Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reusable hierarchical command objects

The Amulet user interface development environment uses hierarchical command objects to support the creation of highly-interactive graphical user interfaces. When input arrives or a widget is operated by the user, instead of invoking a call-back procedure as in most other toolkits, Amulet allocates a command object and calls its DO method. Unlike previous uses of command objects, Amulet organizes the commands into a hierarchy, so that low-level operations like dragging or selection invoke low-level commands, which in turn might invoke widget-level commands, which invoke high-level, application-specific commands, and so on. The top-level commands correspond to semantic actions of the program. The result is better modularization because different levels of the user interface are independent, and better code reuse because the lower-level commands, and even many high-level commands such as cut, copy, paste, text edit, and change-color, can be reused from the library. Furthermore, the commands in Amulet support a new form of Undo, where the user can select any previous operation and selectively undo it, repeat it on the same objects, or repeat it on new objects. In addition, operations like scrolling and selections can be undone or repeated, which can be very useful. Thus, the command objects in Amulet make it easier for developers by providing more reusable components, while at the same time providing new capabilities for users.
Evaluating Information Security Investments from Attackers Perspective: the Return-On-Attack (ROA)

Producing a cost-bene(cid:2)t analyses of security solutions has always been hard, because the bene(cid:2)ts are dif(cid:2)cult to assess and often only a part of the overall cost is clear. Despite this, today the provision of economic evaluations of security technology investments is a requirement that more and more customers ask vendors to satisfy. In this paper, we consider the typical calculation of a Return-On-Investment (ROI) index based on the evaluation of the Annual Loss Expectancy (ALE), as the one provided usually by vendors of IT security. Our motivating assumption is that such classical index, the ROI, provides a partial characterization of investments in information security technology, because it lacks to explicitly consider attackers’ behavior. We suggest that to better evaluate security technology investments, the ROI index should be coupled with a corresponding index aimed at measuring the convenience of attacks, the Return-On-Attack (ROA) expecially in situation where different technologies are combined or where the possible degradation of a security solution’s ef(cid:2)ciency over time must be taken into account.
Data abstraction for designing database-intensive applications

There is a growing exchange of ideas amongst Artificial Intelligence (AI), Database (DB) and Programming Language (PL) researchers concerning conceptual modelling of complex, object-oriented applications. The complexity of these applications arises from complicated structural and behavioral properties which change through time; concurrent, interactive access by users with different processing needs over a shared database; information locality (i.e., DB views, PL data abstractions, AI perspectives); and primarily update-oriented transactions. Two main problems raised by these applications are: managing the intellectual complexity of their design, development and evolution, and defining and ensuring semantic integrity.
Supplementation of Concentrate / Legume Hay with Maize Silage on Nutrient Utilization and Nitrogen Balance in Nellore Ram Lambs

An on-farm experiment was conducted with Nellore ram lambs by feeding intensively for five months period with sole maize silage (R-I), silage + concentrate at 0.5 per cent body weight (R-II), silage + concentrate at 1.0 per cent body weight (R-III), silage + concentrate at 1.5 per cent body weight (R-IV), silage + lucerne hay (R-V) and silage + GN haulms (R-VI) to develop a feeding system based on maize (Zea mays) silage with supplementation of concentrate mixture and or legume hay/straw at appropriate level to study the nutrient utilization and nitrogen metabolism and compared with the performance of ram lambs fed sweet sorghum bagasse based complete diet (R-VII). The DMI (g/d) was significantly (P<0.01) higher by 25.19, 29.74, 34.82, 31.04, 27.6 and 26.56 per cent respectively with R-II, RIII, R-IV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations in comparison to R-I ration (sole silage). The DMI (g/d) was almost similar in lambs fed rations R-III, R-V and R-VI. The lowest DMI (g/d) was observed in ram lambs fed R-I ration. The DMI (g/kg w0.75) in ram lambs was also significantly (P<0.01) different among the seven rations and was highest in ration R-III and lowest in ration R-I in comparison to the other rations. Almost similar DMI/kg w0.75 was observed in ram lambs fed rations R-II, R-IV, R-V and R-VI. Mean digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, CP, EE, CF and NFE in ram lambs fed R-I, R-II, R-III, R-IV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations were non significantly different among the seven rations. Average NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities were comparable and insignificantly increased as the level of concentrate increased in the ration. The N intake (g/d) was significantly (P<0.01) higher by 41.14, 52.82, 61.87, 51.93, 37.72 and 64.94 per cent, respectively with R-II, R-III, RIV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations in comparison to R-I ration. The N out go through faeces and urine in ram lambs was significantly (P<0.01) different among the seven rations. The N balance (g/d) in lambs was either significantly or non significantly higher by 41.24 (>0.05), 62.38 (P>0.05), 76.59 (P<0.01), 73.24 (P<0.01), 56.49 (P>0.05) and 72.99 (P<0.01) per cent, respectively with R-II, R-III, R-IV, R-V, R-VI and R-VII rations in comparison to R-I ration. Based on the results of this study it is concluded that, supplementation of concentrate and or legume hay did not affected the digestibilities of nutrients. However affected the nitrogen utilization in Nellore ram lambs.
Performance analysis of the CONFIDANT protocol

