Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formal Enforcement Actions and Bank Behavior

Employing a unique data set for the period 2000-2010, this paper examines the impact of formal enforcement actions targeting the core of the banks' financial safety and soundness in terms of bank capital, risk, and performance. We find that, on average, these actions reduce both the risk-weighted assets and the nonperforming loans ratios of punished banks, but there is no increase in the level of regulatory capital. These effects are less powerful during the postcrisis period, suggesting that banks' scope to improve their safety and soundness condition in crisis periods is much more limited. We also find, albeit with some limitations, that the timing of formal enforcement actions is important: the more the actions are deferred relative to the continuous deterioration of the banks' financial condition, the more limited their impact on the risk-based capital ratio, while actions taken earlier help banks to improve their financial soundness. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1287/mnsc.2015. 2343 . This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Depleting Rac1 in mouse rod photoreceptors protects them from photo-oxidative stress without affecting their structure or function

In nonphagocytic cells, Rac1 is a component of NADPH oxidase that produces reactive oxygen species [Ushio-Fukai M (2006) Sci STKE 2006:re8]. Rac1 is expressed abundantly in mammalian retinal photoreceptors, where it is activated in response to light stimuli [Balasubramanian N, Slepak VZ (2003) Curr Biol 13:1306–1310]. We used Cre-LoxP conditional gene targeting to knock down Rac1 expression in mouse rod photoreceptors and found protection against light-induced photoreceptor death compared with WT litter-mates. We also found a similar protective effect on rods using apocynin, which inhibits NADPH oxidase activity. These results implicate both neuronal Rac1 and NADPH oxidase in cell death in this model of CNS degeneration. Studies in which dominant-mutants of Rac1 were expressed in transgenic Drosophila species demonstrated that Rac1 is a key regulator of photoreceptor morphogenesis and polarity [Chang HY, Ready DF (2000) Science 290:1978–1980]. However, we found that diminished Rac1 expression in mouse rods had no effect on retinal structure or function examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, rhodopsin measurement, electroretinogram activity, and visual acuity, indicating rod outer segment morphogenesis proceeded normally in Rac1 conditional knockout mice. The lack of structural or functional effect of Rac1 depletion on photoreceptors, but protection under conditions of stress, indicate that the Rac1 pathway warrants exploration as a target for therapy in retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
Design of a self-matched dual-frequency coplanar waveguide-fed-slot antenna

This paper presents two new designs of dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antennas. This includes both conductor backed and non-conductor backed CPW that radiate into a half space or full space, respectively. An important advantage of these antennas is that each is self-matched to 50 Ω CPW feed line without the need for external matching circuit. This reduces the antenna size and simplifies its design. To verify the designs, the return loss and radiation patterns are obtained using different commercial software, which employ different full wave methods.
Diagnosis Method for Cardiac Patient Based on Improved Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory

For getting correct diagnosis result for cardiac patient, an improvement method for Dempster-Shafer combining evidence theory was put forward in this paper. Different from D-S theory, two key parameters are introduced, one is the reliability of evidence, and another is the correlation coefficient between evidences. By weighting the evidence based on its reliability, the negative effect of unreliable evidence is reduced. By decreasing the probability evaluation of certainty and increasing the probability evaluation of uncertainty, the effect of correlative evidence to fusion result is reduced too, and then we can get better diagnosis which is closer to the fact. There is an example to compare the difference between two methods, and then the advantage of the improved method is shown.
Borderline Pathology and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI): An Evaluation of Criterion and Concurrent Validity

Abstract In this study, we examined how patients diagnosed with borderline pathology (BP) would respond on the Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey, 1991) Borderline (BOR) scales in relation to patients without BP pathology. In addition, we examined whether the PAI BOR scales would be related to variables on the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (SCORS; Hilsenroth, Stein, & Pinsker, 2004; Westen, 1995) derived from early memory narratives. Results indicate that outpatients with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(4th ed. [DSM-IV]; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis of BP scored significantly higher on the PAI BOR Total (BOR-Total) score, Identity Problems, and Self-Harm scales in comparison to a Non-BP clinical sample. The overall correct classification rate for the presence or absence of BP using the BOR Total scale (T ≥ 70) was 73%. In addition, there were several significant relationships between dimensional PAI BOR scales and the presence versus absence of DSM-IVBP. Moreover, both the BOR-Total and Affect Instability scales were significantly related to the SCORS variable Complexity of Representations. We provide clinical examples to illustrate these research findings in an applied manner.
Fronto‐temporal dysregulation in asymptomatic bipolar I patients: A paired associate functional MRI study

