Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Low Energy Uneven Clustering Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Networks

Taking into account the shortcomings of existing topology control algorithms for wireless sensor networks, a low energy uneven clustering (LEUC) topology control algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm adopts three-stage election mechanism of cluster heads. First, selecting the candidate cluster heads is based on the threshold parameter. Second, the competition of temporary cluster heads takes advantage of the calculation of competition radius. Third, the generation of formal cluster heads makes use of the minimum distance to the cluster centroid. On this basis, the multi-hop mode is used in the communication between clusters. The network overhead of the next hop is considered when selecting the relay nodes. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively optimize the topology of the clusters, balance the node energy consumption and prolong the network lifetime compared to classic algorithms.
Supranational Citizenship Building and the United Nations: Is the UN Engaged in a "Citizenization" Process?

The citizenship concept is not absent from UN discourse. However, the use of the term is limited to a conception of citizenship systematically associated to the state; terms such as supranational citizenship or UN citizenship are not part of the usual UN vocabulary. Does that mean that the UN is not “making citizenship” at all? The answer seems obviously positive. Considering the history of the European Union and work on European citizenship, this article demonstrates that such a response may be too hasty. Through the analysis of two institution-building processes—the creation of supranational criminal courts and the opening of UN policymaking processes—it is argued here that just as the European Union was making citizenship well before the Maastricht Treaty explicitly mentioned “European citizenship,” the United Nations is beginning to engage a process of citizenization.
Isolation and Expression Pattern of Human Unc-33-Like Phosphoprotein 6/Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 5 (Ulip6/CRMP5): Coexistence with Ulip2/CRMP2 in Sema3A- Sensitive Oligodendrocytes

The Unc-33-like phosphoprotein/collapsin response mediator protein (Ulip/CRMP) family consists of four homologous phosphoproteins considered crucial for brain development. Autoantibodies produced against member(s) of this family by patients with paraneoplastic neurological diseases have made it possible to clone a fifth human Ulip/CRMP and characterize its cellular and anatomical distribution in developing brain. This protein, referred to as Ulip6/CRMP5, is highly expressed during rat brain development in postmitotic neural precursors and in the fasciculi of fibers, suggesting its involvement in neuronal migration/differentiation and axonal growth. In the adult, Ulip6/CRMP5 is still expressed in some neurons, namely in areas that retain neurogenesis and in oligodendrocytes in the midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Ulip2/CRMP2 and Ulip6/CRMP5 are coexpressed in postmitotic neural precursors at certain times during development and in oligodendrocytes in the adult. Because Ulip2/CRMP2 has been reported to mediate semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) signal in developing neurons, in studies to understand the function of Ulip6/CRMP5 and Ulip2/CRMP2 in the adult, purified adult rat brain oligodendrocytes were cultured in a Sema3A-conditioned medium. Oligodendrocytes were found to have Sema3A binding sites and to express neuropilin-1, the major Sema3A receptor component. In the presence of Sema3A, these oligodendrocytes displayed a dramatic reduction in process extension, which was reversed by removal of Sema3A and prevented by anti-neuropilin-1, anti-Ulip6/CRMP5, anti-Ulip2/CRMP2 antibodies, or VEGF-165, another neuropilin-1 ligand. These results indicate the existence in the adult brain of a Sema3A signaling pathway that modulates oligodendrocyte process extension mediated by neuropilin-1, Ulip6/CRMP5, and Ulip2/CRMP2, and they open new fields of investigation of neuron/oligodendrocyte interactions in the normal and pathological brain.
A GNSS integer ambiguity resolution method based on ambiguity domain search strategy

A new integer ambiguity resolution method is proposed to solve influence caused by Ambiguity real solutions accuracy and high dimensions on LAMBDA search strategy. Its search efficiency is very close to bootstrap algorithm and the success rate is higher. The reason is that the new method set reasonable number of ambiguity reservation number. By using in conjunction with SE-VB method, it Narrows the initial search radius of SE-VB algorithm and effectively reduces the computation time. Finally, the comparison of bootstrap, SE-VB and the new method in a GPS precise positioning experiment further verifies the effectiveness of the new algorithm.
Rogues, degenerates, and heroes: Disobedience as politics in military organizations

Disobedience in military organizations affects critical outcomes such as the quality of civil–military relations, the likelihood of civilian abuse, and battlefield effectiveness. Existing work on military disobedience focuses on group dynamics; this article instead investigates the circumstances under which individual officers disobey. We argue that officers interpret military orders based on their concurrent positions in multiple social networks and that, contingent on the soldier’s environment, such orders can “activate” tensions between overlapping social network identifications. These tensions create motivations and justifications for disobedience. We develop this theory via in-depth case studies of individual officers’ disobedience in the Chinese military and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), combined with an examination of 10 additional cases outlined in an online appendix. Relying on primary sources, we demonstrate how identifications with overlapping social networks led two ostensibly dissimilar officers to disobey in similar ways during the Sino-French War (1883–1885) and the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1989). Our theory thus shows how overlapping social networks create conditions of possibility for even well-trained, loyal commanders to disobey their superiors. In doing so, it highlights the critical fact that even within the context of intensive military discipline and socialization, individuals draw on identifications with varied social networks to make decisions. Further, it implies that individual disobedience should be studied as conceptually separate from collective events such as mass desertion or unit defection.
A SURVEY ON SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

