Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilities and Intrusion Detection in Wireless Networks

Wireless technologies will be among the most important ones in the next decade. In this paper, the most frequently exploited vulnerabilities of wireless networks that use the IEEE 802.11 standard are enumerated. Intrusion detection and prevention systems are proposed as an important line of defense in a multifaceted wireless network protection system. However, some concepts from the classical IDS theory must be redefined and there are many changes that these systems must be exposed to in order to operate correctly and efficiently in a wireless network environment. The importance of anomaly detection systems is especially stressed because of very specific attacks that are difficult to detect and respond to by misuse (signature based) detection systems. In this paper, the most frequently exploited vulnerabilities of wireless networks are first enumerated and then some wireless IDS solutions intended to defend such networks are presented. Special focus is given to anomaly detection, since this type of IDS, although more difficult to implement, may become a more complete solution to the problems of wireless networks protection. I. Introduction Wireless technologies will be among the most important ones in the next decade. This will dramatically change computer networks, considering not only mobility, availability and quality of service but also security. It is much more difficult to ensure security in this type of network than in ordinary (wired) networks. Since most of the communications in the future will use both wired and wireless networks on the communication paths, new hardware and software technologies will be needed to ensure security. Among these, the intrusion detection and prevention (IDS/IPS) technologies will have to be exposed to the most dramatic changes [1]. In 1999, IEEE completed and approved the 802.11 standard [2] and this is considered the starting point of wireless LANs (WLANs) in the form that we know them today. There are several members of this standard family, of which 802.11b and 802.11g are the most frequently used. WLANs exist in either infrastructure mode or in ad hoc mode. An infrastructure WLAN consists of several clients communicating with a central device, so-called Access Point (AP). Ad hoc networks have multiple wireless clients communicating with each other as peers in order to share data among them without using an access point. In this paper, by wireless network we mean an IEEE 802.11 (b or g) infrastructure network.
Diversified Structural Basis of a Conserved Molecular Mechanism for pH‐Dependent Dimerization in Spider Silk N‐Terminal Domains

Conversion of spider silk proteins from soluble dope to insoluble fibers involves pH‐dependent dimerization of the N‐terminal domain (NT). This conversion is tightly regulated to prevent premature precipitation and enable rapid silk formation at the end of the duct. Three glutamic acid residues that mediate this process in the NT from Euprosthenops australis major ampullate spidroin 1 are well conserved among spidroins. However, NTs of minor ampullate spidroins from several species, including Araneus ventricosus (AvMiSp NT), lack one of the glutamic acids. Here we investigate the pH‐dependent structural changes of AvMiSp NT, revealing that it uses the same mechanism but involves a non‐conserved glutamic acid residue instead. Homology modeling of the structures of other MiSp NTs suggests that these harbor different compensatory residues. This indicates that, despite sequence variations, the molecular mechanism underlying pH‐dependent dimerization of NT is conserved among different silk types.
Ultrastructural study of GERL in beige mouse alveolar macrophages

Alveolar macrophages of the beige mouse mutant have a system of smooth- surfaced elements with the hallmarks of GERL. GERL also appears to produce residual bodies, and both organelles show cytochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase activity. When cells are exposed to colloidal silver, the tracer is endocytosed via pinocytic vacuoles to GERL.
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques The Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments ( CINDI ) : design , execution , and early results

From June to July 2009 more than thirty different in-situ and remote sensing instruments from all over the world participated in the Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI). The campaign took place at KNMI’s Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) in the Netherlands. Its main objectives were to determine the accuracy of state-ofthe-art ground-based measurement techniques for the detection of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide (both in-situ and remote sensing), and to investigate their usability in satellite data validation. The expected outcomes are recommendations regarding the operation and calibration of such instruments, retrieval settings, and observation strategies for the use in ground-based networks for air quality monitoring and satellite data validation. Twenty-four optical spectrometers participated in the campaign, of which twenty-one had the capability to scan different elevation angles consecutively, the so-called Multi-axis DOAS systems, thereby collecting vertical profile information, in particular for nitrogen dioxide and aerosol. Various in-situ samplers and lidar instruments simultaneously characterized the variability of atmospheric trace gases and the physical properties of aerosol particles. A large data set of continuous measurements of these atmospheric constituents has been collected under various meteorological conditions and air pollution levels. Together with the permanent measurement capability at the CESAR site characterizing the meteorological state of the atmosphere, the CINDI campaign provided a comprehensive observational data set of atmospheric constituents in a highly polluted region of the world during summertime. First detailed comparisons performed with the CINDI data show that slant column measurements of NO 2, O4 and HCHO with MAX-DOAS agree within 5 to 15 %, vertical profiles of NO2 derived from several independent instruments agree within 25 % of one another, and MAX-DOAS aerosol optical thickness agrees within 20–30 % with AERONET data. For the in-situ NO2 instrument using a molybdenum converter, a bias was found as large as 5 ppbv during day time, when compared to the other in-situ instruments using photolytic converters.
Enhancement by sphingosine 1‐phosphate in vasopressin‐induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in aortic smooth‐muscle cells: Involvement of p38 MAP kinase

