Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematic Phenotyping of a Large-Scale Candida glabrata Deletion Collection Reveals Novel Antifungal Tolerance Genes

The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida glabrata is a frequent cause of candidiasis, causing infections ranging from superficial to life-threatening disseminated disease. The inherent tolerance of C. glabrata to azole drugs makes this pathogen a serious clinical threat. To identify novel genes implicated in antifungal drug tolerance, we have constructed a large-scale C. glabrata deletion library consisting of 619 unique, individually bar-coded mutant strains, each lacking one specific gene, all together representing almost 12% of the genome. Functional analysis of this library in a series of phenotypic and fitness assays identified numerous genes required for growth of C. glabrata under normal or specific stress conditions, as well as a number of novel genes involved in tolerance to clinically important antifungal drugs such as azoles and echinocandins. We identified 38 deletion strains displaying strongly increased susceptibility to caspofungin, 28 of which encoding proteins that have not previously been linked to echinocandin tolerance. Our results demonstrate the potential of the C. glabrata mutant collection as a valuable resource in functional genomics studies of this important fungal pathogen of humans, and to facilitate the identification of putative novel antifungal drug target and virulence genes.
The training and development audit evolves: is your training and development budget wasted?

Presents a three‐level model to enable the design and conduct of an audit of training and development developed from the authors’ consultancy experience working with training and development managers and specialists from diverse medium and large organizations. Describes three levels ‐ event/programme, function and organization levels. Considerably extends the framework first described by one of the authors in an earlier article. This extended model permits the benchmarking of training and development against established best practice. Use of the model enables the identification of where an organization’s training and development can be considered successful and where challenges and opportunities for improvement exist.
A Personalized Approach in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: The Current Status of Disease Modifying Therapies (DMTs) and Future Perspectives

Using the term of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS), we considered a combined population of persons with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS). These forms of MS cannot be challenged with efficacy by the licensed therapy. In the last years, several measures of risk estimation were developed for predicting clinical course in MS, but none is specific for the PMS forms. Personalized medicine is a therapeutic approach, based on identifying what might be the best therapy for an individual patient, taking into account the risk profile. We need to achieve more accurate estimates of useful predictors in PMS, including unconventional and qualitative markers which are not yet currently available or practicable routine diagnostics. The evaluation of an individual patient is based on the profile of disease activity.Within the neurology field, PMS is one of the fastest-moving going into the future.
Vulnerability Assessment of AC State Estimation With Respect to False Data Injection Cyber-Attacks

This paper introduces new analytical techniques for performing vulnerability analysis of state estimation when it is subject to a hidden false data injection cyber-attack on a power grid's SCADA system. Specifically, we consider ac state estimation and describe how the physical properties of the system can be used as an advantage in protecting the power system from such an attack. We present an algorithm based on graph theory which allows determining how many and which measurement signals an attacker will attack in order to minimize his efforts in keeping the attack hidden from bad data detection. This provides guidance on which measurements are vulnerable and need increased protection. Hence, this paper provides insights into the vulnerabilities but also the inherent strengths provided by ac state estimation and network topology features such as buses without power injections.
Resource Allocation for Wireless Body Area Networks in Presence of Selfish Agents

In medical emergency situations, fair distribution of resources in a multi-tenant scenario is crucial. In such resource-constrained situations, these organizations may behave in a non-cooperative and selfish manner to maximize their individual incentives at the cost of the overall system welfare. Existing research works on dynamic resource allocation, have mostly assumed that the participating agents always behave truthfully, and place bids in accordance with their actual requirements. In practice, this assumption may not always hold true, as organizations have positive incentives for overstating. We design an algorithm, grounded in the theory of distributed mechanism design, to effectively alleviate untruthful demeanor of the organizations. The proposed resource allocation algorithm allows such organizations to maximize their individual incentives only by acting truthfully, whilst the overall system welfare is also maximized. The mechanism designed is resilient to selfish behavior of the organizations, and ensures voluntary participation of the organizations in the auction. It is also incentive compatible in nature, and dictates a truthful incentive-payment scheme.
Facilitating Low-Income Children's Narrative Performances Through Interviewer Elaborative Style and Reporting Condition

