Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habit in Personality and Social Psychology

Habits are largely absent from modern social and personality psychology. This is due to outdated perspectives that placed habits in conflict with goals. In modern theorizing, habits are represented in memory as implicit context–response associations, and they guide responding in conjunction with goals. Habits thus have important implications for our field. Emerging research shows that habits are an important mechanism by which people self-regulate and achieve long-term goals. Also, habits change through specific interventions, such as changes in context cues. I speculate that understanding of habits also holds promise for reducing intergroup discrimination and for understanding lay theories of the causes for action. In short, by recognizing habit, the field gains understanding of a central mechanism by which actions persist in daily life.
Local communities and private protected areas in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil: implications for sustainable development and nature conservation

The recent rapid proliferation of Private Protected Areas (PPAs) around the world has been attributed to the continuing process of neoliberalization and the commodification of nature. Although the numbers of PPAs have been growing in recent years, little research has been conducted on their everyday functions and particularly their interactions with local populations. Based on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork, this thesis focuses on a specific PPA, the Redonda Private Reserve in the Atlantic Forest region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and three local, surrounding communities, Jaba, Esperanca and Bamba. Through this focus, the thesis examines a number of issues, including the incentives and motives which lead landowners to establish and administer private reserves and how these influence the pattern of relationship formation between the reserve and the local communities. The research also considers the main implications of such private reserves for local people and their livelihoods. Finally, the thesis considers whether and how local people’s perception of the environment and the way they use their surrounding natural resources have changed since the establishment of the private reserve. A central contention of the thesis is that although often interpreted as ‘new’ or ‘modern’ and labelled as ‘contemporary’ solutions to common environmental problems, PPAs, particularly when considered in the context of their interaction with the affected local rural populations, cannot be analyzed in isolation from the wider socio-economic processes and local context where they are found. Thus, areas where PPAs emerge cannot be simply divorced from the past processes of territorialisation and land appropriation; rather, they must be understood as their continuation often reproducing pre-existing social and economic inequalities. For example, the proclaimed ‘modern’ way of relating to local men and women, such as through employment, can help to disguise the continuation of traditional social hierarchies, perpetuating unequal power and wealth distribution. The thesis also shows how local people are purposefully constructed by PPAs and their representatives to gain the sympathy of outside donors and thus secure the essential funding they depend on for their existence, facilitate control over the protected natural resources and eliminate or reduce local resentment. The implications of such social interactions are profound for both the involved rural communities and the natural environment that PPAs have been set up to protect.
Higher-order structure of mammalian chromatin deduced from viscoelastometry data.

The results of viscoelastometry (VE) for mammalian DNA have been puzzling because they have two orders of magnitude smaller measured viscoelastic relaxation times for mammalian chromosomes than that expected for DNA linear coils of chromosomal size. In an attempt to resolve this discrepancy, we have applied a recent model of G1 chromosome structure (J.Y. Ostashevsky, Mol Biol. Cell 9, 3031-3040, 1998) in which the 30 nm chromatin fiber of each chromosome forms a string of loop clusters (micelles). This model has two parameters: the number of loops per micelle (f) and the average loop size (Mf), which can be estimated independently from VE data. Using our VE data for plateau phase V79 Chinese hamster cells (unirradiated and X-irradiated with doses up to 40 Gy) we show that f approximately 13 , which is close to other estimates made using the model (f ranges from 10-20), and Mf approximately 2 Mbp, which is similar to estimates made from our nucleoid data (1.3 Mbp) and to estimates made in the literature using a variety of techniques (1-3 Mbp).
Reconceptualization of Glossalgia Issue, Solution Approaches

The article discusses current therapeutic trends in glossalgia treatment, clinical experimental justification of mesodiencephalon modulation as an effective physiotherapy method with regard to the above abnormality. The principal research method is a clinical experimental one. Major trends in glossalgia treatment have been marked out in the course of scientific search and analysis of theoretical data. Most common physiotherapy methods applied to treat glossopyrosis have been compared. By applying a deductive approach and considering basic etiopathologic mechanisms involved in the pathologic process, we have made a hypothesis of feasibility of the suggested treatment technique. This hypothesis was proved by clinical experiment, while recording and assessing qualitative and quantitative laboratory diagnostic parameters. Modern scientific views of glossalgia, its basic development mechanisms and treatment approaches have been described. Key principles of providing combined medical care to glossalgia patients have been established. Advantages and disadvantages of physiotherapeutic techniques used to treat glossalgia have been discussed. The efficiency of mesodiencephalon modulation as a part of combined treatment of burning tongue syndrome has been justified in theory and proved in practice. Application of mesodiencephalon modulation in glossodynia therapy allows for achieving more relevant clinical outcomes, as compared to other physiotherapeutic methods, while it is distinguished by a high etiopathogenic affinity to the above abnormality. Implementation of this technique is feasible and acceptable for broad clinical use. Due to incorporation of this technique into combined glossalgia treatment, medication load, treatment time, relapse rates can be reduced and quality of patients' life can be improved.
Experiential and Environmental Factors in Cancer: A Review of Research with Animals

