Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
G-quadruplexes with (4n - 1) guanines in the G-tetrad core: formation of a G-triad·water complex and implication for small-molecule binding

G-quadruplexes are non-canonical structures of nucleic acids, in which guanine bases form planar G-tetrads (G·G·G·G) that stack on each other in the core of the structure. G-quadruplexes generally contain multiple times of four (4n) guanines in the core. Here, we study the structure of G-quadruplexes with only (4n - 1) guanines in the core. The solution structure of a DNA sequence containing 11 guanines showed the formation of a parallel G-quadruplex involving two G-tetrads and one G-triad with a vacant site. Molecular dynamics simulation established the formation of a stable G-triad·water complex, where water molecules mimic the position of the missing guanine in the vacant site. The concept of forming G-quadruplexes with missing guanines in the core broadens the current definition of G-quadruplex-forming sequences. The potential ability of such structures to bind different metabolites, including guanine, guanosine and GTP, in the vacant site, could have biological implications in regulatory functions. Formation of this unique binding pocket in the G-triad could be used as a specific target in drug design.
Scattering properties of vein induced localized surface plasmon resonances on a gold disk

It is demonstrated via simulations that a gold nano-disk with a non-concentric cavity supports localized surface plasmon resonances over a frequency band that includes the visible and the near-infrared parts of the spectrum. The charge distribution on the disk indicates that the two distinct peaks in the scattering cross section are due to the (hybridized) higher-order plasmon modes; plasmon hybridization that involves the dipole modes of the disk and the cavity enforces the “coupling” of the plane-wave excitation to the originally-dark higher-order modes. It is further demonstrated that the resonance frequencies can be tuned by varying the radius of the embedded non-concentric cavity. The near-field enhancement observed at these two tunable resonance frequencies suggests that the proposed structure can be used as a substrate in surface enhanced spectroscopy applications.
Power Loading for Multicarrier Cognitive Radio with MIMO Antennas

We propose a power loading scheme for multicarrier cognitive radio (CR) network employing multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas.We allocate power to different transmitting antennas within different subcarriers maximizing the total system capacity while maintaining the interference to primary user within a prescribed limit. We formulate this as a convex optimization problem and use numerical methods to solve for optimal power allocation. We also compare the performance of power loading scheme proposed in this paper to conventional uniform power loading scheme with and without interference constraint. Simulation results show that the capacity of MIMO CR using our proposed power loading scheme increases significantly with increase in interference temperature limit and the number of transmit antennas. However, we also confirm that if we include interference constraint in the conventional uniform power loading schemes, the capacity does not increase proportionally with increase in number of transmit antennas as those schemes do not take the instantaneous channel condition between cognitive user transmitter and primary user receiver into account.
CUR+NMF for learning spectral features from large data matrix

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular method for multivariate analysis of nonnegative data. It was successfully applied to learn spectral features from EEG data. However, the size of a data matrix grows, NMF suffers from dasiaout of memorypsila problem. In this paper we present a memory-reduced method where we downsize the data matrix using CUR decomposition before NMF is applied. Experimental results with two EEG data sets in BCI competition, confirm the useful behavior of the proposed method.
Classification of malicious and legitimate nodes for analysing the users' behaviour in heterogeneous online social networks

With exponential growth of Internet in the modern era, social networking has evolved as a preference for the users. The communication overload has exposed insecurity in the network. To cope with this problem, the unwanted users' behavior needs to be distinguished from legitimate users' behavior to make social networking safe for users. In this paper, an analysis has been performed on a subset of two real datasets, one of Facebook links and other of Live Journal by applying classification algorithms. This paper employs REP Tree, Naïve bayes Multinomial Updateable, Complement Naïve bayes and Classification via Clustering algorithms for the classification of the datasets in online social networks like Hi5, LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter, Live Journal etc. Moreover, on the basis of parameters like TP rate, FP rate etc., the best algorithm for the classification of malicious and legitimate users for analyzing users' behavior in heterogeneous online social networks is selected.
Print-and-Scan Resilient Watermarking for Authenticating Paper-Based Certificates

As digital technologies advance, it is very easy to forge a paper-based certificate or images to deceive people, and the counterfeits look almost the same as the originals. Because such forgery causes tremendous losses to the society, the demand for automatic and on-line authentication of paper-based images has been increasing. To solve such a problem, watermarking techniques against the “print-and-scan” attack have been studied extensively. In this paper, a print-and-scan resilient watermarking technique operating in the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) domain is proposed. By embedding a set of peaks as a watermark into the selected DFT coefficients, the watermark is robust against the print-and-scan attack. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can correctly detect the embedded watermark from a printed-and-scanned image. Such a system is thus very useful to prevent forgery by providing on-line, real-time, and automatic authentication of paper-based certificates.
Factor Proportions and the Structure of Commodity Trade

