Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of REM sleep theta activity in emotional memory

While non-REM (NREM) sleep has been strongly implicated in the reactivation and consolidation of memory traces, the role of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep remains unclear. A growing body of research on humans and animals provide behavioral evidence for a role of REM sleep in the strengthening and modulation of emotional memories. Theta activity—which describes low frequency oscillations in the local field potential within the hippocampus, amygdala and neocortex—is a prominent feature of both wake and REM sleep in humans and rodents. Theta coherence between the hippocampus and amygdala drives large-scale pontine-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, the density of which predicts increases in plasticity-related gene expression. This could potentially facilitate the processing of emotional memory traces within the hippocampus during REM sleep. Further, the timing of hippocampal activity in relation to theta phase is vital in determining subsequent potentiation of neuronal activity. This could allow the emotionally modulated strengthening of novel and gradual weakening of consolidated hippocampal memory traces during REM sleep. Hippocampal theta activity is also correlated with REM sleep levels of achetylcholine - which is thought to reduce hippocampal inputs in the neocortex. The additional low levels of noradrenaline during REM sleep, which facilitate feedback within the neocortex, could allow the integration of novel memory traces previously consolidated during NREM sleep. We therefore propose that REM sleep mediates the prioritized processing of emotional memories within the hippocampus, the integration of previously consolidated memory traces within the neocortex, as well as the disengagement of consolidated neocortical memory traces from the hippocampus.
Categorial Fluidity in Chinese and its Implications for Part-of-speech Tagging

This paper discusses the theoretical and practical concerns in part-of-speech (POS) tagging for Chinese. Unlike other languages such as English, Chinese lacks morphological marking in association with categorial alternations. We consider such categorial fluidity a continuum, and any categorial shift a transition, with special focus on the verb-noun shift. Preliminary observations are reported on this phenomenon from empirical data, and we suggest that POS tagging should not only be theoretically valid but also sufficiently capture the extent of categorial fluidity as reflected by the data.
TESTING FOR SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET

Sexual discrimination in invitation to job interview was tested by a controlled experimental method of send ing carefully-matched pairs of letters in response to newspaper adver tisements-one from a female and one from a male applicant. On 363 of the occasions, when invitations were issued, the applicants were trea ted equally, but there were 144 occasions of differential treatment. Females encountered discrimination 40 percent more frequently than ma les. Discrimination against females was statistically significant for the data in aggregate and for two of the seven occupations involved- gardener and computer analyst-programmer. Copyright 1987 by Blackwell Publishers Ltd/University of Adelaide and Flinders University of South Australia
Team Sports and the Theory of Deliberate Practice

Two studies tested the theory of deliberate practice (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch-Romer, 1993) and contrasted results with the sport commitment model (Scanlan, Carpenter, Schmidt, Simons, & Keeler, 1993a, 1993b). In Part I, international, national, and provincial soccer and field hockey players recalled the amount of time they spent in individual and team practice, sport-related activities, and everyday activities at the start of their career and every 3 years since. In Part II, these activities were rated in terms of their relevance for improving performance, effort and concentration required, and enjoyment. A monotonic relationship between accumulated individual plus team practice and skill level was found. In contrast with Ericsson et al.’s (1993) findings for musicians, relevant activities were also enjoyable, while concentration became a separate dimension from effort. The viability of a generalized theory of expertise is discussed.
Realizing the full potential of electronic health records: the role of natural language processing

Meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) for patient care or for research requires data to be comparable. Many portions of EHRs continue to be unstructured, presenting significant challenges for biomedical informatics. This issue of the journal displays several solutions to this problem that are based on natural language processing (NLP) techniques. A high-level review by Nadkarni ( see page 544 ) is intended to introduce the main components of NLP for the novice, and to briefly describe machine learning methods that are successfully being employed in the field. It includes a discussion on Watson, a contestant on ‘Jeopardy! ,’ a popular question-and-answer TV show, and the ensuing speculations about its potential extensions to medical NLP. However, despite some notable examples of successful NLP applications in clinical care, progress in the field has been relatively slow. Chapman and colleagues ( see page 540 ) discuss the need to steer current NLP research efforts so that new developments can be accelerated, and research products can become readily usable in healthcare applications. The authors advocate for a concerted, collaborative effort to develop open-source software components and infrastructure to share annotated data and tools. The guest editorial raises important questions …
Characterization of the fast skeletal troponin C ( TNNC2 ) gene in three Chinese native sheep breeds

