Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Coastal Marine Fishes to Acidification, Hypoxia, and Warming

Ocean acidification may impact the fitness of marine fish, however, studies reporting neutral to moderate effects have mostly performed short-term exposures to elevated CO2, whereas longerterm studies across life stages are still scarce. We performed a CO2 exposure experiment, in which a large number (n > 2,200) of Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia offspring from wild spawners were reared for 135 days through their embryonic, larval, and juvenile stages under control (500 μatm) and high CO2 conditions (2,300 μatm). While survival was high across treatments, subtle but significant differences in length, weight, condition factor, and fatty acid composition were observed. On average, fish from the acidified treatment were 4% shorter and weighed 6% less, but expressed a higher condition factor than control juveniles. In addition, the metrics of length and weight distributions differed significantly, with juveniles from the high CO2 treatment occupying more extreme size classes and the length distribution shifting to a positive kurtosis. Six of 27 fatty acids differed significantly between treatments. Our results suggest that high CO2 conditions alter long-term growth in M. menidia, particularly in the absence of excess food. It remains to be shown whether and how these differences will impact fish populations in the wild facing size-selective predation and seasonally varying prey abundance.
Measurement of Wisdom among Mainland Chinese

Abstract (summary): Modern psychologists generally regard wisdom as mature understanding and conduct of life; however, most wisdom studies have been conducted in Western culture. Little is known about wisdom in other cultures, even though cultures may significantly shape the structure of wisdom; for example, Chinese culture emphasizes connections in society, nature, and universe more than Western culture does, thus the structure of wisdom among Mainland Chinese may differ from that of Westerners. We conducted three studies to find a proper measure/representation for wisdom among Mainland Chinese. In study 1, wisdom was measured by Ardelt’s self-report wisdom scale, but the three-dimensional wisdom structure was not found. In study 2, we identified five wisdom components from the implicit theory of wisdom among 100 Mainland Chinese. Most of these components corresponded to those identified in the implicit theory of wisdom among westerners; yet some of them were uniquely Chinese. The Mainland Chinese Wisdom Model was developed based on these five conceptual components. In study 3, a Mainland Chinese Wisdom Paradigm was developed based on the Mainland Chinese Wisdom Model and the Berlin Wisdom Paradigm (general and personal). The participants’ wisdom performance was videotaped and then rated on the Mainland Chinese and Berlin Wisdom criteria. Their videotaped facial expression was analyzed by software. The results revealed that our Chinese wisdom measurement is reliable and valid; the Berlin Wisdom rating and the Mainland Chinese Wisdom rating were highly consistent with each other; finally, the feeling of surprise may contribute to wisdom performance.
First Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Producing a KPC-Type Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing β-Lactamase

ABSTRACT In Medellin, Colombia, three Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with high-level carbapenem resistance (MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml) and an isolate of Citrobacter freundii with reduced susceptibility to imipenem produced the plasmid-mediated class A carbapenemase KPC-2. This is the first report of a KPC-type β-lactamase identified outside of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Physicians' beliefs in the assessment of work attribution when reporting musculoskeletal disorders.

BACKGROUND There is considerable uncertainty about work-relatedness and musculoskeletal disorders in general, and it is also not clear how physicians decide whether work has caused a disorder in an individual patient. AIMS To investigate physicians' beliefs about assessment of occupational attribution for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS A questionnaire survey was sent to 526 occupational physicians and 248 rheumatologists on: characteristics of cases seen, assessment of work attribution, definition of work-relatedness and threshold for case reporting. Continuous variables were analysed by mean, standard deviation, an independent two-sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. Mean and median values were calculated and Spearman's rank test was applied to ranked data. RESULTS Questionnaires were completed by 68% occupational physicians and 64% rheumatologists. Both groups of physicians believed that 'history of onset in relation to workplace changes' and 'symptoms consistent with work exposure' were the most important factors suggesting work attribution. They considered that the most important objective of a reporting scheme was detection of trends in disease incidence and that the most suitable criteria for defining work-relatedness was the probability that exposure at work 'more likely than not' caused the condition (mean 0.73; SD=0.17), in a perceived likelihood scale (0-1). CONCLUSION There was a strong agreement between occupational physicians and rheumatologists on questions about work-relatedness and musculoskeletal disorders. The level of probability for concluding work-relatedness has been quantified.
A Two-Stage Biomedical Event Trigger Detection Method Integrating Feature Selection and Word Embeddings

