Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Disruption of Peripheral Circadian Timekeeping in a Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease and Its Restoration by Temporally Scheduled Feeding

Behavioral circadian rhythms disintegrate progressively in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), recapitulating the sleep–wake disturbance seen in HD patients. Here we show that disturbances in circadian pacemaking are not restricted to the brain, but also encompass peripheral metabolic pathways in R6/2 mice. Notably, circadian rhythms of clock-driven genes that are key metabolic outputs in the liver are abolished in vivo. This deficiency is accompanied by arrhythmic expression of the clock genes Cry1 and Dbp, and a phase-advanced Per2 cycle. Compromised circadian metabolic cycles are not, however, a consequence of deficient pacemaking intrinsic to the liver, because when cultured in vitro, R6/2 liver slices exhibit self-sustained circadian bioluminescence rhythms. We therefore propose that compromised metabolic cycles arise from an internal desynchronization secondary to altered feeding patterns and impaired circadian signaling from the central pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Importantly, the SCN-independent food-entrainable oscillator remains intact in R6/2 mice and, when invoked, can restore daily behavioral cycles and reverse some of the metabolic abnormalities seen in the liver. Disturbances of metabolism have long been thought to be an important feature of HD. Uncoupling liver metabolism from circadian drives will reduce metabolic efficiency and cause imbalances in metabolites known to be deleterious to brain function. Thus, even subtle imbalances in liver function may exacerbate symptoms of HD, where neurological function is already compromised.
Strengths and Weaknesses of Academic Startups: A Conceptual Model

This paper aims to extend our understanding of the relative strengths and weaknesses of academic startups (ASUs) and other new technology-based firms (NTBFs). First, relying on insights from the resource- and competence-based theories of the firm and the literature on social networks and financial economics, we identify the factors that might differentiate ASUs and other NTBFs. Then, we combine the results of prior studies on NTBFs and the evidence from four theory-building case studies of Italian ASUs to formulate a series of empirically testable hypotheses that relate to the differences between ASUs and other NTBFs as to the extent and nature of the initial funding and knowledge gaps, and the strategies that firms adopt to close them. Our analysis suggests that ASUs' major relative strengths reside in the lower initial funding gap and greater investments in technical activities. Conversely, ASUs' major weakness consists of the lack of commercial knowledge: ASUs suffer from greater initial gaps in this field and encounter serious obstacles in implementing effective strategies to close them. The paper also offers original insights relating to the impact of the appropriability regime of technology on the financing and alliance strategies of ASUs as opposed to those of other NTBFs. More specifically, when the appropriability regime is weak, ASUs' choices as to the characteristics of external investors and alliance partners, and the organisation of the relations with them are influenced by the desire to mitigate appropriability hazards. Conversely, appropriability hazards have a smaller influence on the decisions of non-ASU NTBFs.
Combining Representations from Manufacturing, Machine Planning, and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP)

We integrate an ordinary planner into a manufacturing system by showing that the assembly trees used by manufacturers can be converted into domain operators and that the operator sequence formed by the planner can be converted into a set of matrices used by the manufacturing system. This allows manufacturers to continue to use their existing representations where possible. We form additional resource matrices based on the planner’s output which an existing dispatching system uses to reserve machines and avoid deadlock. We also show how our planner and matrix notation can efficiently implement Manufacturing Resource Planning. In many cases, our MRP system can seamlessly integrate limited production capacity without manager intervention.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Deguelin Derivative, L80, which Disrupts ATP Binding to the C-terminal Domain of Heat Shock Protein 90

The clinical benefit of current anticancer regimens for lung cancer therapy is still limited due to moderate efficacy, drug resistance, and recurrence. Therefore, the development of effective anticancer drugs for first-line therapy and for optimal second-line treatment is necessary. Because the 90-kDa molecular chaperone heat shock protein (Hsp90) contributes to the maturation of numerous mutated or overexpressed oncogenic proteins, targeting Hsp90 may offer an effective anticancer therapy. Here, we investigated antitumor activities and toxicity of a novel deguelin-derived C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor, designated L80. L80 displayed significant inhibitory effects on the viability, colony formation, angiogenesis-stimulating activity, migration, and invasion of a panel of non–small cell lung cancer cell lines and their sublines with acquired resistance to paclitaxel with minimal toxicity to normal lung epithelial cells, hippocampal cells, vascular endothelial cells, and ocular cells. Biochemical analyses and molecular docking simulation revealed that L80 disrupted Hsp90 function by binding to the C-terminal ATP-binding pocket of Hsp90, leading to the disruption of the interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and Hsp90, downregulation of HIF-1α and its target genes, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and decreased the expression of various Hsp90 client proteins. Consistent with these in vitro findings, L80 exhibited significant antitumor and antiangiogenic activities in H1299 xenograft tumors. These results suggest that L80 represents a novel C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitor with effective anticancer activities with minimal toxicities.
Evidence of mitochondrial DNA diversity in South American aboriginals

