Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining Temporal and Spectral Information with Spatial Mapping to Identify Differences between Phonological and Semantic Networks: A Magnetoencephalographic Approach

Early, lesion-based models of language processing suggested that semantic and phonological processes are associated with distinct temporal and parietal regions respectively, with frontal areas more indirectly involved. Contemporary spatial brain mapping techniques have not supported such clear-cut segregation, with strong evidence of activation in left temporal areas by both processes and disputed evidence of involvement of frontal areas in both processes. We suggest that combining spatial information with temporal and spectral data may allow a closer scrutiny of the differential involvement of closely overlapping cortical areas in language processing. Using beamforming techniques to analyze magnetoencephalography data, we localized the neuronal substrates underlying primed responses to nouns requiring either phonological or semantic processing, and examined the associated measures of time and frequency in those areas where activation was common to both tasks. Power changes in the beta (14–30 Hz) and gamma (30–50 Hz) frequency bands were analyzed in pre-selected time windows of 350–550 and 500–700 ms In left temporal regions, both tasks elicited power changes in the same time window (350–550 ms), but with different spectral characteristics, low beta (14–20 Hz) for the phonological task and high beta (20–30 Hz) for the semantic task. In frontal areas (BA10), both tasks elicited power changes in the gamma band (30–50 Hz), but in different time windows, 500–700 ms for the phonological task and 350–550 ms for the semantic task. In the left inferior parietal area (BA40), both tasks elicited changes in the 20–30 Hz beta frequency band but in different time windows, 350–550 ms for the phonological task and 500–700 ms for the semantic task. Our findings suggest that, where spatial measures may indicate overlapping areas of involvement, additional beamforming techniques can demonstrate differential activation in time and frequency domains.
TEAPOT: a toolset for evaluating performance, power and image quality on mobile graphics systems

In this paper we present TEAPOT, a full system GPU simulator, whose goal is to allow the evaluation of the GPUs that reside in mobile phones and tablets. To this extent, it has a cycle accurate GPU model for evaluating performance, power models for the GPU, the memory subsystem and for OLED screens, and image quality metrics. Unlike prior GPU simulators, TEAPOT supports the OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 API, so that it can simulate all commercial graphical applications available for Android systems. To illustrate potential uses of this simulating infrastructure, we perform two case studies. We first turn our attention to evaluating the impact of the OS when simulating graphical applications. We show that the overall GPU power/performance is greatly affected by common OS tasks, such as image composition, and argue that application level simulation is not sufficient to understand the overall GPU behavior. We then utilize the capabilities of TEAPOT to perform studies that trade image quality for energy. We demonstrate that by allowing for small distortions in the overall image quality, a significant amount of energy can be saved.
Certification process of software components

Component based systems are the result of structuring a system according to particular design pattern which involves components, component frameworks, component models, component composition, component interfaces, contracts and certification. The success of component-based software engineering depends on system integrator's ability to select the most suitable components for their intended application. This is only possible if component suppliers have clear and reliable information about their component's functional and nonfunctional properties. The component attributes allow system integrator to better classify the components. This paper makes an effort to define certain properties of a component, which are helpful during their classification process. This paper also tries to enlighten the component certification/accreditation process, which helps component suppliers to issue the guarantee of claimed functional properties and quality attributes.
No Adjustments Are Needed for Multiple Comparisons

Adjustments for making multiple comparisons in large bodies of data are recommended to avoid rejecting the null hypothesis too readily. Unfortunately, reducing the type I error for null associations increases the type II error for those associations that are not null. The theoretical basis for advocating a routine adjustment for multiple comparisons is the “universal null hypothesis” that “chance” serves as the first-order explanation for observed phenomena. This hypothesis undermines the basic premises of empirical research, which holds that nature hollows regular laws that may he studied through observations. A policy of not making adjustments for multiple comparisons is preferable because it will lead to fewer errors of interpretation when the data under evaluation are not random numbers but actual observations on nature. Furthermore, scientists should not he so reluctant to explore leads that may turn out to he wrong that they penalize themselves by missing possibly important findings.
Innovations in interaction design & learning

Many new technologies for children focus on fostering learning. However, designers and researchers often come from disparate traditions that either stress innovative design methodologies (e.g. participatory design) or rigorous examination of learning (e.g., design-based research). This workshop brings together researchers who are actively engaged in, or interested in, weaving together these research fields to develop usable, engaging, and innovative technologies that are also deeply grounded in theories of learning. We invite participants to submit position papers describing their work in progress. The goals of the workshop will be to better articulate the unique issues that arise at the intersection of interaction design and learning design, and develop an agenda for a next wave of research that draws a clear link between methodologies in these fields. All topic areas related to design, learning, and children are welcome.
Optimal Uncertainty Quantification

