Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Duper

Three animals born to homozygous tau mutant (τss, “super short”) Syrian hamsters showed extremely short free-running periods of locomotor activity (τDD of approximately 17.8 hours). Inbreeding produced 33 such “super duper” animals, which had a τDD of 18.09 ± 0.05 hours, which was shorter than that of τss hamsters (20.66 ± 0.07 hours, p < 0.001). To test the hypothesis that a gene (Duper) is responsible for a 2-hour shortening of τDD, we backcrossed super duper hamsters to unrelated τss animals. The F1 pups uniformly had a τDD similar to that of τss hamsters (19.89 ± 0.15 hours), but F2 animals showed a 1:1 ratio of the 18- to 20-hour phenotypes. In contrast, the F1 of a cross between super duper hamsters and τss animals presumed heterozygous for duper showed a 1:1 ratio of 18- to 20-hour phenotypes, and inbreeding of the super duper F1 offspring uniformly produced F2 pups with extremely short τDD (17.86 ± 0.5 hours). We isolated the duper mutation on a wild-type background through crossing of super duper with wild-type animals. Restriction digests identified short-period F2 pups that lack the mutant CK1ε allele, and these animals had a mean τDD of 23.11 ± 0.04 hours. τDD of duper hamsters born and raised in DD was significantly shorter than in hamsters raised in 14L:10D (21.92 ± 0.12 hours, p < 0.0001). τDD shortened twice as much in τs and τss hamsters than in wild-type animals that were homozygous for duper, indicating the presence of epistatic interactions. Assortment of phenotypes in the F2 generation fit the expected distribution for expression of duper as recessive (χ2 = 6.41, p > 0.1). Neither CK1ε nor CK1δ coding region base sequences differed between super duper and τss hamsters. The growth rate of super duper mutants is similar to that of τss animals but slightly but significantly reduced at particular postweaning time points. We conclude that duper represents a new mutation that substantially reduces τDD and has significant effects on physiology and metabolism.
IBC-C: A Dataset for Armed Conflict Analysis

We describe the Iraq Body Count Corpus (IBC-C) dataset, the ﬁrst substantial armed conﬂict-related dataset which can be used for conﬂict analysis. IBC-C provides a ground-truth dataset for con-ﬂict speciﬁc named entity recognition, slot ﬁlling, and event de-duplication. IBC-C is constructed using data collected by the Iraq Body Count project which has been recording incidents from the ongoing war in Iraq since 2003. We describe the dataset’s creation, how it can be used for the above three tasks and provide initial baseline results for the ﬁrst task (named entity recognition) using Hidden Markov Models, Conditional Random Fields, and Recursive Neural Networks.
Mechanisms of Skill Acquisition and the Law of Practice

Practice, and the performance improvement that it engenders, has long been a major topic in psychology. In this paper, both experimental and theoretical approaches are employed in an investigation of the mechanisms underlying this improvement. On the experimental side, it is argued that a single law, the power of law of practice, adequately describes all of the practice data. On the theoretical side, a model of practice rooted in modern cognitive psychology, the chunking theory of learning, is formulated. The paper consists of (1) the presentation of a set of empirical practice curves; (2) mathematical investigations into the nature of power law functions; (3) evaluations of the ability of three different classes of functions to adequately model the empirical curves; (4) a discussion of the existing models of practice; (5) a presentation of the chunking theory of learning
Proxy Cache Algorithms: Design, Implementation, and Performance

