Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Researches on the Developments and Typical Application of NPs Based System

With the development of computer network, traditional general CPU and ASIC cannot meet the corresponding needs due to their disadvantages, nevertheless, the Network Processor(NP) finds its wide application in today's network devices because of its great balance between performance and flexibility. This paper focuses on the issues of system design and implementation of NPs. The early design method and performance evaluation of NPs are presented on the standpoint of system design, and several key application technologies of NPs are investigated in-depth. Furthermore, a core router's hardware architecture and software modules design based on NPs of is proposed.
Patterns and predictors of failure following tri-modality therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer

Abstract Background. Although tri-modality therapy is an acceptable standard of care in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer, data regarding patterns of failure is lacking. We report bi-institutional patterns of failure experience treating patients using tri-modality therapy. Materials and methods. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy between 2006 and 2011 at two NCI-designated cancer centers. First failure sites were categorized as local, regional nodal, or distant. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, non-parametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and multiple logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival. Results. A total of 132 patients met the inclusion criteria with a median age of 62 (range 36–80) and median follow-up of 28 months (range 4–128). There were a total of six (4.5%) local, 13 (10%) regional nodal, and 32 (23.5%) distant failures. Local failure was correlated with fewer lymph nodes (LN) assessed (p = 0.01) and close/positive margins (p < 0.01). Regional nodal failure was correlated with fewer LN assessed (p < 0.01) and larger pretreatment tumor size (p = 0.04). Patients with ≤13 LN evaluated had an inferior locoregional RFS versus patients with >13 LN evaluated (p = 0.003). Distant recurrence was correlated with higher pathologic nodal stage (p < 0.001), ulceration (p = 0.017), perineural invasion (p = 0.029), residual disease (p = 0.004), and higher post-treatment PET SUV max (p = 0.049). Patients with a pathologic complete response (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.68) were less likely to experience distant recurrence. Conclusion. Tumor and treatment factors may predict for failure in patients undergoing tri-modality therapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer. Further data is needed to identify patterns of failure in these patients.
Top management teams’ shared leadership and ambidexterity: the role of management control systems

The study explores how top management teams’ shared leadership is related to organizational ambidexterity in public-sector organizations, theoretically and empirically considering how this relationship is contingent on the management control system. Using a sample of 85 Swedish municipal housing corporations, we find that shared leadership has a positive relationship with organizational ambidexterity in public-sector organizations. Moreover, increasing use of new public management control systems, based on combined reward and performance controls, positively moderates this relationship. The study also finds that traditional public management control systems, based on combined planning and administrative controls, do not moderate the relationship between top management teams’ shared leadership and organizational ambidexterity. Accordingly, this article contributes to the public and strategic management literature, as well as to managerial practice. Points for practitioners The article suggests that sharing leadership within top management teams can result in a balanced resource allocation in municipal corporations. To be more effective in achieving this balance, public sector managers might consider emphasizing new public management-inspired management control systems and de-emphasizing those of a more traditional type.
Spatial Localization in NMR Spectroscopy in Vivo

Spatial localization techniques are necessary for in vivo NMR spectroscopy involving heterogeneous organisms. Localization by surface coil NMR detection alone is generally inadequate for deep-lying organs due to contaminating signals from intervening surface tissues. However, localization to preselected planar volumes can be accomplished using a single selective excitation pulse in the presence of a pulsed magnetic field gradient, yielding depth-resolved surface coil spectra (DRESS). Within selected planes, DRESS are spatially restricted by the surface coil sensitivity profiles to disk-shaped volumes whose radii increase with depth, notwithstanding variations in the NMR signal density distribution. Nevertheless, DRESS is a simple and versatile localization procedure that is readily adaptable to spectral relaxation time measurements by adding inversion or spin-echo refocusing pulses or to in vivo solvent-suppressed spectroscopy of proton (1H) metabolites using a combination of chemical-selective RF pulses. Also, the spatial information gathering efficiency of the technique can be improved to provide simultaneous acquisition of spectra from multiple volumes by interleaving excitation of adjacent planes within the normal relaxation recovery period. The spatial selectivity can be improved by adding additional selective excitation spin-echo refocusing pulses to achieve full, three-dimensional point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) in a single excitation sequence. Alternatively, for samples with short spin-spin relaxation times, DRESS can be combined with other localization schemes, such as image-selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS), to provide complete gradient controlled three-dimensional localization with a reduced number of sequence cycles.
Improving the prescribing of antibiotics for urinary tract infection

