Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation et sélection pour les modèles additifs et application à la prévision de la consommation électrique

L'electricite ne se stockant pas aisement, EDF a besoin d'outils de prevision de consommation et de production efficaces. Le developpement de nouvelles methodes automatiques de selection et d'estimation de modeles de prevision est necessaire. En effet, grâce au developpement de nouvelles technologies, EDF peut etudier les mailles locales du reseau electrique, ce qui amene a un nombre important de series chronologiques a etudier. De plus, avec les changements d'habitude de consommation et la crise economique, la consommation electrique en France evolue. Pour cette prevision, nous adoptons ici une methode semi-parametrique a base de modeles additifs. L'objectif de ce travail est de presenter des procedures automatiques de selection et d'estimation de composantes d'un modele additif avec des estimateurs en plusieurs etapes. Nous utilisons du Group LASSO, qui est, sous certaines conditions, consistant en selection, et des P-Splines, qui sont consistantes en estimation. Nos resultats theoriques de consistance en selection et en estimation sont obtenus sans necessiter l'hypothese classique que les normes des composantes non nulles du modele additif soient bornees par une constante non nulle. En effet, nous autorisons cette norme a pouvoir converger vers 0 a une certaine vitesse. Les procedures sont illustrees sur des applications pratiques de prevision de consommation electrique nationale et locale.Mots-cles: Group LASSO, Estimateurs en plusieurs etapes, Modele Additif, Prevision de charge electrique, P-Splines, Selection de variables
Elemental Composition of PM2.5 in Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) during Seasons with and without Sugar Cane Burning

Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 2.5 μm (PM2.5), present in polluted air, has been associated with a large spectrum of health impairments, mainly because of its deep deposition into the lungs. Araraquara City (Southeast Brazil) is surrounded by sugar-cane plantations, which are burned to facilitate the harvesting; this process causes environmental pollution due to the large amounts of soot that are released into the atmosphere. In this work, the elemental composition of PM2.5 was studied in two scenarios, namely in sugar-cane harvesting (HV) and in non-harvesting (NHV) seasons. The sampling strategy included one campaign in each season. PM2.5 was collected using a dichotomous sampler (10 L·min-1, 24 h) with PTFE filters. Information concerning the bulk elemental concentration was provided by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Enrichment factor analysis indicated that S, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb were highly enriched relative to their crustal ratios (to Al). Principal component analysis was used to get some insight about the sources of the elements. Principal component 1 (PC1) explained 30.5% of data variance. The elements that had high loading (>0.7) were: S, Cr, As, and Pb; these are associated with combustion of fossil fuels. In principal component 2 (PC2), Cl, Cu, Zn, and Cd showed high loadings; these elements are associated with biomass burning. The Ni concentration found is three times larger than the threshold of risk for lung cancer, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
High performance compilers for parallel computing

1. High Performance Systems. An Example Program: Matrix Multiplication. Structure of a Compiler. 2. Programming Language Features. Languages for High Performance. Sequential and Parallel Loops. Roundoff Error. 3. Basic Graph Concepts. Sets, Tuples, Logic. Graphs. Control Dependence. 4. Review of Linear Algebra. Real Vectors and Matrices. Integer Matrices and Lattices. Linear System of Equations. System of Integer Equations. Systems of Linear Inequalities. Systems of Integer Linear Inequalities. Extreme Values of Affine Functions. 5. Data Dependence. Data Dependence in Loops. Data Dependence in Conditionals. Data Dependence in Parallel Loops. Program Dependence Graph. 6. Scalar Analysis with Factored Use-Def Chains. Constructing Factored Use-Def Chains. FUD Chains for Arrays. Finding All Reaching Definitions. Implicit References in FUD Chains. InductionVariables Using FUD Chains. Constant Propagation with FUD Chains. Data Dependence for Scalars. 7. Data Dependence Analysis for Arrays. Building the Dependence System. Dependence System Solvers. General Solver. Summary of Solvers. Complications. Run-time Dependence Testing. 8. Other Dependence Problems. Array Region Analysis. Pointer Analysis. I/O Dependence. Procedure Calls. Interprocedural Analysis. 9. Loop Restructuring. Simpile Transformations. Loop Fusion. Loop Fission. Loop Reversal. Loop Interchanging. Loop Skewing. Linear Loop Transformations. Strip-Mining. Loop Tiling. Other Loop Transformations. Interprocedural Transformations. 10. Optimizing for Locality. Single Reference to Each Array. Multiple References. General Tiling. Fission and Fusion for Locality. 11. Concurrency Analysis. Code for Concurrent Loops. Concurrency from Sequential Loops. Concurrency from Parallel Loops. Nested Loops. Roundoff Error. Exceptions and Debuggers. 12. Vector Analysis. Vector Code. Vector Code from Sequential Loops. Vector Code from Forall Loops. Nested Loops. Roundoff Error, Exceptions, and Debuggers. Multivector Computers. 13. Message-Passing Machines. SIMD Machines. MIMD Machines. Data Layout. Parallel Code for Array Assignment. Remote Data Access. Automatic Data Layout. Multiple Array Assignments. Other Topics. 14. Scalable Shared-Memory Machines. Global Cache Coherence. Local Cache Coherence. Latency Tolerant Machines. Glossary. References. Author Index. Index. 0805327304T04062001
BAW PCS-Duplexer chipset and Duplexer applications

