Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and Bisection 1 Running Head: Temporal Bisection and Identification Identification and Bisection of Temporal Durations and Tone Frequencies: Common Models for Temporal and Non-temporal Stimuli Identification and Bisection of Temporal Durations and Tone Frequencies: Common Models for T

This paper is made available online in accordance with publisher policies. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item and our policy information available from the repository home page for further information. To see the final version of this paper please visit the publisher's website. Access to the published version may require a subscription. bisection of temporal durations and tone frequencies: Common models for temporal and non-temporal stimuli. Abstract Two experiments examined identification and bisection of tones varying in temporal duration (Experiment 1) or frequency (Experiment 2). Absolute identification of both durations and frequencies was influenced by prior stimuli and by stimulus distribution. Stimulus distribution influenced bisection for both stimulus types consistently, more positively skewed distributions producing lower bisection points. The effect of distribution was greater when the ratio of the largest to smallest stimulus magnitude was greater. A simple mathematical model, Temporal Range Frequency Theory, is applied. It is concluded that (a) similar principles describe identification of temporal durations and other stimulus dimensions, and (b) shifts in temporal bisection point can be understood in terms of psychophysical principles independently developed in non-temporal domains, such as Parducci s (1965, Psychological Review) Range Frequency Theory. This paper addresses two questions. At a general level, our concern is with whether human identification and discrimination of short temporal durations can be described in terms of the same principles that are known to characterise identification and discrimination of other simple perceptual stimuli (e.g., weights, loudnesses, or line lengths). Is a unified account possible? Recent models of timing have been developed independently from earlier traditions of modeling perceptual identification and discrimination; here in contrast we argue that similar principles may apply in both cases. A second, more specific, issue that we address concerns shifts in the temporal bisection point (the duration that is equally likely to be judged the same as the shortest or longest magnitude in a stimulus set). Several models of timing have proposed accounts of bisection point shifts that are specific to temporal processing; here we argue that a more general account of bisection point shifts can be given in terms of a model developed outside the temporal domain: Range Frequency Theory (RFT; 1995). The predictions of this claim are explored with a simple mathematical model, which we term Temporal Range Frequency Theory, and tested in two experiments. Models of timing. Over the …
A Content Analysis of Serena Williams and Angelique Kerber’s Racial and Sexist Microagressions

The primary purpose of this exploratory study was to determine if microaggressions regularly found in sport coverage were present in stories about two elite female tennis players. Microaggressions are subtle statements that unconsciously communicate denigrating messages to female athletes. In recent years, qualitative studies have introduced the types of microaggressions that female athletes experience. In the present study, a content analysis of 643 news stories was conducted in order to provide a quantitative measure of the frequency in which microaggressions appear in news stories about female athletes. Serena Williams, ranked number two in the list of top female tennis players, was selected because several qualitative studies show this female athlete of color is often the victim of racial slurs and epitaphs in news stories, as well as, news reports that feature insults to her physical appearance and body type. Angelique Kerber, the number one ranked female tennis player was selected in order to determine if an athlete of color receives more micro-aggresions than a top-ranked White female athlete. Data show that Serena Williams experienced more microaggresive themes related to gender roles and racial insults than Angelique Kerber (p < 0.0000). It is concluded that future research should explore in greater depth the microagression aimed at Black female athletes in all levels of sports and their participation.
Identification of Novel Rosavirus Species That Infects Diverse Rodent Species and Causes Multisystemic Dissemination in Mouse Model

While novel picornaviruses are being discovered in rodents, their host range and pathogenicity are largely unknown. We identified two novel picornaviruses, rosavirus B from the street rat, Norway rat, and rosavirus C from five different wild rat species (chestnut spiny rat, greater bandicoot rat, Indochinese forest rat, roof rat and Coxing's white-bellied rat) in China. Analysis of 13 complete genome sequences showed that “Rosavirus B” and “Rosavirus C” represent two potentially novel picornavirus species infecting different rodents. Though being most closely related to rosavirus A, rosavirus B and C possessed distinct protease cleavage sites and variations in Yn-Xm-AUG sequence in 5’UTR and myristylation site in VP4. Anti-rosavirus B VP1 antibodies were detected in Norway rats, whereas anti-rosavirus C VP1 and neutralizing antibodies were detected in Indochinese forest rats and Coxing's white-bellied rats. While the highest prevalence was observed in Coxing's white-bellied rats by RT-PCR, the detection of rosavirus C from different rat species suggests potential interspecies transmission. Rosavirus C isolated from 3T3 cells causes multisystemic diseases in a mouse model, with high viral loads and positive viral antigen expression in organs of infected mice after oral or intracerebral inoculation. Histological examination revealed alveolar fluid exudation, interstitial infiltration, alveolar fluid exudate and wall thickening in lungs, and hepatocyte degeneration and lymphocytic/monocytic inflammatory infiltrates with giant cell formation in liver sections of sacrificed mice. Since rosavirus A2 has been detected in fecal samples of children, further studies should elucidate the pathogenicity and emergence potential of different rosaviruses.
Biomechanical analysis of induced mental stress in laparoscopy surgical training by surface Electromyography

