Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insights Into Statin Intolerance

Stephen Kopecky, MD, FACC, FACP; Seth Baum, MD, FACC, FACPM, FAHA, FNLA; JoAnne M. Foody, MD, FACC, FAHA; Michael Koren, MD, FACC; James McKenney, PharmD, FNLA; Laurence Sperling, MD, FACC, FAHA, FACP; Nathan D. Wong, PhD, MPH, FACC, FAHA; Statin Intolerance Roundtable Participants Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (Kopecky), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Women’s Preventive Cardiology Center (Baum), Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, Florida; Global Center for Scientific Affairs (Foody), Merck Research Labs, Kenilworth, New Jersey; Jacksonville Center for Clinical Research (Koren), Jacksonville, Florida; National Clinical Research, Inc. (McKenney), Richmond, Virginia; Emory Heart Disease Prevention Center (Sperling), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Heart Disease Prevention Program (Wong), University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
Twisted Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Promotes Progression of Surviving Bladder Cancer T24 Cells with hTERT-Dysfunction

Background Human cancer cells maintain telomeres to protect cells from senescence through telomerase activity (TA) or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in different cell types. Moreover, cellular senescence can be bypassed by Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during cancer progression in diverse solid tumors. However, it has not been elucidated the characteristics of telomere maintenance and progression ability after long-term culture in bladder cancer T24 cells with hTERT dysfunction. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, by using a dominant negative mutant human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) vector to inhibit TA in bladder cancer T24 cells, we observed the appearance of long phenotype of telomere length and the ALT-associated PML body (APB) complex after the 27th passage, indicating the occurrence of ALT-like pathway in surviving T24/DN868A cells with telomerase inhibition. Meanwhile, telomerase inhibition resulted in significant EMT as shown by change in cellular morphology concomitant with variation of EMT markers. Consistently, the surviving T24/DN868A cells showed increased progression ability in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we found Twist was activated to mediate EMT in surviving T24/DN868A samples. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our findings indicate that bladder cancer T24 cells may undergo the telomerase-to-ALT-like conversion and promote cancer progression at advanced stages through promoting EMT, thus providing novel possible insight into the mechanism of resistance to telomerase inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Compressing IP Forwarding Tables: Towards Entropy Bounds and Beyond

Lately, there has been an upsurge of interest in compressed data structures, aiming to pack ever larger quantities of information into constrained memory without sacrificing the efficiency of standard operations, like random access, search, or update. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate how data compression can benefit the networking community by showing how to squeeze the IP Forwarding Information Base (FIB), the giant table consulted by IP routers to make forwarding decisions, into information-theoretical entropy bounds, with essentially zero cost on longest prefix match and FIB update. First, we adopt the state of the art in compressed data structures, yielding a static entropy-compressed FIB representation with asymptotically optimal lookup. Then, we redesign the venerable prefix tree, used commonly for IP lookup for at least 20 years in IP routers, to also admit entropy bounds and support lookup in optimal time and update in nearly optimal time. Evaluations on a Linux kernel prototype indicate that our compressors encode an FIB comprising more than 440 K prefixes to just about 100-400 kB of memory, with a threefold increase in lookup throughput and no penalty on FIB updates.
Variational Framework for Non-Local Inpainting

Image inpainting aims to obtain a visually plausible image interpolation in a region of the image in which data is missing due to damage or occlusion. Usually, the only available information is the portion of the image outside the inpainting domain. Besides its numerous applications, the inpainting problem is of theoretical interest since its analysis involves an understanding of the self-similarity present in natural images. In this work, we present a detailed description and implementation of three exemplar-based inpainting methods derived from the variational framework introduced by Arias et al.
Surprisal-aware scheduling of PTZ cameras

