Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secure Relay Beamforming with Correlated Channel Models in Dual-Hop Wireless Communication Networks

Abstract-In this article, the authors focus on a correlated channel model for secure relay beamforming in the relayeavesdropper network. In this network, a single-antenna sourcedestination pair transmits secure information with the help of a amplify-and-forward (AF) relay equipped with multiple antennas. The relay cannot obtain the instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdropper. The relay only have the knowledge of correlation information between the legitimate and eavesdropping channels. Depending on this information, we derived the conditional distribution of the eavesdropping channel. Three beamformers at the relay are studied: the zero-forcing (ZF) beamformer, the generalized match-forward (GMF) beamformer and the general-rank beamformer (GRBF). The authors found that the ZF beamformer is invalid in this system, and the GMF beamformer is the optimal rank-1 beamformer, and the GRBF is the iteratively optimal beamformer. Numerical results are presented to illustrate three beamformers' performance, and the impacts of different parameters, especially the channel correlation, on the system performance are analyzed.
Estimating quantitative genetic parameters in wild populations: a comparison of pedigree and genomic approaches

The estimation of quantitative genetic parameters in wild populations is generally limited by the accuracy and completeness of the available pedigree information. Using relatedness at genomewide markers can potentially remove this limitation and lead to less biased and more precise estimates. We estimated heritability, maternal genetic effects and genetic correlations for body size traits in an unmanaged long‐term study population of Soay sheep on St Kilda using three increasingly complete and accurate estimates of relatedness: (i) Pedigree 1, using observation‐derived maternal links and microsatellite‐derived paternal links; (ii) Pedigree 2, using SNP‐derived assignment of both maternity and paternity; and (iii) whole‐genome relatedness at 37 037 autosomal SNPs. In initial analyses, heritability estimates were strikingly similar for all three methods, while standard errors were systematically lower in analyses based on Pedigree 2 and genomic relatedness. Genetic correlations were generally strong, differed little between the three estimates of relatedness and the standard errors declined only very slightly with improved relatedness information. When partitioning maternal effects into separate genetic and environmental components, maternal genetic effects found in juvenile traits increased substantially across the three relatedness estimates. Heritability declined compared to parallel models where only a maternal environment effect was fitted, suggesting that maternal genetic effects are confounded with direct genetic effects and that more accurate estimates of relatedness were better able to separate maternal genetic effects from direct genetic effects. We found that the heritability captured by SNP markers asymptoted at about half the SNPs available, suggesting that denser marker panels are not necessarily required for precise and unbiased heritability estimates. Finally, we present guidelines for the use of genomic relatedness in future quantitative genetics studies in natural populations.
Preparation of Graphene Selected Topics in Physics : Physics of Nanoscale Carbon

Graphene is a very special material, since it has the advantage of being both conducting and transparent. The transparency of a material normally depends on its electronic properties and requires a band gap. Under normal conditions transparency and conductivity exclude each other, except for a few compounds like indium tin oxide (ITO). However, in contrast to ITO, graphene is also flexible and capable of withstanding high stress. Therefore it is very attractive for the application of flexible electronic devices, e.g. touch screens [1]. Accordingly, there are a lot of efforts in order to prepare graphene easyly with the required properties. The methods described in this review are evaluated on the bases of different requirements: On the purity of the graphene, which is defined by the lack of intrinsic defects, (Quality) as well as on the size of the obtained flakes or layers (Size). Another aspect is the amount of graphene which can be produced simultaneously (Amount) or the complexity such as the requirement of labour or the need for specially designed machines (Complex.). One last attribute is the controllability of the method in order to achieve reproducible results (Control.). This review is organized as follows: In Sec. 2 the exfoliation methods are presented and discussed. Following that another type of preparation, the growth of graphene, will be introduced in Sec. 3. Concluding, the different methods will be compared in Sec. 4.
New dynamic ID authentication scheme using smart cards

Recently, Yoon et al. and Wang et al. independently proposed a dynamic ID authentication scheme and claimed that their schemes can withstand the risk of ID‐theft, and several attacks. In this paper, we first demonstrate that both of the proposed schemes cannot achieve the security requirement for user anonymity and resist an impersonation attack yet. Then, we shall propose a new dynamic ID authentication scheme to overcome the above security weaknesses. We formally analyzed our proposed scheme with the BAN‐logic and shown that it can withstand the several possible attacks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High affinity ATP/ADP analogues as new tools for studying CFTR gating

