Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Route Search with the Coverage of Users' Preferences

The preferences of users are important in route search and planning. For example, when a user plans a trip within a city, their preferences can be expressed as keywords shopping mall, restaurant, and museum, with weights 0.5, 0.4, and 0.1, respectively. The resulting route should best satisfy their weighted preferences. In this paper, we take into account the weighted user preferences in route search, and present a keyword coverage problem, which finds an optimal route from a source location to a target location such that the keyword coverage is optimized and that the budget score satisfies a specified constraint. We prove that this problem is NP-hard. To solve this complex problem, we propose an optimal route search based on an A* variant for which we have defined an admissible heuristic function. The experiments conducted on real-world datasets demonstrate both the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed algorithms.
Heat stress causes oxidative stress but not inflammatory signaling in porcine skeletal muscle

Heat stress is associated with death and other maladaptions including muscle dysfunction and impaired growth across species. Despite this common observation, the molecular effects leading to these pathologic changes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which heat stress disrupted redox balance and initiated an inflammatory response in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle. Female pigs (5–6/group) were subjected to thermoneutral (20 °C) or heat stress (35 °C) conditions for 1 or 3 days and the semitendinosus removed and dissected into red (STR) and white (STW) portions. After 1 day of heat stress, relative abundance of proteins modified by malondialdehyde, a measure of oxidative damage, was increased 2.5-fold (P < 0.05) compared with thermoneutral in the STR but not the STW, before returning to thermoneutral conditions following 3 days of heat stress. This corresponded with increased catalase and superoxide dismutase-1 gene expression (P < 0.05) and superoxide dismutase-1 protein abundance (P < 0.05) in the STR but not the STW. In the STR catalase and total superoxide dismutase activity were increased by ~30% and ~130%, respectively (P < 0.05), after 1 day of heat stress and returned to thermoneutral levels by day 3. One or 3 days of heat stress did not increase inflammatory signaling through the NF-κB pathway in the STR or STW. These data suggest that oxidative muscle is more susceptible to heat stress-mediated changes in redox balance than glycolytic muscle during chronic heat stress.
Recency Effects In Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Impact of Coping Style

The present study examines the incremental effects of interpersonal andinformational justice over three time periods on organizational citizenship behavior(OCB). Fairness heuristic theory and uncertainty management theory are used toexamine whether initial justice perceptions are consistently influential over time onOCB creating a primacy effect, or if later justice perceptions are more influentialon OCB than initial ones creating a recency effect. Results indicate a possiblerecency effect in longitudinal justice perceptions. Additionally, two individualcoping styles, approach and avoidance, were examined as moderators of the justice/OCB relationship. It was hypothesized that higher levels of avoidance coping wouldmake justice perceptions more influential in predicting OCB, but higher levels ofapproach coping would make justice perceptions less influential in predicting OCB.The hypotheses were mostly supported for OCB directed toward individuals, but notfor OCB directed toward the organization.
Simultaneous and Sequential Auctions of

This paper compares two procedures for allocating multiple oligopoly licenses to firms with independent marginal costs: a simultaneous “pay-your-bid” auction and a sequential first-price auction, where the winning bids are announced at the end of each round. When the winners’ marginal costs are truthfully revealed after the auction, so that the information their bids convey cannot affect the market competition, the two schemes are allocation and revenue equivalent. In the sequential auction, however, the firms bid in a more informed manner. As a result, the weaker (ex post) of the two oligopolists can win his license at a lower price than the one he would pay in the simultaneous auction. Conversely, the stronger oligopolist pays a higher price. Hence, the sequential auction results in a more equal distribution of the wealth generated by the oligopolistic market. In addition, it eliminates the possibility of winner’s regret, that is, of gaining a license at a price that exceeds its eventual value. When the winners’ marginal costs have to be inferred from their bids in the auction, it is possible for the firms to enhance their market profits by signaling a different type. In this case, our results extend only in the case of the Cournot oligopoly, in which the firms are better-off overstating their strength. In the Bertrand oligopoly, in which the firms’ signaling incentives are negative, a separating equilibrium exists only in the simultaneous auction. JEL Classification: D43, D44, D62.
Representing GeoData for Tourism with Schema.org

