Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
My Time: Incidence of on demand television in the evolution of ‘prime time’ in Spain

Introduction: The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of television à la carte on prime time audiences in Spain. The emergence of different television channels over the last few years has led to a fragmentation of the audience in terms of the television offer and the particular tastes of each individual among the audience, which has reached the maximum expression since the moment that viewers can choose the content they want, whenever they prefer. The catalyst for this evolution in the consumption of television is technology in general and internet in particular, which together offer the necessary devices so that the consumer of audiovisual content can access them in the fastest and most comfortable way. Methodology: The research is based on quantitative elements such as the analysis of the audiences obtained by the main programs in television in Spain between the years 2002 and 2015, and is complemented with relevant qualitative evaluations that include the contributions of professionals who represent the main companies in the sector. Results and conclusions: Television is valued as a relevant medium, but with nuances in terms of programs and how to consume this television.
Evidence for Ancestral Programming of Resilience in a Two-Hit Stress Model

In a continuously stressful environment, the effects of recurrent prenatal stress (PS) may accumulate across generations and alter stress vulnerability and resilience. Here, we report in female rats that a family history of recurrent ancestral PS facilitates certain aspects of movement performance, and that these benefits are abolished by the experience of a second hit, induced by a silent ischemia during adulthood. Female F4-generation rats with and without a family history of cumulative multigenerational PS (MPS) were tested for skilled motor function before and after the induction of a minor ischemic insult by endothelin-1 infusion into the primary motor cortex. MPS resulted in improved skilled motor abilities and blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function compared to non-stressed rats. Deep sequencing revealed downregulation of miR-708 in MPS rats along with upregulation of its predicted target genes Mapk10 and Rasd2. Through miR-708 stress may regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity. Hair trace elemental analysis revealed an increased Na/K ratio, which suggests a chronic shift in adrenal gland function. The ischemic lesion activated the HPA axis in MPS rats only; the lesion, however, abolished the advantage of MPS in skilled reaching. The findings indicate that MPS generates adaptive flexibility in movement, which is challenged by a second stressor, such as a neuropathological condition. Thus, a second “hit” by a stressor may limit behavioral flexibility and neural plasticity associated with ancestral stress.
The interpreter's personality in Draw-A-Person interpretation: a study of interpersonal style.

This study investigated the relationship between accuracy in figure drawing interpretation and interpersonal style. Subjects were 66 undergraduates who completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Interpersonal Check List (ICL), and a figure drawing interpretation task. The MMPI and ICL were scored and interpreted using Leary's Interpersonal System, which provides for a multilevel assessment of interpersonal functioning. Interpretive skill was found to be associated with "affiliative" interpersonal styles (p < .05), and lack of interpretive skill was associated with "disaffiliative" interpersonal styles (p < .05) at two of the three levels examined. The role of unconscious processes in figure drawing interpretation, the nature of the interpretive process, and implications for the selection of skilled interpreters are discussed with reference to the interpersonal characteristics of the interpreter.
Localization of transforming growth factor-beta at the human fetal-maternal interface: role in trophoblast growth and differentiation.

We examined the localization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in first-trimester and term human decidua and chorionic villi and explored the role of this factor on the proliferation and differentiation of cultured trophoblast cells. Two antibodies, 1D11.16. 8, a mouse monoclonal neutralizing antibody capable of recognizing both TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta 2 and CL-B1/29, a rabbit polyclonal antibody capable of recognizing TGF-beta 2, were used to immunolocalize TGF-beta in fixed, paraffin-embedded, or fixed, frozen sections of placenta and decidua, providing similar results. Intense labeling was observed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the first-trimester decidua and cytoplasm of term decidual cells. Syncytiotrophoblast cell cytoplasm as well as the ECM in the core of the chorionic villi of both first-trimester and term placentas exhibited a moderate degree of labeling. Strong cytoplasmic labeling was observed in the cytotrophoblastic shell of the term placenta. To examine the role of TGF-beta on trophoblast proliferation and differentiation, early passage cultures of first-trimester and primary cultures of term trophoblast cells were established and characterized on the basis of numerous immunocytochemical and functional markers. These cells expressed cytokeratin, placental alkaline phosphatase, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and pregnancy-specific beta glycoprotein, but not factor VIII or 63D3; they also produced hCG and collagenase type IV. Exposure of first-trimester trophoblast cultures to TGF-beta 1 significantly inhibited proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. An antiproliferative effect was also noted in the presence of TGF-beta 2. These effects were abrogated in the presence of the neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody (1D11.16.8) in a concentration-dependent manner. In a 3-day culture, exogenous TGF-beta 1 stimulated formation of multinucleated cells by the first trimester as well as term trophoblast cells. Addition of neutralizing anti-TGF-beta antibody to first-trimester trophoblast cells stimulated proliferation beyond control levels in a 24-h culture and reduced formation of multinucleated cells in a 3-day culture, indicating the presence of endogenous TGF-beta activity. These results indicate that TGF-beta produced at the human fetal-maternal interface plays a major regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of the trophoblast.
Correlation of transfusion volume to change in hematocrit

