Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Cross-Entropy Method for OFDMA Systems

The cross-entropy (CE) method was proposed to estimate the probability of rare events. Afterwards, it was applied to solve combinatorial optimization problems. This paper presents a CE-based method that adaptively allocates sub-carrier, bit, and power in orthogonal frequency division multiple access systems to obtain minimum total transmit power under given quality of service requirements, that is, the minimum data rate and the bit error rate. The proposed scheme first converts the sub-carrier and bit allocations of various users into a binary sequence. Then, a CE-based method is proposed to minimize the total transmission power. Compared with the well-known genetic algorithm and the traditional heuristic algorithm, the proposed scheme has achieved the lowest total transmission power with a few iterations.
Evaluation of Learning-Based Approaches for Matching Web Data Entities

Entity matching is a key task for data integration and especially challenging for web data. Effective entity matching typically requires the combination of several match techniques and finding suitable configuration parameters such as similarity thresholds. We investigate to which degree the use of machine learning helps to semi-automatically determine suitable match strategies with a limited amount of manual effort for training. We use a new framework, FEVER, to evaluate several learning-based approaches for matching different sets of web data entities. In particular, we study different approaches to select training data and study how much training is needed to find effective combined match strategies and their configuration.
Maximum Entropy Semi-Supervised Inverse Reinforcement Learning

A popular approach to apprenticeship learning (AL) is to formulate it as an inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem. The MaxEnt-IRL algorithm successfully integrates the maximum entropy principle into IRL and unlike its predecessors, it resolves the ambiguity arising from the fact that a possibly large number of policies could match the expert's behavior. In this paper, we study an AL setting in which in addition to the expert's trajectories, a number of unsupervised trajectories is available. We introduce MESSI, a novel algorithm that combines MaxEnt-IRL with principles coming from semi-supervised learning. In particular, MESSI integrates the unsupervised data into the MaxEnt-IRL framework using a pairwise penalty on trajectories. Empirical results in a highway driving and grid-world problems indicate that MESSI is able to take advantage of the unsupervised trajectories and improve the performance of MaxEnt-IRL.
Allocating visual attention to grouped objects

The purpose of the present study is to examine the allocation of visual attention to independent stimuli that are grouped together through a set of Gestalt principles. The basic display used in the experiments consisted of a 4 × 4 matrix of placeholders, made up of 12 circles and 4 squares. In Experiment 1, the squares were located adjacent to each other (i.e., perceptually grouped together), whereas in Experiment 2 the squares were located in nonadjacent locations (i.e., not perceptually grouped). Following a peripheral cue at a square placeholder, faster detection responses were found for targets appearing in the noncued square placeholders than in corresponding circle placeholders for Experiment 1. This pattern of results was not found in Experiment 2. Experiment 3 used an alternate display to rule out the possibility that the results of Experiment 1 were due to shape-based object priming. Experiment 4 extended the cue–target SOA to examine whether inhibition of return would spread through grouped objects—it did not. These findings provide new insights into the boundary conditions for what, exactly, constitutes an object.
The International Monetary Fund in a Time of Crisis: A Review of Stanley Fischer's IMF Essays from a Time of Crisis: The International Financial System, Stabilization, and Development

Stanley Fischer was deputy managing director of the IMF from 1994 to 2001 and, perhaps more than any other individual, he personifies the international "rapid response" to financial crises in the 1990s. This book is a collection of essays written during his tenure at the IMF; taken together, the essays represent the strongest and most logical defense of IMF initiatives in the 1990s in print. My review essay comprises six parts. In parts 2 through 4, I provide an overview of Fischer's arguments in three central areas of contention: stabilization policy, the impact of IMF programs on poverty, and the IMF's anticipation of and response to international financial crisis. I then compare Fischer's arguments to those raised by the IMF's critics during that period. The controversial issues of these parts can be resolved only through empirical investigation but, on the issues of greatest importance from the financial crises of the 1990s, both Fischer and the IMF's critics make logically consistent arguments with little empirical support. In part 5, I review the recent empirical literature to illuminate what evidence has been found in support of—or counter to—the assertions of Fischer and the IMF's critics. Part 6 provides conclusions and suggestions for follow-on empirical research.
RepCom: Towards Reputation Composition over Peer-to-Peer Communities

Peer-To-Peer (P2P) Communities over the Internet contain a large amount of trust evidences that can be used to compute the reputation of peers, but existing reputation systems merely uses the evidences within the scope of one community, neglecting the social charac-teristics of peers’ reputation that can only be actually derived from information based on all communities they participate in. We believe that Internet requires a reputation facility that derives the reputation of peers from evidences over the Internet. In this paper, we propose RepCom, a novel reputation composition ar-chitecture to collect, transform and combine trust evi-dences among P2P communities. RepCom introduces the reputation authority network (RAN) to publish, search and retrieve evidences of peers, and uses a logic-based engine to transform ad hoc evidence data into computable local evidence rules. Finally, RepCom combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted score method (WSM) to compute the final composite reputation of peers that comprehensively reflects their global behavior and certified attributes.
The role of resolved and unresolved harmonics in pitch perception and frequency modulation discrimination.

