Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Herschel exploitation of local galaxy andromeda (HELGA): IV. Dust scaling relations at sub-kpc resolution

Context. Dust and stars play a complex game of interactions in the interstellar medium and around young stars. The imprints of these processes are visible in scaling relations between stellar characteristics, star formation parameters, and dust properties. Aims. In the present work, we aim to examine dust scaling relations on a sub-kpc resolution in the Andromeda galaxy (M 31). The goal is to investigate the properties of M 31 on both a global and local scale and compare them to other galaxies of the local universe. Methods. New Herschel observations are combined with available data from GALEX, SDSS, WISE, and Spitzer to construct a dataset covering UV to submm wavelengths. All images were brought to the beam size and pixel grid of the SPIRE 500 μm frame. This divides M 31 in 22 437 pixels of 36 arcseconds in size on the sky, corresponding to physical regions of 137 × 608 pc in the galaxy’s disk. A panchromatic spectral energy distribution was modelled for each pixel and maps of the physical quantities were constructed. Several scaling relations were investigated, focussing on the interactions of dust with starlight. Results. We find, on a sub-kpc scale, strong correlations between M_dust/M_⋆ and NUV-r, and between M_dust/M_⋆ and μ_⋆ (the stellar mass surface density). Striking similarities with corresponding relations based on integrated galaxies are found. We decompose M 31 in four macro-regions based on their far-infrared morphology; the bulge, inner disk, star forming ring, and the outer disk region. In the scaling relations, all regions closely follow the galaxy-scale average trends and behave like galaxies of different morphological types. The specific star formation characteristics we derive for these macro-regions give strong hints of an inside-out formation of the bulge-disk geometry, as well as an internal downsizing process. Within each macro-region, however, a great diversity in individual micro-regions is found, regardless of the properties of the macro-regions. Furthermore, we confirm that dust in the bulge of M 31 is heated only by the old stellar populations. Conclusions. In general, the local dust scaling relations indicate that the dust content in M 31 is maintained by a subtle interplay of past and present star formation. The similarity with galaxy-based relations strongly suggests that they are in situ correlations, with underlying processes that must be local in nature.
TriblerShare : A Scalable P 2 P-Based Web 2 . 0 Platform

Over the last few years, there has been a rise on the Internet of so-ca lled social web services. In contrast with traditional web services where users on ly c sume information, social web services enable users to interact with each other. This new approach to web services is often referred to as Web 2.0. Socialized web services have become very popular as shown by examples like YouTube, Flickr and Wikipedia. However, these sites operate in a centralized way, and the d rawback of their popularity is the increased operating costs. At the same time, Peer-toP er (P2P) technology has gained much popularity in the area of content distribu tion because of its lack of central components, which causes P2P systems to sc ale well. Therefore, P2P technology may be a solution for the poor scalability of cur rent Web 2.0 services. This thesis describes the research we have conducted in providing Web 2 . 0 services with scalable P2P technology. We have extended Tribler, an existing P2P clie nt, such that it enables each user to easily share his videos, photos, etc., with other users. Furthermore, we have developed a flexible system that provides acc s to the large collections of content items available from current popular Web 2.0 we b sit s. This system is easily extensible, and adding support for a new web site req uires only to define structure of the site. Using these interfaces, we also decentr alize current Web 2.0 web sites by distributing retrieved items in the Tribler network.
Automatic control of the satellites' attitude and stored energy using inertial wheels

The paper presents the design of a new automatic system for the control of the satellites' attitude and stored energy by using four inertial wheels as actuators. The design of the system's control law is based on the usage of a Lyapunov function depending on the quaternion error vector and on the orientation angular rate error of the satellite tied frame with respect to a reference frame. The control law of the inertial wheels is obtained from the stability condition of the closed loop system. During the satellite's tracking stage, the control is achieved by means of the inertial wheels; the initialization of the satellite tied frame is made by means of the satellite's thrusters. The software implementation and validation of the new control architecture is achieved by using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
A unified treatment of flow analysis in higher-order languages

We describe a framework for flow analysis in higher-order languages. It is both a synthesis and extension of earlier work in this area, most notably [20, 22] The framework makes explicit use of flow graphs for modeling control and data flow properties of untyped higher-order programs. The framework is parameterized, and can express a hierarchy of analyses with different cost/accuracy tradeoffs. The framework is also amenable to a direct, efficient implementation. We develop several instantiations of the framework, and prove their running-time complexity. In addition, we use the simplest instantiation to demonstrate the equivalence of a 0CFA style analysis and the set-based analysis of [8].
Scalable Frameworks for Content-Based Image Retrieval

