Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Endothelial cell hypoxic stress proteins.

The vascular endothelium is an important mediator of vascular tone, inflammatory-immune reactions, vascular permeability, angiogenesis, and hemostasis. Endothelial functions may be altered by changes in the local cellular environment, particularly changes in oxygen tension. The mechanisms by which endothelial cells (ECs) respond and adapt to hypoxia are unknown; however, the EC is one of the more hypoxia-tolerant mammalian cell types. Cultured ECs exposed to hypoxia up-regulate a set of stress proteins, termed hypoxia-associated proteins (HAPs), that are distinct from the classically described stress proteins induced by heat shock (heat-shock proteins, HSPs) or glucose deprivation (glucose-regulated proteins, GRPs). Two of these proteins have been identified as the glycolytic enzymes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and non-neuronal enolase (NNE). GAPDH expression during hypoxia is regulated primarily at the level of transcription, while the mechanism of NNE mRNA accumulation remains unclear. GAPDH, NNE, and the other HAPs are up-regulated by transitional metals and deferoxamine; however, unlike the situation with other hypoxia-regulated proteins such as erythropoietin, the up-regulation of GAPDH, NNE, and the other HAPs by hypoxia is not inhibited by carbon monoxide. Subcellular fractionation of hypoxic EC has shown that GAPDH and NNE are up-regulated in the cytoplasmic fraction as would be expected for a glycolytic enzyme; however, a protein corresponding to GAPDH is also up-regulated in the nuclear fraction. This suggests that GAPDH and perhaps NNE have functions aside from their catalytic function in glycolysis. It is unknown whether the up-regulation of GAPDH, NNE, and the other HAPs in ECs is related to the relative ability of ECs to adapt to hypoxia; however, other more-hypoxia-sensitive cells do not up-regulate HAPs. (J Lab Clin Med 1998; 132:456-63)
Memory effects description by neural networks with delayed feedback connections

For the purpose of dynamical systems modelling it was proposed to include feedback connections or delay elements in the classical feedforward neural network structure so that the present output of the neural network depends on its previous values. These delay elements can be connected to the hidden and/or output neurons of the main neural network. Each delay element gets a value of a state variable at a past. time instant and keeps this value during a single sampling period. The groups of delay elements record the values of the state variables for a given time period in the past. Changing the number of the delay elements, which belongs to one group, a shorter or a longer time period in the past can be accounted for. Thus, the connection weights determine the influence of the past process states on the present state in a similar way as it is in the time delay kernel or CER-MF models. Specific feedforward neural networks with time delay connections are employed to solve the problem of neural network chemostat modelling as well as specific kinetic rates modelling. The obtained during models training weights of the feedback connections are discussed as the points of a time delay kernel or as the strength levels in a CER model (the points in the CER-MF). The corresponding changes in these weights with changing of the time period in the past that is accounted for are shown.
Nanobiotechnology Promotes Noninvasive High‐Intensity Focused Ultrasound Cancer Surgery

The successful cancer eradication in a noninvasive manner is the ultimate objective in the fight against cancer. As a “bloodless scalpel,” high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is regarded as one of the most promising and representative noninvasive therapeutic modalities for cancer surgery. However, large‐scale clinical applications of HIFU are still in their infancy because of critical efficiency and safety issues which remain to be solved. Fortunately, recently developed nanobiotechnology provides an alternative efficient approach to improve such important issues in HIFU, especially for cancer therapy. This Research News presents the very recent exciting progresses on the elaborate design and fabrication of organic, inorganic, and organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles for enhancing the HIFU ablation efficiency against tumor tissues. It is highly expected that this Research News can arouse more extensive research enthusiasm on the development of functional nanomaterials for highly efficient HIFU‐based synergistic therapy, which will give a promising noninvasive therapeutic modality for the successful cancer therapy with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues, due to the noninvasive and site‐specific therapeutic features of HIFU.
Influence Of Varied Injection Timing On Exhaust Emissions With Crude Jatroph Oil On Di Diesel Engine With High Grade Insulated Combustion

Depletion of fossil fuels and increase of pollution levels with fossil fuels, search for alternative fuels has become Inevitable. Increased the importance of vegetable oils as their properties are comparable to diesel fuel.Experiments were conducted to study performance of diesel engine with crude jatropha oil with 3mm air gap insulated piston, 3mm air gap insulated liner and ceramic coated cylinder head. Air gap of 3mm were maintained by screwing the crown to the piston body. Crown was made of superni-90 whose thermal conductivity is poor. Air gap of 3mm was maintained by inserting the suprni-90 insert into the liner.Exhaust emissions [particulate emissions and nitrogen oxide levels] were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of the high grade Low Heat Rejection Combustion chamber(LHR? 3) with crude jatropha oil at varied injection timing and compared with neat diesel operation at a injector pressure of 190 bar.
Clustering Using Simulated Annealing with Probabilistic Redistribution

