Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Steels, Microstructure and Properties

Iron and its interstitial solid solutions * The strengthening of iron and its alloys * The iron-carbon equilibrium diagram and plain carbon steels * The effects of alloying elements in iron-carbon alloys * Formation of martensite * The bainite reaction * Acicular ferrite * The heat treatment of steels - hardenability * The tempering of martensite * Commercial Steels: New material to include Nanostructured Steels, Steels for the Energy and Automobile Industries * The embrittlement and fracture of steels * Stainless steel * Weld microstructures * Modelling of microstructure and properties *
An adaptive appearance-based map for long-term topological localization of mobile robots

This work considers a mobile service robot which uses an appearance-based representation of its workplace as a map, where the current view and the map are used to estimate the current position in the environment. Due to the nature of real-world environments such as houses and offices, where the appearance keeps changing, the internal representation may become out of date after some time. To solve this problem the robot needs to be able to adapt its internal representation continually to the changes in the environment. This paper presents a method for creating an adaptive map for long-term appearance-based localization of a mobile robot using long-term and short-term memory concepts, with omni-directional vision as the external sensor.
Making VR work: building a real-world immersive modeling application in the virtual world

Building a real-world immersive 3D modeling application is hard. In spite of the many supposed advantages of working in the virtual world, users quickly tire of waving their arms about and the resulting models remain simplistic at best. The dream of creation at the speed of thought has largely remained unfulfilled due to numerous factors such as the lack of suitable menu and system controls, inability to perform precise manipulations, lack of numeric input, challenges with ergonomics, and difficulties with maintaining user focus and preserving immersion. The focus of our research is on the building of virtual world applications that can go beyond the demo and can be used to do real-world work. The goal is to develop interaction techniques that support the richness and complexity required to build complex 3D models, yet minimize expenditure of user energy and maximize user comfort. We present an approach that combines the natural and intuitive power of VR interaction, the precision and control of 2D touch surfaces, and the richness of a commercial modeling package. We also discuss the benefits of collocating 2D touch with 3D bimanual spatial input, the challenges in designing a custom controller targeted at achieving the same, and the new avenues that this collocation creates.
Shadow Removal from a Single Image

Shadow detection and removal in real scene images is always a challenging but yet intriguing problem. In contrast with the rapidly expanding and continuous interests on this area, it is always hard to provide a robust system to eliminate shadows in static images. This paper aimed to give a comprehensive method to remove both vague and hard shadows from a single image. First, classification is applied to the derivatives of the input image to separate the vague shadows. Then, color invariant is exploited to distinguish the hard shadow edges from the material edges. Next, we derive the illumination image via solving the standard Poisson equation. Finally, we got the shadow-free reflectance image. Experimental results showed that our method can robustly remove both vague and hard shadows appearing in the real scene images
Factors Modulating Software Design Quality

Object oriented approach is one of the popular software development approach for managing complex systems with massive set of requirements. Unlike procedural approach, this approach captures the requirements as set of data rather than services. Further, class is considered as a key unit of the solution-domain with data and services wrapped together, representing architectural design of a basic module. Thus, system complexity is directly related to the number of modules and the degree of interaction between them. This could be mapped as a functional diagram with cardinalities between the modules. However, complexity is always a threat to quality at each stage of software development. Design phase is therefore one of the core influencing phases during development that selects the right architecture based on the problem statement which is bound to be measured for quality. Hence, software industries adapts several organization- specific principles, domain-specific patterns, metric standards and best practices to improve and measure the quality of both process and product. The paper highlights the factors which influence the overall design quality and metrics implication in improving the quality of final product. It also presents the solution domain as an interdependent layered architecture which has a greater impact on concluding the quality of the end product. This approach of design is a unique contribution to the domain of Object Oriented approach of software development. It also focuses on design metrics which ensures the implementation of right choice of design towards the retention of quality of the product.
Evaluation of Selective Attention under Similarity Transforms

Computational selective attention systems have mostly been developed as models of human attention, and they have been evaluated on that basis. Now, however, they are being used as front ends to object recognition systems, and in particular to appearance-based recognition systems. As such, they need to be evaluated by other criteria. A common goal for object recognition systms in invariance to 2D similarity transformations (i.e. in-plane translations, rotations, reflections and scales). This implies that attention systems used as front ends should also be invariant to similarity transforms. This paper evaluates the Neuromorphic Vision Toolkit (NVT), a well known and publicly available selective attention system, and finds it to be highly sensitive to 2D similarity transforms. Further investigation, however, suggests that this sensitivity is an artifact of the publicly available implementation, and not of the neuromorphic principles it is based on. Therefore we have developed a new system, called SAFE (Selective Attention as a Front End), that is conceptually similar to NVT. However, SAFE is largely invariant to 2D similarity transformations of the source image and selects scales as well as spatial locations for fixations, implementing a combined “zoom-spotlight” model of attention.
Minimal Sampling for Effective Acquisition of Anisotropic BRDFs

