Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serotonin 1A auto‐receptors are not sufficient to modulate anxiety in mice

The neurotransmitter serotonin plays an important role in modulating diverse behavioral traits. Mice lacking the serotonin 1A receptor (Htr1a) show elevated avoidance of novel open spaces, suggesting that it has a role in modulating anxiety behavior. Htr1a is a Gαi‐coupled G‐protein‐coupled receptor expressed on serotonin neurons (auto‐receptor), where it mediates negative feedback of serotonin neuron firing. Htr1a is also expressed on non‐serotonin neurons (hetero‐receptor) in diverse brain regions, where it mediates an inhibitory effect of serotonin on neuronal activity. Debate exists about which of these receptor populations is responsible for the modulatory effects of Htr1a on anxiety. Studies using tissue‐specific transgenic expression have suggested that forebrain Htr1a hetero‐receptors are sufficient to restore normal anxiety behavior to Htr1a knockout mice. At the same time, experiments using tissue‐specific transgenic suppression of Htr1a expression have demonstrated that Htr1a auto‐receptors, but not forebrain hetero‐receptors, are necessary for normal anxiety behavior. One interpretation of these data is that multiple Htr1a receptor populations are involved in modulating anxiety. Here, we aimed to test this hypothesis by determining whether Htr1a auto‐receptors are sufficient to restore normal anxiety to Htr1a knockout animals. Transgenic mice expressing Htr1a under the control of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) promoter showed restored Htr1a‐mediated serotonin negative feedback and hypothermia, but anxiety behavior indistinguishable from that of knockout mice. These data show that, in the absence of Htr1a hetero‐receptors, auto‐receptors are unable to have an impact on anxiety. When combined with previous data, these findings support the hypothesis that Htr1a auto‐receptors are necessary, but not sufficient, to modulate anxiety.
Extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer beta-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns.

Before 1985 at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (2,400 beds), resistance to cefotaxime in clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae involved only species producing inducible class 1 beta-lactamase. Between November 1985 and April 1987, however, 62 isolates (57 of Klebsiella pneumoniae and five of Escherichia coli) showed decreased susceptibility to cefotaxime (mean MIC, 8-16 micrograms/mL). The transferability of cefotaxime resistance in E. coli K12 was demonstrated for 15 of 16 selected isolates. By isoelectric focusing using iodometric detection with 20 mg of ceftriaxone/100 mL and determination of substrate and inhibition profiles, three beta-lactamases mediating cefotaxime resistance were identified as SHV-2 (isoelectric point [pI] 7.6), CTX-1 (pI 6.3), and "SHV-2-type" or SHV-3 (pI 6.98). The three beta-lactamases hydrolyzed penicillins and cephalosporins (including cefotaxime and ceftriaxone) and were therefore designated "extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases" (EBS-Bla). The enzymes conferred to derivatives a high level of resistance to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, and cephalothin and a decreased degree of susceptibility (i.e., MICs increased by 10- to 800-fold) to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. These beta-lactamases did not affect the activity of cephamycins (cefoxitin, cefotetan, moxalactam) or imipenem. Synergy between clavulanate or sulbactam (2 micrograms/mL) and amoxicillin was greater against derivatives producing EBS-Bla than against those producing TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1; this synergy was greater with clavulanate than with sulbactam against derivatives producing SHV-2 and the SHV-2-type enzyme but was similar with clavulanate and sulbactam against those producing CTX-1. A double-disk synergy test performed with cefotaxime and Augmentin disks (placed 30 mm apart, center to center) seemed a useful and specific test for the detection of strains producing EBS-Bla.
Capital accumulation in the long run: The case of Spain, 1850–2000

