Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gene Expression Patterns Associated with Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor (PPAR) Signaling in the Longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo (Korean Cattle)

Adipose tissue deposited within muscle fibers, known as intramuscular fat (IMF or marbling), is a major determinant of meat quality and thereby affects its economic value. The biological mechanisms that determine IMF content are therefore of interest. In this study, 48 genes involved in the bovine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, which is involved in lipid metabolism, were investigated to identify candidate genes associated with IMF in the longissimus dorsi of Hanwoo (Korean cattle). Ten genes, retinoid X receptor alpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), phospholipid transfer protein, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3, fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3), carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL), acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 2 branched chain, and fatty acid binding protein 4, showed significant effects with regard to IMF and were differentially expressed between the low- and high-marbled groups (p<0.05). Analysis of the gene co-expression network based on Pearson’s correlation coefficients identified 10 up-regulated genes in the high-marbled group that formed a major cluster. Among these genes, the PPARG-FABP4 gene pair exhibited the strongest correlation in the network. Glycerol kinase was found to play a role in mediating activation of the differentially expressed genes. We categorized the 10 significantly differentially expressed genes into the corresponding downstream pathways and investigated the direct interactive relationships among these genes. We suggest that fatty acid oxidation is the major downstream pathway affecting IMF content. The PPARG/RXRA complex triggers activation of target genes involved in fatty acid oxidation resulting in increased triglyceride formation by ATP production. Our findings highlight candidate genes associated with the IMF content of the loin muscle of Korean cattle and provide insight into the biological mechanisms that determine adipose deposition within muscle.
A low-phase-noise 5-GHz CMOS quadrature VCO using superharmonic coupling

A new concept for quadrature coupling of LC oscillators is introduced and demonstrated on a 5-GHz CMOS voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). It uses the second harmonic of the outputs to couple the oscillators. The technique provides quadrature over a wide tuning range without introducing any increase in phase noise or power consumption. The VCO is tunable between 4.57 and 5.21 GHz and has a phase noise lower than -124 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset over the entire tuning range. The worst-case measured image rejection is 33 dB. The circuit draws 8.75 mA from a 2.5-V supply.
Codon-level information improves predictions of inter-residue contacts in proteins by correlated mutation analysis

Methods for analysing correlated mutations in proteins are becoming an increasingly powerful tool for predicting contacts within and between proteins. Nevertheless, limitations remain due to the requirement for large multiple sequence alignments (MSA) and the fact that, in general, only the relatively small number of top-ranking predictions are reliable. To date, methods for analysing correlated mutations have relied exclusively on amino acid MSAs as inputs. Here, we describe a new approach for analysing correlated mutations that is based on combined analysis of amino acid and codon MSAs. We show that a direct contact is more likely to be present when the correlation between the positions is strong at the amino acid level but weak at the codon level. The performance of different methods for analysing correlated mutations in predicting contacts is shown to be enhanced significantly when amino acid and codon data are combined. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.08932. 001
Symmetry detection using frequency domain motion estimation techniques

A frequency domain approach for the detection of symmetries in real images is presented. Our framework is based on recent state-of-the-art research where motion estimation techniques are employed to sequentially determine all the associated parameters. In particular, we introduce several modifications regarding the order of symmetry estimation and the detection of the axes of possible bilateral symmetry. Preliminary results demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Parser Combinators for Extraction

Dislocation phenomena in natural language can be, and often are, thought of as the effects of movement transformations. We propose to handle these phenomena in terms of parser combinators [1, 3] that transform recursive descent parsers for a ‘deep structure language’ into parsers for a ‘surface structure language’. This combinator approach to extraction keeps close to the ‘movement’ intuition and gives a computational account of the well known island constraints on extraction first proposed in [2]. Parsers A parser is a function (encoded as a lambda term) that maps a list of categories X1, . , Xn, Xn+1, . , Xm (the input) to a list of pairs consisting of: • A parsed category A, • a list of unparsed categories Xn+1, . , Xm. Applied rule in this case was A −→ X1, . , Xn. Parsers A parser is a function (encoded as a lambda term) that maps a list of categories X1, . , Xn, Xn+1, . , Xm (the input) to a list of pairs consisting of: • A parsed category A, • a list of unparsed categories Xn+1, . , Xm. Applied rule in this case was A −→ X1, . , Xn. [X1, . , Xn, Xn+1, . , Xm] =⇒ A X1 . Xn [Xn+1, . , Xm]. If there are more applicable rules B −→ X1, . , C −→ X1, . this will generate additional pairs (B, [Xk, . . . , Xm]), (C, [Xp, . . . , Xm]). If there are more applicable rules B −→ X1, . , C −→ X1, . this will generate additional pairs (B, [Xk, . . . , Xm]), (C, [Xp, . . . , Xm]). If there are no applicable rules, the output list is empty. If there are more applicable rules B −→ X1, . , C −→ X1, . this will generate additional pairs (B, [Xk, . . . , Xm]), (C, [Xp, . . . , Xm]). If there are no applicable rules, the output list is empty. Type of a parser: [Cat] → [(Cat, [Cat])].
Modeling Advertising Expenditures and Spillover Effects Applied to the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beverage Industry: Vector Autoregression (VAR) and Polynomial Distributed Lag (PDL) Approaches

