Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detection and monitoring system of the pantograph-catenary in high-speed railway (6C)

In the traction supply system, most of the defects come from pantograph-catenary system. Due to the violent vibration of the catenary and the violent arc in the pantograph-catenary, the collapse and short circuit of the catenary perhaps take place and interfere or even threaten the safe operation of the vehicles. In the past decades, the detection of pantograph-catenary is performed manually. 40 thousand railway personnel climb onto the support devices to check the potential defects during night. With the rapid growth of the China high-speed railway's mileage, to ensure the safe operation of the high-speed railway and eliminate the hidden danger of the workers, an automatic detection system is established to report all of the potential defects and evaluate the health of the pantograph-catenary. To achieve the overall and real-time detection, the working period and installation positions of the 6C equipment are carefully designed. Meanwhile, a three-level hierarchy is built to transfer and process the big data from the local administrations to the China Railway Corp., which is a unified framework in the nation. China Railway Corp. also enacts eight requirements for the pantograph-catenary detection system. 6C system can measure the dynamic and static geometry parameters and the current collection, and detect the defective working states of the components and the operation condition of the pantograph-catenary. Considering the feedbacks from the 18 railway administrations, 6C system realizes a fine-grained detection and diagnosis of the pantograph-catenary and greatly improves the detection efficiency. In addition, a huge economic and social benefit has been earned.
Motor Imagery Classification Using Mu and Beta Rhythms of EEG with Strong Uncorrelating Transform Based Complex Common Spatial Patterns

Recent studies have demonstrated the disassociation between the mu and beta rhythms of electroencephalogram (EEG) during motor imagery tasks. The proposed algorithm in this paper uses a fully data-driven multivariate empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) in order to obtain the mu and beta rhythms from the nonlinear EEG signals. Then, the strong uncorrelating transform complex common spatial patterns (SUTCCSP) algorithm is applied to the rhythms so that the complex data, constructed with the mu and beta rhythms, becomes uncorrelated and its pseudocovariance provides supplementary power difference information between the two rhythms. The extracted features using SUTCCSP that maximize the interclass variances are classified using various classification algorithms for the separation of the left- and right-hand motor imagery EEG acquired from the Physionet database. This paper shows that the supplementary information of the power difference between mu and beta rhythms obtained using SUTCCSP provides an important feature for the classification of the left- and right-hand motor imagery tasks. In addition, MEMD is proved to be a preferred preprocessing method for the nonlinear and nonstationary EEG signals compared to the conventional IIR filtering. Finally, the random forest classifier yielded a high performance for the classification of the motor imagery tasks.
WHEN LARGE CONFLICTS SUBSIDE: THE EBBS AND FLOWS OF VIOLENCE IN POST-SUHARTO INDONESIA

Abstract The last decade has witnessed an extraordinary spate of scholarship on the ethno-communal violence that swept through Indonesia following the collapse of the Suharto regime. Yet we know very little about how these large-scale violent conflicts subsided and the patterns of post-conflict violence that have emerged since. We introduce evidence from an original dataset to show that the high violence period lasted till 2003, after which violence declined in intensity and scale. Despite this aggregate decline, we find that old conflict sites still exhibit relatively high levels of small-scale violence. We conclude that Indonesia has moved to a new, post-conflict phase where large-scale violence is infrequent, yet small-scale violence remains unabated, often taking on new forms. Finally, we propose that effective internal security interventions by the state are a key reason, although not the only reason, why large-scale violence has not emerged again despite the continued prevalence of low-level violence.
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Simvastatin and Atorvastatin, Downregulate ABCG1-mediated Cholesterol Efflux in Human Macrophages

Abstract: Recent studies showed that statins reduce ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 expression and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1–mediated cholesterol efflux in macrophages, whereas the effect of statins on ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), another important lipid transporter, is still unclear. Here, we investigated the expression and functionality of ABCG1 on statins in THP-1–derived macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Simvastatin and atorvastatin were used in this study. Treatment with statins significantly decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux in human macrophages (from 33.8% ± 2.8% of control to 22.9% ± 1.7% of 10 µM simvastatin or to 23.3% ± 3.3% of 10 µM atorvastatin; P < 0.01, n = 4), whereas the protein expression of ABCG1 remained unaltered on statins. Further analysis revealed that 2 major ABCG1 isoforms responded to statins differently. The expression of ABCG1-S, which exhibited higher activity in cholesterol efflux than ABCG1-L, was significantly decreased on statins compared with increased expression of ABCG1-L. The results suggested that the proportion change of ABCG1 isoform expressions could contribute to reduced ABCG1 functionality under treatment with statins. The effects of statins on ABCG1 isoform expression and functionality were reversed by low-dose liver X receptor agonist, TO-901317, indicating that statins' downregulation of ABCG1 functionality was likely through liver X receptor–dependent pathway. In conclusion, simvastatin and atorvastatin decreased ABCG1-mediated cholesterol efflux in human macrophages without alteration of total ABCG1 protein level. The proportion change of ABCG1 isoforms expressions may be involved in the down-regulation of ABCG1 functionality by statins, which provided a novel mechanism for the regulation of ABCG1 activity.
Population Genetic Structure of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis in Niger

