Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pain and falls and fractures in community-dwelling older men.

BACKGROUND Pain may reduce stability and increase falls and subsequent fractures in older men. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between joint pain and any pain with falls, hip and non-spine fractures in older community-dwelling men. DESIGN A cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Analyses included 5,993 community-dwelling men aged ≥65 years from the MrOS cohort. MEASUREMENTS Pain at hip, knee and elsewhere (any) was assessed by self-report. Men reported falls via questionnaires mailed 3× per year during the year following the baseline visit. Fractures were verified centrally. Mean follow-up time for fractures was 9.7 (SD 3.1) years. Logistic regression models estimated likelihood of falls and proportional hazards models estimated risk of fractures. Models were adjusted for age, BMI, race, smoking, alcohol use, medications use, co-morbidities and arthritis; fracture models additionally adjusted for bone mineral density. RESULTS One quarter (25%, n = 1,519) reported ≥1 fall; 710 reported ≥2 falls in the year after baseline. In multivariate models, baseline pain at hip, knee or any pain increased likelihood of ≥1 fall and ≥2 falls over the following year. For example, knee pain increased likelihood of ≥1 fall (odds ratio, OR 1.44; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.25-1.65) and ≥2 falls (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.46-2.10). During follow-up, 936 (15.6%) men suffered a non-spine fracture (n = 217, 3.6% hip). In multivariate models, baseline pain was not associated with incident hip or non-spine fractures. CONCLUSIONS Any pain, knee pain and hip pain were each strong independent risk factors for falls in older men. Increased risk of falls did not translate into an increased risk of fractures.
Maternal Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence during Labour

Pregnancy inducesmaternal adaptations physiologically to meet the growing demands of the developing fetus. As pregnancy advances, due to increased oxygen demand, there is increased production of free radicals. Oxidative stress is induced in pregnancy due to more production of free radicals and less efficient antioxidant system. This process intensifiesduring labour and severely affects the maternal antioxidant reserve.The present study was aimed at quantifying the distinguishing changes that accompanies during labour with respect to oxidative stress. 20 healthy pregnant women without any complications were taken as study group and 13 age matched non-pregnant subjects were included as control group. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants such as reduced Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were estimated before and after delivery inplasma and hemolysate respectively using Spectrophotometric method. The results showed significantly elevatedplasma MDAlevels in study group before and after delivery when compared to the control group (p< 0.05). SOD and GSH levels were also significantly elevated before and after delivery when compared to that of controls (P<0.001, P<0.05). However, GPX level was significantly lower than in controls both before (P<0.01) and after delivery (P<0.05). There was also a significant correlation between GPX and maternal age (r= 0.016, P< 0.05). Other parameters like parity and duration of labour did not show any correlation with MDA and antioxidant enzymes. We conclude that oxidative stress occurs during labour and it can produce alterations in the maternal antioxidant system which can greatly influence the pregnancy outcome.
Important Plants for Honey Production in Four Agro Ecological Zones of Uganda

Introduction The diet of honey bees consists of protein-rich pollen and sugar-rich nectar collected separately or synchronously from flowers by foraging worker bees (Kajobe, 2006, 2007). These resources are collected in quantities that exceed colony demands and are stored for dearth periods. The nectar is converted into honey and pollen stored as bee bread (Anderson et al., 2014; Nicolson, 2011). While collecting nectar and pollen, bees deposit pollen from anthers to the stigma resulting in pollination and increased fruit set (Vidal, Jong, Wien, & Morse, 2010). In the USA, Morse and Calderone (2000) estimated the value of crop production achieved through pollination by honey bees alone at $14.6 billion. The value of honey production by bees in Africa is 169,306 tons (faostat.org 2013). Some plants have been observed to be heavily visited by the honey bees while others are less frequently visited (Bendifallah, Louadi, & Doumandji, 2013; Couvillon et al., 2015). Nectar and pollen resource depletion induced by prolonged wet seasons or overheating in the dry seasons is known to cause migration or absconding in African honey bees (Hepburn, 2006; Winston, Otis, & Taylor, 1978).
On the Zone Theorem for Hyperplane Arrangements

