Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metastable bcc-Ni and bcc-NiFe Single-Crystal Films Prepared on GaAs Single-Crystal Substrates With Different Orientations

Ni and Ni80Fe20 (at. %) epitaxial thin films are prepared on GaAs single-crystal substrates of (100), (111), and (110) orientations by ultra-high vacuum RF magnetron sputtering. The film growth behavior and the crystallographic properties are studied by reflection high energy electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Metastable bcc-Ni and metastable bcc-NiFe single-crystals of (100), (111), and (110) orientations respectively nucleate on GaAs substrates of (100), (111), and (110) orientations, where the bcc structure is stabilized through hetero-epitaxial growth. With increasing the film thickness, the bcc structure in Ni and NiFe films starts to transform into more stable fee structure. The bcc-fcc phase transformation orientation relationships observed for Ni and NiFe films on GaAs(100) and (111) substrates are fcc{100}{011} ||bcc{100}〈 001〉, whereas those for Ni and NiFe films on GaAs(110) substrates are fcc(111)[112̅] ||bcc(110)[11̅0] and fcc(111)[1̅1̅2] ||bcc(110)[11̅0]. The resulting films thus consist of mixtures of bcc and fee crystals. Metastable bcc structure is more stable in Ni film than in NiFe film on all the GaAs substrates. The lattice constants of bcc-Ni and bcc-NiFe crystals are determined to be αbcc-Ni = 0.292 nm and αbcc-NiFe = 0.291 nm, respectively. The in-plane magnetization properties of Ni and NiFe films grown on GaAs(110) substrates are reflecting the magnetocrystalline anisotropies of bcc-Ni and bcc-NiFe crystals, respectively.
The mediatory role of medication adherence in improving patients’ medication experience through patient–physician communication among older hypertensive patients

Background Understanding how patient–physician communication affects patients’ medication experience would help hypertensive patients maintain their regular long-term medication therapy. This study aimed to examine whether patient–physician communication (information and interpersonal treatment) affects patients’ medication experience directly or indirectly through changing medication adherence for each of the two communication domains. Methods A self-administered cross-sectional survey was conducted for older patients who had visited a community senior center as a member. Two communication domains were assessed using two subscales of the Primary Care Assessment Survey. Medication adherence and experience were measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and a five-point Likert scale, respectively. Mediatory effects were assessed via Baron and Kenny’s procedure and a Sobel test. Results Patient–physician communication had a positive prediction on patients’ medication experience (β=0.25, P=0.03), and this was fully mediated by medication adherence (z=3.62, P<0.001). Of the two components of patient–physician communication, only informative communication showed a mediatory effect (z=2.21, P=0.03). Conclusion Patient–physician communication, specifically informative communication, had the potential to improve patients’ medication experience via changes in medication adherence. This finding can inform health care stakeholders of the mediatory role of medication adherence in ensuring favorable medication experience for older hypertensive patients by fostering informative patient–physician communication.
The Role of Human Capital Formation in Poverty Mitigation: A Co-integration Analysis from Pakistan

The present study tries to explore the dynamic relationship between human capital formation and poverty mitigation by adopting the course of investment in education and health substances. For this sake, study takes heath expenditure and infant mortality rate as health indicators while status of education is captured with literacy rate and enrollment in higher education. Time series data is employed ranges from 1973-2013. The properties of time series data are inspected with the ADF test whilst PP test is employed for the robustness of unit root results. Mixed order of integration of data compels us to make use of ARDL technique for the estimation. Similarly, one unit change in health expenditures lead to reduce 0.251 units of poverty and one unit change in infant mortality cause to reduce poverty by 0.04 units. In last, one unit increase in literacy rate changes 1.03 units in poverty and one unit change in higher education results in 0.003 unit's change in poverty. The results of the study leave us with a clear finale for an optimal policy formulation that, Pakistan is in sturdy need of investment in health and education substances for a noteworthy accumulation of human capital for a right way poverty mitigation policy.
PMSM Control Based on Edge-Field Hall Sensor Signals Through ANF-PLL Processing

To detect the rotor angle of the permanent-magnet (PM) synchronous motor (PMSM), two linear Hall sensors are utilized to measure the fringe field of the PM from one end of the rotor. The measured signals look like sin θ and cos θ but contain large third-order harmonics. To remove the third-order harmonics, an adaptive notch filter (ANF) is utilized. Furthermore, the ANF is closely connected with an orthogonal phase-locked loop (PLL): The ANF eliminates the harmonics from the PLL input, and the PLL output is used for generating the harmonic reference signals that are required by the ANF. That is, the ANF utilizes the PLL outputs in removing the target harmonic components from the PLL inputs. The PLL angle estimates are used for implementing the field-oriented control of a PMSM. Experimental results in the low-speed region look better than the sensorless algorithms. This kind of edge-field detection method is advantageous since it is easy to install and less affected by the stator current, i.e., relatively robust to the armature reaction.
Evaluation of eCognition for Assisted Target Detection and Recognition in SAR Imagery

