Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Superpeer-Based Two-Layer P2P Overlay Network with the CBF Strategy

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are now getting popular and are widely used in various types of applications. In this paper, we newly propose a superpeer-based two-layer P2P overlay network with the charge-based flooding (CBF) algorithm, a look-up protocol for distributed multimedia objects. The layers of normal peer and superpeer are composed of a set of normal peers and a set of superpeers, respectively. Multiple normal peers with some common properties, e.g. files, are interconnected with a superpeer. A collection of a superpeer and normal peers is referred to as a cluster. In a cluster, a normal peer tries to find a target peer without being helped by a superpeer. If the target file is not detected in the cluster, the normal peer asks the superpeer to find the target file on behalf of the normal peer. Then, the superpeer forwards the request to other superpeers by using the CBF algorithm at the superpeer layer
Group Sequential Analysis Incorporating Covariate Information

Abstract In this article we survey existing results concerning the joint distribution of the sequence of estimates of the parameter vector when a model is fitted to accumulating data and provide a unified theory that explains the “independent increments” structure commonly seen in group-sequential test statistics. Our theory covers normal linear models, including the case of correlated observations, and asymptotic results extend to generalized linear models and the proportional hazards regression model for survival data. The asymptotic results are derived using standard methods for the nonsequential case, and they hold as long as these nonsequential techniques are applicable at each individual analysis. In all cases, the joint distribution of the sequence of parameter estimates has the same form, exactly or asymptotically, as that of the sequence of means of an increasing number of independent, identically distributed normal variables. Thus our results provide the formal basis for extending the scope of s.
When off-line seeks information online: The effect of modality switching and time on attributional confidence and social attraction

This study’s goal was to learn how adding the extractive information-seeking behavior of Facebook profile viewing following face-to-face information-seeking behavior in initial interactions affected attributional confidence (AC) and social attraction (SA). Additionally, the present study was a quasi-replication of research exploring how changes in time spent on information seeking impacted AC and SA testing two uncertainty reduction theory axioms. Two modalities, face-to-face (FtF) only versus FtF and profile viewing, across three time conditions of 4, 6, and 8 minutes yielded six experimental conditions. AC for the two modalities were similar when time was held constant. Comparing the two modalities for 8 minutes resulted in higher social attraction for the FtF-only condition. Also, the data report a significant interaction with modality and time. Time impacts AC and SA even with relatively small changes.
Mechanical design and experimental research on locomotion characters of robot inspired by water strider

This paper presents the mechanical design and experimental research of a water strider inspired robot, which are six-legged creatures that move on water by propelling themselves using two stroke legs and supporting themselves with four other legs. As the surface tension of water is too less for the robot to carry heavy facilities, four hollow ellipsoids made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) were used for the supporting legs. Instead of screw propeller, the rowing legs, just like what water strider does, would have less infection in the water which is a great advantage for the robot to finish meticulous task. Because of the novel propeller, this robot can operate in various environments, such as windy lake, underground pipeline, and even in the sea. The total weight of the robot is 439g, with an additional load capacity of 400g. By optimizing the robot's structure and driving mode, this robot possesses good performance on water and can reach an average speed of 125.5mm/s in the water. The stability of the robot will be calculated in this paper. Experiments were conducted in the pool at the Zhoushan Campus of Zhejiang University.
Cardiac Electrical and Structural Changes During Bacterial Infection: An Instructive Model to Study Cardiac Dysfunction in Sepsis

Background Sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction have significantly higher mortality. Although several pathways are associated with myocardial damage in sepsis, the precise cause(s) remains unclear and treatment options are limited. This study was designed to develop a new model to investigate the early events of cardiac damage during sepsis progression. Methods and Results Francisella tularensis subspecies novicida (Ft.n) is a Gram‐negative intracellular pathogen causing severe sepsis syndrome in mice. BALB/c mice (N=12) were sham treated or infected with Ft.n through the intranasal route. Serial electrocardiograms were recorded at multiple time points until 96 hours. Hearts were then harvested for histology and gene expression studies. Similar to septic patients, we illustrate both cardiac electrical and structural phenotypes in our murine Ft.n infection model, including prominent R' wave formation, prolonged QRS intervals, and significant left ventricular dysfunction. Notably, in infected animals, we detected numerous microlesions in the myocardium, previously observed following nosocomial Streptococcus infection and in sepsis patients. We show that Ft.n‐mediated microlesions are attributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased immune cell infiltration, and expression of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]‐1β, IL‐8, and superoxide dismutase 2). Finally, we identify increased expression of microRNA‐155 and rapid degradation of heat shock factor 1 following cardiac Ft.n infection as a primary cause of myocardial inflammation and apoptosis. Conclusions We have developed and characterized an Ft.n infection model to understand the pathogenesis of cardiac dysregulation in sepsis. Our findings illustrate novel in vivo phenotypes underlying cardiac dysfunction during Ft.n infection with significant translational impact on our understanding of sepsis pathophysiology.
Contributions of Game Genre and Masculinity Ideologies to Associations Between Video Game Play and Men’s Risk-Taking Behavior

