Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Detecting Intra- and Inter-Sentential Negation Scope and Focus in Dialogue

We present in this paper a study on negation in dialogues. In particular, we analyze the peculiarities of negation in dialogues and propose a new method to detect intra-sentential and inter-sentential negation scope and focus in dialogue context. A key element of the solution is to use dialogue context in the form of previous utterances, which is often needed for proper interpretation of negation in dialogue compared to literary, non-dialogue texts. We have modeled the negation scope and focus detection tasks as a sequence labeling tasks and used Conditional Random Field models to label each token in an utterance as being within the scope/focus of negation or not. The proposed negation scope and focus detection method is evaluated on a newly created corpus (called the DeepTutor Negation corpus; DT-Neg). This dataset was created from actual tutorial dialogue interactions between high school students and a state-of-the-art intelligent tutoring system.
ESCRT III repairs nuclear envelope ruptures during cell migration to limit DNA damage and cell death

Repairing tears in the nuclear envelope The nuclear envelope segregates genomic DNA from the cytoplasm and regulates protein trafficking between the cytosol and the nucleus. Maintaining nuclear envelope integrity during interphase is considered crucial. However, Raab et al. and Denais et al. show that migrating immune and cancer cells experience frequent and transitory nuclear envelope ruptures when they move through tight spaces (see the Perspective by Burke). The nuclear envelope reseals rapidly during interphase, assisted by components of the ESCRT III membrane-remodeling machinery. Science, this issue pp. 359 and 353; see also p. 295 When cells migrate, they stress their nuclear envelopes and need to guard against leakage of the nuclear contents. [Also see Perspective by Burke] In eukaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope separates the genomic DNA from the cytoplasmic space and regulates protein trafficking between the two compartments. This barrier is only transiently dissolved during mitosis. Here, we found that it also opened at high frequency in migrating mammalian cells during interphase, which allowed nuclear proteins to leak out and cytoplasmic proteins to leak in. This transient opening was caused by nuclear deformation and was rapidly repaired in an ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport)–dependent manner. DNA double-strand breaks coincided with nuclear envelope opening events. As a consequence, survival of cells migrating through confining environments depended on efficient nuclear envelope and DNA repair machineries. Nuclear envelope opening in migrating leukocytes could have potentially important consequences for normal and pathological immune responses.
Iris localization via intensity gradient and recognition through bit planes

Iris recognition is very hot topic in both research and practical applications. In this paper, a robust algorithm is proposed for iris localization and a very simple method is employed for feature extraction. Iris localization is the key step in iris recognition systems because all subsequent steps depend highly on its accuracy. The proposed algorithm utilizes important property of gradient of intensity level in the grey scale images (after converting the images into greyscale if not). Then iris is normalized into a dimensionless rectangular strip of size 128*512 pixels and different features are extracted based upon bit plane slicing of the strip to get binary iris code. ROC curves are also drawn for different features. Matching decision is based on accumulative sum of bitwise XOR of different iris codes. Experiments show that proposed localization algorithm is very effective. Results have been tabulated by evaluating the developed algorithm with 1000 eye images and recognition accuracy has reached up to 99.6%.
Scoping software process lines

Defining organization-specific process standards by integrating, harmonizing, and standardizing heterogeneous and often implicit processes is an important task, especially for large development organizations. On the one hand, such a standard must be generic enough to cover all of the organization's development activities; on the other hand, it must be as detailed and precise as possible to support employees' daily work. Today, organizations typically maintain and advance a plethora of individual processes, each addressing specific problems. This requires enormous effort, which could be spent more efficiently. This article introduces an approach for developing a Software Process Line that, similar to a Software Product Line, promises to reduce the complexity and thus, the effort required for managing the processes of a software organization. We propose Scoping, Modeling, and Architecting the Software Process Line as major steps, and describe in detail the Scoping approach we recommend, based on an analysis of the potential products to be produced in the future, the projects expected in the future, and the respective process capabilities needed. In addition, the article sketches experience from determining the scope of space process standards for satellite software development. Finally, it discusses the approach, draws conclusions, and gives an outlook on future work. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structure of the sensory domain of Escherichia coli CadC, a member of the ToxR‐like protein family

