Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tonic-to-phasic shift of lumbo-pelvic muscle activity during 8 weeks of bed rest and 6-months follow up.

Prior motor control studies in unloading have shown a tonic-to-phasic shift in muscle activation, particularly in the short extensors. Tonic muscle activity is considered critical for normal musculoskeletal function. The shift from tonic-to-phasic muscle activity has not been systematically studied in humans in unloading nor at the lumbo-pelvic (LP) region. Ten healthy young male subjects underwent 8 wk of bed rest with 6-mo follow up as part of the "Berlin Bed-Rest Study. " A repetitive knee movement model performed in the prone position is used to stimulate tonic holding LP muscle activity, as measured by superficial EMG. Tonic and phasic activation patterns were quantified by relative height of burst vs. baseline electromyographic linear-envelope signal components. Statistical analysis shows a shift toward greater phasic activity during bed rest and follow up (P < 0.001) with a significant interaction across muscles (P < 0.001) specifically affecting the short lumbar extensors. These changes appear unrelated to skill acquisition over time (P all > or = 0.196). This change of a shift from tonic LP muscle activation to phasic is in line with prior research on the effects of reduced weight bearing on motor control.
Key factors in the subjective and objective assessment of conjunctival erythema.

PURPOSE To establish objectively measurable characteristics of the conjunctival vasculature that correspond with the judgment of erythema by human observers. METHODS Color images of bulbar conjunctiva from 21 subjects were digitally analyzed to extract the following variables characteristic of the scene: vessel width (W), number of vessels (V), proportion of area occupied by vessels (PA), relative redness both in vessels (RRV) and in the whole image (RRI), red-green difference both in vessels (RGV) and in the whole image (RGI), red-blue difference both in vessels (RBV) and in the whole image (RBI), and red hue value (RHV). These data were compared with subjective judgments by a panel of seven trained observers who independently rated erythema in the same images, using a 0 to 4 scale with decimal interpolation between grades. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicated significant associations (P<0.05) between the mean response of the human observers and all the objective variables except RHV. Associations with the morphometric variables PA (R2 = 0.93) and V(R2 = 0.90) were markedly stronger than for the best colorimetric variable RBV (R2 = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS Judgments of erythema made by human observers do not rely primarily on color but can be closely approximated by a univariate, linear model involving only the proportion of the scene occupied by vessels. Under the conditions of this study, grading of erythema by trained observers can be considered to constitute measurement to at least an interval level.
CNS Axons Globally Increase Axonal Transport after Peripheral Conditioning

Despite the inability of CNS axons to regenerate, an increased regenerative capacity can be elicited following conditioning lesion to the peripheral branch of dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGs). By in vivo radiolabeling of rat DRGs, coupled to mass spectrometry and kinesin immunoprecipitation of spinal cord extracts, we determined that the anterograde transport of cytoskeleton components, metabolic enzymes and axonal regeneration enhancers, was increased in the central branch of DRGs following a peripheral conditioning lesion. Axonal transport of mitochondria was also increased in the central branch of Thy1-MitoCFP mice following a peripheral injury. This effect was generalized and included augmented transport of lysosomes and synaptophysin- and APP-carrying vesicles. Changes in axonal transport were only elicited by a peripheral lesion and not by spinal cord injury. In mice, elevated levels of motors and of polyglutamylated and tyrosinated tubulin were present following a peripheral lesion and can explain the increase in axonal transport induced by conditioning. In summary, our work shows that a peripheral injury induces a global increase in axonal transport that is not restricted to the peripheral branch, and that, by extending to the central branch, allows a rapid and sustained support of regenerating central axons.
Impact of multiple consumption channels on wormhole routed k-ary n-cube networks

This paper presents a performance evaluation of multiple consumption channels in wormhole routed k-ary n-cube networks. The hotspots produced by non-uniform traffic patterns result in consumption bottleneck. The effects of this bottleneck are examined. The interplay between the number of consumption channels, the underlying routing algorithm, and the topology, is examined from the perspective of overall network performance. Two different communication patterns, all-to-one and non-uniform traffic are used in the study. The authors show that the severity of consumption bottleneck increases as the degree of adaptiveness in a routing algorithm increases, i.e., going from oblivious to partial to fully adaptive routing. They conclude that multiple consumption channels (upto 4 for 2D, 3D and 4D meshes and upto 8 for 8-cube) are desired to reduce the severity of this bottleneck and to exploit the advantages of adaptive routing schemes. <<ETX>>
Intimate Partner Violence Within Military Families

