Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of secondary school adolescents regarding protection from sun exposure: a survey in Bangkok, Thailand

Sun protection behavior is a proven intervention for aging skin and skin cancer prevention, especially if training on prolonged sun exposure can be performed early in life. Despite the fact that there are several study reports from multicenters in the West, there are limited data on sun protection in tropical countries where the prevalence of sunburn as well as sun protection behavior and knowledge are low. In Bangkok, sun protection behavior among adolescents is different from the studies performed in the West. Schools are key institutions in encouraging students to prevent themselves from acquiring problems of long‐time sun exposure.
Measurement system of body shift during Head of Bed elevation based on robust tracking of mattress edges using LIDAR

This paper proposes a contactless measurement system for body shift on the mattress during Head of Bed (HOB) elevation to investigate detail mechanism about how body shift causes discomforts and pressure ulcer. For contactless measurement, one LIDAR captures the distance from the mattress edges to the shoulder, which means the upper part of body movement distance. The other LIDAR measures the distance to the foot, which represents that the lower part of body sliding. Since contours of mattress and body surface change dynamically during HOB elevation, the robust measurement is difficult. To overcome various changes of contour, a particle filter is used for robust tracking of the mattress edges and the foot plantar. The experiment about tracking performance and distance measurement demonstrated feasibility of our system in practical settings.
Simulation of Surface Stress-Induced Deflections in Microcantilever Biochemical Sensor

PDPM-Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing (IIITDM) Jabalpur, Khamaria, Jabalpur, India Abstract This study presents the results of a numerical investigation modeling the surface stress induced deflections in a biochemical sensor using different loading conditions. The results of this investigation can help understand and devise novel microcantilever biochemical sensor designs. Microcantilever sensors exploit the surface stress induced deflection in assaying the unknown molecules adsorbed onto its functionalized surface. By measuring the deflection, the attaching species as well as its concentration can be determined. In this study, we used three approaches to model the deflection produced in the sensor. In the first, we applied uniformly distributed force on the free end of the cantilever. In second, we applied uniformly distributed moment on the free edge. And in the third, a longitudinal in-plane tensile force is applied to the cantilever free end. The deflections results obtained using these models are then compared against available experimental results. A commercial finite element code ANSYS Multiphysics is used in this analysis. The simulations are conducted on a silicon microcantilever of size 500×100×0.5 µm having Young's modulus 130 GPa and Poisson ratio 0.28. Though all the three approaches adopted in this investigation show similar results for the deflection, the stress distribution results are however dissimilar. The stress dissimilarity can be efficiently used in designing piezoresistive microcantilever sensors, where the difference between the longitudinal and transverse stress is exploited in measuring the cantilever deflection. The higher the difference, the higher will be the sensitivity of the sensor.
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Open Access Fsh Regulates Acetycholine Production by Ovarian Granulosa Cells

Background: It has been previously shown that cultured granulosa cells (GCs) derived from human ovarian preovulatory follicles contain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis. They also produce ACh and express functional muscarinic ACh receptors. ACh can act on GCs to increase proliferation, disrupt gap junctional communication, alter intracellular calcium levels, as well as expression of transcription factors, suggesting an unrecognized role of ACh in GC function. To gain further insights into the possible role of ACh in the ovary, we examined ChAT expression in the gland before and after birth, as well as in adults, and studied the regulation of ACh production by FSH.
Shear Capacity and Design Strength of Reinforced and Prestressed Members Cast with High Performance Concrete

Shear in cracked structural concrete is principally resisted by tension in the shear reinforcement and aggregate interlock along diagonal cracks. In members cast with High Performance Concrete (HPC), the diagonal cracks may be much smoother than they are for normal strength concretes and this can reduce the effectiveness of the aggregate interlock mechanism. This paper illustrates that long-standing U.S. Building Code expressions do not provide accurate estimates of the shear capacity of concrete members for a range of concrete cylinder strengths. By contrast, a computer-based design tool based on a model for concrete behavior is shown to provide reliable estimates.
From genomics to chemical genomics: new developments in KEGG