Laparoscopy is a very popular surgical technique for abdominal operations. Due to the difficulties in using the laparoscopes, the surgeons need an extensive training to acquire the right locomotive skill and perform operations. Usually, the training is performed with dry boxes with simple and repetitive exercises, like the peg-board, in which a trainee uses the instruments to move sequentially a set of rubber O rings positioned inside pegs. However, even if the dry box is a good method to train the dexterity of a trainee, it does not include the mental stress, that could be significant during the operation in the actual Operating Room (OR). In this paper we present the comparison results during a peg-board training without and with induced mental stress. In particular, the stress has been introduced by a proposed protocol adaptively setting a countdown with noisy alarm for the last 60s of the exercise. We compared the results by a biomechanical analysis using surface Electromyography, showing that the induced stress situation revealed a significant larger activation of the arms and shoulders muscles.
A mother gorilla’s variable use of touch to guide her infant

This chapter examines how gestures of the great apes are created from instrumental actions. Ape gestures are generally believed to form through phylogenetic or ontogenetic ritualization, or – at least in humans – “iconic” gestures are created spontaneously during online interaction. These alternatives are evaluated with respect to data on the tactile pushes used by a mother gorilla to direct her infant around their enclosure. Analysis shows that the pushes exhibit variability in form and force in ways that are tuned to the present physical and social context, indicating the underlying activation of afforded instrumental actions and thus iconic processes in the creation of these gestures, opposed to ritualization. We discuss how this variability reveals continuity between gesture and action that is compatible with recent simulation-based accounts of iconic gesture.
Reusing and converting code clones to aspects - An algorithmic approach

In this research we have developed an algorithmic approach to convert source code clones to aspects. Code cloning is the process of duplicating code or creating replication of code fragments. In this work, we use an existing code-clone detection tool to identify code clones in a source code. Secondly, we design algorithms to convert the code clones into aspects and do aspect composition with the original source code. Thirdly, we implement a prototype based on the algorithms. Fourthly, we carry out a performance analysis on the aspects composed source code and our analysis shows that the aspect composed code performs as well as the original code and even better in terms of execution times.
Pembentukan Karakter Melalui Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning

This paper examines how Build the characters towrd the complex problems. Each educational institution needs to provide an alternative solution to to solve the problems. One of the alternatives in bulding the character is by applying the strategy of problem based learning. It is expected that learners will have noble character such as religious, responsibility, hard work, independent, democratic, tolerant, concerned about environment and social religion, love of homeland and nationalisme.
Partwise Cross-Parameterization via Nonregular Convex Hull Domains

In this paper, we propose a novel partwise framework for cross-parameterization between 3D mesh models. Unlike most existing methods that use regular parameterization domains, our framework uses nonregular approximation domains to build the cross-parameterization. Once the nonregular approximation domains are constructed for 3D models, different (and complex) input shapes are transformed into similar (and simple) shapes, thus facilitating the cross-parameterization process. Specifically, a novel nonregular domain, the convex hull, is adopted to build shape correspondence. We first construct convex hulls for each part of the segmented model, and then adopt our convex-hull cross-parameterization method to generate compatible meshes. Our method exploits properties of the convex hull, e.g., good approximation ability and linear convex representation for interior vertices. After building an initial cross-parameterization via convex-hull domains, we use compatible remeshing algorithms to achieve an accurate approximation of the target geometry and to ensure a complete surface matching. Experimental results show that the compatible meshes constructed are well suited for shape blending and other geometric applications.
Applying the Risk of Bias Tool in a Systematic Review of Combination Long-Acting Beta-Agonists and Inhaled Corticosteroids for Persistent Asthma

