Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ion gel gated polymer thin-film transistors.

We have fabricated polymer semiconductor thin-film transistors using an ion gel (ionic liquid plus triblock copolymer) as the gate dielectric layer. The gate capacitance of the ion gel can be as large as 40 μF/cm2 at 10 Hz and 2 μF/cm2 at 1 kHz. In addition, the polarization response time of the ion gel is much faster than previously tested solid polymer electrolytes, allowing the ion gel gated transistors to operate at higher frequencies (>100 Hz).
02 09 56 5 v 2 2 7 M ar 2 00 3 Supernova remnants and γ-ray sources ∗

A review of the possible relationship between γ-ray sources and supernova remnants (SNRs) is presented. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of the observational status of the problem of cosmic ray acceleration at SNR shock fronts. All positional coincidences between SNRs and unidentified γ-ray sources listed in the Third EGRET Catalog at low Galactic latitudes are discussed on a case by case basis. For several coincidences of particular interest, new CO(J=1-0) and radio continuum maps are shown, and the mass content of the SNR surroundings is determined. The contribution to the γ-ray flux observed that might come from cosmic ray particles (particularly nuclei) locally accelerated at the SNR shock fronts is evaluated. We discuss the prospects for future research in this field and remark on the possibilities for observations with forthcoming γ-ray instruments.
The Effect of Repeated Administration of Cyclophosphamide on Cytochrome P450 2B in Rats

Purpose: The prodrug cyclophosphamide (CPA) is activated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. CPA is one of the corner stones in all cancer treatment. We have studied the effect of repeated doses of CPA given at different time intervals on the mRNA, protein levels, and enzyme activity of CYPs in rats. Experimental Design: Two groups of animals (A-75 and A-150) were treated with four doses of CPA (75 and 150 mg/kg, respectively) at short time intervals (6 h). The third group of animals (B-150) was treated with 150 mg/kg at 24-h intervals. Three animals were killed 30 min after administration, and three animals immediately before the next dose. Results: CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 mRNAs were significantly induced at 6 h after each dose in group A-75 (maximum of 2100-fold and 60-fold after the third dose, respectively), whereas the mRNA levels measured at 6 h postadministration in group A-150 were 1,490-fold and 36-fold after the second dose. In group B-150, no significant induction of mRNA levels was observed. CYP2B1 and CYP2B2 protein levels also increased with increased mRNAs. Plasma levels of 4-hydroxy-CPA measured at 30 min after dose correlated well with the increase in protein levels. Conclusion: Up-regulation of CYP2B mRNA, with a concomitant increase in protein expression and activity, were observed after repeated administration of low doses of CPA compared with that found using higher doses, possibly due to toxicity counteracting induction. These results may help in designing more effective dosing schedules for CPA.
Corpus Analysis Tools for Computational Hook Discovery

Compared to studies with symbolic music data, advances in music description from audio have overwhelmingly focused on ground truth reconstruction and maximizing prediction accuracy, with only a small fraction of studies using audio description to gain insight into musical data. We present a strategy for the corpus analysis of audio data that is optimized for interpretable results. The approach brings two previously unexplored concepts to the audio domain: audio bigram distributions, and the use of corpus-relative or 'second-order' descriptors. To test the real-world applicability of our method, we present an experiment in which we model song recognition data collected in a widely-played music game. By using the proposed corpus analysis pipeline we are able to present a cognitively adequate analysis that allows a model interpretation in terms of the listening history and experience of our participants. We find that our corpus-based audio features are able to explain a comparable amount of variance to symbolic features for this task when used alone and that they can supplement symbolic features profitably when the two types of features are used in tandem. Finally, we highlight new insights into what makes music recognizable.
Ab initio study of the structural, electronic, elastic and thermal conductivity properties of SrClF with pressure effects