Background: In recent years there have been changes in the recommended antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections (UTIs). In particular, the use of amoxycillin or co‐trimoxazole is now discouraged, with amoxycillin—potassium clavulanate, cephalexin and trimethoprim becoming first‐line agents for uncomplicated lower UTIs.
Grassroots Associations and Collective Identity: Unity in a Midwestern Inland Lake Sailing Club

ABSTRACT This article provides the theoretical basis for applying the concept of collective identity to the study of leisure groups. Although the concept of collective identity has been most thoroughly developed in studying social movement organizations, I argue that the concept is appropriate for examining other types of grassroots associations, including hobby groups. I explore the application through examining group unity created in a midwestern inland lake sailing club. Emerging from an analysis of interviews with members of the club were clearly articulated perceptions of elements that compose the collective identity process and an indication that the basis of collective action and unity in a leisure group is neither always obvious nor directly related to the group’s leisure activity. In this case, it was the club’s land that formed the basis of group unity instead of the sailing that the club was established to promote.
Reliability and validity of the psoriasis symptom inventory in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis

Objectives: The psoriasis symptom inventory (PSI) is a patient-reported outcome measure for assessing symptom severity in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement properties of the PSI. Materials and methods: Analyses of psychometric characteristics (reliability, convergent and known-groups validity,responsiveness, item performance, and dimensionality) were conducted using data from a Phase II trail to evaluate efficacy of brodalumab in subjects with moderate–to-severe psoriasis. Results: The PSI had excellent internal consistency (α = 0.93–0.98) and good test-retest reliability (ICCs = 0.77–0.87). Convergent and discriminant validity was indicated by moderate-to-strong correlations between the PSI and Dermatology Life Quality Index scores, and small correlations between PSI total scores and ShortfFrm-36 Health Survey mental health, role emotional, and role physical scales. Known groups validity was shown as mean PSI total scores varied by Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Static Physician's Global Assessment (sPGA) defined groups (p < 0.001). PSI total scores were responsive to changes in clinical status as assessed by PASI (p < 0.001) and sPGA (p < 0.001). Unidimensionality of the PSI was supported. Conclusions: The PSI is a short and valid unidimensional measure of psoriasis symptom severity that is well suited for use in clinical trials.
Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms Enhanced Growth and Survival of Penaeus monodon and Altered Bacterial Community Structures in Its Rearing Water

ABSTRACT In this study, a 96-h laboratory reduction test was conducted with strain BDHSH06 (GenBank accession no. EF011103) as the test strain for Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) and 20 susceptible marine bacterial strains forming microcosms as the targets. The results showed that BDHSH06 reduced the levels of approximately 50% of prey bacterial strains within 96 h in the seawater microcosms. An 85-day black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) rearing experiment was performed. The shrimp survival rate, body length, and weight in the test tanks were 48.1% ± 1.2%, 99.8 ± 10.0 mm, and 6.36 ± 1.50 g, respectively, which were values significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those for the control, viz., 31.0% ± 2.1%, 86.0 ± 11.1 mm, and 4.21 ± 1.56 g, respectively. With the addition of BDHSH06, total bacterial and Vibrio numbers were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by 1.3 to 4.5 log CFU · ml−1 and CFU · g−1 in both water and shrimp intestines, respectively, compared to those in the control. The effect of BDHSH06 on bacterial community structures in the rearing water was also examined using PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DGGE profiles of rearing water samples from the control and test tanks revealed that the amounts of 44% of the bacterial species were reduced when BDHSH06 was added to the rearing water over the 85-day rearing period, and among these, approximately 57.1% were nonculturable. The results of this study demonstrated that BDHSH06 can be used as a biocontrol/probiotic agent in P. monodon culture.
Factors influencing enrollment in clinical trials for cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND Recruitment of cancer patients to clinical trials is an ongoing challenge. In this study, we assess factors that may influence enrollment in clinical trials for cancer treatment. METHODS Between June 1997 and January 1998, data were collected on all adult cancer patients evaluated for enrollment in National Cancer Institute-sponsored clinical trials at 15 medical facilities in the southeastern United States. RESULTS More than 2,300 cancer patients were evaluated; 7% were enrolled. Neither patient sex nor race predicted enrollment. Patients with fee-for-service coverage were more than twice as likely to be enrolled compared with patients with other types of coverage, including managed care. Patient refusal accounted for the nonenrollment of nearly 40% of those clinically eligible. CONCLUSIONS Although multiple factors influence enrollment in clinical trials for cancer treatment, results suggest that insurance coverage plays a role. Patient refusal, a substantial reason for nonenrollment, points to the need for continued efforts to educate physicians and the public in the value of clinical trials.
The selective adhesion molecule inhibitor Natalizumab decreases multiple myeloma cell growth in the bone marrow microenvironment: therapeutic implications

