Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interaction between oblongifolin C and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in human liver and intestine microsomes

Abstract 1. Oblongifolin C (OC) is a potential natural anticancer candidate, and its metabolic profile has not yet been established. 2. One major OC glucuronidation metabolite (OCG) has been identified in a pool of human liver microsomes (HLMs). Chemical inhibition experiments suggested that OCG was mainly formed by UGT1A. A screen of recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms (UGTs) indicated that UGT1A1 primarily mediates OC conjugation, with minor contributions from UGT1A3 and UGT1A8. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that UGT1A1 was the main UGT isoform involved in OCG in HLMs. 3. Further investigation suggested that OC is a broad inhibitor of UGTs. Additionally, OC competitively inhibited UGT1A6 with a Ki value of 3.49 ± 0.57 μM, whereas non-competitively inhibited UGT1A10 with a Ki value of 2.12 ± 0.18 μM. 4. Understanding the interaction between OC and UGTs will greatly contribute to future investigations regarding the inter-individual differences in OC metabolism in clinical trials and potential drug–drug interactions.
Iava: yet another interpreter for scripting within the Java platform

Recently, scripting languages have received growing attention from the software engineering community. With the advent of Java, existing scripting languages have started to integrate with the rich API of the Java platform. In this work we introduce Iava, an interpreter for scripting the Java platform. In contrast to existing scripting languages for the Java platform, the Iava interpreter accepts a strict subset of Java. Iava is implemented in Java using the reflection Application Programming Interface (API) and can be integrated into any Java‐based application. This article describes why we consider scripting Java software systems with Iava a useful approach. We explain why Iava only accepts a subset of Java and what the difference between that subset and the full language is. We describe the implementation patterns that provide a high level of integration between Iava and embedding Java classes. We demonstrate the benefits of Iava using a scriptable text editor. As another example for the use of Iava, we integrate Iava with an existing framework for class testing (Ref. [1], Beck K, Gamma E. Test infected: Programmers love writing tests. Java Report; SIGS Publications, 1998.). We sketch how to use Iava for distribution script processing – a useful tool for testing distributed Java applications. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ergosteryl 2-naphthoate, An Ergosterol Derivative, Exhibits Antidepressant Effects Mediated by the Modification of GABAergic and Glutamatergic Systems

Phytosterols are a kind of natural component including sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, ergosterol (Er) and others. Their main natural sources are vegetable oils and their processed products, followed by grains, by-products of cereals and nuts, and small amounts of fruits, vegetables and mushrooms. In this study, three new Er monoester derivatives were obtained from the reflux reaction with Er: organic acids (furoic acid, salicylic acid and 2-naphthoic acid), 1-Ethylethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) in dichloromethane. Their chemical structures were defined by IR and NMR. The present study was also undertaken to investigate the antidepressant-like effects of Er and its derivatives in male adult mice models of depression, and their probable involvement of GABAergic and glutamatergic systems by the forced swim test (FST). The results indicated that Er and its derivatives display antidepressant effects. Moreover, one derivative of Er, ergosteryl 2-naphthoate (ErN), exhibited stronger antidepressant activity in vivo compared to Er. Acute administration of ErN (5 mg/kg, i.p.) and a combination of ErN (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), reboxetine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and tianeptine (15 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the immobility time in the FST. Pretreatment with bicuculline (a competitive γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, 4 mg/kg, i.p.) and N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA, an agonist at the glutamate site, 75 mg/kg, i.p.) effectively reversed the antidepressant-like effect of ErN (5 mg/kg, i.p.). However, prazosin (a α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and haloperidol (a non-selective D2 receptor antagonist, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) did not eliminate the reduced immobility time. Altogether, these results indicated that ErN produced antidepressant-like activity, which might be mediated by GABAergic and glutamatergic systems.
Homogenization in elastodynamics with force term depending on time

We extend the study on the homogenization problem for an elastic material containing a distributed array of gas bubbles to the case when the body force depends on time. By technically constructing an approximating sequence, we are able to show the convergence of semigroups and therefore prove the main result that such spongy material can be approximated by an elastic material without holes in the elastodynamics with the force term depending on time.
Current concepts in combination antibiotic therapy for critically ill patients

Widespread emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens is a problem of global dimension. MDR infections are difficult to treat and frequently associated with high mortality. More than one antibiotic is commonly used to treat such infections, but scientific evidence does not favor use of combination therapy in most cases. However, there are certain subgroups where combination therapy may be beneficial, e.g. sepsis due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia, and patients with multiple organ failure. Well-designed prospective studies are needed to clearly define the role of combination therapy in these subgroups.
Microbicide Applicators: Understanding Design Preferences Among Women in the Dominican Republic and South Africa

