Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE TERM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE RE-NEGOTIATED

Implementing Open Source Software (OSS) technology (tools and practices) entails potential for radical organisational transformation of software production. Not going there yet, this paper discusses the local re-negotiation of the term OSS itself in certain case companies. We claim that these processes (1. organisational change, and 2. renegotiation of the term OSS) are intertwined. Renegotiation of the term is needed in order to create an understanding of what it means to leverage OSS locally. Based on a systematic literature review, we investigate two cases to outline what kind of renegotiation of the term occurs when a company alters it's software production. Initial findings indicate that future research on organizational OSS may benefit from a more critical review of the processes occurring under the term OSS.
MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS AND MANAGERIAL COMMITMENT TO INNOVATION IN M-FORM FIRMS

Acquisitive growth has become a highly popular strategy in recent years. Thus, more attention has been focused on its outcomes. This paper presents theory suggesting a tradeoff between growth by acquisition and managerial commitment to innovation. The model developed herein proposes that the acquisition process, and the resulting conditions after the acquisition is consummated, affect managerial commitment to innovation. Specifically, the extent to which acquisitions serve as a substitute for innovation, energy and attention required during negotiations, increased use of leverage, increased size, and greater diversification may affect managers' dime and risk orientations. Because of these effects, managers may reduce their comnmitment to innovation. The implications of the relationships specified in the model are also examined.
Assessment of the quantity of microorganisms associated with bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage after periodontal treatment: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Introduction The association between periodontal disease (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely studied, with aspiration of periodontal pathogens being one of the most accepted causal mechanisms for pulmonary exacerbation. Periodontal treatment (PT) was associated with a decrease in these exacerbations. Bronchiectasis is a pulmonary disease that has many similarities to COPD; however, there are no studies correlating this condition to PD thus far. This study will evaluate if PT reduces proinflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva, as well as halitosis and the amount of microorganisms associated with exacerbation of bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage 3 months after PT. Methods and analysis A total of 182 patients with PD and bronchiectasis will be randomly allocated to group 1 (positive control; scaling and root planing (SRP)+oral hygiene (OH)) or group 2 (experimental; SRP+photodynamic therapy+OH). After 3 months, samples of saliva, nasal lavage and sputum will be collected to determine the level of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Porphyromonas gingivalis by quantitative PCR. This protocol will determine the efficacy of PT in reducing the most likely niches of bronchiectasis exacerbation by comparing pre- and post-treatment microbiology samples. Furthermore, there will be assessment of oral halitosis and verification of inflammatory cytokines in serum and saliva. Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Universidade Nove de Julho. Data will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number NCT02514226.
The Mutual Fund Business

Part 1 Overview: indirect investing - mutual funds versus commercial banks evolution of funds and investors regulation of mutual funds and required disclosure. Part 2 Portfolio management and equity trading: portfolio management of stocks brokerage transaction for mutual funds. Part 3 Marketing and servicing of fund shareholders: mutual fund marketing retirement plans and the fund business servicing fund shareholders. Part 4 Advanced topics: financial dynamics of mutual funds mutual funds as institutional investors the role of technology in mutual fund complexes internationalization of mutual funds.
Post-Resolution Treatment of Depositors at Failed Banks: Implications for the Severity of Banking Crises, Systemic Risk, and Too-Big-To-Fail

Losses may accrue to depositors at insolvent banks both at and after the time of official resolution. Losses at resolution occur because of poor closure rules and regulatory forbearance. Losses after resolution occur if depositors' access to their claims is delayed or frozen. While the sources and implications of losses at resolution have been analyzed previously, the sources and implications of losses after resolution have received little attention. This paper examines the causes of delayed depositors' access to their funds at resolved banks, describes how the FDIC provides immediate access, reports on a special survey of access practices in other countries, and analyzes the costs and benefits of delayed access in terms of both the effects on market discipline and depositor pressure to protect all deposits.
Pre-Clinical Study on the Detection of Simulated Epileptic Seizures