Recent advances regarding the introduction of anti‐adhesion strategies as a novel therapeutic concept in oncology hold great promise. Here we evaluated the therapeutic potential of the new‐in‐class‐molecule selective‐adhesion‐molecule (SAM) inhibitor Natalizumab, a recombinant humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, which binds integrin‐α4, in multiple myeloma (MM). Natalizumab, but not a control antibody, inhibited adhesion of MM cells to non‐cellular and cellular components of the microenvironment as well as disrupted the binding of already adherent MM cells. Consequently, Natalizumab blocked both the proliferative effect of MM‐bone marrow (BM) stromal cell interaction on tumour cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐induced angiogenesis in the BM milieu. Moreover, Natalizumab also blocked VEGF‐ and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)‐induced signalling sequelae triggering MM cell migration. In agreement with our in vitro results, Natalizumab inhibited tumour growth, VEGF secretion, and angiogenesis in a human severe combined immunodeficiency murine model of human MM in the human BM microenvironment. Importantly, Natalizumab not only blocked tumour cell adhesion, but also chemosensitized MM cells to bortezomib, in an in vitro therapeutically representative human MM‐stroma cell co‐culture system model. Our data therefore provide the rationale for the clinical evaluation of Natalizumab, preferably in combination with novel agents (e.g. bortezomib) to enhance MM cytotoxicity and improve patient outcome.
The Holistic Perception of Information Technology and The Importance on the Supply Chain Management

Supply Chain Management (SCM) includes management of materials, products, services, information and financial flows which network of consisting suppliers, manufacturers, logistics service companies and clients. The individual elements of this chain with coordination and integration of each element to perform themselves ensure successful of SCM. Information technology has a very important role in activities for coordination and integration of supply chain. Acceleration of sharing information, simplification and increasing of reliability provide effective use of time in logistics companies, cost savings like effective management ways. In this prepared study which taking into account the positive impact on supply chain of information technologies, it was investigated on the effectiveness of sharing information of supply chain by examining infrastructure of the information technology, ranging from the production of raw materials to the end user in SCM. The results of the analyses by using the structural equation model indicate that the use of information technology in supply chain management enhances the relationship between buyer supplier; the enhancement of such relationship improves the quality, safety, and flexibility of products and reduces the cost of products; as a result, it increases firm performance.
Effect of calving period on beef cow longevity and lifetime productivity in western Canada

© The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. Transl. Anim. Sci. 2018.2:S61–S65 doi: 10.1093/tas/txy020
2011 Young Investigator Award Winner: Increased Fat Mass Is Associated With High Levels of Low Back Pain Intensity and Disability

Study Design. A cross-sectional study. Objective. To determine whether body composition is associated with low back pain intensity and/or disability. Summary of Background Data. The relationship between obesity and low back pain and disability is unclear. No study has examined the role of body composition in low back pain and disability. Methods. A total of 135 participants (25–62 years), with a range of body mass indices (18–55 kg/m2), were recruited for a study examining the relationship between obesity and musculoskeletal disease. Participants completed the Chronic Back Pain Grade Questionnaire, which examines individuals' levels of low back pain intensity and disability. Body composition was assessed using dual radiograph absorptiometry. Results. Body mass index was associated with higher levels of back pain intensity (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09, 1.67) and disability (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.31, 2.09). Higher levels of pain intensity were positively associated with total body (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.38) and lower limb fat mass (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.20), independent of lean tissue mass. There were also positive associations between higher levels of low back disability and total body (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.20, 1.67) and upper (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27, 2.19) and lower (OR = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.51, 3.49) limbs fat mass. Similar relationships were observed with trunk, android, and gynoid fat mass. After adjusting for confounders, no measures of lean tissue mass were associated with higher pain intensity or disability (P > 0.10). Conclusion. Greater fat, but not lean tissue mass, was associated with high levels of low back pain intensity and disability. Longitudinal investigation is needed to determine whether fat mass is predictive of low back pain and disability, as this may have important implications for further prevention strategies. Understanding the mechanism for these relationships may provide novel approaches to managing low back pain.
Peacebuilders and the values of culturally diverse students

