Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What collective? Collectivism and relationalism from a Chinese perspective

Individualism and collectivism form a paired concept frequently used in studying cross-cultural communication. Yet conflicting findings on collectivism have led researchers to question its applicability across cultures, especially concerning the meaning of “collective”. By definition, “collective” refers to large groups that, through a common identity, tie the members together into a community. The scale to measure collectivism, however, has often used in-group members as examples to explore the way respondents relate to others. As these “others” were used to stand for “collectives”, something that they are not, the meaning of collectivism became muddied, and its validity and reliability suffered. A re-examination of the collectivism concept from a Chinese standpoint is called for, as Confucian teachings have been considered as the philosophical basis for collectivism, and East Asian societies – especially Chinese societies – have often been seen as prototypical collectivist cultures. The purpose of this paper is, however, not to propose a Chinese version of collectivism. Rather, the goal is to clearly distinguish between “collective” and “others” in studying collectivism. Based on an in-depth analysis of Chinese and Confucian cultures and the literature on guanxi, it is argued that the concept of relationalism will more closely reflect the way self relates to others in these societies. Moreover, a tripartite model of individualism, relationalism, and collectivism will provide a more comprehensive framework for the study of the way self relates to others in a cross-cultural context.
Transfer and Generalizability of Foreign Language Learning

Abstract : Knowing a foreign language provides an advantage for understanding, working in, and building relationships with a particular language community. However, military personnel can expect to encounter multiple languages in their operational experiences over a career. Thus, it is important to understand what impact learning a foreign language has beyond its applications with a specific population. This report reviews research on the extent to which foreign language proficiency facilitates further language and cultural learning. Empirical research shows relationships among language learning and intercultural and language-related outcomes, but evidence for a direct causal contribution is lacking. In children, knowing a second language develops metalinguistic awareness, which can contribute to further language learning. However, other factors limit the degree of proficiency that can be expected. Evidence of benefits for cross-cultural attitudes and behavior is similarly scarce. The likely impact of language education and training on adults is therefore unknown, particularly for personnel who lack intrinsic motivation or language aptitude, or who hold negative attitudes about the language community. General characteristics such as intercultural sensitivity and interpersonal skills have been shown to contribute more to outcomes than do language skills. Evidence is currently insufficient to view language as the cornerstone of cultural capability.
The National Library of Luxembourg

The origins of the National Library of Luxembourg (Bibliothèque nationale de Luxembourg, BnL) date back to 1798. This article provides an historical overview, outlines the core missions and describes the collections. Because several languages are spoken in Luxembourg, the BnL offers interface menus to the catalogues in French, German and English. The BnL coordinates the national network bibnet.lu of Luxembourgish libraries and is maintaining their integrated library information systems. It cooperates with the library of the University of Luxembourg and the documentation centres of three research centres as a member and coordinator of the Consortium Luxembourg for the acquisition and management of electronic publications. A programme to digitize the country's printed heritage has begun with historic newspapers. The BnL contributes to the Europeana digital library.
Collaborative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using hard decision combining with quality information

We propose a collaborative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio using hard decision in combination with quality information. This scheme necessitates to determine three thresholds at the local detector. One threshold is determined by a pre-specified local probability of false alarm, and the other two optimal thresholds are found using distance measure criteria. Simulation results show that the scheme outperforms conventional hard decision combining. We also evaluate the scheme under imperfect reporting channels, modeled as binary symmetric channels with varying binary error probabilities.
The Staphylococcus aureus Response to Unsaturated Long Chain Free Fatty Acids: Survival Mechanisms and Virulence Implications

