Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phonological Behavior in Toddlers With Slow Expressive Language Development

Toddlers with slow expressive language development were compared to normally speaking age-mates on three global measures of phonological behavior: the average level of complexity of their syllable structures, the number of different consonant phonemes produced, and the percentage of consonants correctly produced in intelligible utterances. The groups were found to differ significantly on all three variables. Further analyses were done, breaking the groups down into narrower age ranges. These comparisons also revealed differences between late-talking and normal youngsters. Detailed analyses of the range of phonemes and syllable structures produced, as well as the appearance of phoneme classes within syllable structures and positions, revealed that late talkers showed a delayed rather than a deviant pattern of phonological development. The implications of these findings for identifying and monitoring expressive delay in toddlers are discussed. It is known that older preschoolers with language delays are at a very substantial risk for long-term language, But little is known about the prognosis for toddlers with slow acquisition of expressive language. Normative data for expressive language growth have been well established in the literature, and a variety of sources have reported average vocabulary size of substantially more than 50 words and the use of some two-word combinations at 18-24 months reported average expressive vocabulary sizes of 110 words at 18 months and 312 words at 24 months in normal toddlers. Rescorla (1989) showed that 10-14% of middle class children sampled with the Language Development Survey failed to produce 50 different words or combine words in two-word utterances by their second birthday. What is not known is what proportion of these "late talkers" will go on to show chronic deficits in language and related skills, and which will grow out of the delay as normal "late bloomers. " The present study examined phonological behavior in toddlers with slow expressive language development (SELD), that is, those in that lower 15% of the normal distribution who did not produce 50 words or did not combine words by 18-24 months. Stoel-Gammon (1991) has shown that there is a strong correlation between number of consonants in phonetic inventories and vocabulary size in normal 2-year-olds. Thus there is reason to suspect that toddlers with abnormally small vocabularies would show phonological differences from their normally speaking peers. Stoel-Gammon (1987) argued that isolated word-naming tests are not appropriate tools for evaluating phonological performance in children under 3 and suggested that conversational interactions are more valid …
Classifying internet applications on early stage in 3G environment

Application identification plays a crucial role in network management. Among many different approaches introduced in the field, Bernaille et al. [1] introduces connection based clustering to identify applications. In this paper, first four packet sizes with directions are used as a feature set to cluster different applications in wireless environment, which is acclaimed to cluster with 93.7% of accuracy in [1]. However, our experiments not only show that it has low identification accuracy (89.3%), but also show clustering is not suitable for identification of wireless applications.
IEEE 802.16 Wireless Mesh Networks Capacity Estimation Using Collision Domains

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) are considered an attractive alternative to the traditional wired backbone networks for broadband Internet access. However, their capacity is limited due to the nature of the radio channel, which must be shared by the nodes forwarding the traffic from and to the gateway. Therefore, estimating the capacity of WMNs is an important question. The capacity analysis proposed for ad hoc networks can not be directly applied to WMN due to some fundamental differences, e.g. a different traffic pattern and node density. The main contribution of this work is the application of collision domains concept to the 802.16 based WMNs. We consider a simple chain topology but the method can be extended to any arbitrary topology and the real world impairments (interference, fading, etc.) can be easily incorporated in the analysis. The presented results may have important implications for 802.16 mesh networks planning.
High-order fractal states in graphene superlattices

Significance Electronic spectra of crystals in ultrahigh magnetic fields are expected to be fractal as symbolized by the theoretical plots called Hofstadter butterflies. Despite decades-long interest, their origin is often misconstrued. In fact, the fractal spectra can be understood as recurrence of delocalized Bloch states that appear each time the magnetic length becomes commensurate with the lattice periodicity. In this case, new quasiparticles emerge, moving through the crystal as if no magnetic field is applied. Their Landau quantization in noncommensurate fields generates the whole intricacy of Hofstadter spectra. Here, we study electron transport in graphene superlattices and report numerous self-similar features in their conductivity. This is a direct observation of the complete fractal pattern that underpins Hofstadter butterflies. Graphene superlattices were shown to exhibit high-temperature quantum oscillations due to periodic emergence of delocalized Bloch states in high magnetic fields such that unit fractions of the flux quantum pierce a superlattice unit cell. Under these conditions, semiclassical electron trajectories become straight again, similar to the case of zero magnetic field. Here, we report magnetotransport measurements that reveal second-, third-, and fourth-order magnetic Bloch states at high electron densities and temperatures above 100 K. The recurrence of these states creates a fractal pattern intimately related to the origin of Hofstadter butterflies. The hierarchy of the fractal states is determined by the width of magnetic minibands, in qualitative agreement with our band-structure calculations.
Marching cubes: surface complexity measure

