Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A typology of students based on academic entitlement

ABSTRACT Two hundred ninety-three university business students were surveyed using an academic entitlement (AE) scale updated to include new technologies. Using factor analysis, three components of AE were identified: grade entitlement, behavioral entitlement, and service entitlement. A k-means clustering procedure was then applied to identify four groups based on the relative strength of the AE components: the model student, under the radar, instructor as servant, and the privileged. These groups were further characterized by additional demographic (i.e., parental income) and classroom variables (i.e., instructor response times). Findings can help business educators gain better insight into the AE construct and devise more effective instructional strategies.
Localized fast flow disturbance observed in the plasma sheet and in the ionosphere

An isolated plasma sheet flow burst took place at 22:02 UT, 1 September 2002, when the Cluster footpoint was located within the area covered by the Magnetometers-Ionospheric Radars-All-sky Cameras Large Experiment (MIRACLE). The event was associated with a clear but weak ionospheric disturbance and took place during a steady southward IMF interval, about 1h preceding a major substorm onset. Multipoint observations, both in space and from the ground, allow us to discuss the temporal and spatial scale of the disturbance both in the magnetosphere and ionosphere. Based on measurements from four Cluster spacecraft it is inferred that Cluster observed the dusk side part of a localized flow channel in the plasma sheet with a flow shear at the front, suggesting a field-aligned current out from the ionosphere. In the ionosphere the equivalent current pattern and possible field-aligned current location show a pattern similar to the auroral streamers previously obtained during an active period, except for its spatial scale and amplitude. It is inferred that the footpoint of Cluster was located in the region of an upward field-aligned current, consistent with the magnetospheric observations. The entire disturbance in the ionosphere lasted about 10min, consistent with the time scale of the current sheet disturbance in the magnetosphere. The plasma sheet bulk flow, on the other hand, had a time scale of about 2min, corresponding to the time scale of an equatorward excursion of the enhanced electrojet. These observations confirm that localized enhanced convection in the magnetosphere and associated changes in the current sheet structure produce a signature with consistent temporal and spatial scale at the conjugate ionosphere.
Numerical Representations of a Universal Subspace Flow for Linear Programs

In 1991, Sonnevend, Stoer, and Zhao [Math. Programming 52 (1991) 527--553] have shown that the central paths of strictly feasible instances of linear programs generate curves on the Grassmannian that satisfy a universal ordinary differential equation. Instead of viewing the Grassmannian $Grassmn$ as the set of all $n imes n$ projection matrices of rank $m$, we view it as the set $STmn$ of all full column rank $n imes m$ matrices, quotiented by the right action of the general linear group $GL(m)$. We propose a class of flows in $STmn$ that project to the flow on the Grassmannian. This approach requires much less storage space when $ngg m$ (i.e., there are many more constraints than variables in the dual formulation). One of the flows in $STmn$, that leaves invariant the set of orthonormal matrices, turns out to be a particular version of a matrix differential equation known as Oja's flow. We also point out that the flow in the set of projection matrices admits a double bracket expression.
Analysis, Design and Optimization of Non-Cylindrical Fuselage for Blended-Wing-Body (BWB) Vehicle

Initial results of an investigation towards finding an efficient non-cylindrical fuselage configuration for a conceptual blended-wing-body flight vehicle were presented. A simplified 2-D beam column analysis and optimization was performed first. Then a set of detailed finite element models of deep sandwich panel and ribbed shell construction concepts were analyzed and optimized. Generally these concepts with flat surfaces were found to be structurally inefficient to withstand internal pressure and resultant compressive loads simultaneously. Alternatively, a set of multi-bubble fuselage configuration concepts were developed for balancing internal cabin pressure load efficiently, through membrane stress in inner-stiffened shell and inter-cabin walls. An outer-ribbed shell was designed to prevent buckling due to external resultant compressive loads. Initial results from finite element analysis appear to be promising. These concepts should be developed further to exploit their inherent structurally efficiency.
Chandra observations of the X‐ray jet in 3C 66B

Our Chandra observation of the FRI radio galaxy 3C 66B has resulted in the first detection of an X-ray counterpart to the previously known radio, infra-red and optical jet. The X-ray jet is detected up to 7 arcsec from the core and has a steep X-ray spectrum, � � 1.3 ± 0.1. The overall X-ray flux density and spectrum of the jet are cons istent with a synchrotron origin for the X-ray emission. However, the inner knot in the jet has a higher ratio of X-ray to radio emission than the others. This suggests that either two dist inct emission processes are present or that differences in the acceleration mechanism are required; there may be a contribution to the inner knot’s emission from an inverse-Compton process o r it may be the site of an early strong shock in the jet. The peak of the brightest radio and X-ray knot is significantly closer to the nucleus in the X-ray than in the radio, which may suggest that the knots are privileged sites for high-energy particle acceleration. 3C 66B’s jet is simi lar both in overall spectral shape and in structural detail to those in more nearby sources such as M87 and Centaurus A.
alreticulin maintains the low threshold of peptide required for efficient ntigen presentation

