Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efeito neuroprotetor de diferentes programas de exercício físico regular forçado em modelo de isquema in vitro

Evidencias sugerem que o exercicio fisico pode ajudar a manter a saude cerebral e suas funcoes. Os mecanismos moleculares pelos quais o exercicio afeta a funcao cerebral ainda nao estao estabelecidos, porem sugere-se que ocorra ativacao de vias celulares e moleculares que contribuam a neuroprotecao. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do exercicio fisico regular moderado em diferentes frequencias/intensidades sobre a integridade hipocampal apos uma injuria isquemica in vitro, e investigar seu possivel mecanismo de neuroprotecao atrves da quantificacao do BDNF. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas. No primeiro trabalho um grupo de animais foi treinado durante 3 semanas, 2 vezes ao dia e outro grupo treinado cronicamente (12 semanas, durante 20 minutos), contudo com diferentes frequencias na realizacao da atividade fisica, que ocorreram 1 ou 3 vezes por semana. O grupo sedentario foi submetido a esteira sem movimento durante 3 minutos. Os animais foram decapitados cerca de 16 horas apos a ultima sessao de treino. Os cerebros forma dissecados, o hipocampo imediatamente fatiado em “chopper” e s fatias randomizadas em duas placas controle (NPOG) e privada de oxigenio e glicose (POG). Apos 3 h de reoxigenacao, foram realizados os ensaios de avaliacao da viabilidade celular, atraves da atividade mitocondrial, e de lise celular, pela determinacao da liberacao da enzima citosolica lactato desidrogenase. A POG significativamente reduziu a viabilidade celular em aproximadamente 40%, mas nao houve diferenca entre os grupos exercitados e o grupo sedentario. A POG aumentou a lise celular, nao havendo diferenca significativa entre o grupo sedentario e os exercitados uma vez por semana. Por outro lado, o exercicio realizado 3 vezes por semana reverteu parcialmente o aumento do dano celular causado pela isquemia. No segundo trabalho, o hipocampo nao utilizado para o ensaio da POG, foi utilizado para a quantificacao do BDNF(Kit ELISA - BDNF Emax® ImmunoAssay System), a fim de relacionar o possivel mecanismo de acao deste protocolo. Tambem, realizamos outro tipo de treino com diferente frequencia (2 semanas, com treinos diarios de 20 minutos), o qual ja demonstrou seu efeito neuroprotetor em outro trabalho realizado em nosso laboratorio (Scopel et al., 2006), portanto, tambem realizamos o ensaio do BDNF neste protocolo nas estruturas: hipocampo, estriado, cortex e cerebelo. Surpreendentemente, tanto o exercicio realizado cronicamente (1 e 3 vezes por semana), quanto o realizado diariamente durante 2 semanas, nao alteraram os niveis de BDNF. Corroborando achados da literatura, o BDNF esta presente em altas concentracoes no hipocampo quando comparados a outras estruturas estudadas. Nossos dados demonstram que as celulas hipocampais frente ao exercicio moderado apresentam baixa susceptibilidade ao dano isquemico, e que o exercicio com intensidade moderada realizado tres vezes por semana reduz o dano produzido pela isquemia in vitro. Em relacao ao possivel mecanismo de acao envolvido neste processo, nossos dados sugerem que…
Differential inhibition of tumour cell‐induced platelet aggregation by the nicotinate aspirin prodrug (ST0702) and aspirin

Tumour cell‐induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) facilitates cancer cell invasion, angiogenesis and the formation of metastatic foci. TCIPA can be modulated by pharmacological inhibitors of MMP‐2 and ADP; however, the COX inhibitor aspirin did not prevent TCIPA. In this study, we have tested the pharmacological effects of a new group of isosorbide‐based aspirin prodrugs on TCIPA.
Marketing to Millennials: Reach the Largest and Most Influential Generation of Consumers Ever

