Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Financial and Economic Crises on the Performance Indicators of Copper Mining Enterprises

The article establishes and characterizes the direction and power of the influence of the cyclical nature of the economy and economic shocks on the performance of activities (characterized by the amount of revenue of companies) of the copper industry. To achieve this purpose the authors solved the following tasks: revealed the cyclical nature of the development of the Russian economy periods of recessions (financial and economic crises) and booms using the Hodrick-Prescott filter (HP-filter); analyzed the cyclical nature of the corporate economy of the copper industry enterprises using HP-filter and quarterly data of financial statements of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and Uralelectromed JSC from the 1st quarter of 2008 to the 3rd quarter of 2017; determined the power and direction of the influence of indicators of the development of the Russian economy on the performance indicators of the copper industry enterprises, using the results of econometric analysis; interpreted the results of the economic-statistical model.When writing the work the authors used methods of comparative analysis and synthesis of information obtained from various sources. A content analysis of analytical materials from the recent leading domestic and foreign publications has been conducted. The cyclical development of the economy (identification of the financial and economic crisis) was evaluated using the HodrickPrescott-method. Statistical data was analyzed (panel data of the enterprises of PJSC MMC Norilsk Nickel and JSC Uralelectromed from Q1 2008 to Q3 2017), and based on the analysis a regression model estimated using the least squares method was compiled. The study concluded that, despite the export orientation of copper industry products — copper cathodes, copper powder, etc. — external state economic shocks directly affect the business performance of copper companies. The findings of the presented work can be applied by the management of metallurgical holdings and individual enterprises of the copper industry for the purpose of theoretical substantiation of corporate development programs, as well as regional executive authorities to identify ways to increase the investment attractiveness of the region. Keywords— economic shocks; business performance; copper industry; Least Squares Method; regression analysis; economicstatistical modeling; Hodrick-Prescott filter.
The use of the New york heart association's classification of cardiovascular disease as part of the patient's complete problem list

This paper extols the value of combining two systems in order to improve learning, teaching, communication, patient care, and clinical research in patients with heart disease. This is accomplished by using Weed's recommendation regarding the creation of a complete Problem List and, within this context, characterizing the cardiac or vascular problem according to the recommendations of the New York Heart Association.
A survival condition model of earthen sites based on the danger theory

Wireless sensor network can provide long-term and real-time data support to earthen sites preventive conservation. The knowledge obtained from the monitoring data could provide decision supports for earthen sites preventive conservation. How to solve missing, faults and systematic errors has been an urgent problem for the improvement of data quality. And it is also imperative to obtain the scientific laws between existing environment and survival conditions of earthen sites. At first, the methods of data cleaning are studied with the comparison analysis among average method, Bayes method and regression model via defining the evaluation criterion of data quality in this paper. Then the common norms between environment conditions and survival conditions of earthen sites are analyzed and summarized. And the danger theory of immune systems is used as immune factors to build survival model. From the processing of monitoring data of Daming Palace soil sample, results show that regression model method has the highest completion accuracy rate among three methods. Cracks growth conditions and stress tolerance also verify the certain accuracy rate of survival condition model.
FDTD analysis of human body-core temperature elevation due to RF far-field energy prescribed in the ICNIRP guidelines

This study investigated the relationship between the specific absorption rate and temperature elevation in an anatomically-based model named NORMAN for exposure to radio-frequency far fields in the ICNIRP guidelines (1998 Health Phys. 74 494–522). The finite-difference time-domain method is used for analyzing the electromagnetic absorption and temperature elevation in NORMAN. In order to consider the variability of human thermoregulation, parameters for sweating are derived and incorporated into a conventional sweating formula. First, we investigated the effect of blood temperature variation modeling on body-core temperature. The computational results show that the modeling of blood temperature variation was the dominant factor influencing the body-core temperature. This is because the temperature in the inner tissues is elevated via the circulation of blood whose temperature was elevated due to EM absorption. Even at different frequencies, the body-core temperature elevation at an identical whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) was almost the same, suggesting the effectiveness of the whole-body average SAR as a measure in the ICNIRP guidelines. Next, we discussed the effect of sweating on the temperature elevation and thermal time constant of blood. The variability of temperature elevation caused by the sweating rate was found to be 30%. The blood temperature elevation at the basic restriction in the ICNIRP guidelines of 0.4 W kg−1 is 0.25 °C even for a low sweating rate. The thermal time constant of blood temperature elevation was 23 min and 52 min for a man with a lower and a higher sweating rate, respectively, which is longer than the average time of the SAR in the ICNIRP guidelines. Thus, the whole-body average SAR required for blood temperature elevation of 1 °C was 4.5 W kg−1 in the model of a human with the lower sweating coefficients for 60 min exposure. From a comparison of this value with the basic restriction in the ICNIRP guidelines of 0.4 W kg−1, the safety factor was 11.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 Activates the JNK Pathway through Its Extreme C Terminus via a Mechanism Involving TRADD and TRAF2

