Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Individual Investor Sentiment and Stock Returns: Evidence from the Korean Stock Market

ABSTRACT We investigate the dynamic relationship between individual investor sentiment and stock returns in the Korean stock market. The evidence indicates that individual investor sentiment has no significant explanatory power for cross-sectional stock returns. However, individual investors’ trades can move stock prices in certain stocks by their contrarian behavior, which leads them to implicitly provide liquidity to other market participants. In addition, individual investors earn a small market-adjusted excess return in the short-horizon future as compensation for liquidity provision. Our findings show that short-horizon return predictability of individual investors does not come from their private information.
Asymmetric price transmission due to market power in the case of supply shocks

In this article the market power argument for explaining asymmetric price transmission due to market power in case of supply shocks is examined. Moreover, the potential welfare effects are examined. The analysis is performed using an extension of the Azzam and Schroeter (1995) model comprising both oligopsony and oligopoly instead of just oligopsony. The model is given empirical content using data on the Dutch cucumber chain and assuming Cournot competition among retailers who have market power on either the consumer|retail or growers|retail market or both. The results show that in case of a cucumber supply shock and market power, consumer prices change more than growers' prices. Moreover, total welfare effects of market power are small but potentially large income distribution effects exist. lEconLit citations: L130, Q130.r © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 19: 19-28, 2003.
Executive Coaching as a Transfer of Training Tool: Effects on Productivity in a Public Agency

This action research is the first reported attempt to examine the effects of executive coaching in a public sector municipal agency. Thirty-one managers underwent a conventional managerial training program, which was followed by eight weeks of one-on-one executive coaching. Training increased productivity by 22.4 percent. The coaching, which included: goal setting, collaborative problem solving, practice, feedback, supervisory involvement, evaluation of end-results, and a public presentation, increased productivity by 88.0 percent, a significantly greater gain compared to training alone. Descriptions of procedures, explanations for the results obtained, and suggestions for future research and practice are offered.
Solar and Economic Relationships: A Preliminary Report

Jevons' analysis, 2. — Other theories of cyclical relations: Moore, 4; Huntington, 5. — The solar cycle, 7. — Correlation between solar and economic cycles, 9. —Changes in solar cycles and economic series, 10. — Variation in latitude of sunspots and index of physical production, 11. — Correlation between solar cycles and non-agricultural series, 13. — The explanation of this relation, 23. — Theories: Pigou, 26. — Hexter, 28. — Vallot, 29. — Effect of ultraviolet rays, 31. — The electrical hypothesis, 33. — The volcanic dust theory, 35. — Correlation between temperature and business activity, 38. — Correlation between monthly figures of the "preferred solar constant," business activity, and solar radiation, 42. — The last depression and the psychological theory, 45. — Monthly variations in speculation and solar activity for 1929, 46. — Sunspots in the central zone and speculation, 49. — Conclusion, 51.
The Effect of Auditor Quality on Financing Decisions

We present a model and provide empirical evidence showing that auditor quality affects companies' financing decisions, and that better audit quality reduces the impact of market conditions on client financial decisions and capital structure. Consistent with our analytical predictions, we find that companies audited by Big 6 firms are more likely to issue equity as opposed to debt than are those audited by small audit firms. We also find that companies audited by Big 6 auditors are able to make larger equity issues than are those audited by small auditors, but the difference narrows when market conditions improve. Additional results show that the debt ratios of companies decrease less in response to favorable market conditions when auditor quality is high, at least over the medium term.
The theory of option valuation.

Although options have been traded for many centuries , it has remained a relatively thinly traded finan cial instrument. Paradoxicall y, th e theory of option pricing has been studied extens ively. Thi s is du e to t he fact that many of the financial instruments t hat are t rade d in the market place have an option-like structure, and thus the development of a methodology for option-pricing may lead to a gen eral m ethodology for t he pri cing of th ese deri vative-assets. This thesis will focus on the development of th e t heory of option pricmg. Initially, a fundam ental principle that underlies th e theory of option valuation will be given. This will be followed by a discussion of th e different types of option pri cing models that are prevalent in th e lit erature. Special attention will then be given to a detailed derivation of both the Black-Scholes and the Binomial Option pricing models , whi ch will be followed by a proof of the convergence of the Binomial pri cing model to the Black-Scholes model. The Black-Schol es model will be adapted to take into account the payment of dividends, th e possibility of a changing inter est rate and th e possibility of a stochasti c varian ce for the ra t e of return on the underlying as set. Several applications of the Black-Schol es model will finall y be presented.
Intellectual capital at the crossroads: managing, measuring, and reporting of IC

