Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Representation for Device Color Gamuts

An important part of color reproduction is the rendering of colors onto display devices, where the colors may be spot colors (e.g., tints) or the colors of a digitized photograph. Display devices, such as monitors and printers, are capable of showing only a subset of all perceivable colors; this subset is called the device color gamut. In this report, we identify a new variation of adaptively sampled distance fields (ADFs) for representing device color gamuts that overcome limitations of previous work. Associated algorithms for gamut testing and gamut construction are discussed. We then describe how the new representation fits nicely into the computational framework used in the ISO ICC specification, the international standard for color reproduction adopted by the industry.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is not a risk factor for venous thromboembolism: the Tromsø study

Background High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is associated with risk of arterial cardiovascular disease but conflicting results have been reported on its role in venous thromboembolic disease. The objective of our study was to investigate the association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and risk of future venous thromboembolism in a prospective cohort recruited from a general population. Design and Methods High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured in serum samples from 6,426 men and women, aged 25–84 years, recruited from the Tromsø Study in the period 1994–1995. Incident venous thromboembolism events (n=209) were registered during a median of 12.5 years of follow up. Cox’s proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate age- and gender-and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for total venous thromboembolism, and for provoked and unprovoked venous thromboembolism by increasing levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Results There was no increased risk of venous thromboembolism per 1 standard deviation increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hazard ratio 1.08; 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.23) or across quartiles of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P for trend 0.6) in analyses adjusted for age and gender. Further adjustment for body mass index, smoking and diabetes did not alter the risk estimates. Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was not associated with venous thromboembolism in either gender specific analysis or in separate analyses of provoked and unprovoked venous thromboembolism events. Conclusions In this prospective study, serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were not associated with future development of venous thromboembolism. Our findings do not suggest a causal role for C-reactive protein in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism.
A New Method for Constructing Metamorphic Relations

A fundamental problem for software testing is the oracle problem, which means that in many practical situations, it is extremely expensive, if not impossible, to verify the test result given any possible program input. Metamorphic testing is an approach to alleviating the oracle problem. The key part of metamorphic testing is a set of necessary properties of the software under test, namely metamorphic relations. Metamorphic relations not only help generate test cases, but also provide a mechanism to partially verify the test results without the need of oracle. In most previous studies, metamorphic relations were identified manually by testers in an ad hoc way. There is no systematic methodology that helps us identify metamorphic relations. In this paper, we propose a simple method, namely, the composition of metamorphic relations, for systematically constructing new metamorphic relations based on the already identified metamorphic relations. We conduct a case study and show that new metamorphic relations can be easily constructed by compositing some existing metamorphic relations. It is also observed that the new metamorphic relations are very likely to deliver a higher cost-effectiveness of metamorphic testing than the original metamorphic relations.
Multiple feedback loop design in the tryptophan regulatory network of Escherichia coli suggests a paradigm for robust regulation of processes in series

Biological networks have evolved through adaptation in uncertain environments. Of the different possible design paradigms, some may offer functional advantages over others. These designs can be quantified by the structure of the network resulting from molecular interactions and the parameter values. One may, therefore, like to identify the design motif present in the evolved network that makes it preferable over other alternatives. In this work, we focus on the regulatory networks characterized by serially arranged processes, which are regulated by multiple feedback loops. Specifically, we consider the tryptophan system present in Escherichia coli, which may be conceptualized as three processes in series, namely transcription, translation and tryptophan synthesis. The multiple feedback loop motif results from three distinct negative feedback loops, namely genetic repression, mRNA attenuation and enzyme inhibition. A framework is introduced to identify the key design components of this network responsible for its physiological performance. We demonstrate that the multiple feedback loop motif, as seen in the tryptophan system, enables robust performance to variations in system parameters while maintaining a rapid response to achieve homeostasis. Superior performance, if arising from a design principle, is intrinsic and, therefore, inherent to any similarly designed system, either natural or engineered. An experimental engineering implementation of the multiple feedback loop design on a two-tank system supports the generality of the robust attributes offered by the design.
An Effective Cross-Layer Packet Scheduling and Routing Algorithm for Delay-Sensitive Media Transmission over MANET

This work presents a tightly-coupled packet scheduling and routing algorithm to effectively transmit delay-sensitive media over mobile ad hoc network. First, packet urgency, node urgency, and route urgency are defined based on the end-to-end delay requirement of each packet and the number of hops over a route. Packet scheduling algorithm and packet drop policy are designed to maximize the number of packets delivered in the tolerable delay bound and minimize their node urgency at each node simultaneously. Finally, the routing algorithm is implemented to search for a route with the minimum route urgency.
Properties and Modeling of GWAS when Complex Disease Risk Is Due to Non-Complementing, Deleterious Mutations in Genes of Large Effect

Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have high power to detect intermediate frequency SNPs making modest contributions to complex disease, but they are underpowered to detect rare alleles of large effect (RALE). This has led to speculation that the bulk of variation for most complex diseases is due to RALE. One concern with existing models of RALE is that they do not make explicit assumptions about the evolution of a phenotype and its molecular basis. Rather, much of the existing literature relies on arbitrary mapping of phenotypes onto genotypes obtained either from standard population-genetic simulation tools or from non-genetic models. We introduce a novel simulation of a 100-kilobase gene region, based on the standard definition of a gene, in which mutations are unconditionally deleterious, are continuously arising, have partially recessive and non-complementing effects on phenotype (analogous to what is widely observed for most Mendelian disorders), and are interspersed with neutral markers that can be genotyped. Genes evolving according to this model exhibit a characteristic GWAS signature consisting of an excess of marginally significant markers. Existing tests for an excess burden of rare alleles in cases have low power while a simple new statistic has high power to identify disease genes evolving under our model. The structure of linkage disequilibrium between causative mutations and significantly associated markers under our model differs fundamentally from that seen when rare causative markers are assumed to be neutral. Rather than tagging single haplotypes bearing a large number of rare causative alleles, we find that significant SNPs in a GWAS tend to tag single causative mutations of small effect relative to other mutations in the same gene. Our results emphasize the importance of evaluating the power to detect associations under models that are genetically and evolutionarily motivated.
The LGBTIreland report: national study of the mental health and wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people in Ireland.

The LGBTIreland Report: national study of the mental health and wellbeing of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people in Ireland GLEN GLEN is a national policy and strategy focused NGO which aims to deliver ambitious and positive change for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in Ireland, ensuring full equality, inclusion and protection from all forms of discrimination and harm. We have a range of work programmes including mental health, education, workplace, sexual health, families and older people.
Direct in vivo access to potential gene targets of the RPD3 histone deactylase using fitness‐based interferential genetics

Using the fitness‐based interferential genetics (FIG) approach in yeast, potential in vivo gene targets of the Rpd3 histone deacetylase were selected. In agreement with previous studies using different methods, three genes were found to be involved in the translational machinery (MRPL27, FHL1 and RDN1). Moreover, other selected genes are linked to cell‐cycle control (CSE4, AMN1, VAC17 and GRR1). In addition to playing a crucial role in cell cycle progression to the S phase and participating in the G2–M transition, GRR1 has important functions related to nutrient import to the cell via the the derepression of hexose transporters and the induction of amino acid permeases. Consistent with this, FIG selection also retrieved: the PMA1 gene, encoding the plasma H+‐membrane ATPase; FOL2 and FOL3, involved in folic acid biosynthesis; and UBR2, which indirectly downregulates the proteasome genes. Finally, the other selected genes, ISU1, involved in the biosynthesis of the iron–sulphur cluster in mitochondria, and the less well functionally defined BSC5 and YBR270c, may participate in the cell's antioxidant and stress defence. The genes emerging from this FIG selection thus appear to be part of the downstream molecular mechanisms of the TOR signalling pathway, accounting for its effects on cell proliferation and longevity. From our results on gene expression under conditions of RPD3 overexpression, and by comparison with the available pharmacogenomics studies, it is proposed that FIG could be an invaluable approach for contributing to our understanding of complex cell regulatory systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of recovery of organisms from blood cultures diluted 10% (volume/volume) and 20% (volume/volume)

We compared blood cultures that were diluted 1:5 (20%, vol/vol) and 1:10 (10%, vol/vol) and contained specimens from patients with suspected septicemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae was recovered significantly more frequently from blood cultures diluted 20%, whereas gram-negative bacilli, group D streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. were recovered significantly sooner and more frequently from blood cultures diluted 10%. Statistically significant differences in isolation rates, however, represented only a small number of patients for whom the positive cultures affected therapy. We conclude that as long as at least two separate sets of blood cultures are obtained per septic episode from each patient, a 1:5 to 1:10 blood/vented (aerobic) medium ratio provides acceptable results. Nevertheless, the results also demonstrate that blood cultures diluted 10% provided greater and faster yields than those provided by blood cultures diluted 20%.
Using Formal Models to Explore Display-Based Usability Issues

