Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Control of Synaptic Receptivity

Are neurons born with the ability to form and receive synapses or do they acquire these abilities during development? We have previously found that purified postnatal retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) require soluble astrocyte-derived signals to form synapses in vitro and in vivo. Here we show that newly generated embryonic day 17 (E17) RGCs are able to form but not receive synapses under these conditions. Dendrite growth is not sufficient to trigger receptivity; rather, the ability of newly generated RGCs to receive synapses is acquired at E19 in response to direct contact by neighboring cell types. Direct contact with astrocytes, which are not present at E17 but are normally generated by E19, is sufficient to induce synaptic receptivity in E17 RGCs. In contrast, amacrine contact does not induce synaptic receptivity. Interestingly, astrocyte contact alters the localization of the synaptic adhesion molecule neurexin away from dendrites. In addition, dendritic expression of neurexin is sufficient to prevent astrocyte contact-mediated increases in synapse number, suggesting a molecular mechanism by which astrocyte contact regulates neuronal synaptic receptivity. Thus, synaptic receptivity is not induced simply by dendritic elaboration but must be signaled by both contact-mediated signaling from astrocytes and a shift in the dendritic localization of neurexin.
Enabling a Uniform Programming Model Across the Software/Hardware Boundary

In this paper, we present hthreads, a unifying programming model for specifying application threads running within a hybrid CPU/FPGA system. Threads are specified from a single pthreads multithreaded application program and compiled to run on the CPU or synthesized to run on the FPGA. The hthreads system, in general, is unique within the reconfigurable computing community as it abstracts the CPU/FPGA components into a unified custom threaded multiprocessor architecture platform. To support the abstraction of the CPU/FPGA component boundary, we have created the hardware thread interface (HWTI) component that frees the designer from having to specify and embed platform specific instructions to form customized hardware/software interactions. Instead, the hardware thread interface supports the generalized pthreads API semantics, and allows passing of abstract data types between hardware and software threads. Thus the hardware thread interface provides an abstract, platform independent compilation target that enables thread and instruction-level parallelism across the software/hardware boundary
Secure Untrusted Data Repository (SUNDR)

SUNDR is a network file system designed to store data securely on untrusted servers. SUNDR lets clients detect any attempts at unauthorized file modification by malicious server operators or users. SUNDR's protocol achieves a property called fork consistency, which guarantees that clients can detect any integrity or consistency failures as long as they see each other's file modifications. An implementation is described that performs comparably with NFS (sometimes better and sometimes worse), while offering significantly stronger security.
Characteristics of Glucose Metabolism in Nordic and South Asian Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes

Background Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are more prevalent in people of South Asian ethnicity than in people of Western European origin. To investigate the source of these differences, we compared insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, glucose and lipid metabolism in South Asian and Nordic subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods Forty-three Nordic and 19 South Asian subjects with type 2 diabetes were examined with intra-venous glucose tolerance test, euglycemic clamp including measurement of endogenous glucose production, indirect calorimetry measuring glucose and lipid oxidation, and dual x-ray absorptiometry measuring body composition. Results Despite younger mean ± SD age (49.7±9.4 vs 58.3±8.3 years, p = 0.001), subjects of South Asian ethnicity had the same diabetes duration (9.3±5.5 vs 9.6±7.0 years, p = 0.86), significantly higher median [inter-quartile range] HbA1c (8.5 [1.6] vs 7.3 [1.6] %, p = 0.024) and lower BMI (28.7±4.0 vs 33.2±4.7 kg/m2, p<0.001). The South Asian group exhibited significantly higher basal endogenous glucose production (19.1 [9.1] vs 14.4 [6.8] µmol/kgFFM⋅min, p = 0.003). There were no significant differences between the groups in total glucose disposal (39.1±20.4 vs 39.2±17.6 µmol/kgFFM⋅min, p = 0.99) or first phase insulin secretion (AUC0–8 min: 220 [302] vs 124 [275] pM, p = 0.35). In South Asian subjects there was a tendency towards positive correlations between endogenous glucose production and resting and clamp energy expenditure. Conclusions Subjects of South Asian ethnicity with type 2 diabetes, despite being younger and leaner, had higher basal endogenous glucose production, indicating higher hepatic insulin resistance, and a trend towards higher use of carbohydrates as fasting energy substrate compared to Nordic subjects. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the observed differences in prevalence of type 2 diabetes between the ethnic groups.
Exact Solution for the Conformable Burgers’ Equation by the Hopf-Cole Transform

In this paper, we use Hopf-Cole transform to solve conformable Burgers’ equation. After applying Hopf-Cole transform to conformable Burgers’ equation, we achieve conformable heat equation. Subsequently by using Fourier transform we have the exact solution of conformable Burgers’ equation with fractional order
Information Theory and the Optimal Detection Search

