Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimal network coding redundancy for peer-to-peer content distribution

Network coding, with the redundant information it generates, has been shown to achieve optimal multicast throughput. Such redundancy plays a key role in maximizing throughput over multiple content delivery paths between network nodes. In this paper, we study the use of network coding to speed up content distribution in peer-to-peer networks where only a constraint number of selected peers can encode, i.e. become network coders. Our goal is to optimize the redundancy network coding generates, i.e. we want to answer the question how much a given network coder should encode. This serves as a step towards understanding how network coding improves content distribution in order to optimize its deployment. Given the network topology, we analytically figure the optimal redundancy ratio at each network coder to achieve shortest distribution time. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed coding redundancy in shortening content distribution time while noticeably reducing the amount of encoding.
A TX VCO for WCDMA/EDGE in 90 nm RF CMOS

A VCO is implemented in an RF 90 nm CMOS process and covers the frequency range 2.55-4.08 GHz. Drawing 19 mA from 1.2 V, the phase noise at 20 MHz frequency offset from a 3.7 GHz carrier is -156 dBc/Hz, meeting the phase noise requirement for GSM/EDGE and SAW-less WCDMA transmitter after frequency division by 2 or by 4. A second version of the VCO covers an additional 4.90-5.75 GHz range, at the expense of a higher phase noise in the added band. In this way, all currently operational WCDMA/EDGE bands can be synthesized by a single VCO working at the double or quadruple of the desired band.
Generation of Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in the Absence of Exogenous Sox2

Induced pluripotent stem cell technology has attracted enormous interest for potential application in regenerative medicine. Here, we report that a specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) inhibitor, CHIR99021, can induce the reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts transduced by only two factors, Oct4 and Klf4. When combined with Parnate (also named tranylcypromine), an inhibitor of lysine‐specific demethylase 1, CHIR99021 can cause the reprogramming of human primary keratinocyte transduced with the two factors, Oct4 and Klf4. To our knowledge, this is the first time that human iPS cells have been generated from somatic cells without exogenous Sox2 expression. Our studies suggest that the GSK‐3 inhibitor might have a general application to replace transcription factors in both mouse and human reprogramming. STEM CELLS 2009;27:2992–3000
Phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family Alteromonadaceae and proposal of Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., Colwelliaceae fam. nov., Shewanellaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., Idiomarinaceae fam. nov

The phylogenetic relationships among marine Alteromonas-like bacteria of the genera Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Glaciecola, Thalassomonas, Colwellia, Idiomarina, Oceanimonas, Oceanisphaera, Shewanella, Moritella, Ferrimonas, Psychromonas and several other genera of the 'Gammaproteobacteria' were studied. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that some members of these genera formed several coherent groups at the family level. Characteristic signature oligonucleotides for studied taxa were defined. Signature positions are divided into three classes: (i) single compensatory mutations, (ii) double compensatory mutations and (iii) mutations affecting nucleotides not paired in the secondary structure. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity level within genera was 93 % or above. This value can be a useful additional criterion for genus discrimination. On the basis of this work and previous polyphasic taxonomic studies, the circumscription of the family Alteromonadaceae is limited to the genera Alteromonas and Glaciecola and the creation is proposed of the families Pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov. to accommodate bacteria of the genera Pseudoalteromonas and Algicola gen. nov. (formerly Pseudoalteromonas bacteriolytica) and Colwelliaceae fam. nov. to accommodate bacteria of the genera Colwellia and Thalassomonas. Bacteria of the genera Oceanimonas and Oceanisphaera formed a robust cluster and shared common signature oligonucleotides. Because of deep branching and lack of association with any other genus, the following families are proposed that include single genera: Idiomarinaceae fam. nov., Psychromonadaceae fam. nov., Moritellaceae fam. nov., Ferrimonadaceae fam. nov. and Shewanellaceae fam. nov. Finally, this study also revealed that [Hyphomicrobium] indicum should be reclassified as Photobacterium indicum comb. nov.
Three-layered prioritized cognitive radio networks with channel aggregation and fragmentation techniques

