Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sanskrit Sandhi Splitting using seq2(seq)2

In Sanskrit, small words (morphemes) are combined to form compound words through a process known as Sandhi. Sandhi splitting is the process of splitting a given compound word into its constituent morphemes. Although rules governing word splitting exists in the language, it is highly challenging to identify the location of the splits in a compound word. Though existing Sandhi splitting systems incorporate these pre-defined splitting rules, they have a low accuracy as the same compound word might be broken down in multiple ways to provide syntactically correct splits. In this research, we propose a novel deep learning architecture called Double Decoder RNN (DD-RNN), which (i) predicts the location of the split(s) with 95% accuracy, and (ii) predicts the constituent words (learning the Sandhi splitting rules) with 79.5% accuracy, outperforming the state-of-art by 20%. Additionally, we show the generalization capability of our deep learning model, by showing competitive results in the problem of Chinese word segmentation, as well.
Neuropsychological correlates of mild to severe hallucinations in Parkinson's disease

The development of visual hallucinations (VH) is a frequent complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Presence of hallucinations is one of the main risk factors associated with dementia, and severity progression of VH mainly contributes to impaired quality of life in PD. The neuropsychological features associated with severity progression of VH are unknown and might help to detect patients at risk of a more severe outcome. We aimed to explore the neuropsychological deficits associated with the different types of VH observed in PD, from minor hallucinations to well‐formed VH with loss of insight. Prospective study of 57 PD patients with (n = 29) and without VH (n = 28) matched for age, education, antiparkinsonian medications, and disease duration. Description of VH was assessed by the Hallucinations and Psychosis item of the MDS‐UPDRS. Cognition was assessed with the Parkinson's Disease‐Cognitive Rating Scale (PD‐CRS) and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS). Patients with minor VH did not differ from patients without VH in any cognitive domain. PD patients with major VH and insight retained performed worse on the action verbal fluency task (P < 0.04), and patients with VH and loss of insight showed a greater impairment on the PD‐CRS posterior cortical score (P = 0.021) and the clock copying item (P = 0.01). A double dissociation was found in the neuropsychological profile of patients with VH with and without loss of insight. While the presence of major VH with insight retained appeared related to a predominant frontal‐striatal impairment, loss of insight was characterized by further impairment of cognitive functions related to posterior cortical areas. A comprehensible continuum pattern of clinical relationships emerged among VH and cognitive functioning in PD. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society.
ReTweeting analysis and prediction in microblogs: An epidemic inspired approach

Microblogs currently play an important role in social communication. Hot topics currently being tweeted can quickly become popular within a very short time as a result of retweeting. Gaining an understanding of the retweeting behavior is desirable for a number of tasks such as topic detection, personalized message recommendation, and fake information monitoring and prevention. Interestingly, the propagation of tweets bears some similarity to the spread of infectious diseases. We present a method to model the tweets' spread behavior in microblogs based on the classic Susceptible-Infectious-Susceptible (SIS) epidemic model that was developed in the medical field for the spread of infectious diseases. On the basis of this model, future retweeting trends can be predicted. Our experiments on data obtained from the Chinese micro-blogging website Sina Weibo show that the proposed model has lower predictive error compared to the four commonly used prediction methods.
Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta1 Gene Polymorphisms in Chronic Heart Failure

Background: As cytokines, including interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) seem to contribute towards the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF), this study was performed to assess the associations of certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these genes in a case control study. Methods: This investigation was carried out to determine the frequency of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes of TGF-β1 and IL-10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 57 Iranian patients with CHF compared with 140 healthy subjects using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers method. Results: Results of the analyzed data divulged a negative association for both TGF-β1 GC genotype at codon 25 (P=0.047) and CT genotype at codon 10 (P=0.018) and CHF proneness. Although, TGF-β1 CC genotype at codon 10 was found to be positively associated with CHF (P=0.011). Moreover, the frequency of IL-10 (−1082, -819, -592) ATA haplotype and TGF-β1 (codon 10, codon 25) TG haplotype were significantly lower in the patients group (P=0.004 and P=0.040, respectively), while TGF-β1 (codon 10, codon 25) CG haplotype was overrepresented in patients with CHF (P=0.007). Conclusions: Cytokine gene polymorphisms might affect vulnerability to CHF. Particular genotypes and haplotypes in IL-10 and TGF-β1 genes could render individuals more susceptible to CHF. (www.actabiomedica.it)
Adaptive resolution image acquisition using image mosaicing technique from video sequence

