Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth and gain enhancement of LTCC 60-GHz patch antenna by using AMC structure

ABSTRACT This study presents 60-GHz patch antennas backed by artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) arrays for bandwidth and gain enhancement. Low-temperature cofired ceramic technology was adopted for antenna fabrication. Three patch antennas implemented with different AMC configurations were simulated and compared. The patch-shaped AMC was selected for final antenna fabrication because of its superior performance. The proposed antenna provided a measured impedance bandwidth of 50.2 − 68 GHz or an equivalent fractional bandwidth of 30.3%. The measured maximum gain was 7.8 dBi at 63 GHz.
Functional Evidence for the Critical Amino-Terminal Conserved Domain and Key Amino Acids of Arabidopsis 4-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUT-2-ENYL DIPHOSPHATE REDUCTASE1[W][OPEN]

Key residues near the N-terminus and around the central active site are critical for the function of Arabidopsis 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase. The plant 4-HYDROXY-3-METHYLBUT-2-ENYL DIPHOSPHATE REDUCTASE (HDR) catalyzes the last step of the methylerythritol phosphate pathway to synthesize isopentenyl diphosphate and its allyl isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate, which are common precursors for the synthesis of plastid isoprenoids. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genomic HDR transgene-induced gene-silencing lines are albino, variegated, or pale green, confirming that HDR is essential for plants. We used Escherichia coli isoprenoid synthesis H (Protein Data Bank code 3F7T) as a template for homology modeling to identify key amino acids of Arabidopsis HDR. The predicted model reveals that cysteine (Cys)-122, Cys-213, and Cys-350 are involved in iron-sulfur cluster formation and that histidine (His)-152, His-241, glutamate (Glu)-242, Glu-243, threonine (Thr)-244, Thr-312, serine-379, and asparagine-381 are related to substrate binding or catalysis. Glu-242 and Thr-244 are conserved only in cyanobacteria, green algae, and land plants, whereas the other key amino acids are absolutely conserved from bacteria to plants. We used site-directed mutagenesis and complementation assay to confirm that these amino acids, except His-152 and His-241, were critical for Arabidopsis HDR function. Furthermore, the Arabidopsis HDR contains an extra amino-terminal domain following the transit peptide that is highly conserved from cyanobacteria, and green algae to land plants but not existing in the other bacteria. We demonstrated that the amino-terminal conserved domain was essential for Arabidopsis and cyanobacterial HDR function. Further analysis of conserved amino acids in the amino-terminal conserved domain revealed that the tyrosine-72 residue was critical for Arabidopsis HDR. These results suggest that the structure and reaction mechanism of HDR evolution have become specific for oxygen-evolving photosynthesis organisms and that HDR probably evolved independently in cyanobacteria versus other prokaryotes.
Electrophysiological properties of cat reticular thalamic neurones in vivo.

1. The electrophysiological properties of neurones of the reticular thalamic (RE) nucleus were studied in acutely prepared cats under urethane anaesthesia. 2. Two main types of neuronal firing were recorded. At the resting membrane potential (‐60 to ‐65 mV) tonic repetitive firing was elicited when the cell was activated synaptically or by current injection. From membrane potentials more negative than ‐75 mV, synaptic or direct stimulation generated a burst of action potentials. 3. The burst of RE cells consisted of a discharge of four to eight spikes riding on a slowly growing and decaying depolarization. The discharge rate during the burst showed a characteristic increase, followed by a decrease in frequency. 4. The burst response behaved as a graded phenomenon, as its magnitude was modulated by changing the intensity of the synaptic volley or the intensity of the injected current. 5. Spike‐like small potentials presumably of dendritic origin occurred spontaneously and were triggered by synaptic or direct stimulation. They were all‐or‐none, voltage‐dependent events. We postulate that these spikes originate in several hot spots in the dendritic arbor, with no reciprocal refractoriness and may generate multi‐component depolarizations at the somatic level. 6. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by internal capsule stimulation consisted of two components, the late one being blocked by hyperpolarization. Such compound EPSPs were followed by a period of decreased excitability during which a second response was diminished in amplitude. 7. A series of depolarizing waves at the frequency range of spindle oscillations was triggered by internal capsule stimulation. The individual depolarizing waves constituting the spindle oscillation gradually decreased in amplitude when decreasing the intensity of the stimulation. 8. These results, showing that RE cells are endowed with an excitable dendritic tree and a graded bursting behaviour, support the proposed role of RE nucleus as the generator and synchronizer of spindle rhythmicity.
Numerical approximations in variational problems with potential wells

