Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping active promoters by ChIP‐seq profiling of H3K4me3 in cichlid fish – a first step to uncover cis‐regulatory elements in ecological model teleosts

Evolutionary alterations to cis‐regulatory sequences are likely to cause adaptive phenotypic complexity, through orchestrating changes in cellular proliferation, identity and communication. For nonmodel organisms with adaptive key innovations, patterns of regulatory evolution have been predominantly limited to targeted sequence‐based analyses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) is a technology that has been primarily used in genetic model systems and is a powerful experimental tool to screen for active cis‐regulatory elements. Here, we show that it can also be used in ecological model systems and permits genomewide functional exploration of cis‐regulatory elements. As a proof of concept, we use ChIP‐seq technology in adult fin tissue of the cichlid fish Oreochromis niloticus to map active promoter elements, as indicated by occupancy of trimethylated Histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The fact that cichlids are one of the most phenotypically diverse and species‐rich families of vertebrates could make them a perfect model system for the further in‐depth analysis of the evolution of transcriptional regulation.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Current Smoking Among Medical Students in Coastal South India

Background Smoking among health care personnel such as medical students is an important public health issue. More effective measures to reduce tobacco smoking among medical students are needed worldwide. Very few studies had been conducted in past in India and other developing countries to understand the magnitude of problem. Objectives To determine the prevalence and associated factors of current smoking among medical students. Methods Cross sectional study was conducted during January and February 2009 among 333 study subjects selected randomly from four batches of a teaching institution. Subjects were administered a self administered pre tested questionnaire and smoking status was assessed as per the criteria laid down by WHO. Proportion, chi square test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results The prevalence of current smoking was found to be 22.4% (67). There were widespread deficiencies in knowledge of smoking among students of different classes, as an important causal factor in many diseases like gastro intestinal malignancy, heart problems, asthma, and emphysema. It was found that only half of them were willing to quit smoking (33). Fourth year students (OR=2.54) and presence of peer pressure (OR=21.91) had independent significant association with current smoking. Conclusion Prevalence of smoking among medical students is high that warrants adoption of comprehensive smoking control interventions among them. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4. 6335 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):233-7
Scaling Distributed File Systems in Resource-Harvesting Datacenters

Datacenters can use distributed file systems to store data for batch processing on the same servers that run latency-critical services. Taking advantage of this storage capacity involves minimizing interference with the co-located services, while implementing user-friendly, efficient, and scalable file system access. Unfortunately, current systems fail one or more of these requirements, and must be manually partitioned across independent subclusters. Thus, in this paper, we introduce techniques for automatically and transparently scaling such file systems to entire resource-harvesting datacenters. We create a layer of software in front of the existing metadata managers, assign servers to subclusters to minimize interference and data movement, and smartly migrate data across subclusters in the background. We implement our techniques in HDFS, and evaluate them using simulation of 10 production datacenters and a real 4k-server deployment. Our results show that our techniques produce high file access performance, and high data durability and availability, while migrating a limited amount of data. We recently deployed our system onto 30k servers in Bing's datacenters, and discuss lessons from this deployment.
Study of thermo-gravimetric analysis of different lignocellulosic biomass using principal component analysis.

The thermal behavior of lignocellulosic biomasses using thermogravimetric and derivative thermogravimetric are important because they related to the presence of chemical constituents such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. And the use of a multivariate exploratory analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) is useful in order to group thermograms with similar profiles. Thus biomass such as grass, coffee, banana stalk and açai with similar behaviors exhibited thermal degradation attributed to the decomposition of the hemicellulose, whereas for the cellulose decomposition samples of rice, sawdust and soybeans. It is observed that all the ten biomass samples exhibit similar weight loss trend associated with the decomposition of lignin.
Reliability of Maximal Lactate-Steady-State

Abstract The aim of this study was the analysis of reliability and day-to-day-variability of power (PMLSS), blood lactate concentration (BLCMLSS) and heart rate (HRMLSS) in maximal lactate- steady-state during cycle ergometry. 32 male subjects (25±3 years, 180±7 cm, 76±8 kg) have undergone several constant-load-tests lasting 30 min to determine 4 PMLSS. During the test, blood-samples were taken from the earlobe after 4, 8,10, 14, 18, 22, 26 und 30 min for detecting the BLCMLSS. PMLSS was defined as the highest workload that can be maintained without accumulation of BLC by more than 0.05 mmol/l/min during the last 20 min. Mean PMLSS was 244±45 W, according to 75% of VO2max. Mean of BLCMLSS was 5.3±1.5 mmol/l/min, mean of HRMLSS was 166±10 1/min. The coefficient of variability (CV) was calculated for PMLSS, BLCMLSS and HRMLSS with 3%, 16.6% and 6.3%, respectively. The Intra-Class-Coefficient for PMLSS, BLCMLSS and for HRMLSS was determined with 0.98 (p≤0.001), 0.71 (p≤0.001), 0.92 (p≤0.001) respectively. PMLSS and HRMLSS are characterized by a low day-to-day variability that is comparable with results of different lactate threshold concepts. In comparison to PMLSS, BLCMLSS shows a greater day-to-day-variability.
Synchronous reluctance machine with improved design of rotor mechanical strength connections

