Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Color schemes to represent the orientation of anisotropic tissues from diffusion tensor data: Application to white matter fiber tract mapping in the human brain

This paper investigates the use of color to represent the directional information contained in the diffusion tensor. Ideally, one wants to take into account both the properties of human color vision and of the given display hardware to produce a representation in which differences in the orientation of anisotropic structures are proportional to the perceived differences in color. It is argued here that such a goal cannot be achieved in general and therefore, empirical or heuristic schemes, which avoid some of the common artifacts of previously proposed approaches, are implemented. Directionally encoded color (DEC) maps of the human brain obtained using these schemes clearly show the main association, projection, and commissural white matter pathways. In the brainstem, motor and sensory pathways are easily identified and can be differentiated from the transverse pontine fibers and the cerebellar peduncles. DEC maps obtained from diffusion tensor imaging data provide a simple and effective way to visualize fiber direction, useful for investigating the structural anatomy of different organs. Magn Reson Med 42:526–540, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Descriptive Model of the Offence Process of Women Violent Offenders: Distal Background Variables

The literature indicates two areas of growing concern in regard to the perpetration of violence by women. One is that the incidence of violence perpetrated by women is increasing across jurisdictions. The other is that despite their growing numbers the knowledge and understanding of violent women has been greatly hindered by the general lack of empirical investigation of this population. The present study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a preliminary descriptive model of the offence process of women violent offenders. The women's violent offence model (WVOM) has four distinct levels or phases. The current article addresses the first of these in detail, consisting of the distal background variables. This phase of the model includes experiences of childhood and adolescence, providing preliminary insight into the more stable distal predispositional factors underlying women's violent offending.
Distributed leadership through the looking glass

Additional services and information for Management in Education can be found at: Email Alerts: http://mie.sagepub. com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://mie.sagepub. com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub. com/journalsPermissions.nav http://mie.sagepub. com/cgi/content/refs/22/1/31 SAGE Journals Online and HighWire Press platforms):Citations (this article cites 5 articles hosted on the
The Monsters Next Door: Media Constructions of Boys and Masculinity

These are a few of the headlines that appeared in US newspapers and news magazines concerning the April 20, 1999 school shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado. Although school violence in the US accounts for only a small fraction of violence involving children nationwide (John Cloud 1999), the unusual, recurring character of these crimes has focused attention to them out of proportion to their actual numbers. Over the past few years, there have been similar occurrences every few months. Previous to Littleton, there were incidents in Oregon, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Mississippi, along with others stretching further back. They have become a grim list of referents brought out and re-hashed with each new outbreak of school violence. On April 20, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris entered their high school in Littleton, Colorado, and went on a shooting spree. At the end of the day, one teacher and fourteen students were dead, including the two shooters who killed themselves before authorities could apprehend them. Police investigators found many unexploded bombs throughout the school, and also learned that the pair had been planning the attack for at least a year, to coincide with the anniversary of Hitler’s birthday. It was the deadliest school shooting ever to have occurred in the US, and it received extensive media coverage. Studies that explore how gender is represented in news coverage of violence have tended to focus primarily on women. Many have documented how women are portrayed, often as victims of male violence (see, for example, Helen Benedict 1992; Cynthia Carter, 1998; Deborah Jermyn 2001; Katherine Kinnick 1998; Judith Marlane 1999; Marian Meyers 1997, 1999; C. Kay Weaver, Cynthia Carter, and Elizabeth Stanko 2000). Studies of men and the media have until recently been few in number (Fred Fejes 1992; Diana Saco 1992). More recently, Jackson Katz (1999) has addressed how masculinity and violence intertwine in deadly ways in his video Tough Guise, but scholarly analyses in this area are relatively new (see also John Beynon 2002).
NEW ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN OF A TEMPERATURE ROBUST MEMS GYROSCOPE WITH IMPROVED GAIN-BANDWIDTH CHARACTERISTICS

This paper reports a new MEMS vibratory rate gyroscope designed with increased robustness to fabrication imperfections and variations in environmental conditions. The distinct feature of the design is the increased response gain. The proposed architecture utilizes a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) drive-mode and a fully coupled 2-DOF sense-mode. The drive-mode operational frequency and the sense-mode bandwidth can be set independently, relaxing the tradeoff between the gain, die size, and detection capacitance, inherent to the previously reported robust gyroscopes with dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) architecture of the 2-DOF sense-mode. Prototypes with 2.5 kHz operational frequency were characterized in air and demonstrated sense-mode 3 dB bandwidth of 250 Hz. The uncompensated temperature coefficients of bias and scale factor were 313 °/h/°C and 351 ppm/°C, respectively. Using off-chip detection electronics, the rate sensitivity was 56 �� V/°/s, ARW – 0.09 °/s/•Hz, bias instability – 0.08 °/s, and
Hybrid visible light communications in Intelligent Transportation Systems with position based services

