Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The FOMC in 1995: a step closer to inflation targeting?

In the course of the Committee’s discussion of its monetary growth ranges, members commented on the failure of the monetary aggregates to provide a reliable nominal anchor for the conduct of monetary policy in recent years. Moreover, the restoration of historic relationships, or the emergence of new but stable relationships, between money growth and measures of progress toward broad economic objectives could not be predicted with any degree of confidence. Some members expressed the view that in these circumstances the Committee needed to continue to look at potential alternative approaches to guide the formulation of policy and to communicate its intentions to the public, especially with respect to the Committee’s objective of promoting price stability over time. Minutes of the FOMC meeting, July 5–6, 1995, pp. 19–20.
A simple formulation of microtubuie dynamics : quantitative implications of the dynamic instability of microtubuie populations in vivo and in vitro

A simple formulation of microtubuie dynamic instability is presented, which is based on the experimental observations by T. Horio and H. Hotani of coexisting, interconverting growing and shrinking microtubules. Employing only three independent, experimentally determined parameters for a given microtubuie end, this treatment accounts quantitatively for the principal features of the observed dynamic behaviour of steady-state tubulin micro-tubules in vitro. Experimental data are readily reproduced for microtubuie length redistribution, and for the kinetics of tubulin exchange processes, including pulse-chase properties. The relative importance of dynamic incorporation and that due to treadmilling are assessed. Dynamic incorporation is found to dominate the overall exchange properties ; polarized incorporation due to treadmilling generally becomes significant only when the dynamics are largely suppressed. This treatment also permits simulation of certain cellular phenomena, showing how microtubuie re-nucleation can control microtubuie growth, by means of changes in microtubuie number concentration in a system at constant microtubuie mass. A relatively simple extension of the formulation accounts quantitatively for non-steady-state micro-tubuie properties, e.g. dilution-induced rapid disas-sembly and the oscillatory mode of microtubuie assembly. The principles relating dynamic instability and oscillatory behaviour are clearly indicated. Possible mechanisms of the switching of microtubules are briefly discussed.
Average Quasar Spectra in the Context of Eigenvector 1

Recent work has shown that it is possible to systematize quasar spectral diversity in a parameter space called "Eigenvector 1" (E1). We present median active galactic nucleus (AGN) spectra for fixed regions of the E1 (optical) parameter space [FWHM(Hβ) vs. equivalent width ratio R = W(Fe II λ4570)/W(Hβ)]. Comparison of the median spectra shows considerable differences. We suggest that an E1-driven approach to median/average spectra emphasizes significant differences between AGNs and offers more insights into AGN physics than a single-population median/average spectrum derived from a large and heterogeneous sample of sources. We find that the Hβ broad component line profile changes along the E1 sequence in FWHM, centroid shift, and profile asymmetry. While objects with FWHM(HβBC) ≲ 4000 km s-1 are well fitted by a Lorentz function, AGNs with FWHM(HβBC) ≳ 4000 km s-1 are better fitted if two broad-line components are used: a "classical" broad-line component and a very broad/redshifted component.
CPRG Paper 7 Coastal Processes Research Group School of Marine Science and Engineering University of Plymouth Drake Circus PLYMOUTH , PL 4 8 AA United Kingdom

This paper presents the results of a laboratory experiment of swash hydrodynamics on a coarse sand barrier beach backed by a lagoon. Boundary layer dynamics have been analyzed using the high-resolution near-bed velocities measured by Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profilers deployed in the swash zone. Swash events have been ensemble-averaged in order to study mean hydrodynamic patterns. A proposed velocity gradient criterion allowed identification of the boundary layer growth during the backwash phase but it was unable to characterize boundary layer variability during uprush. Cross-shore velocity profiles were well represented by the logarithmic model for a large portion of the ensemble-averaged swash duration. Uprush and backwash logarithmicestimated friction factors were of the same order of magnitude with a strong variability related to the boundary layer growth during the backwash. The momentum integral method provided smaller bed shear stresses than the logarithmic model, a result possibly related to either the assumptions involved in the momentum integral method or to an underestimation of the boundary layer thickness during uprush. A decrease of friction coefficients for increasing Reynolds numbers at the early backwash was observed. This behaviour is consistent with traditional results for steady and uniform flows in a transitional regime. Email address: andrea.ruju@plymouth.ac. uk (Andrea Ruju) Authors version of: “Ruju, A. , Conley, D.C., Masselink, G. , Austin, M. , Puleo, J., Preprint accepted by Coastal Engineering December 14, 2015
Developing population models for informing the sustainable management of the Murray spiny crayfish ( Euastacus armatus ) and the Glenelg spiny crayfish ( E . bispinosus ) in

