Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Globalization in the U.S. Auto Industry: International Mergers and Acquisitions as Drivers of Information Sharing

There is growing interest in the role that corporate restructurings play in innovation. Although existing research has looked at the impacts of leveraged buyouts of companies on R&D spending and profits, few studies have looked at the effect that buyouts have on the output of R&D, and those studies focus on the impacts of domestic M&As. This paper contributes to the literature by empirically investigating the patenting behavior of “the Big 3” U.S. automobile companies and the effects of international knowledge spillovers from their foreign acquisitions. A log-log regression specification is used to isolate flows of knowledge for 1980-2000 between the country of the acquired subsidiary and the U.S. manufacturer. The Lexis-Nexis patent database is used to count international patent citations and “inventor country of origin” as measures of international information flows. Results indicate that there is a significant difference for the automobile industry in the information flows arising from M&As in two distinct locales: Germany, and the U.K. and Canada, with the latter pair giving greater knowledge spillovers for low levels of M&A, whereas the former gives greater spillovers as the volume of M&A activity increases.
Task-Irrelevant Perceptual Learning Specific to the Contrast Polarity of Motion Stimuli

CELEST, an NSF Science of Learning Center (SBE-0354378); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency SyNAPSE program (HR0011-09-3-0001, HR001-09-C-0011); National Science Foundation (BCS-0549036); National Institutes of Health (R21 EY017737)
Different patterns in mental rotation of facial expressions in complex regional pain syndrome patients

Abstract Although facial pain expressions are considered to be the most visible pain behaviors, it is known that the association between pain intensity and facial pain expression is weak for chronic pain. The authors hypothesized that the facial pain expressiveness was altered in chronic pain and investigated it with a mental rotation task using various facial expression, which seems to be associated with actual facial movements. As a task stimulus, 4 types of facial expression stimuli consisted of upper (tightening of eye and furrowed brows) and lower (raising upper lip) pain-specific facial expressions, and upper (eyeball deviation) and lower (tongue protrusion) facial movements not using facial muscles were used. Participants were asked to judge whether a stimulus presented at various rotation angles was left- or right-sided. The authors tested 40 patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (12 women, age range 21–60) and 35 healthy controls (15 women, age range 26–64). In an analysis of reaction time (RT) using a linear mixed model, patients were slower to react to all types of stimuli (P = .001) and a significant interaction between group (patient or control) and type of facial expression was observed (P = .01). In the post hoc analysis only patients showed longer RTs to raising upper lip than other types of facial expressions. This reflects a deficit in mental rotation tasks especially for lower facial region pain expressions in CRPS, which may be related to the psychosocial aspects of pain. However, comprehensive intra- and interpersonal influences should be further investigated.
Alliance-Based New Product Development Success: The Role of Formalization in Exploration and Exploitation Contexts

Purpose: Although alliances offer tremendous strategic potential, firms still struggle to successfully manage new product development alliances (NPD alliances). A prominent explanation for this is the institutional economics' view (see Williamson 1985) that, in general, a key disadvantage of alliances versus vertical integration is that administrative control mechanisms are weaker. Here, a key control mechanism is formalization (the use of explicit rules to govern business activities). However, regarding formalization's influence on both NPD and alliance performance, conceptual views and empirical findings are mixed, which suggest that unexamined variables moderate formalization's influence on NPD performance. Therefore, it is surprising that there is no research on whether formalization's influence differs in alliances pursuing an NPD exploration strategy versus an NPD exploitation strategy because both (1) require varying levels of freedom of action and adherence to procedural rules to achieve success, and (2) are extensively employed in NPD. Further, there is also surprisingly little intrafirm NPD and non-NPD alliance research on formalization in exploration and exploitation contexts because here as well formalization's influence on performance (1) is central, and (2) differs based on the project's innovative and learning intent. The purpose of this research is to begin to close important literature and industry practice knowledge gaps about formalization's influence on NPD alliance performance in exploitation versus exploration strategic contexts. Originality, value, and contribution: This research is the first examination ever of two key NPD strategies—exploration and exploitation—in an NPD alliance context. The research sheds light on conflicting views about formalization's NPD performance-enhancing and inhibiting aspects, and offers implications for industry best practices. Methodology/approach: Empirical examination of survey data from 151 NPD alliances via hierarchical regression and tests of group moderation. Findings: Results shed light on when and why formalization moderates the influence of key fundamental alliance success mechanisms on NPD alliance performance based on strategic context.
Horizontal cooperation in disaster relief logistics: benefits and impediments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to further the understanding of opportunities involved in horizontal cooperation in disaster relief logistics. The potential and realized benefits of horizontal cooperation in disaster relief logistics, as well as related impediments are investigated.Design/methodology/approach – Case study research into three cooperative humanitarian organization initiatives.Findings – To a large extent, the same potential synergies exist in the humanitarian as in the private sector, but not all of the potential benefits have yet been realized. Humanitarian organizations focus less on cost aspects than on lead‐time and quality improvements. It is apparent that smaller organizations can benefit most from a cooperative approach. Four main impediments to a cooperative approach are identified. These concern: the perception of logistics as one of the organization's own core competences, cultural differences and mutual mistrust, a lack of transparency regarding the potential and existing .
Fingerprint image segmentation based on Fingerprint Ridge Intensity