ABSTRACT The increasing usage of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets allows protection of millions of people from malaria infection. Monitoring studies should be planned during any wide-scale malaria control program integrating insecticide-treated materials, to evaluate their effects and effectiveness on epidemiologically relevant parameters. Such operational control interventions may be challenged by insecticide resistance spread within vector populations, as a result of wide insecticide pressure. A nationwide distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets was implemented throughout Niger in 2005. We studied the population genetic structure of major malaria vectors across Nigerien Sahel, and investigated potential effects of this large malaria control intervention. Wild-caught Anopheles gambiae sensu lato females from seven villages and two wet seasons were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. The genetic diversity within both species appeared homogenous between villages and years. The estimated genetic differentiation among samples was very low within both species, indicating high gene flow across the area. An absence of differentiation was also found between 2005 and 2006 wet seasons, for all samples but one, showing that the net distribution did not impact significantly the genetic diversity and structure of vector populations in a single year. We provide valuable results participating to document effects of large malaria control programs, to maximize the efficiency of available tools in future interventions.
Pyogranulomatous Pneumonia in Goats Caused by an Undescribed Porphyromonas Species, “Porphyromonas katsikii”

ABSTRACT A yet-undescribed bacterial species, tentatively named “Porphyromonas katsikii,” was isolated from individuals of a small goat herd with pyogranulomatous pneumonia during an outbreak of acute respiratory disease. The isolated bacteria grew in the form of black-pigmented colonies after 14 days of incubation under anaerobic conditions at 37°C on a tryptic soy blood agar medium. The bacteria were identified as a yet-undescribed Porphyromonas species by determination of the nucleotide sequence of the rrs 16S rRNA gene, and this species was tentatively named Porphyromonas katsikii. PCR amplification with specific primers for this yet-undescribed species revealed the presence of P. katsikii in the lung tissue of all affected animals, while no PCR signals were evidenced from the lungs of healthy goats or from goats with pasteurellosis caused by Mannheimia haemolytica. These data indicate P. katsikii as the causative agent of acute respiratory distress. P. katsikii is phylogenetically related to Porphyromonas somerae and Porphyromonas levii, which cause pathologies in humans and animals, respectively. P. katsikii was not detected by PCR from samples of the gingival pockets or of the faces of healthy goats.
Beginning level nursing students' experiences with cancer patients in their first clinical placement: a qualitative appraisal in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate beginning nursing students' point of view related to caring cancer patients in their first clinical placement. METHODS Data were collected by evaluating the diaries kept by four beginning level nursing students who were assigned to do their fundamentals of nursing clinical practice in hematology clinic from February to May 2011. A qualitative research method was used and data were analyzed using inductive method. FINDINGS Nursing students experienced anxiety, had difficulties while communicating with cancer patients and observed some negative practices related to patient care and treatment. CONCLUSIONS During their clinical placement nursing students were able to differentiate right and wrong practices in clinical environment, they tried to tailor their theoretical knowledge to the clinical practice and reported decrease in their anxiety by the end of clinical rotation. Being assigned to care for cancer patients was a stressful experience for the first year students. According to these results, it can be said that clinics such as hematology can be used as a clinical placement only in mandatory conditions for beginning level nursing students because of their limited clinical experience and the knowledge requirement related to these patients.
Esophageal Circumferential En Bloc Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: Assessment of a New Technique

Background: Endoscopic esophageal piecemeal mucosectomy for high-grade dysplasia on Barrett’s esophagus leads to suboptimal histologic evaluation, as well as recurrence on remaining mucosa. Circumferential en bloc mucosal resection would significantly improve the management of dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus. Our aim was to describe a new method of esophageal circumferential endoscopic en bloc submucosal dissection (CESD) in a swine model. Methods: After submucosal injection, circumferential incision was performed at each end of the esophageal segment to be removed. Mechanical submucosal dissection was performed from the proximal to the distal incision, using a mucosectomy cap over the endoscope. The removed mucosal ring was retrieved. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were prospectively collected. Results: Esophageal CESD was conducted on 5 pigs. A median mucosal length of 6.5 cm (range, 4 to 8 cm) was removed in the lower third of the esophagus. The mean duration of the procedure was 36 minutes (range, 17 to 80 min). No procedure-related complication, including perforation, was observed. All animals exhibited a mild esophageal stricture at day 7, and a severe symptomatic stricture at day 14. Necropsy confirmed endoscopic findings with cicatricial fibrotic strictures. On histologic examination, an inflammatory cell infiltrate, diffuse fibrosis reaching the muscular layer, and incomplete reepithelialization were observed. Conclusions: CESD enables expeditious resection and thorough examination of large segments of esophageal mucosa in safe procedural conditions, but esophageal strictures occur in the majority of the cases. Efficient methods for stricture prevention are needed for this technique to be developed in humans.
Dietary fat: assessing the evidence in support of a moderate-fat diet; the benchmark based on lipoprotein metabolism

