Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further dibromotyrosine-derived metabolites from the marine sponge Aplysina caissara

A re-investigacao quimica do extrato bruto da esponja Aplysina caissara levou ao isolamento de cinco novos derivados da dibromotirosina, denominados agelocaissarinas A1, A2, B1, B2 e caissarina C, alem dos ja conhecidos fistularina-3 e 11-hidroxiaerotionina. Os compostos isolados tiveram suas estruturas determinadas pela analise de seus espectros de RMN mono- e bidimensionais, espectro de massas de alta resolucao, infravermelho e ultravioleta. A configuracao relativa das agelocaissarinas pode ser estabelecida por analise dos espectros de RMN1 H e modelagem molecular, enquanto que a configuracao absoluta do sistema espiroxazolidinico da fistularina-3, da caissarina C e da 11-hidroxiaerotionina pode ser estabelecida pela analise de seus espectros de dicroismo circular. A fistularina-3 e a 11hidroxiaerotionina apresentaram atividade antibiotica moderada contra varias linhagens de bacterias patogenicas. The re-investigation of the crude extract obtained from the sponge Aplysina caissara led to the isolation of five new dibromotyrosine derivatives, named agelocaissarines A1, A2, B1, B2 and caissarine C, along with the already known fistularin-3 and 11-hydroxyaerothionin. All compounds were identified by analysis of mono- and bidimensional NMR spectra, high resolution mass spectra, infrared and ultraviolet spectra. The relative stereochemistry of agelocaissarines could be established by analysis of 1 H NMR spectra and molecular modeling, while the absolute configuration of the spiroxazolidine moieties of fistularin-3, caissarine C and 11hydroxyaerothionin was established by analysis of 1 H NMR and circular dichroism spectra. Fistularin-3 and 11-hydroxyaerothionin displayed moderate antibiotic activity against several pathogenic bacteria.
Entropic Approximation of Wasserstein Gradient Flows

This article details a novel numerical scheme to approximate gradient flows for optimal transport (i.e. Wasserstein) metrics. These flows have proved useful to tackle theoretically and numerically non-linear diffusion equations that model for instance porous media or crowd evolutions. These gradient flows define a suitable notion of weak solutions for these evolutions and they can be approximated in a stable way using discrete flows. These discrete flows are implicit Euler time stepping according to the Wasserstein metric. A bottleneck of these approaches is the high computational load induced by the resolution of each step. Indeed, this corresponds to the resolution of a convex optimization problem involving a Wasserstein distance to the previous iterate. Following several recent works on the approximation of Wasserstein distances, we consider a discrete flow induced by an entropic regularization of the transportation coupling. This entropic regularization allows one to trade the initial Wasserstein fidelity term for a Kulback-Leibler divergence, which is easier to deal with numerically. We show how KL proximal schemes, and in particular Dykstra's algorithm, can be used to compute each step of the regularized flow. The resulting algorithm is both fast, parallelizable and versatile, because it only requires multiplications by a Gibbs kernel. On Euclidean domains discretized on an uniform grid, this corresponds to a linear filtering (for instance a Gaussian filtering when $c$ is the squared Euclidean distance) which can be computed in nearly linear time. On more general domains, such as (possibly non-convex) shapes or on manifolds discretized by a triangular mesh, following a recently proposed numerical scheme for optimal transport, this Gibbs kernel multiplication is approximated by a short-time heat diffusion.
Reduced response to the thermal grill illusion in chronic pain patients.

