Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structured illumination of the interface between centriole and peri-centriolar material

The increase in centrosome size in mitosis was described over a century ago, and yet it is poorly understood how centrioles, which lie at the core of centrosomes, organize the pericentriolar material (PCM) in this process. Now, structured illumination microscopy reveals in Drosophila that, before clouds of PCM appear, its proteins are closely associated with interphase centrioles in two tube-like layers: an inner layer occupied by centriolar microtubules, Sas-4, Spd-2 and Polo kinase; and an outer layer comprising Pericentrin-like protein (Dplp), Asterless (Asl) and Plk4 kinase. Centrosomin (Cnn) and γ-tubulin associate with this outer tube in G2 cells and, upon mitotic entry, Polo activity is required to recruit them together with Spd-2 into PCM clouds. Cnn is required for Spd-2 to expand into the PCM during this maturation process but can itself contribute to PCM independently of Spd-2. By contrast, the centrioles of spermatocytes elongate from a pre-existing proximal unit during the G2 preceding meiosis. Sas-4 is restricted to the microtubule-associated, inner cylinder and Dplp and Cnn to the outer cylinder of this proximal part. γ-Tubulin and Asl associate with the outer cylinder and Spd-2 with the inner cylinder throughout the entire G2 centriole. Although they occupy different spatial compartments on the G2 centriole, Cnn, Spd-2 and γ-tubulin become diminished at the centriole upon entry into meiosis to become part of PCM clouds.
Exploring the Meaning of Significance in Experimental Economics

Null Hypothesis Significance Testing has been widely used in the experimental economics literature. Typically, attention is restricted to type-I-errors. We demonstrate that not taking type-II errors into account is problematic. We also provide evidence, for one prominent area in experimental economics (dictator game experiments), that most studies are severely underpowered, suggesting that their findings are questionable. We then illustrate with several examples how poor (no) power planning can lead to questionable results.
Environmental Impact of Flame Retardants (Persistence and Biodegradability)

Flame-retardants (FR) are a group of anthropogenic environmental contaminants used at relatively high concentrations in many applications. Currently, the largest market group of FRs is the brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Many of the BFRs are considered toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative. Bioremediation of contaminated water, soil and sediments is a possible solution for the problem. However, the main problem with this approach is the lack of knowledge concerning appropriate microorganisms, biochemical pathways and operational conditions facilitating degradation of these chemicals at an acceptable rate. This paper reviews and discusses current knowledge and recent developments related to the environmental fate and impact of FRs in natural systems and in engineered treatment processes.
Rough and Tumble Play and Gender in Kindergarten: Perceptions of Kindergarten Teachers

The first purpose of this research, which was carried out using questionnaire and semi-structures interview, was to examine the types of Rough and Tumble Play (RTP) that are played in the Greek kindergarten school. The second aim of this study was to identify the kindergarten teachers' perceptions on RTP as well as their reactions in the cases that pupils are engaged in RTP in their schools. The types of RTP that pinpointed in the Greek kindergarten schools were verbal teasing, punching and hitting with or without physical contact, fighting/wrestling, pile on, chasing, spinning, tickling, rolling around, open hand slapping and protect - rescue games. The findings of the research, in which 67 female kindergarten teachers took part, suggested that the forms of RTP that include competition and intense physical contact are played almost exclusively by boys. More specifically these types of RTP are fighting/wrestling, punching and hitting, open hand slapping and pile on, which, according to the kindergarten teachers, correspond to boys and they put them in the list of the forbidden plays, as reported by the school rules they establish in their schools. Thus, when the kindergarten teachers realize that their students play some of the specific RTP intervene in order to stop it, so that there is not a possibility of injury.
Refuting Unique Game Conjecture

In this short note, the author shows that the gap problem of some $k$-CSPs with the support of its predicate the ground of a balanced pairwise independent distribution can be solved by a modified version of Hast's Algorithm BiLin that calls Charikar\&Wirth's SDP algorithm for two rounds in polynomial time, when $k$ is sufficiently large, the support of its predicate is combined by the grounds of three biased homogeneous distributions and the three biases satisfy certain conditions. To conclude, the author refutes Unique Game Conjecture, assuming $P\ne NP$.
Reversal of age-related neural timing delays with training

