Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Optimal Feedback Rate in Interference-Limited Multi-Antenna Cellular Systems

We consider a downlink cellular network where multi-antenna base stations (BSs) transmit data to single-antenna users by using one of two linear precoding methods with limited feedback: 1) maximum ratio transmission (MRT) for serving a single user or 2) zero forcing (ZF) for serving multiple users. The BS and user locations are drawn from a Poisson point process, allowing expressions for the signal-to-interference coverage probability and the ergodic spectral efficiency to be derived as a function of system parameters, such as the number of BS antennas and feedback bits, and the pathloss exponent. We find a tight lower bound on the optimum number of feedback bits to maximize the net spectral efficiency, which captures the overall system gain by considering both of downlink and uplink spectral efficiency using limited feedback. Our main finding is that, when using MRT, the optimum number of feedback bits scales linearly with the number of antennas, and logarithmically with the channel coherence time. When using ZF, the feedback scales in the same ways as MRT, but also linearly with the pathloss exponent. The derived results provide system-level insights into the preferred channel codebook size by averaging the effects of short-term fading and long-term pathloss.
Data Mining Techniques in EDM for Predicting the Performance of Students

— In recent, growth of higher education has increased rapidly. Many new institutions, colleges and universities are being established by both the private and government sectors for the growth of education and welfare of the students. Each institution aims at producing higher and exemplary education rates by employing various teaching and grooming methods. But still there are cases of unemployment that exists among the medium and low risk students. This paper describes the use of data mining techniques to improve the efficiency of academic performance in the educational institutions. Various data mining techniques such as decision tree, association rule, nearest neighbors, neural networks, genetic algorithms, exploratory factor analysis and stepwise regression can be applied to the higher education process, which in turn helps to improve student’s performance. This type of approach gives high confidence to students in their studies. This method helps to identify the students who need special advising or counseling by the teacher which gives high quality of education.
Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung extract inhibits 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice

Solanum tuberosum L. cv Hongyoung (SH) is a widely consumed anthocyanin-rich food and medicinal plant, which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities. The present study aimed to examine the inhibitory effects of SH extract on atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions induced by the topical application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in NC/Nga mice. SH extract was orally administered to the DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice. The anti-AD effects of SH extract were examined by measuring symptom severity; ear thickness; scratching behavior; serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E; T-helper (Th)1, Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels in the spleen; mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines; and tissue infiltration of inflammatory cells. The results demonstrated that SH extract inhibited the development of AD-like lesions, and reduced IgE levels and the production of cytokines. Furthermore, SH extract significantly suppressed the expression of AD-associated mRNAs in lesional skin. Histological alterations in the AD-like lesions were visualized using hematoxylin and eosin, and toluidine blue staining in the DNCB-treated group; the alterations were attenuated following SH treatment. In addition, thickening of the epidermis and accumulation of inflammatory cells in the DNCB-treated mice were suppressed by SH treatment. These results suggested that SH extract may suppress the development of AD symptoms through modulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses.
Laboratory investigations of the impact of mineral dust aerosol on cold cloud formation

Abstract. Dust particles represent a dominant source of particulate matter (by mass) to the atmosphere, and their emission from some source regions has been shown to be transported on regional and hemispherical scales. Dust particles' potential to interact with water vapor in the atmosphere can lead to important radiative impacts on the climate system, both direct and indirect. We have investigated this interaction for several types of dust aerosol, collected from the Southwestern United States and the Saharan region. A continuous flow diffusion chamber was operated to measure the ice nucleation ability of the dust particles in the temperature range of relevance to cirrus and mixed-phase clouds (−65
Design of oligonucleotides for microarrays and perspectives for design of multi-transcriptome arrays

Optimal design of oligonucleotides for microarrays involves tedious and laborious work evaluating potential oligonucleotides relative to a series of parameters. The currently available tools for this purpose are limited in their flexibility and do not present the oligonucleotide designer with an overview of these parameters. We present here a flexible tool named OligoWiz for designing oligonucleotides for multiple purposes. OligoWiz presents a set of parameter scores in a graphical interface to facilitate an overview for the user. Additional custom parameter scores can easily be added to the program to extend the default parameters: homology, DeltaTm, low-complexity, position and GATC-only. Furthermore we present an analysis of the limitations in designing oligonucleotide sets that can detect transcripts from multiple organisms. OligoWiz is available at www.cbs. dtu.dk/services/OligoWiz/.
Conditional depletion of intellectual disability and Parkinsonism candidate gene ATP6AP2 in fly and mouse induces cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration

ATP6AP2, an essential accessory component of the vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), has been associated with intellectual disability (ID) and Parkinsonism. ATP6AP2 has been implicated in several signalling pathways; however, little is known regarding its role in the nervous system. To decipher its function in behaviour and cognition, we generated and characterized conditional knockdowns of ATP6AP2 in the nervous system of Drosophila and mouse models. In Drosophila, ATP6AP2 knockdown induced defective phototaxis and vacuolated photoreceptor neurons and pigment cells when depleted in eyes and altered short- and long-term memory when depleted in the mushroom body. In mouse, conditional Atp6ap2 deletion in glutamatergic neurons (Atp6ap2Camk2aCre/0 mice) caused increased spontaneous locomotor activity and altered fear memory. Both Drosophila ATP6AP2 knockdown and Atp6ap2Camk2aCre/0 mice presented with presynaptic transmission defects, and with an abnormal number and morphology of synapses. In addition, Atp6ap2Camk2aCre/0 mice showed autophagy defects that led to axonal and neuronal degeneration in the cortex and hippocampus. Surprisingly, axon myelination was affected in our mutant mice, and axonal transport alterations were observed in Drosophila. In accordance with the identified phenotypes across species, genome-wide transcriptome profiling of Atp6ap2Camk2aCre/0 mouse hippocampi revealed dysregulation of genes involved in myelination, action potential, membrane-bound vesicles and motor behaviour. In summary, ATP6AP2 disruption in mouse and fly leads to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, mimicking aspects of the neuropathology associated with ATP6AP2 mutations in humans. Our results identify ATP6AP2 as an essential gene for the nervous system.
Poster abstract: the challenges of accurate mobility prediction for ultra mobile users

Realistic modeling of user mobility is one of the most critical research areas in wireless networks. Currently, several mobility models are proposed based on the analysis of real WLAN traces [1,2,7]. However, the large collection of WLAN usage traces, seem to capture little mobility from the users. In this paper, we focus on a subset of the wireless users, who use lightweight ultra mobile devices (i.e. VoIP devices). These users leave their devices on most of the time and the devices are light enough to walk-and-talk. Hence, these users show a more mobile (ultra mobile) characteristic than laptop users while connected to the network. We expect many of the users to become ultra mobile in the future with the introduction of the next generation handheld devices. By analyzing these traces we aim to compare behavior of ultra mobile device users to the general WLAN users. This sheds light on the realism of WLAN trace-based models. We also aim to examine the effect of any differences on protocol performance, e.g., prediction protocols. Particularly, we compare the mobility of VoIP device user traces with whole WLAN traces (as used in previous studies) and also with some samples we have generated based on criteria that distinguish these samples as ultra mobile compared to others, such as prevalence, the number of APs visited and activity range. We compare these different sets of traces using several different predictors such as the Markov O(1), O(2), O(3) and also the LZ predictor. There has been work done with Wi-Fi mobility data using predictors [3] and work done on VoIP users [4] along with related work in the field such as analyzing different characteristics in various WLAN data [5,6,9], most of these works directly based on WLAN traces which can be found under the Mobilib project [10] or the CRAWDAD project [11]. There is even work done on prediction algorithms targeting cellular networks [8] but to the best of our knowledge there has not been any work done using predictors to compare the mobility of users. Our experiments indicate that the number of access points (AP) visited better represent mobility than the actual area range the user has covered and also that the Markov O(2) is the predictor with the highest accuracy among the four predictors and the LZ has the lowest. Surprisingly, all predictors perform quite poorly with VoIP device users compared to general WLAN users, prompting re-visiting of such algorithms for ultra mobile users.
Government and Environmental Innovation in Europe and North America

This article challenges certain tenets of the theories of reflexive law and ecological modernization. Although farsighted prevention-oriented and structural changes are needed, some proponents of these theories argue that the very industries and firms that create environmental problems can through continuous institutional learning, the application of life-cycle analysis, dialogue and networks with stakeholders, and implementation of “environmental management systems” be transformed into sustainable industries and firms. Although useful, these reforms are insufficient. It is not marginal or incremental changes that are needed for sustainability but rather major product, process, and system transformations—often beyond the capacity of the dominant industries and firms. This article also questions the alleged failure of regulation to stimulate needed technological changes and identifies the conditions under which innovation for sustainability can occur. Finally, it discusses differences in needed policies for industrialized and developing countries.
Botnet Detection, Measurement and Analysis: Research Challenges

