Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylcholine‐Coated Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles as Rapid and Efficient Labeling Agents for In Vivo Cell Tracking

Despite the pressing need to noninvasively monitor transplanted cells in vivo with fluorescence imaging, desirable fluorescent agents with rapid labeling capability, durable brightness, and ideal biocompatibility remain lacking. Here, phosphorylcholine‐coated near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are reported as a new class of rapid, efficient, and cytocompatible labeling nanoagents for in vivo cell tracking. The phosphorylcholine coating results in efficient and rapid endocytosis and allows the SPN to enter cells within 0.5 h in complete culture medium apparently independent of the cell type, while its NIR fluorescence leads to a tissue penetration depth of 0.5 cm. In comparison to quantum dots and Cy5.5, the SPN is tolerant to physiologically ubiquitous reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in durable fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo. These desirable physical and physiological properties of the SPN permit cell tracking of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in living mice at a lower limit of detection of 10 000 cells with no obvious alteration of cell phenotype after 12 d. SPNs thus can provide unique opportunities for optimizing cellular therapy and deciphering pathological processes as a cell tracking label.
Noise Robust IOA/CAS Speech Separation and Recognition System For The Third 'CHIME' Challenge

This paper presents the contribution to the third 'CHiME' speech separation and recognition challenge including both front-end signal processing and back-end speech recognition. In the front-end, Multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF) is designed to achieve background noise reduction. Different from traditional MWF, optimized parameter for the tradeoff between noise reduction and target signal distortion is built according to the desired noise reduction level. In the back-end, several techniques are taken advantage to improve the noisy Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) performance including Deep Neural Network (DNN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long short-term memory (LSTM) using medium vocabulary, Lattice rescoring with a big vocabulary language model finite state transducer, and ROVER scheme. Experimental results show the proposed system combining front-end and back-end is effective to improve the ASR performance.
The combination of spray and blade coating: Method development and validation on Cylindrical Laboratory Coater

Pigment coating is an essential unit operation for most high quality papers and boards that are intended to undergo printing. The currently dominating coating techniques are metered size press (MSP) and blade coating with jet, flooded nip, or short dwell-time application, which all have their distinct advantages and drawbacks. A new coating method comprising a spray application and a doctor blade is being developed to overcome some of the shortcomings, while preserving the desired features of blade coating. The main focus was on coating layer quality and on the runnability of the spray blade coater. A laboratory scale spray blade coater was constructed by modifying the coating color applicator pond of Cylindrical Laboratory Coater to house the airless high pressure spray nozzle and the hose delivering the coating color. Lightweight coated (LWC) and folding box board (FBB) bases were coated with various blade pressures and coater speeds yielding different coat weights. Judging by Parker Print-Surf roughness, gloss, and visual appearance in scanned images of coated samples, the new spray blade coating method was capable of producing high quality coating layers. The results were repeatable and the method was found suitable for studying the phenomena involved in spray blade coating process.
History of Air Navigation

ALTHOUGH published in 1946, it appears from the fc preface that this book was completed in 1944. That was not possible, therefore, to give any information about war-time developments to aid air irrigation, of which particulars at that time had ntfb been released. The book was thus out of date before it was published. It is disappointing in other ways; illustrations of a great variety of instruments are given, but in many cases without sufficient description for those who are not familiar with them to understand how they are used. The reader will look in vain for any account of special methods of navigation adopted for polar flights. The chapter on ancient navigation has nothing to do with air navigation. Although aviation has a short history, developments-stimulated as they have been by two great wars-have been rapid. A fascinating story of the history of air navigation might have been written. This book seems to fall between two stools: it is not sufficiently technical and specialized for the expert, but it is too technical and assumes too much basic knowledge for the general reader.History of Air NavigationArthur J.HughesBy. Pp. 154. (London: George Allen and Unven, Ltd., 1946.) 10s. 6d. net.
Unsupervised Adversarial Learning of 3D Human Pose from 2D Joint Locations

The task of three-dimensional (3D) human pose estimation from a single image can be divided into two parts: (1) Two-dimensional (2D) human joint detection from the image and (2) estimating a 3D pose from the 2D joints. Herein, we focus on the second part, i.e., a 3D pose estimation from 2D joint locations. The problem with existing methods is that they require either (1) a 3D pose dataset or (2) 2D joint locations in consecutive frames taken from a video sequence. We aim to solve these problems. For the first time, we propose a method that learns a 3D human pose without any 3D datasets. Our method can predict a 3D pose from 2D joint locations in a single image. Our system is based on the generative adversarial networks, and the networks are trained in an unsupervised manner. Our primary idea is that, if the network can predict a 3D human pose correctly, the 3D pose that is projected onto a 2D plane should not collapse even if it is rotated perpendicularly. We evaluated the performance of our method using Human3.6M and the MPII dataset and showed that our network can predict a 3D pose well even if the 3D dataset is not available during training.
Child Maltreatment Surveillance Improvement Opportunities

