Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Impact of a Social Constructivist Teaching Approach, based on Trigger Questions, Through Measures of Mental Workload and Efficiency

Social constructivism is grounded on the construction of information with a focus on collaborative learning through social interactions. However, it tends to ignore the human mental architecture, pillar of cognitivism. A characteristic of cognitivism is that instructional designs built upon it are generally explicit, contrarily to constructivism. This position paper proposes a novel learning task that is aimed at combining both the approaches through the use of trigger questions in a collaborative activity executed after a traditional delivery of instructions. To evaluate this new task, a metric of efficiency based upon a measure of mental workload and a measure of performance is proposed. The former measure is taken from Ergonomics, and two well know subjective self-reporting mental workload assessment techniques are envisioned. The latter measure is taken from an objective quantitative assessment of the performance of learners employing concept maps.
WAVELET AND FOURIER TRANSFORMS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS IN AUTONOMIC NERVOUS STATUS TESTS

The objective of this study was to enable the assessment of modulated sympathovagal balance shifts in healthy subjects, provoked by a 30-min functional Combined Posture Test (CPT). Discrete wavelet transform (WT) and short-time Fourier transform were both performed to reveal very low frequency (VLF, 0.001-0.04 Hz) fluctuations in the heart rate variability (HRV). In our controlled experiments deep breathing-induced VLF peaks were detected by both methods. The VLF local maxima were more sharply outlined by the WT, which “zoomed in” on the lower frequencies with a satisfactory time resolution. STFT with a comparable frequency range generally showed smoother time-frequency representation in the high frequencies and between transients in the HRV signal, but responses to the non-stationarities during the test were blurred. Although not intended to replace entirely the classical STFT spectral analysis, but rather be used in a parallel way with it, the wavelet transform was shown to be diagnostically advantageous and appropriate for overall assessment of the rapidly changing autonomic balance during autonomic functional tests.
Toward a Realization of Knowledge Creation Grid for Big Data Era

We represent a new framework - Knowledge creation grid for Big data era. Currently, there are various types of data in various fields. The essences of ICT are "scale merit," "scope merit," and "connection merit. " The Big data itself represents "scale merit" and "scope merit," because there are massive of data and these data are utilized in various fields. However, the aspect of the "connection merit" in big data has not represented. To lead to value creation from such data, it is important to interconnect data set among heterogeneous fields. We propose Knowledge creation grid as the one method of interconnection for data set. Almost correlation between data sets are discovered by synchronization or co-occurring on spatiotemporal. We, persons discover correlation from the meaning of data. In this framework, a meaningful data set is abstracted and represented as knowledge. This abstraction as knowledge is possible to discover various effective correlations by diversity and consensus building. In this paper, we represent a whole design of Knowledge creation grid and its primitive functions to realize diversity and consensus building.
Placebo response in neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis of individual participant data

Background Understanding factors associated with high placebo responses in clinical trials increases the likelihood of detecting a meaningful treatment effect. The aim of the present study was to identify subject-level factors that contribute to placebo variability in patients with neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Multiple regression analysis of patient data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (duration >4 weeks) involving individuals with SCI was performed. Patient demographics, as well as injury and pain characteristics were examined for their association with changes in pain rating from baseline to the end of the trial (i.e., placebo response). The overall effect of individual predictors was quantified with meta-analysis statistics. Results A total of 276 patients with SCI from six studies were included in the analysis. Based on the meta-analysis of subject-level predictors, larger placebo responses were associated with male subjects (β=0.635; standard error [SE]=0.262; p=0.016) and higher baseline pain (β=−0.146; SE=0.073; p=0.044). There were no significant effects for injury characteristics (i.e., severity, level, and time since injury) or pain characteristics (i.e., location and evoked). No significant publication bias was detected. Conclusion The current meta-analysis of individual patient data demonstrated the importance of sex and baseline pain intensity on changes in pain ratings in the placebo arm of SCI central neuropathic pain randomized controlled clinical trials. Overall, our findings indicate that placebo responses occur independent of injury characteristics.
Low-Cost 3D Printing Orbital Implant Templates in Secondary Orbital Reconstructions.