In this work we give an approach to analyze a surface topology complexity inside a cube in the Marching Cube (MC) algorithm. The number of the isosurface intersections with the cube diagonals is used as the complexity criterion. In the case of the trilinear interpolation we have the cubic equation on the each cube diagonal and there is a possibility to find the coordinates of the three intersections with the diagonal of the approximated surface. In the presented work a common technique for choosing the right subcase form the extended lookup table by using a surface complexity criterion is proposed.
Confocal laser endomicroscopic and magnifying narrow-band imaging findings of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

The endoscopic findings of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma are variable, making its diagnosis very difficult. We previously reported the usefulness of magnifying narrowband imaging (NBI) for the diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma [1–3]. Here, we report our experience with the confocal laser endomicroscopic (CLE) imaging of gastric MALT lymphoma and the corresponding histopathological imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first such report in the world. The patient was a 71-year-old woman. Screening upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed at our hospital revealed a shallow, brownish, depressed lesion approximately 10mm in diameter in the lesser curvature of the middle part of the gastric body (●" Fig.1a). When thedepressed lesion was observed with magnifying endoscopy and NBI, it tended to lack glandular structures compared with the surrounding mucosa, and abnormal blood vessels branching in a treelike pattern, whichwe have previously reported [1–3], were observed at the same site (●" Fig.1b). Subsequently, fluorescein-aided probebased confocal laser endoscopy (pCLE) was performed with the GastroFlex UHD miniprobe (Cellvizio; Mauna Kea Technologies, Paris, France) [4]. First, pCLE images of the normal mucosa around the lesion were obtained to serve as a control; these showed regular round or oval crypts with homogeneous epithelial cells (●" Fig.2a). Then, pCLE was used to observe the lesion; this showed an absence of glandular structures and small, dark cells in a dense arrangement (●" Fig.2b). Biopsy specimens of the lesion site exhibited a subepithelial nodular proliferation of small to medium-size centrocyte-like cells (●" Fig.3a), which were immunohistochemically positive for CD20 and Bcl-2 and negative for CD3, CD10, cyclin D1, and Bcl-6 (●" Fig.3b). Lymphoepithelial lesions were also observed (●" Fig.3a), resulting in a pathological diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma. The size of the tumor cells on the histological sections was consistent with the size of the dark cells on pCLE imaging. Based on the results of positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) and bonemarrow findings, stage II gastric MALT lymphomawas diagnosed.
A Psychoacoustic Noise Reduction Method by Auditory Inhibition

An auditory-motivated noise reduction methodology is proposed based on the inhibitory property of the human auditory system. The proposed psychoacoustic spectral subtraction method utilizes non-linearly and spatially distributed inhibitory weights which are determined based on the critical bands of the auditory system. Moreover, the weights are adjusted based on the segmental a posteriori SNR, such that higher inhibition is applied to the more noisy segments. Spurious noise perturbation in the vicinity of the dominant peaks are suppressed by the inhibitory spectral subtraction which improves speech degraded by additive and musical noise. The performance of the proposed psychoacoustic noise suppression method was evaluated by two perceptual test measures, PESQ and PEMO-Q using TIMIT utterances in clean and noise conditions, and shown to achieve better PESQ scores over the spectral subtraction method. It is further shown that by combining the proposed inhibitory weighting technique with the spectral subtraction method, higher performance benchmark in both PESQ and PEMO- Q may be obtained.
Biochemical analysis of connexin43 intracellular transport, phosphorylation, and assembly into gap junctional plaques

We previously demonstrated that the gap junction protein connexin43 is translated as a 42-kD protein (connexin43-NP) that is efficiently phosphorylated to a 46,000-Mr species (connexin43-P2) in gap junctional communication-competent, but not in communication-deficient, cells. In this study, we used a combination of metabolic radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation to investigate the assembly of connexin43 into gap junctions and the relationship of this event to phosphorylation of connexin43. Examination of the detergent solubility of connexin43 in communication-competent NRK cells revealed that processing of connexin43 to the P2 form was accompanied by acquisition of resistance to solubilization in 1% Triton X-100. Immunohistochemical localization of connexin43 in Triton-extracted NRK cells demonstrated that connexin43-P2 (Triton-insoluble) was concentrated in gap junctional plaques, whereas connexin43-NP (Triton-soluble) was predominantly intracellular. Using either a 20 degrees C intracellular transport block or cell-surface protein biotinylation, we determined that connexin43 was transported to the plasma membrane in the Triton-soluble connexin43-NP form. Cell-surface biotinylated connexin43-NP was processed to Triton-insoluble connexin43-P2 at 37 degrees C. Connexin43- NP was also transported to the plasma membrane in communication defective, gap junction-deficient S180 and L929 cells but was not processed to Triton-insoluble connexin43-P2. Taken together, these results demonstrate that gap junction assembly is regulated after arrival of connexin43 at the plasma membrane and is temporally associated with acquisition of insolubility in Triton X-100 and phosphorylation to the connexin43-P2 form.
Performance and Pitfalls of 60 GHz WLANs Based on Consumer-Grade Hardware

