rescreening date. RESULTS: Groups were similar with respect to age and other demographic characteristics. Women assigned to the home group had higher rescreening rates than those in the clinic group. In STD clinics, rescreening rates were 26.7% (home) compared with 19.1% (clinic) (P=.01). In family planning clinics, rescreening rates were 40.8% (home) compared with 20.7% (clinic) (P<.001). Among women reached by reminder calls, rescreening rates were also significantly higher in the home groups: 43.5% compared with 33.0% in STD clinic participants and 59.2% compared with 37.8% in family planning clinic participants (both P<.05). The rates of reinfection ranged from 12.9% to 19.4%, and the differences by group were not statistically significant (P≥.3). CONCLUSION: In STD and family planning clinics, use of home-based, self-obtained vaginal swabs resulted in significant increases in rescreening rates compared with rescreening in the clinic. Home-based specimen collection can be an alternative to clinic-based rescreening for Chlamydia infection in women. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT 00132457. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Mechanisms of Estrogen Receptor Action in the Myocardium

We have previously shown that the myocardium is a target tissue for estrogen. Here, we have identified rapid non-nuclear estrogen effects on the expression of the early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) in cardiomyocytes. Egr-1mRNA and protein were rapidly and strongly induced by estrogen in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK1/2. A promoter analysis study of a 1.2-kilobase Egr-1 promoter fragment revealed that the serum response elements (SREs) but not the estrogen response elements or AP-1 sites are responsible for Egr-1 induction by estrogen, identifying a novel mechanism of estrogen receptor-dependent gene activation in the myocardium. Both estrogen receptor-α and -β induced the Egr-1 promoter via the SREs as well as an artificial promoter consisting of only five SREs in cardiomyocytes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that a protein complex containing serum response factor or an antigenically related protein was recruited to the SREs by estrogen treatment of primary cardiomyocytes. The recruitment of the protein complex was inhibited by the specific estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 as well as the MEK inhibitor PD 98059. Taken together, these results identify SREs as important promoter control elements for an estrogen receptor-dependent mechanism of gene activation in the myocardium.
The Algorithm of R Peak Detection in ECG Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition

A novel automatic R peak detection algorithm that is based on EMD (empirical mode decomposition) and adaptive threshold technique is presented. The R peaks are then identified by computing the first threshold and applying a set of adaptive thresholds that are not limited to a strict range. The proposed algorithm was able to detect R peak with high sensitivity when compared to other algorithms used in Physionet ECG database. Additionally, the new algorithm can successfully detect R peak for a wide variety of ECG shapes.
7.1 An 802.11ac dual-band reconfigurable transceiver supporting up to four VHT80 spatial streams with 116fsrms-jitter frequency synthesizer and integrated LNA/PA delivering 256QAM 19dBm per stream achieving 1.733Gb/s PHY rate

In recent years, the explosive growth of handheld smart devices has demanded increasing network capacity and higher data-rate. With around 1GHz bandwidth in the 5GHz UNII frequency band, 802.11ac offers great flexibility in utilizing a wider signal bandwidth and more complex modulation scheme to achieve the PHY rate up to 1.733Gb/s with VHT160 2×2 MIMO. The increased signal bandwidth from 80MHz (Stage1) to 160MHz (Stage2) poses stringent design challenges for radio transceivers, such as tighter frequency synthesizer phase-noise requirement for better EVM floor, techniques of using integrated high-power PAs for achieving 160MHz operation, and overcoming the effect of LPF 3dB-corner-mismatch-induced Frequency-Dependent IQ imbalance (FD-IQ) [1] due to finite OP-Amp Gain-BW product and submicron process gradient effect. This paper describes a monolithic MIMO 802.11ac Stage-2 Wi-Fi SoC chip with integrated dual-band PA's, LNA's, and T/R switches.
A multivariate GARCH analysis on international stock market integration Korean market case

Financial integration is a phenomenon in which global financial markets are closely connected with each other. This article investigates the integration of Korean stock market with other stock markets using a multivariate GARCH analysis. We chose total seven countries including Korea for this paper based on the amount of export and then we chose major stock indices which can be thought as representative stock markets of those countries. The empirical analysis has shown that countries’ financial integration.
Multi-sense based neural machine translation