There is a growing database that has evaluated the effects of varying amounts of total fat on risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and overweight and obesity. The evidence clearly suggests that extremes in dietary fat should be avoided, and instead a diet moderate in total fat (25–35 % energy) is preferable for the majority of individuals. Moreover, we now appreciate the importance of individualizing dietary fat recommendations within this range of total fat. With respect to cardiovascular disease, a diet higher in total fat (30–35 % energy) affects the lipid and lipoprotein risk profile more favourably than a lower-fat diet; this is also the case for individuals with diabetes, with the added benefit of better glycaemic control. Dietary fibre (≧25g/d) attenuates and even prevents the potentially adverse lipid and lipoprotein effects of a lower-fat diet. With respect to weight control, a moderate-fat diet can be as, or even more, effective than a lower-fat diet, because of advantages with long-term adherence and potentially favourable effects on lipids and lipoproteins. Thus, there is now a convincing scientific basis to advocate a diet moderate in total fat for the majority of individuals. Implicit to this position is that unsaturated fat has numerous beneficial health effects. However, because fat is energy dense, moderation in fat intake is essential for weight control. Consequently, a simple message to convey is to avoid diets that are very low and very high in fat. Moreover, within the range of a moderate-fat diet it is still important to individualize the total fat prescription. Nonetheless, the guiding principle is that moderation in total fat is the defining benchmark for a contemporary diet that reduces risk of chronic disease.
Global Flows of Critical Metals Necessary for Low-Carbon Technologies: The Case of Neodymium, Cobalt, and Platinum

This study, encompassing 231 countries and regions, quantifies the global transfer of three critical metals (neodymium, cobalt, and platinum) considered vital for low-carbon technologies by means of material flow analysis (MFA), using trade data (BACI) and the metal contents of trade commodities, resolving the optimization problem to ensure the material balance of the metals within each country and region. The study shows that in 2005 international trade led to global flows of 18.6 kt of neodymium, 154 kt of cobalt, and 402 t of platinum and identifies the main commodities and top 50 bilateral trade links embodying these metals. To explore the issue of consumption efficiency, the flows were characterized according to the technological level of each country or region and divided into three types: green (“efficient use”), yellow (“moderately efficient use”), and red (“inefficient use”). On this basis, the shares of green, yellow, and red flows in the aggregate global flow of Nd were found to be 1.2%, 98%, and 1.2%, respectively. For Co, the respective figures are 53%, 28%, and 19%, and for Pt 15%, 84%, and 0.87%. Furthermore, a simple indicator focusing on the composition of the three colored flows for each commodity was developed to identify trade commodities that should be prioritized for urgent technical improvement to reduce wasteful use of the metals. Based on the indicator, we discuss logical, strategic identification of the responsibilities and roles of the countries involved in the global flows.
Primary spinal chondrosarcoma: radiologic findings with pathologic correlation

Purpose: To describe the radiologic appearance of the four types of primary spinal chondrosarcoma (CHS) (conventional intramedullary, juxtacortical, clear cell, and mesenchymal) and to correlate with histopathologic findings. Material and Methods: A retrospective review was carried out of 5 patients with histopathologically confirmed primary spinal CHS; 3 F and 2 M ranging in age between 27 and 66 years (mean 40.2; median 39). Charts, conventional radiographs, computed tomography scans, and magnetic resonance images were reviewed. All the patients underwent surgical excision, followed by postoperative chemotherapy (1 patient) and radiotherapy (3 patients). Follow-up was available for all patients but one. The mean follow-up was 42 months (14–120 months). Histopathological specimens for all patients were available for review. Results: Vertebral column distribution was 3 thoracic (60%), 1 cervical (20%), and 1 lumbar (20%). Neurological deficits were present in 3 (60%) cases. The radiological appearance of the four types of primary spinal CHS varies with specific lesion type. Imaging findings suggest diagnosis of the conventional intramedullary and juxtacortical types. While the clear cell and mesenchymal types show some distinctive features, these do not allow confident radiologic diagnosis. Conclusion: The radiologist must be aware of imaging features of these tumors in order to improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and prognosis.
A Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (Palivizumab) Inhibits RSV-Induced Neurogenic-Mediated Inflammation in Rat Airways

