Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online heterogeneous mixture modeling with marginal and copula selection

This paper proposes an online mixture modeling methodology in which individual components can have different marginal distributions and dependency structures. Mixture models have been widely studied and applied to various application areas, including density estimation, fraud/failure detection, image segmentation, etc. Previous research has been almost exclusively focused on mixture models having components of a single type (e.g., a Gaussian mixture model.) However, recent growing needs for complicated data modeling necessitate the use of more flexible mixture models (e.g., a mixture of a lognormal distribution for medical costs and a Gaussian distribution for blood pressure, for medical analytics.) Our key ideas include: 1) separating marginal distributions and their dependencies using copulas and 2) online extension of a recently-developed "expectation minimization of description length," which enable us to efficiently learn types of both marginal distributions and copulas as well as their parameters. The proposed method provides not only good performance in applications, but also scalable, automatic model selection, which greatly reduces the intensive modeling costs in data mining processes. We show that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in application to density estimation and to anomaly detection.
Improving coverage and parsing quality of a large-scale LFG for German

We describe experiments in parsing the German TIGER Treebank. In parsing the complete treebank, 86.44% of the sentences receive full parses; 13.56% receive fragment parses. We discuss the methods used to enhance coverage and parsing quality and we present an evaluation on a gold standard, to our knowledge the first one for a deep grammar of German. Considering the selection performed by our current version of a stochastic disambiguation component, we achieve an f-score of 84.2%, the upper and lower bounds being 87.4% and 82.3% respectively.
Validity and Reliability of Craniofacial Anthropometric Measurement of 3D Digital Photogrammetric Images

Background: Direct anthropometry performed during a patient examination is the standard technique for quantifying craniofacial dysmorphology, as well as for surgical planning and outcome assessment. Several new technologies have been designed to computerize anthropometric measurements, including three-dimensional (3D) digital photogrammetry. These digital systems have the advantage of acquiring patient craniofacial surface images quickly and noninvasively. Before morphometry using digital photogrammetry can be applied in clinical and research practice, it must be assessed against direct anthropometry. Objective: To evaluate the validity and reliability of facial anthropometric linear distances imaged by 3D digital photogrammetry with respect to direct anthropometry. Design, Setting, Participants, Measures: Standard craniofacial distances were directly measured twice on 20 normal adult volunteers. Craniofacial surfaces were also imaged using the 3dMDface digital photogrammetry system, and distances were digitally measured twice for each subject. Validity measures of accuracy and bias (for direct versus digital measurements) and reproducibility measures of precision and test-retest reliability (for repeated sets of digital measurements) were computed. Results: Seventeen of the 18 direct measurements correlated highly with digital values (mean r = 0.88). The correlation for one measurement (upper prolabial width) was not statistically significant. The overall precision of all 17 digital measurements was less than 1 mm, and the reliability was high (mean r = 0.91). Conclusions: Craniofacial anthropometry using the 3dMDface System is valid and reliable. Digital measurements of upper prolabial width may require direct marking, prior to imaging, to improve landmark identification.
Uncertainty and Trade Agreements

In this paper we explore the potential gains that a trade agreement (TA) can provide by regulating trade-policy uncertainty, in addition to the more standard gains from reducing the mean levels of trade barriers. We show that in a standard trade model with income-risk neutrality there tends to be an uncertainty-increasing motive for a TA. With income-risk aversion, on the other hand, the uncertainty-managing motive for a TA is determined by interesting trade-offs. For a given degree of risk aversion, an uncertainty-reducing motive for a TA is more likely to be present when the economy is more open, the export supply elasticity is lower and the economy is more specialized. Governments have stronger incentives to sign a TA when the trading environment is more uncertain. As exogenous trade costs decline, the gains from decreasing trade-policy uncertainty tend to become more important relative to the gains from reducing average trade barriers. We also derive simple
Assembly of a Marine Viral Metagenome after Physical Fractionation

Metagenomic analyses of marine viruses generate an overview of viral genes present in a sample, but the percentage of the resulting sequence fragments that can be reassembled is low and the phenotype of the virus from which a given sequence derives is usually unknown. In this study, we employed physical fractionation to characterize the morphological and genomic traits of a subset of uncultivated viruses from a natural marine assemblage. Viruses from Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i were fractionated by equilibrium buoyant density centrifugation in a cesium chloride (CsCl) gradient, and one fraction from the CsCl gradient was then further fractionated by strong anion-exchange chromatography. One of the fractions resulting from this two-dimensional separation appeared to be dominated by only a few virus types based on genome sizes and morphology. Sequences generated from a shotgun clone library of the viruses in this fraction were assembled into significantly more numerous contigs than have been generated with previous metagenomic investigations of whole DNA viral assemblages with comparable sequencing effort. Analysis of the longer contigs (up to 6.5 kb) assembled from our metagenome allowed us to assess gene arrangement in this subset of marine viruses. Our results demonstrate the potential for physical fractionation to facilitate sequence assembly from viral metagenomes and permit linking of morphological and genomic data for uncultivated viruses.
Factors Controlling Patterns of Canada Thistle ( Cirsium arvense ) and Yellow Starthistle ( Centaurea solstitialis ) Across the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument

Landscape patterns of broadleaved noxious weeds across the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument are examined in the context of environmental and management factors to improve our understanding of weed dynamics. Environmental factors include a range of topographic edaphic variables, while management factors provide insight about historic vegetation manipulation, road construction and forage utilization by wildlife and livestock. Distribution patterns of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) across the Monument are best described by a combination of topographic, edaphic, biotic, and management factors. Variables incorporated within models describing landscape patterns of weeds varied with response variable (actual weed locations versus weed density at random locations throughout the landscape) and the incorporation of private lands, characterized by less intense or localized lack of weed surveys, with public lands. Optimization of data quality by restriction of analysis to public lands in a landscape context identified elevation, maximum forage utilization by livestock and native ungulates, and past management treatments as predictors common to both Canada thistle and yellow starthistle distribution. Additional variables associated with the pattern of Canada thistle included heat-load and soil depth. The optimal model describing yellow starthistle distribution also included soil classification as vertisol, NRCS ecological type, woody vegetation cover, and average utilization by livestock and native ungulates. Analysis of individual variables indicated that roads and distance from water influenced the distribution of weeds. The association between roads, water, and forage utilization 1 Suggested citation: Hosten, P.E. 2007. Factors Controlling Patterns of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis) Across the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Medford District. http://soda.sou. edu/bioregion.html
Combining Topic Models and Social Networks for Chat Data Mining

Informal chat-room conversations have intrinsically different properties from regular static document collections. Noise, concise expressions and dynamic, changing and interleaving nature of discussions make chat data ill-suited for analysis with an off-the-shelf text mining method. On the other hand, interactive human communication has some implicit features which may be used to enhance the results. In our research we infer social network structures from the chat data by using a few basic heuristics. We then present some preliminary results showing that the inferred social graph may be used to enhance topic identification of a chat room when combined with a state-of-the-art topic and classification models. For validation purposes we then compare the performance effects of using this social information in a topic classification task.
Answering Why and How questions with respect to a frame-based knowledge base: a preliminary report

Being able to answer questions with respect to a given text is the cornerstone of language understanding and at the primary school level students are taught how to answer various kinds of questions including why and how questions. In the building of automated question answering systems the focus so far has been more on factoid questions and comparatively little attention has been devoted to answering why and how questions. In this paper we explore answering why and how questions with respect to a frame-based knowledge base and give algorithms and ASP (answer set programming) implementation to answer two classes of questions in the Biology domain. They are of the form: "How are X and Y related in the process Z? " and "Why is X important to Y? "
Pinpointing Representative Portions of Large Intel&#174; Itanium&#174; Programs with Dynamic Instrumentation

Detailed modeling of the performance of commercial applications is difficult. The applications can take a very long time to run on real hardware and it is impractical to simulate them to completion on performance models. Furthermore, these applications have complex execution environments that cannot easily be reproduced on a simulator, making porting the applications to simulators difficult. We attack these problems using the well-known SimPoint methodology to find representative portions of an application to simulate, and a dynamic instrumentation framework called Pin to avoid porting altogether. Our system uses dynamic instrumentation instead of simulation to find representative portions - called Pin-Points - for simulation. We have developed a toolkit that automatically detects PinPoints, validates whether they are representative using hardware performance counters, and generates traces for large Itanium® programs. We compared SimPoint-based selection to random selection of simulation points. We found for 95% of the SPEC2000 programs we tested, the PinPoints prediction was within 8% of the actual whole-program CPI, as opposed to 18% for random selection. We measure the end-to-end error, comparing real hardware to a performance model, and have a simple and efficient methodology to determine the step that introduced the error. Finally, we evaluate the system in the context of multiple configurations of real hardware, commercial applications, and industrial-strength performance models to understand the behavior of a complete and practical workload collection system. We have successfully used our system with many commercial Itanium® programs, some running for trillions of instructions, and have used the resulting traces for predicting performance of those applications on future Itanium processors.
Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations

A theoretical framework for designing interfaces for complex human-machine systems is proposed. The framework, called ecological interface design (EID), is based on the skills, rules, and knowledge taxonomy of cognitive control. The basic goals of EID are not to force processing to a higher level than the demands of the task require, and to support each of the three levels of cognitive control. Thus, an EID interface should not contribute to the difficulty of the task, and at the same time, it should support the entire range of activities that operators will be faced with. Three prescriptive design principles are suggested to achieve this objective, each directed at supporting a particular level of cognitive control. Particular attention is paid to presenting a coherent deductive argument justifying the principles of EID. Support for the EID framework is discussed. Some issues for future research are outlined. >
Processing and characterization of nanographene platelets modified phenolic resin as a precursor to carbon/carbon composites (part II)

Nanocomposites were formed by curing the dispersion of carbon nanofillers—nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanofibers—in resole type phenolic resin. X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermal expansion, and thermogravimetric and flexure testing were carried out to study the morphology and thermal and mechanical properties of the manufactured nanocomposites. The coefficient of thermal expansion decreased by 15.36% (73.83 µm/m℃) and 14.23% (74.81 µm/m℃) with 1.5 wt% nanographene platelets and 1.5 wt% vapor grown carbon nanofibers, respectively, compared with neat phenolic (87.23 µm/m℃) in the temperature range 60–80°. The flexure strength of neat phenolic resin increased by 31.62% (48.57 MPa) and flexure modulus by 42.23% (2.9 GPa) at 0.5 wt% nanographene platelets. Comparatively, vapor grown carbon nanofibers at 1.5 wt% increased the flexure strength by 14.3% and flexure modulus by 23.5%. Nanographene platelets and vapor grown carbon nanofibers increased the char content of neat phenolic resin. The char content increased by 200% at 800℃ in 5 wt% nanographene platelet nanocomposites, compared with 75% increase in 3 wt% vapor grown carbon nanofibers nanocomposite. Nanographene platelets were more effective than vapor grown carbon nanofibers in lowering the coefficient of thermal expansion of neat phenolic, in improving its flexure strength and modulus and in increasing the char yield. The results indicate that nanographene platelets can be effectively used as carbon nanofiller in the manufacture of carbon/carbon composites.
Catalytic Oligodeoxynucleotides Define a Key Regulatory Role for Early Growth Response Factor-1 in the Porcine Model of Coronary In-Stent Restenosis

Early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) controls the expression of a growing number of genes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis. Egr-1 is activated by diverse proatherogenic stimuli. As such, this transcription factor represents a key molecular target in efforts to control vascular lesion formation in humans. In this study, we have generated DNAzymes targeting specific sequences in human EGR-1 mRNA. These molecules cleave in vitro transcribed EGR-1 mRNA efficiently at preselected sites, inhibit EGR-1 protein expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells, block serum-inducible cell proliferation, and abrogate cellular regrowth after mechanical injury in vitro. These DNAzymes also selectively inhibit EGR-1 expression and proliferation of porcine arterial smooth muscle cells and reduce intimal thickening after stenting pig coronary arteries in vivo. These findings demonstrate that endoluminally delivered DNAzymes targeting EGR-1 may serve as inhibitors of in-stent restenosis.
Zirconium in the nuclear industry : 15th international symposium

Hydrogen pickup of zirconium-based fuel cladding and structural materials during in-reactor corrosion can degrade fuel components because the ingress of hydrogen can lead to the formation of brittle hydrides. In the boiling water reactor (BWR) environment, Zircaloy-2 fuel cladding and structural components such as water rods and channels can experience accelerated hydrogen pickup, whereas Zircaloy-4 components exposed to similar conditions do not. Because the principal difference between the two alloys is that Zircaloy-2 contains nickel, accelerated hydrogen pickup has been hypothesized to result from the presence of nickel. However, an understanding of the mechanism by which this acceleration occurs is still lacking. We investigated the link between hydrogen pickup and the oxidation behavior of alloying elements when incorporated into the oxide layers formed on zirconium alloys when corroded in the reactor. Manuscript received March 20, 2016; accepted for publication November 10, 2016. Pennsylvania State University, Dept. of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, University Park, PA 16802 A. S. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-2756 A. M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-1491 Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA 94304 Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 ASTM 18th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry on May 15-19, 2016 in Hilton Head, SC. Copyright VC 2018 by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. ZIRCONIUM IN THE NUCLEAR INDUSTRY: 18TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 524 STP 1597, 2018 / available online at www.astm. org / doi: 10.1520/STP159720160076 Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Mon May 13 12:45:02 EDT 2019 Downloaded/printed by Penn State University (Penn State University) pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. Synchrotron radiation microbeam X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Advanced Photon Source was performed on carefully selected BWR-corroded Zircaloy-2 water rods at an assembly-averaged burnup ranging from 32.8 to 74.6 GWd/MTU to determine the oxidation states of alloying elements, such as iron and nickel, within the oxide layers as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface at high burnup. Samples were chosen for comparison based on having similar oxide thicknesses, processing, elevation, reactors, and fluences but different hydrogen pickup fractions. Examinations of the oxide layers formed on these samples showed that (1) the oxidation states of these alloying elements changed with distance from the oxide-metal interface, (2) these elements exhibited delayed oxidation relative to the host zirconium, and (3) nickel in Zircaloy-2 remained metallic in the oxide layer at a longer distance from the oxide-metal interface than iron. An analysis of these results showed an apparent correlation between the delayed oxidation of nickel and higher hydrogen pickup of Zircaloy-2 at high burnup.
LEARNING JAZZ GRAMMARS

