Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating price-cost margins and market conduct in the SRAM industry

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Fragen, ob Unternehmen im Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) Markt uber Marktmacht verfugen, wie hoch ihre Kosten-Preis-Spannen sind und ob ihre Marktmacht zur Einfuhrung der jeweiligen SRAM-Generation auf dem Markt groser ist als im weiteren Verlauf des Produktlebenszyklus. Dabei wird die New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) Methode angewandt und ein Modell erstellt, das auf der Arbeit von Genesove und Mullin (1998) basiert. Das Modell besteht aus einer Nachfragefunktion und einer Preisrelation und wird fur vier ausgewahlte SRAM-Generationen geschatzt. Die Preisrelation richtet sich jeweils nach verschiedenen Grenzkosten-Funktionen. Die SRAM-Daten (auf Industrie-Ebene) stammen von Gartner, Inc., der Silizium-Preis (Hauptkostenfaktor bei der Produktion) von Metall Bulletin Ltd. Nur fur zwei der vier Generationen konnten sinnvolle Ergebnisse fur Grenzkosten und Marktverhalten gefunden werden. Demnach sind Unternehmen im SRAM-Markt Oligopolisten und konnen – durch Marktmacht – den Preis etwas uber die Grenzkosten setzen. Der Markt fur die 64KB Generation ist durch ein starkeres Konkurrenzverhalten gepragt als der Markt der 256KB Generation. Da jedoch die Ergebnisse fur andere Generationen nicht sinnvoll sind und das Modell deshalb nicht auf die gesamte SRAM-Industrie ubertragen werden kann, sind die Resultate eher kritisch zu betrachten. Hohe Preise in der Einfuhrungsphase der SRAM-Chips gehen mit hohen Werten des Lerner Index (und deshalb mit scheinbar hoher Marktmacht) einher. Die Schatzungsergebnisse des Modells zeigen jedoch gegensatzliche Resultate. Eine konkrete Antwort kann nicht gegeben werden.
Sustainability analysis of steel fibre reinforced concrete flat slabs

Fibre reinforced concrete has been used in concrete structures without any additional reinforcement when the design is determined by transient load stages (e.g. precast segments for tunnels), in elements with favourable boundary conditions or structures subjected to low load levels (e.g. pavements or pipes). The material has been more recently applied as the primary reinforcement in elements subjected to higher load levels such as slabs. As a result of the experience gained in this type of application the American Concrete Institute (ACI) has published a report on the design and construction of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) elevated slabs. Despite these advances, in some cases fibres have not been used as primary reinforcement in concrete slabs due to economic reasons. However, in most cases the comparison of this solution with other alternatives such as traditional reinforcement has been made considering only direct material costs disregarding indirect costs, social and environmental factors. Considering the above, the aim of this study is to present a method to evaluate the sustainability of concrete slabs by means of the multi-criteria decision making approach for assessing sustainabilityMIVES.
Detecting Synchronous Cell Assemblies with Limited Data and Overlapping Assemblies

Two statistical methodscross-correlation (Moore et al. 1966) and gravity clustering (Gerstein et al. 1985)were evaluated for their ability to detect synchronous cell assemblies from simulated spike train data. The two methods were first analyzed for their temporal sensitivity to synchronous cell assemblies. The presented approach places a lower bound on the amount of data required to detect a synchronous assembly. On average, both methods required the same minimum amount of recording time to detect significant pairwise correlations, but the gravity method exhibited less variance in the recording time. The precise length of recording depends on the consistency with which a neuron fires synchronously with the assembly but was independent of the assembly firing rate. Next, the statistical methods were tested with respect to their ability to differentiate two distinct assemblies that overlapped in time and space. Both statistics could adequately differentiate two overlapping synchronous assemblies. For cross-correlation, this ability deteriorates quickly when considering three or more simultaneously active, overlapping assemblies, whereas the gravity method should be more flexible in this regard. The work demonstrates the difficulty of detecting assembly phenomena from simultaneous neuronal recordings. Other statistical methods and the detection of other types of assemblies are also discussed.
Products of two-sorted structures

First order properties of direct products and direct sums (weak direct products) of relational systems have been studied extensively. For example, in Feferman and Vaught [3] an effective procedure is given for reducing such properties of the product to properties of the factors, and thus in particular elementary equivalence is preserved. We consider here two-sorted relational systems, with the direct product and sum operations keeping one of the sorts stationary. (See Feferman [4] for a similar definition of extensions.) These considerations are motivated by the example of direct products and sums of modules [8], [9]. In [9] examples are given to show that the direct product of two modules (even having only a finite number of module elements) does not preserve two-sorted (even universal) equivalence for any finite or infinitary language Lκ, λ. So we restrict attention here to direct powers and multiples (many copies of one structure). Also in [9] it is shown (for modules, but the proofs generalize immediately to two-sorted structures with a finite number of relations) that the direct multiple operation preserves first order ∀E-equivalence and the direct power operation preserves first order ∀-equivalence. We show here that these results for general two-sorted structures in a finite first order language are, in a sense, best-possible. Examples are given to show that does not imply , and that does not imply .
Acquired hemophilia with inhibitors presenting as an emergency: misinterpretation of clotting results during direct oral anticoagulation.