Mobile ad-hoc networking works properly only if the participating nodes cooperate in routing and forwarding. However,it may be advantageous for individual nodes not to cooperate. We propose a protocol, called CONFIDANT, for making misbehavior unattractive; it is based on selective altruism and utilitarianism. It aims at detecting and isolating misbehaving nodes, thus making it unattractive to deny cooperation. Trust relationships and routing decisions are based on experienced, observed, or reported routing and forwarding behavior of other nodes. The detailed implementation of CONFIDANT in this paper assumes that the network layer is based on the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. We present a performance analysis of DSR fortified by CONFIDANT and compare it to regular defenseless DSR. It shows that a network with CONFIDANT and up to 60% of misbehaving nodes behaves almost as well as a benign network, in sharp contrast to a defenseless network. All simulations have been implemented and performed in GloMoSim.
Text Mining in Radiological Data Records: An Unsupervised Neural Network Approach

The rapid growth in digitalized medical records presents new opportunities for coalescing terra bytes of data into information that could provide us with new knowledge. The knowledge discovered as such could assist medical practitioners in a myriad of ways, for example in selecting the optimal diagnostic tool from among many possible choices. We analyzed the radiology department records of children who had undergone a CT scanning procedure at Nagasaki University Hospital in the year 2004. We employed self organizing maps (SOM), an unsupervised neural network based text-mining technique for the analysis. This approach led to the identification of keywords within the narratives accompanying the medical records that could contribute to reduction of unnecessary CT requests by clinicians. This is important because overuse of medical radiation poses significant health risks to children in spite of the invaluable diagnostic capacity of such procedures
Cost-E ffi cient Power Allocation in OFDMA Cognitive Radio Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) systems allow opportunistic, secondary users (SUs) to access portions of the spectrum that are unused by the network’s licensed primary users (PUs), provided that the induced interference does not compromise the PU’ performance guarantees. To account for interference constraints of this type, we consider a flexible spectrum access pricing scheme that charges SUs based on the interference that they cause to the system’s PUs (individually, globally, or both), and we examine how SUs can maximize their achievable transmission rate in this setting. We show that the resulting non-cooperative game admits a unique Nash equilibrium under very mild assumptions on the pricing mechanism employed by the network operator. In addition, we derive a dynamic power allocation policy that converges to equilibrium within a few iterations (even for large numbers of users), and which relies only on local signal-to-interferenceplus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements. Our theoretical analysis is complemented by extensive numerical simulations which illustrate the performance and scalability properties of the proposed pricing scheme under realistic network conditions.
Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence --Introductory note by

2. Prevalence rates for Europe do not exist, but many member states have increasingly conducted surveys to measure the extent of violence against women nationally. Although methodologies vary, an overview of these surveys suggests that across countries, one-fifth to one-quarter of all women have experienced physical violence at least once during their adult lives and more than one-tenth have suffered sexual violence involving the use of force. Figures for all forms of violence, including stalking, are as high as 45%. The majority of such violent acts are carried out by men in their immediate social environment, most often by partners and ex-partners.
A zero-forcing approximate log-likelihood receiver for MIMO bit-interleaved coded modulation

This letter considers multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with bit-interleaved coded modulation. An approximate log-likelihood decoding approach is presented based on a zero-forcing receiver. The implementation complexity is low compared to the maximum likelihood (ML) receiver. We show that the performance gap, compared to ML, reduces when either the number of receive antennas or the modulation order is increased. Results are presented for both narrowband fast-fading, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) channels. In the OFDM case, we demonstrate performance gaps as low as 0.5 dB for MIMO extensions to the IEEE 802.11a wireless local area network physical layer standard.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation by Artificial Regression by Russell Davidson

Artificial regressions are developed, based on elementary zero functions, that exploit the fact that the normal distribution is completely characterised by its first two moments. These artificial regressions can be used as the basis of numerical algorithms for the maximum likelihood estimation of models with normally distributed random elements, and other estimation techniques based on the optimisation of criterion functions. The proposed algorithms are often simpler to program than many conventional algorithms for the optimisation of functions, and they have the advantage that an asymptotically correct estimate of the covariance matrix of the parameter estimates is computed as a by-product. Specific examples discussed include regression models with ARMA or (G)ARCH errors.
Three-dimensional coverage control of common control signals for coverage holes elimination and interference suppression

A new demand of three-dimensional (3D) coverage of wireless signals is arising, since the wireless traffics are gradually distributed in 3D space in the processes of urbanization and high-rise building's popularization. In this paper, 3D coverage control technology based on planar array antenna and 3D beamforming is investigated, and a novel control algorithm HEIS is proposed. Starting from the key performance metrics, i.e., weak coverage ratio (WCR), interference level (IL) and transmission power, an optimization model is established to minimize the transmission power with the constraints of zero WCR and zero IL. Semi-definite relaxation, randomization and compensation adjustment are adopted step by step to obtain suboptimal excitation weights for feeding planar array antenna. It is validated through simulation that the proposed HEIS algorithm outperforms the antenna power-downtilt joint adjustment method in coverage hole elimination, inter-cell interference suppression and energy saving obviously.
Nearest neighbor analysis of psychological spaces.

Geometric models impose an upper bound on the number of points that can share the same nearest neighbor. A much more restrictive bound is implied by the assumption that the data points represent a sample from some continuous distribution in a multidimensional Euclidean space. The analysis of 100 data sets shows that most perceptual data satisfy the geometric-statistical bound whereas many conceptual data sets exceed it. The most striking discrepancies between the data and their multidimensional representations arise in semantic fields when the stimulus set includes a focal element (e.g., a superordinate category) that is the nearest neighbor of many of its instances. Theoretical and methodological implications of nearest neighbor analysis are discussed.
Colocated MIMO radar: Cramer-Rao bound and optimal time division multiplexing for DOA estimation of moving targets

Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) radars with colocated transmit and receive antennas offer the advantage of a larger (virtual) aperture compared to a conventional Single-Input-Multiple-Output (SIMO) radar. Hence a higher accuracy of the estimated direction of arrival (DOA) of a target can be achieved. In general, the accuracy of DOA estimators decreases in a MIMO radar if the target moves relative to the radar, because the motion causes an unknown phase change of the baseband signal due to the Doppler effect. We compute the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) of DOA estimation of a non-stationary target for a MIMO radar with colocated antennas for a general time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme. This allows a quantitative comparison of different MIMO and SIMO radars. Moreover, we derive an optimal TDM scheme such that the CRB is as small as in the stationary case. The results are confirmed by simulations.
Goal Attainment: A New Look at the Meaning of Attrition at a Community College. AIR 1995 Annual Forum Paper.

The importance of considering the students's goal for attending community college in examining attrition is addressed. A total of 282 new students (18% of all new students) entering a community college in fall 1990 were tracked. Four items from the Entering Student Information Survey were examined: the degree the student plans to work toward at the community college; for nondegree seekers, the number of courses the students plans to take; the highest degree the student plans to earn; and three "most important" goals. Followup letters were sent to students who completed the survey to determine whether the student attained their most important goal, and when applicable, the reason they did not return to the college. Student files were used to obtain additional information on student characteristics. Findings include: 32.6 percent of students indicated that they were not seeking a degree or certificate, while 159 were seeking a degree and 18 were seeking a certificate; and 61 percent of those not seeking a degree were certain of their career choice, compared to 78 percent of those seeking a certificate and 64 percent of those seeking a degree. It is concluded that attrition should refer only to students who do not achieve their stated goals. Contains nine references. (SW) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Goal Attainment: A New Look at the Meaning of Attrition at a Community College Alan J. Sturtz Director, institutional Research, Planning & Development Gateway Community-Technical College 60 Sargent Drive New Haven, CT 06511
FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF TIMOSHENKO BEAMS UNDER VARIOUS BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

Free vibration of Timoshenko beams having different boundary conditions is analyzed. The Lagrange equations are used to examine the free vibration characteristics of Timoshenko beams. The constraint conditions of supports are taken into account by using Lagrange multipliers. In the study, for applying the Lagrange equations, trial functions denoting the deflection and the rotation of the cross-section of the beam are expressed in the polynomial form. By using the Lagrange equations, the problem is reduced to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. The first eight eigenvalues of Timoshenko beam are calculated and tabulated for different thickness-to-length ratios. It is believed that the tabulated results will prove useful to designers and provide a reference against which other researchers can compare their results.
The Fungus-Specific HET Domain Mediates Programmed Cell Death in Podospora anserina

