Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pixel-Wise Object Segmentations for the VOT 2016 Dataset

The technical report describes the acquisition methodology of pixel-wise annotation of objects of interest in the 60 video sequences of the VOT2016 dataset 1 and the automatic estimation of rotated bounding boxes obtained from the object segmentations that were used in the VOT2016 challenge evaluation. This technical report is published to accompany the segmentation data and it must be cited whenever the segmentations are used. The code for the estimation of the bounding boxes is publicly available. 1 Acquisition of Pixel-Wise Segmentations The acquisition of the segmentation was out-sourced to the Eyedea 2 company which is experienced in data annotation. The annotation was performed by multiple people using an interactive semi-automatic annotation tool written by T. Vojir 3. The tool run Grabcut [3] object segmentation in each frame initialized using the information from the VOT2015 ground truth bounding box and the segmentation mask propagated from the previous frame using optic flow. The user can interactively mark additional foreground or background pixels to improve the segmentation. Examples of the object segmentations are shown in Fig. 1. To assess the segmentation quality, a visual inspection step was incorporated in the annotation process. In the step, a quality inspection view is generated, visualising a ”sure” background mask – inverse of a dilation of the segmentation mask, and a ”sure” foreground mask – an erosion of the segmentation mask. The only guideline for annotators on the annotation quality was formulated as follows: the ”sure” background mask must not contain 1http://www.votchallenge. net/vot2016/dataset.html 2http://www.eyedea. cz/ 3https://github.com/vojirt/grabcut annotation tool 1 Figure 1: Examples of object segmentations. object pixels and the ”sure” foreground mask must not contain any background pixels. This formulation allows for a small degree of error on the object boundary. The quality inspection view is shown in Fig. 2. Since the resolutions of the video sequences of the VOT2016 dataset [2] were roughly the same, the kernel size for the morphological operations was fixed and set to (9, 9) pixels. Figure 2: The visual test for the inspection of a segmentation quality. Left – the ground truth bbox used for the segmentation initialization and currently segmented pixels (highlighted and also masked in the right image), middle – the quality inspection, i.e. the background mask (red) that have to be fully outside the object and the foreground mask (green) that has to be inside the object. Segmentation quality differences are caused mainly by carefulness of the particular annotators. Also, some object do not have clearly defined boundaries, e.g. it is not clear where a hand ends and forearm starts.
The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): fast increase in the fraction of strong Lyman-α emitters from z = 2 to z = 6

Aims. The aim of this work is to constrain the evolution of the fraction of strong Ly alpha emitters among UV selected star-forming galaxies at 2 \textless z \textless 6, and to measure the stellar escape fraction of Ly alpha photons over the same redshift range. Methods. We exploit the ultradeep spectroscopic observations with VIMOS on the VLT collected by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS) to build an unique, complete, and unbiased sample of similar to 4000 spectroscopically confirmed star-forming galaxies at 2 \textless z \textless 6. Our galaxy sample includes UV luminosities brighter than M-FUV* at 2 \textless z \textless 6, and luminosities down to one magnitude fainter than M-FUV* at 2 \textless z \textless 3.5. Results. We find that 80% of the star-forming galaxies in our sample have EW0(Ly alpha) \textless 10 angstrom, and correspondingly f(esc)(Ly alpha) \textless 1%. By comparing these results with the literature, we conclude that the bulk of the Ly alpha luminosity at 2 \textless z \textless 6 comes from galaxies that are fainter in the UV than those we sample in this work. The strong Ly alpha emitters constitute, at each redshift, the tail of the distribution of the galaxies with extreme EW0(Ly alpha) and f(esc)(Ly alpha). This tail of large EW0(Ly alpha) and f(esc)(Ly alpha) becomes more important as the redshift increases, and causes the fraction of strong Ly alpha with EW0(Ly alpha) \textgreater 25 angstrom to increase from similar to 5% at z similar to 2 to similar to 30% at z similar to 6, with the increase being stronger beyond z similar to 4. We observe no difference, for the narrow range of UV luninosities explored in this work, between the fraction of strong Ly alpha emitters among galaxies fainter or brighter than M-FUV*, although the fraction for the faint galaxies evolves faster, at 2 \textless z \textless 3.5, than for the bright ones. We do observe an anticorrelation between E(B - V) and f(esc)(Ly alpha): generally galaxies with high f(esc)(Ly alpha) also have small amounts of dust (and vice versa). However, when the dust content is low (E(B - V) \textless 0.05) We observe a very broad range of f(esc)(Ly alpha), ranging from 10(-3) to 1. This implies that the dust alone is not the only regulator of the amount of escaping Ly alpha photons.
A Comparative Analysis of PCR-Based Detection Methods for Avian Malaria

