Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance motor based on adaptive backstepping

Direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) is an efficient technique of suppressing torque ripple of switched reluctance motor (SRM). However, the performances of the conventional DITC with hysteresis torque control will be degraded due to limited sampling frequency in digital implementation. Moreover, the performance is also heavily dependent on the outer speed regulator. An improved DITC based on adaptive backstepping is proposed in this paper. Both of the speed control and torque control are designed based on the backstepping theory. And the uncertainties caused by the model inaccuracy and disturbance are considered as lumped uncertainties. To reduce the chattering problem caused by a large switching gain, a simple adaptive algorithm for estimating the lumped uncertainties is developed. The proposed controller is implemented on the Matlab/Simulink environment, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Perceptual or analytical processing? : evidence from children's and adult's performance on the Euclidean Traveling Salesperson problem

The Euclidean Traveling Salesperson Problem (E-TSP) is a useful task to study how humans optimize when faced with computational intractability. It has been found that humans are capable of finding high-quality solutions for E-TSP in a relatively short time and with seemingly little cognitive effort. This observation has led to two general proposals: The high quality of performance on E-TSP reflects (a) the output of automatic and innate perceptual processes or (b) a fundamentally intelligent approach to the task by humans. An experiment was performed to compare performance of three age groups (7-year-olds, 12-year-olds, and adults). Our findings provide corroborating evidence that high-level performance on E-TSP is attainable with perceptual processing alone. At the same time, the exceptionally high performance of adult participants suggests that they additionally exploit their cognitive-analytic skills to improve upon what their visual systems provide.
Professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue: A review of theoretical terms, risk factors, and preventive methods for clinicians and researchers.

The emotional and psychological risks associated with providing direct social work services to vulnerable populations have been largely overlooked in social work educational curriculum and agency training (Cunningham, 2004; Courtois, 2002; Shackelford, 2006). These risks should be conceptualized as occurring in two separate forms: trauma-related stress and professional burnout. Vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue are conditions related specifically to work with trauma populations, while professional burnout is considered a more general phenomenon which may occur within any social service setting. The forms of trauma-related stress conditions and professional burnout are often erroneously discussed either interchangeably or grouped together as one condition in the literature. It is best to conceptualize each of these conditions separately in order to have a comprehensive understanding of these complex phenomena. It is important that direct practitioners and educators understand the risk factors and symptoms associated with these phenomena in order to identify, prevent, and/or minimize their effects. As a best-practice initiative, it is appropriate that information on these conditions be infused into social work curricula as a first-line preventive measure for the training of inexperienced social workers who may be more vulnerable to the effects of these conditions (Lerias & Byrne, 2003). Information on these topics should also be included as part of agency training for practitioners already working in the field. This article provides a brief review of professional burnout, vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue, including the risk factors and symptoms associated with these conditions. Particular attention is paid to the inclusion of this material and the practice of self-care in both macro and micro social work education, as well as agency-training curriculum.
From details to large scale: The representation of environmental positions follows a granularity gradient along the human hippocampal and entorhinal anterior–posterior axis

In rodents representations of environmental positions follow a granularity gradient along the hippocampal and entorhinal anterior–posterior axis; with fine‐grained representations most posteriorly. To investigate if such a gradient exists in humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during virtual environmental learning of the objects' positions and the association between the objects and room geometry. The Objects‐room geometry binding led to increased activation throughout the hippocampus and in the posterior entorhinal cortex. Within subject comparisons related specifically to the level of spatial granularity of the object position encoding showed that activation in the posterior and intermediate hippocampus was highest for fine‐grained and medium‐grained representations, respectively. In addition, the level of fine granularity in the objects' positions encoded between subjects correlated with posterior hippocampal activation. For the anterior hippocampus increased activation was observed for coarse‐grained representations as compared to failed encoding. Activation in anterior hippocampus correlated with the number of environments in which the objects positions were remembered when permitting a coarse representation of positions. In the entorhinal cortex, activation in the posterior part correlated with level of fine granularity for the objects' positions encoded between subjects, and activation in the posterior and intermediate entorhinal cortex increased for medium‐grained representations. This demonstrates directly that positional granularity is represented in a graded manner along the anterior–posterior axis of the human hippocampus, and to some extent entorhinal cortex, with most fine‐grained positional representations posteriorly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Dedicated Optical Path Protection in WDM Mesh Networks and the finite differences of Available Capacity and the Connection Groups

In this article the problem of the traffic and the available network capacity of the WDM mesh networks are defined, analyzed and calculated by applying the difference equations. The requests for connection in a time interval are generated by difference equations. By these equations (linear, square or exponential) the available capacity is calculated. To be this problem more complete it is studied as dedicated optical path protection one. The requests for connection of a node pair in a time interval forms the connection group size of this node pair. The difference equation methods are arithmetical and solve successfully the problems.
Funds of Knowledge and Community Cultural Wealth: Exploring How Pre-Service Teachers Can Work Effectively with Mexican and Mexican American Students.

