Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigating murder: The construction of blame in true and false confessions

Confessions are central to criminal investigations. Although an increasing amount of attention is being drawn to the phenomenon of false confessions the majority of research focuses on psychological factors of false confessions. This study instead uses narrative analysis to examine the language of true and false confession narratives, with a focus on how evaluative devices convey degrees of guilt and blame. Justifications and deflection of blame were found to characterize true confessions, while false confessions did not place a primacy on these elements. Furthermore, the actual events of the crime were highly evaluated in true confessions, while false confessions left these events unevaluated. Although generalizability of these findings should be treated with caution, meaningful differences between true and false confessions occur at the level of discourse which may assist investigators in uncovering motives, key events, and the confessor’s state of mind, and may help guide interrogators’ questioning patterns.
Citation for Published Item: Use Policy the Projection and Synaptic Organisation of Nts Afferent Connections with Presympathetic Neurons, Gaba and Nnos Neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus

(2012) 'The projection and synaptic organisation of NTS aerent connections with presympathetic neurones, GABA and nNOS neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract—Elevated sympathetic nerve activity, strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, is partly generated from the presympathetic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). The PVN-presympathetic neurons regulating cardiac and vasomotor sympathetic activity receive information about cardiovascular status from receptors in the heart and circulation. These receptors signal changes via afferent neurons terminating in the nucleus trac-tus solitarius (NTS), some of which may result in excitation or inhibition of PVN-presympathetic neurons. Understanding the anatomy and neurochemistry of NTS afferent connections within the PVN could provide important clues to the impairment in homeostasis cardiovascular control associated with disease. Transynaptic labelling has shown the presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-containing neurons and GABA interneurons that terminate on presympathetic PVN neurons any of which may be the target for NTS afferents. So far NTS connections to these diverse neuronal pools have not been demonstrated and were investigated in this study. Anterograde (biotin dextran amine – BDA) labelling of the ascending projection from the NTS and retrograde (fluoro-gold – FG or cholera toxin B subunit – CTB) labelling of PVN presympathetic neurons combined with immunohistochem-istry for GABA and nNOS was used to identify the terminal neuronal targets of the ascending projection from the NTS. It was shown that NTS afferent terminals are apposed to either PVN-GABA interneurons or to nitric oxide producing neurons or even directly to presympathetic neurons. Furthermore, there was evidence that some NTS axons were positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGLUT2). The data provide an anatomical basis for the different functions of cardiovas-cular receptors that mediate their actions via the NTS–PVN pathways. Ó 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Induces Autophagy via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis under stress conditions such as starvation and pathogen infection. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α that are induced by MIF have been shown to be involved in the induction of autophagy. However, the actual role of MIF in autophagy remains unclear. Here, we have demonstrated that incubation of human hepatoma cell line HuH-7 cells with recombinant MIF (rMIF) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and autophagy formation, including LC3-II expression, LC3 punctae formation, autophagic flux, and mitochondria membrane potential loss. The autophagy induced by rMIF was inhibited in the presence of MIF inhibitor, ISO-1 as well as ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). In addition, serum starvation-induced MIF release and autophagy of HuH-7 cells were partly blocked in the presence of NAC. Moreover, diminished MIF expression by shRNA transfection or inhibition of MIF by ISO-1 decreased serum starvation-induced autophagy of HuH-7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that cell autophagy was induced by MIF under stress conditions such as inflammation and starvation through ROS generation.
Creating Instructional Environments that Keep Students on TARGET

T eachers’ instructional decisions, such as lesson goals, how students are grouped, or how students are recognized and evaluated, can affect their students’ level of motivation related to physical activity. A physical educator’s primary responsibility is to create a classroom environment that enhances motivation and encourages students to become fit and to learn motor skills. If the long-term goal in physical education is to help students become physically active throughout life, then one way to achieve this goal is to create instructional environments that foster positive attitudes and behaviors regarding healthy lifestyle choices. This article describes the central role of the instructional situation (class climate) and how the structuring of this environment can influence the motivation processes of students. The information presented here is meant to encourage teachers to adopt a mastery climate in their classroom. The first portion of this article discusses two types of motivation climates (mastery and performance) used by teachers in their classroom, as well as the research findings associated with the impact of each of these climates on students’ motivational and behavioral processes. The second part introduces a classroom structural framework (Epstein’s [1989] TARGET), which can be used to help teachers organize their learning environments. The third part uses the TARGET framework to contrast mastery and performance climates. The fourth section describes strategies that teachers can use to design and implement a mastery climate in their classes. Fifth, student perceptions about the classroom climate, student skill level, role models, and media will be discussed, because these variables also affect the classroom setting. Lastly, this article provides a brief checklist that can help teachers to gauge their classroom environment (mastery, performance, or a combination of the two).
The fungal UPR

Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for a life-threatening fungal infection known as invasive aspergillosis. Current therapies for the treatment of this disease continue to be associated with a poor outcome, so there is a need for more information about aspects of the fungus–host interaction that could offer novel targets for drug intervention. One attractive possibility is the unfolded protein response (UPR), an intracellular signaling network that helps the fungus meet the demand for secretion in the host environment. The major function of the UPR is to mitigate ER stress by maintaining an equilibrium between the load of client proteins entering the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the protein folding capacity of the organelle. However, recent findings suggest that A. fumigatus, as well as several other pathogenic fungi, also rely upon this pathway for virulence. In this review, we provide an update on the A. fumigatus UPR, discuss emerging evidence that the UPR is situated at the nexus of a number of physiological functions that are vital for the virulence of this fungus, and suggest exciting possibilities for future therapeutic targeting of this pathway for the treatment of aspergillosis.
Régime de change et croissance économique : une investigation empirique

L’objet de cet article est d’etudier les repercussions potentielles du choix du regime de change sur la croissance economique. Nous estimons l’incidence du regime de change sur la croissance en utilisant des donnees de panel relatives a 53 pays (1973 – 1998) et en ayant recourt a la methode d’estimation des moments generalises. Les resultats obtenus suggerent que les regimes de change assortis d’un point d’ancrage aux fins de la conduite de la politique monetaire, qu’il s’agisse de regimes de changes fixes ou flottants ou de regimes intermediaires, exercent une influence positive sur la croissance. Les resultats revelent qu’il est tres important de tenir compte du cadre de politique monetaire qui accompagne le regime de change lorsque l’on evalue les effets de ce regime sur la tenue globale de l’economie.
Quality of bug reports in Eclipse

The information in bug reports influences the speed at which bugs are fixed. However, bug reports differ in their quality of information. We conducted a survey among ECLIPSE developers to determine the information in reports that they widely used and the problems frequently encountered. Our results show that steps to reproduce and stack traces are most sought after by developers, while inaccurate steps to reproduce and incomplete information pose the largest hurdles. Surprisingly, developers are indifferent to bug duplicates. Such insight is useful to design new bug tracking tools that guide reporters at providing more helpful information. We also present a prototype of a quality-meter tool that measures the quality of bug reports by scanning its content.
A Semi-Automatic Semantic Annotation Tool for Video Databases

Advances in compression techniques, decreasing cost of storage, and high-speed transmission have facilitated the way video is created, stored and distributed. As a consequence, video is now being used in many application areas. The increase in the amount of video data deployed and used in today’s applications not only caused video to draw more attention as a multimedia data type, but also led to the requirement of efficient management of video data. Management of video data paved the way for new research areas, such as indexing and retrieval of videos with respect to their spatio-temporal, visual and semantic contents. In this paper, semantic content of video is studied, where video metadata, activities, actions and objects of interest are considered within the context of video semantic content. A data model is proposed to model video semantic content, which is extracted from video data by a video annotation tool. The work in this paper constitutes a part of a video database system to provide support for semantic queries.
How Are We Doing? A Multiple Constituency Approach to Civic Association Effectiveness

Increased citizen participation in policy processes through voluntary civic associations warrants an analysis of their effectiveness, which this article undertakes using a multiple constituency framework. We find a gap in the literature on nonprofit effectiveness where theoretical and empirical studies have mainly focused on organizations that directly provide tangible goods and services. We propose a multiple constituency approach to evaluate and understand the implications for assessing the organizational effectiveness of community-based advisory civic associations. We empirically analyze the evaluation of Los Angeles neighborhood councils by three different constituency groups—citizen participants, street-level bureaucrats, and city council staffs. We find that the effectiveness ratings of the constituency groups are dissimilar on different dimensions of effectiveness. These findings suggest that the multiple constituency framework holds theoretical and practical value for understanding the organizational effectiveness of voluntary associations, where the different goals of various stakeholders lead to different views on effectiveness.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Adheres to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Upregulates ICAM-1 Expression

