Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical cooperative caching in mobile opportunistic social networks

A mobile opportunistic social network (MOSN) is a new type of delay tolerant network (DTN), in which the mobile users contact each other opportunistically. While cooperative caching in the Internet has been studied extensively, cooperative caching in MOSNs is a considerably different and challenging problem due to the probabilistic nature of contact among the mobile users in MOSNs. In order to reduce the total access delay, we let the mobile users cooperatively cache these data items in their limited buffer space. We balance between selfishness (caching the data items according to its own preference) and unselfishness (helping other nodes to cache). The friends with higher contact frequency may share similar interests, hence, caching the data items for friend users can lead to some benefit. In this paper, we present a hierarchical cooperative caching scheme, which divides the buffer space into three components: self, friends, and strangers. In the self component, mobile users cache the data items according to their preference. In the friends component, mobile users help their friends to cache some data items. In the strangers component, mobile users randomly cache the remaining data items. We formally analyze the access delay of the proposed scheme. The effectiveness of our approach is verified through extensive real world trace-driven simulations.
Efficient data partitioning model for heterogeneous graphs in the cloud

As the size and variety of information networks continue to grow in many scientific and engineering domains, we witness a growing demand for efficient processing of large heterogeneous graphs using a cluster of compute nodes in the Cloud. One open issue is how to effectively partition a large graph to process complex graph operations efficiently. In this paper, we present VB-Partitioner - a distributed data partitioning model and algorithms for efficient processing of graph operations over large-scale graphs in the Cloud. Our VB-Partitioner has three salient features. First, it introduces vertex blocks (VBs) and extended vertex blocks (EVBs) as the building blocks for semantic partitioning of large graphs. Second, VB-Partitioner utilizes vertex block grouping algorithms to place those vertex blocks that have high correlation in graph structure into the same partition. Third, VB-Partitioner employs a VB-partition guided query partitioning model to speed up the parallel processing of graph pattern queries by reducing the amount of inter-partition query processing. We conduct extensive experiments on several real-world graphs with millions of vertices and billions of edges. Our results show that VB-Partitioner significantly outperforms the popular random block-based data partitioner in terms of query latency and scalability over large-scale graphs.
PAIR Comparison between Two Within-Group Conditions of Resting-State fMRI Improves Classification Accuracy

Classification approaches have been increasingly applied to differentiate patients and normal controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data (RS-fMRI). Although most previous classification studies have reported promising accuracy within individual datasets, achieving high levels of accuracy with multiple datasets remains challenging for two main reasons: high dimensionality, and high variability across subjects. We used two independent RS-fMRI datasets (n = 31, 46, respectively) both with eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO) conditions. For each dataset, we first reduced the number of features to a small number of brain regions with paired t-tests, using the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as a metric. Second, we employed a new method for feature extraction, named the PAIR method, examining EC and EO as paired conditions rather than independent conditions. Specifically, for each dataset, we obtained EC minus EO (EC—EO) maps of ALFF from half of subjects (n = 15 for dataset-1, n = 23 for dataset-2) and obtained EO—EC maps from the other half (n = 16 for dataset-1, n = 23 for dataset-2). A support vector machine (SVM) method was used for classification of EC RS-fMRI mapping and EO mapping. The mean classification accuracy of the PAIR method was 91.40% for dataset-1, and 92.75% for dataset-2 in the conventional frequency band of 0.01–0.08 Hz. For cross-dataset validation, we applied the classifier from dataset-1 directly to dataset-2, and vice versa. The mean accuracy of cross-dataset validation was 94.93% for dataset-1 to dataset-2 and 90.32% for dataset-2 to dataset-1 in the 0.01–0.08 Hz range. For the UNPAIR method, classification accuracy was substantially lower (mean 69.89% for dataset-1 and 82.97% for dataset-2), and was much lower for cross-dataset validation (64.69% for dataset-1 to dataset-2 and 64.98% for dataset-2 to dataset-1) in the 0.01–0.08 Hz range. In conclusion, for within-group design studies (e.g., paired conditions or follow-up studies), we recommend the PAIR method for feature extraction. In addition, dimensionality reduction with strong prior knowledge of specific brain regions should also be considered for feature selection in neuroimaging studies.
Computational investigation on the effects of H50Q and G51D mutations on the α-Synuclein aggregation propensity

