Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cosmic Variance in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey

Cosmic variance is the uncertainty in observational estimates of the volume density of extragalactic objects such as galaxies or quasars arising from the underlying large-scale density fluctuations. This is often a significant source of uncertainty, especially in deep galaxy surveys, which tend to cover relatively small areas. We present estimates of the relative cosmic variance for one-point statistics (i.e., number densities) for typical scales and volumes sampled by the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS). We use two approaches: (1) For objects with a known two-point correlation function that is well approximated by a power law, one can use the standard analytic formalism to calculate the cosmic variance (in excess of shot noise). We use this approach to estimate the cosmic variance for several populations that are being studied in the GOODS program (extremely red objects [EROs] at z ~ 1 and Lyman break galaxies [LBGs] at z ~ 3 and z ~ 4) using clustering information for similar populations in the literature. (2) For populations with unknown clustering, one can use predictions from cold dark matter theory to obtain a rough estimate of the variance as a function of number density. We present a convenient plot that allows one to use this approach to read off the cosmic variance for a population with a known mean redshift and estimated number density. We conclude that for the volumes sampled by GOODS, cosmic variance is a significant source of uncertainty for strongly clustered objects (~40%-60% for EROs) and less serious for less clustered objects (~10%-20% for LBGs).
Doing a leisure activity because there is nothing else to do: Related outcomes and intervention effects for adolescents

Abstract This study examined whether a leisure-focused intervention, HealthWise, was related to reduced youth polysubstance use and delayed sexual debut via reducing how often youth did leisure activities because there was nothing else to do. HealthWise was compared to a no-intervention control for 5,610 high school students from eighth to tenth grades in townships near Cape Town, South Africa. Three specific leisure activities were examined: spending time with friends, playing sports, and going to parks. Among girls, spending time with friends because there was nothing else to do significantly mediated the effect of HealthWise on reducing frequent polysubstance use in the past month. For boys, spending time in parks because there was nothing else to do mediated the effect of HealthWise on delayed sexual debut. Results partially supported the HealthWise logic model of impacting risky behaviors via leisure and the value of prevention programs addressing the reasons behind leisure choices.
Urban flood risk mapping using analytic hierarchy process and natural break classification (Case study: Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia)

Indonesia have many urban areas with drainage which are still under construction and development. Urban city has potential area to get flooded because those factors. Surabaya city is the second largest population after Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. The floods that hit the areas have caused disruption of public health, economic activity, and urban infrastructure. Early caution is needed to warn society towards flood hazard. In this study, we develops a decision support system for disaster risk assessment using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This system produces a risk map with marked areas dynamically divided by natural breaks into three levels of risk. They are low, medium and high. The object of research is focused on 31 sub-districts in Surabaya city. The result of the level of risk towards flood disaster with AHP and Natural breaks classification has 60.44% accuracy value.
A Simulation Framework for the Evaluation of Frequency Reuse in LTE-A Systems

Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) technology is considered as the most possible candidate for next generation mobile communications. LTE-A networks offer high capacity and are specified and designed to accommodate small, high performance, power-efficient end-user devices. Similarly to its predecessor LTE, LTE-A incorporates inter-cell interference mitigation methods in order to mitigate interference and to enhance efficiency in bandwidth usage. These methods include power and frequency allocation schemes that allow neighbouring cells and femtocells in heterogeneous networks to co-ordinately share and reuse available spectral resources, in order to avoid performance degradation for interference suffering cell-edge users. In this paper, the authors study the LTE-A multi-cell systems' performance using a simulation framework, which integrates several frequency reuse techniques and provides a user-friendly graphical presentation of the evaluation results. The optimal Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) configuration for the user-defined network instance is also determined, based on overall performance and fairness index metrics. Finally, the authors examine FFR techniques in two-tier femtocell/macrocell environments and evaluate them based on the optimization of different metrics, depending on the network operator's needs.
Influence of Media Formats on Student Perception and Performance in Web-based Teaching

The goal of this research is to examine the impact of media formats used in web-based courses on the way students perceive these courses and on their performance in the courses (in terms of grades). Factors influencing the evaluation of web-based courses by the students are analyzed, based on courses of an online distance-learning graduate program. In particular, we studied conventional hypertext-based courses, video-based courses and audio-based courses, seeking to find out whether the media format has an effect on how students assess courses and how good or bad their grades are. Statistical analyses were performed to answer several research questions related to the topic and to properly evaluate the factors influencing student evaluation.
On-line boosting based real-time tracking with efficient HOG