New series of Spain's capital stock and input are provided for the last one and a half centuries for the first time. Capital stock and input grew at average rates of 3.5 and 3.7 percent per year, respectively, but not at a steady pace since rates accelerated dramatically during the “Golden Age. ” Two major structural changes accompanied this process. The composition of the capital stock and returns to it changed gradually as the contribution of producer durables rose while that of structures declined. Capital deepening took place in the long run. Although the capital–output ratio increased over time, in phases of accelerated growth the productivity of capital rose.
HMPAO SPET does not distinguish obsessive–compulsive and tic syndromes in families multiply affected with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome

Background. Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (GTS) is a familial neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by tics and obsessive–compulsive behaviours (OCB). Previous HMPAO SPET studies of subjects with GTS have shown hypoperfusion of striatal and frontal areas. Studies of patients with primary obsessive–compulsive disorder have shown, in contrast, hyperperfusion of similar areas. Methods. Twenty subjects from five families affected by GTS, including individuals with OCB but no tics, were examined using HMPAO SPET. Results. There were abnormalities of regional cerebral perfusion in individuals with GTS, OCB and tics. Hypoperfusion was in striatal, frontal and temporal areas. There was no hyperperfusion. Conclusions. Regional cerebral blood flow patterns in individuals with OCB in families affected by GTS are comparable to their relatives with GTS and differ from individuals with primary OCD in the absence of a family history of tic disorders.
Absorption Measurement Errors in Single-Mode Fibers Resulting From Re-Emission of Radiation

We investigate errors in small-signal absorption spectra that result from re-emission in single-mode fibers with overlapping absorption and emission spectra. Experiments on Er-doped fibers and simulations of Er- and Yb-doped fibers show that the re-emission can severely distort the spectrum, especially the peak, under common measurement conditions, and underestimate the absorption by well over 10% already at 30-dB peak absorption, if only the source or the detector is spectrally filtered. Re-emission can then be the dominant source of errors. The error increases for higher absorption and higher fiber-NA. For sufficiently high NA, a significant error remains even in the limit of zero absorption and reaches 5% at the peak of a 0.46-NA Yb-doped fiber. Furthermore, in contrast to the high-absorption case, the error is larger at longer wavelengths than at the peak. Simultaneous filtering of both source and detector with 0.1-nm bandwidth reduces the re-emission error to ~1% or less up to 90-dB absorption. Then, detector noise or saturation errors are likely to dominate and render re-emission errors insignificant. A standard amplifier model is well suited to the simulations of the rich physics of single-mode-fiber absorption measurements.
Effects of cypermethrin, propetamphos, and combination involving cypermethrin and propetamphos on lipid peroxidation in mice

Insecticides are the chemicals widely used in agriculture, environmental health, human‐and animal‐health fields. Exposure to insecticides has been associated with many hazardous effects, including antioxidative metabolism. In the current study, the effect of cypermethrin (CYP), propetamphos (PRO) and their mixtures on oxidative stress in mice to understand the possible health effects to animals and human beings was investigated. In the present study, 245 male Albino mice weighing 35–40 g were used. The mice were divided into seven groups. The first group served as the control group. The second and third groups were administered CYP at doses of 5 mg/kg/bw and 10 mg/kg/bw, respectively, and the fourth and fifth groups were given PRO at doses of 2.5 mg/kg/bw and 5.0 mg/kg/bw, respectively. The sixth and seventh groups received combination regimens containing 5 mg/kg/bw CYP plus 2.5 mg/kg/bw PRO and 10 mg/kg/bw CYP plus 5 mg/kg/bw PRO, respectively, in feed for 60 days. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture on the 15th, 45th and 60th days. Serum nitric oxide (NO) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities were measured. In conclusion, the alterations observed in the MDA and NO levels and SOD, CAT, and GSH‐Px activities of the trial groups, demonstrate the administration of certain doses of CYP and PRO, either alone or combined, to mice for a period of 60 days to produce oxidative stress. The degree of oxidative stress was found to be related to the dose administered, the duration of exposure and the administration of the indicated compounds either alone or as a combination. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
Retrieving the effective parameters of metamaterials from the single interface scattering problem

