Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tca1, the Retrotransposon-Like Element ofCandida albicans, Is a Degenerate and Inactive Element

ABSTRACT Candida albicans is an asexual fungus and as such must rely on mechanisms other than sexual recombination to generate genetic diversity. Retrotransposons are ubiquitous genetic elements known to generate multiple types of genomic alterations. We have further investigated the nature of the retrotransposon-like element Tca1 inC. albicans. Tca1 is present at two loci in strain SC5314. Both loci have now been cloned, and one element was sequenced in its entirety. This element was flanked by α elements, or long terminal repeats (LTRs), and contained an intervening region of 5,614 bp. The intervening region was highly degenerate and contained no extended open reading frames, indicating that Tca1 is not a functional element. Partial sequence determination demonstrated that the elements from the two loci were nearly identical. Genetic manipulation of the elements showed that both loci were heterozygous for Tca1, that both were transcriptionally active, and that deletion of both had no effect on growth rate or germ tube formation. Thus, it is unclear why this nonfunctional, highly degenerate element has been maintained in many clinical isolates.
Isolation of specific DNA fragments of Mycobacterium avium and their possible use in diagnosis

We cloned and sequenced two DNA fragments (DT1 and DT6) from Mycobacterium avium serotype 2 for use in the identification of members of the M. avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAC). Reference strains of MAC belonging to serovars 1 to 28 were examined by using these DNA fragments as probes. The study revealed that the DT6 probe hybridized with DNAs from M. avium strains (serovars 1 to 6, 8 to 11, and 21), while the DT1 probe hybridized with DNAs from serovars 2, 3, 7, 12 to 20, and 23 to 25. DT1- and DT6-derived oligonucleotides were selected for use as primers in a polymerase chain reaction test. Amplification of the DT1 and DT6 sequences may provide the basis for a rapid and reliable assay for the detection of mycobacteria belonging to MAC.
Analysing web-based malware behaviour through client honeypots

With an increase in the use of the internet, there has been a rise in the number of attacks on servers. These attacks can be successfully defended against using security technologies such as firewalls, IDS and anti-virus software, so attackers have developed new methods to spread their malicious code by using web pages, which can affect many more victims than the traditional approach. The attackers now use these websites to threaten users without the user’s knowledge or permission. The defence against such websites is less effective than traditional security products meaning the attackers have the advantage of being able to target a greater number of users. Malicious web pages attack users through their web browsers and the attack can occur even if the user only visits the web page; this type of attack is called a drive-by download attack. This dissertation explores how web-based attacks work and how users can be protected from this type of attack based on the behaviour of a remote web server. We propose a system that is based on the use of client Honeypot technology. The client Honeypot is able to scan malicious web pages based on their behaviour and can therefore work as an anomaly detection system. The proposed system has three main models: state machine, clustering and prediction models. All these three models work together in order to protect users from known and unknown web-based attacks. This research demonstrates the challenges faced by end users and how the attacker can easily target systems using drive-by download attacks. In this dissertation we discuss how the proposed system works and the research challenges that we are trying to solve, such as how to group web-based attacks into behaviour groups, how to avoid attempts at obfuscation used by attackers and how to predict future malicious behaviour for a given web-based attack based on its behaviour in real time. Finally, we have demonstrate how the proposed system will work by implementing a prototype application and conducting a number of experiments to show how we were able to model, cluster and predict web-based attacks based on their behaviour. The experiment data was collected randomly from online blacklist websites.
Knowledge Management and Innovation: Mapping the Use of Technology in Organizations

Nowadays it is generally recognized that technology has a not inconsiderable role in organizational knowledge management, inasmuch as it provides new forms for holding and exchanging information and knowledge in intra and inter-organizational contexts. The potential of technological means is therefore emphasized as tools supporting the various organizational processes related to knowledge, and questions arise concerning their comparative or relative relevance for increased innovation and creativity. In a sample of 1275 individuals belonging to 50 Portuguese organizations, the use of technology plays an important part in terms of the organizational processes related to knowledge management, but this is limited above all to those which are formally instituted and based on knowledge of a mainly explicit nature. In addition, this chapter highlights the importance of management of organizational processes related to tacit knowledge, which emerges essentially from processes of social and discursive interaction involving organizational actors.
Poly(A) Binding Protein C1 Is Essential for Efficient L1 Retrotransposition and Affects L1 RNP Formation

