Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A critical discovery analysis of gendered language in online parenting education

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Gendered Language in Online Parenting Education Parenting education resources offer concrete skills, information, and support to increase individuals’ competence as parents (Krafchick, Zimmerman, Haddock, & Banning, 2005). Increasingly parents are beginning to supplement and even replace print resources with online material. The internet offers convenience, anonymity to users, and an alternative method for family life educators to deliver information (Daneback & Plantin, 2009; Duncan & Steimle, 2004). Given this centrality in parenting education practice, it is important to consider what information is being presented to parents online. More specifically, how are ideologies concerning gender and the family reflected in the language of parenting education websites? This study examined at how gender is embodied in online parenting education through doing a critical discourse analysis of selected websites. Implications for the practice of critical FLE were developed through analysis. The analysis of four parenting education websites found that two of the websites analyzed (Pampers and Ask. Dr. Sears) presented gender-neutral information and two of the websites (Parents Connect and Families Online Magazine) presented gender-specific information to parents. Findings indicated that gender messages were directly mostly at mothers, whereas there was a lack of information directed at fathers. Overall the website evaluations indicated that all four parenting websites presented gender-specific messages in one or more of the following areas: website images, videos, titles, website authors, and marketing. Analyzing how gender is presented in parenting education is important because gender is a critical variable in the socialization of children and in the organization of family relationships. A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GENDERED LANGUAGE 4 In turn, through informing parents on the process and outcomes of gender socialization parents are equipped with the knowledge that allows them to be aware when raising their children, critically analyze gender expectations, and help them in making informed choices concerning how to deal with these expectations. A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF GENDERED LANGUAGE 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS
The effect of naltrexone on body fat mass in olanzapine-treated schizophrenic or schizoaffective patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study

Olanzapine (OLZ), a commonly prescribed second generation antipsychotic drug, is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome and may contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Opioidergic neurotransmission may be implicated in the development of these metabolic disturbances. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of opioid blockade on OLZ-treated patients’ metabolic status. Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (n=30) on a stable dose of OLZ were randomized in a double-blind fashion to receive an opioid receptor antagonist, naltrexone (NTX), (n=14) or placebo (n=16). The primary outcome measure was the change in body mass index (BMI) at 12 weeks. Secondary measures included body fat and fat-free mass, along with homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), plasma lipids and liver function tests (LFTs). There was no significant change in BMI between the treatment arms. However, in comparison to the OLZ + placebo combination, the OLZ + NTX group displayed a significant decrease in the fat and increase in fat-free mass along with a trend towards improvement in HOMA-IR values. There were no significant differences in plasma lipids and LFTs. These findings suggest that addition of NTX to OLZ may attenuate OLZ-induced body fat mass gain. A larger study of longer duration will be needed to confirm these results.
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the quantification of bioavailability and bioconversion of β-carotene to retinol in humans.

A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography−atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI LC−MS) was developed for the quantification of the bioavailability of retinyl palmitate and β-carotene and the bioconversion of β-carotene to retinol in humans. Following oral administration of [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,19,20-13C10]-retinyl palmitate and [12,13,14,15,20,12‘,13‘,14‘,15‘,20‘-13C10]-β-carotene at physiological doses to children between 8 and 11 years of age, blood samples were drawn and serum was prepared. Retinol and β-carotene were extracted from 0.2- and 1.0-mL serum samples, respectively, and analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC with a C30 column interfaced to an APCI mass spectrometer. Unlike other LC−MS assays for carotenoids, no additional purification steps were necessary, nor was any derivatization of retinol or β-carotene required. APCI LC−MS showed a linear detector response for β-carotene over 4 orders of magnitude. Using selected ion monitoring to record the eluti.
Online Collaborative Learning Activities: The Perceptions of Culturally Diverse Graduate Students.

This exploratory study examined the perceptions of minority graduate students toward online collaborative learning activities. The participants were 20 minority graduate students from diverse cultural backgrounds (10 African Americans, 5 Hispanics, and 5 international students from Africa) enrolled in online graduate instructional technology and special education program at a university located in the Northeastern United States. A qualitative research design using semistructured interviews, focus group interviews, and a non-participant observation were employed to collect the data for the study. The analysis of the data identified six themes on the perceptions of the minority graduate students toward online collaborative learning activities: (a) knowledge building and construction, (b) preference to work in small-group over whole-group activities, (c) opportunities to share and lead discussion in cross-cultural online environment, (d) collaborative activities help meet their learning and communication styles, (e) challenges of dealing with cultural differences, and (f) lack of multicultural inclusion in the curriculum/course content. The findings of the study suggest that instructors who are tasked to teach online courses should take into account the benefits, preferences, and challenges of students from diverse cultural backgrounds as they participate in online collaborative learning activities.
Beyond traditional pharmacology: new tools and approaches

