Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do the Powerful Discount the Future Less? The Effects of Power on Temporal Discounting

Individuals have the tendency to discount rewards in the future, known as temporal discounting, and we find that sense of power (the felt capacity to influence the thinking and behavior of others) reduces such tendency. In Studies 1 and 2, we used both an experiment and a survey with organizational employees to demonstrate that power reduced temporal discounting. In Study 3, we replicated study 1 while exploring a unique cultural trait of Danbo, or indifference to fame and wealth, across two ethnic groups (Han and Tibetan groups) in China. While power reduces temporal discounting, the relationship between the two may be leveraged by individual differences of optimism, frustration, and Danbo. The results imply a more nuanced interpretation of how individual and situational factors can affect intertemporal choice.
LSDSem 2017: Exploring Data Generation Methods for the Story Cloze Test

The Story Cloze test is a recent effort in providing a common test scenario for text understanding systems. As part of the LSDSem 2017 shared task, we present a system based on a deep learning architecture combined with a rich set of manually-crafted linguistic features. The system outperforms all known baselines for the task, suggesting that the chosen approach is promising. We additionally present two methods for generating further training data based on stories from the ROCStories corpus.
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Cervical Cancer Screening Among Latinas

To reduce the high incidence of cervical cancer among Latinas in the United States it is important to understand factors that predict screening behavior. The aim of this study was to test the utility of theory of planned behavior in predicting cervical cancer screening among a group of Latinas. A sample of Latinas (N = 614) completed a baseline survey about Pap test attitudes subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and intention to be screened for cervical cancer. At 6 months postbaseline, cervical cancer screening behavior was assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to test the theory. Model fit statistics indicated good model fit: χ2(48) = 54.32, p = . 246; comparative fit index = . 992; root mean square error of approximation = . 015; weighted root mean square residual = . 687. Subjective norms (p = .005) and perceived behavioral control (p < .0001) were positively associated with intention to be screened for cervical cancer, and the intention to be screened predicted actual cervical cancer screening (p < .0001). The proportion of variance (R2) in intention accounted for by the predictors was . 276 and the R2 in cervical cancer screening accounted for was . 130. This study provides support for the use of the theory of planned behavior in predicting cervical cancer screening among Latinas. This knowledge can be used to inform the development of a theory of planned behavior–based intervention to increase cervical cancer screening among Latinas and reduce the high incidence of cervical cancer in this group of women.
Infratemporal fossa approach to tumours of the temporal bone and base of the skull

In spite of the development of a superior (middle cranial fossa) and posterior (translabyrinthine) approach to the temporal bone, tumours situated in the infralabyrinthine and apical compartments of the pyramid and surrounding base of the skull were still a challenge for neurosurgeons and otologists as well. The infratemporal fossa approach closes the existing gap in the surgical management of the most hidden lesions of the temporal bone. The approach features the permanent anterior transposition of the facial nerve, resection of the mandibular condyle and mobilization of the zygoma and lateral orbital rim. Obliteration of the pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone, with permanent occlusion of the Eustachian tube and blind sac closure of the external auditory canal, avoids the danger of post-operative infection and leads to primary wound healing in the shortest time. Three types of infratemporal fossa approach are presented and dicussed on the basis of 51 operated patients.
A Mechanical Flux Weakening Method for Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machines

Several switched flux permanent magnet (SFPM) machines with mechanically movable flux adjusting technique are proposed, analyzed, and compared for applications which demand high speed and efficiency. By using ferromagnetic pieces--one per every stator pole or every alternative stator pole, which are named as flux adjusters (FAs) and located on the outside surface of the stator-the airgap flux density can be weakened and therefore the operation speed range and flux weakening capability can be improved. The influence of using all or alternative FAs on the open circuit results, electromagnetic performance, and torque-speed characteristics of the SFPM machine is investigated through three SFPM machines with different stator/rotor pole combinations, i.e., 12/10, 12/13, and 12/14. Moreover, although using FAs in all stator poles can significantly improve the flux weakening capability, alternative FAs can also achieve remarkable improvement although higher torque ripple is observed. Additionally, it has been found that the 12/13 combination is considered to be the most suitable candidate for alternative FAs technique. In addition to 2-D finite-element analysis (FEA) and analytical methods, 3-D FEA results accounting for the end-effect are presented. Furthermore, experiments are performed to validate the results.
Modeling pointing tasks in mouse-based human-computer interactions

