Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: methodology and design of the Utrecht Student Survey

This paper describes the methodology of the Utrecht Student Survey. This online survey was conducted in June 2011 by 6002 students living in Utrecht, The Netherlands. The aim of the survey was to determine the potential impact of mixing alcoholic beverages with energy drinks on overall alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. In contrast to most previous surveys conducted on this topic, the current survey used a more appropriate within-subject design, comparing the alcohol consumption of individuals who consume alcohol mixed with energy drinks on occasions. Specifically, a comparison was conducted to examine the occasions during which these individuals consume this mixture versus occasions during which they consume alcohol alone. In addition to energy drinks, the consumption of other non-alcoholic mixers was also assessed when combined with alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, the reasons for consuming energy drinks alone or in combination with alcohol were investigated, and were compared to reasons for mixing alcohol with other non-alcoholic beverages. Finally, personality characteristics and the level of risk-taking behavior among the individuals were also assessed to explore their relationship with alcohol consumption. The Utrecht Student Survey will be replicated in the USA, Australia, and the UK. Results will be pooled, but also examined for possible cross-cultural differences.
USING A HAND-TAP RESPONSE WITH A VIBRATION MICROSWITCH WITH STUDENTS WITH MULTIPLE DISABILITIES

Selecting a convenient response, and a microswitch suitable to it, is critical to successfully introduce students with multiple disabilities to a microswitch-aided programme. This study evaluated the use of a hand-tap response with a vibration microswitch with two students. Both students increased the frequency of the hand-tap response during treatment and maintained such an increase at 3-month follow-up. Procedural issues, practical implications of the findings, and measures for promoting long-term response maintenance/extensions were discussed.
Design and Analysis of Approximate Compressors for Multiplication

Inexact (or approximate) computing is an attractive paradigm for digital processing at nanometric scales. Inexact computing is particularly interesting for computer arithmetic designs. This paper deals with the analysis and design of two new approximate 4-2 compressors for utilization in a multiplier. These designs rely on different features of compression, such that imprecision in computation (as measured by the error rate and the so-called normalized error distance) can meet with respect to circuit-based figures of merit of a design (number of transistors, delay and power consumption). Four different schemes for utilizing the proposed approximate compressors are proposed and analyzed for a Dadda multiplier. Extensive simulation results are provided and an application of the approximate multipliers to image processing is presented. The results show that the proposed designs accomplish significant reductions in power dissipation, delay and transistor count compared to an exact design; moreover, two of the proposed multiplier designs provide excellent capabilities for image multiplication with respect to average normalized error distance and peak signal-to-noise ratio (more than 50 dB for the considered image examples).
Androgens promote the acquisition of maturation competence in bovine oocytes

Recent studies in mice suggest that androgens are important for normal follicle development. However, there have been few reports concerning the action of androgens in the growth of oocytes from large animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the roles of androgens in bovine oocyte growth in vitro. Oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) collected from 0.4−0.7 mm early antral follicles were cultured for 14 days with 17β-estradiol (E2) and a non-aromatizable androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). We also examined the ability of an androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor, hydroxyflutamide, to antagonize the effect of androgens on the oocytes. During growth culture, the OGC structures collapsed in the medium with DHT alone, while in the presence of E2, the OGC structures were maintained. In the medium with both androgens and E2, the mean diameter of oocytes was increased from 95 μm to around 120 μm, larger than those grown with E2 alone (115 μm). Also in the maturation culture, oocytes grown with androgens (A4 or DHT) and E2 showed higher percentages of metaphase II oocytes (63% or 69%, respectively) than those grown with E2 alone (32%). Moreover, these maturation rates were decreased by hydroxyflutamide in a dose-dependent manner. Immunostaining showed that ARs were expressed in oocytes and granulosa cells in early antral follicles, and the nuclei of granulosa cells showed intense AR expression. In conclusion, although E2 supports the OGC structure, additional androgens promote oocyte growth and their acquisition of meiotic competence via AR during in vitro growth culture.
Whole device printing for full colour displays with organic light emitting diodes

Whole device printing is presented for realizing full colour displays with red (R), green (G) and blue (B) organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this process, the whole OLED structure is transferred from a patterned mould to a glass substrate. Therefore, a simple step and repeat of the transfer of each of R, G and B OLED for RGB pixels completes the fabrication of the full colour display over a given area. A difference in the work of adhesion at two interfaces enables the transfer. A ‘rigiflex’ mould is used for the printing. It is rigid enough to allow sub-100 nm resolution and yet flexible enough for intimate contact with the glass substrate, which permits large area application.
Vitamin E and the Healing of Bone Fracture: The Current State of Evidence

