Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Educational generations and the futures of adult education: a Nordic experience

In this study of the meanings of education and learning in people's lives, educational generations in Finland were investigated. The analysis is based on Karl Mannheim's concept and theory of social generation. This approach resulted in the differentiation of four educational cohorts living in contemporary Finnish society, three of which provided distinct core life experiences and educational experiences for analysis. These are: the war generation with scant education (born before 1935); the generation of structural change with growing educational opportunities (born 1936–55) and the welfare generation with many educational choices (born after 1955). This article, reviews the characteristics of these generations, and analyses the dynamics of their educational courses and experiences. It is concluded that their core experiences of education can be summarized in two basic narratives: the narrative of national culture and that of economic structural change. Finally, it is argued that such generational change reflects the more general rationalization of Western culture and society. Based on this argumentation, the future of adult education based on the application of Weberian social theory and its conceptions of material and formal rationality are considered.
Computing with Spin-Transfer-Torque Devices: Prospects and Perspectives

In this paper we discuss the potential of emerging spin-torque devices for computing applications. Recent proposals for spin-based computing schemes may be differentiated as all-spin? vs. hybrid, programmable vs. fixed, and, Boolean vs. non-Boolean. All-spin logic-styles may offer high area-density due to small form-factor of nano-magnetic devices. However, circuit and system-level design techniques need to be explored that leaverage the specific spin-device characterisitcs to achieve energy-efficiency, performance and reliability comparable to those of CMOS. The non-volatility of nano-magnets can be exploited in the design of energy and area-efficient programmable logic. In such logic-styles, spin-devices may play the dual-role of computing as well as memory-elements that provide field-programmability. Spin-based threshold logic design is presented as an example. Emerging spintronic phenomena may lead to ultra-low-voltage, current-mode, spin-torque switches that can offer attractive computing capabilities, beyond digital switches. Such devices may be suitable for non-Boolean data-processing applications which involve analog processing leading to highly energy-efficient information processing hardware for applicatons like pattern-matching, neuromorphic-computing, image-processing and data-conversion. Towards the end, we discuss the possibility of applying emerging spin-torque switches in the design of energy-efficient global interconnects, for future chip multiprocessors.
Lidar and in situ observations of continental and Saharan aerosol: closure analysis of particles optical and physical properties

Single wavelength polarization lidar observations collected at Mt.\ Cimone (44.2o N, 10.7o E, 1870 m a.s.l.) during the June 2000 MINATROC campaign are analyzed to derive tropospheric profiles of aerosol extinction, depolarization, surface area and volume. Lidar retrievals for the 2170-2245 m level are compared to the same variables as computed from in situ measurements of particles size distributions, performed at the mountain top Station (2165 m a.s.l.) by a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and an optical particle counter (OPC). A sensitivity analysis of this closure experiment shows that mean relative differences between the backscatter coefficients obtained by the two techniques undergo a sharp decrease when hygroscopic growth to ambient humidity is considered for the DMA dataset, otherwise representative of dry aerosols. Minimization of differences between lidar and size distribution-derived backscatter coefficients allowed to find values of the "best" refractive index, specific to each measurement. These results show the refractive index to increase for air masses proceeding from Africa and Western Europe. Lidar depolarization was observed to minimize mainly in airmasses proceeding from Western Europe, thus indicating a spherical, i.e. liquid nature for such aerosols. Conversely, African, Mediterranean and East Europe aerosol showed a larger depolarizing fraction, mainly due to coexisting refractory and soluble fractions. The analysis shows average relative differences between lidar and in-situ observations of 5% for backscatter, 36% for extinction 41% for surface area and 37% for volume. These values are well within the expected combined uncertainties of the lidar and in situ retrievals. Average differences further decrease during the Saharan dust transport event, when a lidar signal inversion model considering non-spherical scatterers is employed. The quality of the closure obtained between particle counter and lidar-derived aerosol surface area and volume observations constitutes a validation of the technique adopted to retrieve such aerosol properties on the basis of single-wavelength lidar observations.
Sternalis Muscle: An Unexpected Finding during Mastectomy

Sternalis muscle also called rectus sternalis, rectus thoracis, or episternalis is an anomalous muscle of the anterior chest wall with unknown anatomical function. It is regularly observed in lower animal but infrequently in humans. Presence of this muscle can create confusion with tumours of the anterior chest wall during routine mammography. Although less is known about its origin and innervations, knowledge about this muscle can have many clinical implications. A case of unilateral sternalis muscle detected during mastectomy, in a female with carcinoma of the right breast, is being reported with a brief review of the literature and highlighting its clinical significance.
ADAM17-Mediated Processing of TNF-α Expressed by Antiviral Effector CD8+ T Cells Is Required for Severe T-Cell-Mediated Lung Injury

