Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Techno-economic feasibility study of a methanol plant using carbon dioxide and hydrogen

In 2015, more than 80% of energy consumption was based on fossil resources. Growing population especially in developing countries fuel the trend in global energy consumption. This constant increase however leads to climate change caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG, especially CO2 mitigation is one of the top priority challenges in the EU. Amongst the solutions to mitigate future emissions, carbon capture and utilization (CCU) is gaining interest. CO2 is a valuable, abundant and renewable carbon source that can be converted into fuels and chemicals. Methanol (MeOH) is one of the chemicals that can be produced from CO2. It is considered a basic compound in chemical industry as it can be utilised in a versatility of processes. These arguments make methanol and its production from CO2 a current, intriguing topic in climate change mitigation. In this master’s thesis first the applications, production, global demand and market price of methanol were investigated. In the second part of the thesis, a methanol plant producing chemical grade methanol was simulated in Aspen Plus. The studied plants have three different annual capacities: 10 kt/a, 50 kt/a and 250 kt/a. They were compared with the option of buying the CO2 or capturing it directly from flue gases through a carbon capture (CC) unit attached to the methanol plant. The kinetic model considering both CO and CO2 as sources of carbon for methanol formation was described thoroughly, and the main considerations and parameters were introduced for the simulation. The simulation successfully achieved chemical grade methanol production, with a high overall CO2 conversion rate and close to stoichiometric raw material utilization. Heat exchanger network was optimized in Aspen Energy Analyzer which achieved a total of 75% heat duty saving. The estimated levelised cost of methanol (LCOMeOH) ranges between 1130 and 630 €/t which is significantly higher than the current listed market price for fossil methanol at 419 €/t. This high LCOMeOH is mostly due to the high production cost of hydrogen, which corresponds to 72% of LCOMeOH. It was revealed that selling the oxygen by-product from water electrolysis had the most significant effect, reducing the LCOMeOH to 475 €/t. Cost of electricity also has a significant influence on the LCOMeOH, and for a 10 €/MWh change the LCOMeOH changed by 110 €/t. Finally, the estimated LCOMeOH was least sensitive for the change in cost of CO2. When comparing owning a CC plant with purchasing CO2, it was revealed that purchasing option is only beneficial for smaller plants.
Nutrient Requirements Valine May Be the First Limiting Branched-Chain Amino Acid in Egg Protein in Men 1 , 2

Recently, we defined an estimate for total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) using the indicator amino acid oxidation technique in men fed the three BCAA (leucine, isoleucine and valine) in the proportion present in egg protein. Although egg protein is regarded as a high quality dietary protein source, it is not known whether the proportions of the three BCAA are optimal. Five men with known total BCAA requirements were restudied. Each men was studied with isoleucine, leucine or valine held constant at that individual’s requirement level while the intake of the other two BCAA was reduced; one BCAA was held constant and the intake of the other two was reduced by 10 and 20% in random order. The label appearance from the oxidation of L-[C]-phenylalanine to CO2 (F CO2) in breath was monitored in response to the change in amino acid intake. When either isoleucine or leucine was held constant, and the other two BCAA reduced by 20% (valine and leucine, or valine and isoleucine, respectively) FCO2 increased (P 0.007, P 0.038, respectively). We conclude that valine may be the first limiting BCAA in egg protein. J. Nutr. 133: 3533–3539, 2003.
Pain Thresholds and Tenderness in Neck and Head Following Acute Whiplash Injury: A Prospective Study

Objective of the investigation: In a 6-month prospective study of 141 consecutive acute whiplash-injured participants, and 40 acute, ankle-injured controls, pain and tenderness in the neck/head, and at a distant control site, were measured. Basic procedures: Muscle palpation and pressure algometry in five head/neck muscle-pairs were performed after 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months after injury. Algometry was performed at a distant control site. Main findings: Whiplash-injured patients had lowered pressure-pain-detection thresholds and higher palpation-score initially in the neck/head, but the groups were similar after 6 months, and the control site was not sensitized. Principal conclusion: Focal, but not generalized, sensitization to musculoskeletal structure is present until 3 months, but not 6 months, after whiplash injury, and probably does not play a major role in the development of late whiplash syndrome. Pressure algometry and palpation are useful clinical tools in the evaluation of neck and jaw pain in acute whiplash injury.
Child Neglect and Impact on Child Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Implications for Child Psychologists