Traditional pharmacology is defined as the science that deals with drugs and their actions. While small molecule drugs have clear advantages, there are many cases where they have proved to be ineffective, prone to unacceptable side effects, or where due to a particular disease aetiology they cannot possibly be effective. A dominant feature of the small molecule drugs is their single mindedness: they provide either continuous inhibition or continuous activation of the target. Because of that, these drugs tend to engage compensatory mechanisms leading to drug tolerance, drug resistance or, in some cases, sensitization and consequent loss of therapeutic efficacy over time and/or unwanted side effects. Here we discuss new and emerging therapeutic tools and approaches that have potential for treating the majority of disorders for which small molecules are either failing or cannot be developed. These new tools include biologics, such as recombinant hormones and antibodies, as well as approaches involving gene transfer (gene therapy and genome editing) and the introduction of specially designed self‐replicating cells. It is clear that no single method is going to be a ‘silver bullet’, but collectively, these novel approaches hold promise for curing practically every disorder.
Increased pancreatic islet mass is accompanied by activation of the insulin receptor substrate‐2/serine‐threonine kinase pathway and augmented cyclin D2 protein levels in insulin‐resistant rats

It is well known that glucocorticoids induce peripheral insulin resistance in rodents and humans. Here, we investigated the structural and ultrastructural modifications, as well as the proteins involved in beta‐cell function and proliferation, in islets from insulin‐resistant rats. Adult male Wistar rats were made insulin resistant by daily administration of dexamethasone (DEX; 1mg/kg, i.p.) for five consecutive days, whilst control (CTL) rats received saline alone. Structure analyses showed a marked hypertrophy of DEX islets with an increase of 1.7‐fold in islet mass and of 1.6‐fold in islet density compared with CTL islets (P < 0.05). Ultrastructural evaluation of islets revealed an increased amount of secreting organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in DEX islets. Mitotic figures were observed in DEX islets at structural and ultrastructural levels. Beta‐cell proliferation, evaluated at the immunohistochemical level using anti‐PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), showed an increase in pancreatic beta‐cell proliferation of 6.4‐fold in DEX islets compared with CTL islets (P < 0.0001). Increases in insulin receptor substrate‐2 (IRS‐2), phosphorylated‐serine‐threonine kinase AKT (p‐AKT), cyclin D2 and a decrease in retinoblastoma protein (pRb) levels were observed in DEX islets compared with CTL islets (P < 0.05). Therefore, during the development of insulin resistance, the endocrine pancreas adapts itself increasing beta‐cell mass and proliferation, resulting in an amelioration of the functions. The potential mechanisms that underlie these events involve the activation of the IRS‐2/AKT pathway and activation of the cell cycle, mediated by cyclin D2. These adaptations permit the maintenance of glycaemia at near‐physiological ranges.
EVOLUTION OF MIMICRY PATTERNS IN METRIORRHYNCHUS (COLEOPTERA: LYCIDAE): THE HISTORY OF DISPERSAL AND SPECIATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

The concept of Müllerian mimicry suggests convergent evolution to an intermediate pattern and does not predict polymorphism in mimicry rings. We examined the evolution of mimicry patterns and the order of divergence of various factors, including the role of aposematic patterns in speciation, in a clade of net‐winged beetles with a robust phylogeny that suggests that they dispersed from the Australian to Asian plate. We found strong evidence for the evolution of mimicry via advergence in Metriorrhynchus because older patterns are represented in the Oriental region within more than 100 species of lycids from several lineages. Advergence was likely the cause of the observed intraspecific polymorphism in contrast to the predicted universal monomorphism. Polymorphism was found in populations of two species in Sumatra and Borneo and in populations fine‐tuned to subtle variants in various habitats. The advergence is likely to be based on the small population sizes of immigrants. The differences in population sizes result in much higher benefits for dispersing species than native populations. Speciation was trigged by the divergence in aposematic coloration, and the genetic differences accumulated slowly during incomplete isolation. We assumed that the differentiation in genitalia through sexual selection ultimately reinforced speciation initiated by the shift between mimicry patterns.
Midlife women: symptoms associated with menopausal transition and early postmenopause and quality of life

