Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia on nuclear RNA polymerase activity of the mouse spleen.

The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of nuclei from lymphoid-rich and erythroid-rich mouse spleens was compared in regard to requirements and conditions of the reactions. The inhibition by either actinomycin D or pancreatic DNase indicated that a DNA template was required for the observed reactions. Following the induction of a hemolytic anemia by the administration of phenylhydrazine, there was a tenfold increase in the nuclear polymerase activity per milligram nuclear DNA of the developing erythropoietic spleen when the assays were done at low ionic strength and more than a threefold increase at high ionic strength. The peak rise in polymerase activity precedes the maximal development of the erythropoietic spleen by 3 days.
Research on Energy Consumption Evaluation Combined with Endogenous Pollutants of China Based on Entropy-Topsis

Abstract The traditional evaluation of energy consumption mostly introduces pollutants as a negative economic output into evaluating model, ignoring the configuration relationship among the energy input, pollutants as well as economic output. This paper considers the overall process of energy consumption and constructs an evaluation indication system of energy consumption level combined with endogenous pollutants based on entropytopsis method, then makes empirical research. The results show that China’s energy consumption level presents a fluctuant rise in the premise of emission. Energy consumption level depends on the relationship among energy input, pollutants and economic output. The raise of energy consumption level should not increase economic output and reduce pollutant emission at the expense of environment. Finally, the whole paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the overall level of energy consumption.
Expression of c-sis and platelet-derived growth factor in in vitro-transformed glioma cells from rat brain tissue transplacentally treated with ethylnitrosourea

Long-term culturing of brain cells from neonatal BD-IX rats after transplacental treatment with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) results in malignantly transformed cells after a lag period of about 250 days. During culturing, the brain cells undergo a sequence of morphological changes. We examined oncogene expression in cultured cells from ENU-treated animals and found that transformed glioma cells differ from premalignant glial cells by containing high levels of c-sis transcripts. We also report that the transformed cells synthesize functional platelet-derived growth factor. Because glial cells have receptors for platelet-derived growth factor, we propose that an autocrine mechanism plays an important role in ENU-induced brain tumorigenesis.
Genome-Wide SNP Discovery and Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Farmed Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) in Northeast China Using Double-Digest Restriction Site-Associated DNA Sequencing

Sika deer are an economically valuable species owing to their use in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly their velvet antlers. Sika deer in northeast China are mostly farmed in enclosure. Therefore, genetic management of farmed sika deer would benefit from detailed knowledge of their genetic diversity. In this study, we generated over 1.45 billion high-quality paired-end reads (288 Gbp) across 42 unrelated individuals using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq). A total of 96,188 (29.63%) putative biallelic SNP loci were identified with an average sequencing depth of 23×. Based on the analysis, we found that the majority of the loci had a deficit of heterozygotes (FIS >0) and low values of Hobs, which could be due to inbreeding and Wahlund effects. We also developed a collection of high-quality SNP probes that will likely be useful in a variety of applications in genotyping for cervid species in the future.
The Theory of Monetary Aggregation

