Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PARENTS' EXPERIENCES AS PARTICIPANTS IN A PARENT EDUCATION PROGRAM: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY

By Mary Lucille Rosier, Ed.D. Washington State University December 2008 Chair: Gail C. Furman This purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the experiences of parents who participated in a parent education program offered through a school district in one western state. Consistent with the purpose, this study employed qualitative research design and methods. Qualitative interviews with 12 parent participants were the primary means of data collection. Two general research questions guided the study: What were parents’ perceptions of the nature of their experiences in parent educations programs? What were parents’ perceptions of the academic and social impact of the parent education program on their family? Data analysis utilized a “constant comparative” process that resulted in four themes organized into three major categories related to parent commitment to the program: Establishing the commitment, sustaining the commitment, and realizing the commitment. Additionally, a recursive relationship was discovered; the analysis suggested that parents’ commitment to the program was integrally connected to their belief that “I am my child’s first and best teacher. ” In turn, participation in the program supported and enhanced this belief. This recursive relationship is the fourth and final theme. This study is significant in that it contributes practical and substantive knowledge to districts about designing and conducting early learning parent education programs from the
Similarity Mapping in Spoken Word Recognition

Abstract Five phoneme monitoring experiments are reported that investigate the relationship between the degree of lexical activation (based on similarity of the input to a real word) and phoneme perception. Experiment 1 showed that phoneme monitoring detection times increased as similarity of the carrier to a real word decreased. Experiment 2 replicated these results with a set of two syllable stimuli. Experiment 4 extended the results of Experiments 1 and 2 to a new phoneme. Two additional control experiments (Experiments 3 and 5) were conducted with truncated stimuli where lexical contributions were removed. The results are discussed in terms of the architectural relationship between the acoustic-phonetic input, form-based lexical levels, and semantic levels of representation.
Obesity and treatment of diabetes with glyburide may both be risk factors for acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors, notably drugs, for acute pancreatitis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A population-based case-control study was conducted of 1.4 million inhabitants, aged 20-85 years, of four regions in Sweden between 1 January 1995 and 31 May 1998. A total of 462 case subjects were hospitalized in surgery departments for their first episode of acute pancreatitis without previous gallbladder disease. A total of 1,781 control subjects were randomly selected from a population register. Information was obtained from case records and through telephone interviews. RESULTS A total of 27 case subjects (6%) and 55 control subjects (3%) had prevalent diabetes. A total of 53 case subjects (11%) and 130 control subjects (7%) had a BMI >30 kg/m(2). Use of glyburide had a crude odds ratio (OR) of 3.2 (95% CI 1.5-5.9), and in a multivariate logistic regression adjusted for covariates, the OR for use of glyburide was 2.5 (1.1-5.9). BMI had a continuous OR of 1.2 (1.1-1.4) per 5 units of BMI. The relative risk for hospitalization longer than 14 days or treatment in an intensive care unit was 2.4 (1.1-5.4) among patients with a BMI >30 kg/m(2) when compared with patients with a BMI between 20 and 25 kg/m(2). CONCLUSIONS Use of glyburide and obesity may both be risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Obesity is associated with an extended hospitalization time in subjects with acute pancreatitis.
Attachment And Coping With Two Kinds Of Relationship Stressors

This study evaluated the relationship between recalled parental treatment, attachment style, and coping with parental and romantic stressors. A group of 66 undergraduate students completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) (Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979), a measure of attachment style (Simpson, 1990), general questions regarding the intensity and frequency of parental and romantic stressors, and their typical ways of coping with each type (Vitaliano, Russo, Carr, Maiuro, & Becker, 1985). Data analysis showed that attachment scores were significantly correlated with coping with both kinds of stress. The most significant correlations were found between attachment and coping with romantic stressors. Overall, high or low use of a specific approach to coping was consistent in the face of parental and romantic stressors. Further, exploratory analysis revealed that the habitual intensity of the experienced stressors could act as a moderator of coping techniques.
Comparative Analysis of Proposed POBBx-Index Structure

In this paper the proposed work is compared with the existing index methods like BBxindex and OBBx index structure. This paper proposes the new index structure called POBBx (Parameterized Optimal BBx) which indexes the positions of moving objects, given as linear functions of time, at any time. The index supports queries that select objects based on temporal and spatial constraints, such as queries that retrieve all objects whose positions fall within a spatial range during a set of time intervals. The proposed work reduces lot of searching efforts done by the existing methods and minimized time complexity. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than BBxindex and OBBx index structure.
Interaction of Tyr103 and Tyr264 of the RecA protein with DNA and nucleotide cofactors. Fluorescence study of engineered proteins.

