Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AltiVec Extension to PowerPC Accelerates Media Processing

There is a clear trend in personal computing toward multimedia-rich applications. These applications will incorporate a wide variety of multimedia technologies, including audio and video compression, 2D image processing, 3D graphics, speech and handwriting recognition, media mining, and narrow/broadband signal processing for communication. In response to this demand, major microprocessor vendors have announced architectural extensions to their general-purpose processors in an effort to improve their multimedia performance. Intel extended IA-32 with MMX and SSE (alias KNI), Sun enhanced Sparc with VIS, Hewlett-Packard added MAX to its PA-RISC architecture, Silicon Graphics extended the MIPS architecture with MDMX, and Digital (now Compaq) added MVI to Alpha. This article describes the most recent, and what we believe to be the most comprehensive, addition to this list: PowerPC's AltiVec, AltiVec speeds not only media processing but also nearly any application in which data parallelism exists, as demonstrated by a cycle-accurate simulation of Motorola's MPC 7400, the heart of Apple G4 systems.
DMD measurements and equalization Simulations for 62.5- and 50-/spl mu/m legacy multimode fibers at 1300 nm

In this letter, we present the results from the differential modal delay (DMD) measurements at 1310 nm performed over a large sample of 62.5- and 50-/spl mu/m fiber distributed data interface grade multimode fibers (MMF). We have found that the typical DMD values are in the range 0.5-1.5 ps/m, but a significant portion of the measured fibers have DMD values exceeding the commonly used value of 2 ps/m. Since the expected yield at moderate (150-300 m) distances of 10 Gb/s links employing legacy fibers is very poor, we have simulated equalization techniques in the receiver for the measured fiber impulse responses. We show here that both the yield and the achievable distance are improved when equalization is used.
A Three-year Clinical Trial of a Combination of Trimetaphosphate and Sodium Fluoride in Silica Toothpastes

The relative efficacy of NaF silica toothpastes containing 1000 ppm fluoride and 1500 ppm fluoride in the control of dental caries is not clear-cut. Also, it has not been established that incorporation of trimetaphosphate (TMP) improves the anticaries activity of NaF toothpastes. A three-year clinical trial was conducted to test the hypotheses that: (i) the anticaries activity of NaF toothpastes containing 1500 ppm F was greater than that of NaF toothpastes containing 1000 ppm F, and (ii) inclusion of TMP improved the efficacy of NaF silica pastes. Subsidiary aims included determination of whether frequency of toothbrushing and method of rinsing after brushing were correlated with caries increments. The study involved 4196 children aged 11 to 12 years at outset. These participants had been selected from a pool of 7374 potential subjects on the basis of caries experience and dental eruption pattern. They were stratified by sex, examiner, and presence of calculus and caries, and were allocated at random to one of the four toothpastes under study. Using mirror and probe and also FOTI, we carried out clinical examinations at baseline and annually thereafter for 3 yrs. Bitewing radiographs of a subset of children were taken at baseline and at the end of the study. The outcome measure for the study, DMFS increment, was defined as the increase in caries over 3 yrs, taking into account changes occurring on individual tooth surfaces. Data for 3467 subjects were available for analyses at both baseline and year 3 examinations. Radiographs were taken for 1942 subjects at both baseline and year 3 examinations. The mean three-year clinical-only DMFS increment for the subjects using 1500-ppm-NaF pastes was 3.93, which was 6% lower than the corresponding mean of 4.19 for the 1000-ppm-NaF pastes. There was no significant difference between the mean DMFS increment for those using paste with or without TMP. Subjects who claimed to brush more frequently or who claimed not to use a tumbler to rinse after toothbrushing had lower three-year DFMS increments.
What Is an Intentional State

Extension aux "etats intentionnels" de l'analyse anterieure des actes de langage. L'auteur montre que les etats intentionnels ont avec les actes de langage une structure fondamentalement commune| elle s'exprime essentiellement dans ce qu'il appelle la "direction of fit", puis dans l'idee de "satisfaction". Il tire les consequences de cette theorie pour la solution de certains problemes philosophiques traditionnels.
Evolution of high-intensity basal ganglia lesions on T1-weighted MR in neurofibromatosis type 1.

