Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Fixation

Retrieving information from memory causes the forgetting of other information in memory, a phenomenon known as retrieval-induced forgetting (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994). Retrieval-induced forgetting is believed to be caused by inhibitory processes that act to resolve competition (Anderson, 2003; Storm, in press). According to this account, the attempt to retrieve a target item activates nontarget items, creating competition and requiring that the nontarget items be inhibited. Retrieval-induced forgetting is the consequence of this adaptive process—one that functions to resolve competition and facilitate retrieval. Here, we report a study examining the role of inhibition in creative problem solving. Many problems are difficult to solve because old and inappropriate ideas cause mental fixation, impeding the generation of new and appropriate ideas (Smith, 2003). Inhibition may facilitate creative problem solving by providing a mechanism by which to bypass fixation and achieve a creative solution. We tested this hypothesis by measuring retrieval-induced forgetting and correlating that measure with performance on the Remote Associates Test (RAT; Mednick, 1962). To solve a RAT problem, participants must generate a common associate for three cue words (e.g., manners, tennis, round; solution: table). RAT problems are difficult to solve because the strongest associate for each cue word (e.g., polite, ball, and square, respectively) often bears no relationship to the other cue words and would not, therefore, serve as an appropriate solution. Once activated, however, these strong associates can cause fixation and impede the generation of creative and appropriate associates (Smith & Blankenship, 1991). We manipulated the extent to which participants experienced fixation by exposing half of the participants to misleading associates prior to problem solving. If inhibition underlies retrieval-induced forgetting, and if inhibition functions to resolve competition, then individuals who demonstrate more retrieval-induced forgetting in the retrieval-practice paradigm should also demonstrate a superior ability to overcome fixation in the RAT.
Ultrasonographic findings in calves with respiratory disease

The aim of this study was to assess the value of ultrasonography as an imaging technique for the assessment of respiratory diseases in calves. Postmortem findings were used as a ‘gold standard’. Eighteen calves aged up to five months which suffered from pneumonia or bronchopneumonia were used. Ultrasonographic and postmortem findings were recorded in eight segments of the lungs of each animal and compared. Ultrasonography of healthy pulmonary tissue yielded only the pleural reflective band and repetitive artefacts. Pulmonary tissue with bronchopneumonia was detected as a basic echogenic pattern containing hyperechogenic zones. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique for the detection of bronchopneumonia were calculated to be 0.85 and 0.98, respectively.
Textual and Visual Information in eWOM: A Gap Between Preferences in Information Search and Diffusion

This article examines the gap between travel-related information search and diffusion by online users in order to better understand the important role of visual information in electronic word of mouth (eWOM). Several analyses were conducted to investigate differences in travelers' preferences for particular forms of information. The results suggest that textual–visual information formats (i.e., photos and/or videos combined with text) have a greater influence on motivation to travel than text-only information. On the other hand, experienced travelers tend to contribute text-only information when spreading eWOM. This study discusses the reasons for this gap and the individual differences in travelers' information format preferences when retrieving and diffusing travel-related information online. Managerial implications for destination marketers and user-generated content platform managers are suggested.
Mimicry in coral reef fish: how accurate is this deception in terms of color and luminance?

Batesian and aggressive mimics are considered to be under selective pressure to resemble their models, whereas signal receivers are under selection to discriminate between mimics and models. However, the perceptual ability of signal receivers to discriminate between mimics and models is rarely studied. Here we examined 15 model--mimic coral reef fish pairs using nonsubjective methods to judge the accuracy of mimics in terms of color and luminance. We then investigated the potential ability of fish with various visual systems to discriminate between model and mimic colors using theoretical vision models. We found the majority of mimics closely resembled models in terms of color and luminance from a nonsubjective perspective. However, fish that have potentially trichromatic (3 distinct cone photoreceptors) visual systems with ultraviolet sensitivity had a much better capacity to discriminate between models and mimics compared with fish with midrange sensitivity or dichromatic (2 cone photoreceptors) fish. The spectral reflectance of color patches reflected by models and mimics became more similar with an increase in depth, indicating that signal receivers may be more likely to distinguish mimics from models in habitats located closer to the surface. There was no such change in luminance contrast with depth. The selection pressure on mimics to accurately resemble their model is therefore predicted to vary depending on the visual system of the signal receiver and the light environment. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
An Anti-inflammatory Function for the Complement Anaphylatoxin C5a-binding Protein, C5L2*

