Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Causal Connections between Scientometric Indicators: Which Ones Best Explain High-Technology Manufacturing Outputs?

Scientometric models can connect indicators via cross-country correlations, but these are not enough to assert causality. Sometimes a causal connection can be argued from the physical process. In other cases the causality or its direction is not clear, and the Granger test is often used to clarify the connection. Here it was shown that gross expenditures on RD in several countries patents could be said to have Granger caused HT manufacturing. Conference Topic Country-level studies
Histological study on stromal tissue in mammary gland at lactating, involution and pregnant stage in Murrah buffalo.

The present histological study was conducted on mammary gland tissue of sixty Murrah buffaloes. The samples were categorized into three stages as lactating, nonlactating nonpregnant (involution stage) and nonlactating pregnant by ascertaining the stage of lactation, dry period and pregnancy period. Stroma was found to be comprised of interalveolar, interlobular and interlobar connective tissue. The amount of stromal tissue varied during different stages of lactation. In late pregnant and colostrum stage the interalveolar connective was minimum and alveoli were almost touching each other. The amount of stromal tissue increased from colostrum stage to ten months of lactation. It was maximum in nonlactating nonpregnant stage from one to two months (later stage of involution). Through stomal tissue blood and lymph vessels and nerve goes into the parenchymal tissue.
Replacing OOV Words For Dependency Parsing With Distributional Semantics

Lexical information is an important feature in syntactic processing like part-of-speech (POS) tagging and dependency parsing. However, there is no such information available for out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words, which causes many clas-siﬁcation errors. We propose to replace OOV words with in-vocabulary words that are semantically similar according to distributional similar words computed from a large background corpus, as well as morphologically similar according to common sufﬁxes. We show performance differences both for count-based and dense neural vector-based semantic models. Further, we discuss the interplay of POS and lexical information for dependency parsing and provide a detailed analysis and a discussion of results: while we observe signiﬁcant improvements for count-based methods, neural vectors do not increase the overall accuracy.
A Combined Unsupervised Technique for Automatic Classification in Electronic Discovery

In this work, we present an automated unsupervised approach for retrieval/classification in eDiscovery. This approach is an ad hoc retrieval which creates a representative for each original document in the collection using latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) model with Gibbs sampling and explores word sense disambiguation (WSD) to give these representative documents and queries deeper meanings for distributional semantic similarity. The word sense disambiguation technique by itself is a hybrid algorithm derived from the modified version of the original Lesk algorithm and the Jiang & Conrath similarity measure. Evaluation was carried out on this technique using the TREC legal track. Results and observations are discussed in chapter 8. We conclude that WSD can improve ad hoc retrieval effectiveness. Finally, we suggest further on efficient algorithms for word sense disambiguation which can further improve retrieval effectiveness if applied to original document collections against using representative collections.
Improved Field Emission Properties of Ag-Decorated Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A field emission is fulfilled by utilizing the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) decorating their external surface with Ag-nanoparticles. It is found that the average length and diameter of the CNTs are ~ 4.52 μm and 45 nm, respectively. We also coated Ag nanoparticles ~ 5 nm onto the nanotube surfaces and fabricated CNTs for field emission. The turn-on field and current density of the CNTs clearly indicate that the field emission of the coated-Ag is enhanced considerably. In this letter, the decoration of Ag nanoparticles effectively decreased the effective work function (Φeff) and turn-on field (Eto).
Distributed constrained event-triggered consensus: L2 gain design result

The interconnection and combination of computational, communication, as well as control (cyber) devices using physical processes yield widely used Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), which are promising and extensively adopted in real application. In the CPS application systems, a crucial issue is to reduce the communication and computation cost, while retaining a desirable closed-loop control performance. To realize this goal, an event-triggered based control mechanism is proposed, where the transmission instants when the feedback laws are updated are determined based on some pre-defined events. In this paper, an L2 gain design method for a event-triggered control strategy is suggested to achieve distributed consensus of multi-agent systems that is subject to input saturation under an output feedback mechanism. Unlike the traditional fashion in periodically triggering the controller, to reduce the communication cost and to save computation resources, the current proposed controller is set to activated only when the system response exceeds a certain pre-defined event-triggered threshold. The saturation allowed approach is utilized where the saturation function is explicitly expressed to deal with the input constraint. In this new paradigm, there is no need to impose hard constraint upon the control input, as a consequence, we can make fully use of the actuator capacity. We also provided the results to minimize the frequency of the event-triggered actions.
Partial response signaling for equalization of OFDM systems in severe multipath channels

OFDM is rapidly finding acceptance as an efficient modulation scheme since it often eliminates the need for an equalizer. Cyclic prefix based OFDM usually curtails ISI between OFDM symbols and permits simple frequency domain compensation of channel effects within an OFDM symbol. However, in outdoor deployments significant multipath reflections necessitate some means of overcoming ISI between OFDM symbols. In this paper, we propose partial response OFDM signaling as one method to combat such ISI. We evaluate the performance of PR signaling for OFDM systems in channels with extensive multipath. We quantify bit error rate performance using PR-OFDM and contrast it with traditional equalizer solutions such as minimum mean square error equalization.
Psychostimulant rebound in attention deficit disordered boys.

Abstract The evening behavior of 21 boys with attention deficit disorder was compared across days when they received either methylphenidate or placebo during the daytime. Parent ratings on one measure of evening behavior were significantly higher following two daytime administrations of 0.3 mg/kg methylphenidate rather than placebo. Individual data, however, showed large variability and few clinically significant rebound effects. No statistically significant rebound effects were found on a second measure nor were differences found between 0.3 mg/kg and 0.6 mg/kg doses administered twice daily. The data indicate that for the majority of children, behavioral rebound effects are neither large nor clinically significant.
The Loss of RGS Protein-Gαi2 Interactions Results in Markedly Impaired Mouse Neutrophil Trafficking to Inflammatory Sites

ABSTRACT Neutrophils are first responders rapidly mobilized to inflammatory sites by a tightly regulated, nonredundant hierarchy of chemoattractants. These chemoattractants engage neutrophil cell surface receptors triggering heterotrimeric G-protein Gαi subunits to exchange GDP for GTP. By limiting the duration that Gαi subunits remain GTP bound, RGS proteins modulate chemoattractant receptor signaling. Here, we show that neutrophils with a genomic knock in of a mutation that disables regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS)-Gαi2 interactions accumulate in the bone marrow and mobilize poorly to inflammatory sites. These defects are attributable to enhanced sensitivity to background signals, prolonged chemoattractant receptor signaling, and inappropriate CXCR2 downregulation. Intravital imaging revealed a failure of the mutant neutrophils to accumulate at and stabilize sites of sterile inflammation. Furthermore, these mice could not control a nonlethal Staphylococcus aureus infection. Neutrophil RGS proteins establish a threshold for Gαi activation, helping to coordinate desensitization mechanisms. Their loss renders neutrophils functionally incompetent.
T1-weighted Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging of the Lung in Asthma: Semiquantitative Analysis for the Assessment of Contrast Agent Kinetic Characteristics.

PURPOSE To evaluate the contrast agent kinetics of dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in healthy lungs and asthmatic lungs by using non-model-based semiquantitative parameters and to explore the relationships with pulmonary function testing and eosinophil level. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the National Research Ethical Committee (reference no. 11/NW/0387), and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Ten healthy subjects and 30 patients with asthma underwent pulmonary function tests, blood and sputum eosinophil counts, and 1.5-T DCE MR imaging within 7 days. Semiquantitative parameters of contrast agent kinetics were calculated from the relative signal intensity-time course curves on a pixel-by-pixel basis and were summarized by using whole-lung median values. The distribution heterogeneity was assessed by using the regional coefficient of variation. DCE MR imaging readouts were compared between groups by using one-way analysis of variance, and the relationships with pulmonary function testing and eosinophil counts were assessed by using Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Asthmatic patients showed significantly lower peak enhancement (P < .001) and initial areas under the relative signal intensity curve in the first 60 seconds (P = .002) and significantly reduced late-phase washout slope (P = .002) when compared with healthy control subjects. The distribution heterogeneity of bolus arrival time (P = .029), time to peak (P = .008), upslope of the first-pass peak (P = .011), and late-phase washout slope (P = .032), estimated by using the median coefficient of variation, were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in healthy control subjects. These imaging readouts also showed significant linear correlations with measurements of pulmonary function testing but not with eosinophil level in patients with asthma. CONCLUSION The contrast agent kinetic characteristics of T1-weighted DCE MR images of asthmatic lungs are different from those of healthy lungs and are related to measurements of pulmonary function testing but not to eosinophil level.
Optimal motion planning by reinforcement learning in autonomous mobile vehicles

SUMMARY The aim of this work has been the implementation and testing in real conditions of a new algorithm based on the cell-mapping techniques and reinforcement learning methods to obtain the optimal motion planning of a vehicle considering kinematics, dynamics and obstacle constraints. The algorithm is an extension of the control adjoining cell mapping technique for learning the dynamics of the vehicle instead of using its analytical state equations. It uses a transformation of cell-to-cell mapping in order to reduce the time spent during the learning stage. Real experimental results are reported to show the satisfactory performance of the algorithm.
Rheological properties and function of blood cells in stored bank blood and salvaged blood

The technique involving filtration of diluted blood enables the separate analysis of the flow properties of different cell subpopulations. This study was designed to assess the changes occurring in the flow properties and function of blood cells in stored bank blood and salvaged blood compared to patient blood in a given clinical situation. We measured hydrogen peroxide production by neutrophils and the filterability, through 5 μm Nucleopore filters, of isolated red blood cells and of diluted blood. Samples were obtained from patients undergoing aortic surgery and blood intended for transfusion: either salvaged during surgery or stored bank blood. Both salvaged and bank blood were much less filterable than patient blood, with reduced deformability of both red and white blood cells. However, salvaged blood contained highly activated neutrophils with a prolonged transit time of the ‘fast‐flowing’ cells in the analysis compared to bank blood. Bank blood contained significantly more particles which acted as pore‐blockers. Cells in bank and salvaged blood therefore have markedly abnormal flow and biochemical properties compared to patient blood.
Inhibition of Amyloid Fibril Formation by Polyphenols: Structural Similarity and Aromatic Interactions as a Common Inhibition Mechanism

The formation of well‐ordered fibrillar protein deposits is common to a large group of amyloid‐associated disorders. This group consists of several major human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion diseases, and type II diabetes. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic agent directed towards the formation of fibrillar assemblies, which have been recently shown to have a key role in the cytotoxic nature of amyloidogenic proteins. One important approach in the development of therapeutic agents is the use of small molecules that specifically and efficiently inhibit the aggregation process. Several small polyphenol molecules have been demonstrated to remarkably inhibit the formation of fibrillar assemblies in vitro and their associated cytotoxicity. Yet, the inhibition mechanism was mostly attributed to the antioxidative properties of these polyphenol compounds. Based on several observations demonstrating that polyphenols are capable of inhibiting amyloid fibril formation in vitro, regardless of oxidative conditions, and in view of their structural similarities we suggest an additional mechanism of action. This mechanism is assuming structural constraints and specific aromatic interactions, which direct polyphenol inhibitors to the amyloidogenic core. This proposed mechanism is highly relevant for future de novo inhibitors‘ design as therapeutic agents for the treatment of amyloid‐associated diseases.
Extraction of Genotype-Phenotype-Drug Relationships from Text: From Entity Recognition to Bioinformatics Application

Advances in concept recognition and natural language parsing have led to the development of various tools that enable the identification of biomedical entities and relationships between them in text. The aim of the Genotype-Phenotype-Drug Relationship Extraction from Text workshop (or GPD-Rx workshop) is to examine the current state of art and discuss the next steps for making the extraction of relationships between biomedical entities integral to the curation and knowledge management workflow in Pharmacogenomics. The workshop will focus particularly on the extraction of Genotype-Phenotype, Genotype-Drug, and Phenotype-Drug relationships that are of interest to Pharmacogenomics. Extracting and structuring such text-mined relationships is a key to support the evaluation and the validation of multiple hypotheses that emerge from high throughput translational studies spanning multiple measurement modalities. In order to advance this agenda, it is essential that existing relationship extraction methods be compared to one another and that a community wide benchmark corpus emerges; against which future methods can be compared. The workshop aims to bring together researchers working on the automatic or semi-automatic extraction of relationships between biomedical entities from research literature in order to identify the key groups interested in creating such a benchmark.
Prospect and Competence of Quantitative Methods via Real-time PCR in a Comparative Manner: An Experimental Review of Current Methods

RESEARCH ARTICLE Prospect and Competence of Quantitative Methods via Real-time PCR in a Comparative Manner: An Experimental Review of Current Methods Hossein Mahboudi, Negin Mohammadizadeh Heidari, Zahra Irani Rashidabadi, Ali Houshmand Anbarestani, Soroush Karimi and Kaveh Darabi Darestani Department of medical biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Agricultural Faculty, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Biology Department, School of advanced sciences regenerative medicine, Tehran Medical Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Identity Orientation, Social Exchange, and Information Technology Use in Interorganizational Collaborations

Advances in information technologies IT are creating unprecedented opportunities for interorganizational collaboration, particularly in large-scale distributed projects. The use of advanced IT in such projects can foster new forms of social exchange among organizations and change the way organizations view themselves in the context of their relationships. Despite a wealth of research on IT use, social exchange, and organizational identity, little is known about how new IT and the enactment of related IT affordances within interorganizational contexts enable social exchanges and organizational identity orientations. To address this gap, we conduct multiple case studies that describe the changing use of two-dimensional computer-aided design technology and new three-dimensional modeling technologies by a leading metal fabrication company in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. The case studies demonstrate that changes in the company's IT and the enactment of related IT affordances within variable interorganizational contexts enable new forms of social exchanges. These exchanges, in turn, provide the context for the rearticulation of the company's identity orientation. Based on these insights, we formulate a theoretical model to delineate the relationships between IT use, IT affordances, social exchanges, and identity orientation. We conclude by outlining the implications of our study and suggesting possible avenues for future research.
A Mac Protocol for Tactical Underwater Surveillance Networks

We introduce power controlled and loosely synchronized (PCLS) MAC protocol for tactical underwater surveillance system (TUSS). PCLS protocol employs loosely synchronized listen-sleep schedules, and transmission power control. Shorter preamble signals are used instead of RTS/CTS handshake. These reduce the energy consumption and the link layer delay, and also make PCLS resilient against topology changes due to node failures and mobility. PCLS protocol is evaluated through the simulation of TUSS scenario where the mobile objects drift over the sea surface with respect to the reference point group mobility (RPGM) model. It is also compared with IEEE 802.11, B-MAC and LMAC
Crystal structure of a glycerate kinase (TM1585) from Thermotoga maritima at 2.70 Å resolution reveals a new fold

Robert Schwarzenbacher, Daniel McMullan, S. Sri Krishna, Qingping Xu, Mitchell D. Miller, Jaume M. Canaves, Marc-André Elsliger, Ross Floyd, Slawomir K. Grzechnik, Lukasz Jaroszewski, Heath E. Klock, Eric Koesema, John S. Kovarik, Andreas Kreusch, Peter Kuhn, Timothy M. McPhillips, Andrew T. Morse, Kevin Quijano, Glen Spraggon, Raymond C. Stevens, Henry van den Bedem, Guenter Wolf, Keith O. Hodgson, John Wooley, Ashley M. Deacon, Adam Godzik, Scott A. Lesley, and Ian A. Wilson* Joint Center for Structural Genomics Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California Center for Research in Biological Systems, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
The Republic of Plato Translated with Introduction and Notes

better done than the Greek; this may be intentional, for the authors rightly claim that, but for the Roman Empire, Greek civilisation could not have helped to form the modern world. But the inventor is surely worth more than the transmitter; and while Rome's own contribution, law, cannot Be over-estimated, the link between Graeco-Roman and modern civilisation would, despite Rome, have been broken but for the Church. A book like this, written without references, is always a difficulty, for others beside the reviewer will probably meet many statements which they cannot locate off-hand, and about more important things than a Greek penny-in-theslot machine: e.g., references for the statement (p. 206) that Alexandrian surgeons knew and used anaesthetics (meaning much more than a slight stupefaction with myrrh) are badly needed, whether or no they vivisected human beings. There are many references to modern times, often enlightening; but this can be overdone, and the chapter on education is almost a comparison of ancient and modern methods. There is a certain tendency to attribute to the better-known Roman Empire things which originated in the Hellenistic world. Take, e.g., parchment, which (p. 166) Pergamum began to prepare ' in the early centuries of the Christian era. ' Parchment was older than Pergamum; but mass production started there at the beginning of the second century B.C., and by the end of that century parchment was the common writing material of most of Asia as far east as Merv. In a book so compressed, exceptions to rules naturally cannot often be given, while mere omissions are neither here nor there; but there are several omissions of the most important item in the matter under discussion. E.g., Greek calendars are discussed (p. 138) without noticing the real Greek achievement, the Seleucid Calendar, which swept Asia; important finds of papyri are listed (p. 177) without mentioning the Chester-Beatty papyri; from Hellenistic works of art (p. 224) the Nike of Samothrace is omitted; girls' education (p. 287) omits the girls' schools in some Ionian cities; one could continue the list. Actual mistakes seem very few. P. 43, Chaeronea did not ' lay the whole of the Greek homeland at Philip's feet'; for ' whole ' read ' most of. ' P. 44, for Oxus read Jaxartes. P. 49, neither Ptolemies nor Seleucids reserved all higher offices for Greeks; why not say 'generally'? P. 312, XccnociEuvai does not mean sleeping on the floor. P. 121, ' paper of Alexandria' might mislead the unlearned, among whom I hope the book will find many readers.