Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How query cost affects search behavior

affects how users interact with a search system. Microeconomic theory is used to generate the cost-interaction hypothesis that states as the cost of querying increases, users will pose fewer queries and examine more documents per query. A between-subjects laboratory study with 36 undergraduate subjects was conducted, where subjects were randomly assigned to use one of three search interfaces that varied according to the amount of physical cost required to query: Structured (high cost), Standard (medium cost) and Query Suggestion (low cost). Results show that subjects who used the Structured interface submitted significantly fewer queries, spent more time on search results pages, examined significantly more documents per query, and went to greater depths in the search results list. Results also showed that these subjects spent longer generating their initial queries, saved more relevant documents and rated their queries as more successful. These findings have implications for the usefulness of microeconomic theory as a way to model and explain search interaction, as well as for the design of query facilities.
Simulation of the dynamic characteristics for a hard disk drive during load/unload process subject to an external shock

The dynamics of the head/disk interface and the lift-tab ramp interface of hard disk drive subject to an external shock during load/unload process were modeled and simulated. The effects of the shock duration and amplitude of shock impulse on the dynamic and contact characteristics of related interfaces were analyzed. The results show that the effects of the shock on contact force and displacement response of dual sliders are different. The influence of the impact on the upper slider is greater than the lower one. These results are beneficial to the improvement of the head/disk interface and further application of the load/unload technology.
JPred4: a protein secondary structure prediction server

JPred4 (http://www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk/jpred4) is the latest version of the popular JPred protein secondary structure prediction server which provides predictions by the JNet algorithm, one of the most accurate methods for secondary structure prediction. In addition to protein secondary structure, JPred also makes predictions of solvent accessibility and coiled-coil regions. The JPred service runs up to 94 000 jobs per month and has carried out over 1.5 million predictions in total for users in 179 countries. The JPred4 web server has been re-implemented in the Bootstrap framework and JavaScript to improve its design, usability and accessibility from mobile devices. JPred4 features higher accuracy, with a blind three-state (α-helix, β-strand and coil) secondary structure prediction accuracy of 82.0% while solvent accessibility prediction accuracy has been raised to 90% for residues <5% accessible. Reporting of results is enhanced both on the website and through the optional email summaries and batch submission results. Predictions are now presented in SVG format with options to view full multiple sequence alignments with and without gaps and insertions. Finally, the help-pages have been updated and tool-tips added as well as step-by-step tutorials.
Deterministic Leader Election Takes $\Theta(D + \log n)$ Bit Rounds

Leader election is, together with consensus, one of the most central problems in distributed computing. This paper presents a distributed algorithm, called \STT, for electing deterministically a leader in an arbitrary network, assuming processors have unique identifiers of size $O(\log n)$, where $n$ is the number of processors. It elects a leader in $O(D +\log n)$ rounds, where $D$ is the diameter of the network, with messages of size $O(1)$. Thus it has a bit round complexity of $O(D +\log n)$. This substantially improves upon the best known algorithm whose bit round complexity is $O(D\log n)$. In fact, using the lower bound by Kutten et al. (2015) and a result of Dinitz and Solomon (2007), we show that the bit round complexity of \STT is optimal (up to a constant factor), which is a significant step forward in understanding the interplay between time and message optimality for the election problem. Our algorithm requires no knowledge on the graph such as $n$ or $D$, and the pipelining technique we introduce to break the $O(D\log n)$ barrier is general.
Competition‐interaction landscapes for the joint response of forests to climate change

The recent global increase in forest mortality episodes could not have been predicted from current vegetation models that are calibrated to regional climate data. Physiological studies show that mortality results from interactions between climate and competition at the individual scale. Models of forest response to climate do not include interactions because they are hard to estimate and require long‐term observations on individual trees obtained at frequent (annual) intervals. Interactions involve multiple tree responses that can only be quantified if these responses are estimated as a joint distribution. A new approach provides estimates of climate–competition interactions in two critical ways, (i) among individuals, as a joint distribution of responses to combinations of inputs, such as resources and climate, and (ii) within individuals, due to allocation requirements that control outputs, such as demographic rates. Application to 20 years of data from climate and competition gradients shows that interactions control forest responses, and their omission from models leads to inaccurate predictions. Species most vulnerable to increasing aridity are not those that show the largest growth response to precipitation, but rather depend on interactions with the local resource environment. This first assessment of regional species vulnerability that is based on the scale at which climate operates, individual trees competing for carbon and water, supports predictions of potential savannification in the southeastern US.
Usability Testing by Older Adults of a Computer-Mediated Health Communication Program