Abstract SrClF is an important optical crystal and can be used as pressure gauge in diamond anvil cell at high pressure. In this work, we performed a systematic study on the structural, electronic and elastic properties of SrClF under pressure, as well as its thermal conductivity, by first-principles calculation. Different exchange-correlation functionals were tested and PBESOL was finally chosen to study these properties of SrClF. Studies reveal that SrClF has a bulk modulus of about 56.2 GPa (by fitting equation of states) or 54.3 GPa (derived from elastic constants), which agree well with the experimental result. SrClF is mechanically and dynamically stable up to 50 GPa. Its elastic constants increase with the applied pressure, but its mechanical anisotropy deteriorates as the pressure increases. Investigation of its electronic properties reveals that SrClF is a direct band-gap insulator with a gap value of 5.73 eV at 0 GPa, which decreases with the increasing pressure and the reason is found by analysing the partial density of states. Based on the calculated phonon dispersion curves, thermal conductivity of SrClF is predicated. At ambient conditions, the predicted thermal conductivity is about 3.74 Wm−1 K−1, while that obtained using the simplified Slack model give a slightly larger value of 4.62 Wm−1 K−1.
Semantic Role Assignment for Event Nominalisations by Leveraging Verbal Data

This paper presents a novel approach to the task of semantic role labelling for event nominalisations, which make up a considerable fraction of predicates in running text, but are underrepresented in terms of training data and difficult to model. We propose to address this situation by data expansion. We construct a model for nominal role labelling solely from verbal training data. The best quality results from salvaging grammatical features where applicable, and generalising over lexical heads otherwise.
Self-assessment of driving ability and the decision to resume driving following stroke

The decision to resume driving after stroke can be complicated by the sequelae of stroke as well as the established finding that even healthy adults overestimate their driving ability. This study evaluated whether stroke survivors (n = 67) disproportionately overestimated their driving ability as compared to healthy significant others (n = 67). Comparison to a known target reduced self-bias among both groups, but shift toward enhanced accuracy was significantly greater among survivors than significant others. Additionally, self-bias may reflect a pervasive trait of cognitive ability, as overestimation of driving ability was paralleled on a cognitive estimation task. Use of a specific criterion can facilitate accurate self-ratings of driving ability among survivors; however, actual decisions regarding driving status may be unrelated to self-view.
The Effects of Intravenous Gabapentin Administration on the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in Cats

BACKGROUND: Gabapentin is a structural analog of &ggr;-aminobutyric acid, one of the inhibitory neurotransmitters of the mammalian central nervous system. It is increasingly being used preemptively to control postoperative pain. Therefore, its interaction with inhaled anesthetics is of clinical interest. In this study, we examined the effects of gabapentin on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in cats. We hypothesized that gabapentin would decrease the MAC of isoflurane in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS: Six cats were included in the study. Gabapentin was administered IV to achieve target plasma concentrations between 0 and 16 &mgr;g/mL and the MAC of isoflurane was determined at each gabapentin concentration. Gabapentin concentrations were quantitated by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of extracted plasma samples. MAC values at the different gabapentin plasma concentrations were analyzed by a repeated-measures analysis of variance using the Huynh-Feldt correction for violation of the sphericity assumption. RESULTS: Actual gabapentin concentrations were 0 ± 0, 1.18 ± 0.23, 2.25 ± 0.23, 4.96 ± 1.19, 10.63 ± 1.37, and 19.69 ± 3.97 &mgr;g/mL for the target concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 &mgr;g/mL, respectively. The MAC of isoflurane in this study was 2.10%± 0.13%, 2.10% ± 0.14%, 2.13% ± 0.12%, 2.06% ± 0.11%, 2.11% ± 0.15%, and 2.09% ± 0.25% at target plasma concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 &mgr;g/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that gabapentin did not have a detectable effect on the MAC of isoflurane in cats.
Timely and Non-Intrusive Active Document Annotation via Adaptive Information Extraction

The current work has been carried on in the framework of the AKT project (Advanced Knowledge Technologies, http://www.aktors.org), an Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration (IRC) sponsored by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (grant GR/N15764/01). AKT involves the Universities of Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Sheffield, Southampton and the Open University (www.aktors.org). AKT is a multimillion pound six year research project that started in 2000.
Linear assembles of BN nanosheets, fabricated in polymer/BN nanosheet composite film

