Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN OPTICALLY OBSCURED AGN IN A LOW MASS, IRREGULAR DWARF GALAXY: A MULTI-WAVELENGTH ANALYSIS OF J1329+3234

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found ubiquitously in large, bulge-dominated galaxies throughout the local universe, yet little is known about their presence and properties in bulgeless and low-mass galaxies. This is a significant deficiency, since the mass distribution and occupation fraction of nonstellar black holes provide important observational constraints on SMBH seed formation theories and many dwarf galaxies have not undergone major mergers that would erase information on their original black hole population. Using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, we discovered hundreds of bulgeless and dwarf galaxies that display mid-infrared signatures of extremely hot dust highly suggestive of powerful accreting massive black holes, despite having no signatures of black hole activity at optical wavelengths. Here we report, in our first follow-up X-ray investigation of this population, that the irregular dwarf galaxy J132932.41+323417.0 (z = 0.0156) contains a hard, unresolved X-ray source detected by XMM-Newton with luminosity L2–10 keV = 2.4 × 1040 erg s−1, over two orders of magnitude greater than that expected from star formation, strongly suggestive of the presence of an accreting massive black hole. While enhanced X-ray emission and hot dust can be produced in extremely low metallicity environments, J132932.41+323417.0 is not extremely metal poor (≈40% solar). With a stellar mass of 2.0 × 108 M☉, this galaxy is similar in mass to the Small Magellanic Cloud, and is one of the lowest mass galaxies with evidence for a massive nuclear black hole currently known.
Hyaluronan, a major non‐protein glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix in human bone marrow, mediates dexamethasone resistance in multiple myeloma

Summary. Originating from a post‐switch memory B cell or plasma cell compartment in peripheral lymphoid tissues, malignant multiple myeloma (MM) cells accumulate in the bone marrow of patients with MM. In this favourable microenvironment, their growth and survival are dependent upon both soluble factors and physical cell‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐extracellular‐matrix contacts. In this study, hyaluronan (HA), a major non‐protein glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix in mammalian bone marrow, acted as a survival factor against dexamethasone (Dex)‐induced apoptosis in MM cell lines. These effects were mediated through an interleukin 6 (IL‐6) autocrine pathway, involving signal transducers and activators of transcription‐3 phosphorylation on IL‐6‐dependent XG‐1 and XG‐6 cell lines. HA promoted accumulation of IL‐6 in the culture medium without affecting IL‐6 gene expression, suggesting that HA protects, stabilizes and concentrates IL‐6 close to its site of secretion, thus favouring its autocrine activity. In contrast, in the IL‐6‐independent RPMI8226 cell line, HA survival effect was mediated through a gp80‐IL‐6 receptor‐independent pathway, resulting in the upregulation of Bcl‐2 anti‐apoptotic protein expression and nuclear factor‐κB activation. Taken together, these data suggest that HA antagonizes Dex‐induced apoptosis of MM cells by favouring the autocrine activity of different cytokines or growth factors. As HA is a major component of the bone marrow extracellular matrix, these findings support the idea that HA could play a major role in the survival of MM cells in vivo, and could explain why MM cells accumulate in the bone marrow of patients with MM and escape conventional chemotherapy.
Who bears the costs of the corporate income tax? Evidence from state tax changes and accounting data

We examine the incidence of the corporate income tax. Tax incidence theory suggests that corporate income taxation affects the supply of capital, resulting in changes to output, demand for supplies and demand for labor (Harberger 1962). Prior studies suggest that shareholders ultimately bear incidence (Gravelle and Smetters 2006). Based on these studies, we first hypothesize that tax changes affect firms’ equity financing, consistent with taxes affecting the supply of capital. Next, we hypothesize that tax changes affect firms’ investment. Third, we hypothesize that consumers, suppliers, employees in addition to shareholders all bear the incidence of the corporate income tax. We also hypothesize that non-state governments bear incidence because firms will avoid more (less) non-state taxes in response to state tax rate increases (decreases). We use difference-indifferences regressions with state corporate income tax changes as plausibly exogenous shocks to test our hypotheses. We find that equity issuances and investment are both responsive to state tax rate increases, but not decreases. Similarly, we find that consumers, suppliers, employees and nonstate governments bear incidence following state tax rate increases but not decreases. We also perform several cross-sectional tests and find results consistent with our hypotheses. In an additional test, we find that large tax decreases lead to higher wages, suggesting that labor captures some of the benefits of a tax decrease. Our study contributes to the literature on the incidence of the corporate income tax.
Design and performance evaluation of robust supplementary modulation controller for STATCOM for a SMIB system

