Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of diagnosing depression in primary care: the impact of chronic somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity

Background. Depression is highly co-morbid with both psychiatric and chronic somatic disease. These types of co-morbidity have been shown to exert opposite effects on underdiagnosis of depression by general practitioners (GPs). However, past research has not addressed their combined effect on underdiagnosis of depression. Method. Co-morbidity data on 191 depressed primary-care patients selected by a two-stage sampling procedure were analysed. Diagnoses of major depression and/or dysthymia in the last 12 months were assessed using a standardized psychiatric interview (CIDI) and compared with depression diagnoses registered by GPs in patient contacts during the same period. Presence of psychiatric and chronic somatic co-morbidity was determined using the CIDI and contact registration, respectively. Results. Regression analysis showed a significant interaction effect between psychiatric and chronic somatic co-morbidity on GPs’ diagnosis of depression, while taking into account the effects of sociodemographic variables, depression severity and number of GP contacts. Subsequent stratified analysis revealed that in patients without chronic somatic co-morbidity, a lower educational level, a less severe depression, and fewer GP contacts all significantly increased the likelihood of not being diagnosed as depressed. In contrast, in patients with chronic somatic co-morbidity, only having no psychiatric co-morbidity significantly decreased the likelihood of receiving a depression diagnosis. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the effects of psychiatric co-morbidity and other factors on underdiagnosis of depression by GPs differ between depressed patients with and without chronic somatic co-morbidity. Efforts to improve depression diagnosis by GPs seem to require different strategies for depressed patients with and without chronic somatic co-morbidity.
Study on Gender Differences in Language Under the Sociolinguistics

Human beings not only created language, but also become the users; therefore, the study on linguistics should not only be made from the perspective of symbol, but more should be people-oriented. But the most significant difference between human beings is the gender difference, so people of different genders from either physiology or psychology in the use of language will have their own gender characteristics, which leads to the gender differences in language. By analyzing and studying on the connotation of gender differences in language and the social sources of it, we can conclude the significance of gender differences in language.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pantoea ananatis GB1, a Plant-Growth-Promoting Hydrocarbonoclastic Root Endophyte, Isolated at a Diesel Fuel Phytoremediation Site Planted with Populus

ABSTRACT We report the 4.76-Mb draft genome of Pantoea ananatis GB1, a Gram-negative bacterium of the family Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the roots of poplars planted for phytoremediation of a diesel-contaminated plume at the Ford Motor Company site in Genk, Belgium. Strain GB1 promotes plant growth in various hosts and metabolizes hydrocarbons.
Effect of weak, interrupted sinusoidal low frequency magnetic field on neural regeneration in rats: Functional evaluation

A study of the effect of weak, interrupted sinusoidal low frequency magnetic field (ISMF) stimulation on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve was carried out. In the experiment, 60 Wistar rats were used: 24 rats underwent unilateral sciatic nerve transection injury and immediate surgical nerve repair, 24 rats underwent unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury, and the remaining 12 rats underwent a sham surgery. Half of the animals (n = 12) with either sciatic nerve lesion were randomly chosen and exposed between a pair of Helmholtz coils for 3 weeks post‐injury, 4 h/day, to an interrupted (active period to pause ratio = 1.4 s/0.8 s) sinusoidal 50 Hz magnetic field of 0.5 mT. The other half of the animals (n = 12) and six rats with sham surgery were used for two separate controls. Functional recovery was followed for 6 weeks for the crush injuries and 7½ months for the transection injuries by video assisted footprint analysis in static conditions and quantified using a recently revised static sciatic index (SSI) formula. We ascertained that the magnetic field influence was weak, but certainly detectable in both injury models. The accuracy of ISMF influence detection, determined by the one‐way repeated measures ANOVA test, was better for the crush injury model: F(1, 198) = 9.0144, P = . 003, than for the transection injury model: F(1, 198) = 6.4826, P = . 012. The Student–Newman–Keuls range test for each response day yielded significant differences (P < .05) between the exposed and control groups early in the beginning of functional recovery and later on from the points adjacent to the beginning of the plateau, or 95% of functional recovery, and the end of observation. These differences probably reflect the ISMF systemic effect on the neuron cell bodies and increased and more efficient reinnervation of the periphery. Bioelectromagnetics 26:351–356, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable isotopes reveal evidence of predation by ship rats on seabirds on the Shiant Islands, Scotland

