Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of antigravity suit inflation on cardiovascular, PRA, and PVP responses in humans.

Blood pressure, pulse rate (PR), serum osmolality and electrolytes, as well as plasma vasopressin (PVP) and plasma renin activity (PRA), were measured in five men and two women [mean age 38.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) yr] before, during, and after inflation of an antigravity suit that covered the legs and abdomen. After 24 h of fluid deprivation the subjects stood quietly for 3 h: the 1st h without inflation, the 2nd with inflation to 60 Torr, and the 3rd without inflation. A similar control noninflation experiment was conducted 10 mo after the inflation experiment using five of the seven subjects except that the suit was not inflated during the 3-h period. Mean arterial pressure increased by 14 +/- 4 (SE) Torr (P less than 0.05) with inflation and decreased by 15 +/- 5 Torr (P less than 0.05) after deflation. Pulse pressure (PP) increased by 7 +/- 2 Torr (P less than 0.05) with inflation and PR decreased by 11 +/- 5 beats/min (P less than 0.05); PP and PR returned to preinflation levels after deflation. Plasma volume decreased by 6.1 +/- 1.5% and 5.3 +/- 1.6% (P less than 0.05) during hours 1 and 3, respectively, and returned to base line during inflation. Inflation decreased PVP from 6.8 +/- 1.1 to 5.6 +/- 1.4 pg/ml (P less than 0.05) and abolished the significant rise in PRA during hour 1. Both PVP and PRA increased significantly after deflation: delta = 18.0 +/- 5.1 pg/ml and 4.34 +/- 1.71 ng angiotensin I X ml-1 X h-1, respectively. Serum osmolality and Na+ and K+ concentrations were unchanged during the 3 h of standing. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pricing of Warrants and the Value of the Firm

issues warrants. In order to focus on the potential dilution effect of warrants on the current value of the firm, we assume throughout the analysis that the investment policy of the firm is given and is not being affected by its financial decisions.3 Under this assumption and the assumption of perfect capital markets, the issuance of warrants will not affect the wealth of the current security holders of the firm. However, as will be demonstrated, it may increase the current market value of the firm's future cash inflow, an increase which is offset by the added liability of its securityholders in such a way as to leave their wealth unchanged. In Section II it is shown that in a framework of a one period model the value of a warrant is a fraction of the value of a call option issued on the same stock, ceteris paribus. In Section III we analyze within a one period model the value of the firm which issues warrants. In Section IV the implications of issuing warrants on the price of the firm's stock are discussed. In Section V we expand the analysis to the multi-period framework. It is shown that the results obtained for the one-period case are also valid, qualitatively, for the multi-period case. Section VI contains the summary and conclusions of the analysis. II. THE WARRANT AS A DILUTED CALL OPTION
Causal Dynamics Between Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in South Africa

This article assesses the long-run and causal relationships between oil consumption and economic growth in South Africa over the period 1970–2008. The study analyzes the relationships within a multivariate framework that includes capital. Cointegration test results indicate that these three variables have a stable long-run relationship. Using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) approach to Granger non-causality, our results indicate evidence of unidirectional causality from oil consumption to economic growth. We therefore find evidence in support of the growth hypothesis, where oil consumption contributes to economic growth both directly and indirectly as a complement to other inputs in the production process.
Two-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: how bundle tension depends on femoral placement.

BACKGROUND Clinically, one-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions frequently result in the return of abnormal posterior translation. We hypothesized that the return of posterior translation is caused by a nonuniform distribution of load among the graft fibers. The purpose of the present study was to determine how the femoral attachment location of the second bundle of a two-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects the anterior bundle tension and the load distribution between the graft bundles. METHODS One and two-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstructions (one one-bundle type and three two-bundle types) were performed in nineteen cadaveric knees. The grafts were tensioned to restore posterior translation to within +/-1 mm of that of the intact knee at 90 degrees of flexion while a 100-N posterior force was applied to the proximal part of the tibia. For each reconstruction, the total graft tension was a minimum of 2.3 times larger than the applied posterior force. Bundle tension and knee motions were measured as the knee was cycled from 5 degrees to 120 degrees of flexion while a 100-N posterior force was applied. Analysis of variance was used to compare the four reconstructions, and post hoc testing was performed with use of Fischer's protected least significant difference method. RESULTS Two-bundle reconstructions involving a middle-distal or middle-middle second bundle significantly reduced the tension in the anterior bundle in comparison with the tension in the one-bundle (anterior-distal) reconstruction. The peak anterior-bundle tensions with the middle-distal and middle-middle second bundles were 43% and 37% less than the peak bundle tension for the one-bundle reconstruction (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). With the exception of the average bundle tension, the tension parameters calculated for the middle bundle decreased as the distance from the articular cartilage increased. The peak tensions for the middle-middle and middle-proximal bundles were 32% and 61% less than that for the middle-distal bundle (p = 0.028 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The femoral position of the second bundle significantly affected the tension in the anterior bundle and the load distribution. A second bundle placed in a middle or distal position resulted in a significant reduction in anterior bundle tension and in cooperative load-sharing (with the bundles functioning together). A proximal second bundle resulted in reciprocal loading (with one bundle functioning in flexion and one in extension), but the tension in the anterior bundle was not different from the tension in the one-bundle reconstruction.
Urinary excretion of unmetabolized benzene as an indicator of benzene exposure.

