Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Text Analysis with R for Students of Literature

Research in the area of literature is largely qualitatively based and people in the area may sometimes challenge the significance of using quantitative and computational methods in literature study. The author in the Preface of the book under review addressed the issue by arguing that results of the computational approaches could add complementary evidence to those of the “speculative methods” and might come up with new findings (p. viii). The book is one of the Quantitative Methods in the Humanities and Social Sciences Series. It aims to provide literary, or more generally humanist, researchers quantitative and computational methods of studying the texts (p. vii). Along with those methods, the book discusses the basics of R, a free but powerful language and tool for text analysis and statistics. Since most of its target audience may have no experience of programming, the book assumes its readers have no background knowledge of programming. With that said, the book is different from other excellent books of similar purposes such as Baayen (2008), Gries (2009) and Gries (2013) in its structure. It does not start with a brief introduction to the basic data types of the programming language and then discusses the topics concerned one after another. After a very brief introduction to the installation and running of R and RStudio, it goes straight to text analysis topics and techniques with integrated discussions on R programming skills. The “fast and tothe-point” feature aims to make “the technical useful and immediately rewarding” to the readers (p. vii). In addition, the language used in the book is easy and humorous. The author is more of a storyteller than a serious professor and always explains the seemingly monotonous technical odds and ends with analogies and metaphors, which makes the book an obviously witty and enjoyable read. The book is divided into three parts. The first part “Microanalysis” contains the first five chapters. It mainly deals with word frequency and distribution and introduces most of the basic programming techniques of the R language. The second part “Mesoanalysis”, which is composed of the next five chapters, explores topics of a higher level, such as lexical variety, hapax richness, KWIC and XML parsing. The third part “Macroanalysis” contains the last three
A case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis syndrome secondary to high-altitude polycythemia

Abstract In recent years, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis has become the commonest cause of the nephrotic syndrome seen in adults. Secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is observed when glomerular workload is increased. We report a case of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with nephrotic syndrome secondary to high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC). Our case points out that for patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, who presented with nephrotic syndrome secondary to HAPC, treatments for HAPC are crucial for the reduction of proteinuria and renal protection instead of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive drugs.
Hard Tissue Barrier Formation in Pulpotomized Monkey Teeth Capped with Cyanoacrylate or Calcium Hydroxide for 10 and 60 Minutes

Monkey incisor teeth were pulpotomized in groups of 10. After physiological hemostasis, the pulps of group I were covered with isobutyl cyanoacrylate, and those of groups II and III with calcium hydroxide for 10 and 60 minutes, respectively, whereafter this compound was washed away and the wound surfaces covered with Teflon. In group IV, calcium hydroxide was used as a positive control, and Teflon as a negative control in group V. The animals were killed after 12 weeks and the teeth removed in tissue blocks. The material was processed and evaluated histologically with respect to location and continuity of a hard tissue barrier, type of newly formed hard tissue, state of the pulp, and presence of stainable bacteria in the coronal cavity. Seven of nine teeth in group I showed a hard tissue barrier. The corresponding figure for group II was eight out of 10 teeth. All teeth in groups III and IV had a barrier. The incidence of a continuous barrier increased from group I through group IV, as did the incidence of its location below the level of the original wound surface. The condition of the pulp was related to the presence of bacteria and the continuity of the barrier to the presence of inflammation. There was no bridging in group V. The results support the theory that a low-grade irritation is responsible for the formation of a hard tissue barrier in exposed pulps.
Human lymphocyte activation assay: An in vitro method for predictive immunotoxicity testing

Preclinical immunotoxicity assessments may be performed during pharmaceutical drug development in order to identify potential cause for concern prior to use in the clinic. The in vivo T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) is widely used in this regard, given its sensitivity to known immunosuppressive compounds, but may be impractical early in drug development where quantities of test article are limited. The goal of the current work is to develop an in vitro human cell-based assay that is sensitive to immunosuppression, uses relatively small quantities of test article, and is simple to perform with moderate to high throughput. Ideally, this assay would require the cooperation of multiple cellular compartments to produce a response, similar to the TDAR. Although the Mishell–Dutton assay (in vitro mouse splenic sheep red blood cell response) has been used for this purpose, it shows considerable inter-laboratory variability, and rodent cells are used which leads to potential difficulty in translation of findings to humans. We have developed an assay that measures an influenza antigen-specific response using frozen-stored human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which we have termed the human lymphocyte activation (HuLA) assay. The HuLA assay is sensitive to cyclosporine, dexamethasone, rapamycin, mycophenolic acid, and methotrexate at concentrations within their respective therapeutic ranges. Although proliferation is the primary endpoint, we demonstrate that flow cytometry approaches may be used to characterize the proliferating lymphocyte subsets. Flu antigen-specific proliferation in the HuLA assay primarily involves both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes, although other lymphocyte subsets also proliferate. In addition, flu-specific antibody-secreting cells can be measured in this assay by ELISPOT, a response that is also sensitive to known immunosuppressive compounds. The HuLA assay represents a relatively straightforward assay with the capability of detecting immune suppression in human cells and can be applied to compound ranking and immunotoxicity assessment.
Sensitivity of acute leukemia cells to cytarabine is a correlate of cellular es nucleoside transporter site content measured by flow cytometry with SAENTA-fluorescein.

