Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of E-Modulus Variation on Springbackand a Practical Solution

Springback affects the dimensional accuracy and final shape of stamped parts. Accurate prediction of springback is necessary to design dies that produce the desired part geometry and tolerances. Springback occurs after stamping and ejection of the part because the state of the stresses and strains in the deformed material has changed. To accurately predict springback through finite element analysis, the material model should be well defined for accurate simulation and prediction of stresses and strains after unloading. Despite the development of several advanced material models that comprehensively describe the Bauschinger effect, transient behavior, permanent softening of the blank material, and unloading elastic modulus degradation, the prediction of springback is still not satisfactory for production parts. Dies are often recut several times, after the first tryouts, to compensate for springback and achieve the required part geometry. In this study, the effect of Young’s modulus (E-modulus) on springback is investigated. Current challenges in determination of E-modulus through tensile test are discussed and a practical method is proposed which has the potential to improve springback prediction after the first die tryout. In this method, the unloading elastic modulus is adjusted by measuring the springback of the part produced during the first tryout and comparing it with finite element (FE) simulation results. The unloading elastic modulus obtained from this method is called the “apparent E-modulus”. This method is applied to three bending cases: a wipe bending, a U-drawing, and a 3-D crash forming of an actual production part. Results show that the springback can be predicted fairly accurate using the apparent E-modulus and a simple isotropic hardening model.
What to do when your surgeon cuts off the patients’ oxygen supply?

Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology | July-September 2015 | Vol 31 | Issue 3 429 4. Brain Trauma Foundation, American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS), AANS/CNS Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, 3rd edition. J Neurotrauma 2007;24:S1-106. 5. Maas AI, Dearden M, Teasdale GM, Braakman R, Cohadon F, Iannotti F, et al. EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults. European Brain Injury Consortium. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997;139:286-94.
ADAM10 Is Involved in Cell Junction Assembly in Early Porcine Embryo Development

ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloprotease domain-containing protein 10) is a cell surface protein with a unique structure possessing both potential adhesion and protease domains. However, the role of ADAM10 in preimplantation stage embryos is not clear. In this study, we examined the expression patterns and functional roles of ADAM10 in porcine parthenotes during preimplantation development. The transcription level of ADAM10 dramatically increased from the morula stage onward. Immunostaining revealed that ADAM10 was present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm in early cleavage stage embryos, and localized to the apical region of the outer cells in morula and blastocyst embryos. Knockdown (KD) of ADAM10 using double strand RNA did not alter preimplantation embryo development until morula stage, but resulted in significantly reduced development to blastocyst stage. Moreover, the KD blastocyst showed a decrease in gene expression of adherens and tight junction (AJ/TJ), and an increase in trophectoderm TJ permeability by disrupting TJ assembly. Treatment with an ADAM10 specific chemical inhibitor, GI254023X, at the morula stage also inhibited blastocyst development and led to disruption of TJ assembly. An in situ proximity ligation assay demonstrated direct interaction of ADAM10 with coxsackie virus and adenovirus receptor (CXADR), supporting the involvement of ADAM10 in TJ assembly. In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that ADADM10 is important for blastocyst formation rather than compaction, particularly for TJ assembly and stabilization in preimplantation porcine parthenogenetic development.
Geographic distribution and taxonomic circumscription of populations within Coryphantha section Robustispina (Cactaceae).

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF STUDY Taxonomic circumscription of subspecific taxa within Coryphantha robustispina was evaluated with morphological data and microsatellites. This study was the first to compare adequately sampled morphological and DNA analyses at the population level in the Cactaceae. This comparison was important to test reliability of both methods and to gain a better understanding of phytogeography, evolution, and systematics of the species, knowledge that could prove useful for other taxa as well. Populations of C. robustispina subsp. robustispina are listed as endangered by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Our primary goal was to explore correlations among geographical distribution, morphology, and genetics of selected populations throughout the range of the species and the outgroup, C. poselgeriana. • METHODS Stem characters were measured for 638 individuals among 16 populations. Flower characters were measured for 180 individuals among 12 populations. Ten microsatellite DNA loci were isolated and characterized for 204 individuals among 13 populations. Data were analyzed using various multivariate analyses. • RESULTS Our results indicated that, within Coryphantha robustispina, there were three morphologically, genetically, and geographically coherent groups represented by the names C. robustispina subsp. robustispina, C. robustispina subsp. uncinata, and C. robustispina subsp. scheeri. For most analyses, distinctions among the three groups were primarily not as great as those between any one of them and the outgroup. • CONCLUSIONS Results suggested that the three subspecific taxa within Coryphantha robustispina are good subspecies but should not be elevated to species rank. The closely aligned results between morphology and microsatellite data support the design and utility of both methods.
Flexible Capacitive Electrodes for Minimizing Motion Artifacts in Ambulatory Electrocardiograms