A series of experiments investigated the influence of harmonic resolvability on the pitch of, and the discriminability of differences in fundamental frequency (F0) between, frequency-modulated (FM) harmonic complexes. Both F0 (62.5 to 250 Hz) and spectral region (LOW: 125-625 Hz, MID: 1375-1875 Hz, and HIGH: 3900-5400 Hz) were varied orthogonally. The harmonics that comprised each complex could be summed in either sine (0 degree) phase (SINE) or alternating sine-cosine (0 degree-90 degrees) phase (ALT). Stimuli were presented in a continuous pink-noise background. Pitch-matching experiments revealed that the pitch of ALT-phase stimuli, relative to SINE-phase stimuli, was increased by an octave in the HIGH region, for all F0's, but was the same as that of SINE-phase stimuli when presented in the LOW region. In the MID region, the pitch of ALT-phase relative to SINE-phase stimuli depended on F0, being an octave higher at low F0's, equal at high F0's, and unclear at intermediate F0's. The same stimuli were then used in three measures of discriminability: FM detection thresholds (FMTs), frequency difference limens (FDLs), and FM direction discrimination thresholds (FMDDTs, defined as the minimum FM depth necessary for listeners to discriminate between two complexes modulated 180 degrees out of phase with each other). For all three measures, at all F0's, thresholds were low (< 4% for FMTs, < 5% for FMDDTs, and < 1.5% for FDLs) when stimuli were presented in the LOW region, and high (> 10% for FMTs, > 7% for FMDDTs, and > 2.5% for FDLs) when presented in the HIGH region. When stimuli were presented in the MID region, thresholds were low for low F0's, and high for high F0's. Performance was not markedly affected by the phase relationship between the components of a complex, except for stimuli with intermediate F0's in the MID spectral region, where FDLs and FMDDTs were much higher for ALT-phase stimuli than for SINE-phase stimuli, consistent with their unclear pitch. This difference was much smaller when FMTs were measured. The interaction between F0 and spectral region for both sets of experiments can be accounted for by a single definition of resolvability.
Self-Rated Health among Foreign- and U.S.-Born Asian Americans: A Test of Comparability

Objectives:We investigated differences between foreign- and U.S.-born Asian Americans in self-rating their physical and mental health. In particular, we tested whether the foreign-born respondents underreport the extreme categories of the scale as compared with U.S.-born respondents. Methods:We analyzed data from the National Latino and Asian American Study to examine whether immigrants are less likely to use the extreme ends of the 5-category self-rated health scales than their U.S.-born counterparts. We used propensity score matching to derive groups of U.S.- and foreign-born Asian Americans who share similar demographic and health characteristics. We defined propensity scores as predicted probabilities of being U.S. born, given individual background characteristics. The propensity score framework allowed us to make descriptive comparisons of self-rated health responses controlling for background characteristics. We used log-linear symmetry models to examine cross-tabulations of self-rated physical and mental health reports in matched pairs by the 2 (extreme and nonextreme) and 5 (“excellent,” “very good,” “good,” “fair,” and “poor”) categories. Results:Controlling for background characteristics, we found no evidence that foreign-born Asian Americans are less likely to endorse extreme categories in self-rated physical or mental health than U.S.-born Asian Americans, as well as no evidence of imbalances in endorsement of any particular self-rated health category between the 2 groups. Conclusions:Controlling for demographic and health characteristics, we find no systematic differences between foreign- and U.S.-born Asian Americans in reporting self-rated physical and mental health on the 5-category scales from “excellent” to “poor. ”
Impact of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay on the Global Expression Profile of Budding Yeast