Summary 1 Introduced predators are a major threat to native island populations, yet direct evidence of predation is often lacking, especially when it is difficult to detect by traditional dietary methods. 2 Historical declines of nesting seabirds on the Shiant Islands, Outer Hebrides, roughly coincided with the accidental introduction of ship rats Rattus rattus in c . 1900. Rats have been implicated in declines of seabirds, but the Shiant population is one of two remaining naturalized R. rattus populations in Britain, prompting calls for their protection. 3 Live-trapping studies with stable isotopes and gut content analysis were used to investigate whether ship rats prey on Shiant Islands seabirds. Another aim of this study was to determine whether marine-derived foods subsidize rat populations, permitting higher densities, greater productivity and larger body size than expected from terrestrial resources alone. 4 Comparisons of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic signatures of rat tissues with those of seabirds, marine invertebrates, marine algae and land-based foods revealed that seabirds and other marine prey were the primary source of protein for rats living in colonies or near the shore. These results were corroborated by gut content analysis, and suggest a greater role for active predation of seabirds by rats than has previously been apparent at this locality. 5 Seabird colonies and especially coastal areas supported higher numbers of rats than more inland habitats. Coastal and colony-dwelling rats were more active reproductively and were larger than those living inland. 6 Although rats are capable of surviving solely on terrestrial foods, their ability to use marine prey may buffer populations during lean times, i.e. outside the seabird nesting season, and may in part explain their success and status as pests on islands world-wide. Overall, this work reveals the value of stable isotopes in identifying predation by exotic species, but also underscores potential uncertainties inherent in all diet-based methods in distinguishing predation from scavenging.
Stimulation of DNA synthesis in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells by Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin

We investigated the effects of Bordetella bronchiseptica dermonecrotic toxin on DNA synthesis in MC3T3-E1 cells. The rate of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation increased in the toxin-treated cells more than 24 h after addition of the toxin under the serum-starved conditions. This effect was dependent on the toxin concentration ranging from 0.3 to 3 ng/ml and was eliminated by aphidicolin and hydroxyurea, inhibitors for DNA replication. In the toxin-treated culture, the number of cells did not increase but polynucleated cells appeared and their number increased to ca. 50% of the total number of cells 6 days after the toxin addition. From these results, we concluded that the toxin stimulates DNA replication in MC3T3-E1 cells without cell proliferation.
Extracellular Calmodulin-Induced Stomatal Closure Is Mediated by Heterotrimeric G Protein and H2O21

Extracellular calmodulin (ExtCaM) exerts multiple functions in animals and plants, but the mode of ExtCaM action is not well understood. In this paper, we provide evidence that ExtCaM stimulates a cascade of intracellular signaling events to regulate stomatal movement. Analysis of the changes of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) and H2O2 in Vicia faba guard cells combined with epidermal strip bioassay suggests that ExtCaM induces an increase in both H2O2 levels and [Ca2+]cyt, leading to a reduction in stomatal aperture. Pharmacological studies implicate heterotrimeric G protein in transmitting the ExtCaM signal, acting upstream of [Ca2+]cyt elevation, and generating H2O2 in guard cell responses. To further test the role of heterotrimeric G protein in ExtCaM signaling in stomatal closure, we checked guard cell responses in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Gα-subunit-null gpa1 mutants and cGα overexpression lines. We found that gpa1 mutants were insensitive to ExtCaM stimulation of stomatal closure, whereas cGα overexpression enhanced the guard cell response to ExtCaM. Furthermore, gpa1 mutants are impaired in ExtCaM induction of H2O2 generation in guard cells. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that ExtCaM activates an intracellular signaling pathway involving activation of a heterotrimeric G protein, H2O2 generation, and changes in [Ca2+]cyt in the regulation of stomatal movements.
LREMS: a long term electricity market simulator based on game theory