: This paper was a systematic review that discussed the impact of child neglect on child mental health and highlighted the implications of these on the practice of child psychology. Theoretical knowledge was drawn from theories of parenting and health models, and a secondary data collection method was done using online access to empirical studies. The major observations from literature showed that the global prevalence of child neglect was relatively high across different cultures. The major causes of child neglect were highlighted to be unplanned pregnancy of child, socio-economic status of caregiver, personality of caregiver, educational qualification of caregiver, style of parenting adopted by the caregiver and strength of parent-child relationship between parent/caregiver and child. The major informants of child neglect were identified to be people close to the victim such as a neighbor or a peer. Lastly, the major impacts of child neglect on the mental health of children were suicidal risks, criminal tendencies/deviance behaviors, depression, anxiety disorders, poor academic grades, lower IQ, difficulty forming and sustaining healthy social relationships with others and feelings of isolation. Consequently, the discussion, implication of findings for child psychologists, limitation of study and recommendations were thus presented in this paper.
A Scheme for the Automatic Inference of Variable Types

In this paper an algonthra for the determination of run-tune types m a programming language requiring no type declaratmns is presented It ~s demonstrated that this algorithm is superior to other pubhshed algortthms m the sense that it produces stronger assertions about the set of possible types for variables than do other known algorithms. In fact this algonthra is shown to be the best possible algorithm from among all those that use the same set of prumttve operators.
Transactional Memory for Fault-Tolerant Systems

We present a new approach for building fault-tolerant distributed systems based on distributed transactional memory. Current practice for developing distributed systems using message passing requires developers to manually write code to recover from machine failures. Experience has shown that designing fault-tolerant distributed systems using these techniques is difficult. It has therefore largely been relegated to experts in the domain of fault-tolerant systems. We present a new fault-tolerant distributed transactional memory system designed to simplify the development of fault-tolerant distributed applications. Our system provides a powerful set of building blocks that relieve the developer from the burden of implementing the failure-prone, low-level aspects of fault-tolerance. Our approach in many cases provides fault-tolerance without any developer effort and in other cases only requires that the developer writes the relatively straightforward, application-specific recovery code. We have used our system to build five fault-tolerant applications: a distributed spam filter, a distributed web crawler, a distributed file system, a distributed multiplayer game, and a distributed computational kernel. Our results indicate that each application effectively recovers from machine failures.
Lossless Huffman coding image compression implementation in spatial domain by using advanced enhancement techniques

Images are basic source of information for almost all scenarios that degrades its quality both in visually and quantitatively way. Now-a-days, image compression is one of the demanding and vast researches because high Quality image requires larger bandwidth. Raw images need larger memory space. In this paper, read an image of equal dimensional size (width and length) from MATLAB. Initialize and extract M-dimensional vectors or blocks from that image. However, initialize and design a code-book of size N for the compression. Quantize that image by using Huffman coding Algorithm to design a decode with table-lookup for reconstructing compressed image of different 8 scenarios. In this paper, several enhancement techniques were used for lossless Huffman coding in spatial domain such as Laplacian of Gaussian filter. Use laplacian of Gaussian filter to detect edges of lossless Huffman coding best quality compressed image(scenario#8) of block size of 16 and codebook size of 50. Implement the other enhancement techniques such as pseudo-coloring, bilateral filtering, and water marking for the lossless Huffman coding c based on best quality compressed image. Evaluate and analyze the performance metrics (compression ratio, bit-rate, PSNR, MSE and SNR) for reconstructed compress image with different scenarios depending on size of block and code-book. Once finally, check the execution time, how fast it computes that compressed image in one of the best scenarios. The main aim of Lossless Huffman coding using block and codebook size for image compression is to convert the image to a form better that is suited for analysis to human.
A Novel Design and Implementation of Dos-Resistant Authentication and Seamless Handoff Scheme for Enterprise WLANs

With the advance of wireless access technologies, the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) has gained significant increase in popularity and deployment due to the substantially improved transmission rate and decreased deployment costs. However, this same widespread deployment makes WLANs an attractive target for network attacks. Several vulnerabilities have been identified and reported regarding the security of the current 802.11 standards. To address those security weaknesses, IEEE standard committees proposed the 802.11i amendment to enhance WLAN security. The 802.11i standard has demonstrated the capability of providing satisfactory mutual authentication, better data confidentiality, and key management support, however, the design of 802.11i does not consider network availability. Thus 802.11i is highly susceptible to malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, which exploit the vulnerability of unprotected management frames. This paper proposes, tests and evaluates a combination of three novel methods by which the exploitation of 802.11i by DoS attacks can be improved. These three methods include an access point nonce dialogue scheme, a fast access point transition protocol handoff scheme and a location management based selective scanning scheme. This combination is of particular value to real-time users running time-dependant applications such as VoIP. In order to acquire practical data to evaluate the proposed schemes, a prototype network has been implemented as an experimental testbed using open source tools and drivers. This testbed allows practical data to be collected and analysed. The result demonstrates that not only the proposed authentication scheme eradicates most of the DoS vulnerabilities, but also substantially improved the handoff performance to a level suitable for supporting real-time services.
Electrodeposited and Sol-gel Precipitated p-type SrTi1-xFexO3-δ Semiconductors for Gas Sensing