ABSTRACT Previous investigations of mainstream video games have documented a high prevalence of risk-promoting content, as well as a positive relation between video game play and participation in risk-taking behaviors such as reckless driving, substance use, and delinquency. In this study, we extend this work by investigating the role of video game genre and masculinity ideology within this relation. A sample of 273 undergraduate men from a large Midwestern university completed online surveys of their video game exposure, masculinity ideology, and participation in a range of high-risk behaviors. Results indicate that playing sports video games is associated with greater alcohol use, drug use, and delinquent behaviors, but action games are only associated with greater delinquency. In contrast, playing online video games was negatively associated with alcohol and drug use. Furthermore, the relation between sports video games and participation in risky behaviors was fully mediated by participants’ adherence to masculinity ideology. These results reveal that the relations between video game play and risk outcomes were strongest for sports video games, and in some cases, were mediated by masculinity ideology.
Block-based adaptive compressed sensing for video

Compressed sensing is a novel technology to acquire and reconstruct signals below the Nyquist rate, and has great potential in image and video acquisition to explore the data redundancy and to significantly reduce the number of sampled data. In this paper, we explore the temporal redundancy in videos, and propose a block-based adaptive framework for compressed video sampling. It addresses the independent movement of different regions in a video, classifies blocks into different types depending on their inter-frame correlation, and adjusts the sampling and reconstruction strategies accordingly. Our framework also considers the diverse texture complexity of different regions, and adaptively adjusts the number of measurements collected for each region based on their sparsity. Our simulation results show that the proposed framework reduces the number of sampled measurements by 52% to 80% while still satisfying the quality constraint on the reconstructed frames. Compared to prior works, our proposed scheme improves the quality of the reconstructed frames and achieves a 0.8dB to 5.4dB gain in the average PSNR.
What Makes Good Design? Revealing the Predictive Power of Emotions and Design Dimensions in Non-Expert Design Vocabulary

Abstract This paper investigates how non-experts perceive digital design, and which psychological dimensions are underlying this perception of design. It thus constructs a measurement instrument to analyse user response to online displayed design and to predict design preference. Study 1 let non-experts rank the usefulness of 115 adjectives for describing good design in an online survey (n = 305). This item pool was condensed to 12 design descriptive and five emotion items. Exploratory factor analysis revealed the four underlying psychological dimensions Novelty, Energy, Simplicity and Tool. Study 2 (n = 1955) tested Study 2’s model in three real-world design projects. Emotions clearly outperformed the best design descriptive dimensions (Novelty and Tool) in predicting users’ design preference (Net Promoter Score) with β = . 82. Study 3 (n = 1955) confirmed Study 2's results by several machine learning algorithms (neural networks, gradient boosting machines, random forests) with cross-validation. This measurement instrument benefits designers to implement a participatory design thinking process with users.
[Indirect self-destructiveness and psychological gender].

