Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safe Screening Rules for Accelerating Twin Support Vector Machine Classification

The twin support vector machine (TSVM) is widely used in classification problems, but it is not efficient enough for large-scale data sets. Furthermore, to get the optimal parameter, the exhaustive grid search method is applied to TSVM. It is very time-consuming, especially for multiparameter models. Although many techniques have been presented to solve these problems, all of them always affect the performance of TSVM to some extent. In this paper, we propose a safe screening rule (SSR) for linear-TSVM, and give a modified SSR (MSSR) for nonlinear TSVM, which contains multiple parameters. The SSR and MSSR can delete most training samples and reduce the scale of TSVM before solving it. Sequential versions of SSR and MSSR are further introduced to substantially accelerate the whole parameter tuning process. One important advantage of SSR and MSSR is that they are safe, i.e., we can obtain the same solution as the original problem by utilizing them. Experiments on eight real-world data sets and an imbalanced data set with different imbalanced ratios demonstrate the efficiency and safety of SSR and MSSR.
Influence of artificially induced light pollution on the hormone system of two common fish species, perch and roach, in a rural habitat

Natural light is an important trigger for circadian and circannual rhythms, which can be disturbed by light pollution. Low intensity artificial light at night suppresses different hormones of the reproductive axis of two common freshwater fish species, the European perch, Perca fluviatilis, and roach, Rutilus rutilus, in a natural setting.
Near Infrared Fluorescent Nanoparticles Derived from Hyaluronic Acid Improve Tumor Contrast for Image-Guided Surgery

Tumor tissue that remains undetected at the primary surgical site can cause tumor recurrence, repeat surgery, and treatment strategy alterations that impose a significant patient and healthcare burden. Intraoperative near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is one potential method to identify remaining tumor by visualization of NIR fluorophores that are preferentially localized to the tumor. This requires development of fluorophores that consistently identify tumor tissue in different patients and tumor types. In this study we examined a panel of NIRF contrast agents consisting of polymeric nanoparticle (NP) formulations derived from hyaluronic acid (HA), with either physically entrapped indocyanine green (ICG) or covalently conjugated Cy7.5. Using orthotopic human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 xenografts in nude mice we identified two lead formulations. One, NanoICGPBA, with physicochemically entrapped ICG, showed 2.3-fold greater tumor contrast than ICG alone at 24 h (p < 0.01), and another, NanoCy7.5100-H, with covalently conjugated Cy7.5, showed 74-fold greater tumor contrast than Cy7.5 alone at 24 h (p < 0.0001). These two lead formulations were then tested in immune competent BALB/c mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer tumors. NanoICGPBA showed 2.2-fold greater contrast than ICG alone (p < 0.0001), and NanoCy7.5100-H showed 14.8-fold greater contrast than Cy7.5 alone (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, both NanoICGPBA and NanoCy7.5100-H provided strong tumor enhancement using image-guided surgery in mice bearing 4T1 tumors. These studies demonstrate the efficacy of a panel of HA-derived NPs in delineating tumors in vivo, and identifies promising formulations that can be used for future in vivo tumor removal efficacy studies.
Bio-Inspired Band-Gap Tunable Elastic Optical Multilayer Fibers

The concentrically-layered photonic structure found in the tropical fruit Margaritaria nobilis serves as inspiration for photonic fibers with mechanically tunable band-gap. The fibers show the spectral filtering capabilities of a planar Bragg stack while the microscopic curvature decreases the strong directional chromaticity associated with flat multilayers. Elongation of the elastic fibers results in a shift of the reflection of over 200 nm.
Evaluation of the Schottky Contact Degradation on the Temperature Transient Measurements in GaN HEMTs