C5L2 is an enigmatic serpentine receptor that is co-expressed with the C5a receptor on many cells including polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The apparent absence of coupling of C5L2 with G proteins suggests that this receptor may modulate the biological activity of C5a, perhaps by acting as a decoy receptor. Alternatively, C5L2 may affect C5a function through formation of a heteromeric complex with the C5aR, or it may utilize a G protein-independent signaling pathway. Here we show that in mice bearing a targeted deletion of C5L2, the biological activity of C5a/C5adesArg is enhanced both in vivo and in vitro. The biological role of C5L2 thus appears to be limiting to the pro-inflammatory response to the anaphylatoxin. Accordingly, up-regulation of C5L2 may be of benefit in inflammatory states driven by C5a, including sepsis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive lung disease.
SVMs for the temporal expression chunking problem

This technical report provides a description of the Temporal Expression Chunking problem, which consists in finding the mentions of temporal expressions in free text documents, and reports on the results obtained using SVM classifiers to tackle this task. We first define the task in detail, then present a brief survey of relevant literature, state our approach and finally present the results of several experiments. These include a comparison of the correct recognition rate achieved using different polynomial kernel degrees, sets of features, and sizes of the context window. We use 5-fold cross-validation on the ACE 2005 corpus for training and for testing.
Bacterial SLH domain proteins are non‐covalently anchored to the cell surface via a conserved mechanism involving wall polysaccharide pyruvylation

Several bacterial proteins are non‐covalently anchored to the cell surface via an S‐layer homology (SLH) domain. Previous studies have suggested that this cell surface display mechanism involves a non‐covalent interaction between the SLH domain and peptidoglycan‐associated polymers. Here we report the characterization of a two‐gene operon, csaAB, for cell surface anchoring, in Bacillus anthracis. Its distal open reading frame (csaB) is required for the retention of SLH‐containing proteins on the cell wall. Biochemical analysis of cell wall components showed that CsaB was involved in the addition of a pyruvyl group to a peptidoglycan‐associated polysaccharide fraction, and that this modification was necessary for binding of the SLH domain. The csaAB operon is present in several bacterial species that synthesize SLH‐containing proteins. This observation and the presence of pyruvate in the cell wall of the corresponding bacteria suggest that the mechanism described in this study is widespread among bacteria.
Polymorphisms in the Prothrombin Gene and their Association with Plasma Prothrombin Levels

Summary To find genetic causes of high plasma prothrombin levels, an established prothrombotic risk factor, we searched for sequence variations in the prothrombin gene. We selected subjects with the 20210-GG genotype (since the 20210-A allele is already known to be associated with high levels) and elevated prothrombin levels (≥ 130 U/dl) from the Leiden Thrombophilia Study (LETS). No mutations were found in the 1 kb promoter region of the prothrombin gene in seven individuals with an isolated high prothrombin level. Comparison of the allelic frequencies of four different polymorphisms in the prothrombin gene in healthy volunteers and in the control subjects among the selected LETS individuals indicated a higher frequency of the 19911-G allele in the latter group (allele frequency 52 vs. 78%, respectively). Homozygous carriers of the 19911-G allele had 8 U/dl higher plasma prothrombin levels than 19911-AA carriers. This difference in prothrombin levels did not affect the thrombotic risk in 20210-GG carriers. In heterozygous 20210-A carriers the odds ratio increased from 1.6 (95% CI: 0.6-4.3) in subjects with 19911-A to 4.7 (1.6-14.0) in subjects with 19911-G on the other prothrombin allele.
Risk factors for abdominal bleeding after living-donor liver transplant.

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence, outcomes, and risk factors of postoperative abdominal bleeding after living-donor liver transplant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult patients who had living-donor liver transplant between 2001 and 2013 were evaluated. Preoperative and intraoperative variables of transplant recipients were analyzed retrospectively with univariate analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent factors for postoperative bleeding. RESULTS There were 241 living-donor liver transplant recipients included in the study. Postoperative abdominal bleeding was observed in 12 recipients (5%). The 3-month cumulative survival was significantly lower in recipients who had postoperative bleeding (survival, 8 patients [67%]) than recipients who did not have postoperative bleeding (survival, 204 patients [89%]; P = .009). Univariate analysis showed that preoperative albumin level, Child-Pugh class, and intraoperative blood loss were risk factors for postoperative bleeding. In multivariate analysis, intraoperative blood loss and Child-Pugh status were significant risk factors for postoperative bleeding. CONCLUSIONS Living-donor liver transplant recipients who had postoperative bleeding had a poor outcome. Postoperative bleeding was associated with higher intraoperative blood loss and Child-Pugh class.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Ptychodiscus noctiluca revealed the polyphyletic nature of the order Ptychodiscales (Dinophyceae)

