Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LANDEX : étude des aérosols organiques secondaires (AOS) générés par la forêt des Landes

L’objectif de ce travail de these est d’ameliorer l’etat de nos connaissances sur les processus de formation et du devenir de l’AOS, en lien avec la reactivite des COVB avec les oxydants de l’atmosphere et en particulier l’ozone, en utilisant le potentiel de l’ecosysteme landais en tant que source d'AOS biogenique. Pour cela, des campagnes de terrain ont ete menees sur un site de mesure en foret landaise, ecosysteme particulierement approprie pour l’etude de la formation et du devenir des AOS. Au cours de ces campagnes, differents parametres physico-chimiques complementaires ont ete mesures, tels que les concentrations et les flux de particules, d’oxydants et de COVB. Des episodes nocturnes de formation de nouvelles particules ont ete mis en evidence, ce qui constitue un resultat original car les evenements rapportes jusqu’ici dans la litterature etaient principalement diurnes. La contribution importante de l’ozonolyse des monoterpenes emis par les pins maritimes, domines par l’α- et le β-pinene, a la formation nocturne de nouvelles particules a egalement ete demontree. Les mesures de flux de particules realisees suggerent que les particules formees au cours de la nuit sont transferees depuis la canopee vers les plus hautes couches de l’atmosphere. Une production d’ozone a egalement ete demontree par la comparaison des mesures de flux d’ozone a un modele physique de depot. Cette source d’ozone pourrait etre liee a la photooxidation des COVB
Sepsis induces early phrenic nerve neuropathy in rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the electrophysiology of the phrenic nerve and the diaphragm muscle during sepsis. In total, 26 rats underwent either sham laparotomy or caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Electrophysiology was evaluated via a phrenic nerve conduction study and needle electromyography of the diaphragm, prior to CLP, 6 and 24 h post-CLP and on day 7. The histopathology of the diaphragm muscle and phrenic nerve was also examined on day 7. In the sepsis group, the phrenic nerve conduction study showed decreased amplitude of compound action potential (CMAP), and prolongation in the duration and the latency of CMAP. The diaphragmatic needle electromyography showed decreased amplitude and frequency of the motor unit action potential (MUP), and prolongation in the duration of MUP, at all time points, compared with the pre-CLP values. The electrophysiological abnormalities were consistent with axonal and demyelinating phrenic nerve neuropathy. Electrophysiological abnormalities were present at 6 h with worsening at 24 h and on day 7. Histopathological examination showed normal muscular fibres and focally slight myelin degenerations of the phrenic nerve fibres. In conclusion, sepsis induced phrenic nerve neuropathy as early as the 6th h in rats.
Clinical implications of ZAP‐70 expressionin chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a disease with an extremely heterogeneous prognosis. Because of this and because of the lack of a truly effective therapy, treatment of CLL must be adapted to the individual risk of each patient. Over the last quarter of century, prognosis of patients with CLL has been based on clinical features. In the last few years a number of biological prognostic parameters have been identified. Among them, the expression of ZAP‐70 in neoplastic B lymphocytes is increasingly being recognized as of paramount importance to predict outcome. Patients with a low percentage (<20%) of ZAP‐70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes have a much better prognosis that those with a higher proportion (>20%) of ZAP‐70 positive neoplastic B lymphocytes. © 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Pathobiological features favouring the intercontinental dissemination of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are a continued threat to global health and economy. Unlike other highly pathogenic AIVs, novel H5N8 disseminated very quickly from Korea to other areas in Asia, Europe and even North America following its first outbreak in 2014. However, the pathobiological features of the virus that favoured its global translocation remain unknown. In this study, we used a compartmental model to examine the avian epidemiological characteristics that would support the geographical spread of influenza by bird migration, and to provide recommendations for AIV surveillance in wild bird populations. We simulated virus transmission and translocation in a migratory bird population while varying four system properties: (i) contact transmission rate; (ii) infection recovery rate; (iii) mortality rate induced by infection; and (iv) migratory recovery rate. Using these simulations, we then calculated extinction and translocation probabilities for influenza during spring migration as a function of the altered properties. We find that lower infection recovery rates increase the likelihood of AIV translocation in migratory bird populations. In addition, lower mortality rates or migration recovery rates also favour translocation. Our results identify pathobiological features supporting AIV intercontinental dissemination risk and suggest that characteristic differences exist among H5N8 and other AIV subtypes that have not translocated as rapidly (e.g. H5N6 and H5N1).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa enzyme profiling: predictor of potential invasiveness and use as an epidemiological tool

