Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secretagogin expression in tumours of the human brain and its coverings

Secretagogin is a recently described calcium‐binding protein, which is expressed in some neurons of the human brain. In this study we systematically investigated secretagogin expression in 245 tumours of the human brain and its coverings using immunohistochemistry. We found focal or widespread secretagogin expression in tumour cells in 1/18 oligoastrocytomas, 1/19 oligodendrogliomas, 2/20 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 2/9 ependymomas, 2/11 anaplastic ependymomas, 2/10 glioblastomas, 3/11 gangliogliomas and 1/2 anaplastic gangliogliomas, 10/10 central neurocytomas, 5/10 classic medulloblastomas, 4/5 desmoplastic medulloblastomas, 3/5 large cell/anaplastic medulloblastomas, 3/5 neuroblastomas, 3/10 meningiomas, 2/10 haemangioblastomas, and 13/19 pituitary adenomas. Further, we observed secretagogin expression in endothelial cells in 5/10 meningiomas, 2/5 haemangiopericytomas, and 2/10 haemangioblastomas. We detected no secretagogin expression in fibrillary astrocytoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, DNT, pineocytoma, pineoblastoma, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour (AT/RT), or primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). We conclude that secretagogin is differentially expressed in human neuronal, glial, and embryonal brain tumours, meningial neoplasms and pituitary adenomas. Our findings indicate that secretagogin is involved in the calcium metabolism of tumour cells and endothelial cells in a subset of neoplasms of the brain and its coverings. Anti‐secretagogin immunohistochemistry does not seem to be helpful in most differential diagnostic situations in surgical neuropathology.
Identifying relevant feature-action associations for grasping unmodelled objects

: Action aﬀordance learning based on visual sensory information is a crucial problem within the development of cognitive agents. In this paper, we present a method for learning action aﬀordances based on basic visual features, which can vary in their granularity, order of combination and semantic content. The method is provided with a large and structured set of visual features, motivated by the visual hierarchy in primates and ﬁnds relevant feature action associations automatically. We apply our method in a simulated environment on three diﬀerent object sets for the case of grasp aﬀordance learning. For box objects, we achieve a 0.90 success probability, 0.80 for round objects and up to 0.75 for open objects, when presented with novel objects. In this work, we in particular demonstrate the eﬀect of choosing appropriate feature representations. We could demonstrate a signiﬁcant performance improvement by increasing the complexity of the perceptual representation. By that, we could present important insights in how the design of the feature space inﬂuences the actual learning problem.
Multi-sensor fusion strategy to obtain 3-D occupancy profile

This paper presents a strategy to fuse information from two vision sensors and one infrared proximity sensor to obtain a three-dimensional occupancy profile of robotic workspace, identify key features, and obtain a 3-D model of the objects in the work space. The two vision sensors are mounted on a stereo rig on the sidewall of the robotic workcell. The IR sensor is mounted on the wrist of the robot. The vision sensors on the stereo rig provide information about the three-dimensional position of any point in the robotic workspace. The IR sensor provides the distance of an object from the sensor. The information from these sensors has been fused using a probabilistic approach based on Bayesian formalism in an occupancy grid framework to obtain a 3-D occupancy model of the workspace. The proposed fusion and sensor modeling scheme is demonstrated to reduce individual sensor uncertainties and perform at a superior level as compared to some other schemes.
Identification and characterization of novel and differentially expressed microRNAs in peripheral blood from healthy and mastitis Holstein cattle by deep sequencing.

MicroRNA (miRNA) mediates post-transcriptional gene regulation and plays an important role in regulating the development of immune cells and in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses in mammals, including cattle. In the present study, we identified novel and differentially expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood from healthy and mastitis Holstein cattle by Solexa sequencing and bioinformatics. In total, 608 precursor hairpins (pre-miRNAs) encoding for 753 mature miRNAs were detected. Statistically, 173 unique miRNAs (of 753, 22.98%) were identified that had significant differential expression between healthy and mastitis Holstein cattle (P < 0.001). Most differentially expressed miRNAs (118 of 173, 68.21%) belonged to the chemokine signaling pathway involved in the immune responses. This study expands the number of miRNAs known to be expressed in cattle. The patterns of miRNAs expression differed significantly between the peripheral blood from healthy and mastitis Holstein cattle, which provide important information on mastitis in miRNAs expression. Diverse miRNAs may play an important role in the treatment of mastitis in Holstein cattle.
Road Sign Tracking with a Predictive Filter Solution

