Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison Analysis of CDMA Multiuser Detection using PSO and SMO

Using Spider monkey optimization (SMO) has become a common heuristic technique in many fields of engineering. In this paper, we apply SMO to solve near far effect problems in code division multiple access (CDMA) system, to reduce the computational complexity. The new approach is successfully tested in CDMA multiuser situation. The simulation results show that proposed algorithm is effective and outperforms as compare to methods like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Technological Diversi fi cation ∗

Economies at early stages of development are often shaken by abrupt changes in growth rates, whereas in advanced economies growth rates tend to be relatively stable. To explain this pattern, we propose a theory of technological diversification. Production makes use of different input varieties, which are subject to imperfectly correlated shocks. Technological progress takes the form of an increase in the number of varieties, raising average productivity. In addition, the expansion in the number of varieties in our model provides diversification benefits against variety-specific shocks and it can hence lower the volatility of output growth. Technological complexity evolves endogenously in response to profit incentives. The decline in volatility thus arises as a by-product of firms’ incentives to increase profits and is hence a likely outcome of the development process. We quantitatively asses the predictions of the model in light of the empirical evidence and find that for reasonable parameter values, the model can generate a decline in volatility with the level of development comparable to that in the data.
PREPARATION AND BIOPHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF PIROXICAM LIQUISOLID SYSTEMS

Liquisolid is a novel technique to enhance solubility and dissolution rate of BCS class II drugs through oral route. This technique of delivering drugs is suitable mostly for liphophilic drugs and poorly water soluble drugs. However, an apparent limitation of this technique is the formulation of a high dose because a large amount of liquid vehicle is needed, which finally results in a low-dose liquid solid formulation. This approach is suitable for both immediate and sustained release formulations. The purpose of the present work is to improve the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble drug, Piroxicam, by liquisolid technique. Solubility is increased by using non-volatile solvents such as PEG 400, Labrosol, Span 20 and Tween 80 in single or combination which are suitable for drug and dissolving the drug in those non volatile solvents, which is termed as ‘liquid medicament’. The liquid medicament is
Reduced Time Complexity for Detection of Copy-Move Forgery Using Discrete Wavelet Transform

As result of powerful image processing tools, digital image forgeries have already become a serious social problem. In this paper we describe an effective method to detect Copy-Move forgery in digital images. Our technique works by first applying DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) to the input image to yield a reduced dimensional representation [1]. Then the compressed image is divided into overlapping blocks. These blocks are then sorted and duplicated blocks are identified using Phase Correlation as similarity criterion. Due to DWT usage, detection is first carried out on lowest level image representation. This approach drastically reduces the time needed for the detection process and increases accuracy of detection process. General Terms Image processing, Digital image forgery
Screening trauma patients for alcohol problems: are insurance companies barriers?

BACKGROUND Impairment caused by alcohol is the leading risk factor for trauma. However, many physicians do not screen for alcohol use because of concerns about confidentiality and denial of insurance coverage. The purpose of this study was to examine objectively the confidentiality issues and insurance statutes affecting alcohol screening in trauma centers. METHODS We conducted a survey of insurance commissioners in all 50 states to determine the prevalence of statutes allowing denial of coverage for injuries sustained while impaired due to alcohol, reviewed state insurance laws, and reviewed federal regulations protecting the confidentiality of alcohol information in patients seeking alcohol treatment. RESULTS Special federal regulations protecting confidentiality of alcohol screening data depend on how such information is acquired and do not routinely cover trauma patients. Concerns about screening on insurance coverage are valid in 38 states. CONCLUSION Segregating information about alcohol use in the medical record and assigning designated chemical dependency counselors to screen all trauma patients would provide confidentiality of alcohol information under current federal regulations, allowing denial of release of such information, except under subpoena.
The Outer Galactic Halo As Probed By RR Lyr Stars From the Palomar Transient Facility + Keck

Abstract We present initial results from our study of the outer halo of the Milky Way using a large sample of RR Lyr(ab) variables datamined from the archives of the Palomar Transient Facility. Of the 464 RR Lyr in our sample with distances exceeding 50 kpc, 62 have been observed spectroscopically at the Keck Observatory. vr and σ(vr) are given as a function of distance between 50 and 110 kpc, and a very preliminary rather low total mass for the Milky Way out to 110 kpc of ~7±1.5×1011M⊙ is derived from our data.
Depolarizing stimuli induce high levels of dopamine synthesis in fetal rat sensory neurons

