Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrated 3 D Expression Recognition and Face Recognition

Face recognition technology has been a focus both in academia and industry for the last couple of years because of its wide potential applications and its importance to meet the security needs of today’s world. Most of the systems developed are based on 2D face recognition technology, which uses pictures for data processing. With the development of 3D imaging technology, 3D face recognition emerges as an alternative to overcome the difficulties inherent with 2D face recognition, i.e. sensitivity to illumination conditions and positions of a subject. But 3D face recognition still needs to tackle the problem of deformation of facial geometry that results from the expression changes of a subject. To deal with this issue, a 3D face recognition framework is proposed in this paper. It is composed of three subsystems: expression recognition system, expressional face recognition system and neutral face recognition system. A system for the recognition of faces with one type of expression (smile) and neutral faces was implemented and tested on a database of 30 subjects. The results proved the feasibility of this framework.
Building communities: Teachers researching literacy lives

In the light of wide recognition that the traffic between home and school is traditionally one-way, this article reports on a deliberately counter-cultural project that involved teachers in researching children’s everyday literacy practices and ‘funds of knowledge’ (González, Moll, & Amanti, 2005) over a year. Eighteen primary teachers from 10 schools in five local authorities in England were involved; this article focuses on two of the practitioners’ experiences. Drawing on a wide range of data, it is argued that the project challenged teachers’ perceptions and beliefs about children and families, prompting dispositional shifts and new understandings of difference and diversity. However, creating responsive curricula that connected to the lived social realities of the children represented a considerable professional challenge. The article highlights the affordances of collaborative research partnerships, and argues that considerable time, space and support is needed in order for teachers to appreciate and understand children’s and families’ funds of knowledge and blur the boundaries between home and school.
Reflections on leadership and place

Drawing upon the preceding articles in this issue, we propose a multiple discourses approach to the study of contemporary leadership and place-shaping literatures with the intention of encouraging researchers, policy-makers and practitioners to engage more self-consciously with the discursive frames within which they work. We argue that this is no mere intellectual exercise, but is crucial for garnering and combining the fruits of work in the (hitherto) parallel fields of leadership and place-making, where theorising has been fragmented and underemphasised, respectively. The approach seeks to reveal the different ways that ‘place’ is constructed, surfacing the tacit assumptions and aspects of leadership of place invoked. In the second section, we identify schools of leadership theory that directly speak to the notion of place, and use these discursive assumptions to re-interrogate the case studies featured in the previous articles. Third, armed with this discursive framework and illuminated by episodes from these contemporary stories of leading in a variety of places, we offer some research pointers to take this immature and exciting field forward.
Buscar el levante por el poniente: in search of fairness through interactivity in massively multiplayer online games

Ensuring fairness among players engaged in online games is a challenging task. Yet, it is a fundamental requirement that can make the difference between having customers that persist or desist in using this kind of application. Answering to this demand, we present here an event delivery mechanism among mirrored game servers able to effectively uplift the fairness degree during game sessions through the heterogenesis of ends in targeting interactivity. We also provide extensive results that sustain our claim.
A Prospective Study Comparing Distance-based vs. Time-based Exercise Prescriptions of Walking and Running in Previously Sedentary Overweight Adults

Prior work has reported that the declines observed in body mass index (BMI) and circumference measurements in their cross-sectional data were twice as large when calculated from distance energy expenditure estimations compared to energy expenditure estimations based on time and intensity. The primary purpose of this study was to compare walking/running for distance to walking/running for time as part of an exercise intervention. This study followed a between-subjects, repeated measures design. Fifteen overweight, but otherwise healthy participants completed the study. The time-based group walked/ran for self-reported time while the distance-based group walked/ran for self-reported distance. A mixed-factor repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare all dependent variables both within-subjects and between-subjects. Weekly adherence rates to the exercise program did not exhibit a significant difference (p > 0.05). Significant interactions were shown for mean body mass loss between groups as well as mean blood glucose level (p < 0.05). Distance-based group exhibited a decline in body mass and blood glucose while the time-based group exhibited an increase in both variables. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the first to directly compare a distance-based vs. a time-based exercise program for walking and running for improvement of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. The results of this study would suggest that a distance-based exercise prescription of walking or running should provide a clinician or researcher with a closer estimation of overall accumulated exercise and resultant weight loss.
Magnetic map building for mobile robot localization purpose

