Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Training intensity modulates changes in PGC‐1α and p53 protein content and mitochondrial respiration, but not markers of mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle

Exercise training has been associated with increased mitochondrial content and respiration. However, no study to date has compared in parallel how training at different intensities affects mitochondrial respiration and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis. Twenty‐nine healthy men performed 4 wk (12 cycling sessions) of either sprint interval training [SIT; 4–10 × 30‐s all‐out bouts at ~200% of peak power output (WPeak)], high‐intensity interval training (HIIT; 4–7 × 4‐min intervals at ~90% WPeak), or sublactate threshold continuous training (STCT; 20–36 min at ~65% WPeak). The STCT and HIIT groups were matched for total work. Resting biopsy samples (vastus lateralis) were obtained before and after training. The maximal mitochondrial respiration in permeabilized muscle fibers increased significantly only after SIT (25%). Similarly, the protein content of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor g coactivator (PGC)‐1α, p53, and plant homeodomain finger‐containing protein 20 (PHF20) increased only after SIT (60–90%). Conversely, citrate synthase activity, and the protein content of TFAM and subunits of the electron transport system complexes remained unchanged throughout. Our findings suggest that training intensity is an important factor that regulates training‐induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and that there is an apparent dissociation between training‐induced changes in mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial content. Moreover, changes in the protein content of PGC‐1α, p53, and PHF20 are more strongly associated with training‐induced changes in mitochondrial respiration than mitochondrial content. —Granata, C. , Oliveira, R. S. F. , Little, J. P., Renner, K. , Bishop, D. J. Training intensity modulates changes in PGC‐1α and p53 protein content and mitochondrial respiration, but not markers of mitochondrial content in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 30, 959–970 (2016). www.fasebj. org
An index system for dynamic peer-to-peer network based on document usefulness

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are applied to cooperative working environments, but require more effective document sharing mechanisms, particularly, more efficient query processing. To achieve efficient query processing in the environment, we study a distributed indexing mechanism, normal direct indices (DIs), which are the key to reducing the number of queries and improving scalability over P2P networks. However, query processing with DIs cannot efficiently deal with an increase in the number of document categories because a DI holds the peer's information, not the document information. Therefore, we propose an improved DI, query-based DIs (QDIs). We assume that the peer is relevant to the query terms that the peer sends. This assumption allows each peer with correct QDIs to forward the query messages to their destination. To validate the QDIs, we show experimental results on query processing with and without DIs and show the improvement in network performance.
Electrophysiological evaluation of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) in assessing poststroke wrist flexor spasticity.

BACKGROUND Spasticity is a common impairment following upper motor neuron lesions such as stroke. The appropriate measurement of muscle spasticity using validated tools to evaluate the outcome of therapies is important in clinical and research settings. OBJECTIVE To determine the concurrent criterion-related validity of the Modified Tardieu Scale (MTS) in assessing poststroke wrist flexor muscle spasticity based on its correlation with H-reflex tests. METHODS A total of 20 adult patients poststroke underwent clinical and electrophysiological assessment of wrist flexor muscle spasticity on the affected side. The primary outcome measures were: R2-R1 of the MTS; and the H-reflex indices of Hmax/Mmax ratio and Hslp/Mslp ratio. The Hslp and the latency of H-reflex were also measured. RESULTS Correlations tests did not reveal significant associations between the clinical and H-reflex tests. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the MTS may not be a valid tool to evaluate muscle spasticity in this sample of patients after stroke.
A New Approach to Parameters Identification of Fuzzy Regression Models

