Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Localized address autoconfiguration in wireless ad hoc networks

We propose a localized address autoconfiguration (LaConf) scheme for wireless ad hoc networks. Address allocation information is maintained on the network border nodes, called addressing agents (AAs), which are locally identified by geographic routing protocol GFG [2]. When a node joins the network, it acquires an address from a neighboring AA (if any exists) by local communication or from the head AA (a geographic extreme AA) by GFG-based multi-hop communication. Geographic Hash Table (GHT) [19] is adopted for duplicate address detection. Each address is hashed to a unique location in the network field, and the associated assignment information is stored along the face perimeter enclosing that location (in the planar graph used). When a node receives an address assignment, it consults with the perimeter nodes around the hash location of the assigned address about any conflict. AAs detect network partition and merger locally according to neighborhood change and trigger AA re-selection and network re-configuration (if necessary). We evaluate LaConf through simulation using different planar graphs. We also propose to apply connected dominating set (CDS) [3] concept to improve the performance.
Classifier ensemble with incremental learning for disaster victim detection

Human victim detection in an urban search and rescue scenario is challenging owing to the articulated nature and unpredictable position of the human body. This study investigates the effects of using an ensemble of classifiers (AdaBoost, k-NN and SVM) with a set of different feature types (HOG and SURF) on the human victim detection problem. The classifier ensemble uses both majority voting and a decision rule based on classification history to determine the outcome. A training dataset of 1590 simulated disaster images acquired for this study is used for training and the proposed approaches are evaluated via k-fold cross validation and through tests conducted on video data. The novelty of our approach lies in the incremental learning component that acquires domain knowledge and trains in parallel without interrupting the ongoing classification process. The system achieves over 69% accuracy in detecting human victims in images of a simulated disaster scenario.
Choosing a CRC & specifying its requirements for field-loadable software

Protecting and verifying, that the integrity remains intact, of data stored and exchanged in electronic systems, has been researched for decades. That data has evolved to include the embedded machine-code, previously restricted to loading at depots or in controlled environments. This paper presents tabulated information to aid in the specification of a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code algorithm requirement, by matching it to a safety assurance level. In addition, there is a discussion about using a legacy technique to verify a field-loaded, machine-code. Bounds on shortened and/or natural block length codes for 16-bit and 32-bit CRC algorithms found in research, such as, the probability of an undetectable error for a known bit-error rate and error pattern are given. For unknown error rates, there are references to some previous research techniques.
Community Detection Based on Graph Dynamical Systems with Asynchronous Runs

A community in a network is a group of nodes that are densely connected internally but sparsely connected externally. We propose a novel approach for detecting communities in networks based on graph dynamical systems (GDS), which are computation models for networks of interacting entities. We introduce the Propose-Select-Adjust framework - a GDS-based computation model for solving network problems, and demonstrate how this model may be used in community detection. The advantage of this approach is that computation is distributed to each node which asynchronously computes its own solution. This makes the method suitable for decentralised and dynamic networks.
Investigations of HVPE grown Nonpolar a-plane GaN on Slightly Misoriented r-plane Sapphire Substrates

We have investigated the growth of nonpolar GaN templates by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). This includes a systematic study of misoriented r-plane sapphire wafers with a miscut angle up to ±1◦ towards the c-axis of the crystal as starting substrates. Starting with an AlN nucleation layer approximately 3. 3μm of nonpolar a-plane GaN are grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The subsequent growth by HVPE was optimized to obtain flat and homogeneous layers with very good crystal quality. This was illustrated by very small full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of x-ray rocking curve (XRC) measurements of less than 500 arcsec. The surface quality was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical phase contrast microscopy showing a high number of surface defects (pits) for the samples with a high miscut towards the positive direction whereas a slight miscut of +0.5 reduces the surface roughness. Additionally, smallest XRC FWHM values have been obtained for this particular miscut. A miscut towards negative directions results in lower crystalline quality and the surfaces shows hillock-like features. All GaN layers on misoriented substrates are tilted with respect to the substrate. Their tilt angle increases with the miscut angle. Its direction is opposed to the miscut of the sapphire.
Coupling of [ Ca 2 + ] i and ciliary beating in cultured tracheal epithelial cells

The molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of ciliary beating frequency (CBF) are only partially characterized. To determine whether elevation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) can cause an increase in CBF, we measured CBF and Ca2+ in single cells. Ovine tracheal epithelial cells, obtained by dissociation with protease, were grown in primary culture for 1 to 28 days in a mucus-free system. CBF of a single cilium was measured by digital video phase-contrast microscopy and on-line Fourier-transform analysis. Changes in [Ca2+]i from single cells were determined with fura-2, using ratio imaging video microscopy. Activation of a muscarinic pathway with 10 μM ACh (acetylcholine) increased [Ca2+]i from 53±9 nM (mean ± s.e.m.) to 146±12 nM or to 264±51% above initial baseline. In the same cells, ACh increased CBF from a baseline of 7±0.5 Hz to 9±0.2 Hz or to 31±2.8% above baseline (n=14). The elevations of both [Ca2+]i and CBF were transient and relaxed back to an elevated plateau (10/14 cells) as long as ACh was present. To elevate [Ca2+]i by mechanisms independent of a G-protein-coupled receptor, we measured [Ca2+]i and CBF of the same cells in extracellular solutions with either 0 Ca2+ (+ 1 mM EGTA) or 10 mM Ca2+. Both signals rose and fell with similar kinetics in response to changing [Ca2+]o, suggesting that changes in [Ca2+]i alone can modulate CBF. In a second independent manipulation, cells were treated with 1 μM thapsigargin, an irreversible inhibitor of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Upon thapsigargin addition, 37 of 42 cells showed a transient [Ca2+]i increase and, as measured in different experiments, 8 of 9 cells showed a transient increase in CBF. Interestingly, application of ACh after cells were treated with thapsigargin produced decreases in both [Ca2+]i and CBF in 8/8 cells. Lastly, after 1-3 days in culture, addition of 10 μM ACh often produced [Ca2+]i oscillations rather than transients in [Ca2+]i. Measurements of CBF in these cells showed frequency modulation of CBF with the same peakto-peak time interval as the Ca2+ oscillation. These results show that: (1) CBF can be measured from a single cilium and monitored on-line to track changes; (2) CBF and [Ca2+]i can be measured in the same single cell; (3) transient changes in [Ca2+]i (induced by 4 different manipulations) are associated with kinetically similar changes in CBF; and (4) [Ca2+]i oscillations are coupled to frequency modulation of ciliary beating. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that [Ca2+]i is a critical intracellular messenger in the regulation of CBF in mammalian tracheal epithelial cells.
On the problem of detection and discrimination of double talk and change in the echo path

The problem of detection and discrimination of double talk and change in the echo path in a telephone channel is considered. The phenomenon echo path change requires fast adaptation of the channel model to be able to equalize the echo dynamics. On the other hand, the adaption rate should be reduced when double talk occurs. Thus, it is critical to quickly detect a change in the echo path while not confusing it with double talk, which gives a similar effect. The proposed likelihood based approach compares a global channel model with a local one over a sliding window, both estimated with the recursive least squares algorithm.
Control of Memory Formation Through Regulated Expression of a CaMKII Transgene

One of the major limitations in the use of genetically modified mice for studying cognitive functions is the lack of regional and temporal control of gene function. To overcome these limitations, a forebrain-specific promoter was combined with the tetracycline transactivator system to achieve both regional and temporal control of transgene expression. Expression of an activated calcium-independent form of calcium-calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) resulted in a loss of hippocampal long-term potentiation in response to 10-hertz stimulation and a deficit in spatial memory, a form of explicit memory. Suppression of transgene expression reversed both the physiological and the memory deficit. When the transgene was expressed at high levels in the lateral amygdala and the striatum but not other forebrain structures, there was a deficit in fear conditioning, an implicit memory task, that also was reversible. Thus, the CaMKII signaling pathway is critical for both explicit and implicit memory storage, in a manner that is independent of its potential role in development.
A Novel Approach for Brain Tumor Detection Using MRI Images

Processing magnetic resonance images are very complex and constantly studied by the researchers to give doctors better ability to diagnose the patients. In order to detect automatically suspicious regions or tumors, we present a new approach inspired by threshold segmentation and based on morphological operations in this paper. The advantages of our approach come from the complementarities between these two approaches. The morphological operations extract roughly the tumor region and eventually can affect healthy while the threshold segmentation method gives a clear picture of the structure of the different brain and therefore these two approaches improve significantly the threshold segmentation and detection and extraction of the tumor zone based on morphological operations.
Near Data Computation for Message-Passing Chip-Multiprocessors

