Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prospect theoretic analysis of anti-jamming communications in cognitive radio networks

An anti-jamming communication game between a cognitive radio enabled secondary user (SU) and a cognitive radio enabled jammer is considered, in which end-user decision making is modeled using prospect theory (PT). More specifically, the interactions between a user and a smart jammer (i.e., their respective choices of transmission probability) are formulated as a game under the assumption that end-user decision making under uncertainty does not follow the traditional objective assumptions stipulated by expected utility theory (EUT), but rather follows the subjective deviations specified by PT. Under the assumption that the capacity of the system is governed by the primary user activity, the Nash equilibria of the game are characterized under various conditions and the impact of the players' subjectivity (deviation from EUT behavior) on the SU's throughput is measured. Simulation results show that the subjective view of an SU tends to exaggerate the jamming probabilities and decreases its transmission probability, thus reducing the average throughput. On the other hand, the subjectivity of a jammer tends to reduce its jamming probability and thus increases the SU throughput.
Moving target detection for polarimetric MIMO radar in homogeneous Gaussian clutter

This paper considers the moving target detection (MTD) problem for polarimetric multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar in the presence of Gaussian clutter. By exploiting the polarimetric information, we devise two different generalized likelihood ratio tests (GLRTs) with a generic number of polarimetric channels, according to the centralized and distributed processing schemes of MIMO radar systems, respectively. Then, we provide several numerical simulations with typical parameters, and the results illustrate that the use of multiple polarimetric channels can yield a reasonable improvement in the detection of moving target.
Learning Intuitive Physics by Explaining Surprise

The IntPhys Challenge aims to evaluate how well algorithms capture "common sense" about the physical world by measuring the ability to detect violations of intuitive physics in dynamic multi-object visual scenes. One approach to this problem is to define or learn a detailed model of the observations and dynamics and to then detect violations of that model. While viable, this approach poses challenges in acquiring an accurate enough model that can handle detailed non-linear object interactions, such as visual occlusion and collisions. In this work, we consider an alternative approach, the Surprise and Explain (SnE) framework, which aims for simplicity while remaining highly flexible. The key idea is to exploit the assumption that, for the vast majority of time, objects follow simple dynamic models, e.g. linear dynamics. Further, when the simple dynamics are occasionally violated ("surprises") due to non-linear interactions, e.g. collisions and occlusion, it is assumed that there is a small set of detectable explanations for the surprise. Violations of intuitive physics then correspond to surprises for which an explanation cannot be inferred. This paper develops an instantiation of the SnE framework and demonstrates its potential in the IntPhys Challenge by placing 2nd at the time of this paper’s submission.1
Structure of the ArgRS–GlnRS–AIMP1 complex and its implications for mammalian translation

Significance In higher eukaryotes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are assembled to form a multisynthetase complex (MSC), which plays critical roles in translation and nontranslation functions essential for cell growth and survival of organisms. The MSC complex is comprised of nine different ARSs and three accessary proteins. The crystal structure of the arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS)–glutaminyl-tRNA synthase–aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) subcomplex reveals that the N-terminal domains of ArgRS and AIMP1 form an extended coiled-coil structure, which provides a central depot for the assembly of a ternary complex. The stability of the N-terminal helix of ArgRS is critical for its ARS activity and noncanonical function of the subcomplex, explaining the significance of the MSC structure in translation and cellular functions. In higher eukaryotes, one of the two arginyl-tRNA synthetases (ArgRSs) has evolved to have an extended N-terminal domain that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and cell growth and in integration into the multisynthetase complex (MSC). Here, we report a crystal structure of the MSC subcomplex comprising ArgRS, glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (GlnRS), and the auxiliary factor aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1)/p43. In this complex, the N-terminal domain of ArgRS forms a long coiled-coil structure with the N-terminal helix of AIMP1 and anchors the C-terminal core of GlnRS, thereby playing a central role in assembly of the three components. Mutation of AIMP1 destabilized the N-terminal helix of ArgRS and abrogated its catalytic activity. Mutation of the N-terminal helix of ArgRS liberated GlnRS, which is known to control cell death. This ternary complex was further anchored to AIMP2/p38 through interaction with AIMP1. These findings demonstrate the importance of interactions between the N-terminal domains of ArgRS and AIMP1 for the catalytic and noncatalytic activities of ArgRS and for the assembly of the higher-order MSC protein complex.
in vitro motility of cells from human epidermoid carcinomas. a study by phase‐contrast and reflection‐contrast cinematography