Robotic mapping addresses the problem of modeling environments through mobile robots sensors. The Resulting maps are commonly used for robot localization and navigation. Using a compass in mobile robotics is not frequently considered because it has a significant disadvantage: the data it provides can be easily contaminated by surrounding electromagnetic noise or by large ferrous structures. This makes the compass unreliable for heading determination in indoor environments. This paper addresses construction of an environmental magnetic map with a mobile robot, and how to use such map to determine the robots local heading. We present a novel approach that characterize indoor environments as a magnetic field function. A mobile robot gathers data from a low cost compass as it moves around. This method models the robots working area by means of a simple representation which is time persistent and does not require specialized sensors. Thus, we propose a methodology based on 2D interpolation aimed at determining the robots heading on the working area. Real test results showed the method is suitable for the partial correction of the robots position.
Blood and the public body: a study of UK blood donation and research participation

This paper draws on interview and ethnographic data to describe donor accounts of blood donation in England, and how this contrasts to their responses when invited to also participate in two associated public health research studies. Donor views about usual blood donation combine the general, if flexible, theme of altruism with powerful notions of the social collective, giving rise to the sense that they are making tangible, physical ties and constructing a social body through the act of donation. However, their accounts of research participation are more open and ambiguous. At the core of this is the sense that they do not know what exactly they are ‘giving’, since the research is ultimately about collecting information, rather than substance. Equally, the donor-participants are not sure who they are giving it to, since they have no sense of the social collective that potentially might benefit from the research. The paper argues that the concept of ‘the population’ in public health is not only a term that is alien and abstract for the blood donors, but increasingly is a post hoc category for large-scale epidemiological studies. As a result, rather than supporting the obvious assumption that individual bodies make up populations, in practice, particular population renderings determine the nature of individual bodies. In so doing, the need to address ideas of ‘the social’, as distinct from ‘the population’, is increasingly unnecessary in much of public health research.
Universal Approximation Depth and Errors of Narrow Belief Networks with Discrete Units

We generalize recent theoretical work on the minimal number of layers of narrow deep belief networks that can approximate any probability distribution on the states of their visible units arbitrarily well. We relax the setting of binary units (Sutskever & Hinton, 2008; Le Roux & Bengio, 2008, 2010; Montúfar & Ay, 2011) to units with arbitrary finite state spaces and the vanishing approximation error to an arbitrary approximation error tolerance. For example, we show that a q-ary deep belief network with layers of width for some can approximate any probability distribution on without exceeding a Kullback-Leibler divergence of . Our analysis covers discrete restricted Boltzmann machines and naive Bayes models as special cases.
Why can't smart phones be polite, too? : what would a phone need to know?

Mobile devices nowadays contain state-of-the-art technologies and are considered “smart”. However, we and others around us are often interrupted or embarrassed by these smart devices because the calls and messages received by the devices are not always presented to us at the right moment with the appropriate modality. Our work investigates what information a device like this needs to know, and how the device should make use of such information in order to behave “politely”. We began by investigating the human definition of “politeness” in the context of handling voice calls and text messages, and we found the common properties shared by the scenarios where a device is expected to behave politely. Next, we built a rulebased decision-making system that infers user interruptability and decides when and how the device should interrupt the user. We then determined whether the vocabulary defined in our rule set has captured general users’ definition of a polite device. We also determined that users were able to understand the system’s vocabulary and customize the rule set for their own needs. To further accommodate individual users’ needs, we created a debugging interface that allows users to explore the rule set and modify the rules when the device “misbehaves”. After that, we identified two major challenges in debugging: user’s willingness to debug, displaying the structure of the rule set on a small screen real estate. Lastly, we pointed out the aspects that can be investigated in the future to improve our current work, including: augmenting the vocabulary when more signals become available, considering users of different use habits and cultural backgrounds, and designing a better interface that addresses the challenges in debugging. Thesis Supervisor: Randall Davis Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Cdc48/p97 promotes degradation of aberrant nascent polypeptides bound to the ribosome

Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis can initiate at ribosomes for myriad reasons including misfolding of a nascent chain or stalling of the ribosome during translation of mRNA. Clearance of a stalled complex is required to recycle the ribosome for future use. Here we show that the ubiquitin (Ub) pathway segregase Cdc48/p97 and its adaptors Ufd1-Npl4 participate in ribosome-associated degradation (RAD) by mediating the clearance of ubiquitinated, tRNA-linked nascent peptides from ribosomes. Through characterization of both endogenously-generated and heterologous model substrates for the RAD pathway, we conclude that budding yeast Cdc48 functions downstream of the Ub ligases Ltn1 and Ubr1 to release nascent proteins from the ribosome so that they can be degraded by the proteasome. Defective RAD could contribute to the pathophysiology of human diseases caused by mutations in p97. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00308. 001
Novel method for real‐time monitoring of ATP release reveals multiple phases of autocrine purinergic signalling during immune cell activation

