Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stability of a sand bed subjected to a shear flow of low Froude number

The problem of sand bed stability is formulated and solved for a model in which the local slope of the free surface is small relative to the slope of the perturbed lower boundary. The solution shows the bed to be unstable to perturbations of wavelength greater than the wavelengths for which the inertia of the sediment grains is important. Wave speeds and growth rates from numerical calculations are presented and compared with long- and short-wave asymptotic expressions. Although the fluctuating velocity field in the nonuniform flow is approximated by a constant eddy viscosity, a general picture of the relationship between the flow over a perturbed boundary and the observed geometrical and dynamical parameters of the resulting boundary waves can be developed. It is shown that the sand bed instability is due to local accelerations of a shear flow caused by the nonuniform boundary. If either the shear or the acceleration is eliminated from the analysis, the instability cannot be found. On the other hand, no wavelength is defined by such an analysis, and it is shown that the wavelength is determined by spatial adjustments in the turbulent velocity field.
Unifying Virtual and Physical Worlds

Event-based social networking services, such as Meetup, are capable of linking online virtual interactions to offline physical activities. Compared to mono online social networking services (e.g., Twitter and Google+), such dual networks provide a complete picture of users’ online and offline behaviors that more often than not are compatible and complementary. In the light of this, we argue that joint learning over dual networks offers us a better way to comprehensively understand user behaviors and their underlying organizational principles. Despite its value, few efforts have been dedicated to jointly considering the following factors within a unified model: (1) local user contextualization, (2) global structure coherence, and (3) effectiveness evaluation. Toward this end, we propose a novel dual clustering model for community detection over dual networks to jointly model local consistency for a specific user and global consistency of partitioning results across networks. We theoretically derived its solution. In addition, we verified our model regarding multiple metrics from different aspects and applied it to the application of event attendance prediction.
Impact of eastern Arctic shelf waters on the Nansen Basin intermediate layers

The Eurasian shelves supply water to the Nansen Basin intermediate layers in two ways: as buoyancy-driven plumes of dense winter water and as permanent inflow of the Barents Sea branch of Atlantic Water. While the plumes are local and seasonal phenomena, the Barents Sea flow is part of the large-scale circulation. Both interact with Atlantic Water, which enters the Arctic Ocean through Fram Strait and moves as a subsurface boundary current eastward along the continental slope. During the Polarstern cruise ARK IX/4 in summer 1993, the Fram Strait branch was observed as a narrow core within tens of kilometers of the Barents Sea shelf edge. Here, several patches of cold, low-salinity water spread across the slope down to about 500 m depth. Their origin is assumed to be the northern Barents Sea. They mix with the warm, saline Fram Strait branch water (FSBW), so that the core properties of the latter become modified downstream. In the eastern Nansen Basin the Fram Strait branch is displaced toward the inner basin by inflow of the Barents Sea Branch of Atlantic Water (BSBW). This inflow appears as a broad (200 km) wedge extending from 200 to 1300 m depth. BSBW is colder and less saline than water of the Fram Strait branch, and it is less dense and less stratified than the ambient water. Both branches appear to undergo vigorous mixing while spreading eastward, so that any eastward continuation of the boundary flow transports about 50% BSBW and 50% FSBW above 600 m and about 80% BSBW and 20% FSBW below that level toward the Canadian Basin. According to available observations, the Barents and Kara Seas are the only source areas for shelf waters ventilating the Nansen Basin below the halocline, and these waters constitute a freshwater input rather than a salt input. Winter shelf water from the Laptev Sea cannot contribute to layers deeper than the upper halocline.
Distributed k-core decomposition and maintenance in large dynamic graphs

Distributed processing of large, dynamic graphs has recently received considerable attention, especially in domains such as the analytics of social networks, web graphs and spatial networks. k-core decomposition is one of the significant figures of merit that can be analyzed in graphs. Efficient algorithms to compute k-cores exist already, both in centralized and decentralized setting. Yet, these algorithms have been designed for static graphs, without significant support to deal with the addition or removal of nodes and edges. Typically, this challenge is handled by re-executing the algorithm again on the updated graph. In this work, we propose distributed k-core decomposition and maintenance algorithms for large dynamic graphs. The proposed algorithms exploit, as much as possible, the topology of the graph to compute all the k-cores and maintain them in streaming settings where edge insertions and removals happen frequently. The key idea of the maintenance strategy is that whenever the original graph is updated by the insertion/deletion of one or more edges, only a limited number of nodes need their coreness to be re-evaluated. We present an implementation of the proposed approach on top of the AKKA framework, and experimentally show the efficiency of our approach in the case of large dynamic networks.
Adaptive Elastic Echo State Network for Multivariate Time Series Prediction

