Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structure, agency, and change in an American newsroom

Building on a prior ethnographic study conducted in the same newsroom, this essay offers a conceptual framework for understanding current efforts to transform metropolitan daily newspapers. At the time of the study, Calvin Thomas, a new editor and executive-vice president of the newspaper, mandated that his reporters produce more enterprise and less daily news. Yet, after a year, not only did reporters’ production of enterprise news decrease, their production of daily news actually increased. I explain this consequence as a result of the deep structure of daily newsgathering, coupled with the inability and/or unwillingness of reporters and editors to bear the costs of altering this structure. I argue that while the particulars of this case study may be peculiar to this newsroom, this conceptual framework is helpful for understanding the general process of transformation in American newspaper newsrooms that is currently under way.
Survey-Based Experiments on White Racial Attitudes Toward Residential Integration

Using residential integration as the main focus and experiments within national sample surveys as the primary method, this paper examines several theoretical explanations that have been offered for white opposition to government enforcement of black rights to open housing. Each of the following explanations receives some support: resistance to government coercion generally and especially to coercion from the federal government, concern over social class differences between blacks and whites, concern over the consequences of open-housing laws, and general antiblack prejudice. The weighting of and relations among these various factors is still to be determined, but it appears clear that no single, simple explanation will suffice. The paper also illustrates the value of combining experimentation with traditional survey design in substantive investigations.
Teacher self-awareness through journal writing

Reflective practice has now become the leading paradigm in second language teacher education and development programs worldwide. Teacher reflection refers to teachers subjecting their beliefs and practices of teaching and learning to a critical analysis. One way that has been suggested to promote reflective practice for experienced ESL teachers is through journal writing. This case study sought to investigate in what ways regular journal writing promoted reflective thinking in one experienced ESL college teacher in Canada over a two-year period of reflection. Results showed that the teacher wrote mostly about her self-awareness as a teacher and that writing regularly in a journal provided her with some constructive behavior changes both inside and outside the classroom.
Supplement to “ Direct maximization of protein identifications from tandem mass spectra ”

We are given a set of observed spectra S = {s1, . , sNS} and a database D of target and decoy proteins against which we perform a database search. The search produces a set of peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs). Denoting the set of peptides as E1, . , ENE , the PSMs are written as the tuples (Ei, sj) ∈ M, each representing a match of peptide i to spectrum j. Note that, in general, we may opt to retain the single best-scoring peptide for each spectrum, or a small constant number of top-ranked PSMs per spectrum. Each of the identified peptides Ek belongs to one or more proteins, leading to a set of proteins R1, . ,RNR that cover the set of peptides. Thus, R includes every protein in D that has at least one identified peptide (i.e. the maximal set of proteins that can explain the observed spectra). For our algorithm, we define a feature representation φ(E, s) ∈ R for any given PSM. Our particular choice for this feature representation, which is described in Supplementary Table 1, contains a variety of scores of the quality of the peptide-spectrum match, as well as features that capture properties of the spectrum and properties of the peptide.
Do Constructed Explanations Persist? Reframing of the 1994 Republican Takeover of Congress

Immediately after an election, candidates, activists, and journalists work to learn the reasons for voters’ choices in order to advance their careers. The answers are usually in contention. Election results tell us who won but not why the voters made their choices. Even exit polls often provide no more than a range of possible explanations. Yet research shows that soon after Election Day, long before systematic analysis is available, journalists and their sources converge on one or a few widely accepted explanations (or frames) for the election results. If they persist, the substance of these explanations is likely to affect office-holders’, activists’, and journalists’ perceptions and subsequent behavior. Do these frames or constructed explanations in fact persist over time, or are they reinterpreted in response to more recent political stimuli, thus changing their impact? This article uses content analysis of coverage in opinion-leading newspapers to determine whether the explanations constructed for the 1994 Republican sweep continued to dominate references to 1994 in coverage of the 1998, 2002, and 2006 elections.
Digital signature of color images using amplitude modulation

Watermarking techniques, also referred to as digital signature, sign images by introducing changes that are imperceptible to the human eye but easily recoverable by a computer program. Generally, the signature is a number which identifies the owner of the image. The locations in the image where the signature is embedded are determined by a secret key. Doing so prevents possible pirates from easily removing the signature. Furthermore, it should be possible to retrieve the signature from an altered image. Possible alternations of signed images include blurring, compression and geometrical transformations such as rotation and translation. These alterations are referred to as attacks. A new method based on amplitude modulation is presented. Single signature bits are multiply embedded by modifying pixel values in the blue channel. These modifications are either additive or subtractive, depending on the value of the bit, and proportional to the luminance. This new method has shown to be resistant to both classical attacks, such as filtering, and geometrical attacks. Moreover, the signature can be extracted without the original image.
Social problems from drinking in the Swedish general population: measurement and reliability

