Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Practical Swarm Intelligent Control Brushless DC Motor Drive System using GSM Technology

Sending written text messages are extremely popular among mobile phone users. Instant messaging allows quick transmission of short messages that allow an individual to share ideas, opinions and other relevant information. In this paper the same concept to design a system that acts a platform to receive messages is used. The designed control system which is based on the GSM technology allows control from a remote area to the desired location. The mathematical model and the design of PID speed controller for the brushless DC motor drive system are presented. A Practical Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm is employed in order to obtain the controller parameters assuring enhanced step response performance criterion. Simulation results of the designed controllers are compared with that of classical controllers whose parameters are adjusted using Ziegler-Nichols technique. Results signify the superiority of the proposed technique over the classical method. The overall system is implemented and tested. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed system allows a greater degree of freedom to control and monitor the electric drive systems of a certain location is eliminated. Key-Words: GSM Technology, Brushless DC Motor, PID control, Practical Swarm Optimisation (PSO)
Toward Detection and Localization of Instruments in Minimally Invasive Surgery

Methods for detecting and localizing surgical instruments in laparoscopic images are an important element of advanced robotic and computer-assisted interventions. Robotic joint encoders and sensors integrated or mounted on the instrument can provide information about the tool's position, but this often has inaccuracy when transferred to the surgeon's point of view. Vision sensors are currently a promising approach for determining the position of instruments in the coordinate frame of the surgical camera. In this study, we propose a vision algorithm for localizing the instrument's pose in 3-D leaving only rotation in the axis of the tool's shaft as an ambiguity. We propose a probabilistic supervised classification method to detect pixels in laparoscopic images that belong to surgical tools. We then use the classifier output to initialize an energy minimization algorithm for estimating the pose of a prior 3-D model of the instrument within a level set framework. We show that the proposed method is robust against noise using simulated data and we perform quantitative validation of the algorithm compared to ground truth obtained using an optical tracker. Finally, we demonstrate the practical application of the technique on in vivo data from minimally invasive surgery with traditional laparoscopic and robotic instruments.
Interactive comment on “ Validation of ACE-FTS satellite data in the upper troposphere / lower stratosphere ( UTLS ) using non-coincident measurements ” by M . I . Hegglin et al .

a) It is not true that satellites are the only means to get information on tracers at global scale. This is true for CO but not for O3 and H2O. O3 climatologies are available from a large number of ozonesondes in both the UT and the LS particularly in the NH, coincident in time with ACE-FTS, which could be used for evaluating the performances of the instrument, as done for SAGE, HALOE etc. Similarly, water vapour measurements are available in the troposphere, up to 300 hPa with the old RS-80 Vaisala sondes, now up
o-Toluenesulfonamide: a redetermination

The structure of the title compound, C7H9NO2S, was previously determined from powder diffraction data [Tremayne, Seaton & Glidewell (2002). Acta Cryst. B58, 823–834]. It has now been refined to a significantly higher precision. The amino N-atom is bent with a C—C—S—N torsion angle of −65.8 (2)deg;. In the crystal, molecules are packed into a three-dimensional framework/supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds between the two H atoms of the sulfonamide group and sulfonyl O atoms of neighbouring molecules.
Evaluation of the effects of nephrotomy on renal function in clinically normal cats.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of nephrotomy on renal function in clinically normal cats. ANIMALS 20 specific-pathogen-free, 9- to 11-month-old female mixed-breed cats. PROCEDURE Serum chemistry analyses, CBC determinations, urinalyses, microbiologic urine cultures, renal ultrasonography, abdominal radiography, and single-kidney and total glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determinations by use of renal scintigraphy and measurements of plasma disappearance of technetium 99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid were performed before surgery and at 3, 12, 26, 52, and 78 weeks after surgery in 10 cats that underwent unilateral nephrotomy and in 10 control cats that underwent a sham surgical procedure. RESULTS Two cats (1 from each group) did not complete the study, and their data were eliminated from analyses. Unilateral nephrotomy resulted in a 10% to 20% reduction in mean single-kidney GFR, compared with that of nephrotomy contralateral control kidneys. However, mean total GFR in nephrotomy-group cats was not significantly different from that of sham-group cats. Over the 78 weeks of study, mean total GFR declined 34% and 40% in nephrotomy- and sham-group cats, respectively. Adverse events associated with nephrotomy included persistent microscopic hematuria, renal pelvis hyperechogenicity with distant shadowing on ultrasonographic evaluation, dilatation of renal pelves, and hydronephrosis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Nephrotomy in normal functioning feline kidneys results in a modest relative reduction in renal function, compared with contralateral kidney controls, but has minimal effect on total GFR when compared with sham-operated control cats. However, any detrimental effects of nephrotomy may be magnified in cats with diseased kidneys, which may have little or no capacity for repair or compensation.
A polygonal immune-inspired framework for broadband patch antenna design