The rotor construction with improved design for synchronous reluctance machine is proposed. Typical synchronous reluctance machine rotor construction is with ribs as main flux carriers. These ribs are connected by small steel bridges to provide mechanically robust construction. These connections are essential for mechanical robustness at the same time saliency is reduced because a path for quadrature axis flux is produced.
The Influence of Thermal Effects and Dielectric Films on the Electronic Quality of p +-Doped Silicon Processed by Nanosecond Laser

Laser doping of silicon is a complex process involving thermal effects and interactions between different materials far from equilibrium and over a short period. In this paper, diffused samples capped with different dielectric films (including bare surfaces) are processed using laser pulses of 20-400 ns duration and characterized by photoluminescence (PL) imaging to study the degradation of the electronic properties of the processed regions. This way, without the interference of a dopant precursor, the thermal and dielectric effects are separately investigated. It is found that the thermal effects (melting and recrystallization of the silicon) do not lead to significant damage and additional recombination, provided no severe silicon evaporation occurs. However, when a dielectric film is present, a considerable increase in recombination is observed, irrespective of laser parameters, indicating the formation of additional defects. The magnitude of the increase in recombination varies substantially, depending on the dielectric used. Repeated pulses appear to repair silicon damage introduced by the first pulse or pulses for long pulse durations but result in a slight degradation for short pulse durations. Combining the PL results and four-point probe measurement of laser-doped samples, it is demonstrated that both high dopant incorporation (sufficient silicon melting) and low recombination can, in principle, be achieved, particularly when samples are processed using long pulse durations and small pulse distances.
[Inadequate care by family caregiver of frail elderly living at home].

In order to elucidate the present situation and background of inadequate care of frail elderly living at home by family caregivers, a questionnaire survey was performed on family caregivers. A total of 408 family caregivers were analyzed. The major results of this survey were as follows; 1. Thirty two percent of caregivers were associated with inadequate care. The percentage of main details of inadequate care were "ignoring" was 19%, "the infliction of mental anguish (e.g. insulting or verbal aggression)" was 14% and "physical injury (e.g. slap, pinch or kick)" was 8%. 2. As a result of the analysis of answers to open-ended questions by caregivers, the reason for inadequate care were classified roughly into three groups as follows; 1. stress and feelings of the caregiver 2. behavior or characteristics of the elderly 3. human relationship between the caregiver and the elderly or the caregiver and the relatives. 3. Frequency of caregiver's emotion of animosity to elderly were "often" was 3.9%, "sometimes" was 18.1%, "occasionally" was 39.2%, "rarely" was 22.5%, "none" was 11.5%. The main reason for animosity were "elderly happened to be angry or complained", "not able to understand caregivers talk", "irritated due to being busy" or "there is no feeling of appreciation in the elderly". 4. The relation of inadequate care and emotion of animosity was large (chi 2 test, P < 0.0001) and correlation of degree of animosity and experience of inadequate care was linear.
Dissipation of disturbances seen in the knee joint kinematics of children with cerebral palsy.

PURPOSE Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often use a crouch gait pattern that has disturbances in the knee joint kinematics. Although the length and rate of lengthening of the hamstring musculature have been speculated to be the reason that these disturbances are not adequately dissipated, this relationship has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this exploratory investigation was to use simulations of a musculoskeletal model and Floquet analysis to evaluate how the performance of hamstrings musculature during gait may be related to the knee joint instabilities seen in children with CP. METHODS Children with CP and typically developing (TD) children walked on a treadmill as a motion capture system assessed the knee joint kinematics. Floquet analysis was used to quantify the rate that disturbances present at the knee joint were dissipated, and simulations of a musculoskeletal model were used to estimate the in vivo length and velocity of the hamstrings. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to determine if there was a relationship between the rate that the disturbances were dissipated and the performance of the hamstring musculature. RESULTS The children with CP had hamstrings that lengthened more slowly than TD children, and required more strides to dissipate disturbances in the knee joint kinematics. There was negative correlation between the rate that the hamstrings lengthened and the rate that the knee joint disturbances were dissipated. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the ability of children with CP to dissipate the knee joint disturbances may be related to the inability to properly control the hamstring musculature.
CLUSTER and INNOVATION as REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Innovation in clusters has a key role for competitive advantage of enterprises. In terms of regional economic development, cluster structure and innovation have widely been examined in literature. Enterprises in cluster, especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are likely to have more benefits than larger firms. It is found that clusters’ effects on SMEs are, increased profits and exports, faster economic growth, stronger competitive advantages, more innovations, faster diffusion of knowledge, faster technological growth and increased productivity growth. This paper presents a literature review with concepts and arguments on cluster and innovation as regional development. The study focuses on cluster practices in developed and developing countries. As a conclusion, the research proposes government cluster policy options which support the emergence of clusters. It is thought that this comparative literature review serves as the basis for academicians, practitioners and policy makers.
Semi-Supervised Source Localization on Multiple Manifolds With Distributed Microphones

