Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biomechanism Profile of Intervertebral Discs (IVD): Strategies to Successful Tissue Engineering for Spinal Healing by Reinforced Composite Structure

Complex multi-lamellar biocomposite structure of Intervertebral Disc (IVD) imparts flexibility between adjacent vertebras, as well as allows transmission of loads from one vertebra to the next along the spine. The disc has a 15- 25 concentric layered laminate structure; each layer is reinforced by collagen fibers which are aligned at approximately 30 degree angle in successive layers with respect to the transverse plane of the disc. This fibrous organization is critical to the proper biomechanical functioning of the disc, such as to convert compressive force to lateral force, to withstand extrinsic tensile stresses (circumferential, longitudinal and torsion). As a result spine becomes flexible to bend and twist. With the regular aging the disc gets dried up lost its flexibility and biomechanical elasticity. That’s why we need tissue engineering of that degenerated tissue to make a proper ailment of that body part by the help of some textile fibers like silk- hydrogel, CMC, PVA- collagen, PGA – chitosan composites. The synthetic polymer has shown great promise for easiness of production, variability in properties and biodegradability and biocompatibity and non-immunogenic response inside the human spinal body for the novel cause of removal and restoration of degenerated human intervertebral disc.
Prox1 maintains muscle structure and growth in the developing heart

Impaired cardiac muscle growth and aberrant myocyte arrangement underlie congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy. We show that cardiac-specific inactivation of the murine homeobox transcription factor Prox1 results in the disruption of expression and localisation of sarcomeric proteins, gross myofibril disarray and growth-retarded hearts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Prox1 is required for direct transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding the structural proteins α-actinin, N-RAP and zyxin, which collectively function to maintain an actin-α-actinin interaction as the fundamental association of the sarcomere. Aspects of abnormal heart development and the manifestation of a subset of muscular-based disease have previously been attributed to mutations in key structural proteins. Our study reveals an essential requirement for direct transcriptional regulation of sarcomere integrity, in the context of enabling foetal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, maintenance of contractile function and progression towards inherited or acquired myopathic disease.
Iron pentacarbonyl: its toxicity, detection, and potential for formation.

Abstract Advancements in iron catalyst systems have prompted an investigation of the formation potential of iron pentacarbonyl and of methods for its detection. This paper describes an inexpensive sampling and analysis technique. An analysis of the thermodynamics associated with iron pentacarbonyl formation is also presented to show the maximum concentration of iron pentacarbonyl that may be found over a wide range of carbon monoxide concentrations, temperatures, and pressures. The toxicity of this compound is reviewed, and recommendations are made for exposure limits in the environment.
An efficient protocol for authenticated key agreement

Authentication and key establishment are fundamental building blocks for securing electronic communication. Cryptographic algorithm for encryption and integrity cannot perform their function unless secure keys have been established and the users know which parties share such keys. It is essential that protocols for providing and key establishment are fit for their purpose. This paper proposes a new and efficient key establishment protocol in the asymmetric (public key) setting that is based on MTI (Matsumoto, Takashima and Imai)-two pass key agreement protocol which consists of three phases; The Transfer and Verification Phase, and The Key Generation Phase. This protocol is strong against most of potential attacks(Known-Key Security, Forward (Perfect) Secrecy, Key-Compromise Impersonation, Unknown Key-Share Attack, Small Subgroup Attack, and Man-in-the-Middle Attack) with low complexity (complexity is 4), also it provide authentication between the two entities before exchanging the session keys.
Incubation of Cocaine Seeking following Brief Cocaine Experience in Mice Is Enhanced by mGluR1 Blockade

The incubation of cocaine craving describes the time-dependent augmentation of cue-induced cocaine seeking during withdrawal from prolonged cocaine self-administration and requires time-dependent changes in neuroplasticity at the level of glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In contrast to most studies that use multiple cocaine-cue conditioning sessions, the present study tested mice with limited cocaine experience (i.e., a single conditioning session) in the incubation of cue-mediated cocaine seeking and its associated changes in the glutamate system. Mice that self-administered cocaine during a single session exhibited a time-dependent increase in their response for the drug-associated cue as compared to mice that self-administered saline. This behavior was associated with changes in AMPA and NMDA receptor binding characteristics. Furthermore, Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) mRNA levels were altered in several brain regions, including the NAc. Because of the pivotal role of mGluR1 in the control of cocaine-induced plasticity, we investigated the role of mGluR1 in the formation of drug cue-mediated cocaine seeking. After prolonged withdrawal, mice in which an mGluR1 antagonist was administered following cocaine self-administration displayed increased cocaine seeking compared to vehicle-treated mice. These results suggest that limited cocaine experience is sufficient to induce neurobiological changes that enable an initially neutral cue to acquire motivational value that increases over time, an effect that likely involves glutamate signaling through mGluR1.
The effect of cooling from surface of power Si MOSFET on hot spot temperature

