Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary Internal Fixation of Unilateral C1 Lateral Mass Sagittal Split Fractures: A Series of 3 Cases

Study Design Retrospective case review of adult patients who sustained C1 lateral mass sagittal split fractures treated with primary internal fixation. Objective To present the outcomes of patients treated with primary C1 open reduction and internal fixation of this previously described injury. Summary of Background Data The majority of C1 fractures can be effectively treated nonoperatively with external immobilization unless there is an injury to the transverse atlantal ligament. We have previously described an uncommon fracture variant involving a unilateral sagittal split of the C1 lateral mass with high propensity for late deformity and pain, despite lack of compromise to the transverse atlantal ligament. Methods A retrospective review of all patients with C1 fractures between September 2002 and October 2008 identified 3 consecutive patients from a level I trauma center (Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA) with this unique C1 lateral mass fracture treated with primary internal fixation without fusion. Patients' charts and radiographs were reviewed. Results One patient died within 2 weeks of injury owing to associated injuries. The 2 survivors had follow-up averaging 14 months. Both went on to stable healing with satisfactory alignment. Rotational range of motion averaged an arc of 120 degree at final follow-up. No patient went on to develop the previously described “cock-robin” deformity from subluxation of the lateral mass with settling of the occiput onto the C2 lateral mass. Conclusions Patients with a unilateral sagittal split of the C1 lateral mass can be successfully managed with primary open reduction and internal fixation with a transversely oriented construct using C1 lateral mass screws. Internal fixation of the atlas without fusion prevents progressive, painful deformity and the need for complex occipitocervical reconstruction procedures that have been reported with nonoperative management of these injuries.
Otto Fritz Meyerhof and the elucidation of the glycolytic pathway.

The elucidation of the glycolytic pathway, the process whereby glucose is converted into pyruvate and ATP, began in 1860 when Louis Pasteur observed that microorganisms were responsible for fermentation. Several years later, in 1897, Eduard Buchner made the significant discovery that cell-free extracts could carry out fermentation. The next important contribution was from Arthur Harden and William Young in 1905. They realized that inorganic phosphate was necessary for glycolysis and that fermentation requires the presence of both a heat-labile component they called “zymase” and a low molecular weight, heat-stable fraction called “cozymase. ” (It was later shown that zymase contains a number of enzymes whereas cozymase consists of metal ions, ATP, ADP, and coenzymes such as NAD.) Building on these initial observations, the complete glycolytic pathway was elucidated by 1940 by the combined efforts of several scientists including Otto Fritz Meyerhof (1884–1951). Meyerhof was born in Hanover, Germany and grew up in Berlin. In 1909, he graduated as a doctor of medicine from the University of Heidelberg. Around this time, Ludolf von Krehl was building a small research program on metabolism at the University of Heidelberg Medical Clinic, and he offered Meyerhof a position in his laboratory. There, Meyerhof met Otto Warburg whose innovative ideas and confident approach inspired him to focus his career on physiological chemistry. In 1912, Meyerhof took a position at the University of Kiel. A year later, he delivered a lecture on the energetics of living cells, one of the very first adaptations of the physical laws of thermodynamics to physiological chemistry. Meyerhof had recognized that after energy is input as food it is transformed through a series of intermediate steps and finally dissipated as heat. He soon began using muscle to look at energy transformations and chemical changes during cellular function. Meyerhof was also interested in analogies between oxygen respiration in muscle and alcoholic fermentation in yeast and proved, in 1918, that the coenzymes involved in lactic acid production were the same as the yeast coenzymes discovered by Harden and Young, revealing an underlying unity in biochemistry. Soon after World War I, Meyerhof began collaborating with Archibald Vivian Hill who was investigating heat production in muscle. The pair worked to decipher metabolism in terms of heat development, mechanical work, and cellular chemical reactions. Meyerhof determined that glycogen is converted to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen and showed that in the presence of oxygen only a small portion of lactic acid is oxidized and the rest is converted back to glycogen. This discovery of the lactic acid cycle provided the first evidence of the cyclical
Impact of humidity on functionality of on-paper printed electronics