In this paper, some numerical aspects of variational problems which fail to be convex are studied. It is well known that for such a problem, in general, the infimum of the energy (the functional that has to be minimized) fails to be attained. Instead, minimizing sequences develop oscillations which allow them to decrease the energy.It is shown that there exists a minimizes for an approximation of the problem and the oscillations in the minimizing sequence are analyzed. It is also shown that these minimizing sequences choose their gradients in the vicinity of the wells with a probability which tends to be constant. An estimate of the approximate deformation as it approximates a measure and some numerical results are also given.
The impact of a novel herbal Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris on primary dysmenorrhea in comparison to the classical chemical Ibuprofen

Objective: Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful cramps during menstruation with no pelvic pathology. Due to the adverse effects of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are considered as the most common pharmacological treatment for this disorder. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris compared to that of Ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea. Materials and Methods: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial was conducted amongst 120 female students ofIlam University of Medical Sciences, aged 18-25 years who suffered from primary dysmenorrhea. The participants were randomly divided into two groups; one received the herbal and the other classical treatments. The herbal group received 5 ml of the Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris medication that commercially called BronchoT.D, orally four times a day. The classic group received Ibuprofen orally three times a day. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to record pain severity. Results: Pain severity was reduced in both herbal and classic groups with no significant differences. Pain duration at the first and second month of treatment was also similar between two groups. Conclusions: Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris decreased dysmenorrhea symptoms, which might be attributed to its antispasmodic effects. The herbal Shirazi Thymus Vulgaris can be recommended as an effective medication fortreatment of the primary dysmenorrhea disorder.
Pattern classification based on the combination of the selected sources of evidence

In the complex pattern classification problem, the fusion of multiple classification results produced by different attributes is able to efficiently improve the accuracy. Evidence theory is good at representing and combining the uncertain information, and it is employed here. Each attribute (set) can be considered as one source of evidence (information). In some applications, the observation of target attributes can be costly, and some unreliable information sources may harm the fusion result. Therefore, we want to use as few as possible sources of information with high quality to achieve the admissible classification accuracy. So we propose a new fusion method based on the adaptive selection of the information sources for pattern classification. For each pattern, the attribute (set) producing the highest accuracy among the various ones will be chosen to classify the pattern at first. If the reliability of classification result, which is evaluated by the K-nearest neighbors (K-NN) technique using training data, cannot satisfy the request, the next attribute source will be chosen according to its classification performance on the selected neighborhoods of the object. In the fusion, the classification results corresponding to different attributes are assigned different weights because of their different classification abilities, and the weighted evidence combination method is adopted to produce the best possible classification performance. Several real data sets from UCI have been used for the evaluation of the proposed method by comparison with other related fusion methods, and it shows that our new method can produce higher accuracy with smaller number of information sources than the other fusion methods which are directly used to combine all the sources of information.
Ultrastructural changes in the surface layers of the newt's egg in relation to the mechanism of its cleavage.

