Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Perceived Demands of CrossFit

The feats of the best CrossFit® athletes are showcased in the CrossFit® Games. Currently fitness benchmarks have yet to be summarized to determine a profile of CrossFit® Games athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine a performance profile of the 2013 male CrossFit® Games athletes using available fitness data. The top 30 participants were split into the top 10 (T10), middle 10 (M10) and bottom 10 (B10) competitors in order to stratify comparisons between accomplished athletes. Seven documented, traditional fitness benchmarks were analyzed for each group and included: clean and jerk, snatch, deadlift, back squat, 400 m sprint, 5 k run and max number of pull-ups. These benchmarks were also divided into aerobic (5K run and max pull-ups) or anaerobic (all others) categories. A one way ANOVA and independent T-Test comparisons (p ≤ 0.007) between groups were employed. For each group the number of tests they performed highest in (vs. the other groups) was depicted as a percent. No significant difference was found among the groups for any benchmark. However, the T10 bested 57.14%, M10 28.57% and B10 14.29% of the seven benchmarks. Interestingly, B10 surpassed M10 (but not T10) in 71.43% of the benchmarks. Of the fitness tests T10 won out,
Evolving Monte-Carlo Tree Search Algorithms

Monte-Carlo tree search is a recent and powerful algorithm that has been applied with success to the game of Go. Combining it with heuristics for the early development of nodes with few samples makes it even stronger. We use Genetic Programming to evolve such heuristics. The heuristics discovered by Genetic Programming outperform UCT and RAVE. Our Genetic Programming system computes the ﬁtness using a Swiss tournament, and it selects valid individuals.
Continuous and Discontinuous Cigarette Smoke Exposure Differentially Affects Protective Th1 Immunity against Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the leading cause of death due to a bacterial pathogen. Emerging epidemiologic evidence suggests that the leading risk factor associated with TB mortality is cigarette smoke exposure. Despite this, it remains poorly understood what is the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on anti-TB immunity and whether its potential detrimental effect can be reversed by cigarette smoking cessation. In our current study, we have investigated the impact of both continuous and discontinuous cigarette smoke exposure on the development of anti-mycobacterial type 1 immunity in murine models. We find that while continuous cigarette smoke exposure severely impairs type 1 immunity in the lung, a short-term smoking cessation allows rapid restoration of anti-mycobacterial immunity. The ability of continuous cigarette smoke exposure to dampen type 1 protective immunity is attributed locally to its affects on innate immune cells in the lung. Continuous cigarette smoke exposure locally, by not systemically, impairs APC accumulation and their production of TNF, IL-12, and RANTES, blunts the recruitment of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells to the lung, and weakens the formation of granuloma. On the other hand, smoking cessation was found to help restore type 1 immunity by rapidly improving the functionality of lung APCs, enhancing the recruitment of CD4+IFN-γ+ T cells to the lung, and promoting the formation of granuloma. Our study for the first time demonstrates that continuous, but not discontinuous, cigarette smoke exposure severely impedes the lung expression of anti-TB Th1 immunity via inhibiting innate immune activation and lung T cell recruitment. Our findings thus suggest cigarette smoking cessation to be beneficial to the control of pulmonary TB.
Social event discovery by topic inference

With the keen interest of people for social media sharing websites the multimedia research community faces new challenges and compelling opportunities. In this paper, we address the problem of discovering specific events from social media data automatically. Our proposed approach assumes that events are conjoint distribution over the latent topics in a given place. Based on this assumption, topics are learned from large amounts of automatically collected social data using a LDA model. Then, event distribution estimation over a topic is solved using least mean square optimization. We evaluate our methods on locations scattered around the world and show via our experimental results that the proposed framework offers promising performance for detecting events based on social media.
Pathfinding Errors of Corticospinal Axons in Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule-Deficient Mice

