Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A network approach to examining injury severity in pediatric TBI

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability in children, and can lead to long lasting functional impairment. Many factors influence outcome, but imaging studies examining effects of individual variables are limited by sample size. Roughly 20–40% of hospitalized TBI patients experience seizures, but not all of these patients go on to develop a recurrent seizure disorder. Here we examined differences in structural network connectivity in pediatric patients who had sustained a moderate-severe TBI (msTBI). We compared those who experienced early post-traumatic seizures to those who did not; we found network differences months after seizure activity stopped. We also examined correlations between network measures and a common measure of injury severity, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The global GCS score did not have a detectable relationship to brain integrity, but sub-scores of the GCS (eyes, motor, verbal) were more closely related to imaging measures.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson disease: a community-based study.

BACKGROUND Hallucinations and delusions are frequent in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and may have severe clinical consequences for those patients and their caregivers. However, the prevalence and clinical features of these symptoms have not been studied in a representative sample. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and clinical correlates of psychosis in a population-based sample of patients with PD. METHOD Total ascertainment of patients with PD in a defined geographical area in Norway was attempted through a detailed community study. Clinical evaluation consisted of a neurologic examination and assessments of depression and cognition. Psychosis was assessed with the thought disorder subscale of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. RESULTS A total of 245 patients with PD were identified, 235 (95.9%) of whom participated in this study. Twenty-three patients (9.8%) had hallucinations with insight retained, and another 14 patients (6.0%) had more severe hallucinations or delusions. Psychotic symptoms were associated with age, stage and diagnostic subgroup of PD, severity of depression, and cognitive impairment. Type, duration, and dose of antiparkinson drug therapy did not differ between those patients with PD who had or did not have psychosis. In a polychotomous logistic regression analysis, severity of depression, cognitive impairment, and impairment of activities of daily living were the only significant concomitants of psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Hallucinations and delusions are common in patients with PD. More advanced and widespread brain changes seem to increase the risk for developing psychosis in patients with PD receiving levodopa therapy.
Modelling noninterest income at Tunisian banks Abdelaziz Hakimi and Helmi Hamdi

The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of non-interest income as an important determinant of the total bank revenue for the Tunisian context. Our sample is based on 10 deposit banks observed during the period 1998-2009. By applying the panel data estimation our results indicate that only the information technology, the size of bank and the banking strategy affect significantly the non-interest income. However, the impact of macro factors appears to be insignificant.
Flagellin gene structure of flaA and flaB and adjacent gene loci in urease‐positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC)

Two flagellin gene (flaA and flaB) sequences and the adjacent gene loci of urease‐positive thermophilic Campylobacter (UPTC)1 were examined. The flagellin gene sequences (1.7 kb) and adjacent gene loci of the two UPTC isolates (89049 and A3), obtained from animal hosts, were very similar to those of C. lari RM2100, C. jejuni, and C. coli. However, the structure and loci of the two flagellin genes (1.46‐1.47 kb) and the adjacent gene loci of a UPTC strain obtained from the natural environment (NCTC12892) clearly differed from those of C. lari RM2100 and UPTC obtained from animal hosts. The two flagellin genes of UPTC 89049 and A3 were located between topA /CLA0518 and CLA0521, whereas those of NCTC12892 were located between topA and CLA0521.
Analysis of Perception and Public Preference on Reputation of Higher-Education Ranking Agencies

The Minister of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia has classified and ranked national universities. Previously, some rating agencies have classified and ranked college and universities both nationally and globally. The objectives of this study are to analyze public perception on the reputation of the rating agencies and to investigate community preferences in selecting a college or a university. Survey method conducted on some of students, lecturers, and general public. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. The number of respondents is 123 respondents. The analysis technique is descriptive analysis and conjoint analysis. The results show that most of the respondents do not recognize on independent higher-education ranking agencies’ result, most of the respondents recognize BAN-PT only. However, the results of higher-education ranking are taken seriously by the leaders and the managers of college and university. They take it as a basic policy to achieve the best higher-education. In addition, the public preference towards college or university shows the high score with various aspects of consideration because they should be able to give more value to the public. Almost all aspects of preferences have high rank, except for the aspect of prestige. The highest preference in selecting a college or a university is reputable aspect and program study that conformity with student’s interests. Keywords— consumer perception; preference; HigherEducation Ranking Agency.
Amelioration of capillary regression and atrophy of the soleus muscle in hindlimb‐unloaded rats by astaxanthin supplementation and intermittent loading