The membrane‐integral transcriptional activator CadC comprises sensory and transcriptional regulatory functions within one polypeptide chain. Its C‐terminal periplasmic domain, CadCpd, is responsible for sensing of environmental pH as well as for binding of the feedback inhibitor cadaverine. Here we describe the crystal structure of CadCpd (residues 188–512) solved at a resolution of 1.8 Å via multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) using a ReCl62− derivative. CadCpd reveals a novel fold comprising two subdomains: an N‐terminal subdomain dominated by a β‐sheet in contact with three α‐helices and a C‐terminal subdomain formed by an eleven‐membered α‐helical bundle, which is oriented almost perpendicular to the helices in the first subdomain. Further to the native protein, crystal structures were also solved for its variants D471N and D471E, which show functionally different behavior in pH sensing. Interestingly, in the heavy metal derivative of CadCpd used for MAD phasing a ReCl62− ion was found in a cavity located between the two subdomains. Amino acid side chains that coordinate this complex ion are conserved in CadC homologues from various bacterial species, suggesting a function of the cavity in the binding of cadaverine, which was supported by docking studies. Notably, CadCpd forms a homo‐dimer in solution, which can be explained by an extended, albeit rather polar interface between two symmetry‐related monomers in the crystal structure. The occurrence of several acidic residues in this region suggests protonation‐dependent changes in the mode of dimerization, which could eventually trigger transcriptional activation by CadC in the bacterial cytoplasm.
Toward incremental type checking for Java

A type system is a set of type rules and with respect to these type rules a type checker has an important role to ensure that programs exhibit a desired behavior. We consider Java type rules and extend the co-contextual formulation of type rules introduced in [1] to enable it for Java. Regarding the extension type rules result is a type, a set of context requirements and a set of class requirements. Since context and class requirements are propagated bottom-up and while traversing the syntax tree bottom-up and are merged from independent subexpression, this enables the type system to be incremental therefore the performance is increased.
Cellular Distribution of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Interaction with Gag during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly

ABSTRACT Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via its interaction with Gag, and this enzyme facilitates the selective packaging of tRNA3Lys, the primer for initiating reverse transcription, into HIV-1. The Gag/LysRS interaction is detected at detergent-resistant membrane but not in membrane-free cell compartments that contain Gag and LysRS. LysRS is found (i) in the nucleus, (ii) in a cytoplasmic high-molecular-weight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (HMW aaRS complex), (iii) in mitochondria, and (iv) associated with plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic form of LysRS lacking the mitochondrial import signal was previously shown to be efficiently packaged into virions, and in this report we also show that LysRS compartments in nuclei, in the HMW aaRS complex, and at the membrane are also not required as a primary source for viral LysRS. Exogenous mutant LysRS species unable to either enter the nucleus or bind to the cell membrane are still incorporated into virions. Many HMW aaRS components are not packaged into the virion along with LysRS, and the interaction of LysRS with p38, a protein that binds tightly to LysRS in the HMW aaRS complex, is not required for the incorporation of LysRS into virions. These data indicate that newly synthesized LysRS may interact rapidly with Gag before the enzyme has the opportunity to move to the above-mentioned cellular compartments. In confirmation of this idea, we found that newly synthesized LysRS is associated with Gag after a 10-min pulse with [35S]cysteine/methionine. This observation is also supported by previous work indicating that the incorporation of LysRS into HIV-1 is very sensitive to the inhibition of new synthesis of LysRS.
Human Error: The Persisting Risk of Blood Transfusion: A Report of Five Cases

UNLABELLED It is common experience that virus transmission, particularly transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a principal concern of patients and physicians regarding blood transfusion (1). Many physicians are probably unaware that transfusion-transmitted HIV infection is approximately 50 to 100 times less likely to occur than transfusion error (2-4). This misconception may have been encouraged by the scarcity of reports on transfusion error relative to the tremendous public attention focused on HIV infection. We present five cases illustrating how anesthesiologists, intensivists, and emergency physicians are particularly vulnerable to the risk of administering blood to the wrong recipient. All five cases were collected during a 4-yr period. Transfused units of packed red cells totaled approximately 50,000 U during this period in our department. IMPLICATIONS Human error leading to the transfusion of blood to an unintended recipient is a major source of transfusion-related fatalities. We report five cases that highlight some specific areas in which transfusion error is likely to occur.
Analysis of Post-transcriptional Regulations by a Functional, Integrated, and Quantitative Method*

In the past 10 years, transcriptome and proteome analyses have provided valuable data on global gene expression and cell functional networks. However, when integrated, these analyses revealed partial correlations between mRNA expression levels and protein abundance thus suggesting that post-transcriptional regulations may be in part responsible for this discrepancy. In the present work, we report the development of a functional, integrated, and quantitative method to measure post-transcriptional regulations that we named FunREG. This method enables (i) quantitative measure of post-transcriptional regulations mediated by selected 3′-untranslated regions and exogenous small interfering-RNA or micro-RNAs and (ii) comparison of these regulatory processes in physiologically relevant systems (e.g. cancer versus primary untransformed cells). We applied FunREG to the study of liver cancer, and we demonstrate for the first time the differential regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression at a post-transcriptional level in normal and tumoral hepatic cells. As an example, translation efficiency mediated by heparin-binding epidermal growth factor 3′-untranslated region was increased 3-fold in liver cancer cells compared with normal hepatocytes, whereas stability of an mRNA containing a portion of Cyclin D1 3′-untranslated region was increased more than 2-fold in HepG2 cells compared with normal hepatocytes. Consequently we believe that the method presented herein may become an important tool in fundamental and medical research. This approach is convenient and easy to perform, accessible to any investigator, and should be adaptable to a large number of cell type, functional and chemical screens, as well as genome scale analyses. Finally FunREG may represent a helpful tool to reconcile transcriptome and proteome data.
0.5 V Start-Up 87% Efficiency 0.75 mm² On-Chip Feed-Forward Single-Inductor Dual-Output (SIDO) Boost DC-DC Converter for Battery and Solar Cell Operation Sensor Network Micro-Computer Integration