&NA; The animal research dealing with experiential and environmental factors in cancer is reviewed. Despite the absence of a systematic approach to the role of psychologic factors in the pathogenesis of tumor states, it is concluded that the scientific evidence strongly supports the notion that center in animals can be influenced by experiential manipulations, and that further research afforts by psychologists are empirically justified.
A New Users Interests Prediction Method Based on Social Hub in Microblog

As a significant mean for users sharing useful information, microblogs have played an important role in people daily life. People are overwhelmed in a large amount of daily updated microblog information. It becomes increasing necessary for social network users to be recommended useful information of interest to them. In order to meet the demand of users we put forward a new method for user interest prediction. Previous works have focused on analyzing user’s social relations and time information by observing users’ history behavior. We extend currently approach by incorporating social hub information, such as social relations, topic correlations, and social hub interest trend and so on. Our performance evaluation by Pren demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the experimental results show that it can accurately predict uses’ interests.
My News Feed is Filtered?

Personalization algorithms, widely used by digital media sources, filter and prioritize news in ways that may not be apparent to users. Savvy media consumers should be aware of how this technology is used to tailor news to their tastes. This two-part study examines the extent to which US college students are aware of news personalization, and the actions and criteria that affect news selection and prioritization. Interviews with one set of students (N = 37) focus on the news sources they use most often to begin a news search. A subsequent survey given to a second set of students (N = 147) focuses on Google and Facebook, two influential gatekeepers. Results show that students are largely unaware of whether and how news sources track user data and apply editorial judgments to deliver personalized results. These studies identify aspects of news personalization that warrant greater attention in college curricula.
A gradient-based parameter identification method for time-delay chaotic systems

In this paper, the parameter identification problem for a general class of time-delay chaotic systems is considered. The objective of the problem is to determine optimal values for an unknown time-delay and unknown system parameters such that the dynamic model of the system best fits given experimental data. We propose a gradient-based optimization algorithm to solve this problem, where accurate values for the partial derivatives of the error function are obtained by solving a set of auxiliary time-delay systems. Simulation results for two example problems show that the proposed algorithm is robust and efficient.
The Market Timing Skills of Fund Managers in Less Developing Economies (A Case of Equity and Blended Funds in Kenya)

This paper evaluates the market timing of equity and blended mutual funds in Kenya for the period 1 st January 2006 to 31 st December 2009. The objective of the study was to examine fund managers’ market timing skill . The research was motivated by the fact that there is limited research on market timing skills of fund managers in less developed economies such as Kenya. The target population was all mutual funds in Kenya. The research used secondary source to collect data which included mutual funds daily returns and annual reports for the period 2005 to 2009. The data was used to calculate the net asset value and hence market timing skills of mutual funds in Kenya. The market timing skills were calculated by models developed by Treynor and Mazuy (1966). Using year by year basis, only blended funds show market timing effort as shown by positive market timing coefficient as compared to equity funds. However, the general finding was that all the market timing skills of fund managers were not significant. The implication is that the fund managers in Kenya have no market timing skills over the research period.
Resource Reclaiming in Real-Time

Resource reclaiming refers to the problem of utilizing the resources left unused by a task when it executes in less than its worst-case computation time, or when a task is deleted from the current schedule. In dynamic real-time multiprocessor environments, resource reclaiming can be used to improve the average performance. Dynamic resource reclaiming algorithms must be effective in reclaiming unused time and also avoiding any anomalies. The authors present resource reclaiming algorithms with these properties. These algorithms are designed to have time complexity independent of the number of tasks in a schedule. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated through simulation studies. The algorithms have also been implemented in the Spring Kernel. >
An Intelligence System Based on Social Web Mining and Its Application in Health Care in Hong Kong

