Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SVM-based Texture Classification and Application to Early Melanoma Detection

We have recently developed a decision support system for early skin cancer detection that relies on analysis of the pigmentation characteristics of a skin lesion, detected using crosspolarization imaging, and the increased vasculature associated with malignant lesions that is detected using transillumination imaging. Current system uses size difference based on lesion physiology and achieves great overall accuracy (86.9%). In this paper, we explore texture information, one of the criteria dermatologists use in the diagnosis of skin cancer, but has been found very difficult to utilize in an automatic manner. The overarching goal is to improve the overall decision support capability of the DSS. The objective is to use texture information ONLY to classify the benign and malignancy of the skin lesion. A three-layer mechanism that inherent to the support vector machine (SVM) methodology is employed to improve the generalization error rate and the computational efficiency. The performance of the algorithm is validated with a series of benchmark texture images and then tested on 22 pairs of real clinical skin lesion images. Our experimental results show that a 4th-order polynomial kernel can reach an average accuracy of 70% in determining the malignancy of any pixel within any given skin lesion image. Further study will look at whether multi-channel filtering based feature extraction algorithm will improve the accuracy rate, and the performance comparison between SVM-based texture classification and decision tree-based texture classification in both the spatial and frequency domain
Diffusion LMS algorithms for sensor networks over non-ideal inter-sensor wireless channels

In this paper, we propose diffusion-based least mean square (LMS) algorithms that are robust against fading phenomena in wireless channels. The proposed algorithms, developed by combining diffusion LMS and classical estimation approaches, are able to estimate and update the underlying system parameters at each node by exploiting the sensor measurements and the fused data obtained from the neighboring nodes. The fusion of the information at each node takes place based on a convex combination strategy whose coefficients are determined according to the channel state information, the noise statistics and the output error of the local adaptive filter. In this work, we assume the broadcast data from the sensors experience Rayleigh fading and are further contaminated by the additive noise. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and show their satisfactory performance compared with the costly centralized adaptive techniques.
User engagement in online News: Under the scope of sentiment, interest, affect, and gaze

Online content providers, such as news portals and social media platforms, constantly seek new ways to attract large shares of online attention by keeping their users engaged. A common challenge is to identify which aspects of online interaction influence user engagement the most. In this article, through an analysis of a news article collection obtained from Yahoo News US, we demonstrate that news articles exhibit considerable variation in terms of the sentimentality and polarity of their content, depending on factors such as news provider and genre. Moreover, through a laboratory study, we observe the effect of sentimentality and polarity of news and comments on a set of subjective and objective measures of engagement. In particular, we show that attention, affect, and gaze differ across news of varying interestingness. As part of our study, we also explore methods that exploit the sentiments expressed in user comments to reorder the lists of comments displayed in news pages. Our results indicate that user engagement can be anticipated predicted if we account for the sentimentality and polarity of the content as well as other factors that drive attention and inspire human curiosity.
Commonalities and differences in close relationships among the Americans and Japanese: A comparison by the individualism/collectivism concept

We examined commonalities and differences of close relationships among the Americans and Japanese by using three major propositions extracted from the individualism/collectivism concept. Responses to three kinds of social relationship scales, i.e., affective, instrumental, and conflict, were compared. Americans (N = 547) and Japanese (N = 808) of 20 to 64 years of age rated at least four significant others out of five, i.e., mother, father, partner/spouse, a child, and same-gender friend. Findings obtained by three kinds of comparisons—(1) mean scores; (2) correlation patterns; and (3) the dominant figures—indicated both commonalities and differences across the cultures. Whereas nearly half of the working hypotheses based on the three propositions derived from the individualism/collectivism concept were supported by the data, others revealed differences in the opposite direction. It is discussed that the individualism/collectivism framework may be a useful tool for cross-cultural comparisons, but not a theory or model of the Western and Eastern cultures.
A Cell Type-specific Enhancer in the Human B 7 . 1 Gene Regulated by NF-KB

The costimulatory molecule B7.1 provides a second signal critical for T cell activation. The distribution of this integral membrane protein is restricted to certain tissues where its level of expression is modulated by multiple exogenous stimuli. To identify the molecular basis for specificity and inducibility, the chromatin configuration of the human B7.1 gene was examined in intact nuclei from various cell types. The identification of a tissue-specific deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive site ,',~3kb upstream of the transcription start site led to the characterization of a cell type-specific enhancer region. This 183-bp region was both cell type specific and responsive to two distinct stimuli, lipopolysaccharide and dibutyryl cAMP, known to regulate B7.1 expression. Deletional and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the presence of multiple functionally critical ds elements within this region, one of which was a nuclear factor (NF)gB consensus sequence. In B7.1-positive B cells, this element bound several members of the NF-KB family, transcription factors already implicated in signal transduction pathways relevant to B7.1 expression. This is the first description, to our knowledge, of regulatory elements that control expression of a gene encoding a B7 costimulatory molecule.
The nature of human intelligence.