We propose a rigorous framework for Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) in which the UQ objectives and the assumptions/information set are brought to the forefront. This framework, which we call \emph{Optimal Uncertainty Quantification} (OUQ), is based on the observation that, given a set of assumptions and information about the problem, there exist optimal bounds on uncertainties: these are obtained as values of well-defined optimization problems corresponding to extremizing probabilities of failure, or of deviations, subject to the constraints imposed by the scenarios compatible with the assumptions and information. In particular, this framework does not implicitly impose inappropriate assumptions, nor does it repudiate relevant information. Although OUQ optimization problems are extremely large, we show that under general conditions they have finite-dimensional reductions. As an application, we develop \emph{Optimal Concentration Inequalities} (OCI) of Hoeffding and McDiarmid type. Surprisingly, these results show that uncertainties in input parameters, which propagate to output uncertainties in the classical sensitivity analysis paradigm, may fail to do so if the transfer functions (or probability distributions) are imperfectly known. We show how, for hierarchical structures, this phenomenon may lead to the non-propagation of uncertainties or information across scales. In addition, a general algorithmic framework is developed for OUQ and is tested on the Caltech surrogate model for hypervelocity impact and on the seismic safety assessment of truss structures, suggesting the feasibility of the framework for important complex systems. The introduction of this paper provides both an overview of the paper and a self-contained mini-tutorial about basic concepts and issues of UQ.
Reactive hyperplasic lesions of the oral cavity: A survey of 295 cases at a Tertiary Health Institution in Kerala

Background: The aim of this study was to review the clinicopathologic features of reactive hyperplastic lesions (RHLs) of the oral cavity at a Tertiary Health Institution in Kerala and compare these data with those of previously reported studies. Materials and Methods: The patient case files from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology during the period between January 2007 and December 2011 were reviewed for cases of RHLs of the oral cavity. Both clinical and histopathological diagnoses of reactive lesions were selected for the study. Data including the type of the lesion, age, gender and the site involved were collected. Results: From a total of 2753 cases reviewed, 295 histologically diagnosed cases of RHLs were obtained with a prevalence of 10.7%. The data consist of 85 (28.8%) males and 210 (71.2%) females. The most common lesion clinically was traumatic fibroma (69.3%) and histologically fibrous hyperplasia (51.9%). The reactive lesions clinically presented as either sessile (54.9%) or pedunculated (45.1%) lesions. Conclusion: The clinical features of reactive hyperplasia among our patients were similar to those reported previously with divergence in some analyzed data. The novelty in our study was the correlation between histopathology and clinical features which were not reported in literature until date.
CoRBS: Comprehensive RGB-D benchmark for SLAM using Kinect v2

In scientific evaluation public datasets and benchmarks are indispensable to perform objective assessment. In this paper we present a new Comprehensive RGB-D Benchmark for SLAM (CoRBS). In contrast to state-of-the-art RGB-D SLAM benchmarks, we provide the combination of real depth and color data together with a ground truth trajectory of the camera and a ground truth 3D model of the scene. Our novel benchmark allows for the first time to independently evaluate the localization as well as the mapping part of RGB-D SLAM systems with real data. We obtained the ground truth for the trajectory using an external motion capture system and for the scene geometry via an external 3D scanner, each with sub-millimeter precision. With precise calibration and systematic validation we ensured the high quality of CoRBS. Our dataset contains twenty image sequences of four different scenes captured with a Kinect v2. We provide all data in a global coordinate system to enable direct evaluation without any further alignment or calibration.
Reengineering the Supply Chain - The Next Hurdle

