Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Typologies of Prescription Opioid Use in a Large Sample of Adults Assessed for Substance Abuse Treatment

Background As a population, non-medical prescription opioid users are not well-defined. We aimed to derive and describe typologies of prescription opioid use and nonmedical use using latent class analysis in an adult population being assessed for substance abuse treatment. Methods Latent class analysis was applied to data from 26,314 unique respondents, aged 18-70, self-reporting past month use of a prescription opioid out of a total of 138,928 cases (18.9%) collected by the Addiction Severity Index-Multimedia Version (ASI-MV®), a national database for near real-time prescription opioid abuse surveillance. Data were obtained from November 2005 through December 2009. Substance abuse treatment, criminal justice, and public assistance programs in the United States submitted data to the ASI-MV database (n = 538). Six indicators of the latent classes derived from responses to the ASI-MV, a version of the ASI modified to collect prescription opioid abuse and chronic pain experience. The latent class analysis included respondent home ZIP code random effects to account for nesting of respondents within ZIP code. Results A four-class adjusted latent class model fit best and defined clinically interpretable and relevant subgroups: Use as prescribed, Prescribed misusers, Medically healthy abusers, and Illicit users. Classes varied on key variables, including race/ethnicity, gender, concurrent substance abuse, duration of prescription opioid abuse, mental health problems, and ASI composite scores. Three of the four classes (81% of respondents) exhibited high potential risk for fatal opioid overdose; 18.4% exhibited risk factors for blood-borne infections. Conclusions Multiple and distinct profiles of prescription opioid use were detected, suggesting a range of use typologies at differing risk for adverse events. Results may help clinicians and policy makers better focus overdose and blood-borne infection prevention efforts and intervention strategies for prescription opioid abuse reduction.
Fairness and Social Justice: Distinct Moralities

iii LIST OF TABLES.v LIST OF FIGURES.vi CHAPTER 1. FAIRNESS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE THE CONFLICT . 1 A. Introduction.1 B. Fairness and Social Justice in Theory.2 C. Fairness & Social Justice in Moral Psychology.5 D. Past Empirical Work on Fairness and Social Justice.8 2. MY PRIOR PRELIMINARY RESEARCH . 11 3. STUDY PURPOSE & MATERIALS . 15 A. Purpose.15 B. Materials: Scenarios.16 4. STUDY 1 . 19 A. Methods of Study 1.19 i. Materials . 19 ii. Hypotheses . 20 iii. Participants . 21 iv. Procedure . 22 B. Results of Study 1.22 i. Individual Differences . 23 ii. Hierarchical Linear Model . 24 C. Discussion of Study 1.26 5. STUDY 2 . 30 A. Methods of Study 2.30 i. Materials . 30 ii. Hypotheses . 31 iii. Participants . 32 iv. Procedure . 33 B. Results of Study 2.34 i. Individual Differences . 34 ii. Hierarchical Linear Model . 35 C. Discussion of Study 2.37 6. DISCUSSION . 40 A. General Discussion.40 B. Limitations & Future Directions.42 APPENDICES.61 A. SCENARIOS.61 B. SCRAMBLE PRIMES.64 C. FAIRNESS SCALE.65 D. SOCIAL JUSTICE SCALE.66 E. DEMOGRAPHICS SURVEY.67 REFERENCES . 68
Habitat of In Vivo Transformation Influences the Levels of Free Radical Scavengers in Clinostomum complanatum: Implications for Free Radical Scavenger Based Vaccines against Trematode Infections

