Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Projective Scaling Algorithm for  $l_{p}$  Loss With Convex Penalizations

This paper presents an accurate, efficient, and scalable algorithm for minimizing a special family of convex functions, which have a lp loss function as an additive component. For this problem, well-known learning algorithms often have well-established results on accuracy and efficiency, but there exists rarely any report on explicit linear scalability with respect to the problem size. The proposed approach starts with developing a second-order learning procedure with iterative descent for general convex penalization functions, and then builds efficient algorithms for a restricted family of functions, which satisfy the Karmarkar's projective scaling condition. Under this condition, a light weight, scalable message passing algorithm (MPA) is further developed by constructing a series of simpler equivalent problems. The proposed MPA is intrinsically scalable because it only involves matrix-vector multiplication and avoids matrix inversion operations. The MPA is proven to be globally convergent for convex formulations; for nonconvex situations, it converges to a stationary point. The accuracy, efficiency, scalability, and applicability of the proposed method are verified through extensive experiments on sparse signal recovery, face image classification, and over-complete dictionary learning problems.
Amount of Exercise in the First Week After Stroke Predicts Walking Speed and Unassisted Walking

Background. Predicting walking outcomes poststroke is a challenge for clinicians. Objective. To identify the extent to which exercise dose (repetitions of leg movements) in the first week of a comprehensive stroke unit stay predicts discharge mobility. Methods. A cohort study was conducted on 200 consecutive people admitted to a comprehensive stroke unit who required physical therapy. Results. Discharge and predictor data were available for 191 survivors (99%). On admission, 86 participants were able to walk, and the average walking velocity was 0.42 m/s. On discharge, the average walking velocity was 0.77 m/s, and 152 participants were able to walk. A discharge walking velocity of greater than 0.8 m/s was predicted by the exercise dose achieved in the first week after admission. Adding other predictors did not significantly increase the predictive ability of the model. Completion of more than the median number of exercise repetitions (703) in the first week of admission was associated with a quicker recovery of unassisted walking. This effect persisted after adjustment for walking velocity on admission, cognition, and comorbidity. Conclusion. Exercise dose in the first week after admission for stroke is an important indicator of walking speed at discharge and the time to achieve unassisted walking.
Detection and composition of immune complexes in experimental African trypanosomiasis

Humoral immune responses in experimental African trypanosomiasis were assessed in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. Immune complexes as measured by a Clq binding assay or a Clq solid-phase assay were detected by day 10 and increased progressively through day 28. Immune complexes analyzed by double diffusion in agar or enzyme immunoassay contained immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG consistently, and usually C3. In one serum, immune complexes contained trypanosomal antigens in addition to C3, IgG, and IgM. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation Clq-binding immune complex-like materials were shown to contain IgG, IgM, and C3, sedimentating as intermediate (between 7S and 19S) or as higher-molecular-weight (greater than 19S) aggregates. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to trypanosomes were measured by enzyme immunoassay. IgM antibodies were detected by day 7, rose to peak by day 14, and declined slowly thereafter. IgG antibodies were detected by day 14 and continued to rise through day 32. Total IgM and IgG measured by radial immunodiffusion paralleled the corresponding changes in antibody levels. Host immune responses, in part directed to trypanosomal antigens, produced circulating immune complexes containing bound C3; these may be deposited in tissue or may serve as a serological marker of immune complex-mediated tissue injury.
Using clustering algorithms in legacy systems remodularization

Incited by the observation that cluster analysis and the remodularization of software systems solve similar problems, we have done research in both these areas in order to provide theoretical background for the application of cluster analysis in systems remodularization. We present an overview of cluster analysis and of systems remodularization. It appears that system remodularization techniques often either reinvent clustering techniques or could be augmented by them. We also give directions for further research.
Pseudotype Formation of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus with Sendai Virus Glycoprotein F

