Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Insulin Resistance and Related Metabolic Variables to Coronary Artery Disease: A Mathematical Analysis

OBJECTIVE—People with diabetes have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). An unanswered question is what portion of CAD can be attributed to insulin resistance, related metabolic variables, and other known CAD risk factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Archimedes model was used to estimate the proportion of myocardial infarctions that would be prevented by maintaining insulin resistance and other risk factors at healthy levels. Person-specific data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1998–2004 were used to create a simulated population representative of young adults in the U.S. This population was then entered into a series of simulated clinical trials designed to explore the effects of each risk factor. Each trial had a control arm (all risk factors were allowed to progress without interventions) and a treatment arm (a risk factor was held to its value in young healthy adults). The trials continued for 60 years. The effects of these hypothetical “cures” of each risk factor provide estimates of their impact on CAD. RESULTS—In young adults, preventing insulin resistance would prevent ∼42% of myocardial infarctions. The next most important determinant of CAD is systolic hypertension, prevention of which would reduce myocardial infarctions by ∼36%. Following systolic blood pressure, the most important determinants are HDL cholesterol (31%), BMI (21%), LDL cholesterol (16%), triglycerides (10%), fasting plasma glucose and smoking (both ∼9%), and family history (4%). CONCLUSIONS—Insulin resistance is likely the most important single cause of CAD. A better understanding of its pathogenesis and how it might be prevented or cured could have a profound effect on CAD.
Association of Hip Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in a Rural Indian Population: The Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study (APCAPS)

Background Fat mass is variably associated with bone mass, possibly due to differential mechanical and biological effects of fat mass. We examined the association of fat mass with bone mass in a lean population. Objective To investigate association between hip bone mineral density and fat and lean mass in a cross-sectional study from southern India. Design The Andhra Pradesh Children and Parents Study is a prospective cohort study in Hyderabad, India. In 2009–2012, the study collected data on anthropometric measures, bone mineral density (BMD), fat mass, and lean mass measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and socioeconomic data of the adult participants (n = 1760; mean age = 34.9 years old for women; 2130 and 32.3 for men). Results The median BMI (kg/m2) was 20.1 kg/m2. Women had relatively higher fat mass as compared to men. In models adjusted for lean mass, there was an association between hip bone mineral density and fat mass in women (β (95% confidence interval): premenopausal 0.025 (0.006 to 0.045); postmenopausal 0.045 (0.014 to 0.076)) but not in men (0.001 (-0.012 to 0.0014)). The association between hip BMD and fat mass was stronger in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Hip BMD was consistently associated with lean mass, in both men and women. Conclusions In this relatively lean population, lean mass was more consistently associated with hip BMD than fat mass. Weight gain through lean mass improvement may be a more reliable public health strategy for strengthening bone health in transitional settings.
Stress und Studienzufriedenheit bei Bachelor- und Diplom-Psychologiestudierenden im Vergleich

In unserer Studie wandten wir das Demand-Control-Modell auf die Studiensituation von Psychologiestudierenden im Bachelor-/Diplomstudium an. An der 2009 bis 2010 durchgefuhrten Erhebung nahmen insgesamt 405 Studierende verschiedener Psychologischer Institute teil. Es zeigte sich, dass nach Kontrolle von Alter und Fachsemester der in vielen Studierendensurveys erfasste Studienaufwand (in Stunden pro Woche) nur einen geringen Beitrag zur Erklarung von Stress und Studienzufriedenheit leistete, wahrend die Dimensionen des Demand-Control-Modells die Unterschiede in Stress und Studienzufriedenheit zwischen Bachelor- und Diplomstudierenden mediierten. Regressionsanalysen identifizierten hohe Anforderungen als Hauptpradiktor fur Stress im Studium und hohe Anforderungen und geringe Entscheidungsfreiraume als relevante Pradiktoren fur eine geringe Studienzufriedenheit. Die Ergebnisse verweisen auf konkrete Ansatzpunkte fur mogliche Verbesserungen des Bachelorstudiums.
Where Sepsis and Antimicrobial Resistance Countermeasures Converge

The United Nations General Assembly debate on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) recognizes the global significance of AMR. Much work needs to be done on technology capability and capacity to convert the strategic intent of the debate into operational plans and tangible outcomes. Enhancement of the biomedical science–clinician interface requires better exploitation of systems biology tools for in-laboratory and point of care methods that detect sepsis and characterize AMR. These need to link sepsis and AMR data with responsive, real-time surveillance. We propose an AMR sepsis register, similar in concept to a cancer registry, to aid coordination of AMR countermeasures.
Analysis of Infectious-Recovery Epidemic Models for Membership Dynamics of Online Social Networks

