Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability of skeletal age assessments.

An analysis has been made of repeated skeletal age assessments of 50 hand-wrist roentgenograms by 5 observers. These assessments by pediatric radiologists and research workers were made using the tables of Garn and his co-workers5 for younger patients and the Greulich and Pyle atlas for older patients.The replicability of assessments by the pediatric radiologists and the research workers, when using the Greulich and Pyle atlas, was similar to that reported by other experienced assessors and was better at younger than at older ages. The differences between observers were larger for pairs including pediatric radiologists than for the pair of research workers. These differences tended to be smaller when the method of Garn et al.5 was used.The differences between repeated assessments by the research workers were smaller when the Greulich and Pyle atlas was used to make bone-specific assessments than when it was used to make over-all assessments. Data from patients in whom the differences between observers wer.
Breeding and parental behaviour in the glass frog Centrolene savagei (Anura: Centrolenidae)

We examine factors that influence male mating success in the glass frog Centrolene savagei; in addition, we describe courtship behaviour, oviposition and early parental behaviour. Fieldwork was conducted in the Colombian Andes during the rainy season from April 2006 to January 2011. Larger males had more chances of mating than smaller males; neither the height of calling site nor number of nights calling influenced the male mating success. Apparently, females choose males on the basis of call frequency attributes. Ours is the first study in glass frogs to report mating success skewed toward larger males. Courtship behaviour includes acoustic signals and visual displays. Additionally, we recorded an unusual routine interruption of amplexus by the male, and a synchronized behaviour between the female and male that indicates the beginning of male parental behaviour.
Influence of interface traps and surface mobility degradation on scanning capacitance microscopy measurement

Although scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) is based on the MOS capacitance theory, the measurement frequency is 915-MHz instead of 100 kHz to 1 MHz in conventional MOS capacitance-voltage measurement. At this high frequency, the reactance of the probe tip-to-substrate capacitance can become smaller than the series resistance of the substrate inversion layer, particularly when the surface mobility is degraded. The response of the oxide-silicon interface traps to SCM measurement is also different due to the use of a 10-kHz signal to determine dC/dV. In this paper, we compare experimental and simulation data to demonstrate the effects of interface traps and surface mobility degradation on SCM measurement. Implications on the treatment of SCM data for accurate dopant profile extraction are also presented.
Visualising error surfaces for adaptive filters and other purposes

Modern neural and adaptive systems often have complicated error performance surfaces with many local extrema. Visualising and understanding these surfaces is critical to effective tuning of these systems but almost all visualisation methods are confined to two dimensions. Here we show how to use a morphological scale-space transform to convert these multi-dimensional complex error surfaces into two-dimensional trees where the leaf nodes are local minima and other nodes represent decision points such as saddle points and points of inflection.
Scienti c Visualization Contest Winner Observing Genomics and Phenotypical Patterns in the Developing Mouse Brain

Developmental neuroscience records and analyzes changes in the developing brain from embryogenesis to the end of life. Mammalian brain development provides useful and valuable information for neuroscience in the form of patterns of structural and functional changes. These patterns, in turn, serve as essential information to characterize brain development. So, it’s pivotal and critical to observe, identify, visualize, and analyze the inherent patterns of change that can be used to infer genomic regulation. A systemic, comprehensive understanding of regulation during brain development will lead neuroscientists to biologically relevant insights and treatment strategies for neurological disorders and diseases. Several studies have demonstrated that the underlying genomics have the most impact on mouse brain growth. However, few researchers have studied spatiotemporal gene expression (messenger RNA) patterns instead of either spatial or temporal patterns in traditional developmental neuroscience. Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns will help clarify various genes’ roles during brain development. Fortunately, data repositories from the Allen Institute for Brain Science (AIBS) have inherently captured structures and associated changes in gene expression in both the developing and adult brain at numerous stages. It now remains to discover these spatiotemporal patterns. The 2013 IEEE Scienti c Visualization Contest targeted the exciting domain of developmental neuroscience pertaining to the mouse brain. (For more on the contest, see the sidebar.) It’s essential to record and characterize the signi cant patterns of mouse brain organization and development and to analyze their relationships to gene expression patterns. However, to explore the evolution and regulation of such complex processes and grasp the multitude of relationships between gene expression and brain structure, neuroscientists need not only a complete and comprehensive dataprocessing system but also an ef cient and interactive visualization approach. In response to the contest’s challenges, we created a visual-analytics (VA) system that lets users observe, identify, visualize, and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression during mouse brain development. The system employs specialized data-driven representations that capture emerging structure–function associations in such a comprehensive developmental process.
A prognostic scoring system based on clinical features of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the Fudan score.