This research examined 2 strategies for encouraging children's narratives. Twenty-five European American and 31 African American children from low-income backgrounds (M age = 4.76) participated. Children were assigned randomly to either high or low elaborative narrative style conditions and to either a draw-and-tell or tell-only reporting condition. Afterward, each child participated in an in-class activity and then narrated about it with either high or low elaborative interviewers in either draw-and-tell or tell-only reporting conditions. Children's narratives were coded for narrative indicators. Children's narratives did not differ by ethnicity. However, analysis of variance tests documented that children provided more particular narrative indicators when narrating with high elaborative interviewers. The tell-only and draw-and-tell reporting conditions differentially benefitted African American and European American children's narratives. Implications for future work are discussed.
A Kids' Open Mind Common Sense

We propose a collaborative approach to the issue of resource creation for commonsense computing by developing a collaboratory application aimed at children. Human validation is enabled through a game-with-a-purpose (GWAP) interface, gathering reliability judgements of assertions that can be used to aid the process of resource validation. Our experiments confirm that children aged 10 to 12 can be valuable and reliable partners in building commonsense databases, due to their stage of mental development and their eagerness to play GWAPs. Results show that children adapt their word choice in the assertions they provide to the difficulty level of the stimuli words, and that the judgements gathered through in-game validation can help to validate about 30% of the gathered statements automatically.
Securing Distributed Systems with Information Flow Control

Recent operating systems [12, 21, 26] have shown that decentralized information flow control (DIFC) can secure applications built from mostly untrusted code. This paper extends DIFC to the network. We present DStar, a system that enforces the security requirements of mutually distrustful components through cryptography on the network and local OS protection mechanisms on each host. DStar does not require any fully-trusted processes or machines, and is carefully constructed to avoid covert channels inherent in its interface. We use DStar to build a three-tiered web server that mitigates the effects of untrustworthy applications and compromised machines.
Development and Validation of the Collegiate Religious Dissonance Scale

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate psychometric evidence for the Perceived Collegiate Religious Dissonance Scale among calibration (n = 425) and validation (n = 326) samples of self-identified Christian undergraduate students. Perceived collegiate religious dissonance is defined as emotional tension resultant from a perceived discrepancy in valued religious views among peers, faculty, family, and the campus environment. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses results supported a theoretically meaningful two-factor structure (i.e., campus-religious and familial- religious dissonance) with high reliabilities. Both factors were statistically significant predictors of school adaptation after controlling for gender, GPA, and the perceived value of religion. JCC ©
Data groups: specifying the modification of extended state

This paper explores the interpretation of specifications in the context of an object-oriented programming language with subclassing and method overrides. In particular, the paper considers annotations for describing what variables a method may change and the interpretation of these annotations. The paper shows that there is a problem to be solved in the specification of methods whose overrides may modify additional state introduced in subclasses. As a solution to this problem, the paper introduces data groups, which enable modular checking and rather naturally capture a programmer's design decisions.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphates—at the interface between cell signalling and membrane traffic

Phosphoinositides (PIs) form a minor class of phospholipids with crucial functions in cell physiology, ranging from cell signalling and motility to a role as signposts of compartmental membrane identity. Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphates are present at the plasma membrane and within the endolysosomal system, where they serve as key regulators of both cell signalling and of intracellular membrane traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the metabolic pathways that regulate cellular synthesis of PI 3‐phosphates at distinct intracellular sites and discuss the mechanisms by which these lipids regulate cell signalling and membrane traffic. Finally, we provide a framework for how PI 3‐phosphate metabolism is integrated into the cellular network.
Adolescent exposure to pornography and relationship intimacy in young adulthood

The hypothesis on the role of exposure to pornography during adolescence in predicting intimacy among young adults was tested using a sample of 544 Croatian college students (aged 18–25 years) who were surveyed online. Respondents provided information about pornography use at ages 14 and 17, perceived realism of pornographic depictions of sexual activities, attitudes towards recreational sex and relationship intimacy. Significant gender differences in pornography exposure, perceived realism of pornographic contents and attitudes towards recreational sex were found. No direct relationship was found between adolescent exposure to pornography and relationship intimacy in young adulthood. As hypothesised, the realism of pornography was related both to exposure and intimacy, but only among female participants. Furthermore, the association between the appraisal of pornographic realism and intimacy was shown to be mediated by attitudes towards recreational sex. In light of contemporary concerns over the normalisation of pornography use, particularly among young people, our findings do not support the view that adolescent exposure to sexually explicit materials is a determinant of relationship intimacy among young Croatian adults.
Permission to Hate