Here, 4 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays are compared to test for the presence of avian malaria, including both the Plasmodium and Haemoproteus genera, in 29 different species of African rainforest birds. Two of these PCR assays use primer sets that amplify fragments of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of Plasmodium; the other 2 target the 18S ribosomal subunit gene. These PCR assays were performed using genomic DNA extracted from blood and subsequently compared with the results obtained by microscopic examination of blood smears taken from the same individuals. The 2 primer sets amplifying the cyt b gene were found to perform more reliably than those that target the 18S rRNA gene and yielded a substantial number of positive samples that were undetected by blood smear analysis. Of all the individuals screened by PCR, 40% tested positive for avian malaria, whereas 27% tested positive by blood smear analysis. Although sequence variation in the parasites may prohibit the specific alignment of primers and the subsequent PCR amplification of some individuals, PCR, once optimized, is faster, cheaper, and more reliable than blood smear analysis for large-scale screening.
Light source design using hollow core photonic crystal fibers

Comparing optical properties of hollow core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), Kagome-lattice hollow core PCF is used to design supercontinuum (SC) light sources for optical coherence tomography systems. By filling high pressure xenon (Xe) through the hollow core of Kagome-lattice PCF, nonlinearity has been increased considerably. Using finite element method with perfectly matched layer, SC spectra at 1.0 and 1.31 μm in normal chromatic dispersion region have been generated using picosecond optical pulses produced from relatively less expensive laser sources.
The linear interaction energy method for the prediction of protein stability changes upon mutation

The coupling of protein energetics and sequence changes is a critical aspect of computational protein design, as well as for the understanding of protein evolution, human disease, and drug resistance. To study the molecular basis for this coupling, computational tools must be sufficiently accurate and computationally inexpensive enough to handle large amounts of sequence data. We have developed a computational approach based on the linear interaction energy (LIE) approximation to predict the changes in the free‐energy of the native state induced by a single mutation. This approach was applied to a set of 822 mutations in 10 proteins which resulted in an average unsigned error of 0.82 kcal/mol and a correlation coefficient of 0.72 between the calculated and experimental ΔΔG values. The method is able to accurately identify destabilizing hot spot mutations; however, it has difficulty in distinguishing between stabilizing and destabilizing mutations because of the distribution of stability changes for the set of mutations used to parameterize the model. In addition, the model also performs quite well in initial tests on a small set of double mutations. On the basis of these promising results, we can begin to examine the relationship between protein stability and fitness, correlated mutations, and drug resistance. Proteins 2012; © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of Outlet Velocity of Air Curtain on Effectiveness of Dust-Isolating

The outlet air velocity of air curtain is one of the key factors which have effect on its dust-isolating efficiency. In this paper, the effect of the outlet air velocity of air curtain on dust isolation had been numerically investigated by using a CFD software, Fluent. A prototype of dust-isolating air curtain have been successfully applied in a full-mechanized working face of Gequan coal mine, Hebei Jinniu Energy & Resources Co, LTD. The air curtain prototype has been simulated with the conditions measured from the field. The variations of the flow field and the dust concentrations in two sides of air curtain with the outlet velocity of air curtain have been numerically analyzed for a given outlet width of air curtain. It is shown that the air curtain has the best dust-isolating efficiency when the outlet air velocity of air curtain is around 5 to 6m/s for an outlet width of 20mm and a air velocity of work face of 1m/s.
Using Multibaseline InSAR to Recover Layovered Terrain Considering Wideband Array Problem

