Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Reliable Broadcast in Low Duty-Cycle Wireless Sensor Networks

Broadcast is one of the most fundamental services in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It facilitates sensor nodes to propagate messages across the whole network, serving a wide range of higher level operations and thus being critical to the overall network design. A distinct feature of WSNs is that many nodes alternate between active and dormant states, so as to conserve energy and extend the network lifetime. Unfortunately, the impact of such cycles has been largely ignored in existing broadcast implementations that adopt the common assumption of all nodes being active all over the time. In this paper, we revisit the broadcast problem with active/dormant cycles. We show strong evidence that conventional broadcast approaches will suffer from severe performance degradation, and, under low duty cycles, they could easily fail to cover the whole network in an acceptable time frame. To this end, we remodel the broadcast problem in this new context, seeking a balance between efficiency and latency with coverage guarantees. We demonstrate that this problem can be translated into a graph equivalence, and develop a centralized optimal solution. It provides a valuable benchmark for assessing diverse duty-cycle-aware broadcast strategies. We then extend it to an efficient and scalable distributed implementation, which relies on local information and operations only, with built-in loss compensation mechanisms. The performance of our solution is evaluated under diverse network configurations. The results suggest that our distributed solution is close to the lower bounds of both time and forwarding costs, and it well resists to the wireless loss with good scalability on the network size and density. In addition, it enables flexible control toward the quality of broadcast coverage.
Fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer in a large prospective cohort study

Changing patterns of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) incidence worldwide suggest distinct etiologies. Although associations between fruit and vegetable intake and both ESCC and EAC have been found in multiple ecological and case–control studies, few prospective studies have investigated these associations. We prospectively examined these associations in 490,802 participants of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)‐AARP Diet and Health Study using Cox models adjusted for age, alcohol intake, body mass index, cigarette smoking, education, physical activity and total energy intake. We present hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals per serving per 1,000 calories. During 2,193,751 person years of follow‐up, 103 participants were diagnosed with ESCC and 213 participants with EAC. We found a significant inverse association between total fruit and vegetable intake and ESCC risk (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.67–0.91), but not EAC risk (0.98, 0.90–1.08). In models mutually adjusted for fruit and vegetable intake, the protective association with ESCC was stronger for fruits (0.73, 0.57–0.93) than for vegetables (0.84, 0.66–1.07). When we examined botanical subgroups, we observed significant protective associations for ESCC and intake of Rosacea (apples, peaches, nectarines, plums, pears and strawberries) and Rutaceae (citrus fruits). A significant inverse association between EAC and Chenopodiaceae (spinach) intake was observed. Results from our study suggest that the relation of fruit and vegetable intake and esophageal cancer risk may vary by histologic type. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential Activity for Animals and Manipulable Objects in the Anterior Temporal Lobes

Neuropsychological evidence has highlighted the role of the anterior temporal lobes in the processing of conceptual knowledge. That putative role is only beginning to be investigated with fMRI as methodological advances are able to compensate for well-known susceptibility artifacts that affect the quality of the BOLD signal. In this article, we described differential BOLD activation for pictures of animals and manipulable objects in the anterior temporal lobes, consistent with previous neuropsychological findings. Furthermore, we found that the pattern of BOLD signal in the anterior temporal lobes is qualitatively different from that in the fusiform gyri. The latter regions are activated to different extents but always above baseline by images of the preferred and of the nonpreferred categories, whereas the anterior temporal lobes tend to be activated by images of the preferred category and deactivated (BOLD below baseline) by images of the nonpreferred category. In our experimental design, we also manipulated the decision that participants made over stimuli from the different semantic categories. We found that in the right temporal pole, the BOLD signal shows some evidence of being modulated by the task that participants were asked to perform, whereas BOLD activity in more posterior regions (e.g., the fusiform gyri) is not modulated by the task. These results reconcile the fMRI literature with the neuropsychological findings of deficits for animals after damage to the right temporal pole and suggest that anterior and posterior regions within the temporal lobes involved in object processing perform qualitatively different computations.
'Defining the Born Global Firm' A Review of the Literature

