Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF INDIRECT FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TEST AND ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATIC AMEBIASIS IN BANGLADESH

Serum samples of 31 amebic liver abscess (ALA) patients, 8 amebic hepatitis (AH) patients, and 60 controls were tested for anti-amebic IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent antibody tests (IFAT). Sera of 29 (93.6%) ALA and 6 (75%) AH patients and 2 (3.3%) control subjects were positive by IFAT. Anti-amebic antibody titer above the cutoff point (= 0.168; x̄ + 2 SD of control sera) was observed in sera of 27 (87%) ALA, 4 (50%) AH, and 1 (1.7%) control by ELISA. All the 8 pus samples were positive for anti-amebic antibodies by IFAT and ELISA. Sensitivity of ELISA was 87% for ALA, with a positive predictive value of 0.96, and 50% for AH cases, with a positive predictive value of 0.80. The sensitivity of IFAT was 93.6% for ALA, with a positive predictive value of 0.94, and 75% for AH, with a positive predictive value of 0.75. When pus samples were tested, the sensitivity was 100% for both tests. The specificity was 98.3% for ELISA and 96.7% for IFAT. Although not significant, IFAT was found more sensitive than ELISA (P > 0.05).
Hypolipidemic effects of silymarin are not mediated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha

Silymarin is widely used in supportive therapy of liver diseases. It has been shown lately that silymarin has beneficial effects on some risk factors of atherosclerosis owing to its hypolipidemic properties. PPARα plays a key role in lipid metabolism and homeostasis as its target genes are involved in catabolism of fatty acids by β-oxidation (e.g. acyl-CoA oxidase) and by ω-oxidation (e.g. cytochrome P4504A). Here we studied the possibility that hypolipidemic effects of silymarin may be mediated by PPARα. Rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet with either silymarin or fenofibrate (as a positive control both for PPARα expression as well as for lipid determination) were used. The effects of silymarin on expression of PPARα both at the mRNA (including selected target genes) as well as the protein level were determined. In parallel, the levels of cholesterol and triacylglycerols were determined. Our results confirmed the hypolipidemic effects of silymarin and demonstrated that these effects are probably not mediated by PPARα because of unchanged mRNA levels of PPARα target genes. Furthermore, this work shows for the first time that cholesterol itself inhibits expression of CYP4A mRNA.
From Ranger Talks to Radio Stations

Abstract Considerable scholarship has demonstrated that the tenure and quality of our experiences and the physical characteristics of the setting help to predict sense of place (SOP). Less research has examined how communication contributes to place meanings and attachment. Working from the general premise that communication produces meaning, this study examined how exposure to communication about a national park contributes to visitor meanings and attachment to these places. Using survey data from three national parks, this study demonstrated that visitors envisioned parks as blending “natural” and “human” elements. Results suggest that park-related communication contributes to SOP, independent of variables commonly used to predict this concept. Theoretical implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
CO-PLAN : Combining SAT-Based Planning with Forward-Search

This extended-abstract introduces CO-PLAN, a two-phase propositional planning system for the cost-optimal case. D uring the first phase, CO-PLAN constructs the n-step plangraph for increasing values of n, passing the corresponding decision problem at each stage to a modified Boolean satisfiability procedure. This procedure determines whether an nstep plan exists, and if so identifies a plan that has the minim al action cost given the plan length bound . The second phase proceeds as soon as the first phase yields a plan. This consist s of a forward-search in the problem state space, bounded by the action-cost of the best plan found during the first phase.
ENTREPRENEUR’S EXIT EXPERIENCE AND GROWTH ASPIRATIONS

This paper examines the moderating effect of social norms on the growth aspirations of entrepreneurs with exit experience in their subsequent entrepreneurial activities. Our analysis shows that previous entrepreneurial exit experience exercises a positive influence on individuals’ entrepreneurial growth aspirations. The findings also show that social group–level prevalence of fear of failure moderates positively this relationship and that the social context constitutes an important influence on individual’s entrepreneurial aspirations.
Acute Stress Disorder in Victims of Robbery and Victims of Assault