Bipolar disorder is associated with persistent declarative memory disturbances, but the neural basis of these deficits is not well understood. We used fMRI to investigate brain activity during performance on a face‐name paired associate task, which allows for the dissociation of encoding and recall‐related memory processes. Fifteen clinically remitted bipolar I disorder patients and 24 demographically matched healthy comparison subjects were scanned during task performance. At the voxel level, bipolar patients showed reduced cortical activation, relative to controls, in multiple task‐related brain regions during encoding. During recognition, bipolar patients under‐activated left hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, despite adequate task performance. Region of interest analyses indicated that, during encoding, bipolar patients had greater bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) activity than healthy subjects. In contrast, during recognition patients showed hypo‐activation relative to controls in the right, but not the left, DLPFC. Although hippocampal activity did not differ between groups during encoding, bipolar patients failed to activate hippocampal regions to the same extent as healthy subjects during recognition. Finally, while better task performance was associated with recognition‐related hippocampal activity in healthy subjects, bipolar patients showed an inverse relationship between task performance and hippocampal activity. Remitted bipolar patients over‐engaged dorsolateral prefrontal regions when learning face‐name pairs, but relative hypoactivation in both prefrontal and medial temporal regions during recognition. These findings suggest a neural basis for the long‐term memory deficits consistently observed in patients with bipolar disorder; further, as these patterns appear in symptomatically remitted patients, they are unlikely to be an artifact of mood symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficiency of a CVT-Operated EVT Experimentally Evaluated Against Half-Toroidal and Push-Belt CVTs

This paper describes how an electrical variable transmission (EVT) can be used as an alternative for mechanical continuously variable transmission (CVT) systems. An EVT is an electromagnetic power split device having two mechanical and two electrical ports. The speed ratio between both mechanical ports (rotors) can be varied in a continuously variable way, so that this machine can be used as an electromagnetic alternative for the mechanical push-belt and half-toroidal CVT. Its operating principle is based on splitting the power into an electromagnetic direct path and an electrical path involving two inverters connected back to back. Its potential use as a CVT is investigated by comparing experimental data against toroidal and belt CVT data from literature having comparable power ratings. To this end, measurements are performed on a prototype $\text{120-kW}$ permanent magnet EVT.
Surgical Treatment Modalities for Lymphedema

Lymphedema, an abnormal condition of lymphatic fluid accumulation, is an incurable, debilitating, and progressive condition affecting 140 million individuals worldwide. Secondary lymphedema is the most common cause in the United States, affecting over 5 million individuals, and typically results from lymphadenectomy in the treatment of solid tumors involving the axillary, groin, or genitourinary lymph node basins. Adjuvant radiation therapy adds additional injury and significantly increases the risk of developing lymphedema [1]. These secondary causes of lymphedema continue to be a growing problem that can have a significant impact on quality of life. Regardless of the location, the end result is a limb that is heavy, dysfunctional, painful, prone to infection, and at long-term risk for malignant transformation or amputation.
Analysis of Paired and Clustered Time-to-Event Data : An Annotated Bibliography

In comparative studies, paired data arise when treatments are prospectively assigned to pairs of experimental units which are biologically linked such as pairs of eyes from the same patients, skin grafts on the same patients, sets of twins, or litter mates in animal studies. In these studies each treated patient has its own control which hopefully is similar in their survival rate save possibly for the treatment. In many of these experiments a common censoring time may preclude observation of one or the other (or both) of the event times of interest for members of the pair.
Evolution of the spectral function in Mott-Hubbard systems with d1 configuration.

We have studied the photoemission spectra of perovskite-type Ti 3+ and V 4+ oxides, which have formally the d 1 configuration ranging from a Mott insulator to a paramagnetic metal. The results indicate that as the Mott-Hubbard gap closes, spectral weight is transferred from the upper and lower Hubbard bands to the region near the Fermi level with decreasing U/W (U, d-d Coulomb repulsion energy; W, one-electron d-band width), i.e., from the incoherent to the coherent part of the single-particle spectral function
The impact of the Canadian Code of Practice for Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce on preference and trust

Relying on notions derived from the signalling theory and existing studies on trust, we examined whether the provision of online information in compliance with the Canadian Code of Practice for Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce affects consumer trust of, and intention to purchase from, an online retailer. It was found that exposure to sites of different compliance levels does influence perceived trust and intent to purchase, even for consumers who normally would not seek company-specific information on a commercial website. These findings have important implications for retailers in their decision to adopt the code and promote it on their site.
Effect of Intravascular Isotope Content on the Isotopic Determination of Coronary Collateral Blood Flow

