Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Disambiguation of Lemma and Part of Speech in Morphologically Rich Languages

We consider the problem of disambiguating the lemma and part of speech of ambiguous words in morphologically rich languages. We propose a method for disambiguating ambiguous words in context, using a large un-annotated corpus of text, and a morphological analyser—with no manual disambiguation or data annotation. We assume that the morphological analyser produces multiple analyses for ambiguous words. The idea is to train recurrent neural networks on the output that the morphological analyser produces for unambiguous words. We present performance on POS and lemma disambiguation that reaches or surpasses the state of the art—including supervised models—using no manually annotated data. We evaluate the method on several morphologically rich languages.
On the Influence of Coreference Resolution on Word Embeddings in Lexical-semantic Evaluation Tasks

Coreference resolution (CR) aims to find all spans of a text that refer to the same entity. The F1-Scores on these task have been greatly improved by new developed End2End-approaches and transformer networks. The inclusion of CR as a pre-processing step is expected to lead to improvements in downstream tasks. The paper examines this effect with respect to word embeddings. That is, we analyze the effects of CR on six different embedding methods and evaluate them in the context of seven lexical-semantic evaluation tasks and instantiation/hypernymy detection. Especially in the last tasks we hoped for a significant increase in performance. We show that all word embedding approaches do not benefit significantly from pronoun substitution. The measurable improvements are only marginal (around 0.5% in most test cases). We explain this result with the loss of contextual information, reduction of the relative occurrence of rare words and the lack of pronouns to be replaced.
Automated Essay Scoring System for Nonnative Japanese Learners

In this study, we created an automated essay scoring (AES) system for nonnative Japanese learners using an essay dataset with annotations for a holistic score and multiple trait scores, including content, organization, and language scores. In particular, we developed AES systems using two different approaches: a feature-based approach and a neural-network-based approach. In the former approach, we used Japanese-specific linguistic features, including character-type features such as “kanji” and “hiragana. ” In the latter approach, we used two models: a long short-term memory (LSTM) model (Hochreiter and Schmidhuber, 1997) and a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) model (Devlin et al., 2019), which achieved the highest accuracy in various natural language processing tasks in 2018. Overall, the BERT model achieved the best root mean squared error and quadratic weighted kappa scores. In addition, we analyzed the robustness of the outputs of the BERT model. We have released and shared this system to facilitate further research on AES for Japanese as a second language learners.
A Large Harvested Corpus of Location Metonymy

Metonymy is a figure of speech in which an entity is referred to by another related entity. The existing datasets of metonymy are either too small in size or lack sufficient coverage. We propose a new, labelled, high-quality corpus of location metonymy called WiMCor, which is large in size and has high coverage. The corpus is harvested semi-automatically from English Wikipedia. We use different labels of varying granularity to annotate the corpus. The corpus can directly be used for training and evaluating automatic metonymy resolution systems. We construct benchmarks for metonymy resolution, and evaluate baseline methods using the new corpus.
Information Space Dashboard

The information space, where information is generated, stored, exchanged and discussed, is not idyllic but a space where campaigns of disinformation and destabilization are conducted. Such campaigns are subsumed under the terms “hybrid warfare” and “information warfare” (Woolley and Howard, 2017). In order to enable awareness of them, we propose an information state dashboard comprising various components/apps for data collection, analysis and visualization. The aim of the dashboard is to support an analyst in generating a common operational picture of the information space, link it with an operational picture of the physical space and, thus, contribute to overarching situational awareness. The dashboard is work in progress. However, a first prototype with components for exploiting elementary language statistics, keyword and metadata analysis, text classification and network analysis has been implemented. Further components, in particular, for event extraction and sentiment analysis are under development. As a demonstration case, we briefly discuss the analysis of historical data regarding violent anti-migrant protests and respective counter-protests that took place in Chemnitz in 2018.
Data Query Language and Corpus Tools for Slot-Filling and Intent Classification Data

Typical machine learning approaches to developing task-oriented dialog systems require the collection and management of large amounts of training data, especially for the tasks of intent classification and slot-filling. Managing this data can be cumbersome without dedicated tools to help the dialog system designer understand the nature of the data. This paper presents a toolkit for analyzing slot-filling and intent classification corpora. We present a toolkit that includes (1) a new lightweight and readable data and file format for intent classification and slot-filling corpora, (2) a new query language for searching intent classification and slot-filling corpora, and (3) tools for understanding the structure and makeup for such corpora. We apply our toolkit to several well-known NLU datasets, and demonstrate that our toolkit can be used to uncover interesting and surprising insights. By releasing our toolkit to the research community, we hope to enable others to develop more robust and intelligent slot-filling and intent classification models.
Traitement Automatique des Langues et Recherche d'Information en langue arabe dans un domaine de spécialité : Apport des connaissances morphologiques et syntaxiques pour l'indexation