Background The Risk of Bias (RoB) tool is used to assess internal validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our objectives were to: 1) evaluate inter-rater agreement of the RoB tool; 2) determine the time to access supplemental study information; 3) compare the RoB tool with the Jadad scale and Schulz allocation concealment (AC); and 4) examine the relationship between RoB and effect estimates. Methods We conducted a systematic review of long-acting beta agonists (LABA) combined with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for adults with persistent asthma. Two reviewers independently assessed 107 trials using RoB, Jadad, and AC. One reviewer searched for study protocols. We assessed inter-rater agreement using weighted Kappa (κ) and the correlation between tools using Kendall's Tau (τ). Mean differences in effect sizes for RCTs with different RoB were calculated using inverse variance method and random effects model. Results Trials had good Jadad scores (median 4, IQR 3-4); however, 85% had unclear AC and 87% high RoB. The factor that most influenced RoB was the potential inappropriate influence of study sponsors (95% industry funded). Agreement on RoB domains was fair (κ = 0.40) to almost perfect (κ = 0.86), and moderate for overall RoB (κ = 0.41). Median time to complete RoB assessments was 21 minutes (IQR 14-27) and 12 minutes (IQR 9-16) to search for protocols. Protocols were identified for 5/42 studies (12%); in 3 cases the assessment of selective outcome reporting changed. There was low correlation between overall RoB vs. Jadad (τ = 0.04, p = 0.3) and AC (τ = −0.02, p = 0.7). Analyses comparing effect estimates and risk showed no important patterns. Conclusions Inter-rater agreement on RoB assessments was better than previously reported suggesting that review-specific guidelines are important. The correlation between RoB and Jadad was low suggesting measurement of different constructs (risk of bias vs. quality of reporting). The extensive involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in this LABA/ICS research should raise concerns about potential overestimates of treatment effects.
DIGITAL PREOPERATIVE PLANNING FOR LONG-BONE FRACTURES

Nowadays, fracture management is an essential part of everyday clinical decisionmaking prior to any fracture-related surgery. The way to carry out such preoperative planning involves tracing the bones over paper using the X-Rays, and then placing the resulting drawings together as if reconstructing the fractured bones. This action, although proven effective, is quite rudimentary and time consuming. In recent years, a significant effort has been dedicated to the building of computer systems for aiding the preoperative planning of fracture-related surgeries. This paper describes a new CAOS (Computer Aided Orthopedic Surgery) system for fractures, which considerably reduces the time required for the surgeon to plan a surgery. While planning can often take up to 25 minutes, the described system can reduce this time to a maximum of 5 minutes. The system also includes a database of fracture types and a database of implants.
WORD­MATCHING METHOD BASED ON THE PROJECTION OF THE VOTING MATRIX

A new word­matching method is proposed that is able to achieve matching speedily and correctly even in the presence of noise at the beginning, end or within the word. This method can use the discriminant function in order to choose the most fitting word from the database. These functions take into consideration factors such as the character recognition rate and word segmentation rate. In addition, the method can determine the difference in noise between the word in the database (reference word) and the word extracted from the character line and recognized (character­recognition result)
Overexpression of eNOS in NTS Causes Hypotension and Bradycardia In Vivo

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the brain in the control of blood pressure and the sympathetic nervous system is debated. This study examined the effect of overexpression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) on blood pressure in conscious rats. Adenovirus vectors encoding either eNOS (AdeNOS) or &bgr;-galactosidase were transfected into the NTS in vivo. In the AdeNOS-treated rats, the local expression of eNOS in the NTS was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis for the eNOS protein and by increased production of nitrite/nitrate in the NTS measured by in vivo microdialysis. Blood pressure and heart rate, monitored by the use of a radiotelemetry system in a conscious state, were significantly decreased in the AdeNOS-treated group at day 5 to day 10 after the gene transfer. Urinary norepinephrine excretion also was decreased at day 7 after the gene transfer in the AdeNOS-treated group. Our results indicate that overexpression of eNOS in the NTS decreases blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rats.
Accelerated Recovery of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential by GSK-3β Inactivation Affords Cardiomyocytes Protection from Oxidant-Induced Necrosis

Loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) is known to be closely linked to cell death by various insults. However, whether acceleration of the ΔΨm recovery process prevents cell necrosis remains unclear. Here we examined the hypothesis that facilitated recovery of ΔΨm contributes to cytoprotection afforded by activation of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ (mKATP) channel or inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). ΔΨm of H9c2 cells was determined by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE) before or after 1-h exposure to antimycin A (AA), an inducer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production at complex III. Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) was determined by mitochondrial loading of calcein. AA reduced ΔΨm to 15±1% of the baseline and induced calcein leak from mitochondria. ΔΨm was recovered to 51±3% of the baseline and calcein-loadable mitochondria was 6±1% of the control at 1 h after washout of AA. mKATP channel openers improved the ΔΨm recovery and mitochondrial calcein to 73±2% and 30±7%, respectively, without change in ΔΨm during AA treatment. Activation of the mKATP channel induced inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β and suppressed ROS production, LDH release and apoptosis after AA washout. Knockdown of GSK-3β and pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3β mimicked the effects of mKATP channel activation. ROS scavengers administered at the time of AA removal also improved recovery of ΔΨm. These results indicate that inactivation of GSK-3β directly or indirectly by mKATP channel activation facilitates recovery of ΔΨm by suppressing ROS production and mPTP opening, leading to cytoprotection from oxidant stress-induced cell death.
Delayed Genz–Keister Sequences-Based Sparse-Grid Quadrature Nonlinear Filter With Application to Target Tracking

