Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence excitation spectra and light utilization in two red tide dinoflagellates

We compared the impact of structural changes in the light‐harvesting machinery of two bloom‐forming dinoflagellates (Prorocentrum minimum and Heterocapsa pygmaea) by quantifying photophysiological changes in order to define the alternative mechanisms of photoacclimation. There are species‐specific and photoacclimative differences in the abundance and composition of functional light‐harvesting complexes (including photosystem 1‐ and 2‐enriched bands) which are reflected in spectral changes in absorption, and photosystem 2 (PS2) fluorescence excitation spectra of whole cells, thylakoid micelles, and discrete photosynthetic pigment‐protein complexes. DCMU‐induced variations in fluorescence excitation spectra are evident in whole cells but not in isolated thylakoid micelles or functional chromoproteins; such variations indicate that intracellular self‐shading which causes variable fluorescence is eliminated in subcellular preparations. We developed a scaling procedure of PS2‐related in vivo fluorescence excitation spectra relative to Chl a‐specific absorption coefficients and used the chromoprotein differences to illustrate how the chromoprotein composition alters cellular fluorescence properties. We also examined the energy transfer efficiency of photosynthetic pigments and the photoprotective role and location of diadinoxanthin.
Accelerating Process Mining using Relational Databases

Given the abundance of event data, the challenge of process mining today is to enable process mining in the large. This research aims to address scalability problem in terms of memory use and time consumption. To this end, we use relational databases as the framework to both store event data and do process mining analysis. We conduct a pre-computation of intermediate structures during insertion time of the data. Finally, we implement the existing process mining algorithms to be compatible with relational database settings.
Encouraging Future Entrepreneurs: The Effect of Entrepreneurship Course Characteristics on Entrepreneurial Intention

Entrepreneurship courses can influence the entrepreneurial intention of the participants. However, if we want to design entrepreneurship courses responsibly and effectively, simply knowing that we can change entrepreneurial intention is not sufficient. We also need to understand why the change occurs: Which educational characteristics are more influential than others? How do they influence entrepreneurial intention through antecedent cognitive structures? Such insights can then be used for curriculum development. The present study combines exploratory and quantitative research methods. The exploratory part of the study consisted of semi-structured interviews, written learning reflections, and complementary interviews with experts in pedagogy. The objective was to derive hypotheses about course characteristics with a positive influence on the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. The hypotheses were tested with a quantitative study which was designed as an ex ante/ex post measurement. 465 valid pairs of ex ante/ex post questionnaires were filled out by students participating in entrepreneurship courses at 17 German-speaking universities. Ajzen's model of planned behaviour served as the underlying theoretical model. The validity of Ajzen's model was successfully tested using multivariate regressions. The hypotheses regarding the influence of course characteristics on attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control were tested by calculating bivariate correlations. Seven educational variables have been identified which can positively influence the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention: conveying practical knowledge, business planning activities, the integration of role models, options for building up networks, student-oriented teaching, explorative elements, and the integration of feedback processes. Most of the effective identified course elements require actions on the part of the students and are hence linked to experiential learning.
The statistical security of a statistical database

This note proposes a statistical perturbation scheme to protect a statistical database against compromise. The proposed scheme can handle the security of numerical as well as nonnumerical sensitive fields. Furthermore, knowledge of some records in a database does not help to compromise unknown records. We use Chebyshev's inequality to analyze the trade-offs among the magnitude of the perturbations, the error incurred by statistical queries, and the size of the query set to which they apply. We show that if the statistician is given absolute error guarantees, then a compromise is possible, but the cost is made exponential in the size of the database.
Direct end-user access to remote information

Many large, widely distributed organizations struggle with the enormous task of providing the right information to the right people at the right time. Organizations facing this task often develop groups of analysts who specialize in supplying information transport and access capabilities to end-users. However, this approach has several drawbacks. Our aim is to address these problems at their source — not by replacing analysts in the information access problem, but by automating the roles assumed by analysts. Toward this end, this paper describes a strategy that combines four techniques to solve such problems: (1) an architecture for coarse-grained agents (CGAS}, (2) a communication protocol that enables CGAS to interact, (3,) an intermediate query language (IQL), designed around user-level concepts, and (4) a query translation mechanism that transforms IQL requests into database-specific queries. A prototype implementation, known as oMIE, is described.
Islands: aliasing protection in object-oriented languages