PURPOSE To characterize the temporal evolution of the foci of T1 shortening in basal ganglia lesions in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). METHODS A retrospective review of MR images of 37 patients with NF-1 revealed 8 patients in whom regions of T1 shortening were noted in the basal ganglia. We reviewed sequential images obtained in these selected patients with special attention to chronological changes in the foci of T1 shortening and their relationship to changes on T2-weighted images. RESULTS Regions of short T1 in the globus pallidus were observed in 8 patients. In 2 of 3 patients in whom foci of T1 shortening were not identified on the initial imaging study, T1 shortening developed and T2 prolongation diminished after an initial increase. In the third patient, T1 and T2 prolongation appeared simultaneously. Sequential scans in the other 5 patients, in whom areas of increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus were present on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images on the initial MR examination, showed a diminution in the size of the region of T2 prolongation in 2 patients, an increase in the size of the region of T2 prolongation in 1 patient, a mixed pattern of change in the size of the region of T2 prolongation in 1 patient, and no change in the region of T2 prolongation in 1 patient. During the periods of these T2 changes, the areas of T1 shortening showed no significant interval change. CONCLUSION The foci of prolonged T2 relaxation in the basal ganglia appear to evolve in a manner similar to the foci of T2 prolongation in the white matter of the posterior fossa. However, the corresponding foci of short T1 in the basal ganglia may evolve with a different time course. In some patients, the foci of short T1 develop at a later time than the T2 prolongation and progress; these foci of short T1 do not appear to regress over periods as long as 90 months. Possible causes of the T1 shortening are remyelination and calcification.
Learning and memory function in men with untreated blood pressure elevation.

Learning and memory processes were compared in 20 men with untreated blood pressure elevation and 20 normotensive control subjects matched for age, education, and average alcohol consumption. Subjects were identified from a larger sample of 469 factory workers who had participated in an epidemiologic investigation. Three measures (e.g., Symbol-Digit Learning Test [Ryan & Butters, 1980] and Visual Reproductions-Immediate and Delayed Recall [Wechsler, 1945] ) from a previously administered test battery were chosen for comparison on the basis of statistical power calculations. Results indicate that relative to normotensive control subjects, men with elevated blood pressure performed more poorly on all three tests. These results are independent of other known influences on neuropsychological performance and are likely a consequence of elevated blood pressure.
BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES OF BUFO ARENARUM TADPOLES TO ODONATE NAIAD PREDATION

—In the presence of predators, anuran tadpoles often exhibit behavioral plasticity, which in turn reduces predation risk. We evaluated indirect effects of odonate larva predation on activity of Bufo arenarum tadpoles. We reared intact and tail-damaged larvae in three different predator treatments: (1) caged predators fed tadpoles; (2) caged predators that were starved; and (3) no predators. Both intact and damaged tadpoles were significantly less active when exposed to predator cues. There were no differences in activity between tadpoles with damaged and intact tails, however significant differences were observed between fed and starved predator treatments. Our results are consistent with other studies that have shown bufonid tadpoles reduce activity when exposed to predator cues and address a novel contribution of southern-hemisphere bufonid, expanding the knowledge of that family in ecological experiments.
Time-to-Contact from Photometric Information

It is known that time-to-contact toward objects can be estimated just from changes in the object size in camera images, and we do not need any additional information, such as distance toward objects, camera speed and camera parameters. However, the existing methods cannot compute time-to-contact, if there are no geometric features in the images. In this paper, we propose a new method for computing time-to-contact by using photometric information. When a light source moves in the scene, an observed intensity changes according to the motion of the light source. In this paper, we analyze the change in intensity in camera images, and show that the time-to-contact can be estimated just from the change in intensity in images. Our method does not need any additional information, such as radiance of light source, reflectance of object and orientation of object surface. The proposed method can be used in various applications, such as vehicle driver assistance.
Targeted Disruption of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Reveals a Role in Blood Pressure Regulation*