ABSTRACT Mixed infection of cells with both Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMLV) and related or heterologous viruses produces progeny pseudotype virions bearing the MoMLV genome encapsulated by the envelope of the other virus. In this study, pseudotype formation between MoMLV and the prototype parainfluenza virus Sendai virus (SV) was investigated. We report for the first time that SV infection of MoMLV producer cells results in the formation of MoMLV(SV) pseudotypes, which display a largely extended host range compared to that of MoMLV particles. This could be associated with SV hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (SV-HN) glycoprotein incorporation into MoMLV envelopes. In contrast, solitary incorporation of the other SV glycoprotein, SV fusion protein (SV-F), resulted in a distinct and narrow extension of the MoMLV host range to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)-positive cells (e.g., cultured human hepatoma cells). Since stably ASGP-R cDNA-transfected MDCK cells, but not parental ASGP-R-negative MDCK cells, were found to be transduced by MoMLV(SV-F) pseudotypes and transduction of ASGP-R-expressing cells was found to be inhibited by ASGP-R antiserum, a direct proof for the ASGP-R-restricted tropism of MoMLV(SV-F) pseudotypes was provided. Cultivation of ASGP-R-positive HepG2 hepatoma cells on Transwell-COL membranes led to a significant enhancement of MoMLV(SV-F) titers in subsequent flowthrough transduction experiments, thereby suggesting the importance of ASGP-R accessibility at the basolateral domain for MoMLV(SV-F) pseudotype transduction. The availability of such ASGP-R-restricted MoMLV(SV-F)-pseudotyped vectors opens up new perspectives for future liver-restricted therapeutic gene transfer applications.
An empirical evaluation of fault-proneness models

Planning and allocating resources for testing is difficult and it is usually done on an empirical basis, often leading to unsatisfactory results. The possibility of early estimation of the potential faultiness of software could be of great help for planning and executing testing activities. Most research concentrates on the study of different techniques for computing multivariate models and evaluating their statistical validity, but we still lack experimental data about the validity of such models across different software applications. The paper reports on an empirical study of the validity of multivariate models for predicting software fault-proneness across different applications. It shows that suitably selected multivariate models can predict fault-proneness of modules of different software packages.
A vehicle-track-soil dynamic interaction problem in sequential and parallel formulation

A vehicle-track-soil dynamic interaction problem in sequential and parallel formulation Some problems regarding numerical modeling of predicted vibrations excited by railway traffic are discussed. Model formulation in the field of structural mechanics comprises a vehicle, a track (often in a tunnel) and soil. Time consuming computations are needed to update large matrices at every discrete step. At first, a sequential Matlab code is generated. Later on, the formulation is modified to use grid computing, thereby a significant reduction in computational time is expected.
A Study on Convergence of Competitive CNNs

In a series of papers published in the seventies, Grossberg has developed a geometric approach for analyzing the global dynamical behavior and convergence properties of a class of competitive dynamical systems. In this paper, Grossberg approach is extended to competitive standard cellular neural networks (CNNs), and it is used to investigate convergence of classes of non-symmetric competitive CNNs under the hypothesis that they induce a globally consistent decision scheme.
A 6-10 bits Reconfigurable 20MS/s Digitally Enhanced Pipelined ADC for Multi-Standard Wireless Terminals

