Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Steady-State Model for Bidirectional IPT Systems

Bidirectional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are high-order resonant circuits, which are complex in nature and sensitive to variations in system parameters and control variables. Consequently, modeling and design of BD-IPT systems are relatively difficult in comparison to unidirectional IPT systems. An accurate model that predicts the behavior of BD-IPT systems under different operating conditions is invaluable but yet to be reported. This paper, therefore, proposes a generalized steady-state model through which the behavior of BD-IPT systems can be accurately characterized. The proposed mathematical model is comprehensive and includes the effects of harmonics and sensitivity to variations in system parameters and control variables. Using the model, this paper investigates the behavior and sensitivity of BD-IPT systems under a range of practical operating conditions. The validity of the proposed generalized model, which is verified using the results of a 1-kW prototype system, provides a clear insight into BD-IPT systems and is expected to be useful at both design and implementation stages.
Differential divalent cation requirements uncouple the assembly and catalytic reactions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase

Previous in vitro analyses have shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase uses either manganese or magnesium to assemble as a stable complex on the donor substrate and to catalyze strand transfer. We now demonstrate that subsequent to assembly, catalysis of both 3' end processing and strand transfer requires a divalent cation cofactor and that the divalent cation requirements for assembly and catalysis can be functionally distinguished based on the ability to utilize calcium and cobalt, respectively. The different divalent cation requirements manifest by these processes are exploited to uncouple assembly and catalysis, thus staging the reaction. Staged 3' end processing and strand transfer assays are then used in conjunction with exonuclease III protection analysis to investigate the effects of integrase inhibitors on each step in the reaction. Analysis of a series of related inhibitors demonstrates that these types of compounds affect assembly and not either catalytic process, therefore reconciling the apparent disparate results obtained for such inhibitors in assays using isolated preintegration complexes. These studies provide evidence for a distinct role of the divalent cation cofactor in assembly and catalysis and have implications for both the identification and characterization of integrase inhibitors.
‘Girls Don’t Become Craftsmen’: Determinants and Experiences of Children’s Work in Gemstone Polishing in Jaipur

Abstract This paper explores the determinants and valuations of children’s work and schooling choices drawing on primary mixed-methods research in the gemstone polishing industry of Jaipur, India. In addition to economic and demographic factors, the gendered expectations of children’s futures shapes their work and schooling outcomes. For boys, work is additionally driven by the need to acquire training for future employment and wages, and simultaneously complements, and competes with formal schooling. They can work at workshops, acquire higher skills, and can aspire to become skilled craftsmen whereas girls work at home on low-skill activities mainly to supplement household income.
Update of treatment of heart failure with reduction of left ventricular ejection fraction

Underlying and precipitating causes of heart failure (HF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) should be identified and treated when possible. Hypertension should be treated with diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and β-blockers. Diuretics are the first-line drugs in the treatment of patients with HFrEF and volume overload. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-blockers (carvedilol, sustained-release metoprolol succinate, or bisoprolol) should be used in treatment of HFrEF. Use an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) (candesartan or valsartan) if intolerant to ACE inhibitors because of cough or angioneurotic edema. Sacubitril/valsartan may be used instead of an ACE inhibitor or ARB in patients with chronic symptomatic HFrEF class II or III to further reduce morbidity and mortality. Add an aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone or eplerenone) in selected patients with class II–IV HF who can be carefully monitored for renal function and potassium concentration. (Serum creatinine should be ≤ 2.5 mg/dl in men and ≤ 2.0 mg/dl in women. Serum potassium should be < 5.0 mEq/l). Add isosorbide dinitrate plus hydralazine in patients self-described as African Americans with class II–IV HF being treated with diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and β-blockers. Ivabradine can be used in selected patients with HFrEF.
A novel method for screening a vertebrate transcriptome for genes involved in carotenoid binding and metabolism

Carotenoid‐based colour signals are widespread in the animal kingdom and common textbook examples of sexually selected traits. Carotenoid pigments must be obtained through the diet as all animals lack the enzymatic machinery necessary to synthesize them from scratch. Once ingested, carotenoids are metabolized, stored, transported and deposited, and some or all of these processes may be limiting for signal production and thus subjected to social or sexual selection on phenotypic coloration. Very little is known about which genes and physiological pathways are involved in carotenoid pigmentation which is unfortunate, as genetic information would allow us to investigate the biochemical consequences of sexual selection. In this study, we present a transcriptome‐screening technique and apply it to a carotenoid‐signalling bird species, the southern red bishop Euplectes orix, to uncover the gene(s) responsible for the conversion of dietary β‐carotene (orange) to canthaxanthin (bright red). The transcriptome, extracted from the liver of a male entering his breeding moult, is expressed within bacterial cells genetically modified to synthesize beta‐carotene. Effects of expressed E. orix proteins on the structure or amount of β‐carotene are initially detected by eye (based on colour change) and subsequently confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Here, we demonstrate the validity of the technique and provide a list of candidate genes involved in the carotenoid pigmentation pathway. We believe that this method could be applied to other species and tissues and that this may help researchers uncover the genetic basis of carotenoid coloration in vertebrates.
The Acute Effects of a Single Bout of Moderate-intensity Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adult Males.