The zone theorem for an arrangement of n hyperplanes in d-dimensional real space says that the total number of faces bounding the cells intersected by another hyperplane is $O(n^{d - 1} )$. This result is the basis of a time-optimal incremental algorithm that constructs a hyperplane arrangement and has a host of other algorithmic and combinatorial applications. Unfortunately, the original proof of the zone theorem, for $d \geqslant 3$, turned out to contain a serious and irreparable error. This paper presents a new proof of the theorem. The proof is based on an inductive argument, which also applies in the case of pseudohyperplane arrangements. The fallacies of the old proof along with some ways of partially saving that approach are briefly discussed.
Cloud Computing: Pricing Model

Cloud computing is the elemental aspect for online security of computing resources. It helps on-demand dividing of resources and cost between a major number of end users. It provides end users to process, manage, and store data so fast with reasonable prices. This is significant to know the causes of embarrassment between clients in relation to cloud computing services, particularly when it comes to a new price method. The price presents an important element, an indicator that often shows the quality of services, but on the other hand, the salesman with its offer on services has an impact directly on clients’ decisions to use them. For both providers and users of cloud services, identifying the common factors in cloud services pricing is critical. In this paper will be shown various pricing model for cloud computing, and how they affect in different resources, their comparison, also the pricing model for two platforms: 1) Google Cloud Computing; and 2) Amazon Web Services.
A perfect-hashing scheme for fast IP lookup

IP lookup is widely performed in many network applications, including route lookup, packet classification and network monitoring. Hashing scheme is an important technology for it and can gain O(1) average memory access per lookup. But collisions exist in common hash scheme, which need multiple memory accesses, affecting the worst-case throughput critically. A perfect-hashing scheme was proposed. By combining Bloom Filter (BF) and Contend Addressable Memory (CAM) together, it eliminated collisions at a low price. Through a combination of analysis and simulations we show that this algorithm is significantly faster than common hash scheme in the worst case performance.
Joint Channel Estimation Based on Compressive Sensing for Multi-User Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems

With the number of transmit antennas increases largely in Massive MIMO systems, the training and feedback overhead for the acquisition of channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter becomes rather overwhelming. In order to solve the problem of huge overhead of channel estimation, this paper utilizes a new CSI estimation scheme and the hidden joint sparsity structure in multi-user channel impulse response vectors and thus proposes a joint channel estimation algorithm based on compressive sensing (CS) technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. In this scenario, after the base station transmits training signals to each user, the users directly send back the observed signals to the base station and then the joint CSI acquisition problem could be realized at the base station. Then, by using the distributed sparse property of Massive MIMO-OFDM systems, the recovery of the CSI of all users can be realized by the joint channel estimation algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve accurate CSI with lower overhead and complexity.
Unveiling movement uncertainty for robust trajectory similarity analysis

ABSTRACT Trajectory data analysis and mining require distance and similarity measures, and the quality of their results is directly related to those measures. Several similarity measures originally proposed for time-series were adapted to work with trajectory data, but these approaches were developed for well-behaved data that usually do not have the uncertainty and heterogeneity introduced by the sampling process to obtain trajectories. More recently, similarity measures were proposed specifically for trajectory data, but they rely on simplistic movement uncertainty representations, such as linear interpolation. In this article, we propose a new distance function, and a new similarity measure that uses an elliptical representation of trajectories, being more robust to the movement uncertainty caused by the sampling rate and the heterogeneity of this kind of data. Experiments using real data show that our proposal is more accurate and robust than related work.
The theoretical ideal fresh‐gas flow sequence at the start of low‐flow anaesthesia