An efficient partitional clustering technique, called SAKM-clustering, that integrates the power of simulated annealing for obtaining minimum energy configuration, and the searching capability of K-means algorithm is proposed in this article. The clustering methodology is used to search for appropriate clusters in multidimensional feature space such that a similarity metric of the resulting clusters is optimized. Data points are redistributed among the clusters probabilistically, so that points that are farther away from the cluster center have higher probabilities of migrating to other clusters than those which are closer to it. The superiority of the SAKM-clustering algorithm over the widely used K-means algorithm is extensively demonstrated for artificial and real life data sets.
Scheduling multithreaded computations by work stealing

This paper studies the problem of efficiently scheduling fully strict (i.e., well-structured) multithreaded computations on parallel computers. A popular and practical method of scheduling this kind of dynamic MIMD-style computation is "work stealing," in which processors needing work steal computational threads from other processors. In this paper, we give the first provably good work-stealing scheduler for multithreaded computations with dependencies. Specifically, our analysis shows that the expected time T/sub P/ to execute a fully strict computation on P processors using our work-stealing scheduler is T/sub P/=O(T/sub 1//P+T/sub /spl infin//), where T/sub 1/ is the minimum serial execution time of the multithreaded computation and T/sub /spl infin// is the minimum execution time with an infinite number of processors. Moreover, the space S/sub P/ required by the execution satisfies S/sub P//spl les/S/sub 1/P. We also show that the expected total communication of the algorithm is at most O(T/sub /spl infin//S/sub max/P), where S/sub max/ is the size of the largest activation record of any thread, thereby justifying the folk wisdom that work-stealing schedulers are more communication efficient than their work-sharing counterparts. All three of these bounds are existentially optimal to within a constant factor. <<ETX>>
Automated Brain Structure Segmentation Based on Atlas Registration and Appearance Models

Accurate automated brain structure segmentation methods facilitate the analysis of large-scale neuroimaging studies. This work describes a novel method for brain structure segmentation in magnetic resonance images that combines information about a structure's location and appearance. The spatial model is implemented by registering multiple atlas images to the target image and creating a spatial probability map. The structure's appearance is modeled by a classifier based on Gaussian scale-space features. These components are combined with a regularization term in a Bayesian framework that is globally optimized using graph cuts. The incorporation of the appearance model enables the method to segment structures with complex intensity distributions and increases its robustness against errors in the spatial model. The method is tested in cross-validation experiments on two datasets acquired with different magnetic resonance sequences, in which the hippocampus and cerebellum were segmented by an expert. Furthermore, the method is compared to two other segmentation techniques that were applied to the same data. Results show that the atlas- and appearance-based method produces accurate results with mean Dice similarity indices of 0.95 for the cerebellum, and 0.87 for the hippocampus. This was comparable to or better than the other methods, whereas the proposed technique is more widely applicable and robust.
SEGMENTATION BY FUZZY C MEANS CLUSTERING : SURVEY

This paper presents a latest survey of different technologies using fuzzy clustering algorithms. Clustering approach is widely used in biomedical field like image segmentation. A different methods are used for medical image segmentation like Improved Fuzzy C Means(IFCM), Possibilistic C Means(PCM),Fuzzy Possibilistic C Means(FPCM), Modified Fuzzy Possibilistic C Means(MFPCM) and Possibilistic Fuzzy C Means(PFCM). In this paper, we give a survey methods based on fuzzy clustering and segmentation techniques.
Novel Thylakoid Membrane GreenCut Protein CPLD38 Impacts Accumulation of the Cytochrome b6f Complex and Associated Regulatory Processes*

