Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEARCH, Evolution, And The Gene Expression Messy Genetic Algorithm

This paper makes an e(cid:11)ort to project the theoretical lessons of the SEARCH (Search Envisioned As Relation and Class Hierarchizing) framework introduced elsewhere (Kargupta, 1995b) in the context of natu-ral evolution and introduce the gene expression messy genetic algorithm (GEMGA)|a new generation of messy GAs that directly search for relations among the members of the search space. The GEMGA is an O(j(cid:3)j k (`+k)) sample complexity algorithm for the class of order-k delineable problems (Kargupta, 1995a) (problems that can be solved by considering no higher than order-k relations) in sequence representation of length ` and alphabet set (cid:3). Unlike the traditional evolutionary search algorithms, the GEMGA emphasizes the computational role of gene expression and uses a transcription operator to detect appropriate relations. Theoretical conclusions are also substantiated by experimental results for a test bed, comprised of di(cid:11)erent large, multimodal, scaled problems.
The hydrophobic effect and the influence of solute-solvent attractions

We have studied the effect of weak solute−solvent attractions on the solvation of nonpolar molecules in water at ambient conditions using an extension and improved parameterization of the theory of solvation due to Lum, Chandler, and Weeks [J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 4570]. With a reasonable strength of alkane−water interactions, an accurate prediction of the alkane−water interfacial tension is obtained. As previously established for solutes with no attractive interactions with water, the free energy of solvation scales with volume for small solutes and with surface area for large solutes. The crossover to the latter regime occurs on a molecular length scale. It is associated with the formation of a liquid−vaporlike interface, a drying interface, between the large hydrophobic solute and liquid water. In the absence of attractions, this interface typically lies more than one solvent molecular diameter away from the hard sphere surface. With the addition of attractive interactions between water and the har.
Concept Mapping as an Assessment Tool in Science Education

Concept mapping is a method to determine the achievement of knowledge. Concepts are linked with labelled lines to proposition. The concepts create a graphical structured meaningful relationship. The method is also proved to be effective for testing, indicating well students’ mentality and its structure. This article describes three case studies using concept maps as assessment tools. Two studies measured the necessity of animations describing abstract topics in chemistry. Memorizing time period, different learning materials, topics, and structure of animation were used as parameters. The third study detected the time when higher taxonomy scored concept maps were created. Could students find concept themselves from the exercise, or should they be given by the instructor? We argue that concept mapping method gives a unique possibility to visualize the structure of students’ knowledge.
Map torchlight: a mobile augmented reality camera projector unit

The advantages of paper-based maps have been utilized in the field of mobile Augmented Reality (AR) in the last few years. Traditional paper-based maps provide high-resolution, large-scale information with zero power consumption. There are numerous implementations of magic lens interfaces that combine high-resolution paper maps with dynamic handheld displays. From an HCI perspective, the main challenge of magic lens interfaces is that users have to switch their attention between the magic lens and the information in the background. In this paper, we attempt to overcome this problem by using a lightweight mobile camera projector unit to augment the paper map directly with additional information. The "Map Torchlight" is tracked over a paper map and can precisely highlight points of interest, streets, and areas to give directions or other guidance for interacting with the map.
Perceptual Alternation Induced by Visual Transients

When our visual system is confronted with ambiguous stimuli, the perceptual interpretation spontaneously alternates between the competing incompatible interpretations. The timing of such perceptual alternations is highly stochastic and the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We show that perceptual alternations can be triggered by a transient stimulus presented nearby. The induction was tested for four types of bistable stimuli: structure-from-motion, binocular rivalry, Necker cube, and ambiguous apparent motion. While underlying mechanisms may vary among them, a transient flash induced time-locked perceptual alternations in all cases. The effect showed a dependence on the adaptation to the dominant percept prior to the presentation of a flash. These perceptual alternations show many similarities to perceptual disappearances induced by transient stimuli (Kanai and Kamitani, 2003 Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 15 664–672; Moradi and Shimojo, 2004 Vision Research 44 449–460). Mechanisms linking these two transient-induced phenomena are discussed.
Allicin Induces Calcium and Mitochondrial Dysregulation Causing Necrotic Death in Leishmania