The problem of single-source localization with ad hoc microphone networks in noisy and reverberant enclosures is addressed in this paper. A training set is formed by prerecorded measurements collected in advance and consists of a limited number of labelled measurements, attached with corresponding positions, and a larger number of unlabelled measurements from unknown locations. Further information about the enclosure characteristics or the microphone positions is not required. We propose a Bayesian inference approach for estimating a function that maps measurement-based features to the corresponding positions. The signals measured by the microphones represent different viewpoints, which are combined in a unified statistical framework. For this purpose, the mapping function is modelled by a Gaussian process with a covariance function that encapsulates both the connections between pairs of microphones and the relations among the samples in the training set. The parameters of the process are estimated by optimizing a maximum likelihood criterion. In addition, a recursive adaptation mechanism is derived, where the new streaming measurements are used to update the model. Performance is demonstrated for both simulated data and real-life recordings in a variety of reverberation and noise levels.
The Victoria-Regina Stellar Models: Evolutionary Tracks and Isochrones for a Wide Range in Mass and Metallicity that Allow for Empirically Constrained Amounts of Convective Core Overshooting

Seventy-two grids of stellar evolutionary tracks, along with the means to generate isochrones and luminosity/color functions from them, are presented in this investigation. Sixty of them extend (and encompass) the sets of models reported by VandenBerg et al. for 17 [Fe/H] values from -2.31 to -0.30 and α-element abundances corresponding to [α/Fe] = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.6 (at each iron abundance) to the solar metallicity and to sufficiently high masses (up to ~2.2 M☉) that isochrones may be computed for ages as low as 1 Gyr. The remaining grids contain tracks for masses from 0.4 to 4.0 M☉ and 12 [Fe/H] values between -0.60 and +0.49 (assuming solar metal-to-hydrogen number abundance ratios): in this case, isochrones may be calculated down to ~0.2 Gyr. The extent of convective core overshooting has been modeled using a parameterized version of the Roxburgh criterion, in which the value of the free parameter at a given mass and its dependence on mass have been determined from analyses of binary star data and the observed color-magnitude diagrams for several open clusters. Because the calculations reported herein satisfy many empirical constraints, they should provide useful probes into the properties of both simple and complex stellar populations.
Deploying Database Appliances in the Cloud

Cloud computing is an increasingly popular paradigm for accessing computing resources. A popular class of computing clouds is Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds, exemplified by Amazon’s Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2). In these clouds, users are given access to virtual machines on which they can install and run arbitrary software, including database systems. Users can also deploy database appliances on these clouds, which are virtual machines with pre-installed pre-configured database systems. Deploying database appliances on IaaS clouds and performance tuning and optimization in this environment introduce some interesting research challenges. In this paper, we present some of these challenges, and we outline the tools and techniques required to address them. We present an end-to-end solution to one tuning problem in this environment, namely partitioning the CPU capacity of a physical machine among multiple database appliances running on this machine. We also outline possible future research directions in this area.
Insertion and Topology of Normal and Mutant Bestrophin-1 in the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane*

The vitelliform macular dystrophy type 2 (VMD2) gene mutated in Best macular dystrophy encodes a 585-amino acid putative transmembrane protein termed bestrophin-1. The vast majority of known disease-associated alterations are of the missense type, which cluster near predicted transmembrane domains (TMDs). To investigate bestrophin-1 membrane topology and to assess consequences of point mutations on membrane integration, we have analyzed the insertion of putative TMDs into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Out of six potential TMDs, our data suggest a topological model of bestrophin-1 with four transmembrane-spanning segments and one large cytoplasmatic loop between putative TMD2 and TMD5. Consequently, a relatively hydrophobic segment containing putative TMD3 (aa 130-149) and TMD4 (aa 179-201) is located within the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we show that three out of 18 disease-associated alterations investigated (I73N, Y85H, F281del) reveal measurable effects on membrane insertion suggesting that defective membrane integration of bestrophin-1 may represent a potential disease mechanism for a small subset of Best macular dystrophy-related mutations.
Direct Spherical Parameterization Based on Surface Curvature