The non-alcoholic beverage market in the U.S. is a multi-billion dollar industry growing steadily over the past decade. Also, non-alcoholic beverages are among the most heavily advertised food and beverage groups in the United States. Several studies pertaining to non-alcoholic beverages including the incorporation of advertising effects have been conducted, but most of these have centered attention on milk consumption. Some studies have considered demand interrelationships for several beverages including advertising effects in systems-wide analyses. In our analysis, we develop and employ a unique monthly time-series data set derived from Nielsen Homsescan panels for household purchases of non-alcoholic beverages over the period from January 1998 through December 2009. This data set is subjected to the use of vector autoregression (VAR) and polynomial distributed lags (PDL) to examine own-advertising and cross-advertising effects for non-alcoholic beverages. Contemporaneous causal structures among advertising expenditures, quantities and prices of various non-alcoholic beverages also are studied using artificial intelligence approaches such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Once the VAR and PDL (through augmenting the AIDS model) are estimated, we can ascertain own- and cross-advertising effects of various beverages. Impulse response functions gleaned from the use of the VAR approach would show us the impacts of advertising expenditures of various beverages to a one-time-only shock. The direction and the strength of the impulse would speak to the effect of the adverting expenditure of one beverage on others. Error variance decompositions help us determine the magnitude of the contribution of advertising expenditures of several beverages on a given beverage. Similarly, own- and cross-adverting expenditure elasticities generated through the PDL help us determine the negative and positive spillover effects of advertising expenditure of one beverage on several others. The contemporaneous causal structure pertaining to advertising expenditures, quantities and prices of various beverages help identify endogenous, exogenous and/or weakly exogenous factors. Ultimately, the better model to ascertain the effect of advertising expenditures of various non-alcoholic beverages is identified through the study of out-of-sample forecasts generated though both models.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF BUG ALGORITHMS FOR MOBILE ROBOTS

In this study, Bug1, Bug2, and DistBug motion planning algorithms for mobile robots are simulated and their performances are compared. These motion planning algorithms are applied on a Pioneer mobile robot on the simulation environment of MobileSim. Sonar range sensors are used as the sensing elements. This study shows that mobile robots build a new motion planning using the bug’s algorithms only if they meet an unknown obstacle during their motion to the goal. Each of the bug’s algorithms is tested separately for an identical configuration space. At the end of this study, the performance comparison of the bug’s algorithms is shown.
Characterization of Imidazoline Receptors in Blood Vessels for the Development of Antihypertensive Agents

It has been indicated that activation of peripheral imidazoline I2-receptor (I-2R) may reduce the blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Also, guanidinium derivatives show the ability to activate imidazoline receptors. Thus, it is of special interest to characterize the I-2R using guanidinium derivatives in blood vessels for development of antihypertensive agent(s). Six guanidinium derivatives including agmatine, amiloride, aminoguanidine, allantoin, canavanine, and metformin were applied in this study. Western blot analysis was used for detecting the expression of imidazoline receptor in tissues of Wistar rats. The isometric tension of aortic rings isolated from male rats was also estimated. The expression of imidazoline receptor on rat aorta was identified. However, guanidinium derivatives for detection of aortic relaxation were not observed except agmatine and amiloride which induced a marked relaxation in isolated aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine or KCl. Both relaxations induced by agmatine and amiloride were attenuated by glibenclamide at concentration enough to block ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Meanwhile, only agmatine-induced relaxation was abolished by BU224, a selective antagonist of imidazoline I2-receptors. Taken together, we suggest that agmatine can induce vascular relaxation through activation of peripheral imidazoline I2-receptor to open KATP channels. Thus, agmatine-like compound has the potential to develop as a new therapeutic agent for hypertension in the future.
Managerial Responsibility, Environmental Practice, and Response Sets in a Sample of Chinese Hotel Managers