INTRODUCTION Single acute bouts of moderately-intense aerobic exercise like walking have been found to improve cognitive control of attention in children, but some studies have reported no improvement in cognitive flexibility following acute aerobic exercise. Submaximal aerobic exercise performed for 60 minutes facilitated specific aspects of information processing in adults but extended exercises leading to dehydration compromised both information processing and memory functions. Improvement in executive functions has also been reported during cycling at 70% of Heart Rate Reserve (HRR) across young and older age groups. However, there are studies which have reported no correlation between physical activity and academic performance in children and a recent systematic review of 30 relevant studies reported no significant improvement in cognition with physical activity or exercise in adults. There seems to be lack of consensus on the effect of exercise on cognition, which may be because the exercise protocols used and cognitive functions tested by different researchers were not uniform. AIM The primary aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of aerobic exercise across different cognitive domains in healthy young individuals. METHODS A homogeneous group of 10 right handed healthy adult males participated in the study and was subjected to 8 cognitive function tests including 2 tests each across the four categories: Memory, Reasoning, Concentration and Planning using a pre-validated web based tool. Following baseline testing, subjects performed 30 minutes' of cycling on a stationary bicycle ergometer at moderate intensity (60-70% of HRR). Post-test scores were recorded when heart rate returned to within 10% of baseline. Pre and post-test scores were compared using the paired t-test. RESULTS After exercise, there was significant improvement (Mean ± SD) in the Paired Associates (4.8±1.0 Vs 5.5 ± 1.0), Odd One Out (10.5 ± 3.0 Vs 13 ± 3.1) and Spatial Slider test (30.4 ± 17.8 Vs 40.5 ± 13.9), the tests of Memory, Reasoning and Planning respectively. No significant improvement was found for concentration. Total post-test time was significantly lower than the pre-test time (23.5 ± 2.55 Vs 21.2 ± 1.48 minutes). CONCLUSION A single bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise for as less as 30 minutes can improve some aspects of cognition, most prominently for memory, reasoning and planning and can shorten the time taken to complete the tests.
Application of HHT for oscillation mode analysis in power system based on PMU

Based on application practices of the Campus WAMS developed in Western Japan 60-Hz power system; this paper presents a single-mode-oriented monitoring and estimation scheme of power system small-signal stability. The data filtering technique based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is employed to extract oscillation data to obtain reasonable and precise results in analyzing low frequency oscillation in power systems. This paper describes the availability of HHT used to analyze power system low-frequency, and it will be used to future study of more detailed examination of low-frequency oscillation of power system.
Hook Formulas for Skew Shapes II. Combinatorial Proofs and Enumerative Applications

The Naruse hook-length formula is a recent general formula for the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shapes, given as a positive sum over excited diagrams of products of hook-lengths. In [A. H. Morales, I. Pak, and G. Panova, Hook Formulas for Skew Shapes I. $q$-Analogues and Bijections] we gave two different $q$-analogues of Naruse's formula: for the skew Schur functions, and for counting reverse plane partitions of skew shapes. In this paper we give an elementary proof of Naruse's formula based on the case of border strips. For special border strips, we obtain curious new formulas for the Euler and $q$-Euler numbers in terms of certain Dyck path summations.
Skills for the agile designer: seeing, shaping and discussing design ideas

Agile teams incrementally develop solutions. So the pace of design work can be more intense and episodic. Agile designers need to be able to quickly see the essence of a problem and shape reasonable solutions. And when ideas don't pan out or require-ments shift, they must be comfortable revising their designs. This SPLASH tutorial introduces several techniques and some vocabu-lary for sharing design ideas, characterizing (and then designing to accommodate) variability, responding to design advice, and track-ing design work and technical debt.
Identification and function of coactivator of estrogen receptor: ERIAP

Estrogen receptor (ER), one member of nuclear hormone receptor (NR) family, is an estrogen-dependent transcriptional factor that plays an important role in development, progression and treatment of breast cancer. Transcriptional co-factors (co-activators and co-repressors) are critical for ER to transduce hormone and metabolic signaling to target genes. A number of functional and structural studies have elucidated the precise mechanisms of co-activator interaction with the ligand-inducible activation domain in ER via one and several LXXLL motifs (where X is any amino acid) known as NR-Box. By the yeast two-hybrid system we have identified a novel ER-α interacting protein ERIAP (Estrogen Receptor Interacting and Activating Protein) which contains two consensus LXXLL motifs. ERIAP associated with ER-α in a ligand-dependent manner, as demonstrated by in vivo immunoprecipitation and in vitro GST capture assays. The two NR boxes were essential for ERIAP interaction with ER-α. Furthermore, ERIAP specifically enhanced ligand-mediated ER-α transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent fasion and increased the expression of estrogen-responsive gene pS2. Thus, our present findings indicate that ERIAP funcions as a new coactivator for ER-α transcriptional activity, which may play an important role in development and progression of breast cancer.
Vaccination with an Inactivated Virulent Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Engineered To Express High Levels of Env

