Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE NOVA SHELL AND EVOLUTION OF THE RECURRENT NOVA T PYXIDIS

T Pyxidis (T Pyx) is the prototypical recurrent nova (RN), with five eruptions from 1890 to 1967 and a mysterious nova shell. We report new observations of the nova shell with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the year 2007, which provides a long time baseline to compare with HST images from 1994 and 1995. We find that the knots in the nova shell are expanding with velocities ranging from roughly 500 km s−1 to 715 km s−1, assuming a distance of 3500 pc. The fractional expansion of the knots is constant, which implies no significant deceleration of the knots, which must have been ejected by an eruption close to the year 1866. We see knots that have turned on after 1995; this shows that the knots are powered by shocks from the collision of the “1866” ejecta with fast ejecta from later RN eruptions. We derive that the “1866” ejecta has a total mass of ∼10−4.5 M☉, which with the low ejection velocity shows that the “1866” event was an ordinary nova eruption, not an RN eruption. This also implies that the accretion rate before the ordinary nova event must have been low (around the 4 × 10−11 M☉ yr−1 expected for gravitational radiation alone), and that the matter accumulated on the surface of the white dwarf for ∼750,000 years. The current accretion rate (>10−8 M☉ yr−1) is ∼1000× higher than expected for a system below the period gap, with the plausible reason being that the “1866” event started a continuing supersoft source that drives the accretion. The accretion rate has been declining since before the 1890 eruption, with the current rate being only 3% of its earlier value. The decline in the observed accretion rate shows that the supersoft source is not self-sustaining; we calculate that the accretion in T Pyx will effectively stop in upcoming decades. With this, T Pyx will enter a state of hibernation lasting for an estimated 2,600,000 years before gravitational radiation brings the system into contact again. Thus, T Pyx has an evolutionary cycle going from an ordinary CV state (lasting 750,000 years), to its current RN state (lasting little longer than a century), to a future hibernation state (lasting 2,600,000 years), and then repeating this cycle.
Traffic Network Equilibrium Simulation Based on Multi-Agent

Traffic network equilibrium problem has attracted attention and been used widely, however, because of complicity of traffic network equilibrium problem, it's difficult to describe it in detail with traditional model. Development of Agent technology provides a new approach for traffic network equilibrium research. This paper bases on Multi-Agent technology, applies discretization method to make infinite dimension problem into finite dimension one, and uses Java language to achieve traffic network equilibrium simulation system in which finite class users choose path dynamically. The simulation result shows description of simulation system to traffic network equilibrium problem is logical, and simulation system provides feasible and effective tool to solve complex equilibrium problem.
Salmonella Typhi Porins OmpC and OmpF Are Potent Adjuvants for T-Dependent and T-Independent Antigens

Several microbial components, such as bacterial DNA and flagellin, have been used as experimental vaccine adjuvants because of their inherent capacity to efficiently activate innate immune responses. Likewise, our previous work has shown that the major Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) outer membrane proteins OmpC and OmpF (porins) are highly immunogenic protective antigens that efficiently stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses in the absence of exogenous adjuvants. Moreover, S. Typhi porins induce the expression of costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells through toll-like receptor canonical signaling pathways. However, the potential of major S. Typhi porins to be used as vaccine adjuvants remains unknown. Here, we evaluated the adjuvant properties of S. Typhi porins against a range of experimental and clinically relevant antigens. Co-immunization of S. Typhi porins with ovalbumin (OVA), an otherwise poorly immunogenic antigen, enhanced anti-OVA IgG titers, antibody class switching, and affinity maturation. This adjuvant effect was dependent on CD4+ T-cell cooperation and was associated with an increase in IFN-γ, IL-17A, and IL-2 production by OVA-specific CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, co-immunization of S. Typhi porins with an inactivated H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza virus experimental vaccine elicited higher hemagglutinating anti-influenza IgG titers, antibody class switching, and affinity maturation. Unexpectedly, co-administration of S. Typhi porins with purified, unconjugated Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Vi CPS)—a T-independent antigen—induced higher IgG antibody titers and class switching. Together, our results suggest that S. Typhi porins OmpC and OmpF are versatile vaccine adjuvants, which could be used to enhance T-cell immune responses toward a Th1/Th17 profile, while improving antibody responses to otherwise poorly immunogenic T-dependent and T-independent antigens.
TopDisc Algorithm for Topology Control Research Based on Dump Energy

Under the premise of ensuring the network connectivity and coverage, by selecting a good topology control mechanisms is good for improving the efficiency of network communication and prolonging the life cycle of network. Based on the analysis algorithms of TopDisc algorithm, this thesis introduces an improved algorithm of TopDisc-- injecting the surplus of energy into the algorithm. And through analysis and comparison the two results, the conclusion comes: on the one hand, improved algorithm to draw the network on the survival time longer than the original algorithm; on the other hand, the nodes on the dump energy are more evenly than the original algorithm.
The Moral Compass of Insecurity

