Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is Schoolwide Enrichment: How Gifted Programs Relate to Total School Improvement

18 FALL 2002 • VOL. 25, NO. 4 ver the years we have been asked countless questions about the purpose of the Schoolwide Enrichment Model (SEM). Is it a model for gifted programs? Is it a model for general school improvement? Will it water down services to the gifted if you try to extend services to more students? How does SEM deal with the profoundly gifted? Are you saying that all students are gifted? How does the model deal with underachieving (unmotivated, noncreative, atrisk, twice-exceptional, etc.) gifted? Does the SEM involve grouping students by ability? By interest? By ability and interest? How does acceleration fit into the SEM? If we are using SEM do we still need a gifted program? Isn’t the SEM just a politically correct way of dealing with the question of giftedness (or equity, or inclusion, or irritated parents, or anti-gifted teachers or administrators)? Is it true that the SEM is just a way to save money? Is it true that SEM programs are far more expensive than other kinds of programs? Is the SEM just for elementary schools—what about preschool? Middle school? High school? Won’t differentiation take care of every student’s needs? The list goes on and on. Critics of the SEM have taken more than a little liberty in adding their own surplus interpretations to the purpose and meaning of the model. The answers to these questions and interpretations are both simple and complex. An attempt was made to address some of the above questions and commentary by other writers (Renzulli, 1999b). What is S c h o o l w i d e E n r i c h m e n t
Learning to Transform Linguistic Graphs

We argue in favor of the the use of labeled directed graph to represent various types of linguistic structures, and illustrate how this allows one to view NLP tasks as graph transformations. We present a general method for learning such transformations from an annotated corpus and describe experiments with two applications of the method: identification of non-local depenencies (using Penn Treebank data) and semantic role labeling (using Proposition Bank data).
An Assessment of Different Genomic Approaches for Inferring Phylogeny of Listeria monocytogenes

Background/objectives: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has proven to be a powerful subtyping tool for foodborne pathogenic bacteria like L. monocytogenes. The interests of genome-scale analysis for national surveillance, outbreak detection or source tracking has been largely documented. The genomic data however can be exploited with many different bioinformatics methods like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), core-genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST), whole-genome multi locus sequence typing (wgMLST) or multi locus predicted protein sequence typing (MLPPST) on either core-genome (cgMLPPST) or pan-genome (wgMLPPST). Currently, there are little comparisons studies of these different analytical approaches. Our objective was to assess and compare different genomic methods that can be implemented in order to cluster isolates of L. monocytogenes. Methods: The clustering methods were evaluated on a collection of 207 L. monocytogenes genomes of food origin representative of the genetic diversity of the Anses collection. The trees were then compared using robust statistical analyses. Results: The backward comparability between conventional typing methods and genomic methods revealed a near-perfect concordance. The importance of selecting a proper reference when calling SNPs was highlighted, although distances between strains remained identical. The analysis also revealed that the topology of the phylogenetic trees between wgMLST and cgMLST were remarkably similar. The comparison between SNP and cgMLST or SNP and wgMLST approaches showed that the topologies of phylogenic trees were statistically similar with an almost equivalent clustering. Conclusion: Our study revealed high concordance between wgMLST, cgMLST, and SNP approaches which are all suitable for typing of L. monocytogenes. The comparable clustering is an important observation considering that the two approaches have been variously implemented among reference laboratories.
Downlink scheduling using non-orthogonal uplink beams

Opportunistic schedulers rely on the feedback of the channel state information of users in order to perform user selection and downlink scheduling. This feedback increases with the number of users, and can lead to inefficient use of network resources and scheduling delays. We tackle the problem of feedback design, and propose a novel class of nonorthogonal codes to feed back channel state information. Users with favorable channel conditions simultaneously transmit their channel state information via non-orthogonal beams to the base station. The proposed formulation allows the base station to identify the strong users via a simple correlation process. After deriving the minimum required code length and closed-form expressions for the feedback load and downlink capacity, we show that: the proposed algorithm reduces the feedback load while matching the achievable rate of full feedback algorithms operating over a noiseless feedback channel; and the proposed codes are superior to the Gaussian codes.
Perinatal Autoimmunity in Offspring of Diabetic Parents: The German Multicenter BABY-DIAB Study: Detection of Humoral Immune Responses to Islet Antigens in Early Childhood

