Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Findings of the Work Improvement on Board (WIB) programme by the Fishery Agency in Japan.

BACKGROUND Concerns are growing about the safety and health of seamen exposed to high risks while working on vessels. Their accident rate in 2013 was 9.9 per 1000 workers, 5 times higher than that in industry. In order to mitigate the risks of seamen, we developed the Work Improvement on Board (WIB) programme by applying participatory action-oriented training (PAOT) methods that have proven effective for reducing work-related risks in small enterprises, construction sites, and agriculture. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed which features of the WIB programme would be most effective for facilitating the planning and implementation of practical improvements on vessels. We examined action -oriented tools used, including a WIB action checklist and good examples, and practical improvements proposed by the participants in 1-day or half-day WIB workshops. To study the effectiveness of the WIB programme, we analysed 1121 replies of a questionnaire distributed to 1459 participants of the programme. We compared the types of improvements achieved and the improvement costs in the WIB programme with those in other PAOT programmes. The impact of the WIB programme on promoting primary prevention by seamen and fishermen was discussed. RESULTS The action checklist listing practical improvements on board and good example photos apparently facilitated the planning and implementation of improvements feasible on board. The participating crews could propose readily applicable improvements of their vessels within short time. In the case of workshops held in 10 harbours between August and October 2014, participants coming from 110 vessels presented 228 improvement proposals which were mostly feasible at low cost. Among the 1121 questionnaire replies from participants of the WIB programme, over 75% evaluated the programme as necessary, practical and easy-to-understand. These positive results led to the adoption of the WIB programme for training fishermen and seamen on commercial vessels by the Fishery Agency and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The Fishery Agency adopted plans to improve the working environment on fishing vessels by training 500 fishermen per year in the WIB programme from 2013 to 2018. CONCLUSIONS The participatory work improvement programme can work in vessels when it utilises in a flexible manner local good practices and low-cost improvements as guides. The use of action-oriented tools such as a WIB action checklist and good examples seems important. We recommend the wide use of WIB methods in occupational safety and health management systems on board vessels in Japan and other countries.
Clinical practice guidelines: A review

Abstract The development of clinical practice guidelines has spread from utilization review agencies to physician specialty societies, federal agencies, managed care organizations, and academic health centers as their usefulness in accomplishing the goals of healthcare reform become clear. The author reviews the mounting evidence that variation in the practice of medicine suggests that patients in some areas are not receiving all needed services, while others are receiving unnecessary services. He explores the implications of practice guidelines for improving the quality of care while controlling cost. Practice guidelines are defined and distinguished from medical review criteria. The author explores the challenges in governance, funding, and guideline development and communication that will have to be overcome to establish the credibility of practice guidelines. Finally, he addresses the opportunities for the osteopathic medical profession to establish its uniqueness in this setting.
Validation of the SMOS L2 Soil Moisture Data in the REMEDHUS Network (Spain)

The Level 2 soil moisture products from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission have been re- leased. The data must be validated under different scenarios of biophysical and climatic conditions. For the current study, the data from January to December 2010 from 20 in situ soil moisture stations from the REMEDHUS soil moisture measurement station network (Spain) were used. A comparison analysis was carried out in terms of the soil moisture content, its spatial variability, and temporal stability. The results show an acceptable level of agreement (R = 0.73, RMSD = 0.069 m3 · m-3, and bias = 0.053 m3 · m-3) between the in situ and satellite data. A slight constant underestimation from the SMOS data set was detected. A centered (bias removed) root-mean-square difference was calculated to account for this persistent bias (RMSDc = 0.044 m3 · m-3). This result is close to the SMOS accuracy objective of 0.04 m3 · m-3. Two conclusions can be drawn: First, SMOS is close to meet the mission accuracy requirements in REMEDHUS, and second, SMOS is able to detect temporal anomalies and the temporal evolution of ground soil moisture, even though the soil moisture was slightly underestimated. Despite a noticeably reduced spatial variability among the SMOS grid cells, the remotely sensed soil moisture shows a spatial pattern of the soil moisture fields on the area scale, in agreement with the site-specific characteristics of REMEDHUS. No differences were found between the use of ascending and descending orbits. In addition, no differences were detected between the use of time-overpass values of in situ soil moisture and that of the daily average.
Limits to sustained energy intake. XXI. Effect of exposing the mother, but not her pups, to a cold environment during lactation in mice