This paper proposes a hybrid communication system for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) utilizing visible light and radio communications for position-based services. The directionality of light communication is used to distribute position-based keys to vehicles such that they can extract information related only to their desired lanes. The extended coverage of radio communication is used to provide stable data communication complementing the visible light communications (VLC) systems. This paper provides system models and important parameters for designing a hybrid ITS system. The system performance is evaluated by simulation, and the results demonstrate a considerable increase of the effective communication area and receivable information using the proposed hybrid ITS system compared with a VLC system.
Common pitfalls in the chief resident role: impact on effective leadership practices

Background: This paper explores the leadership and management needs of medical resident leaders, skills that contribute to the success in their role. The importance of leadership development for physicians is reflected in the specific recommendations in the FMEC-MD and FMEC-PG reports of the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada and multiple local, regional and national efforts directed towards residents’ leadership development. The purpose of this study was to identify key areas for programme development in leadership for physicians by examining the common pitfalls that interfere with success in resident leadership roles. Methods: Twenty chief residents (CRs) were asked to enumerate the pitfalls/mistakes they made, which they felt hindered their effectiveness as a leader. Chi-squared analysis was used to examine the frequency of responses within themes developed from content analysis of the data. Results: The pitfalls spanned multiple categories including leadership (31%), management (28%), communication (19%), role clarifications (13%) and professionalism (9%). Conclusions: Awareness of these pitfalls would be beneficial to CRs and also help inform changes or emphases in leadership training programmes. Our study has identified that leadership development would be enhanced by emphasizing professional aspects of a leader, working across boundaries and proactively seeking role clarification.
A Systematic Methodology for Reliability Improvements on SoC-Based Software Defined Radio Systems

Shrinking silicon technologies, increasing logic densities and clock frequencies, lead to a rapid elevation in power density. Increased power density results in higher onchip temperature, which creates numerous problems tightly firmed to reliability degradation. Since typical low-power design has been proved inefficient to tackle the temperature increment by itself, device architects are facing the challenge of developing new methodologies to guarantee timing, power, and thermal integrity of the chip. In this paper, we propose a thermal-aware exploration framework targeting temperature hotspots elimination through the efficient exploration of multiple microarchitecture selections over the temperature-area trade-off curve. By carefully planning at design time the resources of the initial microarchitecture that should be replicated, the proposed methodology optimizes the system's thermal profile and attens on-chip temperature under various design constraints. The introduced framework does not impose any architectural or compiler modification, whereas it is orthogonal to any other thermal-aware methodology. For evaluation purposes, we employ the software-defined radio executed onto a thermal-aware instance of LEON3 processor. Based on experimental results, we found that our methodology leads to an architecture that exhibits temperature reduction of 17 Kelvin degrees, which leads to improvement against aging phenomena about 14%, with a controllable overhead in silicon area about 15%, compared to the initial LEON3 instance.
Visual Saliency and Crowdsourcing-based Priors for an In-car Situated Dialog System

This paper addresses issues in situated language understanding in a moving car. We propose a reference resolution method to identify user queries about specific target objects in their surroundings. We investigate methods of predicting which target object is likely to be queried given a visual scene and what kind of linguistic cues users naturally provide to describe a given target object in a situated environment. We propose methods to incorporate the visual saliency of the visual scene as a prior. Crowdsourced statistics of how people describe an object are also used as a prior. We have collected situated utterances from drivers using our research system, which was embedded in a real vehicle. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithms improve target identification rate by 15.1%.
An Investigation Into How Students Respond to Being Victimized by Peer Aggression

This study investigates how students respond to peer aggression. Results indicate that boys tend to use more retaliatory responses to peer aggression compared with girls, who are more likely to confide in their friends. The use of humor in response to being victimized also was found to be a promising way to respond to being victimized, especially among boys. Independent of gender, the emotional impact of being victimized was positively associated with reporting to adults at school yet not at home. Furthermore, a small negative indirect effect was found between the emotional impact of being victimized and the likelihood that students would report being victimized to adults at school through the influence of school connectedness. Thus, emotional distress associated with being victimized can erode feelings of being bonded to others at school, further reducing the likelihood that students will report being victimized by peer aggression to adults at school.
Risk Assessment of Food Coloring Agents on DNA Damage Using RAPD Markers

