Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients according to their smoking status.

BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common form of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) of unknown etiology that often affects male, elderly smokers. However, it is sometimes observed in never smokers. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics of IPF in never-smoking patients compared with those in smoking patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed medical records, pulmonary function tests, and chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of never-smoking and smoking IPF patients from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2013 at our hospital. RESULTS We identified 32 never-smoking IPF patients and 66 smoking IPF patients. Never-smoking IPF patients developed more acute exacerbation (AE) than smoking IPF patients (50% vs. 18.2%, P<0.0001). The strongest predictor of AE in never-smoking IPF was modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) breathlessness scale [Hazards ratio (HR), 2.84, P=0.006]. The median survival time of never-smoking and smoking were 18.5 (0.1-138) and 26.3 (0.1-98.4) months, P<0.0001, respectively. The Cox proportional hazard model showed that 1-year mMRC breathlessness scale (HR, 3.24, P=0.001) and gender, age, and physiology (GAP) score (HR, 1.59, P=0.029) were strong predictors of mortality in never-smoking IPF patients at our hospital. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, never-smoking IPF patients developed AE more often and showed poor prognosis compared with smoking IPF patients. The 1-year mMRC breathlessness scale was an important predictor of mortality at our hospital.
The Dangerous Myth of the Star System

In recent years we have observed two parallel trends in computational linguistics research and e-commerce development. On the research side, there has been an increasing interest in algorithms and approaches that are able to capture the polarity of opinions expressed by users on products, institutions and services. On the other hand, almost all big e-commerce and aggregator sites are by now providing users the possibility of writing comments and expressing their appreciation with a numeric score (usually represented as a number of stars). This generates the impression that the work carried out in the research community is made partially useless (at least for economic exploitation) by an evolution in web practices. In this paper we describe an experiment on a large corpus which shows that the score judgments provided by users are often conflicting with the text contained in the opinion, and to such a point that a rule-based opinion mining system can be demonstrated to perform better than the users themselves in ranking their opinions.
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Problem Eating Behaviors Related to Social Factors and Body Weight in Preschool Children: a Longitudinal Study

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity and its association to eating patterns in adolescents and adults, little is known about the relationship between problematic eating behaviours and body weight in the preschool years within the context of various social factors. This research aims to analyze the relationship between social factors, mothers' perceptions of their child's eating behaviour (picky eating and overeating), and body weight in preschool years, in a population-based cohort of preschoolers from Québec (Canada).
The Enforcement of Norms: Group Cohesion and Meta-Norms

Group cohesion is generally thought to contribute to social order. One explanation for this correlation suggests that it can be attributed to higher rates of sanctioning found in solidary communities. In the present paper I suggest a mechanism that may be at least partially responsible for the relationship between group cohesion and sanctioning. I argue that ties among potential sanctioners and other nondeviant group members are key. The strength of these relationships affects the level of support that group members give to those who punish antisocial behavior, and in turn, influences the likelihood that such sanctioning will occur. Thus group cohesion affects punishment indirectly by increasing the rewards that are given to sanctioners. This increase in rewards then affects sanctioning decisions. I test these predictions using experimental methods. The results support the hypotheses.
Functional Analysis of the Final Steps of the 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) Pathway to Isoprenoids in Plants Using Virus-Induced Gene Silencing1

Isoprenoid biosynthesis in plant plastids occurs via the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway. We used tobacco rattle virus (TRV) to posttranscriptionally silence the expression of the last two enzymes of this pathway, the IspG-encoded (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate synthase (HDS) and the IspH-encoded isopentenyl/dimethylallyl diphosphate synthase (IDDS), as well as isopentenyl/dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI), the enzyme that interconverts IPP and DMAPP. TRV-IspG and TRV-IspH infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants had albino leaves that contained less than 4% of the chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments of control leaves. We applied [13C]DXP and [14C]DXP to silenced leaves and found that 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate accumulated in plants blocked at HDS while DXP, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl phosphate and (E)-2-methylbut-2-ene-1,4-diol accumulated in IDDS-blocked plants. Albino leaves from IspG- and IspH-silenced plants displayed a disorganized palisade mesophyll, reduced cuticle, fewer plastids, and disrupted thylakoid membranes. These findings demonstrate the participation of HDS and IDDS in the DXP pathway in plants, and support the view that plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis is metabolically and physically segregated from the mevalonate pathway. IDI-silenced plants had mottled white-pale green leaves with disrupted tissue and plastid structure, and showed an 80% reduction in pigments compared to controls. IPP pyrophosphatase activity was higher in chloroplasts isolated from IDI-silenced plants than in control plant chloroplasts. We suggest that a low level of isoprenoid biosynthesis via the DXP pathway can occur without IDI but that this enzyme is required for full function of the DXP pathway.
Discrimination in the restaurant industry

Considers the discrimination in various areas of the restaurant industry, looking first at the discrimination of the customer. Covers areas of race, sexual orientation and people with disabilities, citing case law as examples in each. Continues by covering the employees in relation to race, sex, gender and pregnancy. Outlines discrimination in advertising and suggests that education is the key to improvement.
Factors associated with nursing-home entry for elders in Manitoba, Canada.