We present a new approach to parameters identification of the fuzzy regression model with respect to the e-insensitive estimator in this paper. The proposed method firstly employs the improved fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm to carry out fuzzy partition of input-output data pairs, which ascertains the membership functions of fuzzy system. Secondly, the quadratic convex optimization similar to the optimization in support vector regression machine is obtained based on e-insensitive estimator, which guarantees the feasibility of parameters identification. Besides, a comparison between the fuzzy regression system based on the e-insensitive estimator and that based on the least square estimator is made according to the performance index of root mean square error. The results show that the fuzzy regression models based on the proposed method are more insensitive to a small number of outliers and the number of clusters than that based on the least squares estimator.
Active 3D recognition system based on fourier descriptors

This paper presents a new 3D object recognition/pose strategy based on reduced sets of Fourier descriptors on silhouettes. The method consists of two parts. First, an off-line process calculates and stores a clustered Fourier descriptors database corresponding to the silhouettes of the synthetic model of the object viewed from multiple viewpoints. Next, an on-line process solves the recognition/pose problem for an object that is sensed by a real camera placed at the end of a robotic arm. The method avoids ambiguity problems (object symmetries or similar projections belonging to different objects) and erroneous results by taking additional views which are selected through an original next best view (NBV) algorithm. The method provides, in very reduced computation time, the object identification and pose of the object. A validation test of this method has been carried out in our lab yielding excellent results.
How Effective is Anti-Phishing Training for Children?

User training is a commonly used method for preventing victimization from phishing attacks. In this study, we focus on training children, since they are active online but often overlooked in interventions. We present an experiment in which children at Dutch primary schools received an anti-phishing training. The subjects were subsequently tested for their ability to distinguish phishing from non-phishing. A control group was used to control for external effects. Furthermore, the subjects received a re-test after several weeks to measure how well the children retained the training. The training improved the children's overall score by 14%. The improvement was mostly caused by an increased score on the questions where they had to detect phishing. The score on recognizing legitimate emails was not affected by the training. We found that the improved phishing score returned to pre-training levels after four weeks. Conversely, the score of recognition of legitimate emails increased over time. After four weeks, trained pupils scored significantly better in recognizing legitimate emails than their untrained counterparts. Age had a positive effect on the score (i.e., older children scored higher than younger ones); but sex had no significant influence. In conclusion, educating children to improve their ability to detect phishing works in the short term only. However, children go to school regularly, making it easier to educate them than adults. An increased focus on the cybersecurity of children is essential to improve overall cybersecurity in the future.
Capacity credit and reasonable ESS evaluation of power system including WTGs combined with BESS

This paper proposes a new method for evaluating Effective Load Carrying Capability(ELCC) and Capacity Credit(C.C.) of power system including Wind Turbine Generator(WTG) combined with Battery Energy Storage System(BESS). WTG can only generate electricity power when the fuel(wind) is available. Because of fluctuation of wind speed, WTG generates intermittent power. In view point of reliability of power system, intermittent power of WTG is similar with probabilistic characteristics based on power on-off due to mechanical availability of conventional generator. Therefore, high penetration of WTG will occur difficulties in power operation. The high penetration of numerous and large capacity WTG can make risk to power system adequacy, quality and stability. Therefore, the penetration of WTG is limited in the world. This study develops a new method to assess how much is penetration of WTG able to extended when WTG is combined with BESS. This paper demonstrates a various case studies of ELCC and C.C. of power system containing WTG combined with BESS using model system as similar as Korea power system.
MglA and Igl Proteins Contribute to the Modulation of Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain-Containing Phagosomes in Murine Macrophages

ABSTRACT The Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS), in contrast to its iglC mutant, replicates in the cytoplasm of macrophages. We studied the outcome of infection of the murine macrophagelike cell line J774A.1 with LVS and with iglC, iglD, and mglA mutants, the latter of which is deficient in a global regulator. Compared to LVS, all of the mutants showed impaired intracellular replication up to 72 h, and the number of the mglA mutant bacteria even decreased. Colocalization with LAMP-1 was significantly increased for all mutants compared to LVS, indicating an impaired ability to escape into the cytoplasm. A lysosomal acidity-dependent dye accumulated in approximately 40% of the vacuoles containing mutant bacteria but not at all in vacuoles containing LVS. Preactivation of the macrophages with gamma interferon inhibited the intracellular growth of all strains and significantly increased acidification of phagosomes containing the mutants, but it only slightly increased the LAMP-1 colocalization. The intracellular replication and phagosomal escape of the iglC and iglD mutants were restored by complementation in trans. In conclusion, the IglC, IglD, and MglA proteins each directly or indirectly critically contribute to the virulence of F. tularensis LVS, including its intracellular replication, cytoplasmic escape, and inhibition of acidification of the phagosomes.
Venous Thromboembolism Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: The Role of Aspirin.

Patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are at risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Data from prior decades suggested that, without prophylaxis, the rate of DVT in patients undergoing TJA was between 35% and 84%, although the majority of the DVTs were asymptomatic. The etiology of VTE after TJA is multifactorial. The event is believed to be initiated during surgery as a result of the physiological insult that induces a hypercoagulable state. In addition, the manipulation of the extremity and the surgical exposure result in a direct or indirect vessel wall trauma and intimal damage. The kinking of the major veins during lower extremity surgery may also induce venous stasis that causes pooling of the venous blood and the potential for the development of DVT. It is important to note that there is a relationship between DVT and PE, especially in the context of lower extremity surgery, as they are both part of a hypercoagulable state in the patient. However, recent studies have demonstrated that DVT and PE can occur independently of each other, and the traditionally believed concept that DVT may mechanically propagate to the lungs has been questioned by recent studies. Because of the relatively high risk of VTE following TJA, administration of prophylaxis is recommended. However, in recent years, improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques, in combination with early patient ambulation, have led to a substantial reduction in the background rate of VTE. This reduction has, according to an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, resulted in a decreased economic burden from VTE in recent years. The decline in the rate of VTE following TJA has provided the opportunity for less
Building a dynamic electromechanical model for the pacific AC intertie using PMU measurements

In this paper we present several new results on how to construct simplified inter-area models of large power networks by using dynamic measurements available from phasor measurement units (PMUs) installed at specific points on the transmission line. Our example of study in this paper is a widely encountered realistic system, namely the Pacific AC intertie, which closely resembles a star-connected three-area power system. We derive analytical results showing how the voltage, phase angle and frequency oscillations at different buses on the transfer path of this intertie can be used to estimate the essential parameters of the three-machine equivalent model of this three-area system. We illustrate the results with actual disturbance event data from the WECC.
A filtered backprojection algorithm with ray-by-ray noise weighting.

PURPOSE This paper derives a ray-by-ray weighted filtered backprojection (rFBP) algorithm, based on our recently developed view-by-view weighted, filtered backprojection (vFBP) algorithm. METHODS The rFBP algorithm directly extends the vFBP algorithm by letting the noise weighting vary from channel to channel within each view. The projection data can be weighted in inverse proportion to their noise variances. Also, an edge-preserving bilateral filter is suggested to perform post filtering to further reduce the noise. The proposed algorithm has been implemented for the circular-orbit cone-beam geometry based on Feldkamp's algorithm. RESULTS Image reconstructions with computer simulations and clinical cadaver data are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The new FBP-type algorithm is able to significantly reduce or remove the noise texture, which the conventional FBP is unable to do. The computation time of the proposed rFBP algorithm is approximately the same as the conventional FBP algorithm. CONCLUSIONS A ray-based noise-weighting scheme is introduced to the FBP algorithm. This new FBP-type algorithm significantly reduces or removes the streaking artifacts in low-dose CT.
Novel Sites of N-Glycosylation in ROMK1 Reveal the Putative Pore-forming Segment H5 as Extracellular*