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to examine the effects of symptoms associated with the menopausal transition and early postmenopause on quality of life and to determine if there is a clustering of symptoms that has a larger effect on quality of life than individual symptoms. MethodsThis study used data from a cross-sectional study on women aged 45 to 60 years. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to analyze the data. ResultsMore than 60% of the participants reported three or more symptoms. The symptom clusters that had the highest impact on quality of life were sleep disturbances and vaginal dryness, which accounted for 9.7% of the variance in quality-of-life scores. A parsimonious model of individual symptoms, including sleep disturbances, fatigue, and anxiety, accounted for 16.7% of the variance in quality of life. This group of symptoms, not represented by a cluster, had the highest impact on quality of life. ConclusionsThe symptoms found to most significantly affect quality of life are sleep disturbances, fatigue, and anxiety, suggesting that appropriate management of sleep disorders and anxiety may be beneficial to women undergoing the transition to postmenopause. Unanticipated clusters of symptoms point toward a unique symptom experience influenced by factors other than a decline in ovarian function. In this study, symptoms commonly associated with the menopausal transition and early postmenopause negatively affect quality of life; however, the results indicate that quality of life in midlife women is affected by these symptoms only to a small extent.
Government size, government debt and globalization

ABSTRACT This article empirically investigates the effect of globalization on government size and debt. Using panel heterogeneous cointegration techniques to a panel of developing and developed countries, it finds that globalization reduces government size and debt. In terms of components of globalization, government size is found to increase with trade openness but decreases with financial, social and political globalization. On the other hand, government debt increases with financial and trade openness but decreases with social and political globalization. The evidence is robust to different estimation methods and different samples. Our data also indicate unidirectional causality running from globalization measures to government size and debt.
HOW SEDENTARY ARE GREYWING FRANCOLINS (FRANCOLINUS AFRICANUS)?

Phasianids are considered to be sedentary birds with limited dispersal so that populations may be expected to show genetic isolation by distance. To test this, we examined genetic variability in 618 greywing francolins (Francolinus africanus) at 24 localities over a 1,500 km2 area. We subdivided the samples to measure genetic population structure among localities separated by 6–60 km, and among coveys separated by 0.1–6 km. Thirteen of 30 (43%) allozyme loci were polymorphic, and heterozygosity ranged from 5.3 to 8.5% over 24 localities and averaged 7.0%, a value much larger than that found for other phasianids. Significant allele‐frequency heterogeneity was detected among localities and among coveys at several localities for several loci. Mantel's test, however, showed that there was no correlation between geographical distance and the allele‐frequency difference between localities for all but one allele. Although spatial autocorrelation was detected with Moran's I and Geary's c for two alleles, the geographical patterns of I in correlograms of 18 independent alleles showed a “crazy‐quilt” pattern of allele‐frequency patches. This shows that the isolation‐by‐distance model of subpopulation structure is inappropriate for these birds. Individuals, therefore, appear to disperse far beyond neighboring populations. “Private‐allele” and FST estimates of migration under the island model were 8–9 individuals between localities of each generation. Allele‐frequency heterogeneity, large amounts of gene flow, and the general lack of spatial autocorrelation imply that the small, socially‐structured populations of greywing are subject to high rates of turnover, founder effects, and random drift.
SIRE-DP-2013-18 Expectations Traps and Coordination Failures with Discretionary Policymaking

Discretionary policymakers cannot manage private-sector expectations and cannot coordinate the actions of future policymakers. As a consequence, expectations traps and coordination failures can occur and multiple equilibria can arise. To utilize the explanatory power of models with multiple equilibria it is first necessary to understand how an economy arrives to a particular equilibrium. In this paper we employ notions of learnability and self-enforceability to motivate and identify equilibria of particular interest. Central among these criteria are whether the equilibrium is learnable by private agents and jointly learnable by private agents and the policymaker. We use two New Keynesian policy models to identify the strategic interactions that give rise to multiple equilibria and to illustrate our methods for identifying equilibria of interest. Importantly, unless the Pareto-preferred equilibrium is learnable by private agents, we find little reason to expect coordination on that equilibrium.
Black–white differences in cancer risk in Harare, Zimbabwe, during 1991–2010

Data from 20 years of cancer registration in Harare (Zimbabwe) are used to investigate the risk of cancer in the white population of the city (of European origin), relative to that in blacks (of African origin). In the absence of information on the respective populations‐at‐risk, we calculated odds of each major cancer among all cancers, and took the odds ratios of whites to blacks. Some major differences reflect obvious phenotypic differences (the very high incidence of skin cancer—melanoma and nonmelanoma—in the white population), whereas others (high rates of liver cancer, Kaposi sarcoma and conjunctival cancers in blacks) are the result of differences in exposure to infectious agents. Of particular interest are cancers related to lifestyle factors, and how the differences in risk are changing over time, as a result of evolving lifestyles. Thus, the high risk of cancers of the esophagus and cervix uteri in blacks (relative to whites) and colorectal cancers in whites show little change over time. Conversely, the odds of breast cancer, on average four times higher in whites than blacks, has shown a significant decrease in the differential over time. Cancer of the prostate, with the odds initially (1991–1997) 15% higher in whites had become 33% higher in blacks by 2004–2010.
The effect of exercise on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: towards a research agenda

