Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Probabilistic Analysis of Sparse Coded Feature Pooling and Its Application for Image Retrieval

Feature coding and pooling as a key component of image retrieval have been widely studied over the past several years. Recently sparse coding with max-pooling is regarded as the state-of-the-art for image classification. However there is no comprehensive study concerning the application of sparse coding for image retrieval. In this paper, we first analyze the effects of different sampling strategies for image retrieval, then we discuss feature pooling strategies on image retrieval performance with a probabilistic explanation in the context of sparse coding framework, and propose a modified sum pooling procedure which can improve the retrieval accuracy significantly. Further we apply sparse coding method to aggregate multiple types of features for large-scale image retrieval. Extensive experiments on commonly-used evaluation datasets demonstrate that our final compact image representation improves the retrieval accuracy significantly.
Crowd simulation rendering for web

Simulation and rendering of large crowds are very demanding tasks on computational resources and until recently were inconceivable to be performed by a web browser. However, with the increasing capacity of GPUs and the maturation of web front-end development, could a web-based simulation of massive crowds be achieved in real-time in today's web-browsers? In this work we present the implementation of a minimal visualization tool for crowd simulation results, with the ability of rendering thousands of animated agents in real-time using WebGL. We also briefly present some current challenges of accomplishing crowd simulations in a web environment.
Compact LNA and VCO 3-D MMICs using commercial GaAs PHEMT technology for V-band single-chip TRX MMIC

This paper presents compact V-band low-noise amplifier (LNA) and Ka-band voltage-control oscillator (VCO) 3-D MMICs for a V-band highly-integrated single-chip transceiver MMIC. 3-D MMICs are fabricated through the cooperation of commercial foundry GaAs pHEMT and 3-D interconnection processes. The LNA (chip size is 0.75 mm/sup 2/) achieves 15 dB gain and better than 3.3 dB noise figure from 50 GHz to 60 GHz. The VCO (chip size of 0.52 mm) achieves 11.5 dBm output power, 3.8 GHz oscillation frequency tuning range, and a phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset and 28.6 GHz output signal. The cooperation 3-D MMIC technology with a high-performance commercial foundry technology promises low-cost, compact, and high performance millimeter-wave MMICs.
Rational Inference of Beliefs and Desires From Emotional Expressions

Abstract We investigated people's ability to infer others’ mental states from their emotional reactions, manipulating whether agents wanted, expected, and caused an outcome. Participants recovered agents’ desires throughout. When the agent observed, but did not cause the outcome, participants’ ability to recover the agent's beliefs depended on the evidence they got (i.e., her reaction only to the actual outcome or to both the expected and actual outcomes; Experiments 1 and 2). When the agent caused the event, participants’ judgments also depended on the probability of the action (Experiments 3 and 4); when actions were improbable given the mental states, people failed to recover the agent's beliefs even when they saw her react to both the anticipated and actual outcomes. A Bayesian model captured human performance throughout (rs ≥ .95), consistent with the proposal that people rationally integrate information about others’ actions and emotional reactions to infer their unobservable mental states.
Potential antidepressant LY 367265 presynaptically inhibits the release of glutamate in rat cerebral cortex

Abnormality of glutamate, one of the excitatory neurotransmitters, has been implicated in psychiatric disorders such as depression. In this study, the effect of the potential antidepressant LY 367265, an inhibitor of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) transporter and 5‐HT2A receptor antagonist, on the release of endogenous glutamate was investigated in nerve terminals purified from rat cerebral cortex using an on‐line enzyme‐coupled fluorimetric assay. LY 367265 inhibited the release of glutamate evoked by 4‐aminopyridine (4AP) in a concentration‐dependent manner; no effect was seen on KCl‐evoked glutamate release. Examination of the effect of LY 367265 on cytosolic [Ca2+] revealed that the attenuation of glutamate release could be attributed to a reduction in Ca2+ influx. The inhibition of Ca2+ influx by LY 367265 was most likely due to it decreasing synaptosomal excitability because LY 367265 significantly reduced the 4AP‐evoked depolarization of the synaptosomal plasma membrane potential. Glutamate release induced by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin was not affected by LY 367265, indicating that LY 367265‐mediated inhibition of glutamate release is not a direct interference in the release process at some point subsequent to Ca2+ influx. Together, these results suggest that LY 367265 effects a decrease in the nerve terminal excitability, which subsequent attenuates the Ca2+ entry through voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels to cause a decrease in evoked glutamate release. Additionally, compared with the clinically effective antidepressant fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, LY 367265 seems to have a more potent inhibition on 4AP‐evoked glutamate release. Furthermore, the finding that LY 367265 and fluoxetine responses were additive suggests that the simultaneous blockade of 5‐HT2A receptors and 5‐HT uptake transporters might have greater therapeutic efficacy than either action alone. Synapse 55:156–163, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological management of children with short stature: the role of aromatase inhibitors.