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to prioritize applicator design attributes among women in the Dominican Republic and South Africa, and to determine how preferences differed based on sociodemographic variables. Goal: The goal was to identify acceptable microbicide applicator designs in 2 low-resource settings. Study Design: We surveyed 895 women, randomly sampled from clinics in the Dominican Republic (n = 449) and South Africa (n = 446), with questions on sociodemographics, applicator attribute preferences, and price/design tradeoffs. Results: Single-use design was the most valued attribute, and reusable design and low price were the least valued attributes in both populations. Preference for single-use design was associated with concern about reusable applicators spreading germs, secondary or higher education, older age, having children, and perception of moderate to high HIV risk. Conclusions: Acceptability factors related to microbicide delivery mechanisms should continue to be evaluated among potential microbicide users to directly inform product development and introduction of microbicides.
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of ascites in acute abdominal attacks of hereditary angioneurotic oedema

Background Hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HAE) is a rare cause of ascites. As acute abdominal attacks of the disease can mimic surgical emergencies, prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential. This study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of serial abdominal ultrasound (US) examinations. Patients and methods Seventy patients with HAE were followed up for almost a decade. All patients presenting with an acute oedematous attack underwent abdominal US, which was then repeated 24 and 48 h after appropriate therapy. Results Twenty-two acute oedematous attacks with abdominal complaints severe enough to justify hospital admission occurred in the study population. Abdominal US performed during the attack showed oedematous thickening of the intestinal wall in 80% of cases and invariably demonstrated the presence of free peritoneal fluid in all patients. Rapid symptomatic relief achieved by treatment was accompanied by the significant regression of US abnormalities. Conclusions Transitory ascites demonstrated by abdominal US is a clue to the diagnosis of an acute abdominal attack of HAE. The possibility of HAE should always be considered whenever unexplained abdominal pain recurs with or without ascites.
Color channels decorrelation by ICA transformation in the wavelet domain for color texture analysis and synthesis

In this paper, we developed a color model to cancel the dependency between color channels, which enables us to separate spectral processing from, spatial processing. We introduced Independent Component Analysis (ICA) transformation in the wavelet domain to decorrelate the subband color joint statistics. The decorrelated joint color conditional histograms display scaling of variance. Gaussian Scale Mixture (GSM) was used to model the subband color statistics and a normalization scheme was adapted to cancel the pair-wise color subband statistical dependency. This color model was combined with the Portilla/Simoncelli texture model to construct the color texture model. Based on this model, features were extracted and the corresponding color texture synthesis scheme was developed.
Handbook of obesity

History definitions and prevalence: historical framework for the development of ideas about obesity definitions and proposed current classification of obesity evaluation of total and regional body composition time trends in the worldwide prevalence of obesity prevalence of obesity in children obesity in the elderly. Etiology: the genetics of human obesity animal models of obesity molecular genetics of obesity diet composition and the control of food intake in humans experimental studies on the control of food intake behaviourial neuroscience of obesity. Pathophysiology: etiology of the metabolic syndrome clinical manifestations of the metabolic syndrome the effects of obesity on the cardiovascular system obesity and lipoprotein metabolism obesity and blood pressure regulation obesity and diabetes. Evaluation, prevention, and treatment: prevention of obesity classification and evaluation of the overweight patient behaviourial approaches to the treatment of obesity dietary treatment of obesity exercise as a treatment for obesity treatment of overweighed NIDDM patients. (Part contents).
Perceptual Determinants Are Critical, but They Don’t Explain Everything

Commenting on our research (Bernard, Gervais, Allen, Campomizzi, & Klein, 2012), Tarr (2013) stated that inferring that different visual-recognition processes (analytic vs. configural) are applied to images of sexualized males and females is “unwarranted on empirical, methodological, and logical grounds” (p. 1069). Here, we address Tarr’s comments with additional analyses from Bernard et al. (2012). Regarding methodology, Tarr (2013) raised the possibility that our results could be explained by a speedaccuracy trade-off:
Feature extraction of speech signals in emotion identification

In this work, the acoustic and spectral characteristics and the automatic recognition of human emotional states through speech analysis have been studied. Acoustic features have been evaluated and features from time-frequency representation are proposed. The method is based in the representation of speech signal through energy distributions (Gabor transform and WVD) and discrete coefficients (DWT and linear prediction analysis). Recognition accuracy of 94.6% for emotion detection are obtained from SES database of emotional speech in spanish language.
Mental illness and psychiatric treatment amongst firesetters, other offenders and the general community