The activation of immune cells must be tightly regulated to allow an effective immune defence while limiting collateral damage to host tissues. Cellular ATP release and autocrine stimulation of purinergic receptors are recognized as critical regulators of immune cell activation. However, the study of purinergic signalling has been hampered by the short half‐life of the released ATP and its breakdown products as well as the lack of real‐time imaging methods to study spatiotemporal dynamics of ATP release.
A Multicenter Evaluation of the Time-Course of Action of Two Doses of Rapacuronium After Early and Late Reversal with Neostigmine

Early reversal of rapacuronium may accelerate return of neuromuscular function. This study was designed to compare early (2 min after rapacuronium) or late (at 25% recovery of the first twitch [T1] of train-of-four) reversal of rapacuronium with neostigmine. We studied 119 subjects between the ages of 18 and 75 yr. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and thiopental and maintained with nitrous oxide, propofol, and fentanyl. Mechanomyographic neuromuscular monitoring was performed by using train-of-four stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Two groups received 1.5 mg/kg rapacuronium followed by neostigmine (50 &mgr;g/kg) and glycopyrrolate (10 &mgr;g/kg) either at 2 min after rapacuronium bolus or at 25% T1 recovery. The other two groups received 2.0 mg/kg rapacuronium, after which neostigmine was similarly given. For each rapacuronium dose, the time from the administration of rapacuronium to the start of T1 recovery or 25% T1 recovery was significantly shorter in subjects who received the reversal 2 min after rapacuronium. However, late recovery, defined by times from administration of rapacuronium to 70%, or 80% T4/T1 recovery, was not influenced by early reversal administration. We conclude that initial recovery is accelerated by early administration of neostigmine. Time to full recovery after rapacuronium administration is, however, dose-dependent and not significantly altered by early administration of neostigmine.
SYNTHESIS AND DOCKING STUDIES OF 2-(NITROOXY)-ETHYL-2-(SUBSTITUTED-2,5-DIPHENYL-OXAZOLE)-ACETATE AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS WITH ANALGESIC AND NITRIC OXIDE RELEASING PROPERTIES

Objective: The objective of the reported study was to develop new chemical entities as potential anti-inflammatory agents with analgesic and nitric oxide releasing properties. Methods: The compounds were designed with the help of docking studies. In the synthetic study the target compounds were obtained by reacting 2-(substituted-2,5-diphenyl-oxazole)-acetic acid (2a-2v) with nitro-oxy ethyl bromide in the presence of dimethyl formamide and potassium carbonate to give 2-(nitrooxy) ethyl 2-(substituted-2,5-diphenyl-oxazole) acetate derivatives (3a-3v). The synthesized derivatives were characterized with the help of different analytical techniques and further evaluated for anti-inflammatory, analgesic and nitric oxide releasing activity. Results: With the help of docking study it was proven that compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r showed significant G-score. In the anti-inflammatory and analgesic study also, compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r exhibited promising activity. All the synthesized compounds exhibited significant nitric oxide releasing properties both in-vitro and in-vivo. Conclusion: Compounds 3a, 3c, 3g, 3l and 3r exhibited prominent anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
A Practical Approach for Relevance Measure of Inter-sentence

Many natural language processing tasks, such as text classification, text clustering, text summarization, and information retrieval etc., cannot miss the step-relevance measure of inter-sentence. However, many of the current NLP system always calculate not the inter-sentence relevance but their similarity. In fact, similarity means differently from relevance. The similarity measure can be acquired by comparing the exterior tokens of inter-sentences, but relevance measure can be obtained only by comparing the interior meaning of the sentences. In this paper, we described a method to explore the quantified conceptual relations of word-pairs by using the definition of a lexical item in modern Chinese standard dictionary, and proposed a practical approach to measure the inter-sentence relevance. The results of the examples show that our approach can solve the problem of how to measure the relevance of two sentences without (or very low) similarity but with a certain relevance. This method is also compatible with the current cosine similarity method.
Sudan's uncivil war: the global–historical constitution of political violence

