Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma and substance use disorders in rural and urban veterans.

CONTEXT Disparities in the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of multiple mental health conditions have been described between rural and urban populations. However, there is limited information regarding differences in exposure to trauma and trauma-related mental health conditions in these populations. Given the number of veterans who are returning to rural communities after serving in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom, differences in trauma exposure are of particular relevance. Trauma exposure is related to a variety of mental health disorders including substance use disorders (SUD). PURPOSE The objectives of this preliminary study were to describe lifetime military and nonmilitary trauma and to compare trauma history between rural and urban veterans in SUD treatment. METHODS Sixty adults in SUD treatment were enrolled at 3 Veterans Health Administration sites in Nebraska over a 3-month period in 2008. Subjects completed an interview with study staff, which assessed SUD diagnoses and childhood, lifetime, and military trauma. Rural or urban status was determined by self-report of childhood residence. Childhood trauma, lifetime trauma, and response to military trauma were compared between rural and urban veterans. FINDINGS Although there were no significant differences in trauma exposure between rural and urban groups, there was an association between specific types of trauma and measures typically associated with increased substance abuse severity and poorer SUD treatment outcome. CONCLUSION This is the first study, to our knowledge, which compared trauma exposure between rural and urban veterans and identified an association between childhood trauma exposure and multiple SUD treatment attempts.
Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and celhdar immune responses in humans

Prolonged and severe sleep deprivation is associated with alterations of natural and cellular immune function. To determine whether alterations of immune function also occur after even a modest loss of sleep, the effects of early‐night partial sleep deprivation on circulating numbers of white blood cells, natural killer (NK) cell number and cytotoxicity, lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cell number and activity, and stimulated interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) production were studied in 42 medically and psychiatrically healthy male volunteers. After a night of sleep deprivation between 10 P.M. and 3 A.M., a reduction of natural immune responses as measured by NK cell activity, NK activity per number of NK cells, LAK activity, and LAK activity per number of LAK precursors (CD 16, 56, CD25) was found. In addition, concanavalin A‐stimulated IL‐2 production was suppressed after sleep deprivation due to changes in both adherent and nonadherent cell populations. After a night of recovery sleep, NK activity returned to baseline levels and IL‐2 production remained suppressed. These data implicate sleep in the modulation of immunity and demonstrate that even a modest disturbance of sleep produces a reduction of natural immune responses and T cell cytokine production. —Irwin, T. , McClintick, J., Costlow, C. , Fortner, M. , White, J., Gillin, J. C. Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and cellular immune responses in humans. FASEB J. 10, 643‐653 (1996)
I - 1/2006

Forebygging av uonsket svangerskap og abort blant tenaringer - Innforing av fast bidragssats for dekning av utgifter til hormonell prevensjon til unge kvinner i alderen 16 til og med 19 arI – 1/2006Bidragssats er dekning av utgifter til legemidler.
Dynamic modeling of free fatty acid, glucose, and insulin: an extended "minimal model".

BACKGROUND The mathematical models for patients with diabetes proposed in the literature since the late 1970s are mainly glucocentric (glucose-based); hence, the contribution of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in the body and its glucose-insulin interactions have been largely ignored. However, approximately 90% of the muscle energy is derived from FFA metabolism when the body is at rest. Furthermore, significant interactions exist among FFA, glucose, and insulin. With the long-term goal of developing a closed-loop glucose control system, a model of the major energy-providing substrate dynamics is required. METHODS The Bergman minimal model was extended to include plasma FFA dynamics, and its interaction with glucose and insulin dynamics, with a primary focus on patients with Type 1 diabetes. Differential equations were developed for plasma FFA concentrations and "remote" FFA effects on glucose uptake, as well as "remote" insulin effects on plasma FFA concentrations. Parameters for the model were estimated from experimental data provided in the scientific literature. RESULTS The minimal model was extended in order to capture three major metabolic aspects: the antilipolytic effect of insulin; the lipolytic effect of prolonged hyperglycemia; and the impairing effect of FFA on glucose uptake rate. The dynamic fit of glucose, FFA, and insulin profiles is consistent with published data. CONCLUSIONS The extended minimal model successfully captured the plasma FFA concentration behavior, the plasma insulin and glucose concentrations, and the physiological interactions that exist among these species. This more comprehensive description of energy-providing substrate dynamics may provide a novel simulation test-bed for analysis of patients with insulin dependent diabetes and controller design.
The Effect of the Heterogeneity Variance Estimator on Some Tests of Treatment Efficacy