Population models can be a useful tool for identifying knowledge gaps to guide future research, ranking different management scenarios, and assessing the risk of extinction and conservation status of a target species. The process involves specifying a set of rules based on the life history of the species that govern how the number and distribution of individuals within the population change over time.
FIFO WiDOM: Timely control over wireless links

We present the idea of scheduling a control network in a first-come first-serve manner, and demonstrate a way to implement this over a wireless link. This achieves realtime guarantees and tightly bounded jitter for control applications. Further, how to design systems using this network is discussed, and the benefits compared to a standard priority MAC protocol are examined through simulations and a prototype implementation. The prototype is implemented using the reactive Timber programming model on a lightweight 8-bit platform.
The Moderator Role of Caffeine Intake in Adolescents’ Sleep and Health Behaviors

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among excessive daytime sleepiness, family sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and health behaviors, as well as the role of caffeine intake as a moderator. The study included a sample of 272 adolescents that answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Family Sleep Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Modified Excessive Sleepiness Scale, and the Health Behavior Questionnaire. The results revealed that higher caffeine intake was associated with worse sleep quality, worse family sleep behaviors, and fewer healthy behaviors. However, caffeine intake was not associated with excessive daytime sleepiness. In addition, worse sleep quality was associated with worse family sleep behaviors, excessive daytime sleepiness, and fewer healthy behaviors. Worse family sleep behaviors were associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and lower health behaviors. Finally, excessive daytime sleepiness was associated with fewer healthy behaviors. Caffeine intake was a moderator in the relationship between daytime sleepiness and health behaviors. Health professionals (i.e., pediatricians, psychologists, and teachers), when intervening on sleep quality and health behaviors, should assess the adolescent’s caffeine intake.
Interlaboratory Study Characterizing a Yeast Performance Standard for Benchmarking LC-MS Platform Performance*

Optimal performance of LC-MS/MS platforms is critical to generating high quality proteomics data. Although individual laboratories have developed quality control samples, there is no widely available performance standard of biological complexity (and associated reference data sets) for benchmarking of platform performance for analysis of complex biological proteomes across different laboratories in the community. Individual preparations of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome have been used extensively by laboratories in the proteomics community to characterize LC-MS platform performance. The yeast proteome is uniquely attractive as a performance standard because it is the most extensively characterized complex biological proteome and the only one associated with several large scale studies estimating the abundance of all detectable proteins. In this study, we describe a standard operating protocol for large scale production of the yeast performance standard and offer aliquots to the community through the National Institute of Standards and Technology where the yeast proteome is under development as a certified reference material to meet the long term needs of the community. Using a series of metrics that characterize LC-MS performance, we provide a reference data set demonstrating typical performance of commonly used ion trap instrument platforms in expert laboratories; the results provide a basis for laboratories to benchmark their own performance, to improve upon current methods, and to evaluate new technologies. Additionally, we demonstrate how the yeast reference, spiked with human proteins, can be used to benchmark the power of proteomics platforms for detection of differentially expressed proteins at different levels of concentration in a complex matrix, thereby providing a metric to evaluate and minimize preanalytical and analytical variation in comparative proteomics experiments.
Forskningsetik i praksis, når sorgramte børn inkluderes i kvalitativ forskning

Forskningsetiske refleksioner er en obligatorisk del af videnskabelig forskning. Nationale og internationale forskningskodeks tilbyder regelsæt samt principielle retningslinjer såsom ikke at gøre skade og at indhente informeret samtykke, men hvordan omsættes det til praksis? Der argumenteres for, at etiske refleksioner har en saerlig karakter, når sorgramte børns viden og erfaringer inddrages i kvalitativ forskning. Artiklen præsenterer tre opmærksomhedspunkter, der kan supplere de forskningsetiske kodekser og vejlede forskere, som påbegynder undersøgelser med sorgramte børn. Artiklen diskuterer vigtigheden af at inkludere børneperspektiver på trods af de forskningsetiskeudfordringer, der kan opstå. Tre cases fra forfatternes egen forskning, som omhandler børn berørt af livstruende sygdom og dødsfald, eksemplificerer, hvilke forskningsetiskeudfordringer man kan møde i praksis, og hvordan disse kan imødekommes.
Stored Procedures for Distributed XML Databases