A fingerprint image segmentation approach is proposed in this paper. First, a feature called Fingerprint Ridge Intensity (FRI) is described in detail, which employs two intrinsic fingerprint features, that is, ridge orientation and ridge circle, to represent ridge intensity. Then an adaptive segmentation algorithm for FRI is proposed. Finally, a post-processing procedure is proposed to reduce segmentation noise. Evaluation on FVC2004 fingerprint databases reveal that the proposed approach is good at segmenting fingerprint image.
Vaccination with allogeneic dendritic cells fused to carcinoma cells induces antitumor immunity in MUC1 transgenic mice.

Fusions of autologous tumor cells with allogeneic dendritic cells (DC) represent an approach for the induction of antitumor immunity. In the present studies, we investigated the antitumor effects of vaccinating MUC1-transgenic (MUC1.Tg) mice with MC38/MUC1 carcinoma cells fused to allogeneic DC from BALB/c mice (allo-DC, H-2(d)) or syngeneic DC from C57BL/6 mice (syn-DC, H-2(b)). Both allo and syn fusion cells (FC/MUC1) expressed MHC class II, costimulatory molecules, and the MUC1 antigen. Allo-FC/MUC1 exhibited dual expression of MHC class I haplotypes (H-2(d)/H-2(b))and MUC1 antigen. By contrast, only H-2(b) and MUC1 antigen were expressed by syn-FC/MUC1. CTLs from MUC1.Tg mice immunized with allo- or syn-FC/MUC1 fusion cells lysed MC38/MUC1 targets. Moreover, immunization with allo- or syn-FC/MUC1 was effective in eliminating established MUC1-positive pulmonary metastases in MUC1.Tg mice. These results indicate that immunization of MUC1.Tg mice with syn- or allo-FC/MUC1 is effective in reversing immunologic unresponsiveness to MUC1 antigen and inducing immunity against MUC1-positive tumors. The findings in the present study have broader clinical implications for fusion cell vaccines.
Inventory Models in the Mobile Business Environment

In this paper we investigate what impact the deployment of wireless technologies can have on a company that manufactures a durable product and customises it according to the individual wishes of its customers. We derive several models for a special case when a company representative visits customers to specify their orders. The agent sends all modifications of the order to the corporate back-end system from his mobile device via the wireless network. Only after this new information is available to the manufacturer, can he start fulfilling of the customer's order. The deployment of mobile solutions allows overlapping of the process of visiting the customers and the production process, which improves service quality and increases customer satisfaction.
Behavior-Based Robot Navigation for Extended Domains

Behavior-based robotic systems have been successfully deployed for a wide range of planar ground-based tasks. This article describes how reactive (behavior-based) systems can be applied to new and more difficult target domains. ln particular, schema-based navigation is shown to be both feasible and useful in two new areas: three-dimensional navigation for use in aerospace and undersea applications, and "two and one-half"-dimensional surroundings for outdoor navigation in rough terrain. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the utility of this approach in both cases.
Development of a supplier selection model using fuzzy logic

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a tool for decision makers to help them with selection of the appropriate supplier.Design/methodology/approach – Companies often depend on their suppliers to meet customers' demands. Thus, the key to the success of these companies is selection of the appropriate supplier. A methodology is proposed to address this issue by first identifying the appropriate selection criteria and then developing a mechanism for their inclusion and measurement in the evaluation process. Such an evaluation process requires decision maker's preferences on the importance of these criteria as inputs.Findings – Human assessments contain some degree of subjectivity that often cannot be expressed in pure numeric scales and requires linguistic expressions. To capture this subjectivity the authors have applied fuzzy logic that allows the decision makers to express their preferences/opinions in linguistic terms. Decision maker's preferences on appropriate criteria as well as his/her perception of t.
Core Foundations that Support the Mobile App Ecosystems