Caching at proxy servers is one of the ways to reduce the response time perceived by World Wide Web users. Cache replacement algorithms play a central role in the response time reduction by selecting a subset of documents for caching, so that a given performance metric is maximized. At the same time, the cache must take extra steps to guarantee some form of consistency of the cached documents. Cache consistency algorithms enforce appropriate guarantees about the staleness of the cached documents. We describe a unified cache maintenance algorithm, LNC-R-WS-U, which integrates both cache replacement and consistency algorithms. The LNC-R-WS-U algorithm evicts documents from the cache based on the delay to fetch each document into the cache. Consequently, the documents that took a long time to fetch are preferentially kept in the cache. The LNC-R-W3-U algorithm also considers in the eviction consideration the validation rate of each document, as provided by the cache consistency component of LNC-R-WS-U. Consequently, documents that are infrequently updated and thus seldom require validations are preferentially retained in the cache. We describe the implementation of LNC-R-W3-U and its integration with the Apache 1.2. 6 code base. Finally, we present a trace-driven experimental study of LNC-R-W3-U performance and its comparison with other previously published algorithms for cache maintenance.
Introduction to generalized symbolic trajectory evaluation

Symbolic trajectory evaluation (STE) is a lattice-based model checking technology based on a form of symbolic simulation. It offers an alternative to 'classical' symbolic model checking that, within its domain of applicability, often is much easier to use and much less sensitive to state explosion. The limitation of STE, however, is that it can only express and verify properties over finite time intervals. In this paper, we present a generalized STE (GSTE) that extends STE style model checking to properties over infinite time intervals. We further strengthen the power of GSTE by introducing a form of backward symbolic simulation. It can be shown that these extensions, together with a notion of fairness, give STE the power to verify all /spl omega/-regular properties. We use a large-scale industrial memory design to demonstrate the power and practicality of GSTE.
The Relationship Between Encoding-Decoding of Visual Nonverbal Emotional Cues

Despite the tremendous proliferation of research in nonverbal communication, relatively little research has focused on the issue of nonverbal expressiveness and sensitivity to nonverbal communication. The term 'encoding' has been used to describe the extent to which a person gives information about his emotions, attitudes, and personality through his nonverbal behavior, whereas 'decoding' has been used to describe an individual's ability to recognize, from nonverbal behavior of others, cues informative about others' emotions, attitudes, and personality. A major issue is the question whether the abilities to encode and decode emotional expression are related. That is, is a person who is nonverbally sensitive also an individual who is nonverbally expressive, or is the individual who is nonverbally inscrutable the one who excels at 'reading' others? A third possibility is obviously that these abilities may not be related to each other. In the vocal channel, Levy (1964), Knower (1945), and Zuckerman, Lipets, Koivumaki, and Rosenthal (1975) reported positive relationships between encoding and decoding, whereas Miller (1966) observed a negative relationship; Zaidel and Mehrabian (1969) and Wolf, Gorski, and Peters (1972) reported no significant relationship. For nonverbal behavior in the visual channel, Lanzetta and Kleck (1970) reported a significant negative relationship, whereas Zaidel and Mehrabian (1969) reported a nonsignificant relationship. More recently, Cupchik (1973) found that male and female high expressive observers were better decoders than low expressive observers, but no correlational analysis to assess the strength of this relationship was used. Zuckerman, Lipets, Koivumaki, and Rosenthal (1975), using photographs of facial expressions instead of videotapes, found
Multi-Parameter Based Scheduling for Multi-user MIMO Systems

Multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) system has attracted the 4 th generation wireless network as one of core technique for performance enrichment. In this system rate control is a challenging problem and another problem is optimization. Proper scheduling can resolve these problems by deciding which set of user and at which rate the users send their data. This paper proposes a new multi-parameter based scheduling (MPS) for downlink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system under space-time block coding (STBC) transmissions. Goal of this MPS scheme is to offer improved link level performance in terms of a low average bit error rate (BER), high packet delivery ratio (PDR) with improved resource utilization and service fairness among the user. This scheme allows the set of users to send data based on their channel quality and their demand rates. Simulation compares the MPS performance with other scheduling scheme such as fair scheduling (FS), normalized priority scheduling (NPS) and threshold based fair scheduling (TFS). The results obtained prove that MPS has significant improvement in average BER performance with improved resource utilization and fairness as compared to the other scheduling scheme.
Simulação compilada para arquiteturas descritivas em ArchC

