Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal Regulation Between TOC1 and LHY/CCA1 Within the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock

The interactive regulation between clock genes is central for oscillator function. Here, we show interactions between theArabidopsis clock genes LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL(LHY), CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1(CCA1), and TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1(TOC1). The MYB transcription factors LHY and CCA1 negatively regulate TOC1 expression. We show that both proteins bind to a region in the TOC1 promoter that is critical for its clock regulation. Conversely, TOC1 appears to participate in the positive regulation of LHY andCCA1 expression. Our results indicate that these interactions form a loop critical for clock function inArabidopsis.
Commutation strategy for minimized common mode voltage using direct power control

Nowadays the doubly fed induction generator is often used in high power wind energy conversion systems. A common problem of converter fed induction machines are the bearing damages due to the bearing currents. The source of this problem is the common mode voltage caused by the fast switching converters. Instead of a passive solution like EMI filters or insulated bearings, this paper presents a control method based on the direct power control combined with an advanced commutation strategy to avoid the common mode voltage. This control strategy needs no space vector modulation and further no knowledge of system parameters like stator resistance. Only the direction of the phase currents must be determined by an additional circuit. Experimental results for a 4kW DFIG system illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Dynamic External Force Feedback Loop Control of a Robot Manipulator Using a Neural Compensator—Application to the Trajectory Following in an Unknown Environment

Dynamic External Force Feedback Loop Control of a Robot Manipulator Using a Neural Compensator—Application to the Trajectory Following in an Unknown Environment Force/position control strategies provide an effective framework to deal with tasks involving interaction with the environment. One of these strategies proposed in the literature is external force feedback loop control. It fully employs the available sensor measurements by operating the control action in a full dimensional space without using selection matrices. The performance of this control strategy is affected by uncertainties in both the robot dynamic model and environment stiffness. The purpose of this paper is to improve controller robustness by applying a neural network technique in order to compensate the effect of uncertainties in the robot model. We show that this control strategy is robust with respect to payload uncertainties, position and environment stiffness, and dry and viscous friction. Simulation results for a three degrees-of-freedom manipulator and various types of environments and trajectories show the effectiveness of the suggested approach compared with classical external force feedback loop structures.
Fungal Endopolygalacturonases Are Recognized as Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns by the Arabidopsis Receptor-Like Protein RESPONSIVENESS TO BOTRYTIS POLYGALACTURONASES11[W]

Fungal pectin-degrading enzymes act as microbe-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by a pattern recognition receptor from Arabidopsis. Plants perceive microbial invaders using pattern recognition receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns. In this study, we identified RESPONSIVENESS TO BOTRYTIS POLYGALACTURONASES1 (RBPG1), an Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein, AtRLP42, that recognizes fungal endopolygalacturonases (PGs) and acts as a novel microbe-associated molecular pattern receptor. RBPG1 recognizes several PGs from the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea as well as one from the saprotroph Aspergillus niger. Infiltration of B. cinerea PGs into Arabidopsis accession Columbia induced a necrotic response, whereas accession Brno (Br-0) showed no symptoms. A map-based cloning strategy, combined with comparative and functional genomics, led to the identification of the Columbia RBPG1 gene and showed that this gene is essential for the responsiveness of Arabidopsis to the PGs. Transformation of RBPG1 into accession Br-0 resulted in a gain of PG responsiveness. Transgenic Br-0 plants expressing RBPG1 were equally susceptible as the recipient Br-0 to the necrotroph B. cinerea and to the biotroph Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Pretreating leaves of the transgenic plants with a PG resulted in increased resistance to H. arabidopsidis. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that RBPG1 and PG form a complex in Nicotiana benthamiana, which also involves the Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein SOBIR1 (for SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1). sobir1 mutant plants did not induce necrosis in response to PGs and were compromised in PG-induced resistance to H. arabidopsidis.
Display Rule Application in a Disappointing Situation and Children's Emotional Reactivity: Relations with Social Competence.

Associations among display rule use, children's negative emotional reactivity, and dimensions of elementary-school children's social competence were examined. In addition, the correspondence was studied between a self-report measure of negative emotional reactivity and observations of children's use of display rules in a disap pointing situation. Fourth-grade children (N = 98) showed negative relation between self-reported negative emotional coping strategies and observed measures of display rule use. Children, especially girls, who reported the use of more effective coping strategies for managing negative emotions, and who used more appropriate display rules, were rated as more socially competent by both teachers and peers. The value of a multimeasure approach for understanding emotion regulation was discussed.
Comparing the Psychometric Properties of Two Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Instruments in Urban, Adolescent Girls: Validity, Measurement Invariance, and Reliability