This introductory editorial to the special issue “IC at the crossroads: theory and research” explains the rationale and background to the studies. In addition it outlines reasons why the field of intellectual (IC) capital is at the crossroads. It seems that awareness of the importance of IC has been created. It is now the role of researchers as well as practitioners to move to the next level. This next level involves issues around taxonomies as well as research methodologies. In order to move on, precise definitions of concepts such as IC, better justifications of why organizations need to measure and manage IC, and increased clarity about terms such as measurement, assessment, or valuation are needed. In addition, more rigorous research methods are needed in order to test and validate existing theories in the field.
The Regional Distribution of Skill Premia in Urban China

We document and discuss the implications of a sharp increase in the regional dispersion of skill premia in China in recent years. This has previously been little noted or discussed. We use three urban household surveys for 1995, 2002, and 2007 and estimate skill premia at provincial and city levels. Results show an increase in the skill premium across all regions between 1995 and 2002, but only coastal regions show significant increases in skill premia between 2002 and 2007. For 2007, coastal regions also have much higher within region wage inequality and this contributes more to overall urban wage inequality than within region inequality of non-coastal regions. Using a fixed effects model at city level, we find that ownership restructuring is a significant factor in driving up skill premia during the first period, and that the ongoing process of China's integration into the global economy plays a significant and regionally concentrated role in the second period.
A primal-dual algorithm for data gathering based on matrix completion for Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we proposed a novel matrix completion algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks. Our contribution is twofold. First, we propose a general formulation of the problem of data gathering as a tractable convex optimization problem on the Hilbert space of data measurement matrices. The proposed criterion takes full advantage of both the global features, particularly low rank nature of data, and local features namely the sparsity and the spatio-temporal correlation in the sensors data to improve the recovery accuracy. Second, we design a new class of primal-dual optimization approach in order to optimize the resulting regularized criterion. Experiments carried out on two datasets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods for low sampling rate and achieves a good recovery accuracy even if the sampling rate is very low.
Anti-hypercholesterolemic activity of Juniperus communis Lynn Oil in rats: A biochemical and histopathological investigation

The aromatic fruit, its extract and the oil of Juniperus Communis Lynn (JCL), a tree species that grows in the Mediterranean and Isparta region, have been commonly used at least for three centuries as herbal treatment and in the field of medicine. The aim of this study was to apply JCL in various doses to rats in the treatment of hypercholesterolemy and analyse the biochemical parameters and the hystopathologic effects on kidney tissue. In this study 35 adult male Wistar albino rats of 200-250 gr in weight were used. The rats were divided into 5 equal groups of 7. The control group was fed with normal pellet chow, the cholesterol (Chol) group was fed with pellet chow containing 2% of cholesterol, and the 50 JCL, 100 JCL and 200 JCL groups were fed with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg JCL oil, respectively in addition to the 2% cholesterol-containing pellet chow. JCL was dissolved in 0.5% Sodium Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (SCMC) and administered by a gavage needle. The experiment was ended 30 days later and blood and kidney tissue samples were taken. A complete blood test and biochemical measurements were made. Kidney tissues were analysed histopathologically. The administration of 200 mg/kg JCL led to a significant increase in BUN and Crea levels. The administration of chol increased the TC level significantly, but the administration of JCL together with chol prevented this increase. The administration of chol led a significant increase in Ox-LDL levels. However, the administration of 200 mg/kg JCL together with chol did not result in a significant increase. At the end of the study it was found that the JCL oil showed an anti-hypercholesterolemic effect. While no anemic effect and no distinct change overall were observed in all groups, a distinct focal damage was observed in the tubular cast structure.
Bioavailability of dexmedetomidine after extravascular doses in healthy subjects.

AIM To determine the absolute bioavailability of extravascularly administered dexmedetomidine, a novel a2-adrenoceptor agonist, in healthy subjects. METHODS Single 2 microg x kg-1 doses of dexmedetomidine were given intravenously, intramuscularly, perorally and buccally (where the solution is not swallowed) to 12 healthy male subjects. The drug concentration-time data were analysed using linear one-compartment (buccal and peroral data), or two-compartment modelling (intravenous data), or noncompartmental methods (intramuscular data). RESULTS Mean (95% CI) absolute bioavailability after peroral, buccal and intramuscular administration was 16% (12-20%), 82% (73-92%) and 104% (96-112%), respectively. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine is well absorbed systemically through the oral mucosa, and therefore buccal dosing may provide an effective, noninvasive route to administer the drug.
Developing Historical 50-State Indices of Innovation Capacity and Commercialization Capacity

Recent attention to innovation as the core of a knowledge-based economy has resulted in an array of studies and reports that seek to measure states' relative ranks as they advance their economic agendas. This study improves on state performance measurement by distinguishing innovation capacity from innovation outcomes by examining change over a 20-year period with consistent measures and by empirically grouping measures into core resource categories using factor analysis. Factor analysis is used to generate new measures of innovation capacity, and the efficacy of these new measures is tested using pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis to examine their effects on state patent generation. The findings indicate moderate to strong impacts of the innovation capacity variables on patent generation; the results provide a new grounded metric for examining state capacity for innovation and state financial capacity for commercialization over time.
The snuffbox arteriovenous fistula for vascular access.