The motile behavior of six cell lines derived from human squamous carcinomas (two from the larynx, four from the tongue) was studied by cinematography under phase‐ and reflection‐contrast illumination. The recorded cell activities consist in spreading, stationary and translocative motility, and aggregate formation. Within this common pattern, quantitative modifications (≪sub‐patterns ≪) are stable properties of the individual cell lines. Such modifications are particularly evident with regard to the dynamic texture of the aggregates which ranges from loose, netlike structures to compact islands with smooth borders. Accordingly, the intensity of cell traffic within and around the aggregates varies considerably. It is discussed to what extent the in vitro motility of the carcinoma cell populations reflects their behavior in the organism and thus the significance of cell movements for invasion.
Use of Gore-Tex tubing as a conduit for inferior alveolar and lingual nerve repair: experience with 6 cases.

PURPOSE This report evaluates treatment outcomes associated with the use of Gore-Tex (GT; W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) vein graft tubing as a conduit for repair of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and lingual nerve (LN) continuity defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS Six patients (5 female and 1 male) with painful dysesthesia secondary to injuries of the IAN (n = 3) or LN (n = 3) underwent surgical exploration and resection of pathologic tissue. Reconstruction of the resultant continuity defects was performed using 3-mm diameter GT tubing sutured to the epineurium of the proximal and distal nerve trunks. Nerve reconstruction was performed an average of 20 months after injury (range, 4 to 48 months). Patients were tested before and after surgery with the following tests: subjective pain level using an analogue scale, sharp stimulus, touch, cold sensation, directional sense, and 2-point discrimination. RESULTS Four patients reported no change in subjective pain level, and 2 patients had minimal decrease in pain. Two patients reported some sensation to sharp stimulus, and 1 patient was hypersensitive. Three patients responded to touch, and 3 had no response. Four patients had no response to cold sensation, and 2 had a delayed response. Only 1 patient could detect brushstroke direction. Three patients had no response to 2-point discrimination, and 3 responded at greater than 20 mm. CONCLUSIONS Use of GT tubing in this group of patients produced poor clinical outcomes and is not recommended for nerve reconstruction of IAN and LN continuity defects.
[What is the methodological quality of articles on therapeutic procedures published in Cirugía Española?].

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the methodological quality of articles on therapeutic procedures published in Cirugía Española and to study its association with the publication year, center, and subject-matter. MATERIAL AND METHOD A bibliometric study that included all articles on therapeutic procedures published in Cirugía Española between 2001 and 2004 was performed. All kinds of clinical designs were considered, excluding editorials, review articles, letters to editor, and experimental studies. The variables analyzed were: year of publication, center, design, and methodological quality. Methodological quality was determined by a valid and reliable scale. Descriptive statistics (calculation of means, standard deviation and medians) and analytical statistics (Pearson's chi2, nonparametric, ANOVA and Bonferroni tests) were used. RESULTS A total of 244 articles were studied (197 case series [81%], 28 cohort studies [12%], 17 clinical trials [7%], 1 cross sectional study and 1 case-control study [0.8%]). The studies were performed mainly in Catalonia and Murcia (22% and 16%, respectively). The most frequent subject areas were soft tissue and hepatobiliopancreatic surgery (23% and 19%, respectively). The mean and median of the methodological quality score calculated for the entire series was 10.2 +/- 3.9 points and 9.5 points, respectively. Methodological quality significantly increased by publication year (p < 0.001). An association between methodological quality and subject area was observed but no association was detected with the center performing the study. CONCLUSIONS The methodological quality of articles on therapeutic procedures published in Cirugía Española between 2001 and 2004 is low. However, a statistically significant trend toward improvement was observed.
Human versus Technology: Comparing the effect of Private Security patrol and Crime Prevention Information System over the Crime Level and Safety perception