Benzene concentrations in urine samples (Cu, ng/L) from 110 workers exposed to benzene in chemical plants and gasoline pumps were determined by injecting urine supernate into a gas chromatograph. The urine was saturated with anhydrous N2SO4 to facilitate the passage of benzene in the air over the urine. The solvent was stripped from the urine surface and concentrated on an adsorbent substrate (Carbotrap tube) by means of a suction pump (flow rate 150 ml/m). Wash-up of the head space was achieved by simultaneous intake of filtered air through charcoal. Benzene was thermically desorbed and injected in a column (thermal tube disorder, Supelco; 370 degrees C thermal flash; borosilicate capillary glass column SPB-1, 60 m length, 0.75 mm ID, 1 microns film thickness; GC Dani 8580-FID). Benzene concentrations in the urine from 40 non-exposed subjects (20 smokers > 20 cigarette/d and 20 nonsmokers) were also determined [median value of 790 ng/L (10.17 nmol/L) and 131 ng/L (1.70 nmol/L), respectively]. The 8-h time-weighted exposure intensity (Cl, micrograms/m3) of individual workers was monitored by means of charcoal tubes. The median value for exposure to benzene was 736 micrograms/m3 (9.42 mumol/m3) [geometric standard deviation (GSD) = 2.99; range 64 micrograms/m3 (0.82 mumol/m3) to 13,387 micrograms/m3) (171.30 mumol/m3)]. The following linear correlation was found between benzene concentrations in urine (Cu, ng/L) and benzene concentrations in the breathing zone (Cl, micrograms/m3): log(Cu) = 0.645 x log(Cl) + 1.399 r = . 559, n = 110, p < . 0001 With exclusion of workers who smoked from the study, the correlation between air benzene concentration and benzene measured in urine was: log(Cu) = 0.872 x log(Cl) + 0.6 r = . 763, n = 63, p < . 0001 The study results indicate that the urinary level of benzene is an indicator of occupational exposure to benzene.
Notice of RetractionEstimation of rescaling factor and detection of image splicing

Re-sampled signals show periodicity in its nth derivative and covariance, and it can be used to estimate the scaling ratio. Calculate the second-order difference along the vertical (horizontal) direction of image. Compute the mean of absolute difference along the horizontal (vertical) direction and obtain a vector, which will be appended with zero to make its length equal to an integer power of 2. Calculate DFT to the vector and produce the frequency-magnitude curve. Detect the peak frequency in the curve and obtain the scaling ratio along the horizontal (vertical) direction. It is applicable to different interpolation schemes, no matter whether the image has been JPEG compressed before or after interpolation. Experimental results show that the proposed method can judge whether or not a photo captured by the digital camera is undergone the digital zoom, and approximately estimate the scaling ratio.
Leadership and regressive group processes: A pilot study

Various perspectives on leadership within the psychoanalytic, organizational and socio‐biological literature are reviewed, with particular attention to research studies in these areas. Hypotheses are offered about what makes an effective leader: her ability to structure tasks well in order to avoid destructive regressions, to make constructive use of the omnipresent regressive energies in group life, and to redirect regressions when they occur. Systematic qualitative observations of three videotaped sessions each from N = 18 medical staff work groups at an urban medical center are discussed, as is the utility of a scale, the Leadership and Group Regressions Scale (LGRS), that attempts to operationalize the hypotheses. Analyzing the tapes qualitatively, it was noteworthy that at times (in N = 6 groups), the nominal leader of the group did not prove to be the actual, working leader. Quantitatively, a significant correlation was seen between leaders’ LGRS scores and the group’s satisfactory completion of their quantitative goals (p = 0.007) and ability to sustain the goals (p = 0.04), when the score of the person who met criteria for group leadership was used.
Design of a memory based expert system for interpreting facial expressions in terms of signalled emotions

