Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ENERGY EFFICIENT SCHEDULING FOR REAL -TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS WITH PRECEDENCE AND RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS

Energy consumption is a critical design issue in real-time systems, especially in battery- operated systems. Maintaining high performance, while extending the battery life between charges is an interesting challenge for system designers. Dynamic Voltage Scaling and Dynamic Frequency Scaling allow us to adjust supply voltage and processor frequency to adapt to the workload demand for better energy management. Usually, higher processor voltage and frequency leads to higher system throughput while energy reduction can be obtained using lower voltage and frequency. Many real-time scheduling algorithms have been developed recently to reduce energy consumption in the portable devices that use voltage scalable processors. For a real-time application, comprising a set of real-time tasks with precedence and resource constraints executing on a distributed system, we propose a dynamic energy efficient scheduling algorithm with weighted First Come First Served (WFCFS) scheme. This also considers the run-time behaviour of tasks, to further explore the idle periods of processors for energy saving. Our algorithm is compared with the existing Modified Feedback Control Scheduling (MFCS), First Come First Served (FCFS), and Weighted scheduling (WS) algorithms that uses Service-Rate-Proportionate (SRP) Slack Distribution Technique. Our proposed algorithm achieves about 5 to 6 percent more energy savings and increased reliability over the existing ones.
Single and Multiple Carrier Designs for Cognitive Radio Systems

In this paper, we study design problems for single and multiple-carrier Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) Cognitive Radio (CR) systems. We assume imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) of the channels between the Secondary Users (SUs) and the Primary Users (PUs) at the SUs and propose solutions based on a Linear Matrix Inequality transformation that facilitates proper treatment of channel uncertainty at the SU transmitter. We employ convex optimization tools and use a Lagrange dual decomposition approach to solve the optimization problems efficiently. We also present a number of numerical results which clearly demonstrate the robustness and importance of the proposed algorithms.
Impact of Instance Seeking Strategies on Resource Allocation in Cloud Data Centers

With the prosperity of cloud computing, an increasing number of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) move their business to public clouds such as Amazon EC2. To help tenants deploy services in the cloud, researchers either conduct performance evaluations or design mechanisms and software on seeking virtual machines of better performance. However, few studies have investigated the impact of instance seeking strategies on resource allocation in clouds if every tenant starts to apply the same method to find the better performing virtual machine. In this paper, we propose a cloud and a tenant model in order to simulate the process of tenants' seeking better-performing instances in the cloud. We discuss, implement and evaluate six cloud resource allocation strategies and five instance seeking strategies. We perform the evaluation via simulation based on real data traces. Our results show that instance seeking strategies can cause the exhaustion of better-performing instances and significant request growth in the cloud. Furthermore, we find that tenants could save time and budget through collaborative seeking strategies. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings from perspectives of both tenants and providers.
Optimization of MIG Welding Process Parameters on AISI 304 Stainless Steel Using Taguchi Method and Fuzzy Logic

: The present paper tells about how to predict and optimize the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding of AISI 304 Stainless Steel (AISI 304 SS) work pieces, which are most widely in used in many industrial applications. The powerful tool known as Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to optimize the welding process parameters for effective welding joint of the work pieces. The following welding voltage, welding current and welding speed were considered as input parameters and similarly tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness were considered as performance characteristics for DOE application. The values after experimental measurements, compared with corresponding predicted results of tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness. Moreover, the Taguchi Method was also used for DOE and considered L 27 orthogonal array matrix and Signal-to-Noise Ratio, the tensile strength, percentage of elongation, and hardness of the predicted values have been creditably acquired via Fuzzy representation.
Spine Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: Indications, Outcomes, and Points of Caution

