Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subtypes of Dementia: A Study from a Memory Clinic in India

Background: The clinical syndrome of dementia consists of several subtypes that are distinct in their etiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome. Limited specialized services are available for dementia patients in India. We report the profile of dementia subtypes from a clinic-based dementia registry in India. Methods: Consecutive dementia patients were investigated with clinical evaluation, neuropsychological tests modified for local use, and brain imaging. Results: In 347 consecutive dementia patients, Alzheimer’s disease was the most common subtype of dementia (38.3%), followed by a high proportion of vascular dementia (25.4%). Frontotemporal dementia syndromes were not uncommon (18.7%). Dementia with Lewy bodies was encountered in 8.9% of the patients, and mixed dementia was found in 8.6%. The mean age of the group at presentation was 66.3 years, nearly a decade younger than in developed countries. The proportion of patients with early-onset dementia was high (49.9%). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the clinical profiles of dementia subtypes in a clinic population are influenced by the population’s demographic profile, cardiovascular risk factor burden, sociocultural attitudes about cognitive impairment, and possibly genetic factors.
Effect of primary tumor invasion on treatment and survival in extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma in the modern chemotherapy era: a multicenter study from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG)

Abstract We evaluated the effect of primary tumor invasion (PTI) on treatment selection in 1356 patients with extranodal nasal-type NK/T cell lymphoma who received non-anthracycline-based chemotherapy from the updated dataset of China Lymphoma Collaborative Group. 760 (56.0%) patients had PTI. PTI showed most prominent effect in stage I disease, with 5-year overall survival (OS) of 83.0% in PTI-absent patients and 69.5% in PTI-present patients (p < .001). Radiotherapy ± chemotherapy achieved higher OS in PTI-absent stage I patients (approximately 85%). Either radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy alone was associated with an unfavorable OS in PTI-present patients (approximately 55%). Compared to radiotherapy alone, combined modality treatment improved OS in PTI-present patients (78.3% vs. 56.6%; p = .001) but showed similar OS in PTI-absent patients (85.3% vs. 83.3%; p = .560). These findings were confirmed in multivariate analyses. PTI was a robust prognostic factor and indicator for additional chemotherapy in stage I NKTCL patients.
Nucleoside Analogs with Selective Antiviral Activity against Dengue Fever and Japanese Encephalitis Viruses

Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are important arthropod-borne viruses from the Flaviviridae family. DENV is a global public health problem with significant social and economic impacts, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. ABSTRACT Dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are important arthropod-borne viruses from the Flaviviridae family. DENV is a global public health problem with significant social and economic impacts, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. JEV is a neurotropic arbovirus endemic to east and southeast Asia. There are no U.S. FDA-approved antiviral drugs available to treat or to prevent DENV and JEV infections, leaving nearly one-third of the world’s population at risk for infection. Therefore, it is crucial to discover potent antiviral agents against these viruses. Nucleoside analogs, as a class, are widely used for the treatment of viral infections. In this study, we discovered nucleoside analogs that possess potent and selective anti-JEV and anti-DENV activities across all serotypes in cell-based assay systems. Both viruses were susceptible to sugar-substituted 2′-C-methyl analogs with either cytosine or 7-deaza-7-fluoro-adenine nucleobases. Mouse studies confirmed the anti-DENV activity of these nucleoside analogs. Molecular models were assembled for DENV serotype 2 (DENV-2) and JEV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase replication complexes bound to nucleotide inhibitors. These models show similarities between JEV and DENV-2, which recognize the same nucleotide inhibitors. Collectively, our findings provide promising compounds and a structural rationale for the development of direct-acting antiviral agents with dual activity against JEV and DENV infections.
Intravascular Ultrasound-Guidance Is Associated With Lower Cardiovascular Mortality and Myocardial Infarction for Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation　- Insights From an Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

