Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2 Downward Adjustments in a Cyclical Environment : The Case of Chilean Pelagic Fisheries

Often the scale of production of many industrial fisheries in the world shows rigidity vis à vis declines in fish abundance, which on occasions has generated fishing collapse. This paper studies the two fisheries with the greatest volume of landings in Chile, and which are also characterized by strong variability in their abundance. Production-side aspects that affect the incentives to adjust towards lower fishing efforts are analyzed. To do so, production functions for industrial fleets at each fishery are estimated by resorting to panel data. Two main results are obtained. First, we confirm the empirical relevance of Translog harvest technologies. This contradicts a frequent practice in bioeconomic models, which considers harvest-inputs elasticities as being constant and independent from the scale of production. Second, a set of production-side effects are identified that weaken the incentives to adjust towards lower fishing efforts: increasing returns in the use of variable inputs, which are also strengthened by external economies associated to the aggregate searching effort for fish, and catch yields sensitive to changes in abundance, but where the strength of this effect decreases as abundance declines.
Implementation and Optimization Techniques

This chapter will discuss the implementation of the reasoning services which form the core of DL-based knowledge representation systems. To be useful in realistic applications, such systems need both expressive logics and fast reasoners. As expressive logics inevitably have high worst-case complexities, this can only be achieved by employing highly optimized implementations of suitable reasoning algorithms. Systems based on such implementations have demonstrated that they can perform well with problems that occur in realistic applications, including problems where unoptimized reasoning is hopelessly intractable.
The Neural Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of Pavlovian Cues on Human Decision Making

In outcome-specific transfer, pavlovian cues that are predictive of specific outcomes bias action choice toward actions associated with those outcomes. This transfer occurs despite no explicit training of the instrumental actions in the presence of pavlovian cues. The neural substrates of this effect in humans are unknown. To address this, we scanned 23 human subjects with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they made choices between different liquid food rewards in the presence of pavlovian cues previously associated with one of these outcomes. We found behavioral evidence of outcome-specific transfer effects in our subjects, as well as differential blood oxygenation level-dependent activity in a region of ventrolateral putamen when subjects chose, respectively, actions consistent and inconsistent with the pavlovian-predicted outcome. Our results suggest that choosing an action incompatible with a pavlovian-predicted outcome might require the inhibition of feasible but nonselected action–outcome associations. The results of this study are relevant for understanding how marketing actions can affect consumer choice behavior as well as for how environmental cues can influence drug-seeking behavior in addiction.
What Do Message Sequence Charts Mean?

We propose a semantics for Message Sequence Charts (MSCs). Our requirements are: to determine unambiguously which execution traces are allowed by an MSC; and to use a nite-state interpretation. Our semantics handles both synchronous and asynchronous communication. We deene a global state automaton from an MSC, by rst deening a transition system of global states, and from that a B uchi automaton. In using MSCs, properties of the environment and liveness properties of the MSC itself may be under-speciied. We propose a method using temporal logic formulas to specify the required liveness properties.
Improving meeting summarization by focusing on user needs: a task-oriented evaluation

Advances in multimedia technologies have enabled the creation of huge archives of audio-video recordings of meetings, and there is burgeoning interest in developing meeting browsers to help users better leverage these archives. A recent study has shown that extractive summaries provide a more efficient way of navigating meeting content than simply reading through the transcript and using the audio-video record, or navigating via keyword search (Murray, 2007). The extractive summary technique identifies informative dialogue acts to generate general purpose summaries. These summaries can still be lengthy. Recently, we have developed a decision-focused summarization system that presents only 1-2% of the recordings related to decision making. In this paper, we describe a task-based evaluation in which we compare the decision-focused summaries to the general purpose summaries. Our results indicate that the more focused summaries help users perform the decision debriefing task more effectively and improve perceived efficiency. In addition, this study also investigates the effect of automatic summaries and transcription on task effectiveness, report quality, and users' perceptions of task success.
Study and Safety Analysis on UCONonA Model

As the next generation access control, usage control models received serious academic attention and had been extended in much direction. But, as a fundamental problem, the safety analysis of UCON has not been explored enough. This paper completes the safety analysis of authorization UCON by analysis the safety problem of ongoing authorizations usage control models. First, presents a formal UCONonA model. Then, analysis the safety problem of a general UCONonA model is undecidable. Finally, prove the safety problem of an UCONonA system is decidable with finite attribute domain and no creating actions in the scheme.
COGEX at RTE 3

