Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The evaluation and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury

Contents: Preface. B.P. Uzzell, Mild Head Injury: Much Ado About Something. J.F. Malec, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Scope of the Problem. R.N. Varney, R.J. Roberts, Forces and Accelerations in Car Accidents and Resultant Brain Injuries. Y. King Liu, Biomechanics of "Low-Velocity Impact" Head Injury. E.D. Bigler, Neuroimaging in Mild TBI. J.T. Barth, R.N. Varney, R.A. Ruchinskas, J.P. Francis, Mild Head Injury: The New Frontier in Sports Medicine. R.M. Ruff, Discipline-Specific Approach Versus Individual Care. N.R. Varney, Posttraumatic Anosmia and Orbital Frontal Injury. T. Hart, M.F. Schwartz, N. Mayer, Executive Function: Some Current Theories and Their Applications. V.M. Neppe, G.T. Goodwin, The Neuropsychiatric Evaluation of the Closed Head Injury of Transient Type (CHIT). R.J. Roberts, Epilepsy Spectrum Disorder in the Context of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J.S. Hayes, R.C. Hilsabeck, W.D. Gouvier, Malingering Traumatic Brain Injury: Current Issues and Caveats in Assessment and Classification. L.I. Cripe, The Use of the MMPI With Mild Closed Head Injury. R.M. Ruff, I. Grant, Postconcussional Disorder: Background to DSM-IV and Future Considerations. G.J. Larrabee, Current Controversies in Mild Head Injury: Scientific and Methodologic Considerations. T.W. McAllister, L.A. Flashman, Mild Brain Injury and Mood Disorders: Causal Connections, Assessment, and Treatment. M.E. Hines, Posttraumatic Headaches. C.T. Gualtieri, The Pharmacologic Treatment of Mild Brain Injury. V.M. Neppe, Integration of the Evaluation and Management of the Transient Closed Head Injury Patient: Some Directions. C.S. Kubu, Emotion Recognition and Psychosocial Behavior in Closed Head Injury. K. Chwalisz, The Problem of Comorbidity in Spouses. C.T. Siders, Therapy for Spouses of Head Injured Patients. M.A. Roberts, Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Children and Adolescents.
Parasite genetic diversity does not influence TNF-mediated effects on the virulence of primary rodent malaria infections

The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is associated with malaria virulence (disease severity) in both rodents and humans. We are interested in whether parasite genetic diversity influences TNF-mediated effects on malaria virulence. Here, primary infections with genetically distinct Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi (P.c.c.) clones varied in the virulence and cytokine responses induced in female C57BL/6 mice. Even when parasitaemia was controlled for, a greater day 7 TNF-α response was induced by infection with more virulent P.c. c. clones. Since many functions of TNF-α are exerted through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), a TNFR-1 fusion protein (TNFR-Ig) was used to investigate whether TNFR1 blockade eliminated clone virulence differences. We found that TNFR-1 blockade ameliorated the weight loss but not the anaemia induced by malaria infection, regardless of P.c. c. clone. We show that distinct P.c. c. infections induced significantly different plasma interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels. Our results demonstrate that regardless of P.c. c. genotype, blocking TNFR1 signalling protected against weight loss, but had negligible effects on both anaemia and asexual parasite kinetics. Thus, during P.c. c. infection, TNF-α is a key mediator of weight loss, independent of parasite load and across parasite genotypes.
A User-Customizable Urban Traffic Information Collection Method Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Traffic monitoring can efficiently promote urban planning and encourage better use of public transport. Efficient traffic information collection is one important part of traffic monitoring systems. Based on a technique using wireless sensor networks (WSNs), this paper provides a flexible framework for regional traffic information collection in accordance with user request. This framework serves as a basis for future research in designing and implementing traffic monitoring applications. A two-layer network architecture is established for traffic information acquisition in the context of a WSN environment. In addition, a user-customizable data-centric routing scheme is proposed for traffic information delivery, in which multiple routing-related information is considered for decision-making to meet different user requirements. Simulations have shown good performance of the proposed routing scheme compared with other traditional routing schemes on a real-world urban traffic network.
Uzbek-English and Turkish-English Morpheme Alignment Corpora

