Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The predictive factors for perceived social support among cancer patients and caregiver burden of their family caregivers in Turkish population

Abstract Objectives: We aimed to identify the predictive factors for the perceived family social support among cancer patients and caregiver burden of their family caregivers. Methods: Participants were 302 cancer patients and their family caregivers. Family social support scale was used for cancer patients, burden interview was used for family caregivers.All subjects also completed Beck depression invantery. The related socio-demographical factors with perceived social support (PSS) and caregiver burden were evaluated by correlation analysis. To find independent factors predicting caregiver burden and PSS, logistic regression analysis were conducted. Results: Depression scores was higher among patients than their family caregivers (12.5 vs. 8). PSS was lower in depressed patients (p < .001). Family caregiver burden were also higher in depressive groups (p < .001). Among patients only the depression was negatively correlated with PSS (p < .001, r = −2.97). Presence of depression (p < .001, r = 0.381) was positively correlated and family caregiver role was negatively correlated (p < .001, r = −0.208) with caregiver burden. Presence of depression was the independent predictor for both, lower PSS for patients and higher burden for caregivers. Conclusions: The results of this study is noteworthy because it may help for planning any supportive care program not only for patients but together with their caregiver at the same time during chemotherapy period in Turkish population.
Interference characteristics for the civil airport environment using time-frequency analysis

Nowadays with the developing augmentation system or regional satellite systems, the performance of GNSS for civil users is extremely improved especially on the error budget from system characteristics. However, unpredictable factors on the ground user environment, such as intentional or unintentional interferences, strongly degrade the performance of GNSS receiver. It is a significant issue to monitor and investigate the interference effect while applying GNSS for safety of life applications, aviation applications especially. In this study, a low-cost GPS interference monitoring system was deployed at a civil airport for the long-term interference monitoring, and so far several interference events were observed during this period. This paper focused on the reorganization of what the interference observed is, and identifications of the interference characteristics and the influence on navigation service. The Fourier-sine-spectrum-based time-frequency method analyzed the recorded intermediate frequency signal to speculate the interference statistics such as the period, the duration, the frequency of occurrence, and so on. In addition, the interference influence was evaluated on the criterion of the positioning results and the estimated Carrier-to-Noise ratio (C/N0) in GNSS signal tracking process. In summary, this paper offers the possibility to find useful information of these interference events for the airport environment in locating jammers or mitigating the effects of interference signals.
A Cross-Shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Multifunction and Polarization Diversity Applications

This letter proposes a multifunction cross-shaped dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with separately fed broadside circularly polarized (CP) and omnidirectional linearly polarized (LP) radiation patterns. These distinct radiation patterns are achieved in overlapping frequency bands by exciting two different modes in a single dielectric resonator (DR) volume. This letter also investigates the effect of the feeding geometry on the mutual coupling between the modes and concludes that an asymmetric feeding degrades the orthogonality of the modes and thus increases the interport coupling coefficient. By using a symmetric feeding, the coupling coefficient can be significantly reduced to below - 30 dB in the frequency band common to both operation modes. The experimental results show a good agreement with simulation and demonstrate a broadside CP operation over a bandwidth of 6.8%, which overlaps with the omnidirectional LP impedance bandwidth of 38.5%. The proposed antenna could be used not only as multifunction, but also as polarization diversity antenna due to the overlapping dual-feed CP and LP operation.
CHILD Syndrome: Analysis of Abnormal Keratinization and Ultrastructure