A memory based expert system(JANUS) has been designed to interpret facial expression in terms of the signalled emotion. Janus accepts a geometric description of the face obtained from measurements on a digitised full face photograph and returns the appropriate emotion label. An intermediate representation in terms of verbal face actions(eg. . mouth open,eyes closed)is also used. A production rule system converts the geometric description to verbal form, while a dynamic memory interprets the face actions in terms of emotions. Following the work of Schank(1982)and Kolodner (1984),the dynamic memory is structured as a tree of packets, storing, in Janus, typical facial expressions connected by links to atypical but related face expressions previously encountered. This enables new input to be channelled along the appropriate path to an interpretation based on previous experience. The system is capable of learning new emotion labels and associated face actions for use in subsequent interpretations. A prototype system has been developed on a SUN 2/MJN/120 system using POPLOG.V alidation studies suggest that the interpretations offered by Janus are generally consistent with those of human expert.
Inhibition of proteasome and Shaggy/Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β kinase prevents clearance of phosphorylated tau in Drosophila

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of intraneuronal filamentous inclusions of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein. In AD brains, it has been shown that the level of abnormally phosphorylated tau is higher than in age‐matched control brains, suggesting that abnormally phosphorylated tau is resistant to degradation. By using a Drosophila model of tauopathy, we studied the relationship between tau phosphorylation and degradation. We showed that in vivo reduction of proteasome activity results in an accumulation of high‐molecular‐weight forms of hyperphosphorylated tau. We also found that glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)‐3β‐mediated hyperphosphorylated forms of tau are degradable by the proteasomal machinery. Unexpectedly, GSK‐3β inactivation resulted in a very large accumulation of high‐molecular‐weight species consisting of hyperphosphorylated tau, suggesting that, depending on the kinase(s) involved, tau phosphorylation state affects its degradation differently. We thus propose a model for tauopathies in which, depending on toxic challenges (e.g., oxidative stress, exposure to amyloid peptide, etc.), abnormal phosphorylation of tau by kinases distinct from GSK‐3β leads to progressive accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau oligomers that are resistant to degradation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and Analysis of a New Five-Phase Brushless Hybrid-Excitation Fault-Tolerant Motor for Electric Vehicles

High reliability and wide range of speed regulation are key factors for motor drive system in electric vehicles (EVs). To meet the requirement for EV application, this paper proposes and investigates a new five-phase brushless fault-tolerant hybrid-excitation motor. This motor has several advantages over the conventional permanent magnet (PM) motor, such as high fault tolerance and adjustable flux. In addition, to realize flux regulation, based on the utilization of the high-harmonic component of the stator magnetic motive force (MMF), the rotor field winding and the rotor harmonic winding are designed. Unlike the existing hybrid-excitation machines with rotor PM, the proposed motor can achieve the balance between simple structure and no sliding contacts. Moreover, the topology and operation principle of the proposed motor are analyzed. Also, the characteristics of the proposed motor are investigated by using finite-element analysis and experiments with a 2 kW prototype machine. The experimental results are given to be consistent with the theoretical analysis, which validates the correctness of the theory.
Explaining greater test use for selection: the role of HR professionals in a world of expanding regulation

In recent decades there has been a well-documented increase in organisations' use of formal tests for selection purposes. This article investigates whether tests' technical qualities and predictive validity are the critical determinants of take-up, or whether other organisational and contextual factors are more important. Case studies of organisations were used to identify the factors driving change and Workplace Employee Relations Survey data were analysed to determine the consistency of the findings with national data. The single most important factor appears to be the regulatory environment, with tests used as a precautionary measure to protect selection decisions from challenge. The growing formal professionalisation of HR departments is also important, and the influence of both factors is consistent with current theories of organisational decision-making. Continued growth in test use is likely, but the implications for efficiency in selection are less clear.
Implementing a ‘bottom-up,’ multi-sector research collaboration: The case of the Texas air quality study

The vast majority of research collaboration among firms is informal. Unfortunately, little research has focused on informal, multi-institutional research collaboration, partly because by their very nature these collaborations are difficult to study systematically. In this study, we employ case study methodology to examine a large-scale research collaboration, the 2000 Texas Air Quality Study, which could be labeled ‘multi-sector, multi-institution’ and ‘informal. ’ We develop the case based on a contingency model of research collaboration effectiveness, our chief objective being to assess the impact of various characteristics of the collaboration on the project’s outcomes. We find the case to align with the terms of the model, thereby distilling some implications for a theory of research collaboration effectiveness, at least within the domain of large-scale, multi-institutional, multi-sector research collaborations.
Regime changes, economic policies and the effect of aid on growth

This study finds that on average aid has little impact on economic growth, although a robust finding is that aid promotes growth only in a politically stable environment irrespective of the quality of the country's economic policies. Aid is ineffective in an unstable environment even in the presence of good policies. The results, however, indicate that policy is more effective in promoting growth when supported by increased aid flows rather than aid being more effective in good policy environment. The empirical results also provide some tentative support for the presence of an aid Laffer curve in the politically stable countries. The allocation of aid is found to be influenced by the country size and its state of development, rather than the quality of policy.
Bridging Knowledges: Understanding and Applying Indigenous and Western Scientific Knowledge for Marine Wildlife Management