BACKGROUND Randomized trials have been underpowered to determine an effect of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance on hard outcomes for drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.Methods and Results:Randomized trials that compared IVUS guidance vs. angiographic guidance for DES implantation were included; 10 trials with 5,060 patients. IVUS guidance was associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular death (odds ratio [OR] 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.75), and myocardial infarction (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.94). CONCLUSIONS IVUS-guidance is associated with a lower incidence of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction in the era of DES. These findings should encourage operators to use IVUS more often.
Buffer trapping effects on knee walkout in GaN HEMTs

A potential link between traps located in the buffer and the AC/DC dispersion commonly observed in GaN HEMTs is studied by simulating the device in class A amplifier operations. We have revealed that acceptor traps located in the buffer at energy level close to valence band (EC−2.2/2.9 eV) strongly affect the RF drain current. In addition, we demonstrate that the observed AC/DC dispersion is dependent on both the DC operating point and the maximum supply voltage.
An Alternative Flavin-Dependent Mechanism for Thymidylate Synthesis

Although deoxythymidylate cannot be provided directly by ribonucleotide reductase, the gene encoding thymidylate synthase ThyA is absent from the genomes of a large number of nonsymbiotic microbes. We show that ThyX (Thy1) proteins of previously unknown function form a large and distinct class of thymidylate synthases.ThyX has a wide but sporadic phylogenetic distribution, almost exclusively limited to microbial genomes lackingthyA. ThyX and ThyA use different reductive mechanisms, because ThyX activity is dependent on reduced flavin nucleotides. Our findings reveal complexity in the evolution of thymidine in present-day DNA. Because ThyX proteins are found in many pathogenic microbes, they present a previously uncharacterized target for antimicrobial compounds.
Arcobacter-specific and Arcobacter butzleri-specific 16S rRNA-based DNA probes

The genus Arcobacter encompasses gram-negative, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacteria formerly designated Campylobacter cryaerophila. Two genus-specific 16S rRNA-based oligonucleotide DNA probes (23-mer and 27-mer) were developed. The probes hybridized with strains of Arcobacter butzleri (n = 58), Arcobacter cryaerophilus (n = 19), and Arcobacter skirrowii (n = 17). The probes did not cross-react with any of the reference strains of Campylobacter, Helicobacter, including "Flexispira rappini," or Wolinella. The 27-mer hybridized with 61 Arcobacter spp. field isolates originating from late-term aborted porcine (n = 54) and equine (n = 2) fetuses and humans with enteritis (n = 5). The species of Arcobacter isolates (n = 56) recovered from aborted livestock fetuses were determined by ribotyping and were as follows: A. cryaerophilus group 1A (11 of 56; 20%), A. cryaerophilus group 1B (37 of 56; 66%), A. butzleri (5 of 56; 9%), and unknown (3 of 56; 5%). The five human field strains were identified as A. butzleri. A species-specific DNA probe (24-mer) for A. butzleri was also developed since there is evidence that this organism may be a human pathogen. This probe hybridized with previously characterized strains of A. butzleri (n = 58), with 10 field strains identified as A. butzleri by ribotyping and with 2 strains having an indeterminate ribotype. The A. butzleri-specific probe did not cross-react with strains of A. skirrowii (n = 17) and A. cryaerophilus (n = 19).
A New Ranking Algorithm for Search Engine: Content’s Weight based Page Ranking

The objective of this paper is to propose a new ranking technique or algorithm for web page rank. Different search engines use various ranking algorithms for the ranking of the web pages. Web Page ranking algorithm works only on the web page repository or indexed pages to the search engine for ranking. In reality, search engines work in two phases one is crawling phase and another is ranking phase. This proposed Algorithm is based on the ranking phase. In this Paper purposed a new ranking algorithm which will be known as Content‟s Weight Based Page Ranking Algorithm (CWPRA). This algorithm Calculate the Page Rank based upon the weight of contents which is related to user query. Hope this algorithm provide the best, accurate and sufficient data or information or matter to the user according to the need.
The contribution of N2O3 to the cytotoxicity of the nitric oxide donor DETA/NO: an emerging role for S-nitrosylation