Pointing is a basic gesture performed by any user during human-computer interaction. It consists in covering a distance to select a target via the cursor in a graphical user interface (e.g. a computer mouse movement to select a menu element). In this work, a dynamic model is proposed to describe the cursor motion during the pointing task. The model design is based on experimental data for pointing with a mouse. The obtained model has switched dynamics, which corresponds well to the state of the art accepted in the human-computer interaction community. The conditions of the model stability are established. The presented model can be further used for the improvement of user performance during pointing tasks.
Mitochondrial Protein Acylation and Intermediary Metabolism: Regulation by Sirtuins and Implications for Metabolic Disease*

The sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that regulate cell survival, metabolism, and longevity. Three sirtuins, SIRT3–5, localize to mitochondria. Expression of SIRT3 is selectively activated during fasting and calorie restriction. SIRT3 regulates the acetylation level and enzymatic activity of key metabolic enzymes, such as acetyl-CoA synthetase, long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2, and enhances fat metabolism during fasting. SIRT5 exhibits demalonylase/desuccinylase activity, and lysine succinylation and malonylation are abundant mitochondrial protein modifications. No convincing enzymatic activity has been reported for SIRT4. Here, we review the emerging role of mitochondrial sirtuins as metabolic sensors that respond to changes in the energy status of the cell and modulate the activities of key metabolic enzymes via protein deacylation.
Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women.

BACKGROUND The protective effect of physical activity (PA) on abdominal adiposity is unclear. OBJECTIVE We examined whether PA independently predicted gains in body weight and abdominal adiposity. DESIGN In a prospective cohort study [the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)], we followed 84,511 men and 203,987 women for 5.1 y. PA was assessed by a validated questionnaire, and individuals were categorized into 4 groups (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, and active). Body weight and waist circumference were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up. We used multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models and stratified our analyses by sex with adjustments for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, educational level, total energy intake, duration of follow-up, baseline body weight, change in body weight, and waist circumference (when applicable). RESULTS PA significantly predicted a lower waist circumference (in cm) in men (β = -0.045; 95% CI: -0.057, -0.034) and in women (β = -0.035; 95% CI: -0.056, -0.015) independent of baseline body weight, baseline waist circumference, and other confounding factors. The magnitude of associations was materially unchanged after adjustment for change in body weight. PA was not significantly associated with annual weight gain (in kg) in men (β = -0.008; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.003) and women (β = -0.01; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.0006). The odds of becoming obese were reduced by 7% (P < 0.001) and 10% (P < 0.001) for a one-category difference in baseline PA in men and women, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a higher level of PA reduces abdominal adiposity independent of baseline and changes in body weight and is thus a useful strategy for preventing chronic diseases and premature deaths.
NG2-expressing cells in the subventricular zone are type C–like cells and contribute to interneuron generation in the postnatal hippocampus

The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a source of neural progenitors throughout brain development. The identification and purification of these progenitors and the analysis of their lineage potential are fundamental issues for future brain repair therapies. We demonstrate that early postnatal NG2-expressing (NG2+) progenitor cells located in the SVZ self-renew in vitro and display phenotypic features of transit-amplifier type C–like multipotent cells. NG2+ cells in the SVZ are highly proliferative and express the epidermal growth factor receptor, the transcription factors Dlx, Mash1, and Olig2, and the Lewis X (LeX) antigen. We show that grafted early postnatal NG2+ cells generate hippocampal GABAergic interneurons that propagate action potentials and receive functional glutamatergic synaptic inputs. Our work identifies Dlx+/Mash1+/LeX+/NG2+/GFAP-negative cells of the SVZ as a new class of postnatal multipotent progenitor cells that may represent a specific cellular reservoir for renewal of postnatal and adult inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus.
A FEMINIST POSTSTRUCTURALIST ANALYSIS OF DISCURSIVE PRACTICES IN THE CLASSROOM AND PLAYGROUND

Abstract In this paper the multiple and often contradictory positionings taken up by individual pupils are examined in terms of what classroom texts and talk afford them. This is done with a particular focus on gender. Using transcripts of a number of videotaped classrooms and playgrounds, including those in preschools, the discursive practices through which maleness and femaleness are constituted in classrooms are analysed. The way in which the concepts “male” and “female” are themselves created and sustained as opposite and antithetical categories and are constituted as a property of persons (rather than of language) will be the central focus of the analysis. It will be argued that sex and gender are discursive constructions but that they are taken on as if they were incorrigible properties of persons. The discursive and textual practices through which this incorrigibility is achieved are illustrated through excerpts from videotaped and audiotaped conversations with children.
User-aware provably secure protocols for browser-based mutual authentication