Attention mechanism advances the neural machine translation (NMT) by reducing the confusion introduced by irrelevant words in long sentences. However, the confusion caused by ambiguous words hasn't been handled yet and it may be a bottleneck for the NMT model. This paper validates the hypothesis and proposes a simple and flexible framework, which enables the NMT model to only focus on the relevant sense type of the input word in current context. Experiments show that the proposed model achieves substantial improvements on every test set over competitive baselines. Our contributions come from twofold. Firstly, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first effort to introduce the multi-sense representation, which represents each sense type of the word with a sense-specific embedding, into NMT. Secondly, We propose a sense search module which can detect the sense type of the word automatically. Flexibility and versatility are the most attractive characteristic of the proposed sense search module. It can be applied to any other semantic related NLP tasks with little modification.
Impact of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract on Carriage and Infection Due to Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

Meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of selective digestive decontamination have clinical outcome measures, mainly pneumonia and mortality. This meta-analysis has a microbiological endpoint and explores the impact of selective digestive decontamination on Gram-negative and Gram-positive carriage and severe infections. We searched electronic databases, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, previous meta-analyses and conference proceedings with no language restrictions. We included randomised controlled trials which compared the selective digestive decontamination protocol with no treatment or placebo. Three reviewers independently applied selection criteria, performed the quality assessment and extracted the data. The outcome measures were carriage and severe infection due to Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Odds ratios were pooled with the random effect model. Fifty-four randomised controlled trials comprising 9473 patients were included; 4672 patients received selective digestive decontamination and 4801 were controls. Selective digestive decontamination significantly reduced oropharyngeal carriage (odds ratio [OR] 0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07 to 0.23), rectal carriage (OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.31), overall infection (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.28), lower respiratory tract infection (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.20) and bloodstream infection (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.67) due to Gram-negative bacteria. Reduction in Gram-positive carriage was not significant. Gram-positive lower airway infections were significantly reduced (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.78). Gram-positive bloodstream infections were not significantly increased (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.41). The association of parenteral and enteral antimicrobials was superior to enteral antimicrobials in reducing carriage and severe infections due to Gram-negative bacteria. This meta-analysis confirms that selective digestive decontamination mainly targets Gram-negative bacteria; it does not show a significant increase in Gram-positive infection.
Significance of trilineage myelodysplasia in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia during remission rather than at diagnosis

Patients with trilineage myelodysplasia (TMDS) in de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) at diagnosis and remission were clinically evaluated between 1983 and 1996. AML with TMDS (AML/TMDS) was observed in 20 (12%) of 162 patients with de novo AML at diagnosis. Complete remission (CR) was achieved with combination chemotherapy in 12 (67%) of 18 AML/TMDS cases. This CR rate was relatively worse than the rate of 78% (106/136 cases) of AML without TMDS, but this difference was not significant. Disease‐free survival curves also showed no difference between AML/TMDS and AML without TMDS. During remission, eight (67%) of 12 AML/TMDS cases had myelodysplastic remission marrow (AML/MRM). AML/MRM was also seen in seven (7%) of 106 AML cases without TMDS. The actuarial disease‐free survival was significantly lower in AML/MRM than in AML without MRM (P = 0.0003). All of the AML/MRM cases exhibited early leukaemic relapse; median remission duration was only 9 months. Clonal changes occurred in two cases of AML/TMDS and five cases of AML/MRM at the time of relapse. These findings suggest that TMDS during remission predicts a poorer prognosis and early leukaemic relapse when compared with the absence of TMDS.
Evaluation of Akt/mTOR activity in muscle atrophy after rotator cuff tears in a rat model

