Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of 87 T Relay Principles for Overall Differential Protection of Phase Angle Regulating Transformers

The flow of active power needs to be controlled in closely intermeshed networks as the ‘natural’ load flow resulting from the load conditions and existing line impedances is not necessarily the optimal load flow pattern. Another aspect of load flow control is the flexibility. A deregulated energy market requires flexible power system operation to ensure that the electricity supply contracts can be fulfilled. Technically, limitations on power transfer can always be removed by adding new transmission and/or generation capacity. However, FACTS devices are designed to remove such limitations and meet operators’ goals without having to undertake major system investments. One type of FACTS devices which can be used for active power flow control is phase angle regulating transformer. In today’s power system two types of such transformer are used: 1. Phase Angle Regulating Transformers (PAR) [4], [5] are used to control the flow of electric power in a meshed power system. Both the magnitude and the direction of the power flow can be controlled by varying the phase angle shift across such series transformer. Traditionally on-load tap-changers are used to control this angle. Some modern additions to such transformers are possibility for thyristor control and/or connection in series with a controllable capacitor bank. 2. Variable Frequency Transformer (VFT) [7], [8] is based on a combination of hydro generator and a transformer. It consists of a rotary transformer, for continuously controllable phase angle shift, together with a drive system and control, which adjust the angle and speed of the rotary part, to regulate the power flow through the transformer. Such transformer provides a means to control power flow between two asynchronous grids (i.e. two power networks with different frequency). Traditional 87T differential protection has been used for decades for overall differential protection of standard, three-phase power transformers. However use of 87T relays for overall differential protection of phase angle regulating transformers was considered impossible in presently used protective relaying standards and practices. This paper will describe how 87T relay principle can be used for overall differential protection of any three-phase, Phase Angle Regulating Transformer or Variable Frequency Transformer. Such differential protection will be completely balanced for all types of external faults and through load conditions. At the same time it will be able to operate quickly for all internal faults. Such protection scheme will only need external, stand alone current transformers which will also eliminate any need for buried current transformers within the protected power transformer tank, as usually required by presently used protection schemes for phase angle regulating transformers [4], [5], [6]. Inrush stabilization (e.g. 2nd and 5th harmonic blocking) is still required for such 87T differential relay.
High-affinity binding of the regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase to microtubule-associated and other cellular proteins.

Interaction of the regulatory subunit of the type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase (RII) with tissue-specific cellular binding proteins has been demonstrated by two independent methods. Complexes of RII and its binding proteins were isolated on a cAMP analog-Sepharose affinity column, eluted from the column, and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, nitrocellulose blots made from polyacrylamide gels containing samples of tissue extracts or affinity column eluates were treated with sequential overlays of RII, monospecific antibody, and radioiodinated protein A. In bovine cerebrum, specific high-affinity interactions between RII and several binding proteins, including major proteins of 300, 80, and 68 kDa, were recognized by the two methods. The 300-kDa and 68-kDa proteins were identified as microtubule-associated protein 2 (300 kDa) and a protein of lower molecular weight (68 kDa) that copurifies with it. The additional major binding protein of 80 kDa requires further characterization. In addition, several binding proteins distinct from those observed in bovine cerebrum were found in bovine heart. Many of the RII binding proteins from brain and heart served to differing extents as substrates for the purified catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. One hypothesis of the significance of the protein kinase regulatory subunit interaction with cellular binding proteins is that this may control the protein kinase holoenzyme localization and, thereby, define the substrate targets most accessible for phosphorylation by the activated protein kinase catalytic subunit. Alternatively, RII binding to a variety of cellular proteins might regulate their function--i.e., RII could be a regulator for multiple proteins in addition to the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase.
Substrate integrated waveguide slot array antenna for vehicle-mounted continuous wave radar

A vehicle-mounted continuous wave radar slot array antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed in this paper. The antenna is designed with 8 × 12 slot array with tree-shaped power divider. The measurement results show that the E-plane sidelobes of proposed array antenna are less than −25 dB and the H-plane sidelobes are less than −30 dB at the working frequency of 24 GHz. The array antenna is used for speed and range measurement in vehicle-mounted radar system.
Realist randomised controlled trials of development interventions in practice: concrete design suggestions to address the problem of external validity

