Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Present Research : Self-Regulation and the Use of Mental Contrasting Academic Domain

Mentally contrasting a desired future with reality is a self-regulation strategy helping people manage their life by promoting selective goal pursuit: people pursue feasible futures and disengage from unfeasible ones. We investigated whether participants who effectively regulate their academic and everyday life spontaneously use mental contrasting. Indeed, students who were good self-regulators in the academic domain, as indicated by their high self-reported academic self-regulation skills, high need for achievement, and above-average grades mentally contrasted when writing about an important achievement-related wish (Study 1). So did participants who were good selfregulators in everyday life as indicated by their high self-reported generalized self-regulation skills and high need for cognition (Study 2). Results indicate that successful self-regulation is linked to spontaneous mental contrasting.
The Development of Motor Self-Regulation in Ravens

Inhibitory control refers to the ability to stop impulses in favor of more appropriate behavior, and it constitutes one of the underlying cognitive functions associated with cognitive flexibility. Much attention has been given to cross-species comparisons of inhibitory control; however, less is known about how and when these abilities develop. Mapping the ontogeny of inhibitory control in different species may therefore reveal foundational elements behind cognitive processes and their evolution. In this study, we tested the development of motor self-regulation in raven chicks (Corvus corax), using two detour tasks that required inhibition of motor impulses to directly reach for a visible reward behind a barrier. One task included a mesh barrier, which partly occluded the reward, and the other task used a completely transparent barrier, the cylinder task. The results suggest that the more visible a reward is, the more difficult it is to inhibit motor impulses toward it, and further, that this inhibitory challenge gradually decreases during development. The mesh barrier is reliably detoured before the animals pass the task with the wholly transparent cylinder. As the majority of the birds begun testing as nestlings, and as we provided them with experiences they normally would not receive in a nest, it is likely that they showed the earliest possible onset of these skills. A control subject, tested at a later age, showed that the mesh detours required no particular training, but that tasks including complete transparency likely require more specific experiences. Adult ravens without explicit training are highly proficient in inhibitory detour tasks, and, together with chimpanzees, they are the best performers of all tested species in the cylinder task. Our results suggest that their skills develop early in life, around their third month. Their developmental pattern of inhibitory skills for detours resembles that of children and rhesus macaques, albeit the pace of development is markedly faster in ravens. Investigating the development of cognition is crucial to understanding its foundations within and across species.
Estonian Innovation Policy Activity Against the Background of the EU Member States

Innovation policy is essential to guarantee a country’s development and the continuous enhancement of its innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to empirically analyse the position of Estonia in different innovation policy areas compared to other European countries. Seventeen different variables that characterise the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation are used in a principal component analysis to reveal the structure of public sector activities in promoting innovation. The principal component analysis reveals that the activities of the public sector in promoting innovation can be characterised using six components. Analysis of Estonia’s position in these policy areas shows that in comparison with other European countries, the extent to which the public sector in Estonia enhances the overall framework for innovation is above the European average and RD only a small proportion of innovative enterprises in Estonia receive financial support for innovation from the public sector (including support from the EU), and universities and public sector agencies in Estonia only cooperate with firms in innovation activities to a small degree.
Developing Measures for Environmental Sustainability in Hotels: An Exploratory Study

Hoteliers’ efforts to improve the environmental sustainability of their operations would be promoted by having a consistent industry-wide measure for benchmarking current operations and tracking the effect of environmental sustainability initiatives. This type of measure can also assist external stakeholders, such as the hotel guests and regulatory entities, to gauge hotels’ environmental sustainability efforts. This report presents the results of an exploratory study that develops such a measure, using resource consumption records of 984 U.S. hotels over a period of eight years. The measure is based on an analysis of resource consumption–related expenses found in these hotels’ year-end operating statements, for electricity, water and sewer, maintenance other expenses, and laundry, linen, and supplies for both the rooms and for food and beverage services. Using a multivariate data analysis technique called exploratory factor analysis, the measure developed in the study consists of two parts: an operating factor that comprises large weights from electricity, water and sewer, and maintenance expenses, and a behavioral factor, which is largely driven by laundry, linen, and supplies for both rooms and F&B operations. In general, costs found in the operating factor are under management control, but the costs in the behavioral factor are subject to guests’ activities. By normalizing the average of each of these two factors at zero, hotels that score above zero on each factor are spending more than other hotels, and those with a score below zero are more efficient than others. These factors can be compared according to various hotel characteristics, such as chain segment, the involvement of a third-party professional management company in the operating structure, location (both in terms of the degree of urbanization and climate zone), and whether the hotel offers F&B service. For instance, the above-average costs of providing F&B are clearly depicted in these measurements (as compared with limited-service operations).
Grouping-Based Resilient Statistical En-Route Filtering for Sensor Networks