This paper describes the effect of cooling from a surface of power Si MOSFET on hot spot temperature. In traditional thermal design of electronics, the temperature distribution of chips is assumed to be uniform for simplicity of thermal design. However, in recent years, thermal problems of electronics are more serious, because electronics have been downsizing. Therefore, we should consider the temperature distribution of the chips. In a chip, semiconductor devices are mounted, and the generation of hot spots in semiconductor devices is widely known. Therefore, the chip has non-uniform temperature distribution. However, the detail of thermal properties of power Si MOSFET, which is one type of transistor, is not clear. Power Si MOSFET has large thermal problems, because high voltage is applied to power Si MOSFET. Therefore, we should obtain thermal properties of power Si MOSFET. Thus, the objective of this study is investigation of thermal properties of power Si MOSFET for high reliability of electronics. In this paper, as a fundamental study, we investigate the effect of cooling from the surfaces of power Si MOSFET on hot spot temperature using electro-thermal analysis. As a result, it was investigated that the effect of cooling from the top surface of the device on hot spot temperature is small.
Response Inhibition, Hyperactivity, and Conduct Problems Among Preschool Children

Investigated the relation among response inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems in a nonclinical sample of 115 preschool children, using 2 different types of go/no-go tasks as well as a Stroop-like task. In line with the assumption that hyperactivity is related to disinhibition, the results showed that it was the measures of response inhibition, and not other performance measures, that were related to teacher ratings of hyperactivity. There was also a significant relation between response inhibition and conduct problems. Interestingly, the correlation between response inhibition and conduct problems was not significant when partialling out the effect of hyperactivity, whereas the correlation between inhibition and hyperactivity did remain significant when controlling for conduct problems. Although the association between inhibition, hyperactivity, and conduct problems appeared to be partly different for boys and girls, these differences were not statistically significant.
Pre-existing Cardiovascular Disease and Periodontitis: A Follow-up Study

Periodontal infections in individuals with pre-existing heart disease are believed to increase the risk for future coronary heart disease (CHD) events. The goal of this study was to search for an association between periodontitis and CHD events among individuals with pre-existing heart disease, reported in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Dentate adults (n = 636) with a history of pre-existing cardiovascular disease were followed for CHD events. The presence of periodontitis and gingivitis did not increase CHD risk among these at-risk individuals (hazard ratio [HR], 0.97, and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-1.31; and HR, 1.09, and 95% CI, 0.79-1.50, respectively). When limited to individuals with a self-reported prior heart attack, periodontitis was associated with a 34% decreased CHD risk (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.42–1.05). It is concluded that periodontitis or gingivitis does not elevate CHD risk among individuals with a prior heart attack or self-reported pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
Predictors of stability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes from childhood to young adulthood.

OBJECTIVE To determine the 5-year prospective stability of population-based and DSM-IV subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as to explore predictors of stability. METHOD A total of 708 twins ages 7 to 19 years who were identified from birth records of the state of Missouri and had participated in a study of ADHD were reassessed 5 years later in a blinded fashion. Stabilities of DSM-IV and population-based ADHD subtypes were compared using percentage of agreement with significance tested by the kappa statistic. Predictors of stability of subtype diagnosis were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS In general, 5-year ADHD subtype stability was poor to modest and ranged from 11.1% to 24.0% for DSM-IV for subtypes and from 14.3% to 35.3% for clinically significant population-derived subtypes. There were no predictors of diagnostic stability that applied across subtypes. There were subtype-specific predictors including a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder for DSM-IV primarily inattentive ADHD; lower verbal IQ for DSM-IV combined type ADHD; and younger age, oppositional defiant disorder, and medication use for population-defined severe combined ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Population-defined ADHD subtype criteria demonstrated modestly improved diagnostic stability over 5 years compared to DSM-IV subtypes. Few correlates or predictors of stability were identified.
Characterization and Extrachromosomal Control of Bacteriocin Production in Staphylococcus aureus

About 6% of the tested strains of Staphylococcus aureus produced antagonistic substances against staphylococcal indicator strains. The production was low in liquid cultures and could not be induced by ultraviolet irradiation or by treatment with mitomycin C. The antagonistic substances could be classified into at least five groups on the basis of their properties and cross-resistance pattern. One group consisted of lytic enzymes and the four others of staphylococcins. One of the four types of staphylococcins was active against S. aureus only, and the three other types had a broader inhibitory spectrum against gram-positive organisms but not against gram-negative bacteria. A relationship was found between some groups of producing strains and their phage type. The ability to produce staphylococcins was eliminated spontaneously upon storage and more rapidly by treatment with ethidium bromide, acriflavine, acridine orange, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and growth at 42 C. The resistance to several inorganic salts was co-eliminated. No co-elimination of penicillinase production was observed. Selective effects during elimination were ruled out, and the results suggest that the genes for staphylococcin production are plasmid-borne determinants.
Efficient Maintenance of All-Pairs Shortest Distances