To investigate the role of activity-dependent mechanisms in sensory transmitter development, we examined the effect of depolarizing stimuli on tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopamine synthesis in cells of the fetal rat petrosal ganglion, a model of catecholaminergic sensory neurons. Although dopaminergic traits are normally detectable in only 10–20% of ganglion neurones, exposure to depolarizing concentrations of potassium chloride (40 mM) or veratridine (10 µM) in culture induced tyrosine hydroxylase expression in 100% of petrosal neurons and a 10-fold increase in dopamine content. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression remained elevated in a subset of neurons following return to control conditions, suggesting that chronic depolarization elicits a phenotypic switch in some cells. These data show for the first time that transmitter expression in developing sensory neurons can be regulated by activity-related cues.
The regulation of Hox gene expression during animal development

Hox genes encode a family of transcriptional regulators that elicit distinct developmental programmes along the head-to-tail axis of animals. The specific regional functions of individual Hox genes largely reflect their restricted expression patterns, the disruption of which can lead to developmental defects and disease. Here, we examine the spectrum of molecular mechanisms controlling Hox gene expression in model vertebrates and invertebrates and find that a diverse range of mechanisms, including nuclear dynamics, RNA processing, microRNA and translational regulation, all concur to control Hox gene outputs. We propose that this complex multi-tiered regulation might contribute to the robustness of Hox expression during development.
An approach to one-bit compressed sensing based on probably approximately correct learning theory

This paper builds upon earlier work of the authors in formulating the one-bit compressed sensing (OBCS) problem as a problem in probably approximately correct (PAC) learning theory. It is shown that the solution to the OBCS problem consists of two parts. The first part is to determine the statistical complexity of OBCS by determining the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC-) dimension of the set of half-spaces generated by sparse vectors. The second is to determine the algorithmic complexity of the problem by developing a “consistent” algorithm. In this paper, we generalize the earlier results of the authors by deriving both upper and lower bounds on the VC-dimension of half-spaces generated by sparse vectors, even when the separating hyperplane need not pass through the origin. As with earlier bounds, these bounds grow linearly with respect to with the sparsity dimension and logarithmically with the vector dimension.
Deep classifier: automatically categorizing search results into large-scale hierarchies

Organizing Web search results into hierarchical categories facilitates users' browsing through Web search results, especially for ambiguous queries where the potential results are mixed together. Previous methods on search result classification are usually based on pre-training a classification model on some fixed and shallow hierarchical categories, where only the top-two-level categories of a Web taxonomy is used. Such classification methods may be too coarse for users to browse, since most search results would be classified into only two or three shallow categories. Instead, a deep hierarchical classifier must provide many more categories. However, the performance of such classifiers is usually limited because their classification effectiveness can deteriorate rapidly at the third or fourth level of a hierarchy. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm known as Deep Classifier to classify the search results into detailed hierarchical categories with higher effectiveness than previous approaches. Given the search results in response to a query, the algorithm first prunes a wide-ranged hierarchy into a narrow one with the help of some Web directories. Different strategies are proposed to select the training data by utilizing the hierarchical structures. Finally, a discriminative naíve Bayesian classifier is developed to perform efficient and effective classification. As a result, the algorithm can provide more meaningful and specific class labels for search result browsing than shallow style of classification. We conduct experiments to show that the Deep Classifier can achieve significant improvement over state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, with sufficient off-line preparation, the efficiency of the proposed algorithm is suitable for online application
Partially Observed Markov Decision Process Multiarmed Bandits - Structural Results

This paper considers multiarmed bandit problems involving partially observed Markov decision processes (POMDPs). We show how the Gittins index for the optimal scheduling policy can be computed by a value iteration algorithm on each process, thereby considerably simplifying the computational cost. A suboptimal value iteration algorithm based on Lovejoy's approximation is presented. We then show that for the case of totally positive of order 2 (TP2) transition probability matrices and monotone likelihood ratio (MLR) ordered observation probabilities, the Gittins index is MLR increasing in the information state. Algorithms that exploit this structure are then presented.
Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Treatment With Linear Plication and External Wrapping Technique: Mid‐Term Results

The aim of this study is to assess mid‐term outcomes of reduction aortoplasty and wrapping technique which is an alternative method to replacement of the aorta in ascending aortic aneurysms. We aimed to show the efficacy of this technique especially when used for patients with increased perioperative mortality or morbidity due to their concomitant pathologies.
Getting More for Less: Optimized Crowdsourcing with Dynamic Tasks and Goals

