Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
First cosmic ray exposure dating (in situ produced 10Be) of the late pleistocene and holocene glaciation in the Nanhutashan Mountains (Taiwan)

In Taiwan, efficient climate‐driven strong erosion processes are the leading cause for low preservation of geomorphic landforms. Despite the absence of present‐day glaciers, glacial relicts have been reported in high altitude areas. These scarce landforms provide opportunities for reconstructing the timing of the last deglaciation in a region where glacial history is poorly documented. We have collected boulders and striated bedrocks in the Nanhutashan area and calculated surface exposure ages based on in‐situ produced 10Be concentrations. The oldest glacial remains, dated at 11.1 ± 3.3 ka, correspond to the last glacial advance. The Holocene is characterized by a continuous retreat of the ice‐cap until at least 7.2 ± 1.0 ka. Our results are in agreement with a scenario where changes of monsoon regimes lead to a strong reduction of the winter monsoon during the early Holocene, causing a decrease of snow supply and disequilibrium of the hydrological budget.
Vehicle stability enhancement by a robust cascade control of the brake system

In the paper the road holding of a heavy vehicle is improved by using unilateral braking. The goal of the control design is to reduce the effect of the lateral acceleration of the vehicle, when it exceeds a predefined critical limit. The safety critical requirements motivate the application of robust control theory. The design problem is solved by a three-level cascade control with H∞ controllers on each level. The actuator dynamics of the brake system, the wheel dynamics and the nonlinear tire adhesion characteristics are taken into consideration. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated through an overtaking maneuver.
Ebola Virus Antibodies in Fruit Bats, Bangladesh

To determine geographic range for Ebola virus, we tested 276 bats in Bangladesh. Five (3.5%) bats were positive for antibodies against Ebola Zaire and Reston viruses; no virus was detected by PCR. These bats might be a reservoir for Ebola or Ebola-like viruses, and extend the range of filoviruses to mainland Asia.
Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of Single La-Doped SnO2 Nanobelts

Single crystal SnO2 nanobelts (SnO2 NBs) and La-SnO2 nanobelts (La-SnO2 NBs) were synthesized by thermal evaporation. Both a single SnO2 NB sensor and a single La-SnO2 NB sensor were developed and their sensing properties were investigated. It is found that the single La-SnO2 NB sensor had a high sensitivity of 8.76 to ethanediol at a concentration of 100 ppm at 230 °C, which is the highest sensitivity of a single SnO2 NB to ethanediol among three kinds of volatile organic (VOC) liquids studied, including ethanediol, ethanol, and acetone. The La-SnO2 NBs sensor also exhibits a high sensitivity, good selectivity and long-term stability with prompt response time to ethanediol. The mechanism behind the enhanced sensing performance of La-doped SnO2 nanobelts is discussed.
Discussion on the Three Backjumping Schemes Existing in ADOPT-ng

The original ADOPT-ng has three major versions, corresponding to three different classes of feedback possibilities. The first version is identical to the scheme of the original ADOPT, where messages with feedback are communicated only to the variable of one’s parent node in the DFS of the constraint graph. It is similar to the GraphBased Backjumping concept common in Constraint Satisfaction (CSPs), except that the asynchronous computation paradigm makes the term “backjumping” less intuitively accurate. The second major version of ADOPT-ng communicates costs to higher priority agents based on dependencies detected dynamically. The third version combined dependencies detected dynamically with statically analyzed constraint graph structure. These versions are related to ConflictBased Backjumping schemes in CSPs in the way conflicts are announced to earlier variables. Here we discuss and experiment in more detail the advantages and drawbacks of the different backjumping schemes and of some of their variations. While past experiments have shown that sending more feedback is better than sending the minimal information needed for correctness, new experiments show that one should not exaggerate sending too much feedback and that the best strategy is at an intermediary point.
Hydrology and Water Budget for a Forested Atlantic Coastal Plain Watershed, South Carolina 1