Wireless networks operating in the 60 GHz band have the potential to provide very high throughput but face a number of challenges (e.g., high attenuation, beam training, and coping with mobility) which are widely accepted but often not well understood in practice. Understanding these challenges, and especially their actual impact on consumer-grade hardware is fundamental to fully exploit the high physical layer rates in the 60 GHz band. To this end, we perform an extensive measurement campaign using two commercial off-the-shelf 60 GHz routers in real-world environments. Our results allow us to revisit a range of issues and provide much deeper insights into the reasons for specific performance compared to prior work on performance characterization. Further, our study goes beyond basic link characterization and explores for the first time practical considerations such as coverage and access point deployment. While some of our observations are expected, we also obtain highly surprising insights that challenge the prevailing wisdom in the community. We derive the shortcomings of current commercial 60 GHz devices, and the fundamental problems that remain open on the way to fast and efficient 60 GHz networking.
A new class of optimal biorthogonal subband coder

In this letter, we introduce a novel two-channel biorthogonal subband coder. The new coder employs the ladder structure (or so-called wavelet with lifting scheme). The coding gain of the biorthogonal coder is always greater than or equal to unity, and it can be expressed in closed form. Moreover the proposed coder has a very low complexity and the perfect reconstruction property is structurally preserved. Given any filter order, the optimal solution can be found by the well-known Levinson fast algorithm. For both AR(1) process and MA(1) process, the proposed biorthogonal coder with 2 taps has a higher coding than the optimal orthonormal coder with infinite number of taps.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering a Hierarchical Approach for the Resource Management of Very Large Cloud Platforms

Worldwide interest in the delivery of computing and storage capacity as a service continues to grow at a rapid pace. The complexities of such cloud computing centers require advanced resource management solutions that are capable of dynamically adapting the cloud platform while providing continuous service and performance guarantees. The goal of this paper is to devise resource allocation policies for virtualized cloud environments that satisfy performance and availability guarantees and minimize energy costs in very large cloud service centers. We present a scalable distributed hierarchical framework based on a mixed-integer non-linear optimization of resource management acting at multiple timescales. Extensive experiments across a wide variety of configurations demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach.
The AUTOPACK Project - Algorithms for Container Loading

The container loading problem consists of packing boxes of various sizes into available containers in a way which optimizes some objective function. The container loading is the core of many problems which arise in distribution and logistics. As the amount of distributed goods grows and with it the need for automation of distribution processes, also the need for computational models and methods for effective container loading increases. In this paper we consider the single container loading problem in which the number of boxes to be packed and the order of packing are known in advance. We give a description of different formulations of the problem as well as an introductory study of methods for its solution. The formulation of the problem also includes aspects often ignored in research literature like rotation of boxes, stability of packing etc. We also give directions for further development to make solution methods applicable in real life.
An Attempt to Memorize Strong Passwords while Playing Games

There could be two approaches for combining security with entertainment, (i) an entertainment factor is embedded in security technology and (ii) a security factor is embedded in entertainment technology. Since all previous studies were focused on approach (i), we examined approach (ii). As the first attempt, this paper tried to embed a password enhancement factor into games. We designed a password enhancement scheme which enables users to naturally memorize strong passwords while playing games. We also discuss the effectiveness of our scheme.
DarkCache

The Last Level Cache (LLC) is a key element to improve application performance in multi-cores. To handle the worst case, the main design trend employs tiled architectures with a large LLC organized in banks, which goes underutilized in several realistic scenarios. Our proposal, named DarkCache, aims at properly powering off such unused banks to optimize the Energy-Delay Product (EDP) through an adaptive cache reconfiguration, thus aggressively reducing the leakage energy. The implemented solution is general and it can recognize and skip the activation of the DarkCache policy for the few strong memory intensive applications that actually require the use of the entire LLC. The validation has been carried out on 16- and 64-core architectures also accounting for two state-of-the-art methodologies. Compared to the baseline solution, DarkCache exhibits a performance overhead within 2% and an average EDP improvement of 32.58% and 36.41% considering 16 and 64 cores, respectively. Moreover, DarkCache shows an average EDP gain between 16.15% (16 cores) and 21.05% (64 cores) compared to the best state-of-the-art we evaluated, and it confirms a good scalability since the gain improves with the size of the architecture.
Single-Genotype Syntrophy by Rhodopseudomonas palustris Is Not a Strategy to Aid Redox Balance during Anaerobic Degradation of Lignin Monomers