In order to better understand when man-made structures may be considered as metamaterials with effective properties at optical frequencies, we study the scattering (reflection, transmission) of light at a single interface between a uniform half-space and a bulk metamaterial, i.e., a semi-infinite three-dimensional periodic structure. We accurately compute the scattering coefficients between plane waves and Bloch modes and test the validity of the single-Bloch-mode approximation within the metamaterial. The knowledge of the single-interface scattering coefficients allows us to propose an innovative method for deriving effective optical parameters.
A DVS embedded power management for high efficiency integrated SOC in UWB system

The proposed power management module with 1 V low-voltage PWM controller and dynamic self-biasing mechanism is designed to integrate with ultra-wide band (UWB) system. The on-chip pre-regulator with power conditioning circuit provides a constant and noiseless supply voltage. Instead of using large external compensation circuit, the compensation enhancement multistage amplifier increases system loop gain and stabilizes the system. Moreover, the proposed self-biasing mechanism enhances the power conversion efficiency by 4 % through the handover technique. The fabricated power management module occupies 0.356 mm2 silicon in 65nm CMOS. With the excellent line/load transient response and the highest efficiency about 93.5%, the proposed power management has the qualification to be integrated in today's system-on-chip (SoC) applications.
Message Passing Algorithms for Scalable Multitarget Tracking

Situation-aware technologies enabled by multitarget tracking will lead to new services and applications in fields such as autonomous driving, indoor localization, robotic networks, and crowd counting. In this tutorial paper, we advocate a recently proposed paradigm for scalable multitarget tracking that is based on message passing or, more concretely, the loopy sum–product algorithm. This approach has advantages regarding estimation accuracy, computational complexity, and implementation flexibility. Most importantly, it provides a highly effective, efficient, and scalable solution to the probabilistic data association problem, a major challenge in multitarget tracking. This fact makes it attractive for emerging applications requiring real-time operation on resource-limited devices. In addition, the message passing approach is intuitively appealing and suited to nonlinear and non-Gaussian models. We present message-passing-based multitarget tracking methods for single-sensor and multiple-sensor scenarios, and for a known and unknown number of targets. The presented methods can cope with clutter, missed detections, and an unknown association between targets and measurements. We also discuss the integration of message-passing-based probabilistic data association into existing multitarget tracking methods. The superior performance, low complexity, and attractive scaling properties of the presented methods are verified numerically. In addition to simulated data, we use measured data captured by two radar stations with overlapping fields-of-view observing a large number of targets simultaneously.
Is the glycine site half saturated or half unsaturated? Effects of glutamatergic drugs in schizophrenia patients

Purpose of review Current treatments for schizophrenia target the dopamine system. Developments of new treatments that target the glutamate system, however, are under progress, in particular, for the N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor. Compared with dopaminergic treatments, these treatments may show improved efficacy in the treatment of persistent negative symptoms. Recent findings During the past year, clinical trials have been published with several agonists at the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, including glycine, D-serine, D-alanine and with the glycine transport inhibitor, sarcosine. Studies published during the past year indicate highly significant beneficial effects on negative symptoms when these compounds are added to both conventional and newer atypical antipsychotics in efficacy models although an effectiveness trial of current formulations of glycine and D-cycloserine failed to show an overall benefit. Relevant issues across studies may include the compound chosen, its formulation and tolerability, populations studied, and the nature and dose of the base antipsychotic treatment. Summary The present findings continue to support the use of N-methyl-D-aspartate/glycine site agonists as potential new treatments for persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Ongoing work with novel compounds and new formulations may assist in the translation of these advances into clinic-ready pharmacotherapies.
Comparative Analysis of Syntenic Genes in Grass Genomes Reveals Accelerated Rates of Gene Structure and Coding Sequence Evolution in Polyploid Wheat1[W][OA]