Functions that are guaranteed not to have side effects are common in modern procedural languages, but not in object-oriented languages. Certain types of state changes are essential in object functions; the difficulty lies in permitting these while banning undesirable side effects. A simple way of doing this is presented. Using this as a base, we can introduce islands of objects which can statically ensure nonaliasing properties in a very non-restrictive way. Islands make construction of opaque object components more practical. They also make formal treatment of object behaviour more feasible, since the object structures they encompass can be truly opaque to their clients.
New Minimun Classification Error and Maximum Classification Accuracy Criterions for Bayesian Binary Hipothesis Testing Using Linear Matrix Transformations in GMM

We address the problem of improving the classification score in Bayesian binary hypothesis tests. We propose two methods to perform a dimensionality reduction by means of a linear matrix transformation from an original feature space to a new one. The criteria of the two methods is expressed in two different cost functions. The first function is based on the Bayes error and expresses the idea of minimizing the error and the second is based on the Chernoff distance and expresses the idea of maximizing the classification accuracy. In this study each class is modeled by means of a Gaussian mixture and the methods aim at finding a transformation matrix which is optimum depending on the selected criterion and its corresponding cost function. Once defined the cost functions we derive an interative method which applies a steepest ascend strategy starting from an appropriate initialization. The experiments are carried out over a database of pathological speech and show that our approach represents an improvement in classification scores over other similar matrix transformations.
Neutral Current Results Without Gauge Theories

Low-energy weak interactions are phenomenologically described in terms of an intrinsic part possessing a global SU(2) symmetry plus an additional electromagnetic correction. This description reconstructs the Weinberg-Salam SU(2) \ensuremath{\bigotimes} U(1) gauge-theory effective Lagrangian. Use of dispersion relations and Schwarz inequalities provides a lower bound on the range of the charged-current weak force, comparable to that obtained from gauge theories. The connection with the usual gauge-theory approach, especially the work of Georgi and Weinberg based on the group $\mathrm{SU}(2)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}\mathrm{U}(1)\ensuremath{\bigotimes}G$, is elucidated.
Couple resilience and life wellbeing in firefighters

Abstract The validity of the Couple Resilience Inventory was tested using 102 married or cohabiting firefighters. This instrument measures types of relationship behavior that often occur during stressful life events and that are expected to be associated with an ability to cope with employment in a stressful occupation. It includes scales measuring two nearly orthogonal dimensions, with one dimension pertaining to positive behavior and the other to negative. Firefighters completed an online questionnaire that included the Couple Resilience Inventory and measures of relationship satisfaction, exposure to traumatic events, and life wellbeing. In line with hypotheses, scales measuring positive and negative couple resilience were nearly orthogonal to each other, and distinct from a measure of relationship satisfaction, but both scales correlated positively with exposure to traumatic events, and both correlated in opposite directions with relationship satisfaction and life wellbeing. Results were consistent with the theoretical model and they supported instrument validity.
Floating-Disk Parylene Microvalves for Self-Pressure-Regulating Flow Controls

This paper presents the first parylene-based floating-disk microvalve with self-pressure-regulating characteristics for various microfluidic applications. By incorporating a free-floating disk diaphragm with no anchoring/tethering structures to constrain its movement, the microvalve realizes configurable pressure-based flow-shunting functions in a stand-alone fashion. Its passive operation eliminates the need for power sources or the external actuation of the device. A multilayer polymer surface-micromachining technology is utilized for device fabrication by exploiting parylene C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene) as the biocompatible structural material for high mechanical compliance as compared with other conventional thin-film materials. Experimental results successfully demonstrate that the in-channel microvalves control water flows in the following two different shunt designs: 1) a nearly ideal regular check valve with zero forward-cracking pressure, zero reverse leakage, and 1.25 times1013 - 2.09 times 1013 Nldrs/m5 (0.03-0.05 psildrmin/muL, 1.55-2.59 mmHgldrmin/muL) of fluidic resistance; and 2) a pressure-bandpass check valve with 0-100 mmHg and 0-10 muL/min of pressure and flow rate regulation ranges, respectively, as well as 4.88 &times;1013 Nldrs/m5 (0.12 psi middotmin/muL, 6.08 mmHg middotmin/muL) of fluidic resistance in the forward conductive region. Such a biocompatible and implantable microvalve has the great potential of being integrated in microfluidic systems to facilitate effective microflow control for lab-on-a-chip and biomedical applications. [2008-0055].
Gene Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Putative Transcription Factors whiB1-7 in Redox Environments

The seven WhiB proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) are widely believed to be redox-sensing transcription factors due to their binding of iron-sulfur clusters and similarities to DNA binding proteins. Here, we explored the nature of this hypothesized relationship. We exposed M.tb to physiologic conditions such as gradual hypoxia, nitric oxide (NO), cyclic AMP and in vivo conditions, and measured transcription of the whiB genes. We found whiB3 to be induced both by hypoxia and NO, whiB7 to be induced in macrophage-like cells, and whiB4 to be induced in mouse lung. Cyclic AMP induced whiB1,−2, −4, −6 and −7. Our data indicate that the M.tb whiB genes are induced independently by various stimuli which may add versatility to their suggested redox-sensing properties.
Construction of Full-Diversity LDPC Lattices for Block-Fading Channels

