Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chromosome map of the thermophilic archaebacterium Thermococcus celer

A physical map for the chromosome of the thermophilic archaebacterium Thermococcus celer Vu13 has been constructed. Thirty-four restriction endonucleases were tested for their ability to generate large restriction fragments from the chromosome of T. celer. Of these, the enzymes NheI, SpeI, and XbaI yielded the fewest fragments when analyzed by pulsed-field electrophoresis. NheI and SpeI each gave 5 fragments, while XbaI gave 12. The size of the T. celer chromosome was determined from the sum of the apparent sizes of restriction fragments derived from single and double digests by using these enzymes and was found to be 1,890 +/- 27 kilobase pairs. Partial and complete digests allowed the order of all but three small (less than 15 kilobase pairs) fragments to be deduced. These three fragments were assigned positions by using hybridization probes derived from these restriction fragments. The positions of the other fragments were confirmed by using hybridization probes derived in the same manner. The positions of the 5S, 16S, and 23S rRNA genes as well as the 7S RNA gene were located on this map by using cloned portions of these genes as hybridization probes. The 5S rRNA gene was localized 48 to 196 kilobases from the 5' end of the 16S gene. The 7S RNA gene was localized 190 to 504 kilobases from the 3' end of the 23S gene. These analyses demonstrated that the chromosome of T. celer is a single, circular DNA molecule. This is the first such demonstration of the structure of an archaebacterial chromosome.
Multi-User Scheduling of the Full-Duplex Enabled Two-Way Relay Systems

In this paper, we address the multi-user scheduling problem of the multi-user two-way full-duplex (FD) decode-and-forward relay system. According to the availability of the channel state information (CSI) and system state information (SSI), three scheduling schemes are investigated in terms of the system outage performance. Specifically, for the non-CSI case, we analyze the random scheduling scheme, which serves as a baseline for comparison. For the full CSI case, we propose the Max–Min scheduling scheme, which is theoretically proved to be sub-optimal in the low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) regime but optimal in the high SINR regime. To minimize the outage probability, we propose the optimal scheduling scheme, which involves the full SSI. In addition, the exact closed-form outage probability expressions corresponding to different schemes are derived under the general independent but not identically distributed channels. The residual self-interference incurred by the FD mode is taken into account. Moreover, independent and identically distributed channels are also considered as special cases. Finally, numerical simulations are performed to corroborate the theoretical results. The results reveal that the Max–Min scheduling and optimal scheduling schemes significantly improve the outage performance compared with the random scheduling scheme.
Overcoming Perceived Barriers to Employment Among People with Arthritis

Work disability is a major problem for people with arthritis. The INTO WORK Personal Development (IWPD) programme aims to prevent work disability by addressing the internal and external barriers faced by people with arthritis seeking to fulfil their employment potential. The effectiveness of the programme was examined in a pretest–post-test study with an intervention group (n = 37) and a comparison control group (n = 42). Data were collected through self-administered questionnaires and focus groups. Significant decreases on anxiety (p = .0002), depression (p = .009) and negative mood (p = .029), and significant improvements on positive mood (p = .011), self-esteem (p = .002) and satisfaction with life (p = .010) were found for the intervention group only. The IWPD programme appears to promote self-determination, psychological well-being and strategies for overcoming perceived barriers to employment among people with arthritis.
Performance characteristics and emission analysis of a single cylinder diesel engine operated on blends of diesel and waste cooking oil

Generally it is seen that vegetable oil cannot be used directly in a direct injection diesel engine for long period of time. Long-term endurance tests can show serious problems in injector coking, ring sticking, gum formation, and thickening of lubricating oil. These problems are correlated to the high viscosity and non volatility of vegetable oils, which cause inadequate fuel atomization and incomplete combustion. Fuel blending is one of the ways for reducing viscosity. This research work presents the results of an engine test on three fuel blends of waste cooking oil such as10%, 20%and 30% of waste cooking oil (WCO) - diesel blends. The performance characteristics and emission analysis of a single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine, fueled with waste cooking in blends of 10%, 20% and 30% blends with diesel (on a mass basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel results. The suitability of waste cooking oil been established in this study. Experiment has been conducted at a fixed engine speed of 1800 rpm, and then it was gradually loaded. The experiments were conducted at five loads, namely 0 kg (no load), 5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg. For each load condition the engine was run for at least 5 min and at compression ratios of 17.5:1 and Injector Pressure of 210 bars. Results show that the basic engine performance such as power output and fuel consumption is comparable to diesel. When fueled with Waste cooking oil and its blends, Reduction of power-output was noted with the increased amount of Waste cooking oil in the blends and with reduced emissions such as HC and CO however of CO2, NOx and Smoke were increased.
Calreticulin and Arginylated Calreticulin Have Different Susceptibilities to Proteasomal Degradation*

