Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Internet Address Space Deaggregation: Myths and Reality

Internet routing table size growth and BGP update churn are two prominent Internet scaling issues. There is widespread belief in a high and fast growing number of ASs that deaggregate prefixes, e.g., due to multi-homing and for the purpose of traffic engineering. Moreover, researchers often blame specific classes of ASs for generating a disproportionate amount of BGP updates. Our primary objective is to challenge such widespread assumptions (“myths”) and not solely to confirm previous findings. Surprisingly, we find severe discrepancies between existing myths and reality. According to our results, there is no trend towards more aggressive prefix deaggregation or traffic engineering over time. With respect to update dynamics, we observe that deaggregated prefixes generally do not generate a disproportionate number of BGP updates, with respect to their share of the BGP routing table. On the other side, we observe much more widespread traffic engineering in the form of AS path prepending and scoped advertisements compared to previous studies. Overall, our work gives a far more positive picture compared to the alarming discourses typically heard: The impact of “bad guys” on routing table size growth and BGP churn has not changed for the worse in recent years. Rather, it increases at the same pace as the Internet itself.
Strategies of Cooperation and Punishment Among Students and Clerical Workers

We study individual behavior of students and workers in an experiment where they repeatedly faced with the same cooperative task. The data show that clerical workers differ from college students in overall cooperation rates, strategies adopted, and use of punishment opportunities. Students cooperate more than workers, and cooperation increases in both subject pools when a personal punishment option is available. Students are less likely than workers to adopt strategies of unconditional defection and more likely to select strategies of conditional cooperation. Finally, students are more likely than workers to sanction uncooperative behavior with decentralized punishment and also personal punishment when available.
Eyewitness memory enhancement in the police interview: cognitive retrieval mnemonics versus hypnosis.

This research compared the effectiveness of three interview procedures for optimizing eyewitness memory performance: (a) the "cognitive interview" based on memory-retrie val mnemonics from current memory theory, (b) the presently controversial hypnosis interview, and (c) the standard (control) police interview. These methods were evaluated empirically in a controlled, yet ecologically valid, laboratory setting. Eighty-nine subjects viewed police training films of simulated violent crimes and were questioned individually in interactive interviews 48 hours later by experienced law-enforcement personnel. Both the cognitive and hypnosis procedures elicited a significantly greater number of correct items of information from the subjects than did the standard interview. This result, which held even for the most critical facts from the films, was most pronounced for crime scenarios in which the density of events was high. The number of incorrect items of information generated did not differ across the three interview conditions. The observed memory enhancement was interpreted in terms of the memory-guidance techniques common to both the cognitive and hypnosis interviews. Neither differential questioning time nor heightened subject or interviewer motivation could explain the results. The Rand Corporation (1975), in a comprehensive study of criminal-inve stigation processes, reported that the principal determinant of whether or not a case is solved is the completeness and accuracy of the eyewitness account. Nevertheless, eyewitness reports are known to be incomplete, unreliable, partially constructed (confabulated), and malleable during the questioning procedure (Clifford & Hollin, 1983; Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Burns, 1978; Wells, Ferguson, & Lindsay, 1981). The purpose of the present study, therefore, was to suggest methods to enhance the accuracy of eyewitness
Nonsegmental Factors in Foreign Accent

Untrained native English listeners assigned foreign accent scores to sentence and narrative utterances that had been rendered unintelligible through low-pass filtering. Utterances produced by native English talkers were assigned consistently higher ratings than those produced by Mandarin-speaking learners of English, even when the listeners were unfamiliar with the content. Because these filtered speech stimuli contained very little of what could be considered segmental information, the results suggest that untrained listeners can identify foreign-accented speech on the basis of nonsegmental information alone, whether they are presented with material of known or of unknown content. Acoustical analyses of the stimuli suggested that differences in speaking rates, intonation patterns, and timing may have played a role in the listeners' assessments, although the cues to foreign-accentedness may have varied from talker to talker and from utterance to utterance. Surprisingly, no relationship was observed between the ratings of the filtered and unfiltered versions of the nonnative stimuli.
A Strong Key Pre Distribution Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks

Given the sensitivity of the potential WSN applications and because of resource limitations, key management emerges as a challenging issue for WSNs. One of the main concerns when designing a key management scheme is the network scalability. Indeed, the protocol should support a large number of nodes to enable a large scale deployment of the network. In this paper, a new scalable key management scheme for WSNs which provides a good secure connectivity coverage. For this purpose, the make use of the unital design theory. It show that the basic mapping from unitals to key pre-distribution allows us to achieve high network scalability. Nonetheless, this naive mapping does not guarantee a high key sharing probability. Therefore, it propose an enhanced unital-based key pre-distribution scheme providing high network scalability and good key sharing probability approximately lower bounded by 1 − e 0.632. It conduct approximate analysis and simulations and compare our solution to those of existing methods for different criteria such as storage overhead, network scalability, network connectivity, average secure path length and network resiliency. Our results show that the proposed approach enhances the network scalability while providing high secure connectivity coverage and overall improved performance. Moreover, for an equal network size, our solution reduces significantly the storage overhead compared to those of existing solutions.
A novel dictionary learning algorithm for image representation

Sparse coding has proved its efficiency in the image classification task. However, its major drawback is the discarding of the spatial context information that can be extracted from the image. Therefore, we propose in this work a novel sparse coding method called Laplacian sparse coding based on the integration of topological information in the encoding process. This is achieved by embedding the similarities between local region visual phrases into the objective function of the classical Laplacian sparse coding. Experimental results made on several datasets prove the efficiency of the proposed method.
Ambiguity and inconsistency of investor buying behavior

This study aims to examine the Effect of Investor's "baper" Behavior on Purchasing Behavior in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative approach with respondents who have the nature of "baper" and never invested in shares of BEI. The data source used is primary data by spreading the questionnaire. Respondents in this study amounted to 200 people. This research uses Partial Least Square model through smartpls 3 software for testing inner model and outer model. The results of this study show that the investors "baper" who get a share gain positive emotion and have a significant positive impact on customer (investor) satisfaction, Preference over competition and word of mouth. While investors "baper" who suffered losses of shares experienced negative emotion mediated by regret and disappointment. Negative emotion has a significant negative effect on customer satisfaction, behavioral loyalty, attitudinal loyalty, preference over competition and word of mouth. Then, negative emotion has a significant positive effect on complaining.
Evaluating a Geovisualization Prototype with Two Approaches: Remote Instructional vs. Face-to-Face Exploratory

Two evaluations of a prototype designed to help expert users visualize key census statistics are conducted. The results yielded are compared in terms of usability issues, task completion (interaction) and ideation facilitated. Ways in which this information may be affected by the use of different data collection techniques, participants and tasks are considered. We report differences in the results of the evaluations in each of the three areas and suggest that flexible and non-disruptive methods be used to investigate whether geovisualization tools can support knowledge construction. We recommend using exploratory tasks, employing 'think aloud' strategies, requiring users to suggest and explain hypotheses and using screen capture to contextualise the data collected
Astrocyte-Mediated Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor Supplementation Restores GABAergic Interneurons and Corrects Reversal Learning Deficits in Mice

Many psychiatric and neurological disorders present persistent neuroanatomical abnormalities in multiple brain regions that may reflect a common origin for a developmental disturbance. In mammals, many of the local GABAergic inhibitory interneurons arise from a single subcortical source. Perturbations in the ontogeny of the GABAergic interneurons may be reflected in the adult by interneuron deficits in both frontal cerebral cortical and striatal regions. Disrupted GABAergic circuitry has been reported in patients with schizophrenia and frontal lobe epilepsy and may contribute to their associated impairments in behavioral flexibility. The present study demonstrates that one type of behavioral flexibility, reversal learning, is dependent upon proper numbers of GABAergic interneurons. Mice with abnormal interneuron ontogeny have reduced numbers of parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic local interneurons in the orbitofrontal cortical and striatal regions and impaired reversal leaning. Using a genetic approach, both the anatomical and functional deficiencies are restored with exogenous postnatal growth factor supplementation. These results show that GABAergic local circuitry is critical for modulating behavioral flexibility and that birth defects can be corrected by replenishing crucial growth factors.
A Study of Nominal Reduplication in Modern Hebrew

The purpose of this study on reduplication is a better understanding of templatic word formation in the nominal system of Modern Hebrew. Hebrew, as other Semitic languages, is known for its templatic word formation. In the traditional grammar templates are assumed both in the nominal and in the verbal system and determine the prosodic shape and the vocalic content of the word. Current research has focused mainly on the verbal system for the obvious reason that the verbal system is solely templatic, in the sense that there exists no verb form, and there cannot exist any verb form, which does not conform to some template (a cell in the paradigm of a specific Binyan). The nominal system was studied less attentively. The nominal system of Hebrew is not as homogenously templatic as the verbal system and there are in fact not many instances of clear templatic formation. The most conspicuous cases of templatic formation are the class of the Segolates (type melex ‘king’) and diminutive-formation via reduplication, to be discussed here. It should be noted, however, that instances of templatic formation can be found all over the nominal system, though they are mostly combined with suffixation (pakid pkid+ut ‘clerk ~ clerical work’). These instances were not studied systematically until now.
Arms Race, Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in India

