Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The continued burden of spine fractures after motor vehicle crashes.

OBJECT Spine fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Public health interventions, such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, have led to an increase in automobiles with air bags and the increased use of seat belts to lessen injuries sustained from MVCs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate secular trends in the occurrence of spine fractures associated with MVCs and evaluate the association between air bag and seat belt use with spine fractures. METHODS Using the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System, a database of the police reports of all MVCs in Wisconsin linked to hospital records, the authors studied the occurrence of spine fractures and seat belt and air bag use from 1994 to 2002. Demographic information and crash characteristics were obtained from the police reports. Injury characteristics were determined using International Classification of Disease, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) hospital discharge codes. RESULTS From 1994 to 2002, there were 29,860 hospital admissions associated with automobile or truck crashes. There were 20,276 drivers or front-seat passengers 16 years of age and older who were not missing ICD-9-CM discharge codes, seat belt or air bag data, and who had not been ejected from the vehicle. Of these, 2530 (12.5%) sustained a spine fracture. The occurrence of spine fractures increased over the study period, and the use of a seat belt plus air bag, and of air bags alone also increased during this period. However, the occurrence of severe spine fractures (Abbreviated Injury Scale Score > or =3) did not significantly increase over the study period. The use of both seat belt and air bag was associated with decreased odds of a spine fracture. Use of an air bag alone was associated with increased odds of a severe thoracic, but not cervical spine fracture. CONCLUSIONS Among drivers and front-seat passengers admitted to the hospital after MVCs, the occurrence of spine fractures increased from 1994 to 2002 despite concomitant increases in seat belt and air bag use. However, the occurrence of severe spine fractures did not increase over the study period. The use of both seat belt and air bag is protective against spine fractures. Although the overall increased occurrence of spine fractures may appear contrary to the increased use of seat belts and air bags in general, it is possible that improved imaging technology may be associated with an increase in the diagnosis of relatively minor fractures. However, given the significant protective effects of both seat belt and air bag use against spine fractures, resources should continue to be dedicated toward increasing their use to mitigate the effects of MVCs.
Evidence from Sweden

We use longitudinal data over a decade on start-ups and employment in Swedish regions and analyze the effect of start-ups on subsequent employment growth. We extend previous analyses by examining the influence of regional start-ups in a sector on regional employment growth in the same sector and on other sectors. We find differences between different types of start-ups. Knowledge-intensive startups seem to have larger effects on the regional economy. In particular, start-ups in high-end services have significant negative impacts on employment in other sectors but a positive long-run impact. This is consistent with the idea that start-ups are a vehicle for changes in the composition of regional industry. Moreover, our results illustrate that the known S-shaped pattern can be attributed to different effects that start-ups in a sector have on employment change in the same sector and in others.
A Survey Paper on Differentially Private Frequent Item Mining

- In today’s business world there is excess of available data & a great need to make good use of it. Data mining is art of extracting pattern and knowledge from large amount of data. Frequent itemset plays essential role in many Data Mining tasks that try to find out interesting patterns from database such as association rules. Association rule mining is a method of discovering interesting correlations between variables in large databases. Mining of frequent itemset is most popular problem in data mining. The discovery of frequent itemsets can be serve valuable economic & research purpose. But valuable discovered frequent itemsets should not only assure security but also achieve high data utility & offer time efficiency. The frequent itemsets are patterns or items like itemset, substructures or subsequences that comes out in data set frequently. There are several FIM algorithms for frequent item mining such as Apriori, FPgrowth, Eclat, UP growth algorithms. To provide security or privacy here we use differentially private FIM algorithm using UP-growth algorithm. It consist of Prepocessing & mining phase.In prepocessing phase, to enhance utility & privacy advance smart splitting method is proposed to transform database. For given Database preprocessing phase should be performed only once. In mining phase run time estimation & dynamic reduction performed. To cover the information loss by smart splitting, we contrive run time estimation to calculate actual support of itemsets in original database. For privacy we have added noise in the database, we put forward dynamic reduction method to reduce the noise dynamically which guarantees privacy during mining process. In this paper we proposed new algorithm for mining high utility itemsets called as UP growth which consider not only frequency of itemset but also utility associated with the itemset.
Understanding the epigenetic basis of sex differences in depression

Epigenetics refers to potentially heritable processes that can mediate both lasting and transient changes in gene expression in the absence of genome sequence alterations. The field of epigenetics has introduced a novel understanding of the mechanisms through which the environment can shape an individual and potentially its offspring. This Mini‐Review examines the current literature exploring the role of epigenetics in the development of mood disorders such as depression. Depression is twofold more common in females, yet the majority of preclinical research has been conducted exclusively in male subjects. Here we discuss what is known about sex differences in epigenetic regulation and function and how this may contribute to the etiology and onset of mood disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shifts in Gas Market Governance: Path-Dependent Institutional Innovation in the Netherlands

