Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Specific Academic Area based Automatic Query Expansion

Most of the current search engines focus on the content-based searching; therefore, they require the users to input accurate query terms. Unfortunately, most people would like to input just a few words when doing the search and the words themselves might have diverse meanings, which badly decrease the searching performance. The previous automatic query expansion algorithms usually use the documents from all of the fields to calculate the similarity between terms. At the same time, they didn't consider the non-correlation between terms to expand the query. Because the interests of users are often limited to a relative narrow branch, the global relationships among terms usually introduce some irrelevant noise. Therefore, if users can choose some relevant area and then do the search, the results can largely fulfill the users' requirements. In this paper, we choose a specific academic area and add the non-correlation into query expansion. Our experiments have well demonstrated the effectiveness of category-based search.
Panoramic view of a superfamily of phosphatases through substrate profiling

Significance Here, we examine the activity profile of the haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily by screening a customized library against >200 enzymes from a broad sampling of the superfamily. From this dataset, we can infer the function of nearly 35% of the superfamily. Overall, the superfamily was found to show high substrate ambiguity, with 75% of the superfamily utilizing greater than five substrates. In addition, the HAD members with the least amount of structural accessorization of the Rossmann fold were found to be the most specific, suggesting that elaboration of the core domain may have led to increased substrate range of the superfamily. Large-scale activity profiling of enzyme superfamilies provides information about cellular functions as well as the intrinsic binding capabilities of conserved folds. Herein, the functional space of the ubiquitous haloalkanoate dehalogenase superfamily (HADSF) was revealed by screening a customized substrate library against >200 enzymes from representative prokaryotic species, enabling inferred annotation of ∼35% of the HADSF. An extremely high level of substrate ambiguity was revealed, with the majority of HADSF enzymes using more than five substrates. Substrate profiling allowed assignment of function to previously unannotated enzymes with known structure, uncovered potential new pathways, and identified iso-functional orthologs from evolutionarily distant taxonomic groups. Intriguingly, the HADSF subfamily having the least structural elaboration of the Rossmann fold catalytic domain was the most specific, consistent with the concept that domain insertions drive the evolution of new functions and that the broad specificity observed in HADSF may be a relic of this process.
Is a parallel elastic element responsible for the enhancement of steady-state muscle force following active stretch?

SUMMARY For over 50 years, it has been recognised that muscles from many different species of animals are able to generate a higher steady-state isometric force after active stretch than during a purely isometric contraction at the same length. This is known as `residual force enhancement' (rFE). The mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains controversial. One proposal is that an elastic element parallel to the cross-bridges becomes stiffer, or is engaged, when the muscle is activated and generates force when stretched. If this is indeed the sole mechanism, then rFE should be eliminated by subsequently shortening the muscle by a distance equal to or greater than the initial stretch. We tested this hypothesis using six intact single fibres from frog lumbrical muscle. The fibres were activated and stretched to generate rFE and then rapidly shortened by between 25% and 700% of the initial stretch distance. In contrast to previous reports, we found that rapid shortening induced a depression of subsequent isometric force. We used two methods to account for this force depression when calculating rFE, thereby obtaining upper and lower bounds for the true rFE. With both methods of calculation, rFE was significantly greater than zero when shortening distance was equal to stretch distance (P=0.0004 and P=0.03, respectively). Therefore, our hypothesis was not supported. We conclude that rFE is unlikely to be generated solely by a parallel elastic element.
Loss of α-Tubulin Acetylation Is Associated with TGF-β-induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition*

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which differentiated epithelial cells reprogram gene expression, lose their junctions and polarity, reorganize their cytoskeleton, increase cell motility and assume a mesenchymal morphology. Despite the critical functions of the microtubule (MT) in cytoskeletal organization, how it participates in EMT induction and maintenance remains poorly understood. Here we report that acetylated α-tubulin, which plays an important role in microtubule (MT) stabilization and cell morphology, can serve as a novel regulator and marker of EMT. A high level of acetylated α-tubulin was correlated with epithelial morphology and it profoundly decreased during TGF-β-induced EMT. We found that TGF-β increased the activity of HDAC6, a major deacetylase of α-tubulin, without affecting its expression levels. Treatment with HDAC6 inhibitor tubacin or TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor SB431542 restored the level of acetylated α-tubulin and consequently blocked EMT. Our results demonstrate that acetylated α-tubulin can serve as a marker of EMT and that HDAC6 represents an important regulator during EMT process.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling Is a Key Regulator of the Transit-Amplifying Progenitor Pool in the Adult and Aging Forebrain

