Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the importance of genotypic variation, metabolic rate, morphology, sex and development time on immune function in the cricket, Gryllus firmus

Immune defence is hypothesized to be a trait that bears significant fitness costs as well as benefits in that mounting a defence depreciates the value of other life‐history traits. Thus the cost of mounting an immune response could affect the evolution of both the immune system and correlated life history traits. In this study we examined, by means of a diallel cross of four inbred lines, the genetic basis of two measures of immune function, metabolic rate and several traits in the sand cricket, Gryllus firmus. We specifically addressed the following questions: (1) is immune function determined primarily by genetic constitution or correlations with phenotypic traits that could reduce the effectiveness of the immune response; (2) do the two measures of immune function covary; (3) What are the contributions of additive, nonadditive and maternal effects to the immune function? As estimates of immune function, we used lytic activity and encapsulation rate. We found that inbred crickets were smaller than individuals from the crossed lines and took longer to develop. However, inbred lines did not differ from the crossed lines in immune function nor metabolic rates, suggesting that increased homozygosity has little or no effect on these traits in G. firmus. We found that both immune parameters showed significant genetic variation but no consistent relationships with the other phenotypic traits (metabolic rate, head width, body mass, development time and activity). There was significant additive genetic variation only in encapsulation rate, but, with the exception of the activity measure, significant nonadditive and reciprocal variances were found in all traits. Metabolic rate of crickets was heritable, but there was neither phenotypic nor genetic association between metabolic rate and the two parameters of immune function. Further, there was no correlation between these two measures. Females showed a higher encapsulation response than males, but there was no sex differences in lytic activity. Our study indicates that genetic variation in immune parameters can be a very significant contributor to phenotypic variation in immune function.
Cell Wall Alterations in the Arabidopsis emb30 Mutant

The Arabidopsis EMB30 gene is essential for controlling the polarity of cell growth and for normal cell adhesion during seedling development. In this article, we show that emb30 mutations also affect the growth of undifferentiated plant cells and adult tissues. EMB30 possesses a Sec7 domain and, based on similarities to other proteins, presumably functions in the secretory pathway. The plant cell wall depends on the secretory pathway to deliver its complex polysaccharides. We show that emb30 mutants have a cell wall defect that sometimes allows material to be deposited into the interstitial space between cells instead of being restricted to cell corners. In addition, pectin, a complex polysaccharide important for cell adhesion, appears to be abnormally localized in emb30 plants. In contrast, localization of epitopes associated with xyloglucan or arabinogalactan was similar in wild-type and emb30 tissues, and the localization of a marker molecule to vacuoles appeared normal. Therefore, emb30 mutations do not cause a general defect in the secretory pathway. Together, these results suggest that emb30 mutations result in an abnormal cell wall, which in turn may account for the defects in cell adhesion and polar cell growth control observed in the mutants.
IEEE 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Network Testbed

In this paper, an IEEE 802.11-based wireless mesh network testbed is developed to evaluate the performance of wireless mesh networks in real environment. The proposed testbed consists of mesh routers and mesh clients, where the mesh routers have minimal mobility and form the backbone of the wireless mesh network In order to build the proposed 802.11-based wireless mesh network testbed both an ARM-based embedded Linux development board and an Intel x86-based laptop PC were used to implement the mesh routers and mesh clients. Multimedia services such as voice, video and text were also used in order to confirm the functions of the testbed components, the mesh routers and mesh clients.
Hybrid approach using throttled and ESCE load balancing algorithms in cloud computing

Cloud computing is a developing computing paradigm that has inclined every other entity in the digital industry, it may be government sector or the personal sector. Taking into account the mounting significance of cloud, finding new ways to advance cloud services is an area of concern and research center. Usually clouds have powerful data centers to handle large number of users. Cloud is a platform providing dynamic pool of resources and virtualization. To properly manage the resources of the service contributor, load balancing is required for the jobs that are submitted to the service contributor. Load balancing is a tactic to share out workload across many virtual machines in a Server over the network to achieve optimal resource consumption, least data processing time, least average response time, and avoid overload. The objective of this paper is to propose efficient and enhanced Hybrid scheduling algorithm that can maintain the load and provides modified resource allocation techniques. In this paper Hybrid approach is applied for load balancing using Throttled and Equally Spread Current Execution (ESCE) algorithms.
Cooperative Multi-Cell Power Control under Imperfect Channel Knowledge : A Comparative Performance Study