The absence in South American aboriginals of an Asian‐specific marker, a 9‐bp deletion between the genes for the second subunit of cytochrome oxidase II and lysine transfer RNA in region V, has been interpreted as a bottlenecking effect at the Isthmus of Panama during the peopling of the Americas. We screened mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for this 9‐bp tandem repeat and for polymorphisms in specific regions of the mtDNA in 2 ancient and 31 contemporary samples from South American aboriginals. We found additional (mtDNA) diversity in South American aboriginals in three ways. First, an Asian‐specific marker not previously reported in South American aboriginals was identified by a sequencing analysis in both the contemporary Andean and Amazonian aboriginal peoples. Second, two new haplotypes so far unique to South American aboriginals were found. Additionally, we show that South American aboriginals fall into discrete populations. These results suggest that the prehistoric colonization of South America is the outcome of multiple migrations; the data do not support a bottlenecking effect at the Isthmus of Panama.
Low frequency operation of modular multilevel matrix converter using optimization-oriented predictive control scheme

In power converters, common challenge for current reference tracking employing model predictive control (MPC) is the high computational burden. This issue is more obvious when solving optimal control problems over prediction horizons. To manage and enhance the computational efficiency of widely used control strategies, an integrated perturbation analysis and sequential quadratic programming (IPA-SQP) solver is used to achieve the system constrained optimization and lower sampling times, hence reducing the computational complexity. A Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) for current control in cascaded H-bridge Modular Multilevel Matrix Converter (M3C) is also developed. The M3C is connected to a low frequency AC system, which has an operating frequency less than 20 Hz. The proposed control scheme is therefore introducing an alternative for practical implementation. Simulation results for a closed-loop system with low frequency output side for a 9-level M3C is included to validate the main findings.
Developing Qualitative Inquiry

The problems in the 1990s were, How do we build the strength of qualitative inquiry? How do we legitimize qualitative inquiry within academia? How do we embed qualitative inquiry into scholarship at all levels? The tasks seemed immense: Qualitative inquiry was not by any means new, yet the resistance was so passionate, emphatic, reflexive, and irrational that it appeared as a political stigmatization and as an antiintellectual attitude. Qualitative inquiry was constantly being swatted under the table, except in a few disciplines, most notably anthropology. An institute of qualitative inquiry seemed a promising solution to this problem of negativity, provided it could be
Functional Role of C-Terminal Cytoplasmic Tail of Rat Vanilloid Receptor 1

The vanilloid receptor [transient receptor potential (TRP)V1, also known as VR1] is a member of the TRP channel family. These receptors share a significant sequence homology, a similar predicted structure with six transmembrane-spanning domains (S1–S6), a pore-forming region between S5 and S6, and the cytoplasmically oriented C- and N-terminal regions. Although structural/functional studies have identified some of the key amino acids influencing the gating of the TRPV1 ion channel, the possible contributions of terminal regions to vanilloid receptor function remain elusive. In the present study, C-terminal truncations of rat TRPV1 have been constructed to characterize the contribution of the cytoplasmic C-terminal region to TRPV1 function and to delineate the minimum amount of C tail necessary to form a functional channel. The truncation of 31 residues was sufficient to induce changes in functional properties of TRPV1 channel. More pronounced effects of C-terminal truncation were seen in mutants lacking the final 72 aa. These changes were characterized by a decline of capsaicin-, pH-, and heat-sensitivity; progressive reduction of the activation thermal threshold (from 41.5 to 28.6°C); and slowing of the activation rate of heat-evoked membrane currents (Q10 from 25.6 to 4.7). The voltage-induced currents of the truncated mutants exhibited a slower onset, markedly reduced outward rectification, and significantly smaller peak tail current amplitudes. Truncation of the entire TRPV1 C-terminal domain (155 residues) resulted in a nonfunctional channel. These results indicate that the cytoplasmic COOH-terminal domain strongly influences the TRPV1 channel activity, and that the distal half of this structural domain confers specific thermal sensitivity.
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials Open Access Mutation at the Position 2058 of the 23s Rrna as a Cause of Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus Pyogenes

Background: In streptococci, three macrolide resistance determinants (erm(B), erm(TR) and mef(A)) have been found. In addition, certain mutations at the ribosomal 23S RNA can cause resistance to macrolides. Mutation at the position 2058 of the 23S rRNA of the Streptococcus pyogenes as a cause of macrolide resistance has not been described before.
Modelling User Behaviour based on Process