Morphologically-rich languages pose problems for machine translation (MT) systems, including word-alignment errors, data sparsity and multiple affixes. Current alignment models at word-level do not distinguish words and morphemes, thus yielding low-quality alignment and subsequently affecting end translation quality. Models using morpheme-level alignment can reduce the vocabulary size of morphologically-rich languages and overcomes data sparsity. The alignment data based on smallest units reveals subtle language features and enhances translation quality. Recent research proves such morpheme-level alignment (MA) data to be valuable linguistic resources for SMT, particularly for languages with rich morphology. In support of this research trend, the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) created Uzbek-English and Turkish-English alignment data which are manually aligned at the morpheme level. This paper describes the creation of MA corpora, including alignment and tagging process and approaches, highlighting annotation challenges and specific features of languages with rich morphology. The light tagging annotation on the alignment layer adds extra value to the MA data, facilitating users in flexibly tailoring the data for various MT model training.
Electrical resonance instability study in traction systems

Traction system stability can be affected by the interaction between the traction load and resonances in the railway traction grid. This paper presents an electrical resonance instability study applied to traction systems. The influence of traction section length and converter time delay on traction system stability is analyzed with examples. An impedance-based representation of the traction system is used to identify the resonances and analyze stability problems. PSCAD/EMTDC time-domain simulations are also shown to validate the stability study.
Pendekatan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berpusatkan Pelajar dalam Kecemerlangan Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam dan Guru di Sekolah Menengah: Satu Kajian Kes (Teaching and Learning-Centered Approach Student among Islamic Education Outstanding Teacher and Teachers in Secondary Schools: A Case Study)

Pengajaran dan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar merupakan satu kaedah terkini di mana terdapat komunikasi dua hala di antara guru dan pelajar. Pelajar bukan sahaja bergantung kepada pengajaran guru tetapi juga boleh menjana idea sendiri bagaimana untuk menyelesaikan masalah yang diberi. Proses pemahaman akan menjadi lebih mudah jika pelajar melibatkan diri dalam pembelajaran yang sedang berlangsung dan ia juga boleh meningkatkan daya ingatan pelajar terhadap ilmu yang diberikan oleh guru. Artikel ini akan membincangkan bagaimana kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar yang digunakan oleh guru cemerlang pendidikan islam. Kajian dilaksanakan di lapan buah sekolah menengah di Malaysia yang melibatkan temu bual bersama GCPI, rakan guru, pelajar, dan pengetua atau Penolong Kanan sekolah. Hasil temu bual ini kemudian disusun tadbir dengan program N'vivo versi 7.0 untuk menghasilkan tema dan jadual matriks berkaitan dengan kaedah pengajaran dan pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar yang membantu kecemerlangan GCPI. Hasil daripada kajian yang di jalankan didapati terdapat empat kaedah yang paling banyak dipraktikkan oleh GCPI dalam menjalankan aktiviti berpusatkan pelajar semasa proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran iaitu latihan tubi, pembelajaran kendiri, perbincangan kumpulan, pembentangan, amali dan membuat nota ringkas. (English Translation: Student-centered teaching and learning is one of the latest of which there is two-way communication between teachers and students. Students are not only depends on the teacher, but also can generate their own ideas of how to solve a problem. Understanding the process will be easier if students engage in ongoing learning and it also can improve memory in students' knowledge provided by the teacher. This article will discuss how teaching methods and student-centered learning used by teachers of Islamic Education. Studies carried out from eight secondary schools in Malaysia that involves interviews with GCPI, colleagues, students, and senior assistant principals or school. The interviews are then analyzed with program N'vivo version 7.0 to create a theme and matrix associated with teaching and learning methods that help GCPI to used student-centered methods. Results from a study conducted found there are four methods most widely practiced GCPI in student-centered activities during the process of teaching and learning such as drills, self-study, group discussions, presentations, practicals, and manage brief notes).
New modulation and control scheme for phase-modular isolated matrix-type three-phase AC/DC converter