ABSTRACT Vegetative incompatibility is a programmed cell death reaction that occurs when fungal cells of unlike genotypes fuse. Genes defining vegetative incompatibility (het genes) are highly polymorphic, and most if not all incompatibility systems include a protein partner bearing the fungus-specific domain termed the HET domain. The nonallelic het-C/het-E incompatibility system is the best-characterized incompatibility system in Podospora anserina. Cell death is triggered by interaction of specific alleles of het-C, encoding a glycolipid transfer protein, and het-E, encoding a HET domain and a WD repeat domain involved in recognition. We show here that overexpression of the isolated HET domain from het-E results in cell death. This cell death is characterized by induction of autophagy, increased vacuolization, septation, and production of lipid droplets, which are hallmarks of cell death by incompatibility. In addition, the HET domain lethality is suppressed by the same mutations as vegetative incompatibility, but not by the inactivation of het-C. These results establish the HET domain as the mediator of cell death by incompatibility and lead to a modular conception of incompatibility systems whereby recognition is ensured by the variable regions of incompatibility proteins and cell death is triggered by the HET domain.
The persistence of innovation: the italian evidence

This paper contributes the analysis of the persistence of innovation activities, as measured by total factor productivity (TFP) and explores its path pendent caracteristics. The empirical analysis of firm level TFP for a sample of 7020 Italian manufacturing companies observed during the years1996-2005 confirms that firms that have been able to improve the general efficiency of their production process at time t are likely to keep innovating in the following periods of time, more than firms that never innovated before. The empirical analysis is based on both transition probability matrixes and on dynamic discrete choice panel data models. The evidence suggests that innovation persistence is path dependent, as opposed to past dependent. The dynamics of the process in fact is typically non-ergodic, yet it is not exclusively determined by its but is shaped by a number of complementary and contingent factors origins that affect locally the sequence of the hysteretic effects of the early state dependence.
Investigating the Link between Molecular Subtypes of Glioblastoma, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and CD133 Cell Surface Protein

In this manuscript, we use genetic data to provide a three-faceted analysis on the links between molecular subclasses of glioblastoma, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CD133 cell surface protein. The contribution of this paper is three-fold: First, we use a newly identified signature for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human mammary epithelial cells, and demonstrate that genes in this signature have significant overlap with genes differentially expressed in all known GBM subtypes. However, the overlap between genes up regulated in the mesenchymal subtype of GBM and in the EMT signature was more significant than other GBM subtypes. Second, we provide evidence that there is a negative correlation between the genetic signature of EMT and that of CD133 cell surface protein, a putative marker for neural stem cells. Third, we study the correlation between GBM molecular subtypes and the genetic signature of CD133 cell surface protein. We demonstrate that the mesenchymal and neural subtypes of GBM have the strongest correlations with the CD133 genetic signature. While the mesenchymal subtype of GBM displays similarity with the signatures of both EMT and CD133, it also exhibits some differences with each of these signatures that are partly due to the fact that the signatures of EMT and CD133 are inversely related to each other. Taken together these data shed light on the role of the mesenchymal transition and neural stem cells, and their mutual interaction, in molecular subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme.
Urban localization with camera and inertial measurement unit

Next generation driver assistance systems require precise self localization. Common approaches using global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) suffer from multipath and shadowing effects often rendering this solution insufficient. In urban environments this problem becomes even more pronounced. Herein we present a system for six degrees of freedom (DOF) ego localization using a mono camera and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The camera image is processed to yield a rough position estimate using a previously computed landmark map. Thereafter IMU measurements are fused with the position estimate for a refined localization update. Moreover, we present the mapping pipeline required for the creation of landmark maps. Finally, we present experiments on real world data. The accuracy of the system is evaluated by computing two independent ego positions of the same trajectory from two distinct cameras and investigating these estimates for consistency. A mean localization accuracy of 10 cm is achieved on a 10 km sequence in an inner city scenario.
Community Dynamics In An Online Law Journal

Online communities are continuously evolving socio-technical systems. To provide them with better change management support, a systematic analysis of the norms that govern their evolution is required. In this paper, we present an approach that was used to analyze the community dynamics in an online law journal. Electronic journals in the legal domain are essential instruments in the validation and distribution of new legal knowledge. To ensure the high quality of these e-journals, the dynamics of the online communities in which the various journal stakeholders interact need to be well understood. We outline the evolution of one of the first successful legal e-journals: the Electronic Journal of Comparative Law. We describe the change management lessons learnt in practice and use these to illustrate our diagnostic approach for self-governance analysis in virtual communities.