Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Links: Long-Term Trends in Foreign Investment and Foreign Control in Canada, 1960 to 2000

This paper outlines broad changes in foreign ownership in Canada over the last forty years. It makes use of several different but complementary data sources that are produced by Statistics Canada to analyze the importance of foreign ownership in Canada. Over the last four decades, foreign multinationals that are operating in Canada have experienced first, a retrenchment and then, a resurgence in their activities. This retrenchment occurred during the period when foreign investment was tightly regulated and could be found across most industries, but was particularly evident in the energy and mining sector. The resurgence that has occurred subsequent to the introduction of a more liberal regulatory regime was also relatively widespread, though there are several sectors like the science-based and energy industries where this has not occurred.
A comparison of handsearching versus MEDLINE searching to identify reports of randomized controlled trials

This study aims to compare handsearching to a basic MEDLINE search for the identification of reports of randomized trials in specialized health care journals. Twenty‐two specialized health care journals, published in the U.K., were handsearched for all reports of controlled trials (as defined by the Cochrane Collaboration). The reports of trials, which were judged to be definitely randomized, were identified from a random sample of three years per journal and form one element of this study. A MEDLINE search using the publication type terms ‘randomized controlled trial’ and ‘controlled clinical trial’ was also performed for the same journal years. The reports of trials retrieved by handsearching were then compared against those retrieved from the MEDLINE search, to identify differences in retrieval between the two techniques. Reports of randomized trials identified by the MEDLINE search but not found by handsearching were individually assessed to see if they met the Cochrane eligibility criteria for a report of a randomized trial. A total of 714 reports of randomized trials were found by using a combination of both handsearching and MEDLINE searching. Of these, 369 (52 per cent) were identified only by handsearching and 32 (4 per cent) were identified only by MEDLINE searching. Of the reports identified only by handsearching, 252 had no MEDLINE record, of which 232 (92 per cent) were meeting abstracts or published in supplements; 117 (25 per cent) of the 462 reports of randomized trials which had a MEDLINE record were missed by the electronic search because they did not have either of the publication type terms ‘randomized controlled trial’ or ‘controlled clinical trial’. This proportion varied depending on when the reports of randomized trials were published (that is, before or after the introduction of the MEDLINE publication type terms above). The highest additional yield from handsearching compared to MEDLINE searching was for reports of randomized trials published prior to 1991 and from handsearching the non‐MEDLINE indexed parts of a journal. The results of this study suggest that a combination of MEDLINE and handsearching is required to identify adequately reports of randomized trials. © Crown copyright 2002. Reproduced with the permission of Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison between noradrenergic and serotonergic medications using the Social Adjustment Scale: is drive enhancement necessary for recovery of social functioning?

The Social Adjustment Scale (SAS) was used to assess social functioning sequentially over 13 weeks in a group of 188 depressed outpatients randomized to either the noradrenergic antidepressant, nortriptyline, or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine. Over the period of 13 weeks, there were no differences in total SAS scores between the nortriptyline and the fluoxetine group. In comparing the SAS subscale scores, which may measure different areas of motivation and behaviour (drive), there were differences between the two groups in only two subscales. At 13 weeks, the group randomized to fluoxetine were more impaired in marital role (p = 0.026) whereas, at 6 weeks, the group randomized to nortriptyline were more impaired in friction scores (p = 0.012). These results do not support the concept of specific augmentation of drive-related behaviour by noradrenergic medication. This challenges the earlier findings relating to drive enhancement and social adjustment using such medication.
Conforming and nonconforming finite element methods for solving the stationary Stokes equations I

— The paper is devoted to a gênerai finite element approximation ofthe solution of the Stokes équations for an incompressible viscous fluid, Both conforming and nonconforming finite element methods are studied and various examples of simplicial éléments well suitedfor the numerical treatment of the incompressibility condition are given. Optimal error estimâtes are derived in the energy norm and in the L 2 -norm.
Can Big Companies Become Successful Venture Capitalists

Maybe, but first they need to understand what makes the model work Four good reasons to try. pick only one It's hardly surprising that big companies are attracted to the venture capital (VC) model for new business development. (*) Its track record is enviable: the industry as a whole outperformed the SP to look for business concepts that will excel if the industry evolves as they believe it will; and, most important, to insist on the presence of a strong management team. Although corporate managers often have just as clear a strategic focus in their core business, they typically run into greater ambiguity with venture programs. Their biggest challenge is to establish clear, prioritized objectives. Simply making a good financial return is unlikely to be sufficient, while other objectives - acquiring new technologies, entering new markets, reenergizing corporate culture - often compete for attention. Moreover, corporate managers are unlikely to receive the regular exposure to new ideas that VC firms enjoy, and the criteria they use to evaluate ideas are often intolerant of the risks inherent in launching a new type of business. Willingness to weed out the losers. Venture capital firms view each funding decision not as a project approval but as an option on future decisions. They reduce their exposure by investing in small increments until the key risk factors are resolved. With only one in ten ventures becoming a hit, VC firms manage their portfolios ruthlessly, weeding out likely losers early. …
A Tripeptidyl peptidase 1 is a binding partner of GPHR ( Golgi pH regulator ) in Dictyostelium