Background Allicin has shown antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo. However the mechanism of action underlying its antiproliferative effect against Leishmania has been virtually unexplored. In this paper, we present the results obtained in L.infantum and a mechanistic basis is proposed. Methodology/Principal Finding Exposure of the parasites to allicin led to high Ca2+ levels and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced production of ATP and elevation of cytosolic ROS. The incubation of the promastigotes with SYTOX Green revealed that decrease of ATP was not associated with plasma membrane permeabilization. Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining indicated that allicin did not induce phospholipids exposure on the plasma membrane. Moreover, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and TUNEL analysis demonstrated that allicin did not provoke DNA fragmentation. Analysis of the cell cycle with PI staining showed that allicin induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that allicin induces dysregulation of calcium homeostasis and oxidative stress, uncontrolled by the antioxidant defense of the cell, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and a bioenergetic catastrophe leading to cell necrosis and cell cycle arrest in the premitotic phase.
Essays on environmental regulations and performance of firms

There has been a surge in the development of new, non-traditional and innovative approaches to address environmental problems in the last three decades of U.S. environmental policies. These new approaches affect polluting behavior via instruments other than taxes, permits or direct imperatives. They rely heavily on active engagement, collaboration and information sharing among firms and industry peers. This dissertation adds to our current understanding of these newer approaches by studying how external pressures and internal awareness affect a firm's polluting behavior. Two essays focus solely on the role of the print media, an external pressure to firms, under the U.S. Toxic Release Inventory program. It first studies the association of media attention with socio-economic characteristics to help explain some findings associated with "environmental justice". It then studies whether such external pressure imposes reputation costs on a firm so that it may change subsequent toxic releases. The last essay focuses on internal awareness and considers a hypothesis whereby certain flexible forms of environmental regulations can benefit regulated firms by fostering innovation. It is known as the Porter hypothesis. Regulations typically impose costs thereby decreasing a firm's profit increasing opportunities. But this essay derives four examples consistent with the Porter hypothesis, within the standard assumptions of economic theory.
In intergroup conflict, self-sacrifice is stronger among pro-social individuals, and parochial altruism emerges especially among cognitively taxed individuals

Parochial altruism is decomposed in a tendency to benefit the in-group along with a tendency to ignore, derogate, and harm rivaling out-groups. Building off recent work suggesting that decisions to cooperate can be relatively fast and intuitive, we examine parochial altruism in intergroup conflict when cognitive deliberation is rendered difficult or not. Predictions were tested in an experiment using an incentivized Intergroup Prisoner’s Dilemma–Maximizing Differences Game with 95 subjects classified as either pro-social or pro-self being randomly allocated to high vs. low impulse-control conditions. Results showed, first of all, that self-sacrificial decisions to contribute were made faster than decisions not to contribute, and that faster decision time associated with more positive expectations of in-group members. Second, we observed that lowering impulse control with a difficult rather than easy Stroop Task increased the amount contributed to a pool that benefited in-group members while harming out-group members; thus reducing deliberation increased parochial altruism. Finally, results replicated earlier work showing that especially pro-social (vs. pro-self) individuals contributed more to the in-group and did not lower their contributions to the between-group pool that benefitted their in-group and, simultaneously, hurt the out-group. This pattern emerged independent of their impulse control. Thus, (in-group bounded) cooperation is more prominent among individuals with strong rather than weak other-regarding preferences. Moreover, the intuitive tendency to cooperate may have evolved in the context of intergroup conflict and therefore is sharp-edged—in-group bounded and including willingness to aggress out-groups.
Asynchronous data assimilation with the EnKF

Abstract This study revisits the problem of assimilation of asynchronous observations, or four-dimensional data assimilation, with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). We show that for a system with perfect model and linear dynamics the ensemble Kalman smoother (EnKS) provides a simple and efficient solution for the problem: one just needs to use the ensemble observations (that is, the forecast observations for each ensemble member) from the time of observation during the update, for each assimilated observation. This recipe can be used for assimilating both past and future data; in the context of assimilating generic asynchronous observations we refer to it as the asynchronous EnKF. The asynchronous EnKF is essentially equivalent to the four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var). It requires only one forward integration of the system to obtain and store the data necessary for the analysis, and therefore is feasible for large-scale applications. Unlike 4D-Var, the asynchronous EnKF requires no tangent linear or adjoint model.
Peak to average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems using PRC and clipping techniques in network simulator − 2

Communication plays a predominant role in one's life and is advancing exponentially with time. In early days, we used to transmit information in analog domain but now it's done using digital techniques which are far more efficient than previous techniques. Now days, all the single carrier systems are getting swapped by multi carrier systems such as CDMA and OFDM systems for better results. The use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing to tackle multipath fading has proved to be beneficial but large value of PAPR seems to affect the performance of this multiplexing technique. This paper focuses on two different techniques known as PRC methods and clipping methods to scale down large PAPR values. This work has been imitated using the typical OFDM system model and is interpreted using the Network Simulator - 2.
Shearlet-based sparse representation for super-resolution in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)

