Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grepator: Accents & Case Mix for Thesaurus

There is a real need among researchers and students for pedagogical resources. In France, information retrieval techniques have been developed, for example in the Doc'CISMeF web site. As Pubmed, documents are indexed with (French) MeSH terms, one of the problems discovered, in quality studies, is the inadequacies between the user requests and the MeSH controlled vocabulary. Moreover, French (but also Greek or Spanish), pose specific problems for indexing, due to the diacritic characters.In this article, we present the Grepator project. The main goal is to transform any thesaurus (or any entry) in case mix and accentuated characters, for a specific domain. Furthermore, Grepator has to complete MeSH terms according to their usual form in natural language and finally, to correct user spelling mistakes. Grepator is based on a statistical approach. A large French medical corpus has been constituted from pedagogical resources indexed in CISMeF. Using regular expressions, Grepator searches the more usual ways to spell the word. Seventy five percent of MeSH terms are found in the corpus, using this method, with less than one mistake for a hundred words. This first evaluation of the tools is analyzed and we discuss further steps that might be developed.
Making It Happen

This article explores the progress that state governments across the country are making in implementing the three most widely used evidence-based programs (EBPs) for delinquent youth: multisystemic therapy (MST), functional family therapy (FFT), and multidimensional treatment foster care (MTFC). Rather than rank states, this study was designed to help state policy makers and practitioners identify strategies and techniques that can help expand the quality and availability of EBPs in their jurisdictions. Its explicit focus on implementation was purposeful. Most states are not yet in a position to begin to assess if their expenditures on these programs are having an impact (or at least an impact statewide) on juvenile recidivism, placements in residential facilities, or other key outcomes. We found that there are five states that are making substantially greater progress in implementing these EBPs: New Mexico, Louisiana, Maine, Connecticut, and Hawaii. In addition to the highest availability of these programs, ranging from 9.4 to 13.0 therapist teams per million population, these states share a number of key features that demonstrate that direct and purposeful state action is behind the expansion of these programs. Some of these features include structured involvement of all key stakeholders, effective leaders who championed not just the programs but a culture of using research to improve practice, pilot testing of new EBPs, special funding for designated EBPs, and technical assistance to counties to help get programs off the ground. Gaps in knowledge are identified and implications for policy are discussed.
Ontology-Mediated Queries for Probabilistic Databases

Probabilistic databases (PDBs) are usually incomplete, e.g., containing only the facts that have been extracted from the Web with high confidence. However, missing facts are often treated as being false, which leads to unintuitive results when querying PDBs. Recently, open-world probabilistic databases (OpenPDBs) were proposed to address this issue by allowing probabilities of unknown facts to take any value from a fixed probability interval. In this paper, we extend OpenPDBs by Datalog+/- ontologies, under which both upper and lower probabilities of queries become even more informative, enabling us to distinguish queries that were indistinguishable before. We show that the dichotomy between P and PP in (Open)PDBs can be lifted to the case of first-order rewritable positive programs (without negative constraints); and that the problem can become NP^PP-complete, once negative constraints are allowed. We also propose an approximating semantics that circumvents the increase in complexity caused by negative constraints.
An Adaptive Broadband Mobile Ad-Hoc Radio Backbone System; DARPA NetCentric Demonstration - Ft. Benning, GA, January 2006