This paper proposes a platform that implements search and retrieval for images based upon a query which is an example image. The paper analyses the problems of image feature identification and extraction; the performance and practicality of different types of image feature; how to match image features effectively; how to avoid false positive feature matches and thereby to retrieve accurate search results; and how to scale Content Based Image Retrieval so that it can operate on collections which contain thousands of images. The performance of different image feature detectors, descriptors and similarity computation measures is analysed. An explanation of how the most common image features and descriptors work is offered together with a prototype system for the extraction of some of these features from images. The process of matching features between images based upon their similarity will then be dealt with, firstly on a small scale in order to illuminate the matching process and then as part of a system which can grow more effectively as the number of images increases. The matching system will be systematically refined during the course ofthis focus on scale so that an efficient prototype system is ultimately presented. The issue of creating corpora of images which are suitable for search and retrieval purposes will be discussed next. A number of existing collections, their characteristics and composition will first be presented.
Concurrent processing demands and the experience of time-in-passing

Under the prospective paradigm, judged time decreased monotonically with the increased processing demands of concurrent card sorting (Experiment I) and of concurrent verbal rehearsal (Experiment II). It was nonmonotonically related to concurrent tapping rate (Experiment III), which latter, when required during verbal rehearsal, had an identical curvilinear effect on short-term recall (Experiment IV). It is concluded that the experience of time-in-passing is an inverse function of the processing demanded by a concurrent task. An attentional model is suggested and evaluated against the literature.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Medial Temporal Lobe Visual Ratings and Multivariate Regional MRI Classification in Alzheimer's Disease

Background Visual assessment rating scales for medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy have been used by neuroradiologists in clinical practice to aid the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently multivariate classification methods for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data have been suggested as alternative tools. If computerized methods are to be implemented in clinical practice they need to be as good as, or better than experienced neuroradiologists and carefully validated. The aims of this study were: (1) To compare the ability of MTL atrophy visual assessment rating scales, a multivariate MRI classification method and manually measured hippocampal volumes to distinguish between subjects with AD and healthy elderly controls (CTL). (2) To assess how well the three techniques perform when predicting future conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. Methods High resolution sagittal 3D T1w MP-RAGE datasets were acquired from 75 AD patients, 101 subjects with MCI and 81 CTL from the multi-centre AddNeuroMed study. An automated analysis method was used to generate regional volume and regional cortical thickness measures, providing 57 variables for multivariate analysis (orthogonal partial least squares to latent structures using seven-fold cross-validation). Manual hippocampal measurements were also determined for each subject. Visual rating assessment of MTL atrophy was performed by an experienced neuroradiologist according to the approach of Scheltens et al. Results We found prediction accuracies for distinguishing between AD and CTL of 83% for multivariate classification, 81% for the visual rating assessments and 89% for manual measurements of total hippocampal volume. The three different techniques showed similar accuracy in predicting conversion from MCI to AD at one year follow-up. Conclusion Visual rating assessment of the MTL gave similar prediction accuracy to multivariate classification and manual hippocampal volumes. This suggests a potential future role for computerized methods as a complement to clinical assessment of AD.
Near-optimal keypoint sampling for fast pathological lung segmentation

Accurate delineation of pathological lungs from computed tomography (CT) images remains mostly unsolved because available methods fail to provide a reliable generic solution due to high variability of abnormality appearance. Local descriptor-based classification methods have shown to work well in annotating pathologies; however, these methods are usually computationally intensive which restricts their widespread use in real-time or near-real-time clinical applications. In this paper, we present a novel approach for fast, accurate, reliable segmentation of pathological lungs from CT scans by combining region-based segmentation method with local-descriptor classification that is performed on an optimized sampling grid. Our method works in two stages; during stage one, we adapted the fuzzy connectedness (FC) image segmentation algorithm to perform initial lung parenchyma extraction. In the second stage, texture-based local descriptors are utilized to segment abnormal imaging patterns using a near optimal keypoint analysis by employing centroid of supervoxel as grid points. The quantitative results show that our pathological lung segmentation method is fast, robust, and improves on current standards and has potential to enhance the performance of routine clinical tasks.
Deficient Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disease characterized by an abnormal accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow. These cells have frequent cytogenetic abnormalities including translocations of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene and chromosomal gains and losses. In fact, a singular characteristic differentiating MM from other hematological malignancies is the presence of a high degree of aneuploidies. As chromosomal abnormalities can be generated by alterations in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the functionality of such checkpoint was tested in MM. When SAC components were analyzed in MM cell lines, the RNA levels of most of them were conserved. Nevertheless, the protein content of some key constituents was very low in several cell lines, as was the case of MAD2 or CDC20 in RPMI-8226 or RPMI-LR5 cells. The recovery of their cellular content did not substantially affect cell growth, but improved their ability to segregate chromosomes. Finally, SAC functionality was tested by challenging cells with agents disrupting microtubule dynamics. Most of the cell lines analyzed exhibited functional defects in this checkpoint. Based on the data obtained, alterations both in SAC components and their functionality have been detected in MM, pointing to this pathway as a potential target in MM treatment.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Disaggregation Machinery Chaperones Support Saccharomyces cerevisiae Growth and Prion Propagation