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to propose a clinical prognostic scoring system applicable for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and to evaluate the prognostic validity of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition staging system. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted for 344 patients with ICC who underwent hepatectomy. A simple clinical prognostic scoring system (Fudan score) was developed based on the independent predictors. The prognostic validity was assessed in 74 patients with unresected tumors and compared with the AJCC 6th and 7th edition systems. RESULTS In the training set, serum alkaline phosphatase level, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, tumor boundary type, tumor size, and number of intrahepatic tumors were independent predictive factors of survival in ICC and were incorporated into the Fudan score. Three hundred forty-four patients were categorized into four subsets with 5-year overall survival rates of 48.6%, 25.6%, 10.3%, and 0.0% for low-, intermediate-, high-, and extremely high-risk groups, respectively. The discriminative ability of the Fudan score was better than that of the AJCC staging system and well applied in the unresected patient set. CONCLUSIONS A Fudan score based on clinical factors may provide a relatively accurate prognostic prediction for ICC patients regardless of resection status.
Video Traces

In this paper we present video traces, a project that looks to explore the design space for visualizations showing the history of a video stream. When using video channels to create a media space for communication, it becomes possible to broadcast countless hours of streaming video. If we are to understand the activities and events taking place in the space, we need methods that allow us to navigate the video history to find these events. In this paper we present and discuss several example visualizations of video history. We consider how certain visualizations may be useful, what their limitations may be, and what issues may arise from their use.
Valoración tecno-ambiental de las escorias de acería ld mediante análisis dinámico de ciclo de vida

Las acerias integrales reciben el arrabio procedente del Horno Alto con el objeto de eliminar las impurezas que el mismo presenta y obtener un acero con una composicion adecuada. En el proceso se producen grandes cantidades de escoria que ha sido tratada tradicionalmente como un residuo que se almacenaba en vertederos controlados. La valorizacion de la escoria de aceria es muy complicada por su abrasividad y por su expansibilidad. Ante la importancia creciente de la disminucion de los impactos ambientales, se hace necesario un cambio de paradigma, debiendo pasarse a considerar la escoria como un subproducto de dicho proceso. De esta forma el proceso se adecuara para obtener el acero con la composicion deseada como objetivo principal, pero se incorpora como objetivo secundario el ajustarlo para obtener escoria con caracteristicas mas adecuadas para su valorizacion. Se planteo como un problema de modelizacion basado en datos historicos procedentes de acerias en funcionamiento, realizando el esfuerzo en dos etapas. En la primera se clasifican la escoria en grupos en funciones de sus caracteristicas fisico-quimicas, lo que permitira orientarlas hacia las alternativas de valorizacion mas adecuadas. En la segunda etapa se busca sobre que variables de proceso se puede actuar y asi sin modificar la calidad del acero, aumentar la produccion de determinados tipos de escoria.
ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CATALYTIC ANTIBODIES WITH OLIGONUCLEASE ACTIVITY FROM BOVINE COLOSTRUM

ABSTRACT Catalytic antibodies (abzymes) which hydrolyze RNA and DNA were isolated from bovine colostrum by sequential chromatography on Protein A Sepharose, denaturated DNA-cellulose, Mono Q, and gel permeation chromatography on Superose 12 at pH 2.3 after acidic shock. Metachromatic agar containing toluidine blue and yeast RNA was used to measure RNase activity. Electrophoresis in agarose showed DNase activity on plasmid DNA fromEscherichia coli and DNA from calf thymus in fractions from all 4 purification steps. Gel permeation chromatography showed that the abzymes hydrolysed both a single-stranded polyadenylic acid (Poly A) and single-stranded polycitidylic acid (Poly C), while partially purified RNase from the colostrum hydrolysed Poly (C), but not Poly (A). Electrophoresis of purified abzymes under denaturing conditions showed protein bands of molecular mass corresponding to heavy and light chains of IgG. The abzymes immunoreacted with anti-bovine IgG. The RNase activity of the purified abzymes represented 0.022% of total RNase activity in the colostrum; acid shock and gel filtration at low pH reduced the specific RNase activity of abzymes 3.6-fold. The RNase activity of abzymes at pH 6.6 was reduced by 90% by heat treatment at 75°C for 52 min.
BELBIC BASED HIGH PERFORMANCE IPMSM DRIVE FOR TRACTION

