Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face Recognition across Large Viewpoint Changes

We describe a computational model of face recognition that makes use of the overlapping texture and shape information visible in different views of faces. The model operates on view dependent data from three-dimensional laser scans of human heads, wich provided three-dimensional surface data as well as surface image detail in form of a texture map. View-dependent information from the surface and texture representations was registered onto separate three-dimensional head models. We used an auto-associative memory model as a pattern completion device to fill in parts of the head from a lerned view when a test view with partially overlapping information was used as a memory key- We show that the overlapping visible regions of heads for both surface and texture data can support accurate recognition, even with pose differences of as much as 90 degrees (full face to profile view) between the learning and test view.
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In this paper, a model-based head tracking from monocular and non-calibrated video sequences is presented. The proposed method relies on the matching of a 3D generic head model and 2D image features extracted from the input sequence. Head tracking is based on the minimization of an error function which describes the discrepancies between model and image features. Motion and texture information are considered in order to make tracking stable. Minimization is obtained applying a gradient based technique. The sequence of reconstructed head poses allows simple gesture recognition. After pose reconstruction, the input image is warped into the texture map of the model. The stabilized view of the face obtained, can be used to improve facial expression analysis and reconstruction. The overall performance of the non-optimized head tracking algorithm is about 30 frames/sec on a Pentium III 500. Data about the reconstruction accuracy achievable with our technique are also presented.
Design and Implementation of a Consolidated Middlebox Architecture

Network deployments handle changing application, workload, and policy requirements via the deployment of specialized network appliances or "middleboxes". Today, however, middlebox platforms are expensive and closed systems, with little or no hooks for extensibility. Furthermore, they are acquired from independent vendors and deployed as standalone devices with little cohesiveness in how the ensemble of middleboxes is managed. As network requirements continue to grow in both scale and variety, this bottom-up approach puts middlebox deployments on a trajectory of growing device sprawl with corresponding escalation in capital and management costs. To address this challenge, we present CoMb, a new architecture for middlebox deployments that systematically explores opportunities for consolidation, both at the level of building individual middleboxes and in managing a network of middleboxes. This paper addresses key resource management and implementation challenges that arise in exploiting the benefits of consolidation in middlebox deployments. Using a prototype implementation in Click, we show that CoMb reduces the network provisioning cost 1.8-2.5× and reduces the load imbalance in a network by 2-25×.
Deciphering the Glycosylome of Dystroglycanopathies Using Haploid Screens for Lassa Virus Entry

Viruses and Congenital Disorders Mutations in genes involved in α-dystroglycan O-linked glycosylation result in posttranslation modifications associated with the congenital disease Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). This cellular modification is also required for efficient Lassa virus infection of cells. Jae et al. (p. 479, published online 21 March) screened for genes involved in O-glycosylation that affected Lassa virus infection and identified candidates involved in glycosylation. Individuals from different pedigrees exhibiting WWS had unique mutations among genes identified in the genetic screen. Thus, comprehensive forward genetic screens can be used to define the genetic architecture of a complex disease. Deficiencies in the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan interfere with Lassa virus entry and link to Walker-Warburg syndrome Glycosylated α-dystroglycan (α-DG) serves as cellular entry receptor for multiple pathogens, and defects in its glycosylation cause hereditary Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS). At least eight proteins are critical to glycosylate α-DG, but many genes mutated in WWS remain unknown. To identify modifiers of α-DG, we performed a haploid screen for Lassa virus entry, a hemorrhagic fever virus causing thousands of deaths annually that hijacks glycosylated α-DG to enter cells. In complementary screens, we profiled cells for absence of α-DG carbohydrate chains or biochemically related glycans. This revealed virus host factors and a suite of glycosylation units, including all known Walker-Warburg genes and five additional factors critical for the modification of α-DG. Our findings accentuate the complexity of this posttranslational feature and point out genes defective in dystroglycanopathies.
Asserting reliable convergence for configuration management scripts