The numbers cannot be ignored: eighty million Millennials wielding $200 billion in buying power are entering their peak earning and spending years. Companies that think winning their business is a simple matter of creating a Twitter account and applying outdated notions of “cool” to their advertising are due for a rude awakening. Marketing to Millennials is both an enlightening look at this generation of consumers and a practical plan for earning their trust and loyalty. Based on original market research, the book reveals the eight attitudes shared by most Millennials, as well as the new rules for engaging them successfully. Millennials: Value social networking and aren’t shy about sharing opinions Refuse to remain passive consumers—they expect to participate in product development and marketing Demand authenticity and transparency Are highly influential—swaying parents and peers Are not all alike—understanding key segments is invaluable Featuring expert interviews and profiles of brands doing Millennial marketing right, this eye-opening book is the key to persuading the customers who will determine the bottom line for decades to come.
Cell cycle-regulated association of E2F1 and Sp1 is related to their functional interaction

Because of the large number of growth-regulated genes containing binding sites for the transcription factors Sp1 and E2F and the reported ability of E2F to mediate cell cycle (growth) regulation, we studied interactions between E2F1 and Sp1. In transient transfection assays using Drosophila melanogaster SL2 cells, transfection with both Sp1 and E2F1 expression vectors resulted in greater than 85-fold activation of transcription from a hamster dihydrofolate reductase reporter construct, whereas cotransfection with either the Sp1 or E2F1 expression vector resulted in 30- or <2-fold activation, respectively. Therefore, these transcription factors act synergistically in activation of dihydrofolate reductase transcription. Transient transfection studies demonstrated that E2F1 could superactivate Sp1-dependent transcription in a promoter containing only Sp1 sites and that Sp1 could superactivate transcription of promoters through E2F sites, further demonstrating that these physically associated in Drosophila cells transfected with Sp1 and E2F1 expression vectors and in human cells, with maximal interaction detected in mid- to late G1. Additionally, E2F1 and Sp1 interact in vitro through specific domains of each protein, and the physical interaction and functional synergism appear to require the same regions. Taken together, these data demonstrate that E2F1 and Sp1 both functionally and physically interact; therefore this interaction, Sp1 and E2F1 may regulate transcription of genes containing binding sites for either or both factors.
Design of stable model reference adaptive system via Lyapunov rule for control of a chemical reactor

In this paper, two model reference adaptive control strategy including MIT rule and Lyapunov rule are used to design iterative learning controllers for a chemical-reactor system with uncertain parameters, initial output resetting error and input disturbance. The learning controller compensates for the unknown parameters, uncertainties, and nonlinearity using adaptation law which updates control parameters. It is shown that the internal signals remain bounded if we use a Lyapunov base algorithm, but the algorithm via MIT rule can! t guarantee the stability of system in all conditions. The output tracking error will converge to a profile which can be tuned by design parameters and the convergence speed is improved if the adaptation gain is large. The proposed control algorithm was simulated using MATLAB / Simulink software package to validate the performance of designed algorithm.
Learning Management System (LMS) in higher education institutions

E-learning is an important role in this knowledge era. Learning Management System (LMS) is a tool which is used as a platform to implement e-learning process. It provides an efficient and effective ways to store, manage, share its academic resources and knowledge and supplement their traditional way of teaching. The implementation of LMS has become a requirement at universities as it is enhancing the teaching and learning environment. The students’ viewpoints, lecturers’ performance, characteristics of LMS and support of university that play a significant role in determining e-learning implementation. In conclusion, universities should use LMS by improving learners’ viewpoints, must confirm that the lecturers are using the LMS in their teaching and learning activities and they are capable to use it, must point out the importance of LMS on learning environment and provide good service for effective LMS implementation in university learning environment.
Supervised Image Segmentation Based on Tree-Structured MRF Model in Wavelet Domain

In the tree-structured Markov random field (TS-MRF) model, a sequence of MRFs was hierarchically defined on the single spatial resolution in the format of a tree structure which might suffer from the deficiency of modeling the nonstationary property of a given image. In order to overcome such a problem and motivated by nonredundant directional selectivity and highly discriminative nature of the wavelet representation, we attempt to introduce the TS-MRF model into the wavelet domain and propose a new image modeling method-WTS-MRF, in which each MRF is defined over a multiresolution subset of the lattice sites corresponding to the wavelet decomposition. Based on WTS-MRF, a supervised image segmentation algorithm is carried out, and experiment on a remotely sensed image proves the better performance than the supervised segmentation algorithm based on the TS-MRF model.
Fuzzy Controller to Stochastic Systems

