Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AS MARKERS OF CELLULAR ORIGIN IN BURKITT LYMPHOMA

Two independent marker systems, G-6-PD isoenzymes and cell membrane-associated IgM, were used to trace the cellular origin of Burkitt lymphoma. Application of the G-6-PD system is dependent upon the fact that, in accordance with inactivity of one X chromosome in each somatic cell, females heterozygous for the usual B gene (Gd B) at the X-linked G-6-PD locus and the variant allele Gd A (or Gd A-) have two types of cells. Gd B is active in one cell population, which consequently produces B type enzyme; in the other population Gd A is active, producing the variant A enzyme. Therefore, tumors with a clonal origin in a Gd B/Gd A heterozygote should exhibit only one enzyme type (B or A) whereas those with multicellular origin may show both A and B enzymes. Utilization of the immunoglobulin system is based upon the supposition that in lymphoid neoplasms with clonal origin either all or none of the tumor cells should have surface-associated IgM and κ-reactivities. 33 of 34 relatively homogeneous (with respect to content of neoplastic cells) individual Burkitt tumors from 19 G-6-PD heterozygotes had single enzyme phenotypes. Similarly, of 95 tumors tested, 92 consisted essentially of IgM(+) or (-) cells. Two neoplasms could not be definitely classified and one tumor had two cell populations. These data suggest a clonal origin for most Burkitt tumors, but the one neoplasm with a double G-6-PD phenotype (A/B) and the one tumor that had two populations of cells with respect to surface IgM, could have originated from multiple cells. G-6-PD was determined in each of two tumors from seven heterozygotes and in all cases both tumors had the same single enzyme phenotype. Surface-associated IgM was tested in four tumors from one patient, three from another, and in two neoplasms from 11 patients. With one exception, all tumors from the same patient were concordant with respect to IgM. These findings suggest that the entire disease has a clonal origin, i.e., it emerges at one focus and then spreads to other parts of the body. Cells from 36 recurrent neoplasms were typed for G-6-PD (in heterozygotes) and/or IgM. In one previously reported patient, initial and recurrent tumors were discordant for G-6-PD. Two other patients had IgM phenotypes in recurrences that were discordant with those found in their initial tumors. Phenotypes from three of nine relapses which occurred after 5 mo were discordant for G-6-PD or IgM but no discordance was detected among 27 earlier recurrences. Thus, some "late" recurrences may be due to emergence of "new" maligant cell lines whereas most early relapses are due to reemergence of the original malignant clones. The probable unicellular origin of Burkitt lymphoma and the findings in tumor recurrences are discussed in terms of the disease's putative viral etiology.
Joint mission and communication aware mobility control in mobile ad-hoc networks

In this paper, we study a mobility control problem in mobile ad-hoc networks with controllable mobility. Especially, we consider mission-critical networks in which nodes have their own specific missions whose degree of satisfaction depends on the their locations as well as want to maintain a good communication quality with their neighbor nodes that also depends on their locations. Hence, in this paper, we study a joint mission and communication aware mobility control problem. We formulate the problem as a potential game and develop a distributed algorithm that converges to the Nash equilibrium. In addition, we also show that if some minor conditions are satisfied, our algorithm provides a global optimal solution that minimizes the weighted sum of costs for mission and communication.
An Integrated Approach to Evaluating the Economic Costs of Wildfire Hazard Reduction through Wood Utilization Opportunities in the Southwestern United States

This research provides an important step in the conceptualization and development of an integrated wildfire fuels reduction system from silvicultural prescription, through stem selection, harvesting, in-woods processing, transport, and market selection. Decisions made at each functional step are informed by knowledge about subsequent functions. Data on the resource characteristics of small-diameter ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), harvest equipment productivity, lumber recovery, and net profit (loss) by level of fuels reduction achieved were collected from four 8.1-ha (20 ac) sites in northern Arizona. These data were used to develop a Windows-based, financial and engineering software program, the harvest cost-revenue (HCR) estimator, to identify the economic costs of wildfire fuel reduction treatments that may be used to evaluate cost per acre thresholds for logging contractors, appraise contract bid rates, or assess stumpage values for ponderosa pine stands in the southwestern United States. Application of the model illustrates variability in fuels reduction costs owing to the level of fuels reduction achieved, the volume of merchantable wood removed from different forest stands, and the availability of markets for removed material. Machine productivity helps predict differences in harvest costs but is secondary to market constraints and the volume of wood harvested. FOR . S CI. 54(3):273-283.
On the Preferences of Principals and Agents

