Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Port traffic signal control method based on gradient descent and PSO Algorithm

To improve the efficiency of particle swarm optimization (PSO) used in traffic signal timing, some methods were talked about. In this paper, a new method Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm with Global Best Gradient Descent was proposed. Not only can this algorithm avoid the optimal value getting into a local extreme, but also simple and efficient. Through comparing the simulation results of the mentioned methods in this paper, the conclusion was drawn. Simulation results show that this algorithm can get a higher efficiency when applied to port traffic signal timing compared with other intelligence methods.
Antioxidant Enzymes and Apoptosis

The role of antioxidant enzymes can be interpreted in terms of fine tuning of the concentration of reactive oxygen species which are required in the redox regulation of the cell cycle and of programmed cell death. This review summarizes findings from papers published in the last few years which deal with the relation between apoptosis and the two antioxidant enzymes, manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase. With respect to MnSOD, the literature is much in favor of an inhibitory action in apoptosis. Increased MnSOD activity has been shown to prevent cell death via the receptor‐mediated apoptotic pathway as well as cell death via the mitochondrial pathway. The literature on the influence of catalase activity on apoptosis is less consistent. Evidence for both an antiapoptotic and a proapoptotic role of catalase can be found. From the results reviewed here, two schemes for the involvement of MnSOD and catalase in the regulation of apoptosis can be extracted: 1) Both MnSOD and catalase inhibit apoptosis by removing superoxide anion radicals or H2O2, respectively, because these reactive oxygen species are mediators required for the apoptotic program or inhibit a survival pathway. 2) An increase in H2O2 by downregulation or inhibition of catalase activity and/or downregulation of MnSOD activity inhibits apoptosis while a decrease in H2O2 by upregulation of catalase activity and/or upregulation of MnSOD activity supports apoptosis, possibly because of a supportive role of H2O2 in a survival pathway. The data reported so far do not allow for an explanation why some cell models appear to fit the first scheme while the second scheme appears to correctly describe other cell models. The present state of the literature reveals that antioxidant enzymes play a more intricate role in cell physiology than previously assumed.
Design of the coarse attitude angular rate estimator for low earth orbit satellite

It is undeniable that the satellite attitude is random just after the orbit injection from the launcher. In a phase, it is difficult to extract the full attitude knowledge of the satellite, however, it can be possible to determine the coarse attitude angular rate of the satellite using the difference of two successive magnetometer measurements. It is required to put the satellite attitude from the unknown random attitude to a predictable attitude. This filter was designed for an axially symmetric configuration with almost equal moments of inertia around all axes and diagonal matrix of inertia in previous literature. This paper presents another design for a micro satellite with different moments of inertia around all axes and non-zero off diagonal. The paper describes also the various steps to design the coarse attitude angular rate estimator for low earth satellite. Simulation results will be presented to evaluate the performance of the estimator and finally the conclusion and the annex.
Expression of CD133 in Synovial Sarcoma

The development of synovial sarcoma, a translocationally defined soft tissue tumor of unknown histogenesis with considerable resistance to systemic therapy and a poor prognosis, may involve cancer stem-like cells. Recent studies suggest that synovial sarcoma arises from a primitive progenitor-type cell and have shown that synovial sarcomas contain subpopulations with enhanced tumorigenic potential; however, little is known about cancer stem-like cells in synovial sarcoma. Histologic and gene expression studies have reported features of synovial sarcoma that are reminiscent of neural development, suggesting that a neural cancer stem-like cell marker, such as CD133, may mark cancer stem-like cells in synovial sarcoma, allowing for further characterization. Here, the immunohistochemical expression of CD133 in primary synovial sarcoma tumor tissue and synovial sarcoma cell lines is determined. Subpopulations of CD133 expressing cells are present in all primary synovial sarcomas (5/5) and synovial sarcoma cell lines (3/3) examined. Histologically, CD133 positive cells are dispersed and seem to have dendritic processes. This study demonstrates the presence of CD133 expressing cells in synovial sarcoma for the first time and validates 3 synovial sarcoma cell lines as models for further study of the CD133+ subpopulation. The relationship between CD133 expression and cancer stem-like cells suggests that CD133 expressing synovial sarcoma cells may represent cancer stem-like cells in synovial sarcoma, which has significant implications for understanding the pathogenesis of this tumor and developing effective therapies.
Ontogenetic variation in the mandibular ramus of great apes and humans

