Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of phenotypic variation: repeatability, heritability and size-dependent processes in a wild brook trout population

Phenotypic variation in body size can result from within‐cohort variation in birth dates, among‐individual growth variation and size‐selective processes. We explore the relative effects of these processes on the maintenance of wide observed body size variation in stream‐dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Based on the analyses of multiple recaptures of individual fish, it appears that size distributions are largely determined by the maintenance of early size variation. We found no evidence for size‐dependent compensatory growth (which would reduce size variation) and found no indication that size‐dependent survival substantially influenced body size distributions. Depensatory growth (faster growth by larger individuals) reinforced early size variation, but was relatively strong only during the first sampling interval (age‐0, fall). Maternal decisions on the timing and location of spawning could have a major influence on early, and as our results suggest, later (>age‐0) size distributions. If this is the case, our estimates of heritability of body size (body length = 0.25) will be dominated by processes that generate and maintain early size differences. As a result, evolutionary responses to environmental change that are mediated by body size may be largely expressed via changes in the timing and location of reproduction.
GEMINI NEAR-IR PHOTOMETRY OF THE ARCHES CLUSTER NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER

We present Near-IR photometry of the Arches cluster, a young and massive stellar cluster near the Galactic center. We have analyzed the high resolution (FWHM 0.2") Hand K` band images in the Galactic Center Demonstration Science Data Set, which were obtained with the Gemini/Hokupa`s adaptive optics (AO) system. We present the color-magnitude diagram, the luminosity function and the initial mass function (IMF) of the stars in the Arches cluster in comparison with the HST/NICMOS data. The IMF slope for the range of 1.0 )
Extracting the Green's function from the correlation of coda waves: a derivation based on stationary phase.

The Green's function of waves that propagate between two receivers can be found by cross-correlating multiply scattered waves recorded at these receivers. This technique obviates the need for a source at one of these locations, and is therefore called "passive imaging. " This principle has been explained by assuming that the normal modes of the system are uncorrelated and that all carry the same amount of energy (equipartitioning). Here I present an alternative derivation of passive imaging of the ballistic wave that is not based on normal modes. The derivation is valid for scalar waves in three dimensions, and for elastic surface waves. Passive imaging of the ballistic wave is based on the destructive interference of waves radiated from scatterers away from the receiver line, and the constructive interference of waves radiated from secondary sources near the receiver line. The derivation presented here shows that the global requirement of the equipartitioning of normal modes can be relaxed to the local requirement that the scattered waves propagate on average isotropically near the receivers.
Finding and Fixing Type Mismatches in the Evolution of Object-NoSQL Mappings

NoSQL data stores are popular backends for managing big data that is evolving over time: Due to their schema-flexibility, a new release of the application does not require a full migration of data already persisted in production. Instead, using object-NoSQL mappers, developers can specify lazy data migrations that are executed on-the-fly, when a legacy entity is loaded into the application. This paper features ControVol, an IDE plugin that tracks evolutionary changes in object-NoSQL mappings, such as adding, renaming, or removing an attribute, which may conflict with entities already persisted in production. If not resolved prior to launch of the new application, harmful evolutionary changes can cause runtime exceptions or data loss. In this demo, we focus on a novel feature of ControVol, detecting changes to attribute types that are not backwards-compatible with legacy entities. When such changes occur, ControVol issues warnings, and upon the request of developers, assists in safely carrying out type changes.
Study on Association Rules Mining Based Chinese Text Representation

In this paper, the problem of text representation in the process of text mining is mainly discussed. The paper focuses on how to simplify the text model in advance of the construction of term-by-document matrix. By using association rules mining method to find the highly correlative words to form words-set, the vocabulary set is decreased effectively, which leads to the text modelpsilas simplification directly. During this process, some incremental update problems of text representation are also introduced. In the end, a simulation case validate that the method is not only efficient but also helpful to the further text clustering.
Score and Rank Aggregation Methods For Explicit Search Result Diversification

Search result diversification is one of the key tec hniques to cope with the ambiguous and/or underspecified information needs of the web users. In the last few years, strategies that are based on the explicit knowledge of query aspects em erged as highly effective ways of diversifying the search results. Our contributions i this work are two-fold. First, we extensively evaluate the performance of a state-ofthe-art explicit diversification strategy and pin-point its weaknesses. We propose basic yet nove l ptimizations to remedy these weaknesses and boost the performance of this algori thm. As a second contribution, inspired from the success of the current diversification str ategies that exploit the relevance of the candidate documents to individual query aspects, we cast the diversification problem to the problem of ranking aggregation. To this end, we pro pose to materialize the re-rankings of the candidate documents for each query aspect and then merge these rankings by adapting the score(-based) and rank(-based) aggregation methods. Our extensive experimental evaluations show that certain ranking aggregation methods are s uperior to the existing explicit diversification strategies in terms of the diversif ication effectiveness. Furthermore, these ranking aggregation methods have lower computationa l complexity than the state-of-the-art diversification strategies.
Hilar mossy cell circuitry controlling dentate granule cell excitability

