Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Voltage setup problem for embedded systems with multiple voltages

We formulate the following voltage setup problem: how many levels and at which values should voltages be implemented on the system to achieve the maximum energy saving by dynamic voltage scaling (DVS)? This problem challenges whether DVS technique's full potential in energy saving can be reached on multiple voltage systems. In this paper, 1) we derive analytical solutions for dual-voltage system; 2) we develop efficient numerical methods for the general case where analytical solutions do not exist; 3) we demonstrate how to apply our proposed algorithms in system design; and 4) our experimental results suggest that, interestingly, multiple voltage systems with proper voltage setup can be very close to DVS technique's full potential in energy saving.
CityViewAR: A mobile outdoor AR application for city visualization

In this paper we introduce CityViewAR, a mobile outdoor Augmented Reality (AR) application for providing AR information visualization on a city scale. The CityViewAR application was developed to provide geographical information about the city of Christchurch, which was hit by several major earthquakes in 2010 and 2011. The application provides information about destroyed buildings and historical sites that were affected by the earthquakes. The geo-located content is provided in a number of formats including 2D map views, AR visualization of 3D models of buildings on-site, immersive panorama photographs, and list views. The paper describes the iterative design and implementation details of the application, and gives one of the first examples of a study comparing user response to AR and non-AR viewing in a mobile tourism application. Results show that making such information easily accessible to the public in a number of formats could help people to have richer experience about cities. We provide guidelines that will be useful for people developing mobile AR applications for city-scale tourism or outdoor guiding, and discuss how the underlying technology could be used for applications in other areas.
Antioxidant Capacity in Different Tissues of Young and Old Rats

Abstract The antioxidant capacity in heart, liver, lung, and kidney was studied in young (6 months) and old (22 months) male Fischer 344 rats, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay system with two different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators. The results indicated that liver in old rats had significantly lower peroxyl radical absorbance capacity (ORACROO, units/g wet wt), but higher hydroxyl radical absorbance capacity (ORACOH, units/mg protein) than in young rats. The decreased liver ORACROO in the old rats was mainly due to the loss of cytosol protein, while the increased liver ORACOH in the old rats was a result of an increased resistance of cytosol proteins to the attack of ROS. This conclusion was further supported by the finding that the contribution of nonprotein fraction of liver cytosol to the ORACOH of the cytosol decreased with age. No effect of age was found on either ORACROO or ORACOH in other tissues. The antioxidant capacity for both ORACROO and ORACOH, was usually high in liver and kidney but low in lung and heart. [P.S. E.B. M. 1996, Vol 211]
DETECTION OF THE EFFECTS OF SELECTION ON PROTEIN POLYMORPHISMS IN NATURAL POPULATIONS BY MEANS OF A DISTANCE ANALYSIS

If natural selection affects allelic frequencies at biochemical loci, we might expect to observe parallel patterns of variation among populations of closely related species. That is, if allele A is more common in northern than in southern populations, say, of one species, we might expect to find that same allele more common in northern than in southern populations of a closely related species. Barring hybridization between species, significant geographic correlations of allelic frequencies can only arise through the action of natural selection (Clarke, 1975). This basic idea, that the effects of natural selection may be detected as a geographic correlation in allelic frequencies in related species, has been recognized and exploited by a number of evolutionists (Clarke, 1962; Johnson, 1974; Koehn and Mitton, 1972; Lamotte, 1959). As a means of detecting the effects of natural selection, the search for parallel patterns of variation has certain limitations. It is only applicable, for example, in cases where closely related, sympatric species share homologous polymorphisms. Such cases are rare-at least in the literature-but not unknown. Data appropriate for analysis have been reported for dipteran and lepidopteran insects, toad species (Bufo), kangaroo rat species (Dipodomys), and species of macaque monkeys (Macaca) (Ayala, 1972; Ayala, et al., 1974; Dobzhansky and Ayala, 1973; Johnson and Selander, 1971; McKechnie et al., 1975; Rogers, 1973; Tashian et al., 1971). Undoubtedly, other cases will be reported. A second limitation is that such an approach can only detect selection when the adaptive significance of a given allele is similar in the two species compared. If, for example, allele A in one species is not equivalent with respect to selection to allele A in another species, parallel patterns of variation, would not exist even if natural selection were the sole determinant of allelic frequencies. Perhaps because of these limitations, this approach has been largely ignored. In spite of them it deserves more attention, however, because the interpretation of observed correlations in unambiguous; parallel patterns of variation between good species can only result from the action of selection. For this reason, Clarke (1975) has characterized the correlation approach as "perhaps the most powerful method of all. " The purpose of this paper is to point out that this approach is a practical way to detect an effect of natural selection on enzyme polymorphisms. Published data are reanalysed to illustrate the methodology.
[Clinical effects of the circumcision stapler, foreskin cerclage, and traditional circumcision: A comparative study].

OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical effects of the circumcision stapler, circumcision cerclage, and traditional circumcision in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce. METHODS Using the circumcision stapler (group A), foreskin cerclage (group B), and traditional circumcision (group C), we treated 276 patients with phimosis or redundant prepuce. We made comparisons among the three groups in the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and 24-hour postoperative pain scores, and incidence of postoperative complications. Results: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative pain score were (6.52 ± 2.45) min, (1.93 ± 0.82) ml, and 1.37 ± 0.68 in group A and (7.24 ± 1.86) min, (1.51 ± 0.72) ml, and 1.20 ± 0.79 in group B, all significantly lower than (28. 36 ± 4.22) min, (9.52 ± 3.29) ml, and 3.06 ± 0.75 in group C (P <0.05). The 24-hour postoperative pain score was remarkably higher in group B than in A and C (3. 18 ± 0. 82 vs 1. 85 ± 0. 63 and 1. 82 ± 0. 75, P <0. 05). The incidence rate of postoperative complications was markedly lower in group A than in B (5. 43% vs 14. 13%, P < 0.05), but with no significant differences between either A and C or B and C (P >0.05). CONCLUSION The circumcision stapler, with its advantages of simple operation, minimal invasiveness, fewer complications, and better cosmetic result, deserves a wider clinical application.
Inference and applications for topic models

Most of current recommendation systems are based on ratings (i.e. numbers between 0 and 5) and try to suggest a content (movie, restaurant.) to a user. These systems usually allow users to provide a text review for this content in addition to ratings. It is hard to extract useful information from raw text while a rating does not contain much information on the content and the user. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of suggesting personalized readable text to users to help them make a quick decision about a content. More specifically, we first build a topic model that predicts personalized movie description from text reviews. Our model extracts distinct qualitative (i.e., which convey opinion) and descriptive topics by combining text reviews and movie ratings in a joint probabilistic model. We evaluate our model on an IMDB dataset and illustrate its performance through comparison of topics. We then study parameter inference in large-scale latent variable models, that include most topic models. We propose a unified treatment of online inference for latent variable models from a non-canonical exponential family, and draw explicit links between several previously proposed frequentist or Bayesian methods. We also propose a novel inference method for the frequentist estimation of parameters, that adapts MCMC methods to online inference of latent variable models with the proper use of local Gibbs sampling. For the specific latent Dirichlet allocation topic model, we provide an extensive set of experiments and comparisons with existing work, where our new approach outperforms all previously proposed methods. Finally, we propose a new class of determinantal point processes (DPPs) which can be manipulated for inference and parameter learning in potentially sublinear time in the number of items. This class, based on a specific low-rank factorization of the marginal kernel, is particularly suited to a subclass of continuous DPPs and DPPs defined on exponentially many items. We apply this new class to modelling text documents as sampling a DPP of sentences, and propose a conditional maximum likelihood formulation to model topic proportions, which is made possible with no approximation for our class of DPPs. We present an application to document summarization with a DPP on 2 to the power 500 items, where the summaries are composed of readable sentences.
Polycystic kidney disease is significantly associated with dementia risk

Objective: Data on the risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD), in patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are lacking. Methods: A total of 4,229 patients who were aged ≥20 years and had received a diagnosis of PKD were included in the PKD cohort. For each PKD case identified, 1 participant aged ≥20 years without a history of PKD, dementia, or PD was selected from the comparison cohort. For each patient with PKD, the corresponding controls were selected 1:1 on the basis of the nearest propensity score calculated using logistic regression. Results: The incidence density rates of dementia were 4.31 and 2.50 per 1,000 person-years in the PKD and control cohorts, respectively. A 2.04-fold higher risk of dementia was observed in patients with PKD than in controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46–2.85). Regarding the risk of different dementia subtypes, including AD and vascular dementia (VaD), the aHR for AD and presenile dementia was 2.71 (95% CI 1.08–6.75) and that for VaD was 0.90 (95% CI 0.43–1.87) in patients with PKD compared with controls, after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. Compared with controls, the risk of PD increased by 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.14–2.79) in patients with PKD. Conclusions: In clinical practice, health care professionals should be aware of the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with PKD.
Assessment of Dairy Cattle Husbandry and Breeding Management Practices of Lowland and Mid-Highland Agro-Ecologies of Borana Zone