Cycles of whole-genome duplication (WGD) and diploidization are hallmarks of eukaryotic genome evolution and speciation. Polyploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) has had a massive increase in genome size largely due to recent WGDs. How these processes may impact the dynamics of gene evolution was studied by comparing the patterns of gene structure changes, alternative splicing (AS), and codon substitution rates among wheat and model grass genomes. In orthologous gene sets, significantly more acquired and lost exonic sequences were detected in wheat than in model grasses. In wheat, 35% of these gene structure rearrangements resulted in frame-shift mutations and premature termination codons. An increased codon mutation rate in the wheat lineage compared with Brachypodium distachyon was found for 17% of orthologs. The discovery of premature termination codons in 38% of expressed genes was consistent with ongoing pseudogenization of the wheat genome. The rates of AS within the individual wheat subgenomes (21%–25%) were similar to diploid plants. However, we uncovered a high level of AS pattern divergence between the duplicated homeologous copies of genes. Our results are consistent with the accelerated accumulation of AS isoforms, nonsynonymous mutations, and gene structure rearrangements in the wheat lineage, likely due to genetic redundancy created by WGDs. Whereas these processes mostly contribute to the degeneration of a duplicated genome and its diploidization, they have the potential to facilitate the origin of new functional variations, which, upon selection in the evolutionary lineage, may play an important role in the origin of novel traits.
Cholesterol and phospholipid levels of washed and percoll gradient centrifuged mouse sperm: Presence of lipids possessing inhibitory effects on sperm motility

Levels of DNA, cholesterol, and phospholipids of mouse caudal epididymal and vas deferens sperm that were processed through simple washing and Percoll gradient centrifugation were measured. The DNA and cholesterol contents of washed sperm and Percoll gradient centrifuged (PGC) sperm (DNA = 3.6 ± 0.3 pg/sperm and 3.4 ± 0.3 pg/sperm, respectively; cholesterol = 0.219 ± 0.057 nmole/μg DNA and 0.224 ± 0.030 nmole/μg DNA, respectively, for washed and PGC sperm) were not significantly different from each other; however, the phospholipid level of PGC sperm was only one half of that of washed sperm (0.315 ± 0.071 nmole/μg DNA versus 0.720 ± 0.075 nmole/μg DNA, respectively). The presence of 0.3% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the culture medium used in sperm washing did not change the cholesterol and phospholipid contents of washed sperm. Similarly, the cholesterol and phospholipid levels of washed sperm and PGC sperm that were further incubated in BSA‐containing medium for 30 min remained the same. Interestingly, substantial amounts of lipids, as determined by the cholesterol and phospholipid levels, were released into the supernatants of the sperm washes, and sperm needed to be washed at least twice to ensure their stable levels of cholesterol and phospholipids. The lipid mixture in the first sperm wash supernatant was shown to have inhibitory effects on PGC sperm motility. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mental health and substance use of sexual minority college athletes

ABSTRACT Objective: Assess the mental health and substance use of sexual minority collegiate student-athletes in the United States, as compared with heterosexual college students and heterosexual student-athletes. Participants: Undergraduate students (N = 196,872) who completed the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (Fall 2008–Fall 2012 administrations). Methods: Written cross-sectional survey. Results: Sexual minority student-athletes had a higher risk of experiencing mental health difficulties than their heterosexual athlete peers. There were no significant differences in mental health between sexual minority male athletes and nonathletes. Sexual minority female athletes appeared to fare better than nonathlete peers. Substance use was greater among sexual minority students (athlete and nonathlete) and was mediated by mental health. Conclusions: Participation in athletics does not appear to be associated with an elevated risk of negative mental health outcomes for sexual minority participants; however, there are disparities in mental health outcomes by sexual orientation regardless of athletics participation.
Designing simulation games for information systems education — A case study in teaching for digital marketing