This paper outlines the main features of LREMS, an electricity market simulator based on game theory allowing to simulate the long run evolution of a generation set (investment in new plants, refurbishment or dismission of older ones). LREMS is a hierarchic simulator: a long term "outer" game takes yearly investment decisions based on mid-term price projections provided by an "inner" medium run market simulator. The latter, also based on game theory, calculates the hourly market clearing over a yearly time horizon taking into account the strategic bidding of the market leaders while optimally allocating the hydro resources within each month. A third game is devoted to calculate periodically the unit commitment of the thermal units. An application of LREMS studying the evolution of the Italian electricity market in the next twenty years is also presented
Measuring conceptual understanding in randomised controlled trials: Can comparative judgement help?

An impediment to conducting high-quality quantitative research studies in education is the paucity of valid measures of learning gains. Studies often seek to investigate students’ deep, conceptual understanding yet many measures assess only surface, procedural understanding. One reason is that the development of validated measures of conceptual understanding is resource intensive, time consuming, and success is not guaranteed. We evaluated a novel and efficient technique, based on comparative judgement, for assessing conceptual understanding. We applied the technique to a randomised controlled trial in which students were taught simple algebra based on either the Grid Algebra or the MiGen software package. The participants were Year 5 students (N = 188) drawn from four primary schools who had not encountered algebra previously. An instrument from the literature (Concepts in Secondary Mathematics and Science: Algebra Scale), and a novel comparative judgement assessment were administered following the intervention. Students in the Grid Algebra condition outperformed those in the MiGen condition on both post-test measures. The comparative judgement technique performed similarly to the standard instrument but was far more efficient to design and implement. The technique can, in principle, be quickly applied to any target concept of interest. We conclude that comparative judgement is a valid, reliable and practical tool that could help to increase both the quantity and quality of quantitative research in education.
Input Resistance of Electrically Short Not-Too-Closely Spaced Multielement Monopoles With Uniform Current Distribution

In this letter, we derive an analytical expression for the mutual resistance of two electrically short not-too-closely spaced dipoles with uniform current distribution based on an induced electromotive forces method. We go on to apply the relations for folded dipoles for an investigation of the input resistance of a short multielement dipole arrangement. It is shown that the factor ranging from <i>N</i><sup>1.77</sup> to <i>N</i><sup>1.97</sup> takes into account the increase in input resistance arising from the mutual coupling of <i>N</i>={2,3,4} dipoles when they are spaced within the range from λ<sub>0</sub>/20 to λ<sub>0</sub>/5. Thus, even a larger distance between the dipoles than λ<sub>0</sub>/20 , which is usually considered if the term <i>N</i><sup>2</sup> is used, still leads to a significant improvement in radiation resistance. To verify the proposed concept, we compared the results provided by the electromagnetic (EM) simulation and by measurements on the prototype of an electrically small, winding-connected three-element monopole antenna, which occupies a cylindrical geometry with the diameter of the base equal to λ<sub>0</sub>/10 and the monopole height equal to λ<sub>0</sub>/20. The measured bandwidth for VSWR=2 corresponds to the quality factor, which is only 2.2 higher than the principal Gustafsson bound for cylindrical geometry with vertical polarization.
Correlation Between Transperineal 3-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurements of Levator Hiatus and Female Sexual Function

Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the association of sexual functions with levator hiatus biometry measurements and levator ani muscle defect. Methods In 62 heterosexual, sexually active premenopausal women without pelvic floor disorders or urinary incontinence, 3-dimensional transperineal ultrasound imaging was used. Two 3-dimensional volumes were recorded, one at rest and one on Valsalva maneuver. Levator biometry measurements and levator defect were evaluated in an axial plane. Sexual function was assessed by a validated questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The primary outcome measure was correlation of sexual functions with the levator hiatus area, transverse and anteroposterior diameters, levator ani muscle thickness, vaginal length, and changes in measurements with Valsalva and levator defect. Results Forty-two women (67.7%) had low total FSFI scores (<26.55). Levator defect rates were similar in female sexual dysfunction (7/42, 16.7%) and women without female sexual dysfunction (5/20, 25%). The FSFI was negatively and weakly correlated with &Dgr;hiatal anteroposterior diameter (r = −0.33, P < 0.009) in the study population. There was a weak and inverse correlation between &Dgr;hiatal anteroposterior diameter and arousal (r = −0.35, P < 0.002), desire (r = −0.38, P < 0.001), and orgasm (r = −0.33, P < 0.007). Pain and lubrication did not correlate with any measurement. Conclusions Hiatal area and diameters at rest are not related to sexual functions. Changes in anteroposterior diameter of the levator hiatus during Valsalva, which may be a sign of pelvic floor laxity or levator muscle weakness, are weakly associated with sexual functions, particularly desire, arousal, and orgasm domains.
OCT3/4 regulates transcription of histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4) in mouse embryonic stem cells

OCT3/4 is a POU domain transcription factor that is critical for maintenance of pluripotency and self‐renewal by embryonic stem (ES) cells and cells of the early mammalian embryo. It has been demonstrated to bind and regulate a number of genes, often in conjunction with the transcription factors SOX2 and NANOG. In an effort to further understand this regulatory network, chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to prepare a library of DNA segments specifically bound by OCT3/4 in undifferentiated mouse ES (mES) cell chromatin. One segment corresponds to a region within the first intron of the gene encoding histone deacetylase 4 (Hdac4), a Class II histone deacetylase. This region acts as a transcriptional repressor and contains at least two functional sites that are specifically bound by OCT3/4. HDAC4 is not expressed in the nuclei of OCT3/4+ mES cells and is upregulated upon differentiation. These findings demonstrate the participation of OCT3/4 in the repression of Hdac4 in ES cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 391–401, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pesquisa de bocavírus humano em pacientes submetidos a transplante alogênico de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas

Os Bocavirus humanos (HBoVs) pertencem a familia Parvoviridae e tem sido associados a sintomas respiratorios e gastroentericos. As infeccoes virais sao uma importante causa de morbimortalidade em pacientes imunocomprometidos, como os pacientes submetidos a transplante alogenico de celulas progenitoras hematopoieticas (TACPH). Dados sobre a ocorrencia de HBoV nesses pacientes ainda sao escassos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a frequencia e a carga de HBoVs em amostras clinicas (fezes e soro) de pacientes submetidos a TACPH e avaliar as caracteristicas gerais e sintomas apresentados, e caracterizar as amostras positivas. Foram incluidos no estudo 21 pacientes consecutivos, dos quais foram coletadas 105 amostras fecais e 145 amostras de soro, em um centro de transplante de medula ossea em Goiânia, Goias, durante o periodo de outubro de 2012 a outubro de 2014. As amostras foram testadas por qPCR TaqMan®, com sonda e iniciadores especificos para todos os genotipos de HBoVs (HBoV-1 a -4), e a carga viral nas amostras foi determinada pela construcao de uma curva padrao de diluicoes seriadas de um plasmideo recombinante, contendo como inserto a regiao NP1. Os resultados mostraram que 53,4% (11/21) dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre quatro e 61 anos de idade (mediana 35 anos). A neoplasia hematologica mais observada foi a leucemia mieloide (aguda e cronica), totalizando 57,1% (12/21) dos casos. Os HBoVs foram detectados em 42,9% (9/21) dos pacientes, sendo que em 77,7% (7/9) desses houve positividade em ambas amostras de soro e fezes. A carga de HBoV nas amostras fecais foi significativamente maior do que nas amostras sericas, sendo observado dois padroes principais de excrecao nas fezes, um intermitente e outro continuo. Dos nove pacientes, seis (66,6%) tiveram a primeira amostra positiva antes de serem submetidos ao transplante, sendo observado aumento nas cargas de HBoV pos-TACPH em comparacao as cargas pre-TACPH e, na maioria dos casos, os picos da carga viral foram detectados durante os 100 primeiros dias apos o TACPH. Considerando os sintomas apresentados pelos pacientes, 66,6% (6/9) desses apresentavam diarreia no mesmo periodo da deteccao de HBoV nas amostras fecais, porem nao houve significância estatistica entre a positividade e os sintomas gastroentericos. Tres amostras fecais foram caracterizadas como sendo o genotipo HBoV-1, com mais de 99% de identidade nucleotidica entre elas. Os dados apresentados mostram uma alta ocorrencia e elevada carga de HBoVs nos pacientes submetidos ao TACPH, alem de deteccao inicial nas fezes com posterior positividade no soro. Esses resultados sugerem que as fezes poderiam ser a amostra clinica de escolha para o monitoramento desses pacientes, tanto antes quanto apos o transplante.
Rac 1 is required for reorientation of polarity and lumen formation through a PI 3-kinase-dependent pathway