The standard solution for mutual authentication between human users and servers on the internet is to execute a transport layer security (TLS) handshake during which the server authenticates using a X.509 certificate followed by the authentication of the user either with own password or with some cookie stored within the user's browser. However, poor ability of human users to validate X.509 certificates allows for various forms of (social) impersonation attacks. In this paper, we introduce human perceptible authentication (HPA) as a concept for the secure user-aware authentication of servers via recognisable authenticators such as images, video or audio sequences. We formally specify HPA within a security model for browser-based mutual authentication; for this, we extend the traditional Bellare-Rogaway model to deal with human users as inherent protocol participants. Using HPA and the classical TLS handshake, we furthermore design two efficient provably secure password- and cookie-authentication protocols.
A Monte Carlo model of light propagation in tissue

The Monte Carlo method is rapidly becoming the model of choice for simulating light transport in tissue. This paper provides all the details necessary for implementation of a Monte Carlo program. Variance reduction schemes that improve the effiency of the Monte Carlo method are discussed. Analytic expressions facilitating convolution calculations for flat and Gaussian beams are included. Useful validation benchmarks are presented.
Discovering users' specific geo intention in web search

Discovering users' specific and implicit geographic intention in web search can greatly help satisfy users' information needs. We build a geo intent analysis system that uses minimal supervision to learn a model from large amounts of web-search logs for this discovery. We build a city language model, which is a probabilistic representation of the language surrounding the mention of a city in web queries. We use several features derived from these language models to: (1) identify users' implicit geo intent and pinpoint the city corresponding to this intent, (2) determine whether the geo-intent is localized around the users' current geographic location, (3) predict cities for queries that have a mention of an entity that is located in a specific place. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of using features derived from the city language model. We find that (1) the system has over 90% precision and more than 74% accuracy for the task of detecting users' implicit city level geo intent (2) the system achieves more than 96% accuracy in determining whether implicit geo queries are local geo queries, neighbor region geo queries or none-of-these (3) the city language model can effectively retrieve cities in location-specific queries with high precision (88%) and recall (74%); human evaluation shows that the language model predicts city labels for location-specific queries with high accuracy (84.5%).
Symptoms of Poststroke Depression among Stroke Survivors: An Appraisal of Psychiatry Needs and Care during Physiotherapy Rehabilitation

Purpose. To identify stroke survivors with symptoms of poststroke depression and the extent of psychiatry needs and care they have received while on physiotherapy rehabilitation. Participants. Fifty stroke survivors (22 females and 28 males) at the outpatient unit of Physiotherapy Department, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, who gave their informed consent, were randomly selected. Their age range and mean age were 26–66 years and 54.76 ± 8.79 years, respectively. Method. A multiple case study of 50 stroke survivors for symptoms of poststroke depression was done with Beck's Depression Inventory, mini mental status examination tool, and Modified Motor Assessment Scale. The tests were performed independently by the participants except otherwise stated and scored on a scale of 0–6. Data were analyzed using Z-test for proportional significance and chi-square test for determining relationship between variables, at p < 0.05. Results. Twenty-one (42.0%) stroke survivors had symptoms of PSD, which was significantly dependent on duration of stroke (χ 2 = 21.680, df = 6, and p = 0.001), yet none of the participants had a psychiatry review. Conclusions. Symptoms of PSD may be common in cold compared to new cases of stroke and may need psychiatry care while on physiotherapy rehabilitation.
sloWNet : construction and corpus annotation

This paper presents a wordnet for Slovene which was created semi-automatically with a combination of approaches and multilingual resources, in particular a bilingual dictionary, a parallel corpus and Wikipedia. Analysis of the results shows that the dictionary approach yields a good core wordnet but requires substantial manual editing due to a lack of automatic word-sense disambiguation. This was successfully improved with the corpus approach which, however, was limited to singleword literals. The last approach, based on Wikipedia, was only used for domain-specific monosemous terms, and can deal with multiword literals and therefore usefully complements the previous two approaches. The created sloWNet was then used to semantically annotate a corpus for Slovene: one hundred high frequency nouns were annotated in a corpus of 100,000 words. The paper reports on the method and results of this manual annotation. Both the Slovene wordnet and annotated corpus are to be publicly available.
Negative selection in vivo reveals expression of strong Mls determinants in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency

Evidence is presented that mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) express strong Mlsa,d determinants, a putative marker of the mature subset of B cells. Although young (3-5 wk) (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male (xid+) mice stimulated only very weak mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to Mlsa,d determinants, older mice (greater than 7 wk) regularly elicited conspicuous responses, despite being totally unresponsive to TNP-Ficoll. Expression of Mlsa,d determinants by xid+ mice was also detected by the procedure of negative selection in vivo. Thus BALB/c T cells were totally depleted of Mlsa,d reactivity after blood to lymph recirculation through 10-wk old irradiated xid+ (CBA/N X DBA/2)1 male mice. Significantly, a marked (90%) reduction in the anti-Mlsa,d response also occurred with T cell filtration through 3-wk xid+ mice, i.e., mice that elicit only minimal primary MLR; filtration through 3- wk xid- normal female mice led to near-complete (99%) negative selection. Collectively these data indicate either, (a) that xid+ mice contain appreciable numbers of cells with at least some of the properties of mature B cells, or (b) that the expression of Mlsa,d determinants is not restricted to mature B cells. In either case, B cells from xid mice cannot be viewed as a simple model for immature normal B cells.
An Approximate Formulation based on Integer Linear Programming for Learning Maximum Weighted ( k + 1 )-order Decomposable Graphs

