Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Interdependence between People and Organization

Management studies have always been occupied with the question regarding the interdependence between people and organization. Interdependence was the basis for the development of social systems in early management approaches, such as the Stimulus Contribution Theory by Chester Barnard (1938). Emphasis was however simultaneously placed on the organization’s independence from the individual, by for instance Max Weber (1922), whose view of the organization, which he calls bureaucracy, refers to rules and structure with which the organization detaches itself from dependence on specific persons. Incidentally, this situation can be stated without creating a fundamental contradiction between these approaches. Instead, they adopt varying perspectives: the Stimulus Contribution Theory by Barnard places the emphasis on the organization’s exchange with actor groups; this point of view concerns every bureaucracy. Weber’s perspective states that the organizational processes of these bureaucracies can and must occur actor-independent in the personified sense. The divergence of the approaches results from the level of consideration, which can be based on the rule system of the organization or the contractual exchange between people and organization. If one currently highlights the interdependence between employees and the organization, the focus will lie on the exchange between the organization and the working force facing developments in the employment relationship and coping with the challenges of a new employment relationship (Cooper/Burke 2002; Sparrow/Cooper 2003; Rousseau 2006; Cappelli 2008; Coyle-Shapiro et al. 2008). An increasing flexibility of the labor market (Muffels 2008) favors the development of new employment contract models and relationships beyond normal employment relationships. New models of employment relationship include aspects of the formal contractual conditions as well as mental orientations. A new type of work force is thus discussed, characterized as “contingent workers” (Gallagher 2002), “entreployees – the selfentrepreneurial work force” (Pongratz/Voß 2003) or “Freelancers” (Süß 2006). These employees also call themselves "Independent Professionals" in their profession related networks. The scientific debate reflects the consequences these developments may have for organizations and employees and how risk factors could be cushioned. Increasing emphasis is given to the phenomena of weak ties and loosely coupled relationships between organizations and individuals not only in formal but also in cogni-
Exploring a nuanced understanding of safety in the classroom

EXPLORING A NUANCED UNDERSTANDING OF "SAFETY" IN THE CLASSROOM by Leslie L. Luck "Safety" in the classroom is not a concrete topic discussed in the field of communication. In the field of communication, there is a limited understanding of the idea of a "safe" classroom. The purpose of this thesis was to explore a nuanced understanding of safety through focus group interviews. The participants consisted of undergraduate students and Graduate Teaching Associates. From the focus group interviews, three themes emerged: safety as individualized, safety as the sole responsibility of the teacher, and safety involves discomfort as well as comfort. Having analyzed the data, recommendations for students, teachers, and researchers emerged. This project found a nuanced understaning of "safety. " "Safety in the classroom must be co-created by teachers and students.
Simultaneous On-Chip Bus Synthesis and Voltage Scaling Under Random On-Chip Data Traffic

This paper presents a statistical approach to synthesize an energy conscious the optimal bus width and the number of buses. The slack is exploited to maximize bus sharing and to reduce energy consumption by simultaneously scaling the voltage during the synthesis of on-chip communication bus. An assumption for bus synthesis is that a system has been partitioned and mapped onto the appropriate modules of a system-on-chip (SoC). Because of the diversity of applications to be run on a single SoC, there exists a variability of data size to be transferred among the on-chip communicating modules. This variability of data size is modeled as a random variable with a known distribution function. The resulting synthesis problem is relaxed to a convex quadratic optimization problem and solved efficiently using a convex optimization tool. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by applying optimization to an automatically generated benchmark and a real-life application. By scaling voltage of a bus, a tradeoff between communication bus cost (bus width and the number of buses) and energy reduction is explored. The experimental results show the significant reduction in communication energy with scaling voltage. However, it offers a limitation to minimize the communication bus cost, if the voltage is scaled beyond its minimum limit. Furthermore, we also estimate the distribution of voltage under a random data size using an analytical method and the Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the analytically estimated statistical parameters of voltage are close to the simulated results.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Examining the Effect of Customer-to-Customer Interactions on Satisfaction, Loyalty, and Word-of-Mouth Behaviors in the Hospitality Industry: The Mediating Role of Personal Interaction Quality and Service Atmospherics

ABSTRACTFew empirical studies have been conducted to explore how customer-to-customer interactions (CCI) affect satisfaction, loyalty, and word-of-mouth (WOM) behaviors in the hospitality industry. The purpose of this paper is to address this knowledge gap. Then, the paper examines the mediating role of personal interaction quality (PIQ) and service atmospherics on CCI, satisfaction, and loyalty behaviors. The study proposes a structural model of the relationships among CCI, satisfaction, loyalty, WOM, PIQ, and service atmospherics in the context of the hospitality industry. The hypothesized relationships are then tested in an empirical study with a sample of 200 guests of Laleh Hotels in the area of Tehran.The subjects were asked to complete a self-administrated questionnaire using a convenience-sampling approach. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, one sample t-test, and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze guests’ perceptions of the research constructs. The resul.
Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses.

