Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic Methods for Estimating the Effective Size of Cetacean Populations

Some indirect (genetic) methods for estimating effective population size (N,) are evaluated for their suitability in studyingcetacean populations. The methodscan be grouped into those that (1) estimate current N,, (2) estimate long-term N, and (3) provide information about recent genetic bottlenecks. The methods that estimate current effective size are best suited for the analysis of small populations. and nonrandom sampling and population subdivision are probably the most serious sources of potential bias. Methods that estimate long-term N, are best suited to the analysis of large populations or entire species, may be more strongly influenced by natural selection and depend on accurate estimates of mutation or DNA base substitution rates. Precision of the estimates of N, is likely to be a limiting factor in many applications of the indirect methods.
Métodos de Pontos Interiores Aplicados ao Problema de Pré-Despacho do Sistema Hidroelétrico com Manobras e Reserva Girante

Nesse artigo os metodos de pontos interiores primais-duais foram desenvolvidos para o problema de minimizacao das perdas na geracao e transmissao do pre-despacho DC de um sistema de potencia hidroeletrico onde ocorrem adicionalmente manobras programadas e reserva girante. Sao abordados tanto o aspecto do numero de iteracoes para convergencia do metodo quanto a eficiencia da resolucao dos sistemas lineares envolvidos para obtencao de iteracoes rapidas.
A wideband blocker-resilient direct ΔΣ receiver with selective input-impedance matching

This paper presents a wideband blocker-tolerant Direct ΔΣ receiver (DDSR). Blockers are attenuated through selective input impedance matching and optimized gain design. The created impedance profile provides low receiver input impedance at blocker frequencies, while at desired frequencies, the impedance is boosted to matched condition through an up-converted positive feedback from the DDSR output. Receiver is evaluated in a 28nm fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator CMOS process with total power consumption of 25mW at 1V supply voltage. The receiver is designed for configurable operation from 0.7–2.7GHz, a baseband bandwidth of 10MHz, demonstrates a maximum noise figure of 6.2dB, and achieves a peak SNDR of 53dB with an out-of-band 1dB input compression point of −11.5dBm at 100MHz offset.
Food allergy to concealed sunflower pollen

dermatologic problem had been determined, she was employed on another ward, where she was no longer exposed to chlorprothixene. Accidentally re-exposed to chlorprothixene, she had a flare-up reaction. The cause of the repeated detection of an elevated total IgE level remained unclear. The sensitivity to p-phenylendiamine had no clinical relevance. In conclusion, the well-known contact dermatitis due to neuroleptic drugs can occur not only in phenothiazines, particularly chlorpromazine, but also in thioxanthenes. As reports about this sideeffect are less frequent than in the 1950s, it may be forgotten or thought to be unimportant, but the withdrawal of chlorpromazine merely reduced the problem and did not solve it. Therefore, health-care workers, allergists, and physicians specializing in occupational diseases should be aware of the possibility of contact allergies.
FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