OBJECTIVE Sensory illusions may reveal fundamental features of the nervous system. The thermal grill illusion is such a pain illusion, where interlaced warm and cool temperature bars (thermal grill) produce a paradoxical burning sensation. Previous studies have only systematically investigated the thermal grill illusion in pain-free volunteers. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the response to the thermal grill illusion was tolerable in patients with chronic pain and whether the response differed between patients with chronic pain and pain-free volunteers. SUBJECTS Sixteen pain-free participants and 18 chronic pain patients (seven not receiving opioids and 11 receiving opioids). METHODS The thermal grill response was investigated using a custom-built thermal grill. Heat and cold pain thresholds were also determined. RESULTS Chronic pain patients reported less intense pain, heat, and unpleasantness to the thermal grill compared with pain-free participants; in particular, there was an overall main effect for significantly less heat from the thermal grill compared with pain-free participants (P = 0.016). At the 22/38°C combination, although the majority of pain-free participants experienced the illusion to some degree, the majority of pain patients in both groups did not (median pain score 0). Although perceived heat from the thermal grill was significantly lower in chronic pain patients, both heat and cold pain thresholds did not differ among the three populations. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary data suggest that the thermal grill response may provide insights into pain sensitivity that are not detected by conventional thermal quantitative sensory testing.
Primary Health Care in the Mental Health Workplace: Insights from the Australian Experience

In Australia, Primary Health Care and the mental health sector have always shared a philosophy. In 1978, Primary Health Care was first put forward as a strategy to improve “health for all. ” Recently, the Australian Government included mental health as a national health priority, identifying six strategies consistent with a Primary Health Care approach to address the mental health of all Australians. Throughout this time, Primary Health Care has been highlighted in all models of care. However, in reality, it appears that in mental health services, mental health nurses, despite good intentions, are not delivering care in a planned or systematised way and that much needs to be done to further improve the situation for individuals accessing the health care system. Services currently focus on those identified as seriously mentally unwell; in order to really make an impact it is argued that services should be broader, offered to the population at large and, further, that the emphasis on case work at an individual level should be changed to an approach that considers prevention, maintenance, and follow-up as well as crisis intervention. This article reflects the Australian experience and offers some insights from that experience.
Randomized Trial of Argon Plasma Coagulation Versus Endoscopic Surveillance for Barrett Esophagus After Antireflux Surgery: Late Results

Objective:To determine the efficacy of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) for ablation of Barrett esophagus. Summary Background Data:APC has been used to ablate Barrett esophagus. However, the long-term outcome of this treatment is unknown. This study reports 5-year results from a randomized trial of APC versus surveillance for Barrett esophagus in patients who had undergone a fundoplication for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. Methods:Fifty-eight patients with Barrett esophagus were randomized to undergo either ablation using APC or ongoing surveillance. At a mean 68 months after treatment, 40 patients underwent endoscopy follow-up. The efficacy of treatment, durability of the neosquamous re-epithelialization, and safety of the procedure were determined. Results:Initially, at least 95% ablation of the metaplastic mucosa was achieved in all treated patients. At the 5-year follow-up, 14 of 20 APC patients continued to have at least 95% of their previous Barrett esophagus replaced by neosquamous mucosa, and 8 of these had complete microscopic regression of the Barrett esophagus. Five of the 20 surveillance patients had more than 95% regression of their Barrett esophagus, and 4 of these had complete microscopic regression (1 after subsequent APC treatment). The length of Barrett esophagus shortened significantly in both study groups, although the extent of regression was greater after APC treatment (mean 5.9–0.8 cm vs. 4.6–2.2 cm). Two patients who had undergone APC treatment developed a late esophageal stricture, which required endoscopic dilation, and 2 patients in the surveillance group developed high-grade dysplasia during follow-up. Conclusions:Regression of Barrett esophagus after fundoplication is more likely, and greater in extent, in patients who undergo ablation with APC. In most patients treated with APC the neosquamous mucosa remains stable at up to 5-year follow-up. The development of high-grade dysplasia only occurred in patients who were not treated with APC.
Complete Genome Sequences of Zika Virus Strains Isolated from the Blood of Patients in Thailand in 2014 and the Philippines in 2012

ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequences of two Zika virus (ZIKV) strains, Zika virus/Homo sapiens-tc/THA/2014/SV0127-14 and Zika virus/H. sapiens-tc/PHL/2012/CPC-0740, isolated from the blood of patients collected in Thailand, 2014, and the Philippines, 2012, respectively. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains belong to the Asian lineage.
Congestion Control, Routing, and Scheduling in Wireless Networks With Interference Cancelation Capabilities