BACKGROUND As the population ages, a greater demand for long-term care services and, in particular, nursing homes is expected. Policy analysts continue to search for alternative, less costly forms of care for the elderly and have attempted to develop programs to delay or prevent nursing-home entry. Health care administrators require information for planning the future demand for nursing-home services. This study assesses the relative importance of predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics in predicting and understanding nursing-home entry. METHODS Proportional hazard models, incorporating changes in needs over time, are used to estimate the hazard of nursing-home entry over a 5-year period, using health and sociodemographic characteristics of a representative sample of elderly residents from Manitoba, Canada. RESULTS After age, need factors have the greatest impact on nursing-home entry. Specific medical conditions have at least as great a contribution as functional limitations. The presence of a spouse significantly reduces the hazard of entry for males only. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the greatest gains in preventing or delaying nursing-home entry can be achieved through intervention programs targeted at specific medical conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, musculoskeletal disorders, and stroke.
Syncretic matching: story similarity between documents

In several document matching applications like comparing across judgments, patent claims or movie plots, conventional bag-of-words models are insufficient. Bag of words are useful for computing lexical similarity; while in this case, there is a need to understand similarity with respect to the underlying narrative or "story. " We call this the Syncretic matching problem. While bag-of-words can be enhanced by using techniques like dimensionality reduction or topic models, the syncretic matching problem is more involved. It requires modeling the underlying semantic "story" and comparing structural similarities across stories. In this paper, we address the problem of narrative similarity computation for given pair of input documents. The approach utilizes a general knowledge base in the form of a term co-occurrence graph (TCG) computed from all articles in Wikipedia, to help in creating a story model for comparison.
Research Paper Series Globalisation and Labour Markets Efficiency Wages and Unemployment in a Global Economy the Centre Acknowledges Financial Support from the Leverhulme Trust under Programme Grant F114/bf Efficiency Wages and Unemployment in a Global Economy

This paper considers trade in an asymmetric 2x2x2 world, the two countries being labelled America and Europe. In America, the labor market is perfectly competitive, with flexible wages ensuring full employment. Europe faces unemployment due to efficiency wages. We derive the conditions for there to be factor price equalization (FPE) in this world. It is shown that for every distribution of labor between the two countries, there exists a range of skill allocations leading to FPE. Focusing on the FPE case, we show that labor accumulation in either country decreases wage rates in both countries and increases both the level and the rate of unemployment in Europe. The magnitude of changes in all variables depends on where the labor accumulation occurs. In contrast, skill accumulation in either country benefits labor in both, and the magnitude of the effects is independent from where the skill accumulation occurs. Finally, the entry of newly industrialising countries into the world economy hurts labor in both countries. In all cases, the labor market outcomes in either country are determined by labor market institutions in both.
Lipid and Protein Oxidation in Newborn Infants after Lutein Administration

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that neonatal supplementation with lutein in the first hours of life reduces neonatal oxidative stress (OS) in the immediate postpartum period. Methods. A randomized controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was conducted among 150 newborns divided into control group, not supplemented (n = 47), and test group, supplemented with lutein on the first day postpartum (n = 103). Blood Samples were collected at birth from cord and at 48 hrs postpartum while routine neonatal metabolic screenings were taking place. Total hydroperoxide (TH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) were measured by spectrophotometry and data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test and by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results. Before lutein supplementation, the mean blood concentrations of AOPP, TH, and BAP were 36.10 umol/L, 156.75 mmol/H2O2, and 2361.04 umol/L in the test group. After lutein supplementation, significantly higher BAP increment (0.17 ± 0.22 versus 0.06 versus ± 0.46) and lower TH increment (0.46 ± 0.54 versus 0.34 ± 0.52) were observed in the test group compared to controls. Conclusion. Neonatal supplementation with lutein in the first hours of life increases BAP and reduces TH in supplemented babies compared to those untreated. The generation of free radical-induced damage at birth is reduced by lutein. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02068807.
Nonmonotonic Existential Rules for Non-Tree-Shaped Ontological Modelling