Failure to adhere to an antihypertensive regimen and interactions between antihypertensives and other medicines represent serious health threats to older adults. This study tested the usability of a touch-screen-enabled personal education program (PEP). Findings showed that older adults rated the PEP system usability, system usefulness, and system-use satisfaction at a moderately high level for prototype-1 and at an exceptionally high level for prototype-2. A 201.91% reduction in interface errors and a 31.08% decrease in interface time also were found between the two trials. This participatory usability design was highly successful in tailoring its program interface design to accommodate older users to enhance their health communication and technology use efficacy.
Digital filter synthesis based on minimal signed digit representation

As the complexity of digital filters is dominated by the number of multiplications, many works have focused on minimizing the complexity of multiplier blocks that compute the constant coefficient multiplications required in filters. The complexity of multiplier blocks can be significantly reduced by using an efficient number system. Although the canonical signed digit representation is commonly used as it guarantees the minimal number of additions for a constant multiplication, we propose in this paper a digital filter synthesis algorithm that is based on the minimal signed digit (MSD) representation. The MSD representation is attractive because it provides a number of forms that have the minimal number of non-zero digits for a constant. This redundancy can lead to efficient filters if a proper MSD representation is selected for each constant. In experimental results, the proposed algorithm resulted in superior filters to those generated from the CSD representation.
He Said, She Said

In everyday life, close relationship partners enact behaviors through which they may influence each other. To understand how these exchanges affect partners, previous research has emphasized the enactors' reports, the receivers' perceptions, or the congruence of the two. We developed a strategy based on classic signal detection theory that combined elements from these three approaches in a naturalistic daily experience study. Members of 58 heterosexual dating couples reported daily on their own behaviors and their perceptions of their partners' behaviors. Results showed that an enactor's beliefs about his or her behavior and the perceiver's interpretation combined to affect daily mood and relationship satisfaction. However, different patterns of results emerged for positive and negative behaviors, such that the enactor's perspective accounted for independent effects of negative behaviors. Results show the value of simultaneously considering the perspective of both parties in social interaction.
A Multiobjective Approach to Multimicrogrid System Design

The main goal of this paper is to design a market operator (MO) and a distribution network operator (DNO) for a network of microgrids in consideration of multiple objectives. This is a high-level design and only those microgrids with nondispatchable renewable energy sources are considered. For a power grid in the network, the net value derived from providing power to the network must be maximized. For a microgrid, it is desirable to maximize the net gain derived from consuming the received power. Finally, for an independent system operator, stored energy levels at microgrids must be maintained as close as possible to storage capacity to secure network emergency operation. To achieve these objectives, a multiobjective approach is proposed. The price signal generated by the MO and power distributed by the DNO are assigned based on a Pareto optimal solution of a multiobjective optimization problem. By using the proposed approach, a fair scheme that does not advantage one particular objective can be attained. Simulations are provided to validate the proposed methodology.
Dll4-Notch signaling determines the formation of native arterial collateral networks and arterial function in mouse ischemia models

Arteriogenesis requires growth of pre-existing arteriolar collateral networks and determines clinical outcome in arterial occlusive diseases. Factors responsible for the development of arteriolar collateral networks are poorly understood. The Notch ligand Delta-like 4 (Dll4) promotes arterial differentiation and restricts vessel branching. We hypothesized that Dll4 may act as a genetic determinant of collateral arterial networks and functional recovery in stroke and hind limb ischemia models in mice. Genetic loss- and gain-of-function approaches in mice showed that Dll4-Notch signaling restricts pial collateral artery formation by modulating arterial branching morphogenesis during embryogenesis. Adult Dll4+/- mice showed increased pial collateral numbers, but stroke volume upon middle cerebral artery occlusion was not reduced compared with wild-type littermates. Likewise, Dll4+/- mice showed reduced blood flow conductance after femoral artery occlusion, and, despite markedly increased angiogenesis, tissue ischemia was more severe. In peripheral arteries, loss of Dll4 adversely affected excitation-contraction coupling in arterial smooth muscle in response to vasopressor agents and arterial vessel wall adaption in response to increases in blood flow, collectively contributing to reduced flow reserve. We conclude that Dll4-Notch signaling modulates native collateral formation by acting on vascular branching morphogenesis during embryogenesis. Dll4 furthermore affects tissue perfusion by acting on arterial function and structure. Loss of Dll4 stimulates collateral formation and angiogenesis, but in the context of ischemic diseases such beneficial effects are overruled by adverse functional changes, demonstrating that ischemic recovery is not solely determined by collateral number but rather by vessel functionality.
The Development of an Interorganizational Control Network: The Case of Intercollegiate Athletics.