Background: Calreticulin (CRT) retrotranslocated from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm is post-translationally arginylated. Results: Arginylated CRT (R-CRT) has a longer half-life than non-arginylated CRT and displays different ubiquitin dependence. Conclusion: CRT and R-CRT differ in their susceptibility to proteasomal degradation. Significance: Arginylation is not required for proteasomal degradation of CRT, although R-CRT displays ubiquitin modification. Post-translational arginylation has been suggested to target proteins for proteasomal degradation. The degradation mechanism for arginylated calreticulin (R-CRT) localized in the cytoplasm is unknown. To evaluate the effect of arginylation on CRT stability, we examined the metabolic fates and degradation mechanisms of cytoplasmic CRT and R-CRT in NIH 3T3 and CHO cells. Both CRT isoforms were found to be proteasomal substrates, but the half-life of R-CRT (2 h) was longer than that of cytoplasmic CRT (0.7 h). Arginylation was not required for proteasomal degradation of CRT, although R-CRT displays ubiquitin modification. A CRT mutant incapable of dimerization showed reduced metabolic stability of R-CRT, indicating that R-CRT dimerization may protect it from proteasomal degradation. Our findings, taken together, demonstrate a novel function of arginylation: increasing the half-life of CRT in cytoplasm.
Receptor of activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is necessary for the 20‐hydroxyecdysone‐induced expression of the transcription factor CHR3 in the spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana

To initiate moulting and metamorphosis, 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) binds to its nuclear receptors and the ligand–receptor complex then mediates changes in gene expression. Phosphorylation of the receptors is required for their function. The intracellular signal transduction pathway that is involved in receptor phosphorylation remains elusive. This study provides evidence that the receptor of activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) and protein kinase C (PKC) signal transduction cascade is involved in the 20E‐induced expression of the moult‐associated transcription factor CHR3. A cDNA clone encoding a receptor of activated C kinase 1 was isolated from Choristoneura fumiferana (CfRACK1). This single copy gene coded a 36 kDa protein and was expressed ubiquitously in all of the developmental stages and the tissues tested, including the midgut, epidermis, fat body, head, Malpighian tubules, ovary and testis of larvae. High levels of the transcripts were also detected in a midgut‐derived CF‐203 cell line. We noticed that the green fluorescence protein‐fused CfRACK1 protein was distributed in the cytosol surrounding the nuclei in stably transformed cells. Interference of CfRACK1 mRNA suppressed the 20E‐induced expression of the transcription factor CHR3. Dequalinium‐14; 1,1′‐decamethylenebis‐4‐aminoquinaldinium diiodide (DECA), an inhibitor of RACK1 binding to protein kinase C, blocked the 20E‐induced expression of CHR3 and accumulation of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) in the nuclei. All of these data together suggest that 20E‐induced expression of CHR3 may involve phosphorylation of the ecdysone receptor component through the PKC/RACK1 signal transduction cascade, which facilitates the import of the receptor into the nuclei of cells.
Rules of Thumb in Life�?Cycle Saving Decisions

We analyse life-cycle saving decisions when households use simple heuristics, or rules of thumb, rather than solve the underlying intertemporal optimisation problem. We simulate life-cycle saving decisions using three simple rules and compute utility losses relative to the solution of the optimisation problem. Our simulations suggest that utility losses induced by following simple decision rules are relatively low. Moreover, the two main saving motives reflected by the canonical life-cycle model - long-run consumption smoothing and short-run insurance against income shocks - can be addressed quite well by saving rules that do not require computationally demanding tasks, such as backwards induction.
Adjacent Evaluation of Completed Local Ternary Count for Texture Classification

Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is one of the successful texture analysis methods. However, LBP suffers from noise robustness and rotation invariance. This paper proposes a novel noise insensitive texture descriptor, Adjacent Evaluation Local Ternary Count (AELTC) for rotation invariant texture classification. Unlike LBP, AELTC uses an adjacent evaluation window to change the threshold scheme. It is enhanced to Adjacent Evaluation Completed Local Ternary Count (AECLTC) with three operators to improve the performance of texture classification. During the performance evaluation, various experiments are conducted on Outex and CUReT databases using seven existing LBP variants and with proposed AECLTC. The results demonstrated the superiority of AECLTC when compared to other LBP variants.
Maximizing therapeutic effects in treating sexual offenders in an Australian correctional system.

