Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Architecture and functional structure of transmission control protocol over various networks applications

The communication functions and applications divided into layers, and each device or terminal has a assigned ’stack’ in these layers, where that permit each layer to speak and address the corresponding stack in other layers. That is one of the benefits of layering: the ability to change a layer without requiring other layers to change as well, as long as the service and semantics provided by the layer remain intact. The fourth layer in layered model is transport layer where the protocols can provide a tight connection between any two hosts or more than two. Also it provides explicit of data transferring between end terminals or users, and that will help the upper layers from any involvement to provide reliable and cost-effective in transferring data in links, even it will control the reliability of a given links. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is a basic communication language, and a connection oriented protocol tied with transport layer consists of collection of rules and procedures to control communication between links. TCP offers important features of flow control, reliability, congestion control, and connection management. This article provide full-overview to the network layering based on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model and explains the architecture and the functional structure of TCP over transport layer and analyzes the factors and parameters that effect on TCP behavior and performance.
Compact Cross Shaped Slit Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna for GNSS Applications

A compact single feed circularly polarized micro strip antenna with cross shaped slits is proposed for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) applications. In this paper, four cross shaped slits are embedded at the corners of a cross slot loaded square patch thus improving axial ratio bandwidth. In addition, five cross slots are cut on the ground plane for achieving better compactness and superior return loss. The proposed structure is about 60% compact in size when compared with the conventional micro strip antenna design. It has also been observed that the resonant frequency is highly dependent on length and width of the centred cross slot and embedded corner cross slits. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth achieved is 2.2%.
Dislocation Mobility in Two-Dimensional Lennard-Jones Material

Abstract In seeking to understand at a microscopic level the response of dislocations to stress, we have undertaken to study as completely as possible the simplest case: a single dislocation in a two-dimensional crystal. The intention is that results from this study will be used as input parameters in larger length scale simulations involving many defects. We present atomistic simulations of defect motion in a two-dimensional material consisting of atoms interacting through a modified Lennard–Jones potential. We focus on the regime where the shear stress is smaller than its critical value, where there is a finite energy barrier for the dislocation to hop one lattice spacing. In this regime motion of the dislocation will occur as single hops through thermal activation over the barrier. Accurate knowledge of the barrier height is crucial for obtaining rates of such processes. We have calculated the energy barrier as a function of two components of the stress tensor in a small system, and have obtained good fits to a functional form with only a few adjustable parameters. We examine prefactors, finite temperature and dynamics.
Accurate garment surface analysis using an active stereo robot head with application to dual-arm flattening

We present a visually guided, dual-arm, industrial robot system that is capable of autonomously flattening garments by means of a novel visual perception pipeline that fully interprets high-quality RGB-D images of a clothing scene based on an active stereo robot head. A segmented clothing range map is B-Spline smoothed prior to being parsed by means of shape and topology analysis into `wrinkle' structures. The length, width and height of each wrinkle is used to quantify the topology of each wrinkle and thereby rank wrinkles by size such that a greedy algorithm can identify the largest wrinkle present. A flattening plan optimised for the largest detected wrinkle is formulated based on dual-arm manipulation. We report the validation of our autonomous flattening behaviour and observe that dual-arm flattening requires significantly fewer manipulation iterations than single-arm flattening. Our experimental results also reveal that the flattening process is heavily influenced by the quality of the RGB-D sensor: use of a custom off-the-shelf high-resolution stereo-based sensor system outperformed a commercial low-resolution kinect-like camera in terms of required flattening iterations.
CCR5 Levels and Expression Pattern Correlate with Infectability by Macrophage-tropic HIV-1, In Vitro

Chemokine receptors serve as coreceptors for HIV entry into CD4+ cells. Their expression is thought to determine the tropism of viral strains for different cell types, and also to influence susceptibility to infection and rates of disease progression. Of the chemokine receptors, CCR5 is the most important for viral transmission, since CCR5 is the principal receptor for primary, macrophage-tropic viruses, and individuals homozygous for a defective CCR5 allele (Δ32/ Δ32) are highly resistant to infection with HIV-1. In this study, CCR5-specific mAbs were generated using transfectants expressing high levels of CCR5. The specificity of these mAbs was confirmed using a broad panel of chemokine receptor transfectants, and by their non-reactivity with T cells from Δ32/Δ32 individuals. CCR5 showed a distinct pattern of expression, being abundant on long-term activated, IL-2–stimulated T cells, on a subset of effector/memory T cells in blood, and on tissue macrophages. A comparison of normal and CCR5 Δ32 heterozygotes revealed markedly reduced expression of CCR5 on T cells from the heterozygotes. There was considerable individual to individual variability in the expression of CCR5 on blood T cells, that related to factors other than CCR5 genotype. Low expression of CCR5 correlated with the reduced infectability of T cells with macrophage-tropic HIV-1, in vitro. Anti-CCR5 mAbs inhibited the infection of PBMC by macrophage-tropic HIV-1 in vitro, but did not inhibit infection by T cell–tropic virus. Anti-CCR5 mAbs were poor inhibitors of chemokine binding, indicating that HIV-1 and ligands bind to separate, but overlapping regions of CCR5. These results illustrate many of the important biological features of CCR5, and demonstrate the feasibility of blocking macrophage-tropic HIV-1 entry into cells with an anti-CCR5 reagent.
An exploration of language identification techniques for the Dutch folktale database