Preface. Editors' Introduction. Part I: Monetary Index Number Theory and the Price of Money. Section 1.1: Editors' Overview of Part I (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 1.2: Derivation of the User Cost of Monetary Services. Section 1.3: The Price of Monetary Services and Its Use in Monetary Index Number Theory. Part 2: Index Number Theory. Section 2.1: Editors' Overview of Part 2 (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 2.2: General Index Number Theory. Section 2.3: Monetary Index Number Theory. Part 3: Extensions of Index Number Theory. Section 3.1: Editors' Overview of Part 3 (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 3.2: Extensions to Second Moments. Section 3.3: Extensions to Risk. Section 3.3.1. Monetary Aggregation Theory Under Risk. Section 3.3.2 Monetary Index Number Theory Under Risk. Section 3.4: Extensions to Capitalized Money Stock Aggregation. Part 4: Consumer Monetary Aggregation Under Perfect Certainty. Section 4.1: Editors' Overview of Part 4 (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 4.2: General Index Number Theory. Part 5: Demand and Supply Side Monetary Aggregation by Firms and Financial Intermediaries. Section 5.1: Editors' Overview of Part 5 (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 5.2: Production and Supply Side. Section 5.3: Extensions to Risk. Part 6: Monetary Policy with Exact Monetary Aggregation. Section 6.1: Editors' Overview of Part 6 (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section 6.2: Monetary Policy. Section 6.3: Macroeconomic Policy. Data Appendix. Section A.1: Editors' overview of appendix (W.A. Barnett, A. Serletis). Section A.2: St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank data. Appendix A. Consolidated references. Index by name. Index by subject.
Diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis with echo-planar T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes suggestive of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) on T1- and T2-weighted images may be subtle and their identification requires a high degree of suspicion. Magnetic resonance venography remains essential for definitive diagnosis. Recent reports have shown that T2(*)-weighted MR sequence is more sensitive than T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images in detecting subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages, both of which can be seen in association with CVT. The value of T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing CVT has not been well studied. OBJECTIVES To investigate and describe T2*(susceptibility-weighted) MRI findings in 5 patients with CVT. METHODS We reviewed our stroke database from May 1, 1997, through May 31, 2001. The diagnosis of CVT was made in 6 patients, 5 had an MRI with T2* sequence. We examined T2*/susceptibility-weighted images for these 5 patients to determine their ability, relative to T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR sequences, to detect CVT. RESULTS On T2*-weighted images, we were able to detect areas of hypointensities in the affected veins and/or sinuses in all 5 patients. Thrombosed veins and/or sinuses were more easily seen on T2*-weighted images than on any other MR sequence. The T2* sequence also allowed visualization of associated hemorrhagic venous infarcts, which were considerably less obvious on other MR sequences. CONCLUSIONS The T2*-weighted MR sequence can be useful in rapid detection of CVT and may enable the diagnosis to be made prior to MR venography. This is particularly important in clinically unsuspected patients, in whom MR venography is rarely obtained.
Ambient Light Exposure and Changes in Obesity Parameters: A Longitudinal Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort.

CONTEXT Previous epidemiological studies have suggested an association between nighttime light levels and the prevalence of obesity, although evidence is limited to cross-sectional studies. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the longitudinal association between ambient light exposure and the subsequent changes in obesity parameters. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Data from 1110 elderly participants at baseline (mean age, 71.9 years) and data from 766 at follow-up (median, 21 months) were included in this prospective population-based study. MEASURES Time-dependent ambient light exposure based on objective measurements and changes in the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body mass index (BMI) were measured. RESULTS Multivariable mixed-effect linear regression models showed a significant association between light exposure and the %WHtR gain; this was independent of potential confounders (eg, caloric intake, physical activity, and sleep/wake parameters). Nighttime or evening exposure to higher light intensity was significantly associated with subsequent %WHtR gain. Morning exposure to a longer time ≥500 lux or nighttime exposure to a longer time <3 lux was significantly associated with subsequent %WHtR loss. These association trends were nearly consistent when the BMI was used as an obesity parameter. Increased nighttime light exposure (mean ≥3 vs <3 lux) was estimated to correspond to a 10.2% WHtR gain and a 10.0% increase in BMI over 10 years. CONCLUSIONS Ambient light exposure, such as increased nighttime or evening light exposure and decreased morning light exposure, was independently associated with subsequent increases in obesity parameters. Further interventional studies are warranted to establish an optimal controlled lighting environment as a preventive option against obesity.
Rights of Animals, Perceptions of Science, and Political Activism: Profile of American Animal Rights Activists

This article reports original research examining characteristics of the active followers of the American animal rights movement. Typical respondents were Caucasian, highly educated urban professional women approximately thirty years old with a median income of $33,000 (1989). Most activists think of themselves as Democrats or as Independents, and have moderate to liberal political views. They were often suspicious of science and made no distinctions between basic and applied science, or public versus private animal-based research. The research suggests that animal rights activism is in part a symbolic manifestation of egalitarian social and political views concerning scientific and technological change.
Molecular modeling of the second extracellular loop of G‐protein coupled receptors and its implication on structure‐based virtual screening

The current study describes the validation of high‐throughput modeling procedures for the construction of the second extracellular loop (ecl2) of all nonolfactory human G Protein‐coupled receptors. Our modeling flowchart is based on the alignment of essential residues determining the particular ecl2 fold observed in the bovine rhodopsin (bRho) crystal structure. For a set of GPCR targets, the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), adenosine A3 receptor (AA3R), and the thromboxane A2 receptor (TA2R), the implications of including ecl2 atomic coordinates is evaluated in terms of structure‐based virtual screening accuracy: the suitability of the 3D models to distinguish between known antagonists and randomly chosen decoys using automated docking approaches. The virtual screening results of different models describing increasingly exhaustive receptor representations (seven helices only, seven helices and ecl2 loop, full model) have been compared. Explicit modeling of the ecl2 loop was found to be important in only one of three test cases whereas a loopless model was shown to be accurate enough in the two other receptors. An exhaustive comparison of ecl2 loops of 365 receptors to that of bRho suggests that explicit ecl2 loop modeling should be reserved to receptors where loop building can be guided by experimental restraints. Proteins 2008; 71:599–620. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An EMG-based force prediction and control approach for robot-assisted lower limb rehabilitation