In this work we deal with the problem of learning a maximum weighted (k + 1)order decomposable graph coarser than a given maximal k-order decomposable graph. An Integer Linear Programming formulation for the problem has been recently proposed and used in order to solve instances of the problem with a moderate number of vertices [8]. However, as the problem is known to be NP-hard, it is of practical interest to develop approximate algorithms able to work with a limited amount of computational resources. In this paper we propose an approximate Integer Linear Programming formulation for the problem using a distance-based criteria that selects a subset of edges. This criteria discards the set of edges that, on average, have lower probability to be part of the optimal solution than any of the selected edges. Experiments have been carried out with probabilistic graphical models. Using the approximate formulation we have obtained results close to the optimum, even with small threshold distance values. The obtained good results indicate that the approximate formulation has important applications for learning probabilistic graphical models using decomposable scores.
Wikipedia category visualization using radial layout

Wikipedia is a large and popular daily information source for millions of people. How are articles distributed by topic area, and what is the semantic coverage of Wikipedia? Using manual methods it is impractical to determine this. We present the design of an information visualization tool that produces overview diagrams of Wikipedia's articles distributed according to category relationships, and show examples of visualizing English Wikipedia.
Diversity and genetic structure of the Mexican endemic epiphyte Tillandsia achyrostachys E. Morr. ex Baker var. achyrostachys (Bromeliaceae).

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The monoecious, bird-pollinated epiphytic Tillandsia achyrostachys E. Morr. ex Baker var. achyrostachys is an endemic bromeliad of the tropical dry forests of Mexico with clonal growth. In the Sierra de Huautla Natural Reserve this species shows a host preference for Bursera copallifera (Sessé & Moc ex. DC) Bullock. As a result of deforestation in the study area, B. copallifera has become a rare tree species in the remaining forest patches. This human-induced disturbance has directly affected the population densities of T. achyrostachys. In this study the genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation were assessed by comparing the genetic diversity, gene flow and genetic differentiation in six populations of T. achyrostachys in the Sierra de Huautla Natural Reserve, Mexico. METHODS Allozyme electrophoresis of sixteen loci (eleven polymorphic and five monomorphic) were used. The data were analysed with standard statistical approximations for obtaining diversity, genetic structure and gene flow. KEY RESULTS Genetic diversity and allelic richness were: HE = 0.21 +/- 0.02, A = 1.86 +/- 0.08, respectively. F-statistics revealed a deficiency of heterozygous plants in all populations (Fit = 0.65 +/- 0.02 and Fis = 0.43 +/- 0.06). Significant genetic differentiation between populations was detected (Fst = 0.39 +/- 0.07). Average gene flow between pairs of populations was relatively low and had high variation (Nm = 0.46 +/- 0.21), which denotes a pattern of isolation by distance. The genetic structure of populations of T. achyrostachys suggests that habitat fragmentation has reduced allelic richness and genetic diversity, and increased significant genetic differentiation (by approx. 40 %) between populations. CONCLUSIONS The F-statistic values (>0) and the level of gene flow found suggest that habitat fragmentation has broken up the former population structure. In this context, it is proposed that the host trees of T. achyrostachys should be considered as a conservation priority, since they represent the limiting factor to bromeliad population growth and connectivity.
Threshold Behavior of MultiPath Random Key Pre-Distribution for Sparse Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been an active research topic because its application encompasses various domains. In particular, a lot of attentions have been paid to the common feature of WSN to show that every node in a large enough network contains certain properties. Real-world applications of random key pre-distribution naturally involve geometric and combinatorial techniques and are even more challenging technically. This paper presents an efficient scheme, which can approximate a complex network by a much simpler object such that the approximation is “regular” between most pairs of partition of this network. Once a more traceable network is obtained, bounds for the probability of the property that a random key pre-distribution subgraph satisfies that each node has a path of length ` to its `th-hop neighbors are established. Then, by using the sparse version of the Szemerédi’s regularity lemma and letting C be a constant, n the number of vertices, p the probability of any two nodes sharing at least one common key, a sharp threshold p ≥ Cn−(`−1)/` that satisfies this property is shown. Moreover, computer simulations are also given to show the performance of the proposed scheme.