Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of steering behavior recognition method by using sensing data of drive recorder

This paper proposes the steering behavior, e.g. lane keeping, lane changing, recognition method by using sensing data of drive recorder. To reduce traffic accidents, it is necessary to improve not only active safety technology, but also the driver awareness about driving safety. One of the methods to increase the driver awareness is to inform the degree of safety of driving behavior. To realize the system, it is necessary to develop the driving behavior recognition algorithm by sensing data of drive recorder. Therefore, this study focuses on lane change recognition method and develops the algorithm by sequential labeling method based on boosting framework; Boosted Conditional Random Fields. To develop the algorithm, four features are focused here to train the model: those are, velocity, steering wheel angle, moving variance and moving standard deviation. Finally, the recognition results are shown, and the best features in machine learning process for recognition algorithm are examined.
Cache Design of SSD-Based Search Engine Architectures: An Experimental Study

Caching is an important optimization in search engine architectures. Existing caching techniques for search engine optimization are mostly biased towards the reduction of random accesses to disks, because random accesses are known to be much more expensive than sequential accesses in traditional magnetic hard disk drive (HDD). Recently, solid-state drive (SSD) has emerged as a new kind of secondary storage medium, and some search engines like Baidu have already used SSD to completely replace HDD in their infrastructure. One notable property of SSD is that its random access latency is comparable to its sequential access latency. Therefore, the use of SSDs to replace HDDs in a search engine infrastructure may void the cache management of existing search engines. In this article, we carry out a series of empirical experiments to study the impact of SSD on search engine cache management. Based on the results, we give insights to practitioners and researchers on how to adapt the infrastructure and caching policies for SSD-based search engines.
Using genome-referenced expressed sequence tag assembly to analyze the origin and expression patterns of Gossypium hirsutum transcripts.

We assembled a total of 297,239 Gossypium hirsutum (Gh, a tetraploid cotton, AADD) expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences that were available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, with reference to the recently published G. raimondii (Gr, a diploid cotton, DD) genome, and obtained 49,125 UniGenes. The average lengths of the UniGenes were increased from 804 and 791 bp in two previous EST assemblies to 1,019 bp in the current analysis. The number of putative cotton UniGenes with lengths of 3 kb or more increased from 25 or 34 to 1,223. As a result, thousands of originally independent G. hirsutum ESTs were aligned to produce large contigs encoding transcripts with very long open reading frames, indicating that the G. raimondii genome sequence provided remarkable advantages to assemble the tetraploid cotton transcriptome. Significant different distribution patterns within several GO terms, including transcription factor activity, were observed between D- and A-derived assemblies. Transcriptome analysis showed that, in a tetraploid cotton cell, 29,547 UniGenes were possibly derived from the D subgenome while another 19,578 may come from the A subgenome. Finally, some of the in silico data were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments to show the changes in transcript levels for several gene families known to play key role in cotton fiber development. We believe that our work provides a useful platform for functional and evolutionary genomic studies in cotton.
Transplantation of purified iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction

Background Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and represent a possible autologous cell source for myocardial repair. We analyzed the engraftment and functional effects of murine iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Methods and results To maximize cardiomyocyte yield and purity a genetic purification protocol was applied. Murine iPSCs were genetically modified to express a Zeocin™ resistance gene under control of the cardiac-specific α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC, MYH6) promoter. Thus, CM selection was performed during in vitro differentiation. iPSC-CM aggregates (“cardiac bodies”, CBs) were transplanted on day 14 after LAD ligation into the hearts of previously LAD-ligated mice (800 CBs/animal; 2-3x106 CMs). Animals were treated with placebo (PBS, n = 14) or iPSC-CMs (n = 35). Myocardial remodeling and function were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conductance catheter (CC) analysis and histological morphometry. In vitro and in vivo differentiation was investigated. Follow up was 28 days (including histological assessment and functional analysis). iPSC-CM purity was >99%. Transplanted iPSC-CMs formed mature grafts within the myocardium, expressed cardiac markers and exhibited sarcomeric structures. Intramyocardial transplantation of iPSC-CMs significantly improved myocardial remodeling and left ventricular function 28 days after LAD-ligation. Conclusions We conclude that iPSCs can effectively be differentiated into cardiomyocytes and genetically enriched to high purity. iPSC derived cardiomyocytes engraft within the myocardium of LAD-ligated mice and contribute to improve left ventricular function.
Programming of maternal and offspring disease: impact of growth restriction, fetal sex and transmission across generations

