Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teacher Planning, Teacher Behavior, and Student Achievement

This study investigated individual differences in teacher planning and the relationship of teacher planning to teacher behavior and student achievement. Each of 12 experienced teachers taught a social studies lesson to three groups of junior high students (N=8 per group) randomly formed from 288 paid volunteers. Before teaching each group, teachers had 90 minutes to “think aloud” and plan the lesson. Teachers’ planning and teaching were recorded and coded. Students completed achievement and attitude measures after the lesson. Results indicated that generally, the greatest proportion of planning statements concerned the subject matter, but substantial differences occurred. Planning differences were related to teachers’ cognitive styles and abilities. Relationships between teacher planning, teacher behavior, and student outcomes also appeared.
Is the P300 component a manifestation of context updating?

Abstract To understand the endogenous components of the event-related brain potential (ERP), we must use data about the components' antecedent conditions to form hypotheses about the information-processing function of the underlying brain activity. These hypotheses, in turn, generate testable predictions about the consequences of the component. We review the application of this approach to the analysis of the P300 component. The amplitude of the P300 is controlled multiplicatively by the subjective probability and the task relevance of the eliciting events, whereas its latency depends on the duration of stimulus evaluation. These and other factors suggest that the P300 is a manifestation of activity occurring whenever one's model of the environment must be revised. Tests of three predictions based on this “context updating” model are reviewed. Verleger's critique is based on a misconstrual of the model as well as a partial and misleading reading of the relevant literature.
The Women in Applied Science and Engineering Summer Bridge Program: easing the transition for first-time female engineering students

The Women in Applied Science and Engineering (WISE) Summer Bridge Program is designed to prepare incoming female students for the transition from high school to the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences (CEAS) at Arizona State University (ASU). This program offers academic reviews in courses such as mathematics, physics, and chemistry. Computer programming tutorials are also offered in Excel and HTML to better prepare students for their freshman introductory engineering course. Participants acclimate to the campus by receiving general information concerning the university, financial aid, and departmental advising. Students attending the program become familiar with the campus, have a head start on their freshman engineering classes, and have a chance to meet other female students. An overview of the WISE Summer Bridge Program is presented as well as retention data for 1998 and 1999 program participants. In addition, the paper discusses the need for and impact of bridge programs specifically geared toward female students. Further, the paper investigates other life circumstances, such as level of involvement in student activities, living situation, and employment that impact retention of these students. Finally, future projections of implementation and direction of student retention programs are explored.
The Protective Effect of Agaricus blazei Murrill, Submerged Culture Using the Optimized Medium Composition, on Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury

Agaricus blazei Murrill (ABM), an edible mushroom native to Brazil, is widely used for nonprescript and medicinal purposes. Alcohol liver disease (ALD) is considered as a leading cause for a liver injury in modern dietary life, which can be developed by a prolonged or large intake of alcohol. In this study, the medium composition of ABM was optimized using response surface methodology for maximum mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production. The model predicts to gain a maximal mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide at 1.047 g/100 mL, and 0.367 g/100 mL, respectively, when the potato is 29.88 g/100 mL, the glucose is 1.01 g/100 mL, and the bran is 1.02 g/100 mL. The verified experiments showed that the model was significantly consistent with the model prediction and that the trends of mycelial biomass and extracellular polysaccharide were predicted by artificial neural network. After that, the optimized medium was used for the submerged culture of ABM. Then, alcohol-induced liver injury in mice model was used to examine the protective effect of ABM cultured using the optimized medium on the liver. And the hepatic histopathological observations showed that ABM had a relatively significant role in mice model, which had alcoholic liver damage.
Finding Needles in the Haystack: Harnessing Syslogs for Data Center Management

Network device syslogs are ubiquitous and abundant in modern data centers with most large data centers producing millions of messages per day. Yet, the operational information reflected in syslogs and their implications on diagnosis or management tasks are poorly understood. Prevalent approaches to understanding syslogs focus on simple correlation and abnormality detection and are often limited to detection providing little insight towards diagnosis and resolution. Towards improving data center operations, we propose and implement Log-Prophet, a system that applies a toolbox of statistical techniques and domain-specific models to mine detailed diagnoses. Log-Prophet infers causal relationships between syslog lines and constructs succinct but valuable problem graphs, summarizing root causes and their locality, including cascading problems. We validate Log-Prophet using problem tickets and through operator interviews. To demonstrate the strength of Log-Prophet, we perform an initial longitudinal study of a large online service provider's data center. Our study demonstrates that Log-Prophet significantly reduces the number of alerts while highlighting interesting operational issues.
Prefrontal Hemodynamics of Physical Activity and Environmental Complexity During Cognitive Work

