Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community pharmacist targeted screening for chronic kidney disease

More than 1 in 10 adults in Canada is living with chronic kidney disease (CKD),1 defined as a reduction in kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or markers of kidney damage (albuminuria ≥3 mg/mmol or abnormalities in urine sediment or renal imaging) for more than 3 months.2 Individuals with CKD require more intensive follow-up due to their reduced renal function, increased cardiovascular risk and multiple associated comorbidities.3 Early detection can help optimize the treatment, prevent or slow the progression of the disease and ultimately improve the quality of life of patients with CKD.4-6 Early stages of CKD are often asymptomatic, making preventive efforts difficult. Indeed, Mitra and Bradley7 identified that a large proportion of patients in the community are underdiagnosed and undertreated for CKD. As such, the use of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines to aid in targeted screening, early detection and management of such patients has been recommended.1 The CKD Clinical Pathway was developed to provide guidance on these issues in this high-risk population.8 The CKD Clinical Pathway is an online tool modeled after the successful National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) clinical pathways. It was developed by a team of stakeholders that included nephrologists, pharmacists, primary care physicians, nurses, other health care professionals, information technology specialists, web developers and designers to aid in the diagnosis, management and referral of adults with CKD in the community. The content in the CKD Clinical Pathway is evidence based and combines a group of national and international guidelines.2,9-14 This ensures that the recommendations are relevant and harmonized across Canada. More information on the CKD Clinical Pathway is available at www.ckdpathway. ca. Pharmacists are frontline health care professionals who see patients with, and at risk of, CKD frequently and therefore could systematically identify these individuals and assist in their management. Moreover, pharmacists’ scope of practice has expanded in Alberta, allowing them to order and view laboratory tests. As such, we undertook this study to evaluate pharmacists’ application of the CKD Clinical Pathway in the screening and identification of patients with CKD, particularly those with previously unrecognized CKD.
Functional Performance Deficits in Patients With CAI: Validity of the Multiple Hop Test

Objectives:To investigate the reliability and validity of a functional performance test in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design:Cross-sectional study. Setting:All tests were conducted in the practice room of the physical therapy department of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Participants:Twenty-nine healthy subjects and 29 patients with CAI were selected. For the main outcome measurements, participants performed a multiple hop test two times, within a 1-week time interval. Subjects hopped on 10 different tape markers and had to try to avoid making any postural correction. Only when subjects stood still were they allowed to continue hopping. The time needed to complete the test and VAS scores for the perceived difficulty were assessed. Results:In unstable ankles, ICCs of time values were >0.90 (SEM = 2.3 seconds); Spearman rho values of VAS scores were >0.80. When hopping on their unstable ankles, patients (41.1 ± 12.6 seconds) needed significantly more time to complete the test than healthy subjects (31.4 ± 5.0 seconds; test: P = 0.000; retest: P = 0.002) or when compared with their unaffected contralateral ankles (38.0 ± 7.1 seconds; test: P = 0.047; retest: P = 0.009). Only with respect to the dominant ankles, patients (median = 64 mm) perceived the test as significantly more difficult than did healthy subjects (median = 37 mm; test: P = 0.018; retest: P = 0.002). VAS scores of unstable ankles in patients (median = 50 mm) were significantly higher than their contralateral, unaffected ankles (median = 30 mm; test: P = 0.001; retest: P = 0.002). Conclusions:The multiple hop test is a reliable test demonstrating functional performance deficits in patients with CAI.
Neuropsychological Predictors of BOLD Response During a Spatial Working Memory Task in Adolescents: What Can Performance Tell Us About fMRI Response Patterns?

The relationship between standardized neuropsychological test performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response during cognitive tasks is largely unknown. This exploratory investigation examined the relationship between neuropsychological test performance and fMRI response to a spatial working memory (SWM) task among 49 typically developing adolescents. Participants were administered a variety of neuropsychological tests in the domains of working memory, visuospatial skills, executive functioning, attention, learning and memory, visuomotor skills and processing speed, and language functioning. Neuropsychological domain scores were used to predict fMRI response during a SWM task. Results suggest that in many brain regions, neuropsychological performance negatively predicts fMRI response, suggesting that those teens with better neuropsychological abilities required fewer neural resources to adequately perform the task. This study provides further understanding of how neuropsychological abilities relate to neural activity during fMRI tasks, and provides an important link between neuropsychological and fMRI research. This study was supported by grants R21 AA12519 and R01 AA13419 from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD (Dr. Tapert) and the UCSD Fellowship in Biological Psychiatry and Neuroscience. Portions of this study were presented at the annual meeting for the International Neuropsychological Society, February 2003, Honolulu, Hawaii. We would like to thank Greg Brown, Sandra Kindermann, MJ Meloy, Lisa Caldwell, and Lauren Killeen for their valuable contributions to this research.
Drinking Motives, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Attraction in Youth

