Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developing a model for an agile supply chain in pharmaceutical industry

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a model for an agile supply chain in the pharmaceutical industry. In a continuous changing global competitive environment, an organization’s supply chain agility directly impacts its ability to produce and deliver novel products to its customers in a timely and cost-effective manner. While the beneficial effect of supply chain agility is generally appreciated, the literature addressing how a pharmaceutical company can achieve supply chain agility is limited. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyzes the three parts of pharmaceutical supply chain including supply of active pharmaceutical ingredient, manufacturing and distribution based on the supply chain operations reference model to assess agile supply chains by using three diverse questionnaires. In addition, to prioritize critical factors, TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) algorithm as a common technique of multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) model has.
BARLEY STRIPE MOSAIC VIRUS

BSMV infection caused a pronounced increase in the frequency of triploid and aneuploid seeds in eleven barley varieties, but with considerable variation in frequency among varieties. In some of the varieties triploids exceeded three per cent. In virus-free material a few triploids were found in most of the varieties, but the frequency was very low. There was, however, a significant variation among varieties. ARLEY stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) is known to influence the morphology and physiology of infected plants (MCKINNEY and GREELEY 1965; PRING and TIMIAN 1969), to induce increased flower sterility in barley (INOUYE 1962; SANDFAER 1970b), and to influence the competitive relationships between barley varieties (SANDFAER 1970~). Further it has been shown that in maize this virus has genetic effects, the most extensively studied of which is the so-called Aberrant Ratio (AR) (SPRAGUE, MCKINNEY and GREELEY 1963; SPRAGUE and MCKINNEY 1966 and 1970). AR describes a phenomenon in maize associated with virus infection in which F, and backcross ratios exhibit consistent and significant departures from Mendelian expectations. In a previous study at our department (SANDFAER 1970a) the frequency of triploid seeds in the diploid spring barley varieties Tystofte Prentice and Svalof Freja has been found to be 2.3% and 0.04%, respectively. The triploids originated from light, shrivelled seeds from apparently sterile flowers. Prentice was found to have a high infection rate of BSMV, and in Freja a low infection rate was found. This seed-borne virus is known to increase the frequency of sterile flowers, as mentioned above. Therefore, the triploids might have originated solely or primarily from virus-induced “sterile” flowers, and the difference between the two varieties in frequency of triploids might be due to the difference in infection rate of BSMV. This was elucidated in an experiment where the frequency of triploids and aneuploids was determined in the progeny of virus-free and virusinoculated plants of eleven barley varieties. The results are reported below. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Eleven spring barley varieties were hand-sown in the field with a planting distance of 15 X 10 cm. Two kernels were sown at each place and then, after germination, thinned to one plant. Genetics 73: 597603 Apnil 1973.
Implementation Effect of Green Manufacturing Strategy In to Fmcg And Automotive Companies Through Impact Consideration Toward Environment, Economy And Social

Environment, economy and social factor which are usually called triple bottom line is inseperable from sustainable development operation. In fact many companies are striving only for financial benefit without considering the environment and social condition. Therefore a research model is designed to determine the variables affecting environment, economy and social. The model is designed with structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis using analysis of moment structure (AMOS) software. The model consist of (i) antecedents variable: human resources (HR), natural resources (NR), information technology (IT), (ii) behaviour variable: green manufacturing strategy application (PGMS), green management (GM), production process technology (PPT), corporate social responsibility (CSR), and (iii) consequence variable: driving forces-pressure-stateimpact-response (DPSIR). The purpose of this research is to analyze the indirect effect of the variables toward DPSIR environment, economy and social. For HR + NR + IT + PGMS + GM + PPT + CSR -> DL model, there is indirect effect from IT to DL and from GM to DL through mediating variable PGMS. For HR + NR + IT + PGMS + GM + PPT + CSR -> DE and HR + NR + IT + PGMS + GM + PPT + CSR -> DS model, there isn’t indirect effect from all of the variable through mediating variable PGMS. Moreover, HR, NR and IT variable have 60.1% effect on PGMS, while GM, PPT and CSR variable are added the HR, NR, IT, GM, PPT and CSR have 98.8% effect on PGMS. HR, NR, IT and PGMS variable have 97.2%, 76.9% and 64.0% effect on DL, DE and DS, while GM, PPT and CSR variable are added the HR, NR, IT, PGMS, GM, PPT and CSR have 97.9%, 77.5% and 96.1% on DL, DE and DS. With addition of GM, PPT and CSR variable, the effect from HR, NR, IT and PGMS increase. 60% of FMCG companies have increased in DL variable, 36.4% of automotive companies have increased in DL variable, 50% of FMCG companies have increased in DE variable, 63.6% of automotive companies have increased in DE variable, 70% of FMCG companies have increased in DS variable and 36.4% of automotive companies have increased in DS variable. So, GM, PPT and CSR variable should be added for FMCG companies and not for automotive companies.
Genetic Control of a Transition from Black to Straw-White Seed Hull in Rice Domestication1[C][W][OA]