Background. The effect of vitamin E on health-related conditions has been extensively researched, with varied results. However, to date, there was no published review of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Purpose. This paper systematically audited past studies of the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Methods. Related articles were identified from Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. Screenings were performed based on the criteria that the study must be an original study that investigated the independent effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing. Data were extracted using standardised forms, followed by evaluation of quality of reporting using ARRIVE Guidelines, plus recalculation procedure for the effect size and statistical power of the results. Results. Six animal studies fulfilled the selection criteria. The study methods were heterogeneous with mediocre reporting quality and focused on the antioxidant-related mechanism of vitamin E. The metasynthesis showed α-tocopherol may have a significant effect on bone formation during the normal bone remodeling phase of secondary bone healing. Conclusion. In general, the effect of vitamin E on bone fracture healing remained inconclusive due to the small number of heterogeneous and mediocre studies included in this paper.
Chronological Immunohistochemical Detection and Localization of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Gnotobiotic Pigs

An immunogold-silver immunohistochemical technique was used to determine the chronological distribution and localization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in experimentally infected gnotobiotic pigs. Thirty-two pigs were randomly allocated to infected (n = 24) or control (n = 8) groups. Pigs in infected groups were inoculated at 3 days of age by nasal instillation of PRRSV isolate ATCC VR-2332 (total dose = 102.64 TCID50), and control pigs were exposed in the same manner to uninfected cell culture supernatant. Three infected and one control pigs were euthanatized at 12 hours and at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days postexposure (DPE). Bronchiolar epithelial cells, arteriolar endothelial cells, monocytes, and interstitial, alveolar, and intravascular macrophages stained for PRRSV antigen at 12 hours postexposure. Staining for PRRSV antigen in endothelial cells, monocytes, and alveolar, interstitial, and intravascular macrophages was most intense and widespread in lung sections from 14 and 21 DPE. In the heart, macrophages in the interstitial and subendocardial spaces and endothelial cells in a few arterioles stained for PRRSV antigen at 14 and 21 DPE. Tonsillar macrophages and mucosal epithelium stained for PRRSV antigen at 12 hours postexposure and sporadically with less intensity in subsequent sampling periods. In the nasal turbinate, PRRSV antigen was identified in macrophages within the mucosal epithelium at 12 hours postexposure and again at 14 and 21 DPE. There was focal staining for PRRSV antigen in the choroid plexus in one pig at 14 DPE. Based on the results of this experiment, the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection in gnotobiotic pigs can be described as initial virus entry through nasal epithelial, tonsillar, and pulmonary macrophages, with viremia occurring by 12 hours postexposure followed by the development of pneumonia, myocarditis, encephalitis, rhinitis, vasculitis, and lymphoid necrosis. Although PRRSV can infect macrophages in heart, tonsil, turbinate, and choroid plexus, pulmonary macrophages are predominantly and consistently infected and are the predominant cells for virus replication in gnotobiotic pigs.
A new chaos-based watermarking algorithm

This paper introduces a new watermarking algorithm based on discrete chaotic iterations. After defining some coefficients deduced from the description of the carrier medium, chaotic discrete iterations are used to mix the watermark and to embed it in the carrier medium. It can be proved that this procedure generates topological chaos, which ensures that desired properties of a watermarking algorithm are satisfied.
Adaptação do Questionário de Autonomia nos Adolescentes (QAA) para a língua portuguesa

O presente estudo tem como objectivo principal apresentar a versao portuguesa do Questionario de Autonomia nos Adolescentes, traduzido e adaptado a partir do Adolescent Autonomy Questionnaire (Noom, 1999). De forma a observar as qualidades psicometricas da versao portuguesa procedeu-se a analise da estrutura factorial, analise da fidelidade, analise da sensibilidade e correlacoes inter-factores. Os resultados obtidos com uma amostra de 171 adolescentes indicaram, atraves de analise factorial confirmatoria, que o modelo original constituido por tres dimensoes nao se revelou adequado a estrutura correlacional observada. Neste sentido, recorreu-se a uma analise exploratoria que reproduziu uma estrutura composta por quatro factores – Auto-determinacao; Independencia; Autonomia cognitiva e Autonomia emocional. Em termos gerais, observaram-se indicios favoraveis a adequabilidade da presente versao do instrumento para a populacao adolescente portuguesa em contexto escolar. As diferencas observadas entre os participantes em funcao da idade (14-16 anos vs. 17-19 anos) sao consistentes com os resultados obtidos nos estudos do instrumento original, fornecendo evidencias adicionais favoraveis a validade da versao portuguesa.
Live imaging of symbiosis: spatiotemporal infection dynamics of a GFP-labelled Burkholderia symbiont in the bean bug Riptortus pedestris

