Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LIS PROFESSIONALS AND ROLE OF FACEBOOK: SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE IN AWARENESS

Esta pesquisa investiga como, porque e quanto os profissionais da Ciencia da Informacao utilizam o Facebook, um dos sites de redes sociais mais populares, bem como verifica o impacto na educacao e na interacao social. O objetivo deste estudo e examinar os propositos do uso do Facebook por profissionais da Ciencia da Informacao. O estudo explora o site de rede social Facebook, de modo a trabalha-lo como uma ferramenta eficaz para disseminar informacao e conhecimento, bem como conscientizar os profissionais da informacao que participam do Maharashtra Librarians Online Study Circle [Circulo de Estudo Online de Bibliotecarios de Maharashtra] (MLOSC) quanto ao aspecto mais importante do Facebook, qual seja, o de colaboracao e compartilhamento online, uma vez que e composto por uma rede social, cujas caracteristicas centralizam usuarios com interesses comuns. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionario distribuido aleatoriamente entre os profissionais do Grupo MLOSC. Este artigo relata a pesquisa realizada no Facebook, visando criar uma consciencia entre os profissionais da Ciencia da Informacao em relacao ao seu uso, de forma a usufruir os beneficios da rede social do Facebook.
MOBILITY EFFECTS REDUX: DOES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY SHAPE INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY?

Social Scientists have long been interested in how the social environment shapes individual health, well-being, and personality. In this study I expand on this issue and ask how changes in social status, particularly intergenerational occupational mobility, influence individual psychology. Though much modern sociological research seeks to describe processes of achievement, attainment, and mobility, “mobility effects” research seeks to understand the individual consequences rather than the causes of social mobility. Drawing from the work of Sorokin (1927; 1959) and the “mobility effects” literature, I use data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) and Sobel‟s Diagonal Mobility models (1981; 1985) to estimate the association between mobility and psychological distress, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience. After accounting for background characteristics and origin and destination occupational status, I find little evidence for “mobility effects” insofar as they were theorized by Sorokin. In no instance were mobile individuals found to be significantly more psychologically distressed, emotionally instable (Neuroticism), or “open to experiences” than their nonmobile counterparts. I do find however that those who are mobile from farm origins tend to experience lower levels of distress and neuroticism than do their nonmobile counterparts, suggesting that the association of mobility and psychological outcomes may vary by social class origin and historical context. In addition, mobile individuals tended to resemble those in their destination rather than their origin social class, which suggests that destination social class plays a larger role in shaping psychological outcomes than does origin status. Implications of these results, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
New paradigm to assess brain cell morphology by diffusion-weighted MR spectroscopy in vivo

Significance Characterizing the microstructure of an organ noninvasively using molecular diffusion measurements represents a major challenge in medical imaging and life science. In this work, we propose concepts in diffusion magnetic resonance to noninvasively extract morphological properties of brain cells that are out of reach of existing neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted MRI. We show how long-range morphology of neurons and astrocytes can affect the diffusion of cell-specific metabolites at ultra-long diffusion times and that adequate modeling strategy seems to allow extracting morphological parameters such as astrocytic and neuronal process length and complexity, opening the way to noninvasive histology of the brain. We believe that the concepts and methods introduced here may represent a significant breakthrough in neuroimaging and neurosciences. The brain is one of the most complex organs, and tools are lacking to assess its cellular morphology in vivo. Here we combine original diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy acquisition and novel modeling strategies to explore the possibility of quantifying brain cell morphology noninvasively. First, the diffusion of cell-specific metabolites is measured at ultra-long diffusion times in the rodent and primate brain in vivo to observe how cell long-range morphology constrains metabolite diffusion. Massive simulations of particles diffusing in synthetic cells parameterized by morphometric statistics are then iterated to fit experimental data. This method yields synthetic cells (tentatively neurons and astrocytes) that exhibit striking qualitative and quantitative similarities with histology (e.g., using Sholl analysis). With our approach, we measure major interspecies difference regarding astrocytes, whereas dendritic organization appears better conserved throughout species. This work suggests that the time dependence of metabolite diffusion coefficient allows distinguishing and quantitatively characterizing brain cell morphologies noninvasively.
Compression of residual layers of layered depth video using hierarchical block truncation coding

