Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Options for Managing Severe Acetabular Bone Loss in Revision Hip Arthroplasty. a Systematic Review

Revision hip arthroplasty in the presence of severe acetabular bone loss is challenging and requires a solid understanding of current techniques. A literature search of multiple databases applying specific criteria revealed a total of 50 articles of level IV scientific evidence comprising 2415 patients (2480 hips) managed with reinforcement devices (roof-reinforcement rings and anti-protrusio cages), custom-made triflanged acetabular components (CTACs), jumbo cups and tantalum metal (TM) systems. Overall, patients had improved postoperative hip scores for each technique. The use of reinforcement devices resulted in a mean revision rate of 8.2% and a mean complication rate of 29.21%. CTACs were associated with a revision rate of 15.9% and had a complication rate of 24.5%. Jumbo cups were revised in 8.8% of patients and had a complication rate of 18.4%. TM systems had an overall revision rate of 8.5% with complications seen in 18.5% of patients. CTACs had considerably higher revision rates compared to the other techniques. Jumbo cups and TM systems had lower complication rates compared to the use of reinforcement devices and CTACs. The most frequently occurring complications seenthroughout the series were aseptic loosening, dislocation and infection.
Work Life Cycle on Erikson's Psychosocial Growth Cycle

The aim of this article is to explain and describe employees' needs, expectations and behaviors in the stages of work life cycle. For this purpose, Eriksson's psychosocial growth cycle is used as a metaphor. Based on this metaphor, work life cycle is divided into eight stages: from the beginning of employment to retirement. At each stage, there are needs and expectations for an individual, which if responded to properly and accomplished, then this psycho-organizational growth would continue healthily, and he could achieve a major virtue. However, if he fails at each stage, his psycho-organizational growth will be disrupted and deviated from the healthy path ending in deprivation and development of abnormal individual traits and organizational behavior.
Logical Reasoning and Computation : Essays dedicated to Luis Fariñas del Cerro Preface Near the end of 2015

Possibility theory and modal logic are two knowledge representation frameworks that share some common features, such as the duality between possibility and necessity, as well as some obvious di↵erences since possibility theory is graded but is not primarily a logical setting. In the last thirty years there have been a series of attempts, reviewed in this paper, for bridging the two frameworks in one way or another. Possibility theory relies on possibility distributions and modal logic on accessibility relations, at the semantic level. Beyond the observation that many properties of possibility theory have qualitative counterparts in terms of axioms of well-known modal logic systems, the first works have looked for (graded) accessibility relations that can account for the behavior of possibility and necessity measures. More recently, another view has emerged from the study of logics of incomplete information, which is no longer based on Kripke-like models. On the one hand, possibilistic logic, closely related to possibility theory, mainly handles beliefs having various strength. On the other hand, in the so-called meta-epistemic logic (MEL) an agent can express both beliefs and explicitly ignored facts (both without strength), by only using modal formulas of depth 1, and no objective ones; its semantics is based on epistemic states. The system MEL is an extension of MEL having the syntax of S5. Generalized possibilistic logic (GPL) extends both possibilistic logic and MEL, and has a semantics in terms of sets of possibility distributions. After a survey of these di↵erent attempts, the paper presents GPL, a graded counterpart of MEL that extends MEL by allowing objective (sub)formulas. The axioms of GPL are graded counterparts of those of S5 modal system, the semantics being based on pairs made of an interpretation (representing the real state of facts) and a possibility distribution (representing an epistemic state). Soundness and completeness are established. The paper also discusses the di↵erence with S5 used as a logic for rough sets that accounts for indiscernibility rather than incomplete information, using also the square of opposition as a common structure underlying modal logic, possibility theory, and rough set theory.
Decoding the neural mechanisms of human tool use

Sophisticated tool use is a defining characteristic of the primate species but how is it supported by the brain, particularly the human brain? Here we show, using functional MRI and pattern classification methods, that tool use is subserved by multiple distributed action-centred neural representations that are both shared with and distinct from those of the hand. In areas of frontoparietal cortex we found a common representation for planned hand- and tool-related actions. In contrast, in parietal and occipitotemporal regions implicated in hand actions and body perception we found that coding remained selectively linked to upcoming actions of the hand whereas in parietal and occipitotemporal regions implicated in tool-related processing the coding remained selectively linked to upcoming actions of the tool. The highly specialized and hierarchical nature of this coding suggests that hand- and tool-related actions are represented separately at earlier levels of sensorimotor processing before becoming integrated in frontoparietal cortex. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00425. 001
Analyzing conformance to clinical protocols involving advanced synchronizations