On June 15, 1903, authorities in Wilmington, Delaware, apprehended a Black man named George White for the assault and rape of Helen S. Bishop, a White woman. The following afternoon, the charges against White were upgraded to murder after the victim expired due to injuries she sustained during the attack. White was found guilty the same day by a coroner's jury, which committed him to the newly erected state workhouse to await a formal trial in September. Despite demands that White face immediate sentencing, authorities decided that there was no need to call for a special session of the court. Over the next several days, a lynching hysteria began to build in the city. At the height of the tumult, on Sunday, June 21, the Reverend Robert A. Elwood of the Wilmington Olivet Presbyterian Church delivered an ominous sermon. Brandishing blood-stained leaves from the site of the Bishop assault, the reverend declared the city deficient in its responsibility to protect its citizens from such criminal atrocities and dilatory for not delivering speedy justice onto White. The next evening a mob stormed the workhouse. They marched White to the scene of his alleged crime, demanded a confession, and then lynched him by burning him alive. The lynching of White in Wilmington, Delaware, was typical of such occurrences in the early 20th century. Between 1882 and 1921, the United States was the scene of more than 3,405 lynchings. Most of the victims were African American men, women, and children. Described alternatively as unofficial executions, the
Multiple sclerosis: Prospects and promise

We have entered a golden era in multiple sclerosis (MS) research. Two decades ago, our understanding of the disease was largely descriptive and there were no approved therapies to modify the natural history of MS. Today, delineation of immune pathways relevant to MS have been clarified; a comprehensive map of genes that influence risk compiled; clues to environmental triggers identified; noninvasive in vivo monitoring of the MS disease process has been revolutionized by high‐field MRI; and many effective therapies for the early, relapsing, component of MS now exist. However, major challenges remain. We still have no useful treatment for progressive MS (the holy grail of MS research), no means to repair injured axons or protect neurons, and extremely limited evidence to guide treatment decisions. Recent advances have set in place a foundation for development of increasingly selective immunotherapy for patients; application of genetic and genomic discoveries to improve therapeutic options; development of remyelination or neuroprotection therapies for progressive MS; and integrating clinical, imaging and genomic data for personalized medicine. MS has now advanced from the backwaters of autoimmune disease research to the front‐line, and definitive answers, including cures, are now realistic goals for the next decade. Many of the breakthrough discoveries in MS have also resulted from meaningful interactions across disciplines, and especially from translational and basic scientists working closely with clinicians, highlighting that the clinical value of discoveries are most often revealed when ideas developed in the laboratory are tested at the bedside. Ann Neurol 2013;74:317–327
The promise of blockchain technology for interaction design

After its first prominent application as part of the digital currency Bitcoin, blockchain technology is gaining in popularity. It comprises a chain of blocks (the ledger) that provides a secure, immutable and auditable list of ordered records. Using both cryptography and a distributed database, once a block is recorded, it can no longer be changed. In Bitcoin's case, the ledger contains the history of all currency transactions. This paper offers a critical overview of the blockchain technology for an interaction design audience, in three parts: (1) The principles making block-chain technology possible are briefly explained using examples. (2) Specific cases such as food provenance and supply chain tracing, are used to illustrate both the wide array of possible applications and the profound implications of blockchain technology. (3) Opportunities and challenges for HCI and interaction design are discussed in the form of a nascent research agenda.
Genome‐wide association study of facial emotion recognition in children and association with polygenic risk for mental health disorders

Emotion recognition is disrupted in many mental health disorders, which may reflect shared genetic aetiology between this trait and these disorders. We explored genetic influences on emotion recognition and the relationship between these influences and mental health phenotypes. Eight‐year‐old participants (n = 4,097) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed the Diagnostic Analysis of Non‐Verbal Accuracy (DANVA) faces test. Genome‐wide genotype data was available from the Illumina HumanHap550 Quad microarray. Genome‐wide association studies were performed to assess associations with recognition of individual emotions and emotion in general. Exploratory polygenic risk scoring was performed using published genomic data for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, autism spectrum disorder, anorexia, and anxiety disorders. No individual genetic variants were identified at conventional levels of significance in any analysis although several loci were associated at a level suggestive of significance. SNP‐chip heritability analyses did not identify a heritable component of variance for any phenotype. Polygenic scores were not associated with any phenotype. The effect sizes of variants influencing emotion recognition are likely to be small. Previous studies of emotion identification have yielded non‐zero estimates of SNP‐heritability. This discrepancy is likely due to differences in the measurement and analysis of the phenotype.
Provably Secure Identity Based Threshold Signature Withoutrandom Oracles

