Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
tRNA modification activity is necessary for Tet(M)-mediated tetracycline resistance

Tet(M) protein interacts with the protein biosynthetic machinery to render this process resistant to the tetracycline in vivo and in vitro (V. Burdett, J. Biol. Chem. 266:2872-2877, 1991). To understand this process more completely, a mutant of Escherichia coli which is altered in the ability of Tet(M) to confer resistance has been identified. This mutation maps to miaA and displays phenotypes characteristic of previously isolated miaA mutations. The miaA gene product modifies A37 adjacent to the anticodon of several tRNA species. Both the mutant isolated in this work and previously isolated miaA mutants confer tetracycline sensitivity in the presence of functional Tet(M), both share a slow growth phenotype, and in neither case is a wild-type phenotype restored in trans by F'112 carrying the 89- to 98-min region of the chromosome. These similar phenotypes further substantiate the assignment of the mutation described here to the miaA locus.
Increased Left Ventricular Mass in Normotensive Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy

OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy increases the risk of premature cardiovascular disease and sudden death, particularly in type 1 diabetic patients. One possible mechanism for this risk may be left ventricular hypertrophy. In our study, we aimed to evaluate left ventricular structure and function in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS M-mode and Doppler echocardiography was performed in 17 type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy (albuminuria [median (range)], 345 (135–2,846) mg/24 h) and compared with 34 normotensive, normoalbuminuric (10 [3–30] mg/24 h) type 1 diabetic patients matched for arterial blood pressure (mean ± SD) ([134/77] ± [13/7] vs. [129/78] ± [12/7] mmHg), age (40 ± 11 vs. 42 ± 10 years), duration of diabetes (28 ± 7 vs. 28 ± 6 years), and BMI (24.2 ± 4.2 vs. 24.6 ± 2.4 kg/m2). RESULTS Left ventricular mass (LVM) index was significantly higher in patients with nephropathy compared with patients with normoalbuminuria (100.8 ± 10.3 vs. 88.2 ± 21.0 g/m2, respectively; P = 0.02). Greater ventricular septum width was demonstrated in the nephropathic group compared with the control group (9.4 ± 1.0 vs. 8.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively; P = 0.002). No significant difference in posterior wall thickness was apparent. The nephropathic group tended to have reduced diastolic function (E/A ratio, 1.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.4 ± 0.4; P = 0.09). Fractional shortening was normal and about the same in the two groups. The groups did not differ with respect to serum creatinine or hemoglobin, while metabolic control (assessed by HbA1c) and plasma renin and prorenin levels were elevated in the nephropathic group compared with the normoalbuminuric group. CONCLUSIONS A blood pressure-independent increase in LVM may contribute to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. Glycemic abnormalities and activation of the renin-angiotensin system may lead to the ventricular enlargement.
Natural Large‐Scale Regeneration of Rib Cartilage in a Mouse Model

The clinical need for methods to repair and regenerate large cartilage and bone lesions persists. One way to make new headway is to study skeletal regeneration when it occurs naturally. Cartilage repair is typically slow and incomplete. However, an exception to this observation can be found in the costal cartilages, where complete repair has been reported in humans but the cellular and molecular mechanisms have not yet been characterized. In this study, we establish a novel animal model for cartilage repair using the mouse rib costal cartilage. We then use this model to test the hypothesis that the perichondrium, the dense connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage, is a tissue essential for repair. Our results show that full replacement of the resected cartilage occurs quickly (within 1 to 2 months) and properly differentiates but that repair occurs only in the presence of the perichondrium. We then provide evidence that the rib perichondrium contains a special niche that houses chondrogenic progenitors that possess qualities particularly suited for mediating repair. Label‐retaining cells can be found within the perichondrium that can give rise to new chondrocytes. Furthermore, the perichondrium proliferates and thickens during the healing period and when ectopically placed can generate new cartilage. In conclusion, we have successfully established a model for hyaline cartilage repair in the mouse rib, which should be useful for gaining a more detailed understanding of cartilage regeneration and ultimately for developing methods to improve cartilage and bone repair in other parts of the skeleton. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Replica placement for p2p redundant data storage on unreliable, non-dedicated machines