Considerable variation exists in mandibular ramus form among primates, particularly great apes and humans. Recent analyses of adult ramal morphology have suggested that features on the ramus, especially the coronoid process and sigmoid notch, can be treated as phylogenetic characters that can be used to reconstruct relationships among great ape and fossil hominin taxa. Others have contended that ramal morphology is more influenced by function than phylogeny. In addition, it remains unclear how ontogeny of the ramus contributes to adult variation in great apes and humans. Specifically, it is unclear whether differences among adults appear early and are maintained throughout ontogeny, or if these differences appear, or are enhanced, during later development. To address these questions, the present study examined a broad ontogenetic sample of great apes and humans using two‐dimensional geometric morphometric analysis. Variation within and among species was summarized using principal component and thin plate spline analyses, and Procrustes distances and discriminant function analyses were used to statistically compare species and age classes. Results suggest that morphological differences among species in ramal morphology appear early in ontogeny and persist into adulthood. Morphological differences among adults are particularly pronounced in the height and angulation of the coronoid process, the depth and anteroposterior length of the sigmoid notch, and the inclination of the ramus. In all taxa, the ascending ramus of the youngest specimens is more posteriorly inclined in relation to the occlusal plane, shifting to become more upright in adults. These results suggest that, although there are likely functional influences over the form of the coronoid process and ramus, the morphology of this region can be profitably used to differentiate among great apes, modern humans, and fossil hominid taxa. J. Morphol. 275:661–677, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2D radar imaging with velocity estimation using a MIMO OFDM-based radar for automotive applications

This paper presents a 2-dimensional radar imaging concept using a MIMO OFDM-based radar, which can also estimate velocity at the same time for automotive radar purpose at 24 GHz. The transmit OFDM signal is designed in such a way that the multiple transmitters will only radiate at the subcarriers unique to itself while preserving the total bandwidth and thus the range resolution. The virtual antenna array concept is utilized to widen the basis of the antenna array with the least possible transmit-receive elements. Using beamforming techniques at the receiver together with novel radar processing techniques, the range, Doppler, and azimuth information for an arbitrary number of objects (relative to the number of antenna elements used in the antenna array) can be estimated through a simultaneous transmission.
Empirical Evidence on Explicit and Implicit Corporate Tax Burdens: Three Studies

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Wages and On-Costs in Australian Industries: 1968-69 to 1985-86

In the study summarized here, estimates were made of the costs of employing labour in Australian industries for the years 1968-69 to 1985-86. The estimates include wages and five types of on-costs. They imply that the on-cost share in labour costs increased sharply in each industry over the period 1968-69 to 1974-75. Since 1974-75, on-cost shares have continued to grow but at moderate rates. The estimates rely on a wide variety of data sources and involve numerous interpolations and extrapolations. They are suitable for the analysis of medium-term trends rather than annual movements. It is to be hoped that the ABS continues its surveys of labour costs started in 1987. These surveys would then provide satisfactory time-series data for investigating the relationship between labour costs and other variables such as employment and inflation. They would also obviate the need for further studies of the type reported in this paper.
The enzymic activation of D-alanine.

