Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information seeking by female apparel consumers in South Africa during the fashion decision‐making process

Fashion information is sought during the fashion decision-making process and can be obtained from various sources such as magazines, fashion consultants, websites and store displays. Various levels and methods such as internal and external search for information are used to assist the consumer in making informed fashion decisions. The broad research aim of this study was to determine which methods, sources and economics of fashion information are sought and used by female educators in Vanderbijlpark (South Africa) during the fashion decision-making process, and to which extent. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Section A measured methods of information seeking, section B determined the economics of information search and section C investigated sources of fashion information. Demographic information was investigated in Section D. A random cluster sample of eight schools was chosen from the female educating staff of 22 schools. The biggest group of the educators (40.18%) was between the ages of 41 and 50, which according to a South African categorization represents baby boomers. Almost all (95.5%) had a higher education qualification obtained at a university and most (82.14%) were married. Regarding the methods of information seeking, the respondents depended on internal information seeking more than on external methods and were moderately involved in the process. Shopping in stores was regarded the most important source of fashion information. Cluster analysis revealed that four clusters of respondents could be distinguished, each with a specific disposition towards the methods and economics of search as well as sources used during the fashion decision-making process.
Using Description Logics in Relation Based Access Control

Relation Based Access Control (RelBAC) is an access control model designed for the new scenarios of access control onWeb 2.0. Under this model, we discuss in this paper how to formalize with Description Logics the typical authorization problems of access control together with the enforcement of an important security property: Separation of Duties (SoD) and some high level security policies about the composition of those subjects on which to separate the duties.
Maintenance metrics for the object oriented paradigm

Software metrics have been studied in the procedural paradigm as a quantitative means of assessing the software development process as well as the quality of software products. Several studies have validated that various metrics are useful indicators of maintenance effort in the procedural paradigm. However, software metrics have rarely been studied in the object oriented paradigm. Very few metrics have been proposed to measure object oriented systems, and the proposed ones have not been validated. This research concentrates on several object oriented software metrics and the validation of these metrics with maintenance effort in two commercial systems. <<ETX>>
A Functional Model for Acquisition of Vowel-like Phonemes and Spoken Words Based on Clustering Method

A new born baby can gradually acquire spoken words in the condition where he/she is merely exposed to many linguistic sounds. In this paper, we propose a functional model of such acquisition of spoken words, in which first, vowel-like phonemes are automatically acquired and then the words are acquired using the words represented by these quasi-vowels. This model was applied to command words used for a robot. We implemented this model into a new clustering algorithm for word HMMs. Using this model, the acquisition of spoken words was performed with reasonably high recognition score even though a few phonemes were used. Then the proposed model was shown to represent the early stage of human process of spoken
A Survey on Forwarding Game Theory in Mobile Ad hoc Network

Game theory is mainly used to study security problems in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Only two players: an attacker and defender is considered in security game model in existing works on game theory approaches for security purposes. In MANETs, the assumption is not efficient because of absence of centralized administration. In proposed system, using advances in mean field game theory, we will propose a novel game theory called Forwarding Game theory for multiple players to enhance security in MANETs. The mean field game theory gives a efficacious mathematical tool for security enhancement in MANETs. The proposed scheme will enable an individual node to make strategic security defense decision in MANETs without centralized administration. The proposed scheme merely needs to know its own state of information and the total effect of other nodes in MANET. At the same time System resources are also considered with security. So that system resources will be conserved. Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing (AODV) protocol is used for routing on demand. and Neighbor discovery protocol(NDP) is used for neighbor node discovery. Keywords— Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), Game theory, NDP(Neighbour discovery Protocol), AODV(Ad hoc on demand distance vector) protocol
Performance of Snort on DARPA Dataset and different False Alert Reduction techniques

Security is main goal of Internet community these days and endless techniques and tools have arrived to tackle with the security threats over the network. Snort is one of these techniques, which is a kind of Network Intrusion Detection System. Snort is a programming tool that allows user to write their own detection rules for any kind of attack. DARPA dataset is the one dataset used by the IDS researchers. In this paper, we study Snort, different attacks in DARPA dataset, analyze the DARPA 2000 dataset for its various phases with snort and the efficiency with which snort manages these attacks. The paper focuses on one of the main flaw of Snort i.e. huge number of false positives and different types of methods that have been proposed by the researchers to reduce these false alerts generated by Snort.
The Modeling of Optimization and Decline Transportation Costs in Supply Chain System

This paper presents a new model and solution for multi-objective vehicle routing problem (VRP). This paper, using goal programming with specific constraints and this model solve with genetic algorithm, that in which decision maker specifies optimistic aspiration levels to the objectives and deviations from those aspirations are minimized. The proposed algorithms have been successfully implemented and deployed for the real life problems in National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company. The objective is to minimize the distance in each travel and minimize the number of vehicle without being tardy or exceeding the capacity or travel time of the vehicles. In this paper we describe goal programming, a genetic algorithm heuristic for solving the VRP. The synergy between goal programming and genetic algorithm lead to a best solution for VRP. The VRP plays a central role in the fields of physical distribution and logistics. There exist a wide variety of VRPs and a broad literature on this class of problems. The purpose of this paper is to minimize distance between pair of node and reduce the number of vehicle for each route.
The relevance of language for social psychology

predicates. In contrast, unexpected or surprising behaviour will be described in concrete terms. The opposite predictions are derivable from a motivational perspective. One possible implication of Tajfel and Turner's (1979) social identity theory is that LIB reflects an in-group protective motivation. This perspective, in contrast to the differential expectancy model suggests that irrespective of expectancies LIB will occur as a function of the valence of the behaviors in question. Indeed, Maass, Milesi, Zabbini and Stahlberg (1994) in a series of three experiments find support for the expectancy hypothesis rather than the in-group protective motivation notion. However, more recently, Maass and Stahlberg (1993) have reported that under conditions where intergroup competition is high and salient one finds that the Linguistic Intergroup Bias is more pronounced than the differential expectancies condition. Taken together Maass and Stahlberg (1993) suggest that differential expectations are sufficient to produce the Linguistic Intergroup Bias. However, under heightened intergroup competition conditions the in-group-protective motivation increases this effect. They could show that there is a correlation between the
China's Development and Model Thinking

If one searches for entries which start with the word ‘model’ in indices of works on contemporary Chinese society, politics and history, one is likely either to look in vain or at best reap a meagre harvest. The index site is likely to be completely dominated by another entry, namely ‘modernisation’. This illustrates well that issues that have to do with modelling are not likely to be discussed in the context of modernisation and vice versa, except when the models in case are various schemes related to development studies. This article is concerned with models in a different sense. It explores how Chinese thinking itself to a great extent has been developed through the use of models and that this tradition has continued until the present day. The article first comments briefly upon the standard schemes of development models. It then outlines the basic constituents of traditional Chinese model thinking, and proceeds to discuss the relevance of this type of thinking for China’s modern development. The article concludes that model thinking is very much alive in China today, even if significant changes are taking place. Throughout the article, Chinese and Western modes of knowledge production are compared. 1
Statin administration and risk of cholecystectomy: a population-based case-control study

Background: Gallstone disease is common in Western countries. Statins reduce biliary cholesterol secretion and have anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting that they may play a role in reducing the incidence of surgically treated gallstone disease. Aim: To examine a potential association between statin administration and risk of cholecystectomy. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study of surgically treated gallstone disease using the database of Clalit Health Services (CHS). The study population consisted of all individuals age 40 – 85 enrolled with the central region of CHS during the period 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2006. We identified patients who underwent cholecystectomy between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2006 (n = 1465). Controls (n = 5860) were individually matched on year of birth and sex in a 4:1 ratio. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models to compute the odds ratio of cholecystectomy associated with statin therapy were constructed to control for patients' clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Results: Statin use with at least 80% adherence to treatment was associated with about 30% reduction in the risk of cholecystectomy (adjusted odds ratio 0.69; 95% CI 0.57 – 0.84). Conclusion: The results of our large population-based study suggest that the use of statins reduces the risk of surgery for gallstone disease.
Exploring the Content of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Parents after Paediatric Stem Cell Transplant

In the present study the aim was to explore the content in a trauma reported in a self-report questionnaire by parents of children with a life threatening illness. Semi-structured interviews were performed, with the aim to explore the specific cognitive and behavioral content of the trauma related symptoms reported by the individual informant. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed with content analysis using a direct approach with a-priori categories according to the B and C categories of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for PTSD. The results give us the picture of a complex situation, where the self-report instrument PCL captured a spectrum of qualitatively different cognitions. The parents described traumatic thoughts and images relating not only to experiences in the past (i.e., truly post-traumatic), but also to current stressors and expected future events.
An Effective Framework for Delay Control in Hard Real-Time Switched Networks

With the development of Ethernet technology, Full Duplex Switched Ethernet shows great potential in hard real-time applications since its low cost and high bandwidth. In general, traditional Ethernet cannot provide deterministic service required for hard real-time applications. In this paper, we address a framework, which uses traffic shaper and SCED scheduling policy, to provide deterministic service in Full Duplex Switched Ethernet. Our analytical study shows that this framework can satisfy end-to-end delay requirement of the data flows. We also show that this framework can effectively allocate MUX resource and make adjusting the path of data flow easier.
Non-destructive testing modeling with finite element method (problem 8)

Problem 8 of the team workshop addresses the computational necessities involved with non-destructive testing. A differential probe moves above a metallic solid with a crack. We present in this article the methods used to solve this type of problem with the finite element methods developed within the FLUX software. To take into account the motion, the first technique used is the remeshing method and the second one is the sliding mesh method. These two methods are used with a surface crack and non meshed coils. The computed results have been compared with EDF measurements.
Direct and indirect effects of attachment orientation on relationship quality and loneliness in married couples

This study tested the prediction that spouses’ insecure attachment orientation would be negatively associated with relationship quality. It was further predicted that there would be indirect effects of attachment orientation on spouses’ relationship quality through interpersonal trust as well as indirect effects of attachment orientation on loneliness through spouses’ relationship quality. Predictions were tested on 225 married couples that completed measures of attachment orientation, personal commitment, dedication commitment, interpersonal trust, loneliness, and marital satisfaction. Tests of actor–partner interdependence revealed that insecure attachment (i.e., anxious and avoidant) was associated with lower relationship quality and that one partner’s insecure attachment was associated with his/her spouse’s report of lower relationship quality. Actor–partner mediator models revealed that interpersonal trust mediated the relationship between attachment orientation and relationship quality; insecure attachment was associated with lower levels of interpersonal trust and, in turn, lower relationship quality, both individually and dyadically. Similarly, relationship quality mediated the relationship between attachment orientation and loneliness; insecure attachment was associated with lower relationship quality and, in turn, higher levels of loneliness both individually and dyadically.
A Cost-Effectiveness Model of Screening Strategies for Amblyopia and Risk Factors and Its Application in a German Setting

Purpose. To develop a general setting–independent decision-analytical model that determines the costs, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of four screening strategies to detect amblyopia or amblyogenic factors in pre-school children and to apply the model in a German setting. Methods. The general setting–independent decision–analytical model was developed from the perspective of society and the statutory health insurance was developed. Outcomes were the total number of newly detected true positive cases of amblyopia and the costs per newly detected true positive case of amblyopia. Strategies were screening of high-risk children up to the age of 1 year (ophthalmologists), screening of all children up to the age of 1 year (ophthalmologists), screening of all children aged 3 to 4 years (pediatricians or general practitioners), and screening of children aged 3 to 4 years visiting kindergarten (orthoptists). For the application example in a German setting, data from the published medical literature were used. Results. In the base-case analysis of the application example, screening high-risk children by opthalmologists had the lowest average cost per case detected but became dominated (less effective and more costly than an alternative) if a low (5.3%) probability of familial clustering of strabismus was assumed. Considering the various assumptions tested in the sensitivity analysis, screening of all children up to the age of 1 year by opthalmologists was the only strategy not dominated by others. Detection rates, including cases detected before screening, were between 72% and 78% for the strategies that screen for all children. Conclusions. The model suggests that in Germany, both from a cost-effectiveness and a pure effectiveness point of view, screening all children up to the age of 1 year by opthalmologists is the preferred strategy to detect amblyopia or amblyogenic factors. All strategies left a significant portion of children undetected.
Interspecies Translation of Disease Networks Increases Robustness and Predictive Accuracy

Gene regulatory networks give important insights into the mechanisms underlying physiology and pathophysiology. The derivation of gene regulatory networks from high-throughput expression data via machine learning strategies is problematic as the reliability of these models is often compromised by limited and highly variable samples, heterogeneity in transcript isoforms, noise, and other artifacts. Here, we develop a novel algorithm, dubbed Dandelion, in which we construct and train intraspecies Bayesian networks that are translated and assessed on independent test sets from other species in a reiterative procedure. The interspecies disease networks are subjected to multi-layers of analysis and evaluation, leading to the identification of the most consistent relationships within the network structure. In this study, we demonstrate the performance of our algorithms on datasets from animal models of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) and patient materials. We show that the interspecies network of genes coding for the proteasome provide highly accurate predictions on gene expression levels and disease phenotype. Moreover, the cross-species translation increases the stability and robustness of these networks. Unlike existing modeling approaches, our algorithms do not require assumptions on notoriously difficult one-to-one mapping of protein orthologues or alternative transcripts and can deal with missing data. We show that the identified key components of the OPMD disease network can be confirmed in an unseen and independent disease model. This study presents a state-of-the-art strategy in constructing interspecies disease networks that provide crucial information on regulatory relationships among genes, leading to better understanding of the disease molecular mechanisms.
Improving Hierarchical SVMs by Hierarchy Flattening and Lazy Classification

Hierarchical SVMs are well-known for their superior performance on text classification problems. They are especially useful on largescale problems where training flat multi-class SVMs is often resourceprohibitive. However, Hierarchical SVMs suffer from compounding of errors with each hierarchy level which may negatively impact their classification performance. We propose k-level hierarchy flattening as a simple pre-training step that limits the compounding of errors, while retaining the computational benefits of Hierarchical SVMs. The results of experiments performed on LSHTC challenge datasets show that this simple step improved the classification accuracies and Macro-F1 scores achieved by Hierarchical SVMs by up to 11% and 13% respectively. We also propose a novel two-phased lazy classification scheme that first uses Hierarchical SVMs to select a subset of candidate classes for each test instance, and then trains a separate flat classifier for each subset. The new subset classifiers are then used to make the final predictions. Our experiments indicate that this scheme is particularly effective in improving the Macro-F1 scores.
On the Shortcomings of Shortened Tests: A Literature Review

To efficiently assess multiple psychological constructs and to minimize the burden on respondents, psychologists increasingly use shortened versions of existing tests. However, compared to the longer test, a shorter test version may have a substantial impact on the reliability and the validity of the test scores in psychological research and individual decision making. In this study, we reviewed the psychological literature for recent trends in the use of short tests and examined in depth how and to what extent test constructors and test users addressed the impact on reliability and validity, other potential consequences of using short tests. The sample consisted of shortened tests found in six peer-reviewed psychological journals in the period 2005–2010. Based on our review, we provided recommendations for psychologists considering test shortening.
Why do individuals respond to fraudulent scam communications and lose money? The psychological determinants of scam compliance

Why do so many people all over the world, so often, react to completely worthless scam offers? In two questionnaire studies, one of which included the distribution of an experimentally manipulated simulated scam, we investigated differences between respondents who did and did not report past compliance with scams. We found that the principal differences were in their response to very high-value incentives, in the extent to which they reacted with positive emotions to the thought of winning a large prize, in their reliance on signs of official authority, and in their self-confidence. The first two of these can be regarded as forms of visceral processing. Some of these differences suggested a dispositional difference between victims and non-victims.
The hierarchical structure of images

Using a Gaussian scale space, one can use the extra dimension, viz. scale, for investigation of "built-in" properties of the image in scale space. We show that one of such induced properties is the nesting of special iso-intensity manifolds, which yield an implicitly present hierarchy of the critical points and regions of their influence, in the original image. Its very nature allows one not only to segment the original image automatically, but also to apply "logical filters" to it, obtaining simplified images. We give an algorithm deriving this hierarchy and show its effectiveness on two different kinds of images, both with respect to segmentation and simplification.
Factors Affecting The Adoption Of Mobile Banking Services

This paper focuses on defining the factors influencing mobile banking adoption and aims at forming a model describing consumer behaviour patterns. Thus it also evaluates the applicability of Rogers' (1995) model in this context. In consequence we are able to state what are the drivers and inhibitors of using banking services via wireless delivery channel. A quantitative survey sheds more light on this researched issue. The data was collected in Finland during May-July 2002 and includes 1253 survey responses.