Influenza infection in humans evokes a potent CD8+ T-cell response, which is important for clearance of the virus but may also exacerbate pulmonary pathology. We have previously shown in mice that CD8+ T-cell expression of TNF-α is required for severe and lethal lung injury following recognition of an influenza antigen expressed by alveolar epithelial cells. Since TNF-α is first expressed as a transmembrane protein that is then proteolytically processed to release a soluble form, we sought to characterize the role of TNF-α processing in CD8+ T-cell-mediated injury. In this study we observed that inhibition of ADAM17-mediated processing of TNF-α by CD8+ T cells significantly attenuated the diffuse alveolar damage that occurs after T-cell transfer, resulting in enhanced survival. This was due in part to diminished chemokine expression, as TNF-α processing was required for lung epithelial cell expression of CXCL2 and the subsequent inflammatory infiltration. We confirmed the importance of CXCL2 expression in acute lung injury by transferring influenza-specific CD8+ T cells into transgenic mice lacking CXCR2. These mice exhibited reduced airway infiltration, attenuated lung injury, and enhanced survival. Theses studies describe a critical role for TNF-α processing by CD8+ T cells in the initiation and severity of acute lung injury, which may have important implications for limiting immunopathology during influenza infection and other human infectious or inflammatory diseases.
The Mouse Genome Database: integration of and access to knowledge about the laboratory mouse

The Mouse Genome Database (MGD) (http://www.informatics.jax.org) is the community model organism database resource for the laboratory mouse, a premier animal model for the study of genetic and genomic systems relevant to human biology and disease. MGD maintains a comprehensive catalog of genes, functional RNAs and other genome features as well as heritable phenotypes and quantitative trait loci. The genome feature catalog is generated by the integration of computational and manual genome annotations generated by NCBI, Ensembl and Vega/HAVANA. MGD curates and maintains the comprehensive listing of functional annotations for mouse genes using the Gene Ontology, and MGD curates and integrates comprehensive phenotype annotations including associations of mouse models with human diseases. Recent improvements include integration of the latest mouse genome build (GRCm38), improved access to comparative and functional annotations for mouse genes with expanded representation of comparative vertebrate genomes and new loads of phenotype data from high-throughput phenotyping projects. All MGD resources are freely available to the research community.
Correlation Between Glucose Utilization and Metabolite Levels During Focal Ischemia in Cat Brain

Focal ischemia was produced in cat brain by occluding the middle cerebral artery. After 60 min of ischemia the rate of glucose utilization, as measured by the uptake of [14C] deoxyglucose ([14C]DG), was correlated with tissue levels of ATP, phospfaocreatlne, and lactate measured in the same regional samples. Ischemia caused local increases of [14C] DG uptake which were associated with mild to moderate anaerobic perturbations of metabolite levels. Altered metabolite levels also occurred in regions in which the rate of glucose consumption was not markedly different from (hat of the noo-ischemic hemisphere. In addition, there were regions with decreased [14C] DG uptake which invariably were depleted of ATP and phospbocreatine. Thus, suppression of glucose metabolism was restricted to the most severely iscbemJc areas, where the delivery of glucose may be rate-limiting.
Crowdsourcing for Query Processing on Web Data: A Case Study on the Skyline Operator

In recent years, crowdsourcing has become a powerful tool to bring human intelligence into information processing. This is especially important forWeb data which in contrast to well-maintained databases is almost always incomplete and may be distributed over a variety of sources. Crowdsourcing allows to tackle many problems which are not yet attainable using machine-based algorithms alone: in particular, it allows to perform database operators on incomplete data as human workers can be used to provide values during runtime. As this can become costly quickly, elaborate optimization is required. In this paper, we showcase how such optimizations can be performed for the popular skyline operator for preference queries. We present some heuristics-based approaches and compare them to crowdsourcing-based approaches using sophisticated optimization techniques while especially focusing on result correctness.
Draft Genome Sequences of Five Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species, M. thermoresistibile, M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum, M. canariasense, M. brisbanense, and M. novocastrense

ABSTRACT We report here the draft genome sequences of five rapidly growing Mycobacterium (RGM) species potentially pathogenic to humans, M. thermoresistibile, M. fortuitum subsp. acetamidolyticum, M. canariasense, M. brisbanense, and M. novocastrense. As the clinical importance of RGMs is increasingly being recognized worldwide, these sequences would contribute to further advances in RGM research.
STRICT: Information retrieval based search term identification for concept location