Aims: The paper constructs and tests summary measures for different areas of alcohol‐related problems, using general population data. The main emphasis is on the rather unexplored area of measuring social harm from drinking. Methods: The data analysed is a Swedish national survey on drinking behaviour and related consequences, collected in 2002 by means of telephone interviews with 5469 adult Swedes. In total, 38 items on both personal and social problems by respondents attributed to their drinking were subjected to factor analysis in order to identify different problem areas for which summary measures could be constructed. The psychometric properties of the measures were then tested. Results: In line with others' findings, the problem items tended to load on a single factor. After Varimax rotation, 11 factors were built, only in part fitting a logical conceptual pattern. In the light both of the dimensions identified in the factor analysis and of face validity, measures of five areas of alcohol‐related problems were constructed: impaired self‐control, chronic health problems, public disorder, interpersonal problems and alcohol‐related social problems. The last measure is a summary scale including both items covered by public disorder and interpersonal problems scales, as well as a few other items. In terms of internal consistency and test–retest reliability (analysing a smaller sample from a test–retest pilot study), the five measures showed satisfactory psychometric properties. Conclusions: In the light of others' findings, the measures developed here seem to be more consistent and reliable than a number of other scales. In order to establish comparability, it seems reasonable to develop and test similar measures across different drinking cultures and, perhaps, modify them thereafter.
Inhibition of Renin-Angiotensin System

Several large-scale clinical studies have consistently demonstrated that use of inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers was associated with significant reduction of new-onset diabetes in patients with insulin resistance such as primary hypertension. Such observations stimulated major investigations into the interaction of angiotensin and insulin signaling systems, which in turn led to the discovery of a cross talk at several steps between the 2 pathways. Evidence from these clinical trials and from the experimental models of insulin resistance including our findings in ZSF rat and other animal models will be discussed in this review.
Empirical CPU power modelling and estimation in the gem5 simulator

Power modelling is important for modern CPUs to inform power management approaches and allow design space exploration. Power simulators, combined with a full-system architectural simulator such as gem5, enable power-performance trade-offs to be investigated early in the design of a system with different configurations (e.g number of cores, cache size, etc.). However, the accuracy of existing power simulators, such as McPAT, is known to be low due to the abstraction and specification errors, and this can lead to incorrect research conclusions. In this paper, we present an accurate power model, built from measured data, integrated into gem5 for estimating the power consumption of a simulated quad-core ARM Cortex-A15. A power modelling methodology based on Performance Monitoring Counters (PMCs) is used to build and evaluate the integrated model in gem5. We first validate this methodology on the real hardware with 60 workloads at nine Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) levels and four core mappings (2,160 samples), showing an average error between estimated and real measured power of less than 6%. Correlation between gem5 activity statistics and hardware PMCs is investigated to build a gem5 model representing a quad-core ARM Cortex-A15. Experimental validation with 15 workloads at four DVFS levels on real hardware and gem5 has been conducted to understand how the difference between the gem5 simulated activity statistics and the hardware PMCs affects the estimated power consumption.
Conceptual frameworks in the doctoral research process: a pedagogical model

This paper contributes to consideration of the role of conceptual frameworks in the doctoral research process. Through reflection on the two authors’ own conceptual frameworks for their doctoral studies, a pedagogical model has been developed. The model posits the development of a conceptual framework as a core element of the doctoral research process that will support the extended abstract thinking (SOLO Taxonomy) essential at this level of postgraduate research. The model articulates the need for alignment between the ontology, methodology and epistemology of doctoral research, with specific articulation of aspects of each dimension. The use of the model involves construction of an explicit conceptual framework, which will ensure a conceptually valid research project and will focus the social and cultural activity of the process, supporting the student learning, the research project and the supervisory relationships.
Does Formal Complexity Reflect Cognitive Complexity? Investigating Aspects of the Chomsky Hierarchy in an Artificial Language Learning Study