Adult forebrain neurogenesis is dynamically regulated. Multiple families of niche-derived cues have been implicated in this regulation, but the precise roles of key intracellular signaling pathways remain vaguely defined. Here, we show that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is pivotal in determining proliferation versus quiescence in the adult forebrain neural stem cell (NSC) niche. Within this niche, mTOR complex-1 (mTORC1) activation displays stage specificity, occurring in transiently amplifying (TA) progenitor cells but not in GFAP+ stem cells. Inhibiting mTORC1 depletes the TA progenitor pool in vivo and suppresses epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced proliferation within neurosphere cultures. Interestingly, mTORC1 inhibition induces a quiescence-like phenotype that is reversible. Likewise, mTORC1 activity and progenitor proliferation decline within the quiescent NSC niche of the aging brain, while EGF administration reactivates the quiescent niche in an mTORC1-dependent manner. These findings establish fundamental links between mTOR signaling, proliferation, and aging-associated quiescence in the adult forebrain NSC niche.
Synchronization analysis of physical-layer network coding in LTE system

Physical layer network coding (PNC) has recently attracted attention in wireless relay system. With PNC, the destructive effect of interference in wireless networks can be eliminated and the capacity of networks can be boosted significantly. However, synchronization is always considered as an outstanding issue which causes performance penalty on PNC. In [7], the impact of imperfect synchronization is investigated, however the analysis only considers the time domain signal processing, and it does not target at any specific practical system. In this paper, we investigate the synchronization issues on PNC in the most flourishing wireless network, long term evolution (LTE) system, considering the orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM) characteristics, the channel model, the transmission scheme and the adopted synchronization mechanism in LTE.
Inv dup del(4)(:p13 → p16.3::p16.3 → qter) in a girl without typical manifestations of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome

We report on a 4‐year‐old girl who presented with microcephaly, multiple minor anomalies of face and limbs, congenital heart defect, hypotonia, neuropsychomotor delay, deafness and seizures. A GTG‐banded karyotype identified an additional fragment of unknown origin on the terminal region of 4p. Parental karyotypes were normal. FISH analysis using a whole chromosome paint probe for chromosome 4 and subtelomere probes showed a signal on the entire add (4) chromosome and loss of the 4p subtelomere region, respectively. Additional analysis using microsatellite markers for chromosome 4 and whole‐genome array comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH) identified a duplication of the region 4p13 → 4p16.3. Her karyotype was thus interpreted as an inverted duplication with terminal deletion of 4p: 46,XX,der(4)(:p13 → p16.3::p16.3 → qter). The clinical features of our patient differed from those typically observed in Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome and were more compatible with duplication 4(p14 → p16.3), with preservation of the WHS critical region. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MODELING IN HISTORICAL RESEARCH PRACTICE AND METHODOLOGY: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM POLAND1

This selection of texts (mostly translations from Polish) should interest those who study analytical philosophy of history, methodology of history, and historical sociology. It contains contributions by Polish historians and philosophers since 1931, with pride of place given to the work of the Poznan school in the philosophy of science and humanities. With Jerzy Kmita, Leszek Nowak, and Jerzy Topolski as its leaders, it emerged in late 1960s as a synthesis of Marxism and the Polish brand of logical positivism known as the Lwow-Warsaw school. Most papers discuss or exemplify various forms of idealization in historical research. Although the papers demonstrate the usefulness of modeling in historical sociology and nonnarrative history, the collection as a whole does not provide realistic examples to substantiate the Poznan school's stronger claim of the decomposability of historical narratives into separate strips related to hierarchically ordered “essential factors. ”
Therapeutics , Targets , and Chemical Biology Mcl-1 Phosphorylation De fi nes ABT-737 Resistance That Can Be Overcome by Increased NOXA Expression in Leukemic B cells

ABT-737 is a smallmolecule Bcl-2 homology (BH)-3 domainmimetic that binds to theBcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and is currently under investigation in the clinic. In this study, we investigated potentialmechanisms of resistance to ABT-737 in leukemia cell lines. Compared with parental cells, cells that have developed acquired resistance to ABT-737 showed increased expression of Mcl-1 in addition to posttranslational modifications that facilitated both Mcl-1 stabilization and its interaction with the BH3-only protein Bim. To sensitize resistant cells, Mcl-1 was targeted by two pan–Bcl-2 family inhibitors, obatoclax and gossypol. Although gossypol was effective only in resistant cells, obatoclax induced cell death in both parental andABT-737–resistant cells. NOXA levels were increased substantially by treatment with gossypol and its expression was critical for the gossypol response. Mechanistically, thenewly generatedNOXA interactedwithMcl-1 anddisplacedBim from theMcl-1/Bimcomplex, freeing Bim to trigger the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Together, our findings indicate that NOXA andMcl-1 are critical determinants for gossypol-mediated cell death in ABT-737–resistant cells. These data therefore reveal novel insight into mechanisms of acquired resistance to ABT-737. Cancer Res; 72(12); 3069–79. 2012 AACR.
A Segmental Framework for Representing Signs Phonetically