In the present contribution, three methods for the preparation of nanoscaled SrTi1-xFexO3-δ sensor films for hydrocarbon sensing were investigated. Besides screen-printed thick films based on sol-precipitated nanopowders, two novel synthesis methods, electrospinning and electrospraying, were tested successfully. All of these sensor devices showed improved sensor functionality in comparison to conventional microscaled thick films. In order to explain the impact of the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio on sensor properties in a quantitative way, a mechanistic model was applied to micro- and nanoscaled devices. In contrast to the conventional diffusion-reaction model that has been proposed for n-type semiconducting sensors, it contained novel approaches with respect to the microscopic mechanism. With very few fit variables, the present model was found to represent well sensor functionality of p-type conducting SrTi0.8Fe0. 2O3-δ films. In addition to the temperature dependency of the sensor response, the effect of the specific surface area on the sensor response was predicted.
Fractional Differencing Modeling and Forecasting of Eurocurrency Deposit Rates

Using the spectral regression method, we test for long-term stochastic memory in three- and six-month daily returns series of Eurocurrency deposits denominated in major currencies. Significant evidence of positive long-term dependence is found in several Eurocurrency returns series. Compared with benchmark linear models, the estimate fractional models result in dramatic out-of-sample forecasting improvements over longer horizons for the Eurocurrency deposits denominated in German marks, Swiss francs, and Japanese yen.
Research Progress of Combined Application of Sol-Gel and Electrochemistry

There were many advantages for functional materials production using Sol-gel method, such as low operating temperature and easy doping. So, it was widely used in materials preparation, such as nano powders, films, functional glass, nanoceramic and modified electrode. The sol-gel modified electrode has extensive application in electrochemical analysis and electrochemical sensors. In addition, the film by electrodeposition can be tightly assembled on electrode substrate and its structure and shape can be easily regulated. So, The two methods are combined to make better use of their respective advantages. Up to now, the film materials using electrochemically induced sol-gel had been used in electrochemistry analysis and functional films preparation. In this paper, it was summarized that the progress of combined application of sol-gel and electrochemistry. Mainly including sol-gel materials, modified electrodes, electrochemical analysis and sensors, and electrochemical induction sol-gel method for the preparation of thin film materials.
Ultrafast electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy

In the quest for dynamic multimodal probing of a material’s structure and functionality, it is critical to be able to quantify the chemical state on the atomic-/nanoscale using element-specific electronic and structurally sensitive tools such as electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Ultrafast EELS, with combined energy, time, and spatial resolution in a transmission electron microscope, has recently enabled transformative studies of photoexcited nanostructure evolution and mapping of evanescent electromagnetic fields. This article aims to describe state-of-the-art experimental techniques in this emerging field and its major uses and future applications.
Comprehensive identification of cell cycle-regulated genes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by microarray hybridization.

We sought to create a comprehensive catalog of yeast genes whose transcript levels vary periodically within the cell cycle. To this end, we used DNA microarrays and samples from yeast cultures synchronized by three independent methods: alpha factor arrest, elutriation, and arrest of a cdc15 temperature-sensitive mutant. Using periodicity and correlation algorithms, we identified 800 genes that meet an objective minimum criterion for cell cycle regulation. In separate experiments, designed to examine the effects of inducing either the G1 cyclin Cln3p or the B-type cyclin Clb2p, we found that the mRNA levels of more than half of these 800 genes respond to one or both of these cyclins. Furthermore, we analyzed our set of cell cycle-regulated genes for known and new promoter elements and show that several known elements (or variations thereof) contain information predictive of cell cycle regulation. A full description and complete data sets are available at http://cellcycle-www.stanford. edu
ImmunityTissues in Antigen-Specific Intestinal IgA Role of Gut-Associated Lymphoreticular