The aggregation of α-synuclein is linked directly to the histopathology of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, several missense mutations present in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA) have been known to be associated with PD. Several studies have highlighted the effect of SNCA mutations on the α-synuclein aggregation, but their pathological roles are not completely established. In this study, we have focused on the effects of the recently discovered α-synuclein missense mutants (H50Q and G51D) on the aggregation using computational approaches. We performed all atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on these mutants and compared their conformational dynamics with Wild-Type (WT) α-synuclein. We noticed the solvent accessible surface area (SASA), radius of gyration, atomic fluctuations, and beta strand content to be higher in H50Q than G51D and WT. Using PDBSum online server; we analyzed the inter-molecular interactions that drive the association of monomeric units of H50Q, WT, and G51D in forming the respective homo-dimer. We noticed the interface area, number of interacting residues and binding free energy to be higher for H50Q homo-dimer than the WT and G51D homo-dimers. Our findings in this study suggest that in comparison to WT and G51D, H50Q mutation to have a positive effect on increasing the α-synuclein aggregation propensity. Hence, we see that H50Q and G51D mutation show conflicting effect on the aggregation propensity of α-synuclein.
Biophysical Limits of Protein-Ligand Binding

In classic work, Kuntz et al. (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 9997-10002) introduced the concept of ligand efficiency. Though that study focused primarily on drug-like molecules, it also showed that metal binding led to the greatest ligand efficiencies. Here, the physical limits of binding are examined across the wide variety of small molecules in the Binding MOAD database. The complexes with the greatest ligand efficiencies share the trait of being small, charged ligands bound in highly charged, well buried binding sites. The limit of ligand efficiency is -1.75 kcal/mol·atom for the protein-ligand complexes within Binding MOAD, and 95% of the set have efficiencies below a "soft limit" of -0.83 kcal/mol·atom. On the basis of buried molecular surface area, the hard limit of ligand efficiency is -117 cal/mol·Å(2), which is in surprising agreement with the limit of macromolecule-protein binding. Close examination of the most efficient systems reveals their incredibly high efficiency is dictated by tight contacts between the charged groups of the ligand and the pocket. In fact, a misfit of 0.24 Å in the average contacts inherently decreases the maximum possible efficiency by at least 0.1 kcal/mol·atom.
A Multi-Stage Solution for NFV-Enabled Multicast Over the Hybrid Infrastructure

The network function virtualization-enabled multicast problem includes constructing traffic forwarding topology, deploying required functions and steering traffic through them. Currently, jointly taking them into consideration is still an open problem and we propose a multi-stage solution to solve it. Specifically, we separate the multicast traffic forwarding and function delivery. The traffic forwarding topology is constructed with minimum spanning tree and the function delivery is implemented with the backtracking strategy. Simulation results show that the proposed solution achieves good performance.
Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis and Subsequent Endo-Lysosomal Trafficking of Adeno-associated Virus/Phage*

Background: Uptake and intracellular trafficking mechanisms involved in Adeno-Associated Virus/Phage (AAVP)-mediated gene delivery are unknown. Results: Endocytosis is dynamin and clathrin-dependent, and gene transfer is restricted by accumulation in the endolysosomal degradative pathway. Conclusion: The lysosome presents a major barrier to efficient gene delivery by this vector. Significance: Incorporation of lysosome-disruption strategies will enhance gene delivery by future bacteriophage-based vectors. Adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) is a gene delivery vector constructed as a hybrid between adeno-associated virus and filamentous phage. Tumor targeting following systemic administration has previously been demonstrated in several in vivo cancer models, with tumor specificity achieved through display of an αv integrin-targeting ligand on the capsid. However, high titers of AAVP are required for transduction of large numbers of mammalian cells. This study is the first to investigate the mechanisms involved in entry and intracellular trafficking of AAVP. Using a combination of flow cytometry, confocal, and electron microscopy techniques, together with pharmacological agents, RNAi and dominant negative mutants, we have demonstrated that targeted AAVP endocytosis is both dynamin and clathrin-dependent. Following entry, the majority of AAVP particles are sequestered by the endosomal-lysosomal degradative pathway. Finally, we have demonstrated that disruption of this pathway leads to improved transgene expression by AAVP, thus demonstrating that escape from the late endosomes/lysosomes is a critical step for improving gene delivery by AAVP. These findings have important implications for the rational design of improved AAVP and RGD-targeted vectors.
The road to London 2012: The lived stressor, emotion, and coping experiences of gymnasts preparing for and competing at the world championships

The purpose of this study was to explore the lived stressors, emotions, and coping experiences of four international gymnasts. A variety of recurring stressors were reported by the gymnasts, such as performing poorly in training, expectations from other people, and coaches. Coping appeared to generate pleasant emotions in some instances, especially when it was effective. The gymnasts also experienced multiple emotions simultaneously, including unpleasant (e.g. anxiety) and pleasant emotions (e.g. excitement). The diaries also revealed the extent to which team members were affected by one another, such as when a team member suffered an injury that prevented him competing in an international event and the other team members experienced a variety of unpleasant emotions. The gymnasts also reported experiencing pleasant and unpleasant emotions simultaneously. As such, these findings add to the emerging literature that people can experience different emotions simultaneously and illustrate the importance of examining multiple emotions to capture the entire emotional experience.
Historical drivers of extinction risk: using past evidence to direct future monitoring