Around the turn of the century, the gas market in the Netherlands underwent a drastic shift in governance. Although the gas value chain was initially designed as a natural monopoly, it was dismantled by introducing competition on the basis of two European Union (EU) Directives that allowed third party access. The key economic question is whether the ongoing legal process of liberalization will result in an overall efficiency gain. Although this is probably still too early to tell, we provide the preliminary answer, based on an evolutionary framework of market governance, that the efficiency gain is likely to be small. First, the transaction characteristics and market structure have not changed substantially to align them efficiently with the new governance arrangement. In the Netherlands, gas market governance basically shifted from public regulation 'in disguise' (as a private bilateral governance arrangement) to public regulation. Second, the potential efficiency gains are suppressed by path dependence and lock-in. For instance, the former monopolist in the Netherlands has a strong position on the wholesale market due to its historically determined exclusive entry to the huge Groningen gas field. Despite the liberalization of the market, transaction characteristics have not changed, which has prompted a strong intrusion of governance instruments by the regulatory agent. In that sense, we argue that the governance of the Dutch gas market has made a full circle.
Interdependent destination management functions

ABSTRACT Destination management studies emphasize the multiple functions involved and the need for these to be integrated and coordinated but pay little attention to questions of functional interdependence, that is, to the way in which different functions complement and support each other and thereby strengthen the overall management of a destination. This paper explores the issue of interdependent destination management functions empirically through an analysis of in-depth interviews with practitioners in New Zealand. Destination management is associated with balancing supply and demand and is commonly seen to encompass supply-side functions of product development and operations and to a lesser extent those functions associated with managing the interface between the destination and other facets of the territory in which it is located: planning, consultation, advocacy, facilitation and environmental management. Destination marketing is generally perceived as a distinct and separate demand-side function. A conceptual framework of interdependent destination management functions is then presented which systematically shows the interrelationships between those functions which link supply and demand and the interface management functions which address the cross-over between destination and territory. Implications of the framework for researchers, practitioners and policy makers are then outlined.
Efficacy assessment of a combined anticholinergic and oxime treatment against topical sarin‐induced miosis and visual impairment in rats

Eye exposure to the organophosphorus (OP) irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor sarin results in long‐term miosis and impaired visual function. We have previously shown that tropicamide is better at ameliorating this insult than topical atropine or cyclopentolate. However, to minimize side effects associated with repeated tropicamide applications and high treatment doses, we evaluated the effects of oximes (ChE re‐activators) alone and combined with tropicamide at ameliorating OP‐induced ocular impairments.
Consistent Information Multivariate Density Optimizing Methodology

The estimation of the profit and loss distribution of a loan portfolio requires the modelling of the portfolio’s multivariate distribution. This describes the joint likelihood of changes in the credit-risk quality of the loans that make up the portfolio. A significant problem for portfolio credit risk measurement is the greatly restricted data that are available for its modelling. Under these circumstances, convenient parametric assumptions are frequently made in order to represent the nonexistent information. Such assumptions, however, usually do not appropriately describe the behaviour of the assets that are the subject of our interest, loans granted to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), unlisted and arm’s-length firms. This paper proposes the Consistent Information Multivariate Density Optimizing Methodology (CIMDO), based on the cross-entropy approach, as an alternative to generate probability multivariate densities from partial information and without making parametric assumptions. Using the probability integral transformation criterion, we show that the distributions recovered by CIMDO outperform distributions that are used for the measurement of portfolio credit risk of loans granted to SMEs, unlisted and arm’s-length firms.
Differential effects of culture and nuclear transfer on relative transcript levels of genes with key roles during preimplantation

It is well known that the preimplantation culture environment to which embryos are exposed influences the expression of developmentally important genes. Recently, it has been reported that MEMα, a culture medium commonly used for somatic cells, allows high rates of preimplantation development and development to term of mouse somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The objective of this study was to compare the differential effects of this medium and of the nuclear transfer procedure on the relative mRNA abundance of several genes with key roles during preimplantation. The relative mRNA levels of nine genes (Glut 1, Glut 5, G6PDH, Bax, Survivin, Gpx 1, Oct4, mTert and IGF2bp1) were quantified at blastocyst stage on cumulus cell cloned embryos cultured in MEMα, as well as on in vivo cultured and MEMα cultured controls. Only three of the nine transcripts analysed (Glut 5, Gpx 1 and Igf2bp1) were significantly down-regulated at blastocyst stage in in vitro produced controls. However, most genes analysed in our MEMα cultured cloned embryos showed altered transcription levels. Interestingly, between cloned and in vitro produced controls only the transcription levels measured for Glut 1 were significantly different. This result suggests that Glut 1 may be a good marker for embryo quality after cumulus cell nuclear transfer.
Investigating the relationship between abomasal hairballs and perforating abomasal ulcers in unweaned beef calves.