This paper proposes a brain emotional learning based intelligent controller (BELBIC)for Interior Permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives used for traction application. The IPMSM is a suitable motor for traction because of its brushless, wide constant speed-power region and low power-loss operation. The operation of the BELBIC is based on the emotion processing mechanism in the brain. This intelligent control is stimulated by the limbic system of the mammalian brain. Dual feedback and online tuning of emotional controller assures enhanced performance of the drive system. Dual loop adjustable speed drive system is proposed in this paper for traction application. The conventional PI controller controls the speed but does not guarantee the stability of the machine during the load variation. PI controller makes the system unstable by windup action. In this paper novel methods such as the Fuzzy PI controller and BELBIC are proposed to improve stability. Current is controlled by PI controller and speed is controlled by Fuzzy PI controller and BELBIC. Speed and torque performance of the machine is improved by the Fuzzy PI controller and BELBIC compared to conventional PI controller in the IPMSM drive system.
Humidity Tolerant Organic Vapor Detection Using a Superhydrophobic Quartz Crystal Microbalance

The organic vapor sensitivity of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) with an epoxy resin-carbon soot coating designed to be tolerant to humidity is reported. This is achieved using nonengulfed, but attached, hydrophobic carbon soot nanoparticles, coated in an irregular surface topography composed of islands and cavities. The root mean square roughness (Rrms) of 130 nm, together with the hydrophobic soot, convert the epoxy surface to a superhydrophobic (SH) one with high static contact angle (~151°) and low contact angle hysteresis (~1.1°). The frequency shift of the SH QCM at 100% relative humidity is ~7 times lower compared with an uncoated device, and thus indicating low water vapor adsorption due to superhydrophobicity. In addition, the SH QCM shows between three and six times higher gas sensitivity and lower detection limit compared with the conventional polymer coated QCMs. These results correlate well with the Rrms and surface topography of the coating, which ensure enhanced sensing area. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrates reproducibility, reversibility, and fast response-recovery time (~10 s) to ethanol, methanol, and isopropanol vapor. These experiments reveal that superhydrophobicity increases the organic vapor sorption at the expense of water vapor sorption, and thus allowing operation of the QCM gas sensors in an uncontrolled humidity environment.
Advances in the pathogenesis and management of hypertensive crisis

Purpose of review This review summarizes recent insights into to the pathophysiology of hypertensive crisis with the emphasis on newly discovered molecular mechanisms underlying hypertension and also updates current therapeutic options for treating hypertensive crisis in children. Recent findings There is growing evidence that the renin-angiotensin system plays a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive crises. Recent studies have shown that oxidative stress and factors affecting endothelial function are also important. Treatment of hypertensive crisis still focuses on lowering of blood pressure in an expeditious but safe manner. There is growing experience with IV nicardipine, which is becoming a viable alternative to sodium nitroprusside in children. Summary Current knowledge of hypertensive crisis emphasizes the need for additional animal and translational studies with the goal of identifying the underlying molecular pathogenesis and developing new therapies to optimize future treatment of hypertensive emergencies.
Functional role of A‐type potassium currents in rat presympathetic PVN neurones

Despite the fact that paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurones innervating the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) play important roles in the control of sympathetic function both in physiological and pathological conditions, the precise mechanisms controlling their activity are still incompletely understood. In the present study, we evaluated whether the transient outward potassium current IA is expressed in PVN‐RVLM neurones, characterized its biophysical and pharmacological properties, and determined its role in shaping action potentials and firing discharge in these neurones. Patch‐clamp recordings obtained from retrogradely labelled, PVN‐RVLM neurones indicate that a 4‐AP sensitive, TEA insensitive current, with biophysical properties consistent with IA, is present in these neurones. Pharmacological blockade of IA depolarized resting Vm and prolonged Na+ action potential duration, by increasing its width and by slowing down its decay time course. Interestingly, blockade of IA either increased or decreased the firing activity of PVN‐RVLM neurones, supporting the presence of subsets of PVN‐RVLM neurones differentially modulated by IA. In all cases, the effects of IA on firing activity were prevented by a broad spectrum Ca2+ channel blocker. Immunohistochemical studies suggest that IA in PVN‐RVLM neurons is mediated by Kv1.4 and/or Kv4.3 channel subunits. Overall, our results demonstrate the presence of IA in PVN‐RVLM neurones, which actively modulates their action potential waveform and firing activity. These studies support IA as an important intrinsic mechanism controlling neuronal excitability in this central presympathetic neuronal population.
Data Acquisition and Processing of Embedded Network Controller

Designed a data acquisition and processing of embedded network controller. Used S3C2410A microprocessor as CPU, chose embedded Linux as software development environment, chose oracle Berkeley DB as embedded database, used C language as program language. In the circuit design process, we put CPU, memory, clock, reset and power supply together as core board. And then, we designed interface circuit surround the core board. This system realized the function of data acquisition, processing, store and retrieve. The data store and retrieve is realized by call Berkeley DB API. We also add the function of network communication, network detecting and data retransmission into the system. This implement can receive data from RS232, RS485, CAN bus and network, transmit data via Ethernet. This implement not only used as data acquisition and processing implement but also used as base of developing the embedded network controller. We developed the test code and add this code into program to test system performance. The test result shows achieve the design requirement.
On Assessing Surrogacy in a Single Trial Setting Using a Semicompeting Risks Paradigm

