Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barratt Impulsivity in Healthy Adults Is Associated with Higher Gray Matter Concentration in the Parietal Occipital Cortex that Represents Peripheral Visual Field

Impulsivity is a personality trait of clinical importance. Extant research focuses on fronto-striatal mechanisms of impulsivity and how executive functions are compromised in impulsive individuals. Imaging studies employing voxel based morphometry highlighted impulsivity-related changes in gray matter concentrations in a wide array of cerebral structures. In particular, whereas prefrontal cortical areas appear to show structural alterations in individuals with a neuropsychiatric condition, the findings are less than consistent in the healthy population. Here, in a sample (n = 113) of young adults assessed for Barratt impulsivity, we controlled for age, gender and alcohol use, and showed that higher impulsivity score is associated with increased gray matter volume (GMV) in bilateral medial parietal and occipital cortices known to represent the peripheral visual field. When impulsivity components were assessed, we observed that this increase in parieto-occipital cortical volume is correlated with inattention and non-planning but not motor subscore. In a separate behavioral experiment of 10 young adults, we demonstrated that impulsive individuals are more vulnerable to the influence of a distractor on target detection in an attention task. If replicated, these findings together suggest aberrant visual attention as a neural correlate of an impulsive personality trait in neurotypical individuals and need to be reconciled with the literature that focuses on frontal dysfunctions.
Compressive tracking with locality sensitive histograms features

Currently, Compressive Tracking (CT) method has drawn great attention because of its high efficiency. However, it cannot well deal with some appearance variations due to its limitations of feature expression and it only uses a fixed parameter to update the appearance model. In order to handle such matters, we propose an adaptive CT method that combines the predicted target position with CT based on Locality Sensitive Histograms (LSH) features. Our method significantly improves CT in four aspects. First, the efficient illumination invariant features extracted based on LSH are used to represent an effective appearance model that is robust to illumination changes. Second, the color attributes tracker is adopted to predict the target position for re-building the new weighted discriminant function which brings in the color information to make up for the inadequacy of Haar-like characteristics. Third, a new model update mechanism is proposed to preserve the stable features while avoid the noisy appearance variations during tracking. Fourth, a trajectory rectification method is employed to refine the tracking location when possible inaccurate tracking occurs. Finally, we show that our tracker achieves state-of-the-art performance in a comprehensive evaluation over 47 challenging color sequences.
Local indigenous knowledge about some medicinal plants in and around Kakamega forest in western Kenya

Kakamega forest is Kenya’s only rainforest and is distinguishably rich in biodiversity but threatened by agricultural encroachment and other forms of human activity. It is also one of Kenya’s Important Bird Areas and a significant source of natural products to neighboring rural communities, such as medicinal plants, food, wood and other fibers. By using structured questionnaires for direct interviews, local indigenous knowledge was tapped through involvement of a focal group of elderly key informants in three blocks of the forest. Forty key species of medicinal plants used by local people were identified and recorded. Fifty-five percent of these were shrubs, thirty-two percent trees, seven-and-a-half percent lower plants such as herbs or forbs while five percent were climbers. About seventy percent of the medicinal plants occurred inside the forest itself and thirty percent around the edge and the immediate surroundings outside the forest. Thirty-eight (95%) of the plants were indigenous to Kenya and two (5%) exotic. Such extensive indigenous knowledge of the medicinal uses of the plants, including their distribution trends in the forest, may be tapped for decision support in rural health service planning, policy formulation for conserving the forest, tracking and mitigation of climate change impacts.
Generality of vertebrate developmental patterns: evidence for a dermomyotome in fish

SUMMARY The somitic compartment that gives rise to trunk muscle and dermis in amniotes is an epithelial sheet on the external surface of the somite, and is known as the dermomyotome. However, despite its central role in the development of the trunk and limbs, the evolutionary history of the dermomyotome and its role in nonamniotes is poorly understood. We have tested whether a tissue with the morphological and molecular characteristics of a dermomyotome exists in nonamniotes. We show that representatives of the agnathans and of all major clades of gnathostomes each have a layer of cells on the surface of the somite, external to the embryonic myotome. These external cells do not show any signs of terminal myogenic or dermogenic differentiation. Moreover, in the embryos of bony fishes as diverse as sturgeons (Chondrostei) and zebrafish (Teleostei) this layer of cells expresses the pax3 and pax7 genes that mark myogenic precursors. Some of the pax7‐expressing cells also express the differentiation‐promoting myogenic regulatory factor Myogenin and appear to enter into the myotome. We therefore suggest that the dermomyotome is an ancient and conserved structure that evolved prior to the last common ancestor of all vertebrates. The identification of a dermomyotome in fish makes it possible to apply the powerful cellular and genetic approaches available in zebrafish to the understanding of this key developmental structure.
Has racial difference in cause-specific death improved in older patients with late-stage breast cancer?