This study proposes the use of flexible capacitive electrodes for reducing motion artifacts in a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device. The capacitive electrodes have conductive foam on their surface, a shield, an optimal input bias resistor, and guarding feedback. The electrodes are integrated in a chest belt, and the acquired signals are transmitted wirelessly for ambulatory heart rate monitoring. We experimentally validated the electrode performance with subjects standing and walking on a treadmill at speeds of up to 7 km/h. The results confirmed the highly accurate heart rate detection capacity of the developed system and its feasibility for daily-life ECG monitoring.
A nonlinear fractional order PID controller applied to redundant robot manipulator

The Redundant robotic systems are multi-input multi-output (MIMO), highly nonlinear and coupled systems. In presence of un-modeled dynamics such as parameter variation and external disturbance, the performance of the system is badly affected. Consequently, robust controller design for these systems is an intriguing task for control researcher to handle such complexities present in the system. This research study presents the nonlinear fractional order PID (NL-FOPID) controller for 5-DOF redundant robot manipulator for joint trajectory tracking task. The optimal controller parameters are achieved using recent artificial bees colony (ABC) optimization technique. For examining the effectiveness of the NL-FOPID controller, the robustness testing is also investigated for parameters variation and external disturbance. After many numerical simulations, the simulation results clearly show that the performances of proposed NL-FOPID controller are superior to nonlinear PID (NL-PID) controller, and traditional linear PID.
A Genetic Local Search Approach to the Quadratic Assignment Problem

Augmenting genetic algorithms with local search heuristics is a promising approach to the solution of combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, a genetic local search approach to the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) is presented. New genetic operators for realizing the approach are described, and its performance is tested on various QAP instances containing between 30 and 256 facilities/locations. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm is able to arrive at high quality solutions in a relatively short time limit: for the largest publicly known problem instance, a new best solution could be found.
Absence of microtubule sliding and an analysis of spindle formation and elongation in isolated mitotic spindles from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Mitotic spindles were isolated from a cell division cycle mutant of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the lysis of sphateroplasts on an air:buffer interface and were negatively stained with 1% gold thioglucose. Isolated spindles were incubated under conditions which promoted the sliding disintegration of parallel preparations of Tetrahymena axonemes, namely the addition of ATP to 20 microM. In no experiment was a corresponding change in microtubule organization of the spindle observed even when spindles were first pretreated with either 1-10 microgram/ml trypsin or 0.2-2% Triton X-100. During these experiments a number of spindles were isolated from cells that had passed through the imposed temperature block, and from the images obtained a detailed model of spindle formation and elongation has been constructed. Two sets of microtubules, one from each spindle pole body (SPB), completely interdigitate to form a continuous bundle, and a series of discontinuous microtubules are then nucleated by each SPB. As the spindle elongates, the number of microtubules continuous between the two SPBs decreases until, at a length of 4 micrometer, only one remains. The spindle, composed of only one microtubule, continues to elongate until it reaches the maximal nuclear dimension of 8 micrometer. The data obtained from negatively stained preparations have been verified in thin sections of wild-type cells. We suggest that, as in the later stages of mitosis only one microtubule is involved in the separation of the spindle poles, the microtubular spindle in S. cerevisiae is not a force-generating system but rather acts as a regulatory mechanism controlling the rate of separation.
Brain regionalization: Of signaling centers and boundaries

Our knowledge of the general mechanisms controlling the formation of the vertebrate central nervous system has advanced tremendously in the last decade. Here, we discuss the impact of the combined use of cell manipulation, in vivo imaging and genetics in the zebrafish on recent progress in understanding how signaling processes progressively control regionalization of the central nervous system. We highlight the unresolved issues and speculate upon the fundamental role the zebrafish will continue having in answering them. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 72: 218–233, 2012
Structural and Functional Characterization of Nrf2 Degradation by the Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/β-TrCP Axis

