Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
General hydrophobic interaction potential for surfactant/lipid bilayers from direct force measurements between light-modulated bilayers

We establish and quantify correlations among the molecular structures, interaction forces, and physical processes associated with light-responsive self-assembled surfactant monolayers or bilayers at interfaces. Using the surface forces apparatus (SFA), the interaction forces between adsorbed monolayers and bilayers of an azobenzene-functionalized surfactant can be drastically and controllably altered by light-induced conversion of trans and cis molecular conformations. These reversible conformation changes affect significantly the shape of the molecules, especially in the hydrophobic region, which induces dramatic transformations of molecular packing in self-assembled structures, causing corresponding modulation of electrostatic double layer, steric hydration, and hydrophobic interactions. For bilayers, the isomerization from trans to cis exposes more hydrophobic groups, making the cis bilayers more hydrophobic, which lowers the activation energy barrier for (hemi)fusion. A quantitative and general model is derived for the interaction potential of charged bilayers that includes the electrostatic double-layer force of the Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory, attractive hydrophobic interactions, and repulsive steric-hydration forces. The model quantitatively accounts for the elastic strains, deformations, long-range forces, energy maxima, adhesion minima, as well as the instability (when it exists) as two bilayers breakthrough and (hemi)fuse. These results have several important implications, including quantitative and qualitative understanding of the hydrophobic interaction, which is furthermore shown to be a nonadditive interaction.
Computational super-resolution phase retrieval from multiple phase-coded diffraction patterns : simulation study and experiments

Computational super-resolution inverse diffraction phase retrieval is considered. The optical setup is lensless with a spatial light modulator (SLM) for aperture phase coding. The paper is focused on experimental tests of the Super-Resolution Sparse Phase Amplitude Retrieval (SRSPAR) algorithm. We start from simulation tests and go to physical experiments. Both simulation tests and experiments demonstrate a good quality imaging for super-resolution with the factor 4, which means that the computational pixels of the reconstructed object are 4 times smaller than the sensor pixels. © 2016 Optical Society of America
Ionic Liquids in Multiphase Systems

Ionic liquids (ILs) can be used to replace one or more phases in conventional oil/water emulsions including Pickering emulsions—surfactant-free emulsions which utilize nanoor micron-sized particles to stabilize the immiscible liquid-liquid interface. Due to the extreme tunability of both the ILs and particles used, the study of IL-based Pickering emulsions yields novel emulsion morphologies and insights into the ionic liquid-liquid-particle interactions present. This work discusses extensive experimental work on IL-based Pickering emulsions and IL/liquid interfaces, emphasizing unique phenomena—such as “bridging” between emulsion droplets and spontaneous particle transport across the interface—never observed in more conventional Pickering emulsions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of particles at the IL/liquid interface are also discussed, and fundamental insights from these simulations are used to enhance understanding of the unique interface behavior revealed by experiment.
Context theory of classification learning.

Most theories dealing with ill-defined concepts assume that performance is based on category level information or a mixture of category level and specific item information. A context theory of classificatio n is described in which judgments are assumed to derive exclusively from stored exemplar information. The main idea is that a probe item acts as a retrieval cue to access information associated with stimuli similar to the probe. The predictions of the context theory are contrasted with those of a class of theories (including prototype theory) that assume that the information entering into judgments can be derived from an additive combination of information from component cue dimensions. Across four experiments using both geometric forms and schematic faces as stimuli, the context theory consistently gave a better account of the data. The relation of the context theory to other theories and phenomena associated with ill-defined concepts is discussed in detail. One of the major components of cognitive behavior concerns abstracting rules and forming concepts. Our entire system of naming objects and events, talking about them, and interacting with them presupposes the ability to group experiences into appropriate classes. Young children learn to tell the difference between dogs and cats, between clocks and fans, and between stars and street lights. Since few concepts are formally taught, the evolution of concepts from experience with exemplars must be a fundamental learning phenomenon. The focus of the present article is to explore how such conceptual achievements emerge from individual instances.
Two-Dimension Adaptive Spectral Efficiency for SC-FDMA Systems

We propose a two-dimension adaptive spectral efficiency scheme for a new-designed single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) system by flexible reference signal (RS) and data multiplexing for each user. Based on Doppler spread, each user first determines the number of SC-FDMA symbols that bear RS in a time slot, and each of such SC-FDMA symbols, based on bandwidth allocation, then serves to estimate a shortened time-domain channel impulse response (CIR) as well as bear data. The proposed design significantly outperforms the channel estimation (CE) case of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) uplink in terms of spectral efficiency at a high Doppler spread.
Language-integrated Provenance in Links