This survey was carried out in Borana zone to assess the existing breed/breed strain and herd structure, husbandry practices for the animal, rate of inbreeding, and reproductive and productive performance of dairy cattle. Hence, various strains of Borana cattle and cattle type of neighboring adjacent zone, namely Qorti, Geleba, cross of Qorti and Geleba, Guji and Konso subtype, were observed, except non existence of Konso in mid-highland, in both agro-ecologies. Qorti was the true and preferred cattle strain for its potential milk production capacity however it was at decreasing trend due to the feed shortage resultant from the change in climatic condition combined with shrinkage of grazing land. Respectively, the coefficient of inbreeding was 0.0059 and 0.0088 for the lowland and mid-highland area which seemed to be less than the maximum acceptable level however the prevalence of inbreeding was inhabitable as long as there was uncontrolled mating practice. The average age of sexual maturity, calving interval, reproductive life time and crops of calves during the life time of female were 3.9 and 3.7 years, 16.8 and 13.8 months, 11.5 and 10.9 years, and 7.1 and 6.6 calves in the lowland and mid-highland area, respectively. Average age of sexual maturity and the reproductive life time of the breeding bull were 4.6 and 4.2, and 9.86 and 7.68 years in the lowland, and mid-highland areas, respectively. Milk production of both agro-ecologies and the seasons of the year were characterized by paramount variation and hence a cow could produce daily 1.85 and 1.10 liter during the wet, and 0.35 and 0.95 liter during the dry season from the lowland and mid-highland area, respectively. Therefore, the higher proportion of cows and young animals in the herd endeavor large crops of calves for rapid herd growth and enhance cattle productivity of the country, provided that there is appropriately and efficiently enacting of multifaceted strategies to improve the reproductive performance and combat the danger of genetic dilution from cattle type of adjacent zone, and the problem of feed shortage and nutritive value deterioration.
Cogwheel phase cycling.

A new method for constructing phase cycles is described. The new schemes apply to experiments involving several consecutive coherence transfer steps. The radiofrequency phases of two or more irradiation blocks are incremented simultaneously, as opposed to the traditional "nested" scheme, in which the block phases are incremented independently. In many cases, the "cogwheel" phase cycles achieve the same selectivity as traditional phase cycles, using fewer steps. Significant time savings are achievable in a wide range of NMR experiments.
Highway Healthcare

Drowsy driving is a major factor in many vehicle crashes around the world. Sleep disorders, such as ob-structive sleep apnea (OSA), underpin many of these crashes. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is an effective treatment for sleep apnea but it requires consistent use and is often rejected by OSA patients. Rejection of CPAP treatment creates a dangerous on-road environment for both OSA sufferers and the general public. Algorithms capable of detecting CPAP use and its effects on driving are integral to iden-tifying and mitigating this danger. This work uses naturalistic kinematic driving data to develop an algo-rithm which can detect nightly CPAP abstinence and adequate CPAP use. Speed and lateral acceleration data were collected using a data recorder in participant’s primary vehicle and CPAP data were collected by downloading adherence data from participant CPAP machines. The speed and acceleration data were re-duced to a set of symbols using Symbolic Aggregate approximation (SAX) time-series analysis. The sym-bols were converted into a sequence frequency dataset using sliding windows of size 1 to 10 s with a 1 Hz sampling rate. A Random Forest classifier was trained on the data to create a classification algorithm. On a held aside testing set, the Random Forest algorithm correctly identified 71% of the instances and had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.76. The variable importance of the algorithm suggested that kinematic patterns associated with common drowsy driver crash types were key features in the algorithm’s prediction performance.
A guide and best practices for R/Bioconductor tool integration in Galaxy

Galaxy provides a web-based platform for interactive, large-scale data analyses, which integrates bioinformatics tools written in a variety of languages. A substantial number of these tools are written in the R programming language, which enables powerful analysis and visualization of complex data. The Bioconductor Project provides access to these open source R tools and currently contains over 1200 R packages. While some R/Bioconductor tools are currently available in Galaxy, scientific research communities would benefit greatly if they were integrated on a larger scale. Tool development in Galaxy is an early entry point for Galaxy developers, biologists, and bioinformaticians, who want to make their work more accessible to a larger community of scientists. Here, we present a guide and best practices for R/Bioconductor tool integration into Galaxy. In addition, we introduce new functionalities to existing software that resolve dependency issues and semi-automate generation of tool integration components. With these improvements, novice and experienced developers can easily integrate R/Bioconductor tools into Galaxy to make their work more accessible to the scientific community.
Modeling and global conflict analysis of firewall policy

