Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF DIOXIN-LIKE COMPOUNDS IN / FROM CHLORPYRIFOS-A POTENTIAL PRECURSOR OF THE PYRIDINE ANALOGUE OF 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-TCDD

Introduction Pesticide production, use and disposal have contributed significantly to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions in the past 1-4 . However also in a recent monitoring of current used pesticides in Australia in all assessed formulations PCDD/PCDF were detected with high concentrations in some pesticide formulation (in particular pentachloronitrobenzene/Quintozene) 4 . From historic perspective the two pesticides with the highest Dioxin levels and release were 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4,5-T) and pentachlorophenol (PCP) 1,5 . The production and use of 2,4,5-T and 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol the precursor of 2,3,7,8-TCDD resulted in large contamination during the Vietnam War (366 kg TEQ release from Agent Orange spray) 6 and had a long series of dioxin contamination in the factories 3 with a last accident in Seveso where about 30 kg TEQ have been released 7 . While today 2,4,5-T seems not be available on the market and the use of 2,4,5-trichlorphenol seems to be largely restricted to the synthesis of the still available hexachlorophen (e.g. skin cleanser PhisoHex) a major pesticide used today Chlorpyriphos A has as chlorinated aromatic moiety the pyridine-analogue of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) (Figure 1). Therefore the pesticide is a potential direct precursor of the pyridineanalogue of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (Figure 1). While in the recent study of Holt et al some PCDF have been detected in a Chlorpyrifos sample 4 , the presence of this 2,3,7,8-TCDD analogue has to our knowledge not been assessed yet. Therefore we analysed in a preliminary study the presence of these potentially dioxin-like compound in a Chlorpyrifos formulation. In addition we performed thermal treatments of Chlorpyrifos at moderate temperatures to assess it’s precursor potential and the first condensation steps.
Iron deficiency in healthy young college women.

The iron stores of 114 white college women who had never experienced abnormal bleeding nor been pregnant were evaluated using marrow stainable iron and in some instances quantitative phlebotomy. Even though the subjects were somewhat privileged socioeconomically, iron stores were scant to absent in two thirds of them. After being made anemic by repeated phlebotomy, the anemia was corrected at a very slow rate by iron absorbed from their diet. Consequently iron in an effective dose and form should be administered to women who have anemia and iron deficiency or who are hemorrhaging.
Seizure detection in intracranial EEG using a fuzzy inference system

In this paper, we present a fuzzy rule-based system for the automatic detection of seizures in the intracranial EEG (IEEG) recordings. A total of 302.7 hours of the IEEG with 78 seizures, recorded from 21 patients aged between 10 and 47 years were used for the evaluation of the system. After preprocessing, temporal, spectral, and complexity features were extracted from the segmented IEEGs. The results were thresholded using the statistics of a reference window and integrated spatio-temporally using a fuzzy rule-based decision making system. The system yielded a sensitivity of 98.7%, a false detection rate of 0.27/h, and an average detection latency of 11 s. The results from the automatic system correlate well with the visual analysis of the seizures by the expert. This system may serve as a good seizure detection tool for monitoring long-term IEEG with relatively high sensitivity and low false detection rate.
Application of EGFP-EGF fusions to explore mechanism of endocytosis of epidermal growth factor

AbstractAim:To develop a simple method for monitoring protein localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in living cells.Methods:Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was used as an autofluorescent tag to label EGF ligands. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of the EGFP-tagged EGF (EGFP-EGF) protein. The cell-binding and internalization activity of EGFP-EGF were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and confocal microscopy.Results:EGFP-EGF protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. A cell-binding assay demonstrated that the EGFP-EGF protein could bind efficiently to the cells expressing EGFR. The binding and internalization of EGFP-EGF can be visualized even at a very low concentration under confocal microscopy. The FACS-based assay for internalization activity indicated the accumulation of internalized EGFP-EGF over time. Furthermore, the results of the competition assay indicated its EGFR binding specificity. Using such a method, it does not need to label EGF with chemicals and avoid light in the experimental process.Conclusion:The fusion protein EGFP-EGF has several characters including high sensitivity, stability and convenience for manipulation, and is a powerful tool for the study of EGF endocytosis.
Sampling rate and misidentification of Lévy and non-Lévy movement paths: comment.