The enzymatic potential of 54 clinical and 22 environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil and water were evaluated by substrate plate assays. Clinical isolates produced substantial levels of 9 of the 11 enzymes assayed, whereas strains recovered from soil or water were relatively inert enzymatically. Elastase, deoxyribonuclease, and elevated protease activities were associated preferentially with clinical isolates of systemic origin; these activities were found twice as frequently in clinical isolates as in strains derived from sputum or the urogenital tract. Our data suggest that these factors may play an important role in the dissemination of P. aeruginosa from local or superficial sites. A comparison of the enzyme profiles of the environmental and clinical isolates indicated that colonization or infection by environmental strains of P. aeruginosa is a rare event and that environmental and clinical strains comprise separate biovars. Epidemiologically, enzyme profiles permitted the fingerprinting and differentiation of clinical strains from various sources.
A novel method of data analysis for utilization of red blood cell transfusion

A necessary component of an effective blood management program is the accurate and comprehensive collection and analysis of blood utilization data. This study describes innovative methods for analyzing and presenting data for red blood cell (RBC) utilization that compare hemoglobin (Hb) transfusion triggers and targets to those representing the restrictive transfusion strategy advocated by previous large outcome studies.
Selective inhibition of CYP17 with abiraterone acetate is highly active in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

PURPOSE It has been postulated that castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) commonly remains hormone dependent. Abiraterone acetate is a potent, selective, and orally available inhibitor of CYP17, the key enzyme in androgen and estrogen biosynthesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a phase I/II study of abiraterone acetate in castrate, chemotherapy-naive CRPC patients (n = 54) with phase II expansion at 1,000 mg (n = 42) using a two-stage design to reject the null hypothesis if more than seven patients had a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline of > or = 50% (null hypothesis = 0.1; alternative hypothesis = 0.3; alpha = .05; beta = .14). Computed tomography scans every 12 weeks and circulating tumor cell (CTC) enumeration were performed. Prospective reversal of resistance at progression by adding dexamethasone 0.5 mg/d to suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone and upstream steroids was pursued. RESULTS A decline in PSA of > or = 50% was observed in 28 (67%) of 42 phase II patients, and declines of > or = 90% were observed in eight (19%) of 42 patients. Independent radiologic evaluation reported partial responses (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) in nine (37.5%) of 24 phase II patients with measurable disease. Decreases in CTC counts were also documented. The median time to PSA progression (TTPP) on abiraterone acetate alone for all phase II patients was 225 days (95% CI, 162 to 287 days). Exploratory analyses were performed on all 54 phase I/II patients; the addition of dexamethasone at disease progression reversed resistance in 33% of patients regardless of prior treatment with dexamethasone, and pretreatment serum androgen and estradiol levels were associated with a probability of > or = 50% PSA decline and TTPP on abiraterone acetate and dexamethasone. CONCLUSION CYP17 blockade by abiraterone acetate results in declines in PSA and CTC counts and radiologic responses, confirming that CRPC commonly remains hormone driven.
Wavelets and parity equations methods comparison for faulty encoder detection in PMSM drives

This paper aims to carry out a comparative study on techniques used for position sensor faults detection in PMSM drives. Fault detection algorithms are developed based on wavelets decomposition, and especially multiresolution analysis (MRA) technique, and parity equations method. The considered fault is the loss of encoder outputs information in a PMSM drive with flux oriented control (FOC). Simulation results carried out under MATLAB are discussed and comparison between the two fault detection methods is performed using as criteria effectiveness, rapidness, robustness to noise, and simplicity of real time implementation.
Low-Cost Fuzzy Logic Control for Greenhouse Environments with Web Monitoring

The design and implementation of a low-cost system for monitoring and remote control of a greenhouse using fuzzy logic is presented. For the control system, an Arduino Mega board was programmed with a fuzzy algorithm to monitor and perform control actions for environmental temperature, soil moisture, relative humidity, and lighting. A website was designed to visualize the main indicators of agricultural interest and to get access to tools such as forced ventilation, misting systems, and sprinkler irrigation. For connectivity to the webpage, an Arduino Ethernet Shield was used. Thus, it was possible to establish a local area network and monitor and control the greenhouse climate variables manually or automatically. The application designed allowed access to the configuration, monitoring, and control of climatic conditions in the greenhouse. The effectiveness of fuzzy logic to control nonlinear systems was therefore verified without the mathematical model of the plant. Thus, the use of resources for a gable roof greenhouse prototype was optimized.
Targeted primary care‐based mental health services for young Australians

627 MJA 196 (10) · 4 June 2012 Targeted primary carebased mental health services for young Australians TO THE EDITOR: The report by Scott and colleagues on the “demographic characteristics, diagnostic category, stage of illness, as well as psychosocial and vocational impairment” of 1260 patients presenting to two Sydney headspace centres1 is problematic for several reasons. No convincing data were presented to support the authors’ conclusion that the research demonstrated that “well designed youth mental health services can directly attract large numbers of young people”. In fact, the sites studied attracted only one new patient per site per working day (1260 in 27 months= 23 per month per site). Other research found that a tiny minority of young people volunteered any knowledge of headspace as a mental health resource.2 The authors further claimed that “[s]everal characteristics of headspace centres may underpin their potential to engage young people in treatment”. However, they did not provide data about whether patients attending headspace were engaged by the service, how often the patients attended or what treatments they accepted, or patient outcomes or satisfaction levels. Furthermore, given the controversy about the recent large public investment in headspace, it would have added to the value of the paper if the authors had presented the cost per patient of the service. The article is already being cited in a way that exaggerates its questionable findings, including uncorroborated claims that the study found that young people prefer headspace to GPs.3 This adds to a pattern of misleading citation4 that distorts the psychiatric literature. It is worrying that the Journal has contributed to this process by publishing a paper with claims that are inadequately supported by its findings.
European Conference on Information Systems ( ECIS ) 2010 Building a Methodology for Context-Aware Business Processes : Insights from an Exploratory Case Study

This paper describes the findings from an exploratory case study into the business processes at a leading Australian insurance provider. The business processes are frequently subjected to changes and deviations due to contextual events such as weather, financial conditions and others. In this study, we examine how context impacts business processes and how resulting business process changes are enacted. From our analysis, we suggest a methodological framework to guide organisations in the complex challenge of linking changing contextual factors with internal process design.
Mid-level Features for Audio Chord Estimation using Stacked Denoising Autoencoders

Deep neural networks composed of several pre-trained layers have been successfully applied to various tasks related to audio processing. Stacked denoising autoencoders represent one type of such networks. They are discussed in this paper in application to audio feature extraction for audio chord estimation task. The features obtained from audio spectrogram with the help of autoencoders can be used instead of conventional chroma vectors to estimate the actual chords in the audio recording.
Characterization by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and proton-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy of pertrimethylsilyl methyl glycosides obtained in the methanolysis of glycoproteins and glycopeptides.

The quantitative analysis by gas chromatography of monosaccharides present in glycoproteins and glycopeptides using methanolysis, followed by re-N-acetylation and trimethylsilylation, gives rise to several peaks for each monosaccharide. The identity of these peaks for xylose, fucose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid was established for alpha- and beta-methyl pyranosides and furanosides by combined g.l. c. -mass spectrometry and proton-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. These data provide for the unambiguous interpretation of the gas chromatograms obtained in the application of this g.l. c. method, and supply basic information for the further application of mass spectrometry in this field.
Combined Work and Leisure Physical Activity and Risk of Stroke in Men and Women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk Prospective Population Study

Most studies to date support a protective role of physical activity in reducing stroke risk. However, they were not able to take into account combined work and leisure activity. We prospectively followed up 22,602 men and women aged 40–79 years, who had no history of stroke and myocardial infarction at baseline, participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk. Participants were categorized into four levels of physical activity based on a validated self-reported questionnaire, which assesses combined work and leisure activities, at baseline during the period from 1993 to 1997. Stroke incidence was ascertained by death certificate and hospital record linkage data up to 2004, average 8.6 years of follow-up. We used the Cox proportional hazards model. There were 361 incident strokes during follow-up (total person years = 195,092). After adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol, history of diabetes and smoking, men and women who were physically active were less likely to have a stroke (relative risk = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99, p = 0.024) compared to those who were inactive. This highlights the fact that efforts to increase physical activity in both the work place and in leisure time should be encouraged.
A permutation test for inference in logistic regression with small‐ and moderate‐sized data sets