Wearable devices have promoted the application of Human Activity Recognition to the development of techniques for the assessment or diagnosing of illnesses and seizures, among other applications. For instance, the use of tri-axial accelerometry (3DACM) to detect abnormal and sudden movements has been introduced in the epileptic seizure recognition. In a previous research, Fuzzy Rule Based Classifiers (FRBC) have been found valid for the detection of epileptic convulsions; however, Ant Colony Systems learned FRBC performed with a high variability depending on the training data. In this study, we cope with this problem by the selection of a suitable partitioning method that has been extended to generate Fuzzy partitions. The comparison with the previous obtained results shows the fuzzy partitioning does not improve the overall performance in terms of error but highly reduces the variability in the performance of the obtained models, which allows us to obtain general models.
Personal financial planning advice: barriers to access

With the move towards a society where responsibility has been placed upon the individual to make financial provision for future events, comes the need for individuals to be able to interact with the financial services sector and make informed decisions regarding their financial choices. This research focuses on the barriers that influence why and how consumers access advice from Regulated Financial Advisers. Three key variables are highlighted by this research that each affect the consumer’s ability to access regulated financial advice; Firstly, knowledge, where sub-themes relating to need, knowledge of services and ‘finding an adviser’ were identified. These highlighted the concept of advice not generally being the ‘subjective norm’. Secondly, trust, where the concepts of ‘general trust’ and ‘individual trust’ emerged along with the issues surrounding consumers’ abilities to apply ‘critical trust’. Thirdly, affordability and cost, which includes the consumer’s appreciation of the value of advice. Finally, this research asks whether consumers are overwhelmed by the extent of the provision they need to make to shape their financial future. It therefore begs the question as to whether the degree to which the welfare state has already been rolled back has resulted in financial planning issues beyond the capabilities of most consumers.
Narcolepsy in Southern Chinese patients: clinical characteristics, HLA typing and seasonality of birth

Objective: To report clinical characteristics, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing and seasonality of birth of a series of 54 Southern Chinese patients suffering from narcolepsy. Methods: All subjects underwent detailed medical and psychiatric interviews and a standardised nocturnal polysomnogram followed by a daytime Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Each subject also completed a set of sleep questionnaires. HLA typing was performed in 91% of subjects. Results: A total of 78% and 22% of patients were diagnosed with suffering from cataplectic and non-cataplectic narcolepsy, respectively. The majority (n = 47, 87%) of patients were referred to our sleep clinic for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). The cataplectic narcolepsy differed from non-cataplectic narcolepsy by having more rapid eye movement (REM)-related clinical symptoms (more sleep paralysis and sleep-related hallucination) and sleep disturbances (shorter REM latency), as well as tighter association with HLA DQB1*0602. A bi-modal peak pattern was observed at 11 and 39 years old. A similar bi-modal pattern also occurred for EDS and cataplexy. Excess winter births were observed for this series of patients. 81% of patients with cataplectic narcolepsy were DQB1*0602-positive. There were no differences between early- and late-onset cases in the association with positive DQB1*0602 (71.4% vs 60%). Narcolepsy had prominent pernicious effects on various social, academic, family and mental aspects in our patients. Conclusions: In our Southern Chinese narcolepsy series, bi-modal peak pattern of age of onset, excess winter birth and tight association of HLA DQB1*0602 with cataplectic narcolepsy were found.
Terahertz wave generation using the Doppler effect in photoexcited semiconductors

Doppler frequency up conversion using optically generated electron-hole plasma in a planar transmission line has been investigated as a potential means for generating high power terahertz waves. Experiments performed at millimeter wavelengths have clearly proved that the Doppler frequency conversion with a frequency up conversion ratio of more than five can be achieved in a slotline with an optically excited silicon substrate.
The Present Status of

HE CONTINUOUS POPULATION growth T in California and accompanying expansion of the livestock and poultry industries, have focused increasing attention on the age-old problem of control of houseflies. This problem is particularly serious near poultry ranches, dairies, and cattle feedlots, all of which provide breeding sites for flies. Some of these operations were originally established several miles away from residential areas, but have eventually become practically surrounded by new housing developments. Increasingly strict city and county ordinances concerning the production of flies have caused ranch operators to resort to frequent use of insecticides as a means of suppressing fly production. On many poultry ranches insecticides are used weekly during most of the year, and in a few cases as many as 120 applications in a single year have been reported. Such intensive use of insecticides leads to the rapid development of insect resistance to the chemicals. Difficulties in the control of resistant flies are among the most serious operational problems confronting the animal industries today.
Rhodopsin Photoproducts in 2 D Crystals