ABSTRACT The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of a genetic program, termed the phase 2 response, that controls redox homeostasis and participates in multiple aspects of physiology and pathology. Nrf2 protein stability is regulated by two E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptors, Keap1 and β-TrCP, the latter of which was only recently reported. Here, two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and site-directed mutagenesis allowed us to identify two serines of Nrf2 that are phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) in the sequence DSGISL. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies defined key residues of this phosphosequence involved in docking to the WD40 propeller of β-TrCP, through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. We also identified three arginine residues of β-TrCP that participate in Nrf2 docking. Intraperitoneal injection of the GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 led to increased Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 levels in liver and hippocampus. Moreover, mice with hippocampal absence of GSK-3β exhibited increased levels of Nrf2 and phase 2 gene products, reduced glutathione, and decreased levels of carbonylated proteins and malondialdehyde. This study establishes the structural parameters of the interaction of Nrf2 with the GSK-3/β-TrCP axis and its functional relevance in the regulation of Nrf2 by the signaling pathways that impinge on GSK-3.
Cautious reasoning in ASP via minimal models and unsatisfiable cores

Abstract Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a logic-based knowledge representation framework, supporting—among other reasoning modes—the central task of query answering. In the propositional case, query answering amounts to computing cautious consequences of the input program among the atoms in a given set of candidates, where a cautious consequence is an atom belonging to all stable models. Currently, the most efficient algorithms either iteratively verify the existence of a stable model of the input program extended with the complement of one candidate, where the candidate is heuristically selected, or introduce a clause enforcing the falsity of at least one candidate, so that the solver is free to choose which candidate to falsify at any time during the computation of a stable model. This paper introduces new algorithms for the computation of cautious consequences, with the aim of driving the solver to search for stable models discarding more candidates. Specifically, one of such algorithms enforces minimality on the set of true candidates, where different notions of minimality can be used, and another takes advantage of unsatisfiable cores computation. The algorithms are implemented in wasp, and experiments on benchmarks from the latest ASP competitions show that the new algorithms perform better than the state of the art.
Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world

Global warming leads to increased intensity and frequency of weather extremes. Such increased environmental variability might in turn result in increased variation in the demographic rates of interacting species with potentially important consequences for the dynamics of food webs. Using a theoretical approach, we here explore the response of food webs to a highly variable environment. We investigate how species richness and correlation in the responses of species to environmental fluctuations affect the risk of extinction cascades. We find that the risk of extinction cascades increases with increasing species richness, especially when correlation among species is low. Initial extinctions of primary producer species unleash bottom-up extinction cascades, especially in webs with specialist consumers. In this sense, species-rich ecosystems are less robust to increasing levels of environmental variability than species-poor ones. Our study thus suggests that highly species-rich ecosystems such as coral reefs and tropical rainforests might be particularly vulnerable to increased climate variability.
Towards a Foundation for Quantitative Service Analysis An Approach from Business Process Models

Recent advancements in process centric systems, the concept of Services have been adopted widely over business processes. Services which are discrete reusable functional blocks have become the choice to achieve highest order of reuse. However, key to having such services is to identify them with right objectives. Current methods and techniques for service analysis are heuristic and rely heavily on the experience and intuition of the designer. We present the prerequisite formalism for service analysis from business process models and basic quantitative metrics.
Computation Offloading Optimization Based on Probabilistic SFC for Mobile Online Gaming in Heterogeneous Network

To support new services targeted by 5G, great efforts have been taken not only on the research work of new waveform design and air interface but also on cloudification and softwarization for future heterogeneous network. As one of the most popular services toward 5G, cloud gaming offloads computation-intensive tasks to the cloud in order to alleviate the computation burden of mobile devices, but it introduces latency which deteriorates user experience especially for the delay-sensitive online game. In order to solve the optimization problem of resource allocation with the quality of experience guarantees and reduce the operational expenditures and capital expenditures of mobile operators for deploying online game, fog computing and network function virtualization are deemed as promising solutions. In this paper, a component-based approach is proposed to model online game based on the probabilistic service function chain. In order to obtain the optimal virtual function placement in the fog-enabled heterogeneous radio access network, the cost minimization of computation offloading on the data plane is formulated as an integer linear programming problem considering the constraints of application maximum tolerable latency, resource limitation, and user behavior. The optimization problem is NP-hard. To solve the problem with low complexity, the heuristic algorithm is proposed called Probabilistic Service function chain Embedding based on Cost Optimization(PSECO). The performances of the two algorithms are evaluated. The simulation results show that the costs are affected mainly by the number of components, the arrival rate of user requests, mobile user behavior, as well as the physical network topology and the number of users. The heuristic algorithm PSECO has optimal results with low complexity and it is suitable for large scale networks.
Conversational Implicatures in Indirect Replies