Abstract: Increases in timber demand and urban development in the Atlantic Coastal Plain over the past decade have motivated studies on the hydrology, water quality, and sustainable management of coastal plain watersheds. However, studies on baseline water budgets are limited for the low‐lying, forested watersheds of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. The purpose of this study was to document the hydrology and a method to quantify the water budget of a first‐order forested watershed, WS80, located within the USDA Forest Service Santee Experimental Forest northeast of Charleston, South Carolina. Annual Rainfall for the 2003 and 2004 periods were 1,671 mm (300 mm above normal) and 962 mm (over 400 mm below normal), respectively. Runoff coefficients (outflow as a fraction of total rainfall) for the 2003 and 2004 periods were 0.47 and 0.08, respectively, indicating a wide variability of outflows as affected by antecedent conditions. A spreadsheet‐based Thornthwaite monthly water balance model was tested on WS80 using three different potential evapotranspiration estimators [Hamon, Thornthwaite, and Penman‐Monteith (P‐M)]. The Hamon and P‐M‐based methods performed reasonably well with average absolute monthly deviations of 12.6 and 13.9 mm, respectively, between the measured and predicted outflows. Estimated closure errors were all within 9% for the 2003, 2004, and seasonal water budgets. These results may have implications on forest management practices and provide necessary baseline or reference information for Atlantic Coastal Plain watersheds.
Memantine Loaded Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles for Glaucoma Treatment

Extended Abstract Recent studies have shown that treatment with Memantine (MEM) protected retinal ganglion cells in monkey models of glaucoma, reducing ganglion cell loss during treatment with this drug (Hare et al, 2009). An important goal is the development of a safe and effective formulation for delivery of Memantine to the eye posterior segment. In this way, biodegradable polyesters such as poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) had demonstrated to be safe as drug delivery systems. Moreover, poliethilenglicol coating could increase the ocular residential time of the particles. For these reason in this work new MEM-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles had been developed in order to accomplish the quality standards for ocular drug delivery. (Vega et al, 2012) MEM-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion method. Briefly, the first step consisted on the preparation of a w/o emulsion and ultrasound energy was applied. Then, a second water phase was added and a second sonication was done obtaining w1/o/w2 emulsion. Finally a slight amount of surfactant was added and nanoparticles were stirred overnight in order to eliminate organic solvent. (Zambaux et al, 1998). Different factorial designs were carried out in order to determine the formulation critical factors involved in double emulsion method. In these assays, the effect of concentration of formulation compounds, sonication parameters, pH and volume phase ratios on size, polydispersion index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency was studied. NPs characterization was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), showing an average size smaller than 200 nm and a monodisperse population, both confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Surface charge of the formulation has been found to be negative being encapsulation efficiency higher than 50 %. Short-term stability studies were carried out at 25oC during the first 3 months. Backscattering profile showed no significant modifications due to particle size agregation suggesting that nanoparticles would be stable. In vitro Hen ́s Egg Test-Chorioallantoid Membrane (HET-CAM) was carried out showing optimal ocular tolerance of the nanoparticles in contrast with the free drug which was found to be irritating. These agree with in vivo Draize test results. In conclusion, the association MEM loaded PLGA-PEG nanoparticles provides a new and stable ocular drug delivery system which had demonstrated to be less irritating than the free drug.
Constraint Based Planning with Composable Substate Graphs

Constraint satisfaction techniques provide powerful inference algorithms that can prune choices during search. Constraint-based approaches provide a useful complement to heuristic search optimal planners. We develop a constraint-based model for cost-optimal planning that uses global constraints to improve the inference in planning. The key novelty in our approach is in a transformation of the SAS+ input that adds a form of macro-action to fully connect chains of composable operators. This translation leads to the development of a natural dominance constraint on the new problem which we add to our constraint model. We provide empirical results to show that our planner, Constance, solves more instances than the current best constraint-based planners. We also demonstrate the power of our new dominance constraints in this representation.
Physical Layer Network Coding for Two-Way Relaying with QAM