This paper examines how factor proportions determine the structure of commodity trade. It integrates a many-country version of a Heckscher-Ohlin model with a continuum of goods with Paul R. Krugman's (1980) model of monopolistic competition and transport costs. The commodity structure of production and bilateral trade is fully determined. Two main predictions emerge. Countries capture larger shares of world production and trade of commodities that more intensively use their abundant factors. Countries that rapidly accumulate a factor see their production and export structures systematically shift towards industries that intensively use that factor. Both predictions receive support from detailed trade data.
Effects of feedback latency on P300-based brain-computer interface

Feedback has been shown to affect performance when using a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) based on sensorimotor rhythms. In contrast, little is known about the influence of feedback on P300-based BCIs. There is still an open question whether feedback affects the regulation of P300 and consequently the operation of P300-based BCIs. In this paper, for the first time, the influence of feedback on the P300-based BCI speller task is systematically assessed. For this purpose, 24 healthy participants performed the classic P300-based BCI speller task, while only half of them received feedback. Importantly, the number of flashes per letter was reduced on a regular basis in order to increase the frequency of providing feedback. Experimental results showed that feedback could significantly improve the P300-based BCI speller performance, if it was provided in short time intervals (e.g. in sequences as short as 4 to 6 flashes per row/column). Moreover, our offline analysis showed that providing feedback remarkably enhanced the relevant ERP patterns and attenuated the irrelevant ERP patterns, such that the discrimination between target and non-target EEG trials increased.
Cloud‐free shortwave aerosol radiative effect over oceans: Strategies for identifying anthropogenic forcing from Terra satellite measurements

Using the Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data that combines the multi‐spectral Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud and aerosol products with the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) top of atmosphere broadband radiative fluxes, we first provide observational estimates of the instantaneous cloud‐free shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) over the global oceans. Different from our previous research, we corrected for both the sample biases and the diurnal cycle of SWARF and the cloud‐free diurnally averaged SWARF is −5.3 ± 1.7 Wm−2, a value that is consistent with previous studies. Furthermore, we partition the CERES shortwave flux as a function of MODIS aerosol optical thickness and the fraction of fine mode aerosol to the total aerosol optical depth (η). Since η is related to particle size and is a good surrogate for aerosol type, we present strategies for estimating the radiative forcing of anthropogenic aerosols from MODIS and CERES measurements that is important for quantifying the climate forcing of aerosols.
Manipulating signal delivery – plasma-membrane ERK activation in aPKC-dependent migration

Members of the PKC superfamily have been implicated in various migratory models and in particular in spatially restricted processes. However, defining the precise local events that underlie the PKC-dependent processes is constrained by the unspecific nature of interventions. Here we address this problem in relation to atypical PKC (aPKC) action, which in conjunction with the exocyst complex controls the polarised delivery of promigratory signals. A drug-dependent recruitment approach was employed to manipulate the local recruitment of signals to the leading edge of migrating cells, under conditions where the aPKC-exocyst control is globally abrogated. We found that activation of ERK but not JNK at focal adhesions recovers the majority of the migratory loss attributed to ERK action, demonstrating a necessary role for active plasma membrane ERK in the downstream signalling of aPKC-dependent migration. The data further show that restored focal adhesion dynamics are a contributing mechanism through which localized ERK activity influences this aPKC-exocyst-dependent migration.
Differences in Performance Between Winners and Defeated Wrestlers in the European Championships for Cadets

The aim of this study is to determine the difference in performance between winners defeated wrestlers in the Greco-Roman style. Data were collected and analyzed from 946 techniques in parterre and standing positions and the same number achieved technical points of the 2010 European Championships for cadets in the Greco-Roman style. To determine the difference between winners and defeated cadets we used the Wilcoxon’s test at the level of statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. Results of the Wilcoxon’s test showed the existence of differences between winners and defeated cadets in the overall number of performed technical actions in parterre and standing positions (p < .001); performed actions of winners and defeated wrestlers in standing position (p < .001), except in variables Shoulder throw (p = .291) and sagging bodylock (p = .285); performed technical actions by winners and defeated wrestlers in position (p < .005). The total technical points achieved in standing position and parterre position between winners and defeated wrestlers (p < .001); in achieved technical points of winners and defeated wrestlers in the standing position (p < .001), except in 5 points (p = .564) and parterre position (p < .001) except in 5 points (p = .083). This research can help coaches and athletes in the cadets category to raise their performance on the higher level of wrestling.
Capturing and animating the morphogenesis of polygonal tree models