Calreticulin (CRT) plays a critical role in MHC class I antigen processing and elicits peptide-specific CD8(+) T cell responses against tumours when administered with peptides. However, how CRT contributes to class I antigen processing and the mechanism of its adjuvant effect in anti-tumour responses, remain to be elucidated. Here we show that reduced class I expression in CRT deficient cells can be restored by the vailable online xxx
Retrieval cue variability: When and why are two meanings better than one?

Much is known about the memory benefits of encoding variability, but the effects of retrieval variability (or diversity) remain largely unexplored. The current project investigates the possible benefits and detriments of retrieval cue variability in episodic memory tasks, the processes underlying such effects, and how those effects may interact with encoding conditions. Six experiments tested participants’ recall of balanced homographs when cued with a single meaning or with two meanings. Based on the principle of congruity between encoding and retrieval (e.g., transfer-appropriate processing), I predicted that double-meaning cues would be superior by virtue of providing two routes to retrieval, at least one of which would likely overlap with an encoded single meaning. However, single-meaning cues were in fact superior when target homographs had been studied alone (Experiment 1) or not studied at all (Experiment 2). However, when the cue words were disambiguated by being presented with the targets during study, double-meaning retrieval cues indeed yielded higher recall (Experiments 3 and 6). Experiment 4 showed that, when the procedure allowed it, participants often used two double-meaning retrieval cues together in a synergistic way to better home in on the target. Experiments 5 and 6 showed that retrieval cue variability can yield benefits or costs depending on encoding conditions. Double-meaning cues yielded higher performance than single-meaning cues that were incongruent with the encoded meaning, but lower performance than single-meaning cues that were congruent with the encoded meaning. Experiment 6 also showed that participants recalled more when tested with the specific cues that they selected from a set of choices at study, but that they did not have good insights on the benefits of retrieval cue diversity. Overall,
Interactive Sand Art Drawing Using Kinect

In this paper, we present an interactive sand art drawing system using Kinect. Our system adopts a vision-based bare hand detection method which effectively detects the hand position and recognizes the hand gestures. Then, the corresponding sand manipulation actions are performed. Our system supports the common sand drawing functions, such as sand erosion, sand sand spilling, and sand leaking. To use hands to draw virtual sand on a drawing plane, we design four key gestures which enable drawing manipulation actions for sand. The basic idea is that the gesture of one hand controls the drawing action. The motion and gesture of the other hand controls the drawing position. Our preliminary experimental results show that our system enables sand drawing with bare hands using Kinect. A user study indicates our system is useful to sand art drawing.
Neurological aspects of stuttering: summary overview of scientific findings

The aim of this article is to provide a summary overview of some of the more important scientific evidence of neurological differences between stutterers and non-stutterers. Stuttering is a complex disorder of speech fluency, the aetiology of which is still largely unclear. Although most of the knowledge about stuttering has been derived from clinical observations, essential information obtained through laboratory research delineated some important neurological differences between people with a stuttering problem and people who do not stutter. These differences are identified in terms of neuroimaging, speech production processes and even in terms of auditory perception and feedback mechanisms. The development of new and improved neuroimaging techniques has greatly enhanced the potential to investigate neurological correlates of stuttering. Current knowledge is indicative of a complex neurological basis for stuttering. However, on the basis of current scientific evidence any currently held theory cannot be conclusively substantiated.
Exploring Age Cohort Differences in Childhood Nature Experiences and Adult Feelings of Connection to Nature

ii Acknowledgments. iv Vita . vi List of Tables . viii Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Review of Literature . 12 Chapter 3: Methodology . 30 Chapter 4: Results . 39 Chapter 5: Discussion . 50 References . 63 Appendix A: Survey Instrument . 70
Important events extraction based on event co-occurrence network text representation method

Cognitive scientists believe that humans memorize and understand the real world through "event". A large number of narrative class texts contain various events and people can extract important events from the texts to support various event-based information processing. In this paper, we firstly research event annotation and build the Chinese Emergency Corpus. Then, we consider the event as a basic semantic unit for narrative texts and present a new event co-occurrence network text representation method. Finally, we study important events extraction based on this event co-occurrence network. The experimental results show that our important event extraction method has good performance.
Procedural Content Generation for Real-Time Strategy Games