The growth of web 2.0 provides a great medium for people to share opinions, comments and emotions. Web Opinion Mining or Sentiment analysis is one of the tasks in text mining that aims to develop system to automatically extract, identify and classify user’s opinion from text written in natural language, user generated content or user generated media. Organizations are interested to get feedback on their products and customer service for business intelligence. Individuals are also interested in other’s opinion for decision making. This survey presents the details of recent works available in the literature for the field of Sentiment Analysis. The existing techniques are grouped into categories based on the methods. The aim of this survey is to provide a summary of current research activities on this area and implementation of various useful techniques applied on sentiment analysis.
Who will get benefit from the new taxi fare rate? Discerning the real driving from Taxi GPS data

With an innovation in mobile technology, trend of use mobile device as function to record individual activity is increasing in various fields. In order to determine the taxi meter quality of service in the urban area, we used mobile data to determine cause and fact. Normally, “Taxi Route for Fare-Rate Calculation” and Customer survey. In the first part, we developed an algorithm to calculate taxi fare-rate and compared the benefit between old and new fare-rate. We calculated the Taxi GPS data to determine each trajectory distance then use GIS spatial technique to clean undesired data. Next, a survey to collect data from customer who have experience on using taxi service and get use to their opinion was performed. The result indicate that using taxi new fare rate would increase benefit to taxi driver about 13.16% in average and could earn benefit the most when use new rate in long distance mode. Which 55.35% of customers satisfy in an increased fare rate, they also concerned in standard and quality of taxi service. In conclusion, we could contrast the fact and consequences from both side of people and suggest solutions to solve this issue.
Asset Pricing and Optimal Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Human Capital

This study analyses the ability of human capital and other factors affecting share prices like, dividend, treasury bills, and government bonds, in predicting variation of stock returns on the Indian stock market for the period of 1996:04-2005:06. We use variations of Campbell (1996) equilibrium multifactor model to analyze the pattern of security prices. Furthermore we use VAR estimates, Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald Tests, Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation, and Impulse Responses to estimate asset returns. Our results show that Human capital is a significant factor affecting share prices and labor has a causal relationship with security prices. There is also a causal relationship between stock returns and dividend, and vise versa.
SeaClouds: a European project on seamless management of multi-cloud applications

The adaptive management of complex applications deployed across multiple heterogeneous PaaS platforms is one of the problems that have emerged with the cloud revolution. The recently started EU research project SeaClouds aims at providing seamless adaptive multi-cloud management of complex applications by supporting the distribution, monitoring and migration of application modules over multiple heterogeneous PaaS platforms. We present the context, motivations and objectives of SeaClouds, its relation with other cloud initiatives, and its initial architecture.
Improving Statistical Machine Translation Performance by Training Data Selection and Optimization

Parallel corpus is an indispensable resource for translation model training in statistical machine translation (SMT). Instead of collecting more and more parallel training corpora, this paper aims to improve SMT performance by exploiting full potential of the existing parallel corpora. Two kinds of methods are proposed: offline data optimization and online model optimization. The offline method adapts the training data by redistributing the weight of each training sentence pairs. The online method adapts the translation model by redistributing the weight of each predefined submodels. Information retrieval model is used for the weighting scheme in both methods. Experimental results show that without using any additional resource, both methods can improve SMT performance significantly.
Trust Worthiness on Load Balance in Grids Using Standard Cauchy Distribution

Computational tasks are split into many modules and the resources of participating nodes of Grid are shared with to solve intensive jobs. Since the Grid participants are open in many cases, the respective providers do not maintain reputation in providing their promised services. Therefore 'Trust' worthiness of nodes of clusters of Grid is determined through various techniques with several parameters. Computational efficiency in Grid is another major issue that needs to be addressed. 'Load Balancing' in Grids could be a major remedial measure for tackling this issue. Literature on these two components in isolation of Grid technology is seen to be aplenty. But a combined study for relational effectiveness is worth an attempt. Standard Cauchy distribution is a continuous probability distribution, which can be applied so as to determine the acceptance levels of Cluster functionalities of the Grid. In view of this, the study attempts to make use of standard Cauchy distribution technique for validating Load balancing, which is performed after the determination of the trust worthiness of the participating nodes of a cluster. The study argues that the Grid cluster that is trust worthy alone can be performed with the load balancing and the conclusion is thus derived. GridSim 5.0 has been used for the proposed experimental studies.
Passive Immunotherapy in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques Accelerates the Development of Neutralizing Antibodies