The work presented in this paper deals with a method for designing a robust damping controller for STATCOM to place all the eigenvalues within a specified contour in the s-plane. The designed controller uses computed Thevenin voltage as input and attempts to make the system robust over wide range of operating conditions. The controller parameters are tuned by using nonlinear constrained optimization technique. The performance of this robust controller has been tested on a Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB) system using nonlinear simulations.
Expression of synapsin III in nerve terminals and neurogenic regions of the adult brain

We have examined the distribution of synapsin III in the adult mouse brain. Expression of synapsin III was observed in puncta throughout the brain, but demonstrated greater regional variation than that of synapsins I or II. This punctate staining is typical for synaptic vesicle proteins located at nerve terminals. These findings are also consistent with the well‐established role for synapsins in regulating neurotransmitter release. However, unexpectedly, synapsin III was also highly expressed in the cell body and processes of immature neurons in neurogenic regions of the adult brain, such as the hippocampal dentate gyrus, rostral migratory stream, and olfactory bulb. Many synapsin III‐positive neurons also reacted with an antibody directed toward polysialylated‐neuronal cell adhesion molecule, a marker of immature, migrating neurons. These results suggest that synapsin III may also play a role in adult neurogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 454:105–114, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling and Mapping Forest Fire Occurrence from Aboveground Carbon Density in Mexico

Understanding the spatial patterns of fire occurrence is key for improved forest fires management, particularly under global change scenarios. Very few studies have attempted to relate satellite-based aboveground biomass maps of moderate spatial resolution to spatial fire occurrence under a variety of climatic and vegetation conditions. This study focuses on modeling and mapping fire occurrence based on fire suppression data from 2005–2015 from aboveground biomass—expressed as aboveground carbon density (AGCD)—for the main ecoregions in Mexico. Our results showed that at each ecoregion, unimodal or humped relationships were found between AGCD and fire occurrence, which might be explained by varying constraints of fuel and climate limitation to fire activity. Weibull equations successfully fitted the fire occurrence distributions from AGCD, with the lowest fit for the desert shrub-dominated north region that had the lowest number of observed fires. The models for predicting fire occurrence from AGCD were significantly different by region, with the exception of the temperate forest in the northwest and northeast regions that could be modeled with a single Weibull model. Our results suggest that AGCD could be used to estimate spatial fire occurrence maps; those estimates could be integrated into operational GIS tools for assistance in fire danger mapping and fire and fuel management decision-making. Further investigation of anthropogenic drivers of fire occurrence and fuel characteristics should be considered for improving the operational spatial planning of fire management. The modeling strategy presented here could be replicated in other countries or regions, based on remote-sensed measurements of aboveground biomass and fire activity or fire suppression records.
Temperature-driven range expansion of an irruptive insect heightened by weakly coevolved plant defenses