In this work, we present a novel paradigm for the bottom-up project of patch antennas. This paradigm is based on a polygonal immune-inspired framework, being the chosen artificial immune system the CLONALG algorithm. In order to employ this new strategy, it was necessary to build a software platform to properly use the electromagnetic CST solver and provide a source engine to evolve antenna designs. We believe this development to be a contribution per se. The presented results show that the method was able to obtain low profile antennas with broadband characteristics by the exploration of unconventional patch shapes.
A P19 and P19CL6 Cell-Based Complementary Approach to Determine Paracrine Effects in Cardiac Tissue Engineering

The negligible self-repair potential of the myocardium has led to cell-based tissue engineering approaches to restore heart function. There is more and more consensus that, in addition to cell development, paracrine effects in particular play a pivotal role in the repair of heart tissue. Here, we present two complementary murine P19 and P19CL6 embryonic carcinoma cell-based in vitro test approaches to study the potential of repair cells and the factors secreted by these cells to induce cardiomyogenesis. P19 cells were 3-dimensionally cultured in hanging drops and P19CL6 cells in a monolayer. Both systems, capable of inducible differentiation towards the cardiomyogenic lineage shown by the appearance of beating cells, the expression of connexin 43 and cardiac troponins T and I, were used to test the cardiomyogenesis-inducing potential of human cardiac-derived adherent proliferating (CardAP) cells, which are candidates for heart repair. CardAP cells in coculture as well as CardAP cell-conditioned medium initiated beating in P19 cells, depending on the cell composition and concentration of the medium. CardAP cell-dependent beating was not observed in P19CL6 cultures, but connexin 43 and cardiac troponin formation as well as expression of GATA-binding protein 4 indicated the dose-dependent stimulatory cardiomyogenic effect of human CardAP cells. In summary, in different ways, P19 and P19CL6 cells have shown their capability to detect paracrine effects of human CardAP cells. In a complementary approach, they could be beneficial for determining the stimulatory cardiomyogenic potential of candidate cardiac-repair cells in vitro.
Augmented reality systems for medical applications.

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology in which a computer-generated image is superimposed onto the user's vision of the real world, giving the user additional information generated from the computer model. This technology is different from virtual reality, in which the user is immersed in a virtual world generated by the computer. Rather, the AR system brings the computer into the "world" of the user by augmenting the real environment with virtual objects. Using an AR system, the user's view of the real world is enhanced. This enhancement may be in the form of labels, 3D rendered models, or shaded modifications. In this article, the authors review some of the research involving AR systems, basic system configurations, image-registration approaches, and technical problems involved with AR technology. They also touch upon the requirements for an interventive AR system, which can help guide surgeons in executing a surgical plan.
Limited Associations between Keel Bone Damage and Bone Properties Measured with Computer Tomography, Three-Point Bending Test, and Analysis of Minerals in Swiss Laying Hens

Keel bone damage is a wide-spread welfare problem in laying hens. It is unclear so far whether bone quality relates to keel bone damage. The goal of the present study was to detect possible associations between keel bone damage and bone properties of intact and damaged keel bones and of tibias in end-of-lay hens raised in loose housing systems. Bones were palpated and examined by peripheral quantitative computer tomography (PQCT), a three-point bending test, and analyses of bone ash. Contrary to our expectations, PQCT revealed higher cortical and trabecular contents in fractured than in intact keel bones. This might be due to structural bone repair after fractures. Density measurements of cortical and trabecular tissues of keel bones did not differ between individuals with and without fractures. In the three-point bending test of the tibias, ultimate shear strength was significantly higher in birds with intact vs. fractured keel bones. Likewise, birds with intact or slightly deviated keel bones had higher mineral and calcium contents of the keel bone than birds with fractured keel bones. Calcium content in keel bones was correlated with calcium content in tibias. Although there were some associations between bone traits related to bone strength and keel bone damage, other factors such as stochastic events related to housing such as falls and collisions seem to be at least as important for the prevalence of keel bone damage.
Short communication p 2 of Rice stripe virus ( RSV ) interacts with OsSGS 3 and is a silencing suppressor

