Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport related social exclusion in New Zealand: Evidence and challenges

Abstract People without functional access to a car in countries where private vehicles are the predominant form of transport are at a disadvantage. Alternative modes of travel in such settings often do not meet people's mobility needs, creating barriers to participation in work, education, social activities, sport and leisure, and to accessing basic goods and services. In New Zealand, private vehicles have long been prioritised as the mode of personal transport in land transport planning policy. However, this is beginning to change with policy objectives now including improvement of access and mobility for all, and reduction of social exclusion. Despite this there is very little evidence of the experiences of those with mobility or access problems in New Zealand. This article seeks to provide qualitative data about experiences of transport related social exclusion, the efficacy of alternative modes for people's mobility needs, the impacts of these difficulties on people's lives, and the policy implications of these findings.
Efficient First-Order Methods for Linear Programming and Semidefinite Programming

We present a simple transformation of any linear program or semidefinite program into an equivalent convex optimization problem whose only constraints are linear equations. The objective function is defined on the whole space, making virtually all subgradient methods be immediately applicable. We observe, moreover, that the objective function is naturally smoothed, thereby allowing most first-order methods to be applied. We develop complexity bounds in the unsmoothed case for a particular subgradient method, and in the smoothed case for Nesterov's original optimal first-order method for smooth functions. We achieve the desired bounds on the number of iterations, $ O(1/ \epsilon^2) $ and $ O(1/ \epsilon) $, respectively. Perhaps most surprising is that the transformation from a linear program or a semidefinite program is simple and so is the basic theory, and yet the approach has been overlooked until now, a blind spot. Once the transformation is realized, the remaining effort in establishing complexity bounds is mainly straightforward, by making use of various works of Nesterov.
A Deconstructivist Methodology for Software Engineering

Grounded within qualitative research on software engineering and science and technology studies, the paper introduces a deconstructivist methodology for software engineering. Software engineering is a sociotechnological process of negotiation embedded in organizational and societal contexts. Thus, social dimensions such as hidden assumptions of use contexts (e.g. based on diversity aspects such as age, gender, class or cultural diversity) implicitly inform development practices. To foster reflective competences in this area, the paper suggests using deconstruction as a tool to disclose collective processes of meaning construction. For this purpose, the idea of introducing a deconstructive process to software engineering is linked to approaches of practice-based, situated and context-sensitive learning.
Global network alignment using multiscale spectral signatures

MOTIVATION Protein interaction networks provide an important system-level view of biological processes. One of the fundamental problems in biological network analysis is the global alignment of a pair of networks, which puts the proteins of one network into correspondence with the proteins of another network in a manner that conserves their interactions while respecting other evidence of their homology. By providing a mapping between the networks of different species, alignments can be used to inform hypotheses about the functions of unannotated proteins, the existence of unobserved interactions, the evolutionary divergence between the two species and the evolution of complexes and pathways. RESULTS We introduce GHOST, a global pairwise network aligner that uses a novel spectral signature to measure topological similarity between subnetworks. It combines a seed-and-extend global alignment phase with a local search procedure and exceeds state-of-the-art performance on several network alignment tasks. We show that the spectral signature used by GHOST is highly discriminative, whereas the alignments it produces are also robust to experimental noise. When compared with other recent approaches, we find that GHOST is able to recover larger and more biologically significant, shared subnetworks between species. AVAILABILITY An efficient and parallelized implementation of GHOST, released under the Apache 2.0 license, is available at http://cbcb.umd. edu/kingsford_group/ghost CONTACT rob@cs.umd. edu.
The role of the self and identification with an organisation as factors influencing work-related stress: Implications for helping

This paper describes the result of a qualitative study designed to explore how experience of work-related stress is connected with the way individuals construct their self, their relationship with the organisation and their coping strategies. Seven university lecturers with different degrees of experienced stress were interviewed. This paper describes two emerged themes: the role of self-image and identification with an organisation. Analysis of two sub-themes on ‘ambitions’ and ‘competitiveness’ identified a tendency suggesting that the importance of self-image for the individuals may contribute to their vulnerability to stress. This paper also proposes that there is a relationship between the degree of identification with the organisation and participants’ experience of stress. It is argued that awareness of individual differences in terms of the identified factors by individuals and by those who provide support in their coping process is of crucial importance.
SMOG Grading - A New Readability Formula.