The recent rapid growth of social media and online social networks (OSNs) has raised interesting questions about the spread of ideas and fads within our society. In the past year, several papers have drawn analogies between the rise and fall in popularity of OSNs and mathematical models used to study infectious disease. One such model, the irSIR model, made use of the idea of "infectious recovery" to outperform the traditional SIR model in replicating the rise and fall of MySpace and to predict a rapid drop in the popularity of Facebook. Here we explore the irSIR model and two of its logical extensions and we mathematically characterize the initial and long-run behavior of these dynamical systems. In particular, while the original irSIR model always predicts extinction of a social epidemic, we construct an extension of the model that matches the exponential growth phase of the irSIR model while allowing for the possibility of an arbitrary proportion of infections in the long run.
Estimating Twitter User Location Using Social Interactions--A Content Based Approach

Microblogging services such as Twitter allow users to interact with each other by forming a social network. The interaction between users in a social network group forms a dialogue or discussion. A typical dialogue between users involves a set of topics. We make the assumption that this set of topics remains constant throughout the conversation. Using this model of social interaction between users in the Twitter social network, along with content-derived location information, we employ a probabilistic framework to estimate the city-level location of a Twitter user, based on the content of the tweets in their dialogues, using reply-tweet messages. We estimate the city-level user location based purely on the content of the tweets, which may include reply-tweet information, without the use of any external information, such as a gazetteer, IP information etc. The current framework for estimating user location does not consider the underlying social interaction, i.e. the structure of interactions between the users. In this paper, we calculate a baseline probability estimate of the distribution of words used by a user. This distribution is formed by using the fact that terms used in the tweets of a certain discussion may be related to the location information of the user initiating the discussion. We also estimate the top K probable cities for a given user and measure the accuracy. We find that our baseline estimation yields an accuracy higher that the 10% accuracy of the current state of the art estimation.
Smooth Muscle Cell Cycle and Proliferation

The role of Ca2+ influx in the regulation of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPases (SERCA) associated with intracellular Ca2+ pools was investigated during smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). We first defined that the previously described up-regulation of the SERCA2a isoform found in vascular SMC after a 24-h stimulation with PDGF (Magnier, C., Papp, B., Corvazier, E., Bredoux, R., Wuytack, F., Eggermont, F., Maclouf, J., and Enouf, J. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 15808-15815) was precisely associated with SMC entry into S phase as it appeared linked with [3H]thymidine incorporation. This was further confirmed by testing the effect of transforming growth factor-β1, which inhibited both aortic SMC proliferation associated with G1 cell cycle arrest and PDGF-induced SERCA2a up-stimulation. Then, we tested the role of Ca2+ influx by using SR 33805, a new Ca2+ channel blocker, which was characterized with regard to the voltage Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine and the capacitative entry Ca2+ blocker SKF 96365. SR 33805 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of both PDGF-induced SMC proliferation and the associated rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentration with IC50 values of 0.2 ± 0.1 and 0.31 ± 0. 04 µM, respectively. Finally, by examining in parallel both SERCA2a and SERCA2b isoforms, in terms of activity and expression, we could determine that PDGF-induced stimulation of total SERCA activity (detected by formation of the phosphorylated intermediate, E∼P) and of SERCA2a expression (Western blotting) were abolished when extracellular Ca2+ entry was prevented by SR 33805. This study demonstrates that SERCA2a up-regulation is: 1) related to the G1/S transition step of cell cycle and 2) dependent on Ca2+ entry during PDGF-induced SMC proliferation.
An Analytic Framework for JavaScript

As the programming language of the web, JavaScript deserves a principled yet robust framework for static analysi s. To achieve both aims simultaneously, we start from an established reduction semantics for JavaScript and systematically derive its intensional abstract interpretation. Our first step is to transform the semantics into an equivalent low-level abstract machine: the JavaScript Abstract Machine (JAM). We then derive the systematic abstraction of the entire low-level machine. That process yields a finitestate, machine-based abstract interpretation for JavaScr ipt. The calculation of this analysis is itself a milestone, cons tituting the first “field validation” of the theory behind systematically abstracting abstract machines. This finite-st ate framework allows us to import important techniques from the over 30 years of work on higher-order program analysis. We can instantiate the abstraction to obtain tradition al analyses, such as k-CFA and CPA, extended to JavaScript. Not content with the precision of this analysis over complex control effects, we extend our systematic approach with a new mode: unbounded abstraction of continuations. This new mode yields an infinite-state yet decidable pushdown machine whose stack precisely models the structure of the concrete program stack. The precise model of stack structure in turn confers precise control-flow analysis over control effects, such as exceptions, finally blocks, and of course, cal ls and returns. Both the finite-state and pushdown frameworks for abstract interpretation are sound and computable.
Minimizing User Involvement for Accurate Ontology Matching Problems