In this paper, a real-time visual tracking system that delivers superior performance under difficult situations is proposed. The system is based on Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) within the on-line boosting framework. For environmental adaptation, the HOG feature is calculated with blocks of random scale, position and aspect ratio which form a feature pool. The on-line boosting can then select the best distinguishable features from this pool for the robust tracking. The randomness of the blocks guarantees the existence of those features. Three experiments are conducted to highlight different characteristics of this new system. The first experiment proves the validity for the system to be able to pick out the best possible HOG features. The second experiment shows its robustness against bad illuminations and small foreground background difference. The third experiment demonstrates its advancement compared with the Haar-based state-of-the-art system. All those are offered without sacrificing the computation load.
Energy-Efficient Digital Predistortion With Lookup Table Training Using Analog Cartesian Feedback

We demonstrate energy-efficient low-complexity adaptive linearization for wideband handset power amplifiers (PAs). Due to power overhead and complexity, traditional wideband linearization techniques such as adaptive digital predistortion (DPD) thus far have not been used for wideband handset transmitters. Our energy-efficient lookup table training strategy resulted in a training energy of 1.83 nJ/entry for a 5-MHz bandwidth WiMAX orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) transmission, which represents more than 40times improvement over state-of-the-art DPD implementations. Our experimental prototype transmitter achieves a maximum of 9.9-dB improvement of adjacent channel leakage power at 5.15-MHz offset with 22.0-dBm channel power in the 5-MHz bandwidth WiMAX-OFDMA transmission. This linearity improvement offers 26.5% savings in PA power consumption by reducing power backoff.
Employee-experienced High-performance Work Systems in Facilitating Employee Helping and Voice: The Role of Employees’ Proximal Perceptions and Trust in the Supervisor

ABSTRACT Relative to previous research concerning the positive association between high-performance work systems (HPWS) and employees’ voice and helping, we examined a wider range of mediators reflecting employees’ ability, motivation, and opportunity to expand their citizenship-based role definitions. Trust in the supervisor was also investigated as a boundary condition on the relationships in question. Multisource data, collected in 4 waves, from 208 supervisor–employee dyads showed that employees’ efficacy, instrumentality, and autonomy perceptions concerning voice mediated the association between employee-experienced HPWS and expanded role definition for voice. Instrumentality mediated the relationship between employee-experienced HPWS and expanded role definition for helping. The positive links between employee-experienced HPWS and both supervisor-rated helping and voice were mediated by employees’ role definitions. Trust in the supervisor positively moderated the mediated effects.
Evaluating Regularized Anchor Words

We perform a comprehensive examination of the recently proposed anchor method for topic model inference using topic interpretability and held-out likelihood measures. After measuring the sensitivity to the anchor selection process, we incorporate L2 and Beta regularization into the optimization objective in the recovery step. Preliminary results show that L2 improves heldout likelihood, and Beta regularization improves topic interpretability.
New approach to voiced onset detection in speech signal and its application for frame error concealment

This paper presents a new approach for accurate detection of voiced onsets in a speech signal. The knowledge of the precise location of the beginning of a voiced segment has several potential applications in speech compression (e.g. source-controlled variable bitrate coding, classification-based frame erasure concealment). The proposed onset detection algorithm is based on Teager's energy operator applied on sub-bands. The technique has been integrated in the signal classifier of the VMR-WB speech coding standard used for frame erasure (FE) concealment. A subjective listening test using MUSHRA methodology showed an improvement in frame error conditions with respect to the legacy VMR-WB classification.
A Image Thresholding Method Based on Binary Coded Ant Colony Algorithm

Image segmentation is the most significant step in image analysis and is a long-term difficult problem, which hasn't been fully solved. Many segmentation methods have been brought forward to deal with image segmentation, among these methods thresholding is the simple and important method in image segmentation. In practical work, 2-dimension (2D) entropy method is often used. It segments images by using the gray value of the pixel and the local average gray value of it, and thus provides better results than that of one-dimension entropy. However, for more accurate thresholding, much more time has to pay. Thus, this paper employs a novel approach to 2D threshold selection based on binary coded ant colony optimization algorithm. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested on several real images. Experiments results indicate that proposed method performs well which is a good method to help select optimum 2D thresholds.
Experimental Results with a New Distributed Aircraft Fuel Control System Which Uses Smart Fieldbus Components

