Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ticker: A system for incremental ASP-based stream reasoning*

Abstract In complex reasoning tasks, as expressible by Answer Set Programming (ASP), problems often permit for multiple solutions. In dynamic environments, where knowledge is continuously changing, the question arises how a given model can be incrementally adjusted relative to new and outdated information. This paper introduces Ticker, a prototypical engine for well-defined logical reasoning over streaming data. Ticker builds on a practical fragment of the recent rule-based language LARS, which extends ASP for streams by providing flexible expiration control and temporal modalities. We discuss Ticker's reasoning strategies: first, the repeated one-shot solving mode calls Clingo on an ASP encoding. We show how this translation can be incrementally updated when new data is streaming in or time passes by. Based on this, we build on Doyle's classic justification-based truth-maintenance system to update models of non-stratified programs. Finally, we empirically compare the obtained evaluation mechanisms.
Early‐phase of learning enhances communication between brain hemispheres

In the somatosensory system, inputs from one side of the body are only transmitted to the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex, but both sides of the body representation can interact via interhemispheric connections. These interactions depend on the behavioural requirements of the animal and its level of arousal. During the process of learning, alertness and attention may modify the responsiveness of neuronal pathways. We functionally mapped the brains of mice by using [14C]2‐deoxyglucose (2DG) autoradiography during the first and the third session of a classical conditioning paradigm, involving whiskers stimulation on one side of the muzzle paired with an aversive or appetitive unconditioned stimulus. During the first pairing session, an increased 2DG uptake was seen in the barrel cortex of both hemispheres, independently of the type of applied unconditioned stimulus. In the third session of the sensory pairing, activation of the barrel cortex was solely contralateral, as expected after unilateral whisker stimulation. Thus, sensory stimulation directed to one cerebral hemisphere during the initial stages of Pavlovian conditioning activates the primary sensory area in both hemispheres. These results suggest that during the early phase of conditioning, when alertness is presumably strongest, the interhemispheric interactions are enhanced.
Pre-existing fractures and bone mass predict vertebral fracture incidence in women.

OBJECTIVE To determine the independent contributions of bone mass and existing fractures as predictors of the risk for new vertebral fractures. SUBJECTS Postmenopausal Japanese-American women. MEASUREMENTS Baseline measurements of the distal radius, the proximal radius, and the calcaneus were obtained in 1981 using single-photon absorptiometry. Measurements of the lumbar spine were obtained in 1984 using dual-photon absorptiometry. Prevalent vertebral fractures were identified using dimensions measured on lateral radiographs; vertebral height values more than 3 SD below vertebra-specific means were considered to indicate fracture. Statistical models were used to evaluate the utility of bone mass and existing (prevalent) fractures to predict the risk for new fractures during an average follow-up of 4.7 years. MAIN RESULTS Differences of 2 SD in bone mass were associated with fourfold to sixfold increases in the risk for new vertebral fractures. A single fracture at the baseline examination increased the risk for new vertebral fractures fivefold. Presence of two or more fractures at baseline increased the risk 12-fold. A combination of low bone mass (below the 33d percentile) and the presence of two or more prevalent fractures increased the risk 75-fold, relative to women with the highest bone mass (above the 67th percentile) and no prevalent fractures. Stature, body mass index, arm span, and spinal conditions such as scoliosis, osteoarthritis, and sacroiliitis did not predict fracture incidence (P greater than 0.05). Weight was marginally predictive (P = 0.04) of fracture incidence but became nonpredictive after adjusting for bone mass (P greater than or equal to 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both bone mass and prevalent vertebral fractures are powerful predictors of the risk for new vertebral fractures. Combining information about bone mass and prevalent fracture appears to be better for predicting new fractures than either variable alone. Physicians can use these risk factors to identify patients at greatest risk for new fractures.
Exploration of molecular pathways mediating electric field‐directed schwann cell migration by RNA‐seq

In peripheral nervous systems, Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath. Following spinal cord injury, Schwann cells regenerate and migrate to the lesion and are involved in the spinal cord regeneration process. Transplantation of Schwann cells into injured neural tissue results in enhanced spinal axonal regeneration. Effective directional migration of Schwann cells is critical in the neural regeneration process. In this study, we report that Schwann cells migrate anodally in an applied electric field (EF). The directedness and displacement of anodal migration increased significantly when the strength of the EF increased from 50 mV/mm to 200 mV/mm. The EF did not significantly affect the cell migration speed. To explore the genes and signaling pathways that regulate cell migration in EFs, we performed a comparative analysis of differential gene expression between cells stimulated with an EF (100 mV/mm) and those without using next‐generation RNA sequencing, verified by RT‐qPCR. Based on the cut‐off criteria (FC > 1.2, q < 0.05), we identified 1,045 up‐regulated and 1,636 down‐regulated genes in control cells versus EF‐stimulated cells. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis found that compared to the control group, 21 pathways are down‐regulated, while 10 pathways are up‐regulated. Differentially expressed genes participate in multiple cellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell migration, including pathways of regulation of actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and PI3K‐Akt. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 1515–1524, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company
A multi-carrier scheduling algorithm for LTE-advanced