Computing shortest distances is a central task in many graph applications. Since it is impractical to recompute shortest distances from scratch every time the graph changes, many algorithms have been proposed to incrementally maintain shortest distances after edge deletions or insertions. In this paper, we address the problem of maintaining all-pairs shortest distances in dynamic graphs and propose novel efficient incremental algorithms, working both in main memory and on disk. We prove their correctness and provide complexity analyses. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that current main-memory algorithms become soon impractical, disk-based ones are needed for larger graphs, and our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms.
Validation of the Abbreviated BrucellaAMOS PCR as a Rapid Screening Method for Differentiation ofBrucella abortus Field Strain Isolates and the Vaccine Strains, 19 and RB51

ABSTRACT The Brucella AMOS PCR assay was previously developed to identify and differentiate specific Brucella species. In this study, an abbreviated Brucella AMOS PCR test was evaluated to determine its accuracy in differentiating Brucella abortus into three categories: field strains, vaccine strain 19 (S19), and vaccine strain RB51/parent strain 2308 (S2308). Two hundred thirty-one isolates were identified and tested by the conventional biochemical tests and Brucella AMOS PCR. This included 120 isolates identified as B. abortus S19, 9 identified asB. abortus strain RB51, 57 identified as B. abortus biovar 1, 15 identified as B. abortus bv. 2, 1 identified as B. abortus bv. 2 (M antigen dominant), 7 identified as B. abortus bv. 4, and 22 identified asB. abortus S2308 and isolated from experimentally infected cattle. The Brucella AMOS PCR correctly identified each isolate as RB51/S2308, S19, or a field strain of Brucella.
Guidelines for glycemic control and individualized targets.

adequately powered clinical trial to evaluate percutaneous coronary angioplasty bleeding among patients treated with closure devices. A genuine need exists to design costefficient, pragmatic randomized controlled trials to test the efficacy of therapeutics, particularly those that may not be funded by traditional sources. One mechanism would be to use the infrastructure of clinical registries like the NCDR; the National Institutes of Health have recently funded a collaborative effort between the NCDR and the Duke Clinical Research Institute to develop a “national clinical research infrastructure,” with the express goal of conducting efficient clinical trials leveraging both clinical registry data and participants. At the same time, we believe that research using clinical registry data can be very useful to evaluate the comparative safety of competing therapeutics, and to describe the processes of care delivery and outcomes in current clinical practice (which resulted in our reporting the risk treatment paradox), in addition to hypothesis generation for clinical trials. We hope that studies such as ours not only provide an impetus for needed clinical trials such as for closure devices and periprocedural bleeding, but also help guide safe and effective use of therapeutics in clinical practice, including matching therapeutic choices to patient risk.
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND 1957 PANDEMIC OF INFLUENZA: META-ANALYSIS

Maternal influenza during pregnancy is a controversial risk factor for schizophrenia in the child. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine whether birth during the 9-month period after the pandemic of 1957 was a risk factor for schizophrenia. Studies that compared the risk of schizophrenia among subjects born after the pandemic with that among those born in corresponding time periods in surrounding years were divided into those conducted in the United States, Europe, or Australia (type A studies, n = 8) and those from Japan, where the epidemic came in 2 waves (type B studies, n = 3). Other studies examined the risk among subjects born to mothers who were pregnant during the pandemic and reported having had influenza (type C studies, n = 2). Relative risks (RRs) were extracted or calculated for each month and/or trimester of possible exposure by 2 independent authors. All analyses were performed using a fixed-effects model. The weighted results of the type A studies did not indicate a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia among children exposed during any trimester or month of prenatal life. Not a single study found a significant first- or second-trimester effect. The mean weighted RR for subjects who were in their first, second, or third trimester of prenatal life during the pandemic (8 effect sizes) was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85-0.98), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.93-1.07), and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.98-1.12), respectively. The pooled results of the type B and type C studies were also negative. Given high infection rates during the pandemic (about 50%), these results do not support the maternal influenza hypothesis.
Towards Large Scale Spectral Problems via Diffusion Process