Mutations in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1) have been associated with late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL2), a neurodegenerative disorder. TPP1 is a lysosomal serine protease, which removes tripeptides from the amino terminus of proteins and is composed of an N-terminal prodomain and a catalytic domain. It is conserved in mammals, amphibians, fish and the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. D. discoideum harbors at least six genes encoding tripeptidyl peptidase 1, tpp1A to tpp1F. We identified TPP1F as binding partner of Dictyostelium GPHR (Golgi pH regulator), which is an evolutionary highly conserved intracellular transmembrane protein. For the interaction, a region encompassing the DUF3735 (GPHR_N) domain of GPHR was responsible. In TPP1F the binding site was located in the prodomain. The Tpp1F gene is transcribed throughout development and translated into a polypeptide of approximately 65 kDa. TPP1 activity was demonstrated for TPP1F-GFP immunoprecipitated from D. discoideum cells. Its activity could be inhibited by addition of the recombinant DUF3735 domain of GPHR. Knockout tpp1F mutants did not display a particular phenotype and TPP1 activity was not abrogated, which is presumably due to expression of Tpp1B showing the highest expression levels of all Tpp1 genes during growth. The GPHR interaction was not restricted to TPP1F but occurred also with TPP1B. Based on previous reports showing that the majority of the TPP1 mutations in NCL2 resulted in reduction or loss of enzyme activity, our findings may help to create new reagents with which one can affect the activity of the protein and ameliorate the disease. D is ea se M o de ls & M ec ha ni sm s • D M M • A dv an ce a rt ic le
Experimental study on the termination impedance effects of a resonator array for inductive power transfer in the hundred kHz range

This paper presents a study of the transmitted power and efficiency of a wireless power transfer system which employs a metamaterial consisting of an array of multiple magnetically coupled resonant inductors. In order to reach the maximum efficiency when the receiving inductor is located at the end of the metamaterial line, the system can be designed and matched simply through the magnetoinductive wave (MIW) theory. The efficiency of this type of systems is analyzed and measured through a 5W prototype built in laboratory, using an inverter. The goal of this paper is to study the effects of changing the termination impedance in the last cell of the metamaterial and improve the system performance for a resonant frequency in the order of hundred kHz.
Performance of Efficient CBRP in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETS)

This paper first implements routing mechanisms in cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) on a recently proposed clustering scheme, named efficient clustering scheme (ECS). Such a cluster based routing scheme is named efficient cluster based routing protocol (ECBRP) in this paper. ECS maintains a more stable and less overlapping 1-hop clusterhead-based cluster structure as compared to other typical clustering schemes, such as Least Clusterhead Change (LCC) used in CBRP, and hence is more efficient in simplifying a network structure. Some routing mechanisms in CBRP are modified accordingly in order to make full use of the underlying cluster structure maintained by ECS. Also, an information table update mechanism by utilizing routing and data forwarding events to enhance the clustering and routing performance is proposed. The complete routing performance of ECBRP in terms of packet delivery ratio, normalized routing overhead and end-to-end transmission delay is compared with that of CBRP and DSR. By evaluating the performance of ECBRP and CBRP, we can study how the performance of a cluster based routing protocol is affected by its underlying cluster structure, including cluster stability and cluster overlapping. Simulation results show that ECBRP can achieve satisfying routing performance under the simulated scenarios.
The Gynecologic Oncology Consult: Symptom Presentation and Concurrent Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety

OBJECTIVE: To detail the relationship of gynecologic symptoms and sociodemographic variables to depression and anxiety reports among women who were referred to gynecologic oncologists for evaluation. METHODS: Consecutive patients (N = 151) from an National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center were accrued and participated on the day of consultation. Patients completed measures assessing depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory) symptoms, common gynecologic signs/symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics. Patients were followed up and subsequent diagnoses yielded 73 (48%) cancer and 78 (52%) benign cases. RESULTS: Descriptive analyses revealed that the cancer group was significantly older (52 versus 45 years) than the benign group, and variables correlated with age also differed significantly, with the cancer sample more likely to be postmenopausal, unemployed, and if employed, working fewer hours per week. Importantly, the groups did not differ on reports of depressive, anxiety, or gynecologic symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses, collapsing across groups, yielded significant correlates of emotional distress. Women who were older, without a spouse/partner, and who had more gynecologic symptoms had higher levels of both depressive and anxiety symptoms. Among the women who did have a partner, those with relationships of longer duration reported lower levels of depression/anxiety CONCLUSION: Reports of clinically significant depressive (42%) and anxiety symptoms (30%) were high. The number of gynecologic symptoms was reliably correlated with emotional distress. Age and absence of partner may have conferred added vulnerability. For those women with partners, lengthier relationships appeared to offer protection from both depressive and anxiety symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III
Interactions between long latency afferent inhibition and interhemispheric inhibitions in the human motor cortex