Abstract—This paper proposes the analysis and design of robust fuzzy control to Stochastic Parametrics Uncertaint Linear systems. This system type to be controlled is partitioned into several linear sub-models, in terms of transfer function, forming a convex polytope, similar to LPV (Linear Parameters Varying) system. Once defined the linear sub-models of the plant, these are organized into fuzzy TakagiSugeno (TS) structure. From the Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) strategy, a mathematical formulation is defined in the frequency domain, based on the gain and phase margins specifications, to obtain robust PI sub-controllers in accordance to the TakagiSugeno fuzzy model of the plant. The main results of the paper are based on the robust stability conditions with the proposal of one Axiom and two Theorems.
Neural correlates of movement preparation in healthy ageing

Motor disorders increase dramatically with age; however, little is known about non‐clinical ageing of motor control mechanisms and their respective neural correlates. With the present experiment we aimed to study age effects on advance movement preparation, a key characteristic of motor behaviour that is known to involve premotor and primary motor circuits. The respective brain regions are subject to age‐related brain atrophy of grey and white matter, and we therefore hypothesized that motor preparation mechanisms may be altered in older persons.
Neuronal maturation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus via chronic oral administration of Artemisa annua extract is independent of cyclooxygenase 2 signaling pathway in diet-induced obesity mouse model

Recently, we reported that Artemisia annua (AA) has anti-adipogenic properties in vitro and in vivo. Reduction of adipogenesis by AA treatment may dampen systemic inflammation and protect neurons from cytokine-induced damage. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess whether AA increases neuronal maturation by reducing inflammatory responses, such as those mediated by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet with or without chronic daily oral administration of AA extract (0.2 g/10 mL/kg) for 4 weeks; then, changes in their hippocampal dentate gyri were measured via immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence staining for bromodexoxyuridine, doublecortin, and neuronal nuclei, markers of neuronal maturation, and quantitative western blotting for COX-2 and Iba-1, in order to assess correlations between systemic inflammation (interleukin-6) and food type. Additionally, we tested the effect of AA in an Alzheimer's disease model of Caenorhabditis elegans and uncovered a potential benefit. The results show that chronic AA dosing significantly increases neuronal maturation, particularly in the high-fat diet group. This effect was seen in the absence of any changes in COX-2 levels in mice given the same type of food, pointing to the possibility of alternate anti-inflammatory pathways in the stimulation of neurogenesis and neuro-maturation in a background of obesity.
Competing risks analysis of patients with osteosarcoma: a comparison of four different approaches

In failure time studies involving a chronic disease such as cancer, several competing causes of mortality may be operating. Commonly, the conventional statistical technique of Kaplan–Meier, which is only meaningfully interpreted by assuming independence of failure types and the censoring mechanism, is employed in clinical research involving competing risks data. Some authors have advocated the use of a cause‐specific cumulative incidence function which takes into account the existence of other events within a competing risks framework, without making any assumption about independence. Lunn and McNeil have proposed an approach based on an extension of the Cox proportional hazards regression, which enables direct comparisons between failure types. We have extended this approach to estimate cause‐specific cumulative incidence. As it is often not easy to follow competing risks methodology in the literature, this paper sets out systematically the assumptions made and the steps taken to implement four different methods of analysing competing risks data using cumulative incidence rates or the Kaplan–Meier estimates of cause‐specific failure probabilities. The data obtained from a randomized trial of patients with osteosarcoma were used to compare these four approaches. As illustrated using the osteosarcoma data, the estimates of the classical Kaplan–Meier methods have larger numerical values than the cause‐specific cumulative incidence. On the other hand, estimates of the cause‐specific cumulative incidence rates from the conventional method and the modified Cox method are highly comparable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Augmentation with Swine Small Intestine Submucosa on Tendon Healing under Tension