This paper deals with the problem of estimating traffic sign position in successive frames for automatic detection systems, whose main applications involve road sign maintenance and driver-assistance systems. For road sign detection systems, the problem is traditionally handled using the information in a single-frame way. In this paper we describe the application of adaptive filters for tracking road signs. Results show that using a predictive filter we get a better performance than the obtained at the output of the recognition system, processing each frame independently. False alarms are eliminated, in most cases, because they are temporally incoherent
Going back and forth in metacommunication threads

This paper presents an exploratory study about how savvy end users configure return points in mediated interactions with Web applications through WNH (Web Navigation Helper), a user agent that supports rephrasing, explanation, commentary and elaboration of interaction in scripted Web activities. The study is part of a long-term research on self-expression through software programming. Savvy users creating mediation dialogs for the benefit of other users (third parties) are actually engaged in a human-computer interaction (HCI) design process involved in end user development (EUD). The study shows that decisions about when, where, how and why to go back to previous points in the design of mediated conversation with WNH are very complex, even for savvy users. More importantly, we collected powerful evidence of the participants' interpretation of what interaction through WNH is all about. We believe that such evidence stands for their intuitions about HCI in a broader sense. The main contribution of the study is thus to illuminate aspects of EUD and HCI that haven't been discussed to-date and to propose questions for new kinds of investigation.
Management adaptation of invertebrate fisheries to an extreme marine heat wave event at a global warming hot spot

Abstract An extreme marine heat wave which affected 2000 km of the midwest coast of Australia occurred in the 2010/11 austral summer, with sea‐surface temperature (SST) anomalies of 2–5°C above normal climatology. The heat wave was influenced by a strong Leeuwin Current during an extreme La Niña event at a global warming hot spot in the Indian Ocean. This event had a significant effect on the marine ecosystem with changes to seagrass/algae and coral habitats, as well as fish kills and southern extension of the range of some tropical species. The effect has been exacerbated by above‐average SST in the following two summers, 2011/12 and 2012/13. This study examined the major impact the event had on invertebrate fisheries and the management adaption applied. A 99% mortality of Roei abalone (Haliotis roei) and major reductions in recruitment of scallops (Amusium balloti), king (Penaeus latisulcatus) and tiger (P. esculentus) prawns, and blue swimmer crabs were detected with management adapting with effort reductions or spatial/temporal closures to protect the spawning stock and restocking being evaluated. This study illustrates that fisheries management under extreme temperature events requires an early identification of temperature hot spots, early detection of abundance changes (preferably using pre‐recruit surveys), and flexible harvest strategies which allow a quick response to minimize the effect of heavy fishing on poor recruitment to enable protection of the spawning stock. This has required researchers, managers, and industry to adapt to fish stocks affected by an extreme environmental event that may become more frequent due to climate change.
Dissimilar Effects of Prostacyclin, Prostaglandin E1, and Prostaglandin E2 on Myocardial Infarct Size after Coronary Occlusion in Conscious Dogs