Along the last years a new distributed control system, using smart components and a fieldbus, has been developed and presented in recent DASC conferences. The present application example is the substitution of the conventional central computer aircraft fuel management system, with a new distributed network of smart sensors and actuators, capable of eliminating the need of a central computer. This paper is devoted to recent experimental studies about the performances of the distributed system. In this stage of the research it is interesting to confirm the correct operation of the control system for normal and abnormal fuel system conditions. An important aspect is to take a detailed note of the activity in the fieldbus. Another aspect is to confirm that the dynamic reconfiguration possibilities of the new distributed system, thanks to the smart components, do work in abnormal conditions. The case under study in this paper is more complex than the helicopter case taken initially as reference, now it is an airplane fuel system with six tanks in the wings and a tail tank
Marginal Discriminant Projection for Coal Mine Safety Data Dimensionality Reduction

Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA) is a novel dimensionality reduction algorithm. However, the two nearest neighborhood parameters are difficult to select when constructing graphs. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric method called Marginal Discriminant Projection (MDP) which can solves the problem of parameters selection in MFA. Experiment on several benchmark datasets demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method, and appreciate performance was achieved when applying on coal mine safety data dimensionality reduction. Streszczenie. W artykule zaproponowano nieparametryczna metode nazwaną MDOP (marginal discriminant projection) ktora pomaga rozwiązac problem selekcji danych w algorytmie MFA (marginal Fisher analysis). Metode zastosowano do redukcji danych w systemach bezpieczenstwa klopalni weglowych. (Metoda Marginal Discriminant Projection w zastosowaniu do redukcji wymiaru danych w systemach bezpieczenstwa kopalni weglowych)
Acquired resistance to the second-generation androgen receptor antagonist enzalutamide in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Enzalutamide (MDV3100) is a second generation Androgen Receptor (AR) antagonist with proven efficacy in the treatment of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The majority of treated patients, however, develop resistance and disease progression and there is a critical need to identify novel targetable pathways mediating resistance. The purpose of this study was to develop and extensively characterize a series of enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell lines. Four genetically distinct AR-positive and AR-pathway dependent prostate cancer cell lines (CWR-R1, LAPC-4, LNCaP, VCaP) were made resistant to enzalutamide by long-term culture (> 6 months) in enzalutamide. Extensive characterization of these lines documented divergent in vitro growth characteristics and AR pathway modulation. Enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP and CWR-R1 cells, but not LAPC-4 and VCAP cells, demonstrated increased castration-resistant and metastatic growth in vivo. Global gene expression analyses between short-term enzalutamide treated vs. enzalutamide-resistant cells identified both AR pathway and non-AR pathway associated changes that were restored upon acquisition of enzalutamide resistance. Further analyses revealed very few common gene expression changes between the four resistant cell lines. Thus, while AR-mediated pathways contribute in part to enzalutamide resistance, an unbiased approach across several cell lines demonstrates a greater contribution toward resistance via pleiotropic, non-AR mediated mechanisms.
Integrating General-Purpose and Domain-Specific Components in the Analysis of Scientific Text

The SciBorg project employs two distinct parsing frameworks: RASP (Briscoe and Carroll, 2002) and the ERG (Copestake and Flickinger, 2000), in conjunction with the OSCAR3 (Corbett and Murray-Rust, 2006) system, in the analysis of a corpus of chemistry research papers. Here, we address a number of issues arising from the integration of these diverse components.
Trigon Based Authentication Service Creation with Globus Middleware

A Grid allows its constituent resources to be used in a coordinated fashion to deliver various qualities of service, relating for example to response time, throughput, availability, and security, and/or co-allocation of multiple resource types to meet complex user demands, so that the utility of the combined system is significantly greater than that of the sum of its parts. Security is a major concern as a grid enables sharing of valuable resources and sensitive information across heterogeneous users. Authentication, message integrity and confidentiality are the major concerns in grid security. The proposed approach uses a trigon based authentication and authorization of the grid entities. Grid service is stateful and transient web service, which can be invoked by clients, and is considered to be the mainstream of future internet. A service is defined by identifying sequences of specific message exchanges that cause the service to perform some operation. By thus defining these operations only in terms of message exchange, we achieve great flexibility in how services are implemented and where they may be located.The creation of Web Services standards is an industry-led initiative, with some of the emerging standards in various states of progress through the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The security protocol has been implemented and tested using Globus middleware. To achieve reuse of behaviors of this authentication concept, operations are often grouped together to form a SHA based authentication service using prerequisites as build.xml , globus-build-service.sh, WSDL file and globus as middleware.
On Demand Parametric Array Dataflow Analysis