Given a static tree model we present a method to compute developmental stages that approximate the tree's natural growth. The tree model is analyzed and a graph-based description its skeleton is determined. Based on structural similarity, branches are added where pruning has been applied or branches have died off over time. Botanic growth models and allometric rules enable us to produce convincing animations from a young tree that converge to the given model. Furthermore, the user can explore all intermediate stages. By selectively applying the process to parts of the tree even complex models can be edited easily. This form of reverse engineering enables users to create rich natural scenes from a small number of static tree models.
Generalized multiprotocol label switching: an overview of signaling enhancements and recovery techniques

Generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS), also referred to as multiprotocol lambda switching, is a multipurpose control plane paradigm that supports not only devices that perform packet switching, but also devices that perform switching in the time, wavelength, and space domains. The development of GMPLS necessitates enhancements to existing IP signaling and routing protocols. We present enhancements to two commonly used IP signaling protocols, RSVP and LDP, to support GMPLS. We illustrate the concept of hierarchical label switched path setup with an example, discuss mechanisms for bidirectional LSP setup, and describe the applications of suggested labels. We also discuss the important problem of protection and restoration in the GMPLS context. Finally, we describe how various recovery mechanisms can be implemented within the GMPLS framework.
An Open Source Code Analyzer and Reviewer (OSCAR) Framework

Due to the intense usage of IT and the growing number of fields of application, we rely more than ever on functional software components. In conjunction with this development it could be observed that in the last years the popularity of open source software was on the rise for various reasons. However, in the recent past, serious vulnerabilities have been discovered. In order to support open source developers testing their source code for security bugs, in this paper, we present the idea of a framework which combines existing open source security checkers. After presenting the architecture of the framework we demonstrate the functionality of the framework using the vulnerable application Web Goat.
HANDOFF PRIORITIZATION SCHEMES USING EARLY

Upcoming cellular networks are based on the Internet Protocol (IP) to provide efficient support for applications with bursty traffic characteristics, for example, WWW browsers. Such IP-based networks must include Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms to enable the use of real-time applications such as mobile telephony. A major problem with regard to QoS is that such real-time applications have to be interrupted after a handoff if the new cell cannot provide sufficient resources. A large number of different schemes have been proposed to deal with this problem. Basically, they give priorities to sessions performing a handoff into a cell compared to newly arriving sessions in that cell. In this manner, such handoff prioritization schemes can avoid or reduce communication interruptions after a handoff. This article introduces the basic functions of handoff prioritization schemes and describes one proposal for a classification of these schemes. Based on this classification, it finally presents a survey of available schemes. recent trend in mobile communication is the integration of the Internet Protocol (IP) into upcoming mobile networks [1]. In such packet-switched mobile networks, applications with bursty data flows, for example, WWW browsers or video coders with a variable bit rate, can share network resources more efficiently than in traditional circuit-switched mobile networks. To fulfill the requirements of real-time applications, IP-based mobile networks must provide certain assurances on the IP Quality of Service (QoS) parameters such as bandwidth, delay, delay jitter, and packet loss. Current speech coders, for example, require a minimum bandwidth of 4.75 kb/s for an acceptable speech quality of a telephony session. Thus, additional network components to assure the QoS parameters must be integrated into IP-based mobile networks. This comprises suitable packet scheduling schemes, QoS signaling, and resource management [2]. One of the main differences of cellular mobile networks compared to fixed networks is that a mobile terminal can easily change its point of attachment to the mobile network during an ongoing communication session. This phenomenon, known as a handoff [3, 4], can lead to a resource shortage, which means that the negotiated bandwidth for a session is no longer available after a handoff. In such a case of handoff resource shortage, the communication session cannot continue to work on the same QoS level. In the worst case, it must be terminated if no further countermeasures are taken. This constitutes a major problem because the user of a mobile network, in general, expects a …
A Current-Fed Parallel Resonant Push-Pull Inverter with a New Cascaded Coil Flux Control for Induction Heating Applications

