Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of two most popular packet sniffing tools-Tcpdump and Wireshark

With the ever expanding sphere of Internet and its applications, the scope of Networking, data transfer and data security too have tremendously increased. This has led to sophisticated tools that are though useful in cyber mitigation but are also widely used by cyber criminals to eavesdrop or gain illegal access. This Statement stands true for Network monitoring and Packet Sniffing tools. Though, they were designed to assist the network administrators in better assessing the servers, traffic and diagnosing the issues but they have become the favorite tool of hackers to scan a particular network and sniff on unprotected data. White Hat hackers use these tools to prevent such attacks by criminals as they identify and filter out malicious packets and their source. In this paper, we have thoroughly compared two of the most widely used open source packet sniffing and network monitoring tools-Wireshark and Tcpdump.
The scaling of parasite biomass with host biomass in lake ecosystems: are parasites limited by host resources?

The standing crop biomass of different populations or trophic levels reflects patterns of energy flow through an ecosystem. The contribution of parasites to total biomass is often considered negligible; recent evidence suggests otherwise, although it comes from a narrow range of natural systems. Quantifying how local parasite biomass, whether that of a single species or an assemblage of species sharing the same host, varies across localities with host population biomass, is critical to determine what constrains parasite populations. We use an extensive dataset on all free-living and parasitic metazoan species from multiple sites in New Zealand lakes to measure parasite biomass and test how it covaries with host biomass. In all lakes, trematodes had the highest combined biomass among parasite taxa, ranging from about 0.01 to 0.25 g m−2, surpassing the biomass of minor free-living taxa. Unlike findings from other studies, the life stage contributing the most to total trematode biomass was the metacercarial stage in the second intermediate host, and not sporocysts or rediae within snail first intermediate hosts, possibly due to low prevalence and small snail sizes. For populations of single parasite species, we found no relationship between host and parasite biomass for either juvenile or adult nematodes. In contrast, all life stages of trematodes had local biomasses that correlated positively with those of their hosts. For assemblages of parasite species sharing the same host, we found strong relationships between local host population biomass and the total biomass of parasites supported. In these host–parasite biomass relationships, the scaling factor (slope in log-log space) suggests that parasites may not be making full use of available host resources. Host populations appear capable of supporting a little more parasite biomass, and may be open to expansion of existing parasites or invasion by new ones.
The Ebb and Flow of Filipino First-Time Fatherhood Transition Space

Fatherhood, as a developmental process, is both a human experience and a text that needs to be read. For developing nations like the Philippines, little is known about the process undergone by first-time fathers on their transition to fatherhood, and how nurses can play a significant role in assisting them. This grounded theory study purported to conceptualize the multifaceted process of transition from the lens of Filipino first-time fathers’ lived experiences. A total of 20 first-time fathers from Metro Manila, Philippines, were purposively selected to take part in an individual, semistructured, and in-depth interview. The Glaserian (classical) method of analysis was specifically used, and field texts were inductively analyzed using a repertory grid. Member checking and correspondence were done to validate the findings of the study. Six surfacing stages emerged relative to the process of transition. Interestingly, The B.R. I.D. G.E. Theory of First-Time Fatherhood Transition Space describes how these fathers progress from the beholding, reorganizing, inhibiting, delivering, grasping, and embracing phases toward successful transition. This emerged theoretical model can be used in framing health care programs where the needs of fathers during this period are met and addressed. Finally, it can also be used in guiding nurses in their provision of a more empathetic care for first-time fathers.
Preliminary investigation of using a multi-component phase field model to evaluate microstructure of asphalt binders

Abstract Asphalt mixtures are engineered and designed by treating the mixture as a two-component composite of the binder and mineral aggregate. Typically, asphalt binder is regarded as a homogeneous ‘glue’ that binds the mineral aggregates. However, there is a strong body of evidence in the literature spanning over five decades that indicates that the asphalt binder can be modelled as a colloid with a distinct microstructure. The introduction of advanced microscopic techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy has generated a renewed interest in being able to better understand the relationship between the chemical makeup of the asphalt binder, its microstructure and engineering properties. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary phase field model that was used to model the evolution of microstructure of a mixture comprising four fractions with different polarities, analogous to that of the asphalt binder. This work extends the concepts developed in previous research studies to explain the evolution of damage and self-healing at a micrometre length scale in asphalt binders. Although the model and parameters presented in this paper are not a definitive description of the microstructure evolution in asphalt binders, results show that with additional work on rigorous parameter estimation this methodology can be used as a reasonable approach to better understand the relationship between binder composition and microstructure evolution.
How Your Portrait Impresses People?: Inferring Personality Impressions from Portrait Contents

