Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single–bubble dynamics in histotripsy and high–amplitude ultrasound: Modeling and validation

A variety of approaches have been used to model the dynamics of a single, isolated bubble nucleated by a microsecond length high–amplitude ultrasound pulse (e.g. a histotripsy pulse). Until recently, the lack of single–bubble experimental radius vs. time data for bubble dynamics under a well–characterized driving pressure has limited model validation efforts. This study uses radius vs. time measurements of single, spherical histotripsy–nucleated bubbles in water to quantitatively compare and validate a variety of bubble dynamics modeling approaches, including compressible and incompressible models as well as different thermal models. A strategy for inferring an analytic representation of histotripsy waveforms directly from experimental radius vs. time and cavitation threshold data is presented. We compare distributions of a calculated validation metric obtained for each model applied to 88 experimental data sets. There is minimal distinction (<1%) among the modeling approaches for compressibility and thermal effects considered in this study. These results suggest that our proposed strategy to infer the waveform, combined with simple models minimizing parametric uncertainty and computational resource demands accurately represent single–bubble dynamics in histotripsy, including at and near the maximum bubble radius. Remaining sources of parametric and model–based uncertainty are discussed.
The Jubilee ISW project – I. Simulated ISW and weak lensing maps and initial power spectra results

We present initial results from the Jubilee Integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) project, which models the expected cold dark matter ISW effect in the Jubilee simulation. The simulation volume is (6 h−1 Gpc)3, allowing power on very large scales to be incorporated into the calculation. Haloes are resolved down to a mass of 1.5 × 1012 h−1 M⊙, which allows us to derive a catalogue of mock Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) for cross-correlation analysis with the ISW signal. We find the ISW effect observed on a projected sky to grow stronger at late times with the evolution of the ISW power spectrum matching expectations from linear theory. Maps of the gravitational-lensing effect are calculated using the same potential as for the ISW. We calculate the redshift dependence of the ISW–LRG cross-correlation signal for a full-sky survey with no noise considerations. For l 30, the signal is best observed with surveys covering z∼0.6–1.0.
β2‐Adrenergic receptor overexpression in the developing mouse heart: evidence for targeted modulation of ion channels

1 We studied the effect of overexpression of the β2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) in the heart on ion channel currents in single cells isolated from hearts of fetal and neonatal transgenic and wild‐type mice. The β2‐AR transgene construct was under the control of the murine α‐myosin heavy chain (α‐MHC) promoter, and ion channel activity was measured at distinct developmental stages using whole‐cell and perforated patch clamp techniques. 2 We found no change in L‐type Ca2+ channel current (ICa) density in early embryonic stages (E11‐13) of β2‐AR transgenic positive (TG+) mice, but significant increases in ICa density in intermediate (E14‐16, 152 %) and late (E17‐19, 173.7 %) fetal and neonatal (1 day post partum, 161 %) TG+ compared with transgenic negative (TG‐) mice. This increase in ICa was accompanied by a negative shift in the peak of the current‐voltage relationship in TG+ mice. 3 Transient (< 3 min) or prolonged (16‐24 h) exposure of TG‐ neonatal stage myocytes to 8‐Br‐cAMP (300 μM) increased ICa density and caused a shift in the current‐voltage relationship to a similar extent to that seen in TG+ mice. In TG+ myocytes, 8‐Br‐cAMP had no effect. Exposure of TG+ cells to Rp‐cAMPS reversed both the shift in voltage dependence and reduced the peak current density observed in these myocytes. We concluded from these results that the L‐type Ca2+ channel is maximally modulated by cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (PKA) in TG+ mice and that the α‐MHC promoter is functional in the ventricle as early as embryonic day 14. 4 In contrast, we found that slow delayed rectifier K+ channels were not changed significantly at any of the developmental stages studied by the overexpression of β2‐ARs compared with TG‐ mice. The sensitivity of murine slow delayed rectifier K+ channels to cAMP was tested by both transient and prolonged exposure to 8‐Br‐cAMP (300 μM), which increased the slow delayed rectifier K+ channel current (IK,s) density to a similar extent in both TG‐ and TG+ neonatal myocytes. In addition, we found that there was no difference in the concentration dependence of the response of ICa and IK,s to 8‐Br‐cAMP. 5 Thus, overexpression of the β2‐AR in the heart results in distinct modulation of ICa, but not IK,s, and this is not due to differences in the 8‐Br‐cAMP sensitivity of the two channels. Instead, these results are consistent with both compartmentalization of β2‐AR‐controlled cAMP and distinct localization of L‐type Ca2+ and slow delayed rectifier K+ channels. This cAMP is targeted preferentially to the L‐type Ca2+ channel and is not accessible to the slow delayed rectifier K+ channel.
BCR-ABL Hits at Mitosis; Implications for Chromosomal Instability, Aneuploidy and Therapeutic Strategy