Cytarabine (araC) is converted to araC 5'-triphosphate after entering leukemia cells as a substrate for nucleoside transport processes. This study tested the relationship between araC cytotoxicity, measured in an in vitro tetrazolium dye reduction assay of cell viability, and the cellular abundance of es nucleoside transport elements, assayed by a flow cytometric method that used the es-specific stain, 5-(SAENTA-x8)-fluorescein (5-(Sx8)-F), in cultured leukemia cells and in myeloblasts and lymphoblasts (blasts) from leukemia patients. Cellular es site abundance (B(max) value for 5-(Sx8)-F binding) varied sixfold among nine leukemic myeloblast samples from patients. In cultured OCI/AML-2 myeloblasts and CCRF-CEM T-lymphoblasts, and in fresh leukemic blasts, es sites were fractionally blocked by treatment with graded concentrations of nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR), an inhibitory es site ligand, to simulate the variation in es expression found in leukemic blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia. When the cytotoxicity of a single concentration of araC was determined in NBMPR-treated leukemia cells, cell kill correlated closely with the intensity of 5-(Sx8)-F fluorescence (r = .92 to .99), a measure of the cell surface abundance of functional es nucleoside transporter sites. Concentrations of NBMPR that achieved half-maximal reduction (4.3 to 12 nmol/L) of cellular 5-(Sx8)-F fluorescence (measured by flow cytometry) approximated IC50 values (1 to 10 nmol/L) previously found for inhibition by NBMPR of es-mediated nucleoside fluxes in several cell types, supporting the view that 5-(Sx8)-F interacted with the estransporter. The correlation of araC cytotoxicity and the B(max) for 5-(Sx8)-F binding to es sites in cultured leukemia cells and in leukemic blasts from acute leukemia patients (r = .95) suggests that the flow cytometry assay of es capacity may be useful in predicting clinical response to araC.
Exploring MEDLINE Space with Random Indexing and Pathfinder Networks

The integration of disparate research domains is a prerequisite for the success of the translational science initiative. MEDLINE abstracts contain content from a broad range of disciplines, presenting an opportunity for the development of methods able to integrate the knowledge they contain. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and related methods learn human-like associations between terms from unannotated text. However, their computational and memory demands limits their ability to address a corpus of this size. Furthermore, visualization methods previously used in conjunction with LSA have limited ability to define the local structure of the associative networks LSA learns. This paper explores these issues by (1) processing the entire MEDLINE corpus using Random Indexing, a variant of LSA, and (2) exploring learned associations using Pathfinder Networks. Meaningful associations are inferred from MEDLINE, including a drug-disease association undetected by PUBMED search.
Hybrid Detection Approach for STAP in Heterogeneous Clutter

We address the problem of radar target detection under clutter heterogeneity. Traditional approaches, designated as the two-data set (TDS) algorithms, require a training data set in order to estimate the interference covariance matrix and implement the adaptive filter. This training data is usually drawn from range gates adjacent to the cell under test (CUT) that are deemed to be statistically homogeneous with it. When the training data exhibits statistical heterogeneity with respect to the test data, the performance of the TDS detectors degrades. The single-data set (SDS) detectors have been proposed to deal with this problem by operating solely on the test data. In this paper, we present a general hybrid approach that combines the SDS and TDS algorithms, taking the degree of heterogeneity into account. This makes the SDS and TDS detectors special cases of the more general hybrid formulation. We derive the hybrid detectors and propose the use of the generalised inner product as a heterogeneity measure. We analyse the new hybrid detectors and give expressions for the probabilities of false alarm and detection when the clutter is assumed homogeneous, and we assess their performance under heterogeneity using Monte Carlo simulations. The results show that the new detectors outperform both the TDS and SDS algorithms under both homogeneous and heterogeneous interference.
USAGE MINING FOR COMPARING USER ACCESS BEHAVIOUR USING CLUSTERING TECHNIQUE

