Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Play: Sports Mega-Events and Urban Social Conditions in the USA

Consider briefly how urban reputation is projected into the world. A city’s image competes with other cities’ images for recognition, prestige, and status. In the simplest of terms, we tend to think of a city as a ‘good place’ or a ‘bad place’ and position it somewhere on the global urban status hierarchy. Even a city’s name can evoke a feeling, memory, or image that may range from terrible to terrific. When coupled with sport mega-events, these reputations are especially enduring. We might, for example, think of Sydney as clean and friendly, Atlanta as traffic-congested, and Montreal as financially burdened, and images connected to the 2001 terrorist attacks in the US might long spring to mind when someone mentions Salt Lake City. Sometimes, especially in the case of tragedy or disaster, connection with place may be so powerful that the city’s name itself becomes shorthand for the event that occurred there, stigmatizing the city for years to come. Interestingly, other than naming a Treaty or an Accord after the city in which it was signed, rarely is this place/occurrence shorthand done in the case of ‘good’ events. But we need only say ‘Chernobyl’ to refer to nuclear disaster and to an entire era of nuclear regulatory failure. And events and images of the 1972 Olympic Summer Games have saturated our consciousness so thoroughly that a recent Hollywood depiction needs only one word in the title: ‘Munich’. The ‘deep play’ concept was originally coined in the 18th century by the philosophical radical Jeremy Bentham (1789) who used it to refer to a form of gambling in which the stakes are so high it is irrational to engage in it at all. Bentham argued that deep play should be outlawed because, in part, what might be won does not come close to offsetting the price of what might be lost. Clifford Geertz (1973) morphed the concept to suggest that deep play may be ‘irrational’ according to Bentham’s utilitarian standpoint, but that there are more than purely economic considerations at stake. To paraphrase Geertz, it is not the money itself, though the more of it involved, the deeper the play, but what the money causes to happen: the migration of status hierarchies into the body of the event. Thus,
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity Is Associated with Liver Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Non-Diabetic Men

Introduction: Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) may play a role in insulin resistance in obesity. However, the direction and nature of the relationship between MSNA and insulin resistance in obesity remain unclear. We hypothesized that resting MSNA would correlate inversely with both muscle and liver insulin sensitivity and that it would be higher in insulin-resistant vs. insulin-sensitive subjects. Materials and methods: Forty-five non-diabetic obese subjects were studied. As no significant relationships were found in women, the data presented in on 22 men aged 48 ± 12 years. Two-step (15 and 80 mU/m2/min) hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps were performed using deuterated glucose to determine liver and muscle insulin sensitivity. Clinical and metabolic parameters were assessed. MSNA was measured via a microelectrode inserted percutaneously into the common peroneal nerve. Results: MSNA burst frequency correlated inversely with liver insulin sensitivity (r = −0.53, P = 0.02) and positively with the hepatokines C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 (r = 0.57, P = 0.006, and r = −0.47, P = 0.03, respectively). MSNA burst frequency was lower in Liversen compared to Liverres (27 ± 5 vs. 38 ± 2 bursts per minute; P = 0.03). Muscle insulin sensitivity was unrelated to MSNA. Discussion: Sympathetic neural activation is related to liver insulin sensitivity and circulating hepatokines CRP and FGF-19 in non-diabetic obese men. These results suggest a potential hepato-endocrine-autonomic axis. Future studies are needed to clarify the influence of MSNA on liver insulin sensitivity in men.
Manipulation of dynamically deformable object

An approach to realize manipulation of elastic object in virtual environment is discussed. In the approach, the behavior of elastic object during interaction is separately described by two components: rigid-body motion and elastic deformation. The component of motion is simulated by solving equations of motion, while the component of deformation is reproduced from a set of deformation sequences in response to impulse force, or impulse response deformation model. A prototype algorithm and interface environment was built and experiments to evaluate the approach were carried out.
Modals as a Problem for MT

S u m m a r y Tim paper demonstrates tim problem of translating modal verbs and phrases and shows how some of these problems can be overcome by choosing semantic representations which look like representations of passive verbs. These semantic representations suit alternative ways of expressing modality by e.g. passive constructions, adverbs and impersonal constructions in the target language. Various restructuring rules for English, Swe(lish and Russian am presented.
Automating Geography-Based Redirection

Reliability and performance considerations have led to widespread use of mirror sites for content delivery. Based on measurements, redirection to a geographically closer replica is indeed valuable. Given an IP address, a mapping tool has to return the geographic location of the host to which the IP address has been assigned. This is a difficult problem because an IP address does not inherently possess any indication of geographic location. GeoTrack is a traceroute-based tool that tries to infer location based on the DNS names of the target host or other nearby network nodes. An IP to location mapping tool, like GeoTrack, would allow various location-aware applications on the Internet. For instance, web browser would be able to automatically select the closest mirror servers by running GeoTrack on multiple IP addresses. This introduces the problem of generating high overhead and additional Internet traffic since traceroute sends a packet to each hop on a network path. Using distribution based on several traceroute logs, we develop an algorithm that reduces the number of packets transmitted per traceroute from the average of 15-20 packets per traceroute to 3-5 packets per traceroute.
When work disappears: racial prejudice and recession labour market penalties