This article reports the results of attempting to reconcile the findings of clusters derived from Chinese hotel managers' scores on the New Environmental Paradigm with understandings of managerial responsibility and reported hotel environmental practices. Though initial results seemed consistent, closer examination revealed problems relating to possible response sets to the questionnaire items. Given a society where “face” is considered important, the question is raised in the article as to whether this may operate as a complicating factor when undertaking such research. It should be noted, however, that special circumstances may be operating given the proximity of the hotels to polluted lakes. 本文以新环境范式 (New Environmental Paradigm [NEP]) 指数分析中国酒店经理对经营责任的理解，然后试图将从 NEP 得分获取的聚类结果综合，并报告酒店的环境保护实践。 虽然初步研究结果一致，但细查后发现问卷题目可能存在反应定势的问题。 鉴于中国社会重视“面子”，本文对反应定势会否对进行此类研究构成复杂因素提出疑问。 然而，若酒店邻近受污染的湖泊，研究结果便有可能受此特殊情况所影响。
WHY EARN LESS ? Gender-based Factors Affecting the Earnings of Self-Employed Women in Turkey

Article to be published by JAI Press in a volume titled Middle Eastern Women and Work and edited by the Middle East Economic Association The opinions expressed in this paper belong to the author and do not represent any institution. Women for the past three years. Her research and program work have been in the fields of international political economy, institutional economics, and gender and economic development. In the last decade, she has collaborated and consulted with a range of institutions including UN agencies (UNIFEM, UNICEF, World Bank), USAID, host country governments, international and local NGOs, women's organizations and networks. She has written and published articles on impact of globalization on women's employment, microenterprise development (business development services), engendering macroeconomics (public Abstract This study, based on the author's Ph.D. dissertation carrying the same title and completed in December 1996, looks into the determinants of earnings differences between men and women among the urban self-employed in Turkey. It argues that in addition to human capital variables, there are social and institutional factors, which affect earnings of self-employed men and women. Some of these are gender-based factors, affecting women's earnings only. It also emphasizes that the earnings of an individual do not result from free and rational choices. Since women are not really expected to choose to concentrate in low-return, labor-intensive tasks, these choices are more likely to be made within the context of uneven economic development and pre-existing gender inequalities. This study attempts to explain the gender-based earnings gap by taking into account the interaction between economic factors and prevailing social and institutional structures such as the links between women's market and non-market work. The self-employed who are the focus of this study are urban lower middle-class and working-class women and men involved in a set of productive and service activities who would be unable to find employment in the formal markets and must generate their own employment with relatively little access or no access to capital, depending mainly on their labor. This study was based on a comprehensive 1995 survey of 705 women and men entrepreneurs in Turkey collected by the author and a team of researchers. The results show that five gender-based factors-marital status, ratio of time on non-market work over market work, childcare arrangements, location of business, and working in most-traditional sectors-were significant for the women's subsets of the data. Being married, having others take care of children …
Online marginalized linear stacked denoising autoencoders for learning from big data stream

Big non-stationary data, which comes in gradual fashion or stream, is one important issue in the application of big data to train deep learning machines. In this paper, we focused on a unique variant of traditional autoencoder, which is called Marginalized Linear Stacked Denoising Autoencoder (MLSDA). MLSDA uses a simple linear model. It is faster and uses less number of parameters than the traditional SDA. It also takes advantages of convex optimization. It has better improvement in the bag of words feature representation. However, the traditional SDA with stochastic gradient descent has been more widely accepted in many applications. The stochastic gradient descent is naturally an online learning. It makes the traditional SDA more scalable for streaming big data. This paper proposes a simple modification of MLSDA. Our modification uses matrix multiplication concept for online learning. The experiment result showed the similar accuracy level compared with a batch version of MLSDA and using lower computation resources. The online MLSDA will improve the scalability of MLSDA for handling streaming big data that representing bag of words features for natural language processing, information retrieval, and computer vision.
Integral equation methods for scattering by infinite rough surfaces

In this paper, we consider the Dirichlet and impedance boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation in a non‐locally perturbed half‐plane. These boundary value problems arise in a study of time‐harmonic acoustic scattering of an incident field by a sound‐soft, infinite rough surface where the total field vanishes (the Dirichlet problem) or by an infinite, impedance rough surface where the total field satisfies a homogeneous impedance condition (the impedance problem). We propose a new boundary integral equation formulation for the Dirichlet problem, utilizing a combined double‐ and single‐layer potential and a Dirichlet half‐plane Green's function. For the impedance problem we propose two boundary integral equation formulations, both using a half‐plane impedance Green's function, the first derived from Green's representation theorem, and the second arising from seeking the solution as a single‐layer potential. We show that all the integral equations proposed are uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions for all wavenumbers. As an important corollary we prove that, for a variety of incident fields including an incident plane wave, the impedance boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution under certain constraints on the boundary impedance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuberculosis Infection and Latent Tuberculosis