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess performance and cognitive states during cognitive work in the presence of physical work and in natural settings. Background: Authors of previous studies have examined the interaction between cognitive and physical work, finding performance decrements in working memory. Neuroimaging has revealed increases and decreases in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin during the interaction of cognitive and physical work. The effect of environment on cognitive-physical dual tasking has not been previously considered. Method: Thirteen participants were monitored with wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as they performed an auditory 1-back task while sitting, walking indoors, and walking outdoors. Results: Relative to sitting and walking indoors, auditory working memory performance declined when participants were walking outdoors. Sitting during the auditory 1-back task increased oxygenated hemoglobin and decreased deoxygenated hemoglobin in bilateral prefrontal cortex. Walking reduced the total hemoglobin available to bilateral prefrontal cortex. An increase in environmental complexity reduced oxygenated hemoglobin and increased deoxygenated hemoglobin in bilateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: Wireless fNIRS is capable of monitoring cognitive states in naturalistic environments. Selective attention and physical work compete with executive processing. During executive processing loading of selective attention and physical work results in deactivation of bilateral prefrontal cortex and degraded working memory performance, indicating that physical work and concomitant selective attention may supersede executive processing in the distribution of mental resources. Application: This research informs decision-making procedures in work where working memory, physical activity, and attention interact. Where working memory is paramount, precautions should be taken to eliminate competition from physical work and selective attention.
Financial Aid Packaging Policies: Access and Ideology

Despite its importance in the administration of financial aid, relatively little is known about packaging policy. Billions of dollars each school year are distributed through public and private programs, and nearly all colleges and universities assemble financial aid packages for students whose eligibility is computed by third party form-processors. Yet even with major investments in financial assistance-and increasing research and policy analyses of financial aidscant attention has been paid to the economic, equity, or policy dimensions of packaging. This omission is anomalous, for the major federal higher education legislative debates have been about financial aid: whether to establish massive grant and loan programs, to expand these programs to middle-income students, or, currently, to trim federal costs in the financial aid programs [16]. Researchers have little record of public debate on packaging issues because there is no national consensus on packaging policy. Institutions have wide discretion, within broad governmental and College Scholarship Service guidelines, to combine resources according to institutional priorities. A federal task force attempted to identify acceptable guidelines for distributing financial aid and conceded defeat: "The existence of several similar but yet distinctive concepts has instead served more to confuse matters, perhaps even deterring the develop-
Emulation of Software Faults: A Field Data Study and a Practical Approach

The injection of faults has been widely used to evaluate fault tolerance mechanisms and to assess the impact of faults in computer systems. However, the injection of software faults is not as well understood as other classes of faults (e.g., hardware faults). In this paper, we analyze how software faults can be injected (emulated) in a source-code independent manner. We specifically address important emulation requirements such as fault representativeness and emulation accuracy. We start with the analysis of an extensive collection of real software faults. We observed that a large percentage of faults falls into well-defined classes and can be characterized in a very precise way, allowing accurate emulation of software faults through a small set of emulation operators. A new software fault injection technique (G-SWFIT) based on emulation operators derived from the field study is proposed. This technique consists of finding key programming structures at the machine code-level where high-level software faults can be emulated. The fault-emulation accuracy of this technique is shown. This work also includes a study on the key aspects that may impact the technique accuracy. The portability of the technique is also discussed and it is shown that a high degree of portability can be achieved
A Novel Three Phase Multilevel Inverter Topology for Induction Motor Drive

The poor quality of voltage and current of a conventional inverter fed induction machine is due to the presence of harmonics and hence there is significant level of energy losses. The nine level inverter is used to reduce the harmonics. The inverters with a large number of steps can generate high quality voltage waveforms. The concept of multilevel inverters, introduced about 20 years ago entails performing power conversion in multiple voltage steps to obtain improved power quality, lower switching losses, better electromagnetic compatibility, and higher voltage capability. The benefits are especially clear for medium-voltage drives in industrial applications and are being considered for future naval ship propulsion systems. The application of pulsewidthmodulated (PWM) voltages using two-level high-voltage inverters to a squirrel-cage induction motor (SQIM) can cause heating of rotor shaft, voltage spike across the motor terminals, etc. The increase in the number of steps of the motor voltage and hence decreasing the dv/dt applied to the machine terminals can be a solution to this problem. The existing topologies that generate this multistep voltage include cascading of a number of single-phase inverters or use of higher order multilevel inverters. In this paper, a topology with series connection of three-phase three-level inverters is proposed, which addresses the problems of medium-voltage drives.
A new type of density-management diagram for slash pine plantations