ABSTRACT Passively transferred neutralizing antibodies can block lentivirus infection, but their role in postexposure prophylaxis is poorly understood. In this nonhuman-primate study, the effects of short-term antibody therapy on 5-year disease progression, virus load, and host immunity were explored. We reported previously that postinfection passive treatment with polyclonal immune globulin with high neutralizing titers against SIVsmE660 (SIVIG) significantly improved the 67-week health of SIVsmE660-infected Macaca mulatta macaques. Four of six treated macaques maintained low or undetectable levels of virus in plasma, compared with one of ten controls, while two rapid progressors controlled viremia only as long as the SIVIG was present. SIVIG treatment delayed the de novo production of envelope (Env)-specific antibodies by 8 weeks (13). We show here that differences in disease progression were also significant at 5 years postinfection, excluding rapid progressors (P = 0.05). Macaques that maintained ≤103 virus particles per ml of plasma and ≤30 infectious virus particles per 106 mononuclear cells from peripheral blood and lymph nodes had delayed disease onset. All macaques that survived beyond 18 months had measurable Gag-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, regardless of treatment. Humoral immunity in survivors beyond 20 weeks was strikingly different in the SIVIG and control groups. Despite a delay in Env-specific binding antibodies, de novo production of neutralizing antibodies was significantly accelerated in SIVIG-treated macaques. Titers of de novo neutralizing antibodies at week 12 were comparable to levels achieved in controls only by week 32 or later. Acceleration of de novo simian immunodeficiency virus immunity in the presence of passively transferred neutralizing antibodies is a novel finding with implications for postexposure prophylaxis and vaccines.
Object Recognition and Location Memory in Monkeys with Excitotoxic Lesions of the Amygdala and Hippocampus

Earlier work indicated that combined but not separate removal of the amygdala and hippocampus, together with the cortex underlying these structures, leads to a severe impairment in visual recognition. More recent work, however, has shown that removal of the rhinal cortex, a region subjacent to the amygdala and rostral hippocampus, yields nearly the same impairment as the original removal. This raises the possibility that the earlier results were attributable to combined damage to the rostral and caudal portions of the rhinal cortex rather than to the combined amygdala and hippocampal removal. To test this possibility, we trained rhesus monkeys on delayed nonmatching-to-sample, a measure of visual recognition, gave them selective lesions of the amygdala and hippocampus made with the excitotoxin ibotenic acid, and then assessed their recognition abilities by using increasingly longer delays and list lengths, including delays as long as 40 min. Postoperatively, monkeys with the combined amygdala and hippocampal lesions performed as well as intact controls at every stage of testing. The same monkeys also were unimpaired relative to controls on an analogous test of spatial memory, delayed nonmatching-to-location. It is unlikely that unintended sparing of target structures can account for the lack of impairment; there was a significant positive correlation between the percentage of damage to the hippocampus and scores on portions of the recognition performance test, suggesting that, paradoxically, the greater the hippocampal damage, the better the recognition. The results show that, within the medial temporal lobe, the rhinal cortex is both necessary and sufficient for visual recognition.
OsGatB, the Subunit of tRNA-Dependent Amidotransferase, Is Required for Primary Root Development in Rice

A short-root rice mutant was isolated from an ethyl methane sulfonate-mutagenized library. From map-based cloning strategy, a point mutation, resulting in an amino acid change from proline to leucine, was identified in the fourth exon of a glutamyl-tRNA (Gln) amidotransferase B subunit family protein (OsGatB, LOC_Os11g34210). This gene is an ortholog of Arabidopsis GatB and yeast PET112. GatB is a subunit of tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT), an essential enzyme involved in Gln-tRNAGln synthesis in mitochondria. Although previous studies have described that cessation in mitochondrial translation is lethal at very early developmental stages in plants, this point mutation resulted in a non-lethal phenotype of smaller root meristem and shorter root cell length. In the root, OsGatB was predominantly expressed in the root tip and played an important role in cell division and elongation there. OsGatB was localized in the mitochondria, and mitochondrial structure and function were all affected in Osgatb root tip cells.
Shadow Prices vs. Vickrey Prices in Multipath Routing

Shadow price and Vickrey price are two classic metrics that can be applied to measure the relative importance of links in a communication network. Each metric has been extensively investigated and enjoys important applications. We study the underlying connections between these two metrics with seemingly different definitions, under a general mathematical model of multipath multi-session multicast routing. We show that Vickrey prices provide upper-bounds for shadow prices in general, and the fine granularity version of Vickrey price, unit Vickrey price, equals exactly the maximum shadow price. We further design an efficient algorithm that computes all-link max/min shadow prices and unit Vickrey prices simultaneously, for unicast routing, reducing the complexity of a straightforward algorithm by an order of O(|E|).
Synthetic Aβ peptides acquire prion-like properties in the brain