We studied the effects of prortaglandin PGE1, PGE2, and prostacyclin (PGI2) on collateral blood flow (CBF) and myocardial infarct size in conscious dogs. Beginning 5 minutes after acute permanent occlusion of the mid left circumflex coronary artery, 6-hour infusions of PGE1 (0.6 μg/kg per min in 150 saline, 13 dogs), PGE2, (0.7 μg/kg per min in 150 ml saline, 11 dogs), PGI2, (0.5 μg/kg per min in 150 saline, 19 dogs) or saline alone (150 ml, 15 control dogs) were given into the left atrium. In the three treatment groups, similar reductions occurred in mean arterial pressure (PGE1, 11%, PGE2, 10%; PGI2, 5%) and mean left atrial pressure (PGE1, 44%; PGE2, 30%; PGI2, 36%), whereas heart rate was unchanged. Mean arterial pressure remained above 80 mm Hg throughout the infusions. After the dogs were killed 2 days later, the boundaries of the occluded bed were defined by coronary arteriography. The mass of infarct and occluded bed were measured by planimetry of weighed transverse sections of the left ventricle (LV). Although the mass of occluded bed and LV were similar in the four groups, infarct size was significantly less (P< 0.005) with PGIi and PGE2 compared to PGE1, or controls, both as percent LV (4.7 vs. 7.3 vs. 14.4 vs. 14.8%, respectively) and as percent of the occluded bed (12.3 vs. 16.4 vs. 38.5 vs. 37.7%, respectively). Over the 6-hour infusion period, CBF (7–10 μm radioactive microspheres) increased throughout the occluded bed in PGI2 and PGE1, but not in PGE2 and control dogs. Transmural CBF (ml/min per g) by the 8th hour, in the center of the infarct region, was greater (P < 0.05) in PGI2, (0.30 ± 0.05) and PGE1, (0.28 ± 0.04) than in PGE2, (0.09 ± 0.03) or control dogs (0.11 ± 0.01). Since peripheral hemodynamic effects with the different PG's were similar, myocardial protection with PGI2, and PGE1, appears to be attributable largely to the increase in collateral flow. However, both PGI2 and PGE1 also produced myocardial salvage in hearts with low levels of collateral flow, suggesting that cellular and metabolic effects may also have contributed to their protective action.
Sleep at home and in the sleep laboratory: disturbance by recording procedures.

Abstract Nineteen healthy men, aged 20 to 55 yr, who did not suffer from insomnia had their sleep recorded by EEG and EOG in the laboratory for 3 to 12 nights each over periods of 1 to 4 weeks. They also gave subjective reports each day which proved to be valid although not always very accurate assessments of their sleep latency, the number of mid-night awakenings and the times of sleeping in the laboratory. There was some ' adaptation ' to the laboratory over the first 2 nights, but awakenings during the night continued for up to 12 nights to be reported more than twice as frequently in the laboratory than at home. They were apparently often caused by intermittent traction of electrodes on the face and scalp as the subjects turned over in bed From the point of view of mid-night awakenings, EEG/EOG recordings are unlikely to give an accurate assessment of the subject's usual sleep, even after several ‘ adaptation ’ nights.
Membrane potential stabilization in amphibian skeletal muscle fibres in hypertonic solutions

This study investigated membrane transport mechanisms influencing relative changes in cell volume (V) and resting membrane potential (Em) following osmotic challenge in amphibian skeletal muscle fibres. It demonstrated a stabilization of Em despite cell shrinkage, which was attributable to elevation of intracellular [Cl−] above electrochemical equilibrium through Na+–Cl− and Na+−K+−2Cl− cotransporter action following exposures to extracellular hypertonicity. Fibre volumes (V) determined by confocal microscope xz‐scanning of cutaneous pectoris muscle fibres varied linearly with [1/extracellular osmolarity], showing insignificant volume corrections, in fibres studied in Cl−‐free, normal and Na+‐free Ringer solutions and in the presence of bumetanide, chlorothiazide and ouabain. The observed volume changes following increases in extracellular tonicity were compared with microelectrode measurements of steady‐state resting potentials (Em). Fibres in isotonic Cl−‐free, normal and Na+‐free Ringer solutions showed similar Em values consistent with previously reported permeability ratios PNa/PK(0.03–0.05) and PCl/PK (∼2.0) and intracellular [Na+], [K+] and [Cl−]. Increased extracellular osmolarities produced hyperpolarizing shifts in Em in fibres studied in Cl−‐free Ringer solution consistent with the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz (GHK) equation. In contrast, fibres exposed to hypertonic Ringer solutions of normal ionic composition showed no such Em shifts, suggesting a Cl−‐dependent stabilization of membrane potential. This stabilization of Em was abolished by withdrawing extracellular Na+ or by the combined presence of the Na+–Cl− cotransporter (NCC) inhibitor chlorothiazide (10 μm) and the Na+−K+−2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) inhibitor bumetanide (10 μm), or the Na+−K+‐ATPase inhibitor ouabain (1 or 10 μm) during alterations in extracellular osmolarity. Application of such agents after such increases in tonicity only produced a hyperpolarization after a time delay, as expected for passive Cl− equilibration. These findings suggest a model that implicates the NCC and/or NKCC in fluxes that maintain [Cl−]i above its electrochemical equilibrium. Such splinting of [Cl−]i in combination with the high PCl/PK of skeletal muscle stabilizes Em despite volume changes produced by extracellular hypertonicity, but at the expense of a cellular capacity for regulatory volume increases (RVIs). In situations where PCl/PK is low, the same cotransporters would instead permit RVIs but at the expense of a capacity to stabilize Em.
Development and Characterization of Large-Scale Simple Sequence Repeats in Jute