The design of modulation schemes for the physical layer network-coded two-way relay network has been studied in literature and it is known that every network coding map that satisfies the exclusive law is representable by a Latin Square. This relationship has been used to get network coding maps satisfying the exclusive law. But, only the scenario in which the end nodes use M-PSK signal sets has been addressed previously. In this paper, we address the case in which the end nodes use M-QAM signal sets. In a fading scenario, for certain channel conditions γejθ, termed singular fade states, the end-to-end performance is greatly reduced. By formulating a procedure for finding the exact number of singular fade states for QAM, we show that square QAM signal sets give lesser number of singular fade states compared to PSK signal sets. This reduces the computational complexity at the relay node. It is shown that the criterion for partitioning the complex plane, for the purpose of using a particular network code for a particular fade state, is different from that used for M-PSK. Using a modified criterion, we describe a procedure to analytically partition the complex plane representing the channel condition. We show that when M-QAM (M >4) signal set is used, the conventional XOR network mapping fails to remove the ill effects of γejθ=1, which is a singular fade state for all signal sets of arbitrary size. We show that a doubly block circulant Latin Square removes this singular fade state for M-QAM. Finally it is shown that M-QAM gives superior performance over M-PSK.
MAGIC: a motion gesture design tool

Devices capable of gestural interaction through motion sensing are increasingly becoming available to consumers; however, motion gesture control has yet to appear outside of game consoles. Interaction designers are frequently not expert in pattern recognition, which may be one reason for this lack of availability. Another issue is how to effectively test gestures to ensure that they are not unintentionally activated by a user's normal movements during everyday usage. We present MAGIC, a gesture design tool that addresses both of these issues, and detail the results of an evaluation.
Simulating electromagnetic field inside small aircraft from wireless camera equipment

The proliferation of wireless systems has urged the aviation industry to consider the exploitation of such a technology to introduce new services and to curtail its cabling weight requirements. Nevertheless, prior to implementing such communication systems, manufactures must ensure that the paramount criterion of aircraft safety is unaffected and thus the potential electromagnetic (EM) field posed on aircraft equipment must be carefully assessed and respective countermeasures taken. To this end, this paper adopts a frequency-domain based three-dimensional ray tracing algorithm, based on geometrical optics to compute the EM field generated from the use of wireless camera equipment transmitting at 2.4 GHz inside the cabin of a typical business jet. The model comprehensively considers the various propagation methodologies utilized by multipath signals to provide a holistic understanding of the resultant average field strength incident at each location inside the fuselage.
Phylogenetic origin and transcriptional regulation at the post-diauxic phase of SPI1, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The gene SPI1, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encodes a cell wall protein that is induced in several stress conditions, particularly in the postdiauxic and stationary phases of growth. It has a paralogue, SED1, which shows some common features in expression regulation and in the null mutant phenotype. In this work we have identified homologues in other species of yeasts and filamentous fungi, and we have also elucidated some aspects of the origin of SPI1, by duplication and diversification of SED1. In terms of regulation, we have found that the expression in the post-diauxic phase is regulated by genes related to the PKA pathway and stress response (MSN2/4, YAK1, POP2, SOK2, PHD1, and PHO84) and by genes involved in the PKC pathway (WSC2, PKC1, and MPK1).
Ecosystem Respiration in a Seasonally Snow-Covered Subalpine Grassland

