Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TCP Performance Analysis over Aggressive Physical Carrier Sensing Based Wireless Local Area Networks

Aggressive physical carrier sensing (PCS), which improves the spatial reuse efficiency by shrinking the PCS range, is a promising technique to scale high density wireless local area networks (WLANs). Although the aggressive PCS can improve the throughput in MAC layer due to enabling more simultaneous transmissions, it results in serious frame loss rate caused by hidden terminal problems. TCP congestion control is loss sensitive, and thus high frame loss rate degrades TCP throughput seriously. In this paper, we propose an analytical model to investigate the TCP performance with aggressive PCS, and based on the proposed model the TCP throughput is expressed as a function with respect to the PCS threshold. Numerical results show that MAC throughput efficient PCS starves the TCP throughput, and thus we should not adjust the PCS threshold to maximize the MAC capacity in TCP based applications. In addition, extensive experimental results based on StarEast testbed are given to validate the analysis.
Air Temperature Error Correction Based on Solar Radiation in an Economical Meteorological Wireless Sensor Network

Air temperature (AT) is an extremely vital factor in meteorology, agriculture, military, etc., being used for the prediction of weather disasters, such as drought, flood, frost, etc. Many efforts have been made to monitor the temperature of the atmosphere, like automatic weather stations (AWS). Nevertheless, due to the high cost of specialized AT sensors, they cannot be deployed within a large spatial density. A novel method named the meteorology wireless sensor network relying on a sensing node has been proposed for the purpose of reducing the cost of AT monitoring. However, the temperature sensor on the sensing node can be easily influenced by environmental factors. Previous research has confirmed that there is a close relation between AT and solar radiation (SR). Therefore, this paper presents a method to decrease the error of sensed AT, taking SR into consideration. In this work, we analyzed all of the collected data of AT and SR in May 2014 and found the numerical correspondence between AT error (ATE) and SR. This corresponding relation was used to calculate real-time ATE according to real-time SR and to correct the error of AT in other months.
Distributed adaptive search method for Genetic Algorithm controlled by fuzzy reasoning

In this paper, we proposed FASPGA based on diversity measure (DM-FASPGA) and FASPGA based on evolution history (EH-FASPGA) as the improvement method of fuzzy adaptive search method for parallel genetic algorithm (FASPGA). In DM-FASPGA, genetic parameters is tuning by fuzzy rule based on diversity of sub-population. Many kinds of diversity measure parameters are imported into the fuzzy rule. And in EH-FASPGA, we imported the evolution history information for improving the accuracy to estimate the evolution degree. Simulation results are also further presented to show the effectiveness and performance of method we proposed in this paper.
Echocardiographic determination of stroke volume during rapid atrial pacing and volume loading in normal rats.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to validate echocardiographic assessment of acute changes of left ventricular stroke volume in normal rats. METHODS By transthoracic use of a 7.5 MHz ultrasonic transducer, the left ventricular dimensions were determined before and during rapid atrial pacing and saline infusion in seven Wistar rats weighing 310-470 g. Left ventricular volume was calculated from short axis dimensions according to a cube function formula. Echo stroke volume (SVE) was then compared with that obtained simultaneously using a pulsed Doppler flow meter placed around the ascending aorta (SVF). RESULTS The SVE (ml) was decreased from 0.30(SD 0.12) to 0.13(0.06) by rapid pacing and increased from 0.27(0.12) to 0.63(0.16) by volume loading. Regression analysis showed high correlations between SVE and SVF during both pacing (r = 0.84) and infusion (r = 0.91) studies. Furthermore, correlations between SVE and SVF in individual animals were very close (r = 0.87-0.99 in the pacing study and 0.92-0.99 in the volume study). Interobserver and intraobserver variances were small, with close correlations (r = 0.96-0.99) and modest standard errors of the estimate (0.02-0.04 ml) between the two measurements. CONCLUSIONS Echocardiography allows reliable in vivo measurement of cavity dimensions and assessment of acute alterations in stroke volume in normal rats.
Optimization of Conditions for Cyanidin-3-O-Glucoside (C3G) Nanoliposome Production by Response Surface Methodology and Cellular Uptake Studies in Caco-2 Cells

