Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targets but not Victims

This study examines the experiences of 18 Latina/o students attending the University of Arizona in the wake of SB 1070 (anti-immigrant) and HB 2281 (anti-Mexican American Studies). Students experienced a hostile campus climate; however, many channeled their frustrations into political engagement. Findings indicate that despite anti-Latina/o legislation and a hostile campus racial climate, students do not necessarily become racial victims. Practitioners should create opportunities for students to engage in dialogue, which critically analyzes racial policies.
NAIST at the HOO 2012 Shared Task

This paper describes the Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST) error correction system in the Helping Our Own (HOO) 2012 Shared Task. Our system targets preposition and determiner errors with spelling correction as a pre-processing step. The result shows that spelling correction improves the Detection, Correction, and Recognition F-scores for preposition errors. With regard to preposition error correction, F-scores were not improved when using the training set with correction of all but preposition errors. As for determiner error correction, there was an improvement when the constituent parser was trained with a concatenation of treebank and modified treebank where all the articles appearing as the first word of an NP were removed. Our system ranked third in preposition and fourth in determiner error corrections.
Exploring the Limits of Static Failover Routing

We present and study the Static-Routing-Resiliency problem, motivated by routing on the Internet: Given a graph $G$, a unique destination vertex $d$, and an integer constant $c>0$, does there exist a static and destination-based routing scheme such that the correct delivery of packets from any source $s$ to the destination $d$ is guaranteed so long as (1) no more than $c$ edges fail and (2) there exists a physical path from $s$ to $d$? We embark upon a systematic exploration of this fundamental question in a variety of models (deterministic routing, randomized routing, with packet-duplication, with packet-header-rewriting) and present both positive and negative results that relate the edge-connectivity of a graph, i.e., the minimum number of edges whose deletion partitions $G$, to its resiliency.
Stokes drift

During its periodic motion, a particle floating at the free surface of a water wave experiences a net drift velocity in the direction of wave propagation, known as the Stokes drift (Stokes 1847 Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 8, 441–455). More generally, the Stokes drift velocity is the difference between the average Lagrangian flow velocity of a fluid parcel and the average Eulerian flow velocity of the fluid. This paper reviews progress in fundamental and applied research on the induced mean flow associated with surface gravity waves since the first description of the Stokes drift, now 170 years ago. After briefly reviewing the fundamental physical processes, most of which have been established for decades, the review addresses progress in laboratory and field observations of the Stokes drift. Despite more than a century of experimental studies, laboratory studies of the mean circulation set up by waves in a laboratory flume remain somewhat contentious. In the field, rapid advances are expected due to increasingly small and cheap sensors and transmitters, making widespread use of small surface-following drifters possible. We also discuss remote sensing of the Stokes drift from high-frequency radar. Finally, the paper discusses the three main areas of application of the Stokes drift: in the coastal zone, in Eulerian models of the upper ocean layer and in the modelling of tracer transport, such as oil and plastic pollution. Future climate models will probably involve full coupling of ocean and atmosphere systems, in which the wave model provides consistent forcing on the ocean surface boundary layer. Together with the advent of new space-borne instruments that can measure surface Stokes drift, such models hold the promise of quantifying the impact of wave effects on the global atmosphere–ocean system and hopefully contribute to improved climate projections. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Passivity Analysis for Discrete-Time Periodically Controlled Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, we generalize the classical definition of pass ivity to discrete-time periodically controlled nonlinear systems that are open loop nonpassive and closed-loop feedb ack passive. In the classical passivity theory, a system is said to be passive if there exists a storage function such t hat the increase in storage function is bounded by the energy supplied to it at every time step. This definition m ay be overly restrictive. Therefore, we consider a periodically controlled system to be passive as long as the i ncrease in storage function at the end of a period as compared to the beginning of the period is bounded by the accu mulated energy supplied to it within this period. Because the input/output structure switches periodically , we need to exploit the zero dynamics of the closed-loop system and relate it to the passivity of the periodically con tr lled system. We prove that: 1) There exists a maximum allowable transmission ratio (MATR) between the time steps at which the system evolves open and closed-loop within a period such that the generalized passivity of syste m z ro dynamics is guaranteed; and 2) If the system zero dynamics is passive, the original periodically contro lled nonlinear system is also locally passive.
An experimental study of novel scanning system suitable for UWB radar application

In this paper, we present a novel electrical antenna scanning system suitable for short-range UWB radars. We have developed our previously proposed UWB impulse array antenna (IAA) and experimentally verified its usefulness. This antenna scanning system features two new technologies. First, each antenna element is equipped with an impulse generator. Second, the time control between the antenna elements is realized by using tapped delay lines and by transmitting trigger signals. An experimental UWB array antenna and a trial radar have been designed and fabricated. The measurement results show excellent performance of this antenna as a scanning antenna and as a short-range radar system. Thus, it is expected that this UWB antenna scanning system will contribute to the performance improvement, size and cost reductions of short-range radar systems such as obstacle detectors, anti-collision sensors and through-wall radars.
On the Stopping Redundancy of MDS Codes