Web mining has been implemented and developed into several research areas to satisfy the current era‟s need. The term web mining is prepared to symbolize the use of data mining techniques for automatically discovering hidden information from the data available over internet in the form of web content, website structure and web usage. This paper work represents the algorithm based on predictive approach of data mining technique used for web usage mining for comparing access behavior. Clustering technique is used to group items with similar characteristics. When applied to web access log data for comparing user access behavior, clustering technique used to group the accesses based on the characteristics. The main advantage that Clustering has it makes group of common characteristics like user‟s interest, behavior together to classify different user requests. In this research work, authors proposed an algorithm named ClusterView based on clustering technique. Keyword: Web Usage Mining, Access Behaviour, Clustering, K-Means. Introduction Clustering can be supervised data mining or unsupervised data mining as given in [3] means that it does not rely on predefined training itemset or semisupervised data mining proposed in [4]. Clustering can be of two types either distance based or of model based. In distance based clustering technique, it involves determining distance computed between pairs of data items and then creating group of similar items putting together into clusters such as partitioned clustering and hierarchical clustering. Partitioned methods create partitions of data items into K groups and it is represented by k-means algorithm. A hierarchical method used to build hierarchical group (or set) of interleaved clusters with the top level cluster containing a single cluster of all data item. In model based clustering defined by Zhong et al and Ghosh et al [5], the model type is proposed as the model structure that can be determined by model selection techniques and parameters estimated using maximum likelihood algorithms such as Expectation Maximization (EM) technique. In proposed ClusterView algorithm, authors used partitioned and hierarchical clustering method to compare the user access behavior on internet. Clustering can also be used in data preprocessing task for classification technique that could operate on the detected clusters.
Database-assisted load flow simulation for low voltage grids using a model reduction approach

Steady-state load flow simulation is an essential tool to evaluate the impact of distributed generation, demand side management or traditional grid expansion. As these developments mostly affect the low voltage grid, it is worth having a look at the distinctive characteristics of load flow simulation in these grids. This paper presents a database-driven approach to significantly speed up big simulation tasks by exploiting the special topology of low-voltage grids. This is achieved by separating and reducing grids into smaller, uniform grids, which share a topology and differ only in impedances and consumed power. These values can be stored in a database together with the calculated solutions, so that similar grids can be looked up in the future. The algorithm is particularly suitable for speeding up extensive Monte Carlo simulations of low voltage grids.
Stability guaranteed control: Time domain passivity approach

A new, energy-based method is proposed for guaranteeing the stability of large classes of control systems with minimum performance losses. Based on a network presentation, the large classes of control systems are analyzed in a unified framework. In this unified network model, the concept of passivity is used to study the stability of large classes of control systems. For guaranteeing the stability condition, the time-domain passivity controller is extended to a 2-port network to make the controller 2-port passive. The developed method is tested with numerical simulation in the regulation of a single link flexible manipulator. Totally stable control is achieved under a wide variety of operating conditions and uncertainties without any model information.
Girls' childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior predict adjustment problems in early adolescence.

BACKGROUND It is widely recognized that early onset of disruptive behavior is linked to a variety of detrimental outcomes in males, later in life. In contrast, little is known about the association between girls' childhood trajectories of disruptive behavior and adjustment problems in early adolescence. METHODS This study used nine waves of data from the ongoing Pittsburgh Girls Study. A semiparametric group-based model was used to identify trajectories of disruptive behavior in 1,513 girls from age 6 to 12 years. Adjustment problems were characterized by depression, self-harm, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), substance use, interpersonal aggression, sexual behavior, affiliation with delinquent peers, and academic achievement at ages 13 and 14. RESULTS Three trajectories of childhood disruptive behavior were identified: low, medium, and high. Girls in the high group were at increased risk for depression, self-harm, PTSD, illegal substance use, interpersonal aggression, early and risky sexual behavior, and lower academic achievement. The likelihood of multiple adjustment problems increased with trajectories reflecting higher levels of disruptive behavior. CONCLUSION Girls following the high childhood trajectory of disruptive behavior require early intervention programs to prevent multiple, adverse outcomes in adolescence and further escalation in adulthood.
Trichoderma matsushimae and T. aeroaquaticum: two aero-aquatic species with Pseudaegerita-like propagules