P2P architecture appears to fit for enterprise backup. In contrast to dedicated backup servers, nowadays a standard solution, making backups directly on organization’s workstations should be cheaper (as existing hardware is used) and more efficient (as there is no single bottleneck server). However, non-dedicated machines cause other challenges. Update propagation algorithms must take into account frequent transient failures (computers turned off for nights or weekends). Hardware and network topology are heterogeneous. A replication system must not only handle resulting constraints (such as e.g. varying amount of disc space), but also take advantage of the diversity (and e.g., distribute replicas geographically). We present a p2p backup system using pairwise replication contracts between a data owner and a replicator (storing one of the replicas). In contrast to storing the data directly in a DHT, the contracts allow the system to optimize replicas’ placement depending on features of the data owner, the replicators and the network topology. To cope with replicators’ transient failures, the system propagates notification about the updates through asynchronous messages. Each peer has a few synchro-peers that, in case the peer is off-line, store these notifications. Once back online, the peer contacts its synchro-peers, and then explicitly requests latest versions of modified files it replicates from the owner, or from other replicas. We implemented the system and tested it on PlanetLab as well as 150 computers in the faculty’s student computer labs. We experimentally assess the cost of unavailability showing how the time needed for data backup increases non-linearly with machines’ unavailability. Individual workstations are certainly less reliable and less efficient than a dedicated backup server. Yet, as our experiments show, given a sufficient number of such workstations, a p2p backup system outperforms a centralized solution, benefiting from better scalability and distributed topology. P2P is a cheap and robust alternative for enterprise backup.
QUANTIFICATION OF MYO-INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE IN ALKALINE SOIL EXTRACTS BY SOLUTION 31P NMR SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL DECONVOLUTION

Inositol phosphates are the dominant class of organic phosphorus (P) compounds in most soils, but are poorly understood because they are not easily identified in soil extracts. This study reports a relatively simple technique using solution 31P NMR spectroscopy and spectral deconvolution for the quantification of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (phytic acid), the most abundant soil inositol phosphate, in alkaline soil extracts. An authentic myo-inositol hexakisphosphate standard added to a re-dissolved soil extract gave signals at 5.85, 4.92, 4.55, and 4.43 ppm in the ratio 1:2:2:1. Spectral deconvolution quantified these signals accurately (102 ± 4%) in solutions containing a mixture of model P compounds by resolving the envelope of signals in the orthophosphate monoester region. In NaOH-EDTA extracts from a range of lowland permanent pasture soils in England and Wales, concentrations of myo-inositol hexakisphosphate determined by spectral deconvolution ranged between 26 and 189 mg P kg−1 soil, equivalent to between 11 and 35% of the extracted organic P. Concentrations were positively correlated with oxalate-extractable aluminum and iron but were not correlated with total carbon, total nitrogen, clay, or the microbial biomass. This suggests that myo-inositol hexakisphosphate accumulates in soils by mechanisms at least partially independent of those controlling organic matter stabilization and dynamics. Furthermore, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations were positively correlated with plant-available inorganic P and negatively correlated with the carbon-to-organic P ratio, suggesting that biological P availability may, in part, regulate myo-inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations in soils, perhaps because organisms capable of degrading this compound are favored in more P-limited environments. Solution 31P NMR spectroscopy and spectral deconvolution offers a relatively simple method of quantifying myo-inositol hexakisphosphate in soil extracts.
Paroxetine treatment in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of paroxetine for the treatment of pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. METHOD Children (7-11 years of age) and adolescents (12-17 years of age) meeting DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder were randomized to paroxetine (10-50 mg/day) or placebo for 10 weeks. The primary efficacy measure was change from baseline in the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) total score at week 10 last observation carried forward end point. Safety was assessed primarily through adverse event monitoring. RESULTS A total of 207 patients were randomized to treatment. Of these, 203 were included in the intention-to-treat population. Adjusted mean changes from baseline at week 10 observation carried forward end point in CY-BOCS total score for patients receiving paroxetine and placebo were -8.78 (SE=0.82) and -5.34 points (SE=0.77), respectively. The adjusted mean difference, -3.45 in favor of paroxetine, was statistically significant (95% confidence interval=-5.60 to -1.29, p=.002). Adverse events were generally mild to moderate in intensity. A total of 10.2% (10/98) of patients in the paroxetine group and 2.9% (3 of 105) in the placebo group discontinued treatment because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Paroxetine is an effective and generally well-tolerated treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents.
Building loyalty through functional and hedonic quality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and test an e-quality model for leisure products purchased online. Two dimensions are considered in order to configure the scale: functional quality and hedonic quality. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a survey conducted on a sample of 1,109 online customers who had bought travel leisure products, the model and hypotheses were validated using structural equation modeling analysis. Findings – The results reveal that both quality dimensions, through an e-quality second order dimension, are critical to obtaining loyalty through perceived value. In terms of functional quality, however, privacy is not significant for consumers because security programs have improved. Moreover, the e-quality – perceived value – loyalty service chain has been confirmed. In addition, a partial mediating effect of perceived value between e-quality and loyalty has been detected. Practical implications – e-Service managers must be aware of the importance of hedonic quality in .
Relation of Nodal expression to the specification of the dorsal‐ventral axis and tissue patterning in the starfish Patiria pectinifera