This paper describes a novel autonomously adaptive networked radio system that provides a broadband tactical mobile backbone to enable netcentric warfare. The system was successfully demonstrated to seamlessly interconnect multiple heterogeneous networked radio systems during the DARPA NetCentric (NC) demonstration at Ft. Benning, GA in January 2006, serving as the high availability terrestrial backbone link between dismount units that were otherwise beyond communications range. Real-time tactical voice, video, and situation awareness (SA) data were reliably delivered over the network to support the planning and execution of a simulated tactical mission with all radio network operation conducted by active duty US military personnel. Each NC node operated as a vehicular or airborne relay mobile ad-hoc router for the terrestrial backbone tactical network. Routing in each ground vehicle selected between this terrestrial backbone path and an alternate satellite backbone for assured line-of-sight (LoS) and beyond line-of-sight (BLoS) communications. The broadband mobile ad-hoc radio system incorporates many innovative networking features to deliver breakthrough capabilities. Multiple discontiguous 1.2 MHz wide bandwidth segments are aggregated into a single RF waveform to ease frequency planning in crowded UHF spectrum bands. The system provides both high data rate and long range communications by autonomously adapting each link in the ad-hoc network topology to deliver the maximum possible throughput under dynamically changing link conditions.
Acute Hypertension Selectively Potentiates Constrictor Responses of Large Coronary Arteries to Serotonin by Altering Endothelial Function In Vivo

We tested the hypothesis that acute coronary artery hypertension may damage vascular endothelium and alter vasomotor responses to humoral agents. We examined effects of intracoronary infusion of the endothelium-dependent agent serotonin and two endothelium-independent agents, angiotensin II and methoxamine, on large coronary artery diameter in the blood perfused dog heart. Responses were examined before and 30 minutes after brief periods of coronary hypertension (200 mm Hg for 10 seconds to 15 minutes). In open-chest anesthetized dogs, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused at constant pressure. Coronary diameter (D) was measured with piezoelectric crystals. At a control perfusion pressure of 80 mm Hg, serotonin produced dose-dependent constriction of the large coronary artery (mean ± SEM; ΔD= -22 ± 10μm at 5 μg/min; -108 ± 50 μm at 50 μg/min). Increasing perfusion pressure to 200 mm Hg increased flow 515 ± 79% and coronary diameter 509 ± 9 μm. After 15 minutes of hypertension, when coronary diameter had returned to baseline values, the constriction of the large artery to serotonin was potentiated (ΔD = -89 ± 33μm at 5 μg/min; - 207 ± 45 μm at 50 μg/min; p<0.05). Hypertension for 1-5 minutes potentiated constrictor responses of large coronary arteries for at least 2± hours. Removal of endothelium prevented effects of hypertension on constrictor responses of large arteries to serotonin. Hypertension did not alter constrictor responses to angiotensin II (1 and 2.5 μg/min) or methoxamine (50 and 100 μg/min) or the dilator response to acetylcholine (40 μg/min). Acute hypertension altered endothelial morphology. There were small endothelial craters following 10 seconds of hypertension, and disruption of endothelial junctions with leukocyte adherence following 1-15 minutes of hypertension. We conclude that acute hypertension alters constrictor responses of large coronary arteries to serotonin by impairing endothelial function and not by directly affecting vascular smooth muscle. These effects of acute hypertension on vascular reactivity are selective in that they do not involve non-endothelium-dependent agents or the endothelium-dependent agent, acetylcholine. The effect of hypertension also persists long after pressure is restored to normotensive levels.
The Application of Dynamic Assessment in People Communicating at a Prelinguistic Level: A descriptive review of the literature

Many people with severe disabilities face difficulties communicating with their communication partners and rely primarily on prelinguistic communication. It is accepted that dynamic assessment can play an important role in improving communication and in measuring a person’s ability to learn new communicative skills. Less is known, however, about the application of dynamic assessment in the case of those who communicate at a prelinguistic level. The present article reviewed dynamic assessment procedures that addressed communication abilities in people communicating at a prelinguistic level and young children who communicate using speech, with the aim of identifying key elements of dynamic assessment for persons communicating at a prelinguistic level. The results indicated the need for the identification of contextual variables that support communicative competence, teaching communication partners new skills, and a procedure that is highly individualised. Further research on the validity and reliability of these dynamic assessments is strongly recommended.
From pre-service to in-service teachers: a longitudinal investigation of the professional development of English language teachers in secondary schools