Babies born small are at an increased risk of developing myriad adult diseases. While growth restriction increases disease risk in all individuals, often a second hit is required to unmask ‘programmed’ impairments in physiology. Programmed disease outcomes are demonstrated more commonly in male offspring compared with females, with these sex‐specific outcomes partly attributed to different placenta‐regulated growth strategies of the male and female fetus. Pregnancy is known to be a major risk factor for unmasking a number of conditions and can be considered a ‘second hit’ for women who were born small. As such, female offspring often develop impairments of physiology for the first time during pregnancy that present as pregnancy complications. Numerous maternal stressors can further increase the risk of developing a maternal complication during pregnancy. Importantly, these maternal complications can have long‐term consequences for both the mother after pregnancy and the developing fetus. Conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and hypertension as well as thyroid, liver and kidney diseases are all conditions that can complicate pregnancy and have long‐term consequences for maternal and offspring health. Babies born to mothers who develop these conditions are often at a greater risk of developing disease in adulthood. This has implications as a mechanism for transmission of disease across generations. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding long‐term intergenerational implications of being born small and/or experiencing stress during pregnancy on programming outcomes.
The Monotone Complexity of k-clique on Random Graphs

It is widely suspected that Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs are a source of hard instances for clique problems. Giving further evidence for this belief, we prove the first average-case hardness result for the $k$-clique problem on monotone circuits. Specifically, we show that no monotone circuit of size $O(n^{k/4})$ solves the $k$-clique problem with high probability on $\ER(n,p)$ for two sufficiently far-apart threshold functions $p(n)$ (for instance $n^{-2/(k-1)}$ and $2n^{-2/(k-1)}$). Moreover, the exponent $k/4$ in this result is tight up to an additive constant. One technical contribution of this paper is the introduction of {\em quasi-sunflowers}, a new relaxation of sunflowers in which petals may overlap slightly on average. A ``quasi-sunflower lemma'' (\`a la the Erd\H{o}s-Rado sunflower lemma) leads to our novel lower bounds within Razborov's method of approximations.
Blind Source Separation via Generalized Eigenvalue Decomposition

In this short note we highlight the fact that linear blind source separation can be formulated as a generalized eigenvalue decomposition under the assumptions of non-Gaussian, non-stationary, or non-white independent sources. The solution for the unmixing matrix is given by the generalized eigenvectors that simultaneously diagonalize the covariance matrix of the observations and an additional symmetric matrix whose form depends upon the particular assumptions. The method critically determines the mixture coefficients and is therefore not robust to estimation errors. However it provides a rather general and unified solution that summarizes the conditions for successful blind source separation. To demonstrate the method, which can be implemented in two lines of matlab code, we present results for artificial mixtures of speech and real mixtures of electroencephalography (EEG) data, showing that the same sources are recovered under the various assumptions.
Nomenclature for sugar-binding subsites in glycosyl hydrolases.

The huge structural diversity of polysaccharides leads to their central roles in food storage and utilization, structure, cell–cell signalling, cell-wall expansion and turnover and viral invasion. Glycosyl hydrolases, enzymes hydrolysing the glycosidic bond in di-, oligoand poly-saccharides, are found in all living organisms. The first X-ray structural determination of an enzyme was of a glycosyl hydrolase: hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) [1]. Since then, over 57 sequence-based families of glycosyl hydrolases have been identified [2], and three-dimensional structures are known for representatives of over 22 of these [3]. This rapid growth of known three-dimensional structures of glycosyl hydrolases has been accompanied by a diverse and disparate array of nomenclature for the labelling of their sugar-binding subsites. In a number of depolymerizing enzymes, catalytic activity is affected by substrate-binding sites distant from the bond actually undergoing hydrolysis. Such a subsite system is not only encountered in glycosyl hydrolases, but also in proteinases and nucleases. The number of subsites, the energy of interaction of each subsite and the hydrolytic rate coefficients may be determined experimentally [4]. There is clearly a need for an appropriate and consistent nomenclature for the labelling of the subsites in glycosyl hydrolases. Sadly, the current literature is beset with problems regarding the naming of the enzyme subsites which bind saccharides. Whilst most enzymologists have chosen to use one system, the crystallographic community boasts almost as many nomenclatures as there are published papers. Comparisons between various complexes of the same enzyme are difficult, and between different enzymes, almost impossible. The fundamental basis for a consensus nomenclature must be that it allows comparison both between different enzymes with different numbers of subsites and between several complexes of the same enzyme. Two criteria are essential : it must indicate the position of the subsite relative to the point of cleavage and must not change the subsite labelling when new complexes, with extra sugar units at either the reducing or the non-reducing end, become known. We propose that the structural-biology community adopts the ®n to ­n subsite nomenclature widely used by molecular enzymologists. Subsites are labelled from ®n to ­n (where n is an integer). ®n represents the non-reducing end and ­n the reducing end, with cleavage taking place between the ®1 and ­1 subsites. Before detailing this nomenclature, we place the various labelling schemes for polysaccharide-degrading enzymes into a historical perspective and address their respective strengths and weaknesses.
Lewin Meets Confucius: A Review of the OD Model of Change

