Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Galaxy Cluster Scaling Relations Measured with APEX-SZ

We present thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) measurements for 42 galaxy clusters observed at 150 GHz with the APEX-SZ experiment. For each cluster, we model the pressure profile and calculate the integrated Comptonization Y to estimate the total thermal energy of the intraclustermedium (ICM). We compare the measured Y values to X-ray observables of the ICM from the literature (cluster gas mass M-gas, temperature T-X, and Y-X = MgasTX) that relate to total cluster mass. We measure power-law scaling relations, including an intrinsic scatter, between the SZE and X-ray observables for three subsamples within the set of 42 clusters that have uniform X-ray analysis in the literature. We observe that differences between these X-ray analyses introduce significant variance into the measured scaling relations, particularly affecting the normalization. For all three subsamples, we find results consistent with a selfsimilarmodel of cluster evolution dominated by gravitational effects. Comparing to predictions from numerical simulations, these scaling relations prefer models that include cooling and feedback in the ICM. Lastly, we measure an intrinsic scatter of similar to 28 per cent in the Y - Y-X scaling relation for all three subsamples.
The relationship between coping, emotion regulation, and quality of life of patients on dialysis

Previous studies have investigated constructs that facilitate adaptation to chronic disease and improve quality of life and constructs that lead to psychopathological complications. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of coping and emotional regulation on the quality of life of patients on dialysis. Three questionnaires were administered to 78 patients on dialysis: Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced, Short Form (36), and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Regressions analyses indicated that age, Rumination, Positive Refocusing, Avoidance Strategies, Approach to the Problem, and Transcendent Orientation predicted Physical Health. With regard to Mental Health, the predictors were gender, Self-Blame, Acceptance, Rumination, Positive Reappraisal, Catastrophizing, Avoidance Strategies, and Transcendent Orientation. This study confirms the relationship between emotional regulation, coping, and quality of life. The results highlight the need for total care of the patients, including an assessment of both physical state and psychological functioning in order to promote total well-being.
PULMONARY TOXICITY ASSESSMENT AND COMPARISON OF SOME CARBON NANO PARTICLES FOLLOWING INTRA-TRACHEAL INSTILLATION IN RATS

Introduction: Carbon nanotubes are major building blocks of this new technology. These are considered to represent the fraction of airborne material that can enter the human respiratory tract. Much attention has been paid on carbon nano materials, due to their small size and extraordinary physicochemical properties. In this study, we have used intratracheal instillation, an accepted route of exposure commonly used to screen nanotubes for potential pulmonary toxicity. Method: Groups of male Wistar albino rats of 6-9 weeks old were selected and housed in polypropylene cages in a room where the congenial temperature was 26°C and 12 hrs light and dark cycles were maintained. Fine particle suspension of CNP was prepared with a nontoxic dispersion vehicle for instillation into rat lungs. The BAL fluid was collected from all the above untreated and particle exposed rats at 24 h, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post instillation periods. Results: Transient increase (p<0.05) in BAL fluid micro protein levels was also observed in lungs exposed to carbon nanoparticles and quartz exposed rats at 24 h period, which gradually decreased in 1 week, 1 month and 3 months periods. Exposures of carbon nanoparticles to rats resulted in a transient dose dependant increase (p<0.001) in BAL fluid MDA values at 24 h post exposure period and were gradually decreased with other time periods. Conclusion: Carbon nanotubes produced significantly greater toxicity compared to quartz particles. This is very specifically dangerous for the chronic exposures of workers making and using nanoparticles in manufacturing plants.
Injecting hemostatic matrix in the path of biopsies: efficacy, potential complications, and the management of such complications

Objective To describe the technique of injecting hemostatic matrix, as well as the experience of our interventional radiology department in its application. Materials and Methods We conducted a single-center study with retrospective analysis of the experience of our group in the use of hemostatic gelatin matrix in percutaneous biopsies. Results In a total of 73 biopsies in different organs, such as the liver, kidney, and spleen, hemostatic gelatin matrix was introduced into the coaxial needle. The only complication observed was migration of the hemostatic matrix to the left kidney collecting system, and that was resolved with clinical treatment. There were no cases of bleeding after the injection of hemostatic matrix. Conclusion The use of hemostatic matrices in the path of percutaneous biopsies is another tool available for consideration in minimally invasive procedures.
Sharpening of Hierarchical Visual Feature Representations of Blurred Images

