Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tree Mining in Mental Health Domain

The number of mentally ill people is increasing globally each year. Despite major medical advances, the identification of genetic and environmental factors responsible for mental illnesses still remains unsolved and is therefore a very active research focus today. Semi-structured data structure is predominantly used to enable the meaningful representations of the available mental health knowledge. Data mining techniques can be used to efficiently analyze these semi-structured mental health data. Tree mining algorithms can efficiently extract frequent substructures from semi-structured knowledge representation such as XML. In this paper we demonstrate effective application of the tree mining algorithms on records of mentally ill patients. The extracted data patterns can provide useful information to help in prevention of mental illness and assist in delivery of effective and efficient mental health services.
Integrating DMA attacks in exploitation frameworks

In this research paper we present a first step towards integrating direct memory attacks (DMA) into exploitation frameworks. We conducted a literature study on existing hardware interfaces and show that some (FireWire, eSATA, Pc Card, Thunderbolt, USB OTG and PCI) are susceptible to DMA attacks. We present a proof of concept which integrates FireWire attacks into Metasploit. The proof of concept demonstrates that we are able to inject basic payloads, like reverse TCP shell, via the FireWire interface. We enhanced the basic exploit with fork capabilities to prevent the system from ”hanging”. This allows an attacker to compromise a computer with a FireWire interface and retain control of the system via the network. We also discuss further improvements related to multi-stager payloads. Furthermore, we present a second proof of concept that shows the possibility of running interactive sessions over the DMA-channel itself.
Occurrence of disc haemorrhages in open‐angle glaucoma treated with pilocarpine or timolol

Abstract. 1573 examinations were performed on 397 eyes. hh was found in 55 eyes ‐ thromboses included ‐ at 91 examinations. Part of this material qualified for use in a comparative study with pilocarpine in 81 eyes and timolol in 82 eyes. The relative frequency of hh in the treated groups and in the pretreatment group was not significantly different from that of the whole material. No indication of pressure reduction with effect on the occurrence of hh could be detected. The average probability of hh at an examination chosen at random was 6 per cent in this material of ordinary simple and capsular glaucoma cases. The occurrence of haemorrhages in relation to age, sex, general hypertension and diabetes are discussed.
Applications of a Global Workspace Framework to Mathematical Discovery

Systems which combine various forms of reasoning such as deductive inference and symbolic manipulation have repeatedly been shown to be more effective than stand-alone systems. In general, however, the combined systems are ad-hoc and designed for a single task. We present a generic framework for combining reasoning processes which is based on the theory of the Global Workspace Architecture. Within this blackboard-style framework, processes attached to a workspace propose information to be broadcast, along with a rating of the importance of the information, and only the most important is broadcast to all the processes, which react accordingly. To begin to demonstrate the value of the framework, we show that the tasks undertaken by previous ad-hoc systems can be performed by a configuration of the framework. To this end, we describe configurations for theorem discovery and conjecture making respectively, which produce comparable results to the previous ICARUS and HOMER systems. We further describe a novel application where we use a configuration of the framework to identify potentially interesting specialisations of finite algebras.
Management of pulpal floor perforation and grade II Furcation involvement using mineral trioxide aggregate and platelet rich fibrin: A clinical report

To report the management of an iatrogenic perforation of pulpal floor in the furcation of mandibular first molar, using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and platelet rich fibrin (PRF). Unpredictable endodontic root/pulp chamber floor perforations resulting in unacceptable high rate of clinical failure has now been a lesser threat with the advent of new technologies and biocompatible materials that utilize the applications of basic research along with tissue engineering concept in clinical practice. Present case report illustrates the use of MTA and platelet rich fibrin (PRF) for the repair of the perforation defect and regeneration of the lost periodontium in furcation area. Although, histologic events and reaction of MTA with PRF is not studied so far, however, the autologous and biocompatible nature of the components used for present treatment modalities seems to be beneficial for the long term clinical results obtained in our case.
Design and study of flux-based features for 3D vascular tracking

In this paper, we present and study two local features for the tracking of vascular structures on 3D angiograms. The first one, Flux, measures the inward gradient flux through circular cross-sections. The second one, MFlux, introduces a non-linear penalization of asymmetric flux contributions to reduce false positive responses.
Long-Term Heavy Ketamine Use is Associated with Spatial Memory Impairment and Altered Hippocampal Activation

Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, is rising in popularity as a drug of abuse. Preliminary evidence suggests that chronic, heavy ketamine use may have profound effects on spatial memory but the mechanism of these deficits is as yet unclear. This study aimed to examine the neural mechanism by which heavy ketamine use impairs spatial memory processing. In a sample of 11 frequent ketamine users and 15 poly-drug controls, matched for IQ, age, years in education. We used fMRI utilizing an ROI approach to examine the neural activity of three regions known to support successful navigation; the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, and the caudate nucleus during a virtual reality task of spatial memory. Frequent ketamine users displayed spatial memory deficits, accompanied by and related to, reduced activation in both the right hippocampus and left parahippocampal gyrus during navigation from memory, and in the left caudate during memory updating, compared to controls. Ketamine users also exhibited schizotypal and dissociative symptoms that were related to hippocampal activation. Impairments in spatial memory observed in ketamine users are related to changes in medial temporal lobe activation. Disrupted medial temporal lobe function may be a consequence of chronic ketamine abuse and may relate to schizophrenia-like symptomatology observed in ketamine users.
Using kernel hypervisors to secure applications

The paper describes an approach for selectively controlling COTS components to provide robustutess and security. Using the concept of a loadable module, "kernel hypervisors" have been implemented on a Linux kernel. These kernel hypervisors provide unbypassable security wrappers for application specific security requirements and can be used to provide replication services as well. A framework has been developed based on a master kernel hypervisor whose job is to coordinate installation and removal of individual client kernel hypervisors and to provide a means for management of these clients. The framework allows client kernel hypervisors to be stacked so that a variety of application specific policies can be implemented, each by means of its own kernel hypervisor. The hypervisors run in the kernel, but since they are loadable modules, they do not require that the kernel be modified. Kernel hypervisors have a number of potential applications, including protecting user systems from malicious active content downloaded via a Web browser and wrapping servers and firewall services for limiting possible compromises.
To know you is to feel intimate with you: Felt knowledge is rooted in disclosure, solicitation, and intimacy

People desire and need to know their relationship partner, and evidence shows that they feel that they know their partner. How does this feeling of knowing one’s partner develop? In this study, we examined three behavioral sources of felt knowledge: partner-disclosure, self-disclosure, and information solicitation. We predicted that the three sources not only contribute to felt knowledge, but also to feelings of intimacy. Felt knowledge and intimacy should be initiated when close partners communicate personally relevant information to the other. They should thereby be mutually transformative: the more people feel they know their partner, the more they should feel intimate with the partner, and the more they feel intimate with the partner, the more they should feel they know their partner. Findings from a five-wave longitudinal study among married couples, revealed good support for model predictions: (1) behavioral sources of knowledge promoted felt knowledge, which, in turn, increased feelings of intimacy, and (2) sources of knowledge promoted feelings of intimacy, which, in turn, increased felt knowledge. These results highlight the subjective and inherently relational nature of felt knowledge and intimacy: although people feel they know their partner, this knowledge is not exclusively fuelled by partner input. Rather, people’s own behavior, their own disclosure and solicitation, contribute to felt knowledge, which plays a crucial role in maintaining close relationships.
Modeling changeset topics for feature location

Feature location is a program comprehension activity in which a developer inspects source code to locate the classes or methods that implement a feature of interest. Many feature location techniques (FLTs) are based on text retrieval models, and in such FLTs it is typical for the models to be trained on source code snapshots. However, source code evolution leads to model obsolescence and thus to the need to retrain the model from the latest snapshot. In this paper, we introduce a topic-modeling-based FLT in which the model is built incrementally from source code history. By training an online learning algorithm using changesets, the FLT maintains an up-to-date model without incurring the non-trivial computational cost associated with retraining traditional FLTs. Overall, we studied over 600 defects and features from 4 open-source Java projects. We also present a historical simulation that demonstrates how the FLT performs as a project evolves. Our results indicate that the accuracy of a changeset-based FLT is similar to that of a snapshot-based FLT, but without the retraining costs.
An overview of insider attacks in cloud computing

Cloud computing offers the potential for significant cost reductions and increased agility for users. However, security concerns continue to be raised as a potential barrier to uptake for private, community and public clouds. A report from the European Network and Information Security Agency on the Priorities for Research on Current and Emerging Network Technologies highlighted trusted cloud models as one of its top priorities for further research. More recently—September 2012—Carnegie Mellon University's computer emergency response team have released a paper describing insider threats to cloud computing as a direction for new research. Further, a project completed at the University of Warwick in 2010 investigated security aspects of cloud computing and in particular the potential for cascade effects. This research involved a detailed modelling of the threat and vulnerability landscape, including the incentives and motivations that might drive attackers. One of the conclusions is that insider threats potentially pose the most significant source of risk. This paper presents the progress made on furthering this research by investigating what attacks are available to insiders together with the damage and implications of such attacks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The arginine-facing amino acid residue of the rat aquaporin 1 constriction determines solute selectivity according to its size and lipophilicity

