Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The DSM Series and Experience with DSM-IV

DSM-IV is the standard language for psychiatric diagnosis in the United States. An unanticipated consequence of DSM-III is international interest in this American document; for example, DSM-III was translated into 13 languages. This was due to its adopting a descriptive classification that eschewed etiologic theory and contained operational definitions, following Stengel’s recommendations in his WHO report in 1959. These principles were eventually implemented in ICD-10, with the result of being two somewhat different classification systems. Although WHO-APA collaborations have minimized differences, a significant number remains, with only a few reflecting true ideological differences. The challenge for the future will be to integrate the two systems to produce, as much as possible, a unified system for international diagnostic communication.
Release of Antibiotics from Polymethylmethacrylate Cement

Abstract The increase in resistance rates to antibiotics of bacteria isolated from infected hip joints, particularly staphylococci, prompted us to investigate the usefulness of antibiotic combinations such as gentamicin plus vancomycin. Cylinder test specimens of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement (Cemex®, Tecres) containing gentamicin alone, vancomycin alone and both drugs in combination, were studied. The antibiotic concentrations were determined using a microbiological method and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA). The release of gentamicin alone, vancomycin alone and in combination from PMMA cement was prompt. The combination revealed synergistic antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. FPIA showed that gentamicin and vancomycin delivery rates from PMMA cement were different. Gentamicin alone and in combination with vancomycin presented similar release rates from PMMA cement (1.50%). Vancomycin release from PMMA cylinders impregnated with the combination was lower (0.51%) than that from cylinders with vancomycin alone (1.16%). Vancomycin showed a 34.1% loss of microbiological activity at 37°C after 10 days of incubation; the reduction corresponded to 15.0% when measured by FPIA. Results obtained with test specimens are indicative for the preparation of antibiotic-impregnated cements for different human prostheses.
A PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM FOR 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF A SCOLIOTIC TORSO

Scoliosis is a deformity of the human spine most commonly encountered with children. Its early detection is vital for the patient’s treatment, so periodic examinations via X-rays are traditionally used to measure its progression. Since this can cause a significant dose of radiation leading to an increased risk of cancer, it is imperative to minimize the use of radiographs and introduce a non-invasive and radiation-free scoliosis detection methodology. Quantifying the scoliotic deformity of the torso surface is a valid alternative, because the internal spine curvature and the torso surface deformation are highly correlated. This work proposes a low-cost multi-camera photogrammetric system for the reconstruction of a torso surface with a sub-millimetre level accuracy, which will be suitable for the routine clinical monitoring of scoliosis with no harmful side effects. The paper first describes the system design for optimal accuracy. Secondly, it explains the system calibration in terms of the camera calibration, stability analysis, and establishing the exterior orientation parameters of the implemented cameras. Then, it covers the entire reconstruction procedure giving insights on the pattern projection, epipolar resampling, feature extraction, matching and tracking, intersection, and the final surface registration. The final accuracy is tested by evaluating the goodness of fit between the reconstructed surface and a more accurate surface that has been measured by a coordinate measuring machine.
Next generation sequencing to find genetic risk factors in familial cancer

In 2015, Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Genetic predisposition in familial cancer cases is largely unexplained. At the same time, rapid development in sequencing technology results in an unprecedented increase in the amount of whole exomeand whole genome sequencing data. The studies in this thesis take advantage of the technology and explore possibilities to identify genetic factors behind cancer development. In paper I, we identified 12 novel non-synonymous single nucleotide variants, which were shared among 5 affected members of a family with gastricand rectal cancer. The mutations were found in 12 different genes; DZIP1L, PCOLCE2, IGSF10, SUCNR1, OR13C8, EPB41L4B, SEC16A, NOTCH1, TAS2R7, SF3A1, GAL3ST1, and TRIOBP. None of the mutations was suggested as a high penetrant mutation We propose this family, suggested to segregate dominant disease, could be an example of complex inheritance. In paper II, we identified a pathogenic variant in PTEN in a patient with a Cowden syndrome. We confirmed a pathogenic variant in PMS2 found in one of the samples suggested by another study. In addition, the study proposed 3 candidate missense variant in known cancer susceptibility genes (BMPR1A, BRIP1 and SRC), 3 truncating variants in possibly novel cancer genes (CLSPN, SEC24B and SSH2), 4 candidate missense variants (ACACA, NR2C2, INPP4A and DIDO1), and 5 possible autosomal recessive genes (ATP10B, PKHD1, UGGT2, MYH13 and TFF3). The study in paper III was to provide a comprehensive local reference database of 1,000 whole genome sequenced Swedish individuals. The samples were selected by principal component analysis from the Swedish Twin Registry (n=942) and The Northern Sweden Population Health Study (n=58). The result illustrated that the genetic diversity within Sweden is substantial compared with the diversity among continental European populations, confirming the importance this database. The aim of paper IV was to identify combinations of both known and unknown cancer processes in humans based on the integration of base substitution-, copy number variation-, structural rearrangementand microsatellite instability profile in 74 whole genome sequencing tumor-normal pairs from The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA). The results illustrated correlated mutational structure both between and within mutation types, suggesting integrating profiles of several mutation types can enhance accuracy in mutational patterns discovery. In conclusion, advancement in sequencingand computational technology demonstrated its capability in identifying cancer causative mutations, proposing candidate genes, providing infrastructure for medical research, as well as visualizing processes underlying cancer development. 5
Delayed Feedback Dynamics of Liénard-Type Resonant Tunneling-Photo-Detector Optoelectronic Oscillators