Spectral methods refer to the problem of finding eigenvectors of an affinity matrix. Despite promising performance on revealing manifold structure, they are limited in its applicability to large-scale problems due to the high computational cost of eigendecomposition. Nyström method, as a classic method, seeks an approximate solution by first solving a smaller eigenproblem defined on a subset of landmarks, and then extrapolating the eigenvectors of all points through the linear combinations of landmarks. In this paper, we embed a simple yet effective diffusion process into Nyström formula so that we can utilize all data points rather than only landmarks to set up the reduced eigenproblem and estimate the out-of-sample embedding. We apply our method on both dimension reduction and spectral clustering problems. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method can reduce the approximation error with fewer landmarks and less run time.
Aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B10 is associated with hepatitis B virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma risk

Recent reports have indicated that aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), a cancer‐related oxidoreductase, was upregulated in some chronic liver diseases. However, few studies have reported AKR1B10 expression in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected patients. The aim of the present study was to analyze AKR1B10 expression and its relevance on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic HBV infection.
Refolding out of guanidine hydrochloride is an effective approach for high‐throughput structural studies of small proteins

Low in vivo solubility of recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli can seriously hinder the purification of structural samples for large‐scale proteomic NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies. Previous results from our laboratory have shown that up to one half of all bacterial and archaeal proteins are insoluble when overexpressed in E. coli. Although a number of strategies may be used to increase in vivo protein solubility, there are no generally applicable methods, and the expression of each insoluble recombinant protein must be individually optimized. For this reason, we have tested a generic denaturation/refolding protein purification procedure to assess the number of structural samples that could be generated by using this methodology. Our results show that a denaturation/refolding protocol is appropriate for many small proteins (≤18 kD) that are normally soluble in vivo. In addition, refolding the purified proteins by using dialysis against a single buffer allowed us to obtain soluble protein samples of 58% of small proteins that were found in the insoluble fraction in vivo, and 10% of the initial number of proteins provided good heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectra. We conclude that a denaturation/refolding protocol is an efficient way to generate structural samples for high‐throughput studies of small proteins.
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of CiprofloxacinHydrochloride and Ornidazole in Human Plasma

A simple, rapid, sensitive selective chromatographic method has been developed for simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and ornidazole in human plasma by using internal standard. The method depends on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The plasma sample was extracted using methanol: formic acid (5.5:0.5, v/v). A concentration range from 100-400 ng/ml for both drugs was used for calibration curve. The percent recoveries of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole were found to be 71.49-75.68 and 73.78-83.1 respectively. The mobile used consist of acetonitrile: methanol: water: triethylamine (40:20:40: 1% v/v/v) and flow rate 1 ml/min in isocratic mode. The separation was carried out by UV detector at wavelength 300 nm. The stability of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and ornidazole in plasma were confirmed during three freeze-thaw cycles (-20°C), on bench during 12 h, and post preparative stability study. The proposed method was validated statistically and by performing recoveries study for determination of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and ornidazole in human plasma.
p38 MAPK activity is not increased early during sustained coronary artery occlusion in preconditioned versus control rabbit heart.

Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cardioprotection achieved with ischemic preconditioning (PC) involves increased activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) early during sustained coronary artery occlusion. Using the isolated buffer-perfused rabbit heart model of regional ischemia, we quantified p38 MAPK activity (pmol/min/mg protein: by biochemical assay) at 5 and 10 min into coronary occlusion in hearts that first received PC ischemia or no intervention (controls), and in non-ischemic shams. Control hearts exhibited significant increases in p38 MAPK activity, averaging 883+/-142 and 1135+/-179 at 5 and 10 min of occlusion, v 144+/-49 in shams (P<0.05 and P<0.01). p38 MAPK activity was not, however, augmented with PC; rather, at 5 min into occlusion, activity was attenuated, averaging 432+/-72 (P=N.S. v sham). This early, modest reduction in p38 MAPK activity may be physiologically relevant: in additional hearts subjected to 30 min of sustained coronary occlusion and 2 h of reperfusion, infarct size (by tetrazolium staining: expressed as a % of the risk region) was 54+/-5% in hearts treated with SB 203580 (confirmed in our study to inhibit p38 MAPK activity at 5 min into occlusion) v 70+/-5% in vehicle controls (P<0.05). Thus, cardioprotection achieved with ischemic preconditioning in rabbit heart does not involve augmentation of p38 MAPK activity early during sustained coronary occlusion.
MINOR PAPILLA SPHINCTEROTOMY FOR PANCREATITIS DUE TO PANCREAS DIVISUM

Background: Pancreas divisum (PD) is the commonest congenital pancreatic abnormality and is implicated as a cause of acute recurrent pancreatitis (ARP). We report our experience in minor papilla sphincterotomy (MPS) for this condition. Studies published at present have not examined MPS as the primary treatment method in a homogenous (i.e. only those with ARP) patient group.