Clinical protocols are a popular instrument to document how clinicians are expected to behave under specific conditions. Protocols are typically based on internationally peer reviewed clinical guidelines as well as on hospital-local agreements. Existing techniques for monitoring protocol adherence only support protocol descriptions involving simple sequences and local decision rules. As care and cure processes are becoming increasingly complex, the need for more advanced techniques naturally emerges. In this paper we present a novel approach to defining and monitoring complex clinical protocols. By using BPMN to document protocols we enable the concise specification of protocols that involve multiple stakeholders that operate in parallel and under uncertainty. Uncertainty relates to the fact that protocols may involve complex loops and choices. While this specification style was becoming increasingly popular in the literature and practice of hospital management and operations management in general, corresponding conformance analysis techniques were still lacking. This paper contributes the first such technique and evaluate it on a complex compliance pattern from the cardiology domain.
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Vaginal Microflora and Epithelium in Women Using a Tampon with an Apertured Film Cover Compared with Those in Women Using a Commercial Tampon with a Cover of Nonwoven Fleece

ABSTRACT Healthy women with normal menstrual cycles were randomly assigned to use either a test tampon during cycle 1 and a reference tampon during cycle 2 or a reference tampon during cycle 1 and a test tampon during cycle 2. Tampons were identical except for their cover materials: apertured film for the test tampon and nonwoven fleece for the reference tampon. Product use was doubly blinded. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of vaginal cultures were done pre-, mid-, and postmenstrually for a broad panel of microorganisms, colposcopy was performed, and diary reports were collected; 101 of 105 enrolled subjects completed the study. Midmenstrual findings for a variety of organisms differed from pre- and postmenstrual observations whether subjects were using test or reference tampons. No statistically significant differences were noted in prevalence or colony counts at premenstrual versus mid- and postmenstrual visits for most microorganisms. Prevalences of Gardnerella and anaerobic gram-negative rods were significantly different between tampons at the premenstrual visit, when unusually low values were observed for the test and reference tampons, respectively. None of the changes or differences in microflora were considered to be clinically significant. It is noteworthy, however, that declines in the prevalence and abundance of Lactobacillus during the menstrual periods were less pronounced during the use of both test and reference tampons than those reported from previous studies. Colposcopy showed no abnormal findings with either tampon and no changes in vaginal or cervical epithelial integrity. Thus, all evidence from both microbiological and colposcopic evaluations indicates that the apertured film cover of the test tampon is as safe as the nonwoven cover of the reference tampon.
Isolating cause-effect chains from computer programs

Consider the execution of a failing program as a sequence of program states. Each state induces the following state, up to the failure. Which variables and values of a program state are relevant for the failure? We show how the Delta Debugging algorithm isolates the relevant variables and values by systematically narrowing the state difference between a passing run and a failing run---by assessing the outcome of altered executions to determine wether a change in the program state makes a difference in the test outcome. Applying Delta Debugging to multiple states of the program automatically reveals the cause-effect chain of the failure---that is, the variables and values that caused the failure.In a case study, our prototype implementation successfully isolated the cause-effect chain for a failure of the GNU C compiler: "Initially, the C program to be compiled contained an addition of 1.0; this caused an addition operator in the intermediate RTL representation; this caused a cycle in the RTL tree---and this caused the compiler to crash. "
Evaluating Macroprudential Policy with Financial Friction DSGE Model

In general, macroprudential policy refers to a set of regulatory policy imposed mainly on financial institutions, for macroeconomic purposes. In this paper, I aim to provide a DSGE framework to assess issues regarding macroprudential policy. Based on New Keynesian setup, I embedded financial accelerator mechanism by Bernanke et al. (1999) in both business and household lending contract and designed bank capital functioning as a buffer stock. Then I evaluate the effectiveness of various macroprudential policy rules given different shocks, using a policy evaluation measure in terms of inflation and output volatility. It turns out the target capital ratio reacting to output deviation performs the best, as it can reduce the volatility of inflation and output in most cases. LTV rule on household lending is in general not effective, as credit shifts away to the business sector. JEL Classification: E44, E50, E61
N-Terminal Pro–B-type Natriuretic Peptide and Stroke Risk: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort

Background and Purpose— Improved identification of those at risk of stroke might improve prevention. We evaluated the association of the cardiac function biomarker N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with stroke risk in the 30 239 black and white participants of the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Methods— During 5.4 years of follow-up after enrollment in 2003 to 2007, NT-proBNP was measured in baseline blood samples of 546 subjects with incident ischemic stroke and 956 without stroke. Results— NT-proBNP was higher with older age and in those with heart disease, kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, and lower low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Adjusting for age, race, sex, income, education, and traditional stroke risk factors, there was an increased risk of stroke across quartiles of NT-proBNP; participants with NT-proBNP in the top versus the bottom quartile had a hazard ratio of 2.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.9–4.5). There was no impact of added adjustment for kidney function and heart failure. Among pathogenetic stroke subtypes, the association was largest for cardioembolic stroke, with a hazard ratio of 9.1 (95% confidence interval, 2.9–29.2). Associations did not differ by age, sex, or race, or after excluding those with baseline heart failure or atrial fibrillation. Predicted stroke risk was more accurate in 27% of participants if NT-proBNP was considered after traditional stroke risk factors (P<0.001). Conclusions— NT-proBNP was a major independent risk marker for stroke. Considering this and other data for stroke, coronary disease, and atrial fibrillation, the clinical use of NT-proBNP measurement in primary prevention settings should be considered.
Risk of Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma Associated with Germline Variation in Genes that Regulate the Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and Lymphocyte Development

Chromosomal translocations are the hallmark genetic aberration in non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with specific translocations often selectively associated with specific NHL subtypes. Because many NHL-associated translocations involve cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development regulatory genes, we evaluated NHL risk associated with common genetic variation in 20 candidate genes in these pathways. Genotyping of 203 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) was conducted in 1,946 NHL cases and 1,808 controls pooled from 3 independent population-based case-control studies. We used logistic regression to compute odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NHL and four major NHL subtypes in relation to tag SNP genotypes and haplotypes. We observed the most striking associations for tag SNPs in the proapoptotic gene BCL2L11 (BIM) and BCL7A, which is involved in a rare NHL-associated translocation. Variants in BCL2L11 were strongly related to follicular lymphoma only, particularly rs3789068 (ORAG, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.10-1.81; ORGG, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.25-2.19; Ptrend = 0.0004). Variants in BCL7A were strongly related to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma only, particularly rs1880030 (ORAG, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.68; ORAA, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.22-2.08; Ptrend = 0.0004). The associations for both variants were similar in all three studies and supported by haplotype analyses. We also observed notable associations for variants in BCL6, CCND1, and MYC. Our results support the role of common genetic variation in cell cycle, apoptosis, and lymphocyte development regulatory genes in lymphomagenesis, and suggest that effects may vary by NHL subtype. Replication of our findings and further study to identify functional SNPs are warranted. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(4):1259–70)
Genomic Instability and Enhanced Radiosensitivity in Hsp70.1- and Hsp70.3-Deficient Mice

ABSTRACT Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved among all organisms from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In mice, the HSP genes Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.3 are induced by both endogenous and exogenous stressors, such as heat and toxicants. In order to determine whether such proteins specifically influence genomic instability, mice deficient for Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.3 (Hsp70.1/3−/− mice) were generated by gene targeting. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) prepared from Hsp70.1/3−/− mice did not synthesize Hsp70.1 or Hsp70.3 after heat-induced stress. While the Hsp70.1/3−/− mutant mice were fertile, their cells displayed genomic instability that was enhanced by heat treatment. Cells from Hsp70.1/3−/− mice also display a higher frequency of chromosome end-to-end associations than do control Hsp70.1/3+/+ cells. To determine whether observed genomic instability was related to defective chromosome repair, Hsp70.1/3−/− and Hsp70.1/3+/+ fibroblasts were treated with ionizing radiation (IR) alone or heat and IR. Exposure to IR led to more residual chromosome aberrations, radioresistant DNA synthesis (a hallmark of genomic instability), increased cell killing, and enhanced IR-induced oncogenic transformation in Hsp70.1/3−/− cells. Heat treatment prior to IR exposure enhanced cell killing, S-phase-specific chromosome damage, and the frequency of transformants in Hsp70.1/3−/− cells in comparison to Hsp70.1/3+/+ cells. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrate for the first time that Hsp70.1 and Hsp70.3 have an essential role in maintaining genomic stability under stress conditions.
Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers and Implication for Molecular Targeted Therapies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update in an Era of New Targeted Molecules Development

