Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unaccompanied Hospitalized Children

Purpose: To explore the experiences and feelings of pediatric nurses who care for hospitalized children that are unaccompanied by their parents. Design and Methods: This phenomenological study consisted of interviews with 12 pediatric nurses. Verbatim transcriptions were reviewed with participants and analyzed. Findings: Pediatric nurses viewed the circumstances of unaccompanied hospitalized children through the perspective of their own life-worlds. They used both cognitive and emotional constructs to describe the phenomenon. Nurses’ perceptions were affected by day-to-day contingencies of their life worlds which come through the four dimensions of space, mind/body, time, and relationships. These perceptions affected their assessment of parents’ situated contexts. Nurses’ assessments could lead to negative judgments of parents because they worried about ill effects on the unaccompanied children. Meanwhile,nurses often perceived that parents demonstrated trust when they relegated their child’s care to them. Conclusions: Pediatric nurses dealt with increased emotional work while remaining compassionate with their patients. Nurses indicated that they needed to understand their own life-worlds andthatparents’ day-to-day contingenciesmay affect parents’ ability to remain with their hospitalized children. Participants were aware of judgmental attitudes which could interfere with the development of therapeutic relationships with parents, and therefore, with hospitalized children.
HIPR: An Architecture for Iterative Plan Repair in Hierarchical Multi-agent Systems

In large scale multi-agent systems, both planning for system goals and replanning during plan execution to handle failures are compute-intensive. Since replanning requires faster response time because it happens during plan execution, a lot of focus in the AI planning literature has been on incremental methods, such as plan repair, plan modification etc., which avoid re-synthesizing a complete plan. In this paper, we propose HIPR an architecture and supporting algorithms for fast replanning in multi-agent systems with two fairly general characteristics: (1) where the agents are organized hierarchically based on attributes like location/administration and (2) where most failures are localized i.e. only a few agents are affected by the failure while most of the agents at large remain unaffected. HIPR exploits these characteristics to identify the smallest group of agents that are affected by the failure and to synthesize new plan fragments for only these agents. The localization to smaller number of agents generates smaller replanning problems and hence more efficient solutions. We illustrate application of HIPR on a small, yet realistic route planning use case.
5.7 A 29nW bandgap reference circuit

Bandgap references (BGRs) are widely used to generate a temperature-insensitive reference voltage determined by the silicon bandgap. the BGR generally utilizes PN diodes to generate both of proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) and complementary-to-absolute-temperature (CTAT) quantities and combines them to eliminate the temperature dependency. Though the BGR provides a robust voltage or current reference with insensitivity to process, voltage and temperature variations that is superior to CMOS-only reference circuits, it has received little attention in ultra-low-power (ULP) sensor applications. While CMOS-only reference circuits have recently demonstrated nanowatt power consumption, BGR approaches still have two critical factors to preventing nanowatt consumption. One is that PTAT generation assumes sufficient forward bias, VD, of the PN junction to allow eVD/(n·VT) to be much larger than 1 in the temperature range of interest, where n and VT (=kT/q) represent the ideality factor and the thermal voltage, respectively. In addition, the PTAT generation requires a start-up circuit to prevent the circuit from resting at the undesirable zero-bias condition. Since the start-up circuit utilizes a resistive voltage division between power rails, it consumes non-zero DC current, which must be larger than leakage current in order to ensure stable start-up operation. These two requirements for PTAT generation limit the use of BGRs in nanowatt ULP applications.
Modeling Hierarchically Clustered Longitudinal Survival Processes with Applications to Child Mortality and Maternal Health

This paper merges two parallel developments since the 1970s of new statistical tools for data analysis: statistical methods known as hazard models that are used for analyzing event-duration data and statistical methods for analyzing hierarchically clustered data known as multilevel models. These developments have rarely been integrated in research practice and the formalization and estimation of models for hierarchically clustered survival data remain largely uncharted. I attempt to fill some of this gap and demonstrate the merits of formulating and estimating multilevel hazard models with longitudinal data.
Crisis Management Using Centrality Measurement in Social Networks

Increasing use of IP enabled smart gadgets, rapidly increasing the formation of cyber centric social networks. Any human discussion reflects its emotions and ego centric thoughts among the masses which results the formation of pro and anti-groups. Identification of various categories of groups and communities in social network is very important to eliminate the chances of human created crisis. This paper predicts the migration of individuals from one community to other community and the person who bridges the two communities. The prediction of social networks is carried out by mapping various epidemic models on human created social network. The centrality measurement detects the bridging element between two communities.
Flexibility contra Stiffness: The Phragmoplast as a Physical Barrier for Beads But Not for Vesicles[OA]