Business transformation through Information Technology has been widely discussed. Nowadays, thanks to the growing number of smartphones, these changes are frequent, and knowledge becomes increasingly more valuable, and to that end, a whole new economic approach take place. The present paper aims to identify new research opportunities motivated by the growth of mobile solutions. It implements a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) in order to understand which are the Core Foundations of the Mobile App Ecosystem, pointing out the current situation of this research area and further strengthening the debate on the most relevant views of this ecosystem. This SLR includes primary studies listed from 2011 through 2016, resulting in a total of 1052 candidate publications, among which 30 publications were selected after a screening process. This paper concludes that academic community research is focused on four topics found within the selected papers, that should describe the Core Foundations of Mobile App Ecosystem: User, Developer, Store, and Publicity. This paper also shows a relationship graph between the selected publications, illustrating the representativeness of these works in this area. It also points out the locations where the Mobile App Ecosystem researches are being conducted. Furthermore, this SLR shows that there is a clear lack of works that combine these four core foundations.
The Cognitive Limits of Animated Maps

When it comes to designing animated maps, the bottleneck is no longer the hardware, the software, or the data – it is the limited visual and cognitive processing capabilities of the map reader. Only sporadic progress has been made within GIScience in answering even the most basic questions: Under what conditions and for what kinds of map-reading tasks are animated maps effective, and how can their effectiveness be increased? Fortunately, over the past 20 years cognitive researchers in psychology and education have created a comprehensive set of theories that explain how people look at and learn from dynamic images, under what conditions these images work or fail, and why. Moreover, numerous controlled experiments, often designed to replicate and build upon previous studies, have validated these theories (something that is rare in cartography). This article presents a synthesis of this research and shows how it (1) directly informs mapping practices, (2) explains important cognitive differences between sta.
The System Vehicle of Application Detector for Categorize Type

The Detection of the vehicles on the road for the classification of the vehicles. The image processing by Blob Analysis for careful all the time, because of safety while driving is important. It's help to reduce accidents on the road, this article presents a program of on-road driving in a vehicle. When processed by the image processing and display counting when the object of interest when they move into the period, accounting for 96% of accuracy.
Silage from by-products for smallholders.

Livestock are an important part of the farming system in developing countries, particularly for subsistence and semicommercial farmers. There is good potential to improve food security and family incomes by improving livestock production. This applies particularly to milk production by rural and peri-urban farmers. However, a shortage of affordable feeds of adequate quality and quantity, particularly during the dry season is a major obstacle to improving production.
Detecting and tracking bottoms and faces of the crested black macaque in the wild

Monkeys are important to many areas of science and ecology. The study of monkeys and their welfare are important components requiring complex observational studies. This work is therefore concerned with the development of computer vision techniques for the purposes of detecting and tracking monkeys with the ultimate aim to help in such studies. Monkeys are complex creatures for the purposes of tracking because of complex deformations. This complexity is further compounded by an in the wild setting where for est conditions result in frequent occlusions and changes in lighting. Despite these complexities monkeys present some interesting features that can make detection and tracking possible: their bottoms and faces. A system is thus described consisting of detectors trained to detect faces and bottoms of monkeys which are used within a tracking framework to initialise a system of tracklet construction. Steps are also described to enable disparate but coincident tracklets to be merged thus enabling longer run analysis of individual monkey movements. Experiments are performed using image data taken from video footage of Crested Black Macaques in natural forest surroundings. Results demonstrate relatively successful detection of monkey bottoms where the correspondence analysis and tracking process helps to reduce false positives.
Is Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Important for Graft Acceptance in Highly Sensitized Patients After Combined Auxiliary Liver-Kidney Transplantation?

Background. In the clinical setting, transplanted liver seems to protect other grafts from the same donor from rejection. Our previous findings suggest that an auxiliary liver transplantation a few hours before a renal transplantation not only inhibits hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection but also improves long-term kidney graft survival in sensitized recipients. Here, we investigated indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity, as one potential mechanism for liver-induced long-term acceptance of kidney grafts. Methods. Tryptophan degradation was measured to estimate IDO activity in patient sera and cell culture supernatants with high performance liquid chromatography. Gene expression in the grafted organs and cell lysates was studied using real time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results. Tryptophan degradation increased in peripheral blood from patients undergoing combined auxiliary liver-kidney transplantation, whereas it decreased in patients after regular renal transplantation. A 100-fold increase in IDO mRNA, preceded by upregulation of the IDO-inducing cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interferon-&ggr;, was observed in the transplanted organs after graft reperfusion in patients undergoing combined graft transplantation. Subsequent studies in vitro revealed that immature dendritic cells, but not hepatocytes, strongly activated IDO on maturation with tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interferon-&ggr;. Finally, serum from liver-transplanted patients elicited an even stronger IDO-activity in such cytokine-stimulated dendritic cells. Conclusions. Taken together these findings suggest that the liver-induced long-term acceptance seen in human combined auxiliary liver and kidney transplantation is at least partly mediated by IDO activity.
Research on Information Security Audit Base on Semantic Web Ontology and Improve Vector Space Model