Visual Abstract The robustness of the visual system lies in its ability to perceive degraded images. This is achieved through interacting bottom-up, recurrent, and top-down pathways that process the visual input in concordance with stored prior information. The interaction mechanism by which they integrate visual input and prior information is still enigmatic. We present a new approach using deep neural network (DNN) representation to reveal the effects of such integration on degraded visual inputs. We transformed measured human brain activity resulting from viewing blurred images to the hierarchical representation space derived from a feedforward DNN. Transformed representations were found to veer toward the original nonblurred image and away from the blurred stimulus image. This indicated deblurring or sharpening in the neural representation, and possibly in our perception. We anticipate these results will help unravel the interplay mechanism between bottom-up, recurrent, and top-down pathways, leading to more comprehensive models of vision.
Development and experimental validation of a LQG control for a pre-compensated multi-axis piezosystem

Positioning Piezoelectric Actuators (PAs) are extremely versatile high precision investigative tools exploited in the field of micro-nanotechnology and they are also widely used in highly accurate industry production. PAs systems require appropriate controllers allowing to obtain fast and high-precision positioning performances but usually commercial systems provide integrated Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers providing standard stability performances also in the presence of uncertainty and disturbance. Those PI controllers usually are not tunable or adjustable on the considered plant, limiting controlled system performances with respect to nominal PAs features. In this paper the authors propose to improve the PI pre-compensated system performances through an external Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, in order to modify PIs reference signals behaviour by a feedback control law. The considered system is a micro-nano resolution triaxial piezoelectric driver controlled by a commercial amplifier providing a set of internal analog PI controllers. In this paper, the PI pre-compensated plant is identified in the form of a Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) model, due to the linear behaviour of the actuated axes. Effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation tests and experiments on the real system, comparing the proposed approach with respect to the PI pre-compensated plant performances.
Algorithms and strategies in short‐read shotgun metagenomic reconstruction of plant communities

Premise of the Study DNA may be preserved for thousands of years in very cold or dry environments, and plant tissue fragments and pollen trapped in soils and shallow aquatic sediments are well suited for the molecular characterization of past floras. However, one obstacle in this area of study is the limiting bias in the bioinformatic classification of short fragments of degraded DNA from the large, complex genomes of plants. Methods To establish one possible baseline protocol for the rapid classification of short‐read shotgun metagenomic data for reconstructing plant communities, the read classification programs Kraken, Centrifuge, and MegaBLAST were tested on simulated and ancient data with classification against a reference database targeting plants. Results Performance tests on simulated data suggest that Kraken and Centrifuge outperform MegaBLAST. Kraken tends to be the most conservative approach with high precision, whereas Centrifuge has higher sensitivity. Reanalysis of 13,000 years of ancient sedimentary DNA from North America characterizes potential post‐glacial vegetation succession. Discussion Classification method choice has an impact on performance and any downstream interpretation of results. The reanalysis of ancient DNA from glacial lake sediments yielded vegetation histories that varied depending on method, potentially changing paleoecological conclusions drawn from molecular evidence.
Theta Burst Stimulation Enhances Connectivity of the Dorsal Attention Network in Young Healthy Subjects: An Exploratory Study

We examined effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) applied over two distinct cortical areas (the right inferior frontal gyrus and the left superior parietal lobule) on the Stroop task performance in 20 young healthy subjects. Neural underpinnings of the behavioral effect were tested using fMRI. A single session of intermittent TBS of the left superior parietal lobule induced certain cognitive speed enhancement and significantly increased resting-state connectivity of the dorsal attention network. This is an exploratory study that prompts further research with multiple-session TBS in subjects with cognitive impairment.
Automatic histogram-based segmentation of white matter hyperintensities using 3D FLAIR images

White matter hyperintensities are known to play a role in the cognitive decline experienced by patients suffering from neurological diseases. Therefore, accurately detecting and monitoring these lesions is of importance. Automatic methods for segmenting white matter lesions typically use multimodal MRI data. Furthermore, many methods use a training set to perform a classification task or to determine necessary parameters. In this work, we describe and evaluate an unsupervised segmentation method that is based solely on the histogram of FLAIR images. It approximates the histogram by a mixture of three Gaussians in order to find an appropriate threshold for white matter hyperintensities. We use a context-sensitive Expectation-Maximization method to determine the Gaussian mixture parameters. The segmentation is subsequently corrected for false positives using the knowledge of the location of typical FLAIR artifacts. A preliminary validation with the ground truth on 6 patients revealed a Similarity Index of 0.73 ± 0.10, indicating that the method is comparable to others in the literature which require multimodal MRI and/or a preliminary training step.
An optimal set of features for predicting type IV secretion system effector proteins for a subset of species based on a multi-level feature selection approach