This paper reports on LCC's participation at the Third PASCAL Recognizing Textual Entailment Challenge. First, we summarize our semantic logical-based approach which proved successful in the previous two challenges. Then we highlight this year's innovations which contributed to an overall accuracy of 72.25% for the RTE 3 test data. The novelties include new resources, such as eXtended WordNet KB which provides a large number of world knowledge axioms, event and temporal information provided by the TARSQI toolkit, logic form representations of events, negation, coreference and context, and new improvements of lexical chain axiom generation. Finally, the system's performance and error analysis are discussed.
Effect of Oxygen Breathing on Pacing‐Induced Angina Pectoris and other Manifestations of Coronary Insufficiency

Eleven patients with arteriographically confirmed coronary artery disease and normal arterial oxygen saturation were studied. The angina threshold was determined first by successive elevation of heart rate at increments of 10 and 5 beats/min by right atrial pacing while the patients were breathing air via a close-fitting mask. The mask was then connected to an oxygen tank without the patient's knowledge. After 5 min of oxygen breathing, the heart rate was again raised to the previously determined threshold level. In nine of 11 patients angina did not recur. The absence of angina was associated with improvement in myocardial lactate extraction from −17 ± 15 to +18 ± 10% (P < 0.025), in S-T abnormalities in six of seven patients, and in pulsus alternans in three of five patients.The pacing rate was then raised at increments of 5 beats/min until angina recurred. With oxygen breathing, angina developed at higher pacing rates (129 ± 7 beats/min with air and 137 ± 6 beats/min with oxygen, on the average; P < 0.005), at higher rate-pressure product (18.0 ± 0.8 and 19.5 ± 0.9 × 103 mm Hg/min, respectively; P < 0.01), and at higher left ventricular oxygen consumption (21.3 ± 1.1 and 24.6 ± 1.1 ml/min, respectively; P < 0.005). The results indicate that oxygen breathing permits the heart to do more work before coronary insufficiency develops.
Post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracotomy

Pulmonary complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the post-operative period after thoracotomy. The type of complications and the severity of complications depend on the type of thoracic surgery that has been performed as well as on the patient's pre-operative medical status. Risk stratification can help in predicting the possibility of the post-operative complications. Certain airway complications are more prone to develop with thoracic surgery. Vocal cord injuries, bronchopleural fistulae, pulmonary emboli and post-thoracic surgery non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema are some of the unique complications that occur in this subset of patients. The major pulmonary complications such as atelectasis, bronchospasm and pneumonia can lead to respiratory failure. This review was compiled after a search for search terms within 'post-operative pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery and thoracotomy' on search engines including PubMed and standard text references on the subject from 2000 to 2015.
Practical industrial robot zero offset calibration

Current manufacturing trends require industrial robot to be more and more accurate in order to accomplish more and more complicated manufacturing processes. Robot calibration enables standard robots to achieve higher accuracies. Many complex and/or expensive calibration methodologies have been developed and implemented successfully. However, they are difficult to be used in the manufacturing floor because of the cost and flexibility. Therefore, a calibration method that can be used to calibrate robots easily and economically will have a big market impact. Among all robot kinematics parameters, robot zero offset has a much larger influence on robot positioning accuracy. To accurately calibrate the robot zero offset, we developed a practical industrial robot zero offset calibration method that can be used in the manufacturing floor without high skill requirements of the operators. The method is based on tracking a laser line in the robot workspace. The robot joint angles are recorded during the tracking. Using the joint angle data, the robot zero offset can be estimated. The estimated value is then used to offset the encoder to evaluate the estimated values.
Increasing the Surface Energy and Sterilization of Nonwoven Fabrics by Exposure to a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP)*

A technique for generating active species with the One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Discharge Plasma (OAUGDP) has been developed and used to sterilize and increase the surface energy, wettability and wickability of nonwoven fabrics. The OAUGDP is a non-thermal, fourth-state-of-matter plasma with the classical characteristics of a low pressure DC normal glow discharge that operates in air (and other gases) at atmospheric pressure. No vacuum system or batch processing is necessary, and a wide range of applications to fabrics and polymeric webs can be accommodated in a parallel plate plasma reactor. In addition to directly exposing webs and workpieces to active species for surface energy increase in a parallel-plate reactor, we have shown that active species capable of sterilization can be convected at near room temperature to a remote exposure chamber. This technology is simple, produces many effects that can be obtained in no other way, generates minimal pollutants or unwanted byproducts, and is suitable for online treatment of webs, films, and fabrics. Early exposures of nonwoven fabrics to the OAUGDP required minutes to produce relatively small increases of surface energy. These durations appeared too long for commercial application to fast-moving webs. Recent improvements in OAUGDP power density, plasma quality and impedance matching of the power supply to the parallel plate plasma reactor have made it possible to raise the surface energy of a variety of polymeric webs (PP, PET, PE, etc.) to levels in the range of 60 to 70 dynes/cm with one second of exposure. In most cases these high surface energies were not durable, and fell off to 50 dynes/cm after periods of weeks to months. Here, we report the exposure of nonwoven fabrics made of PP and PET at the UTK Textiles and Nonwovens Development Center (TANDEC) to an impedance matched parallel plate OAUGDP for durations ranging from one second to several tens of seconds. Data will be reported on the surface energy, wettability and wickability as functions of time of exposure, and of the aging effect after exposure. We will report the use of a OAUGDP with air as the working gas to sterilize a broad range of microorganisms on a variety of surfaces, and in several distinct applications. These include a Remote Exposure Reactor to sterilize large workpieces 20 centimeters or more from the plasma-generating region, and a sterilizable air filter.
A novel energy minimization criterion for color image segmentation

