Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mathematical model of the new converter transformer based on modified node method

Compared with the traditional converter transformer, the auto-compensation and harmonic shielding converter transformer, namely, the new converter transformer, has a unique connection. In general, the difficult branches that only contain solitary voltage source sometimes appears in the mathematical modeling for the transformer, but the traditional nodal equations of the transformer are unable to be established due to the absence of the branch admittance matrix. Based on the coupled circuit principle and the actual design parameter of the new converter transformer, the three-phase basic mathematical model is presented according to the modified nodal method combined with the directed graph of the coupled circuit. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the mathematical model established by the modified nodal method is accurate and effective. The proposed method can be selected flexibly in practical project and has universal significance in solving various actual engineering problems correlated with multi-transformers.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Meniscal Repair Systems

Background The biomechanical characteristics of the Meniscal Viper Repair System have not been previously studied. Hypothesis Comparable meniscal lesion fixation standards will exist among the Meniscal Viper Repair System, the vertical FasT-Fix device, and vertical mattress sutures. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Porcine menisci (3 groups of 7 menisci each) were repaired using different devices. A servohydraulic device cycled each construct between 5 N and 50 N for 500 cycles before load to failure (5 mm/min). Group differences were evaluated with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests. Results During cyclic testing, the vertical mattress suture group (2.3 ± 0.2 mm) showed less mean displacement than did the vertical FasT-Fix or the Viper system groups (3.9 ± 0.7 mm and 3.9 ± 0.5 mm, respectively); the vertical mattress suture group (21.8 ± 2 N/mm) also displayed superior mean stiffness to the vertical FasT-Fix or the Viper system groups (13.2 ± 2 N/mm and 13.1 ± 1.8 N/mm, respectively). During load-to-failure testing, the vertical FasT-Fix group (145.9 ± 9 N) withstood greater mean loads than did the Viper system group (111.2 ± 30 N), but it did not differ significantly from loads withstood by the vertical mattress suture group (133.4 ± 10 N). The Viper system and vertical FasT-Fix groups (14.6 ± 2 N/mm and 12.1 ± 1 N/mm, respectively) displayed superior mean stiffness to the vertical mattress suture group (9.8 ± 0.5 N/mm) during load-to-failure testing. Clinical Relevance Standard vertical mattress sutures provided superior fixation during cyclic loading compared with the 2 all-inside methods of suture fixation, suggesting a potential for better meniscal lesion healing with vertical mattress sutures when confronted with the stresses associated with early, progressive rehabilitation activities. Stronger sutures and less meniscal segment purchase in tears located 3 to 4 mm from the periphery may contribute to the failure of the Viper repair system.
Specialists in ancient trees are more affected by climate than generalists

Abstract Ancient trees are considered one of the most important habitats for biodiversity in Europe and North America. They support exceptional numbers of specialized species, including a range of rare and endangered wood‐living insects. In this study, we use a dataset of 105 sites spanning a climatic gradient along the oak range of Norway and Sweden to investigate the importance of temperature and precipitation on beetle species richness in ancient, hollow oak trees. We expected that increased summer temperature would positively influence all wood‐living beetle species whereas precipitation would be less important with a negligible or negative impact. Surprisingly, only oak‐specialist beetles with a northern distribution increased in species richness with temperature. Few specialist beetles and no generalist beetles responded to the rise of 4°C in summer as covered by our climatic gradient. The negative effect of precipitation affected more specialist species than did temperature, whereas the generalists remained unaffected. In summary, we suggest that increased summer temperature is likely to benefit a few specialist beetles within this dead wood community, but a larger number of specialists are likely to decline due to increased precipitation. In addition, generalist species will remain unaffected. To minimize adverse impacts of climate change on this important community, long‐term management plans for ancient trees are important.
Characterization of wheat gliadin proteins by combined two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry

A proteomics‐based approach was used for characterizing wheat gliadins from an Italian common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar. A two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) map of roughly 40 spots was obtained by submitting the 70% alcohol‐soluble crude protein extract to isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradient strips across two pH gradient ranges, i.e., 3–10 or pH 6–11, and to sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide electrophoresis in the second dimension. The chymotryptic digest of each spot was characterized by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry and nano electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis, providing a “peptide map” for each digest. The measured masses were subsequently sought in databases for sequences. For accurate identification of the parent protein, it was necessary to determine de novo sequences by MS/MS experiments on the peptides. By partial mass fingerprinting, we identified protein molecules such as α/β‐, γ‐, ω‐gliadin, and high molecular weight‐glutenin. The single spots along the 2‐DE map were discriminated on the basis of their amino acid sequence traits. α‐Gliadin, the most represented wheat protein in databases, was highly conserved as the relative N‐terminal sequence of the components from the 2‐DE map contained only a few silent amino acid substitutions. The other closely related gliadins were identified by sequencing internal peptide chains. The results gave insight into the complex nature of gliadin heterogeneity. This approach has provided us with sound reference data for differentiating gliadins amongst wheat varieties.
Differences in degree, differences in kind: Characterizing lung injury in trauma