I am indebted to my colleague W. Jeff Reynolds for encouraging my interest in college athletics and for work on an earlier paper related to this topic. Thanks are owed to Mitchell Lowenthal and Michelle Braun for help in assembling the historical data. Howard Aldrich, along with others, including Paul Hirsch, Marshall Meyer, Charles Perrow, Jeffrey Pfeffer, Lawrence Williams, Mayer Zald, and the editors of this journal have generously provided comments on earlier versions of this paper.
Knowledge Management in a Research Organisation: International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)

Knowledge is fast becoming a source of competitive advantage that makes a difference between success and failure for both profit and non-profit organisations. The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is a non-profit organisation which has initiated a knowledge management programme recently. This study looks at how knowledge is generated in ILRI, how it is shared, how it is transferred and how it is integrated into the day-to-day operations of the Institute. It also looks at how the Institute encourages its employees to acquire new knowledge as well as share knowledge with others within and outside the Institute. Some of the challenges that the ILRI faces in managing knowledge are identified, and solutions which cannot always rely on information technology are discussed.
Statistical Learning

Statistical learning is a rapid and robust mechanism that enables adults and infants to extract patterns embedded in both language and visual domains. Statistical learning operates implicitly, without instruction, through mere exposure to a set of input stimuli. However, much of what learners must acquire about a structured domain consists of principles or rules that can be applied to novel inputs. It has been claimed that statistical learning and rule learning are separate mechanisms; in this article, however, we review evidence and provide a unifying perspective that argues for a single statistical-learning mechanism that accounts for both the learning of input stimuli and the generalization of learned patterns to novel instances. The balance between instance-learning and generalization is based on two factors: the strength of perceptual and cognitive biases that highlight structural regularities, and the consistency of elements’ contexts (unique vs. overlapping) in the input.
Effect of ration size on fillet fatty acid composition, phospholipid allostasis and mRNA expression patterns of lipid regulatory genes in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

The effect of ration size on muscle fatty acid (FA) composition and mRNA expression levels of key regulatory enzymes of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism have been addressed in juveniles of gilthead sea bream fed a practical diet over the course of an 11-week trial. The experimental setup included three feeding levels: (i) full ration until visual satiety, (ii) 70 % of satiation and (iii) 70 % of satiation with the last 2 weeks at the maintenance ration. Feed restriction reduced lipid content of whole body by 30 % and that of fillet by 50 %. In this scenario, the FA composition of fillet TAG was not altered by ration size, whereas that of phospholipids was largely modified with a higher retention of arachidonic acid and DHA. The mRNA transcript levels of lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases, phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and FA desaturase 2 were not regulated by ration size in the present experimental model. In contrast, mRNA levels of stearoyl-CoA desaturases were markedly down-regulated by feed restriction. An opposite trend was found for a muscle-specific lipoprotein lipase, which is exclusive of fish lineage. Several upstream regulatory transcriptions were also assessed, although nutritionally mediated changes in mRNA transcripts were almost reduced to PPARα and β, which might act in a counter-regulatory way on lipolysis and lipogenic pathways. This gene expression pattern contributes to the construction of a panel of biomarkers to direct marine fish production towards muscle lean phenotypes with increased retentions of long-chain PUFA.
Multiple WNIC-based handoff in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

We propose a novel scanning scheme for IEEE 802.11 by equipping Access Points (APs) with multiple Wireless Network Interface Cards (Multi-WNICs), one of which is set to operate in an exclusively reserved channel for the scanning purpose. In this environment, a STAtion (STA) can easily search neighboring APs by scanning the reserved channel. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme ultimately reduces the overall scanning time to improve the handoff latency.
Isolation of mRNA from specific tissues of Drosophila by mRNA tagging