Extracting biomedical events from biomedical literature plays an important role in the field of biomedical text mining, and the trigger detection is a key step in biomedical event extraction. We propose a two-stage method for trigger detection, which divides trigger detection into recognition stage and classification stage, and different features are selected in each stage. In the first stage, we select the features which are more suitable for recognition, and in the second stage, the features that are more helpful to classification are adopted. Furthermore, we integrate word embeddings to represent words semantically and syntactically. On the multi-level event extraction (MLEE) corpus test dataset, our method achieves an F-score of 79.75 percent, which outperforms the state-of-the-art systems.
Association of AHSG Gene Polymorphisms and Aortic Stiffness in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Background/Aims: Fetuin-A is a negative acute-phase reactant and extraosseous calcification inhibitor. Decreased serum concentration of fetuin-A is independently related to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in dialysis patients. Our aim is to investigate the association between the genetic polymorphism of α2-Heremans-Schmid-glycoprotein (AHSG) encoding fetuin-A and its serum concentration, vascular calcification, and aortic stiffness in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Method: A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the AHSG gene were genotyped and evaluated for association with serum fetuin-A level, quantitative measures of vascular calcification and aortic stiffness represented by heart-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (hfPWV). Results: Five SNPs in the AHSG gene were nominally associated with the serum fetuin-A level in our PD patients. In haplotype analyses, there were haplotypes positively (H1; AGCA, H2; CC) and inversely (H1; TTCG, H2; TT) related with the serum fetuin-A level. The serum fetuin-A level inversely and independently correlated with hfPWV. Moreover, the serum fetuin-A concentration was a determinant for the simple vascular calcification score (SVCS), which subsequently was associated with hfPWV. Conclusions: Our study showed an association between AHSG polymorphism and its serum concentration, and also revealed an association of the serum fetuin-A level with SVCS and aortic stiffness in PD patients.
cis-Bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)benzenethiolato-κ2 P,S]palladium(II)

The title compound, [Pd(C18H14PS)2], was synthesized by the reaction of (Ph2PC6H4SH) with [PdCl2(NCC6H5)2] in a 2:1 molar ratio in the presence of a slight excess of NEt3 as base in dichloromethane. The compound crystallizes with the Pd(II) atom on a twofold rotation axis. The palladium center has a slightly distorted square-planar environment, with the two P—S chelating ligands adopting a cis configuration. The present structure is a pseudo-polymorph of [Pd(C18H14PS)2]·CH2Cl2.
Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies and Gag-Specific Cellular Immune Responses to an R5 Primary Isolate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Rhesus Macaques

ABSTRACT The ability to generate antibodies that cross-neutralize diverse primary isolates is an important goal for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development. Most of the candidate HIV-1 vaccines tested in humans and nonhuman primates have failed in this regard. Past efforts have focused almost entirely on the envelope glycoproteins of a small number of T-cell line-adapted strains of the virus as immunogens. Here we assessed the immunogenicity of noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP) consisting of Gag, Pro (protease), and Env from R5 primary isolate HIV-1Bx08. Immunogens were delivered to rhesus macaques in the form of either purified VLP, recombinant DNA and canarypox (ALVAC) vectors engineered to express VLP, or a combination of these products. Seroconversion to Gag and Pro was detected in all of the immunized animals. Antibodies that could neutralize HIV-1Bx08 were detected in animals that received (i) coinoculations with DNABx08 and VLPBx08, (ii) DNABx08 followed by ALVACBx08 boosting, and (iii) VLPBx08 alone. The neutralizing antibodies were highly strain specific despite the fact that they did not appear to be directed to linear epitopes in the V3 loop. Virus-specific cellular immune responses also were generated, as judged by the presence of Gag-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing cells. These cellular immune responses required the inclusion of DNABx08 in the immunization modality, since few or no IFN-γ-producing cells were detected in animals that received either VLPBx08 or ALVACBx08 alone. The results demonstrate the feasibility of generating neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune responses that target an R5 primary HIV-1 isolate by vaccination in primates.
Use of EPR Spectroscopy to Study Macromolecular Structure and Function