The genetic mechanism involved in a transition from the black-colored seed hull of the ancestral wild rice (Oryza rufipogon and Oryza nivara) to the straw-white seed hull of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) during grain ripening remains unknown. We report that the black hull of O. rufipogon was controlled by the Black hull4 (Bh4) gene, which was fine-mapped to an 8.8-kb region on rice chromosome 4 using a cross between O. rufipogon W1943 (black hull) and O. sativa indica cv Guangluai 4 (straw-white hull). Bh4 encodes an amino acid transporter. A 22-bp deletion within exon 3 of the bh4 variant disrupted the Bh4 function, leading to the straw-white hull in cultivated rice. Transgenic study indicated that Bh4 could restore the black pigment on hulls in cv Guangluai 4 and Kasalath. Bh4 sequence alignment of all taxa with the outgroup Oryza barthii showed that the wild rice maintained comparable levels of nucleotide diversity that were about 70 times higher than those in the cultivated rice. The results from the maximum likelihood Hudson-Kreitman-Aguade test suggested that the significant reduction in nucleotide diversity in rice cultivars could be caused by artificial selection. We propose that the straw-white hull was selected as an important visual phenotype of nonshattered grains during rice domestication.
Substrate agnostic monolithic integration of the inline phase-change switch technology

Omni-directional GeTe inline phase-change switches (IPCS) have been fabricated and heterogeneously integrated with commercial SiGe BiCMOS technology to create a reconfigurable receiver. The reconfigurable receiver required integrating thirteen (13) 8-port and two (2) 4-port omni-directional switch circuits with a commercial SiGe IC, requiring very stable and repeatable performance from the 112 integrated GeTe IPCS devices. Insertion loss, isolation, and cycling data will be presented, as well as performance issues encountered during the heterogeneous integration process. A new monolithic integration scheme is briefly discussed that is independent of the substrate and semiconductor technology used. This integration plan enables the monolithic fabrication of GeTe IPCS devices on any semiconductor technology, allowing low-loss, low-power, broadband reconfigurable RF systems and SoCs (system-on-chip) to be realized in any technology.
Existence of an Optimal Stock Price: Evidence from Stock Splits and Reverse Stock Splits in Hong Kong

We analyze a sample of stock splits and reverse stock splits on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK) over the period 1986 through 1992. Consistent with studies on stock splits and reverse stock splits made in the U.S. capital markets, our analysis shows that stock splits are associated with a positive and significant stock market response, while reverse stock splits are associated with a negative but statistically insignificant price effect. We also investigate the "optimal price range" hypothesis, which states that firms choose the split factor (SF) as a device to return the stock price to a "preferred price range. " Our result suggests a positive relation between the magnitude of the SF and the deviation of the pre-split stock price from the historical price level in the stock split sample. However, we do not find a systematic pattern affecting the use of the SF in the reverse split sample.
Customer and employee co-creation of radical service innovations

Purpose – The study demonstrates that firms can effectively involve customers in new service development (NSD) to create radically innovative, high-performing new services. Prior research found no effect of customer involvement on radicalness in NSD programs, but the current study provides evidence that customer involvement in the design stage of NSD projects can increase the radical innovativeness of a new service. Design/methodology/approach – Surveys from 160 firms captured information on the development process, participants and outcomes of recent service innovation projects. Direct effect and mediation hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings – Customer involvement in the NSD process increases the innovativeness of a new service when customers are involved in the design stage and when the influence is mediated by process complexity. Customer involvement in the development stage has no significant effect on service innovativeness. Process complexity also mediates the positiv.
An 84 dB-gain-range and 1 GHz-bandwidth variable gain amplifier using gain flattening capacitors for multi-gigabit radio

A 1 GHz wide-bandwidth digitally-controlled variable gain amplifier (VGA) with 84 dB wide gain range is presented for 60 GHz short range wireless systems. The VGA employs digitally-controlled resistors and gain flattening capacitors (GFCs) which improve in-band gain flatness. The VGA is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS. The measured result shows 84.3 dB gain tuning range from -25.3 dB to 59 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth of 1.0 GHz.
AIS Electronic

This paper proposes a research agenda for a relatively new area of research in information systems: wikis in collaborative writing. We introduce wikis and the concept of collaborative writing using four different educational cases of wiki-usage for collaborative writing in the classroom setting. Eight research questions are suggested related to this area of research. We propose that Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) is a useful theoretical framework to study these questions. The paper suggests the importance of this new area of research through four case studies and identifying research questions that need to be addressed using the AST framework and suggesting implications for educational practice
Shortening Carbon Nanotube-Tipped AFM Probes ISNM 2006

