Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Closed Form Analytical Model of Back-Gated 2-D Semiconductor Negative Capacitance Field Effect Transistors

Steep slope ( $SS<60$ mV/dec at room temperature) negative capacitance (NC) FETs, based on the 2-D transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor channel materials, may have a promising future in low-power electronics because of their high on-state current and very high on/off ratio. In this paper, we develop an analytically compact drain current model for long-channel back-gated 2-D NC-FETs by solving the classical drift-diffusion equations. The equations describe the transition from depletion to accumulation regimes of operation as a continuous function of gate/drain voltages. The continuity ensures time-efficient simulation of large systems. Several key features of the model are verified by comparing with the experimental data. Specifically, the negative drain induced barrier lowering effect and negative differential resistance effect predicted by the model are successfully observed in our experiments.
The Impact of Agency Costs on Regulator Compensation and the Size of Electric Utility Commissions

The current study examines the impact of the selection of electric utilities regulators on their compensation and the size of the regulatory commissions they lead. Much like the CEOs of regulated enterprises, managers of politically supported enterprises and bureaucracies might be expected to pursue increases in the size of administration budgets, the number of support staff and compensation packages (i.e., engage in expense preference behavior). In the case of public utility commissions, the principal-agent model used to describe private firms applies. However, within politically-appointed regulatory regimes, utilities commissioners are the agents of politicians instead of the population at large. In elected regimes, regulators are the agents of the population at large. Statistical models presented in this paper point toward greater levels of expense preference behavior (or expected utility maximization) by commissions (ers) within appointed regulatory regimes, as public choice models and models of the firm would suggest.
Mining tools for surveillance video

This paper describes a system for the mining of surveillance video. Our main contributions are: providing a high level query language for submitting queries about spatial and temporal relations of background regions and moving entities, and about human activities; providing a compiler to map high level queries into a set of novel Petri net filters that utilize computer vision algorithms to answer components of the queries; and providing a powerful graphical interface where users have the ability to formulate the query visually.
Adipose tissue remodeling in children: the link between collagen deposition and age-related adipocyte growth.

CONTEXT Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is essential for adipose tissue growth and expansion in high fat-fed mice, and there is evidence of fibrosis in adipose tissue in human obesity. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the role of ECM remodeling in adipose tissue in healthy, growing children. RESEARCH DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Abdominal sc adipose biopsies were obtained from 65 otherwise healthy children [57 boys; age, 5.3 ± 3.8 yr (mean ± sd)] having elective surgery (cross-sectional study). Twenty percent of the participants were classified as overweight/obese based on body mass index (BMI) z score. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We examined collagen (total and pericellular), HAM56+ macrophages, CD206+ M2 phenotype macrophages, and CD3+ T cells measured by immunohistochemistry and ECM gene expression markers. RESULTS Overweight children had significantly less total collagen compared to normal weight children (median, 3.4 vs. 9.1%; P = 0.001). However, collagen areas were not positive for COL6 and showed little evidence of collagen surrounding adipocytes. Fat cell size was negatively correlated with the percentage of total (r = -0.398; P = 0.003) and pericellular collagen (r = -0.462; P < 0.001) but positively correlated with HAM56+ macrophages (r = 0.541; P < 0.001). The percentage of total collagen was inversely associated with BMI z score (r = -0.345; P = 0.01) and age (r = -0.348; P = 0.005), with older (>11 yr old) children in the top BMI z tertile having less collagen (3.8%) than younger (2-5 yr old) children in the bottom BMI z tertile (12.6%). Adipose tissue in overweight children showed little evidence of crown-like structures or T cells. CONCLUSION In healthy, growing children, increased collagen in adipose tissue is associated with decreased fat cell size and BMI z score and increased M2+ phenotype macrophages, suggesting dynamic interaction between ECM remodeling and immune cells even at an early age.
Photos in Wiradjuri Biscuit Tins: Negotiating Relatedness and Validating Colonial Histories

Tins, cardboard boxes and albums hold one of the most prized and jealously guarded of all Wiradjuri Aboriginal material possessions, the family photos. They are used to tell and recall stories, introduce people to kin, as items of exchange and as important statements of identity and belonging in the spatial and temporal politics of kinship. Based on the ethnographic study of Indigenous photo collections in south-east Australia, the A. argues that photos have the capacity to extend the face-to-face nature of kin-relatedness through time and space; they are important in negotiations of sociality; and they validate the past in contexts in which recourse to both myth and history have been constrained.
Power conservation vlsi circuit

Low voltage operation can markedly reduce the energy requirements of digital circuits; however, in the face of variability it also greatly reduces the reliability and yield. In order to mitigate this effect, device dimensions can be increased and adaptive body biasing can be employed, but at the cost of potentially increasing energy per operation. This paper presents a new framework for determining the minimum energy operating point of digital CMOS circuits with precise guarantees on reliability and parametric yield.
Do Consumer Confidence Indexes Help Forecast Consumer Spending in Real Time?