OBJECTIVE To review the use of aromatase inhibitors, a novel treatment strategy for patients with short stature, which aims at delaying bone age advancement. Skeletal maturation is estrogen-dependent even in male children. SOURCES We performed a MEDLINE search of studies published in the last 10 years, including aromatase, short stature, and early puberty as keywords. The most informative articles on indications, dosages, treatment schedules, and side effects of aromatase inhibitors were included in the review. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS It has become increasingly clear that bone age advancement depends on the production of estrogen and its effect on the growth plate. In boys, testosterone is converted to estradiol by the cytochrome P450 enzyme aromatase. The use of aromatase inhibitors has been shown to be effective in prolonging the length of the growth phase in children with idiopathic short stature, constitutional growth delay, delayed puberty, as well as in children with growth hormone deficiency, in which bone age advancement jeopardizes the results of hormonal replacement therapy with growth hormones. As yet, significant adverse effects have not been reported, and results are encouraging in terms of effective increase in height, whenever the indication for the drug is appropriate. CONCLUSIONS Among the pharmacological treatments for short stature, aromatase inhibitors are indicated in cases in which bone age advancement may constitute an obstacle for reaching a final height that is in keeping with the family's target height.
Exponential relaxation of the Nosé–Hoover thermostat under Brownian heating

We study a stochastic perturbation of the Nosé-Hoover equation (called the NoséHoover equation under Brownian heating) and show that the dynamics converges at a geometric rate to the augmented Gibbs measure in a weighted total variation distance. The joint marginal distribution of the position and momentum of the particles in turn converges exponentially fast in a similar sense to the canonical Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution. The result applies to a general number of particles interacting through a wide class of potential functions, including the usual polynomial type as well as the singular Lennard-Jones variety.
Proto-Object Based Rate Control for JPEG2000: An Approach to Content-Based Scalability

The JPEG2000 system provides scalability with respect to quality, resolution and color component in the transfer of images. However, scalability with respect to semantic content is still lacking. We propose a biologically plausible salient region based bit allocation mechanism within the JPEG2000 codec for the purpose of augmenting scalability with respect to semantic content. First, an input image is segmented into several salient proto-objects (a region that possibly contains a semantically meaningful physical object) and background regions (a region that contains no object of interest) by modeling visual focus of attention on salient proto-objects. Then, a novel rate control scheme distributes a target bit rate to each individual region according to its saliency, and constructs quality layers of proto-objects for the purpose of more precise truncation comparable to original quality layers in the standard. Empirical results show that the suggested approach adds to the JPEG2000 system scalability with respect to content as well as the functionality of selectively encoding, decoding, and manipulation of each individual proto-object in the image, with only some slightly trivial modifications to the JPEG2000 standard. Furthermore, the proposed rate control approach efficiently reduces the computational complexity and memory usage, as well as maintains the high quality of the image to a level comparable to the conventional post-compression rate distortion (PCRD) optimum truncation algorithm for JPEG2000.
Smart Motion Detection Surveillance System

Motion detection surveillance technology came about as a relief for the generally time-consuming reviewing process that a normal video surveillance system offers. It has gained a lot of interests over the past few years. In this paper, we propose a motion detection surveillance system, consisting of its Graphic User Interface (GUI) and its method for motion detection, through the study and evaluation of currently available products and methods. The proposed system is efficient and convenient for both office and home uses.
Deletion of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates Cardiac Hypertrophy via Down-Regulation of Cardiac Fibroblasts–Derived Fibroblast Growth Factor-2

Objective:Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (Ephx2) has been shown to play a protective role in cardiac hypertrophy, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We tested the hypothesis that deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via down-regulation of cardiac fibroblasts–derived fibroblast growth factor-2. Design:Prospective, controlled, and randomized animal study. Setting:University laboratory. Subjects:Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Ephx2 (–/–) mice. Interventions:Male wild-type or Ephx2 (–/–) mice were subjected to transverse aorta constriction surgery. Measurements and Main Results:Four weeks after transverse aorta constriction, Ephx2 (–/–) mice did not develop significant cardiac hypertrophy as that of wild-type mice, indicated by no changes in the ratio of heart weight/body weight and ventricular wall thickness after transverse aorta constriction. Cardiac fibroblast growth factor-2 increased in wild-type-transverse aorta constriction group but this did not change in Ephx2 (–/–)-transverse aorta constriction group, and the serum level of fibroblast growth factor-2 did not change in both groups. In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts were stimulated by angiotensin II to analyze the expression of fibroblast growth factor-2. The effect of increased fibroblast growth factor-2 from cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II was attenuated by soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion. ERK1/2, p38, and AKT kinase were involved in fibroblast growth factor-2 expression regulated by angiotensin II, and soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion lowered the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 not p38 or AKT to mediate fibroblast growth factor-2 expression. In addition, soluble epoxide hydrolase deletion did not attenuate cardiomyocytes hypertrophy induced by exogenous fibroblast growth factor-2. Conclusions:Our present data demonstrated that deletion of soluble epoxide hydrolase prevented cardiac hypertrophy not only directly to cardiomyocytes but also to cardiac fibroblasts by reducing expression of fibroblast growth factor-2.
Uniform Object Generation for Optimizing One-class Classifiers