We use the nonlinear dynamics approach for studying delayed feedback optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) formed by hybrid integration of resonant tunneling diode (RTD) photo-detectors with laser diodes, in both single and dual optical fiber feedback routes. In the single loop topology, the performance of the RTD-OEO free-running self-sustained oscillator is improved in terms of phase noise, with a compromise between the delay line and the strength of the optical re-injection. In the dual-loop configuration, superior performance is achieved due to the suppression of the side modes associated with the optical cavity length, resulting in a side mode suppression ratio of up to -60 dBc of the carrier frequency. We compare experimental results with numerical simulations based on a system of delay differential equations comprising a Liénard oscillator model driven by white Gaussian noise and coupled with laser rate equations. The delayed feedback Liénard oscillator model gives considerable insight into the RTD-OEO dynamical regimes predicting its main features in both single- and dual-loop configurations.
A fate map of chick otic cup closure reveals lineage boundaries in the dorsal otocyst.

The vertebrate inner ear is structurally complex, consisting of fluid-filled tubules and sensory organs that subserve the functions of hearing and balance. The epithelial parts of the inner ear are derived from the otic placode, which deepens to form a cup before closing to form the otic vesicle. We fate-mapped the rim of the otic cup to monitor the cellular movements associated with otocyst formation and to aid in interpreting the changing gene expression patterns of the early otic field. Twelve sites around the rim, defined as positions of a clock face, were targeted by iontophoretic injection of fluorescent, lipophilic dye. Labeled cells were imaged 24 and 48 h after injection. The data show that the entire dorsal rim of the otic cup becomes the endolymphatic duct (ED), while the posteroventral rim becomes the lateral otocyst wall. Two intersecting boundaries of lineage restriction were identified near the dorsal pole: one bisecting the ED into anterior and posterior halves and the other defining its lateral edge. We hypothesize that signaling across compartment boundaries may play a critical role in duct specification. This model is discussed in the context of mouse mutants that are defective in both hindbrain development and ED outgrowth.
A dynamic stochastic optimization control model for data centers based on numerical modeling

Energy optimization of Cooling Room Air Conditioners (CRACs) in data centers remains a key concern due to the increasing energy consumption of air-cooled blade servers in the space limits imposed by chassis and racks. For this issue, server workload is either randomly dispersed or equalized to avoid placing intensive workloads on specific servers. Computational Fluid Dynamics has been used but few papers report the impact of time-varying thermodynamics in the optimization control framework, i.e., most assume steady air flow. This paper proposes a dynamic stochastic optimization control method for enhancing CRAC energy efficiency by dynamically changing the workloads of both overall servers and CRACs. Two new constraints are assumed; first, temperature changes of nearby server outlets can lead to efficient cooling. Second, server inlet temperatures depend on the distance between servers and CRACs. Tikhonov regularization theory is introduced to handle such constraints. In numerical simulations of over 1500 different combinations, unlike existing reports that examine just a few combinations, our proposed optimization method is shown to be very effective in reducing the energy cost of CRACs compared with evenly loading the servers.
Core‐shell silk hydrogels with spatially tuned conformations as drug‐delivery system