Recent studies have investigated standard XML query languages in distributed XML databases. However, many applications require functionality that goes far beyond the standard query facility, requiring application-specific aggregates, predicates, and states. This paper studies a stored procedure mechanism to provide such extensibility in the distributed environments. The major challenge is to achieve ease of programming and efficient distributed execution for arbitrary application-provided code. We propose a novel solution that consists of two components. For several common data use patterns, a stored function component supports automatic distribution of application code and ease of programming. For more specialized data use patterns, a stored query component allows application developers to guide the distribution of their code, while hiding all the details of physical locations and network communications. Experimental results on both an in-house cluster and a 192 node worldwide deployment demonstrate the dramatic performance benefits of our solution.
Multicolor Photometry of the 2001 Superoutburst of WZ Sagittae

We present the results of U‐band and multicolor photometry during the 2001 superoutburst of WZ Sge. Our 10 nights of U‐band photometry span the time interval from HJD 2,452,118 to 2,452,197, while our multicolor observations range from HJD 2,452,115 to 2,452,197. The U‐band light curves are generally in agreement with other data sets obtained during the superoutburst, showing highly modulated light early on, rebrightenings, and superhumps of similar shape and period (except during the rebrightening peak). One of our multicolor data sets fortuitously covers the first rebrightening and allows determination of the accretion disk color temperature before, during, and after the event. It is seen that the rebrightening is a change from a neutral disk (T∼7000 K) to an ionized disk (T∼10,000 K) and back again. We develop a simple limit cycle model for this behavior that approximately predicts the semiperiodic timescale observed for the rebrightenings. We discuss our results in relation to accretion disk structure during superoutburst.
A Simple and Efficient Data Hiding Scheme Suitable for Low Power Computation Environments

The wet paper codes method provides a good data embedding technique for secret data delivery. The WPC method applies matrix multiplications to determine modification locations in order to conceal secret data into a cover image. However, the WPC method is not suitable for low power computation environments. The proposed method applies pixel segmentation and exclusive-OR operation to achieve the goal of secret data delivery with lower computation cost than WPC's method. The recipient can successfully extract secret data from a stego image without knowing the locations of modified pixels. The experimental results show that the proposed method has larger embedding capacity than the WPC method with good visual quality.
Are you an invited speaker? A bibliometric analysis of elite groups for scholarly events in bioinformatics

Participating in scholarly events (e.g., conferences, workshops , etc.) as an elite-group member such as an organizing committee chair or member, program committee chair or member, session chair, invited speaker, or award winner is beneficial to a researcher's career development. The objective of this study is to investigate whether elite-group membership for scholarly events is representative of scholars' prominence, and which elite group is the most prestigious. We collected data about 15 global (excluding regional) bioinformatics scholarly events held in 2007. We sampled (via stratified random sampling) participants from elite groups in each event. Then, bib-liometric indicators (total citations and h index) of seven elite groups and a non-elite group, consisting of authors who submitted at least one paper to an event but were not included in any elite group, were observed using the Scopus Citation Tracker. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to examine the differences among the eight groups. Multiple comparison tests (Dwass, Steel, Critchlow–Fligner) were conducted as follow-up procedures. The experimental results reveal that scholars in an elite group have better performance in bibliometric indicators than do others. Among the elite groups, the invited speaker group has statistically significantly the best performance while the other elite-group types are not significantly distinguishable. From this analysis , we confirm that elite-group membership in scholarly events, at least in the field of bioinformatics, can be utilized as an alternative marker for a scholar's prominence , with invited speaker being the most important prominence indicator among the elite groups. Introduction In considering performance of a scholar, which of his or her scholarly activities should be measured as representative of performance? Numerous studies (covered in the Background section) have drawn upon different factors such as citation ratios and editorial board membership. These studies have presented factors that may be considered in scholar evaluation, but it would be hard to claim that they have provided comprehensive lists of evaluation measurements. This article aims not to provide such lists but to add to the current practices an alternative metric that complements existing performance measures to give a more comprehensive picture of scholars' performance. By one definition (Jeong, 2008), a scholarly event is " a sequentially and spatially organized collection of schol-ars' interactions with the intention of delivering and sharing knowledge, exchanging research ideas, and performing related activities. " As such, scholarly events are communication channels from which our new evaluation tool can draw its supporting …
Human-robot collaborative manipulation through imitation and reinforcement learning

This paper proposes a two-phase learning framework for human-robot collaborative manipulation tasks. A table-lifting task performed jointly by a human and a humanoid robot is considered. In order to perform the task, the robot should learn to hold the table at a suitable position and then perform the lifting task cooperatively with the human. Accordingly, learning is split into two phases. The first phase enables the robot to reach out and hold one end of the table. A Programming by Demonstration (PbD) algorithm based on GMM/GMR is used to accomplish this. In the second phase the robot switches its role to an agent learning to collaborate with the human on the task. A guided reinforcement learning algorithm is developed. Using the proposed framework, the robot can successfully learn to reach and hold the table and keep the table horizontal during lifting it up with human in a reasonable amount of time.
Lagrangians of Hypergraphs