IDDM results from immune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic (β-cells in individuals genetically susceptible for the disease. There is evidence that the 65-kDa isoform of GAD plays a critical role in the induction of autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. In humans, it is still unclear when and to what β-cell antigens autoreactive lymphocytes become activated during early disease. We conducted a prospective study from birth, BABY-DIAB, among children of mothers with IDDM or gestational diabetes or fathers with IDDM, and we investigated the temporal sequence of antibody responses to islet cells (ICA), insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), and the protein tyrosine phosphatase IA-2/ICA512 (IA-2A). Of 1,019 children included at birth, we have currently followed 513 to the age of 9 months, 214 to the age of 2 years, and 37 to the age of 5 years. At birth, all antibody specificities were frequent in newborns of diabetic mothers but not fathers and are suggested to be transplacentally acquired because they are strongly correlated with antibody levels in their diabetic mothers. In early childhood, antibody levels were <99th percentdle of control subjects in the majority of children. However, 37 children exhibited elevated antibody levels; these were most frequently detected at the age of 2 years. The antibody prevalence at age 2 years was 2.3% for ICA, 7% for IAA, 4.2% for GADA, and 2.8% for IA-2A (8.9% positive for at least one antibody). Children of diabetic fathers were positive for at least one antibody more frequently than were children of diabetic mothers (9 months of age: 8.5 vs. 3.6% 2 years of age: 16.7 vs. 7.9%). There was no specific sequence in the appearance of positive autoantibodies, but 13 (35%) antibody-positive cases already had more than one ICA before the age of 2 years and 7 (19%) showed reactivity to three islet cell antigens before age 5 years. The presence of multiple antibodies confers high risk for the future development of diabetes; three of six children who exhibited positive antibody responses to all four antibodies tested and another child with two positive antibodies developed clinical diabetes at the ages of 13, 21, and 27 months and 5 years. We conclude that loss of tolerance to β-cell autoantigens and appearance of autoimmune phenomena occur very early in life in individuals with genetic susceptibility for IDDM. Screening programs to identify candidates for disease-prevention therapies can therefore be focused on this young agegroup, in whom the disease process may be less advanced and who may therefore be best suited to such therapies.
Clinical methods for the evaluation of endothelial function – a focus on resistance arteries

Endothelial dysfunction is a key event in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and appears as a strong independent predictor of cardiovascular events. In this context, biological evaluation of endothelial circulating markers can be helpful. However, functional tests using pharmacological stimuli appear more specific for the study of resistance arteries. These methods consist in the evaluation of the endothelium‐dependent changes in regional vascular flow in response to local infusion of substances that act through endothelial receptors without modification of systemic arterial pressure and in comparison with a non endothelium‐dependent relaxation. Flow is measured by Doppler and intravascular ultrasound in coronary circulation, laser Doppler in skin and by venous occlusion plethysmography in peripheral muscular arteries. Similar studies can be performed ex vivo using isolated resistance arteries obtained from fat subcutaneous biopsies. In addition, other information can be obtained from reactive hyperemia and the study of the flow‐mediated dilatation of conduit arteries to enable a selective and comprehensive approach of the heterogeneity of endothelial function in pathophysiology.
Folkecology, Cultural Epidemiology, and the Spirit of the Commons

Using a variation on an experimental approach from biology, we distinguish the influence of sociocultural factors from that of economic, demographic, and ecological factors in environmental management and maintenance. This is important to issues of global environmental change, where there is little empirical research into cultural effects on deforestation and land use. Findings with three groups who live in the same rainforest habitat and manifest strikingly distinct behaviors, cognitions, and social relations relative to the forest indicate that rational selfinterest and institutional constraints may not by themselves account for commons behavior and cultural patternings of cognition are significant. Only the areas last native Itza Maya (who have few cooperative institutions) show systematic awareness of ecological complexity involving animals, plants, and people and practices clearly favoring forest regeneration. Spanishspeaking immigrants prove closer to native Maya in thought, action, and social netwo.
DISCOVERY OF A 552 Hz BURST OSCILLATION IN THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY EXO 0748−676

We report the detection of pulsations at 552 Hz in the rising phase of two type-I (thermonuclear) X-ray bursts observed from the accreting neutron star EXO 0748−676 in 2007 January and December, by the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. The fractional amplitude was 15% (rms). The dynamic power density spectrum for each burst revealed an increase in frequency of ≈1–2 Hz while the oscillation was present. The frequency drift, the high significance of the detections and the almost identical signal frequencies measured in two bursts separated by 11 months, confirms this signal as a burst oscillation similar to those found in 13 other sources to date. We thus conclude that the spin frequency in EXO 0748 − 676 is within a few Hz of 552 Hz, rather than 45 Hz as was suggested from an earlier signal detection by Villarreal & Strohmayer. Consequently, Doppler broadening must significantly affect spectral features arising from the neutron star surface, so that the narrow absorption features previously reported from an XMM-Newton spectrum could not have arisen there. The origin of both the previously reported 45 Hz oscillation and the X-ray absorption lines is now uncertain.
When is the least-mean fourth algorithm mean-square stable?

