Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Neural Mechanism in Second Language Learning

This paper sums up the existing studies on the neural features of second language (L2) from the perspective of learning experience. After combing and analyzing the cognitive neural mechanism of L2 learning, it is concluded that: [1] L2 learners rely on the neural network of the native language (L1) to learn and process L2; [2] The L2 proficiency is positively correlated with the use of L1 neural network in the processing of L2; [3] L2 is learned through its interaction with L1. In future, modern cognitive neuroscience techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event-related potential (ERP) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) should be applied more frequently to discuss the cognitive neural mechanism of L2 learning in natural and lab environments. This research sheds new light on the promotion of L2 learning. Second language (L2) refers to a language that is not the native language (L1) of the speaker, but that is used in the locale of that person.
Selective Transcriptional Profiling and Data Analysis Strategies for Expression Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping in Outbred F2 Populations

Genetic analysis of transcriptional profiling experiments is emerging as a promising approach for unraveling genes and pathways that underlie variation of complex biological traits. However, these genetical genomics approaches are currently limited by the high cost of microarrays. We studied five different strategies to optimally select subsets of individuals for transcriptional profiling, including (1) maximizing genetic dissimilarity between selected individuals, (2) maximizing the number of recombination events in selected individuals, (3) selecting phenotypic extremes within inferred genotypes of a previously identified quantitative trait locus (QTL), (4) purely random selection, and (5) profiling animals with the highest and lowest phenotypic values within each family–gender subclass. A simulation study was conducted on the basis of a linkage map and marker genotypes were derived from data on chromosome 6 for 510 F2 animals from an existing pig resource population and on a simulated biallelic QTL with pleiotropic effects on performance and gene expression traits. Bivariate analyses were conducted for selected subset sample sizes of 80, 160, and 240 individuals under three different correlation scenarios between the two traits. The genetic dissimilarity and phenotypic extremes within genotype methods had the smallest mean square error on QTL effects and maximum sensitivity on QTL detection, thereby outperforming all other selection strategies, particularly at the smallest proportion of samples selected for gene expression profiling (80/510).
Modeling Techniques for Virtual Acoustics

Author Lauri Savioja Title Modeling Techniques for Virtual Acoustics The goal of this research has been the creation of convincing virtual acoustic environments. This consists of three separate modeling tasks: the modeling of the sound source, the room acoustics, and the listener. In this thesis the main emphasis is on room acoustics and sound synthesis. Room acoustic modeling techniques can be divided into wave-based, ray-based, and statistical methods. Accurate modeling for the whole frequency range of human hearing requires a combination of various techniques, e.g., a wave-based model employed at low frequencies and a raybased model applied at high frequencies. An overview of these principles is given. Real-time modeling has special requirements in terms of computational efficiency. In this thesis, a new real-time auralization system is presented. A time-domain hybrid method was selected and applied to the room acoustic model. Direct sound and early reflections are computed by the imagesource method. They are individually auralized, i.e., rendered audible with the addition of late reverberation, generated with a recursive digital filter structure. The novelties of the system include implementation of a realtime image-source method, parametrization of auralization, and update rules and interpolation of auralization parameters. The applied interpolation enables interactive movement of the listener and the sound source in the virtual environment. In this thesis, a specific wave-based method, the digital waveguide mesh, is discussed in detail. The original method was developed for the twodimensional case, which suits, e.g., simulation of vibrating plates and membranes. In this thesis, the algorithm is generalized for the N -dimensional case. In particular, the new three-dimensional mesh is interesting since it is suitable for room acoustic modeling. The original algorithm suffers from direction-dependent dispersion. Two improvements to the original algorithm are introduced. Firstly, a new interpolated rectangular mesh is introduced. It can be used to obtain wave propagation characteristics, which are nearly independent of the wave propagation direction. Various new interpolation strategies for the two-dimensional structure are presented. For the three-dimensional structure a linearly interpolated structure is shown. Both the interpolated mesh, and the triangular mesh, have dispersive characteristics. Secondly, a frequency-warping technique which can be used to enhance the frequency accuracy of simulations, is illustrated. UDK 534.84, 681.327. 12, 621.39
SeqVista – a graphical tool for sequence feature visualization and comparison Term paper TARTU 2005