Objective: Firesetting is often reported to be associated with psychopathology, but frequently these conclusions are based on studies reliant on selective forensic psychiatric samples without the use of comparison groups. The aim of the study was to examine the rates of mental illness, substance use disorders, personality pathology and psychiatric service usage in a population of convicted firesetters compared with other offenders and community controls. Method: Using a data-linkage design, the study examined the psychiatric histories and usage of public mental health services by 1328 arsonists convicted between 2000 and 2009 in Victoria, Australia. These were compared with 1328 matched community controls and 421 non-firesetting offenders. Results: Firesetters were significantly more likely to have been registered with psychiatric services (37%) compared with other offenders (29.3%) and community controls (8.7%). The firesetters were also more likely to have utilised a diverse range of public mental health services. Firesetters attracted psychiatric diagnoses more often than community controls and other offenders, particularly affective, substance use, and personality disorders. Conclusions: This study confirms that there is a link between firesetting and psychopathology, suggesting that there is a role for the psychiatric screening of known firesetters, and a need to consider psychopathology in formulating the risk for further firesetting.
Using Lexical and Compositional Semantics to Improve HPSG Parse Selection

Using Lexical and Compositional Semantics to Improve HPSG Parse Selection Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Dr. Emily Bender University of Washington Accurate parse ranking is essential for deep linguistic processing applications and is one of the classic problems for academic research in NLP. Despite significant advances, there remains a big need for improvement, especially for domains where gold-standard training data is scarce or unavailable. An overwhelming majority of parse ranking methods today rely on modeling syntactic derivation trees. At the same time, parsers that output semantic representations in addition to syntactic derivations (like the monostratal DELPH-IN HPSG parsers) offer an alternative structure for training the ranking model, which could be further combined with the baseline syntactic model score for re-ranking. This thesis proposes a method for ranking the semantic sentence representations, taking advantage of compositional and lexical semantics. The methodology does not require sense-disambiguated data, and therefore can be adopted without requiring a solution for word sense disambiguation. The approach was evaluated in the context of HPSG parse disambiguation for two different domains, as well as in a cross-domain setting, yielding relative error rate reduction of 11.36% for top-10 parse selection compared to the baseline syntactic derivation-based parse ranking model, and a standalone ranking accuracy approaching the accuracy of the baseline syntactic model in the best setup.
λ-Grammars and the Syntax-Semantics Interface ∗

type syntactic dimensions semantic dimension s νt st np νt e n νt e(st) Table 2: Concretizations of abstract types used in this paper. The terms that our signs consist of are typed, but it is expedient to type the signs themselves as well. Types for signs will be called abstract types. Abstract types in this paper are built up from ground types s, np and n with the help of implication, and thus have forms such as np s, n((np s)s), etc. A restriction on signs is that a sign of abstract type A should have a term of type A in its i-th dimension. The values of the function . for ground types can be chosen on a per grammar basis and in this paper are as in Table 2. For complex types, the rule is that (AB) = AB. This means, for example, that np(np s) = np(np s) = (νt)((νt)νt) and that np(np s) = e(e(st)). As a consequence, (2c) should be of type np(np s). Similarly, (2a) and (2b) can be taken to be of type np, (3a) and (3b) are of types np s and s respectively, etc. In general, if M has abstract type AB and N abstract type A, then the pointwise application M(N) is defined and has type B. Abstraction can also be lifted to the level of signs. Supposing that the variables in our logic have some fixed ordering and that the number of dimensions of the grammar under consideration is n, we define the kth n-dimensional variable ξ of abstract type A as the sequence of variables 〈ξ1, . , ξn〉, where each ξi is the k-th variable of type A . The pointwise abstraction λξM is then defined as 〈λξ1M1, . , λξnMn〉. A definition of pointwise substitution is left to the reader. With the definitions of pointwise application, pointwise abstraction, and n-dimensional variable in place, we can consider complex terms built up with these constructions. (7a), for example, is the pointwise application of (6b) to the pointwise composition of (6a) and (2c). Here ζ is of type np. (7a) can be expanded to (7b), where each dimension of a lexical sign is denoted with the help of an appropriate subscript (e.g. (6b)1 is λT. T ([a woman])). The terms here can be reduced and the result is as in (7c), a sign coupling the c-description in its first dimension to one of its possible readings. The other reading is obtained from (7d), which reduces to (7e). (7) a. (6b)(λζ.(6a)((2c)(ζ)))
The Effects of Adding Different Whole-Body Vibration Frequencies to Preconditioning Exercise on Subsequent Sprint Performance

