Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for antioxidant activity in selected Thai wild plants.

In recent years, intensive research on natural antioxidants derived from plants has grown due to their potential health-benefits and alternative antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants. The antioxidant properties of the twenty selected Thai wild plants were examined using three different assays; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Their total phenolic contents (TPC) were also measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The TPC of ethanolic extracts ranged from 5.06 – 720.2 mg gallic acid equivalence (GAE)/g dry basis. The amount of plant material (dry basis) to decrease 50% of initial DPPH concentration (EC50) ranged from 0.08 – 16.50 mg dry basis while the TEAC and FRAP ranged from 0.65 – 69.03 mM Trolox equivalence (TE)/g dry basis and 2.11 – 213.4 mg ascorbic acid equivalence (AscAE)/g dry basis, respectively. There was a strong correlation coefficient between FRAP and 1/EC50 (r = 0.9071) and FRAP and TEAC (r = 0.8783). The correlations coefficient between TPC and all three antioxidant assays ranged from 0.2973 – 0.7672, indicating that polyphenols in the ethanolic extracts were partly responsible for the antioxidant activities. Based on these results, the flower of Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Blume and the leaves of Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth, possesed the highest antioxidant activities and thus could be potential rich sources of natural antioixdants and total phenolic content.
On the normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of graphs

This is a book about the normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph, which contains the research results during my Ph.D study in Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea. The normalized Laplacian eigenvalues of a graph contain many useful information of the graph, which eigenvalues of other matrices are failed to do. Thus, I want to share these results with others and this book may help you to have more ideas on this topic. Moreover, several open problems are also given, which can be considered for further research.
Galaxy Evolution Explorer Ultraviolet Spectroscopy and Deep Imaging of Luminous Infrared Galaxies in the European Large-Area ISO Survey S1 Field

The European Large-Area ISO Survey (ELAIS) S1 field was observed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) in both its Wide Spectroscopic and Deep Imaging Survey modes. This field was previously observed by the Infrared Space Observatory, and we made use of the catalog of multiwavelength data published by the ELAIS consortium to select galaxies common to the two samples. Among the 959 objects with GALEX spectroscopy, 88 are present in the ELAIS catalog and 19 are galaxies with an optical spectroscopic redshift. The distribution of redshifts covers the range 0 < z < 1.6. The selected galaxies have bolometric IR luminosities 10 < log LIR < 13 (deduced from the 15 μm flux using ISOCAM), which means that we cover a wide range of galaxies from normal to ultraluminous IR galaxies. The mean (σ) UV luminosity (not corrected for extinction) amounts to log λL1530 = 9.8(0.6) L☉ for the low-z (z ≤ 0.35) sample. The UV slope β (assuming fλ ∝ λβ) correlates with the GALEX FUV - NUV color if the sample is restricted to galaxies below z < 0.1. Taking advantage of the UV and IR data, we estimate the dust attenuation from the IR/UV ratio and compare it to the UV slope β. We find that it is not possible to uniquely estimate the dust attenuation from β for our sample of galaxies. These galaxies are highly extinguished with a median value AFUV = 2.7 ± 0.8. Once the dust correction is applied, the UV- and IR-based star formation rates correlate. For the closest galaxy with the best quality spectrum, we see a feature consistent with being produced by a bump near 220 nm in the attenuation curve.
Whole Body Control of a Dual-Arm Mobile Robot Using a Virtual Kinematic Chain