Layered depth video (LDV) is a method of compressing and rendering multi-view video sequences. The LDV format consists of multiple layers of information of which the first layer is made up of the reference camera's color and depth components and the remaining layers consist of residual color and depth information. The residual layers of the LDV consist of sparse and irregularly shaped objects which pose a problem during compression. In this paper, we propose a scheme for compressing the residual color and depth layers of the LDV using hierarchical block truncation coding (HBTC). In this paper, we first propose a two-mode BTC scheme that can take advantage of uniform blocks of pixels and effectively reduce the overall bitrate. Next, we combine the proposed two-mode BTC scheme with traditional quadtree decomposition to create a hierarchical block truncation coding scheme which we prove is suitable for encoding sparse irregularly shaped objects in an image. In order to show the performance of the proposed compression scheme, we compare the rate-distortion performance with that of H.264/AVC in the Intra mode. The results show that the proposed compression scheme can give upto 0.8-1.0 dB improvement in the synthesized view quality at comparable bitrates.
A Cellulolytic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterium Cultured from the Gland of Deshayes in Shipworms (Bivalvia: Teredinidae)

A novel bacterium has been isolated in pure culture from the gland of Deshayes in six species of teredinid bivalves. It is the first bacterium known to both digest cellulose and fix nitrogen, and it is a participant in a unique symbiotic relation with shipworms that may explain how teredinids are able to use wood as their principal food source.
Lnetwork: an efficient and effective method for constructing phylogenetic networks

MOTIVATION The evolutionary history of species is traditionally represented with a rooted phylogenetic tree. Each tree comprises a set of clusters, i.e. subsets of the species that are descended from a common ancestor. When rooted phylogenetic trees are built from several different datasets (e.g. from different genes), the clusters are often conflicting. These conflicting clusters cannot be expressed as a simple phylogenetic tree; however, they can be expressed in a phylogenetic network. Phylogenetic networks are a generalization of phylogenetic trees that can account for processes such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer and recombination, which are difficult to represent in standard tree-like models of evolutionary histories. There is currently a large body of research aimed at developing appropriate methods for constructing phylogenetic networks from cluster sets. The Cass algorithm can construct a much simpler network than other available methods, but is extremely slow for large datasets or for datasets that need lots of reticulate nodes. The networks constructed by Cass are also greatly dependent on the order of input data, i.e. it generally derives different phylogenetic networks for the same dataset when different input orders are used. RESULTS In this study, we introduce an improved Cass algorithm, Lnetwork, which can construct a phylogenetic network for a given set of clusters. We show that Lnetwork is significantly faster than Cass and effectively weakens the influence of input data order. Moreover, we show that Lnetwork can construct a much simpler network than most of the other available methods. AVAILABILITY Lnetwork has been built as a Java software package and is freely available at http://nclab.hit.edu.cn/∼wangjuan/Lnetwork/. CONTACT maozuguo@hit.edu.cn SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Me, myself, and my hyperego: understanding people through the aggregation of their digital footprints

Every day, millions of people encounter strangers online. We read their medical advice, buy their products, and ask them out on dates. Yet our views of them are very limited; we see individual communication acts rather than the person(s) as a whole. This thesis contends that socially-focused machine learning and visualization of archived digital footprints can improve the capacity of social media to help form impressions of online strangers. Four original designs are presented that each examine the social fabric of a different existing online world. The designs address unique perspectives on the problem of and opportunities offered by online impression formation. The first work, Is Britney Spears Spam? , examines a way of prototyping strangers on first contact by modeling their past behaviors across a social network. Landscape of Words identifies cultural and topical trends in large online publics. Personas is a data portrait that characterizes individuals by collating heterogenous textual artifacts. The final design, Defuse, navigates and visualizes virtual crowds using metrics grounded in sociology. A reflection on these experimental endeavors is also presented, including a formalization of the problem and considerations for future research. A meta-critique by a panel of domain experts completes the discussion. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Protein secondary structure prediction of PDB 4HU7 using Genetic Algorithm (GA)

In the last few decades the Genomic data and research associated to these Genomic Data sets are folded in to several times. Bioinformatics is the Application of Computer technology in the field of medicine or drug research. As these Genomic data are folded into a huge multiples so there is the necessity of computer and an effective computing technology to process these data set for better and optimum result in Drug design or medical/medicine research. There are various hard computing and Soft Computing technologies that are being applied in this field by various researchers. Soft Computing technologies like Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithms and other hybrid soft computing technologies like swarm optimization, Ant Colony Network are also very popular and upcoming technologies for these research. Protein Structure prediction is the prediction of three dimension structure form its amino acid sequence and a Protein molecule contain several amino acid sequences which changes it shape in the effect of external agents and application of various drugs from time to time. Genetic Algorithm is a model of machine learning which represent the behaviour of the system in the form of a metaphor of the processes. So Genetic Algorithm can be applied in the field of Protein Structure Prediction to predict the structure and for the creation of a metaphor of the changes in the shape and size of the protein molecules or the amino acid sequences. So in this research article we have applied Genetic Algorithm for the purpose of Protein Structure prediction. For a case study purpose we have taken the example of a 4HU7 protein data set and we have also provides the simulation result for this purpose.
Snoring: An acoustic monitoring technique