ABSTRACT Hsp100 chaperones protect microorganisms and plants from environmental stress by cooperating with Hsp70 and its nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) and Hsp40 cochaperones to resolubilize proteins from aggregates. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp104 (Sc-Hsp104)-based disaggregation machinery also is essential for replication of amyloid-based prions. Escherichia coli ClpB can substitute for Hsp104 to propagate [PSI+] prions in yeast, but only if E. coli DnaK and GrpE (Hsp70 and NEF) are coexpressed. Here, we tested if the reported inability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Hsp104 (Sp-Hsp104) to support [PSI+] propagation was due to similar species-specific chaperone requirements and find that Sp-Hsp104 alone supported propagation of three different yeast prions. Sp-Hsp70 and Sp-Fes1p (NEF) likewise functioned in place of their Sa. cerevisiae counterparts. Thus, chaperones of these long-diverged species possess conserved activities that function in processes essential for both cell growth and prion propagation, suggesting Sc. pombe can propagate its own prions. We show that curing by Hsp104 overexpression and inactivation can be distinguished and confirm the observation that, unlike Sc-Hsp104, Sp-Hsp104 cannot cure yeast of [PSI+] when it is overexpressed. These results are consistent with a view that mechanisms underlying prion replication and elimination are distinct.
The Path to College Education: Are Verbal Skills More Important than Math Skills?

The aim of this paper is to study the differential roles of math and verbal skills for educational outcomes. By estimating a multi-period factor model of skills, using a rich panel database that follows all students in England from elementary school to university, we find that verbal skills play a greater role in explaining university nrollment than math skills. In addition, we use our framework to study the timing of skill development during compulsory schooling. Results show that 40% of skills measured at the end of compulsory education are developed between the ages of 7 and 16, which indicates some scope for overcoming initial skill disadvantages. Finally, we study the gender gaps in college enrollment and STEM field enrollment, showing that verbal skills and comparative advantage in skills are key determinants of these gaps.
Searching scale space for activation in PET images

PET images of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in an activation study are usually smoothed to a resolution much poorer than the intrinsic resolution of the PET camera. This is done to reduce noise and to overcome problems caused by neuroanatomic variability among different subjects undertaking the same experimental task. In many studies the choice of this smoothing is arbitrarily fixed at about 20 mm FWHM, and the resulting statistical field or parametric map is searched for local maxima. Poline and Mazoyer [(1994): J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14:690–699; (1994): IEEE Trans Med Imaging 13(4):702–710] have proposed a 4‐D search over smoothing kernel widths as well as the usual three spatial dimensions. If the peaks are well separated then this makes it possible to estimate the size of regions of activation as well as their location. One of the main problems identified by Poline and Mazoyer is how to assess the significance of scale space peaks. In this paper we provide a solution for the case of pooled‐variance Z‐statistic images (Gaussian fields). Our main result is a unified P value for the 4‐D local maxima that is accurate for searches over regions of any shape or size. Our results apply equally well to any Gaussian statistical field, such as those resulting from fMRI. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resource management and quality of service in third-generation wireless networks

The third generation networks and services present opportunities to offer multimedia applications and services that meet end-to-end quality of service requirements. The key parts of the standards are already in place, and limited 3G services have already been turned on. While the evolution to 3G occurs, many operators will implement 2.5G interim solutions for a good period of time. We discuss the various evolution scenarios from the present 2G networks to 3G networks. Then we present the UMTS QoS architecture and its requirements, followed by a discussion on QoS in 3G air interfaces, radio access network, and core network.
Sororin actively maintains sister chromatid cohesion