Defence R&D Canada - Ottawa (DRDC Ottawa) has been assessing custom off-the-shelf (COTS) software products and developing custom tools that can assist image analysts (IAs) to complete their tasks more quickly and efficiently. In some cases, IAs are tasked with detecting targets of interest within large-area surveillance operations, and these detection tasks may be repeated with a regular flow of incoming imagery. SAR imagery is a data source of choice for large-scale detection operations due to its ability to image in all weather conditions without external illumination sources. An activity was undertaken to evaluate ecognition (a COTS product) for target detection in SAR imagery and as a means of facilitating workflow improvements in the course of target detection and surveillance activities. eCognition is segmentation-based classifier that uses fuzzy reasoning techniques, enabling users to represent fuzzy rules in a human reasoning-like form. It offers the promise of being a usable tool that fulfills the objective of providing improvements over the traditional practice of manual inspection for target detection and surveillance. This paper reports on the evaluation process and findings when using ecognition for ship detection and land vehicle detection in SAR imagery.
The pen and paper paradigm - supporting multiple users on the Virtual Table

The Virtual Table presents stereoscopic graphics to usually a single user in a workbench like setting. The paper describes the pen and paper paradigm, which besides being an easy to use user interface for sketching or similar tasks, provides the possibility for several users to work on the Virtual Table at the same time. They are not only able to move objects or to sketch on them independently, but they even can view the objects they are working on in a stereoscopic mode with the correct perspective due to individual head tracking. This way the Virtual Table becomes usable for groups of users, too. At the same time the pen and paper paradigm in combination with two handed input creates a very intuitive user interface for drawing, sketching or painting tasks.
A closed literature-based discovery technique finds a mechanistic link between hypogonadism and diminished sleep quality in aging men.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep quality commonly diminishes with age, and, further, aging men often exhibit a wider range of sleep pathologies than women. We used a freely available, web-based discovery technique (Semantic MEDLINE) supported by semantic relationships to automatically extract information from MEDLINE titles and abstracts. DESIGN We assumed that testosterone is associated with sleep (the A-C relationship in the paradigm) and looked for a mechanism to explain this association (B explanatory link) as a potential or partial mechanism underpinning the etiology of eroded sleep quality in aging men. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Review of full-text papers in critical nodes discovered in this manner resulted in the proposal that testosterone enhances sleep by inhibiting cortisol. Using this discovery method, we posit, and could confirm as a novel hypothesis, cortisol as part of a mechanistic link elucidating the observed correlation between decreased testosterone in aging men and diminished sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS This approach is publically available and useful not only in this manner but also to generate from the literature alternative explanatory models for observed experimental results.
Involvement of CCR5 Signaling in Macrophage Recruitment to Porcine Islet Xenografts

Background. Porcine antigen primed and CD4+ T-cell-activated macrophages are capable of both recognition and rejection of porcine xenografts. However, the specific signaling mechanisms involved remains to be addressed. The aim of this study was to examine the role of chemokine receptor and CD40 signaling in macrophage recruitment and graft destruction. Methods. Macrophages were isolated from rejecting CCR2−/−, CCR5−/−, CD40−/− and control C57BL/6 mice that were recipients of neonatal porcine pancreatic cell cluster (NPCC) xenografts and were transferred to NPCC recipient NOD-SCID mice. Results. Macrophages isolated from rejecting NPCC xenografts in CD40−/− and wildtype C57BL/6 mice demonstrated upregulated expression of macrophage activation markers as well as CCR5 and CCR2 genes, and caused pig islet xenograft destruction 8 days after transfer to NOD-SCID recipients. Graft infiltrating macrophages from rejecting CCR2−/− mice showed a similar activation phenotype and destroyed NPCC xenografts 10 days after transfer to NOD-SCID mice. Blockade of MCP-1 by anti-MCP-1 mAb did not prolong graft survival in CD4+ T cell reconstituted NPCC recipient NOD-SCID mice. By contrast, the graft infiltrating macrophages from rejecting CCR5−/− recipients showed impaired macrophage activation when compared to control C57BL/6 recipients, and transfer of these macrophages did not result in xenograft destruction in NOD-SCID recipients until day 16 after transfer. Analysis of graft infiltrating macrophages from these rejecting NOD-SCID mice showed an impaired activation phenotype. Conclusion. These results demonstrate that CCR5 is involved in both the activation and recruitment of macrophages to rejecting islet xenografts but other pathways are involved.
Estimation of market prices of risks in the G.A.R.C.H. diffusion model