The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.
Accounting for Linear Transformations of EEG and MEG Data in Source Analysis

Analyses of electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG, MEG) data often involve a linear modification of signals at the sensor level. Examples include re-referencing of the EEG, computation of synthetic gradiometer in MEG, or the removal of artifactual independent components to clean EEG and MEG data. A question of practical relevance is, if such modifications must be accounted for by adapting the physical forward model (leadfield) before subsequent source analysis. Here, we show that two scenarios need to be differentiated. In the first scenario, which corresponds to re-referencing the EEG and synthetic gradiometer computation in MEG, the leadfield must be adapted before source analysis. In the second scenario, which corresponds to removing artifactual components to ‘clean’ the data, the leadfield must not be changed. We demonstrate and discuss the consequences of wrongly modifying the leadfield in the latter case for an example. Future EEG and MEG studies employing source analyses should carefully consider whether and, if so, how the leadfield must be modified as explicated here.
Game of Platforms: Strategic Expansion into Rival (Online) Territory

Online platforms, such as Google, Facebook, and Amazon, are constantly expanding their activities while increasing the overlap in their service offerings. This paper asks: Is expansion into rival platforms’ services profit-maximizing when users’ platform choices endogenously change with expansion? We model an expansion game between two online platforms, both incumbents in distinct service markets, that provide their services free of charge to users and earn ad-based revenues. Platforms decide whether or not to expand by adding the service already offered by their rival. Expansion is costly and impacts users’ platform choice—namely, their choice of single- vs. multihoming, which, in turn, affects platform prices and profits derived from the advertisers’ side of the market. We demonstrate that, in equilibrium, platforms may choose not to expand. Strategic “no expansion” decisions are due to the quantity and price effects of changes in the user partition resulting from expansion. We further analyze the effects of expansion-driven changes in interplatform compatibility, expansion costs, probability of users’ ad engagement, switching costs, and intraplatform service complementarity and quality on the optimal expansion strategy. We then incorporate these considerations to derive an optimal expansion rule that can be used to guide managerial decision-making regarding expansion into a rival’s “territory. ”
Patient evaluations of pharmacist performance with variations in attire and communication levels.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the attire of a pharmacist has any effect on how he is evaluated when a patient also considers the pharmacist's performance and to assess whether attire and performance interact to influence patients' evaluations. DESIGN Randomized, cross-sectional, three-factor design. SETTING Community pharmacy settings were portrayed. PARTICIPANTS 179 university staff members. INTERVENTIONS Videos of pharmacist-patient interactions were encoded and placed on a Web site to be viewed by participants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Service encounter satisfaction, perceptions of overall service quality, trust in the service provider, and behavioral intentions based on two levels of pharmacist communication performance (high or adequate), three levels of dress style (casual, business casual, formal), and two levels of white coat (wearing or not). RESULTS Of the three independent variables, only communication performance was found to significantly influence the dependent variables. High communication performance resulted in higher satisfaction scores, higher perceptions of quality, higher levels of trust, and behavioral intention scores that reflected a greater willingness to use and recommend the pharmacist. CONCLUSION Style of dress or whether the pharmacist was wearing a white coat did not significantly influence participants' evaluations of the pharmacist in this study. Rather, the level of the pharmacist's communication performance was the most important cue used by participants in their ratings of service encounter satisfaction, perceptions of overall service quality, and trust in the service provider.
Exploring A Nonlinear Collimation System for the LHC

We explore the adaptation of a nonlinear collimation system, as previously developed for linear colliders, to LHC betatron cleaning. A possible nonlinear system for LHC consists of a horizontal and vertical primary collimator located in between a pair of skew sextupoles. We discuss the modified LHC optics, the need for and optimum placement of secondary absorbers, and the simulated cleaning efficiency.
Ultra-High Sensitive Strain Sensor Based on Post-Processed Optical Fiber Bragg Grating

An ultra-high sensitive strain sensor is proposed. The sensing head, based on the post-processing of a fiber Bragg grating, is used to perform passive and active strain measurements. Both wavelength and full width half maximum dependences with the applied strain are studied for the passive sensor, where maximum sensitivities of 104.1 pm/µe and 61.6 pm/µe are respectively obtained. When combining the high performance of this sensor with a ring laser cavity configuration, the Bragg grating will act as a filter and high resolution measurements can be performed. With the proposed sensor, a resolution of 700 ne is achieved.