We previously reported that sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S‐1‐P), a sphingomyelin metabolite, activates p44/p42 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase in aortic smooth‐muscle A10 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sphingomyelin metabolites on phospholipase C‐catalyzing phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by arginine vasopressin (AVP) in A10 cells. C2‐ceramide and sphingosine had little effect on inositol phosphate (IP) formation stimulated by AVP. S‐1‐P, which alone slightly stimulated the IPs formation, dose‐dependently amplified the AVP‐induced formation of IPs. Tumor necrosis factor‐α enhanced the AVP‐induced formation of IPs. However, S‐1‐P did not enhance the formation of IPs by NaF, a heterotrimeric GTP‐binding protein activator. Pertussis toxin inhibited the effect of S‐1‐P. PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/p42 MAP kinase, had little effect on the enhancement by S‐1‐P. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase, suppressed the effect of S‐1‐P on the formation of IPs by AVP. SB203580 inhibited the AVP‐induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. Pertussis toxin suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase by S‐1‐P. These results indicate that S‐1‐P amplifies AVP‐induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis by phospholipase C through p38 MAP kinase in vascular smooth‐muscle cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 80:46–52, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receiving-Opportunity Control-employed QoS guarantee scheme in DCF and EDCA stations coexisting WLAN

IEEE 802.11e Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) is a MAC protocol for WLAN to realize Quality of Service (QoS) control. EDCA offers the possibility of defining four different classes of service at the MAC layer so that QoS requirements can be supported. Service between classes is differentiated by different sets of channel contention parameters. However, it is difficult to guarantee QoS of the high-priority stations in EDCA where both EDCA stations and Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) stations are connected to an access point (AP), because quality control is not considered in DCF. This paper proposes a novel scheme to guarantee the QoS requirement of the high-priority stations in EDCA in such a mixed environment. In this scheme, Receiving-Opportunity Control in MAC Frame (ROC) proposed by the authors is employed. ROC probabilistically refuses data frames from low-priority stations. This paper analyzes the appropriate probability which satisfies the requirement of high-priority stations in EDCA. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through simulation.
Cardiovascular Abnormalities in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the most common cause of poisoning and poisoning-related death in the United States. It manifests as broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild headache, nausea, and fatigue to dizziness, syncope, coma, seizures resulting in cardiovascular collapse, respiratory failure, and death. Cardiovascular complications of CO poisoning has been well reported and include myocardial stunning, left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary edema, and arrhythmias. Acute myocardial ischemia has also been reported from increased thrombogenicity due to CO poisoning. Myocardial toxicity from CO exposure is associated with increased short-term and long-term mortality. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels do not correlate well with the clinical severity of CO poisoning. Supplemental oxygen remains the cornerstone of therapy for CO poisoning. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases CO elimination and has been used with wide variability in patients with evidence of neurological and myocardial injury from CO poisoning, but its benefit in limiting or reversing cardiac injury is unknown. We present a comprehensive review of literature on cardiovascular manifestations of CO poisoning and propose a diagnostic algorithm for managing patients with CO poisoning.
Restitution of superoxide generation in autosomal cytochrome-negative chronic granulomatous disease (A22(0) CGD)-derived B lymphocyte cell lines by transfection with p22phax cDNA

The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes is a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the one-electron reduction of oxygen by NADPH. It is responsible for the O2-production that occurs when these cells are exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or physiologic stimuli, such as phagocytosis in phagocytes or cross- linking of surface immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes. The activity of this enzyme is greatly diminished or absent in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited disorder characterized by a severe defect in host defense against bacteria and fungi. In every CGD patient studied so far, an abnormality has been found in a gene encoding one of the four components of the respiratory burst oxidase: the membrane proteins p22phox or gp91phox which together form the cytochrome b558 protein, or the cytosolic proteins p47phox or p67phox. Autosomal recessive cytochrome-negative CGD (A22(0) CGD) is associated with mutations in the gene coding for p22phox. We report here that the capacity for O2- production and cytochrome b558 protein expression were restored to Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes from two A22(0) CGD patients by transfection with an expression plasmid containing a p22phox cDNA. No detectable O2- was generated by untransfected p22phox-deficient lymphocytes. The genetic reconstitution of the respiratory burst in A22(0) CGD B lymphocytes by transfer of the wild-type p22phox cDNA represents a further step towards somatic gene therapy for this subgroup of A22(0) CGD. This system will also be useful for expression of genetically engineered mutant p22phox proteins in intact cells, facilitating the structure-function analysis of cytochrome b558.
Fusion of GPS and visual motion estimates for robust outdoor open field localization