Previous studies using non‐hydrolysable ATP analogues and hydrolysis‐deficient cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutants have indicated that ATP hydrolysis precedes channel closing. Our recent data suggest that ATP binding is also important in modulating the closing rate. This latter hypothesis predicts that ATP analogues with higher binding affinities should stabilize the open state more than ATP. Here we explore the possibility of using N6‐modified ATP/ADP analogues as high‐affinity ligands for CFTR gating, since these analogues have been shown to be more potent than native ATP/ADP in other ATP‐binding proteins. Among the three N6‐modified ATP analogues tested, N6‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐ATP (P‐ATP) was the most potent, with a K½ of 1.6 ± 0.4 μm (>50‐fold more potent than ATP). The maximal open probability (Po) in the presence of P‐ATP was ∼30% higher than that of ATP, indicating that P‐ATP also has a higher efficacy than ATP. Single‐channel kinetic analysis showed that as [P‐ATP] was increased, the opening rate increased, whereas the closing rate decreased. The fact that these two kinetic parameters have different sensitivities to changes of [P‐ATP] suggests an involvement of two different ATP‐binding sites, a high‐affinity site modulating channel closing and a low affinity site controlling channel opening. The effect of P‐ATP on the stability of open states was more evident when ATP hydrolysis was abolished, either by mutating the nucleotide‐binding domain 2 (NBD2) Walker B glutamate (i.e. E1371) or by using the non‐hydrolysable ATP analogue AMP‐PNP. Similar strategies to develop nucleotide analogues with a modified adenine ring could be valuable for future studies of CFTR gating.
ey issues in decomposing fMRI during naturalistic and continuous usic experience with independent component analysis

Background: Independent component analysis (ICA) has been often used to decompose fMRI data mostly for the resting-state, block and event-related designs due to its outstanding advantage. For fMRI data during free-listening experiences, only a few exploratory studies applied ICA. New method: For processing the fMRI data elicited by 512-s modern tango, a FFT based band-pass filter was used to further pre-process the fMRI data to remove sources of no interest and noise. Then, a fast model order selection method was applied to estimate the number of sources. Next, both individual ICA and group ICA were performed. Subsequently, ICA components whose temporal courses were significantly correlated with musical features were selected. Finally, for individual ICA, common components across majority of participants were found by diffusion map and spectral clustering. Results: The extracted spatial maps (by the new ICA approach) common across most participants evidenced slightly right-lateralized activity within and surrounding the auditory cortices. Meanwhile, they were found associated with the musical features. Comparison with existing method(s): Compared with the conventional ICA approach, more participants were found to have the common spatial maps extracted by the new ICA approach. Conventional model order selection methods underestimated the true number of sources in the conventionally pre-processed fMRI data for the individual ICA. Conclusions: Pre-processing the fMRI data by using a reasonable band-pass digital filter can greatly benefit the following model order selection and ICA with fMRI data by naturalistic paradigms. Diffusion map and aight spectral clustering are str ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Mathematical Information Technology, L 35 Agora, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland. el. : +358 40 8053255; fax: +358 14 2604981. E-mail addresses: Fengyu.Cong@jyu.fi, FengyuCong@gmail.com (F. Cong). 165-0270/$ – see front matter © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.jneumeth. 2013.11. 025 forward tools to find common ICA spatial maps. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Validation of a Consciousness Level Scale for Palliative Care

The main objective of this study is to validate a Consciousness Scale for palliative care. The scale was named Consciousness Scale for palliative care (CSPC). The validation had two phases: 1) face validity – the scale was assessed by seven healthcare professionals, both doctors and nurses, experienced in palliative care; 2) reliability and construct validity – performed by four investigators, two nurses and two doctors. The construct validation was performed by comparing the CSPC with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 100 mm, anchored in the terms ‘awake’ and ‘unarousable’, and then with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). In this study, all four observers completed 44 periods of observation relative to 38 patients resulting in a total of 176 observations. In the phase of face validation, there were no discrepancies in relation to the issue: the scale provides measures for measurement; the scale can be useful to clinical practice; the scale can improve communication among professionals and the scale is easy to use. As a measure of internal consistency, Cronbach’s α was found to be very high (0.99). The inter-rater reliability was also very high with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.99 (P < 0.001). The correlation of the CSPC to the VAS was 0.94 (P < 0.001) and the CSPC to the GCS was −0.82 (P < 0.001). The CSPC can be a very useful tool for assessing consciousness in palliative care patients. It is very ease to use, not time consuming and can be used with minimal training. Communication between professionals can be improved in the clinical setting and in the research environment.
Particle-based Sampling and Meshing of Surfaces in Multimaterial Volumes

