Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Properties of Terms in Continuation-Passing Style in an Ordered Logical Framework

A logical framework is a meta-language for the formalization of deductive systems as used in the description of logics and programming languages. It should directly support common notions and techniques of this domain, thereby achieving two related goals: on one hand, it provides a conceptual tool for the concise definition and rigorous reasoning about programming languages and logics; on the other hand, it significantly reduces the effort required to actually implement deductive systems. There are various styles of logical frameworks (see, for example, [Pfe96]) with different strengths and weaknesses. Our starting point is the logical framework LF [HHP93] which supports variable binding and capture-avoiding substitution through higher-order abstract syntax, and parametric and hypothetical judgments through dependently typed functions. In previous work, I. Cervesato and the second author have investigated a conservative extension of LF which allows the natural representation of systems with state via linear functions and additive pairs [CP98, Cer96]. In this paper we explore a further conservative extension with an intrinsic notion of order. The impetus for the development of such a framework came from the observation of certain analogies between ordering properties of CPS terms [DP95, DDP99] and substitution properties of linear λ-calculi. In turn, the coding in a logical framework immediately suggested an improvement in the abstract machines for the execution of CPS terms, namely the merging of a control stack and a data stack. In this paper we sketch the relevant fragment of an ordered logical framework and then show how it supports the representation of CPS terms and an improved machine for their evaluation. The ordering properties of CPS terms which at first appear somewhat ad hoc are directly captured as typing properties in the representation that are preserved during evaluation. Complicated stack invariants can be recognized as uniform substitution properties, providing an example of how the organizing principles of a logical framework can contribute conceptually to our understanding of object languages. In this paper, we do not study the meta-theoretic properties of an ordered logical framework. However, the fragment required for our application here is particularly simple: it is a two-level type theory in the style of [PP99a, PP99b], where quantifiers range over terms from an ordered λ-calculus
A Product Recommendation Algorithm Based on the Expectation of a Not Scored Item by the Prospective User

With its unique advantages, the traditional collaborative filtering algorithm has been one of the original and most successful methods in product recommendation. However, the intensified sparsity of the matrix has caused a decreasing precision of particular recommendations, which the traditional CF algorithm is of little help. By making statistical analysis about users’ selected items, this paper will estimate the distribution of scores they give to a product from two aspects: the probability of choosing the item that has not been scored as well as the preference of that item. We establish a product recommendation algorithm based on the expectation of an item not been scored by the prospective user. By our algorithm, a recommended set of items will be generated when the score expectations of all items are calculated and ordered. Then empirical analysis on the data set of Movie-Lens recommendation system shows that the algorithm developed in this paper greatly improve the precision of the recommendation while the amount of calculation is not much expanded.
The anatomy of ability

ABSTRACT “Ability” is one of the most common concepts underpinning education. Generally, “ability” is central to notions of a meritocratic society. More specifically, schools are allocated the right to define, categorise and label students according to their ability. While there has been ample discussion of the role of ability in the creation of curricula, teachers’ concepts of “ability” have remained relatively unstudied. Using semi-structured interviews with 236 primary and secondary school teachers, we examined how teachers use concepts of “ability”, identify its conceptual components in their discourses (its anatomy), and show how the internal structure of the concept relates to specific institutional functions. Teachers’ uses of “ability” prompted us to recount a too-often forgotten perspective – the reframing of our understanding of schools as institutions. Recognising the internal anatomy of ability, as it is used in schooling, helps us better understand its capacity to survive within a broader ecology of schooling, and the degree to which schools are designed to limit learning and legitimise consequent social exclusion.
Readability, Presentation and Quality of Allergy-related Patient InformationLeaflets; A Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Study

Objective:Patient information leaflets (PILs) are widely used to reinforce or illustrate health information and to complement verbal consultation. The objectives of the study were to assess the readability and presentation of PILs published by Allergy UK, and to conduct a longitudinal assessment to evaluate the impact of leaflet amendment and revision on readability. Methods:Readability of Allergy UK leaflets available in 2013 was assessed using Simple Measure of Gobbledegook (SMOG) and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Formula. Leaflet presentation was evaluated using the Clear Print Guidelines of the Royal National Institute of Blind People (RNIB) and the Patient Information Appraisal System developed by the British Medical Association (BMA). Changes in the leaflets’ readability scores over five years were investigated. Results:108 leaflets, covering a wide range of allergic conditions and treatment options, were assessed. The leaflets had average SMOG and Flesch-Kincaid scores of 13.9 (range 11-18, SD 1.2) and 10.9 (range 5-17, SD 2.1) respectively. All leaflets met the RNIB Clear Print guidelines, with the exception of font size which was universally inadequate. The leaflets scored on average 10 (median 10, range 7-15) out of a maximum of 27 on the BMA checklist. The overall average SMOG score of 31 leaflets available in both 2008 and 2013 had not changed significantly. The process of leaflet revision resulted in 1% change in readability scores overall, with a predominantly upward trend with six leaflets increasing their readability score by >10% and only three decreasing by >10%. Conclusion:Allergy-related patient information leaflets are well presented but have readability levels that are higher than those recommended for health information. Involving service users in the process of leaflet design, together with systematic pre-publication screening of readability would enhance the accessibility and comprehensibility of written information for people with allergy and their careers.
A Survey of NLP Methods for Document Equality Detection

