Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High Performance Parallel Decimal Multipliers Using Hybrid BCD Codes

A parallel decimal multiplier with improved performance is proposed in this paper by exploiting the properties of three different binary coded decimal (BCD) codes, namely the redundant BCD excess-3 code (XS-3), the overloaded decimal digit set (ODDS) code and the BCD-4221/5211 code. The signed-digit radix-10 recoding is used to recode the BCD multiplier to the digit set [-5, 5] from [0, 9]. The redundant BCD XS-3 code is adopted to generate the multiplicand multiples in a carry-free manner. The XS-3 coded partial products (PPs) are converted to ODDS PPs to fit binary partial product reduction (PPR). In this paper, a regular decimal PPR tree using ODDS and BCD-4221/5211 codes is proposed; it consists of a binary PPR tree block, a non-fixed size BCD-4221 counter block and a BCD-4221/5211 PPR tree block. The decimal carry-save algorithm based on BCD-4221/5211 is used in the PPR tree to obtain high performance multipliers. Moreover, an improved PPG circuit and an improved parallel prefix/carry-select decimal adder are proposed to further improve the performance of the proposed multipliers. Analysis and comparison using the 45 nm technology show that the proposed decimal multipliers are faster and require less hardware area than previous designs found in the technical literature.
Microbial evaluation and public health implications of urine as alternative therapy in clinical pediatric cases: health implication of urine therapy

Background Cultural means of pediatric treatment during ill health is a mainstay in Africa, and though urine has been known to contain enteric pathogens, urine therapy is still culturally applicable in some health conditions and also advocated as alternative therapy. The study therefore, is to evaluate the microbial contents and safety of urine. Methods Urinary bacteria from cows and healthy children aged 5-11 years were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using modified agar disc and well-diffusion methods. Results A total of 116 bacterial isolates (n = 77 children; n = 39 cows) were identified as Bacillus (10.4%; 5.1%)), Staphylococcus (2.6%; 2.6%), Citrobacter (3.9%; 12.8%), Escherichia coli (36.4%; 23.1%), Klebsiella (7.8%; 12.8%), Proteus (18.2%; 23.1%), Pseudomonas (9.1%; 2.6%), Salmonella (3.9%; 5.1%) and Shigella (7.8%; 12.8%) spp. Antibiotic resistance rates of the Gram-positive bacteria were high (50.0100%), except in Bacillus strains against chloramphenicol, gentamicin and tetracycline (14.3%), while higher resistance rates were recorded among the Gram-negative bacteria except in Citrobacter (0.0%) and Proteus (8.5%) spp. against gentamicin and tetracycline respectively. The Gram-negative bacteria from ito malu (cow urine) were more resistant bacteria except in Citrobacter (20.0%) and Shigella spp. (0.0%) against tetracycline and Proteus spp. (11.1%), (22.2%) against amoxicillin and tetracycline respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) rates recorded in children urinal bacterial species were 37.5-100% (Gram-positive) and 12.5-100% (Gram-negative), while MAR among the cow urinal bacteria was 12.5-75.0% (Gram-positive) and 25.0-100% (Gram-negative). Similar higher resistance rates were also recorded among the Gram-negative bacterial species from urine specimens against the pediatric antibiotic suspensions. Conclusion The study reported presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in human urine and ito malu used as alternative remedy in pediatric health conditions like febrile convulsion.
Morphological and health-related changes associated with a 12-week self-guided exercise programme in overweight adults: a pilot study

Abstract Over 12 weeks, supervised physical activity (PA) interventions have demonstrated improvements in morphological and health parameters, whereas community walking programmes have not. The present study piloted a self-guided programme for promoting PA and reducing sedentary behaviour in overweight individuals and measured its effect on a range of health outcomes. Six male and 16 female sedentary adults aged 48.5 ± 5.5 years with body mass index (BMI) 33.4 ± 6.3 kg m−2 were assessed for anthropometric variables, blood pressure, functional capacity, well-being and fatigue. After an exercise consultation, participants pursued their own activity and monitored PA points weekly. At baseline, mid-point and 12 weeks, eight participants wore activity monitors, and all participants undertook a 5-day food diary to monitor dietary intake. In 17 completers, mass, BMI, sit-to-stand, physical and general fatigue had improved by 6 weeks. By 12 weeks, waist, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), diastolic blood pressure, well-being and most fatigue dimensions had also improved. Throughout the intervention, PA was stable, energy intake and lying time decreased and standing time increased; thus, changes in both energy intake and expenditure explain the health-related outcomes. Observed changes in function, fatigue and quality of life are consistent with visceral fat loss and can occur at levels of weight loss which may not be considered clinically significant.
Efficient Secure Text Retrieval on Multi-Keyword Search