Whenever looking at a stranger's portrait, besides observable appearance, we always build a personality impression implicitly in our subconscious. It is quite interesting to ask how a portrait impresses people. This paper presents a novel method to infer personality impression from portrait. Firstly, a questionnaire is applied to demonstrate the consistence of people's impression. And then personality-related features are explored through the statistical analysis method. Finally, features are trained using Support Vector Machine. Experimental results demonstrate our method could achieve a precision of 52.14% and a recall of 52.78% on inferring 4 personalities from 2,463 randomly selected portraits of people downloaded from "Google images". Improvements of 44.04% and 37.91% are reported compared to a baseline method. And features contribution analysis deeply unveils the correspondence between portrait contents and personality impressions. Demonstrations with respect to visual patterns in portrait collages of different personalities further prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, we apply our method to analyze portraits of Hillary Clinton and obtain an interesting multifaceted figure of this famous politics, which is another proof of both our concept and method.
Complementary molecular information changes our perception of food web structure

Significance Understanding the interaction structure of ecological assemblages is the basis for understanding how they vary in space and time. To reconstruct interactions in the High Arctic, we draw on three sources of information: two based on DNA sequence data and one on the rearing of parasitoids from their hosts. Overall, we show that a combination of all three techniques will not only provide high resolution for describing feeding associations among individual species, but also revamp our view of the overall structure of the target network. Thus, our findings suggest that combining several types of information will fundamentally change our impression of both how local interaction webs are structured, and how biotic interactions are patterned across the globe. How networks of ecological interactions are structured has a major impact on their functioning. However, accurately resolving both the nodes of the webs and the links between them is fraught with difficulties. We ask whether the new resolution conferred by molecular information changes perceptions of network structure. To probe a network of antagonistic interactions in the High Arctic, we use two complementary sources of molecular data: parasitoid DNA sequenced from the tissues of their hosts and host DNA sequenced from the gut of adult parasitoids. The information added by molecular analysis radically changes the properties of interaction structure. Overall, three times as many interaction types were revealed by combining molecular information from parasitoids and hosts with rearing data, versus rearing data alone. At the species level, our results alter the perceived host specificity of parasitoids, the parasitoid load of host species, and the web-wide role of predators with a cryptic lifestyle. As the northernmost network of host–parasitoid interactions quantified, our data point exerts high leverage on global comparisons of food web structure. However, how we view its structure will depend on what information we use: compared with variation among networks quantified at other sites, the properties of our web vary as much or much more depending on the techniques used to reconstruct it. We thus urge ecologists to combine multiple pieces of evidence in assessing the structure of interaction webs, and suggest that current perceptions of interaction structure may be strongly affected by the methods used to construct them.
A Taxonomy for Management and Optimization of Multiple Resources in Edge Computing

Edge computing is promoted to meet increasing performance needs of data-driven services using computational and storage resources close to the end devices at the edge of the current network. To achieve higher performance in this new paradigm, one has to consider how to combine the efficiency of resource usage at all three layers of architecture: end devices, edge devices, and the cloud. While cloud capacity is elastically extendable, end devices and edge devices are to various degrees resource-constrained. Hence, an efficient resource management is essential to make edge computing a reality. In this work, we first present terminology and architectures to characterize current works within the field of edge computing. Then, we review a wide range of recent articles and categorize relevant aspects in terms of 4 perspectives: resource type, resource management objective, resource location, and resource use. This taxonomy and the ensuing analysis are used to identify some gaps in the existing research. Among several research gaps, we found that research is less prevalent on data, storage, and energy as a resource and less extensive towards the estimation, discovery, and sharing objectives. As for resource types, the most well-studied resources are computation and communication resources. Our analysis shows that resource management at the edge requires a deeper understanding of how methods applied at different levels and geared towards different resource types interact. Specifically, the impact of mobility and collaboration schemes requiring incentives are expected to be different in edge architectures compared to the classic cloud solutions. Finally, we find that fewer works are dedicated to the study of nonfunctional properties or to quantifying the footprint of resource management techniques, including edge-specific means of migrating data and services.
Silent Day Detection in Real-Time Summarization Track

In microblog retrieval, a system’s ability to detect silent days and ”shut up” during these days have an huge impact on its performance [1]. Therefore, in this year’s Real-Time Sum-marization Track, we focus on detecting silent days. More speciﬁcally, we propose two silent day detectors phrase-based weighted information gain and local query term coherence , both of which focus on using query terms collectively instead of individually . Track results suggest that our methods can eﬀectively detect silent days, which subsequently results in promising performances for both scenarios.
The Sockeye Neural Machine Translation Toolkit at AMTA 2018