PURPOSE Despite its increasing use in craniofacial reconstructions, three-dimensional (3D) printing of customized orbital implants has not been widely adopted. Limitations include the cost of 3D printers able to print in a biocompatible material suitable for implantation in the orbit and the breadth of available implant materials. The authors report the technique of low-cost 3D printing of orbital implant templates used in complex, often secondary, orbital reconstructions. METHODS A retrospective case series of 5 orbital reconstructions utilizing a technique of 3D printed orbital implant templates is presented. Each patient's Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine data were uploaded and processed to create 3D renderings upon which a customized implant was designed and sent electronically to printers open for student use at our affiliated institutions. The mock implants were sterilized and used intraoperatively as a stencil and mold. The final implant material was chosen by the surgeons based on the requirements of the case. RESULTS Five orbital reconstructions were performed with this technique: 3 tumor reconstructions and 2 orbital fractures. Four of the 5 cases were secondary reconstructions. Molded Medpor Titan (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) implants were used in 4 cases and titanium mesh in 1 case. The stenciled and molded implants were adjusted no more than 2 times before anchored in place (mean 1). No case underwent further revision. CONCLUSIONS The technique and cases presented demonstrate 1) the feasibility and accessibility of low-cost, independent use of 3D printing technology to fashion patient-specific implants in orbital reconstructions, 2) the ability to apply this technology to the surgeon's preference of any routinely implantable material, and 3) the utility of this technique in complex, secondary reconstructions.
Critical thinking skills in nursing students: comparison of simulation-based performance with metrics.

AIM This paper is a report of an examination of the relationship between metrics of critical thinking skills and performance in simulated clinical scenarios. BACKGROUND Paper and pencil assessments are commonly used to assess critical thinking but may not reflect simulated performance. METHODS In 2007, a convenience sample of 36 nursing students participated in measurement of critical thinking skills and simulation-based performance using videotaped vignettes, high-fidelity human simulation, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory and California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Simulation-based performance was rated as 'meeting' or 'not meeting' overall expectations. Test scores were categorized as strong, average, or weak. RESULTS Most (75.0%) students did not meet overall performance expectations using videotaped vignettes or high-fidelity human simulation; most difficulty related to problem recognition and reporting findings to the physician. There was no difference between overall performance based on method of assessment (P = 0.277). More students met subcategory expectations for initiating nursing interventions (P ≤ 0.001) using high-fidelity human simulation. The relationship between videotaped vignette performance and critical thinking disposition or skills scores was not statistically significant, except for problem recognition and overall critical thinking skills scores (Cramer's V = 0.444, P = 0.029). There was a statistically significant relationship between overall high-fidelity human simulation performance and overall critical thinking disposition scores (Cramer's V = 0.413, P = 0.047). CONCLUSION Students' performance reflected difficulty meeting expectations in simulated clinical scenarios. High-fidelity human simulation performance appeared to approximate scores on metrics of critical thinking best. Further research is needed to determine if simulation-based performance correlates with critical thinking skills in the clinical setting.
Palpebral Lipogranuloma Caused by Transcanalicular Ointment Injection After Laser Canaliculoplasty

Purpose: Laser canaliculoplasty is widely used to treat lacrimal duct obstruction. We describe 12 patients in whom eyelid lipogranuloma developed subsequent to laser canaliculoplasty, followed by tobramycin and dexamethasone, ofloxacin, or erythromycin ointment injected in the lacrimal duct. Methods: Clinical history, ocular workup, and CT were performed. Histopathologic examination was performed after eyelid tissue excision. Results: Over a period of 3 years, 12 patients were diagnosed with eyelid lipogranuloma caused by diffusion and deposition of ointment. Seven of 12 patients were injected with tobramycin and dexamethasone ointment, 3 patients were injected with ofloxacin ointment, and 2 patients were injected with erythromycin ointment. Histopathologic features of the excised tissue included multifocal spaces surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, considered to be lipogranulomatous inflammation. Conclusions: The incidence of lipogranuloma caused by transcanalicular ointment injection after laser canaliculoplasty is low. Surgical excision of the lipogranuloma should be performed only when it becomes relatively localized and has passed the acute phase of inflammation to avoid the recurrence of lipogranuloma and diffusion of the inflammation. A cosmetic outcome should be considered, and simultaneous blepharoplasty with transplantation of herniated fat pads may be performed in either or both eyelids to achieve a satisfactory appearance. Injection of ointment in the lacrimal duct should be avoided, as it might create unnecessary complications when a new channel is created or when canalicular walls are penetrated. Local massage after ointment injection is not recommended.
Who Survives on Death Row? An Individual and Contextual Analysis

What are the relationships between death row offender attributes, social arrangements, and executions? Partly because public officials control executions, theorists view this sanction as intrinsically political. Although the literature has focused on offender attributes that lead to death sentences, the post-sentencing stage is at least as important. States differ sharply in their willingness to execute and less than 10 percent of those given a death sentence are executed. To correct the resulting problems with censored data, this study uses a discrete-time event history analysis to detect the individual and state-level contextual factors that shape execution probabilities. The findings show that minority death row inmates convicted of killing whites face higher execution probabilities than other capital offenders. Theoretically relevant contextual factors with explanatory power include minority presence in nonlinear form, political ideology, and votes for Republican presidential candidates. Inasmuch as there is little or no systematic research on the individual and contextual factors that influence execution probabilities, these findings fill important gaps in the literature.
Induction of human cytochrome P450 3A4 by the irreversible myeloperoxidase inactivator PF-06282999 is mediated by the pregnane X receptor