Dual-arm manipulators have more advanced manipulation abilities compared to single-arm manipulators and manipulators mounted on a mobile base have additional mobility and a larger workspace. Combining these advantages, mobile dual-arm robots are expected to perform a variety of tasks in the future. Kinematically, the configuration of two arms that branches from the mobile base results in a serial-to-parallel kinematic structure. In order to respond to external disturbances, this serial-to-parallel kinematic structure makes inverse kinematic computations non-trivial, as the motion of the base has to take the needs of both arms into account. Instead of using the dual-arm kinematics directly, we propose to use a virtual kinematic chain (VKC) to specify the common motion of the two arms. We formulate a constraint-based programming solution which consists of two parts. In the first part, we use an extended serial kinematic chain including the mobile base and the VKC to formulate constraints that realize the desired orientation and translation expressed in the world frame. In the second part, we use the resolved VKC motion to constrain the common motion of the two arms. In order to explore the redundancy of the two arms in an optimization framework, we also provide a VKC-oriented manipulability measure as well as its closed-form gradient. We verify the proposed approach with simulations and experiments that are performed on a PR2 robot, which has two 7 degrees of freedom (DoF) arms and a 3 DoF mobile base.
Together we are strong—cell wall integrity sensors in yeasts

The integrity of the fungal cell wall is ensured by a signal transduction pathway, the so‐called CWI pathway, which has best been studied in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this context, environmental stress and other perturbations at the cell surface are detected by a small set of plasma membrane‐spanning sensors, viz. Wsc1, Wsc2, Wsc3, Mid2 and Mtl1. This review covers the recent advances in sensor structure, sensor mechanics, their cellular distribution and their in vivo functions, obtained from genetic, biochemical, cell biological and biophysical investigations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Values and beliefs about consequences related to smoking among pregnant and non-pregnant women

Summary The purpose of the study was to test a model based on the product of value and belief, called expected utility (EU), on the addictive behaviour of smoking. A total of 40 pregnant and 40 non-pregnant women over a period of 2 weeks performed judgements on values and beliefs about consequences related to smoking for the conditions of continuing and stopping smoking. There were no differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women in the EU of smoking. Differences in expected utility between the conditions of continuing and stopping smoking were larger for health consequences compared with psychological and social consequences and consequences related to pregnancy. Expected utility gives a good description of judgements over time. Values as well as beliefs related to health consequences should be stressed in smoking cessation programmes, especially among pregnant women.
Potential diagnostic implications of miR-144 overexpression in human oesophageal cancer

Background & objectives: Insidious symptomatology, late clinical presentation and poor prognosis of oesophageal cancer (EC) highlight the pressing need for novel non-invasive biomarkers for early tumour diagnosis and better prognosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating and tissue miR-144 expression in oesophageal cancer. Methods: Clinical significance of miR-144 expression was evaluated in preneoplastic (12) and neoplastic (35) oesophageal cancer tissues as well as matched distant non-malignant tissues using real-time PCR (qPCR). Circulating levels of miR-144 were also analyzed in serum samples of EC patients as well as normal individuals to determine the diagnostic potential of miR-144. Further, targets of miR-144 were predicted using bioinformatic tools and their gene ontology (GO) terms were assigned. Results: Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of miR-144 in 29 of 35 (83%) EC tissues as compared to matched distant non-malignant tissues (P=0.010). All the dysplastic tissues showed upregulation of miR-144 as compared to their matched distant non-malignant tissues. Relative levels of circulating miR-144 in serum significantly distinguished EC patients from normal controls (P=0.015; AUC = 0.731) with high sensitivity of 94.7 per cent. Bioinformatically predicted target, PUR-aplha (PURA) was found to be significantly (P=0.018) downregulated in 81 per cent (26/32) EC patients and its expression was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with miR-144 expression at mRNA level. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed significant upregulation of miR-144 in serum samples of EC patients indicating its potential as minimally invasive marker. Further studies need to be done to understand the role of miR-144 in the pathogenesis of EC.
Frequency of obstructive and mixed sleep apneas in 1,023 infants.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To collect normative data on the frequency of obstructive and mixed sleep apneas in healthy infants. STUDY DESIGN 1100 infants were recorded during one night in a sleep laboratory. SETTING the recordings were performed in an infant sleep laboratory. PATIENTS The recordings of 1023 infants were used for analysis, the data of 77 infants being excluded because of poor recording quality. The infants were born full-term, were healthy at the time of study, had no history of apnea and were aged between 2 and 28 weeks. The polysomnographic recordings were analyzed visually and were subdivided according to the age of the subjects into 2-7 weeks, 8-11 weeks, 12-15 weeks, 16-19 weeks and 20-27 weeks of life. INTERVENTIONS NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS At 2-7 weeks of life, obstructive apneas (p=.013) and mixed apneas (p=.004) were significantly more frequent than at any other age group. At 8 to 11 weeks of life, obstructive apneas were significantly more frequent in boys than girls (p=.016). CONCLUSIONS The present findings add to our knowledge of infants' respiratory characteristics during sleep.
IMPLEMENTATION OF HIGH SPEED AREA EFFICIENT ARITHMETIC UNIT USING VEDIC MATHEMATICS

