Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Essays in bank capital structure

This thesis provides an in-depth discussion on banks’ capital structure which has drawn very little attention from the literature. It consists of three major empirical essays. The first essay (Chapter III) reviews the major conclusions drawn from the traditional corporate finance literature that has at length examined the capital structures of non-financial firms, while compares their findings with the limited work on the leverage decisions of banking firms. It aims to provide an insight into the factors that actually govern banks’ capital choices, cast doubt on whether capital requirements are binding and primarily decide the bank leverage, and introduce the core assumption of this thesis – information asymmetry as an important determinant of capital structure decisions. The second essay (Chapter IV) empirically investigates the effects of information asymmetry on capital structure adjustments of US bank holding companies (BHCs) during 1986 to 2015. By identifying BHCs with bankrupt subsidiaries and arguing that their managers possess better knowledge than market investors concerning the failure of their subsidiaries, this chapter disentangles the real effect of private information on the capital structures of holding banks. The results show that subsidiary failure significantly affects financial policies of the parent companies. Specifically, BHCs increase leverage as early as one year prior to the failure of their subsidiaries, and substantially lower leverage after subsidiary failure. Further tests document that the parent BHCs increase not only debt borrowing but also liquidity assets, and curtail lending in advance to avoid further liquidity and financial constraint problems after their subsidiary failure. Examinations on the dynamic patterns of these BHCs’ performance around the subsidiary failure time confirm a smoother performance transition. The third essay (Chapter V) adds to the evidence in Chapter IV and discusses the information asymmetry effect by identifying a different treatment group - BHCs with subsidiaries engaging in M&A activities. The findings lend further support to the core assumption in this thesis. The chapter also finds the indication that financial constraints of BHCs are on average mitigated following their subsidiaries receiving capital infusion following the M&A deals. Overall, this thesis has important implications for the public to understand various incentives that banks may have in making their capital structure decisions.
History of the Creation of Hungary’s Unified Public Employment Program and Its Main Characteristics

A previous system of community service in the public interest was replaced in 2011 in Hungary with a “public employment” system, in which the government temporarily employs disadvantaged, unemployed people who are healthy and able to work and who are within the age limits for working, but who, for whatever reason, have not had a stable workplace and have therefore relied on government subsidies, such as welfare without employment. Under the new program, these citizens have been gainfully employed by the government for a set period of time. The goal of public employment is to give a path for those workers who have been unemployed for a long time, and are disadvantaged in some way, to re-enter (or enter) the private job market. Workers are employed under favorable, “sheltered” conditions, however ones that begin to approach the conditions they can expect in the private market. All this helps the employed workers to improve their employability, as well as to maintain and improve their work skills. Today, the public employment system is not targeted primarily at those with severe disabilities. However, the regulations which establish this program do name members of this group as a target for the program, if they are currently undergoing rehabilitation.
Fostering Online Relationships With Brands Through Websites and Social Media Brand Pages

Abstract The current study explores how brands create and maintain online relationships with consumers through their Websites, Facebook and Instagram brand pages. Findings show that Websites perform better in the two strategies disclosure and information dissemination. Regarding the strategy interactivity and involvement, websites lack interactive features that allow firms to engage with consumers, such as commenting and sharing opportunity. Managerial implications of the study are also provided.
Magnetic droplet manipulation incorporated with acoustic excitation

This paper describes a new type of magnetic droplet microfluidic system incorporated with acoustic excitation for the enhancement of mixing performance. Internal flows inside an acoustically oscillating droplet are visualized using fluorescent particles (15 μm diameter). When a droplet is acoustically excited, it only strongly responds to the droplet's natural frequency. The oscillation amplitudes of acoustically oscillating droplets with different volumes (6 μl and 8 μl) in different frequencies are measured by high-speed images. Mixing performance is investigated using a methylene blue and glycerol (5 wt%) mixture droplet. The mixture droplet (6 μl) is completely mixed in 60 seconds with acoustic excitation; whereas, the mixture droplet remains unmixed in 60 seconds without the excitation. And the mixing efficiency is quantitatively evaluated through mixing indexes obtained by image analysis. The transportation of a magnetic droplet containing magnetic particles is separately demonstrated using a neodymium magnet. As proof of concept, the manipulation of magnetic droplets is experimentally achieved by incorporating magnetic forces for the transportation of droplets and acoustic excitation for the oscillation of droplets. This result shows the highly reliable manipulation of magnetic droplets with the high mixing performance.
A Gigabit/s Indoor Wireless Transmission Using MIMO-OFDM Visible-Light Communications

