Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine-to-Machine communication and data processing approach in Future Internet applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) and it's applications are considered as one of the pillars of the Future Internet. One of the main concepts behind IoT is Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. This paper presents a possible way to design and implement communication and processing in Machine-to-Machine environment. The proposed approach is the result of experience acquired in designing applications for home networks area being a part of the Future Internet Engineering (FIE) project. Two applications described in the paper use Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) for communication and Complex Event Processing (CEP) for handling data streams.
Using Servers to Provide Bandwidth Isolation on the Controller Area Network

We present a new share-driven server-based method for scheduling messages sent over the Controller Area Network (CAN) [8]. Share-driven methods are useful in many applications, since they provide both fairness and bandwidth isolation among the users of the resource. Our method is the first share-driven scheduling method proposed for CAN, and it is based on Earliest Deadline First (EDF), which allows higher utilization of the network than CAN’s native fixed-priority scheduling (FPS). We use simulation to show the performance and properties of server-based scheduling for CAN. The simulation results show that the bandwidth isolation property is kept, and that with our method a good Quality-of-Service (QoS) is provided, where virtually all messages are delivered within their deadline.
Where Wolves Kill Moose: The Influence of Prey Life History Dynamics on the Landscape Ecology of Predation

The landscape ecology of predation is well studied and known to be influenced by habitat heterogeneity. Little attention has been given to how the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the landscape ecology of predation might be modulated by life history dynamics of prey in mammalian systems. We demonstrate how life history dynamics of moose (Alces alces) contribute to landscape patterns in predation by wolves (Canis lupus) in Isle Royale National Park, Lake Superior, USA. We use pattern analysis and kernel density estimates of moose kill sites to demonstrate that moose in senescent condition and moose in prime condition tend to be wolf-killed in different regions of Isle Royale in winter. Predation on senescent moose was clustered in one kill zone in the northeast portion of the island, whereas predation on prime moose was clustered in 13 separate kill zones distributed throughout the full extent of the island. Moreover, the probability of kill occurrence for senescent moose, in comparison to prime moose, increased in high elevation habitat with patches of dense coniferous trees. These differences can be attributed, at least in part, to senescent moose being more vulnerable to predation and making different risk-sensitive habitat decisions than prime moose. Landscape patterns emerging from prey life history dynamics and habitat heterogeneity have been observed in the predation ecology of fish and insects, but this is the first mammalian system for which such observations have been made.
Combination of Probiotics and Antibiotics in the Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection in Children

Objective We examined the preventive effect of probiotic and antibiotics versus antibiotics alone, in children with recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI) in a preliminary randomized clinical trial. Methods Between March 2007 and April 2011, children with the history of RUTI and unilateral vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were randomly assigned to receive concomitant probiotic and antibiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium lactis, 107/ml, as 0.25 ml/kg three times a day regimen in addition to Nitrofurantoin, 1mg/kg daily (group I). In group II, all children received conventional prophylactic antibiotics alone (Nitrofurantoin, 1 mg/kg daily). Randomization was performed via using the random numerals table in a 1:1 manner with stratification by sex, age and grade of reflux. The urine examinations were done monthly and the incidence of UTI was evaluated in these two groups. Findings Forty-one children (age: 8.3±3.1 years) in group I and 44 children (age: 8.0±3.0 years) in group II were compared. During the course of three years, 39% in group I and 50% of participants in group II experienced RUTIs (P=0.4). Incidences of UTI - febrile and afebrile - reduced in both groups without any significant differences after two years of prophylaxis. Also, incidence of afebrile UTIs did not significantly differ (0.51±1.30 and 0.81±1.41 respectively, P =0.3); however, the incidence of febrile UTIs in particular were lower in group I (0.00±0.00 versus 0.13±0.40, P =0.03) in the last year. Conclusion The consumption of probiotic and antibiotics in children with RUTI is safe and more effective in reducing the incidence of febrile UTI in comparison to prophylactic antibiotics alone.
The Impact of Conformity and Qualifications on Perceptions of Power, Competency, and First Offers in Negotiations

