Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PMSM Sensorless Control by Injecting HF Pulsating Carrier Signal Into ABC Frame

Spatial-saliency-tracking-based high-frequency (HF) pulsating carrier injection method is widely employed in permanent-magnet synchronous machines sensorless control. In order to avoid the problems of long convergence time, potential start-up failure and limited system stability existing in tracking observers, a strategy to inject three HF pulsating voltages with different frequencies and amplitudes into ABC frame is proposed in this paper. With the proposed method, three frequency components in the response current signals are demodulated and then combined together to calculate the rotor position directly. Different from the conventional method, the proposed solution utilizes both d- and q-axis carrier current instead of only the q-axis carrier current to enhance the acquisition of the rotor position information. Meanwhile, a new signal processing strategy is developed to completely eliminate the effects of system delay. Furthermore, the compensation of cross-saturation effect is deduced in detail to improve the accuracy of rotor position estimation. In addition, magnetic polarity detection is implemented with the same proposed solution by demodulating the second harmonic components from the response current signals, which simplifies the magnetic polarity process. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can obtain an accurate rotor position with good steady-state and dynamic performance.
Motivated attention to cocaine and emotional cues in abstinent and current cocaine users – an ERP study

Event‐related potentials (ERPs) are a direct measure of neural activity and are ideally suited to study the time‐course of attentional engagement with emotional and drug‐related stimuli in addiction. In particular, the late positive potential (LPP) appears to be enhanced following cocaine‐related compared with neutral stimuli in human participants with cocaine use disorders (CUD). However, previous studies have not directly compared cocaine‐related with emotional stimuli while examining potential differences between abstinent and current cocaine users. The present study examined ERPs in 55 CUD (27 abstinent and 28 current users) and 29 matched healthy controls while they passively viewed pleasant, unpleasant, neutral and cocaine‐related pictures. To examine the time‐course of attention to these stimuli, we analysed both an early and later window in the LPP as well as the early posterior negativity (EPN), established in assessing motivated attention. Cocaine pictures elicited increased electrocortical measures of motivated attention in ways similar to affectively pleasant and unpleasant pictures in all CUD, an effect that was no longer discernible during the late LPP window for the current users. This group also exhibited deficient processing of the other emotional stimuli (early LPP window – pleasant pictures; late LPP window – pleasant and unpleasant pictures). Results were unique to the LPP and not EPN. Taken together, results support a relatively early attention bias to cocaine stimuli in cocaine‐addicted individuals, further suggesting that recent cocaine use decreases such attention bias during later stages of processing but at the expense of deficient processing of other emotional stimuli.
Engineering Psychophysiology: Issues and Applications

Contents: Preface. Part I: Issues. W. Boucsein, R.W. Backs, Engineering Psychophysiology as a Discipline: Historical and Theoretical Aspects. A.W. K. Gaillard, A.F. Kramer, Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Psychophysiological Research. J.F. Thayer, B.H. Friedman, The Design and Analysis of Experiments in Engineering Psychophysiological. H. Luczak, M. Gobel, Signal Processing and Analysis in Application. J. Fahrenberg, C.J.E. Wientjes, Recording Methods in Applied Environments. Part II: Applications. G. Mulder, L.J.M. Mulder, T.F. Meijman, J.B. P. Veldman, A.M. van Roon, A Psychophysiological Approach to Working Conditions. J.K. Lenneman, R.W. Backs, The Validity of Factor Analytically Derived Cardiac Autonomic Components for Mental Workload Assessment. A. Gundel, J. Drescher, J. Turowski, Alertness in Airline Pilots During Night Flights: Assessment of Alertness Using EEG Measures. M.H. Bonnet, D.L. Arand, The Effect of Naps and Caffeine on Alertness During Sleep Loss and Nocturnal Work Periods. J.A. Caldwell, Jr., J.L. Caldwell, Studying Pharmacological Performance Enhancement With Behavioral, Subjective, and Electroencephalographic Measures. M.W. Scerbo, F.G. Freeman, P.J. Mikulka, A Biocybernetic System for Adaptive Automation. G. Freude, P. Ullsperger, Slow Brain Potentials as a Measure of Effort? Applications in Mental Workload Studies in Laboratory Settings. E.J. Sirevaag, J.A. Stern, Ocular Measures of Fatigue and Cognitive Factors. W. Boucsein, The Use of Psychophysiology for Evaluating Stress-Strain Processes in Human-Computer Interaction. H. Luczak, J. Springer, Psychophysiological Analysis of Design Work: Ergonomic Improvements Derived From Stress-Strain Research. U. Lundberg, G. Johansson, Stress and Health Risks in Repetitive Work and Supervisory Monitoring Work. A. Yagi, Engineering Psychophysiology in Japan.
Paradox and Counterparadox: A New Model in the Therapy of the Family in Schizophrenic Transaction

