Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating air‐sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum through global ocean data assimilation

Spectral properties of whitecaps are of importance for color ocean remote sensing and aerosol optical thickness probing from satellite-based instruments. They also influence planetary albedo and climate. In particular, whitecaps may affect the response of the climate system to changes in greenhouse gases and other atmospheric constituents. Several experimental measurements of whitecap spectral reflectance have been performed both in the surf zone and in the open ocean, which indicate that oceanic foam cannot be considered as a gray body (e.g., for satellite remote sensing techniques). This paper is devoted to the interpretation of experiments performed in terms of the radiative transfer theory. Only the case of a semi-infinite foam is studied in detail. However, results can be easily extended to the case of finite foamed media having large optical thickness. The model introduced is capable of explaining main features observed, like a sharp decrease of the foam spectral reflectance in the infrared as compared with the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum and a high correlation of the foam reflectance R and the water absorption coefficient a. A simple method to retrieve the spectral dependence of a from the spectral foam reflectance R is proposed.
Performance Analysis of Compact FD-MIMO Antenna Arrays in a Correlated Environment

Full dimension multiple-input-multiple-output (FD-MIMO) is one of the key technologies proposed in the third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the fifth generation communication systems. The reason can be attributed to its ability to yield significant performance gains through the deployment of active antenna elements at the base station in the vertical as well as the conventional horizontal directions, enabling several elevation beamforming strategies. The resulting improvement in spectral efficiency largely depends on the orthogonality of the sub-channels constituting the FD-MIMO system. Accommodating a large number of antenna elements with sufficient spacing poses several constraints for practical implementation, making it imperative to consider compact antenna arrangements that minimize the overall channel correlation. Two such configurations considered in this paper are the uniform linear array (ULA) and the uniform circular array (UCA) of antenna ports, where each port is mapped to a group of physical antenna elements arranged in the vertical direction. The generalized analytical expression for the spatial correlation function (SCF) for the UCA is derived, exploiting results on spherical harmonics and Legendre polynomials. The mutual coupling between antenna dipoles is accounted for and the resulting SCF is also presented. The second part of this paper compares the spatial correlation and mutual information (MI) performance of the ULA and UCA configurations in the 3GPP 3-D urban-macro and urban-micro cell scenarios, utilizing results from random matrix theory on the deterministic equivalent of the MI for the Kronecker channel model. Simulation results study the performance patterns of the two arrays as a function of several channel and array parameters and identify applications and environments suitable for the deployment of each array.
Bringing the Text to Life and Into Our Lives: Jewish Education and the Arts

Abstract This article explores how arts-based learning can facilitate understandings of Jewish religious texts. Through practical examples drawn from our own research, from the worlds of dance, drama, and the visual arts in education, we demonstrate the ways in which arts can allow for the transmission of information and knowledge, as well as offer a “transformative” learning experience; a student can bring the text to life while bringing the text into his or her life. We stress the primary importance and centrality of sacred text within Jewish tradition and assert that the written text should serve in Jewish education as the starting point. The ultimate goal, however, is to enable learners' personal connection with texts. We argue that learning through the arts opens up opportunities for multiple shared interpretations of text, as well as accentuation of the “affective” dimensions of Jewish textual learning. By becoming more aware of the varied possible paths for generating learning activities, educators might choose learning strategies that enable an integration of both the cognitive and affective domains. The examples of Arts Reflective learning demonstrate possibilities for the structuring of “teaching towards transformation. ”
A COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURE WITH INCREMENTAL LEVELS OF MACHINE CONSCIOUSNESS INSPIRED BY COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

The main motivation for this work is to investigate the advantages provided by machine consciousness, while in the control of software agents. In order to pursue this goal, we developed a cognitive architecture, with different levels of machine consciousness, targeting the control of artificial creatures. As a standard guideline, we applied cognitive neuroscience concepts to incrementally develop the cognitive architecture, following the evolutionary steps taken by the animal brain. The triune brain theory proposed by MacLean, together with Arrabale's "ConsScale", serve as roadmaps to achieve each developmental stage, while iCub — a humanoid robot and its simulator — serve as a platform for the experiments. A completely codelet-based system "Core" has been implemented, serving the whole architecture.
The Role of Anxiety in Perceiving and Realizing Affordances

