Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Spatiotemporal Analysis of Odorants at the Level of the Olfactory Receptor Sheet

Activity in two separate regions of the frog olfactory mucosa was sampled by simultaneously recording the summated neural discharges from the olfactory nerve branches originating from them. The difference in the activity from these two regions in response to a stimulus was measured by: (a) the ratio of the response amplitude recorded from the lateral nerve branch to that recorded from the medial nerve branch (LB/MB ratio), (b) the latency difference (or time interval) between these two responses. Equal concentrations of four different odorants were drawn into the nose by an artificially produced sniff of known dimensions. At each concentration in every animal the four chemicals were ranked in order of the magnitudes of their LB/MB ratios and again in order of their latency differences. Regardless of their concentration, the same chemicals fell into the same ranks in different animals. In addition, for each chemical the magnitudes of the ratios and latency differences showed only minimal changes with concentration. Thus, spatiotemporal patterns of relative response magnitudes and latency differences across the mucosa differentially represented the odorants. Such a spatiotemporal code, together with physicochemical considerations, suggested that the nose separates vapors in a manner similar to a gas chromatograph. This is further supported by the previously observed reversal of the ratio patterns with reversal of air flow direction through the olfactory sac.
Comparing the Predictive Abilities of Phenotypic and Marker‐Assisted Selection Methods in a Biparental Lettuce Population

Breeding for traits with polygenic inheritance is a challenging task that can be done by phenotypic selection, marker‐assisted selection (MAS) or genome‐wide selection. We comparatively evaluated the predictive abilities of four selection models on a biparental lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) population genotyped with 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 205 amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. These models were based on (i) phenotypic selection, (ii) MAS (with quantitative trait locus (QTL)‐linked markers), (iii) genomic prediction using all the available molecular markers, and (iv) genomic prediction using molecular markers plus QTL‐linked markers as fixed covariates. Each model's performance was assessed using data on the field resistance to downy mildew (DMR, mean heritability ∼0.71) and the quality of shelf life (SL, mean heritability ∼0.91) of lettuce in multiple environments. The predictive ability of each selection model was computed under three cross‐validation (CV) schemes based on sampling genotypes, environments, or both. For the DMR dataset, the predictive ability of the MAS model was significantly lower than that of the genomic prediction model. For the SL dataset, the predictive ability of the genomic prediction model was significantly lower than that for the model using QTL‐linked markers under two of the three CV schemes. Our results show that the predictive ability of the selection models depends strongly on the CV scheme used for prediction and the heritability of the target trait. Our study also shows that molecular markers can be used to predict DMR and SL for individuals from this cross that were genotyped but not phenotyped.
Simulation of bubbles in foam with the volume control method

Liquid and gas interactions often produce bubbles that stay for a long time without bursting on the surface, making a dry foam structure. Such long lasting bubbles simulated by the level set method can suffer from a small but steady volume error that accumulates to a visible amount of volume change. We propose to address this problem by using the volume control method. We track the volume change of each connected region, and apply a carefully computed divergence that compensates undesired volume changes. To compute the divergence, we construct a mathematical model of the volume change, choose control strategies that regulate the modeled volume error, and establish methods to compute the control gains that provide robust and fast reduction of the volume error, and (if desired) the control of how the volume changes over time.
Diabetes management in the real world and the impact of adherence to guideline recommendations

Abstract Objective: To evaluate diabetes management in the real world, examining adherence to the American Diabetic Association (ADA) guidelines on frequency of glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) testing and antidiabetic treatment modifications in patients with type 2 diabetes and measuring the impact of adherence to the guidelines for achieving an A1C target <7%. Research design and methods: Retrospective analyses of claims data were conducted in three groups of patients aged ≥18 years with at least two diagnoses of type 2 diabetes in a large US health insurance claims database between January 2009 and December 2011 and with A1C ≥7% (≥53 mmol/mol). Descriptive analyses were performed on adherence to A1C testing frequency and adherence to antidiabetic treatment modification. Pearson’s chi-square test and logistic regression were conducted to estimate the odds ratios. Results: Of 42,837 patients evaluated for adherence to the ADA guideline for A1C testing frequency, only 7% were fully adherent for 1 year. Analysis of 95,330 patients for adherence to antidiabetic treatment modification revealed that drug therapy was modified in accordance with ADA guidelines for 39% of patients. Among 1337 treatment-naive patients meeting the selection criteria, only 3% met both testing frequency and treatment modification guidelines; the odds of achieving the A1C target of <7% were approximately five-fold higher in patients who met both guidelines versus those who did not (odds ratio 5.29; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study, based on real-world data from a large type 2 diabetes patient population, demonstrated that adherence to ADA guidelines for A1C testing frequency and drug treatment modifications was extremely low. Achievement of glycemic control (A1C <7%) was significantly associated with adherence to both A1C testing frequency and antidiabetic treatment modification guidelines. Limitations of this study include the retrospective nature, lack of important patient clinical information, and issues with incomplete source data.
Overlapping cluster control mechanism for Particle Swarm Optimization-based clustering algorithm