Radio resource management is important in enhancing spectrum utilization efficiency in broadband wireless services. Multi-cell binary power control (BPC) in full-reuse networks is a promising candidate in system optimization for this purpose. While the BPC scheme is inherently simple, the sum rate maximization by cooperative BPC across cells/link s is almost as good as the best achievable non-binary solution . For practical use, the issue of imperfect channel knowledge should however also be considered. In this paper, we conduct an investigation and analysis of the performance of BPC and compare it to the best known non-binary optimization, as wel l as to full-power transmission. Performance under two different link gain measurement error models is reported. Clearly, with perfect channel knowledge, BPC usually has system capacity lower th an that from the optimized non-binary allocation, although the loss is marginal. However, more interestingly, when measurement e rrors occur, BPC achieves a better and more robust performance. Simulation results show that it is less sensitive to the nega tive impacts of the link gain measurement errors. When looking at the simple full power scheme, comparisons show that althoug h it is severely suboptimal when perfect channel state knowle dge or moderate channel state error levels are considered, it ca n actually outperform BPC and also GP-based optimization in s ome scenarios with severely erroneous channel knowledge.
Like or Dislike? Affective Preference Modulates Neural Response to Others' Gains and Losses

Previous studies have demonstrated that the brain responds differentially to others' gains and losses relative to one's own, moderated by social context factors such as competition and interpersonal relationships. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the neural response to others' outcomes could be modulated by a short-term induced affective preference. We engaged 17 men and 18 women in a social-exchange game, in which two confederates played fairly or unfairly. Both men and women rated the fair player as likable and the unfair players as unlikable. Afterwards, ERPs were recorded while participants observed each confederates playing a gambling game individually. This study examines feedback related negativity (FRN), an ERP component sensitive to negative feedback. ANOVA showed a significant interaction in which females but not males displayed stronger FRNs when observing likable players' outcomes compared to unlikable ones'. However, males did not respond differently under either circumstance. These findings suggest that, at least in females, the neural response is influenced by a short-term induced affective preference.
Explaining System Missing

Missing values are nearly inescapable within social science research. The problem of missing data is especially troubling in longitudinal and intensive longitudinal studies when participants miss an entire collection cycle compared to item nonresponse. The present study examines some of the contextual influences of missed study participation using unobtrusive measures of experience in conjunction with the experience sampling method (ESM). A sample of 66 participants generated 2,940 observations across a 7-day study, yielding a missing response rate of 34%. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of missing the study participation signal based upon study time and physical activity states. Results indicate that the probability of missing collection signals increases throughout the duration of the study and with high levels of physical activity. The strongest predictor of missed participation occurred when participants’ activity monitors were set to “asleep” mode. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future ESM studies are discussed.
Exploiting diversity of margin-based classifiers

An experimental comparison among support vector machines, Ada boost and a recently proposed model for maximizing the margin with feed-forward neural networks has been made on a real-world classification problem, namely text categorization. The results obtained when comparing their agreement on the predictions show that similar performance does not imply similar predictions, suggesting that different models can be combined to obtain better performance. As a consequence of the study, we derived a very simple confidence measure of the prediction of the tested margin-based classifiers. This measure is based on the margin curve. The combination of margin based classifiers with this confidence measure lead to a marked improvement on the performance of the system, when combined with several well-known combination schemes.
Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat in vitro and in seizure models 1

Hill, A. J., Mercier, M. S. , Hill, T. D. , Glyn, S. E. , Jones, N. A. , Yamasaki, Y. , Futamura, T. , Duncan, M. , Stott, C.G. , Stephens, G.J., Williams, C. M. and Whalley, B.J. (2012) Cannabidivarin is anticonvulsant in mouse and rat in vitro and in seizure models. British Journal of Pharmacology, 167 (8). pp. 1629­1642. ISSN 0007­1188 doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476­5381.2012. 02207.x Available at http://centaur.reading. ac.uk/29198/
Race Detection in Two Dimensions

Dynamic data race detection is a program analysis technique for detecting errors provoked by undesired interleavings of concurrent threads. A primary challenge when designing efficient race detection algorithms is to achieve manageable space requirements. State of the art algorithms for unstructured parallelism require Θ(n) space per monitored memory location, where $n$ is the total number of tasks. This is a serious drawback when analyzing programs with many tasks. In contrast, algorithms for programs with a series-parallel (SP) structure require only Θ(1) space. Unfortunately, it is currently poorly understood if there are classes of parallelism beyond SP that can also benefit from and be analyzed with Θ(1) space complexity. In the present work, we show that structures richer than SP graphs, namely that of two-dimensional (2D) lattices, can be analyzed in O(1) space: a) we extend Tarjan's algorithm for finding lowest common ancestors to handle 2D lattices; b) from that extension we derive a serial algorithm for race detection that can analyze arbitrary task graphs having a 2D lattice structure; c) we present a restriction to fork-join that admits precisely the 2D lattices as task graphs (e.g., it can express pipeline parallelism). Our work generalizes prior work on race detection, and aims to provide a deeper understanding of the interplay between structured parallelism and program analysis efficiency.
Multiple Space Filter Design