Recently, there has been strong interest in exploiting advanced physical-layer techniques to increase the capacity of multihop wireless networks. Several recent studies have emerged with a particular focus on successive interference cancelation (SIC) as an effective approach to allow multiple adjacent concurrent transmissions to coexist, enabling multipacket reception. This paper is in line with those efforts in that we attempt to understand the benefits of SIC on the throughput performance of wireless networks. We consider a cross-layer design for the joint congestion control, routing, and scheduling problem in wireless networks where nodes are endowed with SIC capabilities and under the general physical signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) interference model. We use duality theory to decompose the joint design problem into congestion control and routing/scheduling subproblems, which interact through congestion prices. This decomposition enables us to solve the joint cross-layer design problem in a completely distributed manner. Given that the problem of scheduling with SIC and under the SINR interference regime is NP-hard, this paper develops a decentralized approach that allows links to coordinate their transmissions and, therefore, efficiently solve the link scheduling problem. Numerically, we show that our decentralized algorithm achieves similar results to those obtained by other centralized methods (e.g., greedy maximal scheduling). We also study the performance gains SIC brings to wireless networks, and we show that flows in the network achieve up to twice their rates in most instances, in comparison with networks without interference cancelation capabilities. These gains are attributed to the capabilities of SIC to better manage the interference and promote higher spatial reuse in the network.
Non-invasive baroreflex sensitivity assessment using wavelet transfer function-based time–frequency analysis

A novel approach for the estimation of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is introduced based on time–frequency analysis of the transfer function (TF). The TF method (TF-BRS) is a well-established non-invasive technique which assumes stationarity. This condition is difficult to meet, especially in cardiac patients. In this study, the classical TF was replaced with a wavelet transfer function (WTF) and the classical coherence was replaced with wavelet transform coherence (WTC), adding the time domain as an additional degree of freedom with dynamic error estimation. Error analysis and comparison between WTF-BRS and TF-BRS were performed using simulated signals with known transfer function and added noise. Similar comparisons were performed for ECG and blood pressure signals, in the supine position, of 19 normal subjects, 44 patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction (MI) and 45 patients with chronic heart failure. This yielded an excellent linear association (R > 0.94, p < 0.001) for time-averaged WTF-BRS, validating the new method as consistent with a known method. The additional advantage of dynamic analysis of coherence and TF estimates was illustrated in two physiological examples of supine rest and change of posture showing the evolution of BRS synchronized with its error estimations and sympathovagal balance.
Distribution of IP3‐mediated calcium responses and their role in nuclear signalling in rat basolateral amygdala neurons

Metabotropic receptor activation is important for learning, memory and synaptic plasticity in the amygdala and other brain regions. Synaptic stimulation of metabotropic receptors in basolateral amygdala (BLA) projection neurons evokes a focal rise in free Ca2+ in the dendrites that propagate as waves into the soma and nucleus. These Ca2+ waves initiate in the proximal dendrites and show limited propagation centrifugally away from the soma. In other cell types, Ca2+ waves have been shown to be mediated by either metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) or muscarinic receptor (mAChR) activation. Here we show that mGluRs and mAChRs act cooperatively to release Ca2+ from inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP3)‐sensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores. Whereas action potentials (APs) alone were relatively ineffective in raising nuclear Ca2+, their pairing with metabotropic receptor activation evoked an IP3‐receptor‐mediated Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release, raising nuclear Ca2+ into the micromolar range. Metabotropic‐receptor‐mediated Ca2+‐store release was highly compartmentalized. When coupled with metabotropic receptor stimulation, large robust Ca2+ rises and AP‐induced amplification were observed in the soma, nucleus and sparsely spiny dendritic segments with metabotropic stimulation. In contrast, no significant amplification of the Ca2+ transient was detected in spine‐dense high‐order dendritic segments. Ca2+ rises evoked by photolytic uncaging of IP3 showed the same distribution, suggesting that IP3‐sensitive Ca2+ stores are preferentially located in the soma and proximal dendrites. This distribution of metabotropic‐mediated store release suggests that the neuromodulatory role of metabotropic receptor stimulation in BLA‐dependent learning may result from enhanced nuclear signalling.
Jointly optimal routing and scheduling in packet radio networks