Abstract: A new patient with CHILD syndrome (congenital hemidysplasia, ichthyosiform erythroderma, and limb defects), the thirtieth in the literature, was observed for over three years. Initially, the right‐sided lesion spared the breast area. At 10 months of age the trunk lesion extended to cover the entire area of the right chest At age 20 months the patient developed linear, bandlike, keratotic, brown‐black lesions on her teft thigh that subsided within six weeks, leaving a slight hyperpigmentation. This patient was studied by routine histologic methods as well as with markers of keratinlzation and electron microscopy. In hematoxylin and eosinstained sections, parakeratosis and orthokeratosis atternated. In some parakeratotlc areas, targe granular cells, and in others, ghost granular cells, were present. The latter showed basophilic cytoplasm, and palestaining or vacuolated nucleus and were seen either above the normal granular layer or without it. Although regional variations existed, basat cell‐type keratins as recognized by AE1 continued to be expressed in suprabasal layers. Filaggrin‐ and Involucrin‐positive layers were expanded, particularly the latter, down to the lower prickle cell layer. Ultrastructurally, numerous lamellar or membranous structures were found in upper layers of the epidermis, both intracellulary and intercellularly. Normal cementsomes coexisted with these abnormal lamellar structures, and it was thought that the latter represent modified cementsomes because the discharge of those from the cell periphery was Often detected.
Spatial and temporal distributions of Geobacter lovleyi and Dehalococcoides spp. during bioenhanced PCE-NAPL dissolution.

The spatial and temporal distributions of multiple reductively dechlorinating bacteria were simultaneously assessed in a one-dimensional sand column containing a tetrachloroethene (PCE) nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source and associated plume zones. The column was uniformly inoculated with a PCE-to-ethene dechlorinating microbial consortium that contained Dehalococcoides spp. , Dehalobacter spp. , and Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ. Geobacter and Dehalococcoides populations grew and colonized the column material, including the mixed-NAPL (0.25 mol/mol PCE in hexadecane) source zone. In contrast, Dehalobacter cells did not colonize the porous column material, and planktonic Dehalobacter cell titers remained below the detection limit of ca. 2.6 x 10(2) cells/mL throughout the experiment. Significant PCE dechlorination was observed and resulted in bioenhanced NAPL dissolution up to 21-fold (maximum) and 5.2-fold (cumulative) relative to abiotic dissolution. cis-1,2-Dichloroethene (cis-DCE) wasthe primary dechlorination product although vinyl chloride (VC) was also formed throughout the experiment. Ethene production occurred after significant depletion of PCE from the NAPL and when cis-DCE concentrations dropped below 6 microM. Data obtained after increasing the column residence time from 1.1 to 2.8 days and introducing a VC pulse to the column indicated that both the residence time and cis-DCE inhibition limited significant VC and ethene production. Although both Geobacter and Dehalococcoides cells were present and active in the mixed-NAPL source zone and plume region, Geobacter cell numbers were typically more than 1 order of magnitude higher than Dehalococcoides cell numbers, which is consistent with the production of predominantly cis-DCE. Analysis of both liquid- and solid-phase samples indicated that Geobacter cells grew and remained attached to the porous medium within the source zone but were largely planktonic in the plume region. In contrast Dehalococcoides cell were attached throughoutthecolumn,and Dehalococcoides cell titers increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude over the length of the column, correlating to increases in VC concentrations. The results from this study highlight that bioenhanced dissolution is governed by a complex interplay between resident dechlorinators, contaminant concentrations, and other aquifer-specific characteristics (e.g., hydrology).
Insights into Okazaki Fragment Synthesis by the T4 Replisome

Background: The T4 replisome duplicates the lagging DNA strand through discontinuous Okazaki fragments. Results: A third polymerase is not involved in repetitive Okazaki fragment synthesis. Conclusion: The T4 replisome recycles the lagging-strand polymerase but looses the clamp in each Okazaki fragment cycle through a collision or signaling pathway. Significance: Elucidation of the behavior of polymerase, clamp and clamp loader for Okazaki fragment synthesis broadens our understanding of coordinated DNA replication. In this study, we employed a circular replication substrate with a low priming site frequency (1 site/1.1 kb) to quantitatively examine the size distribution and formation pattern of Okazaki fragments. Replication reactions by the T4 replisome on this substrate yielded a patterned series of Okazaki fragments whose size distribution shifted through collision and signaling mechanisms as the gp44/62 clamp loader levels changed but was insensitive to changes in the gp43 polymerase concentration, as expected for a processive, recycled lagging-strand polymerase. In addition, we showed that only one gp45 clamp is continuously associated with the replisome and that no additional clamps accumulate on the DNA, providing further evidence that the clamp departs, whereas the polymerase is recycled upon completion of an Okazaki fragment synthesis cycle. We found no support for the participation of a third polymerase in Okazaki fragment synthesis.
Fluorescence changes of a label attached near the myosin active site on nucleotide binding in rat skeletal muscle fibres