How large can the Lagrangian of an r-graph with m edges be? Frankl and Füredi [1] conjectured that the r-graph of size m formed by taking the first m sets in the colex ordering of N(r) has the largest Lagrangian of all r-graphs of size m. We prove the first ‘interesting’ case of this conjecture, namely that the 3-graph with (t3) edges and largest Lagrangian is [t](3). We also prove that this conjecture is true for 3-graphs of several other sizes. For general r-graphs we prove a weaker result: for t sufficiently large, the r-graph of size (tr) supported on t + 1 vertices and with largest Lagrangian, is [t](r).
PID position domain control for contour tracking

Contour error reduction for modern machining processes is an important concern in multi-axis contour tracking applications in order to ensure the quality of final products. Many control methods were developed in time domain to deal with contour tracking problems, and a proportional–derivative (PD) position domain control (PDC) was also proposed by the authors. It is well known that proportional–integral–differential (PID) control is the most popular control in applications of control theory. In this paper, a PID PDC is proposed for reducing contour tracking errors and improving contour tracking performances. To determine proper control gains, system stability analysis is conducted for the proposed PDC. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the developed approach and are compared with the PID time domain control (TDC) and the cross-coupled control. Different control gains are used in the simulations to explore the robustness of PID PDC. Comparison results demonstrate the effectiveness and good contour performances of PID PDC for contour tracking applications.
Plimsoll : a DVS Algorithm Hierarchy

Finding a compromise between high performance and low power consumption has recently become important even in non-battery-operated systems. An increasing number of researchers have taken advantage of recent processors’ capabilities of scaling down frequency and the operating voltage of the CPU to obtain significant power savings. But previous efforts have aimed at policies tailor-made for specific kinds of workloads and most policies run the processor in a ”power management mode” where the performance of all the running processes is affected. In this paper, we present Plimsoll, a set of algorithms implemented as an extension to Linux ©. Plimsoll allows the performance degradation values to be set per-process and guarantees that degradation stays within the specified limit for that process, giving best-effort energy savings.
Basins of attraction in an evolutionary model of boundedly rational consumers

We consider a two-dimensional discrete dynamical system that de- scribes an evolutionary approach to the economic problem of consumers' demand under the assumption of bounded rationality. The adaptive process is obtained by the iteration of a nonlinear map of the plane characterized by the presence of a denominator that can vanish. Recent results on the global bifurcations of these kinds of maps are used to explain the structure of the basins of attraction. The equilibria of the dynamic model represent rational choices of the consumers, i.e. solutions of utility maximization problems under budget constraints. We derive conditions under which multiple steady states emerge, and the related question of the study of the basins of attraction and their global bifurcations is approached by using geometric and numerical methods.
Dust Destruction in Type Ia Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud

We present first results from an extensive survey of Magellanic Cloud supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Spitzer Space Telescope. We describe IRAC and MIPS imaging observations at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8, 24, and 70 μm of four Balmer-dominated Type Ia SNRs in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC): DEM L71 (0505-67.9), 0509-67.5, 0519-69.0, and 0548-70.4. None was detected in the four short-wavelength IRAC bands, but all four were clearly imaged at 24 μm, and two at 70 μm. A comparison of these images with Chandra broadband X-ray images shows a clear association with the blast wave, and not with internal X-ray emission associated with ejecta. Our observations are well described by one-dimensional shock models of collisionally heated dust emission, including grain size distributions appropriate for the LMC, grain heating by collisions with both ions and electrons, and sputtering of small grains. Model parameters are constrained by X-ray, optical, and far-ultraviolet observations. Our models can reproduce observed 70/24 μm flux ratios only by including sputtering, destroying most grains smaller than 0.03-0.04 μm in radius. We infer total dust masses swept up by the SNR blast waves, before sputtering, on the order of 10-2 M☉, several times less than those implied by a dust-to-gas mass ratio of 0.3% as often assumed for the LMC. Substantial dust destruction has implications for gas-phase abundances.
SPLITTINGS OF LATTICES OF THEORIES AND UNIFICATION TYPES

A bst r a c t . We show that the lattice of all theories extending the equational theory of Heyting algebras is split into two parts, “upper” and “lower” . Such a splitting is related to unification types: the upper part contains all theories having unitary unification type (and some of miliary type), the lower part contains all theories having finitary unification type (and some of nullary type, plus some with infinilary type, if there are such). The same splitting determines a limit between theories of construc­ tive (upper part) and lion-constructive (lower part) character. Similar results arc proved for the lattice of all theories extending the equational theory of interior algebras (or topological Boolean algebras).