At a present time lots of compromised computers also known as botnets, represents a very serious threat to Internet security. Botmaster have developed the ability of controlling large network of infected hosts, characterized by complex executable command set. This paper we have brief review of the recently approach related botnet detection, measurement and analysis. Now we will propose common process model for botnet detection and also concluded by presenting the identified research challenges in the botnet defense.
A Conceptual Framework for Evolving Information Systems

In this paper, we will treat evolving information systems, which support the information needs of an evolving organization. Such a system is able to change at the same pace as the organization does, such that there is no need to interrupt the activities of the organization. Such a system supports changes of all timeand application-dependent aspects. We will present a conceptual framework of an approach to evolving information systems. The architecture of such a system will be explained, where we will make disctinctions between meta model and application model, and between world, action and behavioural aspects of these models. Furthermore, evolution management of application models will be discussed, whereby update is regarded as recording, correction or forgetting, and whereby state transitions are considered on three different levels, viz. the organizational level, the recording level and the correction level. A formal specification of this approach to evolution management will be provided too.
Distributed under Creative Commons Cc-by 4.0 Who's Your Mama? Riverine Hybridisation of Threatened Freshwater Trout Cod and Murray Cod

Rates of hybridization and introgression are increasing dramatically worldwide because of translocations, restocking of organisms and habitat modifications; thus, determining whether hybridization is occuring after reintroducing extirpated congeneric species is commensurately important for conservation. Restocking programs are sometimes criticized because of the genetic consequences of hatchery-bred fish breeding with wild populations. These concerns are important to conservation restocking programs, including those from the Australian freshwater fish family, Percichthyidae. Two of the better known Australian Percichthyidae are the Murray Cod, Maccullochella peelii and Trout Cod, Maccullochella macquariensis which were formerly widespread over the Murray Darling Basin. In much of the Murrumbidgee River, Trout Cod and Murray Cod were sympatric until the late 1970s when Trout Cod were extirpated. Here we use genetic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data together with mitochondrial sequences to examine hybridization and introgression between Murray Cod and Trout Cod in the upper Murrumbidgee River and consider implications for restocking programs. We have confirmed restocked riverine Trout Cod reproducing, but only as inter-specific matings, in the wild. We detected hybrid Trout Cod–Murray Cod in the Upper Murrumbidgee, recording the first hybrid larvae in the wild. Although hybrid larvae, juveniles and adults have been recorded in hatcheries and impoundments, and hybrid adults have been recorded in rivers previously, this is the first time fertile F1 have been recorded in a wild riverine population. The F1 backcrosses with Murray cod have also been found to be fertile. All backcrosses noted were with pure Murray Cod. Such introgression has not been recorded previously in these two species, and the imbalance in hybridization direction may have important implications for restocking programs.
INSPECTION OF SPECULAR AND PARTIALLY SPECULAR SURFACES

The inspection of specular surfaces differs significantly from the case of non-specular surfaces. In contrast to the non-specular case, the appearance of a specular surface is dominated by the reflections of the environment that are visible in it. The transfer of this observation into automated visual inspection is called deflectometry. The main principle of deflectometric surface acquisition is to use a highly controllable environment, where a screen on which a well-defined pattern is presented is observed via the specular reflecting surface. Knowing that pattern, it is possible to inspect the surface qualitatively and - at least with certain additional knowledge - to reconstruct the surface under test. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical background of deflectometry. After presenting some properties of the deflectometric inspection itself, we describe the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the deflectometric observation in detail. We will show that an inspection of specular and partially specular objects is feasible in an industrially applicable inspection system. For complexly formed and/or large objects, we propose a robot-based inspection setup.
Slack-based advance reservation for Grid jobs

Advance reservations are usually used to guarantee the QoS of Grid applications by reserving a particular resource capability over a defined time interval on local resources. AR generally results in lower utilization of local resources and longer waiting time of non-AR jobs by interrupting processing time- and/or space- frames. This paper presents a slack-based AR mechanism, in which every AR request has a slack time to determine how long it may wait to run actually after its required start time. Different from existing studies in which slack time is simply used to relax the start time of an AR request from a rigid start time ST to a time span [ST, ST+slack], the mechanism in this paper also allows to postpone the execution of accepted reservations within their slack limits in order to accommodate more AR or local jobs. Experimental results show that it is helpful to increase the acceptance ratio and scheduling flexibility of AR jobs, and meanwhile improves the utilization of local system, reduces the disadvantageous impact of AR jobs on local jobs' waiting time and slowdown.
Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners ’ Decisions to Create Forest Carbon Sinks ?