This study investigated the relationship between abomasal hairballs (trichobezoars) and perforating abomasal ulcers in unweaned beef calves <4 mo of age. The calves enrolled in the study represented routine necropsy submissions to veterinary practitioners in western Canada and to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine. Regardless of the cause of death, each calf was examined for evidence of abomasal ulcers and hairballs. Thirty-two practitioners and the Western College of Veterinary Medicine provided 166 cases for the study; 56 died of perforating ulcers (ulcer calves), and 110 died of causes unrelated to abomasum (non-ulcer calves). The calves ranged in age from 1-90 d; 154 (92.8%) were <61 d of age. Overall, ulcer calves were 2.74 (P = 0.003) times more likely to die with an abomasal hairball than were the nonulcer calves. However, stratifying the calves into 2 age groups, young (<31 d) and old (>30 d), yielded conflicting results. While the young ulcer calves were 3.81 (P = 0.003) times more likely to have a hairball than were the young nonulcer calves, there was no statistically significant relationship (OR = 0.76, P = 0.65) between ulcer and hairballs in the older calves. The authors concluded that the relationship between hairballs and ulcers in the young calves was probably spurious, created by a Berkson's bias. It is unlikely that abomasal hairballs have a significant role in the development of fatal perforating ulcers in beef calves.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE FINE STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN ISLETS IN FROZEN SECTIONS

SUMMARY A procedure is described for the preparation of ultrathin frozen sections of glutaraldehydefixed or unfixed islets of Langerhans by cryo-ultramicrotomy. Freezing of the tissue was accomplished by direct immersion of isolated islets in liquid nitrogen. Sectioning was performed at a specimen temperature of —80 °C and a knife temperature of —40 °C, the ribbon of sections being collected on a trough containing 60 % dimethyl sulphoxide. Staining was accomplished with 4 % silicotungstic acid and sections were protected from drying artifacts by rinsing with 0-5 % polyethylene glycol. Even in tissue not subjected to prior glutaraldehyde fixation, most of the structural features of A and B cells were well preserved in frozen sections, which were obtained in a number and quality which should render them suitable for ultrastructural, cytochemical or radioautographic studies.
Can Local Housing Ordinances Prevent Neighborhood Destabilization?

This paper assesses the ability of local housing ordinances to prevent neighborhood destabilization. We evaluate the degree to which vacancy registrations and point-of-sale inspection requirements influenced housing market outcomes following the housing crisis. With comprehensive real property data from Cuyahoga County, Ohio, we measure outcomes that characterize housing market distress including foreclosures, sales below the tax-assessed value, bulk sales, flipping, and property tax delinquency. We compare outcomes across properties in regulated and unregulated municipalities using matching procedures on linked data containing property, loan, and transaction characteristics. We find evidence that vacancy registrations substantially reduce foreclosures. Registrations are also negatively associated with tax delinquency and sales below a property’s tax-assessed value in some specifications. In contrast, we find little evidence that point-of-sale inspections reduce undesirable transactions. Rather, properties in cities with inspection requirements displayed higher levels of foreclosure and tax delinquency relative to the control group during the study period.
Biotechnological Optimization of Light Use Efficiency in Nannochloropsis Cultures for Biodiesel Production

In the last years new renewable energy sources started to be exploited to compensate exhausting fossil fuels and minimize anthropogenic factors on climate change. Microalgae have reemerged as potential next-generation feedstock for biofuels and they are considered very promising on the long term, since they have a potentially high productivity per area and they can be grown on marginal land without competing with food crops. Our work is focused on the seawater microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, which combines a fast growth rate with a strong accumulation of lipids and therefore yields great potential for these kinds of applications. Solar radiation provides all the energy supporting algae growth and lipids production and for this reason the available radiation must be exploited with the highest possible efficiency to optimize productivity and make their cultivation on a large scale competitive. Investigation of the bases affecting light use efficiency is thus seminal to elucidate the connection between light and the lipids/biomass productivity. To this aim we investigated the influence of different illumination regimes, nutrients availability and batch/ continuous cultivation on N. gaditana cultures productivity and light use efficiency. This information will be exploited for optimization of growing systems but also to design Nannochloropsis gaditana genetic manipulations. Strains with altered composition of the photosynthetic apparatus and modified regulation of photosynthesis are being selected and characterized to increase Nannochloropsis gaditana productivity in photobioreactors.
High-frequency noise in AlGaN/GaN HFETs