To obtain structural insight on the interaction of the RecA protein with nucleotide cofactors (ATP and ADP) and DNA, we have made two engineered RecA proteins, in which either Tyr103 or Tyr264 was replaced with tryptophan. The fluorescence of tryptophan residues (two/subunit) of wild-type RecA is not significantly altered upon the binding of cofactor or DNA. Therefore, any detectable fluorescence change of the engineered proteins could be directly related to interaction with the particular inserted tryptophan residue. The fluorescence of Trp103 is almost completely quenched upon ADP binding, supporting a stacking interaction of adenine base of ADP with Tyr103. By contrast, with ATP the quenching of fluorescence of Trp103 is not complete (75%), possibly indicating that there is no stacking interaction with ATP. Such a difference could explain the antagonistic effects of ATP and ADP. Both nucleotides partially quench the fluorescence of Trp264 (about 70%), confirming that this residue is in the vicinity of the cofactor-binding site. The binding of ssDNA also decreases the fluorescence of both Trp103 and Trp264, the degree of quenching depending upon base composition and decreasing in the following order: poly(dT) > poly(dI) > M13 ssDNA > poly(dA). This order coincides with that of the binding affinities of these polynucleotides to RecA reported by Cazenave et al. [Cazenave, C. , Chabbert, M. , Toulmé, J. J. & Hélène, C. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 781, 7-13]. This correlation supports the finding that a region very close to Tyr103 interacts with DNA.
Modeling Within-Person Variance in Reaction Time Data of Older Adults

In order to model within-person (WP) variance in a reaction time task, we applied a mixed location scale model using 335 participants from the second wave of the Zurich Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging. The age of the respondents and the performance in another reaction time task were used to explain individual differences in the WP variance. To account for larger variances due to slower reaction times, we also used the average of the predicted individual reaction time (RT) as a predictor for the WP variability. Here, the WP variability was a function of the mean. At the same time, older participants were more variable and those with better performance in another RT task were more consistent in their responses.
Cytokinins Mediate Resistance against Pseudomonas syringae in Tobacco through Increased Antimicrobial Phytoalexin Synthesis Independent of Salicylic Acid Signaling1[W][OA]

Cytokinins are phytohormones that are involved in various regulatory processes throughout plant development, but they are also produced by pathogens and known to modulate plant immunity. A novel transgenic approach enabling autoregulated cytokinin synthesis in response to pathogen infection showed that cytokinins mediate enhanced resistance against the virulent hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci. This was confirmed by two additional independent transgenic approaches to increase endogenous cytokinin production and by exogenous supply of adenine- and phenylurea-derived cytokinins. The cytokinin-mediated resistance strongly correlated with an increased level of bactericidal activities and up-regulated synthesis of the two major antimicrobial phytoalexins in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), scopoletin and capsidiol. The key role of these phytoalexins in the underlying mechanism was functionally proven by the finding that scopoletin and capsidiol substitute in planta for the cytokinin signal: phytoalexin pretreatment increased resistance against P. syringae. In contrast to a cytokinin defense mechanism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) based on salicylic acid-dependent transcriptional control, the cytokinin-mediated resistance in tobacco is essentially independent from salicylic acid and differs in pathogen specificity. It is also independent of jasmonate levels, reactive oxygen species, and high sugar resistance. The novel function of cytokinins in the primary defense response of solanaceous plant species is rather mediated through a high phytoalexin-pathogen ratio in the early phase of infection, which efficiently restricts pathogen growth. The implications of this mechanism for the coevolution of host plants and cytokinin-producing pathogens and the practical application in agriculture are discussed.
Improved Coefficient and Variance Estimation in Stable First-Order Dynamic Regression Models

In dynamic regression models the least-squares coefficient estimators are biased in finite samples, and so are the usual estimators for the disturbance variance and for the variance of the coefficient estimators. By deriving the expectation of the initial terms in an expansion of the usual expression for the asymptotic coefficient variance estimator and by comparing these with an approximation to the true variance we find an approximation to the bias in variance estimation from which a bias corrected estimator for the variance readily follows. This is also achieved for a bias corrected coefficient estimator and allows to compare analytically the second-order approximation to the mean squared error of the least-squares estimator and its counterpart for the first-order bias corrected coefficient estimator. Two rather strong results on efficiency gains through bias correction for AR(1) models follow. Illustrative simulation results on the magnitude of bias in coefficient and variance estimation and on the scope for effective bias correction and efficiency improvement are presented for some relevant particular cases of the ARX(1) class of models.
Risk Taking: Theoretical, Empirical, and Educational Considerations

