Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines.

WRITING COMMITTEE MEMBERS* Clyde W. Yancy, MD, MSc, FACC, FAHA, Chairyz; Mariell Jessup, MD, FACC, FAHA, Vice Chair*y; Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHAy; Javed Butler, MBBS, FACC, FAHA*y; Donald E. Casey, Jr, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP, FAHAx; Mark H. Drazner, MD, MSc, FACC, FAHA*y; Gregg C. Fonarow, MD, FACC, FAHA*y; Stephen A. Geraci, MD, FACC, FAHA, FCCPjj; Tamara Horwich, MD, FACCy; James L. Januzzi, MD, FACC*y; Maryl R. Johnson, MD, FACC, FAHA{; Edward K. Kasper, MD, FACC, FAHAy; Wayne C. Levy, MD, FACC*y; Frederick A. Masoudi, MD, MSPH, FACC, FAHAy#; Patrick E. McBride, MD, MPH, FACC**; John J. V. McMurray, MD, FACC*y; Judith E. Mitchell, MD, FACC, FAHAy; Pamela N. Peterson, MD, MSPH, FACC, FAHAy; Barbara Riegel, DNSc, RN, FAHAy; Flora Sam, MD, FACC, FAHAy; Lynne W. Stevenson, MD, FACC*y; W. H. Wilson Tang, MD, FACC*y; Emily J. Tsai, MD, FACCy; Bruce L. Wilkoff, MD, FACC, FHRS*yy
Performance analysis of hybrid energy storage in different driving cycles

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are the best alternative to deal with fossil fuel and air pollution crisis. These vehicles have an electrical propulsion system which is connected to an Energy Storage System (ESS). Internal combustion engine propulsion system (parallel hybrid EV), engine-generator (series hybrid EV), or fuel cell system (fuel cell hybrid EV) may also exist in an EV. High performance ESS is needed as a result of electric power requirement. The batteries, conventional ESS, have high energy and low power specifications for use in EVs. Another candidate for EV's ESS is ultra-capacitor (UC). The ultra-capacitors have very low energy and high power specifications. In recent years, some designs have been proposed to combine batteries and ultra-capacitors to develop a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with high energy and high power specifications. In this kind of ESS, the power fluctuation of the battery is reduced and the life of the battery is increased. In this study, the behavior of a heavy duty EV with an ESS is compared with a HESS one. This comparison is done in 5 different driving cycles which have different level of aggressiveness. The results show that the vehicle performance, the energy saving characteristics and the battery life criteria improvement values are related to the aggressiveness characteristics of driving cycles.
History of Pediatric Nutrition and Fluid Therapy

This is the seventh article in our series on the history of pediatric specialties. Drs. Kleinman and Barness describe the history of artificial feeding, discoveries of micronutrients, definition of nutritional requirements and the affirmation of human breast milk as the ideal infant feeding. Dr. Finberg describes the studies of electrolyte metabolism and effective fluid therapy, which has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the mortality of diarrheal disease. These are great stories of major contributions from Pediatrics.
High doping effects on in-situ Ohmic contacts to n-InAs

We present the effect of active carrier concentration on the specific contact resistivity (ρ<inf>c</inf>) of in-situ molybdenum (Mo) Ohmic contacts to n-type InAs. It is observed that, although the Fermi level pins in the conduction band for InAs, the contact resistivity decreases with the increase in InAs active carrier concentration. The lowest ρ<inf>c</inf> obtained through transmission line model measurements was (0.6±0.4)×10<sup>−8</sup> Ω-cm<sup>2</sup> for samples with 8.2×10<sup>19</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> active carrier concentration. The contacts were found to remain stable on annealing at 250 °C for 1 hour.
Application of patient-reported outcomes in clinical evaluation of acupuncture for cervical spondylosis with artificial neural network

