Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Dimensions and Social Function Born in Latin America: Property Limits in the U.S. and the European Union Legal Systems

This article is a comparative analysis of property systems and their social dimensions between the United States (U.S.) and the European Union (EU). Throughout the article, we show how the fees and development taxes applied in the U.S. refer to an ex ante rationale assumed by private owners to compensate communities for land transformation or environmental impacts, while inside the EU, the political consensus is responsible for the imposition of limits in ex post abuses of ownership. Either in public administrations, or in the Council of Ministers of the EU, the social function of property is better understood as a sensitive matter of national governments that may affect the harmony of the organisation (Trstenjak, 2017). First, we point out the importance of the social function of property in historical terms with the intellectual debate introduced by Léon Duguit on the internal limits of ownership. Second, we apply an interpretative methodology to distinguish the meaning, use and totality of law from experience (Ferrajoli, 2008). Third, leading U.S. and EU case laws about disputes involving impact fees, development taxes and the juridical category of social dimension are discussed. Our study concludes that the U.S. legal system is mostly linked to the notion of fees and taxes to tackle abuses in urban development against the environment. The American federalist pact provides public administrations, local, and state courts with robust discretionary power. In contrast, we observed that the EU tends to be more anarchical in mechanisms of enforcement when compared to its institutional legal organisms with supranational binding decisions (Muir, 2015; Wendt, 1992).
Expression of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, on human intestinal epithelial cells

Maternal IgG is transferred to the suckling mouse and rat through a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐related Fc receptor (FcRn) on the brush border of the proximal small intestine. We have previously described a site on the epithelial surface of the human fetal intestine with IgG binding characteristics similar to FcRn. We report here the identification by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of the human orthologue of rat and mouse FcRn in tissue obtained from human fetal and adult intestine. FcRn protein was detected in adult human intestine by western blot. Immunohistochemical studies of sections of human intestine show that the FcRn is localized mostly to the epithelial cells, where it is in the apical region. These data suggest that the binding of IgG previously seen in the fetal intestine is due to the presence of FcRn. Potential roles for this MHC class I‐like Fc receptor in the human intestine include the transfer of passive immunity, induction of oral tolerance, and immunosurveillance.
Cardiovascular effects of hyperoxia during and after cardiac surgery

During and after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, high concentrations of oxygen are routinely administered, with the intention of preventing cellular hypoxia. We systematically reviewed the literature addressing the effects of arterial hyperoxia. Extensive evidence from pre‐clinical experiments and clinical studies in other patient groups suggests predominant harm, caused by oxidative stress, vasoconstriction, perfusion heterogeneity and myocardial injury. Whether these alterations are temporary and benign, or actually affect clinical outcome, remains to be demonstrated. In nine clinical cardiac surgical studies in low‐risk patients, higher oxygen targets tended to compromise cardiovascular function, but did not affect clinical outcome. No data about potential beneficial effects of hyperoxia, such as reduction of gas micro‐emboli or post‐cardiac surgery infections, were reported. Current evidence is insufficient to specify optimal oxygen targets. Nevertheless, the safety of supraphysiological oxygen suppletion is unproven. Randomised studies with a variety of oxygen targets and inclusion of high‐risk patients are needed to identify optimal oxygen targets during and after cardiac surgery.
Ultra-high Q.f product laterally-coupled AlN/silicon and AlN/sapphire High Overtone Bulk Acoustic wave Resonators

We investigate the use of laterally-coupled High Overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators (HBAR) based on AlN thin films sputtered on silicon and sapphire substrates in order to target an operation frequency between 2 and 5 GHz. Being tightly coupled, they generate an extremely narrow bandwidth, assimilated to a single resonance whose unloaded quality factors reach respectively 3,300 and 2,000 at 2.5 and 4.4 GHz on silicon substrates and 25,000 at both frequencies on sapphire substrates. The later lead to Q.f factors close to 1.1 1014 Hz, reaching after twenty years the record established by Kline and Lakin [1]. More interestingly, for filters fabricated on Sapphire substrates, quality factors do not scale with frequency, indicating that viscoelastic losses in Sapphire are not yet the most limiting factor. Indeed, we demonstrate that a compromise needs to be drawn between insertion loss and quality factor in such structures.
Estimation of the Key Economic Determinants of Services Trade: Evidence from India