This letter deals with the problems of retrieving height and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) reflectivity of layovered terrain using multibaseline SAR interferometry (InSAR). In particular, we focus on the wideband array problem caused by practically large InSAR arrays and high-resolution SAR images, i.e., the problem of signal envelope misalignment, which is neglected in the work by Gini We propose two methods to eliminate or mitigate the effect of envelope misalignment, one called the aligning method and the other called the joint range cell processing method. In the aligning method, we align each signal envelope for each searched height of the layovered components (i.e., ground resolution cells with different altitudes) during searching procedure. The joint range cell processing method jointly processes the neighboring cells in range to estimate the parameters of layovered components so that the effect of the envelope misalignment can be mitigated. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation results show that both methods have the ability to provide accurate estimation of the heights and radar reflectivities of multiple layovered resolution cells in the presence of large envelope misalignments.
Position Effects Are Influenced by the Orientation of a Transgene with Respect to Flanking Chromatin

ABSTRACT We have inserted two expression cassettes at tagged reference chromosomal sites by using recombinase-mediated cassette exchange in mammalian cells. The three sites of integration displayed either stable or silencing position effects that were dominant over the different enhancers present in the cassettes. These position effects were strongly dependent on the orientation of the construct within the locus, with one orientation being permissive for expression and the other being nonpermissive. Orientation-specific silencing, which was observed at two of the three site tested, was associated with hypermethylation but not with changes in chromatin structure, as judged by DNase I hypersensitivity assays. Using CRE recombinase, we were able to switch in vivo the orientation of the transgenes from the permissive to the nonpermissive orientation and vice versa. Switching from the permissive to the nonpermissive orientation led to silencing, but switching from the nonpermissive to the permissive orientation did not lead to reactivation of the transgene. Instead, transgene expression occurred dynamically by transcriptional oscillations, with 10 to 20% of the cells expressing at any given time. This result suggested that the cassette had been imprinted (epigenetically tagged) while it was in the nonpermissive orientation. Methylation analysis revealed that the methylation state of the inverted cassettes resembled that of silenced cassettes except that the enhancer had selectively lost some of its methylation. Sorting of the expressing and nonexpressing cell populations provided evidence that the transcriptional oscillations of the epigenetically tagged cassette are associated with changes in the methylation status of regulatory elements in the transgene. This suggests that transgene methylation is more dynamic than was previously assumed.
Role of E Box and Initiator Region in the Expression of the Rat Follicle-stimulating Hormone Receptor*

The promoter for the rat follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) gene contains a conserved consensus E box sequence and an initiator-like region (InR) sequence. Deletion analysis and transient transfections showed that a 114-base pair region (−143 to −30) that encompasses the E box and the InR was sufficient for greater than 75% of promoter function. DNase I footprint analysis showed that the E box and InR were protected by nuclear proteins from rat Sertoli cells, and the E box region was shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to be a site of Sertoli protein interactions. Mutations in the E box disrupted these interactions and reduced FSHR promoter activity. Co-transfection of the inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) with an FSHR/luciferase construct into mouse Sertoli 1 cells reduced FSHR promoter activity. Using EMSA, the upstream stimulatory factor was shown to be a component of the complexes that interacted with the E box in the FSHR promoter. Binding of proteins from rat Sertoli cells to the InR was demonstrated using EMSA. Also, an oligonucleotide that represented the sequence of the terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase InR displaced the complexes at the FSHR InR. Mutations in the InR resulted in a significant reduction of FSHR promoter activity.
Mathematical analysis of projection errors in "paralleling technique" with respect to implant geometry.

