Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Completely Surface-Potential-Based Compact Model of the Fully Depleted SOI-MOSFET Including Short-Channel Effects

The reported circuit simulation model Hiroshima University semiconductor technology academic research center IGFET model silicon-on-insulator (HiSIM-SOI) for the fully depleted SOI-MOSFET is based on a complete surface-potential description. Not only the surface potential in the MOSFET channel, but also the potentials at both surfaces of the buried oxide are solved iteratively, which allows including of all relevant device features of the SOI-MOSFET explicitly and in a physically correct way. In particular, an additional parasitic electric field, induced by the surface-potential distribution at the buried oxide, has to be included for accurate modeling of the short-channel effects. The total iteration time for surface potential calculation with HiSIM-SOI is under most bias conditions only a factor 2.0 (up to a factor 3.0 for some bias conditions) longer than for the bulk-MOSFET HiSIM model, where just the channel surface potential is involved. It is verified that HiSIM-SOI reproduces measured current-voltage (I-V) and 1/f noise characteristics of a 250-nm fully depleted SOI technology in the complete operating range with an average error of 1% and 15%, respectively. Stable convergence of HiSIM-SOI in the circuit simulation is confirmed
Prevalence of Low Vitamin D in Patients with Breast Cancer in a Predominantly Hispanic Population at the American-Mexican Border

ABSTRACT Introduction: Low level of vitamin D (VD) has been linked with a higher risk of cancers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of low VD in patients with breast cancer in a predominantly Mexican Hispanic/Latino patient population, a fast growing and relatively understudied population. Materials/Methods: We sought to evaluate the serum VD levels in breast cancer patients diagnosed at the Texas Tech University Breast Cancer Center in El Paso, TX, between May 2013 and May2014 via a retrospective chart review of the Electronic Medical Records. Results: We identified a total of 83 consecutive breast cancer patients with available VD levels. Mean age 57 yr, 94% were Hispanics. VD was insufficient (<30 ng/ml) in 86% of patients (95% CI: 0.76–0.92) and it was deficient (<20 ng/ml) in 39% (95% CI: 0.28–0.50). Conclusion: VD deficiency is widely prevalent in Hispanic/Latino patients with breast cancer. This is quite alarming in view of possible increased risk of cancer with low VD and potentially worse cancer outcomes. This calls for increased efforts to screen for, diagnose, and treat VD deficiency in this patient population. Further pharmacogenomics studies are warranted to explore the underlying etiology of VD deficiency in this paradoxically sunny region.
Histogram measurement of ADC nonlinearities using sine waves

This paper gives results concerning the measurement of differential and integral nonlinearity of ADC's using the histogram method with a sine wave input signal. We specify the amount of overdrive required as a function of the noise level and the desired accuracy and the number of samples required as a function of the desired accuracy, the desired confidence level, and the noise level. An analysis of the effect on the results of harmonic distortion of the applied signal is given. The error analysis assumes a mixture of coherent and random sampling rather than pure random sampling. >
Large Eddy Simulation of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine in High Angle of Attack Flow

A renewed interest in vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) has been seen recently. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is regarded as a promising technique for aerodynamic studies of VAWTs. In particular, 2D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) is commonly adopted, although past studies on VAWTs revealed the limited accuracy of 2D URANS. This paper investigated the feasibility and accuracy of three different CFD approaches, namely 2D URANS, 2.5D URANS and 2.5D Large Eddy Simulations (LES), in the aerodynamic characterization of straight-bladed VAWT (SBVAWT), with a focus on the capability of the 2.5D LES approach in CFD simulation of high angle of attack (AOA) flow. The 2.5D model differs from a full 3D model in that only a certain length of blades is modeled with periodic boundaries at the two extremities of the domain. The applications of these three approaches were systematically examined in the aerodynamic simulations of a single static airfoil and a 3-blade SBVAWT at different rotating speeds. Their capabilities to predict the aerodynamic forces were evaluated through a comparison with the wind tunnel results obtained by other researchers, with particular attention to high AOA flow beyond stall. Among the three methods, 2.5D LES yielded the best agreement with the experimental results in both cases. Detailed examinations of simulated flow field revealed that 2.5D LES produces more realistic 3D vortex diffusion after flow separation, resulting in more accurate predictions of aerodynamic coefficients in static or dynamic stall situations. It is noteworthy that 2.5D LES cannot capture the effect of tip vortex and vertical flow divergence in VAWTs, which used to be regarded by some researchers as the major cause of overprediction of VAWT power in 2D URANS. In this study, the considerably improved results achieved by 2.5D LES imply that the poor accuracy of URANS method is mainly due to its inherent limitation in vortex modeling. In general, 2.5D LES showed good agreement with experimental results at a relatively low tip speed ratio (TSR), but only fair agreement at a high TSR. Compared with the other two approaches, 2.5D LES is regarded as a more promising and effective CFD tool for investigating the aerodynamic characteristics of VAWTs, particularly their self-starting features corresponding to very low rotation speeds.
LTE MIMO multiplexing performance measured in reverberation chamber and accurate simple theory

