Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncommon Value: The Investment Performance of Contrarian Funds

This paper studies the investment behavior and performance of contrarian mutual funds, as well as the performance of stocks widely held and traded by such funds over the 1994 to 2006 period. We define a “contrarian fund” as a fund that trades in a direction opposite to mutual fund “herds” more frequently than most funds. We find that contrarian funds tend to persist in trading against the herd over time, and that they outperform herding funds by more than 2.6% per year, both before and after fund expenses. We further find that a value-weighted portfolio of stocks widely held by contrarian funds (relative to herding funds) outperform stocks least held by contrarian funds over the following four quarters by more than 5%, based upon their characteristic-adjusted returns. Finally, we investigate whether contrarian funds outperform simply because they provide liquidity to herding funds, trade on return-predictive quantitative signals, or because they possess superior information on stock fundamentals. We find that although contrarian funds do profit from liquidity provision, at least part of their superior returns derives from their superior information, relative to herding funds—contrarian funds hold stocks with much greater improvement of profitability as compared to herding funds.
Reconstitution of the NF‐κB System in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Isolation of Effectors by Phenotype Modulation

NF‐κB is a ubiquitous transcription factor that contributes to the induction of many genes playing a central role in immune and inflammatory responses. The NF‐κB proteins are subject to multiple regulatory influences including post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation and proteolytic processing. A very important component of this regulation is the control of their subcellular localization: cytoplasmic retention of NF‐κB is achieved through interaction with IκB molecules. In response to extracellular signals, these molecules undergo degradation, NF‐κB translocates to the nucleus and activates its target genes.
Erfassung des frühkindlichen Temperaments mit dem Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised

Fragestellung: Zur Erfassung des kindlichen Temperaments wird international sehr haufig der Infant Behavior Questionnaire Revised (IBQ-R) von Gartstein und Rothbart (2003) eingesetzt. Ziel dieser Studie war die Uberprufung der psychometrischen Merkmale der deutschsprachigen Version im Sauglingsalter. Methodik: An einer Stichprobe von N = 119 Muttern mit Babys im Alter von 7–9 Monaten wurden Item- und Skalenkennwerte, interne Konsistenzen der 14 Skalen sowie die Faktorenstruktur ermittelt. Ergebnisse: Die Itemanalyse ergab heterogene Trennscharfen, die internen Konsistenzen der 14 Temperamentsskalen lagen im mittleren bis hohen Bereich. Die beiden Faktoren Surgency/Extraversion und negative Affektivitat konnten im Wesentlichen bestatigt werden, der Faktor Selbstregulation lies sich hingegen nicht replizieren. Abweichend vom amerikanischen Original ladt die Skala motorische Aktivitat auch auf dem Faktor negative Affektivitat. Die Skalen geringe Intensitat und Beruhigbarkeit des ursprunglichen Selbstregulati.
Survey of the Message Understanding Conferences

In this paper, the Message Understanding Conferences are reviewed, and the natural language system evaluation that is underway in preparation for the next conference is described. The role of the conferences in the evaluation of information extraction systems is assessed in terms of the purposes of three broad classes of evaluation: progress, adequacy, and diagnostic. The conferences have measured system performance primarily to assess progress and the state of the art, but they have also been influenced by the concerns associated with assessing adequacy and providing diagnostics. Challenges for the future of similar evaluations are also discussed.
Epidemiology of Childhood Fractures in Britain: A Study Using the General Practice Research Database

A population‐based British cohort study, including ∼6% of the population, was used to derive age‐ and sex‐specific incidence rates of fractures during childhood. Fractures were more common among boys than girls, with peak incidences at 14 and 11 years of age, respectively. At childhood peak, incidence rates were only surpassed later in life at 85 years of age among women and never among men.
Electrical Neuroimaging in the time domain

A publication entitled “A default mode of brain function” initiated a new way of looking at functional imaging data. In this PET study the authors discussed the often-observed consistent decrease of brain activation in a variety of tasks as compared with the baseline. They suggested that this deactivation is due to a task-induced suspension of a default mode of brain function that is active during rest, i.e. that there exists intrinsic well-organized brain activity during rest in several distinct brain regions. This suggestion led to a large number of imaging studies on the resting state of the brain and to the conclusion that the study of this intrinsic activity is crucial for understanding how the brain works. The fact that the brain is active during rest has been well known from a variety of EEG recordings for a very long time. Different states of the brain in the sleep–wake continuum are characterized by typical patterns of spontaneous oscillations in different frequency ranges and in different brain regions. Best studied are the evolving states during the different sleep stages, but characteristic EEG oscillation patterns have also been well described during awake periods (see Chapter 1 for details). A highly recommended comprehensive review on the brain's default state defined by oscillatory electrical brain activities is provided in the recent book by Gyorgy Buzsaki, showing how these states can be measured by electrophysiological procedures at the global brain level as well as at the local cellular level.
Professional Networks and the Institutionalization of a Single Mind Set