o simulador e uma das ferramentas mais importantes para o desenvolvimento de uma nova arquitetura computacional. Entre as vantagens que ele apresenta, destacam-se a flexibilidade e baixo custo. Os primeiros simuladores eram criados manualmente, uma pratica muito propensa a erros. Atualmente, Linguagens de Descricao de Arquiteturas (ADLs) facilitam a geracao dessas ferramentas. O foco deste trabalho e a pesquisa em tecnicas de simulacao rapida utilizando a ADL ArchC. Partindo do estado da arte nesta area, a simulacao compilada, conseguiu-se melhorar ainda mais o desempenho dos simuladores de conjunto de instrucoes. Duas otimizacoes foram propostas. A primeira simula atomicamente os blocos basicos, sem nenhum tipo de teste entre as instrucoes, oferecendo um ganho de desempenho medio de 70%. A segunda otimizacao calcula antecipadamente o alvo da maioria das instrucoes de salto, permitindo o controle do fluxo de execucao pelo simulador. Esta otimizacao e um passo adicional a primeira, oferecendo um ganho de desempenho combinado medio de 180%. Alem da simulacao rapida, tambem foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para que simuladores de arquiteturas possam interagir com a maquina hospedeira permitindo, por exemplo, o acesso a arquivos locais e a passagem de parâmetros de linha de commando. Tambem foi definida uma interface para acesso a dados externos que permitiu a implementacao de um prototipo para simulacao de arquiteturas com multiplos processadores. Esta interface de dados sera integrada a ArchC e permitira a co-simulacao de blocos genericos descritos em SystemC Abstract
{3-Methyl-2-[(1-oxido-2-naphthyl)methylideneamino-κ2 O,N]butanoato-κO}(1H-pyrazole-κN 2)nickel(II)

In either of the two independent mol-ecules within the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(C(16)H(15)NO(3))(C(3)H(4)N(2))], the Ni(II) atom is coordinated by the two N atoms and two O atoms in a distorted square-planar geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by strong and weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as weak centroid-centroid π-stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid separation = 3.526 (3) Å].
Modular Femoral Tapered Revision Stems in Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background: Modular component options can assist the surgeon in addressing complex femoral reconstructions in total hip arthroplasty by allowing for customization of version control and proximal to distal sizing. We review the early clinical results of a single modular femoral revision system that offers 3 proximal body types, 5 distal stem geometries, and a wide range of offset, sizing and auxiliary options. Methods: A query of our practice’s arthroplasty registry revealed 60 patients (61 hips) who signed an IRB-approved general research consent allowing retrospective review, and underwent total hip arthroplasty performed with the modular femoral revision system between December 2009 and April 2012. There were 35 men (58%) and 25 women (42%). Mean age was 65.1 years (range, 35-94) and BMI was 31.3 kg.m2 (range, 14-53). Procedures were complex primary in 1 hip, conversion in 6 (10%), revision in 32 (53%), and two-staged exchange for infection in 22 (33%). Two-thirds of procedures included complete acetabular revision (n=40), while 31% (19) involved liner change only and 2 were isolated femoral revisions. Results: At an average follow-up of 1.5 years (maximum: 3.7 years) there have been no revisions or failures of the femoral component. Average Harris hip scores (0 to 100 possible) improved from 44.2 preoperatively to 66.0 at most recent evaluation, while the pain component (0 to 44 possible) improved from 15.8 to 31.2. Complications requiring surgical intervention included intraoperative periprosthetic femur fracture in one patient returned to the operating suite same day for open reduction internal fixation, which further required incision and debridement for superficial infection at 1 year postoperative; and two patients with dislocation and fracture of the greater trochanter treated with open reduction, revision of the head and liner, and application of cerclage cables, one of which required removal of a migrated claw 10 months later followed 2 weeks subsequently with incision and debridement for a non-healing wound. Postoperative radiographs were available for review for 59 THA in 58 patients. Analysis of the femoral component revealed satisfactory findings in 50 hips (85%) while 9 had radiographic changes that included bone deficit, osteolysis, or radiolucency in one or more zones. Conclusions: The early results of this modular femoral revision system are promising for the treatment of the deficient femur in complex primary and revision total hip arthroplasty. Patients with radiographic changes are advised to return for regular clinical and radiographic follow-up. Survival of the modular femoral component in this series was 100% at mean follow-up of 1.5 years and up to 3.7 years. While HHS clinical and pain scores were somewhat low at most recent evaluation, they were significantly improved over preoperative levels.
Epitope characterization of anti-JAM-A antibodies using orthogonal mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance approaches