D-Alanine is a major component in cell-wall preparations obtained from a variety of microorganisms (Snell, Radin & Ikawa, 1955; Salton, 1957). In addition, its presence has been demonstrated in intracellular nucleotides (Park, 1952b; Strominger, Scott & Threnn, 1959) which accumulate when Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are treated with penicillin. The nucleotides are believed to be precursors of wall material of these bacteria (Park & Strominger, 1957; Strominger & Threnn, 1959). Moreover, D-alanine is required for growth of several lactic acid bacteria in media deficie'nt in vitamin ]E8 (Snell, 1945; Holden & Snell, 1949). Snell et al. (1955) have shown that D-alanine is present 'in two distinct forms' in the walls of Streptococcus faecali and various lactic acid bacteria. In S. faecalis 40% of the D-alanine of the walls can be extracted with hot trichloroacetic acid as a bound form which is described as 'especially labile to alkaline hydrolysis', whereas the remaining D-alanine, which is insoluble in trichloroacetic acid, appears to be bound as a 'protein-like material'. The similarity in properties and method of extraction of the former fraction suggests that these authors had obtained preparations containing configuration. Recent investigations by Ikawa & Snell (1958) have demonstrated the presence of Dalanyl-D-alanine as a major product of D-alanine metabolism in Streptococcus faecalis. The wide distribution of D-alarine in a variety of bound forms in bacteria has directed attention to its metabolism in cell-free extracts. This report describes the presence, partial purification and characteristics of an amino acid-activating enzyme for D-alanine from L. arabinosus 17-5. A preliminary report of this work has been presented (Baddiley & Neuhaus, 1959). In contrast with other amino acid-activating enzymes, this is the first example of an enzyme for activating a Damino acid. The process for the activation of Dalanine is analogous to that for the L-amino acids, which was first discovered by Hoagland, Keller & Zamecnik (1956) and demonstrated later with more highly purified enzymes (Davie, Koningsberger & Lipmann, 1956; Berg, 1956; DeMoss, Genuth & Novelli, 1956; Holley & Goldstein, 1959; van de Ven, Koningsberger & Overbeek, 1958; Schweet & Allen, 1958; Webster & Davie, 1959; Bergmann, Berg, Preiss, Ofengand & Dieckmann, 1959). According to currently accepted views, the activation step would be represented by reaction (1):
A forecast-based comparison of restricted Wishart autoregressive models for realized covariance matrices

Models for realized covariance matrices may suffer from the curse of dimensionality as more traditional multivariate volatility models (such as GARCH and stochastic volatility). Within the class of realized covariance models, we focus on the Wishart specification introduced by C. Gourieroux, J. Jasiak, and R. Sufana [2009. The Wishart autoregressive process of multivariate stochastic volatility. Journal of Econometrics 150, no. 2: 167–81] and analyze here the forecasting performances of the parametric restrictions discussed in M. Bonato [2009. Estimating the degrees of freedom of the realized volatility Wishart autoregressive model. Manuscript available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1357044], which are motivated by asset features such as their economic sector and book-to-market or price-to-earnings ratios, among others. Our purpose is to verify if restricted model forecasts are statistically equivalent to full-model specification, a result that would support the use of restrictions when the problem cross-sectional dimension is large.
Design of RF-CMOS integrated circuits for wireless communications

The emergence of digital mobile broadband communication systems for voice, data, multimedia and positioning is coupled to the continuous progress of silicon CMOS-technology. Single chip integration with digital part, high integration density, low power consumption, low cost under mass production aspects and excellent RF performance are the current system design challenges. This paper focuses on design issues of classical RF-transceiver function blocks like LNAs, PAs, VCOs and mixers in context with multimode-/ multiband- SoC challenges. State of the art achievements are presented and an outlook on future RF-CMOS integration trends is given.
Optimal leverage with a variable borrowing rate

This article is a theoretical examination of optimal leverage to maximize the value of an investment asset, assuming that the interest rate on loans increases with leverage. The expected rate of return to equity for the investing firm (that is subject to taxation at the entity level) and market equilibrium for the model are derived. The amount of risk that is assumed by investing firms that borrow is set by the competitive market. The article also includes a model of the capitalization rate for commercial real estate, defined as net operating income divided by property value (which depends upon leverage).
Writes: the dirty secret of causal consistency