This paper proposes an electromyography (EMG)-based method for online force prediction and control of a lower limb rehabilitation robot. Root mean square (RMS) features of EMG signals from four muscles of the lower limb are used as the inputs to a support vector regression (SVR) model to estimate the human-robot interaction force. The autoregressive algorithm is utilized to construct the relationship between EMG signals and the impact force. Combining the force prediction model with the position-based impedance controller, the robot can be controlled to track the desired force of the lower limb, and so as to achieve an adaptive and active rehabilitation mode, which is adaptable to the individual muscle strength and movement ability. Finally, the method was validated through experiments on a healthy subject. The results show that the EMG-based SVR model can predict the lower limb force accurately and the robot can be controlled to track the estimated force by using simplified impedance model.
Wavelet/trellis coded quantization of complex SAR imagery

This paper describes Lockheed Martin's wavelet/trellis coded quantization (W/TCQ) compression algorithm and presents results of quantitative assessment of the impact of data compression on complex SAR data. Compression performance was evaluated both quantitatively using statistical measurements and qualitatively by image analysts. Trade studies of various compression schemes and data formats were also investigated. Data distortion due to compression/decompression was assessed using statistical metrics. Quantitative assessments were performed with error analyses and a simple decision function to address how data compression affects automatic target recognition performance. The magnitude and phase channels can be allocated different compression ratios to maintain both high quality image interpretability and necessary phase fidelity.
Using Gaze to Predict Text Readability

We show that text readability prediction improves significantly from hard parameter sharing with models predicting first pass duration, total fixation duration and regression duration. Specifically, we induce multi-task Multilayer Perceptrons and Logistic Regression models over sentence representations that capture various aggregate statistics, from two different text readability corpora for English, as well as the Dundee eye-tracking corpus. Our approach leads to significant improvements over Single task learning and over previous systems. In addition, our improvements are consistent across train sample sizes, making our approach especially applicable to small datasets.
Seeking Explanations Not Preserving Theorems: Corporate Finance, Confidence, Asymmetric Information, and the UK Macroeconomy

In his thirtieth-anniversary retrospective on the Modigliani-Miller (MM [1958]) capital structure propositions, Merton Miller observed: "the view that capital structure is literally irrelevant or that 'nothing matters' in corporate finance . is far from what we ever actually said about the real-world application of our theoretical propositions. " He went on to regret that "perhaps we should have put more emphasis on the other, upbeat side of the 'nothing matters' coin: showing what doesn 'f matter can also show, by implication, what does" (Miller, 1988, p. 100). Miller surely had no cause for regret, however. Whatever the emphasis in the 1958 paper may have been, orthodox theorists following MM have shown singular dedication in absorbing the lesson inherent in its logic: namely, that what matters in capital structure decisions in the real world--indeed what alone can matter-is the presence of market imperfections. So totally have they taken the point to heart, in fact, that uncovering market imperfections and formally theorizing about them now are the long and short of the orthodox research agenda on capital structure. 1 Indeed, this approach seems to characterize the work even of
Life‐Space Assessment questionnaire: Novel measurement properties for Brazilian community‐dwelling older adults

The Life‐Space Assessment (LSA) assesses mobility from the spaces that older adults go, and how often and how independent they move. Despite its increased use, LSA measurement properties remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze the content validity, reliability, construct validity and interpretability of the LSA for Brazilian community‐dwelling older adults.
Is “lean” a universal production system?: Batch production in the automotive industry

This paper sets out to test the claim made in the lean production literature that the lean production system is universally applicable. The proponents of the lean production model insist that it will supersede both mass production and specialised batch production; but this paper argues that, whilst lean production practices have been adopted and adapted by many producers, batch production has an enduring value from both a work design and a manufacturing process design perspective. The paper reviews the evidence for the persistence of batch production and of craft work methods in both luxury vehicle manufacture and specialty component manufacture and highlights the conditions under which batch production remains viable.
Structural and functional analysis of the 5' untranslated region of coxsackievirus B3 RNA: In vivo translational and infectivity studies of full-length mutants.

