Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Separation, Randomness and Linearity for Network Codes over Finite Fields

We examine the issue of separation and code design for networks that operate over finite fields. We demonstrate that source-channel (or source-network) separation holds for several canonical network examples like the noisy multiple access channel and the erasure degraded broadcast channel, when the whole network operates over a common finite field. This robustness of separation is predicated on the fact that noise and inputs are independent, and we examine the failure of separation when noise is dependent on inputs in multiple access channels. Our approach is based on the sufficiency of linear codes. Using a simple and unifying framework, we not only re-establish with economy the optimality of linear codes for single-transmitter, single-receiver channels and for Slepian-Wolf source coding, but also establish the optimality of linear codes for multiple access and for erasure degraded broadcast channels. The linearity allows us to obtain simple optimal code constructions and to study capacity regions of the noisy multiple access and the degraded broadcast channel. The linearity of both source and network coding blurs the delineation between source and network codes. While our results point to the fact that separation of source coding and channel coding is optimal in some canonical networks, we show that decomposing networks into canonical subnetworks may not be effective. Thus, we argue that it may be the lack of decomposability of a network into canonical network modules, rather than the lack of separation between source and channel coding, that presents major challenges for coding over networks.
Functional and Topological Conditions for Explosive Synchronization Develop in Human Brain Networks with the Onset of Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness

Sleep, anesthesia, and coma share a number of neural features but the recovery profiles are radically different. To understand the mechanisms of reversibility of unconsciousness at the network level, we studied the conditions for gradual and abrupt transitions in conscious and anesthetized states. We hypothesized that the conditions for explosive synchronization (ES) in human brain networks would be present in the anesthetized brain just over the threshold of unconsciousness. To test this hypothesis, functional brain networks were constructed from multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings in seven healthy subjects across conscious, unconscious, and recovery states. We analyzed four variables that are involved in facilitating ES in generic, non-biological networks: (1) correlation between node degree and frequency, (2) disassortativity (i.e., the tendency of highly-connected nodes to link with less-connected nodes, or vice versa), (3) frequency difference of coupled nodes, and (4) an inequality relationship between local and global network properties, which is referred to as the suppressive rule. We observed that the four network conditions for ES were satisfied in the unconscious state. Conditions for ES in the human brain suggest a potential mechanism for rapid recovery from the lightly-anesthetized state. This study demonstrates for the first time that the network conditions for ES, formerly shown in generic networks only, are present in empirically-derived functional brain networks. Further investigations with deep anesthesia, sleep, and coma could provide insight into the underlying causes of variability in recovery profiles of these unconscious states.
Implementation of a tight glycaemic control protocol using a web‐based insulin dose calculator

We describe the implementation of a glucose control protocol supported by a web‐based insulin dose calculator in a 16‐bedded intensive care unit. The protocol was introduced and then modified after 15 months' use. Glucose concentrations were retrospectively reviewed and compared for the 9‐month period before introduction of the protocol (288 patients), for 15 months after its introduction (502 patients) and for a further 5 months after its modification to increase insulin dose (101 patients). The mean (SD) blood glucose concentrations decreased from 7.3 (1.8) mmol.l−1 to 6.6 (1.6) mmol.l−1 and then to 6.2 (1.3) mmol.l−1. The proportion of values < 8.0 mmol.l−1 increased from 69% to 81% and then to 89%. Blood glucose concentrations were increased by the use of intravenous nutrition and by vasoactive drugs but not by the administration of propofol. The odds ratio [95% CI] for death for glucose values > 8.0 mmol.l−1 was 2.10 [1.19–3.73] compared to values < 6.1 mmol.l−1. However, patient mortality remained constant during the study. Glycaemic control was improved outside a research setting using a protocol supported by a web‐based insulin dose calculator.
RECEIVING AREAS OF THE TACTILE, AUDITORY, AND VISUAL SYSTEMS IN THE CEREBELLUM