The temperature dependence of the Schottky voltage under a forward constant current was used as a means to measure the transient temperature characteristics of gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). However, the degradation of the Schottky diode leads to error in the calculated temperature measurement results, especially at a high forward Schottky current. In this paper, we characterized the degradation of GaN HEMT Schottky diodes under forward bias using pulsed current–voltage measurements. The forward Schottky voltage behavior at constant currents of 0.2, 0.35, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mA was monitored. In particular, the vertical temperature distribution was corrected experimentally based on the transient voltage measurements. The success of this correction indicates that the said artifacts can be removed using the transient voltage measurements. This method increases the accuracy of temperature measurements when the temperature dependence of the Schottky voltage is used to characterize the behavior of GaN HEMTs.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS ON ENERGY HARVESTING FROM MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF BUILDINGS USING MACRO FIBER COMPOSITE

The monitoring of a structure (e.g., a building) enables safe utilization of such a structure. A large number of sensors that measure selected parameters are often required in applied monitoring systems. Cables or batteries are used to power such sensors. This leads to an increase in utilization costs, as the cables have to be spatially located in a monitored building structure, or batteries have to be changed periodically. The use of the natural properties of piezoelectric materials that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy in places where sensors are mounted is a promising field of wireless monitoring system development. This article presents the results of an experimental study for an energy harvesting system using a piezoelectric composite – the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC). The device used for energy harvesting has a beam structure that was achieved by gluing steel and MFC together. In laboratory research, the characteristics of generated currents and electrical power were obtained for several values of vibration amplitude. The most important conclusion was that the resonant frequency of a piezoelectric beam generator should be established (by the selection of proper dimension or/and mass) both for the vibration frequency of the monitored mechanical structure and the vibration amplitude of this structure.
A Dual Locality-Constrained Linear Coding Algorithm for Image Classification

The locality-constrained linear coding (LLC) algorithm has been developed as an effective means for image classification. This algorithm uses locality linear constraints to encode feature points of the image, achieving higher classification accuracy than that of Spatial Pyramid Matching (SPM), spatial pyramid matching using sparse coding, and other traditional algorithms. However, the LLC algorithm uses only the locality information for the visual words in the dictionary while rarely using mutual information between the neighbouring feature points, causing severe ambiguities. Based on the principle of the locality correlation of images, we propose a new algorithm, named the dual locality-constrained linear coding algorithm (DLLC), which applies the locality information of the feature points and visual words and uses the discriminant information provided by the nearest neighbouring feature points. The experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the DLLC algorithm is higher than that of the LLC algorithm, particularly when the image category is large, but the set of dictionary training data is small.
Is there evidence that we should screen the general population for Lynch syndrome with genetic testing? A systematic review

Background The emerging dual imperatives of personalized medicine and technologic advances make population screening for preventable conditions resulting from genetic alterations a realistic possibility. Lynch syndrome is a potential screening target due to its prevalence, penetrance, and the availability of well-established, preventive interventions. However, while population screening may lower incidence of preventable conditions, implementation without evidence may lead to unintentional harms. We examined the literature to determine whether evidence exists that screening for Lynch-associated mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations leads to improved overall survival, cancer-specific survival, or quality of life. Documenting evidence and gaps is critical to implementing genomic approaches in public health and guiding future research. Materials and methods Our 2014–2015 systematic review identified studies comparing screening with no screening in the general population, and controlled studies assessing analytic validity of targeted next-generation sequencing, and benefits or harms of interventions or screening. We conducted meta-analyses for the association between early or more frequent colonoscopies and health outcomes. Results Twelve studies met our eligibility criteria. No adequate evidence directly addressed the main question or the harms of screening in the general population. Meta-analyses found relative reductions of 68% for colorectal cancer incidence (relative risk: 0.32, 95% confidence interval: 0.23–0.43, three cohort studies, 590 participants) and 78% for all-cause mortality (relative risk: 0.22, 95% confidence interval: 0.09–0.56, three cohort studies, 590 participants) for early or more frequent colonoscopies among family members of people with cancer who also had an associated MMR gene mutation. Conclusion Inadequate evidence exists examining harms and benefits of population-based screening for Lynch syndrome. Lack of evidence highlights the need for data that directly compare benefits and harms.
Facile Surfactant‐Free Synthesis of p‐Type SnSe Nanoplates with Exceptional Thermoelectric Power Factors

