Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuroenergetics Original Research Article

coherent spontaneous BOLD fluctuations from the cortex contral-ateral to that activated by the task, reduced inter-trial variability and therefore suggested a superposition of evoked and ongoing hemodynamics. Another approach for examining the role of spontaneous pre-stimulus fluctuations in the trial-to-trial variability of stimulus-evoked neurophysiological data, is to group trials based on some property of their pre-stimulus time series, average trials in each group and examine whether the mean groups responses differ (Sauseng et al., 2007). To investigate whether this approach could confirm and extend the findings of Fox et al. (2006b) we first recorded whisker pad stimulus-evoked cortical hemody-namics in the rodent barrel cortex of anesthetized rodents with 2-dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy (2D-OIS, Devor et al., 2003; Berwick et al., 2005, 2008). This allowed measurement of the individual components of the hemodynamic response (oxy-hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin) at a higher temporal resolution than that afforded by fMRI. Data was examined on a trial by trial basis and grouped based on pre-stimulus hemodynamics. As hemodynamic fluctuations are oscillatory in nature (Mayhew et al., 1996), an identical magnitude of hemody-namics occurs at two distinct phases (e.g., 0° and 180°). Therefore if trials were grouped based on the magnitude of hemodynamic activity at stimulus onset, information regarding whether the fluctuation was " rising " or " falling " at this time point would be lost. Therefore the metric of pre-stimulus hemodynamic activity chosen to " classify " individual trials, was not the magnitude of pre-stimulus hemodynamic activities but their phase angle at stimulus
A better uncle for OWL: nominal schemas for integrating rules and ontologies

We propose a description-logic style extension of OWL 2 with nominal schemas which can be used like "variable nominal classes" within axioms. This feature allows ontology languages to express arbitrary DL-safe rules (as expressible in SWRL or RIF) in their native syntax. We show that adding nominal schemas to OWL 2 does not increase the worst-case reasoning complexity, and we identify a novel tractable language SROELV3(∩, x) that is versatile enough to capture the lightweight languages OWL EL and OWL RL.
Differential gender effects of project management and management by project on skilled professionals

A la faveur d’une recherche effectuee dans sept organisations de la region montrealaise et qui avait pour but d’enqueter sur l’etat des politiques et des pratiques de conciliation entre la vie privee et la vie professionnelle (CVP) dans la nouvelle economie, on peut mettre a l’epreuve certains elements de la these de la mise en place d’un nouveau modele d’organisation liberale ou post-bureaucratique. Le present article devoile quelques elements de la culture et de la structure propre a la gestion par projets qu’empruntent les organisations etudiees, traite de leur effet combine sur l’amenagement des heures et des lieux de travail et sur les conditions de CVP, en mettant en evidence les consequences particulieres concernant les femmes de cette forme d’organisation du travail.
The nsp1, nsp13, and M Proteins Contribute to the Hepatotropism of Murine Coronavirus JHM.WU

