Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Working memory load moderates late attentional bias in social anxiety

The vigilance–avoidance hypothesis suggests that socially anxious individuals attempt to detect signs that they are being evaluated (vigilance) and subsequently direct attention away from such stimuli (avoidance). Although extensive evidence supports vigilance, data concerning subsequent avoidance is equivocal. Drawing from models of attention, the current study hypothesised that working memory load moderates late attentional bias in social anxiety such that avoidance occurs if working memory load is low, and difficulty disengaging attention occurs if working memory load is high. Forty-one undergraduates (19 socially anxious; 22 non-anxious controls) completed a dot-probe task with emotional (happy and disgust) and neutral facial expressions and a concurrent n-back task. Results supported the hypothesis such that socially anxious subjects demonstrated avoidance of disgust faces when working memory load was absent, but had difficulty disengaging attention during high working memory load. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Joint Bidding in Infrastructure Procurement

To utilize public resources efficiently, it is required to take full advantage of competition in public procurement auctions. Joint bidding practices are one of the possible ways of facilitating auction competition. In theory, there are pros and cons. It may enable firms to pool their financial and experiential resources and remove barriers to entry. On the other hand, it may reduce the degree of competition and can be used as a cover for collusive behavior. The paper empirically addresses whether joint bidding is pro- or anti-competitive in Official Development Assistance procurement auctions for infrastructure projects. It reveals the possible risk of relying too much on a foreign bidding coalition and may suggest the necessity of overseeing it. The data reveal no strong evidence that joint bidding practices are compatible with competition policy, except for a few cases. In road procurements, coalitional bidding involving both local and foreign firms has been found pro-competitive. In the water and sewage sector, local joint bidding may be useful to draw out better offers from potential contractors. Joint bidding composed of only foreign companies is mostly considered anti-competitive.
The Impact of Board Diversity on Boards' Monitoring Intensity and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Istanbul Stock Exchange

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of board diversity on the financial performance of the ISE-100 index firms traded in the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). We use gender and generation differences as observable attributes and directors’ educational and nationality backgrounds as proxies of non-observable attributes of values, beliefs, skills and competencies. We combine these different diversity indicators with "independence" through a diversity index, to account for the critical mass of diverse opinions needed for critical inquiry. We use market-to-book ratio and Tobin’s Q as our market based and return on equity as our accounting based measures of performance. Second, to understand the process by which board diversity affects firm performance, we focus on the relationship between board diversity and the board’s monitoring intensity, on the one hand, and monitoring intensity and firm performance, on the other. We define a board’s monitoring intensity as a composite mediating variable consisting of the number of board meetings, the number of board committees, auditing and financial reporting quality of the firm and its disclosure intensity. We find a positive relationship between board diversity and performance and board diversity and board monitoring intensity. Furthermore, not only does monitoring intensity impact performance, but it also decreases the explanatory power of most of our board diversity measures when it enters the model in the diversity-performance estimations. Overall, our results suggest that diverse boards are better monitors, mitigating agency conflict and enhancing firm performance. We expect that the findings would be of interest for researchers, investors, shareholders, boards, and regulators.
High-Mobility In0.23Ga0.77As Channel MOSFETs Grown on Ge/Si Virtual Substrate by MOCVD

We report high-mobility In0.23Ga0. 77As channel MOSFETs grown on Ge/Si virtual substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition for the first time. Through a low-temperature GaAs nucleation layer on Ge surface, a high-quality III-V MOSFET structure is obtained, with its etch pit density of 1.5 × 105 cm-2. The maximum effective mobility is up to 1880 cm2/Vs, extracted by the split C-V method. The highest ON-current to the lowest OFF-current (ION/IOFF) ratio of ~2000 has been obtained. The 8-μm channel-length devices exhibit a drain current of 60 mA/mm and a peak extrinsic transconductance of 20 mS/mm. These results indicate that the high-mobility III-V nMOSFETs on Si substrate can be realized and even used to act as nMOSFETs for the fabrication of future CMOS.
Istota relacji sieciowych przedsiębiorstwa