Echo state network (ESN) is a new kind of recurrent neural network with a randomly generated reservoir structure and an adaptable linear readout layer. It has been widely employed in the field of time series prediction. However, when high-dimensional reservoirs are utilized to predict multivariate time series, there may be a collinearity problem. In this paper, to overcome the collinearity problem and obtain a sparse solution, we propose a new model-adaptive elastic ESN, in which adaptive elastic net algorithm is used to calculate the unknown weights. It combines the strengths of the quadratic regularization and the adaptively weighted lasso shrinkage. Hence, the proposed model can deal with the collinearity problem and enjoy the oracle property with an unbiased estimation. We exhibit the merits of our model on two benchmark multivariate chaotic datasets and two real-world applications. Experimental results substantiate the effectiveness and characteristics of the proposed model.
Impact of adverse events on outcomes in intensive care unit patients*

Objective:To examine the association between predefined adverse events (AE) (including nosocomial infections) and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality, controlling for multiple adverse events in the same patient and confounding variables. Design:Prospective observational cohort study of the French OUTCOMEREA multicenter database. Setting:Twelve medical or surgical ICUs. Patients:Unselected patients hospitalized for ≥48 hrs enrolled between 1997 and 2003. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Of the 3,611 patients included, 1415 (39.2%) experienced one or more AEs and 821 (22.7%) had two or more AEs. Mean number of AEs per patient was 2.8 (range, 1–26). Six AEs were associated with death: primary or catheter-related bloodstream infection (BSI) (odds ratio [OR], 2.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–5.32), BSI from other sources (OR, 5.7; 95% CI, 2.66–12.05), nonbacteremic pneumonia (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.17–2.44), deep and organ/space surgical site infection without BSI (OR, 3; 95% CI, 1.3–6.8), pneumothorax (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.5–6.3), and gastrointestinal bleeding (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.4–4.9). The results were not changed when the analysis was confined to patients with mechanical ventilation on day 1, intermediate severity of illness (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II between 35 and 55), no treatment-limitation decisions, or no cardiac arrest in the ICU. Conclusions:AEs were common and often occurred in combination in individual patients. Several AEs independently contributed to death. Creating a safe ICU environment is a challenging task that deserves careful attention from ICU physicians.
Effects of acute normovolemic hemodilution on T2* ‐ weighted images of rat brain

Acute normovolemic hernodilution (HD) was induced in anesthetized rats to assess the effect of changes in hematocrit (Hct) on signal intensity in T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. Other relevant physiological parameters were maintained invariant. Two degrees of HD were induced: mild (Hct reduced from 42.6 ± 2.2% to 33.4 ± 2.1%) and moderate (Hct reduced from 44.6 ± 2.7% to 26.2 ± 1.7%). A two‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence was used to monitor signal changes with high temporal resolution before, during, and after HD protocols. The time course of signal intensity change was closely related to that of changes in Hct. Corresponding changes in R2* (ΔR2*) with respect to the pre‐HD state were calculated for the brain parenchyma. Average ΔR2* values of −0.24 ± 0.06 s−1 and −0.40 ± 0.07 s−1 were obtained for the mild and moderate HD groups, respectively, during the final 2 min of MR imaging (proximal to correlative measurements of Hct). MR measured ΔR2* values were in close agreement with the expected changes in R2* predicted from theory when the measured changes in Hct were used as independent variables. These data are in good agreement with the current understanding of the effects of changes in the intravascular concentration of deoxyhemoglobin on induced magnetic susceptibility and hold promise for quantitative measurement of brain oxygenation in vivo.
Identification of microRNAs and other small RNAs from the adult newt eye.

PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are capable of controlling gene expression by targeting complimentary sequences in many mRNAs. Thus, a small number of miRNAs are capable of regulating expression of many different genes. miRNAs have been found in all animals from Drosophila to human and they are highly conserved. This work was undertaken in order to identify such RNAs in the newt eye. METHODS Cloning of these RNAs was attempted after isolating and fractionating total RNA from the adult newt eye. A gel slice ranging from about 15 to 30 nucleotides in length was cut and the extracted RNA was cloned after several processes involving reverse transcription and linker addition. For expression analysis and verification during the process of lens regeneration we used as a probe mir-124a. RESULTS Several microRNAs, piRNAs and other small RNAS were identified. Some of them have eye specific gene targets in other species, but for many a function in the eye remains to be attributed. Expression of miR-124a showed an interesting regulation in the lens regeneration-competent dorsal iris. CONCLUSIONS The cloned miRNAs and other small RNAs are the first to be reported for this animal and might bear significance in regulating processes that are unique to the newt eye, i.e., regeneration of the lens and retina.
The angiotensin receptor blocker, Losartan, inhibits mammary tumor development and progression to invasive carcinoma