Structural Studies Division MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK The published electron microscope and X-ray structures of rhodopsin have made available a detailed picture of the inactive dark state of rhodopsin. Yet, the photointermediates of rhodopsin that ultimately lead to the activated receptor species still await a similar analysis. Such an analysis first requires the generation and characterization of the photoproducts that can be obtained in crystals of rhodopsin. We therefore studied with Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy the photoproducts in 2D crystals of bovine rhodopsin in a p22121 crystal form. The spectra obtained by cryotrapping revealed that in this crystal form the still inactive early intermediates batho, lumi, and meta I are similar to those obtained from rhodopsin in native disk membranes, although the transition from lumi to meta I is shifted to a higher temperature. However, at room temperature, the formation of the active state, meta II, is blocked in the crystalline environment. Instead, an intermediate state is formed that bears some features of meta II but lacks the specific conformational changes required for activity. Despite being unable to activate its cognate G protein, transducin, to a significant extent, this intermediate state is capable of interacting with functional transducin-derived peptides to a limited extent. Therefore, while unable to support formation of rhodopsin’s active state meta II, 2D p22121 crystals proved to be very suitable for determining 3D structures of its still inactive precursors, batho, lumi, and meta I. In future studies, FTIR spectroscopy may serve as a sensitive assay to screen crystals grown under altered conditions for potential formation of the active state, meta II. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2 Abbreviations HCV : hepatitis C virus HCV-LP : HCV-like particle HCVpp : HCV pseudoparticle

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture: a breakthrough for basic and applied research. Mirjam Zeisel, Thomas Baumert
Strategic control in decision‐making under uncertainty

Complex economic decisions – whether investing money for retirement or purchasing some new electronic gadget – often involve uncertainty about the likely consequences of our choices. Critical for resolving that uncertainty are strategic meta‐decision processes, which allow people to simplify complex decision problems, evaluate outcomes against a variety of contexts, and flexibly match behavior to changes in the environment. In recent years, substantial research has implicated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) in the flexible control of behavior. However, nearly all such evidence comes from paradigms involving executive function or response selection, not complex decision‐making. Here, we review evidence that demonstrates that the dmPFC contributes to strategic control in complex decision‐making. This region contains a functional topography such that the posterior dmPFC supports response‐related control, whereas the anterior dmPFC supports strategic control. Activation in the anterior dmPFC signals changes in how a decision problem is represented, which in turn can shape computational processes elsewhere in the brain. Based on these findings, we argue for both generalized contributions of the dmPFC to cognitive control, and specific computational roles for its subregions depending upon the task demands and context. We also contend that these strategic considerations are likely to be critical for decision‐making in other domains, including interpersonal interactions in social settings.
The South African National Income Dynamics Study: Design and Methodological Issues

Abstract The National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS) is a nationally representative panel survey of 28 255 individuals that were resident in 7 305 households in South Africa at the time of the base wave in 2008. Attempts will be made to interview each of these individuals and all of their current household members at two-year intervals in the future. NIDS is the first national panel study of individuals of all ages in South Africa. As the panel unfolds, it will reveal the dynamic structure of households in South Africa and changes in the living conditions and well-being of household members. This article presents the core methodological decisions in the design of the first wave of the NIDS panel survey. It describes the data production process, the sampling methodology, the response rates, the derivation of weights, data processing issues and how researchers can download the data. The article concludes with a discussion of some key panel issues for NIDS going forward.
Temperature Dependency of Charge Sharing and MBU Sensitivity in 130-nm CMOS Technology

This paper investigates the temperature dependency of charge sharing in 130-nm CMOS technology over a temperature range of 200 to 420 K. TCAD simulation results show the charge sharing collection increases significantly with temperature rising, which is 65% ~ 317%. The LETth of MBU in two SRAM cells is also quantified. The result reveals that the upset LETth of the passive cell decreases in the whole temperature range, which is different from the parabolic relationship of single-event upset's temperature dependency.
Self-organization of confined two-dimensional flows

• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Microscopic studies of fetal and mature nail and surrounding soft tissue.