This paper assesses whether racial prejudice and labour market discrimination is counter-cyclical. This may occur if prejudice and discrimination are partly driven by competition over scarce resources, which intensifies during periods of economic downturn. Using British Attitudes Data spanning three decades, we find that prejudice does increase with unemployment rates. We find greater countercyclical effects for highly-educated, middle-aged, full-time employed men. For this group, a 1%-point increase in unemployment raises self-reported racial prejudice by 4.1%-points. This result suggests that non-White workers are more likely to encounter racially prejudiced employers and managers in times of higher unemployment. Consistent with the estimated attitude changes, we find using the British Labour Force Survey that racial employment and wage gaps increase with unemployment. The effects for both employment and wages are largest for high-skill Black workers. For example, a 1%-point increase in unemployment increases Black-White employment and wage gaps for the highly educated by 1.3%-points and 2.5%. Together, the attitude and labour market results imply that non-Whites disproportionately suffer during recessions. It follows that recessions exacerbate existing racial inequalities.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIβ negatively regulates invadopodia formation and suppresses an invasive cellular phenotype

The PI4KIIs play important roles in membrane trafficking through the production of PI(4)P. This study reveals a novel function of PI4KIIβ in regulating invadopodia formation and illustrates the importance of maintaining specific pools of trans-Golgi network–endosomal PI(4)P.
Alendronate prevents glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in patients with rheumatic diseases

AbstractGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is a serious problem for patients with rheumatic diseases requiring long-term glucocorticoid treatment. Alendronate, a bisphosphonate, has been recommended in the prevention of GIOP. However, the efficacy and safety of alendronate in preventing GIOP remains controversial. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of alendronate in preventing GIOP in patients with rheumatic diseases.We retrieved randomized controlled trials from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Two reviewers extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias and quality of the evidence. We calculated the risk ratio (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes, and the mean difference (MD) with a 95% CI for continuous outcomes using Review Manager, version 5.3. A total of 339 studies were found, and 9 studies (1134 patients) were included. Alendronate was not able to reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures (RR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.10–4.04, P = 0.62) and nonvertebral fractures (RR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.15–1.12, P = 0.08). Alendronate significantly increased the percent change in bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine (MD = 3.66, 95% CI: 2.58–4.74, P < 0.05), total hip (MD = 2.08, 95% CI: 0.41–3.74, P < 0.05), and trochanter (MD = 1.68, 95% CI: 0.75–2.61, P < 0.05). Significant differences were not observed in the percent change in BMD at the femoral neck (MD = −0.33, 95% CI: −2.79 to 2.13, P = 0.79) and total body (MD = 0.64, 95% CI: −0.06 to 1.34, P = 0.07). No significant differences in the adverse events were observed in patients treated with alendronate versus the controls (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94–1.07, P = 0.89). The odds of gastrointestinal adverse events were significantly reduced (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.62–0.97, P < 0.05). Our analysis suggests that alendronate can increase the percent change in BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip, and trochanter, and is not associated with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events; however, the vertebral and nonvertebral fractures cannot be reduced. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the poor statistical power.
Mutagenic Effects of Ribavirin on Hepatitis E Virus—Viral Extinction versus Selection of Fitness-Enhancing Mutations

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an important agent of viral hepatitis worldwide, can cause severe courses of infection in pregnant women and immunosuppressed patients. To date, HEV infections can only be treated with ribavirin (RBV). Major drawbacks of this therapy are that RBV is not approved for administration to pregnant women and that the virus can acquire mutations, which render the intra-host population less sensitive or even resistant to RBV. One of the proposed modes of action of RBV is a direct mutagenic effect on viral genomes, inducing mismatches and subsequent nucleotide substitutions. These transition events can drive the already error-prone viral replication beyond an error threshold, causing viral population extinction. In contrast, the expanded heterogeneous viral population can facilitate selection of mutant viruses with enhanced replication fitness. Emergence of these mutant viruses can lead to therapeutic failure. Consequently, the onset of RBV treatment in chronically HEV-infected individuals can result in two divergent outcomes: viral extinction versus selection of fitness-enhanced viruses. Following an overview of RNA viruses treated with RBV in clinics and a summary of the different antiviral modes of action of this drug, we focus on the mutagenic effect of RBV on HEV intrahost populations, and how HEV is able to overcome lethal mutagenesis.
Peripheral vision of youths with low vision: motion perception, crowding, and visual search.