As the CMP (Chip-Multiprocessor) scale increases' moving data to computation becomes more and more expensive in terms of latency and energy consumption. Conversely, the scheme of moving computation to data has potential to improve efficiency, especially for the irregular applications that contain graph computing, hash map or matrix multiplication. This paper proposed a near-data processing scheme for the large scale CMPs with hardware message passing support, which we called in-place computation scheme. In the in-place computation scheme, an application's critical irregular data is partitioned into on-chip memory-slices and each slice is managed by an adjacent core, as any other core intends to operate such data, it sends a message to the data owner to process it, rather than fetching the data back for computation by itself. In the paper, we described the programming model, hardware/software requirements and optimization strategies of the in-place computation scheme in details. Simulations show that, compared with conventional implementations, it can improve the performance and energy-efficiency significantly in most cases, due to following factors: 1) It greatly reduces data movements and synchronizations, 2) It decreases core-pipeline stalls and improves efficiency of memory-accesses.
Different Expression Patterns and Functions of Acetylated and Unacetylated Klf5 in the Proliferation and Differentiation of Prostatic Epithelial Cells

KLF5 is a basic transcription factor that regulates multiple biological processes. While it was identified as a putative tumor suppressor in prostate cancer, likely due to its function as an effector of TGF-β in the inhibition of cell proliferation, KLF5 is unacetylated and promotes cell proliferation in the absence of TGF-β. In this study, we evaluated the expression and function of KLF5 in prostatic epithelial homeostasis and tumorigenesis using mouse prostates and human prostate epithelial cells in 3-D culture. Histological and molecular analyses demonstrated that unacetylated-Klf5 was expressed in basal or undifferentiated cells, whereas acetylated-Klf5 was expressed primarily in luminal and/or differentiated cells. Androgen depletion via castration increased both the level of Klf5 expression and the number of Klf5-positive cells in the remaining prostate. Functionally, knockdown of KLF5 in the human RWPE-1 prostate cell line decreased the number of spheres formed in 3-D culture. In addition, knockout of Klf5 in prostate epithelial cells, mediated by probasin promoter-driven Cre expression, did not cause neoplasia but promoted cell proliferation and induced hyperplasia when one Klf5 allele was knocked out. Knockout of both Klf5 alleles however, caused apoptosis rather than cell proliferation in the epithelium. In castrated mice, knockout of Klf5 resulted in more severe shrinkage of the prostate. These results suggest that KLF5 plays a role in the proliferation and differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells, yet loss of KLF5 alone is insufficient to induce malignant transformation in epithelial cells.
Modelling hyphal growth of the bio-incising fungus Physisporinus vitreus.

The white-rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus preferentially degrades the pit membranes of bordered pits in tracheids and subsequently enhances wood permeability. Thus, P. vitreus can be used to improve the uptake of wood preservatives and environmentally-benign wood modification substances. This process can be used to enhance the use and sustainability of native conifer wood species by the wood industry. Mathematical modelling in combination with laboratory experiments is a powerful and efficient investigation method that enables a deeper insight into complex interactions between biological systems and their environment. The objective of mathematical modelling is not to develop an extremely complex system of equations in an attempt to mimic reality. Rather, it is applied to reduce a complex (biological) system into a simpler (mathematical) system that can be analyzed in more detail and from which key properties can be identified, isolated and investigated. In addition, a verified mathematical model enables to optimize hyphal growth and impact of the P. vitreus. Enhanced uptake of wood preservatives and environmentally-benign wood modification substances of Norway spruce wood and optimized quality control processes would be of importance for the usability, durability and sustainability of wooden structures in civil engineering. In this paper we present a mathematical model of hyphal growth and expansion of P. vitreus in heartwood of Norway spruce. The model enables to investigate the global penetration front of the fungus in wood as function of the control parameters as well as its shape and penetration depth. This model will serve to assist the choice of pellet concentration and reaction times that are required to induce a defined degree of wood permeability by the fungus.
"A Compromise to Help the Community": Rural Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Experiences

Victims of sexual assault require specialized medical care when they report to hospital emergency departments including physical examination, evidence collection, and emotional support. Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs) are medical professionals trained to complete the examination and evidence collection in a prompt and sensitive manner. In fact, where SANE programs exist, emergency room waiting times are shorter, evidence collection improves, and revictimization from untrained staff is reduced. Unfortunately, SANEs are not widely available, particularly in rural areas. This lack of trained examiners employed at local hospitals creates a gap in access to proper care, often resulting in long waits as hospitals try to locate an examiner, treatment from untrained staff, or a referral to another hospital. The purpose of this study was to determine SANE’s perceptions of the barriers contributing to their low representation in one Midwestern rural community. In-depth semi-structured interviews were completed with six Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners. Findings of this study suggested that Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners working in rural areas experience many of the same difficulties that Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners in urban areas experience in addition to their own unique challenges. Difficulties that rural and urban SANEs have in common include frustrations with on-call systems, difficulties with scheduling, difficulties maintaining competency and proficiency in SANE skills, and experiences of vicarious trauma. SANEs working in rural areas face unique challenges related to patient privacy as well as their own challenges related to competency. This study suggested for example, that rural SANE programs face additional challenges keeping SANEs proficient in their skills because of the low rates of sexual assault survivors seeking SANE services in rural areas. Policy recommendations and avenues for future research are also discussed.
Long-term real-time chemical characterization of submicron aerosols at Montsec (southern Pyrenees, 1570 m a.s.l.)