In China, two systems—Chinese Information system for disease control and prevention (CDC) and the National Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Monitoring System--have been established for monitoring infectious diseases and for reporting ADR events. However, surveys have shown that nontrivial problems have affected the performance of these information systems adversely. Specifically, the absence of reasonable work and supervision systems, namely the systemic factors constitute the majority of the reasons for underperformance of these information systems. Also, not just some leaders but also quite a few doctors do not give sufficient importance to reports of infectious cases or ADR events, which is thought to be a waste of manpower and financial resources. Nowadays social media websites have attracted wide interest from both the academia and the industry, because of its very large user base, updating in real time, abundant incoming data and the fact that it offers prolific information about consumers’ behavioral characteristics. In this proposal, we plan to address the aforementioned issues by implementing an Intelligence System based on Social Web Mining (ISSWM). ISSWM can help detect ADR events, assess the trends of infectious diseases, probe people’s opinions towards some medical institutions or on healthcare related issues in real-time, at a cost that is extremely low compared with the existing systems. Keywords-big data; Web 2.0; social web mining; opinion mining; sentiment analysis; epidemics surveillance.
Airway angiopoietin‐2 in ventilated very preterm infants: Association with prenatal factors and neonatal outcome

Pulmonary angiogenesis is a prerequisite for lung development. Angiopoietin‐2 (Ang2) destabilizes endothelial cells through its endothelial receptor TIE‐2, enabling vascular sprouting. Ang1 stabilizes new blood vessels. Soluble TIE‐2 (sTIE‐2) modulates these effects. We hypothesized that histological funisitis is associated with alterations of Ang2 in airways and of the systemic angiopoietin‐TIE‐2 homeostasis in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, contributing to pulmonary morbidity and mortality.
Crystal structure of a repair enzyme of oxidatively damaged DNA, MutM (Fpg), from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8

The MutM [formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase (Fpg)] protein is a trifunctional DNA base excision repair enzyme that removes a wide range of oxidatively damaged bases (N‐glycosylase activity) and cleaves both the 3′‐ and 5′‐phosphodiester bonds of the resulting apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP lyase activity). The crystal structure of MutM from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8, was determined at 1.9 Å resolution with multiwavelength anomalous diffraction phasing using the intrinsic Zn2+ ion of the zinc finger. MutM is composed of two distinct and novel domains connected by a flexible hinge. There is a large, electrostatically positive cleft lined by highly conserved residues between the domains. On the basis of the three‐dimensional structure and taking account of previous biochemical experiments, we propose a DNA‐binding mode and reaction mechanism for MutM. The locations of the putative catalytic residues and the two DNA‐binding motifs (the zinc finger and the helix–two‐turns–helix motifs) suggest that the oxidized base is flipped out from double‐stranded DNA in the binding mode and excised by a catalytic mechanism similar to that of bifunctional base excision repair enzymes.
Promotores and The Chronic Care Model: An Organizational Assessment

Although promising research is developing related to promotores and the Chronic Care Model (CCM), studies of the effectiveness of the integration of these two system innovations in addressing health disparities are limited. This article reports on an organizational assessment and analysis of promotores working in a system of federally-sponsored community health clinics along the United States–Mexico border where the CCM has been operationalized. The work of promotores was found to be largely invisible within the CCM. This highlights the need for further investigation if the potential of these combined system innovations to address health disparities among Hispanics is to be realized.
Continuity of antidepressant treatment for adults with depression in the United States.

OBJECTIVE Continuation of antidepressant treatment for depression beyond the first months helps to consolidate treatment response and to reduce the risk of early relapse. The authors sought to characterize the rate and pattern of antidepressant discontinuation among adults initiating antidepressant treatment for depression. METHOD Data were drawn from the household component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey for 1996-2001. Analysis was limited to data for adults age 18 years and older (N=829) who initiated antidepressant treatment for depression and who 1) discontinued treatment during the first 30 days of treatment, 2) completed the first 30 days of treatment and then discontinued treatment during the following 60 days, or 3) continued treatment for more than 90 days after treatment initiation. RESULTS A majority of the patients discontinued antidepressant therapy during the first 30 days (42.4%). Only 27.6% of the patients continued antidepressant therapy for more than 90 days. Antidepressant discontinuation during the first 30 days of treatment was significantly more common among Hispanics (53.8%) than non-Hispanics (41.3%); patients with fewer than 12 years of education (50.8%), compared with those with 12 or more years (39.3%); and patients with low family incomes (50.2%), compared with those with medium or high family incomes (38.6%). Patients were significantly more likely to continue antidepressant treatment beyond 30 days if they received psychotherapy (68.0% versus 43.7%), completed 12 or more years of education (64.8% versus 52.0%), or had private health insurance (60.1% versus 50.8%). Among those who continued antidepressants beyond 30 days, antidepressant continuity during the subsequent 60 days was significantly associated with fair or poor pretreatment self-rated mental health and physical health, treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Early discontinuation of antidepressant therapy is widespread in the community treatment of depression, especially among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients. Provision of psychotherapy and selection of an appropriate antidepressant medication may reduce the risk of discontinuation during the first 3 months of antidepressant treatment for depression.
Dolphins First: Dolphin-Aware Communications in Multi-Hop Underwater Cognitive Acoustic Networks