AIM Behaviours causing harm to a subject are generally called self-destructive behaviours. For some time now direct/acute self-destructiveness and indirect/chronic self-destructiveness have been distinguished. Human activity is determined to a large degree by not only biological (somatic) sex but also psychological gender. The aim of the study was to examine relationships between indirect self-destructiveness and types of psychological gender. MATERIAL AND METHOD 558 individuals (399 females and 159 males) aged 19-25 were studied (mean age: 22.6). The age of the females ranged from 19 to 24 (mean age: 22.4) and of the males - from 19 to 25 (mean age: 22.8). In order to examine the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness, the Polish version of the Chronic Self-Destructiveness Scale by Kelley (CS-DS), as adapted by Suchańska, was applied. The psychological gender was examined by means of the Polish version of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) by Bem, as adapted by Kuczyńska. RESULTS The highest scores on indirect self-destructiveness were achieved by non-sex-typed individuals, lower- by sex-typed and cross-sex-typed individuals (very similar scores). In females, indirect self-destructiveness positively correlates with the masculinity scale, whereas in males, it negatively correlates with the femininity scale. CONCLUSIONS Biological sex and psychological gender are qualitative variables that differentiate the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. Psychological gender opposite to biological sex is of significance to the intensity of indirect self-destructiveness. The psychological dimension of femininity protects against indirect self-destructiveness, while the psychological dimension of masculinity predisposes to it.
Modeling Choice of Residential Location and Home Type:Recent Movers in Austin, Texas

This paper uses a series of nested logit models to investigate recent mover preferences for location choice and home type. A comparison of alternative model specifications illuminate the nature of purchase, recognizing location attributes as well as home size and cost. Sample data come from a survey of home buyers in Austin, Texas and parameter estimates support the notion that home type is an upper-nest decision, relative to location, with homes of similar type exhibiting more correlation in unobserved components than those within a single location. With a particular home type in mind, location choice may become constrained by home availability across locations of the urban area. Thus, a focus simply on residential location choice can lead to a misunderstanding of the home search and residential development process.
A speaker rediarization scheme for improving diarization in large two-speaker telephone datasets

In this paper we propose a novel scheme for carrying out speaker diarization in an iterative manner. We aim to show that the information obtained through the first pass of speaker diarization can be reused to refine and improve the original diarization results. We call this technique speaker rediarization and demonstrate the practical application of our rediarization algorithm using a large archive of two-speaker telephone conversation recordings. We use the NIST 2008 SRE summed telephone corpora for evaluating our speaker rediarization system. This corpus contains recurring speaker identities across independent recording sessions that need to be linked across the entire corpus. We show that our speaker rediarization scheme can take advantage of inter-session speaker information, linked in the initial diarization pass, to achieve a 30% relative improvement over the original diarization error rate (DER) after only two iterations of rediarization.
Characteristics of Dry Chin-Tuck Swallowing Vibrations and Sounds

Objective: The effects of the chin-tuck maneuver, a technique commonly employed to compensate for dysphagia, on cervical auscultation are not fully understood. Characterizing a technique that is known to affect swallowing function is an important step on the way to developing a new instrumentation-based swallowing screening tool. Methods: In this study, we recorded data from 55 adult participants who each completed five saliva swallows in a chin-tuck position. The resulting data were processed using previously designed filtering and segmentation algorithms. We then calculated nine time-, frequency-, and time-frequency-domain features for each independent signal. Results: We found that multiple frequency- and time-domain features varied significantly between male and female subjects as well as between swallowing sounds and vibrations. However, our analysis showed that participant age did not play a significant role on the values of the extracted features. Finally, we found that various frequency features corresponding to swallowing vibrations did demonstrate statistically significant variation between the neutral and chin-tuck positions but sounds showed no changes between these two positions. Conclusion: The chin-tuck maneuver affects many facets of swallowing vibrations and sounds and its effects can be monitored via cervical auscultation. Significance: These results suggest that a subject's swallowing technique does need to be accounted for when monitoring their performance with cervical auscultation-based instrumentation.
Employing Virtual Power Analytics and Linked Data for Enterprise IT Energy Informatics

The paper provides a solution to an organization's challenge for reducing its ecological footprint. We develop a framework for visualizing information concerning power consumption of IT devices in real-time using power metering approaches and leverage semantic web technologies to weave information that is dispersed across different data sources, ranging from an organization's asset databases to excel spreadsheets to the data available on manufacturer's websites. Visualizing the aforementioned information and bringing it together in one application can help organizations in understanding and adapting their energy consumption behavior in order to better support environmentally sustainable practices. The purpose of this project, from a power analytics standpoint, is twofold: (1) it aims to provide users with insight into their device's current power consumption without leaving a footprint on their machine, and (2) to analyze if one method gives more accurate results than others. We performed analysis using Microsoft Joulemeter and power estimation using software design methodologies (with numbers from smart meters as our benchmark).
Contextual Support for Collaborative Information Retrieval

