Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural plan similarity based on refinements in the space of partial plans

Plan similarity measures play a key role in many areas of artificial intelligence, such as case‐based planning, plan recognition, ambient intelligence, or digital storytelling. In this paper, we present 2 novel structural similarity measures to compare plans based on a search process in the space of partial plans. Partial plans are compact representations of sets of plans with some common structure and can be organized in a lattice so that the most general partial plans are above the most specific ones. To compute our similarity measures, we traverse this space of partial plans from the most general to the most specific using successive refinements. Our first similarity measure is designed for propositional plan formalisms, and the second is designed for classical planning formalisms (including variables and types). We also introduce 2 novel refinement operators used to traverse the space of plans: an ideal downward refinement operator for propositional partial plans and a finite and complete downward refinement operator for classical partial plans. Finally, we evaluate our similarity measures in the context of a nearest neighbor classifier using 2 datasets commonly used in the plan recognition literature (Linux and Monroe), showing good results in both synthetic and real data.
Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes and their comparative therapeutic efficacy with 5-fluorouracil in C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mice

Background Nanoliposomes are designed as carriers capable of packaging drugs through passive targeting tumor sites by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. In the present study the biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, micro single-photon emission computed tomography (micro-SPECT/CT) image, dosimetry, and therapeutic efficacy of 188Re-labeled nanoliposomes (188Re-liposomes) in a C26 colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model were evaluated. Methods Colon carcinoma peritoneal metastatic BALB/c mice were intravenously administered 188Re-liposomes. Biodistribution and micro-SPECT/CT imaging were performed to determine the drug profile and targeting efficiency of 188Re-liposomes. Pharmacokinetics study was described by a noncompartmental model. The OLINDA|EXM® computer program was used for the dosimetry evaluation. For therapeutic efficacy, the survival, tumor, and ascites inhibition of mice after treatment with 188Re-liposomes and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), respectively, were evaluated and compared. Results In biodistribution, the highest uptake of 188Re-liposomes in tumor tissues (7.91% ± 2.02% of the injected dose per gram of tissue [%ID/g]) and a high tumor to muscle ratio (25.8 ± 6.1) were observed at 24 hours after intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetics of 188Re-liposomes showed high circulation time and high bioavailability (mean residence time [MRT] = 19.2 hours, area under the curve [AUC] = 820.4%ID/g*h). Micro-SPECT/CT imaging of 188Re-liposomes showed a high uptake and targeting in ascites, liver, spleen, and tumor. The results were correlated with images from autoradiography and biodistribution data. Dosimetry study revealed that the 188Re-liposomes did not cause high absorbed doses in normal tissue but did in small tumors. Radiotherapeutics with 188Re-liposomes provided better survival time (increased by 34.6% of life span; P < 0.05), tumor and ascites inhibition (decreased by 63.4% and 83.3% at 7 days after treatment; P < 0.05) in mice compared with chemotherapeutics of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Conclusion The use of 188Re-liposomes for passively targeted tumor therapy had greater therapeutic effect than the currently clinically applied chemotherapeutics drug 5-FU in a colonic peritoneal carcinomatosis mouse model. This result suggests that 188Re-liposomes have potential benefit and are safe in treating peritoneal carcinomatasis of colon cancer.
CCR5 as a Treatment Target in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Background— Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH), whether idiopathic or related to underlying diseases such as HIV infection, results from complex vessel remodeling involving both pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) proliferation and inflammation. CCR5, a coreceptor for cellular HIV-1 entry expressed on macrophages and vascular cells, may be involved in the pathogenesis of PH. Maraviroc is a new CCR5 antagonist designed to block HIV entry. Methods and Results— Marked CCR5 expression was found in lungs from patients with idiopathic PH, in mice with hypoxia-induced PH, and in Simian immunodeficiency virus–infected macaques, in which it was localized chiefly in the PA-SMCs. To assess the role for CCR5 in experimental PH, we used both gene disruption and pharmacological CCR5 inactivation in mice. Because maraviroc does not bind to murine CCR5, we used human-CCR5ki mice for pharmacological and immunohistochemical studies. Compared with wild-type mice, CCR5−/− mice or human-CCR5ki mice treated with maraviroc exhibited decreased PA-SMC proliferation and recruitment of perivascular and alveolar macrophages during hypoxia exposure. CCR5−/− mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow cells and wild-type mice reconstituted with CCR5−/− bone marrow cells were protected against PH, suggesting CCR5-mediated effects on PA-SMCs and macrophage involvement. The CCR5 ligands CCL5 and the HIV-1 gp120 protein increased intracellular calcium and induced growth of human and human-CCR5ki mouse PA-SMCs; maraviroc inhibited both effects. Maraviroc also reduced the growth-promoting effects of conditioned media from CCL5-activated macrophages derived from human-CCR5ki mice on PA-SMCs from wild-type mice. Conclusion— The CCL5-CCR5 pathway represents a new therapeutic target in PH associated with HIV or with other conditions.
IMIX Genome: Specification of Variable Packet Sizes for Additional Testing

