Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Membrane currents in isolated frog nerve fibre under voltage clamp conditions

With the voltage clamp technique it has been found that the membrane of the squid giant nerve fibre shows a sequence of specific changes in sodium and potassium conductances when the membrane is depolarized (Hodgkin & Huxley, 1952a-d; Hodgkin, Huxley & Katz, 1952). A step depolarization is associated with a rapid transient increase in sodium conductance followed by a slower but lasting increase in potassium conductance. The magnitudes and the rates of change of these permeability changes vary continuously with the membrane potential so that they are larger and more rapid at large cathodal polarizations than at small. The mechanism underlying these permeability changes is mainly unknown, but in further experiments with the voltage clamp technique it was found that the conductance-membrane potential (gNs-V and 9E-V) curves are shifted along the voltage axis when the external calcium concentration is altered (Frankenhaeuser & Hodgkin, 1957). It is not clear to what extent this analysis may be applied to the myelinated nerve fibre. The resting potential is mainly determined by the external potassium concentration, whereas the action potential changes with the external sodium concentration, as it would if the membrane were mainly permeable to sodium at the peak of the action potential (Huxley & Staimpfli, 1951). The effect of changing the external calcium concentration is very much that which is expected on the basis of the squid experiments (Frankenhaeuser, 1957 b). This supports the view that specifit changes in sodium and potassium conductances are the basis for activity in myelinated nerve as they are in squid nerve. On the other hand, from experiments where an action potential is interrupted with an anodal pulse, Tasaki (1956) concludes: 'An unsuccessfu-l attempt was made to interpret these experimental results in terms ofthe sodium theory of nerve excitation', referring to the squid voltage clamp analysis.
New plant‐origin food allergens

Plant‐origin foods, especially nuts and seeds, are the most important sources of food allergic reactions. An important characteristic is the quantitative and qualitative variability of their content in allergenic molecules, depending on plant growth, ripening, environmental stresses or industrial processing. In this review we will focus on newly identified allergens. Recent research have characterized and extensively studied their biochemistry, structure and immunological properties.
Crystal structure of YIGZ, a conserved hypothetical protein from Escherichia coli k12 with a novel fold

Introduction. The yigZ gene from Escherichia coli K12 is widely conserved among thermophiles, archaea, and pathogens including Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhimurium. While the function for this protein remains uncharacterized, domain conservation patterns suggest that the yigZ gene product plays an indispensable function, making it a possible antimicrobial drug target. The closest mammalian homologue of yigZ is the gene impact (Accession ID: AAG35736). Mouse impact is an imprinted gene but little else is known of its function. Imprinted genes are expressed in a parent-of-origindependent manner, and generally have roles in differentiation, development, and regulation of cell proliferation. Aberrations in imprinted genes or their regulation have been implicated in various human diseases including Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome, diabetes mellitus, bipolar affective disorder, and some malignant tumors. Knowledge of the YIGZ protein structure provides a potential template to model the structure of the IMPACT protein and provide clues regarding biochemical function. This report describes the x-ray structure determination of YIGZ to 2.8 Å resolution. Structural homology provides some insights into the function of this protein and reveals a novel polypeptide chain fold.
Remote Transmitter Tracking with Raytraced Fingerprint Database

This paper investigates a method of tracking remote transmitters using a fingerprint localization database generated by ray tracing. OpenStreetMap building data is used to model the area of interest, and a database of received signal strength (RSS), time-difference of arrival (TDOA), and angle of arrival (AOA) fingerprints is generated virtually along a grid. These fingerprints are then used to estimate the origin of incoming signals. Simulation of this method using three receivers and a 10m square grid demonstrates a localization accuracy within 15m.
Conformational change of the actomyosin complex drives the multiple stepping movement

Actin-myosin (actomyosin) generates mechanical force by consuming ATP molecules. We apply the energy landscape perspective to address a controversial issue as to whether the myosin head moves with multiple steps after a single ATP hydrolysis or only a single mechanical event of the lever-arm swinging follows a single ATP hydrolysis. Here we propose a theoretical model in which the refolding of the partially unfolded actomyosin complex and the movement of the myosin head along the actin filament are coupled. A single ATP hydrolysis is followed by the formation of a high free-energy partially unfolded actomyosin complex, which then gradually refolds with a concomitant multiple stepping movement on the way to the lowest free-energy rigor state. The model quantitatively explains the single-molecular observation of the multiple stepping movement and is consistent with structural observations of the disorder in the actomyosin-binding process. The model also explains the observed variety in dwell time before each step, which is not accounted for by previous models, such as the lever-arm or ratchet models.
Water Memory-Information containing Muscle Extremely High Energy Frequency : Is the Therapeutic Problem of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome solved ?