In this study, we attempted to reveal fundamental aspects of starfish embryogenesis, particularly embryonic axis specification or determination, in Patiria pectinifera. We first cloned PpNodal, which is known to play an important role in the specification of the embryonic axis in a wide range of animals, and studied its expression profile. PpNodal expression was first detected at the mid‐blastula stage and showed a single peak around the onset of gastrulation. These features of Nodal expression were shifted to later stages by several hours, compared with those of sea urchin embryos. After the gastrulation started, the expression level became gradually lowered up to the early bipinnaria stage, while the expression level became drastically lowered in sea urchin embryos during gastrulation. The localized Nodal expression in the presumptive oral region was not observed in starfish embryos, unlike in sea urchin embryos. Furthermore, SB431542, an inhibitor of Nodal receptor, did not affect the formation of the DV axis, although it caused the loss of left‐right asymmetry. In contrast to this, SB525334, a specific inhibitor of TGF‐beta receptor, caused the complete loss of the DV axis. Thus, the usage of signaling molecules during early embryogenesis likely varies among echinoderm classes.
Left atrial volumes: two-dimensional, three-dimensional, cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography measurements

Purpose of reviewEvaluation of left atrial volume is important, as it is a biomarker of cardiovascular disease and outcomes and correlates with diastolic dysfunction severity. Left atrial volume measurements by different imaging modalities, including 2D and 3D echocardiography (2DE and 3DE), cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography (CT), are reviewed in regard to recent advances, methodology, prognostic value and limitations. Recent findingsLeft atrial volume assessments correlate well between the different imaging modalities; however, 2DE significantly underestimates left atrial measurements. Assessment of the left atrial minimum volume and left atrial phasic function derived volumetrically have reported superior predictive value for major adverse cardiovascular events and elevated left ventricular diastolic pressure compared with the left atrial maximum volume. SummaryThe different imaging modalities used to assess left atrial volumes are not interchangeable, particularly for serial measurements. Although 2DE underestimates left atrial volumes, most normative as well as predictive data have been obtained using this modality. Standardization, with established normative data and classification criteria, needs to be established for other imaging modalities, additionally incorporating assessment of left atrial minimum and phasic volumes. Despite the limitations of the more simplistic 2DE, its measurements are well defined with significant prognostic value. The incremental prognostic value of the more complex imaging techniques needs to be further validated.
The Ethics of Information

PREFACE 1. ETHICS AFTER THE INFORMATION REVOLUTION 2. WHAT IS INFORMATION ETHICS? 3. THE METHOD OF ABSTRACTION 4. INFORMATION ETHICS AS E-NVIRONMENTAL ETHICS 5. INFORMATION ETHICS AND THE FOUNDATIONALIST DEBATE 6. THE INTRINSIC VALUE OF THE INFOSPHERE 7. THE MORALITY OF ARTIFICIAL AGENTS 8. THE CONSTRUCTIONIST VALUES OF HOMO POIETICUS 9. ARTIFICIAL EVIL 10. THE TRAGEDY OF THE GOOD WILL 11. THE INFORMATIONAL NATURE OF SELVES 12. THE ONTOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY 13. DISTRIBUTED MORALITY 14. INFORMATION BUSINESS ETHICS 15. GLOBAL INFORMATION ETHICS 16. A DEFENCE OF INFORMATION ETHICS EPILOGUE REFERENCES INDEX
Ensuring of invariance of the output variables of linear systems to external unmatched disturbances under restrictions on the state variables and controls

The paper deals with the problem of ensuring of an invariance of the output variable of linear SISO system to external unmatched disturbances under restrictions on the state variables and control. External disturbances are assumed as unknown bounded in modulus functions of time. A mathematical model of control plant is represented in the canonical form of input-output. Smoothness requirements of external disturbances and the first derivative of given signal are absent. All state variables are measured. Under these assumptions the problem of state feedback design stabilizing tracking error with a given accuracy is solved within the block approach, the sliding mode theory and method of states space extension.
Functional Avidity of Tumor Antigen-Specific CTL Recognition Directly Correlates with the Stability of MHC/Peptide Multimer Binding to TCR1

Avidity of Ag recognition by tumor-specific T cells is one of the main parameters that determines the potency of a tumor rejection Ag. In this study we show that the relative efficiency of staining of tumor Ag-specific T lymphocytes with the corresponding fluorescent MHC class I/peptide multimeric complexes can considerably vary with staining conditions and does not necessarily correlate with avidity of Ag recognition. Instead, we found a clear correlation between avidity of Ag recognition and the stability of MHC class I/peptide multimeric complexes interaction with TCR as measured in dissociation kinetic experiments. These findings are relevant for both identification and isolation of tumor-reactive CTL.
A Directive Generation Approach to High Code-Maintainability for Various HPC Systems