This letter reports an experimental demonstration of indoor wireless visible-light communication transmission at 1 Gb/s. The system consists of a four-channel multiple-input multiple-output link that uses white LED sources, each transmitting signals at 250 Mb/s using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. A nine-channel imaging diversity receiver is used to detect the signals, and an average bit error rate of 10-3 is achieved at the room illumination level of ~1000 lux at 1-m range.
N-Linked Glycosylation of the Hemagglutinin Protein Influences Virulence and Antigenicity of the 1918 Pandemic and Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Viruses

ABSTRACT The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is a major virulence determinant for the 1918 pandemic influenza virus; however, it encodes no known virulence-associated determinants. In comparison to seasonal influenza viruses of lesser virulence, the 1918 H1N1 virus has fewer glycosylation sequons on the HA globular head region. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that a 1918 HA recombinant virus, of high virulence, could be significantly attenuated in mice by adding two additional glycosylation sites (asparagine [Asn] 71 and Asn 286) on the side of the HA head. The 1918 HA recombinant virus was further attenuated by introducing two additional glycosylation sites on the top of the HA head at Asn 142 and Asn 172. In a reciprocal experimental approach, deletion of HA glycosylation sites (Asn 142 and Asn 177, but not Asn 71 and Asn 104) from a seasonal influenza H1N1 virus, A/Solomon Islands/2006 (SI/06), led to increased virulence in mice. The addition of glycosylation sites to 1918 HA and removal of glycosylation sites from SI/06 HA imposed constraints on the theoretical structure surrounding the glycan receptor binding sites, which in turn led to distinct glycan receptor binding properties. The modification of glycosylation sites for the 1918 and SI/06 viruses also caused changes in viral antigenicity based on cross-reactive hemagglutinin inhibition antibody titers with antisera from mice infected with wild-type or glycan mutant viruses. These results demonstrate that glycosylation patterns of the 1918 and seasonal H1N1 viruses directly contribute to differences in virulence and are partially responsible for their distinct antigenicity.
Volunteer Tourism as a Variety of Responsible Tourism

The volunteer movement according to the principles of the organization and their form is divided into two types: classical volunteer movement and tours within the framework of the volunteer movement. The article gives an assessment of their current state, the correlation and development prospects are revealed. Volunteer tourism is implementing a volunteer mission to support responsible tourism facilities.
Impact of Personal Demographic Profile on Organizational Climate by the Controlling Factor of Work Commitment

In any organization where there is a conducive environment or climate, employees excel work commitment have been existed. An organization free of red tapism and other hierarchical problems produces healthy competition among employees, which ultimately increases worker commitment in their job. Research studies show that there is a significant influence of the organizational climate on different psychosocial variables of the employer. Based on all these, the researchers of this study have been provoked to study the Organizational Climate as a Predictor of employee work commitment.
Biology of bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid topoisomerases.

INTRODUCTION . DNA SUPERCOILING AND TOPOISOMERASES . CONTROL OF TOPOISOMERASE GENE EXPRESSION . ROLE OF TOPOISOMERASES AND SUPERCOILING IN DNA REPLICATION. Elongation Phase of Replication . Initiation of Replication . Termination of Replication . Plasmid Replication In Vivo . ROLE OF TOPOISOMERASES AND SUPERCOILING IN GENE EXPRESSION. CELLULAR RESPONSES TO NALIDIXIC ACID. TOPOISOMERASES, RECOMBINATION, AND REPAIR . Generalized Recombination. Site-Specific Recombination. Gyrase-Mediated Illegitimate Recombination. DNA Repair. CONCLUDING REMARKS . ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . LITERATURE CITED. 273 274 276 277 277 279 279 280 280 281 282 282 282 283 284 285 285 285
Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models

Summary form only given as follows. In times of stress customers can help a utility by means of voluntary demand management programs if they are offered the right incentives. The incentives offered can be optimized if the utility can estimate the outage or substitution costs of its customers. This paper illustrates how existing utility data can be used to predict customer demand management behavior. More specifically, it shows how estimated customer cost functions can be calibrated to help in designing efficient demand management contracts.
Experimental Determination of Equivalent-Circuit Parameters of a Tubular Switched Reluctance Machine With Solid-Steel Magnetic Core

The model-based analysis of a switched reluctance machine, which has significant losses in the iron core, requires the machine to be represented by parameters that account for nonlinearities caused by both the magnetic saturation and the iron losses. This paper describes the methodology for determining the parameters of the equivalent electric circuit that includes the representation of iron losses. The parameters are derived from measurements performed under static conditions. The methodology is verified by comparing the dynamically measured results for the pull-out force against the results predicted by the model that is based on the equivalent circuit.
Divers éléments pour une synthèse d'images réalistes