We propose a layered image mosaicing method from a video sequence to acquire an adaptive resolution image. In research of art, for example, researchers often desires the full view of a painting and the details of certain regions, where fine brush-strokes are in it. The proposed method is to acquire the region of special interest at a fine resolution and the remaining image space at a coarser resolution by using a hand-held video camera which repeats moving, panning, tilting, zooming in and zooming out. To integrate video frames, image mosaicing methods can be used. However, existing mosaicing methods, in general, have a defect, where they perform inefficiently because wide angle image frames are registered after magnification. To solve this problem, the layered image mosaicing method is proposed. The proposed method can reduce processing time while it makes a mosaic image accurately. In this paper, the concept, algorithm and experiments are described. The experiments showed that the method was efficient and accurate for acquisition of an adaptive resolution image.
An electronically reconfigurable reflectarray element based on binary phase shifters for K-band applications

A reflectarray concept which allows electronic beam-steering by using a binary phase approximation is presented. The proposed antenna element works at 24 GHz and is comprised of an aperture-coupled patch antenna with an open-ended microstrip line on the backside to obtain the proper phase distribution on the reflectarray aperture. Electronic beam-steering is achieved by applying PIN diodes on the individual reflectarray elements. To simplify the control process of the antenna, the elements function as one-bit phase shifters either reflecting with a 0° or 180° phase shift. The reflectarray element is verified by measurements obtained with a prototype in a waveguide simulator setup.
SUSTAINABLE LIFESTYLES – HOW VALUES AFFECT SUSTAINABLE PRACTISES IDENTITIES

This paper presents a project that explores how different values and lifestyle choices are related to sustainable practices. The goal has been to develop an understanding of both complexity in people’s everyday practices as well as patterns in this complexity to be used when designing interventions for sustainable lifestyles. In the project, we have used a mixed methods approach in order to develop a more comprehensive picture of both the larger patterns of the complexities of everyday practices as well as the particulars of sustainability engagement in Sweden. In this paper we present the initial results from a Swedish study of people with different values and their relations to sustainability, based on Schwartz Theory of Basic Human Values. In particular, we present their overall perspective on sustainability, their existing sustainable practices, and their needs for transitions towards more sustainable lifestyles.
The Structure of Nominalization in Burmese

This thesis examines the ways in which the Burmese past has been investigated, described and exhibited during the twentieth century. Of particular interest are the careers and published work of the British colonial scholars who initiated the western study of Burmese history in the early twentieth century. It is argued that during this period the British introduced new genres and institutional structures for the writing, conservation and exhibition of Burma’s past, which, in the long term, precipitated a significant rupture in Burmese conceptions of the past. This research goes beyond an analysis of orientalism in British colonial historiography. By exploring the themes, styles and literary forms which British scholars used to think about the Burmese past this thesis traces the development of key colonial ideas and approaches. The continuing use and adaptation of these colonial approaches to the Burmese past is also investigated and is related, in turn, to the writing and exhibiting of Burmese history in the nationalist and contemporary periods. Clearly the British did not manufacture everything that is known about Burmese history today, yet it is important to emphasise that current conceptions of the Burmese past are to a large degree filtered through the literary genres and historical institutions established by the British in Burma.
The Heat Shock Protein YbeY Is Required for Optimal Activity of the 30 S Ribosomal Subunit

The highly conserved bacterial ybeY gene is a heat shock gene whose function is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that the YbeY protein is involved in protein synthesis, as Escherichia coli mutants with ybeY deleted exhibit severe translational defects in vivo. Here we show that the in vitro activity of the translation machinery of ybeY deletion mutants is significantly lower than that of the wild type. We also show that the lower efficiency of the translation machinery is due to impaired 30S small ribosomal subunits.
Risk factors associated with positive surgical margins following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: Can nerve-sparing surgery increase the risk?