Rhodopseudomonas palustris has emerged as a model microbe for the anaerobic metabolism of p-coumarate, which is an aromatic compound and a primary component of lignin. However, under anaerobic conditions, R. palustris must actively eliminate excess reducing equivalents through a number of known strategies (e.g., CO2 fixation, H2 evolution) to avoid lethal redox imbalance. Others had hypothesized that to ease the burden of this redox imbalance, a clonal population of R. palustris could functionally differentiate into a pseudo-consortium. Within this pseudo-consortium, one sub-population would perform the aromatic moiety degradation into acetate, while the other sub-population would oxidize acetate, resulting in a single-genotype syntrophy through acetate sharing. Here, the objective was to test this hypothesis by utilizing microbial electrochemistry as a research tool with the extracellular-electron-transferring bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens as a reporter strain replacing the hypothesized acetate-oxidizing sub-population. We used a 2 × 4 experimental design with pure cultures of R. palustris in serum bottles and co-cultures of R. palustris and G. sulfurreducens in bioelectrochemical systems. This experimental design included growth medium with and without bicarbonate to induce non-lethal and lethal redox imbalance conditions, respectively, in R. palustris. Finally, the design also included a mutant strain (NifA*) of R. palustris, which constitutively produces H2, to serve both as a positive control for metabolite secretion (H2) to G. sulfurreducens, and as a non-lethal redox control for without bicarbonate conditions. Our results demonstrate that acetate sharing between different sub-populations of R. palustris does not occur while degrading p-coumarate under either non-lethal or lethal redox imbalance conditions. This work highlights the strength of microbial electrochemistry as a tool for studying microbial syntrophy.
Brain MRI super-resolution using 3D generative adversarial networks

In this work we propose an adversarial learning approach to generate high resolution MRI scans from low resolution images. The architecture, based on the SRGAN model, adopts 3D convolutions to exploit volumetric information. For the discriminator, the adversarial loss uses least squares in order to stabilize the training. For the generator, the loss function is a combination of a least squares adversarial loss and a content term based on mean square error and image gradients in order to improve the quality of the generated images. We explore different solutions for the upsampling phase. We present promising results that improve classical interpolation, showing the potential of the approach for 3D medical imaging super-resolution. Source code available at this https URL
Socioeconomic Correlates of Eating Disorder Symptoms in an Australian Population-Based Sample

Background Recent research has challenged the stereotype that eating disorders are largely limited to young, White, upper-class females. This study investigated the association between indicators of socioeconomic status and eating disorder features. Methods and Findings Data were merged from cross-sectional general population surveys of adults in South Australia in 2008 (n = 3034) and 2009 (n = 3007) to give a total sample of 6041 participants. Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to test associations between indicators of socioeconomic status (household income, educational level, employment status, indigenous status and urbanicity) and current eating disorder features (objective binge eating, subjective binge eating, purging, strict dieting and overvaluation of weight/shape). Eating disorder features occurred at similar rates across all levels of income, education, indigenous status, and urbanicity (p > 0.05). However, compared to working full-time, not working due to disability was associated with an increased risk of objective binge eating (odds ratio (OR) = 2.30, p < 0.01) and purging (OR = 4.13, p < 0.05), engagement in home-duties with an increased risk of overvaluation of weight/shape (OR = 1.39, p < 0.05), and unemployment with an increased risk of objective binge eating (OR = 2.02, p < 0.05) and subjective binge eating (OR = 2.80, p < 0.05). Furthermore, participants with a trade or certificate qualification were at a significantly increased risk of reporting strict dieting compared to participants without a tertiary qualification (OR = 1.58, p <0.01). Limitations included the small numbers of indigenous participants (n = 115) and participants who reported purging (n = 54), exclusion of excessive exercise (which is associated with eating disorders, particularly in males), and the conduct of interviews by laypersons. Conclusions Overall, symptoms of eating disorders are distributed equally across levels of socioeconomic status. This study highlights the need for universal access to specialised services, to train healthcare workers in the detection and diagnosis of eating disorders in diverse subgroups, and to combat barriers to help-seeking experienced by people who do not conform to the demographic stereotype of an eating disorder. The increased prevalence of various eating disorder features in those who are not working could be addressed by providing support to help sufferers join the workforce, or engage in meaningful social or community activities to improve resilience against the development of eating disorders.