A spreadsheet model of a circle breathing system and a 70‐kg anaesthetised ‘standard man’ has been used to simulate the first 20 min of low‐flow anaesthesia with halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane in oxygen. It is shown that, with the fresh‐gas flow set initially equal to the total ventilation and the fresh‐gas partial pressure to 3 MAC, the end‐expired partial pressure can be raised to 1 MAC in 1 min with desflurane and sevoflurane, 1.5 min with isoflurane, 2.5 min with enflurane and 4 min with halothane. Sequences of lower fresh‐gas flow and partial pressure settings are given for then maintaining 1 MAC end‐expired partial pressure, with a minimum usage of anaesthetic, e.g. 13 ml of liquid desflurane in 20 min (of which only 33% is taken up by the patient) if the minimum acceptable flow is 1 lmin−1, or 8 ml (with 57% in the patient) if the minimum is 250 mlmin−1.
Evaluation of New Trace Gas and Aerosol Modules in WRF-chem using Measurements from TexAQS 2000

1.0 INTRODUCTION Much progress has been made in modeling trace gases such as ozone and ozone precursors; however, relatively large uncertainties are still associated with urban, regional, and global-scale model predictions of aerosols (mass, size distribution, composition, physical characteristics, and optical properties) and aerosol direct and indirect forcing. A key step in improving the representation of particulates in global climate models is to first improve the performance of urban to regional scale models that can resolve many of the sub-grid scale processes a global climate model cannot. We have used the PNNL Eulerian Gas Phase and Aerosol Scalable Unified System, PEGASUS (Fast et al., 2002), over the past several years to investigate how local to regional-scale meteorological processes influence the evolution of oxidants and particulates. However, PEGASUS employs “off-line” coupling of meteorology with chemistry and aerosols so that feedback mechanisms cannot be simulated. In anticipation of the emerging scientific issues associated with the interaction of mega-city pollutant emissions, regional air-quality, and climate change, we have begun using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) community model as a framework to develop, evaluate, and improve aerosol parameterizations. In this study, we describe our on-going model development activities as well as preliminary results of coupled meteorologychemistry-aerosol predictions for an urban area.
Medipix3RX: Characterizing the Medipix3 Redesign With Synchrotron Radiation

The Medipix3RX is the latest version of the Medipix3 photon counting ASICs, which implements two new operational modes, with respect to the Medipix2 ASIC, aimed at eliminating charge shared events (referred to as Charge Summing Mode (CSM)) and at providing spectroscopic information (referred to as Colour Mode (CM)). The Medipix3RX is a redesign of the Medipix3v0 ASIC and corrects for the underperformance of CSM features observed in the previous version. This paper presents the results from synchrotron X-rays tests to evaluate the Medipix3RX ASIC performance. The newly implemented CSM algorithm eliminates the charge sharing effect at the same time as allocating the event to the readout pixel corresponding to the sensor pixel where the X-ray photon impinged. The new pixel trimming circuit led to a reduced dispersion between pixels. Further results of the linearity for all the gain modes, energy resolution and pixel uniformity are also presented.
Leakage power optimization for clock network using dual-Vth technology

Leakage power soars quickly as VLSI technology advance and supply voltage scaling, in the near future, it will exceed the dynamic power to become the main contributor of power dissipation. Previous methods on leakage power minimization always notice the negative effect of increasing the gate's threshold voltage Vth and the power reduction is obtained based on power and speed (or performance) tradeoff. However, increasing the gate's Vth could be used to adjust the subtrees' imbalance for a clock tree. In this paper, for a gated clock tree, we analyze the bottom up merging segment generation process and conclude the conditions for increasing the gate's Vth. Our idea is trying to assign high Vth to the gates without total wirelength and performance overheads, and in some cases, it could even be used to get more balanced subtrees. Experimental results on a set of ISCAS89 benchmark circuits demonstrate that our algorithm could assign more than half of the gates with high Vth, the resultant leakage power reduction is more than 43% without any total wirelength and delay penalties.
Efficient Active Novel Class Detection for Data Stream Classification