Acoustic communication is the most versatile and widely used technology for underwater wireless networks. However, the frequencies used by current acoustic modems are heavily overlapped with the cetacean communication frequencies, where the man-made noise of underwater acoustic communications may have harmful or even fatal impact on those lovely marine mammals, e.g., dolphins. To pursue the environmental friendly design for sustainable underwater monitoring and exploration, specifically, to avoid the man-made interference to dolphins, in this paper, we propose a cognitive acoustic transmission scheme, called dolphin-aware data transmission (DAD-Tx), in multi-hop underwater acoustic networks. Different from the collaborative sensing approach and the simplified modeling of dolphins’ activities in existing literature, we employ a probabilistic method to capture the stochastic characteristics of dolphins’ communications, and mathematically describe the dolphin-aware constraint. Under dolphin-awareness and wireless acoustic transmission constraints, we further formulate the DAD-Tx optimization problem aiming to maximize the end-to-end throughput. Since the formulated problem contains probabilistic constraint and is NP-hard, we leverage Bernstein approximation and develop a three-phase solution procedure with heuristic algorithms for feasible solutions. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of both network performance and dolphin awareness.
Late-onset paranoid psychosis as a distinct clinicopathologic entity: magnetic resonance imaging data in elderly patients with paranoid psychosis of late onset and schizophrenia of early onset.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to equalize the influence of age-related changes and to test the hypothesis that specific structural brain changes are mediating the development of unique clinical features in late-onset paranoid psychosis (LOPP). BACKGROUND Findings of unique white matter lesions have been recently described in patients with LOPP. These findings have not been consistent, however, when age-matched normal subjects have been used as a control group. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging data were compared in 13 patients with LOPP, mean age 66.33, and 35 elderly patients with early-onset paranoid schizophrenia (PSCH), mean age 63.89. Patients in the LOPP group differed from the PSCH group by the mild degree or absence of negative symptoms, the absence of formal thought disorders, and by prevalence of female patients. RESULTS Analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging data revealed statistically significant differences between the LOPP and PSCH groups. White matter hyperintensity was almost threefold more frequent in LOPP than in PSCH groups, 69.2% versus 22.9% respectively. Ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy were more frequent in the PSCH group, reaching, for moderate to severe abnormalities, 28.6% for ventricular enlargement and 22.9% for cortical atrophy; moderate to severe abnormalities were absent in all 13 patients of the LOPP group. CONCLUSIONS These data point to the possibility that late-onset paranoid psychosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity, with white matter hyperintensity mediating the development of LOPP in a significant percentage of the cases. The vascular origin of white matter lesions in LOPP is suggested.
On the use of redundancy in successive approximation A/D converters

In practical realizations of sequential (or pipelined) A/D converters, some form of redundancy is typically employed to help absorb imperfections in the underlying circuits. The purpose of this paper is to review the various ways in which redundancy has been used in successive approximating register (SAR) ADCs, and to connect findings from the information theory community to ideas that drive modern hardware realizations. Keywords— A/D conversion, redundancy, successive approximation, beta expansion
The effect of sex on the mean and variance of fitness in facultatively sexual rotifers

The evolution of sex is a classic problem in evolutionary biology. While this topic has been the focus of much theoretical work, there is a serious dearth of empirical data. A simple yet fundamental question is how sex affects the mean and variance in fitness. Despite its importance to the theory, this type of data is available for only a handful of taxa. Here, we report two experiments in which we measure the effect of sex on the mean and variance in fitness in the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus calyciflorus. Compared to asexually derived offspring, we find that sexual offspring have lower mean fitness and less genetic variance in fitness. These results indicate that, at least in the laboratory, there are both short‐ and long‐term disadvantages associated with sexual reproduction. We briefly review the other available data and highlight the need for future work.