Background Since free radical scavengers of parasite origin like glutathione-S-transferase and superoxide dismutase are being explored as prospective vaccine targets, availability of these molecules within the parasite infecting different hosts as well as different sites of infection is of considerable importance. Using Clinostomum complanatum, as a model helminth parasite, we analysed the effects of habitat of in vivo transformation on free radical scavengers of this trematode parasite. Methods Using three different animal models for in vivo transformation and markedly different sites of infection, progenetic metacercaria of C. complanatum were transformed to adult ovigerous worms. Whole worm homogenates were used to estimate the levels of lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidative stress and free radical scavengers. Results Site of in vivo transformation was found to drastically affect the levels of free radical scavengers in this model trematode parasite. It was observed that oxygen availability at the site of infection probably influences levels of free radical scavengers in trematode parasites. Conclusion This is the first report showing that habitat of in vivo transformation affects levels of free radical scavengers in trematode parasites. Since free radical scavengers are prospective vaccine targets and parasite infection at ectopic sites is common, we propose that infections at different sites, may respond differently to free radical scavenger based vaccines.
A METHOD OF MEASURING EYE MOVEMENT USING A SCLERAL SEARCH COIL IN A MAGNETIC FIELD.

With the subject exposed to an alternating magnetic field, eye position may be accurately recorded from the voltage generated in a coil of wire embedded in a scleral contact lens worn by the subject. Using two magnetic fields in quadrature phase and two coils on the lens, one may measure horizontal, vertical and torsional eye movements simultaneously. The instrument described has an accuracy and linearity of about 2 per cent of full scale, a resolution of 15 seconds of arc and a bandwidth of 1000 cyles per second.
ACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGT 4 forward GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTCACCATGCTGCGCCTCTCCGAACG 4 reverse GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTTCTACTCCTTGGCGATGGCAA 5 reverse GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTGCTCCTTGGCGATGGCAAAGG 6 forward GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTCACCATGGATGAGAAGAAGAA 7 reverse GGGGACCACTTTGTA

Cyclophilin B (CypB) is an ubiquitously expressed protein, which performs several intraand extracellular functions. Despite its abundant use as a household protein, little is known about its exact cellular localization and dynamics. In the present study we show that endogenous CypB localizes in one of two distinct compartments, either within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or inside the nucleus, accumulating in the fibrillar centers of the nucleoli. By means of a genetic deletion screen, we identified a minimal nucleolar localization signal for efficient relocation to the nucleoli. Within the fibrillar centers, CypB colocalized with RNA polymerase, upstream binding factor-1 (UBF), fibrillarin and dyskerin (DCK1). Even after chemical disruption of the nucleoli, a strong interaction with these proteins remained. Using live cell imaging, we showed a persistent colocalization of CypB with proteins involved in the ribosome biogenesis during the transcriptionally more active phases of the cell cycle. Supported by in silico data, our observations suggest that CypB interacts with these proteins and is involved in ribosome biogenesis and RNA transcription.
Sensors activation time predictions in smart home

Activity recognition is the most challenging stage of technological assistance which offers automatic support, when needed, to elderly and disabled people such as Alzheimer's patients living in smart homes. Many approaches and techniques were proposed for activity recognition while other technological assistance stages were barely explored. In this paper, after presenting our activity recognition approach and explaining how the artificial agent will use it to decide when to intervene offering help, we use time series forecasting in order to better choose the intervention time.
Supporting collaborative development using process models: a tooled integration‐focused approach

Collaboration in software engineering projects is usually intensive and requires adequate support by well‐integrated tools. However, process‐centered software engineering environments (PSEE) have traditionally been designed to exploit integration facilities in other tools, while offering themselves little to no such facilities. This is in line with the vision of the PSEE as the central orchestrator of project support tools. We argue that this view has hindered the widespread adoption of process‐based collaboration support tools by incurring too much adoption and switching costs. We propose a new process‐based collaboration support architecture, backed by a process metamodel, that can easily be integrated with existing tools. The proposed architecture revolves around the central concepts of ‘deep links’ and ‘hooks’. Our approach is validated by analyzing a collection of open‐source projects, and integration utilities based on the implemented process model server have been developed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Witnessing in the age of the database: Viral memorials, affective publics, and the assemblage of mourning

