Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aldynoglia cells and modulation of RhoGTPase activity as useful tools for spinal cord injury repair

A combined approach in spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy is the modulation of the cellular and molecular processes involved in glial scarring. Aldaynoglial cells are neural cell precursors with a high capacity to differentiate into neurons, promote axonal growth, wrapping and myelination of resident neurons. These important characteristics of aldaynoglia can be combined with specific inhibition of the RhoGTPase ac-tivity in astroglia and microglia that cause reduction of glial proliferation, retraction of glial cell processes and myelin production by oligodendrocytes. Previously we used experimental central nervous system (CNS) injury models, like spinal cord contusion and striatal lacunar infarction and observed that adminis-tration of RhoGTPase glycolipid inhibitor or aldaynoglial cells, respectively, produced a significant gain of functional recovery in treated animals. The combined therapy with neuro-regenerative properties strategy is highly desirable to treat SCI for functional potentiation of neurons and oligodendrocytes, resulting in better locomotor recovery. Here we suggest that treatment of spinal lesions with aldaynoglia from neu-rospheres plus local administration of a RhoGTPase inhibitor could have an additive effect and promote recovery from SCI.
Involvement of Protein Kinase D1 in Signal Transduction from the Protein Kinase C Pathway to the Tyrosine Kinase Pathway in Response to Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone*

Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays critical roles in the progression of sex hormone-dependent cancers. Results: Activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) by protein kinase C was necessary for activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway. Conclusion: PKD1 is involved in signal transduction in GnRH-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase. Significance: Modification of PKD1 activity may be a new strategy for a therapy of sex hormone-dependent cancers. The receptor for gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) belongs to the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and its stimulation activates extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK). We found that the transactivation of ErbB4 was involved in GnRH-induced ERK activation in immortalized GnRH neurons (GT1–7 cells). We found also that GnRH induced the cleavage of ErbB4. In the present study, we examined signal transduction for the activation of ERK and the cleavage of ErbB4 after GnRH treatment. Both ERK activation and ErbB4 cleavage were completely inhibited by YM-254890, an inhibitor of Gq/11 proteins. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) markedly decreased both ERK activation and ErbB4 cleavage. Experiments with two types of PKC inhibitors, Gö 6976 and bisindolylmaleimide I, indicated that novel PKC isoforms but not conventional PKC isoforms were involved in ERK activation and ErbB4 cleavage. Our experiments indicated that the novel PKC isoforms activated protein kinase D (PKD) after GnRH treatment. Knockdown and inhibitor experiments suggested that PKD1 stimulated the phosphorylation of Pyk2 by constitutively activated Src and Fyn for ERK activation. Taken together, it is highly possible that PKD1 plays a critical role in signal transduction from the PKC pathway to the tyrosine kinase pathway. Activation of the tyrosine kinase pathway may be involved in the progression of cancer.
The NCDR ACTION Registry–GWTG: transforming contemporary acute myocardial infarction clinical care

Aims The NCDR ACTION Registry-GWTG collects detailed in-hospital clinical, process-of-care and outcomes data for patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the USA. The registry is a national AMI surveillance system that contributes to the scientific enquiry process of AMI care through the facilitation of local and national quality improvement efforts. Interventions No treatments are mandated, participating centres receive routine quality-of-care and outcomes performance feedback reports and access to quality of care tools, such as dosing algorithms and standing orders. Population AMI patients are retrospectively identified. No informed consent is required, as data are anonymised. From January 2007 to date, 147 165 records have been submitted from 383 participating US hospitals. Patients with a primary diagnosis of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction are eligible for enrolment in the registry. These patients must have ischemic symptoms and electrocardiogram changes, and/or positive cardiac markers within 24 hours of initial presentation. Baseline data Approximately 350 fields encompassing patient demographics, medical history and risk factors, hospital presentation, initial cardiac status, medications and associated doses, reperfusion strategy, procedures, laboratory values, and outcomes. Data are manually entered by study personnel; there are non-financial incentives at the hospital level. Completeness within the registry is noteworthy with most fields at less than 5% missing. Endpoints Main outcome measures include American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association myocardial infarction performance indicators, as well as in-hospital patient outcomes. Data are available for research by application to: http://www.ncdr. com.
A Theory of Rate Coding Control by Intrinsic Plasticity Effects

