Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tex by topic - a texnicians's reference

To the casual observer, T EX is not a state-of-the-art typesetting system. No flashy multilevel menus and interactive manipulation of text and graphics dazzle the onlooker. On a less superficial level, however, T EX is a very sophisticated program, first of all because of the ingeniousness of its built-in algorithms for such things as paragraph breaking and make-up of mathematical formulas, and second because of its almost complete programmability. The combination of these factors makes it possible for T EX to realize almost every imaginable layout in a highly automated fashion. Unfortunately, it also means that T EX has an unusually large number of commands and parameters, and that programming T EX can be far from easy. Anyone wanting to program in TEX, and maybe even the ordinary user, would seem to need two books: a tutorial that gives a first glimpse of the many nuts and bolts of T EX, and after that a systematic, complete reference manual. This book tries to fulfil the latter function. A T EXer who has already made a start (using any of a number of introductory books on the market) should be able to use this book indefinitely thereafter. In this volume the universe of T EX is presented as about forty different subjects, each in a separate chapter. Each chapter starts out with a list of control sequences relevant to the topic of that chapter and proceeds to treat the theory of the topic. Most chapters conclude with remarks and examples. Globally, the chapters are ordered as follows. The chapters on basic mechanisms are first, the chapters on text treatment and mathematics are next, and finally there are some chapters on output and aspects of T EX’s connections to the outside world. The book also contains a glossary of T EX commands, tables, and indexes by example, by control sequence, and by subject. The subject index refers for most concepts to only one page, where most of the information on that topic can be found, as well as references to the locations of related information. This book does not treat any specific T EX macro package. Any parts of the plain format that are treated are those parts that belong to the ‘core’ of plain T EX: they are also present in, for instance, L TEX. Therefore, most remarks about the plain format are true for L TEX, as well as most other formats. Putting it differently, if the text refers to the plain format, this should be taken as a contrast to pure IniT EX, not to LTEX. By way of illustration, occasionally macros from plain T EX are explained that do not belong to the core. Acknowledgment I am indebted to Barbara Beeton, Karl Berry, and Nico Poppelier, who read previous versions of this book. Their comments helped to improve the presentation. Also I would like to thank the participants of the discussion lists T EXhax, TEX-nl, andcomp.text. tex. Their questions and answers gave me much food for thought. Finally, any acknowledgement in a book about T EX ought to include Donald Knuth for inventing T EX in the first place. This book is no exception. Victor Eijkhout Urbana, Illinois, August 1991 Knoxville, Tennessee, May 2001
Sequence Analysis of the Mobile Genome Island pKLC102 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa C

ABSTRACT The Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pKLC102 coexists as a plasmid and a genome island in clone C strains. Whereas the related plasmid pKLK106 reversibly recombines with P. aeruginosa clone K chromosomes at one of the two tRNALys genes, pKLC102 is incorporated into the tRNALys gene only close to the pilA locus. Targeting of the other tRNALys copy in the chromosome is blocked by a 23,395-bp mosaic of truncated PAO open reading frames, transposons, and pKLC102 homologs. Annotation and phylogenetic analysis of the large 103,532-bp pKLC102 sequence revealed that pKLC102 is a hybrid of plasmid and phage origin. The plasmid lineage conferred oriV and genes for replication, partitioning, and conjugation, including a pil cluster encoding type IV thin sex pili and an 8,524-bp chvB glucan synthetase gene that is known to be a major determinant for host tropism and virulence. The phage lineage conferred integrase, att, and a syntenic set of conserved hypothetical genes also observed in the tRNAGly-associated genome islands of P. aeruginosa clone C chromosomes. In subgroup C isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, pKLC102 was irreversibly fixed into the chromosome by the insertion of the large 23,061-bp class I transposon TNCP23, which is a composite of plasmid, integron, and IS6100 elements. Intramolecular transposition of a copy of IS6100 led to chromosomal inversions and disruption of plasmid synteny. The case of pKLC102 in P. aeruginosa clone C documents the intraclonal evolution of a genome island from a mobile ancestor via a reversibly integrated state to irreversible incorporation and dissipation in the chromosome.
The Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire is a predictor and correlate of outcome in the high-dose versus low-dose penicillamine in systemic sclerosis trial.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical implications of a score of > or =1.0 on the Disability Index of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ DI) at the first patient visit, and to examine the implications of improvement in HAQ DI score over 2 years in a cohort of systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma. METHODS SSc skin and visceral involvement was assessed in 134 SSc patients with diffuse scleroderma (mean +/- SD disease duration of 10 +/- 4 months) when they entered a multicenter drug trial and again 2 years later. Mortality and the occurrence of scleroderma renal crisis were assessed for a mean +/- SD of 4.0 +/- 1.1 years. Logistic and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship of the baseline HAQ DI score to morbidity, mortality, and visceral involvement, as well as the relationship of changes in the HAQ DI score to changes in physical examination, laboratory, and functional variables over 2 years. RESULTS A baseline HAQ DI score of > or =1.0 was predictive of mortality (odds ratio 3.22, 95% confidence interval 1.097-9.468) over 4 years. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that a model which included the erythrocyte sedimentation rate at baseline (P = 0.005) and changes at 2 years in the swollen joint count (P = 0.002), total skin score (P = 0.005), and white blood cell count (P = 0.005) best explained the change in HAQ DI score over 2 years (R2 = 0.528). The HAQ DI score and total skin score at baseline were highly correlated (correlation coefficient 0.368), as were changes in the HAQ DI score and the total skin score over 2 years (correlation coefficient 0.492). Although the HAQ DI score was heavily influenced by hand dysfunction at baseline and at 2 years, improvement (reduction) in the HAQ DI score over 2 years was related to factors other than hand dysfunction. CONCLUSION A baseline HAQ DI score of > or =1.0 predicted mortality over 4 years. Improvement in the HAQ DI score in these patients with diffuse scleroderma was associated with improvement in skin thickening, hand function, oral aperture, lung function, signs of arthritis, serum creatinine level, and the investigator's global assessment of improvement. The HAQ DI is a self-administered questionnaire that SSc patients can complete easily and rapidly and that gives the practicing physician important information about prognosis, patient status, and changes in disease course over time.
The impact of awareness on supply chain efficiency: analyzing organizations in the healthcare sector in Cali