PURPOSE Effects of low vision on peripheral visual function are poorly understood, especially in children whose visual skills are still developing. The aim of this study was to measure both central and peripheral visual functions in youths with typical and low vision. Of specific interest was the extent to which measures of foveal function predict performance of peripheral tasks. METHODS We assessed central and peripheral visual functions in youths with typical vision (n = 7, ages 10-17) and low vision (n = 24, ages 9-18). Experimental measures used both static and moving stimuli and included visual crowding, visual search, motion acuity, motion direction discrimination, and multitarget motion comparison. RESULTS In most tasks, visual function was impaired in youths with low vision. Substantial differences, however, were found both between participant groups and, importantly, across different tasks within participant groups. Foveal visual acuity was a modest predictor of peripheral form vision and motion sensitivity in either the central or peripheral field. Despite exhibiting normal motion discriminations in fovea, motion sensitivity of youths with low vision deteriorated in the periphery. This contrasted with typically sighted participants, who showed improved motion sensitivity with increasing eccentricity. Visual search was greatly impaired in youths with low vision. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a complex pattern of visual deficits in peripheral vision and indicate a significant role of attentional mechanisms in observed impairments. These deficits were not adequately captured by measures of foveal function, arguing for the importance of independently assessing peripheral visual function.
The Relationship Between Perceived Greenness and Perceived Restorativeness of University Campuses and Student-Reported Quality of Life

University students are exposed to many stressors, necessitating opportunities for restoration. Research has indicated that actual experiences in nearby green spaces are associated with restorative psychological and physiological health benefits. However, the perception of greenness and restorativeness of environments might also impact health outcomes. Can green campus spaces provide restorative potential to university students? Do students perceive the greenness and restorative benefits? To explore these questions, students at three universities (convenience sample) were surveyed with items on perceived greenness of campus, perceived restorativeness of campus, and the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life Scale. Results indicate that those with higher perceived campus greenness report greater quality of life, a pathway significantly and partially mediated by perceived campus restorativeness. Future research should help identify effective ways in which university green spaces can be developed as health resources for students.
Haptic Feedback for Enhancing Realism of Walking Simulations

In this paper, we describe several experiments whose goal is to evaluate the role of plantar vibrotactile feedback in enhancing the realism of walking experiences in multimodal virtual environments. To achieve this goal we built an interactive and a noninteractive multimodal feedback system. While during the use of the interactive system subjects physically walked, during the use of the noninteractive system the locomotion was simulated while subjects were sitting on a chair. In both the configurations subjects were exposed to auditory and audio-visual stimuli presented with and without the haptic feedback. Results of the experiments provide a clear preference toward the simulations enhanced with haptic feedback showing that the haptic channel can lead to more realistic experiences in both interactive and noninteractive configurations. The majority of subjects clearly appreciated the added feedback. However, some subjects found the added feedback unpleasant. This might be due, on one hand, to the limits of the haptic simulation and, on the other hand, to the different individual desire to be involved in the simulations. Our findings can be applied to the context of physical navigation in multimodal virtual environments as well as to enhance the user experience of watching a movie or playing a video game.
Classification of Clinically Useful Sentences in MEDLINE

OBJECTIVE In a previous study, we investigated a sentence classification model that uses semantic features to extract clinically useful sentences from UpToDate, a synthesized clinical evidence resource. In the present study, we assess the generalizability of the sentence classifier to Medline abstracts. METHODS We applied the classification model to an independent gold standard of high quality clinical studies from Medline. Then, the classifier trained on UpToDate sentences was optimized by re-retraining the classifier with Medline abstracts and adding a sentence location feature. RESULTS The previous classifier yielded an F-measure of 58% on Medline versus 67% on UpToDate. Re-training the classifier on Medline improved F-measure to 68%; and to 76% (p<0.01) after adding the sentence location feature. CONCLUSIONS The classifier's model and input features generalized to Medline abstracts, but the classifier needed to be retrained on Medline to achieve equivalent performance. Sentence location provided additional contribution to the overall classification performance.
Stress and Anxiety

Stress And Emotion Theory Regulation Of The Energetic Level Of Behaviour - performance under stress consisting of high discrepancy between intensity of stimulation and level of reactivity stress model development and testing by group psychometrics and one-subject psychophysiology stress, conflict and personality the nature and logic of intrapsychic conflicts intrapersonal conflict, life stress And Emotion Personality And Generalization As A Source Of Stress emotional reactions to stress emotional reactions of pregnant women to ultrasound scanning and postpartum determinants of changes in trait anxiety part contents.
Guaranteeing Forward Progress of Unified Register Allocation and Instruction Scheduling