Its believed that Clustering is as a good solution to the needs of energy efficiency as well as scalability on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Many clustering algorithms have been proposed by researchers that generally ask each node join only to one cluster to minimize energy consumption. However, some applications need some nodes to affiliate to more than one cluster. We propose a mechanism that be inserted in existing clustering algorithms so they able to control the overlapping between clusters without reduce the ability to maintain energy efficiency. In the paper, the mechanism is implemented on a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-based clustering algorithm. PSO is a lightweight heuristic optimization method of computing and quickly achieves convergence that very suitable for WSN system that limited in computation resource. Evaluation shows that the proposed mechanism has succeeded adding to PSO-based clustering an ability to control the overlapping among cluster with a very little degradation of performance on maintaining the balance of energy consumption.
O PROCESSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE ESTRATÉGIAS NA INSTITUIÇÃO DE EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR PRIVADA: MÚLTIPLOS INTERESSES ARTICULADOS NO FORMALISMO

Educação Superior (IES) privada se relaciona com os múltiplos interesses, que se estabelecem entre a IES e a regulamentação governamental. A discussão teórica levou ao entendimento de que essa articulação pode ser esclarecida ao se considerar que na relação entre a mantenedora e a mantida da IES, o processo de formação de estratégias polariza-se num continuum entre a emergência e a deliberação (Mintzberg, 1978; 1988; Mintzberg; Waters, 1985) permeado pelo isomorfismo institucional (DiMaggio; Powell, 1983) que é motivado pela regulamentação governamental. Para legitimar empiricamente essa discussão, realizou-se um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa (Yin, 2001; Triviños, 1987) em uma IES privada. Os dados foram coletados via triangulação (Jick, 1979) e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo (Bardin, 1977, Minayo, 2001). Os resultados evidenciam que a articulação dos múltiplos interesses com a regulamentação governamental fazem com que o processo de formação de estratégias na IES pesquisada siga a uma lógica tipicamente formalística (Riggs, 1964).
Two-Way Video Communication Based on Network Coding

We consider a practical system design for a wireless video conference application, where we exploit the broadcast nature of wireless radio links using network coding. With network coding, the number of necessary downlink transmissions from the intermediate node to the two users is reduced, and thus the throughput is increased. We develop two systems, one based on amplify-and-forward and another on decode-and-forward technique, and compare them to traditional communication systems that do not use network coding. Our practical designs exploit the latest in 3-D wavelet-based scalable video coding and channel coding. Simulation results confirm the advantages of the proposed video communication schemes over conventional ones.
All–analog decoder for a binary (18,9,5) tail–biting trellis code

An all-analog high-speed decoding technique is described which is suitable for magnetic recording (MR) and other computationally demanding applications. A decoder for a binary (18,9,5) tail-biting trellis code, which is much simpler than the codes used for MR, has been chosen to demonstrate this technique. It achieves a decoding rate of 100 Mbit/s at a single 5V power supply. The power consumption is 50mW. Higher speed can essentially be traded for higher power consumption. A comparison shows that a digital implementation is outperformed by more than two orders of magnitude in terms of speed and/or power consumption.
Mutualcast: An Efficient Mechanism for Content Distribution in a Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network

In this paper, we propose Mutualcast, a new delivery mechanism for content distribution in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Compared with prior one-to-many content distribution approaches, Mutualcast splits the to-be-distributed content into many small blocks, so that more resourceful nodes may redistribute more blocks, and less resourceful nodes may redistribute less blocks. Each content block is assigned to a single node for distribution, and the node in charge can be a content-requesting peer node, a non-contentrequesting peer node, or even the source node. The throughput of the distribution is controlled by redistribution queues between the source and the peer nodes. We show that such a strategy fully utilizes the upload bandwidths of all the peer nodes, thereby maximizing the delivery throughput. Furthermore, Mutualcast is simple and flexible. It can be applied to file/software downloading, media streaming, and erasure coded file distribution in a P2P network.
Is dark matter in spiral galaxies cold gas? II. Fractal models and star non-formation