Description logic (DL) formalisms are extensively used for ontological modelling, e.g., in biology [16] and chemistry [19]. One such example is the ChEBI ontology [20] – a reference terminology adopted by various biological databases for chemical annotation [23,8,10]. Despite their wide range of expressive features, DLs are severely limited in their ability to represent structures that are not tree-shaped. This explains, e.g., why ChEBI does not capture molecular structures in its ontology, thus excluding its main content from logical reasoning. In order to overcome this deficiency, numerous rulebased extensions of DLs have been proposed that provide certain kinds of graph-based modelling, such as description graphs [27]. However, in order to retain decidability of description graphs several constraints are imposed, such as role separation restrictions and a cumbersome acyclicity condition, that restrict the range of structures that can be modelled and thus hinder practical usability [26]. Moreover, when performing structurebased classification a form of closed-world assumption is often needed to reason about the absence of structural features, e.g., to conclude that a molecule is inorganic if it does not contain carbon. Expressing completeness (closure) of finite structures in DLs is prohibitively inefficient, whereas nonmonotonic extensions of DLs remain largely unrealised in tools and applications [28]. This motivates the use of logical languages that draw upon rules enriched with nonmonotonic negation for the representation and classification of objects with a complex internal structure. Existential rules—function-free Horn rules with existential quantifiers in rule heads—have been proposed as a new expressive ontological language [6,2], and can be viewed as a restricted kind of logic programs with function symbols. Recent works have considered nonmonotonic rule-based ontology languages using stratified negation [5,26], stable model semantics [13], and well-founded semantics [17]. If we additionally remove the stratification requirement, then the resulting language allows for the accurate modelling of complex finite structures such as those found in ChEBI. Unfortunately, reasoning in these formalisms is computationally challenging. If negation is stratified, then all of these semantics agree, and programs have uniquely determined stable models; this is highly desirable and easy to check, but too restrictive for many applications. Moreover, even without negation, satisfiability, fact entailment,
Diagnosis tool for motor condition monitoring

In the modern industrial environment there is increasing demand for automatic condition monitoring. With reliable condition monitoring, faults such as mechanical motor failures could be identified in their early stages and further damage to the system could be prevented. Successful monitoring is a complex and application-specific problem, but a generic tool would be useful in preliminary analysis of new signals and in verification of known theories. A generic condition diagnosis tool is introduced in this paper. The tool is based on discriminative energy functions which reveal discriminative frequency-domain regions where failures can be identified. The tool was applied to induction motor bearing fault detection and succeeded in finding characteristic frequencies which allow accurate detection of bearing faults.
A salp bloom (Tunicata, Thaliacea) along the Apulian coast and in the Otranto Channel between March-May 2013

Between March-May 2013 a massive Salpa maxima bloom was recorded by a citizen science study along the Ionian and Adriatic coast of the Salento peninsula (Italy). Citizen records were substantiated with field inspections along the coast and during an oceanographic campaign in the Otranto Channel. Salps clogged nets, impairing fishing activities along the coast. Swimmers were scared by the gelatinous appearance of the salps, and thought they were jellyfish. At the end of the bloom the dead bodies of the colonies, that were up to 6-7 m long, were accumulated along the coast and stirred by the waves, forming foams along dozens of kilometers of coast. The bloom also occurred at the Tremiti Islands, north of the Gargano Peninsula. The possible impacts of such events on the functioning of pelagic systems are discussed.
A Network View on Interbank Market Freezes

We study the liquidity allocation among European banks around the Lehman insolvency using a novel dataset of all interbank loans settled via the Eurosystem's payment system TARGET2. Following the Lehman insolvency, lenders in the overnight segment become sensitive to counterparty characteristics and banks start hoarding liquidity by shortening the maturity of their interbank lending. This aggregate change in liquidity reallocation is accompanied by a substantial structural change that can best be characterized as a shrinking of the interbank network. Such a change in the network structure is consequential: banks with higher centrality within the network have better access to liquidity and are able to charge larger intermediation spreads. Therefore, we show the existence of a sizeable interbank lending channel.
Nativity intermarriage and mother-tongue shift

This study is concerned with the process of the continuation of unique language among native-born generations of immigrants in the United States. The author examines changes in language between generations in relation to linguistic and ethnic intermarriage. "The analysis based on 1976 Survey of Income and Education data shows that non-English languages disappear between generations as patterns of social interaction widen to include intimate associations outside of the non-English-language community and outside of the ethnic descent group. " (EXCERPT)
Evaluation of intranasal midazolam in refraction and fundus examination of young children with strabismus.