Videogames are one of the most important and profitable sectors in the industry of entertainment. Nowadays, the creation of a videogame is often a large-scale endeavor and bears many similarities with, e.g., movie production. On the central tasks in the development of a videogame is content generation, namely the definition of maps, terrains, non-player characters (NPCs) and other graphical, musical and AI-related components of the game. Such generation is costly due to its complexity, the great amount of work required and the need of specialized manpower. Hence the relevance of optimizing the process and alleviating costs. In this sense, procedural content generation (PCG) comes in handy as a means of reducing costs by using algorithmic techniques to automatically generate some game contents. PCG also provides advantages in terms of player experience since the contents generated are typically not fixed but can vary in different playing sessions, and can even adapt to the player herself. For this purpose, the underlying algorithmic technique used for PCG must be also flexible and adaptable. This is the case of computational intelligence in general and evolutionary algorithms in particular. In this work we shall provide an overview of the use of evolutionary intelligence for PCG, with special emphasis on its use within the context of real- time strategy games. We shall show how these techniques can address both playability and aesthetics, as well as improving the game AI. PURRED on by the emergence of the videogame industry as the main component of the entertainment industry has motivated, research on videogames has acquired increasing notoriety during the last years. Such research spans many areas such as marketing and gamification, psychology and player satisfaction, computational intelligence, education and health (serious games) and computer graphics, just to cite a few. This diversification of research areas is largely motivated by a shift in the priorities of the video game industry: while games used to rely heavily on their graphical quality, other features such as the music, the player immersion into the game and interesting storyline have gained enormous importance. To cope with the plethora of new interesting challenges in the area of
Conciliating coherence and high responsiveness in interactive storytelling

Interactive storytelling is a new form of digital entertainment that brings together techniques and tools for the creation, visualization and control of interactive stories through electronic means. One of the main challenges of interactive storytelling is the generation of stories that are both coherent and interesting, while providing means to allow the user to interact with the story. On the other hand, user's intervention should not violate the rules of the chosen genre, leading to unlikely developments. Another problem arises when storytelling environments require high responsiveness, as is the case in interactive TV. The fact that storytelling systems are usually very CPU intensive should not affect responsiveness. This paper describes a model to deal with these requirements, which has been implemented over a previous version of Logtell, a logic-based tool for interactive generation and dramatization of stories.
Composite wormholes in vacuum Jordan-Brans-Dicke theory

New classes composite vacuum wormhole solutions of Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravitation is presented and analysed. It is shown that such solution holds for both, a bridge between separated Schwarzschild and Brans Universes and for a bridge connecting two Schwarzschild asymptotically flat regions joined by Brans throat. We have also noticed that there are some new possible candidates for wormhole spacetimes.
FTA and Economic Growth: A Nonparametric Approach

This paper assesses whether a bilateral FTA exerts a positive growth effect of the economies of the two countries engaging in the FTA. It employs a nonparametric matching approach, which is more faithful to questions posed by trade theories, imposes no specific functional froms on the relation, and can be applied to a broad range of data structures. Unlike the results from earlier linear regression model approaches, we find an insignificant effect of the FTA on total economic growth. In particular, we demonstrate that an FTA exerts no significant growth effects in the one-to-10-year period after its launch. Furthermore, we detect an upward trend in the gap between the growth rates of per capita real GDP within a bilateral FTA. This implies uneven FTA effects across within an FTA, which may explain, in part, the insignificant effects of the FTA on the total economic growth.
Accuracy of Energy Model Calibration with IPMI

Energy consumption in Cloud computing is a significantissue and affects aspects such as the cost of energy, coolingin the data center and the environmental impact of cloud data centers. Monitoring and prediction provides the groundwork for improving the energy efficiency of data centers. This monitoring however is required to be fast and efficient without unnecessary overhead. It is also required to scale to the size of a data center where measurement through directly attached Watt meters is unrealistic. This therefore requires models that translate resource utilisation into the power consumed by a physical host. These models require calibrating and are hence subject to error. We discuss the causes of error within these models, focusingupon the use of IPMI in order to gather this data. We makerecommendations on ways to mitigate this error without overly complicating the underlying model. The final result of these models is a Watt meter emulator that can provide values for power consumption from hosts in the data center, with an average error of 0.20W.
Molecular pathogenesis of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: the role of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif

The emergence of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza has caused a heavy socio‐economic burden through culling of poultry to minimise human and livestock infection. Although human infections with H5N1 have to date been limited, concerns for the pandemic potential of this zoonotic virus have been greatly intensified following experimental evidence of aerosol transmission of H5N1 viruses in a mammalian infection model. In this review, we discuss the dominance of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif as a pathogenicity determinant, the host‐pathogen molecular interactions driving cleavage activation, reverse genetics manipulations and identification of residues key to haemagglutinin cleavage site functionality and the mechanisms of cell and tissue damage during H5N1 infection. We specifically focus on the disease in chickens, as it is in this species that high pathogenicity frequently evolves and from which transmission to the human population occurs. With >75% of emerging infectious diseases being of zoonotic origin, it is necessary to understand pathogenesis in the primary host to explain spillover events into the human population. © 2015 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Private Information Retrieval by Keywords

Private information retrieval (PIR) schemes enable a user to access one or more servers that hold copies of a database and privately retrieve parts of the n bits of data stored in the database. This means that the queries give each individual database no partial information (in the information theoretic or computational sense) on the identity of the item retrieved by the user. All known PIR schemes assume that the user knows the physical address of the sought item. This is usually not the case when accessing a public database that is not managed by the user. Such databases are typically presented with keywords, which are then internally translated (at the database end) to physical addresses, using an appropriate search structure (for example, a hash table or a binary tree). In this note we describe a simple, modular way to privately access data by keywords. It combines any conventional search structure with any underlying PIR scheme (including single server schemes). The transformation requires no modiication in the way that the search structure is maintained. Therefore the same database will support both private and regular (non private) searches.
An Image-Warping Architecture for VR: Low Latency versus Image Quality

Designing low end-to-end latency system architectures for virtual reality is still an open and challenging problem. We describe the design, implementation and evaluation of a client-server depth-image warping architecture that updates and displays the scene graph at the refresh rate of the display. Our approach works for scenes consisting of dynamic and interactive objects. The end-to-end latency is minimized as well as smooth object motion generated. However, this comes at the expense of image quality inherent to warping techniques. We evaluate the architecture and its design trade-offs by comparing latency and image quality to a conventional rendering system. Our experience with the system confirms that the approach facilitates common interaction tasks such as navigation and object manipulation.
ARTIFICIAL IMMUNE SYSTEMS: PART II - A SURVEY OF APPLICATIONS

Figure 1: (a) Environment for testing the consensus-making algorithm based on immune networks. Figure 2: Immunized computational system structure. BCS corresponds to the base-line computational system (representing an average behavior of the uncertain system), and CCS corresponds to the changeable computational system (representing the variable region of the antibody and epitope equivalents). Figure 3: Encoding scheme for the case of a Fuzzy and a Neural Network building block. The parameter 'variable' can assume any linguistic value (altitude, speed, etc.), and 'relationship' represents any logical antecedent (AND, OR, etc.) or consequent (THEN). The neural net building block is responsible for describing the network architecture and weight values. Figure 4: (a) Example of structural optimization problem studied. (b) Constraint elimination using immune principles. Figure 6: The clonal selection algorithm. (a) Block diagram. (b) Step-by-step procedure. Figure 7: (a) n-TSP agents. (b) Proposed immune algorithm (IA) for solving the n-TSP problem. Each immune cell set is composed of three kinds of cells, called a macrophage, a B and a T-cell. Figure 8: ABNET. (a) Main steps of the learning algorithm. (b) Weights updating procedure. Figure 9: Basic features of the network supervised learning algorithm without changing the synaptic connection strengths (W ij). When a set of stimuli has been learnt, the system remains in the cycle shown in double line arrows. Figure 10: Anomaly detection algorithm. (a) Generation of valid detector set (censoring). Figure 13: (a) Genetic encoding for the detectors. (b) Suppression of detector C that (partially) covers the same portion of the pattern space. Figure 18: (a) Schematic diagram of the immune algorithm. (b) Immune algorithm for an agent-based architecture. 34 Figure 19: (a) The immune system object algorithm. (b) Structure of a B-cell object. Figure 21: Non-linear relation between binding value and match score for a bit string of length L = 7 and affinity threshold ε = 2. Figure 24: (a) Rules for the proposed cellular automaton model. (b) Steps in the simulation. Figure 26: (a) Structure of an antibody in the iNet. (b) A UML class diagram for a kernel of iNet. Figure 28: Integer-valued encoding for the antigen and antibody molecules, together with the matching function. A match between number corresponds to a score of 5 and a don't care corresponds to a score of 1. Figure 30: (a) Structure of a case (antigen or antibody). (b) The match algorithm (see Equation (11)). Figure 32: (a) Typical …