Abstract The effect of two noniterative heterogeneity variance estimators on two test procedures for the overall treatment effect using the log odds ratio as the outcome measure is investigated. Using simulated significance levels, it is shown that in addition to being sensitive to changes in the magnitude of the heterogeneity variance, the standard test procedure in meta-analysis (or multicenter clinical trials) is also sensitive to the heterogeneity variance estimator used and attains significance levels that are far from the prescribed level. A second test procedure by Hartung [Hartung, J. (1999). An alternative method for meta-analysis. Biometrical J. 41:901–916], is shown to exhibit good control of type I error probability regardless of changes in the magnitude of the heterogeneity variance and the heterogeneity variance estimator used.
Hemagglutinin mutations related to attenuation and altered cell tropism of a virulent avian influenza A virus

The H5 hemagglutinin (HA) of a highly virulent avian influenza virus, A/Turkey Ontario/7732/66 (H5N9), was previously shown to have five neutralizing epitopes, and escape mutants within one epitope (group 1) were markedly attenuated (M. Philpott, B. C. Easterday, and V. S. Hinshaw, J. Virol. 63:3453-3458, 1989). To define the genetic changes related to these antigenic and biologic properties, the HA genes of mutants within each of the epitope groups were sequenced by using the polymerase chain reaction. The mutations in the attenuated group 1 mutants were located near the distal tip of the HA molecule in close proximity to the receptor-binding site, on the basis of alignment with the three-dimensional structure of the H3 HA. All group 1 mutations involved charged amino acids. The group 1 mutants, similar to the wild-type virus, spread systemically and were recovered from the spleens of infected chickens but, unlike the wild-type virus, failed to produce severe necrosis in the spleens. Viral replication in the spleens was investigated by in situ hybridization of spleen sections from chickens infected with the wild-type or attenuated mutants. Wild-type virus replication was demonstrated in large, mononuclear, macrophagelike cells; however, group 1 mutant virus was detected attached only to erythrocytes within the red pulp. These results suggest that the attenuated mutants differ in their cell tropism within the spleen.
Evidence for resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) from Pakistan

Abstract The susceptibility of representative pyrethroid (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, bifenthrin), organophosphate (chlorpyriphos, triazophos, profenophos) and new chemistry insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and emamectin) was investigated for 18 field populations of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus) from three different zones in Pakistan. The LC50 (mg ml−1; 48 h) values of pyrethroids for various populations ranged from 0.19–1.88 for cypermethrin, 0.31–2.64 for deltamethrin, 0.08–1.16 for lambdacyhalothrin and 0.07–0.88 for bifenthrin. The LC50 (mg ml−1; 48 h) of organophosphates ranged from 0.52–5.67 for chlorpyriphos, 0.37–4.14 for triazophos and 0.03–2.65 for profenophos. The most probable reason for low toxicity of organophosphates and pyrethroids is the evolution of multiple resistance mechanisms; however, further studies are required to establish these mechanisms. When these same products were tested against a susceptible laboratory population (Lab-Pak), the new chemistry compounds were significantly more toxic than pyrethroids and organophosphates. The results are discussed in relation to integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management strategies for P. xylostella.
Patterns of convergence in rat zona incerta from the trigeminal nuclear complex: Light and electron microscopic study