Linear assembles of BN nanosheets (LABNs) were fabricated in polysiloxane/BN nanosheet composite film under a high DC electric field. The hexagonal BN nanosheets were dispersed by sonication in a prepolymer mixture of polysiloxane followed by a high-speed mixing. The homogeneous suspension was cast on a spacer of microscale thickness and applied to a high DC electric field before it became cross-linked. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and digital microscopy revealed that LABNs formed in the polysiloxane matrix and that the BN nanosheets in the LABNs were aligned perpendicular to the film plane with high anisotropy. This is the first time that linear assemblies of nanosheets have been fabricated in an organic-inorganic hybrid film by applying a DC electric field. The enhanced thermal conductivity of the composite film is attributed to the LABNs. The LABN formation and heat conduction mechanisms are discussed. The polysiloxane/BN nanosheet composite film has the potential to be used semiconductor applications that require both a high thermal conductivity and a high electric insulation.
On the security of the XOR sandwiching paradigm for multiple keyed block ciphers

While block cipher design is relatively mature, advances in computational power mean that the keylength of block ciphers, upon which the security relies entirely, becomes less resistant to cryptanalysis over time. Therefore, the security for a block cipher with a particular keylength typically is seen to last for at most some decades. One common approach to strengthen a block cipher's security is based on increasing its keylength. In the literature, two strategies have emerged: multiple keyed multiple encryption and multiple keyed XOR sandwiching. Known attacks on these such as Meet-in-the-Middle(Merkle and Hellman, 1981; van Oorschot and Wiener, 1991; Lucks, 1998) and Related-Key (J. Kelsey and Wagner, 1996; Choi et al., 1996; Vaudenay, 2011; Phan, 2004) attacks, show that Triple Encryption is significantly weaker than a brute-force attack would suggest, especially for block ciphers with small keys, such as the Data Encryption Standard (DES). This paper provides a comprehensive analysis on the security of the XOR sandwiching paradigm against known attacks for the case of multiple keyed triple encryption, without loss of generality, using DES as the underlying block cipher. In particular, we focus on DES-XEXEXEX variants, based on 2-Key and 3-Key Triple-DES, which involve performing the XOR for key-whitening before and after each encryption with an additional 64-bit key. One of the conclusions to be drawn from this work is the increased strength obtained from the XOR sandwiching paradigm while requiring little in terms of additional computational resources.
Coloring non-uniform hypergraphs: a new algorithmic approach to the general Lovász local lemma

