Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in UK patients with atrial fibrillation

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate, a new oral anticoagulant, versus warfarin and other alternatives for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in UK patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods A Markov model estimated the cost-effectiveness of dabigatran etexilate versus warfarin, aspirin or no therapy. Two patient cohorts with AF (starting age of <80 and ≥80 years) were considered separately, in line with the UK labelled indication. Modelled outcomes over a lifetime horizon included clinical events, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), total costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). Results Patients treated with dabigatran etexilate experienced fewer ischaemic strokes (3.74 dabigatran etexilate vs 3.97 warfarin) and fewer combined intracranial haemorrhages and haemorrhagic strokes (0.43 dabigatran etexilate vs 0.99 warfarin) per 100 patient-years. Larger differences were observed comparing dabigatran etexilate with aspirin or no therapy. For patients initiating treatment at ages <80 and ≥80 years, the ICERs for dabigatran etexilate were £4831 and £7090/QALY gained versus warfarin with a probability of cost-effectiveness at £20 000/QALY gained of 98% and 63%, respectively. For the patient cohort starting treatment at ages <80 years, the ICER versus aspirin was £3457/QALY gained and dabigatran etexilate was dominant (ie, was less costly and more effective) compared with no therapy. These results were robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions This economic evaluation suggests that the use of dabigatran etexilate as a first-line treatment for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism is likely to be cost-effective in eligible UK patients with AF.
Foldable augmented maps

This paper presents folded surface detection and tracking for augmented maps. For the detection, plane detection is iteratively applied to 2D correspondences between an input image and a reference plane because the folded surface is composed of multiple planes. In order to compute the exact folding line from the detected planes, the intersection line of the planes is computed from their positional relationship. After the detection is done, each plane is individually tracked by frame-by-frame descriptor update. For a natural augmentation on the folded surface, we overlay virtual geographic data on each detected plane. The user can interact with the geographic data by finger pointing because the finger tip of the user is also detected during the tracking. As scenario of use, some interactions on the folded surface are introduced. Experimental results show the accuracy and performance of folded surface detection for evaluating the effectiveness of our approach.
QoS for data relaying in hierarchical wireless sensor networks

In this paper we present and discuss several models for wireless sensor networks (\wsn s) where the focus is on selecting paths to relay data from sensors to the base station. We are concerned with high level protocols that assume complete knowledge of the local network topology at any node and rely on basic routines to address and forward packets from node to node. More precisely, for every sensor node that needs to send data to the base station, we want to select one or more routes involving perhaps several intermediate nodes along which data are sent. The route(s) are chosen to satisfy quality of service (QoS) requirements expressed by the maximum delay incurred by data from the moment they are captured by sensors to the moment they reach the base station.
Unexpected propagation in a ferrite-filled rectangular waveguide well below cutoff

The ferrite-filled, antisymmetrically-biased (Ferrite-FAB) rectangular waveguide (RWG), as illustrated in Fig. 1, has been shown to provide levels of phase shift that are significantly greater than those obtained using conventional rectangular waveguides loaded with either single-slab or dual-slabs of ferrite. At millimeter-wave frequencies the device can be conveniently manufactured using multilayer ceramic technology. For example, a 2mm wide, 35 GHz ferrite-FAB nonreciprocal phase shifter has been recently demonstrated, in which the entire device, including the waveguide and its bias windings, were embedded in low temperature cofired ferrite ceramic [1]-[2].
A Simple Method for Preoperative Assessment of the Best Fitting Electrode Length in Single Lead VDD Pacing

For single lead VDD pacing, electrodes with various distances between the lead tip and the floating atrial dipole (AV distance) are available. Using different AV distances allows positioning of the atrial dipole in the mid‐ to high right atrium, regardless of the size of the right heart. In this position, reliable atrial sensing and rejection of ventricular far‐field potentials can be expected. A simple test for the preoperative assessment of the best fitting AV distance in the individual patient was tested. We studied 24 consecutive patients prior to implantation of AVDD pacemaker. With the patient in supine position, a test electrode with an AV distance of 13 cm was taped onto the thorax. Under fluoroscopic control, it was moved until its course and projection onto the heart was equal to that of a ventricular lead. If fluoroscopy then showed a projection of the atrial dipole onto the mid‐ to high right atrium, a lead with a similar AV distance of 13 or 13.5 cm was used for implantation. If the atrial dipole projected itself too high or too low, a shorter or longer lead had to be implanted. The maximum time for the test was 2 minutes, and the maximum fluoroscopy time was 15 seconds. According to the test, a lead with an AV distance of 13 or 13.5 cm was implanted in 18 of 24 patients, and a lead with an AV distance of 15.5 or 16 cm was implanted in 6 of 24 patients. The atrial dipole could easily be positioned in the mid‐ to high right atrium in all patients, demonstrating a correct preoperative assessment of the best fitting AV distance. Intraoperatively, a P wave amplitude of 3.5 ± 3.0 mV was measured. The described test allows a fast and reliable assessment of the best fitting electrode length in single lead VDD pacing.
Beyond Softnet