In sensor networks, the adversaries can inject false data reports from compromising nodes. Previous approaches for filtering false reports, notably statistical en-route filtering, adopt a simple strategy for grouping sensor nodes that requires redundant groups and thus decrease the filtering effectiveness. Worse still, they either suffer a threshold problem, which may lead to complete breakdown of the security protection when the threshold is exceeded, or are dependent on sink stationarity and specific routing protocols, which cannot work with mobile sinks and various routing protocols. In response to these, this paper proposes a scheme, referred to as grouping-based resilient statistical en-route filtering (GRSEF), in which nodes are grouped once deployed without requiring redundant groups and a location-aware approach based on terrain division along multiple axes is proposed for key derivation. The design of GRSEF, which is independent of sink stationarity and routing protocols, provides a well suitable en-routing filtering solution for sensor networks with mobile sinks. Analytical and simulation results verify that the scheme significantly improves the filtering effectiveness and efficiently achieves the resiliency against node compromise.
Blood viscosity and haemostatic factors in late pregnancy, pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth retardation

Summary. Blood viscosity and several of its determinants (packed cell volume, plasma viscosity, plasma fibrinogen and erythrocyte deformability) and several haemostatic variables (platelet count, serum fibrin degradation products and plasma soluble fibrin) were measured in 106 women during normal third‐trimester pregnancy, 12 patients with moderate pre‐eclampsia, nine patients with severe pre‐eclampsia and 16 patients with confirmed fetal growth retardation. Blood viscosity was measured at high and low shear rates (94.5 and 0.94 s−1), with and without correction to a standard packed cell volume of 0.45. In normal pregnancy low‐shear blood viscosity increased significantly towards term, associated with significant increases in packed cell volume and plasma viscosity (but not fibrinogen); there was no change in high‐shear blood viscosity at native packed cell volume and a decrease in viscosity after correction for packed cell volume, associated with a significant increase in erythrocyte deformability. Significant decrease in the platelet count and significant increases in serum fibrin degradation products and plasma soluble fibrin suggested a degree of haemostatic activation in normal third‐trimester pregnancy. In moderate pre‐eclampsia blood viscosity was significantly lower at low shear rate, due to a significantly lower packed cell volume and despite a significantly elevated plasma viscosity. In severe pre‐eclampsia high‐shear blood viscosity was significantly elevated after correction for packed cell volume, associated with a significantly reduced erythrocyte deformability; plasma fibrinogen levels were reduced, but other variables were not significantly abnormal. In fetal growth retardation blood viscosity was significantly increased at both shear rates, despite a reduced packed cell volume: this was also associated with a significant reduction in erythrocyte deformability. In general there was little correlation between blood viscosity factors and haemostatic variables, but in normal‐term pregnancy soluble fibrin levels correlated with blood viscosity at both shear rates. We suggest that increased blood viscosity and decreased erythrocyte deformability may play a role in the placental insufficiency of severe pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth retardation.
Best practice model for community capacity-building: A case study of community-based tourism enterprises in Kenya

AbstractIntroduction The tourism industry in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is projected to grow at an averagerate of 5%, one of the highest rates globally (UNWTO, 2006). Despite this phenom-enal projection, benefits accruing from the tourism industry have failed to translate tosignificant socio-economic development especially at the local levels and the involve-ment of local communities has been minimal (Khan, 1997; Tosun, 2000: Manyara, Geoffrey Manyara and Eleri Jones Best practice model for communitycapacity-building: A case studyof community-based tourismenterprises in Kenya As tourism continues to play a major role in the global economy, key international organisations,such as the United Nations World Tourism Organisation and the World Bank, have endorsed itas a tool for poverty alleviation particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. To address this endorsement,local community involvement in tourism development is now urgent. The Local Agenda 21, forinstance, advocates for participative and collaborative approaches in which the local communitiesplay a significant role in defining their development priorities. Community-based tourism enter-prises (CBTEs), have been touted as a potential route through which local community involve-ment in tourism can be enhanced and that they significantly contribute to socio-economicdevelopment and consequently poverty alleviation. A previous study in Kenya confirms this butreveals that CBTEs face significant capacity challenges, including deficiencies in vision and leader-ship for tourism product development and marketing, entrepreneurial skills, business managementskills and access to credit facilities or the mobilisation of resources. This paper, through a criticalreview of literature on capacity-building best practice, seeks to develop a best practice model forcommunity capacity-building suitable for Kenyan CBTEs. The paper is developed using a multiplecase study of six CBTEs and in-depth semi-structured interviews with CBTE managers and leaders,tourism academics, and representatives of support organizations and the Kenyan government. Therespondents' views are integrated into a unified best practice model using constructive and choiceordering projective techniques. The paper concludes with the identification of essential componentsfor ensuring the effectiveness of community capacity-building - community approach, leadershipapproach, sustainable approach and an appropriate policy and legislative framework.
Identifying Actives from HTS Data Sets