In crowdsourcing systems, the interests of contributing participants and system stakeholders are often not fully aligned. Participants seek to learn, be entertained, and perform easy tasks, which offer them instant gratification; system stakeholders want users to complete more difficult tasks, which bring higher value to the crowdsourced application. We directly address this problem by presenting techniques that optimize the crowdsourcing process by jointly maximizing the user longevity in the system and the true value that the system derives from user participation. We first present models that predict the "survival probability" of a user at any given moment, that is, the probability that a user will proceed to the next task offered by the system. We then leverage this survival model to dynamically decide what task to assign and what motivating goals to present to the user. This allows us to jointly optimize for the short term (getting difficult tasks done) and for the long term (keeping users engaged for longer periods of time). We show that dynamically assigning tasks significantly increases the value of a crowdsourcing system. In an extensive empirical evaluation, we observed that our task allocation strategy increases the amount of information collected by up to 117.8%. We also explore the utility of motivating users with goals. We demonstrate that setting specific, static goals can be highly detrimental to the long-term user participation, as the completion of a goal (e.g., earning a badge) is also a common drop-off point for many users. We show that setting the goals dynamically, in conjunction with judicious allocation of tasks, increases the amount of information collected by the crowdsourcing system by up to 249%, compared to the existing baselines that use fixed objectives.
Class-Based Probability Estimation Using a Semantic Hierarchy

This article concerns the estimation of a particular kind of probability, namely, the probability of a noun sense appearing as a particular argument of a predicate. In order to overcome the accompanying sparse-data problem, the proposal here is to define the probabilities in terms of senses from a semantic hierarchy and exploit the fact that the senses can be grouped into classes consisting of semantically similar senses. There is a particular focus on the problem of how to determine a suitable class for a given sense, or, alternatively, how to determine a suitable level of generalization in the hierarchy. A procedure is developed that uses a chi-square test to determine a suitable level of generalization. In order to test the performance of the estimation method, a pseudo-disambiguation task is used, together with two alternative estimation methods. Each method uses a different generalization procedure; the first alternative uses the minimum description length principle, and the second uses Resnik's measure of selectional preference. In addition, the performance of our method is investigated using both the standard Pearson chi-square statistic and the log-likelihood chi-square statistic.
Three Phase High Power Quality Two- Stage Boost Rectifier

Three-phase two-stage boost rectifier with sinusoidal input current are presented and a novel topology with two active power devices is proposed. These contain a capacitor for pumping action in DC circuit. This gives twostage boost operation to obtain higher DC output voltage. The rectifier can be operated in the switch mode for pumping action and for forcing the input current to follow its sinusoidal reference independent of the working conditions. The results of the proposed rectifier are compared with those of the rectifier with a single active power device. The simulation result gives the better output DC voltage regulation under open loop condition. The simulated results prove that the proposed rectifier has the expected performance.
An experimental study to improve the performance of unimorph piezoelectric actuators subjected to external loading

This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the actuation performance of LIPCA (Lightweight Piezo- Composite unimorph Actuator) with different loading cases. High value of the manufacturing-induced compressive stress in PZT layer of LIPCA helps avoiding potential in-service failure, however, it may cause a reduction in strain due to the induced piezoelectric effect. High compressive prestress makes the domains aligned and constrained perpendicular to the stress direction. Consequently, fewer domains can be reoriented to contribute to polarization and strain output. The unimorph actuator is thus designed and operated such that the compressive stress in piezoceramic material is large enough to avoid failure in working condition but small enough to allow larger amount of non-180o domain switching. To compensate the high designed compressive stress state in the piezoceramic attention should be paid on the loading configuration when the actuator is working in-service condition. Experimental results show that the actuator should be arranged in a manner such that the stress state within the PZT wafer is in as more tension as possible to compensate the high compressive induced stress in the piezoceramic due to the manufacturing process.
Starting small: learning with adaptive sample sizes

For many machine learning problems, data is abundant and it may be prohibitive to make multiple passes through the full training set. In this context, we investigate strategies for dynamically increasing the effective sample size, when using iterative methods such as stochastic gradient descent. Our interest is motivated by the rise of variance-reduced methods, which achieve linear convergence rates that scale favorably for smaller sample sizes. Exploiting this feature, we show - theoretically and empirically - how to obtain significant speed-ups with a novel algorithm that reaches statistical accuracy on an n-sample in 2n, instead of n log n steps.
Absorption-induced Optical Tuning of Silicon Photonic Structures Clad with Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract : Theoretical and experimental analysis of active, absorption induced optical tuning of silicon photonic devices using silicon strip waveguides combined with nematic liquid crystal (NLC) claddings. Tuning of the silicon structures is performed under low power photo irradiation, which offers a very simple way to control the spectral response of ring resonator devices.
The influence of the interatomic force law and of kinks on the propagation of brittle cracks

