Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Provably Correct Algorithms for Matrix Column Subset Selection with Selectively Sampled Data

We consider the problem of matrix column subset selection, which selects a subset of columns from an input matrix such that the input can be well approximated by the span of the selected columns. Column subset selection has been applied to numerous real-world data applications such as population genetics summarization, electronic circuits testing and recommendation systems. In many applications the complete data matrix is unavailable and one needs to select representative columns by inspecting only a small portion of the input matrix. In this paper we propose the first provably correct column subset selection algorithms for partially observed data matrices. Our proposed algorithms exhibit different merits and limitations in terms of statistical accuracy, computational efficiency, sample complexity and sampling schemes, which provides a nice exploration of the tradeoff between these desired properties for column subset selection. The proposed methods employ the idea of feedback driven sampling and are inspired by several sampling schemes previously introduced for low-rank matrix approximation tasks (Drineas et al., 2008; Frieze et al., 2004; Deshpande and Vempala, 2006; Krishnamurthy and Singh, 2014). Our analysis shows that, under the assumption that the input data matrix has incoherent rows but possibly coherent columns, all algorithms provably converge to the best low-rank approximation of the original data as number of selected columns increases. Furthermore, two of the proposed algorithms enjoy a relative error bound, which is preferred for column subset selection and matrix approximation purposes. We also demonstrate through both theoretical and empirical analysis the power of feedback driven sampling compared to uniform random sampling on input matrices with highly correlated columns.
Evaluation of Students' Mental Health and Relation to Resilience and Copping Styles

Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage of life during which a person faces primary cognitive and structural changes. Objectives: In this study, we seek to investigate the relationship between resilience and coping styles with mental health in first grade high school students from Ardabil, Iran. Materials and Methods: We used a multistage random sampling method to select 100 first grade high school students from Ardabil. The participants were asked to complete the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Coping style questionnaire and the 28 item General Health questionnaire. Pearson correlation and multiple regressions were performed for data analysis. Results: There was a significant statistical relationship between resilience and coping styles with mental health (p < 0.01). In addition, the findings demonstrated that resilience and problem-oriented coping might significantly predict the mental health of adolescents. These findings might prove that resilience could be one of the best predictors of mental health in this study's target group of students. Conclusions: Findings of this study imply the crucial role of resilience and coping styles in mental health of adolescents. In other words, relationship between mental health and coping styles is taken into consideration due to the mediating effect of coping on perception and reaction towards environmental stress pressures. Schools play a key role in shaping the future of adolescents. In Iran, the youth constitute a significantly huge percent of our society, therefore attempts to enhance mental health in adolescents is one of the most important duties of any educational organization, particularly schools.
Introduction aux méthodes d'appariement optimal (Optimal Matching Analysis)

Introduction to Optimal Matching Analysis: This paper provides an introduction to a new statistical technique for describing sequences: Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA). Borrowed from biology, this technique is based on rather simple principles that can be adapted to suit the theoretical requirements of different analyses. Since OMA is not based on any causal assumptions, it is particularly well-adapted for sociologists who retemporalize action by analyzing it as a process. Two applications of Optimal Matching to time-use data are proposed to demonstrate its flexibility and also its sociological interest.
Students' Perceptions of and Attitudes Toward Disabilities: A Comparison of Twenty Conditions

We investigated students' perceptions of 20 different disabilities in a within-subject design. Two between-subjects variables were also employed: (a) sex of the participant, and (b) grade level (3, 6, 9, 12, or college). Participants were read a brief definition of each disability, and were then asked to rate the disability in terms of its visibility, severity, acceptability, and familiarity. The results indicated that (a) 6th and 12th graders were significantly more accepting than 3rd graders; (b) in general, females were more accepting than males, with males giving significantly higher ratings of severity to four disabilities than did females; and (c) 3rd graders gave the highest ratings of visibility, lowest ratings of familiarity, and lowest ratings of acceptability. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Effect of Rhizosphere Enzymes on Phytoremediation in PAH-Contaminated Soil Using Five Plant Species