The personal networks and the attitudes toward clients of a unique set of bureaucratic professionals-corporate giving officers-are examined. Motivated by the finding that the corporate support of a nonprofit is a function of a firm's reputation among contributions professionals (Galaskiewicz, 1985), this paper examines the structure of these professionals' networks and tests to see if proximity results in two giving officers recognizing andlor thinking well of the same nonprofits in their community. Data were analyzedfrom a survey of 150 publicly-held business corporations in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. The more proximate two officers were in the network, the more likely they were to evaluate prospective donees in the same way. Professional associations had an indirect effect on how giving officers evaluated nonprofits in that actors who belonged to the same association were more proximate in the contact network. Highly professionalized contributions staff in different firms tended to recognize the same nonprofits in their task environment, independent of their proximity in the network. Finally, job status had an indirect effect on how staff evaluated nonprofits. Under conditions of environmental uncertainty, or when two officers were not members of the same professional association, job status influenced proximity in the network. Thus job status, professional associations, and proximity in the professional network each in its own way had some effect on the knowledge and evaluations of giving officers in our case study.
MR-MIL: Manifold Ranking Based Multiple-Instance Learning for Automatic Image Annotation

A novel automatic image annotation (AIA) scheme is proposed based on multiple-instance learning (MIL). For a given concept, manifold ranking (MR) is first employed to MIL (referred as MR-MIL) for effectively mining the positive instances (i.e. regions in images) embedded in the positive bags (i.e. images). With the mined positive instances, the semantic model of the concept is built by the probabilistic output of SVM classifier. The experimental results reveal that high annotation accuracy can be achieved at region-level.
Intensified therapy followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) versus conventional therapy as first‐line treatment of follicular lymphoma: a meta‐analysis

There are two different international standards for the treatment of follicular lymphoma (FL): intensified therapy followed by autologous stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT) and conventional therapy in the first‐line setting. However, their role remains unclear. Our aim was to define the treatment effect of intensified therapy followed by ASCT compared with conventional therapy as first‐line treatment of patients with FL in terms of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). We searched for randomised controlled trials in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and the Science Citation Index (1985 to June 2011). Effect measures used were hazard ratios (HR) for OS, EFS and secondary tumour rate. Two independent review authors extracted data and assessed quality of trials. Four trials were identified, covering a total of 941 subjects. The random‐effects summary HR by comparing the treatment effect on OS between intensified and conventional therapy was 0.95 [0.70, 1.30] (p = 0.75), indicating that no additional survival benefit was derived from the intensified therapy followed by ASCT. A significant benefit of intensified therapy followed by ASCT as first‐line treatment was detected in terms of EFS: the random‐effects summary HR (intensified versus conventional therapy) was 0.59 [0.44, 0.79] (p < 0.001). This meta‐analysis showed that despite its superior EFS, intensified therapy followed by ASCT does not improve the OS compared with conventional therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new Plasmodium vivax reference sequence with improved assembly of the subtelomeres reveals an abundance of pir genes

Plasmodium vivax is now the predominant cause of malaria in the Asia-Pacific, South America and Horn of Africa. Laboratory studies of this species are constrained by the inability to maintain the parasite in continuous ex vivo culture, but genomic approaches provide an alternative and complementary avenue to investigate the parasite’s biology and epidemiology. To date, molecular studies of P. vivax have relied on the Salvador-I reference genome sequence, derived from a monkey-adapted strain from South America. However, the Salvador-I reference remains highly fragmented with over 2500 unassembled scaffolds. Using high-depth Illumina sequence data, we assembled and annotated a new reference sequence, PvP01, sourced directly from a patient from Papua Indonesia. Draft assemblies of isolates from China (PvC01) and Thailand (PvT01) were also prepared for comparative purposes. The quality of the PvP01 assembly is improved greatly over Salvador-I, with fragmentation reduced to 226 scaffolds. Detailed manual curation has ensured highly comprehensive annotation, with functions attributed to 58% core genes in PvP01 versus 38% in Salvador-I. The assemblies of PvP01, PvC01 and PvT01 are larger than that of Salvador-I (28-30 versus 27 Mb), owing to improved assembly of the subtelomeres. An extensive repertoire of over 1200 Plasmodium interspersed repeat ( pir) genes were identified in PvP01 compared to 346 in Salvador-I, suggesting a vital role in parasite survival or development. The manually curated PvP01 reference and PvC01 and PvT01 draft assemblies are important new resources to study vivax malaria. PvP01 is maintained at GeneDB and ongoing curation will ensure continual improvements in assembly and annotation quality.
“What” and “Where” in Auditory Sensory Processing: A High-Density Electrical Mapping Study of Distinct Neural Processes Underlying Sound Object Recognition and Sound Localization