ABSTRACT Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) isolates JHM.WU and JHM.SD promote severe central nervous system disease. However, while JHM.WU replicates robustly and induces hepatitis, JHM.SD fails to replicate or induce pathology in the liver. These two JHM variants encode homologous proteins with few polymorphisms, and little is known about which viral proteins(s) is responsible for the liver tropism of JHM.WU. We constructed reverse genetic systems for JHM.SD and JHM.WU and, utilizing these full-length cDNA clones, constructed chimeric viruses and mapped the virulence factors involved in liver tropism. Exchanging the spike proteins of the two viruses neither increased replication of JHM.SD in the liver nor attenuated JHM.WU. By further mapping, we found that polymorphisms in JHM.WU structural protein M and nonstructural replicase proteins nsp1 and nsp13 are essential for liver pathogenesis. M protein and nsp13, the helicase, of JHM.WU are required for efficient replication in vitro and in the liver in vivo. The JHM.SD nsp1 protein contains a K194R substitution of Lys194, a residue conserved among all other MHV strains. The K194R polymorphism has no effect on in vitro replication but influences hepatotropism, and introduction of R194K into JHM.SD promotes replication in the liver. Conversely, a K194R substitution in nsp1 of JHM.WU or A59, another hepatotropic strain, significantly attenuates replication of each strain in the liver and increases IFN-β expression in macrophages in culture. Our data indicate that both structural and nonstructural proteins contribute to MHV liver pathogenesis and support previous reports that nsp1 is a Betacoronavirus virulence factor. IMPORTANCE The Betacoronavirus genus includes human pathogens, some of which cause severe respiratory disease. The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) into human populations demonstrates the zoonotic potential of emerging coronaviruses, and there are currently no vaccines or effective antivirals for human coronaviruses. Thus, it is important to understand the virus-host interaction that regulates coronavirus pathogenesis. Murine coronavirus infection of mice provides a useful model for the study of coronavirus-host interactions, including the determinants of tropism and virulence. We found that very small changes in coronavirus proteins can profoundly affect tropism and virulence. Furthermore, the hepatotropism of MHV-JHM depends not on the spike protein and viral entry but rather on a combination of the structural protein M and nonstructural replicase-associated proteins nsp1 and nsp13, which are conserved among betacoronaviruses. Understanding virulence determinants will aid in the design of vaccines and antiviral strategies.
Functional Impairment of Microglia Coincides with Beta-Amyloid Deposition in Mice with Alzheimer-Like Pathology

Microglial cells closely interact with senile plaques in Alzheimer’s disease and acquire the morphological appearance of an activated phenotype. The significance of this microglial phenotype and the impact of microglia for disease progression have remained controversial. To uncover and characterize putative changes in the functionality of microglia during Alzheimer’s disease, we directly assessed microglial behavior in two mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. Using in vivo two-photon microscopy and acute brain slice preparations, we found that important microglial functions - directed process motility and phagocytic activity - were strongly impaired in mice with Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology compared to age-matched non-transgenic animals. Notably, impairment of microglial function temporally and spatially correlated with Aβ plaque deposition, and phagocytic capacity of microglia could be restored by interventionally decreasing amyloid burden by Aβ vaccination. These data suggest that major microglial functions progressively decline in Alzheimer’s disease with the appearance of Aβ plaques, and that this functional impairment is reversible by lowering Aβ burden, e.g. by means of Aβ vaccination.
Grandfriends, an Intergenerational Program for Nursing-Home Residents and Preschoolers: A Randomized Trial

Intergenerational programs may improve meaningful engagement for people with dementia and for attitudes toward older people in youth. Grandfriends, a 12-week program increased passive engagement and enjoyment among nursing home residents when interacting with preschoolers (n = 21) in comparison to usual activities. Grandfriends participants (n = 20) did not show changes on quality of life, agitation, or sense of community in comparison to residents (n = 20) randomized to usual care. Suggestions for future programs are given.
Social Values Reflections Through the Use of EFL Storytelling: An Action Research with Primary Students

This article reports on the results of an action research project carried out with a group of third graders at a public school in Bogota. The project aimed to gain insights into the use of English as foreign language storytelling and to analyze the way in which students reflect upon their own social values. The findings suggest that the use of storytelling contributes to students’ awareness about their behaviors by helping them to be critical of their role as students and citizens in school and the family community. It was also found that students’ families play an integral role when students build their own basis for individual and social development.
The Impact of Collaborative Style on the Perception of 2D and 3D Videoconferencing Interfaces