Cervical spondylosis (CS) is a disease caused by nonspecific degenerative disorders, therefore it requires high demands for diagnosis due to its diversity and complexity. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) assessment techniques are on the foundation of psychometrics, which obtain patients' own feelings about daily life, health, subjective satisfaction with treatment and other aspects of personal experience through interviews, questionnaires and other forms of self-assessment. This paper explores the applicability of patient-reported outcomes for clinical evaluation of therapeutic effect of acupuncture for CS and attempts to establish a clinical outcome evaluation model consequently. We introduce SF-36 life quality questionnaire as the main index and visual analogue scale (VAS) as reference index, observe 162 cases as experimental data from a multi-center randomized controlled trial (RCT) on acupuncture for neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis, among others, 150 cases finished the whole course. During the initial phases of study, to verify whether PRO technique is suitable to evaluate the effect of acupuncture for CS, we apply some statistical methods in reliability analysis, validity analysis and responsiveness analysis at different measure times, that is, pre-treatment, post-treatment and during follow-up. The results of reliability analysis show that the Cronbach's statistic alpha of whole scale is 0.834 and that of the standardized items is 0.872. The results of validity analysis shows that 8 common factors selected from SF-36 have an accumulative variance contribution rate of 75.621%, which are represented as physical function (PF), role-physical (RP), general health (GH), mental health (MH), vitality (VT), role-emotion (RE), bodily pain (BP), and society function (SF) respectively. The results of the responsiveness analysis show that except mental health, SF-36 scores at the end of treatment, one month and 3 months after the follow-up differed from those before treatment (P<;0.05). In the further study, we employ three-layer, feed forward neural networks with a back propagation algorithm for the evaluation of acupuncture for CS on the basis of features that were extracted from SF-36. Consequently, the comprehensive assessment model for therapeutic effect of acupuncture for CS based on ANN has good performance with learning precision 96.88%. In general, the experimental results indicate that the PRO techniques have good applicability to the evaluation of therapeutic effect of acupuncture for CS and artificial neural network can offer a feasible approach to the comprehensive assessment as well.
Italian Access to the Atlantic During the Development of Long-Distance Oceanic Trade

This paper aims to provide historical background on a tacit assumption made in Acemoglu, Johnson and Robinson’s article, “The Rise of Europe: Atlantic Trade, Institutional Change, and Economic Growth. ” (2005) They build a model explaining the growth of Western Europe based on a country’s potential for Atlantic trade between 1500 and 1850. They assign a value of zero to Italy’s potential for Atlantic trade. This paper explores the justification of this by assessing the degree to which Italy had access to Atlantic trade throughout this period. The paper also aims to explain why Italy in fact did not participate in transoceanic trade even though this trade was controlled by Italian republics for centuries prior to the opening of the Cape Route.
Transluminal angioplasty of isolated crural arterial lesions in diabetics with critical limb ischemia.

BACKGROUND We investigated the long-term clinical results of transluminal angioplasty of isolated infrapopliteal arteries in diabetic patients with severe ischaemic foot lesions and the influence of different parameters on primary success, the long-term outcome and the survival rate. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between January 2001 and May 2004 we performed 50 transluminal angioplasties in 52 (10 female, 42 male, mean age 69.3 years) diabetics with isolated lesions of crural arteries (tibio-peroneal trunk 41, anterior tibial 13, posterior tibial 5, peroneal artery 14) and limb threatening ischaemia (rest pain 12, tissue loss 40). In two patients the dilatation could not be performed due to vessel perforation and impossibility to catheter localization. The morphological classification of infrapopliteal lesions was determined according to guidelines provided by TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) (17 type A, 16 type B, 13 type C, 4 type D). RESULTS Initial technical success after angioplasty of crural arteries could be obtained in 96%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a cumulative limb salvage of 92%, 85% and 68,9% after 6 months, one and two years, respectively. Patients falling in TASC group C had significantly higher risk of amputation. Overall survival at I year was calculated at 85% and at 2 years at 65%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that depending on the extent of lesions transluminal angioplasty of infrapopliteal artery stenoses and occlusions is considered as an effective and save therapy modality to avoid limb loss in diabetics with critical ischemia.
High-Performance Routing in Networks of Workstations with Irregular Topology

Networks of workstations are rapidly emerging as a cost-effective alternative to parallel computers. Switch-based interconnects with irregular topology allow the wiring flexibility, scalability, and incremental expansion capability required in this environment. However, the irregularity also makes routing and deadlock avoidance on such systems quite complicated. In current proposals, many messages are routed following nonminimal paths, increasing latency and wasting resources. In this paper, we propose two general methodologies for the design of adaptive routing algorithms for networks with irregular topology. Routing algorithms designed according to these methodologies allow messages to follow minimal paths in most cases, reducing message latency and increasing network throughput. As an example of application, we propose two adaptive routing algorithms for ANI (previously known as Autonet). They can be implemented either by duplicating physical channels or by splitting each physical channel into two virtual channels. In the former case, the implementation does not require a new switch design. It only requires changing the routing tables and adding links in parallel with existing ones, taking advantage of spare switch ports. In the latter case, a new switch design is required, but the network topology is not changed. Evaluation results for several different tapologies and message distributions show that the new routing algorithms are able to increase throughput for random traffic by a factor of up to 4 with respect to the original up*/down* algorithm, also reducing latency significantly. For other message distributions, throughput is increased more than seven times. We also show that most of the improvement comes from the use of minimal routing.
BdCIPK31, a Calcineurin B-Like Protein-Interacting Protein Kinase, Regulates Plant Response to Drought and Salt Stress