An on-chip low power single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) DC-DC boost converter is proposed for battery and solar cell operating sensor network applications. A proposed feed forward control determines the Ton/Toff ratio precisely for each output without any compensation or linear capacitor. This feature helps reduce the costs of the external components and utilize an inexpensive process technology. A test chip was fabricated by 190-nm flash-memory embedded micro-computers CMOS process technology and can achieve an efficiency of 87% with a small area size of just 0.75 mm2. For solar cell operation, a 0.5 V start-up was achieved even with a high threshold voltage of 0.7 V with a proposed forward back biased charge pump. A constant voltage algorithm was implemented as a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control. With this MPPT control, a solar cell with an open voltage of 1.03 V and a short current of 83 mA was able to charge a super capacitor of 0.4 F up to 5 V within 80 s.
Latent infections of sensory ganglia as influenced by phosphonoformate treatment of herpes simplex virus-induced skin infections in hairless mice

Topical treatment with 3% phosphonoformate of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV)-induced skin infections of hairless mice reduced the severity of skin lesions when the treatment was initiated 3 h after virus inoculation in the lumbosacral area or 3 and 24 h after inoculation in the orofacial area. The mortality was significantly reduced in lumbosacral-infected mice and was completely prevented in orofacial-infected mice when the treatment was initiated with a delay of 24 h after virus inoculation. However, phosphonoformate did not prevent the establishment of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in the spinal and trigeminal ganglia, even when treatment was initiated as early as 3 h after infection.
An update of the DEF database of protein fold class predictions

An update is given on the Database of Expected Fold classes (DEF) that contains a collection of fold-class predictions made from protein sequences and a mail server that provides new predictions for new sequences. To any given sequence one of 49 fold-classes is chosen to classify the structure related to the sequence with high accuracy. The updated prediction system is developed using data from the new version of the 3D-ALI database of aligned protein structures and thus is giving more reliable and more detailed predictions than the previous DEF system.
Low frequency noise reduction in multilayer WSe2 field effect transistors

We report that noise level was reduced by passivating WSe2 field effect transistors (FETs) with high-k dielectric material. Low frequency noise and I-V characteristics of the device were measured from WSe2 FETs before and after the passivation with ZrO2 to confirm the effect of passivation by high-k dielectric material. As a result, there was no significant change in the I-V characteristics. In the low frequency noise analysis, our device showed 1/f noise behaviors, in agreement with the carrier number fluctuation (CNF) model. The passivation process contributed to the reduction of trap sites at the top surface, leading to the decrease of noise level at the low current regime. Extracted volume trap densities were reduced from 2.0 × 1020 cm-3eV-1 to 8.7 × 1019 cm-3eV-1.
Game analysis in a supply chain with a fair caring and service providing retailer

Service is becoming the most key factor that influences the competitive advantage and system performance of a supply chain. This paper studies a supply chain consist of one supplier and one retailer in which the additional service can be offered by the latter to its customers to increase the demand and improve the system performance. Assuming the retailer is fair concerned, this article studies and compares results from three channel scenarios, Manufacturer Stackelberg, Retail Stackelberg and Vertical Nash. We discuss their optimal decisions and study how the retailer's behavior of fairness concerns influences the service contract and coordination of supply chain.
Post-Acquisition Acculturation Study - A Small and Medium Sized Enterprise Experience

This capstone is a post-acquisition acculturation qualitative research study. Four diverse acquisitions of small to medium sized enterprise were studied post facto to understand the socio-cultural implications of acculturation and stress on employees pre-, during and post-acquisition process. The study suggests ways to explain and analyze the phenomenon. The study then delves into stress implications and coping mechanics during acculturation. Finally, the capstone study recommends an adapted framework to manage the socialization needs of acculturation to reduce stress and support synergies.
DSS Developed by Managers: What is Really Supported?