ABSTRACT An inactivated virus vaccine was prepared from a pathogenic isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus containing a mutation that eliminated an endocytic sorting signal in the envelope glycoprotein, increasing its expression on virions. Cats immunized with inactivated preparations of this modified virus exhibited strong titers of antibody to Env by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Evidence of protection following challenge demonstrated the potential of this approach to lentiviral vaccination.
High-Performance Indirect Current Control Scheme for Railway Traction Four-Quadrant Converters

In the recent development of railway traction drives, four-quadrant converters are widely adopted at the grid side as front-end converters. Since the switching frequency of such megawatt-rated converters is limited to several hundreds of hertz, the bandwidth of the current controller is usually restricted. In addition to feedback control of instantaneous current, indirect current control (ICC) is also an alternative in high-power low-switching-frequency applications. Suffering from the inherent cross coupling between active and reactive power as well as sluggish response of ac current, traditional ICC is not a perfect solution for power conversion. To realize the independent control of active and reactive power, a phasor diagram arranged in an orthogonal coordinate system is introduced. In order to improve the dynamic performance of ICC, a transient-free current control method is proposed after analyzing the characteristic of ac current response in detail. In addition, a large-signal model of dc voltage loop, which is based on the conception of average power control, is set up. Finally, robustness to circuit parameters and adaptability to weak grids are certified for the transient-free controller. Both simulation and experimental results are presented to prove the validity of the proposed control scheme.
Haplotype analysis of the folate-related genes MTHFR, MTRR, and MTR and migraine with aura

Aims The C677T variant in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; EC 1.5.1.20) enzyme, a key player in the folate metabolic pathway, has been associated with increased risk of migraine with aura. Other genes encoding molecular components of this pathway include methionine synthase (MTR; EC 2.1.1.13) and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR; EC 2.1.1.135) among others. We performed a haplotype analysis of migraine risk and MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR. Methods Study participants are from a random sub-sample participating in the population-based AGES-Reykjavik Study, including subjects with non-migraine headache (n = 367), migraine without aura (n = 85), migraine with aura (n = 167), and no headache (n = 1347). Haplotypes spanning each gene were constructed using Haploview. Association testing was performed on single SNP and haplotypes using logistic regression, controlling for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors and correcting for multiple testing. Results Haplotype analysis suggested an association between MTRR haplotypes and reduced risk of migraine with aura. All other associations were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. Conclusions These results suggest that MTRR variants may protect against migraine with aura in an older population.
Residual Vision in Multiple Retinal Locations within a Scotoma: Implications for Blindsight

There is an important new proposal that blindsight-the ability to detect and identify visual stimuli by forcedchoice guessing and in the absence of conscious awareness when they fall in blind regions of the visual fieldis a function of residual islands of undamaged visual cortex. This stands in contrast to the widely accepted view that blindsight is exclusively a function of secondary visual pathways. According to the new view, residual vision in blindsight should be patchy. Thus, when apparently wide areas of residual vision in blindsight are found, these may be due to eye-movements that allow stimuli to pass over retinal locations corresponding to islands of sparing. We tested this hypothesis by examining the distribution of residual vision in blindsight when the effects of eye movements on the retinal location of stimuli were minimized. We report a series of experiments that examined twealternate forcedchoice discrimination in the blind field of the subject GY. Using a dual-Purkinje image eye-tracker we applied three methods of minimizing the effects of retinal slippage due to eye-movements on discrimination performance: fixation stability-dependent trials, software image stabilization, and post hoc rejection of trials in which saccadic eye-movements were detected. In the first experiment, GY's discrimination performance was significantly above chance in 8 of 15 locations tested. In the subsequent experiments the subject knew the location of the target in each block of trials, and this resulted in improvements to performance in a further three locations. Increasing the luminance of the stimulus display (while maintaining 95% target contrast), and increasing the temporal discriminability of the forced choice produced performance above chance in all but two of the locations tested. The consistent chance performance observed in two locations in the lower visual field nevertheless implies that GY's blindsight does not extend over the whole of his scotoma. Nevertheless, abolishing, or minimizing, the effects of eye-movements did not result in a loss of detection in all the widely separated regions tested, and we thus conclude that GY's blindsight cannot adequately be explained in terms of islands of spared vision. Islands may account for residual vision in scotomata in some patients, but cannot be a universal account of the phenomenon of blindsight.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of a High Fill-Factor, Large Scan-Angle, Two-Axis Scanner Array Driven by a Leverage Mechanism