In this study, faba bean (Vicia faba) seedlings were used as bioindicator to determine genotoxic effect of syn- thetic dyes currently used as food color additives in many countries. Novel short-term assays are required to substantiate the battery of assessment methods for evaluating the genotoxicity of candidate substances. Therefore, an attempt has been made to evaluate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for its potential to establish genotoxic effect of colored food. For the preliminary assessment, this study compared the effects occurring at molecular levels in Vicia faba exposed to colored food at concentrations in the range of 0.2% to 18.2%. The qualitative modifications arising in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles as a measure of DNA effects were compared with control. Results sug- gested that treatments of the above test food samples reflect changes in RAPD profiles. Changes in RAPD patterns in- cluded variation in band intensity; loss of normal bands and appearance of new bands compared with control. These re- sults indicated that DNA polymorphisms detected by RAPD analysis could be used as an investigation tool for environ- mental toxicology and as a useful biomarker assay for the detection of genotoxic effects of food dyes. In conclusion, the measurement of parameters at molecular levels is valuable for investigating the specific effects of agents interacting with DNA. Ultimately, this methodology may allow the ecotoxicological examination of the link between molecular alterations and measurable adverse effects at higher levels of biological organization.
$\mathbf{D^3}$: Deep Dual-Domain Based Fast Restoration of JPEG-Compressed Images

In this paper, we design a Deep Dual-Domain ($\mathbf{D^3}$) based fast restoration model to remove artifacts of JPEG compressed images. It leverages the large learning capacity of deep networks, as well as the problem-specific expertise that was hardly incorporated in the past design of deep architectures. For the latter, we take into consideration both the prior knowledge of the JPEG compression scheme, and the successful practice of the sparsity-based dual-domain approach. We further design the One-Step Sparse Inference (1-SI) module, as an efficient and light-weighted feed-forward approximation of sparse coding. Extensive experiments verify the superiority of the proposed $D^3$ model over several state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, our best model is capable of outperforming the latest deep model for around 1 dB in PSNR, and is 30 times faster.
Full-chip, three-dimensional shapes-based RLC extraction

In this paper, we report the development of a full-chip, three-dimensional, shapes-based, resistence-inductance-capacitance extraction tool, which was developed as part of a university-industry collaboration. The technique of return-limited inductances is used to provide a sparse, frequency-independent inductance and resistance network with self-inductances that represent sensible "nominal" values in the absence of mutual coupling. Mutual inductances are extracted for accurate crosstalk analysis. The tool exploits high-capacity scan-band techniques and disk caching. Accuracy is validated by comparison with full-wave finite-element field solvers.
Early maternal perceptions and child development : a comparison between two subgroups in Israel

Abstract This study compares the links among maternal idealization of the neonate, the assignment of early cognitive attainments to children, and the actual developmental outcome of the infant at 3 months of age in two subgroups in Israel. Mothers of 133 normal healthy neonates from two ethnic groups participated in the study. It was found that Ashkenazi (Western) mothers tended to view their newborn in a more favourable way than the Sephardic (Oriental) mothers. Among the latter group, an idealized perception was associated with better developmental progress of the infant.
ImpactWheel: Visual Analysis of the Impact of Online News

Online news usually describes various events over multiple topics. Some of them may generate great impact and affection on other events, organizations or people. For example, a bankruptcy news about a big company may generate a great impact on other companies. Detecting this kind of impact helps users better to understand the affection of a specified event and its epidemic. Powerful text mining techniques have been developed to help users to detect topic trends of news articles. However, there is a lack of effective analysis tools that analyze and reveal the news impact in an intuitive approach. In this paper, we introduce Impact Wheel, an explorative visual analysis system for topic driven news impact detection. We describe two unique aspects of Impact Wheel, including 1) topic driven impact analysis and 2) interactive rich context visualization. Experiments on performance evaluation show that our proposed approach outperforms the two baseline methods on topic driven impact analysis. In addition, we demonstrate the power of the Impact Wheel system through a case study, which shows the benefits of this work, especially in support of rich topic data analysis.
fMRI Signal Restoration Using a Spatio-Temporal Markov Random Field Preserving Transitions