Given the previous successful adoptions of game- based learning (GBL) in Information Systems (IS) education, we have designed and adopted a simulation game for teaching of digital marketing concepts. A post-game survey was used to evaluate the outcome. A positive relationship was found between challenges and perceived learning and was partially mediated by engagement. Besides, the positive relationship between clear goals, game control, and perceived learning were partially mediated by engagement. Our results demonstrated that future simulation game designer may put engagement into consideration for educational simulation games design, thus to achieve better perceived learning by combining different game factors.
Bicameral Sequence: Theory and State Legislative Evidence

Theory: Voting sequence is a strategic variable between bicameral chambers. Decisions by chambers to acquire costly information affect the payoffs chambers receive from sequencing choices. Thus, it is also a strategic variable between bicameral chambers. Hypotheses: (1) Because of incentives to take advantage of one chamber's informational expertise when chambers share relatively homogeneous policy preferences, house chambers in legislatures dominated by a single party will initiate adopted legislation in greater proportion relative to legislatures that are not dominated by a single party. (2) A cost advantage in acquiring information grows with an increasing disparity in the number of legislators between bicameral chambers. Lower information acquisition costs in the larger bicameral chamber account for a persistent first-mover advantage for that chamber. Methods: Hypotheses are derived from a game theoretic model in which informational endowments are endogenously chosen by bicameral chambers and in which voting sequence is endogenously determined. Implications of the model are tested with an original data set developed from the session laws of thirty-three state legislatures. Results: Under specified conditions, bicameral chambers sequence themselves to take advantage of one chamber's informational expertise. Under other conditions, bicameral chambers will not take advantage of a chamber's informational expertise. The main theoretical results conclude: (1) that one-party legislatures take greater advantage of informational expertise relative to divided-party legislatures; (2) that senators have an incentive to specialize in more risky policy environments relative to house members; and, (3) that there is an informational basis for house chambers to initiate more adopted legislation than senate chambers. The empirical results are consistent with hypothesis 1. The results are consistent with hypothesis 2, although an alternative (noncontradictory) theory might also account for the result.
R/S Analysis Based Study on Fractals in China's Stock Markets

This paper discusses the Re-scale approach for analysis the fractal characteristic of time series, which is applied to the analysis of China's stock markets. Based on the comparison of Hurst exponent and the length of average cycle of the returns in different time scales, it leads to the following results: these two markets are fractal markets, bigger time scale clearer trend will be displayed in China's stock markets.
High Q surface acoustic wave resonators in 2–3 GHz range using ScAlN/single crystalline diamond structure

This paper describes application of the ScAIN/single crystalline diamond (SCD) structure to wideband surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices operating in 2-3 GHz range. First, it is shown theoretically that large velocity V and large electromechanical coupling factor K2 are simultaneously achievable for the Sezawa mode existing in the structure. Next, a SAW delay line is fabricated on the structure, and it is shown experimentally that the structure offers large V and K2 as theoretically expected, and the structure possesses very small SAW attenuation even in 3 GHz range. Finally, one-port SAW resonators are fabricated on the structure, and it is shown that wideband and high Q SAW devices are realizable in a few GHz range using the structure.
The Impact of Organizational Justice on Employee Retention: Evidence from Oman

Increasingly, retaining competent employees is becoming a major concern for organizations. Sustainability and success of organizations are dependent on reducing turnover. Therefore, this research is designed to identify the role played by organizational justice dimensions in retaining employees within organizations. For that, a sample of 148 respondents working in Omani airports was selected for the study. The results reveal that all three dimensions of organizational justice i.e., distributive, procedural and interactional justices have positive and signifi cant impact on employee retention. Implications and directions for future research were also discussed
ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A SYSTEM FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH EVALUATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Evaluation of scientific research is one of the important and fundamental tasks in the management of scientific research in higher education institutes.This paper elaborates the principles for the choice of indicators,evaluation methods,establishing a system of evaluation and its related matters.Taking South China Normal University(SCNU) as an example,the major contents and features,quantitative culmination in scientific research evaluation and weighting allocation are explored as well.