Neural slowing is commonly noted in older adults, with consequences for sensory, motor, and cognitive domains. One of the deleterious effects of neural slowing is impairment of temporal resolution; older adults, therefore, have reduced ability to process the rapid events that characterize speech, especially in noisy environments. Although hearing aids provide increased audibility, they cannot compensate for deficits in auditory temporal processing. Auditory training may provide a strategy to address these deficits. To that end, we evaluated the effects of auditory-based cognitive training on the temporal precision of subcortical processing of speech in noise. After training, older adults exhibited faster neural timing and experienced gains in memory, speed of processing, and speech-in-noise perception, whereas a matched control group showed no changes. Training was also associated with decreased variability of brainstem response peaks, suggesting a decrease in temporal jitter in response to a speech signal. These results demonstrate that auditory-based cognitive training can partially restore age-related deficits in temporal processing in the brain; this plasticity in turn promotes better cognitive and perceptual skills.
O estudo linguistico-computacional da linguagem

Desde a sua introducao na cultura ocidental no inicio dos anos 40 os computadores nao so vem contribuindo para avancos substantivos nos diversos campos do conhecimento cientifico como tambem tem sido responsaveis pelo desenvolvimento e pela abertura de novas frentes de pesquisa que sem eles nao teriam sido cogitadas. Capazes de subsidiar a resolucao rapida e precisa de uma infinidade de problemas cientificos complexos, de substituir o homem em tarefas arriscadas, repetitivas e estafantes, de auxiliar o usuario comum nas tarefas cotidianas e de proporcionar lazer e entretenimento a usuarios de todas as idades, essas maquinas, admiradas por uns, ignoradas por outros e, ate mesmo, temidas por muitos, estao por toda parte e viabilizaram a surpreendente “revolucao da informacao” iniciada no final do milenio e responsavel pela massa de dados que circula pela intrincada rede de computadores que, hoje, materializa-se, sobretudo, na Internet. Dentre os grandes desafios que essas maquinas lancaram aos seus arquitetos, destaca-se o desafio de se criar meios para tornar a comunicacao homem-maquina mais natural e intuitiva. Uma das solucoes para esse desafio, e, hoje, implementada em todos os computadores, sao as interfaces graficas e multicoloridas que servem para mediatizar a comunicacao com o computador. Essas interfaces sao compostas por milhares de linhas de codigo de maquina capazes de codificar as instrucoes necessarias para fazer com que o computador realize tarefas em termos de objetos graficos, isto e, em termos de janelas, icones, menus, caixas de dialogo, imagens, entre
Effects of fermentation time on in vivo/in vitro relationships.

The effects of six fermentation times, 24 through 84 h at 12 h intervals, were studied on in vivo/in vitro relationships and repeatability and variability of in vitro technique. Three stages of maturity each of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, rye-grass, sorghum-sudan, alfalfa, and orchardgrass were used. For one fermentation time for all types of forages, a 48-h fermentation demonstrated the smallest variation among runs and the least run X forage interaction. However, the optimum fermentation for perennials as a group was 60 h; and for annuals, legumes, and temperate grasses it was 36 h. Further studies in vitro compared a 48-h fermentation for all types of forage with 36 h for annuals and 60 h for perennials. Forty-eight forages, including 20 annuals and 28 perennials, were digested in vitro during three runs. With the 48-h fermentation, forages accounted for 86.43% of the total variation, runs 6.80%, and run X forage interaction 6.44%. Variation due to runs was reduced to . 33%, and run X forage interaction to . 90%, for a combined 36- and 60-h fermentation for annuals and perennials, respectively. Variation due to forage was increased to 98.53%.
Perspectives on adults learning mathematics : research and practice