IT IS AN established and universally recognized fact that the cerebellum is a place of convergence of impulses from proprioceptors located throughout the body. The great emphasis placed on this fact, the tacit assumption that the spinocerebellar tracts convey only impulses of proprioceptive origin, and the nature of signs and symptoms resulting from cerebellar deficit doubtless have combined to discourage serious experimental examination of the possibility that impulses from other groups of receptors also pass to this organ. Yet a number of considerations warrant the hypothesis that at least some classes of exteroceptors possess a cerebellar representation. The present investigation was begun when the following facts were considered together: (i) tactile impulses are relayed by the nuclei gracilis and cuneatus to the thalamus and thence to the cerebral cortex, and (ii) these same nuclei, according to many workers, send fibers to the cerebellum by way of the external arcuate fibers. Since there is no good reason for supposing that all impulses carried from the nuclei of the posterior columns by the external arcuate system originate only in proprioceptors, it seemed reasonable to attempt to determine whether impulses from tactile end-organs pass to the cerebellum. The success which has attended recent attempts to map areas of sensory projection in the brain by recording evoked potential changes led us to use this method. It soon was found that the application of an appropriate tactile stimulus to the region of the foot of a cat evokes discrete potential changes in definite cerebellar areas. The extension of this original observation enabled . on of us to secure evidence of the existence of a topical projecti of the cutaneous tactile system to the cerebellum. certain parts
The DNA damage spectrum produced by simulated sunlight.

The mutagenic effects of ultraviolet and solar irradiation are thought to be due to the formation of DNA photoproducts, most notably cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts ((6-4)PPs). Experimental systems for determining the levels and sequence dependence of photoproduct formation in DNA have often used high doses of short-wave (UVC) irradiation. We have re-assessed this issue by using DNA sequencing technologies and different doses of UVC as well as more physiologically relevant doses of solar irradiation emitted from a solar UV simulator. It has been questioned whether hot alkali treatment can detect (6-4)PPs at all sequence positions. With high UVC doses, the sequence distribution of (6-4)PPs was virtually identical when hot alkali or UV damage endonuclease (UVDE) were used for detection, which appears to validate both methods. The (6-4)PPs form at 5'-TpC and 5'CpC sequences but very low levels are seen at all other dipyrimidines including 5'-TpT. Contrary to expectation, we find that (6-4) photoproducts form at almost undetectable levels under conditions of irradiation for up to five hours with the solar UV simulator. The same treatment produces high levels of CPDs. In addition, DNA glycosylases, which recognize oxidized and ring-opened bases, did not produce significant cleavage of sunlight-irradiated DNA. From these data, we conclude that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers are at least 20 to 40 times more frequent than any other DNA photoproduct when DNA or cells are irradiated with simulated sunlight.
The Effect of Culture and Gender on Self-Reported Assertive Behavior

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between cultural affiliation, gender and assertive behavior in two distinct socio-cultural groups. Ninety-seven Israeli Arab students and 97 Israeli Jewish students, of both sexes, filled out the Assertion Inventory (Gambrill and Richey 1975) during a class meeting. Analysis of the results indicated differences between the two cultural groups. In general, Arab participants showed a lower level of assertiveness than their Jewish counterparts. Differences between gender and interaction of culture × gender were found in certain factors related to behavior in specific social situations. These findings were discussed on the basis of accepted social behavior within various cultural contexts.
Depth based interaction and field of view manipulation for augmented reality

In recent years, the market for portable devices has seen a large increase in the development of head mounted displays. While these displays provide many benefits to users, safety is still a concern. In particular, ensuring that content does not interfere with everyday activities and that users have adequate peripheral vision is very important for situational awareness. In this paper, I address these issues through the use of two novel display prototypes. The first is an optical see-through multi-focal plane display combined with an eye tracking interface. Through eye tracking and knowledge of the focal plane distances, I can calculate whether a user is looking at the environment or at a focal plane in the display. Any distracting text can then be quickly removed so that he or she has a clear view of the environment. The second prototype is a video see-through display which expands a user's environmental view through the use of 238° ultra wide field of view fisheye lenses. Based on the results of several initial evaluations, these new interfaces have the potential help users improve environmental awareness.
Therapeutics , Targets , and Chemical Biology Small-Molecule Intramimics of Formin Autoinhibition : A New Strategy to Target the Cytoskeletal RemodelingMachinery in Cancer Cells

Although the cancer cell cytoskeleton is a clinically validated target, few new strategies have emerged for selectively targeting cell division by modulating the cytoskeletal structure, particularly ways that could avoid the cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of current agents such as taxanes. We address this gap by describing a novel class of small-molecule agonists of the mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formins, which act downstream of Rho GTPases to assemble actin filaments, and their organization with microfilaments to establish and maintain cell polarity during migration and asymmetric division. GTP-bound Rho activates mDia family members by disrupting the interaction between the DID and DAD autoregulatory domains, which releases the FH2 domain tomodulate actin and microtubule dynamics. In screening for DID–DAD disruptors that activate mDia, we identified two molecules called intramimics (IMM-01 and -02) that were sufficient to trigger actin assembly and microtubule stabilization, serum response factor-mediated gene expression, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In vivo analysis of IMM-01 and -02 established their ability to slow tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model of colon cancer. Taken together, our work establishes the use of intramimics and mDia-related formins as a new general strategy for therapeutic targeting of the cytoskeletal remodeling machinery of cancer cells. Cancer Res; 73(22); 6793–803. 2013 AACR.
Eliminating helper phage from phage display

