Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects of antipsychotics as outcome measures

Background Antipsychotic drugs are associated with adverse effects that can lead to poor medication adherence, stigma, distress and impaired quality of life Aims To review the use of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs as outcome measures, with a particular emphasis on methodological issues Method Review of data on adverse effects from sources including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), post-marketing surveillance and naturalistic studies Results All have advantages and disadvantages and the best overview comes from considering all sources of data together. Adverse effects are inconsistently reported, hampering cross-study comparisons. Many outcome measures lack clinical meaning. In both naturalistic studies and RCTs adverse effects often account for less treatment discontinuation than lack of efficacy Conclusions Standardisation in the reporting of adverse effects is needed. Patients' subjective experience of medication should be given more consideration. Total discontinuation rates provide a useful global outcome measure that incorporates tolerability and efficacy as well as patient and clinician viewpoints. Patients should be informed of common side-effects prior to treatment and monitored for their occurrence during treatment
Framework for Ontology-centered Modeling and Integration of Services in Web-based Processes

In the context of a Web-based organization, the paper proposes and motivates a conceptual and functional framework for the modeling, integration and execution of Web service-oriented processes driven by ontologies (as common vocabularies between service providers and with the service requestors) and by ontology-based templates for activities, services and requests. The framework relies on the explicit semantic correlation between the mandatory conceptual signature of the activities that compose the processes and the semantics of the services discovered to execute them or of the requests submitted for their execution.
Parent Prevention Communication Profiles and Adolescent Substance Use: A Latent Profile Analysis and Growth Curve Model

ABSTRACT This current study identifies distinct parent prevention communication profiles and examines whether youth with different parental communication profiles have varying substance use trajectories over time. Eleven schools in two rural school districts in the Midwestern United States were selected, and 784 students were surveyed at three time points from the beginning of 7th grade to the end of 8th grade. A series of latent profile analyses were performed to identify discrete profiles/subgroups of substance-specific prevention communication (SSPC). The results revealed a 4-profile model of SSPC: Active-Open, Passive-Open, Active-Silent, and Passive-Silent. A growth curve model revealed different rates of lifetime substance use depending on the youth’s SSPC profile. These findings have implications for parenting interventions and tailoring messages for parents to fit specific SSPC profiles.
Fairness Control by Mobile Routers in On-Board Communication Networks

Communication solutions for passengers on public transport vehicles, in the form of on-board networks connected to the Internet via a mobile router (MR) and a wireless link, are increasingly offered by public transport providers in many countries. An important challenge in such networks is to guarantee a fair access to the scarce wireless bandwidth by all on-board users, particularly in networks with multiple wireless interfaces. Accordingly, we consider an active fairness control scheme, where the MR transparently overrides the TCP advertised receiver window size to limit the transmission rates of on-board TCP connections to their fair share. We focus on the overhead that this scheme places on the mobile router and the wireless interface, due to the need for the MR to estimate the round-trip time (RTT) of each on-board connection. We investigate the performance of three strategies that differ in the timing of RTT estimations, and show that a fairness target-based strategy, which continuously monitors the ongoing fairness index and invokes an RTT reestimation whenever it drops below a predetermined value, consistently achieves a significant improvement in fairness for only a mild overhead cost.
Impact of Range of Motion During Ecologically Valid Resistance Training Protocols on Muscle Size, Subcutaneous Fat, and Strength