Many Density-Management Diagrams (DMD) have been developed for conifer species throughout the world based on stand density index (SDI). The diagrams often plot the logarithm of average tree size (volume, weight, or quadratic mean diameter) over the logarithm of trees per unit area. A new type of DMD is presented for slash pine (Pinus elliottii var elliottii) plantations where SDI is plotted over age. This proposed DMD eliminates two existing problems with current DMDs: (1) the need to estimate age from other measures found on traditional DMDs, and (2) a second variable also directly dependent on either age or SDI can be placed on a third axis. Plotting SDI over age clearly shows when thinnings need to be conducted to obtain a certain tree size-density objective both in terms of stand density and age. Yet this proposed DMD does not violate the well-known principle that DMDs are independent of age. Understory models are usually developed using an overstory density measure that includes both trees per unit area and a diameter measure (i.e. basal area per unit area or SDI per unit area) making it difficult to include them on current DMDs. Plotting SDI over age allows understory vegetation development to be easily included on a DMD. This provides a natural resource manager the ability to see what impacts a particular tree sizedensity objective has on understory vegetation production over time. An understory vegetation model was developed to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed DMD.
The myth of the reflexive worker: class and work histories in neo-liberal times

Several influential social theorists contend that the increased insecurity injected into the labour market by neo-liberal economic policies, coupled with a discourse of flexibility concretised in lifelong learning initiatives, have contributed to the withering of class in contemporary society. Careers and job shifts now follow a ‘de-standardised’ pattern, they argue, in which people incessantly switch between divergent occupations, education, training and benefits, all propelled by a socially-induced reflexivity that knows no class bounds. Empirical assessments of this bold assertion have, so far, been far from supportive but, being chiefly quantitative in orientation, leave many important questions unanswered. This paper, starting out from a theory of class indebted to the late Pierre Bourdieu, draws on a qualitative research project examining the life histories of 55 individuals to fill in the gaps and demonstrate how work trajectories, despite changes that have taken place, are still driven along class tracks by class motors.
Optimizing Cloud-RAN deployments in real-life scenarios using Microwave Radio

Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) is a new architecture designed to be the candidate for enabling future mobile networks. However, it will be deployed only if it is economically viable. In this paper we investigate the technological options of C-RAN deployments. By using analytical methods we derive engineering guidelines for minimizing the CAPital EXpenditure (CAPEX) of C-RAN deployment. We show for which population density and span of BBU Pool coverage usage of Microwave Radio (MWR) links is viable. For larger scale deployment we recommend to divide the area into multiple BBU Pools.
University of Ljubljana System for Interspeech 2011 Speaker State Challenge

The paper presents our efforts in the Interspeech 2011 Speaker State Challenge. Both systems, for the Intoxication and the Sleepiness Sub-Challenge, are based on a Universal Background Model (UBM) in a form of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), and the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) adaptation. With the combination of our HMM-UBM-MAP derived supervectors and selected statistical functionals from thebaseline feature set, we were able to surpass the baseline system in both sub-challenges. By employing majority voting fusion of best systems we were able to further improve the performance. In the Intoxication Sub-Challenge our best result on the test set is 67.46%, and in the Sleepiness Sub-Challenge 71.28%. Index Terms: Intoxication, Sleepiness, HMM-UBM-MAP
Assumptions Underlying the Use of Content Validity

A reflection of the present stage of refinement of the validity concept is to be found in the Technical Recommendations for Psychological Tests, produced by the APA Committee on Test Standards (2). This Committee found it useful to distinguish four senses in which the term validity may be used, or four aspects of validity, namely, content validity, predictive validity, concurrent validity, and construct validity. Differentiation of the validity concept in this wise stems from a recognition of the various uses made of tests and psychological aids, and of the consequent variations in the kinds of evidence appropriate for judging their probable goodness or usefulness.
Virulence and pathophysiology of the Congo Basin and West African strains of monkeypox virus in non-human primates.