La Recherche d'Information a pour objectif de fournir a un utilisateur un acces facile a l'information qui l'interesse, cette information etant situee dans une masse de documents textuels. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, un systeme de recherche d'information doit representer, stocker et organiser l'information, puis fournir a l'utilisateur les elements correspondant au besoin d'information exprime par sa requete. La plupart des systemes de recherche d'information (SRI) utilisent des termes simples pour indexer et retrouver des documents. Cependant, cette representation n'est pas assez precise pour representer le contenu des documents et des requetes, du fait de l'ambiguite des termes isoles de leur contexte. Une solution a ce probleme consiste a utiliser des termes complexes a la place de termes simples isoles. Cette approche se fonde sur l'hypothese qu'un terme complexe est moins ambigu qu'un terme simple isole. Notre these s'inscrit dans le cadre de la recherche d'information dans un domaine de specialite en langue arabe. L'objectif de notre travail a ete d'une part, d'identifier les termes complexes presents dans les requetes et les documents. D'autre part, d'exploiter pleinement la richesse de la langue en combinant plusieurs connaissances linguistiques appartenant aux niveaux morphologique et syntaxique, et de montrer comment l'apport de connaissances morphologiques et syntaxiques permet d'ameliorer l'acces a l'information. Ainsi, nous avons propose une plate-forme integrant divers composants dans le domaine public ; elle conduit a montrer l'apport significatif et tranche de plusieurs de ces composants. En outre, nous avons avons defini linguistiquement les termes complexes en langue arabe et nous avons developpe un systeme d'identification de termes complexes sur corpus qui produit des resultats de bonne qualite en terme de precision, en s'appuyant sur une approche mixte qui combine modele statistique et donnees linguistiques.
Detection of early stages of apoptosis in experimental intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in small intestine ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to determine the total proportion of apoptotic cell death (apoptotic index) following injury induced by ischemia and during various subsequent reperfusion periods, total histopathological status and the intestine regeneration dynamics after the IR injury. Experimental animals, Wistar rats (n = 45) were divided into three experimental and one control groups. In the experimental groups 1 h ischemia was followed by 1, 4 and 24 h reperfusion. Intestinal ischemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Segments of jejunum were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and studied immunohistochemically using M30 CytoDEATH and in situ TUNEL methods for apoptosis detection. Our experimental data showed that: (i) apoptosis is an important form of cell death in the small intestine after IR injury induced by SMA occlusion; (ii) maximum levels of histopathological damage and apoptotic index of mucosa occurred after 1 h ischemia and 1 h of reperfusion; and (iii) mucosa possesses great regeneration ability. The lowest levels of histopathological damage and apoptotic index were observed in the group with 1 h ischemia and 24 h reperfusion where, however, the highest mitotic index was present.
Identification of transcription factors linked to cell cycle regulation in Arabidopsis

Cell cycle is an essential process in growth and development of living organisms consists of the replication and mitotic phases separated by 2 gap phases; G1 and G2. It is tightly controlled at the molecular level and especially at the level of transcription. Precise regulation of the cell cycle is of central significance for plant growth and development and transcription factors are global regulators of gene expression playing essential roles in cell cycle regulation. This study has uncovered TFs that are involved in the control of cell cycle progression. With the aid of multi-parallel quantitative RT-PCR, the expression changes of 1880 TFs represented in the Arabidopsis TF platform was monitored in Arabidopsis synchronous MM2d cells during a 19 h period representing different time points corresponding to the 4 cell cycle phases after treatment of MM2d cells with Aphidicolin. Comparative TF expression analyses performed on synchronous cells resulted in the identification of 239 TFs differentially expressed during the cell cycle, while about one third of TFs were constitutively expressed through all time points. Phase-specific TFs were also identified.
Potential of Delayed Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Quantification of Reverse Remodeling of the Peri-Infarct Zone in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Treated With Chronic Vasodilator Therapy: Initial Experience