A multihop packet radio network is considered with a single traffic class and given end-to-end transmission requirements. A transmission schedule specifies at each time instant the set of links which are allowed to transmit. The purpose of a schedule is to prevent interference among transmissions from neighboring links. Given amounts of information are residing initially at a subset of the network nodes and must be delivered to a prespecified set of destination nodes. The transmission schedule that evacuates the network in minimum time is specified. The decomposition of the problem into a pure routing and a pure scheduling problem is crucial for the characterization of the optimal transmission schedule. >
Detection of Candida albicans DNA with a yeast‐specific primer system by polymerase chain reaction

Summary. The in vitro and in vivo selectivity and sensitivity of a yeast‐specific primer system was investigated. A two‐step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used: the first amplified a 245‐bp fragment of the gene for cytochrome P450L1A1 and the second a product of 193 bp. This nested PCR produced an approximately 1000‐fold increase in the sensitivity of the test for Candida albicans DNA compared with the first primer pair. The lower level of sensitivity of the test in physiological saline and tissue homogenate was about 10 C. albicans cells ml‐1. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the nested PCR method was reduced by a factor of more than 1000 when C. albicans was fixed with 4% formalln. After i.v. injection of different doses of C. albicans into mice, the yeast could be demonstrated in blood and in six different organs. The nested PCR was to some extent more sensitive than culturing for the detection of the yeast in the specimens of organs such as lung, cardiac muscle, liver, kidneys and brain. In contrast, in blood and spleen the culture was superior to the PCR technique used. Nested PCR is thus a useful additional method for the demonstration of yeasts.
Zonadhesin D3-Polypeptides Vary among Species but Are Similar in Equus Species Capable of Interbreeding1

Abstract Zonadhesin is a rapidly evolving protein in the sperm acrosome that confers species specificity to sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Though structural variation in zonadhesin likely contributes to its species-specific function, the protein has not previously been characterized in organisms capable of interbreeding. Here we compared properties of zonadhesin in several animals, including the horse (Equus caballus), donkey (E. asinus), and Grevy's zebra (E. grevyi) to determine if variation in zonadhesin correlates with ability of gametes to cross-fertilize. Zonadhesin localized to the apical acrosomes of spermatozoa from all three Equus species, similar to its localization in other animals. Likewise, in horse and donkey testis, zonadhesin was detected only in germ cells, first in the acrosomal granule of round spermatids and then in the developing acrosomes of elongating spermatids. Among non-Equus species, D3-domain polypeptides of mature, processed zonadhesin varied markedly in size and detergent solubility. However, zonadhesin D3-domain polypeptides in horse, donkey, and zebra spermatozoa exhibited identical electrophoretic mobility and detergent solubility. Equus zonadhesin D3-polypeptides (p110/p80 doublet) were most similar in size to porcine and bovine zonadhesin D3-polypeptides (p105). Sequence comparisons revealed that the horse zonadhesin precursor's domain content and arrangement are similar to those of zonadhesin from other large animals. Partial sequences of horse and donkey zonadhesin were much more similar to each other (>99% identity) than they were to orthologous sequences of human, pig, rabbit, and mouse zonadhesin (52%–72% identity). We conclude that conservation of zonadhesin D3-polypeptide properties correlates with ability of Equus species to interbreed.
Curvature and Computation

When undergraduates ask me what geometric group theorists study, I describe a theorem due to Gromov which relates the groups with an intrinsic geometry like that of the hyperbolic plane to those in which certain computations can be efficiently carried out. In short, I describe the close but surprising connection between negative curvature and efficient computation. This theorem was one of the clearest early indications that applying a metric perspective to traditional group theory problems might lead to new and important insights.
The Impact of Relationships, Friendships, and Work on the Association Between Sexual Orientation and Disordered Eating in Men