BACKGROUND As child maltreatment often occurs in private, child welfare numbers underestimate its true prevalence. Child maltreatment surveillance systems have been used to ascertain more accurate counts of children who experience maltreatment. This manuscript describes the results from a pilot child maltreatment surveillance system in Wake County, North Carolina. METHODS We linked 2010 and 2011 data from 3 sources (Child Protective Services, Raleigh Police Department, and Office of the Chief Medical Examiner) to obtain rates of definite and possible child maltreatment. We separately analyzed emergency department visits from 2010 and 2011 to obtain counts of definite and possible child maltreatment. We then compared the results from the surveillance systems to those obtained from Child Protective Services (CPS) data alone. RESULTS In 2010 and 2011, rates of definite child maltreatment were 11.7 and 11.3 per 1,000 children, respectively, when using the linked data, compared to 10.0 and 9.5 per 1,000 children using CPS data alone. The rates of possible maltreatment were 25.3 and 23.8 per 1,000, respectively. In the 2010 and 2011 emergency department data, there were 68 visits and 84 visits, respectively, that met the case definition for maltreatment. LIMITATIONS While 4 data sources were analyzed, only 3 were linked in the current surveillance system. It is likely that we would have identified more cases of maltreatment had more sources been included. CONCLUSION While the surveillance system identified more children who met the case definition of maltreatment than CPS data alone, the rates of definite child maltreatment were not considerably higher than official reports. Rates of possible child maltreatment were much higher than both the definite case definition and child welfare records. Tracking both definite and possible case definitions and using a variety of data sources provides a more complete picture of child maltreatment in North Carolina.
Phase transformation and properties of quasicrystal particles/Al matrix composites

Diffusion controlled phase transformations and tribological properties and hardness of Al 65 Cu 20 Cr 15 quasicrystal particles(QC p)/Al matrix composites have been studied. The mixtures of the quasicrystal particles with volume fractions of 15%, 20%, 25% , 30% and pure Al powder were hot pressed at 600, 650, 700 ℃. During the diffusion controlled phase transformation induced by hot pressing, a simple cubic icosahedric quasicrystal (SIQC) phase transforms into stable Θ phase with the microstructure of monoclinic of Al 13 Cr 2 through a transitional faced cubic icosahedric quasicrystal (FIQC), a decagonal quasicrystal (DQC) and an approximant of decagonal quasicrystal (DA) phases. And G. P. zones and Al Cu precipitates, θ′ Al 2Cu and θ Al 2Cu, are separated out from the Al matrix respectively after hot pressing. The QC p/Al composites have double strengthening effect after hot pressing. One is the strengthening of the particles that reinforce the matrix Al; the other is the dispersion strengthening of the precipitates in the Al matrix. The hardness of the composites increases with increasing volume fraction of quasicrystal particles. The maximum hardness reaches 1 200 MPa, being 4 times that of Al. The frictional coefficient and the wear rate of the QC p/Al are lower than those of Al. In comparison with SiC p/Al matrix composites, QC p/Al composites have higher hardness and lower frictional coefficient.
Syllable-Based Speech Recognition for Amharic

Amharic is the Semitic language that has the second large number of speakers after Arabic (Hayward and Richard 1999). Its writing system is syllabic with Consonant-Vowel (CV) syllable structure. Amharic orthography has more or less a one to one correspondence with syllabic sounds. We have used this feature of Amharic to develop a CV syllable-based speech recognizer, using Hidden Markov Modeling (HMM), and achieved 90.43% word recognition accuracy.
Source camera identification using SPN with PRNU estimation and enhancement

The sensor pattern noise is associated with digital images, due to imperfection in the chip of image sensor manufacturing process and it causes pixel sensitivity variation in the imaging sensor. The distinct property of these pattern noises makes it unique to that image sensor. Therefore, it acts as ‘fingerprint’ of that particular imaging sensor. The main contributor of sensor pattern noise is Photo Response Non-Uniformity noise (PRNU). In this proposed work, we analyse the PRNU estimation and enhance the content of the PRNU for better accurate identification of the source camera. The PRNU extraction consists of three stages: filtering, estimation and enhancement stage. Each stage consists of various techniques incorporated for the PRNU extraction. The experiments were conducted on natural images taken from the different camera models. For our experiment, 300 images from 6 different camera models are used and identification of source camera of a given image is done by correlating the PRNU reference pattern with the noise residual model obtained from the test image.
Nano-Characterization of Type-G Cement Slurry Incorporating Nanoclay Cured Under High Temperature and Pressure