ABSTRACT The transforming Epstein-Barr virus-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) activates signalling on the NF-κB axis through two distinct domains in its cytoplasmic C terminus, namely, CTAR1 (amino acids [aa] 187 to 231) and CTAR2 (aa 351 to 386). The ability of CTAR1 to activate NF-κB appears to be attributable to the direct interaction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), while recent work indicates that CTAR2-induced NF-κB is mediated through its association with TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD). LMP1 expression also results in activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (also known as stress-activated protein kinase) cascade, an effect which is mediated exclusively through CTAR2 and can be dissociated from NF-κB induction. The organization and signalling components involved in LMP1-induced JNK activation are not known. In this study we have dissected the extreme C terminus of LMP1 and have identified the last 8 aa of the protein (aa 378 to 386) as being important for JNK signalling. Using a series of fine mutants in which single amino acids between codons 379 and 386 were changed to glycine, we have found that mutations of Pro379, Glu381, Ser383, or Tyr384 diminish the ability of LMP1 CTAR2 to engage JNK signalling. Interestingly, this region was also found to be essential for CTAR2-mediated NF-κB induction and coincides with the LMP1 amino acid sequences shown to bind TRADD. Furthermore, we have found that LMP1-mediated JNK activation is synergistically augmented by low levels of TRADD expression, suggesting that this adapter protein is critical for LMP1 signalling. TRAF2 is known to associate with TRADD, and expression of a dominant-negative N-terminal deletion TRAF2 mutant was found to partially inhibit LMP1-induced JNK activation in 293 cells. In addition, the TRAF2-interacting protein A20 blocked both LMP1-induced JNK and NF-κB activation, further implicating TRAF2 in these phenomena. While expression of a kinase-inactive mutated NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase which also associates with TRAF2, impaired LMP1 signalling on the NF-κB axis, it did not inhibit LMP1-induced JNK activation, suggesting that these two pathways may bifurcate at the level of TRAF2. These data further define a role for TRADD and TRAF2 in JNK activation and confirm that LMP1 utilizes signalling mechanisms used by the TNF receptor/CD40 family to elicit its pleiotropic activities.
Identification of Candida albicans Genes that Induce Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Adhesion and Morphogenesis

Morphogenesis and adhesion to host tissues and medical devices contribute to the virulence of Candida albicans, the most common fungal pathogen isolated from humans. However, identification of molecular mechanisms of C. albicans adhesion and morphogenesis has been impaired by the lack of effective molecular and genetic tools available for this organism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides an attractive model system for studying C. albicans adhesion and morphogenesis because of its well‐characterized genetics and gene expression systems. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms of C. albicans adhesion and morphogenesis, we used a parallel plate flow chamber to screen and quantitatively characterize attachment to polystyrene of an adhesion‐deficient nonfilamentous flo8Δ S. cerevisiae strain expressing a C. albicans genomic library. We identified six C. albicans genes that are capable of promoting cell adhesion and pseudohyphal development in S. cerevisiae. We also analyzed the ability of these adhesion‐promoting genes to regulate the expression of FLO11,which encodes an endogenous S. cerevisiaeadhesin. One C. albicansgene, EAP1, appears to directly mediate adhesion and morphogenesis while the remaining five (EAP2, SWI1, MSB1, AAF1, and TEC1) upregulate expression of endogenous S. cerevisiae adhesins. These results suggest that S. cerevisiaeis a useful system for molecular characterization of factors that regulate C. albicansadhesion and morphogenesis and that parallel plate flow chamber‐based adhesion assays can be used in conjunction with genetic screens to identify molecular mechanisms regulating fungal cell adhesion.
High Q CMOS-MEMS resonators and its applications as RF tunable band-pass filters

Clamped-clamped beam resonators are designed and fabricated in a 0. 35µm CMOS commercial technology, using a simple one-step mask-less wet etching to release the MEMS structures. The resonator, with a 22MHz resonance frequency shows a Q value of 227 and 4400, when measured at atmospheric pressure and vacuum, respectively. This resonator is used as the main building block for filtering application. Using parallel filtering and differential on-chip CMOS amplification, the RF-CMOS-MEMS system forms a tunable band-pass filter with programmable bandwidth (from 100kHz to 200kHz), stop band rejections of 30 dB and shape factors at −20dB smaller than 3, providing comparable performance than other MEMS filters using specific technologies.
Liver Metastases Arising from Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms Demonstrate Increased VEGF-C Expression