In plant cells, Golgi vesicles are transported to the division plane to fuse with each other, forming the cell plate, the initial membrane-bordered cell wall separating daughter cells. Vesicles, but not organelles, move through the phragmoplast, which consists of two opposing cylinders of microtubules and actin filaments, interlaced with endoplasmic reticulum membrane. To study physical aspects of this transport/inhibition process, we microinjected fluorescent synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-1-glycerol (DOPG) vesicles and polystyrene beads into Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells. The phragmoplast was nonselective for DOPG vesicles of a size up to 150 nm in diameter but was a physical barrier for polystyrene beads having a diameter of 20 and 40 nm and also when beads were coated with the same DOPG membrane. We conclude that stiffness is a parameter for vesicle transit through the phragmoplast and discuss that cytoskeleton configurations can physically block such transit.
The Radiative, Cloud, and Thermodynamic Properties of the Major Tropical Western Pacific Cloud Regimes

This study investigates the radiative, cloud, and thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere separated into objectively defined cloud regimes in the tropical western Pacific (TWP). A cluster analysis is applied to 2 yr of daytime-only data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) to identify four major cloud regimes in the TWP region. A variety of data collected at the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site on Manus Island is then used to identify the main characteristics of the regimes. Those include surface and top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes and cloud properties derived from a suite of ground-based active remote sensors, as well as the temperature and water vapor distribution measured from radiosondes. The major cloud regimes identified in the TWP area are two suppressed regimes—one dominated by the occurrence of mostly shallow clouds, the other by thin cirrus—as well as two convectively active regimes— one exhibiting a large coverage of optically thin cirrus clouds, the other characterized by a large coverage with optically thick clouds. All four of these TWP cloud regimes are shown to exist with varying frequency of occurrence at the ARM site at Manus. It is further shown that the detailed data available at that site can be used to characterize the radiative, cloud, and thermodynamic properties of each of the regimes, demonstrating the potential of the regime separation to facilitate the extrapolation of observations at one location to larger scales. A variety of other potential applications of the regime separation are discussed.
Influence of Nursing Faculty Discussion Presence on Student Learning and Satisfaction in Online Courses

This study determined the relationships between faculty participation in online discussions with student satisfaction and perceived learning in online RN-BSN and MSN courses. Analysis of faculty participation in online courses (n = 280) demonstrated a relationship between faculty participation and student satisfaction and perceived learning. The results of this study offer guidance on the minimal faculty participation necessary in online discussions in nursing courses.
Synthetic CDO pricing: the perspective of risk integration

The underlying asset pool of collateral debt obligations (CDOs) simultaneously encompasses credit risk and market risk. However, the standard CDO pricing model not only underestimates the risk to the asset pool due to a poor description of the correlation structure among obligors but is also incapable of reflecting the impacts of interdependent markets, credit risks and systematic sudden shocks on the asset pool. This paper studies the joint impact of interrelated market and credit risk factors on the key inputs of CDO pricing (default probability, default correlation and default loss rate) under the framework of factor copula CDO pricing model and constructs a risk-integrated model for CDO pricing. In addition, we extend the static integrated model to a dynamic version by allowing the risk factors driven by the copula-GARCH process. The simulation results show that, compared with an integrated model, the premium of senior tranches is significantly lower under the standard model. Such difference is mainly due to different assumptions of the distributions of risk-driving factor.
Trends in top income shares in Finland

This paper provides new evidence about the evolution of top incomes in Finland over the period 1966 - 2002. Using micro data we construct estimates of shares of top income groups. The paper shows how the proportion of income earned by the very richest one per cent has changed over time. It shows a U-shaped pattern over this period. The total share of the highest earners fell consistently between the mid 1960s and the beginning of the 1990s but then began to rise. The results bring out clearly how the major equalization from the mid 1960s to the mid 1990s has been reversed, taking the shares of top income groups back to levels of inequality or even higher found 40 years ago. The main factor that has driven up the top one per cent income share in Finland after the mid 1990s is in an unprecedented increase in the fraction of capital income which is in 2002 52 per cent of incomes in the top one per cent group. Therefore the composition of high incomes at the end of period considered is very different from those earlier years of this period. We argue in this paper that the 1993 tax reform is one of the key factors responsible for this trend. Our results suggest that the decline in income progressivity since the mid 1990s is a central factor explaining the increase of top income shares in Finland.
Electromagnetic tomography via source-space-ICA