This thesis aims to study the causes and effects of military expenditure on economic growth in India. Three aspects of this subject are concentrated which link well with the core stylised facts of the Indian defence effort and its developmental problems: the 'security dilemma' in terms of its relationship with its neighbour, Pakistan; the core factors that motivate the demand for defence; the economic impact of militarization and the effect of defence on development. First, the arms race between India and Pakistan is analyzed by using a Richardson action-reaction model and cointegration techniques. The empirical results provide robust evidence to support the existence of an enduring arms race between India and Pakistan, even after taking into account a structural break. Second, the results indicate that India's military expenditure is mainly determined by income, political status, the perceived threat from Pakistan and the external wars both in the long-run and in the short-run. Third, the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth is studied in India and in a broader context, i.e. in a cross-sectional and panel data study of 36 developing countries. The significant and negative effect of defence on economic growth is confirmed in both cases.
Adaptive spatial modulation for MIMO-OFDM

In this paper we propose and analyze an adaptive spatial modulation scheme for MIMO-OFDM systems which adaptively and optimally selects one of the following transmission modes: diversity, spatial multiplexing and a hybrid combination of these two modes. Two criterias are used for mode selection, namely, the minimum Euclidean distance and a simple threshold based stochastic method exploiting channel quality estimations. We consider practically implementable antenna configuration with four transmit antennas and two or four receive antennas. Simulation results show that considerable BER performance gains can be obtained by the adaptive spatial modulation system, as compared with systems based on fixed modulation schemes.
Accessing Tertiary Education and Experiences of Non-Commissioned Officers in the Military: A Gender Perspective of Selected Ndola Army Based Units

Globally, Access to tertiary education or higher education in different working environments has become a major gender source of concern. Available evidence indicates that the junior workforce, Abstract: The study was designed to explore and understand the lived experiences of the NonCommissioned officers in the Army in relation to accessing tertiary education in Ndola Based Army Units from a Gender perspective. The motivation behind this study was that despite measures put in place to promote tertiary education, it was not known how the levels of participation in tertiary education were in the military by the NCOs in relation to their respective sex. The objectives of the study were: (1). to assess the participation of the NCOs with regard to tertiary education in the Army, (2). to determine the causes of low participation in accessing tertiary education by the NCOs in the Army, and (3). to investigate the strategies put in place in accessing tertiary education by the NCOs in the Army. A mixed methods research design which combined qualitative and quantitative technique was used in this study. The target sample comprised of noncommissioned officers, the command, chief clerks and education warrant officers.
A MANET-centric solution for the application of NEMO in VANET using geographic routing

In this paper, we propose a novel solution for usage of the Network Mobility Basic Support protocol in vehicular ad hoc networks. The solution adopts geographical routing as a sub-IP ad hoc routing protocol and applies a standard NEMO Mobile Router on top. As a result, Internet access enhanced with IP mobility support is available via a multi-hop path towards an access point. Compared with other approaches, this solution allows for immediate adaptation of data routes to topology changes, as shown by the results of measurements conducted for high rate data traffic. The paper also analyzes the case of vehicular networks isolated from a network infrastructure and suggests basic strategies for the integrated support of connected and disconnected scenarios. Finally, selected items for further research in this area are suggested.
Uniqueness of ab initio shape determination in small-angle scattering

Scattering patterns from geometrical bodies with different shapes and anisometry (solid and hollow spheres, cylinders, prisms) are computed and the shapes are reconstructed ab initio using envelope function and bead modelling methods. A procedure is described to analyze multiple solutions provided by bead modeling methods and to estimate stability and reliability of the shape reconstruction. It is demonstrated that flat shapes are more difficult to restore than elongated ones and types of shapes are indicated, which require additional information for reliable shape reconsrtuction from the scattering data.
Genomic Organization of Two Novel Genes on Human Xq28: Compact Head to Head Arrangement ofIDHγ andTRAPδ Is Conserved in Rat and Mouse