LDPC lattices were the first family of lattices which have an efficient decoding algorithm in high dimensions over an AWGN channel. Considering Construction D' of lattices with one binary LDPC code as underlying code gives the well known Construction A LDPC lattices or 1-level LDPC lattices. Block-fading channel (BF) is a useful model for various wireless communication channels in both indoor and outdoor environments. Frequency-hopping schemes and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can conveniently be modelled as block-fading channels. Applying lattices in this type of channel entails dividing a lattice point into multiple blocks such that fading is constant within a block but changes, independently, across blocks. The design of lattices for BF channels offers a challenging problem, which differs greatly from its counterparts like AWGN channels. Recently, the original binary Construction A for lattices, due to Forney, have been generalized to a lattice construction from totally real and complex multiplication fields. This generalized Construction A of lattices provides signal space diversity intrinsically, which is the main requirement for the signal sets designed for fading channels. In this paper we construct full diversity LDPC lattices for block-fading channels using Construction A over totally real number fields. We propose a new iterative decoding method for these family of lattices which has complexity that grows linearly in the dimension of the lattice. In order to implement our decoding algorithm, we propose the definition of a parity check matrix and Tanner graph for full diversity Construction A lattices. We also prove that the constructed LDPC lattices together with the proposed decoding method admit diversity order n-1 over an n-block-fading channel.
A Two-Layered Suspension Blood Flow Through a Composite Stenosis

Blood flow in the presence of a composite stenosis is investigated by examining the effects that red cell concentration, stenosis height and a peripheral layer have on blood flow characteristics. A two-layered model with a particle-fluid suspension in the core region and a peripheral plasma layer without any particles is used to represent blood. Expressions for three flow characteristics (impedance, wall shear stress and shear stress at the stenosis throat) are derived. Flow impedance increases with increasing hematocrit, stenosis height and diameter of the vessel but decreases with increasing tube length. The shear stress on the wall increases with increasing hematocrit, stenosis height and diameter of the vessel. Trends in the shear stress at the stenosis throat and impedance are similar with the variation of any parameter. The two-fluid model’s flow characteristics are lower than those of the one-fluid model. In the analysis of the particle-fluid suspension the flow characteristics there were higher than when flow is considered to be particle-free. This knowledge of how the peripheral layer affects blood flow characteristics can aid in the understanding of diseased arterial systems.
Caregivers’ Attitude towards People with Mental Illness and Perceived Stigma: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal

Background Mental illness is stigmatized in most of the communities and people with such illness are often subjected to defame. Stigma impairs an individual’s and their caregiver’s physical, social and emotional wellbeing, and health-seeking behavior. Sufficient literature on how often the caregivers of people with mental illness from low and middle-income countries are stigmatized and how they perceive people with mental illness is unavailable. In this study, we examined caregivers’ attitude towards people with mental illness and perceived stigma. Methods We conducted face-to-face interviews with 170 caregivers in an outpatient clinic of a hospital in Nepal using a structured questionnaire. We calculated median and inter-quartile range of the attitude and perceived stigma scores. To assess the correlates, Kruskal Wallis H test and Mann Whitney U test were carried out. Results Overall median score for the domains: attitude (score range: 18–90) and perceived stigma (score range: 12–60) were 42 and 28 respectively, inter-quartile range being 8 each. Attitude score differed significantly by the sex of caregiver (p<0.05), educational status of caregiver (p<0.001), sex of patient (p<0.05) and type of mental illness (p<0.05). Perceived stigma score varied significantly by caregiver’s sex (p<0.05), marital status (p<0.001), educational status (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.05), relation with the patient (p<0.005) and use of alternative treatment modalities (p<0.05). Conclusion Sex of participant, educational status, sex of patient and type of mental illness were the correlates of attitude towards mental illness. Similarly, sex of participant, marital status, educational status, occupation, caregiver’s relation with patient and use of alternative treatment modalities were correlates of perceived stigma. Findings of this study suggest that interventions targeting these high-risk populations might be beneficial to help build a positive attitude and overcome the perceived social stigma.
Carbon, Fossil Fuel, and Biodiversity Mitigation With Wood and Forests