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Working Method Chapter 3 The Couple and the Family in Schizophrenic Transaction Chapter 4 The Identified Patient Chapter 5 Therapeutic Interventions: A Learning Process Through Trial and Error Chapter 6 The Tyranny of Linguistic Conditioning Chapter 7 Positive Connotation Chapter 8 The Prescription in the First Session Chapter 9 Family Rituals Chapter 10 From Sibling Rivalry to Sibling Sacrifice Chapter 11 The Therapists Take Upon Themselves the Dilemma of the Relationship Between Parents and Child Chapter 12 Therapists Accept Without Objection a Questionable Improvement Chapter 13 How to Cope With the Absent Member Maneuver Chapter 14 Getting Around the Disconfirmation Chapter 15 The Problem of Secret Coalitions Chapter 16 The Therapists Declare Their Impotence Without Blaming Anyone Chapter 17 The Therapists Prescribe to Themselves the Ultimate Paradox Chapter 18 The Therapists Give Up the Parental Role, Paradoxically Prescribing It to the Members of The Last Generation
Subtractive hybridization – genetic takeaways and the search for meaning

Gene expression profiling relies on mRNA extraction from defined cell systems, which in the case of pathological processes necessarily results in the use of small quantities of tissues, sometimes as little as a few cells. This obviates the use of many systems of gene expression profiling and is best carried out using cDNA amplified by poly(A) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which is capable of generating material representative of all the expressed genes in samples as small as one cell. Analysis of this material using subtractive hybridization compares the genes expressed at different stages of a biological/pathological process allowing identification of the all the genes upregulated during the process. The identification of the genes present is not dependent on their prior description or on the choice of genes used in a screen and as such the method is ideal for identifying novel genes or unsuspected genes. We have used the method to identify genes involved in normal osteoblastic differentiation and in Paget's disease of bone and it has been widely used to study normal differentiation and pathological processes in a number of systems. The method, its applications and its relationship with the other methods of gene expression profiling are reviewed.
Predictors of cardiovascular prognosis in patients receiving optimized secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome

Background: After an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), optimal medical therapy (OMT) has been shown to be effective in reducing subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events. However, even in populations that reach recommended secondary prevention goals, there is a subset of patients that experience subsequent CV events. Aim: To identify biological or clinical predictors of residual risk of CV events in post-ACS patients receiving OMT. Patients and methods: A total of 990 post-ACS patients benefited from OMT (optimized treatment during the acute and chronic post-ACS phase, along with a therapeutic and dietary education programme). Traditional CV risk factors and atheroma disease markers (intima‐media thickness measurement, carotid atheroma, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) measured by ankle brachial index, and the number of coronary arteries with a >50% stenosis) were evaluated at 3 months post ACS. Cardiovascular events were recorded at follow up. Results: At 20-month follow up, >80% of the patients reached the recommended secondary prevention goals. In this population, diabetes was the only CV risk factor significantly associated with CV events in multivariate analysis including traditional risk factors (HR 1.61, p = 0.017). In multivariate analyses including CV risk factors and atheroma disease markers, only PAD remained significantly associated with CV events (HR 1.83, p = 0.04). The number of vascular beds involved was associated with poorer prognosis (HR for disease in 3-vascular-beds 3.85, p = 0.001, using disease in 1-vascular-bed as a reference group). Conclusion: In post-ACS patients with OMT, atheroma burden is a powerful prognostic marker of recurrent CV events, while diabetes remains the only independent marker of CV events among traditional CV risk factors.
Khat use is associated with increased response conflict in humans

Khat consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon broadening from Eastern Africa and the south west of the Arabian Peninsula to ethnic communities in the rest of the world. Only few studies have systematically looked into cognitive impairments in khat users. We studied whether khat use is associated with changes in the emergence and resolution of response conflict, a central cognitive control function.
FER Music Generation Music Auditory Augmented interaction Facial Expression Visual Emotion Processing

Empathy is a key component of interpersonal interactions that is often neglected by modern communication technologies. This paper presents the prototyping and initial testing of a device that enhances a person’s empathic sense. The system uses facial expression recognition to identify the emotional state of a user’s conversation partner. It algorithmically generates music in real-time to match the expressive state of the partner and plays the music to the user in a nondestructive manner. User testing indicates that the system can reliably generate music corresponding to the emotions of anger, happiness fear and sadness and that the presence of emotional music augments the emotional response generated by visual cues.
Decreased DNA repair rates and protection from heat induced apoptosis mediated by electromagnetic field exposure

