Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study of Keyhole Porosity in Selective Laser Melting: Single-Track Scanning With Micro-CT Analysis

Porosity is an inherent attribute in selective laser melting (SLM) and profoundly degrades the build part quality and its performance. This study attempts to understand and characterize the keyhole pores formed during single-track scanning in SLM. First, 24 single tracks were generated using different line energy density (LED) levels, ranging from 0.1 J/mm to 0.98 J/mm, by varying the laser power and the scanning speed. The samples were then scanned by micro-computed tomography to measure keyhole pores and analyze the pore characteristics. The results show a general trend that the severity of the keyhole porosity increases with the increase of the LED with exceptions of certain patterns, implying important individual contributions from the parameters. Next, by keeping the LED constant in another set of experiments, different combinations of the power and the speed were tested to investigate the individual effect. Based on the results obtained, the laser power appears to have a greater effect than the scanning speed on both the pore number and the pore volume as well as the pore depth. For the same LED, the pore number and volume increase with increasing laser power until a certain critical level, beyond which, both the pore number and volume will decrease, if the power is further increased. For the LED of 0.32 J/mm, 0.4 J/mm, and 0.48 J/mm, the critical laser power that reverses the trend is about 132 W, 140 W, and 144 W, respectively.
Comparing Type 2 Diabetes , Prediabetes , and Their Associated Risk Factors in Asian Indians in India and in the U . S . : The CARRS and MASALA Studies

We performed cross-sectional analyses, using representative samples of 2,305 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in Chennai, India, from the Centre for cArdiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia study (CARRS) (2010–2011), and 757 Asian Indians aged 40–84 years living in the greater San Francisco and Chicago areas from the U.S. Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study (2010–2013). Diabetes was defined as self-reported use of glucose-lowering medication, fasting glucose ‡126 mg/dL, or 2-h glucose ‡200 mg/dL. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose 100–125 mg/dL and/or 2-h glucose 140–199 mg/dL.
A low-power VLSI architecture for face verification using elastic graph matching

This paper introduces a novel low-power VLSI architecture dedicated to algorithms based on elastic graph matching. The targeted application is face verification for low-power mobile devices (e.g. mobile phones, personal digital assistants, wearable computing devices). A description of the overall verification system is provided jointly to a detailed discussion of the full-custom graph matching coprocessor.
Towards a Better Semantic Role Labeling of Complex Predicates

We propose a way to automatically improve the annotation of verbal complex predicates in PropBank which until now has been treating language mostly in a compositional manner. In order to minimize the manual re-annotation effort, we build on the recently introduced concept of aliasing complex predicates to existing PropBank rolesets which encompass the same meaning and argument structure. We suggest to find aliases automatically by applying a multilingual distributional model that uses the translations of simple and complex predicates as features. Furthermore, we set up an annotation effort to obtain a frequency balanced, realistic test set for this task. Our method reaches an accuracy of 44% on this test set and 72% for the more frequent test items in a lenient evaluation, which is not far from the upper bounds from human annotation.
Performance of opportunistic scheduling schemes for MIMO-OFDM wireless LANs

In this paper, we propose and investigate scheduling algorithms for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on <i>orthogonal</i> <i>frequency</i> <i>division</i> <i>multiplexing</i> (OFDM). We propose two new scheduling approaches which combines the channel states with queue states. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes outperform well known schemes such as <i>proportional</i> <i>fair</i> (PF) and <i>shortest</i> <i>remaining</i> <i>processing</i> <i>time</i> (SRPT) in terms of throughput and fairness.
A model for the differentiation between grid and conjunctive units in medial entorhinal cortex

The multiple layers of medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) contain cells that differ in selectivity, connectivity, and cellular properties. Grid cells in layer II and in the deeper layers express triangular grid patterns in the environment. The firing rate of the conjunctive cells found in layer III and below, on the other hand, show grid‐by‐head direction tuning. In this study, we model the differentiation between grid and conjunctive cells in a network with self‐organized connections. Arranged into distinct “layers”, the model grid units and conjunctive units develop, with a similar time course, grid fields resulting from firing rate adaptation and competitive learning. Grid alignment in both layers is delayed with respect to the formation of triangular grids. A common grid orientation among conjunctive units is produced, in the model, by head‐direction modulated collateral interactions, while the grids of grid units inherit the same orientation through connections from conjunctive units. Grid units as well as conjunctive units share a similar spacing but show a random distribution of spatial phases. Grid units however carry more spatial information than conjunctive units, thus providing better inputs for the hippocampus to form spatial memories. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Description Logic Abox Update Problem Revisited , 1982 in Jakarta