• BLAST – Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (an algorithm for comparing biological sequences, such as the amino-acid sequences of different proteins or the DNA sequences*) • cDNA – complementary DNA (DNA synthesized from a mature mRNA template*) • EST – expressed sequence tag (short sub-sequence of a transcribed protein-coding or non-protein coding DNA sequence*) • FASTA – " FAST-All " (sequence alignment package*[1]) • HTML – HyperText Markup Language (a markup language designed for the creation of web pages*) • mRNA – messenger RNA (RNA that encodes and carries information from DNA to sites of protein synthesis*) • RSAT – Regulatory Sequence Analysis Tools [2] • SOAP – Simple Object Access Protocol (protocol for exchanging XML-based messages over a computer network, normally using HTTP *) • SNP – Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (DNA sequence variation, occurring when a single nucleotidein the genome is altered*) • TF – Transcription Factor (protein that binds DNA at a specific promoter or enhancer region or site, where it regulates transcription*)
Trace-based Automatic Padding for Locality Improvement with Correlative Data Visualization Interface

An important goal for most programs from scientific or engineering computing is to reduce the execution time as far as possible. The programs refer to user data in problem specific access patterns. For regular applications, it can be expected that repeated program executions exhibit a similar memory access pattern. Many data intensive applications benefit from a high memory bandwidth which, on modern architectures, is supported by a multi-level cache hierarchy. The efficiency of caching depends strongly on temporal or spatial reuse, thus, potential conflicts should be avoided.
TrmBL2 from Pyrococcus furiosus Interacts Both with Double-Stranded and Single-Stranded DNA

In many hyperthermophilic archaea the DNA binding protein TrmBL2 or one of its homologues is abundantly expressed. TrmBL2 is thought to play a significant role in modulating the chromatin architecture in combination with the archaeal histone proteins and Alba. However, its precise physiological role is poorly understood. It has been previously shown that upon binding TrmBL2 covers double-stranded DNA, which leads to the formation of a thick and fibrous filament. Here we investigated the filament formation process as well as the stabilization of DNA by TrmBL2 from Pyroccocus furiosus in detail. We used magnetic tweezers that allow to monitor changes of the DNA mechanical properties upon TrmBL2 binding on the single-molecule level. Extended filaments formed in a cooperative manner and were considerably stiffer than bare double-stranded DNA. Unlike Alba, TrmBL2 did not form DNA cross-bridges. The protein was found to bind double- and single-stranded DNA with similar affinities. In mechanical disruption experiments of DNA hairpins this led to stabilization of both, the double- (before disruption) and the single-stranded (after disruption) DNA forms. Combined, these findings suggest that the biological function of TrmBL2 is not limited to modulating genome architecture and acting as a global repressor but that the protein acts additionally as a stabilizer of DNA secondary structure.
Fatigue in COPD: association with functional status and hospitalisations

This study aimed to examine the importance of fatigue as a clinical indicator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by analysing its relationship with COPD severity and ability to predict risk of hospitalisation, and by comparing the intensity of fatigue in stable COPD patients with levels of fatigue reported by patients with other chronic conditions. We studied 100 consecutive patients attending assessment clinics before pulmonary rehabilitation. Both questionnaire and physiological data were collected. Partial correlations, multiple linear regressions and Cox proportional hazard models/negative binomial regressions were used to address the research questions. A significant relationship existed between fatigue and COPD severity. Fatigue reports predicted future hospitalisation risk. Compared to the lowest third of patients, the third of patients reporting the most intense fatigue showed a 10-fold increase in risk of hospitalisation (fatigue experiences hazard ratio (HR) 10.2, 95% CI 2.66–38.86; fatigue impacts HR 10.7, 95% CI 2.76–41.65). Our COPD sample reported fatigue scores of similar intensity to colorectal cancer patients and HIV-positive patients. While fatigue is significantly related to COPD functional severity, fatigue data also capture independent information. Fatigue reports can contribute to predictions of hospitalisation risk.
An Overview of the NetWare Operating System

The NetWare operating system is designed specifically to provide service to clients over a computer network. This design has resulted in a system that differs in several respects from more general-purpose operating systems. In addition to highlighting the design decisions that have led to these differences, this paper provides an overview of the NetWare operating system, with a detailed description of its kernel and its software-based approach to fault tolerance.
Motion Control in CMUnited-98

All robotic systems require some form of motion control in order to build interesting behaviors. This is even more essential for multi-agent, highly-dynamic environments, such as robotic soccer. We present the motion control system used by CMUnited-98, the small-size league champion at RoboCup ’98. We present the details of our motion vcontrol algorithm, and describe how its features help to build interesting and robust behaviors. We will also briefly compare our system to other motion control techniques.
(Re)negotiating realities : gender- and age-related factors associated wtih older trauma survivors' disclosure and help-seeking