Selected findings on risk taking derived from theories of economics and psychology and thought to be relevant to education are presented. The theoretical benefits associated with moderate (.50 probability of success) levels of risk taking, as well as the potential problems associated with the use of risk-taking activities as means of enhancing student learning and motivation, are discussed. A program of research designed to identify the determinants and effects of academic risk taking (i.e., selection of school-relevant tasks varying in difficulty) among children and adults is reviewed. Although students admitted having low tolerance for error making and failure, initial results indicate that (a) they could be encouraged to take moderate academic risks, (b) they were interested in academic risk-taking tasks, and (c) risk-taking tasks facilitated learning and appeared to elicit increased effort expenditure. Suggestions for further theory- and field-based research in academic risk: taking are offered, inclu.
Least squares congealing for unsupervised alignment of images

In this paper, we present an approach we refer to as ldquoleast squares congealingrdquo which provides a solution to the problem of aligning an ensemble of images in an unsupervised manner. Our approach circumvents many of the limitations existing in the canonical ldquocongealingrdquo algorithm. Specifically, we present an algorithm that:- (i) is able to simultaneously, rather than sequentially, estimate warp parameter updates, (ii) exhibits fast convergence and (iii) requires no pre-defined step size. We present alignment results which show an improvement in performance for the removal of unwanted spatial variation when compared with the related work of Learned-Miller on two datasets, the MNIST hand written digit database and the MultiPIE face database.
Early numeracy in low‐performing young children

The aim of this study was to explore the early numeracy of low‐performing young children. The mean age of the children was six years and four months. The 511 participants belonged to three groups: multi‐language children, children with special educational needs and children with average performance. The results showed that there were significant group differences in early numeracy: the children in the reference group had better relational and counting skills than those with a multi‐language background and those with special educational needs. Some differences were found in counting skills between the children with multi‐language background and those with special educational needs. Finally, (special) educational support for low‐performing children is discussed.
A Homicide in the Ukraine: DNA-based Identification of a Boiled, Skeletonized, and Varnished Human Skull, and of Bone Fragments Found in a Fireplace

In an apartment, bone fragments were found in a fireplace. Furthermore, a varnished skull was found elsewhere in the same apartment. The tenant confessed to a murder and stated that the head of a victim, a girl, was boiled for 12 hours. He stated that the soft tissue was then removed and the skull was varnished. Other parts of the body were burned to ashes in an open field. Comparison of loci D19S252, CD4, CYAR04, TII01, F13A01, F13B, and D6S366 from the skull and the bone remains to loci of the mother of a missing girl showed that the skull came from that missing child. Biological maternity was calculated as 99.99%. The bone pieces were DNA typed as male and did not share alleles with the mother in several systems. Therefore, they belonged to a different (human) victim.
The Boundary Between Privacy and Utility in Data Publishing

We consider the privacy problem in data publishing: given a database instance containing sensitive information "anonymize" it to obtain a view such that, on one hand attackers cannot learn any sensitive information from the view, and on the other hand legitimate users can use it to compute useful statistics. These are conflicting goals. In this paper we prove an almost crisp separation of the case when a useful anonymization algorithm is possible from when it is not, based on the attacker's prior knowledge. Our definition of privacy is derived from existing literature and relates the attacker's prior belief for a given tuple t, with the posterior belief for the same tuple. Our definition of utility is based on the error bound on the estimates of counting queries. The main result has two parts. First we show that if the prior beliefs for some tuples are large then there exists no useful anonymization algorithm. Second, we show that when the prior is bounded for all tuples then there exists an anonymization algorithm that is both private and useful. The anonymization algorithm that forms our positive result is novel, and improves the privacy/utility tradeoff of previously known algorithms with privacy/utility guarantees such as FRAPP.
Towards a discourse relation-aware approach for Chinese-English machine translation

Translation of discourse relations is one of the recent efforts of incorporating discourse information to statistical machine translation (SMT). While existing works focus on disambiguation of ambiguous discourse connectives, or transformation of discourse trees, only explicit discourse relations are tackled. A greater challenge exists in machine translation of Chinese, since implicit discourse relations are abundant and occur both inside and outside a sentence. This thesis proposal describes ongoing work on bilingual discourse annotation and plans towards incorporating discourse relation knowledge to a ChineseEnglish SMT system with consideration of implicit discourse relations. The final goal is a discourse-unit-based translation model unbounded by the traditional assumption of sentence-to-sentence translation.
Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked oligosaccharides.