The purpose of this study was to examine acute distress in a group of 65 shop employees, of which 72% had been victims of armed robbery and the others had suffered life-threatening circumstances, physical or psychological assault or captivity, or they had seen people being injured or killed. In all, 25% suffered from acute stress disorder. A number of associations were found between background variables (gender, age, marital status, education, and life events) and traumatization, symptomatology, defense style, social support, and coping style. Previous workplace training in relation to robbery was not associated with symptoms. Gender, marriage, contact to other victims, optimism, and anxiety explained 60% of the acute stress disorder variance.
IgG Subclass Response to Immunization with Haemophilus influenzas Type b Polysaccharide-Outer Membrane Protein Conjugate Vaccine1

ABSTRACT: We immunized 117 children with either Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine or type b polysaccharide coupled to an outer membrane protein of group B Neisseria meningitidis (conjugate vaccine), and measured the IgG, IgGl, and IgG2 subclass composition of antibody to type b polysaccharide in postimmunization sera by ELISA. The IgG responses of 51 children, 24–83 months of age, immunized for the first time with the conventional type b vaccine consisted of both IgGl and IgG2 antibody (respective geometric means of 2.24 and 0.77 μg/ml). In contrast, the IgG responses of 28 infants, 2–17 months of age, immunized with conjugate vaccine were predominantly or exclusively IgGl (geometric mean IgGl and IgG2 antibody concentrations of 1.92 and 0.19 μg/ml). A total of 38 children was primed with conjugate vaccine between 2 and 17 months of age and boosted approximately 1 yr later. The 28 children boosted with type b polysaccharide vaccine showed memory antibody responses consisting of both IgGl and IgG2 (respective geometric means of 12.7 and 4.8 μg/ml); the 10 children boosted with conjugate vaccine showed a similar pattern of IgG subclass responses (respective geometric means of 20.8 and 5.1 μg/ml, p > 0.4 compared to the respective geometric mean IgGl and IgG2 values of the group boosted with polysaccharide). Thus, in children 24–83 months of age, immunization with conventional type b polysaccharide vaccine generally elicits both IgGl and IgG2 responses, with a slight predominance of IgGl. In contrast, in infants 2–17 months of age, immunization with conjugate vaccine evokes a restricted IgGl antibody response to the polysaccharide but primes for both IgGl and IgG2 responses to a booster immunization with conventional polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine.
Studying the emotion-antecedent appraisal process: An expert system approach

Abstract The surprising convergence between independently developed appraisal theories of emotion elicitation and differentiation is briefly reviewed. It is argued that three problems are responsible for the lack of more widespread acceptance of such theories: (1) the criticism of excessive cognitivism raised by psychologists working on affective phenomena; (2) the lack of process orientation in linking appraisal to the complex unfolding of emotion episodes over time; and (3) the lack of consensus on the number and types of appraisal criteria between theorists in this domain. Although readers are referred to recent theoretical discussions and evidence from the neurosciences with respect to the first two issues, an empirical study using computerised experimentation is reported with respect to the third issue. Data obtained with an expert system based on Scherer's (1984a) “stimulus evaluation check” predictions show the feasibility of this approach in determining the number and types of appraisal criteria n.
Secure Personal Information Management for Mobile Devices

More than six decades after Vannevar Bush put forward Memex [3], his vision of a personal information management (PIM) framework, most computer users are still constrained by a rigid hierarchical file organization, where the semantic relationships among data are not emphasized. The semantic desktop leverages the potential of the semantic web to address the challenges of complex PI spaces, which are composed of syntactically and semantically heterogeneous data [11]. In the semantic desktop, ontologies assign meaning to data. In this position paper, we list security issues that arise when the semantic desktop is made available in mobile devices, which may communicate with one another using the peer-to-peer (P2P) paradigm [12, 19]. The need to consider PIM in mobile devices using a semantic web approach has also been recently recognized by others [16]. In addition, we consider collaborative environments, which enable users to share information and to execute common tasks in a variety of applications (e.g., healthcare, emergency response). The idea of context-aware computing, including location-aware computing, also assumes particular relevance, as access to data resources (e.g., web services) or to physical resources (e.g., hospitals) may depend on the geographical location of the users and availability of those resources. We group the security issues as follows:
POLISH ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF THE MOBILITY INVENTORY

