Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of Danaharta in managing and rehabilitating financially troubled companies in Malaysia – part two

1.The introduction of Danaharta Since Malaysia gained independence from the British in 1957, it has slowly developed from being a third world country into a developing country, with government emphasis on becoming an industrialized nation by the year 2020.In pursuit of this vision the country has achieved notable economic success evidenced by economic growth of more than 8% between 1986 and 1996.By 1997 Malaysia was the 18th biggest exporting and the 17th biggest importing nation in the world.But in mid-1997, the country was hit by the Asian financial crisis, which is still the worst financial crisis Malaysia has experienced since independence.As a result the country was put on the edge of recession, and the whole of the Malaysian economy registered a negative growth rate of 7.5% in 1998, the per capita income contracted by more than 1.8% in 1998, and the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange ('KLSE') composite index dropped by 44.9% during the period from 1 July 1997 to 31 December 1997.The composite index was at a low of 262.70 on 1 September 1998 and the KLSE market capitalization dropped by about 76% to MYR 181. billion between 1 July 1997 and 1 September 1998. Interest on non-performing loans ('NPLs') increased, and the cost of funds rose to a high of 20% in early 1998. The impact of the financial crisis left numerous companies fighting for their survival.The serious financial problems faced by many companies led lenders to record high levels of NPLs, causing banks and financial institutions to tighten their lending and switch their attention to rehabilitating the NPLs on their books.As a result viable businesses were prevented from getting funds to generate economic activities which drove the Malaysian Government to address and considerably improve rescue mechanisms by targeting the rising numbers of NPLs and other effects of the crisis.In 1998, the Government created the National Economic Action Council ('NEAC') to form 'concrete recommendations to the Government to arrest the worsening economic situation and revitalise the economy'. The NEAC launched the National Economic Recovery Plan ('NERP') to provide a comprehensive framework for economic recovery and to counter the negative impact of the Malaysian Ringgit ('MYR') depreciation and the decline of the stock market. The NERP contained more than 580 detailed recommendations including wide-ranging proposals for economic stabilisation and structural reforms while addressing socio-economic priorities and sectors affected by the financial crisis. Under the NERP recommendations, strengthening financial markets and economic fundamentals were high on its priority list.
Robot-aided sensorimotor arm training improves outcome in patients with chronic stroke

Thirty patients with chronic stroke received 6 weeks of sensorimotor robotic training in a pilot study that targeted motor function of the affected shoulder and elbow. The impairment and disability scores were stable during a 2-month observation/measurement period, improved significantly by program completion, and remained robust in the 3-month follow-up. Task-specific motor training attenuated a chronic neurologic deficit well beyond the expected period for improvement after stroke.
Non-iterative algorithm for finding shortest route

The use of non-iterative shortest route algorithm for finding shortest route between points in a network is illustrated. The non-iterative approach can be applied to various network problems that can be solved using shortest route algorithm and provides a solution with much less effort. The algorithm makes use of an n × n tableau to produce an optimum solution. The non-iterative technique provides an efficient solution procedure in terms of computational savings for large versions of network problems. The study revealed that problems can be solved using a reasonable amount of computer time by the non-iterative algorithm when other approaches are computationally unrealistic. This paper also establishes that the travelling salesman problem can be solved by non-iterative approach.
Smartwatches: Accessory or Tool? The Driving Force of Visibility and Usefulness

Although still in the early stages of diffusion, smartwatches represent the most popular type of wearable devices. Yet, little is known why some people are more likely to adopt smartwatches than others. To deepen the understanding of underlying factors prompting adoption behavior, the authors develop a theoretical model grounded in technology acceptance and social psychology literature. Empirical results reveal perceived usefulness and visibility as important factors that drive intention. The magnitude of these antecedents is influenced by an individual’s perception of viewing smartwatches as a technology and/or as a fashion accessory. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Transition of Investment Strategies in the Security Market:A View of Evolution

The transition between new and existing investment strategies is studied with evo-lutionary game theoretical models.Proportion of investors choosing the existing strategy and the relative utility of choosing the new strategy play a crucial role in deciding the difficulty for the ex-isting strategy to reach ESS equilibrium;ESS equilibrium of the existing strategy is not SSE,but that of the new strategy is;under certain patterns for investors'space distribution and information exchange,the size of investors choosing the new strategy and the extent to which the coordination effect is localized determine whether the new strategy diffuses or not.
Research of Cash Holdings Dynamic Adjustment Behavior of Chinese Listed Companies