Atrophy of the rotator cuff muscles is a factor that complicates the treatment of a massive rotator cuff tear (RCT). However, the molecular mechanisms that govern the development of muscle atrophy after RCTs have not been well defined. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a central role in maintaining muscle mass in response to mechanical loading. The role of this pathway in the development of muscle atrophy after a massive RCT remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in the development of muscle atrophy after a RCT and suprascapular nerve (SSN) injury. We evaluated the activity of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and how this pathway interacts with two atrophy‐related genes, MuRF‐1 and MAFbx, in supraspinatus muscles of rats that underwent unilateral complete rotator cuff tendon transection or SSN transection. Akt/mTOR activity was significantly reduced after tendon rupture, but increased after nerve injury. MuRF‐1 and MAFbx were only up‐regulated following denervation. These results suggest that tendon transection leads to a decrease in protein synthesis with down‐regulation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, whereas denervation leads to an increase in protein degradation via up‐regulation of expression of MuRF‐1 and MAFbx. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1440–1446, 2012
Calibrating Longitudinal Cognition in Alzheimer's Disease Across Diverse Test Batteries and Datasets

Background: We sought to identify optimal approaches by calibrating longitudinal cognitive performance across studies with different neuropsychological batteries. Methods: We examined four approaches to calibrate cognitive performance in nine longitudinal studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 10,875): (1) common test, (2) standardize and average available tests, (3) confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with continuous indicators, and (4) CFA with categorical indicators. To compare precision, we determined the minimum sample sizes needed to detect 25% cognitive decline with 80% power. To compare criterion validity, we correlated cognitive change from each approach with 6-year changes in average cortical thickness and hippocampal volume using available MRI data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. Results: CFA with categorical indicators required the smallest sample size to detect 25% cognitive decline with 80% power (n = 232) compared to common test (n = 277), standardize-and-average (n = 291), and CFA with continuous indicators (n = 315) approaches. Associations with changes in biomarkers changes were the strongest for CFA with categorical indicators. Conclusions: CFA with categorical indicators demonstrated greater power to detect change and superior criterion validity compared to other approaches. It has wide applicability to directly compare cognitive performance across studies, making it a good way to obtain operational phenotypes for genetic analyses of cognitive decline among people with AD. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Identification of a Linear Heparin Binding Domain for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Attachment Glycoprotein G

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children worldwide. Infection is mediated, in part, by an initial interaction between attachment protein (G) and a highly sulfated heparin-like glycosaminoglycan (Gag) located on the cell surface. Synthetic overlapping peptides derived from consensus sequences of the G protein ectodomain from both RSV subgroups A and B were tested by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography for their abilities to bind heparin. This evaluation identified a single linear heparin binding domain (HBD) for RSV subgroup A (184A→T198) and B (183K→K197). The binding of these peptides to Vero cells was inhibited by heparin. Peptide binding to two CHO cell mutants (pgsD-677 and pgsA-745) deficient in heparan sulfate or total Gag synthesis was decreased 50% versus the parental cell line, CHO-K1, and decreased an average of 87% in the presence of heparin. The RSV-G HBD peptides were also able to inhibit homologous and heterologous virus infectivity of Vero cells. These results indicate that the sequence184A/183K→198T/K197for RSV subgroups A and B, respectively, defines an important determinant of RSV-G interactions with heparin.
Thoracoabdominal-Aortoiliac Multidetector-Row CT Angiography at 80 and 100 kVp: Assessment of Image Quality and Radiation Dose