Intrinsic plasticity (IP) is a ubiquitous activity-dependent process regulating neuronal excitability and a cellular correlate of behavioral learning and neuronal homeostasis. Because IP is induced rapidly and maintained long-term, it likely represents a major determinant of adaptive collective neuronal dynamics. However, assessing the exact impact of IP has remained elusive. Indeed, it is extremely difficult disentangling the complex non-linear interaction between IP effects, by which conductance changes alter neuronal activity, and IP rules, whereby activity modifies conductance via signaling pathways. Moreover, the two major IP effects on firing rate, threshold and gain modulation, remain unknown in their very mechanisms. Here, using extensive simulations and sensitivity analysis of Hodgkin-Huxley models, we show that threshold and gain modulation are accounted for by maximal conductance plasticity of conductance that situate in two separate domains of the parameter space corresponding to sub- and supra-threshold conductance (i.e. activating below or above the spike onset threshold potential). Analyzing equivalent integrate-and-fire models, we provide formal expressions of sensitivities relating to conductance parameters, unraveling unprecedented mechanisms governing IP effects. Our results generalize to the IP of other conductance parameters and allow strong inference for calcium-gated conductance, yielding a general picture that accounts for a large repertoire of experimental observations. The expressions we provide can be combined with IP rules in rate or spiking models, offering a general framework to systematically assess the computational consequences of IP of pharmacologically identified conductance with both fine grain description and mathematical tractability. We provide an example of such IP loop model addressing the important issue of the homeostatic regulation of spontaneous discharge. Because we do not formulate any assumptions on modification rules, the present theory is also relevant to other neural processes involving excitability changes, such as neuromodulation, development, aging and neural disorders.
Adapting FUJABA for Building a Meta Modelling Framework

The Real-Time Systems Lab performs research in the area forward engineering of automotive system software and reengineering of large industrial embedded systems in general. We need adequate CASE-tools to evaluate our approaches. These tools should be built on a shared meta modelling framework according to current standards (e.g. MOF 2.0, JMI, OCL, GXL). The FUJABA Tool Suite provides a substantial part of the required functionality (e.g. model editor, graph rewriting engine, Java code generator), but has to be adjusted to meet the standards. Currently, the necessary extensions can only be implemented by changing the FUJABA core, which is unsatisfactory. We would prefer to extract some FUJABA core functionality and distribute it over additional plug-ins. By doing so we could benefit from FUJABA for our meta modelling framework without compromising its present functionality.
Generic ILP versus specialized 0-1 ILP: an update

Optimized solvers for the Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) problem have many applications in areas such as hardware and software verification, FPGA routing, planning, etc. Further uses are complicated by the need to express "counting constraints" in conjunctive normal form (CNF). Expressing such constraints by pure CNF leads to more complex SAT instances. Alternatively, those constraints can be handled by Integer Linear Programming (ILP), but generic ILP solvers may ignore the Boolean nature of 0-1 variables. Therefore specialized 0-1 ILP solvers extend SAT solvers to handle these so-called "pseudo-Boolean" constraints. This work provides an update on the on-going competition between generic ILP techniques and specialized 0-1 ILP techniques. To make a fair comparison, we generalize recent ideas for fast SAT-solving to more general 0-1 ILP problems that may include counting constraints and optimization. Another aspect of our comparison is evaluation on 0-1 ILP benchmarks that originate in Electronic Design Automation (EDA), but that cannot be directly solved by a SAT solver. Specifically, we solve instances of the Max-SAT and Max-ONEs optimization problems which seek to maximize the number of satisfied clauses and the "true" values over all satisfying assignments, respectively. Those problems have straightforward applications to SAT-based routing and are additionally important due to reductions from Max-Cut, Max-Clique, and Min Vertex Cover. Our experimental results show that specialized 0-1 techniques tend to outperform generic ILP techniques on Boolean optimization problems as well as on general EDA SAT problems.
Image estimation of words based on adjective co-occurrences

In natural language, words convey various impressions such as “kurai (dark)-akarui (bright)” or “kitanai (dirty)-utsukushii (beautiful). ” Impressions play an important role in inferring the speaker’s intentions or feelings. Systems that use natural language to support conceptualization or retrieve information by teaching the computer the impressions of words are growing significantly. Therefore, in this paper, the authors propose a technique for estimating the impressions or images that words convey. The proposed technique consists of two processes: similarity measurement and spatial positioning. Similarity measurement uses the enormous amount of text on the Internet to obtain similarities by measuring the co-occurrence frequency of words. Co-occurrence conditions, which are limited to the joint co-occurrences of adjectives or adjectival nouns, are applied to image estimation. Spatial positioning positions words in space by quantifying the similarities that were obtained according to images. The authors used a simulation of an electrical circuit for quantification. The results of evaluation experiments verified that the proposed system could estimate the images of words with high precision. It was also apparent that the proposed system could estimate the images with sufficient precision even for words that were difficult to analyze because of the insufficient number of samples in an existing corpus, including new words and colloquial words or slang. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(12): 14–24, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20853
Developing material models for use in finite element predictions of residual stresses in ferritic steel welds