A large amount of tourism data on the web, representing different touristic services, refers to information which is geographically located. With the intensive development of artificial intelligence, interest in the annotation of data is continuously increasing. It is therefore important to describe all tourist needs. To be understandable to search engines, chatbots or other personal assistant systems, content data should be structured, well-formed and semantically consistent. Schema.org is a de-facto standard for marking up structured data on the web. In this paper we show how to annotate geographical information related to different touristic services and activities (e.g. hotels, restaurants, events, hiking and climbing trails) available on an interactive map using the schema.org vocabulary.
Bayesian Spiking Neurons I: Inference

We show that the dynamics of spiking neurons can be interpreted as a form of Bayesian inference in time. Neurons that optimally integrate evidence about events in the external world exhibit properties similar to leaky integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-dependent adaptation and maximally respond to fluctuations of their input. Spikes signal the occurrence of new informationwhat cannot be predicted from the past activity. As a result, firing statistics are close to Poisson, albeit providing a deterministic representation of probabilities.
Hydroxyapatite-coated implant: Clinical prognosis assessment via a retrospective follow-up study for the average of 3 years

PURPOSE This research evaluated clinical outcomes of two types of hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants: OT (Osstem TS III-HA, Osstem implant Co., Busan, Korea) and ZM (Zimmer TSV-HA, Zimmer dental, Carlsbad, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was conducted on 303 implants (89 of OT, 214 of ZM), which were placed from January 16, 2010 to December 20, 2012. The prognosis was evaluated in terms of success rates, survival rates, annual marginal bone loss, and implant stability quotients (ISQ). The samples were classified into immediate, early, conventional, and delayed groups according to the loading time. RESULTS Overall, there were no significant differences between OT and ZM in success rates, survival rates, and annual marginal bone loss, except for the result of secondary stability. OT showed 77.83 ± 8.23 ISQ, which was marginally higher than 76.09 ± 6.90 ISQ of ZM (P<.05). In terms of healing periods, only immediate loading showed statistically significant differences (P<.05). Differences between OT and ZM were observed in terms of two indices, the annual marginal bone loss (0.17 ± 0.58 mm/year < 0.45 ± 0.80 mm/year) and secondary stability (84.36 ± 3.80 ISQ > 82.48 ± 3.69 ISQ) (P<.05). OT and ZM did not have any statistically significant differences in early, conventional, and delayed loading (P>.05). CONCLUSION OT (97.75%) and ZM (98.50%) showed relatively good outcomes in terms of survival rates. In general, OT and ZM did not show statistically significant differences in most indices (P>.05), although OT performed marginally better than ZM in the immediate loading and 1-stage surgery (P<.05).
Document expansion using relevant web documents for spoken document retrieval

Recently, automatic indexing of a spoken document using a speech recognizer attracts attention. However, index generation from an automatic transcription has many problems because the automatic transcription has many recognition errors and Out-Of-Vocabulary words. To solve this problem, we propose a document expansion method using Web documents. To obtain important keywords which included in the spoken document but lost by recognition errors, we acquire Web documents relevant to the spoken document. Then, an index of the spoken document is generated by combining an index that generated from the automatic transcription and the Web documents. We propose a method for retrieval of relevant documents, and the experimental result shows that the retrieved Web document contained many OOV words. Next, we propose a method for combining the recognized index and the Web index. The experimental result shows that the index of the spoken document generated by the document expansion was closer to an index from the manual transcription than the index generated by the conventional method. Finally, we conducted a spoken document retrieval experiment, and the document-expansion-based index gave better retrieval precision than the conventional indexing method.
Modeling and evaluation of image quality in wireless surveillance networks

This paper studies the security image quality attained in streaming video over wireless networks under different packet error models. Wireless video sensor networks are becoming common place due to increasing crime rates and growing terrorist activities. A crucial requirement for video surveillance technology especially for real-time monitoring is that the video quality must not fall below a certain threshold so that objects and events in these videos could be identified and properly interpreted by viewers. However, the time varying transmission characteristics of the wireless channel and limited throughput can lead to poor performance of multimedia traffic over wireless networks. As a result, the end user may perceive jerky motions, frame freezes, and missing segments which may affect their ability to recognize objects and effectively analyze the scenes. An experimental set-up required for wireless network surveillance using IEEE 802. is described. The authors adopt subjective user tests to study the degree of identification of objects and events in security videos generated from camera security systems and subjected to wireless channel packet loss conditions to benchmark identification in the degraded sequences. Packet loss conditions were introduced into the sequences using NS-2 network simulator.
Full Text Search of Web Archive Collections