Phage display technology involves the display of proteins or peptides, as coat protein fusions, on the surface of a phage or phagemid particles. Using standard technology, helper phage are essential for the replication and assembly of phagemid particles, during library production and biopanning. We have eliminated the need to add helper phage by using 'bacterial packaging cell lines' that provide the same functions. These cell lines contain M13-based helper plasmids that express phage packaging proteins which assemble phagemid particles as efficiently as helper phage, but without helper phage contamination. This results in genetically pure phagemid particle preparations. Furthermore, by using constructs differing in the form of gene 3 that they contain, we have shown that the display, from a single library, can be modulated between monovalent (phagemid-like) and multivalent display (phage-like) without any further engineering. These packaging cells eliminate the use of helper phage from phagemid-based selection protocols; reducing the amount of technical preparation, facilitating automation, optimizing selections by matching display levels to diversity, and effectively using the packaged phagemid particles as means to transfer genetic information at an efficiency approaching 100%.
Encoding memory of winter by noncoding RNAs

In some plant species, prolonged exposure to low temperature during the winter season is necessary to acquire the competence to flower in the following spring. This process, known as vernalization, is an epigenetic change in that a mitotically stable change of the developmental potential of the meristem (competence to flower) is maintained even in the absence of the inducing signal (prolonged cold exposure). In Arabidopsis, vernalization results in stable epigenetic repression of a potent floral repressor, FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Increased enrichment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and trimethylated Histone H3 Lys 27 (H3K27me3) at FLC chromatin is necessary for the stable maintenance of FLC repression by vernalization. Recent recognition of long noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in vernalization response indicates that long ncRNAs are evolutionarily conserved components for PRC2-mediated repression in eukaryotes.
Effect of communication topologies on hybrid evolutionary algorithms

Multi-population bio-inspired algorithms present attractive potential for hybridization because of the relatively low degree of coupling they require between groups. In this work, we present a multiple swarm particle swarm optimization (MPSO) algorithm that has been modified to incorporate populations from a genetic algorithm. We investigate the ways in which the performance of this hybrid algorithm is influenced by the topological strategy that is used to direct communication between populations. The results suggest that in addition to the topological layout, the placement of different types of swarms may indirectly affect the resulting solution quality. The hybrid algorithm with varying communication topologies is implemented on a GPU architecture.
A Characterization of Cointegration

In this paper we revisit the definition and characterization of cointegration given in Engle and Granger (1987) (EG). In addition to correcting a number of errors and mistatements in that paper, we redefine the meaning of cointegration in the context of a MAR(oo) (multivariate AR) rendition of the stochastic sequence, rather than the MMA(oo) rendition of differenced sequence as in EG.
Heritability of Testis Size

Abstract Testis size is an important feature of male pubertal development. The genetic and environmental contributions to variation in human testis size have hardly been studied. We estimated the heritability of human testicular size in a group of mono- and dizygotic twins and their non-twin brothers (145 twins and 20 brothers from 95 families). Participants were 18 years old on average and all had reached Tanner development stage 4 or higher. Dizygotic twins and their siblings had a larger mean testis volume than monozygotic twins and their siblings. There was significant familial resemblance, with higher correlations in monozygotic twin pairs (0.59) than in dizygotic twin and sibling pairs (0.34). Heritability was estimated at 59% (95% CI = 37–75%), but a model that excluded genetic influences and attributed all familial resemblance to shared environment, fitted the data only marginally worse. The finding of larger mean testis volume in dizygotic twins may be of interest for future research into the mechanisms underlying dizygotic twinning.
A PROFILE OF WHO COMPLETES AND WHO DROPS OUT OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE REHABILITATION

Despite changes made in domestic violence (DV) programs, attrition continues to be a major problem. For this study on DV rehabilitation attrition, 62 male batterers and 31 female victims were recruited during a six month time frame from an existing batterers' program. Of the 62 batterers, one man was removed from the study, 38 dropped out of the program, and 23 made the transition from rehabilitation to the maintenance phase of the program. A logistical regression to predict completion status resulted in a Model Chi-square statistic of 31.08 (p =. 000). Completers were more likely young, court-monitored, had lower levels of stress (SOS Inventory) and posttraumatic stress (PCL), and had higher levels of mutuality (MPDQ) in their relationships than noncompleters. The model predicted 88.89% of the noncompleters, 78.26% of the completers, and had an overall predictive ability of 84.75% for the study sample.
Developing a Standardized Comprehensive Health Survey for Use With Deaf Adults