The Dutch Folktale Database contains fairy tales, traditional legends, urban legends, and jokes written in a large variety and combination of languages including (Middle and 17th century) Dutch, Frisian and a number of Dutch dialects. In this work we compare a number of approaches to automatic language identification for this collection. We show that in comparison to typical language identification tasks, classification performance for highly similar languages with little training data is low. The studied dataset consisting of over 39,000 documents in 16 languages and dialects is available on request for followup research.
Similar Documents Retrieval to Help Browsing and Editing in Digital Repositories

The fast growth of electronic text collections (in particular, the Web) and the diversity of available documents immensely increased the difficulty to retrieve relevant documents in an efficient way. A variety of Web search engines have been built to help users in this task. These systems, however, lack precision in the retrieved documents. Different solutions to improve retrieval precision have been proposed, however they did not show to be satisfactory so far. Investigating a new approach to this problem, we developed the ActiveSearch system, a standalone application for suggesting to the user similar documents to the one being browsed or edited. It processes different document formats (e.g., HTML, DOC) in different repositories, focusing on the Internet, local area networks and local directories. Once activated, the system consults the repository being accessed by the user and reorders the list of retrieved documents according to their similarity to the current document's content and format, considering as well the user's preferences (registered in the user's profile). The documents in the reordered list may further be grouped into dynamic clusters, in order to facilitate the visualization of the results. Undergone tests showed a very good system's performance, with precision rates of 57%. The system's performance was compared to the Google Toolbar, showing a superiority of 34 percentile points in the precision rate.
Acute type-a dissection in a patient with severe hemophilia A.

EMOPHILIA A is a rare coagulation disorder characterized by low circulating levels of factor VIII of the coagulation cascade and an increased hazard of bleeding. Hemophilia A is classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the circulating levels of factor VIII. In recent decades, considerable advances have been made in the management of hemophilia, and, as a result, the life expectancy of many hemophiliacs currently is estimated to be 60 to 70 years. 1 Thus, a broad new spectrum of pathologies is increasing in this population, such as acquired heart disease, some of which require specific and urgent management. Acute type-A aortic dissection is a life-threatening emergency condition associated with high mortality rates. Early complex surgical intervention is required, during which coagulopathy is often an important issue. The present report presents a case of a man with known severe hemophilia A who was treated urgently for acute type-A dissection. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with hemophilia A and acute type-A dissection in the current literature. Challenging patient management issues are presented and therapeutic strategies are suggested for this rare combined clinical entity.
Computational Neuroscience

for the basal ganglia in controlling information access to working memory during certain cognitive tasks. In addition, several theoretical studies have also proposed potential mechanisms that would allow a given group of cells to regulate the propagation of action potentials between distinct sets of cortical neurons. Some of these studies place the bulk of these mechanisms within the connectivity of the cortex (Vogels and Abbott, 2009), while others (Kepecs and Raghavachari, 2007) suggest instead a central role for a class of neurons whose membrane potentials oscillate between two discrete (so-called " up " and " down ") values (Cowan and Wilson, 1994). At a larger scale, it has also been proposed that gating mechanisms , by their ability to manage the flow of information traveling between distinct cortical regions, might play a key role in the creation of the brain activity coding for behaviors (Bressler, 1995; Gisiger and Kerszberg, 2007). According to this viewpoint, the coordinated action of gating mechanisms would select the corti-cal regions required for a given behavior, put them in interaction with each other in a timely fashion, and produce the streams of neural computations necessary to accomplish the behavior at hand (Bressler, 1995). Support for this proposal was provided by studies featuring neural network models equipped with gating mechanisms , and designed to perform simple memory tasks. Simulations showed that these models were able to perform such memory tasks while at the same time successfully reproducing electro-physiological data gathered on the cortex of primates performing these same tasks (Gisiger et al.
Force Ripple Compensation in Linear Motors Based on Closed-Loop Position-Dependent Identification

