Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milling and Public Warnings

Given the potential of modern warning technology to save lives, discovering whether it is possible to craft mobile alerts for imminent events in a way that reduces people’s tendency to seek and confirm information before initiating protective action is essential. The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of designing messages for mobile devices, such as Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA) messages, to minimize action delay. The impact of messages with varied amounts of information on respondents’ understanding, believing, personalizing, deciding, and intended milling was used to test Emergent Norm Theory, using quantitative and qualitative methods. Relative to shorter messages, longer public warning messages reduced people’s inclination to search for and confirm information, thereby shortening warning response delay. The Emergent Norm Theory used herein is broader in application than the context-specific models provided by leading warning scholars to date and yields deeper understanding about how people respond to warnings.
Deterministic non-linear source processes of volcanic tremor signals accompanying the 1996 Vatnajökull eruption, central Iceland

SUMMARY Observations and theoretical considerations have cast doubt on the suggestion that volcanic tremor source processes may be modelled by a linear oscillator that is set into resonance by a sustained disturbance. Volcanic tremor signals that accompanied the 1996 Vatnajokull subglacial eruption, central Iceland, have been analysed using methods from the discipline of non-linear dynamics in order to investigate the possibility that they originated from a non- linear source. The volcano-seismic phenomena associated with the eruption were recorded by a permanent network equipped with broad-band seismometers (HOTSPOT) using a sampling rate of 20 samples s −1 . The eruption was preceded by increased seismic activity for a period of 2 days, which also included a large earthquake with a moment magnitude of 5.6. The tremor during the first 2 days of the eruption has a high signal-to-noise ratio at the nearest station to the eruption site and starts as a continuous signal, later evolving to low-amplitude background tremor interrupted by high-amplitude, cigar-shaped bursts having an average duration of 250 s. The phase space, which describes the evolution of the behaviour of a non-linear system, was reconstructed from the original tremor seismograms using the delay embedding theorem suggested by Takens. The delay time used for the reconstruction was selected after examining the autocorrelation function, which showed a first zero crossing at a timelag of 4 samples and the average mutual information that showed no minimum, indicating that the tremor process may have been undersampled. Based also on phase space portraits for different delay times, a delay time of one sample interval (0.05 s) was used. The sufficient embedding dimension for phase space reconstruction was selected by applying the false nearest-neighbours method, which revealed complete unfolding of the tremor attractor at dimensions 7-8, implying upper bounds of its fractal dimension in the range 3.5-4.0. The phase space prediction errors of different segments of the tremor time-series were compared in order to check whether the attractor dynamics change substantially with time. It was found that for continuous tremor there was almost no dynamic variation, in contrast to the background tremor and the superposed bursts that gave a maximum prediction error when the former was used to predict the latter. This difference in dynamics also had an effect on their spectra: the amplitude spectrum of a burst or continuous tremor has a much sharper decay at high frequencies than that of the background tremor. A possible physical mechanism that may explain these observed characteristics involves turbulent slug flow of magma in a narrow cylindrical conduit, generating the different dynamic regimes as the Reynolds number varies.
Hadoop based Information Extract from Text Document

Hadoop is one of the generally received bunch figuring structures for handling of the Big Data. Despite the fact that Hadoop seemingly has turned into the standard answer for overseeing Big Data, it is not free from constraints. In nowadays developing technology researchers, students prefer all documents in txt format and doc format. Most text files are available in pdf format as per demand. Even all research papers are available in pdf format only and extracting a text from pdf format is one of the most difficult jobs. So for text extraction from multiple pdf files we have to apply some algorithms so that text extraction process takes place in comfortable mode. Text extraction is the basic step which we bear to follow before making a motion for further processing. We begin with the concise discussion concerning to the keyword. Steps involved in text extraction from any txt file. In this paper, we use a keyword based extraction method for extracting the text from txt file and with the help of these keywords we can get all the detail on that part of the research paper or any pdf file. Here we are also using the multithreading approach. Our approach is able to extract text in very less time, so time complexity is very less. The aim of this paper is to extract the text on the basis of particular keyword which is useful for the new researcher.
Relay-assisted Multi-user Video Streaming in Cognitive Radio Networks

Due to the drastic increase in wireless video traffic, the capacity of existing and future wireless networks will be greatly stressed, while interference will become the dominant capacity limiting factor. In this paper, we investigate relayassisted downlink multi-user video streaming in a cognitive radio (CR) cellular network. We incorporate zero-forcing precoding to allow transmitters collaboratively send encoded (mixed) signals to all CR users, such that undesired signals will be canceled and the desired signal can be decoded at each CR user. We present a stochastic programming formulation of the problem, as well as a problem reformulation that greatly reduces computational complexity. In the cases of a single licensed channel and multiple licensed channels with channel bonding, we develop an optimal distributed algorithm with proven convergence and convergence speed. In the case of multiple channels without channel bonding, we develop a greedy algorithm with a proven performance bound. The algorithms are evaluated with simulations and are shown to achieve considerable gains over two heuristic schemes.
Night Shift Work and Hormone Levels in Women

Background: Night shift work may disrupt the normal nocturnal rise in melatonin, resulting in increased breast cancer risk, possibly through increased reproductive hormone levels. We investigated whether night shift work is associated with decreased levels of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, the primary metabolite of melatonin, and increased urinary reproductive hormone levels. Methods: Participants were 172 night shift and 151 day shift–working nurses, aged 20–49 years, with regular menstrual cycles. Urine samples were collected throughout work and sleep periods and assayed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle–stimulating hormone (FSH), and estrone conjugate (E1C). Results: 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin levels were 62% lower and FSH and LH were 62% and 58% higher, respectively, in night shift–working women during daytime sleep than in day shift–working women during nighttime sleep (P ≤ 0.0001). Nighttime sleep on off-nights was associated with 42% lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels among the night shift workers, relative to the day shift workers (P < 0.0001); no significant differences in LH or FSH were observed. 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin levels during night work were approximately 69% lower and FSH and LH were 35% and 38% higher, compared with day shift workers during nighttime sleep. No differences in E1C levels between night and day shift workers were observed. Within night shift workers, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels were lower and reproductive hormone levels were higher during daytime sleep and nighttime work, relative to nighttime sleep (P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that night shift workers have substantially reduced 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels during night work and daytime sleep and that levels remain low even when a night shift worker sleeps at night. Impact: Shift work could be an important risk factor for many other cancers in addition to breast cancer. MeSH Subject Headings: breast cancer, shift work, circadian rhythm, environmental carcinogens, estrogen, melatonin, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin, pineal. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(4); 609–18. ©2012 AACR.
The learning pathways of Brazilian surf coach developers

The purpose of this study was to explore the learning pathways of five Brazilian surf coach developers, in order to understand how they became coach developers. A case study was conducted with five surf coach developers working in the sport participation context, and linked to a legally organized Brazilian surf federation. Three main research topics guided the semi-structured interviews: participants’ experiences as a surfer, as a surf coach, and as a coach developer. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to explore the participants’ perceptions of the experiences around becoming a surf coach developer. The study revealed a pattern of formative experiences for the participants, across their lives and careers. Their experiences as a surfer and as a surf coach, as well as their exposure to the surfing environment and their contact with significant others, influenced in their engagement in surfing and in the surf coach context; leading them eventually to the desire to share knowledge with others. Becoming a surf coach developer in this study corresponded to a mutual socialization process across a lifetime. This process was marked by situated socio-cultural aspects of different life phases, strongly influenced by the social relations established in immediate contexts (family) and with other specific groups (surfers, coaches, and developers).
Tests of a high resolution beam profile monitor

High energy linear colliders require very small beams at the interaction point to produce high luminosities, and these beams must be measured and monitored. We have developed and tested a technique where the profile can be obtained from an extension of pinhole camera optics using thick, single sided collimators and slits. Very high resolutions (a few nm) should be possible. Gamma beams can be obtained from bremsstrahlung, Compton or beamstrahlung radiation. We describe tests of the technique using bremsstrahlung from an 800 MeV electron beam at Bates/MIT, Compton scattered photons from 47 GeV Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at SLAC, and other applications, such as linear colliders.
Mechanism by Which Caloric Restriction Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sedentary Obese Adults

Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the incidence of diabetes in obese individuals. The underlying mechanisms whereby CR improves insulin sensitivity are not clear. We evaluated the effect of 16 weeks of CR on whole-body insulin sensitivity by pancreatic clamp before and after CR in 11 obese participants (BMI = 35 kg/m2) compared with 9 matched control subjects (BMI = 34 kg/m2). Compared with the control subjects, CR increased the glucose infusion rate needed to maintain euglycemia during hyperinsulinemia, indicating enhancement of peripheral insulin sensitivity. This improvement in insulin sensitivity was not accompanied by changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity or oxidant emissions, nor were there changes in skeletal muscle ceramide, diacylglycerol, or amino acid metabolite levels. However, CR lowered insulin-stimulated thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) levels and enhanced nonoxidative glucose disposal. These results support a role for TXNIP in mediating the improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity after CR.
Conformational Properties of Seven Toac-Labeled Angiotensin I Analogues Correlate with Their Muscle Contraction Activity and Their Ability to Act as ACE Substrates

Conformational properties of the angiotensin II precursor, angiotensin I (AngI) and analogues containing the paramagnetic amino acid TOAC (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 9, and 10, were examined by EPR, CD, and fluorescence. The conformational data were correlated to their activity in muscle contraction experiments and to their properties as substrates of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). Biological activity studies indicated that TOAC0-AngI and TOAC1-AngI maintained partial potency in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus. Kinetic parameters revealed that only derivatives labeled closer to the N-terminus (positions 0, 1, 3, and 5) were hydrolyzed by ACE, indicating that peptides bearing the TOAC moiety far from the ACE cleavage site (Phe8-His9 peptide bond) were susceptible to hydrolysis, albeit less effectively than the parent compound. CD spectra indicated that AngI exhibited a flexible structure resulting from equilibrium between different conformers. While the conformation of N-terminally-labeled derivatives was similar to that of the native peptide, a greater propensity to acquire folded structures was observed for internally-labeled, as well as C-terminally labeled, analogues. These structures were stabilized in secondary structure-inducing agent, TFE. Different analogues gave rise to different β-turns. EPR spectra in aqueous solution also distinguished between N-terminally, internally-, and C-terminally labeled peptides, yielding narrower lines, indicative of greater mobility for the former. Interestingly, the spectra of peptides labeled at, or close, to the C-terminus, showed that the motion in this part of the peptides was intermediate between that of N-terminally and internally-labeled peptides, in agreement with the suggestion of turn formation provided by the CD spectra. Quenching of the Tyr4 fluorescence by the differently positioned TOAC residues corroborated the data obtained by the other spectroscopic techniques. Lastly, we demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring the progress of ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis of TOAC-labeled peptides by following time-dependent changes in their EPR spectra.
Reduction of THD in Single Phase AC to DC Boost Converter using PID controller

In an electrical Power system, the current drawn by power converter devices from the line is distorted resulting in a higher Harmonic Distortion and low Power Factor (PF). Hence, there is a continuous need for power factor improvement and reduction of line current harmonics. Here, an Active Power factor Correction method is proposed to improve the PF and to regulate the Output Voltage of a Single Phase AC to DC Boost Converter. Small signal modeling of single-phase full bridge rectifier and its modes of operations are discussed. The inner Voltage loop is controlled by PID controller and sliding mode control is used for controlling the Outer current loop. An overall comparison is made for various voltages and loads. Output voltage tracking is also analyzed. The main aim of the proposed work is to maintain the power factor above 0.95 and to reduce the total harmonic distortion below 5%. Simulation is carried out using MATLAB software.
Corpus analysis and results visualisation using self-organizing maps

This paper addresses the related issues of statistical analysis of text corpora and of intuitively-accessible representation of the results of such analysis, with reference to the Newcastle-Poitiers Electronic Corpus of Tyneside English (NPECTE) project. It proposes topographic mapping as a tool for analysis and visualization of the NPECTE corpus, and is in three main parts. The first gives a brief account of the NPECTE project, the second explains the nature of topographic mapping and the motivation for its use, and the third gives an example of how topographic mapping can be implemented using the Self-Organizing Map artificial neural network architecture. 1. The NPECTE project The NPECTE project is based on two separate corpora of recorded speech: (i) The earlier of the two corpora was gathered during the Tyneside Linguistic Survey (TLS) (Strang 1968, Pellowe 1972) in the late 1960s, and consists of 86 loosely-structured 30-minute interviews. The informants were drawn from a stratified random sample of Gateshead in NorthEast England, and were equally divided among various social class groupings of male and female speakers, with young, middle, and old-aged cohorts. Some transcription and analysis was done on this material at the time, but little of it was published, and work on it languished until 1995, when Joan Beal of DELLS secured funding from the Catherine Cookson Foundation to salvage the original reel-to-reel tapes to audio cassette format and to catalogue and archive the cassettes. This material is now housed in the Catherine Cookson Archive of Tyneside and Northumbrian Dialect in the (ii) The more recent corpus was collected in the Tyneside area in 1994 for an ESRC-funded project 'Phonological Variation and Change in Contemporary Spoken English' (PVC). This data is in the form of 18 DAT tapes, each of which averages 60 minutes in length. Dyads of friends or relatives were encouraged to converse freely with minimal interference from the fieldworker, and informants were again equally divided between various social class groupings of male and female speakers in young, middle, and old-age cohorts. This material is housed in the Department of Speech, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Recently, an AHRB grant was awarded under the Resource Enhancement Scheme to combine the TLS and PVC collections into a single corpus and to make it available to the research community in a variety of formats: digitised sound, phonetic transcription, standard orthographic transcription, and various levels of tagged text, all aligned. 2. Topographic …
Geometric path tracking algorithm for autonomous driving in pedestrian environment