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs) are uncommon, generally well-differentiated neoplasms that demonstrate prominent endocrine differentiation. Although the majority of PENs remain localized, malignant spread may occur via lymphatic or hematogenous routes. Angiogenic growth factors, including the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, have been implicated in new vessel growth and hematogenous metastases, although this has not been studied in PENs. We therefore examined 19 primary well-differentiated PENs and 7 liver metastases to determine the expression of VEGF-A and its family member VEGF-C by immunolabeling analysis. VEGF-A immunoreactivity was evident only in scattered cells throughout all lesions. VEGF-C, however, demonstrated low-to-moderate expression in primary PENs by semiquantitative histoscore analysis (factor of labeling intensity by percentage of positive cells), with significantly increased expression in liver metastases (mean histoscore indices: primary PEN, 4.7 versus liver metastases, 9.5; Student’s t test; P = .002773). Microvascular density of primary PENs and liver metastases did not appear to linearly correlate with VEGF-C expression. Examination of the VEGF-C-specific receptors VEGFR-2/KDR/Flk-1 and VEGFR-3/Flt-4 demonstrated intense endothelial immunoreactivity for VEGFR-2, as well as VEGFR-2 and -3 expression on the majority of neoplastic cells, suggesting a possible role in autocrine/paracrine neoplastic growth regulation. We postulate that the upregulation of VEGF-C may be involved in PEN progression and metastases, although not via a direct proangiogenic mechanism.
Subtypes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in nicotine reward, dependence, and withdrawal: evidence from genetically modified mice

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) can regulate the activity of many neurotransmitter pathways throughout the central nervous system and are considered to be important modulators of cognition and emotion. nAChRs are also the primary site of action in the brain for nicotine, the major addictive component of tobacco smoke. nAChRs consist of five membrane-spanning subunits (&agr; and &bgr; isoforms) that can associate in various combinations to form functional nAChR ion channels. Owing to a dearth of nAChR subtype-selective ligands, the precise subunit composition of the nAChRs that regulate the rewarding effects of nicotine and the development of nicotine dependence are unknown. The advent of mice with genetic nAChR subunit modifications, however, has provided a useful experimental approach to assess the contribution of individual subunits in vivo. Here, we review data generated from nAChR subunit knockout and genetically modified mice supporting a role for discrete nAChR subunits in nicotine reinforcement and dependence processes. Importantly, the rates of tobacco dependence are far higher in patients suffering from comorbid psychiatric illnesses compared with the general population, which may at least partly reflect disease-associated alterations in nAChR signaling. An understanding of the role of nAChRs in psychiatric disorders associated with high rates of tobacco addiction, therefore, may reveal novel insights into mechanisms of nicotine dependence. Thus, we also briefly review data generated from genetically modified mice to support a role for discrete nAChR subunits in anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia.
RNA Silencing Identifies PDE4D5 as the Functionally Relevant cAMP Phosphodiesterase Interacting with βArrestin to Control the Protein Kinase A/AKAP79-mediated Switching of the β2-Adrenergic Receptor to Activation of ERK in HEK293B2 Cells*

PDE4B and PDE4D provide >90% of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase activity in human embryonic kidney (HEK293B2) cells. Their selective small interference RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown potentiates isoprenaline-stimulated protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Whereas endogenous PDE4D co-immunoprecipitates with βarrestin, endogenous PDE4B does not, even upon PDE4D knockdown. Ectopic overexpression of PDE4B2 confers co-immunoprecipitation with βarrestin. Knockdown of PDE4D, but not PDE4B, amplifies isoprenaline-stimulated phosphorylation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) by PKA and activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) through Gi. Isoform-selective knockdown identifies PDE4D5 as the functionally important species regulating isoprenaline stimulation of both these processes. Ht31-mediated disruption of the tethering of PKA to AKAP scaffold proteins attenuates isoprenaline activation of ERK, even upon PDE4D knockdown. Selective siRNA-mediated knockdown identifies AKAP79, which is constitutively associated with the β2-AR, rather than isoprenaline-recruited gravin, as being the functionally relevant AKAP in this process. Isoprenaline-stimulated membrane recruitment of PDE4D is ablated uponβarrestin knockdown. A mutation that compromises interactions with βarrestin prevents catalytically inactive PDE4D5 from performing a dominant negative role in potentiating isoprenaline-stimulated ERK activation. βarrestin-recruited PDE4D5 desensitizes isoprenaline-stimulated PKA phosphorylation of the β2-AR and the consequential switching of its signaling to ERK. The ability to observe a cellular phenotype upon PDE4D5 knockdown demonstrates that other PDE4 isoforms, expressed at endogenous levels, are unable to afford rescue in HEK293B2 cells.
Thrombosis risk modification in transgenic mice containing the human fibrinogen thrombin‐binding γ′ chain sequence