Kathleen D. Liu, Anirban Datta, Wei Yu, Paul R. Brakeman, Tzuu-Shuh Jou, Michael A. Matthay, and Keith E. Mostov Division of Nephrology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics and Departments of Internal Medicine and Anesthesia and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
New anti-CD30 human pancreatic ribonuclease-based immunotoxin reveals strong and specific cytotoxicity in vivo

Although the therapy of Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma has been considerably improved during the last decades, high therapeutic toxicity, relapses, secondary tumors, and primary treatment failure(s) occur. Both malignancies are well suited for CD30-targeted immunotherapy because of their strong CD30 expression. We constructed an immunotoxin composed of a single chain variable fragment of a CD30 antibody fused to the human pancreatic ribonuclease, showing CD30-specific binding and ribonucleolytic activity resistant to the inhibitor RNasin. This immunotoxin revealed CD30-specific anti-tumor activity in BALB/c mice that were challenged with CD30-positive or CD30-negative syngeneic tumor cells.
Integrable alpha-amylase plasmid for generating random transcriptional fusions in Bacillus subtilis

An integrable plasmid, pOK4, which replicated independently in Escherichia coli was constructed for generating transcriptional fusions in vivo in Bacillus DNA. It did not replicate independently in Bacillus subtilis, but it could be made to integrate into the chromosome of B. subtilis if sequences homologous to chromosomal sequences were inserted into it. It had a selectable marker for chloramphenicol resistance and carried unique sites for EcoRI and SmaI just to the 5' side of a promoterless alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus licheniformis. When B. subtilis DNA fragments were ligated into one of these sites and the ligation mixture was used to transform an alpha-amylase-negative B. subtilis strain, chloramphenicol-resistant transformants could be isolated conveniently. Many of these were alpha-amylase positive, owing to the fusion of the plasmid amylase gene to chromosomal operons. In principle, because integration need not be mutagenic, it is possible to obtain fusions to any chromosomal operon. The site of each integration can be mapped, and the flanking sequences can be cloned into E. coli. The alpha-amylase gene can be used to detect regulated genes. We used it as an indicator to detect operons which are DNA-damage-inducible (din), and we identified insertions in both SP beta and PBSX prophages.
Evaluating the performance of a genetic algorithm to solve the line planning problem for a bus service

Planning a bus service requires to explore several feasible solutions attempting to optimize travel time, costs or both. The line planning problem (lpp) solves the combinatorial problem to define the routes for bus lines in a bus service under a set of constraints, input parameters and an objective function. The input parameters such as the demand, infrastructure, travel times, etc., describe the current situation, and provide both input data and the constraints that should be considered during the design. An algorithm that obtains feasible and high-quality solutions for lpp is essential in search of better urban services. In this study, a genetic algorithm is designed and coded to solve the lpp. Finally, an evaluation of the results is carried out from different perspectives, attempting to ensure the solutions obtained by the algorithm are consistent and therefore useful in practice.