This paper proposes an alternative formulation to the pure pursuit path tracking algorithm for autonomous driving. The current approach has tendencies to cut corners, and therefore results in poor path tracking accuracy. The proposed method considers not only the relative position of the pursued point, but also the orientation of the path at that point. A steering control law is designed in accordance with the kinematic equations of motion of the vehicle. The effectiveness of the algorithm is then tested by implementing it on an autonomous golf cart, driving in a pedestrian environment. The experimental result shows that the new algorithm reduces the root mean square (RMS) cross track error for the same given pre-programmed path by up to 46 percent, while having virtually no extra computational cost, and still maintaining the chatter free property of the original pure pursuit controller.
Grain-Size Analysis of Debris Flow Alluvial Fans in Panxi Area along Jinsha River, China

The basic geometric parameters of 236 debris flow catchments were determined by interpreting SPOT5 remote sensing images with a resolution of 2.5 m in a 209 km section along the Jinsha River in the Panxi area, China. A total of 27 large-scale debris flow catchments were selected for detailed in situ investigation. Samples were taken from two profiles in the deposition zone for each debris flow catchment. The φ value gradation method of the grain size was used to obtain 54 histograms with abscissa in a logarithmic scale. Five types of debris flows were summarized from the outline of the histogram. Four grain size parameters were calculated: mean grain size, standard deviation, coefficient of skewness, and coefficient of kurtosis. These four values were used to evaluate the features of the histogram. The grain index that reflects the transport (kinetic) energy information of debris flows was defined to describe the characteristics of the debris-flow materials. Furthermore, a normalized grain index based on the catchment area was proposed to allow evaluation of the debris flow mobility. The characteristics of the debris-flow materials were well-described by the histogram of grain-size distribution and the normalized grain index.
Real-time plane detection based on depth map from Kinect

This paper suggests a system to detect multiple planes fast and roughly based on a depth map from depth camera `Kinect'. In order to improve the speed of the plane detection process, we compute local normal vectors of points of the depth map and we classify 3D point cloud data whether it includes in the same plane using these local normal vectors. It is possible to detect multiple planes simultaneously. Experimental results show that the proposed method is faster than previous plane detection methods such as 3D Hough Transform and RANSAC, and also works in real-time.
Judges, Expertise, and Analogy Judges, Expertise, and Analogy

Political scientists have shown that one can anticipate how a judge will decide a case more often than chance, or a reading of the facts, might allow by using various predictors such as party affiliation, gender, or the judge’s own decisions on earlier similar cases. The simplest explanation for such behavior is that judges first decide what they want the outcome of the case to be, then go back to find the precedents that justify their opinions. This chapter considers a more nuanced version of the process: judges may choose relevant case analogies as better or worse, applicable or inapplicable, not because of any particular desired outcome but because of their own pre-existing knowledge. The influence of such knowledge on the decision process may be entirely unconscious; therefore, judges may, in fact, be following the idealized decision-making process to the letter, and be unmotivated toward finding a particular result, yet may usually still reach the predicted result.
Adaptive Wavelet Schwarz Methods for the Navier-Stokes Equation

ABSTRACT In this article, we are concerned with domain decomposition methods for the stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equation. We construct an adaptive additive Schwarz method based on discretization by means of a divergence-free wavelet frame. We prove that the method is convergent and asymptotically optimal with respect to the degrees of freedom involved.
Software-based sensor node energy estimation

Being able to estimate the energy consumption of sensor nodes is essential both for evaluating existing sensor network mechanisms and for constructing new energy-aware mechanisms. We present a software-based mechanism for estimating the energy consumption of sensor node at run-time. Unlike previous energy estimation mechanisms, our mechanism does not require any additional hardware components or add-ons. Our demonstration shows the energy estimation in practice on a small network of Tmote Sky motes running the Contiki operating system. A PC connected to one of the motes shows the real-time energy estimation of the network nodes and where the energy is spent: CPU active, CPU sleeping, radio transmitting, radio listening, and LEDs.
DNA Sequence Visualization

This chapter introduces various visualization (i.e., graphical representation) schemes of symbolic DNA sequences, which are basically represented by character strings in conventional sequence databases. Several visualization schemes are reviewed and their characterizations are summarized for comparison. Moreover, further potential applications based on the visualized sequences are discussed. By understanding the visualization process, the researchers will be able to analyze DNA sequences by designing signal processing algorithms for specific purposes such as sequence alignment, feature extraction, and sequence clustering, etc.