BACKGROUND Acute lung injury following trauma remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Although multiple trauma studies have used hypoxemia without radiographic adjudication as a surrogate for identifying adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) cases, the differences between patients with hypoxemia alone and those with radiographically confirmed ARDS are not well described in the literature. We hypothesized that nonhypoxemic, hypoxemic, and ARDS patients represent distinct groups with unique characteristics and predictors. METHODS Laboratory, demographic, clinical, and outcomes data were prospectively collected from 621 intubated, critically injured patients at an urban Level 1 trauma center from 2005 to 2013. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2/FIO2 ratio of 300 or lower. ARDS was adjudicated using Berlin criteria, with blinded two-physician consensus review of chest radiographs. Group comparisons were performed by hypoxemia and ARDS status. Logistic regression analyses were performed to separately assess predictors of hypoxemia and ARDS. RESULTS Of the 621 intubated patients, 64% developed hypoxemia; 46% of these hypoxemic patients developed ARDS by chest radiograph. Across the three groups (no hypoxemia, hypoxemia, ARDS), there were no significant differences in age, sex, or comorbidities. However, there was an increase in severity of shock, injury, and chest injury by group, with corresponding trends in transfusion requirements and volume of early fluid administration. Outcomes followed a similar stepwise pattern, with pneumonia, multiorgan failure, length of intensive care unit stay, number of ventilator days, and overall mortality highest in ARDS patients. In multiple logistic regression, early plasma transfusion, delayed crystalloid administration, body mass index, and head and chest injury were independent predictors of hypoxemia, while head and chest injury, early crystalloid infusion, and delayed platelet transfusion were independent predictors of ARDS. CONCLUSION Hypoxemia and ARDS exist on a spectrum of respiratory dysfunction following trauma, with increasing injury severity profiles and resuscitation requirements. However, they also represent distinct clinical states with unique predictors, which require directed research approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and epidemiologic study, level III.
Mammalian development in the UK (1950-1995).

0214-6282/2000/$20.00 © UBC Press Printed in Spain www.ehu. es/ijdb *Address for reprints: Zoology Department, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. FAX: 01865 271228. e-mail: chris.graham@zoo.ox. ac.uk This is a brief history of mammalian developmental biology research performed in the UK. It attempts to identify the wishes of British society for developmental biology research, as expressed by politicians and refined by government funded research councils and charitable agencies. The response of the mammalian development community of scientists is analyzed and found to have diverse origins. The major research achievements originated from pure academic curiosity and very defined practical goals, with no obvious rules for making discoveries. During the period of this history, the scientists became more effective at influencing the wishes of British society. Most British mammalian developmental biologists that have existed are alive, and they will have equally valid views about the sequence of events and seminal influences. From the mid-1960s on, the Society for the Study of Fertility and the British Society of Developmental Biology ensured annual contacts with workers in North America and Europe, and it is impossible to isolate a uniquely British contribution to the field. Instead, geographic location in Britain has set the limits to this economic, political, and scientific history. Achievements in reproductive biology and pure developmental genetics are mentioned when they impacted on developmental biology, but those subjects should write their own histories.
Recurrence Rates in Ontario Physicians Monitored for Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Objective: Physicians with recurrent conditions that may affect job performance are sometimes referred for monitoring to help ensure compliance with treatment, ongoing remission of illness, and patient safety. Little is known about recurrence rates among doctors monitored for mood disorders. Our primary objective was to describe recurrence rates among Ontario physicians monitored for recurrent unipolar depression and bipolar disorder (BD). Our secondary objective was to explore predictors of recurrence. Method: We used a retrospective cohort design to describe the time to recurrence, defined as either stopping work owing to symptoms or any re-emergence of symptoms meeting a pre-established clinical threshold. Our exploratory analysis of recurrence predictors included age, sex, psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric comorbidity, medical comorbidity, number of past episodes, past hospitalizations, and family history of psychiatric disorder. Results: During a median observation of 24 months, 36% (18 of 50) of physicians stopped work owing to recurrence of symptoms, with the median time to stopping work being 11 months. As well, 52% (26 of 50) had a re-emergence of clinical symptoms, with the median time to any level of symptom re-emergence being 13 months. Physicians with psychiatric comorbidity stopped work sooner (hazard ratio [HR] 3.53; 95% CI 1.24 to 10.03, P = 0.01) and had more rapid symptom re-emergence (HR 2.96; 95% CI 1.34 to 6.52, P = 0.004) than those without comorbidity. The most common psychiatric comorbidity was a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, anxiety disorder. Conclusion: Recurrence rates are high among Ontario physicians referred for formal monitoring of recurrent unipolar depression and BD, and are markedly hastened by the presence of psychiatric comorbidity.
Sugar Response Sequence in the Promoter of a Rice α-Amylase Gene Serves as a Transcriptional Enhancer*