There is a negative perception of the provision of health services in the Valle del Cauca region since the needs of the community are not being met efficiently. It is necessary, therefore, to evaluate the impact on the quality of the health service of the awareness generated about the general coverage of these services both in the users and in the care personnel of the hospital network. This study focuses on the perception that health center users and staff have of the quality of the hospital service. The quantitative data extracted from the 196 surveys refer to the subsequent use of the 3A model with its constructs (Affordability, Accessibility, and Awareness). The surveys were randomly addressed to the staff of several hospitals and health centers in the department of Valle del Cauca. The initial findings indicate that in the health sector of the region, the quality of the service offered is of little importance in improving the efficiency of the supply chain of this sector, but the exercise of the practices carried out in health centers and their flexibility to adapt to changes in the demand for services directly influences the supply chain.
The Effect of Social Media Marketing on Brand Awareness through Facebook: An Individual-Based Perspective of Mobile Services Sector in Egypt

The growing usage of social media is changing the businesses’ method re-sponding to consumer’s needs and wants and increasing the chances for firms to market their products and services in a customized and personal way. Nev-ertheless, there are still needed answers concerning to what extent social media platforms as marketing tools are being employed by companies and their effect on brand awareness in mobile service providing industry in Egypt. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media marketing activities on Facebook on brand awareness keeping into consideration the moderating effect of demographics, namely; age and gender. The research showed that social media marketing firms use mainly about six dimensions as an instrument for their marketing activities: Online Communities, Interaction, Sharing of Content, Accessibility, and credibility. Also, this research is testing the demographics moderation role in the relationship between social media marketing activities on Facebook and consumer based brand awareness. Moreover, practical importance of this research is described in the fact that managers may use the results to improve their marketing activities related to social networks specially their Facebook fan pages to have better brand awareness of their brands. Besides, firms may start to integrate social media marketing into their marketing strategies, improving communication and interaction with their customers and increase their brand awareness circle. A sample of the study totaled 402 customers; the researcher tested the hypothesis using the correlation analysis, regression analysis using SPSS and structure equation model using AMOS. This research provides an evidence of the relationship between social media marketing activities on Facebook and brand awareness of mobile service providers in Egypt.
Aspects of Legal and Ethical Liability in International Trade with B2B Customised Products – Industrial Component Sector Experience