BRDFs are commonly used for material appearance representation in applications ranging from gaming and the movie industry, to product design and specification. Most applications rely on isotropic BRDFs due to their better availability as a result of their easier acquisition process. On the other hand, anisotropic BRDF due to their structure‐dependent anisotropic highlights, are more challenging to measure and process. This paper thus leverages the measurement process of anisotropic BRDF by representing such BRDF by the collection of isotropic BRDFs. Our method relies on an anisotropic BRDF database decomposition into training isotropic slices forming a linear basis, where appropriate sparse samples are identified using numerical optimization. When an unknown anisotropic BRDF is measured, these samples are repeatably captured in a small set of azimuthal directions. All collected samples are then used for an entire measured BRDF reconstruction from a linear isotropic basis. Typically, below 100 samples are sufficient for the capturing of main visual features of complex anisotropic materials, and we provide a minimal directional samples to be regularly measured at each sample rotation. We conclude, that even simple setups relying on five bidirectional samples (maximum of five stationary sensors/lights) in combination with eight rotations (rotation stage for specimen) can yield a promising reconstruction of anisotropic behavior. Next, we outline extension of the proposed approach to adaptive sampling of anisotropic BRDF to gain even better performance. Finally, we show that our method allows using standard geometries, including industrial multi‐angle reflectometers, for the fast measurement of anisotropic BRDFs.
Combined use of Doppler OCT and en Face OCT Functions for Discrimination of an Aneurysm in the Lamina Cribrosa from a Disc Hemorrhage

Purpose In addition to retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements, the recently introduced AngioVue optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers corresponding layer-by-layer Doppler OCT and en face OCT functions, for simultaneous evaluation of perfusion and structure of the optic nerve head. We investigated the clinical usefulness of combined use of Doppler and en face Fourier-domain OCT functions of the AngioVue Fourier-domain OCT for discrimination of a disc hemorrhage and a disc hemorrhage–like atypical vessel structure located deep in the lamina cribrosa. Case report We present our findings with AngioVue OCT on a disc hemorrhage and a spatially related retinal nerve fiber layer bundle defect in a glaucomatous eye (case 1). Both alterations were detected on en face OCT images without any Doppler OCT signal. We also report on an aneurysm suggestive for a disc hemorrhage on clinical examination and disc photography in a treated ocular hypertensive eye (case 2). The aneurysm was within the lamina cribrosa tissue at the border of the cup and the neuroretinal rim. This vascular structure produced strong Doppler signals but no structurally detectable signs on the en face OCT images. Conclusions Combined evaluation of corresponding Doppler OCT and en face OCT images enables ophthalmologists to easily separate true disc hemorrhages from disc hemorrhage–like deep vascular structures. This is of clinical significance in preventing unnecessary intensification of pressure-lowering treatment in glaucoma.
Using XACML to Enhance Compliance with Privacy Regulations in Health Sector

Many corporate organizations use personal information (e.g. customers, citizens, and employees data) to perform their business mandates. However, a very huge amount of the processed information is considered private and many countries have issued laws to regulate how private information is collected, stored, manipulated or disclosed [1][2][3]. We propose the adoption and usage of XACML as a framework to map and specify all privacy provisions found in government regulations in order to enhance compliance. We have chosen health sector regulations in Saudi Arabia as a case study to demonstrate the appropriateness of XACML to map all privacy provisions.
Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in aqueous humor of cats.

OBJECTIVES To develop Toxoplasma gondii B1 gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for use with aqueous humor of cats, and to report PCR and antibody detection results in naturally exposed cats with and without uveitis. SAMPLE POPULATION Serum and aqueous humor samples from client-owned, healthy cats (n = 23) and client-owned cats with uveitis (n = 43). PROCEDURE T gondii-specific IgM and IgG were measured in serum and aqueous humor from all cats. The Goldman-Witmer coefficient for ocular antibody production was calculated for cats positive for T gondii-specific IgM or IgG in aqueous humor. Aqueous humor from all cats was assessed by the B1 gene PCR. RESULTS T gondii was detected in aqueous humor by PCR from 2 of 23 (8.7%) healthy cats and 8 of 43 (18.6%) cats with uveitis. T gondii-specific IgM in either serum or aqueous humor was detected in 5 of 8 (62.5%) cats with uveitis and T gondii in aqueous humor. All cats with uveitis and T gondii in aqueous humor had anterior segment disease. In 5 of 8 (62.5%) cats with uveitis and T gondii in aqueous humor, ocular production of T gondii antibodies was not detected. T gondii was not detected in aqueous humor from 14 of 17 (82.4%) cats with ocular production of T gondii-specific antibody. CONCLUSIONS The presence of T gondii in aqueous humor may correlate to clinical disease in some, but not all, cats. CLINICAL RELEVANCE T gondii-specific aqueous humor antibody tests and PCR should be used together to aid in the diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis in cats.
Multiresolution based on View-Dependent Progressive Meshes