BACKGROUND Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were recently introduced and are being increasingly prescribed. Most DOACs alter the values of traditional coagulation tests, such as the international normalized ratio (INR) or the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Although vitamin K antagonists raise the INR value to an extent that mirrors their anticoagulant effect, DOACs do not, in general, alter standard clotting values in any consistent way. Thus, there is a risk that abnormal INR and aPTT values can be misinterpreted. CASE ILLUSTRATION A woman taking rivaroxaban, a DOAC, presented with ileus and was scheduled for urgent surgery. A prolonged aPTT was, at first, wrongly attributed to rivaroxaban, delaying the correct diagnosis of autoantibody-associated acquired hemophilia (a rare condition with incidence, 1.34-1.48 cases per million people per year). The patient had a history of unusually intense bleeding in the skin and mucous membranes during anticoagulant treatment. Her aPTT had been prolonged even before any anticoagulants were taken. COURSE The operation was delayed to await the elimination of rivaroxaban. The aPTT was still prolonged 24 hours later. The diagnosis of autoantibody-associated acquired hemophilia was suspected and then confirmed by the measurement of a factor VIII residual activity of 1% and the demonstration of factor VIII inhibition at an intensity of 9.2 Bethesda units per mL. CONCLUSION The causes of abnormal clotting test results must be clarified before beginning anticoagulant therapy. Unusually intense bleeding during oral anticoagulation should arouse suspicion of a previously undiagnosed acquired coagulopathy, e.g., antibody-associated acquired hemophilia.
Improved Receding Horizon Fourier Analysis for Quasi-periodic Signals

In this paper, an efficient short-time Fourier analysis method for the quasi-periodic signals is proposed via an optimal fixed-lag finite impulse response (FIR) smoother approach using a receding horizon scheme. In order to deal with time-varying Fourier coefficients (FCs) of quasi-periodic signals, a state space model including FCs as state variables is augmented with the variants of FCs. Through an optimal fixed-lag FIR smoother, FCs and their increments are estimated simultaneously and combined to produce final estimates. A lag size of the optimal fixed-lag FIR smoother is chosen to minimize the estimation error. Since the proposed estimation scheme carries out the correction process with the estimated variants of FCs, it is highly probable that the smaller estimation error is achieved compared with existing approaches not making use of such a process. It is shown through numerical simulation that the proposed scheme has better tracking ability for estimating time-varying FCs compared with existing ones.
Social determinants of alcohol consumption: the effects of social interaction and model status on the self-administration of alcohol.

R. Lorraine Collins State University of New York at Stony Brook George A. Parks and G. Alan Marlatt University of Washington Two studies were conducted to assess variables related to the social determinants of alcohol consumption. In Study 1, moderate- and heavy-drinking male under- graduates were paired with confederates who behaved in a sociable or unsociable manner while modeling either light or heavy consumption. Modeling occurred in the sociable conditions but not in the unsociable conditions, where subjects tended to drink heavily. In Study 2, a similar group of subjects was exposed to one of three social status conditions crossed with light versus heavy consumption. The results indicated a modeling effect in all social status conditions. These studies provide further support for the existence of a modeling effect that can be disrupted by a lack of rapport between drinking partners. This latter finding has implications for the etiology of problem drinking because it suggests that increased alcohol consumption may serve as a strategy for coping with aversive social interactions. Initial research on the effect of modeled consumption rates on social drinking (Caudill & Marlatt, 1975) suggested that heavy-drink- ing men tended to match the consumption of their drinking partner whether his con- sumption was heavy or light. Subsequent examinations of this phenomenon replicated these findings in laboratory analogue drinking tasks such as the taste-rating task (Cooper, Waterhouse, & Sobell, 1979; Hendricks, So- bell, & Cooper, 1978; Lied & Marlatt, 1979; Watson & Sobell, 1982), natural bar settings (Reid, 1978), and seminaturalistic bar settings (Caudill & Lipscomb, 1980). Much of the research concerning the mod- eling of alcohol consumption has focused on manipulating characteristics of the model, including the nature of the social interaction between the model and the subject. The effects of manipulating social interaction are unclear. In the Caudill and Marlatt study, model's drinking rate (light vs. heavy) and a
Review of Trends in Cholera