in a recent issue of this journal, Fry (4) described "a readability formula that saves time. " The panel immediately below gives a method of assessing readability which is even quicker and so simple that one statistician who glanced at an earlier version of this paper thought that it was a "put on," a fake. Although this system, SMOG Grading, is laughably simple, it is in fact more valid than previous readability formulas. The rest of this paper is devoted to substantiating that claim.
Sequence to sequence networks for Roman-Urdu to Urdu transliteration

Neural Machine Translation models have replaced the conventional phrase based statistical translation methods since the former takes a generic, scalable, data-driven approach rather than relying on manual, hand-crafted features. The neural machine translation system is based on one neural network that is composed of two parts, one that is responsible for input language sentence and other part that handles the desired output language sentence. This model based on encoder-decoder architecture also takes as input the distributed representations of the source language which enriches the learnt dependencies and gives a warm start to the network. In this work, we transform Roman-Urdu to Urdu transliteration into sequence to sequence learning problem. To this end, we make the following contributions. We create the first ever parallel corpora of Roman-Urdu to Urdu, create the first ever distributed representation of Roman-Urdu and present the first neural machine translation model that transliterates text from Roman-Urdu to Urdu language. Our model has achieved the state-of-the-art results using BLEU as the evaluation metric. Precisely, our model is able to correctly predict sentences up to length 10 while achieving BLEU score of 48.6 on the test set. We are hopeful that our model and our results shall serve as the baseline for further work in the domain of neural machine translation for Roman-Urdu to Urdu using distributed representation.
Beamforming and Transmission PowerOptimization

Beamforming-array signal processing is a powerful means of increasing capacity and coverage of the mobile communication networks. It supports the next generation broadband cellular system to efficiently carry populated traffic over a limited spectrum due to its co-channel interference mitigation capability. This paper presents performance comparison of three beamforming methods namely null steering, minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) beamforming. It is observed that MMSE beamforming is most suitable for practical non-line-of-sight multipath environment. The work is further extended to downlink beamforming problem for multicell network which is formulated as minimization of transmitted power by all base stations (BSs) subject to SINR constraints at each mobile. The conventional per cell basis beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming are implemented to achieve downlink transmit power optimization using downlink beamforming. Both algorithms use uplink (UL)-downlink (DL) duality concept to solve complicated DL beamforming by using dual uplink problem. Per cell basis beamforming treats intercell interferences as a part of background noise while coordinated multicell beamforming considers intercell interferences for weight vector calculation. Thus, per cell basis optimization does not lead to a joint optimal solution which is possible by coordinated multicell beamforming. The important feature of coordinated beamforming algorithm is that, it leads to distributed implementation in time division duplex (TDD) system. The distributed implementation is less complex and requires only beamforming level coordination unlike centralized implementation which requires system level coordination and thus it is more complex. Thus, in this paper per cell basis beamforming and coordinated multicell beamforming has been implemented and compared for mobile wimax multicell network. The simulation results proved that coordinated beamforming outperforms per cell basis beamforming for different values of SINR and user locations.
Impaired Calcium Regulation of Smooth Muscle during Chronic Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The intracellular calcium level was determined in the canine basilar artery to investigate whether Ca2+regulation of its smooth muscle is altered during chronic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. A double-hemorrhage model was used. The occurrence of vasospasm was confirmed angiographically 7 days after initial hemorrhage. The intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of smooth muscle was measured using Fura-2. Fluorescence to excitation at 340 and 356 nm was monitored and the ratio R340/356 was used as the indicator of [Ca2+]i. When the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) was increased from pCa 8 to 2, [Ca2+]i also increased. In the spastic arteries, the [Ca2+]e − [Ca2+]i curve was elevated as compared with the normal arteries. Treatment with ionomycin elevated the curve in the normal group, but it had little effect in the spastic arteries. Values of [Ca2+]i, calculated in multiples of Kd, were greater in the spastic arteries. Diltiazem (10;−5 mol/L) partially suppressed the augmented [Ca2+]i signal in the spastic arteries, whereas it did not affect the curve in the control group. These results indicate that calcium regulation of smooth muscle is impaired after subarachnoid hemorrhage, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic vasospasm.
Genetic control of quorum-sensing signal turnover in Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A signal turnover system is an essential component of many genetic regulatory mechanisms. The best-known example is the ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation system that exists in many organisms. We found that Agrobacterium tumefaciens adopts a unique signal turnover system to control exiting from a quorum-sensing mode. A. tumefaciens regulates Ti plasmid conjugal transfer by a quorum-sensing signal, N-3-oxo-octanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC8HSL), also known as Agrobacterium autoinducer. By using Tn5 mutagenesis and a functional cloning approach, we identified two genes that are involved in switching from a conjugal quorum-sensing mode to a nonconjugal mode at the onset of stationary phase. First, we located attJ, which codes for an IclR-type suppressor that regulates the second gene attM. The latter encodes a homologue of N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-lactonase. Mass spectrometry analysis shows that the enzyme encoded by attM is an AHL-lactonase that hydrolyzes the lactone ring of 3OC8HSL. In wild-type A. tumefaciens, attM expression is initially suppressed by AttJ but significantly elevated at the stationary phase accompanied a sharp decline in 3OC8HSL. DNA gel retardation analysis shows that AttJ specifically binds to the promoter that controls AHL-lactonase expression. Mutation of attJ resulted in constitutive production of AHL-lactonase that abolishes 3OC8HSL accumulation and Ti plasmid transfer. These data suggest that A. tumefaciens has a sophisticated multicomponent quorum-sensing signal turnover system, allowing the cell to sense a change in growth and adjust cellular activities accordingly.
Facing “reality”: including the emotional in school leadership programmes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue that emotions characterise organisations and, therefore, emotional labour and performance is central to the work of school administration. Thus, the study of emotions needs careful attention in educational administration programmes. The author also considers whether school leadership preparation programmes in Canada and elsewhere provide theoretical knowledge to support this. Finally, the author posits three theoretical perspectives on emotion in administrative work and organisational settings, including education, that might be included in school leadership courses to better support principals in the emotional work that is core to their effectiveness.Design/methodology/approach – The author draws on two research studies to inform the analysis offered: one on the effects of restructuring on the work of school administrators and the other a consideration of principal preparation programmes in Canada. Both employ qualitative methods, including document searche.
A Comparison of Dynamic Reposing and Tangent Distance for Drug Activity Prediction