Abstract. Real-time measurements of inorganic (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and black carbon (BC)) and organic submicron aerosols (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 μm) from a continental background site (Montsec, MSC, 1570 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean Basin (WMB) were conducted for 10 months (July 2011–April 2012). An aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) was co-located with other online and offline PM1 measurements. Analyses of the hourly, diurnal, and seasonal variations are presented here, for the first time, for this region. Seasonal trends in PM1 components are attributed to variations in evolution of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, air mass origin, and meteorological conditions. In summer, the higher temperature and solar radiation increases convection, enhancing the growth of the PBL and the transport of anthropogenic pollutants towards high altitude sites. Furthermore, the regional recirculation of air masses over the WMB creates a continuous increase in the background concentrations of PM1 components and causes the formation of reservoir layers at relatively high altitudes. The combination of all these atmospheric processes results in a high variability of PM1 components, with poorly defined daily patterns, except for the organic aerosols (OA). OA was mostly composed (up to 90%) of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), split in two types: semivolatile (SV-OOA) and low-volatility (LV-OOA), the rest being hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA). The marked diurnal cycles of OA components regardless of the air mass origin indicates that they are not only associated with anthropogenic and long-range-transported secondary OA (SOA) but also with recently produced biogenic SOA. Very different conditions drive the aerosol phenomenology in winter at MSC. The thermal inversions and the lower vertical development of the PBL leave MSC in the free troposphere most of the day, being affected by PBL air masses only after midday, when the mountain breezes transport emissions from the adjacent valleys and plains to the top of the mountain. This results in clear diurnal patterns of both organic and inorganic concentrations. OA was also mainly composed (71%) of OOA, with contributions from HOA (5%) and biomass burning OA (BBOA; 24%). Moreover, in winter sporadic long-range transport from mainland Europe is observed. The results obtained in the present study highlight the importance of SOA formation processes at a remote site such as MSC, especially in summer. Additional research is needed to characterize the sources and processes of SOA formation at remote sites.
Parallel Look-Ahead Digital SDM with Energy-Balance Binary Comparator

Conventional digital SDM employs an amplitude comparator to convert a uniformly sampled multilevel signal to a binary bit stream where negative feedback is used to frequency-shape the output distortion spectrum. A modified threshold decision process is proposed, which derives an energy matrix from the state variables, calculated over a five-sample look-ahead period. An energy-balance comparator then determines the binary output code for each sampling instant. A principal objective is to achieve stable coding for high-order SDM when excited by high-amplitude input signals as, for example, encountered in switching power amplifier applications. It is also shown how energy-balance look-ahead SDM (ELSDM) can be transformed to a highly parallel, matrix-based operation suitable for concurrent processing.
Group-based recipe recommendations: analysis of data aggregation strategies

Collaborative filtering recommendations were designed primarily for individual user models and recommendations. However, nowadays more and more scenarios evolve, in which the recommended items are consumed by groups of users rather than by individuals. This raises the need to uncover the most appropriate group-based collaborative filtering recommendation strategy. In this work we investigate the use of aggregated group data in collaborative filtering recipe recommendations. We present results of a study that exploits recipe ratings provided by families of users, in order to evaluate the accuracy of several group recommendation strategies and weighting models, and analyze the impact of switching strategies, data aggregation heuristics, and group characteristics on the performance of recommendations.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FROVATRIPTAN SUCCINATE MONOHYDRATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS

IJPT | Sep-2010 | Vol. 2 | Issue No.3 | 565-576 Page 565 ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline. com SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FROVATRIPTAN SUCCINATE MONOHYDRATE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS Sasmita Kumari Acharjya*, Priyambada Mallick, Pinakini Panda and M.Mathrusri Annapurna Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Quality Assurance, Berhampur, Orissa, India, 760010. Email: acharjya2009@gmail.com
Static and Dynamic Verification Method of Trusted Embedded Software Systems

This paper focuses on the modeling and verification method of trusted embedded software. This paper firstly probes into the modeling process of trusted embedded software and then through analyzing key factors which make the software un-trusted, the paper puts forward a trusted modeling and validation framework. Since the initial stage of software implementation is a kind of requirement modeling, its dependability directly affects that of subsequent stages.