In a companion paper (Paper I) we have proposed a new candidate to account for the dark matter around spiral galaxies: cold H 2 gas in a fractal structure, supported by rotation, and concomitant with the HI disc. We have shown that this hypothesis is compatible with dynamical and observational constraints about disc galaxies, and explains several conspiracies and paradoxes, since the dark matter is then in a form of fresh gas able to produce stars. In this paper we attempt to describe the physical conditions leading to a fractal state of cold gas in outer galaxy discs. Gas cloud models taking into account the recently disclosed fractal structure of cold gas are set up, showing that large errors in the classical gas mass determination based on smooth cloud models can easily follow if the gas is in reality fractal
Predictors of short- and mid-term recurrence of atrial fibrillation after surgical radiofrequency ablation: a six-month transtelephonic electrocardiogram monitoring study.

BACKGROUND Occurrence of symptomatic, paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) prior to admission to hospital for the purposes of cardiac surgery constitutes an indication forconsideration of simultaneous surgical radiofrequency (RF) ablation of such tachyarrhythmia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of surgical RF ablation in the treatment of AF with the application of ECG teletransmission in monitoring patients during a 6-month follow-up period. Furthermore, clinical and echocardiographic risk factors for arrhythmia recurrences were subject to analysis. As per authors' knowledge and literature review, so far no papers devoted to the assessment of efficacy of surgical RF ablation with the use of systematic ECG teletransmission have been published. METHODS The study enrolled 61 patients (20 females) suffering from AF who underwent cardiac surgeries and were additionally subject to surgical RF ablation. The mean age of the subjects was 64 ± 9 years. Efficacy of the procedure was monitored with the application of a system enabling transtelephonic transmission of ECG signal. The study cohort was monitored in the period of 6 months. 2198 ECG recordings were obtained for analysis. RESULTS In the post-hospital follow-up period, no recurrences of AF were observed in the case of 40 (65%) subjects. Post-hospital failure of the surgical RF ablation procedure was associated with an early episode of AF during hospitalization (p = 0.0012), application of monopolar electrode (p = 0.0325) as well as with the surgical procedure performed to treat mitral stenosis (p = 0.0268). CONCLUSIONS Moreover, it was observed that the group of patients without arrhythmia recurrence in the follow-up period was more frequently administered with antiarrhythmic medications (p = 0.0409) and statin (p = 0.0453) prior to the ablation procedure, with statin being more often applied after the procedure (tendency, p = 0.0747). As opposed to ablation in one atrium, biatrial ablation did not result in fewer late arrhythmia recurrences.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA EXPERIÊNCIA DE MARCA NA ATITUDE E INTENÇÃO DE COMPRA: O CASO RED BULL THE INFLUENCE OF BRAND EXPERIENCE IN ATTITUDE AND PURCHASE INTENTION: THE RED BULL CASE

Brands have been focusing in developing strategies that look at memorable and unique experiences for the consumers. This requirement means to seek a relationship of involvement, turning simple consumers into fans, trying to reach high levels of loyalty. This study, framed in the area of experiential marketing, aims to apprehend the experiential evaluation the consumers make of a brand and their purchase intention. For that purpose it was applied to Red Bull the brand experience scale of Brakus et al (2009) divided in four different dimensions, namely the sensorial, affective, intellectual and behavioral dimensions, based on the responses of a sample of 454 individuals.
Nurses' and Nursing Assistants' Reports of Missed Care and Delegation

Objective: Measure RNs' and nursing assistants' reports of frequency and reasons for missed nursing care and identify factors related to successful delegation. Background: Routine nursing tasks were identified as the most commonly occurring omissions. Reasons for omissions included poor utilization of staff resources, time required for the nursing interventions, poor teamwork, ineffective delegation, habit, and denial. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive design. Results: Widespread reports of missed care included turning, ambulating, feeding, mouth care, and toileting. Frequently reported reasons were unexpected increase in volume or acuity, heavy admission or discharge activity, and inadequate support staff. Factors affecting successful delegation were communication and relationship, nursing assistant competence and knowledge, and attitude and workload. Conclusion: Nurse leaders must focus on implementing strategies to mitigate factors and the consequences of care omissions, including poor patient outcomes. An analysis of point-of-care delivery system failures and ineffective processes is essential.
The domestication of self: gender comparisons of self-imagery and self-esteem