Changes brought by supply-chain reengineering are in the news almost daily: • The Big 3 auto makers strive to turn their suppliers into systems suppliers not component makers. The outsourcing of key components reduces costs, but leads to strikes and plant shutdowns. • Proctor and Gamble reports saving $1.6 billion over five years and expects to save even more in the future through more efficient supply-chain management. • A grocery chain called David's sues its distributor, Fleming, for overcharging on its business. The suit forces an "unbundling" of distributor charges. • A major natural gas producer and pipeline operator, Enron, buys an electric utility to integrate its supply chain and compete with deregulating electric utilities for end-user customers. • A top producer of entertainment content, Disney, buys a television network, ABC, to assure distribution channels for its product. • Over 70 of the nation's largest manufacturers and shippers form the Supply-Chain Council to standardize supply-chain nomenclature and process descriptions. The Council is one of several organizations developing tools for more efficient supply-chain management. • After a review of internal processes, the Department of Defense moves to adopt commercial supply-chain processes and accelerate initiatives to electronically link its systems with commercial suppliers and carriers. • Microsoft teams with Net Logistics to launch a zero cost Web site for conducting shipping transactions in a standard format. • A coffee chain consolidates non-coffee product (muffins and other extras) delivery to reduce frenetic early morning shelf-stocking by multiple vendors. These examples illustrate the breadth and depth of supply-chain reengineering. Their scope illustrates the major difference between supply-chain and traditional reengineering efforts. Because these efforts are intercompany, the difficulties in their undertaking are orders of magnitude larger
Concept gaming

Concept learning belongs to the fundamental challenges of educational technology. Contrary to the current trend of designing and implementing contents for various web-based virtual courses, concept learning requires cognitive tools rather than digital materials. We introduce a novel scheme to generate computer games from concept maps made by a teacher or a learner herself. Concept gaming exceeds the potential of previous software packages for concept mapping in a significant feature: it adds excitement and tension to the process of building a meaningful composition of concepts related to each other. In addition, concept gaming supports learning at various levels, from memorizing up to open problem solving.
Efficacy of a New Blister Prevention Plaster Under Tropical Conditions

Abstract Category 1 Continuing Medical Education credit for WMS member physicians is available for this article. Go to http://wms.org/cme/cme.asp? whatarticle=1921 to access the test questions. Objective. —To survey the incidence of blister formation in a group of military recruits and to determine the efficacy of a new commercially available blister prevention plaster (Blist-O-Ban). Methods. —Questionnaires were completed by 100 male recruits, and the same 100 were entered into a field trial. Due to illness, 2 did not complete the study. Premarch foot condition was documented. Each participant acted as his own control. Foot side and plaster site were randomly selected, and plasters were applied according to a strict protocol. Participants were re-examined for blisters after a 16-km hike with pack, and the condition of the feet was documented. A χ2 test was used to analyze the results. Results. —Ninety-eight volunteers with 101 Blist-O-Ban application sites participated. Twenty-seven participants developed a total of 46 blisters. Heel and toe blisters accounted for more than half of all blisters. None of the bandage application sites developed blisters, and 99 out of 101 bandages remained well adhered to the application sites. Conclusions. —When applied according to strict protocol, the new blister prevention bandage remained well-adhered to application sites and prevented the formation of foot blisters even in humid tropical conditions.
Generalizing inverse compositional image alignment

The inverse compositional (IC) approach to image alignment uses characteristics of the alignment problem to improve optimization speed. While a number of authors have noted its usefulness, to date it has only been explored for least-squares type image difference measures using Gauss-Newton optimization schemes. We extend the IC approach to general difference measures, and a wider class of optimization approaches, with specific development for normalized correlation and mutual information using the BFGS optimizer. We present alignment experiments on image pairs of several different classes that demonstrate performance improvements for the general case
Association of genital human papillomavirus infection with HIV acquisition: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives To conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HIV acquisition. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Sources Scientific databases and conference abstracts were systematically searched to identify all relevant studies published up to 31 January 2012. Search terms included ‘HIV’, ‘HPV’, ‘human papillomavirus’ and ‘papillomaviridae’ as keywords or text, in the title or abstract. Methods To be eligible for inclusion, a study had to be conducted among humans, report data on HIV incidence, and assess genital HPV infection. Summary ORs and 95% CIs were estimated from the extracted data using random-effect meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted for high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) HPV oncogenic risk groups. Between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Results Of 2601 identified abstracts, six observational studies, comprising 6567 participants were retained for the systematic review and the meta-analysis. HIV acquisition was significantly associated with HPV infection (summary OR=1.96; 95% CI 1.55 to 2.49). HIV incident infection was significantly associated with HR-HPV in five of six studies and with LR-HPV in two out of five. The association was significant for HR-HPV (summary OR=1.92; 95% CI 1.49 to 2.46) and borderline for LR-HPV. No between-study heterogeneity was detected. There was a borderline indication of publication bias. Conclusions Further research is needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved, and assess the effect of HPV vaccination on HIV acquisition, using vaccines with broad coverage of HPV genotypes. Such research could have important public health implications for HIV prevention.
Control of gaze while walking: Task structure, reward, and uncertainty