We present a novel approach for exact array dataflow analysis in the presence of constructs that are not static affine. The approach is similar to that of fuzzy array dataflow analysis in that it also introduces parameters that represent information that is only available at run-time, but the parameters have a different meaning and are analyzed before they are introduced. The approach was motivated by our work on process networks, but should be generally useful since fewer parameters are introduced on larger inputs. We include some preliminary experimental results.
OLPP-based Gabor feature dimensionality reduction for facial expression recognition

In facial expression recognition, high dimensional feature processing is still a hot topic since the solution to this problem can considerably reduce the time consuming operation and computational memory. Many methods have been developed to reduce feature dimension and extract the fundamental information in the feature space by projecting the original data into some lower dimensional space. In this paper, a method based on orthogonal locality preserving projections (OLPP), keeps the intrinsic structure properties of original data without losing the discriminated capacity simultaneously, is proposed to reduce high dimensional Gabor features for facial expression recognition. To evaluate the operation effectiveness, support vector machines (SVMs) is employed to classify such features, which are constructed by orthogonal bases obtaining from OLPP. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of OLPP-based Gabor feature dimensionality reduction by comparison with locality preserving projections (LPP), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and principle component analysis (PCA). Results demonstrate that OLPP outperforms the other three methods.
On the capacity of some channels with channel state information

Channels whose output conditional probability depends on a time-varying state have been widely studied. Depending on the assumptions on the channel state and on the availability of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and at the receiver, a whole range of problems rises, each related to some physical situation of interest. Driven by the growing interest in mobile wireless communications, numerous works have been devoted to assessing the information theoretic limits of Gaussian fading channels, which can be modeled as the continuous counterpart of the discrete channels. We deal with channels with causal transmitter CSI. In general, capacity achieving codes are constructed over an extended alphabet of functions (usually indicated as strategies) that map sequences of transmitter CSI values onto input symbols. Here, we are interested in finding conditions such that the capacity achieving codes can be constructed directly on the channel input alphabet.
Liraglutide, a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog, Increased Insulin Sensitivity Assessed by Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp Examination in Patients with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aims. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog promotes insulin secretion by acting on pancreatic β-cells. This antihyperglycemic treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has attracted increased clinical attention not only for its antihyperglycemic action but also for its potential extrapancreatic effects. We investigated whether liraglutide, a GLP-1 analog, could enhance insulin sensitivity as assessed by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in type 2 DM patients. Materials. We prospectively enrolled 31 uncontrolled type 2 DM patients who were hospitalized and equally managed by guided diet- and exercise-therapies and then introduced to either liraglutide- or intensive insulin-therapy for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by the glucose infusion rate (GIR) using hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp before and after the therapies. Results. Values of HbA1c, postprandial plasma glucose, and body mass index (BMI) were significantly decreased by hospitalized intensive insulin-therapy or liraglutide-therapy. GIR was significantly increased by liraglutide-therapy but not by insulin-therapy, indicating that liraglutide-therapy significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity. BMI decreased during liraglutide-therapy but was not significantly correlated with changes in GIR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that liraglutide-therapy significantly correlated with increased insulin sensitivity in uncontrolled DM patients. Conclusions. Liraglutide may exhibit favorable effects on diabetes control for type 2 DM patients by increasing insulin sensitivity as an extrapancreatic action. Clinical trial registration Unique Identifier is UMIN000015201.
Review of the use of idursulfase in the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis II

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II, Hunter syndrome) is a heterogeneous, progressive X-linked recessively inherited lysosomal storage disease that is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase, resulting in abnormal tissue accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans, dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate. The disorder results from mutations in IDS, which is located at Xq28. Over 300 pathogenic mutations have been identified to date. The management of MPS II requires multidisciplinary care because of the many affected organ systems. Replacement of functional enzyme to involved tissues has been a focus of various therapies for several decades. The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells provides enzymatic reconstitution in many target tissues, but the clinical response has been disappointing. Recently, enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant human iduronate-2-sulfatase (idursulfase, Elaprase®; Shire HGT Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge MA, USA), was approved by the in the US and Europe as a safe and effective treatment for individuals with MPS II. This review presents a comprehensive overview of MPS II and summarizes the recent literature on therapy for the disease.