1 1 – Introduction . 2 2 – A theoretical argument for realist randomised controlled trials . 4 2.1 – The appeal of the randomised controlled trial. 4 2.2 – The problem of external validity . 10 2.3 – „Gold standard‟ thinking . 12 2.4 – Realist randomised controlled trials . 14 2.5 – Critical realist randomised controlled trials . 19 3 – From theory to practice . 22 3.1 – Overcoming inertia . 22 3.2 – Realist randomised controlled trials at the design level . 23 4 – Case study analysis . 29 4.1 – Sampling rationale . 29 4.2 – Case study one: Baird et al. (2012) . 30 4.2.1 – Description . 30 4.2.2 – Causal model . 31 4.2.3 – Testing of the causal model . 31 4.2.4 – Mixed methods integration . 32 4.2.5 – Normative framework . 33 4.2. 6 – External validity and prospects for cumulative contribution . 33 4.3 – Case study two: Haushofer and Shapiro (2013a; 2013b; 2013c) . 35 4.3.1 – Description . 35 4.3.2 – Causal model . 36 4.3. 3 – Testing of the causal model . 37 4.3. 4 – Mixed methods integration . 37 4.3. 5 – Normative framework . 37 4.3. 6 – External validity and prospects for cumulative contribution . 37 5 – Conclusion . 40 References . 41
Smoking behavior of 226 patients with diagnosis of stage IIIA/IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer

There is limited research of smoking cessation following diagnosis of lung cancer. This prospective study assessed cigarette smoking behavior among 226 patients (142 males, 84 females) prior to, at the time of, and after the diagnosis of unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non‐small cell lung cancer and entry into a phase III trial examining combined thoracic radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Their mean ±S.D. age was 62.7±9.4 years and 95.6% were Caucasian. Of 215 patients with a history of cigarette smoking, 69% (148/215) stopped smoking prior to entry in the trial, 9% (20/215) stopped smoking at some point during the course of the trial, 11% (24/215) continued smoking throughout the trial, 7% (16/215) were smoking at baseline but did not report subsequent smoking status, and smoking status at study entry was missing for the remaining patients. The majority of lung cancer patients were able to stop smoking. A notable subset of patients continued smoking despite diagnosis of lung cancer, enrollment in a clinical trial, treatment‐related toxicity, and encouragement from clinicians to stop smoking. Smoking cessation interventions are needed for lung cancer patients who continue to smoke. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Constrained Moving Horizon Estimation Applied to Vehicle Position Estimation

The design of high–performance state estimators for future autonomous vehicles constitutes a challenging task, because of the rising complexity and demand for operational safety. In this application, a vehicle state observer with a focus on the estimation of the quantities position, yaw angle, velocity, and yaw rate, which are necessary for a path following control for an autonomous vehicle, is discussed. The synthesis of the vehicle’s observer model is a trade-off between modelling complexity and performance. To cope with the vehicle still stand situations, the framework provides an automatic event handling functionality. Moreover, by means of an efficient root search algorithm, map-based information on the current road boundaries can be determined. An extended moving horizon state estimation algorithm enables the incorporation of delayed low bandwidth Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements—including out of sequence measurements—as well as the possibility to limit the vehicle position change through the knowledge of the road boundaries. Finally, different moving horizon observer configurations are assessed in a comprehensive case study, which are compared to a conventional extended Kalman filter. These rely on real-world experiment data from vehicle testdrive experiments, which show very promising results for the proposed approach.
Vascular structural and functional alterations before and after the development of hypertension in SHR.

The time-course of the development of vascular and cardiac hypertrophy, as well as of arterial dysfunction, in human and experimental hypertension is still unclear. Moreover, the interrelationships between structural and functional vascular alterations are presently under debate. The aim of this study was to assess the arteriolar wall thickness and left ventricular mass as well as the vascular response to norepinephrine and acetylcholine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), before and after the development of hypertension, as compared to age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Seventeen SHR (4 to 12 weeks old) and 17 WKY were included in the study. Blood pressure was measured noninvasively. After killing the animals, relative left ventricular mass (RLVM) was calculated, and mesenteric arcades were dissected and mounted on a micromyograph. Functional and structural characteristics of the vessels were measured: media thickness (MT), media/lumen ratio (M/L), and wall tension in response to norepinephrine and acetylcholine. At 4 weeks of age, no difference in blood pressure and RLVM between SHR and WKY was detected, but MT and M/L of mesenteric small resistance arteries were significantly greater in SHR. An increased response to norepinephrine was observed in terms of wall tension, but not of active media stress at the two higher norepinephrine concentrations. No difference in the dose-response curve to acetylcholine between SHR and WKY was observed. At 8 and 12 weeks of age systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in SHR; RLVM, MT, and M/L were also higher at this stage. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SOLID ROCKET MOTOR INTERNAL BALLISTICS SIMULATION USING DIFFERENT BURNING RATE MODELS