Search is designed primarily for human use, but we still lack efficient user models to evaluate search systems from the user's perspective. The purpose of this research is to identify user behaviour patterns during the search process, and develop a user model to illustrate the relationships between search behaviour and user perception, in order to predict user engagement in a cost-effective manner by using only behaviour data. To achieve this, we will use three datasets collected from previous studies containing both behavioural data from system log files and perception data. Ultimately, this research will yield a cost-efficient predictive model of user engagement that could be used to more effectively evaluate search systems.
Talking Heads and Hearing Impaired Persons

This paper aims at giving a brief introduction to the research area of computer animated images of faces used for helping the hearingimpaired. The focus is especially on the progress being made in the Synface project and its predecessor. Some of the basic methods are mentioned and some description of the current state of research is given.
Maintaining dynamic channel profiles on the web

This work addresses a novel problem of maintaining channel proflies on the Web. Such channel maintenance is essential for next generation of Web 2.0 applications that provide sophisticated search and discovery services over Web information channels. Maintaining a fresh channel profile is extremely difficult due to the the dynamic nature of the channel, especially under the constraint of a limited monitoring budget. We propose a novel monitoring scheme that learns the channels' monitoring rates. The monitoring scheme is further extended to consider the content that is published on the channels. We describe a novelty detection filter that refines the monitoring rate according to the expected rate of novel content published on the channels. We further show how inter-channel profile similarities can be utilized to refine the channel monitoring rates. Using real-world data of Web feeds we study the performance of the monitoring scheme. We experiment with several monitoring policies over a large set of Web feeds and show that a policy based on learning the monitoring rate of the channels, combined with novelty detection, outperforms alternative channel monitoring policies. Our results show that the suggested content-based policy is able to maintain high quality channel profiles under limited monitoring resources.
From BOLD-fMRI signals to the prediction of subjective pain perception through a regularization algorithm

Functional magnetic resonance imaging, in particular the BOLD-fMRI technique, plays a dominant role in human brain mapping studies, mostly because of its non-invasiveness and relatively high spatio-temporal resolution. The main goal of fMRI data analysis has been to reveal the distributed patterns of brain areas involved in specific functions, by applying a variety of statistical methods with model-based or data-driven approaches. In the last years, several studies have taken a different approach, where the direction of analysis is reversed in order to probe whether fMRI signals can be used to predict perceptual or cognitive states. In this study we test the feasibility of predicting the perceived pain intensity in healthy volunteers, based on fMRI signals collected during an experimental pain paradigm lasting several minutes. In particular, we introduce a methodological approach based on new regularization learning algorithms for regression problems.
Applications of fiber optical resonators in measurement and telecommunications technology

OF DOCTORAL DISSERTATION HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY P. O. BOX 1000, FI-02015 TKK http://www.tkk. fi Author Tuomo von Lerber Name of the dissertation Applications of fiber optical resonators in measurement and telecommunications technology Date of manuscript April 10, 2007 Date of the final manuscript August 27, 2007 Date of the dissertation October 5, 2007 Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles) Department Electrical and Communications Engineering Laboratory Micro and Nanosciences Laboratory Field or research Optical technology Opponent Peter Andrekson, Professor Supervisor Hanne Ludvigsen, Docent Abstract The advent of optical fibers has greatly impacted the modern technology landscape. Most notably, existing telecommunications infrastructure relies on optical fiber networks, which have the ability to transmit high-bandwidth data over considerable distances. Optical fibers have also visible foothold in the field of metrology, where they are used as sensors in various applications. An optical resonator is a basic building block of many optical devices, such as lasers, measurement probes, and optical signal processing equipment. In this dissertation we propose new methods and tools for metrology and general telecommunications sciences based on fiber optical resonators. Compared to conventional free-space technology, fiber resonators enable easy connectivity and they are shown to be robust against ambient perturbations. This thesis consists of two parts that concentrate on optical measurement and signal processing technology, respectively. The first part introduces new measurement schemes for fiber loss and minute birefringence quantification. A loss of an optical fiber medium is measured using a so-called fiber cavity ring-down method. In presence of an external source of loss, such as fiber bending or degradation, one may obtain information about the environment of the probe. Another scheme measures birefringence and, thus, the beat length of a short fiber section. We also suggest a computational method for resonator photon lifetime (also called resonator time constant) extraction under noisy signal conditions. We demonstrate that the developed algorithm may yield meaningful results even when conventional methods fail. The second part of the thesis deals with all-optical signal processing and temporal data synchronization. In a proof-ofprinciple experiment we perform an all-optical clock recovery for 21 parallel wavelength channels at two simultaneous data rates. The method relies on a birefringent optical resonator, whose transmission spectrum is used to filter carrier and sideband frequencies of return-to-zero-modulated data for multiple wavelength channels. In another clock recovery experiment we investigate the possibility to use sideband filtered signal, combined with a continuous wave light emitted at the carrier wavelength.
Web DDoS Detection Schemes Based on Measuring User's Access Behavior with Large Deviation

Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack seriously threatens the survivability of web services. It attempts to exhaust a server's resources (e.g., I/O bandwidth, CPU, and memory resources) to the extent that no resource is available for requests from legitimate users. Recently, some attackers launch web DDoS attack from the application layer (i.e., web app-DDoS), which can evade most of the existing detection approaches that mainly focused on Bandwidth-Flooding DDoS and TCP SYN-Flooding DDoS. This paper discusses the detection of web app-DDoS, and present two different models to characterize user's web access behavior, i.e., click-ratio based model and Markov process based model. With these characterizations as reference, we adopt large deviation theory to estimate the probability that each ongoing user's access behavior is "consistent" with the corresponding reference characterization, and propose two different detection schemes, LD-IID and LD-MP, respectively. We also validate our schemes with simulations, and the simulation results show that LD-IID can detect attackers accurately, yet LD-MP has high false negatives.
Comparison of Two Multilocus Sequence Based Genotyping Schemes for Leptospira Species

Background Several sequence based genotyping schemes have been developed for Leptospira spp. The objective of this study was to genotype a collection of clinical and reference isolates using the two most commonly used schemes and compare and contrast the results. Methods and Findings A total of 48 isolates consisting of L. interrogans (n = 40) and L. kirschneri (n = 8) were typed by the 7 locus MLST scheme described by Thaipadungpanit et al., and the 6 locus genotyping scheme described by Ahmed et al., (termed 7L and 6L, respectively). Two L. interrogans isolates were not typed using 6L because of a deletion of three nucleotides in lipL32. The remaining 46 isolates were resolved into 21 sequence types (STs) by 7L, and 30 genotypes by 6L. Overall nucleotide diversity (based on concatenated sequence) was 3.6% and 2.3% for 7L and 6L, respectively. The D value (discriminatory ability) of 7L and 6L were comparable, i.e. 92.0 (95% CI 87.5–96.5) vs. 93.5 (95% CI 88.6–98.4). The dN/dS ratios calculated for each locus indicated that none were under positive selection. Neighbor joining trees were reconstructed based on the concatenated sequences for each scheme. Both trees showed two distinct groups corresponding to L. interrogans and L. kirschneri, and both identified two clones containing 10 and 7 clinical isolates, respectively. There were six instances in which 6L split single STs as defined by 7L into closely related clusters. We noted two discrepancies between the trees in which the genetic relatedness between two pairs of strains were more closely related by 7L than by 6L. Conclusions This genetic analysis indicates that the two schemes are comparable. We discuss their practical advantages and disadvantages.
Improved mutual information method for text feature selection

Reducing the dimensions of high-dimensional feature set is one of the difficulties of text categorization. Feature selection has been effectively applied in text classification, because of its low complexity of computing. Research works show that mutual information is a good feature selection method but doesn't consider the term frequency in each category of the corpus and the connections between terms. To remedying the defects of traditional mutual information method, this article improved measure of mutual information by introducing the feature frequency in class and the dispersion of feature in class, and built a experimental platform by constructing a Chinese text classification system, and did a multi-set of experiments base on this system. The results show that the new feature selection approach has a more excellent effect in text categorization.
Transactive Memory System, Communication Quality, and Knowledge Sharing in Distributed Teams: An Empirical Examination in Open Source Software Project Teams

This study develops a research model explaining knowledge sharing among open source software (OSS) developers based on the theories of transactive memory system (TMS) and compensatory adaptation. Specifically, this study proposes that the TMS should be positively associated with knowledge sharing and the quality of communication among OSS developers. The quality of communication is positively associated with knowledge sharing. Furthermore, this study suggests that communication quality partially mediate the positive relationship between TMS and knowledge sharing. By collecting data from 120 OSS project teams, this study empirically confirms all the hypotheses.
Determinations of Optical Field Induced Nonlinearities in Azo Dye Doped Polymer Film

behaviors, revealing the large nonlinear This book provides a timely overview of a current state of knowledge of the use of polymer thin film for important technological applications. Polymer thin film book covers the scientific principles and technologies that are necessary to implement the use of polymer electronic device. A wide-ranging and definitive coverage of this emerging field is provided for both academic and practicing scientists. The book is intended to enable readers with a specific background, e.g. polymer nanotechnology, to become acquainted with other specialist aspects of this multidisciplinary field. Part A of the book covers the fundamental of the key aspect related to the development and improvement of polymer thin film technology and part B covers more advanced aspects of the technology are dealt with nano-polymer layer which provide an up-to-date survey of current research directions in the area of polymer thin film and its application skills.