Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engaging students and staff with educational development through appreciative inquiry

Appreciative inquiry (AI) offers a constructive, strengths-based framework for engaging students and staff in the enhancement of academic programmes of study. This paper explores the basis of AI, its potential for educational development and the many agendas it might help address. Students and academic staff involved in an AI project, focused on improving inclusivity across an Institute of Education, share their experiences and reveal how the approach can be used in practice. In the process, they discuss their learning from the experience and establish the power of envisioning development on the basis of hearing the positive student voice.
Interconnect estimation for FPGAs

Interconnect planning is becoming an important design issue for large field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based designs. One of the most important issues for planning interconnection is the ability to reliably predict the routing requirements of a given design. In this paper, a new methodology, called fast generic routability estimation for placed FPGA circuits (fGREP), for fast and reliable estimation of routing requirements for placed circuits on island-style FPGAs, is introduced. This method is based on newly derived detailed router characterizations that are introduced in this paper. It is observed that the router has a limited number of available routing elements to use and the number is proportional to the distance from a net's terminal. This is defined as the routing flexibility and an estimate for interconnect requirements is derived from it. This method is able to predict the distribution of interconnect requirements, with very fine granularity, across the entire device. The interconnect-distribution information is used to estimate congestion and total wirelength. Multiterminal nets are efficiently handled, without the need for net decomposition. This method is generic enough to enable its usage with any standard FPGA place-and-route design flow and for any island-style FPGA architecture. The method is also applicable to application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design flows. Experimental results on a large set of standard benchmark examples show that the estimates obtained here closely match with the detailed routing results of the state-of-the-art router PathFinder , as implemented in the well-known FPGA physical design suite VPR.
Adolescents' perceptions of their fathers' involvement: Significance to school attitudes

Based on data from 2,722 British adolescents aged 14–18 years, this study explored whether perceived father involvement can be associated with school attitudes even after controlling for perceived mother involvement. Multiple regression analysis showed that both father involvement and mother involvement contributed significantly and independently to positive school attitudes. Furthermore, the association between father involvement and school attitudes was the same for sons and daughters. We did not find evidence to support the notion that being in a non-intact family weakens the association between perceived father involvement and school attitudes. Finally, there was no evidence suggesting that the impact of perceived father involvement on school attitudes depends on the level of perceived mother involvement. © 2002, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting Adherence to Exercise-Based Therapy in Rehabilitation

Objective: to determine whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) would predict adherence to exercise-based therapy and whether perceived symptom changes during therapy would add to the prediction of adherence. Design: prospective observational study. Participants: 106 women and 44 men undertaking rehabilitation for dizziness. Method: the TPB predictors were assessed with a structured interview at baseline and at 3 months after the beginning of therapy. Symptoms provoked by the exercises were measured at baseline, at the initial therapy session, and at 1 week and 3 weeks after the beginning of therapy. Results: both pretreatment and posttreatment intentions were related to adherence. Symptom perceptions independently predicted adherence. Conclusions: the findings suggest that interventions to improve adherence could be based on the TPB, but symptom experiences during treatment also need to be taken into account in such interventions
How the FBI Has Advanced the Effectiveness of Policing and Law Enforcement in America, While Serving as the Nation's Homeland Security Agency

In America the FBI has advanced the effectiveness of policing and law enforcement, while at the same time serving as the nation's homeland security agency. The concept of culture, which is the unique configuration of norms, values and beliefs that characterise the way that people agree to do things, has played a major part in this advancement. Management has had a great influence on how the FBI has become more effective. Early theories of organisations say that the proper way to manage is through control mechanisms. In the early 1800s, policing was the task that provided basic public safety services. The idea of dedicating human and financial resources to catching criminals can be traced back to Roman times. From these roots, the FBI has evolved and had tremendous success in crime fighting. Many of the FBI's efforts have been concentrated on fighting domestic terrorism; however, the FBI has had successes in a wide range of law enforcement tasks, from handling bank robberies to dealing with plots to overthrow the government.
SPAM: secure protocol for authentication in mobile-communications

The paper presents a secure protocol for authentication in mobile-communications. We analyse some existing works with their weaknesses. In our protocol we use a simple blinding-binding technique for users secret keys generation such that the base-station authentication center never comes to know users secret keys. Our protocol not only overcomes the weakness of existing works but also avoids the need of certificate management, secure channel and satisfies necessary security properties of wireless communications.
The urban health “advantage”