Benchmarking methodologies have always relied on test conditions with constant packet sizes, with the goal of understanding what network device capability has been tested. Tests with a constant packet size reveal device capabilities but differ significantly from the conditions encountered in operational deployment, so additional tests are sometimes conducted with a mixture of packet sizes, or "IMIX" ("Internet Mix"). The mixture of sizes a networking device will encounter is highly variable and depends on many factors. An IMIX suited for one networking device and deployment will not be appropriate for another. However, the mix of sizes may be known, and the tester may be asked to augment the fixed-size tests. To address this need and the perpetual goal of specifying repeatable test conditions, this document defines a way to specify the exact repeating sequence of packet sizes from the usual set of fixed sizes and from other forms of mixed-size specification.
Robots educate in style: The effect of context and non-verbal behaviour on children's perceptions of warmth and competence

Social robots are entering the private and public domain where they engage in social interactions with nontechnical users. This requires robots to be socially interactive and intelligent, including the ability to display appropriate social behaviour. Progress has been made in emotion modelling. However, research into behaviour style is less thorough; no comprehensive, validated model exists of non-verbal behaviours to express style in human-robot interactions. Based on a literature survey, we created a model of non-verbal behaviour to express high/low warmth and competence — two dimensions that contribute to teaching style. In a perception study, we evaluated this model applied to a NAO robot giving a lecture at primary schools and a diabetes camp in the Netherlands. For this, we developed, based on expert ratings, an instrument measuring perceived warmth, competence, dominance and affiliation. We show that even subtle manipulations of robot behaviour influence children's perceptions of the robot's level of warmth and competence.
TECHNOLOGY Pattern Recognition Using Automatic Image Classification and Recognition Methods: A Literature Review

Extensive research and development has taken placeover the last 2 decades in the areas of pattern recognition and imageprocessing. Areas to which the se disciplines have been applied include business, medicine, automation, military intelligence, communications, Industry and commerce and many others. Scale Invariant Feature Transform has attracted great attention in automati c image classification and Pattern recognition beca use of many of its advantages. This paper presents a review of rec entdevelopments in pattern recognition methods in t he field of image processing.
Circular Polarized Grid Array Antenna Based on Anisotropic Dielectric Substrate

A circularly polarized (CP) grid array antenna is proposed in this paper. The CP wave is excited by square patch antenna on a anisotropic dielectric substrate. The anisotropic substrate is realized with 3D printing techniques. Microtrip lines are used to transmit energy between elements. A $3 \times 3$ array is designed and fabricated to demonstrate the feasibility. The proposed array is fed by a coaxial cable near the center of the structure. A slot is cut on the patch near the feed point to enhance the bandwidth. Measured results shows an 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of 3.6% from 1.63 to 1.69 GHz and a peak realized gain of 15.03 dBi. The measured impedance bandwidth is 210 MHz from 1.59 to 1.80 GHz.
An Examination of Visual and Verbal Coding Processes in Preschool Children.

BROWN, R. MICHAEL. An Examination of Visual and Verbal Coding Processes in Preschool Children. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 38-45. Two experiments examined preschoolers' visual and verbal coding processes in a pictorial short-term memory task. Mode of coding (visual or verbal) was inferred from differences in recall under conditions of low and high visual or auditory similarity of the stimuli to be remembered. In Experiment I the stimuli were drawings of a cat that varied in degree of visual similarity. In Experiment II the stimuli were cards displaying letters of the alphabet that varied in degree of visual as well as auditory similarity. Results of both experiments indicated that high visual similarity had a deleterious effect on recall accuracy regardless of the verbal codability of the stimuli. In addition, recall scores improved over time in Experiment I, and primacy and recency effects related to serial position were observed in Experiment II. These findings implicate visual coding as a potentially important means of representation in short-term storage for preschool children.
Circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells in metastatic triple negative breast cancer patients