Methods that faithfully and robustly capture the geometry of complex material interfaces in labeled volume data are important for generating realistic and accurate visualizations and simulations of real-world objects. The generation of such multimaterial models from measured data poses two unique challenges: first, the surfaces must be well-sampled with regular, efficient tessellations that are consistent across material boundaries; and second, the resulting meshes must respect the nonmanifold geometry of the multimaterial interfaces. This paper proposes a strategy for sampling and meshing multimaterial volumes using dynamic particle systems, including a novel, differentiable representation of the material junctions that allows the particle system to explicitly sample corners, edges, and surfaces of material intersections. The distributions of particles are controlled by fundamental sampling constraints, allowing Delaunay-based meshing algorithms to reliably extract watertight meshes of consistently high-quality.
3-D modeling of frequency spectrum of volume spherical resonator by using FDTD method

We present the use of FDTD method to obtain the resonant frequencies of a volume 3D spherical microwave resonator for further its analyses and modeling in quantum (wave) chaos problem. Because a spherical cavity resonator can be considered as billiard dynamical system, studying frequency resonator spectrum and its changes under the influence of inhomogeneties inside of the resonator allows us to detect wave chaos.
A DNN regression approach to speech enhancement by artificial bandwidth extension

Artificial speech bandwidth extension (ABE) is an extremely effective means for speech enhancement at the receiver side of a narrowband telephony call. First approaches have been seen incorporating deep neural networks (DNNs) into the estimation of the upper band speech representation. In this paper we propose a regression-based DNN ABE being trained and tested on acoustically different speech databases, exceeding coded narrowband speech by a so-far unseen 1.37 CMOS points in a subjective listening test.
Application of the Particle Swarm Optimization in Microwave Engineering

Usually, the coupling matrix of cross-coupled resonator filter is synthesized by gradient-based optimization. However, to obtain the gradient of a function is somewhat uneasy. In this paper, the concept of the standard particle swarm optimization is introduced. Finally, it is successfully applied in the synthesis of a fourth-order canonical cross-coupled resonator filter.
Evolving Concepts of Arousal: Insights from Simple Model Systems

Arousal states strongly influence behavioral decisions. In general, arousal promotes activity and enhances responsiveness to sensory stimuli. Earlier work has emphasized general, or nonspecific, effects of arousal on multiple classes of behaviors. However, contemporary work indicates that arousal has quite specific effects on behavior. Here we review studies of arousal-related circuitry in molluscan model systems. Neural substrates for both general and specific effects of arousal have been identified. Based on the scope of their actions, we can distinguish two major classes of arousal elements: localized versus general. Actions of localized arousal elements are often limited to one class of behavior, and may thereby mediate specific effects of arousal. In contrast, general arousal elements may influence multiple classes of behaviors, and mediate both specific and nonspecific effects of arousal. One common way in which general arousal elements influence multiple behaviors is by acting on localized arousal elements of distinct networks. Often, effects on distinct networks have different time courses that may facilitate formation of specific behavioral sequences. This review highlights prominent roles of serotonergic systems in arousal that are conserved in gastropod molluscs despite extreme diversification of body forms, diet and ecological niches. The studies also indicate that the serotonergic elements can act as either localized or general arousal elements. We discuss the implications of these findings across animals.
NuSTAR AND SWIFT OBSERVATIONS OF THE FAST ROTATING MAGNETIZED WHITE DWARF AE AQUARII

AE Aquarii is a cataclysmic variable with the fastest known rotating magnetized white dwarf (Pspin = 33.08 s). Compared to many intermediate polars, AE Aquarii shows a soft X-ray spectrum with a very low luminosity (LX ∼ 1031 erg s−1). We have analyzed overlapping observations of this system with the NuSTAR and the Swift X-ray observatories in 2012 September. We find the 0.5–30 keV spectra to be well fitted by either an optically thin thermal plasma model with three temperatures of , , and keV, or an optically thin thermal plasma model with two temperatures of and keV plus a power-law component with photon index of . The pulse profile in the 3–20 keV band is broad and approximately sinusoidal, with a pulsed fraction of 16.6% ± 2.3%. We do not find any evidence for a previously reported sharp feature in the pulse profile.
Short-term variability of respiration and sleep during unattended nonlaboratory polysomnography--the Sleep Heart Health Study. [corrected].