India’s services trade benefited immensely from the change in policy stance from import substitution to export promotion post-1991, and received a further boost when India became a member of the WTO in 1995. India exhibits a strong revealed comparative advantage in services compared to goods. This paper aims to estimate the key economic determinants of India’s international trade in services during the post-reform period from 1996-97 to 2011-12. It involves the estimation of income and price elasticities of India’s services trade using the ARDL approach to co-integration. This study finds that the income elasticity of India’s services exports is quite high and statistically significant in the long run, when the GDP of OECD countries is taken as proxy for GDP of importing countries. Price elasticity of services exports is found to be negative but statistically insignificant. In case of India’s services imports, both the income and price elasticities of demand are found to be positive and statistically significant. Services imports are found to be more responsive to changes in income than relative prices. The implications of the empirical findings for India’s Current Account Deficit are also explored.
Design of Length-Compatible Polar Codes Based on the Reduction of Polarizing Matrices

Length-compatible polar codes are a class of polar codes which can support a wide range of lengths with a single pair of encoder and decoder. In this paper we propose a method to construct length-compatible polar codes by employing the reduction of the 2n × 2n polarizing matrix proposed by Arikan. The conditions under which a reduced matrix becomes a polarizing matrix supporting a polar code of a given length are first analyzed. Based on these conditions, length-compatible polar codes are constructed in a suboptimal way by codeword-puncturing and information-refreezing processes. They have low encoding and decoding complexity since they can be encoded and decoded in a similar way as a polar code of length 2n. Numerical results show that length-compatible polar codes designed by the proposed method provide a performance gain of about 1.0 - 5.0 dB over those obtained by random puncturing when successive cancellation decoding is employed.
A novel oncogene, v-ryk, encoding a truncated receptor tyrosine kinase is transduced into the RPL30 virus without loss of viral sequences

The RPL viruses are acute oncogenic avian retroviruses isolated from chicken tumors. We carried out a genetic analysis of three of the viruses, RPL25, RPL28, and RPL30. While RPL25 and RPL28 were shown to contain the erbB oncogene, RPL30 appeared to contain a novel protein tyrosine kinase oncogene. This gene, v-ryk, was cloned and sequenced. The v-ryk oncogene contains a 1.39-kb nonretroviral sequence that includes a tyrosine kinase domain which was inserted into the viral envelope protein gp37-coding region and fused in frame with upstream gp37 to generate a P69gp37-ryk fusion oncoprotein. Unlike that of other acutely transforming retroviruses, transduction of the v-ryk gene into RPL30 did not result in deletion of viral sequences. Sequence analysis suggested that v-Ryk is more homologous to receptor-type tyrosine kinases than to nonreceptor-type kinases. By reconstitution of a virus from its cDNA, the v-ryk oncogene has been shown to be fully responsible for the transforming activity of the RPL30 virus. Antibodies specific to v-Ryk immunoprecipitated the v-Ryk oncoprotein from cells transformed by the RPL30 virus. The v-Ryk protein was shown to be first synthesized as a 150-kDa precursor and then cleaved into the mature 69-kDa gp37-Ryk fusion protein, both parts of which were found to be localized to the membrane fraction. As expected from the sequence of v-Ryk, immunoprecipitates of v-Ryk from RPL30-transformed cells were found to display a protein tyrosine kinase activity in vitro, and the levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are elevated in v-ryk-transformed cells.
The Impact of New Drug Launches on Longevity Growth in Nine Middle Eastern and African Countries, 2007–2015

Abstract This study provides econometric evidence about the impact that new chemical entity (NCE) launches had on premature mortality from 17 diseases in 9 Middle Eastern and African countries during the period 2007–2015. The greater the relative number of NCEs for a disease launched in a country, the greater the subsequent relative decline in premature mortality from that disease, controlling for the average rate of mortality decline in each country and from each disease. An 8-year increase in the number of post-1992 NCEs ever launched is estimated to have reduced the number of years of potential life lost before age 75 (YPLL75) in 2015 by 9.5 %. This is approximately half of the 18.9 % reduction in YPLL75, and about one-third of the 29.7 % reduction in the premature mortality rate. In the absence of 8 previous years of NCE launches, 2.80 million additional YPLL before age 75 would have been lost in 2015. Expenditure on new drugs per life-year below age 75 gained in 2015 from the drugs was $US 834. According to the standards of the WHO’s Choosing Interventions that are cost–effective project, new drugs launched in the nine ME&A countries were very cost–effective overall.
Experiments in Wording Opinion Questions

It is well known that responses to an opinion question can be influenced by the precise format and wording of the question. This paper reviews published research in two broad areas of question design: the effects of offering different response options, and the effects of response order and the context of the question. Results from a recent experiment provide further examples of question wording effects on both the marginal distributions of responses and the pattern of associations between questionnaire items.
Case series of familial frontal fibrosing alopecia and a review of the literature