Intimate partner violence (IPV) represents a destructive relationship pattern within military families. This article provides an overview of IPV offender characteristics at large, followed by military-specific IPV perpetrator data. Next, military cultural factors germane to IPV, relevant perpetrator treatment modalities, and general interventional approaches (e.g., mentalization and mindfulness) applicable to military relational abusers are covered. This integrative review article aims to provide a comprehensive scientifically anchored clinical guidepost to therapeutically intervening with domestically violent military personnel.
A Novel Statistical Model for Speech Recognition and POS Tagging

Hidden Markov model is a statistical model which has been applied successfully to speech recognition and natural language processing. However, it is based on three assumptions: (1) limited horizon, (2) time invariant (stationary), (3)the independence assumption of observations within a state. These assumptions are too strong from the view of the statistics and are also unreaistic. In order to overcome the defects of the classical HMM, Markov Family model, a new statistical models is proposed in this paper. The speaker independent continuous speech recognition experiments and the Part-of-Speech tagging experiments show that Markov Family models (MFMs) have higher performance than Hidden Markov models (HMMs).
Consumer Beliefs and Health Plan Performance: It's Not Whether You Are in an HMO but Whether You Think You Are

Surveys that rate how persons enrolled in HMOs and other types of health coverage feel about their health care are used to bolster claims that HMOs provide inferior quality care, providing justification for patient protection legislation. This research illustrates that the conventional wisdom regarding inferior care in HMOs may color how people assess their health care in surveys, resulting in survey findings biased toward showing HMOs provide inferior care and reinforcing existing stereotypes. Using merged data from the Community Tracking Study Household and Insurance Followback surveys, we identify privately insured persons who correctly and incorrectly know what kind of health plan they are covered by. Nearly a quarter misidentified their type of health coverage. Differences between responses by HMO and non-HMO enrollees to questions covering satisfaction with health care and physician choice, the quality of the last physician's visit, and patient trust in their physician shrink or disappear when we control for beliefs about what type of plan they are covered by. Results suggest that researchers and policy makers should be cautious about using consumer surveys to assess the relative quality of care provided under different types of health insurance.
Semi-supervised Spectral Clustering Algorithm Based on Bayesian Decision ⋆

Recently, semi-supervised spectral clustering algorithms have been developing rapidly, which are proposed to improve the clustering performance. In this paper, we first review the current existing spectral clustering algorithms in an unified-framework and give a straightforward explanation about the spectral clustering algorithm. Then, we present a semi-supervised method to improve the clustering results, whose basic idea is to adjust the similarity matrix based on Bayesian information, and fix the class labels on the reference of the pairwise constraints at last. Experimental results on the UCI datasets demonstrate the advantages of the method. We conclude that the similarity adjustment method built on Bayesian decision is meaningful, the boundary of the clusters is partitioned more correctly.
Solution of eighth-order boundary value problems using the non-polynomial spline technique

The non-polynomial spline technique is used for the numerical solution of eighth-order linear special case boundary value problems. The method presented in this paper has also been proven to be second-order convergent. To compare the method developed in this paper with those developed by Inc and Evans, and Siddiqi and Twizell, two examples are considered and it is observed that our method is more efficient.
Effect of Quantum Confinement on the Thermoelectric Properties of Semiconductor 2D Thin Films and 1D Wires

With device dimensions shrinking to nanoscales, quantum effects such as confinement and tunneling become significant in electron transport. In addition, scattering effects such as electron-phonon scattering, electron-impurity scattering also affect carrier transport in small-scale devices. Commonly used quantum transport models involve quantum corrections to the drift-diffusion equations while models based on the solution to the Schrodinger wave equation can be computationally intensive. While most of these transport models are not robust enough to incorporate rigorous scattering effects, the NEGF formalism has been found to be very efficient in coupling quantum and scattering effects. In this paper the NEGF model is used to assess the device characteristics silicon and SiGe superlattice thin films and wires whose applications include thermoelectric cooling of electronic and optoelectronic systems. The effect of quantum confinement on the electrical transport and its impact on the thermoelectric figure of merit is studied in the two cases. Increased confinement causes a drastic reduction in the overall available density of states leading to a decrease in the electrical conductivity while increased boundary scattering of phonons causes the thermal conductivity also to decrease. Results show a competing effect between the decrease in the electrical and thermal conductivity on the overall figure of merit leading to a two to four orders of magnitude decrease in the value of ZT for the case of the two dimensionally confined wires
Rapamycin Conditioning of Dendritic Cells Differentiated from Human ES Cells Promotes a Tolerogenic Phenotype