A rice cDNA library was screened by a galactosidase 4 (Gal4)based yeast two-hybrid system with Rice stripe virus (RSV) p2 as bait. The results revealed that RSV p2 interacted with a rice protein exhibiting a high degree of identity with Arabidopsis thaliana suppressor of gene silencing 3 (AtSGS3). The interaction was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. SGS3 has been shown to be involved in sense transgeneinduced RNA silencing and in the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs), possibly functioning as a cofactor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6). Given the intimate relationships between virus and RNA silencing, further experiments were conducted to show that p2 was a silencing suppressor. In addition, p2 enhanced the accumulation and pathogenicity of Potato virus X in Nicotiana benthamiana. Five genes that have been demonstrated to be targets of TAS3derived ta-siRNAs were up-regulated in RSV-infected rice. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Short wavelength emission of AlGaInP quantum dots grown on GaP substrate

We report on the growth of AlGaInP quantum dots (QDs) with Al contents between 0% and 10% on GaP substrate by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy and the investigation of their morphological and low temperature photoluminescence properties. These high areal density QDs show short wavelength emission between 575 and 612 nm depending on their composition. The authors interpret the QD emission as originating from indirect type-II transitions. This interpretation is supported by a single-band effective-mass model, which allows us to describe the role of differing barrier composition in the QD emission. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements are performed and discussed with respect to the calculations.
Coupling the Iron-Responsive Element to GFP--An Inducible System to Study Translation in a Single Living Cell

Local protein synthesis in a cell represents an elegant mechanism to achieve important biological phenomena such as cell migration, body axis formation during embryonic development and establishment of cell polarity. A prerequisite to studying translation in a restricted cellular compartment is the ability to unambiguously discriminate between proteins that arise through local protein synthesis and those that reach the site of interest by diffusion or transport. To tackle this problem, we set up a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based reporter system that allows one to uncouple the translation of reporter gene mRNA from its subcellular localization. The system is based on the iron-responsive element, which regulates the translation of both endogenous ferritin and transferrin transcripts in response to changes in iron concentration. Translation of the reporter messenger RNA (mRNA) is thus dependent on iron in the medium; both its transcription and localization, however, are unaffected. Known targeting sequences can be used to direct the mRNA transcript to a subcellular compartment of interest. For instance, the full-length 3′-untranslated region of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα mRNA can be added to the construct, after the stop codon of the GFP sequence, to selectively target the transcript into the dendrites of transiently transfected hippocampal neurons. This novel fluorescent assay will allow us to address a number of important biological questions in living mammalian cells.
Towards Human-like Performance Face Detection : A Convolutional Neural Network Approach

Face detection is a widely discussed topic in the field of computer vision. The application of face detection varies from convenient HMIto government-scale surveillance applications. The face detectors perform well when a image is provided that is in a perfect condition, such as an official portrait. In this condition a face is perfectly aligned to the lens of the camera, not occluded and it has no pose. The challenge for a face detector is to detect a face when it is not in a perfect condition and this situation happens more often than not in real life-situations. The goal of this research is to find out what the impact of providing more training data to a convolutional neural network(CNN)based face detector is. The face detector is constructed by the deep learning framework Caffe. The model used for the face detection is AlexNet. There were 10 versions of face detectors created, varying in size and how many iterations it gone through. There is a performance gain from 39 to 64 correct accepts, between the versions with the least and most training data, so the performance is increased when more training data is presented.
Total (elastic+absorption) cross sections for e-CH4 collisions in a spherical model at 0.10-500 eV.

Electron-CH/sub 4/ scattering is investigated in a wide energy range (0.1--500 eV) by using a previously proposed spherical model (A. Jain, J. Chem. Phys. 81, 724 (1984)). The study is divided into three energy regions: the 0.1--1.0-eV region, where a well-known minimum occurs in the total cross section (Ramsauer-Townsend (RT) effect), between 2 and 20 eV, with a d-wave broad structure around 7--8 eV, and from 20 to 500 eV, where inelastic channels (mainly ionization and dissociation) dominate over the elastic process. It is shown that a simple model, in which the total optical complex potential is spherical, is capable of reproducing qualitative features in the total, differential, and momentum-transfer cross sections in the present energy region.
Neuron-glia interactions of rat hippocampal cells in vitro: glial- guided neuronal migration and neuronal regulation of glial differentiation