One of the reasons why market economies are able to thrive is that they exploit the willingness of entrepreneurs to take risks that laborers might prefer to avoid. Markets work because they remunerate good judgement and punish mistakes. Indeed, modern contract theory is based on the assumption that principals are less risk averse than agents. We investigate if the risk preferences of entrepreneurs are different from those of laborers by implementing experiments with a random sample of the population in a fast-growing, small-manufacturing, economic cluster. As assumed by theory, we find that entrepreneurs are more likely to take risks than hired managers. These results are robust to the inclusion of a series of controls. This lends support to the idea that risk preferences are an important determinant of selection into occupations. Finally, our lotteries are good predictors of financial decisions, thus giving support to the external validity of our risk measures and experimental methods.
Application of titanium-in-quartz thermobarometry to greenschist facies veins and recrystallized quartzites in the Hsüehshan range, Taiwan

Abstract. The accuracy, reliability and best practises of Ti-in-quartz thermobarometry (TitaniQ) in greenschist facies rocks have not been established. To address these issues, we measured Ti concentrations in rutile-bearing samples of moderately deformed, partially recrystallized quartzite and vein quartz from the Hsuehshan range, Taiwan. The spread of Ti concentrations of recrystallized grains in quartzite correlates with recrystallized grain size. Recrystallized quartz (grain size ~100–200 μm) that formed during early deformation within the biotite stability field shows a marked increase in intermediate Ti-concentration grains (~1–10 ppm) relative to detrital porphyroclasts (Ti ~0.1–200 ppm). Fine recrystallized quartz (~5% of the samples by area, grain size ~10–20 μm) has a further restricted Ti concentration peaking at 0.8–2 ppm. This trend suggests equilibration of Ti in recrystallized quartz with a matrix phase during deformation and cooling. Unlike previously documented examples, Ti concentration in the quartzite is inversely correlated with blue cathodoluminescence. Deformation was associated with a minimum grain boundary diffusivity of Ti on the order of 10−22m2 s−1. Vein emplacement and quartzite recrystallization are independently shown to have occurred at 250–350 °C and 300–410 °C, respectively, with lithostatic pressure of 3–4 kbar (assuming a geothermal gradient of 25° km−1), and with hydrostatic fluid pressure. Estimates of the accuracy of TitaniQ at these conditions depend on whether lithostatic or fluid pressure is used in the TitaniQ calibration. Using lithostatic pressure and these temperatures, the Thomas et al. (2010) calibration yields Ti concentrations within error of concentrations measured by SIMS. If fluid pressure is instead used, predicted temperatures are ~30–40 °C too low. TitaniQ has potential to yield accurate PT information for vein emplacement and dynamic recrystallization of quartz at temperatures as low as ~250 °C, however clarification of the relevant pressure term and further tests in rutile-present rocks are warranted.
GLOBAL SENSITIVITY AND UNCERTAINTY ANALYSES OF THE WATER QUALITY MODEL VFSMOD-W

This study presents the statistical evaluation of the vegetative filter strip modeling system VFSMOD-W as a tool to design vegetative filter strips to use in the mitigation plans required as a part of phosphate mining permitting process by the State of Florida. A two-step statistical evaluation framework using global techniques is presented based on: (1) a screening method (Morris) for qualitative ranking of parameters, and (2) a variance-based method (extended Fourier Analysis Sensitivity Test--extended FAST) for quantitative sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Measured characteristics of the central Florida phosphate-mining region are used to construct the 16 probability distributions of input factors. Two design filter lengths (3 and 6 m) and two model structures (VFSM--the filter module alone, and UH/VFSM--combined filter and source area components) are considered and compared to previous local "one-parameter-at-a-time" (OAT) analyses. It was found that for this application the filter's saturated hydraulic conductivity (VKS) was the most important factor controlling the filter runoff response, explaining over 90% of total output variance irrespective of model structure. In the case of the VFSM structure, sediment-related outputs were mainly influenced by three parameters: sediment particle size diameter (DP), effective flow width of the strip (FWIDTH), and VKS. For UH/VFSM, there were six important parameters: DP, the source area erosion and runoff parameters (slope of the source area Y, USLE soil erodibility index K, and runoff curve number CN), FWIDTH, and VKS. The results show the model's additive nature for this specific application, i.e., there are no significant parameter interactions for all model outputs except sediment outflow concentration and sediment wedge geometry. The uncertainty analysis indicates that regardless of the model structure, the probability of meeting a minimum required 75% sediment reduction was acceptable at the 90% confidence level for the 6 m long filter, but not for the 3 m filter. In general the UH/VFSM model structure exhibited larger output uncertainty. Comparison with previous OAT analyses of the model indicates the importance of performing the global evaluation for each specific model application. The results illustrate four main products of the global analysis: ranking of importance of the VFSMOD-W parameters for different outputs, effect of changing modeling structure, type of influence of the important parameters, and assurance of the model's behavior.
Distributed Online Learning and Stream Processing for a Smarter Planet