During maintenance, software developers deal with numerous change requests that are written in an unstructured fashion using natural language. Such natural language texts illustrate the change requirement involving various domain related concepts. Software developers need to find appropriate search terms from those concepts so that they could locate the possible locations in the source code using a search technique. Once such locations are identified, they can implement the requested changes there. Studies suggest that developers often perform poorly in coming up with good search terms for a change task. In this paper, we propose a novel technique-STRICT-that automatically identifies suitable search terms for a software change task by analyzing its task description using two information retrieval (IR) techniques-TextRank and POSRank. These IR techniques determine a term's importance based on not only its co-occurrences with other important terms but also its syntactic relationships with them. Experiments using 1,939 change requests from eight subject systems report that STRICT can identify better quality search terms than baseline terms from 52%–62% of the requests with 30%–57% Top-10 retrieval accuracy which are promising. Comparison with two state-of-the-art techniques not only validates our empirical findings and but also demonstrates the superiority of our technique.
"WHEN YOU WRITE 'FOUR' IN CHINESE, YOU WILL FIND TWO 'J'S' IN IT": A CASE STUDY OF FOUR CHILDREN LEARNING TO BE LITERATE IN ALPHABETIC AND NON-ALPHABETIC PRINT

Framed within sociocultural, sociopsycholinguistic, and socio-semiotic views of language and literacy learning, I employed a qualitative case study approach to examine the nature of bilingual and biliteracy learning process of four young ethnic Chinese children living in a community where mainstream American culture and English predominated. I used observations, interviews, and analysis of documents to collect data over a 3.5-year period at a community-based, weekend mother tongue (Chinese) class where I was also the teacher of my research participants. A constant comparison approach was used to analyze and interpret the data gathered. Because of their heritage and life experiences, these children had access to two sets of cultural and semiotic resources in both minority (home and the weekend mother tongue school) and dominant (community where they lived and school they attended daily) sociocultural contexts. Findings from this research revealed that meaning making began when these children responded to existing or created texts while involved in semiotic engagements, and through this process these young learners acquired culturally and semiotically specific knowledge. Experiences with and exposure to these two sets of specifics enabled children to transfer knowledge they acquired in one context to the other, as well as to transmediate between sign systems across sociocultural borders. Finally, within the context of the classroom, these children also experimented with different ways of meaning making, drawing knowledge they possessed from both contexts to create new meaning, from which new specifics were generated.
Neurosecretory granules in the infective stage of Haemonchus contortus

Large numbers of electron-dense bodies, 700–1900 Å in diameter, usually seen each with its own limiting membrane, were found in axons of the ventral nerve of infective juveniles of H. contortus. Axons containing these granules merged, without limiting membranes, with a ‘light’, diffusely granular region, about 1·5–2 μm3. The ‘light’ area also merged without boundaries with the underlying cuticle which was different from the surrounding cuticle. This modified cuticle, of which the anterior border lies about 1·3 μm from the posterior edge of the excretory pore, extends slightly beyond the ‘light’ area. Otherwise it is a useful topographical marker for the extent of the ‘light’ area. It is considered that the ‘light’ region has a special role in the physiology of the cuticle. I wish to thank Mrs M. Ross for expert technical assistance and Mr R. I. Sommerville for valuable advice. This work was supported by a U.S. Public Health Service Grant, AI 04093–05. The use of the Siemens electron microscope was made possible by a grant from the Australian Research Grants Committee. Financial help from Parke, Davis and Co. (Australia) is also gratefully acknowledged.
Crime, Crime News, and Crime Views

This paper compares police, newspaper, television, and public images of crime trends for the seven FBI index crimes over time, the relative frequency of occurrence of these offenses, and the characteristics of persons committing them. Media presentations of crime trends over time are found generally Linrelated to trends in police statistics. Newspaper presentation of the relative distribution of crimes approximates police figures more closely than does the television presentation. Public views of the relative distribution of crimes but not of crime trends more closely approximate media presentations than police presentations. Television's impact on public views of crime is apparently minor. Reasons for these findings and their implications for crime news reporting are discussed. Joseph F. Sheley is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Tulane University. Cindy D. Ashkins is a juvenile justice and child protection services consultant in Fairfield, Connecticut. The New Orleans Police Department provided crime statistics for this study, and the managements of television Channels 4, 6, and 8 in New Orleans provided access to files of past news scripts. The authors gratefully acknowledge this assistance. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:492-506 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia Univelsity Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81X0045-492/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55. 39.127 on Mon, 27 Jun 2016 06:08:27 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms CRIME, CRIME NEWS, AND CRIME VIEWS 493 papers daily, 64 percent of the sample report reliance on television as their primary source of news about political and current events. Forty-seven percent watch local newscasts frequently. Yet, despite television's popularity, we know little about its crime-reporting practices and less about the extent to which its picture of crime mirrors those of the police, the print media, and the public. This research examines all four images of crime in New Orleans, Louisiana, comparing their respective presentations of (1) crime trends for the seven major index crimes over time, (2) the relative frequency of occurrence of these offenses, and (3) the characteristics of persons committing them.
The relationship between variation of preoperative coronal angle in the lumbosacral region and postoperative trunk shift after scoliosis surgery