Crime reduction became one of the major issues of the modern society. In order to achieve public reassurance, police forces all over the world are undertaking actions to involve citizens in crime prevention through community policing. In parallel, technological platforms were deployed in order to share crime-related information with the public and to support the development of problem-solving strategies. However, the impact of these initiatives in terms of crime reduction and perception has not been sufficiently investigated yet. Furthermore, up to now, no previous studies compared the effectiveness between the traditional approach of preventive patrolling and technology-based crime prevention solutions. Therefore, we present a study design which aims at assessing the effectiveness of the two aforementioned crime prevention measures. The goal is to evaluate and compare their effects over the local criminal activity and citizen’s safety perception measured by Fear of Crime (FOC) and Perceived Risk of Victimization (PRV) constructs. Preliminary results show a rather low level of FOC across the whole sample, paired by a high level of PRV. Furthermore, potential explanatory background factors for the previous constructs have been identified and will be explored in future work.
Localization performance analysis of KNN in IEEE 802.11 TGn channel

With growing demand for location based services, research on high resolution location estimation methods in indoor wireless environments have grown over the years. Currently the most popular localization method based on RSS is the fingerprinting KNN method proposed by Bahl and Padmanabhan due to its simplicity. In this paper we present the experimental results on the multiple antenna KNN method in IEEE 802.11 TGn MIMO channel models for high resolution location estimation.
FRM: An Intelligent Assistant for Financial Resource Management

FRM is an experimental, knowledge-based system that assists in the judgmental aspects of budget planning and financial resource management. Problem solving in this domain requires many kinds of knowledge from many sources. We represent domain knowledge uniformly as constraints and view resource management and planning problems as constraint satisfaction and resolution tasks. We sketch here the financial resources management problem, our approach, and early results, concentrating on constraint representation and management issues in the system.
Static Free Space Detection with Laser Scanner using Occupancy Grid Maps

Drivable free space information is vital for autonomous vehicles that have to plan evasive maneuvers in real-time. In this paper, we present a new efficient method for environmental free space detection with laser scanner based on 2D occupancy grid maps (OGM) to be used for Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Collision Avoidance Systems (CAS). Firstly, we introduce an enhanced inverse sensor model tailored for high-resolution laser scanners for building OGM. It compensates the unreflected beams and deals with the ray casting to grid cells accuracy and computational effort problems. Secondly, we introduce the 'vehicle on a circle for grid maps' map alignment algorithm that allows building more accurate local maps by avoiding the computationally expensive inaccurate operations of image sub-pixel shifting and rotation. The resulted grid map is more convenient for ADAS features than existing methods, as it allows using less memory sizes, and hence, results into a better real-time performance. Thirdly, we present an algorithm to detect what we call the 'in-sight edges'. These edges guarantee modeling the free space area with a single polygon of a fixed number of vertices regardless the driving situation and map complexity. The results from real world experiments show the effectiveness of our approach.
Impact of assimilating high frequency radar surface currents on the fidelity of a Middle Atlantic Bight circulation model