In this study, we demonstrate that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure results in protection from heat induced apoptosis in human cancer cell lines in a time dependent manner. Apoptosis protection was determined by growing HL‐60, HL‐60R, and Raji cell lines in a 0.15 mT 60 Hz sinusoidal EMF for time periods between 4 and 24 h. After induction of apoptosis, cells were analyzed by the neutral comet assay to determine the percentage of apoptotic cells. To discover the duration of this protection, cells were grown in the EMF for 24 h and then removed for 24 to 48 h before heat shock and neutral comet assays were performed. Our results demonstrate that EMF exposure offers significant protection from apoptosis (P<.0001 for HL‐60 and HL‐60R, P<.005 for Raji) after 12 h of exposure and that protection can last up to 48 h after removal from the EMF. In this study we further demonstrate the effect of the EMF on DNA repair rates. DNA repair data were gathered by exposing the same cell lines to the EMF for 24 h before damaging the exposed cells and non‐exposed cells with H2O2. Cells were allowed to repair for time periods between 0 and 15 min before analysis using the alkaline comet assay. Results showed that EMF exposure significantly decreased DNA repair rates in HL‐60 and HL‐60R cell lines (P<.001 and P<.01 respectively), but not in the Raji cell line. Importantly, our apoptosis results show that a minimal time exposure to an EMF is needed before observed effects. This may explain previous studies showing no change in apoptosis susceptibility and repair rates when treatments and EMF exposure were administered concurrently. More research is necessary, however, before data from this in vitro study can be applied to in vivo systems. Bioelectromagnetics 23:106–112, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust Multiuser Automatic Modulation Classifier for Multipath Fading Channels

Automatic Modulation Classifier (AMC) is an important component of a Cognitive Radio (CR) architecture that helps in better utilization of the spectrum. AMC in literature is mostly developed for classifying the signal transmitted by a single user. Multiuser AMC, as the name suggests, simultaneously classifies signals transmitted by multiple users. In this paper we propose a fourth order cumulant based multiuser AMC that can perform well even in a multipath fading environment. A recursive blind multiuser channel estimation algorithm, which forms an integral part of the multiuser AMC, is also proposed. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the promising results yielded by the proposed algorithm.
RETALIATE: Learning Winning Policies in First-Person Shooter Games

In this paper we present RETALIATE, an online reinforcement learning algorithm for developing winning policies in team first-person shooter games. RETALIATE has three crucial characteristics: (1) individual BOT behavior is fixed although not known in advance, therefore individual BOTS work as "plugins", (2) RETALIATE models the problem of learning team tactics through a simple state formulation, (3) discount rates commonly used in Q-Iearning are not used. As a result of these characteristics, the application of the Q-learning algorithm results in the rapid exploration towards a winning policy against an opponent team. In our empirical evaluation we demonstrate that RETALIATE adapts well when the environment changes.
Whores in history : prostitution in western society

Blending social history and sexual politics, this book aims to retrieve prostitution from the hands of male writers who have defined the "oldest profession" from their own point of view as the client sex. The author challenges orthodox views on prostitutes and, in this narrative account, proclaims herself on the side of the unrepentant whore, the most maligned woman in history. From the high-ranking temple whores of Egypt and the courtesans of Greece and Rome, she tells the story of the prostitute with liberal quotations from contemporary sources and anecdotes of bawdy-house and brothel life. She shows how, in the Middle Ages, the Church exploited the sex industry to build churches out of the proceeds; she describes French brothels Italian and the Victorian denial of female sexuality and the double standards of conventional attitudes. In the 20th century section, the book gives whores their voice and describes whores' movements such as the English Collective of Prostitutes and the American COYOTE ("call off your old tired ethics"). The author also dissects feminist approaches to the subject and argues strongly in favour of decriminalization of prostitution and the sexual and financial autonomy of the whore.
The predictors of treatment outcome of cognitive behavior group therapy (STEPS) for adolescent girls after a single rape experience

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of treatment outcome of cognitive behavior group therapy (STEPS) for adolescent girls after a single rape experience. Methods: Sixty-two girls between the age of 13 and 18 participated in the STEPS treatment. One girl dropped out. Several self-report questionnaires (TSCC, CRTI, YSR/11-18) were filled out at pre- and post-treatment to determine the level of trauma-related symptoms. The efficacy of STEPS was investigated using a paired samples t-test. The possible predictors (Baseline score, perpetrator, physical violence, threat with a weapon and report to the police) were analysed using a hierarchical regression analysis. Results: A significant reduction of trauma-related symptoms was found from pre-treatment to post-treatment, with one exception (CBCL-YSR Externalizing). A higher baseline score predicted a relatively higher post-treatment score for the depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms, as well as the internalizing and externalizing problems and the total of emotional and behavioral problems. The experience of physical violence during the trauma predicted a better treatment outcome for anxiety symptoms and being threaten with a weapon predicted a less successful treatment outcome for depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms. A known or unknown perpetrator did not predict treatment outcome even as reporting the case to the police. Conclusion: There is a significant mean reduction of trauma-related symptoms after the STEPS treatment. Therefore individual girls should not be excluded from this treatment based on the outcome predictors found in this study. It is advised to monitor the girls at risk during treatment. higher pre-level on the subscales Internalizing problems, Externalizing problems and Total problems of the YSR predicts relatively higher scores at post-treatment as well. These results do not imply that the STEPS treatment is not appropriate for girls with higher pre-levels of trauma-related symptoms. The girls with higher baseline scores do benefit from treatment and show a reduction in trauma-related symptoms, but still report significantly higher levels of trauma-related symptoms after treatment compared to girls with a lower baseline score. It is possible that these girls need more treatment sessions than the eight sessions provided at this moment.
Does a nanomolecule of Carboplatin injected periocularly help in attaining higher intravitreal concentrations?