PURPOSE To determine the clinical sedative effect and dosage of intranasal midazolam in refraction and fundus examination of children with strabismus. PATIENTS AND METHODS Refraction and fundus examination with (n = 28) and without (n = 24) sedation were performed in 52 children with strabismus whose ages ranged from 7 to 26 months. We delivered a 5-mg/mL solution of midazolam via a syringe for 60 seconds to provide a dose of 0.2 mg/kg. We repeated the dose to a maximum of 0.3 mg/kg if there was no clinical sedative response after 10 to 15 minutes. The ease of examination and sedation for each patient was scored by a blinded observer. The groups were evaluated for ease of examination and the time needed to complete it. RESULTS We obtained clinically adequate sedation at a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 15 minutes (+/- 2.69 minutes). Sedation was achieved with a mean dose of 2.64 mg/kg (+/- 0.66 mg/kg). Children receiving midazolam had significantly calmer examination scores. The time needed to complete the examination was statistically significantly shorter for these children than for children not receiving sedation (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Intranasal midazolam is a beneficial drug and method of delivery for the sedation of anxious children with strabismus undergoing refraction and fundus examination. Sedation prior to examination is effective in reducing the anxiety and time associated with ophthalmologic examination of children with strabismus.
CUHK & ETHZ & SIAT Submission to ActivityNet Challenge 2016

This paper presents the method that underlies our submission to the untrimmed video classification task of ActivityNet Challenge 2016. We follow the basic pipeline of temporal segment networks and further raise the performance via a number of other techniques. Specifically, we use the latest deep model architecture, e.g., ResNet and Inception V3, and introduce new aggregation schemes (top-k and attention-weighted pooling). Additionally, we incorporate the audio as a complementary channel, extracting relevant information via a CNN applied to the spectrograms. With these techniques, we derive an ensemble of deep models, which, together, attains a high classification accuracy (mAP $93.23\%$) on the testing set and secured the first place in the challenge.
Interrogating translational efficiency and lineage-specific transcriptomes using ribosome affinity purification

Significance We developed reagents and approaches to pull down ribosome-associated RNAs from Cre-labeled cells. We show that this strategy is useful to probe cell type-specific gene expression and the extent of transcript binding to ribosomes. Transcriptional profiling is a useful strategy to study development and disease. Approaches to isolate RNA from specific cell types, or from specific cellular compartments, would extend the power of this strategy. Previous work has shown that isolation of genetically tagged ribosomes (translating ribosome affinity purification; TRAP) is an effective means to isolate ribosome-bound RNA selectively from transgene-expressing cells. However, widespread application of this technology has been limited by available transgenic mouse lines. Here we characterize a TRAP allele (Rosa26fsTRAP) that makes this approach more widely accessible. We show that endothelium-specific activation of Rosa26fsTRAP identifies endothelial cell-enriched transcripts, and that cardiomyocyte-restricted TRAP is a useful means to identify genes that are differentially expressed in cardiomyocytes in a disease model. Furthermore, we show that TRAP is an effective means for studying translational regulation, and that several nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes are under strong translational control. Our analysis of ribosome-bound transcripts also shows that a subset of long intergenic noncoding RNAs are weakly ribosome-bound, but that the majority of noncoding RNAs, including most long intergenic noncoding RNAs, are ribosome-bound to the same extent as coding transcripts. Together, these data show that the TRAP strategy and the Rosa26fsTRAP allele will be useful tools to probe cell type-specific transcriptomes, study translational regulation, and probe ribosome binding of noncoding RNAs.
Optimal $H_{\infty}$  Control Design and Implementation of Hard Disk Drives With Irregular Sampling Rates

Missing position error signal sampling data in hard disk drives (HDDs) results in their servo systems having irregular sampling rates (ISRs). With the natural periodicity of HDDs, which is related to the disk rotation, HDD servo systems with ISRs can be modeled as linear periodically time-varying systems. Based on our previous results, an explicit minimum entropy H∞ controller for HDD servos with ISRs via discrete Riccati equations is first obtained. The resulting controller is subsequently demonstrated to be periodically time-varying and implementable. Simulation and experimental studies, which have been carried out on a set of hard disk drives, demonstrate that the proposed control synthesis technique is able to handle ISRs and can be used to conveniently design a loop-shaping track-following servo that achieves the robust performance of a desired error rejection function for disturbance attenuation. Experimental results on ten actual 2.5" hard disk drives show around 27% improvement of the 3σ PES was obtained by the proposed control algorithm.
The Shaky Foundations of Some Management Training Models

A number of management training models use as their foundation some variables which are controversial. Perhaps the most commonly found basis, is the Initiating Structure and Consideration theory. (Fleishman et al., 1955). It forms the central support of such popular management models as the Managerial Grid (Blake and Mouton, 1964); the 3‐D Theory (Reddin, 1970); Contingency Theory (Fiedler, 1967); Life Cycle Model (Hersey and Blanchard, 1969); Path‐Goal Theory (House, 1971) and others.