The burning rate of solid rocket propellants is measured in Crawford bomb and is expressed by Vieille’s law. Actual burning rate in solid motor rocket can be greater or less than the burning rate measured in Crawford bomb. Determination of different impacts on the actual burning rate is a complex task, which includes introduction of several assumptions in order to estimate influence of erosive burning or hump effect on the total burning rate. The realized experimental studies involve determining the burning rate for the PRTF 111 double base propellant and static firings for the S-5K solid rocket motor in S.C. Electromecanica Ploieşti S.A. The developed 0-D internal ballistic module has the capability to provide a high degree of accuracy information on solid rocket motor performances.
Impacts of the 2014 severe drought on the Microcystis bloom in San Francisco Estuary

The increased frequency and intensity of drought with climate change may cause an increase in the magnitude and toxicity of freshwater cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs), including Microcystis blooms, in San Francisco Estuary, California. As the fourth driest year on record in San Francisco Estuary, the 2014 drought provided an opportunity to directly test the impact of severe drought on cyanobacteria blooms in SFE. A field sampling program was conducted between July and December 2014 to sample a suite of physical, chemical, and biological variables at 10 stations in the freshwater and brackish reaches of the estuary. The 2014 Microcystis bloom had the highest biomass and toxin concentration, earliest initiation, and the longest duration, since the blooms began in 1999. Median chlorophyll a concentration increased by 9 and 12 times over previous dry and wet years, respectively. Total microcystin concentration also exceeded that in previous dry and wet years by a factor of 11 and 65, respectively. Cell abundance determined by quantitative PCR indicated the bloom contained multiple potentially toxic cyanobacteria species, toxic Microcystis and relatively high total cyanobacteria abundance. The bloom was associated with extreme nutrient concentrations, including a 20-year high in soluble reactive phosphorus concentration and low to below detection levels of ammonium. Stable isotope analysis suggested the bloom varied with both inorganic and organic nutrient concentration, and used ammonium as the primary nitrogen source. Water temperature was a primary controlling factor for the bloom and was positively correlated with the increase in both total and toxic Microcystis abundance. In addition, the early initiation and persistence of warm water temperature coincided with the increased intensity and duration of the Microcystis bloom from the usual 3 to 4 months to 8 months. Long residence time was also a primary factor controlling the magnitude and persistence of the bloom, and was created by a 66% to 85% reduction in both the water inflow and diversion of water for agriculture during the summer. We concluded that severe drought conditions can lead to a significant increase in the abundance of Microcystis and other cyanobacteria, as well as their associated toxins. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Use of a fluoride channel as a new selection marker for fission yeast plasmids and application to fast genome editing with CRISPR/Cas9

Fission yeast is a powerful model organism that has provided insights into important cellular processes thanks to the ease of its genome editing by homologous recombination. However, creation of strains with a large number of targeted mutations or containing plasmids has been challenging because only a very small number of selection markers is available in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In this paper, we identify two fission yeast fluoride exporter channels (Fex1p and Fex2p) and describe the development of a new strategy using Fex1p as a selection marker for transformants in rich media supplemented with fluoride. To our knowledge this is the first positive selection marker identified in S. pombe that does not use auxotrophy or drug resistance and that can be used for plasmids transformation or genomic integration in rich media. We illustrate the application of our new marker by significantly accelerating the protocol for genome edition using CRISPR/Cas9 in S. pombe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glaucoma Customized , Automated Stimulus Location Choice for Assessment of Visual Field Defects

Citation: Chong LX, McKendrick AM, Ganeshrao SB, Turpin A. Customized, automated stimulus location choice for assessment of visual field defects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:3265–3274. DOI:10.1167/ iovs.13-13761 PURPOSE. To introduce a perimetric algorithm (gradient-oriented automated natural neighbor approach [GOANNA]) that automatically chooses spatial test locations to improve characterization of visual field (VF) loss without increasing test times.
STATE OF THE ART Making sense of financialization

Since the early 2000s, scholars from a variety of disciplines have used the concept of financialization to describe a host of structural changes in the advanced political economies. Studies offinancialization interrogate howan increasingly autonomous realm of global finance has altered the underlying logics of the industrial economy and the inner workings of democratic society. This paper evaluates the insights of more than a decade of scholarship on financialization. Three approaches will be discussed: the emergence of a new regime of accumulation, the ascendency of the shareholder value orientation and the financialization of everyday life. It is argued that a deeper understanding of financialization will lead to a better understanding of organized interests, the politics of thewelfare state, and processesof institutional change.
Outcome Measurement in Adult Auditory Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review of Measures Used in Randomized Controlled Trials