Today's programming languages provide no support for data provenance. In a world that increasingly relies on data, we need provenance to judge the reliability of data and therefore should aim for making it easily accessible to programmers. We report our work in progress on an extension to the Links programming language that builds on its support for language-integrated query to support where-provenance queries through query rewriting and a type system extension that distinguishes provenance metadata from other data. Our approach aims to work solely within the language implementation and thus require no changes to the database system. The type system together with automatic propagation of provenance metadata will prevent programmers from accidentally changing provenance, losing it, or misattributing it to other data.
The dead ringer/retained transcriptional regulatory gene is required for positioning of the longitudinal glia in the Drosophila embryonic CNS

The Drosophila dead ringer (dri, also known as retained, retn) gene encodes a nuclear protein with a conserved DNA-binding domain termed the ARID (AT-rich interaction domain). We show here that dri is expressed in a subset of longitudinal glia in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system and that dri forms part of the transcriptional regulatory cascade required for normal development of these cells. Analysis of mutant embryos revealed a role for dri in formation of the normal embryonic CNS. Longitudinal glia arise normally in dri mutant embryos, but they fail to migrate to their final destinations. Disruption of the spatial organization of the dri-expressing longitudinal glia accounts for the mild defects in axon fasciculation observed in the mutant embryos. Consistent with the late phenotypes observed, expression of the glial cells missing (gcm) and reversed polarity (repo) genes was found to be normal in dri mutant embryos. However, from stage 15 of embryogenesis, expression of locomotion defects (loco) and prospero (pros) was found to be missing in a subset of LG. This suggests that loco and pros are targets of DRI transcriptional activation in some LG. We conclude that dri is an important regulator of the late development of longitudinal glia.
Implementing Embedded Security on Dual-Virtual-CPU Systems

In this article, we describe a low-cost, dual-virtual-CPU hardware technology for embedded-systems security. We also present a case study of a programmable software design to exploit such hardware. This design integrates a rich operating system without requiring significant changes to it, while maintaining preemptive and real-time properties, exception handling, and power management.
Interaction of a transcriptional repressor with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme plays a crucial role in repression

The yeast transcriptional repressor Tup1, tethered to DNA, represses to strikingly different degrees transcription elicited by members of two classes of activators. Repression in both cases is virtually eliminated by mutation of either member of the cyclin-kinase pair Srb10/11. In contrast, telomeric chromatin affects both classes of activators equally, and in neither case is that repression affected by mutation of Srb10/11. In vitro, Tup1 interacts with RNA polymerase II holoenzyme bearing Srb10 as well as with the separated Srb10. These and other findings indicate that at least one aspect of Tup1's action involves interaction with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme.
The impact of clock gating schemes on the power dissipation of synthesizable register files

In this paper, the power dissipation of synthesizable register files with respect to different clock gating schemes is examined. Clock gating is a well-known technique for power reduction of sequential circuits. Although different clock gating schemes exist, there is no fundamental difference in the power dissipation of sequential logic because the data input signals of disabled flip-flops do not change when the clock signal is disabled. However, it is shown here that in contrast to sequential logic the clock gating scheme has significant impact on the power dissipation of register files due to signal changes of the data input port. The major result of this work is that the power dissipation of register files can be reduced significantly, if a clock gating scheme different from that one usually recommended for sequential logic is applied.
Exploring various spectral regions for estimating chlorophyll from ASD leaf reflectance using prospect radiative transfer model

The performance of PROSPECT-5 radiative transfer model for predicting leaf chlorophyll from reflectance measurements made with the Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) spectrometer was investigated using numerical inversion techniques. The reflectance data of various spectral regions in the visible to shortwave infrared (SWIR) were assessed i.e. the full range (400-2500 nm), VNIR (400-1060 nm), visible (400-700 nm), red (600-700 nm), red-red edge (600-760 nm) and red-edge (670-760 nm). Among the spectral regions, the red-edge region yielded the lowest root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP =10.3 μg/cm2) for a variety of plants including crops and wild plants (n = 463). It is therefore recommended that inversion of radiative transfer models to retrieve leaf chlorophyll content be limited to the red-edge region.
Hitler's black victims : the historical experiences of Afro-Germans, European Blacks, Africans, and African Americans in Nazi era