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic mechanism of RNA surveillance that selectively eliminates aberrant transcripts coding for potentially deleterious proteins. NMD also functions in the normal repertoire of gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hundreds of endogenous RNA Polymerase II transcripts achieve steady-state levels that depend on NMD. For some, the decay rate is directly influenced by NMD (direct targets). For others, abundance is NMD-sensitive but without any effect on the decay rate (indirect targets). To distinguish between direct and indirect targets, total RNA from wild-type (Nmd+) and mutant (Nmd−) strains was probed with high-density arrays across a 1-h time window following transcription inhibition. Statistical models were developed to describe the kinetics of RNA decay. 45% ± 5% of RNAs targeted by NMD were predicted to be direct targets with altered decay rates in Nmd− strains. Parallel experiments using conventional methods were conducted to empirically test predictions from the global experiment. The results show that the global assay reliably distinguished direct versus indirect targets. Different types of targets were investigated, including transcripts containing adjacent, disabled open reading frames, upstream open reading frames, and those prone to out-of-frame initiation of translation. Known targeting mechanisms fail to account for all of the direct targets of NMD, suggesting that additional targeting mechanisms remain to be elucidated. 30% of the protein-coding targets of NMD fell into two broadly defined functional themes: those affecting chromosome structure and behavior and those affecting cell surface dynamics. Overall, the results provide a preview for how expression profiles in multi-cellular eukaryotes might be impacted by NMD. Furthermore, the methods for analyzing decay rates on a global scale offer a blueprint for new ways to study mRNA decay pathways in any organism where cultured cell lines are available.
L1 adaptive output feedback controller with operating constraints for solid oxide fuel cells

Control on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is challenging due to its nonlinearity, time-varying uncertainties, tight operating constraints and modeling difficulties. The L1 adaptive output feedback controller for systems of unknown relative degree is introduced for the SOFC output voltage control in this paper. It allows for fast and robust adaptation, and provides improved transient performance. Its advantages of not enforcing a strictly positive real condition along with the low-pass filtered control signal bring it the potential to be applied in wide industrial processes. In the study of the SOFC control, a dynamic SOFC model is first built; then a L1 adaptive output feedback controller is designed only using the nominal working conditions of the SOFC model. Through setting the operating constraints at proper locations, the closed-loop stability is maintained in the presence of hard constraints by the symmetric structure of the L1 adaptive control loop. A simulation comparison is made in the SOFC constant voltage control process between the L1 adaptive controller and a linear disturbance model predictive controller (DMPC) for their almost equal complexity in designs. The result shows the advantage of the L1 adaptive controller in disturbance rejections for its faster transient response.
THE TEMPERATURES IN THE THERMOSPHERE AS GIVEN BY THE LMD-MGCM: VARIATIONS AND COMPARISONS WITH DATAFrancisco

During the last decade, much valuable information has been gathered about the previously almost unexplored Martian upper atmosphere. During its aerobraking phase, Mars Global Surveyor retrieved the density in the lower thermosphere. A longitudinal variation of the density, mainly composed of waves 2 and 3 was observed [1], and later attributed to the interaction of solar illumination with the topography and to non-linear wave interactions [2,3]. An increase of the thermospheric density coincident with a dust storm was another interesting finding [1]. Mars Odyssey detected, also during its aerobraking phase, an increase of temperature in the lower thermosphere when moving towards the polar night at perihelion [4]. This increase of temperature is originated by an adiabiatic warming in the polar winter. The convergence and downwelling of air from the upper thermosphere due to an enhanced interhemispheric transport produces ultimately the adiabatic warming [5]. SPICAM on board Mars Express has used the stellar occultation technique to retrieve density and temperature profiles between 60 and 130 km [6]. This instrument has also detected NO nightglow emissions for the first time on Mars [7].
Altered structure and functional connection in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia

Classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a specific type of neuropathic orofacial pain of which the plasticity of brain structure and connectivity have remained largely unknown. A total of 62 TN patients were included and referred to MRI scans. Voxel‐based morphometry was used to analyze the change of gray matter volume. Resting‐state functional imaging was used to analyze the connectivity between brain regions. The results showed gray matter volume reduction in components of the prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, cerebellar tonsil, thalamus, hypothalamus, and nucleus accumbens among right TN patient and in the inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, cerebellum, thalamus, ventral striatum, and putamen among left TN patients. The connections between the right superior frontal gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus were lower in right TN patients. The connection between the left precentral gyrus and the left superior frontal gyrus was lower while the connection between bilateral thalamus was higher in left TN patients. The changes of volume in bilateral thalamus of right TN patients and left ventral striatum of left TN patients, and the connectivity between bilateral thalamus of left TN patients were moderately correlated with pain duration. These findings suggest that brain regions such as the thalamus may not only be involved in processing of pain stimuli but also be important for the development of TN. The left hemisphere may be dominant in processing and modulation of TN pain signal. Chronification of TN induces volume changes in brain regions which are associated with emotional or cognitive modulation of pain. Hum Brain Mapp 39:609–621, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization of incremental optical encoder pulse processing

Incremental optical encoder is one of the commonly used transducer, used for angular velocity and position estimation. Unfortunately both period and frequency counting methods that are frequently employed for angular velocity estimation, using incremental optical encoder signals are affected by the quantization errors. This paper proposes a Simulink based method, to estimate the angular velocity of a moving system with minimized quantization error inherent in the conventional period counting technique. This is done through frequency division of encoder pulses. The algorithm model is integrated with the Simulink model of incremental encoder for performance evaluation. Accuracy and Percentage error for different ranges of angular velocity is studied, for both conventional period counting and proposed method.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Rating Scales for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-analysis