While human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may one day facilitate the treatment of degenerative diseases requiring cell replacement therapy, the success of regenerative medicine is predicated on overcoming the rejection of replacement tissues. Given the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the establishment of immunological tolerance, we have proposed that DC, rendered tolerogenic during their differentiation from hESC, might predispose recipients to accept replacement tissues. As a first step towards this goal, we demonstrate that DC differentiated from H1 hESCs (H1-DCs) are particularly responsive to the immunosuppressive agent rapamycin compared to monocyte-derived DC (moDC). While rapamycin had only modest impact on the phenotype and function of moDC, H1-DC failed to upregulate CD40 upon maturation and displayed reduced immunostimulatory capacity. Furthermore, coculture of naïve allogeneic T cells with rapamycin-treated H1-DC promoted an increased appearance of CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, compared to moDC. Our findings suggest that conditioning of hESC-derived DC with rapamycin favours a tolerogenic phenotype.
A Typology Of Ontology-Based Semantic Measures

Ontologies are in the heart of the knowledge management process. Different semantic measures have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the strength of the semantic link between two concepts or two groups of concepts from either two different ontologies (ontology alignment) or the same ontology. This article presents an off-context study of eight semantic measures based on an ontology restricted to subsomption links. We first present some common principles, and then propose a comparative study based on a set of semantic and theoretical criteria.
Efficacy and Safety of Human Retinal Progenitor Cells

Purpose We assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of human retinal progenitor cells (hRPC) using established rodent models. Methods Efficacy of hRPC was tested initially in Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) dystrophic rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine/dexamethasone. Due to adverse effects of dexamethasone, this drug was omitted from a subsequent dose-ranging study, where different hRPC doses were tested for their ability to preserve visual function (measured by optokinetic head tracking) and retinal structure in RCS rats at 3 to 6 months after grafting. Safety of hRPC was assessed by subretinal transplantation into wild type (WT) rats and NIH-III nude mice, with analysis at 3 to 6 and 9 months after grafting, respectively. Results The optimal dose of hRPC for preserving visual function/retinal structure in dystrophic rats was 50,000 to 100,000 cells. Human retinal progenitor cells integrated/survived in dystrophic and WT rat retina up to 6 months after grafting and expressed nestin, vimentin, GFAP, and βIII tubulin. Vision and retinal structure remained normal in WT rats injected with hRPC and there was no evidence of tumors. A comparison between dexamethasone-treated and untreated dystrophic rats at 3 months after grafting revealed an unexpected reduction in the baseline visual acuity of dexamethasone-treated animals. Conclusions Human retinal progenitor cells appear safe and efficacious in the preclinical models used here. Translational Relevance Human retinal progenitor cells could be deployed during early stages of retinal degeneration or in regions of intact retina, without adverse effects on visual function. The ability of dexamethasone to reduce baseline visual acuity in RCS dystrophic rats has important implications for the interpretation of preclinical and clinical cell transplant studies.
Efficient Results in Semantic Interoperability for Health Care

Summary Objectives: To summarize excellent current research in the field of Knowledge Representation and Management (KRM) within the health and medical care domain. Method: We provide a synopsis of the 2016 IMIA selected articles as well as a related synthetic overview of the current and future field activities. A first step of the selection was performed through MEDLINE querying with a list of MeSH descriptors completed by a list of terms adapted to the KRM section. The second step of the selection was completed by the two section editors who separately evaluated the set of 1,432 articles. The third step of the selection consisted of a collective work that merged the evaluation results to retain 15 articles for peer-review. Results: The selection and evaluation process of this Yearbook’s section on Knowledge Representation and Management has yielded four excellent and interesting articles regarding semantic interoperability for health care by gathering heterogeneous sources (knowledge and data) and auditing ontologies. In the first article, the authors present a solution based on standards and Semantic Web technologies to access distributed and heterogeneous datasets in the domain of breast cancer clinical trials. The second article describes a knowledge-based recommendation system that relies on ontologies and Semantic Web rules in the context of chronic diseases dietary. The third article is related to concept-recognition and text-mining to derive common human diseases model and a phenotypic network of common diseases. In the fourth article, the authors highlight the need for auditing the SNOMED CT. They propose to use a crowd-based method for ontology engineering. Conclusions: The current research activities further illustrate the continuous convergence of Knowledge Representation and Medical Informatics, with a focus this year on dedicated tools and methods to advance clinical care by proposing solutions to cope with the problem of semantic interoperability. Indeed, there is a need for powerful tools able to manage and interpret complex, large-scale and distributed datasets and knowledge bases, but also a need for user-friendly tools developed for the clinicians in their daily practice.
Context Dependent Bag of words generation