Despite technological progress the increasing user demands require sophisticated algorithms for rendering and transmitting large 3D models. The key to solving these problems is multiresolution. This article shortly discusses some multiresolution methods developed during the past decade. The recent progressive meshes (PM) approach got much attention because it is very suitable for these requirements. The most important ideas regarding the PM framework are presented. Finally an implementation based on the PM representation is discussed including some modi cations and extensions.
DeepCoder: Learning to Write Programs

We develop a first line of attack for solving programming competition-style problems from input-output examples using deep learning. The approach is to train a neural network to predict properties of the program that generated the outputs from the inputs. We use the neural network’s predictions to augment search techniques from the programming languages community, including enumerative search and an SMT-based solver. Empirically, we show that our approach leads to an order of magnitude speedup over the strong non-augmented baselines and a Recurrent Neural Network approach, and that we are able to solve problems of difficulty comparable to the simplest problems on programming competition websites.
Postbrushing and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy follow‐up and treatment options for patients with pancreatobiliary lesions: The papanicolaou society of cytopathology guidelines

The papanicolaou society of cytopathology (PSC) has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy, techniques of EUS‐FNA, terminology and nomenclature for pancreatobiliary cytology, ancillary testing, and postprocedure management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings over an 18 month period and synthesis of online comments of the draft document on the PSC web site [www.papsociety. org]. This document selectively presents the results of these discussions and focuses on the follow‐up and treatment options for patients after procedures performed for obtaining cytology samples for the evaluation of biliary strictures and solid and cystic masses in the pancreas. These recommendations follow the six‐tiered terminology and nomenclature scheme proposed by Committee III. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:363–371. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling Pickering Emulsion Destabilisation: A Route to Fabricating New Materials by Phase Inversion

The aim of this paper is to review the key findings about how particle-stabilised (or Pickering) emulsions respond to stress and break down. Over the last ten years, new insights have been gained into how particles attached to droplet (and bubble) surfaces alter the destabilisation mechanisms in emulsions. The conditions under which chemical demulsifiers displace, or detach, particles from the interface were established. Mass transfer between drops and the continuous phase was shown to disrupt the layers of particles attached to drop surfaces. The criteria for causing coalescence by applying physical stress (shear or compression) to Pickering emulsions were characterised. These findings are being used to design the structures of materials formed by breaking Pickering emulsions.
Using Expectation Maximization to Find Likely Assignments for Solving CSP's

We present a new probabilistic framework for finding likely variable assignments in difficult constraint satisfaction problems. Finding such assignments is key to efficient search, but practical efforts have largely been limited to random guessing and heuristically designed weighting systems. In contrast, we derive a new version of Belief Propagation (BP) using the method of Expectation Maximization (EM). This allows us to differentiate between variables that are strongly biased toward particular values and those that are largely extraneous. Using EM also eliminates the threat of non-convergence associated with regular BP. Theoretically, the derivation exhibits appealing primal/dual semantics. Empirically, it produces an "EMBP"-based heuristic for solving constraint satisfaction problems, as illustrated with respect to the Quasigroup with Holes domain. EMBP outperforms existing techniques for guiding variable and value ordering during backtracking search on this problem.
Calculation of the benchmark duration of shift work associated with the development of impaired glucose metabolism: a 14-year cohort study on 7104 male workers

Objectives The aim of this study was to calculate the benchmark doses (BMD) and their 95% lower confidence boundary (BMDL) for the threshold number of years of shift work associated with a relative increase in haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), an index of glucose metabolism. Methods A 14-year prospective cohort study was conducted in male workers at a Japanese steel company (n=7104) who had received annual health check-ups between 1991 and 2005. The endpoints were either a 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30% increase in HbA1c levels during the observation period, compared to HbA1c at entry to the study. The associations between years of shift work and increases in HbA1c were investigated using pooled logistic regression, adjusted for age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, total serum cholesterol, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, uric acid, drinking habits, smoking habits and habitual exercise. Results The BMDL/BMD for years of shift work were calculated using benchmark responses (BMRs) of 5% or 10% and parameters for duration of shift work and other covariates. Assuming a mean age of 53 years in workers aged 50 years or older, the BMDL/BMD for years of shift work with a BMR of 5% were 17.8/23.9 (≥15%), 15.7/18.7 (≥20%), 18.9/22.7 (≥25%) and 25.2/31.7 (≥30%). With a BMR of 10%, the respective values were 29.5/39.7 (≥15%), 24.3/28.9 (≥20%), 27.3/32.7 (≥25%) and 34.1/42.9 (≥30%). Conclusion These results suggest that special attention should be paid to middle-aged workers whose years of shift work exceeds these threshold times.
Ligand-induced changes in the location of actin, myosin, 95K (alpha- actinin), and 120K protein in amebae of Dictyostelium discoideum