The systematic establishment of coastal ocean observation systems adopting cutting-edge technology, such as High Frequency (HF) radar, satellite sensing and gliders, has provided unprecedented opportunities for improving and assessing ocean model hindcasts and forecasts. We assess the impact of assimilating high quality HF radar observations covering the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) into an operational New York Harbor Observation and Prediction System (NYHOPS). A nudging or Newtonian damping scheme is developed to assimilate the HF radar surface currents during operational NYHOPS observation-based spin-up (-24 to 0 forecast h). The effectiveness of data assimilation (DA) is evaluated by comparisons to surface currents derived from Lagrangian drifters tracked during a total 67 days in 2010 and 2011. The impact of DA on NYHOPS's ability to simulate surface currents correctly during both the NYHOPS hindcast (-24 to 0 h) and free forecast (0 to 24 h) periods is analyzed quantitatively. In the MAB, DA decreased the root-mean-square-difference (RMSD) between the NYHOPS hindcast and the HF radar surface current components by approximately 3 cm s-1 between Jun 9th, 2011 and Jul 21st, 2011. Compared to historic current-meter-data estimates of the dominant semidiurnal tidal current constituent, harmonic analysis of the NYHOPS surface currents after DA shows an average 1.0 cm s-1 improvement in the semimajor axis, a 0.2 cm s-1 improvement in the semi-minor axis, a 10° decrease in the averaged phase, and a 13° decrease in the average ellipse orientation estimates. The average RMSD between NYHOPS hindcast surface currents and those derived along the observed drifter trajectories was 13.6 cm s-1, which, after DA, decreased by 1.1 cm s-1 (8%). The benefit of DA during hindcast/spinup extended to the free forecast period: a decrease of approximately 5% from 21 cm s-1 RMSD without DA. The average mean-vector-velocity-difference (MVVD) between surface currents from the NYHOPS hindcast with DA and currents derived along drifter trajectories was 3.6 cm s-1, a 1.5 cm s-1 decrease compared with that of NYHOPS without DA. Again, the benefit extended to the free forecast period, with the MVVD error decreasing from 5 cm s-1 to 4 cm s-1. Finally, averaged over a set of 43 particle tracking runs, the separation distance between numerical particle trajectories based on the NYHOPS currents versus observed drifter trajectories also decreased after DA (by 7% per five hindcast days and 10% per one forecast day). These results indicate that DA of HF radar currents onto operational forecast models can improve the skill of such models and, in extension, their benefit to society through, for example, more accurate search and rescue path planning.
Olfactory Receptors in Semen and in the Male Tract: From Proteome to Proteins

The estimated number of testicular olfactory receptors (ORs) in mammals range between 20 and 66. Previous data reported the role of hOR17-4 and mOR23 in sperm–oocyte chemiotaxis. Proteomic analysis was performed to understand which are the ORs expressed in seminal plasma. Seminal samples by four fertile men were analyzed by an Ultimate 3000Nano/Micro-HPLC apparatus coupled with an LTQ-Orbitrap XL hybrid mass spectrometer. Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of three identified ORs. The expression of ORs in sperm cells, testis, and epididymis was evaluated by confocal microscopy analysis. In seminal plasma eight different ORs were identified by proteomics and three ORs have been confirmed by western blot. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that OR4S1, OR4C13, and OR1I1 are expressed on the surface of sperm cells. In testicular tissue, OR4S1 and OR1I1 are expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids and OR4C13 is expressed throughout all the tubules. In patients with spermatocyte maturation arrest OR4S1 and OR1I1 expression was reduced and a weak positivity for OR4C13 was detected in the spermatogonia. OR4S1, OR4C13, and OR1I1 had intense and diffuse staining in the epididymis. This study initiated a new methodology for screening OR repertoire in sperms, testis and epididymis. Our results open new insights into OR involvement in sperm maturation and migration.
Restauration d'images dégradées par un bruit Poisson-Gauss. (Image restoration in the presence of Poisson-Gaussian noise)