Purpose of the article: There has been a growing demand for customised solution offers prepared by companies on both B2B and B2C markets. Strong focus on product customisation generates legal and ethical business aspects, especially in the international trade. The purpose of this article is company behaviour changes mapping and trend identification specifically in international trade within the industrial component sector based on performed qualitative research. Methodology/methods: Qualitative research in the form of research case studies was used. There were five companies selected representing a variety of industrial component suppliers, both producers and trade companies in different size categories located in several European countries. The research questions were formulated and research results and respective limitations were discussed. Scientific aim: The scientific aim consists in observing and describing the current situation and trends in international trade within the industrial component sector with a high involvement of the product customisation. An important aspect also includes a multidisciplinary approach of the article covering marketing, trade and legal business issues. Findings: The research results show an increasing importance of focus on offering product individualisation to customers as a key factor influencing their sustainable competitiveness. Companies also see an increased importance of related process optimisation, as well as streamlining customer communication. Conclusions: Based on the presented five case studies, it is possibly to identify a trend of an increased demand for closer cooperation of the component suppliers with their customers independent of the country of location. Customers are also asking for supplier’s full responsibility for the solution delivered. On the other hand, companies are not yet ready to provide such services in an efficient way within the current structure of their distribution channels. In order to confirm those qualitative research results, there should be additional quantitative research prepared and performed mapping a broader range of companies in wider industrial sectors to get a better picture of both customer demands and company capabilities.
Analyzing the relationship between exploration, exploitation and organizational innovation

Purpose Although most of the literature supports the existence of a substitutive relationship between exploration and exploitation, some authors suggest that this relationship is complementary (ambidexterity), and others argue that there is no relationship. This paper aims to introduce organizational innovation into the analysis and discusses which of these three relationships prevails. Design/methodology/approach Analyses were performed using data from Spanish Technological Innovation Panel for the period 2008-2013. It should be emphasized that the use of panel data is essential in the analysis of the interaction of exploration and exploitation, as exploration only makes sense in the long run. Econometric strategy uses a two-stage selection model, estimated using the Wooldridge’s (1995) consistent estimator for panel data with sample selection. To perform the test, the hypothesis uses the approach of complementarity. Findings The results show that the relationships exploration-organizational innovation and exploitation-organizational innovation are complementary, provided that the analysis is performed on companies that simultaneously carry out exploration and exploitation activities, respectively. This indicates that the achievement of ambidexterity is strongly conditioned by the simultaneous realization of organizational innovations. Practical implications Managers and policymakers should be aware that the simultaneous implementation of exploration and exploitation yields better results when the corresponding organizational innovations are also implemented. Originality/value This paper extends the empirical investigation of the relationship between exploration and exploitation, seen in conjunction with organizational innovation, and using the complementarity approach as a research tool.
Impaired autophagy due to constitutive mTOR activation sensitizes TSC2-null cells to cell death under stress

It has been well documented that cells deficient in either TSC1 or TSC2 are highly sensitive to various cell death stimuli. In this study, we utilized the TSC2-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to study the involvement of autophagy in the enhanced susceptibility of TSC2-null cells to cell death. We first confirmed that both TSC1-null and TSC2-null MEFs are more sensitive to apoptosis in response to amino acid starvation (EBSS) and hypoxia. Second, we found that both the basal and inducible autophagy in TSC2-/- MEFs is impaired, mainly due to constitutive activation of mTORC1. Third, suppression of autophagy by chloroquine and Atg7 knockdown sensitizes TSC2+/+ cells, but not TSC2-/- cells, to EBSS-induced cell death. Conversely, the inhibition of mTORC1 by raptor knockdown and rapamycin activates autophagy and subsequently rescues TSC2-/- cells. Finally, in starved cells, nutrient supplementations (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and leucine) enhanced cell death in TSC2-/- cells, but reduced cell death in TSC2+/+ cells. Taken together, these data indicate that constitutive activation of mTORC1 in TSC2-/- cells leads to suppression of autophagy and enhanced susceptibility to stress-mediated cell death. Our findings thus provide new insights into the complex relationships among mTOR, autophagy and cell death, and support the possible autophagy-targeted intervention strategies for the treatment of TSC-related pathologies.
Contribution à l'étude de circuits planaires par une méthode itérative basée sur le concept d'onde (F. W. C. I. P)