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important respiratory pathogen in infancy and early childhood and may predispose to subsequent lower respiratory tract illness. Recent data indicate that RSV up-regulates the substance P receptor, making the airways abnormally susceptible to the proinflammatory effects of this peptide released from sensory nerves. The present study was designed to determine whether the administration of RSV antibodies prevents the potentiation of neurogenic inflammation in rat airways. Five days after inoculation, sensory nerve-mediated extravasation of Evans blue-labeled albumin was significantly greater in the airways of RSV-infected rats than in pathogen-free controls. Polyclonal immune globulin enriched for RSV-neutralizing antibodies (RSVIG) reduced neurogenic extravasation when injected 24 h before intranasal inoculation of the virus but not when injected before endotracheal inoculation. A humanized MAb against RSV fusion protein (palivizumab) was twice as potent as RSVIG when given before intranasal inoculation and also caused significant inhibition after endotracheal inoculation. Furthermore, palivizumab inhibited neurogenic inflammation in RSV-infected rats when given 72 h after virus inoculation. These data suggest that palivizumab protects the respiratory tract from RSV-induced inflammation when given before or in the early phase of the viral infection. The administration of palivizumab to high-risk infants may limit the severity of the acute airway inflammation and may protect against subsequent lower respiratory tract illness.
Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Negative for the Sa442 Fragment

The Sa442 DNA fragment, originally described by Martineau et al. ([3][1]), is a popular DNA target for identification of Staphylococcus aureus by PCR ([2][2]-[6][3]). Several PCR-based assays targeting this DNA fragment alone or in combination with a mecA PCR for identification of a methicillin-
Edge‐loading severity as a function of cup lip radius in metal‐on‐metal total hips—A finite element analysis

While favorable tribological properties and allowance for larger femoral head sizes have made metal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings an increasingly popular choice for total hip arthroplasty, concerns have mounted regarding adverse reactions to metal wear debris and ions. MoM cups differ from conventional polyethylene cups in terms of edge profile design and reductions from full hemisphericity, suggesting differences in loading at or near the cup edge, especially during subluxation events. Finite element analysis was used to investigate the effects of cup orientation and lip edge curvature on damage propensity for edge or near‐edge loading during subluxation. Increased cup lip radius (resulting in reduced articular arc) had a detrimental effect upon subluxation‐free hip range of motion and upon dislocation resistance. Contact stresses near the cup edge demonstrated complex relationships between edge radius and cup orientation, with peak stresses being influenced by both variables. The tendency for scraping wear at the egress site demonstrated similarly complex dependencies. These data indicate that acetabular cup design is an important determinant of edge and near‐edge loading damage propensity. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:169–177, 2012
Flow cytometry‐assisted purification and proteomic analysis of the corticotropes dense‐core secretory granules

The field of organellar proteomics has emerged as an attempt to minimize the complexity of the proteomics data obtained from whole cell and tissue extracts while maximizing the resolution on the protein composition of a single subcellular compartment. Standard methods involve lengthy density‐based gradient and/or immunoaffinity purification steps followed by extraction, 1‐DE or 2‐DE, gel staining, in‐gel tryptic digestion, and protein identification by MS. In this paper, we present an alternate approach to purify subcellular organelles containing a fluorescent reporter molecule. The gel‐free procedure involves fluorescence‐assisted sorting of the secretory granules followed by gentle extraction in a buffer compatible with tryptic digestion and MS. Once the subcellular organelle labeled, this procedure can be done in a single day, requires no major modification to any instrumentation and can be readily adapted to the study of other organelles. When applied to corticotrope secretory granules, it led to a much enriched granular fraction from which numerous proteins could be identified through MS.
Aggregated Deep Feature from Activation Clusters for Particular Object Retrieval

This paper introduces a clustering based deep feature for particular object retrieval. Many object retrieval algorithms focus on aggregating local features into compact image representations. Recently proposed algorithms, such as R-MAC and its variants, aggregate maximum activations of convolutions from rectangular regions of multiple scales and have achieved state-of-the-art performance. Such rectangular regions, however, cannot fit the "non-rectangular" shape of an arbitrary object well, and therefore cover much clutter in the background. This paper targets at mitigating this problem by proposing a deep feature based on clustering the activations of convolutions and aggregating the maximum activations from such clusters. Compared with the square regions used in R-MAC, the clusters thus obtained can better fit the arbitrary shapes and sizes of the objects of interest. By not taking spatial location into account, it is possible to have a single cluster covering multiple disconnected regions that correspond to repeated but isolated visual patterns. This helps to avoid over-weighting such patterns in the aggregated feature. Experiments are carried out on the challenging Oxford5k and Paris6k datasets, and results show that our clustering based deep feature outperforms the R-MAC feature.