Cette these porte sur la restauration d'images degradees a la fois par un flou et par un bruit. Une attention particuliere est portee aux images issues de la microscopie confocale et notamment celles de macroscopie. Dans ce contexte, un modele de bruit Poisson-Gauss apparait bien adapte car il permet de prendre en compte le faible nombre de photons et le fort bruit enregistres simultanement par les detecteurs. Cependant, ce type de modele de bruit a ete peu exploite car il pose de nombreuses difficultes tant theoriques que pratiques. Dans ce travail, une approche variationnelle est adoptee pour resoudre le probleme de restauration dans le cas ou le terme de fidelite exact est considere. La solution du probleme peut aussi etre interpretee au sens du Maximum A Posteriori (MAP). L'utilisation d'algorithmes primaux-duaux recemment proposes en optimisation convexe permet d'obtenir de bons resultats comparativement a plusieurs approches existantes qui considerent des approximations variees du terme de fidelite. En ce qui concerne le terme de regularisation de l'approche MAP, des approximations discrete et continue de la pseudo-norme $ell_0$ sont considerees. Cette mesure, celebre pour favoriser la parcimonie, est difficile a optimiser car elle est, a la fois, non convexe et non lisse. Dans un premier temps, une methode basee sur les coupures de graphes est proposee afin de prendre en compte des a priori de type quadratique tronque. Dans un second temps, un algorithme a memoire de gradient de type Majoration-Minimisation, dont la convergence est garantie, est considere afin de prendre en compte des a priori de type norme $ell_2-ell_0$. Cet algorithme permet notamment d'obtenir de bons resultats dans des problemes de deconvolution. Neanmoins, un inconvenient des approches variationnelles est qu'elles necessitent la determination d'hyperparametres. C'est pourquoi, deux methodes, reposant sur une approche Esperance-Maximisation (EM) sont proposees, dans ce travail, afin d'estimer les parametres d'un bruit Poisson-Gauss: (1) a partir d'une serie temporelle d'images (dans ce cas, des parametres de « bleaching » peuvent aussi etre estimes) et (2) a partir d'une seule image. De maniere generale, cette these propose et teste de nombreuses methodologies adaptees a la prise en compte de bruits et de flous difficiles, ce qui devrait se reveler utile pour des applications variees, au-dela meme de la microscopie
Hybrid external control for two robot coordinated motion

SUMMARY In the field of robotic applications based on the coordinated motion of two manipulators, it seems that very few control schemes work efficiently. The best way to achieve the simultaneous control of object trajectory and forces applied to it, is to implement control schemes that are extended versions of one arm hybrid force'position control. The aim of this paper is not to review all existing solutions but rather to analyze and compare them from simulation results with a new solution presented here. The control scheme is an application of the one arm hybrid external control that we had previously developed. The main results of this theory are summarized in this paper. This radically new approach for a cooperation task has some advantages compared to other methods mentioned in this paper.
The Concepts and Methods of Phenomenographic Research

This article reviews the nature of “phenomenographic” research and its alleged conceptual underpinnings in the phenomenological tradition. In common with other attempts to apply philosophical phenomenology to the social sciences, it relies on participants' discursive accounts of their experiences and cannot validly postulate causal mental entities such as conceptions of learning. The analytic procedures of phenomenography are very similar to those of grounded theory, and like the latter they fall foul of the “dilemma of qualitative method” in failing to reconcile the search for authentic understanding with the need for scientific rigor. It is argued that these conceptual and methodological difficulties could be resolved by a constructionist revision of phenomenographic research.
Towards Semantics-Aware Recommender System: A LOD-Based Approach

Recommender systems have contributed to the success of personalized websites as they can automatically and efficiently select items or services adapted to the user's interest from huge datasets. However, these systems suffer of issues related to small number of evaluations; cold start system and data sparsity. Several approaches have been explored to find solutions to related issues. The advent of the Linked Open Data (LOD) initiative has spawned a wide range of open knowledge bases freely accessible on the Web. They provide a valuable source of information that can improve conventional recommender systems, if properly exploited. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that adding semantic information from LOD enhance the effectiveness of traditional collaborative filtering. To evaluate the accuracy of the semantic approach, experiments on standard benchmark dataset was conducted. The obtained results indicate that the accuracy and quality of the recommendation are improved compared with existing approaches.