Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Reflective Verbalization on Insight Problem Solving

This study investigated the effects of reflective verbalization on insight problem solving. In addition to a performance analysis, we examined the effects of reflective verbalization on the processes of insight problem solving based on the dynamic constraint relaxation theory (Hiraki and Suzuki, 1998). The results revealed that reflective verbalization disrupts insight problem solving and hampers the relaxation of the object-level constraint. Based on these results, it was concluded that the verbal overshadowing effects can be generalized with regard to higher-order domains that do not involve verbal processing.
The effects of the tracheal pressure upon flow: pressure relations in the vascular bed of isolated lungs.

In isolated cats' lungs, perfused at steady inflows with a mixture of plasma and dextran, we measured the pulmonary arterial pressure, the left atrial pressure, the tracheal pressure and the inflow of perfusate. We were able to obtain directly or to calculate relations between any pair of these four variables with the remaining pair at constant values. The results are used to analyze how tracheal pressures affect the pulmonary vascular bed and to consider some consequences of the changes in pressure which occur during cardiac and respiratory cycles in the whole animal.
Reproducibility of Choroidal Thickness Measurements in Healthy Turkish Subjects

Purpose: To assess intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the measurement of choroidal thickness by using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed at Gazi University Ophthalmology Department. The macular areas of the right eyes of 110 healthy volunteers with no ophthalmic or systemic disease were recruited. Choroidal thickness was measured at the fovea and at 1000-μm intervals from the foveal center in both temporal and nasal directions. Each examiner measured choroidal thickness 30 days after the first measurement to assess intraobserver variability. Interobserver and intraobserver reproducibility were described by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). Results: The mean age was 44.0 ± 14.7 years (range 18-70 years). The mean choroidal thickness at the fovea was 315.5 ± 78.6. All the parameters evaluated were highly reproducible. Intraobserver CV of choroidal thickness measurements ranged from 24.76% to 35.74%, and the CV of subfoveal choroidal thickness was 24.92. The intraobserver and interobserver intraclass correlation coefficient was greater than 0.90 for all the parameters. Repeatability was slightly better at locations not exceeding 400 μm. Conclusions: Choroidal thickness measurements obtained by EDI-OCT showed good repeatability for healthy Turkish subjects; EDI-OCT examinations of choroid are reliable in healthy eyes.
The emerging role of C-reactive protein in affective and psychotic disorders

231 Summary Background and objective C-reactive protein is a pentameric protein which is generated in the liver and secreted in the blood to play a central role in inflammation. The measurement of C-reactive protein in the blood provides a reliable marker of chronic inflammation caused by infectious and other inflammatory agents. Increased levels of C-reactive protein have been associated with chronic infections and inflammatory conditions as well as with increased risk of inflammatory cardiovascular disorders. The aim of this review is to elucidate the current facts and views about C-reactive protein in psychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Characterization of cAMP Response Element-Like Sequence in Gonadal Specific Aromatase Promoter Sequence of Xenopus Embryos

The p450 aromatase gene has a tissue-specific promoter that is regulated by specific transcriptional factors. In rats and humans, a cAMP response element-like sequence (CLS) and an NR5A1/NR5A2 binding sequence have been identified as cis elements in the aromatase promoter; these cis elements mediate cAMP-induced expression in the ovaries and testes. CLS is recognized by a cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) as the principal component. In this study, we performed a gel shift assay to analyze the proteins that interact with the cis-element in Xenopus aromatase. An electrophpretic mobility gel shift assay (EMSA) and matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of the proteins responsible for retarding the mobility of CLS revealed that ATF4 interacted in vitro with CLS in gonadal specific aromatase promoter sequence of Xenopus embryos. Although a significant difference was observed in aromatase mRNA expression between male and female gonads, no difference in the expression of ATF4 was observed between them at stage 50. With regard to aromatase expression in the gonad of Xenopus embryos, ATF4 might act in combination with multiple transcription factors as a trans-element of CLS in place of CREB.
The Grand CRU Challenge

One of the main objectives of any cluster management system is the maximization of cluster resource utilization (CRU). In this paper, we argue that there is a dilemma underlying the challenge of maximizing CRU, as soon as network resources enter the picture. In contrast to local resources which can be handled in a more isolated fashion, global network resources are namely shared, and their allocation is intertwined with that of local resources. For effective resource management, either applications thus have to learn more about the infrastructure, or the resource manager has to understand application semantics -- both options violate the separation of applications from the underlying infrastructure strived for by resource managers. This paper makes the case for a resource management system that addresses the dilemma, and presents first ideas.
Exports , Innovation and Production Growth : A Dynamic Heterogeneous Firm Model with Learning and Entry Costs