Many insects possess endosymbiotic bacteria inside their body, wherein intimate interactions occur between the partners. While recent technological advancements have deepened our understanding of metabolic and evolutionary features of the symbiont genomes, molecular mechanisms underpinning the intimate interactions remain difficult to approach because the insect symbionts are generally uncultivable. The bean bug Riptortus pedestris is associated with the betaproteobacterial Burkholderia symbiont in a posterior region of the midgut, which develops numerous crypts harbouring the symbiont extracellularly. Distinct from other insect symbiotic systems, R. pedestris acquires the Burkholderia symbiont not by vertical transmission but from the environment every generation. By making use of the cultivability and the genetic tractability of the symbiont, we constructed a transgenic Burkholderia strain labelled with green fluorescent protein (GFP), which enabled detailed observation of spatiotemporal dynamics and the colonization process of the symbiont in freshly prepared specimens. The symbiont live imaging revealed that, at the second instar, colonization of the symbiotic midgut M4 region started around 6 h after inoculation (hai). By 24 hai, the symbiont cells appeared in the main tract and also in several crypts of the M4. By 48 hai, most of the crypts were colonized by the symbiont cells. By 72 hai, all the crypts were filled up with the symbiont cells and the symbiont localization pattern continued during the subsequent nymphal development. Quantitative PCR of the symbiont confirmed the infection dynamics quantitatively. These results highlight the stinkbug‐Burkholderia gut symbiosis as an unprecedented model for comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underpinning insect symbiosis.
Decomposing the memory processes contributing to enactment effects by multinomial modelling

Typically, symbolic enactment increases memory for verb-object phrases. When investigating which processes constitute this enactment effect, a difficulty is that observable effects in standard memory tests are ambiguous. The present work presents a multinomial model that decomposes memory performance into (a) a retrieval parameter, (b) a parameter for integration of a verb-object phrase, and (c) one for item-specific processing. We tested whether enactment strengthens the item-specific processing of the object in addition to that of the verb, and whether enactment strengthens the integration of verbs and objects on top of item-specific processing. Memory after enactment was compared to that after verbal learning and after imagery. Our findings show that, indeed, all three processes are increased after enactment as compared to verbal learning. In addition, retrieval is hindered by enactment.
The Role of COMT in Schizophrenic-Like Cognitive Impairment and Social Functioning in Children with 22q11 Deletion Syndrome

Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that is hypothesized to represent the most extreme manifestation of a continuum of impairment referred to as schizotypy. As such, many of the cognitive, clinical, behavioral, and neuroanatomical features of schizophrenia should be present and detectable in nonpsychotic individuals who share this vulnerability. Recent findings have led to a renewed interest in the role that the gene that codes for catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays in the development and expression of schizotypy and schizophrenia. Specifically, an amino-acid polymorphism (Val158Met) in the COMT gene has been associated with schizophrenia based on linkage and association studies, with schizotypy in nonpsychotic adults, and with performance on dopamine-mediated prefrontal functioning in healthy adults and in patients with schizophrenia. Since abnormal functioning in dopaminergic pathways is thought to be associated with schizophrenia, COMT activity may play a role in schizophrenia pathogenesis and expression. The COMT gene is housed at 22q11.2, which maps to the commonly deleted region in 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22q11DS), a syndrome that is associated with a highly elevated risk for the development of psychosis. The present study investigated the relationship of COMT genotype with neuropsychological impairment and social functioning in a nonpsychotic sample of children with 22q11DS. As hypothesized, participants with the Val allele performed worse on some measures of prefrontal functioning than participants with the Met allele. Additionally, participants with the Val allele exhibited schizophrenic-like social and behavioral deficits. Finally, associations between social and cognitive functioning and a haplotype that has been linked to schizophrenia were examined in patients with 22q11DS.
Workload Reduction and Generation Techniques

Benchmarking is a fundamental aspect of computer system design. Recently proposed workload reduction and generation techniques include input reduction, sampling, code mutation, and benchmark synthesis. The authors discuss and compare these techniques along several criteria: whether they yield representative and short-running benchmarks, whether they can be used for both architecture and compiler explorations, and whether they hide proprietary information.
Current opportunities and challenges: genome‐wide association studies on pigmentation and skin cancer

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have become a widely used approach for genetic association studies of various human traits. A few GWAS have been conducted with the goal of identifying novel loci for pigmentation traits, melanoma, and non‐melanoma skin cancer. Nevertheless, the phenotype variation explained by the genetic markers identified so far is limited. In this review, we discuss the GWAS study design and its application in pigmentation and skin cancer research. Furthermore, we summarize recent developments in post‐GWAS activities such as meta‐analysis, pathway analysis, and risk prediction.
Improving Stroke Rehabilitation: A Controlled Study