La synthese d'images realistes a pour but d'obtenir une image informatique d'une scene virtuelle qui soit virtuellement indifferentiable d'une image photographique de la scene reelle equivalente. Ce processus, informatiquement lent et couteux, met en oeuvre des connaissances issues de domaines tres divers (algorithmique numerique, geometrie analytique, theorie du signal, photometrie, colorimetrie et meme biologie). Dans le present travail, nous redetaillons une par une, toutes les etapes necessaires a la creation d'images realistes (modelisation geometrique et optique, enrichissement geometrique et optique, illumination, visualisation). Pour chacune de ces etapes, nous nous proposons, d'une part de creer un cadre unificateur pour les methodes existantes, et d'autre part, de fournir de nouvelles techniques permettant, soit de faciliter la mise en oeuvre de cette etape, soit d'accelerer les calculs correspondants. Le but ultime vise etant d'obtenir une synthese d'images realistes plus simple et plus rapide
A Double-Blind Comparison of Epidural Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Caesarean Section

The effect of adding fentanyl 100 mcg to bupivacaine 0.5% plain to establish epidural anaesthesia for elective caesarean section was investigated in a randomised, double-blind study of sixty healthy women. The quality of intraoperative analgesia as assessed by both patients and anaesthetists was significantly improved with fentanyl. The onset and duration of sensory anaesthesia, degree and duration of motor block, and other characteristics of epidural anaesthesia were unaltered. No adverse maternal side-effects (except mild pruritis) were noted and neonatal outcome was unaffected. The pharmacokinetics of epidural fentanyl administration were investigated by plasma fentanyl assays from maternal and cord blood taken at delivery. Epidural bupivacaine-fentanyl combination is a valuable therapeutic approach to the conduct of epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section in healthy women and foetuses. Further neonatal evaluation of the premature or compromised foetus is suggested before the universal application of this technique.
Electromagnetic mixing formulas and applications

he overwhelming flavor of this book is an amezing simplicity. T Avoiding . recent rcsearch resulls on percolation as a critical phenomcnon, linear and nonlincar bianisotropic-in-biallisolropic composite niaterds, fractal aggregates, erfective wavcnumber approaches, etc., this book takes the reader on a simplc tour of the homogenization of particulate conrposile materials (PCMs) comprising (generally) linear, isotropic, diclcctric component materials. A few forays into deeper rcsults that the reader may discern in this book, however, ought to whet thcir appctitc for clcctroinagnetic research on complex media. A very large part of this book is just right for cithcr a junior-level physics course or a senior-Icvel materials science course on PCMs at US undergraduate institutions.
Essential role of PDK1 in regulating cell size and development in mice

PDK1 functions as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating PKB/Akt, S6K and RSK. To learn more about the roles of PDK1, we generated mice that either lack PDK1 or possess PDK1 hypomorphic alleles, expressing only ∼10% of the normal level of PDK1. PDK1−/− embryos die at embryonic day 9.5, displaying multiple abnormalities including lack of somites, forebrain and neural crest derived tissues; however, development of hind‐ and midbrain proceed relatively normally. In contrast, hypomorphic PDK1 mice are viable and fertile, and insulin injection induces the normal activation of PKB, S6K and RSK. Nevertheless, these mice are 40–50% smaller than control animals. The organ volumes from the PDK1 hypomorphic mice are reduced proportionately. We also establish that the volume of a number of PDK1‐deficient cells is reduced by 35–60%, and show that PDK1 deficiency does not affect cell number, nuclear size or proliferation. We provide genetic evidence that PDK1 is essential for mouse embryonic development, and regulates cell size independently of cell number or proliferation, as well as insulin's ability to activate PKB, S6K and RSK.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the dark-banded rockfish Sebastes inermis (Scorpaenidae, Scorpaeniformes)

Abstract The complete mitochondrial genome of the dark-banded rockfish Sebastes inermis was determined using next-generation sequencing, including Sanger sequencing. The full genome was 16,504 bp in length, including 2 rRNA, 22 tRNA and 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), as well as the control region. The genome was 27.8% A, 26.8% T, 17.1% G and 28.3% C, showing a slight AT bias (54.6%). All PCGs started with an ATG initial codon, except for COX1, which started with a GTG. The stop codon of all PCGs was a TAR, except for Cytb, which contained an incomplete termination codon, T. All tRNAs had the typical clover-leaf structure except tRNASer (AGY), which lacked the DHU arm. The complete mitogenome of S. inermis will aid the identification and genetic population studies on the genus Sebastes.
A Genome-Wide Association Study in American Indians Implicates DNER as a Susceptibility Locus for Type 2 Diabetes