Many terms, such as spontaneous shrines, grassroots memorials and performative commemoratives, have been used to describe the collaborative on-site and online memorials created following the deaths of national and global figures, as well as those of unknown victims of mass-mediated disasters. I argue that the adjective “viral” better captures the temporality, spatiality, materiality, and mimeticism of these formations, as well as their frequent pathologization. Contemporary performative public mourning follows from mediated witnessing in the era of networked digital media, forming a witnessing/mourning assemblage. The corporeal testifying of the witness-turned-mourner contributes material derivatives to an affective network. Breaking from constative, narrative testimony and the exclusionary logic of the monument, these memorial aggregations emerge from processes of database (de)composition and network virality. Through the close analysis of a 2008 YouTube memorial video tribute for victims of a Greek bus accident, I consider shifts in public grieving and memorialization of catastrophic media events in relation to developments in web protocols and platforms.
A logic of nonmonotone inductive definitions

Well-known principles of induction include monotone induction and different sorts of nonmonotone induction such as inflationary induction, induction over well-founded sets and iterated induction. In this work, we define a logic formalizing induction over well-founded sets and monotone and iterated induction. Just as the principle of positive induction has been formalized in FO(LFP), and the principle of inflationary induction has been formalized in FO(IFP), this article formalizes the principle of iterated induction in a new logic for Nonmonotone Inductive Definitions (ID-logic). The semantics of the logic is strongly influenced by the well-founded semantics of logic programming. This article discusses the formalisation of different forms of (non-)monotone induction by the well-founded semantics and illustrates the use of the logic for formalizing mathematical and common-sense knowledge. To model different types of induction found in mathematics, we define several subclasses of definitions, and show that they are correctly formalized by the well-founded semantics. We also present translations into classical first or second order logic. We develop modularity and totality results and demonstrate their use to analyze and simplify complex definitions. We illustrate the use of the logic for temporal reasoning. The logic formally extends Logic Programming, Abductive Logic Programming and Datalog, and thus formalizes the view on these formalisms as logics of (generalized) inductive definitions.
Integrin-Blocking Antibodies Delay Keratinocyte Re-Epithelialization in a Human Three-Dimensional Wound Healing Model

The α6β4 integrin plays a significant role in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis through modulation of growth factor signaling, and is a potentially important therapeutic target. However, α6β4-mediated cell-matrix adhesion is critical in normal keratinocyte attachment, signaling and anchorage to the basement membrane through its interaction with laminin-5, raising potential risks for targeted therapy. Bioengineered Human Skin Equivalent (HSE), which have been shown to mimic their normal and wounded counterparts, have been used here to investigate the consequences of targeting β4 to establish toxic effects on normal tissue homeostasis and epithelial wound repair. We tested two antibodies directed to different β4 epitopes, one adhesion-blocking (ASC-8) and one non-adhesion blocking (ASC-3), and determined that these antibodies were appropriately localized to the basal surface of keratinocytes at the basement membrane interface where β4 is expressed. While normal tissue architecture was not altered, ASC-8 induced a sub-basal split at the basement membrane in non-wounded tissue. In addition, wound closure was significantly inhibited by ASC-8, but not by ASC-3, as the epithelial tongue only covered 40 percent of the wound area at 120 hours post-wounding. These results demonstrate β4 adhesion-blocking antibodies may have adverse effects on normal tissue, whereas antibodies directed to other epitopes may provide safer alternatives for therapy. Taken together, we conclude that these three-dimensional tissue models provide a biologically relevant platform to identify toxic effects induced by candidate therapeutics, which will allow generation of findings that are more predictive of in vivo responses early in the drug development process.
Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system and release of new kinins through alternative cleavage of kininogens by microbial and human cell proteinases