Background and Purpose Assessment of stroke rehabilitation is complicated by the heterogeneity of patients and settings and by difficulties in disentangling effects of organization from effects of types and amounts of treatment input. Methods A prospective controlled study was undertaken in 245 stroke patients stratified into three groups according to prognosis and managed on a stroke rehabilitation unit (n=124) or general medical wards (n=121). Patients were randomly allocated to either setting 2 weeks after stroke and were comparable for baseline characteristics. Results Patients on general medical wards received more physiotherapy on average (16.2 ± 7.2 versus 14.3 ± 3.2 hours; P < .05) but similar amounts of occupational therapy (9.3 ± 2.8 versus 9.5 ± 3.2 hours) compared with stroke unit patients. More time was spent on individual rehabilitation on the stroke unit compared with general wards (P < .001). Functional abilities at discharge, destination of discharge, and length of hospital stay in patients with good prognosis were comparable in both settings. Patients with poor prognosis managed on general wards showed higher mortality (P < .05) and longer hospital stay (123.2 ± 48.2 versus 52.3 ± 19.8 days; P < .001), but functional abilities at discharge in survivors were comparable with those of stroke unit patients. Patients with intermediate prognosis had significantly better outcome on the stroke unit, with more patients being discharged home (75% versus 52%; P < .001), shorter average length of hospital stay (48.7 ± 17.2 versus 104.6 ± 28.6 days; P < .001), and better functional abilities at discharge (P < .05). Conclusions Stroke units improve outcome and reduce hospital stay without increasing therapy time. Their effectiveness may be enhanced by patient selection.
Online Near-Duplicate Video Clip Detection and Retrieval: An Accurate and Fast System

Video search has become a compelling research topic in recent years, due to the proliferation of online video uploading/sharing sites and the exponential explosion of video data. In this demonstration, we showcase a Web-based integrated platform which performs online detection of near-duplicate occurrences over continuous video streams, as well as retrieval of near-duplicate clips from segmented video collections. In particular, our method to detect relevant subsequences in a streaming video is characterized by a novel one-dimensional distance trajectory capturing the changes of consecutive frames. Such a trajectory is further represented by a sequence of compact signatures. An effective similarity measure is devised to compare the trajectory with multiple query videos. This system shows a number of new features compared with our previous prototype.
Diagnostic Performance of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory with Nursing Home Residents

RÉSUMÉ Cette étude avait comme objectif de comparer les performances diagnostiques de l'Inventaire de Dépression de Beck (IDB) et de l'Échelle de Dépression Gériatrique (EDG) à correctement identifier des adultes âgés déprimés et des adultes âgés non déprimés exempts de troubles cognitifs importants et vivant en centres d'accueil. Aux seuils-critères usuels de 10 et de 11, la sensibilité du IDB était de 96,30 pour cent et celle du EDG de 88,89 pour cent alors que la spécificité se situait à 46,15 et 56,41 pour cent respectivement. Les courbes caractéristiques du receveur (ROC) ont permis de confronter les résultats obtenus à ces échelles avec le diagnostic des psychiatres selon les critères du DSM-III-R. Contrairement à ce qui avait été prévu, aucune différence n'a été retrouvée entre la surface sous la courbe du IDB (Az = 0,87; é.t. = .04) et celle du EDG (Az = 0,85; é.t. = .05). Ce résultat indique l'équivalence des performances diagnostiques de ces deux échelles. L'exclusion des énoncés somatiques ou du facteur somatique n'a pas amélioré significativement la performance diagnostique du IDB. Des indices de stabilité temporelle, de validité concomitante et de concordance avec le diagnostic ont aussi confirmé la fidélité et la validité de ces deux échelles auprès de résidants cognitivement intacts vivant en centres d'accueil. ABSTRACT This study compared the diagnostic performance of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in correctly identifying depressed and nondepressed older people who are nursing home residents without cognitive disorders. At the usual cut-off scores of 10 and 11, sensitivity was 96.30 per cent for the BDI and 88.89 per cent for the GDS, while their specificity rates were 46.15 and 56.41 per cent respectively. Using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves, the results obtained using these scales were compared with the diagnosis of psychiatric disorder according to the DSM-III-R. Contrary to the hypothesis, no difference was found between the area under the ROC for the BDI (Az = .87; SD = .04) and for the GDS (Az = .85; SD = .05). The exclusion of the somatic items, or the somatic factor, did not change the diagnostic performance of the BDI. Indices of temporal stability, concurrent validity and agreement with clinical diagnoses also confirmed the reliability and validity of these two scales for older people living in nursing homes.
On Insight and Psychosis: Discussion Paper

The concept of insight into psychosis has received scant attention in the psychiatric literature. Various types of insight are described after drawing on such sources as phenomenology, clinical observation and experimental psychology. It is proposed that insight is far from an all or none phenomenon but comprises three overlapping dimensions, namely, the recognition that one has a mental illness, compliance with treatment and the ability to re-label unusual mental events (delusions and hallucinations) as pathological.