Abstract 1. 2-(6-(5-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl) acetamide (PF-06282999) is a member of the thiouracil class of irreversible inactivators of human myeloperoxidase enzyme and a candidate for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. PF-06282999 is an inducer of CYP3A4 mRNA and midazolam-1′-hydroxylase activity in human hepatocytes, which is consistent with PF-06282999-dose dependent decreases in mean maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of midazolam in humans following 14-day treatment with PF-06282999. 2. In the present study, the biochemical mechanism(s) of CYP3A4 induction by PF-06282999 was studied. Incubations in reporter cells indicated that PF-06282999 selectively activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR). Treatment of human HepaRG cells with PF-06282999 led to ∼14-fold induction in CYP3A4 mRNA and 5-fold increase in midazolam-1′-hydroxylase activity, which was nullified in PXR-knock out HepaRG cells. TaqMan® gene expression analysis of human hepatocytes treated with PF-06282999 and the prototypical PXR agonist rifampin demonstrated increases in mRNA for CYP3A4 and related CYPs that are regulated by PXR. 3. Docking studies using a published human PXR crystal structure provided insights into the molecular basis for PXR activation by PF-06282999. Implementation of PXR transactivation assays in a follow-on discovery campaign should aid in the identification of back-up compounds devoid of PXR activation and CYP3A4 induction liability.
Quantitative analysis of TDLUs using adaptive morphological shape techniques

Within the complex branching system of the breast, terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) are the anatomical location where most cancer originates. With aging, TDLUs undergo physiological involution, re ected in a loss of structural components (acini) and a reduction in total number. Data suggest that women undergoing benign breast biopsies that do not show age appropriate involution are at increased risk of developing breast cancer. To date, TDLU assessments have generally been made by qualitative visual assessment, rather by objective quantitative analysis. This paper introduces a technique to automatically estimate a set of quantitative measurements and use those variables to more objectively describe and classify TDLUs. To validate the accuracy of our system, we compared the computer-based morphological properties of 51 TDLUs in breast tissues donated for research by volunteers in the Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank and compared results to those of a pathologist, demonstrating 70% agreement. Secondly, in order to show that our method is applicable to a wider range of datasets, we analyzed 52 TDLUs from biopsies performed for clinical indications in the National Cancer Institute Breast Radiology and Study of Tissues (BREAST) STAMP project and obtained 82% correlation with visual assessment. Lastly, we demonstrate the ability to uncover novel measures when researching the structural properties of the acini by applying machine learning and clustering techniques. Through our study we found that while the number of acini per TDLU increase exponentially with the TDLU diameter, the average elongation and roundness remain constant.
Transdiagnostic Treatment Personalization: The Feasibility of Ordering Unified Protocol Modules According to Patient Strengths and Weaknesses

Most patients in community practice attend significantly fewer sessions than are recommended by treatment protocols that have demonstrated efficacy in addressing emotional disorders. Personalized interventions that target the core processes thought to maintain a wide range of disorders may serve to increase treatment efficiency, addressing this gap. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the personalized delivery of a mechanistically transdiagnostic intervention, the Unified Protocol (UP) for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Using an AB phase change design in accordance with the single-case reporting guideline for behavioral interventions (SCRIBE), 18 individuals with heterogeneous emotional disorders were randomly assigned to receive UP treatment modules ordered according to either their pretreatment strengths or weaknesses. Results support the feasibility of reordering the treatment modules as the majority of patients presented with marked differences in skill levels, as well as the acceptability of this approach as patients in both conditions reported satisfaction with their assigned treatment order. Furthermore, the majority of patients demonstrated symptom improvement consistent with previously reported effects of the standard-order UP. Finally, there is preliminary evidence to suggest that those in the strengths condition displayed improvements in outcomes earlier in treatment than those in the weaknesses condition. Taken together, these findings offer preliminary support for improving treatment efficiency through the utilization of a personalized, strengths-based, transdiagnostic approach.
Estimating a Preference-Based Index from the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE-OM)