Abstract Kinins are released from kininogens through the activation of the Hageman factor-prekallikrein system or by tissue kallikrein. These peptides exert various biological activities, such as vascular permeability increase, smooth muscle contraction, pain sensation and induction of hypotension. In many instances kinins are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Recent studies have revealed that microbial and human cell proteinases activate Hageman factor and/or prekallikrein, or directly release kinin from kininogens. This review discusses the activation of the kinin-release system by mast-cell tryptase and microbial proteinases, including gingipains, which are cysteine proteinases from Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major pathogen of periodontal disease. Each enzyme is evaluated in the context of its association to allergy and infectious diseases, respectively. Furthermore, a novel system of kinin generation directly from kininogens by the concerted action of two proteinases is described. An interesting example of this system with implications to bacterial pathogenicity is the release of kinins from kininogens by neutrophil elastase and a synergistic action of cysteine proteinases from Staphylococcus aureus. This alternative production of kinins by proteinases present in diseased sites indicates a significant contribution of proteinases other than kallikreins in kinin generation. Therefore kinin receptor antagonists and proteinase inhibitors may be useful as therapeutic agents.
Application of Homology Modeling to Generate CYP1A1 Mutants with Enhanced Activation of the Cancer Chemotherapeutic Prodrug Dacarbazine

The chemotherapeutic prodrug dacarbazine (DTIC) has limited efficacy in human malignancies and exhibits numerous adverse effects that arise from systemic exposure to the cytotoxic metabolite. DTIC is activated by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 catalyzed N-demethylation. However, structural features of these enzymes that confer DTIC N-demethylation have not been characterized. A validated homology model of CYP1A1 was employed to elucidate structure-activity relationships and to engineer CYP1A1 enzymes with altered DTIC activation. In silico docking demonstrated that DTIC orientates proximally to Ser122, Phe123, Asp313, Ala317, Ile386, Tyr259, and Leu496 of human CYP1A1. The site of metabolism is positioned 5.6 Å from the heme iron at an angle of 105.3°. Binding in the active site is stabilized by H-bonding between Tyr259 and the N2 position of the imidazole ring. Twenty-seven CYP1A1 mutants were generated and expressed in Escherichia coli in yields ranging from 9 to 225 pmol P450/mg. DTIC N-demethylation by the E161K, E256K, and I458V mutants exhibited Michaelis-Menten kinetics, with decreases in Km (183–249 μM) that doubled the catalytic efficiency (p < 0.05) relative to wild-type CYP1A1 (Km, 408 ± 43 μM; Vmax, 28 ± 4 pmol · min−1 · pmol of P450−1). The generation of enzymes with catalytically enhanced DTIC activation highlights the potential use of mutant CYP1A1 proteins in P450-based gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma.
Women's experiences of physically active leisure during pregnancy

ABSTRACT While leisure researchers have long examined the ways in which motherhood can affect women's physically active leisure and, in turn, their health and well-being [e.g. Cramp and Bray 2011; Miller, Yvette D. , and Wendy J. Brown. 2005. “Determinants of Active Leisure for Women with Young Children – An ‘Ethic of Care' Prevails. ” Leisure Sciences 27 (5): 405–420; Shaw, Susan M. 2008. “Family Leisure and Changing Ideologies of Parenthood. ” Sociology Compass 2 (2): 688–703], they have thus far neglected to investigate the physical experience of pregnancy as it relates to women's leisure. This study explored how women's experience of pregnancy and the changing body may play a role in shaping and defining their physically active leisure. Interviews were completed with 12 pregnant women and data were analysed thematically. Findings suggest that women experience an acute loss of control (over their pregnant bodies and over their actions) while simultaneously lacking solid information regarding how to best maintain their health and that of their unborn baby. The findings have important implications for women's health and leisure.
Self-Efficacy and Salivary Cortisol Responses to Acute Exercise in Physically Active and Less Active Adults