A pot experiment was performed to study the effectiveness of remediation using different plant species and the enzyme response involved in remediating PAH-contaminated soil. The study indicated that species Echinacea purpurea, Festuca arundinacea Schred, Fire Phoenix (a combined F. arundinacea), and Medicago sativa L. possess the potential for remediation in PAH-contaminated soils. The study also determined that enzymatic reactions of polyphenol oxidase (except Fire Phoenix), dehydrogenase (except Fire Phoenix), and urease (except Medicago sativa L.) were more prominent over cultivation periods of 60d and 120d than 150d. Urease activity of the tested species exhibited prominently linear negative correlations with alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content after the tested plants were cultivated for 150d (R2 = 0.9592). The experiment also indicated that alkaline phosphatase activity in four of the five tested species (Echinacea purpurea, Callistephus chinensis, Festuca arundinacea Schred and Fire Phoenix) was inhibited during the cultivation process (at 60d and 120d). At the same time, the study determined that the linear relationship between alkaline phosphatase activity and effective phosphorus content in plant rhizosphere soil exhibited a negative correlation after a growing period of 120d (R2 = 0.665). Phytoremediation of organic contaminants in the soil was closely related to specific characteristics of particular plant species, and the catalyzed reactions were the result of the action of multiple enzymes in the plant rhizosphere soil.
The value of the use of biotechnology: public views in China and Europe

This study contrasts public views of the value of biotechnology applications in China and Europe. The most striking result is that biotechnology applications get more consistent acceptance and support in China than in Europe. The Chinese people are extremely positive in their evaluation of the usefulness and moral acceptability of various applications of biotechnology, whereas the European public has broader and firmer understanding of the risks involved. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the public's perception of benefit might be a prerequisite to supporting the development of biotechnology; nevertheless, moral acceptance is the key to gaining public support. Conversely, public perceptions of high risk may not necessarily reduce the level of support.
Validation of a screening tool for the early identification of sepsis.

BACKGROUND Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in noncoronary intensive care units. Recent evidence based guidelines outline strategies for the management of sepsis and studies have shown that early implementation of these guidelines improves survival. We developed an extensive logic-based sepsis management protocol; however, we found that early recognition of sepsis was a major obstacle to protocol implementation. To improve this, we developed a three-step sepsis screening tool with escalating levels of decision making. We hypothesized that aggressive screening for sepsis would improve early recognition of sepsis and decrease sepsis-related mortality by insuring early appropriate interventions. METHODS Patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit were screened twice daily by our nursing staff. The initial screen assesses the systemic inflammatory response syndrome parameters (heart rate, temperature, white blood cell count, and respiratory rate) and assigns a numeric score (0-4) for each. Patients with a score of > or = 4 screened positive proceed to the second step of the tool in which a midlevel provider attempts to identify the source of infection. If the patients screens positive for both systemic inflammatory response syndrome and an infection, the intensivist was notified to determine whether to implement our sepsis protocol. RESULTS Over 5 months, 4,991 screens were completed on 920 patients. The prevalence of sepsis was 12.2%. The screening tool yielded a sensitivity of 96.5%, specificity of 96.7%, a positive predictive value of 80.2%, and a negative predictive value of 99.5%. In addition, sepsis-related mortality decreased from 35.1% to 23.3%. CONCLUSIONS The three step sepsis screening tool is a valid tool for the early identification of sepsis. Implementation of this tool and our logic-based sepsis protocol has decreased sepsis-related mortality in our SICU by one third.
Nonrigid Feature Matching for Remote Sensing Images via Probabilistic Inference With Global and Local Regularizations

In this letter, we propose a probabilistic method for the feature matching of remote sensing images which undergo nonrigid transformations. We start by creating a set of putative correspondences based on the feature similarity and then focus on removing outliers from the putative set and estimating the transformation as well. This is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation of a Bayesian model with latent variables indicating whether matches in the putative set are inliers or outliers. We impose nonparametric global geometrical constraints on the correspondence using Tikhonov regularizers in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We also introduce a local geometrical constraint to preserve local structures among neighboring feature points. The problem is solved by using the expectation-maximization algorithm, and the closed-form solution of the transformation is derived in the maximization step. Moreover, a fast implementation based on sparse approximation is given which reduces the method computation complexity to linearithmic without performance sacrifice. Extensive experiments on real remote sensing images demonstrate accurate results of the proposed method which outperforms current state-of-the-art methods, particularly in case of severe outliers.
Character Profiling in 19th Century Fiction