In drug activity prediction (as in handwritten character recognition), the features extracted to describe a training example depend on the pose (location, orientation, etc.) of the example. In handwritten character recognition, one of the best techniques for addressing this problem is the tangent distance method of Simard, LeCun and Denker (1993). Jain, et al. (1993a; 1993b) introduce a new technique-dynamic reposing--that also addresses this problem. Dynamic reposing iteratively learns a neural network and then reposes the examples in an effort to maximize the predicted output values. New models are trained and new poses computed until models and poses converge. This paper compares dynamic reposing to the tangent distance method on the task of predicting the biological activity of musk compounds. In a 20-fold cross-validation, dynamic reposing attains 91% correct compared to 79% for the tangent distance method, 75% for a neural network with standard poses, and 75% for the nearest neighbor method.
Wireless Ad-hoc Networks Performance Evaluation Using NS-2 and NS-3 Network Simulators

An Ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless terminals that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. In recent years, another class of adhoc networks are continuing to attract the attention for their potential use in several fields. Mobility and the absence of any fixed infrastructure make mobile Ad-hoc network very attractive for mobility and rescue operations and time-critical applications. In this paper, we concentrate on performance evaluation of wireless ad-hoc network using ns-2 and ns-3 network simulators. We compared the throughput simulation results of ns-2 and ns-3 with experimental results for Linear Topology (LT). We also compared by simulations the performance of ns-2 and ns-3 considering memory size metric.
Downward nominal wage rigidity - contracts or fairness considerations?

The literature on downward nominal wage rigidity is mainly empirical, often with a reference to casual or survey evidence that workers and employers find nominal wage cuts unfair. There is rarely a link to the mainly theoretical literature explaining nominal wage rigidity as the result of efficient nominal wage contracts. This paper explores the empirical implications of standard models of nominal wage rigidity, based on both fairness considerations and contracts, and compares them with existing empirical evidence. None of the models is fully consistent with the existing empirical evidence. However, an extended theory where fairness considerations are added to a contract model, seems more consistent with empirical evidence.
Data Mining and Text Mining for Bioinformatics : Proceedings of the European Workshop