Three experiments were conducted to examine the role of anxiety in perceiving and realizing affordances in wall climbing. Identical traverses were situated high and low on a climbing wall to manipulate anxiety. In Experiment 1, participants judged their maximal overhead reachability and performed maximal reaches on the climbing wall. Anxiety was found to reduce both perceived and actual maximal reaching height. In Experiment 2, participants climbed from right to left and back again on the high and low traverses, which now entailed an abundance of holds. Consistent with the reduction of perceived and actual maximal reaching height found in Experiment 1, anxiety led to the use of more holds. Finally, in Experiment 3, points of light were sequentially projected around the participants while they were climbing to measure attention. As participants detected fewer lights in the high-anxiety condition, it was concluded that anxiety narrowed attention. In general, the results underscored that the actor's emotional state plays an important role in perceiving and realizing affordances and that the perception of affordances changes as the accompanying action capabilities change.
Quality Evaluation and Chemical Markers Screening of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen) Based on HPLC Fingerprints and HPLC-MSn Coupled with Chemometrics

Danshen, the dried root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. , is a widely used commercially available herbal drug, and unstable quality of different samples is a current issue. This study focused on a comprehensive and systematic method combining fingerprints and chemical identification with chemometrics for discrimination and quality assessment of Danshen samples. Twenty-five samples were analyzed by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MSn. Forty-nine components were identified and characteristic fragmentation regularities were summarized for further interpretation of bioactive components. Chemometric analysis was employed to differentiate samples and clarify the quality differences of Danshen including hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Consistent results were that the samples were divided into three categories which reflected the difference in quality of Danshen samples. By analyzing the reasons for sample classification, it was revealed that the processing method had a more obvious impact on sample classification than the geographical origin, it induced the different content of bioactive compounds and finally lead to different qualities. Cryptotanshinone, trijuganone B, and 15,16-dihydrotanshinone I were screened out as markers to distinguish samples by different processing methods. The developed strategy could provide a reference for evaluation and discrimination of other traditional herbal medicines.
Learning styles of first year medical students studying physiology in Tamil Nadu

Background: Understanding the diversity of learning style preferences of first year medical students will help teachers of Physiology design teaching-learning activities that while catering to their preferences also challenge them to grow in categories that are against their preferences. Most research using the VARK (Visual, Aural, Read-write, Kinesthetic) questionnaire that assesses sensory modality preference alone showed that medical students studying Physiology were multimodal. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the learning styles of first year medical students studying Physiology in India using the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) and to compare the learning styles of males and females. Methods and Material: The Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaire was administered to 150 first year medical students studying Physiology in a private medical college in India as it assesses learning style preferences on four dimensions - active/reflective, sensing/intuitive, visual/verbal and sequential/global. Results: The majority of first year medical students were fairly well balanced in the sequential/global dimension (80.66%), active/reflective dimension (68%) and sensory/intuitive dimension (62%) of the ILS. However, in the visual/verbal dimension, the majority of students were visual learners (72.66%). There were no significant differences in the learning style preferences of males and females. Conclusion: The majority of our students were visual learners and were well balanced in the other dimensions, with there being no significant gender wise difference in learning styles. With this knowledge and findings about different dimensions of learning styles, other than sensory modality preference alone, effective teaching-learning activities can be developed.
The Role of Managers in Critical Incident Stress Management Programmes: A Qualitative Study of New Zealand Social Workers

This paper reports part of a larger exploratory research study of social workers' preferred models of critical incident stress management and experiences of critical incident stress debriefing. Social workers were invited to contribute to the research through an advertisement in the national association's newsletter for Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers. Using a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews with 13 social workers, participants were asked about their experiences of critical events encountered within their workplaces over the last five years. Interviews were recorded by audiotape with consent and analysed using thematic analysis. Four main themes emerged: the importance of preparation for critical incidents, the role of relationship between line managers and social workers, specifically the line manager's support immediately after the critical incident, and the availability of peer/colleague networks. An unexpected finding was that social workers interviewed noted that the pre-existing relationship with the line manager influenced their experience of the debriefing process itself. The more engaged and emotionally aware the manager was seen, the more the social worker claimed the debriefing process had been successful from their perspectives. The implications for social workers and their employing agencies are discussed.
Unemployment in military spouses: An examination of the latent and manifest benefits, quality of life, and psychological wellbeing