Sexual minority youth were found to be more likely to drink alcohol during weekdays compared to heterosexual youth. Drinking during weekdays was associated with consuming alcohol as a coping strategy. Sexual minority youth also more frequently consumed alcohol to eliminate personal worries (coping) and to not be excluded by their peers (conformity). Sexual orientation–related alcohol problems should be addressed at an early stage. Such efforts are likely to be effective if insecurities and stress related to sexual orientation are addressed as well.
Body Composition, Dietary Intake, and Energy Expenditure After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Laparoscopic Vertical Banded Gastroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective:To assess body composition, eating pattern, and basal metabolic rate in patients undergoing obesity surgery in a randomized trial. Introduction:There is limited knowledge regarding how different bariatric surgical techniques function in terms of altering body composition, dietary intake, and basic metabolic rate. Methods:Non-superobese patients were randomized to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGBP, n = 37) or laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LVBG, n = 46). Anthropometry, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), computed tomography (CT), indirect calorimetry, and reported dietary intake were registered prior to and 1 year after surgery. Results:Follow-up rate was 97.6%. LGBP patients had significantly greater reduction of waist circumference and sagittal diameter compared with LVBG. DEXA demonstrated a larger reduction of body fat in all compartments after LGBP, especially at the trunk (P<0.001). CT demonstrated more reduction of the visceral fat (P=0.016). Patients were able to eat all types of food after LGBP, although about 30% claimed they avoided fats. LGBP patients decreased their proportion of dietary fat significantly more than those operated on with LVBG (P = 0.005), who consumed more sweet foods and avoided whole meat and vegetables. Lean tissue mass (LTM) was proportionally less reduced, especially in men, after LGBP. The decreases in BMR postoperatively reflected the lower body mass in a pattern that did not differ among the groups. Conclusion:LGBP patients demonstrated better outcomes compared with LVBG patients in terms of body composition. Energy expenditure developed as expected postoperatively. A “steering” away from fatty foods after LGBP may be an important mechanism of action in gastric bypass.
Inhibition of the NS2B-NS3 Protease - Towards a Causative Therapy for Dengue Virus Diseases

The high impact of diseases caused by dengue viruses on global health is now reflected in an increased interest in the identification of drug targets and the rationale-based development of antiviral inhibitors which are suitable for a causative treatment of severe forms of dengue virus infections – dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. A promising target for the design of specific inhibitors is the dengue virus NS3 serine protease which – in the complex with the small activator protein NS2B – catalyses processing of the viral polyprotein at a number of sites in the nonstructural region. The NS3 protease is an indispensable component of the viral replication machinery and inhibition of this protein offers the prospect of eventually preventing dengue viruses from replication and maturation. After nearly a decade of mainly genetic analysis of flaviviral replication, recent studies have contributed substantial biochemical information on polyprotein processing including the 3-dimensional structure of the dengue virus NS3 protease domain, the mechanism of co -factor-dependent activation and sensitive in vitro assays which are needed for studies on substrate specificity and the development of high -throughput assays for inhibitor screening. This review discusses recent biochemical findings which are relevant to the design of potential inhibitors directed against the dengue virus NS3 protease.
Polyomavirus Large T Antigen Binds Cooperatively to Its Multiple Binding Sites in the Viral Origin of DNA Replication

ABSTRACT Polyomavirus large T antigen binds to multiple 5′-G(A/G)GGC-3′ pentanucleotide sequences in sites 1/2, A, B, and C within and adjacent to the origin of viral DNA replication on the polyomavirus genome. We asked whether the binding of large T antigen to one of these sites could influence binding to other sites. We discovered that binding to origin DNA is substantially stronger at pH 6 to 7 than at pH 7.4 to 7.8, a range often used in DNA binding assays. Large T antigen-DNA complexes formed at pH 6 to 7 were stable, but a fraction of these complexes dissociated at pH 7.6 and above upon dilution or during electrophoresis. Increased binding at low pH is therefore due at least in part to increased stability of protein-DNA complexes, and binding at higher pH values is reversible. Binding to fragments of origin DNA in which one or more sites were deleted or inactivated by point mutations was measured by nitrocellulose filter binding and DNase I footprinting. The results showed that large T antigen binds cooperatively to its four binding sites in viral DNA, suggesting that the binding of this protein to one of these sites stabilizes its binding to other sites via protein-protein contacts. Sites A, B, and C may therefore augment DNA replication by facilitating the binding of large T antigen to site 1/2 at the replication origin. ATP stabilized large T antigen-DNA complexes against dissociation in the presence, but not the absence, of site 1/2, and ATP specifically enhanced protection against DNase I digestion in the central 10 to 12 bp of site 1/2, at which hexamers are believed to form and begin unwinding DNA. We propose that large T antigen molecules bound to these multiple sites on origin DNA interact with each other to form a compact protein-DNA complex and, furthermore, that ATP stimulates their assembly into hexamers at site 1/2 by a “handover” mechanism mediated by these protein-protein contacts.
New Endotracheal Tube for Laser Surgery of the Larynx