A method is presented to indirectly measure and shorten carbon nantoubes grown from the tips of atomic force microscope (AFM) probes. The measurement component exploits the nanotubes ability to elastically buckle and requires only those signals and actuators available on a standard AFM. The shortening operation is facilitated by electric arcing using a conducting niobium substrate. The shortening operation produces stable carbon nanotubes at the tips of AFM probes which can then be functionalized for use as high-resolution, chemically-specific force probes. An application to AFM-based DNA sequencing is also discussed.
Parallel iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method for systems of nonlinear ill-posed equations

We propose a parallel version of the iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method for solving a system of ill-posed equations. Under certain widely used assumptions, the convergence rate of the parallel method is established. Numerical experiments show that the parallel iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method is computationally convenient for dealing with underdetermined systems of nonlinear equations on parallel computers, especially when the number of unknowns is much larger than that of equations.
CREATION OF A MULTI-SECTORAL PARTNERSHIP IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: Philippine Experience 1

Introduction The Mekong River stretches 4,661 kilometers across six countries: China, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Having common watershed, some externality and transboundary issues often create disputes among the said countries due to differing priority in water use. For instance, at the upper catchment area, the Lao PDR government has begun constructing dams for power generation aimed at supplying its energy needs as well as export it to Thailand. However, this alters the other ecological functions of the water flowing downstreams, such as, for irrigation, domestic consumption, inland fishery, water transportation, and wetlands fauna habitat.
Understanding Communication Preferences of Banking Customers

Banks and service companies in general are facing problems with multi-channel management, especially in the context of outbound communication. Problems are the high costs of the multi-channel systems, unsatisfied cus-tomers, and few customers who interact with companies. Personalization of the selection of communication channel to reach a customer is seen a solution to these problems. However, a complication is that currently no insight exists in what factors can explain channel preferences of customers. These factors are required for estimating the channel preferences of customer. In order to identify these factors a survey has been used to collect channel preferences of banking customers in the context of outbound contact. Furthermore, hypotheses about what factors are expected to explain channel preferences were constructed. These hypotheses have been tested through multinomial logistic regression models. Multiple relations between channel preference and predictors were identified. To assess the impact of the findings on the presented problems, it is recommended to start pilots in which the selection of a channel to reach a customer is based on the identified predictors.
Interpretation of coagulation test results under direct oral anticoagulants

Diagnostic of global coagulation parameters is part of the daily clinical routine practice in conservative as well in operative disciplines. The correct interpretation of in vitro test results in context to the ex vivo influence of anticoagulant drugs and the in vivo hemostatic system of the individual patient is dependent on the doctors clinical and laboratory experience. This article shortly reviews the laboratory interference of oral anticoagulants including the target‐specific inhibitors dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban on coagulation parameters and discusses the potential of several methods for measuring the anticoagulant effect of the direct oral anticoagulants.
The Role of the Scale Parameter in the Estimation and Comparison of Multinomial Logit Models

Multinomial logit (MNL) models are widely used in marketing research to analyze choice data, but it is not generally recognized that the unit of the utility scale in a MNL model is inversely related to the error variance. This means that, for instance, parameters of two identical utility specifications estimated from different data sources with unequal variances will necessarily differ in magnitude, even if the true model parameters that generated the utilities are identical in both sets. Despite a growing number of papers that compare MNL coefficients, no examples of appropriate tests of the joint and separate hypotheses of scale and parameter equality in MNL models exist in the marketing literature. The purpose of this paper is to address the proper procedure for MNL parameter comparisons between different data sets and to propose a simple relative scaling test that can be implemented with standard MNL estimation software. Several examples are given to illustrate the approach.
The Role of Value Change Management in Relationship Dissolution: Hygiene and Motivational Factors

Responding to client needs is a central tenet of marketing, and thought vital to relationship renewal in the business-to-business context. We explore this issue by examining whether supplier response to client requests for value change is sufficient motivation for client firms to renew relationships with advertising agencies. Based on 17 dyadic interviews we find that reacting to client initiated value change is a relationship hygiene factor that does not of itself encourage renewal as it fails to evolve the structure of the relationship over time, and leads to client perceptions of supplier complacency. Although firms must respond to customer requests for value change to avoid dissatisfaction developing in the relationship, they must also actively seek to improve the relationship through driving market actions. We identified these as supplier initiated value change (SIVC), contributing to the emerging literature on value change by identifying a more vital component of managing client relationships to avoid dissolution and enhance the prospects of renewal.
New Strategic Tools for Supply Chain Management