Cities represent the dominant mode of living in the developed world and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades, particularly in the developing world. According to United Nations 2000 forecasts, about half of the world’s population is urban and by the year 2030 nearly two thirds of the world’s population will live in urban areas. About 75% of the US population lives in urban areas; according to the Office of Management and Budget, 90% live in more broadly defined metropolitan statistical areas (MSA). The National Center for Health Statistics, using a newer measure of urbanization, based on proximity to urban centers, finds that the proportion of persons living in MSA central city, MSA noncentral city, non-MSA adjacent, and non-MSA nonadjacent are approximately 29.5%, 48.3%, 12.1%, and 10.1% of the US population, respectively. Health and disease in urban populations have been the subject of much popular and scientific literature. The historical perspective of cities is that their size and density, coupled with a pace of growth through immigration and commerce that outstrips resources, all result in exposures that produce excess morbidity and mortality. More recently in the United States, many cities have had a migration of the middle class to suburbs amidst a decaying infrastructure and reduced services in inner cities that results in a worse response to health issues for the remaining population in these areas of concentrated disadvantage. Considering these demographic shifts, the inner cities and, more recently, the suburbs have become the focus of attention for the study of and interventions on health risks. The dominant conception of urban health in the existing literature is concerned primarily with the “urban health penalty. ” This approach posits that cities concentrate poor people and expose residents to unhealthy environments leading to a disproportionate burden of poor health, especially in what some have called “inner cities. ” In the past 50 years, the departure of the middle class and jobs to the surrounding suburbs in the United States as well as other developed countries has led to intense urban poverty and increased racial segregation leaving cities with diminished capacity to meet the needs of increasingly impoverished populations. By the late 20th century, United States and some European cities had higher rates,
HOW DOES SAD MOOD AFFECT RESPONSES TO UNFAIRNESS IN SOCIAL ECONOMIC DECISIONS? A NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION

Empirical evidence suggests that complex cognitive processes such as decisionmaking can be influenced by incidental affect (i.e. emotional states unrelated to the decision), which may have importance implications for furthering our understanding and treatment of mood disorders. Following up on previous behavioral findings suggesting that sad mood leads to biases in social decision-making, the present research first investigated how such biases are implemented in the brain. Nineteen adult participants made decisions that involved accepting or rejecting monetary offers from others in an Ultimatum Game (a well known economic task), while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Prior to each set of decisions, participants watched a short video clip aimed at inducing either sadness or a neutral emotional state. Results indicated that sad participants rejected more “unfair” offers than those in the neutral condition, thereby replicating our previous findings. Neuroimaging analyses revealed that receiving unfair offers while in a sad mood elicited activity in brain areas related to aversive emotional states and somatosensory integration (anterior insula) and to cognitive conflict (anterior cingulate cortex). Sad participants also showed a diminished sensitivity in neural regions associated with reward processing (ventral striatum). Importantly, insular activation uniquely mediated the relationship between sadness and decision bias, demonstrating how subtle mood states can be integrated at the neural level to bias decision-making.
Hox in motion: tracking HoxA cluster conformation during differentiation

Three-dimensional genome organization is an important higher order transcription regulation mechanism that can be studied with the chromosome conformation capture techniques. Here, we combined chromatin organization analysis by chromosome conformation capture-carbon copy, computational modeling and epigenomics to achieve the first integrated view, through time, of a connection between chromatin state and its architecture. We used this approach to examine the chromatin dynamics of the HoxA cluster in a human myeloid leukemia cell line at various stages of differentiation. We found that cellular differentiation involves a transient activation of the 5′-end HoxA genes coinciding with a loss of contacts throughout the cluster, and by specific silencing at the 3′-end with H3K27 methylation. The 3D modeling of the data revealed an extensive reorganization of the cluster between the two previously reported topologically associated domains in differentiated cells. Our results support a model whereby silencing by polycomb group proteins and reconfiguration of CTCF interactions at a topologically associated domain boundary participate in changing the HoxA cluster topology, which compartmentalizes the genes following differentiation.
A Set Intersection Algorithm Via x-Fast Trie

This paper proposes a simple intersection algorithm for two sorted integer sequences . Our algorithm is designed based on x-fast trie since it provides efficient find and successor operators. We present that our algorithm outperforms skip list based algorithm when one of the sets to be intersected is relatively 'dense' while the other one is (relatively) 'sparse'. Finally, we propose some possible approaches which may optimize our algorithm further.
Which Siblings of Children with Cancer Benefit Most from Support Groups?