The aim of the current study was to explore employment, latent and manifest benefits (LAMB), wellbeing, and quality of life (QoL) in military spouses. Australian military spouses (286 females, 3 males, mean age = 29.07, SD = 6.19, age range: 19–50) were contacted through social networking to complete an online questionnaire. Results confirmed that unemployed spouses had reduced access to LAMB, higher levels of distress, and poorer QoL than spouses who were employed. Furthermore, the relationship between employment and wellbeing, and employment and QoL was partially mediated by access to LAMB. Financial income was found to be the most important contributor to wellbeing, and status was found to be the most important contributor of QoL. Overall, findings have implications for military outcomes such as retention and readiness, as spouse employment is a significant factor of their wellbeing and QoL which can, in turn, affect the military member.
Building a flexible and scalable DRAM interface for networking applications on FPGAs

A fundamental challenge to successful deployment of DRAMs is the availability of a flexible and scalable DRAM interface. This is exacerbated by the application specific nature of the logic-side DRAM interface. This paper presents a study that attempts to overcome this challenge for networking application domain. We quantify the various challenges and present techniques that were implemented to build a flexible and scalable interface to an existing multi-port memory controller for DDR DRAM using a FPGA. We demonstrate the deployment of this new interface in two example applications. We present two novel techniques that enable us to reduce the latency of DRAM related memory accesses and improve throughput. We believe our techniques enable harnessing maximum throughput from existing memory controllers with least possible latency.
A DIFFERENT WORLD: AFRICAN AMERICAN, FIRST GENERATION COLLEGE WOMEN AT A SELECTIVE UNIVERSITY

Title of Document: A DIFFERENT WORLD: AFRICAN AMERICAN, FIRST GENERATION COLLEGE WOMEN AT A SELECTIVE UNIVERSITY Jennifer Michelle Johnson, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Directed By: Associate Professor Sharon L. Fries-Britt, Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the academic and social experiences of African American, first generation college students attending a selective university. Following interpretive case study methodology, the major research questions guiding this study were: How do African American, first generation college students describe their academic and social experiences attending a selective institution of higher education? And How do African American, first generation college students mitigate barriers to college persistence? Through demographic questionnaire responses and individual semi-structured interviews with five African American women attending the University of Pennsylvania, participants identified the ways that their collegiate experiences were shaped by their social identities, precollege academic and social experiences, and interactions with members of their campus and home communities. Findings indicated that African American, first generation college women graduate from high school with a strong academic sense of self, developed after years of parental encouragement for academic achievement and positive precollege experiences with teachers and counselors. This academic sense of self contributed to students’ ability to adapt to the academic competiveness and classroom expectations of their given major upon matriculation. With time and self-reflection, students began to engage in academic behaviors linked with success. Socially, early experiences of isolation or alienation primarily occurred during students’ first semester, but were mitigated through interactions with peers or engagement in campus organizations and activities. Students identified availability of financial resources, their strong support networks, and their intrinsic motivation and academic self-efficacy as factors that contributed to their college persistence within the setting of a selective university. Finally, students specifically described how five salient aspects of their identity their race, class, academic sense of self, gender, and spirituality, influenced not only the ways they individually engaged with the college environment, but also their perceptions of various members of the campus community. The findings of this study contributes to the complexity of understanding how African American, first generation college women experience a selective campus environment. Implications for campus policies and practices, as well as recommendations for future research are presented. A DIFFERENT WORLD: AFRICAN AMERICAN, FIRST GENERATION COLLEGE WOMEN AT A SELECTIVE UNIVERSITY
A search for diffuse radio emission in the relaxed, cool-core galaxy clusters A1068, A1413, A1650, A1835, A2029, and Ophiuchus

Aims. We analyze sensitive, high-dynamic-range, observations to search for extended, diffuse, radio emission in relaxed and coolcore galaxy clusters. Methods. We performed deep 1.4 GHz Very Large Array observations, of A1068, A1413, A1650, A1835, A2029, and complemented our dataset with archival observations of Ophiuchus. Results. We find that, in the central regions of A1835, A2029, and Ophiuchus, the dominant radio galaxy is surrounded by diffuse low-brightness radio emission that takes the form of a mini-halo. We detect no diffuse emission in A1650, at a surface brightness level of the other mini-halos. We find low significance indications of diffuse emission in A1068 and A1413, although to be classified as mini-halos they would require further investigation, possibly with data of higher signal-to-noise ratio. In the Appendix, we report on the serendipitous detection of a giant radio galaxy with a total spatial extension of ∼1.6 Mpc.
Dual-Career Couples and Geographic Transfer: Executives' Reactions to Commuter Marriage and Attitude Toward the Move