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal and opportunistic pathogen responsible for a wide range of infections. Long chain unsaturated free fatty acids represent a barrier to colonisation and infection by S. aureus and act as an antimicrobial component of the innate immune system where they are found on epithelial surfaces and in abscesses. Despite many contradictory reports, the precise anti-staphylococcal mode of action of free fatty acids remains undetermined. In this study, transcriptional (microarrays and qRT-PCR) and translational (proteomics) analyses were applied to ascertain the response of S. aureus to a range of free fatty acids. An increase in expression of the σB and CtsR stress response regulons was observed. This included increased expression of genes associated with staphyloxanthin synthesis, which has been linked to membrane stabilisation. Similarly, up-regulation of genes involved in capsule formation was recorded as were significant changes in the expression of genes associated with peptidoglycan synthesis and regulation. Overall, alterations were recorded predominantly in pathways involved in cellular energetics. In addition, sensitivity to linoleic acid of a range of defined (sigB, arcA, sasF, sarA, agr, crtM) and transposon-derived mutants (vraE, SAR2632) was determined. Taken together, these data indicate a common mode of action for long chain unsaturated fatty acids that involves disruption of the cell membrane, leading to interference with energy production within the bacterial cell. Contrary to data reported for other strains, the clinically important EMRSA-16 strain MRSA252 used in this study showed an increase in expression of the important virulence regulator RNAIII following all of the treatment conditions tested. An adaptive response by S. aureus of reducing cell surface hydrophobicity was also observed. Two fatty acid sensitive mutants created during this study were also shown to diplay altered pathogenesis as assessed by a murine arthritis model. Differences in the prevalence and clinical importance of S. aureus strains might partly be explained by their responses to antimicrobial fatty acids.
A Dynamical Approach to an Inertial Forward-Backward Algorithm for Convex Minimization

We introduce a new class of forward-backward algorithms for structured convex minimization problems in Hilbert spaces. Our approach relies on the time discretization of a second-order differential system with two potentials and Hessian-driven damping, recently introduced in [H. Attouch, P.-E. Mainge, and P. Redont, Differ. Equ. Appl. , 4 (2012), pp. 27--65]. This system can be equivalently written as a first-order system in time and space, each of the two constitutive equations involving one (and only one) of the two potentials. Its time dicretization naturally leads to the introduction of forward-backward splitting algorithms with inertial features. Using a Liapunov analysis, we show the convergence of the algorithm under conditions enlarging the classical step size limitation. Then, we specialize our results to gradient-projection algorithms and give some illustrations of sparse signal recovery and feasibility problems.
Soft-edge flip-flops for improved timing yield: design and optimization

Parameter variations cause high yield losses due to their large impact on circuit delay. In this paper, we propose the use of so-called soft-edge flip-flops as an effective way to mitigate these yield losses. Soft-edge flip-flops have a small window of transparency (ranging from 0.25-3 FO4) instead of a hard edge, allowing limited cycle stealing on critical paths, and thus compensating for delay variations. By enabling time borrowing, soft-edge flip-flops allow random delay variations to average out across multiple logic stages. In addition, they address small amounts of delay unbalance between logic stages, further maximizing the frequency of operation. We develop a library of soft-edge flip-flops with varying amounts of softness. We show that the power and area overhead of soft-edge flip-flops grows directly with the amount of softness. We then propose a statistically aware flip-flop assignment algorithm that maximizes the gain in timing yield while minimizing the incurred power overhead. Experimental results on a wide range of benchmark circuits show that the proposed approach improves the mean delay by 1.9-22.3% while simultaneously reducing the standard deviation of delay by 1.9-24.1% while increasing power by a small amount (0.3-2.8%).
Interaction of attentional and lexical processes in neglect dyslexia

Abstract Two cases of “left” neglect dyslexia are examined. The two patients show qualitatively similar problems of reading behaviour, although they differ quantitatively in terms of the exposure durations under which neglect dyslexia is manifest. Like other neglect patients documented in the literature, the two patients made mainly substitution errors to the left-hand letter in words, tending to misname the word as a neighbour of similar length. Unlike some patients, the two patients here showed lexical effects (i.e. they performed better with words than with nonwords, and they found words with many orthographic neighbours more difficult to identify than those with few orthographic neighbours). In addition, the patients were susceptible to attempts to manipulate the locus of attention, they were induced into producing addition errors by placing a hash at the left-hand end of letter strings, and their neglect reflected the position of the letter in the string rather than in the visual field. The argument .
Intelligent Hybrid Approach for Multi Robots- Multi Objectives Motion Planning Optimization

This paper proposes enhanced approach to find multi objective optimization and obstacle avoidance of motion planning problem for multi mobile robots that have to move smoothly, safely with a shorter time and minimum distance along curvature-constrained motion planning in completely known dynamic environments. The research includes two stages: the first stage is to find an multi objective optimal path and trajectory planning for each robot individually using the Enhanced GA with modified A*. The second stage consists of designing a fuzzy logic to control the movement of the robots with collision free. The global optimal trajectory is fed to fuzzy motion controller which has ability to regenerate the local trajectory of the robot based on the probability of having another dynamic robot in the area. A simulation of the strategy has been presented and the results show that the proposed approach is able to achieve multi objective optimization of motion planning for multi mobile robot in dynamic environment efficiently. Also, it has the ability to find a solution when the environment is complex and the number of obstacles is increasing. The performance of the above mentioned approach has been found to be satisfactory of dynamic obstacle avoidance.
Living and Really Living: The Gap Year and the Commodification of the Contingent

