Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inference of peak density of indirect branches to detect ROP attacks

A program subject to a Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) attack usually presents an execution trace with a high frequency of indirect branches. From this observation, several researchers have proposed to monitor the density of these instructions to detect ROP attacks. These techniques use universal thresholds: the density of indirect branches that characterizes an attack is the same for every application. This paper shows that universal thresholds are easy to circumvent. As an alternative, we introduce an inter-procedural semi-context-sensitive static code analysis that estimates the maximum density of indirect branches possible for a program. This analysis determines detection thresholds for each application; thus, making it more difficult for attackers to compromise programs via ROP. We have used an implementation of our technique in LLVM to find specific thresholds for the programs in SPEC CPU2006. By comparing these thresholds against actual execution traces of corresponding programs, we demonstrate the accuracy of our approach. Furthermore, our algorithm is practical: it finds an approximate solution to a theoretically undecidable problem, and handles programs with up to 700 thousand assembly instructions in 25 minutes.
Easyfig: a genome comparison visualizer

Summary: Easyfig is a Python application for creating linear comparison figures of multiple genomic loci with an easy-to-use graphical user interface. BLAST comparisons between multiple genomic regions, ranging from single genes to whole prokaryote chromosomes, can be generated, visualized and interactively coloured, enabling a rapid transition between analysis and the preparation of publication quality figures. Availability: Easyfig is freely available (under a GPL license) for download (for Mac OS X, Unix and Microsoft Windows) from the SourceForge web site: http://easyfig.sourceforge. net/. Contact: s.beatson@uq.edu. au
Complex postglacial recolonization inferred from population genetic structure of mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii in tributaries of eastern Lake Michigan, U.S.A.

This study used analyses of the genetic structure of a non-game fish species, the mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii to hypothesize probable recolonization routes used by cottids and possibly other Laurentian Great Lakes fishes following glacial recession. Based on samples from 16 small streams in five major Lake Michigan, U.S.A. , tributary basins, significant interpopulation differentiation was documented (overall FST = 0·235). Differentiation was complex, however, with unexpectedly high genetic similarity among basins as well as occasionally strong differentiation within basins, despite relatively close geographic proximity of populations. Genetic dissimilarities were identified between eastern and western populations within river basins, with similarities existing between eastern and western populations across basins. Given such patterns, recolonization is hypothesized to have occurred on three occasions from more than one glacial refugium, with a secondary vicariant event resulting from reduction in the water level of ancestral Lake Michigan. By studying the phylogeography of a small, non-game fish species, this study provides insight into recolonization dynamics of the region that could be difficult to infer from game species that are often broadly dispersed by humans.
Participants' compliance and experiences with self-tracking using a smartphone sensing app

Self-tracking studies using smartphone sensing apps provide researchers with a great deal of detailed personal behavioral data. These methods promise to provide many insights into the links between everyday behaviors and well-being outcomes (e.g., physical and mental health). However, a better understanding of participants' compliance and experiences with self-tracking using smartphones is needed. Here we report on preliminary findings from a large scale self-tracking assignment that college students (N = 575) completed within the context of an online course. Specifically, we explored (1) compliance rates during the 14 days of the self-tracking assignment, and (2) students' experiences with the self-tracking assignment (e.g., satisfaction, perceived intrusiveness, self-insight). We also explored differences among iOS and Android users and discuss how the findings can be used in future study design.
Identification of genotype-correlated sensitivity to selective kinase inhibitors by using high-throughput tumor cell line profiling

Kinase inhibitors constitute an important new class of cancer drugs, whose selective efficacy is largely determined by underlying tumor cell genetics. We established a high-throughput platform to profile 500 cell lines derived from diverse epithelial cancers for sensitivity to 14 kinase inhibitors. Most inhibitors were ineffective against unselected cell lines but exhibited dramatic cell killing of small nonoverlapping subsets. Cells with exquisite sensitivity to EGFR, HER2, MET, or BRAF kinase inhibitors were marked by activating mutations or amplification of the drug target. Although most cell lines recapitulated known tumor-associated genotypes, the screen revealed low-frequency drug-sensitizing genotypes in tumor types not previously associated with drug susceptibility. Furthermore, comparing drugs thought to target the same kinase revealed striking differences, predictive of clinical efficacy. Genetically defined cancer subsets, irrespective of tissue type, predict response to kinase inhibitors, and provide an important preclinical model to guide early clinical applications of novel targeted inhibitors.
A New Approach to Hand Tracking and Gesture Recognition by a New Feature Type and HMM