1.1 Genomic and chromosomal instability in CML An unstable genome is a common hallmark of nearly all solid tumors and most of leukemias in contrast to normal, healthy cells which are able to maintein genome integrity (Negrini et al., 2010). Genomic instability could result from changes in chromosome structure and number as well as changes on the DNA level. Chromosomal instability (CIN) arises from unproper chromosome segregation as well as division defects and leads to aneuploidy (Foijer, 2010), whereas accumulation of mutations and DNA alterations usually is an effect of the defective repair systems and DNA damage response in cancer cells (Economopoulou et al., 2011). Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells expressing the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase have been found to accumulate mutations as well as chromosomal abnormalities. One of the first indications that CML correlates with additional chromosome changes has been presented in 1987 (Alimena et al., 1987). Moreover, authors showed that the rate of chromosomal anomalies increased during the blastic transformation. In the next years this has been also confirmed by other authors (Hagemeijer, 1987; Johansson et al., 2002; Su et al., 1999; Suzukawa et al., 1997). Later, random aneuploidy rate between chromosomes 9 and 18 has been reported in CML patients – both, untreated as well as upon imatinib therapy (Amiel et al., 2006). In broader analysis of CML patients it was found that chromosomal instability caused by centrosomal aberrations significantly correlated with the disease progression (Giehl et al., 2005). In the chronic phase only one sample out of 18 showed additional karyotypic alterations, in contrast to blast crisis where 73% patients (11/16) displayed additional karyotype alterations. The observation that CML patients have karyotype aberrations was confirmed in other studies where complex chromosomal rearrangements (CCR) were investigated (Babicka et al., 2006). By using cytogenetics, the FISH, and multicolor FISH (mFISH) methods, a very high level of the genomic instability at the chromosomal level, in cells obtained from chronic myeloid leukemia patients was observed. Altogether, it was shown that the aberrations associated with the progression of BCR-ABLpositive CML chronic phase to the aggressive blast crisis include additional chromosomes (Ph1, +8, +19), isochromosome 17q (associated with the loss of p53), reciprocal
Investor Communication in Crowdfunding: A Qualitative-Empirical Study

Prior research shows that investor communication reduces information asymmetries between companies and investors. So far, little is known about the role of investor communication in crowdfunding. This paper explores whether and how investor communication can reduce information asymmetries between crowd investors and new ventures, thereby facilitating the crowd’s investment decisions. The study follows an exploratory qualitative research approach based on semi-structured interviews with 17 crowdfunding participants: six crowd investors, six new ventures, and five third parties. After analyzing, coding, and categorizing the data, we developed a theoretical framework and present it in a set of six propositions. The results indicate that the venture’s overall impression — especially perceived sympathy, openness, and trustworthiness — plays a significant role in reducing the information asymmetries of crowd investors. To communicate these soft facts, personal communication seems to be replaced by pseudo-personal communication over the Internet (e.g., videos, investor relations channels, social media). In addition, the communications of third parties (e.g., other crowd investors, professional and experienced investors, customers and business associates) influence the decision making process of crowd investors. Third party endorsements are valued as quality signals reducing perceived information asymmetries and lowering the importance and effect of pseudo-personal communications by the venture.
The Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction

This study investigated the relationships of perceived organizational support (POS), job satisfaction and behavioral outcomes, partially to help explain in past research regarding the relationship between POS and performance (task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)). In this study, 261 employees from Small-Medium sized enterprises in China were selected as participants. Data analyzed using two steps of AMOS showed positive correlations of POS with job satisfaction and OCBs, and not with task performance. And also showed job satisfaction is correlated with both task performance and OCBs. Especially, it suggests job satisfaction mediated POS-performance relationship.
Interleukin‐8 as a mediator of sympathetic pain

1 The hyperalgesic effects of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and carrageenin were measured in a rat paw pressure test. 2 IL‐8 evoked a dose‐dependent hyperalgesia which was attenuated by a specific antiserum, the β‐adrenoceptor antagonists atenolol and propranolol, the dopamine1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 and the adrenergic neurone‐blocking agent guanethidine. The hyperalgesia was not attenuated by the cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin or the IL‐1β analogue Lys‐d‐Pro‐Thr. 3 IL‐1β‐evoked hyperalgesia was attenuated by indomethacin and Lys‐d‐Pro‐Thr but not by atenolol or SCH 23390. 4 Carrageenin‐evoked hyperalgesia was attenuated by atenolol, indomethacin and anti‐IL‐8 serum. The effects of atenolol and anti‐IL‐8 serum were not additive. The effects of indomethacin and anti‐IL‐8 serum were additive: this combination abolished carrageenin‐evoked hyperalgesia. 5 A new biological activity of IL‐8 is described, namely the capacity to evoke hyperalgesia by a prostaglandin‐independent mechanism. IL‐8 is the first endogenous mediator to be identified as evoking hyperalgesia involving the sympathetic nervous system. Since IL‐8 is released by activated macrophages and endothelial cells it may be a humoral link between tissue injury and sympathetic hyperalgesia.
Cloning and regulation of expression of the Na+–Cl––taurine transporter in gill cells of freshwater Japanese eels