To study the function of specific cells or tissues using genomic tools like microarray analyses, it is highly desirable to obtain mRNA from a homogeneous source. However, this is particularly challenging for small organisms, like Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. We have optimized and applied a new technique, mRNA tagging, to isolate mRNA from specific tissues of D.melanogaster. A FLAG-tagged poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) is expressed in a specific tissue and mRNA from that tissue is thus tagged by the recombinant PABP and separated from mRNA in other tissues by co-immunoprecipitation with a FLAG-tag specific antibody. The fractionated mRNA is then amplified and used as probe in microarray experiments. As a test system, we employed the procedures to identify genes expressed in Drosophila photoreceptor cells. We found that most known photoreceptor cell-specific mRNAs were identified by mRNA tagging. Furthermore, at least 11 novel genes have been identified as enriched in photoreceptor cells. mRNA tagging is a powerful general method for profiling gene expression in specific tissues and for identifying tissue-specific genes.
Intensive language-action therapy (ILAT): The methods

Background: Brain and language theories suggest the application of general neuroscientific and linguistic principles in the neurorehabilitation of language. The interwoven nature of language and action has long been emphasised in linguistic pragmatics, and recent neuroscience research has indeed demonstrated tight functional interactions between language and action mechanisms of the human brain. This provides important arguments in favour of practising language in communicative settings, rather than with the sole purpose of producing linguistic structures. Intensive language-action therapy (ILAT), including its most popular form called constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT), realises language-action embedding in synergy with the use of intensive training and guidance by modelling, shaping, and explicit rules. ILAT leads to significant improvement of language performance in chronic post-stroke aphasia within a short period of time. A comprehensive description of its methods has thus far been missing. Aims: We describe the methods of ILAT, illustrate its use, and outline methods for linguistic-pragmatic evaluation of its effects. Main Contribution: We explain the general principles and practical features of ILAT methods and of language-action games (LAGs) constituting this method. The structure of and materials for two LAGs, the REQUEST and PLANNING games, are highlighted by discussing in detail their respective action-structure, materials, and rules. These LAGs are employed to encourage the use of language in communicative contexts through interactive requests and the planning of joint activities. A main linguistic focus is on object nouns in the REQUEST game and on action verbs in the PLANNING game. Focusing and tailoring of LAGs to patients' communicative needs by means of modelling, shaping, and explicitly introduced communication rules are also explained. Finally the assessment of communicative success is illustrated based on clinical measures, performance within LAGs, and the Communicative Aphasia Log (CAL). Conclusions: Different linguistic-pragmatic and social-interactive forms of communication can be translated into specific therapeutic LAGs in the context of ILAT to target specific speech acts and parts of speech. Apart from clinical tests, methods for evaluating communication performance are available for assessment of therapy success.
Harnessing the Mental Health Benefits of the Creativity–Spirituality Construct: Introducing the Theory of Transformative Coping

This article introduces the theory of transformative coping, which proposes that the inherent human capacities of creativity and spirituality form a construct that can be applied in coping. The process of transformative coping and its subsequent mental health benefits is outlined and illustrated by the transformative coping model, which depicts how transformative coping increases positive emotions and resilience. Empirical evidence for the mental health benefits of the individual concepts is presented, and recommendations for practical applications of transformative coping as a useful component in modern healthcare are given.
Error and Bias in Meta-propositional Reasoning: A Case of the Mental Model Theory

The mental model theory predicts variations in the percentage of errors in meta-propositional reasoning tasks but does not specify the nature of these errors (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1990). In the present study, we drew predictions concerning the nature of errors in a meta-propositional reasoning task by importing and elaborating the distinction between implicit and explicit models previously applied by the mental model theory to the domain of propositional reasoning (Johnson-Laird, Byrne, & Schaeken, 1992). An experiment was conducted in which participants were asked to solve problems concerning the truth or falsity of propositional assertions. The task was to determine the truth-status (liar or truth-teller) of two persons making a propositional assertion about their own truth-status and/or the truth-status of the other person. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that people may reason in ways that differ in the extent to which initially implicit models are made explicit. As such, the results.
The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps

The long pentraxin (PTX) 3 is produced by macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells in response to Toll-like receptor agonists and represents a nonredundant component of humoral innate immunity against selected pathogens. We report that, unexpectedly, PTX3 is stored in specific granules and undergoes release in response to microbial recognition and inflammatory signals. Released PTX3 can partially localize in neutrophil extracellular traps formed by extruded DNA. Eosinophils and basophils do not contain preformed PTX3. PTX3-deficient neutrophils have defective microbial recognition and phagocytosis, and PTX3 is nonredundant for neutrophil-mediated resistance against Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus, neutrophils serve as a reservoir, ready for rapid release, of the long PTX3, a key component of humoral innate immunity with opsonic activity.