Jute is an important crop of the Indian subconti- nent and comprises tossa jute (Corchorus olito- rius) and white jute (C. capsularis). The yield and fi ber quality of this crop remained stagnant for many years and could not be improved through conventional plant breeding. Also, no effort has been made to develop molecular markers on a scale required for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to supplement conventional plant breed- ing. As a fi rst step toward deploying MAS for jute improvement, 2469 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were developed in tossa jute (JRO 524) using four SSR-enriched genomic libraries. A random subset of 100 SSRs (25 SSRs from each library) was used to detect polymorphism between the parental genotypes of each of the two recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping populations. The RILs are being developed from JRO 524 × PPO4 (for fi ber fi neness) and JRC 321 × CMU 010 (for lignin content) crosses to prepare molecular maps and conduct quantita- tive trait loci (QTL) analyses. Both SSR length polymorphism and ± polymorphism (null alleles, i.e., presence and absence of specifi c SSR) were detected; 50 SSRs detected polymor- phism between the two genotypes of tossa jute, whereas 45 SSRs detected polymorphism between the two genotypes of white jute. This SSR allelic polymorphism in jute is higher than that reported in other crops and is adequate for construction of genetic maps for QTL analysis. The large-scale SSRs will also prove useful in studying genetic diversity, population structure, and association mapping.
Evaluating Preprocessing Strategies for Time Series Prediction using Deep Learning Architectures

We propose a novel approach to combine state-of-the-art time series data processing methods, such as symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX), with very recently developed deep neural network architectures, such as deep recurrent neural networks (DRNN), for time series data modeling and prediction. Time series data appear extensively in various scientiﬁc domains and industrial applications, yet the challenges in accurate modeling and prediction from such data remain open. Deep recurrent neural networks (DRNN) have been proposed as promising approaches to sequence prediction. We extend this research to the new challenge of the time series prediction space, building a system that effectively combines recurrent neural networks (RNN) with time series speciﬁc preprocessing techniques. Our experiments show comparisons of model performance with various data preprocessing techniques. We demonstrate that preprocessed inputs can steer us towards simpler (and therefore more computationally efﬁcient) architectures of neural networks (when compared to original inputs).
Migranten in Berlin: Schlechte Jobchancen, geringe Einkommen, hohe Transferabhängigkeit

Der Anteil der Personen mit Migrationshintergrund ist in Berlin nicht hoher als in vergleichbaren deutschen Stadten. Wegen der schlechten Wirtschaftsentwicklung und der allgemein hohen Unterbeschaftigung in Berlin treten die mit Migration verbundenen okonomischen und sozialen Phanomene hier jedoch besonders deutlich zutage. Dabei kommt zweierlei zusammen: Zum einen ist in den grosen Stadten die Erwerbslosigkeit der Migranten generell doppelt so hoch wie die der ubrigen Bevolkerung. Zum anderen liegt gerade in Berlin die Arbeitslosigkeit weit uber dem Durchschnitt. Das Ausmas der Unterbeschaftigung der Migranten in der Stadt ist daher dramatisch. Jeder dritte ist erwerbslos. Ursache fur die schlechten Arbeitsmarktchancen sind vor allem unzureichende Qualifikationen. Die Qualifikationsstruktur der Migranten ist deutlich schlechter als die der ubrigen Berliner. Allerdings ist dabei zu differenzieren - etwa zwischen den westlichen Teilen Berlins und dem ehemaligen Ost-Berlin, wo die Migranten deutlich besser qualifiziert sind und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt besser abschneiden. Auch mit Blick auf die ethnische Herkunft gibt es grose Unterschiede. Angesichts dieser kritischen Ausgangssituation kommen auf die Landespolitik enorme Anforderungen zu, denn mehr als 40 Prozent der Kinder unter zehn Jahren in Berlin haben einen Migrationshintergrund. Um die Aufgaben zu meistern, sind vor allem Anstrengungen bei der vorschulischen und bei der schulischen Ausbildung vonnoten.
Effects of DNAzymes and siRNA targeting AKT1 on the growth of human T leukemic cells.