A phase-modular isolated three-phase AC/DC converter topology and its modulation and control scheme is proposed. The topology, denominated as IMY-Rectifier, is based on a star connection of single-phase mains frequency to high frequency AC/AC matrix converters at the input, feeding high-frequency isolation transformers. The transformer secondary windings are connected in series to the input of a diode rectifier with LC output filter. The converter provides a controlled output voltage and sinusoidal input currents in phase with the mains voltages. A description of the converter, its operating principle and an analytical calculation of the component stresses is presented.
MODEL ADAPTATION FOR DIALOG ACT TAGGING

In this paper, we analyze the effect of model adaptation for dialog act tagging. The goal of adaptation is to improve the performance of the tagger using out-of-domain data or models. Dialog act tagging aims to provide a basis for further discourse analysis and understanding in conversational speech. In this study we used the ICSI meeting corpus with high-level meeting recognition dialog act (MRDA) tags, that is, question, statement, backchannel, disruptions, and floor grabbers/holders. We performed controlled adaptation experiments using the Switchboard (SWBD) corpus with SWBD-DAMSL tags as the out-of-domain corpus. Our results indicate that we can achieve significantly better dialog act tagging by automatically selecting a subset of the Switchboard corpus and combining the confidences obtained by both in-domain and out-of-domain models via logistic regression, especially when the in-domain data is limited.
Preparation and properties of a cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum.

I describe the characterization, extraction, and purification of a cholesterol:oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.3.6) from Nocardia sp. This enzyme catalyzes oxidation of cholesterol to Δ4-choIestenone, with production of hydrogen peroxide. It is very stable, active over a wide pH range, and has a Km of 1.4 x 10-5 mol/ liter. It is highly specific for Δ4- or Δ5-3β-hydroxycholestanes, and may be applied to the assay of serum total cholesterol. In the procedure presented here, hydrogen peroxide is measured by reaction with quadrivalent titanium and xylenol orange. This constitutes a one-enzyme assay with stable reagents, which does not require protein precipitation and is not subject to interference from hemoglobin or bilirubin.
Maintaining variance and k-medians over data stream windows

The sliding window model is useful for discounting stale data in data stream applications. In this model, data elements arrive continually and only the most recent N elements are used when answering queries. We present a novel technique for solving two important and related problems in the sliding window model---maintaining variance and maintaining a k--median clustering. Our solution to the problem of maintaining variance provides a continually updated estimate of the variance of the last N values in a data stream with relative error of at most ε using O(1/ε2 log N) memory. We present a constant-factor approximation algorithm which maintains an approximate k--median solution for the last N data points using O(k/τ4 N2τ log2 N) memory, where τ < 1/2 is a parameter which trades off the space bound with the approximation factor of O(2O(1/τ)).
Optimization of transcription factor binding map accuracy utilizing knockout-mouse models

Genome-wide assessment of protein–DNA interaction by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by massive parallel sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a key technology for studying transcription factor (TF) localization and regulation of gene expression. Signal-to-noise-ratio and signal specificity in ChIP-seq studies depend on many variables, including antibody affinity and specificity. Thus far, efforts to improve antibody reagents for ChIP-seq experiments have focused mainly on generating higher quality antibodies. Here we introduce KOIN (knockout implemented normalization) as a novel strategy to increase signal specificity and reduce noise by using TF knockout mice as a critical control for ChIP-seq data experiments. Additionally, KOIN can identify ‘hyper ChIPable regions’ as another source of false-positive signals. As the use of the KOIN algorithm reduces false-positive results and thereby prevents misinterpretation of ChIP-seq data, it should be considered as the gold standard for future ChIP-seq analyses, particularly when developing ChIP-assays with novel antibody reagents.
Model Based Targeting of IL-6-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Primary Hepatocytes to Improve Application of the JAK Inhibitor Ruxolitinib

