Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization and molecular properties of a high molecular weight microtubule-bundling protein (syncolin) from chicken erythrocytes

A protein of apparent molecular weight 280,000 (syncolin), which is immunoreactive with antibodies to hog brain microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2, was purified from chicken erythrocytes. Immunofluorescence microscopy of bone marrow cells revealed the presence of syncolin in cells at all stages of erythrocyte differentiation. In early erythroblasts syncolin was diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm. At later stages it was found along microtubules of the marginal band, as confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The association of syncolin with the marginal band was dependent on the integrity of microtubules, as demonstrated by temperature-dependent de- and repolymerization or marginal band microtubules. Syncolin cosedimented in a saturable manner with microtubules assembled in vitro, and it was displaced from the polymer by salt. Brain as well as erythrocyte microtubules, reconstituted with taxol from MAP-free tubulin and purified syncolin, were aggregated into dense bundles containing up to 15 microtubules, as determined by electron microscopy. On the ultrastructural level, syncolin molecules were visualized as globular or ringlike structures, in contrast to the thin, threadlike appearance of filamentous MAPs, such as brain MAP 2. According to ultrastructural measurements and gel permeation chromatography, syncolin's molecular weight was approximately 1 x 10(6). It is suggested that syncolin's specific function is the cross- linking of microtubules in the marginal band and, by implication, the stabilization of this structure typical for nucleated (chicken) erythrocytes.
On-skin technologies for muscle sensing and actuation

Electromyography (EMG) and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) are promising technologies for muscle sensing and actuation in wearable interfaces. The required electrodes can be manufactured to form a thin layer on the skin. We discuss requirements and approaches for EMG and EMS as on-skin technologies. In particular, we focus on fine-grained muscle sensing and actuation with an electrode grid on the lower arm. We discuss a prototype, scenarios, and open issues.
SecondSite: disaster tolerance as a service

This paper describes the design and implementation of SecondSite, a cloud-based service for disaster tolerance. SecondSite extends the Remus virtualization-based high availability system by allowing groups of virtual machines to be replicated across data centers over wide-area Internet links. The goal of the system is to commodify the property of availability, exposing it as a simple tick box when configuring a new virtual machine. To achieve this in the wide area, we have had to tackle the related issues of replication traffic bandwidth, reliable failure detection across geographic regions and traffic redirection over a wide-area network without compromising on transparency and consistency.
Equalized orthogonal map-based DNA microarray data analysis for cancer diagnosis

A new approach to cancer diagnosis involves the analysis of gene expression data. However, to make sense of multidimensional DNA microarray data is a challenging task. Beyond 3 dimensions, it is very difficult for humans to make intuitive interpretation of how each data point is distributed, how they are interrelated, and how they should be categorized. Equalized orthogonal map (EOM), an approach to dimension reduction was able to produce topologically correct mappings for visualization and classification of cancer types. Performance comparison with a self-organizing map (SOM) is also discussed. Experimental results show that EOM performs well with DNA microarray data classification.
Regression forecasting of patient admission data

Forecasting is an important aid in many areas of hospital management, including elective surgery scheduling, bed management, and staff resourcing. This paper describes our work in analyzing patient admission data and forecasting this data using regression techniques. Five years of Emergency Department admissions data were obtained from two hospitals with different demographic techniques. Forecasts made from regression models were compared with observed admission data over a 6-month horizon. The best method was linear regression using 11 dummy variables to model monthly variation (MAPE=1.79%). Similar performance was achieved with a 2-year average, supporting further investigation at finer time scales.
Performance of a H.264/AVC Error Detection Algorithm Based on Syntax Analysis

In this work we investigate the possibility of detecting errors in H.264/AVC encoded video streams. We propose a method for the detection of errors exploiting the set of entropy coded words as well as range and significance of the H.264/AVC information elements. We evaluate the performance of such syntax analysis based error detection technique for different bit error probabilities and compare it to the typical packet discard approach. Particular focus is given on low rate video sequences.
Descriptive Data Analysis of File Transfer Data

There are millions of files and multi-terabytes of data transferred to and from the University of Tennessee's National Institute for Computational Sciences each month. New capabilities available with GridFTP version 5.2. 2 include additional transfer log information previously unavailable in prior versions implemented within XSEDE. The transfer log data now available includes identification of source and destination endpoints which unlocks a wealth of information that can be used to detail GridFTP activities across the Internet. This information can be used for a wide variety of reports of interest to individual XSEDE Service Providers and to XSEDE Operations. In this paper, we discuss the new capabilities available for transfer logs in GridFTP 5.2. 2, our initial attempt to organize, analyze, and report on this file transfer data for NICS, and its applicability to XSEDE Service Providers. Analysis of this new information can provide insight into effective and efficient utilization of GridFTP resources including identification of potential areas of GridFTP file transfer improvement (e.g., network and server tuning) and potential predictive analysis to improve efficiency.
MHC-IIB Filament Assembly and Cellular Localization Are Governed by the Rod Net Charge