Monkeypox virus is divided into Congo Basin and West African strains. The virulence and pathophysiology of two strains, Zr-599 (a Congo Basin monkeypox virus) and Liberia (a West African monkeypox virus), were evaluated in non-human primates. Four monkeys were infected by the subcutaneous (SC) and two by the intranasal (IN) inoculation routes for Zr-599 and Liberia at a dose of 10(6) p.f. u. One monkey in the Liberia/SC group was demonstrated to be co-infected with Gram-positive cocci and was excluded from analyses. Infections in three of the four Zr-599/SC monkeys and in one of the three Liberia/SC monkeys were fatal. Virus genome levels in blood in the Zr-599/SC monkeys were approximately 10 times higher than those in the Liberia/SC monkeys. Zr-599 affected respiratory, genito-urinary and gastrointestinal tract organs more severely than Liberia. Zr-599 was more virulent than Liberia and one of the factors might be the difference in organ tropism.
Guaranteed exponential convergence without persistent excitation in adaptive control

In this paper, a new adaptive control framework for linear systems in which the matched uncertainty can be linearly parameterized is introduced to guarantee the global exponential stability of reference tracking error and parameter convergence error without requiring restrictive persistent excitation condition. The framework uses time histories of control input and system signals to construct least-squares problem based on recorded data. Then, unique solution to least-squares problem is computed, and assigned as pre-selected value in well-known σ-modification term. Such indirect use of recorded data matrices results in globally exponential convergence of tracking error and parameter convergence error provided that the recorded matrix satisfies the simple rank condition. The proofs are given by Lyapunov stability theorem, and the results are illustrated with simulations.
Instance-Based Relevance Feedback for Image Retrieval

High retrieval precision in content-based image retrieval can be attained by adopting relevance feedback mechanisms. These mechanisms require that the user judges the quality of the results of the query by marking all the retrieved images as being either relevant or not. Then, the search engine exploits this information to adapt the search to better meet user's needs. At present, the vast majority of proposed relevance feedback mechanisms are formulated in terms of search model that has to be optimized. Such an optimization involves the modification of some search parameters so that the nearest neighbor of the query vector contains the largest number of relevant images. In this paper, a different approach to relevance feedback is proposed. After the user provides the first feedback, following retrievals are not based on k-nn search, but on the computation of a relevance score for each image of the database. This score is computed as a function of two distances, namely the distance from the nearest non-relevant image and the distance from the nearest relevant one. Images are then ranked according to this score and the top k images are displayed. Reported results on three image data sets show that the proposed mechanism outperforms other state-of-the-art relevance feedback mechanisms.
A New Model for Image Segmentation

As a region-based approach, the Mumford-Shah (MS) model is a robust image segmentation technique. However, the solution of the MS model is not trivial. Although some alternative approaches have been presented, these methods are either inefficient or applicable only to some special cases. We present a new model which consists of two terms, the length of the segmentation curve and the high-frequency component in the regions. Because only one variable needs to be solved, the method of solution is very efficient. Using the level set method, the approach can segment objects with complicated image intensity distribution without any approximations. In addition, the new model can segment both step and roof edges.
A knowledge-based electrocardiogram-monitoring system for detection of the onset of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic patients

Nocturnal hypoglycaemia has been implicated in the sudden deaths of young people with diabetes. Experimental hypoglycaemia has been found to prolong the ventricular repolarisation and to affect the T wave morphology. It is postulated that abnormally low blood glucose could in certain circumstances, be responsible for the development of a fatal cardiac arrhythmia. We have designed a monitoring and alarm system for detection of the onset of spontaneous nocturnal hypoglycaemia through monitoring of the electrocardiogram. The system incorporates expert- knowledge in the form of a rule-base. It performs monitoring of two ECG features and raises alarms if abnormalities are detected corresponding to hypoglycaemia. The top performance of the system is 100% and 91.30% for sensitivity and specificity respectively. This study supports the hypothesis proposing a relationship between cardiac function and abnormally low blood glucose.
Psychosomatic Medicine: Somatization Reactions

The term psychosomatic medicine has two somewhat incompatible connotations. It is used by some to refer to a point of view, and by others to a limited number of diseases. In the first instance it is regarded as referring to a guiding principle of medicine 1 which should apply to all illness and should represent the point of view of the surgeon and the internist, as well as of the psychiatrist. It is to be hoped that the recent emphasis on the term will reawaken an interest in the sick person, instead of merely in his disease; that it will bring an awareness of the man's daily struggles as having as much (or more) to do with the way he may feel as bacteria or bullets. Many of us in psychiatry join Weiss and English in the belief that there should be a new emphasis on the method of study in which there is no less consideration of the soma but much more study of the psyche.