The innervation of the rat submandibular gland was investigated by means of electron microscopy and cytochemical techniques. Axonal swellings partially depleted of their Schwann cell investment were observed in relationship to myoepithelial cells, acinar cells, ducts, capillaries and smooth muscle cells of arterioles. No direct contacts were found to exist between these elements and the nerve fibers. Axonal swellings containing mitochondria and vesicles fell into two distinct types: those characterized by small agranular vesicles and larger vesicles with pale cores and those characterized by small agranular vesicles and small vesicles with dense cores. Reaction product due to acetylcholinesterase activity was observed to be associated with the axolemma and the Schwann cell membrane at the axon-Schwann cell interface of many unmyelinated nerves found in relationship to both the vascular and parenchymal elements of the gland. Activity was found in association with the surface pits and vesicles of myoepithelial cells and arteriolar smooth muscle cells and with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope of the myoepithelial cells. Axonal swellings devoid of activity were observed particularly in relationship to arterioles. Reaction product was found only at the axon-Schwann cell interface when sections were incubated in medium for the demonstration of butyrylcholinesterase activity, while no reaction product was found upon addition of eserine sulfate to any of the media. The possibility that the reaction product due to acetylcholinesterase activity observed in association with the axolemma and the surface vesicles and pits of the myoepithelial cells and the arteriolar smooth muscle cells may define the autonomic cholinergic junction in the rat submandibular gland was explored.
Endocrine Disorders in Pediatric - Onset Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder with a great variety of clinical manifestations. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the pattern and the long-term course of clinical, laboratorial and radiological findings in pediatric-onset LCH. We reviewed 46 children with histological diagnosis of LCH. Ten children (22%) showed endocrine disorders. Central diabetes insipidus (DI) was observed in all ten patients; GH deficiency was confirmed in four and hypogonadism in two children. There were no adrenal, prolactin or thyroid axis abnormalities. Obesity was observed in three patients. Eight patients showed soft tissue infiltration and five bone involvement. The MRI showed a lack of posterior pituitary bright spot in all DI patients; infundibular infiltration (II) associated or not with sellar or supra-sellar mass was observed in 4 patients. We conclude that the investigation of LCH, a multi-systemic disease, should include central nervous system images. The presence of II and/or DI should raise the diagnosis of LCH. Complete endocrine evaluation, allowing an early hormone therapy, is required to obtain a better quality of life in children with LCH.
Incidence and risk factors of delirium in patients post pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND Post-operative delirium is an important and common complication of major abdominal surgery characterized by acute confusion with fluctuating consciousness. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of post-operative delirium in patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy and to determine the risk factors for its development. METHODS From a prospectively maintained database, a retrospective cohort analysis was performed of 50 consecutive patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy at the National Surgical Centre for Pancreatic Cancer in St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin and whose entire post-operative stay was in this institution, between July 2011 and December 2012. Two independent medical practitioners assessed all data and delirium was diagnosed according to criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Disorder (DSM), fourth edition. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS Seven patients (14%) developed post-operative delirium. The median onset was on the second post-operative day. Older age was predictive of an increased risk of delirium post-operatively. Those who developed delirium had a significantly increased length of stay (LOS) as well as a significantly increased risk of developing at least a grade 3 complication (Clavien-Dindo classification). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that post-operative delirium is associated with a more complicated recovery after a pancreaticoduodenectomy and that older age is independently predictive of its development. Focused screening may allow targeted preventative strategies to be used in the peri-operative period to reduce complications and costs associated with delirium.
Social interaction in cocaine users: blunted response to social gaze and underlying functional changes of the reward system

Social interaction deficits in drug users likely impede treatment, increase the burden of the affected families, and consequently contribute to the high costs for society associated with addiction. Despite its significance, the neural basis of altered social interaction in drug users is currently unknown. Therefore, we investigated basal social gaze behavior in cocaine users by applying behavioral, psychophysiological, and functional brain-imaging methods. In study I, 80 regular cocaine users and 63 healthy controls completed an interactive paradigm in which the participants’ gaze was recorded by an eyetracking device that controlled the gaze of an anthropomorphic virtual character. Valence ratings of different eye-contact conditions revealed that cocaine users show diminished emotional engagement in social interaction, which was also supported by reduced pupil responses. Study II investigated the neural underpinnings of changes in social reward processing observed in study I. Sixteen cocaine users and 16 controls completed a similar interaction paradigm as used in study I while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. In response to social interaction, cocaine users displayed decreased activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex, a key region of reward processing. Moreover, blunted activation of the medial orbitofrontal cortex was significantly correlated with a decreased social network size, reflecting problems in real-life social behavior because of reduced social reward. In conclusion, basic social interaction deficits in cocaine users as observed here may arise from altered social reward processing. Consequently, these results point to the importance of reinstatement of social reward in the treatment of stimulant addiction. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317090111 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-90161 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Preller, Katrin H; Herdener, Markus; Schilbach, Leonhard; Stämpfli, Philipp; Hulka, Lea M; Vonmoos, Matthias; Ingold, Nina; Vogeley, Kai; Tobler, Philippe N; Seifritz, Erich; Quednow, Boris B (2014). Functional changes of the reward system underlie blunted response to social gaze in cocaine users. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(7):2842-2847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317090111
Seismic impedance inversion using dictionary learning-based sparse representation and nonlocal similarity

We have addressed the seismic impedance inversion problem, which is often ill posed because of inaccurate and insufficient data. The approach taken is based on dictionary learning and sparse representation. By shifting a patch window of fixed size on all well-log data, a large number of small overlapping patches are generated. Then regarding these patches as a training set and using K-singular value decomposition algorithm, we obtain a dictionary that describes the common features of subsurface models within the current survey area. On the basis of the assumption that the subsurface geology has similarity and lateral continuity to some extent, the dictionary is used to approximate each model via sparse representations over the learned dictionary. In particular, we impose the sparse representations as additional constraints into the inversion procedure, leading to a well-defined objective function that can not only fit the observed seismic data but also honor the features of the well-log data. We adopt a coordinate descent strategy to solve this objective function. Meanwhile, to enforce lateral continuity in the inverted models, we use an additional stage in which we use the nonlocal similarity information that is extracted from seismic data as spatial coherent prior knowledge to refine the estimated models. Compared with several traditional impedance inversion methods, our algorithm can produce solutions of much higher quality qualitatively and quantitatively.
Generation dispatch with air pollutant dispersion consideration