This paper presents a cascaded coil flux control based on a Current Source Parallel Resonant Push-Pull Inverter (CSPRPI) for Induction Heating (IH) applications. The most important problems associated with current source parallel resonant inverters are start-up problems and the variable response of IH systems under load variations. This paper proposes a simple cascaded control method to increase an IH system’s robustness to load variations. The proposed IH has been analyzed in both the steady state and the transient state. Based on this method, the resonant frequency is tracked using Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuits using a Multiplier Phase Detector (MPD) to achieve ZVS under the transient condition. A laboratory prototype was built with an operating frequency of 57-59 ㎑ and a rated power of 300 W. Simulation and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed power control method and the PLL dynamics.
Hierarchical allelic pairwise independent functions

Current multivariate EDAs rely on computationally efficient pairwise linkage detection mechanisms to identify higher order linkage blocks. Historical attempts to exemplify the potential disadvantage of this computational shortcut were scarcely successful. In this paper we introduce a new class of test functions to exemplify the inevitable weakness of the simplified linkage learning techniques. Specifically, we show that presently employed EDAs are not able to efficiently mix and decide between building-blocks with pairwise allelic independent components. These problems can be solved by EDAs only at the expense of exploring a vastly larger search space of multivariable linkages.
Arabic Information Retrieval System Based on Noun Phrases

In a rich information context, an information retrieval system must be able to ensure the best results. For this, the aim of our study consists in extracting the knowledge based on document textual contents by associating the analysis smoothness of a linguistic approach to the statistical approach capacity treating large corpus. The statistical approach is based on text mining, mainly on the latent semantic analysis technique; while the linguistic approach is based on the noun phrases which are more susceptible to be used like textual entities in representing the text information than the simple terms. By experimentation in Arabic documents, specialized in the environment field, we show the use of noun phrase impact on the information retrieval system precision
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of 4R-Cembranoid

4R-cembranoid (4R) is a natural cyclic diterpenoid found in tobacco leaves that displays neuroprotective activity. 4R protects against NMDA, paraoxon (POX), and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) damage in rat hippocampal slices and against DFP in rats in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of 4R as part of its preclinical development as a neuroprotective drug. 10 µM 4R was found to be very stable in plasma for up to 1 hr incubation. 4R metabolism in human microsomes was faster than in the rat. Ten metabolites of 4R were detected in the microsomal samples; 6 dihydroxy and 4 monohydroxy forms of 4R. Male rats received a single dose of 4R at 6 mg/kg i.v. , i.m. , or s.c. The i.v. group had the highest plasma concentration of 1017 ng/mL. The t1/2 was 36 min and reached the brain within 10 min. The brain peak concentration was 6516 ng/g. The peak plasma concentration in the i.m. group was 163 ng/mL compared to 138 ng/mL in the s.c. group. The t1/2 of 4R after i.m. and s.c. administration was approximately 1.5 hr. The brain peak concentration was 329 ng/g in the i.m. group and 323 ng/g for the s.c. group. The brain to plasma ratio in the i.v. group was 6.4, reached 10 min after dose, whereas in the i.m. and s.c. groups was 2.49 and 2.48, respectively, at 90 min after dose. Our data show that 4R crosses the BBB and concentrates in the brain where it exerts its neuroprotective effect.
A minimum cross-entropy approach to hidden Markov model adaptation

An adaptation algorithm using the theoretically optimal maximum a posteriori (MAP) formulation, and at the same time accounting for parameter correlation between different classes is desirable, especially when using sparse adaptation data. However, a direct implementation of such an approach may be prohibitive in many practical situations. We present an algorithm that approximates the above mentioned correlated MAP algorithm by iteratively maximizing the set of posterior marginals. With some simplifying assumptions, expressions for these marginals are then derived, using the principle of minimum cross-entropy. The resulting algorithm is simple, and includes conventional MAP estimation as a special case. The utility of the proposed method is tested in adaptation experiments for an alphabet recognition task.
An hoarding approach for supporting disconnected write operations in mobile environments

Caching is one technique that reduces costs and improves performance in mobile environments. It also increases availability during temporary, involuntary disconnections. However, our focus is on voluntary, client initiated disconnections, where hoarding can be used to predict data requirements. Existing hoarding approaches ignore conflicts arising out of write sharing and are thus unable to deal with them. However, since conflicts are detrimental to bandwidth utilisation, for scenarios with high write sharing, hoarding techniques need to provide support for sharing in a manner that reduces or avoids conflicts. We propose a hoarding approach for disconnected write operations that focuses on reducing the likelihood of conflicts, arising from write sharing, in a highly concurrent environment. Data that clients might need when disconnected is predicted based on the notion of semantic similarity. To avoid/reduce conflicts, data are first clustered based on their update probabilities. The hoard tree is then created based on the clusters and semantic similarity between data. Simulations show an increase in the cache hit-rate along with an reduction in the total number of conflicts.