The Internet Archive, in cooperation with the International Internet Preservation Consortium, is developing an open source full text search of Web archive collections. Web archive collection search presents the usual set of technical difficulties searching large collections of documents. It also introduces new challenges often at odds with typical search engine usage. This paper outlines the challenges and describes adaptation of an open source search engine, Nutch, to Web archive collection search. Statistics and observations indexing and searching small to medium-sized collections are presented. We close with a sketch of how we intend to tackle the main limitation, scaling archive collection search above the current ceiling of approximately 100 million documents.
Using a Hidden-Markov Model in Semi-Automatic Indexing of Historical Handwritten Records

Indexing of historical records is a process that uses human effort to read text images and convert them into a machine readable format that facilitates search. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has been using volunteers to index millions of microfilm images of genealogy records collected throughout the world. This indexing process is time-consuming. We adapt a technique for holistic handwritten word recognition originally published by Victor Lavrenko et al., and use it to semi-automatically index US census record images to improve the efficiency of the manual indexing process used in the LDS Church's "Internet Indexing" project. The data used for this project differs from Lavrenko's paper in that we recognized words in three columns of a structured census image instead of unconstrained handwritten words. The approach resulted in 90% accuracy for the chosen columns using as little as one page of manually indexed training data.
Neurolinguistic Approach to Vector Representation of Medical Concepts

Putative brain processes responsible for understanding language are based on spreading activation in semantic networks, providing enhanced representations that involve concepts not found directly in the text. Approximation of this process is of great practical and theoretical interest. Vector model should reflect activations of various concepts in the brain spreading through associative network. Medical ontologies are used to select concepts of specific semantic type and add to each of them related concepts, providing expanded vector representations. The process is constrained by selection of useful extensions for the classification task. Short hospital discharge summaries are used to illustrate how this process works on a real, very noisy data. Results show significantly improved clustering and classification accuracy. A practical approach to mapping of associative networks of the brain involved in processing of specific concepts is presented.
Real-time object classification and novelty detection for collaborative video surveillance

To conduct real-time video surveillance using low-cost commercial off-the-shelf hardware, system designers typically define the classifiers prior to the deployment of the system so that the performance of the system can be optimized for a particular mission. This implies the system is restricted to interpreting activity in the environment in terms of the original context specified. Ideally the system should allow the user to provide additional context in an incremental fashion as conditions change. Given the volumes of data produced by the system, it is impractical for the user to periodically review and label a significant fraction of the available data. We explore a strategy for designing a real-time object classification process that aids the user in identifying novel, informative examples for efficient incremental learning.
Increased Gut Permeability and Bacterial Translocation after Chronic Chlorpyrifos Exposure in Rats

The epithelium's barrier function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and preventing the passage of food antigens and luminal bacteria. This function is essentially subserved by tight junctions (TJs), multiprotein complexes located in the most apical part of the lateral membrane. Some gastrointestinal disease states are associated with elevated intestinal permeability to macromolecules. In a study on rats, we determined the influence of chronic, daily ingestion of chlorpyrifos (CPF, a pesticide that crosses the placental barrier) during pre- and postnatal periods on intestinal permeability and TJ characteristics in the pups. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran was used as a marker of paracellular transport and mucosal barrier dysfunction. Pups were gavaged with FITC-dextran solution and blood samples were collected every 30 min for 400 min and analyzed spectrofluorimetrically. At sacrifice, different intestinal segments were resected and prepared for analysis of the transcripts (qPCR) and localization (using immunofluorescence) of ZO-1, occludin and claudins (scaffolding proteins that have a role in the constitution of TJs). In rats that had been exposed to CPF in utero and after birth, we observed a progressive increase in FITC-dextran passage across the epithelial barrier from 210 to 325 min at day 21 after birth (weaning) but not at day 60 (adulthood). At both ages, there were significant changes in intestinal TJ gene expression, with downregulation of ZO-1 and occludin and upregulation of claudins 1 and 4. In some intestinal segments, there were changes in the cellular localization of ZO-1 and claudin 4 immunostaining. Lastly, bacterial translocation to the spleen was also observed. The presence of CPF residues in food may disturb epithelial homeostasis in rats. Changes in TJ protein expression and localization may be involved in gut barrier dysfunction in this model. Uncontrolled passage of macromolecules and bacteria across the intestinal epithelium may be a risk factor for digestive inflammatory diseases.
A Review of Unsupervised Video Segmentation