Warming climate has increased access of native bark beetles to high-elevation pines that historically received only intermittent exposure to these tree-killing herbivores. Here we show that a dominant, relatively naïve, high-elevation species, whitebark pine, has inferior defenses against mountain pine beetle compared with its historical lower-elevation host, lodgepole pine. Lodgepole pines respond by exuding more resin and accumulating higher concentrations of toxic monoterpenes than whitebark pine, where they co-occur. Furthermore, the chemical composition of whitebark pine appears less able to inhibit the pheromonal communication beetles use to jointly overcome tree defenses. Despite whitebark pine’s inferior defenses, beetles were more likely to attack their historical host in mixed stands. This finding suggests there has been insufficient sustained contact for beetles to alter their complex behavioral mechanisms driving host preference. In no-choice assays, however, beetles readily entered and tunneled in both hosts equally, and in stands containing less lodgepole pine, attacks on whitebark pines increased. High-elevation trees in pure stands may thus be particularly vulnerable to temperature-driven range expansions. Predators and competitors were more attracted to volatiles from herbivores attacking their historical host, further increasing risk in less coevolved systems. Our results suggest cold temperatures provided a sufficient barrier against herbivores for high-elevation trees to allocate resources to other physiological processes besides defense. Changing climate may reduce the viability of that evolutionary strategy, and the life histories of high-elevation trees seem unlikely to foster rapid counter adaptation. Consequences extend from reduced food supplies for endangered grizzly bears to altered landscape and hydrological processes.
An Improved Hybrid MoM/FDTD Technique for MRI RF Coils Modeling Using Huygen's Equivalent Surface Method

In this work, an improved hybrid MoM/FDTD algorithm for modeling low to ultra high field MRI RF coil/sample interactions has been proposed. In our previous hybrid MoM/FDTD method, the accuracy of modeling MRI RF coils is generally hindered by two major issues, staircasing errors and rough approximation of the coil current distortions by electromagnetic reflections from sample. In view of this, a Huygen's equivalent surface method has been proposed to effectively bridge MoM and FDTD. In the improved hybrid MoM/FDTD algorithm, staircasing errors are eliminated, and most importantly the complex coil/tissue interactions are explicitly accounted for. The accuracy of the improved hybrid MoM/FDTD method is numerically verified with a well established hybrid Green function/MoM solution and also experimentally underpinned with MR images obtained using a prototype rotary phased array head coil.
Description, modélisation et détection automatique des chaînes de référence (DEMOCRAT)

Finance par l’ANR dans le cadre de l’appel a projets generique 2015, defi 8 « Societes innovantes, integrantes et adaptative », le projet DEMOCRAT fait suite a un projet PEPS INS2I-INSHS (CNRS) intitule MC4 (« Modelisation Contrastive et Computationnelle des Chaines de Coreference »). Reunissant comme ce dernier des chercheurs du Lattice, d’ICAR et de LiLPa, DEMOCRAT vise a developper les recherches sur la langue et la structuration textuelle du francais via l’analyse detaillee et contrastive des chaines de reference (instanciations successives d’une meme entite) dans un corpus diachronique de textes ecrits entre le 9eme et le 21eme siecle, avec des genres textuels varies. Le projet mettra a disposition de la communaute scientifique : (i) un modele integre et discursif de la reference et de la composition des chaines de reference ; (ii) un corpus annote qui puisse servir de corpus de reference et de corpus d’apprentissage pour les campagnes d’evaluation internationales portant sur la coreference ; (iii) un outil d’annotation, d’aide a l’annotation et de manipulation des donnees annotees, et (iv) un systeme de detection automatique des coreferences. Dans cet article de presentation generale du projet, nous presentons les objectifs et les resultats attendus, apres un descriptif des activites du laboratoire Lattice (laboratoire porteur du projet).
Extensional design for noise-tolerate MRF standard cells via global mapping

As CMOS devices scaling down according to the Moore' law, the reliability and stability of circuit become the main challenge for the chip designs in low supply voltage. Markov Random field (MRF) based design methodology presents a new approach to establish high noise-immune structure for low-power circuit design from the viewpoint of energy. We use global mapping to synthesize all two-input functions and realize the MRF based circuits, then the final structures our provided with same complexity, which does not depend on the inside logic operations any more, but the number of the input-signal instead, which inspires us to extend the MRF standard cells. Our proposed structures keep the performance of fault-tolerance and achieve higher efficiency for energy, time and area compared with that of traditional MRF-circuits. The extensional basic units also can beneficial for saving area in multi-level MRF-circuit.
Environmental Control of Larval Diapause in the Blow Fly, Lucilia sericata