Permanent-magnet linear synchronous motors can serve as direct-drive actuators for machine tools and production machines, whenever high dynamic performance are required. Since compliance in transmission elements is eliminated, higher control bandwidths can be achieved, when compared to traditional solutions based on conversion from rotational to linear motion. Like their rotational counterparts, these motors are, however, affected by a ripple, in the form of parasitic and undesired force pulsations. In this paper, a compensation scheme of force ripple is proposed, based on a simple and compact model of the disturbance. The compensation requires a preliminary identification stage that simply consists of a couple of controlled motions at constant and very low velocity. The compensation term is then applied in parallel to the position/velocity controller, as a function of the linear position of the motor. A robustness analysis is performed based on a convenient formulation of the closed-loop system, as well as on a Lyapunov argument. Experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of the method are reported, even when compared to a traditional force disturbance observer.
Natural immunity to pluripotency antigen OCT4 in humans

OCT4 is a transcription factor critical for the pluripotency of human embryonal stem (ES) and induced pluipotency stem (IPS) cells. OCT4 is commonly expressed in germ-cell tumors as well as putative cancer stem cells in several tumors, and is a key determinant of oncogenic fate in germ-cell tumors. The capacity of the human immune system to recognize this critical stem-cell gene is not known, but has implications for preventing tumors with ES/IPS-based therapies and targeting stem-cell pathways in cancer. Here we show that OCT4-specific T cells can be readily detected in freshly isolated T cells from most (>80%) healthy donors. The reactivity to OCT4-derived peptides resides primarily in the CD45RO+ memory T-cell compartment and consists predominantly of CD4+ T cells. T cells reactive against OCT4-derived peptides can be readily expanded in culture using peptide-loaded dendritic cells. In contrast to healthy donors, immunity to OCT4 was detected in only 35% of patients with newly diagnosed germ-cell tumors. However, chemotherapy of germ-cell tumors led to the induction of anti-OCT4 immunity in vivo in patients lacking such responses at baseline. These data demonstrate the surprising lack of immune tolerance to this critical pluripotency antigen in humans. Harnessing natural immunity to this antigen may allow immune-based targeting of pluripotency-related pathways for prevention of cancers, including those in the setting of ES/IPS-based therapies.
Manufacturing conductive patterns on polymeric substrates: development of a microcontact printing process

The integration of high-resolution conductive structures into polymer devices using a low-cost, rapid, and accurate manufacturing technique is important for the future of the microfluidic, photovoltaic, flexible printing, and organic electronics industries. In this study, the microcontact printing (μCP) of high-resolution conductive patterns on polymer substrates using silver nanoparticle inks and a roll-based printing equipment was empirically investigated. A process model was developed to predict the quality of the printed patterns (defined as thickness and coverage ratio) from known printing parameters, based on the statistical analysis of a set of carefully designed experiments that were informed by theoretical understanding of the μCP process. The statistically relevant variables in the process model for the pattern thickness were ink solids loading, ink viscosity, stamp feature size, and the surface energy ratio of ink to substrate. For the coverage model, the key inputs were ink solids loading, ink viscosity, stamp feature size, and inkpad thickness. The effects of these variables on the thickness and coverage of the printed patterns were quantified by a linear model derived from an orthogonal, fractional factorial experimental design with five input factors and two outputs. The extension of the process model to predict the printing behavior of other inks and substrates, and the successful printing of conductive features on polymer substrates with 5 μm resolution, were demonstrated.
Gamma-ray peak shapes from cadmium zinc telluride detectors

We report the results of a study of the peak shapes in the gamma spectra measured using several 5 x 5 x 5 mm{sup 3} cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors. A simple parameterization involving a Gaussian and an exponential low energy tail describes the peak shapes sell. We present the variation of the parameters with gamma energy. This type of information is very useful in the analysis of complex gamma spectra consisting of many peaks.
Possibility of the Increase in Titanium Sheets' Drawability

Forming of titanium sheets, especially titanium alloy sheets, is very difficult due to low drawability caused by a high ratio of the yield point to the tensile strength Re/Rm, usually more than 90%. Although drawability of titanium sheets can be enhanced by forming at elevated temperatures it is avoided due to the high costs and difficulties associated with the operation of the process. Therefore the authors have developed an unconventional stamping method allowing for forming of almost unworkable materials at ambient temperature, such as Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The paper presents both numerical simulation and experimental results of the stamping process using a device specially designed for this purpose.
Intrathecal IgG synthesis in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is decreased by natural human alpha interferon