Hydrogels of spatially controlled physicochemical properties are appealing platforms for tissue engineering and drug delivery. In this study, core‐shell silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels of spatially controlled conformation were developed. The core‐shell structure in the hydrogels was formed by means of soaking the preformed (enzymatically crosslinked) random coil SF hydrogels in methanol. When increasing the methanol treatment time from 1 to 10 min, the thickness of the shell layer can be tuned from about 200 to about 850 μm as measured in wet status. After lyophilization of the rehydrated core‐shell hydrogels, the shell layer displayed compact morphology and the core layer presented porous structure, when observed by scanning electron microscopy. The conformation of the hydrogels was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in wet status. The results revealed that the shell layer possessed dominant β‐sheet conformation and the core layer maintained mainly random coil conformation. Enzymatic degradation data showed that the shell layers presented superior stability to the core layer. The mechanical analysis displayed that the compressive modulus of the core‐shell hydrogels ranged from about 25 kPa to about 1.1 MPa by increasing the immersion time in methanol. When incorporated with albumin, the core‐shell SF hydrogels demonstrated slower and more controllable release profiles compared with the non‐treated hydrogel. These core‐shell SF hydrogels of highly tuned properties are useful systems as drug‐delivery system and may be applied as cartilage substitute. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High volumes of resistance exercise are not required for greater bone mineral density during growth.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum amount of resistance exercise that would stimulate bone formation, via an elevation in bone mineral density (BMD), during the growth period in male rats. METHODS Forty male rats were randomly divided into control group (Con, n = 8), one ladder climb resistance-trained group (1LC, n = 8), two ladder climb resistance-trained group (2LC, n = 8), three ladder climb resistance-trained group (3LC, n = 8), and four ladder climb resistance-trained group (4LC, n = 8). All exercised groups were conditioned to climb a vertical ladder with weights appended to their tail 3 d·wk(-1) for a total of 6 wk. RESULTS After 6 wk, left tibia BMD (mean ± SE) was significantly greater for 2LC, 3LC, and 4LC (0.233 ± 0.003 g·cm(-2)) when compared with Con (0.218 ± 0.003 g·cm). Left femur BMD was significantly greater for 2LC, 3LC, and 4LC (0.318 ± 0.003 g·cm(-2)) when compared with 1LC (0.299 ± 0.008 g·cm(-2)) and Con (0.289 ± 0.010 g·cm(-2)). There were no significant differences in BMD between 2LC, 3LC, and 4LC groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that during growth, a low amount of resistance exercise was just as effective as high volumes of strength training for stimulating bone modeling.
Cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone: a pathologic designation or a clinical diagnosis?

Cholesterol granuloma has traditionally been defined as a light microscopic entity and specifically as a granulomatous lesion containing prominent cholesterol crystals. As such, the term has been used to describe the microscopic sequelae of hemorrhage into the middle ear and mastoid in cases of chronic otitis media; in addition, cholesterol granuloma may also develop quite rapidly in cases of acute hemorrhagic otitis. Although this lesion can be found in many areas of the body, including the paranasal sinuses, lung, pleura, mediastinum, peritoneum, thyroid, brain, orbit, jaw, testis, kidney and lymph node, the temporal bone is the commonest site in which cholesterol granulomas are detected [1,2]. Cholesterol granulomas have also been described under the names cholesterol cyst, idiopathic hemotympanum, blue drum membrane, blue eardrum, blue dome cyst, chocolate cyst, cholesterin pseudocyst, black cholesteatosis, black cholesteatoma and endogenous cholesteatoma. Cholesterol granuloma of the temporal bone was first described by Manasse [3] in 1894 and has often been confused with cholesteatoma by pathologists and clinicians; this is more than a mere semantic difference, however, and it is important to distinguish the two entities because of differences in their treatment [4]. Incidence
Recommender system algorithms: A comparative analysis based on monotonicity

Recommender systems are designed in such a way that they sort through massive amounts of data so as to help users in finding their preferred items. Currently much research on recommender systems focus on improving the prediction or classification accuracy of the respective algorithms while behavioral aspects are often overlooked. In this paper we focus on a particular behavioral property called monotonicity which we believe every recommender system should satisfy but has received very little attention. Assume that a recommender system recommends a set R of N items (for example movies) based on some scoring pattern and oa ∈ R has the highest score among items in R. Let us also assume that a particular user accepts the recommendation and consumes that item oa in the next stage and thereby appends his/her profile with oa. We again run the recommendation step with the appended profile to get a recommendation of N items, say R'. Monotonicity refers to the number of items of R \ {a} (R minus {oa}) that are retained in R'. In a top-k recommendation, monotonicity tries to measure the number of items continued to be recommended when a technique is utilized incrementally. In this work, in addition to monotonicity, we also consider two other popular measures called precison and recall to provide an experimental analysis of five most popular recommendation algorithms for evaluating the utility of recommendations.
Constructive AIG optimization considering input weights

This work presents a technology independent synthesis algorithm that works on top of an And-Inverter Graph (AIG) data structure. The goal is to minimize the number of nodes and the depth of the AIG, by controlling these characteristics while building the graph. Moreover, large circuits are usually synthesized in stages (cuts) and, therefore, it is desirable to consider different weights to the input nodes of the AIGs in order to represent signal delay from previous circuit stages. This paper incorporates the employ of input weights to a novel approach for AIG construction based on a new synthesis paradigm called functional composition. The idea is to perform the synthesis by associating simpler AIGs, in a bottom-up approach. The method constructively controls characteristics of final and intermediate graphs, allowing the adoption of secondary criteria other than the number of AIG nodes for optimization.
Vehicle-to-Everything (v2x) Services Supported by LTE-Based Systems and 5G