Calcineurin B-like protein interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) are vital elements in plant abiotic stress signaling pathways. However, the functional mechanism of CIPKs has not been understood clearly, especially in Brachypodium distachyon, a new monocot model plant. In this study, BdCIPK31, a CIPK gene from B. distachyon was characterized. BdCIPK31 was downregulated by polyethylene glycol, NaCl, H2O2, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing BdCIPK31 presented improved drought and salt tolerance, and displayed hypersensitive response to exogenous ABA. Further investigations revealed that BdCIPK31 functioned positively in ABA-mediated stomatal closure, and transgenic tobacco exhibited reduced water loss under dehydration conditions compared with the controls. BdCIPK31 also affected Na+/K+ homeostasis and root K+ loss, which contributed to maintain intracellular ion homeostasis under salt conditions. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system and osmolyte accumulation were enhanced by BdCIPK31 overexpression, which were conducive for alleviating oxidative and osmotic damages. Additionally, overexpression of BdCIPK31 could elevate several stress-associated gene expressions under stress conditions. In conclusion, BdCIPK31 functions positively to drought and salt stress through ABA signaling pathway. Overexpressing BdCIPK31 functions in stomatal closure, ion homeostasis, ROS scavenging, osmolyte biosynthesis, and transcriptional regulation of stress-related genes.
An Optimal Standard-Compliant MIMO Scheduler for LTE Downlink

Frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) problem is one of the crucial elements in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) system, which has a tremendous impact on the LTE system performance. However, optimal resource allocation through FDPS is a complicated and challenging task when multiple input and multiple output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology is adopted. In this paper, we propose a new FDPS scheme for the 3GPP LTE downlink channels that optimally assigns time-frequency resources to users based on the proportional fairness metric. The proposed scheme jointly considers multiple system constraints imposed by the 3GPP LTE standard that arise in the MIMO mode selection and modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection. Such scheduling problem is considered to be among the most difficult optimization problems. Our major contribution in this paper is that we model the FDPS problem as a unique binary linear programming problem and prove that the problem is totally unimodular. With the total unimodularity property, we are able to solve the complicated FDPS problem using efficient linear programming problem solvers. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the existing state-of-the-art MIMO proportional fair scheduling algorithms used in the FDPS problem.
Iterative Time-Domain-Based Sparse Channel Estimation for IEEE 802.22

This letter proposes an iterative algorithm for sparse channel estimation for IEEE 802.22-based communication system in time-domain. The proposed algorithm initially estimates the active channel taps with the help of cross-correlation of received signal and transmitted preamble. Then an iterative algorithm comprised of adaptive thresholding and least mean square is used in time domain for sparse channel estimation. A modified Wiener filter for sparse channel is used to validate the mean square error performance of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results for various standardized sparse channel models show robustness of the proposed algorithm over others.
An Investigation of the Effects of Late-Onset Dietary Restriction on Prostate Cancer Development in the TRAMP Mouse

In our previous work we showed that dietary restriction initiated at puberty reduced prostate cancer development in the TRAMP mouse model. The current study was conducted to ascertain whether a dietary restriction regime would similarly reduce lesion development if imposed once tumor development was well established. Male TRAMP mice were maintained on an ad libitum diet until 20 weeks of age when proliferative prostate lesions are clearly evident. Mice were then subjected to a 20% restriction in dietary calories compared to matched controls, which were continued on ad libitum feeding. Mice were sacrificed at 20, 24, 32, and 39 weeks of age and proliferative epithelial lesions of the prostate were assessed using an established grading scheme. In this study, although dietary restriction reduced mean sex pluck weight (prostate and seminal vesicles), and mean grade of epithelial proliferative lesions in the dorsal and lateral lobes of the prostate, the effect was not as pronounced as was the case with dietary restriction from puberty. There was no relationship between serum insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and prostate lesion grade. Additionally, we also report the relationship between lobe specific lesion development and SV40 immunostaining and, the occurance of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in the ventral prostate and urethra of the TRAMP mouse. NETs stained with high specificity and sensitivity for the neuroendocrine markers, synaptophysin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE), less for serotonin, but not for chromogranin A. NETs did not stain for cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) nor androgen receptor (AR). SV40 positive tubulo-acinar tumors seen occasionally in the kidney, did not stain for synaptophysin nor NSE.
Pleiotropic and Epistatic Behavior of a Ring-Hydroxylating Oxygenase System in the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolic Network from Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1