Objectives: This review documented the range and nature of reported outcome measures in the context of adult auditory rehabilitative research. Design: A scoping review conducted as a part of the development of a systematic review of the effect of interventions to improve hearing aid use. The authors searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP; and additional sources for published and unpublished randomized control trials. The date of the search was November 6, 2013. Outcomes were grouped using a framework suggested by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care group. Results: Patient outcomes included adherence to hearing aid use, daily hours of aid use, hearing handicap, hearing aid benefit, quality of life, and communication and psychological outcome. Satisfaction and speech perception were frequent secondary outcomes. There was diversity in measures used to report patient outcomes. Outcome categories other than patient health status and behavior were rarely reported. The timing of outcome measurement was often short term (<12 weeks), with a relative lack of evidence on long-term outcomes (>1 year). Conclusions: This review has highlighted considerable diversity in patient-reported outcome measurements in randomized control trials in the context of adult auditory rehabilitation. In addition, there are gaps in the literature with respect to measurement of other outcome types of potential interest to stakeholders, including policymakers and commissioners. Long-term outcome assessment is rare.
2-Order discrete-time sliding-mode tracking control for DC motor in NCSs with random delay

Acorrding to tracking control of direct current (DC) motor in networked control systems (NCSs) with random delay and considering the controlled plant with disturbance. A 2-order discrete-time sliding-mode trancking control (2-DSMTC) is proposed. Firstly, a new discrete-time sliding-mode function is established on the tracking error and tracking error difference. Then, the 2-DSMTC is designed on the disturbance estimated value as weight factors, Furthermore, the networked predictive control (NPC) algorithm on 2-DSMTC is presented. Finally, a simulation experiment of DC motor verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Evolution of Franchising and Franchise Contracts: Evidence from the United States

This paper briefly summarizes the history and growth of franchising in the United States, and then describes many aspects of the franchising relationship, including how financial terms in franchise contracts have changed over the last quarter century. It also summarizes some other changes that have occurred in franchise contracts as this mode of organization has become more mature. In particular, some sources of franchisor-franchisee conflict have arisen or become more pronounced over time, and contracting practices have evolved to remove, or at least reduce, such conflict. Also, the legal status of some contract clauses has been clarified or challenged by new statutes and court decisions, leading to additional changes in franchise contracts and their terms.
Two different Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemosensory signal transduction complexes localize to cell poles and form and remould in stationary phase

Pseudomonas aeruginosa has sets of sensory genes designated che and che2. The che genes are required for flagella‐mediated chemotaxis. The che2 genes are expressed in the stationary phase of growth and are probably also involved in flagella–mediated behavioural responses. P. aeruginosa also has 26 chemoreceptor genes, six of which are preferentially expressed in stationary phase. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that Che proteins form signal transduction complexes at cell poles throughout growth. Cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)‐tagged McpA, a stationary phase‐expressed chemoreceptor, appeared and colocalized with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)‐tagged CheA when cells entered stationary phase. This indicates that P. aeruginosa chemotaxis protein complexes are subject to remoulding by chemoreceptor proteins that are expressed when cells stop growing. CheA‐CFP and CheY2‐YFP tagged proteins that were coexpressed in the same cell had separate subcellular locations, indicating that Che2 proteins do not enter into direct physical interactions with Che proteins. Che2 protein complex formation required McpB, another stationary phase induced chemoreceptor that is predicted to be soluble. This implies that Che2 complexes have a function that depends on just one chemoreceptor. Our results suggest that motile P. aeruginosa cells have signal transduction systems that are adapted to allow non‐growing cells to sense and respond to their environment differently from actively growing cells.
A Study on Universal Service in Vietnam from an Institutional Perspective

Applying the institutional theory to examine the universal services policy in Vietnam, the paper looked at the institutional factors influencing the formulation and deployment of “the Program on provision of universal service till 2010”. The formulation of universal services policy in Vietnam was remarkably affected by directives of the Communist Party of Vietnam as well as the international commitments that Vietnam participated in. It is of a different feature compared to other countries. Furthermore, the implementation of this Program revealed the loose co-operations between central government (Ministry of Information and Communications MIC) and the department of provincial governments (Departments of Information and Communications DICs) as well as DICs and telecom providers in supervising the implementation of this Program. Consequently, telecom providers overlapped in provision of universal services, and households could get the same subsidies from two or three operators. The outcome of this paper recommends that the central government should emphasize the role of DICs and encourage them to be more involved in the formulation and implementation of universal services policy.