A multilayer coated paper substrate, combining barrier and printability properties was manufactured utilizing a pilot-scale slide curtain coating technique. The coating structure consists of a thin mineral pigment layer coated on top of a barrier layer. The surface properties, i.e. smoothness and surface porosity, were adjusted by the choice of calendering parameters. The influence of surface properties on the fine line printability and conductivity of inkjet-printed silver lines was studied. Surface roughness played a significant role when printing narrow lines, increasing the risk of defects and discontinuities, whereas for wider lines the influence of surface roughness was less critical. A smooth, calendered surface resulted in finer line definition, i.e. less edge raggedness. Dimensional stability and its influence on substrate surface properties as well as on the functionality of conductive tracks and transistors were studied by exposure to high/low humidity cycles. The barrier layer of the multilayer coated paper reduced the dimensional changes and surface roughness increase caused by humidity and helped maintain the conductivity of the printed tracks. Functionality of a printed transistor during a short, one hour humidity cycle was maintained, but a longer exposure to humidity destroyed the non-encapsulated transistor.
Genetic stability and xanthan gum production in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris NRRL B1459

A transposon (Tn5‐SC) was constructed that can be used to quantify genetic deletions or amplifications. This transposon was used to evaluate the genomic stability of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris NRRL B1459 and we found that the genome of this bacterium is as stable as other Gram‐negative bacteria or even more stable. Homologous recombination between plasmid sequences was determined in strain NRRL B1459 and was found to occur at a similar level to that reported for other Gram‐negative bacteria. We report here that in X.c. c. NRRL B1459 there is no straightforward correlation between the occurrence of genetic rearrangements and frequency of homologous recombination. These data are discussed with respect to the reported instability of strain NRRL B1459 for xanthan gum production.
Klemmensen : The Immunological Synapse

The induction of a proper adaptive immune response is dependent on the correct transfer of information between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and antigen-specific T cells. Defects in information transfer may result in the development of diseases, e.g. immunodeficiencies and autoimmunity. A distinct 3-dimensional supramolecular structure at the T cell/APC interface has been suggested to be involved in the information transfer. Due to its functional analogy to the neuronal synapse, the structure has been termed the “immunological synapse” (IS). Here, we review molecular aspects concerning IS formation, appearance, and cessation. In addition, proposed functions of the IS are discussed. The process of IS formation occurs in a sequential manner, initially causing a remarkable large-scale redistribution of a number of integral membrane and cytosolic proteins. At the T cell/APC interface the structure comprises in its nascent stage a non-random pattern of protein distribution. The protein pattern is regulated during development of the mature IS and is finally organized into concentric rings of co-receptors and adhesive molecules surrounding the T cell antigen receptor (TCR). The relocations of proteins are influenced by passive as well as active mechanisms. Considering the IS as a device enabling cell-cell communication, clarification of its exact function is of huge general as well as therapeutic interest.
The influencing mechanism of personality traits on team performance: An empirical study based on creative product development project

The previous researches on influencing factors of team performance mainly focus on its direct influencing factors such as personality traits, ability, team member role, mutual trust atmosphere, cooperation and conflict management but seldom on the mechanism among them. Using data from a nationwide survey of 238 team members of creative product development, we use teamwork quality(communication, coordination, balance of member contributions, mutual support, cohesion)as the mediator and quantiflcationally analyze the effects of personality traits (emotional stability, extraversión, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness)on team performance(team efficiency, team effect). The result shows that personality traits influence team performance by influencing teamwork quality and teamwork quality plays a completely mediator role between personality traits and team performance. We also discuss the implications of this study for research and practice and conclude with suggestions for future research directions.
GPU based direct illuminance values computation for interactive lighting CAD

In this work we focus our attention on real-time direct illuminance values computation using dedicated 3D graphics hardware compatible with OpenGL 2 standard. Our method works with real light intensity distribution measured for lighting ﬁxtures by enconding it in a texture for GPU data comunication. Illuminance values are reprensented in real-time by using a perceptual based colour scale. Illuminance computation is limited to direct light. This is not a severe limitation for exterior and road lighting design
Magnetic resonance imaging of old myocardial infarction in young patients with a history of Kawasaki disease

Background: On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) as contrast medium, images of infarct regions are enhanced in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In old myocardial infarction (OMI), thinning of the myocardial walls is present, but images are no longer enhanced by Gd‐DTPA. On the other hand, MI in children with a history of Kawasaki disease (KD), several differences from adult MI are observed.
Scaling limit of silicon nano-wire waveguides