An approach is presented for scheduling PTZ cameras on guard tours with two or more fields of view. In contrast to the target tracking of previous work, this approach seeks to optimise the coverage of the area under surveillance. Specifically, the aim is to minimise the surprisal (self-information) of events in unobserved fields of view. An entropy driven scheduler based on Kullback-Leibler divergence (information gain) is presented, and compared with three naive schedulers (random, round robin and constant selection of one field of view). Experiments investigate its performance on networks of ten cameras. These are evaluated over factors including four different scheduling approaches, different numbers of fields of view, and different inactive times whilst switching views. They demonstrate the efficacy of the entropy driven scheduler as it outperforms the naive schedulers by a significant margin by favouring certain fields of view that are more likely to reveal events with high surprisal value. The scheduler is target agnostic, as it operates on low level properties of the video signal, specifically, occupancy as determined by background subtraction. This permits an efficient implementation that is independent of the number of targets in the area under surveillance. As each camera is scheduled independently, the approach is scalable via distributed implementation, including on smart cameras.
Reinforcement effects of multiwall carbon nanotubes in elastomeric matrices: Comparison with other types of fillers

Mechanical and electrical properties of composites based on butyl rubber and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are investigated. Gradual increases in elastic moduli are observed with the filler content. It was found that the degree of strain affects the electrical resistivity. Finally, the level of reinforcement imparted to a rubbery matrix by carbon nanotubes is compared with that provided by other types of fillers such as carbon black, clay fibers or layered silicates.
Fields of origin and pathways of the interhemispheric commissures in the temporal lobe of macaques

The interhemispheric connections of the cortical areas of the temporal lobe and some neighboring regions were investigated in monkeys (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis) by anterograde autoradiographic tracing, following injection of radioactively labeled amino acids. The results revealed that the interhemispheric projections of the temporal lobe course through three interhemispheric commissures on their way to the opposite hemisphere. The anterior commissure receives fibers from virtually the entire temporal lobe, including the temporal pole, superior and inferior temporal gyri, and parahippocampal gyrus. Moreover, area 13 of the orbitofrontal cortex, the frontal and temporal subdivisions of the prepiriform cortex, and the cortical and deep nuclei of the amygdala also contribute fibers to the anterior commissure. The heaviest projections arise in the rostral third of the temporal isocortex. These projections become progressively lighter from more caudal regions.
A compact and efficient flywheel energy storage system with integrated magnetic bearings

There is demand for high-speed but light-weight flywheel system for energy and momentum storage. The applications range from replacements for batteries, uninterruptible power supplies and even in space satellites. This paper proposes a new design of a mechanically contactless flywheel system which should be both compact and energy efficient. The flywheel acts as the rotor of the drive system and is sandwiched between two disk-type stators. A combination of active and passive magnet bearings allows the rotor-flywheel to spin and remains in magnetic levitation. The design principles, mathematical model, control theory and simulation results are presented in this paper
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) Studies of the Relationship between Interchain Interactions, Morphology, Photodamage, and Energy Transport in Conjugated Polymer Films

It is becoming increasingly clear that the way in which a conjugated polymer film is cast affects the interactions between polymer chains and thus the optical and electrical properties of the film. Given that conjugated polymer films cast in different ways also show different nanometer-scale surface topographies, the question that arises is: What is the correlation between surface topography, local chain packing, and the local electronic properties of a conjugated polymer film? In this paper, we address this question using fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to examine films of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2‘-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH-PPV) that were prepared in different ways. The spatially resolved photoluminescence (SRPL) spectra collected on top of the nanometer-scale topographic features (“bumps”) exhibited by spin-cast MEH-PPV films show an enhancement of the red portion of the emission relative to spectra collected from flat regions of the film. Moreover, photooxidativ.
Numerical Representations as Higher−Order Nested Datatypes

Number systems serve admirably as templates for container types: a container object of size n is modelled after the representation of the number n and operations on container objects are modelled after their number-theoretic counterparts. Binomial queues are probably the rst data structure that was designed with this analogy in mind. In this paper we show how to express these so-called numerical representations as higher-order nested datatypes. A nested datatype allows to capture the structural invariants of a numerical representation, so that the violation of an invariant can be detected at compile-time. We develop a programming method which allows to adapt algorithms to the new representation in a mostly straightforward manner. The framework is employed to implement three diierent container types: binary random-access lists, binomial queues, and 2-3 nger search trees. The latter data structure, which is treated in some depth, can be seen as the main innovation from a data-structural point of view. It appears that 2-3 nger search trees are the best known purely functional implementation of ordered sequences. In detail, 2-3 nger search trees support the operations ndMin, ndMax, deleteMin, and deleteMax in (1) amortized time and member, insert, and delete in (log(minfd; n ? dg)) amortized time where d is the distance from the smallest element. In addition, concatenation is supported in (log(minfn1; n2g)), splitting in (log(minfd; n ? dg)), and merge in (ns log(n ` =ns)) amortized time where ns is the size of the shorter and n ` the size of the longer sequence. These bounds remain valid even if the data structure is used in a persistent setting. 'I wish life was not so short,' he thought. 'Languages take such a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about. '"
Cardiomyocyte S1P1 Receptor-mediated Extracellular Signal-related Kinase Signaling and Desensitization