The increasing amount of genomic and molecular information is the basis for understanding higher-order biological systems, such as the cell and the organism, and their interactions with the environment, as well as for medical, industrial and other practical applications. The KEGG resource () provides a reference knowledge base for linking genomes to biological systems, categorized as building blocks in the genomic space (KEGG GENES) and the chemical space (KEGG LIGAND), and wiring diagrams of interaction networks and reaction networks (KEGG PATHWAY). A fourth component, KEGG BRITE, has been formally added to the KEGG suite of databases. This reflects our attempt to computerize functional interpretations as part of the pathway reconstruction process based on the hierarchically structured knowledge about the genomic, chemical and network spaces. In accordance with the new chemical genomics initiatives, the scope of KEGG LIGAND has been significantly expanded to cover both endogenous and exogenous molecules. Specifically, RPAIR contains curated chemical structure transformation patterns extracted from known enzymatic reactions, which would enable analysis of genome-environment interactions, such as the prediction of new reactions and new enzyme genes that would degrade new environmental compounds. Additionally, drug information is now stored separately and linked to new KEGG DRUG structure maps.
Increased Visual Stimulation Systematically Decreases Activity in Lateral Intermediate Cortex

Previous studies have attributed multiple diverse roles to the posterior superior temporal cortex (STC), both visually driven and cognitive, including part of the default mode network (DMN). Here, we demonstrate a unifying property across this multimodal region. Specifically, the lateral intermediate (LIM) portion of STC showed an unexpected feature: a progressively decreasing fMRI response to increases in visual stimulus size (or number). Such responses are reversed in sign, relative to well-known responses in classic occipital temporal visual cortex. In LIM, this “reversed” size function was present across multiple object categories and retinotopic eccentricities. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between the LIM size function and the distribution of subjects' attention. These findings suggest that LIM serves as a part of the DMN. Further analysis of functional connectivity, plus a meta-analysis of previous fMRI results, suggests that LIM is a heterogeneous area including different subdivisions. Surprisingly, analogous fMRI tests in macaque monkeys did not reveal a clear homolog of LIM. This interspecies discrepancy supports the idea that self-referential thinking and theory of mind are more prominent in humans, compared with monkeys.
1.064-μm laser damage studies of silicon oxy-nitride narrow band reflectors

In a paper presented at the 1992 Boulder Damage Symposium, we discussed the role of electric field effects, defect type, surface roughness, film thickness and coating absorption on the laser damage thresholds of sinusoidally modulated, plasma deposited, silicon oxy-nitride narrow band reflectors. We concluded that the damage threshold, which was essentially constant at 2 J/cm2 at the test wavelength of 0.532 micrometers , was defect dominated. A sizeable fraction of the damage events occurred at a particular type of defect--a hemispherical hillock feature typically 5 micrometers in diameter as identified by SEM and interferometric surface profiling. We postulated that this defect initiated damage because of either a microlensing effect or an enhanced electric field effect. We have since measured the laser damage thresholds of all these samples at 1.064 micrometers , and found significant variations in the damage thresholds, which were a factor of three higher on average than those at 0.532 micrometers . The microlens model presented can explain damage thresholds up to a factor of four higher at the longer wavelength, and predicts a minimum nodule height for increased damage susceptibility. The minimum nodule height is dependent on the wavelength and the coating average index. The wavelength scaling of the fluence enhancement and the minimum nodule height imply that nodule initiated damage will become an even more serious problem as the wavelength approaches the UV.
Improved modulation spectrum through multi-scale modulation frequency decomposition

The modulation spectrum is a promising method to incorporate dynamic information in pattern classification. It contains important cues about the nonstationary content of a signal and yields complementary improvements when it is combined with conventional features derived from short-term analysis. Many prior modulation spectrum approaches are based on uniform modulation frequency decomposition. The drawbacks of these approaches are high dimensionality and a lack of a connection to human perception of modulation. The paper presents multi-scale modulation frequency decomposition and shows an improvement over the standard modulation spectrum in a digital communication signal classification task. Features derived from this representation provide lower classification error rates than those from a constant-bandwidth modulation spectrum, whether used alone or in combination with short-term features.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A SCHOOL-BASED HIV PREVENTION CURRICULUM FOLLOWING NATIONAL DISSEMINATION IN NYANZA PROVINCE, KENYA.