IL-6 is a central mediator of the immediate induction of hepatic acute phase proteins (APP) in the liver during infection and after injury, but increased IL-6 activity has been associated with multiple pathological conditions. In hepatocytes, IL-6 activates JAK1-STAT3 signaling that induces the negative feedback regulator SOCS3 and expression of APPs. While different inhibitors of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3-signaling have been developed, understanding their precise impact on signaling dynamics requires a systems biology approach. Here we present a mathematical model of IL-6-induced JAK1-STAT3 signaling that quantitatively links physiological IL-6 concentrations to the dynamics of IL-6-induced signal transduction and expression of target genes in hepatocytes. The mathematical model consists of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODE) and the model parameters were estimated by a maximum likelihood approach, whereas identifiability of the dynamic model parameters was ensured by the Profile Likelihood. Using model simulations coupled with experimental validation we could optimize the long-term impact of the JAK-inhibitor Ruxolitinib, a therapeutic compound that is quickly metabolized. Model-predicted doses and timing of treatments helps to improve the reduction of inflammatory APP gene expression in primary mouse hepatocytes close to levels observed during regenerative conditions. The concept of improved efficacy of the inhibitor through multiple treatments at optimized time intervals was confirmed in primary human hepatocytes. Thus, combining quantitative data generation with mathematical modeling suggests that repetitive treatment with Ruxolitinib is required to effectively target excessive inflammatory responses without exceeding doses recommended by the clinical guidelines.
Differential Apoptosis Radiosensitivity of Neural Progenitors in Adult Mouse Hippocampus

Mammalian tissue-specific stem cells and progenitors demonstrate differential DNA damage response. Neural progenitors in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are known to undergo apoptosis after irradiation. Using a mouse model of hippocampal neuronal development, we characterized the apoptosis sensitivity of the different neural progenitor subpopulations in adult mouse dentate gyrus after irradiation. Two different bromodeoxyuridine incorporation paradigms were used for cell fate mapping. We identified two apoptosis sensitive neural progenitor subpopulations after irradiation. The first represented non-proliferative and non-newborn neuroblasts and immature neurons that expressed doublecortin, calretinin or both. The second consisted of proliferative intermediate neural progenitors. The putative radial glia-like neural stem cells or type-1 cells, regardless of proliferation status, were apoptosis resistant after irradiation. There was no evidence of radiation-induced apoptosis in the absence of the Trp53 (p53) gene but absence of Cdkn1a (p21) did not alter the apoptotic response. Upregulation of nuclear p53 was observed in neuroblasts after irradiation. We conclude that adult hippocampal neural progenitors may demonstrate differential p53-dependent apoptosis sensitivity after irradiation.
Multivariate sexual selection on male song structure in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae)

While a number of studies have measured multivariate sexual selection acting on sexual signals in wild populations, few have confirmed these findings with experimental manipulation. Sagebrush crickets are ideally suited to such investigations because mating imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males arising from nuptial feeding by females. We quantified sexual selection operating on male song by recording songs of virgin and mated males captured from three wild populations. To determine the extent to which selection on male song is influenced by female preference, we conducted a companion study in which we synthesized male songs and broadcast them to females in choice trials. Multivariate selection analysis revealed a saddle-shaped fitness surface, the highest peak of which corresponded to longer train and pulse durations, and longer intertrain intervals. Longer trains and pulses likely promote greater mate attraction, but selection for longer intertrain durations suggests that energetic constraints may necessitate “time outs”. Playback trials confirmed the selection for longer train and pulse durations, and revealed significant stabilizing selection on dominant frequency, suggesting that the female auditory system is tightly tuned to the species-specific call frequency. Collectively, our results revealed a complex pattern of multivariate nonlinear selection characterized primarily by strong stabilizing and disruptive selection on male song traits.
Urine Output During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Predicts Acute Kidney Injury After Cardiac Surgery