The relationship between the biological activity of NO and its chemistry is complex. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of oxygen tension on the cytotoxicity of the NO• donor DETA/NO and to determine the effects of oxygen tension on the key RNS (reactive nitrogen species) responsible for any subsequent toxicity. The findings presented in this study indicate that the DETA/NO-mediated cytotoxic effects were enhanced under hypoxic conditions. Further investigations revealed that neither ONOO− (peroxynitrite) nor nitroxyl was generated. Fluorimetric analysis in the presence of scavengers suggest for the first time that another RNS, dinitrogen trioxide may be responsible for the cytotoxicity with DETA/NO. Results showed destabilization of HIF (hypoxia inducible factor)-1α and depletion of GSH levels following the treatment with DETA/NO under hypoxia, which renders cells more susceptible to DETA/NO cytotoxicity, and could account for another mechanism of DETA/NO cytotoxicity under hypoxia. In addition, there was significant accumulation of nuclear p53, which showed that p53 itself might be a target for S-nitrosylation following the treatment with DETA/NO. Both the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the Fas extrinsic apoptotic pathway were also activated. Finally, GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) is another important S-nitrosylated protein that may possibly play a key role in DETA/NO-mediated apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Therefore this study elucidates further mechanisms of DETA/NO mediated cytotoxicity with respect to S-nitrosylation that is emerging as a key player in the signalling and detection of DETA/NO-modified proteins in the tumour microenvironment.
Clinico-pathological profile and outcome of inhalational burns.

OBJECTIVE To determine clinico-pathological profile and outcome of inhalational burns in a specialized burns treatment unit. STUDY DESIGN Case-series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns Centre Unit, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Cantonment in March 2005. METHODOLOGY Patients of inhalational burns were included and evacuated within 30 hours of accident to the specialized burns centre after immediate resuscitation. Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) involved in burns was calculated. Complete blood count and renal profile along with serum albumin and total proteins was obtained. Portable chest radiographs and bronchoscopic examination was conducted. Escarotomies were carried and wounds were covered with split thickness skin grafts. Ventilatory support was used as needed. Comparison of the clinico-pathological profile of surviving and fatal cases was done for significance using t-test. RESULTS There were 19 patients of inhalational burns, 8 (42%) of whom expired. The mean percentage of TBSA in 11 surviving patients was 50+/-10.87 and 70+/-15.46 in fatal cases. The mean haemoglobin (Hb) on admission was 15.8+/-1.6 g/dL and after fluid resuscitation it became 11.4+/-1.5 g/dL. The mean Total Leucocyte Count (TLC) in surviving patients was 9.6+/-6.1 x 10(9)/L and 1.5+/-2.3 x 10(9)/L in fatal cases (p=0.001). The mean platelet count of surviving patients was 205+/-63 x 10(12)/L while in fatal cases was 58+/-48 x 10(12)/L (p=0.05). The serum urea levels in surviving patients was 4.3+/-2 mmol/L while in fatal cases was 8.6+/-0.9 mmol/L (p=0.05). The serum creatinine levels were 98.2+/-16.5 micromol/L in the survivor group and 249.5+/-76 micromol/L in the mortality group (p=0.05). The serum total protein in surviving patients was 63+/-8 g/dL while in mortality cases it was 57+/-7 g/L. Serum albumin in the survivor group was 36.7+/-5 g/L and 35+/-4 g/L in fatal cases. Significant in Hb, protein and albumin levels. All the expired patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome while acute renal failure with multi-organ failure co-existed in 6 patients. CONCLUSION Inhalational burns injury cases multi-system injury with high mortality. Body area involvement, total leucocyte count, platelet count, serum area and serum creatinine are important indicators of survival.
Childhood factors predict participation of young adults with cerebral palsy in domestic life and interpersonal relationships: a prospective cohort study