Three studies examined the associations between relational adult attachment and moral judgment. Study 1 shows that attachment-related anxiety and avoidance are uniquely and differentially related to moral concerns. Relative to low insecurity, higher avoidance was associated with weaker moral concerns about harm and unfairness, whereas higher anxiety was associated with stronger moral concerns about harm, unfairness, and impurity. Study 2 replicates these associations and shows that the effect for harm and fairness is mediated by attachment differences in empathic concern, whereas the effect for purity is mediated by disgust sensitivity. Furthermore, using an alternative measure of moral judgment we replicate the negative association between avoidance and harm concerns. Study 3 unpacks fairness judgments into three subcomponents and shows that even at this level avoidance and anxiety show divergent associations. Future directions for empirical examinations of morality and attachment are discussed.
Genetic programming approach for testing credit risk box method

In this paper, Genetic Programming (GP) technique is applied to the empirical analysis of a new geometric approach of credit risk, financial ratios and bankruptcy prediction. Utilizing financial ratios for prediction of corporate bankruptcy and identification of firms’ impending failure is indeed desirable for investors, creditors, borrowing firms, and governments. This paper presents new geometric technique for empirical analysis of credit and bankruptcy risk using financial ratios. Within this framework, we propose the use of a new ratio representation which is named Risk Box measure (RB). We demonstrate the application of this geometric approach for variable representation, data visualization and financial ratios at different stages of corporate bankruptcy prediction models based on financial balance sheet ratios. These stages are the selection of variables (predictors), accuracy of each estimation model and the representation of each model for transformed and common ratios. By the time, several methods have been attempted in the use of financial ratios on predicting bankruptcy but some of them suffer from underlying shortcomings. Recently, Genetic Programming (GP) has received great attention in academic and empirical fields of solving highly complex problems. Results of Genetic Programming (GP) as statistical classification methodology are compared for common and transformed ratios and better accuracy is obtained.
Stability Investigation of Large Gate-Width Metamorphic High Electron-Mobility Transistors at Cryogenic Temperature

An investigation of metamorphic high electron mobility transistor stability at cryogenic temperature is presented in this paper. Unlike in the case of two-finger transistors, the measurements of cooled four-finger devices with large gate widths exhibit unstable behavior in the form of steps in the current-voltage characteristics, discontinuities in the transconductance, and reduced gain. This unstable behavior has hampered the reliable realization of low-noise amplifiers for cryogenic applications. We study different gate-width devices with a multiport transistor model, allowing the separation of gate and drain feeder structures from the active part of the transistor. The simulation reveals the presence of resonances in the frequency region of several hundreds of gigahertz. We demonstrate that the resonances disappear when an air bridge is placed across the fingers of the drain feeder structure, and confirm the stabilizing effect of the air bridge both on device and circuit level by cryogenic measurements.
Adult mortality in a rural area of Senegal: Non-communicable diseases have a large impact in Mlomp

This study provides original estimates of adult mortality in Mlomp, a rural population of Senegal which has been monitored for twenty years. Causes of death are assessed through verbal autopsies which are completed by medical information. Between ages 15 and 60, male mortality is much higher than female mortality. Globally, AIDS mortality does not have the tragic impact observed in other regions of Africa, and maternal mortality is relatively low for a rural area, unlike injuries which are common among men. In Mlomp, non-communicable diseases, especially cancers, are predominant. In addition to behavioural factors, infectious diseases may contribute to this situation.
Natural Convection Flow of Fractional Nanofluids Over an Isothermal Vertical Plate with Thermal Radiation

The studies of classical nanofluids are restricted to models described by partial differential equations of integer order, and the memory effects are ignored. Fractional nanofluids, modeled by differential equations with Caputo time derivatives, are able to describe the influence of memory on the nanofluid behavior. In the present paper, heat and mass transfer characteristics of two water-based fractional nanofluids, containing nanoparticles of CuO and Ag, over an infinite vertical plate with a uniform temperature and thermal radiation, are analytically and graphically studied. Closed form solutions are determined for the dimensionless temperature and velocity fields, and the corresponding Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient. These solutions, presented in equivalent forms in terms of the Wright function or its fractional derivatives, have also been reduced to the known solutions of ordinary nanofluids. The influence of the fractional parameter on the temperature, velocity, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient, is graphically underlined and discussed. The enhancement of heat transfer in the natural convection flows is lower for fractional nanofluids, in comparison to ordinary nanofluids. In both cases, the fluid temperature increases for increasing values of the nanoparticle volume fraction.
A consensus protocol under directed communications with two time delays and delay scheduling