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is now part of the armory available to probe the structural aspects of proteins, nucleic acids and protein–nucleic acid complexes. Since the mobility of a spin label covalently attached to a macromolecule is influenced by its microenvironment, analysis of the EPR spectra of site-specifically incorporated spin labels (probes) provides a powerful tool for investigating structure–function correlates in biological macromolecules. This technique has become readily amenable to address various problems in biology in large measure due to the advent of techniques like site-directed mutagenesis, which enables site-specific substitution of cysteine residues in proteins, and the commercial availability of thiol-specific spin-labeling reagents (Figure 1)1. In addition to the underlying principle and the experimental strategy, several recent applications are discussed in this review.
Glycine release from astrocytes via functional reversal of GlyT1

It was previously reported that functional glycine receptors were expressed in neonatal prefrontal cortex; however, the glycine‐releasing cells were unknown. We hypothesized that astrocytes might be a major glycine source, and examined the glycine release properties of astrocytes. We also hypothesized that dopamine (DA) might be a trigger for the astrocytic glycine release, as numerous DA terminals localize in the cortex. We combined two different methods to confirm the glycine release from astrocytes. Firstly, we analyzed the supernatant of astrocytes by amino acid analyzer after DA stimulation, and detect significant glycine peak. Furthermore, we utilized a patch‐clamp biosensor method to confirm the glycine release from astrocytes by using GlyRα1 and Glyβ‐expressing HEK293T cells, and detected significant glycine‐evoked current upon DA stimulation. Thus, we clearly demonstrated that DA induces glycine release from astrocytes. Surprisingly, DA caused a functional reversal of astrocytic glycine transporter 1, an astrocytic type of glycine transporter, causing astrocytes to release glycine. Hence, astrocytes transduce pre‐synaptic DA signals to glycine signals through a reversal of astrocytic glycine transporter 1 to regulate neuronal excitability.
Peripheral neuropathy in chronic venous insufficiency

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) of the lower legs may cause tissue damage, but involvement of peripheral nerves is uncertain. We examined 30 patients with CVI and 20 healthy controls using motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, vibration testing and thermotesting, quantitative sudomotor axon‐reflex test, and laser Doppler flowmetry. Subjects with possible confounding factors for peripheral neuropathies were excluded. Prolongation of distal motor latency of the peroneal nerve (median, 5.4 versus 4.5 ms; P = 0.02), increased limits for warm (9.60°C versus 5.20°C; P = 0.016) and cold detection (3.45°C versus 1.55°C; P = 0.016) and reduced vibration sense (2.8925 versus 1.1075; P < 0.008) were found. The results demonstrate a disturbance of A‐alpha fibers, A‐beta fibers, A‐delta fibers, and thermoafferent‐C fibers, possibly induced by ischemia due to venous microangiopathy and increased endoneurial pressure. Analogous to neuropathic ulcers in diabetes, the CVI‐associated neuropathy may also be a cofactor in the development of venous ulcers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 23: 883–887, 2000
Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Severe Spinal Deformities