Abstract McMahon, GE, Morse, CI, Burden, A, Winwood, K, and Onambélé, GL. Impact of range of motion during ecologically valid resistance training protocols on muscle size, subcutaneous fat, and strength. J Strength Cond Res 28(1): 245–255, 2014—The impact of using different resistance training (RT) kinematics, which therefore alters RT mechanics, and their subsequent effect on adaptations remain largely unreported. The aim of this study was to identify the differences to training at a longer (LR) compared with a shorter (SR) range of motion (ROM) and the time course of any changes during detraining. Recreationally active participants in LR (aged 19 ± 2.6 years; n = 8) and SR (aged 19 ± 3.4 years; n = 8) groups undertook 8 weeks of RT and 4 weeks of detraining. Muscle size, architecture, subcutaneous fat, and strength were measured at weeks 0, 8, 10, and 12 (repeated measures). A control group (aged 23 ± 2.4 years; n = 10) was also monitored during this period. Significant (p > 0.05) posttraining differences existed in strength (on average 4 ± 2 vs. 18 ± 2%), distal anatomical cross-sectional area (59 ± 15 vs. 16 ± 10%), fascicle length (23 ± 5 vs. 10 ± 2%), and subcutaneous fat (22 ± 8 vs. 5 ± 2%), with LR exhibiting greater adaptations than SR. Detraining resulted in significant (p > 0.05) deteriorations in all muscle parameters measured in both groups, with the SR group experiencing a more rapid relative loss of postexercise increases in strength than that experienced by the LR group (p > 0.05). Greater morphological and architectural RT adaptations in the LR (owing to higher mechanical stress) result in a more significant increase in strength compared with that of the SR. The practical implications for this body of work follow that LR should be observed in RT where increased muscle strength and size are the objective, because we demonstrate here that ROM should not be compromised for greater external loading.
Nationwide Analysis of Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients: A Receding Tide

Background: Geriatric femoral neck fractures are associated with substantial morbidity and medical cost. We evaluated the incidence and management trends of femoral neck fractures in recent years in the U.S. Methods: Patient data from 2003 through 2013 were obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Femoral neck fractures in patients ≥65 years old were identified and grouped using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes for internal fixation, hemiarthroplasty, or total hip arthroplasty (THA). The nationwide incidence of femoral neck fractures was calculated and presented as an age-adjusted population rate. Univariable methods were used for trend analysis and comparisons between groups. Logistic regression modeling was used to analyze complications. Results: From 2003 to 2013, we identified 808,940 femoral neck fractures in patients ≥65 years old. The national age-adjusted incidence of femoral neck fractures decreased from 242 per 100,000 U.S. adults in 2003 to 146 in 2013. The proportion of fractures managed operatively with THA increased over time (5.9% in 2003 versus 7.4% in 2013; p < 0.001). Concurrently, the use of hemiarthroplasty declined (65.1% versus 63.6%; p < 0.001). In 2013, the median age of the patients treated with THA was significantly younger (77.3 years) compared with that in the hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation groups (83.2 and 82.0 years). The THA group had significantly higher median initial hospital costs ($17,097) compared with the hemiarthroplasty and internal fixation groups ($14,776 and $10,462). Conclusions: In the last decade, the total number and population rate of femoral neck fractures in the elderly declined significantly. There was a modest but significant increase in the utilization of THA. Clinical Relevance: This report identifies the changing trends in clinical practice in the treatment of geriatric femoral neck fractures in the U.S. Treating physicians should be aware of these trends, which include a decreasing national incidence of geriatric femoral neck fractures as well as an increase in the use of THA.
Imaging brain function in humans at 7 Tesla

This article describes experimental studies performed to demonstrate the feasibility of BOLD fMRI using echo‐planar imaging (EPI) at 7 T and to characterize the BOLD response in humans at this ultrahigh magnetic field. Visual stimulation studies were performed in normal subjects using high‐resolution multishot EPI sequences. Changes in R *2 arising from visual stimulation were experimentally determined using fMRI measurements obtained at multiple echo times. The results obtained at 7 T were compared to those at 4 T. Experimental data indicate that fMRI can be reliably performed at 7 T and that at this field strength both the sensitivity and spatial specificity of the BOLD response are increased. This study suggests that ultrahigh field MR systems are advantageous for functional mapping in humans. Magn Reson Med 45:588–594, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloud traffic control system