In this paper, we introduce a hand gesture recognition system to recognize real time gestures in Vietnamese sign language system. In our system, there are three modules: real time hand tracking, training gesture and gesture recognition using pseudo two dimension hidden Markov models (P2-DHMMs). In the hand tracking module, we introduce a new robust algorithm to obtain hand region, called Tower method, and use skin color for hand gesture tracking and recognition. Next, a gesture recognition system is developed, which can reliably recognize single hand gesture on a standard camera. Furthermore, we propose a new feature type in gesture recognition to improve the accuracy of overall system. In the experiments, we have tested our system to vocabulary of 29 gestures in Vietnamese sign language system (VSL), and show the effectiveness of the system and Tower method.
The application of Gaussian processes in the predictions of permeability across mammalian and polydimethylsiloxane membranes

The problem of predicting the rate of percutaneous absorption of a drug is an important issue, particular with the increasing use of the skin as a means of moderating and controlling drug delivery. One key feature of this problem domain is that human skin permeability to penetrants (often characterised by K p , the permeability coefficient) has been shown to be inherently non-linear when mathematically related to the key physicochemical parameters of penetrants. The aims of the current study were to apply and validate Gaussian process regression methods to datasets for membranes other than human skin, and to explore how the nature of the dataset may influence its analysis. Permeability data for absorption across rodent and pig skin, and polydimethylsiloxane Silastic ® membranes was collected from the literature. Two QSPR methods were applied to compare to the Gaussian process models. The results demonstrated that Gaussian process models with different covariance functions outperform the QSPR model for human, pig and rodent datasets, but in general are not good for Silastic ® membranes. These results suggest that the physicochemical parameters employed in this study might not be appropriate for developing models that represent this membrane. In addition, the results show the size of the datasets, in both absolute and comparative senses, appears to influence model quality.
Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of dobutamine hydrochloride.

PURPOSE To determine the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of a cardiovascular drug dobutamine hydrochloride. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of dobutamine was determined both by agar and broth dilution methods against 331 strains of bacteria from three gram positive and 13 gram negative genera. The antibacterial action of dobutamine was further tested in animal models. RESULTS Dobutamine was seen to possess powerful inhibitory action (5-200mg/mL) against most test bacteria in in vitro studies. It was bacteriostatic in nature. In vivo studies showed that the drug offered significant protection (p< 0.001) to mice challenged with a virulent bacterium. CONCLUSION Dobutamine showed remarkable antibacterial property against several pathogenic bacteria. Its potential as an antibacterial agent may be confirmed after further pharmacological studies.
Structure and Motion Estimation from Complex Features in Three Views

In this paper we introduce the notion of a quiver, which is a feature based on a point and a number of directions. We investigate the constraints different kinds of quivers pose on the camera geometry. In particular we study three types of quivers, having one, two and three directions respectively. For these quivers we investigate structure and motion estimation for two minimal cases. For 1-quivers, three such features seen in three affine views yields a (unique) linear solution. For three 3-quivers in three uncalibrated projective views we get up to twelve solutions, but simulations show that in most cases we get a unique solution. We also study two-quivers seen in three views, where simulations show that such features give more stable estimation of the trifocal tensor, as opposed to only using line or point information.
A Relevant Analysis of Natural Deduction

Linear and other relevant logics have been studied widely in mathematical, philosophical and computational logic. We describe a logical framework, RLF, for defining natural deduction presentations of such logics. RLF consists in a language togeth er, in a manner similar to that of Harper, Honsell and Plotkin’s LF, with a representation mec hanism: the language of RLF is the λΛ-calculus; the representation mechanism is judgements-as -type , developed for relevant logics. The λΛ-calculus type theory is a first-order dependent type theory with two kinds of dependent function spaces: a linear one and an intuitionistic one. We study a natural deduction presentation of the type theory and establish the required p oof-theoretic meta-theory. The RLF framework is a conservative extension of LF. We show that RLF uniformly encodes (fragments of) intuitionistic linear logic, Curry’sλI -calculus and ML with references. We describe the Curry-Howard-de Bruijn correspondence of t heλΛ-calculus with a structural fragment of O’Hearn and Pym’s logic BI of bunched implicatio ns. We show that a categorical semantics of the λΛ-calculus is given by Kripke resource models, which are a monoid-indexed set of Kripke functors. The index ing monoid is seen as providing an account of resource consumption. The models can be seen as a indexed formulation of categorical models of Read’s bunches. We also study a Gentzenized version of the λΛ-calculus, and prove a cut-elimination theorem for it. Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen Mary and Westfield College University of London April, 1999
Value and Risks of Expiring Carbon Credits from CDM Afforestation and Reforestation