Purpose : To report a technique of vertebral column resection using a single posterior approach and its results in the treatment of severe spinal deformities. Materials and Methods : Seventy spinal deformity patients treated by posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) were retrospectively reviewed with minimum follow up of 2 years (2-3.3 years). There were 34 males and 36 females with a mean age of 27.4 years. Etiologic diagnoses were; adult scoliosis in 7, congenital kyphoscoliosis in 38, and post-infectious kyphosis in 25. The surgery consisted of temporary stabilization of the vertebral column with segmental pedicle screw fixation, resection of the vertebral column at the apex of the deformity via the posterior route followed by gradual deformity correction and fusion. Radiological and clinical data were reviewed for deformity correction and clinical results. Results : The total number of resected vertebrae were 143; 76 thoracic and 67 lumbar. Mean operation time was 4 hours 31 minutes with an average blood loss of 2,333 mL. The deformity correction was 62.9% in the coronal plane and in the sagittal plane. Complications were encountered in 24 patients; 2 complete cord injuries in severe adult scoliosis and a single thoracic kyphosis patient who had significant preoperative cord compromise, 6 hematomas, 4 root injuries (all incomplete), 5 fixation failures, 2 infections and 5 hemopneumothoraxes. Conclusion : PVCR is an effective alternative for severe fixed spinal deformities. However, extreme caution must be taken in patients with preoperative cord compromise who have a high risk of neurological complications.
Searching for gene flow from cultivated to wild strawberries in Central Europe.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Experimental crosses between the diploid woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) and the octoploid garden strawberry (F. × ananassa Duch.) can lead to the formation of viable hybrids. However, the extent of such hybrid formation under natural conditions is unknown, but is of fundamental interest and importance in the light of the potential future cultivation of transgenic strawberries. A hybrid survey was therefore conducted in the surroundings of ten farms in Switzerland and southern Germany, where strawberries have been cultivated for at least 10 years and where wild strawberries occur in the close vicinity. METHODS In 2007 and 2008, 370 wild F. vesca plants were sampled at natural populations around farms and analysed with microsatellite markers. In 2010, natural populations were revisited and morphological traits of 3050 F. vesca plants were inspected. DNA contents of cell nuclei of morphologically deviating plants were estimated by flow cytometry to identify hybrids. As controls, 50 hybrid plants from interspecific hand-crosses were analysed using microsatellite analysis and DNA contents of cell nuclei were estimated by flow cytometry. KEY RESULTS None of the wild samples collected in 2007 and 2008 contained F. × ananassa microsatellite markers, while all hybrids from hand-crosses clearly contained markers of both parent species. Morphological inspection of wild populations carried out in 2010 and subsequent flow cytometry of ten morphologically deviating plants revealed no hybrids. CONCLUSIONS Hybrid formation or hybrid establishment in natural populations in the survey area is at best a rare event.
The nucleotide sequence of the intergenic region between the 5.8S and 26S rRNA genes of the yeast ribosomal RNA operon. Possible implications for the interaction between 5.8S and 26S rRNA and the processing of the primary transcript.

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of part of a cloned yeast ribosomal RNA operon extending from the 5.8S RNA gene downstream into the 5' -terminal region of the 26S RNA gene. We mapped the pertinent processing sites, viz. the 5' end of 26S rRNA and the 3'ends of 5.8S rRNA and its immediate precursor, 7S RNA. At the 3' end of 7S RNA we find the sequence UCGUUU which is very similar to the type I consensus sequence UCAUUA/U present at the 3' ends of 17S, 5.8S and 26S rRNA as well as 18S precursor rRNA in yeast. At the 5' end of the 26S RNA gene we find a sequence of thirteen nucleotides which is homologous to the type II sequence present at the 5' termini of both the 17S and the 5.8S RNA gene. These findings further support the suggestion put forward earlier (G.M. Veldman et al. (1980) Nucl. Acids Res. 8, 2907-2920) that both consensus sequences are involved in the recognition of precursor rRNA by the processing nuclease(s). We discuss a model for the processing of yeast rRNA in which a processing enzyme sequentially recognizes several combinations of a type I and a type II consensus sequence. We also describe the existence of a significant base complementarity between sequences in the 5' -terminal region of 26S rRNA and the 3' -terminal region of 5.8S rRNA. We suggest that base pairing between these sequences contributes to the binding between 5.8S and 26S rRNA.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Augments Bacterial Clearance in a Juvenile sepsis Model