SUMMARY The capacity of females to dissipate heat may constrain sustained energy intake during lactation. However, some previous experiments supporting this concept have confounded the impact of temperature on the mothers with the impact on the pups. We aimed to separate these effects in lactating laboratory mice (MF1 strain) by giving the mothers access to cages at two ambient temperatures (10 and 21°C) joined by a tube. Food was available only in the cold cage, but females could also choose go to this cage to cool down while their pups were housed in the warmer cage. Control animals had access to the same configuration of cages but with both maintained at 21°C. We hypothesised that if females were limited by heat dissipation, alleviating the heat load by providing a cool environment would allow them to dissipate more heat, take in more food, generate more milk and hence wean heavier litters. We measured maternal energy budgets and monitored time courses of core body temperature and physical activity. To minimise the variance in energy budgets, all litters were adjusted to 12 (±1) pups. Females in the experimental group had higher energy intake (F1,14=15.8, P=0.0014) and higher assimilated energy (F1,13=10.7, P=0.006), and provided their pups with more milk (F1,13=6.65, P=0.03), consistent with the heat dissipation limit theory. Yet, despite keeping demand constant, mean pup growth rates were similar (F1,13=0.06, P=0.8); thus, our data emphasise the difficulties of inferring milk production indirectly from pup growth.
Key Reinstallation Attacks: Forcing Nonce Reuse in WPA2

We introduce the key reinstallation attack. This attack abuses design or implementation flaws in cryptographic protocols to reinstall an already-in-use key. This resets the key's associated parameters such as transmit nonces and receive replay counters. Several types of cryptographic Wi-Fi handshakes are affected by the attack. All protected Wi-Fi networks use the 4-way handshake to generate a fresh session key. So far, this 14-year-old handshake has remained free from attacks, and is even proven secure. However, we show that the 4-way handshake is vulnerable to a key reinstallation attack. Here, the adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. This is achieved by manipulating and replaying handshake messages. When reinstalling the key, associated parameters such as the incremental transmit packet number (nonce) and receive packet number (replay counter) are reset to their initial value. Our key reinstallation attack also breaks the PeerKey, group key, and Fast BSS Transition (FT) handshake. The impact depends on the handshake being attacked, and the data-confidentiality protocol in use. Simplified, against AES-CCMP an adversary can replay and decrypt (but not forge) packets. This makes it possible to hijack TCP streams and inject malicious data into them. Against WPA-TKIP and GCMP the impact is catastrophic: packets can be replayed, decrypted, and forged. Because GCMP uses the same authentication key in both communication directions, it is especially affected. Finally, we confirmed our findings in practice, and found that every Wi-Fi device is vulnerable to some variant of our attacks. Notably, our attack is exceptionally devastating against Android 6.0: it forces the client into using a predictable all-zero encryption key.
Enhanced N-Glycosylation Site Analysis of Sialoglycopeptides by Strong Cation Exchange Prefractionation Applied to Platelet Plasma Membranes *S