Localization is an essential part of autonomous vehicles or robots navigating in an outdoor environment. In the absence of an ideal sensor for localization, it is necessary to use sensors in combination in order to achieve acceptable results. In the present study we present a combination of GPS and visual motion estimation, which have complementary strengths. The visual motion estimation is based on the tracking of points in an image sequence. In an open field outdoor environment the points being tracked are typically distributed in one dimension (on a line), which allows the ego motion to be determined by a new method based on simple analysis of the image point set covariance structure. Visual motion estimates are fused with GPS data in a Kalman filter. Since the filter tracks the state estimate over time, it is possible to use the prior estimate of the state to remove errors in the landmark matching, simplifying the matching, and increasing the robustness. The proposed algorithm is evaluated against ground truth in a realistic outdoor experimental setup.
Model Checking Alternating-Time Temporal Logics of Knowledge

A wireless security protocol can be modeled as a Kripke structure M. The model checking problem for a logic L is: given a formula phiisinL decide if phi holds in the states of M. The alternating time temporal logic (ATL) is expanded and the alternating time temporal logics of knowledge is considered. We propose an efficient algorithm to model-check ATL of knowledge properties.
Growth Mindset of Gifted Seventh Grade Students in Science.

Through secondary analysis of data collected in middle school science classrooms, this study (a) compared gifted and regular students’ beliefs about the malleability of intelligence in science; (b) investigated whether teaching gifted and talented middle-school students about malleability of the brain and study skills helped them to develop a growth mindset (Dweck, 2000), and (c) examined whether there were teacher effects in the impact of the intervention. Compared to the general student population, gifted and talented students were more likely to endorse the idea that intelligence is malleable, but there was considerable variability among gifted students’ mindset beliefs. Results of a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA showed a large effect size in the impact of the six week mindset intervention (Brainology) among the gifted and talented students. While strong teacher effects on growth mindset were found among students in the general population who participated in the intervention, similar teacher effects were not found among the gifted and talented students. A growth mindset is particularly important for gifted students because they are at risk for both under-achievement and perfectionism, which may hinder them from reaching their potential. AbstrA ct
Measuring group switching in the European Parliament: Methodology, data and trends (1979-2009)

Measuring group switching in the European Parliament: Methodology, data and trends (1979-2009). Party group switching in the European Parliament (ep), where parliamentarians individually or collectively switch from one party group to the other, is a well-known contributor to the volatility of the EP party system. We present a new dataset that contains party group information on all meps from 1979 to 2009. As a first step to a more comprehensive analysis of the phenomenon of party group switching in the EP we describe characteristics of all switches that have occurred in these six legislatures, with a focus on the trends across time, variety between member states, party groups, and ideological party families.
Memristors for neural branch prediction: a case study in strict latency and write endurance challenges

Memristors offer many potential advantages over more traditional memory-cell technologies, including the potential for extreme densities, and fast read times. Current devices, however, are plagued by problems of yield, and durability. We present a limit study of an aggressive neural network application that has a high update rate and a strict latency requirement, analog neural branch predictor. Of course, traditional analog neural network (ANN) implementations of branch predictors are not built with the idea that the underlying bits are likely to fail due to both manufacturing and wear-out issues. Without some careful precautions, a direct one-to-one replacement will result in poor behavior. We propose a hybrid system that uses SRAM front-end cache, and a distributed-sum scheme to overcome memristors' limitations. Our design can leverage devices with even modest durability (surviving only hours of continuous switching) to provide a system lasting 5 or more years of continuous operation. In addition, these schemes allow for a fault-tolerant design as well. We find that, while a neural predictor benefits from larger density, current technology parameters do not allow high dense, energy-efficient design. Thus, we discuss a range of plausible memristor characteristics that would; as the technology advances; make them practical for our application.
The safety of calcineurin inhibitors for kidney-transplant patients