Norm violations typically result in negative consequences and perceptions towards the transgressor; however, recent research has indicated that violating norms may result in positive outcomes if the transgressor was perceived as high status (Bellezza, Gino, & Keinan, 2014). Negotiators in a job hiring process might have their own set of social norms that they are expected to follow, such as the attire they should wear to a negotiation. A violation of one of these norms may have an impact on the perceptions of the job applicant, and thus, alter the negotiation process for a starting job offer. It was hypothesized that the qualifications of a job applicant would increase perceptions of power and competence and that the applicant would receive more favorable first offers than less qualified applicants. It was also hypothesized that there would be an interaction between non-conformity and resume qualifications on perceived power, perceived competence, and the value of a first offer. The data was collected from 240 participants from Amazon’s MTurk platform. Results indicated that having a profile that shows an applicant is highly qualified for a position received more favorable first offers and were perceived as more competent than unqualified applicants. Furthermore, there were interaction effects nonconformity and resume quality such that applicants who are unqualified and strongly deviate from expected norms received significantly worse first offers and are perceived as being incompetent relative to other conditions. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Personalizing Conflict in Different Interpersonal Relationship Types

Taking conflict personally (TCP), the degree to which people experience negative consequences from conflict, is typically conceived as a state or trait. This investigation went beyond TCP as an individual characteristic in identifying differences in TCP based on the type of relationship in which conflict is situated. Participants were surveyed about their experience of conflict within a relationship of their choosing. The results showed that TCP differed by relationship type. Relationships higher in satisfaction had decreased personalization, whereas relationships higher in importance had increased personalization. These findings extend TCP research by showing that relationships themselves are characterized by conflict personalization.
Expressing combinatorial optimization problems by linear programs

Many combinatorial optimization problems call for the optimization of a linear function over a certain polytope. Typically, these polytopes have an exponential number of facets. We explore the problem of finding small linear programming formulations when one may use any new variables and constraints. We show that expressing the matching and the Traveling Salesman Problem by a symmetric linear program requires exponential size. We relate the minimum size needed by a LP to express a polytope to a combinatorial parameter, point out some connections with communication complexity theory, and examine the vertex packing polytope for some classes of graphs.
Improved Cooperative Group Search Optimization Based on Divide-and-Conquer Strategy

Evolutionary Computing (EC) approaches have been widely applied on optimization problems, given their flexibility and capabilities to deal with difficult environments. In this context, Group Search Optimizer (GSO) was proposed as a nature-inspired algorithm based on animal searching Behaviour and group living theory to solve continuous optimization problems. Cooperation has been applied successfully to improve the performance of population-based methods, such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). In this paper, two new cooperative group search optimization models are presented, based on multiple GSO groups, employing divide-and-conquer strategies. Experiments were performed on 14 benchmark functions to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms in comparison to other well-known EC methods from literature. Experimental results showed that the proposed approaches are able to achieve better results than standard GSO in most of the test functions.
Variational Multiscale Finite Element Method for Flows in Highly Porous Media

We present a two-scale finite element method (FEM) for solving Brinkman’s and Darcy’s equations. These systems of equations model fluid flows in highly porous and porous media, respectively. The method uses a recently proposed discontinuous Galerkin FEM for Stokes’ equations by Wang and Ye and the concept of subgrid approximation developed by Arbogast for Darcy’s equations. In order to reduce the “resonance error” and to ensure convergence to the global fine solution, the algorithm is put in the framework of alternating Schwarz iterations using subdomains around the coarse-grid boundaries. The discussed algorithms are implemented using the Deal.II finite element library and are tested on a number of model problems.
Increased plasma apolipoprotein C-III concentration independently predicts cardiovascular mortality: the Hoorn Study.

BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia is a cardiovascular risk factor. Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) is an important determinant of the catabolic rate of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of plasma apoC-III concentrations for cardiovascular mortality. METHODS We performed this prospective study in 2244 subjects (ages 49-77 years) who participated in the Hoorn Study. During a mean follow-up of 15 years, 504 individuals died: 231 of cardiovascular disease, 180 of cancer, and 93 of other causes. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and plasma apoC-III concentrations were measured at baseline. RESULTS The age- and sex-adjusted plasma apoC-III concentration was prospectively associated with cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.001). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, including fasting triglycerides, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for cardiovascular death between the highest and the lowest quartile of apoC-III was 1.85 (1.02-3.38). High concentrations of apoC-III did not appear to be associated with noncardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS In this general population cohort, a high apoC-III concentration in plasma, independently of fasting triglycerides and other traditional risk factors, predicts cardiovascular mortality.
Interaction Between Dietary Vitamin K Intake and Anticoagulation by Vitamin K Antagonists: Is It Really True?