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a new circulating tumor biomarker which might be used as a prognostic biomarker in a way similar to circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Here, we used the high prevalence of TP53 mutations in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to compare ctDNA and CTC detection rates and prognostic value in metastatic TNBC patients. Forty patients were enrolled before starting a new line of treatment. TP53 mutations were characterized in archived tumor tissues and in plasma DNA using two next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms in parallel. Archived tumor tissue was sequenced successfully for 31/40 patients. TP53 mutations were found in 26/31 (84%) of tumor samples. The same mutation was detected in the matched plasma of 21/26 (81%) patients with an additional mutation found only in the plasma for one patient. Mutated allele fractions ranged from 2 to 70% (median 5%). The observed correlation between the two NGS approaches (R2 = 0.903) suggested that ctDNA levels data were quantitative. Among the 27 patients with TP53 mutations, CTC count was ≥1 in 19 patients (70%) and ≥5 in 14 patients (52%). ctDNA levels had no prognostic impact on time to progression (TTP) or overall survival (OS), whereas CTC numbers were correlated with OS (p = 0.04) and marginally with TTP (p = 0.06). Performance status and elevated LDH also had significant prognostic impact. Here, absence of prognostic impact of baseline ctDNA level suggests that mechanisms of ctDNA release in metastatic TNBC may involve, beyond tumor burden, biological features that do not dramatically affect patient outcome.
Pineocytoma Mimicking a Pineal Cyst on Imaging: True Diagnostic Dilemma or a Case of Incomplete Imaging?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pineocytomas have been described as well-circumscribed, homogeneously enhancing masses. However, there is considerable variability in this appearance, and certain pineocytomas may have a predominantly cystic appearance on imaging. This has led some to suggest that differentiation between pineocytomas and pineal cysts may not be possible. We have attempted to determine if cystic pineocytomas could be found in a series of these tumors evaluated by CT and MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the radiology literature as well as the medical records from our own institution for pathologically proved pineocytomas with available preoperative imaging or imaging reports, with specific focus on whether postcontrast MR imaging was included. In cases in which images were available, they were evaluated by a Certificate of Added Qualification (CAQ)-certified neuroradiologist and a radiology resident, who attempted to determine if the pineocytomas had any MR imaging characteristics of typical pineal cysts. To be considered a typical pineal cyst, an area of signal-intensity abnormality must be centered on the pineal recess, demonstrating internal homogeneity on T2-weighted imaging, following CSF signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, without any marginal lobularity or nodular contrast enhancement and a wall thickness of <2 mm. In cases in which imaging was not available, radiology reports and/or descriptions provided in the radiology literature were reviewed by a CAQ-certified neuroradiologist. For any lesion described as cystic, we again attempted to elucidate the exact extent of imaging that was performed, note specific lesion characteristics, and determine if the lesion met the criteria described previously. Finally, for tumors in which image size was provided, the mean value of maximal tumor dimension, SD, median, and range were calculated. RESULTS: Forty-four pathologically proved cases of pineocytomas from the radiology literature, as well as 8 pathologically proved cases of pineocytomas from our institution with available imaging studies and/or reports, were reviewed. Of these, 23 were solid masses, and 7 were partially solid and cystic, whereas 14 tumors could not be completely characterized due to incomplete imaging evaluation. Eight were primarily cystic; however, none of these could be confidently characterized as meeting the criteria for a typical cyst. CONCLUSION: In our analysis, no truly cystic pineocytomas were identified.
Investigation of a Novel Wideband Feeding Technique for Dielectric Ring Resonator Antennas

A novel feeding technique for dielectric ring resonator antennas, with 2:1 VSWR bandwidth greater than 25% at 5.5 GHz, covering the WLAN upper band is reported in this letter. In order to achieve this wideband characteristic, an L-shaped microstrip monopole is proposed, as both a radiator and a feeding structure. The principle of the wideband characteristics is investigated, with both measured and simulated results of the antenna presented.
Adapting vocational psychology to cope with change

Abstract The article highlights the interdisciplinary theoretical and empirical tradition of vocational psychology as a strength, the slowness in responding to the impact of technology on work as a weakness, while developments in technology provide opportunities for future research and careers interventions, and a possible drift away from psychology is presented as a threat. Strategic issues include implications of having mapped the human genome and the next generation of functional genomics research, change and transfer, development of career programs drawing on goal setting and metacognitive skills, virtual work organizations, and an increased emphasis on time as a variable in research.
A Computational Mechanism for Unified Gain and Timing Control in the Cerebellum

Precise gain and timing control is the goal of cerebellar motor learning. Because the basic neural circuitry of the cerebellum is homogeneous throughout the cerebellar cortex, a single computational mechanism may be used for simultaneous gain and timing control. Although many computational models of the cerebellum have been proposed for either gain or timing control, few models have aimed to unify them. In this paper, we hypothesize that gain and timing control can be unified by learning of the complete waveform of the desired movement profile instructed by climbing fiber signals. To justify our hypothesis, we adopted a large-scale spiking network model of the cerebellum, which was originally developed for cerebellar timing mechanisms to explain the experimental data of Pavlovian delay eyeblink conditioning, to the gain adaptation of optokinetic response (OKR) eye movements. By conducting large-scale computer simulations, we could reproduce some features of OKR adaptation, such as the learning-related change of simple spike firing of model Purkinje cells and vestibular nuclear neurons, simulated gain increase, and frequency-dependent gain increase. These results suggest that the cerebellum may use a single computational mechanism to control gain and timing simultaneously.
The Smart Intuitive Natural Language Understanding with Recurrent Neural Networks

