Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Male Elementary General Music Teachers

The purpose of this study was to describe the essence of being a male elementary general music teacher (MEGMT). I sought answers for two research questions. First, what are the perceived uniquely male experiences in elementary general music teaching? Second, in what ways might gender be a consideration in the preparation of elementary general music teachers? I conducted semistructured interviews of ten current MEGMTs in one New England state. After three cycles of coding, I found four emergent themes: (a) perceived uniquely male issues in teaching, (b) the hiring process and early years, (c) workplace gender issues, and (d) urban teaching overall. These findings both corroborated and contradicted those of the limited studies about MEGMTs, yielding support to investigate MEGMTs’ multifaceted essence further.
4DGenome: a comprehensive database of chromatin interactions

MOTIVATION The 3D structure of the genome plays a critical role in regulating gene expression. Recent progress in mapping technologies for chromatin interactions has led to a rapid increase in this kind of interaction data. This trend will continue as research in this burgeoning field intensifies. RESULTS We describe the 4DGenome database that stores chromatin interaction data compiled through comprehensive literature curation. The database currently covers both low- and high-throughput assays, including 3C, 4C-Seq, 5C, Hi-C, ChIA-PET and Capture-C. To complement the set of interactions detected by experimental assays, we also include interactions predicted by a recently developed computational method with demonstrated high accuracy. The database currently contains ∼8 million records, covering 102 cell/tissue types in five organisms. Records in the database are described using a standardized file format, facilitating data exchange. The vast major of the interactions were assigned a confidence score. Using the web interface, users can query and download database records via a number of annotation dimensions. Query results can be visualized along with other genomics datasets via links to the UCSC genome browser. We anticipate that 4DGenome will be a valuable resource for investigating the spatial structure-and-function relationship of genomes.
Education reform in Mexico: neo-liberalism, 'schizophrenia' and the ethical challenge within the agendas for educational change

This article attempts to place the Mexican education reform signed into law in 2013 within the context of a global neo-liberal teacher quality discourse. The schizoid nature of neo-liberal reform is singled out as particularly problematic and relevant to the Mexican case in which teachers are simultaneously positioned as responsible, autonomous professionals capable of leading educational change, and as a collective body in need of ‘policing’ through evaluation. It is argued that the tensions and ambiguities of this situation, and the coercive component of evaluation, means that substantive educational change through teacher transformation cannot be guaranteed, and that adaptation and simulation among teachers is a more probable outcome. Given this situation I argue that we need to foresee the reform’s failure ‘on the ground’ and to start looking for approaches to teacher development and change that go beyond the traditionally technical approach to teacher training by wholeheartedly embracing the ethical component of teacher experience. Consequently, I argue, research in Mexico needs to be bringing ‘real-life’ teacher experience to the forefront of the educational debate and working hard to develop, document and position alternative approaches to teacher education that engage the whole teacher (heart, body, mind and spirit) in a radical reappraisal of what teaching and learning might come to mean for themselves and their students.
A Comparison of Midazolam with Remifentanil for the Prevention of Myoclonic Movements following Etomidate Injection

Etomidate is a popular anaesthetic induction agent, but it frequently causes myoclonic movements. Although both benzodiazepines and opioids reduce myoclonus, there has been no comparative study between these agents. Thus, we conducted a prospective, randomized study to compare midazolam and remifentanil as pre-treatment agents for reducing etomidate-induced myoclonus in 90 adults undergoing surgery. Patients were pre-treated before the etomidate injection, either with saline (Group C), midazolam 0.5 mg/kg (Group M) or remifentanil 1 μg/kg (Group R). Both Groups M and R showed a significantly lower incidence of myoclonus compared with Group C (17%, 17% and 77%, respectively). The incidence of myoclonus was not significantly different between Groups M and R, but 10% (n = 10) of the patients in Group R experienced remifentanil-related side-effects. We conclude that midazolam is probably a better choice than remifentanil for reducing etomidate-induced myoclonus during anaesthesia induction.
How age affects memory task performance in clinically normal hearing persons

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate memory task performance in different age groups, irrespective of hearing status. Data are collected on a short-term memory task (WAIS-III Digit Span forward) and two working memory tasks (WAIS-III Digit Span backward and the Reading Span Test). The tasks are administered to young (20–30 years, n = 56), middle-aged (50–60 years, n = 47), and older participants (70–80 years, n = 16) with normal hearing thresholds. All participants have passed a cognitive screening task (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)). Young participants perform significantly better than middle-aged participants, while middle-aged and older participants perform similarly on the three memory tasks. Our data show that older clinically normal hearing persons perform equally well on the memory tasks as middle-aged persons. However, even under optimal conditions of preserved sensory processing, changes in memory performance occur. Based on our data, these changes set in before middle age.
Expression of enzymatically active enkephalinase (neutral endopeptidase) in mammalian cells