Global commitments to halt biodiversity decline mean that it is essential to monitor species' extinction risk. However, the work required to assess extinction risk is intensive. We demonstrate an alternative approach to monitoring extinction risk, based on the response of species to external conditions. Using retrospective International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List assessments, we classify transitions in the extinction risk of 497 mammalian carnivores and ungulates between 1975 and 2013. Species that moved to lower Red List categories, or remained Least Concern, were classified as ‘lower risk'; species that stayed in a threatened category, or moved to a higher category of risk, were classified as ‘higher risk'. Twenty-four predictor variables were used to predict transitions, including intrinsic traits (species biology) and external conditions (human pressure, distribution state and conservation interventions). The model correctly classified up to 90% of all transitions and revealed complex interactions between variables, such as protected areas (PAs) versus human impact. The most important predictors were: past extinction risk, PA extent, geographical range size, body size, taxonomic family and human impact. Our results suggest that monitoring a targeted set of metrics would efficiently identify species facing a higher risk, and could guide the allocation of resources between monitoring species' extinction risk and monitoring external conditions.
Multispectral imaging system for clinical assessment of superficial wound tissue oxygenation

Sufficient tissue oxygenation is a factor that warrants fast progression of wound healing as the latter would be impeded under the condition of inappropriate oxygen supply to wound tissues. This work aims to investigate average wound tissue oxygenation value during wound healing process. We used Extended Modified Lambert Beer model to predict tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) based on spectroscopic data collected from multispectral imaging system. We recruited two healthy Asians with acute wound at different skin sites. Multispectral data were collected at each of their scheduled clinical visit starting from the commencement of wound treatment until the wound dressing is no longer required as evaluated by medical professionals. The quantification work is based on a priori knowledge of absorption coefficients of blood hemoglobin components in the wavelength range of 520–600 nm. This study observed an increase in mean StO2 value to a maximum value of 71.73±2.35% as micro-angiogenesis takes place. This value is gradually decreased to 61.87±3.54% as skin keratinized. We concluded that multispectral imaging technique and the employed quantification strategy is potentially useful as a means for noncontact and noninvasive monitoring of wound healing process, and this system may be suitable for routine clinical use.
MBI TR, 2004 A Successful Application of Compact Optimization. The Protein Contact Map Overlap Problem

In Combinatorial Optimization, one is frequently faced with linear programming (LP) problems with exponentially many constraints. These problems can be solved either using separation or what we call compact optimization. The former technique relies on a separation algorithm, which, given a fractional solution, tries to produce a violated valid inequality. The technique of compact optimization relies on describing the feasible region of the LP by a polynomial number of constraints, in a higher dimensional space. A commonly held belief is that compact optimization does not perform as well as separation in practice. In this paper, we report on the rst application in which compact optimization does in fact largely outperform separation. The problem is a fundamental question in computational molecular biology, i.e. the comparison of 3-dimensional protein folds. Our computational results show that compact optimization achieves an improvement of up to two orders of magnitude over separation. This fact allowed us to nd provably optimal solutions to several real alignment problems of proteins from the Protein Data Bank, PDB [2]. We discuss some theoretical reasons why compact optimization works in this case but not, e.g., for the LP relaxation of the TSP.
Training models for psychiatry in primary care: a new frontier.

OBJECTIVE Under policies implemented by the Australian Government, the success of community mental health care has increasingly relied upon general practitioners (GPs) assuming an enhanced role in the delivery of evidence-based psychological treatment. In undertaking this role, it is crucial that GPs significantly build upon limited training in evidence-based psychological therapies such as cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This pilot study investigates the potential role of CBT group supervision as a training model. METHOD Two groups of GPs (n = 9) and one comparison group of psychiatric registrars (n = 4) completed eight 1.5 h sessions of CBT group supervision over an 8 month period. Pre- to post-training measures were taken of GP performance (skills, knowledge and confidence) and the mental health outcomes of their patients. On the completion of group supervision, focus groups were conducted for in-depth feedback. RESULTS Randomization tests indicated that GPs' confidence and knowledge in using CBT had improved over the course of group supervision. Results from focus groups confirmed that GPs' CBT skills had improved. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that group supervision is a promising training model for psychiatry in primary care. Cognitive behaviour therapy should be replaced, however, with a briefer therapy model, such as brief CBT, better suited to a general practice environment. Future research needs to replicate these findings on a larger scale.
Feature extraction for speech recognition based on orthogonal acoustic-feature planes and LDA