Study Design: A broad narrative review. Objectives: The objective of this article is to provide a technical review of spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) planning and delivery, indications for treatment, outcomes, complications, and the challenges of response assessment. The surgical approach to spinal metastases is discussed with an overview of emerging minimally invasive techniques. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted on the techniques, outcomes, and developments in SBRT and surgery for spinal metastases. Results: The optimal management of patients with spinal metastases is complex and requires multidisciplinary assessment from an oncologic team that is familiar with the shifting paradigm as a consequence of evolving techniques in surgery and stereotactic radiation, as well as new developments in systemic agents. The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score and the epidural spinal cord compression (Bilsky) grading system are useful tools that facilitate communication among oncologic team members and can direct management by providing a baseline assessment of risks prior to therapy. The combined multimodality approach with “separation surgery” followed by postoperative spine SBRT achieves thecal sac decompression, improves tumor control, and avoids complications that may be associated with more extensive surgery. Conclusion: Spine SBRT is a highly effective treatment that is capable of delivering ablative doses to the target while sparing the critical organs-at-risk, chiefly the critical neural tissues, within a short and manageable schedule. At the same time, surgery occupies an important role in select patients, particularly with the expanding availability and expertise in minimally invasive techniques. With rapid adoption of spine SBRT in centers outside of the academic setting, it is imperative for the practicing oncologist to understand the relevance and application of these evolving concepts.
Inference of Single Vessel Behaviour with Incomplete Satellite-based AIS Data

The problem of analysing a single vessel's behaviour from real but incomplete Automatic Identification System (AIS) data received by satellite has been investigated. The main objective was to infer the route of any single vessel of interest, utilising the dynamic information decoded from AIS messages. A complete process of route inference using position, speed, course over ground and time stamp information is proposed in this paper. Due to the incompleteness of satellite AIS messages, an algorithm incorporating random deviations is also presented to account for the missing sections of obtained vessel routes. Analysis results from a set of real AIS data have demonstrated the applicability of the proposed algorithms in various scenarios.
Changes in species interactions across a 2.5 km elevation gradient: effects on plant migration in response to climate change

Predicted climate change in the Andes will require plant species to migrate upslope to avoid extinction. Central to predictions of species responses to climate change is an understanding of species distributions along environmental gradients. Environmental gradients are frequently modelled as abiotic, but biotic interactions can play important roles in setting species distributions, abundances, and life history traits. Biotic interactions also have the potential to influence species responses to climate change, yet they remain mostly unquantified. An important interaction long studied in tropical forests is postdispersal seed predation which has been shown to affect the population dynamics, community structure, and diversity of plant species in time and space. This paper presents a comparative seed predation study of 24 species of tropical trees across a 2.5 km elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes and quantifies seed predation variation across the elevational gradient. We then use demographic modelling to assess effects of the observed variation in seed predation on population growth rates in response to observed increasing temperatures in the area. We found marked variation among species in total seed predation depending on the major seed predator of the species and consistent changes in seed predation across the gradient. There was a significant increase in seed survival with increasing elevation, a trend that appears to be driven by regulation of seed predators via top–down forces in the lowlands giving way to bottom–up (productivity) regulation at mid‐ to high elevations, resulting in a ninefold increase in effective fecundity for trees at high elevations. This potential increase in seed crop size strongly affects modelled plant population growth and seed dispersal distances, increasing population migration potential in the face of climate change. These results also indicate that species interactions can have effects on par with climate in species responses to global change.
Transition of care for the elderly after cerebrovascular accidents--from hospital to the home.

OBJECTIVE to examine the transition of care in families caring for elderly persons who suffered the first episode of a cerebrovascular accident. METHODOLOGY an instrumental ethnographic case study was used. The sample comprised 20 subjects: 10 caregivers and 10 elderly persons aged 65 or over, of both sexes, with diagnoses of first episode of cerebrovascular accident, capable of communicating, and requiring care from a main carer in their family. The data was collected through interviews, observation, existing documentation and field notes. Qualitative analysis techniques were used to codify and classify the data and to formulate significant categories, which generated typologies of care. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The central idea was the Transition of Care and showed the context in three typologies: The care process for the dependent elderly person, Strategies for the care process and Impact and acceptance of the limitations. CONCLUSION The data indicates that caring for an elderly person after a cerebrovascular accident is a challenge for the family. The data permitted it possible to elaborate a proposal for a model for the organization of the work, with a view to holistic care delivery in the health services, forming a care network, which constitutes an advance for the area of nursing.
Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space‐based observations of NO2 columns