Introduction. As I wrote formerly (1), till July 1st, 2011, water memory was an argument of large discussion, really a conjecture. In fact, nobody has ever proved that water is able of retaining a memory (I use also the term INFORMATION) of substances dissolved in it once to arbitrary dilution. In the referred paper, precise information on utilizing Water Memory-Infor mation was provided. While some studies, including Benveniste’s, reporte d this effect, double-blind replications of the experiments involved have failed to reproduce the r esults, and the concept is not accepted by the scientific community. On the contrary, I illustrated the CLINICAL, Quantu m Biophysical Semeiotic Demonstration of Water Memory-Information, curing my gastroenterocol itis due to Gram-positive bacteria, I had been suffering from for 4 days (1). Importantly, every my experimental evidence can be bedside reproduced easily and quickly, at the condition that scientists, who want reproduce it, k now the quantum biophysical semeiotic method!
Comparison of the analytical performance of electrophoresis microchannels fabricated in PDMS, glass, and polyester‐toner

This paper compares the analytical performance of microchannels fabricated in PDMS, glass, and polyester‐toner for electrophoretic separations. Glass and PDMS chips were fabricated using well‐established photolithographic and replica‐molding procedures, respectively. PDMS channels were sealed against three different types of materials: native PDMS, plasma‐oxidized PDMS, and glass. Polyester‐toner chips were micromachined by a direct‐printing process using an office laser printer. All microchannels were fabricated with similar dimensions according to the limitations of the direct‐printing process (width/depth 150 μm/12 μm). LIF was employed for detection to rule out any losses in separation efficiency due to the detector configuration. Two fluorescent dyes, coumarin and fluorescein, were used as model analytes. Devices were evaluated for the following parameters related to electrophoretic separations: EOF, heat dissipation, injection reproducibility, separation efficiency, and adsorption to channel wall.
Efficient Electroporation of DNA and Protein into Confluent and Differentiated Epithelial Cells in Culture

Electroporation‐mediated delivery of molecules is a procedure widely used for transfecting complementary DNA in bacteria, mammalian and plant cells. This technique has proven very efficient for the introduction of macromolecules into cells in suspension culture and even into cells in their native tissue environment, e.g. retina and embryonic tissues. However, in spite of several attempts to date, there are no well‐established procedures to electroporate polarized epithelial cells adhering to a tissue culture substrate (glass, plastic or filter). We report here the development of a simple procedure that uses available commercial equipment and works efficiently and reproducibly for a variety of epithelial cell lines in culture.
Tamoxifen should be cost-effective in reducing breast cancer risk in high-risk women.

PURPOSE To estimate the cost-effectiveness of tamoxifen in the prevention of breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical trial results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Program P-1 compared tamoxifen versus placebo in the prevention of breast cancer, and direct medical care costs were estimated from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and local sources. The base estimate of effectiveness included all women on the trial. RESULTS For every 100 women treated for 5 years, 1.665 expected cancers would not be detected. If breast cancer death is fully prevented by this strategy, then the cost-effectiveness of tamoxifen compared with no intervention is $8,479 per additional year of life gained. If lifetime prevention of the risk of death from breast cancer exceeded 17%, then the cost-effectiveness ratio would be less than $50,000 per year of life gained (a common benchmark). CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention should be cost-effective under nearly all circumstances. Its use will require additional resources because it is not cost saving, but it fits within accepted guidelines.
Performance comparisons between two signaling formats for UWB communications

Two signaling formats for ultrawide bandwidth indoor communications are compared in terms of bit error rate performance in the presence of multiple access interference. The channel exhibits multipath propagation and its impulse response is either assumed known or is estimated with least squares methods. Computer simulations show that, even with perfect channel knowledge, time-hopping pulse-amplitude modulation is superior to time-hopping pulse-position modulation. The superiority increases with the number of users and becomes substantial in the presence of channel estimation errors. An intuitive explanation of this fact is provided.
Management style and staff nurse satisfaction in a changing environment.