High speed Arithmetic Units (AUs) are widely used in architectures used in signal and image processing applications. AUs involve multifunctions and have multiplier as the critical element. In this paper, we present design and implementation of high speed and area efficient AU using Vedic algorithm. The work uses a simple “vertical and crosswise sutra” of Vedic mathematics to produce low complexity Partial Product (PP) generation unit in multiplier which reduces critical delay. Implementation results using TSMC 180 nm CMOS process with CADENCE Encounter Digital Implementation of the proposed AU revealed delay and Area-Delay Product (ADP) reductions of 13.7% and 19.2% respectively compared to prior recent approaches.
Preventing untestedness in data‐flow based testing

A large number of path‐oriented testing criteria have been proposed in the last twenty years. Surprisingly, almost all of them suffer from a serious weakness, which is called the untestedness syndrome: even though a criterion is satisfied, some statements of the program under test may remain ‘untested’, i.e., the observed test output does not depend on them. A new data‐flow based testing criterion is introduced which does not suffer from untestedness, called the All Program Function (APF) criterion. Intuitively, it requires that each possible computation to every output statement in a program be covered by some test; but for lots of programs APF would require an infinite number of tests. A second, applicable criterion is thus introduced, derived from APF and called the Basic Program Function (BPF) criterion. BPF leaves no statement untested and yields finite test suites. Some examples show the application of BPF and investigate the failure‐detection capability of the proposed criterion. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinate expression and proliferative role of HOXB genes in activated adult T lymphocytes

We investigated the expression of HOXB cluster genes in purified phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated T lymphocytes from normal adult peripheral blood by reverse transcription PCR and RNase protection. These genes are not expressed in quiescent T cells, except for barely detectable B1 RNA. After the PHA stimulus, HOXB gene activation initiates coordinately as a rapid induction wave in the 3'-->5' cluster direction (i.e., from HOXB1 through B9 genes). Thus, (i) expression of the foremost 3'-located B1 and B2 genes peaks 10 min after PHA addition and then rapidly declines, (ii) activation of B3, B4, and B5 begins 10 min after PHA addition and peaks at later times (i.e., at 120 min for B5), (iii) B6, B7, and B9 are expressed at a low level starting at later times (45 to 60 min), and (iv) B8 remains silent. Treatment of PHA-activated T lymphocytes with antisense oligonucleotides to B2 or B4 mRNA causes a drastic inhibition of T-cell proliferation and a decreased expression of T-cell activation markers (i.e., interleukin 2 and transferrin receptors). Similarly, treatment of CEM-CCRF, Peer, and SEZ627 T acute lymphocytic leukemia cell lines with anti-B4 oligomer markedly inhibits cell proliferation. Finally, T cells stimulated by a low dosage of PHA in the presence of 1 microM retinoic acid show a marked increase of both HOXB expression, particularly B2, and cell proliferation. These studies provide novel evidence on the role of HOX genes in adult cell proliferation. (i) Coordinate, early activation of HOXB genes from the 3'-->5' cluster side apparently underlies T-cell activation. (ii) The expression pattern in adult PHA-activated T cells is strikingly similar to that observed in retinoic acid-induced teratocarcinoma cells (A. Simeone, D. Acampora, L. Arcioni, P. W. Andres, E. Boncinelli, and F. Mavilio, Nature (London) 346:763-766, 1990), thus suggesting that molecular mechanisms underlying HOX gene expression in the earliest stages of development may also operate in activated adult T lymphocytes.
Interdisciplinary Innovative Education Based on Modular Robot Platform