Glutamatergic hilar mossy cells of the dentate gyrus can either excite or inhibit distant granule cells, depending on whether their direct excitatory projections to granule cells or their projections to local inhibitory interneurons dominate. However, it remains controversial whether the net effect of mossy cell loss is granule cell excitation or inhibition. Clarifying this controversy has particular relevance to temporal lobe epilepsy, which is marked by dentate granule cell hyperexcitability and extensive loss of dentate hilar mossy cells. Two diametrically opposed hypotheses have been advanced to explain this granule cell hyperexcitability—the “dormant basket cell” and the “irritable mossy cell” hypotheses. The “dormant basket cell” hypothesis proposes that mossy cells normally exert a net inhibitory effect on granule cells and therefore their loss causes dentate granule cell hyperexcitability. The “irritable mossy cell” hypothesis takes the opposite view that mossy cells normally excite granule cells and that the surviving mossy cells in epilepsy increase their activity, causing granule cell excitation. The inability to eliminate mossy cells selectively has made it difficult to test these two opposing hypotheses. To this end, we developed a transgenic toxin-mediated, mossy cell-ablation mouse line. Using these mutants, we demonstrated that the extensive elimination of hilar mossy cells causes granule cell hyperexcitability, although the mossy cell loss observed appeared insufficient to cause clinical epilepsy. In this review, we focus on this topic and also suggest that different interneuron populations may mediate mossy cell-induced translamellar lateral inhibition and intralamellar recurrent inhibition. These unique local circuits in the dentate hilar region may be centrally involved in the functional organization of the dentate gyrus.
When girls have no opportunities and women have neither time nor energy: the participation of Muslim female cleaners in recreational physical activity

Abstract Statistics about the recreational physical activity (PA) of minority ethnic Muslim women reveal very low participation rates. Drawing on approaches to socialization and Bourdieu’s concepts of habitus and taste, the aim of this study was to investigate the (lack of) PA participation of Muslim minority ethnic women in Denmark and to identify key influences which shape(d) their PA attitudes and practices. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 female migrant cleaners from various non-Western countries. The interviews revealed that a lack of previous experience of sport and recreational PA and life circumstances constrained participation in recreational PA. In contrast, religion did not provide an explanation for the women’s lack of engagement in recreational PA.
Correspondence and identity constraints in two-level Optimality Theory

Sharon Inkelas. Although I have not been able to address all the points raised in these discussions, I am now aware of many more interesting issues, thanks to these people. One goal of post-SPE generative phonology has been to constrain possible input-output pairs. While SPE (Chomsky and Halle 1968) permitted any input-output pair to be stipulated, later work in Autosegmental Phonology and Feature Geometry (see Goldsmith 1990 for an overview) restricted rules and representations so as to constrain input-output relations. In particular, a given rule could target only a single node in a feature-geometric representation and was restricted to one of the following operations: spreading, delinking, insertion, or deletion. While it is not clear that these restrictions had any effect on the formal power of the theory, they resulted in a reflection of markedness that many linguists
Structured low rank tracker with smoothed regularization

In this paper, we propose a structured low rank learning algorithm with smoothed regularization for robust object tracking, under particle filter framework. Specifically, the relationships among the particles are exploited with structured low rank regularization term, and simultaneously handle the outlier using a group sparsity regularization. The label information from training data is incorporated into the tracking objective function as the classification error term and idea coding regularization term respectively. By the smoothed regularization, the developed structured low rank learning based tracker can be efficiently solved by iterative reweighed least squares algorithm(IRLS), and avoids svd operation. Moreover, the collaborate normalized metric is developed to find the best candidate. Compared with some state-of-the-art tracking methods on 50 challenging sequences, the proposed algorithms perform well in terms of accuracy, robustness.
Real-time quasi-static ultrasound elastography

Ultrasound elastography is a technique used for clinical imaging of tissue stiffness with a conventional ultrasound machine. It was first proposed two decades ago, but active research continues in this area to the present day. Numerous clinical applications have been investigated, mostly related to cancer imaging, and though these have yet to prove conclusive, the technique has seen increasing commercial and clinical interest. This paper presents a review of the most widely adopted, non-quantitative, techniques focusing on technical innovations rather than clinical applications. The review is not intended to be exhaustive, concentrating instead on placing the various techniques in context according to the authors' perspective of the field.
Vision Guided Robot Gripping Systems