ABSTRACT Poly(A) binding proteins (PABPs) specifically bind the polyadenosine tail of mRNA and have been shown to be important for RNA polyadenylation, translation initiation, and mRNA stability. Using a modified L1 retrotransposition vector, we examined the effects of two PABPs (encoded by PABPN1 and PABPC1) on the retrotransposition activity of the L1 non-long-terminal-repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon in both HeLa and HEK293T cells. We demonstrated that knockdown of these two genes by RNA interference (RNAi) effectively reduced L1 retrotransposition by 70 to 80% without significantly changing L1 transcription or translation or the status of the poly(A) tail. We identified that both poly(A) binding proteins were associated with the L1 ribonucleoprotein complex, presumably through L1 mRNA. Depletion of PABPC1 caused a defect in L1 RNP formation. Knockdown of the PABPC1 inhibitor PAIP2 increased L1 retrotransposition up to 2-fold. Low levels of exogenous overexpression of PABPN1 and PABPC1 increased L1 retrotransposition, whereas unregulated overexpression of these two proteins caused pleiotropic effects, such as hypersensitivity to puromycin and decreased L1 activity. Our data suggest that PABPC1 is essential for the formation of L1 RNA-protein complexes and may play a role in L1 RNP translocation in the host cell.
Cloud computing adoption by SMEs in Australia.

This study aims to examine the important factors that influence SMEs’ adoption of cloud computing technology. The results showing that SMEs were influenced by factors related to advantaging their organizational capability rather than risk-related factors. The findings are useful to SMEs owners, Cloud service providers and government in establishing Cloud computing adoption strategies for SMEs.
A review on vision-based pedestrian detection in intelligent transportation systems

Pedestrians are key participants in transportation systems, so pedestrian detection in video surveillance systems is of great significance to the research and application of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). We review some methods and models for vision-based pedestrian detection in recent years. In this paper, the pedestrian detection techniques are divided into macroscopic and microscopic according to different application in transportation systems. Macroscopic pedestrian detection aims to estimate crowd density without distinguishing each pedestrian, and microscopic pedestrian detection focuses on detection and recognition of individual pedestrians. The latter detection style is deeply studied, so it is presented in detail in this paper, especially for the feature-classifier-based detection method. Finally, the pedestrian detection algorithms are discussed and concluded from the viewpoint of video surveillance and ITS. Existing problems and future trends are presented in that section.
Visual tracking based on cooperation of multiple attention regions

This paper describes a method for tracking moving objects with multiple cooperative visual attention regions. Each attention region is tracked using a sum of absolute difference (SAD) correlation technique. The method is based on an implementation of a transputer-based multi-processor vision system with a correlation processor. The vision system provides a large number of attention regions, each of which can be tracked using fast SAD correlation performed in an LSI MEP. We call these regions windows since the region resembles a clipped section of a whole view. On the top of the system, we built a software manager which facilitates program image processing, motion control of a window, and cooperation control of windows. The cooperation is achieved using constraints, which are tree-structured, between windows. Cooperation of multiple attention regions enables one to track route predictable objects, deformable objects, and structured objects in a natural scene. As examples, passing car tracking, human arm tracking, and finger action recognition are shown.
Synthesis of Nanowire-Shaped Silver by Polyol Process of Sodium Chloride

Nanowire-shaped silver have been synthesized by the polyol process in ethylene glycol as a reductant, poly- vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a stabilizer, using a microwave technique. The products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The presence of sodium chloride in the polyol reduction of silver nitrate facilitated the pro- duction of silver nanowires. These wires were formed quickly (in approximately 3 minutes microwave heating). It was found that morphologies and sizes of silver nanostructures depended strongly on such experimental parameters as concentrations of PVP, NaCl, AgNO3, and heating time. The chloride ion was necessary to synthesize nanowire-shaped silver, and the sodium chloride likely controlled the rate of silver(I) reduction and initial seed formation. Among all the nanowire materials, the synthesis of silver nanowires has been and continues to be an area of active research because of their wide applications in catalysts, scanning probes, and various kinds of electronic and photonic nanodevices. Microwave-polyol method is a promising route for rapid preparation of metallic nanomate- rials(1). When microwave was irradiated into the mixture of AgNO3/NaCl/PVP in ethylene glycol solution, anisotropic Ag nanarods and nanowires were produced preferentially. In this work, we examined the dependence of shape, size of silver nanostructures on such experimental parameters as concentrations of PVP, NaCl, AgNO3, and heating time. The changes of shapes and sizes of silver nanostructures were observed by using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Possible formation mechanism of nanorods, nanowires, spherical and cubic nanoparticles under microwave (MW) irradiation in the presence of sodium chloride was discussed.
IGBT Fault Protection Based on di/dt Feedback Control