What is the central question of this study? We asked whether the combination of astaxanthin supplementation and intermittent loading would attenuate both the muscle atrophy and the capillary regression associated with chronic unloading. What is the main finding and its importance? Intermittent loading alone attenuated atrophy of the soleus, while astaxanthin treatment alone maintained the capillary network in the soleus. The combination of these two interventions ameliorated both the muscle atrophy and the capillary regression induced by chronic unloading.
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

As multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems have become prevalent, the importance of radio channel as part of the cellular system has increased. Development and manufacturing of fifth generation (5G) base stations (BS) requires testing in realistic propagation environment. Additionally, highly integrated antenna arrays in 5G BS products cannot be tested in conductive test setups, which necessitates use of over-the-air (OTA) test setups. Due to these constraints, much of the 5G BS testing is done by drive testing, which is labour intensive process. This thesis gives theoretical background and implements an emulation setup for 5G BS MIMO OTA testing using ray tracing for radio channel model generation. This setup aims to emulate drive testing in a controlled lab environment, with realistic channel model, and using real hardware. Drive test emulation in virtual environment is known as virtual drive
Title Self-efficacy modulates the neural correlates of craving in male

The regulation of cue-induced craving for cigarettes is a key factor in smoking cessation. Outcomes of smoking cessation have been linked to self-efficacy, faith in one’s own ability, in smokers. However, no study has examined the neural basis of self-efficacy during the control of craving. We examined whether self-efficacy can affect the neural response to smoking cues in smokers and ex-smokers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, participants were instructed (1) to view smoking-related images passively, (2) to view the smoking-related images with a strategy focused on self-efficacy to control cueinduced craving, or (3) to view neutral images. In smokers, the self-efficacy strategy significantly reduced self-reported craving. This strategy was related to increased activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) in smokers compared to ex-smokers. Furthermore, smokers showed increased effective connectivity between rmPFC and hippocampus and between pgACC and parahippocampus gyrus when employing the self-efficacy strategy compared to ex-smokers. The magnitude of the rmPFC-hippocampus connectivity was positively correlated with selfreported self-efficacy. Our findings suggest that in smokers, self-efficacy is related to activation and connectivity in brain regions involved in regulating craving and selfassessment. The current study provides evidence for understanding the underlying cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the control of craving to smoke cigarettes.
Effects of clonidine and methylphenidate on family quality of life in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect on family quality of life (QOL) of clonidine (CLON) and methylphenidate (MPH), used alone and in combination, in treating attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Two proxy QOL measures were used in a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled 16-week trial of 122 children, ages 7-12 years, with ADHD. Children were randomized to one of four groups in which they received MPH, CLON, a combination of drugs, or placebo. QOL was measured with the Daily Hassles Scale and the Impact on Family Scale at baseline and at 16 weeks. RESULTS In a general linear model repeated measures analysis, treatment groups improved over a 16-week period compared to placebo for Daily Hassles and Impact on Family, as well as in symptoms measured by the ADHD Rating Scale. QOL measures correlated moderately with efficacy and symptom measures. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that measures of QOL for the family are sensitive to pharmacological treatment of ADHD. The correlation pattern of the QOL measures with symptom and efficacy variables supported family QOL as a related but separate construct. Clonidine for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment Study (CAT) Trial Registry Name: Clinicaltrials.gov; ID Number, NCT00031395; URL, http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT00031395? order=8/ .
Automated Image Timestamp Inference Using Convolutional Neural Networks

With the rise in amateur and professional photography, metadata associated to images could be valuable for both users and companies. In particular, the prediction of the time a photograph has been taken is not currently an active area of public research, and vast amounts of accurately labeled data is not available. In this paper, we propose methods to classify the time taken of a picture in two ways: using user submitted tags, namely “morning”, “afternoon”, “evening” and “night” and four time buckets (i.e. 12 AM to 6 AM, 6 AM to 12 PM, etc.). Among the prediction models used were vanilla SVMs and their variants, along with Convolutional Neural Networks ranging from three layer architectures to deeper networks, namely, AlexNet and VGGNet. The best performing models were the vanilla SVM and the three layer AlexNet (50 and 60 percent accuracy, respectively) suggesting deeper networks that are better equipped to deal with complex features do not necessarily perform better in this particular task.
LIPID PEROXIDATION IN FOCAL CEREBRAL ISCHAEMIA AND REPERFUSION ( PART I ) 6

Ischaemia at the frontoparietal cortex and lateral segment of the caudate putamen was achieved in all animals of the occlusion group by inserting a nylon thread through the extraaanial carotid artery. ascending it up to anterior cerebral artery and occluding the origin of the middle cerebral artery. Reperfusion was accomplished by pulling the embolic thread out of the wound till resistance was felt. Neurological deBdts were graded on the Bederson Scale. The level of lipid peroxidation was estimated by assay of major thiobarbituric add reactive malondialdehyde. Infarct size was determined by the lack of staining for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity with tripehenyltetrazolium chloride.
Dectin-1 Activation during Leishmania amazonensis Phagocytosis Prompts Syk-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Production To Trigger Inflammasome Assembly and Restriction of Parasite Replication

Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the causative agents of Leishmaniasis, a disease that can be lethal and affects 12 million people worldwide. Leishmania replicates intracellularly in macrophages, a process that is essential for disease progression. Although the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accounts for restriction of parasite replication, Leishmania is known to induce ROS upon macrophage infection. We have recently demonstrated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in infected macrophages, a process that is important for the outcome of infection. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for inflammasome activation are unknown. In this article, we demonstrate that ROS induced via NADPH oxidase during the early stages of L. amazonensis infection is critical for inflammasome activation in macrophages. We identified that ROS production during L. amazonensis infection occurs upon engagement of Dectin-1, a C-type lectin receptor that signals via spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) to induce ROS. Accordingly, inflammasome activation in response to L. amazonensis is impaired by inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, Syk, focal adhesion kinase, and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, and in the absence of Dectin-1. Experiments performed with Clec7a−/− mice support the critical role of Dectin-1 for inflammasome activation, restriction of parasite replication in macrophages, and mouse resistance to L. amazonensis infection in vivo. Thus, we reported that activation of the Dectin-1/Syk/ROS/NLRP3 pathway during L. amazonensis phagocytosis is important for macrophage restriction of the parasite replication and effectively accounts for host resistance to Leishmania infection.
Derecho : Fast State Machine Replication for Cloud Services

SAGAR JHA, Cornell University, USA JONATHAN BEHRENS, Cornell University, USA and MIT, USA THEO GKOUNTOUVAS, Cornell University, USA MATTHEW MILANO, Cornell University, USA WEIJIA SONG, Cornell University, USA EDWARD TREMEL, Cornell University, USA SYDNEY ZINK, Cornell University, USA KENNETH P. BIRMAN, Cornell University, USA ROBBERT VAN RENESSE, Cornell University, USA Cloud computing services often replicate data and may require ways to coordinate distributed actions. Here we present Derecho, a library for such tasks. The API provides interfaces for structuring applications into patterns of subgroups and shards, supports state machine replication within them, and includes mechanisms that assist in restart after failures. Running over 100G RDMA, Derecho can send millions of events per second in each subgroup or shard and throughput peaks at 16G, substantially outperforming prior solutions. Configured to run purely on TCP, Derecho is still substantially faster than comparable widely used, highly-tuned, standard tools. The key insight is that on modern hardware (including non-RDMA networks), data-intensive protocols should be built from non-blocking data-flow components. CCS Concepts: • Computer systems organization→ Dependable and fault tolerant systems and networks; • Software and its engineering→ Cloud computing; Additional
Relationship dynamics and sexual risk behaviour of male partners of female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda

Regular male partners of female sex workers (FSWs) represent an important population to reach with HIV-prevention interventions. This paper discusses the relationship dynamics and HIV/sexually transmitted infection risk behaviour of men involved with self-identified FSWs in Kampala. Between 2011 and 2014 we conducted repeat in-depth interviews with 42 male partners of FSWs attending a clinic for women at high risk of HIV-infection in Kampala. Men publicly struggled with the stigma of dating women who are considered to be engaged in a shamed profession, but privately saw meaning in these relationships. In coping with the stigma, some described the work of their partners in terms that distanced them from sex work, while others struggled to have the control that “being a man” demanded since they could not monitor all movements of their partners. Dealing with HIV disclosure was hard and seeking support was difficult for some of the men, leading to missed opportunities and guilt. Despite challenges, relationships with sex workers offered men some benefits such as access to much needed care and treatment. A few men also admitted to being motivated by material and financial benefits from sex workers who they perceived as being rich and this was one factor that helped them sustain the relationships. These findings offer insights into the complex relationship dynamics within high risk sexual partnerships. However, the findings suggest that effective interventions that are couple centred can be established to promote better health.
Detecting and Summarizing Differences across Multiple Instances of Code Clones