Gender comparisons of self-conceptions were made of a systematic random sample of 797 adult Canadians. The Twenty Statements Test and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were the measures used. Given the cultural devaluation of females and the traditional, instrumental focus of males versus the domestic, relational focus of females, the "reflected appraisals" proposition results in a number of hypotheses. Although the family was found to be less salient in the self-imagery of men than of women, the most important conclusion is the similarity of male-female self-conceptions. No sex differences were found in gender salience or self-esteem. The self-conceptions offull-time housewives and women in the labor force were compared. The self-esteem of working wives was significantly higher than that of housewives. However, the family retains its priority for both categories of women. In sum, all respondents showed evidence of "demestication of self. "
Pattern‐based multi‐cloud architecture migration

Many organizations migrate on‐premise software applications to the cloud. However, current coarse‐grained cloud migration solutions have made such migrations a non transparent task, an endeavor based on trial‐and‐error. This paper presents Variability‐based, Pattern‐driven Architecture Migration (V‐PAM), a migration method based on (i) a catalogue of fine‐grained service‐based cloud architecture migration patterns that target multi‐cloud, (ii) a situational migration process framework to guide pattern selection and composition, and (iii) a variability model to structure system migration into a coherent framework. The proposed migration patterns are based on empirical evidence from several migration projects, best practice for cloud architectures and a systematic literature review of existing research. Variability‐based, Pattern‐driven Architecture Migration allows an organization to (i) select appropriate migration patterns, (ii) compose them to define a migration plan, and (iii) extend them based on the identification of new patterns in new contexts. The patterns are at the core of our solution, embedded into a process model, with their selection governed by a variability model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Employer Characteristics Associated With Discrimination Charges Under the Americans With Disabilities Act

Using two administrative data sets from the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), this study examines the relationship between employer and environmental characteristics and Americans With Disability Act (ADA) discrimination charge rate. Results of a multiple regression analysis using a sample of mid- to large-sized private employers indicate that establishment size is negatively correlated with ADA charge rate, whereas several other employer characteristics are positively associated with charge rate, including parent organization size, federal contractor status, transportation or services industries, and relatively high minority representation. One of the main concerns of contemporary disability policy is reducing discrimination in employment, and our findings can inform employers, policymakers, and organizations working with employers to reduce perceived discrimination by identifying those employers most likely to receive charges. Further research is needed to better understand what specific behaviors, practices, and policies within these different types of establishments explain their differential charge rates.
Psychological Well-Being and the Metabolic Syndrome in African and Caucasian Women in South Africa

This study explored the association between comprehensive psychological well-being and the metabolic syndrome (MS), as well as whether women without MS markers differ significantly from women with MS (three or more markers) on specific facets of psychological well-being. African (N=102) and Caucasian (N=115) women completed self-report questionnaires on psychological well-being, and biological markers for MS were determined. Results indicated a significant association between comprehensive psychological well-being and the MS in Caucasian women, but not in the case of African women. Caucasian women without MS had higher levels of perceived support from friends and family, environmental mastery, purpose in life, sense of coherence, affect balance and positive relationships than those with MS. African women without MS had higher levels of positive relationships and an optimistic explanatory style, but lower levels of perceived support from family. Further research is indicated.
Top–Down Modulation of Human Early Visual Cortex after Stimulus Offset Supports Successful Postcued Report

Modulations of sensory processing in early visual areas are thought to play an important role in conscious perception. To date, most empirical studies focused on effects occurring before or during visual presentation. By contrast, several emerging theories postulate that sensory processing and conscious visual perception may also crucially depend on late top–down influences, potentially arising after a visual display. To provide a direct test of this, we performed an fMRI study using a postcued report procedure. The ability to report a target at a specific spatial location in a visual display can be enhanced behaviorally by symbolic auditory postcues presented shortly after that display. Here we showed that such auditory postcues can enhance target-specific signals in early human visual cortex (V1 and V2). For postcues presented 200 msec after stimulus termination, this target-specific enhancement in visual cortex was specifically associated with correct conscious report. The strength of this modulation predicted individual levels of performance in behavior. By contrast, although later postcues presented 1000 msec after stimulus termination had some impact on activity in early visual cortex, this modulation no longer related to conscious report. These results demonstrate that within a critical time window of a few hundred milliseconds after a visual stimulus has disappeared, successful conscious report of that stimulus still relates to the strength of top–down modulation in early visual cortex. We suggest that, within this critical time window, sensory representation of a visual stimulus is still under construction and so can still be flexibly influenced by top–down modulatory processes.