Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combination Radioimmunotherapy and Chemoimmunotherapy Involving Different or the Same Targets Improves Therapy of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Xenograft Models

Chemoimmunotherapy with antibody–drug conjugates (ADC) is emerging as a promising therapy for solid tumors, whereas radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) of solid tumors has been relatively ineffective because of their resistance to radiation. We developed antibody–SN-38 conjugates that have significant antitumor activity in xenograft models at nontoxic doses. The goal of this study was to determine if an ADC could be combined with RAIT to enhance efficacy without a commensurate increase in host toxicity. Nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts (Capan-1 and BxPC-3) were treated with a single dose of 90Y-labeled antimucin antibody (hPAM4; clivatuzumab tetraxetan) alone or in combination with an anti-Trop-2–SN-38 conjugate, typically administered twice weekly over 4 weeks. The combination, even at RAIT's maximum tolerated dose, controlled tumor progression and cured established xenografts significantly better than the individual treatments without appreciable toxicity. The ADC could be started 1 week after or up to 2 weeks before RAIT with similar enhanced responses, but delaying RAIT for 2 weeks after the ADC was less effective. A nonspecific ADC provided additional benefit over using free drug (irinotecan), but the response was enhanced with the specific ADC. When targeting Capan-1 with ample mucin, hPAM4 could be used as the RAIT and the ADC agent without losing effectiveness, but in BxPC-3 with less mucin, targeting of different antigens was preferred. These studies show the feasibility of combining ADC and RAIT for improved efficacy without increased toxicity. Mol Cancer Ther; 10(6); 1072–81. ©2011 AACR.
Early-Cenomanian terrestrial facies and paleoclimate records of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, southwestern Mississippi

Sphaerosiderite oxygen isotope values from the Early Cenomanian Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, or LTF, extend a mid-Cretaceous meteoric 18O latitudinal gradient 9° south to 25° N paleolatitude, and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrologic cycle in North America during a “greenhouse" period in Earth history. Sphaerosiderites have been used to reconstruct paleolatitudinal trends in meteoric 18O values throughout western North America, and the 18O values have been used in a stable isotope mass balance model to produce quantitative estimates of mid-Cretaceous precipitation rates and latent heat flux values. The LTF meteoric 18O values help constrain the critical subtropical values on the coastal plain bordering Tethys and the southeastern coast of the Western Interior Seaway. The LTF, an important subsurface petroleum unit (2800-4000 m depths) in southern Mississippi, contains amalgamated pedogenicallymodified, sphaerosiderite-bearing mudstones and sandstones. Cored intervals of the Early-Cenomanian Stringer Sandstone Member of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation (LTF) of Southwestern Misississippi are characterized by 6 lithofacies units. The descriptive lithofacies units include: (1) thickly-bedded sandstones; (2) thinly bedded sandstones; (3) carbonaceous mudstones and siltstones; (4) red-mottled mudstones; (5) purple and yellow mottled mudstones; and (6) flaser and lenticular bedded carbonaceous muddy sandstones. The sphaerosiderites are most commonly observed in gleyed domains of the red-mottled mudstones. These mudstones were clays, and silty clay loam soils, and are characterized by prominent red mottles in a gleyed matrix with an abundance of translocated clays, pedogenic slickensides, carbonaceous debris, and root traces. The sphaerosiderites yield 18O vs. 18C values, meteoric sphaerosiderite lines (MSLs), that may be used as a proxy for paleoprecipitation 18O values. TheMSL (18O) values range from -3.31 to -5.22 (VPDB). Estimated meteoric water values for the LTF have an average value of -4.69 VSMOW.
Joint audio-video object tracking

This paper presents an object localization and tracking algorithm integrating audio and video-based object localization results. A face tracking algorithm and a microphone array are used to compute two single-modality speaker position estimates. These position estimates are then combined into a global position estimate using a decentralized Kalman filter. Experiments with a model railway show that such an approach yields more robust results for audio-visual object tracking than either modality by itself.
Effects of number of diffusion gradient directions on derived diffusion tensor imaging indices in human brain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of a number of diffusion-encoding gradient directions (NDGD) on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices have been studied previously with theoretic analysis and numeric simulations. In this study, we made in vivo measurements in the human brain to compare different clinical scan protocols and to evaluate their effects on the calculated DTI indices. METHODS Fifteen healthy volunteers were scanned with a 1.5T MR scanner. Single-shot DTI images were acquired using 3 protocols different in NDGD and number of excitations (NEX) for each direction (NDGD/NEX = 6/10, 21/3, 31/2). Means and standard error of mean (SEM) were calculated and compared in 6 regions of interest (ROIs) for mean diffusivity (D), fractional anisotropy (FA), diffusion tensor eigenvalues (lambda(1), lambda(2), and lambda(3)), and correlation coefficients (r) of these indices among the 3 DTI protocols. RESULTS At the ROI level, no significant differences were found for the mean and SEM of D and FA among protocols (P > .05). The 6-NDGD protocol, however, yielded higher values for lambda(1) and lambda(2) and lower values for lambda(3) in most ROIs (P < .05) compared with the other protocols. At the voxel level, the correlation between the protocols r(21-31) were higher than r(6-21) and r(6-31) in most ROIs. The correlation of FA among 3 protocols also increased with increasing anisotropy. CONCLUSION For ROI analyses, different NDGDs lead to similar values of FA and D but different eigenvalues. However, different NDGDs at the voxel level provide varying values. The selection of the NDGD, therefore, should depend on the focus of different DTI applications.
eSeeTrack&#8212;Visualizing Sequential Fixation Patterns