Despite the long-term aftereffects of childhood trauma, very few older trauma survivors disclose their traumatic experiences or seek help for their trauma-related problems. If they do disclose or seek help, they tend to talk to family or friends or seek help for only physical problems associated with their trauma. In light of this, the present qualitative study sought to understand what particular factors affected older trauma survivors’ willingness to disclose their trauma or seek-help for their trauma-related problems. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 women and 8 men ranging in age from 61 to 83 years old (M age = 70). These participants experienced a range of childhood traumas, including sexual abuse, physical abuse, neglect, warfare and internment in a concentration camp during World War II. The grounded theory analysis revealed that negative disclosure experiences (i.e., when the participants’ trauma and its effects were not acknowledged or believed) served to exacerbate feelings of shame and fear that persisted throughout the participants’ lives. That is, participants who felt that they could acknowledge their past (either because it was okay to talk about it or because their disclosure was believed) were less likely to need therapy and faring well psychologically in their later years. However, for participants who had their disclosures suppressed, rebuked or disbelieved, the feelings associated with those reactions became deeply ingrained in their understanding of their trauma as well as their “perceived” role in their traumatic experiences (i.e., feeling somehow responsible for the traumatic experience or as “damaged goods”). As a consequence, they continued to deal with the psychological and physical effects of their earlier trauma well into their later years. The discourse analysis revealed a number of genderand age-related discourses in participants’ discussions during the interviews, discourses that had important implications for how participants understood their traumatic experiences and the likelihood that they would disclose these experiences to others. Implications for research and practice are discussed, particularly with regard to working with older trauma survivors and supporting their disclosure and help-seeking.
A Randomization Approach to Mining Sequential Pattern with Privacy Preserving

Data mining is to discover previously unknown, potentially useful and nontrivial knowledge, patterns or rules. Because databases may have some sensitive information that should not to be leaked out, we should study how to make data mining without leaking sensitive information, i.e., privacy-preserving data mining. We propose a randomization approach for privacy-preserving mining of sequential patterns in this paper.
10 Hz rTMS over right parietal cortex alters sense of agency during self-controlled movements

A large body of fMRI and lesion-literature has provided evidence that the Inferior Parietal Cortex (IPC) is important for sensorimotor integration and sense of agency (SoA). We used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to explore the role of the IPC during a validated SoA detection task. 12 healthy, right-handed adults were included. The effects of rTMS on subjects' SoA during self-controlled movements were explored. The experiment consisted of 1/3 self-controlled movements and 2/3 computer manipulated movements that introduced uncertainty as to whether the subjects were agents of an observed movement. Subjects completed three sessions, in which subjects received online rTMS over the right IPC (active condition), over the vertex (CZ) (sham condition) or no TMS but a sound-matched control. We found that rTMS over right IPC significantly altered SoA of the non-perturbed movements. Following IPC stimulation subjects were more likely to experience self-controlled movements as being externally perturbed compared to the control site (P = 0.002) and the stimulation-free control (P = 0.042). The data support the importance of IPC activation during sensorimotor comparison in order to correctly determine the agent of movements.
CBSRP: Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocol

Cluster Based Secure Routing Protocol (CBSRP) is a MANET routing protocol that ensures secure key management and communication between mobile nodes. It uses Digital Signature and One Way Hashing technique for secure communication. According to CBSRP, it forms a group of small clusters consist of 4-5 nodes and after that the communication takes place between mobile nodes. Inside a cluster, there is always a cluster node or cluster head. The cluster head inside the cluster is not permanent as other nodes stay in the queue and based on the priority new cluster node or cluster head is elected from rest of the node. Inside a cluster, mobile nodes are authenticated using One Way Hashing concept and Digital Signature is not necessary inside cluster communication. For Cluster-Cluster authentication we proposed to use Digital Signature. CBSRP ensures secure communication which will be energy efficient as we segmented the whole network into small set of clusters.
HSPT: Practical Implementation and Efficient Management of Embedded Shadow Page Tables for Cross-ISA System Virtual Machines