SUMMARY Our previous studies have demonstrated the hypertonic-induced expression of osmotic stress transcription factor and the regulatory volume increase (RVI) response in gill cells isolated from freshwater eels. In this study, we aimed to clone one of the organic osmolyte transporters, the Na+–Cl––taurine transporter (TauT), and to characterize its expression in anisosmotic conditions, using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. A cDNA clone encoding TauT was isolated from gill tissues of Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica. The deduced amino acid sequence shows 88–90% identity to other reported piscine TauT sequences. Our data indicated that TauT mRNA was detectable in both freshwater and seawater fish gills. The expression level of TauT mRNA increased in gills of seawater-acclimating fish. A high abundance of TauT protein was found to be localized in seawater gill chloride cells. Using primary gill cell culture, expression of the gene was induced when the ambient osmolarity was raised from 320 to 500 mosmol l–1. Hypertonic treatment of the culture caused an increase of F-actin distribution in the cell periphery. Treatment of the cells with colchicine or cytochalasin D significantly reduced TauT transcript level following hypertonic exposure. The inhibition of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase by ML-7 had a significant additive effect on hypertonic-induced TauT expression. Collectively, the data of this study reveal, for the first time, the regulation of TauT expression in gill cells of euryhaline fish. We have demonstrated the involvement of ionic strength, the cytoskeleton and MLC kinase in the regulation of TauT expression. The results shed light on the osmosensing and hyperosmotic adaption in fish gills.
Encouraging Enterprise - Regional Enterprise Development Frameworks in Australia

Australia is rapidly becoming a divided nation in which regional and rural communities slip further behind their counterparts in the major cities. Government policy is struggling to find a balance between the increasing economic and social marginalisation of the regional and rural areas, and the demands for greater urban concentration in a global market place. This paper examines the opportunities for bringing life back to Australia's regions through the creation of enterprise initiatives. Of importance is the need to create an enterprise culture in which nascent entrepreneurs can be encouraged to launch new business ventures. Regional enterprise development initiatives should consider four key frameworks: 1) the economic environment, 2) the regulatory environment, 3) the support environment and 4) the specific business environment. Each of these environments must be considered together in terms of their collective impact on the establishment and growth of small to medium enterprise. Enterprise initiatives often fail because they are too narrowly focused. Recommendations for future action are given.
EFFECTS OF VARYING LEVELS OF CALCIUM IN RATIONS FOR BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS) CALVES ON GROWTH RATE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY

Twelve Nili-Ravi buffalo calves of age between 8-10 month and average body weight 112 ± 3.30 kg were randomly divided into three treatments (4 calves per treatment). Three isonitrogenous (16.14% CP) and isocaloric (66% TDN) dietary treatments: A) Calcium (Ca) 0.46% + Phosphorus (P) 0.31%; B) Ca 0.59% + P 0.31% and C) Ca 0.75% + P 0.31% on dry matter basis with Ca : P ratios of 1.5:1, 2:1 and 2.5:1, respectively. Levels of Ca were adjusted by addition of varying amount of limestone powder and di-calcium phosphate in total mixed rations (TMR). Animals were fed on 2 kg oats green fodder and TMR on ad-libitum. Feed intake for each animal was recorded daily. Growth was monitored by weighing calves fortnightly. Blood samples were taken pre and 90 days post mineral supplementation approximately 3 hours after morning feeding. At the end of experiment, one week digestibility trial was also conducted. Results revealed that dry matter intake (DMI) was not different among the treatments; whereas, total weight gain, average daily weight gain and FCR were higher (P<0.05) in the treatment C compared with the treatment A. The digestibility of DM was similar among all treatments whereas, the digestibility of CP and CF was higher (P<0.05) in the treatment C compared to the treatment A. Serum P concentration increased (P<0.05) with dietary P; whereas, the serum Ca concentration remained unchanged. It is therefore, concluded that increasing the dietary Ca concentration improved feed intake, weight gain, FCR as well as nutrients digestibility in growing buffalo calves.
Andexanet alfa for the reversal of Factor Xa inhibitor related anticoagulation