In contrast to the restricted receptive field (RF) properties of the ventral posteriomedial nucleus (VPM), neurons of the ventral thalamus zona incerta (ZI) have been shown to exhibit multiwhisker responses that vary from the ventral (ZIv) to the dorsal (ZId) subdivision. Differences in activity may arise from the trigeminal nuclear complex (TNC) and result from subnucleus specific inputs via certain cells of origin, axon distribution patterns, fiber densities, bouton sizes, or postsynaptic contact sites. We tested this hypothesis by assessing circuit relationships among TNC, ZI, and VPM. Results from tracer studies show that, 1) relative to ZId, the trigeminal projection to ZIv is denser and arises predominantly from the principalis (PrV) and interpolaris (SpVi) subdivisions; 2) the incertal projection from TNC subnuclei overlaps and covers most of ZIv; 3) two sets of PrV axons terminate in ZI: a major subtype, possessing bouton‐like swellings, and a few fine fibers, with minimal specialization; 4) both PrV and SpVi terminals exhibit asymmetric endings and preferentially target dendrites of ZI neurons; 5) small and large neurons in PrV are labeled after retrograde injections into ZI; 6) small PrV cells with incertal projections form a population that is distinct from those projecting to VPM; and 7) ∼30–50% of large cells in PrV send collaterals to ZI and VPM. These findings suggest that, 1) although information to ZI and VPM is essentially routed along separate TNC circuits, streams of somatosensory code converge in ZI to establish large RFs, and 2) subregional differences in ZI response profiles are attributable in part to TNC innervation density. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1521–1541, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn-Substituted Fe–Pt

We have calculated the electronic structures of FePt and Fe<sub>0.9375</sub>Mn<sub>0.0625</sub>Pt using first principle calculations based on density functional theory within the local-spin-density approximation (LSDA). The Curie temperature (T<sub>c</sub>) was calculated by a simple model based on the mean field approximation. A supercell structure, containing eight unit cells, was used to calculate the density of states. The saturation magnetization (M<sub>s</sub>) and magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant (K) at 0 K, and T<sub>c</sub> for Fe<sub>0.9375</sub>Mn<sub>0.0625</sub>Pt were calculated to be 942 emu/cm<sup>3</sup>, 8.24 × 10<sup>6</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup>, and 590 K, respectively. The temperature-dependent M(T) and K(T) of Fe<sub>0.9375</sub>Mn<sub>0.0625</sub>Pt were calculated using the Brillouin function and Callen-Callen experimental relation, respectively, to obtain an Ms and a K of 822 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> and 6.29 × 10<sup>6</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup> at 300 K, respectively. These values meet the required Ms and K of 800 emu/cm<sup>3</sup> and 5.00 × 10<sup>6</sup> J/m<sup>3</sup> for achieving 4 Tb/in<sup>2</sup> heat-assisted magnetic recording media (HAMR).
Facilitated Integrated Mood Management for adults with bipolar disorder

Miklowitz DJ, Price J, Holmes EA, Rendell J, Bell S, Budge K, Christensen J, Wallace J, Simon J, Armstrong NM, McPeake L, Goodwin GM, Geddes JR. Facilitated Integrated Mood Management for adults with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 185–197. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
SQSTM1, une plateforme de signalisation clé contrôlant l'autophagie sélective jusqu'à la reprogrammation tumorale

Malgre les avancees recentes, le cancer reste la premiere cause de mortalite en France avec ~ 150000 deces recenses par an (INCa 2012). Notamment, le cancer broncho-pulmonaire est l’un des plus agressifs, avec 29100 deces en 2011. La survie a cinq ans de seulement 10% des patients atteints des cancers du poumon non a petites cellules (NSCLC, 80% des cancers bronchiques), pose un probleme d’ordre scientifique, medical et de sante publique. Il est communement admis qu’une sous-population de la tumeur acquiert en raison d’une instabilite genetique de nouvelles proprietes agressives necessaires a sa dissemination, sa proliferation et une plus grande resistance aux chimiotherapies. Une meilleure comprehension de ces proprietes tumorales constitue un enjeu majeur pour prevenir a terme cette progression maligne. Nous avons axe notre recherche sur la macro-autophagie, un processus catabolique lysosomal essentiel a l’homeostasie cellulaire et sur un de ses substrats SQSTM1 (sequestosome ou p62). Au moment ou j’ai initie ma these, une relation etroite entre l’autophagie, SQSTM1 et la progression tumorale venait d’etre mise en lumiere. Plusieurs membres de la machinerie autophagique sont frequemment mutes/deletes dans les cancers. De facon paradoxale, l’autophagie peut egalement permettre la survie des cellules tumorales face a l’hypoxie, la carence nutritionnelle ou les chimiotherapies.
Review of the safety and efficacy of long-term NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis

The published, peer-reviewed literature was systematically searched for information on the safety and efficacy of long-term (defined as 28 days or more of continuous therapy) NSAID use in the treatment of canine osteoarthritis. Online databases were reviewed in June 2008 and papers were selected based on their relevance. Fifteen papers were identified and evaluated. Six of seven papers indicated a benefit of long-term treatment over short-term treatment in terms of the reduction of clinical signs or lameness; one study showed no benefit. Fourteen papers evaluated safety with calculated experimental (adverse) event rates (EER) between 0 and 0.31, but there was no correlation between study length and EER (rs=-0.109, P=0.793). The balance of evidence for the efficacy of NSAIDs supports longer-term use of these agents for increased clinical effect. There is no indication in the literature that such an approach is associated with a reduction in safety, although robust data on the safety of long-term NSAID use are lacking in large numbers of dogs.
Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection

The matrix domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein contains a highly basic region near its amino terminus. It has been proposed that this basic domain, in conjunction with the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr, is responsible for the localization of the HIV-1 preintegration complex to the nucleus in nondividing cells. It has also been postulated that the matrix basic domain assists in the targeting of the HIV-1 Gag precursor Pr55Gag to the plasma membrane during virus assembly. To evaluate the role of this highly basic sequence during infection of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages, single- and double-amino-acid-substitution mutations were introduced, and the effects on virus particle production, Gag protein processing, envelope glycoprotein incorporation into virus particles, and virus infectivity in the CEM(12D-7) T-cell line, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were analyzed. Although modest effects on virus particle production were observed with some of the mutants, none abolished infectivity in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. In contrast with previously reported studies involving some of the same matrix basic domain mutants, infectivity in monocyte-derived macrophages was retained even when combined with a vpr mutation.
Small-Size LTE/WWAN Two-Strip Monopole Exciter Antenna Integration With Metal Covers

A novel small-size LTE/WWAN two-strip monopole exciter antenna integration with metal covers for ultrabook computer applications is presented. The monopole exciter antenna is placed in the hinge slot between metal covers and hinges. By integrating the monopole exciter antenna with the metal covers and hinges, not only several modes of the monopole structure but those of the hinge slot are also excited to cover the desired eight-band LTE/WWAN operation (LTE700/GSM850/900 and GSM1800/ 1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 bands). The exciter antenna comprises a feeding strip and a folded strip to form a two-strip monopole structure. The proposed exciter antenna can be integrated with the surrounding metal planes (metal covers) to enhance the operating bandwidth to cover LTE/WWAN band with good radiation efficiency. The exciter antenna has a simple two-strip structure that is easy to be fabricated on a 0.8-mm thin FR4 substrate with a small area of only 25 × 8 mm2. Over the lower and upper bands, the antenna efficiencies are about 65%-88% and 55%-78%, respectively.
Biodiversity of Thermophilic Prokaryotes with Hydrolytic Activities in Hot Springs of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka (Russia)

ABSTRACT Samples of water from the hot springs of Uzon Caldera with temperatures from 68 to 87°C and pHs of 4.1 to 7.0, supplemented with proteinaceous (albumin, casein, or α- or β-keratin) or carbohydrate (cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitin, or agarose) biological polymers, were filled with thermal water and incubated at the same sites, with the contents of the tubes freely accessible to the hydrothermal fluid. As a result, several enrichment cultures growing in situ on different polymeric substrates were obtained. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained after PCR with Bacteria-specific primers showed that the bacterial communities developing on carbohydrates included the genera Caldicellulosiruptor and Dictyoglomus and that those developing on proteins contained members of the Thermotogales order. DGGE analysis performed after PCR with Archaea- and Crenarchaeota-specific primers showed that archaea related to uncultured environmental clones, particularly those of the Crenarchaeota phylum, were present in both carbohydrate- and protein-degrading communities. Five isolates obtained from in situ enrichments or corresponding natural samples of water and sediments represented the bacterial genera Dictyoglomus and Caldanaerobacter as well as new archaea of the Crenarchaeota phylum. Thus, in situ enrichment and consequent isolation showed the diversity of thermophilic prokaryotes competing for biopolymers in microbial communities of terrestrial hot springs.
Ethnic differences in potentially preventable hospitalizations among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders: implications for reducing health care disparities.