Inwardly rectifying K+ channels (IRKs) maintain resting membrane potential, excitability, and K+ exchange. The proposed topological model of IRKs consists of intracellular amino and carboxyl termini and two transmembrane segments (M1 and M2) linked by a pore-forming segment (H5). Structure-function studies have identified critical pore determinants in M2 and the carboxyl terminus but not as expected by analogy with voltage-dependent K+ channels, in H5. We investigated the topology of the IRK ROMK1 by substituting novel N-glycosylation sites which act as markers for extracellular segments. N-Glycosylation, before and after an N-glycosylation inhibitor, tunicamycin, was measured directly by gel shift assays and changes in membrane currents. Tunicamycin produced gel shifts and changes in membrane currents that correlated exactly. N-Glycosylation sites substituted into the amino and carboxyl termini and the M1 segment gave results consistent with the proposed model. N-Glycosylation sites were distributed throughout H5 and its flanking regions indicating that H5 is mainly extracellular. Thus, the linker between M1 and M2 has little or no intramembranous component.
Assessment of left ventricular 2D flow pathlines during early diastole using spatial modulation of magnetization with polarity alternating velocity encoding: A study in normal volunteers and canine animals with myocardial infarction

A high‐temporal resolution 2D flow pathline analysis method to study early diastolic filling is presented. Filling patterns in normal volunteers (n = 8) and canine animals [baseline (n = 1) and infarcted (n = 6)] are studied. Data are acquired using spatial modulation of magnetization with polarity alternating velocity encoding, which permits simultaneous quantification of 1D blood velocities (using phase contrast encoding) and myocardial strain (using spatial modulation of magnetization tagging and harmonic phase analysis) at high‐temporal resolution of 14 ms within a single breath hold. Virtual emitter particles, released from the mitral valve plane every time frame during rapid filling, are tracked to depict the 2D pathlines on the imaged plane. The pathline regional distribution is compared with myocardial longitudinal strains and to regional pressure gradients. Quantitative analysis of net kinetic energy of pathlines is finally performed. Our results demonstrate a linear correlation (r2 = 0.85) between pathline spatial distribution and myocardial strain. Peak net kinetic energy of 0.06 ± 0.01 mJ in normal volunteers, 0.043 mJ in baseline dog, 0.143 ± 0.03 mJ in infarcted dogs with nominal flow dysfunction, and 0.016 ± 0.007 mJ in infarcted dogs with severe flow dysfunction is observed. In conclusion, 2D pathline analysis provides a direct regional assessment of early diastolic filling patterns and is sensitive to abnormalities in early diastolic filling. Magn Reson Med 70:766–775, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sweating responses during heat acclimation and moderate conditioning.

Experiments were conducted on ten young male subjects to determine sweating onset, distribution, and patterns as well as the relationships of these responses to body temperature during heat acclimation and moderate conditioning performed in temperate (24 C) conditions. The subjects are randomly assigned to two groups of five subjects each. The experimental period consisted of eight successive days of either graded exercise to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer in heat (acclimation group) or in a temperate environment (control group). Major conclusions are that (1) acclimation and conditioning result in relatively more sweat rate on the limbs than on the torso, but that these changes are less related to body temperature than torso sweat rate; and (2) sweating sensitivity increases during acclimation and conditioning, but its contribution to heat acclimation is minor.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Dose Range Study of Dexmedetomidine as Adjunctive Therapy for Alcohol Withdrawal*