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Nationwide Comparative Impact of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Acute Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissections

Objective: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection (TBAD) remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the impact of TEVAR on mortality, morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and discharge status in patients with acute uncomplicated TBAD. Methods: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from 2009 and 2010. Patients were categorized according to the type of treatment: TEVAR or medical management. Outcomes, including mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), acute renal failure, discharge disposition, and LOS, were compared between the treatment groups. Results: We identified 4706 patients with TBAD. Mean age was 67 years and 55% were male. Treatment options included TEVAR in 504 and medical management in 4202. The overall adjusted in-hospital mortality was similar for both the groups (8.5% for TEVAR vs 10.3% for medical management, P = .224). The TEVAR carried higher risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.14-2.27]; P = .0073). The TEVAR was associated with prolonged LOS (12 vs 5.6 days, P < .0001) and patients were less likely to be discharged home (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99; P = .013). When stratified by age, all outcomes were similar between the 2 groups, with the exception of longer LOS with TEVAR. Conclusions: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair for acute uncomplicated TBAD was associated with similar in-hospital mortality, MI, and renal failure as compared to medical management. The TEVAR had higher rate of stroke up to the age 70 years and longer LOS. Because extending TEVAR to less complicated patients could only decrease TEVAR mortality rates, these findings support the more widespread use of TEVAR to treat patients with uncomplicated TBAD.
Analysis of Neuron Models with Dynamically Regulated Conductances

We analyze neuron models in which the maximal conductances of membrane currents are slowly varying dynamic variables regulated by the intracellular calcium concentration. These models allow us to study possible activity-dependent effects arising from processes that maintain and modify membrane channels in real neurons. Regulated model neurons maintain a constant average level of activity over a wide range of conditions by appropriately adjusting their conductances. The intracellular calcium concentration acts as a feedback element linking maximal conductances to electrical activity. The resulting plasticity of intrinsic characteristics has important implications for network behavior. We first study a simple two-conductance model, then introduce techniques that allow us to analyze dynamic regulation with an arbitrary number of conductances, and finally illustrate this method by studying a seven-conductance model. We conclude with an analysis of spontaneous differentiation of identical model neurons in a two-cell network.
Estimation of the extreme value index and high quantiles under random censoring

In this paper, we consider the estimation problem of the extreme value index and extreme quantiles in the presence of censoring. Taking into account the fact that our main motivation is application in insurance, we focus on the Fréchet and Gumbel domains of attraction. In the case of no-censoring, the most famous estimator of the Pareto index is the classical Hill estimator (1975). Some adaptations of this estimator in the case of censoring are proposed and used to build extreme quantile estimators. A theoretical study of the asymptotic properties of such estimators is started. The finite sample behaviour is illustrated in a small simulation study and also in a practical insurance example. Résumé. Dans cet article, nous considérons le problème de l’estimation d’un index des valeurs extrêmes et de quantiles extrêmes en présence de censure aléatoire. Compte tenu du fait que notre motivation principale concerne l’application en assurance, nous nous concentrons sur les domaines d’attraction de Fréchet et de Gumbel. Dans le cas non censuré, l’estimateur de l’index le plus connu est l’estimateur de Hill (1975). Nous proposons des adaptations de cet estimateur de l’index dans le cas censuré que nous utilisons par la suite dans le but d’estimer un quantile extrême. Une étude théorique des propriétés asymptotiques de ces nouveaux estimateurs est proposée. Par ailleurs, leur comportement est illustré sur la base de simulations et sur un exemple de données réelles. Mots-clés: Index de Pareto, quantile extrême, données censurées, estimateur de KaplanMeier.
Adjustment Problems Encountered By Indivi Duals in the Process of Modernization in the Resolution of Traditional-Modern Attitudinal Conflicts by John L. Dawson. Manuscript. 27 pp

he had a close brush with death when he was struck by a cannon ball. During his prolonged convalescence he became depressed, was attacked by doubts, scruples, and suicidal ideas. Then came the transformation, the inner illumination which allowed him to see the world in a new light; he gained a new clarity of understanding. After the transformation he aspired to be a holy man and became the founder of a reforming movement within Christianity. He brought out his own Rule and was the spiritual helper of mankind through his
Speech-in-noise intelligibility improvement based on power recovery and dynamic range compression