Preparation of Antigens 561; Preparation of Sera 567; Preparation of Erythrocytes 568; Chemical Reagents 569; Technique of HA and HI Tests 570; HA Titrations 571; HI Tests 572; References 573 During the past few years, the methods for conducting hemagglutination (HA) and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests with arthropod-borne (arbor) viruses have undergone a number of modifications, directed toward simplification and improvement as well as extension of the tests to include a larger number of arbor viruses. Accordingly, it seems desirable at this time to bring together, in one publication rather than in a series of papers, a description of the procedures currently in use in The Rockefeller Foundation Virus Laboratories. Some of the procedures were initially developed elsewhere; of those developed in this laboratory, most aspects have not been previously reported. It was stated by Hallauer (1946) that he had obtained a hemagglutinating antigen from viscerotropic but not from neurotropic strains of yellow fever.
Onset and Offset Estimation of the Neural Inspiratory Time in Surface Diaphragm Electromyography: A Pilot Study in Healthy Subjects

This study evaluates the onset and offset of neural inspiratory time estimated from surface diaphragm electromyographic (EMGdi) recordings. EMGdi and airflow signals were recorded in ten healthy subjects according to two respiratory protocols based on respiratory rate (RR) increments, from 15 to 40 breaths per minute (bpm), and fractional inspiratory time (<italic>T<sub>i</sub>/T</italic><sub>tot</sub>) decrements, from 0.54 to 0.18. The analysis of EMGdi signal amplitude is an alternative approach for the quantification of neural respiratory drive. The EMGdi amplitude was estimated using the fixed sample entropy computed over a 250 ms moving window of the EMGdi signal (EMGdi<sub>fse</sub>). The neural onset was detected through a dynamic threshold over the EMGdi<sub>fse</sub> using the kernel density estimation method, while neural offset was detected by finding when the EMGdi<sub>fse</sub> had decreased to 70% of the peak value reached during inspiration. The Bland–Altman analysis between airflow and neural onsets showed a global bias of 46 ms in the RR protocol and 22 ms in the <italic>T<sub>i </sub>/T</italic><sub>tot</sub> protocol. The Bland–Altman analysis between airflow and neural offsets reveals a global bias of 11 ms in the RR protocol and −2 ms in the <italic>T<sub>i</sub></italic>/<italic>T </italic><sub>tot</sub> protocol. The relationship between pairs of RR values (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.99, Bland-=Altman limits of −2.39 to 2.41 bpm, and mean bias of 0.01 bpm) and between pairs of <italic>T<sub>i</sub></italic>/<italic>T</italic><sub>tot</sub> values (Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.86, Bland–Altman limits of −0.11 to 0.10, and mean bias of −0.01) showed a good agreement. In conclusion, we propose a method for determining neural onset and neural offset based on noninvasive recordings of the electrical activity of the diaphragm that requires no filtering of cardiac muscle interference.
Redox proteomic analysis of mytilus edulis gills: effects of the pharmaceutical diclofenac on a non-target organism.

Veterinary and human pharmaceuticals are an emerging category of chemical pollutants with potential to cause serious toxicity to non-target organisms. Filter-feeding aquatic organisms such as mussels are especially threatened. In this study, the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was exposed to two doses (0.2 mg/L and 1 mg/L) of the anti-inflammatory diclofenac. Effects on the gill, the principal feeding organ of mussels, were investigated. It was noted that, while no effect was evident on gill glutathione transferase or catalase activities, there was a tissue-specific increase in glutathione reductase activity and reduction in total protein thiol groups. Two dimensional electrophoresis was performed and some affected proteins identified by in-gel tryptic digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting. Of these, four unique proteins (caspase 3/7-4, heat-shock cognate protein 70, a predicted enolase-like protein, arginine kinase) were found to be oxidized whilst eight unique proteins (β-tubulin, actin, isocitrate dehydrogenase, arginine kinase, heavy metal-binding HIP, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, proteasome subunit alpha type 2, Mg: bb02e05 (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and superoxide dismutase) were found to have altered abundance. In addition, bioinformatic analysis suggested putative identities for six hypothetical proteins which either were oxidized or decreased in abundance. These were; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor, α-enolase, calreticulin, mitochondrial H + -ATPase, palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1 and initiation factor 5a. It is concluded that diclofenac causes significant oxidative stress to gills and that this affects key structural, metabolic and stress-response proteins.
Predictive torque control of a multi-drive system based on a two-stage six-leg matrix converter with unity input power factor