A description logic ABox is one of the tools to represent a snapshot of a world. Since a world is dynamic, we need a mechanism to update it and also its snapshot. Updates in general can be any kind of information about the change of the world. But here, we consider only the basic updates, i.e., the updates are described using only simple ABoxes. There have been several known results concerning this kind of updates. One of the results is that the existence of nominals and @-constructor is needed to express the updated ABox. More precisely, the simplest DL that is propositionally closed that is able to express the updated ABox is ALCO. We try to recover the existence of ABox updates in fragments of ALCO that still are propositionally closed, by weakening the definition of ABox updates from semantic updates to syntactic updates. It turns out that this weakening is not enough to recover the existence of ABox updates in these DLs. We then try again to weaken the definition of ABox updates from syntactic updates to extended syntactic updates. With this weakening, we recover the existence of ABox updates in ALCO. Unfortunately, this is not the case for ALC. If we only allow ALC ABoxes as the result of updates, then this second weakening is still not enough to recover the existence of ABox updates in ALC. We recover the existence of extended syntactic ABox updates in ALC by allowing KB, i.e., a pair of TBox and ABox, as the result of the update.
A framework for typed HOAS and semantics

We investigate a framework for representing and reasoning about syntactic and semantic aspects of typed languages with variable binders.First, we introduce typed binding signatures and develop a theory of typed abstract syntax with binders. Each signature is associated to a category of "presentation" models, where the language of the typed signature is the initial model.At the semantic level, types can be given also a computational meaning in a (possibly different) semantic category. We observe that in general, semantic aspects of terms and variables can be reflected in the presentation category by means of an adjunction. Therefore, the category of presentation models is expressive enough to represent both the syntactic and the semantic aspects of languages.We introduce then a metalogical system, inspired by the internal languages of the presentation category, which can be used for reasoning on both the syntax and the semantics of languages. This system is composed by a core equational logic tailored for reasoning on the syntactic aspects; when a specific semantics is chosen, the system can be modularly extended with further "semantic" notions, as needed.
Methods for privacy protection using k-anonymity

Large amount of data is produced in electronic form by various governmental and non governmental organizations. This data also has information related to specific individual. Information related to specific individual needs to be protected, so that it may not harm the privacy. Moreover sensitive information related to organization also needs to be protected. Data is released from various organizations as it is demanded by researchers and data mining companies to develop newer and better methods for finding patterns and trends. Any organization who wished to release data has two goals, one is to release the data as close as possible to the original form and second to protect the privacy of individuals and sensitive information from being released. K-anonymity has been used as successful technique in this regard. This method provides a guarantee that released data is at least k-anonymous. Various methods have been suggested to achieve k-anonymity for the given dataset. I categories these methods into four main domains based on the principle these are based and methods they are applying to achieve k-anonymous data. These methods have their respective advantages and disadvantages relating to loss of information, feasibility in real world and suitability to the number of tuples in the dataset.
Learning mixed behaviours with parallel Q-learning

This paper presents a reinforcement learning algorithm based on a parallel approach of the Watkins's Q-learning. This algorithm is used to control a two axis micro-manipulator system. The aim is to learn complex behaviour such as reaching target positions and avoiding obstacles at the same time. The simulations and the tests with the real manipulator show that this algorithm is able to learn simultaneously opposite behaviours and that it generates interesting action policies with regard to global path optimization.
Risk assessment in internal auditing: a neural network approach

Risk assessment is a systematic process for integrating professional judgments about relevant risk factors, their relative significance and probable adverse conditions and/or events leading to identification of auditable activities (IIA, 1995, SIAS No. 9). Internal auditors utilize risk measures to allocate critical audit resources to compliance, operational, or financial activities within the organization (Colbert, 1995). In information rich environments, risk assessment involves recognizing patterns in the data, such as complex data anomalies and discrepancies, that perhaps conceal one or more error or hazard conditions (e.g. Coakley and Brown, 1996; Bedard and Biggs, 1991; Libby, 1985). This research investigates whether neural networks can help enhance auditors’ risk assessments. Neural networks, an emerging artificial intelligence technology, are a powerful non-linear optimization and pattern recognition tool (Haykin, 1994; Bishop, 1995). Several successful, real-world business neural network application decision aids have already been built (Burger and Traver, 1996). Neural network modeling may prove invaluable in directing internal auditor attention to those aspects of financial, operating, and compliance data most informative of high-risk audit areas, thus enhancing audit efficiency and effectiveness. This paper defines risk in an internal auditing context, describes contemporary approaches to performing risk assessments, provides an overview of the backpropagation neural network architecture, outlines the methodology adopted for conducting this research project including a Delphi study and comparison with statistical approaches, and presents preliminary results, which indicate that internal auditors could benefit from using neural network technology for assessing risk. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Migration of Couples