Objective:To compare image quality and radiation dose of thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) angiography at 80 and 100 kVp and to assess the feasibility of reducing contrast medium volume from 60 to 45 mL at 80 kVp. Materials and Methods:This retrospective study had institutional review board approval; informed consent was waived. Seventy-five patients who had undergone thoracoabdominal 64-section multidetector-row CT angiography were divided into 3 groups of 25 patients each. Patients of groups A (tube voltage, 100 kVp) and B (tube voltage, 80 kVp) received 60 mL of contrast medium at 4 mL/s. Patients of group C (tube voltage, 80 kVp) received 45 mL of contrast medium at 3 mL/s. Mean aortoiliac attenuation, image noise, and contrast-to-noise ratio were assessed. The measurement of radiation dose was based on the volume CT dose index. Three independent readers assessed the diagnostic image quality. Results:Mean aortoiliac attenuation for group B (621.1 ± 90.5 HU) was significantly greater than for groups A and C (485.2 ± 110.5 HU and 483.1 ± 119.8 HU; respectively) (P < 0.001). Mean image noise was significantly higher for groups B and C than for group A (P < 0.05). The contrast-to-noise ratio did not significantly differ between the groups (group A, 35.0 ± 13.8; group B, 31.7 ± 10.1; group C, 27.3 ± 11.5; P = 0.08). Mean volume CT dose index in groups B and C (5.2 ± 0.4 mGy and 4.9 ± 0.3 mGy, respectively) were reduced by 23.5% and 27.9%, respectively, compared with group A (6.8 ± 0.8 mGy) (P < 0.001). The average overall diagnostic image quality for the 3 groups was graded as good or better. The score for group A was significantly higher than that for group C (P < 0.01), no difference was seen between group A and B (P = 0.92). Conclusions:Reduction of tube voltage from 100 to 80 kVp for thoracoabdominal CT angiography significantly reduces radiation dose without compromising image quality. Reduction of contrast medium volume to 45 mL at 80 kVp resulted in lower but still diagnostically acceptable image quality.
Forecast uncertainty modeling and data management for a cutting-edge security assessment platform

The increasing penetration of renewables and the constraints posed by pan-European market make more and more crucial the need to evaluate the dynamic behaviour of the whole grid and to cope with forecast uncertainties from operational planning to online environment. The FP7 EU project iTesla addresses these needs and encompasses several major objectives, including the definition of a platform architecture, a dynamic data structure, and dynamic model validation. The on line security assessment is characterised by a multi-stage filtering process: this includes a “Monte Carlo like approach” which applies the security rules derived from extensive security analyses performed offline to a set of “new base cases” sampled around the power system (PS) forecast state with the aim to discard as many stable contingencies as possible. The paper will focus on the management of historical data - related to stochastic renewable and load snapshots and forecasts-in order to solve some intrinsic criticalities of raw data and to derive a reliable model of the multivariate distributions of renewables and loads conditioned to the specific forecast state of the grid, with the final aim to generate the “uncertainty region” of states around the forecast state.
Public Sector Reform and Racial Occupational Mobility

Whether the public sector continues to offer African Americans an upwardly mobile “occupational niche” is unclear, especially in the face of contemporary reforms that run counter to workplace protections. In this article, and drawing on overtime data from Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we explore this question with a specific focus on the upward mobility of men into white-collar occupations. Findings suggest that the reform period of 2005–2010, characterized by increased employer discretion and an application of a “business model” to public sector work, undermined African American relative to White promotion prospects. What was once greater racial parity in the incidence, determinants, and timing of upward mobility during the pre-reform period (1985–1990) eroded during the reform period (2005–2010). Promotion-centered inequalities in the private sector, in contrast, while high, were more or less constant across the same time period. We conclude by discussing escalating public sector racial disadvantages, the processes undergirding them, and their implications for the likely contraction of the African American middle class.
Marijuana, Expectancies, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms: A Preliminary Investigation

Abstract Previous work suggests that people might turn to marijuana to alleviate the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and associated distress. Expectancy theories emphasize that the use of drugs correlates with their anticipated effects. The current study examined multivariate links among marijuana use, PTSD symptoms, and expectancies for marijuana-induced changes in those symptoms. Over 650 combat-exposed, male veterans who used marijuana at least once per week completed measures of PTSD symptoms, marijuana expectancies, and marijuana use in an Internet survey. Participants generally expected marijuana to relieve PTSD symptoms, especially those related to intrusions and arousal. Symptoms, expectancies for relief of symptoms, and marijuana consumption correlated significantly. Regressions revealed significant indirect effects of symptoms on use via expectancies, but no significant interactions of expectancies and symptoms. Combat-exposed veterans who use marijuana appear to use more as the magnitude of PTSD symptoms and their expectations of marijuana-induced relief of those symptoms increase. These results emphasize the importance of PTSD treatments in an effort to keep potential negative effects of marijuana to a minimum. They also underscore the import of expectancies in predicting marijuana use.