Video-based collaborative virtual environments (CVE) attempt to emulate face-to-face meetings by immersing remote collaborators in a shared 3D virtual setting. To investigate potential advantages of this novel type of collaborative user interfaces for creating a better sense of social presence and affording a more efficient collaborative process we con- ducted an empirical study in which pairs of users solved a simple task (matching a set of celebrity photos with a set of quotes) using four different media: face-to-face, a standard desktop videoconferencing system (VC), a desktop video- CVE, and a stereo large-screen video-CVE. As expected, results showed that face-to-face provided a significantly stronger sense of social presence than any of the systems, but relatively little differences showed between the systems themselves. However, significant gender effects emerged in an ex-post analysis for the different system types, with females perceiving more social presence when using the standard video conferencing environment and less with the video-CVE conditions, while males showed the opposite effect. Linguistic analysis of audio transcriptions and video analysis further illuminates differences between collaboration styles of males and females across the collaborative conditions. We discuss the implica- tions of our findings for future studies into CVEs and video conferencing systems.
Risk Factors Associated With Depression And Anxiety In Older Adults Of Mexican Origin

Older adults of Mexican origin are often underserved, especially those residing in nursing homes. The purpose of this study was to examine if there was a relationship among risk factors associated with depression and anxiety in older adults of Mexican origin. Using a quantitative correlational design, the relationships were assessed with a demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). A sample of 150 elders of Mexican origin residing in nursing homes in a Texas–Mexico border city were examined using two multiple regression analyses. Data analysis indicated that there was a relationship between risk factors associated with depression and anxiety. Data from this study confirmed that a high score on ADLs predicted greater depression and anxiety while female gender predicted higher anxiety and frequent family support predicted low anxiety.
Mossbauer studies of nano-size controlled iron oxide for biomedical applications

Synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles and correct characterizations by Mossbauer spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM) are reported. Mossbauer studies are essential tool because the only X-ray diffractometer (XRD) patterns in nanoparticles could not distinguish iron oxides from magnetite, maghemite, and spinel oxides because of similar crystal structure. MFe/sub 2/O/sub 4/ (M = Fe, Co) with spinel structure are made by reaction of iron(III) acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)/sub 3/] with surfactants at high temperature. We have used the phenyl ether, benzyl ether, and 1,2-hexadecanediol as solvents. Fe(acac)/sub 3/ was mixed in phenyl ether and benzyl ether for synthesis of the magnetite (Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/). As boiling point of phenyl ether (259 /spl deg/C) is lower than that of benzyl ether (298 /spl deg/C), the size of magnetite nanoparticles can be controlled. And then, iron oxide nanoparticles have been coated by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) mixed ethyl alcohol and NH/sub 4/OH. The average particle sizes of iron oxides were 6, 13, and 18 nm, narrow size distribution was convinced by TEM. The Mossbauer spectrum for the 6 nm sample at room temperature displays a superparamagnetic behavior as demonstrated by the single quadrupole doublet with zero hyperfine fields. While 13 and 18 nm particle show partially superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature. It is concluded that 13 nm and 18 nm samples are maghemite and magnetite, respectively, from the Mossbauer spectra. It is suggested that 6 nm samples are available for biomedical applications such as hyperthermia and drug delivery system as a magnetic fluid carrier.
Prevalence of high somatic cell counts in bulk tank goat milk.

Higher SCC have been observed in goat milk than in cow milk. This study evaluated the prevalence of high SCC and determined whether increased neutrophils were a factor in high SCC. Bulk tank goat milk samples were collected from commercial dairy goat herds in California, Arkansas, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Total SCC were determined using a Fossomatic Electronic Cell Counter and microscopically using pyronin Y-methyl green stain. Differential counts were determined using Wright's-stained cytospin centrifuge preparations. Average SCC were high (6.12 log10 cells/ml; geometric mean, 1.32 x 10(6) cells/ml). The average of the Fossomatic and direct microscopic SCC indicated that 8.6% of the producers had SCC < . 75 x 10(6) cells/ml and that 34.5% were < 1 x 10(6) cells/ml. The current goat milk SCC standard is 1 x 10(6) cells/ml; the cow milk SCC standard will be . 75 x 10(6) cells/ml in 1993. Milk samples contained 9.9% macrophages, 2.8% lymphocytes, and 87% neutrophils. These data indicate that high SCC were prevalent and that increased neutrophils contributed to high SCC in the bulk tank goat milk.
Efficacy of lidocaine on preventing incidence and severity of pain associated with propofol using in pediatric patients