We present a theory on migration of dual-earner couples, and test it in the context of international migration. Our model predicts that the probability that a couple emigrates increases in the earnings of the primary earner. The effect of the earnings of the secondary earner may go either way. The empirical results for dual earner couples are in line with the theory. Primary earners in couples are more strongly self-selected with respect to their income than singles, a novel result that runs against the intuition that family ties weaken self-selection. Secondary earners in couples are more weakly self-selected than singles.
A PDE-based Approach to Nondominated Sorting

Nondominated sorting is a fundamental combinatorial problem in multiobjective optimization and is equivalent to the longest chain problem in combinatorics and random growth models for crystals in materials science. In a previous work [SIAM J. Math. Anal. , 46 (2014), pp. 603--638], we showed that nondominated sorting has a continuum limit that corresponds to solving a Hamilton--Jacobi equation. In this work we present and analyze a fast numerical scheme for this Hamilton--Jacobi equation and show how it can be used to design a fast algorithm for approximate nondominated sorting.
Kentuckian Middle School Students' Self-Efficacy and Their Participation in Physical Sports: A Correlation Study

Self-efficacy is well known as one of the most effective methods to raise student academic achievement (Hattie, 2007). Known as the “I think I can” phenomenon, extensive research is presented concerning the impact of self-efficacy as the predictor to achievement. Likewise, participation in physical sports is known for its impact on academic achievement, as well as social and emotional health. The purpose of this correlational study was to determine the presence of a statistically significant relationship between the level of participation in physical sports activities and the middle school students’ self-efficacy. A convenience sample of 69 seventh and eighth grade students from three middle schools in Kentucky participated in the study through an email survey containing both survey instruments. The four null hypotheses were tested through Pearson correlations to describe the direction and strength of the relationship between the self-reported participation in sports using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children, and self-reported levels of self-efficacy, as measured with Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children. The research supported the importance of students being given a variety of opportunities to participate in physical sports activities as a method to build academic, social, and emotional efficacy. Additional research would be useful exploring how the predictive value of participation in physical sports is affected by ethnicity and socio-economic status.
Variation in kinematic and spatiotemporal gait parameters by Gross Motor Function Classification System level in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effectiveness of upper limb rehabilitation, sound measures of upper limb function, capacity, and performance are paramount. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review investigates reliability and responsiveness of upper limb measurement tools used in pediatric neurorehabilitation. METHODS: A 2-tiered search was conducted up to July 2014. The first search identified upper limb motor assessments for 1-to 18-year-old children with neuromotor disorders. The second search examined the psychometric properties of the tools. Methodological quality was rated according to COSMIN guidelines, and results for each tool were assembled in a "best evidence synthesis. " Furthermore, we delineated whether tools were unimanual or bimanual tests and if they measured recovery or did not distinguish between physiological and compensatory movements. RESULTS: The first search delivered 2546 hits. Of these, 110 articles on 51 upper limb assessment tools were included. The second search resulted in 58 studies on reliability, 11 on measurement error, and 10 on responsiveness. Best evidence synthesis revealed only 2 assessments with moderate positive evidence for reliability, whereas no evidence on measurement error and responsiveness was found. The Melbourne Assessment showed moderate positive evidence for interrater and a fair positive level of evidence for intrarater reliability. The Pediatric Motor Activity Log Revised revealed moderate positive evidence for test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS: There is a lack of high-quality studies about psychometric properties of upper limb measurement tools in children with neuromotor disorders. To date, upper limb rehabilitation trials in children and adolescents risk being biased by insensitive measurement tools lacking reliability. Treatment of os odontoideum in a patient with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Severe atlantoaxial instability due to os odontoideum in a patient with spastic cerebral palsy has not been well Monday 4 May 2015 2 described. There is no consensus on treatment, particularly with regard to conservative or surgical options. Our patient was a 9-year-old girl with spastic cerebral palsy and unstable os odontoideum as an incidental finding. During the waiting period for elective surgical treatment, the patient developed respiratory compromise. Surgery was performed to reduce the subluxation and for C1-C2 arthrodesis and the girl regained baseline respiratory function. A CT scan was obtained 1year after the initial surgery and revealed adequate maintenance of reduction and patency of the spinal canal. This patient highlights the fact that unstable os odontoideum can cause mortality due to respiratory distress in patients with spastic cerebral palsy. This is an important factor in deciding treatment options for …
Summarization Using Dynamic Content