Acknowledgements. Preface. Introduction D. Coben, et al. Review of Research on Adults Learning Mathematics G.E. FitzSimons, G.L. Godden. Section I: Perspectives on Research on Adults Learning Mathematics D. Coben. Mathematics or Common Sense? Researching 'Invisible' Mathematics through Adults' Mathematics Life Histories D. Coben. Researching Adults' Knowledge Through Piagetian Clinical Exploration - the case of domestic work J.C. Llorente. Understanding their Thinking: the tension between the Cognitive and the Affective J. Duffin, A. Simpson. Understanding their Thinking: the tension between the Cognitive and the Affective J. Duffin, A. Simpson. Section II: Adults, Mathematics, Culture and Society J. O'Donoghue. Mathematics: Certainty in an Uncertain World? R. Benn. Ethnomathematics and Political Struggles G. Knijnik. Statistical Literacy: Conceptual and Instructional issues I. Gal. The roles of feelings and logic and their interaction in the solution of everyday problems D. Colwell. Section III: Adults, Mathematics and Work G. FitzSimons. Women, Mathematics and Work M. Harris. Technology, Competences and Mathematics T. Wedege. Mathematics and the Vocational Education and Training System G.E. FitzSimons. Section IV: Perspectives in Teaching Adults Mathematics J. O'Donoghue. Algebra for Adult Students: the Student Voices K. Safford. Exploration and Modelling in a University Mathematics Course: Perceptions of Adult Students B.J. Miller-Reilly. Assessing Numeracy J. O'Donoghue. Adult Mathematics and Everyday Life: Building Bridges and Facilitating Learning 'Transfer' J. Evans. Teaching 'not less than maths, but more': an overview of recent developments in adult numeracy teacher development in England -- with a sidelong glance at Australia D. Coben, N. Chanda. Postscript: Some Thoughts on Paulo Freire's Legacy for Adults Learning Mathematics D. Coben. Index.
An Control Method to Man-machine Systems with Brain Machine Interface

In this paper, a new control method to man machine systems with BMI (brain machine interface) is discussed. The man machine systems to support the paralyzed patients is especially targeted. Then, the following assumptions are put on the man-machine systems. In norml circumstances, the system is controlled automatically and the BMI is not worked. The BMI signals are only used for the emergency situation. It works as a trigger of the switch of control law. Since human’s brain waves resulting from cerebral activity are considered to be effective triger signal of emergency situations in the man-machine systems. Under these assumptions, the new control method is proposed. The method based on the RHC (receding horizon control) and the adaptive DA converter is considered to effective for the system to which the switch of control law is indispensable. Some numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Key–Words: Man-machine systems, EEG (Electrocorticogram), BMI (Brain machine interface), RHC (Receding horizon control), DA converter
A brief review: assistive technology and autism, a proposal for virtual tools for improved communication and emotional recognition

Autism is a condition that affects over one percent of the population, and is a condition that has varying degrees of severity. There currently exist various therapies to help people with autism communicate effectively. As a result some researchers and schools have expanded this provision by creating virtual tools to assist the communication process and allow a greater level of independence and generalization. Therefore, this brief paper aims to present a review of literature surrounding assistive technology, augmentative and alternative communication and autism, and how these fields of knowledge can be better understood to help develop virtual tools – more specifically a virtual world.
Connecting single conductive polymers to a single functional molecule

We have developed a method using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) probe tip to control the chain polymerization of diacetylene compounds in a self-ordered layer, thereby creating conjugated polydiacetylene nanowires. When a small amount of phthalocyanine was deposited on a molecular layer of diacetylene compound, we found adsorbed and stabilized phthalocyanine single molecules. The initiation of chain polymerization on the diacetylene molecular row to which the single phthalocyanine molecule was adsorbed was also demonstrated.
THE ANXIOLYTIC EFFECTS OF EXERCISE AND MINDFULNESS