Abstract Ecosystem respiration is important because it is the small imbalances between CO2 uptake via photosynthesis and CO2 release by ecosystem respiration that determine the effect of the biosphere on atmospheric CO2. For subalpine grasslands with mild winters we do not know the size of under-snow respiration relative to the total annual ecosystem respiration. This study determines the contribution of respiration through snow to total annual respiration, and models annual ecosystem respiration based on relationships with soil temperature and water content. Measurements were made monthly for two years in an unmanaged subalpine grassland in the Snowy Mountains of Australia. The vegetation is sparse (aboveground mass = 355–605 g m−2, belowground mass = 570–1010 g m−2) and dominated by native perennial C3 grasses and sedges. Ecosystem respiration was positively related to temperature, and there was some evidence that ecosystem respiration was more temperature sensitive at temperatures between 0 and 2 °C than at warmer temperatures. Annual ecosystem respiration was 12.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in 2007/2008 and 10.5 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 in 2008/2009. Maximum daily rates of ecosystem respiration of 7 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 occurred during summer, while minimum rates occurred under snow cover and were 0.2 to 0.9 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1. The duration of permanent snow cover was 60–68 days (equivalent to 16–18% of the year) and ecosystem respiration under snow was 4.1 to 4.3% of annual ecosystem respiration, which is smaller than the 10–50% commonly reported from studies in areas with longer snow-covered periods.
Supporting Online Material Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S7 Tables S1 to S5 Data Files References Rna Exosome Depletion Reveals Transcription Upstream of Active Human Promoters

the sense complex may promote antisense preinitiation complex formation in the upstream region (16). Second, as RNAPII elongates the sense transcript, negative supercoiling of the DNA will occur upstream, perhaps promoting the antisense initiation process (17). This divergent transcription could structure chromatin and nascent RNA at the TSS for subsequent regulation. Studies have shown that the bulk of eukaryotic genomes is transcribed. Transcriptome maps are frequently updated, but low-abundant transcripts have probably gone unnoticed. To eliminate RNA degradation, we depleted the exonucleolytic RNA exosome from human cells and then subjected the RNA to tiling microarray analysis. This revealed a class of short, polyadenylated and highly unstable RNAs. These promoter upstream transcripts (PROMPTs) are produced ~0.5 to 2.5 kilobases upstream of active transcription start sites. PROMPT transcription occurs in both sense and antisense directions with respect to the downstream gene. In addition, it requires the presence of the gene promoter and is positively correlated with gene activity. We propose that PROMPT transcription is a common characteristic of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribed genes with a possible regulatory potential. R ecent high-throughput analyses have revealed that >90% of all human DNA is transcribed (1). The vast majority of these transcripts are noncoding, thus challenging the classical definition of what constitutes a gene and, by association, a promoter (2–4). Furthermore , additional short-lived RNAs might have escaped detection. With the aim of identifying such transcripts, we used RNA interference in HeLa cells to deplete hRrp40, a core component of the human 3′ to 5′ exoribonucleolytic exosome, one of the major RNA degradation complexes (fig. S1A) (5). This resulted in a severe processing defect of the known exosome substrate 5.8S ribosomal RNA (fig. S1B), demonstrating diminished exosome function. Oligo dT-primed, double-stranded cDNA from cells that had been treated with either a control [enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)] or hRrp40 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was hybridized to an encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) tiling array, which covers a representative ~1% of the human genome (1). Comparison of array data to public gene annotations revealed overall stabilization of mRNAs (exons in Fig. 1A), as expected. RNA from intronic and intergenic regions were largely unaffected, with the exception of a 1.5-kb region immediately upstream of transcription start sites (TSSs) that was stabilized ~1.5-fold on average (Fig. 1A). The relative stabilization of Fig. 4. Relationship between TSSa-RNAs, chro-matin structure, and RNAPII. (A) Percentage of genes associated with H3K4me3, …
Emulated ASIC Power and Temperature Monitor System for FPGA Prototyping of an Invasive MPSoC Computing Architecture

In this contribution the emulation of an ASIC temperature and power monitoring system (TPMon) for FPGA prototyping is presented and tested to control processor temperatures under different control targets and operating strategies. The approach for emulating the power monitor is based on an instruction-level energy model. For emulating the temperature monitor, a thermal RC model is used. The monitoring system supplies an invasive MPSoC computing architecture with hardware status information (power and temperature data of the processors within the system). These data are required for resource-aware load distribution. As a proof of concept different operating strategies and control targets were evaluated for a 2-tile invasive MPSoC computing system.
Development of a RAD-Seq Based DNA Polymorphism Identification Software, AgroMarker Finder, and Its Application in Rice Marker-Assisted Breeding