Abstract A surfactant‐free solution methodology, simply using water as a solvent, has been developed for the straightforward synthesis of single‐phase orthorhombic SnSe nanoplates in gram quantities. Individual nanoplates are composed of {100} surfaces with {011} edge facets. Hot‐pressed nanostructured compacts (E g≈0.85 eV) exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factors (S 2 σ) at 550 K. S 2 σ values are 8‐fold higher than equivalent materials prepared using citric acid as a structure‐directing agent, and electrical properties are comparable to the best‐performing, extrinsically doped p‐type polycrystalline tin selenides. The method offers an energy‐efficient, rapid route to p‐type SnSe nanostructures.
Novel Dual Magnetic Drug Targeting and Hyperthermia Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Thermosensitive Polymer-Coated Nanoparticles

Background: Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) uses magnetic fields to localize magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) to tumor. Once localized, applying an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to the MNPs generates heat energy. Poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPA) is a thermosensitive polymer that contracts when heated, releasing any drugs which are bound to it. Utilizing these properties, MNP coated with PNIPA polymer on to which doxorubicin is loaded can be localized to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with an external magnetic field. Application of an AMF will then generate localized magnetic hyperthermia (MH) within the tumor, thus releasing bound doxorubicin. This study explores this novel drug delivery model which can be used for targeted dual therapy (MDT and MH) of HCC. Aim: To demonstrate that doxorubicin-loaded-PNIPA-coated-MNP can be delivered intra-arterially to target HCC in a rat model and that heat is generated and doxorubicin is released when an AMF is applied. Methods: Morris hepatoma cells are implanted into the livers of buffalo rats. HCC development is confirmed on MRI using a specially-constructed rat-MRI coil. 0.5 ml of doxorubicin-loaded-PNIPA-coated-MNP solution is injected into the hepatic artery and localization of MNP in HCC is confirmed with MRI. Rats are sacrificed for histology of liver and other organs. AMF is applied to doxorubicin-loaded-PNIPA-coated-MNP solution and the temperature measured to demonstrate local hyperthermia in vitro. The amount of doxorubicin released is measured by spectrophotometry. Results: Successful intra-arterial delivery of MNP was confirmed on post-injection MRI. On histology, iron particles were seen in HCC but not in normal liver or other organs. When AMF was applied, temperature of the suspension reached the target temperature of 42°C within 5 minutes and remained within hyperthermia range(42°C-48°C) for 15 minutes. During this period of hyperthermia, 4.7% (~71 μg) of loaded doxorubicin was released. Conclusions: We have demonstrated in a rat model the feasibility of intra-arterial doxorubicin-loaded-PNIPA-coated-MNP for synergistic dual therapy of HCC using targeted hyperthermia and doxorubicin.
DeepSDCS: Dissecting cancer proliferation heterogeneity in Ki67 digital whole slide images

Ki67 is an important biomarker for breast cancer. Classification of positive and negative Ki67 cells in histology slides is a common approach to determine cancer proliferation status. However, there is a lack of generalizable and accurate methods to automate Ki67 scoring in large-scale patient cohorts. In this work, we have employed a novel deep learning technique based on hypercolumn descriptors for cell classification in Ki67 images. Specifically, we developed the Simultaneous Detection and Cell Segmentation (DeepSDCS) network to perform cell segmentation and detection. VGG16 network was used for the training and fine tuning to training data. We extracted the hypercolumn descriptors of each cell to form the vector of activation from specific layers to capture features at different granularity. Features from these layers that correspond to the same pixel were propagated using a stochastic gradient descent optimizer to yield the detection of the nuclei and the final cell segmentations. Subsequently, seeds generated from cell segmentation were propagated to a spatially constrained convolutional neural network for the classification of the cells into stromal, lymphocyte, Ki67-positive cancer cell, and Ki67-negative cancer cell. We validated its accuracy in the context of a large-scale clinical trial of oestrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer. We achieved 99.06% and 89.59% accuracy on two separate test sets of Ki67 stained breast cancer dataset comprising biopsy and whole-slide images.
Fine-Grained Aging-Induced Delay Prediction Based on the Monitoring of Run-Time Stress