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are becoming increasingly popular in addressing natural language knowledge duties. It is because of their ability to capture lengthy-time period dependencies and collection shapes by leveraging the temporal houses of lengthy-time period reminiscence. Mainly, RNNs can process facts with unique sequences of inputs, continuously running the same functions over various series steps. By using expertise-primarily based techniques in the shape of knowledge graphs, ontologies, and semantic triples, RNNs may be used to explain the semantic relationships between domain entities and their related attributes. The innovative Intuitive natural Language information (INLU) with RNNs combines knowledge-based tactics with the strength of collecting and gaining knowledge of RNNs. It allows for understanding natural language by modulating the understanding of graph semantic models to seize and interact with the distributed representations of language. This method allows RNNs to research languages and identifiers that may be used to interpret personal queries. Moreover, INLU permits efficient inference over the semantic graph to provide correct information on herbal language queries. INLU can obtain superior semantic accuracy and extra-accurate question matching by offering semantic relationships among user questions and related domains.
Reservation mechanisms for efficient resource management in internetworks

Distributed multimedia applications with quality of service requirements that must be guaranteed by the underlying network are evolving at a fast pace. Resource reservation protocols are therefore essential to enable efficient resource management in internetworks. We survey existing resource reservation protocols and the reservation styles they support. Current protocols do not permit different reservation styles to be combined within the same session. We show, using simulation of realistic scenarios, that allowing different reservation styles to coexist within the same session yields more efficient resource management and provides more satisfactory service to the applications. We then propose a complete mechanism for implementing the shared dynamic reservation style, along with three techniques to enhance its effectiveness in managing the network resources. The effectiveness of these three techniques is evaluated using simulation.
An online handwritten music score recognition system

The objective of this study is to produce a system that would allow music symbols to be written by hand using a pen-based computer that would simulate the feeling of writing on sheets of paper and that would also accurately recognize the music symbols. To accomplish these objectives, the following methods are proposed: (1) Two features, time-series data and an image of a handwritten stroke, are used to recognize strokes; and (2) The strokes are combined, as efficiently as possible, and outputted automatically as a music symbol. As a result, recognition rates of 97.60% and 98.80% were obtained in tests with strokes and music symbols, respectively.
Lost in Transformation? The Employment Trajectories of China’s Cultural Revolution Cohort

This article aims to uncover major career trajectories among one particular cohort of Chinese urban residents whose transition to adulthood was greatly disrupted by the Cultural Revolution. Based on the career histories of respondents from a subsample of the 2003 China’s General Social Survey, and with the adoption of the optimal matching and cluster analysis techniques, the analysis reveals a four-cluster typology for career sequences of this cohort from their first employment to the labor market status in the 25th year since first entry. The preservation of the temporal order of career events helps to define a discernible career pathway type for each cluster. A multinomial logistic regression explains how cluster membership relates to a string of background characteristics, specifically showing that the state-initiated rustication experience in youthhood and family resources impacted the Cultural Revolution cohort’s labor market prospects after the economic transformation.
Recognizing Bellman-Ford-Orderable Graphs

Mehlhorn and Schmidt [Discrete Appl. Math., 15 (1986), pp. 315–327 ] consider the following problem. Given a directed graph with distinguished source vertex s, is it possible to order the edges so that all simple paths starting at s use edges in increasing order? They show how to solve their problem in $O( | E |^2 )$ steps, where $| E |$ is the number of edges. An algorithm that runs in $O( | V |^2 )$ steps is given, where $| V |$ is the number of vertices. The new algorithm and its analysis apply and extend previous results on dominators in directed graphs.
Motor Asymmetry in Elite Fencers

ABSTRACT The authors previously reported that asymmetrical patterns of hand preference are updated and modified by present sensorimotor conditions. They examined whether participation in long-term training in the upper extremity sport fencing might modify arm selection and performance asymmetries. Eight fencers and eight nonfencers performed reaching movements under 3 experimental conditions: (a) nonchoice right, (b) nonchoice left, and (c) choice, either right or left arm as selected by subject. The nonchoice conditions allowed assessment of potential interlimb differences in movement performance, while the choice condition allowed assessment of the frequency and pattern of arm selection across subject groups. Our findings showed that the athlete group showed substantially greater symmetry in the performance and selection measures. These findings suggest that arm selection and performance asymmetries can be altered by intense long-term practice.