It is commonplace to characterise political violence and war in Africa as ‘internal’, encapsulated in the apparently neutral term ‘civil war’. As such, accounts of political violence tend to focus narrowly on the combatants or insurrectionary forces, failing to recognise or address the extent to which political violence is historically and globally constituted. The article addresses this problematic core assumption through examination of the case of Sudan, seeking to contribute to a rethinking of protracted political violence and social crisis in post-colonial Africa. The article interjects in such debates through the use and detailed exposition of a distinct methodological and analytical approach. It interrogates three related dimensions of explanation which are ignored by orthodox framings of ‘civil war’: (1) the technologies of colonial rule which (re)produced and politicised multiple fractures in social relations, bequeathing a fissiparous legacy of racial, religious and ethnic ‘identities’ that have been mobilised in the context of post-colonial struggles over power and resources; (2) the major role of geopolitics in fuelling and exacerbating conflicts within Sudan and the region, particularly through the cold war and the ‘war on terror’; and (3) Sudan's terms of incorporation within the capitalist global economy, which have given rise to a specific character and dynamics of accumulation, based on primitive accumulation and dependent primary commodity production. The article concludes that political violence and crisis are neither new nor extraordinary nor internal, but rather, crucial and constitutive dimensions of Sudan's neo-colonial condition. As such, to claim that political violence in Sudan is ‘civil’ is to countenance the triumph of ideology over history.
The Late Medieval "Crisis of the Nobility" Reconsidered: The Case of Flanders

Recent historiography on the economic position of the later medieval nobility has seen a marked shift where the post-war paradigm of a "crisis of the nobility" is replaced with a tendency to stress the endurance of noblemen vis-à-vis the economic, political and social transformations of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. Yet, the question of how noble elites adapted to the economic changes of the later Middle Ages remains a poignant one. Based on an analysis of the Flemish nobility, this article suggests that a study of patterns of social mobility may contribute to a better understanding of that process and that a successful re-evaluation of this issue requires more attention to the pre-Plague era.
A Macrophysiological Analysis of Energetic Constraints on Geographic Range Size in Mammals

Physiological processes are essential for understanding the distribution and abundance of organisms, and recently, with widespread attention to climate change, physiology has been ushered back to the forefront of ecological thinking. We present a macrophysiological analysis of the energetics of geographic range size using combined data on body size, basal metabolic rate (BMR), phylogeny and range properties for 574 species of mammals. We propose three mechanisms by which interspecific variation in BMR should relate positively to geographic range size: (i) Thermal Plasticity Hypothesis, (ii) Activity Levels/Dispersal Hypothesis, and (iii) Energy Constraint Hypothesis. Although each mechanism predicts a positive correlation between BMR and range size, they can be further distinguished based on the shape of the relationship they predict. We found evidence for the predicted positive relationship in two dimensions of energetics: (i) the absolute, mass-dependent dimension (BMR) and (ii) the relative, mass-independent dimension (MIBMR). The shapes of both relationships were similar and most consistent with that expected from the Energy Constraint Hypothesis, which was proposed previously to explain the classic macroecological relationship between range size and body size in mammals and birds. The fact that this pattern holds in the MIBMR dimension indicates that species with supra-allometric metabolic rates require among the largest ranges, above and beyond the increasing energy demands that accrue as an allometric consequence of large body size. The relationship is most evident at high latitudes north of the Tropics, where large ranges and elevated MIBMR are most common. Our results suggest that species that are most vulnerable to extinction from range size reductions are both large-bodied and have elevated MIBMR, but also, that smaller species with elevated MIBMR are at heightened risk. We also provide insights into the global latitudinal trends in range size and MIBMR and more general issues of phylogenetic and geographic scale.
GenoSNP: a variational Bayes within-sample SNP genotyping algorithm that does not require a reference population

UNLABELLED Current genotyping algorithms typically call genotypes by clustering allele-specific intensity data on a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by SNP basis. This approach assumes the availability of a large number of control samples that have been sampled on the same array and platform. We have developed a SNP genotyping algorithm for the Illumina Infinium SNP genotyping assay that is entirely within-sample and does not require the need for a population of control samples nor parameters derived from such a population. Our algorithm exhibits high concordance with current methods and >99% call accuracy on HapMap samples. The ability to call genotypes using only within-sample information makes the method computationally light and practical for studies involving small sample sizes and provides a valuable independent quality control metric for other population-based approaches. AVAILABILITY http://www.stats. ox.ac. uk/~giannoul/GenoSNP/.
Methodiek werkgelegenheid en scholing 1996

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Generation of hardware machine models from instruction set descriptions

The authors describe how a modular machine description, which specifies the functionality and the binary representation of an instruction set, can be transformed into a hardware model. This model is built from new generic hardware entities (registers, memories, arithmetic/logic operators, selectors and connections) and may eventually serve as an input to high-level hardware synthesis tools. The transformation steps on the way from the machine description to the hardware model are explained by giving an example. <<ETX>>