In today's changing health care economic climate, attaining increased productivity of staff nurses without increasing costs is desirable. Employing a management style conducive to staff nurse job satisfaction may be one method. The article describes the findings of a research survey on perceived and desired nurse management styles and their relationship to staff nurse job satisfaction. A positive correlation (r = .48, p = .0001) was found between perceived management style and staff nurse job satisfaction. The closer the management style was to the participative group management style, the higher the level of staff nurse job satisfaction.
CFD-Based Airside Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Correlation Development for Small Diameter (3 mm to 5 mm) Louver Fin Heat Exchangers

In recent years, small diameter (less than 5 mm) microfin copper tubes have emerged as a better alternative to large diameter (7 mm and above) copper tubes. The superior performance of these small diameter tubes comes from their lower drag, and increased heat transfer coefficient. This results in heat exchangers with lightweight, compact designs, lower material cost, and reduced refrigerant charge compared to their large diameter counterparts. One of the prerequisites before one can design any heat exchanger is the characterization of fin and tube performance in terms of heat transfer and pressure drop correlations. The present literature lacks these correlations, especially the ones that can be used over a wide range of parameter space, for heat exchangers using louver fins and tube outer diameters of 5 mm and below. In this work we address that by undertaking a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study wherein we parametrize the louver fin design and evaluate the performance of these designs by running multiple CFD simulations in parallel. The study focuses on 3 mm to 5 mm diameter tubes with varying design parameters such as transverse and longitudinal tube pitch, number of tube banks, number of louvers, air velocity. We utilize Design of Experiments (DOE) methodologies including two level full factorial and latin hypercube sampling to efficiently sample the design space. Using the data generated from more than 1000 simulations, air side heat transfer and pressure drop correlations are developed. Multiple linear regression analysis is performed to develop Colburn j factor and Darcy f factor correlations. The new correlation reproduces 90% of the CFD data within 85% accuracy for heat transfer coefficient. For pressure drop the new correlation reproduces 90% of the CFD data within 90% accuracy. Work is underway to physically test the small diameter tube coils with louvered fins. The heat transfer and pressure drop data obtained through this physical testing will be used to further refine the aforementioned correlations.
Predictors of Graduation among College Students with Disabilities.

This exploratory study determined which set of student characteristics and disability-related services explained graduation success among college students with disabilities. The archived records of 1,289 unidentified students with disabilities in three public universities were examined ex-post-facto to collect demographic data on the students, the disability-related services they qualified for while enrolled in the institution, and student graduation status. A hierarchical logistic regression framework was used to compare models predicting graduation among students with disabilities in college. A model selection procedure was then used to construct a parsimonious model of the data. The final model constructed included predictors related to gender, age, disability type, and several disability-related services. Given the limitations of this study, more research is needed to validate this model using a similar sample of students with disabilities in 2-year and 4-year institutions.
Learning Affordances for Categorizing Objects and Their Properties

In this paper, we demonstrate that simple interactions with objects in the environment leads to a manifestation of the perceptual properties of objects. This is achieved by deriving a condensed representation of the effects of actions (called effect prototypes in the paper), and investigating the relevance between perceptual features extracted from the objects and the actions that can be applied to them. With this at hand, we show that the agent can categorize (i.e., partition) its raw sensory perceptual feature vector, extracted from the environment, which is an important step for development of concepts and language. Moreover, after learning how to predict the effect prototypes of objects, the agent can categorize objects based on the predicted effects of actions that can be applied on them.
Skap2 is required for β2 integrin–mediated neutrophil recruitment and functions

Integrin activation is required for neutrophil functions. Impaired integrin activation on neutrophils is the hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) syndrome in humans, characterized by impaired leukocyte recruitment and recurrent infections. The Src kinase–associated phosphoprotein 2 (Skap2) is involved in integrin functions in different leukocyte subtypes. However, the role of Skap2 in &bgr;2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate the crucial role of Skap2 in regulating actin polymerization and binding of talin-1 and kindlin-3 to the &bgr;2 integrin cytoplasmic domain, thereby being indispensable for &bgr;2 integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment. The direct interaction of Skap2 with the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein via its SH3 domain is critical for integrin activation and neutrophil recruitment in vivo. Furthermore, Skap2 regulates integrin-mediated outside-in signaling events and neutrophil functions. Thus, Skap2 is essential to activate the &bgr;2 integrins, and loss of Skap2 function is sufficient to cause a LAD-like phenotype in mice.
Varying dietary fiber for lactating cows fed corn and barley silages.