Purpose The peri-infarct zone represents the morphologic substrate for reentry ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction, and its extent is a strong predictor of major cardiac events. Although delayed gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DGE-MRI) was shown to allow for detailed characterization of myocardial infarction by quantifying infarct core zone and peri-infarct zone volume, potentials of DGE-MRI for measuring changes in peri-infarct zone volume are unknown. Therefore, we aimed to assess changes in volume of the peri-infarct zone among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy treated with chronic vasodilator therapy. Materials and Methods Core and peri-infarct zone volumes as assessed with DGE-MRI were measured in 5 patients at baseline and after 6 months treatment with sustained-release dipyridamole. Results Core zone volume remained stable during follow-up [median (range), 19 mL (9 to 42) vs. 16 mL (11 to 46); P=0.785]. The ratio between the peri-infarct zone and the core zone volume decreased significantly at 6 months compared with baseline [median (range), 0.22 (0.19 to 0.42) vs. 0.18 (0.09 to 0.32); P=0.043], and a trend toward reduction in peri-infarct zone volume was found [median (range), 5 mL (2 to 8) vs. 3 mL (2 to 6); P=0.059]. The peri-infarct zone volume decreased in all but 1 patient over the follow-up. Conclusions This initial experience suggests that reverse remodeling of the peri-infarct zone with reduction in peri-infarct zone volume may take place in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Quantification of this process may be feasible with DGE-MRI, but further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis and to further clarify the role of DGE-MRI for the assessment of changes in peri-infarct zone volume in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles

Durable, electrically conducting yarns are a critical component of electronic textiles (e-textiles). Here, such yarns with exceptional wear and wash resistance are realized through dyeing silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori with the conjugated polymer:polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS. A high Young’s modulus of approximately 2 GPa combined with a robust and scalable dyeing process results in up to 40 m long yarns that maintain their bulk electrical conductivity of approximately 14 S cm–1 when experiencing repeated bending stress as well as mechanical wear during sewing. Moreover, a high degree of ambient stability is paired with the ability to withstand both machine washing and dry cleaning. For the potential use for e-textile applications to be illustrated, an in-plane thermoelectric module that comprises 26 p-type legs is demonstrated by embroidery of dyed silk yarns onto a piece of felted wool fabric.
Holistic and biomedical concepts of health: A study of health notions among Swedish occupational therapists and a suggestion for developing an instrument for comparative studies

The objectives of this study were to inquire into notions of health among a group of 439 Swedish occupational therapists and to test a model derived from a qualitative study by Björklund & Svensson with a representative sample of occupational therapists in Sweden. The data were collected through a questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The means and ranking of the health notions showed that Swedish occupational therapists most frequently hold holistic notions of health, and to a lesser extent biostatistical ones. Most Swedish occupational therapists indicate that being clearly conscious of one's health notions is important both to themselves and to their profession. The test of the model provides a step towards developing an instrument for measuring notions of health that clearly distinguishes between holistic and biomedical ones and that could possibly be used for comparative studies.
Multilayer compact hybrid coupler based on vertical microstrip transition

This paper proposes a multilayer compact hybrid coupler based on vertical microstrip transition. This transition is a sandwich structure with via hole to connect two microstrip lines in different layer. For designing a compact microwave passive circuit, the microstrip line using via-hole transition is proposed to reduce a size of microwave circuit with long transmission line. For the validation of the microstrip line with via-hole transition, the multilayer hybrid coupler is implemented at center frequency of 2 GHz. The measured performances are in good agreement with simulation results and about 50% size reduction compare to conventional coupler.
Insertion Modeling and its Applications

The paper relates to the theoretical and practical aspects of insertion modeling. Insertion modeling is a theory of agents and environments interaction where an environment is considered as agent with a special insertion function. The main notions of insertion modeling are presented. Insertion Modeling System is described as a tool for development of different kinds of insertion machines. The research and industrial applications of Insertion Modeling System are presented.
A modified algorithm of the combined ensemble empirical mode decomposition and independent component analysis for the removal of cardiac artifacts from neuromuscular electrical signals

Neuronal and muscular electrical signals contain useful information about the neuromuscular system, with which researchers have been investigating the relationship of various neurological disorders and the neuromuscular system. However, neuromuscular signals can be critically contaminated by cardiac electrical activity (CEA) such as the electrocardiogram (ECG) which confounds data analysis. The purpose of our study is to provide a method for removing cardiac electrical artifacts from the neuromuscular signals recorded. We propose a new method for cardiac artifact removal which modifies the algorithm combining ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and independent component analysis (ICA). We compare our approach with a cubic smoothing spline method and the previous combined EEMD and ICA for various signal-to-noise ratio measures in simulated noisy physiological signals using a surface electromyogram (sEMG). Finally, we apply the proposed method to two real-life sets of data such as sEMG with ECG artifacts and ambulatory dog cardiac autonomic nervous signals measured from the ganglia near the heart, which are also contaminated with CEA. Our method can not only extract and remove artifacts, but can also preserve the spectral content of the neuromuscular signals.
Power Utility Nontechnical Loss Analysis With Extreme Learning Machine Method