Abstract Purpose: To determine childhood predictors of participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships of young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and methods: This 13-year follow-up of an existing cohort (baseline age 9–13 years) included 67 young adults with CP (age 21–27 years). The Vineland adaptive behavior scales (VABS) and Life Habits questionnaire were used to assess attendance and difficulty in participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships. Baseline factors were categorised according to the international classification of functioning, disability, and health. Stepwise multiple linear regression analyses determined significant predictors (p < 0.05). Results: Lower manual ability, intellectual disability (ID), epilepsy and lower motor capacity predicted decreased future participation in domestic life, and/or interpersonal relationships (explained variance R2 = 67–87%), whereas no association was found with environmental and personal factors. Extending models with baseline fine motor skills, communication, and interpersonal relationships increased R2 to 79–90%. Conclusions: Childhood factors account for 79–90% of the variation in young adult participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships of individuals with CP. Children with limited motor capacity, low manual ability, ID, or epilepsy are at risk for restrictions in participation in young adulthood. Addressing fine motor, communication, and social skills in paediatric rehabilitation might promote young adult participation. Implications for rehabilitation Childhood risk factors for limited participation in domestic life and interpersonal relationships as a young adult with CP are ID, epilepsy, low manual ability, low motor capacity, and low activity & participation levels. In line with current practice, this study confirms the importance of addressing gross and fine motor skills in children with CP for their future participation in domestic life. In addition, results suggest that addressing communication and social skills during paediatric rehabilitation may optimise future participation in interpersonal relationships.
Semaphorin 3d guides laterality of retinal ganglion cell projections in zebrafish

The optic chiasm is an important choice point at which retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons either cross the midline to innervate the contralateral brain or turn back to innervate the ipsilateral brain. Guidance cues that regulate this decision, particularly those directing the midline crossing of contralateral axons, are still not well understood. Here we show that Sema3d, a secreted semaphorin expressed at the midline, guides the crossing of RGC axons in zebrafish. Both Sema3d knockdown and ubiquitous overexpression induced aberrant ipsilateral projections, suggesting that Sema3d normally guides axons into the contralateral optic tract. Live imaging in vivo showed that RGC growth cones responded to ubiquitous Sema3d overexpression by pausing for extended periods and increasing their exploratory behavior at the midline, suggesting that Sema3d overexpression causes the midline environment to become less favorable for RGC axon extension. Interestingly, Sema3d overexpression did not affect growth cone behaviors before the midline, suggesting that RGC axons normally respond to Sema3d only upon reaching the midline. After Sema3d knockdown, growth cones grew across the midline but then paused or repeatedly retracted, impairing their ability to leave the midline region. Our results indicate that a proper balance of Sema3d is needed at the midline for the progression of RGC axons from the chiasm midline into the contralateral optic tract.
High Glucose Concentration Causes a Decrease in Mesangium Degradation: A Factor in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy

Mesangium enlargement is a constant feature of diabetic nephropathy and is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of this diabetic complication. Whether decreased degradation of mesangium plays any role in causing the enlargement is uncertain. We developed a system of preparing radioactively labeled mesangium matrix from mesangial cell cultures to be used as substrates for studies of mesangium degradation. Degradation is commenced by growing mesangial cells on the labeled matrix and monitored by the release of radioactivity into the culture medium. High glucose concentration (30 mM), whether present 1) when the matrix is being made or 2) when the degradation is taking place, reduces the rate of mesangium degradation. The second but not the first of these two phenomena was abolished by aminoguanidine. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, added in a manner to antagonize the action of protein kinase C, inhibited mesangium degradation and was not able to nullify the effect of high glucose. Thus it appears unlikely that a high glucose concentration inhibits mesangium degradation by increasing mesangial cell protein kinase C activity. We conclude that decreased degradation of mesangium as a result of hyperglycemia may play a role in causing the mesangium enlargement that occurs in diabetic nephropathy.
Posttranscriptional regulation of colonic epithelial repair by RNA binding protein IMP1/IGF2BP1