This study investigated whether formal complexity, as described by the Chomsky Hierarchy, corresponds to cognitive complexity during language learning. According to the Chomsky Hierarchy, nested dependencies (context-free) are less complex than cross-serial dependencies (mildly context-sensitive). In two artificial grammar learning (AGL) experiments participants were presented with a language containing either nested or cross-serial dependencies. A learning effect for both types of dependencies could be observed, but no difference between dependency types emerged. These behavioral findings do not seem to reflect complexity differences as described in the Chomsky Hierarchy. This study extends previous findings in demonstrating learning effects for nested and cross-serial dependencies with more natural stimulus materials in a classical AGL paradigm after only one hour of exposure. The current findings can be taken as a starting point for further exploring the degree to which the Chomsky Hierarchy reflects cognitive processes.
au Identity verification using speech and face

This article first provides an overview of important concept s in the field of information fusion, followed by a review of milestones in audio-visual person identification and verifi cation. Several recent adaptive and non-adaptive techniqu es for reaching the verification decision (i.e., to accept or re ject the claimant), based on speech and face information, ar e then evaluated in clean and noisy audio conditions on a commo n database; it is shown that in clean conditions most of the non-adaptive approaches provide similar performance a d in noisy conditions most exhibit a severe deterioration i n performance; it is also shown that current adaptive approac hes are either inadequate or utilize restrictive assumptio ns. A new category of classifiers is then introduced, where the de cision boundary is fixed but constructed to take into account how the distributions of opinions are likely to change due to noisy conditions; compared to a previously proposed adapti ve approach, the proposed classifiers do not make a direct assum ption about the type of noise that causes the mismatch between training and testing conditions.
Evaluation of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic activities of Globularin isolated from Globularia alypum L. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The present study investigates the effect of intraperitoneal administration of Globularin on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. Globularin was an iridoid glucoside which was isolated from the leaves of Globularia alypum (3.4 %). This compound was identified by means of physical constants and spectral data UV, IR, MS, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC. The acute toxicity test demonstrated that Globularin is not lethal up to dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight after intraperitoneal injection. In normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats, single intraperitoneal administration of Globularin at a dose 100 mg/kg body weight produced significant decrease of blood glucose levels. However, in prolonged treatment study, the repeated intraperitoneal administration of Globularin (2 x 100 mg/kg body weight) decreased significantly the blood glucose levels when compared to the diabetic control rats. In addition, daily injection of Globularin (2 x 100 mg/kg body weight) reduced significantly serum levels of total cholesterol (varied from 0.53 to 0.41 g/L) and triglycerides (varied from 1.71 to 0.79 g/L) in the diabetic rats. Globularia alypum L. (Globulariaceae), Extraction, Isolation, Characterization, Globularin, Acute toxicity, Hypoglycaemic effect, Antihypercholesterolemia, Antihypertriglyceridemia.
Integrating multimedia archives: the architecture and the content layer

In the last few years, numerous multimedia archives have made extensive use of digitized storage and annotation technologies. Still, the development of single points of access, providing common and uniform access to their data, despite the efforts and accomplishments of standardization organizations, has remained an open issue as it involves the integration of various large-scale heterogeneous and heterolingual systems. This paper describes a mediator system that achieves architectural integration through an extended three-tier architecture and content integration through semantic modeling. The described system has successfully integrated five multimedia archives, quite different in nature and content from each other, while also providing easy and scalable inclusion of more archives in the future.
Health-Related Quality of Life of Adults with Childhood Diagnosis of Specific Language Impairment

Objective: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adults with childhood diagnosis of specific language impairment (SLI) was evaluated. Patients and Methods: Fifty-two patients with a childhood diagnosis of SLI were asked to fill out the 15D-HRQoL questionnaire. The patients were selected from a hospital setting from psychological examination reports showing a below-average verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and a normal performance intelligence quotient (PIQ). The 15D was completed adequately by 33 patients (response rate 63.5%). The results were compared with those of age- and gender-matched controls. Results: The total 15D score of the study group was lower than that of population controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. The study group performed significantly worse on the dimensions of speech, usual activities, mental function and distress. Gender or PIQ in childhood was not correlated with the 15D scores or dimension scores in adulthood. Childhood VIQ was associated with the dimensions of mental function (p < 0.01) and usual activities (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results support earlier findings that SLI affects the entire life span. Identification of prognostic factors and a prolonged follow-up of SLI patients could improve the QoL of these patients.
An improved genetic algorithm with local search for order acceptance and scheduling problems