This paper studies a consensus protocol over a group of agents driven by second-order dynamics. The communication among members of the group is assumed to be directed and affected by two rationally independent time delays, one in the position and the other in the velocity information channels. These delays are unknown but considered to be constant and uniform throughout the system. The stability of the consensus protocol is studied using a simplifying factorisation procedure and deploying the cluster treatment of characteristic roots (CTCR) paradigm. This effort results in a unique depiction of the exact stability boundaries in the domain of the delays. The CTCR requires the knowledge of the potential stability switching loci exhaustively within this domain. The creation of these loci is an important contribution of this work. It is done in a new surrogate coordinate system, called the spectral delay space. The relative stability of the system, that is, the speed to reach consensus is also investigated for this class of systems. Based on the outcome of this effort, a paradoxical control design concept is introduced. It is called the delay scheduling, which is another key contribution of this paper. It reveals that the performance of the system may be improved by increasing the delays. The amount of increase, however, is only revealed by the CTCR. Example case studies are presented to verify the underlying analytical derivations.
Whole Genome Sequencing of Enterovirus species C Isolates by High-Throughput Sequencing: Development of Generic Primers

Enteroviruses are among the most common viruses infecting humans and can cause diverse clinical syndromes ranging from minor febrile illness to severe and potentially fatal diseases. Enterovirus species C (EV-C) consists of more than 20 types, among which the three serotypes of polioviruses, the etiological agents of poliomyelitis, are included. Biodiversity and evolution of EV-C genomes are shaped by frequent recombination events. Therefore, identification and characterization of circulating EV-C strains require the sequencing of different genomic regions. A simple method was developed to quickly sequence the entire genome of EV-C isolates. Four overlapping fragments were produced separately by RT-PCR performed with generic primers. The four amplicons were then pooled and purified prior to being sequenced by a high-throughput technique. The method was assessed on a panel of EV-Cs belonging to a wide-range of types. It can be used to determine full-length genome sequences through de novo assembly of thousands of reads. It was also able to discriminate reads from closely related viruses in mixtures. By decreasing the workload compared to classical Sanger-based techniques, this method will serve as a precious tool for sequencing large panels of EV-Cs isolated in cell cultures during environmental surveillance or from patients, including vaccine-derived polioviruses.
Speech recognition using syllable and pseudo articulatory features modeling

This paper presents an account of the use of syllable structure as the basis for a novel approach to speech recognition. It is demonstrated that working with syllables provides the basis for linguistically motivated speech recognition using the previously reported notion of the pseudo-articulatory representation (PAR). Speech recognition experiments show that a recognition model developed on the basis of a single speaker can be successfully applied to recognition of speech produced by a different speaker. Therefore, the approach reported demonstrates the potential for speaker independent recognition. In general, this research leads to a more plausible style of automatic speech recognition and contributes to knowledge of phonetics and speech behavior.
Factors characterizing reopened issues: a case study

Background: Reopened issues may cause problems in managing software maintenance effort. In order to take actions that will reduce the likelihood of issue reopening the possible causes of bug reopens should be analysed. Aims: In this paper, we investigate potential factors that may cause issue reopening. Method: We have extracted issue activity data from a large release of an enterprise software product. We consider four dimensions, namely developer activity, issue proximity network, static code metrics of the source code changed to fix an issue, issue reports and fixes as possible factors that may cause issue reopening. We have done exploratory analysis on data. We build logistic regression models on data in order to identify key factors leading issue reopening. We have also conducted a survey regarding these factors with the QA Team of the product and interpreted the results. Results: Our results indicate that centrality in the issue proximity network and developer activity are important factors in issue reopening. We have also interpreted our results with the QA Team to point out potential implications for practitioners. Conclusions: Quantitative findings of our study suggest that issue complexity and developers workload play an important role in triggering issue reopening.
Genetic variation , systematics and management of kiwi ( Apteryx spp . )