In this paper, TriQuint's BAW PCS duplexer chipset will be presented, showing it's performance in a PCS power-amplifier front end module (FEM). Besides having a low insertion loss and a high rejection and isolation, today's application requirements dictate that special attention has to be paid to non-linearity (harmonics). This applies to the behavior of the single TX/RX chips as well as the duplexer as a system. Measurements of corresponding performance parameters will be shown and compared with previous, less optimal designs. Furthermore, power handling capabilities and corresponding improvements are discussed briefly. To optimize the duplexer performance and reduce the required number of laminate design cycles, electro-magnetic simulations of the whole duplexer application have been performed. A comparison between the simulated and measured performance will be presented, displaying the good agreement between theory and measurement.
Grasping strategies for reconstructed unknown 3D objects

The authors describes an approach to the visuo-motor coordination of the grasping problem. A vision system is used to provide a spatial description of the scene. The volumetric information is reduced by merging the voxels into an octree representation. At the end of the reconstruction process, this kind of 'essential' information can be used to choose the right pre-shaping and to coordinate the arm and the hand motion towards the pre-shaping position, in order to realize a stable grasp. Some preliminary results are shown. <<ETX>>
Generalized hierarchical completely-connected networks

A novel network structure called generalized Hierarchical Completely-Connected networks (HCC) is proposed, and its properties and features are evaluated. A set of the HCCs constructed by the proposed method includes some conventional hierarchical networks (then it is called generalized). The construction of an HCC is started from a basic block (a level-1 block) which consists of n nodes with a constant degree. Then a level-h (h/spl ges/2) block is constructed recursively by interconnecting any pair of macro nodes (n level-(h-1) blocks) completely. An HCC has the constant node degree regardless of increasing its size (the number of nodes). Furthermore, since an HCC has a hierarchically structured character and the feature of uniformity, a wide variety of inter-cluster connections are possible.
1 . 1 Standard analysis

Thispapercallsfor areexaminationof theMarkingTheoryof HPSG,whichin its standard form involvesa considerableamountof dedicatedformal machinery, but which provesto be inapplicablefor most typesof grammaticalmarking. As an alternati ve, it is demonstrated thathead-mark er phrasescanbereanalyzedashead-complement structures,with themarking elementtreatedasthe syntactichead. This approachallows the eliminationof all markingspecificformal apparatus, with theexceptionof theattribute MARKING, which percolatesas anordinaryHEAD feature,andwhosefunctionis significantlyexpanded. Theproposedapproachallowsmarkingelementsto berelatedto otherlexical heads(prepositions,in particular),andmarkingconstructionsarebetterintegratedin thegrammar , rather thanbeinggroupedinto anexceptionalclassof head-mark er phrases. 1 Assumptions and Consequences TheMarking Theoryin PollardandSag(1994)is introducedprimarily in orderto analyzea singleconstruction—that-markedfinite clausesin English—althougha few otherpotentiallyrelevant constructionsarementionedin passing.Focusingon that-clausesfor the moment,considerthe simpleexample (1) Kim fears[thatSandyknows thetruth]. A satisfactory analysisof the bracketedphrasemust meeta numberof requirements.First, it mustlicensethebinarycombinationof that (which I will refer to pre-theoreticallyasthe“marking element, ” asopposedto “marker”) with the sentenceSandyknowsthe truth (I ignoreother concei vable,but implausiblesyntacticanalysesof this construction): (2) S
Odour enrichment increases adult‐born dopaminergic neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first brain region involved in the processing of olfactory information. In adult mice, the OB is highly plastic, undergoing cellular/molecular dynamic changes that are modulated by sensory experience. Odour deprivation induces down‐regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in OB dopaminergic interneurons located in the glomerular layer (GL), resulting in decreased dopamine in the OB. Although the effect of sensory deprivation is well established, little is known about the influence of odour enrichment on dopaminergic cells. Here we report that prolonged odour enrichment on C57BL/6J strain mice selectively increases TH‐immunopositive cells in the GL by nearly 20%. Following odour enrichment on TH–green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, in which GFP identified both mature TH‐positive cells and putative immature dopaminergic cells expressing TH mRNA but not TH protein, we found a similar 20% increase in GFP‐expressing cells, with no changes in the ratio between TH‐positive and TH‐negative cells. These data suggest that enriched conditions induce an expansion in the whole dopaminergic lineage. Accordingly, by using 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine injections to label adult‐generated cells in the GL of TH–GFP mice, we found an increase in the percentage of 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine‐positive dopaminergic cells in enriched compared with control conditions, whereas no differences were found for calretinin‐ and calbindin‐positive subtypes. Strikingly, the fraction of newborn cells among the dopaminergic population doubled in enriched conditions. On the whole, our results demonstrate that odour enrichment drives increased integration of adult‐generated dopaminergic cells that could be critical to adapt the OB circuits to the environmental incoming information.
Merging chemical and biological space: Structural mapping of enzyme binding pocket space