The global view of firewall policy conflict is important for administrators to optimize the policy. It has been lack of appropriate firewall policy global conflict analysis, existing methods focus on local conflict detection. We research the global conflict detection algorithm in this paper. We presented a semantic model that captures more complete classifications of the policy using knowledge concept in rough set. Based on this model, we presented the global conflict formal model, and represent it with OBDD (Ordered Binary Decision Diagram). Then we developed GFPCDA (Global Firewall Policy Conflict Detection Algorithm) algorithm to detect global conflict. In experiment, we evaluated the usability of our semantic model by eliminating the false positives and false negatives caused by incomplete policy semantic model, of a classical algorithm. We compared this algorithm with GFPCDA algorithm. The results show that GFPCDA detects conflicts more precisely and independently, and has better performance.
Digital enhancement of radiographs for assessment of interproximal dental caries.

OBJECTIVES Evaluation of a particular digital caries image-enhancing mode (filter) for its effect on the validity of measurements of caries lesion depth. METHODS Standardized radiographs of 44 extracted teeth exhibiting interproximal caries lesions were obtained. Six radiographs were obtained of each tooth and digitized. Four radiographs were made using D-speed film with and without soft tissue scattering equivalent (STSE) at normal exposure time (0.32 s) and underexposed (0.16 s). Two were made using E-speed film with STSE normally (0.16 s) and underexposed (0.08 s). On each of the 264 radiographs, 4 independent examiners measured the central depth (CD) of 1 carious lesion per tooth both on the unchanged radiographic image and after use of the filter. Histometric CD assessments provided a gold standard for comparison with the radiographic measurements (validity). Repeated measures ANOVA was calculated for validity in relation to examiner, lesion type, filter, film type, exposure time and STSE. RESULTS The lesion type was identified to statistically significantly influence the validity of CD measurements. Examiner in combination with defect type (P<0.001), filter (P = 0.017), exposure (P = 0.027) and film type (P = 0.044) had an additional albeit small effect. CONCLUSIONS The lesion type significantly influenced the validity of CD measurements: enamel lesions were less underestimated than dentin lesions.
Finding idle machines in a workstation-based distributed system

The design and performance of scheduling facilities for finding idle hosts in a workstation-based distributed system are described. The focus is on the tradeoffs between centralized and decentralized architectures with respect to scalability, fault tolerance, and simplicity of design, as well as several implementation issues of interest when using multicast communication. It is concluded that the principal tradeoff between the two approaches is that a centralized architecture can be scaled to a significantly greater degree and can more easily monitor global system statistics, while a decentralized architecture is simpler to implement. <<ETX>>
An ontological representation of the digital library evaluation domain

Digital library evaluation is a complex field, as complex as the phenomena it studies. The interest of the digital library society still remains vibrant after all these years of solidification, as these systems have entered real-life applications. However the community has still to reach a consensus on what evaluation is and how it can effectively be planned. In the present article, an ontology of the digital library evaluation domain, named DiLEO, is proposed, aiming to reveal explicitly the main concepts of this domain and their correlations, and it tries to combine creatively and integrate several scientific paradigms, approaches, methods, techniques, and tools. This article demonstrates the added value features of the ontology, which are the support of comparative studies between different evaluation initiatives and the assistance in effective digital library evaluation planning. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The International Journal of Biostatistics Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Effect Modification Parameters in Survival Analysis

The Cox proportional hazards model or its discrete time analogue, the logistic failure time model, posit highly restrictive parametric models and attempt to estimate parameters which are specific to the model proposed. These methods are typically implemented when assessing effect modification in survival analyses despite their flaws. The targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) methodology is more robust than the methods typically implemented and allows practitioners to estimate parameters that directly answer the question of interest. TMLE will be used in this paper to estimate two newly proposed parameters of interest that quantify effect modification in the time to event setting. These methods are then applied to the Tshepo study to assess if either gender or baseline CD4 level modify the effect of two cART therapies of interest, efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP), on the progression of HIV. The results show that women tend to have more favorable outcomes using EFV while males tend to have more favorable outcomes with NVP. Furthermore, EFV tends to be favorable compared to NVP for individuals at high CD4 levels.