The ability to detect speech in noise plays a significant role in our communication with others. In this work we suggest to modify the original speech signal before this is presented in the noisy environment by combining a signal to noise ratio recovery approach with dynamic range compression in order to improve the intelligibility of the speech in noise. The modification is performed under the constraint of equal global signal power before and after modifications. Experiments with speech shaped (SSN) and competing speaker (CS) types of noise at various low SNR values, show that the suggested approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) as well as in informal listening tests. Comparing with a state-of-the-art method there is an improvement of 4 dB and 8 dB in terms of SNR gain, for the SSN and the CS types of noise, respectively.
Viewing the viewers: Viewing behaviors by children and adults during television programs and commercials

Videotapes of in-home television viewing of 50 individuals in five age groups (2-, 5-, 8-, and 12-year-olds, and adults), recorded over a 10-day period, revealed that 46% of time with television was spent in some activity instead of or in addition to looking at the TV. Social interaction was the most common nonviewing activity for all viewers, followed by playing and eating for children and reading for adults. Women were more likely than all other groups to do chores. Nonviewing behaviors occurred most often during programming that attracted less visual attention, particularly ads. Except for 2-year-olds, children's attention dropped during ads to a greater extent than did that of adults. The findings have implications for theories of television use and impact including uses and gratifications, displacement, and formal feature theory.
Culture and Counterfactuals

Past research, with its emphasis on affective regulatory processes, has failed to find cross-cultural differences in counterfactual thoughts. In the current study, the authors examine the tendency to generate additive counterfactuals (those that focus on the addition of new aspects that were not in fact present) and subtractive counterfactuals (those that focus on subtraction of factual aspects) among Mainland Chinese and European American university students in five life domains: schoolwork, romantic relationships, family relationships, friendships, and life in general. As in previous studies, the authors find an overall main effect, in which additive counterfactuals predominate over subtractive counterfactuals within both cultural groups. However, they also find systematic cultural differences in the likelihood of generating additive and subtractive counterfactuals in the domains of schoolwork and family. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the nature of cultural differences.
The Ovarian Innervation Participates in the Regulation of Ovarian

The release of gonadotropins is the main endocrine signal regulating ovulation and the release of hormones by the ovaries. Several types of growth factors modulate the effects of gonadotropins on the follicular, luteal and interstitial compartments of the ovaries. During the last 30 years, numerous studies have indicated that the ovarian innervations play a role in modulating the effects that gonadotropin have on the ovaries’ ability to ovulate and secrete steroid hormones. This literature review presents a summary of the experimental results obtained by analyzing the effects of stimulating or blocking the well-known neural pathways participating in the regulation of ovulation and secretion of steroid hormones. Together, the results suggest that various neurotransmitter systems modulate the effects of gonadotropins on ovulation and the ovaries capacity to secrete steroid hormones. In addition, the ovaries asymmetric capacity for ovulation and hormone secretion could be explained by the asymmetries in their innervations.
The “Risky Business” of Binge Drinking among College Students: Using Risk Models for PSAs and Anti-Drinking Campaigns

Abstract To assist creators of public service announcements and anti-drinking campaigns, this study provides an in-depth examination of the risks of binge drinking from the perspective of college students. Using current risk models for guidance, key elements from the qualitative data in the study are addressed, including perceived risks and their severity, vulnerability to risks, self-efficacy, response efficacy, benefits from ritual functions, and other costs or benefits based on students' attitudes and beliefs. An integrated risk perception model is introduced. Student participants enumerated extensive risks; however, they generally felt invulnerable to the consequences. Most adopted a management style of “taking chances” when binge drinking because they perceived a built-in safety net in the college environment. Three ritual functions and various attitudes and beliefs help explain why a cost and benefit analysis favors binge drinking. Recommendations are given.
Evidence for lysine acetylation in the coat protein of a polerovirus