The scaling limit and optical clock frequency limit of silicon nano-wire waveguides are investigated, and a comparison between optical waveguides and electric wiring is made. The evaluation method involves investigating a confinement factor and dispersion. The confinement factor is a major factor in the scaling limit. In the terahertz region of clock frequency, dispersion becomes another major factor of the scaling limit. As a result, in 1THz, 1cm of on-chip waveguide length, the minimum waveguide width is 270nm with a wavelength of 1.55 μm. This width is four times as large as the 70nm of global wire width in 32nm node. However, clock frequency is improved by three orders.
Effect of delapril/manidipine vs olmesartan/ hydrochlorothiazide combination on insulin sensitivity and fibrinogen in obese hypertensive patients.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of delapril/manidipine vs olmesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combination on insulin sensitivity and plasma fibrinogen in obese hypertensive patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS After a 4-week placebo period, 88 obese, hypertensive (DBP >95 and <110 mmHg) outpatients were randomized to delapril 30 mg/manidipine 10 mg combination or to olmesartan 20 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg combination for 24 weeks according to a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel group design. At the end of the placebo period and treatment period, clinical BP, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), plasma insulin, insulin sensitivity (by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and plasma fibrinogen were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity was expressed as the amount of glucose infused during the last 30 minutes (glucose infusion rate, GIR) in mg/Kg/min. The total glucose requirement (TGR) to maintain a steady-state blood glucose level in response to a defined increase in plasma insulin concentration was also evaluated. RESULTS Both combinations significantly reduced SBP/DBP values (-22.3/16.4 mmHg and -22.6/17.2 mmHg, respectively, all p <0.001 vs placebo). GIR was significantly increased only by delapril/manidipine (+3.01 mg/min/Kg, p=0.038 vs placebo), the difference between treatments being significant (p <0.05). TGR was significantly increased by delapril/manidipine (+9.7 g, p=0.034), while it was unaffected by olmesartan/HCTZ. Plasma insulin as well as fibrinogen were significantly reduced by delapril/manidipine (-17.8 pmol/l, p=0.047 and -67.5 mg/dl, p=0.021, respectively), but not by olmesartan/HCTZ, the difference between the two treatments being statistically significant (p <0.05). CONCLUSION In obese hypertensive patients the delapril/manidipine combination but not the olmesartan/HCTZ combination significantly decreased insulin resistance and plasma fibrinogen levels, despite the similar BP lowering efficacy.
Analysis of testicular‐internal spermatic vein variation and the recreation of varicocoele in a Sprague‐Dawley rat model

Many laboratories tried to recreate the varicocoele model have met with varied success. To recreate a consistent varicocoele model by exploring the anatomic variability of the testicular‐spermatic venous system in Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. Seventy‐two sexually mature SD male rats were randomly divided into three groups containing 24 rats per group. Partial ligation of the left renal vein and internal spermatic vein (ISV) communicating branches to common iliac vein and ISV communicating branches ligation (RVISVCBCIV) or partial ligation of the left renal vein and ISV communicating branches ligation (RVISVCB). The results showed that the mean diameter of the left ISV was significantly increased in the RVISVCBCIV group compared with the control and RVISVCB groups (p < 0.001). Using ISV as the reference, the sensitivity of varicocoele was 71.43%, and the specificity was 80%. In addition, the positive predictive value was 83.33%, and the negative predictive value was 66.67%. Sperm count, motility, Johnsen score and the spermatogenic cell density were lower in the RVISVCBCIV group compared with the control (p < 0.01). The apoptotic index was higher in the RVISVCBCIV group compared with control groups (p < 0.01). The RVISVCBCIV provides a more effective method for establishing a varicocoele‐induced model.
Attractor-Based Fitness Landscapes for Computational Decision Search

Managerial decision making involves searches for alternative courses of action, including searches for technological innovations. A substantial stream of computational work on managerial decision making has been based on search using Kauffman's NK landscape model, which represents fitness or payoff values to a discrete set of binary strings. In this paper, we propose a new method for landscape generation, the method of superposition of attractors, in which the fitness landscape is continuous. We introduce the attractor-based (AB) fitness landscape model, the core model based on this method, with parameters specifying the number of attractors and the steepnesses and heights of landscape peaks in the neighborhoods of attractors. We then describe search using this model, consider issues in implementing the search process, and provide an example of applying the model to studying exploration and exploitation. Next, we compare the AB and NK landscape approaches and identify some advantages and disadvantages of the AB approach relative to the NK approach. Advantages of the AB model include more control over the shape of the fitness landscape, applicability to outcomes not arising from intraorganizational interdependence, and visualization. We then consider customizations and generalizations of the model, including applications to coordinated exploration and resource partitioning processes.
The Life Skills Profile: psychometric properties of a measure assessing function and disability in schizophrenia

The Life Skills Profile (LSP) was developed as a measure of function and disability in schizophrenia. We now report a number of studies assessing its psychometric properties, principally when completed by case workers, residential carers and parents. We demonstrate high test‐retest reliability for all 3 rater groups. High interrater reliability was demonstrated between raters of the same background (such as parent vs parent) and when co‐ratings by caseworkers and residential carers were examined. By contrast, parents rated differently to case workers and residential carers, a finding that could reflect different raters “knowing” subjects in different ways, or the effects of response biases. To pursue the latter possibility, the influences of rater “burden of care” and “optimism” were examined. A concurrent validity study is reported, offering additional support for the validity of the measure.
Dative Subjects and the Rise of Positional Licensing inIcelandic