Functionally distinct dorsal and ventral auditory pathways for sound localization (WHERE) and sound object recognition (WHAT) have been described in non-human primates. A handful of studies have explored differential processing within these streams in humans, with highly inconsistent findings. Stimuli employed have included simple tones, noise bursts, and speech sounds, with simulated left–right spatial manipulations, and in some cases participants were not required to actively discriminate the stimuli. Our contention is that these paradigms were not well suited to dissociating processing within the two streams. Our aim here was to determine how early in processing we could find evidence for dissociable pathways using better titrated WHAT and WHERE task conditions. The use of more compelling tasks should allow us to amplify differential processing within the dorsal and ventral pathways. We employed high-density electrical mapping using a relatively large and environmentally realistic stimulus set (seven animal calls) delivered from seven free-field spatial locations; with stimulus configuration identical across the “WHERE” and “WHAT” tasks. Topographic analysis revealed distinct dorsal and ventral auditory processing networks during the WHERE and WHAT tasks with the earliest point of divergence seen during the N1 component of the auditory evoked response, beginning at approximately 100 ms. While this difference occurred during the N1 timeframe, it was not a simple modulation of N1 amplitude as it displayed a wholly different topographic distribution to that of the N1. Global dissimilarity measures using topographic modulation analysis confirmed that this difference between tasks was driven by a shift in the underlying generator configuration. Minimum-norm source reconstruction revealed distinct activations that corresponded well with activity within putative dorsal and ventral auditory structures.
Serial levels of serum organochlorines during pregnancy and postpartum.

In utero exposure to dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene and polychlorinated biphenyls, within the range found in the general U.S. population, may produce detectable effects in offspring. To design studies of the effects of in utero organochlorine exposure, we obtained data on the relationship between gestational and perinatal maternal levels in females on several occasions. We studied 67 pregnant women in the United States who agreed to have their blood drawn once during each trimester and once postpartum. We examined the Pearson correlation coefficient between the natural logarithm of levels (microg/g serum lipid). The correlation, r, among levels in the first and third trimester was . 86 and . 77 for dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene and for polychlorinated biphenyls. Correlations among levels determined at other times (i.e., second trimester and postpartum) were similar. On the basis of these results, we suggest that in studies of the effects of in utero or perinatal exposure to the aforementioned compounds, the time when specimens are collected is not critical.
Comparative Analysis of the Performance of CRF , HMM and MaxEnt for Part-of-Speech Tagging , Chunking and Named Entity Recognition for a Morphologically rich language

In this paper, we present a comparative analysis between three methods for statistical part-of-speech(POS) tagging, chunking and named entity recognition(NER) for a morphologically rich language, Hindi, using a large annotated corpus. The methods explored are Conditional Random Fields(CRF), Hidden Markov Models(HMM) and Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt). We further propose an iterative approach as a method to improve the results. To the best of our knowledge, there is no previous work on comparative analysis of statistical POS tagging, chunking and NER in Hindi using the three methods when a large manually annotated corpus is used. The maximum POS tagging, chunking and NER accuracies for CRF, HMM and MaxEnt achieved are (94.00%, 91.70%, 56.03%), (92.96%, 89.23%, 48.21%) and (92.88%, 85.48%, 49.09%) respectively. Our work shows that CRF performs consistently better than HMM and MaxEnt for all of the three abovementioned tasks.
Planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal walking in the Japanese macaque