ABSTRACT Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is an adherens and tight junction protein expressed by endothelial and epithelial cells and associated with cancer progression. We present here the extensive characterization of immune complexes involving JAM-A antigen and three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including hz6F4-2, a humanized version of anti-tumoral 6F4 mAb identified by a functional and proteomic approach in our laboratory. A specific workflow that combines orthogonal approaches has been designed to determine binding stoichiometries along with JAM-A epitope mapping determination at high resolution for these three mAbs. Native mass spectrometry experiments revealed different binding stoichiometries and affinities, with two molecules of JAM-A being able to bind to hz6F4-2 and F11 Fab, while only one JAM-A was bound to J10.4. Surface plasmon resonance indirect competitive binding assays suggested epitopes located in close proximity for hz6F4-2 and F11. Finally, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry was used to precisely identify epitopes for all mAbs. The results obtained by orthogonal biophysical approaches showed a clear correlation between the determined epitopes and JAM-A binding characteristics, allowing the basis for molecular recognition of JAM-A by hz6F4-2 to be definitively established for the first time. Taken together, our results highlight the power of MS-based structural approaches for epitope mapping and mAb conformational characterization.
The Ratio of Observed‐to‐Expected Mortality as a Quality of Care Indicator in Non‐Surgical VA Patients

This study attempts to validate the use of the observed-to-expected (O/E) mortality ratio as an indicator of quality of care. The primary objective is to determine whether medical records of 111 patients who died in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals with high overall ratios of observed-to-expected mortality rates show greater evidence that life might have been meaningfully prolonged with more expert care than the records of matched patients who died in VA hospitals with low O/E ratios. Patient matching criteria included: age, diagnosis responsible for length of stay, type of VA hospital, and the mortality probability predicted by logistic regression. Expert physicians blindly and independently reviewed pairs of medical records, assessing comparative care on a symmetrical, nine-alternative visual analog scale. A slight shift in distribution toward better care in low-ratio hospitals was not statistically significant. Results of an additional analysis, not dependent on pairing, showed that preventability of death is more strongly related to physicians' estimates of mortality risk at admission, whether transferred from a nursing home, do-not-resuscitate status, and accuracy of discharge coding than to VA Medical Center O/E ratios.
Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation

Currently, there are four general approaches to correct a refractive defect: refractive corneal surgery, crystalline lens surgery, and implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) in the anterior or posterior chamber. In any case, the main goal of refractive surgery is the smallest residual refractive error preserving vision quality with the same visual capacity. Corneal refractive surgery might be divided into three types. One would be incisional and thermal corneal surgery, the second is ablational corneal surgery, and the third is addional corneal surgery (intracorneal lens, intraestromal ring segments, etc.). Most of them, except for some lenses, will try to modify the anterior curvature of the cornea in order to obtain its effect. Radial keratotomy has been the keystone of corneal refractive surgery to correct myopia but, as Waring pointed out in 1986 regarding instability of the corneal dome, the number of incisions considered permissible had declined from 16 to 8, with the limitation to treat myopia of not more than–6.00 to –8.00, and eyes with myopia less than approximately 5.00 D achieve better results than do eyes with myopia greater than 5.00 D. Meanwhile, other keratorefractive procedures have been described: epikeratoplasty, in situ keratomileusis, excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy, and more recently excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Although this is still a topic for debate, the best results have been obtained with LASIK; however, in general, such complications as unpredictability, regression, and mainly poor quality of vision under dim illumination conditions have diminished its use in high myopia correction. The second approach in correcting high ammetropia is the substitution of the natural lens with an IOL of proper dioptric power. This procedure has been called clear o semiclear lens extraction by some and refractive lensectomy by others. Predictability and stability of the results, comparable to those observed after IOL implantation at the time of cataract surgery, are the main advantages of this technique. It also offers the added
Sulfation of selected mono‐hydroxyflavones by sulfotransferases in vitro: a species and gender comparison