This study asks which siblings of children with cancer (SCC) benefit most from a group intervention specifically designed for them. One hundred and eleven SCC (aged 8–17) participated in eight weekly, two-hour, manualized group sessions. Changes in anxiety and depression symptoms were used as outcome measures. Anxiety and depression scores improved more for siblings who were initially most depressed and, thus, considered “less resilient” (p < 0.0001). Within this group, males improved more than females, and siblings of children with brain tumors improved less than SCC with other cancers, (p = 0.05), with female siblings of children with brain tumors improving the least (p = 0.0397).
Organizing Hazards, Engineering Disasters?: Improving the Recognition of Political-Economic Factors in the Creation of Disasters

Disaster studies have made important progress in recognizing the unequally distributed consequences of disasters, but there has been less progress in analyzing social factors that help create "natural" disasters. Even well-known patterns of hazard-creation tend to be interpreted generically – as representing "economic development" or "capitalism" – rather than through focusing on the more specific dynamics involved. We illustrate this point with two recent and well-known cases of flooding – those in the upper Mississippi River Valley and in the Katrina-related devastation of New Orleans. In the former case, damage was caused in part by building the very kinds of higher and stronger floodwalls that were shown to be inadequate in the latter. In the New Orleans case, a more important factor in the death and destruction was the excavation of a transportation canal. In both cases, and many more, the underlying causes of damage to humans as well as to the environment has involved a three-part pattern, supported by the political system – spreading the costs, concentrating the economic benefits and hiding the real risks. In very real senses, these have been floods of folly, created not just by extreme weather events, but by deadly and avoidable patterns of political-economic choices. Comparable patterns appear to deserve greater attention in other contexts, as well.
GALAXY STELLAR MASS ASSEMBLY BETWEEN 0.2 < z < 2 FROM THE S-COSMOS SURVEY

We follow the galaxy stellar mass assembly by morphological and spectral type in the COSMOS 2 deg2 field. We derive the stellar mass functions and stellar mass densities from z = 2 to z = 0.2 using 196,000 galaxies selected at F3.6 μm > 1 μJy with accurate photometric redshifts ( at i+ < 22.5). Using a spectral classification, we find that z ∼ 1 is an epoch of transition in the stellar mass assembly of quiescent galaxies. Their stellar mass density increases by 1.1 dex between z = 1.5–2 and z = 0.8–1 (Δt ∼ 2.5 Gyr), but only by 0.3 dex between z = 0.8–1 and z ∼ 0.1 (Δt ∼ 6 Gyr). Then, we add the morphological information and find that 80%–90% of the massive quiescent galaxies have an elliptical morphology at z < 0.8. Therefore, a dominant mechanism links the shutdown of star formation and the acquisition of an elliptical morphology in massive galaxies. Still, a significant fraction of quiescent galaxies present a Spi/Irr morphology at low mass (40%–60% at ), but this fraction is smaller than predicted by semi-analytical models using a “halo quenching” recipe. We also analyze the evolution of star-forming galaxies and split them into “intermediate activity” and “high activity” galaxies. We find that the most massive “high activity” galaxies end their high star formation rate phase first. Finally, the space density of massive star-forming galaxies becomes lower than the space density of massive elliptical galaxies at z < 1. As a consequence, the rate of “wet mergers” involved in the formation of the most massive ellipticals must decline very rapidly at z < 1, which could explain the observed slow down in the assembly of these quiescent and massive sources.
Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches

Chapter 1. Anthropology and the Social Sciences Chapter 2. The Foundations of Social Research Chapter 3. Preparing for Research Chapter 4. Research Design: Experiments and Experimental Thinking Chapter 5. Sampling I: The Basics Chapter 6. Sampling II: Theory Chapter 7. Sampling III: Nonprobability Samples and Choosing Informants Chapter 8. Interviewing I: Unstructured and Semistructured Chapter 9. Interviewing II: Questionnaires Chapter 10. Interviewing III: Cultural Domains Chapter 11. Scales and Scaling Chapter 12. Participant Observation Chapter 13. Field Notes and Database Management Chapter 14. Direct and Indirect Observation Chapter 15. Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis Chapter 16. Cognitive Anthropology I: Analyzing Cultural Domains Chapter 17. Cognitive Anthropology II: Decision Modeling, Taxonomies, and Componential Analysis Chapter 18. Text Analysis I: Interpretive Analysis, Narrative Analysis, Performance Analysis, and Conversation Analysis Chapter 19. Text Analysis II: Schema Analysis, Grounded Theory, Content Analysis, and Analytic Induction Chapter 20. Univariate Analysis Chapter 21. Bivariate Analysis Chapter 22. Multivariate Analysis
Estimating water erosion and sediment yield with GIS, RUSLE, and SEDD