This paper proposes a predictive torque and flux control for a multi-motor drive system. The scheme is based on a six-leg indirect matrix converter used to drive two induction machines operating at the same speed even under different load torque conditions. By using the mathematical model of the converter (input filter and switches) and machines, the proposed control scheme selects the switching state that minimizes the error in the torque, flux and reactive power predictions, according to their reference values. Through simulation results it is shown that the predictive approach can be simply implemented with a good tracking of the controlled variables to their respective references. The results verify the fast dynamic response of the torque in both machines and demonstrate effective compensation of reactive power in transient and steady state.
A comparative study on snow cover monitoring of different spatial resolution remote sensing images

A comparative research of snow cover is conducted, which is aimed to investigate the effect of spatial scale variation and the differences of different spatial resolution remote sensing images, by using moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the satellite-B (HJ-1B) data of the small satellite constellation for environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting of China. Results show that: (1) the scaling-change within certain limits has little impact on snow cover mapping; (2) high spatial resolution image gives a better description of the detailed information of snow cover area; (3) the differences of snow cover between low spatial resolution and high resolution images are due to the different snow cover type.
The Data Revolution

There are numerous definitions of the data revolution. The report by the UN Secretary General’s Independent Expert Advisory Group (IEAG) speaks of an “explosion” in the volume and production of data matched by a “growing demand for data from all parts of society” (IEAG, 2014). PARIS21 takes a complementary approach and refers to “delivering the right data to the right people in the right format at the right time” (PARIS21, 2015). This definition puts the emphasis on the fact that the data revolution should increase the use and impact of data on outcomes.
Characterisation of isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from acute, chronic and subclinical mastitis in cows in Norway

Eighty‐six Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cases of bovine mastitis were characterised biochemically and with respect to serotype, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis genotypes, antibiotic sensitivity, and production of enterotoxins A through D (SEA‐D) and toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1). The samples were obtained from 81 different cows from 79 Norwegian dairy herds in 10 different counties in southern Norway. There was an equal representation of isolates from cases of acute, chronic and subclinical mastitis. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis using 13 genetic loci showed that 69 of 86 isolates had the same electrophoretic type. This common electrophoretic type comprised isolates that differed in the expression of other phenotypical characteristics studied. Fifty‐eight percent of the isolates produced one or more enterotoxins, predominantly a combination of SEC and TSST‐1. Capsular serotyping revealed that 95% of the isolates belonged to serotype 8. No correlation was found between the factors studied and the clinical classification of mastitis. It appears that the majority of S. aureus isolates recovered from cases of bovine mastitis in Norway are genetically closely related and express common phenotypical characteristics.
Quinazolinone and quinazoline derivatives: recent structures with potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities

The heterocyclic compounds have a great importance in medicinal chemistry. One of the most important heterocycles in medicinal chemistry are quinazolines possessing wide spectrum of biological properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV, anticancer and analgesic activities. This skeleton is an important pharmacophore considered as a privileged structure. This review highlights the recent advances in the synthesis of quinazolines and quinazolinone derivatives with potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities.
Cytoskeletal protein vimentin interacts with and regulates peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma via a proteasomal degradation process

Peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) receptor is a transcription factor that is located in and functions primarily in the nucleus. PPARγ is exported from the nucleus upon mitogen and ligand stimulation under certain circumstances. However, a cytoplasmic PPARγ interacting protein and its function have not been previously identified. Here, we report for the first time that cytosolic PPARγ interacts directly with cytoskeletal vimentin. We performed PPARγ immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry to identify the vimentin‐PPARγ complex. This interaction was confirmed by reciprocal vimentin and PPARγ immunoprecipitation and co‐immunofluorescence examination. We demonstrated that PPARγ colocalized with vimentin in certain organelles that is golgi, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum. In cells depleted of vimentin, PPARγ was ubiquitinated and targeted to a proteasomal degradation pathway. Together, these findings indicate a direct interaction of PPARγ with vimentin in the cytosolic compartment, in which vimentin appears to play a role in regulating the turnover rate of PPARγ, which may further regulate genomic or non‐genomic activities through the regulation of PPARγ protein degradation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1559–1567, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Training simulators for support of inductive method in teaching

This article is devoted to training simulators aimed to support inductive methods in teaching applied mathematical disciplines in the higher education system. Such training simulators not only implement traditional functions by presenting ready knowledge and ensuring opportunities for obtaining skills in problems solving, but they also enable students to organize their own experimental research, to process and analyze the obtained results in order to generate a new generalized knowledge. The article summarizes some requirements to simulators, and describes one of the variants of the basic structure of the simulator and its functions. The article also gives examples of simulators applicable to the following disciplines: Optimization Methods, and Simulation Modeling, elaborated in the framework of the concept of inductive teaching.
Business Model: What it is and What it is Not