Self-efficacy, or beliefs in situation-specific capabilities, is postulated to play a role in the regulation of psychobiological functioning (Bandura, 1991), with a number of studies demonstrating efficacy cognitions to be related to endocrine, catecholamine, and endogenous opioid systems (Bandura, Cioffi, Taylor, & Brouillard, 1988; Bandura, Taylor, Williams, Mefford, & Barchas, 1985; Weidenfeld et al., 1990). Self-efficacy theory also acknowledges the physiologically and psychologically strengthening effects of mastery over adversity, and Bandura (1991) has suggested that successful coping leads to increased efficacy cognitions and dampened biological stress reactions. Furthermore, Dienstbier (1989) has proposed a model of arousal and physiological toughness that postulates mastery experiences to impact upon physiological and psychological functioning. Specific to the present study is the postulation that active toughening in the form of regular aerobic exercise results in suppressed cortisol in the face of stress or challenge, which in turn enhances psychological functioning. Numerous studies have demonstrated that high levels of plasma and salivary cortisol are associated with negative psychological states such as increased depression and dysphoric mood (e.g., Gold et al., 1986; O'Connor, Morgan, Raglin, Barksdale, & Kalin, 1989). However, only one study has demonstrated that high levels of cortisol are related to low self-efficacy. The study, conducted by Weidenfeld et al. (1990), examined the impact on human immune functioning of experimentally varied self-efficacy in coping with a psychological stressor. As it has been demonstrated that cortisol plays a mediating role in immunologic responses to stressors, Weidenfeld and her colleagues hypothesized that increases in self-efficacy during an efficacy-building process would result in decreased cortisol levels in the face of a phobic stressor. They reported that participants who continued to demonstrate elevated cortisol following the efficacy treatments also reported higher levels of stress, and that as a group cortisol levels decreased dramatically from baseline to the early treatment conditions. More important,
Adjectival Modification to Nouns in Mandarin Chinese: Case Studies on “cháng+noun” and “adjective+tú shū gu n”

This paper studies the adjectival modification to nouns in Mandarin Chinese based on selective binding. The main findings include: ⑴An adjective can select different types of head nouns as arguments and an adjective may modify an individual or an event. ⑵The qualia structure of a noun helps us better understand an adjective's selectional preference. Meanwhile, an adjective can modify multi-facet or one facet of the qualia role of a noun. ⑶ The adjacent adjective of a noun is not necessarily modifying the noun.
Diagnostic mRNA Expression Patterns of Inflamed, Benign, and Malignant Colorectal Biopsy Specimen and their Correlation with Peripheral Blood Results

Purpose: Gene expression profile (GEP)–based classification of colonic diseases is a new method for diagnostic purposes. Our aim was to develop diagnostic mRNA expression patterns that may establish the basis of a new molecular biological diagnostic method. Experimental Design: Total RNA was extracted, amplified, and biotinylated from frozen colonic biopsies of patients with colorectal cancer (n = 22), adenoma (n = 20), hyperplastic polyp (n = 11), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 21), and healthy normal controls (n = 11), as well as peripheral blood samples of 19 colorectal cancer and 11 healthy patients. Genome-wide gene expression profile was evaluated by HGU133plus2 microarrays. To identify the differentially expressed features, the significance analysis of microarrays and, for classification, the prediction analysis of microarrays were used. Expression patterns were validated by real-time PCR. Tissue microarray immunohistochemistries were done on tissue samples of 121 patients. Results: Adenoma samples could be distinguished from hyperplastic polyps by the expression levels of nine genes including ATP-binding cassette family A, member 8, insulin-like growth factor 1 and glucagon (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 90.91%). Between low-grade and high-grade dysplastic adenomas, 65 classifier probesets such as aquaporin 1, CXCL10, and APOD (90.91/100) were identified; between colorectal cancer and adenoma, 61 classifier probesets including axin 2, von Willebrand factor, tensin 1, and gremlin 1 (90.91/100) were identified. Early- and advanced-stage colorectal carcinomas could be distinguished using 34 discriminatory transcripts (100/66.67). Conclusions: Whole genomic microarray analysis using routine biopsy samples is suitable for the identification of discriminative signatures for differential diagnostic purposes. Our results may be the basis for new GEP-based diagnostic methods. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(10):2835–45)