The risk of combustion of endotracheal tubes during laser surgery of the larynx has been demonstrated. A new flexible metal endotracheal tube has been developed to obviate this risk. The laser beam is dispersed by the construction of the metal tube, thus assuring protection from both combustion and reflection.
Cooking up Food Embeddings Understanding Flavors in the Recipe-Ingredient Graph

Abstract—In this project, we explore the bipartite graph between recipes and ingredients. Previous work primarily used local, count-based metrics to explore the relationships between ingredients. We conduct a more complete exploration of the underlying network structure of ingredients through more rigorous graphical analysis and a novel graph analysis metric for finding substitute ingredients from edge weights. Further, we exploit advances in isomorphic problems in natural language processing to explore the latent flavor space in which ingredients and recipes are embedded. These flavor embeddings allow us to produce high quality substitute and ingredients pairs, understand the graph at a more global scale, and automatically generate new recipes.
Fall water requirements for seasonal diked wetlands at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge

This study presents measurements and modeled estimates of fall water requirements for the seasonal wetlands under moist soil management at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge in northern California, USA. For three representative seasonal wetlands on the refuge, we measured the total volume of water required to fill the units and partitioned this volume into three components: surface water volume, ET losses, and soil-saturation requirements. Flood-up of seasonal wetlands required an average inflow rate of 0.87 ha-m/ha, with a range from 0.55 to 1.08 ha-m/ha. Over half of this water goes to saturate the underlying soils. We present a model for determining the approximate fall water requirement of any seasonal wetland on the refuge, given information on the effective porosity, depth to groundwater, average precipitation and ET, and the volumetric capacity of the wetland. Using a combination of measurements and modeled or assumed rates, we estimated the total fall water requirements for the refuge for 1999, 2000, and 2001. The estimates compared favorably with measured fall water deliveries to the refuge for the three years. Lastly, we compared annual water requirements for seasonally flooded and permanently flooded wetlands at Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. Water requirements for the two wetland habitat types are approximately equal, although there are differences in the timing of demand and the consumptive use. Permanently flooded wetlands require water throughout the season to satisfy evapotranspiration needs, and none of this water is returned to the system. Seasonally flooded wetlands require water only in the fall during flood-up, and much of this water is returned to the system in the spring.
Influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin‐like endoprotease.

Many viruses have membrane glycoproteins that are activated at cleavage sites containing multiple arginine and lysine residues by cellular proteases so far not identified. The proteases responsible for cleavage of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus, a prototype of these glycoproteins, has now been isolated from Madin‐Darby bovine kidney cells. The enzyme has a mol. wt of 85,000, a pH optimum ranging from 6.5 to 7.5, is calcium dependent and recognizes the consensus sequence R‐X‐K/R‐R at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin. Using a specific antiserum it has been identified as furin, a subtilisin‐like eukaryotic protease. The fowl plague virus hemagglutinin was also cleaved after coexpression with human furin from cDNA by vaccinia virus vectors. Peptidyl chloroalkylketones containing the R‐X‐K/R‐R motif specifically bind to the catalytic site of furin and are therefore potent inhibitors of hemagglutinin cleavage and fusion activity.
Women Teaching Women's Health: Issues in the Establishment of a Clinical Teaching Associate Program for the Well Woman Check

SUMMARY The impact of screening programs for cervical cancer would be increased with the greater participation of currently under-screened women. Training for medical students and doctors in the fine technical and communication skills required in breast and gynaecological examinations would improve participation by increasing the confidence and skill of doctors in raising the issue of screening, thereby making the examination a more positive experience for women. Gynaecology Teaching Associate (GTA) programs, using specially trained standardized patients, have been used in over 90% of American and Canadian medical schools for more than ten years to provide such training. Australia has been slow to adopt this teaching method. A Clinical Teaching Associates in Gynaecology program (CTA) was first established in 1996 by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at the University of Queensland, building on the Pap test program from Adelaide. Other medical schools subsequently introduced such programs and in 2000, the Department of General Practice, University of Melbourne, established a CTA program based on the Queensland program, with a grant from PapScreen Victoria. This paper describes the methods of recruitment and training of CTAs, use of CTAs in the medical course, preliminary evaluation, and ethical and other issues in the Melbourne and Queensland University programs.
Mitigating the impact of acute and chronic post-thoracotomy pain.