Life-cycle analyses, energy analyses, and a range of utilization efficiencies were developed to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) and fossil fuel (FF) saved by various solid wood products, wood energy, and unharvested forests. Some products proved very efficient in CO2 and FF savings, while others did not. Not considering forest regrowth after harvest or burning if not harvested, efficient products save much more CO2 than the standing forest; but wood used only for energy generally saves slightly less. Avoided emissions (using wood in place of steel and concrete) contributes the most to CO2 and FF savings compared to the product and wood energy contributions. Burning parts of the harvested logs that are not used for products creates an additional CO2 and FF savings. Using wood substitutes could save 14 to 31% of global CO2 emissions and 12 to 19% of global FF consumption by using 34 to 100% of the world’s sustainable wood growth. Maximizing forest CO2 sequestration may not be compatible with biodiversity. More CO2 can be sequestered synergistically in the products or wood energy and landscape together than in the unharvested landscape. Harvesting sustainably at an optimum stand age will sequester more carbon in the combined products, wood energy, and forest than harvesting sustainably at other ages.
[Development of a food frequency questionnaire for adults in a population-based sample in Cuiabá, Mid-Western Region of Brazil].

OBJECTIVE To describe the design of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to be used in studies on food intake of adults from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. METHODS A 24-hour dietary recall (24hR) was applied to a sub-sample of 104 men and women, randomly selected from a random population-based study sample. Based on the frequency of report and on the contribution to the intake of energy and nutrients in the 24hR, 81 food items and respective reference servings were selected to comprise the FFQ food list. Reference portions were defined based on the most reported portion sizes in the 24-hour dietary recalls. The FFQ list was associated to eight options of intake frequency. RESULTS Sugar, coffee, beans, rice, beef, bread, and soda were cited by at least 50% of the interviewed group and the latter four foods were the ones that most contributed to energy intake. There were no differences among men and women related to the foods that provided most macro and micronutrients. CONCLUSION The FFQ included the most relevant food items involved in the food habits of the adult population from Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Once the validity and reproducibility of this tool are proven, it will be useful in epidemiologic and clinical investigations on the role of diet on disease development in the target population.
Vision-based kinematic calibration of a 4-DOF pick-and-place robot

Pick-and-place robot is usually a 4 degrees-of-freedom (DOFs) apparatus and indispensable in flip chip bonder. Placement accuracy is the most important index to evaluate it. To improve placement accuracy, machine vision is generally utilized to provide the exact pose parameters of chip and pad, which two must be aligned with each other before placement. This paper proposes an effective vision-based kinematic calibration method which calibrates 3 translational DOFs and 1 rotational DOF of pick-and-place robot, respectively. For the 3 translational DOFs, a down-look vision system takes an image and obtains position of a fixed reference cross mark when it moves with pick-and-place robot and the relationship between displacement of pick-and-place robot and position parameters of the cross mark in down-look vision system is the key factor to calibrate it. For the rotational DOF, error parameters of it can be derived after the projective curve of its trajectory in the image plane of up-look vision system is fitted with an ellipse. Placement accuracy is improved to better than ±30μm in the experiment after kinematic calibration. Result shows this vision-based kinematic calibration method is valid and very suitable for 4-DOF pick-and-place robot in flip chip bonder.
Hard Problems of Tagset Conversion (cid:3)

Part-of-speech or morphological tags are important means of annotation in a vast number of corpora. However, different sets of tags are used in different corpora, even for the same language. Tagset conversion is difficult, and solutions tend to be tailored to a particular pair of tagsets. We discuss Interset, a universal approach that makes the conversion tools reusable. While some morphosyntactic categories are clearly defined and easily ported from one tagset to another, there are also phenomena that are difficult to deal with because of overlapping concepts. In the present paper we focus on some of such problems, discuss their coverage in selected tagsets and propose solutions to unify the respective tagsets’ approaches.
Noise Measurement Setup for Quartz Crystal Microbalance

Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a high sensitive chemical sensor which has found widespread spectrum of applications. There are several mechanisms that are related to fluctuation phenomena. Since the aim of our research is oriented to study the sensitivity and influ- ence of different kind of noises on sensor resolution, we modified an existing method to measure the small fre- quency fluctuation of QCM. The paper describes our measurement setup, in which a quartz crystal oscillator with coated active layers and a reference quartz oscillator are driven by two oscillator circuits. Each one regulates a frequency of a crystal at the minimum impedance which corresponds to the series resonance. A data-acquisition card triggers on the rise-edges of the output signal and stores these corresponding times on which the instantane- ous frequency is estimated by own-written software. In comparison to other measurement setups, our approach can acquire immediate change of QCM frequency, thus, chemical processes can be even described on the basis of high-order statistics. The experiments were provided on quartz crystals with the sorption layer of polypyrrole, which is suitable for the construction of QCM humidity sensors.