Summary Aim: The present study aimed at the adaptation and validation of the Mobility Inventory (MI; suggested Polish name: Skala ZachowaUnikowych Towarzyszcych Agorafobii (SZUTA)) used to assess the frequency of agoraphobic avoidance behavior while being in company (subscale Avoidance When Accompanied) or alone (subscale Avoidance When Alone). Method: The study included a total of 80 patients diagnosed with agoraphobia or panic disorder with agoraphobia according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV as well as 100 control subjects who did not show the presence of mental disorders. Results: The present study showed that the Polish-language version of the MI meets basic psychometric criteria. Both of its subscales are characterized by a high content validity and reliability. Conclusions: The Polish-language version of the MI has been found to be a highly efficient and economic research and diagnostic instrument for the measurement of the agoraphobic avoidance behavior. Both of its subscales (i.e. Avoidance When Accompanied and Avoidance When Alone) might be very useful in research or in the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects.
How Technology Shapes the Crowd : VIP : Voice and Participation in the 2014 South African Election

Can technology help citizens overcome barriers to participation in emerging democracies? We argue that, by lowering costs, technology can bring new participants into the political process, but in so doing generates a ‘crowd’ of participants that is both more responsive to incentives (malleable) and more sensitive to costs (fragile). We illustrate these dynamics using VIP:Voice, a platform we engineered to encourage South African citizens to engage politically through an ICT/DM platform. VIP:Voice recruited South Africans through a variety of methods, including over 50 million ‘Please Call Me’ messages, and provided a multi-channel platform allowing citizens to engage via low-tech mobile phones and high-tech social media. VIP:Voice generated engagement of some form in over 250,000 South Africans, but we saw large attrition as we asked people to switch from low-cost digital forms of engagement to high-cost real-world engagement. The implementation of a standard platform across multiple technology channels, as well as a set of experiments in the role that incentives and framing play in driving participation, reveal how the technology shapes the very nature of the crowd that forms. Acknowledgements: We acknowledge generous funding from the US Agency for International Development, Development Innovation Ventures grant. We thank Mike Callen, Aaron Erlich, Michael Kremer, Maura O’Neill and seminar participants at the University of Washington, George Washington University, and US Agency for International Development for comments. Kate Blackwell, Grant Buckles, Aaron Erlich, and Alex Verink provided excellent research assistance. All mistakes remain with the authors and all any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID.
'n Historiese perspektief op die realisering van die 'CHO' van die PUK as 'n stem uit Potchefstroom tot 2003

From 1919 the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education (PU vir CHO) in South Africa was the first tertiary institution in the country to reflect a certain character and focus in its name. The transformation in the national education structure since 1998 had a detrimental effect on the change of the name PU vir CHO which was used for decades. By 2003 this university had to submit to educational pressures that made provision for a broader unified tertiary institutional structure of education in the North West Province. Eventually, the interminable and complicated debate on the meaning and value of the 'CHO' for the institution created an opportunity for negotiated questions about the 'CHO-past'. Some questions were (1) where did the principle of 'Christian Higher Education' originate and how did it become associated with the University (character and science); (2) did the concept of 'Christian Higher Education' as 'family name' develop progressively within all sciences? ; (3) to what extent may the 'Christian Higher Education' have been a powerful element of uncertainty, creating frustration and / or becoming a potential isolating factor? The matter of whether a change in the institutional name and visible character was really necessary after 2003 is also questioned in some circles. Although the way forward, with or without the 'CHO', is difficult to envisage, this debate and the questions as mentioned and as discussed in the article, mainly reflect a historical perspective and methodology. Whether the debate on the 'CHO' must be continued in an informal way and how this could be continued, are also discussed briefly.
Transcriptional up‐regulation of nitric oxide synthase II by nuclear factor‐κB at rostral ventrolateral medulla in a rat mevinphos intoxication model of brain stem death