ODERN THORACIC SURGERY is used to treat a wide variety of disease states ranging from infectious diseases to malignancies. Thoracotomy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can be associated with significant pain, which may negatively impact patient recovery, rehabilitation, and overall satisfaction with medical care as well as potentially lead to chronic postsurgical pain syndromes, underscoring the importance of optimizing pain control. Strategies for acute postoperative pain control and for the treatment of chronic postsurgical pain after thoracic surgery will be discussed.
Evolving new concepts in the assessment of aortic stenosis

Echocardiography has been pivotal in evaluating aortic stenosis (AS) over the past several decades. Recent experience has shown a wide spectrum in the clinical presentation of AS. A better understanding of the underlying hemodynamic principles has resulted in emergence of new subtypes of AS. New treatment modalities have also been introduced, requiring precise evaluation of aortic valve (AV) pathology for implementation of these therapies. This review will discuss new concepts and indices in the use of echocardiography in patients with AS. Specifically, we will address the hemodynamic characteristics, clinical presentation, and management of normal‐flow, high‐gradient; paradoxical low‐flow, low‐gradient; and classical low‐flow, low‐gradient aortic stenoses.
In-vitro fertilization of ruminants.

The first ruminant offspring from in-vitro fertilization was a bull calf born in 1981 (Brackett et aL, 1982). Since then, fertilization has been accomplished in vitro for the three domestic ruminants— cattle, sheep and goats. These developments are largely the result of recent advances in our understanding of oocyte maturation. sperm capacitation and embryonic development. It is the intent of this manuscript to address four questions concerning in-vitro fertilization with primary emphasis on cattle. The questions to be addressed are: (1) what are the uses or reasons for performing WE, (2) can it be done, (3) what are the relative efficiencies of each step and which steps need further development and (4) what are the physiological mechanisms through which the normal in-vivo or in-vitro fertilization process is accomplished.
Accurate, Robust, and Automated Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Brain Change Analysis

Quantitative measurement of brain size, shape, and temporal change (for example, in order to estimate atrophy) is increasingly important in biomedical image analysis applications. New methods of structural analysis attempt to improve robustness, accuracy, and extent of automation. A fully automated method of longitudinal (temporal change) analysis, SIENA, was presented previously. In this paper, improvements to this method are described, and also an extension of SIENA to a new method for cross-sectional (single time point) analysis. The methods are fully automated, robust, and accurate: 0.15% brain volume change error (longitudinal): 0.5-1% brain volume accuracy for single-time point (cross-sectional). A particular advantage is the relative insensitivity to differences in scanning parameters. The methods provide easy manual review of their output by the automatic production of summary images which show the results of the brain extraction, registration, tissue segmentation, and final atrophy estimation.
Conversion of notations

Music, engineering, mathematics, and many other disciplines have established notations for writing their documents. The effectiveness of each of these notations can be hampered by the circumstances in which it is being used, or by a user’s disability or cultural background. Adjusting the notation can help, but the requirements of different cases often conflict, meaning that each new document will have to be transformed between many versions. Tools that support the programming of such transformations can also assist by allowing the creation of new notations on demand, which is an under-explored option in the relief of educational difficulties. This thesis reviews some programming tools that can be used to manipulate the treelike structure of a notation in order to transform it into another. It then describes a system “4DML” that allows the programmer to create a “model” of the desired result, from which the transformation is derived. This is achieved by representing the structure in a geometric space with many dimensions, where the model acts as an alternative frame of reference. Example applications of 4DML include the transcription of songs and musical scores into various notations, the production of specially-customised notations to assist a sightimpaired person in learning Chinese, an unusual way of re-organising personal notes, a “website scraping” system for extracting data from on-line services that provide only one presentation, and an aid to making mathematics and diagrams accessible to people with severe print disabilities. The benefits and drawbacks of the 4DML approach are evaluated, and possible directions for future work are explored.
The glutamine-rich activation domains of human Sp1 do not stimulate transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Eukaryotic transcriptional activators have been classified on the basis of the characteristics of their activation domains. Acidic activation domains, such as those in the yeast GAL4 or GNC4 proteins and the herpes simplex virus activator VP16, stimulate RNA polymerase II transcription when introduced into a variety of eukaryotic cells. This species interchangeability demonstrates that the mechanism by which acidic activation domains function is highly conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. To determine whether such a conservation of function exists for a different class of activation domain, we have tested whether the glutamine-rich activation domains of the human transcriptional activator Sp1 function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report here that the glutamine-rich domains of Sp1 do not stimulate transcription in S. cerevisiae, even when accompanied by human TATA-box binding protein (TBP) or human-yeast TATA-box binding protein hybrids. Thus, in contrast to the case for acidic activation domains, the mechanism by which glutamine-rich domains stimulate transcription is not conserved between S. cerevisiae and humans.