Przedstawiono zagadnienie istoty sieci przedsiębiorstwa, zwanej także przedsiębiorstwem poszerzonym. Zwięźle omówiono badania nad współdziałaniem przedsiębiorstw, a następnie przybliżono takie problemy jak: wymiana w ramach relacji, zaangażowanie w relację oraz wzajemność relacji jako cechy specyficzne relacji sieciowych przedsiębiorstwa.
Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for imatinib mesylate therapy in osteosarcoma

The purpose of this review was to determine whether imatinib mesylate (STI571, Gleevec) has a role in the treatment of osteosarcoma. The expression of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor and its ligand was examined in a panel of surgical specimens obtained from 54 osteosarcoma patients, and then the expression was compared with prognosis. The effects of imatinib mesylate on growth and molecular events in 10 patient‐derived osteosarcoma cell cultures were investigated. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated frequent expression of PDGF‐AA (80.4%) and PDGF‐α receptor (79.6%) and their correlation with inferior event‐free survival (P < .05). PDGF‐B–B and PDGF‐β–receptor expressions were also frequent (75.4% and 86%, respectively); however, statistically significant inferior event‐free survival was not demonstrated (P = .15). In vitro studies demonstrated that imatinib mesylate had a variable cytotoxic effect on various osteosarcoma primary cultures, with an IC50 of 5.6 μM to 9.5 μM, and blocked the PDGF‐induced intracellular signal transduction as well as inhibition of downstream Akt phosphorylation. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) was constitutively activated despite PDGF stimulation and imatinib mesylate treatment in 7 of 10 osteosarcoma cultures, perhaps explaining uncontrolled proliferation and relative unresponsiveness to imatinib. Imatinib mesylate could not be viewed as having a role as a single agent at current conventional doses for the treatment of osteosarcoma. These findings predicted activity in osteosarcoma clinical trials and suggested that in vitro model systems predict clinical behavior and that PDGF and its receptor expression could potentially be used for determining prognosis of osteosarcoma. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Recognition of Transitional Action for Short-Term Action Prediction using Discriminative Temporal CNN Feature

Herein, we address transitional actions class as a class between actions. Transitional actions should be useful for producing short-term action predictions while an action is transitive. However, transitional action recognition is difficult because actions and transitional actions partially overlap each other. To deal with this issue, we propose a subtle motion descriptor (SMD) that identifies the sensitive differences between actions and transitional actions. The two primary contributions in this paper are as follows: (i) defining transitional actions for short-term action predictions that permit earlier predictions than early action recognition, and (ii) utilizing convolutional neural network (CNN) based SMD to present a clear distinction between actions and transitional actions.Using three different datasets, we will show that our proposed approach produces better results than do other state-of-the-art models. The experimental results clearly show the recognition performance effectiveness of our proposed model, as well as its ability to comprehend temporal motion in transitional actions.
Preliminary observations of global ocean mass variations with GRACE

Monthly estimates of the Earth's gravitational field from the GRACE mission are used to construct a time‐series of global mean ocean mass variations between August 2002 and December 2003. This time‐series is compared to a mean climatology determined from satellite altimeter measurements of global mean sea level corrected for the steric variation. The GRACE observations show a seasonal exchange of water mass with the continents of the same magnitude (∼8.5 mm) and phase (maximum in early‐ to mid‐October) as the steric‐corrected altimetry. This is one of the first direct validations over the ocean of the primary GRACE science mission to measure time‐variable transports of water mass in the Earth system, and it suggests that GRACE data can be used to measure non‐steric mean sea level variations which is important for climate change studies.
Banking Regulation and Supervision, and the Output Cost of Systemic Banking Crises in Developed and Emerging Countries

Recessions associated with banking crises are deeper and longer than other recessions. While banking crises are often believed to reflect defects in regulation and supervision, regulatory and supervisory frameworks may also determine the shape of subsequent recoveries. Combining new databases covering 147 banking crises between 1970-2011 and banking regulation in 180 countries, this study investigates the relationship between output losses following systemic banking crises, and banking regulation and supervision. Our main finding shows that the presence of highly independent supervisors is associated with more severe crises. We also found that higher restrictions on financial conglomerates reduce the severity of crises in several specifications. Finally, we found evidence suggesting that the same regulatory and supervisory frameworks are associated with different outcomes in different levels of economic development.
Reproducibility and operationality in bilateral teleoperation