[1] We use tropospheric NO2 columns from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite instrument to derive top-down constraints on emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), and combine these with a priori information from a bottom-up emission inventory (with error weighting) to achieve an optimized a posteriori estimate of the global distribution of surface NOx emissions. Our GOME NO2 retrieval improves on previous work by accounting for scattering and absorption of radiation by aerosols; the effect on the air mass factor (AMF) ranges from +10 to −40% depending on the region. Our AMF also includes local information on relative vertical profiles (shape factors) of NO2 from a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-CHEM); assumption of a globally uniform shape factor, as in most previous retrievals, would introduce regional biases of up to 40% over industrial regions and a factor of 2 over remote regions. We derive a top-down NOx emission inventory from the GOME data by using the local GEOS-CHEM relationship between NO2 columns and NOx emissions. The resulting NOx emissions for industrial regions are aseasonal, despite large seasonal variation in NO2 columns, providing confidence in the method. Top-down errors in monthly NOx emissions are comparable with bottom-up errors over source regions. Annual global a posteriori errors are half of a priori errors. Our global a posteriori estimate for annual land surface NOx emissions (37.7 Tg N yr−1) agrees closely with the GEIA-based a priori (36.4) and with the EDGAR 3.0 bottom-up inventory (36.6), but there are significant regional differences. A posteriori NOx emissions are higher by 50–100% in the Po Valley, Tehran, and Riyadh urban areas, and by 25–35% in Japan and South Africa. Biomass burning emissions from India, central Africa, and Brazil are lower by up to 50%; soil NOx emissions are appreciably higher in the western United States, the Sahel, and southern Europe.
Aplasia cutis congenita: approach to evaluation and management

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) refers to any condition in which there is absence of skin at birth. This can be isolated ACC occurring on the scalp, with or without underlying ectopic neural tissue, or ACC can be associated with other conditions such as Adams–Oliver syndrome or epidermolysis bullosa. We discuss the different types of ACC and associated anomalies along with an approach to diagnosis and management.
The effect of colour space on tracking robustness

This paper studies the effect of colour space on the performance of tracking algorithms. The colour spaces that were investigated were grayscale, RGB, YCbCr and HSV. The performance of a normalised cross correlation tracking algorithm was measured to determine robustness and accuracy in the different colour spaces. Track Detection Rate (TDR) and Object Tracking Standard Deviation (OTStd) were used to provide quantitative measures of tracking performance. The combined results indicate that the colour spaces of YCbCr and HSV give more accurate and more robust tracking results compared to grayscale and RGB images. The results also show that the information stored in the chrominance layers of CbCr in the YCbCr colour space and chromaticity layers HS in the HSV colour space, were sufficient for robust tracking. The TDR results range from 93.7% to 97.1% for grayscale and RGB, and 98% to 100% for the YCbCr and HSV colour spaces respectively. A similar trend in the OTStd was observed with a range of 17.0 pixels to 23.9 pixels for grayscale and RGB, and 7.56 pixels to 20.5 pixels for YCbCr and HSV.
Membrane techniques for the preparation of nanomaterials: nanotubes, nanowires and nanoparticles

The large interest in nanostructures results from their numerous potential applications in various areas such as biomedical sciences, composite materials, electronic, optic, magnetism, energy storage, and electrochemistry. The present review deals with the preparation of nanomaterials including nanotubes, nanowires and nanoparticles on the basis of two processes using membranes as shaping tools: the membrane template method and the membrane contactor. This report is focused on a description of the type of membranes and of the synthesis techniques which are used to produce a large variety of nanomaterials in terms of morphology and chemical composition. In the membrane template method, a nanoporous membrane with oriented nanochannels is used as mould (hard template) and filled with the desired material or precursors. Subsequently, the membrane is removed to generate a panel of desired nanostructures (nanotubes or nanowires) with a size-replication effect. The spatial distribution of the ensuing nanoobjects is governed by the pore distribution in the starting membrane. In the second process, the membrane contactor, a first solution flows tangentially to the membrane surface and then mixes/reacts with a second solution coming from the membrane pores. Using this technique, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanocrystals have been prepared. Selected examples will be presented. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Energy-Efficient Communication Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Critical Review

such as remote ecological monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller in size and smart. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with sensing and communication capabilities. As sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices, the critical aspects to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network lifetime can be improved to reasonable times. In this paper we first describe the energy consumption for components of a typical sensor node, and discuss the main directions to energy saving methods in wireless sensor networks. Then we present a methodical and comprehensive taxonomy of the energy optimization methods in wireless sensor networks. The main goal of energy optimization methods is to collect and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so that network life time is enhanced. We conclude with possible future research directions.
Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus farciminis KCTC 3681