Background Rotator cuff failure after surgery may be attributed to inferior tissue healing properties that result from repetitive cyclic loading during early rehabilitation. Enhancing the biological healing process may reduce the incidence of failures after rotator cuff repairs. Hypothesis Augmentation of rotator cuff tissue using swine small intestine submucosa in a sheep model will improve the rate and quality of tissue repair. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods We resected and reattached 26 sheep infraspinatus tendons under tension, with 13 animals receiving a small intestine submucosa patch (augmented group). Animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks, and biomechanical testing and histologic evaluation were performed. Biomechanical testing was completed in 10 tendons from each group. Specimens were loaded to failure at a constant displacement to obtain the load deformation curve used to calculate load to failure and stiffness of the healed bone-tendon interface. Histologic testing addressed tissue healing at the bone-tendon interface. Results The load-to-failure data did not indicate a significant difference between the augmented and nonaugmented groups (1252 ± 402 N vs 985 ± 459 N, respectively; P >. 05). However, the augmented group had significantly better stiffness than the nonaugmented group (215 ± 44 N/mm vs 154 ± 63 N/mm, respectively; P =. 03). Histologic data revealed that the infraspinatus tendon in all specimens inserted into the bone through a zone of fibrocartilage, although none of the patches were intact. Conclusion Although there were no differences in the load-to-failure data between the 2 groups, the statistically significant improvement in stiffness for the augmented group is clinically relevant. Stiffness is the biomechanical parameter representing the tissue response to subdestructive loads seen with early rehabilitation. Augmenting the repair with a collagen matrix improved the early healing characteristics of the repair construct. Clinical Relevance Enhancing the biological process of tendon healing under tension by using a collagen matrix patch may improve the ultimate success of rotator cuff repair.
Review of Dissomphalus Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from Panama, with key to the Central American species.

Sixty-four species of Dissomphalus from Panama are recognized, 31 are described and illustrated as new to science: D. abarus sp. nov., D. afestus sp. nov., D. arbeius sp. nov., D. ardonius sp. nov., D. areius sp. nov., D. aretisus sp. nov., D. arteobius sp. nov., D. arteus sp. nov., D. asfartus sp. nov., D. asitius sp. nov., D. azagus sp. nov., D. borus sp. nov., D. citus sp. nov., D. ettus sp. nov., D. geortus sp. nov., D. ibocius sp. nov., D. ibrastus sp. nov., D. ilarius sp. nov., D. iozus sp. nov., D. isortus sp. nov., D. isteus sp. nov., D. racarus sp. nov., D. raziogus sp. nov., D. sartus sp. nov., D. teobus sp. nov., D. teraus sp. nov., D. terbius sp. nov., D. tisinus sp. nov., D. trisus sp. nov., D. urazius sp. nov. and D. ubracus sp. nov. Eight species are registered for the first time from Panama: D. angulatus Azevedo, D. galeatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. infissus Evans, D. persontaus Redighieri & Azevedo, D. pilus Alencar & Azevedo, D. politus Ashmead, D. pronus Alencar & Azevedo and D. vallensis Evans. Eighteen species had their known distribution broadened in the country: D. bilobatus Azevedo, D. brasiliensis Kieffer, D. cervoides Azevedo, D. coronatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. culteratus Alencar & Azevedo, D. curvifoveatus Azevedo, D. dilatatus Azevedo, D. geniculatus Azevedo, D. gilvipes Evans, D. guttus Azevedo, D. intradentatus Azevedo, D. piscicercus Azevedo, D. plaumanni Evans, D. punctatus (Kieffer), D. rettenmeyeri Evans, D. rufipalpis Kieffer, D. strepsus Azevedo and D. unitus Azevedo. Seven species previously recorded from Panama were not found in the studied material: D. altivolans Evans, D. apertus Kieffer, Alencar & Azevedo, D. declinatus Alencar & Azevedo, D. latus Azevedo, D. ramosus Alencar & Azevedo, D. strabus Azevedo and D. subdeformis Azevedo. A key to species of Dissomphalus from Central America is provided.
Confidence sequences for mean, variance, and median.

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Communicated by J. Neyman, May 1, 1967 1. Normal Means and Variances. -Let x1,x2,. be independent, identically dis1 n tributed random variables and put ((t) = E(exp(tx)), n= -x. In earlier n l papers' 2 we proved, among other things of a similar nature, the following inequality which we state as a LEMMA. Assume that (p(t) < exp(t2/2) for all t > 0. Let a > 1, c > 1 be arbitrary constants and set (with log2n = log log n)
A double-masked, randomized control trial of iron supplementation in early infancy in healthy term breast-fed infants.