Structure‐based drug design tries to mutually map pharmacological space populated by putative target proteins onto chemical space comprising possible small molecule drug candidates. Both spaces are connected where proteins and ligands recognize each other: in the binding pockets. Therefore, it is highly relevant to study the properties of the space composed by all possible binding cavities. In the present contribution, a global mapping of protein cavity space is presented by extracting consensus cavities from individual members of protein families and clustering them in terms of their shape and exposed physicochemical properties. Discovered similarities indicate common binding epitopes in binding pockets independent of any possibly given similarity in sequence and fold space. Unexpected links between remote targets indicate possible cross‐reactivity of ligands and suggest putative side effects. The global clustering of cavity space is compared to a similar clustering of sequence and fold space and compared to chemical ligand space spanned by the chemical properties of small molecules found in binding pockets of crystalline complexes. The overall similarity architecture of sequence, fold, and cavity space differs significantly. Similarities in cavity space can be mapped best to similarities in ligand binding space indicating possible cross‐reactivities. Most cross‐reactivities affect co‐factor and other endogenous ligand binding sites. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in Anesthesia-Related Factors in Ambulatory Knee and Shoulder Surgery: United States 1996-2006

Background: Analyses of existing nationally representative information on how changes in ambulatory orthopedic surgery have affected anesthesia practice over time are rare. We sought to characterize temporal changes in factors surrounding ambulatory orthopedic surgery and anesthesia. Methods: Data from the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery for the years of 1996 and 2006 were analyzed. Entries indicating the performance of knee ligamentoplasty, meniscectomy, or shoulder arthroscopy were identified and included in the sample. Temporal changes in a number of variables associated with orthopedic ambulatory surgery were assessed, including (1) the number of procedures being performed, (2) patient and health care system-related demographics, and (3) anesthesia-related variables. Results: Nationwide, the total number of ligamentoplasties, meniscectomies, and shoulder arthroscopies increased from 1996 to 2006 by 66% (n = 258,932 to n = 428,712), 51% (n = 456,698 to n = 690,164), and 349% (n = 93,105 to n = 418,188), respectively (P < 0.0001). Between 1996 and 2006, the use of peripheral nerve blocks increased from 0.6% to 9.8% for meniscectomies (P < 0.0001), from 1.5% to 13.7% for ligamentoplasties (P < 0.0001), and from 11.5% to 23.9% for shoulder arthroscopies (P < 0.0001), respectively. Neuraxial anesthesia utilization fell from 11.8% to 6.3% for meniscectomies (P < 0.0001) and 13.6% to 7.3% for ligamentoplasties (P < 0.0001) from 1996 to 2006, respectively. Conclusions: Substantial increases in the number of ambulatory knee and shoulder procedures occurred over time, relating to increased demand for anesthesia providers in this field. Trends toward increased use of peripheral nerve blocks may have to be considered by educators when preparing residents for practice.
Advances in the development of therapeutic nucleic acids against cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is the second most common neoplastic disease affecting women worldwide. Basic, clinical and epidemiological analyses indicate that expression of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) E6/E7 genes is the primary cause of cervical cancer and represent ideal targets for the application of therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs). Antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (AS-ODNs) and ribozymes (RZs) are the most effective TNAs able to inhibit in vivo tumour growth by eliminating HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6/E7 transcripts. Expression of multiple RZs directed against alternative target sites by triplex expression systems may result in the abrogation of highly variable HPVs. More recently, RNA interference (RNAi) gene knockdown phenomenon, induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA), has demonstrated its potential value as an effective TNA for cervical cancer. siRNA and aptamers as TNAs will have a place in the armament for cervical cancer. TNAs against cervical cancer is in a dynamic state, and clinical trials will define the TNAs in preventive and therapeutic roles to control tumour growth, debulk tumour mass, prevent metastasis and facilitate immune interaction.
Maternal Antibody Titer Against Avian Influenza Transferred from Hens to The Eggs and Ducklings