In Australia, the community response to sexual offenders is marked by uncertainty as to whether offenders should be incarcerated as punishment or provided treatment in order to reduce the likelihood of re-offense. The incarceration of sexual offenders results in particular management, ethical, and political issues. Nevertheless incarceration can provide leverage to encourage the offender to participate in treatment while delivering punishment for wrongdoing and acting to protect the community. In the state of Victoria the CORE Sex Offender Programs have developed a statewide strategy in the public correctional system in order to assess, manage, and treat male sexual offenders. However, such offenders are notoriously reluctant to engage in treatment to address offending behaviors. A critical element of the strategy has been the Victorian Adult Parole Board, an entity that can determine that an offender needs to engage in treatment before he is considered for parole. Using the therapeutic jurisprudence framework as outlined by Wexler (1990), strategies to minimize the anti-therapeutic effects of the Victorian Adult Parole Board and maximize the therapeutic effects of the CORE Sex Offender Programs are highlighted.
Comparative Genomics of Chrysochromulina Ericina Virus and Other Microalga-Infecting Large DNA Viruses Highlights Their Intricate Evolutionary Relationship with the Established Mimiviridae Family

ABSTRACT Chrysochromulina ericina virus CeV-01B (CeV) was isolated from Norwegian coastal waters in 1998. Its icosahedral particle is 160 nm in diameter and encloses a 474-kb double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. This virus, although infecting a microalga (the haptophyceae Haptolina ericina, formerly Chrysochromulina ericina), is phylogenetically related to members of the Mimiviridae family, initially established with the acanthamoeba-infecting mimivirus and megavirus as prototypes. This family was later split into two genera (Mimivirus and Cafeteriavirus) following the characterization of a virus infecting the heterotrophic stramenopile Cafeteria roenbergensis (CroV). CeV, as well as two of its close relatives, which infect the unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes Phaeocystis globosa (Phaeocystis globosa virus [PgV]) and Aureococcus anophagefferens (Aureococcus anophagefferens virus [AaV]), are currently unclassified by the International Committee on Viral Taxonomy (ICTV). The detailed comparative analysis of the CeV genome presented here confirms the phylogenetic affinity of this emerging group of microalga-infecting viruses with the Mimiviridae but argues in favor of their classification inside a distinct clade within the family. Although CeV, PgV, and AaV share more common features among them than with the larger Mimiviridae, they also exhibit a large complement of unique genes, attesting to their complex evolutionary history. We identified several gene fusion events and cases of convergent evolution involving independent lateral gene acquisitions. Finally, CeV possesses an unusual number of inteins, some of which are closely related despite being inserted in nonhomologous genes. This appears to contradict the paradigm of allele-specific inteins and suggests that the Mimiviridae are especially efficient in spreading inteins while enlarging their repertoire of homing genes. IMPORTANCE Although it infects the microalga Chrysochromulina ericina, CeV is more closely related to acanthamoeba-infecting viruses of the Mimiviridae family than to any member of the Phycodnaviridae, the ICTV-approved family historically including all alga-infecting large dsDNA viruses. CeV, as well as its relatives that infect the microalgae Phaeocystic globosa (PgV) and Aureococcus anophagefferens (AaV), remains officially unclassified and a source of confusion in the literature. Our comparative analysis of the CeV genome in the context of this emerging group of alga-infecting viruses suggests that they belong to a distinct clade within the established Mimiviridae family. The presence of a large number of unique genes as well as specific gene fusion events, evolutionary convergences, and inteins integrated at unusual locations document the complex evolutionary history of the CeV lineage.
Macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Botswana: The Keynesian approach

The interest of this study is to examine the macroeconomic determinants of economic growth in Botswana. The paper is motivated by poverty and unemployment figures rampaging the economy of Botswana, therefore, it is necessary to investigate its growth empirics. The study adopted the Keynesian expenditure approach to identify the factors influencing Botswana? s economic growth. The study used the time series data spanning from 1966 to 2014. The paper applied a robust Engle-Granger approach to examine the long run equilibrium between Keynesian macroeconomic factors and economic growth. In an attempt to examine the long run equilibrium, the results of the study reviled that all the variables performed according to Keynesian theory expectation. Furthermore, although imports impact negatively to economic growth according to Keynes theory and it is empirically proven. The study recommends that economic policy makers in Botswana should reconsider the import structure of the economy in such a way that they promote import of capital goods that will impact positively to economic growth in the long run that will translate to eradicate poverty and reduce unemployment.
Single-chip CMOS anemometer

For the first time a packaged single-chip anemometry microsystem is reported. The system includes a thermal CMOS flow sensor with on-chip power management, signal conditioning, and A/D conversion. It is fabricated using an industrial IC process followed by post-CMOS micromachining. The system is packaged on a flexible substrate using flip-chip interconnection technology. The measurement of wind speeds is demonstrated in the range from 0 to 38 m/s (0 to 12 Beaufort), with a dynamic range of 65 dB. Total power consumption is 3 mW.
Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood

Abstract Objective There is increasing interest in vitamin D and its possible health effects. The aims of the present overview are to summarise the research on common diseases for which there is substantial evidence on vitamin D, identify diseases where vitamin D may be beneficial and discuss the public health implications of these findings. Design Literature search of PubMed for the years 2000 to 2010 to identify cohort studies with baseline measures of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and randomised controlled trials (RCT) of vitamin D supplementation in relation to fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. Risk ratios of disease from comparisons between 25(OH)D quantiles in these studies were summarised using RevMan software version 5·1 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen). Setting Community-based samples recruited into cohort studies from many countries. Subjects Older men and women, mostly above 50 years of age. Results When comparing the lowest 25(OH)D category with the highest (or reference), the pooled risk ratio (95 % CI) was: 1·34 (1·13, 1·59) for fractures from nine studies; 1·59 (1·30, 1·95) for colorectal cancer from nine studies; 1·35 (1·17, 1·56) for CVD from twelve studies; and 1·42 (1·23, 1·63) for all-cause mortality from twelve studies. Conclusions Cohort studies show that baseline 25(OH)D levels predict increased risk of fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. These associations are weak and could be explained by confounding variables such as obesity and physical activity. Because of their potential public health significance, RCT using vitamin D doses ≥50 μg/d are required to determine whether vitamin D protects against these diseases.
DETERMINANT ANALYSIS OF SUPPLY CHANGE OF INDONESIA'S EXPORT PRODUCT

This study analyzes the effects of structural economic movement on the change of indonesia’s exports and examines the validity of the ignacy theory concerning structural economic movement in relation to the changes of of export composition. The study utilize an ordinary mechanism of WLS, namely the Wald model. The estimation resulted through the combination of ECM and WLS shows that the price of export goods/merchandises has a positive effect and is significant in the short-term. Yet, over the long-term period, the increase in export commodity price causes the decrease in export volumes. Meanwhile, the relationship between export volume and inflation is not significant, either in the short-term or long-term. Foreign exchange interestingly has a positive and significant relationship with the export volume over a short-term period, but in the long-term it has a reverse effect, that is, it decreases export volume. Foreign investment has a positive and significant relationship with export volume in the long-term, the significance, however, weakens over the short-term period. The structural economic movement has a positive and significant relationship over a short-term period with export volume, but over long-term period the relationship is not statistically strong. Thus, the structural economic movement towards more on the growth of industry sector could stimulate the growth in export aggregately. This evidence provides further support on the Ignacy theory (1980) if it is applied on Indonesian international economy, especially for the period of 1983-1997. JEL Classification : C32, F14, O24 Keyword : Weighted Least Square, Error Correction Model, Structural Economic Movement, Export Change
The influence of low frequency vibration on pilot performance (as measured in a fixed base simulator).

This report describes a study on the effects of low frequency vibration on pilot performance. Army pilots acted as subjects and flew simulated helicopter missions in a realistic fixed base simulator environment. While flying the two-hour missions pilots were exposed to vibration stimuli varying in frequency from 6 to 12 Hz and in amplitude from ±0·1 to ±0·3g (measured at the floor). Measurements were taken of the vibration tramsmissibility of the pilot's seat so that the vibration actually felt by the subject could be determined. Missions involved transporting external loads in a simulated logistics environment. Performance was evaluated by measuring flight path deviations from prescribed en route, approach, and hover parameters. The vibration stimuli used did not degrade performance. In fact, performance tended to improve with increased stress. It is hypothesized that this trend was due to motivation, i.e. as subjects felt the onset of fatigue they compensated by working harder and thus tended to improve.
Systemic Regulation of RAS/MAPK Signaling by the Serotonin Metabolite 5-HIAA

Human cancer is caused by the interplay of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and inherited variations in cancer susceptibility genes. While many of the tumor initiating mutations are well characterized, the effect of genetic background variation on disease onset and progression is less understood. We have used C. elegans genetics to identify genetic modifiers of the oncogenic RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. Quantitative trait locus analysis of two highly diverged C. elegans isolates combined with allele swapping experiments identified the polymorphic monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene amx-2 as a negative regulator of RAS/MAPK signaling. We further show that the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), which is a product of MAOA catalysis, systemically inhibits RAS/MAPK signaling in different organs of C. elegans. Thus, MAOA activity sets a global threshold for MAPK activation by controlling 5-HIAA levels. To our knowledge, 5-HIAA is the first endogenous small molecule that acts as a systemic inhibitor of RAS/MAPK signaling.