Elucidation of post-translational modifications to proteins, such as glycosylations or phosphorylations, is one of the major issues concerning ongoing proteomics studies. To reduce general sample complexity, a necessary prerequisite is specific enrichment of peptide subsets prior to mass spectrometric sequencing. Regarding analysis of overall N-glycosylation sites in the past, this has been achieved by several approaches proving to be more or less complicated and specific. Here we present a novel strategy to target N-glycosylation sites with application to platelet membrane proteins. Initial aqueous two-phase partitioning for membrane enrichment and single step strong cation exchange-based purification of glycopeptides resulted in identification of 148 glycosylation sites on 79 different protein species. Although 69% of these sites were not annotated in the Swiss-Prot database before, a high number of 75% plasma membrane-localized proteins were analyzed. Furthermore miniaturizations and relative quantification are comprised in the developed method suggesting further use in other proteome projects. Results on platelet glycosylation sites may imply an impact on research of bleeding disorders as well as potential new functions in inflammation and immunoactivity.
Phased antenna array design with CST STUDIO SUITE

This paper illustrates a full simulation design flow for a low profile Ku band satellite communications phased array for airborne use. A variety of numerical methods are used in tandem on a single model within a single simulation environment to perform the complete design and analysis of the array. An FEM simulation with a full Floquet port boundary implementation is used to optimize the cell geometry of the array unit cell simultaneously for operation at multiple frequencies and multiple scan angles. A time domain approach is used to analyse the full array including edge effects and curvature of an enclosure. A hybrid field coupling approach employs an asymptotic shooting bouncing ray (SBR) simulation to predict the installed performance of the array on the roof of an aircraft. The effect of an aerodynamic sandwich radome is considered as part on the radiating structure, both at the unit cell level and the full array level.
Parvalbumin‐containing GABAergic neurons in the basal ganglia output system of the rat

The output of the basal ganglia is directed through the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) and pars lateralis (SNL), which provide a γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) projection to various nuclei of the thalamus and brainstem. Although many neurons within the SNR and EPN have been described as modality specific, the morphological and neurochemical similarities preclude their precise identification. In the present study, the immunocytochemical localization of parvalbumin, a calcium‐binding protein, is used in combination with axonal tracing to verify neuronal heterogeneity within the SNR, SNL, and EPN. The results reveal that the majority of neurons in all three centers contain parvalbumin. The parvalbumin‐containing neurons are distributed in the caudal two‐thirds of the EPN, the rostral part of the SNL, and the lateral two‐thirds of the entire rostrocaudal extent of the SNR, the areas involved in sensorimotor function of the basal ganglia. Moreover, the negrothalamic, nigrocollicular, and EPN‐thalamic neurons possess parvalbumin immunoreactivity, whereas the EPN‐habenular neurons are devoid of parvalbumin immunoreactivity. The results indicate a neurochemical heterogeneity within the GABAergic output neurons of the basal ganglia and suggest that the parvalbumin‐containing neurons of the SNR, SNL, and EPN are the tonically active output neurons that form a major link in the disinhibitory neuronal circuit of the basal ganglia, especially that concerned with sensorimotor function. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Validity of Self-Reported Fitness across Black and White Race, Gender, and Health Literacy Subgroups

Purpose. To compare concurrent criterion validity of the Self-Reported Fitness (SRFit) Survey, a new fitness measure, between black and white race, gender, and health literacy groups. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Midwest urban primary care center and commercial fitness center. Subjects. One hundred one black, white, male, and female primary care patients aged ≥40 years. Measures. Measures included demographics, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine, the SRFit Survey, and the Rikli and Jones Senior Fitness Test battery of physical tests. The BodPod determined percentage of body fat. Body mass index was calculated. Analysis. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson and Spearman rank order correlations between corresponding physical tests and SRFit survey items. Results. Correlations between physical tests and SRFit items ranged from r = . 52 to . 76 (ρ = .41–.85) in males, r = . 40 to . 79 (ρ = .33–.80) in females, r = . 45 to . 79 (ρ = .53–.82) in blacks, and r = . 49 to . 77 (ρ = .33–.82) in whites. Correlations were r = . 58 (ρ = .58) to r = . 77 (ρ = .79) in persons with low health literacy and r = . 50 to . 79 (ρ = .39–.85) among persons with moderate to high health literacy. Conclusion. SRFit shows similar concurrent validity across race, gender, and health literacy subgroups.
Sensitive Detection of Estrogenic Mycotoxin Zearalenone by Open Sandwich Immunoassay