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X), including vehicle- to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, improves road safety, traffic efficiency, and the availability of infotainment services. Standardization of Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based V2X has been actively conducted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to provide solutions for V2X communications, and has benefited from the global deployment and fast commercialization of LTE systems. LTE-based V2X was widely used as LTE-V in the Chinese vehicular communications industry, and LTE-based V2X was redefined as LTE V2X in 3GPP standardization progress. In this article, the overview of requirements and use cases in V2X services in 3GPP is presented. The up-to-date standardization of LTE V2X in 3GPP is surveyed. The challenges and detailed design aspects in LTE V2X are also discussed. Meanwhile, the enhanced V2X (eV2X) services and possible 5G solutions are analyzed. Finally, the implementations of LTE V2X are presented with the latest progress in industrial alliances, research, development of prototypes, and field tests.
Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in community-acquired and nosocomial infections in diabetic patients.

BACKGROUND Although diabetes mellitus is known as a major risk factor for Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, the differences in clinical characteristics between community-acquired and nosocomial K. pneumoniae bacteremia in diabetic patients have been rarely reported. METHODS This retrospective analysis enrolled 193 adult diabetic patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia hospitalized between January 2005 and December 2006. The chi-squared test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t test, Fisher exact test, and Cox regression model were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 147 had community-acquired infections and 46 had nosocomial infections. Compared with the community group, the nosocomial group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (41.3% vs. 18.4%, p=0.001), malignancy (50.0% vs. 19.0%, p<0.001), and leukopenia (21.7% vs. 5.4%, p=0.001) but had lower levels of serum C-reactive protein (124.3 mg/L vs. 188.7 mg/L, p=0.018) and HbA1c (8.1% vs. 9.5%, p=0.025). The rate of infection with the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing strain (ESBL infection) in the nosocomial group was 11 times higher than that in the community group (45.7% vs. 4.1%, p<0.001). ESBL infection accounted for 53% of mortality in the nosocomial group. Pneumonia was more common in the nosocomial group, while local abscess was more common in the community group. The risk factors for mortality were pneumonia, leukopenia, cirrhosis, and a high serum creatinine ratio (creatinine level at admission/baseline). CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial group had more ESBL infections which might account for the higher mortality. The HbA1c level during the course of infection did not affect the outcome. Pneumonia, leukopenia, cirrhosis, and a high serum creatinine ratio at admission were the risk factors for poor outcome.
Combined urban and indoor network planning using the dominant path propagation model

With the growing interest for broadband mobile services in mobile communication networks, the investigation of radio transmission in and into buildings is getting more important. Popular empirical and deterministic models for the propagation inside buildings compute the field strength based on the inner structure of the buildings (walls, furniture). But for current and future wireless networks (3G, B3G, WLAN, WiMax,.), the neighboring buildings must also be considered to avoid interference problems in these buildings. Additionally the indoor coverage of outdoor transmitters must be analyzed to guarantee a high QoS even inside buildings. A new concept for the prediction of the field strength in such hybrid scenarios (urban and indoor) is presented in this paper. This new concept does not rely only on the direct ray (like empirical models) and it does not consider hundreds of rays for a single radio link (like ray tracing). The new model focuses on the most dominant path between transmitter and receiver. It allows the computation of the transition from an urban to an indoor scenario and vice versa, thus allowing an accurate computation of the received power inside and around buildings. The new model is validated with various measurements and shows a good accuracy.
Interactions between Hepatitis Delta Virus Proteins

ABSTRACT The 195- and 214-amino-acid (aa) forms of the delta protein (δAg-S and δAg-L, respectively) of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) differ only in the 19-aa C-terminal extension unique to δAg-L. δAg-S is needed for genome replication, while δAg-L is needed for particle assembly. These proteins share a region at aa 12 to 60, which mediates protein-protein interactions essential for HDV replication. H. Zuccola et al. (Structure 6:821–830, 1998) reported a crystal structure for a peptide spanning this region which demonstrates an antiparallel coiled-coil dimer interaction with the potential to form tetramers of dimers. Our studies tested whether predictions based on this structure could be extrapolated to conditions where the peptide was replaced by full-length δAg-S or δAg-L, and when the assays were not in vitro but in vivo. Nine amino acids that are conserved between several isolates of HDV and predicted to be important in multimerization were mutated to alanine on both δAg-S and δAg-L. We found that the predicted hierarchy of importance of these nine mutations correlated to a significant extent with the observed in vivo effects on the ability of these proteins to (i) support intrans the replication of the HDV genome when expressed on δAg-S and (ii) act as dominant-negative inhibitors of replication when expressed on δAg-L. We thus infer that these biological activities of δAg depend on ordered protein-protein interactions.