We introduce eSeeTrack, an eye-tracking visualization prototype that facilitates exploration and comparison of sequential gaze orderings in a static or a dynamic scene. It extends current eye-tracking data visualizations by extracting patterns of sequential gaze orderings, displaying these patterns in a way that does not depend on the number of fixations on a scene, and enabling users to compare patterns from two or more sets of eye-gaze data. Extracting such patterns was very difficult with previous visualization techniques. eSeeTrack combines a timeline and a tree-structured visual representation to embody three aspects of eye-tracking data that users are interested in: duration, frequency and orderings of fixations. We demonstrate the usefulness of eSeeTrack via two case studies on surgical simulation and retail store chain data. We found that eSeeTrack allows ordering of fixations to be rapidly queried, explored and compared. Furthermore, our tool provides an effective and efficient mechanism to determine pattern outliers. This approach can be effective for behavior analysis in a variety of domains that are described at the end of this paper.
Evolution of the medical audit.

The first effective demand for the systematic review and scientific evaluation of medical care that is now termed "medical audit" originated soon after 1910. Surgery had gained great popular favor in the years just past when the dramatic relief of suffering and disability and the prolongation of life that were offered by surgery at its best had overcome much of the former dread of the hospital and surgeon. Although the need for welltrained surgeons far exceeded the available supply at that time, there was a surplus of poorly trained surgeons. The medical literature of the day, particularly Flexner's famous survey of medical education, gives us the picture of a greatly overcrowded profession made up in large part of poorly educated doctors. In the period between 1900 and 1909, some 165 medical schools had been turning out 5,200 doctors annually, a majority of whom had not even a high school education
Security for Ambient Assisted Living: Multi-factor Authentication in the Internet of Things

This paper describes mechanisms for achieving strong, multi-factor authentication in Ambient Assisted Living environments. These mechanisms rely on biometric-based technologies to provide information security and privacy in the Internet of Things. The importance of user choice and ease of use of authentication methods in achieving universal access to services in assistive environments is described. Cryptographic algorithm and protocol solutions that depend on a Public Key Infrastructure for the protection of sensitive information are discussed. Lighter weight alternatives are then proposed that use authenticated key exchange to combat phishing and other attacks and provide mutual authentication and data confidentiality.
Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Transgenic Animal Models Provide Novel Insights Into Disease Pathobiology

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 107970) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous heart muscle disorder associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, particularly in young persons and athletes.1–3 The pathological hallmark of ARVC consists of progressive (either diffuse or segmental) loss of cardiac myocytes that are replaced by fibrofatty tissue, leading to electric instability with or without impaired mechanical function.4–6 Right ventricular (RV) aneurysms in the so-called “triangle of dysplasia” are considered a pathognomic feature of the disease. With an estimated prevalence of the disease of ≈1:2500 to 1:5000, ARVC can be listed among the rare cardiovascular disorders.6 The first comprehensive clinical description of ARVC was reported in 1982 by Marcus et al7 in adults with ventricular tachyarrhythmias of left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology. In 1994, an international task force provided standardized criteria to establish the diagnosis of ARVC,8 and these diagnostic criteria have been updated recently to increase sensitivity but with the important requisite of maintaining specificity.9 Onset of clinical symptoms and signs usually occurs in adolescence or young adulthood10 and often is triggered by effort.11 Main clinical features of the disease comprise arrhythmias of RV origin that are commonly associated with syncope or sudden cardiac death, thus underscoring the crucial role of risk stratification to identify patients who require an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.12 In 1988, a familial background consistent with an autosomal-dominant trait was described in ≈50% of patients with ARVC.13 To date, human genetics studies have identified 12 independent loci and 8 disease genes for this disorder inherited mostly as autosomal-dominant traits with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.2,3 Five of the 8 causative genes encode major components of the cardiac desmosomes, namely plakoglobin …
Membranes of sorting organelles display lateral heterogeneity in receptor distribution