This article examines how pre-service teachers can work effectively with Mexican and Mexican American students. Using the foundation of funds of knowledge (Gonzalez, Moll, & Amanti, 2005) and the critical race theory concept of community cultural wealth (Yosso, 2005), the article weaves together these ideas to discuss how they can be implemented in teacher education programs. Added to the conversation is the importance of historical context in better understanding current educational situations affecting specific communities. Given the specific Southwest location, this article focuses on mostly white female pre-service teachers working in schools with a primarily Mexican and Mexican American student population. The purpose is to educate pre-service teachers and provide a close analysis of funds of knowledge and community cultural wealth as ways to give preservice teachers tools to investigate their own practice.
PET-Scan Shows Peripherally Increased Neurokinin 1 Receptor Availability in Chronic Tennis Elbow: Visualizing Neurogenic Inflammation?

In response to pain, neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor availability is altered in the central nervous system. The NK1 receptor and its primary agonist, substance P, also play a crucial role in peripheral tissue in response to pain, as part of neurogenic inflammation. However, little is known about alterations in NK1 receptor availability in peripheral tissue in chronic pain conditions and very few studies have been performed on human beings. Ten subjects with chronic tennis elbow were therefore examined by positron emission tomography (PET) with the NK1 specific radioligand [11C]GR205171 before and after treatment with graded exercise. The radioligand signal intensity was higher in the affected arm as compared with the unaffected arm, measured as differences between the arms in volume of voxels and signal intensity of this volume above a reference threshold set as 2.5 SD above mean signal intensity of the unaffected arm before treatment. In the eight subjects examined after treatment, pain ratings decreased in all subjects but signal intensity decreased in five and increased in three. In conclusion, NK1 receptors may be activated, or up-regulated in the peripheral, painful tissue of a chronic pain condition. This up-regulation does, however, have moderate correlation to pain ratings. The increased NK1 receptor availability is interpreted as part of ongoing neurogenic inflammation and may have correlation to the pathogenesis of chronic tennis elbow. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00888225 http://clinicaltrials.gov/
EcoMobile : Energy-aware Real-time Framework for Multicore Mobile Systems

In this paper, we propose a design and development plan to build an energy-aware framework for multicore mobile systems which extends Android with two features it lacks: fine-grain power management functionality and real-time support. We also provide three novel energy-aware real-time multicore scheduling algorithms to reduce both dynamic and leakage power consumptions. These algorithms address leakage power consumption more than other existing algorithms since leakage power is considered more dominant in low-power multicore architectures. Both DCS and thermal-aware task allocation are utilized to avoid overheating and unnecessary leakage. This work was supported in part by the Department of Computer Science at the University of Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
Identifying Word Translations from Comparable Documents Without a Seed Lexicon

The extraction of dictionaries from parallel text corpora is an established technique. However, as parallel corpora are a scarce resource, in recent years the extraction of dictionaries using comparable corpora has obtained increasing attention. In order to find a mapping between languages, almost all approaches suggested in the literature rely on a seed lexicon. The work described here achieves competitive results without requiring such a seed lexicon. Instead it presupposes mappings between comparable documents in different languages. For some common types of textual resources (e.g. encyclopedias or newspaper texts) such mappings are either readily available or can be established relatively easily. The current work is based on Wikipedias where the mappings between languages are determined by the authors of the articles. We describe a neural-network inspired algorithm which first characterizes each Wikipedia article by a number of keywords, and then considers the identification of word translations as a variant of word alignment in a noisy environment. We present results and evaluations for eight language pairs involving Germanic, Romanic, and Slavic languages as well as Chinese.
Stable, Reliable, and Bit-Interleaving 12T SRAM for Space Applications: A Device Circuit Co-Design