Now the network has become the main source of the information where people gain from. However there are various network information, include healthy and helpful information, at the same time; also include the bad and useless information. How to protect the security and quickly and exactly find the user need from this vast information has become the hot research. This article use the improve vector space model to filter bad information and use the semantic web technology to build a computer ontology. Aim at this area to information retrieval, through this ontology to handle users’ input, thus to improve the recall level and the precision rate.
The Use of Social Network Sites in the Workplace: a Case Study in Brazilian Companies

People are increasingly using Social Network Sites (SNS) through corporate platforms or open websites such as Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook. As a recent phenomenon, the potential benefits and risks of such tools are still not properly addressed in organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how Brazilian companies are using this tool to achieve their corporate strategic objectives. We conducted a qualitative case study and proposed a framework that classified the companies into three groups according to their position about SNS use in the workplace. The knowledge creation group benefits the social and intellectual capital generated by online discussion, while the corporate branding group seeks to strengthen the corporate image with customers. The administrative control group is more concerned about productivity, procrastination and data confidentiality. We also highlight the reasons for employees to use SNS during working time, the benefits and risks caused by formation of social capital and concerns about privacy.
Atomistic Simulations of the Physical Properties of Nitrate Esters

Abstract : Atomistic simulations have advanced to the degree that the material properties of actual Army gun propellants can be predicted a priori. For example, we have used the COMPASS force field to predict the density of the gun propellant JA2 and its energetic ingredients. The predicted density of the propellant is within 1.6% of its measured value. These results are the first a priori prediction of the density of an Army gun propellant and clearly suggest that this methodology can be a valuable tool in the design of new high energy propellant formulations for use in the Future Combat System.
Tranexamic Acid Reduces Perioperative Blood Loss in Adult Patients Having Spinal Fusion Surgery

BACKGROUND: Spinal reconstructive surgery in adults can be associated with significant blood loss, often requiring allogeneic blood transfusion. The objective of this randomized, prospective, double-blind, multicenter study was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in reducing perioperative blood loss and transfusion in adult patients having elective posterior thoracic/lumbar instrumented spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: One hundred fifty-one adult patients were randomized to receive either a bolus of 10 mg/kg IV of TXA after induction followed by a maintenance infusion of 1 mg/kg/hr of TXA, or an equivalent volume of placebo (normal saline). The primary outcome was the total perioperative estimated and calculated blood loss intraoperatively and 24 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were incidence of allogeneic blood exposure, and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: Four patients were withdrawn for identifiable surgical bleeding, therefore 147 patients were included in the analysis. The total estimated and calculated perioperative blood loss was approximately 25% and 30% lower in patients given TXA versus placebo (1592 ± 1315 mL vs 2138 ± 1607 mL, P = 0.026; 3079 ± 2558 vs 4363 ± 3030, P = 0.017), respectively. There was no difference in the amounts of blood products transfused, and length of stay between the two groups. TXA, surgical duration, and number of vertebrae fused were independent factors related to perioperative blood loss. Predictors for the need for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion were ASA classification, surgical duration and number of levels fused. CONCLUSIONS: TXA significantly reduced the estimated and calculated total amount of perioperative blood loss in adult patients having elective posterior thoracic/lumbar instrumented spinal fusion surgery.
Regulation of Histone Deposition on the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome during Lytic Infection

ABSTRACT During lytic infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), histones are present at relatively low levels on the viral genome. However, the mechanisms that account for such low levels—how histone deposition on the viral genome is blocked or how histones are removed from the genome—are not yet defined. In this study, we show that histone occupancy on the viral genome gradually increased with time when transcription of the viral immediate-early (IE) genes was inhibited either by deletion of the VP16 activation domain or by chemical inhibition of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II). Inhibition of IE protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not affect histone occupancy on most IE promoters and coding regions but did cause an increase at delayed-early and late gene promoters. IE gene transcription from HSV-1 genomes associated with high levels of histones was stimulated by superinfection with HSV-2 without altering histone occupancy or covalent histone modifications at IE gene promoters. Moreover, RNAP II and histones cooccupied the viral genome in this context, indicating that RNAP II does not preferentially associate with viral genomes that are devoid of histones. These results suggest that during lytic infection, VP16, RNAP II, and IE proteins may all contribute to the low levels of histones on the viral genome, and yet the dearth of histones is neither a prerequisite for nor a necessary result of VP16-dependent transcription of nucleosomal viral genomes.