We present measurement results of the data-rate throughput inside a reverberation chamber of a commercial USB dongle operating in 2×2 MIMO spatial multiplexing configuration. A simple and accurate theory is provided by which the measured throughput can be accurately explained. The theory is based on a recently published digital threshold receiver model.
Assumption-Free Estimation of Heritability from Genome-Wide Identity-by-Descent Sharing between Full Siblings

The study of continuously varying, quantitative traits is important in evolutionary biology, agriculture, and medicine. Variation in such traits is attributable to many, possibly interacting, genes whose expression may be sensitive to the environment, which makes their dissection into underlying causative factors difficult. An important population parameter for quantitative traits is heritability, the proportion of total variance that is due to genetic factors. Response to artificial and natural selection and the degree of resemblance between relatives are all a function of this parameter. Following the classic paper by R. A. Fisher in 1918, the estimation of additive and dominance genetic variance and heritability in populations is based upon the expected proportion of genes shared between different types of relatives, and explicit, often controversial and untestable models of genetic and non-genetic causes of family resemblance. With genome-wide coverage of genetic markers it is now possible to estimate such parameters solely within families using the actual degree of identity-by-descent sharing between relatives. Using genome scans on 4,401 quasi-independent sib pairs of which 3,375 pairs had phenotypes, we estimated the heritability of height from empirical genome-wide identity-by-descent sharing, which varied from 0.374 to 0.617 (mean 0.498, standard deviation 0.036). The variance in identity-by-descent sharing per chromosome and per genome was consistent with theory. The maximum likelihood estimate of the heritability for height was 0.80 with no evidence for non-genetic causes of sib resemblance, consistent with results from independent twin and family studies but using an entirely separate source of information. Our application shows that it is feasible to estimate genetic variance solely from within-family segregation and provides an independent validation of previously untestable assumptions. Given sufficient data, our new paradigm will allow the estimation of genetic variation for disease susceptibility and quantitative traits that is free from confounding with non-genetic factors and will allow partitioning of genetic variation into additive and non-additive components.
A framework for visualizing object-oriented systems

This paper describes a new approach to visualizing program systems within the object-oriented paradigm. This approach is based on a TEX-like notation which has been extended and generalized for specifying graphical layout of arbitrary objects. The CLOS meta-level architecture is used to associate visualization and application objects. We propose several useful techniques such as indirect values, slot and method demons, and instance-specific meta-objects. Our techniques require no modifications to the systems which are selected for visualization. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using application domains such as CLOS debugging and constraint systems.
Cooperative Behaviors for the Self-Regulation of Autonomous Vehicles in Space Sharing Conflicts

In real-world multi-agent systems, as in the context of the automatic transportation of goods, autonomous vehicles can face unexpected events like the failure of a vehicle, the presence of obstacles on the road, etc. Such events can generate first local congestions, and then, if they persist, global phenomena and complex traffic congestions (such as traffic jams). We want to manage space sharing conflicts at the local level, when they appear, to allow a quick (real-time) regulation, i.e., without requiring to re-plan the routes of all involved agents. Our approach relies on reactive coordination between vehicles using simple interactions between neighboring agents, using perceptions and little or no communication. We consider in particular a scenario where two queues of vehicles share a single lane, describing the model of the network as well as the agents, and proposing simple coordination rules that only involve the two vehicles at the front of each queue. We then conduct experiments that allow the analysis and the comparison of the proposed self-regulation rules.
Psychophysiological responses to appraisal dimensions in a computer game

A computer game was used to study psychophysiological reactions to emotion‐relevant events. Two dimensions proposed by Scherer (1984a, 1984b) in his appraisal theory, the intrinsic pleasantness and goal conduciveness of game events, were studied in a factorial design. The relative level at which a player performed at the moment of an event was also taken into account. A total of 33 participants played the game while cardiac activity, skin conductance, skin temperature, and muscle activity as well as emotion self‐reports were assessed. The self‐reports indicate that game events altered levels of pride, joy, anger, and surprise. Goal conduciveness had little effect on muscle activity but was associated with significant autonomic effects, including changes to interbeat interval, pulse transit time, skin conductance, and finger temperature. The manipulation of intrinsic pleasantness had little impact on physiological responses. The results show the utility of attempting to manipulate emotion‐constituent appraisals and measure their peripheral physiological signatures.
Web Mining for Understanding Stories through Graph Visualisation