We aimed to optimize the formulation of C3G nanoliposomes using response surface methodology. Additionally, we evaluated the stability, particle change, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of C3G nanoliposomes under different temperatures and storage durations, as well as in simulated gastrointestinal juice (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid. The morphology of C3G nanoliposomes was observed by transmission electron microscope. The ability of C3G nanoliposomes to affect cancer cell morphology and inhibit cancer cell proliferation was studied with Caco-2 cells. Reverse-phase evaporation method is a simple and efficient method for liposome preparation. The optimal preparation conditions for this method were as follows: C3G concentration of 0.17 mg/mL, phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol ratio of 2.87, and rotary evaporation temperature of 41.41 °C. At optimal conditions, the particle size and EE of the C3G nanoliposomes were 165.78 ± 4.3 nm and 70.43% ± 1.95%, respectively. The C3G nanoliposomes showed an acceptable stability in SGF at 37 °C for 4 h, but were unstable under extended storage durations and high temperatures. Moreover, our results showed that different concentrations of C3G nanoliposomes affected the morphology and inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 cells.
Effect of Fluoride-Modified Titanium Surface on Early Adhesion of Irradiated Osteoblasts

Objective. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of fluoride-modified titanium surface on adhesion of irradiated osteoblasts. Materials and Methods. Fluoride-modified surface was obtained and the morphology, roughness, and chemical composition of the surface were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The adhesion of irradiated osteoblast-like cells, in terms of number, area, and fluorescence intensity on the titanium surface, was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Results. Numerous nanosize pits were seen only in the F-TiO surface. The pits were more remarkable and uniform on F-TiO surface than on TiO surface; however, the amplitude of peaks and bottoms on F-TiO surface appeared to be smaller than on TiO surface. The Sa value and Sdr percentage of TiO surfaces were significantly higher than those of F-TiO surface. The concentrations of main elements such as titanium, oxygen, and carbon were similar on both surfaces. The number of irradiated osteoblasts adhered on the control surface was larger than on fluoride-modified surface. Meanwhile, the cells on the fluoride-modified surface formed more actin filaments. Conclusions. The fluoride-modified titanium surface alters the adhesion of irradiated osteoblasts. Further studies are needed to investigate the proliferation, differentiation, maturation, gene expression, and cytokine production of irradiated osteoblasts on fluoride-modified titanium surface.
Competition, Inhibition, and Semantic Judgment Errors in Parkinson's Disease

Semantic processing errors are symptoms of an up-regulation (schizophrenia) or degradation (Parkinsonism) of dopaminergic pathways. A recent connectionist model attributed errors in the schizophrenic processing of context to increased gain in competitive neural processes. This study extends this "gain hypothesis" by comparing the sensitivity to reduced gain of a simulation of semantic route activation to characteristic semantic judgment errors made by Parkinson's patients in an open search task. Under normal gain conditions, the dominant sense of polysemous words "wins" through competition and lateral inhibition at the word sense level (beta(inh)). For words with very different sense frequencies, decreasing gain by increasing beta(inh) resulted in the dominant word sense winning; however, for words with similar sense frequencies, increasing beta(inh) resulted in the dominant word sense winning only for low to moderate values. At high levels, no clear winner emerged after 200 epochs, with the least dominant sense reaching the maximum activation value. These results are discussed in the context of the Yerkes-Dodson Law, which may provide a theoretical basis for understanding normal and impaired semantic performance in catecholaminergic disorders.
Space of Ricci Flows I

In this paper, we study the moduli spaces of m‐dimensional, κ‐noncollapsed Ricci flow solutions with bounded $\int |Rm|^{{m}/{2}}$ and bounded scalar curvature. We show a weak compactness theorem for such moduli spaces and apply it to study the estimates of isoperimetric constants, the Kähler‐Ricci flows, and the moduli spaces of gradient shrinking solitons. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Weightiness image partition in 3D face recognition

In this paper we present a novel algorithm suitable to improve the accuracy of 3D face recognition. In the proposed algorithm, we represent the 3D points by Point signatures and partition the facial data into fifteen regions according to ”three courtyards and five eyes” theory in pencil sketch on facial image in Chinese traditional art. Then in each partition we use ICA getting eigenvalues of feature and structure character and depth information to represent the 3D facial data. We assign different weightiness to each sub-image according to the result of sub-image variety. In order to match incomplete data under structural constraints, we proposed a reformative robust Structural Hausdorff Distance to handle these possible cases. Experiments on FRGC v2.0 data set show that the proposed algorithm is robust and effective to 3D face with expression, lighting and expression variance.
A Semiparametric Likelihood Approach to Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time‐to‐Event Data