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a distinctive form of scarring alopecia presenting with partial eyebrow loss and frontal temporal parietal recession of the hairline. Its etiology remains unknown, and there is no definitive treatment. Information in familial cases of FFA is scarce. We conducted a retrospective cohort study describing the mean clinical findings, treatment, and also the mean differences between premenopausal and postmenopausal cases of familiar FFA. Data analysis from case was performed on eight patients with a familiar history and diagnosis of FFA seen at the Alicante Aesthetic Dermatology Centre between January 2009 and June 2014. All patients in this cohort were females. Mean age at onset was 65 year (range 60–75) in the postmenopausal patients and 39 year (range 33–47) in the premenopausal women. All menopausal patients were in an advanced stage when the disease had already developed in the frontal and/or temporal parietal hairline region. However, the daughters, all of them premenopausal age, attended the consultation with mild involvement of the eyebrows in all four cases and mild impairment of the frontal hairline in three of them. Specific clinical findings in familial FFA are poorly communicated until nowadays although the number of familial cases arises until 8% in the main case series published in recent years. Early diagnosis in premenopausal stage is frequent in our case series and allows us to begin the protocol treatment in the first stage of the disease, but long‐term progression will remain uncertain until a definitive treatment could be established by multicenter randomized controlled trials.
"Really Useful Research" for Real Equality and Justice in Adult and Community Education.

87 Abstract In recent decades, adult and community education has emerged as a distinctive discipline in its own right, based on scholarship in the quest for real equality and social justice. This distinctive discipline is already characterised by ‘really useful practice’, that is, critical, creative pedagogy, heavily influenced by women’s studies and women’s community education. Further, it draws on ‘really useful knowledge’, the cocreation of knowledge for critical consciousness. I make the case that we in the field need to develop a distinctive research approach to underpin the discipline, ‘really useful research’ that is dedicated to promoting emancipation, addressing inequality and inequity, in order to counter the ways in which research has been employed in maintaining the status quo. The article argues that research is not neutral, as feminist research approaches has demonstrated so clearly. And research has been used in a reductionist and instrumental manner, to implement global agendas for private gain rather than public good. Critical adult and community educators are dedicated to real equality and social justice, and ‘really useful research’ will provide the wherewithal to works towards that end.
Narrative story stems with high risk six year-olds: Differential associations with mother- and teacher-reported psycho-social adjustment

Children's responses on a Narrative Story Stem Technique (NSST) were coded using scales reflecting essential attachment constructs, specifically, attachment, exploratory, sociability, and caregiving behavioral systems, as originally conceived by Bowlby (1973, 1982) and elaborated upon by his followers (Cassidy, 2008). NSST responses were examined in relation to both mother- and teacher-reported psycho-social adjustment and risk using the MacArthur Health & Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ). Forty-six children participated (average age 6 years 10 months), 19 of whom had high-risk backgrounds, and the rest demographically matched. Findings indicate that NSST scales were associated with behavior on certain HBQ scales, in expected directions. NSST responses appeared to differentiate socially competent children from children with the specific psycho-social risks of externalizing behavior problems and social isolation, according to mother-reports, on the one hand, and peer vulnerability and internalizing problems, according to teacher-reports, on the other. Implications for clinical applications are discussed.
The Iconoscope - A Modern Version Of The Electric Eye

This paper gives a preliminary outline of work with a device which is truly an electric eye, the iconoscope, as a means of viewing a scene for television transmission and similar applications. It required ten years to bring the original idea to its present state of perfection. The iconoscope is a vacuum device with a photo-sensitive surface of a unique type. This photo-sensitive surface is scanned by a cathode ray beam which serves as a type of inertialess commutator. A new principle of operation permits very high output from the device. The sensitivity of the iconoscope, at present, is approximately equal to that of photographic film operating at the speed of a motion picture camera. The resolution of the iconoscope is high, fully adequate for television. The paper describes the theory of the device, its characteristics and mode of operation. In its application to television the iconoscope replaces mechanical scanning equipment and several stages of amplification. The whole system is entirely electrical without a single mechanically moving part. The reception of the image is accomplished by a kinescope or cathode ray receiving tube described in an earlier paper. The tube opens wide possibilities for applications in many fields as an electric eye, which is sensitive not only to the visible spectrum but also to the infra-red and ultra-violet region.
Different from renal artery only clamping, artery and vein clamping causes a significant reduction in number of rat glomeruli during warm ischemia.