The current 2.4 Linux network stack is based on a solid multi-processor-threaded implementation, known as softnet, which has been validated over the last 2 years. Linux is also used extensively in Internet packet forwarding services such as firewalls and routers etc. Linux has a very modular packet processing framework based on the (ingress and egress) Traffic Control Framework as well as the Netfilter IP firewalling architecture. While the Linux framework for "plugging in" packet services is very flexible, and very much proven in the real world, for Linux to be considered a strong Network Operating System, robustness under all conditions (including severe overload) is a key requirement that must be met. Our work is to further improve Linux to have the following attributes: • Robustness at any input rate and any number of input devices. • Controlled and low Latency. • cure packet reordering that is inherent with SMP support. • Provide fairness in greedy network when supporting many interfaces under overload. We discuss the problems, solutions and provide experimental results in our attempts to deal with these issues. While the focus is on using a PC as a router, the solutions provided are applicable to Linux in use in all aspects as a network device (such as a server).
A Study of GaN HEMTs Current Collapse Impacts on Doherty Multistage PA Linearity

The effect of current collapse with regard to operating class of GaN HEMTs is studied. It is shown that AM-AM deviation due to current collapse is maximized in class AB, while it is reduced under both class A and class C region. A Doherty multi-stage amplifier is designed considering these effects to achieve both high efficiency and linearity. A 2W-class 1.8GHz multistage GaN Doherty PA shows PA chain efficiency of 38% with the power gain of 50.5dB. ACLR of -51dBc is obtained for 20MHz LTE carrier using a commercially available RF predistorter IC.
Frequency Dependence of Electroluminescence and Dissipation Current Waveform in LDPE film

Polyethylene (PE) is widely used as an insulating material for power cable. The simultaneous observation system for electroluminescence (EL) and dissipation current waveform of polymeric film has been developed by authors. By using this system, the simultaneous observations in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film were carried out at 50, 100 and 200 Hz, respectively. The frequency dependence of the inception level of EL and the 3rd harmonic components, which has been estimated from the results of the electric field dependences of EL and the dissipation current, was relatively small. On the other hand, the estimated relaxation time from the results of the time dependences of EL and the dissipation current, which has been carried out just after the electric field dependence at each frequency, seems to be in inverse proportion to the applied frequency. It seems to be considered that the duration time of EL at each frequency will depend on the number of polarity reversal under AC high field.
Integral theorems for the quaternionic G-monogenic mappings

Abstract In the paper [1] considered a new class of quaternionic mappings, so- called G-monogenic mappings. In this paper we prove analogues of classical integral theorems of the holomorphic function theory: the Cauchy integral theorems for surface and curvilinear integrals, and the Cauchy integral formula for G-monogenic mappings.
Effects of Anti-α1 Integrin Subunit Antibody on Anti-Thy-1 Glomerulonephritis

α1β1 integrin is a potential collagen-binding extracellular matrix receptor that mediates collagen-dependent cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and collagen matrix assembly and thereby may participate in the wound healing and pathologic scarring observed in some damaged organs. To clarify the role of α1β1 integrin predominantly expressed on the mesangial cell (MC) surface in nephritic glomeruli, we investigated the involvement of MC-α1β1 integrin in rat anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis (GN) by administering function-blocking monoclonal mouse anti-rat α1 integrin subunit antibody (anti-α1 Ab). Assay of collagen types I and IV mixed gel contraction, an in vitro model of pathologic collagen matrix remodeling, with function-blocking anti-α1 Ab and anti-β1 Ab, revealed that collagen I and IV matrix reorganization is mediated by MC-α1β1 integrin. In addition, conditioned medium from isolated Day 3 anti-Thy-1 nephritic glomeruli showed increased activity of MC-α1β1 integrin-induced mixed collagen gel contraction as compared with that from isolated normal rat glomeruli. Treatment of Day 3 conditioned medium with anti–platelet-derived growth factor-BB antibody significantly inhibited conditioned media-induced gel contraction, whereas treatment with anti-transforming growth factor-β antibody did not have a significant effect. Rats that received anti-α1 Ab from the left renal artery 3 days after anti-Thy-1 GN induction showed significant decreases of glomerular hypercellularity and mesangial matrix accumulation, including collagen I and IV in the left kidney, compared with those rats in which the left kidney received control mouse IgG1. These results suggest that MC-α1β1 integrin is an important extracellular matrix receptor mediating mesangial remodeling characterized by MC proliferation and mesangial matrix reorganization in anti-Thy-1 GN. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB may be involved in early collagen matrix reorganization leading to pathologic mesangial remodeling in this GN model.
Independent assessment of candidate HIV incidence assays on specimens in the CEPHIA repository