Space applications demand highly stable and reliable SRAM circuits for secure and the uninterrupted operation. In this paper, we propose advanced FinFET and self-refreshing logic-based 12T SRAM cell (WWL12T). The dual-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate insulator and symmetric spacer are used to improve the reliability and performance of the FinFET. The outer side high-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${k}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> insulator reduces the charge trapping to the gate oxide and improves the ON current along with reduced short channel effects. WWL12T uses extra word line for bit interleaving aware design and a feedback circuit for stable space applications. In the read operation, the extra <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${P}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-type transistors are active according to the stored data bits and charge the storing nodes using bit-line voltages. The static noise margin and word line write margin of proposed WWL12T SRAM cell under worst case process variation and single charge trapping improve by 6.4% and 8.4%, respectively compared to existing 12T SRAM.
Error Correction Codes and Signal Processing in Flash Memory

This chapter is to introduce NAND flash channel model, error correction codes (ECC) and signal processing techniques in flash memory. There are several kinds of noise sources in flash memory, such as random-telegraph noise, retention process, inter-cell interference, background pattern noise, and read/program disturb, etc. Such noise sources reduce the storage reliability of flash memory significantly. The continuous bit cost reduction of flash memory devices mainly relies on aggressive technology scaling and multi-level per cell technique. These techniques, however, further deteriorate the storage reliability of flash memory. The typical storage reliability requirement is that non-recoverable bit error rate (BER) must be below 10-15. Such stringent BER requirement makes ECC techniques mandatory to guarantee storage reliability. There are specific requirements on ECC scheme in NOR and NAND flash memory. Since NOR flash is usually used as execute in place (XIP) memory where CPU fetches instructions directly from, the primary concern of ECC application in NOR flash is the decoding latency of ECC decoder, while code rate and error-correcting capability is more concerned in NAND flash. As a result, different ECC techniques are required in different types of flash memory. In this chapter, NAND flash channel is introduced first, and then application of ECC is discussed. Signal processing techniques for cancelling cell-to-cell interference in NAND flash are finally presented.
Program-Counter-Based Pattern Classification in Buffer Caching

Program-counter-based (PC-based) prediction techniques have been shown to be highly effective and are widely used in computer architecture design. In this paper, we explore the opportunity and viability of applying PC-based prediction to operating systems design, in particular, to optimize buffer caching. We propose a Program-Counterbased Classification (PCC) technique for use in pattern-based buffer caching that allows the operating system to correlate the I/O operations with the program context in which they are issued via the program counters of the call instructions that trigger the I/O requests. This correlation allows the operating system to classify I/O access pattern on a per-PC basis which achieves significantly better accuracy than previous per-file or per-application classification techniques. PCC also performs classification more quickly as per-PC pattern just needs to be learned once. We evaluate PCC via trace-driven simulations and an implementation in Linux, and compare it to UBM, a state-of-the-art pattern-based buffer replacement scheme. The performance improvements are substantial: the hit ratio improves by as much as 29.3% (with an average of 13.8%), and the execution time is reduced by as much as 29.0% (with an average of 13.7%).
Optical lumped element microwave kinetic inductance detectors

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors, or MKIDs, have proven to be a powerful cryogenic detector technology due to their sensitivity and the ease with which they can be multiplexed into large arrays. An MKID is an energy sensor based on a photon-variable superconducting inductance in a lithographed microresonator. It is capable of functioning as both a photon detector across the electromagnetic spectrum and a particle detector. We have recently demonstrated the world's first photon-counting, energy-resolving, ultraviolet, optical, and near infrared MKID focal plane array in the ARCONS camera at the Palomar 200" telescope. Optical Lumped Element (OLE) MKID arrays have significant advantages over semiconductor detectors such as charge coupled devices (CCDs). They can count individual photons with essentially no false counts and determine the energy (to a few percent) and arrival time (to ≈1μs) of every photon, with good quantum efficiency. Initial devices were degraded by substrate events from photons passing through the Titanium Nitride (TiN) material of the resonator and being absorbed in the substrate. Recent work has eliminated this issue, with a solution found to be increasing the thickness of the TiN resonator from 20 to 60 nm.
Exploration of User Separation Capabilities by Distributed Large Antenna Arrays

