Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Physical and Chemical Status of Pre-Protostellar Core B68

We have investigated the physical and chemical status of the pre-protostellar core B68. A previous extinction study suggested that the density profile of B68 is remarkably consistent with a Bonnor-Ebert sphere with 2.1 M⊙ at 16 K. We mapped B68 in C3H2, CCS, and NH3 with the Deep Space Network (DSN) 70 m telescope at Goldstone. Our results show that the NH3 peak coincides with the dust continuum peak, whereas CCS and C3H2 are offset from the NH3 and dust peaks. The B68 chemical structure is consistent with that seen in other such pre-protostellar cores (L1498 and L1544) and is explained by time-dependent chemical models that include depletion. We measured the kinetic temperature of B68 with NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) spectra obtained with a DSN 34 m telescope. We find that the kinetic temperature of B68 is only 11 K, which is significantly lower than that previously assumed. We also derive the nonthermal line width in B68 and show that B68 is thermally dominated with little contribution from turbulence support (less than 10%). We consider a modified Bonnor-Ebert sphere to include effects of turbulence and magnetic fields and use it to constrain the uncertainties in its distance determination. We conclude that the distance to B68 is ∼95 pc with a corresponding mass of ∼1.0 M⊙. If some magnetic field is present, it can be further away (beyond ∼100 pc) and still satisfy the density structure of a Bonnor-Ebert sphere. The sulfur (CS and CCS) and carbon chain (C3H2) molecules are heavily depleted in B68 and do not trace the dense interior region. We see some evidence for depletion of NH3 at the core center roughly on a scale similar to that of N2H+. Our observations do not preclude any instability such as the onset of collapse, or slow contraction, occurring in the center of the core, which cannot be resolved with our beam size (45″).
Introduction: overview of the clinical studies program.

THE IMPETUS for the NIMH-Clinical Research Branch Collaborative Program on the Psychobiology of Depression stemmed from the growing concern with depression as a U.S. public health problem and the growing awareness that there had been some striking changes over the past 20 years in our conception of the nature and etiology of the affective disorders. New findings in the area of genetics and biochemistry inspired hypotheses implicating the chemistry of the endocrine and central nervous systems in ways quite different than had been thought in the past. There was reason to believe that we were on the verge of linking physiology, psychosocial factors, and behavior in these disorders, which would eventually make possible the development of a coherent and valid psychobiologic theory ofdepression. However, serious methodologic problems and the practical difficulties intrinsic to clinical research had seriously retarded progress toward this objective. Because of these developments and the perceived
Hungarian named entity recognition with a maximum entropy approach

In the analysis of natural language text a key step is named entity recognition, finding all complex noun phrases that denote persons, organizations, locations, and other entities designated by a name. In this paper we introduce the hunner open source language-independent named entity recognition system, and present results for Hungarian. When the input to hmmer is already morphologically analyzed, we apply the system together with the hunpos morphological disambiguator, but hunner is also capable of working on raw (morphologically unanalyzed) text.
The Machinery at Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Contact Sites Contributes to Spatial Regulation of Multiple Legionella Effector Proteins

The Dot/Icm system of the intracellular pathogen Legionella pneumophila has the capacity to deliver over 270 effector proteins into host cells during infection. Important questions remain as to spatial and temporal mechanisms used to regulate such a large array of virulence determinants after they have been delivered into host cells. Here we investigated several L. pneumophila effector proteins that contain a conserved phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P)-binding domain first described in the effector DrrA (SidM). This PI4P binding domain was essential for the localization of effectors to the early L. pneumophila-containing vacuole (LCV), and DrrA-mediated recruitment of Rab1 to the LCV required PI4P-binding activity. It was found that the host cell machinery that regulates sites of contact between the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) modulates PI4P dynamics on the LCV to control localization of these effectors. Specifically, phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase IIIα (PI4KIIIα) was important for generating a PI4P signature that enabled L. pneumophila effectors to localize to the PM-derived vacuole, and the ER-associated phosphatase Sac1 was involved in metabolizing the PI4P on the vacuole to promote the dissociation of effectors. A defect in L. pneumophila replication in macrophages deficient in PI4KIIIα was observed, highlighting that a PM-derived PI4P signature is critical for biogenesis of a vacuole that supports intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila. These data indicate that PI4P metabolism by enzymes controlling PM-ER contact sites regulate the association of L. pneumophila effectors to coordinate early stages of vacuole biogenesis.
Predicting acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: data from quantitative electroencephalography, event-related potentials, and a continuous-performance test