Mobile robotics has been used widely in education as a learning tool, as it provides a motivating and interesting tool to perform laboratory experiments within the context of mechatronics, electronics, microcomputer, and control. Lego Mindstorms has been successfully applied at introductory level. However, the number of I/O ports and the processing capacities is very limited and thus is inappropriate for advanced classes at universities. This paper presents the concepts of our modular security and patrol robot with the characteristics of scalability, modularity, flexibility and easy operation. The robot innovative platform made it possible for the students to practice and learn many necessary skills, like collaboration, cognitive skills, self-confidence, perception, and spatial understanding. Interdisciplinary innovative education based on modular robot platform focuses on developing creativity, collaboration, practicing skill, innate ability and personality instead of just imparting knowledge. It is student-oriented and career-oriented. The encouraging results demonstrate that students learn to design and give creative solution to given problems from an interdisciplinary point of view.
Geometry of the semicircular canals and extraocular muscles in rodents, lagomorphs, felids and modern humans

The vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) exacts compensatory movements of the extraocular muscles in response to stimulation of the semicircular canals to allow gaze fixation during head movements. In this study, the spatial relationships of these muscles and canals were investigated to assess their relative alignments in mammalian species commonly used in studies of the VOR. The head region of each specimen was scanned using magnetic resonance imaging and 28 anatomical landmarks were recorded from the images to define the six extraocular muscles and the anatomical planes of the three semicircular canals. The vector rotation of a semicircular canal that does not stimulate either of its two sister canals, referred to as the prime direction, was also calculated as an estimate of the maximal response plane. Significant misalignments were found between the extraocular muscles and the canals by which they are principally stimulated in most of the species under study. The deviations from parallel orientation were most pronounced in the human and rabbit samples. There were also significant departures from orthogonality between the semicircular canals in most species. Only the guinea pig displayed no significant difference from 90° in any of its three inter‐canal angles, although humans and rabbits deviated from orthogonality in just one semicircular canal pair – the anterior and posterior canals. The prime directions were found to deviate considerably from the anatomical canal planes (by over 20° in rats). However, these deviations were not always compensatory, i.e. prime planes were not always more closely aligned with the muscle planes. Results support the view that the vestibular frame remains relatively stable and that the spatial mismatch with the extraocular co‐ordinate frame is principally driven by realignment of the muscles as a result of changes in the position of the orbits within the skull (orbital convergence and frontation).
Dynamic changes of RNA-sequencing expression for precision medicine: N-of-1-pathways Mahalanobis distance within pathways of single subjects predicts breast cancer survival

Motivation: The conventional approach to personalized medicine relies on molecular data analytics across multiple patients. The path to precision medicine lies with molecular data analytics that can discover interpretable single-subject signals (N-of-1). We developed a global framework, N-of-1-pathways, for a mechanistic-anchored approach to single-subject gene expression data analysis. We previously employed a metric that could prioritize the statistical significance of a deregulated pathway in single subjects, however, it lacked in quantitative interpretability (e.g. the equivalent to a gene expression fold-change). Results: In this study, we extend our previous approach with the application of statistical Mahalanobis distance (MD) to quantify personal pathway-level deregulation. We demonstrate that this approach, N-of-1-pathways Paired Samples MD (N-OF-1-PATHWAYS-MD), detects deregulated pathways (empirical simulations), while not inflating false-positive rate using a study with biological replicates. Finally, we establish that N-OF-1-PATHWAYS-MD scores are, biologically significant, clinically relevant and are predictive of breast cancer survival (P < 0.05, n = 80 invasive carcinoma; TCGA RNA-sequences). Conclusion: N-of-1-pathways MD provides a practical approach towards precision medicine. The method generates the magnitude and the biological significance of personal deregulated pathways results derived solely from the patient’s transcriptome. These pathways offer the opportunities for deriving clinically actionable decisions that have the potential to complement the clinical interpretability of personal polymorphisms obtained from DNA acquired or inherited polymorphisms and mutations. In addition, it offers an opportunity for applicability to diseases in which DNA changes may not be relevant, and thus expand the ‘interpretable ‘omics’ of single subjects (e.g. personalome). Availability and implementation: http://www.lussierlab. net/publications/N-of-1-pathways. Contact: yves@email.arizona. edu or piegorsch@math.arizona. edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Kidney dysfunction at the time of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with increased in-hospital mortality: a retrospective observational cohort study