1 Trinitrophenyl AMP (TNP‐AMP) in the concentration range 10–300 μm induced an increase in fluorescence intensity at around 530 nm in skinned skeletal muscle fibres freshly obtained from rat psoas muscle. 2 The fluorescence intensity of the fibres depended on TNP‐AMP concentration up to ∼200 μm. The Kd of TNP‐AMP binding to the muscle fibres was 38.0 ± 8.4 μm (mean ±s.d., n= 4 measurements) in three fibres. TNP‐AMP fluorescence was readily washed out. 3 Various nucleotides affected the fluorescence of the fibres incubated in 20 μm TNP‐AMP. MgATP (1 mm) and caged ATP (5 mm) reduced the fluorescence in 20 μm TNP‐AMP by more than 40 % of the value measured in the absence of nucleotide. 4 When the fibres were stretched to almost no filament overlap, the extent of the quenching of the TNP‐AMP (20 μm) fluorescence due to ATP binding was reduced by 14%. This might be explained by assuming that the association of the thin filament affected the TNP‐AMP fluorescence in muscle fibres. 5 The distance between the active site and the specific site for TNP was measured by the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between N‐methylanthraniloyl‐ATP (Mant‐ATP) bound to the active site and the TNP‐AMP bound to the TNP‐specific site in muscle fibres. The results showed that the distance between the two may be less than 2 nm. 6 It may be concluded that the fluorescence intensity at 530 nm in skinned muscle fibres in low concentrations of TNP‐AMP changes directly reflecting the conformational state of the nucleotide‐binding region that is determined by the binding of nucleotides.
Enhancing the Viability of Lactobacillus plantarum Inoculum by Immobilizing the Cells in Calcium-Alginate Beads Incorporating Cryoprotectants

Many literature reports have cited the importance of the rehydration conditions of lyophilized cultures in determining viability. The rate of rehydration and the volume of fluid used have been identified as two important factors. One possible means of controlling these is by immobilizing the cells before lyophilization within a gel matrix in which the subsequent rehydration rate and fluid volume would be controlled by the properties of the gel. In this study Lactobacillus plantarum was immobilized and lyophilized in Ca-alginate beads in which 1 M glycerol or 0.75 M adonitol with skim milk were incorporated as a cryoprotectant. The properties of these Ca-alginate beads were examined before and after lyophilization and rehydration. The beads incorporating glycerol were smaller and stronger than those with adonitol. After lyophilization, size decreased and strength increased but to a greater extent in the beads with glycerol, indicating that the microenvironment within the two bead types was probably different. The protective effect of the bead microenvironment on immobilized L. plantarum was also examined. Lyophilization and rehydration within the alginate beads with either polyol yielded higher survival rates than that attained with free cell cultures during rehydration in optimal or suboptimal conditions. During rehydration under suboptimal conditions, the immobilized cell survival was greatest when 0.75 M adonitol was the incorporated cryoprotectant.
Public Perceptions of Disease Severity but Not Actionability Correlate with Interest in Receiving Genomic Results: Nonalignment with Current Trends in Practice