Type-G cement slurry with various admixtures commonly used in oil/gas well cementing (OWC) incorporating 1, 2 and 3% nanoclay particles by weight of cement were produced. A water/cement ratio of 0.44 was used and the mixes were subjected to a temperature of 290° F and a pressure of 4666 psi for 48 hours. First, the effect of nanoclay on compressive strength evolution was investigated. Second elastic and viscoelastic characteristics of the cementitious mixes were characterized using nanoindentation. The nanoindentation tests enabled evaluating the maximum indentation depth, plastic depth, and the reduced elastic modulus. Furthermore, dwell time of 60 seconds was used to evaluate creep compliance of the cement mixes incorporating nanoclay. Fracture toughness was estimated from the nanoindentation data during the dwell loading period. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) microstructural analyses were conducted to explain the results observed using nanoindentation. Furthermore, finite element modeling was used to simulate the nanoindentation test and to extract the stress-strain Type-G cement material incorporating nanoclay and cured under high temperature and pressure. Moreover, The experimental observations showed that nanoclay improved compressive strength evolution with time compared with neat cement and eliminated strength retrogression problem. Furthermore, using 1 and 2% nanoclay resulted in insignificant change (-28 to +12%) of the reduced elastic modulus compared with neat cement. However, a high content of 3% nanoclay resulted in a significant increase of (+54%) in the reduced elastic modulus and a significant reduction in creep compliance compared with neat cement. Fracture analysis of nanoindentation data showed a significant improvement of fracture toughness due to the addition of nanoclay. XRD analysis and SEM investigations proved that the incorporation of nanoclay in the cement mix transforms the Calcium Hydroxide (CH) to calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and reduced capillary porosity leading to higher elastic modulus and reduced creep compliance compared with neat cement. Finally, the extracted stress-strain curves using the finite element method shows that adding nanoclay resulted in stiffening OWC paste. The significance of nanoclay seems strongly dependent on the nanoclay content and the quality of its mixing with cement. DOI 10.21012/FC9.143 Kalimur Rahman et al.
Investigation of retained austenite stability in Mn-Si TRIP steel in tensile deformation condition

Purpose: The aim of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the key factors governing the formation of multiphase TRIP aided steel. Design/methodology/approach: The present work reports the results of in-situ neutron diffraction experiments focused on monitoring the phase evolution in three TRIP steel samples subjected to different thermomechanical processing and mechanical loading to evaluate the stability of retained austenite. Findings: In-situ neutron diffraction experiments allowed characterizing the elastoplastic properties of the phases present in TRIP steel. These properties have strong influence on the transformation behaviour of the retained austenite during the straining and also critical effect on general mechanical properties of TRIP steel. Research limitations/implications: The precise, fast and cheap measurement of the amount of retained austenite in multiphase structure is a basic limitation for further research work, improvement and development control of TRIP steels. Practical implications: It is believed that not only the sufficient volume fraction of the retained austenite is the prerequisite to achieve convenient conditions for TRIP effect in low-alloyed steels. Originality/value: It was found that not only volume fraction of retained austenite has the influence on mechanical properties of TRIP steels, but also the state (size, distribution, carbon saturation, morphology) of retained austenite and the state of surrounding (α-matrix) plays important role.
Optimal adaptive parameter estimation-based tracking control of motor turntable servo system

In this paper, an optimal adaptive parameter estimation (OAPE) method is proposed to estimate the disturbance and the unknown parameters of the motor turntable servo system. Different from the conventional adaptive parameter estimation (APE), the estimation error of OAPE is driven by the adaptive law with the time-varying gain which is developed by utilizing the filtering technique and minimizing the cost function. By implying OAPE, the exponential convergence of estimation errors is guaranteed. The nonsingular time-varying terminal sliding mode (NTVTSM) controller is designed, which achieves the position tracking of the system with small tracking errors. Simulation are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Maximizing the encapsulation efficiency and the bioavailability of controlled-release cetirizine microspheres using Draper–Lin small composite design