BACKGROUND AKT1 is a member of the serine/threoine AGC protein kinase family involved in cancer's metabolism, growth, proliferation, and survival. It is a potential target for cancer gene therapy. METHODS In the present study, we used DNAzyme and siRNA technology to inhibit AKT1 expression and evaluated the effects of DNAzymes and siRNA as therapeutic agents to treat leukemic cells. We designed two AKT1 specific DNAzymes (DRz1 and DRz2) and siRNA to test their effects on the apoptosis of leukemic cells. RESULTS Here, we showed that DRz1 could down-regulate the expression of AKT1 in both mRNA and protein levels, hence significantly inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis of Jurkat cells. CONCLUSIONS These results provide a significant insight into the potential anticarcinogenic action of DNAzyme against AKT1 which might be used as a valuable therapy to leukemia.
Rhesus papillomavirus type 1 cooperates with activated ras in transforming primary epithelial rat cells independent of dexamethasone

Rhesus Papillomavirus type 1 (RhPV-1) was recently cloned from a rhesus monkey lymph node metastasis of a penile squamous cell carcinoma. In this paper, we demonstrate that RhPV-1 cooperates with the activated ras oncogene to transform primary cells at a level comparable to human papillomavirus type 16. The viral DNAs were cloned such that their expression was under the control of their natural promoter elements. Unlike human papillomavirus type 16, RhPV-1 DNA cooperated with ras independently of the hormone dexamethasone. However, dexamethasone did have a positive influence on the ability of some RhPV-1 cotransformed cells to grow in soft-agar assays. The transformed cells are highly tumorigenic in vivo in nude mice.
Modeling Large Social Networks in Context

Today’s social and internet networks contain millions or even billions of nodes, and copious amounts of side information (context) such as text, attribute, temporal, image and video data. A thorough analysis of a social network should consider both the graph and the associated side information, yet we also expect the algorithm to execute in a reasonable amount of time on even the largest networks. Towards the goal of rich analysis on societal-scale networks, this thesis provides (1) modeling and algorithmic techniques for incorporating network context into existing network analysis algorithms based on statistical models, and (2) strategies for network data representation, model design, algorithm design and distributed multi-machine programming that, together, ensure scalability to very large networks. The methods presented herein combine the flexibility of statistical models with key ideas and empirical observations from the data mining and social networks communities, and are supported by software libraries for cluster computing based on original distributed systems research. These efforts culminate in a novel mixedmembership triangle motif model that easily scales to large networks with over 100 million nodes on just a few cluster machines, and can be readily extended to accommodate network context using the other techniques presented in this thesis.
Frequency of local, regional, and long-distance dispersal of diploid and tetraploid Saxifraga oppositifolia (Saxifragaceae) to Arctic glacier forelands.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Climate change forces many species to migrate. Empirical small-scale data on migration and colonization in the Arctic are scarce. Retreating glaciers provide new territory for cold-adapted plant species, but the genetic consequences depend on dispersal distances and frequencies. We estimated local, regional, and long-distance dispersal frequencies, as well as their effect on levels of genetic diversity, in diploid and tetraploid individuals of Saxifraga oppositifolia. METHODS Samples were collected in four aged moraines in each of three glacier forelands, in surrounding areas and reference populations in the Arctic archipelago Svalbard. These samples were analyzed for neutral amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs, n = 707) and ploidy levels (n = 30). KEY RESULTS Genetic clustering and ploidy analyses revealed two distinct genetic groups representing diploids and tetraploids, with few intermediate triploids. The groups were intermixed in most sampled populations. No differences in genetic diversity were found between tetraploids and diploids, or between established and glacier foreland populations. Seeds were dispersed over local, regional, and long distances, with the highest proportions of seeds originating from close sources. A minimum of 4-15 founding individuals from several source populations had initially established in each glacier foreland. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that S. oppositifolia can rapidly colonize new deglaciated areas without losing genetic diversity. Thus, glacier forelands can be alternative habitats for cold-adapted vascular plants tracking their climatic niche. Our data show no difference in colonization success between diploid and tetraploid individuals.