Abstract Aquaporins (AQP) are transmembrane channels for small, predominantly uncharged solutes. Their selectivity is partly determined by the aromatic/arginine constriction. Ammonia is similar in size and polarity to water, yet a subset of aquaporins distinguishes between the two. We mutated the constriction of water-selective rat AQP1 to mimic that of the ammonia-permeable human AQP8 by replacing Phenylalanine 56 with histidine, Histidine 180 with isoleucine, and Cysteine 189 with glycine, alone and in combination. Only AQP1 mutants including the H180I exchange increased the ammonia and methylamine tolerance of yeast. In a second set of mutations, we replaced Histidine 180 with alanine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, asparagine or glutamine. AQP1 H180A was equivalent to AQP1 H180I. AQP1 H180L increased ammonia but not methylamine tolerance of yeast. AQP1 mutants with methionine, phenylalanine, asparagine or glutamine in place of Histidine 180, increased neither ammonia nor methylamine tolerance of yeast. All mutants conducted water, as judged by osmotic assays with yeast sphaeroplasts. We propose that the arginine-facing amino acid residue is the most versatile selector of aquaporin constrictions, excluding Escherichia coli glycerol facilitator-type aquaporins.
Stem Cells Increase in Numbers in Perinecrotic Areas in Human Renal Cancer

Purpose: Developing strategies to overcome resistance to sunitinib is a major challenge in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We hypothesized that sunitinib-induced tumor necrosis–associated hypoxia could interact with renal cancer stem cells in patients with metastatic RCC. Experimental Design: We studied tissue samples from 7 patients with primary metastatic RCC, before and after sunitinib treatment, and from six xenograft models derived from human RCC. Two xenograft models were responders to sunitinib, the four others were nonresponders. CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells derived from the two responder xenograft models were used for in vitro studies. Results: In the seven primary RCCs, we identified a significantly larger number of CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells in perinecrotic versus perivascular areas. Their numbers also significantly increased after treatment, in perinecrotic areas. We reproduced these clinical and pathologic results in all six RCC xenograft models with again a preferential perinecrotic distribution of CD133-expressing cells. Necrosis occurred at day 7 in the two responder models treated with sunitinib, whereas it occurred at day 21 in the untreated controls and in the four nonresponder models. Strikingly, when we studied the six RCC xenograft models at the time necrosis, whether spontaneous or sunitinib-induced, occurred, necrosis area correlated with stem-cell number in all 120 xenografted RCCs. When studied under experimental hypoxia, the number of CD133/CXCR4–coexpressing cells and their tumorigenic potency increased whereas their sensitivity to sunitinib decreased. Conclusions: In human RCC, sunitinib was able to generate resistance to its own therapeutic effect via induced hypoxia in perinecrotic areas where cancer stem cells were found in increased numbers. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 916–24. ©2014 AACR.
Sensor attack avoidance: Linear quadratic game approach

For reliable and sustainable decision making, it is essential to perform intelligent sensing and data collection at scalable network resources costs. The sensor platforms used in a warfare may be under attacks from adversarial forces, which will largely impact the overall performance of surveillance systems. Thus, it is crucial that each intelligent sensor have the capability of detecting and avoiding possible attacks. In this paper, we study an attack-avoidance problem under the framework of a LQ game formulation. This is a first attempt to solve such kind of problems. From a practical point of view, the inherent hard constraints have been approximated and replaced by soft constraints with a fixed optimization horizon. For implementation, a receding horizon scheme has been used in junction with the LQ strategies. Overall, the LQ strategies can provide good control guidance laws for the players.
Effects of violent video games on sexual aggression in males

v List of Figures. viii List of Tables. ix Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Nonsexual and Sexual Aggression . 1 Frameworks to Understand Aggression . 3 Violent Video Games as the Situation . 6 Purpose and Hypotheses . 8 Chapter 2: Methods . 10 Participants . 10 Measures . 10 Demographics . 10 Social Desirability . 10 History of Perpetration . 11 Hostility Toward Women . 12 Adversarial Sexual Beliefs . 12 Sexual Dominance . 12 Joke Telling . 12 Procedure . 13 Chapter 3: Results . 15 Preliminary Analyses . 15 Final Analyses . 17
Skin microvascular vasodilatory capacity in offspring of two parents with Type 2 diabetes

Aims Microvascular dysfunction occurs in Type 2 diabetes and in subjects with fasting hyperglycaemia. It is unclear whether this dysfunction relates to dysglycaemia. This study investigated in normogylcaemic individuals whether a genetic predisposition to diabetes, or indices of insulin resistance including endothelial markers, were associated with impaired microvascular function.
BAT: A robust signature scheme for vehicular networks using Binary Authentication Tree