BACKGROUND Research on temporal mortality trends for stage IV breast cancer is limited, especially among older patients by race. We evaluated factors associated with overall, breast cancer-specific and other-cause mortalities using contemporary population data. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked data, we identified older women (≥ 66 years) with stage IV breast cancer diagnosed in 2002-2009. Overall mortality was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, compared by log-rank tests, and modeled by Cox models. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate breast cancer-specific and other-cause mortalities. RESULTS The median overall survival time for non-Hispanic blacks improved from 8.6 months in 2002-2003 to 9.9 months in 2007-2009, whereas that for non-Hispanic whites improved from 12.1 to 14.8 months. In the multivariate model, the risk of breast cancer-specific death for patients diagnosed in 2007-2009 was significantly lower (P = 0.02), whereas the risk of other-cause mortality changed little (P = 0.88) compared with those risks for patients diagnosed in 2002-2003. Non-Hispanic blacks had the higher risk of both mortality types compared with non-Hispanic whites; a diagnosis time-race interaction term was not statistically significant for either cause of death. CONCLUSION Breast cancer-specific mortality among older women modestly improved from 2002 to 2009 across all races, but not other-cause mortality. Racial disparity in mortality persisted, but did not widen in this period. Efforts should be devoted to improving other-cause mortality for all women, with special attention toward decreasing breast cancer mortality for non-Hispanic black women.
The effect of dairy products choice on calcium dietary intake in female university students of nutritional faculty.

BACKGROUND Dairy products provide the most important source of calcium in a typical human diet, being of particular significance to women. OBJECTIVE To determine dietary calcium intakes in a group of female students studying human nutrition at a Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW through analysing the selections made of dairy products. MATERIALS AND METHODS A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess average consumption of dairy products. Total daily calcium intakes were then estimated by adding the intakes obtained from such dairy products to an average non-dairy calcium value obtained from other foodstuffs and taken to be 250 mg. RESULTS Varied choices were made of dairy foodstuffs, with most subjects consuming milk, milk beverages, cottage cheese and rennet cheese. Calcium intakes were thus dependent on the dietary assortment of such selected dairy products made. Whenever cheeses were avoided in the diet, then low calcium intakes became more common. CONCLUSIONS When compared to dietary recommendations, calcium intakes in this group of young women were inadequately low especially for those not eating cheese and despite supposedly having sufficient knowledge through studying this subject area.
Comparison of ferrolectric and varactor tunable filters controlled by DAC

Development of microwave technologies (especially GSM, Wi-Fi and LTE) and UHF receivers (tactical and cognitive radios) offer us realization of very compact and high performance tunable filters. In this paper, narrow band semiconductor and ferroelectric lumped bandpass tunable filters have been designed with the same topology and their fabrication outputs were derived. Varactor diodes and Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) capacitors are used as tuning element in this work. After theoretical analysis, the filter has been constructed and evaluated in ADS (Advanced Design System) simulation software. S parameters of filters have been derived from both simulation results and fabrication output. Center frequencies of filters vary from 382 MHz to 604 MHz (0.65 octave) with approximately constant fractional bandwith. Insertion loss alters from 3.1 dB to 8.2 dB. Performances of Varactor Diode and BST capacitors have been compared and showed. 60 V pin selectable Digital to Analog (DAC) converters with 12 bit resolution are used to drive of these capacitors.
Formal verification of security protocol with B method

Security Protocols are fundamental building block of many important applications. These protocols are used to achieve various security requirements such as confidentially, authentication, integrity etc. of the applications. These protocols must be tested for their functional correctness before they are used. In many of the protocol errors have been detected, in spite of investing lot of time in their design. Modified Needham Schroeder Symmetric Key Protocol is a security protocol that incorporates an exchange of messages between two or more agents, for establishing a cryptographic key, and authenticating the identities of the agents. Authentication protocol has to be designed in such a way that makes it robust against replay attacks by any intruder. In this paper, use of formal methods for verification of correction of modified Needham-Schroeder Symmetric Key Protocol is demonstrated. B method has been used for developing specification of modified Needham-Schroeder Symmetric Key protocol and thereafter specifications are model checked using proB model checker. The specifications are free from deadlock and satisfy the behaviour or properties of the system expressed as invariants. It is verified that specifications leaves no spaces for the replay attack.
Text-Driven Multi-structured Data Analytics for Enterprise Intelligence