We show that the least-mean fourth (LMF) and the least-mean mixed-norm (LMMN) algorithms are not mean-square stable when the input regressor is Gaussian-distributed. For the LMF algorithm, we propose an upper bound for the algorithm's probability of divergence, given the input and noise statistics, the stepsize and the filter length. We show that the upper bound can also be used for the LMMN algorithm, which is a combination of LMS and LMF.
Gene expression profile of long-lived snell dwarf mice.

To gain further insight into the basis for the extended longevity and delayed aging of Snell dwarf (dw/dw) mice, we have measured levels of expression of 2352 genes in liver of mice at 6 months of age. We find 60 genes for the which the Student's t statistic meets the arbitrary criterion of p <. 001, and among these 17 meet the Bonferroni-adjusted significance criterion at p <. 05, which corresponds to a nominal value of p <. 00002. Using the Bonferroni criterion, we find that dwarf mice show increases in liver mRNA for two mannose-binding lectins, two DNA binding proteins, serum amyloid P component, corticosteroid-binding globulin, and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, as well as decreases in a two phosphodiesterases, a pheromone-binding urinary protein, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), a calcium-binding protein calgranulin B, a deubiquitinating enzyme, a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, a DNA methyltransferase, a glycine transporter, and a placental lactogen. We also use this data set to compare the results of different suggested criteria for evaluating intergroup differences in gene expression. Of the 2352 genes examined, 524 (22%) showed a twofold difference between dwarf and normal mice, but most of these fail to meet the conventional significance criterion of p <. 05, let alone criteria that have been adjusted to compensate for multiple comparison artifacts. The list of genes that show reliable differences between dwarf and control animals provides new insights into the range of changes induced by deficiencies in growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and prolactin, and it will help to guide further studies of the pathways by which these hormone deficiencies contribute to delayed aging in these mutant mice.
Clostridial Spores in Animal Feeds and Milk

Milk conservation and its organoleptic quality are greatly affected by different microbial contaminants (Table 1). These microorganisms are present either directly on the animal, in the farm environment or on the milking equipment. Industry requirements and country regulations require that the number of bacteria in raw milk be under a specific amount, often of 100 000 bacterial cells ml-1. Recent bacterial counts from a survey in Quebec (Canada) found that most raw milk samples were under 50 000 bacterial cells ml-1 (http://www.lait.org/fichiers/RapportAnnuel/FPLQ-2010/controleQualite.pdf).
Accurate Dynamic Model of DFB lasers

Efficient and reliable models for semiconductor distributed feedback (DFB) lasers design and optimization are highly desirable. An innovative dynamic model for accurate simulations of DFB lasers is proposed in this paper. The developed algorithm is based on a system of coupled partial differential equations which is solved by the finite element method (FEM). No approximation is assumed and obtained results are affected only by the numerical error of the FEM solver. The code has been validated on the large-signal response of a typical DFB device. Keywords-laser; semiconductor laser; DFB laser; finite element method
Impact of population relocation to city commerce: micro-level estimation with agent-based model

To reduce overpopulation around Seoul, Korea, the government implemented a relocation policy of public officers by moving the government complex. This implies that there will be a negative impact to the suburban area that originally hosted the complex, but we do not know the magnitude of the impact. Therefore, this paper presents a micro-level estimation of the impact with an agent-based model. This model is calibrated using the micro-level population and time-use datasets. Agent behavior is formally specified to illustrate the model transparently so that other modelers can replicate the model. Our virtual experiment indicates that the city commerce will not be affected unless the public officers relocate with their families; if they relocate with the whole family, the impact will be significant. We provide this impact analysis at the building level to support further urban planning and public policy.
Characterization of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 delivery from injectable hyaluronan‐based hydrogels by means of 125I‐radiolabelling

This study presents a thorough in vitro and in vivo characterization of the delivery of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) from a hyaluronan‐based hydrogel system. The in vitro release of BMP‐2 from similar hydrogels has previously been studied by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by which only a fraction of the loaded protein is detected. In the current study, 125I radiolabelling was used instead to monitor BMP‐2 in vitro and in vivo. To minimize protein loss during handling, 125I‐BMP‐2 adsorption to different tubes was studied at different times and temperatures. The data showed that Protein LoBind tubes exhibited the lowest protein affinity. Furthermore, a biphasic release profile of biologically active BMP‐2 was observed both in vitro and in vivo, with the initial fast phase during the first week, followed by a slower release during the remaining 3 weeks. The initial fast‐release phase corresponded to the early bone formation observed after 8 days in an ectopic model in rats. Bone volume and mineral content increased until day 14, after which a decrease in bone volume was observed, possibly due to resorption in response to decreased amounts of released BMP‐2. Overall, the results suggested that cautious protein handling and a reliable quantification technique are essential factors for successful design of a BMP‐2 delivery system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmenting Concept Languages by Transitive Closure of Roles: An Alternative to Terminological Cycles