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative and surgical parameters, including nerve-sparing technique, on the risk of positive surgical margins (PSM) following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Material and methods. A prospective consecutive single-institution Danish cohort of 1148 patients undergoing RP between 1995 and 2011 was investigated. To analyse the impact of covariates on risk of PSM, a multivariate logistic regression model was used, including cT category, biopsy Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), percentage positive biopsies for cancer (PPB), surgeon and surgical technique. Results. The overall rate of PSM was 31.4%. The risk of PSM depended (p value for Wald χ 2 ) on PSA (p < 0.0001), PPB (p = 0.003), nerve-sparing surgery (p = 0.03) and the surgeon (p < 0.0001). For every doubling of PSA, the risk of PSM increased by 56%, beginning at 0.5 ng/ml [odds ratio (OR) = 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–1.9, p < 0.01], and every 10% increase in PPB resulted in an 11% increased risk of PSM (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.0–1.2, p = 0.002). Two out of the six surgeons had a 50% reduction of risk of PSM compared to the referent surgeon. Nerve-sparing surgery increased the risk of PSM by 50% compared to wide resection (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.1, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Both preoperative and surgical parameters affect the risk of PSM after radical prostatectomy. Surgeon and high preoperative PSA, PPB and cT category were confirmed as predictors of PSM. Surprisingly, nerve-sparing surgery was independently associated with increased risk of PSM. The correct selection of candidates for nerve-sparing surgery remains unresolved.
Effect of disease activity and damage on quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a 2‐year prospective study

Objectives: To examine the effect of disease activity and damage on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Consecutive SLE patients and matched controls were recruited for a study of HRQoL using the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 (SF‐36). SLE activity and damage was assessed by the Safety of Oestrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA‐SLEDAI) and the American College of Rheumatology/Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (ACR/SLICC) Damage Index (SDI), respectively. Patients were prospectively followed for repeat HRQoL assessment at 2 years. The effects of cumulative disease activity and new damage on changes in SF‐36 scores were evaluated. Results: One hundred and fifty‐five patients were studied (94% women; age 37.8±11.3 years; SLE duration 7.2±5.4 years). Fifty (32%) patients had active disease and 75 (48%) had organ damage at baseline. Compared with age‐ and gender‐matched controls, SLE patients had lower SF‐36 scores, and the difference remained significant after adjustment for income and education level. SF‐36 scores in SLE patients correlated inversely with SDI but not with SELENA‐SLEDAI scores. After 2 years, there was a significant drop in the mental component score of the SF‐36. Regression analysis revealed that new damage was the only determinant for a reduction in SF‐36 scores. Patients with higher cumulative disease activity had a greater drop in bodily pain and general health subscores. Conclusions: Impaired HRQoL is more common in SLE patients than controls, regardless of age, sex, education and poverty. Pre‐existing organ damage is associated with poorer HRQoL and new damage predicts a further decline in HRQoL. Persistent disease activity is associated with deterioration in certain domains of the SF‐36.
Modification and identification of glutamate residues at the arginine-recognition site in the catalytic subunit of adenosine 3' :5'-cyclic monophosphate-dependent protein kinase of rabbit skeletal muscle.

It has been proposed that the active centre of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase contains an arginine-recognition site, which is considered to be essential for the function of the catalytic subunit of the kinase [Matsuo, Huang & Huang (1978) Biochem. J.173, 441-447]. The catalytic subunit can be inactivated by 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-ethylcarbodi-imide and glycine ethyl ester at pH6.5. The enzyme can be protected from inactivation by preincubation with histone, a protein substrate of the enzyme. On the other hand, ATP, which also serves as a protein kinase substrate, does not afford protection. Polyarginine, a competitive inhibitor of protein kinase, which is known from kinetic studies to interact specifically with the arginine-recognition site, partially protects the catalytic subunit from inactivation by 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-1-ethylcarbodi-imide. These results lead to the conclusion that the site of modification by carbodi-imide/glycine ethyl ester is most likely located at the arginine-recognition site of the active centre. A value of 1.7+/-0.2 (mean+/-s.d.) mol of carboxy groups per mol of catalytic subunit has been obtained for the number of essential carboxy groups for the function of protein kinase; a complete chemical modification of these essential carboxy groups results in total loss of catalytic activity. Finally, we have identified the essential carboxy group in the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase as being derived from glutamate residues. This is achieved by a three-step procedure involving an extensive proteolytic digestion of the [1-(14)C]glycine ethyl ester-modified enzyme and two successive high-voltage electrophoreses of the hydrolysate. It is concluded that 1.7mol of glutamyl carboxy groups per mol of catalytic subunit may be considered a component of the arginine-recognition site in the active centre of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Face agnosia and the neural substrates of memory.