Query spelling correction is a crucial component in modern text mining systems such as Question-answering systems and Sentiment Analysis systems where noise can affect the query matching score. In many existing query matching systems Bag of Words (BoW) generation method is used to generate candidates for noisy words. But in these systems candidate generation do not depend upon context of a query sentence. BoW count for each noisy word may vary and selecting correct candidates from such list is not easy and may result in wrong selection. With our context dependent BoW generation method very few but highly probable candidates are generated which are easy for look up and process of query spelling correction would be easier and efficient.
Aspects of the institutionalization of evaluation in Finland: Basic, agency, process and change

This article draws on neo-institutional theoretical ideas to empirically examine the institutionalization of evaluation in the national government of Finland. The results indicate ambiguity in the basic institutionalization of Finnish evaluation, and imprecision in the agency of the actors that carry out or commission evaluations or utilize the evaluation results. Some Finnish institutional practices of evaluation enhance formal rationality such as efficiency and effectiveness, some support legitimation, and others do both in combination. The strength of coupling of evaluation to decision-making varies greatly. For future research, the article suggests studies on the institutionalization of evaluation in other countries. For evaluation practice, the results highlight the position of evaluation along the rationality-legitimation axis, and the variable linkages of evaluation to decision-making.
Molecular Gas at High Redshift

▪ Abstract The Early Universe Molecular Emission Line Galaxies (EMGs) are a population of galaxies with only 36 examples that hold great promise for the study of galaxy formation and evolution at high redshift. The classification, luminosity of molecular line emission, molecular mass, far-infrared (FIR) luminosity, star formation efficiency, morphology, and dynamical mass of the currently known sample are presented and discussed. The star formation rates derived from the FIR luminosity range from about 300 to 5000 M⊙ year −1 and the molecular mass from 4 × 109 to 1 × 1011 M⊙. At the lower end, these star formation rates, gas masses, and diameters are similar to those of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies and represent starbursts in centrally concentrated disks, sometimes, but not always, associated with active galactic nuclei. The evidence for large (>5 kpc) molecular disks is limited. Morphology and several high angular resolution images suggest that some EMGs are mergers with a massive molecular inte.
Women negotiating cultural representations of mothering

This article is based on a recently completed study of fertility decision-making in Victoria, Australia. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 100 women, it explores how dominant discourses of mothering influence women in their life decisions about children. While much research indicates that all women negotiate dominant ideals of good mothering, our findings suggest that such stereotypes need to be further broken down, since women with and without children respond to different aspects of such ideals. For women who have children, images of the ‘good mother’ are less prevalent than pragmatic concerns about how to manage mothering. Women without children, in contrast, understand mothering as all-encompassing and potentially overwhelming. These findings suggest that Australian women share ideals and assumptions about mothering with their counterparts in the United Kingdom and the United States, but they also point to an increasing gap between how mothering is viewed and how it is practised.
A Survey of Current Hand Assessment Practice in the UK

A range of physical assessment strategies is available to hand therapists although approaches to their use may be variable. Inconsistent use of standardised assessments may compromise the information available to therapists to provide an evidence base for, and inform, practice. Potential research opportunities may also be lost as comparative studies are difficult in such circumstances. This study aimed to review hand therapy assessment practices in the UK. Following a pilot study, a survey of the membership of BAHT (n=493) was undertaken using a self-completed postal questionnaire and a 50.5% response rate (n=249) was secured. Findings suggest that UK hand therapists are using assessment tools of variable accuracy in an environment of limited resources. Therapist time invested in physical measurement may be providing a poor return in terms of the quality of information generated. The need for accurate and easy-to-use measurement tools is evident as is the desire for patient-centred outcome measures. User-friendly and inexpensive measurement tools might facilitate hand therapy research, minimise the potential for researcher bias and enhance the evidence base for hand therapy. Subsequent work has begun to explore assessment tools that may evaluate patient outcome more effectively.
Structural similarity of the membrane envelopes of rhizobial bacteroids and the host plasma membrane as revealed by freeze-fracturing

The freeze-fracture technique was used to study the host plasma membrane and the membrane envelope of bacteroids in rhizobial root nodules of three host-rhizobium combinations. In all three combinations studied, the membrane envelopes of bacteroids are structurally similar to their host plasma membrane. However, the membrane appears to be reversed, because the number and arrangement of particles in the outer fractured face (face A, concave) and in the inner fractured face (face B, convex) of the host plasma membrane are seen, respectively, in the inner fractured face (face B, convex) and in the outer fractured face (face A, concave) of the membrane envelope of the bacteroids at an early stage. This reversion of the membrane surface is consistent with the hypothesis that the membrane envelopes of bacteroids are derived from the host plasma membrane during endocytotic engulfment.