In Baader (1990,1990a), we have considered different types of semantics for terminologicial cycles in the concept language TLQ which allows only conjunction of concepts and value-restrictions. It turned out that greatest fixed-point semantics (gfp-semantics) seems to be most appropriate for cycles in this language. In the present paper we shall show that the concept defining facilities of FLO with cyclic definitions and gfp-semantics can also be obtained in a different way. One may replace cycles by role definitions involving union, composition, and transitive closure of roles. This proposes a way of retaining, in an extended language, the pleasant features of gfp-semantics for FLQ with cyclic definitions without running into the troubles caused by cycles in larger languages. Starting with the language ALC of Schmidt-Schaus&Smolka (1988)--which allows negation, conjunction and disjunction of concepts as well as value-restrictions and exists-in-restrictions--we shall disallow cyclic concept definitions, but instead shall add the possibility of role definitions involving union, composition, and transitive closure of roles. In contrast to other terminological KR-systems which incorporate the transitive closure operator for roles, we shall be able to give a sound and complete algorithm for concept subsumption.
A Polarized Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Model for Calculations of Spectra of the Stokes Parameters of Shortwave Radiation Based on the Line-by-Line and Monte Carlo Methods

This paper presents a new version of radiative transfer model called the Fast Line-by-Line Model (FLBLM), which is based on the Line-by-Line (LbL) and Monte Carlo (MC) methods and rigorously treats particulate and molecular scattering alongside absorption. The advantage of this model consists in the use of the line-by-line model that allows for the computing of high-resolution spectra quite quickly. We have developed the model by taking into account the polarization state of light and carried out some validations by comparison against benchmark results. FLBLM calculates the Stokes parameters spectra of shortwave radiation in vertically inhomogeneous atmospheres. This update makes the model applicable for the assessment of cloud and aerosol influence on radiances as measured by the SW high-resolution polarization spectrometers. In sample results we demonstrate that the high-resolution spectra of the Stokes parameters contain more detailed information about clouds and aerosols than the medium- and low-resolution spectra wherein lines are not resolved. The presented model is rapid enough for many practical applications (e.g., validations) and might be useful especially for the remote sensing. FLBLM is suitable for development of the reliable technique for retrieval of optical and microphysical properties of clouds and aerosols from high-resolution satellites data.
Evolution and Phylogeography of the Nonpathogenic Calicivirus RCV-A1 in Wild Rabbits in Australia

ABSTRACT Despite its potential importance for the biological control of European rabbits, relatively little is known about the evolution and molecular epidemiology of rabbit calicivirus Australia 1 (RCV-A1). To address this issue we undertook an extensive evolutionary analysis of 36 RCV-A1 samples collected from wild rabbit populations in southeast Australia between 2007 and 2009. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the entire capsid sequence, six clades of RCV-A1 were defined, each exhibiting strong population subdivision. Strikingly, our estimates of the time to the most recent common ancestor of RCV-A1 coincide with the introduction of rabbits to Australia in the mid-19th century. Subsequent divergence events visible in the RCV-A1 phylogenies likely reflect key moments in the history of the European rabbit in Australia, most notably the bottlenecks in rabbit populations induced by the two viral biocontrol agents used on the Australian continent, myxoma virus and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). RCV-A1 strains therefore exhibit strong phylogeographic separation and may constitute a useful tool to study recent host population dynamics and migration patterns, which in turn could be used to monitor rabbit control in Australia.
NEST: NEtwork Server Tool

NEST (network server tool) can be used to automatically generate code infrastructure for TCP-based network servers. It uses a specification language to describe client-server interaction and state transitions within the server. This specification language has some similarities to the compiler tools Lex and Yacc, and its design makes network server specification straightforward. One of the main features of NEST is that it can generate three different types of server from the same basic specification: process-based, threaded, and event-driven. Our performance results show that we can produce server code for all three models which is competitive with established, highly-tuned servers
A Galois connection semantics-based approach for deriving generic bases of association rules

Resume. L’augmentation vertigineuse de la taille des donnees (textuelles ou transactionnelles) est un defi constant pour la ”scalabilite” des techniques d’extraction des connaissances. Dans ce papier, on presente une approche pour la derivation des bases generiques de regles associatives. Les principales caracteristiques de cette approches sont les suivantes. D’une part, l’introduction d’une structure de donnees appelee ”Trie-itemset” pour le stockage de la relation en entree. D’autre part, on utilise une methode ”Diviser pour regner” pour reduire le cout de construction de structures partiellement ordonnees, a partir desquelles les bases generiques de regles sont directement extraites.