The stopping redundancy of a linear code is defined as the minimum number of rows in its parity-check matrix such that the smallest stopping sets have size equal to the minimum distance of the code. We derive new upper bounds on the stopping redundancy of maximum distance separable (MDS) codes, and show how they improve upon previously known results. The new bounds are found by upper bounding the stopping redundancy by a combinatorial quantity closely related to Turan numbers. (The Turan number, T(v, k, t), is the smallest number of t-subsets of a v-set, such that every k-subset of the v-set contains at least one of the t-subsets. ) Asymptotically, we show that the stopping redundancy of MDS codes with length n and minimum distance d > 1 is T(n, d -1, d - 2)(1 + O(n-1)) for fixed d, and is at most T(n, d - 1, d - 2)(3 + O(n-1)) for fixed code dimension k = n - d + 1. For d = 2,3,4, we prove that the stopping redundancy is equal to T(n, d - 1, d - 2). For d = 5, we show that the stopping redundancy is either T(n, 4, 3) or T(n, 4, 3) + 1
BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making

Background: Using technology to access clinical information has become a critical skill for family physicians. The aims of this study were to assess the way family physicians use the Internet to look for clinical information and how their patterns vary from those of specialists. Further, we sought a better understanding of how family physicians used just-in-time information in clinical practice. Methods: A fax survey was provided with 17 items. The survey instrument, adapted from two previous studies, was sent to community-based physicians. The questions measured frequency of use and importance of the Internet, palm computers, Internet CME, and email for information seeking and CME. Barriers to use were explored. Demographic data was gathered concerning gender, years since medical school graduation, practice location, practice type, and practice specialty. Results: Family physicians found the Internet to be useful and important as an information source. They were more likely to search for patient oriented material than were specialists who more often searched literature, journals and corresponded with colleagues. Hand held computers were used by almost half of family physicians. Conclusion: Family physicians consider the Internet important to the practice of medicine, and the majority use it regularly. Their searches differ from colleagues in other specialties with a focus on direct patient care questions. Almost half of family physicians use hand held computers, most often for drug reference.
Speech generation from concept for realizing conversation with an agent in a virtual room

A concept to speech generation was realized in an agent dialogue system, where an agent (a stuffed animal) walked around in a small room constructed on a computer display to complete some jobs with instructions from a user. The communication between the user and the agent was done through speech. If the agent could not complete the job because of some difficulties, it tried to solve the problems through conversations with the user. Different from other spoken dialogue systems, the speech output from the agent was generated directly from the concept, and was synthesized using higher linguistic information. This scheme could largely improve the prosodic quality of speech output. In order to realize the concept to speech conversion, the linguistic information was handled as a tree structure in the whole dialogue process.
Response to a Coresident EBV Infection Old Age: Cytomegalovirus Impairs the Herpesvirus-Specific CD8 T Cell Immunity in

Aging in humans is associated with increased infections and the reduced proliferative capacity of T cells, part of the more global phenomenon termed immune senescence. The etiology of immune senescence is unknown but the accumulation of virus-speciﬁc memory T cells may be a contributory factor. We have examined CD8 T cell responses to two persistent herpesvirus infections, CMV and EBV, and to a recurrent virus infection, inﬂuenza, in different age cohorts of healthy donors using HLA-peptide tetramers and intracellular cytokine detection. Of these, CMV appears to be the most immunogenic, with the CD8 T cell response representing over 10% of the CD8 pool in many elderly donors. Interestingly, the effect of age upon EBV-speciﬁc responses depends upon donor CMV sero-status. In CMV seropositive donors, the magnitude of the EBV-speciﬁc immune response is stable with age, but in CMV seronegative donors, the response to EBV increases signiﬁcantly with age. By contrast, the inﬂuenza-speciﬁc CD8 T cell immune response decreases with age, independent of CMV status. The functional activity of the herpesvirus-speciﬁc immune response decreases in elderly donors, although the characteristic phenotypes of CMV- and EBV-speciﬁc memory populations are retained. This demonstrates that aging is associated with a marked accumulation of CMV-speciﬁc CD8 T cells together with a decrease in immediate effector function. Moreover, infection with CMV can reduce prevailing levels of immunity to EBV, another persistent virus. These results suggest that carriage of CMV may be detrimental to the immunocompetent host by suppressing heterologous virus-speciﬁc immunity during aging. The Journal of
Improved status following behavioural intervention in a case of severe dysarthria with stroke aetiology