The arguments for dividing the signing stream in signed languages into sequences of phonetic segments are compelling. The visual records of instances of actually occurring signs provide evidence of two basic types of segments: postural segments and trans-forming segments. Postural segments specify an alignment of articulatory features, both manual and nonmanual. In contrast, during trans-forming segments at least some of the articulatory features are changing. Both types of segment are divisible into subcategories based on descriptive details of duration and nature of muscular activity. Features that describe the finer details of the manner in which a trans-forming change is accomplished argue for the specification of trans-forming segments as a part of the phonetic record. We conclude that an adequate phonetic representation of signs must account for both postural and transforming segments.
Early Embryonic Gene Expression Profiling of Zebrafish Prion Protein (Prp2) Morphants

Background The Prion protein (PRNP/Prp) plays a crucial role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), scrapie and mad cow disease. Notwithstanding the importance in human and animal disease, fundamental aspects of PRNP/Prp function and transmission remains unaccounted for. Methodology/Principal Findings The zebrafish (Danio rerio) genome contains three Prp encoding genes assigned prp1, prp2 and prp3. Currently, the second paralogue is believed to be the most similar to the mammalian PRNP gene in structure and function. Functional studies of the PRNP gene ortholog was addressed by prp2 morpholino (MO) knockdown experiments. Investigation of Prp2 depleted embryos revealed high mortality and apoptosis at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) as well as impaired brain and neuronal development. In order to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was carried out in viable 24 hpf morphants. The resulting changes in gene expression profiles revealed 249 differently expressed genes linked to biological processes like cell death, neurogenesis and embryonic development. Conclusions/Significance The current study contributes to the understanding of basic Prp functions and demonstrates that the zebrafish is an excellent model to address the role of Prp in vertebrates. The gene knockdown of prp2 indicates an essential biological function for the zebrafish ortholog with a morphant phenotype that suggests a neurodegenerative action and gene expression effects which are apoptosis related and effects gene networks controlling neurogenesis and embryo development.
The Experiences of Gay Male Undergraduate Students at a Traditional Women's College

This study examined the experiences of gay male undergraduate students enrolled at a traditional women’s college using the framework of queer theory. Using data collected from student interviews, journals, and document analysis, the findings offer insight into how institutional space as well as peer culture impact identity. The students reported the need to identify with peers across a range of individual characteristics. Conclusions and implications for practice are offered.
Global managers' career competencies

Purpose – This study aims to empirically examine the career competencies of global managers having world‐wide coordination responsibility: knowing‐why, knowing‐how and knowing‐whom career competencies.Design/methodology/approach – Based on in‐depth interviews with 45 global managers, the paper analyzes career stories from a content analysis approach. Data were collected in three organizations operating in a transnational environment.Findings – Knowing‐why competencies sought for in the position of global manager relate to work‐life balance, international exposure, professional identification, center of decision making, career progression and search for challenge. The knowing‐how competencies developed from the position of global manager relate to operational skills and general business understanding. In terms of knowing‐whom competencies, the findings indicate that respondents used their professional networks and personal networks to obtain the position of global manager.Research limitations/implications .
Integrated 130 nm CMOS passive mixer for 5 GHz WLAN applications

An integrated 130 nm CMOS mixer for 5 GHz WLAN applications is proposed. A resistive double balanced concept has been chosen as part of a half RF super-heterodyne receiver architecture. The mixer provides a conversion loss of 5 dB, a SSB noise figure of less than 8 dB, an IIP3 of 10 dBm and a LO-RF isolation of more than 45 dB. The circuit dissipates no DC power and no drain bias supply is necessary. The entirety of properties makes this circuit very favorable for all wireless applications.
Targeted to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Class I-Restricted Presentation of Antigen Efficient and Qualitatively Distinct MHC

For most nascent glycoprotein Ags, the MHC class I-restricted processing pathway begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From this location, they are translocated to the cytosol for degradation by the proteasome. A reasonable assumption is that processing of exocytic Ags is less efﬁcient than that of cytosolic Ags, due to the requirement for additional handling, but that the processing pathways for the two types of proteins are otherwise similar. To test this, we compared the presentation of three epitopes within inﬂuenza nucleoprotein (NP) when this Ag is targeted to the cytosol or the ER. Surprisingly, under conditions of limited Ag expression, presentation of two proteasome-dependent epitopes is comparable when NP is targeted to the ER while presentation of a third is negatively impacted. Furthermore, presentation of the third epitope is unaffected by the addition of proteasome inhibitor when cytosolic NP is expressed but is signiﬁcantly enhanced when exocytic NP is expressed. These results indicate that delivery of Ag to the ER need not preclude efﬁcient presentation and that processing of cytosolic and ER-targeted Ag is qualitatively distinct. The Journal of Immunology, 2002, 168: 2667–2675.
A Posteriori Error Estimation for Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Approximation