KNOWLEDGE of nail disease is indeed limited. Two textbooks * have been published on this subject in the last quarter of a century, but a study of the table of contents of both reveals merely a list of the many diseases in which concomitant nail findings have been reported. The descriptions are for the most part those of gross morphologic changes in the nails. Only a few isolated reports are available concerning the correlative histology of conditions that affect the nails, and the value of these reports is lessened by the lack of adequate histologic studies of the normal nail. As a matter of fact, most of us speak glibly of "nail disease" without having given thought whereof we speak. Some refer to paronychial disease with secondary change in the nails as nail disease; this is certainly confusing in view of the present concept of nail generation from the matrix (proximal
BLOCK-ITERATIVE FISHER SCORING FOR EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY

We introduce and evaluate a block-iterative Fisher scoring (BFS) algorithm for emission tomography. Regularization is achieved by penalized likelihood with a general quadratic penalty. When the algorithm converges, it converges to the unconstrained maximum penalized likelihood (MPL) solution. In a simulated data set, constrained BFS achieves a higher penalized likelihood in fewer iterations than other block-iterative algorithms which are designed for non-negatively constrained penalized reconstruction
Internationalisation of South African SMEs : the role of capital factors

Purpose and Problem : The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of capital factors in the internationalisation of South African Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Capital factors include financial, social and human capital, which are traditionally scarce in a SME emerging market context. Methodology : The study draws upon a sample of 67 internationalised South African SMEs using an online questionnaire. Descriptive statistical analyses are used to analyse various features of internationalisation and perceptions of capital factors. Findings : Results confirm that financial capital items are perceived as inhibitors to the SMEs ability to internationalise. Implications : Findings provide policy-makers and practitioners with additional insights into the key constraints to internationalisation of South African SMEs.
Integrating fire risk into the management of forests

In a standard cash-flow data-sheet analysis, the quantification of the impact of exogenous variables and management decisions on the investment’s Net Present Value is limited to only a few scenarios. This perspective is insufficient for an efficient risk management in complex business environments. In this work, I present a dynamic programming model that takes into consideration fire risk. Having applied the model to forest management, I conclude that when fire risk increases, it is optimal for the manager to increase the area used per tree and the cut-off weight of stems. Rather than increasing the business Expected Net Present Value (that, with real interest rate of 3%/year, is between 1.5€/m2 and 2.2€/m2), the optimal strategy decreases the business risk. Additionally, I conclude from the model that there is no private incentive to carry out fire risk prevention.
An evolutionary view of dynamic capabilities

Les théories de la firme fondées sur les ressources se focalisent sur les routines de l'organisation et les capacités productives. Ce sont des éléments que l'on retrouve dans les analyses récentes en termes de «capacités dynamiques». Dans ce papier nous développons un concept de «capacités dynamiques» à partir d”un cadre formalisé par Sen (1985). Les trois caractéristiques des «capacités» avancées par Sen pour les consommateurs sont étendues par des transformations mineures aux situations des producteurs, des offreurs de technologies, et aux fonctions relevant directement de la production. Pour des raisons à la fois interne(s) et externe(s), les transformations des capacités impliquent des apprentissages. Les capacités des producteurs visent à répondre (et si possible anticiper les) aux modifications des besoins et capacités des consommateurs. La dimension temporelle est cruciale à la fois en termes de temps de réponse et de temps historique. Notre approche s'appuie sur trois études de cas. Dans l'industrie des semi-conducteurs, les transformations sont impulsées principalement par les producteurs, dans l'industrie agro-alimentaire principalement par les consommateurs (ou les offreurs de technologies), dans l'industrie des logiciels par les deux pôles selon les segments de cette industrie. Les capacités dynamiques évoluent de façon différente selon les industries, encore que des tendances peuvent se manifester concernant les trajectoires que suivent les producteurs.
Understanding of time constituents in spoken language dialogues

The analysis and interpretation of time constituents is a rather complex enterprise, since diverse time constituents are distributable in variable positions within an utterance. The first step in order to manage this complexity and variability is the syntactic analysis at phrase structure level . Within a utterance each time constituent is analyzed independently and tested for its syntactic coherence. A semantic interpretation of the time constituent has to follow. The second step consists of the analysis and interpretation at sentence structure level . The time interpretations need to be tested for consistency and merged into a single representation. Here it is usually possible to resolve ambiguities. As a last step, the interpretations of time constituents have to be merged at dialogue level . Although the system asks the user for verification of the time computed, users do seldom just reply ’ or ’. Mostly they add new information about time, and sometimes users correct the system’s interpretation without explicit negation. Thus, the merging of time constituents at dialogue level becomes a rather complex issue