Diffusion Weighted (DW) imaging have proven to be useful in brain architectural analyses and in research about the brain tract organization and neuronal connectivity. However, the clinical use of DW images is currently limited by a series of acquisition artifacts, such as the partial volume effect (PVE), that affect the spatial resolution, and therefore, the sensitivity of further DW imaging analysis. In this paper, a new superresolution method is presented, given the redundancy present in this kind of images. The proposed method uses local information and a multiscale Shearlet transformation to represent the directional features and the spectral content of the DW images. A comparison of this proposal with a classical image interpolation method demonstrates an improvement of about 3 dB in the PSNR measure and 4.5% in the SSIM metric.
Dihedral f-tilings of the sphere by rhombi and triangles

We classify, up to an isomorphism, the class of all dihedral f-tilings of S^2, whose prototiles are a spherical triangle and a spherical rhombus. The equiangular case was considered and classified in Ana M. Breda and Altino F. Santos, Dihedral f-tilings of the sphere by spherical triangles and equiangular well-centered quadrangles. Here we complete the classification considering the case of non-equiangular rhombi.
Mechanisms of Disclosure: A Socio-technical Perspective on Sociality in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-playing Games

It is a mainstay in game studies that Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games are boasting social relations and community formation. Considering games as “sociotechnical” environments, this article studies how the usage of external communication technologies in an online video game guild shapes the members’ social dynamics. Based on a one-year ethnographic study of a women’s guild in The Elder Scrolls Online (TESO), the analysis shows that the infrastructure of TESO guards anonymous interaction by default and contributes to the game as a “safe space. ” The displacement of guild communication to media platforms outside the game, however, unleashed mechanisms of disclosure: a leakage of information from the private, domestic domain via TeamSpeak and the “sharing” imperative of personal information on Facebook. Such techno-induced forms of personal disclosure act as a double-edged sword: they strengthen the guild’s social bonds but, simultaneously, breed tensions, peer-to-peer surveillance, and social control within the guild.
The liquid-ordered phase in sphingomyelincholesterol membranes as detected by the discrimination by oxygen transport (DOT) method

Membranes made from binary mixtures of egg sphingomyelin (ESM) and cholesterol were investigated using conventional and saturation-recovery EPR observations of the 5-doxylstearic acid spin label (5-SASL). The effects of cholesterol on membrane order and the oxygen transport parameter (bimolecular collision rate of molecular oxygen with the nitroxide spin label) were monitored at the depth of the fifth carbon in fluid- and gel-phase ESM membranes. The saturation-recovery EPR discrimination by oxygen transport (DOT) method allowed the discrimination of the liquid-ordered (lo), liquid-disordered (ld), and solid-ordered (so) phases because the bimolecular collision rates of the molecular oxygen with the nitroxide spin label differ in these phases. Additionally, oxygen collision rates (the oxygen transport parameter) were obtained in coexisting phases without the need for their separation, which provides information about the internal dynamics of each phase. The addition of cholesterol causes a dramatic decrease in the oxygen transport parameter around the nitroxide moiety of 5-SASL in the lo phase, which at 50 mol% cholesterol becomes ∼5 times smaller than in the pure ESM membrane in the ld phase, and ∼2 times smaller than in the pure ESM membrane in the so phase. The overall change in the oxygen transport parameter is as large as ∼20-fold. Conventional EPR spectra show that 5-SASL is maximally immobilized at the phase boundary between regions with coexisting ld and lo phases or so and lo phases and the region with a single lo phase. The obtained results allowed for the construction of a phase diagram for the ESM-cholesterol membrane.
Physiological responses during matches and profile of elite pencak silat exponents.

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study describing the physiological responses during competitive matches and profile of elite exponents of an emerging martial art sport, pencak silat. Thirty exponents (21 males and 9 females) were involved in the study. Match responses (i.e. heart rate (HR) throughout match and capillary blood lactate concentration, [La], at pre-match and at the end of every round) were obtained during actual competitive duels. Elite silat exponents' physiological attributes were assessed via anthropometry, vertical jump, isometric grip strength, maximal oxygen uptake, and the Wingate 30 s anaerobic test of the upper and lower body, in the laboratory. The match response data showed that silat competitors' mean HR was > 84% of estimated HR maximum and levels of [La] ranged from 6.7 - 18.7 mMol(-1) during matches. This suggests that competitive silat matches are characterised by high aerobic and anaerobic responses. In comparison to elite taekwondo and judo athletes' physiological characteristics, elite silat exponents have lower aerobic fitness and grip strength, but greater explosive leg power (vertical jump). Generally, they also possessed a similar anaerobic capability in the lower but markedly inferior anaerobic capability in the upper body.
Protease nexin-1 and thrombin modulate neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and sensitivity to glucose deprivation-induced injury