Cohesion between sister chromatids is established during DNA replication but needs to be maintained to enable proper chromosome–spindle attachments in mitosis or meiosis. Cohesion is mediated by cohesin, but also depends on cohesin acetylation and sororin. Sororin contributes to cohesion by stabilizing cohesin on DNA. Sororin achieves this by inhibiting WAPL, which otherwise releases cohesin from DNA and destroys cohesion. Here we describe mouse models which enable the controlled depletion of sororin by gene deletion or auxin‐induced degradation. We show that sororin is essential for embryonic development, cohesion maintenance, and proper chromosome segregation. We further show that the acetyltransferases ESCO1 and ESCO2 are essential for stabilizing cohesin on chromatin, that their only function in this process is to acetylate cohesin's SMC3 subunit, and that DNA replication is also required for stable cohesin–chromatin interactions. Unexpectedly, we find that sororin interacts dynamically with the cohesin complexes it stabilizes. This implies that sororin recruitment to cohesin does not depend on the DNA replication machinery or process itself, but on a property that cohesin acquires during cohesion establishment.
Optimal metric selection for improved multi-pose face recognition with group information

We address the limitation of sparse representation based classification with group information for multi-pose face recognition. First, we observe that the key issue of such classification problem lies in the choice of the metric norm of the residual vectors, which represent the fitness of each class. Then we point out that limitation of the current sparse representation classification algorithms is the wrong choice of the ℓ2 norm, which does not match with data statistics as these residual values may be considerably non-Gaussian. We propose an explicit but effective solution using ℓp norm and explain theoretically and numerically why such metric norm would be able to suppress outliers and thus can significantly improve classification performance comparable to the state-of-arts algorithms on some challenging datasets.
Framing expertise: a cross‐cultural analysis of success in framing contests

Purpose – This article seeks to analyse the skills and knowledge that have a positive impact on the reproduction of the core frames of social actors in the mass media.Design/methodology/approach – The theoretical discussion is accompanied by a cross‐cultural case study of the debate surrounding the leaked e‐mail correspondence between climate researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in 2009. First, the authors analysed the framing work of the three main actors with their respective views, namely UEA and the blogs “Real climate”, “Climate audit” and “The air vent”. Second, they conducted an analysis of the media coverage of the issue in the UK, the USA, Germany and Norway, focusing on the importance of cultural factors, psychological biases and conformity to journalistic needs.Findings – The literature review came to the conclusion that public relations practitioners stand good chances to succeed with their framing when they are able to conceive a message in a way that: is resonant with the under.
‘Talking Stones’: An Interview Technique for Disaffected Students

This paper describes and discusses the use of an interview technique derived from Personal Construct Theory, ‘Talking Stones’, that is designed to support self advocacy, particularly for groups of disaffected students whose views may be difficult to ascertain. This technique assumes that for the individual learner everything is perceived and mediated by what is socially and personally salient. The paper illustrates how this tool lends itself to practice in schools. It can help to lay bare problematic relationships, usually between teenagers and staff, and open up dialogue.
Characteristics and applications of Polymeric Thin Film Transistor: Prospects and challenges

Polymeric Thin Film Transistors (PTFTs) have undergone extraordinary improvements during the last decade. PTFTs which are also termed as Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) are promising devices for future development of variety of low-cost and large-area electronics applications such as active-matrix displays and flexible micro-electronics. Organic transistors show high mobility, high-speed and high-current characteristics and are suitable for driver elements of flexible displays. This paper reviews recent progress in materials, fabrication processes, advances in device designs and applications related to PTFTs/ OTFTs. The performance of PTFTs/OTFTs is evaluated in terms of on/off current ratio, threshold voltage, subthreshold slope, power dissipation, switching time, driving capability and effective mobility. Various analytical models such as charge transport phenomena in organic solids and resulting models of PTFTs/OTFTs are reviewed. The paper thoroughly discusses the applications of OTFTs in various fields. Prospects, challenges and limitations are also discussed. Recently, polymer thin film transistors area has emerged as a field of intense research activities with emphasis on fundamental concepts and practical applications.
Karen cultural capital and the political economy of symbolic power

For the Karen of northern Thailand, constructing the image of Karen as forest guardians and conservationists has produced an instrument of struggle against the official hegemonic discourse. This image construction is the accumulation of cultural capital and its transformation into symbolic power. The Karen cultural producers promote this strategy by investing their local knowledge and cultural resources into political action and alliances that reinforce their identification as ‘children of the forest’, in their own eyes and in the eyes of others. Through image construction, the largely negative identities embodied in ‘Karen’ and their communities—as denigrated ‘hill‐tribes’, forest‐destroyers and illiterate peasants—are transformed into a single social and political category defined as the ‘indigenous’ forest managers.