Clone detectors ﬁnd similar code fragments (i.e., instances of code clones) and report large numbers of them for industrial systems. To maintain or manage code clones, developers often have to investigate differences of multiple cloned code fragments. However, existing program differencing techniques compare only two code fragments at a time. Developers then have to manually combine and summarize several pairwise differencing results. In this paper, we present an approach to automatically detecting differences across multiple clone instances. We have implemented our approach as an Eclipse plugin and evaluated its accuracy with three Java software systems. Our evaluation shows that our algorithm has precision over 97.66% and recall over 95.63% in three open source Java projects. We also conducted a user study of 18 developers to evaluate the usefulness of our approach for eight clone-related refactoring tasks. Our study shows that our approach can significantly improve developers’ refactoring decisions, refactoring details, and task completion time on clone-related refactoring tasks. Automatically detecting differences across multiple clone instances also opens opportunities for building practical applications of code clones in software maintenance, such as auto-generation of application skeleton, intelligent simultaneous code editing.
CXCR 4-mediated T cell apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Received 23 December 2003 Accepted 16 February 2004 Mechanisms of CXCR4-mediated T lymphocyte apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are poorly understood. The authors used peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from HIV type 1-infected subjects and assessed both CD4 and CD8 T cell apoptosis in the presence and absence of CXCR4 blockade by AMD3100. Both CD4 and CD8 T cell apoptosis could be inhibited by CXCR4 blockade, mostly in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome subjects and more weakly in asymptomatic HIV-positive subjects, and depended only partially on the syncytium-inducing/non-syncytium-inducing viral envelope phenotype. Immune activation of CD8, but not CD4, T cells was CXCR4-dependent, resulting in increased T cell apoptosis. In the presence of monocyte-derived macrophages, CXCR4-mediated apoptosis targeted mostly CD8 T cells, with CD4 T cells being more weakly affected. Several immune and viral factors thus play a role in CXCR4-mediated T cell apoptosis in HIV infection: CD4/CD8 phenotype, viral envelope phenotype, T cell activation and T cell–macrophage intercellular contacts.
A / The Language of AI ?

This paper explores an approach to developing a/the “language for AI” that combines: (1) grand unification, spanning the necessary cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of intelligent behavior; (2) sufficient efficiency, executing quickly enough for real-time applications; and (3) functional elegance, yielding broad functionality from a simple and theoretically elegant base. It is an approach inspired by a language that has emerged during the development of the Sigma cognitive architecture, which was itself originally inspired by graphical models. Here we illustrate this approach by introducing a simple pair of syntactic modifications to factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm that: (1) extend their expressibility to include both the high-level symbolic constructs of rules, frames and abduction, and the low-level neural constructs of distributed vectors (aka embeddings) and feedforward networks; and (2) extend them to the polynomial tractability of sum-product networks on some key problems for which graphical models are exponential.
Real-time remote monitoring and operation of industrial devices using IoT and cloud

In recent times there has been significant advances in managing different types of sensors and industrial devices by IoT (Internet of Things) protocol. Along with the availability of massive amount of processing power provided by the Cloud new opportunities have emerged for complete automation of industrial devices. IoT has a vast application in different sectors and domains which are yet to be explored. In industry domain, industrial automation is need of the hour to increase the time to market with high grade quality and enhanced productivity. In this paper we explain proven ways to utilize the capabilities of Cloud and IoT to control the device and analyze the data generated by them.
Cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with low‐grade gliomas: The impact of radiotherapy

The role of early radiotherapy in the treatment of low‐grade gliomas is controversial. For this reason the impact of radiotherapy on quality of life was studied in long‐term survivors of biopsy‐proved low‐grade gliomas without signs of tumor recurrence. Twenty patients (age range, 18–66 years) had been treated with early radiotherapy; the other 21 patients (age range, 19–65 years) had undergone surgery or biopsy only. The interval from diagnosis to testing ranged from 1 to 12 years (mean, 3.5 years). Nineteen patients with low‐grade hematological malignancies, surviving 1 to 15 years without central nervous system involvement, served as control subjects. Apart from the neurological and functional status, the patients' cognitive, affective, and psychological status was determined. None of the survivors had significant neurological impairment and the Karnofsky index for them was at least 70. However, more specific examinations of cognitive functions and the affective status (Profile of Mood States) indicated that, compared to the control subjects, the patients with low‐grade gliomas had significantly more cognitive disturbances and suffered more frequently from fatigue and depressed moods. The two groups with low‐grade gliomas, on the other hand, did not differ significantly on any of these measures. It is concluded that radiotherapy did not cause these disturbances and had no negative impact on quality of life in these patients.
Synchronizing Device Clocks Using IEEE 1588 and Blackfin Embedded Processors

Introduction The IEEE 1588 standard, introduced in 2002, defines a protocol to synchronize distributed clocks on a network. It is becoming the preferred clock synchronization method for many different applications, including test and measurement, telecommunications, and multimedia streaming. This standardized method for synchronizing clocks is cost-effective, supports heterogeneous systems, and provides nanosecond-level synchronization precision.