This paper establishes a connection between information theory and search theory. In the case of an exponential detection function we show that the search that maximizes the probability of detection also minimizes the information content of the posterior distribution. We also show that if the search plan that maximizes the probability of detection also minimizes the information content of the posterior distribution, then the detection function is exponential. We prove our results in both the continuous and discrete cases.
The impact of sirolimus on hepatocyte proliferation after living donor liver transplantation

Toso C, Patel S, Asthana S, Kawahara T, Girgis S, Kneteman NN, Shapiro AMJ, Bigam DL. The impact of sirolimus on hepatocyte proliferation after living donor liver transplantation. Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009. 01159.x © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Abnormal Events Handling for Dependable Embedded Systems

In this paper, we analyze the difficulties of handling abnormal events. We introduce a framework that integrate the concepts of design by contract, exception safety and fault tolerance and from then, obtain a set of criterions for the design of a mechanism that integrate error code, exception and executable assertions for the handling of different types of abnormal events. From these criterions, a proposal for a novel exception mechanism adequate for C written embedded systems is presented. Finally, we analyze the advantages of our mechanism over the existing mechanisms and over other languages or previous extension to C
Serum procalcitonin concentrations in bacterial pneumonia in children: A negative result in primary healthcare settings

A microbe‐specific diagnosis in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is difficult in children, and studies on nonspecific chest radiographic and host response markers have been inconsistent. Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is a newly recognized, promising marker for differentiating between bacterial and viral infections. Serum PCT was measured by a luminometric assay in 190 children with CAP diagnosed in the primary healthcare setting during a population‐based study in a geographically defined population. The pneumococcal, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and viral etiology of infections was studied by an extensive serologic test panel.
ObliVM: A Programming Framework for Secure Computation

We design and develop ObliVM, a programming framework for secure computation. ObliVM offers a domain specific language designed for compilation of programs into efficient oblivious representations suitable for secure computation. ObliVM offers a powerful, expressive programming language and user-friendly oblivious programming abstractions. We develop various showcase applications such as data mining, streaming algorithms, graph algorithms, genomic data analysis, and data structures, and demonstrate the scalability of ObliVM to bigger data sizes. We also show how ObliVM significantly reduces development effort while retaining competitive performance for a wide range of applications in comparison with hand-crafted solutions. We are in the process of open-sourcing ObliVM and our rich libraries to the community (www.oblivm.com), offering a reusable framework to implement and distribute new cryptographic algorithms.
Response of normal human keratinocytes to sulfur mustard (HD): cytokine release using a non-enzymatic detachment procedure

Cytokines play a major role in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes, including those produced by sulfur mustard (HD). This study describes responses of normal human epidermal keratinocyte (NHEK) cells to 2,2′-dichlorodiethyl sulfide, sulfur mustard (HD), defined by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inter-leukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release. A new method for detaching cell to cell adhesion between keratinocytes has been applied. This method permits the characterization of endogenous fluid from cellular content that could be applied for the development of therapeutic intervention. NHEK (typical average cell density 4.4×106 cells/mL) were exposed to HD (100 and 300 μM) in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM) for 24 h at 37°C in humidified air. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to measure the cytokine release in NHEK during exposure to 100 and 300 μM of HD. Exposure to 100 μM HD increased release of cytokines. IL-1β (exposed: 1.41×10-5 pg/ cell±1.60×10-6 pg/cell: control 7.10×10-6 pg/ cell±1.20× 10-6 pg/cell), TNF-α (exposed: 1.06× 10-5 pg/cell±7.3× 10-7 pg/cell; control: 4.04×10-6±2.80×10-7 pg/cell) and IL-8 (exposed: 3.71×10-5 pg/ cell±3.26×10-6 pg/cell; control: 2.99×10-6 pg/cell±8.80×10-7 pg/cell) were significantly enhanced when NHEK cells were detached from culture flasks by non-enzymatic procedures. Cell suspensions of NHEK released low amounts of IL-6 when exposed to 100 μM for 24 h (exposed: 1.47×10-6±1.60×10-7 pg/cell; control: 1.28×10-6± 8.40×10-8 pg/cell). However, cell suspensions of NHEK increased levels of IL-6 after exposure to 300 μM HD (4.67×10-5 pg/cell±3.90×10-6 pg/cell; control: 3.99× 10-6 pg/cell±5.50×10-7 pg/cell). The amount of IL-8 and TNF-α present in cell suspensions increased up to 59-fold and fourfold, respectively, above control levels when NHEK cells were exposed to 300 μM HD. Exposure of NHEK to 300 μM HD had a highly variable effect on the release of IL-1β, where sometimes the secretion of IL-1β increased above baseline level and other times decreased in cell suspensions. Supernatants were collected from cell culture flasks 24 h after exposure of 100 and 300 μM and significantly increased levels of IL-6 were observed. IL-6 was released in a concentration-dependent manner, 3.6- fold up to 8.4-fold, respectively, in supernatant. These proinflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-6 may play an important role in HD injury. The present findings suggest that cytokine changes detected could be used as potential biomarkers of cutaneous vesicant injury.
Cultures and Organizations - Software of the Mind: Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival (3. ed.)