The research on order acceptance and scheduling problems, which combine the selection with scheduling, is an important subject in production systems and has attracted attentions from both academia and practitioners. In this paper, we propose an improved genetic algorithm (GA) with local search, named IGAL, for the order acceptance and scheduling problems with tardiness penalties and sequence-dependent setup times in single machine environment. In order to improve the performance of the classical GA for the focused problems, two effective local search strategies are adopted in IGAL. The efficacy of IGAL was evaluated on 1500 instances with up to 100 orders. Experimental results showed that the proposed IGAL is quite competitive when compared with five other methods.
The stumpy gene is required for mammalian ciliogenesis

Cilia are present on nearly all cell types in mammals and perform remarkably diverse functions. However, the mechanisms underlying ciliogenesis are unclear. Here, we cloned a previously uncharacterized highly conserved gene, stumpy, located on mouse chromosome 7. Stumpy was ubiquitously expressed, and conditional loss in mouse resulted in complete penetrance of perinatal hydrocephalus (HC) and severe polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We found that cilia in stumpy mutant brain and kidney cells were absent or markedly deformed, resulting in defective flow of cerebrospinal fluid. Stumpy colocalized with ciliary basal bodies, physically interacted with γ-tubulin, and was present along ciliary axonemes, suggesting that stumpy plays a role in ciliary axoneme extension. Therefore, stumpy is essential for ciliogenesis and may be involved in the pathogenesis of human congenital malformations such as HC and PKD.
‘You think you're a rebel on a big bottle’: teenage drinking, peers and performance authenticity

The purpose of this article is to explore the importance of authenticity amongst young people when evaluating underage drinking performances. Drawing upon focus group interviews with 251 teenagers in Belfast aged 14-15 years old, the research adopts a Goffmanian stance to advance three forms of performance authenticity termed ‘over-claiming’, ‘pretending’ and ‘acting hard’. The findings suggest that aged, gendered and classed expectations govern the appropriate lines of behaviour which young people may legitimately adopt in front of their peers. Tapping into these teenage constructions may be worth considering when seeking to understand and respond to the dynamics underpinning underage drinking episodes.
2-[(E)-2-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1-methylpyridinium iodide monohydrate

In the title compound, C16H18NO+·I−·H2O, the cation is essentially planar, with a dihedral angle of 3.13 (16)° between the pyridinium and benzene rings. The molecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the alkene double bond. In the crystal structure, the cations are packed in an anti-parallel manner through π–π interactions between adjacent pyridinium and benzene rings along the a axis, with centroid-to-centroid distances of 3.615 (2) and 3.630 (2) Å. Water molecules bind the iodide ions through O—H⋯I hydrogen bonds into layers. These layers link with the cations through weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯I interactions.
Worlds Apart: The Barrier Between East and West

Abstract This paper reports findings from an ethnographic study of the adjustment experience of a group of postgraduate international students at a university in the south of England. Friendship emerged as a major category of research, an aspect of which was the formation of a divide between Asian and European students. The division between the two camps was universally observed, and it was attributed by Asian students to a desire for a more friendly and supportive environment than they felt European students were offering. More research is needed on the European perspective on the communication breakdown between the two cultures, so that institutions can work on realizing the benefits that the international campus is purported to offer.
Learning in Two Languages: Interactional Spaces for Becoming Bilingual Speakers

Abstract Through a sociolinguistic analysis of interactional spaces created by the teachers and students at one 50/50 dual immersion school, this study examines how teachers present and implement this school's language policy and how these practices are reproduced and transformed through the language choices of the students in their daily interactions. The analysis shows that strict enforcement of the instructional separation of the two languages may emphasise a division of interactional spaces and language groups where only Spanish or English is used. The findings illustrate how the teachers and certain children are becoming marked as speakers of either Spanish or English and how their thickening identities may consequently limit the opportunities to socially interact in and practice the second language at this school site. Unless focused efforts are assigned to the creation of interactional spaces where both English and Spanish are used interchangeably by the same speaker for various purposes, we argue that simply ‘learning in two languages’ may not necessarily lead to interactional spaces that foster the development of bilingual speakers.
Video Streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: Multipoint-to-Point Transmission with Multiple Description Coding

Over the last decade, mobile ad hoc networks have emerged as a promising solution for providing ubiquitous communications to support various multimedia applications. Supporting video over infrastructureless mobile ad hoc networks is more challenging than over other networks due to the absence of fixed infrastructure and rapid changes in network topology. In this paper, we study the feasibility of video streaming from several nodes to a single node to improve the video quality. Besides, we use multiple description coding (MDC) scheme to avoid workload redundancy. We show that this concept significantly improves the video quality by reducing the occurrence of interruptions