Background Actin-dependent myosin II molecular motors form an integral part of the cell cytoskeleton. Myosin II molecules contain a long coiled-coil rod that mediates filament assembly required for myosin II to exert its full activity. The exact mechanisms orchestrating filament assembly are not fully understood. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we examine mechanisms controlling filament assembly of non-muscle myosin IIB heavy chain (MHC-IIB). We show that in vitro the entire C-terminus region of net positive charge, found in myosin II rods, is important for self-assembly of MHC-IIB fragments. In contrast, no particular sequences in the rod region with net negative charge were identified as important for self-assembly, yet a minimal area from this region is necessary. Proper paracrystal formation by MHC-IIB fragments requires the 196aa charge periodicity along the entire coiled-coil region. In vivo, in contrast to self-assembly in vitro, negatively-charged regions of the coiled-coil were found to play an important role by controlling the intracellular localization of native MHC-IIB. The entire positively-charged region is also important for intracellular localization of native MHC-IIB. Conclusions/Significance A correct distribution of positive and negative charges along myosin II rod is a necessary component in proper filament assembly and intracellular localization of MHC-IIB.
Round-by-round fault detectors (extended abstract): unifying synchrony and asynchrony

This paper presents a new family of models of distributed-computation which combines features from synchronous, asynchronous, and failure-detectoraugmented systems. Like synchronous systems, computation in this family of models evolves in rounds, and communication missed at a round is lost. Unlike synchronous systems, information that is missed at a round does not necessarily imply a real process failure. The features of a specific model is captured in an abstract module called the round-by-round fault detector. The abstraction of system features into such a module facilitates the comparison of different systems, by contrasting their associated fault detectors. We show that this family of models unifies the study of synchrony, asynchrony, message-passing and shared memory. We further show that this approach leads to the development of shorter and simpler proofs of important results such as a lower bound on the number of rounds to achieve k-set agreement in a synchronous system. We believe that studying distributed systems through the proposed unifying framework will lead to new results and insights. *Work supported by UCLA Academic Senate Grant. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial ahntage end thet copies bear this notice and the full citation on the f& page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists. requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. PODC! 98 Puerto Valkuta Mexico Copyright ACM 1998 O-89791-977-7/98/ 6. $5.00
Function of the pentose phosphate pathway and its key enzyme, transketolase, in the regulation of the meiotic cell cycle in oocytes

Objective Previously, we identified that transketolase (Tkt), an important enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, is highly expressed at 2 hours of spontaneous maturation in oocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the function of Tkt in meiotic cell cycle regulation, especially at the point of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). Methods We evaluated the loss-of-function of Tkt by microinjecting Tkt double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) into germinal vesicle-stage oocytes, and the oocytes were cultured in vitro to evaluate phenotypic changes during oocyte maturation. In addition to maturation rates, meiotic spindle and chromosome rearrangements, and changes in expression of other enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway were determined after Tkt RNA interference (RNAi). Results Despite the complete and specific knockdown of Tkt expression, GVBD occurred and meiosis was arrested at the metaphase I (MI) stage. The arrested oocytes exhibited spindle loss, chromosomal aggregation, and declined maturation promoting factor and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities. The modified expression of two enzymes in the pentose phosphate pathway, Prps1 and Rbks, after Tkt RNAi and decreased maturation rates were amended when ribose-5-phosphate was supplemented in the culture medium, suggesting that the Tkt and pentose phosphate pathway are important for the maturation process. Conclusion We concluded that Tkt and its associated pentose phosphate pathway play an important role in the MI-MII transition of the oocytes' meiotic cell cycle, but not in the process of GVBD.
An accurate method for SAR image simulation of 3D complex target

We propose an improved method to simulate the SAR image of 3D complex target. The technique first calculates the backscattering coefficient's distribution of a 3D target, then simulate the raw echo of the sensor and finally derive the SAR image through the image processor. By using method of moment (MoM) to obtain the backscattering character, the method we proposed is more accurate than the traditional method which always employs high frequency approach. Simulation results show that the SAR image simulated by our method exhibits the scattering center dramatically.
A semantic workflow mechanism to realise experimental goals and constraints