Snoring is a significant symptom of upper airway obstruction which has not been measured and quantified in a clinically useful manner. A technique to determine acoustic level, frequency, and duration of snoring is reported. Four case studies illustrate the utility of this method. It is recommended that acoustic monitoring be included in the polysomnographic assessment of selected sleep disorder patients.
A Factorized Approach to WLS State Estimation

This paper presents a factorized state estimation methodology based on the solution of two successive WLS problems. In the proposed scheme, a minimal set of intermediate variables is first introduced so that the resulting measurement model is linear. Estimates of those variables are then used as pseudo-measurements of a subsequent nonlinear estimator, along with the associated covariance matrix. The aim of the preliminary step is to reduce the size of the raw measurement vector to the maximum extent, without losing any relevant statistical information. Simulation results show that the proposed approach converges faster, is computationally more efficient, and provides accurate estimates after the first linear stage.
Specific jarosite biomineralization by Purpureocillium lilacinum, an acidophilic fungi isolated from Río Tinto.

Río Tinto (Huelva, southwestern Spain) is an extreme environment with a remarkably constant acidic pH and a high concentration of heavy metals, conditions generated by the metabolic activity of chemolithotrophic microorganisms thriving in the rich complex sulfides of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Fungal strains isolated from the Tinto basin were characterized morphologically and phylogenetically. The strain identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum specifically induced the formation of a yellow-ocher precipitate, identified as hydronium-jarosite, an iron sulfate mineral which appears in abundance on the banks of Río Tinto. The biomineral was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and its formation was observed with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) microanalysis. Jarosite began to nucleate on the fungal cell wall, associated to the EPS, due to a local increase in the Fe(3+) /Fe(2+) ratio which generated supersaturation. Its formation has been also observed in non-viable cells, although with much less efficiency. The occurrence of P. lilacinum in an ecosystem with high concentrations of ferric iron and sulfates such as Río Tinto suggests that it could participate in the process of jarosite precipitation, helping to shape and control the geochemical properties of this environment.
Ecological Modeling and Simulation

Models have been in use in resource analyses as long as man has made attempts to understand, modify, or control part of the ecosystem. The models have often been only mental models, or they may have been written in the form of a project outline or work plan. Models have been increasing in complexity as more biological knowledge is accumulated. Present capabilities for rapid and accurate computations with electronic computers make it possible to build very complex models that include the analyses of many relationships between organism and environment. How do we begin developing a model? The model starts with the formation of an idea. This conceptual model can be explained verbally to others, and can be described in prose form, outline form, or in a schematic form that illustrates the main components of the model being described in writing. This verbal model can become quantitative by representing the components of the model by numerical quantities. Thus there has been a progression from a conceptual to a verbal to a quantitative model. This progression in no way guarantees that the model is of any value. The idea might have been poor, words might not adequ ately express the ideas, and the numbers may be poor representations of the actual strength of the relationships being considered. Its value is dependent on the level of realism associated with the model and the part of the real world that it represents. The sequence of events in the building of a working model of biological 32
Graph Calculus: Scalable Shortest Path Analytics for Large Social Graphs through Core Net

We focus on the problem of scalable shortest path analytics for large social graphs in this paper. While shortest path distance problem has been investigated extensively, massive graphs on social networks such as Facebook and Linked In call for reinvestigation of the problem due to the requirements of scalability and suitability for distributed computing. We propose a core-net based approach to address the problem. In our new core-net algorithm, popular nodes are selected based on their node degrees. Since some of these popular nodes may not be connected, we further include bridge nodes, which connect two or more popular nodes and improve their connectivity, but are not popular nodes themselves. Breadth First Search (BFS) technique is then used to compute shortest paths between any pair of nodes on the core net. When the shortest path between two arbitrary vertices, u and v, is queried, we approximate it with triangulation. We present a graph calculus theory in which the estimated distance goes to the real shortest distance when the degree threshold goes to zero. Analysis and simulation results confirm the superiority of our design, which can easily scale to MapReduce.
Hot Stars and Cool Clouds: The Photodissociation Region M16