Cholera is not only a matter of developing countries but also of developed ones. Its causative agent is toxigenic V.cholerae having a filamentous bacteriophage (CTXI¦) cause cholera. It finds mostly in bile aquatic surroundings. This disease spreads through contaminated water and food materials. Oral rehydration is enough as treatment for cholera dehydration. Its cases may depend upon season, climate and distance of refuse dumps.
Performance of concatenated FEC under fading channel in wireless-MAN OFDM system

The forward error correction (FEC) code in IEEE 802.16a OFDM mode deals with six mandatory options for different data rates. Different from WLAN systems, IEEE 802.16a OFDM system incorporates Reed-Solomon (RS) encoder of (255,239,8) with convolutional encoder as a concatenated code. This paper presents the performances of the six mandatory options with concatenated code under fading channel. The RS encoder only and convolutional encoder only for FEC in the wireless-MAN OFDM system is also simulated to figure out the performance given by the concatenated code. As a more practical work, the packet detection, frequency offset estimation, frame synchronization, cyclic prefix estimation, and channel estimation of inner loop procedures, which deal with channel effects are already put into this design.
Artificial neural networks based incipient fault diagnosis for power transformers

Dissolved gas analysis is a most prevailing and effective condition monitoring tool now a days, used for the detection of incipient faults in the oil-immersed transformer in service, as it is highly sensitive to small amount of thermal and electrical faults. In this work, a system based on condition diagnosis is developed to combine two classical techniques for Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) assessment viz. Rogers ratios and Doernenburg ratios to form a third method i.e., combination of Doernenburg and Rogers ratios in order to have most appropriate method of DGA and to solve the conflict problems between the Doernenburg and Rogers ratios methods i.e., these two methods give two different output for the same input. In this study, Multi Layer Perceptron neural network (MLPNN) is used for faults classification using MATLAB platform. To test the proposed structure, training and then test the data which is taken from IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, IEC publication 60599. The other advantage of this approach is that it may be utilized for an automated diagnosis and can be practically applicable for real time application of power transformer. The diagnosis accuracies of MLP neural network Classifier are compared with various other soft computing methods like Fuzzy logic (FL), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), probabilistic neural network (PNN) and Radial basic function (RBF). The results obtained from tests gives indication that the pre-processing approach developed using MLPNN can significantly improve the diagnosis accuracies for incipient faults classification of power transformer.
Antigenemia is associated with low antibody response to carbohydrate determinants of a filarial surface antigen

The IgG response to a filarial surface antigen (DssdI) was evaluated in circulating antigen (Og4C3 test) positive and negative individuals from the Wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of Orissa, India. Circulating filarial antigen (CFA) positive individuals exhibited depressed antibody levels to DssdI and individuals with high antibody levels were invariably CFA negative. Low IgG levels to DssdI are associated with CFA positivity irrespective of microfilaraemia and clinical status. Thus asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals with antigen positivity exhibited low IgG levels similar to symptomatic (chronic filariasis with elephantiasis, hydrocele) or asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals with antigenemia. Western blot analysis revealed a band of approximately 210 kDa reactive with CFA‐negative, but not with CFA‐positive sera. DssdI was subjected to mild periodate oxidation to investigate the role of carbohydrate epitopes. The treatment considerably reduced the antigenic recognition of DssdI, stressing the immunodominance of carbohydrate residues of DssdI in infection‐free individuals. In contrast, individuals with active infection failed to produce such antibodies to filarial surface carbohydrates.
Linking lake white fi sh ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) condition with male gamete quality and quantity

a Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6 b Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Pfendler Hall, Purdue University, 715 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA c Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6 d Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Charlevoix Research Station, 96 Grant Street, Charlevoix, MI 49720, USA e Glenora Fisheries Station, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 41 Hatchery Lane, Picton, Ontario, Canada K0K 2T0 f Michigan State University – Upper Peninsula, 702, Chippewa Square, Marquette, MI 49855, USA g Chippewa Ottawa Resource Authority, Three Mile Road, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, USA h Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA i Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8
Individual Differences in Academic Growth: Do They Exist, and Can We Predict Them?

College admissions tests predict college performance well, particularly first year grade point average (GPA; Kuncel, Hezlett, & Ones, 2001, 2004). However, noncognitive measures may add to the incremental validity of cognitive measures in that they will assess a broader range of college performance dimensions and reduce racial subgroup differences in performance. Beyond predicting first year GPA, no studies, to our knowledge, have addressed patterns of academic growth across time. This paper reports data that demonstrate individual differences in academic growth patterns and variables that predict them. Results indicate that noncognitive predictors add to the prediction of GPA beyond traditional college admissions tests for our sample of freshmen students. Implications for student affairs professionals are discussed.
CHARACTERIZING MAGNETIZED TURBULENCE IN M51