The surface and cortical layers of an uncleaved newt egg have a characteristic ultrastructure which remains unaltered during cleavage; ultrastructural changes are confined to the region of the furrow. At the onset of cleavage there is a dipping inwards of the rough heavily pigmented animal surface to form a groove. Along the bottom of the groove the surface irregularities are reduced and a dense band (0.1 µm thick and 16 µm wide) is formed immediately below the plasma membrane. Within this band there are parallel filaments, 8-10 nm in diameter, oriented in the direction of the future furrow. No structural modifications were observed below the cortical layers of the leading part of the furrow apart from accumulations of granules and the mid-bodies of the spindle remnant. It is proposed that the dipping-in of the groove is due to contraction within the filamentous band, rather than contraction in a sheet of subcortical gel as proposed previously. The filamentous band persists below the furrow during the later stages of cleavage. The new unpigmented surface first forms as a strip across the animal surface and begins to grow at the bottom of the groove. Over most of its area, it is much smoother than the pigmented surface and has less material on the outside of the plasma membrane. There are microvilli along the bottom of the groove. The join between the new unpigmented and the old pigmented surface is abrupt. As the new unpigmented surface grows in extent, a narrow furrow forms below the lowest part of the groove and progresses towards the vegetal surface. For most of its length the furrow is between 10-nm and 0.5 µm wide, but at its leading edge it is 2 µ wide with microvilli on its surface and 10-nm filaments below the plasma membrane. It is concluded that the progressive formation of the furrow is due to active growth of new unpigmented cell surface. At late cleavage a ridge 10 µm high forms at the join between the new and old surface. After cleavage the ridges approach and meet to form the intercellular junction by which daughter blastomeres are held together along the animal surface. The mechanism of cell cleavage in the newt egg and in other forms is discussed in the light of the present observations.
Using Design Patterns in Mobility Management Protocol Design for Multi-Hop Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Developing architecture specific protocols leads to severe limitations in the ability of the mobility management protocol to provide mobility support across wireless architectures. In this article we develop a systematic component based model for the developing mobility management protocols for multi-hop heterogeneous networks using design patterns. This design pattern based approach provides a unified framework to design mobility management protocols for multi-hop networks by choosing appropriate components for the mobility scenario. To illustrate this approach we implement the M3HN protocol on the MCN architecture using this component based approach by using the network simulator (NS-2)
Induction of apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells by peptide aptamers that bind to the HPV‐16 E7 oncoprotein

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) of the high‐risk type are causally involved in human tumors, in particular cervical carcinoma. Expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 is maintained in HPV‐positive tumors, and it was shown that E6 and E7 of HPV‐16 can immortalize human keratinocytes, the natural host cells of the virus. Expression of the viral genes is also required for maintenance of the transformed phenotype. The oncogenic activity of the E6 and E7 oncoproteins is mediated by their physical and functional interaction with cellular regulatory proteins. To knock out the function of the E7 protein in living cells, we have developed peptide aptamers with high specific binding activity for the E7 protein of HPV‐16. We show here that E7‐binding peptide aptamers induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) in E7‐expressing cells, whereas E7‐negative cells are not affected. Furthermore, E7‐binding peptide aptamers induce apoptosis in HPV‐16‐positive tumor cells derived from cervical carcinoma. The data suggest that E7‐binding peptide aptamers may be useful tools to specifically eliminate HPV‐positive tumors.
Perbandingan Algoritma DES, AES, IDEA Dan Blowfish dalam Enkripsi dan Dekripsi Data

Kemajuan teknologi informasi telah memberikan dampak yang sangat luas, salah satunya sebagai media penyampaian informasi dari suatu tempat ke tempat lainnya, sehingga memudahkan orang dalam mengakses suatu informasi. Kemudahan pengaksesan media komunikasi oleh semua orang, tentunya akan memberikan dampak bagi keamanan informasi atau pesan yang menggunakan media komunikasi tersebut. Informasi menjadi sangat rentan untuk diketahui, diambil dan dimanipulasi oleh pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan suatu metode atau cara yang dapat menjaga kerahasiaan informasi ini, yang salah satunya dikenal dengan sebutan kriptografi. Dalam kriptografi terdapat banyak algoritma, diantaranya algoritma DES, AES, IDEA dan Blowfish. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja beberapa algoritma kriptografi dalam proses enkripsi dan dekripsi data berdasarkan segi kecepatan atau lama waktu serta ukuran file hasil enkripsi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan waktu proses serta ukuran file dari hasil enkripsi dan dekripsi data dari masing-masing algoritma.
Bilateral disruption of conditioned responses after unilateral blockade of cerebellar output in the decerebrate ferret