Little research has been done in the area of Natural Language Processing that directly involves the comparison of one natural language document to another in order to determine equivalence. Applicable techniques can be discerned from many areas of NLP where similar research has been done, but other than the area of Plagarism Detection, it is difficult to find document comparison unified under the banner of a specific area of interest. This paper proposes a problem that requires a robust document comparison approach, and then analyzes the literature for techniques that can be applied to this problem 1.
Compressed Spectral Clustering

Compressed sensing has received much attention in both data mining and signal processing communities. In this paper, we provide theoretical results to show that compressed spectral clustering, separating data samples into different clusters directly in the compressed measurement domain, is possible. Specifically, we provide theoretical bounds guaranteeing that if the data is measured directly in the compressed domain, spectral clustering on the compressed data works almost as well as that in the data domain. Moreover, we show that for a family of well-known compressed sensing matrices, compressed spectral clustering is universal, i. e. , clustering in the measurement domain works provided that the data are sparse in some, even unknown, basis. Finally, experimental results on both toy and real world data sets demonstrate that compressed spectral clustering achieves comparable clustering performance with traditional spectral clustering that works directly in the data domain, with much less computational time.
Ieee Transactions on Affective Computing 1 Real-time Recognition of Affective States from Non-verbal Features of Speech and Its Application for Public Speaking Skill Analysis

—This paper presents a new classification algorithm for real-time inference of affect from non-verbal features of speech and applies it to assessing public speaking skills. The classifier identifies simultaneously occurring affective states by recognising correlations between emotions and over 6000 functional-feature combinations. Pairwise classifiers are constructed for 9 classes from the Mind Reading emotion corpus, yielding an average cross-validation accuracy of 89% for the pairwise machines and 86% for the fused machine. The paper also shows a novel application of the classifier for assessing public speaking skills, achieving an average cross-validation accuracy of 81% and a leave-one-speaker-out classification accuracy of 61%. Optimising support vector machine coefficients using grid parameter search is shown to improve the accuracy by up to 25%. The emotion classifier outperforms previous research on the same emotion corpus and is successfully applied to analyse public speaking skills.
Quality of life three years after diagnosis of localised prostate cancer: population based cohort study

Objective To quantify the risk and severity of negative effects of treatment for localised prostate cancer on long term quality of life. Design Population based, prospective cohort study with follow-up over three years. Setting New South Wales, Australia. Participants Men with localised prostate cancer were eligible if aged less than 70 years, diagnosed between October 2000 and October 2002, and notified to the New South Wales central cancer registry. Controls were randomly selected from the New South Wales electoral roll and matched to cases by age and postcode. Main outcome measures General health specific and disease specific function up to three years after diagnosis, according to the 12 item short form health survey and the University of California, Los Angeles prostate cancer index. Results 1642 (64%) cases and 495 (63%) eligible and contacted controls took part in the study. After adjustment for confounders, all active treatment groups had low odds of having better sexual function than controls, in particular men on androgen deprivation therapy (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.07). Men treated surgically reported the worst urinary function (adjusted OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.22). Bowel function was poorest in cases who had external beam radiotherapy (adjusted OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.64). General physical and mental health scores were similar across treatment groups, but poorest in men who had androgen deprivation therapy. Conclusions The various treatments for localised prostate cancer each have persistent effects on quality of life. Sexual dysfunction three years after diagnosis was common in all treatment groups, whereas poor urinary function was less common. Bowel function was most compromised in those who had external beam radiotherapy. Men with prostate cancer and the clinicians who treat them should be aware of the effects of treatment on quality of life, and weigh them up against the patient’s age and the risk of progression of prostate cancer if untreated to make informed decisions about treatment.
Efficient Verification of Equivalence Classes and Simultaneous Testing Using Two-layer Covering Arrays