Most genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in Europeans. The current study reports a GWAS for young-onset T2DM in American Indians. Participants were selected from a longitudinal study conducted in Pima Indians and included 278 cases with diabetes with onset before 25 years of age, 295 nondiabetic controls ≥45 years of age, and 267 siblings of cases or controls. Individuals were genotyped on a ∼1M single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array, resulting in 453,654 SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.05. SNPs were analyzed for association in cases and controls, and a family-based association test was conducted. Tag SNPs (n = 311) were selected for 499 SNPs associated with diabetes (P < 0.0005 in case-control analyses or P < 0.0003 in family-based analyses), and these SNPs were genotyped in up to 6,834 additional Pima Indians to assess replication. Rs1861612 in DNER was associated with T2DM (odds ratio = 1.29 per copy of the T allele; P = 6.6 × 10−8, which represents genome-wide significance accounting for the number of effectively independent SNPs analyzed). Transfection studies in murine pancreatic β-cells suggested that DNER regulates expression of notch signaling pathway genes. These studies implicate DNER as a susceptibility gene for T2DM in American Indians.
FinSentiA: Sentiment Analysis in English Financial Microblogs

FinSentiA: Sentiment Analysis in English Financial Microblogs The objective of this paper is to report on the building of a Sentiment Analysis (SA) system dedicated to financial microblogs in English. The purpose of our work is to build a financial classifier that predicts the sentiment of stock investors in microblog platforms such as StockTwits and Twitter. Our contribution shows that it is possible to conduct such tasks in order to provide fine grained SA of financial microblogs. We extracted financial entities with relevant contexts and assigned scores on a continuous scale by adopting a deep learning method for the classification.
Travel Information’s Search, Planning and Purchase of Travel Service: The Bulgarian Tourists Behaviour

The search and accumulation of information online for the travel purposes follows three different stages: pre-trip, during-trip, and post-trip. We study the online behavioural patterns before the trip (planning), responsible for the creation of reliable own expectations, obtain ideas and make selection of attractions and places to be visited; evaluation, comparison of alternatives, booking and payment or other transactions to service suppliers. The data are obtained through the standardised questionnaire from 212 tourists in Bulgaria. The research reveals the tourists’ attitudes and practices in respect to the Internet as a source of information and a means for booking and buying online tourist products/services. The obtained results contribute to more in-depth understanding of tourist’s behavioural patterns of tourist in Bulgaria, practical feedback for suppliers and stakeholders in tourism about the quality of the websites and metasearch engines functionalities.
Data management projects at Google

This session describes three data management projects at Google. BigTable is a highly scalable system for distributed storage and querying of structured data. Sawzall is a system for large-scale analysis of data sets that have a flat but regular structure. Finally, GoogleBase is a system for storing and searching structured data contributed by external parties.
Architectural design studio organization and creativity

This paper focuses on “creativity” within architectural design studios as a key element of architectural education by analysing the “structure and organization” of the architectural design studio. Design studio education is viewed as an organizational structure, and the role of the studio instructor in creating an organizational style in studio education is the subject of investigation in order to develop creative strategies in the design studio. These strategies incorporating tools, components and layers are referred to in this paper as “group organization; teamwork; design studio medium; roles of student-designer and studio instructor; communication; knowledge and information acquisition and transfer; representation tools; risk and motivation management”. Issues that are also important components of studio teaching, but which should be analysed as independent research areas, such as “design problem contents or task”, “individual creativity styles and design thinking processes”, and “design knowledge”, are not included in the scope of this study. The aforementioned components and layers that are underlined in this study are evaluated in terms of their creativity potential within design studio education. The aim of this paper is to create a general, descriptive reading through experience of and practices in design studio education, and to compare and evaluate within traditional perspectives rather than to put forward an alternative model. These exemplified applications and experiences are based on the author’s practices and observations in undergraduate design studio instruction. As a multifaceted studio organization concept and process, a hypothesis and related criteria evolved in the study provide a coherent framework for the exploration of creativity within the educational context of the architectural design studio. It is concluded that there is a need for greater understanding of the instructors’ role as an “educational / tutoring coach” and of their implicit studies in the studio regarding teaching and leading creativity. Broadly speaking, it could be seen to consist of the range of strategies outlined in the ‘creative studio environment’. This would help to address the weaknesses and to consolidate that which has been established in the practice of studio organization to activate creativity in the teaching of architecture.
Modeling of Capacitance Characteristics of Printed p-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors

We studied the capacitance characteristics of printed p-type organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) under various frequencies and dc bias conditions. The experimental results show that the device capacitance is largely influenced by parasitic capacitances, related to the large gate-active layer overlap areas required by the printing processes. We developed a nonquasi-static small-signal capacitance model that adopts a transmission line approach and considers the specific layout of the OTFTs, taking into account for the parasitic capacitances and, hence, is particularly well suited for printed devices. In addition, the model included parasitic impedance at the metal-organic semiconductor contacts, related to the nonohmic behavior of source-drain contacts. The model has been shown to nicely reproduce the experimental capacitance characteristics in all their features. It should be pointed out that the proposed model allows the reproducing of any device layout and could be implemented in device simulator to analyze small-signal dynamic characteristics.