In one-class classification, one class of data, called the target class, has to be distinguished from the rest of the feature space. It is assumed that only examples of the target class are available. This classifier has to be constructed such that objects not originating from the target set, by definition outlier objects, are not classified as target objects. In previous research the support vector data description (SVDD) is proposed to solve the problem of one-class classification. It models a hypersphere around the target set, and by the introduction of kernel functions, more flexible descriptions are obtained. In the original optimization of the SVDD, two parameters have to be given beforehand by the user. To automatically optimize the values for these parameters, the error on both the target and outlier data has to be estimated. Because no outlier examples are available, we propose a method for generating artificial outliers, uniformly distributed in a hypersphere. An (relative) efficient estimate for the volume covered by the one-class classifiers is obtained, and so an estimate for the outlier error. Results are shown for artificial data and for real world data.
Research of Power Optimizing Technique for Solar Photovoltaic System

Under the conditions of partial shadow, there will be multi-peak phenomenon in the characteristic curve of photovoltaic array, which will greatly influence the control and tracking of the maximum power. A Simscape simulation model of a photovoltaic array is described in the article. It is used for the research of the electrical and optical characteristic curve under the conditions of the partial shadow. Uniform shadow and gradient shadow are simulated to analyze the maximum output power of local, global and distributed peak-value tracking algorithms. The result of simulation demonstrates that the power output can be greatly increased by the distributed peak-value tracking algorithms when the contrast of the shadow is relatively big.
Capacity Planning Frameworks for Electric Vehicle Charging Stations With Multiclass Customers

In order to foster electric vehicle (EV) adoption, there is a strong need for designing and developing charging stations that can accommodate different customer classes distinguished by their charging preferences, needs, and technologies. By growing such charging station networks, the power grid becomes more congested and, therefore, controlling charging requests should be carefully aligned with the available resources. This paper focuses on an EV charging network equipped with different charging technologies and proposes two frameworks. In the first framework, appropriate for large networks, the EV population is expected to constitute a sizable portion of the light duty fleets. This necessitates controlling the EV charging operations to prevent potential grid failures and distribute the resources efficiently. This framework leverages pricing dynamics in order to control the EV customer request rates and to provide a charging service with the best level of quality of service (QoS). The second framework, on the other hand, is more appropriate for smaller networks, in which the objective is to compute the minimum amount of resources required to provide certain levels of QoS to each class. The results show that the proposed frameworks ensure grid reliability and lead to significant savings in capacity planning.
Title Stata.com Meoprobit — Multilevel Mixed-effects Ordered Probit Regression Remarks and Examples

Syntax Menu Description Options Remarks and examples Stored results Methods and formulas References Also see Syntax meoprobit depvar fe equation || re equation || re equation. , options where the syntax of fe equation is indepvars if in , fe options and the syntax of re equation is one of the following: for random coefficients and intercepts levelvar: varlist , re options for random effects among the values of a factor variable levelvar: R.varname levelvar is a variable identifying the group structure for the random effects at that level or is all representing one group comprising all observations. fe options Description Model offset(varname) include varname in model with coefficient constrained to 1 re options Description Model covariance(vartype) variance–covariance structure of the random effects noconstant suppress constant term from the random-effects equation 1 2 meoprobit — Multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit regression options Description Model constraints(constraints) apply specified linear constraints collinear keep collinear variables SE/Robust vce(vcetype) vcetype may be oim, robust, or cluster clustvar Reporting level(#) set confidence level; default is level(95) nocnsreport do not display constraints notable suppress coefficient table noheader suppress output header nogroup suppress table summarizing groups nolrtest do not perform likelihood-ratio test comparing with ordered probit regression display options control column formats, row spacing, line width, display of omitted variables and base and empty cells, and factor-variable labeling Integration intmethod(intmethod) integration method intpoints(#) set the number of integration (quadrature) points for all levels; default is intpoints(7) Maximization maximize options control the maximization process; seldom used startvalues(svmethod) method for obtaining starting values startgrid (gridspec) perform a grid search to improve starting values noestimate do not fit the model; show starting values instead dnumerical use numerical derivative techniques coeflegend display legend instead of statistics vartype Description independent one unique variance parameter per random effect, all covariances 0; the default unless the R. notation is used exchangeable equal variances for random effects, and one common pairwise covariance identity equal variances for random effects, all covariances 0; the default if the R. notation is used unstructured all variances and covariances to be distinctly estimated fixed(matname) user-selected variances and covariances constrained to specified values; the remaining variances and covariances unrestricted pattern(matname) user-selected variances and covariances constrained to be equal; the remaining variances and covariances unrestricted meoprobit — Multilevel mixed-effects ordered probit regression 3 intmethod Description mvaghermite mean-variance adaptive Gauss–Hermite quadrature; the default unless a crossed random-effects model is fit mcaghermite mode-curvature adaptive …
Utilization of Laparoscopy in Colorectal Surgery for Cancer at Academic Medical Centers: Does Site of Surgery Affect Rate of Laparoscopy?