Smarter Planet applications for transportation, healthcare, energy and utilities have been enabled by the confluence of technological advancements in sensing, communication, and compute systems, and analysis algorithms. These applications have have several novel characteristics in terms of their distributed nature, their analysis, security and privacy needs, their performance scaling needs, and their dynamics – that have not been sufficiently addressed by prior centrallystore-process-and-analyze systems and algorithms. In this chapter we describe the emerging field of Stream Processing systems and its impact on the realization of these applications – and discuss how this is enabling fog computing in real-world implementations. We introduce the paradigm, its core constructs and capabilities, and examples of academic, commercial and open-source systems available for use. We also highlight examples of large-scale distributed applications built on these systems, and in use in current Smarter Planet applications. We then discuss how these systems enable several new directions of research, at the intersection of online learning, application-system design and optimization. We illustrate one such research direction by describing several novel online distributed learning algorithms that can be implemented on a stream processing system to provide solutions to real-time prediction problems in the presence of diverse data sources as well as missing and/or delayed data or feedback. We show how such distributed algorithms can then be used for real-world prediction problems in social networks, transportation networks and healthcare informatics. We also include pointers to other interesting research in this space. We conclude with our thoughts on the open challenges in this space, and the likely evolution of such systems and algorithms.
Do not forget the boys – gender differences in children living in high HIV-affected communities in South Africa and Malawi in a longitudinal, community-based study

ABSTRACT Gender is an important factor in child development. Especially in sub-Saharan Africa, girls have often been shown to be less likely to access education compared to boys. The consequence of this has been that that programmes addressing child development are often aimed at girls in order to redress gender imbalances. This study examines the effect of gender on the development of children attending community-based organisations in high HIV-affected areas, and explores whether community-based organisation attendance was associated with any changes in gender differences over time. Baseline data from 989 children and 12–15 month follow from 854 (86% response rate) were used to examine gender differences in children from Malawi and South Africa. At baseline, where there were differences by gender, these tended to disadvantage boys. It was found that boys were significantly more often found to be subjected to violence. Boys showed worse performance at school and more behavioural problems than girls. These gender differences persisted from baseline to follow-up. At follow-up, boys self-reported significantly worse average quality of life than girls. Only harsh discipline differed by gender in progression over time: boys experienced a stronger reduction in harsh physical discipline than girls from baseline to follow-up. Since harsh discipline was associated with boys’ worse educational outcomes and behavioural problems, our data cautiously suggests that gender differences could be reduced over time. In conclusion, our data suggests that, perhaps due to the narrow equity approach focusing on provision for girls, boys may be overlooked. As a result, there are some specific experiences where boys are generally worse off. These differences have distinct ramifications for the educational and emotional development of boys. A broader equity approach to child development might be warranted to ensure that the needs of both girls and boys are considered, and that boys are not overlooked.
Racism in the Structure of Everyday Worlds: A Cultural-Psychological Perspective

Theory and research in cultural psychology highlight the need to examine racism not only “in the head” but also “in the world. ” Racism is often defined as individual prejudice, but racism is also systemic, existing in the advantages and disadvantages imprinted in cultural artifacts, ideological discourse, and institutional realities that work together with individual biases. In this review, we highlight examples of historically derived ideas and cultural patterns that maintain present-day racial inequalities. We discuss three key insights on the psychology of racism derived from utilizing a cultural-psychology framework. First, one can find racism embedded in our everyday worlds. Second, through our preferences and selections, we maintain racialized contexts in everyday action. Third, we inhabit cultural worlds that, in turn, promote racialized ways of seeing, being in, and acting in the world. This perspective directs attempts at intervention away from individual tendencies and instead focuses on changing the structures of mind in context that reflect and reproduce racial domination.
Recovery of Corrupted Multiple Kernels for Clustering

Kernel-based methods, such as kernel k-means and kernel PCA, have been widely used in machine learning tasks. The performance of these methods critically depends on the selection of kernel functions; however, the challenge is that we usually do not know what kind of kernels is suitable for the given data and task in advance; this leads to research on multiple kernel learning, i.e. we learn a consensus kernel from multiple candidate kernels. Existing multiple kernel learning methods have difficulty in dealing with noises. In this paper, we propose a novel method for learning a robust yet low-rank kernel for clustering tasks. We observe that the noises of each kernel have specific structures, so we can make full use of them to clean multiple input kernels and then aggregate them into a robust, low-rank consensus kernel. The underlying optimization problem is hard to solve and we will show that it can be solved via alternating minimization, whose convergence is theoretically guaranteed. Experimental results on several benchmark data sets further demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Regulation of the formin Bnr1 by septins anda MARK/Par1-family septin-associated kinase