Many various types of sensors coming from different complex devices collect data from a city. Their underlying data representation follows specific manufacturer specifications that have possibly incomplete descriptions (in ontology) alignments. This paper addresses the problem of determining accurate and complete matching of ontologies given some common descriptions and their pre-determined high level alignments. In this context the problem of ontology matching consists of automatically determining all matching given the latter alignments, and manually verifying the matching results. Especially for applications where it is crucial that ontologies are matched correctly the latter can turn into a very time-consuming task for the user. This paper tackles this challenge and addresses the problem of computing the minimum number of user inputs needed to verify all matchings. We show how to represent this problem as a reasoning problem over a bipartite graph and how to encode it over pseudo Boolean constraints. Experiments show that our approach can be successfully applied to real-world data sets.
Pentalanthanum zinc diplumbide, La5Zn1−xPb2+x (x ≃ 0.6)

The title non-stoichiometric pentalanthanum zinc diplumbide, La5Zn1−xPb2+x (x ≃ 0.6), was prepared from the elements in an evacuated silica ampoule. It adopts the Nb5Sn2Si-type structure (space group I4/mcm, Pearson symbol tI32), a ternary ordered superstructure of the W5Si3 type. Among the four independent crystallographic positions, three are fully occupied by La (Wyckoff 16k), La (4b), and Pb (8h) and one is occupied by a statistical mixture [occupancy ratio 0.394 (12):0.606 (12)] of Zn and Pb (4a). The structure is constructed by face-sharing 10-vertex polyhedra around the unmixed Pb sites. These fragments enclose channels of trans-face-sharing tetragonal antiprisms occupied by the disordered Zn and Pb sites.
Exploring Self-Esteem in a Girls' Sports Program: Competencies and Connections Create Change.

afterschool programs can play in facilitating its development, particularly among adolescent girls. Self-esteem has been problematic for researchers because it is complex, stable, and hard to measure (Steinberg, 1996). When assessing the self-esteem of out-of-school time (OST) program participants, some researchers may think their instruments will not detect changes, either because the program does not last long enough to make a difference or because self-esteem is multidimensional and difficult to change. Some may respond to high-stakes testing and the pressure to demonstrate program outcomes by assessing concepts or behaviors with the strongest potential to show change, regardless of how they fit with program objectives. These responses can create a chasm between practitioners and researchers. Practitioners see firsthand that participants change how they feel about themselves, but researchers either have trouble capturing this phenomenon or are substituting other attributes for self-esteem. This article attempts to address these gaps by reviewing research about self-esteem and adolescent girls, presenting findings from a study exploring girls’ experiences in a sports-based youth development program, and attempting to engage practitioners and re-
Dilemmas in counselling psychology research

In this article, we reflect on some key dilemmas in counselling psychology research in the current context of proliferation of research agendas, stakeholders and other interested parties. Our focus is on the challenges faced by the novice researcher who is often expected to begin research with only a brief training. We offer a pragmatic approach to the often thorny issue of methodological choice, and encourage researchers and research supervisors to give due focus on the research process. Finally, we re-visit the question of the stance of the researcher.
Guideline Two: Minimum Technical Standards for Pediatric Electroencephalography

These guidelines for clinical pediatric EEG should be considered in conjunction with the more general Guideline 1: Minimum Technical Requirements for Performing Clinical Electroencephalography (MTR). The basic principles of clinical EEG outlined in the MTR also apply to the very young and are reaffirmed. However, special considerations are pertinent to pediatric recordings and are discussed below. The numbers in parentheses in this Guideline refer specifically to sections of the MTR that must be modified in these special situations. Where a subject is not covered here, the recommendations of Guideline 1 remain appropriate and should be consulted. Emphasis here will be on EEG in neonates, infants, and young children, since recording the EEGs of older children and adolescents differs little from recording the EEGs of adults. Because EEG recording in the newborn presents a number of special problems, this Guideline is divided into two parts setting forth recommendations for children and for neonates separately.
Cohort Effect on the Coming Out Experiences of Bisexual Men

This article examines bisexual men’s experiences of coming out across three age cohorts, and documents generational differences in the reception from friends and family regarding this disclosure. Drawing on in-depth interviews with an ethnically diverse sample of 60 openly bisexual men from the United States, we find that the oldest cohort encountered the most stereotypical views and prejudiced behaviour, while those of the youngest cohort expressed predominantly positive coming out stories. We attribute the cohort differences in these experiences to a decrease in cultural homophobia, alongside changes in the social organisation of masculinities.
Feature Extraction in Medical Image using Ant Colony Optimization : A Study