We examined the ability of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) to desensitize extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase linked to antiapoptotic responses in the heart. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, S1P (10 nM-5 μM) induced ERK phosphorylation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. S1P stimulation of ERK was completely inhibited by an S1P1/3 subtype receptor antagonist (VPC23019), by a Gi protein inhibitor (pertussis toxin) and by a mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor (PD98059). A selective S1P3 receptor antagonist (CAY10444) had no effect on S1P-induced ERK activation. The selective S1P1 agonist SEW2871 also induced ERK phosphorylation. Activation of ERK by restimulation with 100 nM S1P was suppressed after 1 hour of preincubation with 100 nM S1P but recovered fully the next day, suggesting receptor recycling. Similar results were obtained in protein kinase Cϵ-null cardiomyocytes. Treatment with the nonselective S1P receptor agonist FTY720 for 1 hour also reduced phospho-ERK expression in response to subsequent S1P stimulation. In contrast to S1P, some desensitization to FTY720 persisted after overnight exposure. Cell death induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation was reduced by pretreatment with exogenous S1P. This enhanced survival was abrogated by pretreatment with PD98059, VPC23019, or pertussis toxin. Thus, exogenous S1P induces rapid and reversible S1P1-mediated ERK phosphorylation. S1P-induced adult mouse cardiomyocyte survival requires ERK activation mediated via an S1P1-Gi pathway.
Fast Multiple Kernel Learning With Multiplicative Weight Updates

We present a fast algorithm for multiple kernel learning (MKL). Our matrix multiplicative weight update (MWUMKL) algorithm is based on a well-known QCQP formulation [5]. In addition, we propose a novel fast matrix exponentiation routine for QCQPs which might be of independent interest. Our method avoids the use of commercial nonlinear solvers and scales efficiently to large data sets. 1
Thin film imaging with CARL ©photoresist at the optical resolution limit

Future lithography with exposure at 157nm, 126nm and 13nm require thin film resist techniques, because at these high exposure energies sufficiently transparent resist polymers for conventional singel layer resists are not available. Besides top-surface imaging dry developable bilayer resist systems offer excellent imaging properties (high resolution capability and wide focus windows) in a thin imaging photoresist layer that is applied on top of a thick light-absorbing and planarizing bottom resist. The high etch resistance of the underlying bottom coat provides unique process latitudes for the overall substrat treatment. Since 1995, Siemens has used the in-house developed CARL bilayer resist process [1, 2] as a from Clariant commercially available i-line version [3] in its high-volume DRAM and logic IC production [4]. The dramatic increase in focus latitudes at k1≤0.4, even with standard illumination and COG masks, allows shrinking down to 120nm with 193nm exposure or extending the lifetime of existing i-line and 248nm exposure tools. A chemically amplified CARL resist version is now investigated at 248 nm. With this material process development and optimization for the 193nm technology is possible because it is sensitive at both wavelengths (multi-wavelength characteristic). First results at 157nm exposure indicate that this process offers outstanding possibilities even with the methacrylate based polymers.
Residential Mobility and Breast Cancer in Marin County, California, USA

Marin County (California, USA) has among the highest incidences of breast cancer in the U.S. A previously conducted case-control study found eight significant risk factors in participants enrolled from 1997–1999. These included being premenopausal, never using birth control pills, lower highest lifetime body mass index, having four or more mammograms from 1990–1994, beginning drinking alcohol after age 21, drinking an average two or more alcoholic drinks per day, being in the highest quartile of pack-years of cigarette smoking, and being raised in an organized religion. Previously conducted surveys provided residential histories; while Ǫ statistic accounted for participants’ residential mobility, and assessed clustering of breast cancer cases relative to controls based on the known risk factors. These identified specific cases, places, and times of excess breast cancer risk. Analysis found significant global clustering of cases localized to specific residential histories and times. Much of the observed clustering occurred among participants who immigrated to Marin County. However, persistent case-clustering of greater than fifteen years duration was also detected. Significant case-clustering among long-term residents may indicate geographically localized risk factors not accounted for in the study design, as well as uncertainty and incompleteness in the acquired addresses. Other plausible explanations include environmental risk factors and cases tending to settle in specific areas. A biologically plausible exposure or risk factor has yet to be identified.
Preparation of Monodispersed Mesoporous Silica Spheres with Controllable Particle Size Under an Alkaline Condition