Zearalenone (ZEA) is an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium sp. , and its production on corn and small grains during storage has been of considerable concern. For sensitive ZEA detection, we applied an open sandwich (OS) immunoassay that can noncompetitively detect monovalent antigens utilizing an antigen-induced enhancement of the V_H/V_L interaction. We cloned the V_H and V_L cDNAs of anti-ZEA mAb to a split-Fv phagemid pKST2, and firstly both V_H and V_L fragments were displayed on M13 phage p9 and p7, respectively, using an amber suppressor, TG-1, as a host. The split-Fv phage showed specific binding to immobilized ZEA, which was well inhibited by free ZEA. Then, the V_H/V_L interaction and its antigen-dependency were analyzed using a non-suppressor HB2151 as a host to produce V_H-displaying phage and his/myc-tagged soluble V_L in the culture supernatant. By capturing V_L with an anti-myc or -his antibody and probing bound V_H-phage, ZEA was successfully detected with a superior detection limit as well as a wider working range than those of a competitive assay. Also, essentially the same results were reproduced with purified V_H-alkaline phosphatase and MBP-V_L fusion proteins.
Mineral Formation in Joints Caused by Complete or Joint‐Specific Loss of ANK Function

To reveal the ANK complete loss of function phenotype in mice, we generated conditional and null alleles. Mice homozygous for the null allele exhibited widespread joint mineralization, similar in severity to animals harboring the original ank allele. A delayed yet similar phenotype was observed in mice with joint‐specific loss of ANK function.
A new alpha matting for nature image

Alpha matting, aiming at extraction of foreground elements from a natural image by means of color and opacity (alpha) estimation, is one of the key techniques for image editing and film production. However, matting is inherently an ill-posed problem. Many matting approaches perform poorly with the complex natural images. A new matting algorithm is proposed. The proposed method involves expansion of known regions, selection of foreground and background colors for unknown pixels, determination of the confidence for these samples and optimization of the initial alpha by minimizing the object function. Finally, the experiments on the benchmark images are carried out and the results show that compared with some popular matting, the proposed method performs better.
Addition of inhaled tobramycin to ciprofloxacin for acute exacerbations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in adult bronchiectasis.

RATIONALE Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in patients with bronchiectasis, a chronic airway disease that is characterized by episodes of exacerbation, is associated with more severe disease and a higher utilization of health-care resources. Inhaled tobramycin solution reduces the number of acute exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF)-related bronchiectasis with P aeruginosa infection but remains untested in the treatment of exacerbations in patients with non-CF bronchiectasis. OBJECTIVES This study tested the effect of adding inhaled tobramycin solution to oral ciprofloxacin (Cip) for the treatment of acute exacerbations of non-CF bronchiectasis in patients with P aeruginosa infection. METHODS A double-blind, randomized, active comparator, parallel-design study conducted at 17 study centers (5 in the United Kingdom, and 12 in the United States) compared 2 weeks of therapy with Cip with either an inhaled tobramycin solution or placebo in 53 adults with known P aeruginosa infection who were having acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis. MEASUREMENTS Clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, clinical efficacy, and sputum microbiology were investigated prospectively. MAIN RESULTS An inhaled solution of Cip with tobramycin, compared to placebo, achieved greater microbiological response but no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy at days 14 or 21. Clinical and microbiological outcomes at the test of cure (ie, the clinical outcome assessment at day 21) were concordant when an inhaled tobramycin solution was added to therapy with Cip and compared to placebo (p = 0.01). Both subject groups had similar overall adverse event rates, but subjects receiving therapy with an inhaled tobramycin solution reported an increased frequency of wheeze (50%; placebo group, 15%). CONCLUSIONS The addition of an inhaled tobramycin solution to therapy with oral Cip for the treatment of acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis due to P aeruginosa improved microbiological outcome and was concordant with clinical outcome; the inability to demonstrate an additional clinical benefit may have been due to emergent wheeze resulting from treatment.
Identification of mouse brain proteins associated with isoform 3 of metallothionein