Abstract Objective: Renal dysfunction has been implicated as a risk factor for adverse outcomes after numerous cardiovascular events including stroke. However, most of the stroke studies have focused on long-term results and have primarily examined ischemic stroke. Therefore, we aimed to determine if renal dysfunction was associated with increased initial in-hospital mortality after intracerbral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: Our retrospective, observational, cohort chart review evaluated the relationship between in-hospital mortality after ICH and renal function, assessed from admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the abbreviated modification of diet in renal disease equation, in 101 consecutive cases. Results: Survivors had higher admission eGFRs than those who died (88±37 versus 59±33 ml/minute/1·73 m2; P<0·001). Similarly, mortality was higher in patients with eGFR <90 versus those >90 ml/minute/1·73 m2 (40% versus 15%; P = 0·009). Univariate analysis indicated that in-hospital death was associated with intraventricular hemorrhage, ICH volume, age, eGFR <90 ml/minute/1·73 m2, and admission values of serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (P<0·05). Multivariable logistic regression (controlled for confounding variables) revealed that admission eGFR was an independent predictor of death; odds ratio 0·96; 95% confidence interval 0·92–0·99. We also found a negative correlation between eGFR and lesion size (P = 0·041); the lower the eGFR, the larger the lesion. Conclusion: Renal dysfunction was an independent predictor of initial in-hospital mortality after stroke and hence may stratify risk in ICH patients.
A sensory system for robots using evolutionary artificial neural networks

The thesis presents the research involved with developing an Intelligent Vision System for an animat that can analyse a visual scene in uncontrolled environments. Inspiration was drawn both from Biological Visual Systems and Artificial Image Recognition Systems. Several Biological Systems including the Insect, Toad and Human Visual Systems were studied alongside popular Pattern Recognition Systems such as fully connected Feedforward Networks, Modular Neural Networks and the Neocognitron. The developed system, called the Distributed Neural Network (DNN) was based on the sensory-motor connections in the common toad, Bufo Bufo. The sparsely connected network architecture has features of modularity enhanced by the presence of lateral inhibitory connections. It was implemented using Evolutionary Artificial Neural Networks (EANN). A novel method called ˜FUSION was used to train the DNN, which is an amalgamation of several concepts of learning in Artificial Neural Networks such as Unsupervised Learning, Supervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Competitive Learning, Self-organisation and Fuzzy Logic. The DNN has unique feature detecting capabilities. When the DNN was tested using images that comprised of combination of features used in the training set, the DNN was successful in recognising individual features. The combinations of features were never used in the training set. This is a unique feature of the DNN trained using Fusion that cannot be matched by any other popular ANN architecture or training method. The system proved to be robust in dealing with New and Noisy Images. The unique features of the DNN make the network suitable for applications in robotics such as obstacle avoidance and terrain recognition, where the environment is unpredictable. The network can also be used in the field of Medical Imaging, Biometrics (Face and Finger Print Recognition) and Quality Inspection in the Food Processing Industry and applications in other uncontrolled environments.
Application of Pressure-Sensitive Paints to Unsteady and High-Speed Flows

The Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique allows the global pressure mapping of surfaces under aerodynamic conditions. The present study involves the application of Tris- Bathophenanthroline Ruthenium Perchlorate based PSP, developed in-house, to two different cases; a) the flow through a sonic nozzle, and b) the examination of the effect of dimples on glancing shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions at transonic speeds.