A comprehensive methodology that integrates erosion models, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and a sediment delivery concept for estimating water erosion and sediment delivery at the watershed scale was presented. The method was applied to a typical agricultural watershed in the state of Idaho, which is subject to increasing soil erosion and flooding problems. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to assess mean annual water erosion. The Sediment Delivery Distributed (SEDD) model was adapted to determine sediment transport to perennial streams. The spatial pattern of annual soil erosion and sediment yield was obtained by integrating RUSLE, SEDD, and a raster GIS (ArcView). Required GIS data layers included precipitation, soil characteristics, elevation, and land use. Current cropping and management practices and selected, feasible, future management practices were evaluated to determine their effects on average annual soil loss. Substantial reduction in water erosion can be achieved when future conservation support practices are applied. The integrated approach allows for relatively easy, fast, and cost-effective estimation of spatially distributed soil erosion and sediment delivery. It thus provides a useful and efficient tool for predicting long-term water erosion potential and assessing erosion impacts of various cropping systems and conservation support practices.
Superresolution techniques in the range domain

The continuation of an investigation in which high-resolution optimal estimation, techniques are applied to the radar imaging problem area is described. A primary objective of the author's previous study (see IEEE National Radar Conference Digest, p.48, 1989) was to show that one could obtain either higher-resolution images from the same data samples or equal-quality images from significantly fewer data samples. The investigation is extended into the range domain and the Doppler domain, and three-dimensional superresolution images in both range and Doppler have been processed from simulation model radar data. The achievement of superresolution in the range domain is the primary subject addressed. <<ETX>>
Multiple Exciton Generation in Colloidal Nanocrystals

In a conventional solar cell, the energy of an absorbed photon in excess of the band gap is rapidly lost as heat, and this is one of the main reasons that the theoretical efficiency is limited to ~33%. However, an alternative process, multiple exciton generation (MEG), can occur in colloidal quantum dots. Here, some or all of the excess energy is instead used to promote one or more additional electrons to the conduction band, potentially increasing the photocurrent of a solar cell and thereby its output efficiency. This review will describe the development of this field over the decade since the first experimental demonstration of multiple exciton generation, including the controversies over experimental artefacts, comparison with similar effects in bulk materials, and the underlying mechanisms. We will also describe the current state-of-the-art and outline promising directions for further development.
Adolescent Mothers' Perceptions of their Work Lives in the Future

Adolescent parents 'decisions about work are related to other critical life decisions about marriage, education, economic self-sufficiency, and interpersonal relationships. Such decisions may be based on a particular view of what life will be like in the future. This study explored how 179 adolescents who were mothers and 214 adolescents who were not mothers changed in their perceptions of their workfutures over a three-month period of time. The mothers assessed the likelihood of particular events occurring in their work lives at the fourth month and again at the seventh month after the delivery of their babies. Both the dimensionality and perceived likelihood of events occurring in their future work lives remained more stable for the parents than for the nonparents.
Ego mechanisms of defense are associated with patients’ preference of treatment modality independent of psychological distress in end-stage renal disease

Several parameters mediate the selection of treatment modality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The nephrology community suggests that patient preference should be the prime determinant of modality choice. We aimed to test whether ego mechanisms of defense are associated with patients’ treatment modality preferences, independent of psychological distress. In 58 eligible ESRD patients who had themselves chosen their treatment modality, we administered the Symptom Distress Checklist-90-R and the Defense Style Questionnaire. Thirty-seven patients (53.4%) had chosen hemodialysis and 21 (46.6%) peritoneal dialysis. Patients who preferred peritoneal dialysis were younger (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.804–0.988), had received more education (OR, 8.84; 95% CI: 1.301–60.161), and were twice as likely to adopt an adaptive defense style as compared to patients who preferred hemodialysis (57.1% vs 27.0%, respectively; P < 0.033). On the contrary, the latter were more likely to adopt an image-distorting defense style (35.1% vs 14.3%; P = 0.038) and passive–aggressive defenses (OR, 0.73: 95% CI: 0.504–1.006). These results were independent of psychological distress. Our findings indicate that the patient’s personality should be taken into account, if we are to better define which modalities are best suited to which patients. Also, physicians should bear in mind passive–aggressive behaviors that warrant attention and intervention in patients who preferred hemodialysis.