This paper describes an attempt to extract multiple topological structures, hidden in time-spectrum (TS) patterns, by using multiple mapping operators, and to incorporate the operators into the feature extractor of a speech recognition system. In the previous work, the author proposed a novel feature extraction method based on MAFP/KLT (MAFP: multiple acoustic-feature planes), in which 3/spl times/3 derivative filters were used for mapping operators, and showed that the method achieved significant improvement in preliminary experiments. In this paper, firstly, the mapping operators are directly extracted in the form of a 3/spl times/3 orthogonal basis from a speech database. Next, the operators are evaluated, together with 3/spl times/3 simplified operators modeled on the orthogonal basis. Finally, after comparing the experimental results, the author proposes an effective feature extraction method based on MAFP/LDA, in which a Sobel filter is used for mapping operators.
Contrast Media Viscosity versus Osmolality in Kidney Injury: Lessons from Animal Studies

Iodinated contrast media (CM) can induce acute kidney injury (AKI). CM share common iodine-related cytotoxic features but differ considerably with regard to osmolality and viscosity. Meta-analyses of clinical trials generally failed to reveal renal safety differences of modern CM with regard to these physicochemical properties. While most trials' reliance on serum creatinine as outcome measure contributes to this lack of clinical evidence, it largely relies on the nature of prospective clinical trials: effective prophylaxis by ample hydration must be employed. In everyday life, patients are often not well hydrated; here we lack clinical data. However, preclinical studies that directly measured glomerular filtration rate, intrarenal perfusion and oxygenation, and various markers of AKI have shown that the viscosity of CM is of vast importance. In the renal tubules, CM become enriched, as water is reabsorbed, but CM are not. In consequence, tubular fluid viscosity increases exponentially. This hinders glomerular filtration and tubular flow and, thereby, prolongs intrarenal retention of cytotoxic CM. Renal cells become injured, which triggers hypoperfusion and hypoxia, finally leading to AKI. Comparisons between modern CM reveal that moderately elevated osmolality has a renoprotective effect, in particular, in the dehydrated state, because it prevents excessive tubular fluid viscosity.
Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language: An Elementary Exposition

Citer cet article Joós, E. (1985). KRIPKE, Saul A. , Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language : An Elementary Exposition. Laval théologique et philosophique, 41(2), 257–259. https://doi.org/10.7202/400172ar Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d'auteur. L'utilisation des services d'Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d'utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. [https://apropos.erudit. org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/]
Computation of optical flow using basis functions

The issues governing the computation of optical flow in image sequences are addressed. The trade-off between accuracy versus computation cost is shown to be dependent on the redundancy of the image representation. This dependency is highlighted by reformulating Horn's (1986) algorithm, making explicit use of the approximations to the continuous basis functions underlying the discrete representation. The computation cost of estimating optical flow, for a fixed error tolerance, is shown to be a minimum for images resampled at twice the Nyquist rate. The issues of derivative calculation and multiresolution representation are also briefly discussed in terms of basis functions and information encoding. A multiresolution basis function formulation of Horn's algorithm is shown to lead to large improvements in dealing with high frequencies and large displacements.
Knowledge exchange systems for youth health and chronic disease prevention: a tri-provincial case study.

INTRODUCTION The research teams undertook a case study design using a common analytical framework to investigate three provincial (Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Manitoba) knowledge exchange systems. These three knowledge exchange systems seek to generate and enhance the use of evidence in policy development, program planning and evaluation to improve youth health and chronic disease prevention. METHODS We applied a case study design to explore the lessons learned, that is, key conditions or processes contributing to the development of knowledge exchange capacity, using a multi-data collection method to gain an in-depth understanding. Data management, synthesis and analysis activities were concurrent, iterative and ongoing. The lessons learned were organized into seven "clusters. " RESULTS Key findings demonstrated that knowledge exchange is a complex process requiring champions, collaborative partnerships, regional readiness and the adaptation of knowledge exchange to diverse stakeholders. DISCUSSION Overall, knowledge exchange systems can increase the capacity to exchange and use evidence by moving beyond collecting and reporting data. Areas of influence included development of new partnerships, expanded knowledge-sharing activities, and refinement of policy and practice approaches related to youth health and chronic disease prevention.
Design of H-bridge multilevel active rectifier for traction systems

This paper is focused on the design of the controller for a high voltage-high power single phase front-end rectifier stage, for a large electric drive designed for, but not limited to, traction field applications. The rectifier should absorb current with low harmonic content to eliminate disturbances on the communication equipments and more generally to reduce environment electromagnetic pollution. Additional specification is the elimination of the heavy and bulky transformer to reduce encumbrances and cost. A multilevel H-bridge single phase configuration has been chosen. In this paper, the design has been fully investigated with the help of theoretical analysis and simulations.