This paper addresses how user assumptions can be expressed mathematically so that they can be integrated with an abstract device model. Such an integrated model allows usability decisions to be made about abstract system models to complement the more traditional approach of usability evaluation by user testing.In particular, we address the question of what knowledge the user requires in order to successfully achieve a given task and the role the display plays in supplying and maintaining that knowledge. We illustrate our approach using a modelled web browser.We present two abstract models of the display and discuss how these differing designs affect user knowledge and therefore behaviour. We expose an apparently paradoxical result: that improving the user knowledge about the device may lead to more error-prone behaviour. This result leads us to a discussion of what it actually means (and does not mean) for a device to be `usable?
COVERT DISCLOSURES

This paper highlights the role of unofficial sources—unauthorized “leakers”—in the public sector and their contribution to investigative journalism and to a lesser extent to routine news production. Unauthorized sources do not enjoy the ease of access to journalists, the economic resources, the human resources, nor the legitimacy conferred on official sources. Interviews conducted with journalists and sources show that at times these barriers have been overcome through the establishment of relationships of trust based on the confidentiality of the identity of the source and through careful cross-checking by journalists of information supplied by leakers.
HOW MANY INFRARED DARK CLOUDS CAN FORM MASSIVE STARS AND CLUSTERS?

We present a new assessment of the ability of Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) to form massive stars and clusters. This is done by comparison with an empirical mass–size threshold for massive star formation (MSF). We establish m(r)>870 M☉(r/pc)1.33 as a novel approximate MSF limit, based on clouds with and without MSF. Many IRDCs, if not most, fall short of this threshold. Without significant evolution, such clouds are unlikely MSF candidates. This provides a first quantitative assessment of the small number of IRDCs evolving toward MSF. IRDCs below this limit might still form stars and clusters of up to intermediate mass, though (like, e.g., the Ophiuchus and Perseus Molecular Clouds). Nevertheless, a major fraction of the mass contained in IRDCs might reside in few 102 clouds sustaining MSF.
Potentially severe drug–drug interactions among older people and associations in assisted living facilities in Finland: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective: This study aims to assess potentially severe class D drug–drug interactions (DDDIs) in residents 65 years or older in assisted living facilities with the use of a Swedish and Finnish drug–drug interaction database (SFINX). Design: A cross-sectional study of residents in assisted living facilities in Helsinki, Finland. Setting: A total of 1327 residents were assessed in this study. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and DDDIs were coded according to the SFINX. Main outcome measures: Prevalence of DDDIs, associated factors and 3-year mortality among residents. Results: Of the participants (mean age was 82.7 years, 78.3% were females), 5.9% (N = 78) are at risk for DDDIs, with a total of 86 interactions. Participants with DDDIs had been prescribed a higher number of drugs (10.8 (SD 3.8) vs. 7.9 (SD 3.7), p < 0.001). A larger proportion of residents with DDDIs suffered from rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis than those not exposed to DDDIs (24.7% vs. 15.4%, p = 0.030). The most frequent DDDIs were related to the concomitant use of potassium with amiloride (N = 12) or spironolactone (N = 12). Carbamazepine (N = 13) and methotrexate (N = 9) treatments were also frequently linked to DDDIs. During the follow-up, no differences in mortality emerged between the participants exposed to DDDIs and the participants not exposed to DDDIs. Conclusions: Of the residents in assisted living, 5.9% were exposed to DDDIs associated with the use of a higher number of drugs. Physicians should be trained to find safer alternatives to drugs associated with DDDIs. KEY POINTS Potentially severe, class D drug–drug interactions (DDDIs) have been defined in the SFINX database as clinically relevant drug interactions that should be avoided. • Of the residents in assisted living, 5.9% were exposed to DDDIs that were associated with the use of a higher number of drugs. • The most frequent DDDIs were related to the concomitant use of potassium with amiloride or spironolactone. Carbamazepine and methotrexate were also linked to DDDIs. • No difference in mortality was observed between residents exposed to DDDIs and residents not exposed to DDDIs.
tert-Butyl 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxylate

In the title compound, C19H22F3NO4, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the conjugated part of the enaminone ring is 42.5 (1)°. The ester substituent makes a dihedral angle of 81.3 (2)° with this latter moiety. The crystal structure is held together by strong N—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O intermolecular interactions. The enaminone ring is disordered over two orientations with relative occupancies of 0.794 (4) and 0.206 (4).
Forecasting Using Principal Components From a Large Number of Predictors

This article considers forecasting a single time series when there are many predictors (N) and time series observations (T). When the data follow an approximate factor model, the predictors can be summarized by a small number of indexes, which we estimate using principal components. Feasible forecasts are shown to be asymptotically efficient in the sense that the difference between the feasible forecasts and the infeasible forecasts constructed using the actual values of the factors converges in probability to 0 as both N and T grow large. The estimated factors are shown to be consistent, even in the presence of time variation in the factor model.
Territory, Politics, Governance and Multispatial Metagovernance