Abstract There is little published intervention outcome literature concerning dysarthria acquired from stroke. Single case studies have potential for more detailed specification and interpretation than is generally possible in larger studies so are informative for clinicians dealing with similar cases. Such research also contributes to planning of larger scale investigations. Behavioural intervention is described which was carried out between 7–9 months after stroke with a 69-year-old man with severe dysarthria. Pre-intervention stability between 5–7 months contrasted with post-intervention gains. Significant improvement was demonstrated using randomized, blinded assessment by 10 judges on measures of word and reading intelligibility and communication effectiveness in conversation. A range of speech analyses were undertaken (rate, pause, and intonation characteristics in connected speech and single word phonetic transcription), with the aim of identifying speech components which might explain the listeners’ perceptions of improvement. Changes were detected mainly in parameters related to utterance segmentation and intonation. The basis of post-intervention improvement in dysarthria is complex, both in terms of the active therapeutic dimensions and also the specific speech alterations which account for changes to intelligibility and effectiveness.
Polarity Effect in Electrovibration for Tactile Display

Electrovibration is the tactile sensation of an alternating potential between the human body and a smooth conducting surface when the skin slides over the surface and where the current is too small to stimulate sensory nerves directly. It has been proposed as a high-density tactile display method, for example to display pictographic information to persons who are blind. Previous models for the electrovibration transduction mechanism are based on a parallel-plate capacitor in which the electrostatic force is insensitive to polarity. We present experimental data showing that electrovibratory perceptual sensitivity to positive pulses is less than that for negative or biphasic pulses and propose that this disparity may be due to the asymmetric electrical properties of human skin. We furthermore propose using negative pulses for insulated tactile displays based on electrovibration because their sensory thresholds were found to be more stable than for waveforms incorporating positive pulses
Assessing Arabic couples: An evidence-based approach

Assessing couple relationships across diverse languages and cultures has important implications for both clinical intervention and prevention. However, empirically validated measures of relationship functioning for couples from non-Western cultures have generally been lacking. The current study examined the psychometric properties and measurement invariance of an Arabic translation of the Marital Satisfaction Inventory – Revised (MSI-R), a 150-item, 13-scale measure of couple relationship functioning, and a brief 10-item screening scale (MSI-B) derived from this measure. Data were collected from 84 community and 32 clinic Middle Eastern couples living in Qatar. The Arabic MSI-R demonstrated moderate-to-strong internal consistency, discriminative validity, and factorial invariance across Qatari and US standardization samples. Similarly, findings regarding the 10-item Arabic MSI-B supported its internal consistency and discriminative validity. Overall, psychometric characteristics for both the full-length MSI-R and the MSI-B screener suggest the clinical utility of these measures for identifying Arabic-speaking couples for whom secondary prevention or intervention protocols may be appropriate.
SMS - tool for development and performance analysis of parallel applications

This work presents the SMS (Superscalar Multiprocessor Simulator) tool $version 1.0 - based in the SimpleScalar's core. That tool allows parallel application development, performance analysis and will provide the configuration of several parallel and distributed architectural models. The tool's user will be able to simulate distributed or shared memory use, as well as to define the inter-processor communication topology and protocol. In the current version, the tool already provides send and receive communication primitives for message exchange and topology in shared bus. When compared to the other similar tools, the SMS has all the SimpleScalar advantages. Thus, the SMS becomes a low cost alternative for research and education in development and performance analysis of parallel applications.
La recherche en psychologie clinique

La psychologie clinique designe a la fois un domaine (celui de la psychopathologie) et une methode (clinique) qui s’insere dans une activite pratique visant la reconnaissance et la nomination de certains etats, aptitudes, comportements dans le but de proposer une therapeutique, une mesure d’ordre social ou educatif ou une forme de conseil permettant une aide, une modification positive de l’individu. Les domaines d’intervention se composent de multiples champs qui ne se limitent ni aux sujets atteints de troubles mentaux ni a la stricte reference a la dimension individuelle. L’evolution de la discipline a entraine l’apparition de nouvelles pratiques, de nouveaux lieux, de nouveaux objets : aide aux mourants, handicap, marginalite, souffrance sociale. , institutions non psychiatriques (creche, hopital general, prison.), moments du developpement normal (nourrisson, adolescent, sujet âge.). Quatre types de recherche existent : la recherche en clinique ; la recherche clinique ; la recherche-action et la recherche evaluative. Les methodes et les techniques sont : l’observation clinique, l’entretien clinique, les tests et les echelles et les questionnaires.
A Comparative Study Ontology Building Tools for Semantic Web Applications