Use of laparoscopy in colorectal cancer surgery is still limited. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of use of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer at academic medical centers and to evaluate if the site of surgery influences the rate of use. Clinical data of patients who underwent laparoscopic or open colon and rectal resections for cancer from 2007 to 2009 were obtained from the University HealthSystem Consortium database. Data concerning rate of laparoscopy, length of stay, morbidity, and risk-adjusted mortality were obtained. During the 36-month study period, 22,780 operations were performed. The overall rate for use of laparoscopy was 14.8 per cent. Laparoscopy was most often used for total colectomy (22.6%), sigmoid colectomy (17.3%), cecectomy (17.1%), and right hemicolectomy (17.0%). Laparoscopy was most infrequently used for abdominoperineal resection (8.0%), transverse colectomy (10.0%), and left hemicolectomy (13.1%). Length of stay for laparoscopic colon and rectal procedures was 3.2 days shorter than for open surgery. Although the benefits of laparoscopic colorectal surgery for cancer have been demonstrated, the use of laparoscopy for colorectal resection remains under 20 per cent for colon cancer and under 10 per cent for rectal cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the factors limiting the use of laparoscopy in colorectal surgery.
Pre- and postoperative treatment modalities for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND The objective of this article was to review randomized clinical trials (RCTs) utilizing pre- and postoperative treatment modalities for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized (MEDLINE) and manual search was performed to identify articles published on this topic between 1984 and 2012. RESULTS We identified a total of 49 published RCTs, which included a total of 8,785 patients with ESCC. Treatment modalities consisted of pre- (n=38) and postoperative (n=11) chemo-, radio- and chemoradiotherapy. While both preoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy apparently improve R0 resection, they often result in substantial postoperative morbidity and mortality. Only for preoperative chemoradiotherapy does there seem to be a significant benefit in overall survival. CONCLUSION R0 resection remains the only curative therapy for patients with ESCC. While preoperative chemoradiotherapy may improve overall survival, there is still the need for well-designed RCTs, which should include a homogeneous patient collective, to clarify the question of definitive benefit.
A 50-70 GHz SIW-Based Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna with Low Cross Polarization

In this paper, a 50-70 GHz substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA) is proposed. An SIW-to-tapered-slot transition consists of a metallic plate of a rectangular trapezoid shape and two plated vias is used to reduce the cross-polarization level. The antenna shows a gain of 15.8±0.5 dB with return loss better than 18 dB. Over the entire band of interest, the antenna exhibits symmetric radiation pattern with cross-polarization and side lobe level (SLL) of -22 and -21 dB, respectively. The overall antenna efficiency is 94%. The design approach is validated by comparing CST MWS and Ansys HFSS simulation results which clearly exhibits good agreement.
Alocação de Ambientes Virtuais com base na Afinidade entre Perfis de Aplicações Massivamente Paralelas e Distribuídas

Este artigo apresenta um algoritmo de escalonamento de maquinas virtuais que executam aplicacoes de Computacao Massivamente Paralela e Distribuida (CMPD), com uso intensivo de CPU, memoria e I/O. O metodo de escalonamento tem por finalidade tratar a alocacao das maquinas virtuais em ambientes de nuvens computacionais com base no conceito de “Afinidade” entre aplicacoes. Para a implementacao do metodo, foi realizado o monitoramento do consumo de recursos das maquinas virtuais para obter dados historicos de execucao que permitem determinar os perfis das aplicacoes. Como resultado, foi criado um escalonador para alocar maquinas virtuais, cujos objetivos sao evitar combinacoes de aplicacoes que causem degradacao do desempenho entre si e melhorar a taxa de utilizacao dos recursos computacionais.