Rapid and accurate genome-wide marker detection is essential to the marker-assisted breeding and functional genomics studies. In this work, we developed an integrated software, AgroMarker Finder (AMF: http://erp.novelbio.com/AMF), for providing graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate the recently developed restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing data analysis in rice. By application of AMF, a total of 90,743 high-quality markers (82,878 SNPs and 7,865 InDels) were detected between rice varieties JP69 and Jiaoyuan5A. The density of the identified markers is 0.2 per Kb for SNP markers, and 0.02 per Kb for InDel markers. Sequencing validation revealed that the accuracy of genome-wide marker detection by AMF is 93%. In addition, a validated subset of 82 SNPs and 31 InDels were found to be closely linked to 117 important agronomic trait genes, providing a basis for subsequent marker-assisted selection (MAS) and variety identification. Furthermore, we selected 12 markers from 31 validated InDel markers to identify seed authenticity of variety Jiaoyuanyou69, and we also identified 10 markers closely linked to the fragrant gene BADH2 to minimize linkage drag for Wuxiang075 (BADH2 donor)/Jiachang1 recombinants selection. Therefore, this software provides an efficient approach for marker identification from RAD-seq data, and it would be a valuable tool for plant MAS and variety protection.
HETEROTIC GROUP FORMATION IN PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L. BY ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS

The present study aimed at evaluating the heterotic group formation in guava based on quantitative descriptors and using artificial neural network (ANN). For such, we evaluated eight quantitative descriptors. Large genetic variability was found for the eight quantitative traits in the 138 genotypes of guava. The artificial neural network technique determined that the optimal number of groups was three. The grouping consistency was determined by linear discriminant analysis, which obtained classification percentage of the groups, with a value of 86 %. It was concluded that the artificial neural network method is effective to detect genetic divergence and heterotic group formation.
Distinctive texture features from perspective-invariant keypoints

In this paper, we present an algorithm to detect and describe features of surface textures, similar to SIFT and SURF. In contrast to approaches solely based on the intensity image, it uses depth information to achieve invariance with respect to arbitrary changes of the camera pose. The algorithm works by constructing a scale space representation of the image which conserves the real-world size and shape of texture features. In this representation, keypoints are detected using a Difference-of-Gaussian response. Normal-aligned texture descriptors are then computed from the intensity gradient, normalizing the rotation around the normal using a gradient histogram. We evaluate our approach on a dataset of planar textured scenes and show that it outperforms SIFT and SURF under large viewpoint changes.
Adaptor Protein 1A Facilitates Dengue Virus Replication

Rearrangement of membrane structure induced by dengue virus (DENV) is essential for replication, and requires host cellular machinery. Adaptor protein complex (AP)-1 is a host component, which can be recruited to components required for membrane rearrangement. Therefore, dysfunction of AP-1 may affect membrane organization, thereby decreasing replication of virus in infected cells. In the present study, AP-1-dependent traffic inhibitor inhibited DENV protein expression and virion production. We further clarified the role of AP-1A in the life cycle of DENV by RNA interference. AP-1A was not involved in DENV entry into cells. However, it facilitated DENV RNA replication. Viral RNA level was reduced significantly in Huh7 cells transfected with AP-1A small interfering RNA (siRNA) compared with control siRNA. Transfection of naked DENV viral RNA into Huh7 cells transfected with AP-1A siRNA resulted in less viral RNA and virion production than transfection into Huh7 cells transfected with control siRNA. Huh7 cells transfected with AP-1A siRNA showed greater modification of membrane structures and fewer vesicular packets compared with cells transfected with control siRNA. Therefore, AP-1A may partly control DENV-induced rearrangement of membrane structures required for viral replication.