Abstract This article interrogates the concepts in this journal's title and, drawing on the strategic-relational approach in social theory, explores their interconnections. This conceptual re-articulation is then contextualized in regard to the European Union (EU) as a political regime that serves as a real-time laboratory for experiments in government and governance with implications for redesigning polities, politics, and policies, especially in response to symptoms of political and policy failures and other crises. Mobilizing the territory-place-scale-network schema, and drawing on critical governance studies, this article offers an alternative account of these developments based on (1) their sociospatial and temporal complexities, (2) recognition that socio-spatial relations are objects and means of government and governance and not just sites where such practices occur, and (3) extension of this approach to multispatial meta-governance, that is, attempts to govern the government and governance of socio-spatial relations. The article ends with suggestions for future research on the state and state power, governance of the EU, and the role of Territory, Politics, Governance as a major forum for future discussion on multispatial metagovernance.
Narrative abilities in early successive bilingual Slovak–English children: A cross-language comparison

ABSTRACT This study investigates macrostructure skill transfer in successive bilingual children speaking Slovak and English, a new language combination for narrative research. We examined whether narrative performance reflected language dominance and assessed relationships between nonword repetition (NWR) and narrative skills within and across languages. Forty typically developing Slovak–English bilingual children (mean age = 5 years, 10 months) were evaluated for microstructure and macrostructure performance in both languages through story telling and retelling tasks. In addition, NWR was assessed in Slovak, the children's first language (L1). Macrostructure scores were higher in their L1 than in their second language (L2), but comprehension did not differ across languages. L1 NWR was significantly related to L1 microstructure scores, but not to L1/L2 macrostructure or L2 microstructure. Implications for assessing bilingual children's language are discussed.
Generating colored 2-dimensional representations of sleep EEG with the KANTS clustering algorithm

Evolutionary Computation and Swarm Intelligence (SI) are currently some of the scientific research fields where scientists and artists seek for tools and inspiration for creating what is known as generative art. Within the SI field, social insects and the concept of stigmergy, in particular, have inspired several significant artworks that question the borders and nature of creativity. This paper addresses generative art created with SI systems and presents a set of images that correspond to a working mechanism of an ant-based clustering algorithm, which uses data samples that interact via the environment and generate what we call abstract swarm paintings. The algorithm, called KANTS, consists in a simple set of equations that model the local behavior of the ants (data samples) in a way that, when travelling on a heterogeneous 2-dimensional lattice of vectors, they tend to form clusters according to the class of each sample. The algorithm was previously proposed for clustering. In this paper, KANTS is used outside a purely scientific framework and applied to data extracted from sleep-Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. With such data, the lattice vectors have three variables, which are used for generating the RGB values of a colored image. Therefore, from the action of the swarm on the environment, we get 2-dimensional colored abstract sketches of human sleep. We call these images pherogenic drawings, since the data used for creating them are actually visual representations of the algorithm's pheromone maps. As a visualization and creative tool, the method is contextualized within the swarm art field.
Status Attainment and Religion: A Re-Evaluation

This research addresses the achievement of socioeconomic status among members of six white religio-ethnic groups in the United States: Baptists, Methodists, Irish and Italian Catholics, Jews and Episcopalians. The BlauDuncan status attainment model is used to assess the degree to which status differentials reflect an ability to convert background resources into status, focusing on the assumption that the status attainment process operates similarly across all religio-ethnic groups. Structural equation models of the status attainment process are constructed for each religio-ethnic group. Findings indicate that family background variables are of differential importance to the status attainment process across religio-ethnic groups, suggesting that each religio-ethnic group should be considered separately in social research.
Low-density parity-check accumulate codes

This paper presents a class of high-rate codes called low-density parity-check accumulate (LDPCA) codes. The code design is the serial concatenation of an LDPC outer code and an accumulator with an interleaver. The iterative decoding for the LDPCA code design has complexity linear to the code length. When using regular LDPC codes with column weight 2, the proposed codes have low encoding complexity and are advantageous for hardware implementation. Simulation results show that the regular LDPCA codes have the same error performance with the regular LDPC codes at the waterfall region and outperform product accumulate codes at the error floor region. The investigation on weight distributions proves that regular LDPCA codes have the asymptotic minimum distance proportional to the code length. In addition, iterative decoding thresholds under density evolution are obtained with a Gaussian approximation.