The septin-associated kinase Gin4 is required for the localization and activation of Bnr1, and the septin Shs1 is essential for Bnr1 activation. The loss of Gin4 or Shs1 phenocopies the loss of Bnr1; these defects are suppressed by constitutive activation of Bnr1. The data reveal novel regulatory links between the actin and septin cytoskeletons.
A Web Browser-based Interaction Framework for Mobile Opportunistic Applications

Opportunistic networking is one way to realize pervasive applications while placing little demand on network infrastructure, especially for operating in less well connected environments. In contrast to the ubiquitous network access model inherent to many cloudbased applications, for which the web browser forms the user front end, opportunistic applications require installing software on mobile devices. Even though app stores (when accessible) offer scalable distribution mechanisms for applications, a designer needs to support multiple OS platforms and only some of those are suitable for opportunistic operation to begin with. In this paper, we present a web browser-based interaction framework that 1) allows users to interact with opportunistic application content without installing the respective app and 2) even supports users whose mobile OSes do not support opportunistic networking at all via minimal standalone infrastructure. We describe our system and protocol design, validate its operation using simulations, and report on our implementation including support for six opportunistic applications.
Blind Signal Extraction of Arbitrarily Distributed, but Temporally Correlated Signals : A Neural Network Approach (Special Section on Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications)

In this paper, we discuss a neural network approach for blind signal extraction of temporally correlated sources. Assuming autoregressive models of source signals, we propose a very simple neural network model and an efficient online adaptive algorithm that extract, from linear mixtures, a temporally correlated source with an arbitrary distribution, including a colored Gaussian source and a source with extremely low value (or even zero) of kurtosis. We then combine these extraction processing units with deflation processing units to extract such sources sequentially in a cascade fashion. Theory and simulations show that the proposed neural network successfully extracts all arbitrarily distributed, but temporally correlated source signals from linear mixtures. key words: blind source separation and extraction, neural networks, on-line adaptive algorithms
A study of the relationship among fear-avoidance beliefs, pain and disability index in patients with low back pain

This study was conducted in order to determine the relationship among fear-avoidance beliefs, pain and disability index in patients with low back pain as well as to identify factors having an influence on fear-avoidance beliefs, pain and disability index. The subjects used in this study were 55 patients with low back pain. All subjects completed a fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) which was divided into two subscales, FABQ for physical activity (FABQ-P) and FABQ for work (FABQ-W), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). In correlation analysis, FABQ-P appeared to show significant correlation with FABQ-W, FABQ-total, VAS and RMDQ, and all variables showed significant correlation with each other. Findings of this study suggest that screening for fear-avoidance beliefs may be useful for identification of patients at risk of psychosocial problems as well as pain intensity and physical impairment.
A RESEARCH SUPPORT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK FOR WEB DATA MINING

Design and implementation of a research support system for web data mining has become a challenge for researchers wishing to utilize useful information on the web. This paper proposes a framework for web data mining support systems. These systems are designed for identifying, extracting, filtering and analyzing data from web resources. They combines web retrieval and data mining techniques together to provide an efficient infrastructure to support web data mining for research.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Collaborative support for community data sharing

The Semantic Web aims to create a web of data where contents can be easily discovered and integrated using metadata. Many ontologies have been proposed over the years in different domains, thus producing a semantic heterogeneity that is difficult to manage. Various automated ontology mapping techniques and tools have been developed to facilitate the bridging and integration of distributed data repositories. Nevertheless, such tools are still in need of human supervision to ensure accuracy. The spread of Web 2.0 approaches demonstrate the possibility and the added value of using collaborative techniques for improving data sharing and consensus reaching. In this paper, we describe our prototype for collaborative ontology mapping and data sharing. The possibility to exploit ontology alignments for querying data is a key capability for data sharing in a networked ontology environment.
Treasury Yields and Corporate Bond Yield Spreads: An Empirical Analysis

This paper empirically examines the relation between the Treasury term structure and spreads of investment grade corporate bond yields over Treasuries. I find that noncallable bond yield spreads fall when the level of the Treasury term structure rises. The extent of this decline depends on the initial credit quality of the bond; the decline is small for Aaa-rated bonds and large for Baa-rated bonds. The role of the business cycle in generating this pattern is explored, as is the link between yield spreads and default risk. I also argue that yield spreads based on commonly-used bond yield indexes are contaminated in two important ways. The first is that they are "refreshed" indexes, which hold credit ratings constant over time; the second is that they usually are constructed with both callable and noncallable bonds. The impact of both of these problems is examined.
Generating Random Regular Graphs Quickly

We present a practical algorithm for generating random regular graphs. For all d growing as a small power of n, the d-regular graphs on n vertices are generated approximately uniformly at random, in the sense that all d-regular graphs on n vertices have in the limit the same probability as n → ∞. The expected runtime for these ds is [Oscr ](nd2).