We propose a technique, called source-space-ICA to provide spatiotemporal reconstruction of brain sources. First, the weight-vector-normalized minimum variance beamformer is applied to reconstruct the electrical activity of a 3D scanning grid which covers the whole brain. Second, principal component analysis is used to reduce the dimension of the reconstructed signal matrix of the source-space, then independent component analysis (ICA) is applied on the resulting matrix to identify multiple signal sources in the source-space. Third, the demixing weight vectors obtained by ICA for the identified independent components are projected back into the SS to obtain tomographic maps of the sources. Besides localization, the proposed source-space-ICA approach reconstructs the time-course of each source in a single time-series without requiring prior knowledge of location, orientation, and number of sources for a given segment of EEG/MEG. Simulated EEG was used to evaluate the source-space-ICA. The results show that the source-space-ICA approach is able to separate and localize multiple weak sources and is robust to interference from other sources as it identifies the sources based on their statistical independence.
Characterization of T Antigens, Including Middle T and Alternative T, Expressed by the Human Polyomavirus Associated with Trichodysplasia Spinulosa

ABSTRACT The polyomavirus tumor (T) antigens play crucial roles in viral replication, transcription, and cellular transformation. They are encoded by partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) located in the early region through alternative mRNA splicing. The T expression pattern of the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) has not been established yet, hampering further study of its pathogenic mechanisms and taxonomic relationship. Here, we characterized TSPyV T antigen expression in human cell lines transfected with the TSPyV early region. Sequencing of T antigen-encoded reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) products revealed three splice donor and acceptor sites creating six mRNA splice products that potentially encode the antigens small T (ST), middle T (MT), large T (LT), tiny T, 21kT, and alternative T (ALTO). Except for 21kT, these splice products were also detected in skin of TSPyV-infected patients. At least three splice products were confirmed by Northern blotting, likely encoding LT, MT, ST, 21kT, and ALTO. Protein expression was demonstrated for LT, ALTO, and possibly MT, with LT detected in the nucleus and ALTO in the cytoplasm of transfected cells. Splice site and start codon mutations indicated that ALTO is encoded by the same splice product that encodes LT and uses internal start codons for initiation. The genuineness of ALTO was indicated by the identification of acetylated N-terminal ALTO peptides by mass spectrometry. Summarizing, TSPyV exhibits an expression pattern characterized by both MT and ALTO expression, combining features of rodent and human polyomaviruses. This unique expression pattern provides important leads for further study of polyomavirus-related disease and for an understanding of polyomavirus evolution. IMPORTANCE The human trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSPyV) is distinguished among polyomaviruses for combining productive infection with cell-transforming properties. In the research presented here, we further substantiate this unique position by indicating expression of both middle T antigen (MT) and alternative T antigen (ALTO) in TSPyV. So far, none of the human polyomaviruses was shown to express MT, which is considered the most important viral oncoprotein of rodent polyomaviruses. Coexpression of ALTO and MT, which involves a conserved, recently recognized overlapping ORF subject to positive selection, has not been observed before for any polyomavirus. As a result of our findings, this study provides valuable new insights into polyomavirus T gene use and expression. Obviously, these insights will be instrumental in further study and gaining an understanding of TSPyV pathogenicity. More importantly, however, they provide important leads with regard to the interrelationship, functionality, and evolution of polyomaviruses as a whole, indicating that TSPyV is a suitable model virus to study these entities further.
A threshold-based similarity measure for duplicate detection

In order to extract beneficial information and recognize a particular pattern from huge data stored in different databases with different formats, data integration is essential. However the problem that arises here is that data integration may lead to duplication. In other words, due to the availability of data in different formats, there might be some records which refer to the same entity. Duplicate detection or record linkage is a technique which is used to detect and match duplicate records which are generated in data integration process. Most approaches concentrated on string similarity measures for comparing records. However, they fail to identify records which share the semantic information. So, in this study, a threshold-based method which takes into account both string and semantic similarity measures for comparing record pairs. This method is experimented on a real world dataset, namely Restaurant and its effectiveness is measured based on several standard evaluation metrics. As experimental results indicate, the proposed similarity method which is based on the combination of string and semantic similarity measures outperforms the individual similarity measures with the F-measure of 99.1% in Restaurant dataset. Therefore, based on experimental results, besides string similarity, semantic similarity should be considered in order to detect duplicate records more effectively.
Input choices and rate-of-return regulation : an overview of the discussion