In this paper, we present a novel exploration of spatial separation of closely-located users by a massive MIMO system in line-of-sight (LoS) for both an anechoic chamber and an indoor corridor propagation environments. A distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) system powered by software defined radios (SDRs) has been used for the measurement campaign. For the user separation study, we first conduct an analysis with a spherical wave channel model for physically-large rectangular arrays. Preliminary simulation results show that a single antenna array achieves better user separation for users distributed on a line parallel to the array plane rather than when users are distributed on a line normal to the array. An intuitive idea is that, by splitting a collocated antenna array into two subarrays, additional diversity is created if the second sub-array is on a plane orthogonal to the first sub-array. Figures of merit such as the correlation coefficients, condition numbers and sum-rates of both centralized and distributed antenna arrays have been chosen to determine the impact of array split and positioning on user separation. Extensive measurements, performed on two 32-element antenna arrays of a massive MIMO testbed at 2.6GHz, show that an improvement of around 140% can be achieved in a poor scattered environment if distributed arrays are used instead of centralized ones.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have reported the feasibility of performing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning, although results in individual diseases are scarce, with no studies in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We sought to analyze the results of reduced intensity conditioning for allografts in adult patients with ALL. DESIGN AND METHODS We report the results of a reduced intensity conditioning regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 27 adult patients with high-risk ALL who were included in four prospective studies. RESULTS The median age was 50 years; 23 (85%) patients were beyond first complete remission, 44% were chemorefractory and 41% were Philadelphia chromosome positive. Donors were mismatched related donors or volunteer unrelated donors in 12 cases (44%). The incidence of grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 48%, and 13 of 18 evaluable patients (72%) developed chronic GVHD. Currently nine patients are alive, with a median follow-up of 809 days (range, 381-1375). The 2-year incidence of transplant-related mortality was 23% (95% CI, 11% to 46%), and the 2-year probability of overall survival was 31% (95% CI, 12 to 48%), while the 2-year incidence of disease progression was 49% (95% CI, 33% to 72%). The 2-year incidence of disease progression in patients with and without GVHD was 35% (95% CI, 19% to 57%) and 70% (95% CI, 47% to 100%), respectively (p=0.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study suggests that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning might be a useful therapeutic option for some patients with ALL who are ineligible for standard myeloablative conditioning. However, this treatment modality needs to be evaluated in prospective trials, and should not be employed outside clinical studies.
Sources of job satisfaction in intellectual disability services: A comparative analysis of experiences among human service professionals in schools, social services, and public health care in Sweden

ABSTRACT Background: The research aim of this study was to analyse aspects of job satisfaction in daily work with people with intellectual disability (ID) in schools, social services and health care. Method: With a comparative approach we collected data via a digital questionnaire with in total 333 respondents. The empirical material was analysed through a thematic content analysis. Results: The result showed that perceptions of job satisfaction could be differentiated into five typological categories: (1) the target group; (2) social rewards; (3) social relations; (4) professional core mission; and (5) results and outcomes. The findings also showed apparent differences in responses, both in terms of frequency and content, which seem to be associated with the respondents’ organisational affiliations. Conclusion: This study suggests that differences in experiences seem to be associated with work assignments, professional identities and organisational affiliation.
In the Mood to Click? Towards Inferring Receptiveness to Search Advertising

We present a method for modeling, and automaticallyinferring, the current interest of a user in searchadvertising. Our task is complementary to that of predictingad relevance or commercial intent of a query in the aggregate, since the user intent may vary significantly for the same query. To achieve this goal, we develop a fine-grained user interaction model for inferring searcher receptiveness to advertising. We show that modeling the search context and behavior can significantly improve the accuracy of ad clickthrough prediction for the current user, compared to the existing state-of-the-artclassification methods that do not model this additional session level contextual and interaction information. In particular, our experiments over thousands of search sessions from hundreds of real users demonstrate that our model is more effective at predicting ad clickthrough within the same search session. Our work has other potential applications, such as improving searchinterface design (e.g., varying the number or type of ads) based on user interest, and behavioral targeting (e.g., identifying users interested in immediate purchase).
The Concept of Meta‐Organization: Issues for Management Studies

In a seminal paper, Ahrne and Brunsson coined the word ‘meta-organization'. More than a label, this word describes a challenging and stimulating concept that can be valuable for management studies when approached with different units of analysis and research methodologies. ‘Meta-organization' refers to a central phenomenon in the contemporary world, namely the increasing importance of collective action at the level of organizations, ensuing from major issues related to sustainable development, human rights and corporate responsibility. The concept calls for new forms of theorizing of global collective action. The diversity and heterogeneity of meta-organizations raise methodological issues that require original approaches. In this paper, we show the novelty of the concept of metaorganization; we then address the methodological difficulties and propose a research agenda on meta-organizations for management studies.