1 Lesions of the cerebellar cortex can abolish classically conditioned eyeblink responses, but some recovery with retraining has been observed. It has been suggested that the recovered responses are generated by the intact contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. In order to investigate this suggestion, bilaterally acquired conditioned responses were studied after the unilateral blockade of cerebellar output. 2 Decerebrate ferrets were trained with ipsilateral electrical forelimb stimulation (300 ms, 50 Hz, 1 mA) as the conditioned stimulus and bilaterally applied peri‐orbital stimulation (40 ms, 50 Hz, 3 mA) as the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned and unconditioned eyeblink responses were monitored by EMG recordings from the orbicularis oculi muscle. The output from one cerebellar hemisphere was blocked either by injecting small amounts of lignocaine (lidocaine; 0.5‐1.0μl)) into the brachium conjunctivum, or by a restricted mechanical lesion of the brainstem rostral to the cerebellum. 3 As described by previous investigators, the unilateral blockade of cerebellar output abolished ipsilateral conditioned responses. 4 More importantly, such blockade also abolished or strongly depressed contralateral conditioned responses. When mechanical lesions of the brachium conjunctivum were made, contralateral responses, in contrast to ipsilateral responses, recovered within 1–2.5 h. 5 When the unconditioned stimulus was removed on one side, causing extinction of conditioned responses on this side, conditioned responses were temporarily depressed on the trained side as well. 6 Unilateral interruption of cerebellar output had no clear effect on contralateral unconditioned reflex responses. 7 The results demonstrate that one cerebellar hemisphere in ferrets exerts a marked control of contralateral conditioned eyeblink responses, probably via premotor neurones involved specifically in conditioned, and not in unconditioned, responses.
Self, Voices and Embodiment: A Phenomenological Analysis.

OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this study was to examine first-person phenomenological descriptions of the relationship between the self and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs). Complex AVHs are frequently described as entities with clear interpersonal characteristics. Strikingly, investigations of first-person (subjective) descriptions of the phenomenology of the relationship are virtually absent from the literature. METHOD Twenty participants with psychosis and actively experiencing AVHs were recruited from the University of Illinois at Chicago. A mixed-methods design involving qualitative and quantitative components was utilized. Following a priority-sequence model of complementarity, quantitative analyses were used to test elements of emergent qualitative themes. RESULTS The qualitative analysis identified three foundational constructs in the relationship between self and voices: 'understanding of origin,' 'distinct interpersonal identities,' and 'locus of control. ' Quantitative analyses further supported identified links of these constructs. Subjects experienced their AVHs as having identities distinct from self and actively engaged with their AVHs experienced a greater sense of autonomy and control over AVHs. DISCUSSION Given the clinical importance of AVHs and emerging strategies targeting the relationship between the hearer and voices, our findings highlight the importance of these relational constructs in improvement and innovation of clinical interventions. Our analyses also underscore the value of detailed voice assessments such as those provided by the Maastricht Interview are needed in the evaluation process. Subjects narratives shows that the relational phenomena between hearer and AVH(s) is dynamic, and can be influenced and changed through the hearers' engagement, conversation, and negotiation with their voices.
Genes aroA and serC of Salmonella typhimurium constitute an operon