Questions have been raised in recent years about the cultural limits and overall efficacy of organization development (OD) to address the current and emerging problems of contemporary organizations. This discussion attempts to speak to both issues by examining the OD model of change, that is, Lewin's three-stage change process of unfreezing, movement, and refreezing. When the OD model is compared to the model(s) of change based in East Asian and Confucian cultural traditions, different assumptions about change are revealed. The analysis suggests that different culturally based models of change exist and are likely to lead adherents to employ different change methods and approaches. Consideration of both models as valid points to a possible synthesis that would address developmental and transformational change processes. More research into the change models and assumptions inherent in different cultures and cosmologies is needed not only to inform current OD practice but to expand the range of change theories and methods available for dealing with contemporary organizational issues.
Accuracy of Two Dipolar Inverse Algorithms Applying Reciprocity for Forward Calculation

Two inverse algorithms were applied for solving the EEG inverse problem assuming a single dipole as a source model. For increasing the efficiency of the forward computations the lead field approach based on the reciprocity theorem was applied. This method provides a procedure to calculate the computationally heavy forward problem by a single solution for each EEG lead. A realistically shaped volume conductor model with five major tissue compartments was employed to obtain the lead fields of the standard 10-20 EEG electrode system and the scalp potentials generated by simulated dipole sources. A least-squares method and a probability-based method were compared in their performance to reproduce the dipole source based on the reciprocal forward solution. The dipole localization errors were 0 to 9 mm and 2 to 22 mm without and with added noise in the simulated data, respectively. The two different inverse algorithms operated mainly very similarly. The lead field method appeared applicable for the solution of the inverse problem and especially useful when a number of sources, e.g., multiple EEG time instances, must be solved.
Discrete Molecular Dynamics Study of wild-type and Arctic-mutant ( E 22 G ) Aβ 16 − 22 Folding and Aggregation

Substantial clinical and experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that amyloid β-protein (Aβ) forms assemblies with potent neurotoxic properties that cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therapeutic targeting of these assemblies would be facilitated by the elucidation of the structural dynamics of Aβ aggregation at atomic resolution. We apply the ab initio discrete molecular dynamics approach coupled with a four-bead peptide model to study the aggregation of wild-type and Arctic-mutant (E22G) Aβ16−22, a peptide that contains the Aβ central hydrophobic cluster, Leu17–Ala21, that plays an important role in Aβ assembly. The aggregation of sixteen wild-type Aβ16−22 peptides is studied systematically under solvent conditions incorporating: (i) effective hydropathic and electrostatic interactions; (ii) no effective hydropathic interactions; and (iii) no effective electrostatic interactions. We find that at physiological temperatures initially-separated peptides aggregate into fibrillar units under condition (i). These units comprise multi-layered β-sheets with cross-β structure and an antiparallel arrangement of β-strands. Under condition (iii), β-strands are arranged either in a parallel or antiparallel manner, suggesting that electrostatic interactions control β-sheet organization. For condition (ii), no fully-formed fibrillar aggregates are observed, only occasional antiparallel β-strands. Fibrillar aggregates of Arctic-mutant Aβ16−22 peptides have parallel as well as antiparallel β-strands resembling the aggregates of wild-type Aβ16−22 peptides with no electrostatic interaction. We find that flexibility of peptide backbone is an important factor required for fibrillization. Arctic-mutant Aβ16−22 peptides oligomerize slower due to negligible role of electrostatic interaction in driving oligomerization, but fibrillize faster due to greater flexibility and ease of rearrangement with smaller volume and no charge of G22 than wild-type. It implies that electrostatic interaction cooperatively drives initial oligomerization of Aβ with hydropathic interaction.
Three-layered architecture for teleoperators and its module arrangement

In this paper, we propose an intelligent system architecture for teleoperators (e.g., planetary exploration rovers). Our proposed architecture offers advanced flexibility (variability), efficiency, scalability, and transparency. The architecture is composed of one hardware layer (bottom) and two software layers (middle and top). Because the software is divided into two layers, users are not required to actually connect the software modules. With this architecture, we aim to achieve both efficient task construction by the users and easy management of modules by the system. Moreover, to achieve high-speed data communication between software modules we use a shared memory. Using our proposed architecture, we can efficiently perform repairs and consequently enhance the functionality of teleoperator systems. Therefore, our proposed architecture can provide significant contributions to the development and operation of teleoperators.
A Game-Theoretical Power and Rate Control for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks with Step-up Price