Drugs that target the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) have recently come into focus for their potential utility as cancer treatments. The use of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors (ACEIs) to manage hypertension in cancer patients is correlated with improved survival outcomes for renal, prostate, breast and small cell lung cancer. Previous studies demonstrate that the Angiotensin Receptor Type I (AT1R) is linked to breast cancer pathogenesis, with unbiased analysis of gene-expression studies identifying significant up-regulation of AGTR1, the gene encoding AT1R in ER+ve/HER2−ve tumors correlating with poor prognosis. However, there is no evidence, so far, of the functional contribution of AT1R to breast tumorigenesis. We explored the potential therapeutic benefit of ARB in a carcinogen-induced mouse model of breast cancer and clarified the mechanisms associated with its success. Mammary tumors were induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]antracene (DMBA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in female wild type mice and the effects of the ARB, Losartan treatment assessed in a preventative setting (n = 15 per group). Tumor histopathology was characterised by immunohistochemistry, real-time qPCR to detect gene expression signatures, and tumor cytokine levels measured with quantitative bioplex assays. AT1R was detected with radiolabelled ligand binding assays in fresh frozen tumor samples. We showed that therapeutic inhibition of AT1R, with Losartan, resulted in a significant reduction in tumor burden; and no mammary tumor incidence in 20% of animals. We observed a significant reduction in tumor progression from DCIS to invasive cancer with Losartan treatment. This was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and a significant reduction in IL-6, pSTAT3 and TNFα levels. Analysis of tumor immune cell infiltrates, however, demonstrated no significant differences in the recruitment of lymphocytes or tumour-associated macrophages in Losartan or vehicle-treated mammary tumors. Analysis of AT1R expression with radiolabelled ligand binding assays in human breast cancer biopsies showed high AT1R levels in 30% of invasive ductal carcinomas analysed. Furthermore, analysis of the TCGA database identified that high AT1R expression to be associated with luminal breast cancer subtype. Our in vivo data and analysis of human invasive ductal carcinoma samples identify the AT1R is a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer, with the availability of a range of well-tolerated inhibitors currently used in clinics. We describe a novel signalling pathway critical in breast tumorigenesis, that may provide new therapeutic avenues to complement current treatments.
Estimating oceanic turbulence dissipation from seismic images

AbstractSeismic images of oceanic thermohaline finestructure record vertical displacements from internal waves and turbulence over large sections at unprecedented horizontal resolution. Where reflections follow isopycnals, their displacements can be used to estimate levels of turbulence dissipation, by applying the Klymak–Moum slope spectrum method. However, many issues must be considered when using seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation, especially sources of random and harmonic noise. This study examines the utility of seismic images for estimating turbulence dissipation in the ocean, using synthetic modeling and data from two field surveys, from the South China Sea and the eastern Pacific Ocean, including the first comparison of turbulence estimates from seismic images and from vertical shear. Realistic synthetic models that mimic the spectral characteristics of internal waves and turbulence show that reflector slope spectra accurately reproduce isopycnal slope spectra out to horizontal w.
Myodocopid Ostracoda of Pillar Point Harbor, Half Moon Bay, California

Kornicker, Louis S. , and Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson. Myodocopid Ostracoda of Pillar Point Harbor, Half Moon Bay, California. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 593, 53 pages, 28 figures, 6 tables, 1997. —Pillar Point Harbor, a small harbor formed in 1961 by construction of a breakwater in Half Moon Bay, California, in 1975 contained five species of benthic myodocopid Ostracoda. Analysis of the environment suggests that the distribution of individual species may, in part, have been affected by the substrate. Two new species, Rutiderma apex and Euphilomedes morini, are described and illustrated, and supplementary descriptions are provided for Euphilomedes carcharodonta (Smith, 1952) and Postasterope barnesi (Baker, 1978). The ontogenies of both species of Euphilomedes are described, and it is shown that juveniles of E. morini are capable of swimming, whereas those of E. carcharodonta are not. The abundance of the ostracodes in Pillar Point Harbor was greater than in many other continental bays for which abundances are known. Commensal protistans colonized carapaces of both species of Euphilomedes but not other species in the harbor. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Annals of the Smithsonian Institution. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komicker, Louis S. , 1919Myodocopid Ostracoda of Pillar Point Harbor, Half Moon Bay, California / Louis S. Komicker and Elizabeth Harrison-Nelson. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 593) Includes bibliographical references (p. 51). I. Myodocopida—California—Half Moon Bay. 1.1Harrison-Nelson, Elizabeth. II. Title. III. Series. QL1 . S54 no. 593 [QL444.O85] 590s-dc21 [595.3'3] 97-27398 @ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.
Acetylcholine measured at short time intervals during transmission of nerve impulses in the electric organ of Torpedo