We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a high fill-factor, large scan-angle, two-axis scanner array. The two-axis microelectromechanical-systems (MEMS) mirror is driven by electrostatic vertical comb-drive actuators through four motion amplifying levers. The maximum mechanical rotation angles are$pm 6.7^circ$at 75 V for both axes, leading to total optical scan angle of 26.8$^circ$. The resonant frequency is 5.9 kHz before metallization. A linear fill factor of 98% is achieved for the one-dimensional (1-D) micromirror array. This 1D array of two-axis micromirrors was designed for$1times N ^2$wavelength-selective switches (WSSs). In addition to two-axis rotation, piston motion with a stroke of 11.7$mu m$is also attained.1731
Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivity:Financial Constraints or Agency Costs?

The paper reinvestigates the investment-cash flow sensitivity of listed firms in China with the measure error of Tobin's Q being controlled.The result shows that investment is still sensitive to the cash flow even when we control the measure error of Tobin's Q.However,we find that firms that are less financial constrained exhibit greater investment-cash flow sensitivity than those classified as more financial constrained.The motive test on this "abnormal" result shows that: firms that are less financial constrained tend to overinvest,with the investment-cash flow sensitivity induced by agency costs,while those that are more financial constrained tend to underinvest,with the investment-cash flow sensitivity induced by asymmetric information.
Vascular smooth muscle Na+-H+ exchanger kinetics and its activation by angiotensin II.

We have studied the kinetic properties of basal and angiotensin II (ANG II)-stimulated Na+-H+ exchange in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Initial rates of 22Na+ influx were measured in the presence of ouabain (1 mM) and bumetanide (0.1 mM) with and without amiloride after intracellular acidification by preincubation in Na-free media. The kinetics of amiloride (100 microM)-sensitive Na+ influx were studied under the following conditions: 1) constant intracellular pH (pHi; 6.8) and varying external Na+ (Na+o), which gave a Km of 23.6 +/- 2.0 (SD, n = 3) mM and a maximum velocity (Vmax) of 25 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1 (varying the amiloride concentration gave a Ki of 22 microM for inhibition under these conditions); and 2) constant Na+o (100 mM) and varying pHi (from 7.4 to 6.2), which indicated that amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx was stimulated by cell acidification when an outward H+ gradient was imposed. ANG II-stimulated amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx for up to 30 min with a half-maximal activation 10(-8) M. The pHi dependence from cell pH (pHi 7.2-6.2) of amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx stimulated by ANG II was similar to that of the basal values, a finding indicating that ANG II did not change the affinity of Na+-H+ exchange for intracellular H+. However, at pHi 6.8, ANG II increased the Vmax of amiloride-sensitive Na+ influx from 25 to 33 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1 and markedly decreased the Km for Na+o from 23.6 +/- 7.4 to 3.7 (SD, n = 4; P less than 0.005) mM. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nutritional Requirements of Corynebacterium pyogenest

The nutritional requirements of Corynebacterium pyogenes (strains C100, 5, and 1909), a commonly encountered animal pathogen, were determined in this study. A semidefined medium (SDM) containing glucose, HCO3 , hemin, charcoal-treated Trypticase, and a defined mixture of purines and pyrimidines, amino acids, and minerals which supported optimal growth of C. pyogenes was employed in all nutritional studies. Adenine and uracil were required for optimal growth of strains 5 and C100 but were not required for strain 1909. Riboflavin and nicotinic acid were required for good growth of all three strains; biotin and thiamin were stimulatory but did not appear to be required for growth. Hemin and NaHCO3 were stimulatory for growth, whereas lipoic acid and Tween 80 were neither stimulatory nor required for growth. The replacement of Trypticase with a specific peptide fraction (obtained by fractionation of Trypticase on Sephadex G25) rich in dipeptides gave growth comparable to that in SDM, indicating a peptide requirement for the growth of C. pyogenes. It was of considerable interest that growth comparable to that in SDM was obtained when Trypticase was replaced by inositol (1 [.g/ml of SDM).
Broadband millimeter wave cavity backed patch antenna sub-array using advanced multi-layer PCB technology

In this paper, a new cavity backed microstrip patch antenna sub-array, which is fabricated in an advanced high resolution multi-layer PCB technology is presented. This sub-array consists of two corporate fed elements. To reduce backside radiation, a microstrip to stripline transition is used for connecting the IC's on the other side of the board. This antenna is designed for 79 GHz radar applications, and has a wide impedance bandwidth of 17.12%. The gain and efficiency are 7.1 dB and 85% respectively. Furthermore, measurements have been performed, and show a good agreement with simulations.