In this study we investigated concanavalin A (Con A) induced changes in the locations of actin, myosin, 120K, and 95K (alpha-actinin) to determine the extent to which actin and myosin are reorganized during capping and the roles that 120K and 95K might play in this reorganization. We observed the location of each protein by indirect immunofluorescence using affinity purified antibodies. Four morphological states were distinguished in vegetative Dictyostelium amebae: ameboid cells before Con A binding, patched cells, capped cells, and ameboid cells with caps. The location of each protein was distinct in ameboid cells both before and after capping Actin and 120K were found in the cell cortex usually associated with surface projections, and myosin and 95K were diffusely distributed. Myosin was excluded from surface projections in ameboid cells. During patching, all four proteins were localized below Con A patches. During capping, actin, myosin, and 95K protein moved with the Con A patches into the cap whereas 120K protein was excluded from the cap. During the late stages of cap formation actin and myosin were progressively lost from the cap, and 120K became concentrated in new actin-filled projections that formed away from the cap. However, 95K remained tightly associated with the cap. Poisoning cells with sodium azide inhibited capping but not patching of ligand. In azide-poisoned cells, myosin and 95K did not co-patch with Con A, whereas copatching of 120K and actin with Con A occurred as usual. Our results support the hypothesis that capping is an actomyosin-mediated motile event that involves a sliding interaction between actin filaments, which are anchored through the membrane to ligand patches, and myosin in the cortex. They are also consistent with a role for 120K in the formation of surface projections by promoting growth and/or cross-linking of actin filaments within projections, and with a role for 95K in regulating actomyosin-mediated contractility, earlier proposals based on the in vitro properties of these two proteins (Condeelis, J., M. Vahey, J. M. Carboni, J. DeMey, S. Ogihara, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:119s-126s).
State Practitioner Insights Into Local Public Health Challenges and Opportunities in Obesity Prevention: a Qualitative Study

Introduction The extent of obesity prevention activities conducted by local health departments (LHDs) varies widely. The purpose of this qualitative study was to characterize how state obesity prevention program directors perceived the role of LHDs in obesity prevention and factors that impact LHDs’ success in obesity prevention. Methods From June 2011 through August 2011, we conducted 28 semistructured interviews with directors of federally funded obesity prevention programs at 22 state and regional health departments. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded, and analyzed to identify recurring themes and key quotations. Results Main themes focused on the roles of LHDs in local policy and environmental change and on the barriers and facilitators to LHD success. The role LHDs play in obesity prevention varied across states but generally reflected governance structure (decentralized vs centralized). Barriers to local prevention efforts included competing priorities, lack of local capacity, siloed public health structures, and a lack of local engagement in policy and environmental change. Structures and processes that facilitated prevention were having state support (eg, resources, technical assistance), dedicated staff, strong communication networks, and a robust community health assessment and planning process. Conclusions These findings provide insight into successful strategies state and local practitioners are using to implement innovative (and evidence-informed) community-based interventions. The change in the nature of obesity prevention requires a rethinking of the state–local relationship, especially in centralized states.
A cycle of Vam7p release from and PtdIns 3-P–dependent rebinding to the yeast vacuole is required for homotypic vacuole fusion

Vacuole fusion requires a coordinated cascade of priming, docking, and fusion. SNARE proteins have been implicated in the fusion itself, although their precise role in the cascade remains unclear. We now report that the vacuolar SNAP-23 homologue Vam7p is a mobile element of the SNARE complex, which moves from an initial association with the cis-SNARE complex via a soluble intermediate to the docking site. Soluble Vam7p is specifically recruited to vacuoles and can rescue a fusion reaction poisoned with antibodies to Vam7p. Both the recombinant Vam7p PX domain and a FYVE domain construct of human Hrs block the recruitment of Vam7p and vacuole fusion, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate is a primary receptor of Vam7p on vacuoles. We propose that the Vam7p cycle is linked to the availability of a lipid domain on yeast vacuoles, which is essential for coordinating the fusion reaction prior to and beyond docking.