This study reports on a longitudinal inquiry into professional identity construction among six novice cross-border English language teachers from mainland China, who completed their pre-service teacher education in Hong Kong (HK) and began their teaching practice in local HK schools. The findings indicate that the participants navigated obstacles in teaching by deploying their own multiple languages as a cultural and linguistic repertoire. The findings also show that the teachers experienced difficulty legitimising their professional identity in the teaching community, where contextual issues and power interplays mediated the process. Furthermore, it is found that the participants’ commitment to teaching was negatively influenced by their non-legitimate position in the teaching community and the discordance between their teaching beliefs and the norms and values of their workplace. This study suggests that complex inter-relationships between marginal status in and legitimate membership of the community, between historical and cultural background, present practice, and future expectations, between social discourse and personal location, are involved in the process of identity construction. Measures to legitimate these teachers’ position and to transform the linguistic and cultural repertories of these teachers into valuable resources of the local schools are suggested. Implications for future research are outlined.
Dal81 Enhances Stp1- and Stp2-Dependent Transcription Necessitating Negative Modulation by Inner Nuclear Membrane Protein Asi1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast transcription factors Stp1 and Stp2 are synthesized as latent cytoplasmic precursors. In response to extracellular amino acids, the plasma membrane SPS sensor endoproteolytically excises the N-terminal domains that mediate cytoplasmic retention, enabling the processed forms to efficiently enter the nucleus and induce gene expression. Cytoplasmic retention is not absolute, low levels of full-length Stp1 and Stp2 “leak” into the nucleus, and the concerted action of inner nuclear membrane proteins Asi1, Asi2, and Asi3 restricts their promoter access. In cells lacking Asi function, the precursor forms bind promoters and constitutively induce gene expression. To understand the requirement of Asi-dependent repression, spontaneous mutations in Required for Latent Stp1/2-mediated transcription (RLS) genes that abolish the constitutive expression of SPS sensor-regulated genes in an asi1Δ strain were selected. A single gene, allelic with DAL81, was identified. We show that Dal81 indiscriminately amplifies the transactivation potential of both full-length and processed Stp1 and Stp2 by facilitating promoter binding. In dal81Δ mutants, the repressing activity of the Asi proteins is dispensable, demonstrating that without amplification, the levels of full-length Stp1 and Stp2 that escape cytoplasmic retention are insufficient to activate transcription. Conversely, the high levels of processed Stp1 and Stp2 that accumulate in the nucleus of induced cells activate transcription in the absence of Dal81.
Division of labor between M and P visual pathways: different visual pathways minimize joint entropy differently

Visual perception and action are strongly linked with parallel processing channels connecting the retina, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the input layers of the primary visual cortex. Achromatic vision is provided by at least two of such channels formed by the M and P neurons. These cell pathways are similarly organized in primates having different lifestyles, including species that are diurnal, nocturnal, and which exhibit a variety of color vision phenotypes. We describe the M and P cell properties by 3D Gabor functions and their 3D Fourier transform. The M and P cells occupy different loci in the Gabor information diagram or Fourier Space. This separation allows the M and P pathways to transmit visual signals with distinct 6D joint entropy for space, spatial frequency, time, and temporal frequency. By combining the M and P impacts on the cortical neurons beyond V1 input layers, the cortical pathways are able to process aspects of visual stimuli with a better precision than it would be possible using the M or P pathway alone. This performance fulfils the requirements of different behavioral tasks. Keywords: vision, M and P pathways, visual parallel processing, fourier space, joint entropy, information theory.
Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Express Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ, but Not &mgr;, &dgr;, or &kgr; Opioid Receptors