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the preoperative intervertebral interspace angle and postoperative trunk shift (TS) in patients who have received scoliosis correction. Anteroposterior (AP) whole spine standing radiographs and right and left lateral bending radiographs were taken preoperatively, and AP whole spine standing radiographs were obtained postoperatively and at the final follow-up. TS was measured in the coronal plane, and intervertebral interspace angle change was the sum of the absolute values of L4-S1 intervertebral angle changes in the coronal plane, and was determined before surgery, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. A total of 38 patients with a mean age of 16.42±8.36 years who received posterior scoliosis correction and internal fixation with a mean follow-up of 12.4 months (range, 6 to 25 months) were included. Groups were defined by two methods: bending angle > 10° and ≤ 10°, and postoperative TS < 20 mm and ≥ 20 mm. TS at the final follow-up was significantly greater in the > 10° group than the ≤ 10° group (32.45 vs. 12.44 mm, P = 0.001), and was significantly greater in the ≥ 20 mm group compared with the < 20 mm group (38.5 vs. 9 mm, respectively, P < 0.001). A median negative correlation were found between TS at the final follow-up and total variance of bending (r = -0.51, P = 0.001). Postoperative TS which will not compensate spontaneously can be predicted by measurement of the preoperative intervertebral interspace angle in the lumbosacral region.
On rank properties of Toeplitz matrices over finite fields

Out of all the n×n Toeplitz matrices over a finite field of q elements, a fraction of exactly (1−1/q) is non-singular. Also a fraction of exactly (1/q)(1 − 1/q)(1 − (q − 1)/q) has generic rank 0 < r < n. These statements are proven with the extended Euclidean algorithm and the theory of subresultants. A matrix has generic rank r when all its leading principal minors up to dimension r are non-zero, and r is maximal. Our results have implications to the probability of success of the block Wiedemann linear system solver algorithm, which is an open question at the present time.
A Review of Temporal Data Visualizations Based on Space-Time Cube Operations

We review a range of temporal data visualization techniques through a new lens, by describing them as series of op- erations performed on a conceptual space-time cube. These operations include extracting subparts of a space-time cube, flattening it across space or time, or transforming the cube's geometry or content. We introduce a taxonomy of elementary space-time cube operations, and explain how they can be combined to turn a three-dimensional space-time cube into an easily-readable two-dimensional visualization. Our model captures most visualizations showing two or more data dimensions in addition to time, such as geotemporal visualizations, dynamic networks, time-evolving scatterplots, or videos. We finally review interactive systems that support a range of operations. By introducing this conceptual framework we hope to facilitate the description, criticism and comparison of existing temporal data visualizations, as well as encourage the exploration of new techniques and systems.
Vehicle model based visual-tag monocular ORB-SLAM

Monocular ORB-SLAM has been proved to be one of the best open-source SLAM method. However, it is still unsatisfying especially in low illumination indoor environment, which is caused by scale recovery and wrong feature matching. In this paper, we proposed a vehicle model based monocular ORBSLAM method supplemented by April-Tag to improve the performance of original algorithm. This approach is practical when autonomous driving in low-light and less-feature environment like garages and tunnels. We achieve this by proposing a vehicle model based initialization method fusing April-Tag measurement to recover scale. During tracking procedure, the outliers ORB feature points will be removed by checking reprojection error calculated from April-Tag. In addition, considering vehicle model can only obtain 2D motion, the vertical transition is estimated from camera model. Afterwards, a local Bundle Adjustment(BA) is applied to optimize camera pose both from frame to frame and frame to keyframe which will reduce accumulative error of the vehicle model. Finally, a convincing result is obtained from the testing drive in a garage.
The Client Satisfaction Inventory: Results of an Initial Validation Study

Objective To obtain initial results with regard to the reliability and validity of the Client Satisfaction Inventory (CSI), a 25-item scale for measuring general satisfaction with services among clients of human service agencies. Method The CSI was administered to 329 clients of 11 agencies in six states. Also administered were three other standardized measures and a brief descriptive questionnaire, results from which were used to assess the discriminant validity of the CSI. Results Findings indicated that both the full version of the CSI and a 9-item short-form version, the CSI-SF, have good to excellent internal consistency. Item analyses also provided some affirmative evidence with regard to the content validity of both versions, and the presence of hypothesized relationships between client satisfaction scores and those of the other instruments offered indications of good discriminant validity for each version. Conclusion Accountability demands, including pressures associated with managed care, have created a need in many agencies for brief, accurate, and norm-referenced measures of client satisfaction. Although further research is needed, initial results suggest that the CSI and CSI-SF may be useful tools for meeting this need.