In contention-based wireless ad hoc networks, power control is an efficient way to improve the spatial reuse by allowing multiple pairs to communicate simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretical approach for joint power and rate control in ad hoc networks, where the transmit rate of each link is maximized. Meanwhile we consider the transmit power as the cost, since higher power leads to higher interference and more energy consumption. In particular, we introduce a novel auction-like pricing algorithm in which the cost per unit power steps up until the network settles down at a Nash equilibrium, which is a feasible power and rate allocation, even when the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) requirements are initially infeasible. Numerical results show significant throughput improvement and energy consumption savings compared with the previously proposed algorithm that defers the link with minimum SINR.
Investigating Black‐White differences in prostate cancer prognosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The case‐fatality rate following a diagnosis of prostate cancer is higher for Black men compared to White men. How this elevated rate arises is uncertain, with differences in disease biology, presentation, treatment and comorbidity having been suggested. A systematic search was conducted for articles that reported ethnic differences in overall‐survival, prostate cancer specific survival (PSS) or biochemical recurrence. 48 articles met the inclusion criteria. Black men had worse overall survival (risk ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.23–1.48) but this was not due to comorbidity alone as PSS and risk of biochemical recurrence were also elevated (1.29, 95% CI 1.13–1.47 and 1.34, 95% CI 1.23–1.46, respectively). Studies adjusting for clinical predictors and socioeconomic variables no longer supported a difference in overall survival (1.01, 95% CI 0.88–1.16), but continued to find an increased risk amongst Black men for PSS (1.13, 95% CI 1.00–1.27) and biochemical recurrence (1.25, 95% CI 1.11–1.41). Similar results were seen for studies from the pre‐PSA era and free‐health care settings. In contrast to others, studies of metastatic cancer did not find evidence of Black‐White differences (p for interaction = 0.01). In conclusion, Black men had a poorer prognosis which was not fully explained by comorbidity, PSA screening, or access to free health care, although few studies measure these factors well. Either management differences for local disease and/or biological differences may be behind Black‐White differences in prostate cancer prognosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ADRB2 Arg16Gly Polymorphism, Lung Function, and Mortality: Results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Background Growing evidence suggests that the Arg16Arg genotype of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene may be associated with adverse effects of beta-agonist therapy. We sought to examine the association of beta-agonist use and the Arg16Gly polymorphism with lung function and mortality among participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Methodology and Principal Findings We genotyped study participants and analyzed the association of the Arg16Gly polymorphism and beta-agonist use with lung function at baseline and clinical examination three years later and with all-cause mortality during 10 years of follow-up. Lung function was characterized by percent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second. Associations were examined separately for blacks and whites. Black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype had better lung function at baseline and at the second clinical visit than those with Arg/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes. Adjusted mean percent-predicted FEV1 was 21% higher in Arg/Arg subjects compared to Gly/Gly at baseline (p = 0.01) and 20% higher than Gly/Gly at visit 2 (p = 0.01). Arg/Gly subjects had adjusted percent-predicted FEV1 17% lower than Arg/Arg at baseline but were similar to Arg/Arg subjects at visit 2. Although black beta-agonist users with the Arg/Arg genotype appeared to have better crude survival rates, the association between genotype and all-cause mortality was inconclusive. We found no difference in lung function or mortality by genotype among blacks who did not use beta-agonists or among whites, regardless of beta-agonist use. Conclusions Black beta-agonist users with the ADRB2 Arg16Arg genotype had better lung function, and, possibly, better overall survival compared to black beta-agonist users with the Gly16Gly genotype. Our findings highlight the need for additional studies of sufficient size and statistical power to allow examination of outcomes among beta-agonist users of different races and genotypes.
Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Quality: The Successful Strategy of a Newly Established Institution: The Example of Wy sza Szko ^ a Biznesu-National Louis University in Nowy Sacz

The success of the Polish private tertiary-level business school, Wy  sza Szko ^ a Biznesu-National Louis University (WSB-NLU) in Nowy Sacz, is discussed and analyzed. The reasons for the success of this institution in filling a niche are underlined. While, at the start, the institution was designed as one that would meet local educational needs in a specialized field, it has evolved and has taken on national and even international importance. Most of the institutional success is attributed to the drive and entrepreneurial spirit of the Rector. WSB-NLU is a positive example of education and business enterprise, flexibility, and effectiveness in gaining competitive advantage.
Unlabelled 3D Motion Examples Improve Cross-View Action Recognition

We demonstrate a novel strategy for unsupervised cross-view action recognition using multi-view feature synthesis. We do not rely on cross-view video annotations to transfer knowledge across views, but use local features generated using motion capture data to learn the feature transformation. Motion capture data allows us to build a feature level correspondence between two synthesized views. We learn a feature mapping scheme for each view change by making a naive assumption that all features transform independently. This assumption along with the exact feature correspondences dramatically simplifies learning. With this learned mapping we are able to “hallucinate” action descriptors corresponding to different viewpoints. This simple approach effectively models the transformation of BoW based action descriptors under viewpoint change and outperforms the state of the art on the INRIA IXMAS dataset.