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) are multi-protein complexes in a number of bacterial pathogens that can translocate proteins and DNA to the host. Most T4SSs function in conjugation and translocate DNA; however, approximately 13% function to secrete proteins, delivering effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic host cells. Upon entry, these effectors manipulate the host cell’s machinery for their own benefit, which can result in serious illness or death of the host. For this reason recognition of T4SS effectors has become an important subject. Much previous work has focused on verifying effectors experimentally, a costly endeavor in terms of money, time, and effort. Having good predictions for effectors will help to focus experimental validations and decrease testing costs. In recent years, several scoring and machine learning-based methods have been suggested for the purpose of predicting T4SS effector proteins. These methods have used different sets of features for prediction, and their predictions have been inconsistent. In this paper, an optimal set of features is presented for predicting T4SS effector proteins using a statistical approach. A thorough literature search was performed to find features that have been proposed. Feature values were calculated for datasets of known effectors and non-effectors for T4SS-containing pathogens for four genera with a sufficient number of known effectors, Legionella pneumophila, Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp, and Bartonella spp. The features were ranked, and less important features were filtered out. Correlations between remaining features were removed, and dimensional reduction was accomplished using principal component analysis and factor analysis. Finally, the optimal features for each pathogen were chosen by building logistic regression models and evaluating each model. The results based on evaluation of our logistic regression models confirm the effectiveness of our four optimal sets of features, and based on these an optimal set of features is proposed for all T4SS effector proteins.
Inflammatory monocytes contribute to the persistence of CXCR3hiCX3CR1lo circulating and lung‐resident memory CD8+ T cells following respiratory virus infection

Phenotypically diverse memory CD8+ T cells are present in the lungs that either re‐circulate or reside within the tissue. Understanding the key cellular interactions that regulate the generation and then persistence of these different subsets is of great interest. Recently, DNGR‐1+ dendritic cell (DC) mediated priming was reported to control the generation of lung‐resident but not circulating memory cells following respiratory viral infection. Here, we report an important role for Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes (IMs) in contributing to the persistence of memory CD8+ T cells but not their generation. Effector CD8+ T cells expanded and contracted normally in the absence of IMs, but the memory compartment declined significantly over time. Quite unexpectedly, this defect was confined to tissue resident and circulating CXCR3hiCX3CR1lo memory cells but not CXCR3hiCX3CR1int and CXCR3loCX3CR1hi subsets. Thus, two developmentally distinct innate cells orchestrate the generation and persistence of memory T cell subsets following a respiratory virus infection.
Causality Patterns for Detecting Adverse Drug Reactions From Social Media: Text Mining Approach

Background Detecting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is an important task that has direct implications for the use of that drug. If we can detect previously unknown ADRs as quickly as possible, then this information can be provided to the regulators, pharmaceutical companies, and health care organizations, thereby potentially reducing drug-related morbidity and saving lives of many patients. A promising approach for detecting ADRs is to use social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook. A high level of correlation between a drug name and an event may be an indication of a potential adverse reaction associated with that drug. Although numerous association measures have been proposed by the signal detection community for identifying ADRs, these measures are limited in that they detect correlations but often ignore causality. Objective This study aimed to propose a causality measure that can detect an adverse reaction that is caused by a drug rather than merely being a correlated signal. Methods To the best of our knowledge, this was the first causality-sensitive approach for detecting ADRs from social media. Specifically, the relationship between a drug and an event was represented using a set of automatically extracted lexical patterns. We then learned the weights for the extracted lexical patterns that indicate their reliability for expressing an adverse reaction of a given drug. Results Our proposed method obtains an ADR detection accuracy of 74% on a large-scale manually annotated dataset of tweets, covering a standard set of drugs and adverse reactions. Conclusions By using lexical patterns, we can accurately detect the causality between drugs and adverse reaction–related events.
Temporally stable adaptation is robust, incomplete and specific