Abstract In this paper we propose an estimation procedure which uses joint data on the underlying asset and option prices to extract market prices of return and volatility risks in the context of the G.A. R.C. H. diffusion model. The procedure is flexible and simple to implement. Firstly, a quasi-closed form pricing formula for European options in the G.A. R.C. H. diffusion model is derived. This result greatly eases the computational burden for computing option prices, and well suited for our model estimation. Then, based upon the joint data, we develop an efficient importance sampling-based maximum likelihood (E.I.S.-M.L.) estimation method for the objective and risk-neutral parameters of the G.A. R.C. H. diffusion model and a particle filter algorithm for latent state variable. Hence, this allows us to infer the market prices of risks that link the objective measure and the risk-neutral measure. Finally, we illustrate our approach using actual data on the Hang Seng Index (H.S.I.) and index warrant prices. The results show that both the return and volatility risks are priced by the market. Moreover, an option pricing study demonstrates that the market price of the volatility risk plays an important role in fitting option prices.
Effect of Standardized Surveillance of Intensive Care Unit–Acquired Infections on Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Incidence

In a multicenter surveillance of intensive care unit (ICU)–acquired infections, adjusted ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence diminished by −1.0% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], −1.8 to −0.2; P = .02) in ICUs with continuous surveillance but increased by +16.1% (95% CI, 0.5%–34.1%; P = .04) in the year following surveillance disruption, suggesting a preventive effect of surveillance on VAP. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(10):1290–1293
Transferrin conjugates of doxorubicin: synthesis, characterization, cellular uptake, and in vitro efficacy.

One strategy for improving the antitumor selectivity and toxicity profile of antitumor agents is to design drug carrier systems employing suitable carrier proteins. Thus, thiolated human serum transferrin was conjugated with four maleimide derivatives of doxorubicin that differed in the stability of the chemical link between drug and spacer. Of the maleimide derivatives, 3-maleimidobenzoic or 4-maleimidophenylacetic acid was bound to the 3'-amino position of doxorubicin through a benzoyl or phenylacetyl amide bond, and 3-maleimidobenzoic acid hydrazide or 4-maleimidophenylacetic acid hydrazide was bound to the 13-keto position through a benzoyl hydrazone or phenylacetyl hydrazone bond. The acid-sensitive transferrin conjugates prepared with the carboxylic hydrazone doxorubicin derivatives exhibited an inhibitory efficacy in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line and U937 leukemia cell line comparable to that of the free drug (employing the BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) incorporation assay and tritiated thymidine incorporation assay, respectively, IC50 approximately 0.1-1 mM), whereas conjugates with the amide derivatives showed no activity. Furthermore, antiproliferative activity of the most active transferrin conjugate (i.e. the conjugate containing a benzoyl hydrazone link) was demonstrated in the LXFL 529 lung carcinoma cell line employing a sulforhodamine B assay. In contrast to in vitro studies in tumor cells, cell culture experiments performed with human endothelial cells (HUVEC) showed that the acid-sensitive transferrin conjugates of doxorubicin were significantly less active than free doxorubicin (IC50 values approximately 10-40 higher by the BrdU incorporation assay), indicating selectivity of the doxorubicin-transferrin conjugates for tumor cells. Fluorescence microscopy studies in the MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell showed that free doxorubicin accumulates in the cell nucleus, whereas doxorubicin of the transferrin conjugates is found localized primarily in the cytoplasm. The differences in the intracellular distribution between transferrin-doxorubicin conjugates and doxorubicin were confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy in LXFL 529 cells after a 24 h incubation that revealed an uptake and mode of action other than intercalation with DNA. The relationship between stability, cellular uptake, and cytotoxicity of the conjugates is discussed.
Further test on stock liquidity risk with a relative measure

Negative relationship between stockâ€™s return and its liquidity suggests that illiquid stocks are riskier than liquid stocks hence illiquid stocks should earn more return. Researchers subsequently considered liquidity as another variable for asset pricing when they found commonality in liquidity. Earlier studies tested stock and market liquidities independently. We therefore further test the relationship of stockâ€™s return with its liquidity relative to market-wide liquidity by a relative measure linking the individual liquidity with market-wide liquidity. Results confirm the negative relationship between stockâ€™s return and liquidity, but the relationship is non-linear and the relative measure of liquidity complements the liquidity measures used in prior studies. We find that fluctuations in relative liquidity do not have positive effect on stock return, raising a question whether variability in liquidity captures liquidity risk.
Doublet‐Mediated DNA Rearrangement—A Novel and Potentially Underestimated Mechanism for the Formation of Recurrent Pathogenic Deletions