Problem Statement and Background: Anxiety is prevalent and associated with high comorbidity and reduced quality of life. The efficacy of disseminable, inexpensive methods of anxiety management need to be studied. Such methods, including exercise (EX) and mindfulness practice (MP), have been shown to be effective compared to traditional treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or pharmaceuticals. However, there is limited work investigating these methods, or their combination, in an anxious population. Methods: Females (N = 970) were screened from the university population to identify those with high levels of anxiety (≥ 3 on GAD-2 screen). Fifty-six anxious females (M age = 19.3 yrs) were recruited to participate in one of four randomized 20-min conditions in a 2x2 design using acute bouts of mindfulness (MP) and/or exercise (EX). The conditions included: EX+MP; EX+distraction video (noMP); noEX+MP and noEX+noMP. The STAI-Y was used to measure state and trait anxiety. A 2x2 repeated measures ANOVA was used to test the effects of EX, MP, and their interaction on state anxiety at baseline, and immediately-, 5-, 10-, and 20 mins posttask. Follow-up ANCOVAs were used to test differences between groups at each time point, while controlling for baseline anxiety. Results: There were no evident interaction effects, but there were significant main effects of MP [F(2.73,142)=7.71, p<. 05, partial ɳ=. 13], EX [F(2.73,142)=5.03, p<. 05, partial ɳ=. 09], and time [F(2.73,142)=18.71, p<. 05, partial ɳ=. 27] on state anxiety. Follow-up ANCOVAs showed that the MP groups had significantly lower anxiety than the noMP groups immediately after the task [M=30.14, SD=7.05 vs. M=35.07, SD=9.77; F(1,53)=16.71, p<. 001, partial ɳ=. 24], and 5 min post-task [M=30.12, SD=7.55 vs. M=34.29, SD=9.94; F(1,53)=11.23, p=. 001, partial ɳ=. 18]. The EX groups had significantly higher anxiety (M=35.17, SD=9.58) than the noEX groups [M=29.65, SD = 6.86; F(1,53)=6.79, p<. 05, partial ɳ=. 11]. Conclusions: Overall, mindfulness practice had the greatest anxiolytic effect. Although there were reductions in state anxiety in the EX groups, the effects were notably stronger immediately post-task in those who did not exercise (noEX+MP and noEX+noMP). This was surprising given the previous research, but we did find that those who exercised and watched the video were significantly more anxious than those exercising who engaged in the mindfulness practice immediately and 5 minutes after exercise. Future studies should investigate exercise and mindfulness treatments over more variable timeframes, and at different intensities to further explicate the dynamics of these disseminable anxiety management strategies.
On-sky performance of the QACITS pointing control technique with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph

Context. A vortex coronagraph is now available for high contrast observations with the Keck/NIRC2 instrument at L band. The vortex coronagraph uses a vortex phase mask in a focal plane and a Lyot stop in a downstream pupil plane to provide high contrast at small angular separations from the observed host star. Aims. Reaching the optimal performance of the coronagraph requires fine control of the wavefront incident on the phase mask. In particular, centering errors can lead to significant stellar light leakage that degrades the contrast performance and prevents the observation of faint planetary companions around the observed stars. It is thus critical to correct for the possible slow drift of the star image from the phase mask center, generally due to mechanical flexures induced by temperature and/or gravity field variation, or to misalignment between the optics that rotate in pupil tracking mode. Methods. A control loop based on the QACITS algorithm for the vortex coronagraph has been developed and deployed for the Keck/NIRC2 instrument. This algorithm executes the entire observing sequence, including the calibration steps, initial centering of the star on the vortex center, and stabilisation during the acquisition of science frames. Results. On-sky data show that the QACITS control loop stabilizes the position of the star image down to 2.4 mas rms at a frequency of about 0.02 Hz. However, the accuracy of the estimator is probably limited by a systematic error due to a misalignment of the Lyot stop with respect to the entrance pupil, estimated to be on the order of 4.5 mas. A method to reduce the amplitude of this bias down to 1 mas is proposed. Conclusions. The QACITS control loop has been successfully implemented and provides a robust method to center and stabilize the star image on the vortex mask. In addition, QACITS ensures a repeatable pointing quality and significantly improves the observing efficiency compared to manual operations. It is now routinely used for vortex coronagraph observations at Keck/NIRC2, providing contrast and angular resolution capabilities suited for exoplanet and disk imaging.
Targetable Named Entity Recognition in Social Media