The rise of elastically scaling applications that frequently deploy new machines has led to the adoption of DevOps practices across the cloud engineering stack. So-called configuration management tools utilize scripts that are based on declarative resource descriptions and make the system converge to the desired state. It is crucial for convergent configurations to be able to gracefully handle transient faults, e.g., network outages when downloading and installing software packages. In this paper we introduce a conceptual framework for asserting reliable convergence in configuration management. Based on a formal definition of configuration scripts and their resources, we utilize state transition graphs to test whether a script makes the system converge to the desired state under different conditions. In our generalized model, configuration actions are partially ordered, often resulting in prohibitively many possible execution orders. To reduce this problem space, we define and analyze a property called preservation, and we show that if preservation holds for all pairs of resources, then convergence holds for the entire configuration. Our implementation builds on Puppet, but the approach is equally applicable to other frameworks like Chef, Ansible, etc. We perform a comprehensive evaluation based on real world Puppet scripts and show the effectiveness of the approach. Our tool is able to detect all idempotence and convergence related issues in a set of existing Puppet scripts with known issues as well as some hitherto undiscovered bugs in a large random sample of scripts.
Downlink Coverage Analysis for a Finite 3-D Wireless Network of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this paper, we consider a finite network of unmanned aerial vehicles serving a given region. Modeling this network as a uniform binomial point process, we derive the downlink coverage probability of a reference receiver located at an arbitrary position on the ground assuming Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading for all wireless links. The reference receiver is assumed to connect to its closest transmitting node as is usually the case in cellular systems. After deriving the distribution of distances from the reference receiver to the serving and interfering nodes, we derive an exact expression for downlink coverage probability in terms of the derivative of Laplace transform of interference power distribution. In the downlink of this system, it is not unusual to encounter scenarios in which the line-of-sight component is significantly stronger than the reflected multipath components. To emulate such scenarios, we also derive the coverage probability in the absence of fading from the results of Nakagami-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> fading by taking the limit <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m \to \infty$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Using asymptotic expansion of incomplete gamma function, we concretely show that this limit reduces to a redundant condition. Consequently, we derive an accurate coverage probability approximation for this case using dominant interferer-based approach in which the effect of dominant interferer is exactly captured and the residual interference from other interferers is carefully approximated. We then derive the bounds of the approximate coverage probability using Berry-Esseen theorem. Our analyses reveal several useful trends in coverage probability as a function of height of the transmitting nodes and the location of reference receiver on the ground.
Reduced anxiety in the mice expressing mutant (N141I) presenilin 2

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. The effect of presenilin 1 (PS1) and PS2 mutation on cognition has been well characterized in a variety of transgenic mice. However, noncognitive behaviors have not been considered in these mice. In the present study, we found that transgenic mice expressing mutant PS2 (N141I) displayed decreased anxiety behavior determined by the elevated plus maze test and the light dark box test. However, these mice showed biphasic ambulatory activity (hyperactivity followed by hypoactivity) in an open field test. Correlated well with the reduced anxiety, expression of GABAAα1 receptor was higher whereas c‐Fos was lower in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of the mice expressing PS2 mutation than those of the wild‐type PS2 or nontransgenic control mice. These data indicate that PS2 mutation causes reduction of anxiety, and this effect may be related to the change of the expression of GABAAα1 receptor and c‐Fos. These findings could be useful in the understanding and the treatment of AD patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“Dangerous conversations”: a case study involving language

Purpose – Drawing on the approach of Bourdieu (1977, 1986), and using language as an exemplar, the purpose of this paper is to engage in a “dangerous conversation” to explore how and why issues of diversity were mobilised, ignored and leveraged in one particular service context. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research exploring the language choices of 25 service users who had been processed through the criminal Justice System in Wales in the last five years. Findings – The argument is made that in some service contexts, a habitus obtains that renders reflexivity about diversity issues problematic and predicates against the critical reflection necessary to promote anti-oppressive practice. Research limitations/implications – Small sample size, not generalisable. Practical implications – The authors intend the paper to encourage greater reflection on instances when diversity issues are raised and to render simplistic any attempt to invalidate claims of discrimination. Social implications – Encour.
Functional role of an islet transcription factor, INSM1/IA‐1, on pancreatic acinar cell trans‐differentiation

In this study, the functional role of INSM1 is examined with an AR42J acinar cell model for trans‐differentiation into insulin‐positive cells. Islet transcription factors (ITFs: INSM1, Pdx‐1, and NeuroD1) are over‐expressed in AR42J cells using adenoviral vectors. Addition of Ad‐INSM1 alone or the combination of three ITFs to the AR42J cells triggers cellular trans‐differentiation. Ectopic expression of INSM1 directly induces insulin, Pax6, and Nkx6.1 expression, whereas Pdx‐1 and NeuroD1 were slightly suppressed by INSM1. Addition of Pdx‐1 and NeuroD1 with INSM1 further enhances endocrine trans‐differentiation by increasing both the numbers and intensity of the insulin–positive cells with simultaneous activation of ITFs, Ngn3 and MafA. INSM1 expression alone partially inhibits dexamethasone‐induced exocrine amylase expression. The combination of the three ITFs completely inhibits amylase expression and concomitantly induces greater acinar cell trans‐differentiation into endocrine cells. Also, addition of the three ITFs promotes EGF and TGFβ receptors expression. Stimulation by the three ITFs along with the EGF/TGFβ growth factors strongly promotes insulin gene expression. The combination of the three ITFs and EGF/TGFβ growth factors with the primary cultured pancreatic acini also facilitates exocrine to endocrine cell differentiation. Taken together, both the AR42J cell line and the primary cultured mouse acinar cells support INSM1 induced acini trans‐differentiation model. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 2470–2479, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experience with Danish mix-ELISA in the United States