Objectives:To evaluate dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy to lorazepam for severe alcohol withdrawal. Design:Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting:Single center; medical ICU. Patients:Twenty-four adult patients with a Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment score greater than or equal to 15 despite greater than or equal to 16 mg of lorazepam over a 4-hour period. Interventions:Patients received a symptom-triggered Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment protocol with lorazepam and were randomized to dexmedetomidine 1.2 &mgr;g/kg/hr (high dose), 0.4 &mgr;g/kg/hr (low dose), or placebo as adjunctive therapy for up to 5 days or resolution of withdrawal symptoms. Measurement and Main Results:High-dose and low-dose groups were combined as a single dexmedetomidine group for primary analysis with secondary analysis exploring a dose-response relationship. The difference in 24-hour lorazepam requirements after versus before study drug was greater in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the placebo group (–56 mg vs –8 mg, p = 0.037). Median differences were similar for high dose and low dose. The 7-day cumulative lorazepam requirements were not statistically different between dexmedetomidine and placebo (159 mg vs 181 mg). Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment or Riker sedation-agitation scale scores representing severe agitation (13% vs 25%) or moderate agitation (27% vs 22%) within 24 hours of initiating study drug were similar for dexmedetomidine and placebo groups, respectively. Bradycardia occurred more frequently in the dexmedetomidine group versus placebo group (25% vs 0%, p = not significant), with the majority of bradycardia occurring in the high-dose group (37.5%). Study drug rate adjustments occurred more often in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the placebo group (50% vs 0%, p = 0.02). Neither endotracheal intubation nor seizure occurred in any group while on study drug. Conclusions:Adjunctive dexmedetomidine for severe alcohol withdrawal maintains symptom control and reduces lorazepam exposure in the short term, but not long term, when using a symptom-triggered protocol. Monitoring for bradycardia is needed with dexmedetomidine but the occurrence may be lessened with low dose. Further study is needed to evaluate the clinical impact of dexmedetomidine.
[Male contraception of triptonide and its function mechanism].

OBJECTIVE The male contraceptive mechanism in rats of triptonide, isolated from Multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW), was investigated. METHODS The dosage of triptonide was 200 micrograms/(kg.d), fed for 8 weeks via gastric intubation. Sperm counts, sperm motility, and sperm silver staining were used to test the antispermatogenic effect of triptonide; the study of morphology was learned from paraffin sections of testis and visceras of triptonide-treated rats; protamine was abstracted from testis by electrophoresis; using antisense mRNA of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 as prodes, we examined the expression of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 through hybridization in situ. RESULTS Sperm counts (26.43 +/- 3.90) x 10(6)/g and sperm motility(66.0 +/- 6.8)% of triptonide-treated rats were substantially different from those of control, (41.15 +/- 5.51) x 10(6)/g (P < 0.01) and (88.0 +/- 2.0)% (P < 0.001). Paraffin sections of testis of triptonide-treated rats stained by PAS showed that the number of spermatids per 100 sertoli cells (9.15 +/- 0.33) was remarkably decreased compared with control's (10.73 +/- 0.38) (P < 0.001). At the same time, delaying sperm-released process was observed, which affects the nature course of sperm. And the extended vacuoles of vary sizes, the segregation of cells in lumens were also found in the cross-section of testis of rats treated with triptonide. In addition, the contents of protamine (4.6 +/- 2.2)% was extremely decreased, compared with the control's (40.6 +/- 7.2)% (P < 0.001). By using antisense mRNA of cyclin D1 and Cdk4 as prodes, we detected that the expression of the genes was notably increased in spermatids. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest the antispermatogenic effect of triptonide is very well and it mainly plays its role on spermatids by increasing the expression of cyclin D1 and Cdk4, meanwhile, decreasing the biosynthesis of protamine. The appropriate target region of triptonide makes itself most potency to be a suitable male antifertility drug.
The Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine Underlying the Prevention and Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized with bradykinesia, static tremor, rigidity and disturbances in balance, is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Along with the largely aging population in the world, the incidence is increasing year by year, which imposes the negative impacts on patients, their families and the whole society. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a positive prospect for the prevention and cure of PD due to its advantages of less side effects and multi-target effects. At present, the pathogenesis of PD is not yet fully discovered. This paper elaborates the mechanisms of TCM underlying the prevention and treatment of PD with regards to the inhibition of oxidative stress, the regulation of mitochondrial dysfunction, the reduction of toxic excitatory amino acids (EAA), the inhibition of neuroinflammation, the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, and the inhibition of abnormal protein aggregation.