Rønnestad, BR and Ellefsen, S. The effects of adding different whole-body vibration frequencies to preconditioning exercise on subsequent sprint performance. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3306–3310, 2011—The phenomenon postactivation potentiation can possibly be used to acutely improve sprint performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of adding whole-body vibration (WBV) to body-loaded half-squats, performed as preconditioning activity to the 40-m sprint test. Nine male amateur soccer players performed 1 familiarization session and 6 separate test sessions. Each session included a standardized warm-up followed by 1 of the after preconditioning exercises: 30-seconds of half-squats with WBV at either 50 or 30 Hz or half-squats without WBV. The 40-m sprint was performed 1 minute after the preconditioning exercise. For each subject, each of the 3 protocols was repeated twice on separate days in a randomized order. Mean values were used in the statistical analysis. Performing the preconditioning exercise with WBV at a frequency of 50 Hz resulted in a superior 40-m sprint performance compared to preconditioning exercise without WBV (5.48 ± 0.19 vs. 5.52 ± 0.21 seconds, respectively, p < 0.05). There was no difference between preconditioning exercise with WBV at a frequency of 30 Hz and the no-WBV condition. In conclusion, preconditioning exercise performed with WBV at 50 Hz seems to enhance 40-m sprint performance in recreationally trained soccer players. The present findings suggest that coaches can incorporate such exercise into the warm-up to improve sprint performance or the quality of the sprint training.
Isolation and sequence analysis of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato gene encoding a 2,3-diphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglyceromutase

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3481, a Tn5-induced mutant of the tomato pathogen DC3000, cannot grow and elicit disease symptoms on tomato seedlings. It also cannot grow on minimal medium containing malate, citrate, or succinate, three of the major organic acids found in tomatoes. We report here that this mutant also cannot use, as a sole carbon and/or energy source, a wide variety of hexoses and intermediates of hexose catabolism. Uptake studies have shown that DC3481 is not deficient in transport. A 3.8-kb EcoRI fragment of DC3000 DNA, which complements the Tn5 mutation, has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of two of the three open reading frames (ORFs) present on this fragment, ORF2 and ORF3, had no significant homology with sequences in the GenBank databases. However, the 510-amino-acid sequence of ORF1, the site of the Tn5 insertion, strongly resembled the deduced amino acid sequences of the Bacillus subtilis and Zea mays genes encoding 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG)-independent phosphoglyceromutase (PGM) (52% identity and 72% similarity and 37% identity and 57% similarity, respectively). PGMs not requiring the cofactor DPG are usually found in plants and algae. Enzyme assays confirmed that P. syringae PGM activity required an intact ORF1. Not only is DC3481 the first PGM-deficient pseudomonad mutant to be described, but the P. syringae pgm gene is the first gram-negative bacterial gene identified that appears to code for a DPG-independent PGM. PGM activity appears essential for the growth and pathogenicity of P. syringae pv. tomato on its host plant.
Stability of genetic polymorphism in host–parasite interactions

Allelic diversity is common at host loci involved in parasite recognition, such as the major histocompatibility complex in vertebrates or gene-for-gene relationships in plants, and in corresponding loci encoding antigenic molecules in parasites. Diverse factors have been proposed in models to account for genetic polymorphism in host–parasite recognition. Here, a simple but general theory of host–parasite coevolution is developed. Coevolution implies the existence of indirect frequency-dependent selection (FDS), because natural selection on the host depends on the frequency of a parasite gene, and vice versa. It is shown that polymorphism can be maintained in both organisms only if there is negative, direct FDS, such that the strength of natural selection for the host resistance allele, the parasite virulence allele or both declines with increasing frequency of that allele itself. This condition may be fulfilled if the parasite has more than one generation in the same host individual, a feature which is common to most diseases. It is argued that the general theory encompasses almost all factors previously proposed to account for polymorphism at corresponding host and parasite loci, including those controlling gene-for-gene interactions.
Pharmaceutical liposomal drug delivery: a review of new delivery systems and a look at the regulatory landscape

Abstract Liposomes were the first nanoscale drug to be approved for clinical use in 1995. Since then, the technology has grown considerably, and pioneering recent work in liposome-based delivery systems has brought about remarkable developments with significant clinical implications. This includes long-circulating liposomes, stimuli-responsive liposomes, nebulized liposomes, elastic liposomes for topical, oral and transdermal delivery and covalent lipid-drug complexes for improved drug plasma membrane crossing and targeting to specific organelles. While the regulatory bodies’ opinion on liposomes is well-documented, current guidance that address new delivery systems are not. This review describes, in depth, the current state-of-the-art of these new liposomal delivery systems and provides a critical overview of the current regulatory landscape surrounding commercialization efforts of higher-level complexity systems, the expected requirements and the hurdles faced by companies seeking to bring novel liposome-based systems for clinical use to market.