Fast skeletal muscle troponin C (TNNC2) protein plays a critical role in skeletal muscle contraction and has been proposed to be involved in meat quality traits in farm animals. Here, we report the cloning of the gene TNNC2 from native Chinese sheep. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene TNNC2 contains a putative open reading frame of 483 base pair, encoding a protein of 160 amino acids. We employed the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis to study the relationship between the TNNC2 gene polymorphisms and meat quality traits. A single site mutation (T/ −) was detected in the first intron, which created three genotypes TT (T/ T), TD (T/ −) and DD (−/ −). Compared with the DD and TD genotypes, the genotype TT conferred lower in carcass weight (P<0.05), longissimus thoracis et lumborum shear force (P<0.05) and drip loss rate (P<0.05), and higher in pH value (P<0.01) and marbling score (P<0.01). The results indicated that the allele T had positive effects on tenderness and marbling score, and suggest that the allele could be used as a molecular marker to study the meat quality in sheep.
Pink Dollars, White Collars: Queer as Folk, Valuable Viewers, and the Price of Gay TV

Using the American series Queer as Folk (QAF) as a lens into queer televisual representation, this article undertakes a political economic analysis of the show's production and combines it with existing textual analyses of the series, in order to argue that the quest for “valuable” demographics privileges viewers—gay and straight—with access to race, class, and male privilege, and leads to whitewashed representations of affluent, gender normative, gays and lesbians. Seeking to explore the implications of such claims, I take up Fejes’s (2000) notation that “the media [are] part of the larger social process of creating identities for lesbians and gays” and offer a qualitative analysis of audience research involving a small sample of avid Canadian viewers of QAF. Among these viewers, white, middle-class, gay, and questioning men were most likely to validate, experience, and forge personal and collective gay identities in relation to the series. That is to say, those non-heterosexual viewers most likely to be deemed valuable by Viacom were best able to validate existing gay identities and “come out” in relation to QAF. This research points to the ways in which gays, lesbians, and queers who fall outside of demographics assessed as “valuable” may continue to be excluded from popular representation and the apparently validating experience of consuming commodified versions of “oneself” on television.
Domain specificity of trilingual teachers' verbal self-concepts

Teachers from Hong Kong (N = 437) responded to English, math, Cantonese, and Mandarin self-concept items. Confirmatory factor analysis found good support for the distinction of 4 domain-specific self-concepts. English self-concept had a low correlation with Mandarin self-concept (r = .09) and a negative correlation with Cantonese self-concept (r = -.19). Cantonese and Mandarin, which presumably pertain to a single Chinese language domain, were also negatively correlated (r = -.11). These very low correlations did not allow the 3 language constructs to form a single verbal factor. The results challenge the assumption of a single verbal self-concept construct for speakers of multiple languages. For trilinguals, the verbal self-concept constructs can be very distinct and unrelated to each other.
Some remarks on equilibria in semi-Markov games

This paper is a first study of correlated equilibria in nonzerosum semi-Markov stochastic games. We consider the expected average payoff criterion under a strong ergodicity assumption on the transition structure of the games. The main result is an extension of the correlated equilibrium theorem proven for discounted (discrete-time) Markov games in our joint paper with Raghavan. We also provide an existence result for stationary Nash equilibria in the limiting average payoff semi-Markov games with state independent and nonatomic transition probabilities. A similar result was proven for discounted Markov games by Parthasarathy and Sinha.
An analysis of online customer complaints: implications for Web complaint management

How businesses resolve customer-complaining behavior effectively has been considered a "defensive marketing" strategy or a "zero-defections" strategy, which diminishes customer dissatisfaction. Handling customer dissatisfaction accompanies Web customer complaint management, which might be the critical issue for online customer service solutions and e-CRM (electronic customer relationship management). In this paper; the authors (1) investigate the current sources and causes of online complaints; (2) seek effective ways of handling customer complaints by examining different product types; and (3) provide guidelines for successful e-CRM. 1000 customer complaints from three different publicized e-business customer service centers and 500 complaints from online feedback systems were analyzed in this study. The research findings suggest that e-businesses should (1) provide excellent online customer services because customer service is the most important factor in online customer satisfaction; (2) respond to customers' requests/complaints quickly because the response speed is more important in online customer satisfaction than offline; and (3) employ strategies that are appropriate for the product category in question.
Managing the Bologna Process at the European Level: institution and actor dynamics

This article analyses the work of the Bologna Follow Up Group as the main institution of the Bologna Process and the perceptions of the policy actors involved concerning the character of the process in terms of its functioning in contrast to similar multi-level multi-actor European processes, its modes of communication and consensus seeking, as well as its effectiveness in terms of policy formation and implementation. It argues that the Bologna Process is a unique multi-level multi-actor process shaped by its informality, the actors' political commitment and the participation of stakeholders. Its format seems to be more effective and suitable for purposes of policy formation than for those of policy monitoring or coordination of implementation.
The Impact Of Portfolio Assessment On Iranian EFL Students’ Essay Writing: A Process-Oriented Approach