LTE-Advanced aims to provide a transmission bandwidth of 100 MHz by using Carrier Aggregation to aggregate LTE Rel. 8 carriers. In order to increase the system capacity, resource allocation becomes a very good tool, and, in the context of the existence of multiple Component Carriers in LTE-Advanced becomes a complex optimization problem. This paper proposes a Multi-Carrier Scheduling Algorithm that takes into account the user's QoS requirements and also targets the maximization of the user throughput. The algorithm is evaluated in a scenario with both macro and femto Base Stations (i.e. a HetNet scenario) that respects the 3GPP specifications. Numerical results show that this algorithm has better performances than the traditional Round Robin and Proportionally Fair resource scheduling algorithms.
Immunocytochemical localization of calretinin‐containing neurons in the rat periaqueductal gray and colocalization with enzymes producing nitric oxide: A double, double‐labeling study

The pattern of distribution and colocalization of the calcium‐binding protein calretinin (Cal) and of enzymes producing nitric oxide (NO) was examined in the rat periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) using two different experimental approaches, by combining Cal immunocytochemistry with NADPH‐diaphorase (NADPH‐d) histochemistry and with NOS immunocytochemistry, respectively. Cal‐immunopositive neurons were found throughout the rostrocaudal extension of both dorsolateral (PAG‐dl) and ventrolateral PAG (PAG‐vl). Double‐labeled neurons were found only in PAG‐dl. The first experimental approach indicated that 33–41% of the NADPH‐d‐positive (Nadph+) cells were immunoreactive for Cal, whereas NADPH‐d activity appeared in 19–26% of the Cal‐immunopositive (CalIP) neurons. Two‐color immunofluorescence revealed that ∼39–43% of NOS‐immunoreactive (NOSIR) neurons were double‐labeled with Cal and ∼23% of CalIP neurons expressed NOS immunoreactivity. Measurement in semithin sections of the size of the three neuronal populations found in PAG‐dl, showed that CalIP neurons had a cross‐sectional area of 94.7 μm2, whereas Nadph+ neurons and double‐labeled neurons were slightly smaller, having a cross‐sectional area of 90.5 and 91.4 μm2, respectively. On electron microscopy, CalIP axon terminals formed either symmetric or asymmetric synapses; although the latter synapses were more numerous, both types contacted preferentially CalIP dendrites. These experiments suggest that PAG‐dl is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Synapse, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ownership,Cash flow,and Investment

For the reason why internal cash flow can influence investment there exist two al- ternative explanations,i.e.,Free-Cash-Flow Hypothesis associated with overinvestment and Asymmetric-Information Theory indicating underinvestment.Based on data of listed companies, we find that in the companies controlled by local governments or state-owned enterprises,the in- vestment-cash flow sensitivity decreases as the largest shareholder's holding increases;while in the companies controlled by central government,non-state-owned entities or natural persons,the sen- sitivity does not decline as the largest shareholder's holding increases.Our results suggest that there exist free-cash-flow problems in the companies controlled by local governments or state- owned enterprises.
Reinstatement of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) australis (Acari: Ixodidae) with Redescription of the Adult and Larval Stages

ABSTRACT Rhipicephalus australis Fuller, the Australian cattle tick, is reinstated and the adults and larvae redescribed from material collected in Australia. This long ignored boophilid was previously known as R. microplus Canestrini for specimens reported in Australia and New Caledonia. The adults of R. australis are easily recognized by a combination of characters, such as the ventro-medial spurs in the palpal segments of the male, and the abundant, plumose, pale white setae on the dorsum of the female. Other details, such as coxal and adanal shields are more variable among different populations and may lead to incorrect determinations. Larvae of R. australis are clearly smaller than those of R. microplus. The use of principal components analysis on body measurements leads to a clear separation of larvae of both taxa. A phylogenetic analysis based on 12S- and 16S-rDNA gene sequences supports the conspecificity of the neotype material on which the reinstatement of the species is proposed, and of the specimens used for previous interspecific crosses. R. australis is now known to be present in Australia, New Caledonia, the island of Borneo, Philippines, Sumatra, Java, New Guinea, Cambodia, and Tahiti. Both R. microplus and R. australis coexist in some countries in southeastern Asia. Given the extreme importance of these ticks for the cattle industry, field data on their distribution in the region are required to know the actual range of these species and to understand the evolution of the group.
Biochemical reference intervals for sex hormones with a new AutoDelfia method in aged men