OBJECTIVES A serious challenge to eliminating US health disparities stems from the inability to reliably measure outcomes, particularly for numerically small populations. Our study aimed to produce reliable estimates of health care quality among Native Hawaiian (NH), Other Pacific Islander (PI), and Asian American (AA) subgroups. DESIGN Prevention Quality Indicators (PQIs) from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality were used to calculate 3 PQI composites and 8 individual chronic condition indicators. Data sources were the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases and the Hawaii Health Survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Risk-adjusted PQI rates for adults were computed for 2005 through 2007. Relative rates for 2007 were calculated for each racial/ethnic group and compared to Whites. Statistical significance was based on P < . 05 from a two-sided t test. RESULTS The combined AANHPI group had higher overall and chronic PQI composite rates than Whites in 2007. When disaggregated into discrete racial/ethnic subgroups, Chinese and Japanese had lower rates than Whites for all 3 composites, whereas NH and Other PI subgroups typically had the worst health outcomes. Trends in PQI rates from 2005 through 2007 showed persistent gaps between groups, especially across chronic PQIs. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent efforts to reduce racial/ethnic health care disparities, significant gaps remain in potentially preventable hospitalization rates. Practical tools that measure inequities across diverse, numerically small populations may suggest ways to optimally funnel limited resources toward improving racial/ethnic differences in health outcomes.
Quantitative Assessment of Brain Volumes in Fish: Comparison of Methodologies

When correlating brain areas with behavioral and environmental characteristics, a variety of techniques are employed. In fishes (elasmobranchs and teleosts), 2 methods, histology and the idealized ellipsoid and/or half-ellipsoid technique, are primarily used to calculate the volume of a brain area and therefore its relationship to social or ecological complexity. In this study on a perciform teleost, we have quantitatively compared brain volumes obtained using the conventional techniques of histology and approximating brain volume to an idealized ellipsoid (or half ellipsoid) and magnetic resonance imaging, an established clinical tool typically used for assessing brain volume in other vertebrates. Our results indicate that, when compared to brain volumes measured using magnetic resonance imaging of brain regions in situ, variations in brain shape and histological artifacts can lead to significant differences in brain volume, especially in the telencephalon and optic tecta. Consequently, in comparative studies of brain volumes, we advise caution when using the histological and/or ellipsoid methods to make correlations between brain area size and environmental, behavioral and social characteristics and, when possible, we propose the use of magnetic resonance imaging.
Attenuation and cell culture adaptation of hepatitis A virus (HAV): a genetic analysis with HAV cDNA

RNA transcripts of hepatitis A virus (HAV) HM-175 cDNA from attenuated, cell culture-adapted HAV were infectious in cell culture. A full-length HAV cDNA from wild-type HAV (propagated in marmosets in vivo) was constructed. Chimeric cDNAs that contained portions of both wild-type and attenuated genomes were produced. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to engineer a point mutation into the VP1 gene of attenuated HAV cDNA, so that the sequence of this capsid protein would be identical to that of the wild-type virus. Transfection of monkey kidney cells with RNA transcripts from several of the chimeric cDNAs and from the mutagenized cDNA induced production of HAV. Comparison of the growth of attenuated, wild-type, chimeric, and mutant viruses in vitro indicated that the P2-P3 (nonstructural protein) region is important for cell culture adaptation of the virus; the 5' noncoding region may also contribute to adaptation, but to a lesser extent. Inoculation of marmosets with transfection-derived virus also suggested that the P2-P3 region plays an important role in attenuation of HAV HM-175.