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A computational model of electrically coupled , intrinsically distinct pacemaker neurons

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Patterns of Relationships Between Teacher Engagement and Student Engagement

Engaging adolescents in school is a challenge. Academic motivation decreases steadily as students move from elementary, to middle, to high school. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between teacher engagement and student engagement to determine whether the level of teacher engagement had an impact on the level of student engagement. Perspectives from both the teachers and students were examined to determine if agreement existed between teachers and students regarding the reported levels of teacher engagement and student engagement. This study found evidence that high levels of teacher engagement had a positive effect on student engagement levels. An analysis of student perception variables revealed weak to moderate relationships between most variables. Strong relationships existed between Belief about Self and autonomy and Belief about Self and relatedness. Data revealed that a disconnect existed between teacher and student perspectives regarding teacher and student engagement. It is recommended that teachers, students, and administrators have a common understanding of the definition of engagement and knowledge of what engagement looks, sounds, and feels like in the classroom. The use of engagement measurement/reflection tools should be used to assess engagement levels of teachers and students and to provide data which can influence decisions regarding teacher and student engagement. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Jerry Willis Second Supervisor Hasna Muhammad Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc. edu/education_etd/49 Patterns of Relationships Between Teacher Engagement and Student Engagement
A Semantic Logic-Based Approach to Determine Textual Similarity

This paper presents a semantic logic-based approach to determine textual similarity. Three logic form transformations taking into account semantic structure of sentences are proposed. Logic proofs are obtained using an adapted resolution step that drops predicates when a proof cannot be found with standard resolution. Features are extracted from proofs and combined using supervised machine learning to obtain the final similarity scores. Experimental results show that taking into account semantic relations to determine textual similarity yields performance improvements with respect to both baselines and third-party state-of-the-art systems. Specific sentence pairs that benefit from considering semantic relations are discussed. Detailed results provide empirical evidence that either proof direction offers a strong baseline although considering both is beneficial, and that ignoring concepts that are not an argument of a semantic relation is not sound.
Global Continuation for Distance Geometry Problems Global Continuation for Distance Geometry Problems

Distance geometry problems arise in the interpretation of NMR data and in the determination of protein structure. We formulate the distance geometry problem as a global minimization problem with special structure, and show that global smoothing techniques and a continuation approach for global optimization can be used to determine solutions of distance geometry problems with a nearly 100% probability of success. GLOBAL CONTINUATION FOR DISTANCE GEOMETRY PROBLEMS Jorge J. Mor e and Zhijun Wu
Differential Privacy on Finite Computers

We consider the problem of designing and analyzing differentially private algorithms that can be implemented on discrete models of computation in strict polynomial time, motivated by known attacks on floating point implementations of real-arithmetic differentially private algorithms (Mironov, CCS 2012) and the potential for timing attacks on expected polynomial-time algorithms. As a case study, we examine the basic problem of approximating the histogram of a categorical dataset over a possibly large data universe X. The classic Laplace Mechanism (Dwork, McSherry, Nissim, Smith, TCC 2006 and J. Privacy \& Confidentiality 2017) does not satisfy our requirements, as it is based on real arithmetic, and natural discrete analogues, such as the Geometric Mechanism (Ghosh, Roughgarden, Sundarajan, STOC 2009 and SICOMP 2012), take time at least linear in |X|, which can be exponential in the bit length of the input. In this paper, we provide strict polynomial-time discrete algorithms for approximate histograms whose simultaneous accuracy (the maximum error over all bins) matches that of the Laplace Mechanism up to constant factors, while retaining the same (pure) differential privacy guarantee. One of our algorithms produces a sparse histogram as output. Its ``"per-bin accuracy" (the error on individual bins) is worse than that of the Laplace Mechanism by a factor of log|X|, but we prove a lower bound showing that this is necessary for any algorithm that produces a sparse histogram. A second algorithm avoids this lower bound, and matches the per-bin accuracy of the Laplace Mechanism, by producing a compact and efficiently computable representation of a dense histogram; it is based on an (n+1)-wise independent implementation of an appropriately clamped version of the Discrete Geometric Mechanism.
Realistic ionizing fluxes for young stellar populations from 0.05 to 2 Z