We present high-resolution spectroscopy and images of a photodissociation region (PDR) in M16 obtained during commissioning of the near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC) on the Keck II telescope. PDRs play a significant role in regulating star formation, and M16 offers the opportunity to examine the physical processes of a PDR in detail. We simultaneously observe both the molecular and ionized phases of the PDR and resolve the spatial and kinematic differences between them. The most prominent regions of the PDR are viewed edge-on. Fluorescent emission from nearby stars is the primary excitation source, although collisions also preferentially populate the lowest vibrational levels of H2. Variations in density-sensitive emission-line ratios demonstrate that the molecular cloud is clumpy, with an average density n = 3 × 105 cm-3. We measure the kinetic temperature of the molecular region directly and find that T = 930 K. The observed density, temperature, and UV flux imply a photoelectric heating efficiency of 4%. In the ionized region, ni = 5 × 103 cm-3 and T = 9500 K. In the brightest regions of the PDR, the recombination line widths include a nonthermal component, which we attribute to viewing geometry.
Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatase7 Regulates the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis1[C][W][OA]

Plants possess remarkable ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The adaptation process involves the removal of many molecules from organelles, especially membranes, and replacing them with new ones. The process is mediated by an intracellular vesicle-trafficking system regulated by phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) kinases and phosphatases. Although PtdIns comprise a fraction of membrane lipids, they function as major regulators of stress signaling. We analyzed the role of PtdIns 5-phosphatases (5PTases) in plant salt tolerance. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 15 At5PTases. We analyzed salt sensitivity in nine At5ptase mutants and identified one (At5ptase7) that showed increased sensitivity, which was improved by overexpression. At5ptase7 mutants demonstrated reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Supplementation of mutants with exogenous PtdIns dephosphorylated at the D5′ position restored ROS production, while PtdIns(4,5)P2, PtdIns(3,5)P2, or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 were ineffective. Compromised salt tolerance was also observed in mutant NADPH Oxidase, in agreement with the low ROS production and salt sensitivity of PtdIns 3-kinase mutants and with the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity in wild-type plants. Localization of green fluorescent protein-labeled At5PTase7 occurred in the plasma membrane and nucleus, places that coincided with ROS production. Analysis of salt-responsive gene expression showed that mutants failed to induce the RD29A and RD22 genes, which contain several ROS-dependent elements in their promoters. Inhibition of ROS production by diphenylene iodonium suppressed gene induction. In summary, our results show a nonredundant function of At5PTase7 in salt stress response by regulating ROS production and gene expression.
Fault Diagnosis for Wheeled Mobile Robots Based on Adaptive Particle Filter

An adaptive particle filter for fault diagnosis of dead-reckoning system was presented. It provided a general framework to integrate rule-based domain knowledge into particle filter. Domain knowledge was exploited to constrain the state space to certain subset. The state space is adjusted by setting the transition matrix. Two typical advantages of this method are: (1) particles will never be drawn from hopeless area of the state space; (2) the particle numbers is reduced. The method is testified in the problem of fault diagnosis for wheeled mobile robots
Optimizing Rotorcraft Approach Trajectories with Acoustic and Land Use Models

Recent increase in interest in using rotorcraft (helicopters and tilt-rotor craft) for public transportation has spurred research in making rotorcraft less noisy, particularly as they land. The ground noise associated with landing trajectories followed by ro-torcraft depends in part on the changes in altitude and velocity of the rotorcraft during flight. Acoustic models of ground noise taking altitude and velocity effects into account can be used in an optimization process to determine a set of potentially quieter pilot operations. However, optimizing solely for acoustic properties produces patterns that abstract away from the environment in which the trajectory is flown. A quiet procedure flown over a residential area can create considerable annoyance. To overcome this limitation of acoustic-based optimization we propose a hybrid cost model for optimization that combines acoustic criteria with a land use model that views noise-sensitive areas around landing facilities as weighted obstacles. The result is a 3D route planning problem with obstacles. We introduce a system, called NORA (Noise Optimization for Rotorcraft Approach) that allows for the computation of trajectories that simultaneously solve for acoustically quiet patterns that also avoid land sensitive areas.
Chemical composition and toxicity of emissions from burning five vegetation types of Western Australia under experimental combustion conditions

i DECLARATION . iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT . iv TABLE OF CONTENTS . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . x RESEARCH OUTPUTS . xi