Corporate cash holdings dynamic model constructed by dynamic panel data econometric method is better than the static model in capturing the dynamic adjustment speed and form of corporate cash holdings. This paper uses the model to make empirical study of Chinese market. The empirical results show that,there is optimal level of cash holdings,but because of the adjustment cost, the firms can only adjust their cash holdings to the optimal level partially,and the adjustment speed is low,this lead to a special form of continuous single-direction adjustment. Besides,firm size,investment opportunity,financial leverage and other determinants also have significant impacts on cash holdings in the dynamic adjustment process.
Predicting Commercial Real Estate Yields: A Note on Institutional and Cultural Factors as Measures of Risk

This paper aims at providing both a conceptual and practical framework for assessing real estate risk factors as a way of predicting real estate yields. Real estate returns - as those of any financial asset - are linked to their risk. However, real estate risk is much more difficult to measure than the risk of other, more liquid, financial assets. We assess the country-specific risk using level of development, as measured by GDP per capita, and - in addition - cultural and institutional variables. We find that, as expected, the GDP per capita measure accounts for much of the variance in real estate yields. Furthermore, institutional and cultural factors are also statistically significant in accounting for this variation, and improve the quality of yield prediction. A test of the accuracy of the model's prediction on out-of-sample data yielded satisfactory results. These findings are significant both from a theoretical and applied point of view.
Market Structure of China’s Steel Industry

China’s steel industry has developed over last 60 years into the world biggest. China accounted for 36.4% of world steel production and 43.3% of world total consumption in 2007. It has driven by rapid modernization of its economy, construction, infrastructure and manufacturing industries. This paper employs yearly firm level data from 2005-2007 to test empirically the market share reflected by component variables in the steel industry. We introduced an empirical econometric model of estimation equations and stochastic structure. This permits us to separately identify how efficiency, location, proprietary, and organizational characteristics of a firm affect its market share. Introduction China is the world's largest market for steel. The steel industry is gradually increasing and annual crude steel output was 100 million in 1996. It produced 123 million tons of steel in 1999. After its ascension to the WTO it aggressively expanded its production for its growing appetite of manufacturing industries such as automotive vehicles, consumer electronics and building materials. In 2009, China produced over 567 million tons of crude steel, which is 10 times the U.S. production, nearly half of the world’s steel. The Chinese steel industry is dominated by a number of large state-owned groups which are owned via shareholdings by local authorities, provincial governments and even the central authorities. The Chinese steel industry is highly fragmented, with more than 3,000 steel producers, which makes the domestic market highly competitive and difficult to control. Its growth also faces constraints such as dependence on imported iron ore and high energy consumption. The Chinese government has shown interest in stepping up its efforts to rein in steel overcapacity and to consolidate and restructure the steel industry [1]. Many researchers had shown their interests in this research field [2-8]. The objective of this paper is to measure market share structural of Chinese steel industry. We adopted econometric techniques with firm level data form 2005-2007 for a particular industry. This econometric model is design to find the effect of variables on the market share and the changes of market share over time [9-10]. It also aimed to examine whether technology varies among different firm size and ownership of steel industry. In this paper, the firm level data is from National Audit Department of China of the Chinese steel industry firms and china’s import and export data is from world steel association. The annual firm level and national import/export data are used to construct an accurate market share percentage of each firm in this industry. This also permits us to examine the market share for particular group which can by classified by firm size, location and ownership.
Regional Partnership Grant Program Cross-Site Evaluation Design Report: Executive Summary

Mathematica is designing and conducting a cross-site evaluation of the Congressionally authorized Regional Partnership Grants (RPG) program, and providing evaluation technical assistance to the partnerships to conduct their own independent evaluations. This is the executive summary of the report that describes the approved design of the national cross-site evaluation. It presents an overview of a conceptual framework, research questions, methods, and planned reports.
The Impact of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002: The Perspective of CFOs

A survey that describes the impact of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 from the perspective of CFOs of US publicly traded firms is summarized and discussed. The test result suggests that steeper costs of regulatory filings due to the compliance with the Act are the most likely reason for a firm to consider deregistering its shares with the SEC. The results of the survey indicate that some proper corporate governance practices envisioned by the Act were largely in place before its enactment. The very purpose of the Act is to restore and maintain investor confidence after the recent corporate scandals, and the cost of compliance with the Act is ongoing and considerable. The results of the survey should be of interest to individual investors, the investing public, the academic community, as well as policymakers.
The Relationship between Institutional Investor and Remuneration in Family Firm