Abstract Cracks in brittle crystals can be lattice-trapped, as dislocations are by the Peierls barrier. Previous estimates of the range of loads within which a crack will not propagate more than one atomic spacing have varied greatly. The author's earlier computer model is extended to examine the effects of varying the shape of the interatomic force law and of the introduction of kinks in the crack edge. The system studied is a (111) cleavage crack in silicon, with edge either parallel to [OT1], or at a small angle to this direction, so that a series of kinks forms. The boundary conditions, being derived from a general continuum theory solution containing variable terms dependent on the core conditions, are ‘flexible’, allowing free motion of the crack inside the crystallite. The numerical relaxation method allows energy minima or saddle points to be located, thus making possible the calculation of migration activation energies. Several non-central interatomic force laws are employed, all matched to the e.
One at a time, live tracking of NGF axonal transport using quantum dots

Retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) signals is critical for the survival, differentiation, and maintenance of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons and basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. However, the mechanisms by which the NGF signal is propagated from the axon terminal to the cell body are yet to be fully elucidated. To gain insight into the mechanisms, we used quantum dot-labeled NGF (QD-NGF) to track the movement of NGF in real time in compartmentalized culture of rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Our studies showed that active transport of NGF within the axons was characterized by rapid, unidirectional movements interrupted by frequent pauses. Almost all movements were retrograde, but short-distance anterograde movements were occasionally observed. Surprisingly, quantitative analysis at the single molecule level demonstrated that the majority of NGF-containing endosomes contained only a single NGF dimer. Electron microscopic analysis of axonal vesicles carrying QD-NGF confirmed this finding. The majority of QD-NGF was found to localize in vesicles 50–150 nm in diameter with a single lumen and no visible intralumenal membranous components. Our findings point to the possibility that a single NGF dimer is sufficient to sustain signaling during retrograde axonal transport to the cell body.
XAS: a system for accessing componentized, virtual XML documents

XML is emerging as an important format for describing the schema of documents and data to facilitate integration of applications in a variety of industry domains. An important issue that naturally arises is the requirement to generate, store and access XML documents. It is important to reuse existing data management systems and repositories for this purpose. We describe the XML Access Server (XAS), a general purpose XML based storage and retrieval system which provides the appearance of a large set of XML documents while retaining the data in underlying federated data sources that could be relational, object-oriented, or semi-structured. XAS automatically maps the underlying data into virtual XML components when mappings between DTDs and underlying schemas are established. The components can be presented as XML documents or assembled into larger components. XAS manages the relationship between XML components and the mapping in the form of document composition logic. The versatility in its ways to generate XML documents enables XAS to serve a large number of XML components and documents efficiently and expediently.
New experimental limit on the electron electric dipole moment.

A search for the electron electric dipole moment {ital d}{sub {ital e}} is carried out with two counterpropagating beams of ground-state {sup 205}Tl. The experiment employs atomic-beam magnetic resonance with separated oscillatory fields combined with laser state selection and fluorescence detection. Extensive tests were made for possible systematic effects. The result for the atomic electric dipole moment is {ital d}{sub {ital a}}=(1.6 {plus minus}5.0){times}10{sup {minus}24} {ital e} cm, where the uncertainty includes equal statistical and systematic contributions. This yields {ital d}{sub {ital e}}=({minus}2.7{plus minus}8.3) {times}10{sup {minus}27} {ital e} cm, assuming the ratio {ital d}{sub {ital a}}/{ital d}{sub {ital e}}={minus}600.
Triangle-Freeness is Hard to Detect

We show that recognizing the K3-freeness and K4-freeness of graphs is hard, respectively, for two-player nondeterministic communication protocols using exponentially many partitions and for nondeterministic syntactic read-r times branching programs. The key ingredient is a generalization of a colouring lemma, due to Papadimitriou and Sipser, which says that for every balanced red—blue colouring of the edges of the complete n-vertex graph there is a set of εn2 triangles, none of which is monochromatic, such that no triangle can be formed by picking edges from different triangles. We extend this lemma to exponentially many colourings and to partial colourings.
ATOMIC SCALE INVESTIGATION OF IMPURITY SEGREGATION TO CRYSTAL DEFECTS

▪ Abstract This paper presents a review of atomic-scale defects (planar defects and dislocations) analysis using atom probe (AP) and field ion microscopy (FIM). A large part of the discussion is dedicated to the first atomic-scale observation of a Cottrell atmosphere by a three-dimensional atom probe method (3DAP). The nanoscale boron segregation to line dislocations and planar defects in a B2-ordered FeAl (40 at.%Al) is imaged in three dimensions of the real space. The boron-enriched Cottrell atmosphere is imaged in the close vicinity of an edge 〈001〉 dislocation as a rod 3 nm in diameter, around to the dislocation line.