A cDNA encoding the rat enkephalinase protein (neutral endopeptidase; EC 3.4.24.11) has been constructed from overlapping > 10 cDNA clones. This cDNA was inserted into an expression plasmid containing the cytomegalovirus enhancer and promoter. When transfected with this plasmid, Cos 7 cells transiently expressed the enkephalinase protein in a membrane‐bound state. Recombinant enkephalinase recovered in solubilized extracts from transfected Cos 7 cells was enzymatically active and displayed properties similar to those of the native enzyme with respect to sensitivity to classical enkephalinase inhibitors.
Multi-frame scene-flow estimation using a patch model and smooth motion prior

This paper addresses the problem of estimating the dense 3D motion of a scene over several frames using a set of calibrated cameras. Most current 3D motion estimation techniques are limited to estimating the motion over a single frame, unless a strong prior model of the scene (such as a skeleton) is introduced. Estimating the 3D motion of a general scene is difficult due to untextured surfaces, complex movements and occlusions. In this paper, we show that it is possible to track the surfaces of a scene over several frames, by introducing an effective prior on the scene motion. Experimental results show that the proposed method estimates the dense scene-flow over multiple frames, without the need for multiple-view reconstructions at every frame. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by comparing the estimated motion against a ground truth.
Communication-Efficient Parallel Block Minimization for Kernel Machines

Kernel machines often yield superior predictive performance on various tasks; however, they suffer from severe computational challenges. In this paper, we show how to overcome the important challenge of speeding up kernel machines. In particular, we develop a parallel block minimization framework for solving kernel machines, including kernel SVM and kernel logistic regression. Our framework proceeds by dividing the problem into smaller subproblems by forming a block-diagonal approximation of the Hessian matrix. The subproblems are then solved approximately in parallel. After that, a communication efficient line search procedure is developed to ensure sufficient reduction of the objective function value at each iteration. We prove global linear convergence rate of the proposed method with a wide class of subproblem solvers, and our analysis covers strongly convex and some non-strongly convex functions. We apply our algorithm to solve large-scale kernel SVM problems on distributed systems, and show a significant improvement over existing parallel solvers. As an example, on the covtype dataset with half-a-million samples, our algorithm can obtain an approximate solution with 96% accuracy in 20 seconds using 32 machines, while all the other parallel kernel SVM solvers require more than 2000 seconds to achieve a solution with 95% accuracy. Moreover, our algorithm can scale to very large data sets, such as the kdd algebra dataset with 8 million samples and 20 million features.
Asymptotic Behavior of Partition Functions with Graph Laplacian

We introduce the matrix sums that represent a discrete analog of the matrix models with quartic potential. The probability space is given by the set of all simple n-vertex graphs with the Gibbs weight determined by the graph Laplacian. We study the large-n limit of the free energy per site and show that it is determined by the number of connected acyclic diagrams on the set of two-valent vertices.
Understanding the Effects of Wrongful Imprisonment

Concern about cases of wrongful conviction has arisen across different jurisdictions in recent decades. Some wrongly convicted individuals have spent many years in prison before their convictions are quashed, but little is known about the psychological effects of such miscarriages of justice on them. A preliminary descriptive clinical study examined eighteen men referred for psychiatric assessment after their convictions were quashed on appeal and they were released from long-term imprisonment. Substantial psychiatric morbidity and problems of psychological and social adjustment were evident in most cases. The difficulties of the wrongly convicted and their families were similar to those described in the clinical literature concerning other groups, such as war veterans, who have been exposed to chronic psychological trauma. At least some of the postrelease adjustment problems appeared to be a product of long-term imprisonment per se, which suggests that the "prison effects" literature has significant limitations. Research on the effects of long-term imprisonment has been carried out almost exclusively on prisoners in custody. What is of most importance and relevance is how the effects of long-term imprisonment are manifested after release.
Improving search personalisation with dynamic group formation

Recent research has shown that the performance of search engines can be improved by enriching a user's personal profile with information about other users with shared interests. In the existing approaches, groups of similar users are often statically determined, e.g., based on the common documents that users clicked. However, these static grouping methods are query-independent and neglect the fact that users in a group may have different interests with respect to different topics. In this paper, we argue that common interest groups should be dynamically constructed in response to the user's input query. We propose a personalisation framework in which a user profile is enriched using information from other users dynamically grouped with respect to an input query. The experimental results on query logs from a major commercial web search engine demonstrate that our framework improves the performance of the web search engine and also achieves better performance than the static grouping method.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Pendant-Worn Sensor Device in Measuring Chair Rise Performance in Older Persons