OBJECTIVES To test whether iron supplementation affects hematologic, biochemical, and developmental status in term breast-fed infants. STUDY DESIGN Term breast-fed infants (n=77) were randomly selected to receive either 7.5 mg per day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo from 1 to 6 months of age. Investigators and families were unaware of group assignment. Complete blood count and ferritin, red cell superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power, and zinc and copper levels were analyzed at 1, 3.5, 6, and 12 months of age. Bayley mental and psychomotor developmental indexes (MDI and PDI) and visual acuity (with the use of Teller acuity cards) were assessed from 12 to 18 months of age. Analysis performed by analysis of variance and t tests was by intention to treat. RESULTS Iron supplementation resulted in higher hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume at 6 months of age and significantly higher visual acuity and PDI at 13 months of age (100+/-12 vs 93+/-9 [+/-SD]). Treatment and placebo groups did not differ in anthropometric indexes, compliance, biochemical status, or demographic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation of breast-fed infants appears safe and might have beneficial hematologic and developmental effects for some infants.
STOCHASTIC PREDICTION OF CYP3A-MEDIATED INHIBITION OF MIDAZOLAM CLEARANCE BY KETOCONAZOLE

Conventional methods to forecast CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interactions have not employed stochastic approaches that integrate pharmacokinetic (PK) variability and relevant covariates to predict inhibition in terms of probability and uncertainty. Empirical approaches to predict the extent of inhibition may not account for nonlinear or non-steady-state conditions, such as first-pass effects or accumulation of inhibitor concentration with multiple dosing. A physiologically based PK model was developed to predict the inhibition of CYP3A by ketoconazole (KTZ), using midazolam (MDZ) as the substrate. The model integrated PK models of MDZ and KTZ, in vitro inhibition kinetics of KTZ, and the variability and uncertainty associated with these parameters. This model predicted the time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effect of KTZ on MDZ oral clearance. The predictive performance of the model was validated using the results of five published KTZ-MDZ studies. The model improves the accuracy of predicting the inhibitory effect of increasing KTZ dosing on MDZ PK by incorporating a saturable KTZ efflux from the site of enzyme inhibition in the liver. The results of simulations using the model supported the KTZ dose of 400 mg once daily as the optimal regimen to achieve maximum inhibition by KTZ. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the most influential variable on the prediction of inhibition was the fractional clearance of MDZ mediated by CYP3A. The model may be used prospectively to improve the quantitative prediction of CYP3A inhibition and aid the optimization of study designs for CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interaction studies in drug development.
A Complex with Chromatin Modifiers That Occupies E2F- and Myc-Responsive Genes in G0 Cells

E2F-6 contributes to gene silencing in a manner independent of retinoblastoma protein family members. To better elucidate the molecular mechanism of repression by E2F-6, we have purified the factor from cultured cells. E2F-6 is found in a multimeric protein complex that contains Mga and Max, and thus the complex can bind not only to the E2F-binding site but also to Myc- and Brachyury-binding sites. Moreover, the complex contains chromatin modifiers such as a novel histone methyltransferase that modifies lysine 9 of histone H3, HP1γ, and Polycomb group (PcG) proteins. The E2F-6 complex preferentially occupies target promoters in G0 cells rather than in G1 cells. These data suggest that these chromatin modifiers contribute to silencing of E2F- and Myc-responsive genes in quiescent cells.
A novel nonsense mutation of the KAL gene in two brothers with Kallmann syndrome.

Kallmann syndrome (KS), defined by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia, can be caused by mutations in the KAL gene on Xp 22.3. This gene encodes an extracellular matrix glycoprotein called anosmin-1, which belongs to the class of cell adhesion molecules. In the absence of a functional KAL protein, migration of both olfactory and gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons is arrested. A defective anosmin-1 molecule may also play a role in the development of synkinesia and renal agenesis, which are exclusively seen in the X-linked form of KS. We describe the clinical presentation and molecular diagnosis of the defect in two brothers with KS. An X-linked mode of transmission was assumed on the basis of synkinesia and the presence of oligomenorrhoea in the mother. A novel nonsense mutation was found in exon 13 of the KAL gene, encoding the region of the fourth fibronectin type III repeat of anosmin-1, which results in an apparently nonfunctional truncated protein.