BACKGROUND Primary School Action for Better Health (PSABH) became the national HIV prevention curriculum of Kenya in 2005. OBJECTIVE To examined implementation of PSABH and student risk behaviour s. SETTING Muhuru, a rural division of Nyanza Province. SUBJECTS One thousand one hundred and forty six students aged 9-21 years from six primary schools in Muhuru. OUTCOME MEASURES Anonymous surveys were administered to assess students'exposure to PSABH curriculum components, sexual activity, condom use, and self-efficacy related to engaging in lower risk behaviours. RESULTS The six schools implementing PSABH were not implementing the full curriculum. Fifty-five percent of males and 44% of females reported a history of sexual activity. For females, condom self-efficacy was related to lower risk behaviour, while HIV education during pastoral instruction was associated with higher risk. Boys who reported higher self-efficacy and learning about abstinence strategies engaged in lower risk behaviour , while exposure to HIV education in assemblies and communication with relatives about HIV was associated with higher risk. CONCLUSION Previous studies documented benefits of PSABH. However, it is unclear how effective the curriculum is after national scale-up. In this community, PSABH was implemented at a low level, with some curriculum components associated with higher risk behaviour, calling into question how PSABH is being delivered. Future studies should examine effective strategies for ongoing support, monitoring, and evaluation. Successfully disseminating evidence-based prevention strategies could reduce HIV incidence and the burden on healthcare providers struggling to care for people living with HIV/AIDS.
Domain adaptation via transferring spectral properties of label functions on graphs

We propose a domain adaptation algorithm that relies on a graph representation of data samples in the source and target domains. The algorithm combines the information of the known class labels in the source and target domains through the Fourier coefficients of the class label function in the two graphs. The proposed method does not require an ordering or a one-to-one mapping between the samples of the source and target domains; instead, it uses only a small set of matched pairs that serve the purpose of “aligning” the source and target Fourier bases. The estimation of the coefficients of the label function in the source and target Fourier bases is then formulated as a simple convex optimization problem. The proposed domain adaptation algorithm is tested in face recognition under varying pose and illumination and is observed to provide significant improvement over reference classification approaches especially when the data distributions in the source and target domains differ significantly.
The Kahun project: CVE technology development based on real world application and user needs

MAVERIK [I] and Deva [S] are VE systems under development in the Advanced Interfaces Group at the University of Manchester. Previous experience highlighted the need for a different approach to spatial management and rendering in VEs (MAVERIK) as well as for techniques and tools for describing, managing and distributing behaviour in shared environments (Deva). Both systems have been developed from an architectural perspective, attempting to overcome technological challenges in novel ways.
Robot controlling in natural language

Controlling robotic systems in natural language can be very convenient and useful in many situations such as applying robots in dangerous places, using them in therapies, in hospitals or in education also. Natural language processing is a wide area of artificial intelligence which should be combined with robotics in proper way. In our research, a frame-based dialogue system between human and robot is developed. The proposed natural language framework will be introduced after examining related works in natural language robot controlling. Next, the adoption to different source languages of speech (or text) is analyzed and finally the Nao robot controlling system will be introduced.
A Method for Recommending Computer-Security Training for Software Developers: Leveraging the Power of Static Analysis Techniques and Vulnerability Repositories

Security breaches in software systems are often caused by vulnerable code, which result in loss of confidential data in addition to reputation and financial damages. To achieve robust software security, developers must be given proper training on secure coding practices. Conventional training methods are limited as they do not take the prior code written by the developers into account. We propose a Computer Security Training Recommender to help identify focused and narrow training areas for software developers. The proposed system leverages the power of public vulnerability repositories, static analysis techniques, and mapping algorithms. The public vulnerability repositories, hosting community accepted solutions to several security problems, serve as the knowledgebase for the proposed system. We use static analysis techniques to uncover vulnerabilities present in developers' code. Finally, the mapping algorithms use information about flagged vulnerabilities to retrieve the most relevant articles from the knowledgebase. Hence, the mitigation strategies given in the articles can be used as a resource to train the individual developers. This paper presents an architecture of the proposed recommender system and a proof-of-concept case study. Preliminary empirical evaluation indicates that the proposed system is promising.
Some examples of dynamics for Gelfand-Tsetlin patterns

We give three examples of stochastic processes in the Gelfand-Tsetlin cone in which each component evolves independently apart from a blocking and pushing interaction. These processes give rise to couplings between certain conditioned Markov processes, last passage times and exclusion processes. In the first two examples, we deduce known identities in distribution between such processes whilst in the third example, the components of the process cannot escape past a wall at the origin and we obtain a new relation.
Multiple attenuation in complex geology with a pattern-based approach