1. The amounts of total acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP, and of vesicle‐bound ACh were measured at short time intervals in the electrogenic tissue of Torpedo marmorata. The aim of this study is to approach with biochemical analysis the speed of electrophysiological phenomena.
Cross-bedding dip as a measure of sandstone compaction

ABSTRACT The difference between the present dip of cross-beds, corrected for structural tilt, and the dip at the time of deposition provide a measure of sandstone compaction. Present cross-bedding dips in the Navajo sandstone by Kiersch suggest a most likely compaction of about 24 percent of the upper unit and about 27 percent of the lower unit.
A Diffusion Approach to Network Localization

The localization of nodes on a network is a challenging research topic. It arises in a variety of applications such as communications and sensor network analysis. We propose a computational approach to recovering the positions of network nodes given partial and corrupted distance measurements, and the positions of a small subset of anchor nodes. First, we show how to derive geometrically adaptive diffusion bases defined over the entire network, given only partial distance measurements. Second, we propose to utilize several diffusion bases simultaneously to derive multiscale diffusion frames. Last, we utilize the diffusion frames to formulate a L1 regression based extension of the anchor points coordinates to the entire network. We experimentally show that under a wide range of conditions our method compares favorably with state-of-the-art approaches.
Test selection from UML Statecharts

UML is a third-generation state-of-the-art object modeling language that supports object-oriented software requirements and design. Software requirements and design are very important which must be validated and verified before implementation. Testing is one of the best ways to do so. This paper considers the method for testing UML Statecharts. Statechart is an important formalism to model the dynamics of the system. However, so far, the testing problems in Statecharts have been investigated in the context of structural programming. In this paper, the method presented, which is based on the Wp-method, can automatically generate and select test cases from UML Statecharts in the context of object orientation, which will detect errors early on to improve software quality.
Visualization of nonlinear effects in reflecting internal wave beams

Recent theoretical and numerical investigations predict that localized nonlinear effects in the overlapping region of an incoming and reflected internal wave beam can radiate higher-harmonic beams. We present the first set of experimental visualizations, obtained using the digital Schlieren method, that confirm the existence of radiated higher-harmonic beams. For arrangements in which the angle of propagation of the second harmonic exceeds the slope angle, radiated beams are visualized. When the propagation angle of the second harmonic deceeds the slope angle no radiated beams are detected, as the associated density gradient perturbations are too weak for the experimental method. The case of a critical slope is also reported.
Gene therapy of cystic fibrosis lung disease using E1 deleted adenoviruses: a phase I trial.

I. Abstract Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defective ion transport across various epithelia. Multiple organ systems are affected in this disease; however, the pulmonary complications are the most morbid and life limiting. The primary defect in the lung appears to be abnormal mucociliary clearance. Isolation of the gene responsible for CF in 1989 provided impetus for the development of new therapies based on gene therapy. We propose in this protocol a phase I trial to assess the safety and feasibility of treating CF pulmonary disease by directly delivering CFTR-expressing, replication-defective adenoviruses to the airway. The rationale for this human protocol was based on extensive preclinical studies in a variety of animal models including human CF airway xenografts and nonhuman primates. In this protocol, 20 CF patients will be treated with CFTR-expressing virus and followed for a) evidence of CFTR gene transfer and expression, b) immunological responses to CFTR or aden.
Buoyancy Effects in a Stratified Ekman Layer

Abstract The K-profile parameterization scheme is used to investigate the stratified Ekman layer in a “fair weather” regime of weak mean surface heating, persistently stable density stratification, diurnal solar cycle, and broadband fluctuations in the surface stress and buoyancy flux. In the case of steady forcing, the boundary layer depth typically scales as h ∼ u*/Nf, where u* is the friction velocity, f is the Coriolis frequency, and N is the interior buoyancy frequency that confirms empirical fits. The diurnal cycle of solar forcing acts to deepen the boundary layer because of net interior absorption and compensating surface cooling. Parameterized mesoscale and submesoscale eddy-induced restratification flux compresses the boundary layer. With transient forcing, the mean boundary layer profiles are altered; that is, rectification occurs with a variety of causes and manifestations, including changes in h and in the Ekman profile u(z). Overall, stress fluctuations tend to deepen the mean boundary layer.
Using Hierarchical EM to Extract Planes from 3D Range Scans

Recently, the acquisition of three-dimensional maps has become more and more popular. This is motivated by the fact that robots act in the three-dimensional world and several tasks such as path planning or localizing objects can be carried out more reliable using three-dimensional representations. In this paper we consider the problem of extracting planes from three-dimensional range data. In contrast to previous approaches our algorithm uses a hierarchical variant of the popular Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm [1] to simultaneously learn the main directions of the planar structures. These main directions are then used to correct the position and orientation of planes. In practical experiments carried out with real data and in simulations we demonstrate that our algorithm can accurately extract planes and their orientation from range data.