CONTEXT: The Child Behavior Checklist–Attention Problem (CBCL-AP) scale and Conners Rating Scale–Revised (CRS-R) are commonly used behavioral rating scales for diagnosing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic performance of CBCL-AP and CRS-R in diagnosing ADHD in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Ovid Medline, and other relevant electronic databases were searched for articles published up to May 2015. STUDY SELECTION: We included studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of either CBCL-AP scale or CRS-R for diagnosing ADHD in pediatric populations in comparison with a defined reference standard. DATA EXTRACTION: Bivariate random effects models were used for pooling and comparing diagnostic performance. RESULTS: We identified and evaluated 14 and 11 articles on CBCL-AP and CRS-R, respectively. The results revealed pooled sensitivities of 0.77, 0.75, 0.72, and 0.83 and pooled specificities of 0.73, 0.75, 0.84, and 0.84 for CBCL-AP, Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised, Conners Teacher Rating Scale–Revised, and Conners Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire (ASQ), respectively. No difference was observed in the diagnostic performance of the various scales. Study location, age of participants, and percentage of female participants explained the heterogeneity in the specificity of the CBCL-AP. CONCLUSIONS: CBCL-AP and CRS-R both yielded moderate sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ADHD. According to the comparable diagnostic performance of all examined scales, ASQ may be the most effective diagnostic tool in assessing ADHD because of its brevity and high diagnostic accuracy. CBCL is recommended for more comprehensive assessments.
Centroidal power diagrams with capacity constraints

This article presents a new method to optimally partition a geometric domain with capacity constraints on the partitioned regions. It is an important problem in many fields, ranging from engineering to economics. It is known that a capacity-constrained partition can be obtained as a power diagram with the squared L2 metric. We present a method with super-linear convergence for computing optimal partition with capacity constraints that outperforms the state-of-the-art in an order of magnitude. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method in the context of three different applications in computer graphics and geometric processing: displacement interpolation of function distribution, blue-noise point sampling, and optimal convex decomposition of 2D domains. Furthermore, the proposed method is extended to capacity-constrained optimal partition with respect to general cost functions beyond the squared Euclidean distance.
Is FM a RF-Based Positioning Solution in a Metropolitan-Scale Environment? A Probabilistic Approach With Radio Measurements Analysis

Recent mobile devices have already contained a low-cost FM receiving function due to the continuing improvements in the device manufacturing. This paper shows that positioning based on FM signal is an alternative radio option while meeting the FCC requirement. We present a probabilistic location system using a wider-covered and longer-lived FM infrastructure. The performance is evaluated in two different metropolitan-scale environments including National Taiwan University (NTU) and Wen-Shan rural area. Both results show that the FM based location system not only satisfies the FCC requirement but also provides a comparable or even better performance to GSM based solution. Moreover, we completely analyze the realistic radio measurements of FM and GSM from four perspectives including temporal variation, spatial separation, measurement correlation and spectrum allocation. Most FM measurements are observed to provide a lower temporal variation but a weaker spatial separation than GSM. Fortunately, we discover that the lack of spatial separation can be compensated by adding additional sensed channels. This property is useful especially for a rural area where the available GSM base stations are limited and distant. Furthermore, we point out that the spatial separation of GSM signal decreases when the signal level is weaker than -90 dBm. At such a condition, FM reports a better accuracy than GSM even with the fewer channels.
Birth of ophthalmic trigeminal neurons initiates early in the placodal ectoderm

The largest of the cranial ganglia, the trigeminal ganglion, relays cutaneous sensations of the head to the central nervous system. Its sensory neurons have a dual origin from both ectodermal placodes and neural crest. Here, we show that the birth of neurons derived from the chick ophthalmic trigeminal placode begins prior to their ingression (HH11), as early as HH8, and considerably earlier than previously suspected (HH16). Furthermore, cells exiting the cell cycle shortly thereafter express the ophthalmic trigeminal placode marker Pax3 (HH9). At HH11, these postmitotic Pax3+ placode cells begin to express the pan‐neuronal marker neurofilament while still in the ectoderm. Analysis of the ectodermal origin and distribution of these early postmitotic neurons reveals that the ophthalmic placode extends further rostrally than anticipated, contributing to neurons that reside in and make a significant contribution to the ophthalmic trigeminal nerve. These data redefine the timing and extent of neuron formation from the ophthalmic trigeminal placode. J. Comp. Neurol. 514:161–173, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.