Chair rise performance is incorporated in clinical assessments to indicate fall risk status in older persons. This study investigated the test-retest reliability of a pendant-sensor-based assessment of chair rise performance. Forty-one older persons (28 females, 13 males, age: 72–94) were assessed in two sessions with 3 to 8 days in between. Repeated chair rise transfers were measured after different instructions. Relative and absolute test-retest reliability of chair rise measurements in individual tests and average over all tests were evaluated by means of intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and standard error of measurement (SEM) as a percentage of the measurement mean. Systematic bias between the measurements in test and retest was examined with paired t-tests. Heteroscedasticity of the measurements was visually checked with Bland-Altman plots. In the different test conditions, the ICCs ranged between 0.63 and 0.93, and the SEM% ranged between 5.7% and 21.2%. The relative and absolute reliability of the average over all tests were ICC = 0.86 and SEM% = 9.5% for transfer duration, ICC = 0.93 and SEM% = 9.2% for maximum vertical acceleration, and ICC = 0.89 and SEM% = 10.0% for peak power. The results over all tests indicated that a fall risk assessment application based on pendant-worn-sensor measured chair rise performance in daily life might be feasible.
Allocation Guidelines for IPv6 Multicast Addresses

This document specifies guidelines that must be implemented by any entity responsible for allocating IPv6 multicast addresses. This includes, but is not limited to, any documents or entities wishing to assign permanent IPv6 multicast addresses, allocate dynamic IPv6 multicast addresses, and define permanent IPv6 multicast group identifiers. The purpose of these guidelines is to reduce the probability of IPv6 multicast address collision, not only at the IPv6 layer, but also at the link-layer of media that encode portions of the IP layer address into the MAC layer address.
On squares, cubes, ... in Z[[x]]*

Motivated by the discovery that the eighth root of the theta series of the E8 lattice and the 24th root of the theta series of the Leech lattice both have integer coefficients, we investigate the question of when an arbitrary element f ∈ Z[[x]] can be written as f = g for g ∈ Z[[x]], n ≥ 2. Let Pn := {gn | g ∈ Z[[x]]∗} and let μn := n ∏ p|n p. We show among other things that (i) for f ∈ Z[[x]], f ∈ Pn ⇔ f (mod μn) ∈ Pn, and (ii) if f ∈ Pn, up to sign there is a unique g ∈ Pn with coefficients mod μn/n such that f ≡ g (mod μn). In particular, if f ≡ 1 (mod μn) then f ∈ Pn. The latter assertion implies that the theta series of any extremal even unimodular lattice in R (e.g. E8 ∈ R) is in Pn if n is of the form 235 (i ≥ 3). There do not seem to be any exact analogues for codes, although we show that the weight enumerator of the rth order Reed-Muller code of length 2 is in P2r (and similarly that the theta series of the Barnes-Wall lattice BW2m is in P2m). We give a number of other results and conjectures, and establish a conjecture of Paul D. Hanna that there is a unique element f ∈ Pn (n ≥ 2) with coefficients restricted to the set {1, 2, . , n}. (1) Supported by the AT&T Labs Fellowship Program. (2) To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Energy Sharing and Energy Feedback: Affective and Behavioral Reactions to Communal Energy Displays

Smart meters and energy displays are being rolled out in many countries to help individuals monitor and reduce their energy usage. However, to date there is little in depth understanding of how they may change behavior. While there is currently a great deal of technical research into developing smart metering, little research has been conducted on how this affects the energy user. This research addresses this gap and explores the user perspective of energy displays when energy is considered as a shared resource. We report an online experiment conducted across the UK examining affective and behavioral responses to energy sharing situations incorporating different types of energy displays. Reactions differed depending on the type of display. In a situation where one person used more than their fair share of energy, displays showing the average amount of usage in the house were associated with feelings of guilt and fear and a decrease in intention to use energy. Displays that identified the person who overused the resource were associated with anger, and direct sanction intentions on those who were overusing energy. Findings are discussed in terms of the smart meter rollout and the potential utility of detailed energy monitoring technologies for behavior change.
Five emotion classes detection in real-world call center data : the use of various types of paralinguistic features