Expression of α-amylase genes in both rice suspension cells and germinating embryos is repressed by sugars and the mechanism involves transcriptional regulation. The promoter of a rice α-amylase gene αAmy3 was analyzed by both loss- and gain-of-function studies and the major sugar response sequence (SRS) was located between 186 and 82 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The SRS conferred sugar responsiveness to a minimal promoter in an orientation-independent manner. It also converted a sugar-insensitive rice actin gene promoter into a sugar-sensitive promoter in a dose-dependent manner. Linker-scan mutation studies identified three essential motifs: the GC box, the G box, and the TATCCA element, within the SRS. Sequences containing either the GC box plus G box or the TATCCA element each mediated sugar response, however, they acted synergistically to give a high level glucose starvation-induced expression. Nuclear proteins from rice suspension cells binding to the TATCCA element in a sequence-specific and sugar-dependent manner were identified. The TATCCA element is also an important component of the gibberellin response complex of the α-amylase genes in germinating cereal grains, suggesting that the regulation of α-amylase gene expression by sugar and hormone signals may share common regulatory machinery.
Survival curves for clonogenic cells of a murine keratinizing squamous carcinoma irradiated in vivo or under hypoxic conditions.

SummaryIn its histological character and tendency to metastasize preferentially to lymph nodes, this tumour is indistinguishable from its clinical homologue. Of the morphologically intact cells released from the tumours by enzymatic treatment, 17 were required for 50 per cent successful transplantation to syngeneic hosts; this figure was reduced to 4 when a preponderance of radiation-killed cells was added to the inocula. The survival curve for cells of tumours irradiated in situ under hypoxic conditions gave D0 = 340 R and n = about 2·0. The distribution of cell-survival values for tumours irradiated in vivo indicated that about 18 per cent of the viable tumour cells are hypoxic in vivo. Four out of five different stromated tumours for which similar data have been reported had between 15 and 21 per cent of their cells hypoxic in vivo. An attempt is made to explain these striking similarities in terms of a common micro-anatomical unit with dimensions referred to the limiting distance of diffusion of oxyge.
Clinical crown height (length)--a review of published measurements.

BACKGROUND, AIMS Clinical crown height is an objective measure of the position of the gingival margin which could be used in determining the 'normal' position of the gingival margin. The aim of this study was to do a systematic review of published clinical crown heights in the human permanent dentition to compare the measurements and to see if a clear trend with age exists. MATERIAL AND METHODS An on-line literature search was done using the key words clinical crown height (or) clinical crown length. From January 1975 to August 2000, 11 published papers have listed measurements; three of these report on all tooth types, the remainder on anterior teeth. RESULTS All studies used the same measuring technique but age group reporting differed as did the tooth types measured. Measurements from the 10 acceptable studies of the clinical crown height of the same teeth are comparable at similar ages, so published values are reasonable estimates of 'normality' for diagnosis. There is a statistically significant increase in clinical crown height of central and lateral incisors with age that slows as age increases.
High-speed horizontal-path atmospheric turbulence correction using a large actuator-number MEMS spatial light modulator in an interferometric phase conjugation engine

Atmospheric propagation results for a high-speed, large-actuator-number, adaptive optics system are presented. The system uses a MEMS-based spatial light modulator correction device with 1024 actuators. Tests over a 1.35 km path achieved correction speeds in excess of 800 Hz and Strehl ratios close to 0.5. The wave-front sensor was based on a quadrature interferometer that directly measures phase. This technique does not require global wave-front reconstruction, making it relatively insensitive to scintillation and phase residues. The results demonstrate the potential of large actuator number MEMS-based spatial light modulators to replace conventional deformable mirrors.
A high-throughput screening strategy identifies cardiotonic steroids as alternative splicing modulators

Alternative splicing has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in a number of human disorders. However, the discovery of compounds that target the splicing reaction has been hindered by the lack of suitable high-throughput screening assays. Conversely, the effects of known drugs on the splicing reaction are mostly unclear and not routinely assessed. We have developed a two-color fluorescent reporter for cellular assays of exon inclusion that can accommodate nearly any cassette exon and minimizes interfering effects from changes in transcription and translation. We used microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) exon 10, whose missplicing causes frontotemporal dementia, to test the reporter in screening libraries of known bioactive compounds. These screens yielded several compounds that alter the splicing of the exon, both in the reporter and in the endogenous MAPT mRNA. One compound, digoxin, has long been used in the treatment of heart failure, but was not known to modulate splicing. The positive compounds target different signal transduction pathways, and microarray analysis shows that each compound affects the splicing of a different set of exons in addition to MAPT exon 10. Our results identify currently prescribed cardiotonic steroids as modulators of alternative splicing and demonstrate the feasibility of screening for drugs that alter exon inclusion.
Dysregulated arginine metabolism and cardiopulmonary dysfunction in patients with thalassaemia