Genetic ablation or pharmacologic inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) improves survival in an adult murine sepsis model. Because developmental age influences the host inflammatory response, we hypothesized that developmental age influences the role of MMP8 in sepsis. First, we compared sepsis survival between wild-type (WT, C57BL/6) and MMP8 null juvenile-aged mice (12–14 d) after intraperitoneal injection of a standardized cecal slurry. Second, peritoneal lavages collected 6 h and 18 h after cecal slurry injection were analyzed for bacterial burden, leukocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines. Third, juvenile WT mice were pretreated with an MMP8 inhibitor prior to cecal slurry injection; analysis of their bacterial burden was compared with vehicle-injected animals. Fourth, the phagocytic capacity of WT and MMP8 null peritoneal macrophages was compared. Finally, peritoneal neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were compared using immunofluorescent imaging and quantitative image analysis. We found that juvenile MMP8 null mice had greater mortality and higher bacterial burden than WT mice. Leukocyte counts and cytokine concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were increased in the MMP8 null mice relative to the wild-type mice. Peritoneal macrophages from MMP8 null mice had reduced phagocytic capacity compared to WT macrophages. There was no quantitative difference in NET formation, but fewer bacteria were adherent to NETs from MMP8 null animals. In conclusion, in contrast to septic adult mice, genetic ablation of MMP8 increased mortality following bacterial peritonitis in juvenile mice. This increase in mortality was associated with reduced bacterial clearance and reduced NET efficiency. We conclude that developmental age influences the role of MMP8 in sepsis.
Aggregate content influences the Th1/Th2 immune response to influenza vaccine: Evidence from a mouse model

During the 2000–2001 season, a newly identified oculo‐respiratory syndrome (ORS) was detected across Canada as an adverse effect to one influenza vaccine. The implicated vaccine contained a higher than expected proportion of unsplit and aggregated influenza virions. Clinical and epidemiologic features of ORS were suggestive of type 2‐like influences on the immune response. We hypothesized that the implicated vaccine from the 2000–2001 season would induce greater Th2‐like polarization relative to the non‐implicated vaccine from the same season. Three groups consisting of eight mice each were either immunized with implicated vaccine, immunized with non‐implicated vaccine or not immunized. Antigen‐specific cellular responses were characterized based on the balance of Th2 (IL‐4, IL‐5) and Th1 (IFN‐γ) cytokines in vitro. We confirm that vaccine aggregates deviate the immune response to a greater Th2 cytokine pattern with potential implications for vaccine screening, safety, and efficacy. J. Med. Virol. 72:138–142, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse events recorded in English primary care: observational study using the General Practice Research Database.

BACKGROUND More accurate and recent estimates of adverse events in primary care are necessary to assign resources for improvement of patient safety, while predictors must be identified to ameliorate patient risk. AIM To determine the incidence of recorded iatrogenic harm in general practice and identify risk factors for these adverse events. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional sample of 74,763 patients at 457 English general practices between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2008, obtained from the General Practice Research Database. METHOD Patient age at study entry, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, practice region, duration registered at practice, continuity of care, comorbidities, and health service use were extracted from the data. Adverse events were defined by Read Codes for complications of care (Chapters S, T, and U). Crude and adjusted analyses were performed by Poisson regression, using generalised estimating equations. RESULTS The incidence was 6.0 adverse events per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.74 to 6.27), equivalent to eight adverse events per 10,000 consultations (n = 2,540,877). After adjustment, patients aged 65-84 years (risk ratio [RR] = 5.62, 95% CI = 4.58 to 6.91; P<0.001), with the most consultations (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.86; P<0.001), five or more emergency admissions (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.66 to 2.60; P<0.001), or the most diseases according to expanded diagnosis clusters (RR = 8.46, 95% CI = 5.68 to 12.6; P<0.001) were at greater risk of adverse events. Patients registered at their practice for the longest periods of time were less at risk of an adverse event (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.47; P<0.001). CONCLUSION The low incidence of recorded adverse events is comparable with other studies. Temporal sequencing of risk factors and case ascertainment would benefit from data triangulation. Future studies may explore whether first adverse events predict future incidents.