Workflow technologies provide scientific researchers with a flexible problem-solving environment, by facilitating the creation and execution of experiments from a pool of available services. In this paper we argue that in order to better characterise such experiments we need to go beyond low-level service composition and execution details by capturing higher-level descriptions of the scientific process. Current workflow technologies do not incorporate any representation of such experimental constraints and goals, which we refer to as the scientistpsilas intent. We have developed a framework based upon use of a number of semantic Web technologies, including the OWL ontology language and the semantic Web rule language (SWRL), to capture scientistpsilas intent. Through the use of a social simulation case study we illustrate the benefits of using this framework in terms of workflow monitoring, workflow provenance and enrichment of experimental results.
MINING TEMPORAL SEQUENCES TO DISCOVER INTERESTING PATTERNS

mining temporal sequences, knowledge discovery techniques can be applied that discover interesting patterns of interactions. Existing approaches use frequency, and sometimes length, as measurements for interestingness. Because these are temporal sequences, additional characteristics, such as periodicity, may also be interesting. We propose that information theoretic principles can be used to evaluate interesting characteristics of time-ordered input sequences. In this paper, we present a novel data mining technique based on the Minimum Description Length principle that discovers interesting features in a time-ordered sequence. We discuss features of our real-time mining approach, show applications of the knowledge mined by the approach, and present a technique to bootstrap a decision maker from the mined patterns.
Hybrid system for lymphatic diseases diagnosis

Machine-learning techniques such as decision support systems (DSS) are of great help in various fields. Medicine is one of the fields that can benefit from the application of data mining and pattern recognition techniques. The evolution of computational intelligence can improve many areas in health care including diagnosis, prognosis, screening, etc. The multiclass classification problem is important in data mining applications. Medical datasets are characterized by high dimensionality. Feature selection is considered as the main process to improve classification performance, particularly with the curse of dimensionality. This paper presents a hybrid system that combines the genetic algorithm (GA) and random forest (RF) for diagnosing lymphatic diseases. The genetic algorithm is used as a feature selection technique for reducing the dimension of the lymphatic diseases dataset and RF is used as a classifier. The performance of the proposed GA-RF system is compared with that of other feature selection algorithms combined with RF classifier such as principal component analysis (PCA), ReliefF, Fisher, sequential forward floating search (SFFS), and the sequential backward floating search (SBFS). The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to measure the prediction performance. The experiments performed show that GA-RF achieved a high classification accuracy of 92.2%. Moreover, a subset of six features using the GA is sufficient for obtaining the classification.
Ensuring Cache Reliability and Energy Scaling at Near-Threshold Voltage With Macho

Nanoscale process variations in conventional SRAM cells are known to limit voltage scaling in microprocessor caches. Recently, a number of novel cache architectures have been proposed which substitute faulty words of one cache line with healthy words of others, to tolerate these failures at low voltages. These schemes rely on the fault maps to identify faulty words, inevitably increasing the chip area. Besides, the relationship between word sizes and the cache failure rates is not well studied in these works. In this paper, we analyze the word substitution schemes by employing Fault Tree Model and Collision Graph Model. A novel cache architecture (Macho) is then proposed based on this model. Macho is dynamically reconfigurable and is locally optimized (tailored to local fault density) using two algorithms: 1) a graph coloring algorithm for moderate fault densities and 2) a bipartite matching algorithm to support high fault densities. An adaptive matching algorithm enables on-demand reconfiguration of Macho to concentrate available resources on cache working sets. As a result, voltage scaling down to 400 mV is possible, tolerating bit failure rates reaching 1 percent (one failure in every 100 cells). This near-threshold voltage (NTV) operation achieves 44 percent energy reduction in our simulated system (CPU+DRAM models) with a 1 MB L2 cache.
On becoming a first-time mother after an emergency Caesarean section

This qualitative research focused on the significance of subjective experience of mothers who gave birth in an emergency Caesarean section. Ten first-time mothers experiencing emergency Caesarean section were interviewed, and their narrative accounts were analyzed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method. Mothers described alienation from the infant on encountering her/him; primal difficulties in holding; a ‘mechanistic’ pattern of childcare at home; over-apprehension and fear of a cradle-death. A few of the women seemed to cope with these experiences by performing ‘a symbolic adoption’ of their infants. In the context of object-relations theory, the findings, will potentially inform psychological care in obstetrics and gynaecology.
Bandwidth widening strategies for piezoelectric based energy harvesting from ambient vibration sources