Recent research shows that Collaborative Information Retrieval (CIR), in which two or more users collaborate on the same search task, has become increasingly popular. The presence of both search and collaboration behaviors makes CIR a complex search format, which further drives a critical need to understand CIR's search context. The contextual support for CIR should consider search contexts derived from both team members' search histories (including users' own search histories and partners' search histories) and their explicit collaboration (e.g., chatting). As it stands, existing studies on contextual search support only focus on Individual Information Retrieval (IIR) and only utilize individuals' own search histories. In this paper, we examine the unique search contexts (e.g., partners' search histories and team collaboration histories) in CIR. Based on a user study data collection with 54 participants, we find that compared to the use of individuals' own search histories, CIR contextual support is more effective when utilizing partners' search histories and teams' collaboration behaviors. More interestingly, though the explicit communication information (i.e., chat content) often involves massive noisy information, involving such noise does not affect the ranking of relevant documents since it also does not appear in relevant documents.
The Complexity of the Fermionant and Immanants of Constant Width [Note]

In the context of statistical physics, Chandrasekharan and Wiese recently introduced the \emph{fermionant} $\Ferm_k$, a determinant-like quantity where each permutation $\pi$ is weighted by $-k$ raised to the number of cycles in $\pi$. We show that computing $\Ferm_k$ is #P-hard under Turing reductions for any constant $k > 2$, and is $\oplusP$-hard for $k=2$, even for the adjacency matrices of planar graphs. As a consequence, unless the polynomial hierarchy collapses, it is impossible to compute the immanant $\Imm_\lambda \,A$ as a function of the Young diagram $\lambda$ in polynomial time, even if the width of $\lambda$ is restricted to be at most 2. In particular, if $\Ferm_2$ is in P, or if $\Imm_\lambda$ is in P for all $\lambda$ of width 2, then $\NP \subseteq \RP$ and there are randomized polynomial-time algorithms for NP-complete problems.
Abdulai, J. and Ould-Khaoua, M. and Mackenzie, L.M. and Mohammed, A. (2008) Neighbour coverage: a dynamic probabilistic route discovery for mobile ad hoc networks. In: International Symposium on Performance Evaluation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems

Blind flooding is extensively use in ad hoc routing protocols for on-demand route discovery, where a mobile node blindly rebroadcasts received Route Request (RREQ) packets until a route to a particular destination is established. This can potentially lead to high channel contention, causing redundant retransmissions and thus excessive packet collisions in the network. Such a phenomenon induces what is known as broadcast storm problem, which has been shown to greatly increase the network communication overhead and end-to-end delay. In this paper, we show that the deleterious impact of such a problem can be reduced if measures are taken during the dissemination of RREQ packets. We propose a generic probabilistic method for route discovery, that is simple to implement and can significantly reduce the overhead associated with the dissemination of RREQs. Our analysis reveals that equipping AODV with probabilistic route discovery can result in significant reduction of routing control overhead while achieving good throughput.
Are global wind power resource estimates overstated?

Estimates of the global wind power resource over land range from 56 to 400 TW. Most estimates have implicitly assumed that extraction of wind energy does not alter large-scale winds enough to significantly limit wind power production. Estimates that ignore the effect of wind turbine drag on local winds have assumed that wind power production of 2–4 W m−2 can be sustained over large areas. New results from a mesoscale model suggest that wind power production is limited to about 1 W m−2 at wind farm scales larger than about 100 km2. We find that the mesoscale model results are quantitatively consistent with results from global models that simulated the climate response to much larger wind power capacities. Wind resource estimates that ignore the effect of wind turbines in slowing large-scale winds may therefore substantially overestimate the wind power resource.
Quantitative and qualitative cost estimating for engineering design

This paper describes the development of a cost-estimating methodology for predicting the cost of engineering design effort during the conceptual stages of product development. The research was carried out within a large European aerospace manufacturer whose traditional costing practices had become outdated. The main objective was to generate a suite of technical Cost Estimating Relationships (CERs) that integrate both quantitative and qualitative non-recurring airframe engineering input for the design process. Both the quantitative and qualitative design activities were separated during the CER development. At the end of the development process, they were integrated to produce a final CER. The results demonstrate that these newly generated CERs can predict the future design effort required, based on the typically limited product definition at the conceptual design stage.