Background: The GreenCut is a group of ∼600 green-lineage-specific proteins hypothetically involved in photosynthesis. Results: A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant disrupted for GreenCut gene CPLD38 has a marked reduction in cytochrome b6f and an increase in chlororespiration. Conclusion: CPLD38 is essential for accumulating cytochrome b6f and balancing chlororespiration and photosynthesis. Significance: This analysis demonstrates the importance of a GreenCut protein in photosynthesis. Based on previous comparative genomic analyses, a set of nearly 600 polypeptides was identified that is present in green algae and flowering and nonflowering plants but is not present (or is highly diverged) in nonphotosynthetic organisms. The gene encoding one of these “GreenCut” proteins, CPLD38, is in the same operon as ndhL in most cyanobacteria; the NdhL protein is part of a complex essential for cyanobacterial respiration. A cpld38 mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii does not grow on minimal medium, is high light-sensitive under photoheterotrophic conditions, has lower accumulation of photosynthetic complexes, reduced photosynthetic electron flow to P700+, and reduced photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII); these phenotypes are rescued by a wild-type copy of CPLD38. Single turnover flash experiments and biochemical analyses demonstrated that cytochrome b6f function was severely compromised, and the levels of transcripts and polypeptide subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex were also significantly lower in the cpld38 mutant. Furthermore, subunits of the cytochrome b6f complex in mutant cells turned over much more rapidly than in wild-type cells. Interestingly, PTOX2 and NDA2, two major proteins involved in chlororespiration, were more than 5-fold higher in mutants relative to wild-type cells, suggesting a shift in the cpld38 mutant from photosynthesis toward chlororespiratory metabolism, which is supported by experiments that quantify the reduction state of the plastoquinone pool. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that CPLD38 impacts the stability of the cytochrome b6f complex and possibly plays a role in balancing redox inputs to the quinone pool from photosynthesis and chlororespiration.
Long-term effects of analysis of the patient-therapist relationship in the context of patients' personality pathology and therapists' parental feelings.

OBJECTIVE Analysis of the patient-therapist relationship (relationship work) is considered a core active ingredient in dynamic psychotherapy. However, there are contradictory findings as for whom and under what circumstances these interventions are beneficial. This study investigates long-term effects of relationship work in the context of patients' level of personality pathology and therapists' self-reported parental feelings. METHOD One hundred outpatients seeking psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, and personality disorders were randomly assigned to weekly dynamic psychotherapy, either with or without relationship work, for 1 year. Personality pathology was evaluated before treatment as the sum of fulfilled personality disorder criteria items on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. Therapist feelings were assessed using the Feeling Word Checklist-58. The outcome variables were the Psychodynamic Functioning Scales and Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, measured at pretreatment, midtreatment, posttreatment, 1 year, and 3 years after treatment termination. RESULTS A significant interaction of treatment group (relationship work vs. no relationship work) by personality pathology by parental therapist feelings was present, indicating that parental feelings were differentially associated with long-term effects of relationship work, depending on the level of personality pathology. In the context of low parental feelings, relationship work was positive for all patients. However, when parental feelings were stronger, the specific effects of such interventions were even more positive for patients with high levels of personality pathology, but negative for patients with low levels of personality pathology. CONCLUSION The interaction of parental therapist feelings and patients' personality pathology was strongly associated with the long-term specific effects of analysis of the patient-therapist relationship.
Model-mediated Telemanipulation Model-mediated Telemanipulation

This paper presents a user-centered, model-mediated approach to bilateral telemanipulation under large communication delays. Assuming that the environment is only slowly or infrequently changing, it mitigates user perception difficulties and allows stable motion and force interactions with the remote environment. Rather than directly sending slave sensory data to the user, the method abstracts the data to form a very simple model of the environment. The model is transmitted to the master, where it is haptically rendered for user feedback without any lag. In return, the slave only executes force or motion commands consistent with the model. This effectively mediates the master–slave interaction. Particular attention is placed on the system behavior as it adjusts to unexpected environment interactions and as the model updates. The basic principles of the approach are demonstrated on a simple one degree-of-freedom telerobotic system operating with four seconds of round-trip delay. KEY WORDS—teleoperation, telerobotics, telemanipulation, haptics, model mediation, time delay, force feedback, augmented reality
Gossip-based ad hoc routing

Many ad hoc routing protocols are based on some variant of flooding. Despite various optimizations, many routing messages are propagated unnecessarily. We propose a gossiping-based approach, where each node forwards a message with some probability, to reduce the overhead of the routing protocols. Gossiping exhibits bimodal behavior in sufficiently large networks: in some executions, the gossip dies out quickly and hardly any node gets the message; in the remaining executions, a substantial fraction of the nodes gets the message. The fraction of executions in which most nodes get the message depends on the gossiping probability and the topology of the network. In the networks we have considered, using gossiping probability between 0.6 and 0.8 suffices to ensure that almost every node gets the message in almost every execution. For large networks, this simple gossiping protocol uses up to 35% fewer messages than flooding, with improved performance. Gossiping can also be combined with various optimizations of flooding to yield further benefits. Simulations show that adding gossiping to AODV results in significant performance improvement, even in networks as small as 150 nodes. We expect that the improvement should be even more significant in larger networks.
Study and Analysis of Process Parameters for Silicone Rubber Mold

Time and expense are two main key issues that are needed to develop a new product. Silicone rubber mold is one of the most commonly used techniques in the rapid tooling technology. As product life cycles are getting shorter, it is important to shorten product development time and costs, and rapid introduction of new products. Thus, enhancing the efficiency of making silicone rubber molds become an important research direction. The silicone rubber mold process parameters were investigated experimentally in this study. The results showed that the weight ratio of base compound and hardener 10:1 is the optimum ratio because the curing time of silicone rubber mold can be shortened significantly. In addition, 40 – 50 °C is the optimum range of curing temperature because of the shorter curing time of silicone rubber mold and 5 % shrinkage of the inner dimensions of the silicone rubber mold. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.ms.24.4. 14852
Improving test suites for efficient fault localization