Lucilia sericata shows a facultative diapause in the third, and final larval, instar after the cessation of feeding. The effects of photoperiod and temperature on the induction and duration of diapause were examined in parental (G0) and current (G1) generations. Insects of the G0 generation were reared under four combinations of conditions, involving two photoperiods, LD 16:8 and LD 12:12, and two temperatures, 25 and 20 °C. The G1 generation, present in the eggs laid by these insects, were transferred to 10 combinations of conditions, involving the above two photoperiods and five temperatures, 25, 20, 17.5, 15 and 12.5 °C. In the G1 generation, the time from hatching to cessation of feeding was significantly affected by temperature only, whereas the induction of diapause was influenced by both photoperiod and temperature experienced by the G0 as well as the G1 generation. Short-day and low-temperature conditions in the G0 and in the G1 generation had diapause-inducing effects. In this species, it is likely that, for purposes of acquiring reliable seasonal information, induction of diapause is sensitive to environmental factors both in the G0 and G1 generations. The function of high-intensity diapause, induced by short-day conditions and high temperature in the parental generation, appeared to be the prevention of accidental pupariation in warm autumn weather.
A Basic Study of Electrical Variable Transmission and Its Application in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

A novel electromechanical converter - electrical variable transmission (EVT) is introduced. EVT comprises two concentric induction motors and two inverters and is suitable for hybrid electric vehicles. Firstly, an elementary EVT model is given. Next, the operation modes in an EVT-equipped vehicle are analyzed, and the prototype machine and the test bench with results analysis are presented. It is concluded that EVT can achieve the function of continuously variable transmission and starter and generator which will optimize the operation of internal combustion engine and enhance vehicle performance
An Interlacing Result on Normalized Laplacians

Given a graph G, the normalized Laplacian associated with the graph G, denoted ${\cal L}$(G), was introduced by F. R. K. Chung and has been intensively studied in the last 10 years. For a k-regular graph G, the normalized Laplacian ${\cal L}$ (G) and the standard Laplacian matrix L(G) satisfy L(G) = k {\cal L} (G), and hence they have the same eigenvectors and their eigenvalues are directly related. However, for an irregular graph G, ${\cal L} (G) and L(G) behave quite differently, and the normalized Laplacian seems to be more natural. In this paper, Cauchy interlacing-type properties of the normalized Laplacian are investigated, and the following result is established. Let G be a graph, and let H = G - e, where e is an edge of G. Let $\lambda_1\geq \lambda_2 \geq \cdots \geq \lambda_{n}=0$ be the eigenvalues of ${\cal L}(G)$, and let $\theta_1\geq \theta_2 \geq \cdots \geq \theta_{n}$ be the eigenvalues of ${\cal L}(H)$. Then, $\lambda_{k-1} \geq \theta_{k}\geq \lambda_{k+1}$ for each k = 1, 2, 3, \dots, n, where $\lambda_{0} =2$ and $\lambda_{n+1}=0$. Applications are given for eigenvalues of graphs obtained from special graphs by adding or deleting a few edges. A short proof is given of the result that $G$ is a graph with each component a nontrivial bipartite graph if and only if $2-\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of ${\cal L}(G)$ for each eigenvalue $\lambda$ of ${\cal L }(G)$.
Disruptions in Physical and Neurocognitive Wellness after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Traumatic knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprains detrimentally impact long-term health by initiating a cycle of chronic pain, inactivity, and disability. Neural activity alterations have been suggested as a large contributor to numerous aspects of reduced physical function including but not limited to persistent quadriceps strength deficits, aberrant biomechanical movement patterns and reduced self-reported function after ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Emerging evidence strongly points to the notion that psychological deficits also hinder recovery. Notably, neural impairments observed following ACLR may initiate psychological dysfunction, a process defined as learned helplessness (LH). This project will innovatively investigate the constructs of commonly affected after ACLR, including constructs of quadriceps strength, biomechanics, neural activity and psychological function, specifically focusing on establishing LH in this cohort. The central tenet of this work will establish the framework that after ACL injury and ACLR, patients experience alterations in afferent neural drive due to loss of mechanoreception, pain, and swelling, leading to subsequent alterations in central nervous system neural activity. This change in neural activity can either acutely foster an environment of uncontrollability promoting LH or persist, leading to a cyclical pattern of muscle inhibition and weakness, altered joint biomechanics, depressed self-reported and psychological function that generates the construct of LH in these patients; conversely, the change in neural activity can be restored, placing Julie Parkinson BurlandUniversity of Connecticut, 2019 patients on the path to more positive outcomes. The negative psychological responses that ensue likely can further exacerbate the negative neural responses, creating a cyclical pattern that results in decreased overall quality of life in these patients. A natural extension of our need to comprehensively care for the patient after ACLR is to firstly continue to further understand the relationship between common post-operative outcomes and secondly to more thoroughly consider psychological health during ACL rehabilitation and to recognize LH as a potential barrier to successful recovery. By elucidating these relationships, we can begin to develop future evidence-based interventions capable of promoting both physical and psychological health and improved long-term quality of life.
Adjacent common centroid placement for analog IC layout design