Aims: This study compared the psychometric properties of two self-efficacy instruments related to physical activity. Factorial validity, cross-group and longitudinal invariance, and composite reliability were examined. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a group randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of a 17-week intervention on increasing moderate to vigorous physical activity among 5th–8th grade girls (N = 1,012). Participants completed a 6-item Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale (PASE) and a 7-item Self-Efficacy for Exercise Behaviors Scale (SEEB) at baseline and post-intervention. Confirmatory factor analyses for intervention and control groups were conducted with Mplus Version 7.4 using robust weighted least squares estimation. Model fit was evaluated with the chi-square index, comparative fit index, and root mean square error of approximation. Composite reliability for latent factors with ordinal indicators was computed from Mplus output using SAS 9.3. Results: Mean age of the girls was 12.2 years (SD = 0.96). One-third of the girls were obese. Girls represented a diverse sample with over 50% indicating black race and an additional 19% identifying as mixed or other race. Both instruments demonstrated configural invariance for simultaneous analysis of cross-group and longitudinal invariance based on alternative fit indices. However, simultaneous metric invariance was not met for the PASE or the SEEB instruments. Partial metric invariance for the simultaneous analysis was achieved for the PASE with one factor loading identified as non-invariant. Partial metric invariance was not met for the SEEB. Longitudinal scalar invariance was achieved for both instruments in the control group but not the intervention group. Composite reliability for the PASE ranged from 0.772 to 0.842. Reliability for the SEEB ranged from 0.719 to 0.800 indicating higher reliability for the PASE. Reliability was more stable over time in the control group for both instruments. Conclusions: Results suggest that the intervention influenced how girls responded to indicator items. Neither of the instruments achieved simultaneous metric invariance making it difficult to assess mean differences in PA self-efficacy between groups.
The etiological diagnosis and outcome in patients of acute febrile encephalopathy: a prospective observational study at tertiary care center.

BACKGROUND Acute febrile encephalopathy (AFE) is a clinical term used to an altered mental state that either accompanies or follows a short febrile illness and is characterized by a diffuse and nonspecific brain insult manifested by a combination of coma, seizures, and decerebration. OBJECTIVE To identify the etiological diagnosis and outcome in adult patients with AFE. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A prospective observational study was done in patients aged 14 years or above who were admitted with AFE at a tertiary care center in northwest India. MATERIALS AND METHODS The non-infectious causes of unconsciousness were excluded and then only a diagnosis of AFE was considered. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and imaging of brain was done to determine the possible etiology. Outcome was assessed at 1 month of follow-up after discharge by using modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Data were analyzed and presented as mean, median, and percentages. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Of the total 120 patients studied, pyogenic meningitis was the most common cause accounting for 36.7%, followed by acute viral encephalitis (AVE) in 28.33% of the patients (Japanese B encephalitis in 12.5%, herpes simplex virus encephalitis in 3.33%, and other undetermined viral etiology in 12.5%). Cerebral malaria, sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE), and tuberculous meningitis were diagnosed in 21.7%, 9.17%, and 4.2% of cases, respectively. Of the total, 16 patients died, 6 with AVE, 3 with pyogenic meningitis, 3 with cerebral malaria, and 4 with SAE. mRS at discharge was >3 in 14 patients with AVE (P < 0.001), and in the remaining it was <3. After 1 month, mRS was >3 in six patients with AVE and in the rest it was ≤1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, pyogenic meningitis was the leading cause of AFE, followed by AVE and cerebral malaria. The outcome in cases with AVE can be fatal or more disabling than other etiologies.
Overexpression of FGFR2 contributes to inherent resistance to MET inhibitors in MET-amplified patient-derived gastric cancer xenografts

Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant diseases and one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Although advances have been made in surgical techniques, perioperative management and the combined use of surgery with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with advanced stage gastric cancer continue to face poor outcomes. Furthermore, it was reported that MET gene amplification and overexpression predicted the sensitivity to MET inhibitors in gastric cancer. However, the identification of drug-resistant tumors has encouraged the pre-emptive elucidation of the possible mechanisms of clinical resistance. The current study assessed a number of patient-derived gastric cancer models with MET amplification and overexpression, including CNGAS028. The tumor tissues were subjected to microarray analysis (using single nucleotide polymorphism 6.0 and human genome U133 arrays) followed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that CNGAS028 xenograft tumors did not respond to treatment with a selective MET inhibitor. Additional analysis indicated that FGFR2 overexpression contributed to the resistance to MET inhibitors. Furthermore, treatment with a combination of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 and MET inhibitors inhibited the growth of CNGAS028 xenograft tumors in vivo. In conclusion, the current results aid in understanding the mechanism of inherent resistance to selective MET inhibitors as well as provide important information for patient selection and clinical treatment strategies.
Thermodynamic and Phylogenetic Insights into hnRNP A1 Recognition of the HIV-1 Exon Splicing Silencer 3 Element