In a recent paper, Plank and Codling (2009) critique the use of Levy walks to describe animal movement, arguing that non-Levy walk processes could be misidentified as Levy patterns and, conversely, movement patterns actually generated by Levy processes may be wrongly attributed to other mechanisms. The authors suggest that this ambiguity is partly caused by sampling paths at scales that do not reflect actual movement decisions and this despite the theoretical scale-independence of Levy walks. These findings, if true, would be an important contribution, as the Levy walk is a popular, although controversial, model in the animal movement literature. Here, we support Plank and Codling’s (2009) contention that movement patterns must be attributed to the correct process and that animal movement is likely not truly scale-invariant. However, we challenge their methodology, and hence that they showed that Levy and non-Levy processes could be misidentified for one another and that this ambiguity partly depends on the sampling scale. Our main criticism is that using the relative fit of poorly chosen models, without verifying for the absolute fit of the best model, is insufficient evidence for either the identification or the misidentification of a process. To demonstrate this methodological problem, we first describe the models used to simulate the data and thus representing the movement processes. Then we describe how the models that were fitted to the data differed from the ones used to simulate the data. Finally, we argue that the authors failed to consider the importance of examining the absolute fit of the best model. Without this information, it is impossible to determine whether either model provides a reasonable explanation for a given data set, whether those data are generated by simulations or actual animals.
Modélisation de la diffusion multi-composants dans un bain de corium diphasique oxyde-métal par une méthode d'interface diffuse

Ce travail de these porte sur la modelisation de la cinetique de stratification des phases liquides oxyde et metallique dans un bain de corium (systeme U-O-Zr-acier) du point de vue de la diffusion multi-composants et multiphasique. Cette demarche de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre du developpement d’une modelisation « fine » du comportement d’un bain de corium basee sur une approche CFD (« Computational Fluid Dynamics ») de la thermo-hydraulique. Elle vise a ameliorer la comprehension des phenomenes mis en jeu et construire des lois de fermetures adequates pour des modeles macroscopiques integraux.Pour ce faire, la methode du champ de phase couplee avec une fonctionnelle d’energie utilisant la methode CALPHAD se revele etre un outil pertinent.Dans une premiere partie, nous nous sommes interesses au systeme binaire U-O. Nous avons developpe un modele a interface diffuse (base sur une equation de Cahn-Hilliard) pour decrire la diffusion dans ce systeme. Nous avons procede a la mise en place du couplage entre ce modele et une base de donnees thermodynamiques CALPHAD, ainsi qu’au parametrage d’un tel modele avec en particulier une procedure d’elargissement de l’interface.Ensuite, dans le cadre d’une modelisation sur le systeme ternaire U-O-Zr nous avons propose une generalisation du modele a interface diffuse par le biais d’une hypothese d’equilibre local des mecanismes d’oxydo-reduction. Nous avons porte une attention particuliere a l’analyse de ce modele par le biais de simulations numeriques 1D en nous interessant notamment a l’etat stationnaire et aux profils de composition obtenus.Finalement, nous avons montre l’application de ce modele au systeme U-O-Zr-Fe. Pour cela, nous avons considere une configuration similaire aux essais experimentaux a « petite echelle » relatifs a l’etude de la stratification d’un bain oxyde-metal.
Preparation of soft microcapsules containing multiple core materials with interfacial dehydration reaction using the (W/O)/W emulsion