The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a cell recognition molecule of the Ig superfamily implicated in cell migration, myelination, and synaptic plasticity, as well as elongation, fasciculation, and pathfinding of axons. Here, we used NCAM-deficient mice to investigate the role of NCAM in the development of the corticospinal tract. We demonstrate severe hypoplasia of the corticospinal tract in adult NCAM mutants. Anterograde tracing of the tract of early postnatal NCAM mutants revealed pronounced pathfinding errors of corticospinal axons. At the pyramidal decussation of mutant mice, some corticospinal axons either stayed ventrally and extended laterally, or axons turned dorsally, but instead of growing to the contralateral dorsal column, a significant fraction of axons projected ipsilaterally. We also observed that corticospinal axons of NCAM mutants entered the pyramidal decussation significantly later than axons of wild-type littermates. Our observations thus demonstrate a critical role of NCAM for the formation of this major axon tract.
Reconsideration of discrepancies between clinical and histopathological features in acute eosinophilic pneumonia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a very rare condition, with only one paper published so far discussing histopathological findings at surgical biopsy. In that paper, AEP is considered to be an acute and proliferative stage of DAD accompanied by eosinophilia. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute interstitial pneumonia, and acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which, unlike AEP are mostly life-threatening diseases, also exhibit DAD. AEP also presents with severe hypoxia but rapidly improves on treatment with corticosteroids alone, without subsequent fibrosis. In contrast, the other above-mentioned diseases with the same histopathology show greatly different clinical courses. The reasons for these differences remain unclear. METHODS Here we investigated the histopathology of AEP in 2 surgical lung biopsy and 14 transbronchial lung biopsy cases. Additionally, we determined the presence or absence of different phases of DAD by histopathology in these AEP cases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Characteristic histopathological findings of AEP consist of alveolar edema with infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes and edema of perivascular area and interlobular septa. The alveolar spaces showed fibrinous exudates. There were no hyaline membranes or massive intraluminal fibrosis. These histopathological findings of interstitial edema and fluid exudates are consistent with radiological findings of lung edema and can explain the rapid and complete improvement.Because AEP does not exhibit lung fibrosis histopathologically, it should not to be included in DAD which is associated with lung fibrosis.
Animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: the hope for etiological discovery and pharmacological cure.

At present, six groups of chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) are described. Among these, group 1 (and 1') comprises a group of diverse diseases termed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that have several pathophysiological, histological, and prognostic features in common. PAH is a particularly severe and progressive form of PH that frequently leads to right heart failure and premature death. The diagnosis of PAH must include a series of defined clinical parameters, which extend beyond mere elevations in pulmonary arterial pressures and include precapillary PH, pulmonary hypertensive arteriopathy (usually with plexiform lesions), slow clinical onset (months or years), and a chronic time course (years) characterized by progressive deterioration. What appears to distinguish PAH from other forms of PH is the severity of the arteriopathy observed, the defining characteristic of which is "plexogenic arteriopathy. " The pathogenesis of this arteriopathy remains unclear despite intense investigation in a variety of animal model systems. The most commonly used animal models ("classic" models) are rodents exposed to either hypoxia or monocrotaline. Newer models, which involve modification of classic approaches, have been developed that exhibit more severe PH and vascular lesions, which include neointimal proliferation and occlusion of small vessels. In addition, genetically manipulated mice have been generated that have provided insight into the role of specific molecules in the pulmonary hypertensive process. Unfortunately, at present, there is no perfect preclinical model that completely recapitulates human PAH. All models, however, have provided and will continue to provide invaluable insight into the numerous pathways that contribute to the development and maintenance of PH. Use of both classic and newly developed animal models will allow continued rigorous testing of new hypotheses regarding pathogenesis and treatment. This review highlights progress that has been made in animal modeling of this important human condition.
Fangorn: A System for Querying very large Treebanks

The efficiency and robustness of statistical parsers has made it possible to create very large treebanks. These serve as the starting point for further work including enrichment, extraction, and curation: semantic annotations are added, syntactic features are mined, erroneous analyses are corrected. In many such cases manual processing is required, and this must operate efficiently on the largest scale. We report on an efficient web-based system for querying very large treebanks called Fangorn. It implements an XPath-like query language which is extended with a linguistic operator to capture proximity in the terminal sequence. Query results are displayed using scalable vector graphics and decorated with the original query, making it easy for queries to be modified and resubmitted. Fangorn is built on the Apache Lucene text search engine and is available under the Apache License.
Shar-pei mediates cell proliferation arrest during imaginal disc growth in Drosophila