Complete expression of the HIV-1 genome requires balanced usage of suboptimal splice sites. The 3′ acceptor site A7 (ssA7) is negatively regulated in part by an interaction between the host hnRNP A1 protein and a viral splicing silencer (ESS3). Binding of hnRNP A1 to ESS3 and other upstream silencers is sufficient to occlude spliceosome assembly. Efforts to understand the splicing repressive properties of hnRNP A1 on ssA7 have revealed hnRNP A1 binds specific sites within the context of a highly folded RNA structure; however, biochemical models assert hnRNP A1 disrupts RNA structure through cooperative spreading. In an effort to improve our understanding of the ssA7 binding properties of hnRNP A1, herein we have performed a combined phylogenetic and biophysical study of the interaction of its UP1 domain with ESS3. Phylogenetic analyses of group M sequences (x̅ = 2860) taken from the Los Alamos HIV database reveal the ESS3 stem loop (SL3ESS3) structure has been conserved throughout HIV-1 evolution, despite variations in primary sequence. Calorimetric titrations with UP1 clearly show the SL3ESS3 structure is a critical binding determinant because deletion of the base-paired region reduces the affinity by ∼150-fold (Kd values of 27.8 nM and 4.2 μM). Cytosine substitutions of conserved apical loop nucleobases show UP1 preferentially binds purines over pyrimidines, where site-specific interactions were detected via saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance. Chemical shift mapping of the UP1–SL3ESS3 interface by 1H–15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence spectroscopy titrations reveals a broad interaction surface on UP1 that encompasses both RRM domains and the inter-RRM linker. Collectively, our results describe a UP1 binding mechanism that is likely different from current models used to explain the alternative splicing properties of hnRNP A1.
The chromosomal DNA of Streptomyces lividans 66 is linear

Two copies of a DNA sequence similar or identical to one end of the linear plasmid SLP2 were found on the Streptomyces lividans chromosome. Restriction mapping showed that these sequences represented free ends. Electrophoretic retardation and glass‐binding studies indicated that the telomeres carry covalently bound proteins. Moreover, the chromosome migrated as an 8Mb linear DNA in pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis. A similar finding with the chromosomes of six other Streptomyces species suggested that a linear chromosome may be characteristic of the genus. The S. lividans chromosome can be circularized by joining the two ends by artificial targeted recombination or by spontaneous deletions spanning both telomeres. Thus the chromosome appears to be able to exist, in viable bacteria, as a linear or a circular molecule.
Female Teachers Holding the Position of Principal (Case Study of Females in Pursuing Career in School)

The purpose of this study is to reveal the condition of female teachers in the highest position in school as the principal by applying the qualitative approach of case study model. The technique of data gathering used is purposive sampling by snowball method. By this technique, the researcher is expected to obtain adequate key informants. To secure the data validity, triangulation of data sources is applied. The data analyzing technique uses interactive models of analysis having three components, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing and Analysis of Model Gender Sara H. Longwee. The result of study shows that there are two factors inhibiting teacher career development, namely (1) Internal factors: Female teachers’ low aspiration and motivation so that they tend to be complacent with the condition achieved so far. Other possibility is that female teachers are worried that the higher position would increase the load and responsibility; (2) External factors: The culture plays a significant role and influences people’s mindset, i.e. the position of head is only held by male. Even if the regulations related to structural positions do not hamper female, due to competition with male teachers and the limited number of positions available if compared to the number of teachers meeting the requirements, the number of females holding the position of principal is still low.
A new approach to the middle levels via a Catalan-number system of numeration

Let n = 2k + 1 with 0 < k ∈ Z and let Mk be the subgraph induced by the kand (k + 1)-levels of the n-cube graph. A system of numeration according to which the nonnegative integers are written as restricted growth strings, so called by Arndt and Ruskey, has specifically the k-th Catalan number Ck = (n k ) /n expressed as 10k. This permits a linear ordering of the vertex set of a quotient graph Rk of Mk under a dihedral-group action. The Shields-Savage lifting of a Hamilton path in Rk between certain two distinguished vertices of Rk to a Hamilton cycle placed in a dihedrally symmetric fashion in Mk is presented in terms of the Kierstead-Trotter lexical matchings of Mk, which highlights the relevance of the said system in pursuing the existence, enumeration and sorting (according both to that system and to the lexical matchings) of such Hamilton cycles in Mk. With these tools in hand, we ask whether there are as many such cycles as the 22 Ω(n) ones obtained by Mutze in proving the existence of Hamilton cycles (not necessarily placed in dihedrally symmetric fashion) in Mk.
Smartphone based hybrid localization method to improve an accuracy on indoor navigation