ABSTRACT Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and are core symptoms of the condition. They cause considerable distress to the person with dementia and their carers and predict early institutionalization and death. Historically, these symptoms have been managed with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medication. Although potentially effective, such medication has been used too widely and is associated with serious adverse side-effects and increased mortality. Consequently, there is a need to evaluate non-pharmacological therapies for behavioral and psychological symptoms in this population. One such therapy is physical activity, which has widespread health benefits. The aim of this review is to summarize the current findings of the efficacy of physical activity on BPSD. Method: Published articles were identified using electronic and manual searches. Rather than systematically aggregating data, this review adopted a rapid critical interpretive approach to synthesize the literature. Results: Exercise appears to be beneficial in reducing some BPSD, especially depressed mood, agitation, and wandering, and may also improve night-time sleep. Evidence of the efficacy of exercise on improving other symptoms such as anxiety, apathy, and repetitive behaviors is currently weak or lacking. Conclusion: The beneficial effect of exercise type, its duration, and frequency is unclear although some studies suggest that walking for at least 30 minutes, several times a week, may enhance outcome. The methodological shortcomings of current work in this area are substantial. The research and clinical implications of current findings are discussed.
Composition of Urinary Coproporphyrin Isomers I — IV in Human Porphyrias

The urinary distribution and relative proportions of the four coproporphyrin isomers I-IV were investigated in 50 patients suffering from hepatic and erythropoietic types of hereditary porphyrias. A highly efficient sample preparation method was applied to isolate urinary coproporphyrins, the isomer ratios of which were quantitated by isocratic ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of the proportion of coproporphyrin I in acute hepatic porphyria (acute intermittent porphyria, hereditary coproporphyria, variegate porphyria, porphobilinogen synthase deficiency porphyria) as compared with chronic hepatic porphyria (porphyria cutanea tarda, chronic hepatic porphyria type B and C) (13.2 +/- 5.3%, mean +/- S.D., vs. 31.4 +/- 11.5%). Conversely, the proportion of isomer III was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in acute hepatic porphyria than in chronic hepatic porphyria (80.9 +/- 5.2% vs. 62.2 +/- 10.9%). As expected, the highest level of coproporphyrin I (90.0 +/- 1.9%) was found in congenital erythropoietic porphyria. The atypical coproporphyrins II and IV were detected in all types of porphyria analysed and ranged from 0.2 to 9.0%; no significant differences were seen between acute and chronic hepatic porphyrias. The diagnostic importance of the isomer ratios of coproporphyrins I and III has been confirmed in our study, while the significance of the atypical coproporphyrin isomers II and IV is still unclear at present.
Hyperthermia induces differentiation without apoptosis in permissive temperatures in human erythroleukaemia cells

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether induction of differentiation by hyperthermia is accompanied by apoptosis and necrosis to further evaluate the benefits of using hyperthermia as a differentiation inducing physical modality. Materials and method: Differentiation was evaluated in K562 erythroleukaemia cells by measuring haemoglobin synthesis and flow cytometric measurement of glycophorin A expression. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin-V-FITC and Propidium Iodide (PI) double staining assay. Apoptosis and necrosis was also evaluated morphologically using staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EtBr) by fluorescence microscopy. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) level was measured by ELISA kit. Results: Hyperthermia (43°C) induced differentiation as judged by increased haemoglobin synthesis and glycophorin A expression. No sign of apoptosis or necrosis could be detected at this temperature. Cell viability did not change due to heat treatment, and cellular proliferation was reduced in a dose (heating time) dependent manner. At 45°C, hyperthermia induced apoptosis and necrosis with minimal or no sign of differentiation. HSP70 level was significantly increased at 43°C along with differentiation of leukaemic cells, while at 45°C no significant effect on HSP70 production could be observed. Conclusions: The encouraging results obtained here indicate that by heat treatment at 43°C, hyperthermia can be used alone or in combination with other modalities as a differentiation inducing agent without any detectable apoptotic activity. Positive correlation between HSP70 production and induction of differentiation and lack of apoptosis by hyperthermia confirm the possible role of HSP70 in the heat-induced differentiation and apoptosis in leukaemic cells.