RNA binding proteins, including IMP1/IGF2BP1, are essential regulators of intestinal development and cancer. Imp1 hypomorphic mice exhibit gastrointestinal growth defects, yet the specific role for IMP1 in colon epithelial repair is unclear. Our prior work revealed that intestinal epithelial cell‐specific Imp1 deletion (Imp1ΔIEC) was associated with better regeneration in mice after irradiation. Here, we report increased IMP1 expression in patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate that Imp1ΔIEC mice exhibit enhanced recovery following dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐mediated colonic injury. Imp1ΔIEC mice exhibit Paneth cell granule changes, increased autophagy flux, and upregulation of Atg5. In silico and biochemical analyses revealed direct binding of IMP1 to MAP1LC3B, ATG3, and ATG5 transcripts. Genetic deletion of essential autophagy gene Atg7 in Imp1ΔIEC mice revealed increased sensitivity of double‐mutant mice to colonic injury compared to control or Atg7 single mutant mice, suggesting a compensatory relationship between Imp1 and the autophagy pathway. The present study defines a novel interplay between IMP1 and autophagy, where IMP1 may be transiently induced during damage to modulate colonic epithelial cell responses to damage.
Molecular Signature of Prospero Homeobox 1 (PROX1) in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Cells

The prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) transcription factor is a product of one of the lymphangiogenesis master genes. It has also been suggested to play a role in carcinogenesis, although its precise role in tumour development and metastasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to gain more knowledge on the PROX1 function in thyroid tumorigenesis. Follicular thyroid cancer-derived cells—CGTH-W-1—were transfected with PROX1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) and their proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and motility were then analysed. The transcriptional signature of PROX1 depletion was determined using RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) and the expression of relevant genes was further validated using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot and immunocytochemistry. PROX1 depletion resulted in a decreased cell motility, with both migratory and invasive potential being significantly reduced. The cell morphology was also affected, while the other studied cancer-related cell characteristics were not significantly altered. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant changes in the expression of transcripts encoding genes involved in both motility and cytoskeleton organization. Our transcriptional analysis of PROX1-depleted follicular thyroid carcinoma cells followed by functional and phenotypical analyses provide, for the first time, evidence that PROX1 plays an important role in the metastasis of thyroid cancer cells by regulating genes involved in focal adhesion and cytoskeleton organization in tumour cells.
Mental Health First Aid training: lessons learned from the global spread of a community education program

Many health education interventions achieve limited dissemination, even when there is supporting evidence for their efficacy. The authors think there are lessons to be learned for those aiming to disseminate such interventions from those rare examples where the dissemination has been successful. This article describes the six factors that appear to underlie the success of one such program: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training. MHFA training began in Australia in 2000 as a collaboration between one volunteer with lived experience of mental illness and a researcher. From this small beginning, it spread rapidly in Australia and to other countries. By mid-2018, over 700,000 Australians had been trained and the program had spread to 25 other countries, with over 2.7 million people trained globally.
Optimal Ventilator Strategies in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract Mechanical ventilation practices in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have progressed with a growing understanding of the disease pathophysiology. Paramount to the care of affected patients is the delivery of lung-protective mechanical ventilation which prioritizes tidal volume and plateau pressure limitation. Lung protection can probably be further enhanced by scaling target tidal volumes to the specific respiratory mechanics of individual patients. The best procedure for selecting optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in ARDS remains uncertain; several relevant issues must be considered when selecting PEEP, particularly lung recruitability. Noninvasive ventilation must be used with caution in ARDS as excessively high respiratory drive can further exacerbate lung injury; newer modes of delivery offer promising approaches in hypoxemic respiratory failure. Airway pressure release ventilation offers an alternative approach to maximize lung recruitment and oxygenation, but clinical trials have not demonstrated a survival benefit of this mode over conventional ventilation strategies. Rescue therapy with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation is an important option in refractory hypoxemia. Despite a disappointing lack of benefit (and possible harm) in patients with moderate or severe ARDS, possibly due to lung hyperdistention and right ventricular dysfunction, high-frequency oscillation may improve outcome in patients with very severe hypoxemia.