Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compressed Sensing

Compressed Sensing surprisingly predicts that high-dimensional vectors which allow a sparse representation by a suitable basis or, more generally, a frame, can be recovered from what was previously considered highly incomplete linear measurements by using efficient algorithms. To incorporate the sparsifying system (basis/frame) into the recovery algorithm, an `1-analysis-minimization strategy is often pursued, which is very successful, for instance, for multiscale systems. In the first part of this lecture, we will discuss a generalized notion of sparsity, which allows for the first time to derive very precise theoretical recovery guarantees for `1-analysis-minimization, enabling accurate predictions of its sample complexity based on the Gram matrix of the analysis operator. Our findings surprisingly defy conventional wisdom which promotes the sparsity of analysis coefficients as the crucial quantity to study. However, in certain applications due to a lack of data classical compressed sensing strategies fail as in limited-angle computed tomography. For such situations we will present a general strategy to combine `1-analysis-minimization with deep learning, with maximal control on the recovery procedure by targeting the learning only to the “invisible” part of the data.
The SciZ protein anchors the enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Type VI secretion system to the cell wall

Type VI secretion systems (T6SS) are multi‐component machines encoded within the genomes of most Gram‐negative bacteria that associate with plant, animal and/or human cells, and therefore are considered as potential virulence factors. We recently launched a study on the Sci‐1 T6SS of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC). The Sci‐1 T6SS is composed of all or a subset of the 21 gene products encoded within the cluster, 13 of which are shared by all T6SS identified so far. In the present work, we focussed our attention on the SciZ protein. We first showed that SciZ is required for the release of the Hcp protein in the culture supernatant and for efficient biofilm formation, demonstrating that SciZ is necessary for EAEC T6SS function. Indeed, SciZ forms a complex with SciP, SciS and SciN, three core components of the transport apparatus. Fractionation and topology studies showed that SciZ is a polytopic inner membrane protein with three trans‐membrane segments. Computer analyses identified a motif shared by peptidoglycan binding proteins of the OmpA family in the SciZ periplasmic domain. Using in vivo and in vitro binding assays, we showed that this motif anchors the SciZ protein to the cell wall and is required for T6SS function.
Protection of Nonpermanent Faults on DC Overhead Lines in MMC-Based HVDC Systems

A high-voltage direct current system using modular multilevel converter (MMC-HVDC) is a potential candidate for grid integration of renewable energy over long distances. The dc-link fault is an issue MMC-HVDC must deal with, especially for the nonpermanent faults when using overhead lines. This paper proposed a protection scheme to implement fast fault clearance and automatic recovery for nonpermanent faults on dc lines. By employing double thyristor switches, the freewheeling effect of diodes is eliminated and the dc-link fault current is allowed to freely decay to zero. Then, the dc arc can be naturally extinguished and the insulation on the short-circuit point can be restored. The thyristor switches convert the dc-link fault into an ac short circuit of the ac grid through MMC arms. The ac short-circuit current can be cleared simply by turning off all thyristor switches. Since circuit breakers are not tripped during fault clearance, MMC can immediately and automatically rebuild the dc-link voltage and restart power transmission. Simulation results using PSCAD/EMTDC have verified the validity of the proposed protection scheme.
ON THE SPATIAL VERSIONS OF THE ZAKHAROV AND DYSTHE MODELS

Spatial evolution of nonlinear deep-water wave groups is studied experimentally and numerically. Spatial two-dimensional version of the Zakharov equation describing evolution of deep-water gravity waves is used to derive two 4 th order evolution equations, for the amplitudes of the surface elevation and of the velocity potential. The scaled form of the equations is presented. The experimental results for wave groups with initial narrow spectrum are compared with the computations based on the unidirectional Zakharov equation and the Dysthe model. The very good agreement between the computational results based on both models with the experiments prompted an attempt to perform simulations for a wider initial spectral width, that formally violate the assumptions adopted in the derivation of the Dysthe model. The accuracy of the results based on the Dysthe model is checked against the solutions of the Zakharov equation, which is free of restrictions on the spectral width. Conclusions regarding the domain of validity of the Dysthe model are drawn.
Novel user clustering schemes for downlink NOMA system

In this paper, we propose novel user clustering schemes for downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system, where an N-antenna base station (BS) selects and serves 2N users from K single antenna user equipments (UEs) (K ≥ 2N and K is even). In particular, we propose a signal difference and alignment (SDA) framework to achieve fair and spectral efficient user clustering for NOMA with flexible performance-complexity tradeoff. To be more specific, the BS sorts UEs according to their large-scale fading (LSF) gains and selects N primary UEs with the highest LSF gains to guide the downlink zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) vector. Then the BS selects N complementary UEs from the second half of the sorted UE set based on the principle of signal space alignment (SSA). Unlike conventional user scheduling, SDA framework uses the ordered set to create signal strength difference for NOMA while employing opportunistic SSA method to select complementary UEs with minimal inter-cluster interference leakage. Moreover, the SDA framework can enable distributed implementation with graceful performance at lower system overhead. Numerical results verify that the proposed schemes improve the performance in downlink NOMA system.
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics malfunction are linked in Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease

Pelizaeus‐Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a fatal hypomyelinating disorder characterized by early impairment of motor development, nystagmus, choreoathetotic movements, ataxia and progressive spasticity. PMD is caused by variations in the proteolipid protein gene PLP1, which encodes the two major myelin proteins of the central nervous system, PLP and its spliced isoform DM20, in oligodendrocytes. Large duplications including the entire PLP1 gene are the most frequent causative mutation leading to the classical form of PMD. The Plp1 overexpressing mouse model (PLP‐tg66/66) develops a phenotype very similar to human PMD, with early and severe motor dysfunction and a dramatic decrease in lifespan. The sequence of cellular events that cause neurodegeneration and ultimately death is poorly understood. In this work, we analyzed patient‐derived fibroblasts and spinal cords of the PLP‐tg66/66 mouse model, and identified redox imbalance, with altered antioxidant defense and oxidative damage to several enzymes involved in ATP production, such as glycolytic enzymes, creatine kinase and mitochondrial proteins from the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. We also evidenced malfunction of the mitochondria compartment with increased ROS production and depolarization in PMD patient's fibroblasts, which was prevented by the antioxidant N‐acetyl‐cysteine. Finally, we uncovered an impairment of mitochondrial dynamics in patient's fibroblasts which may help explain the ultrastructural abnormalities of mitochondria morphology detected in spinal cords from PLP‐tg66/66 mice. Altogether, these results underscore the link between redox and metabolic homeostasis in myelin diseases, provide insight into the pathophysiology of PMD, and may bear implications for tailored pharmacological intervention.
Oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 3 are ER retention diseases: mutation of tyrosinase or Tyrp1 can affect the processing of both mutant and wild‐type proteins

Various types of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) are associated with reduced pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes that results from mutations in genes involved in melanin synthesis. Immortal mouse melanocyte lines (melan‐a, melan‐b, and melan‐c) provide opportune models with which to investigate the etiology of two different types of OCA(types I and III), which arise from mutations in Tyr and Tyrpl, respectively. We compared intracellular processing, sorting, and degradation of tyrosinase and Tyrp1, and the effects on their catalytic function and melanin synthesis, in these wild‐type and mutant melanocytes. A mutation in either Tyr or Tyrp1 increased the time of association of tyrosinase and Tyrpl with calnexin and Bip, which in turn resulted in the retention of these mutant products in the ER. A mutation in either gene selectively enhanced the duration and efficiency of chaperone interactions (even with the wild‐type protein in the mutant melanocytes) and markedly slowed their transport to melanosomes. These results show that OCA1 and OCA3 are (in some cases, at least) ER retention diseases wherein a mutation in one melano‐genic protein affects the maturation and stability of the other in the melanogenic pathway. —Toyofuku, K. , Wada, I. , Valencia, J. C. , Kushimoto, T. , Ferrans, V. J., Hearing, V. J. Oculocutaneous albinism types 1 and 3 are ER retention diseases: mutation of tyrosinase or Tyrp1 can affect the processing of both mutant and wild‐type proteins. FASEB J. 15, 2149–2161 (2001)
Title : An Empirical Study on Value Relevance of Fair Value : Based on the Data of Financial Industry and Manufacturing Industry in China

Economic development and advancements in information technology contributed to the shift on accounting objective from commission responsibility view to decision-making useful view. The decision-making useful view claims that the accounting measurement methods should be changed to improve the usefulness of accounting information, to enable information users to make correct decisions. In addition, the development of financial instruments leads to the birth of fair value accounting. In recent years, fair value has been one of the most important measurement methods in the International Accounting Standard and US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. However, China has been quite cautious when it comes to applying fair value full time, especially after the global financial crisis happened in 2008, wherein fair value accounting was exposed to strong suspicion. Hence, studying the value relevance of fair value is of great significance to exploring the accounting profession and reforming accounting standards. This paper attempts to investigate the value-relevance of fair value based on the data of listed financial companies and manufacturing companies in China. The results indicate that the fair value information in the financial industry has a strong explanatory influence to corporate share price. In contrast, the fair value information shows limited relevance in the manufacturing industry. Finally, consulting with the results of normative analysis and empirical study, this paper suggests several rational advices for the application of fair value in China.
Xprof: profiling the execution of X Window programs