A cloud service “Green Wave” (the intellectual road infrastructure) is proposed to monitor and control traffic in real-time through the use of traffic controllers, RFID cars, in order to improve the quality and safety of vehicle movement, as well as for minimization the time and costs when vehicles are moved at the specified routes.
Bag-of-words input for long history representation in neural network-based language models for speech recognition

In most of previous works on neural network based language models (NNLMs), the words are represented as 1-of-N encoded feature vectors. In this paper we investigate an alternative encoding of the word history, known as bag-of-words (BOW) representation of a word sequence, and use it as an additional input feature to the NNLM. Both the feedforward neural network (FFNN) and the long short-term memory recurrent neural network (LSTM-RNN) language models (LMs) with additional BOW input are evaluated on an English large vocabulary automatic speech recognition (ASR) task. We show that the BOW features significantly improve both the perplexity (PP) and the word error rate (WER) of a standard FFNN LM. In contrast, the LSTM-RNN LM does not benefit from such an explicit long context feature. Therefore the performance gap between feedforward and recurrent architectures for language modeling is reduced. In addition, we revisit the cache based LM, a seeming analog of the BOW for the count based LM, which was unsuccessful for ASR in the past. Although the cache is able to improve the perplexity, we only observe a very small reduction in WER. Index Terms: language modeling, speech recognition, bag-ofwords, feedforward neural networks, recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory, cache language model
Primary structure of human nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle C proteins: conservation of sequence and domain structures in heterogeneous nuclear RNA, mRNA, and pre-rRNA-binding proteins

In the eucaryotic nucleus, heterogeneous nuclear RNAs exist in a complex with a specific set of proteins to form heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs). The C proteins, C1 and C2, are major constituents of hnRNPs and appear to play a role in RNA splicing as suggested by antibody inhibition and immunodepletion experiments. With the use of a previously described partial cDNA clone as a hybridization probe, full-length cDNAs for the human C proteins were isolated. All of the cDNAs isolated hybridized to two poly(A)+ RNAs of 1.9 and 1.4 kilobases (kb). DNA sequencing of a cDNA clone for the 1.9-kb mRNA (pHC12) revealed a single open reading frame of 290 amino acids coding for a protein of 31,931 daltons and two polyadenylation signals, AAUAAA, approximately 400 base pairs apart in the 3' untranslated region of the mRNA. DNA sequencing of a clone corresponding to the 1.4-kb mRNA (pHC5) indicated that the sequence of this mRNA is identical to that of the 1.9-kb mRNA up to the first polyadenylation signal which it uses. Both mRNAs therefore have the same coding capacity and are probably transcribed from a single gene. Translation in vitro of the 1.9-kb mRNA selected by hybridization with a 3'-end subfragment of pHC12 demonstrated that it by itself can direct the synthesis of both C1 and C2. The difference between the C1 and C2 proteins which results in their electrophoretic separation is not known, but most likely one of them is generated from the other posttranslationally. Since several hnRNP proteins appeared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as multiple antigenically related polypeptides, this raises the possibility that some of these other groups of hnRNP proteins are also each produced from a single mRNA. The predicted amino acid sequence of the protein indicates that it is composed of two distinct domains: an amino terminus that contains what we have recently described as a RNP consensus sequence, which is the putative RNA-binding site, and a carboxy terminus that is very negatively charged, contains no aromatic amino acids or prolines, and contains a putative nucleoside triphosphate-binding fold, as well as a phosphorylation site for casein kinase type II. The RNP consensus sequence was also found in the yeast poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins A1 and A2, and the pre-rRNA binding protein C23. All of these proteins are also composed of at least two distinct domains: an amino terminus, which possesses one or more RNP consensus sequences, and a carboxy terminus, which is unique to each protein, being very acidic in the C proteins and rich in glycine in A1, and C23 and rich in proline in the poly(A)-binding protein. These findings suggest that the amino terminus of these proteins possesses a highly conserved RNA-binding domain, whereas the carboxy terminus contains a region essential to the unique function and interactions of each of the RNA-binding proteins.
Entries and omissions: using solicited diaries in geographical research