Sensorimotor adaptation, the process that reduces movement errors by learning from sensory feedback, is often studied within a session of about half an hour. Within such a single session, adaptation generally reaches plateau before errors are completely removed. However, adaptation may complete on longer timescales: the slow components of error‐based adaptation are associated with good retention. In this study, we tested how adaptation evolves over time by asking participants to perform six adaptation sessions on different days. In these sessions, participants performed a three‐dimensional reaching task while visual feedback about endpoint errors was rotated around the cyclopean eye. In addition, context specificity of the adaptation was addressed by measuring inter‐limb transfer and transfer to visual and proprioceptive perceptual tasks. We show that from the second session on, the adaptation was retained almost completely across sessions. However, after six learning sessions, adaptation still reached plateau before errors were completely removed. The adaptation was specific: the adaptation did neither transfer to the other hand, nor to the visual, and only marginally to the proprioceptive perceptual estimates. We conclude that motor adaptation is robust, specific and incomplete.
Understanding the welfare of rats living in standard versus semi-naturalistic laboratory environments

Rats are one of the most commonly used animals in research. Differences in rat housing lead to differences in brain, behaviour, physiology and health. These differences can also affect rat welfare and the validity of data obtained from these animals. Few studies have assessed the consequences of housing rats in standard laboratory cages compared to more complex, naturalistic environments; fewer still have assessed these consequences in females, or after more than a few weeks of differential housing. The aim of my thesis was to assess the sustained welfare consequences of housing female rats in standard versus semi-naturalistic laboratory conditions. The psychological well-being of animals is central to the concept of animal welfare, so Chapter 2 provides a review of the scientific methods of assessing affective states in animals, how these methods have been applied to rats, and what the results can tell us about rats’ experience of various emotional states. Chapter 3 investigated rats’ propensity to engage in behaviours that are not possible in standard laboratory cages: burrowing, climbing and standing upright. Results indicated that burrowing and standing upright may be especially important to rats. Chapter 4 assessed the sustained affective consequences of standard versus semi-naturalistic housing using an anticipatory behaviour test. Results indicated that standard-housed rats were experiencing poorer welfare than the semi-naturalistic-housed rats. These studies were not designed to test differences in health between the two housing conditions, but given the very limited amount of research on the long-term health effects of differential housing in rats, Chapter 5 documented differences in body weight and development of naturally-occurring tumours. Standard-housed rats were much heavier than semi-naturalistic-housed rats, but there were no differences in the rate of tumour development. Collectively, these results indicate that, compared to the semi-naturalistic housing assessed in this thesis, standard laboratory housing for rats compromises rat welfare by 1) preventing the performance of important natural behaviours; 2) leading to negative affective states; and 3) leading to overweight animals predisposed to developing other health issues. Implications for rat welfare and
The Development of English Learning Motivation and Learners' Self-identities: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Longitudinal Data from Five Universities

As part of a longitudinal study,this paper reports an SEM analysis of the relationship between types of English learning motivation and learners' self-identity changes.The data were collected through a questionnaire,implemented 5 times in four years,on over 1300 students from five universities in Beijing.SEM results of the 5 tests show that types of English learning motivation and self-identities influenced each other,with the former having greater effect on the latter.As time went by,the effect of English learning motivation on self-identities decreased,while that of self-identities first descended and then ascended.Positive correlations were constantly found between immediate achievement motivation and learning situation motivation,and between going abroad motivation and subtractive identity change.
Correction of lower eyelid retraction by transconjunctival retractor excision and lateral eyelid suspension.

PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of a procedure that addresses both the lower eyelid retractors and the lateral canthus in the treatment of patients with lower eyelid retraction. METHODS Through a combined lateral canthotomy and full-length transconjunctival incision, the lower eyelid retractors were disinserted across the horizontal length of the eyelid, recessed to the inferior fornix, and excised. A lateral canthopexy elevated the mobilized eyelid, and horizontal length disparity was corrected. RESULTS Forty lower eyelid operations in 23 patients yielded good results; all patients attained significant improvement in both eyelid position and function. No reoperations were required during a mean follow-up period of 28 months. CONCLUSION Although not ideal for severe cases requiring posterior lamellar spacers or anterior lamellar (skin) grafts, this union of techniques successfully treats many types of lower eyelid retraction.