Renal microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid generates a series of regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids that can be further metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Evidence exists that these metabolites affect renal function and, in particular, blood pressure regulation. To examine this possibility, blood pressure and renal arachidonic acid metabolism were examined in mice with a targeted disruption of the soluble epoxide hydrolase gene. Systolic blood pressure of male soluble epoxide hydrolase-null mice was lower compared with wild-type mice in both the absence and presence of dietary salt loading. Both female soluble epoxide hydrolase-null and wild-type female mice also had significantly lower systolic blood pressure than male wild-type mice. Renal formation of epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids was markedly lower for soluble epoxide hydrolase-null versus wild-type mice of both sexes. Although disruption of soluble epoxide hydrolase in female mice had minimal effects on blood pressure, deletion of this gene feminized male mice by lowering systolic blood pressure and altering arachidonic acid metabolism. These data provide the first direct evidence for a role for soluble epoxide hydrolase in blood pressure regulation and identify this enzyme as a novel and attractive target for therapeutic intervention in hypertension.
M–Z Interferometer Constructed by Two S-Bend Fibers for Displacement and Force Measurements

An in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed by cascading two S-bend fibers (SBFs) on a single-mode fiber is proposed and fabricated only using a common fusion splicer. The SBFs serve as mode coupling elements for coupling light from the fundamental mode to the cladding modes and vice versa to construct an in-line MZI. The proposed MZI exhibits high sensitivities for displacement and force measurements. Experimental results show that the displacement and force sensitivities of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 1.533}~{\rm nm}/\mu{\rm m}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 177.1}~{\rm nm}/{\rm N}$</tex> </formula>, respectively, are obtained by the MZI with the length of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\sim}{\rm 2.3}~{\rm mm}$</tex> </formula>.
Photosensitizers Derived from 132-Oxo-methyl Pyropheophorbide-a: Enhanced Effect of Indium(III) as a Central Metal in In Vitro and In Vivo Photosensitizing Efficacy

Abstract The effects of an additional keto group on absorption wavelength and the corresponding metal complexes Zn(II), Cu(II) In(III) on singlet oxygen production and photodynamic efficacy were examined among the alkyl ether analogs of pyropheophorbide-a. For the preparation of the desired photosensitizers, the methyl 132-oxo-pyropheophorbide-a obtained by reacting methyl pyropheophorbide-a with aqueous LiOH-THF was converted into a series of alkyl ether analogs. These compounds were evaluated for photophysical properties and in vitro (by means of the MTT assay and intracellular localization in RIF cells) and in vivo (in C3H mice implanted with RIF tumors) photosensitizing efficacy. Among the alkyl ether derivatives, the methyl 3-decyloxyethyl-3-devinyl-132-oxo-pyropheophorbide-a was found to be most effective and the insertion of In(III) into this analog further enhanced its in vitro and in vivo photosensitizing efficacy. Fluorescence microscopy showed that, in contrast to the hexyl and dodecyl ether derivatives of HPPH (which localize in mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively), the diketo-analogs and their In(III) complexes localized in Golgi bodies. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo results suggest that, in both free-base and metalated analogs, the introduction of an additional keto group at the five-member exocyclic ring in pyropheophorbide-a diminishes its photosensitizing efficacy. This may be due to a shift in subcellular localization from mitochondria to the Golgi bodies. The further introduction of In(III) enhances photoactivity, but not by shifting the localization of the photosensitizer.
Adenovirus DNA template for late transcription is not a replicative intermediate