Rich information spaces (like the Web or scientific publications) are full of "stories": sets of statements that evolve over time, manifested as, for example, collections of newspaper articles reporting events relating to an evolving crime investigation, sets of news articles and blog posts accompanying the development of a political election campaign, or sequences of scientific papers on a topic. In this paper, we propose a method and a visualisation tool for mapping and interacting with such stories. In contrast to existing approaches, our method concentrates on relational information and on local patterns rather than on the occurrence of individual concepts and global models. In addition, we present an evaluation framework. A real-life case study is used to illustrate and evaluate the method and tool.
Sequential Sample Consensus: A Robust Algorithm for Video-Based Face Recognition

This paper presents a novel video-based face recognition algorithm by using a sequential sampling and updating scheme, named sequential sample consensus. The proposed algorithm aims at providing a sequential scheme that can be applied to streaming video data. Different from existing approaches, the training video sequences serve as the sample space, and the person's identity in the testing sequence is characterized using an identity probability mass function (PMF) that is sequentially updated. For each testing frame, samples are randomly drawn from the sample space, and the numbers of samples for each identity are determined by the identity PMF. The testing frame is evaluated against the drawn samples to calculate the weights, and the sample weights are used for updating the identity PMF. Benefiting from the sampling procedure, the change in both the numbers and the weights of the samples for each individual leads to quick reaction of the algorithm. The proposed algorithm is robust against misclassification caused by pose variations, and sensitive to identity switching during recognition. The algorithm is evaluated using both public and self-made datasets, and shows better performance than other video-based face recognition approaches.
The Role of Organizational Emotional Memory on Declarative and Procedural Memory and Firm Innovativeness

As a fascinating concept, organizational memory attracts many researchers from a variety of disciplines. Of particular interest are the components of organizational memory, which include declarative memory (i.e., memory for facts, events, or propositions including know-what, know-why, or know-when) and procedural memory (i.e., memory for how things are done or can be done, routines, or procedures). Given the importance of (1) declarative memory that allows people to analyze new problems, generate new interpretations of current information, and use that information in a variety of applications, and (2) procedural memory for guiding and influencing actions of individuals, and facilitating automatic behaviors and skills to speed up task executions in the organizations, it is clear why researchers indicate that these memory contents are critical for innovativeness in the firm. On the other hand, remarkably, there is sparse research in the literature on the emotional aspect of organizational memory (emotional memory) and its effect on firm innovativeness. Emotional memory in general is the storage of past emotional experiences or events in organizations. In this study, we operationalized an organization's emotional memory as a multidimensional construct involving past emotional experience level, dispersion, and storage in organizations. We also identified the past emotional experience vividness or clearance as a moderator factor determining the availability of the emotional memory in organizational memory. By studying 103 firms, and using the partial least squares method, we found that (1) emotional experience storage influences organizational declarative and procedural memory; (2) emotional experience dispersion impacts organizational procedural memory; and (3) emotional experience level affects the organizational declarative and procedural memory to the extent that emotional experience vividness or clearance increases. We also found that emotional experience dispersion has a direct influence on firm innovativeness. Finally, we demonstrated that organizational declarative memory partially mediates the relationship between organizational emotional memory and firm innovativeness, such that emotional experience storage influences innovativeness in the firm via organizational declarative memory. This study concludes with several theoretical and managerial implications.
Exploring the impact of the 2013 Unlocking Potential programme

Twenty disadvantaged young people took part in the 2013 Unlocking Potential programme. The programme teams the young person with an athlete mentor who helps them deliver a social action project. The programme aims to improve the young people’s confidence, develop important life skills and raise their aspirations for the future. This paper explores the impact of the programme on the young people involved via a longitudinal qualitative method. The feedback on the programme was overwhelmingly positive and all the young people interviewed felt that they had gained in confidence, self-belief, motivation and organisational skills as a result of the programme. The young people entered the programme with high aspirations for the future. These aspirations remained unchanged throughout the programme; however, some young people did report that they had greater optimism for the future. Unfortunately, over half of the young people taking part in Unlocking Potential declined from the last round of interviews so it is not known if they had a different experience.
The Schoolwork Engagement Inventory: Energy, dedication, and absorption (EDA).