The Milan conference of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change has established two types of emission offsets under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), valid for afforestation and reforestation activities. In order to account for the non-permanent nature of carbon storage in forests, these credits expire after a predefined periods, after which the buyer needs to replace them. The present article assesses their market value in relation to ? permanent? credits, identifies their specific risks and proposes how to mitigate and manage them. It analyzes strengths and weaknesses of expiring credits for sellers and buyers. Taking the example of the EU emissions trading system, the authors discuss how expiring credits could reach fungibility with permanent emission allowances on domestic markets.
Intravascular Ultrasound Validation of Contemporary Angiographic Scores Evaluating the Severity of Calcification in Peripheral Arteries

Purpose: To validate 3 angiographic scoring systems for peripheral artery calcification using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as the gold standard. Methods: The study employed preprocedure angiography and IVUS data from 47 patients (median age 72 years; 34 men) in the 55-patient JetStream G3 Calcium Study ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01273623) to validate the 3 angiographic scoring systems [Peripheral Academic Research Consortium (PARC), Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS), and the DEFINITIVE Ca++ trial]. Preprocedure angiograms were analyzed using conventional quantitative vessel analysis software in 2 orthogonal views. Calcium length was evaluated by markers placed beside the artery during the procedure; calcium deposit(s) were assessed as being on one or both sides of the vessel wall. The 3 calcium scoring systems used these 2 basic angiographic elements to evaluate calcium severity. Based on these criteria, calcium severity varied from none to focal, mild, moderate, or severe in PARC; grade 0 to 4 in PACSS; and none, moderate, or severe in the DEFINITIVE Ca++ system. Calcium location on IVUS was classified as superficial, deep, or mixed. Lesion length was the segment between the most normal looking proximal and distal reference sites. Superficial, deep, and calcium length were based on motorized IVUS pullback. Results: IVUS detected calcium in 44/47 (93.6%) lesions, and angiography detected calcium in 26/47 (55.3%) lesions (p<0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of angiography relative to IVUS were 59%, 100%, 100%, and 14%, respectively. With increasing severity of angiographic calcium, there was a stepwise increase in the prevalence of IVUS superficial calcium and the maximum arc and length of superficial calcium. Using PARC criteria, with increasing severity of calcification, IVUS maximum calcium arc increased from 120° for none to 305° for severe (p<0.001); the length of calcium increased from 7 to 68 mm (p<0.001). Though a similar trend was seen in IVUS superficial calcium, it was not observed in IVUS deep calcium. Similar observations were seen when using the PACSS and DEFINITIVE Ca++ scoring systems. Conclusion: IVUS confirmed that the PARC, PACSS, and DEFINITIVE Ca++ calcium scoring systems can be used to classify the degree of calcium in peripheral artery disease, especially superficial calcium.
MODIFICATIONS ON RSA CRYPTOSYSTEM USING GENETIC OPTIMIZATION

This paper proposes a modified approach to data security using the concept of genetic algorithm and RSA cryptography to encrypt and decrypt the data. Genetic algorithms are a class of optimization algorithms which can be used to solve many problems through modeling a simplified version of genetic processes. Using Genetic Algorithm we can keep the strength of the key to be good, still make the whole algorithm good enough. We introduce a modified ciphering technique that lead to a modified ciphering system that can be used in encrypting data. This system is combination of symmetrical system using Genetic algorithm Inspired Cryptography and asymmetrical system using RSA cryptography to make the key very complex to reinforce resistance to cryptanalysis. The first operation is asymmetrical using genetic optimization to generate the key. The second operation of the modified ciphering technique is by using RSA algorithm. The key produced is non-repeating and thus making the cipher almost difficult to break. The feature of such an approach includes high data security and high feasibility for practical implementation.
Gastric Metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma, Clear Cell Type, Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 80–85% of all primary renal neoplasms. Although RCC can metastasize to any organ, gastric metastases from RCC are exceedingly rare. A 67-year-old male presented with melena and acute blood loss anemia. The patient had a history of RCC that had been treated with a radical nephrectomy. He had a recent myocardial infarction and was receiving double antiplatelet therapy. After hemodynamic stabilization, esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a polypoid mass in the gastric fundus. The mass was excised. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation were consistent with clear cell RCC. The polypoid lesion is consistent with a late solitary metastasis.
Vesicoureteral reflux in hospitalized children with urinary tract infection: the clinical value of pelvic ectasia on renal ultrasound, inflammatory responses and demographic data.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to determine whether renal pelvis dilation on ultrasound was reliable in predicting vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to assess the relationship of other clinical information of VUR in children with urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical data, renal echo, and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) results in hospitalized children with their first episode of UTI, aged from 1 month to 5 years, during a 1-year period. RESULTS There were 114 children with 228 kidneys eligible for the study. Unilateral pelvis size greater than 8 mm had 2.4 (p = 0.049, 95% CI: 1.0-5.9) and 3.7 (p = 0.025, 95% CI: 1.2-11.3) times greater risk for VUR and severe reflux, respectively. The sensitivity in detecting severe reflux was 27.8%, and the specificity was 90.5%. The positive and negative predictive values in suggesting severe VUR were 20.0% and 93.6%, respectively. The sum of bilateral pelvis sizes greater than 16 mm had higher risk for VUR and severe reflux (4.1 and 4.6 times) and similar specificity and negative predictive value for severe reflux. Age, gender, C-reactive protein, leukocytosis, pyuria and acute pyelonephritis did not show significant relationships to the reflux. CONCLUSIONS Unilateral pelvis size greater than 8 mm or the sum of the bilateral pelvis sizes greater than 16 mm was associated with VUR, especially severe VUR. The possibility of severe reflux was lower than 10% when the reverse criteria were applied. However, the dilation of the renal pelvis did not predict all VUR precisely. We concluded that VCUG should still be performed in hospitalized children with UTI.
Analytical On-Load Subdomain Field Model of Permanent-Magnet Vernier Machines