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus farciminis is one of the most prevalent lactic acid bacterial species present during the manufacturing process of kimchi, the best-known traditional Korean dish. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of the type strain Lactobacillus farciminis KCTC 3681 (2,498,309 bp, with a G+C content of 36.4%), which consists of 5 scaffolds.
An Ultralow-Power Mixed-Signal Back End for Passive Sensor UHF RFID Transponders

This paper describes the design of mixed-signal back end for an ultrahigh-frequency sensor-enabled radio-frequency identification transponder in full compliance with the Electronic Product Code Class-1 Generation-2 protocol, defined in the standard ISO 18000-6C. The chip, implemented in a low-cost 0.35- μm CMOS technology process, includes a baseband processor, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to digitize the signal acquired from the external sensor, and some auxiliary circuitry for voltage regulation and reference generation. The proposed solution uses two different supply voltages, one for the processor and the other for the mixed-signal circuitry, and defines a novel communication protocol between both blocks so that analog readouts are minimally affected by the digital activity of the tag. The whole system was first functionally validated by exhaustively testing with external dc power supplies ten prototype samples, and then, the two main blocks, processor, and ADC were individually tested to assess their performance limits. Regarding the baseband processor, experiments were performed toward the calculation of its packet error rate (PER) under two typical biasing configurations of passive tags, using either crude clamps or regulators. It was found that the regulated biasing outperforms the clamping solution and obtains a PER of 3 × 10-3 with a supply voltage of 0.75 V. The current consumption of the processor during the reception and response to a Read command at maximum backward rate is only 2.2 μA from a 0.9-V supply. Regarding the ADC, it is a 10-b successive approximation register converter which obtains 9.41 b of effective resolution at 2-kS/s sampling frequency with a power consumption of 250 nW, including the dissipation of a current generation cell and the clock generation circuitry, from 1-V supply.
Semantify del.icio.us: Automatically Turn your Tags into Senses

At present tagging is experimenting a great diffusion as the most adopted way to collaboratively classify resources over the Web. In this paper, after a detailed analysis of the attempts made to improve the organization and structure of tagging systems as well as the usefulness of this kind of social data, we propose and evaluate the Tag Disambiguation Algorithm, mining del.icio. us data. It allows to easily semantify the tags of the users of a tagging service: it automatically finds out for each tag the related concept of Wikipedia in order to describe Web resources through senses. On the basis of a set of evaluation tests, we analyze all the advantages of our sense-based way of tagging, proposing new methods to keep the set of users tags more consistent or to classify the tagged resources on the basis of Wikipedia categories, YAGO classes or Wordnet synsets. We discuss also how our semanitified social tagging data are strongly linked to DBPedia and the datasets of the Linked Data community.
Evaluation of machine translation

Machine Translation (MT) refers to the use of a machine for performing translation task which converts text or speech from one Natural Language (NL) into another Natural Language. Machine Translation is an important technology for localization, and is particularly relevant in a linguistically diverse country like India. The evaluation of the sentences or a corpus of sentences translated with the help of machines by comparing it with the sentences or a corpus of sentences translated by humans is known as Machine Translation Evaluation. Evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) has historically proven to be a very difficult exercise. Traditionally, MT evaluation has been performed by human judges. In recent times, automatic evaluation methods have become popular. A lot of research is still going on in the same field. In this paper, we are discussing some of the algorithms developed by various researchers that are used for the automatic evaluation of Machine Translation.
“Look, Ma – No Hands!” Hands-Free Cursor Control with Real-Time 3D Face Tracking

This paper presents a real-time, non-invasive, vision system which performs hands-free cursor control by having users point their nose where they wish to place the cursor on a monitor screen. The vision system robustly tracks 3D face position and orientation in real time using a framework called Incremental Focus of Attention (IFA). IFA integrates tracking based on multiple cues (including color, intensity templates, and dark point features) which cooperate to track under adverse visual conditions. The pose recovered from tracking is then used to compute the intersection between the plane of the monitor screen and an imaginary ray extending forward from the user’s nose. Results show that naive users can position a cursor within a 1cm x 1cm square from a distance of 50cm from the monitor.