The planktonic dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus noctiluca combined distinctive morphological features such as a disk‐shaped anteroposteriorly compressed cell body and an apical carina, together with a flexible and tough cell covering, suggesting intermediate characteristics between thecate and naked dinoflagellates. Ptychodiscus noctiluca was examined by light, epifluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy from specimens collected in the Mediterranean Sea and the North and South Atlantic Ocean. Ptychodiscus noctiluca showed a straight apical groove that bisected the carina, a cell covering with a polygonal surface reticulum, nucleus without capsule, sulcal intrusion in the episome, sulcal ventral flange, and yellowish‐green chloroplasts that are shared characters with Brachidinium/Karenia. The cell division was the typical binary fission of gymnodinioid dinoflagellates, although exceptionally in an oblique transversal axis. We examined the intraspecific variability during incubation experiments. In the fattened cells, termed as Ptychodiscus carinatus, chloroplasts transformed into dark granules, and the cell acquired the swollen and smaller stage, termed as P. inflatus. Ptychodiscus carinatus, P. inflatus, and Diplocystis antarctica are synonyms of P. noctiluca. Molecular phylogeny based on the SSU rDNA sequence revealed that Ptychodiscus branched within the short‐branching dinokaryotic dinoflagellates as an independent lineage with affinity to Brachidinium/Karenia and Karlodinium/Takayama in a generally poorly resolved clade. Our results indicated that the order Ptychodiscales, established for unarmored dinoflagellates with a strongly developed pellicle, has artificially grouped thecate dinoflagellates (Kolkwitziella, Herdmania), naked dinoflagellates with thick cell covering (Balechina, Cucumeridinium) and other insufficiently known unarmored genera with typical cell coverings (Brachidinium, Ceratoperidinium).
Prevalence and correlates of overweight status among Saudi school children

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There are limited data on changes in the prevalence of overweight among the Saudi school children and on associated risk factors. We compared recent prevalence data (2012) with early data (1994–98) and assessed risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING Data from a cross-sectional study of children in primary schools in two cities in Al-Qassim province. PATIENTS AND METHODS Parental questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic data and information on the child’s diet/exercise behavior. Children’s weight and height were measured. Current and previous data on overweight prevalence were compared and risk factors were assessed in a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS The sample consisted of 874 randomly chosen school children, aged 6–10 years; analysis was based on 601 with complete data. Current overweight prevalence was 16.9% and was higher in girls than in boys (29.7% vs. 11.7%, P value <.0001). Prevalence has risen in the last 15 years (overall: 16.9% vs. 10.1%; boys: 11.7% vs. 8.5%; girls: 29.7% vs. 11.5%; all P values <.05). Those who ate restaurant food ≥2 times/week were 2.4 times more likely (95% CI=1.26, 4.64) to be overweight and those who engaged in sports ≥2 hours/day were 0.5 times less likely to be overweight (95% CI=0.25, 1.20). CONCLUSION The overweight prevalence in primary school children in Saudi Arabia has risen significantly. The focus should be on developing obesity prevention programs for this population.
Le contrôle des lésions respiratoires du porc à l'abattoir : Intérêt dans le suivi d'élevage et mise en oeuvre pratique

Les objectifs des controles a l'abattoir sont multiples: a l'echelle de l'elevage, ils permettent de detecter ou de confirmer une pathologie tout en orientant le diagnostic. Au niveau d'un groupe d'elevages, ils sont de bons indicateurs de l'etat de sante des elevages. Ils peuvent aussi etre utilises dans le cadre experimental. La fiabilite des resultats obtenus est conditionnee par la qualite des observations effectuees mais aussi par la pertinence du plan de controle. Il s'avere donc important d'utiliser des methodes de notation standardisees et de tenir compte du plan d'echantillonnage dans l'interpretation des resultats.
Mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the sliteye shark Loxodon macrorhinus

Abstract The sliteye shark Loxodon macrorhinus is the only member of the genus Loxodon in the family Carcharhinidae. In this study, we first present the complete mitochondrial genome of L. macrorhinus and determine its phylogenetic position within Carcharhinidae based on relative mitogenomes. The mitochondrial genome was 16 702 bp in length with the typical gene order in vertebrates. The overall base composition of the H-strand was 31.7% A, 25.8% C, 13.1% G, and 29.4% T. Two start codons (ATG and GTG) and three stop codons (TAG, AGG, and TAA/T) were found in the protein-coding genes. The tRNA genes ranged from 67 bp to 75 bp. Loxodon macrorhinus was placed as sister to the genus Scoliodon in the Bayesian tree.
Unit activity in vestibular nucleus of the alert monkey during horizontal angular acceleration and eye movement.