1 I n t r o d u c t i o n The probabilistic method is used to prove the existence of objects with desirable properties by showing that a randomly chosen object from an appropriate probability distribution has the desired properties with positive probability. In most applications this probability is not only positive, but is actually high and frequently tends to 1 as the parameters of the problem tend to infinity. In such cases, the proof usually supplies an efficient randomized algorithm for producing a structure of the desired type. There are, however, certain examples, where one can prove the existence of the required combinatorial structure by probabilistic arguments that deal with rare events; events that hold with positive probability which is exponentially small in the size of the input. This happens often when using the Lov£sz Local Lemma (LLL). We state it in its general form. ~ a r c h partially supported by DFGSonderforschungsbereich 376 "Massive Parallelit~. t: Algorithmen, Entwurfsmethoden, Anwendungen. " ? Department of Mathematics & Computer Science and Heinz Nixdorf Institute. University of Paderborn, 33095 Paderborn, Germany. Email: artur@uni-paderborn.de. SDepartment of Mathematics & Computer Science and Heinz Nixdorf Institute. University of Paderborn, 33095 Paderborn, Germany. Emall: chrsch~uni-paderborn.de. LEMMA 1.1. (Lo v £ sz [8]) Let A1, . ,An be "bad" events in an arbitrary probability space. Let G be a dependency graph ]or the events A1, . , An. (That is, for every i, 1 < i < n, the event Ai is mutually independent of all the events Aj with (i , j) ~ G. ) Assume that there exist x l , . , xn E [0, 1) with P r [ A i ] < x , H ( 1 x j )
The unequal burden related to the risk of oral cancer in the different regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVES To estimate the burden and risk of oral cancer in Saudi Arabia and highlight differences between regions. METHODS Using the National Cancer Registry Saudi Arabia, data was collated on numbers of cases of oral cancer (1996-1998) by site, age group, gender and region, plus relative frequencies of all cancer cases. Using Globocan, age-standardised rate (ASR) of oral cancer in Saudi Arabia was compared with five other neighbouring countries in the region. RESULTS A total of 208 lip, mouth and tongue cancers for men and 209 for women were reported to the registry during this period. ASR of oral cancer was 1.81/100,000 for males and 2.13/100,000 for females. It was ranked 15th most common cancer for males and 11th for females, with a ratio of 1:1 and median age at diagnosis of 62 years. Very wide regional disparities in the incidence of oral cancer were found, with an almost thirty-fold difference in ASR between the regions with the lowest and highest rates. Jizan Region had the highest ASR (6.2/100,000 for males and 9.82/100,000 for females). Here oral cancer was ranked 2nd for males and 1st for females, with a ratio of 0.73:1 and the median age at diagnosis for females was lower. The third highest ASR (4.48/100,000) was found in females in Najran. In these two high incidence regions oral cancer was commonly reported on the gingiva. CONCLUSIONS Overall the burden and risk of oral cancer in Saudi Arabia are not large. However, cancer of the oral cavity is a significant public health problem for the residents of Jizan and the women of Najran. Saudi females in both these regions have a higher burden of oral cancer.
Solvent, emulsifier and drug concentration factors in poly(D,L-lactic acid) microspheres containing hexamethylmelamine

Biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres containing hexamethylmelamine (HMM) were developed for potential use in chemoembolization and intraperitoneal implantation. The emulsion-solvent-evaporation/extraction method was used to prepare 15 formulations with different drug/polymer ratios, solvent compositions and emulsifer concentrations in the continuous aqueous phase. A central composite experimental design was used, with five levels of the three different factors. All formulations resulted in the formation of discrete matrix microspheres containing crystalline drug. The mean particle sizes of the microsphere formulations ranged from 62-348 #181;m and the effect of the independent variables on microsphere size was satisfactorily predicted using response surface methodology. For theoretical drug loads of 5-40%, efficiency of entrapment ranged from 75-107% and porosities of the microspheres were between 0-6.5%. The rate of drug release from the microspheres depended on drug loading and particle size. Microspheres with 22.5% or greater theoretical drug content released drug rapidly, with almost complete release occurring in 70 h or less. Formulations with drug loading of 5% and 9.57%, however, released drug very slowly, with less than 50% released in 40 days. Release kinetics of narrow sieve cuts of microspheres with high drug load (35.4%) followed square root of time profiles.
N-[(Methylsulfanyl)methyl]benzamide

In the title compound, C9H11NOS, the phenyl ring and formamide unit make a dihedral angle of 23.93 (14)°, whereas the (methylsulfanyl)methyl group is oriented at a dihedral angle of 61.31 (8)° with respect to the phenyl ring. There are intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming C(4) chains along the [010] direction. These polymeric chains are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form polymeric sheets in the (110) plane.
New Approaches to Smart Grid Security with SCADA Systems

The use of information technology in electric power grid introduces the vulnerability problem looming the future smart grid. The supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is the first defense, which itself is undermined by potential malicious attacks. This dissertation studies two particular security threats facing the smart grid and SCADA systems: the unobservable attack and the replay attack. The former is well known in fault detection of the power grid and has received renewed interest in the past a few years, while the latter is motivated by the Stuxnet worm allegedly used against the nuclear facilities in Iran. For unobservable attacks, this dissertation adopts the dynamic state estimation approach and treats each bus of the power grid as a dynamic agent. A consensus estimation strategy is proposed to estimate the dynamic states of the power grid, based on which unobservable attacks can be effectively detected. Detection of replay attacks is harder. Two different approaches are proposed in this dissertation. The first is the whitening filter approach that converts the detection of the replay attack into an equivalent white noise detection through whitening a feedback signal. However this approach is less effective, if the replay attack does not change much the whiteness of the filtered feedback signal. Hence a second approach termed as spectrum estimation is proposed. It is shown that the spectrum of the feedback signal in presence of the replay attack can be very different from the case when the replay attack is absent. This approach improves the detection results of the former one. Both are illustrated and examined by the simulation studies.
Tweaking the Modal Properties of 1.3-$\mu{\rm m}$  Short-Cavity VCSEL—Simulation and Experiment