Cross-cultural knowledge sharing in natural resource management is receiving growing academic attention. Further consideration is necessary regarding how indigenous and Western knowledges are understood and validated by resource managers. Using a marine co-management case study in northern Australia, we explored how indigenous and nonindigenous managers engage with indigenous and Western scientific knowledge. Interview participants discussed the utility of empirical information within each knowledge system, but engaged less with the beliefs and worldviews framing knowledge. Based on interview responses, we developed a typology that describes the main ways resource managers engage with indigenous and Western scientific knowledge in this management system. We suggest several steps to help achieve a more integrative approach to knowledge utilization in indigenous co-management contexts. Ensuring that resource managers understand and respect multiple ways of knowing will improve stakeholder collaboration engagement across cultures.
Effects of hamstring stretching on passive muscle stiffness vary between hip flexion and knee extension maneuvers

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of hamstring stretching on the passive stiffness of each of the long head of the biceps femoris (BFl), semitendinosus (ST), and semimembranosus (SM) vary between passive knee extension and hip flexion stretching maneuvers. In 12 male subjects, before and after five sets of 90 s static stretching, passive lengthening measurements where knee or hip joint was passively rotated to the maximal range of motion (ROM) were performed. During the passive lengthening, shear modulus of each muscle was measured by ultrasound shear wave elastography. Both stretching maneuvers significantly increased maximal ROM and decreased passive torque at a given joint angle. Passive knee extension stretching maneuver significantly reduced shear modulus at a given knee joint angle in all of BFl, ST, and SM. In contrast, the stretching effect by passive hip flexion maneuver was significant only in ST and SM. The present findings indicate that the effects of hamstring stretching on individual passive muscles’ stiffness vary between passive knee extension and hip flexion stretching maneuvers. In terms of reducing the muscle stiffness of BFl, stretching of the hamstring should be performed by passive knee extension rather than hip flexion.
Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking Technique for  $LLC$-Based PEV Chargers Through Variable DC Link Control

In this paper, a variable dc link technique is proposed to track the maximum efficiency point of the LLC converter for plug-in electric vehicle battery-charging applications over a wide battery state-of-charge (SOC) range. With the proposed variable dc link control approach, the dc link voltage follows the battery pack voltage. The operating point of the LLC converter is always constrained to the proximity of the primary resonant frequency so that the circulating current in the magnetizing inductor and the turning-off currents of MOSFETs are minimized. In comparison with conventional approaches, the proposed variable dc link voltage methodology demonstrates efficiency improvement across the wide SOC range. Efficiency improvements of 2.1% at the heaviest load condition and 9.1% at the lightest load condition are demonstrated.
Fibrinogen Plasma Levels in an Apparently Healthy General Population – Relation to Environmental and Genetic Determinants

Summary Elevated fibrinogen levels are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular ischemic disease. We investigated the relationship between cardiovascular ischemic risk factors, the fibrinogen Bβ-chain G/A-455 polymorphism and plasma fibrinogen levels in 989 apparently healthy subjects. Fibrinogen values were higher in subjects with C reactive protein (C-RP) > 0.33 mg/dl, BMI > 23.9 kg/m2, total cholesterol > 4.84 mmol/l, triglycerides >1.02 mmol/l, PAI-1 antigen >12.2 ng/ml, carriers of the A allele, first-degree relative history of coronary artery disease, or consuming >10 cigarettes per day (p <0.01). Men and ethanol drinkers showed lower plasma fibrinogen levels (p <0.01). The multivariate analysis confirmed the independent effect of C-RP, age, BMI, total cholesterol, gender, PAI-1, -455 G/A polymorphism, (p <0.05). BMI, total cholesterol, PAI-1, alcohol and smoking habit raised with the increase of age and differed between sexes. The A-455 allele increasing effect was significant in women, especially in subjects aged <30 years, and in men aged <43 years. These results indicate that environmental factors contributed to a larger extent to fibrinogen variability, whereas the A-455 allele was associated with a steeper increase in younger age quartiles.
The Contribution of Labour Markets, Demographics and Public Redistribution to Inequality: A Decomposition Analysis for Canada, 1986-1996

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and, hence, cannot be interpreted as those of the Department of Finance. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 34 annual meetings of the Canadian Economics Association (Vancouver, June 2000). We are grateful to Tim Sargent for guidance, Chris Worswick, Janice Compton and Keith Horner for helpful comments, and Shlomo Yitzhaki for technology transfer, as well as participants in the CEA session, and in a seminar and a workshop at the Department of Finance.