This paper explores the use of personal solicited diaries as a qualitative research tool within social geography. Diaries were used with women from South Africa who recorded their experiences of violence over a period of one month. The paper analyses diaries in terms of their longitudinal benefits, their socially constituted nature, their use in conjunction with interviews and finally their potential for empowerment. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the diary as a methodological tool.
A Novel, Generic, Electroanalytical Immunoassay Format Utilising Silver Nano-Particles as a Bio-Label

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel, generic, sensitive electroanalytical platform method for binding reactions, such as immuno or DNA assays. It was thought that silver nano-particles of 40 nM when attached to the analyte of interest would give an electroanalytical amplification of approx. 106 resulting from silver ions produced by dissolution of the nano-particles by a mild chemical oxidant such as ferricyanide. Ferricyanide has been widely used in biochemical measurement and has been shown to relatively stable in a biosensor device. Here we have demonstrated the use of silver nano-particles as a bio-conjugate in a 96 well sandwich assay format for measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to a concentration of 0.2 mIU.
RZ-DPSK optical modulation for free space optical communication by satellites

We demonstrate up to 4 dB improvement in optical receiver sensitivity using Return-to-Zero Differential Phase Shift Keying (RZ-DPSK) modulation compared with Non-Return-to-Zero On Off Keying (NRZ-OoK) in free space optical communication from satellite to ground at 40 Gbit/s data rate. This has been assessed using simulation software. An experiment is taking place to validate this result for 10 Gbit/s.
Von Willebrand factor-binding protein is a hysteretic conformational activator of prothrombin

Von Willebrand factor-binding protein (VWbp), secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, displays secondary structural homology to the 3-helix bundle, D1 and D2 domains of staphylocoagulase (SC), a potent conformational activator of the blood coagulation zymogen, prothrombin (ProT). In contrast to the classical proteolytic activation mechanism of trypsinogen-like serine proteinase zymogens, insertion of the first 2 residues of SC into the NH2-terminal binding cleft on ProT (molecular sexuality) induces rapid conformational activation of the catalytic site. Based on plasma-clotting assays, the target zymogen for VWbp may be ProT, but this has not been verified, and the mechanism of ProT activation is unknown. We demonstrate that VWbp activates ProT conformationally in a mechanism requiring its Val1-Val2 residues. By contrast to SC, full time-course kinetic studies of ProT activation by VWbp demonstrate that it activates ProT by a substrate-dependent, hysteretic kinetic mechanism. VWbp binds weakly to ProT (KD 2.5 μM) to form an inactive complex, which is activated through a slow conformational change by tripeptide chromogenic substrates and its specific physiological substrate, identified here as fibrinogen (Fbg). This mechanism increases the specificity of ProT activation by delaying it in a slow reversible process, with full activation requiring binding of Fbg through an exosite expressed on the activated ProT*·VWbp complex. The results suggest that this unique mechanism regulates pathological fibrin (Fbn) deposition to VWF-rich areas during S. aureus endocarditis.
Elevated Cyclic AMP Inhibits NF-κB-mediated Transcription in Human Monocytic Cells and Endothelial Cells*

The NF-κB/Rel family of transcription factors regulates the inducible expression of many genes in activated human monocytes and endothelial cells. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanism by which agents that elevate intracellular cAMP inhibit the expression of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), tissue factor, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 genes. Both forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP, which elevate intracellular cAMP by independent mechanisms, inhibited TNFα and tissue factor expression at the level of transcription. Induction of NF-κB-dependent gene expression in transiently transfected human monocytic THP-1 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells was inhibited by elevated cAMP and by overexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA). Elevated cAMP did not prevent nuclear translocation of p50/p65 and c-Rel/p65 heterodimers, decrease nuclear translocation of p65, or significantly modify TNFα-induced phosphorylation of p65. Functional studies demonstrated that transcriptional activation of a plasmid containing multimerized κB sites by p65 was inhibited by agents that elevate cAMP and by overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA. This study indicates that activation of PKA reduces the induction of a distinct set of genes in monocytes and endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated transcription.
Identification of Galectin-3-binding Protein as a Factor Secreted by Tumor Cells That Stimulates Interleukin-6 Expression in the Bone Marrow Stroma*