Active tuberculosis (TB) has a greater burden of TB bacilli than latent TB and acts as an infection source for contacts. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the state in which humans are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis without any clinical symptoms, radiological abnormality, or microbiological evidence. TB is transmissible by respiratory droplet nucleus of 1–5 µm in diameter, containing 1–10 TB bacilli. TB transmission is affected by the strength of the infectious source, infectiousness of TB bacilli, immunoresistance of the host, environmental stresses, and biosocial factors. Infection controls to reduce TB transmission consist of managerial activities, administrative control, engineering control, environmental control, and personal protective equipment provision. However, diagnosis and treatment for LTBI as a national TB control program is an important strategy on the precondition that active TB is not missed. Therefore, more concrete evidences for LTBI management based on clinical and public perspectives are needed.
Broadband Internet adoption challenge: An investigation of broadband utilization in the United States

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate empirically how broadband has been implemented at the business level and what are the potential adoption benchmarks. Several recent studies have called for the development of frameworks of broadband adoption, particularly at the business level, to help policy makers, communities and businesses with their strategic decision-making process. Design/methodology/approach – This paper opens the discussion by presenting concerns and challenges of Internet adoption. Internet adoption is viewed as the current challenge facing businesses, communities and governments. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques are used to create, analyze and develop Internet adoption models. Findings – Based on the Internet usage data from a number of states across the USA, measurement models are developed using EFA and CFA. The findings indicate that for our sample, a three-factor model is the most appropriate for the representation of Internet adopti.
Dual-band bandpass filters using equal-length coupled-serial-shunted lines and Z-transform technique

A synthesizing method is presented to design and implement digital dual-band filters in the microwave frequency range. A dual-band filter consists of a bandstop filter and a wide-band bandpass filter in a cascade connection, wherein the transfer functions of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter are expressed in the Z domain. The bandstop filter is implemented by using a coupled-serial-shunted line structure, while the wide-band bandpass filter is constructed by using a serial-shunted line configuration. In particular, the bandwidth of each passband of the dual-band filter is controllable by adjusting the characteristics of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter. By neglecting the dispersion effect between microstrip lines of different widths over a wide bandwidth, a dual-band filter is realized in the form of microstrip lines and its frequency responses are measured to validate this method.
Integration of Information Technologies in Enterprise Application Development

Healthcare enterprises are disconnected. In the era of integrated information systems and Internet explosion, the necessity of information systems integration reside from business process evolution, on the one hand, and from information technology tendencies, on the other hand. In order to become more efficient and adaptive to change, healthcare organizations are tremendously preoccupied of business process automation, flexibility and complexity. The need of information systems integration arise from these goals, explaining, at the same time, the special interest in EAI. Extensible software integration architectures and business orientation of process modeling and information systems functionalities, the same as open-connectivity, accessibility and virtualization lead to most suitable integration solutions: SOA and BPM architectural styles in a cloud computing environment.
Toll-like Receptor-4 Polymorphisms and Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Calcified Neurocysticercosis and Seizures

AbstractWe evaluated seizure profile, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 polymorphisms, and serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in patients with calcified neurocysticercosis.One-hundred nine patients with calcified neurocysticercosis with newly diagnosed seizures and 109 control subjects were enrolled. TLR-4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms and serum MMP-9 levels were evaluated. The patients were followed for 1 year.Asp/Gly (P = 0.012) and Thr/Ile (P = 0.002), Gly (Asp/Gly plus Gly/Gly) (P = 0.008) and Ile (Thr/Ile plus Ile/Ile) (P = 0.003) genotypes were significantly associated with calcified neurocysticercosis compared with controls. Gly/Gly and Ile/Ile genotypes were not significantly associated (P = 0.529 for Gly/Gly, P = 0.798 for Ile/Ile) with either group. The levels of MMP-9 were higher in calcified neurocysticercosis (P = < 0.001). The levels of MMP-9 were higher in patients with multiple calcified neurocysticercosis compared with single calcified neurocysticercosis (P = < 0.001). Headache (P = 0.031), status epilepticus (P = 0.029), Todd paralysis (P = 0.039), lesion size >10 mm (P = 0.001), and perilesional edema (P = < 0.001) were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. Heterozygous form Asp/Gly (P = < 0.001) and heterozygous form Thr/Ile (P = < 0.001) were significantly associated with seizure recurrence. The Gly (Asp/Gly plus Gly/Gly) (P = < 0.001) and Ile (Thr/Ile plus Ile/Ile) (P = < 0.001) genotypes were also significantly associated with seizure recurrence. Higher serum MMP-9 levels were significantly associated with seizure recurrence (P = < 0.001). The TLR-4 gene abnormalities may trigger inflammation around calcified neurocysticercosis leading to an increase in perilesional edema and provocation of seizures.