Objectives Sulfation via sulfotransferases is an important metabolic pathway contributing to the low bioavailability of flavonoids. This study aims to characterize the sulfation of mono‐hydroxyflavones (MHFs) to obtain useful information on structure‐metabolizing relationships in animal species and gender differences.
Asymmetric price transmission in the wood products sector in the Southern United States

Prices play a key role in the market economy. Asymmetric price transmission (APT) is a price phenomenon that is ignored in the forest sector, particularly in the United States, although it has been the subject of considerable attention in the agricultural sector or other sectors. In this study, the presence of price transmission asymmetry for wood products sector in the Southern United States is investigated. The Error Correction Model (ECM) is used with quarterly prices at two stages from standing timber to delivered timber and to lumber markets and vice-versa from 1977 to 2008. All prices are found to be nonstationary, and there is evidence of Engle-Granger (EG) co-integration for six pairs of price series. The estimated results of the ECM-EG for APT reveal that the asymmetric price transmission exists in the four pairs of price series in the long and short term. Moreover, the existence of positive APT that squeezes the margin more rapidly than it stretches the margin is widely expected in this study. Meanwhile, the negative APT that is not usually observed in the past does exist in this study.
The extracellular region of Lrp4 is sufficient to mediate neuromuscular synapse formation

Neuromuscular synapse formation requires an exchange of signals between motor neurons and muscle. Agrin, supplied by motor neurons, binds to Lrp4 in muscle, stimulating phosphorylation of MuSK and recruitment of a signaling complex essential for synapse‐specific transcription and anchoring of key proteins in the postsynaptic membrane. Lrp4, like the LDLR and other Lrp‐family members, contains an intracellular region with motifs that can regulate receptor trafficking, as well as assembly of an intracellular signaling complex. Here, we show that the intracellular region of Lrp4 is dispensable for Agrin to stimulate MuSK phosphorylation and clustering of acetylcholine receptors in cultured myotubes. Moreover, muscle‐selective expression of a Lrp4‐CD4 chimera, composed of the extracellular and transmembrane regions of Lrp4 and the intracellular region of CD4, rescues neuromuscular synapse formation and the neonatal lethality of lrp4 mutant mice, demonstrating that Lrp4, lacking the Lrp4 intracellular region, is sufficient for presynaptic and postsynaptic differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 240:2626–2633, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Underwater acoustic field reconstruction using a compressive sensing approach

In this paper, we apply a block-based compressive sensing (BCS) architecture to address the reconstruction of underwater acoustic intensity fields. Although with anisotropic characteristics, underwater acoustic intensity fields can be compressed or represented in sparse transform domains. The distinct advantages of the BCS method include no need for any prior knowledge of the interested acoustic fields and no need for complete sampling coverage. Both benefits can facilitate experimentation and improve reconstruction precision. We demonstrated the recovery capability by applying this algorithm to the reconstruction of simulated acoustic fields in the Gulf of Mexico, where the bathymetry and water column showed high levels of spatial variability. Further, a field experiment was conducted at a local river, Lake Tamaha, where an autonomous underwater vehicle navigated during acoustic transmissions. Reconstruction performance comparisons were made between the BCS and interpolation methods at different measurement ratios.