Abstract Recently, Paterson and Schuldt proposed an Identity-based (ID-based) signature scheme which is provably secure in the absence of random oracles. In this paper, we propose an ID-based threshold signature scheme based on their signature scheme. The proposed construction is proved secure in the standard model and its security rests on the hardness of discrete log assumption along with the computational Diffe-Hellman problem. To the best of our knowledge, previous-related schemes could only be proved secure in the random oracle model.
AND/OR Graph and Search Algorithm for Discovering Composite Web Services

This paper presents a formalization of the Web Service composition problem as a search problem in an AND/OR graph, and a search algorithm for searching the graph to identify composite service(s) that satisfies a Web Service request. Given a service request that can only be satisfied by a composition of Web Services, we identify the service categories that are relevant to the request and dynamically construct an AND/OR graph to capture the input/output dependencies among the Web Services of these service categories. The graph is modified, based on the information provided in the service request. The search algorithm is then used to search the modified AND/OR graph for a minimal and complete composite service template that satisfies the service request. The algorithm can be applied repeatedly to the graph to search for alternative templates until the result is approved by the service requester. We have evaluated the algorithm both analytically and experimentally, and the experiment results are presented.
Seeking a unified framework for cerebellar function and dysfunction: from circuit operations to cognition

Following the fundamental recognition of its involvement in sensory-motor coordination and learning, the cerebellum is now also believed to take part in the processing of cognition and emotion. This hypothesis is recurrent in numerous papers reporting anatomical and functional observations, and it requires an explanation. We argue that a similar circuit structure in all cerebellar areas may carry out various operations using a common computational scheme. On the basis of a broad review of anatomical data, it is conceivable that the different roles of the cerebellum lie in the specific connectivity of the cerebellar modules, with motor, cognitive, and emotional functions (at least partially) segregated into different cerebro-cerebellar loops. We here develop a conceptual and operational framework based on multiple interconnected levels (a meta-levels hypothesis): from cellular/molecular to network mechanisms leading to generation of computational primitives, thence to high-level cognitive/emotional processing, and finally to the sphere of mental function and dysfunction. The main concept explored is that of intimate interplay between timing and learning (reminiscent of the “timing and learning machine” capabilities long attributed to the cerebellum), which reverberates from cellular to circuit mechanisms. Subsequently, integration within large-scale brain loops could generate the disparate cognitive/emotional and mental functions in which the cerebellum has been implicated. We propose, therefore, that the cerebellum operates as a general-purpose co-processor, whose effects depend on the specific brain centers to which individual modules are connected. Abnormal functioning in these loops could eventually contribute to the pathogenesis of major brain pathologies including not just ataxia but also dyslexia, autism, schizophrenia, and depression.
Cache-Aided Interference Management in Partially Connected Wireless Networks

Cache-aided communication is emerging as a new topic in wireless networks. Previous works have shown that caching in interference networks can change the interference topology by changing the information flow and hence facilitate advanced interference management. This paper studies the gain of caching in partially connected interference networks where each receiver can only communicate with a subset of transmitters. The performance is characterized by an information- theoretic metric, normalized delivery time (NDT). We obtain an order-optimal NDT for the (K+L-1)×K partially connected linear interference network with any number of receivers K, any receiver connectivity L≤K, and with caches equipped at all transmitters and receivers. The cache placement phase adopts a file splitting strategy tailor- made for the partial receiver connectivity. Via the aid of virtual receivers, the proposed delivery strategy exploits coded multicasting gain by XOR combining and transmitter coordination gain by interference alignment. In the special case when L is a divisor of K, our NDT results are directly applicable to K×K partially connected circular interference networks.
Converting the Penn Treebank to Systemic Functional Grammar

Systemic functional linguistics offers a grammar that is semantically organised, so that salient grammatical choices are made explicit. This paper describes the explication of these choices through the conversion of the Penn Treebank into a systemic functional grammar corpus. Developing such a resource can help connect work in natural language processing to a significant body of research dealing explicitly with the issue of how lexical and grammatical selections create meaning.
A New Method for Projector Calibration Based on Visual Servoing

In this paper a new calibration method is proposed for projector using an uncalibrated camera. The difficulty to get a set of 2D-3D points in order to compute the projection matrix between the projector and the world has no easy solution. Methods are either inaccurate or inflexible. We propose an easy and automatic way to calibrate a projector. This method is a combination of pattern detection and visual servoing. The idea is to project a calibration pattern and superimpose it on a known printed pattern. We tested and demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of our approach.