Run-time solutions based on online monitoring and adaptation are required for resilience in nanoscale integrated circuits, as design-time solutions and guard bands are no longer sufficient. Bias temperature instability-induced transistor aging, one of the major reliability threats in nanoscale very large scale integration, degrades path delay over time and may lead to timing failures. Chip health monitoring is, therefore, necessary to track delay changes on a per-chip basis over the chip lifetime operation. However, direct monitoring based on actual measurement of path delays can only track a coarse-grained aging trend in a reactive manner, not suitable for proactive fine-grain adaptations. In this paper, we propose a low cost and fine-grained workload-induced stress monitoring approach, based on machine learning techniques, to accurately predict aging-induced delay. We integrate space and time sampling of selective flip-flops into the runtime monitoring infrastructure in order to reduce the cost of monitoring the workload. The prediction model is trained offline using support-vector regression and implemented in software. This approach can leverage proactive adaptation techniques to mitigate further aging of the circuit by monitoring aging trends. Simulation results for realistic open-source benchmark circuits highlight the accuracy of the proposed approach.
6-2007 Goals and Plans in Decision Making

We propose a constructed-choice model for general decision making. The model departs from utility theory and prospect theory in its treatment of multiple goals and it suggests several different ways in which context can affect choice. It is particularly instructive to apply this model to protective decisions, which are often puzzling. Among other anomalies, people insure against non-catastrophic events, underinsure against catastrophic risks, and allow extraneous factors to influence insurance purchases and other protective decisions. Neither expected-utility theory nor prospect theory can explain these anomalies satisfactorily. To apply this model to the above anomalies, we consider many different insurance-related goals, organized in a taxonomy, and we consider the effects of context on goals, resources, plans and decision rules. The paper concludes by suggesting some prescriptions for improving individual decision making with respect to protective measures.
Design and characterization of an inverse layer dual frequency ultrasound transducer

Contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging, such as harmonic imaging, or sub-harmonic imaging, is known for the ability to offer enhanced resolution and contrast-to-tissue ratio. However, the finite bandwidth of the conventional ultrasound transducer restricts its development. The recently proposed dual frequency ultrasound transducers which are designed for harmonic imaging use only one active layer in the receiving mode, such that they are not capable of sufficiently detecting the harmonic components without microbubble contrast agents. In this paper, an inverse layer dual frequency ultrasound transducer which aims to improve the harmonic response during contrast ultrasound imaging has been studied to solve this problem. A prototype transducer composed of two anti-poled piezoelectric ceramics with the thickness of 190 μm and 110 μm respectively was designed, fabricated and characterized. The KLM equivalent circuit of this inverse layer dual frequency transducer was deduced to optimize the design parameters and to predict the device performance. The pulse-echo experiment was conducted to characterize the acoustic response. The fundamental frequencies of the fabricated transducer were measured to be 14.4 MHz and 24.0 MHz, respectively. Third harmonics were shown on the sepctrum of the pulse signal, approving of successfully detecting non-linear signals using the prototype transducer.
The mitigating effects of the threshold voltage shifting on the false turn-on of GaN E-HEMTs