The need for testing-for-diagnosis strategies has been identified for a long time, but the explicit link from testing to diagnosis (fault localization) is rare. Analyzing the type of information needed for efficient fault localization, we identify the attribute (called Dynamic Basic Block) that restricts the accuracy of a diagnosis algorithm. Based on this attribute, a test-for-diagnosis criterion is proposed and validated through rigorous case studies: it shows that a test suite can be improved to reach a high level of diagnosis accuracy. So, the dilemma between a reduced testing effort (with as few test cases as possible) and the diagnosis accuracy (that needs as much test cases as possible to get more information) is partly solved by selecting test cases that are dedicated to diagnosis.
Applications of Microcapsules in Self-Healing Polymeric Materials

Self-healing polymeric materials have a great potential to be explored and uti-lized in many applications such as engineering and surface coating. Various smart materials with self-healing ability and unique self-healing mechanisms have been reported in recent publications. Currently, the most widely employed technique is by embedding microcapsules that contain a healing agent into the bulk polymer matrix. When cracks develop in the polymer matrix, the curing agent is released from the microcapsules to cross-link and repair the cracks. Microencapsulation of the healing agent in the core can be achieved by in situ polymerizing of shell material. This chapter presents a general review on self-healing materials, and par-ticularly, self-healing of epoxy matrices that includes epoxy composite and epoxy coating by microencapsulation technique. Microencapsulation processes, including types of resin used, processing parameters such as core/shell ratio, concentration of emulsifiers, viscosities of aqueous and organic phases and stirring rate are discussed.
Phospholemman Ser69 phosphorylation contributes to sildenafil-induced cardioprotection against reperfusion injury

The phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor sildenafil has powerful cardioprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury. PKG-mediated signaling has been implicated in this protection, although the mechanism and the downstream targets of this kinase remain to be fully elucidated. In this study we assessed the role of phospholemman (PLM) phosphorylation, which activates the Na+/K+-ATPase, in cardioprotection afforded by sildenafil administered during reperfusion. Isolated perfused mouse hearts were optimally protected against infarction (indexed by tetrazolium staining) by 0.1 μM sildenafil treatment during the first 10 min of reperfusion. Extended sildenafil treatment (30, 60, or 120 min at reperfusion) did not alter the degree of protection provided. This protection was PKG dependent, since it was blocked by KT-5823. Western blot analysis using phosphospecific antibodies to PLM showed that sildenafil at reperfusion did not modulate PLM Ser63 or Ser68 phosphorylation but significantly increased Ser69 phosphorylation. The treatment of isolated rat ventricular myocytes with sildenafil or 8-bromo-cGMP (PKG agonist) enhanced PLM Ser69 phosphorylation, which was bisindolylmaleimide (PKC inhibitor) sensitive. Patch-clamp studies showed that sildenafil treatment also activated the Na+/K+-ATPase, which is anticipated in light of PLM Ser69 phosphorylation. Na+/K+-ATPase activation during reperfusion would attenuate Na+ overload at this time, providing a molecular explanation of how sildenafil guards against injury at this time. Indeed, using flame photometry and rubidium uptake into isolated mouse hearts, we found that sildenafil enhanced Na+/K+-ATPase activity during reperfusion. In this study we provide a molecular explanation of how sildenafil guards against myocardial injury during postischemic reperfusion.
Mouse alarm pheromone shares structural similarity with predator scents

Sensing the chemical warnings present in the environment is essential for species survival. In mammals, this form of danger communication occurs via the release of natural predator scents that can involuntarily warn the prey or by the production of alarm pheromones by the stressed prey alerting its conspecifics. Although we previously identified the olfactory Grueneberg ganglion as the sensory organ through which mammalian alarm pheromones signal a threatening situation, the chemical nature of these cues remains elusive. We here identify, through chemical analysis in combination with a series of physiological and behavioral tests, the chemical structure of a mouse alarm pheromone. To successfully recognize the volatile cues that signal danger, we based our selection on their activation of the mouse olfactory Grueneberg ganglion and the concomitant display of innate fear reactions. Interestingly, we found that the chemical structure of the identified mouse alarm pheromone has similar features as the sulfur-containing volatiles that are released by predating carnivores. Our findings thus not only reveal a chemical Leitmotiv that underlies signaling of fear, but also point to a double role for the olfactory Grueneberg ganglion in intraspecies as well as interspecies communication of danger.