This article details some of our experiences with Danish mix-ELISA (DME) testing on herds in the United States. In contrast to Denmark, clinical outbreaks of Salmonella Choleraesuis occur in the United States. We examine the appropriateness of the current cut-off of OD%>=40 for U.S. herds by examining serum and fecal samples collected from individual pigs and tested with the DME and culture, respectively. We report the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the DME using the original and possibly modified cut-off values. The 30% cutoff was deemed optimal with a sensitivity of . 57 (.45, .82) and a specificity of . 84 (.68, .98) for the first set of samples and . 69 (.49, .93) and . 63 (.53, .76) for the second set of samples. A major use of these tests is for monitoring herds for Salmonella exposure over time. Information on the sensitivity and specificity of the DME is helpful in determining how many animals in a herd to sample and how often.
Single Nanoparticle Detection Using Optical Microcavities

Detection of nanoscale objects is highly desirable in various fields such as early‐stage disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and homeland security. Optical microcavity sensors are renowned for ultrahigh sensitivities due to strongly enhanced light‐matter interaction. This review focuses on single nanoparticle detection using optical whispering gallery microcavities and photonic crystal microcavities, both of which have been developing rapidly over the past few years. The reactive and dissipative sensing methods, characterized by light‐analyte interactions, are explained explicitly. The sensitivity and the detection limit are essentially determined by the cavity properties, and are limited by the various noise sources in the measurements. On the one hand, recent advances include significant sensitivity enhancement using techniques to construct novel microcavity structures with reduced mode volumes, to localize the mode field, or to introduce optical gain. On the other hand, researchers attempt to lower the detection limit by improving the spectral resolution, which can be implemented by suppressing the experimental noises. We also review the methods of achieving a better temporal resolution by employing mode locking techniques or cavity ring up spectroscopy. In conclusion, outlooks on the possible ways to implement microcavity‐based sensing devices and potential applications are provided.
Cogging torque effect on motor start-up in a sensorless motor drive for permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper deals with issues created by the cogging torque exhibited in permanent magnet synchronous motors in a motor drive with field oriented control. Experimental results are shown for both the start-up procedure and the steady-state operation of the used motor. The static and cogging torque are also measured at low speed to optimize the parameters of the start-up algorithm.
Critical Care Nurse Personality and Methods of Coping After a Critical Incident

Critical care nurses frequently experience traumatic events that are physically and emotionally overwhelming. Examples of these situations include failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts, physical and verbal attacks from volatile patients and their families, and caring for victims of horrific motor vehicle accidents and national disasters. Such events are termed critical incidents (Mitchell, 2006). Critical incidents are commonly viewed as a difficult but realistic part of working in intensive care units, emergency departments, and other critical care areas. The demands of immediacy and vigilance in critical care settings do not create a conducive environment for nurses to address their own thoughts and feelings after a critical stressor. Critical care nurses often must rebound quickly from one unsettling event only to immediately encounter other exhaustive, stressful situations. They are repeatedly left to deal with their personal emotions, thoughts, and reflections of critical incidents without structured support or guidance. Many nurses develop critical incident stress with ineffective coping patterns that impair their critical thinking ability, performance, and overall well-being (Mitchell, 2006). If left unresolved, critical incident stress contributes to an increase in medication and treatment errors (Blacklock, 1998; Dugan et al, 1996; Harvey, 2006; Hays, Mannahan, Cuaderes, & Wallace, 2006), absenteeism and stress disability claims that will cost the health care industry a projected $150 billion over the next twenty years (Caine & Bagdasarian, 2003 ), and nursing workforce attrition because of unresolved stress, lack of support, and unhealthy work
Acute skeletal muscle injury: CCL2 expression by both monocytes and injured muscle is required for repair

CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a ligand of CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), is essential to mount an adequate inflammatory response to repair acute skeletal muscle injury. We studied the mechanisms by which CCL2 regulates muscle inflammation and regeneration. Mobilization of monocytes/macrophages (MOs/MPs) but not lymphocytes or neutrophils was impaired from bone marrow to blood and from blood to injured muscles in Ccl2–/– mice. This was accompanied by poor phagocytosis, reduced up‐regulation of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), and impaired muscle regeneration. Bone marrow transfer from wild‐type mice to irradiated Ccr2–/– but not Ccl2–/– mice restored muscle inflammation. Intravenously injected CCL2‐deficient bone marrow monocytes could not enter wild‐type injured muscles as well as wild‐type bone marrow monocytes. Intravenously injected wild‐type bone marrow monocytes could not enter CCL2‐deficient injured muscles as well as wild‐type injured muscles. CCL2 stimulated IGF‐1 expression by wild‐type but not CCR2‐deficient intramuscular macrophages. A single intramuscular injection of IGF‐1, but not PBS, markedly improved muscle regeneration in Ccl2–/– mice. We conclude that CCL2 is a major ligand of CCR2 to recruit MOs/MPs into injured muscles to conduct phagocytosis and produce IGF‐1 for injury repair. CCL2 needs to be expressed by bone marrow cells, circulating monocytes, and injured muscle tissue cells to recruit MOs/MPs into injured muscles. CCL2/CCR2 signaling also up‐regulates IGF‐1 expression by intramuscular macrophages to promote acute skeletal muscle injury repair. —Lu, H. , Huang, D. , Ransohoff, R. M. , Zhou, L. Acute skeletal muscle injury: CCL2 expression by both monocytes and injured muscle is required for repair. FASEB J. 25, 3344–3355 (2011). www.fasebj. org
Cognitive packet networks

We propose cognitive packet networks (CPN) in which intelligent capabilities for routing and flow control are concentrated in the packets, rather than in the nodes and protocols. Cognitive packets within a CPN route themselves. They are assigned goals before entering the network and pursue these goals adaptively. Cognitive packets learn from their own observations about the network and from the experience of other packets with whom they exchange information via mailboxes. Cognitive packets rely minimally on routers. This paper describes CPN and shows how learning can support intelligent behavior of cognitive packets.
Indigenous Poverty In New South Wales Major Cities: A Multidimensional Analysis

Income alone is an insufficient indicator of poverty, which is a multidimensional phenomenon. Previous research demonstrates that Indigenous people are disadvantaged according to multiple indicators and the nature and solutions to poverty differ depending on location. In this paper the interconnected aspects of Indigenous poverty in New South Wales major cities are demonstrated based on a framework developed by the Productivity Commission's Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision (SCRGSP 2003). In this framework, headline indicators identify multiple areas of disadvantage and strategic change indicators represent possible causes of disadvantage that can be targeted by policy makers. The results of an econometric analysis, using 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey data, suggest the key causes of Indigenous disadvantage and the interdependence of headline indicators, including health, labour force outcomes, education, income, victimisation and incarceration. The recent New South Wales policy approach Two Ways Together recognises this interdependence and has the potential to improve Indigenous welfare in New South Wales major cities. However, an examination of specific policy documents and preliminary evidence drawn from changes in the gaps between Indigenous and non-Indigenous outcomes indicates that further progress is required to reduce Indigenous poverty in major cities of New South Wales.
Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hypertrophy and Hyperploidy in the Goldblatt Hypertensive Rat

Our major objective in this study was to examine the hypothesis that the aortic smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperploidy observed in previous studies of spontaneously hypertensive rats is not peculiar to that model, but also occurs in Sprague-Dawley rats made hypertensive by a Goldblatt procedure (two-kidney, one-dip model). Flow microfluorometric and microdensitometric analysis of smooth muscle cell DNA content showed a significant increase in the frequency of tetraploid smooth muscle cells from 5.6 ± 0.9% in controls to 14.6 ± 1.94% in hypertensives 1 month after Goldblatt surgery. Neither differences in ploidy nor elevation in blood pressure were apparent 2 weeks after surgery. The frequency of polyploid smooth muscle cells increased with age, duration of hypertension, and level of blood pressure. Analysis of the interrelationship between smooth muscle cell ploidy and hypertrophy in 5-month post-surgery Goldblatts by cytospectrophotometric measurements of the protein and DNA content of individual smooth muscle cells showed that tetraploid and octaploid cells from Goldblatt rats had 64% and 129% greater protein mass, respectively, than diploid cells. In addition, the mean protein mass of smooth muscle cells from Goldblatts was approximately 100% greater than that of normotensive controls, with each of the ploidy classes in Goldblatts having a higher frequency and mass than the corresponding cells in controls. Estimates of cell number per centimeter aortic length, based on measurements of average DNA/cell and total aortic medial DNA, showed no difference between hypertensives and controls. Furthermore, the rate of accumulation of polyploid cells could account for the increased frequency of cells undergoing DNA synthesis as measured by [3H]thymidine autoradiogTaphy. Thus, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, not hyperplasia, was responsible for the increased mass of smooth muscle in aortas of Goldblatt hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls, and this smooth muscle cell hypertrophy was accompanied by an increase in DNA ploidy.