High-throughput screening (HTS) has achieved a dominant role in drug discovery over the past 2 decades. The goal of HTS is to identify active compounds (hits) by screening large numbers of diverse chemical compounds against selected targets and/or cellular phenotypes. The HTS process consists of multiple automated steps involving compound handling, liquid transfers, and assay signal capture, all of which unavoidably contribute to systematic variation in the screening data. The challenge is to distinguish biologically active compounds from assay variability. Traditional plate controls-based and non-controls-based statistical methods have been widely used for HTS data processing and active identification by both the pharmaceutical industry and academic sectors. More recently, improved robust statistical methods have been introduced, reducing the impact of systematic row/column effects in HTS data. To apply such robust methods effectively and properly, we need to understand their necessity and functionality. Data from 6 HTS case histories are presented to illustrate that robust statistical methods may sometimes be misleading and can result in more, rather than less, false positives or false negatives. In practice, no single method is the best hit detection method for every HTS data set. However, to aid the selection of the most appropriate HTS data-processing and active identification methods, the authors developed a 3-step statistical decision methodology. Step 1 is to determine the most appropriate HTS data-processing method and establish criteria for quality control review and active identification from 3-day assay signal window and DMSO validation tests. Step 2 is to perform a multilevel statistical and graphical review of the screening data to exclude data that fall outside the quality control criteria. Step 3 is to apply the established active criterion to the quality-assured data to identify the active compounds.
Design and Evaluation of a Provenance-Based Rebuild Framework

Previous storage reliability solutions mainly include log files, snapshot, backup or ECC-based schemes. These technologies focus more on the whole disk or system reliability, but not single data object. However, it is not efficient to rebuild a file by recovering a whole system using the technologies above. In this paper, we propose to use provenance, the origin or history of objects, to rebuild damaged or lost files. Provenance-based rebuild can exactly reconstruct the right file lost or damaged by backtracking its generation process in the past. The evaluation results show that provenance-based rebuild performs significantly better than log-based technology with reasonable time and space overhead.
Entry and Post-Entry Dynamics in Developing Countries

The aim of this paper is to provide an updated survey of the "state of the art" in entrepreneurial studies, with a particular focus on developing countries (DCs). In particular, the same concept of "entrepreneurship" will be critically discussed, then moving to the institutional, macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions affecting the entry of new firms and the post-entry performance of newborn firms.
Learning MSO-definable hypotheses on strings

We study the classification problems over string data for hypotheses specified by formulas of monadic second-order logic MSO. The goal is to design learning algorithms that run in time polynomial in the size of the training set, independently of or at least sublinear in the size of the whole data set. We prove negative as well as positive results. If the data set is an unprocessed string to which our algorithms have local access, then learning in sublinear time is impossible even for hypotheses definable in a small fragment of first-order logic. If we allow for a linear time pre-processing of the string data to build an index data structure, then learning of MSO-definable hypotheses is possible in time polynomial in the size of the training set, independently of the size of the whole data set.
A Semantic Spatial Hypertext Wiki

Spatial Hypertext Wiki (ShyWiki) is a wiki which represents knowledge using notes that are spatially distributed in wiki pages and have some visual characteristics such as colour, size, or font type. Spatial and visual characteristics are important in a wiki to improve human comprehension, creation and organization of knowledge. Another important capability in wikis is to allow machines to process knowledge. Wikis that formally structure knowledge for this purpose are called semantic wikis. This paper describes the semantic wiki capabilities of ShyWiki. ShyWiki can represent knowledge at different levels of formality. Users of ShyWiki can annotate the content and represent semantic relations without being experts of semantic web data description languages. The spatial hypertext features make it suitable for users to represent unstructured knowledge and implicit graphic relations among concepts. In addition, semantic web and spatial hypertext features are combined to represent structured knowledge. The semantic web features of ShyWiki improve navigation and publish the wiki knowledge as RDF resources, including the implicit relations that are analyzed using a spatial parser.
ARE YOU UP TO THE CHALLENGE