Industrial robots are used customary without any embedded sensors. They rely on a predictable pose of an object (position and orientation in 6 degrees of freedom, 6DOF) when performing the task of gripping parts located for instance on palettes or assembly lines. In practice though, a part can easily deviate from its ideal nominal location and a robot having no embedded sensors can miss or crash into the object. This would lead to damages and downtime of such an assembly line.
Investigating the development of chemotherapeutic drug resistance in cancer: A multiscale computational study

Chemotherapy is one of the most important therapeutic options used to treat human cancers, either alone or in combination with radiation therapy and surgery. Recent studies have indicated that intra-tumoural heterogeneity has a significant role in driving resistance to chemotherapy in many human malignancies. Multiple factors including the internal cell-cycle dynamics and the external microenvironement contribute to the intra-tumoural heterogeneity. In this paper we present a hybrid, multiscale, individual-based mathematical model, incorporating internal cell-cycle dynamics and changes in oxygen concentration, to study the effects of delivery of several different chemotherapeutic drugs on the heterogeneous subpopulations of cancer cells with varying cell-cycle dynamics. The computational simulation results from the multiscale model are in good agreement with available experimental data and support the hypothesis that slow-cycling sub-populations of tumour cells within a growing tumour mass can induce drug resistance to chemotherapy and thus the use of conventional chemotherapy may actually result in the emergence of dominant, therapy-resistant, slow-cycling subpopulations of tumour cells. Our results indicate that the appearance of this chemotherapeutic resistance is mainly due to the inability of the administered drug to target all cancer cells irrespective of the stage in the cell-cycle they are in i.e. most chemotherapeutic drugs target cells in a particular phase/phases of the cell-cycle, and hence always spare some cancer cells that are not in the targeted cell-cycle phase/phases. The results also suggest that this cell-cycle-mediated drug resistance may be overcome by using multiple doses of cell-cycle, phase-specific chemotherapy that targets cells in all phases and its appropriate sequencing and scheduling.
Development of the Self-Regulation of Learning in Sports Scale

Adequately assessing not only the quantity but also the quality of practice is important for achieving high-level performance among sports athletes. We aimed to develop the Self-Regulation of Learning in Sports Scale based on the Self-Regulation of Learning Self-Report Scale (SRL-SRS; Toering et al., 2012) and to verify its predictive validity in measuring the quality of practice. Five hundred and eight university students belonging to physical activity clubs completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis showed five subscales with a factor structure similar to the original questionnaire (SRLSRS): planning, self-monitoring, effort, self-efficacy, and evaluation / reflection. Each subscale and fivefactor model was demonstrated to be reliable and valid on reliability and confirmatory factor analyses, respectively. Additionally, we examined the relationship between each subscale score and the actual competition level of students. As a result, international-, national-, and area-level students showed significantly higher scores than prefecture-level students on some subscales, which supports the predictive validity of this scale. Thus, the Self-Regulation of Learning in Sports Scale, incorporating five subscales (37 items), was developed for the measurement of the quality of practice.
Uncharacteristic Phenomenon in the Nonisothermal Taylor-Couette Flow

We report an uncharacteristic discontinuity locus numerically observed in the 2D nonisothermal Taylor-Couette flow at Re=85 to 622. Five numerical experiments were performed in order to study this phenomenon at different angular velocities. The Navier-Stokes equations were solved in the discretised X-Y space using a finite volume, pressure based approach for the unsteady flow between two concentric cylinders. The inner cylinder was subjected to constant heat flux and constant angular velocity, while the outer cylinder was fixed and maintained at constant temperature. The ratio between the outer and inner cylinder diameters was restricted to the Golden Ratio.
Utility of the Modified Mini Screen (MMS) for screening mental health disorders in a prison population

The rate of incarcerated individuals in the United States continues to grow. At midyear 2005 the Nation’s prisons and jails incarcerated 2,186,230 persons. (Bureau of Justice 1). Prison systems are in need of a brief mental health-screening tool that rapidly and readily identifies mental illness and cooccurring substance abuse in inmates to improve the approach to mental health diagnosis and treatment throughout an offender’s incarceration. This study was designed to assess whether the Modified Mini Screen (MMS) is a valid screening measure for identifying mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychotic disorders in newly admitted inmates during the intake and reception process in prisons. For this study, 130 individual’s MMS scores were compared with results from the Brief Symptom Inventory to determine the proportion in each group with mental illness. Findings show concurrent validity for age, ethnicity, level of education, and history of substance abuse and mental health. Concurrent validity of the MMS with the BSI was better for females than for males for. Results suggest that the sensitivity of the MMS is somewhat weak, as it only has a 55% chance of correctly identifying a mentally ill individual as being mentally ill. For females, the sensitivity of MMS was 87.5%, while the specificity was 100%. Moreover, for males, the sensitivity of MMS was 46.9%, while the specificity was 95.6%. These results suggest that the concurrent validity of the MMS with the BSI was better for females than for males for in this study sample.
Eastern European Political Cultures: Modeling Studies