Customer power modules built with the latest IGBT chips may be operated to their extreme conditions in terms of junction temperature, switching speed and voltage and current ratings. This is of particular advantageous in electric/hybrid vehicle applications where power density is a critical design factor. With IGBTs operated at extreme conditions the fault response time with a traditional IGBT fault protection approach, such as Vce sensing approach, may not be fast enough. This paper presents a circuit configuration to identify an IGBT fault current by means of measuring the induced voltage across the stray inductance between the IGBT Kelvin emitter and power emitter. Upon fault current detection a feedback control is introduced to dynamically control the di/dt of the fault current. Once the fault current is contained at a predetermined level, a slow turn off mechanism is deployed. The effectiveness of the proposed IGBT protection scheme was validated with customer power modules using Infineon 3rd generation IGBT chips rated at 600 V 1000 A for 100 kW electric drive systems used in fuel cell powered electric vehicles.
Differential Effect of Meta-Cognitive Strategy Use on Mathematics Achievement among College Juniors: Mediating Effects Of Mathematics and English Language Ability Self Beliefs

The basic notion of learner-centered approach, especially in science and mathematics (MOE-ESDP-IV, 2010), demands the inclusion of self-regulated learning strategies instilled in students as well as their teachers. Permitting and supporting educational context that students get freedom to develop and use own strategy [1] is also of necessity. The 70: 30 percent placement plans adopted in 2008/09 favoring for sciences & technology (S&T) (MoEESDP 2010) which mathematics is underlining to all needs knowledge of identifying contributing factors to its successful accomplishment in general mathematics results in particular. The strategies selected and used and, value that students have hold about their capability of the subject and the medium of instruction are important in achieving ones intrinsic goal [2]. Bandura’s concept of self efficacy is vital to students effective self regulated learning (which is also an earlier direction of Ethiopian education) and tied with healthy self esteem a beliefof capability that become instrumental to the goals they pursue. Similarly devising and using different problem solving and learning strategies are based on higher self efficacy in higher education where mostly students are self dependant than their earlier educational era. Students self efficacy in science-mathematics and English together with metacognitive use of mathematics have been critical issue in the field of educational psychology. They are linked to independent thinking and problem solving or to intelligence in general and enhanced academic performance [3,4].
The design of pulse sequences employing spatial presaturation for the suppression of flow artifacts

The use of spatial presaturation to suppress the signal, and therefore also the artifacts, from flowing blood has become an important tool in the arsenal of techniques to suppress pulsatile flow artifacts in magnetic resonance images. However, a detailed theoretical analysis of the behavior of these flow artifact suppression pulses and of the important aspects of implementing suppression pulses in combination with particular imaging sequences has yet to be presented. In this paper we present a general theoretical framework to describe the flow artifact suppression technique. This analysis addresses the following four major issues: (1) the spin washout characteristics of the imaging sequence, (2) the interference between the flow signal suppression pulses and the imaging sequence, (3) the flow velocity range for a single application of the suppression pulse, and (4) the total flow velocity range for a suppression pulse repeated with a constant time interval between applications of the pulse. The predictions of our theoretical model are confirmed by experimental measurements made with stationary and flow phantoms. The results of this investigation provide guidelines for the design of flow artifact suppression pulse sequences and, in addition, should aid in the future development and refinement of the spatial presaturation technique as applied to flow Signal Suppression. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
A Review of Key Factors Affecting Consumers' Adoption and Usage of Self-Service Technologies in the Tourism Sector

During the past ten years self-service technologies (SSTs) have attracted research attention especially in the banking, retail and airline sectors. The infusion of technology in the service encounter has been identified as being advantageous to both the service provider and the consumer, provided that SSTs gain adoption among consumers. In light of the importance of consumer participation in SSTs, this paper reviews the state of the SST adoption literature in an attempt to identify the most important influencing factors. Seven factors emerged as the ones of key research interest in the literature and they are discussed in more detail. These include risk, trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, technology readiness, preference for personal contact and demographic variables.
Knockout mice provide novel insights into meiotic chromosome and telomere dynamics

Meiosis is a succession of two specialized cell divisions that leads to the formation of gametes and thereby compensates for genome doubling at fertilization. During the extended prophase of the first meiotic division chromosomes assemble protein cores (axial elements) that attach their ends to the nuclear envelope. These ends transiently gather at a limited sector of the nuclear periphery (bouquet stage) at a time when meiotic recombination is initiated and when chromosomes initiate stable pairing (synapsis). This review discusses novel insights into the relation between recombinational DNA repair and meiotic telomere dynamics that have arrived from recent studies of transchromosomal mice and knockout mice. Analysis of mice deficient for A-type lamins, histone H2AX, Suv39h HMTases, and the AE protein SYCP3 suggests that entry into prophase I requires heterochromatin integrity and lamin A expression. Initiation of meiotic telomere clustering represents an early recombination-independent event in first meiotic prophase, while exit from the bouquet stage depends on signals that emanate from the progress of recombinational DNA repair as sensed by ATM kinase and relayed through histone H2AX.
Development of fuel cell hybrid electric city bus