The relationship between adenovirus replication and late transcription has been investigated using viral replication and transcription complexes isolated from infected HeLa cell nuclei. These two types of complexes extracted from adenovirus type 2-infected cell nuclei did not sediment at the same rate on sucrose gradients. Viral replicative intermediates were quantitatively precipitated by immunoglobulins raised against purified 72,000-dalton DNA-binding protein, whereas viral transcription complexes remained in the supernatant. These results show that late transcription does not occur on active replication complexes or on 72,000-dalton DNA-binding protein-containing replicative intermediates inactive in DNA synthesis. Additional evidence is presented indicating that it is very unlikely that replicative intermediates lacking the 72,000-dalton DNA-binding protein could be the template for late transcription.
AIS Electronic

The objective of this research is to identify the factors that are the drivers of innovation and to propose a means of measuring firm-specific innovation within a nation. Innovation leads to competitive advantages, as well as maximizing profits for a firm, so it is imperative that the firms have tools that measure how innovative they are compared to other firms within the same industry. The emergence of Business Intelligence dashboards provides such capabilities to firms and allows firms to track their innovative capability. Such innovative capability tracking is advanced by a proposed Innovation Score. Innovation is measured by factors such as the size of firm, market power, motivation to innovate, availability of resources, as well as decentralization. The role Business Intelligence plays towards tracking innovation by means of gathering and analyzing appropriate data efficiently is central to our paper
Machine Comprehension Using Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network and Gated Recurrent Unit

Machine comprehension (MC) is one of the most challenging problems in natural language processing. Using deep learning techniques is considered of being a promising way to build a reliable machine learning model for solving MC. The previous exciting datasets, however, are difficult to train and evaluate deep learning models due to their limitation in both size and complexity, respectively. Recently, the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD), a new released dataset including a huge number of contexts and related questions generated by crowdsourcing, provides a reliable dataset to help develop and evaluate more MC models. By using SQuAD, we developed an end-to-end neural-network architecture to approach the MC problems. The architecture includes dynamic recurrent neural network that are able to process questions and contexts with different lengths, and also includes gated recurrent unit (GRU) that can “memorize” the previous part of word sequences during processing.
PARTICLE FILTERING RANGE DATA FOR POSE ESTIMATION UNDER TORQUE-FREE MOTION

Autonomous rendezvous and capture is a current research interest with varied mission applications ranging from servicing to sample return. Especially interesting is the problem of rendezvous with an uncooperative tumbling target in orbit. One key to this process is the ability to estimate the relative pose and motion of the target object. This paper presents a particle filter method which utilizes a continuous stream of range data to extract the relative pose and rotation rate of the target. This approach circumvents problems encountered by previous techniques, especially the issue of data smearing caused by target motion during data collection. This has implications for estimating faster rotations than previously demonstrated by existing solutions. Furthermore, the proposed method can utilize simpler sensor patterns compared to previous experiments and still correctly estimate the target state. The method is verified via simulation and results are presented.
Alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol are bioavailable and have antioxidant properties in vitamin E-deficient rats--a proteomics and network analysis approach.

SCOPE Olive products are rich in phenolic compounds, which are natural antioxidants in vitro. We tested the in vivo effects of alperujo, an olive production by-product, as well as hydroxytyrosol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG) isolated from alperujo, on indices and pathways of oxidative and metabolic stress in a vitamin E-deficient rat model. METHODS AND RESULTS Rats were fed a vitamin E-deficient diet for 10 weeks, followed by this diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg diet dα-tocopherol, alperujo extract, hydroxytyrosol, or 10 mg/kg diet DHPG, for a further 2 weeks. We detected alperujo phenolics in tissues and blood, indicating they are bioavailable. Alperujo extract partially ameliorated elevated plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and also lowered plasma cholesterol levels, whereas hydroxytyrosol increased plasma triglyceride levels. Proteomics and subsequent network analysis revealed that hepatic mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), of which protein and activity levels were regulated by dα-tocopherol and olive phenolics, represents a novel central regulatory protein hub affected by the dietary interventions. CONCLUSION The in vivo free radical scavenging properties of olive phenolics appear relatively modest in our model. But alternative mechanisms, including regulation of ALDH2, may represent relevant antioxidant mechanisms by which dietary olive phenolics could have beneficial impact on cardiovascular health.
Organization of thymic medullary epithelial heterogeneity: implications for mechanisms of epithelial differentiation