Protease nexin-I (PN-1) is a 44 kDa serine proteinase inhibitor that rapidly inhibits thrombin by forming SDS stable complexes with serine at the catalytic site of the protease. Levels of both PN-1 and thrombin are increased in the brain in response to insults such as ischemia, suggesting roles in neural injury and repair processes. We now report that PN-1-protected cultured rat hippocampal neurons against glucose deprivation- induced damage (GDID), and the protection was abolished by equimolar thrombin. PN-1 reduced resting intracellular free calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) and attenuated the elevation of [Ca2+]i normally associated with GDID. Thrombin reduced neuronal survival and caused a significant increase in [Ca2+]i. Submaximally toxic levels of thrombin exacerbated GDID. Calcium responses to thrombin were attenuated in neurons contacting PN-1 immunoreactive astrocytes. These findings suggest that PN-1 and thrombin play important roles in modulating neuronal calcium responses, and vulnerability, to metabolic/excitotoxic insults.
Mobile Manipulation in Domestic Environments Using A Low Degree of Freedom Manipulator

We present a mobile manipulation system used by the Georgia Tech team in the RoboCup@Home 2010 competition. An overview of the system is provided, including the approach taken for manipulation, SLAM, object detection, object recognition, and system integration. We focus on our manipulation strategy, which utilizes a low-degree of freedom manipulator and makes use of the robot’s differential drive as part of the manipulation strategy. Empirical results demonstrating our platform’s ability to detect and grasp a variety of tabletop objects are presented.
Successful vs. Effective Real Managers

W hat do successful managers those who have been promoted relatively quickly have in common with effective managers those who have satisfied, committed subordinates and high performing units? Surprisingly, the answer seems to be that they have little in common. Successful managers in what we define as "real organizations" large and small mainstream organizations, mostly in the mushrooming service industry in middle America are not engaged in the same day-to-day activities as effective managers in these organizations. This is probably the most important, and certainly the most intriguing, finding of a comprehensive four-year observational study of managerial work that is reported in a recent book by myself and two colleagues, titled Real Managers.1 The startling finding that there is a difference between successful and effective managers may merely confirm for many cynics and "passed over" managers something they have suspected for years. They believe that although managers who are successful (that is, rapidly promoted) may be astute politicians, they are not necessarily effective. Indeed, the so-called successful managers may be the ones who do not in fact take care of people and get high performance from their units. Could this finding explain some of the performance problems facing American organizations today? Could it be that the successful managers, the politically savvy ones who are being rapidly promoted into responsible positions, may not be the effective managers, the ones with satisfied, committed subordinates turning out quantity and quality performance in their units? This article explores the heretofore assumed equivalence of "successful managers" and "effective managers. " Instead of looking for sophisticated technical or governmental approaches to the performance problems facing today's organizations, the solution may be as simple as promoting effective managers and learning how they carry out their jobs. Maybe it is time to turn to the real managers themselves for some answers. And who are these managers? They are found at all levels and in all types of organizations with titles such as department head, general manager, store manager, marketing manager, office manager, agency chief, or district manager. In other words, maybe the answers to the performance problems facing organizations today can be found in their own backyards, in the managers themselves in their day-today activities. The Current View of Managerial Work
A prediction techniques in resistive current measurement of metal oxide arrester

It is impossible for quantitatively forecasting the deterioration trend and service life through periodic test. The current of MOA under the operating voltage reflects the insulation performance or the nonlinear properties of its resistor. In this paper, a new predicting method is introduced to combine gray prediction using equal dimensional innovation with BP Neural Network through the optimal weighting algorithm and the method can be used to predict leakage current of MOA by on-line test. Through the experiments of current predicting of MOA, it is proved that the proposed method is of availability and practicality in the measurement. The method also provides a new idea for the data analysis in other experiment items in condition-based maintenance.
Entropy-Growth-Based Model of Emotionally charged Online Dialogues

We analyze emotionally annotated massive data from Internet relay chat (IRC) as well as from BBC forum website and model the dialogues between chat participants by assuming that the driving force for the discussion is the entropy growth of emotional probability distribution. This process is claimed to be responsible for a power-law distribution of the discussion lengths observed in the dialogues. We perform numerical simulations based on the noticed phenomenon obtaining a good agreement with the real data. Finally, we propose a method to artificially prolong the duration of the discussion that relies on the entropy of emotional probability distribution.