Monodispersed mesoporous silica spheres (MMSSs) with tunable particle size were successfully synthesized from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under an alkaline condition. The MMSSs synthesized under different reaction conditions, such as reaction temperature, co-solvent amount, and TEOS and CTAB concentrations, have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The average particle size increases with increase in the reaction temperature from 40°C to 90°C, and 80°C is the optimal temperature to synthesize MMSSs with narrow particle size of 75 ± 14 nm. Ethanol plays a role as co-surfactant in low concentration, and then as co-surfactant and co-solvent in high concentration, which results in an increase in particle size from 75 ± 14 nm to 518 ± 30 nm and change of the mesoporous structure from paralleled array type to radially orientated type. The average particle size and yield of MMSSs increase with increase in the TEOS concentration when the TEOS concentration reaches saturated level (Cs = 0.09M), but some small silica particles appear when the TEOS concentration is higher than the critical level (Cs* = 0.134M). When the CTAB concentration increases, at the same TEOS concentration, the surface area, and pore volume increases, but the monodispersity becomes low.
Struggling to Be Self-Directed: Residents' Paradoxical Beliefs About Learning

Purpose Self-directed learning (SDL) skills serve as the basis for physician lifelong learning; however, residency training does not typically emphasize SDL skills. To understand residents' needs regarding SDL curricula, the authors used qualitative methods to examine the residency learning culture and residents' views of SDL. Method The authors conducted individual, in-depth, semistructured interviews with all 13 final-year residents at the Brown University Family Medicine Residency Program. Interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Using an iterative individual and group process, four researchers conducted a qualitative analysis of the transcripts, identifying major themes and higher-order interpretations. Results Major themes included resident beliefs about learning, the learning culture in residency, and developmental progress in learning. Four paradoxes emerged in the analysis: (1) Residents understand and value the concept of SDL, but they engage in limited goal setting and reflection and report lack of skills to manage their own learning, particularly in the clinical setting. (2) Despite being immersed in what aims to be a learner-centered culture, many residents still value traditional, teacher-centered approaches. (3) Residents recognize patient care as the most powerful stimulus for SDL, but they often perceive patient care and learning as competing priorities. (4) Residents desire external guidance for SDL. Conclusions Graduating residents lacked confidence in their SDL skills and their ability to manage their learning, especially in clinical settings. Fostering SDL skills during residency will likely require training and guidance for SDL as well as changes in the structure and culture of residency.
Large-scale online sequential behavior analysis with latent graphical model

Nowadays large amounts of data on peoples' online activities, especially web-browsing data, have become available. Exploitation on such data can benefit a lot of real-life applications, such as user behavior identification, online customers classification and targeted advertisement. However, how to extract features on user behaviors from large amount of time series data is still a challenge due to its high complexity. In this work, we study the problem of inferring users' instantaneous actions from their sequential online-shopping data. We propose a graphical hidden state model based on statistical features and integrate all available information sources to simulate the decision making process. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm lead to nearly 30% of improvement on the million-clicks data sets.
Non-Deterministic Planning With Conditional Effects

Recent advances in fully observable non-deterministic (FOND) planning have enabled new techniques for various applications, such as behaviour composition, among others. One key limitation of modern FOND planners is their lack of native support for conditional effects. In this paper we describe an extension to PRP, the current state of the art in FOND planning, that supports the generation of policies for domains with conditional effects and non-determinism. We present core modifications to the PRP planner for this enhanced functionality without sacrificing soundness and completeness. Additionally, we demonstrate the planner's capabilities on a variety of benchmarks that include actions with both conditional effects and non-deterministic outcomes. The resulting planner opens the door to models of greater expressivity, and does so without affecting PRP's efficiency.