Abstract The soft microcapsules containing eucalyptus oil, ubiquinone and the fine water droplets could be prepared with interfacial dehydration reaction between hydroxy methyl cellulose and tannic acid using the water-in-oil-in-water type multiple (W/O)/W emulsion. The diameters of the microcapsules and the content and the microencapsulation efficiency of the core materials were significantly affected by the revolution velocity (Nr1) to form the (W/O) emulsion and the revolution velocity (Nr2) to form the (W/O)/W emulsion and the lecithin concentration. The mean diameters of the inner water droplets and those of the microcapsules were proportional to Nr1−1.25 and Nr1−0.11 for the revolution velocity (Nr1), respectively. With increasing the revolution velocity (Nr1), the content and the microencapsulation efficiency of the inner water droplets increased, while those of the oil phase decreased. The mean diameters of the microcapsules were proportional to Nr2−1.1. The content and the microencapsulation efficiency of the inner water droplets and those of the oil phase decreased with the revolution velocity (Nr1) and increased with the lecithin concentration.
Comparison of Body Composition Measurement With Whole Body Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance and Air Displacement Plethysmography in Healthy Middle-Aged Women

Our purpose was to evaluate accuracy of multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the criterion measure. Body composition of 27 women was assessed by ADP followed immediately by MFBIA. There was a strong relationship (p = .01) between ADP and MFBIA in absolute lean mass (r = 0.80), absolute fat mass (r = 0.99), percent lean mass (r = 0.91), and percent fat mass (r = 0.91). Although MFBIA consistently overestimated lean mass and underestimated fat mass compared with ADP, agreement between measurements was within 2%–3% body fat. An accurate assessment tool, MFBIA can be useful in clinical settings.
Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and AP-1 Transcription Factor in Ovotoxicity Induced by 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide in Rats1

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that ovotoxicity induced in small preantral (primordial and primary) ovarian follicles by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) in rats is likely via acceleration of the normal process of atresia (apoptosis). This acceleration is associated with increased activities of caspase cascades, changes in subcellular distribution of Bcl-2 family members, and alteration of estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathways. The present study was designed to investigate possible effects of VCD dosing on the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/AP-1 signaling pathways in rat ovarian small follicles. Female F344 rats were given a single dose of VCD (80 mg/kg i.p., 1 day—a time when ovotoxicity has not been initiated) or dosed daily for 10 or 15 days (80 mg/kg i.p.; 10 days—a time when the earliest signs of impending follicular destruction is seen, 15 days—a time when significant ovotoxicity is underway). Four hours following the final dose, ovaries and livers were collected. Ovarian small (25–100 μm) and large (100–250 μm) preantral follicles were isolated, and cytosolic or nuclear extracts were prepared from follicles and livers for analyses. Activities of MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), and p38 kinase, were determined in follicular and liver cytosolic extracts, and AP-1 DNA binding activity was determined in follicular and liver nuclear extracts. Compared with control, a single dose of VCD caused a decrease in JNK activity and an increase of AP-1 binding activity in isolated small ovarian follicles. After repeated daily dosing with VCD for 10 or 15 days, JNK and p38 kinase activities in small ovarian follicles were increased (p38 kinase: 1.64 ± 0.14 for 10 days, 1.48 ± 0.11 for 15 days, VCD/control, P < 0.01; JNK: 1.44 ± 0.11 for 10 days, 1.37 ± 0.06 for 15 days, VCD/control, P < 0.01) and AP-1 binding activity in small ovarian follicles was decreased (10 days, 0.29 ± 0.04; 15 days, 0.51 ± 0.04, VCD/control, P < 0.01). VCD did not affect any of these measurements in large preantral follicles or liver. Phosphorylation status of c-Jun protein as measured by Western blotting was increased (1.22 ± 0.1, VCD/control, P < 0.05) after the 15-day daily dosing with VCD, but total c-Jun protein levels were unaffected. Using antibodies against c-Jun or phospho-c-Jun for supershift DNA binding assay, c-Jun and phospho-c-Jun were identified in the AP-1-DNA binding complex, and the binding activity was reduced in tissues with increased phospho-c-Jun protein levels. Taken together, these data provide evidence that accelerated atretic signals induced by VCD is associated with MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathways and phosphorylation of c-Jun plays a significant role in transmitting the apoptotic signals.
Changes in DNA base sequences in the mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana induced by low-energy N+ implantation