There are many works about bilateral teleoperation. However, good touch sense of remote object has not been realized in actual system yet. In this paper, the goals of bilateral teleoperation are considered as following two points. One is a reproduction of environmental impedance in master side. The other is a realization of small operational force. Operational force means the force the operator feels in addition to real environmental force. Corresponding to these goals, novel evaluation indices are defined which are named "reproducibility" and "operationality", respectively. Moreover, control stability must be satisfied. After all, bilateral teleoperation must satisfy three conditions such as reproducibility, operationality and stability. Using defined evaluation indices, bilateral controller is designed. Through analysis, it is confirmed that the three desired conditions in bilateral teleoperation are well satisfied with this controller. The effectiveness of this research is demonstrated by an experiment with bilateral forceps robot.
Event-based optimization with lagged state information

Event-based optimization (EBO) has provided a general framework for many control, decision-making, and optimization problems, where the actions can be taken only when certain events occur. In many large-scale networked systems, the sensors periodically report the system state to a remote center. The long-distant wireless communication usually suffers from random or deterministic delay. It is thus of great practical interest to understand how to solve EBO with such lagged state information. We consider this important problem in this paper, and make the following major contributions. First, we mathematically formulate finite-stage EBO with lagged state information (EBOLSI). Second, we prove that such an EBOLSI can be converted to a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) with lagged state information. Then existing exact and approximate solution methods can be applied. Third, we use numerical experiments on evacuation problems to demonstrate the impact of information delay on the performance of the simulation-based policy improvement method in EBOLSI. We hope this work sheds insight on EBOLSI in more general situations.
Corporate Policies in a World with Information Asymmetry

A corporate manager typically oversees several ongoing projects and has the opportunity to invest in new projects that add wealth to the stockholders. Such new projects include expanding the corporation's existing business, entering into a new line of business, acquiring another business, and so on. If the firm does not have sufficient internal capital (cash) to finance the initial investment, the manager must enter into a transaction with outside investors to raise additional funds. In this situation, the manager of a public corporation faces two key decisions: Should he transact with outside investors and raise the necessary capital to invest in the project? The answer to this question determines the firm's investment policy. If the manager decides to raise external capital how should the investment be financed — with debt, with equity, or with some other security? The answer determines the firm's financing policy. Modern corporate finance theory, originating with the seminal work of Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani, has demonstrated that these decisions depend on the information that the manager and investors have about the firm's future cash flows. In this book, the authors examine these decisions by assuming that the manager has private information about the firm's future cash flows. They provide a unified framework that yields new theoretical insights and explains many empirical anomalies documented in the literature.
Predictive voltage control of three-phase voltage source inverters to supply nonlinear and unbalanced loads

In this paper, model predictive control is applied to control a three-phase inverter. Model predictive control (MPC) is known for its simplicity and ease of use. The discussed inverter is generating pure sinusoidal voltages for sensitive applications such as uninterruptable power supply systems with low voltage total harmonic distortion (THD) demand. This method uses the model of the system to predict the behavior of the voltage on the next sampling interval for each possible switching state. A cost function is also used to decide which switching state to be applied based on minimizing the voltage deviations from the reference value and switching losses. Simulations have been done using PSCAD/MATLAB interfacing and results show the feasibility of MPC to control inverters feeding linear, nonlinear or unbalanced loads.
Penentuan Struktur Modal Optimal Pada Perusahaan Sektor Properti, Real Estate, dan Kontruksi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal capital structure of property, real estate, and construction companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The motivation of this study is due to the current research results are still not able to answer whether the optimal capital structure exists. Based on trade-off theory, the optimal capital structure occurs when a company has a minimum capital cost. However, it is not explained how much capital structure needed to achieve the company maximum value. In addition, this sample business sector is chosen because there are a numeours firms with an adequate long-term debt which make it possible to examine their capital structure. The method used are the nonlinear regression and Monte Carlo simulation method. These methods were chosen because the formulation of optimal capital structure is arguably complex. There are 47 samples from all property, real estate, and construction companies. The data set covered 11 years ie (2000-2010). The results showed that the optimal capital structure of properties, real estate and construction companies which are measured by the ratio between the long-term debt and equity is 0.99. Most companies of these sectors have not reached the optimal capital structure yet because the average results from these companies are 0.31. Keywords : Struktur Modal, Nilai Perusahaan, Utang Jangka Panjang
An Edge Directed Image Interpolation Technique Based on Wavelet Preprocessing