Background: Propofol injection pain was considered as one conundrum during clinical anesthesia. The systematic review about the effect of lidocaine in reducing injection pain among children has not been established. The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of such intervention. Methods: The literature search was performed from the inception to the May 31, 2016 in PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, and Cochrane database. All randomized controlled trials that using lidocaine for propofol injection pain in children were enrolled. The primary outcome included the incidence of injection pain and the incidence of propofol injection pain in different degrees. The data were combined to calculate the relative ratio and relevant 95% confidence interval. A meta-analysis was performed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook and the PRISMA statement. Results: Data from the included 11 studies indicated that the incidence of injection pain was lower in lidocaine group than the incidence in saline control group and in propofol lipuro (medium- and long-chain triglycerides) group (pain occurrence: 22.1% in lidocaine vs 66.8% in saline, RR with 95% 0.34 [0.26, 0.43], I2 = 38%; 30.5% in lidocaine vs 46.9% in propofol lipuro, RR with 95% 0.68 [0.46, 1.00], I2 = 9%). There was no difference between lidocaine and ketamine/alfentanil both in reducing pain occurrence and in reducing pain severity (pain occurrence: 29.7% in lidocaine vs 25.8% in ketamine, RR with 95% 1.47 [0.16, 13.43], I2 = 94%; 31.0% in lidocaine vs 30.7% in alfentanil, RR with 95% 1.01 [0.69, 1.46], I2 = 11%). And the reported side effects revealed that the safety of lidocaine in pediatric patients was acceptable. Conclusion: Compared with ketamine and alfentanil, lidocaine would be served as one more effective treatment in consideration of its well-matched efficacy, acceptable accessibility, and reasonable safety. However, more high-quality evidences in pediatric patients are necessary.
Empathy Gaps in Emotional Perspective Taking

One of the hallmarks of psychological maturity is a "theory of mind" that allows one to understand that other people, particularly those in different situations, have feelings, preferences, and behavioral inclinations that are different from one's own. Having just gorged on Ritz crackers and Velveeta cheese, one expects that someone who has not eaten in several hours is hungrier than oneself. And even though one may have just received good news that a manuscript was accepted, there is no surprise when someone whose grant was not funded is not elated about one's success. In each of these situations, a theory of mind creates the recognition and anticipation that, because others are in a different affective situation, they feel, think, and behave differently than oneself.
Parallel database systems in the 1990's

CPUS are becoming faster and faster, with no short-term end in sight. As a result, we seem to be reaching a point where only a few relatively inexpensive CPUS are needed to keep a herd of disk drives busy. As has always been the case, disk speeds are improving at a slower pace, although RAID technology may help in this regard. The panel will explore what the implications of these trends are for the highperformance commercial database systems of the 1990’s. Relevant questions include:
Fundamental tradeoffs among reliability, latency and throughput in cellular networks

We address the fundamental tradeoffs among latency, reliability and throughput in a cellular network. The most important elements influencing the KPIs in a 4G network are identified, and the inter-relationships among them is discussed. We use the effective bandwidth and the effective capacity theory as analytical framework for calculating the maximum achievable rate for a given latency and reliability constraint. The analysis is conducted in a simplified LTE network, providing baseline - yet powerful - insight of the main tradeoffs. Guidelines to extend the theory to more complex systems are also presented, including a semi-analytical approach for cases with intractable channel and traffic models. We also discuss the use of system-level simulations to explore the limits of LTE networks. Based on our findings, we give some recommendations for the imminent 5G technology design phase, in which latency and reliability will be two of the principal KPIs.
Toward supporting information-seeking and retrieval activities based on evolving topic-needs