Gap years are associated with periods or breaks, usually in an unfamiliar location, between secondary and tertiary education or one job and another. Explanations for their popularity are found in promotional material on them. These describe the contrasts between the mundane life of subjects in familiar locations and/or situations and the adventure to be had in locations and/or situations seen as unfamiliar, even exotic. The gap year is a time of adventure as well as a means for improving career and educational prospects. In this regard, the ordinary life of paid employment merges into the exceptional life of the gap year. It is ‘the time of your life’, a period that from another perspective trains and vitalises the subject for the priorities of capital. It is this relationship between the ordinary life of home and the exceptional life of the gap year, or the priorities of capital and subjective desires as spatially and temporally configured, that this article addresses. By referring to promotional material from companies supporting gap years, the article examines the orientations and activities that complement career / lifestyle success. These are described, through a productive reading of Jacques Lacan’s notion of ‘enjoyment’, as injunctions to be enterprising, to enjoy and to be ethical. The work of Slavoj iek helps situate the appeal of the gap year here and in terms of a desire to exceed the commodified limits of late-capitalism. With reference to the Lacanian concept of the Real, the event of the gap year, as a moment of excess or contingency, becomes the authentic referent or trauma for (re)imagining the subject for the labour market. Through the gap year example these points are distilled into a more general and essential argument about the relationship of the subject to free-market capitalism.
Demystifying the role of mitochondria in senescence

ABSTRACT In a study published in The EMBO Journal, we demonstrated that mitochondria are necessary for the proinflammatory phenotype of senescence. Furthermore, we identified a new senescence-regulatory pathway involving mTOR-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. These data highlight mitochondria as targets for interventions that counteract the pro-aging effects of senescence while preserving tumor suppression.
Collaborative Ontology Construction for Information Integration

Information integration is enabled by having a precisely defined common terminology. We call this combination of terminology and definitions an ontology . We have developed a set of tools and services to support the process of achieving consensus on such a common shared ontologies by geographically distributed groups. These tools make use of the world-wide web to enable wide access and provide users with the ability to publish, browse, create, and edit ontologies stored on an ontology server. Users can quickly assemble a new ontology from a library of modules. We discuss how our system was constructed, how it exploits existing protocols and browsing tools, and our experience supporting hundreds of users. We describe applications using our tools to achieve consensus on ontologies and to integrate information. The ontology server may be accessed through the URL http://www-ksl-svc.stanford. edu:5915/
Modeling and Verification of TTCAN Startup Protocol Using Synchronous Calendar

We describe the modeling and verification of TTCAN startup protocol using SAL model checker. For the modeling purposes we propose a new modeling framework called Synchronous Calendar which can be seen as an adaptation of Calendar based models introduced by Duterte and Sorea. A Synchronous Calendar can express dense time systems without relying on continuously varying clocks and supports synchronous message transmission. We capture both fault-free and fault-tolerant aspects of startup algorithm of TTCAN in two different models and verify the safety and liveness properties for them. Our verification technique relies on induction and abstraction methods which are supported by SAL model checker. To our knowledge this is the first work towards a formal analysis of TTCAN startup protocol.
Bmc Medical Informatics and Decision Making an Assessment of Recently Published Gene Expression Data Analyses: Reporting Experimental Design and Statistical Factors

Background: The analysis of large-scale gene expression data is a fundamental approach to functional genomics and the identification of potential drug targets. Results derived from such studies cannot be trusted unless they are adequately designed and reported. The purpose of this study is to assess current practices on the reporting of experimental design and statistical analyses in gene expression-based studies.
Detection, motion planning and control of human tracking mobile robots

In this paper, a method combining detection, motion planning and control of human tracking mobile robots is discussed. Using face recognition and detection of a pair of human legs via a stereo vision camera and 2D laser scanner, respectively, the human position is estimated. Based on the differential flatness property of the kinematic model of the mobile robot, the trajectory of the robot to the moving human is planned in real-time. The combined motion planning and control method is used for tracking a detected human.
Molecular analysis of odd‐skipped, a zinc finger encoding segmentation gene with a novel pair‐rule expression pattern.