Decision Support Systems (DSS) developed by managers (DSS-M) is an important part of organizational computing. Most of these DSS are developed using evolutionary approaches stressing continuous development of decision tasks. Evolutionary approaches can have drawbacks, for example, the exploitation of old tasks instead of exploration of new possibilities. In an organization (ALFA) experiencing problems with DSS-M an intervention, using two alternative approaches, was done. Based on the ALFA case, as well as other studies of DSS-M, we present alternative discourses and views related to what DSS-M are supporting.
Electrodermal correlates of extraversion, trait anxiety and schizophrenism.

— Recording skin resistance in 34 young women it was found that extraverted subjects showed less responsiveness to moderate intensity stimuli, whereas high neuroticism or anxiety prone subjects showed more spontaneous fluctuations and better electrodermal conditioning when conditioned responses were scored relative to unconditioned responses. Further, the subjects were rated for ‘schizophrenism’ according to an inventory devised by the authors. The high schizophrenism subjects behaved electrodermally very much like the pre-schizophrenic sample in Mednick and Schulsinger's prospective study of schizophrenia; they exhibited faster recovery, greater response amplitude to aversive stimuli and faster initial habituation to these stimuli.
Physical Map of the DNA Genome of Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus

A physical map of the 88 × 106 dalton, circular DNA genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was constructed. The complete order of BamHI and XmaI restriction enzyme sites was determined. The EcoRI and HindIII fragments were partially ordered, and their general locations, relative to the BamHI and XmaI maps, were determined. Alterations in the restriction endonuclease fragment patterns of natural genotypic variants of A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, including Trichoplusia ni MEV nuclear polyhedrosis virus, were located on the physical map. Alterations were found throughout the A. californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA genome.
Blood Collection in Strong Acidic Citrate Anticoagulant Used in a Study of Dietary Influence on Basal tPA Activity

Summary Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) activity in blood and blood plasma has been difficult to determine because it is unstable, especially in subjects with high levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1). We have attempted to stabilize the tPA activity by collecting 9 volumes of blood in 1 volume acidic citrate buffer which immediately lowers the pH of the blood. At final blood pH of 4.9 to 6.3, consistent and high tPA activity levels were found. One acidic citrate buffer composition, 0.5 mol/1 citrate buffer pH 4.0, resulted in final blood pH 5.5, tPA half-life of 10 days and an acceptably low degree of haemolysis. This anticoagulant composition was selected for more extensive evaluation and was used to collect blood plasma samples from 29 volunteers in the morning after a 10-minute bed rest. Basal tPA activity, mean and SD, was 0.47 ±0.21 IU/ml. After donating of the first blood sample, 10 of the volunteers entered into a 24-hour fast after which they donated a second sample. During the fast, the basal tPA activity increased from 0.34 ±0.21 to 0.47 ±0.23 IU/ml (p = 0.05) and the PAI-1 activity decreased from 11.4±11.6 to 6.3±8.9 U/ml (p = 0.04).
Efficacy of Ambruticin Analogs in a Murine Model of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis

ABSTRACT Ambruticins are a family of polyketides. The antifungal activity of an ambruticin, KOSN-2079, was tested in the mouse model of invasive aspergillosis. KOSN-2079 significantly reduced pulmonary fungal burdens and improved survival over that with the vehicle control. These results support the continued development of ambruticins as antifungal agents.
On the performance and feasibility of multicast core selection heuristics

A core-based forwarding multicast protocol uses a core router as a traffic transit center: all multicast packets are first sent to the core, then distributed to destinations on a multicast tree rooted at the core. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, via simulation, the effect of various core selection methods on multicast performance. The main contribution of this work is the discovery of a simple yet effective core selection heuristic that can be implemented in a wide range of networks. Specifically, our results show that the tree center heuristic (using the center of the existing multicast tree as the new core node) significantly outperforms heuristics based on random selection, and performs as well as heuristics that are more computationally expensive.
Patterns of Foreign Investment in the Third World in the Twentieth Century 1

INTRODUCTION This paper studies the size and evolution of foreign investment in the third world during this century, addressing three related and essentially descriptive questions: how large was foreign investment into these countries at the start of this century, where was it large, and how has it evolved over time in Latin America? Our analysis will be presented for total foreign investment and its two components, portfolio and direct investment, and size will be judged by comparisons of foreign investment stocks primarily with two indicators; population and gross domestic (or national) product (hereafter GDP). This ultimately leads to a consideration of the degree to which these indicators serve as useful proxies for a third variable, foreign investment as a fraction of total capital—or foreign ownership of national capital. Before we begin, let us clarify some key terms. Total foreign investment (FI) is the sum of portfolio and foreign direct investment (FDI); the former are loans paying a fixed rate of interest, while the latter involve fixed investment over which the investor maintains control. The railroad sector falls somewhere between the categories of portfolio and direct, when the