This paper presents a new approach to nontechnical loss (NTL) analysis for utilities using the modern computational technique extreme learning machine (ELM). Nontechnical losses represent a significant proportion of electricity losses in both developing and developed countries. The ELM-based approach presented here uses customer load-profile information to expose abnormal behavior that is known to be highly correlated with NTL activities. This approach provides a method of data mining for this purpose, and it involves extracting patterns of customer behavior from historical kWh consumption data. The results yield classification classes that are used to reveal whether any significant behavior that emerges is due to irregularities in consumption. In this paper, ELM and online sequential-ELM (OS-ELM) algorithms are both used to achieve an improved classification performance and to increase accuracy of results. A comparison of this approach with other classification techniques, such as the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, is also undertaken and the ELM performance and accuracy in NTL analysis is shown to be superior.
Purification and characterization of guanylate kinase, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase of Brugia malayi

SUMMARY Guanylate kinase, a nucleoside monophosphate kinase of Brugia malayi which is involved in reversible transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to GMP, was cloned, expressed and characterized. The native molecular mass of BmGK was found to be 45 kDa as determined by size exclusion chromatography and glutaraldehyde cross-linking which revealed that the protein is homodimer in nature. This is a unique characteristic among known eukaryotic GKs. GMP and ATP served as the most effective phosphate acceptor and donor, respectively. Recombinant BmGK utilized both GMP and dGMP, as substrates showing Km values of 30 and 38 μ m, respectively. Free Mg+2 (un-complexed to ATP) and GTP play a regulatory role in catalysis of BmGK. The enzyme showed higher catalytic efficiency as compared with human GK and showed ternary complex (BmGK-GMP-ATP) formation with sequential substrate binding. The secondary structure of BmGK consisted of 45% α-helices, 18% β-sheets as revealed by CD analysis. Homology modelling and docking with GMP revealed conserved substrate binding residues with slight differences. Differences in kinetic properties and oligomerization of BmGK compared with human GK can provide the way for design of parasite-specific inhibitors.
Longitudinal stability of binge-eating type in eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the 2-year longitudinal stability of objective bulimic (binge eating) episodes (OBEs) and subjective bulimic (binge eating) episodes (SBEs) in a multisite eating disorders sample. METHOD Participants included 288 females with eating disorder symptoms who were assessed every 6 months using the Eating Disorder Examination. RESULTS Markov modeling revealed considerable longitudinal variability between types of binge eating over 6-month time intervals with relatively higher probability estimates for consistency between OBEs and SBEs than specific transitions between types for the overall sample as well as for eating disorder diagnostic groups. Transition patterns examining all five time points indicated notable variability in binge-eating patterns among participants. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that although longitudinal patterns of binge types are variable among individuals with eating disorders, consistency in OBEs and SBEs was the most common pattern observed.
User experience design and agile development: managing cooperation through articulation work

Previous discussions of how User Experience (UX) designers and Agile developers can work together have focused on bringing the disciplines together by merging their processes or adopting specific techniques. This paper reports in detail on one observational study of a mature Scrum team in a large organization, and their interactions with the UX designers working on the same project. The evidence from our study shows that Agile development and UX design practice is not explained by rationalized accounts dealing with processes or techniques. Instead, understanding practice requires examining the wider organizational setting in which the Agile developers and UX designers are embedded. Our account focuses on the situatedness of the work by making reference to values and assumptions in the organizational setting, and the consequences that those values and assumptions had for practice. In this organizational setting, cooperation between the Agile developers and UX designers was achieved through ongoing articulation work by the developers, who were compelled to engage a culturally distinct UX design division. Based on this study, insights into culture, self‐organization and purposeful work highlight significant implications for practice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilingual Access to Library Catalogues : Word Sense Disambiguation via Classification Systems

Multilingual Digital Libraries ask for Cross-Language search engines able to disambiguate the search terms across languages. In this paper, we report on the development and first evaluation of a Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) system enriched with a Word To Category Module: we automatically extract a mapping from words in the meta data of the Catalog’s records to the associated Classification Categories and exploit it to help the CLIR system retrieve only books in different languages about the topic actually queried by the user.