Dynamic spectrum allocation techniques are usually based on the assumption of a homogeneous cognitive radio network. In this work we describe a Continuous time Markov chain model that allows different types of bandwidth requirements and priority traffic. We have improved the lowest priority user's performance using channel aggregation and fragmentation, which are mechanisms envisioned for the LTE-A/4G standard. The evaluation consists on analytical and simulation results that have shown that pure channel aggregation performs similarly to the combined use of aggregation and fragmentation while both outperformed the fixed bandwidth approach.
Circumcision and Acquisition of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Men

Background: The role of circumcision in male HPV acquisition is not clear. Methods: Male university students (aged 18–20 years) were recruited from 2003 to 2009 and followed up triannually. Shaft/scrotum, glans, and urine samples were tested for 37 &agr; human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. Cox proportional hazards methods were used to evaluate the association between circumcision and HPV acquisition. Logistic regression was used to assess whether the number of genital sites infected at incident HPV detection or site of incident detection varied by circumcision status. Results: In 477 men, rates of acquiring clinically relevant HPV types (high-risk types plus types 6 and 11) did not differ significantly by circumcision status (hazard ratio for uncircumcised relative to circumcised subjects: 0.9 [95% confidence interval{CI}: 0.7–1.2]). However, compared with circumcised men, uncircumcised men were 10.1 (95% CI: 2.9–35.6) times more likely to have the same HPV type detected in all 3 genital specimens than in a single genital specimen and were 2.7 (95% CI: 1.6–4.5) times more likely to have an HPV-positive urine or glans specimen at first detection. Conclusions: Although the likelihood of HPV acquisition did not differ by circumcision status, uncircumcised men were more likely than circumcised men to have infections detected at multiple genital sites, which may have implications for HPV transmission.
Transferencia de oxigenio no cultivo em estado solido de Drechslera (Helminthosporium) monoceras

O cultivo em estado solido tem merecido expressiva atencao nos ultimos anos pelas vantagens oferecidas principalmente nos processos que envolvem fungos filamentosos. Entretanto, o interesse pelos fenomenos de transferencia de massa e pelo desempenho de biorreatores e objeto de estudos mais recentes, motivado pelo escalonamento dos processos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a transferencia de oxigenio no processo de producao de proteinas alergenicas obtidas da biomassa de Drechslera (Helminthosporium) monoceras por cultivo em estado solido em colunas de leito fixo com farelo de trigo e espuma de poliuretano. Os resultados indicam que vazoes de ar da ordem de 1L/min e 30mm de altura de leito de particulas mantem a umidade inicial do meio solido praticamente constante para farelo de trigo. Essas condicoes asseguram os melhores valores de KLas, alem de minimizar a compactacao do leito, permitir o crescimento na fase aerea e assegurar a ausencia de agua livre durante o processo. O cultivo em espuma de poliuretano apresenta producao de proteinas superior aos ensaios com farelo de trigo devido a manutencao das propriedades fisicas da matriz solida inerte. Foram identificadas proteinas na faixa de 15 a 139kDa para ensaios em farelo de trigo e 11 a 244kDa sobre espuma de poliuretano, sendo que as fracoes indicadas como mais alergenicas 14,4, 36 e 60kDa foram encontradas para os dois tipos de suportes. Estes resultados mostram que condicoes selecionadas de vazao de ar, altura de leito e suporte solido preservam a ausencia de agua livre no cultivo em estado solido, aumentando a producao das proteinas alergenicas e facilitando o controle do processo Abstract
Modelling fat mass as a function of weekly physical activity profiles measured by Actigraph accelerometers