We present a novel approach for recognizing what we call targetable named entities; that is, named entities in a targeted set (e.g, movies, books, TV shows). Unlike many other NER systems that need to retrain their statistical models as new entities arrive, our approach does not require such retraining, which makes it more adaptable for types of entities that are frequently updated. For this preliminary study, we focus on one entity type, movie title, using data collected from Twitter. Our system is tested on two evaluation sets, one including only entities corresponding to movies in our training set, and the other excluding any of those entities. Our final model shows F1-scores of 76.19% and 78.70% on these evaluation sets, which gives strong evidence that our approach is completely unbiased to any particular set of entities found during training.
Relevance of telomere/telomerase system impairment in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Several studies have proposed telomere length and telomerase activity as prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), whereas information addressing the role of telomere‐associated genes is limited. We measured relative telomere length (RTL) and TERT expression levels in purified peripheral CD19+ B‐cells from seven healthy donors and 77 untreated CLLs in early stage disease (Binet A). Data were correlated with the major biological and cytogenetic markers, global DNA methylation (Alu and LINE‐1), and clinical outcome. The expression profiles of telomere‐associated genes were also investigated. RTL was decreased in CLLs as compared with controls (P < 0.001); within CLL, a progressive and significant RTL shortening was observed in patients from 13q‐ through +12, 11q‐, and 17p‐ alterations; short telomeres were significantly associated with unmutated IGHV configuration and global DNA hypomethylation. Decreased RTL was associated with a shorter time to first treatment. A significant upregulation of POT1, TRF1, RAP1, MRE11A, RAD50, and RPA1 transcript levels was observed in CLLs compared with controls. Our study suggests that impairment of telomere/telomerase system represents an early event in CLL pathogenesis. Moreover, the correlation between telomere shortening and global DNA hypomethylation supports the involvement of DNA hypomethylation to increase chromosome instability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Who takes the lead? A multi-source diary study on leadership, work engagement, and job performance

Transformational leadership is associated with a range of positive outcomes. Yet, according to substitutes for leadership theory, there may be circumstances under which it is difficult, if not impossible, for leaders to inspire and challenge their employees. Therefore, we hypothesize that transformational leadership behaviors as well as employee self-leadership strategies contribute to employee work engagement and job performance. Furthermore, we hypothesize that transformational leadership behaviors are more effective when employees have a high need for leadership, whereas self-leadership strategies are more effective when employees have a low need for leadership. A sample of 57 unique leader-employee dyads filled out a quantitative diary survey at the end of each week, for a period of five weeks. The results of multilevel structural equation modeling showed that employees were more engaged in their work and received higher performance ratings from their leader when leaders used more transformational leadership behaviors, and when employees used more self-leadership strategies. Furthermore, we showed that transformational leadership behaviors were more effective when employees had a high (vs. low) need for leadership and that the opposite was true for employee self-leadership. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of employees in the transformational leadership process.
Spatiotemporal Structure of Nonlinear Subunits in Macaque Visual Cortex

The primate visual system is arranged hierarchically, starting from the retina and continuing through a series of extrastriate visual areas. Selectivity for motion is first found in individual neurons in the primate visual cortex (V1), in which many simple cells respond selectively to the direction and speed of moving stimuli. Beyond simple cells, most studies of direction selectivity have focused on either V1 complex cells or neurons in the middle temporal area (MT/V5). To understand how visual information is transferred along this pathway, we have studied all three types of neurons, using a reverse correlation procedure to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution maps of activity for different motion stimuli. Most complex and MT cells showed strong second-order interactions, indicating that they were tuned for particular displacements of an apparent motion stimulus. The spatiotemporal structure of these interactions showed a high degree of similarity between the populations of V1 complex cells and MT cells, in terms of the spatiotemporal limits and preferences for motion and their two-dimensional spatial structure. Much of the structure in the V1 and MT second-order kernels could be accounted for on the basis of the first-order responses of V1 simple cells, under the assumption of a Reichardt or motion-energy type of computation.