The level and distribution of residual stresses in welds arises from the complex thermo-mechanical history of heat flow and thermal expansion at very high temperatures. It is not possible to make assessments of these with the methods that are used to determine service stresses. Simulation techniques have been developed over many years making it increasingly possible to predict residual stresses. These models need accurate materials data including, where applicable, the effect of phase transformations. In nuclear reactor pressure vessel welds, it is necessary to consider welding as a metallurgical problem as well as a thermo-mechanical one and FE simulations of these require a wide range of material data in order to create suitable input parameters. It is crucial that models of ferritic steel welds simulate the effects of phase transformations because the different phases have different thermal expansion coefficients. Partly due to differences in thermal expansion coefficient attributed to the different phases, but more significantly because of the associated transformation strain and transformation plasticity. Further to this, predicting the distribution of the phase fractions enables structural simulations to account for the distribution of mechanical properties throughout a weld. In this work, a simplified approach to producing an empirical model to simulate phase transformations in SA-508 Gr3 pressure vessel steel is presented. A commercial finite element package is used to implement the model which calculates the volume fraction of bainite, martensite and austenite and the thermal strains that evolve over the thermal excursions. The results of these FE simulations are compared to experimental data. NOMENCLATURE AC1 Temperature at which austenite starts to form on heating ai Coefficient of thermal expansion in phase i k, n, k0, Q Material parameters used in JMAK model Ms Martensite start temperature R Universal gas constant
Anophthalmic Patients Treated with Eye Prosthesis at a Maxillofacial Unit in Jordan

Objective: To study the profile of anophthalmic patients regarding age, etiology gender, and the role of the ocular prosthesis in the psycho-social support of their wearers. Methods: A total of 920 Jordanian artificial eye wearers who registered for ocular prosthesis maintenance, repair or replacement attended prosthetic eye sector referral center (King Hussian Medical Hospital), during the period from August 2009 to July 2014 were surveyed. They were divided into three age groups; 331 patients (35.98 %) were 1-13 years old children, 128 patients (13.92 %) were 1420 years old adolescents and 461 patients (50.1 %) were 21 -75 years old adults and elderly. The group comprised 410 (38.91%) females and 510 (60.09%) males. A satisfaction questionnaire were completed by them or their close relatives using a simple Arabic language to elucidate their degree of satisfaction with several parameters including; appearance, comfort, fit, irritation, degree of selfconsciousness, frequency of cleaning, and value of treatment. The percentage and frequency of mucoid discharge associated with ocular prosthesis wear was also studied. Results: Accidents were the main cause of eye loss in children and pathological conditions were more prevalent among adolescent and adult groups. The ratio of males to females losing an eye from accidents was 2.4. The overall rate of satisfaction with ocular prostheses was 89.9%. The variables significantly correlated to patient satisfaction were other people's responses, and insertion of the orbital implant; 95% of the surveyed subjects claimed that the others couldn’t notice that they are wearing an artificial eye, 99.5 % said that the lost eye affects their social well-being and using the artificial eye improved the condition which was also enhanced by peg insertion or surgical insertion of an orbital mass. Discharge affected 95.4% of wearers - 75.5% of these on a daily basis and negatively affected patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Ocular prostheses play a significant role in psycho-social support and enhance treatment satisfaction of anophthalmic patients in Jordan. Mucoid discharge associated with wearing ocular prosthesis was prevalent and needs an evidence based treatment protocol. Further research into the cause and treatment of this condition is worthy and should be planned.
LED-ID Systems Applying the Modulation and Coding Selection Scheme Based on Received Angle

This paper proposed the Modulation and Coding Selection (MCS) scheme according to the received angle in LED-ID optical wireless system. If location of LED-ID receiver is different, the optical power of received signal is different due to the received angle in LED-ID system. Therefore, system performance varies as the receiving angle changes, affecting the stability of the whole system. In the implemented LED-ID transceiver with 400Mbps data rate, a combination of convolutional code and variety modulation order such as BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM is adaptively changed based on the received power according to received angle in the LED-ID channel. The proposed system can achieve improved throughput in comparison to those of conventional LED-ID systems, as well as a superior target bit error rate (BER).
Tracking Darkports for Network Defense

We exploit for defensive purposes the concept of darkports ­ the unused ports on active systems. We are particularly in- terested in such ports which transition to become active (i.e. become trans-darkports). Darkports are identified by pas- sively observing and characterizing the connectivity behav- ior of internal hosts in a network as they respond to both le- gitimate connection attempts and scanning attempts. Dark- ports can be used to detect sophisticated scanning activity, enable fine-grained automated defense against automated malware attacks, and detect real-time changes in a network that may indicate a successful compromise. We show, in a direct comparison with Snort, that darkports offer a better scanning detection capability with fewer false positives and negatives. Our results also show that the network awareness gained by the use of darkports enables active response op- tions to be safely focused exclusively on those systems that directly threaten the network.
Performance analysis of distributed embedded systems