We show results on the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) using a new approach for modelling the relationship between health outcomes and physical activity assessed by accelerometers. The key feature of the model is that it uses the histogram of physical activity counts as a predictor function, rather than scalar summary measures such as average daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Three models are fitted: (1a) A regression of fat mass at age 12 (N = 4164) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12; (1b) A regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2403) onto the histogram of accelerometer counts at age 12 and (1c) a regression of fat mass at age 14 (N = 2413) onto the accelerometer counts at age 14. All three models significantly improve on models including MVPA instead of the histogram and improve the goodness of fit of models (2a), (2b) and (2c) from R2 = 0.267, 0.248 and 0.230 to R2 = 0.292, 0.263 and 0.258 for models (1a), (1b) and (1c) respectively. The proportion of time spent in sedentary and very light activity (corresponding to slow walking and similar activities) has a positive contribution towards fat mass and time spent in moderate to vigorous activity has a negative contribution towards fat mass.
Myocardial uptake and kinetic properties of technetium-99m-Q3 in dogs.

UNLABELLED We postulated that 99mTc-Q3, a cationic imaging agent, produces myocardial activity related to myocardial blood flow during myocardial ischemia and pharmacologic coronary artery vasodilation, and shows little or no myocardial redistribution over 4 hr after intravenous injection. METHODS In six Group 1 dogs, the chest was opened, the left circumflex coronary artery was acutely ligated, and dipyridamole (0.32, 0.56 or 0.84 mg/kg) was infused into the right atrium, followed by 10 mCi of 99mTc-Q3. Myocardial blood flow was measured by radiolabeled microspheres. The animals were euthanized and 357 myocardial samples were assayed in a well counter for 99mTc activity. One week later, radiolabeled microsphere activity was counted and myocardial blood flow calculated. In nine Group 2 dogs, a variable occluder was placed around the left circumflex coronary artery and an ischemic level of circumflex blood flow was maintained constant over 4 hr as measured by an ultrasonic flow meter. Dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg) was then infused into the right atrium followed by 10 mCi of 99mTc-Q3. Gamma camera images were acquired at 5, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following 99mTc-Q3 injection. Microsphere blood flow and endocardial biopsies (n = 6 dogs) were performed at 30, 60, 120 and 240 min following 99mTc-Q3 injection. RESULTS In the Group 1 animals, 99mTc activity (y) was related to myocardial blood flow (x) from 0 to 6.1 ml/min/g by the relationship y = 0.83X + 0.18, r = 0.95, p = 0.0001. The scintigraphic ratio of myocardial perfusion defect zone counts-to-normal myocardial zone counts (0.54 +/- 0.05 at 30 min) remained constant over 4 hr, as did technetium counts from direct endocardial sampling. Scintigraphic count ratios allowed discrimination between perfusion defect and normal myocardial regions beginning at 5 min following 99mTc-Q3 injection. CONCLUSIONS Over a range of myocardial blood flows from 0 to 6.1 ml/min/g, 99mTc-Q3 myocardial activity is related to myocardial flow at the time of tracer injection. Technetium-99m-Q3 shows no evidence of myocardial redistribution over a 4-hr period.
Numerical Study of (0001) Face GaN/InGaN p-i-n Solar Cell With Compositional Grading Configuration