Increasingly demanding computation requirements and tighter energy constraints have motivated distributed and/or hierarchical register file (dhrf) organizations as a mean to efficiently sustain a sufficient alu utilization in processors targeting embedded applications with many alus. Compared to conventional centralized register file organizations, dhrfs lead to tighter coupling between register allocation and instruction scheduling: since latencies to register files are non-uniform, register allocation affects access latencies, thus in turn affects instruction scheduling. To avoid this phase order-
An adaptive path delay fault diagnosis methodology [logic IC testing]

A framework to adaptively perform delay fault diagnosis is introduced. We propose a methodology to perform diagnosis taking into account the effect of test vectors on the propagation delay along a path. An ATPG capable of generating test vectors that cannot be invalidated due to process variations in the submicron technology is used for diagnosis purposes. The proposed framework also has the ability to generate tests that can take care of delay faults induced by noise. Experimental results on the ISCAS'85 benchmarks shows the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Incremental Generation of Multimodal Deixis Referring to Objects

This paper describes an approach for the generation of multimodal deixis to be uttered by an anthropomorphic agent in virtual reality. The proposed algorithm integrates pointing and definite description. Doing so, the context-dependent discriminatory power of the gesture determines the content- selection for the verbal constituent. The concept of a pointing cone is used to model the region singled out by a pointing gesture and to distinguish two referential functions called object-pointing and region-pointing.
Inappropriate drug use and mortality in community-dwelling elderly with impaired kidney function--the Three-City population-based study.

BACKGROUND Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decline with age increases the risk of inappropriate dosing of drugs. We investigated the determinants and the mortality associated with the use of drugs that are contraindicated or require dose adjustment according to kidney function among the community-dwelling elderly. METHODS The Three-City population-based study included 8701 participants ≥65 years from 1999 to 2001. Exposure to the risk of inappropriate drug dosage was defined as reported use of either a contraindicated drug or one requiring dose adjustment according to the individual baseline glomerular filtration rate estimated (eGFR) with the Modification of Diet in Renal disease study equation. Six-year mortality was analysed using Cox models adjusted for several sociodemographic, biologic and clinical risk factors. RESULTS The overall percentage of exposure to the risk of inappropriate drug use was 13.3% (contraindication, 0.8%): it was 52.5% (4.5%) in those with an eGFR of 30-59 and 96% (48%) in those <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2). Antihypertensive agents, fibrates and psycholeptics accounted for most of the drugs with dosing recommendations and antidiabetic agents and antihistamines for those contraindicated. Individuals at risk were more likely to be men, older, and under treatment for hypertension or hypercholesterolemia. Exposure to either risk was independently related to higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.4, 95% confidence interval 1.0-1.9) in participants with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2). CONCLUSIONS Contraindicated drug prescription was uncommon but >10% of the population took drugs requiring renal dosing adjustments. Regular monitoring of eGFR may prevent excess mortality associated with inappropriate drug prescription in the elderly.
Filament formation and robust strand exchange activities of the rice DMC1A and DMC1B proteins

The DMC1 protein, a meiosis-specific DNA recombinase, catalyzes strand exchange between homologous chromosomes. In rice, two Dmc1 genes, Dmc1A and Dmc1B, have been reported. Although the Oryza sativa DMC1A protein has been partially characterized, however the biochemical properties of the DMC1B protein have not been defined. In the present study, we expressed the Oryza sativa DMC1A and DMC1B proteins in bacteria and purified them. The purified DMC1A and DMC1B proteins formed helical filaments along single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and promoted robust strand exchange between ssDNA and dsDNA over five thousand base pairs in the presence of RPA, as a co-factor. The DMC1A and DMC1B proteins also promoted strand exchange in the absence of RPA with long DNA substrates containing several thousand base pairs. In contrast, the human DMC1 protein strictly required RPA to promote strand exchange with these long DNA substrates. The strand-exchange activity of the Oryza sativa DMC1A protein was much higher than that of the DMC1B protein. Consistently, the DNA-binding activity of the DMC1A protein was higher than that of the DMC1B protein. These biochemical differences between the DMC1A and DMC1B proteins may provide important insight into their functional differences during meiosis in rice.
Adaptive model learning method for reinforcement learning

The original Q-learning method is difficult on achieving sample efficiency such as training a policy to get to a goal with in limited time step. So, the Dyna-Q agent is proposed to speed up the policy learning. However, the Dyna-Q did not specify how to build the model, so the table is used to be the model largely. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive model learning method based on tree structures and combined with Q-Learning to form Tree-Based Dyna-Q agent to enhance the policy learning. When the tree-based model learns an accurate model, a planning method can use the model to produce simulated experiences to accelerate value iterations. Thus, the agent with the proposed method can obtain virtual experiences for updating the policy. The simulation result shows that training time of our method can improve obviously.