Traffic management studies at the Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) are said to indicate that an effective means of reducing town centre congestion is by parking restraint measures, as this has been shown to be more effective than reducing fares or increasing fuel costs. A solution to the increasing demand for parking facilities could include interchange facilities for the completion of journeys by train, bus or coach. Options considered for this cover underground parking at railway stations or near express coach facilities, as well as extending development of Park-and-Ride sites as interchange points for local and long-distance journeys as well as local employers transport services. Special Parking Areas (SPAs) might be used as an incentive for local authorities to use the income generated to support other transport measures. It is suggested that parking authorities should assist with the implementation of effective integrated transport policies in conjunction with transport operators to extend the transfer of private to public transport journeys.
Reducing staff injuries and violence in a forensic psychiatric setting.

Despite the attention given to the issue of violence in the psychiatric literature, very little progress has been made towards improving our understanding of violence by the mentally ill and programs aimed at the prevention of violence are rare. This report describes the administrative and clinical efforts of the staff in a maximum security psychiatric facility when addressing an alarming increase in violence and serious staff injuries. Evaluation data include measures of aggression and violence, seclusion and restraint data, staff injuries, and incident report data.
International Perspectives on Women and Work in Hotels, Catering and Tourism

Some of these issues relate to occupational sex segregation, wage parity, promotion opportunities, the role of women within micro-enterprises and the informal hotel, catering and tourism economy. The links between equality of opportunity and treatment for women and men in quality jobs, workforce development, training opportunities and employment in the sector have been explored to a certain degree at national or local levels. However, there is less information regarding gender equality provisions and major international companies in global and regional contexts. The findings of this study point to issues of importance for employment of women as a basis for future dialogue. They also highlight important innovations, good practices and interesting case studies in support of future human resources planning for governments, employers‟ and workers‟ organizations.
Emergence and playfulness in social games

Social Games, built and played on social networks such as Facebook, have rapidly become a major force in the world of game development, and the top social games today claim more players than any other online game on any format. As social games begin to mature from their roots as simple playful social toys and into the products of big business, the patterns and mechanics used in the design have begun to be formalised. In this paper, it is argued that experimentation and playfulness is still a very important part of the play experience and a valuable source of fun. As game designs explore the space opened by the new genre of social games, it is vital for designers to leave "gaps" in the design to allow for playful and serendipitous experiences to emerge from the activities of the players. To support this argument, Caillois' classification of play is used as a lens through which social games can be examined. Examples of paidic, playful and emergent play are presented from popular social and offline games, and a detailed case study of paidic play in a new social game is presented from the designer's perspective. Interviews from participants to an open trial are discussed, and their experiences in creating their own playful experiences and goals within the formal structure of the social game design are explored.
Curcumin-Mediated Reversal of p 15 Gene Promoter Methylation : Implication in AntiNeoplastic Action against Acute Lymphoid Leukaemia Cell Line ( curcumin / apoptosis / DNA methyltransferase 1 / cell cycle )

Abbreviations: ALL – acute lymphoid leukaemia, aza – 5-aza-2’deoxycytidine, MSP – methylation-specific PCR, ROS – reactive oxygen species. Abstract. Curcumin has been documented to exert anticancer effects by interacting with altered proliferative and apoptotic pathways in cancer models. In this study, we evaluated the potential of curcumin to reverse promoter methylation of the p15 gene in Raji cells and its ability to induce apoptosis and genomic instability. Anti-neoplastic action of curcumin showed an augmentation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Subsequently, curcumin-exposed Raji cells showed structural abnormalities in chromosomes. These observations suggest that curcumin also causes ROS-mediated apoptosis and genomic instability. The treatment of Raji cell line with 10 μM curcumin caused hypomethylation of the p15 promoter after six days. Hypomethylation of p15 was further found to be favoured by downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 after 10 μM curcumin treatment for six days. Methylation-specific PCR suggested demethylation of the p15 promoter. Demethylation was further validated by DNA sequencing. Reverse-transcription PCR demonstrated that treatment with curcumin (10 μM) for six days led to the up-regulation of p15 and down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1. Furthermore, curcumin-mediated reversal of p15 promoter methylation might be potentiated by down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 expression, which was supported by cell cycle analysis. Furthermore, curcumin acts as a double-pronged agent, as it caused apoptosis and promoter hypomethylation in Raji cells. Introduction