Summary. Background and objectives: Thrombin binding activity in murine fibrin (Antithrombin I) is restricted to its E domains inasmuch as murine γ′ chains (mu‐γ′) do not bind thrombin. This feature prompted us to produce a ‘gain‐of‐function’ transgenic mouse in which the wild‐type (WT) C‐terminal mu‐γ′ chain fibrinogen sequence had been replaced with the C‐terminal thrombin‐binding human γ′ sequence. Results: This procedure resulted in a murine fibrinogen species containing chimeric hu‐γ′ chains (hu‐γ′ fibrinogen). As anticipated, thrombin bound to WT fibrin at a single class of sites, whereas thrombin binding to heterodimeric hu‐γ′‐containing fibrin was increased, reflecting its content of hu‐γ′ chains. In an electrolytically‐induced femoral vein thrombosis injury model, we found no differences in the volume of thrombus generation between WT and heterozygous hu‐γ′ mice. However, heterozygous factor (F) V Leiden (FVL+/−) mice developed greater thrombus volumes than did WT controls (P < 0.01). In doubly heterozygous FVL+/−, hu‐γ′ mice, thrombus formation was reduced to WT levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Murine hu‐γ′ fibrinogen down‐regulates venous thrombosis in the presence of another known thrombosis risk factor, FV Leiden. This finding indicates that hu‐γ′ chain‐containing fibrinogen is a thrombosis risk modifier.
Age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in very low birth weight preterm infants with normal motor development at 2 years

Aims: The aims of this study is to (i) determine the age of sitting unsupported and independent walking in preterm infants with birth weight under 1500 g (very low birth weight, VLBW); (ii) estimate differences between VLBW children and a reference population and (iii) estimate the association between clinical characteristics and late age at sitting and walking.
SIRT7 Exhibits Oncogenic Potential in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells.

BACKGROUND Sirtuin7 (SIRT7) is a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized form (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase and the least understood member of the sirtuins family; it is implicated in various processes, such as aging, DNA damage repair and cell signaling transduction. There is some evidence that SIRT7 may function as a tumor trigger for human malignancy. Here, we aimed to explore the biological function of SIRT7 in ovarian carcinoma cells and its potential mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of SIRT7 in ovarian cancer cell lines was detected by western blotting. Transduced cell lines with SIRT7 knockdown or overexpression were constructed. Cell viability, cologenic, apoptosis-associated and motility assays were performed to elucidate the biological function of SIRT7 in ovarian cancer cells. RESULTS SIRT7 demonstrated a higher level in ovarian cancer cell lines compared with normal cells. On the one hand, down-regulation of SIRT7 significantly reduced ovarian cancer cell growth, repressed colony formation and increased cancer cell apoptosis; on the other hand, up-regulation promoted the migration of cancer cells. Additionally, repression of SIRT7 also induced change in apoptosis-related molecules and subunits of the NF-κB family. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, our data indicated that SIRT7 might play a role of oncogene in ovarian malignancy and be a potential therapeutic target.
The impact of tourism on deficit in balance of payments of Pakistan: an application of bounds testing approach to cointegration

ABSTRACT The current study is intended to analyze the long-run relationship between deficit in balance of payments (BOPs) and tourism for the period of 1976–2015 using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The findings of the paper exposed an indirect relationship between tourism and BOP deficit in the context of Pakistan economy, while deficit balance of trade, real effective exchange rate, and deficit in fiscal balance have a positive and significant association with the deficit in the BOPs in the long run. Based on the findings, it is recommended that policies should be devised that promote the tourism industry of Pakistan as it would be helpful in reducing the deficit in the BOPs.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: a novel predictor for short‐term prognosis in acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure

Acute‐on‐chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACHBLF) has a poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. The role of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which reflects the inflammatory status of the patient before treatment, has never been studied in this setting. To investigate the predictive value of NLR in patients with ACHBLF, a retrospective cohort with 216 patients and a prospective validation cohort with 73 patients were recruited. Multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin (TBIL), NLR, age and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score had prognostic significance for survival. Both NLR (0.781) and MELD score (0.744) had higher ROC curves, which differed significantly from those for age (0.615) and TBIL (0.691), but not from each other (P = 0.94). NLR ≤2.36 predicted lower mortality (with 91.6% sensitivity and 86.0% negative predictive value), and NLR >6.12 was a warning sign for higher mortality risk (with 90.1% specificity and 80.3% positive predictive value). These results demonstrated that pretreatment NLR was associated with the prognosis of patients with ACHBLF, and elevated NLR predicted poor outcome within 8 weeks. We suggest that NLR cut‐offs of ≤2.36 and >6.12 are powerful markers for predicting mortality in ACHBLF.
Misdiagnosed HIV infection in pregnant women initiating universal ART in South Africa

Introduction: Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are the primary diagnostic tools for HIV used in resource‐constrained settings. Without a proper confirmation algorithm, there is concern that false‐positive (FP) RDTs could result in misdiagnosis of HIV infection and inappropriate antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation, but programmatic data on FP are few.