Text data constitutes the bulk of all enterprise data. Text repositories are not only tacit store-houses of knowledge about its people, projects and processes but also contain invaluable information about its customers, competitors, suppliers, partners and all other stakeholders. Mining this data can provide interesting and valuable insights provided it is appropriately integrated with other enterprise data. In this paper we propose a framework for text-driven analysis of multi-structured data.
Imaging Atomic Structure in Metal Nanoparticles Using High-Resolution Cryo-TEM

It has been shown, by imaging gold (200) planes, that it is possible to achieve better than 0.20-nm structural resolution in cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). This has been done using commercially available cryo equipment and using a 300-kV field emission gun (FEG) TEM. The images of 15-nm gold particles embedded in amorphous frozen water clearly show the (111) planes (separated by 0.235 nm) in gold. Fourier transform demonstrates the presence of (200) planes in the image, proving a resolution of better than 0.20 nm. The experimental results are supported by image simulations using the multislice method. These simulations suggest that it should be possible to achieve the same resolution even in smaller particles and particles of lighter elements. The crucial experimental problem to overcome is keeping the thickness of the amorphous film low and to work at low electron dose conditions.
Fast Counting with AV-Space for Efficient Rule Induction

We present AV-space, a new data structure for caching data set statistics for efficiently learning classification rules from large data sets. The AV-space is designed to work with sequential-covering rule induction algorithms. It is used to accelerate queries about the count of the examples in a data set that satisfy a conjunction of attribute-value pairs. With an AV-space, the learning algorithm does not have to access the training data to obtain the statistics about the data. We present the structure of an AV-space, algorithms for building and querying an AVspace, and procedures for dynamically updating the AVspace during the rule induction process. We present an experimental evaluation that compares the AV-space with a commonly-used data structure that simply loads the (encoded) training examples into memory. We show that the use of AV-space significantly improves the speed of rule induction and that it consumes less memory on large data sets.
SWIPT for Max-Min Fair Multi-Group Multicast Beamforming through Power Splitting

In this paper, simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) is considered in the context of multi-group multicast beamforming. A base station transmits more than one multicast streams to the groups of users where each group targets its own information signal. Users have single antenna and the received radio frequency (RF) signals are split into two for both information decoding and energy harvesting through a power splitter device. The aim is to maximize the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among all the users while satisfying the harvesting power demands and the maximum transmission power constraint at the base station. The max-min fair beamforming problem is not convex. Hence the problem is first reformulated in terms of new variables in an exact manner and successive convex approximation (SCA) is applied after some transformations. Two iterative algorithms are proposed the first of which relies on a previous convex approximation technique applied on the reformulated problem. The second algorithm introduces a new reformulation where less number of convex approximations are required. Simulation results show that this new approach is very effective and results better performance in comparison.
Efficient homophonic coding

Homophonic coding, or homophonic substitution, is referred to as a technique that contributes to reliability of the secret key cipher systems. Its main goal is to convert the plaintext into a sequence of completely random (equiprobable and independent) code letters. In solving this problem three characteristics are to be considered: (i) redundancy, defined as the difference between the mean codeword length and the source entropy, (ii) an average number of random bits used in encoding, and (iii) complexity of the encoder and decoder, measured by memory size (in bits) and computation time (in bit operations). A class of homophonic codes is suggested for which both the redundancy and the average number of random bits can be made as small as required with nonexponential growth of memory size and roughly logarithmic growth of computation time.
Approximate Closest Community Search in Networks

Recently, there has been significant interest in the study of the community search problem in social and information networks: given one or more query nodes, find densely connected communities containing the query nodes. However, most existing studies do not address the "free rider" issue, that is, nodes far away from query nodes and irrelevant to them are included in the detected community. Some state-of-the-art models have attempted to address this issue, but not only are their formulated problems NP-hard, they do not admit any approximations without restrictive assumptions, which may not always hold in practice. In this paper, given an undirected graph G and a set of query nodes Q, we study community search using the k-truss based community model. We formulate our problem of finding a closest truss community (CTC), as finding a connected k-truss subgraph with the largest k that contains Q, and has the minimum diameter among such subgraphs. We prove this problem is NP-hard. Furthermore, it is NP-hard to approximate the problem within a factor (2-e), for any e > 0. However, we develop a greedy algorithmic framework, which first finds a CTC containing Q, and then iteratively removes the furthest nodes from Q, from the graph. The method achieves 2-approximation to the optimal solution. To further improve the efficiency, we make use of a compact truss index and develop efficient algorithms for k-truss identification and maintenance as nodes get eliminated. In addition, using bulk deletion optimization and local exploration strategies, we propose two more efficient algorithms. One of them trades some approximation quality for efficiency while the other is a very efficient heuristic. Extensive experiments on 6 real-world networks show the effectiveness and efficiency of our community model and search algorithms.
Cytochrome P 4501 B 1 Mediates Induction of Bone Marrow Cytotoxicity and Preleukemia Cells in Mice Treated with 7 , 12-Dimethylbenz [ a ] anthracene 1