Summary. Joint models for a time‐to‐event (e.g., survival) and a longitudinal response have generated considerable recent interest. The longitudinal data are assumed to follow a mixed effects model, and a proportional hazards model depending on the longitudinal random effects and other covariates is assumed for the survival endpoint. Interest may focus on inference on the longitudinal data process, which is informatively censored, or on the hazard relationship. Several methods for fitting such models have been proposed, most requiring a parametric distributional assumption (normality) on the random effects. A natural concern is sensitivity to violation of this assumption; moreover, a restrictive distributional assumption may obscure key features in the data. We investigate these issues through our proposal of a likelihood‐based approach that requires only the assumption that the random effects have a smooth density. Implementation via the EM algorithm is described, and performance and the benefits for uncovering noteworthy features are illustrated by application to data from an HIV clinical trial and by simulation.
A Space Vector PWM With Common-Mode Voltage Elimination for Open-End Winding Five-Phase Drives With a Single DC Supply

Open-end winding three-phase drive topologies have been extensively investigated in the last two decades. In the majority of cases supply of the inverters at the two sides of the winding is provided from isolated dc sources. Recently, studies related to multiphase open-end winding drives have also been conducted, using isolated dc sources at the two winding sides. This paper investigates for the first time a five-phase open-end winding configuration, which is obtained by connecting a two-level five-phase inverter at each side of the stator winding, with both inverters supplied from a common dc source. In such a configuration it is essential to eliminate the common-mode voltage (CMV) that is inevitably created by usual PWM techniques. Based on the vector space decomposition (VSD), the switching states that create zero CMV are identified and plotted. A space vector pattern with large redundancy of switching states is obtained. Suitable space vectors are then selected to realize the required voltage reference at the machine terminals with zero CMV. The large number of redundant states enables some freedom in the choice of switching states to impress these space vectors. Out of numerous possibilities, two particular switching sequences are chosen for further investigation. Both are implemented in an experimental setup, and the results are presented and discussed.
Traffic uncertainty models in network planning

In network planning one designs the network and its routing policies based on a "guesstimate" of the amount of traffic that might be routed through the network in the future. Clearly, not being able to foretell the future means that one of the biggest challenges in network planning is how to deal with traffic uncertainty. If not solved appropriately, the network operator has to resort to overprovisioning, which is costly. On a smaller timescale, traffic that is being routed through the network is generally stochastic in nature, which is also reflected in dynamically varying network parameters like available bandwidth and delay of links. In this article, we provide an overview of several traffic uncertainty models useful for network planning. Our focus is on offline approaches to network planning and online routing in stochastic networks. We conclude with some possible directions for future work.
A new ultra high speed 5-2 compressor with a new structure

This paper devotes to a new 5-2 compressor designed according to a new architecture with a pure Glitchless output. A considerable increase in the speed of the operation is achieved by utilizing a new truth table, fast production of signals Cout1 and Cout2, optimum tuning of the width of the utilizing transistors, and eliminating the parasitic capacitances through merging the drain of transistors. Additionally, the number of transistors used in this architecture (44) is less than the recent 5-2 compressors. The proposed structure's delay proved by the results of the simulations applied to Hspice software using standard TSMC 0. 18μm CMOS technology is about 155ps.
The hydrodynamic trails of Lepomis gibbosus (Centrarchidae), Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontidae) and Thysochromis ansorgii (Cichlidae) investigated with scanning particle image velocimetry

SUMMARY The hydrodynamic trails of fish belonging to the families Centrarchidae, Tetraodontidae and Cichlidae were investigated. Water movements were measured in six horizontal planes, spaced 10–12 mm apart, for up to 5 min after the passage of a fish, using a computer controlled array of modulated laser diodes. We measured continuously and non-continuously swimming fish. Water velocities decayed rapidly in the leading seconds after the passage of a fish, but could still be measured for a period considerably longer than that. In still water (median water velocity <0.5 mm s–1), the hydrodynamic trails of Lepomis gibbosus lasted for more than 5 min. The trails of Colomesus psittacus and Thysochromis ansorgii could be detected for more than 30 s and more than 3 min, respectively. The water disturbance left behind by these fish was sufficient to be sensed by a piscivorous predator at a distance where vision or hearing frequently fail. Acoustic stimuli estimated from a dipole model in a distance that would be covered by the tested fish in 1 min (4–25 m) were 1.5×10–7 to 3.1×10–10 m s–2, while the hearing threshold of a perch is three orders of magnitude above that. By contrast, the fish wakes after 1 min (except for one Colomesus wake) contained water velocities between 0.95 and 2.05 mm s–1, which are within the detection range of hydrodynamic sensory systems. The three species differed with respect to water velocities, the spatial extent of the fish-generated water disturbances and the structure of the wake.
State space sampling of feasible motions for high‐performance mobile robot navigation in complex environments