Intense global competition has created a highly demanding customer. To serve his needs for highvariety, low cost, sound quality and easy availability, organisations are looking beyond their own boundaries to the management of their supply chains. In this they have been inspired by the typical Far Eastern, and the very best Western, practice. But supply chain management is still a hope not a reality for many companies. On the one hand there is an array of “panaceas” on offer for our “sick” businesses; new technology, computer integrated manufacturing, the Just-in-Time approach, total quality management, and more besides. On the other hand supply chain management has few specific tools of its own. To the manager busy holding on to his market share it is difficult to see where to start the process of making his operation more competitive. A three-stage approach to help companies see just which actions are likely to get the supply chain into better competitive shape is proposed. Also introduced are two simple graphical tools to help management develop a strategy for enhanced supply chain effectiveness: the pipeline map and the supplier relationship grid.
A Two-Stage Joint Model for Domain-Specific Entity Detection and Linking Leveraging an Unlabeled Corpus

The intensive construction of domain-specific knowledge bases (DSKB) has posed an urgent demand for researches about domain-specific entity detection and linking (DSEDL). Joint models are usually adopted in DSEDL tasks, but data imbalance and high computational complexity exist in these models. Besides, traditional feature representation methods are insufficient for domain-specific tasks, due to problems such as lack of labeled data, link sparseness in DSKBs, and so on. In this paper, a two-stage joint (TSJ) model is proposed to solve the data imbalance problem by discriminatively processing entity mentions with different degrees of ambiguity. In addition, three novel methods are put forward to generate effective features by incorporating an unlabeled corpus. One crucial feature involving entity detection is the mention type, extracted by a long short-term memory (LSTM) model trained on automatically annotated data. The other two types of features mainly involve entity linking, including the inner-document topical coherence, which is measured based on entity co-occurring relationships in the corpus, and the cross-document entity coherence evaluated using similar documents. An overall 74.26% F1 value is obtained on a dataset of real-world movie comments, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach and indicating its potentiality to be used in real-world domain-specific applications.
Repeatability of dorsolateral subluxation scores in dogs and correlation with macroscopic appearance of hip osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) scores in young dogs could be used to reliably predict which dogs would develop evidence of hip osteoarthritis and whether DLS scores measured at various ages correlated with each other. ANIMALS 129 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and Labrador Retriever-Greyhound crossbreds. PROCEDURES DLS scores were measured on radiographs taken at 4, 8, and 12 months of age and at necropsy (8 to 36 months of age). At necropsy, the hip joints were examined macroscopically and a score assigned for degree of cartilage degeneration. RESULTS DLS scores at 4 (n = 35, r(s) = -0.62), 8 (n = 106, r(s) = -0.54), and 12 (n = 15, r(s) = -0.87) months of age were significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration scores, and DLS scores at 8 months of age were significantly correlated with scores obtained at the time of necropsy (n = 39, r(s) = 0.87). The DLS scores at 4 months of age were significantly different from scores at 8 months of age, but scores did not differ significantly thereafter. Likelihood ratios for cartilage lesions for low (< 45%), intermediate (> or = 45 but < or = 55%), and high (> 55%) DLS scores at 8 months of age were 8.0, 2.6, and 0.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that DLS score at 8 months of age was a reasonable, albeit imperfect, predictor of the condition of the hip joint cartilage at necropsy. Thus, the DLS method might be useful for early identification of dogs with hip dysplasia.
Does Accounting Choices Affect Financial Reporting Communication？ Some Critical Consideration

The aim of this work is to analyze the critical issues related to stock options accounting granted to employees. Given the different ways to collect stock option plans, it follows that according to the accounting treatment adopted, it changes the financial reporting of stock option plans, and thus the information communicated to stakeholders and markets in general. The examination of the accounting treatment of stock options starts from the study of legal changes relating to the stock options and various criteria suggested will be presented for the evaluation of the options and for detection of their cost in the financial statements of companies (Guay, Kothari, & Sloan, 2003). After the analysis of international accounting standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on the subject, specifically the “IFRS 2”, we can state that they had a strong impact on Italian companies (Ciampaglia, 2008). The central aspect of the study, however, consists of an analysis of the market effects of accounting for the cost associated with the issuance of stock option plans (Cerri & Sottoriva, 2010). Budgeted costs relating to the adoption of stock option plans granted to employees change the measures of economic performance of the enterprise, such as return on investment (ROI) and return on equity (ROE), with significant effects on the evaluation of the economic capital of the company. A company that does not account for costs related to stock option plans recorded a best exercise, but it could distort the valuation of financial analysts (Tagliavini, 2000). Finally, it can be observed that the proper accounting of costs associated with stock options is a prerequisite for the comparability of financial statements of companies that grant, and it is therefore necessary to adequately reflect the value of the company.