Video segmentation aims at partitioning consecutive video frames and grouping the spatial-temporal voxels into perceptually coherent regions. Video segmentation has a more general objective than image segmentation because video has temporal information included. There are many plausible video segmentation methods available in this community right now and most video segmentation algorithms are unsupervised since video annotation requires plentiful work of human labor. In our paper, we are going to take a survey on various methods of unsupervised video segmentation and also analyze the metrics that can reasonably evaluate the video segmentation results.
Size effect in penetration of sea ice plate with part-through cracks. I : Theory

The paper analyzes the vertical penetration of a small object through a floating sea ice plate. The analysis takes into account the fact that the bending cracks reach only through part of the ice plate thickness and have a variable depth profile. The cracks are modeled according to the Rice-Levy nonlinear softening line spring model. The plate-crack interaction is characterized in terms of the compliance functions for the bending moments and normal forces in the crack plane, which are computed by an energy-base variational finite-difference method. The radial crack is divided into vertical strips, and a numerical algorithm with step-by-step loading is developed to calculate the vertical growth of the crack in each strip for a prescribed radial crack length increment. The initiation of crack strips from the surface of the plate is decided on the basis of a yield strength criterion with a fracture based flow rule. Systems of up to 300 nonlinear equations are solved by the Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm. The maximum load is reached when the circumferential cracks begin to form. Numerical calculations, comparison of the results with test data, and a study of scaling laws are relegated to the companion paper, which follows in this issue. Numerical calculations show a typical quasi brittle size effect such that the plot of log σ\i\dN versus log \ih (where σ\i\dN = nominal stress at maximum load and \ih = plate thickness) is a descending curve whose slope is negligible only for \ih<0.2 m and then gets gradually steeper, asymptotically approaching –1/2. The calculated size effect agrees with the existing test data, and contradicts previous plasticity solutions.
Spectral Sharpening and the Bradford Transform

The Bradford chromatic adaptation transform, empirically derived by Lam [1], models illumination change. Specifically, it provides a means of mapping XYZs under a reference source to XYZs for a target light such that the corresponding XYZs produce the same perceived colour. One implication of the Bradford chromatic adaptation transform is that colour correction for illumination takes place not in cone space but rather in a ‘narrowed’ cone space. The Bradford sensors have their sensitivity more narrowly concentrated than the cones. However, Bradford sensors are not optimally narrow. Indeed, recent work has shown that it is possible to sharpen sensors to a much greater extent than Bradford [2]. The focus of this paper is comparing the perceptual error between actual appearance and predicted appearance of a colour under different illuminants, since it is perceptual error that the Bradford transform minimizes. Lam’s original experiments are revisited and perceptual performance of the Bradford transform is compared with that of a new adaptation transform that is based on sharp sensors. Results were found to be similar for the two transforms. In terms of CIELAB error, Bradford performs slightly better. But in terms of the more accurate CIELAB 94 and CMC colour difference formulae, the sharp transform performs equally well: there is no statistically significant difference in performance.
Linear precoding in multi-user massive MIMO systems with imperfect channel state information

This paper studies the performance of massive multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MaMU MIMO) downlink systems. A MaMU system composed by a base station with M antennas and N single-antenna users (M >> N) in a single cell is considered. Several linear precoding techniques, assuming perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) side, are considered and implemented in order to evaluate their performance. We put special emphasis considering imperfect channel information and its effects over the system performance. The robustness of linear precoding techniques against channel estimation errors and hardware impairments is also evaluated. The impact of the impairments on the system bit error rate (BER) and achievable rate is investigated. Preliminary results show that linear precoders can be employed in massive MIMO systems with promising results. Particularly, the matched filter (MF) precoder, which has the lowest implementation complexity, allows to obtain good results when a large number of antennas are placed at the base station while maintaining constant power.
Towards online speech summarization

The majority of speech summarization research has focused on extracting the most informative dialogue acts from recorded, archived data. However, a potential use case for speech summarization in the meetings domain is to facilitate a meeting in progress by providing the participants - whether they are attending in-person or remotely - with an indication of the most important parts of the discussion so far. This requires being able to determine whether a dialogue act is extract-worthy before the global meeting context is available. This paper introduces a novel method for weighting dialogue acts using only very limited local context, and shows that high summary precision is possible even when information about the meeting as a whole is lacking. A new evaluation framework consisting of weighted precision, recall and f-score is detailed, and the novel online summarization method is shown to significantly increase recall and f-score compared with a method using no contextual information.