ABSTRACT Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is an important respiratory pathogen. NTHI initiates infection by adhering to the airway epithelium. Here, we report that NTHI interacts with intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressed by respiratory epithelial cells. A fourfold-higher number of NTHI bacteria adhered to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with human ICAM-1 (CHO-ICAM-1) than to control CHO cells (P ≤ 0.005). Blocking cell surface ICAM-1 with specific antibody reduced the adhesion of NTHI to A549 respiratory epithelial cells by 37% (P = 0.001) and to CHO-ICAM-1 cells by 69% (P = 0.005). Preincubating the bacteria with recombinant ICAM-1 reduced adhesion by 69% (P = 0.003). The adherence to CHO-ICAM-1 cells of NTHI strains deficient in the adhesins P5, P2, HMW1/2, and Hap or expressing a truncated lipooligosaccharide was compared to that of parental strains. Only strain 1128f−, which lacks the outer membrane protein (OMP) P5-homologous adhesin (P5 fimbriae), adhered less well than its parental strain. The numbers of NTHI cells adhering to CHO-ICAM-1 cells were reduced by 67% (P = 0.009) following preincubation with anti-P5 antisera. Furthermore, recombinant ICAM bound to an OMP preparation from strain 1128f+, which expresses P5, but not to that from its P5-deficient mutant, confirming a specific interaction between ICAM-1 and P5 fimbriae. Incubation of respiratory epithelial cells with NTHI increased ICAM-1 expression fourfold (P = 0.001). Adhesion of NTHI to the respiratory epithelium, therefore, upregulates the expression of its own receptor. Blocking interactions between NTHI P5 fimbriae and ICAM-1 may reduce respiratory colonization by NTHI and limit the frequency and severity of NTHI infection.
A Higher Energy-Efficient Sampling Scheme for Networked Control Systems over IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Networks

This paper proposes a higher energy-efficient mixed sampling scheme (MSE) for networked control systems (NCSs) over IEEE 802.15. 4 wireless networks. Compared with some existing periodic event-triggered sampling (ETS) schemes with a delayed sampling estimation, this delay is no longer existing in MSE since there is a dynamic adjustable threshold in MSE to compensate for this delay. Compared with some existing self-triggered sampling (STS)/ETS schemes, MSE does not require continuous measurement of the system states and does not suffer from the conservativeness induced by a self-triggered estimation. By using the proposed MSE, one can improve the energy efficiency in energy-constrained wireless NCSs (WiNCSs) by reducing the number of transmitted packets and increasing the idle-listening period of wireless sensor nodes. An inverted pendulum (Feedback 33-005-PCI) controlled over IEEE 802.15. 4 wireless networks is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Newton-Krylov solvers for time-steppers

Abstract : We study how the Newton-GMRES iteration can enable dynamic simulators (time-steppers) to perform fixed-point and path-following computations. For a class of dissipative problems, whose dynamics are characterized by a slow manifold, the Jacobian matrices in such computations are compact perturbations of the identity. We examine the number of GMRES iterations required for each nonlinear iteration as a function of the dimension of the slow subspace and the time-stepper reporting horizon. In a path-following computation, only a small number (one or two) of additional GMRES iterations is required.
Observation as a therapeutic intervention for infants and young children in care

More than half of all children entering care in the UK are infants and children under five. The emotional and mental health needs of this population tend to be overlooked. Research described in this paper aimed to find out about the experience of an infant or young child in care and to inform training and support for health and social care professionals. The study found that therapeutic observation with a looked-after infant was feasible and provided an in-depth perspective on the experiences of the baby and his foster carers. The paper outlines the clinical context, defines therapeutic observation, describes stages in the first year of life of the observed infant and his transition to adoption, discusses functions of the therapeutic observer, describes applications of the research and makes suggestions for further research.
Performance analysis of multiwavelets constructed using B-spline refinable super functions

Image compression performance of new multiwavelets constructed using B-spline super functions is compared with existing multiwavelets. First orthogonal, approximation order preserving pre-filters are designed and then an extensive comparative performance analysis in image compression is carried out. Our results confirm the usefulness of the super function design criteria in image compression. The new multiwavelets show excellent performance, which is better than most of the well known multi-wavelets and at least as good as the 9/7 biorthogonal wavelet.
Impulsivity components measured by the Brazilian version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Content item analysis was conducted by seven doctoral students. A convenience sample of 897 students was submitted to BIS-11 and they also filled self-reports about Minor Mental Disorder and ADHD symptoms, alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Mean age was 27.32 (SD=8.69) years, 56% were female and 52% had incomplete college degree. Content and factorial analyses revealed that impulsivity was best represented by two latent factors labeled non-planning and inhibition behaviors. Test retest agreement tended to produce similar score patterns seven months after the first evaluation. Additionally, BIS-11 scores discriminated subjects in terms of cigarette smoking and psychopathological symptoms, which indicated evidences regarding criterion-related validity. The theoretical discussion was present based on the neuropsychological model of hot and cool aspects of executive function.
Linguistic Features Usage in Single-Document Extractive Summarization