To improve immunity against process gradients, common centroid constraint, in which every pair of elements should be placed symmetrically with respect to a common center point, is widely used. Several methods to obtain a good placement satisfying the constraint by using sequence-pair and Simulated Annealing were proposed. However, cells in a common centroid group should be placed close to the common center point of the group. In this paper, we propose methods which use mathematical-programming and can place cells in each group close to the common center point, and check the effectiveness of the methods by experimental comparisons.
Recurrent multistate outbreak of Salmonella Newport associated with tomatoes from contaminated fields, 2005

SUMMARY Salmonella Newport causes more than an estimated 100 000 infections annually in the United States. In 2002, tomatoes grown and packed on the eastern shore of Virginia contaminated with a pan-susceptible S. Newport strain caused illness in 510 patients in 26 states. In July–November 2005, the same strain caused illness in at least 72 patients in 16 states. We conducted a case-control study during the 2005 outbreak, enrolling 29 cases and 140 matched neighbourhood controls. Infection was associated with eating tomatoes (matched odds ratio 9·7, 95% confidence interval 3·3–34·9). Tomatoes were traced back to the eastern shore of Virginia, where the outbreak strain was isolated from pond water used to irrigate tomato fields. Two multistate outbreaks caused by one rare strain, and identification of that strain in irrigation ponds 2 years apart, suggest persistent contamination of tomato fields. Further efforts are needed to prevent produce contamination on farms and throughout the food supply chain.
Noun Phrase Chunking and Categorization for Authoring Aids

Effective authoring aids, whether for novice, second-language, or experienced writers, require linguistic knowledge. With respect to depth of analysis, authoring aids that aim to support revising and editing go beyond POS-tagging but cannot work on complete, mostly well-formed sentences to perform deep syntactic analysis, since a text undergoing revision is in a constant state of flux. In order to cope with incomplete and changing text, authoring aids for revising and editing thus have to use shallow analyses, which are fast and robust. In this paper, we discuss noun phrase chunking for German as resource for language-aware editing functions as developed in the LingURed project. We will identify requirements for resources with respect to availability, interactivity, performance and quality of results. From our experiments we also provide some information concerning ambiguity of German noun phrases.
Rapid Peptide Turnover and Inefficient Presentation of Exogenous Antigen Critically Limit the Activation of Self-Reactive CTL by Dendritic Cells1

This study evaluated to what extent presentation of exogenously acquired self-Ags via MHC class I molecules on DC might contribute to the activation of self-reactive CTL and subsequent development of autoimmune disease. We show here by using the rat insulin promotor lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein model of autoimmune diabetes that the activation of self-reactive CTL by DC after uptake of exogenous Ag is very limited, first by the short half-life of MHC class I-associated peptides on DC in vitro and in vivo, and second by the rather inefficient MHC class I presentation of cell-associated self-Ags by DC. These two mechanisms are probably crucial in establishing high thresholds for the induction of self-reactive CTL that prevent autoimmune sequelae after release of sequestered and previously immunologically ignored tissue Ags.