Institutional investor interest associated with firm wealth and required monitor on board of director. In order to remaining board motivation higher remuneration should be awarded especially to family executive due to top position is among them. This study examined the relationship between the institutional investor and remuneration in family firm. Based on the sample size of this study of 537 firms listed in Bursa Malaysia with 1,611 pieces of panel data from 2007 and 2009, this study finds a significant positive relationship between the institutional investor and remuneration, which is suggests the effectiveness of institutional investor role. In addition, evidence shows that family firm is significant positive with director remuneration. However no evidence shows that institutional investor is insignificant with remuneration in family firm. This study shows that family executive does not manipulated power and control for personal interest but had similar interest with institutional investor regards to remuneration.
Reconciling gene trees with organism history: the mtDNA phylogeography of three Nesotes species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on the western Canary Islands

The processes of island colonization and speciation are investigated through mtDNA studies on Canary Island beetles. The genus Nesotes (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is represented by 19 endemic species on the Canary Islands, the majority of which are single island endemics. Nesotes conformis is the most widespread, occurring on Gran Canaria, Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. Nesotes conformis forms a paraphyletic assemblage, with a split between Gran Canaria and the other three islands. Nesotes conformis of the western Canary Islands cluster with Nesotes altivagans and Nesotes elliptipennis from Tenerife. Fifty‐two individuals from this western islands species complex have been sequenced for 675 base pairs of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase II gene, representing Tenerife, La Palma and El Hierro. A neighbour joining analysis of maximum likelihood distances resulted in three distinct mtDNA lineages for N. conformis, two of which also include mitotypes of N. altivagans and N. elliptipennis. Through application of parametric bootstrap tests, we are able to reject hypotheses of monophyly for both N. conformis and N. altivagans. Nesotes altivagans and N. elliptipennis are poorly separated morphologically and mtDNA sequence data adds support to this being one species with a highly variable morphology. We propose that N. altivagans/N. elliptipennis is recently derived from two ancestral mtDNA lineages within N. conformis from the Teno region of Tenerife. We further propose colonization of the younger islands of La Palma and El Hierro by N. conformis from a mitochondrial lineage within the Teno massif (colonization; diversification; mitochondrial DNA; Canary Islands; Coleoptera).
The Influence of the Basic State on the Northern Hemisphere Circulation Response to Climate Change

Abstract Employing a comprehensive atmospheric general circulation model, the authors have shown in a previous study that the time-mean Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter circulation response to a CO2 doubling perturbation depends significantly on parameterized orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) parameter settings, which are essentially related to the strength of OGWD. A possible implication is that aspects of the greenhouse gas–induced circulation response could depend directly on the formulation and internal parameters settings of the OGWD scheme. Such a result would further heighten the importance of OGWD parameterizations for climate studies and have far-reaching implications for modeled projections of future climate change. In this study the causal relationship between OGWD and changes in time-mean NH wintertime circulation response to CO2 doubling is investigated. This is accomplished by introducing a methodology that allows one to hold the OGWD forcing fixed to its 1 × CO2 value when CO2 is doubled.
Shareholder Activism Through the Proxy Process

This paper provides evidence on the corporate governance role of shareholderinitiated proxy proposals. Previous studies debate over whether activists use proxy proposals to discipline firms or to simply advance their self-serving agendas, and whether proxy proposals are effective at all in addressing governance concerns. Using the largest sample yet examined as well as extensive controls for governance quality, we find that activists use the proxy process as a disciplinary mechanism, and as such are valuable monitoring agents. Moreover, proposal announcements in the proxy statements have positive stock price effects, and both the market and the voting shareholders respond as much to the target firm’s governance quality as to the proposal’s objective and sponsoring shareholder. We address the endogeneity of target selection and proposal success using sample selection models. We conclude that shareholder proposals have nontrivial control benefits, countering arguments that they should be restricted by the SEC.
Copper foil windings for WPT systems

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising technology for charging electric vehicles (EVs) as it is convenient, and less sensitive to the environmental conditions. Usually charging coils (pads) of WPT based EV charging systems are made of Litz wire, making coils bulky and expensive with relatively high copper losses. This paper investigates the use of copper foil based pad designs for WPT systems to reduce both the cost and losses. A comparison of Litz wire based and copper foil based pads is presented in terms of flux distribution and coupling performance. A new curved shaped copper foil design is also proposed, presenting results in comparison to a simple copper foil pad design. Both simulated and experimental results suggest that the losses can be reduced significantly by the proposed curved copper foil coil design.
Paramecium tetraurelia Encodes Unconventional Actin Containing Short Introns

The polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify and clone an actin gene fragment from Paramecium tetraurelia. This DNA fragment was 1,138 bp long, more than 96% of the actin coding sequence, and contained four in‐frame UAA codons and two small introns located at positions unique in the actin intron catalogue. This is the first report for the phylum Ciliophora of an actin gene containing introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of this actin fragment shared 58‐77% identity with other actins. When compared with rabbit α‐muscle actin, similarities were observed mainly in subdomains 1 and 3, whereas subdomains 2 and 4 appeared to be more divergent.
Crystal structure of UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine acyltransferase fromHelicobacter pylori

Introduction. Lipid A is the hydrophobic anchor of lipopolysaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria and is required for growth of most Gram-negative bacteria. It is also necessary for maintaining the integrity of the outer membrane as a barrier to toxic chemicals. Therefore, the study of the enzymes involved in lipid A biosynthesis would be useful for the development of new antibacterial drugs against Gram-negative bacteria. UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (LpxA) is the first enzyme of the lipid A biosynthetic pathway. It catalyzes the transfer of an R-3-hydroxyacyl chain from R-3-hydroxy-acyl carrier protein (ACP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc) at the glucosamine 3-OH position. Among nine enzymes of lipid A biosynthetic pathway, information on the 3D structure is available on LpxA from Escherichia coli only. It is a trimer composed of three identical subunits of 262 residues and contains a left-handed parallel -helix motif. However, the crystal structure of E. coli LpxA determined at 2.6-Å resolution did not contain any bound ligand and provided little information on the active site. The interaction site of LpxA involved in binding ACP is also unknown. Therefore, further structural data on LpxA will be valuable for a better understanding of the active site and structure-based inhibitor design. Here, we present the crystal structure of LpxA from Heliobacter pylori refined using 2.1-Å data. The sequence identity between H. pylori LpxA (270 residues, 29,855 Da) and that from E. coli is 39.3% over the entire polypeptide chain. Thanks to higher resolution, we could assign solvent molecules as well as bound ions. Further, an extra electron density is present in the putative active site and we tentatively interpret this unknown ligand as a detergent molecule, which seems to mimic the acyl chain of the substrate or the product. On the basis of this observation, together with the location of strictly conserved residues and the highly positively charged surface of the C-terminal helical domain, we propose a model for the complex between LpxA and ACP.
Power Imbalance in UK Agri-Food Supply Channels: Learning to Live with the Supermarkets?

This study investigates the issue of power in the context of UK agri-food industry vertical business-to-business relationships, where the majority of control lies in the hands of large multiple retailers. Predominant in agri-food channels is the reduced supplier sourcing model; featured is the widespread application of Category Management (CM) and network supply co-ordination, through a new breed of super middlemen. The received view from the Relationship Marketing (RM) literature with its emphasis on trust, dyadic symmetry and mutuality is questioned. It is contended, alternatively that other types of relationships, for example, those based on selfishness are equally relevant; and that power imbalanced business relationships are just as important to the understanding of business exchange. Further, power should be a central consideration when concerned with business relationships and imbalance in power is no specific barrier to parties entering into collaborative relationships or to their success. This article contends that acceptance of power-imbalance is a key first-step to successful relationship building in agri-food channels and although collaborative chain activity is endorsed, suppliers are advised that this still means operating within conditions of imbalanced power and reward.
Customer perspectives on the role and importance of branding in Irish retail financial services

Purpose – This paper explores the role of financial services brand values and compares the importance of process and outcome factors in terms of their impact on customer perceptions, behaviour and experience.Design/methodology/approach – Building on exploratory managerial and consumer research, 50 in‐depth interviews were conducted with a quota sample of Irish consumers representing the desired range of demographic and product‐related characteristics, including income and financial experience.Findings – Contrary to the literature, functional values are deemed by consumers to be significantly more important than emotional values. In addition, process factors, facilitated through positive interactions with staff, play a comparatively more salient role than outcome factors in building positive brand experience.Research limitations/implications – Further in‐depth qualitative and/or quantitative studies need to be conducted with larger sample sizes to address issues in terms of making inferences and generalisa.