Causal consistency offers geo-distributed systems what ought to be a sweet option between the poor performance of strong consistency and the weak guarantees of eventual consistency. Yet, despite its appealing properties, causal consistency has seen limited adoption in industry, where systems have instead been clustering around the two extremes of eventual and strong consistency. We argue that this reluctance stems primarily from how causal consistency handles writes—both in how they are propagated, and in how conﬂicting writes are applied. We present our experience in designing and building two recent systems, Occult [25] and TARDiS [11], that try to address or mitigate these problems, and highlight some of the open challenges that remain in this space
Rapid Detection and Differentiation of Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 Using Multivalent Antigens and Magnetic Immunochromatography Testing

ABSTRACT A simplified lateral-flow assay for the detection of antibodies to HIV using magnetic-bead conjugates and multibranched peptides from both HIV-1 and HIV-2 was developed. Magnetic immunochromatography testing (MICT) uses a standard lateral-flow platform that incorporates magnetic-bead conjugates for quantitative measurement of the magnetic field distortion associated with the bound magnetic conjugate (reported as adjusted relative magnetic units [MAR]). The results of the optimized MICT assay were compared to standard enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blotting (WB) results using a blinded 649-member panel of specimens from the United States, Cameroon, and West Africa. The panel was comprised of samples from individuals infected with various HIV-1 subtypes (n = 234) or HIV-2 (n = 65) and HIV-seronegative specimens (n = 350). Additionally, 13 HIV-1 seroconversion panels (total specimens = 85), a worldwide panel containing seven of the major circulating HIV-1 subtypes (n = 18), an HIV-2 panel, an HIV-1/HIV-2 mixed panel, and 100 prospective specimens were tested with completely concordant results. Assay reproducibility (observed MAR) for both intra- and interrun testing was excellent, with coefficients of variation of <12%. MICT can provide a rapid, low-cost method of determining HIV antibody status requiring no subjective interpretations.
Grain Marketing Parastatals in Asia: Why Do They Have to Change Now?

Using case studies from six Asian countries, this paper (a) assesses the relevance of underlying rationales for public intervention in foodgrain markets, (b) documents the existing policies and regulations that support operation of grain parastatals, (c) provides estimates of benefits and costs of parastatals, and (d) compares experiences of countries that liberalized (or reduced intervention) with the ones that continue to have significant presence of parastatals. Our results suggest that conditions in the region have improved significantly over the past thirty years; and none of the four commonly agreed rationales - that is, poorly integrated domestic markets, thin and volatile world market, promoting modern technology and the scarcity of foreign exchange reserves - for public intervention in foodgrain markets are now persuasive. Domestic foodgrain markets are integrated, international markets for both wheat and rice are significantly more robust than they were thirty years ago, High-Yielding Varieties (HYV) now cover practically all of the high potential area sown to wheat and rice; and foreign currency reserves have increased dramatically in all countries in recent years. However, although rationales have lost their significance, many countries continue to practice old policies and provide regulatory supports to parastatals, including monopoly control over international trade, preferential access to transportation, restrictions on movement of foodgrains, and cheap or interest-free credit. Relative to the private sector, the costs of the grain parastatals have been high and are increasing, as special interests and rent-seeking are increasingly dictating their operation. This is being manifested in various forms, such as excessive public stocks in India, vacillating import policies in Indonesia and Pakistan, questionable government foodgrain import decisions in the Philippines, and politically-determined ceiling and floor prices in India. On the other hand, the experiences of Bangladesh and Vietnam, both of which have implemented extensive reforms over the last fifteen years, suggest that reduced government intervention can promote competition in the domestic markets, reduce subsidies, and release funds for development and anti-poverty programs without jeopardizing price stability. The paper concludes that reforms are overdue and the delay in changing the old ways of doing price stabilization will be increasingly wasteful.
A novel intronic polymorphism of ABCA1 gene reveals risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese

Recent genetic studies have shown that variants of the ATP‐binding cassette transporter A1, ABCA1, may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this case‐control study, a panel of 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (including three amino‐acid‐coding SNPs used for replication of previous work, and 16 newly selected intronic tag SNPs) was genotyped. Nominally significant single marker P‐values were observed in four SNPs, with the highest score of 0.003 for rs2297404 (OR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.23–2.87). In addition, six distinct linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks were detected. LD block1 harbored three nominally significant SNPs (rs2297404, rs2230808, and rs2020927), and showed a different haplotype structure in the affected and unaffected groups. Of the four haplotypes identified, haplotype2 (CAC) was more prevalent in the disease group (0.323 in AD vs. 0.202 in control); while haplotype1 (TGG) was over‐represented in the healthy controls (0.595 in control vs. 0.493 in AD), indicating disease risk conferring possibility of haplotype2. After doubling the sample size, the three nominally significant SNPs were still significantly associated with AD. Although coding SNP (rs2230808) was confirmed to have a significant association with AD, prediction of the effects of an amino acid substitution SNP rs2230808 (R1587K) on the three‐dimensional structure and function of the ABCA1 protein using PolyPhen program revealed that it is unlikely to be functionally significant. However, the adjacent rs2297404 in the same LD block is potentially functionally significant because of its position in the immediate vicinity of a splicing branch site. Further functional analysis of this polymorphism should be a high priority. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapeutics , Targets , and Chemical Biology Trastuzumab Has Preferential Activity against Breast Cancers Driven by HER 2 Homodimers

In breast cancer cells with HER2 gene amplification, HER2 receptors exist on the cell surface as monomers, homodimers, and heterodimers with EGFR/HER3. The therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, an approved therapy for HER2þ breast cancer, cannot block ligand-induced HER2 heterodimers, suggesting it cannot effectively inhibit HER2 signaling. Hence, HER2 oligomeric states may predict the odds of a clinical response to trastuzumab in HER2-driven tumors. To test this hypothesis, we generated nontransformed human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells stably expressing a chimeric HER2–FKBP molecule that could be conditionally induced to homodimerize by adding the FKBP ligand AP1510, or instead induced to heterodimerize with EGFR or HER3 by adding the heterodimer ligands EGF/TGFa or heregulin. AP1510, EGF, and heregulin each induced growth of MCF10A cells expressing HER2–FKBP. Trastuzumab inhibited homodimer-mediated but not heterodimer-mediated cell growth. In contrast, the HER2 antibody pertuzumab, which blocks HER2 heterodimerization, inhibited growth induced by heregulin but not AP1510. Lastly, the HER2/EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib blocked both homodimerand heterodimer-induced growth. AP1510 triggered phosphorylation of Erk1/2 but not AKT, whereas trastuzumab inhibited AP1510-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation and ShcHER2 homodimer binding, but not TGFa-induced AKT phosphorylation. Consistent with these observations, high levels of HER2 homodimers correlated with longer time to progression following trastuzumab therapy in a cohort of patients with HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. Together, our findings confirm the notion that HER2 oligomeric states regulate HER2 signaling, also arguing that trastuzumab sensitivity of homodimers may reflect their inability to activate the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT pathway. A clinical implication of our results is that high levels of HER2 homodimers may predict a positive response to trastuzumab. Cancer Res; 71(5);
Multi-stage image deblurring using long/short exposure time image pair

This paper proposes a multi-stage de-blurring algorithm which iteratively estimates a blur kernel from a short and long exposure-time image pair, and de-convolutes the long exposure-time image by using the estimated blur kernel. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides sharper details and smaller artifacts than the state-of-the-art algorithms.