To reveal the mutation effect of low-energy ion implantation on Ambidopsis thaliana in vivo, T80II, a stable dwarf mutant, derived from the seeds irradiated by 30 keV N+ with the dose of 80 X 1015 ions/cm2 was used for Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and base sequence analysis. The results indicated that among total 397 RAPD bands observed, 52 bands in T80II were different from those of wild type showing a variation frequency 13.1%. In comparison with the sequences of A. thaliana in GenBank, the RAPD fragments in T80II were changed greatly in base sequences with an average rate of one base change per 16.8 bases. The types of base changes included base transition, transversion, deletion and insertion. Among the 275 base changes detected, single base substitutions (97.09%) occurred more frequently than base deletions and insertions (2.91%). And the frequency of base transitions (66.55%) was higher than that of base transversions (30.55%). Adenine, thymine, guanine or cytosine could be replaced by any of other three bases in cloned DNA fragments in T80II. It seems that thymine was more sensitive to the irradiation than other bases. The flanking sequences of the base changes in RAPD fragments in T80II were analyzed and the mutational “hotspot” induced by low-energy ion implantation was discussed.
Prime factor algorithm for multidimensional discrete cosine transform

A prime factor fast algorithm is proposed for the computation of the multidimensional forward and inverse discrete cosine transform (DCT). By using an example of a two-dimensional (2-D) DCT, it shows that an r-dimensional DCT can be obtained from a 2r dimensional DCT with a post-processing stage, efficient method for input/output mapping is reported to substantially reduce the computational overhead associated with the prime factor algorithm.
Gadopentetate dimeglumine as an alternative contrast material for use in angiography.

Gadopentetate dimeglumine, gadolinium chelated by DTPA, has been used safely as a contrast material in MR imaging [1]. High attenuation of X-rays by gadopentetate dimeglumine (0.5 mmollml, Magnevist, Schening, Berlin, Germany) administered IV in preparation for MR imaging has been reported on CT scans in laboratory studies and on radiographs of the kidneys [2]. We report a case in which a patient who had a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma and a history of hypersensitivity to nonionic iodinated contrast media was treated with emergency transcatheter arterial embolization. Gadopentetate dimeglumine was used as a contrast material for digital subtraction angiography.
A Carbon-Nitrogen Lyase from Leucaena leucocephala Catalyzes the First Step of Mimosine Degradation1[C][W][OPEN]

A carbon-nitrogen lyase from the tree legume Leucaena leucocephala degrades the toxin mimosine. The tree legume Leucaena leucocephala contains a large amount of a toxic nonprotein aromatic amino acid, mimosine, and also an enzyme, mimosinase, for mimosine degradation. In this study, we isolated a 1,520-bp complementary DNA (cDNA) for mimosinase from L. leucocephala and characterized the encoded enzyme for mimosine-degrading activity. The deduced amino acid sequence of the coding region of the cDNA was predicted to have a chloroplast transit peptide. The nucleotide sequence, excluding the sequence for the chloroplast transit peptide, was codon optimized and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant enzyme was used in mimosine degradation assays, and the chromatogram of the major product was found to be identical to that of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P), which was further verified by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The enzyme activity requires pyridoxal 5′-phosphate but not α-keto acid; therefore, the enzyme is not an aminotransferase. In addition to 3H4P, we also identified pyruvate and ammonia as other degradation products. The dependence of the enzyme on pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and the production of 3H4P with the release of ammonia indicate that it is a carbon-nitrogen lyase. It was found to be highly efficient and specific in catalyzing mimosine degradation, with apparent Km and Vmax values of 1.16 × 10−4 m and 5.05 × 10−5 mol s−1 mg−1, respectively. The presence of other aromatic amino acids, including l-tyrosine, l-phenylalanine, and l-tryptophan, in the reaction did not show any competitive inhibition. The isolation of the mimosinase cDNA and the biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme will be useful in developing transgenic L. leucocephala with reduced mimosine content in the future.
A reachability graph construction technique for supervisor synthesis with parameters