PURPOSE To evaluate glomerular injury in the rat model during renal warm ischemia (WI), comparing artery and vein (AV) clamping with artery only (AO) clamping. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four adult male rats underwent 60 minutes of renal WI in the left kidney. The animals were divided into three groups: AV clamping, AO clamping, and Sham surgery. After 30 days, the animals were euthanized, and both kidneys were processed for paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Glomerular volume density (Vv[glom]), mean glomerular volume (MGV), and number of glomeruli per mm(3) (Nv[glom]) were evaluated in the renal cortex. RESULTS The Vv[glom] was reduced in the left kidney (ischemic) when compared with the right kidney in both AV and AO groups by 11.1% and 35.4%, respectively; however, the difference was significant only in the AV group. The Nv[glom] was reduced in the left kidney when compared with the right kidney in both AV and AO groups by 11.6% and 31.4%, respectively; nevertheless, the difference was significant only in the AV group. The MGV of left and right kidneys was the same in both Sham and AO groups and was diminished by 6.7% in the AV group-not significant. CONCLUSION AV clamping causes a significant decrease in the number of glomeruli in the rat model, while AO clamping reduces the glomerular number, but not significantly. To minimize renal injury, AO clamping may be preferred over AV clamping when WI is necessary in patients with previously compromised renal function.
Mechanical Stimulation and IGF‐1 Enhance mRNA Translation Rate in Osteoblasts Via Activation of the AKT‐mTOR Pathway

Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is anabolic for muscle by enhancing the rate of mRNA translation via activation of AKT and subsequent activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTOR), thereby increasing cellular protein production. IGF‐1 is also anabolic for bone, but whether the mTOR pathway plays a role in the rate of bone matrix protein production by osteoblasts is unknown. We hypothesized that anabolic stimuli such as mechanical loading and IGF‐1 stimulate protein synthesis in osteoblasts via activation of the AKT‐mTOR pathway. MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts were either or not subjected for 1 h to mechanical loading by pulsating fluid flow (PFF) or treated with or without human recombinant IGF‐1 (1–100 ng/ml) for 0.5–6 h, to determine phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K (downstream of mTOR) by Western blot. After 4 days of culture with or without the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, total protein, DNA, and gene expression were quantified. IGF‐1 (100 ng/ml) reduced IGF‐1 gene expression, although PFF enhanced IGF‐1 expression. IGF‐1 did not affect collagen‐I gene expression. IGF‐1 dose‐dependently enhanced AKT and p70S6K phosphorylation at 2 and 6 h. PFF enhanced phosphorylation of AKT and p70S6K already within 1 h. Both IGF‐1 and PFF enhanced total protein per cell by ∼30%, but not in the presence of rapamycin. Our results show that IGF‐1 and PFF activate mTOR, thereby stimulating the rate of mRNA translation in osteoblasts. The known anabolic effect of mechanical loading and IGF‐1 on bone may thus be partly explained by mTOR‐mediated enhanced protein synthesis in osteoblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1283–1290, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INFORMATION NEEDS AND SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF STUDENTS OF THE NIGERIAN ARMY SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, SOBI BARRACKS, ILORIN, NIGERIA

The environment in which human being, particularly, students operate makes information to be one of the decisive factors for survival. Students seek information to fill an identified gap in their quest for knowledge. This study, therefore, investigated information needs and seeking behaviour of students of the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria. Five (5) research objectives were formulated for this study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. Population for the study comprised of students at the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin. Israel (2003) model for determining sample size was used to calculate the sample size with precision levels of 5% and confidence level of 95% and the recommended sample size was two hundred and twelve (212). A simple random sampling technique was used to select the samples from the population. The self-designed questionnaire was divided into six (6) sections. The content-related approach of validation was conducted to ensure the validity of the instrument while Cronbach alpha was used to test the reliability of the instrument and the overall reliability of the instrument was r = 0.832. The collated copies of the questionnaire were analyzed with the IBM SPSS version 21.0 using simple frequency counts and percentage. The presentations of the data for the research objectives were done using tables, pie charts and bar charts. The findings of the study showed that academic information is the major information need of the students of the Nigerian Army School of Education, Ilorin, Nigeria. The findings further revealed that the Internet and library are the most commonly used sources of information. The findings also showed that the major purpose at which the students seek information is to update their knowledge and to enhance their professional activities. However, the findings generally indicated that most students firstly acknowledge their information needs and compare available resources before making the final decision and if they seem not comfortable with the information they need in a particular information material, they will continue searching for information until they are satisfied. Among numerous challenges affecting information seeking behaviour of students, this study found insufficient library opening hours as the major challenge confronting the students of the Nigerian Army School of Education. The study, therefore, recommended that library working hours should be extended to meet the need of the students and that the library management should ensure that adequate collection of books is made available.
Compact PolInSAR for vegetation characterisation

In this paper, we analyse the potential associated with a compact polarimetry (CP) P band spaceborne SAR system. Indeed, this architecture allows polarimetric acquisition without the usual reduction in swath. The CP data is shown to be almost equivalent to the full polarimetric data over extended targets, and the PolInSAR analysis can be performed without a significant loss of performance.