AbstractEducational advice is often given to patients starting treatment with vitamin K Antagonists (VKAs). A great emphasis is made on nutritional information. Common belief is that dietary vitamin K intake could counteract the anticoagulant effect by VKAs and for many years, patients have been discouraged to consume vitamin-K-rich foods, such as green leafy vegetables.The objective of this study is to summarize the current evidence supporting the putative interaction between dietary vitamin K intake and changes in INR with the VKAs.Data sources are MEDLINE via PubMed and Cochrane database.All clinical studies investigating the relationship between dietary vitamin K and measures of anticoagulation were included. We excluded all studies of supplementation of vitamin K alone.We performed a systematic review of the literature up to October 2015, searching for a combination of “food,” “diet,” “vitamin K,” “phylloquinone,” “warfarin,” “INR,” “coagulation,” and “anticoagulant. ”Two dietary interventional trials and 9 observational studies were included. We found conflicting evidence on the effect of dietary intake of vitamin K on coagulation response. Some studies found a negative correlation between vitamin K intake and INR changes, while others suggested that a minimum amount of vitamin K is required to maintain an adequate anticoagulation. Median dietary intake of vitamin K1 ranged from 76 to 217 &mgr;g/day among studies, and an effect on coagulation may be detected only for high amount of vitamin intake (>150 &mgr;g/day). Most studies included patients with various indications for VKAs therapy, such as atrial fibrillation, prosthetic heart valves, and venous thromboembolism. Thus, INR target was dishomogeneous and no subanalyses for specific populations or different anticoagulants were conducted. Measures used to evaluate anticoagulation stability were variable.The available evidence does not support current advice to modify dietary habits when starting therapy with VKAs. Restriction of dietary vitamin K intake does not seem to be a valid strategy to improve anticoagulation quality with VKAs. It would be, perhaps, more relevant to maintain stable dietary habit, avoiding wide changes in the intake of vitamin K.
Philosophy of the Spike: Rate-Based vs. Spike-Based Theories of the Brain

Does the brain use a firing rate code or a spike timing code? Considering this controversial question from an epistemological perspective, I argue that progress has been hampered by its problematic phrasing. It takes the perspective of an external observer looking at whether those two observables vary with stimuli, and thereby misses the relevant question: which one has a causal role in neural activity? When rephrased in a more meaningful way, the rate-based view appears as an ad hoc methodological postulate, one that is practical but with virtually no empirical or theoretical support.
In Situ Visualization Techniques for High Performance Computing

Scientific visualization for exascale computing is very likely to require in situ processing. Traditional simulation checkpointing and post hoc visualization will likely be unsustainable on future systems at current trends due to the growing gap between I/O bandwidth and FLOPS. As a result, the majority of simulation data may be lost if in situ visualization techniques are not deployed. In situ visualization in this paradigm will be given unprecedented access to simulation output, potentially being able to process all relevant simulation output at every simulation time step, allowing for very high temporal fidelity compared to traditional post hoc visualization. However, this access poses many challenges in terms of data management, resource management and sharing, algorithm development and design, and implementation approaches. Currently, the community primarily relies on two in situ techniques: tightly coupled (on the same resource as the simulation) and loosely coupled (not sharing resources with the simulation). Each of these approaches have positive and negative factors which affect their performance under different simulation, resource, and visualization type constraints. Meaning, that for every given visualization task, it is not generally known which method would give the best performance on every data type, architecture, and set of resource constraints. Due to the lack of research and development on this topic it is still an open research problem requiring future research.
Minimizing Communication Costs of Distributed Local Computation 1

From the very first beginning, local computation algorithms were considered as distributed algorithms wherein (virtual) processors exchange messages to solve a common computational task. Thereby, the efficiency of local computation is particularly pointed out, whenever the complexity of the underlying valuation algebra operations manifests an exponential complexity. This behavior is often related to the size of the involved messages and therefore, minimization of communication costs in local computation becomes an important issue. This paper measures these costs by use of a generic weight function and shows concretely, under which condition these costs can be minimized. Furthermore, we present an efficient algorithm for the appropriate minimization problem.
Deformations of M-theory Killing superalgebras