This study assessed the roles of the postnatal lymphotoxin- (cid:1) receptor (LT (cid:1) R)-mediated signals in the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissues of mice for subsequent regulation of Ag-speciﬁc intestinal IgA responses. Blockade of LT (cid:1) R-dependent events by postnatal administration of the fusion protein of LT (cid:1) R and IgG Fc (LT (cid:1) R-Ig) reduced both the size and numbers of Peyer’s patches (PP) without inﬂuencing the PP microarchitecture. Interestingly, inhibition of LT (cid:1) R-dependent signaling revealed signiﬁcant reductions in the formation of follicular dendritic cell clusters in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Furthermore, these postnatal signaling events controlled the development of isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) because treatment with LT (cid:1) R-Ig elim-inated the formation of ILF. LT (cid:1) R-Ig-treated mice with altered microarchitecture of MLN and lacking ILF were still able to produce signiﬁcant Ag-speciﬁc mucosal IgA responses after oral immunization; however, the levels were signiﬁcantly lower than those seen in control mice. These results imply the importance of ILF for Ag-speciﬁc intestinal immunity. However, mice treated with both TNFR55-Ig and LT (cid:1) R-Ig in utero, which lack PP and MLN, but retain intact ILF, failed to induce Ag-speciﬁc IgA responses after oral immunization. These ﬁndings demonstrate that ILF are not essential for induction of intestinal IgA Ab responses to orally administered Ag. Furthermore, the induction Pharmacokinetic that t 1/2
Early Curative Applications of the Aminoglycoside WR279396 on an Experimental Leishmania major-Loaded Cutaneous Site Do Not Impair the Acquisition of Immunity

ABSTRACT Topical therapy is an attractive approach for the treatment of Leishmaniamajor cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). WR279396, an expanded-spectrum aminoglycoside ointment, is now in phase 3 trials. Because the application of a cream is easier than the injection of pentavalent antimony, many patients with CL will likely be treated with WR279396 soon after the onset of a lesion. However, this new therapeutic approach may impair the acquisition of immunity. We evaluated the impact of early topical therapy on acquired immunity in an optimized mouse model of L. major-induced CL. The efficacy of the WR279396 ointment in this model has been established previously. Acquired immunity was defined as the absence of lesions upon reinoculation of the same parasite isolate at a different skin site. Bioluminescence-based follow-up of luciferase-expressing L. major loads was also performed. In this model, the control of L. major loads at the initial inoculation site and the acquisition of immunity are simultaneous (day 22 postinoculation). The clinical and parasitological efficacies of WR279396 applied as early as day 11 postinoculation, i.e., during the L. major multiplication phase, did not impair the acquisition of immunity to a second L. major challenge. This is reassuring from the perspective of the wide deployment of WR279396-based therapy in foci where L. major is endemic.
Nursing staff and nursing students' attitudes towards HIV-infected and homosexual HIV-infected patients in Sweden and the wish to refrain from nursing.

BACKGROUND Two decades after the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the infection remains enigmatic and shameful. In Sweden, many HIV-infected persons still encounter attitudes of avoidance. AIMS The aims were to investigate differences between attitudes of nurses, assistant nurses, nursing students and assistant nursing students towards HIV-infected and homosexual HIV-infected patients; to measure their fear of contracting HIV; and to investigate whether nurses, assistant nurses, nursing students and assistant nursing students wanted to refrain from caring for HIV-infected patients. ETHICAL ISSUES The participants were informed of the study orally and in writing. Completing and returning the anonymous questionnaires indicated the participants' tacit consent. RESEARCH METHOD The study had a descriptive, comparative quantitative design. The AIDS Attitude Scale was used, along with a questionnaire specially designed for the study. The participants were nurses and assistant nurses from one infectious disease clinic in central Sweden [response rate was 67% (n = 57)]. Students enrolled in a university nursing programme and students of upper secondary assistant nurses' training [response rate was 62% (n = 165)] were also included. FINDINGS In general, both the nursing staff and the nursing students expressed empathic attitudes towards HIV-infected and homosexual HIV-infected patients, as well as a low degree of fear of HIV contagion. The findings also showed, in the professional groups, that 36% would refrain from caring for HIV-infected patients if that possibility existed. The corresponding figure for the student groups was 26%. LIMITATIONS The chosen sample was small and not randomly selected therefore precludes a generalization in a wider context. Furthermore, the questionnaire was untested for reliability and validity, and may have influenced the findings with respect to the wish to refrain from nursing HIV-infected patients. CONCLUSION Suggested guidelines for nursing, mentor-ship by AIDS-dedicated nurses, and educational interventions, are given in 'Implications for nursing and nursing education'.