A 20MS/s pipelined ADC architecture can be reconfigured in 10 clock cycles to resolve 6, 8, 9 or 10 bits at maximum resolution. A 9.1bit ENOB and 74dB SFDR with a power consumption of only 8mW was achieved by using background digital calibration and op-amp sharing techniques. The test chip, containing two ADC for I and Q processing within a wireless receiver, has been realized in a 0.13mum pure CMOS technology and uses 3.2mm2 silicon area
SMAD4 Expression Predicts Local Spread and Treatment Failure in Resected Pancreatic Cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of SMAD4 expression in pancreatic cancer. Methods We analyzed the correlations between SMAD4 expression and clinicopathological parameters and outcome in 174 patients with pancreatic cancer. Specimens were also classified into subtypes reflecting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, based on E-cadherin and vimentin. Results We found that 59.8% (104/174) of patients were SMAD4− and 40.2% (70/174) were SMAD4+. Disease-specific survival in patients with SMAD4+ was significantly better than that in SMAD4−. SMAD4− status was significantly correlated with portal vein invasion, lymph vessel invasion, and perineural invasion and was an independent prognostic factor. SMAD4− was significantly associated with mesenchymal phenotype. The loss of SMAD4 expression was found in 49.4% of patients with no vascular invasion, 61.9% with portal vein invasion, 76.5% with common hepatic artery invasion, and 80.8% with superior mesenteric artery invasion. In addition, the specimens from 59.0% of patients with local recurrence, 66.7% of those with both local and distant recurrence, and 73.7% of those with distant recurrence were SMAD4−. Conclusions The loss of SMAD4 expression is an independent prognostic factor and seems to be associated with tumor progression, pattern of failure, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition status. Preoperative stratification based on SMAD4 could lead to appropriate treatment strategy.
Efficient and High-Throughput Implementations of AES-GCM on FPGAs

This paper addresses efficient and high-throughput implementations of AES-GCM optimized for FPGAs. Two main components, the AES engine and the modular multiplication over GF(2m), are discussed and their complexities on FPGAs are shown. Instead of discussing the complexities by using AND and XOR gates as primitives, we present the complexity analysis directly based on FPGA primitives, e.g., Look-Up-Tables (LUTs). For the modular multiplier, the straightforward multiplication is used to get a speed-efficient design while the Karatsuba 's algorithm is used to get an area-efficient design. For the AES engine, the composite field approach is adopted and then inner-round pipelining technology is applied. The estimated resource consumption returned by the complexity analysis provides a good criterion to minimize the influence of technology mapping. By optimizing and balancing the critical delay of sub-components, two high performance GCM implementations are presented on Xilinx Virtex-4 devices.
Perceived family and peer invalidation as predictors of adolescent suicidal behaviors and self-mutilation.

OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the longitudinal relationship between perceived family and peer invalidation and adolescent suicidal events (SE) and self-mutilation (SM) in a 6 month follow-up (f/u) study of adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit for suicide risk. METHODS Adolescents (n=119) and their parent(s) were administered interviews and self-report assessments at baseline and at a 6 month f/u, with 99 (83%) completing both assessments. The Adolescent Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation (A-LIFE) was modified to provide weekly ratings (baseline and each week of f/u) for perceived family and peer invalidation. Regression analyses examined whether: 1) Prospectively rated perceived family and peer invalidation at baseline predicted SE and SM during f/u; and 2) chronicity of perceived invalidation operationalized as proportion of weeks at moderate to high invalidation during f/u was associated with SE and SM during f/u. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses, controlling for previously identified covariates, revealed that perceived family invalidation predicted SE over f/u for boys only and perceived peer invalidation predicted SM over f/u in the overall sample. This was the case for both baseline and f/u ratings of perceived invalidation. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the adverse impact of perceived family and peer invalidation. Specifically, boys who experienced high perceived family invalidation were more likely to have an SE over f/u. Both boys and girls who experienced high perceived peer invalidation were more likely to engage in SM over f/u.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer Gene Expression Profiling Identifies Molecular Subtypes of Updated

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Comprehensive gene expression profiles obtained using DNA microarrays have revealed previously indistinguishable subtypes of noninflammatory breast cancer (NIBC) related to different features of mammary epithelial biology and significantly associated with survival. Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, particular, and aggressive form of disease. Here we have investigated whether the five molecular subtypes described for NIBC (luminal A and B, basal, ERBB2 overexpressing, and normal breast-like) were also present in IBC. We monitored the RNA expression of f8,000 genes in 83 breast tissue samples including 37 IBC, 44 NIBC, and 2 normal breast samples. Hierarchical clustering identified the five subtypes of breast cancer in both NIBC and IBC samples. These subtypes were highly similar to those defined in previous studies and associated with similar histoclinical features. The robustness of this classification was confirmed by the use of both alternative gene set and analysis method, and the results were corroborated at the protein level. Furthermore, we show that the differences in gene expression between NIBC and IBC and between IBC with and without pathologic complete response that we have recently reported persist in each subtype. Our results show that the expression signatures defining molecular subtypes of NIBC are also present in IBC. Obtained using different patient series and different microarray platforms, they reinforce confidence in the expressionbased molecular taxonomy but also give evidence for its universality in breast cancer, independently of a specific clinical form. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(6): 2170-8)
Cryptic Properties of a Cluster of Dominant Flavivirus Cross-Reactive Antigenic Sites

ABSTRACT A number of flaviviruses are important human pathogens, including yellow fever, dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) viruses. Infection with or immunization against any of these viruses induces a subset of antibodies that are broadly flavivirus cross-reactive but do not exhibit significant cross-neutralization. Nevertheless, these antibodies can efficiently bind to the major envelope protein (E), which is the main target of neutralizing and protective antibodies because of its receptor-binding and membrane fusion functions. The structural basis for this phenomenon is still unclear. In our studies with TBE virus, we have provided evidence that such cross-reactive antibodies are specific for a cluster of epitopes that are partially occluded in the cage-like assembly of E proteins at the surfaces of infectious virions and involve—but are not restricted to—amino acids of the highly conserved internal fusion peptide loop. Virus disintegration leads to increased accessibility of these epitopes, allowing the cross-reactive antibodies to bind with strongly increased avidity. The cryptic properties of these sites in the context of infectious virions can thus provide an explanation for the observed lack of efficient neutralizing activity of broadly cross-reactive antibodies, despite their specificity for a functionally important structural element in the E protein.
When My Mommy Was Angry, I Was Speechless

SUMMARY This study examined relations among poverty-related risk, mothers' self-report of negative emotional expressiveness, and children's representations of maternal anger and sadness (N = 46). Children's accuracy was lower when identifying negative emotions than when identifying positive emotions. Significant differences between children exposed to high versus low levels of maternal negative expressiveness were found. Children of highly negative mothers were less accurate in identifying maternal anger, used fewer anger-related terms, and described maternal anger as significantly less intense. These children also were significantly more likely to generate punitive solutions to child anger and irrelevant/incomplete solutions to maternal sadness than were children with less emotionally negative mothers. Support was also found for the negative impact of poverty-related risk on emotional processes within the family. These findings are discussed in light of models of emotion socialization, risk, and resilience among low-income families.
The Possibly Remnant Massive Outflow in G5.89-0.39. I. Observations and Initial Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations

We have obtained maps of the large-scale outflow associated with the UC H II region G5.89-0.39 in CO and 13CO (J = 3-2), SiO (J = 8-7, J = 5-4), SO2 (J = 132,12-131,13),13 and H13CO+(J = 4-3). From these maps we have been able to determine the mass (3.3 M☉), momentum (96 M☉ km s-1), energy (3.5 × 1046 ergs), mechanical luminosity (141 L☉), and mass-loss rate (~ 1 × 10-3 M☉ yr-1) in the large-scale outflow. The observationally derived parameters were used to guide three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic models of the jet-entrained outflow. Through the combination of observations and simulations, we suggest that the large-scale outflow may be inclined by approximately 45° to the line of sight, and that the jet entraining the observed molecular outflow may have been active for as little as 1000 years, half the kinematic age of the outflow.
Correction for “ Highly efficient delivery of functional cargoes by the synergistic effect of GAG binding motifs and cell-penetrating peptides

CELL BIOLOGY Correction for “Highly efficient delivery of functional cargoes by the synergistic effect of GAG binding motifs and cell-penetrating peptides,” by James E. Dixon, Gizem Osman, Gavin E. Morris, Hareklea Markides, Michael Rotherham, Zahia Bayoussef, Alicia J. El Haj, Chris Denning, and Kevin M. Shakesheff, which appeared in issue 3, January 19, 2016, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (113:E291–E299; first published January 5, 2016; 10.1073/ pnas.1518634113). The authors wish to note the following: “The corresponding authors were recently made aware of errors in Figs. 2 and 3 that required investigation. The journal editor was informed immediately and the University of Nottingham conducted an investigation into the cause(s) of the errors, their implications for the validity of the conclusions of the paper, and whether appropriate corrections could be submitted. This investigation was overseen by a member of the University Executive Board and was independent of the authors. The investigation concluded that the errors were caused by accidental mistakes in the preparation of the figures. The author who prepared the figures selected incorrect images from the data archive. By investigating the original data archives, it was concluded that (1) the correct images were available at the time of figure preparation; (2) the correct images were similar in key features of scientific relevance to the experiments; and (3) the correct images were archived with original filenames that stated the experimental conditions and sample types when cross-referenced to laboratory book records. The investigation concluded that corrected figures should be submitted to the journal for peer review. ” The corrected figures have been evaluated by the editor and reviewers and approved for publication. The corrected Figs. 2 and 3, along with their corresponding legends, appear below.
Extraction and recognition of license plates of motorcycles and vehicles on highways

A recognition system is proposed to extract and recognize license plates of motorcycles and vehicles on highways. In the first stage, a block-difference method is used to detect moving objects. According to the variance and the similarity of the M/spl times/N blocks defined on two diagonal lines, the blocks are categorized as three kinds: low-contrast, stationary and moving blocks. In the second stage, a screening method based on the projection of edge magnitudes is used to find two peaks in the projection histograms to bound license plates. The scanning lines with low counts can be removed. In the third stage, character images are segmented and recognized. In our experiments, we tested 180 pairs of images. The block-difference method has a 98% success rate and can remove 88% of pixels from an image on average. The screening method has a 94.4% success rate and the character recognition method has a 95.7% precision rate.
Research and verification on swing-up control algorithm of rotary inverted pendulum

In this paper, a dynamical equation of single rotary inverted pendulum is established, which based on Lagrange equation for the swing-up control problem of single rotary inverted pendulum. The algorithm of energy compensation control is proposed on the basis of this theory, and the experimental device based on DC servo motor during the single rotary inverted pendulum is established. The swing-up control of single rotary inverted pendulum is realized on the basis of experimental facility. The result of the actual control shows that the method proposed is effective and feasible.
The role of blood pressure in glaucoma

Although intraocular pressure (IOP) remains an important risk factor for glaucoma, it is clear that other factors can also influence disease development and progression. More recently, the role that blood pressure (BP) has in the genesis of glaucoma has attracted attention, as it represents a clinically modifiable risk factor and thus provides the potential for new treatment strategies beyond IOP reduction. The interplay between blood pressure and IOP determines the ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), which regulates blood flow to the optic nerve. If OPP is a more important determinant of ganglion cell injury than IOP, then hypotension should exacerbate the detrimental effects of IOP elevation, whereas hypertension should provide protection against IOP elevation. Epidemiological evidence provides some conflicting outcomes of the role of systemic hypertension in the development and progression of glaucoma. The most recent study showed that patients at both extremes of the blood pressure spectrum show an increased prevalence of glaucoma. Those with low blood pressure would have low OPP and thus reduced blood flow; however, that people with hypertension also show increased risk is more difficult to reconcile. This finding may reflect an inherent blood flow dysregulation secondary to chronic hypertension that would render retinal blood flow less able to resist changes in ocular perfusion pressure. Here we review both clinical and experimental studies that have attempted to clarify the relationships among blood pressure, OPP and blood flow autoregulation in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.