Objective:Cross-sectional HIV incidence surveillance, using assays that distinguish ‘recent’ from ‘nonrecent’ infections, has been hampered by inadequate performance and characterization of incidence assays. In this study, the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays presents results of the first independent evaluation of five incidence assays (BED, Limiting Antigen Avidity, Less-sensitive Vitros, Vitros Avidity and BioRad Avidity). Design:A large repository of diverse specimens from HIV-positive patients was established, multiple assays were run on 2500 selected specimens, and data were analyzed to estimate assay characteristics relevant for incidence surveillance. Methods:The mean duration of recent infection (MDRI, average time ‘recent’ while infected for less than some time cut-off T) was estimated from longitudinal data on seroconverters by regression. The false-recent rate (FRR, probability of testing ‘recent’ when infected for longer than T) was explored by measuring the proportions of ‘recent’ results in various subsets of patients. Results:Assays continue to fail to attain the simultaneously large MDRI and small FRR demanded by existing performance guidelines. All assays produce high FRRs amongst virally suppressed patients (>40%), including elite controllers and treated patients. Conclusions:Results from this first independent evaluation provide valuable information about the current performance of assays, and suggest the need for further optimization. Variation of ‘recent’/‘nonrecent’ thresholds and the use of multiple antibody-maturation assays, as well as other biomarkers, can now be explored, using the rich data generated by the Consortium for the Evaluation and Performance of HIV Incidence Assays. Consistently high FRRs amongst those virally suppressed suggest that viral load will be a particularly valuable supplementary marker. Video abstract:http://links.lww. com/QAD/A569
HIV-related behavioral risk factors among older female sex workers in Guangxi, China

Previous literature suggests a high rate of HIV infections among older female sex workers (FSWs) in China. However, limited data are available regarding HIV- related behavioral risk factors among this population. In the current study, we aim to examine the demographic and behavioral factors that place older FSWs at a high risk of HIV infection. We conducted secondary analysis of the 2010 National Sentinel Surveillance (NSS) data from Guangxi, China. A self-administered, standard behavioral surveillance survey was completed by a total of 12,622 FSWs in Guangxi, China. The Guangxi 2010 NSS sample included 19.4% FSWs aged 35 years or older (“older FSWs”). The overall HIV prevalence was 1.0% for the entire sample with 2.0% among older FSWs and 0.8% among younger ones. Older age was an independent predictor of unprotected sex, injection drug use, and a self-reported history of syphilis infection. Future HIV prevention interventions targeting FSWs should consider older FSWs' vulnerable status. Efforts are needed to address their financial needs and invest in skills for socio-economic empowerment.
“Sip volume” as a quality indicator in liquid‐based cervical cytology

Introduction of nonmicroscopic cervical screening techniques creates the potential for liquid‐based cytology specimens to be sent for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, automated screening, or other assays prior to microscopic quality assessment. It was hypothesized that the volumes required to prepare ThinPreps (“sip volumes”) represent indicators of specimen quality.
The Study and Application of Gray-Orthogonal Wavelet Network Forecasting Mode on Cementing Quality

The interrelated characteristics and the complexity of cementation quality affecting factors are cosidered, a new method of forecasting cementing quality based on Gray-Orthogonal wavelet network is set up. The method regards some factors affecting the cementing quality as the input parameters of the model, and regards quantifying cementation quality as the output parameter of the model. Evaluating and forecasting the cementing quality of Bei1 block of 20 wells in Daqing Oilfield. The maximum fractional error between forecasting results and actual results is 2.66%. The associated problem of impacting factors is solved by the new forecasting method,and the prediction accuracy of cementing quality is improved. A reliable theoretical basis of cementing operation parameters design and construction program adjustment for new wells in oil field is provided.
Complete Axiomatization of Discrete-Measure Almost-Everywhere Quantification

Following recent developments in the topic of generalized quantifiers, and also having in mind applications in the areas of security and artificial intelligence, a conservative enrichment of (two-sorted) first-order logic (FOL) with almost-everywhere quantification is proposed. The completeness of the axiomatization against the measure-heoretic semantics is carried out using a variant of the Lindenbaum–Henkin technique. The independence of the axioms is analysed, and the almost-everywhere quantifier is compared with related notions of generalized quantification. A suitable fragment of the logic is translated to FOL and validity is shown to be preserved.
Improved adaptive mixture of Gaussians model for moving objects detection