A modal analysis of both molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)- and metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE)-planarized short-cavity (SC) vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 1.3 μm is presented. The comparison of simulated threshold gains with experimental threshold current densities, as well as modal gain difference with side-mode suppression ratios, allows the clear identification of design-related limitations with respect to single-mode emission for different active diameters. In particular, the influence of the radial profile of the effective refractive index on the strength of index-guiding is found to depend on the regrowth-type (MBE or MOVPE). Moreover, the impact of strongly absorbing contact layers and surface relief structures on the modal properties of the fundamental mode is investigated. A design proposal for a MOVPE-regrown SC-VCSEL with optimized surface relief structure is given, predicting reduced threshold current densities and increased single-mode optical output powers.
Prediction of matrix fatigue crack initiation in notched SCS-6/Ti-15-3 metal matrix composites

Several lay-ups of SCS-6/Ti-15-3 metal matrix composites were tested in either a center hole or a double-edge-notched geometry. At different cyclic stress levels, the number of cycles required to initiate a matrix fatigue crack at the notch was recorded. A strain-life fatigue curve was developed for the Ti-15-3 matrix material. A strain-life fatigue analysis method was developed that incorporates a modified Smith, Watson, and Topper effective strain parameter to account for local stress concentration at the notch tip and thermal residual stresses in the matrix material. This analysis method was used to predict the number of cycles required for matrix crack initiation at the notches. The predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data.
PI3-kinase/Akt Pathway-Regulated Membrane Insertion of Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Underlies BDNF-Induced Pain Hypersensitivity

Central neural plasticity plays a key role in pain hypersensitivity. This process is modulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and also involves the type 1a acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC1a). However, the interactions between the BDNF receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and ASIC1a are unclear. Here, we show that deletion of ASIC1 gene suppressed the sustained mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal BDNF application in mice. In both rat spinal dorsal horn neurons and heterologous cell cultures, the BDNF/TrkB pathway enhanced ASIC1a currents via phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) cascade and phosphorylation of cytoplasmic residue Ser-25 of ASIC1a, resulting in enhanced forward trafficking and increased surface expression. Moreover, in both rats and mice, this enhanced ASIC1a activity was required for BDNF-mediated hypersensitivity of spinal dorsal horn nociceptive neurons and central mechanical hyperalgesia, a process that was abolished by intrathecal application of a peptide representing the N-terminal region of ASIC1a encompassing Ser-25. Thus, our results reveal a novel mechanism underlying central sensitization and pain hypersensitivity, and reinforce the critical role of ASIC1a channels in these processes.
A Review on Features' Robustness in High Diversity Mobile Traffic Classifications

Mobile traffics are becoming more dominant due to growing usage of mobile devices and proliferation of IoT. The influx of mobile traffics introduce some new challenges in traffic classifications; namely the diversity complexity and behavioral dynamism complexity. Existing traffic classifications methods are designed for classifying standard protocols and user applications with more deterministic behaviors in small diversity. Currently, flow statistics, payload signature and heuristic traffic attributes are some of the most effective features used to discriminate traffic classes. In this paper, we investigate the correlations of these features to the less-deterministic user application traffic classes based on corresponding classification accuracy. Then, we evaluate the impact of large-scale classification on feature's robustness based on sign of diminishing accuracy. Our experimental results consolidate the needs for unsupervised feature learning to address the dynamism of mobile application behavioral traits for accurate classification on rapidly growing mobile traffics.