OBJECTIVES to determine the applicability, patency rates and factors influencing patency of snuffbox arteriovenous fistulae for haemodialysis access. DESIGN retrospective non-randomised study. MATERIALS AND METHODS patency was determined by reference to an ongoing database and dialysis records of 645 vascular access procedures between 1985 and 1997, including 210 snuffbox fistulae in 201 patients. RESULTS snuffbox fistulae comprised 189/376 (50%) primary procedures. Records of 208 snuffbox fistulae were available for patency analysis by the life-table method. Twenty-two (11%) thrombosed within 24 hours of operation. After six weeks 80% were used for dialysis. Cumulative patency was 65% at 1 year and 45% at 5 years. After thrombosis of snuffbox fistulae, ipsilateral wrist fistulae could be constructed in 45%. Fistula patency was significantly better in men than women (p<0.001) and for left- than right-sided fistulae (p<0.001). Diabetes, age >70 years, and the prior commencement of haemodialysis did not significantly affect fistula survival. CONCLUSIONS the snuffbox AV fistula gives a long segment of arterialised vein for needling and preserves proximal vessels. It is feasible in 50% of patients requiring primary access and has good long-term patency, especially in men. A more proximal fistula may be preferable in women with smaller vessels.
Does density exacerbate income segregation? Evidence from U.S. metropolitan areas, 1980 to 2000

Abstract A fundamental goal of many smart growth efforts is to promote greater socioeconomic equity through more compact development. In this article, we point out that the connection between the built environment and socioeconomic outcomes may be more complex than it is generally portrayed to be, particularly in light of recent trends in urban and regional development. Through an empirical analysis involving two measures of income segregation, dissimilarity and isolation, in a national data set of metropolitan areas from 1980 to 2000, we illustrate that the relationship between density and income segregation follows a quadratic function, first rising, then falling, as densities increase. Moreover, changes in density—whether increases or decreases—always increased segregation. These findings suggest that, if greater socioeconomic equity is a goal, smart growth programs need to pay as much attention to market forces and the underlying political landscape as they do to the built environment.
Internal Audit Assistance and External Audit Timeliness

SUMMARY: Professional standards guide external auditors to consider the effect of the client's internal audit work and opportunities to utilize the direct assistance of the internal audit function when planning and conducting audits. We examine the effect of internal audit assistance on external audit timeliness via the extent of external audit delay. We hypothesize and find that internal audit assistance is negatively associated with external audit delay. We also document moderating relationships between internal audit assistance and other internal audit environment characteristics, such as the extent of internal control reliance, coordination with the external auditor, and the investment in internal audit quality. Overall, our findings have implications for firms and external auditors who are evaluating the role and use of internal audit functions. Namely, our findings suggest that internal audit assistance may not only result in audit cost savings, but also in greater audit efficiencies. These finding.
Extracting line representations of sulcal and gyral patterns in MR images of the human brain

This paper describes automatic procedures for extracting sulcal and gyral patterns from magnetic resonance (MR) images of the human brain. Specifically, the authors present three algorithms for the extraction of gyri, sulci, and sulcal fundi. These algorithms yield highly condensed line representations which can be used to describe the individual properties of the neocortical surface. The algorithms consist of a sequence of image analysis steps applied directly to the volumetric image data without requiring intermediate data representations such as surfaces or three-dimensional renderings. Previous studies have mostly focused on the extraction of surface representations, rather than line representations of cortical structures. The authors believe that line representations provide a valuable alternative to surface representations.
Oxidative stress and hyperuricaemia: pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and therapeutic implications in chronic heart failure

Heart failure (HF) is a state of chronic deterioration of oxidative mechanisms due to enhanced oxidative stress and consequent subcellular alterations. In this condition, oxidant‐producing enzymes, in particular xanthine oxidase (XO), the major cardiovascular source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are up‐regulated. Growing evidence shows that this impaired oxidative metabolism due to enhanced ROS release is implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular remodelling, and contractility impairment responsible for worsening of cardiac function in CHF. Uric acid (UA) has long been linked with cardiovascular diseases, and hyperuricaemia is a common finding in patients with CHF. Hyperuricaemia is associated with impairment of peripheral blood flow and reduced vasodilator capacity, which relate closely to clinical status and reduced exercise capacity. Recent studies also suggest an association between UA levels and parameters of diastolic function; more importantly, UA has emerged as a strong independent prognostic factor in patients with CHF. In this review, we describe the up‐to‐date experimental and clinical studies that have begun to test whether the inhibition of XO translates into meaningful beneficial pathophysiological changes. This treatment gives evidence that myocardial energy, endothelial dysfunction, and vasodilator reactivity to exercise are improved by reducing markers of oxidative stress responsible for vascular dysfunction, so it represents an interesting therapeutic alternative for better outcome in CHF patients.
CB2 receptor‐mediated antihyperalgesia: possible direct involvement of neural mechanisms