Permanent-magnet vernier machine (PMVM) is a relatively new type of PM machines. An analytical subdomain model accounting for tooth-tips and flux modulation poles is developed to accurately predict on-load field distributions in PMVMs. Based on two-dimensional (2-D) polar coordinate and magnetic vector potential, this method solves the Maxwell's equations in slot, air-gap, flux modulation pole slot (FMPS), and PM regions. Consequently, the electromagnetic performance such as cogging torque, back-electromotive force (EMF), electromagnetic torque, power factor, and magnet loss are calculated. In addition, the model can also be used for the evaluation of demagnetization withstand capability. The finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental results validate the accuracy of the developed analytical model.
Imaginal Thinking-Based Human-Machine Design Methodology for the Configuration of Reconfigurable Machine Tools

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMSs) has emerged as an advanced system for applying Enterprise Systems (ES) in manufacturing enterprises to dynamically adapt to the changing market. Although it has been recognized that human-machine interaction plays a significant role in configuration design, especially for reconfigurable machines tools (RMTs), for the core of RMS, there are no platforms available for the harmonious interaction between human and computer, mainly because of the limitation of traditional artificial intelligence frame. In this paper, we present a human-machine design methodology for the configuration of RMTs based on imaginal thinking, a thinking style described as forming and comparison of images, which is radically different from traditional logical and intuitive thinking. The knowledge and experience that are highly relevant to mechanical design and the related information in logical deduction are organized as high dimensional images. By imitating human imaginal thinking, computer employs Lie subgroup or submanifold and Quotient kinematics to generate all possible configurations in the form of images, while humans make judgments and complete the optimization process through the imaginal human-machine interface. Both human's decision-making ability based on knowledge and experience and computer's high-speed logical computation are exploited to a full extent. This novel design methodology has illustrated its effectiveness by an example concerning the design of a pipe-cutting RMT.
Support vector machines for the classification and prediction of β‐turn types

The support vector machines (SVMs) method is proposed because it can reflect the sequence‐coupling effect for a tetrapeptide in not only a β‐turn or non‐β‐turn, but also in different types of β‐turn. The results of the model for 6022 tetrapeptides indicate that the rates of self‐consistency for β‐turn types I, I′, II, II′, VI and VIII and non‐β‐turns are 99.92%, 96.8%, 98.02%, 97.75%, 100%, 97.19% and 100%, respectively. Using these training data, the rate of correct prediction by the SVMs for a given protein: rubredoxin (54 residues, 51 tetrapeptides) which includes 12 β‐turn type I tetrapeptides, 1 β‐turn type II tetrapeptide and 38 non‐β‐turns reached 82.4%. The high quality of prediction of the SVMs implies that the formation of different β‐turn types or non‐β‐turns is considerably correlated with the sequence of a tetrapeptide. The SVMs can save CPU time and avoid the overfitting problem compared with the neural network method. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AMBIENT RADIOFREQUENCY POWER: THE IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF DEVICES IN A WI-FI NETWORK

This paper considers how the total radiofrequency power varies as the number of devices in a Wi-Fi network increases. Under the assumption that all devices in the network always have data to transmit, we show that work from network engineering can be adapted to calculate the total transmitted power, accounting for the possibility of multiple devices transmitting at the same time. The paper focuses on total transmitted power as it gives an upper bound on exposure and makes the impact of multiple devices clear. The results show that the number of devices does have a significant impact on the radiated power. For example, one station transmitting small packets in unicast mode gives about half the nominal power value; to reach nominal value around 25 devices are required, and 150% of the nominal value is achieved around 350 devices. We see that 802.11’s transmission protocol is usually effective in limiting the power even in very large 802.11 networks.