Abstract Background: Our aim was to establish sex hormone reference intervals measured with a new AutoDelfia immunoassay method for aged men free of medication and/or conditions known to influence sex hormone levels. Methods: The reference population consisted of 466 individuals between 64 and 97 years (mean 72 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 26.9 kg/m2. Results and conclusions: Because age correlated significantly with most sex hormones studied, we calculated reference intervals for three age groups (64–69, 70–74 and ≥75 years). In clinical practice, single ranges can be used for men aged 64 years or over for testosterone, estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with the AutoDelfia method. For free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), separate reference intervals should be used for men aged 64–74 years and those aged 75 years or over. For sex hormone-binding globulin, two separate reference intervals by age (64–69 and ≥70 years) are also needed for aged men. LH and FSH reference ranges should be judged with caution, because they may be too high due to cases of subclinical hypogonadism included in the reference population. Clin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:249–53.
A Single Amino Acid Change in Subunit 6 of the Yeast Mitochondrial ATPase Suppresses a Null Mutation inATP10 *

In an earlier study, the ATP10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was shown to code for an inner membrane protein required for assembly of the F0 sector of the mitochondrial ATPase complex (Ackerman, S., and Tzagoloff, A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 9952–9959). To gain additional insights into the function of Atp10p, we have analyzed a revertant of an atp10 null mutant that displays partial recovery of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and of respiratory competence. The suppressor mutation in the revertant has been mapped to theOLI2 locus in mitochondrial DNA and shown to be a single base change in the C-terminal coding region of the gene. The mutation results in the substitution of a valine for an alanine at residue 249 of subunit 6 of the ATPase. The ability of the subunit 6 mutation to compensate for the absence of Atp10p implies a functional interaction between the two proteins. Such an interaction is consistent with evidence indicating that the C-terminal region with the site of the mutation and the extramembrane domain of Atp10p are both on the matrix side of the inner membrane. Subunit 6 has been purified from the parental wild type strain, from the atp10 null mutant, and from the revertant. The N-terminal sequences of the three proteins indicated that they all start at Ser11, the normal processing site of the subunit 6 precusor. Mass spectral analysis of the wild type and mutants subunit 6 failed to reveal any substantive difference of the wild type and mutant proteins when the mass of the latter was corrected for Ala → Val mutation. These data argue against a role of Atp10p in post-translational modification of subunit 6. Although post-translational modification of another ATPase subunit interacting with subunit 6 cannot be excluded, a more likely function for Atp10p is that it acts as a subunit 6 chaperone during F0 assembly.
Emotion Dysregulation Is Associated With Social Impairment Among Young Adolescents With ADHD

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate aspects of emotion dysregulation (ED) that characterize young adolescents with ADHD, examine the effects of subtype and comorbidity, and determine the extent to which ED is related to aggression and rule-breaking and social impairment. Method: We examined which aspects of ED are most relevant to ADHD in 180 young adolescents (75% boys), as well as whether ED differs across ADHD subtypes or comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) status. We also examined the association between ED and aggression, rule-breaking, and social impairment. Results: Young adolescent females and males with ADHD exhibited various manifestations of ED, including behavioral dyscontrol in the presence of strong emotions and inflexibility/slow return to emotional baseline. ED did not differ as a function of ADHD subtype or comorbid ODD. Three aspects of ED, namely, low threshold for emotional excitability/impatience, behavioral dyscontrol in the face of strong emotions, and inflexibility/slow return to baseline, predicted three of six measured indices of parent- and self-reported social impairment, above and beyond comorbid ODD. Conclusions: ED is associated with ADHD among young adolescents, does not differ based on ADHD subtype or ODD status, and is associated with social impairment.
PLASMAPHERESIS AND INTRAVENOUS IMMUNE GLOBULIN PROVIDES EFFECTIVE RESCUE THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY HUMORAL REJECTION AND ALLOWS KIDNEYS TO BE SUCCESSFULLY TRANSPLANTED INTO CROSS-MATCH-POSITIVE RECIPIENTS