We analyze a firm’s joint decision to produce, export, and innovate using a model that incorporates the basic features of self-selection and learning-by-exporting theories of firmlevel dynamics. We calibrate the model to 2005-7 Chilean manufacturing plant data and simulate it under different assumptions, finding that neither self-selection nor learning-byexporting alone can adequately explain the observed cross-sectional relationship between firm level exports and production, favoring instead a model that requires both mechanisms to work in tandem. Counterfactual policy analysis indicates that the impact of trade liberalization on an industry depends on the maturity of the industry and the nature of the dominant adjustment mechanism governing firm-level export-production dynamics. JEL Classification: C61; C82; F17; F43; F63; O14; O32.
Signal Transduction in Chronic Pain

Chronic pain results from multiple diseases. With resistance to most current available medical therapeutics it persists and causes a long period of severe suffering in patients. A fine mechanistic understanding of the neurobiologic process resulting in chronic pain is needed to develop effective therapeutic approaches for clinical pain management. Recently, many molecular targets and novel signal transduction pathways have been identified as mechanisms of nociceptive processing. Emphasis has been placed on understanding the sensitization of the nervous system in response to noxious stimuli. There has been growing acceptance that the sensitized nociceptors triggered by activated intracellular transduction cascades may contribute to the neurologic mechanisms of chronic pain. This review will briefly discuss the emerging role of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) activity and regulation in sensory plasticity after noxious stimulation in animals. CaMK II is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase found in peripheral and central neuronal compartments. There are 2 major isoforms of CaMK II expressed in the nervous system, CaMK IIa and CaMK IIb. Both isoforms contain amino-terminal catalytic (E260 amino acids) and regulatory (E40 amino acids) domains with 90% of homologous sequences. Alternative mRNA splicing encodes the carboxy-terminal domain with a variable size ranging from 180 to 240
A Survey of Equilibrium Analysis in Spatial Models of Elections

Elections, as the institution through which citizens choose their political agents, are at the core of representative democracy. It is therefore appropriate that they occupy a central position in the study of democratic politics. The formal analysis of elections traces back to the work of Hotelling (1929), Downs (1957), and Black (1958), who apply mathematical methods to understand the equilibrium outcomes of elections. This work, and the literature stemming from it, has focused mainly on the positional aspects of electoral campaigns, where we conceptualize candidates as adopting positions in a “space” of possible policies prior to an election. We maintain this focus by considering the main results for the canonical model of elections, in which candidates simultaneously adopt policy platforms and the winner is committed to the platform on which he or she ran. These models abstract from much of the structural detail of elections, including party primary elections, campaign finance and advertising, the role of interest groups, etc. Nevertheless, in order to achieve a deep understanding of elections in their full complexity, it seems that we must address the equilibrium effects of position-taking by candidates in elections. In this article, I will cover known foundational results on spatial models of elections, taking up issues of equilibrium existence, the distance (or lack thereof) between the equilibrium policy positions of the candidates, and the characterization of equilibria in terms of social choice concepts such as the majority core
Dynamic patterns of BDNF expression in injured sensory neurons: differential modulation by NGF and NT‐3

It has been suggested that altered retrograde neurotrophin support contributes to the phenotypic switch observed in BDNF expression in injured sensory neurons. Thus, modulatory influences of NGF and NT‐3 on BDNF expression in injured adult rat DRG neurons were examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical approaches. Quantitative analysis reveals a biphasic response to sciatic nerve injury, whereby in the first day following injury, BDNF expression is up‐regulated in ≈83% of injured neurons including all small neurons, and a larger pool of trkB expressing neurons than in intact. By 1 week and up to 3 weeks later expression is still seen in ≈66% of injured neurons, but the characteristic phenotypic switch in the subpopulations expressing BDNF occurs, whereby expression in the trkA population is reduced and expression in trkB‐ and in trkC‐positive neurons is elevated. NGF infusion results in elevated levels of BDNF expression in both intact and injured trkA‐positive neurons, accompanied by reduced trkB expression. NT‐3 acts in an opposite fashion effecting a down‐regulation in BDNF expression in intact neurons and preventing/reducing the injury‐associated increases in BDNF expression in both trkC‐ and nontrkC‐expressing subpopulations of injured neurons. These effects suggest NGF can regulate BDNF expression in trkA‐expressing neurons regardless of the axonal state and that elevated levels of BDNF may contribute to the down‐regulation in trkB expression associated with these states. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate that NT‐3 can act in an antagonistic fashion to NGF in the regulation of BDNF expression in intact neurons, and mitigate BDNF's expression in injured neurons.
Growth Phase and Growth Rate Regulation of therapA Gene, Encoding the RNA Polymerase-Associated Protein RapA in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli rapA gene encodes the RNA polymerase (RNAP)-associated protein RapA, which is a bacterial member of the SWI/SNF helicase-like protein family. We have studied therapA promoter and its regulation in vivo and determined the interaction between RNAP and the promoter in vitro. We have found that the expression of rapA is growth phase dependent, peaking at the early log phase. The growth phase control ofrapA is determined at least by one particular feature of the promoter: it uses CTP as the transcription-initiating nucleotide instead of a purine, which is used for most E. colipromoters. We also found that the rapA promoter is subject to growth rate regulation in vivo and that it forms intrinsic unstable initiation complexes with RNAP in vitro. Furthermore, we have shown that a GC-rich or discriminator sequence between the −10 and +1 positions of the rapA promoter is responsible for its growth rate control and the instability of its initiation complexes with RNAP.
From Newborn Screening to Population Health Research: Implementation of the Michigan BioTrust for Health