Four isolates tentatively identified as Pseudaegerita matsushimae on the basis of the morphology of bulbil-like propagules were collected from substrates submerged in water in Thailand and Japan. In culture studies the two Thai isolates were found to produce phialoconidia on conidiogenous cells and phialoconidiophores whose morphology was similar to that of Trichoderma. Phylogenetic analysis based on D1/D2 regions of LSU rDNA sequences showed that the four isolates were nested in Hypocrea/Trichoderma (Hypocreales) while P. corticalis, the type species of Pseudaegerita, belongs to Hyaloscypha (Helotiales). Preliminary analysis by ISTH Web tools based on 5.8S-ITS rDNA and phylogenetic analysis based on rpb2 and tef1-int4 genes showed that the isolates have specific sequences of Trichoderma (anchors 1–5) and belong to the Hamatum clade but they grouped apart from any known species of Trichoderma. The sequences of the tef1-int4 gene, which were amplified from the authentic specimen of P. matsushimae (IMI 266915), also showed that it belongs to the Hamatum clade closely clustering with T. yunnanense but separate from our four isolates. The morphology of P. matsushimae (IMI 266915), especially the sizes of phialides and phialoconidia, were different from T. yunnanense. Thus, we conclude that IMI 266915 and our isolates are to be assigned to two different species in the Hamatum clade of Trichoderma, although both species have similar morphology of bulbils and phialoconidia. Morphology and molecular data revealed that P. matsushimae should be assigned to the genus Trichoderma as T. matsushimae and the Thai and Japanese isolates are placed in T. aeroaquaticum sp. nov. This finding supports the interpretation that aero-aquatic fungi have evolved from terrestrial fungi. We assume that these fungi probably were derived from typically soil-inhabiting species of Trichoderma; an adaptation to aquatic environments is shown by formation of bulbil-like propagules floating on water.
A vacuolar glucoamylase, Sga1, participates in glycogen autophagy for proper asexual differentiation in Magnaporthe oryzae

Nutrient limitation acts as a trigger for the synthesis of glycogen, which serves as a carbon and energy reserve during starvation. Recently, we reported that an autophagy-deficient mutant (atg8Δ) shows severe reduction in aerial hyphal growth and conidiation in the rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and proposed that autophagy plays an important role in facilitating glycogen homeostasis to ensure proper asexual differentiation in Magnaporthe. Here, we identify and characterize a vacuolar glucoamylase function (Sga1) that hydrolyses glycogen to meet the energy requirements during asexual development in Magnaporthe. Loss of SGA1 resulted in significant reduction in conidiation compared to the wild-type Magnaporthe strain. More importantly, an sga1Δ atg8Δ double deletion mutant showed further reduction in conidiation compared to the atg8Δ mutant in Magnaporthe. Forced localization of GFP-Sga1 to the cytoplasm (through removal of the predicted signal peptide) led to increased conidiation in wild type and the sga1Δ, but more interestingly, significantly restored conidiation in the atg8Δ mutant. Our results indicate that autophagy and Sga1 act cooperatively in vacuolar glycogen breakdown, which is essential for conidia formation but dispensable for pathogenicity in Magnaporthe.
Pinning synchronization of delayed dynamical networks via impulsive control

This paper investigates synchronization of dynamical networks with both system delay and transmission delay by applying pinning impulsive control. Based on the comparison theorem and the theory of impulsive functional differential equations, some novel criteria are obtained, from which the proportion of pinned nodes is able to be determined. A numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Evaluating the Organoleptic Properties of Soy Meatballs (BEEF) with varying Levels of Moringa oleifera Leaves Powder

: The study was conducted to evaluate the organoleptic properties of soy meatball at varying levels of Moringa oleifera leaves powder inclusion. The result of the sensory evaluation of the products showed that they were generally accepted above average (3.5). However, soy meatball sample without Moringa oleifera leaves powder inclusion was most acceptable (very much liked) in terms of colour, taste, texture and overall acceptance with a mean score of 4.37. The colour scores were significantly different (P>0.05). Generally, the taste decreased with Moringa oleifera leaves powder inclusion and differ significantly (P>0.05). ©
Storage and secretion of gonadotropins from the gonadotropes

The gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (lutropin, LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (follitropin, FSH) through their ability to regulate the synthesis of the sex steroids (androgens and estrogens), are indispensable for proper gonadal development and function (1). The synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins are regulated by the hormones produced by the pituitary itself (such as follistatin and activin), as well as the hormones from the hypothalamus and the gonads (2,3,4,5,6) . This tripartite regulatory network is known as the hypothalamuspituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis (Fig. 1).
Crossing the Threshold: Practical Foundations for Government Services on the World Wide Web

Government leaders at every level are calling for bold, imaginative use of the World Wide Web (Web) to help achieve the goal of a National Information Infrastructure (NII). The Web promises service quality, efficiency, and convenience, but it also presents significant implementation challenges to public agencies. During 1996, the Internet Testbeds conducted at the New York State Center for Technology in Government explored the potential and the practical problems of creating Web-based government services. The Internet Services Testbed explored the organizational resources, processes, policies, and technologies that agencies need in order to develop and deliver specific information-based public services over the Web. The Internet Technologies Testbed examined the technical feasibility of using the Web as a universal platform for the delivery of services to citizens. The two testbeds identified five threshold factors that shape a government agency's ability to initiate Web-based services: The agency's own technical infrastructure, user capabilities, the management of information content, realistic cost estimates, and recognition and management of security risks. The public nature of most government Web sites gives these considerations special characteristics that set them apart from similar concerns in the private sector.