Ontologies have recently received popularity in the area of knowledge management and knowledge sharing, especially after the evolution of the Semantic Web and its supporting technologies. An ontology defines the terms and concepts (meaning) used to describe and represent an area of knowledge.The aim of this paper is to identify all possible existing ontologies and ontology management tools (Protege 3.4, Apollo, IsaViz & SWOOP) that are freely available and review them in terms of: a) interoperability, b) openness, c) easiness to update and maintain, d) market status and penetration. The results of the review in ontologies are analyzed for each application area, such as transport, tourism, personal services, health and social services, natural languages and other HCI-related domains. Ontology Building/Management Tools are used by different groups of people for performing diverse tasks. Although each tool provides different functionalities, most of the users just use only one, because they are not able to interchange their ontologies from one tool to another. In addition, we considered the compatibility of different ontologies with different development and management tools. The paper is also concerns the detection of commonalities and differences between the examined ontologies, both on the same domain (application area) and among different domains.
Signature Size and Dominance: A Brief Note

Summary It was hypothesized that signature size is correlated positively with dominance. To test this hypothesis, scores on the dominance scale of the Personality Research Form and signatures from 245 male and female college students were obtained. Signature area in millimeters squared correlated . 45 (p < .001) for the females and . 07 (ns) for the males.
Matching the Support to the Stressor: Implications for the Buffering Hypothesis

The stress-buffering effects of four types of social support on the general well-being of military wives were examined. The stressor was defined as the total number of days in the past 6 months that husbands had been away from home overnight. The four types of support examined were: (a) perceived support from other wives in the husband's unit; (b) perceived support from parents, siblings, and other relatives; (c) perceived support from military wives outside the husband's unit; and (d) perceived support from friends outside the military. Perceived support from other unit wives was the only type of support that emerged as a significant buffer against the stressor of a husband's absence.
Differential Neural Correlates Underlie Judgment of Learning and Subsequent Memory Performance

Judgment of learning (JOL) plays a pivotal role in self-regulated learning. Although the JOLs are in general accurate, important deviations from memory performance are often reported, especially when the JOLs are made immediately after learning. Nevertheless, existing studies have not clearly dissociated the neural processes underlying subjective JOL and objective memory. In the present study, participants were asked to study a list of words that would be tested 1 day later. Immediately after learning an item, participants predicted how likely they would remember that item. Critically, the JOL was performed on only half of the studied items to avoid its contamination on subsequent memory. We found that during encoding, compared to items later judged as “will be forgotten,” those judged as “will be remembered” showed stronger activities in the default-mode network, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as weaker functional connectivity between the left dorsolateral PFC and the visual cortex. The exact opposite pattern was found when comparing items that were actually remembered with those that were later forgotten. These important neural dissociations between JOL and memory performance shed light on the neural mechanisms of human metamemory bias.
Alignment-Free Design of Highly Discriminatory Diagnostic Primer Sets for Escherichia coli O104:H4 Outbreak Strains

Background An Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak in Germany in summer 2011 caused 53 deaths, over 4000 individual infections across Europe, and considerable economic, social and political impact. This outbreak was the first in a position to exploit rapid, benchtop high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and crowdsourced data analysis early in its investigation, establishing a new paradigm for rapid response to disease threats. We describe a novel strategy for design of diagnostic PCR primers that exploited this rapid draft bacterial genome sequencing to distinguish between E. coli O104:H4 outbreak isolates and other pathogenic E. coli isolates, including the historical hæmolytic uræmic syndrome (HUSEC) E. coli HUSEC041 O104:H4 strain, which possesses the same serotype as the outbreak isolates. Methodology/Principal Findings Primers were designed using a novel alignment-free strategy against eleven draft whole genome assemblies of E. coli O104:H4 German outbreak isolates from the E. coli O104:H4 Genome Analysis Crowd-Sourcing Consortium website, and a negative sequence set containing 69 E. coli chromosome and plasmid sequences from public databases. Validation in vitro against 21 ‘positive’ E. coli O104:H4 outbreak and 32 ‘negative’ non-outbreak EHEC isolates indicated that individual primer sets exhibited 100% sensitivity for outbreak isolates, with false positive rates of between 9% and 22%. A minimal combination of two primers discriminated between outbreak and non-outbreak E. coli isolates with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Conclusions/Significance Draft genomes of isolates of disease outbreak bacteria enable high throughput primer design and enhanced diagnostic performance in comparison to traditional molecular assays. Future outbreak investigations will be able to harness HTS rapidly to generate draft genome sequences and diagnostic primer sets, greatly facilitating epidemiology and clinical diagnostics. We expect that high throughput primer design strategies will enable faster, more precise responses to future disease outbreaks of bacterial origin, and help to mitigate their societal impact.