Simultaneous determinations of myocardial blood volume (using I131-PVP), myocardial blood flow (using H32O), and coronary collateral myocardial blood flow (using retrograde flow) were made in dogs after left circumflex artery ligation. Intravascular H32O content at the end of the H32O infusion was calculated as the product of myocardial blood volume and the final arterial H32O concentration. When correction is made for intravascular H32O content the resulting flow measured by H32O is nearly identical to the retrograde flow. These results indicate that radioactive isotopes can be used to measure blood flow if correction is made for the intravascular isotope content. The identity of corrected H32O flows with retrograde flows also indicates the applicability of isotopic methods for the measurement of coronary collateral blood flow.
Some novel uncertainty measures of hesitant fuzzy sets and their applications

The main purpose of the paper is to develop a general analytical framework of uncertainty measures, which provides a fresh new look into the uncertain information of hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs). We first refine the axiomatic principles of hesitant fuzzy entropy based on the fuzzy factor and hesitant factor, and propose some distance-based entropy formulas of HFSs. Then, a novel hesitant fuzzy cross-entropy is defined to measure the discrimination of uncertain information of different HFSs. Meanwhile, the relationship between cross-entropy and entropy of HFSs is also discussed, and the hesitant fuzzy entropy may be divided into arithmetic average of fuzzy entropy and hesitant entropy. Moreover, some parameterized uncertainty measures are investigated, and two comparative examples are presented to demonstrate their reasonability. Finally, we apply these proposed measures in multiple attribute decision-making problem to illustrate their efficiency and applicability.
Ocean dynamic information obtaining based on SAR ocean images matching

Obtaining ocean surface information is one of the most important applications in the ocean remote sensing field. Current movement and ocean wave transmission are crucial constituent part of ocean dynamic information. Image matching is an indispensable step to get the dynamic information through SAR sequential images. In this paper, two matching methods are proposed according to different SAR sequential images. To SAR ocean sub-aperture sequential images, the time interval between images is very short. We believe there is approximately a rigid movement between sequential images, so we then propose an improved Phase Correlation Method to match images. Experimental results show that the optimized method presents 1/10 pixel accuracy and good noise robustness. To the long time interval (15 minutes) images, shape deformation is presented between sequential images. Thus we propose to adopt a special deformation tolerant matching method in this paper to tackle the problem. After matching, according to movement direction and quantity, we can get ocean dynamic information of ocean wave moving tendency.
Knowledge Via An Explanatory Graph

This paper learns a graphical model, namely an explanatory graph, which reveals the knowledge hierarchy hidden inside a pre-trained CNN. Considering that each filter in a convlayer of a pre-trained CNN usually represents a mixture of object parts, we propose a simple yet efficient method to automatically disentangles different part patterns from each filter, and construct an explanatory graph. In the explanatory graph, each node represents a part pattern, and each edge encodes co-activation relationships and spatial relationships between patterns. More importantly, we learn the explanatory graph for a pre-trained CNN in an unsupervised manner, i.e. without a need of annotating object parts. Experiments show that each graph node consistently represents the same object part through different images. We transfer part patterns in the explanatory graph to the task of part localization, and our method significantly outperforms other approaches.
A Tale of Two Thumbs, a Dog, and a Wooden Table

A 55 year-old African American man presented to the Emergency Room with acute-onset fevers, chills, and bilateral thumb pain, swelling, and redness. MRI revealed extensive cellulitis involving bilateral hands and wrists, along with fluid collection and carpal bone erosion on the left. Given concerns for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis, patient underwent surgical debridement revealing an abscess in the wrist without osteomyelitis. Blood cultures grew Pasteurella multocida. Subsequently, patient noted two pet dogs at home, but no history of bites. He was treated with ceftriaxone for two weeks, followed by two weeks of ciprofloxacin with complete resolution of symptoms. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Yttrium iron garnet thick film inclusion for enhanced microstrip patch antenna performance

The present investigation deals with the fabrication of silver (Ag) patch antenna with yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thick film layer inclusion as substrate overlay to enhance its performance. In this paper, YIG nanopowder was mixed with organic vehicle which consists of linseed oil, m-xylene and α-terpineol with powder ratio of 30 wt%. Then the mix was stirred at 150rpm for 3 hours at 40°C in order to obtain homogenous paste, followed by printing it onto FR4 substrate using the screen printing technique to form the YIG thick film layer before dried at 200°C. A basic square shape patch antenna by using silver paste was printed onto the YIG layer and then compared with another patch antenna which was printed without the YIG layer. The results shown that the antenna with YIG thick film layer has return loss of −19.67dB, resonant frequency 6.42GHz, bandwidth 3.13 and Q factor of 2.051, which is better compared to the antenna without the layer by 138.13%, 3.22%, 49.76% and 31.08% respectively.
Processing and analysis of CASP3 protein structure predictions