In the decades since Welch and Luostarinen (1988) first introduced the concept of the ‘Born Global’ firm into business theory, there has been no consistently reliable definition of this entity. During the 1970s the dominant theory underpinning the internationalising of the firm was of incremental export development -where a firm’s internationalisation commences with its entry into an international market in incremental steps. However in the 1980s the concept of firms that possess ‘global vision’ from ‘inception’, with export sales immediately exceeding domestic sales emerged. This paper brings together the key themes from a large body of academic literature to analyse and collate definitions in existing studies to finally arrive at a concise working definition of the ‘Born Global’ firm.
Genomic expression differences between cutaneous cells from red hair color individuals and black hair color individuals based on bioinformatic analysis

The MC1R gene plays a crucial role in pigmentation synthesis. Loss-of-function MC1R variants, which impair protein function, are associated with red hair color (RHC) phenotype and increased skin cancer risk. Cultured cutaneous cells bearing loss-of-function MC1R variants show a distinct gene expression profile compared to wild-type MC1R cultured cutaneous cells. We analysed the gene signature associated with RHC co-cultured melanocytes and keratinocytes by Protein-Protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify genes related with non-functional MC1R variants. From two detected networks, we selected 23 nodes as hub genes based on topological parameters. Differential expression of hub genes was then evaluated in healthy skin biopsies from RHC and black hair color (BHC) individuals. We also compared gene expression in melanoma tumors from individuals with RHC versus BHC. Gene expression in normal skin from RHC cutaneous cells showed dysregulation in 8 out of 23 hub genes (CLN3, ATG10, WIPI2, SNX2, GABARAPL2, YWHA, PCNA and GBAS). Hub genes did not differ between melanoma tumors in RHC versus BHC individuals. The study suggests that healthy skin cells from RHC individuals present a constitutive genomic deregulation associated with the red hair phenotype and identify novel genes involved in melanocyte biology.
Keberadaan Material Bambu sebagai Subtitusi Material Kayu pada Penerapan Desain Interior dan Arsitektur

Wood is a building material that is frequently used as the main component in interior design and architecture. But, the use of wood is declining today and it is replaced by bamboo. Now, wood material is difficult to find and this condition causes high price in market. Article presents the availability of bamboo that has been known by our society because of its benefit. They use bamboo to meet their everyday life, such as clothes, food, and house needs. Bamboo is also used for the development of interior design as well as architecture , especially in Indonesia.
Sociology and Qualitative Methodologies in Educational Research.

In this article, Mary Haywood Metz traces the development of qualitative methodology in sociology from its early roots in the Chicago School, through its status as a marginalized tradition within sociology, and to its current widespread use in educational research. She makes important distinctions between qualitative methods and qualitative methodology, and distinguishes between anthropological and sociological approaches to ethnography. Metz also discusses how qualitative sociology, in focusing on the internal processes of schools, has contributed to the study of both teaching and schools as organizations. Finally, in discussing the future of qualitative research in education, Metz expresses concern that certain types of research may overwhelm and replace ethnographic methodology by co-opting the label of qualitalive research, and proposes a methodological detente.
Distrust of the health care system and self-reported health in the United States

AbstractCONTEXT: Despite theoretical concerns that health care related distrust may lead to poor health outcomes by interfering with effective health care, little is currently known about the prevalence or outcomes of distrust of the health care system in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between distrust of the health care system and self-reported health status among the general population in the United States. DESIGN: Random-digit-dialing telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: Nine hundred and sixty-one adult residents of the continental U.S. PRIMARY MEASURES: Distrust of the health care system and self-reported health status. RESULTS: Distrust of the health care system is relatively high in the United States, with between 20% and 80% of respondents reporting distrust for each item on the Health Care System Distrust scale and a median scale score of 31 (potential range from 10 to 50). Distrust of the health care system is strongly associated with self-reported fair/poor health (odds ratio [OR] 1.40%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.75 for each standard deviation increase in distrust), even after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, access to health care and trust in primary physicians. In contrast, low trust in one’s primary physician is much lower (only 10% to 20% of respondents reported distrust for each item) and is not associated with health status. CONCLUSIONS: Distrust of the health care system is relatively high in the general population in the United States and is strongly associated with worse self-reported health. Further studies are needed to assess the direction of this association and the mechanisms involved.
Improving the moisturizing properties of collagen film by surface grafting of chondroitin sulfate for corneal tissue engineering