We classify the Lie superalgebra deformations of the Killing superalgebras of some M-theory backgrounds. We show that the Killing superalgebras of the Minkowski, Freund–Rubin and M5-brane backgrounds are rigid, whereas the ones for the M-wave, the Kaluza–Klein monopole and the M2-brane admit deformations, which we give explicitly.
A NEW APPROACH TO ADDRESSING TREATMENT MOTIVATION AND RELATED BEHAVIORS

he criminal justice system is in a nearly impossible situation, try-ing to address a myriad of problem behaviors such as substance abuse, sex -ual risk, mental health, and educational and vocational deficits. Probation is the largest segment of the U.S. criminal jus-tice system, with nearly 5 million people on probation supervision.
Drivers for software refactoring decisions

This paper presents an empirical study of drivers for software refactoring decisions. We studied the refactoring decisions made by 37 students evaluating ten methods of a purposefully constructed Java program. The decision rationales reported by the evaluators were coded to identify the drivers behind the decisions. The identified drivers were categorized into Structure, Documentation, Visual Representation, and General drivers. The evaluators had conflicting opinions both regarding the internal quality of the methods and refactoring decisions. Complex code problems were detected only by experienced evaluators. Using regression analysis, we looked at the predictive value of drivers explaining the refactoring decisions. The most salient driver leading to a favourable refactoring decision was method size. This study provides information of the refactoring decisions and helps form a basis for creating code problem detectors. By comparing automatic detection and the identified drivers we gained understanding of code problems that are difficult or impossible to detect automatically, for example Poor Algorithm. Issues detected only by experienced developers, and code problems for which the human eye surpasses automatic detection indicate good areas for developer education.
A cognitive bedside assessment beyond the MMSE: the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination.

[Graphic][1] Few clinical tests have had such a meteoric rise in popularity as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Originally developed in the early 1970s by a group of psychiatrists with the aim of “serial testing of the cognitive mental state in patients on a neurogeriatric ward”, only a few decades later it has become the most widely used tool for cognitive assessment in a wide range of neurological diseases. As such, it was introduced to the readers of Practical Neurology by Ridha and Rossor.1 However, as the authors point out in their article, the MMSE has several serious limitations (table 1), such as its over-reliance on verbal cognitive function at the expense of non-dominant hemisphere skills and executive functions. In fact, the MMSE is based almost entirely on verbal assessment of memory and attention. It is insensitive to frontal-executive dysfunction and visuospatial deficits. The assessment of memory and language is very superficial. Moreover, it does not provide qualitative information about the patient’s cognitive profile and hence cannot be used to differentiate between different diseases. View this table: Table 1 Mental functions not (or not sufficiently) examined by the Mini-Mental State Examination In some patient groups, such as Parkinson’s disease and related disorders, the MMSE as the only method of cognitive assessment might not only be inappropriate, but even misleading; a normal MMSE is likely to lead to the false assumption of preserved cognitive status while in fact the patient might have severe frontal-dysexecutive or visuospatial symptoms. The limitations of the MMSE are hardly surprising, given the fact that it was created at a time when the routine brain imaging technique was pneumencephalography and CT had not yet entered clinical practice. It was based on a concept of dementia as a unitary syndrome of “a global deterioration of intellect”, irrespective of the underlying brain pathology. In … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Tilting operations for small screen interfaces

This TechNote introduces new interaction techniques for small screen devices such as palmtop computers or hand-held electric devices, including pagers and cellular phones. Our proposed method uses the tilt of the device itself as input. Using both tilt and buttons, it is possible to build several interaction techniques ranging from menus and scroll bars, to more complicated examples such as a map browsing system and a 3D object viewer. During operation, only one hand is required to both hold and control the device. This feature is especially useful for field workers.
Deep layer neurons in the rat medial entorhinal cortex fire sparsely irrespective of spatial novelty

Extracellular recordings in medial entorhinal cortex have revealed the existence of spatially-modulated firing patterns, which are thought to contribute to a cognitive map of external space. Previous work indicated that during exploration of novel environments, spiking activity in deep entorhinal layers is much sparser than in superficial layers. In the present report, we ask whether this laminar activity profile is a consequence of environmental novelty. We report on a large dataset of juxtacellularly-recorded neurons (n = 70) whose spiking activity was monitored while rats explored either a novel or a familiar environment, or both within the same session. Irrespective of previous knowledge of the environment, deep layer activity was very low during exploration (median firing rate 0.4 Hz for non-silent cells), with a large fraction of silent cells (n = 19 of a total 37), while superficial layer activity was several times higher (median firing rate 2.4 Hz; n = 33). The persistence of laminar differences in firing activity both under environmental novelty and familiarity, and even in head-restrained stationary animals, suggests that sparse coding might be a constitutive feature of deep entorhinal layers.