This study was aimed at developing a controlled-release cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ)-loaded polymethacrylate microsphere by optimization technique using software-based response surface methodology. The emulsion solvent evaporation method was utilized in the preparation of microspheres. Four process variables were selected, namely, Eudragit RLPO loading percentage in total polymer, the emulsifier hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB), the antitacking percentage, and the dispersed phase volume. The desired responses were particle size, angle of repose, production yield, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, initial drug release, and the time for 85% of drug release from the microspheres. Optimization was carried out by fitting the experimental data to the software program (Statgraphics Centurion XV). Moreover, 18 batches were subjected to various characterization tests required for the production of dosage form. The pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated after the oral administration of 10 mg CTZ in both optimized formulation and commercial product on healthy human volunteers using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over design. The optimized formulation showed satisfactory yield (84.43%) and drug encapsulation efficiency (87.1%). Microspheres were of spherical shape, smooth surface, and good flowability with an average size of 142.3 μm. The developed optimized batch of microspheres ensured 28.87% initial release after 2 hours, and the release of CTZ extended for >12 hours. In addition, the relative bioavailability of the optimized formulation was 165.5% with respect to the marketed CTZ tablets indicating a significant enhancement of CTZ bioavailability. Thus, there is an expectation to decrease the administered dose and the frequency of administration, and subsequently minimize the adverse effects that are faced by the patient during the treatment.
Cell-Type Specific Features of Circular RNA Expression

Thousands of loci in the human and mouse genomes give rise to circular RNA transcripts; at many of these loci, the predominant RNA isoform is a circle. Using an improved computational approach for circular RNA identification, we found widespread circular RNA expression in Drosophila melanogaster and estimate that in humans, circular RNA may account for 1% as many molecules as poly(A) RNA. Analysis of data from the ENCODE consortium revealed that the repertoire of genes expressing circular RNA, the ratio of circular to linear transcripts for each gene, and even the pattern of splice isoforms of circular RNAs from each gene were cell-type specific. These results suggest that biogenesis of circular RNA is an integral, conserved, and regulated feature of the gene expression program.
Multi-dimensional classification of biomedical text: Toward automated, practical provision of high-utility text to diverse users

Motivation: Much current research in biomedical text mining is concerned with serving biologists by extracting certain information from scientific text. We note that there is no ‘average biologist’ client; different users have distinct needs. For instance, as noted in past evaluation efforts (BioCreative, TREC, KDD) database curators are often interested in sentences showing experimental evidence and methods. Conversely, lab scientists searching for known information about a protein may seek facts, typically stated with high confidence. Text-mining systems can target specific end-users and become more effective, if the system can first identify text regions rich in the type of scientific content that is of interest to the user, retrieve documents that have many such regions, and focus on fact extraction from these regions. Here, we study the ability to characterize and classify such text automatically. We have recently introduced a multi-dimensional categorization and annotation scheme, developed to be applicable to a wide variety of biomedical documents and scientific statements, while intended to support specific biomedical retrieval and extraction tasks. Results: The annotation scheme was applied to a large corpus in a controlled effort by eight independent annotators, where three individual annotators independently tagged each sentence. We then trained and tested machine learning classifiers to automatically categorize sentence fragments based on the annotation. We discuss here the issues involved in this task, and present an overview of the results. The latter strongly suggest that automatic annotation along most of the dimensions is highly feasible, and that this new framework for scientific sentence categorization is applicable in practice. Contact: shatkay@cs.queensu. ca
Assessing intervention effectiveness for reducing stress in student nurses: quantitative systematic review.

AIMS To identify the types of interventions that are effective in reducing stress in student nurses, and to make recommendations for future research. BACKGROUND Student nurses experience significant stress during their training and this may contribute to sickness, absence and attrition. Given the global shortage of nurses and high dropout rates amongst trainees, the importance for developing stress management programmes for student nurses is becoming more evident. To date, only one review has examined the effectiveness of stress interventions for student nurses, but the emergence of recent literature warrants a new review. DATA SOURCES Research papers published between April 1981 and April 2008 were identified from the following databases: Medline, CINAHL, Behavioral Sciences Collection, IBSS and Psychinfo. REVIEW METHODS A quantitative systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted. Key terms included 'nurses OR nursing OR nurse', 'student OR students', 'intervention', 'stress OR burnout'. In addition to database searches, reference lists of selected papers were scanned, key authors were contacted and manual searches of key journals were conducted. RESULTS The most effective interventions provided skills for coping with stressful situations (typically relaxation) and skills for changing maladaptive cognitions. Interventions which promoted skills to reduce the intensity or number of stressors were also successful. In most cases, stress interventions did not improve academic performance. CONCLUSION The design of stress interventions should be driven by theory. Future studies should focus on interface and organizational factors and the long-term benefits of interventions for student nurses are yet to be demonstrated.