Over the last few years, affective systems have become a growing field of research in computer science. But until now, most studies have been done on artificial data or on a few disjointed classes, mainly two classes (positive vs. negative). The complexity of the recognition task increases the higher the number of classes and the finest and closest these classes are. Finding relevant features of various types becomes essential in order to improve the detection performances. In this paper we report on our experiments focusing on a task of discriminating 5 emotions, Fear, Anger, Sadness, Neutral and Relief from a corpus of real-world audio data from a French Human-Human call-center. With only acoustic features (107 features) and without any knowledge about the speech transcription, we obtained a detection rate of 45%. By adding knowledge derived from the orthographic transcription (disfluences, affect bursts, phonemic alignment) and after the selection of the best 25 features, we achieved 56% of good detection.
The Space Complexity of Processing XML Twig Queries Over Indexed Documents

Current twig join algorithms incur high memory costs on queries that involve child-axis nodes. In this paper we provide an analytical explanation for this phenomenon. In a first large-scale study of the space complexity of evaluating XPath queries over indexed XML documents we show the space to depend on three factors: (1) whether the query is a path or a tree; (2) the types of axes occurring in the query and their occurrence pattern; and (3) the mode of query evaluation (filtering, full- fledged, or "pattern matching"). Our lower bounds imply that evaluation of a large class of queries that have child-axis nodes indeed requires large space. Our study also reveals that on some queries there is a large gap between the space needed for pattern matching and the space needed for full-fledged evaluation or filtering. This implies that many existing twig join algorithms, which work in the pattern matching mode, incur significant space overhead. We present a new twig join algorithm that avoids this overhead. On certain queries our algorithm is exceedingly more space-efficient than existing algorithms, sometimes bringing the space down from linear in the document size to constant.
Planar Wave Propagation Through a Tapered Flagellated Nanoswimmer

Nanoswimmers are important because of their potential use for the purpose of drug delivery, monitoring, and diagnostics for in vivo biomedical application. They mimic microorganisms and mostly modeled as propelled by beating or rotating flagella. In the vast literature available on modeling of flagellar propulsion, the flagellum is considered constant diameter where as the actual microorganism have tapered flagella. The present study deals with the modeling and simulation of planar wave propagation through a tapered flagellum of a nanoswimmer for a given taper ratio. The performance parameters of velocity and efficiency are compared with the uniform diameter case. Taper diameter modeling of flagellum gives a superior performance by indicating higher velocity and efficiency. The parametric study with respect to the elasticity of the material of the flagellum and its beat frequency is also analyzed. The performance increases with increasing frequency, and the maxima for both velocity and efficiency of the tapered case is reached at a lower elasticity than the uniform case. The maximum efficiency of the taper case is almost double the maxima of the uniform diameter flagellum. The observations in the present study can be utilized while designing artificial flagellum for nanoswimmers and suggests that the tapered flagellum would be a more optimal choice of design as compared to the uniform one of the same volume.
Experiences of Selected Emerging Adults With Emotional or Behavioral Difficulties in Higher Education

Postsecondary education is an important component of career development and achievement. However, students with emotional or behavioral difficulties (EBDs) are less likely to attend a postsecondary institution than their nondisabled peers and peers with disabilities. This qualitative study explored the experiences of emerging adults diagnosed with an EBD who are working toward their academic goals in a postsecondary setting. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews and brief follow-up interviews with five participants, aged 18 to 25. Various themes emerged from the study, including salient aspects of living with an EBD, how having an EBD impacts their transition experiences at a postsecondary institution, the ability to achieve their goals, and how they are able to manage these challenges.
Locating Shadows in Aerial Photographs Using Imprecise Elevation Data

Realistic images of terrain can be created by texture mapping aerial photographs onto elevation data. However, lighting and shadows in the original photographs are a problem when multiple aerial photos are merged, or when the sun direction used for the generated image is different from the original aerial photograph. Our goal is to generate a terrain surface reflectance map from an aerial photograph. This will be used to simulate a new aerial photograph with different lighting and viewing directions. We are concentrating on forest and mountain areas for use in ecosystem management and modeling applications. One key to generating realistic new images is finding shadows cast by the terrain in the original aerial photographs. Digital elevation values are uncertain due to vertical imprecision in the measurement process and coarse sample spacing. This uncertainty can result in substantial differences between calculated shadow positions and actual shadow locations in photographs when conventional shadow location methods are used. We have developed a technique which takes into account this uncertainty to determine the probability that any given point on the terrain is in sunlight or shadow in the aerial photograph. This shadow probability is crucial to accurate calculation of the reflectance of terrain points corresponding to the pixels of the original aerial photograph. Copyright c 1995, Mark R. Stevens, Larry D. Pyeatt, David J. Houlton, and Michael E. Goss. All or part of this material may be copied without fee for non–commercialeducationaluse, provided that this copyright notice, the title and the author names appear on all copies, and that no fee is charged in excess of the cost of duplication. Any other copying or publication of this material requires specific permission from the copyright holders.