In June 2009, the Michigan Department of Community Health launched the Michigan BioTrust for Health to improve preservation and utility of residual dried blood spots from newborn screening (NBS) for biomedical research while maintaining public support and integrity of NBS. In this article, we chronicle implementation of the BioTrust and document its impact on NBS. Overall, the percentage of new parents who consent to possible future research use of their children's dried blood spots through the BioTrust has remained consistent with previous public opinion surveys. No significant increase in refusal of NBS has been observed despite increased publicity. There was, however, a slight increase in requests to destroy samples following completion of NBS, indicating readily accessible opt-out information. Given adequate training and cooperation of birthing hospital staff, as well as outreach education for parents and health-care providers, we conclude it is possible to implement a biobanking initiative without adversely impacting NBS.
Cyclic oligomer design with de novo αβ‐proteins

We have previously shown that monomeric globular αβ‐proteins can be designed de novo with considerable control over topology, size, and shape. In this paper, we investigate the design of cyclic homo‐oligomers from these starting points. We experimented with both keeping the original monomer backbones fixed during the cyclic docking and design process, and allowing the backbone of the monomer to conform to that of adjacent subunits in the homo‐oligomer. The latter flexible backbone protocol generated designs with shape complementarity approaching that of native homo‐oligomers, but experimental characterization showed that the fixed backbone designs were more stable and less aggregation prone. Designed C2 oligomers with β‐strand backbone interactions were structurally confirmed through x‐ray crystallography and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). In contrast, C3‐C5 designed homo‐oligomers with primarily nonpolar residues at interfaces all formed a range of oligomeric states. Taken together, our results suggest that for homo‐oligomers formed from globular building blocks, improved structural specificity will be better achieved using monomers with increased shape complementarity and with more polar interfaces.
Experimental Cladistic Analysis of Anatomically Preserved Arborescent Lycopsids from the Carboniferous of Euramerica: An Essay on Paleobotanical Phylogenetics

This evolutionary cladistic analysis of the arborescent (wood-producing) lycopsids, an exclusively fossil group of vascular plants, is confined to the strongest available data: anatomically preserved fossils that have been painstakingly reconstructed into conceptual whole plants. Ten Carboniferous genera are represented by 16 species: four pseudoherbs/«shrubs» and 12 of the arboreous (tree-sized) species that epitomize the Pennsylvanian coal swamps of Euramerica. The 69 vegetative and 46 reproductive characters are described in detail; several key terms are redefined and homologies reassessed (.)
Design and characterisation of 16×1 parallel outputs SPAD array in 0.18 um CMOS technology

The design, simulation, fabrication, and characterisation of a silicon single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array with integral quenching and discriminator circuits is presented. The array is a 16×1 parallel output SPAD array which comprised active quenched SPAD circuit in each pixel, and was fabricated in a UMC 0. 18µm CMOS process. The SPADs were operated in the Geiger mode where the applied reverse bias voltage (VRB) is greater than the breakdown voltage (VBD) at 11.03 V. A digital circuitry to control the SPAD array and perform processing the data provided by it was designed in VHDL and implemented on an FPGA chip. At room temperature, the dark count was found approximately 12875 counts per second (cps) for most of the 16 SPAD pixels and the dead time was estimated to be 40 ns. The apparent detection probability (ADE) from LED with λ= 470 nm was 17.4% at 1.5 V above VBD.
Hypergastrinaemia induced by partial corpectomy results in development of enterochromaffin‐like cell carcinoma in male Japanese cotton rats