Abstract Cornea disease is the second cause of blindness and keratoplasty is the most commonly performed option for visual rehabilitation of patients with corneal blindness. However, the clinical treatment has been drastically limited due to a severe shortage of high-quality donor corneas. Although collagen film with outstanding biocompatibility has promising application in corneal tissue engineering, the moisturizing properties of collagen-based materials must be further improved to satisfy the requirements of clinical applications. This paper describes a novel collagen-based film with high moisture capacity reinforced by surface grafting of chondroitin sulfate. The collagen-chondroitin sulfate (abbreviated as Col-CS) film was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and its hydrophilic property, moisture retention, optical property, and mechanical performance had been tested. The moisture-retaining capacity is found to be improved with the introduction of chondroitin sulfate, and the Col-CS membrane performs better mechanical properties than the collagen film. Moreover, the modified film proves excellent biocompatibility for the proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro. This Col-CS film with good moisturizing properties can reduce the risk of xerophthalmia and is expected to increase the implant success rate in clinic patients with corneal defects.
Secure Spread-Spectrum Watermarking for Telemedicine Applications

This paper presents a secure spread-spectrum watermarking algorithm for digital images in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) domain. The algorithm is applied for embedding watermarks like patient identification/ source identification or doctors signature in binary image format into host digital radiological image for potential telemedicine applications. Performance of the algorithm is analysed by varying the gain factor, subband decomposition levels, size of watermark, wavelet filters and medical image modalities. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves higher security and robustness against various attacks.
The TONK score: a tool for assessing quality in trauma and orthopaedic note-keeping

Introduction: Medical case notes are the only lasting interpretation of a patient-physician interaction and are important for good quality patient care. Accurate, legible and contemporaneous note-keeping is important however it can be substandard. This can lead to errors in handover of patients and to medicolegal vulnerability. We present a comprehensive auditing tool for Trauma & Orthopaedics medical case notes and our experience in using it over the last 12 months. Patients and Methods: The TONK score was developed from a pre-existing system with some additions for Trauma & Orthopaedic case notes, with the incorporation of a legibility scoring system. An initial audit was carried out evaluating the case notes for each team against the TONK score. In order to evaluate the reproducibility of this score, we employed the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient and noted substantial agreement. The individual team scores were analysed and the audit cycle completed four months later with the provision of feedback. Results: Our first audit revealed a mean of 81 with a range from 70 to 90. Subsequent audits over the next two quarters revealed mean scores in excess of 90. Significant improvement has been noted in all areas of documentation and it has been decided to conduct this audit every six months in our department. Conclusions: The TONK score is an easy, quick and reproducible tool, which aims to eliminate the weaknesses in Trauma & Orthopaedic medical note-keeping. It emphasises the medicolegal importance of accurate medical note-keeping to doctors at all levels of training.
A Review of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene Climatic and Paleoecological Records in Tanzania

Climate change is poorly addressed in the developing countries particularly in tropical East Africa such as Tanzania. This paper aimed to reconstruct the late Pleistocene to Holocene Tanzanian climate change using proxies from terrestrial and marine environment. Although data are limited, the inferred major events were found to have a link with global events. In late Pleistocene, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Tanzania experienced aridity as the other areas in the tropics. This was followed by the humid high precipitation period, highly pronounced between 9-6 ka. Proxies indicate that the humid period was interrupted by a brief dry Younger Dryas (YD) around 13.0-11.5 ka and a cool dry event at 8.2 ka. Other remarkable events are the cool event in the mid Holocene at 5.2 ka and the global dry event at 4.0 ka. There is a general decrease in precipitation from 5 ka to present with the aridity being pronounced between 3-2 ka and 1.2-0.5 ka. Despite of relatively low precipitation in Late Holocene, wet conditions are inferred between 1.7-1.2 ka (being interrupted by remarkable episodes of aridity) and the late periods of the 19 th and 20 th centuries. The 20 th century which is marked by increased temperature is likely to cause changes in hydrological circle leading to the increase in heavy rainfall and drought periods. Through this study, it is revealed that works are limited and concentrated in some specific areas within the country which exhibit different climatic condition. As a result, some proxies particularly from Eastern Arc Mountains show contradicting records and, in some places, interpretation is partial due to extrapolation of the proxies which are not widely distributed within a specific climate zone.
The women's quarters in the historical hammam