This study introduces the Schoolwork Engagement Inventory (EDA), which measures energy, dedication, and absorption with respect to schoolwork. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the validity and reliability of the inventory among students attending postcomprehensive schools. A total of 1,530 (769 girls, 761 boys) students from 13 institutions (six upper-secondary and seven vocational schools) completed the EDA 1 year apart. The results showed that a one-factor solution had the most reliability and fitted best among the younger students, whereas a three-factor solution was most reliable and fit best among the older students. In terms of concurrent validity, depressive symptoms and school burnout were inversely related, and self-esteem and academic achievement were positively associated with EDA. Boys and upper-secondary-school students experienced lower levels of schoolwork engagement than girls and vocational-school students.
How the Brain Decides When to Work and When to Rest: Dissociation of Implicit-Reactive from Explicit-Predictive Computational Processes

A pervasive case of cost-benefit problem is how to allocate effort over time, i.e. deciding when to work and when to rest. An economic decision perspective would suggest that duration of effort is determined beforehand, depending on expected costs and benefits. However, the literature on exercise performance emphasizes that decisions are made on the fly, depending on physiological variables. Here, we propose and validate a general model of effort allocation that integrates these two views. In this model, a single variable, termed cost evidence, accumulates during effort and dissipates during rest, triggering effort cessation and resumption when reaching bounds. We assumed that such a basic mechanism could explain implicit adaptation, whereas the latent parameters (slopes and bounds) could be amenable to explicit anticipation. A series of behavioral experiments manipulating effort duration and difficulty was conducted in a total of 121 healthy humans to dissociate implicit-reactive from explicit-predictive computations. Results show 1) that effort and rest durations are adapted on the fly to variations in cost-evidence level, 2) that the cost-evidence fluctuations driving the behavior do not match explicit ratings of exhaustion, and 3) that actual difficulty impacts effort duration whereas expected difficulty impacts rest duration. Taken together, our findings suggest that cost evidence is implicitly monitored online, with an accumulation rate proportional to actual task difficulty. In contrast, cost-evidence bounds and dissipation rate might be adjusted in anticipation, depending on explicit task difficulty.
NMDA Receptors in GABAergic Synapses during Postnatal Development

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric-acid), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, exerts depolarizing (excitatory) actions during development and this GABAergic depolarization cooperates with NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) to drive spontaneous synchronous activity (SSA) that is fundamentally important for developing neuronal networks. Although GABAergic depolarization is known to assist in the activation of NMDARs during development, the subcellular localization of NMDARs relative to GABAergic synapses is still unknown. Here, we investigated the subcellular distribution of NMDARs in association with GABAergic synapses at the developmental stage when SSA is most prominent in mice. Using multiple immunofluorescent labeling and confocal laser-scanning microscopy in the developing mouse hippocampus, we found that NMDARs were associated with both glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses at postnatal day 6–7 and we observed a direct colocalization of GABAA- and NMDA-receptor labeling in GABAergic synapses. Electron microscopy of pre-embedding immunogold-immunoperoxidase reactions confirmed that GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B NMDAR subunits were all expressed in glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses postsynaptically. Finally, quantitative post-embedding immunogold labeling revealed that the density of NMDARs was 3 times higher in glutamatergic than in GABAergic synapses. Since GABAergic synapses were larger, there was little difference in the total number of NMDA receptors in the two types of synapses. In addition, receptor density in synapses was substantially higher than extrasynaptically. These data can provide the neuroanatomical basis of a new interpretation of previous physiological data regarding the GABAAR-NMDAR cooperation during early development. We suggest that during SSA, synaptic GABAAR-mediated depolarization assists NMDAR activation right inside GABAergic synapses and this effective spatial cooperation of receptors and local change of membrane potential will reach developing glutamatergic synapses with a higher probability and efficiency even further away on the dendrites. This additional level of cooperation that operates within the depolarizing GABAergic synapse, may also allow its own modification triggered by Ca2+-influx through the NMDA receptors.
How Zimbabwean AIDS orphans negotiate their personal identities within the fields of home and school in a stigmatising society

This study is based on field data originally collected for a PhD research project in a small district of Zimbabwe. The study attempts to answer the question about how AIDS orphaned children in a selected context in Zimbabwe construct their concept of self as members of their changed and recomposing families, and as members of their school and their community. Acknowledging and working with the real presence of deeply embedded social understanding about AIDS in this community, the article argues that there is a contradiction between the imported discourse about child‐centred pedagogies and educational theories of constructivism in Zimbabwean school settings, on the one hand, and teachers’ tendency to ignore the way in which vulnerable children such as AIDS orphans construct their reality during classroom lessons, on the other hand. In developing a rationale for this type of research, it is suggested that the main significance of this exercise lies in attempting to re‐think the concepts of home and school in the face of HIV and AIDS. Conceptually framed within Bourdieu’s theory of social practice, the research uses the methodology of critical ethnography. It is the general conclusion of the study that religion and ritual play the most significant role in the self‐definitions of the AIDS orphans studied here, and that teachers should consciously recognise this fact when dealing with these children within the school and the classroom.