: In this paper we present the entire genomic sequence as well as the cDNA sequence of two new human genes encoding the gamma subunit of the NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (H-IDH gamma) and the translocon-associated protein delta subunit (TRAP delta). These genes are located on region q28 of the human X chromosome, approximately 70 kb telomeric to the adrenoleukodystrophy locus (ALD). The sequences of the transcripts of both genes were obtained by searching the EST database with genomic data. Identified ESTs were completely sequenced and assembled to cDNAs comprising the entire coding region. For IDH gamma, several EST clones indicate differential splicing. IDH gamma and TRAP delta are arranged in a compact head to head manner. The nontranscribed intergenic region represents only 133 bp and is embedded in a CpG island. The CpG island obviously functions as a bidirectional promoter to initiate the transcription of both functionally unrelated genes with quite distinct expression patterns. This exceptional gene arrangement prompted us to clone and sequence genomic DNA fragments containing the homologous intergenic regions of rat and mouse. We show that in both species this area is similarly compact and represents less than 249 bp in rat and not more than 164 bp in mouse. In both cases this intergenic region is embedded in a CpG island and is highly conserved with nucleotide identity values ranging from 70.1% between human and rat to 92.6% between mouse and rat.
Robust Background Segmentation Using Background Models for Surveillance Application

Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) is a very typical method for background subtraction because it possesses a strong resistibility to repetitive background motion. However when it comes to complex environment, some unexpected situations occur, e.g., when illumination changes, gradually or quickly, segmentation is generated with a poor result. Moreover, this method is not capable of distinguishing shadows of moving objects. In this paper features of intensity and texture information are utilized to eliminate the shadow of moving objects. Integrated with modified Gaussian mixture models by redefining the update criterion, proposed algorithm is adapted to the flexible illumination environment. To validate that the proposed algorithm is robust to apply on surveillance system, we provide a metric with set of variables for evaluation, a comparison had been made between proposal and original GMM, results show the accuracy improvement of models using our updated algorithm. Averagely at least of 34.8% decrease of false alarm rate proves the quality of segmentation has been significantly enhanced and proposal is more competent and stable for outdoor surveillance applications.
Query-focused Summarization Based on Genetic Algorithm

This paper proposed a new method of query-focused multi-documents summarization based on genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm is used to extract the sentences to form a summary, and it is based on a fitness function formed by three factors. Experimental result shows that the proposed summarization method can improve the performance of summary, genetic algorithm is efficient.
A Novel Query Caching Scheme for Dynamic InfiniBand Subnets

In large InfiniBand subnets the Subnet Manager (SM) is a potential bottleneck. When an InfiniBand subnet grows in size, the number of paths between hosts increases polynomials and the SM may not be able to serve the network in a timely manner when many concurrent path resolution requests are received. This scalability challenge is further amplified in a dynamic virtualized cloud environment. When a Virtual Machine (VM) with InfiniBand interconnect live migrates, the VM addresses change. These address changes result in additional load to the SM as communicating peers send Subnet Administration (SA) path record queries to the SM to resolve new path characteristics. In this paper we benchmark OpenSM to empirically demonstrate the SM scalability problems. Then we show that our novel SA Path Record Query caching scheme significantly reduces the load towards the SM. In particular, we show by using the Reliable Datagram Socket protocol that only a single initial SA path query is needed per communicating peer, independent of any subsequent (re)connection attempts.
Toward the Design Quality Evaluation of Object-Oriented Software Systems

This paper presents some advances towards the quantitative evaluation of design attributes of object-oriented software systems. We believe that these attributes can express the quality of internal structure, thus being strongly correlated with quality characteristics like analyzability, changeability, stability and testabilility, which are important to software developers and maintainers. An OO design metrics set is reviewed, along with its rationale. An experiment for collection and analysis of those metrics is described and several suppositions regarding the design are evaluated. A considerable number of class taxonomies written in the C++ language were used as a sample. A tool to collect those metrics was built and used for that purpose. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the collected data. Results show that some design heuristics can be derived and used to help guide the design process. It was also clear that a number of follow-up topics deserve further research.
The Role of MIF in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Autoimmunity and chronic low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus type one (T1DM) and type two (T2DM), respectively. Both processes are orchestrated by inflammatory cytokines, including the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). To date, MIF has been implicated in both types of diabetes; therefore, understanding the role of MIF could affect our understanding of the autoimmune or inflammatory responses that influence diabetic pathology. This review highlights our current knowledge about the involvement of MIF in both types of diabetes in the clinical environment and in experimental disease models.