1RCF Economic and Financial Consulting, 333 N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60601 and University of Chicago, 1126 E 59th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637 (phone: 312-431-1540; fax: 312-431-1170; e-mail: sabina@uchicago.edu). 2Pacific Forestry Centre, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5 (phone: 250-363-8076; fax: 250-363-0797; e-mail: lili.sun@nrcan.gc.ca). 3Department of Economics, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 2Y2 (phone: 250-721-8539; fax: 250-721-6214; e-mail: kooten@uvic.ca).
Audio and Video Reactive Talking Head Avatar

Human perception is multi-sensory. In particular, one often uses two of our five senses: Sight and Hearing. Sight or vision describes the ability to detect electromagnetic waves within the visible range (light) by the eye and the brain to interpret the image as sight. Hearing or audition is the sense of sound perception and results from tiny hair fibres in the inner ear detecting the motion of a membrane. For perceiving facial emotion and behaviour, humans combine the acoustic waveform (audio information) and the movements of the lips, tongue and other facial muscles (visual information) generated by a speaker. The McGurk effect [1] established this bimodal speech perception by showing that, when conflicting audio and visual stimuli is produced to an individual, the latter may assimilate a new stimulus, different from the two others. For example if you watch a talking head, in which repeated utterances of the syllable [ba] had been dubbed on to lip movements for [ga], normal adults reported hearing [da]. Effective human computer interaction (HCI) requires a multimodal speech recognition in order to make the computer interplays with human in the same way as human to human communication.
Time to Change What to Sow: Risk Preferences and Technology Adoption Decisions of Cotton Farmers in China

Abstract This paper examines the role of individual risk attitudes in the decision to adopt a new form of agricultural biotechnology in China. I conducted a survey and a field experiment to elicit the risk preferences of Chinese farmers, who faced the decision of whether to adopt genetically modified Bt cotton a decade ago. In my analysis, I expand the measurement of risk preferences beyond expected utility theory to incorporate prospect theory. I find that farmers who are more risk averse or more loss averse adopt Bt cotton later. Farmers who overweight small probabilities adopt Bt cotton earlier.
SeRViTR: A framework for trust and policy management for a secure Internet and its proof-of-concept implementation

A secure network is considered to be an important goal of the Future Internet; one way this can be embodied is by having flexible and robust routing functionalities with intrinsic security mechanisms. It is also desirable to provide user-centric or service-centric routing capabilities to achieve service-oriented traffic controls as well as trust and policy management for security. Based on these potential needs, a flexible, scalable, and robust routing framework that enables fine-grained flow control under fixed or dynamic policies called the Virtual Trusted Routing and Provisioning Domain (VTRouPD)[11] has been recently proposed. In this paper, we present a framework called the Secure and Resilient Virtual Trust Routing (SeRViTR) framework, which is a proof-of-concept model of VTRouPD at the implementation level. SeRViTR has particular entities that are designed for policy management and trust management between different VTRouPDs to enable a secure Internet. We define the roles of each entity within the SeRViTR framework as well as the messages exchanged between them. We also discuss how policy management and trust negotiation can be achieved. Moreover, we present validation on the functional implementation of several SeRViTR components to illustrate how to create virtual domains and change of trust levels between virtual domains.
An Empirical Approach to Temporal Reference Resolution

Scheduling dialogs, during which people negotiate the times of appointments, are common in everyday life. This paper reports the results of an in-depth empirical investigation of resolving explicit temporal references in scheduling dialogs. There are four phases of this work: data annotation and evaluation, model development, system implementation and evaluation, and model evaluation and analysis. The system and model were developed primarily on one set of data, and then applied later to a much more complex data set, to assess the generalizability of the model for the task being performed. Many different types of empirical methods are applied to pinpoint the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. Detailed annotation instructions were developed and an intercoder reliability study was performed, showing that naive annotators can reliably perform the targeted annotations. A fully automatic system has been developed and evaluated on unseen test data, with good results on both data sets. We adopt a pure realization of a recency-based focus model to identify precisely when it is and is not adequate for the task being addressed. In addition to system results, an in-depth evaluation of the model itself is presented, based on detailed manual annotations. The results are that few errors occur specifically due to the model of focus being used, and the set of anaphoric relations defined in the model are low in ambiguity for both data sets.
A Study of Malicious PDF Detection Technique

PDF files are considered to be safe for the static file format. On the other hand, PDF files can be executed using various codes as a malware. Previous researches have conducted to find the PDF format used as a malware, have not extracted the features of PDF. In this paper, we find the features of the new malware using actual PDF malware files, then investigate to find the useful features to detect malware. Finally, we examine the usefulness to detect real malware document in terms of the malfunction and proposed features.