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) commonly develops in thalassaemia syndromes, but is poorly characterized. The goal of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of the cardiopulmonary and biological profile of patients with thalassaemia at risk for PH. A case–control study of thalassaemia patients at high versus low PH‐risk was performed. A single cross‐sectional measurement for variables reflecting cardiopulmonary status and biological pathophysiology were obtained, including Doppler‐echocardiography, 6‐min‐walk‐test, Borg Dyspnoea Score, New York Heart Association functional class, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), chest‐computerized tomography, pulmonary function testing and laboratory analyses targeting mechanisms of coagulation, inflammation, haemolysis, adhesion and the arginine‐nitric oxide pathway. Twenty‐seven thalassaemia patients were evaluated, 14 with an elevated tricuspid‐regurgitant‐jet‐velocity (TRV) ≥ 2·5 m/s. Patients with increased TRV had a higher frequency of splenectomy, and significantly larger right atrial size, left atrial volume and left septal‐wall thickness on echocardiography and/or MRI, with elevated biomarkers of abnormal coagulation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and arginase concentration, and lower arginine‐bioavailability compared to low‐risk patients. Arginase concentration correlated significantly to several echocardiography/MRI parameters of cardiovascular function in addition to global‐arginine‐bioavailability and biomarkers of haemolytic rate, including LDH, haemoglobin and bilirubin. Thalassaemia patients with a TRV ≥ 2·5 m/s have additional echocardiography and cardiac‐MRI parameters suggestive of right and left‐sided cardiac dysfunction. In addition, low arginine bioavailability may contribute to cardiopulmonary dysfunction in β‐thalassaemia.
Changes in the histone H2A variant H2A.Z and polyubiquitinated histone species in developing trout testis.

The trout histone H2A variant H2A.Z has been identified by its electrophoretic mobility on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels and its N-terminal amino acid sequence. Similar to bovine H2A.Z and chicken H2A.F (also called H2A.Z and M1), the trout H2A.Z had a two-residue extension when aligned with trout H2A and a 67% sequence homology with the N-terminal portion of trout H2A. The first 29 amino acids of trout H2A.Z were identical with those of chicken H2A.F and differed from those of bovine H2A.Z at only one position. Thus, the N-terminal part of histone H2A.Z appears to be highly conserved. The levels of histone H2A.Z and ubiquitinated species of the histones H2A, H2A.Z, and H2B, which were detected with an anti-ubiquitin antibody, were studied at various stages of trout testis development. At the final stages of spermatogenesis in trout, histones are replaced by protamines. Ubiquitinated and diubiquitinated histone H2A remained at similar levels in early and late stage testis nucleohistone. In the late stage testis chromatin (nucleohistone), ubiquitinated histone H2A.Z was not detected, the level of ubiquitinated histone H2B was reduced, and the amount of diubiquitinated histone H2B increased. There was also a marked reduction in the level of histone H2A.Z. This observation suggests nucleosomes with this histone variant were selectively disassembled during the transition from nucleohistone to nucleoprotamine, indicating that protamine deposition is not a random process in rainbow trout.
Characterization of spotted fever group Rickettsiae in ticks from a city park of Rome, Italy.

BACKGROUND Ticks are vectors and important reservoirs for microbial agents that cause disease in humans and animals. Among these pathogens, the members of Rickettsia species play an important role in public health. AIM AND METHODS One hundred twenty-nine ticks belonging to four tick species (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata) were collected at different sites of the Insugherata Natural Reserve, localized in the urban area of Rome, Italy. Questing ticks were tested by PCR for Rickettsia spp. , amplifying partial gene of ompA. RESULTS Forty-six ticks were found to be infected with Rickettsia species. Five SFG rickettsiae were identified: three human pathogens Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia massiliae and Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and two putative new strains Rickettsia sp. strain RM1 and Rickettsia sp. strain RM2. The phylogenetic analysis of partial gene sequences of ompA, gltA, and 17-kd antigen showed that they clustered with several rickettsiae with unidentified pathogenicity. However, Rickettsia sp. strain RM1 and Rickettsia sp. strain RM2 clustered in a statistically supported clade with R. massiliae, and R. monacensis, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that Rickettsia species other than R. conorii are implicated in human disease in Italy.