Extractive summarizing can be divided into several steps. Preprocessing is a first of them and it usually includes: sentence splitting, stop words removal, stemming etc. In processing step, sentence features are calculated and then weights are assigned to these features using machine learning or heuristic methods. Those features are numerical characteristics of each sentence (e.g. sentence location, length, number of keywords, title similarity) which indicate the importance of sentence. In the end of processing stage final score of each sentence is calculated and highest score sentences are included in the summary. [1]
Do discrete emotions exist?

In various guises (usually referred to as the “basic emotion” or “discrete emotion” approach), scientists and philosophers have long argued that certain categories of emotion are natural kinds. In a recent paper, Colombetti (2009) proposed yet another natural kind account, and in so doing, characterized and critiqued psychological constructionist approaches to emotion, including our own Conceptual Act Model. In this commentary, we briefly address three topics raised by Columbetti. First, we correct several common misperceptions about the discrete emotion approach to emotion. Second, we discuss misconceptions of our Conceptual Act Model. Finally, we briefly comment on Columbetti's Dynamical Discrete Emotion model.
Comparing Credibility Estimates of Health Insurance Claims Costs

Abstract We fit a linear mixed model and a Bayesian hierarchical model to data provided by an insurance company located in the Midwest. We used models fit to the 1994 data to predict health insurance claims costs for 1995. We implemented the linear mixed model in SAS and used two different prediction methods to predict 1995 costs. In the linear mixed model we assumed a normal likelihood. In the hierarchical Bayes model, we used Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to obtain posterior distributions of the parameters, as well as predictive distributions of the next year’s costs. We assumed the likelihood for this model to be a mixture of a gamma distribution for the nonzero costs, with a point mass for the zero costs. All prediction methods use credibility-type estimators that use relevant information from related experience. The linear mixed model was heavily influenced by the skewed nature of the data. The assumed gamma likelihood of the full Bayesian analysis appeared to underestimate the tails of the distributions. All prediction models underestimated costs for 1995.
Preoperative localization and minimally invasive management of primary hyperparathyroidism concomitant with thyroid disease

The coexistence of thyroid diseases with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) can present a challenge in the clinical diagnosis and management for these patients. This study aims to determine the frequency of coexisting thyroid gland lesions in a consecutive series patients with PHPT, and to analyze the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Twenty-two cases of a total of 52 PHPT patients who had synchronous thyroid and parathyroid pathology were surgically managed in this study. Thirteen patients had ipsilateral thyroid nodules, and 9 patients had thyroid nodules in contralateral or bilateral side. Seven patients underwent direct parathyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy via a mini-incision (about 3 cm), while other 15 procedures were converted to Kocher incision. Seventeen nodular goiter (32.7%), 2 thyroiditis (3.8%), 2 thyroid adenoma (3.8%) and 1 thyroid carcinoma (1.9%) coexisting with parathyroid adenoma were pathologically diagnosed. The sensitivity of preoperative ultra-sonography (US) and methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) scintigraphy for parathyroid lesions was 63.6% and 85.7%; and the overall positive predictive values for MIBI and US were 100% and 95.5% respectively. A high incidence of thyroid diseases that coexisted with PHPT in literatures was briefly reviewed. Our study illustrated the need for clinical awareness of concomitant PHPT and thyroid disease. A combination of US, computed tomography (CT) and MIBI scintigraphy would be recommended for preoperative localization of enlarged parathyroid adenoma and for evaluation of thyroid lesions. Synchronous treatment of associated thyroid abnormalities is desirable, and open minimally invasive surgical approach with additional resection of isolated ipsilateral thyroid nodules is possible in some of these patients.
Linguistic Abstractions for Programming and Policing Autonomic Computing Systems

We introduce PSCEL, a new language for developing autonomic software components capable of adapting their behaviour to react to external stimuli and environment changes. The application logic generating the computational behaviour of systems components is defined in a procedural style, by the programming constructs, while the adaptation logic is defined in a declarative style, by the policing constructs. The interplay between these two kinds of constructs permits to dynamically produce and enforce adaptation actions. To show PSCEL practical applicability and effectiveness, we employ it in a Cloud Computing case study.