Background. Hyperacute rejection (HAR) and acute humoral rejection (AHR) remain recalcitrant conditions without effective treatments, and usually result in graft loss.Plasmapheresis (PP) has been shown to remove HLA- specific antibody (Ab) in many different clinical settings. Intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) has been used to suppress alloantibody and modulate immune responses. Our hypothesis was that a combination of PP and IVIG could effectively and durably remove donor-specific, anti-HLA antibody (Ab), rescuing patients with established AHR and preemptively desensitizing recipients who had positive cross-matches with a potential live donor. Methods. The study patients consisted of seven live donor kidney transplant recipients who experienced AHR and had donor-specific Ab (DSA) for one or more mismatched donor HLA antigens. The patients segregated into two groups: three patients were treated for established AHR (rescue group) and four cross-match-positive patients received therapy before transplantation (preemptive group). Results. Using PP/IVIG we have successfully reversed established AHR in three patients. Four patients who were cross-match-positive (3 by flow cytometry and 1 by cytotoxic assay) and had DSA before treatment underwent successful renal transplantation utilizing their live donor. The overall mean creatinine for both treatment groups is 1.4±0.8 with a mean follow up of 58±40 weeks (range 17–116 weeks). Conclusions. In this study, we present seven patients for whom the combined therapies of PP/IVIG were successful in reversing AHR mediated by Ab specific for donor HLA antigens. Furthermore, this protocol shows promise for eliminating DSA preemptively among patients with low-titer positive antihuman globulin-enhanced, complement-dependent cytotoxicity (AHG-CDC) cross-matches, allowing the successful transplantation of these patients using a live donor without any cases of HAR.
Early Driver Fatigue Detection from Electroencephalography Signals using Artificial Neural Networks

This paper describes a driver fatigue detection system using an artificial neural network (ANN). Using electroencephalogram (EEG) data sampled from 20 professional truck drivers and 35 non professional drivers, the time domain data are processed into alpha, beta, delta and theta bands and then presented to the neural network to detect the onset of driver fatigue. The neural network uses a training optimization technique called the magnified gradient function (MGF). This technique reduces the time required for training by modifying the standard back propagation (SBP) algorithm. The MGF is shown to classify professional driver fatigue with 81.49% accuracy (80.53% sensitivity, 82.44% specificity) and non-professional driver fatigue with 83.06% accuracy (84.04% sensitivity and 82.08% specificity)
Enhancing static noise margin while reducing power consumption

The unrelenting scaling of CMOS devices has brought their dimensions down to few tens of nanometers. In such sizes, the reliability margins drop ominously and the leakage power dissipation increases significantly. This paper presents a non-conventional transistor-sizing method for improving reliability by increasing the static noise margin, while simultaneously reducing the power consumption. Simulations results have been used to compare the static noise margin, the power consumption, and the performance of classical CMOS gates with the proposed scheme in the 22 nm technology. The results show that modifying the channel lengths of transistors in inverters and other gates can improve the noise margin by nearly 40% over the conventional one, while reducing the power consumption by 47%. The robustness (measured here in terms of noise margin) of the classical and the new gates are also compared when their transistors are subject to threshold voltage variations.
Lily's Story: STAR Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Lily was born 7 years ago with an illness that did not have a name; she had only a constellation of anomalies. The hope of happiness that most parents experience when expecting a baby was lost halfway through my pregnancy when we heard the words "survival" and "termination of the pregnancy. " Lily did survive and has taught us, her parents, and members of her medical team the meaning of courage and collaboration. PURPOSE This article describes our journey. Today that lesson has blossomed into a patient/parent/family engagement program changing the culture of healthcare and the future for hospitalized infants. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE We share our story so that others might learn from our experiences. Hope and survival are so important to parents and families and health professionals need to be aware that taking away hope can devastate a family. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH More research is needed about when a baby who was expected to die lives anyway and how that experience can best be supported for families. This is an area where the experience is unique and little is really known.
Helios+ and Helios− Cells Coexist within the Natural FOXP3+ T Regulatory Cell Subset in Humans

FOXP3-expressing T regulatory cells (Tregs) can be divided into two distinct subsets: naturally occurring Tregs (nTregs) that develop in the thymus, and induced Tregs (iTregs) that differentiate in peripheral tissues upon exposure to Ag in a tolerogenic environment. Recently it has been proposed that expression of Helios, an Ikaros family transcription factor, may specifically identify nTregs, allowing specific tracking of Tregs from different origins in health and disease. Surprisingly, we found that Helios- cells can be readily identified within naive (CD45RA+CD31+CCR7+CD62L+) FOXP3+ Tregs, a finding inconsistent with the notion that lack of Helios expression identifies Ag-experienced iTregs that should express memory markers. To investigate the phenotype and function of naive Helios+ and Helios− Tregs within the nTreg population, we isolated single-cell clones from each subset. We found that both Helios+ and Helios− nTreg clones have a similar suppressive capacity, as well as expression of FOXP3 and cell surface proteins, including CD39 and CTLA-4. Helios− nTregs, however, produced significantly more CCL3 and IFN-γ compared with Helios+ nTregs. Despite increased cytokine/chemokine production, Helios− FOXP3+ nTreg clones were demethylated at the FOXP3 Treg-specific demethylated region, indicative of Treg lineage stability. When cultured under Th1-polarizing conditions, Helios+ and Helios− nTreg clones had an equal ability to produce IFN-γ. Collectively, these data show that a lack of Helios expression does not exclusively identify human iTregs, and, to our knowledge, the data provide the first evidence for the coexistence of Helios+ and Helios− nTregs in human peripheral blood.