This study describes the distribution of an intrinsic membrane protein, the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) in the trans-Golgi reticulum and compartment of uncoupling receptor and ligand (CURL) of rat liver cells. Using quantitative immunogold electron microscopy and membrane length measurements, we showed lateral nonhomogeneity of receptors in the membranes of trans-Golgi reticulum and CURL, in particular in the membranes of secretory vesicles (identified by their content of albumin and very low density lipoprotein particles) and of CURL vesicles (endosomes), including multivesicular bodies. The characteristic tubulovesicular morphology of both sorting organelles defines the transition of receptor-rich tubular membrane and the receptor-poor limiting membrane of the attached vesicles. There was a direct relationship between the size of the secretory and CURL vesicles and the density of ASGP-Rs in their membranes. Receptor density in the smallest vesicles was similar to that found in adjacent continuous tubules. The larger the vesicles, the less receptor was detectable in their membranes. We propose that the receptor molecules are excluded from the vesicle membranes by dynamic lateral redistribution. Nonrandom receptor distribution in the CURL vesicle membranes was present even at the multivesicular body stage. These observations strongly suggest the existence of barriers to ASGP-R diffusion at the junctions of tubules and vesicles. In addition, our observations suggest that ASGP-Rs are transported to the plasma membrane via a mechanism other than the normal secretory pathway.
Iterated square root unscented Kalman filter and its application in deep sea vehicle navigation

It is of vital importance to develop a high accuracy and fast convergence algorithm in deep sea navigation system, since location is essential for the sake of scientific survey and safety in very hazard environment. Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is the type of filter, which is designed in order to overrun this problem. However, in case of state estimation of the Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV) via the sensor data obtained from a Long Baseline (LBL) acoustic positioning system, a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL), a depth sensor and a motion sensor, where the nonlinearity degree of dynamic model is high and the operating environment is complex, UKF may give inaccurate results. In this study an iterated square root Unscented Kalman Filter (ISRUKF) is presented. An iterated measurement update procedure is included to increase the approximation accuracy of nonlinear state estimates, and a square root version of UKF is conducive to guarantee numerical stability of the algorithm. Compared with the UKF and square root Unscented Kalman Filter (SRUKF), used in deep-sea vehicle navigation system, the ISRUKF algorithm has potential advantages in convergence speed and location accuracy. Extensive experiment researches have been conducted by using the data obtained from previous sea trial to demonstrate its superiority.
TopX & XXL at INEX 2005

We participated with two dierent and independent search engines in this year's INEX round: The XXL Search Engine and the TopX engine. As this is the first participation for TopX, this paper focuses on the design principles, scoring, query evaluation and results of TopX. We shortly discuss the results with XXL afterwards. 1 TopX - System overview Our query processing methods are based on precomputed index lists that are sorted in descending order of appropriately defined scores for individual tag- term content conditions, and our algorithmic rationale for top-k queries follows that of the family of threshold algorithms (TA) (2,4,5). In order to find the top-k matches for multidimensional queries (e.g., with multiple content and structure conditions), scoring, and ranking them, TopX scans all relevant index lists in an interleaved manner. In each scan step, when the engine sees the score for a data item in one list, it combines this score with scores for the same data item previously seen in other index lists into a global score using a monotonic aggre- gation function such as weighted summation. We perform in-memory structural joins for content-and-structure (CAS) queries using pre-/postorder labels be- tween whole element blocks for each query condition grouped by their document ids.
The Cockayne syndrome B protein, involved in transcription‐coupled DNA repair, resides in an RNA polymerase II‐containing complex

Transcription‐coupled repair (TCR), a subpathway of nucleotide excision repair (NER) defective in Cockayne syndrome A and B (CSA and CSB), is responsible for the preferential removal of DNA lesions from the transcribed strand of active genes, permitting rapid resumption of blocked transcription. Here we demonstrate by microinjection of antibodies against CSB and CSA gene products into living primary fibroblasts, that both proteins are required for TCR and for recovery of RNA synthesis after UV damage in vivo but not for basal transcription itself. Furthermore, immunodepletion showed that CSB is not required for in vitro NER or transcription. Its central role in TCR suggests that CSB interacts with other repair and transcription proteins. Gel filtration of repair‐ and transcription‐competent whole cell extracts provided evidence that CSB and CSA are part of large complexes of different sizes. Unexpectedly, there was no detectable association of CSB with several candidate NER and transcription proteins. However, a minor but significant portion (10–15%) of RNA polymerase II was found to be tightly associated with CSB. We conclude that within cell‐free extracts, CSB is not stably associated with the majority of core NER or transcription components, but is part of a distinct complex involving RNA polymerase II. These findings suggest that CSB is implicated in, but not essential for, transcription, and support the idea that Cockayne syndrome is due to a combined repair and transcription deficiency.
An assessment of the contamination of Achatina achatina by toxic metals in Okpara village (Benin)