Summary: There are accumulating data to show that thymic epithelium expresses a remarkable array of molecules previously considered to be tissue‐specific antigens, such as parathyroid hormone, thyroglobulin, insulin, and C‐reactive protein. From an immunological perspective, this property of thymic epithelium would provide an ideal mechanism to effect central tolerance of epithelial‐restricted antigens. However, from a mechanistic perspective, this phenomenon remains mysterious. Two explanations have been proposed. One invokes promiscuous gene expression by medullary thymic epithelial cells that would allow transient derepression of selected gene expression. The other proposes that the expression of tissue‐restricted genes by thymic epithelium reflects alternate pathways of epithelial development by small numbers of cells to form a mosaic of different epithelial types within the thymus. Here we show thymic expression of lung‐associated gene products by an organized epithelial ‘organoid’ with ultrastructural features of respiratory epithelium and present data suggesting that the thymus also contains structures that ultrastructurally and phenotypically resemble solitary thyroid follicles. Based on these data, it is proposed that some thymic epithelial progenitor cells resemble pharyngeal endoderm in terms of their developmental potential and that alternative differentiation fates taken by these cells serve to maintain the spectrum of epithelial ‘self’ in the thymus.
FORCE FIELD DEVELOPMENT FOR SIMULATIONS OF CONDENSED PHASES

The focus of this review is on development of force fields for simulations of technologically important properties of fluids and materials. Of particular interest are models that can reproduce thermodynamic and transport properties over a broad range of temperatures and densities. Most existing force fields have been optimized to the configurational properties of isolated molecules and thermodynamic or structural properties of liquids near room temperature. Recently developed force fields are now available that also reproduce phase coexistence properties and critical parameters for selected systems, but they are not yet generally applicable to many systems of interest. Simulation methodologies for rapid determination of intermolecular potential parameters from experimental data are discussed. Two key unresolved questions remain, namely how to incorporate polarizability and other non-additive interactions, and the logistics of large-scale efforts to obtain parameters for broad classes of components.
Association between polymorphisms in IL21 gene and risk for sepsis

Abstract Context: Sepsis is now the leading cause of death in the noncardiovascular intensive care unit (ICU). Objective: To investigate whether polymorphisms in IL21 gene contribute to sepsis susceptibility. Materials and methods: Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of IL21 (rs907715, rs2055979, rs12508721) were genotyped by TaqMan assay in patients with sepsis and control subjects. Results: Polymorphisms rs2055979 and rs12508721 in IL21 were more frequent in sepsis patients compared to general population. But allele frequency of rs907715 was not significantly different between sepsis patients and control subjects. Conclusion: Polymorphisms in IL21 may be associated with sepsis risk.
Low Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Viral Load Is Independent of Proviral Load: Low Virus Production In Vivo

ABSTRACT Levels of virus in the plasma are closely related to the pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). HIV-2 is much less pathogenic than HIV-1, and infection with HIV-2 leads to significantly lower plasma viral load. To identify the source of this difference, we measured both viral RNA and proviral DNA in matched samples from 34 HIV-2-infected individuals. Nearly half had undetectable viral RNA loads (<100 copies/ml), but levels of proviral DNA were relatively high and confirmed that quantities of provirus in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection were similar. Overall, HIV-2 proviral DNA load did not correlate with viral RNA load, and higher viral RNA load was associated with increased production of plasma virus from the proviral template. These results suggest that low viral load in HIV-2 infection is due to decreased rates of viral production, rather than differences in target cell infectivity.