We have previously demonstrated that neuroblastoma cells increase the expression of interleukin-6 by bone marrow stromal cells and that stimulation does not require cell-cell contact. In this study we report the purification and identification of a protein secreted by neuroblastoma cells that stimulates interleukin-6 production by stromal cells. Using a series of chromatographic purification steps including heparin-affinity, ion exchange, and molecular sieve chromatography followed by trypsin digestion and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we identified in serum-free conditioned medium of neuroblastoma cells several secreted peptides including galectin-3-binding protein, also known as 90-kDa Mac-2-binding protein. We demonstrated the presence of the galectin-3-binding protein in the conditioned medium of several neuroblastoma cell lines and in chromatographic fractions with interleukin-6 stimulatory activity. Consistently, bone marrow stromal cells express galectin-3, the receptor for galectin-3-binding protein. Supporting a role for galectin-3-binding protein in stimulating interleukin-6 expression in bone marrow stromal cells, we observed that recombinant galectin-3-binding protein stimulated interleukin-6 expression in these cells and that interleukin-6 stimulation by neuroblastoma-conditioned medium was inhibited in the presence of lactose or a neutralizing anti-galectin-3 antibody. Down-regulation of galectin-3-binding protein expression in neuroblastoma cells also decreased the interleukin-6 stimulatory activity of the conditioned medium on bone marrow stromal cells. We also provide evidence that stimulation of interleukin-6 by galectin-3-binding protein involves activation of the Erk1/2 pathway. The data, thus, identifies galectin-3-binding protein as a factor secreted by neuroblastoma cells that stimulates the expression of interleukin-6 in bone marrow stromal cells and provides a novel function for this protein in cancer progression.
Surfing Pipelines: Theory and Implementation

Surfing is a latchless pipelining technique where the propagation delays of gates and other logic functions are modulated to produce event attractors. Timing events are propagated along the pipeline and events in the data path are attracted to coincide with the timing events. These attractors reduce timing uncertainties and can reduce the delays of the pipeline. We demonstrate surfing by the design, fabrication, and test of a chip. The surfing ring in this chip supports two independent waves of computation separated only by the surfing effect-no latches or other storage elements are used. We operated the ring for over 48 h and 2 times 1015 surfing events and never observed an error.
Neural correlates of social approach and withdrawal in patients with major depression

Successful human interaction is based on correct recognition, interpretation, and appropriate reaction to facial affect. In depression, social skill deficits are among the most restraining symptoms leading to social withdrawal, thereby aggravating social isolation and depressive affect. Dysfunctional approach and withdrawal tendencies to emotional stimuli have been documented, but the investigation of their neural underpinnings has received limited attention. We performed an fMRI study including 15 depressive patients and 15 matched, healthy controls. All subjects performed two tasks, an implicit joystick task as well as an explicit rating task, both using happy, neutral, and angry facial expressions. Behavioral data analysis indicated a significant group effect, with depressed patients showing more withdrawal than controls. Analysis of the functional data revealed significant group effects for both tasks. Among other regions, we observed significant group differences in amygdala activation, with patients showing less response particularly during approach to happy faces. Additionally, significant correlations of amygdala activation with psychopathology emerged, suggesting that more pronounced symptoms are accompanied by stronger decreases of amygdala activation. Hence, our results demonstrate that depressed patients show dysfunctional social approach and withdrawal behavior, which in turn may aggravate the disorder by negative social interactions contributing to isolation and reinforcing cognitive biases.