The assessment of the contamination by toxic metals (Pb, Al, Cd, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mn) has been achieved in samples of the giant snails (Achatina achatina ) in the Okpara village (North of Benin). This work has been performed for, lately a survey revealed a strong contamination by toxic metals in sediments, water and fish in the Okpara River which waters this village. Otherwise, it is in this environment watered by the Okpara River, that snails are picked and consumed. The appropriated samples underwent the necessary treatment by mineralization before the analysis by electrochemical atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Varian A300 with Zeeman correction), in the Laboratory of Toxicology and Applied Hygiene/UFR of the Pharmaceutical Sciences (Bordeaux-France). The results of the analysis revealed a high bioaccumulation of heavy metals in all the samples and the concentrations exceed the recommended limits for human consumption. Only the level of chromium respects the recommended limits. This study permitted us to confirm as it has already proved by several authors, that the snail is a toxic metal bioaccumulator and can be considered therefore like a bioindicator of pollution, whose consumption will be a risk for health. Keywords: Environment pollution, snail quality, bioaccumulation, consumption risk.
PIPE+ - A Modeling Tool for High Level Petri Nets

Petri nets are a formal, graphical and executable modeling technique for the specification and analys i of concurrent systems and have been widely applied in computer science and many other engineering disciplines. Low level Petri nets are simple and useful for modeling control flo ws; however, they are not powerful to define data and system fun ctionality. High level Petri nets were developed to support dat and functionality definitions [1]. To support the practical applications of Petri nets formalism, tools for designing and ex ecuting Petri nets are necessary. Although there are many existin g tools for supporting low level Petri nets [5], few tools are available for high level Petri nets. There is especially a lack of too ls to support high level Petri net notation proposed in the international standard [1]. In this paper, we present a tool, called PIPE+ , to support a subset of high level Petri nets proposed in [1]. PIE+ is built upon an existing low level Petri net tool PIPE (Pla tform Independent Petri Net Editor) [2]. This paper descr ibes the functionality of PIPE+ as well as illustrates the process of extending PIPE, which provides helpful insights for others to create Petri net tools suit their own needs. Furth ermore, PIPE+ is an open source tool and thus is available for va rious enhancements from worldwide research community.
White-space models for offline Arabic handwriting recognition

We propose to explicitly model white-spaces for Arabic handwriting recognition within different writing variants. Position-dependent character shapes in Arabic handwriting allow for large white-spaces between characters even within words. Here, a separate character model for white-spaces in combination with a lexicon using different writing variants and character model length adaptation is proposed. Current handwriting recognition systems model the white-spaces implicitly within the character models leading to possibly degraded models, or try to explicitly segment the Arabic words into pieces of Arabic words being prone to segmentation errors. Several white-space modeling approaches are analyzed on the well known IFN/ENIT database and outperform the best reported error rates.
Efficient Processing of XML Twig Queries with All Predicates

Finding all the occurrences of a twig pattern in an XML database is a core operation for efficient evaluation of XML queries. Some researches have proposed part solutions to process XML twig queries with AND,OR, or NOT predicates. However, very Little work has handled a twig query with three predicates comprehensively. In this paper, we propose a novel path-partitioned encoding scheme, and present a powerful XPattern extended from tree pattern with logic predicates. We also develop a holistic twig join algorithm, called MPTwig, which is designed for efficient matching an XML twig pattern with compound and nested predicates. We show that MPTwig based on path-partitioned encoding scheme guarantee the I/O and CPU optimality. Finally, experimental results on a representative data set indicate that the proposed algorithm performs significantly.
Cross-paradigm analysis of autonomous agent architecture

Autonomous agent architectures are design methodologies—collections of knowledge and strategies which are applied to the problem of creating situated intelligence. This article attempts to integrate this knowledge across several architectural traditions, paying particular attention to features which have tended to be selected under the pressure of extensive use in real-world systems. We determine that the following strategies provide significant assistance in the design of autonomous intelligent agents: (i) modularity, which simplifies both design and control; (ii) hierarchically organized action selection, which focusses attention and provides prioritization when different modules conflict; and (iii) parallel environment monitoring which allows a system to be responsive and opportunistic by allowing attention to shift and priorities to be re-evaluated. We offer a review of four architectural paradigms: behaviour-based AI; two- and three-layered systems; belief, desire and intention architectures (particularly PRS); and Soar/ACT-R. By documenting trends within each of these communities towards establishing the components above, we argue that this convergent evolution is strong evidence for the components' utility. We then use this information to recommend specific strategies for researchers working under each paradigm to further exploit the knowledge and experience of the field as a whole.