The spatial information of the video sequence is introduced into the background modeling process to deal with the problems of the traditional single-pixel based mixture of Gaussians moving objects detection method. Gaussian modeling process is improved to adaptively select the number of models, learning rate and other parameters by adjacent neighborhood pixels updating, spatio-temporal smoothing and other methods. The complete algorithm processing flow and steps of the algorithm are discussed in detail. The qualitative and quantitative experimental analysis and comparison results exhibit that the proposed algorithm has superior performances compared with traditional algorithms. The improved adaptive mixture of Gaussians model provides a novel method for solving the problem of moving objects detection in complex background.
Anytime RRTs

We present an anytime algorithm for planning paths through high-dimensional, non-uniform cost search spaces. Our approach works by generating a series of rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs), where each tree reuses information from previous trees to improve its growth and the quality of its resulting path. We also present a number of modifications to the RRT algorithm that we use to bias the search in favor of less costly solutions. The resulting approach is able to produce an initial solution very quickly, then improve the quality of this solution while deliberation time allows. It is also able to guarantee that subsequent solutions will be better than all previous ones by a user-defined improvement bound. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm on both single robot and multirobot planning domains
Utilization of Ceramic Wastes in the Construction Sector

Ceramic wastes causing a serious problem are polluting the environmental problem in Eskisehir Region, Turkey. In this paper, were studied three wastes, ceramic mud wastes (CMW), crushed ceramic tile wastes (CCTW) and ceramic tile dust wastes (CTDW). The waste reused as an alternative construction materials in the backfill material with lime, zeolite, and cement, and as a road sub-base material with natural soil, sand and crushed aggregate, and as a concrete block material with cement mixture, and as an improving expansive soil material with Na-bentonite. According to the results of these experiments, a remarkable decrease of zinc (Zn) was noted in the content of CMW from ceramic refinery plant and it was reused as a construction materials. CCTW were used for cement mixture production in substitution of aggregates with dosage of 175kg/m. Swelling pressure and swelling percent of Na-bentonite clay mixed with 40% CCDW decreased 86% and 57%, respectively.
Extracting the multilevel communities based on network structural and nonstructural information

Many real-world networks contain nonstructural information on nodes, such as the spatial coordinate of a location, profile of a person, or contents of a web page. In this paper, we propose Dist-Modularity, a unified modularity measure, which is useful in extracting the multilevel communities based on network structural and nonstructural information.
New Insights into ERP Data : Face Processing in Williams Syndrome

We applied independent component analysis (ICA) to event-related potential (ERP) data that were collected during a face recognition task with two subject groups: normal adults and adults with Williams Syndrome (WMS), a genetic disorder. A previous analysis of the data utilizing traditional ERP analysis techniques identified a late positive component, called the P500. In normal adults, the P500 was linked to recognition of inverted faces, but not upright faces. Unlike normal adults, adults with WMS did not show a PSOO effect, though they did show an earlier ERP recognition effect to both upright and inverted faces. These findings were interpreted as evidence that unlike normal adults, WMS adults do not use markedly different brain systems to recognize upright and inverted faces. Using ICA, we determined that the P500 in this task was not unitary, but rather was composed of at least two (in WMS adults) or three (in normal adults) spatially fixed, functionally distinct independent components. We attributed the P500 effect in normal adults to a combination of two of these components, only one of which depends on face orientation. Surprisingly, WMS adults have a similar orientation-dependent independent component, providing evidence that like normal adults, WMS adults do in fact use different brain systems to recognize upright and inverted faces.
Patterning of single walled carbon nanotubes using a low-fluence excimer laser photoablation process

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been researched as a possible important new component in various devices because they have a promising potential in applications such as microelectronic devices, sensors, actuators and optoelectronic devices. For the use of CNTs in such applications, especially in mass fabrication, a pattering process for CNT layers that is compatible with CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) processes is necessary. There have been some reports in the literature on the patterning of CNTs, but either the reported methods were not compatible with CMOS processes or the capability for precise control of the pattern geometry was not good. In this paper we describe a new patterning method that can be used in the fabrication of devices and other applications which use carbon nanotubes as a component material. This method also can be used in the patterning of other highly porous materials. Further, the process is compatible with conventional microelectronic fabrication processes and it is high-speed. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films were patterned by an excimer laser projection photoablation process at low incident energy conditions. The CNTs were deposited on a quartz substrate, and then a conventional photoresist was coated on it as a photoablation assistor. The photoresist and the CNTs were patterned simultaneously by the photoablation process, and then the photoresist was removed. Due to the physical force of the ablation-dissociated photoresist fragments, the CNTs were patterned cleanly even though the incident fluence on them was significantly lower than the threshold energy otherwise needed for their direct ablation.