Single units were recorded from the vestibular nuclei of unanesthetized monkeys that were rotated in the horizontal plane while simultaneously pressing individual buttons in a controlled array which turned with hem. Using this behavioral paradigm, it was possible to 1) determine the relationship of unit discharge to eye movements measured by the DC-coupled electrooculogram and calibrated by the button-press task, and 2) determine the relationship of unit discharge to horizontal acceleration, either with or without the compensatory eye movements evoked by vestibular stimulation. Based on their responses during vestibular stimulation and/or eye movements, neurons in the vestibular nuclei (77% of our sample was in the medial nucleus) could be divided into four groups.
BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS NOTE

Motivation: We developed a technique and a tool for degenerate primer design based on multiple local alignments employing the MEME algorithm supported with electronic PCR. The objective is to ﬁnd adequate primers starting from sequences with poor global similarity. We show an example of its application in our laboratory to ﬁnd sequences in Brachiaria with similarity to ESTs related to apomixis.
Combined Beamforming with Orthogonal Space Time Block Code for MIMO-OFDM with Simple Feedback

In this paper, we introduce a proposed scheme to enhance the performance of orthogonal space time block code (OSTBC) with four time slots and two antennas by combing OSTBC with random beamforming to can use it in the downlink transmission for a mobile system. Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) system has been recognized as one of the most promising techniques to achieve a good service and increase data rate in the next generation (4&5G) broadband wireless communications. So, we apply Space time block code (STBC) for MIMO-OFDM system with linear decoding. Also, we perform STBC with beamforming for MIMO-OFDM system to improve the performance of a system. Simulation results show that the beamforming improves bit error rate (BER) performance of OSTBC and STBC-OFDM for different types of modulation and diversity.
The space–time clustering of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in Bangladesh

SUMMARY Bangladesh faced two epidemic waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in two consecutive years. The peaks of the waves were observed in February–July 2007 and January–April 2008, respectively. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of the 293 outbreaks in 143 subdistricts in 2007 and 2008. Global clustering assessed by K-function was seen at distances 150–300 km between subdistricts. Significant local clusters were detected by space–time scan statistics. In both waves, significant primary clusters of HPAI outbreaks were identified in the central part of the country dominated by commercial production systems and in the northwestern part primarily in backyard production systems. Secondary clusters varied from the northwestern part in 2007 and the southern part in 2008. The findings are highly relevant for the successful planning and implementation of control, prevention and surveillance strategies by highlighting areas where detailed investigations should be initiated.
Modeling of MOSFETs parameters and volt-ampere characteristics in a wide temperature range for low noise amplifiers design

The temperature dependencies of the basic parameters of MOSFETs in a temperature range 20 - 300 K are measured. The universal formal four-parametric model, which allows to approximate all experimental temperature dependencies with the relative error less than 1% is proposed. The hybrid analytical model efficiency for approximation of volt-ampere characteristics of MOSFETs is proved.
Your Click Knows It: Predicting User Purchase through Improved User-Item Pairwise Relationship

Understanding users' behavior and predicting their future purchase are critical for e-commerce companies to boost their revenue. While explicit user feedback such as ratings plays the most significant role in eliciting users' preferences, such feedback is scarce, which prompts the need for leveraging more abundant implicit user feedback such as purchase record. Consequently, recent studies focused on leveraging users' past purchase record to predict their purchase. However, their performance is not satisfactory due to 1) the lack of purchase history of users, and 2) more importantly the ill-posed assumption of non-purchased items equally being considered as negative feedback. In this paper, we define new pairwise relationships among items aiming at overcoming the limitations of existing works, and propose a novel method called P3S that stands for modeling pairwise relationships among three disjoint item sets, which leverages users' click record in conjunction with their purchase record. Precisely, we partition the items into three disjoint sets based on users' purchase and click record, define new pairwise relationships among them with respect to users, and reflect these relationships into our pairwise learning-to-rank method. Experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in the task of predicting users' future purchase in e-commerce.
Sporadic MERRF/MELAS overlap syndrome associated with the 3243 tRNALeu(UUR) mutation of mitochondrial DNA

We studied a patient with a mitochondrial encephalomyopathy characterized by the presence of all the cardinal features of both myoclonic epilepsy and ragged‐red fibers (MERRF) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) syndromes. Muscle biopsy showed ragged‐red fibers (RRF). Some RRF were cytochrome c oxidase (COX)‐negative, while some others stained positive for COX. Muscle biochemistry revealed defects of complexes I and IV of the respiratory chain. Both muscle and blood mitochondrial DNA from the patient showed the presence of the mutation at nucleotide position 3243 in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene and the absence of point mutations related to MERRF syndrome. The proportions of mutant mtDNA were 70% in muscle and 30% in blood. The mutation was absent in blood from all maternal relatives, in hair follicles from the mother, and in muscle from one sister of the proband. Therefore, there was no evidence of maternal inheritance. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.