As the origin of a ‘life‐and‐death’ signal that reflects central cardiovascular regulatory failure during brain stem death, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a suitable neural substrate for mechanistic delineation of this vital phenomenon. Using a clinically relevant animal model that employed the organophosphate pesticide mevinphos (Mev) as the experimental insult, we evaluated the hypothesis that transcriptional up‐regulation of nitric oxide synthase I or II (NOS I or II) gene expression by nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) on activation of muscarinic receptors in the RVLM underlies brain stem death. In Sprague‐Dawley rats maintained under propofol anaesthesia, co‐microinjection of muscarinic M2R (methoctramine) or M4R (tropicamide), but not M1R (pirenzepine) or M3R (4‐diphenylacetoxy‐N‐dimethylpiperidinium) antagonist significantly reduced the enhanced NOS I–protein kinase G signalling (‘pro‐life’ phase) or augmented NOS II–peroxynitrite cascade (‘pro‐death’ phase) in ventrolateral medulla, blunted the biphasic increase and decrease in baroreceptor reflex‐mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone that reflect the transition from life to death, and diminished the elevated DNA binding activity or nucleus‐bound translocation of NF‐κB in RVLM neurons induced by microinjection of Mev into the bilateral RVLM. However, NF‐κB inhibitors (diethyldithiocarbamate or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate) or double‐stranded κB decoy DNA preferentially antagonized the augmented NOS II–peroxynitrite cascade and the associated cardiovascular depression exhibited during the ‘pro‐death’ phase. We conclude that transcriptional up‐regulation of NOS II gene expression by activation of NF‐κB on selective stimulation of muscarinic M2 or M4 subtype receptors in the RVLM underlies the elicited cardiovascular depression during the ‘pro‐death’ phase in our Mev intoxication model of brain stem death.
Colonizing Knowledge: Commodification as a Dynamic of Jurisdictional Expansion in Professional Service Firms

This paper provides a field level analysis of the process by which management knowledge is produced. Two linked dynamics are identified as important components of this process. The first is the commodification of management knowledge, or the tendency to reduce knowledge to a routinized and codified product. We argue that the commodification of management knowledge is a cyclical process that has been institutionalized by the interests of distinct categories of social actors. The second dynamic, termed colonization, refers to the migration of Big Five professional service firms into adjacent professional jurisdictions. Colonization is the result of intensification of commodification and has produced intense conflict and change in the organizational field of management knowledge production.
Language Identification for Text Chats

This work aims to classify the language of typed messages in a text chat system used by language learners. A method for training a language classiﬁer from unlabeled data is presented. A dictionary-based method is used to produce initial classiﬁcation of the messages. Character based n-gram models of order 3 and 5 are built. A method for selectively choosing the n-grams to be modeled is used to train 15-gram models. This method produces the best-performing classiﬁer. It has models for 57 languages and obtains over 95% accuracy on the classiﬁcation of messages that are unambiguously in one language.
Improved immunoassay for the detection of severe combined immunodeficiency.

To the Editor: Testing for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has recently become of interest to the newborn-screening community, because the detection of this condition in early infancy is crucial for effective treatment. Several newborn-screening programs have implemented screening for this condition. The current screening method for SCID is by the T-cell receptor excision circles assay (1), which detects the presence or absence of an excised segment of DNA; however, molecular techniques are not routinely adopted in many newborn-screening laboratories, where an immunoassay would be preferred. As recently reported (2), we developed an immunoassay that quantifies CD3, a component of the T-cell receptor complex (3), to provide an alternative or complementary method to T-cell receptor excision circles testing. Low or absent T cells in the peripheral blood is a common characteristic of T-cell immunodeficiencies and of all but one form of SCID. We have previously described an immunoassay using the Luminex microsphere technology that displays excellent potential for the detection of CD3 from dry blood spot samples (2). We report the validation of an improved …
Wrongful Conviction