We present a new method for improving the efficiency of information extraction systems applied to biological literature, using the correlation between structural and functional classifications of gene products. The method evaluates extracted information by checking if gene products from a common family match a common set of biological properties. To evaluate the method, we implemented it in a case-study, where the method annotated carbohydrate-active enzymes with functional properties extracted from literature. Each carbohydrate-active enzyme is assigned to one or more families of catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules according to its modular structure. To compute the relatedness between functional properties, we implemented a semantic similarity measure in GO, a biological ontology. The results present our quantitative measure of the correlation between the modular structures and functional properties, showing that our method is a viable approach for automatic validation of extracted biological information.
The emotional and cognitive effect of immersion in film viewing

This brief report presents an experiment testing the effect of immersion on emotional responses and cognitive genre categorisation of film viewers. Immersion of a film presentation was varied by presenting an animated movie either in a 3D-viewing condition (low immersive condition) or in a CAVE condition (high immersive condition, comparable to virtual reality experience). Viewers rated their emotions and categorised the movies into four basic film genres (action, drama, comedy, and non-fiction). Two distinct types of emotion were measured: Fictional World emotions (e.g., sadness) in response to the presented fictional events and Artefact emotions in response to the film as an artefact (e.g., fascination). Results showed that stronger immersion led to more intense emotions but did not influence genre categorisation. In line with expectations, both types of emotional response were intensified by high immersion. The results are explained by suggesting that highly immersive cinema has its impact on a basic dimension of emotion, namely arousal that underlies both types of emotions.
Gravitamine spice: a system that changes the perception of eating through virtual weight sensation

The flavor of food is not just limited to the sense of taste, but also it changes according to the perceived information from other perception such as the auditory, visual, tactile senses, or through individual experiences or cultural background, etc. We proposed "Gravitamine Spice", a system that focuses on the cross-modal interaction between our perception; mainly the weight of food we perceived when we carry the utensils. This system consists of a fork and a seasoning called the "OMOMI". User can change the weight of the food by sprinkling seasoning onto it. Through this sequence of actions, users can enjoy different dining experiences, which may change the taste of their food or the feeling towards the food when they are chewing it.
Mining Bilingual Data from the Web with Adaptively Learnt Patterns

Mining bilingual data (including bilingual sentences and terms) from the Web can benefit many NLP applications, such as machine translation and cross language information retrieval. In this paper, based on the observation that bilingual data in many web pages appear collectively following similar patterns, an adaptive pattern-based bilingual data mining method is proposed. Specifically, given a web page, the method contains four steps: 1) preprocessing: parse the web page into a DOM tree and segment the inner text of each node into snippets; 2) seed mining: identify potential translation pairs (seeds) using a word based alignment model which takes both translation and transliteration into consideration; 3) pattern learning: learn generalized patterns with the identified seeds; 4) pattern based mining: extract all bilingual data in the page using the learned patterns. Our experiments on Chinese web pages produced more than 7.5 million pairs of bilingual sentences and more than 5 million pairs of bilingual terms, both with over 80% accuracy.
MTJ-based implication logic gates and circuit architecture for large-scale spintronic stateful logic systems

Because of the easy integration with CMOS, non-volatility, reconfiguration capability, and fast-switching speed of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), this work proposes and investigates stateful IMP-based logic gates and circuit architecture for future reconfigurable and nonvolatile computing systems. Stateful logic uses the memory unit (MTJ device) as the main computing element (logic gate) unlike the previously proposed MTJ-based logic circuits, where MTJs are only ancillary devices in logical computations. Spintronic IMP logic gates are analyzed using a SPICE model for spin-transfer torque MTJs to demonstrate the reliability of the IMP operation. The realization of the spintronic stateful logic operations extends nonvolatile electronics from memory to logical computing applications and opens the door for more complex logic functions to be realized with MTJ-based devices.
Finite Element Modeling of Friction Stir Welding in Aluminum Alloys Joint

This study aims to model friction stir welding of the aluminum alloys using the finite element method. For this purpose, transient thermal finite element analyses are performed in order to obtain the temperature distribution in the welded aluminum plate during the welding operation. Heat input from the tool shoulder and the tool pin are considered in the finite element model. A moving heat source with a heat distribution simulating the heat generated from the friction between the tool shoulder and the work piece is used in the heat transfer analysis. Three-dimensional models are carried out by using ANSYS and HyperXtrude commercial softwares. APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language) code is developed to model moving heat source and change boundary conditions.