This study investigates the impact of portfolio assessment as a process-oriented assessment mechanism on Iranian EFL students’ English writing ability. Sixty one students of similar writing ability were chosen as the participants of this study. They were divided into two groups. The experimental group received the treatment i.e. portfolio assessment while the control group underwent the traditional assessment. The results of data analysis revealed that the students in the portfolio assessment group outperformed the students in the control group in their overall writing ability and in the sub-skills of focus, elaboration, organization and vocabulary. To triangulate the quantitative data, students' views and reflections about portfolio assessment were elicited via semi-structured interviews. The qualitative data underwent thematic analysis and the major extracted themes were discussed. The findings suggest that portfolio assessment empowers students' learning of English writing, hence emphasizing the formative potential of portfolio assessment in EFL classes. The results have some implications for teaching and assessment of L2 writing.
Countertransference reactions to lesbian clients: The role of homophobia, counselor gender, and countertransference management.

This study examined (a) male and female counselors' countertransference (CT) reactions to lesbian and heterosexual client actresses and (b) the role of counselor homophobia and CT management ability in CT reactions. Sixty-seven counselors viewed a videotaped client actress in 1 of 2 conditions : lesbian or heterosexual. The client discussed sexual problems within a stable relationship. Counselors responded to the taped client at 8 points. CT, the dependent variable, was assessed at behavioral, affective, and cognitive levels. Contrary to prediction, counselors did not exhibit more CT with a lesbian client. As hypothesized, (a) counselor homophobia correlated with counselor avoidance behavior in the lesbian condition and (b) female counselors had greater recall problems than male counselors with the lesbian client, whereas male and female counselors had equivalent recall with the heterosexual client. CT management ability was uncorrelated with CT reactions in all but a few instances.
Beyond-brand effect of television food advertisements on food choice in children: the effects of weight status

Abstract Objective To investigate the effect of television food advertising on children’s food intake, specifically whether childhood obesity is related to a greater susceptibility to food promotion. Design The study was a within-subject, counterbalanced design. The children were tested on two occasions separated by two weeks. One condition involved the children viewing food advertisements followed by a cartoon, in the other condition the children viewed non-food adverts followed by the same cartoon. Following the cartoon, their food intake and choice was assessed in a standard paradigm. Setting The study was conducted in Liverpool, UK. Subjects Fifty-nine children (32 male, 27 female) aged 9–11 years were recruited from a UK school to participate in the study. Thirty-three children were normal-weight (NW), 15 overweight (OW) and 11 obese (OB). Results Exposure to food adverts produced substantial and significant increases in energy intake in all children (P < 0·001). The increase in intake was largest in the obese children (P = 0·04). All children increased their consumption of high-fat and/or sweet energy-dense snacks in response to the adverts (P < 0·001). In the food advert condition, total intake and the intake of these specific snack items correlated with the children’s modified age- and gender-specific body mass index score. Conclusions These data suggest that obese and overweight children are indeed more responsive to food promotion, which specifically stimulates the intake of energy-dense snacks.
A Fast Detection Algorithm of Cooperative Object Corners Based on SIFT Partition Bidirectional Matching

A challenging task of airborne operations remains the landing on the carrier deck, which limits the carrier operational efficiency during rough sea. Although existing corners detection algorithm can work well without consideration of scale and orientation distortion in cooperative object, extracting corners of cooperative object at the condition of scale distortion and orientation distortion even needs more to considerate. To solve this problem, this paper presents a novel approach for UAV's automatic landing on the ship's deck. We present the design of the cooperative object and then extract the corners of cooperative object based on Scale-invariant feature transform partition bidirectional matching. Firstly, SIFT features of cooperative object are extracted from the reference image and real-time image respectively. Based on this, the strategy of partition bidirectional matching is used to eliminate the error matched points. At last, the corners of cooperative object in real-time image can be obtained through calculating the affine transformation between reference image and the real-time image. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is not only accurate and robust, but also feasible for real-time applications.
Estimation of program reverse semantic traceability influence at program reliability with assistance of object-oriented metrics

In article the approach to the estimation of program reverse semantic traceability (RST) influence on program reliability with assistance of object-oriented metrics is proposed. In order to estimate reasonability of RST usage it is naturally to define how it influences on major adjectives of software development project: project cost, quality of the developed application, etc.
Fuzzy Attribution Styles