Drawing on a sample of 798 Ohio criminal justice professionals (police, prosecutors, defense attorneys, judges), the authors examine respondents' perceptions regarding the frequency of system errors (i.e., professional error and misconduct suggested by previous research to be associated with wrongful conviction), and wrongful felony conviction. Results indicate that respondents perceive system errors to occur more than infrequently but less than moderately frequent. Respondents also perceive that wrongful felony conviction occurs in their own jurisdictions in . 5% to 1% of all felony cases, and in the United States in 1% to 3% of all felony cases. Respondents, however, specify an acceptable rate of wrongful conviction to be less than . 5%. Findings thus indicate that criminal justice professionals perceive an unacceptable frequency of wrongful conviction and associated system errors and suggest that programs aimed at reducing system errors and improving professional conduct would be broadly accepted among criminal justice professionals.
Discussion Paper No . 2001 / 47 Angola ’ s Incomplete Transition

Angola’s difficulties in achieving macro-economic stability and economic liberalization have serious implications for private-sector development. Hyperinflation, and frequent policy reversal, constrain and distort investment in both the informal and formal parts of the private sector. But macro-economic instability arises in part out of mechanisms that subsidize powerful oligopolies, enabling them to capture a portion of the large oil rents. These subsidies, together with market controls, enable the oligopolies to profit at the expense of smalland micro-enterprises, thereby hindering the creation of more employment for Angola’s poor. Therefore the new private sector that is evolving in Angola owes its character to three factors: the course of the war; the country’s natural resource windfall; and the way in which liberalization and privatization have been pursued.
Joint Distributed Compression and Encryption of Correlated Data in Sensor Networks

In this paper, we propose, formulate, and study a joint distributed data compression and encryption scheme suitable for wireless sensor networks where we adopt the structured encryption system of advanced encryption standard (AES). The distributed compression is achieved as per the Slepian-Wolf coding theorem, using channel codes. Core to achieving optimal compression in the joint compression and encryption is the preservation of correlation among different blocks of data despite applying cryptographic primitives. We establish that the correlation between sources remains unchanged when cryptographic primitives, namely key addition and substitution are applied. However, as a requirement of security in the encryption, any correlation between two inputs to a encryption system is removed with diffusion techniques. Compliance to the requirements of diffusion layer of AES cipher is achieved by designing the compression function so as to maintain branch number property. We establish the necessary and sufficient condition for achieving a compression function with branch number property and show that distributed compression using non-systematic Reed Solomon (RS) code can satisfy this condition
LRPPRC/SLIRP suppresses PNPase-mediated mRNA decay and promotes polyadenylation in human mitochondria

In human mitochondria, 10 mRNAs species are generated from a long polycistronic precursor that is transcribed from the heavy chain of mitochondrial DNA, in theory yielding equal copy numbers of mRNA molecules. However, the steady-state levels of these mRNAs differ substantially. Through absolute quantification of mRNAs in HeLa cells, we show that the copy numbers of all mitochondrial mRNA species range from 6000 to 51 000 molecules per cell, indicating that mitochondria actively regulate mRNA metabolism. In addition, the copy numbers of mitochondrial mRNAs correlated with their cellular half-life. Previously, mRNAs with longer half-lives were shown to be stabilized by the LRPPRC/SLIRP complex, which we find that cotranscriptionally binds to coding sequences of mRNAs. We observed that the LRPPRC/SLIRP complex suppressed 3′ exonucleolytic mRNA degradation mediated by PNPase and SUV3. Moreover, LRPPRC promoted the polyadenylation of mRNAs mediated by mitochondrial poly(A) polymerase (MTPAP) in vitro. These findings provide a framework for understanding the molecular mechanism of mRNA metabolism in human mitochondria.