While it has generally been accepted that a 3% change in hematocrit is equivalent to a 1‐“unit” loss of blood, few studies have been published to actually document this. A more complete understanding of this correlation would be helpful in estimating blood loss from changes in hematocrit in patients sustaining hemorrhage as well as in those receiving transfusions. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the post‐transfusion alterations in hematocrit from 61 independent transfusions in 48 different pelvic fracture patients (age range, 16–62 years). Transfusion volumes were correlated with changes in hematocrit over 24‐hr periods between the 5th and 12th hospital days, a time when there was no ongoing hemorrhage in these patients. The average increase in hematocrit per liter of packed red blood cells transfused was 6.4% ± 4.1%. If 1 “unit” of packed red blood cells is approximately 300 mL, this becomes a change of hematocrit of 1.9% ± 1.2% per “unit” of blood. The accepted correlation of about 1 “unit” of blood loss per 3% change in hematocrit would be valid for a 500‐cc unit, but a typical unit of packed red blood cells is typically 300 cc. In addition, the variability is substantial as indicated by our standard deviation. Limitations of this study include hematocrit changes due to fluid resuscitation, dehydration, age, persistent hemorrhage, and the retrospective nature of the evaluation. Am. J. Hematol. 81:145–146, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voltammetric Studies on Mechanisms of Dopamine Efflux in the Presence of Substrates and Cocaine from Cells Expressing Human Norepinephrine Transporter

Abstract: The effects of substrates m‐tyramine and β‐phenethylamine, as well as cocaine, on the DA efflux from a cell line stably expressing the human norepinephrine transporter (hNET) were investigated by using rotating disk electrode voltammetry. Both the substrates and cocaine induced apparent DA efflux in a concentration‐dependent manner. Their EC50 values for inducing DA efflux were similar to their IC50 values for inhibiting DA uptake. The substrate‐induced DA efflux was inhibited by various NET blockers, enhanced by raising the internal [Na+] with Na+,K+‐ATPase inhibition, but was insensitive to membrane potential‐altering agents valinomycin, veratridine, and high [K+]. The initial rate of m‐tyramine‐induced DA efflux was related to preloaded [DA] in a manner defined by a Michaelis‐Menten expression. In contrast, DA efflux in the presence of cocaine displayed a much slower efflux rate, lower efficacy, was not stimulated by elevated internal [Na+], and was nonsaturable with preloaded [DA]. Single exponential kinetic analysis of the entire time course of the DA efflux showed that the apparent first‐order rate constant for m‐tyramine‐induced DA efflux declined with increased preloaded [DA], whereas that for the DA efflux in the presence of cocaine was unchanged with varying preloaded [DA]. These results suggest that the substrates stimulate the NET‐dependent DA efflux by increasing the accessibility of the NET to internal DA, whereas cocaine “uncovers” NET‐independent DA efflux by reducing the accessibility of diffused/leaked external DA to the NET.
Leaky-wave antenna based on non-foster metamaterial - Is stable operation feasible?

A beam-squint-free leaky-wave antenna is one of potentially important applications of non-Foster metamaterials. However, several recent studies pointed out inherent stability problem of non-Foster elements, indicating that practical realization of leaky-wave antenna may be very challenging, if not entirely impossible. Here, we analyze the origin of stability issue and propose the design methodology that assures stable operation.
Growth characteristics and proteins of plaque-purified strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi

Six plaque-purified strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi (Karp, Gilliam, Kato, JC472B, TA716, and TA763) that fall into three categories of virulence for mice were compared by several parameters. Five of the six strains formed plaques of identical size in mouse cells, but each of three strains tested (representing three mouse virulence types) had a different doubling time in mouse cell cultures. Neither of these properties correlated strictly with virulence in mice, although the avirulent TA716 strain replicated much more slowly than the more virulent Karp and Gilliam strains. R. tsutsugamushi strain heterogeneity was also manifested at the polypeptide level by migration rates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of three of the major scrub typhus antigens (Sta110, Sta56, and Sta47), with those of Sta110 differing most widely. As expected, immunoblotting with polyclonal mouse sera showed substantial cross-reactivity among the major antigens of the six strains. Similar tests with Karp-induced monoclonal antibodies (MAb) demonstrated that some epitopes on Sta110 and Sta56 were shared by fewer than the six strains, but they identified no epitope unique to Karp. In contrast to the ready demonstration of antigenic heterogeneity in Sta110 and Sta56, four of the five Sta47-specific MAb reacted well with Sta47 from each of the six strains; the remaining MAb bound Sta47 from Karp and the Karp-like JC472B strain more strongly than Sta47 from the other four strains. The MAb also were useful in indicating the possible occurrence of Sta47 as dimers and trimers, the presence of Sta110 (as well as Sta56 and Sta47) in the rickettsial membrane, and the apparent interaction of the putative heat shock protein Sta58 with Sta47 or Sta47-Sta56 complexes.
Computerized screening for psychiatric disorders in an outpatient community mental health clinic.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the validity and utility of two types of computer-administered versions of a screening interview, PRIME-MD (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders), in a mental health setting: one administered by desktop computer and one by computer using a touch-tone telephone and interactive voice response (IVR) technology. METHODS Fifty-one outpatients at a community mental health clinic were given both IVR and desktop PRIME-MD and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-IV), which was administered by a clinician, in a counterbalanced order. Diagnoses were also obtained from charts. RESULTS Prevalence rates found by both computer interviews were similar to those obtained by the SCID-IV for the presence of any diagnosis, any affective disorder, and any anxiety disorder. Prevalence rates for specific diagnoses were also similar to those found by the SCID-IV except for dysthymia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder; the first two conditions were found to be more prevalent by the computer, and panic disorder was more prevalent by the SCID. Compared with the prevalence rates in the charts, the rates found by the computer were higher for anxiety disorders, particularly for obsessive-compulsive disorder and social phobia. Using the SCID-IV as the criterion, both computer-administered versions of PRIME-MD had high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for most diagnoses. No significant difference was found in how well patients liked each form of interview. CONCLUSIONS Results support the validity and utility of both desktop and IVR PRIME-MD for gathering information from mental health patients about certain diagnoses.
Overexpression of Glyoxalase System Enzymes in Human Kidney Tumor

PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to investigate the messenger RNA expression and activity of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II enzymes in a human renal carcinoma (clear cell adenocarcinoma) and in pair-matched normal tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODSTumor and nontumor pair-matched specimens from the same organ were collected during radical nephrectomy from a group of 12 patients of both sexes. The mean age of the patients was 52.3 years (range, 50–60 years), and none of them had previously undergone neoadjuvant therapy. Gene expression and activity were measured by ribonuclease protection assay and current spectrophotometric methods, respectively. Intracellular levels of methylglyoxal were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTSA significant increase in the transcription levels of both glyoxalase I (about ninefold) and glyoxalase II (about threefold) was observed, compared with the pair-matched noncancerous tissues. Glyoxalase I activity was also higher in the pathological samples (about 2.5-fold) compared with the control samples and correlated with a significant decrease (about twofold) in methylglyoxal concentrations. At variance, glyoxalase II activity was significantly lower in pathological tissues than in the normal ones. DISCUSSIONOur findings suggest a possible role of the glyoxalase system enzymes in the chemoresistance displayed by the kidney tumor. In fact, such a refractory behavior involves a decrease in the methylglyoxal level, a potent apoptosis activator. In addition, glyoxalase II activity decrease in the adenocarcinoma tissue suggests a likely role of the intermediate S-D-lactoylglutathione by supplying energy in actively proliferating cells. Finally, we point out a possible use of glyoxalase I inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
Perception of experimental pain is reduced after provoked waking from rapid eye movement sleep

Patients with chronic pain often complain of pain when they wake at night, but the accuracy of their perception of the pain after waking at night is unknown. While cognitive functions are reduced for a short time after waking from sleep, a situation known as sleep inertia, it is unclear how sleep inertia may affect the perception of pain. We investigated the effects of sleep inertia on the perception of experimentally induced pain. Fourteen male volunteers were exposed to a randomized thermal heat stimulus of 43.1 °C ‘hot’ and 46.5 °C ‘hurting’ during provoked waking from Stage 2 sleep, slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Subjects rated their pain on awakening on a Visual Analogue Scale at 30 s after awakening and each minute thereafter for 5 min. We found no change in pain perception over the 5‐min period irrespective of temperature used or sleep stage. However, perceived pain when awoken abruptly from REM sleep was significantly lower than the awake score for both the hot (P = 0.0069) and hurting (P = 0.0025) temperatures. Pain perception when woken from Stage 2 sleep or slow wave sleep was not significantly different from perception when awake. Our findings indicate that sleep inertia reduces pain perception when awoken abruptly from REM. This suggests that patients who wake up in pain either perceive accurately the pain they are experiencing, or at worst underestimate the level of pain if woken from REM sleep.
Stabilizing and robust FOPI controller synthesis for first order plus time delay systems