Genetic analysis of aroA554::Tn10 derivatives of two mouse-virulent Salmonella typhimurium strains, "FIRN" and "WRAY," and of a nonreverting derivative of each constructed for use as a live vaccine, showed the site of the insertion among mapped aroA point mutants. The WRAY live-vaccine strain gave no aro+ recombinants in crosses with aroA point mutations to one side of the insertion, indicating a deletion from Tn10 through the sites of these point mutations. The FIRN live-vaccine strain gave wild-type recombinants with all tested point mutants; it probably has a deletion or inversion extending from Tn10 into aroA but not as far as the nearest point mutation. Some tetracycline-sensitive mutants of aroA554::Tn10 strains required serine and pyridoxine, indicating loss of serC function, and some that were found to be SerC- did not produce gas from glucose, indicating a loss of pfl function. These results show the gene order pfl-serC-aroA, as in Escherichia coli. Ampicillin enrichment applied to pools of tetracycline-sensitive mutants of strains with Tn10 insertions near aroA (i.e., zbj::Tn10 strains) yielded Aro- SerC- Pfl-, Aro- SerC+ Pfl+, and Aro- SerC- Pfl+ mutants but none which were Aro+ SerC-. All of the mutants are explicable by deletions or inversions extending clockwise from zbj::Tn10 into or through an operon comprising serC (promoter-proximal) and aroA. Such an operon was also shown by the identification of two Tn10 insertions causing phenotype Aro- SerC-, each able to revert to Aro+ SerC+ by precise excision. serC corresponds to the open reading frame promoter-proximal to aroA that was identified elsewhere by base sequencing of a cloned aroA segment of S. typhimurium (Comai et al., Science 221:370-371, 1983). Both serine and chorismate are precursors of enterochelin; this may be why serC and aroA are in a single operon.
Satellite cell pool expansion is affected by skeletal muscle characteristics

Introduction: We investigated changes in satellite cell (SC) pool size after an acute bout of strenuous exercise and evaluated the influence of baseline SC count and fiber type. Methods: Participants completed a downhill running (DHR) intervention (5 × 8 min, 2‐min rest; 80% VO2max; −10% gradient). Muscle biopsies were taken 7 days before VO2max and 7–9 days after the DHR intervention. Delayed‐onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and creatine kinase activity (CK) were measured on days 1, 2, 7, and 9 post‐DHR. SCs were identified by Pax7 and laminin staining. Relative distribution of MHC isoforms was determined by electrophoresis. Results: DOMS and CK peaked on day 1 post‐DHR (P < 0.01). The SC pool increased (26%) after DHR (P = 0.005). SCs/total myonuclei after recovery correlated with baseline SCs (r = 0.979, P = 0.003) and VO2max (r = 0.956, P = 0.011), whereas change in SC pool (Pax7+ cells/total myonuclei: recovery minus baseline) tended to correlate with percent MHC II (r = 0.848; P = 0.06). Conclusion: Interindividual physiological characteristics affect SC pool expansion after a single bout of DHR and are influenced by VO2max. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Ultra-long-term human salt balance studies reveal interrelations between sodium, potassium, and chloride intake and excretion.

BACKGROUND The intake of sodium, chloride, and potassium is considered important to healthy nutrition and cardiovascular disease risk. Estimating the intake of these electrolytes is difficult and usually predicated on urine collections, commonly for 24 h, which are considered the gold standard. We reported on data earlier for sodium but not for potassium or chloride. OBJECTIVE We were able to test the value of 24-h urine collections in a unique, ultra-long-term balance study conducted during a simulated trip to Mars. DESIGN Four healthy men were observed while ingesting 12 g salt/d, 9 g salt/d, and 6 g salt/d, while their potassium intake was maintained at 4 g/d for 105 d. Six healthy men were studied while ingesting 12 g salt/d, 9 g salt/d, and 6 g salt/d, with a re-exposure of 12 g/d, while their potassium intake was maintained at 4 g/d for 205 d. Food intake and other constituents were recorded every day for each subject. All urine output was collected daily. RESULTS Long-term urine recovery rates for all 3 electrolytes were very high. Rather than the expected constant daily excretion related to daily intake, we observed remarkable daily variation in excretion, with a 7-d infradian rhythm at a relatively constant intake. We monitored 24-h aldosterone excretion in these studies and found that aldosterone appeared to be the regulator for all 3 electrolytes. We report Bland-Altman analyses on the value of urine collections to estimate intake. CONCLUSIONS A single 24-h urine collection cannot predict sodium, potassium, or chloride intake; thus, multiple collections are necessary. This information is important when assessing electrolyte intake in individuals.