In this paper we present algorithms for the interpretation and generation of a kind of particularized conversational implicature occurring in certain indirect replies. Our algorithms make use of discourse expectations, discourse plans, and discourse relations. The algorithms calculate implicatures of discourse units of one or more sentences. Our approach has several advantages. First, by taking discourse relations into account, it can capture a variety of implicatures not handled before. Second, by treating implicatures of discourse units which may consist of more than one sentence, it avoids the limitations of a sentence-at-a-time approach. Third, by making use of properties of discourse which have been used in models of other discourse phenomena, our approach can be integrated with those models. Also, our model permits the same information to be used both in interpretation and generation.
Probabilistic fatigue analysis of a post-weld treated tubular bridge

In this paper, several probabilistic models for evaluating the fatigue performance of post-weld treated tubular bridge structures are briefly described. The application of the models is then demonstrated on a full-scale example bridge. Under realistic traffic loading conditions, it is shown that a significant increase in fatigue performance can be obtained with post-weld treatment. In comparing several treatment strategies, a partial treatment strategy is presented, which results in the same fatigue performance improvement as full treatment with a fraction of the treatment effort. One potential concern with the use of post-weld treatment methods such as needle peening is that they may simply shift the critical crack site to an untreatable location such as the weld root. To address this concern, a deterministic verification of this fatigue detail is presented. Shortcomings of this verification are then discussed, and future research needs highlighted.
Visual distractors detecting in images using TPTSSR

The human vision system is always looking for important and valuable areas to get the most information from the visual data in the shortest possible time. For this purpose, visual attention guides the vision system to the salient regions. Unfortunately, some of the salient regions, in terms of the human vision system, have a high potential for attracting attention, but do not contain important and useful information. Therefore, attention and concentration on these salient regions will cause the loss of time and distraction of the audience's senses from the main subject of the image. Therefore, detecting and eliminating these regions, which are called distractors, can be of great help in order to increase the quality of the image, increase the accuracy of the algorithms based on saliency detection and not losing a lot of time in real-time applications. In this paper, pixel-based features are extracted from different approaches for training and test images and after segmentation the images, segment-based features are generated. After determining the class of each segment of the training images according to the corresponding masks, the test image segments are classified according to the TPTSSR method based on sparse coding and representation system in terms of the severity of the distractor in the 9 different classes. To evaluate the results, the MSE metric is used first. Since the MSE metric leads to unreliable results in conditions of class unbalancing, a new metric will be introduced to evaluate the results. The implemented results show that the proposed method has a higher accuracy than the previous ones in terms of these two metrics.
Trypanocidal Activity of Aziridinyl Nitrobenzamide Prodrugs

ABSTRACT The trypanocidal agents nifurtimox and benznidazole both function as prodrugs and must undergo enzyme-mediated activation, a reaction catalyzed by type I nitroreductase (NTR). In the search for new parasitic therapies, we have utilized this finding to investigate whether aziridinyl nitrobenzamide derivatives have activity against bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes, parasite stages that replicate in the mammalian host. For T. cruzi drug screening, we generated trypanosomes that expressed the luciferase reporter gene and optimized a mammalian infection model in a 96-well plate format. A subset of compounds having a 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4-dinitrobenzyl structure was shown to be metabolized by purified T. brucei NTR and when screened against both parasite life cycle stages displayed significant growth-inhibitory properties: the most potent compounds generated 50% inhibitory concentrations of <1 μM. The trypanocidal activity was shown to be NTR specific, since parasites overexpressing this enzyme were hypersensitive to the aziridinyl dinitrobenzyl agents. We conclude that members of the aziridinyl nitrobenzamide class of nitroheterocycles provide new lead structures that have the potential to treat trypanosomal infections.