Background: Among inbred female cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) 25%–50% of the animals develop spontaneous gastric carcinomas, whereas males have an incidence of less than 1%. The carcinomas are enterochromaffin‐like (ECL)‐cell derived. Animals with gastric carcinomas also have hypergastrinaemia and gastric hypoacidity, but the mechanism behind the hypoacidity is unknown. Carcinomas have been found in all female cotton rats with spontaneous hypergastrinaemia lasting more than 4 months, and a gastrin receptor antagonist prevents the development of carcinoma. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether induced hypergastrinaemia in male cotton rats would also result in carcinomas. Methods: Hypergastrinaemia was induced by partial corpectomy of male cotton rats, aiming at removal of 80%–90% of the corpus. A control group was sham‐operated. Results: All partially corpectomized animals developed persistent hypergastrinaemia. Six months after the operation, 9 out of 13 partially corpectomized animals developed gastric cancer. In the dysplastic mucosa surrounding the tumours there was an increase in chromogranin A immunoreactive cells, where numerous cells also were stained using the Sevier‐Munger technique. Tumour tissue also contained cells that were chromogranin A positive and stained by Sevier‐Munger. Conclusions: ECL‐cell carcinomas can be induced in male cotton rats by partial corpectomy. This supports a previous statement that spontaneous carcinomas in female cotton rats are caused by gastric hypoacidity and hypergastrinaemia. In hypergastrinaemic animals, ECL‐cell carcinomas develop independently of gender within a relatively short period of time, and cotton rats therefore represent an interesting model for studying gastric carcinogenesis.
Determination of the stray capacitance of single layer solenoids

Windings featuring low stray capacitance are usually single layer solenoids with significant turn-to-turn spacing. The accurate stray capacitance estimation is important both during design and to validate measurement results. There exist a few contradictory expressions and results published in the last seventy years; to this aim a new formulation is proposed together with a measurement technique other than the use of LCR bridges and with a reduced uncertainty.
A Fast and Accurate Monte Carlo Method for Interconnect Variation

For exploring the impact of manufacturing variation on interconnect characteristics, the basic Monte Carlo Method is accurate but computationally very expensive. To overcome the inherent speed limitation we developed an uncomplicated method employing the importance sampling technique. Using confidence intervals our results always take uncertainty into account. The application to a two dimensional interconnect model shows that our method is 23~93 times faster than the basic Monte Carlo method
Pulse Oximeter Based Mobile Biotelemetry Application

Quality and features of tele-homecare are improved by information and communication technologies. In this context, a pulse oximeter-based mobile biotelemetry application is developed. With this application, patients can measure own oxygen saturation and heart rate through Bluetooth pulse oximeter at home. Bluetooth virtual serial port protocol is used to send the test results from pulse oximeter to the smart phone. These data are converted into XML type and transmitted to remote web server database via smart phone. In transmission of data, GPRS, WLAN or 3G can be used. The rule based algorithm is used in the decision making process. By default, the threshold value of oxygen saturation is 80; the heart rate threshold values are 40 and 150 respectively. If the patient's heart rate is out of the threshold values or the oxygen saturation is below the threshold value, an emergency SMS is sent to the doctor. By this way, the directing of an ambulance to the patient can be performed by doctor. The doctor for different patients can change these threshold values. The conversion of the result of the evaluated data to SMS XML template is done on the web server. Another important component of the application is web-based monitoring of pulse oximeter data. The web page provides access to of all patient data, so the doctors can follow their patients and send e-mail related to the evaluation of the disease. In addition, patients can follow own data on this page. Eight patients have become part of the procedure. It is believed that developed application will facilitate pulse oximeter-based measurement from anywhere and at anytime.
The daughter centriole controls ciliogenesis by regulating Neurl-4 localization at the centrosome

The two centrioles of the centrosome differ in age and function. Although the mother centriole mediates most centrosome-dependent processes, the role of the daughter remains poorly understood. A recent study has implicated the daughter centriole in centriole amplification in multiciliated cells, but its contribution to primary ciliogenesis is unclear. We found that manipulations that prevent daughter centriole formation or induce its separation from the mother abolish ciliogenesis. This defect was caused by stabilization of the negative ciliogenesis regulator CP110 and was corrected by CP110 depletion. CP110 dysregulation may be caused by effects on Neurl-4, a daughter centriole–associated ubiquitin ligase cofactor, which was required for ciliogenesis. Centrosome-targeted Neurl-4 was sufficient to restore ciliogenesis in cells with manipulated daughter centrioles. Interestingly, early during ciliogenesis, Neurl-4 transiently associated with the mother centriole in a process that required mother–daughter centriole proximity. Our data support a model in which the daughter centriole promotes ciliogenesis through Neurl-4–dependent regulation of CP110 levels at the mother centriole.
Preliminary imaging results of magnetic induction tomography based on physical phantom

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a kind of contactless and noninvasive method to reconstruct the conductivity distribution in a cross-section. We developed a data acquisition system with one exciting coil and 15 measuring coils. By rotating the object placing on a circle plate, the 16*15 measurement data were obtained. The Newton-Raphson algorithm was applied to reconstruct the conductivity distribution. To the conductivity perturbation objects in air field, we made the difference images of MIT. The images were able to demonstrate the location of the objects and identify the conductivity difference between 0.84 S/m and 1.26 S/m, which are in the range of biological tissue.