In this paper, we propose a robust and efficient signature scheme for vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, called binary authentication tree (BAT). The BAT scheme can effectively eliminate the performance bottleneck when verifying a mass of signatures within a rigorously required interval, even under adverse scenarios with bogus messages. Given any n received messages with k ges 1 bogus ones, the computation cost to verify all these messages only requires approximately (k + 1) ldr log(n/k) + 4k - 2 time-consuming pairing operations. The BAT scheme can also be gracefully transplanted to other similar batch signature schemes. In addition, it offers the other conventional security for vehicular networks, such as identity privacy and traceability. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate the validity and practicality of the BAT scheme.
Strategies for autonomous rovers at Mars

The science return from future robotic exploration of the Martian surface can be enhanced by performing routine processing using onboard computers. This can be accomplished by using software that recognizes scientifically relevant surface features from imaging and other data and prioritizes the data for return transmission to Earth. Two algorithms have been designed and evaluated with field data to identify the properties of the environment that can be reliably detected with onboard imaging and multispectral observation. One algorithm identifies variations in surface textures in images and successfully distinguishes between rocks and soil and between differences in grain size in a rock of a single composition. A second algorithm utilizes a neural net to recognize selected carbonate minerals from spectral reflectance data and successfully identifies carbonates from a set of spectra collected in the field. These types of algorithms will contribute to the efficiency of a landed instrument suite given the limited resources of time, data storage, and available communications opportunities.
The effect of particle size, location and season on the toxicity of urban and rural particulate matter

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) varies in chemical composition and mass concentration based on a number of factors including location, season, source and particle size. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of coarse and fine PM simultaneously collected at three rural and two urban sites within the metropolitan New York City (NYC) region during two seasons, and to assess how particle size and elemental composition affect toxicity. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial (HPMEC-ST1.6R) and bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cell lines were exposed to PM (50 μg/mL) and analyzed for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mice (FVB/N) were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to 50 µg PM, and lavage fluid was analyzed for total protein and PMN influx. The ROS response was greater in the HPMEC-ST1.6R cell line compared to BEAS-2B cells, but the responses were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). The ROS response was affected by location, locale and the location:size interaction in both cell lines, and an additional association for size was observed from HPMEC-ST1.6R cells. Urban fine PM generated the highest ROS response. In the mouse model, inflammation was associated with particle size and by a season:size interaction, with coarse PM producing greater PMN inflammation. This study showed that the aerodynamic size, locale (i.e. urban versus rural), and site of PM samples affected the ROS response in pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cells and the inflammatory response in mice. Importantly, these responses were dependent upon the chemical composition of the PM samples.
Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Septal Curvature Accurately Tracks Acute Hemodynamic Changes in Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension

Background—This study assesses the relationship between septal curvature and mean pulmonary artery pressure and indexed pulmonary vascular resistance in children with pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesized that septal curvature could be used to estimate right ventricular afterload and track acute changes in pulmonary hemodynamics. Methods and Results—Fifty patients with a median age of 6.7 years (range, 0.45–16.5 years) underwent combined cardiac catheterization and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. The majority had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (n=30); the remaining patients had pulmonary hypertension associated with repaired congenital heart disease (n=17) or lung disease (n=3). Mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were acquired at baseline and during vasodilation. Septal curvature was measured using real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance. There was a strong correlation between mean pulmonary artery pressure and SCmin at baseline and during vasodilator testing (r=–0.81 and –0.85, respectively; P<0.01). A strong linear relationship also existed between pulmonary vascular resistance and minimum septal curvature indexed to cardiac output both at baseline and during vasodilator testing (r=–0.88 and –0.87, respectively; P<0.01). Change in septal curvature metrics moderately correlated with absolute change in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, respectively (r=0.58 and –0.74; P<0.01). Septal curvature metrics were able to identify vasoresponders with a sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval, 0.36–0.99) and a specificity of 91% (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.97), using the Sitbon criteria. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension subgroup analysis revealed 3 responders with &Dgr;SCmin values of 0.523, 0.551, and 0.568. If the middle value of 0.551 is taken as a cutoff, the approximate sensitivity would be 67% and the specificity would be 93%. Conclusions—Septal curvature metrics are able to estimate right ventricular afterload and track acute changes in pulmonary hemodynamics during vasodilator testing. This suggests that septal curvature could be used for continuing assessment of load in pulmonary hypertension.
The newspaper image database: empirical supported analysis of users' typology and word association clusters

,Abstract: This paper touches upon the problems ansing in connection with indexing and retrieval for effective searching of digitized images. An empirical study, based on 13 newspaper archives, demonstrates that rules for indexing images can be formulated and that a user group typology can be established. An image user model is suggested based on word clusters. The empirical analysis demonstrates how the results of the word association tests can be used as the foundation for a semantic model.