Peer mediation, conflict resolution and social enhancement programs are being used in larger proportions in schools throughout the country. Many schools and school districts are utilizing these programs to head off student violence, resolve student conflicts and promote school wide harmony. Although it may be argued that schools do not themselves teach values directly as a curriculum, conflict resolution programs do teach students values both overtly and covertly. It must be understood that when students interact with teachers, values transmission may be a residual affect of their interaction. The values that this study aims to examine are those overtly taught through a conflict avoidance model. My attempt is to identify the ideals and beliefs of the PeaceBuilder conflict-training model and determine how they transcend the cultural values of various student populations. Theses programs tend to have "one-sized-fits all" attitudes built into them. Therefore, students will either be forced to conform to the values dictated by the dominant culture or be identified as being hostile to the educational system (Cheng 1998). Due to the fact that our society is composed of a wide cross section of thoughts and opinions, students may
Influence of Lavage Timing on Tumor Cell Burden During Colonic Resection

AbstractINTRODUCTION: A subset of patients undergoing elective resection for an intra-abdominal malignancy may have viable tumor cells present within the peritoneal cavity at the start of the procedure. The presence of these cells may alter the pattern of tumor recurrence. METHODS: Six million human colorectal tumor cells were radiolabeled and injected into the pelvis of eight pigs before the undertaking of a standardized laparoscopic-assisted sigmoid colectomy. In four pigs, a 1-liter saline lavage was performed before resection, and in the four remaining pigs, a similar lavage was performed after construction of the anastomosis. After completion of the sigmoid colectomy, pigs were killed, and the anastomosis was excised. Counting the radioactivity present on each sample and correlating this with the radioactivity present within the initial cell inoculum enabled the number of cells on each anastomosis to be calculated. Additional measurements were made of the number of cells on the resected bowel specimen, the stapling device, the resected anastomotic donuts, the trocars and abdominal wounds, and the lavage fluid. RESULTS: Significantly fewer cells were detected on the anastomosis, the resected bowel specimen, and the donut of resected tissue in the pigs that received a preresection lavage (P = 0.01). Significantly greater numbers of cells were retrieved in the lavage fluid in this group (P = 0.01). No differences were detected in the number of cells that contaminated the stapling device (P = 0.1), trocars (P = 0.47), or trocar sites (P = 0.27). CONCLUSION: The simple strategy of lavage at the commencement of resection for an intra-abdominal resection may reduce contamination of the anastomosis and effect a reduction of the total number of viable cells present within the abdominal cavity in patients with free intra-abdominal tumor cells.
Biomaterial-associated staphylococcal peritoneal infections in a neutropaenic mouse model.

Adhesion of staphylococcal cells to polyethylene with end point-attached heparin was quantified by bioluminescence. Staphylococcus epidermidis 3380 and the slime-producing S. epidermidis RP12 adhered to the highest extent, and S. lugdunensis 2342 to the least extent. Preincubation of the polymer with dialysis fluid reduced adhesion of S. epidermidis 3380 and RP12 but enhanced that of S. aureus, and preadsorption of the surface with fibronectin decreased subsequent adhesion of S. epidermidis and S. haemolyticus strains. When staphylococci were grown in the presence of a biomaterial their ability to activate peritoneal cells was decreased. The bactericidal activity was impaired, whereas ingestion of opsonized coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) strains was unaffected. With S. epidermidis RP12 the presence of biomaterial did not influence either phagocytosis or bactericidal effect of peritoneal cells. After intra-peritoneal challenge with staphylococcal strains, the organ uptake of S. aureus Cowan 1 was increased in normal mice whereas immunosuppressed mice died. CNS strains increased mainly in the peritoneal cavity of immunosuppressed mice. The uptake of bacteria in liver and kidneys was increased with S. epidermidis 3380, S. lugdunensis 2343 and S. schleiferi 667-88. Generally, CNS strains persisted in the peritoneal cavity of both normal and immunosuppressed mice. These data indicate that host defense mechanisms, mainly polymorphonuclear neutrophils, fail to eliminate CNS infections in the peritoneum, and that initial adhesion to an implanted biomaterial may be of lesser importance in the peritoneal cavity than in e.g. catheter-associated infections. There are strain-specific virulence factors of bacteria, and slime producing strains evade the host defense mechanisms more efficiently than non-slime producing strains.
Ecosystem Services in Life Cycle Assessment while Encouraging Techno‐Ecological Synergies

Life cycle assessment (LCA) has enabled consideration of environmental impacts beyond the narrow boundary of traditional engineering methods. This reduces the chance of shifting impacts outside the system boundary. However, sustainability also requires that supporting ecosystems are not adversely affected and remain capable of providing goods and services for supporting human activities. Conventional LCA does not account for this role of nature, and its metrics are best for comparing alternatives. These relative metrics do not provide information about absolute environmental sustainability, which requires comparison between the demand and supply of ecosystem services (ES). Techno‐ecological synergy (TES) is a framework to account for ES, and has been demonstrated by application to systems such as buildings and manufacturing activities that have narrow system boundaries.