Recent research has demonstrated increased eating pathology among single bisexual and gay (BG) men compared to BG men in relationships and all heterosexual men. BG men may be at elevated risk due to pressures to be lean to attract a male partner. No study has examined the specificity of this theory to relationship status or to eating pathology. BG (n = 23) and heterosexual (n = 326) men completed surveys to compare the impact of areas of life satisfaction on the association between sexual orientation and eating pathology, as well as another area of psychopathology (substance use problems). For BG men, but not heterosexual men, being single was associated with drive for thinness. Low friendship satisfaction was more strongly associated with drive for thinness and bulimic symptoms in BG men as compared to heterosexual men. Low work satisfaction was associated with substance use problems among BG men, but not among heterosexual men. Results suggest separate constellations of risk factors differentially impact BG men, depending upon the nature of clinical problems.
Knowledge discovery from data streams

Since the beginning of the Internet age and the increased use of ubiquitous computing devices, the large volume and continuous flow of distributed data have imposed new constraints on the design of learning algorithms. Exploring how to extract knowledge structures from evolving and time-changing data, Knowledge Discovery from Data Streams presents a coherent overview of state-of-the-art research in learning from data streams. The book covers the fundamentals that are imperative to understanding data streams and describes important applications, such as TCP/IP traffic, GPS data, sensor networks, and customer click streams. It also addresses several challenges of data mining in the future, when stream mining will be at the core of many applications. These challenges involve designing useful and efficient data mining solutions applicable to real-world problems. In the appendix, the author includes examples of publicly available software and online data sets. This practical, up-to-date book focuses on the new requirements of the next generation of data mining. Although the concepts presented in the text are mainly about data streams, they also are valid for different areas of machine learning and data mining.
Appropriation des ressources « naturelles » et criminalisation des communautés paysannes. Le cas du Rufiji, Tanzanie

La plaine inondable du Rufiji (Tanzanie) est occupee par des populations dont les activites economiques principales sont l’agriculture vivriere et la peche commerciale. Les revenus de la peche legale assurent avec peine la securite alimentaire des foyers mais ne permettent pas de faire face a des depenses « exceptionnelles ». Ainsi, pour financer les etudes secondaires de leurs enfants, les villageois n’ont guere d’autre choix que de quitter les zones de peches legales et de penetrer, au risque de leur vie, la Reserve de Chasse du Selous (50 000 km²) ou se trouvent de nombreux lacs poissonneux. La Reserve, situee a proximite immediate des villages, s’est constituee progressivement au cours du XXe siecle par une serie de decisions autoritaires et coercitives. Les communautes locales ne beneficient d’aucune maniere des revenus substantiels issus de son exploitation tandis qu’elles en supportent l’essentiel des couts induits. Les nouvelles politiques de conservation « participatives » (community based conservation) mises en place depuis une dizaine d’annees restent a l’etat de declarations d’intention.
The Interpretation of Vernacular Architecture

AbstractThis article presents a critical review of diverse yet recurrent interpretations of vernacular architecture, which have been published in either English or French during the last one hundred years. These interpretations have been classified as the aesthetic/formalist interpretation, the typological approach, evolutionary theory, diffusionism of a social and geographical kind, physical explanations, social explanations and socia-cultural factors. This article reveals two dominant approaches: those that imply that vernacular buildings need not or cannot be studied historically, and those that explore the evolution of building types in very limited geographical contexts. In conclusion, a redefinition of a method for the study of vernacular architecture is requested and suggested by reference to a study which has employed this approach.
John the Baptist in the gospel tradition

Preface List of Abbreviations Introduction 1. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Mark 2. John the Baptist in Q 3. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Matthew 4. John the Baptist in the Gospel of Luke 5. John the Baptist in the Fourth Gospel 6. Conclusion Appendix: the account of John in Josephus Supplementary bibliography Index of passages cited Index of authors.