Virions of the RPV strain of Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV were purified from infected oat tissue and analysed by MS. Two conserved residues, K147 and K181, in the virus coat protein, were confidently identified to contain epsilon-N-acetyl groups. While no functional data are available for K147, K181 lies within an interfacial region critical for virion assembly and stability. The signature immonium ion at m/z 126.0919 demonstrated the presence of N-acetyllysine, and the sequence fragment ions enabled an unambiguous assignment of the epsilon-N-acetyl modification on K181. We hypothesize that selection favours acetylation of K181 in a fraction of coat protein monomers to stabilize the capsid by promoting intermonomer salt bridge formation.
Visual block link analysis for image re-ranking

Currently, image retrieval is becoming a popular feature in many search engines, most of which return images solely based on the metadata of pages in which the image appears. Since the page text may be inconsistent with the image content, image re-ranking is of great necessity. In this paper, we propose a Visual Block Rank approach for image re-ranking. We consider images as visual block sets and analyze the authority of images by exploring the underlying visual block link structure via LSA (Latent Semantic Analysis). The idea of Page-Rank is leveraged to our scheme for Visual Block Ranking and then the re-ranking order of images is deduced. We validate our approach with search results returned by Google Image. Experimental results show improvement of the accuracy and efficiency of our method over the state-of-the-art VisualRank algorithm.
Effects of Manipulative Instruction on Solving Area and Perimeter Problems by Students with Learning Disabilities

A multiple baseline design was employed to test the effect of manipulative instruction on the perimeter and area problem–solving performance of middle and high school students who had been diagnosed with LD in the area of mathematics. Modeling, prompting/guided practice, and independent practice in conjunction with manipulative training were employed to teach both perimeter and area problem–solving skills. Analysis of data revealed that the students rapidly acquired the problem–solving–skills, maintained these skills over a two–month period, and transferred these skills to a paper and pencil problem–solving format. This research extends previous findings by revealing that use of concrete manipulatives promotes the long–term maintenance of skills.
Classroom Diversification: A Strategic View of Educational Productivity

This article advances a theory of educational productivity based on a paradigm of classroom diversification that defines a strategic view of the education production process. The paradigm’s underlying premise is that classroom student performance, and the instructional interactions that produce such outcomes, depend on economies derived from the learning relationships that exist across and among students in a classroom and on the technological fit between students’ learning needs and a teacher’s capacity. In addition to the conceptual classroom diversification framework, measures of classroom student diversity and teacher capacity are presented, followed by a discussion of the implications of the proposed classroom diversification paradigm for educational research, policy, and practice.
Coping with the Stress of High Stakes Testing

SUMMARY High stakes testing puts considerable pressure on schools, teachers, and students to achieve at high levels. Therefore, how schools and individuals cope with this major source of stress may have important implications for the success of high stakes testing. This article reviews relevant theory and research on stress as they relate to public schools and high stakes testing. Particular attention is given to the negative consequences of stress when the external pressure exceeds the ability of the school or individual to cope with the pressure. The article also reviews strategies that can be used by schools, teachers, and students to cope with stress.
Transition to Fatherhood: Modeling the Experience of Fathers of Breastfed Infants

Transition to parenthood has long been examined from the angle of mothers' experience. When looked at this transition through fathers' lens, fathers' involvement and perceived parental efficacy appear to be landmarks of this experience. This article examines a model of the relationships among father involvement, perceived parental efficacy, events related to breastfeeding, support, stress, and income with a sample of 164 fathers of breastfed infants. This model highlights the direct and indirect contributions of support and stress to fathers' perceived parenting efficacy and involvement. Possible directions for nursing practice, education, and research are proposed to ease men's transition to fatherhood.
Research note: A motivational perspective on change processes and outcomes

A reengineering process in a chemical plant with technostructural and human-process-oriented interventions was analysed in order to develop and test a generalized expectancy – valence-theory model for participation in the change process and effective change. It was assumed that both supervisory support and favourable colleagues' change attitudes enhance one's change motivation, and participation in the change process, by increasing participation opportunities, and positive attitudes toward change. In turn, employee participation should have a positive impact on outcomes of the change process. After 2 years of restructuring, 104 employees participated in the evaluation of the change process. Path analyses revealed results that supported our model by and large. Employee participation in the change process predicts positive organizational effects. Favourable change attitudes as well as perceived participation opportunities, and supervisory support, which were integrated into one scale, predict the degree of employee participation. The latter also showed a direct path to organizational effects.