Intrathecal IgG synthesis (IT IgG Syn) is an established biomarker used for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Earlier studies used this biomarker to assess the impact of 2 different synthetic forms of interferon alpha (IFN-α) in chronic progressive MS. Unexpectedly, IT IgG synthesis was increased by this treatment. For the first time, we have assessed this parameter in relapsing-remitting patients to measure the impact of natural IFN-α treatment in a doseranging study in six dosage groups (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, & 30 MIU). We have found that IFN-α normalized IT IgG Synthesis at 12 weeks treatment for all dosage groups. Two weeks after stopping IFN-α results rose slightly. At 52 weeks, 28 weeks after stopping IFN-a results revealed cessation of IT IgG Synthesis in half of the patients (15, 20, 25 MIU weekly). These results reflect different outcomes for relapsing-remitting patients vs. chronic progressive patients. They may, however, reflect differences in the biological properties of the interferon products used. An optimal range of dosage with natural human IFN-α dosage for MS is suggested by the results.
Suppression of PERIOD protein abundance and circadian cycling by the Drosophila clock mutation timeless.

The timeless mutation (tim) leads to loss of circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster. The effects of tim on rhythmicity involve interactions with period (per), a second essential clock gene, as the tim mutation suppresses circadian oscillations of per transcription and blocks nuclear localization of a PER reporter protein. In the present study it was found that the tim mutant constitutively produces a low level of PER protein that is comparable with that produced late in the day by wild‐type flies. In addition, it was shown that tim suppresses circadian cycling of PER protein abundance and circadian regulation of PER phosphorylation. Transfer of wild‐type flies to constant light also suppressed cycling of PER abundance and phosphorylation and produced constitutively low levels of PER. In the tim mutant there was no additional effect of constant light on PER. These results suggest that constant light and the tim mutation produce related changes in the underlying biological clock. We further suggest that the multiple effects of tim are due to a primary effect on per expression at the posttranscriptional level. The effects of tim on behavioral rhythms and per RNA cycling are therefore likely to involve effects on PER protein through previously proposed feedback mechanisms.
Learning to judge image search results

Given the explosive growth of the Web and the popularity of image sharing Web sites, image retrieval plays an increasingly important role in our daily lives. Search engines aim to provide beneficial image search results to users in response to queries. The quality of image search results depends on many factors: chosen search algorithms, ranking functions, indexing features, the base image database, etc. Applying different settings for these factors generates search result lists with varying levels of quality. Previous research has shown that no setting can always perform optimally for all queries. Therefore, given a set of search result lists generated by different settings, it is crucial to automatically determine which result list is the best in order to present it to users. This paper proposes a novel method to automatically identify the best search result list from a number of candidates. There are three main innovations in this paper. First, we propose a preference learning model to quantitatively study the best image search result identification problem. Second, we propose a set of valuable preference learning related features by exploring the visual characters of returned images. Third, our method shows promising potential in applications such as reranking ability assessment and optimal search engine selection. Experiments on two image search datasets show that our method achieves about 80% prediction accuracy for reranking ability assessment, and selects optimal search engine for about 70% queries correctly.
Dialogue and Domain Knowledge Management in Dialogue Systems

Intelligent dialogue systems must be able to respond properly to a variety of requests involving knowledge of the dialogue, the task at hand, and the domain. This requires advanced knowledge reasoning performed by various processing modules. We argue that it is important to understand the nature of the various reasoning mechanisms involved and to separate not only, for instance, interpretation, generation, and dialogue management but also domain knowledge and task reasoning. This facilitates portability of the dialogue system to new domains and makes it easier to enhance its capabilities. In this paper we will focus on the dialogue and domain knowledge reasoning components and show how they can cooperate to achieve natural interaction.
The system dynamics of group facilitation and communication; principles and problems

In this paper a theory of group facilitation and communication is introduced, based on the work of Gregory Bateson and the Palo Alto schools he founded and inspired. This theory permits an analysis of group facilitation processes on the basis of the same principles that inform system dynamic model building and simulation. Through this theory existing lists of appropriate facilitation skills and attitudes are elaborated and augmented. This leads to greater insight into the quality of the process of group model building and possible ways to evaluate that process. Ultimately, the growth and proliferation of system dynamic models and simulations depends on improvement of both process and content of modeling and simulation.
Ordered Upwind Methods for Static Hamilton-Jacobi Equations: Theory and Algorithms

We introduce a family of fast ordered upwind methods for approximating solutions to a wide class of static Hamilton-Jacobi equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Standard techniques often rely on iteration to converge to the solution of a discretized version of the partial differential equation. Our fast methods avoid iteration through a careful use of information about the characteristic directions of the underlying partial differential equation. These techniques are of complexity O(M log M), where M is the total number of points in the domain. We consider anisotropic test problems in optimal control, seismology, and paths on surfaces.