Primaries (signal) and multiples (noise) often exhibit different kinematics and amplitudes (i.e., patterns) in time and space. Multidimensional prediction-error filters (PEFs) approximate these patterns to separate noise and signal in a least-squares sense. These filters are time-space variant to handle the nonstationarity of multioffset seismic data. PEFs for the primaries and multiples are estimated from pattern models. In an ideal case where accurate pattern models of both noise and signal exist, the pattern-based method recovers the primaries while preserving their amplitudes. In the more general case, the pattern model of the multiples is obtained by using the data as prediction operators. The pattern model of the primaries is obtained by convolving the noise PEFs with the input data. In this situation, 3D PEFs are preferred to separate (in prestack data) the multiples properly and to preserve the primaries. Comparisons of the proposed method with adaptive subtraction with an l2 norm demonstrate that.
B Cell Receptor-Mediated Internalization of Salmonella: A Novel Pathway for Autonomous B Cell Activation and Antibody Production1

The present paradigm is that primary B cells are nonphagocytosing cells. In this study, we demonstrate that human primary B cells are able to internalize bacteria when the bacteria are recognized by the BCR. BCR-mediated internalization of Salmonella typhimurium results in B cell differentiation and secretion of anti-Salmonella Ab by the Salmonella-specific B cells. In addition, BCR-mediated internalization leads to efficient Ag delivery to the MHC class II Ag-loading compartments, even though Salmonella remains vital intracellularly in primary B cells. Consequently, BCR-mediated bacterial uptake induces efficient CD4+ T cell help, which boosts Salmonella-specific Ab production. BCR-mediated internalization of Salmonella by B cells is superior over extracellular Ag extraction to induce rapid and specific humoral immune responses and efficiently combat infection.
Design of Cryptographically Strong Generator By Transforming Linearly Generated Sequences

Random numbers have been used extensively in many simulation applications like Monte Carlo Integration or computer modeling. But recently security applications have increased the need for strong (secure) random number generation like automatic password generation, encryption algorithms, on-line gambling etc. Thus random number generation has become a challengingand an interesting task. Most classical random number generators, generate sequences that are either linear or predictable hence not suitable for cryptographic and security applications. Others generate sequences that even though they are secure they are not cryptographicallystrong and above all are slow in execution. Also recent advances in random number generation like the construction of Multiple Recursive Generator(MRG) with large orders, Fast Multiple Recursive Gener-ator (FMRG) and DX(system of multiple recursive generators proposed by Deng and Xu [2003]) generators does not generate a strong random number sequences. Though MRGs have extremely long period of length with good empirical performance, its recurrence equation can be solved given a small set of its generated sequence, this implies that MRGs and FMRGs are not strong cryptographic generators. We propose an algorithm that will transform linear sequences generated by both classical LCG, MRGs, FMRGs and DX generators and make them cryptographically strong generators by hiding the entire sequence generated by the generators, thus it will be difficult for cryptanalyst to predict or infer the generator sequence if even the partial sequence or the parameters or knowledge of the algorithm used in the transformation of the generators are known.
PhyloGene server for identification and visualization of co-evolving proteins using normalized phylogenetic profiles

Proteins that function in the same pathways, protein complexes or the same environmental conditions can show similar patterns of sequence conservation across phylogenetic clades. In species that no longer require a specific protein complex or pathway, these proteins, as a group, tend to be lost or diverge. Analysis of the similarity in patterns of sequence conservation across a large set of eukaryotes can predict functional associations between different proteins, identify new pathway members and reveal the function of previously uncharacterized proteins. We used normalized phylogenetic profiling to predict protein function and identify new pathway members and disease genes. The phylogenetic profiles of tens of thousands conserved proteins in the human, mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila genomes can be queried on our new web server, PhyloGene. PhyloGene provides intuitive and user-friendly platform to query the patterns of conservation across 86 animal, fungal, plant and protist genomes. A protein query can be submitted either by selecting the name from whole-genome protein sets of the intensively studied species or by entering a protein sequence. The graphic output shows the profile of sequence conservation for the query and the most similar phylogenetic profiles for the proteins in the genome of choice. The user can also download this output in numerical form.
The Cedar Project *

This study explored trends of sexual assault and associated risk factors within a cohort of young Aboriginal women who used drugs in Vancouver and Prince George, Canada, between 2003 and 2010. Results demonstrated no change in the trend of sexual assault over time; however, odds of sexual assault were significantly higher for women who had at least one parent who attended residential school, had experienced childhood sexual abuse, were involved in sex work, had been offered money to not use condoms, had used injection drugs, had injected cocaine and opiates daily, had binged with injection drugs, and had difficulty accessing clean syringes. Findings highlight the urgency of interventions addressing the complexity of risk and opportunities for healing.