Purpose: Frameworks highlighting disease actionability and severity are evolving to address the need to organize results from genome-wide analyses. This approach represents a paradigm shift from consultations focused on one or more genes to multiple genes for multiple disorders. Empirical input from the general population is lacking, yet seems essential for understanding how to maximize patient autonomy and satisfaction in the decision-making process. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey with a representative sample of 900 US adults and assessed the participants' perceptions and attitudes toward disease actionability and severity, ranking hypothetical scenarios for these properties, and explored correlations with interest in learning test results. Results: Most respondents (>85%) rated actionability and severity as useful concepts; 46.6% indicated actionability alone would be adequate for decision making. Over half of them (53.8%) reported being very/extremely confident in their ability to score for actionability and severity. The participants' scoring of medical scenarios varied significantly between individuals. Scores for severity but not actionability were correlated with interest in learning genetic results. Subsets of the respondents projected wanting all results (30%) or no results (16%). The use of expert-created lists was acceptable to 43%. Conclusions: The respondents from the general population were confident in making their own decisions. The responses suggested different priorities than current expert-driven approaches. The emphasis on binning genes may be missing a complementary, simplifying approach of grouping patients based upon their all/none interest in genomic results. This study illuminates important differences between the general public and genetic experts.
Structural inequalities, family and cultural factors, and spousal violence among Anglo and Hispanic-Americans

STRUCTURAL INEQUALITIES, FAMILY AND CULTURAL FACTORS, AND SPOUSAL VIOLENCE AMONG ANGLO AND HISPANIC AMERICANS by Jana L. Jasinski University of New Hampshire, September, 1996 There is some evidence that rates of spousal assault are higher among Hispanic Americans compared to Anglo Americans, however, very little empirical research has focused extensively on Hispanic Americans and their risks for spousal violence. There is even less research that considers different Hispanic groups. This study used the 1992 National Alcohol and Family Violence Survey to examine the relationships among structural inequalities, family relations, and spousal assault among a sample of 1,768 Anglo and Hispanic Americans. The results indicated that Hispanic Americans were more likely to use minor or severe physical violence against their spouses, however, there were also important within group differences. Among Hispanic Americans, Puerto Ricans reported the highest levels of spousal violence and Cuban Americans the lowest. Hypotheses regarding risk factors for spousal violence were also investigated. Youthfulness, normative approval of using violence against a partner, and unemployment, significantly increased the risk for spousal violence among both Hispanic and Anglo Americans. A male dominated family power structure increased the risk for spousal violence among Hispanic but not Anglo families. In addition, Hispanic group differences remained after controlling for
PEG-BP-30 monotherapy attenuates the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cascade in baboon Escherichia coli septic shock.

Septic shock following gram-negative infection is a leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients, accounting for nearly 200,000 deaths a year. The exaggerated production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) is known to contribute to hemodynamic collapse and the hematological dyscrasia associated with gram-negative sepsis. Although previous studies have shown TNF alpha antibodies and TNF immunoadhesins to be effective in experimental gram-negative sepsis, we postulated that administration of a novel construct of two modified soluble p55 receptors linked to polyethylene glycol (PEG-BP-30) would also attenuate the hemodynamic and hematologic alterations to lethal Escherichia coli septic shock in non-human primates. Nine adult female and male baboons (Papio anubis), weighing 10-17 kg, were anesthetized and invasively monitored. The nine animals were randomized to receive either 0.2 mg/kg body wt PEG-BP-30 (n = 3), 5.0 mg/kg body wt PEG-BP-30 (n = 3), or placebo (n = 3). One hour after pretreatment, animals were infused with 5-10 x 10(10) CFU/kg of live E. coli iv and vital signs were recorded for the next 8 hr. Arterial blood was drawn for baseline parameters and throughout the study to obtain total and differential white blood cell and platelet counts and cytokine levels (TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8). E. coli bacteremic baboons receiving only placebo demonstrated a significant fall in mean blood pressure and leukopenia. Two of the three animals expired. In contrast, five of the six baboons receiving the PEG-BP-30 survived and these animals exhibited markedly attenuated declines in blood pressure and leukocyte numbers. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Role of Cause-Effect Link within Scientific Paper