There is limited information on how communication barriers impact on the health of deaf individuals. The present article describes the development of a standardized interview tool to collect health-related information from deaf adults via face-to-face interviews in American Sign Language (ASL). Questions were selected largely from existing standardized questionnaires. Key steps in standardizing the instrument included the creation of an ASL gloss version of the survey and extensive interviewer training. The instrument was pilot-tested and revised prior to implementation. There were 139 questions on the final instrument. A total of 203 interviews were conducted between November 2002 and March 2003. A standardized interview survey administered in ASL proved an effective and well-accepted means of collecting health-related information from a diverse sample of deaf individuals. Several challenges were encountered throughout the process, and the resulting lessons will be useful to future research efforts.
Activation of Lipopolysaccharide–TLR4 Signaling Accelerates the Ototoxic Potential of Cisplatin in Mice

Dysfunction in immune surveillance during anticancer chemotherapy of patients often causes weakness of the host defense system and a subsequent increase in microbial infections. However, the deterioration of organ-specific function related to microbial challenges in cisplatin-treated patients has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we investigated cisplatin-induced TLR4 expression and its binding to LPS in mouse cochlear tissues and the effect of this interaction on hearing function. Cisplatin increased the transcriptional and translational expression of TLR4 in the cochlear tissues, organ of Corti explants, and HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, cisplatin increased the interaction between TLR4 and its microbial ligand LPS, thereby upregulating the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, via NF-κB activation. In C57BL/6 mice, the combined injection of cisplatin and LPS caused severe hearing impairment compared with that in the control, cisplatin-alone, or LPS-alone groups, whereas this hearing dysfunction was completely suppressed in both TLR4 mutant and knockout mice. These results suggest that hearing function can be easily damaged by increased TLR expression and microbial infections due to the weakened host defense systems of cancer patients receiving therapy comprising three to six cycles of cisplatin alone or cisplatin combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. Moreover, such damage can occur even though patients may not experience ototoxic levels of cumulative cisplatin concentration.
Automatic Recognition of Parkinson's Disease from Sustained Phonation Tests Using ANN and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier

Neurological disorders contain Parkinson's disease (PD), eNeurological disorders contain Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and Alzheimer's; influence the lives of patients and their families. PD creates cognitive and state of mind disturbances. Generally, the diagnosis is based on medical history and neurological inspection conducted by interviewing and observing the patient in person using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). In this study, we aimed to discriminate between healthy people and people with PD. For that reason, Parkinson dataset that contains biomedical voice of human is used. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are widely used in biomedical field for modeling, data analysis, and diagnostic classification. Two types of the ANNs were used for classification: Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) Networks. The other method is Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier (ANFC) with linguistic hedges. This method is also used for feature selection from the dataset. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Classifier with linguistic hedges gave the best recognition results with %95.38 training and %94.72 testing classifying performance indeed.
BER Performance Comparison of HIPERLAN / 2 for different modulation schemes with 1⁄2 and 3⁄4 code rates

Simulation of ETSI’s High Performance Local area Network Type 2(HIPERLAN/2) is presented. In this paper, we compare HIPERLAN/2 performance via a MATLAB/Simulink simulation with 1⁄2 & 3⁄4 coding rate for different modulation schemes for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. MATLAB/Simulink modeling demonstrated that the performance of 3⁄4 code rate has a remarkable degradation in the Bit Error Rate (BER)compared to 1⁄2 code rate which is due to the considerable frequency selectivity of the channel. In this paper we showed that the BERs with code rate 1/2 for different modulation schemes change more slowly and thus yield more stable modes with regard to changing channel conditions than 3⁄4 code rate. With coding rate 1/2, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) improvement compared to coding rate 3/4 (with puncturing) is achieved. KeywordsBit Error Rate (BER), Code Rate, HIPERLAN/2, OFDM, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)
High resolution millimeterwave SAR for the remote sensing of wave patterns

High resolution imaging of the ocean swell was performed using data collected with the polarimetric millimetre wave synthetic aperture radar MEMPHIS. The data, representative for a region off the south Spanish Atlantic coast in spring, have been evaluated using imaging and non-imaging statistical methods. The influence of high resolution processing on the clutter statistics for the Ka- and the W-band is discussed.