"Standardized" radiographs acquired in paralleling technique serve for monitoring of marginal bone levels around endosseous implants. Under clinical conditions, parallel adjustment of the film to the implant is beset with great difficulties. A mathematical model matching clinical conditions was developed to evaluate projection geometry within an interval of clinically relevant angulations (+/- 10 degrees from parallel position). Radiographs of two implants (Frialit 2, Friadent AG, Mannheim, Germany; Implant No. 1: 3.8 mm, length 10 mm; Implant No. 2: 6.5 mm, length 13 mm) were separately produced per angulation (2 degrees increments) at one focus-object distance (FO=322.9 mm). Implant images were repeatedly measured along their midline/vertical edge, local magnification (MF) was calculated and the values were compared to the computed ones. Projected dimensions of the implants were calculated for a second distance (232.3 mm). The experimentally acquired data were in agreement with the mathematical calculation. MF calculated for assessment along the vertical edge varied less (+/-1.94% from mean value) than along the midline (+/-2.74%), with a range of 1.037-1.068 (FO=322.9 mm) and 1.061-1.099 (FO=232.3 mm) for implant No.1, and 1.060-1.101 (FO=232.3 mm) and 1.037-1.069 (FO=322.9 mm) for Implant No. 2. Magnification revealed a mean variation of 4%. Radiographic evaluation of periimplant bone level should not exceed a precision of 0.5 mm, when parallelism between film and implant is not guaranteed and FO is less than 380 mm.
Identification of the ISWI chromatin remodeling complex of the early branching eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei.

Background: Eukaryotes typically encode a range of ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes with different functions. Results: We have identified and analyzed three novel ISWI partners in the early branching eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei . Conclusion: T. brucei appears to have a single major ISWI complex. Significance: This unusually simple ISWI configuration could be a consequence of the relative lack of transcriptional regulation in this ancient eukaryote.
Reconnaissance de courriers manuscrits par HMM contextuels et modèle de langage

Cet article decrit une approche globale de reconnaissance de lignes manuscrites, presentee par les auteurs lors de la competition ICDAR 2011 sur la reconnaissance de courriers en francais. L’interet de l’approche proposee est qu’elle permet d’etendre un systeme de reconnaissance de mots isoles a base de HMM contextuels a un systeme de reconnaissance de lignes sans avoir a realiser une segmentation explicite des lignes en mots. Les auteurs presentent ainsi une solution complete, adaptee a un systeme de reconnaissance de courriers qui comprend un pretraitement original des lignes, un modele de Markov cache contextuel ainsi qu’un modele de langage optimise fonde sur des bigrammes de mots. Le pretraitement permet de reduire de 5 % le taux d’erreur au niveau mot en valeur absolue.
Automatic generation of sphere hierarchies from CAD data

A sphere hierarchy is a data structure that approximates the shape of a given object using a collection of spheres. They can be used for collision detection, motion planning and other related applications. This paper presents an algorithm for constructing an efficient sphere hierarchy from a geometric model of an object, as supplied by a CAD system or geometric modeller and it presents a branching factor analysis based on a general measure of the efficiency of a sphere hierarchy.
Study on traffic accidents prediction based on BP neural network

The article starts from factors of people, vehicles, road and environment to traffic accidents, builds the three-layer BP neural network model based on the influence factors of traffic accidents, and trains and predicts the traffic accidents of 1998–2009 years in china. The results show that the BP neural networks model used to predict the traffic accidents is precise and feasible.
Design Analysis of Staggered InGaN Quantum Wells Light-Emitting Diodes at 500–540 nm

Staggered InGaN quantum wells (QWs) are analyzed as improved active region for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 500 nm and 540 nm, respectively. The calculation of band structure is based on a self-consistent 6-band <i>k</i>middot<i>p</i> formalism taking into account the valence band mixing, strain effect, and spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations as well as the carrier screening effect. Both two-layer staggered In<i>x</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>x</i>N/In<i>y</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>y</i>N QW and three-layer staggered In<i>y</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>y</i>N/In<i>x</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>x</i>N/In<i>y</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>y</i>N QW structures are investigated as active region to enhance the spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate (<i>R</i> <sub>sp</sub>) for LEDs emitting at 500 nm and 540 nm. Analysis of the spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate (<i>R</i> <sub>sp</sub>) shows significant enhancement for both two-layer staggered InGaN QW and three-layer staggered InGaN QW, in comparison to that of the conventional In<i>z</i>Ga<sub>1-</sub> <i>z</i>N QW. The studies of the carrier lifetime indicate a significant reduction of the carrier lifetime for staggered InGaN QWs, which contribute to the enhancement of the radiative efficiency for both two-layer staggered InGaN QW and three-layer staggered InGaN QW LEDs emitting at 500 nm and 540 nm.
Convex local sensitive low rank matrix approximation