This paper describes the way in which personal relationships between main characters in 19 th century Swedish prose fiction can be identified using information guided by named entities, provided by a entity recognition system adapted to the 19 th century Swedish language characteristics. Interpersonal relation extraction is based on the context between two relevant, identified person entities. The relationships extraction process also utilizes the content of on-line available lexical semantic resources (suitable vocabularies) and fairly standard context matching methods that provide a basic mechanism for identifying a wealth of interpersonal relations. Such relations can hopefully aid the reader of a 19thcentury Swedish literary work to better understand its content and plot, and get a bird’s eye view on the landscape of the core story.
Communities and Peace: Catholic Youth in Northern Ireland

The long-term success of any political settlement in Northern Ireland will rely not only on the willingness of young people to transcend their inheritance but also on the degree to which they are empowered to do so. This article focuses on the `next generation' in Northern Irelans, young people between the ages of 13 and 18 years, and in particular on young Catholics. It is based on a study conducted in the wake of the Good Friday Agreement of 1998, using a method influenced by the Participation Action Research (PAR) tradition employed in social psychology scholarship. The article explores the ways in which these young Catholics imagine and define community and peace. It examines the degrees to which they consider themselves to be part of a sectarian community, their perceptions of the ultimate attainability of peace, and of their own roles in peacebuilding. The study finds that young people's peacebuilding potential is hampered by the institutionalized bipolarity of the political system and by the continued existence of a system of communal deterrence. The varied exposure to the conflict of young people in different parts of Northern Ireland influences their conceptualizations of peace and recognition of this should be operationalized in the peace process.
Decision Making Problem in Division of Cognitive Labor with Parameter Inaccuracy: Case Studies

Scientific communities will be more effective for society if scientists effectively divide their cognitive labor. So one way to study how scientists divide their cognitive labor has become an important area of research in science. This problem was firstly discovered and studied by Kitcher. Later on, Kleinberg and Oren pointed out that the model proposed by Kitcher might not be realistic. We investigate the impact of the imprecise parameter in project selection results. In this paper, we further our study on this issue. We study the policy of decision making problem based on the modified division of cognitive labor model with the assumption that a scientist is aware of the existence of the imprecise parameters and provide the detailed analytical results. And we provide a decision rule to minimize the possible loss based on error probability estimation.
Core selection methods for multicast routing

Multicast routing is an important topic of both theoretical and practical interest. Several proposed multicast routing algorithms involve the designation of one or more network nodes as the "center" of the routing tree for each multicast group. The choice of this designated router (which we refer to as the "core") influences the shape of the multicast routing tree, and thus influences the performance of the routing scheme. We investigate the relationship between the choice of core and three performance measures. Specifically, we compare various methods of selecting a core with respect to their effect on the bandwidth, delay, and traffic concentration. We conclude that simple methods are adequate for widely distributed groups, but that the addition of group information can be leveraged to improve performance especially when the group is small or exhibits a high degree of locality. We also conclude that core choice can be used to control traffic concentration, in fact traffic concentration effects can be ameliorated by appropriate core choice policies.
Translating Research Into a Seamless Transition Model

Recently, consensus among researchers and professionals has emerged about factors that contribute to postschool success of youth with disabilities. Prominent among these factors are targeted academic preparation, family involvement, youth empowerment, and service collaboration and linkages. Work experience and paid employment have been identified as being highly associated with positive postschool employment outcomes. These components are reflected in the Guideposts for Success, produced by the National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability/Youth (NCWD/Y), which represents professional consensus and extant research about what constitutes optimal transition service. The authors present a descriptive report on the implementation of a model for systematically delivering seamless transition services based on components of the NCWD/Y Guideposts. They report on how this model has been applied in 11 of the 24 county-wide school districts in Maryland for diverse special education populations, and provide preliminary data on its early impact on the students’ transition to careers.
Combining Resources to Find Answers to Biomedical Questions

One of the NLM experimental approaches to the 2007 Genomics track question answering task followed the track evaluation design: we attempted identifying exact answers in the form of semantic relations between biomedical entities named in questions and the potential answer types and then marked the passages containing the relations as containing the answers. The goal of this knowledgebased approach was to improve the answer precision. To boost recall, evidence obtained through relation extraction was combined with passage scores obtained by semantic filtering and passage retrieval. Our second approach, the fusion of retrieval results of several search engines established to be reliably successful in the past, was used as the baseline, which ultimately was not improved upon by the knowledge-based approach. The impact of the relevance of whole documents on finding passages containing answers was tested in the third approach, an interactive retrieval experiment, in which the relevance of a document was determined by virtue of its retrieval in an expert PubMed search and an occasional examination of its abstract. This relatively moderately labor-intensive approach significantly improved the fusion retrieval results.
Characterization of carbonic anhydrases from Riftia pachyptila, a symbiotic invertebrate from deep‐sea hydrothermal vents