Women's quarters in the historical hammam have had an ongoing impact on women's public lives in the Mediterranean in general and in Turkey in particular. Although the hammam is usually considered a Muslim space, its Roman roots connect its customers to other histories. In this respect, a comparative social and historical analysis of women's quarters of the hammam queries the so-called Islamic city as a standard and unchanging space distinct from its European counterparts. In this article, a hammam in Ankara, Şengül Hamamı, is presented as a changing space where women negotiate their status, social positions and safety in an urban environment. Women's usage of this space as such is achieved after they meet several challenges on their way to the hammam. These challenges involve discourses of safety and danger, purity and filth, as well as dress and undress, which all seem dichotomous but at the same time converge on different levels. As a result, these challenges contribute to the daily usage of the city by women as well as to how they negotiate the historical hammam.
Hunter gatherer: interaction support for the creation and management of within-web-page collections

Hunter Gatherer is an interface that lets Web users carry out three main tasks: (1) collect components from within Web pages; (2) represent those components in a collection; (3) edit those component collections. Our research shows that while the practice of making collections of content from within Web pages is common, it is not frequent, due in large part to poor interaction support in existing tools. We engaged with users in task analysis as well as iterative design reviews in order to understand the interaction issues that are part of within-Web-page collection making and to design an interaction that would support that process.We report here on that design development, as well as on the evaluations of the tool that evolved from that process, and the future work stemming from these results, in which our critical question is: what happens to users perceptions and expectations of web-based information (their web-based information management practices) when they can treat this information as harvestable, recontextualizable data, rather than as fixed pages?
Tissue Engineering of Vein Valves Based on Decellularized Natural Matrices

Valvular repair or transplantation, designed to restore the venous valve function of the legs, has been proposed as treatment in chronic venous insufficiency. Available grafts or surgeries have provided limited durability so far. Generating venous valve substitutes by means of tissue engineering could be a solution. We generated decellularized jugular ovine vein conduits containing valves (oVVC) after reseeding with ovine endothelial cells differentiated from peripheral blood-derived endothelial cells (oPBEC), cultivated in vitro corresponding to the circulatory situation in the lower leg at rest and under exertion. oVVC were decellularized by detergent treatment. GFP-labeled oPBEC were seeded onto the luminal side of the decellularized oVVC and cultivated under static-rotational conditions for 6 h (group I) and 12 h (group II), respectively. Reseeded matrices of group I were exposed to continuous low flow conditions (“leg at rest”). The tissues of group II were exposed to a gradually increasing flow (“leg under effort”). After 5 days, the grafts of group I revealed a uniform luminal endothelial cell coverage of the examined areas of the venous walls and adjacent venous valve leaflets. In group II, the cell coverage on luminal areas of the venous wall parts was found to be nearly complete. The endothelial cell coverage of adjacent venous valve leaflets was revealed to be less dense and confluent. Endothelial cells cultured on acellular vein tissues of both groups were distinctly orientated uniformly in the flow direction, clearly creating a stable and flow-orientated layer. Thus, an endothelium could successfully be reestablished on the luminal surface of a decellularized venous valve by seeding peripheral blood endothelial cells and culturing under different conditions.
Joint density of eigenvalues in spiked multivariate models

The classical methods of multivariate analysis are based on the eigenvalues of one or two sample covariance matrices. In many applications of these methods, for example, to high‐dimensional data, it is natural to consider alternative hypotheses that are a low‐rank departure from the null hypothesis. For rank 1 alternatives, this note provides a representation for the joint eigenvalue density in terms of a single contour integral. This will be of use for deriving approximate distributions for likelihood ratios and “linear” statistics used in testing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New candidate GHz peaked spectrum and compact steep spectrum sources

Data from a recent Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) program of multi-frequency, multi-epoch monitoring of 202 active galactic nuclei with declinations <+10 ◦ have been searched for GHz Peaked Spectrum (GPS) and Compact Steep Spectrum (CSS) radio sources. Supplementary data at higher and lower frequencies, where available, have been used to further examine the spectral properties of previously reported and new candidate GPS and CSS sources. The ATCA monitoring program has allowed the variability and polarization properties of sources previously reported as GPS and CSS sources, and the majority of new GPS and CSS candidates, to be investigated, confirming that these are useful diagnostics in discriminating genuine GPS and CSS sources from variable sources that display similar spectra only temporarily. GPS sources are confirmed to be generally more compact, and less polarized, than CSS sources, although CSS sources show evidence for being somewhat less variable than GPS sources at 1.4 and 2.5 GHz. In addition, the widths of GPS spectra are examined, and a significant difference is found in the GPS sample of Snellen et al. (2000) between sources with compact double (CD) or compact symmetric object (CSO) morphologies and sources with other morphologies, in that CD and CSO sources have generally narrower spectra. Possible reasons for this difference are considered.