Semantic links within text play an important role in understanding text. Cause-effect link is one of the basic semantic links that represents logic order between representation components of text. The importance of cause-effect link has been recognized and investigated in linguistics, but it has not been accurately measured to support computing applications. This paper is to investigate the role of cause-effect link within scientific paper. Research is conducted along two paths: (1) Human observations: Professionals find cause-effect links within a set of given papers, and then observe the number, the distribution and the keywords coverage of cause-effect links within each paper. The statistical results show that cause-effect links cover 76% keywords within paper on average. (2) Automatically discover more cause-effect links within a set of papers by developing a pattern-based algorithm. The automatically discovered cause-effect links validate the properties drawn from human observations. Experiments show that the algorithm can extract more than 80% of manually labeled links, and the automatically extracted links contain 75% of keywords within paper on average.
Practical Algorithm for Reducing Convex Spike Noises on a Spectrum

Quantitative data analysis and high-sensitivity measurements by use of Raman and infrared spectroscopy often suffer from noisy spikes such as those due to cosmic rays and water vapor. Since these spikes are unidirectional and isolated, the conventional smoothing techniques do a poor job of removing them. However, a small modification can improve these smoothing techniques significantly. In this paper, we present a simple denoising technique for a single-scan spectrum that is corrupted by convex spikes. In general, the noisy spikes arising from cosmic rays or water vapor have a much narrower bandwidth compared with target “informative” bands in Raman and infrared spectra. This means that these noisy spikes can be separated from the target bands by means of the difference in the bandwidths. The proposed method employs the moving window averaging procedure to distinguish and separate the convex spike. The proposed algorithm allows us to take away the convex spikes from measured spectra without preparing multiply recorded spectra and (much) biasing the measured spectrum.
The Internet Changed Chess Rules: Queen Is Equal to Pawn. How Social Media Influence Opinion Spreading

Studies of social influence in large groups show that leaders are crucial in infecting followers with new ideas and that it requires time. This reflects social impact models based on Nowak, Szamrej, and Latané’s dynamic theory (1990), which are still being presented, modified and developed in the literature. However, recent mass events, e.g., the Arab Spring, 15-M Movement, protests in the Gezi Park in Turkey, Polish democratic movements (KOD, AkcjaDemokracja), do not seem to fit the aforementioned models: changes happened rapidly and without the presence of opinion leaders. In a series of simulation studies, we propose that global communication (Internet, mobiles, social media) is responsible for the difference between the theoretical model and recent mass events. Our results indicate that global communication dramatically decreases the role of leaders, increases the speed of spreading new ideas in the population, increases the influence of followers on the speed of social transformation, and that leaders who use the Internet can change their attitudes as quickly and as often as followers do.
High-speed analog-to-digital converters in downscaled CMOS

High data-rate communications need high speed analog-to-digital converters. Recent flash and time interleaved SAR converters implemented in downscaled CMOS technologies have achieved GS/s conversion rates with very low power consumption. Flash ADCs can reach high speed with a single channel but the resolution is limited by exponential complexity and power consumption. SAR ADCs are well suited for higher resolution but, due to the sequential operation, require either massive interleaving or very fast technologies to achieve high speed. Hybrid architectures combine the advantages of different architectures to achieve the optimum compromise for a given resolution. In this paper the trade-offs between power, area and complexity for high speed designs are discussed and the potential of hybrid architectures is investigated.
Child Access Prevention Laws and Juvenile Firearm-Related Homicides

Debate over safe-storage gun regulations has captured public attention in the aftermath of several high-profile shootings committed by minors. To date, the existing literature provides no evidence that these laws are effective at deterring gun crime, a conclusion that has prompted the National Rifle Association to assert that such regulations are "unnecessary" and "ineffective. " Using data from the FBI's Supplementary Homicide Reports for the period 1985-2013, we find that child access prevention (CAP) laws are associated with a 17 percent reduction in firearm-related homicides committed by juveniles. The estimated effect is stronger among whites than nonwhites and is driven by states enforcing the strictest safe-storage standard. We find no evidence that CAP laws are associated with firearm-related homicides committed by adults or with non-firearm-related homicides committed by juveniles, suggesting that the observed relationship between CAP laws and juvenile firearm-related homicides is causal.