This short paper introduces a method for verifying equivalence classes for module/unit testing. This is achieved using a two-layer covering array, in which some or all values of a primary covering array represent equivalence classes. A second layer covering array of the equivalence class values is computed, and its values substituted for the equivalence class names in the primary array. It is shown that this method can also detect certain classes of errors without a conventional test oracle, and an illustrative example is given. Keywords-component; combinatorial testing; factor covering array; oracle problem; verification and validation (V&V); t-way testing;
An Integrated Protocol for Maintaining Connectivity and Coverage under Probabilistic Models for Wireless Sensor Networks

We propose a distributed connectivity maintenance protocol that explicitly accounts for the probabilistic nature of wireless communication links. The proposed protocol is simple to implement and it achieves a given target communication quality between nodes, which is quantified by the minimum packet delivery rate between any pair of nodes in the network. We demonstrate the robustness of the proposed protocol against random node failures, inaccuracy of node locations, and imperfect time synchronization of nodes using extensive simulations. We extend our connectivity protocol to provide probabilistic coverage as well, where the sensing ranges of sensors follow probabilistic models. Because it employs both probabilistic communication and sensing models, the proposed protocol is more suitable for real sensor network environments than other protocols in the literature that assume a simple disk model for communication and sensing. We compare our protocol against others in the literature and show that it activates fewer number of nodes, consumes much less energy, and significantly prolongs the network lifetime.
A test of two alternative cognitive processing models: Learning styles and dual coding

This study tested two cognitive models, learning styles and dual coding, which make contradictory predictions about how learners process and retain visual and auditory information. Learning styles-based instructional practices are common in educational environments despite a questionable research base, while the use of dual coding is less ubiquitous, and thus measured examination of the two methods has implications for practical application. The study involved 204 university students who were surveyed on their preferred learning style and then presented with information that they were prompted to process via either imagery or linguistic means. The results showed there was no significant interaction effect between learning style and condition, suggesting the most basic prediction of the learning styles hypothesis should be rejected. In a regression analysis, none of the four learning styles (visual, auditory, read/write, or kinesthetic) predicted students’ retention of the material. However, there was a highly significant main effect of condition with those in the visual condition retaining twice as much information as those in the auditory condition regardless of learning style, a result that strongly supports dual coding theory. Implications of the findings would suggest that learning styles instruction is an ineffective method for teachers to employ, and that, instead, incorporating principles of dual coding would have a much greater benefit to student learning.
Managing Model Evolution Using the CCBM Approach

With the adoption of MDE, application evolution is facilitated. Instead of modifying each deployed version, the application is modified only once at the model level and then regenerated for each platform. On the other hand, to manage application complexity, models are partitioned and then integrated together to form larger ones. However most of modeling approaches use an integration mechanism based on merging existing models that makes it difficult to manage application evolution in a modular and incremental way. As an alternative, we propose the collaborative component based model approach (CCBM) that leverages software components principles and focuses on the specification of how models collaborate with each other. This paper presents how the proposed approach contributes to integrate and manage change of models incrementally by preserving defined collaborations during the whole life-cycle of an application, from initial, very loosely specified interactions, through step-wise refinements, to the final concretization to a component implementation.
Firm Size and Innovation Performance: An Empirical Study from Chinese Photoelectron Industry

Using photoelectron firms as samples, the impacts of firm size on innovation performance are examined. The number of patents applied, the sales percentage of innovative product and the degree of novelty of product are chosen as the indexes to measure innovation performance. The statistical results indicate that, as far as the relationship between firm size and innovation performance in the photoelectron industry is concerned, the findings show their relationship is different as the measurement index of innovation performance is different. So we cannot simply say that large firms are more innovative than small firms or small firms are more innovative than large firms. The paper also proves that it is necessary to study the relationship between firm size and innovation performance according to per industry. This study still finds that it is important to consider a broad range of innovation measurement indicators and use these indicators to measure innovation performance respectively in order to more accurately capture the factors influencing innovation performance in a firm.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bipolar Radiofrequency Thermotherapy for Patients with Chronic Prostatitis: A Retrospective Analysis of 26 Cases