We present in this letter the benefits of GaN-based electronic devices for low-noise MMICs. A temperature-dependent two-temperature noise model for AlGaN/GaN HFETs is implemented on a wide range of bias conditions. This study enables to access the device high-frequency noise parameters, and allow a comparison of the noise performances with SiC and GaAs technologies.
Immune algorithm and intelligent devices for schedule overlap prevention in electric transport

This study is dedicated to optimize the electric transport traffic by adjusting timetables using evolutionary algorithms and scheduling theory. Developed multiple criteria objective function's energy consumption criterion is used for the assessment of adjusted schedules. The scheduling results of immune algorithm is compared with results of genetic algorithm by providing better energy saving effect and eliminating of schedules overlapping. This article also discusses one of the possible energy savings - proper planning of transport operations. It is considered on the railway irregular transportation operations example.
Investigation of laser-mode anticompetition in semiconductor lasers

Influential factors of laser-mode anticompetition are investigated in dual-wavelength semiconductor laser. Experiment shows that with increasing wavelength, separation, or decreasing initial power of the long-wavelength mode (LWM), the slope of the anticompetition curve and the maximum power increment of the LWM increase. Under fixed wavelength separation, anticompetition can exist only when the power of the short-wavelength mode (SWM) is below a certain level. In addition, the wavelength position has an effect on anticompetition. Different injection current also results in different behaviors of anticompetition. Anticompetition can only be observed with varying the power of the SWM.
Microfiber Fabry–Perot Interferometer for Dual-Parameter Sensing

We propose and demonstrate a microfiber Fabry–Perot interferometer (MFPI) fabricated by taper-drawing microfiber at the center of a uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The MFPI employing the two separated sections of FBG as reflectors and a length of microfiber as its cavity is derived. Theoretic study shows that the reflection spectrum of such MFPI is consisted of two parts – interference fringes induced by multi-beam interference and reflection spectrum envelope induced by FBGs. Temperature affects both interference fringes and reflection wavelength of FBGs while ambient refractive index (RI) only influences the interference fringes, i.e., MFPI has different response to temperature and RI. Therefore, MFPI for simultaneous sensing of RI and temperature is experimentally demonstrated by tracking a reflection peak of interference fringes and the Bragg wavelength of the FBGs, which are respectively assisted by frequency domain processing and Gaussian fitting of the optical spectrum. Consequently, wavelength measurement resolution of 0.5 pm is realized.
A general approach to sizing and power density equations for comparison of electrical machines

Based on the concept of power converter-fed machines (CFMs), an optimal machine design can be considered as the best match of the machine topology, the power electronic converter and the performance specification. To compare the power production potential of machines with various topologies with different waveforms of back EMF and current, a general purpose sizing equation and power density equation are needed to compare the main dimensions and power of such machines. In this paper, a general approach is presented to develop and to discuss these equations. Sample applications of the sizing and power density equations are utilized to compare the induction machine and the doubly-salient permanent magnet machine.
The Influence of Service Culture on Customer Service Quality: Local vs Foreign Service Firms in Emerging Markets

Antecedents of service quality continue to attract significant interests from both academics and practitioners. However, the role of one of such antecedents, service culture, has received limited attention in the services marketing literature, especially in the context of emerging markets. Our research, based on relevant theoretical foundations and previous empirical inquiries, seeks to explain and propose a conceptual framework of the influence of service culture on customer service quality via the mediation of employee attitudes. It also conceptualises the role of potential moderators such as cultural differences, personal relationships towards service employee attitudes and customer service quality. The paper concludes with anticipated contributions and future research directions.
COST OF EQUITY IN MALAYSIA: HAVE THEY CHANGED FOR THE BETTER OR WORSE?

Cost of equity is a crucial factor in investment decisions. Several studies document evidence for a clear decline in cost of equity following the liberalization and deregulation of world financial market. This study aims to examine the change in cost of equity for the Malaysian stock market at the sectoral level. The popular Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to measure cost of equity for the period 2000- 2006. Overall, declining cost of equity is observed for most sectors up to 2004. Finance, Trade & Service and Tin & Mining experienced the sharpest decline in cost of equity. Interestingly, Finance and Trade & Service have the largest market capitalization. The findings suggest a possible link between size and cost of equity for the Malaysian market. Sectors that are smaller in size tend to show higher cost of equity while larger sectors are most likely to enjoy a reduction in cost of equity.