Le travail presente dans ce memoire, a ete dans un premier temps de formuler une nouvelle methode iterative basee sur le concept d'onde (la FWCIP) pour modeliser tout type de dispositifs micro-ondes planaires sans aucune contrainte geometrique, puis a l'ameliorer au fur et a mesure que les difficultes sont survenues. L'objectif de cette methode est de determiner une relation simple et efficace permettant de mettre en relation les ondes incidentes et reflechies dans les differents milieux environnant la discontinuite en exprimant la reflexion dans le domaine modal et la diffraction, definie a partir des conditions aux limites et de continuite, dans le domaine spatial. Le processus iteratif s'appuie sur la transformee de Fourier rapide en modes (FFTM) pour passer rapidement d'un domaine a l'autre et pour s'affranchir des fonctions d'essai. En sus, la FFTM permet de diminuer considerablement le temps de calcul. L'algorithme de la moyenne mobile a ete applique a la methode afin d'accroitre les performances de celle-ci, en permettant l'acceleration de la convergence de l'impedance vue par la source. Ce simulateur, apres quelques comparaisons avec la litterature, se prete aussi bien a l'etude de structures en guide d'ondes classique (iris), des structures microrubans (antennes, coupleurs), qu'a des dispositifs coplanaires (filtres) en simple ou multicouches. Ensuite, la formulation de la methode a ete revisee pour permettre l'analyse de structures imprimees sur des materiaux artificiels realises soit a partir de plots metalliques (via-holes) disposes periodiquement dans le substrat dielectrique d'un circuit microruban ou a partir de gravures periodiques dans le plan de masse d'une ligne microruban. La FWCIP combinee avec la methode des elements de frontiere a permis de definir les principales caracteristiques des filtres a gap photonique. Pour terminer, une etude comparative a ete faite entre la simulation et les mesures.
UVR: sun, lamps, pigmentation and vitamin D

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has important and significant consequences on human health. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the beneficial effects of UVR. This perspective gives an introduction to the solar spectrum, UV lamps, UV dosimetry, skin pigment and vitamin D. The health benefits of UVR exposure through vitamin D production or non-vitamin D pathways will be discussed in this themed issue in the following articles.
Searching locally: a comparison of Yehey! and Google

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Filipino search engine, Yehey! against what has become the industry standard, Google.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 14 queries were submitted to Yehey! and Google. The top ten sites returned from each were examined for dates created and modified, domain name, the presence of dead or advertising links, the quality of the site as indicated by statements of responsibility and purpose as well as credentials, and overlap.Findings – Despite its promise of providing access to Filipino cyberspace, Yehey! fell short on most of the measures used to evaluate the two search engines.Originality/value – To date, little research has been conducted on local Asian search engines, despite the growth of internet use in the region.
Identification of an amino acid essential to the normal assembly of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedra

We compared the DNA sequence of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene with that of the polyhedrin gene from a morphology mutant called M5. A single point mutation was found at the BamHI restriction site within the polyhedrin coding sequence. This point mutation caused a substitution of leucine for proline at amino acid 58 in the M5 polyhedrin. This point mutation was shown to be responsible for both the appearance of cubic polyhedra and the altered mobility of the polypeptide on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels by transferring the M5 polyhedrin gene to the wild-type virus by cotransfection. Recombinants were found which assembled cubic polyhedra in infected cells, had the BamHI restriction site missing, and had an altered mobility of their polyhedrin polypeptide. Computed-predicted secondary-structure analysis indicated that the amino acid at position 58 could be critical to the proper folding of polyhedrin.
Studying nuclear hormone receptor-response element interactions using surface plasmon resonance imaging technique

We have applied SPR imaging technique for efficient and precise measurement of the binding of estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) with their response elements (EREs) arrayed on chip. Four EREs - one containing a perfect core sequence (GGTCAnnnTGACC), and three containing imperfect cores (i.e., with one base substitution in one of the half-site, GGTCAnnnTGGCC; with one half-site mutant, GGTCAnnnCACGA and a scrambled DNA with both half-site mutant) were involved in this study. ERα and ERβ binding to these sequences at two buffer conditions (higher and lower ionic strength) was measured to determine the salt effects and sequence impact on ER-ERE binding. Distinct binding behaviour of ERα and ERβ has been compared. Conventional SPR experiments were run in parallel to cross check the results from SPR imager and to optimize the assay protocol of the SPR imager. A precise measurement of sequence dependent ER-ERE binding is of significance in determining the rules, by which ERs are recruited by DNA.
Problèmes de filtrage et problème d'analyse pour les grammaires catégorielles abstraites. (Matching problem and parsing problem for abstract categorial grammars)

Ce travail de these contient une etude detaillee de la complexite de l'analyse des grammaires categorielles abstraites et il presente des algorithmes d'analyse pour ce formalisme. Les grammaires categorielles abstraites ont ete introduites par Philippe de Groote comme un cadre formel pour l'etude du langage et des liens entre ces diverses dimensions. Les grammaires categorielles abstraites utilisent comme bases formelles la logique lineaire et le lambda-calcul lineaire. Une partie substantielle de ce travail est consacree a l'etude du filtrage dans le lambda-calcul lineaire; la conception des algorithmes d'analyse proposes est issue pour une bonne part de cette etude qui de plus permet d'envisager une extension du formalisme afin qu'il reponde au mieux a ses ambitions.