The term “business model” has been misinterpreted and misused over the years, resulting in it being inadequately understood and applied by both practitioners and scholars. It is frequently confused with other popular terms in the management literature such as strategy, business concept, revenue model, economic model or even business process modeling. Our findings suggest that while business model describes what an organization currently is, it needs to be complemented with a strategy and capabilities in order to face upcoming changes. Besides clarifying the meaning and use of the business model terminology, we theorize about its roots through a combination of the resource-based view and transaction cost economics. Finally, we identify new avenues for further research such as the investigation of path dependency in a business model and the meaning of business model innovation. “The definition of a business model is murky at best. Most often, it seems to refer to a loose conception of how a company does business and generates revenue. The business model approach to management becomes an invitation for faulty thinking and self-delusion” (Porter, 2001, p. 73). “While the term ‘business model’ has gained widespread use in the practice community, the academic literature on this topic is fragmented and confounded by inconsistent definitions and construct boundaries” (George & Bock, 2011, p. 83).
On the impact of education on human capital depreciation, wage growth, and Tenure

In labor economics, education is usually measured as the number of years spent at school. This purely quantitative approach does not take into account the qualitative aspects of the educational systems. This thesis contributes to the literature by separating workers on the basis of their education type, taking advantage of the Swiss educational system. The results show that education types is more determinant than education length regarding the different labor market aspects analyzed. General education is found to have several advantages over specific education: (1) it better protects against human capital depreciation; (2) it permits a steeper wage growth over the career; and (3) it allows more job mobility.
Specificity and Regulation of Casein Kinase-Mediated Phosphorylation of &agr;-Synuclein

&agr;-Synuclein (&agr;-syn) is the major component of pathologic inclusions that characterize neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy body disease, and multiple system atrophy. The present study uses novel phospho-specific antibodies to assess the presence and regulation of phosphorylated Ser87 and Ser129 in &agr;-syn in human brain samples and in a transgenic mouse model of &agr;-synucleinopathies. By immunohistochemistry, &agr;-syn phosphorylated at Ser129, but not at Ser87, was abundant in &agr;-syn inclusions. Under normal conditions, Ser129 phosphorylation, but not Ser87 phosphorylation, was detected at low levels in the soluble biochemical fractions in human &agr;-syn transgenic mice and stably transfected cultured cells. Therefore, a role for Ser87 phosphorylation in &agr;-synucleinopathies is unlikely, and in vitro assays showed that phosphorylation at this site would inhibit polymerization. In vitro studies also indicated that hyperphosphorylation of Ser129 &agr;-syn in pathologic inclusions may be due in part to the intrinsic properties of aggregated &agr;-syn to act as substrates for kinases but not phosphatases. Further studies in transgenic mice and cultured cells suggest that cellular toxicity, including proteasomal dysfunction, increases casein kinase 2 activity, which results in elevated Ser129 &agr;-syn phosphorylation. These data provide novel explanations for the presence of hyperphosphorylated Ser129 &agr;-syn in pathologic inclusions.
Sequential Administration of GDNF into the Substantia Nigra and Striatum Promotes Dopamine Neuron Survival and Axonal Sprouting but Not Striatal Reinnervation or Functional Recovery in the Partial 6-OHDA Lesion Model

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has prominent survival-promoting effects on lesioned nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, but understanding of the conditions under which functional recovery can be obtained remains to be acquired. We report here the time course of nigrostriatal axon degeneration in the partial lesion model of Parkinson's disease and the morphological and functional effects of sequential administration of GDNF in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum during the first 5 weeks postlesion. By 1 day postlesion, the nigrostriatal axons had retracted back to the level of the caudal globus pallidus. Over the next 6 days axonal retraction progressed down to the SN, and during the following 7 weeks 74% of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH(+)) and 84% of retrogradely labeled nigral neurons were lost, with a more pronounced loss in the rostral part of the SN. GDNF administration protected 70 and 72% of the nigral TH(+) and retrogradely labeled cell bodies, respectively, but did not prevent the die-back of the lesioned nigrostriatal axons. Although clear signs of sprouting were observed close to the injection site in the striatum as well as in the globus pallidus, the overall DA innervation of the striatum [as measured by [(3)H]-N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiopenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine-binding autoradiography] was not improved by the GDNF treatment. Moreover, the lesion-induced deficits in forelimb akinesia and drug-induced rotation were not attenuated. We conclude that functional recovery in the partial lesion model depends not only on preservation of the nigral cell bodies, but more critically on the ability of GDNF to promote significant reinnervation of the denervated striatum.