A number of glycoproteins have oligosaccharides linked to protein in a GlcNAc----asparagine bond. These oligosaccharides may be either of the complex, the high-mannose or the hybrid structure. Each type of oligosaccharides is initially biosynthesized via lipid-linked oligosaccharides to form a Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol and transfer of this oligosaccharide to protein. The oligosaccharide portion is then processed, first of all by removal of all three glucose residues to give a Man9GlcNAc2-protein. This structure may be the immediate precursor to the high-mannose structure or it may be further processed by the removal of a number of mannose residues. Initially four alpha 1,2-linked mannoses are removed to give a Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein which is then lengthened by the addition of a GlcNAc residue. This new structure, the GlcNAc- Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein, is the substrate for mannosidase II which removes the alpha 1,3- and alpha 1,6-linked mannoses . Then the other sugars, GlcNAc, galactose, and sialic acid, are added sequentially to give the complex types of glycoproteins. A number of inhibitors have been identified that interfere with glycoprotein biosynthesis, processing, or transport. Some of these inhibitors have been valuable tools to study the reaction pathways while others have been extremely useful for examining the role of carbohydrate in glycoprotein function. For example, tunicamycin and its analogs prevent protein glycosylation by inhibiting the first step in the lipid-linked pathway, i.e., the formation of Glc NAc-pyrophosphoryl-dolichol. These antibiotics have been widely used in a number of functional studies. Another antibiotic that inhibits the lipid-linked saccharide pathway is amphomycin, which blocks the formation of dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. In vitro, this antibiotic gives rise to a Man5GlcNAc2 -pyrophosphoryl-dolichol from GDP-[14C]mannose, indicating that the first five mannose residues come directly from GDP-mannose rather than from dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. Other antibodies that have been shown to act at the lipid-level are diumycin , tsushimycin , tridecaptin, and flavomycin. In addition to these types of compounds, a number of sugar analogs such as 2-deoxyglucose, fluoroglucose , glucosamine, etc. have been utilized in some interesting experiments. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit glycoprotein processing. One of these, the alkaloid swainsonine , inhibits mannosidase II that removes alpha-1,3 and alpha-1,6 mannose residues from the GlcNAc- Man5GlcNAc2 -peptide. Thus, in cultured cells or in enveloped viruses, swainsonine causes the formation of a hybrid structure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sequence summarizing neural network for speaker adaptation

In this paper, we propose a DNN adaptation technique, where the i-vector extractor is replaced by a Sequence Summarizing Neural Network (SSNN). Similarly to i-vector extractor, the SSNN produces a "summary vector", representing an acoustic summary of an utterance. Such vector is then appended to the input of main network, while both networks are trained together optimizing single loss function. Both the i-vector and SSNN speaker adaptation methods are compared on AMI meeting data. The results show comparable performance of both techniques on FBANK system with frame-classification training. Moreover, appending both the i-vector and "summary vector" to the FBANK features leads to additional improvement comparable to the performance of FMLLR adapted DNN system.
As they like it: Pupil preferences, self‐estimates and performance scores on science tasks

Abstract When pupils are asked to make judgements about their performance on science tasks how are their predictions influenced by their liking for the task? Do they have preferences for particular kinds of tasks? Do expressed preferences affect performance in any way? This paper examines these questions and a complex of issues relating to pupils’ self‐assessment and performance. It concentrates on the nature of tasks which elicit expressions of preference, and on the effect of such preferences on self‐assessment and subsequent performance. The data show a positive relationship between liking and performance for girls. This is evidenced even though both boys and girls like the same kinds of question; these being of a dynamic nature in which they are actively involved. Boys’ performance is not affected by their‐like or dislike for questions. Some implications of these findings are discussed. Suggestions are made for improving the performance and motivation of girls through the use of such tasks in both tea.
Linking shared organisational context and relational capital through unlearning: An initial empirical investigation in SMEs

Purpose – The environment provided by an organisation to facilitate learning and create knowledge has been defined as the shared organisational context. The value to an organisation of knowledge created by the shared organisational context is called intellectual capital, of which one key component is relational capital. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the aspect of learning concerned with challenging the basic beliefs or processes that companies take for granted, which is embodied in the concept of unlearning.Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the literature to identify relevant measures and present a structural equation model, which is validated through an empirical investigation of 139 small‐ to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Spanish optometry sector.Findings – The results indicate that companies need to support unlearning as a prior step, otherwise unlearning does not have any significant effect on the creation of relational capital.Research limitations/implications – Few.