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the short-term variability of indices of disturbed respiration and sleep during 2 nights of unattended nonlaboratory polysomnography conducted several months apart. DESIGN Participants were randomly selected using a block design with stratification on preliminary estimates of 2 criteria: respiratory disturbance index [RDI3% (apnea or hypopnea events associated with > or = 3% O2 desaturation): < 15/hour total sleep time, > or = 15/hour total sleep time] and sleep efficiency (SEff: < 85% and > or = 85%). The RDI and sleep data from initial and repeated polysomnography were compared. SETTING NA. PARTICIPANTS A subset of 99 participants in the Sleep Heart Health Study who agreed to have a repeat polysomnogram within 4 months of their original study. INTERVENTIONS NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Acceptable repeat polysomnograms were obtained in 91 subjects (mean study interval: 77 +/- 18 [sd] days; range: 31-112 days). There was no significant bias in RDI between study nights using several different RDI definitions including RDI3% and RDI4% (apnea or hypopnea events associated with > or = 4% O2 desaturation). Variability between studies estimated using intraclass correlations (ICC) ranged from 0.77 to 0.81. For subjects with a RDI3% < 15, variability increased as a function of increasing RDI, but for those with a RDI3% > or = 15, variability was constant. Body mass index, SEff, gender, or age did not directly predict RDI variability. Using RDI4% cutpoints of < or = 5, < or = 10 and < or = 15 events per hour of sleep demonstrated that 79.1%, 85.7%, and 87.9% of subjects, respectively, had the same classification of SDB status on both nights of study. There also was no significant bias in sleep staging, sleep efficiency, or arousal index between studies. However, variability was greater with ICC values ranging from 0.37 (% time in REM) to 0.76 (arousal index). CONCLUSION In the Sleep Heart Health Study, accurate estimates of the severity of sleep-disordered breathing and the quality of sleep were obtained from a single night of unattended nonlaboratory polysomnography. These findings may be applicable to other large epidemiologic studies provided that similar recording techniques and quality-assurance procedures are followed.
On Runtime Requirements Adaptation Problem for Self-Adaptive Systems

The vision for self-adaptive systems (SAS) is that they should continuously adapt their behavior at runtime in response to changing user’s requirements, operating contexts, and resource availability. Realizing this vision requires that we understand precisely how the various steps in the engineering of SAS depart from the established body of knowledge in information systems engineering. We focus in this paper on the requirements engineering for SAS. We argue that SAS need to have an internal representation of the requirements problem that they are solving for their users. We formally define a minimal set of concepts and relations needed to formulate the requirements problem, its solutions, the changes in its formulation that arise from changes in the operating context, requirements, and resource availability. We thereby precisely define the runtime requirements adaptation problem that a SAS should be engineered to solve.
A novel, NH2-terminal sequence-characterized human monokine possessing neutrophil chemotactic, skin-reactive, and granulocytosis-promoting activity

A factor able to induce an early local inflammation in rabbit skin was detected in the supernatant of mitogen-stimulated human blood leukocytes. The factor was different from IL-1 which, although present in the supernatants, was chemically separable from the factor and induced a late rather than an early skin response. Other biological effects of the principal factor were its in vitro chemotactic effects on granulocytes and its ability to induce rapid granulocytosis upon intravenous injection in rabbits. When tested under the same conditions, IL-1 beta did not act chemotactically and induced granulocytosis at a later time. The factor was purified to homogeneity and identified by electrophoretic mobility as a protein of Mr 6,500. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed the presence of an uncontaminated NH2-terminal sequence identical to a segment of the sequence previously predicted from the cDNA clone (3-10C) copied from an mRNA isolated from human leukocytes and coding for a protein of unknown function. The NH2- terminal sequence of the factor also showed extensive homology to that of the platelet factors beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4). Studies done to identify the cell source of the factor revealed that it was produced by adherent mononuclear cells but not by platelets, while the opposite was true for beta TG.
Automatic Correction of Idiomatic Usage in English Using Web Search

Non-native English speakers often have problems determining the exact form of an idiomatic expression while they have some vague idea about the key words in them. In this paper, we describe a system called Webtionary that allows users to consult idiomatic usage by entering a questionable expression. Webtionary uses Web search to find candidate corrections and suggests expressions that are commonly used in writing and semantically-related to the user query. Evaluation results show that Webtionary significantly outperforms direct Web search in providing useful suggestions.
There Are More Things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, Than DGF

In their article, Ree, Carretta, and Teachout (2015) argued that a dominant general factor (DGF) is present in most, if not all, psychological measures (e.g., personality, leadership, attitudes, skills). A DGF, according to Ree et al., is identified by two characteristics. First, the DGF accounts for the largest amount of a measure's systematic variance, and second, it influences every subdimension within the construct domain. They indicate that researchers ignore DGFs and pay inappropriate amounts of attention to the specific dimensions (DSs) even though the DGF provides most of the predictive power and the DS adds little predictive power.