Purpose Chronic prostatitis (CP) does not yet have a universally successful therapy. Alternative treatments including thermotherapy have been adopted in the multimodal management of pain and voiding dysfunction. We retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy for patients who were unsatisfied with conventional medication for CP. Materials and Methods A retrospective study between October 2009 and September 2010 of 26 patients who were under 50 years old and diagnosed with CP (National Institutes of Health [NIH]-category III) was performed. Twenty patients were diagnosed with inflammatory CP (NIH-category IIIa) and the rest with noninflammatory CP (NIH-category IIIb). We used the Tempro system at an intraprostatic temperature of 55℃ for 50 minutes with a medium heating rate. All patients also completed the NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI) before and after treatment. Results In the patients diagnosed with CP, the mean serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 0.9±0.3 ng/ml, the prostate volume was 27.1±5.5 g, and the average score for all 3 domains on the NIH-CPSI significantly decreased. The total scores decreased from 19.8±7.1 to 11.1±7.0, the pain domain decreased from 8.6±3.1 to 4.8±3.1, the voiding symptom domain decreased from 5.1±1.8 to 2.9±1.8, and the effect on the quality of life decreased from 6.1±2.2 to 3.4±2.2 (p<0.05). Conclusions Bipolar radiofrequency thermotherapy for patients with CP intractable to conventional medication can provide significant improvement in the NIH-CPSI. Large, randomized controlled trials will also be required to confirm the efficacy of this therapy.
New Approaches for the Stabilization of Discrete Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Models

The work presented deals with the stability and the stabilization of discrete Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models. Several results show that stability and stabilization conditions using a non quadratic function outperform those obtained with a quadratic one. In this work we will use some new Lyapunov's functions and show that the results obtained include all the other approaches. To show the effectiveness of the method, several examples are given.
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A Viruses Are Transmitted Efficiently among Guinea Pigs by Direct Contact but Not by Aerosol

ABSTRACT Influenza viruses resistant to the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor oseltamivir arise under drug selection pressure both in vitro and in vivo. Several mutations in the active site of the viral NA are known to confer relative resistance to oseltamivir, and influenza viruses with certain oseltamivir resistance mutations have been shown to transmit efficiently among cocaged ferrets. However, it is not known whether NA mutations alter aerosol transmission of drug-resistant influenza virus. Here, we demonstrate that recombinant human influenza A/H3N2 viruses without and with oseltamivir resistance mutations (in which NA carries the mutation E119V or the double mutations E119V I222V) have similar in ovo growth kinetics and infectivity in guinea pigs. These viruses also transmit efficiently by the contact route among cocaged guinea pigs, as in the ferret model. However, in an aerosol transmission model, in which guinea pigs are caged separately, the oseltamivir-resistant viruses transmit poorly or not at all; in contrast, the oseltamivir-sensitive virus transmits efficiently even in the absence of direct contact. The present results suggest that oseltamivir resistance mutations reduce aerosol transmission of influenza virus, which could have implications for public health measures taken in the event of an influenza pandemic.
ROLE OF SPORTS ACTIVITIES IN THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS OF STREET CHILDREN (A PILOT STUDY)

This article deals with the socio- cultural and socio- economical features of the street children and the effect of sport activities upon their socialization. The study was carried out upon 133 children who live or work in the streets of Ankara with or without home fitting perfectly well in the description of “street children” who had been involved in sports at various degrees before. the data were collected by the use of the 69 question socialization scale developed by Şahan (2007). The data obtained were evaluated by the use of SPSS statistical software. The data were first subjected to frequency analysis and listed in tabular manner. The percentage of the variables in the sample was determined and the features of the sample were first subjected to a general evaluation process. Then the analysis process to be applied to hypotheses was started and the raw data were evaluated by the use of Mann Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis Nonparametric Test. It was concluded that here was not a statistically significant difference between the socialization levels of the children interested and not interested in sports according to gender and the income levels of the families. On the other hand, there was significant difference in the socialization levels of the children if the interest in sports and family income parameters are considered together. Article visualizations:
Bewertung von Methoden hinsichtlich einer ganzheitlichen Prozessdarstellung

Logistics Journal: Not reviewed publication, Vol. 2011, Iss. 10 - Zur Optimierung innerbetrieblicher Logistikprozesse ist eine ganzheitliche Prozessdarstellung unter Berucksichtigung von Material-, Informationsfluss und der eingesetzten Ressourcen erforderlich. In diesem Aufsatz werden verschiedene, haufig verwendete Methoden zur Prozessdarstellung diesbezuglich miteinander verglichen und bewertet. Die verschiedenen Starken und Schwachen werden in Form eines Benchmarks zusammengefasst, das als Grundlage fur eine neue Methode dient, die im Rahmen des IGF-Forschungsprojekts 16187 N/1 erarbeitet wurde.