Background The aim of this study was to search for predictors of acute side effects of stimulant medication in pediatric attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), emphasizing variables from quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG), event-related potentials (ERPs), and behavior data from a visual continuous-performance test (VCPT). Methods Seventy medication-naïve ADHD patients aged 7–16 years were tested with QEEG, including a go/no-go task condition (VCPT) from which behavior data and ERPs were extracted, followed by a systematic trial on stimulant medication lasting at least 4 weeks. Based on data from rating scales and interviews, two psychologists who were blind to the QEEG/ERP test results independently rated the patients as having no or small side effects (n = 37) or troublesome side effects (n = 33). We determined if the side effects were related to sex, age, IQ, ADHD subtype, comorbidities, clinical outcome, and variables in QEEG, ERPs, and VCPT. Results There was a moderate negative correlation between clinical outcome and side effects. Three variables were significantly associated with side effects in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. In the ERP independent component – contingent negative variation – which reflected action preparation and time evaluation, patients with high amplitudes (close to normal values) experienced more side effects than patients with lower amplitudes. A faster-than-normal reaction time in VCPT was associated with side effects, as was a high amplitude in an early ERP component (early visual independent component), reported to be influenced by attention, perceptual sensitivity, and anxiety. Conclusion The group with troublesome side effects had normal action-preparation electrical brain activity, a faster-than-normal reaction time, and an increased level of anxiety (measured by ERP) compared with the no side-effects group.
Value-at-Risk for long and short trading positions

In this paper we model Value-at-Risk (VaR) for daily stock index returns using a collection of parametric models of the ARCH family based on the skewed Student distribution. We show that models that rely on a symmetric density distribution for the error term underperform with respect to skewed density models when the left and right tails of the distribution of returns must be modelled. Thus, VaR for traders having both long and short positions is not adequately modelled using usual Normal or Student distributions. We suggest using an APARCH model based on the skewed Student distribution to fully take into account the fat left and right tails of the returns distribution. This allows for an adequate modelling of large returns defined on long and short trading positions. The performances of all models are assessed on daily data for the CAC40, DAX, NASDAQ, NIKKEI and SMI stock indexes. We also compute the expected short-fall and the average multiple of tail event to risk measure for the new model.
A Fuzzy-ANP Approach to Cooperation Risk Evaluation of Virtual Logistics Enterprise

Cooperation risk evaluation of virtual logistics enterprise is a typical multi-attribute measurement problem, which relates to many attributes and the relationships among them are very complex. A fuzzy analytic network process (F-ANP) approach was presented in this paper to evaluate the cooperation risk of virtual logistics enterprise. The F-ANP approach is not only capable of handling interdependence among elements by obtaining the composite weights of all the evaluation criteria through the development of a super matrix but also improves the human judgment on pairwise comparison scale of the evaluation criteria involving imprecise and vague with use of triangular fuzzy numbers. This paper also proposed an evaluation indexes system for the problem. A numerical example illustrates the approach is efficient.
Speaker tracking and detection with multiple speakers

We describe a speaker tracking and detection system, for Switchboard conversations, that uses a two-speaker and silence hidden Markov model (HMM) with a minimum state duration constraint and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) state distributions adapted from a single gender- and handset-independent imposter model distribution. Speaker tracking is used to segment speakers for detection, which is carried out by averaging frame scores of the Viterbi path and HNORM’ing via a novel parameter interpolation extension of HNORM for use with files of arbitrary lengths. Use of duration statistics augmenting the acoustic scores is also introduced via a nonlinear combination function. Results are reported on the NIST 1998 Multispeaker development evaluation dataset.
Constrained image restoration with a multinomial prior

A Bayesian image processing model is proposed based on, a Markovian multinomial prior. The technique has application in texture segmentation where its introduction of spatial context can improve segmentation accuracy by 60%. Other applications include general image restoration where 18 dB SNR improvement is possible. In addition, the computational complexity of the system is low, making it ideal as a component part of other systems. We show quantitative experiments to illustrate the performance of the algorithm, and groundtruth examples are provided to show the effect in practice.
A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location

An effective technique in locating a source based on intersections of hyperbolic curves defined by the time differences of arrival of a signal received at a number of sensors is proposed. The approach is noniterative and gives an explicit solution. It is an approximate realization of the maximum-likelihood estimator and is shown to attain the Cramer-Rao lower bound near the small error region. Comparisons of performance with existing techniques of beamformer, spherical-interpolation, divide and conquer, and iterative Taylor-series methods are made. The proposed technique performs significantly better than spherical-interpolation, and has a higher noise threshold than divide and conquer before performance breaks away from the Cramer-Rao lower bound. It provides an explicit solution form that is not available in the beamforming and Taylor-series methods. Computational complexity is comparable to spherical-interpolation but substantially less than the Taylor-series method. >
Data Mining Approach Using Apriori Algorithm: The Review