AbstractUrine output is closely associated with renal function and has been used as a diagnostic criterion for acute kidney injury (AKI). However, urine output during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has never been identified as a predictor of postoperative AKI. Considering altered renal homeostasis during CPB, we made a comprehensible approach to CPB urine output and evaluated its predictability for AKI.Patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery with the use of CPB, between January 2009 and December 2011, were retrospectively reviewed. AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL in the first postoperative 48 hours. We extrapolated a possible optimal amount of urine output from the plot of probability of AKI development according to CPB urine output. After separating patients by the predicted optimal value, we performed stepwise logistic regression analyses to find potential predictors of AKI in both subgroups.A total of 696 patients were analyzed. The amount of CPB urine output had a biphasic association with the incidence of AKI using 4 mL/kg/h as a boundary value. In a multivariate logistic regression to find predictors for AKI in entire patients, CPB urine output did not show statistical significance. After separating patients into subgroups with CPB urine output below and over 4 mL/kg/h, it was identified as an independent predictor for AKI with the odds ratio of 0.43 (confidence interval 0.30–0.61) and 1.11 (confidence interval 1.02–1.20), respectively.The amount of urine output during CPB with careful analysis may serve as a simple and feasible method to predict the development of AKI after cardiac surgery at an early time point.
The Essential Social Worker: An Introduction to Professional Practice in the 1990s

Contents: A Framework for the 1990s: The historical context The policy context: child protection Children with disabilities People with learning disabilities Elder-care Mental health Probation. The Theory and Practice of Maintenance: The social workera (TM)s role Clients point the way: eight lessons to learn Towards a theory of maintenance The achievement of change Power and responsibility Pro-active involvement in the community. Dimensions of Practice: First encounter: the client enters an alien world Who is the client? Who determines the action? Speech: the social workera (TM)s basic tool The social workera (TM)s use of self Beyond the use of self. In Conclusion: Skills, knowledge and qualities in the essential social worker Bibliography Indices.
On transmission of a remote source with secrecy constraints over noisy channels

The problem of transmitting a remote source via multiple agents to a single destination is considered with secrecy constraints. In particular, noisy versions of a source are observed by multiple agents who then encode and transmit their observations to a decoder over dedicated noisy channel. The decoder should be able to reconstruct the remote source within a certain distortion limit. In addition, there exists an eavesdropper with correlated side information to the source who is capable of wiretapping the links from the agents to the decoder so as to extract as much information as possible about the source. Therefore, the agents should encode their observations in such a way that while as less information as possible is leaked to the eavesdropper the decoder can satisfy the distortion constraint. For this problem, we study the tradeoffs among agents' transmission rates, experienced distortion at the destination, and equivocation rates at the eavesdropper, and provide an achievable region.
The Diet–Lifestyle Index evaluating the quality of eating and lifestyle behaviours in relation to the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adolescents

We sought to develop an index that incorporated various dietary and lifestyle behaviours that are associated with overweight/obesity status in adolescents. We assigned discrete scores into each component of the proposed index. The Diet–Lifestyle Index ranged from 11 to 57. We examined the accuracy of the index in relation to adolescents’ body mass status using a sample of 2,008 students. The mean score of the index was 30.9±5.2 for boys and 31.4±4.7 for girls. The index was inversely associated with the odds of being obese/overweight (odds ratio = 0.93, 95% confidence interval=0.90–0.96), after adjusting for age and gender. Particularly, an 11/57-unit increase of the index was associated with a 6% and 9% decrease in the odds of being overweight/obesity in boys and girls, respectively (P<0.001). Thus, the proposed Diet–Lifestyle Index could be a useful tool in a primary healthcare setting for preventing obesity in adolescence.