Humans are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through many environmental pollutants, especially cigarette smoke. These chemicals cause a variety of tumors and immunotoxic effects, as a consequence of bioactivation by P-450 cytochromes to dihydrodiol epoxides. The recently identified cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) bioactivates PAHs but is also a physiological regulator, as evidenced by linkage of CYP1B1 deficiency to congenital human glaucoma. This investigation demonstrates that CYP1B1 null mice are almost completely protected from the acute bone marrow cytotoxic and preleukemic effects of the prototypic PAH 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). CYP1B1 null mice did not produce the appreciable amounts of bone marrow DMBA dihydrodiol epoxide DNA adducts present in wild-type mice, despite comparable hepatic inductions of the prominent PAH-metabolizing P-450 cytochrome, CYP1A1. Wild-type mice constitutively expressed low levels of bone marrow CYP1B1. These findings suggest that CYP1B1 is responsible for the formation of DMBA dihydrodiol epoxides in the bone marrow. Furthermore, this study substantiates the importance of DMBA dihydrodiol epoxide generation at the site of cancer initiation and suggests that tissuespecific constitutive CYP1B1 expression may contribute to cancer susceptibility in the human population.
A (n, n) secret image sharing scheme based on array scrambling

This paper proposes a (n, n) secret image sharing scheme based on array scrambling and rearrange operation. In this scheme the size of each generated shadow image is much smaller than the secret image. Less shadow size is more convenient for storage, transmission and hiding. This scheme can be directly applied on binary and gray scale images and can easily be extended on color images. This method can reconstruct the secret image precisely. Experimental results prove the efficiency of this scheme.
Distributed Finite-Time Average-Consensus With Limited Computational and Storage Capability

Consensus is a fundamental feature of distributed systems, and it is the prerequisite for several complex tasks, such as flocking of mobile robots, localization in wireless-sensor networks, or decentralized control of smart grids. Average consensus, in particular, is quite challenging, because it is typically obtained asymptotically, while few finite-time algorithms are available. In this paper, we provide a methodology to achieve distributed average consensus in finite time, while maintaining low computational and memory requirements, and small completion times. The provided solution, namely, finite-time average-consensus by iterated max-consensus (FAIM) is based on several runs of the max-consensus algorithm, and has low memory requirements for each node. Compared to existing Flooding approaches, the proposed algorithm requires less memory, at the cost of a slight increase in the number of steps required for termination. The FAIM algorithm assumes that the nodes are aware of an upper bound on the network diameter. To relax this assumption, we complement this paper with a novel distributed algorithm that, in the case of undirected graphs, provides an upper bound on the network diameter which, in the worst case, is twice the actual diameter. A comparison of the proposed finite-time algorithm against the state of the art concludes this paper.
CHL1 Is Expressed and Functions as a Malignancy Promoter in Glioma Cells

The cell adhesion molecule with homology to L1CAM (close homolog of L1) (CHL1) is a member of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) gene family. Although CHL1 expression and function have been reported in several tumors, the roles of CHL1 in the development of glioma remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CHL1 on proliferation indexes and activation of Akt1 and Erk signaling by siRNA in U-87 MG human glioblastoma and human U251 and SHG-44 glioma cells. We found that siRNA targeting CHL1 significantly down-regulated the expression of CHL1 mRNA and protein accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and transmigration invasion in all three cell lines. Down-regulating CHL1 expression also reduced cell survival, as measured by the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and increased activation of caspase-3. In subcutaneous U-87 MG cell xenograft tumors in nude mice, intratumoral administration of siRNA targeting CHL1 treatment significantly down-regulated CHL1 expression in vivo, accompanied by increased levels of activated caspase-3. Our combined results confirmed for the first time that in contrast to findings about CHL1 in most other cancer types, CHL1 functions in promoting cell proliferation, metastasis and migration in human glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that CHL1 is a therapeutic target in the clinical management of glioma/glioblastoma.