Summary There has been a recent emphasis on the identification of biomarkers and other biologic measures that may be potentially used as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We focus on the setting of data from a single clinical trial. In this article, we consider a framework in which the surrogate must occur before the true endpoint. This suggests viewing the surrogate and true endpoints as semicompeting risks data; this approach is new to the literature on surrogate endpoints and leads to an asymmetrical treatment of the surrogate and true endpoints. However, such a data structure also conceptually complicates many of the previously considered measures of surrogacy in the literature. We propose novel estimation and inferential procedures for the relative effect and adjusted association quantities proposed by Buyse and Molenberghs (1998, Biometrics54, 1014–1029). The proposed methodology is illustrated with application to simulated data, as well as to data from a leukemia study.
The ADA & the health professional--a close relationship. An introduction to what health professionals need to know. President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities.

This report from the President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities, a federal agency that coordinates and promotes public and private efforts to enhance the employment of people with disabilities, describes committee activities during Fiscal Year 1999 (October 1, 1998September 30, 1999). The first part of the report profiles six employment programs: (1) the Business Leadership Network; (2) the Workforce Recruitment Programs; (3) the High School/High Tech Program; (4) Project EMPLOY; (5) the Job Accommodation Network; and (6) a database for assisting in the development and financing of new businesses. The second part of the report discusses activities that seek to change negative attitudes and misconceptions about the employability of individuals with disabilities, to prepare future employees for the world of work, and to examine specific segments of the disability community that are experiencing higher rates of unemployment than the community as a whole. Educational kits, media outreach efforts, youth leadership and veteran forums, and international activities are described. The report includes a map illustrating the location of the programs and a list of committee members. (CR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PROGRAMS THAT WORK PRODUCING PEOPLE AT WORK ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT'S COMMITTEE ON EMPLOYMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Baseline Characteristics of Nearwork-Induced Transient Myopia

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to describe the baseline refractive and nearwork-induced transient myopia (NITM) characteristics of the Beijing Myopia Progression Study, a 3-year cohort study, that has three overall specific aims: to investigate the natural history of NITM in schoolchildren living in the inner city of Beijing aged between 7 and 17 years; to investigate the possible relation between NITM and permanent myopia; and to determine the possible associations with NITM (eg, parental history). Methods Three hundred eighty-six students (187 males and 199 females) were enrolled. The mean ages were 8.4 ± 1.1 years and 14.2 ± 1.6 years for the primary school and secondary school students, respectively. Baseline refractive aspects were determined clinically. Initial NITM and its decay were assessed objectively immediately after binocularly viewing and performing a sustained near task (5 minutes; 5 diopters [D]), incorporating a cognitive demand with full distance refractive correction in place. Results Initial NITM (mean ± SD) / decay time (median, first quartile, and third quartile) was 0.18 ± 0.16 D / 50 (20, 90) seconds, 0.09 ± 0.13 D / 30 (10, 40) seconds, and 0.10 ± 0.19 D / 20 (10, 40) seconds among the myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic students, respectively, for the combined school levels. Initial NITM and decay time were significantly larger/longer in the myopic versus the other two refractive groups. Conclusions The present findings demonstrate that in a large sample of school-aged children with myopia, the initial NITM magnitude was significantly larger and the decay duration was significantly longer than that observed in age-matched children with either emmetropia or hyperopia. Follow-up for the next 3 years will provide insight into the possible role of NITM in the development of permanent myopia.
Plasma levels of nitric oxide products and endothelin in pulmonary hypertension with congenital heart disease

bral degeneration, severe seizures, psychomotor retardation and lens dislocation, and biochemically by increased quantities of sulphite, S-sulphocysteine, taurine and thiosulphate in urine, with cysteine being low, in the presence of normal serum urate. Xanthine dehydrogenase functions in the degradation of purines, isolated deficiency of which results in calculi in kidney and xanthine deposits in muscle, xanthinuria and hypouricaemia with no clinical symptoms (2, 3). In our patient, who exhibited the combination of some clinical and laboratory features of both enzymes, we showed deficient sulphite oxidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. A very low serum uric acid level indicated xanthine dehydrogenase deficiency, albeit indirectly (4). In MCD, no therapeutic attempts have been successful in reversing the clinical symptoms. Although the prognosis of MCD is unfavourable, correct diagnosis is still essential, when the availability of the prenatal diagnosis, by demonstrating sulphite oxidase deficiency in the chorionic villus samples or increased S-sulphocysteine in amniotic fluid, is considered (5, 6). Therefore, blood uric acid measurement should be included in the battery of tests to be performed in all refractory neonatal seizures.