The paper reviews social-psychological literature on the organization of social attitudes, or the structure of ideology. Research on this topic started nearly eight decades ago, inspired by the research on the structure of intellectual abilities. Since then, a large body of literature has been generated, which has not been systematically reviewed. Despite the long tradition, this literature has not resulted in proportional cumulative scientific development. It is hoped that this paper may help in this regard by listing the relevant studies, examining the research methodology and the main findings. The review ends with the critical summary of the main findings and methodological problems, and recommendations for the future research.
The assessment of mental health in looked-after adolescents : an exploratory study of the brief assessment checklist for adolescents

Objective: The study aimed to investigate the suitability of the Brief Assessment Checklist for Adolescents (BAC-A) as a mental health screening tool for Looked-after adolescents compared to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Design: The study was a mixed methods design incorporating quantitative and qualitative data. Data was gathered via: Online survey, telephone interviews with foster carers, and focus groups with mental health professionals. Participants: A volunteer sample of foster carers (N = 111) completed an online survey after which eight foster carers volunteered to participate in qualitative interviews. In addition, two focus groups were conducted with mental health practitioners from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the South of England (N = 9). Results: The findings of a correlational analysis confirmed predicted associations between BAC-A and SDQ scores. Multiple regression analyses suggested BAC-A Total score was significantly predicted by SDQ Total and subscales Emotional and Conduct Difficulties. The BAC-A evidenced good internal reliability (α = .89) however analyses suggested some instability across SDQ subscales (range .89 to .66). Exploration of BAC-A internal structure yielded inconclusive results which may have been due to sample size limitations. Qualitative analyses suggested the BAC-A is relevant for Looked-after adolescents but participants raised concerns about item wording and measure specificity. Conclusions: The results provided evidence of scale validity and internal reliability and suggested the BAC-A may be valuable when screening for externalising attachment behaviours. Further investigation with a larger sample is required before conclusions can be made regarding the BAC-A’s internal structure. The BAC-A is relevant to Looked-after adolescents and may raise the profile of trauma amongst professionals. However limitations of scope and wording suggest it would be most valuable when used in conjunction with existing measures of general psychopathology. Keywords:Looked-after, adolescents, developmental trauma, assessment
A TOPSIS method for vehicle route selection in seaports — A real case analysis of a container terminal in North West Europe

This paper studies the feasibility of using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method to identify the optimal travel routes of Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs) from a set (i.e. database) of potential routes of vehicles in a container terminal. It allows routes to be arranged in a ranked list to provide a real time on-demand response to a routing request by the system's controller. The study sets out the desirability of a system that is capable of reacting quickly to changes in circumstance, necessary in a dynamic real-life scenario. The concept offered by the proposed system distinguishes between the traditional role of a human operator and newer fully automated models in vehicle management. The evaluations and analyses in this study demonstrate that the construction of a database-style management system enables a reliable IAV operation in small-scale container ports with standard logical yard layouts.
Immunocytochemical Localization of the Menkes Copper Transport Protein (ATP7A) to the Trans-Golgi Network

Abstract We have generated polyclonal antibodies against the amino-terminal third of the Menkes protein (ATP7A; MNK) by immunizing rabbits with a histidine-tagged MNK fusion construct containing metal-binding domains 1–4. The purified antibodies were used in Western analysis of cell lysates and in indirect immunofluorescence experiments on cultured cells. On Western blots, the antibodies recognized the ∼165 kDa MNK protein in CHO cells and human fibroblasts. No MNK signal could be detected in fibroblasts from a patient with Menkes disease or in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells, confirming the specificity of the antibodies. Immunocytochemical analysis of CHO cells and human fibroblasts showed a distinct perinuclear signal corresponding to the pattern of the Golgi complex. This staining pattern was similar to that of α-mannosidase II which is a known resident enzyme of the Golgi complex. Using brefeldin A, a fungal inhibitor of protein secretion, we further demonstrated that the MNK protein is localized to the trans-Golgi network. This data provides direct evidence for a subcellular localization of the MNK protein which is similar to the proposed vacuolar localization of Ccc2p, the yeast homolog of MNK and WND (ATP7B), the Wilson disease gene product. In light of the proposed role of MNK both in subcellular copper trafficking and in copper efflux, these data suggest a model for how these two processes are linked and represent an important step in the functional analysis of the MNK protein.