Abstract Seventy-five lactating cows were in three experiments to determine the effect of dietary fiber content on ration intake, milk and milk fat production, ration digestibility, nitrogen utilization, and ruminal volatile fatty acids. With corn or barley silage as the source of forage, four treatment groups consumed rations averaging 11.8, 14.5, 17.5, and 20.6% crude fiber and 14.3, 17.5, 20.0, and 23.9% acid detergent fiber dry basis. Fiber intake was controlled by the amount and fiber content of concentrate offered or by silages with different grain content. With corn silage, dry matter intake was not altered by dietary fiber, but dry matter intake was lower when additional fiber was fed with barlev silage. Linear regressions best described effects of dietary fiber on milk production and milk fat content. Milk production declined . 39 and . 36kg and milk fat test increased . 072 and . 067% for each percentage increase in crude and acid detergent fiber. Ration digestibility, determined by lignin ratio, was less for barley silage than corn silage. Narrowing acetate: propionate ratios were evident when dietary fiber was lowered. From these experiments with silage based rations, either crude or acid-detergent fiber content of forage adequately describes feeds to serve as a basis for practically balancing rations for lactating cows.
Delirium after Emergency/Elective Open and Endovascular Aortoiliac Surgery at a Surgical Ward with a High-standard Delirium Care Protocol

Delirium is a common problem in elderly patients undergoing surgery. Standard delirium care is not available at all surgical wards. We determined the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of postoperative delirium among patients undergoing elective/emergency aortoiliac surgery at a surgical ward with high-standard delirium care. A prospective descriptive survey in 107 patients was conducted. High-standard delirium care was given to patients above age 65, consisting of an extended focus on risk factors and intensive screening. The Delirium Observation Scale was used as a screening instrument for delirium. Patients were classified as having delirium if they met the DSM-IV criteria. The overall incidence of delirium was 23%. The incidence was 14% after elective surgery. Delirium occurred in 59% after emergency surgery and more often after open than after endovascular aneurysm repair (p < .01). Delirium was associated with age (p < .01) and emergency surgery (p = .01) and is an important and frequent complication after aortoiliac surgery.
Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies

Background:Adiponectin is the most abundant circulating protein secreted by adipocytes. There is uncertainty about the association between adiponectin levels and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We conducted this meta-analysis to summarize the effect of adiponectin on the risk of CHD. Methods:A comprehensive search was performed to identify all prospective studies on the association of adiponectin levels and risk of CHD. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The fixed- or random-effects model was selected to pool the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Q test and the I2 statistic. Publication bias was estimated using modified Egger's linear regression test. Results:Twelve prospective studies comprising 8 nested case-control studies and 4 cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 14,960 participants were enrolled and 4,132 incident CHD events were observed. The pooled RR for CHD was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.69–0.98, P = 0.031). Subgroup analyses showed that the pooled RRs (95% CIs) for CHD risk were 0.78 (0.66–0.92) and 0.75 (0.59–0.94) for men and women, respectively. For studies with mean age less than 65 years, the pooled RR (95% CI) for CHD risk was 0.72 (0.59–0.87). For studies with 100 or more CHD cases, the pooled RR was marginally significant (RR = 0.83, 95% CI, 0.69–1.00; P = 0.051). No publication bias was found in our study (P = 0.911). Conclusions:This meta-analysis showed that higher levels of adiponectin were associated with a low risk of CHD. The protective effect was consistently existed in men and women and in the middle-aged populations.
Support vector machine-based text detection in digital video

Textual data within video frames are very useful for describing the contents of the video frames, as they enable both keyword and free-text-based searching. In this paper, we pose the problem of text location in digital video as an example of supervised texture classification and use a support vector machine (SVM) as the texture classifier. Unlike other text detection methods, we do not incorporate any explicit texture feature extraction scheme. Instead, the gray-level values of the raw pixels are directly fed to the classifier. This is based on the observation that a SVM has the capability of learning in a high-dimensional space and of incorporating a feature extraction scheme in its own architecture. In comparison with a neural network-based text detection method, the SVM classifier illustrates the excellence of the proposed method.
Pump‐probe molecular dynamics as a tool for studying protein motion and long range coupling

A new method for analyzing the dynamics of proteins is developed and tested. The method, pump‐probe molecular dynamics, excites selected atoms or residues with a set of oscillating forces, and the transmission of the impulse to other parts of the protein is probed using Fourier transform of the atomic motions. From this analysis, a coupling profile can be determined which quantifies the degree of interaction between pump and probe residues. Various physical properties of the method such as reciprocity and speed of transmission are examined to establish the soundness of the method. The coupling strength can be used to address questions such as the degree of interaction between different residues at the level of dynamics, and identify propagation of influence of one part of the protein on another via “pathways” through the protein. The method is illustrated by analysis of coupling between different secondary structure elements in the allosteric protein calmodulin, and by analysis of pathways of residue–residue interaction in the PDZ domain protein previously elucidated by genomics and mutational studies. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.