This paper presents a general approach for obtaining optimal filters as well as filter sequences. A filter is termed optimal when it minimizes a chosen distance measure with respect to an ideal filter. The method allows specification of the metric via simultaneous weighting functions in multiple domains, e.g. the spatio-temporal space and the Fourier space. It is shown how convolution kernels for efficient spatio-temporal filtering can be implemented in practical situations. The method is based on applying a set of jointly optimized filter kernels in sequence. The optimization of sequential filters is performed using a novel recursive optimization technique. A number of optimization examples are given that demonstrate the role of key parameters such as: number of kernel coefficients, number of filters in sequence, spatio-temporal and Fourier space metrics. In multidimensional filtering applications the method potentially outperforms both standard convolution and FFT based approaches by two-digit numbers.
Range image segmentation using an oscillatory network

We use a locally excitatory globally inhibitory oscillator network (LEGION) as a framework for range image segmentation. Each oscillator in the LEGION network has excitatory lateral connections to the oscillators in its neighborhood as well as a connection with a global inhibitor. The lateral connection between two oscillators is established based on the similarity between their feature vectors which consist of the surface normal and curvature at the corresponding pixel locations. The emergent behavior of the LEGION network gives rise to the segmentation result. Unlike other methods, our scheme needs no assumption about the underlying structures in image data and no prior knowledge regarding the number of regions. Experimental results for real range images are presented.
Job Stability Trends, Layoffs, and Transitions to Unemployment: An Empirical Analysis for West Germany

This paper studies the evolution of job stability in West Germany. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we first show that the median elapsed tenure declined for men between 1984 and 1999. Second, estimating proportional Cox hazard models with competing risks and controls for stock sampling, we are able to distinguish the reasons for job separation and different transition states. We show that the decline in the stability of men’s jobs can be attributed partly to an increase in layoffs and partly to an increase in transitions to unemployment. However, these two developments are not significantly related to each other. Some evidence is presented that downsizing of large firms might be responsible for part of the decline in job stability.
Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease with profound heterogeneity in clinical course, neuroradiological appearance of the lesions, involvement of susceptibility gene loci, and response to therapy. These features are supported by experimental evidence, which demonstrates that fundamentally different processes, such as autoimmunity or virus infection, may induce MS‐like inflammatory demyelinating plaques and suggest that MS may be a disease with heterogeneous pathogenetic mechanisms. From a large pathology sample of MS, collected in three international centers, we selected 51 biopsies and 32 autopsies that contained actively demyelinating lesions defined by stringent criteria. The pathology of the lesions was analyzed using a broad spectrum of immunological and neurobiological markers. Four fundamentally different patterns of demyelination were found, defined on the basis of myelin protein loss, the geography and extension of plaques, the patterns of oligodendrocyte destruction, and the immunopathological evidence of complement activation. Two patterns (I and II) showed close similarities to T‐cell–mediated or T‐cell plus antibody–mediated autoimmune encephalomyelitis, respectively. The other patterns (III and IV) were highly suggestive of a primary oligodendrocyte dystrophy, reminiscent of virus‐ or toxin‐induced demyelination rather than autoimmunity. At a given time point of the disease—as reflected in autopsy cases—the patterns of demyelination were heterogeneous between patients, but were homogenous within multiple active lesions from the same patient. This pathogenetic heterogeneity of plaques from different MS patients may have fundamental implications for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease. Ann Neurol 2000;47:707–717
Mechanisms regulating resistance to inhibitors of topoisomerase II

Inhibitors of topoisomerase II (topo II) are clinically effective in the management of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The efficacy of anti-tumor drugs targeting topo II is often limited by resistance and studies with in vitro cell culture models have provided several insights on potential mechanisms. Multidrug transporters that are involved in the efflux and consequently reduced cytotoxicity of diverse anti-tumor agents suggest that they play an important role in resistance to clinically active drugs. However, in clinical trials, modulating the multidrug-resistant phenotype with agents that inhibit the efflux pump has not had an impact. Since reduced drug accumulation per se is insufficient to explain tumor cell resistance to topo II inhibitors several studies have focused on characterizing mechanisms that impact on DNA damage mediated by drugs that target the enzyme. Mammalian topo IIα and topo IIβ isozymes exhibit similar catalytic, but different biologic, activities. Whereas topo IIα is associated with cell division, topo IIβ is involved in differentiation. In addition to site specific mutations that can affect drug-induced topo II-mediated DNA damage, post-translation modification of topo II primarily by phosphorylation can potentially affect enzyme-mediated DNA damage and the downstream cytotoxic response of drugs targeting topo II. Signaling pathways that can affect phosphorylation and changes in intracellular calcium levels/calcium dependent signaling that can regulate site-specific phosphorylation of topoisomerase have an impact on downstream cytotoxic effects of topo II inhibitors. Overall, tumor cell resistance to inhibitors of topo II is a complex process that is orchestrated not only by cellular pharmacokinetics but more importantly by enzymatic alterations that govern the intrinsic drug sensitivity.
Quantum Field Theories on Algebraic Curves