The rapid spread of smartphone have increased the interest on location based service (LBS), which provides various additional information services, such as the Indoor Positioning System (IPS) in particular. Indoor positioning solutions are based on Wi-Fi Positioning System (WPS) which uses APs that are widely supplied. In this work, we present a hybrid positioning method that improves an accuracy using the WPS and Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) method based on sensors in smartphone.
The Individual–Institutional Nexus of Protest Behaviour

Political protest is seemingly a ubiquitous aspect of politics in advanced industrial societies, and its use may be spreading to less developed nations as well. Our research tests several rival theories of protest activity for citizens across an exceptionally wide range of polities. With data from the 1999–2002 wave of the World Values Survey, we demonstrate that the macro-level context – levels of economic and political development – significantly influences the amount of popular protest. Furthermore, a multi-level model examines how national context interacts with the micro-level predictors of protest activity. The findings indicate that contemporary protest is expanding not because of increasing dissatisfaction with government, but because economic and political development provide the resources for those who have political demands.
Confounding dynamic risk taking propensity with a momentum prognostic strategy: the case of the Columbia Card Task (CCT)

Figner et al. (2009) developed the Columbia Card Task (CCT) to measure risk-taking attitudes. This tool consists of two versions: in the COLD version the decision maker needs to state in advance how many cards (out of 32) they want to turn over (so called static risk taking), in the HOT version they have the possibility of turning over all 32 cards one-by-one until they decide to finish (dynamic risk taking). We argue that the HOT version confounds an individual’s willingness to accept risk with their beliefs in trend continuation vs. trend reversal in a prognostic task. In two experimental studies we show that people believing in trend continuation (momentum subjects) turn over more cards than those believing in trend reversal (contrarians) in the HOT version of the task. However, this is not the case in the COLD version. Thus, we provide evidence that, when considered as a dynamic risk propensity measure, the number of turned over cards in the HOT version of the CCT is a contaminated measure and reflects two phenomena: (1) risk preference and (2) the decision-maker’s belief in trend continuation. We speculate that other dynamic risk taking measures can also be biased by a momentum strategy.
Dealing with disaster: surviving misbehaved kernel extensions

Today’s extensible operating systems allow applications to modify kernel behavior by providing mechanisms for application code to run in the kernel address space. The advantage of this approach is that it provides improved application flexibility and performance; the disadvantage is that buggy or malicious code can jeopardize the integrity of the kernel. It has been demonstrated that it is feasible to use safe languages, software fault isolation, or virtual memory protection to safeguard the main kernel. However, such protection mechanisms do not address the full range of problems, such as resource hoarding, that can arise when application code is introduced into the kernel. In this paper, we present an analysis of extension mechanisms in the VINO kernel. VINO uses software fault isolation as its safety mechanism and a lightweight transaction system to cope with resource-hoarding. We explain how these two mechanisms are sufficient to protect against a large class of errant or malicious extensions, and we quantify the overhead that this protection introduces. We find that while the overhead of these techniques is high relative to the cost of the extensions themselves, it is low relative to the benefits that extensibility brings.
Association of Obesity and Kidney Function Decline among Non-Diabetic Adults with eGFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m2: Results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Background Obesity is associated with higher end-stage renal disease incidence, but associations with earlier forms of kidney disease remain incompletely characterized. Methods We studied the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) with rapid kidney function decline and incident chronic kidney disease in 4573 non-diabetic adults with eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 at baseline from longitudinal Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort. Kidney function was estimated by creatinine and cystatin C. Multivariate analysis was adjusted for age, race, baseline eGFR, and hypertension. Results Mean age was 60 years old, BMI 28 kg/m2, baseline eGFRCr 82 and eGFRCys 95 ml/min/1.73m2. Over 5 years of follow up, 25% experienced rapid decline in renal function by eGFRCr and 22% by eGFRCys. Incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 3.3% by eGFRCys, 11% by eGFRCr, and 2.4% by both makers. Compared to persons with BMI < 25, overweight (BMI 25 – 30) persons had the lowest risk of rapid decline by eGFRCr (0.84, 0.71 – 0.99). In contrast, higher BMI categories were associated with stepwise higher odds of rapid decline by eGFRCys, but remained significant only when BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 (1.87, 1.41 – 2.48). Associations of BMI with incident CKD were insignificant after adjustment. Large WC and WHR were associated with increased risk of rapid decline only by eGFRCys, and of incident CKD only when defined by both filtration markers. Conclusions Obesity may be a risk factor for kidney function decline, but associations vary by filtration marker used.