odd‐skipped (odd) is one of eight known pair‐rule genes that establish portions of alternating segments during Drosophila embryogenesis; odd mutant embryos exhibit pattern defects in anterior regions of odd‐numbered segments. P element transposon tagging was used to clone 25 kb of DNA from the odd genomic region. Molecular analysis of phenotypic revertants confirmed that the P element used to tag the locus was responsible for the corresponding odd mutation, and significant structural changes were identified in two additional odd mutants. Several cDNA clones derived from a 2.2 kb embryonic transcript were isolated and the longest was sequenced. The predicted odd protein of 392 amino acids is highly basic and contains four tandem Cys‐Cys/His‐His zinc finger repeats, consistent with a presumed function for odd as a DNA binding protein and transcriptional regulator. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that odd transcripts accumulate in a dynamic pattern during early embryogenesis, with two temporally distinct modes of expression. The first mode results in a ‘pair‐rule’ pattern of seven stripes at the blastoderm stage, representing the expected double segment periodicity. During gastrulation, the seven primary stripes are supplemented by secondary stripes which appear in alternate segments, resulting in the equivalent labeling of every segment in the extended germ band. Similar double to single segment transitions have now been reported for four of the six pair‐rule genes analyzed.
Congestion control for multimedia applications in the wireless internet

This paper provides a parallel review of two important issues for the next‐generation multimedia networking. Firstly, the emerging multimedia applications require a fresh approach to congestion control in the Internet. Currently, congestion control is performed by TCP; it is optimised for data traffic flows, which are inherently elastic. Audio and video traffic do not find the sudden rate fluctuations imposed by the TCP multiplicative‐decrease control algorithm optimal. The second important issue is the mobility support for multimedia applications. Wireless networks are characterized by a substantial packet loss due to the imperfection of the radio medium. This increased packet loss disturbs the foundation of TCP's loss‐based congestion control. This paper contributes to the ongoing discussion about the Internet congestion control by providing a parallel analysis of these two issues. The paper describes the main challenges, design guidelines, and existing proposals for the Internet congestion control, optimised for the multimedia traffic in the wireless network environment. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy Pattern-Based with Laplacianfaces Biometric Pattern Matching Algorithm for Face Recognition

In face recognition system, the efficiency and face detection rate is the key issue for designing the algorithm because the computer can recognize very large number of faces with high computational speed but it is not as efficient as human. There are many modern face recognition algorithms which efficiently detect face but also have false recognition. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid algorithm and method FPBL (Fuzzy Pattern-Based with Laplacianfaces) for face detection to enhance the true recognition rate and minimize the false recognition rate. We analyze and compare the performance and results of modern pattern matching and face recognition algorithms like Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces, Laplacianfaces and Fuzzy method with FPBL. The implementation result shows that performance and accuracy of our proposed method gives the efficient and significant face recognition rate compared to other algorithms.
CT of Anatomic Variants of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Poor Correlation With Radiologically Significant Rhinosinusitis but Importance in Surgical Planning.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of sinonasal anatomic variants and to assess their relation to sinonasal mucosal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective evaluation of 192 sinus CT examinations of patients with a clinical history of rhinosinusitis was conducted. The CT scans were evaluated for the presence of several anatomic variants of the sinonasal cavities, and the prevalence of each variant was calculated. Prevalences of all sinonasal anatomic variants were compared between patients who had minimal to no apparent imaging evidence of rhinosinusitis and those who had radiologic evidence of clinically significant rhinosinusitis. RESULTS The most common normal variants were nasal septal deviation, Agger nasi cells, and extension of the sphenoid sinuses into the posterior nasal septum. We found no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of any of the studied anatomic variants between patients with minimal and those with clinically significant paranasal sinus or nasal cavity disease. CONCLUSION Analysis of every routine CT scan of the paranasal sinuses obtained for sinusitis or rhinitis for the presence of different anatomic variants is of questionable value unless surgery is planned.
Inter-usability and the Presentation of Multi-modal Feedback for Physical Activity and Diabetic Type II Patients

In the EU Artemis project Smarcos we developed a personal attentive system that supports users in attaining a healthy lifestyle. The system is a persuasive system. Persuasive systems, and especially behaviour change support systems (BCSS) are information systems designed to form, alter or reinforce attitudes, behaviours or an act of complying without using deception, coercion or inducements. BCSS support people in their daily life by providing support by means of a human or digital coach. These systems can support users in coping with chronic diseases like COPD and diabetics, but also to be more physical active.