Various inhibitory pathways exist in the human brain which are crucial in modulating motor cortex output and they can be investigated non‐invasively using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) is one form of cortical inhibition. It can be elicited by stimulation of the opposite motor cortex at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 10 ms (IHI10) or 40 ms (IHI40) and inhibitions at these intervals are probably mediated by different mechanisms. Peripheral sensory stimulation can also inhibit the motor cortex. Median nerve stimulation produces long latency afferent inhibition (LAI) at ISI 200 ms. LAI inhibits another form of cortical inhibition known as long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) and a study that examined the interaction between IHI10 and LICI hypothesized that they are mediated by an overlapping population of inhibitory neurones. We tested this hypothesis by examining the interaction between IHI10, IHI40 and LAI. With increasing test MEP amplitude LAI, IHI10 and IHI40 all decreased. There was no correlation between the strength of LAI, IHI10 and IHI40. In the presence of LAI, IHI10 was slightly but significantly reduced compared to IHI10 alone. There was no correlation between the reduction in IHI10 in the presence of LAI and the strength of LAI or IHI10. In the presence of LAI, IHI40 was significantly reduced compared to IHI40 alone. LAI produced a greater decrease in IHI40 than in IHI10. The decrease in IHI40 in the presence of LAI strongly correlated with the strength of LAI but not with the strength of IHI40. Reducing the strength of LAI, IHI10 and IHI40 still resulted in similar interaction between IHI10 and LAI but markedly decreased the effect of LAI on IHI40. We conclude that LAI and IHI10 do not directly inhibit each other but LAI probably inhibits IHI40. LICI is more likely to be related to IHI40 than to IHI10.
Rapid Reversal of Ergotamine-induced Vasospasm

ABSTRACT: Peripheral ischemia, secondary to ergotamine tartrate and caffeine suppositories is reported in a 48-year-old female. Lower extremity pre-gangrenous changes were unresponsive to surgical sympathectomy, calcium channel blockade, intra-arterial vasodilators and systemic anticoagulation. A dramatic clinical and radiological reversal of the vasospasm was obtained with intravenous sodium nitroprusside when surgical amputation appeared inevitable.
Electron Acceptors Induce Secretion of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin under Anaerobic Conditions through Promotion of GspD Assembly

ABSTRACT Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), the major virulence factor of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), can lead to severe diarrhea and promotes ETEC adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. Most previous in vitro studies focused on ETEC pathogenesis were conducted under aerobic conditions, which do not reflect the real situation of ETEC infection because the intestine is anoxic. In this study, the expression and secretion of LT under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions were determined; LT was not efficiently secreted into the supernatant under anaerobic or microaerobic conditions unless terminal electron acceptors (trimethylamine N-oxide dihydrate [TMAO] or nitrate) were available. Furthermore, we found that the restoration effects of TMAO and nitrate on LT secretion could be inhibited by amytal or ΔtorCAD and ΔnarG E. coli strains, indicating that LT secretion under anaerobic conditions was dependent on the integrity of the respiratory chain. At the same time, electron acceptors increase the ATP level of ETEC, but this increase was not the main reason for LT secretion. Subsequently, the relationship between the integrity of the respiratory chain and the function of the type II secretion system was determined. The GspD protein, the secretin of ETEC, was assembled under anaerobic conditions and was accompanied by LT secretion when TMAO or nitrate was added. Our data also demonstrated that TMAO and nitrate could not induce the GspD assembly and LT secretion in ΔtorCAD and ΔnarG strains, respectively. Moreover, GspD assembly under anaerobic conditions was assisted by the pilot protein YghG.
All-Star Analyst Turnover, Investment Bank Market Share, and the Performance of Initial Public Offerings

The impact of all-star analyst turnover on initial public offering market share and the performance of initial public offerings is examined. Overall, we find that neither "winners" nor "losers" in the battle for all-star analysts experience a significant change in market share. In order to offset the loss of a star analyst, investment banks become more aggressive by taking on more speculative deals. The banks gaining the all-stars also take on more speculative issuers. Although forecast accuracy increases following the arrival of a star, forecast optimism does not change, which suggests that analyst objectivity is not affected. Overall, the evidence is not consistent with the commonly held view that analysts have a significant impact on a bank's ability to attract IPO deal flow.
Fault tolerant task scheduling algorithm for multicore systems

Since the Reliability is a significant need for most of the Multicore systems, using fault-tolerant techniques such as hardware replication and software re-execution have been prevalent. This paper presents an adaptive fault-tolerant task scheduling algorithm that is a combination of TMR and DMR algorithms, in which Architectural Vulnerability Factor is considered in scheduling decisions, besides EDF and LLF scheduling algorithms. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated and compared with TMR and DMR methods in total execution time and processing cores utilization considering 3 to 8 cores. According to the results our proposed fault-tolerant methods outperforms both TMR and DMR methods about 35% in average.
Cardiogenic shock: to pump or not to pump?

Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction still has a grim prognosis, with a mortality rate of ∼50%. 1,2 Over the last 10 years a steady reduction in mortality has been observed, which is mainly attributed to the increase of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for reperfusion.3 Another method considered to improve mortality is the use of intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) for mechanical assistance, with a class IC recommendation in the current European Society of Cardiology guidelines and a class IB recommendation in the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines.4,5 Despite the high class recommendation, the rate of IABP use in cardiogenic shock patients is only 20–30% as an international average.2,6,7 Assuming a 5–8% incidence of cardiogenic shock of all hospitalized acute myocardial infarctions, this translates into ∼40 000–50 000 cases per year in the USA and ∼60 000–70 000 cases in Europe.8 Thus, altogether 70 000–96 000 cardiogenic shock patients per year do not receive IABP although it is recommended by guidelines. This is mainly influenced by reimbursement policies and by the fact that many cardiologists believe: ‘There is little evidence from randomized, controlled, clinical trials for the clinical benefit of IABP in cardiogenic shock’. The treatment with IABP … *Corresponding author. Tel: + 49 341 865 1426, Fax: + 49 341 865 1461, Email: thielh{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Parallel mixing of photolithographically defined nanoliter volumes using elastomeric microvalve arrays

Portable microfluidic systems provide simple and effective solutions for low‐cost point‐of‐care diagnostics and high‐throughput biomedical assays. Robust flow control and precise fluidic volumes are two critical requirements for these applications. We have developed a monolithic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microdevice that allows for storing and mixing subnanoliter volumes of aqueous solutions at various mixing ratios. Filling and mixing is controlled via two integrated PDMS microvalve arrays. The volumes of the microchambers are entirely defined by photolithography, hence volumes from picoliter to nanoliter can be fabricated with high precision. Because the microvalves do not require an energy input to stay closed, fluid can be stored in a highly portable fashion for several days. We have confirmed the mixing precision and predictability using fluorescence microscopy. We also demonstrate the application of the device for calibrating fluorescent calcium indicators. Due to the biocompatibility of PDMS, the device will have broad applications in miniaturized diagnostic assays as well as basic biological studies.
Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder.

CONTEXT Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a treatment for suicidal behavior and borderline personality disorder with well-documented efficacy. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hypothesis that unique aspects of DBT are more efficacious compared with treatment offered by non-behavioral psychotherapy experts. DESIGN One-year randomized controlled trial, plus 1 year of posttreatment follow-up. SETTING University outpatient clinic and community practice. PARTICIPANTS One hundred one clinically referred women with recent suicidal and self-injurious behaviors meeting DSM-IV criteria, matched to condition on age, suicide attempt history, negative prognostic indication, and number of lifetime intentional self-injuries and psychiatric hospitalizations. INTERVENTION One year of DBT or 1 year of community treatment by experts (developed to maximize internal validity by controlling for therapist sex, availability, expertise, allegiance, training and experience, consultation availability, and institutional prestige). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Trimester assessments of suicidal behaviors, emergency services use, and general psychological functioning. Measures were selected based on previous outcome studies of DBT. Outcome variables were evaluated by blinded assessors. RESULTS Dialectical behavior therapy was associated with better outcomes in the intent-to-treat analysis than community treatment by experts in most target areas during the 2-year treatment and follow-up period. Subjects receiving DBT were half as likely to make a suicide attempt (hazard ratio, 2.66; P = .005), required less hospitalization for suicide ideation (F(1,92) = 7.3; P = . 004), and had lower medical risk (F(1,50) = 3.2; P = . 04) across all suicide attempts and self-injurious acts combined. Subjects receiving DBT were less likely to drop out of treatment (hazard ratio, 3.2; P < .001) and had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations (F(1,92) = 6.0; P = . 007) and psychiatric emergency department visits (F(1,92) = 2.9; P = . 04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings replicate those of previous studies of DBT and suggest that the effectiveness of DBT cannot reasonably be attributed to general factors associated with expert psychotherapy. Dialectical behavior therapy appears to be uniquely effective in reducing suicide attempts.