Part I: Beyond a White German Past Introduction: Black Germany During the Nazi Era: The Undiscovered Country Chapter 1: "Look, a Negro": Structuring Black Marginality in Nazi Germany Part II: Blackness Before Hitler Chapter 2: Aryan Negrophobia: a Epigrammatic History of Black-German Encounters Chapter 3: Soldiers of Misfortune, Children of Misfortune: Black Troops and the Race Question in Pre-Nazi Germany Part III: "the Worst That You Can Imagine": Blacks and Nazism Chapter 4: Hiter's Black dilemmas: The Fact of Blackness Under Nazism Chapter 5: Made in America: The Nazi Sterilization Program Against Blacks in Germany Chapter 6: Behind the Wire: Black Captives of Nazism Chapter 7: Singing, Dancing, and Acting for Life: Blacks and the Nazi Propaganda Machines Chapter 8: No "Neger Musik": Blacks, Jews, and the Nazi War on Jazz Chapter 9: Punched Out and Overran: Black Athletes' Defeat of Nazism Chapter 10: From the Unknown Underground: Blacks in Resistance Movement Part IV: Black Skins, German Masks: Blackness in Contemporary Germany Chapter 11: European (Dis)Union: Racism in Contemporary Europe Chapter 12: Breathing While Black: Linking the German Racial Past with the Present
RKE-CP: Response-based Knowledge Extraction from Collaborative Platform of Text-based Communication

With the generation of massive amount of product-centric responses from existing applications on collaborative platform, it is necessary to perform a discrete analytical operation on it. As majority of such responses are textual in nature, it increases the applicability of using text mining approaches on it. We review the existing research contribution in text mining to find that there are significant research gap. Therefore, the proposed study presents a technique called as RKE-CP i.e. Response-based Knowledge Extraction from Collaborative Platform where the term Collaborative points towards cloud environment. The proposed technique is designed using mathematical modelling where the maximum focus of design and implementation lies on accomplishing a good balance between faster response time in mining operation and higher precision/recall rate. The study outcome possess’ better precision score, recall, and lowered processing time as compared with the most relevant work text mining.
Traitement et analyse de séries chronologiques continues de turbidité pour la formulation et le test de modèles des rejets urbains par temps de pluie

Des approches parcimonieuses sont aujourd'hui developpees pour la modelisation de la qualite des rejets urbains par temps de pluie, e adequation avec la quantite de donnees disponibles. De plus, l'analyse des incertitudes apparait comme un outil incontournable pour le test des modeles. Parallelement, le developpement des techniques de mesure en continu en reseau, spectrometrie et turbidite, permet l'obtention de donnees continues de flux de matieres en suspension et de demande chimique en oxygene en grand nombre, apportant une information riche. Ce travail constitue une des premieres etudes en hydrologie urbaine basee sur l'exploitation d'une grande base de donnees acquises par la mesure de la turbidite. Des mesures sur la periode 2004-2008 ont ete exploitees sur deux sites. Apres traitement et validation, 263 et 239 evenements pluvieux ont ete retenus. L'analyse des donnees a permis la formulation d'hypotheses sur la generation des flux pour la proposition de modeles adaptes. Le test de l'approche multi-regression a confirme la necessite de construire des modeles locaux, bases sur une analyse approfondie des donnees. Les meilleurs modeles obtenus sont ceux pour la masse evenementielle qui parviennent a reproduire en tendance la variabilite des observations. La methode bayesienne a ete utilisee pour le test d'un modele d'Accumulation-Erosion-Transfert simple a l'echelle du bassin versant. Les premiers resultats mettent e defaut la structure du modele teste. Cependant ces premiers tests ont demontre l'efficacite de la procedure d'analyse bayesienne, dont l'application du principe d'apprentissage permet d'ameliorer de maniere significative les structures des modeles.
Neuropathologic features of amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND The neuropathologic substrate of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine the neuropathologic features of patients who died while their clinical classification was aMCI. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Community based. PARTICIPANTS Sixty-six individuals, including 15 who had memory impairment beyond that allowed for aging but who were not demented, were studied along with 28 clinically healthy individuals and 23 patients with probable Alzheimer disease (AD) for comparison. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Standard neuropathologic techniques and classification according to Khachaturian, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer Disease, and National Institute on Aging-Reagan criteria were used to analyze autopsy tissue from 15 individuals who died while their clinical diagnosis was aMCI. For comparison, autopsy data on age-matched groups of clinically healthy individuals and patients with probable AD were analyzed. RESULTS Most patients with aMCI did not meet the neuropathologic criteria for AD, but their pathologic findings suggest a transitional state of evolving AD. All the patients with aMCI had pathologic findings involving medial temporal lobe structures, likely accounting for their memory impairment. In addition, there were many concomitant pathologic abnormalities, including argyrophilic grain disease, hippocampal sclerosis, and vascular lesions. CONCLUSIONS The neuropathologic features of aMCI matched the clinical features and seemed to be intermediate between the neurofibrillary changes of aging and the pathologic features of very early AD.
Explore users’ preference from Facebook fan pages