This paper describes a technique to construct reachability graphs from replicated structures. This new technique can be combined with an off-line synthesis algorithm in order to automatically generate nonblocking supervisors in closed form. Replicated structures arise from the modeling of similar processes and similar cases, which are components of parameterized discrete event systems and workflow processes, respectively. The analysis and control of such systems require a state space exploration. The proposed approach weakens the state explosion problem by using symbols and expressions instead of numerical values in markings, which makes it possible to obtain supervisors with explicit conditions in their control actions.
Multiple anomalies in the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis)

Abstract Contemporary populations exhibit numerous skeletal anatomical variations and the atlanto-occipital joint (articulation atlanto-occipitalis) is often the location of such variations. A female skeleton dated at 4000 BC and excavated at Meroe in the Sudan provides an example of numerous variations in the basilar skull and cervical vertebrae. These variations consist of the presence of a bilateral atlanto-occipital joint with a third trochanter, a unilateral arcuate atlas foramen and huge axial nutrient foramina.
Applying Association Analysis to Dynamic Slicing Based Fault Localization

Fault localization is a necessary process of locating faults in buggy programs. This paper proposes a novel approach using dynamic slicing and association analysis to improve the effectiveness of fault localization. Our approach utilizes dynamic slicing to generate a reduced candidate set to narrow the range of faults, and introduces association analysis to mine the relationship between the statements in the execution traces and the test results. In addition, we develop a prototype tool DSFL to implement our approach. Furthermore, we perform a set of empirical studies with 12 Java programs to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The experimental results show that our approach is more effective than the compared approaches. key words: dynamic slicing, fault localization, association analysis, execution trace
Antibody Response to Helicobacter pylori Excretory Antigen and the Cross Reaction Study

Abstract Helicobacter pylori is recognized as a major case of gastritis and peptic ulcer and a key factor in the development of gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma, and non-ulcerative dyspepsia in man. The detection of antibodies specific for strains of H. pylori has demonstrated the value of serology for providing evidence of infection. The present study was conducted to detect the antigenic proteins of excretory antigen of H. pylori with Western blotting and examine whether anti-H. pylori IgG and IgA antibodies from H. pylori positive patients cross-react with antigens from other common bacterial pathogens. By using SDS-PAGE, 20 different proteins were found in the excretory antigen. By Western blotting and absorption studies, there were indications that anti-H. pylori IgA antibodies directed against 54 kDa, 50 kDa and 27 kDa cross-reacted with antigens from other bacteria, and that H. pylori proteins of 99 kDa, 88 kDa and 81 kDa possibly shared similar epitope with antigens of other pathogens not tested in the absorption studies. The cross-reactivity occurred in this study was not significantly affect the performance of the in-house ELISA.
Partial discharge behavior of mineral oil and oil-board insulation systems at HVDC

Power transformers have been built successfully with oil-board insulation systems for many years. Oil has the function of being a coolant as well as an insulator, whereas the board serves for electrical and mechanical purposes. When dealing with solid insulating materials, special focus has to be set on partial discharges (PD), as they have a destructive nature. On the one hand they may supply charge carriers for breakdown mechanisms and on the other hand they can lead to a carbonization of the organic insulation. In the case of AC, phase-resolved patterns, so called finger prints, can be used to interpret the type of partial discharge. These methods are in use for many years and have proven successful in interpreting possible PD sources. However, in the case of DC, no phase information is available. Therefore other methods for interpreting the behavior of PD at HVDC have to be found. In this paper, a non-uniform test setup for mineral insulating oil and a small oil-board model was used. The different observations were evaluated to discuss the issues of PD measurements at HVDC. In addition to conventional electrical partial discharge measurements also optical detection of partial discharges was used. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the high voltage electrodes to gain information about surface changes of the needle electrodes.