PURPOSE To compare intravitreal concentration (VC) of commercially available carboplatin (CAC) and the novel nanomolecule carboplatin (NMC), after periocular injection. METHODS The study was a comparative animal study involving 24 white Sprague-Dawley rats, aged between 6 weeks and 3 months. CAC was bound with a nanoparticulate carrier by co-acervation with a biocompatible and biodegradable protein BSA (bovine serum albumin). The particulate size, binding, and structure of the carrier was analyzed with dynamic light-scattering electron microscopy, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four white rats were anesthetized. The right eye of each rat was injected with periocular CAC (1 mL) and the left eye with NMC (1 mL) by a trained ophthalmologist. Four mice each were euthanatized at days 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 and both eyes were enucleated. The intravitreal concentrations of commercial carboplatin and nanomolecule carboplatin were determined with HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). Data were analyzed with the paired t-test. The main outcome measure was intravitreal concentrations CAC and NMC over time. RESULTS The NMC vitreal concentration was higher than the CAC concentrations in all animals, until day 7 (P = 0.0001). On days 14 and 21, the CAC vitreal concentration was higher than the NMC concentrations in all animals (P = 0.0002). Overall, the mean vitreal concentration of NMC was greater than CAC. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticulate-bound carboplatin has greater transscleral transport than commercially available carboplatin, especially in the first week after injection and may help enhance the proven adjuvant efficacy of periocular carboplatin over and above systemic chemotherapy in treating human retinoblastoma, especially those with vitreal seeds. This trial is being published to establish a proof of principle for this method of therapy.
Cirrhotic patients in the ICU: prognostic markers and outcome

Purpose of reviewGive an update on the importance of prognostic scores at admission to the ICU for defining short-term outcome in critically ill cirrhotic patients. Highlight the correlation between the development of sepsis and/or organ failure and outcome. Recent findingsICU mortality rate of cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU ranges from 34 to 69%. Few improvements in the management of these patients occurred during the last decade. Definitive treatment relies mainly on the availability of transplant organs. ICU scores (mainly Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score) when performed at admission or within 2–4 days from admission are superior to liver specific scores (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scores) to determine outcome. Cirrhotic patients with three or more organ failures have higher mortality then general ICU patients in the same condition. An attempt to define an entity called ‘acute on chronic liver failure’ that characterizes better those patients with worse outcomes according to the numbers of organ failures is currently undergoing. SummaryEarly referral of cirrhotic patients to ICU before the development of multiple extrahepatic organ failure is essential to improve outcome. Current scores should be used only for clinical trials and not to determine the potential futility or costs of an ICU admission.
Comparison of students from private and public schools on the spelling performance.

OBJECTIVE To compare the spelling ability of schoolchildren from the fourth to sixth grades of the elementary schools in the private and public schools of Bauru, São Paulo, and to verify whether errors are overcome as studies progress and the hierarchy of errors as to how often they occur. METHODS A dictation was applied to 384 schoolchildren: 206 from the private schools: 74 were at the fourth grade, 65 at the fifth grade, and 67 at the sixth grade; and 178 from the public schools; 56 at the fourth grade, 63 at the fifth grade, and 59 at the sixth grade of elementary school. Student's t test was used. RESULTS In comparison of total spelling errors score, difference was found among the fourth and sixth grades of the private and public schools. Spelling errors decreased as education progressed, and those related to language irregularities were more common. CONCLUSION Spelling ability and performance of students from the private and public schools are not similar in the fourth and sixth grades, but it is in the fifth grade. Spelling errors are gradually overcome as education progresses; however, this overcome rate was considerable between the fourth and fifth grades in the public schools. Decrease in the types of spelling errors follows a hierarchy of categories: phoneme/grapheme conversion, simple contextual rules, complex contextual rules, and language irregularities. Finally, the most common type of spelling error found was that related to language irregularities.