In fMRI studies, Gaussian filtering is usually applied to improve the detection of activated areas. Such lowpass filtering enhances the signal to noise ratio. However, undesirable secondary effects are a bias on the signal shape and a blurring in the spatial domain. Neighboring activated areas may be merged and the high resolution of the fMRI data compromised. In the temporal domain, activation and deactivation slopes are also blurred. We propose an alternative to Gaussian filtering by restoring the signal using a spatiotemporal Markov Random Field which preserves the shape of the transitions. We define some interaction between neighboring voxels which allows us to reduce the noise while preserving the signal characteristics. An energy function is defined as the sum of the interaction potentials and is minimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. The shape of the hemodynamic response is preserved leading to a better characterization of its properties. We demonstrate the use of this approach by applying it to simulated data and to data obtained from a typical fMRI study.
From Stereotype Threat to Stereotype Threats: Implications of a Multi-Threat Framework for Causes, Moderators, Mediators, Consequences, and Interventions

More than 100 articles have examined the construct of stereotype threat and its implications. However, stereotype threat seems to mean different things to different researchers and has been employed to describe and explain processes and phenomena that appear to be fundamentally distinct. Complementing existing models, the authors posit a Multi-Threat Framework in which six qualitatively distinct stereotype threats arise from the intersection of two dimensions—the target of the threat (the self/one's group) and the source of the threat (the self/outgroup others/ingroup others). The authors propose that these threats constitute the core of the broader stereotype threat construct and provide the foundation for understanding additional, as of yet uncharacterized, stereotype threats. The proposed threats likely differentially peril those with different stigmatizable characteristics, have different eliciting conditions and moderators, are mediated by somewhat different processes, are coped with and compensated for in different ways, and require different interventions to overcome.
Interferon-beta treatment increases human papillomavirus early gene transcription and viral plasmid genome replication by activating interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-1

Abstract Interferons (IFNs) have been used to treat mucosal lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, such as intraepithelial precursor lesions to cancer of the uterine cervix, genital warts or recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, to potentially reduce or eliminate replicating HPV plasmid genomes. Mucosal HPVs have evolved mechanisms that impede IFN-β synthesis and downregulate genes induced by IFN. Here we show that these HPV types directly subvert a cellular transcriptional response to IFN-β as a potential boost in infection. Treatment with low levels of human IFN-β induced initial amplification of HPV-16 and HPV-11 plasmid genomes and increased HPV-16 or HPV-31 DNA copy numbers up to 6-fold in HPV-immortalized keratinocytes. IFN treatment also increased early gene transcription from the major early gene promoters in HPV-16, HPV-31 and HPV-11. Furthermore, mutagenesis of the viral genomes and ectopic interferon regulatory factor (IRF) expression in transfection experiments using IRF-1 −/− , IRF-2 −/− and dual knockout cell lines determined that these responses are due to the activation of IRF-1 interaction with a conserved interferon response element demonstrated in several mucosal HPV early gene promoters. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the varying clinical outcomes of IFN therapy of papillomatoses and define an assay for the modulation of the HPV gene program by IFNs as well as other cytokines and signaling molecules in infection and therapy.
Send Orders for Reprints to Reprints@benthamscience.net Contextual Distance Refining for Image Retrieval

Recently, a number of methods have been proposed to improve image retrieval accuracy by capturing context information. These methods try to compensate for the fact that a visually less similar image might be more relevant because it depicts the same object. We propose a new quick method for refining any pairwise distance metric, it works by iteratively discovering the object in the image from the most similar images, and then refine the distance metric accordingly. Test show that our technique improves over the state of art in terms of accuracy over the MPEG7 dataset.
Sounds of Power: An Overview of Musical Instruments and Gender

This article introduces the four case studies in the volume by outlining salient issues relating to musical instruments and gender. The basis of argument is that gendered meanings are constructed within relationships between humans and musical instruments. The article first examines various ways in which gendered meanings are invested in instruments. Consideration is then given to the general question of male dominance over instrumental musicianship, highlighting issues such as male exclusivity, gendered divisions of labour, gendered space, and male control over technology. Some typical female relationships with instruments are outlined, whereby certain instruments are deemed to be suitable or acceptable for women. Finally, the construction of gender by instrumentalists is related to issues of sexuality, gender role-reversals, and enactments that transcend gender.