Enhancement mode Gallium Nitride High-electron-mobility Transistors (GaN E-HEMTs) have displayed a great potential in boosting performances for power converters, compared with traditional Silicon power devices. However, in the bridge-leg configuration, GaN E-HEMTs are more subject to false turn-on due to its low threshold voltage and fast switching speed, resulting in undesired effects like higher switching loss and shooting through. In order to eliminate such effects, a −3.3 V gate voltage bias could be applied, whereas such a strong bias may lead to high reverse conduction loss. However, it is discovered that the threshold gate voltage of GaN E-HEMTs shifts with the voltage stress from drain to gate, and it will be higher than previous expectations. Thence, the dynamic behavior of the threshold voltage shifting and its benefit on the false turn-on is quantitatively analyzed. The false triggering would be suppressed even with a higher negative bias, due to the existence of the shift. Besides, the current overshoot during the false triggering process is especially suppressed according to the analysis.
Comparison of prophylactic effect of UGIB and effects on platelet function between PPIs and H2RAs combined with DAPT: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective We compared prophylactic effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) on upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) associated with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and explored this influence on platelet function. Methods Randomized controlled trials and cohort studies comparing PPIs with H2RAs in adults receiving DAPT were collected from PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Dichotomous data were pooled to obtain risk ratios (RRs) for UGIB, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), poor responders to clopidogrel and rehospitalization, and continuous data were pooled to obtain mean differences (MDs) for P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Twelve clinical trials (n=3,301) met the inclusion criteria. Compared to H2RAs, PPIs lessened UGIB (RR =0.16, 95% CI: 0.03–0.70), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of PRUs (MD =18.21 PRUs, 95% CI: −4.11–40.54), poor responders to clopidogrel (RR =1.21, 95% CI: 0.92–1.61), incidence of MACEs (RR =0.89, 95% CI: 0.45–1.75) or rehospitalization (RR =1.76, 95% CI: 0.79–3.92). Subgroup analysis confirmed fewer PRUs in the H2RAs group compared to the omeprazole group (2 studies, n=189, MD =31.80 PRUs, 95% CI: 11.65–51.96). However, poor responder data for clopidogrel and MACEs might be unreliable because few studies of this kind were included. Conclusion Limited evidence indicates that PPIs were better than H2RAs for prophylaxis of UGIB associated with DAPT and had no effect on platelet function. Further study is needed to confirm these observations.
Intelligent database interface techniques using semantic coordination

More and more the use of artificial intelligence and data mining techniques established in many fields to solve the problem of classification. This paper consider most new database applications request smart interface to improve effective collaborations in the middle of database and the clients. The most open interfaces for databases must be clever and ready to comprehend characteristic dialect expressions. The overall aim of this study is to look at the importance of using data mining techniques with artificial intelligence in algorithms and applications. We propose a general design for an intelligent database interface. Furthermore, a genuine usage of such a framework which can be connected to any database. One of the fundamental attributes of this interface is space, freedom, which implies that this interface can be utilized with any database. Another aspect of this framework is that it is easy setup. The intelligent interface utilizes semantic coordinating procedure to change natural language query to Structured Query Language (SQL) by depending lexicon and set of creation guidelines. The lexicon comprises semantics sets for tables and sections. The query model is executed and the outcomes are introduced to the client. This interface was initially tested utilizing Supplier-Parts database by using JAVA and the result proves the efficiency of the proposed method in intelligent database system.
Green Clubs and Voluntary Governance: ISO 14001 and Firms' Regulatory Compliance

Voluntary programs have become widespread tools for governments and nongovernmental actors looking to improve industry's environmental and regulatory performance. Voluntary programs can be conceptualized as club goods that provide nonrival but potentially excludable benefits to members. For firms, the value of joining a green club over taking the same actions unilaterally is to appropriate the club's positive brand reputation. Our analysis of about 3,700 U.S. facilities indicates that joining ISO 14001, an important nongovernmental voluntary program, improves facilities' compliance with government regulations. We conjecture that ISO 14001 is effective because its broad positive standing with external audiences provides a reputational benefit that helps induce facilities to take costly progressive environmental action they would not take unilaterally.