The massive amounts of data available on social media platforms become the key source of information related to customer sentiment and opinions for analysis by companies. Facebook is one of the most popular platforms which a firm can take advantage of to establish customer relationships through the use of fan pages. Facebook fan pages contain rich sources of information related to customer relationships. This study proposes a novel recommender system based on analyzing the behavior of fans. The proposed method is able to overcome the limitations of traditional recommender system. Three common measures will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental data have been obtained by crawling from IMDb fan pages.
X-Ray and m-Dianiminedichloroplatinum ( II ) Cross-Resistance in Human Tumor Cell Lines 1

Clinical studies have suggested a close correlation between c/s-diamminedichloropla;inuni(II) (cisplatin) and radiation resistance. To deter mine whether this cross-resistance is due to an inherent cellular resistance to both agents, ten early passage human tumor cell lines were examined for their radiation and cisplatin sensitivity in vitro. Previous studies have suggested that these early passage tumor cell lines retain many of their in vivo characteristics and are therefore good models for tumor cells in vivo. Radioresistance was strongly associated with cisplatin resistance in these cell lines. Four of the cell lines examined were radioresistant, having /. )0s > 2.0 Gy. These four lines were also resistant to cisplatin, with the dose reducing survival to 10% > 1.29 MM.The remaining six cell lines had Â£>0s ranging from 1.07 to 1.57 Gy of X-ray and doses reducing survival to 10% of less than 0.83 pM cisplatin. Because early passage human tumor cell lines were used, resistance or sensitivity to radiation and cisplatin most likely developed in vivo and was not due to selection in vitro. These results indicate that cross-resistance between cisplatin and radiation in vivo is probably due primarily to an inherent cellular resistance to these agents and not necessarily to the tumor microenvironment in situ. cisplatin resistance in a human ovarian tumor cell line, selected for resistance to cisplatin by continuous exposure to the drug. In contrast, Wallner and Li (7), studying radiation resistance in a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line also selected for resist ance to cisplatin by continuous growth in progressive concen trations of the drug, found no relation between cisplatin and radiation resistance. Both Louie et al. (6) and Wallner and Li (7) studied cell lines selected for resistance to cisplatin by growing cells in progres sively higher concentrations of cisplatin in vitro. To examine the relationship between radiation and cisplatin resistance as it develops in vivo in human tumor cells, we have examined radiation and cisplatin resistance to 10 early passage human tumor cell lines derived from a variety of human tumor biopsies. Repeated analysis of radiation and cisplatin sensitivity requires clonable cell lines. While changes in tumor phenotype have been reported in long-term in vitro cultures (8), there is much evidence that these early passage cultures of tumor cell lines do maintain their in vivofeatures (9, 10).
Targeting Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell Kinase (ITK) and Resting Lymphocyte Kinase (RLK) Using a Novel Covalent Inhibitor PRN694

Background: ITK and RLK are unique to effector lymphocytes and critical for immune activation. Results: A novel selective covalent ITK/RLK inhibitor called PRN694 was discovered, which blocks T-cell and NK cell activation. Conclusion: PRN694 provides an effective tool to elucidate the roles of ITK and RLK in immune cell signaling. Significance: PRN694 could be an effective therapy for T-cell- or NK cell-driven autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) and resting lymphocyte kinase (RLK or TXK) are essential mediators of intracellular signaling in both normal and neoplastic T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Thus, ITK and RLK inhibitors have therapeutic potential in a number of human autoimmune, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Here we describe a novel ITK/RLK inhibitor, PRN694, which covalently binds to cysteine residues 442 of ITK and 350 of RLK and blocks kinase activity. Molecular modeling was utilized to design molecules that interact with cysteine while binding to the ATP binding site in the kinase domain. PRN694 exhibits extended target residence time on ITK and RLK and is highly selective for a subset of the TEC kinase family. In vitro cellular assays confirm that PRN694 prevents T-cell receptor- and Fc receptor-induced cellular and molecular activation, inhibits T-cell receptor-induced T-cell proliferation, and blocks proinflammatory cytokine release as well as activation of Th17 cells. Ex vivo assays demonstrate inhibitory activity against T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia cells, and in vivo assays demonstrate durable pharmacodynamic effects on ITK, which reduces an oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. These data indicate that PRN694 is a highly selective and potent covalent inhibitor of ITK and RLK, and its extended target residence time enables durable attenuation of effector cells in vitro and in vivo. The results from this study highlight potential applications of this dual inhibitor for the treatment of T-cell- or NK cell-mediated inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases.