Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A formalisation of weak normalisation (with respect to permutations) of sequent calculus proofs

Dyckhoff and Pinto present a weakly normalising system of reductions on derivations in the cut-free intuitionistic sequent calculus, where the normal derivations are characterised as the fixed points of the composition of the Prawitz translations into natural deduction and back. This paper presents a formalisation of the system, including a proof of the weak normalisation property for the formalisation. More details can be found in earlier work by the author. The formalisation has been kept as close as possible to the original presentation to allow an evaluation of the state of proof assistance for such methods, and to ensure similarity of methods, and not merely similarity of results. The formalisation is restricted to the implicational fragment of intuitionistic logic.
Multiple Impacts of Loss of Plastidic Phosphatidylglycerol Biosynthesis on Photosynthesis during Seedling Growth of Arabidopsis

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is the only major phospholipid in the thylakoid membrane in cyanobacteria and plant chloroplasts. Although PG accounts only for ~10% of total thylakoid lipids, it plays indispensable roles in oxygenic photosynthesis. In contrast to the comprehensive analyses of PG-deprived mutants in cyanobacteria, in vivo roles of PG in photosynthesis during plant growth remain elusive. In this study, we characterized the photosynthesis of an Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA insertional mutant (pgp1-2), which lacks plastidic PG biosynthesis. In the pgp1-2 mutant, energy transfer from antenna pigments to the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center was severely impaired, which resulted in low photochemical efficiency of PSII. Unlike in the wild type, in pgp1-2, the PSII complexes were susceptible to photodamage by red light irradiation. Manganese ions were mostly dissociated from protein systems in pgp1-2, with oxygen-evolving activity of PSII absent in the mutant thylakoids. The oxygen-evolving complex may be disrupted in pgp1-2, which may accelerate the photodamage to PSII by red light. On the acceptor side of the mutant PSII, decreased electron-accepting capacity was observed along with impaired electron transfer. Although the reaction center of PSI was relatively active in pgp1-2 compared to the severe impairment in PSII, the cyclic electron transport was dysfunctional. Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis at 77K revealed that PG may not be needed for the self-organization of the macromolecular protein network in grana thylakoids but is essential for the assembly of antenna-reaction center complexes. Our data clearly show that thylakoid glycolipids cannot substitute for the role of PG in photosynthesis during plant growth.
Human Face Detection Based on SOFM Neural Network

This paper presented a new method of human face detection using Kohonen self-organized feature map (SOFM) neural network (NN). Presently, the human face detection based on the skin color is one of the main methods, but the most of color images include a lot of the skin-like information. Therefore, it is a difficult problem how to effectively extract the skin regions from the skin-like regions. The paper presented the detection method based on SOFM neural network to solve the problem. After nonlinear color clustering, skin regions can be roughly segmented from the skin-like regions and then human face regions can be accurately located by the morphology and the human face features. The experimental results show that the method can accurately detect human face in static color images and has stronger robustness to various skin colors
Shattering-Extremal Set Systems of VC Dimension at most 2

We say that a set system $\mathcal{F}\subseteq 2^{[n]}$ shatters a given set $S\subseteq [n]$ if $2^S=\{F~\cap~S ~:~F~\in~\mathcal{F}\}$. The Sauer inequality states that in general, a set system $\mathcal{F}$ shatters at least $|\mathcal{F}|$ sets. Here we concentrate on the case of equality. A set system is called shattering-extremal if it shatters exactly $|\mathcal{F}|$ sets. In this paper we characterize shattering-extremal set systems of Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension $2$ in terms of their inclusion graphs, and as a corollary we answer an open question about leaving out elements from shattering-extremal set systems in the case of families of Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension $2$.
LARGE-SCALE MULTIDIMENSIONAL COVERAGE DATABASES *

With GIS technology for Web-enabled vector and meta data access becoming mature, the next quest is towards fast, flexible services on extremely large raster data assets. Currently 2-D images (satellite imagery, ortho photos) prevail, but at the horizon higher-dimensional objects appear, such as 3-D time satellite image time series and seismic data, and 4-D climate simulations. At the same time, database researchers are getting aware of the specific challenges such multidimensional coverages pose. Some promising recent work shows that database systems with optimising query languages actually are superior to file-based systems in performance, flexibility, and scalability. We demonstrate three applications: a 2-D ortho photo maintained by the Bavarian State Survey, a 3-D AVHRR time series deployed as experimental Web service by the German Aerospace Association, and a 4-D climate simulation database implemented by Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology. All of them use the identical underlying database technology, namely RasDaMan / Oracle with the RasDaMan raster query language.
Feminist Therapy Islam Sebagai Alternatif Menangani Korban Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga

Domestic Violence (KDRT) both in quantity and quality tends to increase, this can be caused by several things. First, public awareness of human rights has become part of people’s lives. Second, the number of institutions that care enough about the phenomenon of domestic violence so as to be able to report the numbers of violence that occurred. So far, the handling of domestic violence is still limited to the victims of violence. The approach of counseling theory that is considered relevant to cases of domestic violence is Islamic feminist therapy (Islamic feminist therapy). The concept built in feminist theory uses a system perspective integrated with Islamic psychology, meaning that the process of counseling intervention is not only to the individual but also environment to ensure the settlement of the root of the problem and even a spiritual and religious touch. The ability of counselors to empower individuals or communities within the victim’s environment is a skill that must be sharpened by counselors who use feminist therapy. This theory is based on three principles: First, the personal is political; Second, egalitarian relationship; and Third, the valuing perspective. These concepts that become pillars of feminist therapy and weighed with religion become important indicators in determining the ability of counselors in helping accompany victims of domestic violence. Angka Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) secara kuantitas maupun kualitas cenderung meningkat, disebabkan oleh beberapa hal. Pertama, kesadaran masyarakat terhadap hak-hak asasi sudah menjadi bagian kehidupan masyarakat. Kedua, banyaknya lembaga yang cukup peduli pada fenomena KDRT sehingga mampu melaporkan angka- angka kekerasan yang terjadi. Selama ini penanganan KDRT masih sebatas pada korban kekerasan. Pendekatan teori konseling yang dianggap relevan dengan kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga adalah feminis terapi islam (Islamic feminist therapy). Konsep yang dibangun dalam teori feminis memakai perspektif sistem yang diintegrasikan dengan psikologi Islam, artinya proses intervensi konseling tidak hanya kepada individu tetapi lingkungan individu ikut diberi perlakuan untuk menjamin penyelesaian akar masalah bahkan ada sentuhan spiritual dan religius. Kemampuan konselor untuk memberdayakan individu/masyarakat di lingkungan korban merupakan kemampuan yang harus diasah oleh konselor yang memakai terapi feminis. Teori ini didasari pada prinsip, yaitu; Pertama, the personal is political; Kedua, egalitarian relationship; dan Ketiga, the valuing perspective. Ketiga konsep yang menjadi pilar terapi feminis dan ditimbang dengan agama menjadi indikator penting dalam menentukan kemampuan konselor dalam membantu mendampingi korban KDRT.
Learnability and generalisation of Arabic broken plural nouns

The noun plural system in Modern Standard Arabic lies at a nexus of critical issues in morphological learnability. The suffixing “sound” plural competes with as many as 31 non-concatenative “broken” plural patterns. Our computational analysis of singular–plural pairs in the Corpus of Contemporary Arabic explores what types of linguistic information are statistically relevant to morphological generalisation for this highly complex system. We show that an analogical approach with the generalised context model is highly successful in predicting the plural form for any given singular form. This model proves to be robust to variation, as evidenced by its stability across 10 rounds of cross-validation. The predictive power is carried almost entirely by the CV template, a representation which specifies a segment's status as a consonant or vowel only, providing further support for the abstraction of prosodic templates in the Arabic morphological system as proposed by McCarthy and Prince.
Emotional and behavioral responses to haptic stimulation

A prototype of friction-based horizontally rotating fingertip stimulator was used to investigate emotional experiences and behavioral responses to haptic stimulation. The rotation style of 12 different stimuli was varied by burst length (i.e., 20, 50, 100 ms), continuity (i.e., continuous and discontinuous), and direction (e.g., forward and backward). Using these stimuli 528 stimulus pairs were presented to 12 subjects who were to distinguish if stimuli in each pair were the same or different. Then they rated the stimuli using four scales measuring the pleasantness, arousal, approachability, and dominance qualities of the 12 stimuli. The results showed that continuous forward-backward rotating stimuli were rated as significantly more unpleasant, arousing, avoidable, and dominating than other types of stimulations (e.g., discontinuous forward rotation). The reaction times to these stimuli were significantly faster than reaction times to discontinuous forward and backward rotating stimuli. The results clearly suggest that even simple haptic stimulation can carry emotional information. The results can be utilized when making use of haptics in human-technology interaction.
Treatment of keratosis pilaris with 810-nm diode laser: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common skin disorder of follicular prominence and erythema that typically affects the proximal extremities, can be disfiguring, and is often resistant to treatment. Shorter-wavelength vascular lasers have been used to reduce the associated erythema but not the textural irregularity. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the longer-wavelength 810-nm diode laser may be effective for treatment of KP, particularly the associated skin roughness/bumpiness and textural irregularity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We performed a split-body, rater-blinded, parallel-group, balanced (1:1), placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial at a dermatology outpatient practice of an urban academic medical center from March 1 to October 1, 2011. We included all patients diagnosed as having KP on both arms and Fitzpatrick skin types I through III. Of the 26 patients who underwent screening, 23 met our enrollment criteria. Of these, 18 patients completed the study, 3 were lost to or unavailable for follow-up, and 2 withdrew owing to inflammatory hyperpigmentation after the laser treatment. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive laser treatment on the right or left arm. Each patient received treatment with the 810-nm pulsed diode laser to the arm randomized to be the treatment site. Treatments were repeated twice, for a total of 3 treatment visits spaced 4 to 5 weeks apart. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was the difference in disease severity score, including redness and roughness/bumpiness, with each graded on a scale of 0 (least severe) to 3 (most severe), between the treated and control sites. Two blinded dermatologists rated the sites at 12 weeks after the initial visit. RESULTS At follow-up, the median redness score reported by the 2 blinded raters for the treatment and control sides was 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 1-2; P = .11). The median roughness/bumpiness score was 1.0 (IQR, 1-2) for the treatment sides and 2.0 (IQR, 1-2) for the control sides, a difference of 1 (P = .004). The median overall score combining erythema and roughness/bumpiness was 3.0 (IQR, 2-4) for the treatment sides and 4.0 (IQR, 3-5) for the control sides, a difference of 1 (P = .005). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Three treatments with the 810-nm diode laser may induce significant improvements in skin texture and roughness/bumpiness in KP patients with Fitzpatrick skin types I through III, but baseline erythema is not improved. Complete treatment of erythema and texture in KP may require diode laser treatment combined with other laser or medical modalities that address redness. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01281644.
Distant Ring Galaxies as Evidence for a Steeply Increasing Galaxy Interaction Rate with Redshift

Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) images of the Local Group dwarf galaxy Tucana reveal an unbiased sample of distant field galaxies. While a large number of these galaxies can be classified according to standard Hubble types, a significant number of these galaxies can be identified as “ring” galaxies, a morphology likely induced through galaxy collisions. We have identified seven ring galaxy candidates in our fields. Assuming that these galaxies lie between the redshifts of 0.1 and 1 and that there has been no evolution in the galaxy interaction rate, then the probability of finding a single ring galaxy in our field of view is less than 1%. Alternatively, if the galaxy interaction rate increases as (1 + z)4.5, which represents a high-end estimate of the dependence of the galaxy merger rate on redshift, the probability increases to ~10%. Thus, these observations provide support for a galaxy interaction rate that increases steeply at moderate redshift. We also suggest several additional factors that may play an important role in producing the relatively large number of ring galaxies we have detected.
Parallel hashing: an efficient implementation of shared memory

A central issue in the theory of parallel computation is the gap between the ideal models that utilize shared memory and the feasible models that consist of a bounded-degree network of processors sharing no common memory. This problem has been widely studied. Here a tight bound for the probabilistic complexity of this problem is established. The solution in this paper is based on a probabilistic scheme for implementing shared memory on a bounded-degree network of processors. This scheme, which we term parallel has/zing, enables n processors to store and retrieve an arbitrary set of n data items in O(logn) parallel steps. The items’ locations are specified by a function chosen randomly from a small class of universal hash functions. A hash function in this class has a small description and can therefore be efficiently distributed among the processors. A deterministic lower bound for the point-to-point communication model is also presented.
A measurement study on AS-aware P2P streaming strategies

This paper presents a measurement study of AS-aware P2P streaming solution over real-world Internet topology. By using the accesses of nodes of PlanetLab testbed, we create a detailed AS-level map including the end-to-end path of all nodes, as well as the relationship of all involved ASes. Based on this map, we evaluate AS-aware P2P streaming solutions with different goals, i.e., minimizing AS hops and maximizing AS revenue, as well as the random P2P streaming solution which has no AS-awareness built in. Our findings suggest that AS-awareness can help existing P2P solution to significantly decrease load on Internet, and improve upon the uneven financial distribution among ASs. By comparing the performance of AS-aware and random P2P solutions, we also point out the necessity to tradeoff between the goals of achieving fairness among peers and optimizing AS-related performance such as intra-AS traffic and financial fairness.
Time-optimal control for a class of hybrid