Cross-ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) system-level virtual machine has a significant research and practical value. For example, several recently announced virtual smart phones for iOS which run smart phone applications on x86 based PCs are deployed on cross-ISA system level virtual machines. Also, for mobile device application development, by emulating the Android/ARM environment on the more powerful x86-64 platform, application development and debugging become more convenient and productive. However, the virtualization layer often incurs high performance overhead. The key overhead comes from memory virtualization where a guest virtual address (GVA) must go through multi-level address translation to become a host physical address (HPA). The Embedded Shadow Page Table (ESPT) approach has been proposed to effectively decrease this address translation cost. ESPT directly maps GVA to HPA, thus avoid the lengthy guest virtual to guest physical, guest physical to host virtual, and host virtual to host physical address translation. However, the original ESPT work has a few drawbacks. For example, its implementation relies on a loadable kernel module (LKM) to manage the shadow page table. Using LKMs is less desirable for system virtual machines due to portability, security and maintainability concerns. Our work proposes a different, yet more practical, implementation to address the shortcomings. Instead of relying on using LKMs, our approach adopts a shared memory mapping scheme to maintain the shadow page table (SPT) using only ''mmap'' system call. Furthermore, this work studies the support of SPT for multi-processing in greater details. It devices three different SPT organizations and evaluates their strength and weakness with standard and real Android applications on the system virtual machine which emulates the Android/ARM platform on x86-64 systems.
Author ' s personal copy Auctions and iMesh based task assignment in wireless sensor and actuator networks

In this article, auctions are used to improve the recent information mesh (iMesh) based distance sensitive service discovery in the wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs), thus improving overall energy efficiency and lifetime of the network. An event that needs a single actuator response is sensed by one of the sensors, which then performs the search for the closest actuator to respond by means of the iMesh cross-lookup. The basic iMesh protocol is reported to have 95% efficiency in finding the closest service. We confirmed that result, and improved the efficiency by using the localized auction aggregation protocol (k-SAAP). The actuator found by the iMesh lookup starts the auction to find if there is a closer actuator among the actuator neighbors up to k-hops away. In our simulations, we consider scenarios where the sensors are placed in a rectangular grid, while the actuators form a connected network, or have a random distribution. Simulation results show that introducing auctions gained average efficiency improvement of 4.3% compared to the basic iMesh, which brings us to 99.3% closest service hit rate. In other words, the closest service miss rate was reduced from 5% to about 0.7%, which is significant 86% reduction. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Production Planning in the Final Assembly of an Automotive Plant

The turnaround in the reception of automobiles carried out by the consumers has forced the automotive OEMs to broaden the number of variants. So e.g. BMW produces thousands of variants out of nine models with about 10 variants theoretically available (cf. Meyr (2004)). These possibilities can only be provided by installing a flexible manufacturing system, which is surveyed e.g. in Browne et al. (1984) and Sethi and Sethi (1990). We annotate that for the automotive industry two types of flexibility are mainly relevant, namely product flexibility (cf. e.g. Slack (1987)) and volume flexibility (cf. e.g. Khouja (1998), Jack and Raturi (2002), Askar et al. (2007)). Installing an adequate product flexibility and adjustment screws for the volume flexibility with respect to the given demands’ forecast is a task of the strategic production planning level (cf. e.g. Henrich (2002)). Our approach is located on the tactical level and utilizes the given flexibility instruments.
Gamma-ray emission from massive young stellar objects

Context. Massive stars form in dense and massive molecular cores. The exact formation mechanism is unclear, but it is possible that some massive stars are formed by processes similar to those that produce the low-mass stars, with accretion/ejection phenomena occurring at some point of the evolution of the protostar. This picture seems to be supported by the detection of a collimated stellar wind emanating from the massive protostar IRAS 16547 4247. A triple radio source is associated with the protostar: a compact core and two radio lobes. The emission of the southern lobe is clearly non-thermal. Such emission is interpreted as synchrotron radiation produced by relativistic electrons locally accelerated at the termination point of a thermal jet. Since the ambient medium is determined by the properties of the molecular cloud in which the whole system is embedded, we can expect high densities of particles and infrared photons. Because of the confirmed presence of relativistic electrons, inverse Compton and relativistic Bremsstrahlung interactions are unavoidable. Aims. We aim at making quantitative predictions of the spectral energy distribution of the non-thermal spots generated by massive young stellar objects, with emphasis on the particular case of IRAS 16547 4247. Methods. We study the high-energy emission generated by the relativistic electrons that produce the non-thermal radio source in IRAS 16547 4247. We also study the result of proton acceleration at the terminal shock of the thermal jet and make estimates of the secondary gamma-rays and electron-positron pairs produced by pion decay. Results. We present spectral energy distributions for the southern lobe of IRAS 16547 4247, for a variety of conditions. We show that high-energy emission might be detectable from this object in the gamma-ray domain. The source may also be detectable at X-rays through long exposures with current X-ray instruments. Conclusions. Gamma-ray telescopes like GLAST, and even ground-based Cherenkov arrays of new generation can be used to study non-thermal processes occurring during the formation of massive stars.