input abstract event stream abstract resource stream performance component resource interface Figure 6: A simple performance network related to the example in Fig. 1 t ≥ 0. In a similar way, the resource streams are characterized using service functions βu(∆), βl(∆) ∈ R≥0, ∆ ∈ R≥0 provide upper and lower bounds on the available service in any time interval of length ∆. The unit of service depends on the kind of the shared resource, for example instructions (computation) or bytes (communication). Note that as defined above, the VCC’s ᾱu(∆) and ᾱl(∆) are expressed in terms of events (this is marked by a bar on their symbol), while the VCC’s βu(∆) and βl(∆) are expressed in terms of workload/service. A method to transform event-based VCC’s to workload/resource-based VCC’s and vice-versa is presented later in this chapter. All calculations and transformations presented here are valid both with only event-based or with only workload/resource-based VCC’s, but in this chapter mainly the event-based formulation is used. Figure 7 shows arrival curves that specify the basic classical models shown in Fig. 4. Note that in case of sporadic patterns, the lower arrival curves are 0. In a similar way, Figure 8 shows a service curve of a simple TDMA bus access with period T , bandwidth b and slot interval τ . Note that arrival curves can be approximated using linear approximations, i.e. a piecewise linear function. Moreover, there are of course finite representations of the arrival and service curves, for example by decomposing them into an irregular initial part and a periodic part. Where do we get the arrival and service functions from, e.g. those characterizing a processor (CPU in Fig. 6), or an abstract input (Sensor in
Expression of distinct RNAs from 3′ untranslated regions

The 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of eukaryotic genes regulate mRNA stability, localization and translation. Here, we present evidence that large numbers of 3′UTRs in human, mouse and fly are also expressed separately from the associated protein-coding sequences to which they are normally linked, likely by post-transcriptional cleavage. Analysis of CAGE (capped analysis of gene expression), SAGE (serial analysis of gene expression) and cDNA libraries, as well as microarray expression profiles, demonstrate that the independent expression of 3′UTRs is a regulated and conserved genome-wide phenomenon. We characterize the expression of several 3′UTR-derived RNAs (uaRNAs) in detail in mouse embryos, showing by in situ hybridization that these transcripts are expressed in a cell- and subcellular-specific manner. Our results suggest that 3′UTR sequences can function not only in cis to regulate protein expression, but also intrinsically and independently in trans, likely as noncoding RNAs, a conclusion supported by a number of previous genetic studies. Our findings suggest novel functions for 3′UTRs, as well as caution in the use of 3′UTR sequence probes to analyze gene expression.
Pseudopotential for many-electron atoms

Electron-electron correlation forms the basis of difficulties encountered in multi-electron systems. Accurate treatment of the correlation problem is likely to unravel some nice physical properties of matter embedded in this correlation. In an effort to tackle this multi-electron problem, two complementary parameter-free pseudopotentials for $n$-electron atoms are suggested in this study. Using one of the pseudopotentials, near-exact values of the groundstate ionization potentials of helium, lithium, and berrylium atoms have been calculated. The other pseudopotential also proves to be capable of yielding reasonable and reliable ionization potentials within the non-relativistic quantum mechanics framework.
Efficient search for association rules

This paper argues that for some applications direct search for association rules can be more e cient than the tw o stage process of the Apriori algorithm which rst nds large itemsets whic hare then used to iden tify associations. In particular, it is argued, Apriori can impose large computational overheads when the number of frequen titemsets is very large. This will often be the case when association rule analysis is performed on domains other than basket analysis or when it is performed for basket analysis with basket information augmented b y other customer information. An algorithm is presented that is computationally e cient for association rule analyses during which the n umber of rules to be found can be constrained and all data can be maintained in memory.
Model-driven test case construction by domain experts in the context of software system families

Bei der regelbasierten Replikationsstrategie RegRess erfolgt die Koordination der Schreib- und Lesezugriffe auf die Replikate mittels Replikationsregeln. Diese Regeln werden in der eigens entwickelten Regelsprache RRML formuliert, wobei fachliche und technische Anforderungen berucksichtigt werden konnen. Vor jedem Zugriff auf die Replikate wird eine Inferenz dieser Regeln durchgefuhrt, um die betroffenen Replikate zu bestimmen. Dadurch wird unterschiedlichstes Konsistenzverhalten von RegRess realisiert, insbesondere werden temporare Inkonsistenzen toleriert. Eine Regelmenge mit fur einen Anwendungsfall spezifizierten Regeln bildet die Konfiguration von RegRess. Weil in den Regeln Systemzustande berucksichtigt werden konnen, kann zur Laufzeit das Verhalten angepasst werden. Somit handelt es sich bei RegRess um eine konfigurierbare, adaptive Replikationsstrategie. Zur Realisierung von RegRess dient der Replikationsmanager KARMA, der einen Regelinterpreter fur die RRML beinhaltet.