One substantial aspect of data stream classification is the possible appearance of novel unseen classes which must be identified in order to avoid confusion with existing classes. Detecting such new classes is omitted by most existing techniques and rarely addressed in the literature. We address this issue and propose an efficient method to identify novel class emergence in a multi-class data stream. The proposed method incrementally maintains a covered feature space of existing (known) classes. An incoming data point is designated as "insider" or "outsider" depending on whether it lies inside or outside the covered space area. An insider represents a possible instance of an existing class, while an outsider may be an instance of a possible novel class. The proposed method is able to iteratively select those insiders (resp. outsiders) that are more likely to be members of a novel (resp. an existing) class, and eventually distinguish the actual novel and existing classes accurately. We show how to actively query the labels of the identified novel class instances that are most uncertain. The method also allows us to balance between the rapidity of the novelty detection and its efficiency. Experiments using real world data prove the effectiveness of our approach for both the novel class detection and classification accuracy.
Key factors of teenagers' mobile advertising acceptance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse key drivers of teenagers' attitude toward mobile advertising and its effects on teenagers' mobile advertising acceptance.Design/methodology/approach – A proposed model of affective (irritation and entertainment) and cognitive (perceived usefulness) antecedents of attitude toward mobile advertising and its effects on mobile advertising acceptance is analysed. The sample consisted of 355 Spanish teenagers. The model was tested using structural equation modelling.Findings – Findings show that entertainment, irritation and usefulness are key drivers of teenagers' attitude toward mobile advertising. Moreover, perceived usefulness reduces irritation. The authors' model also suggests that improving teenagers' attitude toward mobile advertisements is a key factor for teenagers' mobile advertising acceptance.Practical implications – This research offers practical implications for marketing managers interested in targeting mobile advertising campaigns to teenagers.
Programming Amazon web services - S3, EC2, SQS, FPS, and SimpleDB: outsource your infrastructure

Building on the success of its storefront and fulfillment services, Amazon now allows businesses to 'rent' computing power, data storage and bandwidth on its vast network platform. This book demonstrates how developers working with small- to mid-sized companies can take advantage of Amazon Web Services (AWS) such as the Simple Storage Service (S3), Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), Simple Queue Service (SQS), Flexible Payments Service (FPS), and SimpleDB to build web-scale business applications. With AWS, Amazon offers a new paradigm for IT infrastructure: use what you need, as you need it, and pay as you go. "Programming Web Services" explains how you can access Amazon's open APIs to store and run applications, rather than spend precious time and resources building your own.With this book, you'll learn all the technical details you need to: store and retrieve any amount of data using application servers, unlimited data storage, and bandwidth with the Amazon S3 service; buy computing time using Amazon EC2's interface to requisition machines, load them with an application environment, manage access permissions, and run your image using as many or few systems as needed; use Amazon's web-scale messaging infrastructure to store messages as they travel between computers with Amazon SQS; leverage the Amazon FPS service to structure payment instructions and allow the movement of money between any two entities, humans or computers; and, create and store multiple data sets, query your data easily, and return the results using Amazon SimpleDB. Scale up or down at a moment's notice, using these services to employ as much time and space as you need. Whether you're starting a new online business, need to ramp up existing services, or require an offsite backup for your home, "Programming Web Services" gives you the background and the practical knowledge you need to start using AWS. Other books explain how to build web services. This book teaches businesses how to take make use of existing services from an established technology leader.
3C Protease of Enterovirus 68: Structure-Based Design of Michael Acceptor Inhibitors and Their Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Effects against Picornaviruses