While it is universally acknowledged that both bottom up and top down factors contribute to allocation of gaze, we currently have limited understanding of how top-down factors determine gaze choices in the context of ongoing natural behavior. One purely top-down model by Sprague, Ballard, and Robinson (2007) suggests that natural behaviors can be understood in terms of simple component behaviors, or modules, that are executed according to their reward value, with gaze targets chosen in order to reduce uncertainty about the particular world state needed to execute those behaviors. We explore the plausibility of the central claims of this approach in the context of a task where subjects walk through a virtual environment performing interceptions, avoidance, and path following. Many aspects of both walking direction choices and gaze allocation are consistent with this approach. Subjects use gaze to reduce uncertainty for task-relevant information that is used to inform action choices. Notably the addition of motion to peripheral objects did not affect fixations when the objects were irrelevant to the task, suggesting that stimulus saliency was not a major factor in gaze allocation. The modular approach of independent component behaviors is consistent with the main aspects of performance, but there were a number of deviations suggesting that modules interact. Thus the model forms a useful, but incomplete, starting point for understanding top-down factors in active behavior.
Towards a characterization of graphs with distinct betweenness centralities

In a social network individuals have prominent centrality if they are in-termediaries between the communication of others. The betweenness centrality of a vertex measures the number of intersecting geodesics between two other vertices. Formally, the betweenness centrality of a vertex v is the ratio of the number of shortest paths between two other vertices u and w which contain v to the total number of shortest paths between u and w . In this paper
Factors and Stopping Power Ratios for Clinical Ion Beams 2

1 Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus Univ ersity Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark 3 Department of Neutron Research, Institute for Nuclear Rese arch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia 4 Division of Acoustics and Ionising Radiation, National Phy sical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK 5 Centre for Molecular Imaging and Experimental Radiotherap y, Universit́e Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Xenon in mercury–manganese stars

Previous studies of elemental abundances in mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars have occasionally reported the presence of lines of the ionized rare noble gas Xe II, especially in a few of the hottest stars with T eff ∼ 13 000-15 000 K. A new study of this element has been undertaken using observations from Lick Observatory's Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph. In this work, the spectrum synthesis program UCLSYN has been used to undertake abundance analysis assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. We find that in the Smith & Dworetsky sample of HgMn stars, Xe is vastly overabundant in 21 of 22 HgMn stars studied, by factors of 3.1-4.8 dex. There does not appear to be a significant correlation of Xe abundance with T eff . A comparison sample of normal late B stars shows no sign of Xe II lines that could be detected, consistent with the expected weakness of lines at normal abundance. The main reason for the previous lack of widespread detection in HgMn stars is probably due to the strongest lines being at longer wavelengths than the photographic blue. The lines used in this work were λ4603. 03, λ4844. 33 and λ5292. 22.
Probing the Global Kinome and Phosphoproteome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii via Sequential Enrichment and Quantitative Proteomics

Identifying dynamic protein phosphorylation events is critical for understanding kinase/phosphatase regulated signaling pathways. Research aimed at dissecting the roles of kinases on a global “‐omics” scale has grown within the past decade with the potential to become more comprehensive for discovery‐based, untargeted kinome analyses. Utilization of immobilized kinase inhibitors [e.g., multiplexed inhibitor beads (MIBs) or kinobeads] broadly captures protein kinases through binding to the ATP‐binding domain of intact native kinases. To date, protein phosphorylation and kinase expression have been examined independently in photosynthetic organisms. Presented here is a method to study the global kinome and phosphoproteome in tandem in the model photosynthetic organism, the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlamydomonas), using mass spectrometry‐based label‐free proteomics. A dual enrichment strategy targets intact protein kinases via capture on MIBs columns with subsequent proteolytic digestion of unbound proteins and peptide‐based phosphorylation enrichment. To increase depth of coverage, both data‐dependent and data‐independent (via SWATH) mass spectrometric acquisitions were performed to obtain a >50% increase in coverage of the enriched Chlamydomonas kinome over coverage found with no enrichment. The quantitative kinome and phosphoproteomic datasets yield 115 protein kinases and 2,250 phosphopeptides with 1,314 localized phosphosites with excellent reproducibility across biological replicates (90% of quantified sites with coefficient of variation below 11%). This approach enables simultaneous investigation of kinases and phosphorylation events at the global level to facilitate understanding of kinase networks and their influence in cell signaling events. For example, through the induction of stress in Chlamydomonas and the use of differential proteomic studies of the kinome and phosphoproteome, future studies using this tandem enrichment have the potential to target specific pathways and investigate global kinome and phosphoproteome changes in a quantitative fashion.