Kiwi (Apteryx: Struthioniformes) are a family of ratite birds confined entirely to New Zealand. Since 1813, at least ten species have been described. Recent taxonomy has accepted three species: A. owenii (little spotted kiwi), A. haastii (great spotted kiwi) and A. australis (brown kiwi). Apteryx australis has three subspecies: A. a. australis (South Island); A. a. mantelli (North Island); and A. a. lawryi (Stewart Island). We undertook a survey of genetic variation of all known types of kiwi. Between 1984 and 1992, blood samples were collected from populations of all presumed taxa of kiwi from 32 locations. The objectives of this survey were to: (a) describe patterns of geographic variation in blood proteins (allozymes); (b) assess competing taxonomic hypotheses for Apteryx; and (c) identify management units and populations of special conservation significance. Cluster analysis of allozyme variation revealed four genetic groups differentiated at the species level: (a) northern brown kiwi from the North Island and Okarito on the West Coast of the South Island, corresponding to A. mantelli; (b) tokoeka or southern brown kiwi from Haast, Fiordland and Stewart Island, corresponding to A. australis; (c) little spotted kiwi; and (d) great spotted kiwi. Within these major groups, three populations of special interest were revealed: (a) Okarito brown kiwi; (b) Haast tokoeka, which may be specifically distinct; and (c) Little Barrier Island brown kiwi. Tokoeka from Fiordland and Stewart Island show high levels of genetic similarity. Populations of great spotted kiwi show moderate levels of genetic divergence with no apparent geographic pattern. The two populations of little spotted kiwi, on Kapiti and D’Urville Islands, are genetically very similar. Kapiti Island brown kiwi are of a hybrid A. mantelli × A. australis origin, and a single bird from Franz Josef was a hybrid A. australis × A. owenii. Other hypotheses regarding the latter bird are discussed. Present theory recommends conservation of the entire range and geographic pattern of genetic variation. This study identified seven fundamental management units for kiwi, corresponding to genetically and geographically distinct populations or metapopulations. Management priority of these units should be determined by ecological factors such as rarity and immediate threats to survival. Translocations between management units should be prohibited. Research should be undertaken to resolve remaining taxonomic uncertainties.
A dynamic technique for enhancing the security and privacy of web applications

Web application security and privacy became a central concern among the security community. The problems that are faced once an application is compromised necessarily demands special attention. The emerging programming languages, which allow unexperienced users to quickly develop applications, still fail to introduce mechanisms for preventing the aforementioned attacks. We introduce a technique for enhancing the security and privacy for a web-based solution, by augmenting its execution environment to include tracking information, that permits to eﬃciently identify and thwart several attack scenarios. The technique has been implemented to protect PHP, and could be extended to protect other web-development languages (such as Java, ASP.NET, Python, Perl and Ruby.) Typical exploitation methods as database-injection attacks, shell injection attacks, cross-site scripting attacks and directory-traversal attacks are prevented. Moreover, this technique prevents untrusted users from obtaining private data stored within the web application’s network; thus, putting oﬀ the theft of sensitive data, as credit card information, as well as averting information leakage.
Propagation of a K-body force into A-body space.

The calculation of the spreading width of a compound nuclear reaction caused by a symmetry breaking $K$-body force acting in an $A$-body system ($K << A$, usually $K=2$) involves the determination of the local average square matrix element in $A$-body space. This problem is reduced to finding the global mean square matrix element $v^2$ in $K$-body space. The result is a compact formula for the spreading width which contains $v^2$ as an input. Our method is based on the dilute gas approximation for excitons close to the Fermi edge. The relative strength of the contributions of operators with different exciton rank as well as the connection between the energy dependence of the spreading width and the body rank of the underlying interaction are established.
Discrimination of Native Folds Using Network Properties of Protein Structures

Graph theoretic properties of proteins can be used to perceive the differences between correctly folded proteins and well designed decoy sets. 3D protein structures of proteins are represented with graphs. We used two different graph representations: Delaunay tessellations of proteins and contact map graphs. Graph theoretic properties for both graph types showed high classification accuracy for protein discrimination. Fisher, linear, quadratic, neural network, and support vector classifiers were used for the classification of the protein structures. The best classifier accuracy was over 98%. Results showed that characteristic features of graph theoretic properties can be used in the detection of native folds.
Creation of Computerized 3D MRI-Integrated Atlases of the Human Basal Ganglia and Thalamus

Functional brain imaging and neurosurgery in subcortical areas often requires visualization of brain nuclei beyond the resolution of current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. We present techniques used to create: (1) a lower resolution 3D atlas, based on the Schaltenbrand and Wahren print atlas, which was integrated into a stereotactic neurosurgery planning and visualization platform (VIPER); and (2) a higher resolution 3D atlas derived from a single set of manually segmented histological slices containing nuclei of the basal ganglia, thalamus, basal forebrain, and medial temporal lobe. Both atlases were integrated to a canonical MRI (Colin27) from a young male participant by manually identifying homologous landmarks. The lower resolution atlas was then warped to fit the MRI based on the identified landmarks. A pseudo-MRI representation of the high-resolution atlas was created, and a non-linear transformation was calculated in order to match the atlas to the template MRI. The atlas can then be warped to match the anatomy of Parkinson's disease surgical candidates by using 3D automated non-linear deformation methods. By way of functional validation of the atlas, the location of the sensory thalamus was correlated with stereotactic intraoperative physiological data. The position of subthalamic electrode positions in patients with Parkinson's disease was also evaluated in the atlas-integrated MRI space. Finally, probabilistic maps of subthalamic stimulation electrodes were developed, in order to allow group analysis of the location of contacts associated with the best motor outcomes. We have therefore developed, and are continuing to validate, a high-resolution computerized MRI-integrated 3D histological atlas, which is useful in functional neurosurgery, and for functional and anatomical studies of the human basal ganglia, thalamus, and basal forebrain.