The advantages of a (0001) face GaN/InGaN p-i-n solar cell with compositional grading configuration between i-InGaN/p-GaN layers are studied numerically. With the use of the grading layer, the conversion efficiency is markedly promoted due to the reduction of potential barrier height for holes and due to the decrease of polarization. Optimized conversion efficiency is obtained when the thickness of the grading layer increases to a critical value. This critical thickness is strongly influenced by the polarization charges and doping concentration of the grading layer. When the density of the polarization charges is high or the doping concentration is low, a thick grading layer is required to achieve high efficiency.
Frequent Association between Alteration of therdxA Gene and Metronidazole Resistance in French and North African Isolates of Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT Mutations in the rdxA gene have been associated with the acquisition of resistance to metronidazole in Helicobacter pylori. This gene encodes an NADPH nitroreductase whose expression is necessary for intracellular activation of the drug. We wished to examine whether mutations in rdxA were present in resistant H. pylori isolates infecting either French or North African patients. We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the rdxA genes from seven French and six North African patients infected with paired resistant and sensitive strains. Genotyping by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis confirmed the close genetic relatedness of the susceptible and resistant isolates from individual biopsies. Eight French and five North African individual resistant strains were also studied. For the French strains, an alteration in rdxA most probably implicated in resistance was found in 10 cases (seven frameshift mutations, two missense mutations, and one deletion of 211 bp). One to three putative missense mutations were identified in four cases, and a missense mutation possibly not implicated in resistance was discovered in the last case. For the North African strains, an alteration inrdxA was found in eight cases (three frameshift mutations, three missense mutations, one deletion of 6 bp, and one insertion of a variant of IS605). Two strains contained putative missense mutations, and no change was observed in rdxA of the last strain. Thus, inactivation of the rdxA gene is frequently, but not always, associated with resistance to metronidazole in French and North African clinical isolates of H. pylori. In addition, a variety of alterations of rdxA are associated with the resistant phenotype.
The Non-Profit Sector: Leveraging Resources and Strengths to Promote More Physically Active Lifestyles.

BACKGROUND Many Americans do not meet current minimum physical activity recommendations. Although the choice to be physically active is made by individuals, that choice is affected by the social and physical environments in which people live, work, play and learn. Creating environments that are more supportive of physical activity will require policies, practices and programs that individuals may not be able to influence on their own; such changes will require comprehensive, coordinated and collaborative action by a variety of organizational sectors at national, state and local levels. Because of their core-and frequently unique-competencies, many non-profit organizations are poised to be active players in promoting important changes in policy and community environments that can facilitate lifelong physical activity for all Americans. METHODS Review of mission statements and strategic plans of a variety of non-profit organizations reveal key characteristics and competencies that can be leveraged, frequently across multiple levels and sectors, to promote physical activity. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS Nonprofit organizations should leverage their unique capabilities, particularly in the areas of advocacy, strategic collaborations and outreach to their membership, volunteer and/or constituent bases to promote policy and environmental changes in support of physical activity.
Teller-Characters and Reflector-Characters in Narrative Theory

The theory of narrative which I have presented in Theorie des Erziihlens' and from which the following is an extract (mainly of chapter six) concentrates on the process of narrative transmission. It is based on the assumption that mediacy (Mittelbarkeit) is the generic characteristic that distinguishes narrative from drama, poetry and, as a rule, also from film. Being a complex generic phenomenon, mediacy has to be analyzed on the basis of its chief constitutive elements. These are presented in the form of the following oppositions of distinctive features: identity and non-identity of the realism of the fictional characters and of the narrator (first-/third-person narration); internal and external perspective (limited point of view/omniscience); teller-character and reflector-character as agents of transmission (telling/showing). The structural significance of these basic oppositions emerges from the observation that a transformation of a narrative text determined by one pole of one of these oppositions into a text dominated by its opposite elements usually alters the meaning of the narrative. In this way the central chapters of the Theorie attempt a verification of the structural significance of these oppositions. Illustrations are drawn mainly from English, American and German novels, ranging from DeFoe, Sterne, and Goethe, to Thomas Mann, Faulkner, Joyce, Beckett, M. Frisch, and Vonnegut. In the teller/reflector opposition we perceive two contrary manifestations of mediacy of presentation, the generic characteristic of all narrative: on the one hand overt mediacy, when the process of narrative transmission becomes part of the thematic texture of the story; and on the other hand covert or dissimulated mediacy, which produces in the reader the illusion of immediacy of presentation. Almost all narrative texts, a few shorter stories excepted, oscillate
Recruitment of Calcium from Intracellular Stores Does Not Occur during the Expression of Large Spontaneous Calcium Oscillations in GH3 Cells and Lactotropic Cells in Primary Culture