In transmission studies with Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models, the formation of Aβ plaques is proposed to be initiated by seeding the inoculated amyloid β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. Like the misfolded scrapie prion protein (PrPSc) in prion diseases, Aβ in AD shows a certain degree of resistance to protease digestion while the biochemical basis for protease resistance of Aβ remains poorly understood. Using in vitro assays, histoblotting, and electron microscopy, we characterize the biochemical and morphological features of synthetic Aβ peptides and Aβ isolated from AD brain tissues. Consistent with previous observations, monomeric and oligomeric Aβ species extracted from AD brains are insoluble in detergent buffers and resistant to digestions with proteinase K (PK). Histoblotting of AD brain tissue sections exhibits an increased Aβ immunoreactivity after digestion with PK. In contrast, synthetic Aβ40 and Aβ42 are soluble in detergent buffers and fully digested by PK. Electron microscopy of Aβ40 and Aβ42 synthetic peptides shows that both species of Aβ form mature fibrils. Those generated from Aβ40 are longer but less numerous than those made of Aβ42. When spiked into human brain homogenates, both Aβ40 and Aβ42 acquire insolubility in detergent and resistance to PK. Our study favors the hypothesis that the human brain may contain cofactor(s) that confers the synthetic Aβ peptides PrPSc-like physicochemical properties.
Adaptive Synchronized Tracking Control for Multiple Robotic Manipulators with Uncertain Kinematics and Dynamics

In this study, a new adaptive synchronized tracking control approach is developed for the operation of multiple robotic manipulators in the presence of uncertain kinematics and dynamics. In terms of the system synchronization and adaptive control, the proposed approach can stabilize position tracking of each robotic manipulator while coordinating its motion with the other robotic manipulators. On the other hand, the developed approach can cope with kinematic and dynamic uncertainties. The corresponding stability analysis is presented to lay a foundation for theoretical understanding of the underlying issues as well as an assurance for safely operating real systems. Illustrative examples are bench tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. In addition, to face the challenging issues, this study provides an exemplary showcase with effectively to integrate several cross boundary theoretical results to formulate an interdisciplinary solution
Gender Stereotype News in Context of the Ethnicity: Scale Development and Validation

The ongoing development of gender stereotype news research calls for developing an instrument to tap into the ethnicity context. This study analyzes the gender stereotype news in the context of the ethnicity to develop and validate the scale. The deductive method of item generation has been employed in the study. In total three studies were conducted. The first study is based on the 12 experts’ ratings of the items for the content and constructs validity. A survey of (N = 227) was conducted in January to February 2017 for the second study for the scale construction and inter-item consistency, reliability and factor analysis were analyzed. For the third study, a survey of (N = 222) was conducted for the scale validation and convergent and criterion-related validity were analyzed. Based on the findings of experts all 14 items were retained, however, one item was deleted in the result of the factor analysis. To analyze convergent validity, we used the accurate depiction of facts (AF) as a predictor of gender stereotype news. While the one possible outcome of media believability (MB), was used to measure criterion-related validity. The findings suggest proposing the final 13-item scale of the gender stereotype news in the context of ethnicity (GSN).
A truly recursive blind equalization algorithm

This paper describes a new adaptive blind equalization algorithm based on a truly IIR structure that enables the correction of ISI over severely distorted channels. The recursive feedback filter is in lattice form to allow an easy monitoring of the filter stability. During blind training, the adaptation of the equalizer is carried out via the usual stochastic gradient algorithm by minimizing the Shtrom-Fan cost function, a CMA like functional robust to ill-convergence. Once in steady state, the algorithm switches automatically into a classical DFE structure adapted via the DD-MMSE criterion. Simulation results show that this new equalizer outperforms most of the traditional blind FIR equalizers.
Kaltenbach Infrasound From Wind Turbines Could Affect Humans

Wind turbines generate low-frequency sounds that affect the ear. The ear is superficially similar to a microphone, converting mechanical sound waves into electrical signals, but does this by complex physiologic processes. Serious misconceptions about low-frequency sound and the ear have resulted from a failure to consider in detail how the ear works. Although the cells that provide hearing are insensitive to infrasound, other sensory cells in the ear are much more sensitive, which can be demonstrated by electrical recordings. Responses to infrasound reach the brain through pathways that do not involve conscious hearing but instead may produce sensations of fullness, pressure or tinnitus, or have no sensation. Activation of subconscious pathways by infrasound could disturb sleep. Based on our current knowledge of how the ear works, it is quite possible that low-frequency sounds at the levels generated by wind turbines could affect those living nearby.