We present the results of research on two areas of Icelandic historical syntax: dative subjects and V1 word order. These strands of syntax had previously been examined independently, but were found to be intimately connected as part of a broader collaboration between theoretical and computational linguistics involving the Icelandic Parsed Historical Corpus (IcePaHC). The interaction we found between V1 declaratives and dative subjects provides evidence for: a) changes over time with respect to the association of dative arguments with the subject role (contra Barðdal and Eythórsson 2009); b) the gradual development of left peripheral structure and the rise of positional licensing (in line with Kiparsky 1995, 1997). We provide an analysis of positional licensing in LFG terms and account for the newly observed complex interaction between datives, subjects and word order presented in this paper.
Methods for delineation of functional regions using data on commuters

A functional region is a territorial unit resulting from the organisation of social and economic relations that is characterised by high frequency of intra-regional interactions. This uniform territorial unit often presents an important platform for development strategies of the country or region, and should combine different functions and their interactions on different scales. For their delineation one may consider different methods and different directly or indirectly geo-referenced data, such as population flows, trade in goods and services, communications, traffic flows, service connections, newspaper circulation, financial flows, etc. From the mentioned interactions, the daily interaction in the labour market can be considered as a good approximation for the functional region, and as such is used in most European countries. The paper analyses different methodologies for delineation of functional regions using only data on commuters between Slovenian municipalities. Tree methods were compared and tested: two already described in the literature, local labour market approach, and commuting zone approach and here suggested commuting aggregation approach. A case study for Slovenia was conducted.
Do Industry-Specific Performance Measures Predict Returns? The Case of Same-Store Sales

Retailers and restaurants can grow revenues either by building new locations or by increasing sales at existing locations. Same-store sales growth is considered to be a more reliable indicator of firm performance than sales growth through new locations, but investors may not always differentiate between the two types of revenue growth, generating predictability in returns. I show that same-store sales growth forecasts equity returns in the cross-section, that it generates significant spreads in portfolio alphas, and that it forecasts future return-on-assets.
Genetic variation in the invasive weed Mikania micrantha (Asteraceae) suggests highways as corridors for its dispersal in southern China

Background and Aims Roads as corridors of seed or fruit spatial dispersal have major impacts on the establishment and spread of invasive species, but their precise role in population genetic variation remains poorly understood. The South American weed Mikania micrantha has spread rapidly across southern China since its introduction to the Shenzhen area in 1984. This study investigated how its genetic diversity is distributed along highways, and whether highways have acted as corridors for the rapid expansion of M. micrantha. Methods Twenty-seven roadside populations were sampled along four highways in southern China, and 787 samples were examined using 12 microsatellite markers. Variation in genetic diversity among populations was quantified and patterns of genetic differentiation were analysed. Key Results A high level of genetic diversity was found at both the species and the population levels in this self-incompatible plant (expected heterozygosity = 0·497 and 0·477, respectively; allelic richness = 2·580 and 2·521, respectively). The Wright F-statistic value among populations (0·044, P < 0·01) and the analysis of molecular variance (91 % of genetic variation residing within populations, 9 % among populations within highways and 0 % among the four highways) showed a relatively low level of genetic differentiation among populations, while the principal coordinate and cluster analyses also indicated a lack of clear geographical genetic structure among populations. The calculated Nm value of 5·5 signifies strong gene flow. Conclusions The pattern of genetic variation is consistent with facilitated dispersal along highways. The genetic admixtures among the roadside populations imply the occurrence of multiple population introductions during colonization. The long-distance dispersal of seeds associated with vehicular transportation on highways may have played important roles in shaping the genetic variation. This finding highlights the importance of highways as corridors for the spread of M. micrantha in southern China.
Herd Behaviour in Stock Exchange Alliances: The Case of EURONEXT

Research in herding has been prolific in recent decades engulfing a large array of national markets in its scope. However, despite the growing trend towards the formation of alliances among stock markets globally, the examination of herding in those alliances has been largely overlooked. We fill this gap by investigating this issue in the context of the EURONEXT for the April 2002 - April 2008 period on the premises of its two key indices (EURONEXT100; NEXT150). Results indicate that herding there is significant, irrespective of the state of the market, yet its significance evaporates once controlling for the effect of size, industrial and country classification.