Execution profiles are useful in analyzing the performance of computer programs on a given computer system However, accurate and complete profiles are difficult to arrive at for programs that follow the clientserver model of computing. In this model, which is followed by programs in the X Window system, client programs request various services from servers by exchanging messages with them The objective of this research is to arrive at meaningful execution profiles for X Window applications. In the X Window system a display server ITIEUKi. &S the actual windowing display and the applications programs, or clients, achieve graphical and windowing computation by means of high-level request messages exchanged with the display server by following a communication protocol. Thus, a meaningful profile of an X Window application program, or client, must account for the following three aspects. First, the execution profile of the client program itself, which can be measured by a traditional execution profiler. Second, the time spent in servicing the requests at the display server. Third, the time spent in transferring the messages over the connection between the client and the server programs.
Affinity and specificity of serine endopeptidase-protein inhibitor interactions. Empirical free energy calculations based on X-ray crystallographic structures.

An empirical function was used to calculate free energy change (delta G) of complex formation between the following inhibitors and enzymes: Kunitz inhibitor (BPTI) with trypsin, trypsinogen and kallikrein; turkey ovomucoid 3rd domain (OMTKY3) with alpha-chymotrypsin and the Streptomyces griseus protease B; the potato chymotrypsin inhibitor with the protease B; and the barely chymotrypsin inhibitor and eglin-c with subtilisin and thermitase. Using X-ray coordinates of the nine complexes, we estimated the contributions that hydrophobic effect, electrostatic interactions and side-chain conformational entropy make towards the stability of the complexes. The calculated delta G values showed good agreement with the experimentally measured ones, the only exception being the kallikrein/BPTI complex whose X-ray structure was solved at an exceptionally low pH. In complexes with different enzymes, the same inhibitor residues contributed identically towards complex formation (delta G(residue) Spearman rank correlation coefficient 0.7 to 1.0). The most productive enzyme-contacting residues in OMTKY3, eglin-c, and the chymotrypsin inhibitors were found in analogous positions on their respective binding loops; thus, our calculations identified a functional (energetic) motif that parallels the well-known structural similarity of the binding loops. The delta G values calculated for BPTI complexed with trypsin (-21.7 kcal) and trypsinogen (-23.4 kcal) were similar and close to the experimental delta G value of the trypsin/BPTI complex (-18.1 kcal), lending support to the suggestion that the 10(7) difference in the observed stabilities (KA) of these two complexes reflects the energetic cost of conformational changes induced in trypsinogen during the pre-equilibrium stages of complex formation. In almost all of the complexes studied, the stabilization free energy contributed by the inhibitors was larger than that donated by the enzymes. In the trypsin-BPTI complex, the calculated delta G contribution of the amino group from the BPTI residue Lys15 (9.7 kcal) was somewhat higher than that arrived at in experiments with semisynthetic inhibitor analogs (7.5 kcal). In OMTKY3, different binding loop residues are known to affect differently the binding (delta delta G) to alpha-chymotrypsin and protease B; a good qualitative agreement was found between the calculated delta G(residue) estimates and the experimental delta delta G data (correlation coefficient 0.7). Large variations were observed in local surface complementarity and related interfacial volume in the two OMTKY3 complexes (by 20 to 60% for some side-chains). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Gestalt: Unifying fault localization for networked systems

Researchers have proposed many algorithms for localizing faults in networked systems, but it is unclear which algorithm is best suited for a given network; the performance of these algorithms differs markedly for different networks. We develop a framework that can explain these differences by anatomizing the algorithms into their basic choices and analyzing these choices with respect to six defining characteristics of real networks. Our analysis also reveals that no existing algorithm simultaneously provides good localization accuracy and low computational overhead. Based on our insights, we develop a new algorithm called Gestalt. To perform well across a range of networks, Gestalt combines the good choices of existing algorithms and with a new method to explore the space of possible faults in a way that is both low overhead and robust to noise. We apply it to three real, diverse networks: an email network, a peer-topeer messaging system, and an ISP network. In each case, Gestalt has either significantly higher localization accuracy or an order of magnitude faster running time. For example, when applied to Lync [2], Gestalt localizes faults with the same accuracy as Sherlock [6], while reducing fault localization time from days to 23s on a single system.
Insomnia (primary) in older people.