The symbiotic hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila needs to supply its internal bacterial symbionts with carbon dioxide, their inorganic carbon source. Our aim in this study was to characterize the carbonic anhydrase (CA) involved in CO2 transport and conversion at various steps in the plume and the symbiotic tissue, the trophosome. A complete 1209 kb cDNA has been sequenced from the trophosome and identified as a putative α‐CA based on BLAST analysis and the similarities of total deduced amino‐acid sequence with those from the GenBank database. In the plume, the putative CA sequence obtained from cDNA library screening was 90% identical to the trophosome CA, except in the first 77 nucleotides downstream from the initiation site identified on trophosome CA. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the annelidan Riftia CA (CARp) emerges clustered with invertebrate CAs, the arthropodan Drosophila CA and the cnidarian Anthopleura CA. This invertebrate cluster appeared as a sister group of the cluster comprising mitochondrial and cytosolic isoforms in vertebrates: CAV, CAI II and III, and CAVII. However, amino acid sequence alignment showed that Riftia CA was closer to cytosolic CA than to mitochondrial CA. Combined biochemical approaches revealed two cytosolic CAs with different molecular weights and pI's in the plume and the trophosome, and the occurrence of a membrane‐bound CA isoform in addition to the cytosolic one in the trophosome. The physiologic roles of cytosolic CA in both tissues and supplementary membrane‐bound CA isoform in the trophosome in the optimization of CO2 transport and conversion are discussed. Proteins 2003;51:327–339. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minorities with a Minority: Language and the School in the Sami Areas of Norway

This paper provides a survey of the Sami languages in present-day Norway. It begins with a brief overview of Sami languages, highlighting their historical and current position in a number of Scandinavian countries. The most prominent among these Sami language varieties is Northern Sami, which is also the language variety most often discussed in the academic literature. However, the paper then moves on to discuss two other, often overlooked, examples of Sami language and culture, Lule Sami and Southern Sami. The paper explores the current position of these latter examples, and the various language and education initiatives currently underway with respect to them. It concludes with a discussion of their current status in the light of Fishman's typology of the status of threatened languages.
Packing and reusing virtual web laboratories as Sharable Content Object in wide range of educational fields

One of the key issues in the education field is the acquisition of skills. This practical knowledge was usually acquired through traditional labs or standalone simulation programs. The World Wide Web and the advance in web programming language have allowed teachers to create online learning applications, such as virtual web laboratories which can be displayed by Web browser, at any time and everywhere. Currently, a large amount of virtual Web labs can be found in the World Wide Web, and these are able to cover a wide range of educational fields such as physic, chemistry, electronic, medicine, mathematics and languages. This paper describes the process of searching of these laboratories and their packing in Sharable Content Object, following the e-learning standard called SCORM.
Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species

A systematic search for viral infection was performed in the isolated Kerguelen Islands, using a range of polyvalent genus-specific PCR assays. Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) was detected in both introduced and native grasses such as Poa cookii. The geographical distribution of BYDV and its prevalence in P. cookii were analyzed using samples collected from various sites of the archipelago. We estimate the average prevalence of BYDV to be 24.9% in P. cookii, with significant variability between sites. BYDV genetic diversity was assessed using sequence information from two genomic regions: the P3 open reading frame (ORF) (encoding the coat protein) and the hypervariable P6 ORF region. The phylogenetic analysis in the P3 region showed that BYDV sequences segregate into three major lineages, the most frequent of which (Ker-I cluster) showed close homology with BYDV-PAV-I isolates and had very low intra-lineage diversity (0.6%). A similarly low diversity was also recorded in the hypervariable P6 region, suggesting that Ker-I isolates derive from the recent introduction of BYDV-PAV-I. Divergence time estimation suggests that BYDV-PAV-I was likely introduced in the Kerguelen environment at the same time frame as its aphid vector, Rhopalosiphum padi, whose distribution shows good overlap with that of BYDV-Ker-I. The two other lineages show more than 22% amino acid divergence in the P3 region with other known species in the BYDV species complex, indicating that they represent distinct BYDV species. Using species-specific amplification primers, the distribution of these novel species was analyzed. The high prevalence of BYDV on native Poaceae and the presence of the vector R. padi, raises the question of its impact on the vulnerable plant communities of this remote ecosystem.