This paper addresses a new generation dispatch method with constraints of geographical emission distribution of air pollutant dispersion. Traditionally, generation dispatch methodology considers the total cost and total amount of emission. However, even for the same amount of emission, the effect of emitted SO2, NOx and particles might be completed different due to the geographical distribution and meteorological condition. In this work, pollutants distribution associated with geographical distribution of power plants and meteorological condition will be integrated into the generation dispatch models. The generation dispatch pattern is thus established with acceptable air pollution level for a specified location. A highly efficient interior point method is employed to solve the proposed model. A standard IEEE test system is employed to demonstrate the proposed model and algorithms.
New method for long-term monitoring of intragastric pH.

AIM Consecutive monitoring of intragastric pH using the Bravo capsule. METHODS We put threads through a Bravo capsule and then affixed it to the gastric wall by endoscopic hemoclipping in seven subjects. Study data were uploaded to a computer via Datalink every 48 h. In this way, repeated monitoring of intragastric pH was undertaken. RESULTS All subjects were able to monitor gastric pH over a 1-wk period, and five for > 2 wk. No complications were encountered during the monitoring. After pH monitoring, we safely retrieved the capsule endoscopically. CONCLUSION Clipping a Bravo capsule onto the gastric wall enabled long-term intragastric pH monitoring. This is a methodological report of pH monitoring over a period of > 2 wk.
Effects of MEK inhibitors GSK1120212 and PD0325901 in vivo using 10‐plex quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics

Multiplexed isobaric tag based quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics strategies can comprehensively analyze drug treatments effects on biological systems. Given the role of mitogen‐activated protein/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (MEK) signaling in cancer and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐dependent diseases, we sought to determine if this pathway could be inhibited safely by examining the downstream molecular consequences. We used a series of tandem mass tag 10‐plex experiments to analyze the effect of two MEK inhibitors (GSK1120212 and PD0325901) on three tissues (kidney, liver, and pancreas) from nine mice. We quantified ∼6000 proteins in each tissue, but significant protein‐level alterations were minimal with inhibitor treatment. Of particular interest was kidney tissue, as edema is an adverse effect of these inhibitors. From kidney tissue, we enriched phosphopeptides using titanium dioxide (TiO2) and quantified 10 562 phosphorylation events. Further analysis by phosphotyrosine peptide immunoprecipitation quantified an additional 592 phosphorylation events. Phosphorylation motif analysis revealed that the inhibitors decreased phosphorylation levels of proline‐x‐serine‐proline (PxSP) and serine‐proline (SP) sites, consistent with extracellular‐signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibition. The MEK inhibitors had the greatest decrease on the phosphorylation of two proteins, Barttin and Slc12a3, which have roles in ion transport and fluid balance. Further studies will provide insight into the effect of these MEK inhibitors with respect to edema and other adverse events in mouse models and human patients.
Intracellular Localization of Oxidized Low-density Lipoproteins in Atherosclerotic Plaque Cells Revealed by Electron Microscopy Combined with Laser Capture Microdissection

Recently, laser capture microdissection (LCM) has become a powerful tool for investigating the genome and protein contents of cells populating normal and pathologically altered tissues. The present work reports a technique for the preparation of tissue specimens for further LCM combined with electron microscopy. In this work, atherosclerotic plaque cells containing oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) were microdissected from human carotid arteries and the intracellular distribution of oxidized LDL was examined, providing novel information about the association of microvesicles containing oxidized LDL with “lipid droplets” in macrophage foam cells.
Thyroid carcinoma metastasized to the sternum: Resection of the sternum and reconstruction with acrylic resin

Recently we resected and reconstructed the sternum in two female patients with thyroid carcinoma metastatic to the sternum. Histological diagnosis of the metastatic lesion was follicular carcinoma in the first case and papillary carcinoma in the second case. Reconstruction of the sternum was accomplished by using an acrylic resin plate alone in the first case and an acrylic resin plate sandwiched between layers of Marlex® mesh (Marlex sandwich procedure) in the second case. In the first case the acrylic resin plate was directly fixed to the ribs with metallic wires, most of which snapped off later, and a small amount of exudate accumulated around the plate for a short period of time. In contrast, the postoperative course in the second case was uneventful and the Marlex® sandwich procedure seemed superior in chest wall reconstruction following resection of the sternum. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genes for left-handedness: How to search for the needle in the haystack?