Background. The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological therapies in people with common mental disorders. The objective of this study was to estimate a preference-based index for this population using CORE-6D, a health state classification system derived from the CORE-OM consisting of a 5-item emotional component and a physical item, and to demonstrate a novel method for generating states that are not orthogonal. Methods. Rasch analysis was used to identify 11 emotional health states from CORE-6D that were frequently observed in the study population and are, thus, plausible (in contrast, conventional statistical design might generate implausible states). Combined with the 3 response levels of the physical item of CORE-6D, they generate 33 plausible health states, 18 of which were selected for valuation. A valuation survey of 220 members of the public in South Yorkshire, United Kingdom, was undertaken using the time tradeoff (TTO) method. Regression analysis was subsequently used to predict values for all possible states described by CORE-6D. Results. A number of multivariate regression models were built to predict values for the 33 health states of CORE-6D, using the Rasch logit value of the emotional state and the response level of the physical item as independent variables. A cubic model with high predictive value (adjusted R2 = 0.990) was selected to predict TTO values for all 729 CORE-6D health states. Conclusion. The CORE-6D preference-based index will enable the assessment of cost-effectiveness of interventions for people with common mental disorders using existing and prospective CORE-OM data sets. The new method for generating states may be useful for other instruments with highly correlated dimensions.
Title Functional polymorphism of the CK 2 α intronless gene plays oncogenic roles in lung cancer

Protein kinase CK2 is frequently up-regulated in human cancers, although the mechanism of CK2 activation in cancer remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the CK2a intronless gene (CSNK2A1P, a presumed CK2a pseudogene) in the pathogenesis of human cancers. We found evidence of amplification and over-expression of the CSNK2A1P gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer and leukemia cell lines and 25% of the lung cancer tissues studied. The mRNA expression levels correlated with the copy numbers of the CSNK2A1P gene. We also identified a novel polymorphic variant (398T/C, I133T) of the CSNK2A1P gene and showed that the 398T allele is selectively amplified over the 398C allele in 101 non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples compared to those in 48 normal controls (p = 0.013,0.05). We show for the first time CSNK2A1P protein expression in transfected human embryonic kidney 293T and mouse embryonic fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell lines. Both alleles are transforming in these cell lines, and the 398T allele appears to be more transforming than the 398C allele. Moreover, the 398T allele degrades PML tumor suppressor protein more efficiently than the 398C allele and shows a relatively stronger binding to PML. Knockdown of the CSNK2A1P gene expression with specific siRNA increased the PML protein level in lung cancer cells. We report, for the first time, that the CSNK2A1P gene is a functional proto-oncogene in human cancers and its functional polymorphism appears to degrade PML differentially in cancer cells. These results are consistent with an important role for the 398T allele of the CSNK2A1P in human lung cancer susceptibility. Citation: Hung M-S, Lin Y-C, Mao J-H, Kim I-J, Xu Z, et al. (2010) Functional Polymorphism of the CK2a Intronless Gene Plays Oncogenic Roles in Lung Cancer. PLoS ONE 5(7): e11418. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0011418 Editor: Chun-Ming Wong, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Received December 17, 2009; Accepted June 5, 2010; Published July 2, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Hung et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health (093708-01A3) and the Larry Hall and Zygielbaum Memorial Trust, and the Kazan, McClain, Edises, Abrams, Fernandez, Lyons and Farrise Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: jablonsd@surgery.ucsf. edu (DMJ); Liang.You@ucsfmedctr.org (LY) . These authors contributed equally to this work.
The impact of hyperglycemia on adhesion between endothelial and cancer cells revealed by single‐cell force spectroscopy

The impact of hyperglycemia on adhesion between lung carcinoma cells (A549) and pulmonary human aorta endothelial cells (PHAEC) was studied using the single‐cell force spectroscopy. Cancer cells were immobilized on a tipless Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) cantilever and a single layer of endothelial cells was prepared on a glass slide. The measured force‐distance curves provided information about the detachment force and about the frequency of specific ligand‐receptor rupture events. Measurements were performed for different times of short term (up to 2 h) and prolonged hyperglycemia (3 h ‐ 24 h). Single‐cell force results were correlated with the expression of cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule, P‐selectin) and with the length and density of the PHAECs glycocalyx layer, which were measured by AFM nanoindentation. For short‐term hyperglycemia, we observed a statistically significant increase of the adhesion parameters that was accompanied by an increase of the glycocalyx length and expression of P‐selectin. Removal of hyaluronic acid from PHAECs glycocalyx significantly decreased the adhesion parameters, which indicates that hyaluronic acid has a strong impact on adhesion in A549/PHAEC system in short term of hyperglycemia. For prolonged hyperglycemia, the most significant increase of adhesion parameters was observed for 24 hours and this phenomenon correlated with the expression of adhesion molecules and a decrease of the glycocalyx length. Taking together, presented data indicate that both mechanical and structural properties of the endothelial glycocalyx strongly modulate the adhesion in the A549/PHAEC system.