Inference based on large sample results can be highly inaccurate if applied to logistic regression with small data sets. Furthermore, maximum likelihood estimates for the regression parameters will on occasion not exist, and large sample results will be invalid. Exact conditional logistic regression is an alternative that can be used whether or not maximum likelihood estimates exist, but can be overly conservative. This approach also requires grouping the values of continuous variables corresponding to nuisance parameters, and inference can depend on how this is done. A simple permutation test of the hypothesis that a regression parameter is zero can overcome these limitations. The variable of interest is replaced by the residuals from a linear regression of it on all other independent variables. Logistic regressions are then done for permutations of these residuals, and a p‐value is computed by comparing the resulting likelihood ratio statistics to the original observed value. Simulations of binary outcome data with two independent variables that have binary or lognormal distributions yield the following results: (a) in small data sets consisting of 20 observations, type I error is well‐controlled by the permutation test, but poorly controlled by the asymptotic likelihood ratio test; (b) in large data sets consisting of 1000 observations, performance of the permutation test appears equivalent to that of the asymptotic test; and (c) in small data sets, the p‐value for the permutation test is usually similar to the mid‐p‐value for exact conditional logistic regression. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Linguistic Fuzzy-Logic Control for Mechatronic System Modelling and Control

The article presents use of a linguistic fuzzy-logic control (LFLC) system for mechatronic system modelling and control. The presented applications were verified on real laboratory tasks in the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at the University of Ostrava. The LFLC system was developed at the University of Ostrava, Institute for Research and Applications of Fuzzy Modeling. This technology enables users to describe the system behaviour and/or the control strategy as a set of fuzzy rules. Input and output variables scales are defined by contexts and their change allows using the same system description for systems with similar behaviour very easily.
Algorithm 1001

IPscatt is a free, open-source MATLAB toolbox facilitating the solution for time-independent scattering (also known as time-harmonic scattering) in two- and three-dimensional settings. The toolbox has three main application cases: simulation of the scattered field for a given transmitter-receiver geometry; the generation of simulated data as well as the handling of the real-world data from Institute Fresnel; and the reconstruction of the contrast from several measured, scattered fields. In each case, a variety of options tailored to the needs of practitioners is provided. For example, the toolbox allows the simulation of the scattered near field as well as of the far field. Also, it provides methods for the modeling of the incident field as point sources as well as plane waves. Finally, many common geometries of transmitters and receivers are included out of the box. Regarding the reconstruction, the provided functions implement the regularization scheme that relies on a primal-dual algorithm and was introduced by F. Bürgel, K. S. Kazimierski, and A. Lechleiter [Journal of Computational Physics 339 (2017), 1–30]. This article provides a survey of the mathematical concepts in scattering, connects them with the provided implementation, gives an overview of the software framework as well as its application areas, and compares it with existing software packages solving the same problem.
Resilient Distributed Data Management Protocols in Dynamic Resource Environments

Traditional cloud systems are designed to tolerate server or rack-level failures that are uncorrelated and unpredictable. Such systems successfully deliver highly-available cloud services at global scale. However, the increasing criticality of cloud services to the overall world economy is causing concerns about the impact of power/network outages, cyber-attacks, administration errors, or other causes of datacenter or larger-scale failures on cloud availability. Recent experience shows that these events can trigger cascading failures and global-scale service outages. Moreover, the continued drive for resource use optimization also increases resource dynamism and volatility. We seek to understand the resilience problem of existing cloud systems, and create highly available data services despite daily, concurrent datacenter outages. We begin by studying the impact of concurrent datacenter outages on data service availability. We characterize the failure behavior of distributed protocols that are widely used in Cassandra [35], varying protocol configurations and resource properties. Our study reveals that using such protocols to achieve high availability under correlated, datacenter-scale outages are costly in storage and update traffic, requiring replication factors of 10 or more. Further analysis reveals that such limitation arises from inflexible replication and management strategies. We argue that such resilience problem is due to the traditional assumptions of resource failures that are no longer applicable to today’s cloud computing environments. While traditional systems assume failures to be at server or rack level and with uniform, fixed failure rates, the emerging failures we are currently facing are highly correlated, varied across datacenter resources, and with more dynamism and higher frequency. To deliver highly available data services in the face of frequent, correlated outages, we propose new protocols that take the novel approach of exploiting statistical models for datacenter resource failures. The complete modeling of failure statistics enables us to (1) exploit the failure correlation for efficient load management and data storage/movement overhead upon largescale outages, (2) reflect the differences in resource reliability across datacenters for intelligent replica placement, and (3) efficiently respond to failures and recoveries with statistics-based prediction and awareness of correlated failure domains. More specifically, our protocols adopt statistical-model-based management strategies, including dynamic replica management and dynamic quorum that can adapt to real-time resource availability changes, as well as asymmetric resource treatment. In this way, our protocols can achieve 99% service availability and high consistency with low fixed cost and outage-proportional overhead. To demonstrate the improvement of our protocols, we will prototype and implement them in the framework of Cassandra. The design, the implementation, and the evaluation of those protocols will be included in the full thesis.