During animal development, organ size is determined primarily by the amount of cell proliferation, which must be tightly regulated to ensure the generation of properly proportioned organs. However, little is known about the molecular pathways that direct cells to stop proliferating when an organ has attained its proper size. We have identified mutations in a novel gene, shar-pei, that is required for proper termination of cell proliferation during Drosophila imaginal disc development. Clones of shar-pei mutant cells in imaginal discs produce enlarged tissues containing more cells of normal size. We show that this phenotype is the result of both increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. Hence, shar-pei restricts cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. By contrast, shar-pei is not required for cell differentiation and pattern formation of adult tissue. Shar-pei is also not required for cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation, indicating that the mechanisms directing cell proliferation arrest during organ growth are distinct from those directing cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation. shar-pei encodes a WW-domain-containing protein that has homologs in worms, mice and humans, suggesting that mechanisms of organ growth control are evolutionarily conserved.
Individual Differences in Notetaking, Summarization, and Learning from Lectures

This study investigated working memory, verbal ability, and prior knowledge as predictors of the quality of: (a) students' notes taken during a lecture; (b) summaries of the lecture written during a review period; and (c) recall of the lecture content. The usefulness of taking notes was considered in terms of quality of summarization and recall of the lecture material for three groups of students who: (a) listened to the lecture, took notes, and reviewed those notes; (b) listened to the lecture and reviewed a set of provided notes; or (c) listened to the lecture, took notes, and then reviewed a set of provided notes. Results indicated that students with higher working memory benefit more from listening to the lecture than listening and taking notes. However, the quality of summaries written was a more powerful predictor of performance than the individual differences students' brought to the task. This study extends previous studies by integrating summarization and lecture learning research and providing new insight into the role of notetaking and its relationship to working memory.
An Ontology-Based Framework for Bridging Learning Design and Learning Content

The paper describes an ontology-based framework for bridging learning design and learning object content. In present solutions, researchers have proposed conceptual models and developed tools for both of those subjects, but without detailed discussions of how they can be used together. In this paper we advocate the use of ontologies to explicitly specify all learning designs, learning objects, and the relations between them, and show how this use of ontologies can result in more effective (semi-)automatic tools and services that increase the level of reusability. We first define a three-part conceptual model that introduces an intermediate level between learning design and learning objects called the learning object context. We then use ontologies to facilitate the representation of these concepts: LOCO is a new ontology based on IMS-LD, ALOCoM is an existing ontology for learning objects, and LOCO-Cite is a new ontology for the learning object contextual model. We conclude by showing the applicability of the proposed framework in a use case study.
Prevalence of Cytomegalovirus in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Northern Iran

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating disease known as one of the most common neurological dysfunctions in young adults. Recent studies suggest that infections with herpesviruses play a critical role in the pathogenesis of MS. Objectives The present investigation aimed to detect the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in patients with MS using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. Patients and Methods Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from MS patients (n = 82) and from blood donors as control group (n = 89). They were tested for the presence of CMV antibodies and DNA by ELISA and PCR, respectively. Results Anti-CMV was positive in 65 (79.3%) and 69 (77.5%) of the MS patients and healthy subjects, respectively (P= 0.853). Similarly, 23 (28%) and 2 (2.2%) patients were positive for CMV DNA among the MS and control groups, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of CMV DNA in the MS patients was significantly higher than in the healthy controls (P < 0.001). Conclusions The results of this study showed a possible association between CMV infection and MS. Further experimental and epidemiological studies using case-control approaches are needed to confirm this association.
PwHAP5, a CCAAT-binding transcription factor, interacts with PwFKBP12 and plays a role in pollen tube growth orientation in Picea wilsonii

The HAP complex occurs in many eukaryotic organisms and is involved in multiple physiological processes. Here it was found that in Picea wilsonii, HAP5 (PwHAP5), a putative CCAAT-binding transcription factor gene, is involved in pollen tube development and control of tube orientation. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR showed that PwHAP5 transcripts were expressed strongly in germinating pollen and could be induced by Ca2+. Overexpression of PwHAP5 in pollen altered pollen tube orientation, whereas the tube with PwHAP5RNAi showed normal growth without diminishing pollen tube growth. Furthermore, PwFKBP12, which encodes an FK506-binding protein (FKBP) was screened and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay performed to confirm the interaction of PwHAP5 and PwFKBP12 in vivo. Transient expression of PwFKBP12 in pollen showed normal pollen tube growth, whereas the tube with PwFKBP12RNAi bent. The phenotype of overexpression of HAP5 on pollen tube was restored by FKBP12. Altogether, our study supported the role of HAP5 in pollen tube development and orientation regulation and identified FKBP12 as a novel partner to interact with HAP5 involved in the process.
Contribution of the voluntary sector to mental health crisis care in England: protocol for a multimethod study