Resizing an image is an important technique in image processing. When increasing the size of the image, some details of the image are smeared or blurred with common interpolation techniques, such as bilinear interpolation. Edges do not appear as sharp as the original image. In this paper, we present an approach that performs interpolation in the direction of the edges, rather than just horizontal and vertical direction. A wavelet preprocessing is used to extract edge direction information before performing interpolation in multiple directions.
Reflections on relationship marketing in consumer markets

ConclusionThe article by S&P is a landmark in the evolution of relationship marketing concepts. Much of what has been done in the past has addressed narrow aspects of relationship marketing or else has taken for granted the meaning of marketing relationships. S&P set the agenda for future work and give us many provocative ideas for pursuing relationship marketing topics. Their synthesis and integration of ideas from disparate literatures and their proposal for the underlying motivation for entering marketing relationships do much to delineate the direction researchers should take in the future. Before we go too far down any one path, however, we should redouble our efforts to specify exactly what is a marketing relationship. Then we would have the foundation to follow the path so eloquently forged by Jagdish Sheth and Atul Parvatiyar.
Is Small and Independent Board a Better Board? An Example of High-Tech Industries

This paper examines board structure and the effect of board size and composition on firm value for firms in high technology industries for the period 1995-2008. I find that high-tech firms, generally characterized by asymmetric information and growth opportunities, have board sizes 2.9% smaller and a proportion of insiders 1.7% higher than non-high tech firms. Using Tobin’s Q as a measure of firm value, I document that Tobin’s Q is increasing in board size for high-tech firms. This result is consistent with the argument that transaction costs, such as political pressure from regulators and institutional investors, as well as listing requirements set by the SEC and major stock exchanges, may impede board upsizing for high-tech firms. My findings indicate that a uniform “one size fits all” reform of corporate boards may impair board effectiveness in some types of firms.
Beyond Relationship Quality: Examining Relationship Management Effectiveness

Researchers have identified various factors that facilitate strong relationships, but approaches used to assess relationship quality do not do justice to the vast literature on relationship marketing. The lack of a comprehensive approach to assess the quality of relationships drives us to propose a "relationship assessment approach. " This approach can (1) diagnose how well an organization is doing in managing its relationships in situations where an entity is managing a large number of relationships and (2) identify where corrective actions could be taken to strengthen the relationship. A structural equation-based model is tested using survey data from the Korean fast-food industry. Results suggest that the approach allows one to assess the competence of an entity in maintaining relationships with partner firms and identifies areas where the party could take corrective action to improve relationship quality.
Corporate governance, investment bandwagons and overcapacity: An analysis of the worldwide petrochemical industry, 1975-95

Previous research has provided conflicting arguments and evidence on which corporate governance system—bank based or market based—is better in preventing managers from investing in value-destroying projects. This paper attempts to further the debate by comparing the effect of these different corporate governance systems on preventing capacity expansion bandwagon behavior in the worldwide petrochemical industry in the period 1975–95. Our study shows, first, that neither system is particularly effective in curbing overinvestment; however, the market-based system seems to be less ineffective than the bank-based system. Second, free cash flow appears to drive greater bandwagon behavior in the market-based system than in the bank-based system. Finally, within the bank-based system, companies that rely on one bank–shareholder are more likely to join the bandwagon than those with more than one. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.