Summarizing web pages have recently gained much attention from researchers. Until now two main types of approaches have been proposed for this task: contentand context-based methods. Both of them assume fixed content and characteristics of web documents without considering their dynamic nature. However the volatility of information published on the Internet argue for the implementation of more time-aware techniques. This paper proposes a new approach towards automatic web page description, which extends the concept of a web page by the temporal dimension. Our method provides a broader view on web document summarization and can complement the existing techniques.
Upper Limits on Periodic, Pulsed Radio Emission from the X-Ray Point Source in Cassiopeia A

The Chandra X-Ray Observatory recently discovered an X-ray point source near the center of Cassiopeia A, the youngest known Galactic supernova remnant. We have conducted a sensitive search for radio pulsations from this source with the Very Large Array, taking advantage of the high angular resolution of the array to resolve out the emission from the remnant itself. No convincing signatures of a dispersed, periodic source or of isolated dispersed pulses were found, whether for an isolated or a binary source. We derive upper limits of 30 and 1.3 mJy at 327 and 1435 MHz for its phase-averaged pulsed flux density. The corresponding luminosity limits are lower than those for any known radio pulsar with an age less than 104 yr. Our search sensitivities to single pulses were 25 and 1.0 Jy at 327 and 1435 MHz. For comparison, the Crab pulsar emits roughly 80 pulses per minute with flux densities greater than 100 Jy at 327 MHz and eight pulses per minute with flux densities greater than 50 Jy at 1435 MHz. These limits suggest that Cas A belongs to the growing population of young neutron stars that are radio-quiet.
Values and Needs of Children With and Without Special Educational Needs in Early School Years: A Study of Young Children’s Views on What Matters to Them

ABSTRACT Understanding how children experience life in educational settings should be an imperative for educational practitioners, evaluators, and researchers. Listening to children’s points of views would facilitate the development of educational settings that meet the needs of children and contribute to their wellbeing and development so that their experiences are both joyful and meaningful. A total of 56 children between the ages of 5 and 7 in 65 educational settings located in central Sweden were included in the study. Amongst the 56 participating children, 29 were identified as having special educational needs. The children’s views were collected from 2012 to 2015 using drawings and interviews, and these were analysed using a thematic analysis. Nine themes that reflected matters of importance for the children, both those with and without special educational needs, are described. These themes are discussed and linked to previous research, educational evaluation models, and theories of values and needs.
Virtual Avatar Control Using Wireless Sensors

Virtual avatar control is an important technology in computer games and virtual reality. However, the traditional push button controller is no longer able to satisfy the user’s experience requirement to the interactive entertainment. This paper proposes an intuitive interaction approach which allows the user to control the virtual character by his body performance. The user’s behavior is captured by measuring the accelerometer and magnetometer from the motion sensor attached to the user’s limbs. Then the sensor data are sent to the computer via wireless sensor network and the orientation of the sensor is estimated with optimization method. Finally, the motion data of the virtual character are synthesized from the computed orientations. The experimental result shows that this method can transfer the user’s performance effectively to the virtual character and improve the user’s experience in virtual environment.
Key topics for quantum mechanics at secondary schools: a Delphi study into expert opinions

ABSTRACT This article describes a Delphi study aiming to investigate which quantum mechanics topics experts consider to be important to teach at the secondary level, and what arguments these experts give. A series of three questionnaires was administered to experts in the fields of quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry and biophysics (n = 17, 12, 11 for the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively; the number of participants changed due to attrition). Several experts from this group (n = 9) were also interviewed. Results show that there is consensus on the topics considered to be important, i.e. duality, wave functions and atoms. Experts mainly based their topic ranking on relations between concepts, and on what quantum mechanics topics they consider to be fundamental. The topics that were considered less important were often described as too difficult or too complex.
Propagation delay estimation in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access systems

In an asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA) communication system, the parameter estimation problem, i.e., estimating the propagation delay, attenuation and phase shift of each user's transmitted signal, may be complicated by the so-called near-far problem. The near-far problem occurs when the amplitudes of the users received signals are very dissimilar, as the case might be in many important applications. In particular, the standard method for estimating the propagation delays will fail in a near-far situation. Several new estimators, the maximum likelihood, an approximative maximum likelihood and a subspace-based estimator, are therefore proposed and are shown to be robust against the near-far problem. No knowledge of the transmitted bits is assumed, and the proposed estimators can thus be used for both acquisition and tracking. In addition, the Cramer-Rao bound is derived for the parameter estimation problem.