Mining frequent itemsets is one of the most investigated fields in data mining. It is a fundamental and crucial task. In data mining approach, the quantitative attributes should be appropriately dealt with as well as the Boolean attributes. Apriori Algorithm is one the best methods to extract the frequent mining Data Set. This paper gives us a brief review of apriori algorithm along with its uses to various fields and with various algorithms.
Exploration in the Experiment Space : The Relationship between Systematicity and Performance

Much of the research on scientific reasoning has investigated the use of explicit, hypothesis-testing strategies. However, there is evidence that scientific reasoning problems can be solved by exploration of the experiment space. This study investigates the strategies by which people explore the experiment space and examines the relationship between the systematicity of this search and successful per-
Integrated Airline Planning

The tactical planning process of an airline is typically decomposed into several stages among which fleeting, aircraft routing, and crew pairing form the core. In such a decomposed and sequential approach the output of fleeting forms the input to aircraft routing and crew pairing. In turn, the output to aircraft routing is part of the input to crew pairing. Due to the decomposition, the resulting solution is often suboptimal. We propose a model that integrates these three stages and thus yields a simultaneous solution to all three problems. We design two solution methodologies to solve the model. One is based on a combination of Lagrangian relaxation and column generation while the other one is the Benders decomposition approach. We give computational experiments for a variety of instances obtained by a major carrier.
Normal, benign, preneoplastic, and malignant prostate cells have distinct protein expression profiles resolved by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to discover protein biomarkers that differentiate malignant from nonmalignant cell populations, especially early protein alterations that signal the initiation of a developing cancer. We hypothesized that Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry-assisted protein profiling could detect these protein alterations. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Epithelial cell populations [benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and prostate cancer (PCA)] were procured from nine prostatectomy specimens using laser capture microdissection. Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis was performed on cell lysates, and the relative intensity levels of each protein or peptide in the mass spectra was calculated and compared for each cell type. RESULTS Several small molecular mass peptides or proteins (3000-5000 Da) were found in greater abundance in PIN and PCA cell lysates. Another peak, with an average mass of 5666 Da, was observed to be up-regulated in 86% of the BPH cell lysates. Higher levels of this same peak were found in only 22% of the PIN lysates and none of the PCA lysates. Expression differences were also found for intracellular levels of prostate-specific antigen, which were reduced in PIN and PCA cells when compared with matched normals. Although no single protein alteration was observed in all PIN/PCA samples, combining two or more of the markers was effective in distinguishing the benign cell types (normal/BPH) from diseased cell types (PIN/PCA). Logistic regression analysis using seven differentially expressed proteins resulted in a predictive equation that correctly distinguished the diseased lysates with a sensitivity and specificity of 93.3 and 93.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that the protein profiles from prostate cells with different disease states have discriminating differences. These differentially regulated proteins are potential markers for early detection and/or risk factors for development of prostate cancer. Studies are under way to identify these protein/peptides, with the goal of developing a diagnostic test for the early detection of prostate cancer.
Independence of logic database queries and update

A query is independent of an update if executing the update cannot change the result of evaluating the query. The theorems of this paper give methods for proving independence in concrete cases, taking into account integrity constraints, recursive rules, and arbitrary queries. First we define the notion of independence model-theoretically, and we prove basic properties of the concept. Then we provide proof-theoretic conditions for a conjunctive query to be independent of an update. Finally, we prove correct an induction scheme for showing that a recursive query is independent of an update.
High Prevalence of Supine Sleep in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background and Purpose— Sleep apnea is very common after stroke and is associated with poor outcome. Supine sleep is known to exacerbate apneas in the general sleep apnea population. We therefore investigated the pattern of sleep positions in the acute stroke period. Methods— Inpatients with acute ischemic stroke underwent full polysomnography that included continuous monitoring of sleep positions. Sleep apnea severity was measured using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). Stroke severity was measured by the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of study enrollment by certified study personnel. Percent total sleep time spent in the supine position was calculated and compared by stroke severity based on a median split of NIHSS using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results— Of the 30 patients, the median age was 67. The median AHI was 23 (IQR: 6, 47). Twenty-two patients (73%) had sleep apnea with an AHI ≥5. The vast majority of sleep time among the stroke cases was spent supine, with a median percent sleep time spent supine of 100 (IQR: 62, 100). The majority (63%) of subjects spent no time asleep in any of the nonsupine positions (prone, left, right). Median percent sleep time supine was 100 (IQR: 100, 100) in those with a higher NIHSS and 63 (IQR: 51, 100) in those with a lower NIHSS (P<0.01). Conclusions— Given the high prevalence of supine sleep identified, research into positional therapy for stroke patients with sleep apnea seems warranted.
Notice of RetractionComparative study of Jorden and Elman model of neural network for short term flood forecasting

The artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been applied to various hydrologic problems recently. This research demonstrates a temporal approach by applying Jordan and Elman network for rainfall-runoff modeling for the upper area of Wardha River in India. The model is developed by processing online data over time using recurrent connections. Methodologies and techniques of the two models are presented in this paper and a comparison of the short term runoff prediction results between them is also conducted. The prediction results of the Jordan network indicate a satisfactory performance in the three hours ahead of time prediction. The conclusions also indicate that the Jordan network is more versatile than Elman model and can be considered as an alternate and practical tool for predicting short term flood flow.
The Effects of Methanolic Extract of Melissa officinalis on Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats

Background Melissa officinalis (MO) has potent antioxidant activity. Recent research has demonstrated the anti-ulcer properties of some medicinal plants through their antioxidant properties. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of methanolic extracts of MO on experimental gastric ulcers in rats. Materials and Methods Male Wistar rats (200 - 250 g) were starved for 24 hours prior to the induction of gastric ulceration by either indomethacin (48 mg/kg/oral) or water immersion restraint (WIR) stress. Experimental rats received either ranitidine (25 mg/kg) or MO extract (150, 300 and 450mg/kg) orally 2 hours prior to WIR stress or indomethacin treatment, for the evaluation of their gastroprotective effects. The control group received the same volume of saline. Gastric lesions were scored according to the surface of lesions on the ulcer index. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined as measures of antioxidant defense, and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined to measure tissue oxidation. Results MO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer index in both the indomethacin (1.3 ± 0.09 and 1.5 ± 0.19, respectively) and WIR stress groups (1.5 ± 0.17 and 1.5 ± 0.22, respectively), as compared to the control rats (2.5 ± 0.28) (P < 0.01). MO extract (450 mg/kg) significantly reduced ulcer index readings in WIR stress rats (1.8 ± 0.31 vs. 2.4 ± 0.15 in the WIR group), however, MO extract at a dose of 450 mg/kg did not prevent indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration (2.4 ± 0.26). There was no significant difference in the ulcer index for MO extract- (150 and 300 mg/kg) and ranitidine-treated rats (P > 0.05). Also, MO extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced MDA serum levels (0.69 ± 0.6 µmol/L and 0.85 ± 0.24 µmol/L, respectively, vs. 4.5 ± 1.9 µmol/L in the saline group) and significantly increased antioxidants’ SOD activities (296.3 ± 146.4 U/mL and 561.4 ± 120 U/mL, respectively, vs. 190.2 ± 63.8U/mL in the control group) and GPX levels (8273 ± 3049 U/mL and 14574 ± 5012 U/mL, respectively), compared to the control (3236 ± 1699 U/mL). Conclusions Our results showed that MO extract may have a gastroprotective effect against experimental gastric ulcers in rats. The exact mechanism has not yet been determined, but it may be due to enhancing enzymatic antioxidant defenses and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.
Eurographics/ Ieee-vgtc Symposium on Visualization 2010 Winding Roads: Routing Edges into Bundles

Visualizing graphs containing many nodes and edges efficiently is quite challenging. Drawings of such graphs generally suffer from visual clutter induced by the large amount of edges and their crossings. Consequently, it is difficult to read the relationships between nodes and the high-level edge patterns that may exist in standard node-link diagram representations. Edge bundling techniques have been proposed to help solve this issue, which rely on high quality edge rerouting. In this paper, we introduce an intuitive edge bundling technique which efficiently reduces edge clutter in graphs drawings. Our method is based on the use of a grid built using the original graph to compute the edge rerouting. In comparison with previously proposed edge bundling methods, our technique improves both the level of clutter reduction and the computation performance. The second contribution of this paper is a GPU-based rendering method which helps users perceive bundles densities while preserving edge color.
Is there evidence for sunspot forcing of climate at multi‐year and decadal periods?

It has been proposed that solar cycle irradiance variations may affect the whole planet's climate via the stratosphere, the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO). We test this hypothesis by examining causal links between time series of sunspot number and indices of QBO, AO and ENSO activity. We use various methods: wavelet coherence, average mutual information, and mean phase coherence to study the phase dynamics of weakly interacting oscillating systems. All methods clearly show a cause and effect link between Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and AO, but no link between AO and QBO or solar cycle over all scales from biannual to decadal. We conclude that the 11‐year cycle sometimes seen in climate proxy records is unlikely to be driven by solar forcing, and most likely reflects other natural cycles of the climate system such as the 14‐year cycle, or a harmonic combination of multi‐year cycles.