This article reviews the substance of the literature stemming from the Averch-Johnson model of the firm under rate-of-return regulation. It examines a number of propositions, among them the following: (1) The profit-maximizing firm under rate-of-return regulation will tend to use a capital-labor ratio greater than that which minimizes cost for its output level; (2) The profit-maximizing firm under regulatory constraint will use a capital-labor ratio and produce an output greater than it would in the absence of regulation; (3) The closer the "fair rate of return" is to the true cost of capital, the greater the quantity of capital the firm will want to use; and (4) The sales (total revenue)-maximizing firm under regulatory constraint will use a labor-capital ratio greater than it would when unconstrained. The second of these propositions, which has been widely taken to have been proved by Averch and Johnson, is shown to be false. The paradoxical assertion in the third proposition is explained and its regulatory implications discussed. Two models involving regulatory lag are described along with their implications for policy. Finally, some evaluative comments are offered on the entire issue of what has come to be known as the "A-J effect" and its importance in regulatory economics.
Sequencing in public policy: the evolution of the CAP over a decade

This article sets out to bring the concept of reactive sequencing into policy studies and demonstrate its value in the analysis of policy reform. Reactive sequencing is based on the notion that early events in a sequence set in motion a chain of causally linked reactions and counter-reactions which trigger subsequent development. Since responses to earlier events may come in the form of counter-reactions, reactive sequences do not necessarily induce further movements in the same direction but remain open to a change of direction. Therefore, the approach is well suited to analyse substantial policy change over time. The analysis of agricultural reform in the European Union from 1992 to 2003 demonstrates that this approach to sequencing is useful. The MacSharry reform of 1992 set in motion a sequence of reactive reform events which resulted in the Fischler reform of 2003. Each reform event opened new opportunities for further reform.
Career Plans and Expectations of Young Women and Men: the Earnings Gap and Labor Force Participation

Using detailed information on the career plans and earnings expectations of college business school seniors, we test the hypothesis that women who plan to work intermittently choose jobs with lower rewards to work experience in return for lower penalties for labor force interruptions. We find that while men and women expect similar starting salaries, women anticipate considerably lower earnings in subsequent years, even under the assumption of continuous employment after leaving school. While it is also true that women in the sample plan to work fewer years than men, these differences do not explain the observed gender differences in expected earnings profiles. We also find no evidence that gender differences in expected earnings have any effect on the number of years these women plan to be in the labor market.
Framing Effects in an Employee Savings Scheme: A Non-Parametric Analysis

Studies have found evidence that seemingly irrelevant details of an income component such as its label have an effect on how it is used. Using a data set with more than one million employee-month observations, we investigate the role of functional form assumptions and time aggregation in the analysis of these effects. In most cases we find evidence that marginal propensities to save differ across income components. Our analysis reveals a large degree of heterogeneity in savings behavior within the year.
Evidence from Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Participation of Radical Intermediates in the Reaction Catalyzed by Methylmalonyl-coenzyme A Mutase (*)

Recombinant methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) mutase from Propionibacterium shermanii has been purified 20-fold to near homogeneity in a highly active form. Neither the apoenzyme (the form in which the enzyme is isolated) nor the holoenzyme (reconstituted with the cofactor, adenosylcobalamin) has an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum associated with it. However, the addition of either the substrate, methylmalonyl-CoA, or the product, succinyl-CoA, results in the appearance of a transient EPR signal. The signal has hyperfine features that indicate coupling of the unpaired electron to the cobalt nucleus. In the presence of [CD3]methylmalonyl-CoA, an EPR signal is also seen and is similar to that obtained in the presence of protiated substrate. Power saturation studies reveal the presence of two components, a slow relaxing species (with an apparent g value of 2.11) and a fast relaxing species (with an apparent g value of 2.14) that can be partially resolved at low temperature and high power. The EPR-active intermediate is observed under catalytic conditions and is approximately midway in its resonance position between a free radical and cob(II)alamin. It is postulated to represent an exchange-coupled cob(II)alaminfree radical pair. The signal bears close resemblance to those observed with partially dehydrated polycrystalline adenosylcobalamin following laser photolysis (Ghanekar, V. D., Lin, R. J., Coffman, R. E., and Blakley, R. L. (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 101, 215-221) and with the adenosylcobalamin-dependent ribonucleotide reductase under freeze-quench conditions (Orme-Johnson, W. H., Beinert, H., and Blakley, R. L. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2338-2343). When cob(II)alamin is generated under noncatalytic conditions (i.e. in the presence of propionyl-CoA or by electrochemical reduction of enzyme-bound hydroxocob(III)alamin), a different EPR signal is observed with g= 2.26 and g= 2.00, typical of base-on cob(II)alamin.