ABSTRACT Despite the considerable knowledge of bacterial high-molecular-weight (HMW) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolism, the key enzyme(s) and its pleiotropic and epistatic behavior(s) responsible for low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs in HMW PAH-metabolic networks remain poorly understood. In this study, a phenotype-based strategy, coupled with a spray plate method, selected a Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 mutant (6G11) that degrades HMW PAHs but not LMW PAHs. Sequence analysis determined that the mutant was defective in pdoA2, encoding an aromatic ring-hydroxylating oxygenase (RHO). A series of metabolic comparisons using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the mutant had a lower rate of degradation of fluorene, anthracene, and pyrene. Unlike the wild type, the mutant did not produce a color change in culture media containing fluorene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene. An Escherichia coli expression experiment confirmed the ability of the Pdo system to oxidize biphenyl, the LMW PAHs naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluorene, and the HMW PAHs pyrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene, with the highest enzymatic activity directed toward three-ring PAHs. Structure analysis and PAH substrate docking simulations of the Pdo substrate-binding pocket rationalized the experimentally observed metabolic versatility on a molecular scale. Using information obtained in this study and from previous work, we constructed an RHO-centric functional map, allowing pleiotropic and epistatic enzymatic explanation of PAH metabolism. Taking the findings together, the Pdo system is an RHO system with the pleiotropic responsibility of LMW PAH-centric hydroxylation, and its epistatic functional contribution is also crucial for the metabolic quality and quantity of the PAH-MN.
Evaluating Digital Peer Support for Children Cured from Cancer

ABSTRACT This article describes a case study of the challenges that emerged from a formative evaluation process with the purpose of evaluating a digital peer support (DPS) service for children between 8 and 12 cured from cancer. The evaluation of DPS for children is particularly challenging. While the literature on evaluation with children is extensive, challenges such as risk assessment that become prevalent in the evaluation of DPS are not highlighted. This case study analyzes how the DPS service was evaluated over the course of two usability tests, a two-week diary study, a focus group interview, and a survey. Challenges relating to ethics, trust, risk assessment, and recruitment emerged during the evaluation process. We identify key strategies to handle these challenges: progression, proxies, and reflection. Performing a multistage evaluation process with progressing sensitivity allowed control of some of the complexities of the context in order to balance the degree of the children’s involvement with the degree of sensitivity.
Modulation of Erythrocyte Membrane Mechanical Function by β-Spectrin Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation (*)

The mechanical properties of human erythrocyte membrane are largely regulated by submembranous protein skeleton whose principal components are α- and β-spectrin, actin, protein 4.1, adducin, and dematin. All of these proteins, except for actin, are phosphorylated by various kinases present in the erythrocyte. In vitro studies with purified skeletal proteins and various kinases has shown that while phosphorylation of these proteins can modify some of the binary and ternary protein interactions, it has no effect on certain other interactions between these proteins. Most importantly, at present there is no direct evidence that phosphorylation of skeletal protein(s) alters the function of the intact membrane. To explore this critical issue, we have developed experimental strategies to determine the functional consequences of phosphorylation of βspectrin on mechanical properties of intact erythrocyte membrane. We have been able to document that membrane mechanical stability is exquisitely regulated by phosphorylation of β-spectrin by membrane-bound casein kinase I. Increased phosphorylation of β-spectrin decreases membrane mechanical stability while decreased phosphorylation increases membrane mechanical stability. Our data for the first time demonstrate that phosphorylation of a skeletal protein in situ can modulate physiological function of native erythrocyte membrane.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Molecular Subsets of Mantle Cell Lymphoma De fi ned by the IGHV Mutational Status and SOX 11 Expression Have Distinct Biologic and Clinical Features

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogeneous disease with most patients following an aggressive clinical course, whereas others having an indolent behavior. We conducted an integrative and multidisciplinary analysis of 177 MCL to determine whether the immunogenetic features of the clonotypic B-cell receptors (BcR) may identify different subsets of tumors. Truly unmutated (100% identity) IGHV genes were found in 24% cases, 40% were minimally/borderline mutated (99.9%–97%), 19% significantly mutated (96.9%–95%), and 17% hypermutated (<95%). Tumors with high or low mutational load used different IGHV genes, and their gene expression profiles were also different for several gene pathways. A gene set enrichment analysis showed that MCLwith high and low IGHV mutations were enriched in memory and naive B-cell signatures, respectively. Furthermore, the highly mutated tumors had less genomic complexity, were preferentially SOX11-negative, and showed more frequent nonnodal disease. The best cut-off of germline identity of IGHV genes to predict survival was 97%. Patients with high and low mutational load had significant different outcome with 5-year overall survival (OS) of 59% and 40%, respectively (P 1⁄4 0.004). Nodal presentation and SOX11 expression also predicted for poor OS. In a multivariate analysis, IGHV gene status and SOX11 expression were independent risk factors. In conclusion, these observations suggest the idea that MCL with mutated IGHV, SOX11-negativity, and nonnodal presentation correspond to a subtype of the disease with more indolent behavior. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5307–16. 2012