We present a new grid of ionizing fluxes for O and Wolf‐Rayet (W‐R) stars for use with evolutionary synthesis codes and single-star H II region analyses. A total of 230 expanding, non-LTE, line-blanketed model atmospheres have been calculated for five metallicities (0.05, 0.2, 0.4, 1 and 2 Z� ) using the WM-BASIC code of Pauldrach, Hoffmann & Lennon for O stars and the CMFGEN code of Hillier & Miller for W‐R stars. The stellar wind parameters are scaled with metallicity for both O and W‐R stars. We compare the ionizing fluxes of the new models with the CoStar models of Schaerer & de Koter and the pure helium W‐R models of Schmutz, Leitherer & Gruenwald. We find significant differences, particularly above 54 eV, where the emergent flux is determined by the wind density as a function of metallicity. The new models have lower ionizing fluxes in the He I continuum with important implications for nebular line ratios. We incorporate the new models into the evolutionary synthesis code STARBURST99 and compare the ionizing outputs for an instantaneous burst and continuous star formation with the work of Schaerer & Vacca (SV98), and Leitherer et al. The changes in the output ionizing fluxes as a function of age are dramatic. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, nebular He II λ4686 will be at, or just below, the detection limit in low metallicity starbursts during
Human Object Detection based on Context Awareness in the Surroundings

Surveillance system has been applied in providing public security for many complex places like railway stations, bus stops, etc. In most cases, human object detection is an important task in surveillance system. In the case that human objects are occlusion or outdoor environment, human objects detection is a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a method to implement for human object detection based on context awareness in new wavelet generation domain in outdoor environment. We use curvelet transform based on context awareness combined with support vector machines as a classifier for human detection. The proposed method was tested on a standard dataset like PEST2001 dataset. For demonstrating the superiority of the proposed method, we have compared the results with the other recent methods available in literature.
Self-Organized Formation of Colour Maps in a Model Cortex

A report is presented of computer simulations which demonstrate the applicability of self-organization principles to the formation of a cortical colour map. A two-dimensional array of cortical units can be shown to become selectively sensitive to different colour stimuli in an orderly fashion. The precortical part of the simulation model contains three wavelength-sensitive receptors with overlapping sensitivity distributions, and a simple opponent processing stage. Each cortical unit receives the same activity from the precortical stage by adaptive connections. Initially the connections are arbitrary; during self-organization they are changed so that different cortical units become selective for different wavelength and purity of a stimulus in an orderly way. Self-organization of the connections can be shown to take place even when the stimulation of the receptors is totally random, ie the wavelength and purity (and in some simulations the distribution) of each stimulus are selected randomly.
A finite step projective algorithm for solving linear matrix inequalities

This paper presents an algorithm for finding feasible solutions of linear matrix inequalities. The algorithm is based on the method of alternating projections (MAP), a classical method for solving convex feasibility problems. Unlike MAP, which is an iterative method that converges asymptotically to a feasible point, the algorithm converges after a finite number of steps. The key computational component of the algorithm is an eigenvalue-eigenvector decomposition which is carried out at each iteration. Computational results for the algorithm are presented and comparisons are made with existing algorithms.
MicroRNA profiling in the mouse hypothalamus reveals oxytocin‐regulating microRNA

Oxytocin (Oxt), produced in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei for transport to and release from the posterior pituitary, was originally discovered through its role in lactation and parturition. Oxt also plays important roles in the central nervous system by influencing various behaviors. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous regulators of many genes, are a class of small non‐coding RNAs that mediate post‐transcriptional gene silencing. We performed miRNA expression profiling of the mouse hypothalamus by deep sequencing. Among the sequenced and cross‐mapped small RNAs, expression of known miRNAs and unknown miRNAs candidates were analyzed. We investigated in detail one miRNA, miR‐24, and found that it is a novel regulator of Oxt and controls both transcript and peptide levels of Oxt. These results provide insights into potential neurohypophysial hormone regulation mediated by miRNAs.
AEZ v1.1: Authenticated-Encryption by Enciphering

AEZ encrypts by appending to the plaintext a fixed authentication block and then enciphering the resulting string with an arbitrary-input-length blockcipher, this tweaked by the nonce and AD. The approach results in strong security and usability properties, including nonce-reuse misuse resistance, automatic exploitation of decryption-verified redundancy, and arbitrary, userselectable ciphertext expansion. AEZ is parallelizable and its computational cost is close to that of AES-CTR. On a recent Intel processor (Haswell), our C implementation achieves a peak speed of about 0.7 cpb.