— The front end of most vision systems consists of an edge detection as preprocessing. The vision of objects is easy for the human because of the natural intelligence of segmenting, pattern matching and recognizing very complex objects. But for the machine, everything needs to be artificially induced and it is not so easy to recognize and identify objects. Towards Computer vision, the Machine needs pattern recognition; extracting the important features so as to recognize the objects, where the boundary detection or the edge detection is very crucial. Edge detection is finding the points where there are sudden changes in the intensity values and linking them suitably. This paper aims at presenting a comparison of the Gradient based existing edge detectors, with a swarm intelligence Ant Colony. Though, these detectors are applied on to the same image, they may not see the same edge pixels. Some detectors seems to be good only for simple transparent images which are less noise prone, and marks pseudo and congested edges in case of denser images. Hence it would be appreciated, to have an edge detector, which is sensitive in detecting edges in majority of the common types of edges. With this in mind, the authors propose a new edge detector based on swarm intelligence, which fairly detects the edges of all types of images with improved quality, and with a low failing probability in detecting edges.
Reduction in Inter-Hemispheric Connectivity in Disorders of Consciousness

Clinical diagnosis of disorders of consciousness (DOC) caused by brain injury poses great challenges since patients are often behaviorally unresponsive. A promising new approach towards objective DOC diagnosis may be offered by the analysis of ultra-slow (<0.1 Hz) spontaneous brain activity fluctuations measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during the resting-state. Previous work has shown reduced functional connectivity within the “default network”, a subset of regions known to be deactivated during engaging tasks, which correlated with the degree of consciousness impairment. However, it remains unclear whether the breakdown of connectivity is restricted to the “default network”, and to what degree changes in functional connectivity can be observed at the single subject level. Here, we analyzed resting-state inter-hemispheric connectivity in three homotopic regions of interest, which could reliably be identified based on distinct anatomical landmarks, and were part of the “Extrinsic” (externally oriented, task positive) network (pre- and postcentral gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus). Resting-state fMRI data were acquired for a group of 11 healthy subjects and 8 DOC patients. At the group level, our results indicate decreased inter-hemispheric functional connectivity in subjects with impaired awareness as compared to subjects with intact awareness. Individual connectivity scores significantly correlated with the degree of consciousness. Furthermore, a single-case statistic indicated a significant deviation from the healthy sample in 5/8 patients. Importantly, of the three patients whose connectivity indices were comparable to the healthy sample, one was diagnosed as locked-in. Taken together, our results further highlight the clinical potential of resting-state connectivity analysis and might guide the way towards a connectivity measure complementing existing DOC diagnosis.
Setting a methodology for machine translation evaluation

In this paper some of the problems encountered in designing an evaluation for an MT system will be examined. The source text, in French, provided by INRA (Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique i.e. National Institute for Agronomic Research) deals with biotechnology and animal reproduction. It has been translated into English. The output of the system (i.e. the result of the assembling of several components), as opposed to its individual modules or specific components (i.e. analysis, generation, grammar, lexicon, core, etc.), will be evaluated. Moreover, the evaluation will concentrate on translation quality and its fidelity to the source text. The evaluation is not comparative, which means that we tested a specific MT system, not necessarily representative of other MT systems that can be found on the market.
Push-Pull Defragmentation Without Traffic Disruption in Flexible Grid Optical Networks

In flexi-grid optical networks, fragmentation of spectrum resources may significantly affect the overall network efficiency. Effective techniques for defragmentation (i.e., re-optimization) are then required to limit the wasting of spectrum resources. However, current defragmentation techniques can only be implemented thanks to the presence of additional resources, such as spare expensive transponders. In this study, we propose, discuss and evaluate a novel defragmentation technique called push-pull. The technique is based on dynamic lightpath frequency retuning upon proper reconfiguration of allocated spectrum resources. It does not require additional transponders and does not determine traffic disruption. All the relevant technological limitations that may affect the push-pull applicability are discussed in the context of both optically-amplified direct and coherent detection systems. The technique is then successfully demonstrated in two different flexi-grid network testbeds, reproducing the two aforementioned scenarios. In particular, the reoptimization of a 10 Gb/s OOK lightpath is safely completed in few seconds (mainly due just to node configuration latencies) without experiencing any traffic disruption. Similarly, the push-pull is successfully performed on a 100 Gb/s PM-QPSK lightpath, providing no traffic disruption.
What do we get out of influencing others?

Although a great deal of research has investigated the goals served by being influenced by others, virtually none has examined the goals served by having influence over others. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this understudied research area. Drawing on related research and theory, we suggest that having influence over others serves five needs and/or goals—for accuracy, belongingness, self‐esteem, control, and meaningful existence. Different types of social influence are compared and contrasted in the context of relevant dimensions of influence. We also make a number of suggestions for research to test this model.