BACKGROUND:Expression of opioid receptors on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) is controversial. These receptors are currently classified as classical (MOP/mu/&mgr;, DOP/delta/&dgr; and KOP/kappa/&kgr;) and nonclassical NOP (nociceptin/orphanin FQ; N/OFQ). METHODS:In this volunteer study we probed for the expression of both classical and nonclassical opioid receptors using 1) radioligand binding, 2) specific antibody binding, and 3) polymerase chain reaction-based experimental paradigms. RESULTS:Membranes prepared from PBMC from healthy volunteers did not bind either [3H]diprenorphine (a nonselective radioligand for classical opioid receptors) or [3H]N/OFQ. There was significant concentration-dependent binding of each radioligand to control tissues expressing recombinant MOP and NOP. In addition, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting paradigms, there was no binding of fluorescent naloxone or either of two MOP antibodies to whole PBMC, though fluorescent naloxone did bind to recombinant MOP (as a positive control). Using primers specific for classical and nonclassical opioid receptors, and RNA extracted from the PBMC of 10 healthy volunteers, we were also unable to detect MOP, DOP, and KOP transcripts. In contrast, NOP was detected in all samples. CONCLUSIONS:Despite using several complementary experimental strategies, we failed to demonstrate protein for classical or nonclassical opioid receptors on PBMC from healthy volunteers. We detected NOP mRNA, suggesting low-density NOP expression on these immunocytes. It is possible that N/OFQ, produced by the PBMC itself, may be involved in the control of immune function.
Linguistically Responsive Teacher Education

Students who speak languages other than English are a growing presence in U.S. schools. As a result, many mainstream classroom teachers are finding that they have English language learners in their classes. Unfortunately, most mainstream classroom teachers have had little or no preparation for providing the types of assistance that such learners need to successfully learn academic content and skills through English while developing proficiency in English. In this article, the authors identify a small set of principles that can serve as the linguistic foundation for the teaching of English language learners in mainstream classes. The authors then outline linguistically responsive pedagogical practices that flow directly from those principles. They conclude with concrete suggestions for how teacher education programs can incorporate the knowledge and skills that will prepare all preservice teachers to be linguistically responsive.
Towards a model on security challenges during closed source software to OSS migrations

Open source software (OSS) allows users and developers to, amongst others, study, modify and redistribute the source code. At the other end of the spectrum, closed source software (CSS - the antonym of OSS) disallows users and developers to access and modify any source code. This paper presents an overview of security challenges during closed source systems (CSS) to open source systems (OSS) migrations and proposes a Model to address such challenges. A comparison of OSS security and CSS security aspects, and an overview of security challenges during migrations to OSS are presented. On the strength of these comparisons, and using summative content analysis, a model to address security challenges during migrations to OSS is proposed. The model is developed through enhancements of previous models aimed at addressing security threats and protecting sensitive information during system migrations.
Depression Moderates Treatment Efficacy of an HIV Secondary-Prevention Intervention for HIV-Positive Late Middle-Age and Older Adults

An estimated one-third of HIV-positive older adults continues to engage in sexual behaviors that risk HIV transmission or the acquisition of other sexually transmitted infections. A recently completed pilot randomized controlled trial of telephone-administered motivational interviewing (Tele-MI) targeting sexual risk behavior in 100 HIV-positive late middle-age and older adults found that a four-session Tele-MI intervention reduced episodes of non-condom-protected anal and vaginal intercourse. This secondary analysis examined the moderating effect of baseline depressive symptoms on intervention efficacy. When compared to one session of Tele-MI or standard of care, four sessions of Tele-MI produced greater reductions in sexual risk behavior in participants with subsyndromal depression at baseline but was no more efficacious than the other two conditions for participants with no or elevated baseline depressive symptoms. Large-scale studies that further elucidate the role of depression in sexual risk reduction interventions for HIV-positive persons are needed.
The Linkage between the Genes for Colour‐blindness and Haemophilia in Man