An improved quadrature nonlinear filter named delayed Genz-Keister sequences-based sparse-grid quadrature filter (DGKSGQF) is developed for the target tracking problems. The filter changes the non-nested Gaussian quadrature points of the quadrature filters to the nested Genz-Keister points for selecting the unvariate points, which are the basis point sets extended to form a multidimensional grid using the sparse-grid theory. As a result, the points used for lower accuracy levels DGKSGQF can be reused for any higher accuracy level. Thus, it can further reduce the number of total points used for the conventional Gauss-Hermite SGQF without sacrificing performance. The proposed filter is applied to the reentry ballistic target tracking problem. The simulation results show that the DGKSGQF achieves higher accuracy than the EKF and the UKF. In addition, it can more flexibly control the performance in terms of the number of points and accuracy level.
Evaluation method of word embedding by roots and affixes

Word embedding has been shown to be remarkably effective in a lot of Natural Language Processing tasks. However, existing models still have a couple of limitations in interpreting the dimensions of word vector. In this paper, we provide a new approach---roots and affixes model(RAAM)---to interpret it from the intrinsic structures of natural language. Also it can be used as an evaluation measure of the quality of word embedding. We introduce the information entropy into our model and divide the dimensions into two categories, just like roots and affixes in lexical semantics. Then considering each category as a whole rather than individually. We experimented with English Wikipedia corpus. Our result show that there is a negative linear relation between the two attributes and a high positive correlation between our model and downstream semantic evaluation tasks.
Speak along without the song: what promotes fluency in people with aphasia?

ABSTRACT Background: Melodic intonation therapy (MIT) is a widely used treatment for nonfluent aphasia that builds upon a number of musical elements in order to ultimately improve generative language. These include intoning syllables on different pitches, using a metrically regular speech rhythm, and the clinician and patient producing phrases in unison. Studies have investigated which of these musical elements might be the most clinically facilitating, but important differences in methodology and results across studies leave some questions unanswered. In particular, the relative roles of intoning and unison production remain unclear. Aims: The present study examined these elements in isolation and in combination. Methods & Procedures: Twelve people with aphasia (PWA) and 10 control participants sang and rhythmically spoke unfamiliar song lyrics in unison with a recording and by themselves. A subset of eight of the PWA returned for post-hoc testing to evaluate singing familiar lyrics from memory, and propositional speech. Across all tasks, productions were evaluated for syllable accuracy. Outcomes & Results: On average, PWA benefited from unison over solo production and from rhythmic speech over singing when repeating unfamiliar lyrics. They did show a benefit of singing when producing familiar lyrics from memory, but this post-hoc task did not control for syllable duration or task order. Within-group correlations indicated that those with more severe apraxia of speech, worse single-word auditory comprehension, and poorer repetition ability benefited the most from unison production. Those with better sentence-level auditory comprehension and poorer performance on a perceptual rhythm test tended to benefit more from singing compared to rhythmically speaking unfamiliar lyrics. Conclusions: Unison production is an important element for promoting fluency in many PWA, and perhaps especially for those for whom MIT is considered an appropriate treatment option. However, some candidates for MIT are hindered by the inclusion of even moderately complex melodic information, indicating that this factor should be considered when customizing or adapting the therapy. Finally, PWA who show a striking improvement in fluency when singing familiar songs will not necessarily benefit from singing when the aim is to produce new lyrics or propositional content.
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in Single Columns of Rat Somatosensory Cortex

Interneurons in layers 2/3 are excited by pyramidal cells within the same layer (Reyes et al., 1998; Gupta et al., 2000), but little is known about translaminar innervation of these interneurons by spiny neurons in the main cortical input layer 4 (L4). Here, we investigated (1) how efficiently L4 spiny neurons excite L2/3 interneurons via monosynaptic connections, (2) whether glutamate release from axon terminals of L4 spiny neurons depends on the identity of the postsynaptic interneuron, and (3) how L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections compare with L4-to-L2/3 pyramidal neuron connections. We recorded from pairs of L4 spiny neurons and L2/3 interneurons in acute slices of rat barrel cortex of postnatal day 20 (P20) to P29 rats. The L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections had an average unitary EPSP of 1.2 ± 1.1 mV. We found an average of 2.3 ± 0.8 contacts per connection, and the L4-to-L2/3 interneuron innervation domains were mostly column restricted. Unitary EPSP amplitudes and paired-pulse ratios in the L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections depended on the “group” of the postsynaptic interneuron. Averaged over all L4-to-L2/3 interneuron connections, unitary EPSP amplitudes were 1.8-fold higher than in the translaminar L4-to-L2/3 pyramidal cell connections. Our results suggest that L4 spiny neurons may more efficiently recruit L2/3 interneurons than L2/3 pyramidal neurons, and that glutamate release from translaminar boutons of L4 spiny neuron axons is target cell specific.