The dual power source electric-electric hybrid city bus power system of fuel cell and power battery power has the characteristics of zero emission and good economy. In this paper, output performance and matching characteristics of electric-electric hybrid fuel cell city bus in different conditions are analyzed to study the energy management strategies of electric-electric hybrid power system in various conditions. Indicates that power battery can make the fuel cell work at a stable state, and the life time of the fuel cell can be significantly extended. Electric-electric hybrid power system is a good method for fuel cell city bus, and will play an important role in the fuel cell city bus in the future.
Vasopressin regulation of epithelial colonic proliferation and permeability is mediated by pericryptal platelet‐derived growth factor A

What is the central question of this study? Arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulates distal colonic crypt cell proliferation and permeability in vivo, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Our study addresses whether AVP is acting directly on myofibroblasts and enterocytes or by mechanisms involving local regulators, in an in vitro model using human myofibroblasts and enterocyte cell lines. What is the main finding and its importance? The effect of AVP in stimulating myofibroblast proliferation involves pericryptal platelet‐derived growth factor A, which mediates local effects by an autocrine loop and epithelial proliferation and permeability by a paracrine mechanism. These data highlight the role of growth factors as local mediators of systemic hormones.
Numerical Analysis of Mist-Cooled High Power Components in Cabinets

The heat dissipation capacity of air-cooled computing and telecommunications cabinets is limited by acoustic noise and fan reliability considerations. The present work quantifies the potential for thermal management of a sealed cabinet using an evaporating mist introduced upstream of the high-power electronic components. The proposed concept consists of droplets of mist being dispersed in the air flowing through a heat sink. The evaporated mist is condensed at the outlet of the circuit packs and recycled back to the inlet. The flow and heat-transfer characteristics of mist flows in a representative heat sink inside the cabinet are explored through numerical analysis of the coupled mass, momentum and energy transport equations for an evaporating two-phase mixture. The effect of droplet size and the mist loading fraction on the heat sink temperature reduction is computed and parametrically analyzed. The results reveal significant insights into the complex transport processes associated with mist flows. Mist cooling is shown to offer significant promise as a feasible thermal management solution for telecommunications cabinets and data centers.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Component-based robust face detection using AdaBoost and decision tree

We present a robust frontal face detection method that enables the identification of face positions in images by combining the results of a low-resolution whole face and individual face parts classifiers. Our approach is to use face parts information and change the identification strategy based on the results from individual face parts classifiers. These classifiers were implemented based on AdaBoost. Moreover, we propose a novel method based on a decision tree to improve performance of face detectors for occluded faces. The proposed decision tree method distinguishes partially occluded faces based on the results from the individual classifies. Preliminarily experiments on a test sample set containing non-occluded faces and occluded faces indicated that our method achieved better results than conventional methods. Actual experimental results containing general images also showed better results
3-Aminopyridinium trans-diaquadioxalatochromate(III)

In the structure of the title compound, (C5H7N2)[Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2], two crystallographically independent formula units are present. Both chromium atoms are six-coordinated in a distorted octahedral geometry by two chelating equatorial oxalato ligands and two axial water molecules. The [Cr(C2O4)2(H2O)2]− anions and C5H7N2 + cations are linked through a complex three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network consisting of N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O interactions.
Gender and Personal Finance Management

The chapter reviews gender related differences in saving and investment behavior and in debt management, and the major factors that have been identified in previous research as influencing the quality of financial decisions making, such as risk attitudes, financial literacy, confidence in financial knowledge and cognitive style. In addition, we analyze preliminary data from our laboratory studies on men and women’s management ofmultiple debt accounts. Based on our findings,we suggest possible mechanisms that drive gender similarities and differences in behavior.
Adaptive Transformer Thermal Overload Protection

This paper is based on a report of the same title, prepared by Working Group K3 of the Substation Protection Subcommittee of the Power System Relaying Committee of the Power Engineering Society of the IEEE. The paper begins with background information on the causes, measurement techniques, and consequences of overheating in mineral-oil-immersed power transformers. Then techniques for adaptive transformer thermal overload protection based on the real-time solution of the transient heating equations are presented. An adaptive overcurrent protection implementation, and the related functional requirements, are discussed. The equations of Clause 7 of the 1995 IEEE Guidefor Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers are used in the analysis, with a slight modification to allow for continuously varying ambient temperature.