Although several genes that determine left-right asymmetry for structural syndromes such as situs inversus have been characterised in recent years (Supp, Witte, Potter, & Brueckner, 1997), there has been little progress in determining which genes or loci predispose to left-right handedness in humans. Linkage analysis has been used widely for the localisation of genes followed by their positional cloning. The complex genetics of handedness is one of the greatest problems for standard linkage analysis. Several genetic models have been proposed for the inheritance of handedness in humans. On the basis of these models, lefthandedness can be considered a common single gene trait with a high gene frequency and a non-mendelian inheritance pattern. We report here a possible strategy, using these genetic models, that can be applied for the identification for genes determining handedness in humans.
The effects of emotional salience on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder

Background. This study aimed to explore the effects of emotionally salient material on thought disorder in patients with bipolar affective disorder. Method. Seventy-one participants (20 manic, 15 depressed, 16 currently well patients and 20 non-psychiatric-controls) were interviewed in two conditions: an emotionally salient interview and a non-salient interview. Speech samples were rated using the Scale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication. Results. Manic patients presented with significantly more thought disorder than any other group in both conditions and exhibited the greatest reaction to emotionally salient material. Conclusion. The effects of emotional salience on thought, language and communication are not unique to schizophrenic patients. The speech of manic patients is more affectively responsive than the speech of remitted, bipolar depressed and normal participants. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Compendium of Physical Activity: Thai Translation and Content Validity.

OBJECTIVE To translate the compendium physical activity (compendium) proposed by Ainsworth to Thai and to validate the Thai translated version. MATERIAL AND METHOD Five steps of cross-cultural adaption were conducted as follows: (1) forward translation, (2) group review, (3) backward translation, (4) group review and final decision and (5) a pilot study. Eight hundred and twenty-one activities ofthe compendium were translated to Thai by two independents translators. Thai translated version was considered by 23 persons who have studied physical activity for at leastfive years. Backward translation was carried out by two bilingual translators. The research team completed the final Thai translation by comparing original and translated versions. For pilot study the Thai translated version was validated by 22 allied health persons. Data was analyzed by multi-rater agreement (Fleiss's kappa) and qualitative analysis. RESULTS For translations and group review, recommendations included; (a) changing to lay language with the same meaning, (b) converting the U.S. customary unit to the metric unit, and (c) using consistent language. More than 80% of 22 persons accepted the Thai translation and the Kappa agreement rangedfrom 0.187 to 0.694. Some activities demonstratedpoor multi-rater agreement and required additional definitions. CONCLUSION Thai translated compendium physical activity was constructed to reduce the language barrier and promote physical activity in Thailand. The poor to moderate agreement of each major heading of translation may partly be due to Western culture. Many activities in the compendium were assembled but they were not recognized by Thais. Hence, Thai compendium physical activity should to be developed in afuture study.
Treatment of gastric dilation and torsion in the dog. Gastric decompression by gastrostomy under local analgesia.

Nine cases of gastric dilation and torsion in dogs were treated by decompressing the stomach by gastrostomy performed under local analgesia. The technique involved a paracostal incision to expose the stomach wall which was then sutured to the skin. Incision through the stomach wall allowed drainage of gastric contents. Laparotomy to correct the gastric torsion was delayed until shock had been treated and the dogs had been stabilized. Seven of the nine cases survived the acute episode which compared favourably with results of treatment by immediate laparotomy to decompress the stomach and correct the torsion. Resume. Neuf cas de dilation et de torsion gastriques chez de jeunes chiens ont ete traites en decomprimant Festomac par gastrostomie faite sous analgesie locale. La technique a compris une incision paracostale pour exposer la paroi de l'estomac que l'on a alors suturee a la peau. L'incision a travers la paroi de l'estomac a permis que le contenu gastrique soit draine. Un certain delai pour faire une laparotomie en vue de corriger la torsion gastrique a ete observe, jusqu'a ce que le choc ait ete traite et que les chiens aient ete stabilises. Sept des neufs cas ont survecu favorablement a l'episode aigu, grâce aux resultats de traitement par une laparotomie immediate pour decom-primer l'estomac et corriger la torsion. Zusammenfassung. Neun Falle von Magenerweiterung und Torsion wurden in jungen Hunden behandelt, in dem man der Magen durch Gastrostomie entlastete, die unter Lokalanalgesie ausgefuhrt wurde. Die Technik bestand in einem paracostalem Einschnitt um die Magenwand freizulegen, die dann an die Haut genaht wurde. Ein Einschnitt durch die Magenwand ermoglichte Entleerung des Mageninhalts. Laparotomie, um die Torsion zu korrigieren, wurde verzogert, bis die Hunde fur Schock behandelt und ausgeglichener waren. Sieben von den neun Fallen uber-lebten die akute Zeitdauer gut durch Behandlung mit sofortiger Laparotomie den Magen zu entlasten und die Torsion zu beheben.