Livermore Prediction Center provides basic infrastructure for the CASP (Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction) experiments, including prediction processing and verification servers, a system of prediction evaluation tools, and interactive numerical and graphical displays. Here we outline the essentials of our approach, with discussion of the superposition procedures, definitions of basic measures, and descriptions of new methods developed to analyze predictions. Our primary focus is on the evaluation of threedimensional models and secondary structure predictions. To put the results of the three prediction experiments held to date on the same footing, the latest CASP3 evaluation criteria were retrospectively applied to both CASP1 and CASP2 predictions. Finally, we give an overview of our website (http://PredictionCenter.llnl.gov), which makes the target structures, predictions, and the evaluation system accessible to the community. Proteins Suppl 1999;3:22–29. Published 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Net greenhouse gas balance in response to nitrogen enrichment: perspectives from a coupled biogeochemical model

Increasing reactive nitrogen (N) input has been recognized as one of the important factors influencing climate system through affecting the uptake and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). However, the magnitude and spatiotemporal variations of N‐induced GHG fluxes at regional and global scales remain far from certain. Here we selected China as an example, and used a coupled biogeochemical model in conjunction with spatially explicit data sets (including climate, atmospheric CO2, O3, N deposition, land use, and land cover changes, and N fertilizer application) to simulate the concurrent impacts of increasing atmospheric and fertilized N inputs on balance of three major GHGs (CO2, CH4, and N2O). Our simulations showed that these two N enrichment sources in China decreased global warming potential (GWP) through stimulating CO2 sink and suppressing CH4 emission. However, direct N2O emission was estimated to offset 39% of N‐induced carbon (C) benefit, with a net GWP of three GHGs averaging −376.3 ± 146.4 Tg CO2 eq yr−1 (the standard deviation is interannual variability of GWP) during 2000–2008. The chemical N fertilizer uses were estimated to increase GWP by 45.6 ± 34.3 Tg CO2 eq yr−1 in the same period, and C sink was offset by 136%. The largest C sink offset ratio due to increasing N input was found in Southeast and Central mainland of China, where rapid industrial development and intensively managed crop system are located. Although exposed to the rapidly increasing N deposition, most of the natural vegetation covers were still showing decreasing GWP. However, due to extensive overuse of N fertilizer, China's cropland was found to show the least negative GWP, or even positive GWP in recent decade. From both scientific and policy perspectives, it is essential to incorporate multiple GHGs into a coupled biogeochemical framework for fully assessing N impacts on climate changes.
Hentriacontane: a leaf hydrocarbon from Syzygium jambos with stimulatory effects on the germination of urediniospores of Puccinia psidii

A crude Sohxlet extract from leaves of Syzygium jambos was sequentially fractionated using a silica gel flash column. A bioassay based on the numbers of urediniospores of Puccinia psidii that germinated in 2% water agar detected an active stimulant of germination when the fraction eluted with 100% n-hexane was used. The active fraction induced up to 88% increase in germination when added to a spore suspension in mineral oil. The active fraction was characterized as a hydrocarbon by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the fraction was a long-chain 436 MW hydrocarbon with corresponding to C31H64, namely hentriacontane. This is the first time such a compound proved to be involved with stimulation of fungal spore germination. These results may contribute to better understanding the infection process of rusts.
Analysis of genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica populations from different geographical locations by ISSR-PCR

SUMMARY Inter-simple sequence repeats markers were used to determinate the genetic variability of Fasciola hepatica populations recovered from sheep and cattle from Spain (Sp1, Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4), UK (Eng), Ireland (Ir) and Mexico (Mex). Twenty five primers were tested but only five produced 39 reproducible bands, being 71·79% polymorphic bands. This percentage ranged from 10·26% in Sp4 to 48·72% in Sp1, and per host between 28·21 and 48·72% in sheep and between 10·26 and 38·46% in cattle. This relatively low range of genetic diversity within populations, with a mean of 34·40%, implies that a large proportion of variation resided among populations. The population differentiation (Gst = 0·547) indicated that 54·7% of variation is due to differences between populations and 45·3% due to differences within population. The Nei's distance ranged between 0·091 and 0·230 in sheep and between 0·150 and 0·337 in cattle. The genetic relationships between populations and individuals were shown by a UPGMA dendrogram and a principal coordinate analysis; both grouped all populations separately from Sp4, a population of from the Midwest of Spain with the lowest level of diversity. Small genetic distances were observed between Eng and Ir, on the one hand, and Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, from the Northwest of Spain, together with Mex, on the other.