In this talk the main features of the operator formalism for the b − c systems on general algebraic curves developed in refs. [1]–[2] are reviewed. The first part of the talk is an introduction to the language of algebraic curves. Some explicit techniques for the construction of meromorphic tensors are explained. The second part is dedicated to the discussion of the b−c systems. Some new results concerning the concrete representation of the basic operator algebra of the b− c systems and the calculation of divisors on algebraic curves have also been included. 1 Talk delivered by F. Ferrari at the IX Max Born Symposium, Karpacz (PL), September 24–28, 1996. 0
Facilitation of Visual Perception in Head Direction: Visual Attention Modulation Based on Head Direction

People usually see things using frontal viewing, and avoid lateral viewing (or eccentric gaze) where the directions of the head and eyes are largely different. Lateral viewing interferes with attentive visual search performance, probably because the head is directed away from the target and/or because the head and eyes are misaligned. In this study, we examined which of these factors is the primary one for interference by conducting a visual identification experiment where a target was presented in the peripheral visual field. The critical manipulation was the participants’ head direction and fixation position: the head was directed to the fixation location, the target position, or the opposite side of the fixation. The performance was highest when the head was directed to the target position even when there was misalignment of the head and eye, suggesting that visual perception can be influenced by both head direction and fixation position.
Affection and its dimensions: Models contrasted through confirmatory factor analysis of PANAS Schedule

Within self-report measures, one of the most mentioned scales in the scientific literature on emotions is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Taking into account previous research, the present work has a main objective, to replicate in a sample of Argentine university students the previous findings found in other countries about the factorial dimension of PANAS. For this, it was used the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Although in general the results showed that the hierarchical, discriminant and convergent affection properties proposed by Watson (2000) cannot be fully corroborated. Thus, it is evident that the observable variables Alert and Excited have a cross weighting, affecting the overall adjustment of the models. Finally, the trifactorial model of the Affect is the one that presents better indices of adjustments, both for the oblique and orthogonal cases.
What are we Interacting With? : Architectural Reflection for Technical Translucence in Ubiquitous Computing

A number of researchers have observed that ubiquitous applications pose new challenges to usability because their locus of interaction has moved away from the traditional computer desktop and been distributed through the everyday world. We argue that the distributed nature of ubicomp infrastructure also poses interaction challenges. Ubicomp systems are made up of collections of components only some of which the user may have access to or be able to control. We propose a solution to this problem based on architectural reflection, essentially making aspects of a system's architecture visible in its interaction model, an approach we label "technical translucence. " We present a case study in which architectural reflection is used to give insight into and control over privacy in a distributed, location-based system.
Towards the algebraic analysis of hyperlink structures Alexander Fronk August 2002

Structuring media objects such as text, graphics etc. by means of XML is a broadly discussed issue in hypermedia modeling. Thereby, an entire hypermedia document is not only arranged in such a way different developers may interchange data and have easy access to the inner structure of media objects by means of powerful tools available in the XML scene. Moreover, utilizing a given document structure to find new possibilities of linking documents is a major concern. Formal approaches, however, rarely appear in this context. In this paper, we contribute to formally structuring media objects and their linkage, thereby aiming at analyzing hyperlink structures. That is, properties of hyperlinks between media objects underlie a mathematical verification in advance of encoding the concrete hyperdocument. Algebraic specifications serve as a formal model allowing to obtain algebras reflecting hyperlink structures open to analysis.
Autonomous

A acousto-optic modulator (AOM), 288 Aeolian Dust Experiment on Climate (ADEC), 58 airborne laser bathymetry (ALB), 70 Airy disk, 389 American Society for Photogrammetry Engineering and Remote Sensing (ASPRS), 121 analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, 190 antenna gain, 182 Asian Dust LiDAR Observation Network (AD-Net), 58 ASPRS Accuracy Standards for Digital Geospatial Data, 121 asynchronous readout, 290 atmospheric attenuation, 466 Atmospheric Laser Doppler Instrument (ALADIN), 44 auto LiDAR, 452 Autonomous Terminal Homing (ATH), 41 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), 69 avalanche photodiode (APD), 65, 233