In this article, we present an unsupervised segmentation algorithm through a multiresolution approach which uses both color and edge information with a quadtree structure, through as well as an iterative minimization process of an energy function. The algorithm has been applied to fruit images in order to distinguish the different areas of the fruit surface in fruit quality assessment applications. Due to the unsupervised nature of the method, it can adapt itself to the huge variability of colors and shapes of the regions in fruit inspection tasks.
An Autotransporter Protein from Orientia tsutsugamushi Mediates Adherence to Nonphagocytic Host Cells

ABSTRACT Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen whose mechanism of cellular adhesion and invasion is poorly characterized. Bioinformatic analyses of two O. tsutsugamushi genomes revealed the presence of a group of genes that encode autotransporter proteins. In this study, we identified 10 autotransporter gene products and categorized them into five groups of orthologs (ScaA to ScaE) based on their sequence similarities. Sequence homology was highest between members of ScaC group, suggesting the functional conservation of bacterium-host interactions. ScaC was actively expressed on the surface of O. tsutsugamushi and induced antibody responses in scrub typhus patients. Experiments using microbeads conjugated to recombinant ScaC or a surrogate Escherichia coli expression system showed that ScaC was sufficient to mediate attachment to, but not invasion of, nonphagocytic mammalian cells. In addition, preincubation of host cells with recombinant ScaC significantly inhibited their interaction with O. tsutsugamushi. Finally, fibronectin was identified as a potential receptor for ScaC by using yeast two-hybrid screening, and this was confirmed using a glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assay. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ScaC is involved in the interaction of O. tsutsugamushi with mammalian host cells and suggest that ScaC may play a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis.
Allosteric Regulation of the Carbohydrate-binding Ability of a Novel Conger Eel Galectin by d-Mannoside

Background: Galectins from peritoneal cells of conger eel contribute to the encapsulation of nematode. Results: A new galectin from peritoneal cells, congerin P (Con-P), shows unusual sequence, specificity, and allosteric regulation by mannoside. Conclusion: Con-P is a new type of galectin with allosteric carbohydrate-binding ability. Significance: Con-P is the first known lectin allosterically modulated by its ligands. Conger eel has two galectins, termed congerins I and II (Con I and II), that function in mucus as biodefense molecules. Con I and II have acquired a novel protein fold via domain swapping and a new ligand-binding site by accelerated evolution, which enables recognition of some marine bacteria. In this study, we identified a new congerin isotype, congerin P (Con-P), from the peritoneal cells of conger eel. Although Con-P displayed obvious homology with galectins, we observed substitution of 7 out of 8 amino acid residues in the carbohydrate recognition domain that are conserved in all other known galectins. To understand the structure-function relationships of this unique galectin, recombinant Con-P was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli by using a Con II-tagged fusion protein system and subsequently characterized. In the presence of d-mannose, Con-P displayed 30-fold greater hemagglutinating activity than Con I; however, no activity was observed without mannose, indicating that d-mannoside can act as a modulator of Con-P. Frontal affinity chromatography analysis showed that activated Con-P, allosterically induced by mannose, displayed affinity for oligomannose-type sugars as well as N-acetyllactosamine-type β-galactosides. Thus, Con-P represents a new member of the galectin family with unique properties.
Educational software for gas–solid and liquid–solid separation equipment

Computer‐aided design has become extremely popular and its use in classroom can be very helpful, adding more analysis capabilities to all engineering areas. This article presents AmbientPro, an educational software, developed to introduce gas–solid and liquid–solid processes to undergraduate students and to provide unit operation courses with realistic exercises involving simulation of chemical processes. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 11: 226–232, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.10051
Acceleration-Level Inequality-Based MAN Scheme for Obstacle Avoidance of Redundant Robot Manipulators