To examine neuron-glia interactions of hippocampal cells, including glial-guided neuronal migration, glial organization of neuronal positioning and neuronal regulation of astroglial differentiation, rat hippocampal tissue, harvested between embryonic day 16 (E16) and postnatal day 3 (P3), was dissociated into a single cell suspension and plated in glass coverslip microcultures (Hatten and Liem, 1981; Hatten et al., 1984). Immunostaining the cells with antibodies against the glial filament protein (AbGFP) revealed developmental stage-specific changes in the number and extent of morphological differentiation of hippocampal astroglial cells. At E16-E18, fewer than 5% of the cells were AbGFP-positive; stained cells were immature, bearing very short processes. By E19-E20, the number of stained cells increased to 15% of the total cell population. Three forms of differentiated glial cells predominated, a bipolar form bearing processes 30–50 microns, an elongated form which resembled the radial glia of hippocampus, bearing processes 120 microns in length, and a stellate form with 3 or more processes 30–50 microns in length. At P0-P3, glial morphological differentiation varied with the culture substratum; differentiated forms resembling those seen at E20 occurred on Matrigel, but not on polylysine. Quantitation of the distribution of neurons relative to AbGFP-stained glial processes revealed developmental stage-specific changes in glial organization of neuronal positioning in the cultures. In cultures of E16-E18 hippocampal cells, the neurons did not preferentially associate with astroglial cells. By E19-E20, extensive neuron-glia interactions occurred, with 80–90% of the neurons being located within 5–10 microns of a glial process. In addition to their organization of neuronal positioning, E20 hippocampal astroglial cells supported extensive neuronal migration. Migrating hippocampal neurons displayed a cytology and neuron-glia cell apposition identical to that described for migrating cerebellar granule cells in vitro (Edmondson and Hatten, 1987), closely apposing their cell soma against the hippocampal glial process and moving along the glial arm by extending a thickened, leading process. Migration was seen only along highly elongated glial profiles resembling radial glial seen in vivo. The morphological differentiation of hippocampal glial cells in vitro was dependent on cell-cell interactions with neurons. In the absence of neurons, purified hippocampal astroglia had flat, undifferentiated profiles and proliferated rapidly. The addition of hippocampal neurons rapidly arrested glial growth and induced glial process extension.
Measuring participation in people living with multiple sclerosis: A comparison of self-reported frequency, importance and self-efficacy

Purpose. To compare three dimensions related to participation in everyday situations in community-dwelling adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods. Mail survey was obtained from 112 respondents. Data were analyzed using Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficients between responses to participation items relative to three question dimensions (importance, frequency, and self-efficacy) and criterion variables (mobility, depression, general health, fatigue and pain). Results. No significant associations were found between item responses in the importance dimension and the criterion variables. Weak associations were found for items in the frequency dimension, and stronger associations were found for items in the self-efficacy dimension. Conclusions. Different dimensions of participation in specific life situations yielded different responses and associations of those responses with key criterion measures. Subjective importance of participating in everyday situations is relatively independent of measures of mobility, general health, depression, fatigue and pain. Subjective judgments of self-efficacy for participation are more closely linked to these criterion measures. Caution is warranted when interpreting scales of participation because participation is a complex construct, potentially composed of several dimensions.
On the Capacity of the 2-User IM-DD Optical Broadcast Channel

The capacity of the intensity-modulation directdetection (IM-DD) optical broadcast channel (OBC) is investigated. The OBC is modeled as a Gaussian channel with input-independent noise and both average and peak input constraints. Outer and inner bounds on the capacity region are derived. The outer bounds are based on Bergmans' approach. The inner bounds are based on superposition coding with either truncated-Gaussian or discrete input distributions. By comparing the bounds, we observe that the truncated- Gaussian distribution is nearly optimal at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At low SNR on the other hand, on-off keying (OOK) combined with time-division multiple-access (TDMA) is optimal; it achieves any point on the boundary of the developed outer bound. This is interesting in practice since both OOK and TDMA have low complexity. At moderate SNR (typically [0; 8] dB), a discrete input distribution with a small alphabet size achieves a fairly good performance.
Cloud Computing With Big Data Clustering Using Privacy Preserving High-Order Possibilistic C-mean Algorithm

In this era, Pattern Recognition and Data Mining are widely used, because the size of data is increasing day by day. The Clustering of data’s are commonly done by PCM but as the size of data increases PCM is not able to do the clustering of heterogeneous data. So the Fuzzy Clustering which allows C-mean clustering can be used. The Fuzzy Clustering uses multiple Clusters data points, with each of the data points degree is varying. The Method which uses Clustering processes and image analysis is PCM for C-mean. Mainly two type of Clustering is used, one is HOPCM for clustering of large heterogeneous data and other is Normal Clustering PCM.HOPCM used for very large amount of data based on the Map Reduce functionality. Algorithm used to protect private data is PPHOPCM on Cloud by applying BGV Encryption Scheme on HOPCM data. As the experiment we can say that the heterogeneous data Clustering can be done by PPHOPCM with securing the private data using Cloud Computing. In this Paper we are giving a huge data to process to HDFS. Applying Map Reduce algorithm to the data. Then it is clustered and applying double encryption. The spark is used a tool for clustering. The encryption using BGV and AES128 Encryption Algorithms [2]. And Stored to Cloud. The encrypted data is Secure in the cloud. Using the same Encryption Key We can download the data. This improve the Security of data and Computing will be smoother.