This study investigated four factors predicted to influence executive decision making concerning geographic transfers when married employees are involved. One hundred and fifty-one executives completed a series of "inbasket" decision-making tasks which described geographic transfer situations. Their ratings of geographic transfers were found to be significantly affected by the couple's attitude toward the move and the presence of commuter marriage (a marital arrangement in which spouses maintain separate households to maximize career possibilities, and reunite when schedules permit). In contrast to prior research, significant differences were not obtained for sex of employee. A number of significant interactions were observed; however, both of the above main effects held up in post hoc analyses of simple main effects. The results were discussed in terms of their implications for companies and for employees considering a commuter marriage. It was recommended that companies should show a greater awareness of transferrelated problems to reduce possible bias against employees planning a commuter marriage.
Towards long-term mobility tracking in NTU hospital's elder care center

Growth of the elder population gives rise to the increasing demand of long-term elder-care facilities. Most elders living in such facilities suffer from multiple chronic illnesses. Accompanying these illnesses are slow declines of the elders' physical and mental health. Continuous tracking of the elders' daily activities is required to detect the declines early. To facilitate long-term mobility tracking of the elders, we investigate, in this work, the potential of a WSN-based indoor location system as a support for the already-overloaded nursing staff. Through the deployment of a WSN-based Real-Time Indoor Location System (WSN-RTLS) in the university hospital's elder care center for 8 months, we find that: (1) each elder's daily mobility shows a reoccurring pattern. The pattern, however, differs from individual to individual. (2) The mobility level shows a significant variability, i.e., not all elders show reoccurring patterns in mobility levels. These suggest that mere quantity of how much the elders move around the facility will not be a suitable target for behavioral modeling. Exact location of the elders' presence, rather, is more relevant. Insitu WSN-RTLSs would be an enabler towards early detection of the elders' physical or mental decline.
Combination of quantification and observation methods for study of “Side Population” cells in their “in vitro” microenvironment

Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the rare phenotypic variants in in vitro culture systems is necessary for the understanding of cell differentiation in cell culture of primary cells or cell lines. Slide‐based cytometry combines image acquisition and data treatment, and associates the power of flow cytometry (FCM) and the resolution of the microscopic studies making it suitable for the analysis of cells with rare phenotype. In this paper we develop a method that applies these principles to a particularly hot problem in cell biology, the study of stem cell like cells in cultures of primary cells, cancer cells, and various cell lines.
Teachers’ social representation of students with Asperger diagnosis

While progress has been made for including students with disability into mainstream schools, trends point to problems for students with Asperger syndrome (AS) diagnosis who have a propensity to dropping out of school. Teachers’ perceptions and understanding of AS will affect expectations and the attainment of educational targets. Thus, to avoid barriers to students’ learning and participation, there is a need to shed light on teachers’ perceptions and beliefs that bear on teachers educational provision for students with AS. The aim of the study was therefore to elucidate mainstream teachers’ representations of students with AS by using the theoretical framework of Social Representation Theory and particularly looking at the effects of the sex of the teacher, grade level being taught and when the teachers received training themselves. Teachers in mainstream schools in Sweden were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire (N = 170). Data were collected through an association task where the participants were asked to produce up to five words or phrases for the stimulus phrase ‘student with Asperger diagnosis’. The data were analysed through categorisation. We found that two-thirds of the macro-categories of mentions relate to ‘disabling aspects’, ‘individual needs’ and ‘individual characteristics’, while a third of the elements were tied to the environment and educational provision. Our results suggest that a medical approach dominates especially earlier trained teachers; however, there is a tendency to view the school environment as increasingly important. Representations about the disabling aspects decreased with the increase in the grades being taught, whereas the educational aspects increase with the increase in grades. Male teachers are more prone to relate to environmental aspects and educational provision while female teachers more often relate to needs and disability. We conclude that teachers tend to view AS from a medical approach but that the school environment is seen as increasingly important.
A Dual-Band Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider With Arbitrary Frequency Ratios

This letter presents a theoretically rigorous investigation and experimental verification for an asymmetrical, unequal power divider working at dual frequency bands. Through the even- and odd-mode analysis that can be applied to dual-band, unequal power divider by assuming virtual open and short points, analytically exact solutions have been derived for the design parameters values. For verification of this analysis, commercially available software including ADS and CST MWS based on circuit theory and full-EM theory, respectively, and already-established equations have been adopted.