– Seeking and retrieving information is an essential aspect of knowledge workers' activities during problem‐solving and decision‐making tasks. In recent years, user‐oriented Information Seeking (IS) research methods rooted in the social sciences have been integrated with Information Retrieval (IR) research approaches based on computer science to capitalize on the strengths of each field. Given this background, the objective is to develop a topic‐needs variation determination technique based on the observations of IS&R theories. , – In this study, implicit and explicit methods for identifying users' evolving topic‐needs are proposed. Knowledge‐intensive tasks performed by academic researchers are used to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed methods. The paper conducted two sets of experiments to demonstrate and verify the importance of determining changes in topic‐needs during the IS&R process. , – The results in terms of precision and discounted cumulated gain (DCG) values show that the proposed Stage‐Topic_W (G,S) and Stage‐Topic‐Interaction methods can retrieve relevant document sets for users engaged in long‐term tasks more efficiently and effectively than traditional methods. , – The improved precision of the proposed methods means that they can retrieve more relevant documents for the searcher. Accordingly, the results of this research have implications for enhancing the search function in enterprise content management (ECM) applications to support the execution of projects/tasks by professionals and facilitate effective ECM. , – The model observes a user's search behavior pattern to determine the personal factors (e.g. changes in the user's cognitive status), and content factors (e.g. changes in topic‐needs) simultaneously. The objective is to capture changes in the user's information needs precisely so that evolving information needs can be satisfied in a timely manner.
Turning Off the Tap: Urban Water Service Delivery and the Social Construction of Global Administrative Law

This article explores the development of a cross-border dimension to the delivery of urban water services as an arena for the social construction of global administrative law. When companies from one country deliver water services in another country under decades-long concession contracts, the ensuing political and legal struggle engages one of the central strands of administrative law traditionally understood: the question of participation in decision-making processes that affect vital individual interests. Moreover, it does so in an arena that embeds public and private actors in hybrid routines of both formal and informal participation at multiple levels of governance. Using Argentinian and South African case studies, the article teases out in detail the interplay between international and domestic levels of the forms and processes (both formal and informal) that facilitate participation in transnational urban water services governance. The process of socially constructing global administrative law is centred in iterative interaction between formal legal and informal political modes of participation, especially social protest and political negotiations. It is a process with two modes, political and technical, and the political salience of global administrative law is shaped first by differential capacities to deploy both modes, and secondly by the capacity to switch between national and international levels of governance.
Extract of Oregano, Coffee, Thyme, Clove, and Walnuts Inhibits NF-κB in Monocytes and in Transgenic Reporter Mice

The transcription factor NF-κB is a promising target for chemoprevention. Several dietary plants are efficient inhibitors of NF-κB activation in vitro and could act synergistically on the NF-κB signaling pathway. In this study, we tested whether dietary plant extracts could inhibit NF-κB activation in a synergistic manner in vitro. Second, we investigated the potency of the same dietary plant extracts in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in vivo. A combined extract of clove, oregano, thyme, walnuts, and coffee synergistically inhibited lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced NF-κB activation in a monocytic cell line, compared with the sum of effects from the single extracts. Transgenic NF-κB luciferase reporter mice were given a single dose of the combined extract and subsequently challenged with LPS. NF-κB activation was monitored by in vivo imaging for 6 hours. In addition, NF-κB activity in organs and the expression of immune-related genes in liver were investigated. Based on the area under the curve, the extract decreased whole body LPS-induced NF-κB activity the first 6 hours by 35% compared with control mice. Organ-specific NF-κB activation was inhibited in intestine, liver, testis, and epididymis of the mice receiving the combination extract. In addition, dietary plants reduced the expression of genes related to inflammation, cell migration, and proliferation in liver. This study shows that dietary plants may be potent modulators of NF-κB signaling both in vitro and in vivo, and thus support further investigation of consumption of these plant foods as part of a healthy diet or as a mode of chemoprevention. Cancer Prev Res; 3(5); 653–63. ©2010 AACR.