The emergence of various high-performance computing (HPC) systems compels users to write a code considering the characteristic of each HPC system. To describe the system-dependent information without drastic code modifications, the directive sets such as the OpenMP directive set and the OpenACC directive set are proofed to be useful. However, the code becomes complex to achieve high performance on various HPC systems because different directive sets are required for various HPC systems. Thus, the code-maintainability and readability are degraded. This paper proposes a directive generation approach that generates various kinds of directive sets using user-defined rules. Instead of using several kinds of directive sets, users only have to write special placeholders that are utilized to specify a unique code pattern where several directives are inserted. Then, the special placeholders trigger the generation of appropriate directives for each system using a user-defined rule with a code transformation framework Xevolver . Because only special placeholders are inserted in the code, the proposed approach can keep the code-maintainability and readability. From the performance evaluations of directive-based implementations on various HPC systems, it is shown that the best implementation is different among the HPC systems. Then, through the demonstration of transformation into multiple kinds of implementations, the proposed approach can successfully generate directives from a smaller number of special placeholders. Therefore, it is clarified that the proposed directive generation approach is effective to keep the maintainability of a code to be executed on various HPC systems.
Investigation of voltage and frequency variation on induction motor core and copper losses

This paper presents a dynamic induction motor (IM) model which incorporates all the power losses. The presented module is entirely built in Simulink to investigate the effect of varying the applied voltage and frequency on IM efficiency for different load applications. The model includes the power losses such as copper losses, core losses, stray load and mechanical. The accurate determination of induction motor efficiency depends on the estimation of all above mentioned power losses which are modeled and presented in this paper. The effect of variation in applied voltage and frequency on induction motor efficiency is investigated at various load conditions and the results are tabulated and evaluated accordingly. The obtained results show that the efficiency of the IM is significantly affected by the voltage and frequency levels especially at low load. Therefore matching the right applied voltage and frequency to the motor terminal based on the load condition will reduce the motor losses and hence increase its efficiency.
Representación de la información terminológica en OntoTerm: un sistema gestor de bases de datos terminológicas basado en el conocimiento

1 Introduccion Ademas de extraer y recopilar la informacion terminologica, la mision fundamental del terminografo es la de representar, es decir, hacer explicita, la informacion terminologica del ambito de especialidad que le ocupa. En la realidad cotidiana, esta representacion puede ser tan detallada o tan basica como exija el trabajo en curso o la finalidad ultima que se persigue con la recopilacion terminologica:
On the Connectivity of Ad Hoc Networks

This paper presents a framework for the calculation of stochastic connectivity properties of wireless multihop networks. Assuming that n nodes, each node with transmission range r0, are distributed according to some spatial probability density function, we study the level of connectivity of the resulting network topology from three viewpoints. First, we analyze the number of neighbors of a given node. Second, we study the probability that there is a communication path between two given nodes. Third, we investigate the probability that the entire network is connected, i.e. each node can communicate with every other node via a multihop path. For the last-mentioned issue, we compute a tight approximation for the critical (r0 ,n )pairs that are required to keep the network connected with a probability close to one. In fact, the problem is solved for the general case of a k-connected network, accounting for the robustness against node failures. These issues are studied for uniformly distributed nodes (with and without ‘border effects’), Gaussian distributed nodes, and nodes that move according to the commonly used random waypoint mobility model. The results are of practical value for the design and simulation of wireless sensor and mobile ad hoc networks.
Flexor Hallucis Longus Tendon Transfer: Evaluation of Postoperative Morbidity

Clinical and pedobarograph evaluation was performed on 16 patients following flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfers to determine the resulting morbidity due to the loss of FHL function. All patients underwent FHL tendon transfer for either chronic tendon Achilles rupture or chronic Achilles tendinosis. Clinical evaluation of hallux function was performed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale, the SF-36 score, and a clinical questionnaire to assess alteration in the clinical function of the hallux during activities of daily living. Pedobarography was carried out using the Musgrave pedobarograph system to detect changes in forefoot loading in comparison to the contralateral normal foot. Fourteen of the 16 patients scored maximally on the hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale and none of the patients noticed functional weakness of the hallux during activities of daily living at a mean follow-up of 43.6 months (range, 5–120 months). Pedobarograph readings showed a trend toward reduction in peak pressure loading on the distal phalanx, but this was not significant for the numbers of patients studied. There was no significant increase in loading of the first or second metatarsophalangeal joints to suggest that transfer metatarsalgia may complicate FHL tendon transfer. According to the results of the study morbidity from FHL transfer should be clinically insignificant.