It is necessary to protect the data, while the data owner still let the users retrieve the information. In this paper, we present a secure text retrieval on multi keyword search, where the data owners and users can guarantee the privacy of their documents and searching keywords against the semi-trusted document servers while maintaining the functionality of ranked text retrieval. Our scheme also supports access control where the data owners can specify the users that can search and access their files. We build our scheme based on the term frequency ranking function that is widely used in many real text retrieval systems. Hence, the efficiency of our secure scheme is verified empirically with real text corpus.
Comparing the efficacy of two cognitive dissonance interventions for eating pathology: Are online and face-to-face interventions equally effective?

COMPARING THE EFFICACY OF TWO COGNITIVE DISSONANCE INTERVENTIONS FOR EATING PATHOLOGY: ARE ONLINE AND FACE-TO-FACE INTERVENTIONS EQUALLY EFFECTIVE? By Kasey Lyn Serdar, M.S. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Suzanne E. Mazzeo, Ph.D. Associate Professor Counseling Psychology Department Clinical and subclinical eating pathology are common, especially among female undergraduates. Such problems are often chronic and associated with a range of negative medical and psychological outcomes. Thus, it is important to develop effective prevention programs to reduce eating disorder risk. Numerous studies suggest that dissonance-based prevention programs are the most successful in reducing eating disorder risk factors, however, such programs might not be convenient for students limited by scheduling restraints or geographic proximity. Further, some students may be reluctant to attend such groups due to lack of anonymity. One way to address these potential barriers is to adapt dissonance-based programs for online use. However, no extant studies have examined the feasibility of this mode of delivery for dissonance-based programs. The current study examined the effectiveness of an online dissonance-based program, and compared it with traditional face-to-face delivery and assessment-only control conditions. It was hypothesized that: 1) online and face-to-face dissonance programs would produce comparable results; and 2) both of these active treatments would yield improvements in eating disorder outcomes (e.g. reduced thin ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, dieting, negative affect, and eating disorder symptoms) compared with an assessment-only control condition. Results partially supported the original hypotheses. Modified intent-to-treat analyses (MITT) indicated that participants in both the face-to-face and online intervention groups showed less body dissatisfaction at post-intervention assessment compared to assessment only participants. Further, when analyses were conducted using a non-intent-to-treat (non-ITT) approach (examining only the outcomes of participants who completed the intervention), significant post-intervention differences were observed for all outcome variables. Specifically, individuals in both intervention groups showed lower thin-ideal internalization, body dissatisfaction, restraint, negative affect, and fewer eating disorder symptoms compared to assessment only participants. This study indicates that there may be some promise in adapting dissonance-based eating disorder prevention programs for online use. Future studies should continue to refine online adaptations of such programs and examine the effects of such programs with different populations.
A space-efficient flash translation layer for CompactFlash systems

Flash memory is becoming increasingly important as nonvolatile storage for mobile consumer electronics due to its low power consumption and shock resistance. However, it imposes technical challenges in that a write should be preceded by an erase operation, and that this erase operation can be performed only in a unit much larger than the write unit. To address these technical hurdles, an intermediate software layer called a flash translation layer (FTL) is generally employed to redirect logical addresses from the host system to physical addresses in flash memory. Previous approaches have performed this address translation at the granularity of either a write unit (page) or an erase unit (block). We propose a novel FTL design that combines the two different granularities in address translation. This is motivated by the idea that coarse grain address translation lowers the resources required to maintain translation information, which is crucial in mobile consumer products for cost and power consumption reasons, while fine grain address translation is efficient in handling small size writes. Performance evaluation based on trace-driven simulation shows that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms previously proposed approaches.
Male Elementary Teachers: Myths and Realities