Due to the fact that the ambient vibration sources are random and unpredictable, therefore a vibration based energy harvesting device is desirable to be able to operate at wider bandwidth in an envelop of frequency range to generate maximum electrical output. In this paper, various ambient vibration from household appliances, machineries, vehicle and moving vehicle were measured and investigated. The second part of the paper will discuss the strategies to harvest these ambient vibration sources. An array of piezoelectric multi-cantilever is proposed to address the issue of single piezoelectric cantilever with high Q-factor. Two configurations of multi-cantilever were fabricated in a form that elevated from the substrate as free-standing structures. One with six cantilevers of constant width but different lengths and another with five cantilevers of constant length but different widths. The measurement and experimental results show a frequency band of 200 Hz to 300 Hz as a common bandwith between the vibration sources and the capability of miniature piezoelectric energy harvester in harvesting maximum electrical energy.
Differential Methylation Pattern of ID4, SFRP1, and SHP1 between Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

To gain insight into the differential mechanism of gene promoter hypermethylation in acute and chronic leukemia, we identified the methylation status on one part of 5'CpG rich region of 8 genes, DAB2IP, DLC-1, H-cadherin, ID4, Integrin α4, RUNX3, SFRP1, and SHP1 in bone marrows from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Also, we compared the methylation status of genes in AML and CML using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The frequencies of DNA methylation of ID4, SFRP1, and SHP1 were higher in AML patients compared to those in CML patients. In contrast, no statistical difference between AML and CML was detected for other genes such as DLC-1, DAB2IP, H-cadherin, Integrin α4, and RUNX3. Taken together, these results suggest that these methylation-controlled genes may have different roles in AML and CML, and thus, may act as a biological marker of AML.
A Novel Approach for Evaluating Software Testing Techniques for Reliability

One of the major goals of software testing is to increase reliability of the software. As pointed out by many studies, fault detection does not necessarily increase the reliability of the software when all failures are considered to be equivalent to one another. Accordingly, we need to evaluate software testing techniques to check which technique is more suitable and effective in terms of increasing confidence by reducing risk (by detecting and isolating faults which affect reliability most). We here present a novel experiment which compares three defect detection techniques for reliability. Preliminary results suggest that testing techniques differ in terms of their ability to reduce risk in the software.
Editorial: Evaluating knowledge engineering techniques

We argue below that knowledge engineers (KEs) use a range of techniques ( ). Yet more techniques are constantly being evolved. How sure are we that any of the current KE techniques either work at all or work better than past practice? Currently, our basic question has no clear answer. It is not easy to evaluate software development techniques, be they from software engineering or knowledge engineering (see the list of problems in [Shadbolt, O’Hara & Crow 2000]). However, many successful evaluations have been performed, as evidenced by numerous KE case studies studies (Figure 1) and the wealth of material on KE evaluation (Figure 2). In our experience, the core problem with performing evaluations is a concern that the whole principle of evaluation is misguided. KE researchers are often reluctant to design and perform rigorous evaluations, asking “what is the general point of such studies”? That is, how can results from one study be relevant to anything else Detailed surveys of evaluation techniques: [Fenton 1991, Cohen 1995].
Determination of carrier concentration in VECSEL lasers

For the growth of many high-quality photonic devices, especially surface emission lasers with a vertical resonance cavity (Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, VECSEL) very important is to know the actual concentration of the carriers in each layer laser structure resulting from the presence of unintentional impurities. Studies of doping profile of this type multilayer structure can be carried out only by comparing the measured capacitance - voltage characteristics with the calculated theoretically. The paper presents results of research VECSEL structures with different numbers of quantum wells 4, 8, 12, 16, produced by molecular beam epitaxy. Measurements of the capacitance - voltage characteristics has been performed using mercury probe in the system for automatic measurement of C-V, I-V, G–V. The results of C-V measurements and numerical simulations have confirmed the possibility to control the level of unintentional impurities in the different layers of the laser VECSEL structure. The lowest concentrations of unintentional impurities were obtained for structures with highest power output.
Type IV secretion systems: versatility and diversity in function

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are large protein complexes which traverse the cell envelope of many bacteria. They contain a channel through which proteins or protein–DNA complexes can be translocated. This translocation is driven by a number of cytoplasmic ATPases which might energize large conformational changes in the translocation complex. The family of T4SSs is very versatile, shown by the great variety of functions among family members. Some T4SSs are used by pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria to translocate a wide variety of virulence factors into the host cell. Other T4SSs are utilized to mediate horizontal gene transfer, an event that greatly facilitates the adaptation to environmental changes and is the basis for the spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. Here we review the recent advances in the characterization of the architecture and mechanism of substrate transfer in a few representative T4SSs with a particular focus on their diversity of structure and function.