We investigated the planar covariation of lower limb segment elevation angles during bipedal walking in macaques to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the origin and evolution of the planar law in human walking. Two Japanese macaques and four adult humans walking on a treadmill were recorded, and the time course of the elevation angles at the thigh, shank and foot segments relative to the vertical axis were calculated. Our analyses indicated that the planar law also applies to macaque bipedal walking. However, planarity was much lower in macaques, and orientations of the plane differed between the two species because of differences in the foot elevation angle. The human foot is rigidly structured to form a longitudinal arch, whereas the macaque's foot is more flexible and bends at the midtarsal region in the stance phase. This difference in midfoot flexibility between the two species studied was the main source of the difference in the planar law. Thus, the evolution of a stable midfoot in early hominins may have preceded the acquisition of the strong planar intersegmental coordination and possibly facilitated the subsequent emergence of habitual bipedal walking in the human lineage.
Blockwise HMM computation for large-scale population genomic inference

MOTIVATION A promising class of methods for large-scale population genomic inference use the conditional sampling distribution (CSD), which approximates the probability of sampling an individual with a particular DNA sequence, given that a collection of sequences from the population has already been observed. The CSD has a wide range of applications, including imputing missing sequence data, estimating recombination rates, inferring human colonization history and identifying tracts of distinct ancestry in admixed populations. Most well-used CSDs are based on hidden Markov models (HMMs). Although computationally efficient in principle, methods resulting from the common implementation of the relevant HMM techniques remain intractable for large genomic datasets. RESULTS To address this issue, a set of algorithmic improvements for performing the exact HMM computation is introduced here, by exploiting the particular structure of the CSD and typical characteristics of genomic data. It is empirically demonstrated that these improvements result in a speedup of several orders of magnitude for large datasets and that the speedup continues to increase with the number of sequences. The optimized algorithms can be adopted in methods for various applications, including the ones mentioned above and make previously impracticable analyses possible. AVAILABILITY Software available upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. CONTACT yss@eecs.berkeley. edu.
Coping with separation: Chinese seafarer-partners in cyberspace

This thesis examines a group of Chinese seafarer-partners' participation in a discussion website called Home of Chinese Seafarers. Specifically, it investigates the ways and extent to which participation in the site serves to ameliorate problems associated with separation and loneliness for seafarers-partners caused by the seafarers work patterns. The study utilised qualitative research methods. Online participant observation was conducted for a period in excess of two years and face to face and email interviews were carried out with seafarer-partner participants and the website managers. Web-based content from the site was also recorded and analysed. In analysing the data three central themes were developed: forms of participation, the production of friendship and the potential effect of participation upon the self. The findings suggest that participation in this particular website enables seafarer-partners to pool their available resources to provide each other with informational help, emotional support, and differing degrees of friendship. With these resources it appears that they are better equipped to combat the loneliness and isolation experienced as a result of their partners repeated prolonged absences. Their participation in the site also helps them to make sense of and validate their experiences and to gain a sense of security and certainty. As a result, seafarer-partners become more positive towards their lives and future, and make claims for improved well-being. The analysis of the data further reveals that seafarer-partners produce and reproduce a set of group norms and values within the website which promote understanding, supportive and self-sacrificing seafarers' wives/partners. This raises the issue of whether participating in the website is repressive or can be regarded as empowering.
Design of Heterogeneous On-Chip Networks: An Application Driven Approach

An on-chip interconnect is a critical shared resource that affects the performance-energy envelope of an entire multicore system. This aspect has led to a plethora of proposals in recent years for efficiently architecting the NoC substrate. However, most of these designs are agnostic to the actual application requirements in that they attempt to optimize a generic set of objective functions such as latency and throughput and/or energy/power. In this paper, we show that not all applications demand similar resources from the underlying interconnection substrate. Consequently, an alternative approach to design an NoC is to utilize multiple networks, each of which is specialized for common application requirements, and dynamically steer requests of an application to the network that matches the application’s requirements. To this end, we start with a top-down approach by analyzing the communication requirements of several applications. Our key observation is that, although applications, in general, can be classified as either network bandwidth sensitive or latency sensitive, not all bandwidth (latency) sensitive applications are equally sensitive to bandwidth (latency). Thus, we propose a novel set of metrics that can dynamically classify applications as either bandwidth or latency sensitive to steer them into appropriate networks. We propose two separate heterogeneous networks in the on-chip interconnection substrate, where one network is tailored to optimize for bandwidth sensitive applications and the second network for latency sensitive applications. Within each sub-network, we prioritize applications based on their criticality of network resource demand. Simulations with different designs of a 64-core 2D mesh architecture demonstrate that our heterogeneous network architecture is 5%/3% better in weighted/instruction throughput, while consuming 47% lower energy compared to an iso-resource single network.