Deletions and duplications of genomic DNA contribute to evolution, phenotypic diversity, and human disease. The underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We identified deletions of exon 10 of the SPAST gene in two unrelated families with hereditary spastic paraplegia. We excluded a founder event, but observed that the breakpoints map to identical repeat regions. These regions likely represent an intragenic “doublet,” that is, an enigmatic class of local duplications. The fusion sequences for both deletions are compatible with recombination‐based as well as with replication‐based mechanisms. Searching the literature, we identified a partial SLC24A4 deletion that involved two copies of another doublet, and was likely formed in an analogous way. Comparing the SPAST and the SLC24A4 doublets with doublets identified previously suggested that many additional doublets have a high potential for triggering rearrangements. Considering that doublets are still being formed in the human genome, and that they likely create high local instability, we suggest that a two‐step mechanism consisting of doublet generation and subsequent doublet‐mediated deletion/duplication may underlie certain copy‐number changes for which other mechanisms are currently assumed. Further studies are necessary to delineate the significance of the thus‐far understudied doublets for the formation of copy‐number variation.
CROWDSOURCING BASED 3 D MODELING

Web-based photo albums that support organizing and viewing the users’ images are widely used. These services provide a convenient solution for storing, editing and sharing images. In many cases, the users attach geotags to the images in order to enable using them e.g. in location based applications on social networks. Our paper discusses a procedure that collects open access images from a site frequently visited by tourists. Geotagged pictures showing the image of a sight or tourist attraction are selected and processed in photogrammetric processing software that produces the 3D model of the captured object. For the particular investigation we selected three attractions in Budapest. To assess the geometrical accuracy, we used laser scanner and DSLR as well as smart phone photography to derive reference values to enable verifying the spatial model obtained from the web-album images. The investigation shows how detailed and accurate models could be derived applying photogrammetric processing software, simply by using images of the community, without visiting the site.
Understanding the US Natural Gas Market: A Markov Switching VAR Approach

Over the past three decades, the US natural gas market has witnessed significant changes. Utilizing a standard Bayesian model comparison method, this paper formally determines four regimes existing in the market. It then employs a Markov switching vector autoregressive model to investigate the regime-dependent responses of the market to its fundamental shocks. The results reveal that the US natural gas market tends to be much more sensitive to shocks occurring in regimes existing after the Decontrol Act 1989 than the other regimes. The paper also finds that shocks to the natural gas demand and price have negligible effects on natural gas production while the price of natural gas is mainly driven by specific demand shocks. Augmenting the model by incorporating the price of crude oil, the results show that the impacts of oil price shocks on natural gas prices are relatively small and regime-dependent.
Defending Against Buffer Map Cheating in DONet-Like P2P Streaming

Data-driven overlay network (DONet)-like P2P system is especially suitable to support live stream applications, since its data structure can tolerate node dynamics quite well. However, optimal streaming demands the cooperation of individual nodes. If selfish nodes cheat about their buffer maps to reduce the forwarding burden, the overall streaming quality would be negatively affected. To defend against this kind of cheating, we design a trustworthy service-differentiation based incentive mechanism with low complexity in this paper. The mechanism is composed of the service-differentiation algorithm and the contribution-evaluation algorithm. Compared with other studies in this area, the primary characteristic of our mechanism lies in two aspects. Firstly, the contribution of each node is evaluated considering the features of live streaming, not just by the transferring bytes. Secondly, the potential cheating behavior of overlay nodes during the fulfillment of incentive algorithms can be avoided, which is usually not considered by other similar studies. Extensive simulations suggest that the algorithms are indeed effective for defending against buffer map cheating in DONet-like P2P streaming.
Accurate and Efficient Modeling of FET Cold Noise Sources Using ANNs

Accurate and efficient models of the available output noise temperature of a field-effect transistor (FET) cold noise source were developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Radial basis function and backpropagation (BP) architectures were used for this application, and the models were obtained from measured data of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) metal-semiconductor FET (MESFET) with a gate width and a 0.25-mum gate length. Two-input one-output ANNs were developed for incident noise temperature versus load reflection coefficient, as well as incident noise temperature versus load impedance for different percentages of training data. The most accurate model was a BP network that used 75% of the measured data and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for training and was for incident noise temperature versus load impedance with average relative error (ARE) and maximum local relative error (MLRE) values of 0.1439% and 1.1544%, respectively. The most efficient model was a BP network that used only 42% of the measured data and the resilient backpropagation algorithm for training and was for incident noise temperature versus load impedance with an ARE of 0.1940% and an MLRE of less than 5%. To further validate the modeling process, a set of measured data from a GaAs MESFET with a gate width and a 0.25- gate length was used with the architecture of the previous models to develop new models. All results demonstrated that ANNs can accurately and efficiently predict incident noise temperature of cold noise sources.