We describe S OCKEYE , 1 an open-source sequence-to-sequence toolkit for Neural Machine Translation (NMT). S OCKEYE is a production-ready framework for training and applying models as well as an experimental platform for researchers. Written in Python and built on MXN ET , the toolkit offers scalable training and inference for the three most prominent encoder-decoder architectures: attentional recurrent neural networks, self-attentional transformers, and fully convolutional networks. S OCKEYE also supports a wide range of optimizers, normalization and regularization techniques, and inference improvements from current NMT literature. Users can easily run standard training recipes, explore different model settings, and incorporate new ideas. The S OCKEYE toolkit is free software released under the Apache 2.0 license.
Pre‐ischaemic mitochondrial substrate constraint by inhibition of malate‐aspartate shuttle preserves mitochondrial function after ischaemia–reperfusion

Pre‐ischaemic administration of aminooxiacetate (AOA), an inhibitor of the malate‐aspartate shuttle (MAS), provides cardioprotection against ischaemia–reperfusion injury. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We examined whether transient inhibition of the MAS during ischaemia and early reperfusion by AOA treatment could prevent mitochondrial damage at later reperfusion. The AOA treatment preserved mitochondrial respiratory capacity with reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress during late reperfusion to the same extent as ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). However, AOA treatment, but not IPC, reduced the myocardial interstitial concentration of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates at the onset of reperfusion. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that metabolic regulation by inhibition of the MAS at the onset of reperfusion may be beneficial for the preservation of mitochondrial function during late reperfusion in an IR‐injured heart.
LEO: Low Overhead Encryption ORAM for Non-Volatile Memories

Data confidentiality attacks utilizing memory access patterns threaten exposure of data in modern main memories. Oblivious RAM (ORAM) is an effective cryptographic primitive developed to thwart access-pattern-based attacks in DRAM-based systems. However, in emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) systems, the increased writes due to encryption of multiple data blocks on every Path ORAM (state-of-the-art efficient ORAM) access impose significant energy, lifetime, and performance overheads. LEO (<bold><italic><underline>L</underline>ow overhead <underline>E </underline>ncryption <underline>O</underline>RAM</italic></bold>) is an efficient Path ORAM encryption architecture that addresses the high write overheads of ORAM integration in NVMs, while providing security equivalent to the baseline Path ORAM. LEO reduces NVM cell writes by securely decreasing the number of block encryptions during the write phase of a Path ORAM access. LEO uses a secure, two-level counter mode encryption framework that opportunistically eliminates re-encryption of unmodified blocks, reducing NVM writes. Our evaluations show that on average, LEO decreases NVM energy by 60 percent, improves lifetime by 1.51<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\times$</tex-math><alternatives><inline-graphic xlink:href="rakshit-ieq1-2795621.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> , and increases performance by 9 percent over the baseline Path ORAM.
Compact Modeling to Device- and Circuit-Level Evaluation of Flexible TMD Field-Effect Transistors

In this paper, a compact SPICE model of flexible transition metal dichalcogenide field-effect transistors (TMDFETs) is developed with considering effects when scaling the transistor size down to the 10-nm technology node. The model supports different transistor design parameters such as width, length, oxide thickness, and various channel materials, as well as the applied strain, which enables the evaluation of transistor- and circuit-level behavior under process variation and different levels of bending. Extensive device-level simulations are performed using this model, and TMDFETs are compared with different Si- and graphene-based devices. We performed circuit-level simulations, and reported the delay, power, and EDP of the benchmark circuits. Effects from process variation are also evaluated. These cross-technology studies show that TMDFET’s power is comparable to the low-power multigate devices (about 0.4% lower). The delay and EDP are 60% and 2.3% higher than the graphene-based devices, respectively. The developed compact model would enable SPICE-level circuit simulation for early assessment, design, and evaluation of futuristic TMDFET-based flexible circuits targeting advanced technology nodes.
Analysing Developers Affectiveness through Markov chain Models

In this paper, we present an analysis of more than 500K comments from open-source repositories of software systems. Our aim is to empirically determine how developers interact with each other under certain psychological conditions generated by politeness, sentiment and emotion expressed in developers' comments. Developers involved in open-source projects do not usually know each other; they mainly communicate through mailing lists, chat rooms, and tools such as issue tracking systems. The way in which they communicate affects the development process and the productivity of the people involved in the project. We evaluated politeness, sentiment, and emotions of comments posted by developers and studied the communication flow to understand how they interacted in the presence of impolite and negative comments (and vice versa). Our analysis shows that when in presence of impolite or negative comments, the probability of the next comment being impolite or negative is 14% and 25%, respectively; anger, however, has a probability of 40% of being followed by a further anger comment. The result could help managers take control the development phases of a system since social aspects can seriously affect a developer's productivity. In a distributed environment this may have a particular resonance.
Constitutive loss and acute pharmacological manipulation of ErbB4 signaling do not affect attention and inhibitory control in mice

The receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4 and its ligand trophic factors of the neuregulin (NRG) family have been associated with schizophrenia and other mental disorders in human genetic studies. In vivo studies in mice have shown how abnormal Nrg–ErbB4 signaling leads to deviant behaviors relevant to distinct aspects of schizophrenia, including hyperactivity, sensory gating deficits, working and spatial memory deficits and impaired social behavior. However, so far little is known on the role of ErbB4 in attention and inhibitory control, two aspects of executive functions that are impaired in schizophrenia. Here we investigated the effects of constitutive loss of ErbB4 in the central nervous system of mice on performance in a 5‐choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) assessing attention and inhibitory control. In this task, ErbB4−/− mice did not show deficits in various parameters of attention, and premature responses as measure of inhibitory control. Nonetheless, ErbB4−/− mice recapitulated a specific set of behavioral phenotypes associated with schizophrenia, including a deficit in spatial learning and memory in the Barnes Maze and in contextual fear learning, and a trend for a deficit in sensorimotor gating. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of acute pharmacological inhibition of ErbB tyrosine kinase receptor using the pan‐ErbB kinase inhibitor JNJ‐28871063 (JNJ), in an automated version of the 5CSRTT. JNJ did not affect attention and inhibitory control. In conclusion, our data suggest no direct involvement of a classical Nrg‐ErbB4 pathway in attention and inhibitory control in mice, while it confirms the involvement of this pathway in other domains relevant to schizophrenia.
The Effect of Time of Day of Chronic Exercise on Neural Response to Visual Food Cues

The Effect of Time of Day of Chronic Exercise on Neural Response to Visual Food Cues Jessica Taylor Davies Department of Exercise Sciences, BYU Master of Science This study examined the effect of an 8-week, progressive exercise intervention on neural responses, specifically N2 amplitude as a measure of inhibitory control, to pictures of food. Healthy women ages 18-44 years were randomized to a morning (AM) exercise group or evening (PM) exercise group. The AM group did moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise on 4 days per week between 6:30 and 9:30 a.m. while the PM group had the identical volume of exercise between 6:30 and 9:30 p.m. Neural responses, eating behaviors, cardiovascular fitness outcomes, and body weight/composition were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. The N2 amplitude in response to pictures of highand low-calorie foods was assessed using electroencephalography during a go/no-go task. Dietary restraint, emotional eating, and external eating were assessed using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. VO2peak, HRmax, and time to completion were measured during a maximal treadmill test. Body weight was measured on a digital scale, and body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. There was not a significant task (go, no-go) × group (AM, PM) × period (baseline, 8 weeks) interaction (F = 0.18; p = 0.677), but there was a main effect of exercise over 8 weeks (F = 6.26; p = 0.017) with increased N2 amplitude following the intervention. There was not a significant interaction as a function of picture type (high-calorie, low-calorie), task, group, and period (F = 0.52; p = 0.478). Changes in body weight and neural outcomes were not significantly associated with changes in eating behaviors for either group (ps > 0.05). There was a significant group × period interaction for body weight (F = 4.90; p = 0.032). Body weight increased by 0.79 ± 1.16 kg in the AM group and decreased by 0.21 ± 1.46 kg in the PM group (effect size = 0.77; CI = 0.15-1.35). There was not a significant group × period interaction for body fat percentage, total body fat or fat-free mass (ps > 0.05). When examining the main effect of exercise on cardiovascular fitness outcomes, VO2peak was not different (F = 1.80; p = 0.187), time-tocompletion on treadmill increased (F = 6.51; p = 0.014), and HRmax during the treadmill test was significantly lower (F = 5.49; p = 0.025). This study suggests that 8 weeks of exercise training may increase the inhibitory response to pictures of both highand low-calorie foods. However, time of day of exercise did not influence this response. Eight weeks of exercise training did not change self-reported dietary restraint, external eating, or emotional eating, and there was no correlation between these eating behaviors and inhibitory control. However, evening exercise was more beneficial for body weight than morning exercise. Given the novelty of this study and its results, additional studies on the influence of time of day of exercise on weight management are needed.