The problem of matrix approximation appears ubiquitously in recommendation systems, computer vision and text mining. The prevailing assumption is that the partially observed matrix has a low-rank or can be well approximated by a low-rank matrix. However, this assumption is strictly that the partially observed matrix is globally low rank. In this paper, we propose a local sensitive formulation of matrix approximation which relaxes the global low-rank assumption, leading to a representation of the observed matrix as a weighted sum of low-rank matrices. We solve the problem by an efficient way based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Our experiments show improvements in prediction accuracy over classical approaches for recommendation tasks.
A linear multisensor PHD filters via the measurement product space

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) is the first moment of RFS. Its integral over any region gives the expectation number of targets in that region. In the finite set statistics (FISST) framework, the PHD recursion, or PHD filter, approximate the multi-target Bayes recursion. This paper deals with the multisensor PHD filter under a linear correlation condition through multisensor product space and the measurement dimension extension (MDE) approach, which remains the similar appearance like the conventional PHD filters except the product space and some parameters in the filters. However, in the product space the dimension extended measurements may greatly increase the computational load. Therefore, we propose a fast algorithm for the linear multisensor PHD (LM-PHD) filters to increase the running speed and with cost of slightly sacrificing the tracking performance. c ©2017 All rights reserved.
Ontogeny of aquaporins 1 and 3 in ovine placenta and fetal membranes.

A sensitive and highly reproducible method has been used to show that Aquaporin 3 (AQP(3)) mRNA is present in the ovine placenta and chorion from at least 60 days of gestation (term=145-150d) with levels increasing substantially (>16 fold) at 100 days, and remaining constant thereafter. By immuno- and hybridization histochemistry, the epithelial cells expressing AQP(3)were found to be the trophoblast cells. Some AQP(3)was expressed in fibroblasts of the amnion and allantois but none was expressed in the epithelia of these membranes. AQP(1)was expressed in endothelial cells of fetal and maternal blood vessels but not in any epithelial cell of the ovine placenta and fetal membranes. The level of AQP(3)expression is consistent with known ovine placental permeabilities to water, glycerol and urea.
A charge balancing accelerometer interface with electrostatic damping

This paper presents a switched capacitor accelerometer sensor interface. Self-balancing bridge topology, which has ratiometric output, is used for signal detection. In order to damp the high quality factor of a micro-mechanical sensor element, a force-feedback with a proportional-derivative controller is combined with the open-loop topology. The controller doesn't affect the low-frequency properties of the open-loop readout. A 2nd-order single-bit Δ∑ converter is used for analog-to-digital conversion. The interface is implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS process and the area of the accelerometer chip is 6.66 mm2. The nominal supply voltage is 3.6 V and the current consumption 1 mA. The interface achieves maximum dc nonlinearity of 0.18 % with an input range of ± 1.15 g. The SNR of the interface is 91 dB with a signal bandwidth of 200 Hz.
The integrated 2W high voltage/high power 0. 12-/spl mu/m RF CMOS power amplifier

A 2W HiW power amplifier for GSM mobile communication system is designed using 0.12-μm CMOS process. To solve the problem of low breakdown voltage in deep-submicron CMOS technology, the new High Voltage/Wigh Power (HivP) device configuration is used. With HiVP configuration, a large voltage can be divided by several devices, so that the voltage drop on each device is reduced. Hence the low-cost CMOS technology can be adopted for the design of power amplifier which will he used in a mobile phone. In this paper, an analytical overview of theory and practice of the HiVP power amplifier are discussed.