In mouse the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonists L768242 and (+)‐AM1241, at doses of 30 mg/kg i.p. and 1 and 3 mg/kg i.v. , respectively, reduced the second phase of nocifensive behaviors elicited by formalin intraplantar injection. This effect was counteracted by the selective CB2 antagonist SR144528 (1 mg/kg i.p.). In rat (+)‐AM1241 (3 and 6 mg/kg i.v.) and L768242 (30 mg/kg i.p.) reduced allodynia elicited by L5–L6 spinal nerve ligation. SR144528 reverted these effects, supporting a CB2‐mediated action. To clarify the mechanisms underlying these effects we investigated CB2 gene expression and function in the nervous system. CB2 mRNA was expressed in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of both sham and neuropathic rats and was up‐regulated in the ipsilateral spinal cord of neuropathic rats. Expression studies demonstrated the presence of CB2 mRNA in culture of spinal cord microglia. A biomarker, CGRP, was used to investigate modulation of DRG primary afferents by CB2 agonists. Both L768242 and (+)‐AM1241 dose dependently (EC50 of 3.6 and 4.5 nm, respectively) reduced capsaicin‐induced calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) release. Coadministration of SR144528 resulted in a rightforward shift (pKB 8.1 and 8.2 for (+)‐AM1241 and L768242, respectively) of the dose–response curve. Experiments on capsaicin‐induced CGRP release in tissue from CB1–/– mice ruled out a CB1‐mediated effect. These results confirm that CB2 is present in the central nervous system and suggest that CB2 agonists may elicit their analgesic effect by acting not only at non‐neuronal peripheral sites but also at neural level, making CB2 an attractive target for chronic pain treatment.
Political Risk and Purchases of Privatized State-Owned Enterprises

We assess the valuation effects and risk for acquirers of privatized state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The valuation effects of purchasers are positive and significant; they increase for purchasers that have recent high performance, better access to capital, and have engaged in larger acquisitions. The acquirer valuation effects are lower when the selling government is more corrupt, more bureaucratic, and a weaker financial performer. Acquirer's total and unsystematic risk increases, indicating that purchasers of SOEs realize diversification benefits. Systematic risk increases for purchasers when the government is characterized by high political risk.
Effects of pericardiectomy on training- and myocardial infarction-induced left ventricular hypertrophy, chamber dimensions and gene expression

Abstract The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether a pericardiectomy (PERI) alters training- or myocardial infarction (MI)-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), chamber geometry, gene expression and/or running performance. Mice were randomized into 6 groups: naïve control (CONT)-sedentary (Sed), CONT-trained (Tr), PERI-Sed, PERI-Tr, MI-Sed and MI-Tr. MI mice also received a pericardiectomy as part of the MI surgical procedure. 10 weeks of treadmill running resulted in enhanced running performance-to-exhaustion in all 3 trained groups (CONT-Tr, PERI-Tr, MI-Tr) compared to sedentary cohorts (P<0.001). Training also resulted in similar increases in normalized LVH (LV/BW) in CONT-Tr and PERI-Tr mice. 2D-echocardiographic evaluation of LV internal chamber dimensions revealed that stroke diameter (SD) was larger in PERI compared to MI (P<0.01) but not CONT mice. Ventricular B-type natriuretic peptide mRNA (BNP) was elevated only in the 2 MI groups. Left ventricle β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and melusin transcripts both demonstrated an overall increase in trained compared to sedentary mice (both P<0.05). Additionally long-term pericardiectomy did not further enhance running performance or increase LV/BW in either sedentary or trained mice.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α, a multifunctional nuclear receptor associated with cardiovascular disease and cholesterol catabolism

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of death worldwide, are associated with high plasma cholesterol levels. The conversion of cholesterol to bile acids (BAs) accounts for about 50 % of total cholesterol elimination from the body. This phenomenon occurs in the liver and is regulated by nuclear receptors such as hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α). Therefore, special emphasis is given to HNF-4α properties and its multifunctional role, particularly in the conversion of cholesterol to BAs. HNF-4α is a highly conserved transcription factor that has the potential capacity to transactivate a vast number of genes, including CYP7 which codes for cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1; EC 1.14.13.17), the rate-limiting enzyme of BA biosynthesis. The fact that HNF-4α transactivation potential can be modulated via phosporylation is of particular interest. Additional findings on structural and functional characteristics of HNF-4α may eventually present alternatives to control the levels of cholesterol in the body and consequently reduce the risk of CVDs.