This research project utilized a mixed method design to examine the myths and realities which confront male elementary teachers in Oregon public schools. Five research questions were posed which investigated the motivations, career ambitions, hiring experiences, potential issues, working environment, and the benefits of male elementary teachers. The quantitative process utilized a survey of male and female elementary teachers in the Oregon public schools. Potential participants were chosen through a stratified random sample determined by the gender of the teacher. The response rate for both male and female respondents was 51%, which yielded samples of 159 male teachers and 92 female teachers. The qualitative process involved structured interviews with 12 male teachers to provide additional insights into the experiences of male elementary teachers. The key findings of the research can be summ arized in these statements. Male teachers entered the elementary classroom because of their love for their students and the connections they are able to make with the students. Previous experiences with elementary-aged children were major influences in their desire to enter the elementary classroom. Most male and female elementary teachers chose to remain in the classroom and not become administrators. Several realities faced by the male elementary teachers were identified in this research: (a) male elementary teachers do not have an easier time being hired for classroom and administrative positions than female elementary teachers, (b) the threat of false accusations of child abuse is real, (c) male elementary teachers must identify positive ways of establishing relationships and boundaries with their students, (d) male teachers will be in the minority in most elementary schools, (e) there is a perception of a double standard for sexual harassment issues in which their female colleagues can share stories, comments, or jokes which would be perceived as harassment if said by 11 a male teacher, and (f) male teachers are expected to be male role models for their students. School districts and teacher education institutions have the responsibility to prepare their male teachers and candidates for these realities. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS CfiAPTER ONE .
A Novel Developer Ranking Algorithm for Automatic Bug Triage Using Topic Model and Developer Relations

Recently, bug resolution has become a pivotal issue for software maintenance where recommendations for appropriate fixers are an important task. Some approaches (e.g., Social network and machine learning techniques) exist that can achieve automatic bug triage (i.e., Developer recommendation). This paper proposes a new method to recommend the most suitable fixer for bug resolution. Different from previous approaches, the proposed approaches combine topic model and developer relations (e.g., Bug reporter and assignee) to capture developers' interest and experience on specific bug reports, we can arrange for the most appropriate developer to fix a new bug when it comes in. We evaluate the performance of our method using three large-scale open-source projects, including Eclipse, Mozilla Fire fox, and Net beans. The experimental results reveal that our approach outperforms other recommendation methods for developers.
Learning to Rapidly Re-Contact the Lost Plume in Chemical Plume Tracing

Maintaining contact between the robot and plume is significant in chemical plume tracing (CPT). In the time immediately following the loss of chemical detection during the process of CPT, Track-Out activities bias the robot heading relative to the upwind direction, expecting to rapidly re-contact the plume. To determine the bias angle used in the Track-Out activity, we propose an online instance-based reinforcement learning method, namely virtual trail following (VTF). In VTF, action-value is generalized from recently stored instances of successful Track-Out activities. We also propose a collaborative VTF (cVTF) method, in which multiple robots store their own instances, and learn from the stored instances, in the same database. The proposed VTF and cVTF methods are compared with biased upwind surge (BUS) method, in which all Track-Out activities utilize an offline optimized universal bias angle, in an indoor environment with three different airflow fields. With respect to our experimental conditions, VTF and cVTF show stronger adaptability to different airflow environments than BUS, and furthermore, cVTF yields higher success rates and time-efficiencies than VTF.
NCryptfs: A Secure and Convenient Cryptographic File System

Often, increased security comes at the expense of user convenience, performance, or compatibility with other systems. The right level of security depends on specific site and user needs, which must be carefully balanced. We have designed and built a new cryptographic file system called NCryptfs with the primary goal of allowing users to tailor the level of security vs. convenience to fit their needs. Some of the features NCryptfs supports include multiple concurrent ciphers and authentication methods, separate per-user name spaces, ad-hoc groups, challenge-response authentication, and transparent process suspension and resumption based on key validity. Our Linux prototype works as a stackable file system and can be used to secure any file system. Performance evaluation of NCryptfs shows a minimal uservisible overhead.
Modeling computer systems evolutions: non-stationary processes and stochastic Petri nets-application to dependability growth

Stochastic Petri nets (SPNs) have emerged over the years as a favored approach for performance and dependability modeling and evaluation. Their usual utilization assumes that systems specification and design do not evolve, in opposition to real-life. This paper is aimed at a preliminary exploration of how to take advantage of the existing body of results on SPNs for modeling the evolution of computer systems, i.e. to model non-stationary stochastic processes. It focuses on dependability evolutions which result from successive releases.
Performance of children and adolescents with PTSD on the Stroop colour-naming task

Background. Investigators have used various experimental paradigms such as the Stroop colour naming test to study how adults with different emotional disorders process emotional information. However, to date, little research has been carried out on younger subjects. Method. In the current experiment, children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and control subjects aged 9–17 years, participated in a modified Stroop colour naming task. Results. The results indicated that the children and adolescents with PTSD showed increased Stroop interference for trauma-related material relative to neutral words and to the performance of the controls. Conclusions. These findings indicate that attentional bias to trauma-congruent information is a function of PTSD in young age groups. The results are discussed with respect to the literature on information processing in PTSD.
Becoming a Fan of Social Media Marketers : Uses and Gratifications of Facebook Brand Pages