The lengthy 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) forms a highly ordered secondary structure, which plays an important role in controlling viral transcription and translation. Our previous work has delineated the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) by mutation of mono- and bicistronic plasmids containing the 5'UTR and subsequent cell- free translation in rabbit reticular lysate (D. Yang, J. E. Wilson, D. R. Anderson, L. Bohunek, C. Cordeiro, R. Kandolf, and B. M. McManus. (1997). Virology 228, 63-73). To further identify the sequence elements responsible for viral translation and infectivity in tissue culture cells, >30 full-length mutants of CVB3 were constructed by mutations of the IRES and its flanking regions. Viral RNAs were transcribed from these constructs and transfected into HeLa cells. When the stem-loops G and H in the putative IRES were deleted, viral infectivity was abolished and viral protein translation was also undetectable by immunoblot analysis. However, when stem-loops A and B were deleted or stem-loop E was partially deleted, viral protein translation could be detected although cytopathic effect could not be observed. The data suggest that the crucial sequence of the IRES is located at stem-loops G and H. Further serial deletion mapping up and down stream of the crucial sequence defined more accurately the 5' and 3' boundaries of the IRES, located at nucleotides (nts) 309-432 and 639-670, respectively. These results indicate that the core sequence of the IRES should be located at nts 432-639. This IRES segment is much shorter and located closer to the initiation codon than that of poliovirus. To further define critical nucleotides within the IRES core, site-directed mutagenesis was conducted at the IRES core sequence by PCR. A 46-nt deletion in the pyrimidine-rich tract of stem-loop G abolished viral translation and infectivity. Interestingly, five single-nt substitutions in the pyrimidine-rich tract aimed at destabilizing the base pairing between the viral IRES and host 18S rRNA did not abolish CVB3 infectivity although viral protein translation was significantly reduced. This finding suggests that ribosomal internal initiation of translation and viral infectivity not only may require RNA secondary structure but also may need tertiary structure and perhaps the assistance of host protein factors.
Population genetics of Setaria viridis, a new model system

An extensive survey of the standing genetic variation in natural populations is among the priority steps in developing a species into a model system. In recent years, green foxtail (Setaria viridis), along with its domesticated form foxtail millet (S. italica), has rapidly become a promising new model system for C4 grasses and bioenergy crops, due to its rapid life cycle, large amount of seed production and small diploid genome, among other characters. However, remarkably little is known about the genetic diversity in natural populations of this species. In this study, we survey the genetic diversity of a worldwide sample of more than 200 S. viridis accessions, using the genotyping‐by‐sequencing technique. Two distinct genetic groups in S. viridis and a third group resembling S. italica were identified, with considerable admixture among the three groups. We find the genetic variation of North American S. viridis correlates with both geography and climate and is representative of the total genetic diversity in this species. This pattern may reflect several introduction/dispersal events of S. viridis into North America. We also modelled demographic history and show signal of recent population decline in one subgroup. Finally, we show linkage disequilibrium decay is rapid (<45 kb) in our total sample and slow in genetic subgroups. These results together provide an in‐depth understanding of the pattern of genetic diversity of this new model species on a broad geographic scale. They also provide key guidelines for on‐going and future work including germplasm preservation, local adaptation, crossing designs and genomewide association studies.
Non-adherence to immunosuppressants following renal transplantation: a protocol for a systematic review

Introduction Adherence to immunosuppressant medication is essential for renal transplant recipients. This review aims to summarise what is known about non-adherence, with a view to providing comprehensive evidence to inform strategies aimed at advancing adherent behaviour. Methods and analysis A systematic review of quantitative studies that report adherence to immunosuppressants in adult (over 18 years) renal transplant recipients. The review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines; study quality will be assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Systematic searches will be completed across relevant databases. Two reviewers will independently extract data using a predefined data extraction form. We will summarise the operationalisation of adherence across studies and use narrative synthesis to identify factors associated with non-adherence. A meta-analysis will be conducted if there is sufficient homogeneity, and available data, across studies to estimate the prevalence of non-adherence in renal transplant recipients. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I2 test. Survival analysis will be conducted to estimate hazard ratios to explore the impact of non-adherence on graft survival, graft failure and patient survival. Ethics and dissemination Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated at conferences for professionals and researchers. Review outcomes will help support clinical practice by highlighting the extent of non-adherence among adults, and in doing so, signpost the need for suitable intervention. Trial registration number PROSPERO registration number (CRD42016038751).