Focal damage to selective regions of the human association cortices can impair the ability to recognize the identity of previously familiar faces, even when visual perception and intellect remain unaltered. In general, the impairment is accompanied by an inability to learn the identity of new faces. The phenomenon has been noted since the turn of the century (Wilbrand 1892), and is known as prosopagnosia, or face agnosia. Its bizarre and unseeming nature lent itself to doubts that it could be caused by specific neural dysfunction, and psychodynamic interpretations were even offered. Recently, however, face agnosia has become the focus of serious study (e.g. Lhermitte et al 1972, Meadows 1974, Newcombe 1979, Benton 1980, Damasio et al 1982). Face agnosia, along with the varied neuropsychological disturbances that may accompany it, can now be analyzed with experimental paradigms and correlated with neuroanatomical loci of damage identified by neuroimaging methods. This affords a rare opportunity to elucidate cognitive and neural mechanisms of perception, learning, and memory in humans.
Electroaugmentation of Ventricular Performance and Oxygen Consumption by Repetitive Application of Paired Electrical Stimuli

When a depolarizing stimulus is delivered to the ventricle immediately following the refractory period, little extrasystolic contraction occurs and repetitive paired stimulation then results in a marked and sustained improvement of ventricular performance which has been termed electroaugmentation. The present study characterizes this augmentation and its effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). In 45 experiments on 14 dogs in which mean aortic pressure and stroke volume were held constant by right heart bypass, a change from single to paired stimulation at identical contraction rates markedly increased the performance of the left ventricle as evidenced by shortening of ejection time increase in left ventricular dp/dt, stroke power, and peak ejection rate, and sometimes a fall in end diastolic pressure. Similar resul were obtained after administration of resepine or nethalide. In 15 experiments on 11 dogs the stroke volume of the left ventricle was varied during single and paired stimulation. Improvement in left ventricular performance during paired stimulation was always evidenced by increased speed of contractic and an upward displacement of the curvesrelating end diastolic pressure to stroke powe mean and peak ejection rates, and some times by an upward displacement of the curves relating end diastolic pressure to stroke volume and stroke work. In eight experiments MV˙O2 was determined during single and paired stimulation, stroke volume, mean aortic pressure, and contraction rate being held constant. Paired stimulation always increased MV˙O2 the average increase being 35%. Despite the rise in MV˙O2, a reduction in the tension-time index always occurred. These studies indicate that repetitive paired stimulation exerts a powerful and sustained positive inotropic in fluence on the mammalian ventricle and that at a relatively constant level of external world the increased velocity of ventricular contraction which accompanies this effect results in an increase in MV˙O2.
A simulated annealing algorithm for aggregate production planning with considering of ancillary costs

In this paper, aggregate production planning model has been presented that considers maintenance time and costs. In the proposed model, optimal production and optimal time of preventive maintenance are concurrently determined. To validate the model and to study effects of maintenance on the aggregate production planning model, one can reduce total cost by integrating these two models with the help of numerical examples that was solved by parallel simulated annealing algorithm. The results showed that the applied simulated annealing algorithm was much more effective than the solutions obtained by Gams.22.
Glyceroneogenesis Is the Dominant Pathway for Triglyceride Glycerol Synthesis in Vivo in the Rat*

Triglyceride synthesis in mammalian tissues requires glycerol 3-phosphate as the source of triglyceride glycerol. In this study the relative contribution of glyceroneogenesis and glycolysis to triglyceride glycerol synthesis was quantified in vivo in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver of the rat in response to a chow diet (controls), 48-h fast, and lipogenic (high sucrose) diet. The rate of glyceroneogenesis was quantified using the tritium ([3H2]O) labeling of body water, and the contribution of glucose, via glycolysis, was determined using a [U-14C]glucose tracer. In epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue of control rats, glyceroneogenesis accounted for ∼90% of triglyceride glycerol synthesis. Fasting for 48 h did not alter glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue, whereas the contribution of glucose was negligible. In response to sucrose feeding, the synthesis of triglyceride glycerol via both glyceroneogenesis and glycolysis nearly doubled (versus controls); however, glyceroneogenesis remained quantitatively higher as compared with the contribution of glucose. Enhancement of triglyceride-fatty acid cycling by epinephrine infusion resulted in a higher rate of glyceroneogenesis in adipose tissue, as compared with controls, whereas the contribution of glucose via glycolysis was not measurable. Glyceroneogenesis provided the majority of triglyceride glycerol in the gastrocnemius and soleus. In the liver the fractional contribution of glyceroneogenesis remained constant (∼60%) under all conditions and was higher than that of glucose. Thus, glyceroneogenesis, in contrast to glucose, via glycolysis, is quantitatively the predominant source of triglyceride glycerol in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver of the rat during fasting and high sucrose feeding.