It is well established that colour-blindness and haemophilia are due to sex-linked genes. These genes appear to manifest themselves in all males who carry them. In women the gene for haemophilia is probably always recessive, the cases of alleged haemophilia in heterozygous women being very doubtful. On the other hand, colour-blind women whose putative fathers are not colour-blind occur too frequently to be explained by illegitimacy (Bell 1926). So colour-blindness is probably not always recessive. On the other hand, women homozygous for the gene appear always to be colour-blind. No cases of incomplete recessiveness occur in the new pedigrees here presented. It will be assumed th at a woman who is not colour-blind is not homozygous for the gene for colour-blindness. There are two distinct forms of colour-blindness, namely protanopia (“red-blindness”) and deuteranopia (“green-blindness”). According to Waaler (1927) the genes determining them form a series of five allelomorphs with the normal gene, and those for protanomalia and deuteranomalia. Haldane (1935) suggested that there are at least two different allelomorphic genes for haemophilia.
Characterization of the Hollow Fiber Assay for the Determination of Microtubule Disruption In vivo

Purpose: The hollow fiber assay is used successfully as a routine in vivo screening model to quantitatively define anticancer activity by the National Cancer Institute. This study investigates whether the hollow fiber assay can be used as a short-term in vivo model to demonstrate specific pharmacodynamic end points, namely microtubule and cell cycle disruption. Experimental Design: The growth of A549 cells was characterized within hollow fibers over 5 days in vivo at both subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) sites. Drugs were administered on day 4 (i.p.). Results: At 24 hours, cells were retrieved from fibers at both i.p. and s.c. sites of paclitaxel-treated (20 mg/kg) and combretastatin A1 phosphate–treated (150 mg/kg) mice. Cell cycle analysis after paclitaxel treatment revealed a mean G2-M phase population of 48.04% (i.p.) and 25.76% (s.c.) compared with vehicle group mice (6.78 and 5.56%, respectively; P = <0.001 and 0.005, respectively). Tumor cells retrieved from combretastatin A1 phosphate–treated mice had a mean G2-M phase population of 36.3% (i.p.) and 29.36% (s.c.) compared with cells retrieved from vehicle group mice (5.58 and 5.49%, respectively; P = <0.001). Using fluorescence and laser-confocal microscopy, paclitaxel was revealed to induce the formation of spindle asters and tubulin polymerization. Combretastatin A1 phosphate was shown to hold cells in mitosis. Changes in nuclear morphology were also observed. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the hollow fiber assay can be used as a short-term in vivo model for studying the pharmacodynamic effects of both standard and novel compounds on microtubules. Evidence has also been provided to support the routine use of the in vivo hollow fiber assay for demonstrating the mechanism of action of a drug.
Adaptive low rank and sparse decomposition of video using compressive sensing

We address the problem of reconstructing and analyzing surveillance videos using compressive sensing. We develop a new method that performs video reconstruction by low rank and sparse decomposition adaptively. Background subtraction becomes part of the reconstruction. In our method, a background model is used in which the background is learned adaptively as the compressive measurements are processed. The adaptive method has low latency, and is more robust than previous methods. We will present experimental results to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method.
Substance use by the mentally disordered committing serious offences-a high-security hospital study

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the link between mental disorder, violent behaviour/offending and substance misuse. However, because of the low prevalence of serious offending, most studies to date have concentrated on relatively minor offending. The aims of our study were twofold. We wanted to investigate the frequency and pattern of substance use by mentally disordered offenders committing serious offences, both at the time of the offence and in the year prior to detention. We also wanted to determine whether the prevalence of substance use had increased over time. Data on patients admitted to the Special Hospitals from 1972 to 1998 were collected from the Special Hospital Case Register. Overall, 18.6% of patients had taken substances at the time of the offence and 38.3% admitted to regular substance use in the 12 months prior to detention. However, from the early 1970s to the late 1990s the percentage of patients using substances at the time of the offence and admitting to regular substance use in the 12 months prior to detention, had risen almost threefold. The rising prevalence of substance use in this population highlights, yet again, the necessity for drug and alcohol treatment programs in secure settings.