Sampling in the space of controls or actions is a well‐established method for ensuring feasible local motion plans. However, as mobile robots advance in performance and competence in complex environments, this classical motion‐planning technique ceases to be effective. When environmental constraints severely limit the space of acceptable motions or when global motion planning expresses strong preferences, a state space sampling strategy is more effective. Although this has been evident for some time, the practical question is how to achieve it while also satisfying the severe constraints of vehicle dynamic feasibility. The paper presents an effective algorithm for state space sampling utilizing a model‐based trajectory generation approach. This method enables high‐speed navigation in highly constrained and/or partially known environments such as trails, roadways, and dense off‐road obstacle fields. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total Generalized Variation

The novel concept of total generalized variation of a function $u$ is introduced, and some of its essential properties are proved. Differently from the bounded variation seminorm, the new concept involves higher-order derivatives of $u$. Numerical examples illustrate the high quality of this functional as a regularization term for mathematical imaging problems. In particular this functional selectively regularizes on different regularity levels and, as a side effect, does not lead to a staircasing effect.
S-nitrosoglutathione enhances neutrophil DNA fragmentation and cell death

Fortenberry, James D. , Marilyn L. Owens, and Lou Ann S. Brown. S-nitrosoglutathione enhances neutrophil DNA fragmentation and cell death. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 20): L435–L442, 1999. —Enhancing the clearance of neutrophils by enhancing apoptotic cell death and macrophage recognition may be beneficial in acute lung injury. Exogenous nitric oxide gas depresses neutrophil oxidative functions and accelerates cell death (A. H. Daher, J. D. Fortenberry, M. L. Owens, and L. A. Brown. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 16: 407–412, 1997). We hypothesized that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), a physiologically relevant nitric oxide donor, could also enhance neutrophil DNA fragmentation. Neutrophils were incubated for 2–24 h in the absence and presence of GSNO (dose range 0.1–5 mM) and evaluated for cell death by a fluorescent viability/cytotoxicity assay. Neutrophil DNA fragmentation was assessed by cell death detection ELISAand by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferasemediated fluorescence-labeled dUTP nick end labeling assay. Neutrophil oxidative function was also determined. Incubation with GSNO increased cell death at 2, 4, and 24 h. GSNO incubation for 24 h significantly increased DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent fashion at 0.5 (median 126% of control value; P 5 0.002) and 5 mM (185% of control value; P 5 0.002) by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated fluorescence-labeled dUTP nick end labeling and at 0.5 mM by ELISA (164% of control value; P 5 0.03). The apoptosis-to-total cell death ratio increased with increasing GSNO concentration (P , 0.05). Effects were mitigated by coincubation with superoxide dismutase. Five millimolar GSNO decreased overall superoxide generation and O2 consumption but not when adjusted for dead neutrophils. GSNO significantly enhances cell death and neutrophil DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent fashion.
Adaptation of Acidithiobacillus bacteria to metallurgical wastes and its potential environmental risks

Metallurgical wastes – oxygen converter sludge, dust from cast iron production, lead matte, and slag from recycling of used lead batteries – were treated with Acidithiobacillus bacteria. Bacterial activity and adaptability on waste and some waste mixtures were investigated. Acidithiobacillus bacteria may easily attack oxygen converter sludge, lead matte and slag and affect the mobility of metals. Cast iron dust is not a suitable substrate for applied bacteria due to the absence of reduced sulfur and reduced iron in its mineralogical composition. Nevertheless, the pure culture was able to adapt to the mixture of this waste with slag. Disposal of these metallurgical wastes deserves special attention due to potential attack by microorganisms and consequent pH changes. According to subsequent release of hazardous substances to the environment, this phenomenon can lead to evident environmental risks.
Resampling Effects on Significance Analysis of Network Clustering and Ranking

Community detection helps us simplify the complex configuration of networks, but communities are reliable only if they are statistically significant. To detect statistically significant communities, a common approach is to resample the original network and analyze the communities. But resampling assumes independence between samples, while the components of a network are inherently dependent. Therefore, we must understand how breaking dependencies between resampled components affects the results of the significance analysis. Here we use scientific communication as a model system to analyze this effect. Our dataset includes citations among articles published in journals in the years 1984–2010. We compare parametric resampling of citations with non-parametric article resampling. While citation resampling breaks link dependencies, article resampling maintains such dependencies. We find that citation resampling underestimates the variance of link weights. Moreover, this underestimation explains most of the differences in the significance analysis of ranking and clustering. Therefore, when only link weights are available and article resampling is not an option, we suggest a simple parametric resampling scheme that generates link-weight variances close to the link-weight variances of article resampling. Nevertheless, when we highlight and summarize important structural changes in science, the more dependencies we can maintain in the resampling scheme, the earlier we can predict structural change.