The advent of social media has witnessed a transformation in how audiences interact with marketers online. While previous research has shown that media consumers generally hold a negative view of advertising, today’s media consumers are engaging with brands more than ever. This study examines what it means to be an active fan of marketers in social media to the modern media consumer through an investigation of how audiences relate to brands in the social media space. Centered around audiences’ uses and gratifications of three successful brand communities within Facebook through qualitative (field observations and individual interviews) and quantitative (surveys) methods, this study intends to gain further knowledge about the role of social media and its impact on forming new cultural trends. The findings suggest that while the uses and gratifications of Facebook brand pages and what becoming a fan of a brand on Facebook signifies to social media users vary, the prevailing motivation for and function of brand community membership is the construction of one’s digital identity in association with the brands of one’s choosing. Furthermore, despite being aware that Facebook brand communities are marketing platforms, fans were largely receptive to and held a positive attitude towards the brands. This critical study of brand fans on Facebook presents the importance of studying social media’s uses and implications in order to better understand new audience cultures within the interactive media landscape.
The MagA Protein of Magnetospirilla Is Not Involved in Bacterial Magnetite Biomineralization

ABSTRACT Magnetotactic bacteria have the ability to orient along geomagnetic field lines based on the formation of magnetosomes, which are intracellular nanometer-sized, membrane-enclosed magnetic iron minerals. The formation of these unique bacterial organelles involves several processes, such as cytoplasmic membrane invagination and magnetosome vesicle formation, the accumulation of iron in the vesicles, and the crystallization of magnetite. Previous studies suggested that the magA gene encodes a magnetosome-directed ferrous iron transporter with a supposedly essential function for magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 that may cause magnetite biomineralization if expressed in mammalian cells. However, more recent studies failed to detect the MagA protein among polypeptides associated with the magnetosome membrane and did not identify magA within the magnetosome island, a conserved genomic region that is essential for magnetosome formation in magnetotactic bacteria. This raised increasing doubts about the presumptive role of magA in bacterial magnetosome formation, which prompted us to reassess MagA function by targeted deletion in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 and Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1. Contrary to previous reports, magA mutants of both strains still were able to form wild-type-like magnetosomes and had no obvious growth defects. This unambiguously shows that magA is not involved in magnetosome formation in magnetotactic bacteria.
An invariant-EKF VINS algorithm for improving consistency

The main contribution of this paper is an invariant extended Kalman filter (EKF) for visual inertial navigation systems (VINS). It is demonstrated that the conventional EKF based VINS is not invariant under the stochastic unobservable transformation, associated with a translation and a rotation about the gravitational direction. This can lead to inconsistent state estimates as the estimator does not obey a fundamental property of the physical system. To address this issue, we use a novel uncertainty representation to derive a Right Invariant error extended Kalman filter (RIEKF-VINS) that preserves this invariance property. RIEKF-VINS is then adapted to the multi-state constraint Kalman filter framework to obtain a consistent state estimator. Both Monte Carlo simulations and real-world experiments are used to validate the proposed method.
Sensory processing and stereotypical and repetitive behaviour in children with autism and intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND Sensory processing disorders have been linked to stereotypical behaviours in children with intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to anxiety in children with ASD. In earlier phases of this study with the same participants, we found that those with both ASD and ID were more motivated than those with ID alone to engage in stereotypical behaviour to alleviate anxiety. In this phase, we confirmed that children with both ASD and ID and those with ID alone process sensation differently than typically developing children. We asked: Do the sensory processing difficulties of children with ASD and ID differ significantly from those of children with ID alone in a way that would help explain the increased anxiety of the former group? METHOD Parents of children with ASD and ID (n = 29; mean age 9.7 years) and with ID alone (n = 23; mean age 9.5 years) completed a Sensory Profile (SP) to provide information about their children's sensory processing abilities. SP quadrant scores for each group were compared with each other and with the published norms of typically developing children. RESULTS Children with ASD and ID and with ID alone processed sensory information differently than typically developing children (P=0.0001;d= >2.00). Children with both ASD and ID were significantly more sensitive (P=0.007;d=0.70) and avoidant (P < 0.05;d=0.47) than the children with ID alone. CONCLUSION We conclude that increased sensitivity and the tendency to avoid sensation may help explain anxiety in children with autism.