We use previously published high-resolution synchrotron polarization data to perform an angular dispersion analysis with the aim of characterizing magnetized turbulence in M51. We first analyze three distinct regions (the center of the galaxy, and the northwest and southwest spiral arms) and can clearly discern the turbulent correlation length scale from the width of the magnetized turbulent correlation function for two regions and detect the imprint of anisotropy in the turbulence for all three. Furthermore, analyzing the galaxy as a whole allows us to determine a two-dimensional Gaussian model for the magnetized turbulence in M51. We measure the turbulent correlation scales parallel and perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field to be, respectively, δ‖ = 98 ± 5 pc and δ⊥ = 54 ± 3 pc, while the turbulent-to-ordered magnetic field strength ratio is found to be Bt/B0 = 1.01 ± 0.04. These results are consistent with those of Fletcher et al., who performed a Faraday rotation dispersion analysis of the same data, and our detection of anisotropy is consistent with current magnetized turbulence theories.
Development of a MEMS Plate Based on Thin-Film Piezoelectric AlN Actuators for Biological Applications

This paper presents the development of a lab-on-chip system based on the use of local vibrations to mechanically stimulate biological materials. It reports on the development and characterization of a piezoelectric actuators driven system designed to operate in liquid media. The microfluidic packaging of the Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) is first presented. Then, electromechanical measurements done to calibrate our system are compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. These results are the first steps for implementation of piezoelectric MEMS to study mechanical response of biological cells at the population level.
Knowledge Management Success or Failure - What Determines the Performance of a KM-Initiative?

While the importance of Knowledge Management (KM) initiatives is obvious today, successfully implementing KM initiatives still poses a challenge. In this contribution we argue that an overview and integration of existing knowledge about success factors is missing and is part of the problem. Consequently we show the results of a literature review on KM success factor literature. Out of 180 publications that deal with success factors, we determined the nine most relevant publications that can be seen as representative. Homogenizing the nine different publications’ terminology, we identified twelve commonly used success factors and elaborate their interpretation with respect to their contribution to KM success. As a first, qualitative step towards showing the dependency between the twelve success factors we propose to arrange them in a three-dimensional model.
Electrotransformation of whole cells of brevibacterium sp r312 a nitrile hydratase producing strain construction of a cloning vector

A rapid and effective method is described for electroporation of Brevibacterium sp. R312, a coryneform strain producing nitrile hydratase and amidase. The transformation efficiency of the method is 108 transformants per μg of plasmid under optimal conditions. Parameters optimised included field strength (11.8 kV cm−1), pulse length (2.4 ms), plasmid DNA concentration (0.25 μg ml−1 and cell density (1010 cells ml−1). Surprisingly, the transformation efficiency did not vary with the growth stage, in contrast to results in the literature. A shuttle vector was constructed containing several unique cloning sites down-stream of the SP6 RNA polymerase promoter.
Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for systemic lupus erythematosus.

CONTEXT Manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may in most patients be ameliorated with medications that suppress the immune system. Nevertheless, there remains a subset of SLE patients for whom current strategies are insufficient to control disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of intense immunosuppression and autologous hematopoietic stem cell support in patients with severe and treatment-refractory SLE. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A single-arm trial of 50 patients with SLE refractory to standard immunosuppressive therapies and either organ- or life-threatening visceral involvement. Patients were enrolled from April 1997 through January 2005 in an autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) study at a single US medical center. INTERVENTIONS Peripheral blood stem cells were mobilized with cyclophosphamide (2.0 g/m2) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (5 microg/kg per day), enriched ex vivo by CD34+ immunoselection, cryopreserved, and reinfused after treatment with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) and equine antithymocyte globulin (90 mg/kg). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary end point was survival, both overall and disease-free. Secondary end points included SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), serology (antinuclear antibody [ANA] and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA), complement C3 and C4, and changes in renal and pulmonary organ function assessed before treatment and at 6 months, 12 months, and then yearly for 5 years. RESULTS Fifty patients were enrolled and underwent stem cell mobilization. Two patients died after mobilization, one from disseminated mucormycosis and another from active lupus after postponing the transplantation for 4 months. Forty-eight patients underwent nonmyeloablative HSCT. Treatment-related mortality was 2% (1/50). By intention to treat, treatment-related mortality was 4% (2/50). With a mean follow-up of 29 months (range, 6 months to 7.5 years) for patients undergoing HSCT, overall 5-year survival was 84%, and probability of disease-free survival at 5 years following HSCT was 50%. Secondary analysis demonstrated stabilization of renal function and significant improvement in SLEDAI score, ANA, anti-ds DNA, complement, and carbon monoxide diffusion lung capacity adjusted for hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS In treatment-refractory SLE, autologous nonmyeloablative HSCT results in amelioration of disease activity, improvement in serologic markers, and either stabilization or reversal of organ dysfunction. These data are nonrandomized and thus preliminary, providing the foundation and justification for a definitive randomized trial. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00271934.