In this paper, a new inequality-based criterion is proposed and investigated for obstacle avoidance of redundant robot manipulators at the joint-acceleration level. By incorporating such a dynamically updated inequality criterion and the joint physical constraints (i.e., joint-angle limits, joint-velocity limits, and joint-acceleration limits), a novel minimum-acceleration-norm (MAN) scheme is presented and investigated for robots' redundancy resolution. In addition, the resultant obstacle-avoidance MAN scheme resolved at the joint-acceleration level is reformulated as a general quadratic program (QP). Moreover, two important “Bridge” theorems are established, which show that such a QP problem can be equivalent to linear variational inequality (LVI) and then to piecewise-linear projection equation (PLPE). An LVI-based numerical method is thus developed and applied for online solution of the QP problem and the inequality-based obstacle-avoidance MAN scheme. Simulative results based on the PA10 robot manipulator in the presence of window-shaped and point obstacles further demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed acceleration-level inequality-based MAN scheme for obstacle avoidance of redundant robot manipulators. In addition, experimental verification conducted on a practical six-link planar robot manipulator substantiates the effectiveness and physical realizability of the proposed obstacle-avoidance scheme.
Throughput and coverage for a mixed full and half duplex small cell network

Recent advances in self-interference cancellation enable radios to transmit and receive on the same frequency at the same time. Such a full duplex radio is being considered as a potential candidate for the next generation of wireless networks due to its ability to increase the spectral efficiency of wireless systems. In this paper, the performance of full duplex radio in small cellular systems is analyzed by assuming full duplex capable base stations and half duplex user equipment. However, using only full duplex base stations increases interference leading to outage. We therefore propose a mixed multi-cell system, composed of full duplex and half duplex cells. A stochastic geometry based model of the proposed mixed system is provided, which allows us to derive the outage and area spectral efficiency of such a system. The effect of full duplex cells on the performance of the mixed system is presented under different network parameter settings. We show that the fraction of cells that have full duplex base stations can be used as a design parameter by the network operator to target an optimal tradeoff between area spectral efficiency and outage in a mixed system.
Birefringence Microscopy with Magnetic-Field Aligned Multiferroic Janus Nanofibers

Multiferroic Janus nanofibers consisting of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) have the magnetoelectric effect between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases. By applying an external magnetic field on Janus nanofibers, the dipole moment in piezoelectric phase would be formed and produce the electric field. Since poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) polymer has anisotropic property, the birefringence can be induced by the electric field. We generalize the magnetic fieldbirefringence quadratic equation and coupling constant for PVK polymer with Janus nanofibers. Birefringence microscopy is used to observe the PVK birefringence under an external magnetic field from 0 to 2500 Oe. The numerical results show that the birefringence variation of the fourth digit after the dot can be obviously detected by our microscope for the distance within 15 μm between two nanofibers in PVK polymer.
Enhanced Cellular Responses and Distinct Gene Profiles in Human Fetoplacental Artery Endothelial Cells under Chronic Low Oxygen1

ABSTRACT Fetoplacental endothelial cells are exposed to oxygen levels ranging from 2% to 8% in vivo. However, little is known regarding endothelial function within this range of oxygen because most laboratories use ambient air (21% O2) as a standard culture condition (SCN). We asked whether human umbilical artery endothelial cells (HUAECs) that were steadily exposed to the physiological chronic normoxia (PCN, 3% O2) for ∼20–25 days differed in their proliferative and migratory responses to FGF2 and VEGFA as well as in their global gene expression compared with those in the SCN. We observed that PCN enhanced FGF2- and VEGFA-stimulated cell proliferation and migration. In oxygen reversal experiments (i.e., when PCN cells were exposed to SCN for 24 h and vice versa), we found that preexposure to 21% O2 decreased the migratory ability, but not the proliferative ability, of the PCN-HUAECs in response to FGF2 and VEGFA. These PCN-enhanced cellular responses were associated with increased protein levels of HIF1A and NOS3, but not FGFR1, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2. Microarray analysis demonstrated that PCN up-regulated 74 genes and down-regulated 86, 14 of which were directly regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors as evaluated using in silico analysis. Gene function analysis further indicated that the PCN-regulated genes were highly related to cell proliferation and migration, consistent with the results from our functional assays. Given that PCN significantly alters cellular responses to FGF2 and VEGFA as well as transcription in HUAECs, it is likely that we may need to reexamine the current cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling fetoplacental endothelial functions, which were largely derived from endothelial models established under ambient O2.