We used simultaneous electrophysiological and intracellular calcium microfluorometry recordings to directly test for the presence of a calcium-induced calcium release mechanism in individual GH<sub>3</sub> cells and cells of a lactotrope-enriched primary culture. In voltage-pulse experiments, extending the duration of a depolarizing voltage-pulse increased intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>), but we did not observe any evidence for recruitment of intracellular calcium stores. Furthermore, depletion of intracellular calcium stores with thapsigargin or caffeine did not change the calculated calcium buffer capacity of the cells. In current-clamp experiments, we observed elevations in [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> in response to spontaneous action potentials. These [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> responses were not inhibited by thapsigargin or caffeine. We did find a significant correlation between the magnitude of spontaneous [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> increases and action potential duration. We conclude that intracellular calcium stores are not released during the spontaneous [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> oscillations observed in these cells, and that the magnitude of [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> oscillations is a direct result of extracellular calcium influx that is determined in part by action potential duration.
QTL With Pleiotropic Effects on Serum Levels of Bone‐Specific Alkaline Phosphatase and Osteocalcin Maps to the Baboon Ortholog of Human Chromosome 6p23‐21.3

Bone ALP and OC are under partial genetic control. This study of 591 pedigreed baboons shows a QTL corresponding to human 6p23–21.3 that accounts for 25% (bone ALP) and 20% (OC) of the genetic variance. A gene affecting osteoblast activity, number, or recruitment likely resides in this area.
The Steady Inflation Rate of Economic Growth

This paper considers the existence of a path of GDP corresponding to steady inflation in the prices of domestic goods. We estimate the steady inflation rate of growth, denoted the SIRG, at a little over 4 per cent per annum in the post-float period. Changes in inflation are modelled as a nonlinear combination of growth and changes in import price inflation. Because import price inflation is more volatile than overall inflation, policy that targets overall inflation may require growth to fluctuate considerably, whereas growth can be steady if the target is steady inflation of domestic goods' prices.
Duloxetine-related galactorrhea and restless legs syndrome: a case report.

High prolactin hormone level in the blood is known as hyperprolactinemia. The most common symptom of hyperprolactinemia is galactorrhea, in which spontaneous milky discharge is seen from all ducts of the two mammary glands. Dopamine has an inhibitor effect on prolactin, in the tuberoinfundibular tract and inhibition of dopamine increases the serum prolactin level (Feuchtl et al. 2004). Monoaminoxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were identified as a cause of hyperprolactinemia (Wieck et al. 2004). However, data regarding hyperprolactinemia due to duloxetine, a novel serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, are limited (Ashton & Longdon 2007). Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by distressing sensations deep inside the limbs, typically occurring at bedtime or rest. These paresthesias involve an irresistible urge to move the limb, which provides temporary relief but at the expense of sleep and quality of life. RLS may be a primary or a secondary condition. Secondary causes of RLS include iron deficiency, chronic kidney disease, pregnancy, and various medications (Allen et al. 2003). In a study, RLS was noted as a possible side effect of the use of fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine, duloxetine, and mirtazapine (Rottach et al. 2008). In the present paper, we report a case of duloxetinerelated galactorrhea and restless legs syndrome.
A New Method for Detection of Brain Stem in Transcranial Ultrasound Images

Transcranial sonography is to date the only method able to detect structural damage of the brain tissue in the Parkinson’s disease patients. The problem is that the images provided by this method often suffer from a very poor quality, which makes the final diagnosis strongly dependent on experience of examinating medical doctor. Our objective is to create a method that should help to minimize the physician’s subjectivity in the final diagnosis and should provide more exact information about the processed ultrasound images. The method itself is divided into two phases. In the first one, we try to locate the position of a minimal window containing the brain stem in the analyzed image. In the second phase, we locate and measure the echogenic substantia