Using immunological approaches and mass spectrometry, five proteins associated with metallothionein‐3 in mouse brains have been identified. Metallothionein‐3 and associated proteins were isolated using immunoaffinity chromatography over immobilized anti‐mouse brain MT3 antibody. Proteins in the recovered pool were separated by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and distinct bands were excised and the proteins digested using trypsin. Peptides were extracted and analyzed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Initial identification was done comparing the identified peptide mass:charge ratios to the MASCOT database. Confirmation of proteins was accomplished by sequencing of selected peptides using tandem mass spectrometry and comparison to the MASCOT database. The proteins were heat‐shock protein 84 (mouse variant of heat‐shock protein 90), heat‐shock protein 70, dihydropyrimidinase‐like protein 2, creatine kinase, and β actin. Independently using antibodies against metallothionein‐3, creatine kinase, and heat‐shock protein 84 showed that all three proteins were coimmunoprecipitated from whole mouse brain homogenates with each of the three antibodies. Mixing purified samples of metallothionein and human brain creatine kinase also generated a complex that could be immunoprecipitated either by anti‐metallothionein‐3 or anticreatine kinase antibody. These data are consistent with metallothionein‐3 being present in the mouse brain as part of a multiprotein complex providing new functional information for understanding the role of metallothionein‐3 in neuronal physiology.
Cognitive and educational outcome of very‐low‐birthweight children in early adolescence

A cohort of 138 very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) 12‐year‐old children and matched control children were assessed on objective cognitive and educational measures. School performance was rated by teachers and by the children themselves. VLBW children were shown to have lower IQ scores, and poorer scores on all objective educational measures compared with control children. Controlling for IQ differences, mathematics and reading‐comprehension scores remained significantly lower for VLBW children. Teachers rated VLBW children lower in all curriculum areas. Significantly more VLBW children were found to be ‘failing’ in one or more subject and an increased proportion compared with the control children had received remedial education. The VLBW group showed no evidence of ‘catch up’ between 6 and 12 years of age. Multiple regression analyses were used to identify predictors of cognitive and educational outcome. The duration of mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period was inversely related to outcome. Full‐Scale IQ at 6 years, motor‐skills score at 6 years, and head circumference at 12 years all predicted outcome at 12 years, as did maternal education, family income and size. Individually, many VLBW children perform satisfactorily, but as a group VLBW children appear to be at a long‐term disadvantage to peers in the areas of cognitive and educational performance.
Glucagon Levels, Disease Severity, and Outcome in Severe Sepsis

ABSTRACT Purpose: Few studies on plasma glucagon levels in patients with sepsis have been performed. We aimed to assess clinical value of glucagon levels in comparison with clinical parameters and severity scores in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Methods: A total of 112 patients who were admitted to intensive care unit with severe sepsis or septic shock were included. Plasma levels of glucagon on days 0, 1, 3, and 7 were serially measured in 112 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Results: Compared with survivors, patients who died within 28 days had significantly higher glucagon levels on every day of examination. Glucagon levels were positively correlated with and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (day 0, r = 0.288, P < 0.01) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (day 0, r = 0.482, P< 0.01; day 1, r = 0.588, P < 0.01; day 3, r = 0.480, P < 0.01; day 7, r = 0.454, P < 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve of glucagon levels to predict 28-day survival was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–0.75; P = 0.005), similar to the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Multivariate analysis revealed that glucagon levels of greater than 70 pg/mL (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.03–3.29) and chronic liver disease (hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.02–3.79) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: Glucagon levels might reflect disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.