This study introduced, and provided the first evidence for, the notion that people possess more or less fuzzy attribution styles and that the degree of fuzziness affects important work variables (e.g., occupational self-efficacy and political skill). Field theory was used to explain how fuzzy attribution styles might arise. Contributions of this study, its practical implications, directions for future research, and strengths and limitations were discussed.
Identification of a 467 bp Promoter of Maize Phosphatidylinositol Synthase Gene (ZmPIS) Which Confers High-Level Gene Expression and Salinity or Osmotic Stress Inducibility in Transgenic Tobacco

Salinity and drought often affect plant growth and crop yields. Cloning and identification of salinity and drought stress inducible promoters is of great significance for their use in the genetic improvement of crop resistance. Previous studies showed that phosphatidylinositol synthase is involved in plant salinity and drought stress responses but its promoter has not been characterized by far. In the study, the promoter (pZmPIS, 1834 bp upstream region of the translation initiation site) was isolated from maize genome. To functionally validate the promoter, eight 5′ deletion fragments of pZmPIS in different lengths were fused to GUS to produce pZmPIS::GUS constructs and transformed into tobacco, namely PZ1–PZ8. The transcription activity and expression pattern obviously changed when the promoter was truncated. Previous studies have demonstrated that NaCl and PEG treatments are usually used to simulate salinity and drought treatments. The results showed that PZ1–PZ7 can respond well upon NaCl and PEG treatments, while PZ8 not. PZ7 (467 bp) displayed the highest transcription activity in all tissues of transgenic tobacco amongst 5′ deleted promoter fragments, which corresponds to about 20 and 50% of CaMV35S under normal and NaCl or PEG treatment, respectively. This implied that PZ7 is the core region of pZmPIS which confers high-level gene expression and NaCl or PEG inducible nature. The 113 bp segment between PZ7 and PZ8 (-467 to -355 bp) was considered as the key sequence for ZmPIS responding to NaCl or PEG treatment. GUS transient assay in tobacco leaves showed that this segment was sufficient for the NaCl or PEG stress response. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the 113 bp sequence may contain new elements that are crucial for ZmPIS response to NaCl or PEG stress. These results promote our understanding on transcriptional regulation mechanism of ZmPIS and the characterized PZ7 promoter fragment would be an ideal candidate for the overexpression of drought and salinity responsive gene to improve crop resistance.
Automatic Answer Typing for How-Questions

We introduce an answer typing strategy specific to quantifiable how questions. Using the web as a data source, we automatically collect answer units appropriate to a given how-question type. Experimental results show answer typing with these units outperforms traditional fixedcategory answer typing and other strategies based on the occurrences of numerical entities in text.
A Comparative Study of Software Architectures for Embedded Mission Critical Applications

A real-time system should operate correctly within deadlines. A failure in response will lead to loss of human life or a big damage to the property. The systems are sometimes considered only mission critical, with mission being very expensive. A Mission Critical System needs study real time software which is highly complex and is vital for the success of the mission. The mission capability depends on this software and proves catastrophic in case of any failure. The software design of real-time system is very complex. To keep in pace with today's modern computing technology the real-time software should adopt new software design methodologies. This paper brings out a comparison of various design methodologies that has evolved over time. The shortcomings of each method to satisfy the requirements of real-time system and the need for a generalized approach as Design patterns.
Vitality and Interest-Enjoyment as a Function of Class-to-Class Variation in Need-Supportive Teaching and Pupils' Autonomous Motivation.

In 2 quasi-experimental field studies in a real-life physical education (PE) setting, the authors investigated whether the interest--enjoyment and vitality of Greek pupils (age range, 10-12 years) varied from class to class as a function of the class-to-class variation in the manipulated motivational environment (Studies 1 and 2) and pupils' relative autonomous motivation (Study 2). In Study 1, multilevel analyses showed at the within-student level that students (N = 138, 48.6% boys and 51.4% girls) reported, on average, more interest? enjoyment and vitality after a need-supportive, relative to a typical (i.e., control group), PE class. This main effect was replicated in Study 2 (N = 155, 53.6% boys and 46.4% girls), and Study 2 findings further showed at the between-student level that interest--enjoyment was somewhat higher among pupils scoring higher in relative autonomous motivation. Moreover, Study 2 provided evidence for an interaction effect such that pupils with high, as compared with those with low, relative autonomous motivation benefited significantly more from a need-supportive class. Perceived need support was found to fully explain the effects of manipulated need support on interest-enjoyment and vitality. Results are discussed within the self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000).