ABSTRACT Andexanet alfa is a specific reversal agent for Factor Xa inhibitors. The molecule is a recombinant protein analog of factor Xa that binds to Factor Xa inhibitors and antithrombin:LMWH complex but does not trigger prothrombotic activity. In ex vivo, animal, and volunteer human studies, andexanet alfa (AnXa) was able to dose-dependently reverse Factor Xa inhibition and restore thrombin generation for the duration of drug administration. Further trials are underway to examine its safety and efficacy in the population of patients experiencing FXa inhibitor-related bleeding.
Spin-Weighted Spherical CNNs

Learning equivariant representations is a promising way to reduce sample and model complexity and improve the generalization performance of deep neural networks. The spherical CNNs are successful examples, producing SO(3)-equivariant representations of spherical inputs. There are two main types of spherical CNNs. The first type lifts the inputs to functions on the rotation group SO(3) and applies convolutions on the group, which are computationally expensive since SO(3) has one extra dimension. The second type applies convolutions directly on the sphere, which are limited to zonal (isotropic) filters, and thus have limited expressivity. In this paper, we present a new type of spherical CNN that allows anisotropic filters in an efficient way, without ever leaving the spherical domain. The key idea is to consider spin-weighted spherical functions, which were introduced in physics in the study of gravitational waves. These are complex-valued functions on the sphere whose phases change upon rotation. We define a convolution between spin-weighted functions and build a CNN based on it. Experiments show that our method outperforms the isotropic spherical CNNs while still being much more efficient than using SO(3) convolutions. The spin-weighted functions can also be interpreted as spherical vector fields, allowing applications to tasks where the inputs or outputs are vector fields.
INFLUENCE OF INVESTORS’ ATTENTION ON STOCK RETURN, LIQUIDITY, AND RETURN VOLATILITY COMPARISON BETWEEN MANUFACTURE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA AND INDIA

This research aims to examine the influence of investors’ attention of company stock on stock return, liquidity, and return volatility comparison between manufacture companies in Indonesia and India in the year of 2011-2013. Investors’ attention is measured by direct proxy which is Google search volume index from Google trends. This research uses secondary data and processed by regression analysis. The samples are gathered from Indonesia stock exchange and India stock exchange. The result of this research concludes that the investors’ attention that measured using Google search volume index is significantly influenced the stock liquidity and return volatility of manufacture companies in Indonesia. Meanwhile the result for India shows that Investors’ attention has only significantly influenced the return volatility of manufactures companies.
Application of Flow Cytometry in the Studies of Microparticles

Many cell types including leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells release small membrane fragments called microparticles (MP). MP are shed during cell growth, activation, proliferation, senescence and apoptosis. MP contain proteins (intracellular as well as surface markers), mRNA and miRNA of the cells they have originated from. Based on the release mechanism, size and phenotype, MP are frequently divided into two categories: exosomes and ectosomes called also microvesicles. There is no doubt that the biological significance of MP has been largely overlooked for many years, regarding them as merely cellular fragments or debris. Nowadays, MP are being recognized as an important regulator of cellular interactions under physiological and pathological conditions. MP are present in all body fluids and physiologically serve various functions like blood clotting, enhance cell adhesiveness, increase cell aggregation, etc. They mediate cell-to-cell communication by transferring cell surface receptors, mRNA, and miRNA from the cell of origin to target cells. The growing body of literature regarding the role of MP in many pathologies has recently progressed from describing the association of elevated MP number with disease stage (e.g. cancer, sepsis) through understanding how MP may contribute to thrombosis, preeclampsia and tumor progression, and finally, to using MP as a source of antigens in new forms of vaccines against infectious or malignant diseases.
Earnings Management and Analyst Coverage Changes Around IFRS Implementation: Evidence from France

Using a sample of French companies listed on the stock index CAC ALL TRADABLE, this paper analyzes the relation among analyst coverage and earnings management. We find that after the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and over a period from 2005 till 2011, analystsâ€™ coverage and experience reduce the level of earning management
Cost of Capital in Price-regulated Companies: the Case of Estonia

In case of price-regulated companies it is the role of appropriate government agencies to introduce clear, internally consistent, theoretically sound, and unambiguous methodology for finding the regulative cost of capital. The aim of the paper is to describe and analyze the cost of capital estimation methodology for regulated companies in Estonia and discuss some issues arising in applying this methodology. The current paper focuses on two topical issues associated with the estimation of regulative cost of capital in Estonia: estimation of market risk premium and inclusion of currency risk premium into the cost of capital. Current turmoil in financial markets has increased investors’ risk aversion as well as level of risks.