Abstract . This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of H5N1 Avian Influenza vaccination in different duck breeds and to assess the magnitude of maternal antibody titer transferred from the vaccinated hen to the eggs and off ducklings as a protector agent against H5N1. Experimental research was conducted on 16 male and 48 female mallards and 16 male and 48 female Muscovy ducks aged 16 week old. The study showed that the vaccination was 83.33 % successful in Muscovy ducks and 100% in in mallards. Result of variance analysis demonstrated that breed and sex did not significantly affected AI antibody titer. AI maternal antibody transferred from Muscovy hens to egg yolks and to off springs was 66.37% and 39.51%, respectively. Female Mallards transferred higher antibody to egg yolks than to off springs (96.40% versus 63.18%, respectively. Antibody titer against AI vaccination was determined through ELISA. This study concluded that AI H5N1 vaccination increased antibody titer in ducks which is transferrable to the eggs produced and ducklings. Key words : Vaccination, H5N1 virus, antibody titer, egg yolk, ducklings Abstrak . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektifitas vaksinasi avian influenza H5N1 yang dilakukan pada bangsa itik yang berbeda. Penelitian juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya transfer maternal titer antibody dari induk yang divaksinasi ke telur dan anak itik yang dihasilkan untuk perlidungan terhadap infeksi virus H5N1. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan materi menggunakan itik yang terdiri dari itik Tegal jantan 16 ekor dan betina 48 ekor serta entok jantan 16 ekor dan betina 48 ekor umur 16 minggu. Hasil vaksinasi menunjukkan keberhasilan vaksinasi sebesar 83.33% pada entok dan pada itik 100%. Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bangsa itik dan jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap titer antibodi flu burng (H5N1). Besarnya transfer maternal antibodi flu burung dari induk entok ke kuning telur sebesar 66,37%, sedangkan pada anaknya 39,51%. Induk itik memberikan antibodi lebih tinggi pada kuning telurnya yaitu sebesar 96,40% dan pada anaknya 63,18%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah vaksinasi flu burung H5N1 meningkatkan titer antibodi pada itik yang dapat ditransfer pada telur dan keturunannya. Kata kunci : Vaksinasi, virus H5N1, titer antibodi, kuning telur, anak itik
The Asthma Control Questionnaire as a clinical trial endpoint: past experience and recommendations for future use

The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease according to guidelines issued by bodies such as the Global Initiative for Asthma. Effective control is dependent upon evaluation of symptoms, initiation of appropriate treatment and minimization of the progressive adverse effects of the disease and its therapies. Although individual outcome measures have been shown to correlate with asthma control, composite endpoints are preferred to enable more accurate and robust monitoring of the health of the individual patient. A number of validated instruments are utilized to capture these component endpoints; however, there is no consensus on the optimal instrument for use in clinical trials. The Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ) has been shown to be a valid, reliable instrument that allows accurate and reproducible assessment of asthma control that compares favourably with other commonly used instruments. This analysis provides a summary of the use of ACQ in phase II, III and IV asthma trials. Comparisons between the ACQ and other instruments are also presented. Our analysis suggests that the ACQ is a valid and robust measure for use as a primary or secondary endpoint in future clinical trials.
[Microbiological standardization of laboratory animals].

An overview is given on various aspects of microbiological standardisation of laboratory animals. The paper focuses on small rodents because rats and mice are the most frequently used animal species. An introductory chapter describes the importance of micro-organisms and their potential effects on animals and animal experiments. Some terms describing the microbiological quality of rodents (e.g., germ-free, "SPF", conventional) are explained. Housing conditions and requirements for the management which are both necessary to maintain a high microbiological standard in the animal facility are described. The most relevant sources of micro-organisms are briefly discussed. An overview is given on some aspects which have to be considered during health monitoring like, e.g., micro-organisms to be monitored, sample size and frequency, age of animals. In the reference section primarily actual and general articles or recommendations are listed. Further details can be found at internet homepages which are listed for several organisations active in laboratory animal science.
Design of a capacitor-less 5.8-GHz microwave rectifier for microwave power transmission

A microwave rectifier for 5.8 GHz operation without any capacitors is presented, which has a measured MW-to-DC conversion efficiency of 61%. A coupled band pass filter and a class-F load are utilized to suppress diode harmonics and replaced the capacitors in conventional microwave rectifiers. The imaginary part of the diode impedance is canceled by a parallel microstrip line to enhance its rectifying efficiency at fundamental frequency. The measured conversion efficiency matched well to the simulated result.
Investigation of iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang, China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEM by Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6:_84. 8 µg/L (mean of 11.66 µg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin’an in mountain area (P<0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 µg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 µg/L (n=19) and 12.72±10.72 µg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P<0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11:_2. 93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg). Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.