INTRODUCTION Up to 40% of older adults have insomnia, with difficulty getting to sleep, early waking, or feeling unrefreshed on waking. The prevalence of insomnia increases with age. Other risk factors include psychological factors, stress, daytime napping, and hyperarousal. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of non-drug treatments for insomnia in older people? What are the effects of drug treatments for insomnia in older people? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to December 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 34 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review, we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antidepressants, benzodiazepines, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), diphenhydramine, exercise programmes, timed exposure to bright light, zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone.
Prediction of Clinical Response to ECT

Because of the empirical nature of the treatment procedure, many investigators have sought predictors of clinical response to ECT (Abrams, 1972). Three studies (Hobson, 1953; Carney et al., 1965; and Mendels, 1967) provide well-defined methods for calculating an index for prediction of response to ECT. Each assigns individual weights to specific features of the clinical state and the history of the illness, as determined during a pre-treatment interview. The predictive accuracy reported for these indices ranges from 79–87 per cent. Three attempts have been made to replicate Hobson's (1953) results—two were successful (Roberts, 1959; and Mendels, 1965), and one was not (Hamilton and White, 1960). We have found no reports attempting to test the prognostic accuracy of the indices of Carney et al. (1965) or Mendels (1967).
Expression of p63 differs in peritoneal endometriosis, endometriomas, adenomyosis, rectovaginal septum endometriosis, and abdominal wall endometriosis.

CONTEXT Although there is evidence that endometriosis results from basal endometrium dislocation, the underlying biology is not fully understood. One protein that plays an important role in regulating epithelial proliferation and differentiation is the 63-kDa membrane protein (p63), which is also a marker of basal and reserve cells in the female genital tract. OBJECTIVE To determine whether p63 is expressed differently in peritoneal endometriosis, endometriomas, and adenomyosis, as well as in deep endometriotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum and abdominal wall. DESIGN This study includes a prospective series of consecutive patients (Canadian Task Force classification II-2) from a tertiary care university hospital. Specimens collected from 83 patients (15 peritoneal endometriosis specimens, 22 endometrioma specimens, 36 adenomyosis specimens, and 10 rectovaginal septum/abdominal wall specimens) were evaluated. Diagnostic and operative laparoscopies or laparotomies were performed, and tissue samples were obtained. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate p63 expression. RESULTS Positivity for p63 was detected in 93.3% of the peritoneal endometriosis specimens, 81.8% of the endometrioma specimens, 36.1% of the adenomyosis specimens, and none of the rectovaginal/abdominal wall endometriosis specimens (P < .001). Distribution of p63 immunostaining in the positive specimens was homogeneous. CONCLUSIONS Endometriotic lesions express p63 differently, and some retain the basal/reserve cell immunophenotype. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether the lack of p63 expression in some lesions is related to the extent of the disease, to its clinical behavior, or to exacerbation of the accompanying symptoms.
Idiopathic orbital myositis: treatment with cyclosporin.

SIR: Haenophilus aphrophilus is a Gram negative, capnophilic, slow growing bacillus. ' In human disease this organism is an uncommon cause of bacterial endocarditis and, rarely, brain abscess, meningitis, sinusitis, peritonitis, pneumonitis, epidural abscess.2 We report a case of spondylodiscitis due to H aphrophilus, in which diagnosis was delayed because of the presence of a vacuum phenomenon in the interverbral disc space, initially interpreted as non-infectious disease. A 67 year old man presented with a three week history of increasing low back pain associated with fever of 38°C. Eight days previously he had been treated for a respiratory tract infection with 1 g of amoxicillin/day. A physical examination showed he was normal except for severe lumbar stiffness. His temperature was raised to 38-5°C. Routine laboratory tests showed leucocytosis (1005x1IO white blood cells/l) and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (60 mm/h). Routine x ray examination of the lumbar spine showed narrowing of the L4-5 and L5-S1 discs. Computed tomography confirmed the absence of bone lesions and showed a vacuum phenomenon at the L4-5 level, which was interpreted as a degenerative lesion (fig 1). A bone scan (technetium-99m) showed a slightly increased uptake at L4-5. The search for a septic process proved to be negative in urine, blood, sputum, and in pharyngeal and buccal swabs. Multiple investigations for a malignant neoplasm or a haematological malignancy gave negative results showing that the pain was not due to such lesions. Repeated serological tests for Lyme disease and HIV, and Wright and Widal-Felix tests were negative. The intradermal tuberculin was negative. Owing to the lack of improvement and the persistent fever during this long hospital admission, a lumbar puncture was performed. It showed a raised cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration of 2-4 g/l with 97 cells, including 60% lymphocytes. The cerebrospinal fluid remained sterile on various culture media, however. Repeated x ray examination of the lumbar spine, performed three weeks after the initial admission to hospital, showed further narrowing of the L4-5 disc space with erosions of adjacent bone end plates of the L4 and L5 vertebrae suggesting osteomyelitis. Computed tomography confirmed the lesions with swelling of the surrounding soft tissues (fig 2). Results of two dimensional echocardiography were normal. Culture of a discoverte-