ABSTRACT We have determined the cleavage specificity and the crystal structure of the 3C protease of enterovirus 68 (EV68 3Cpro). The protease exhibits a typical chymotrypsin fold with a Cys.His. Glu catalytic triad; its three-dimensional structure is closely related to that of the 3Cpro of rhinovirus 2, as well as to that of poliovirus. The phylogenetic position of the EV68 3Cpro between the corresponding enzymes of rhinoviruses on the one hand and classical enteroviruses on the other prompted us to use the crystal structure for the design of irreversible inhibitors, with the goal of discovering broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. We synthesized a series of peptidic α,β-unsaturated ethyl esters of increasing length and for each inhibitor candidate, we determined a crystal structure of its complex with the EV68 3Cpro, which served as the basis for the next design round. To exhibit inhibitory activity, compounds must span at least P3 to P1′; the most potent inhibitors comprise P4 to P1′. Inhibitory activities were found against the purified 3C protease of EV68, as well as with replicons for poliovirus and EV71 (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.5 μM for the best compound). Antiviral activities were determined using cell cultures infected with EV71, poliovirus, echovirus 11, and various rhinovirus serotypes. The most potent inhibitor, SG85, exhibited activity with EC50s of ≈180 nM against EV71 and ≈60 nM against human rhinovirus 14 in a live virus–cell-based assay. Even the shorter SG75, spanning only P3 to P1′, displayed significant activity (EC50 = 2 to 5 μM) against various rhinoviruses.
Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 and non‐Shiga‐toxigenic E. coli O157 respond differently to culture and isolation from naturally contaminated bovine faeces

Aim: To quantify the effect of enrichment, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and selective plating procedures on isolation of Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and non‐Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 (non‐STEC O157) from naturally contaminated bovine faeces.
Mutational Analysis of the Archaeal Tyrosine Recombinase SSV1 Integrase Suggests a Mechanism of DNA Cleavage in trans*

The only tyrosine recombinase so far studied in archaea, the SSV1 integrase, harbors several changes in the canonical residues forming the catalytic pocket of this family of recombinases. This raised the possibility of a different mechanism for archaeal tyrosine recombinase. The residues of IntSSV tentatively involved in catalysis were modified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the properties of the corresponding mutants were studied. The results show that all of the targeted residues are important for activity, suggesting that the archaeal integrase uses a mechanism similar to that of bacterial or eukaryotic tyrosine recombinases. In addition, we show that IntSSV exhibits a type IB topoisomerase activity because it is able to relax both positive and negative supercoils. Interestingly, in vitro complementation experiments between the inactive integrase mutant Y314F and all other inactive mutants restore in all cases enzymatic activity. This suggests that, as for the yeast Flp recombinase, the active site is assembled by the interaction of the tyrosine from one monomer with the other residues from another monomer. The shared active site paradigm of the eukaryotic Flp protein may therefore be extended to the archaeal tyrosine recombinase IntSSV.
A Bidirectional Promoter Connects the Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 2 (PARP-2) Gene to the Gene for RNase P RNA

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 2 (PARP-2) is a DNA damage-dependent enzyme that belongs to a growing family of enzymes seemingly involved in genome protection. To gain insight into the physiological role of PARP-2 and to investigate mechanisms ofPARP-2 gene regulation, we cloned and characterized the murine PARP-2 gene. The PARP-2 gene consists of 16 exons and 15 introns spanning about 13 kilobase pairs. Interestingly, the PARP-2 gene lies head to head with the gene encoding the mouse RNase P RNA subunit. The distance between the transcription start sites of the PARP-2 and RNase P RNA genes is 114 base pairs. This suggested that regulation of the expression of both genes may be coordinated through a bi-directional promoter. The PARP-2/RNase P RNA gene organization is conserved in the human. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a RNA polymerase II gene and an RNA polymerase III gene sharing the same promoter region and potentially the same transcriptional control elements. Reporter gene constructs showed that the 113-base pair intergenic region was indeed sufficient for the expression of both genes and revealed the importance of both the TATA and the DSE/Oct-1 expression control elements for the PARP-2 gene transcription. The expression of both genes is clearly independently regulated. PARP-2 is expressed only in certain tissues, and RNase P RNA is expressed in all tissues. This suggests that both genes may be subjected to multiple levels of control and may be regulated by different factors in different cellular contexts.