Introduction Timely access to the right kind of support for people experiencing a mental health crisis can be problematic. The voluntary sector (VS) plays a key role in providing support and enabling access, but there is a knowledge gap concerning its contribution and interface with public services in mental health crisis care. This study aims to address this. Methods and analysis The study has three empirical elements: (1) a national survey of voluntary sector organisations (VSOs) in England and national stakeholder interviews to develop a typology of organisations and interventions provided by VSOs; (2) detailed mapping of VS services in two regions through interviews and extending the national survey; (3) four case studies, identified from the regional mapping, of VS mental health crisis services and their interface with National Health Service (NHS) and local authority services, at both a system and individual level. Data collection will involve interviews with commissioners; VSO and NHS or local authority providers; and focus groups with people who have experience of VSO crisis support, both service users and carers; and mapping the crisis trajectory of 10 service users in each study site through narrative interviews with service users and informal carers to understand the experience of VSO crisis care and its impact. Ethics and dissemination The University of Birmingham Humanities and Social Sciences Ethical Review Committee granted ethical approval (reference ERN_16–1183) for the national and regional elements of the study. Ethical review by the Health Research Authority will be required for the case study research once the sites have been identified from the first two elements of the study. A range of methods including a policy seminar, publication in academic journals and a tool kit for commissioners and practitioners will be produced to maximise the impact of the findings on policy and practice.
Emergence of the Third Age

Scott A. Bass is Dean of the Graduate School and Vice Provost for Research at the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) and Distinguished Professor of Sociology and Policy Sciences. He has published extensively in the area of aging and social policy, including a 1995 edited volume supported by the Commonwealth Fund, Older and Active (Yale University Press). Dr. Bass was Founding Director of the Gerontology Institute and Center at the University of Massachusetts Boston. He can be contacted care of the Graduate School, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 (E-mail: bass@umbc.edu).
Vocabulary development in children with Down syndrome: Longitudinal and cross-sectional data

Abstract Background Research findings on vocabulary development1 in children with Down syndrome are inconsistent. This study aimed to analyse the developmental trend of vocabulary growth in children with Down syndrome and the relationships between vocabulary and chronological and developmental age. Method Children's vocabulary size was assessed by a parental report (the Italian version of the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories [CDI]). A longitudinal study, involving 18 children with Down syndrome, and a cross-sectional study, involving 27 children with Down syndrome, were conducted. Results The variability in children's vocabulary size increased from a chronological age of 36 months. Both vocabulary size (from 36 months) and developmental level (from 42 months) were significant predictors of lexical outcomes at 48 months. A comparison with normative data showed that children with Down syndrome had a significantly lower vocabulary size than typically developing children at the same developmental age. Conclusion Although there are similarities with vocabulary growth in typically developing children, lexical development in children with Down syndrome appears to lag behind their cognitive development.
A personification heuristic Genetic Algorithm for Digital Microfluidics-based Biochips Placement

A personification heuristic Genetic Algorithm is established for the placement of digital microfluidics-based biochips, in which, the personification heuristic algorithm is used to control the packing process, while the genetic algorithm is designed to be used in multi-objective placement results optimizing. As an example, the process of microfluidic module physical placement in multiplexed in-vitro diagnostics on human physiological fluids is simulated. The experiment results show that personification heuristic genetic algorithm can achieve better results in multi-objective optimization, compare to the parallel recombinative simulated annealing algorithm. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i6. 2667 Full Text: PDF
A Fast SINS Initial Alignment Scheme for Underwater Vehicle Applications

To achieve high Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) alignment accuracy within a short period of time is still a challenging issue for underwater vehicles. In this paper, a new SINS initial alignment scheme aided by the velocity derived from Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) is proposed to solve this problem. In the stage of the coarse alignment, the velocity of DVL is employed to reduce the impact of the linear motion. With a backtracking framework, the fine alignment runs with the data recorded during the process of the coarse alignment and thus will speed up the overall alignment process. In addition, by using this new scheme, it is equivalent to length the alignment time for both coarse and fine alignments, so the accuracy of the alignments will be improved. In order to reduce the volume of the data that has to be recorded, a new model for SINS fine alignment is derived in the inertial reference frame which makes it feasible for real time applications. The experimental results are presented for both unaided static and in-motion alignment using DVL aiding. It is clearly shown that the proposed method meets the requirement of SINS alignment for underwater vehicles.