It is shown that the interelement discontinuities in a discontinuous Galerkin finite element approximation are subordinate to the error measured in the broken $H^1$-seminorm. One consequence is that the DG-norm of the error is equivalent to the broken energy seminorm. Computable a posteriori error bounds are obtained for the error measured in both the DG-norm and the broken energy seminorm and are shown to be efficient in the sense that they also provide lower bounds up to a constant and higher order data oscillation terms. The estimators are completely free of unknown constants and provide guaranteed numerical bounds for the error.
Public Schools, Safety-nets and Educational Ladders: the classification of girls' secondary schools, 1880-1914

Abstract Among the obstacles to the study of women's social mobility in the U.K. is the lack of a typology of girls’ schools. For historical reasons no clear‐cut distinction between ‘public’ and ‘grammar’ schools has been applied to girls’ schools; yet they have differed in respect of both academic excellence and social selectivity, and there is a case for testing how far women's career prospects have been influenced by their schooling. The typology proposed here for girls’ secondary schools before 1914 preserves distinctions familiar to contemporaries, between public and private, boarding and day schools, and introduces subdivisions indicating academic quality (shown by the number of pupils at Oxford and Cambridge colleges in 1891‐3 and 1911‐13) and, for public day schools, breadth of recruitment (distinguishing schools which by 1911‐12 admitted 25% free scholars from elementary schools). Analysis of the schooling of orphans at Oxford women's colleges before 1914 may reveal a further subset of schools wh.
A Novel Key Management of Two-Tier Dissemination for Wireless Sensor Network

This paper proposes a novel key management of two-tier dissemination for wireless sensor network. In our scheme, a sensor node is selected to be a cluster node in each grid. The responsibility of cluster node is to aggregate the events from sensor node and respond to base station. The base station obtains the occurred event information from its cluster nodes. Based on pre-deployment position to set the routing table for communication, which would allow data transfer between nodes, and transmits it back to the base station. The authentication mechanism of cluster nodes and base station is proposed in this paper.
Bridging the gap: weaving humanism and poststructuralism

ABSTRACT This case study documents an attempt to teach counselling approaches differently in order to scaffold a bridge between humanistic and poststructural perspectives. It focuses on the experience of one postgraduate class, drawing on material written in class and a later reflective focus group. The study locates counselling within current environmental and global contexts. For this group, a new appreciation of difference had provided a useful tool for working in an increasingly challenging global environment.
Childhood and Maternal Effects on Physical Health Related Quality of Life Five Decades Later: The British 1946 Birth Cohort

Limited research has been done on the relationships between childhood factors and adult physical health related quality of life, with the underlying pathways not fully elucidated. Data from 2292 participants of the British 1946 birth cohort were used to examine the relationship of childhood characteristics and family environment with principal component summary (PCS) scores and the physical functioning (PF) subscale of the SF-36 at age 60–64 years. Impaired physical functioning was defined as the lowest quartile scores in the PF subscale. Childhood factors (father in manual social class versus non-manual (β = −2.34; 95%CI: −3.39, −1.28) and poor maternal health versus good/excellent maternal health (β = −6.18; −8.78, −3.57)) were associated with lower PCS scores at 60–64 years. Adult health behaviours (increasing BMI, lifelong smoking, and lower physical activity) at 53 years were identified as strong risk factors for lower PCS scores. After adjusting for these factors and education level (N = 1463), only poor maternal health remained unattenuated (β = −5.07; −7.62, −2.51). Similarly poor maternal health doubled the risk of reporting impaired PF (Odds ratio = 2.45; 95%CI: 1.39, 4.30); serious illness in childhood (OR = 1.44; 1.01, 2.06) and lower educational level attained were also risk factors for impaired PF (N = 1526). While findings suggest the influence of father's social class on physical health related quality of life are mediated by modifiable adult social factors and health behaviours; health professionals should also be mindful of the inter-generational risk posed by poor maternal health on the physical health related quality of life of her offspring almost five decades later.
PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN Biernat, Vescio / STANDARDS AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR She Swings, She Hits, She’s Great, She’s Benched: Implications of Gender-Based Shifting Standards for Judgment and Behavior

The implications of the shifting standards model for understanding behavior toward stereotyped groups were examined in two studies on gender and athleticism. Participants played the role of co-ed softball team managers, who made team selections, position assignments, and judgments about a series of male and female players. The data supported three hypotheses: (a) Stereotypes of male superiority as athletes lead to the use of shifting standards to judge athletic performance; (b) zero-sum behaviors (allocation of limited resources) show evidence of pro-male bias, whereas non-zero-sum behaviors (verbal and nonverbal reactions) show evidence of pro-female bias; and (c) objective judgments are somewhat better predictors of zero-sum behaviors, whereas subjective judgments are better predictors of non-zerosum behaviors.