In this paper we propose a novel spherical parameterization for closed, genus-0, two-manifold, 3Dtriangular meshes. The key point of our method concerns the Gaussian curvature criterion involved, which makes it possible to detect iteratively salient mesh vertices and to locally flatten them, until a sphere-like surface, adapted to a direct spherical parameterization is obtained. The experimental evaluation, carried out on a set of 3D models of various shapes and complexities, shows that the proposed method makes it possible to reduce both angle and area distortions with more than 78% and 40% respectively.
Aspirin and omeprazole for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients at risk for aspirin-associated gastric ulcers

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and low-dose aspirin is considered the cornerstone of the cardiovascular disease prevention. However, low-dose aspirin use is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects in the whole gastrointestinal tract. In this setting, co-therapy with a proton pump inhibitor is the most accepted strategy to reduce aspirin related upper gastrointestinal damage. In addition, some adverse effects have been described with proton pump inhibitors long term use. Areas covered: Low-dose aspirin related beneficial and adverse effects in cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract are reviewed. In addition, this manuscript summarizes current data on upper gastrointestinal damage prevention and adverse events with proton pump inhibition. Finally, we discuss the benefit/risk ratio of proton pump inhibitor use in patients at risk of gastrointestinal damage taking low-dose aspirin. Expert commentary: Nowadays, with the current available evidence, the combination of low-dose aspirin with proton pump inhibitor is the most effective therapy for cardiovascular prevention in patients at high gastrointestinal risk. However, further studies are needed to discover new effective strategies with less related adverse events.
Inexactness and a future of computing

As pressures, notably from energy consumption, start impeding the growth and scale of computing systems, inevitably, designers and users are increasingly considering the prospect of trading accuracy or exactness. This paper is a perspective on the progress in embracing this somewhat unusual philosophy of innovating computing systems that are designed to be inexact or approximate, in the interests of realizing extreme efficiencies. With our own experience in designing inexact physical systems including hardware as a backdrop, we speculate on the rich potential for considering inexactness as a broad emerging theme if not an entire domain for investigation for exciting research and innovation. If this emerging trend to pursuing inexactness persists and grows, then we anticipate an increasing need to consider system co-design where application domain characteristics and technology features interplay in an active manner. A noteworthy early example of this approach is our own excursion into tailoring and hence co-designing floating point arithmetic units guided by the needs of stochastic climate models. This approach requires a unified effort between software and hardware designers that does away with the normal clean abstraction layers between the two.
A Modified Algorithm to Handle Dangling Pages using Hypothetical Node

The information on the web is intensifying day by day due to which there is a bulky amount of information available on the web. With this large amount of information available on the web, the process of searching has become a complex task. To overcome this problem there is a necessity of some efficient search engine. With such a search engine information retrieval becomes simple. A PageRank algorithm is used to serve this process. A PageRank algorithm places the most important pages at high ranks depending upon the number of in-links linking to that page. Google search engine developed the Page Rank technique to rank pages and had become the most effective search engine. Page Rank arranges the order of the user’s search result based on the relevance of the search of the information In this paper problem of the Dangling pages that is associated with page rank algorithm is been discussed. Dangling pages produce the inaccurate page rank of nondangling pages. These pages also produce the philosophical issues and computational issue. In previous study for solving the philosophical issue with dangling node a hypothetical node is added to the web graph. But this hypothetical node increases the computation issue because the number of iteration to converge the algorithm is increased. In this paper a’ modified algorithm to handle the dangling node with hypothetical node without increasing computational issue which is raise due to addition of hypothetical node is discussed.
Architectural Requirements for the Effective Support of Adaptive Mobile Applications

Mobile applications are required to operate in environments that change. Specifically, the availability of resources and services may change significantly during typical system operation. As a consequence, mobile applications need to be capable of adapting to these changes to ensure they offer the best possible level of service to the user. Our experiences of developing adaptive applications have led us to believe that existing middleware fails to provide the necessary support for such applications. Moreover, we believe that current research in this area is also failing to address the core requirements of adaptive mobile systems. In this paper we present a set of requirements for future mobile middleware which have been derived by considering the shortcomings of existing approaches and the needs of application developers. Key among these requirements is the need to support coordinated action between application and system components and the resolution of conflicts caused by the need to adapt to multiple contextual triggers. The paper concludes with the presentation of an architectural framework within which middleware researchers can deploy solutions to the problems identified.