For all first order plus time delay (FOPTD) systems, a fractional order PI (FOPI) or a traditional integer order PID (IOPID) controller can be designed to fulfill three design specifications: gain crossover frequency, phase margin, and a flat phase constraint simultaneously. In this paper, a guideline for choosing feasible or achievable gain crossover frequency and phase margin specifications, and a new FOPI/IOPID controller synthesis are proposed for all FOPTD systems. Using this synthesis scheme, the complete feasible region of the gain crossover frequency and phase margin can be obtained and visualized in the plane. With this region as the prior knowledge, all combinations of the phase margin and gain crossover frequency can be verified before the controller design. Only if the combination is chosen from this achievable region, the existence of the stabilizing and desired FOPI/IOPID controller design can be guaranteed. Especially, it is interesting to compare the areas of these two feasible regions for the IOPID controller and the FOPI controller. This area comparison reveals, for the first time, the potential advantages of one controller over the other in terms of achievable performances. As a basic step, a scheme for finding the stabilizing region of the FOPI/IOPID controller is presented first, and then a new scheme for designing a stabilizing FOPI/IOPID controller satisfying the given gain crossover frequency, phase margin and flat phase constraint is proposed in details. Thereafter, the complete information about the feasible region of gain crossover frequency and phase margin is collected. This feasible region for the FOPI controller is compared with that for the traditional IOPID controller. This area comparison shows the advantage of the FOPI over the traditional IOPID clearly. Simulation illustration is presented to show the effectiveness and the performance of the designed FOPI controller comparing with the designed IOPID controller following the same synthesis in this paper.
Video segmentation based on strong target constrained video saliency

A video segmentation method based on strong target constrained video saliency (STCVS) is proposed in this paper. In order to detect the salient region fast and effectively, the proposed STCVS is extracted based on the extension of image saliency by enforcing the salient region constrained with the location, scale and color model of the target. Besides, according to the results of STCVS, the super-pixel based spatial-temporal DenseCut method is given for video segmentation, where the super-pixel is regarded as basic unit instead of pixel due to the large amount of data in video, and the pairwise term of inter-frame is included for ensuring temporal and spatial continuity of video segmentation results. Compared with some state-of-art video segmentation methods on DAVIS dataset, our proposed method performs outstandingly on accuracy, efficiency and robustness.
General and outcome‐specific forms of Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer: the effect of shifts in motivational state and inactivation of the ventral tegmental area

This study compared the contribution of the general activating and specific cueing properties of Pavlovian stimuli to Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer (PIT) and the role of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in mediating these effects. In Experiment 1, hungry rats initially received Pavlovian training, in which three distinct auditory stimuli predicted the delivery of three different food outcomes. Next, the rats were trained to perform two instrumental actions, each earning a unique outcome selected from the three used in Pavlovian conditioning. Finally, the effects of the three stimuli on performance of the two actions were assessed in extinction. Presentation of a stimulus that had been paired with the same outcome as an action increased its performance relative to the other action, demonstrating that PIT effects can be outcome selective. In contrast, presentation of the stimulus that predicted the outcome that was not earned during instrumental training facilitated the performance of both actions indiscriminately. This effect, but not the outcome‐selective effect, was abolished by a shift from a hungry to a relatively sated state. Experiment 2 examined the effects of inactivation of the VTA on these two forms of PIT. VTA inactivation was found to attenuate PIT but, unlike satiety, did not appear to differentially affect the general or the outcome‐selective forms of PIT. The VTA appears therefore to play an important but general role in the initiation of instrumental actions, enabling cues to influence performance whether they enhance responding by changes in arousal or by retrieving particular actions based on their consequences.
Fungal Functional Genomics: Tunable Knockout-Knock-in Expression and Tagging Strategies

ABSTRACT Strategies for promoting high-efficiency homologous gene replacement have been developed and adopted for many filamentous fungal species. The next generation of analysis requires the ability to manipulate gene expression and to tag genes expressed from their endogenous loci. Here we present a suite of molecular tools that provide versatile solutions for fungal high-throughput functional genomics studies based on locus-specific modification of any target gene. Additionally, case studies illustrate caveats to presumed overexpression constructs. A tunable expression system and different tagging strategies can provide valuable phenotypic information for uncharacterized genes and facilitate the analysis of essential loci, an emerging problem in systematic deletion studies of haploid organisms.