We are interested in educational software tools that can generate novel jazz solos in a style representative of a body of performed work, such as solos by a specific artist. Our approach is to provide automated learning of a grammar from a corpus of performances. Use of a grammar is robust, in that it can provide generation of solos over novel chord changes, as well as ones used in the learning process. Automation is desired because manual creation of a grammar in a particular playing style is a labor-intensive, trial-and-error, process. Our approach is based on unsupervised learning of a grammar from a corpus of one or more performances, using a combination of clustering and Markov chains. We first define the basic building blocks for contours of typical jazz solos, which we call “slopes”, then show how these slopes may be incorporated into a grammar wherein the notes are chosen according to tonal categories relevant to jazz playing. We show that melodic contours can be accurately portrayed using slopes learned from a corpus. By reducing turn-around time for grammar creation, our method provides new flexibility for experimentation with improvisational styles. Initial experimental results are reported.
A real-time coarse-to-fine multiview capture system for all-in-focus rendering on a light-field display

We present an end-to-end system capable of real-time capturing and displaying with full horizontal parallax high-quality 3D video contents on a cluster-driven multiprojector light-field display. The capture component is an array of low-cost USB cameras connected to a single PC. RawM-JPEG data coming fromthe software-synchronized cameras are multicast over Gigabit Ethernet to the back-end nodes of the rendering cluster, where they are decompressed and rendered. For all-in-focus rendering, view-dependent depth is estimated on the GPU using a customized multiview space-sweeping approach based on fast Census-based area matching implemented in CUDA. Realtime performance is demonstrated on a system with 18 VGA cameras and 72 SVGA rendering projectors.
Continuous-curvature path planning for car-like vehicles

We consider path planning for a car-like vehicle. Previous solutions to this problem computed paths made up of circular arcs connected by tangential line segments. Such paths have a discontinuous curvature profile. Accordingly a vehicle following such a path has to stop at each curvature discontinuity in order to re-orientate its front wheels. To remove this limitation, we add a continuous-curvature constraint to the problem at hand. In addition, we introduce a constraint on the curvature derivative, so as to reflect the fact that a car-like vehicle can only re-orientate its front wheels with a finite velocity. We propose an efficient solution to the problem at hand that relies upon the definition of a set of paths with continuous curvature and maximum curvature derivative. These paths contain at most eight pieces, each piece being either a line segment, a circular arc of maximum curvature, or a clothoid arc. They are called simple continuous curvature paths. They are used to design a local path planner. The experimental results are presented.
“Sustainable assemblage for energy (SAE)” inside intelligent urban areas: How massive heterogeneous data could help to reduce energy footprints and promote sustainable practices and an ecological transition

Worldwide, human activities have a major impact on energy production and consumption. Urban areas, where the majority of the world population lives, are confronted with many environmental problems especially in emerging countries where a potential ecological transition is shadowed by frenetic economic development. At the same time, the deployment of intelligent infrastructures (Smart Grids), new technologies or paradigms (ubiquitous computing, Big Data) impact behaviors and practices of inhabitants of these areas. The ability to aggregate and model these digital traces in multiple dimensions could allow people to better understand their daily activities and promote more sustainable behaviors and practices by reducing the footprints related to every human collective activity. This paper aims to explore how to facilitate the decision-making process for inhabitants of these intelligent urban areas about their sustainable practices and lifestyles based on massive heterogeneous data in order to optimize the daily production and consumption of energy and meet the challenges of energy access and ecological transition.