Introduction: Cyclosporine-A and tacrolimus are the cornerstones in modern immunosuppression after organ transplantation. They are potent inhibitors of calcineurin, that is, so-called calcineurin-inhibitors (CNIs). However, because these drugs have narrow therapeutic windows, they are associated with many side-effects, with some being dose related. Areas covered: The most frequent side-effect of CNIs is nephrotoxicity, which in the long term can contribute, to allograft deterioration. Other frequent side-effects include metabolic disorders (new onset of diabetes, dyslipidemia), neurotoxicity, or promoting of de novo cancers. Expert opinion: In kidney transplantation, many strategies have been developed to minimize nephrotoxicity while maintaining efficacy of immunosuppression: for example, the minimization of CNI in addition to either full-dose mycophenolic acid or low doses of m-TOR inhibitors, mainly everolimus (EVR). Attempts made to eliminate CNIs by replacing them with m-TOR inhibitors have been unsuccessful because of occurrence of de novo donor-specific alloantibodies in a substantial number of patients, associated with antibody-mediated rejection. Conversely, CNI-avoidance by replacing them by Belatacept is feasible with very good renal function in the long term despite a significant increase in acute cellular rejections within the first-year posttransplantation. Other side-effects of CNIs, such as neurologic disorders, diabetes, dyslipidemia, viral infections, and cancer, seem to be less frequent in low-dose or CNI-free immunosuppressive regimens. Thus, although CNIs remain the major immunosuppressive treatment, their dosage should be minimized by using them with either full-dose MPA or reduced-dose EVR.
A Text Mining Application for Exploring the Voice of the Customer

Involving customers into the development process is a well-known best practice for creating successful products. Theclassical process of direct customer contact is time consuming and does not scale. In the past decade we have seen atremendous growth in digitally available textual sources in the form of emails or web-based data such as communities andalike. These large collections of unstructured content are containing relevant customer input, however, humans can only dealwith a limited amount of unstructured content in a given time. To address this problem, the concept of text mining has beenestablished to help humans processing large amounts of unstructured content. In this paper we present first results of a designscience research project. We have developed a text mining software artifact for extracting the voice of the customer fromunstructured content with the goal of supporting the product development process. The artifact has been piloted and evaluatedwithin a case study that we have carried out in cooperation with a large enterprise software company.
Maximum-norm interior estimates for Ritz-Galerkin methods

In this paper we obtain, by simple means, interior maximum-norm estimates for a class of Ritz-Galerkin methods used for approximating solutions of second order elliptic boundary value problems in RN. The estimates are proved when the approximating subspaces are any of a large class of piecewise polynomial subspaces which we assume here to be defined on a uniform mesh on the interior domain. Optimal rates of convergence are obtained.
On the Jordan structure of the spectral-zero dynamics in multivariable analytic interpolation

The parametrization of solutions to scalar interpolation problems with a degree constraint relies on the concept of spectral-zeros - these are the poles of the inverse of a corresponding spectral factor. In fact, under a certain degree constraint, the spectral-zeros are free (modulo a stability requirement) and parameterize all solutions. The subject of this paper is the multivariable analog of a Nehari-like analytic interpolation with a degree constraint. Our main result is based on Rosenbrock¿s pole assignability theorem and addresses the freedom in assigning the Jordan structure of the spectral-zero dynamics.
Enhanced Seed Oil Production in Canola by Conditional Expression of Brassica napus LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and LEC1-LIKE in Developing Seeds1[W][OA]

The seed oil content in oilseed crops is a major selection trait to breeders. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) and LEC1-LIKE (L1L) are key regulators of fatty acid biosynthesis. Overexpression of AtLEC1 and its orthologs in canola (Brassica napus), BnLEC1 and BnL1L, causes an increased fatty acid level in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, which, however, also show severe developmental abnormalities. Here, we use truncated napin A promoters, which retain the seed-specific expression pattern but with a reduced expression level, to drive the expression of BnLEC1 and BnL1L in transgenic canola. Conditional expression of BnLEC1 and BnL1L increases the seed oil content by 2% to 20% and has no detrimental effects on major agronomic traits. In the transgenic canola, expression of a subset of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis and glycolysis is up-regulated in developing seeds. Moreover, the BnLEC1 transgene enhances the expression of several genes involved in Suc synthesis and transport in developing seeds and the silique wall. Consistently, the accumulation of Suc and Fru is increased in developing seeds of the transgenic rapeseed, suggesting the increased carbon flux to fatty acid biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that BnLEC1 and BnL1L are reliable targets for genetic improvement of rapeseed in seed oil production.
Principles of waveform diversity and design

and design in subjects such as radar and sonar, communications systems, passive sensing, and many other technologies. Waveform diversity allows researchers and system designers to optimize electromagnetic and acoustic systems for sensing, communications, electronic warfare or combinations thereof. This book enables solutions to problems with how each system performs its own particular function as well as how it is affected by other systems and how those other systems may likewise be affected.