This paper presents an algorithm for the generation of a time-optimal control law for a speciic class of hybrid systems, namely integrator processes. The control law is generated directly from the hybrid model using the continuous specii-cation for the closed loop behavior. In general there is no unique time-optimal control. However, the vectors that give the time-optimal solution are most often uniquely determined and are obtained by solving a linear programming problem. Since there is no unique time-optimal control law in general, further restrictions in form of a sub-optimal switch strategy are introduced. The aim of the switch strategy is to minimize the number of switches used to reach the nal point. Further , using the sub-optimal switch strategy it is shown that it is possible to reach the nal point without violating the continuous speciication. The control of a simple tank process illustrates the algorithm.
Cell Recruitment and Cytokines in Skin Mice Sensitized with the Vaccine Adjuvants: Saponin, Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant, and Monophosphoryl Lipid A

Vaccine adjuvants are substances associated with antigens that are fundamental to the formation of an intense, durable, and fast immune response. In this context, the use of vaccine adjuvants to generate an effective cellular immune response is crucial for the design and development of vaccines against visceral leishmaniasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate innate inflammatory response induced by the vaccine adjuvants saponin (SAP), incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (IFA), and monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL). After a single dose of adjuvant was injected into the skin of mice, we analyzed inflammatory reaction, selective cell migration, and cytokine production at the injection site, and inflammatory cell influx in the peripheral blood. We found that all vaccine adjuvants were able to promote cell recruitment to the site without tissue damage. In addition, they induced selective migration of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. The influx of neutrophils was notable at 12 h in all groups, but at other time points it was most evident after inoculation with SAP. With regard to cytokines, the SAP led to production of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-4. IFA promoted production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-4, and IL-10. We also observed that MPL induced high production of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, in addition to IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10. In peripheral blood, values of certain cell populations in the local response changed after stimulation. Our data demonstrate that the three vaccine adjuvants stimulate the early events of innate immune response at the injection site, suggesting their ability to increase the immunogenicity of co-administered antigens. Moreover, this work provides relevant information about elements of innate and acquired immune response induced by vaccine adjuvants administered alone.
Fast Multipole Method for the Biharmonic Equation Nail

The evaluation of sums (matrix-vector products) of the solutions of the three-dimensional biharmonic equation can be accelerated using the fast multipole method, while memory requirements can also be significantly reduced. We develop a complete translation theory for these equations. It is shown that translations of elementary solutions of the biharmonic equation can be achieved by considering the translation of a pair of elementary solutions of the Laplace equations. The extension of the theory to the case of polyharmonic equations in R is also discussed. An efficient way of performing the FMM for biharmonic equations using the solution of a complex valued FMM for the Laplace equation is presented. Compared to previous methods presented for the biharmonic equation our method appears more efficient. The theory is implemented and numerical tests presented that demonstrate the performance of the method for varying problem sizes and accuracy requirements. In our implementation, the FMM for the biharmonic equation is faster than direct matrix vector product for a matrix size of 550 for a relative L2 accuracy 22 = 10−4, and N = 3550 for 22 = 10−12.
WebMetrics: A Tool for Improving Software Development

One of the biggest problems of software development is the management of software quality, both in terms of defects and easiness of maintenance. Software production and evolution is intangible. This nature has caused problems for software developers since there is no sense feedback. The obvious idea is for future development to learn from past experience: avoiding practices leading to poor software quality and emphasizing those increasing it. Static analysis is a way to provide feedback in software development. This paper presents WebMetrics, an extensible tool for static analysis based on software metrics
Projected Krylov Methods for Saddle-Point Systems

Projected Krylov methods are full-space formulations of Krylov methods that take place in a nullspace. Provided projections into the nullspace can be computed accurately, those methods only require products between an operator and vectors lying in the nullspace. We provide systematic principles for obtaining the projected form of any well-defined Krylov method. Projected Krylov methods are mathematically equivalent to constraint-preconditioned Krylov methods provided the initial guess is well chosen, but require less memory. As a consequence, there are situations where certain known methods such as MINRES and SYMMLQ are well defined in the presence of an indefinite preconditioner.