Could a researcher or policy analyst use data reported from surveys of consumer confidence to improve forecasts of consumer spending? This issue has been examined in the literature previously, which reached the conclusion that consumer confidence helped improve the forecasts slightly. But that research was based on final, revised data and thus did not use the data that would have been available to forecasters in real time. This paper remedies that shortcoming, using the Real-Time Data Set for Macroeconomists to analyze the quality of forecasts made with indexes of consumer confidence. The main finding is that the indexes of consumer confidence are not of significant value in forecasting consumer spending. In fact, in some cases, they make the forecasts significantly worse.
Hole-filling and foot measurement extraction of the 3-D foot form data by template matching method

The 3-D foot scanning technology has become an important application in foot studies of large scale recently. Nevertheless 3-D foot forms scanned usually consist of many holes because of missing views and grazing angle views. These holes are significant drawbacks of 3-D foot anthropometry. To overcome this problem, this study is to demonstrate a method to fill holes using template matching method and extract the foot measurements from it as well. One 3-D foot form was developed without any holes as the 3-D foot template in this study, accompanying with two groups of points, 14 characteristic landmarks and 9 anatomical landmarks. Using template matching method, the 3-D foot template can be transformed into the 3-D foot form of the subject with characteristic landmarks on both of them correspondingly. After transformation, holes of the subjects' 3-D foot form were filled, and concurrently the anatomical landmarks on the 3-D foot template would also be transferred onto it. The foot measurements could be extracted based on the anatomical landmarks as well. The results showed the template matching method is useful to fill the holes and to extract foot measurements of the 3-D foot form. The configuration of the groups of landmarks could be further studied.
A BARGAINING FRAMEWORK TO ESTABLISH OVER-ORDER PREMIUMS IN DAIRY MARKETS

Given the approximate bilateral monopoly nature of Florida dairy industry (producers and processors), the monthly projected over-order premiums (i.e., the dollar amount above the Class I price) are determined by the generalized Nash bargaining model through the relevant prices, costs, bargaining power, and risk attitudes. The implications of the results are discussed.
High-dimensional Motion Planning using Latent Variable Models via Approximate Inference

In this work, we present an efficient framework to generate a motion trajectory of a robot that has a high degree of freedom (e.g., a humanoid robot). High-dimensionality of the robot configuration space often leads to difficulties in utilizing the widely-used motion planning algorithms because the volume of the decision space increases exponentially with the number of dimensions. To handle complications arising from the large decision space, and to solve a corresponding motion planning problem efficiently, two key concepts were adopted. First, the Gaussian process latent variable model (GP-LVM) was utilized for low-dimensional representation of the original configuration space. Second, an approximate inference algorithm was used, exploiting through the duality between control and estimation, to explore the decision space and to compute a high-quality motion trajectory of the robot. Utilizing the GP-LVM and the duality between control and estimation, we construct a fully probabilistic generative model with which we transform a high-dimensional motion planning problem into a tractable inference problem. Finally, we compute the optimal motion trajectory via an approximate inference algorithm based on a variant of the particle filter. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the applicability and validity of the proposed approach. The resulting motions can be viewed in the supplemental video. ( this https URL )
Policy Implementation in a School District: A Multiperspective Approach

implementation of two policic3. Three different and conflicting conceptualizations of policy implementation were found to exist in the district. The Board felt that principals and teachers, as employees, should be willing to comply with policy and that implementation was simply a matter of doing what the policy required. The perspective of district employee groups is summarized in the statement: "If they (i.e., the Board) want us to do -, then they have to give us -. " To them, policy implementation involves bargaining during which member interests must be protected and promoted. The main concern of the school staff was the perceived need for the policy and its likely effect on the work environment of the school. Such conflicting conceptualizations limit the likelihood of meaningful implementation and highlight the complex role of district administrators who are primarily responsible for policy implementation in the district.
Investment Policy: How to Win the Loser's Game

This indispensable investment guide asks the question: How can an individual invest successfully when the majority always fails? Charles Ellis, one of today's most brilliant investment writers, has updated his influential book to include: -- Ways to escape the ravages of taxes and inflation -- How to successfully pass your estate to your heirs (not the taxman! ) -- Common investing mistakes and painless strategies to avoid them
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb® 761 exerts anti‐angiogenic effects via activation of tyrosine phosphatases

The standardised Ginkgo biloba extract EGb® 761 (Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals, Karlsruhe, Germany) is one of the most widely used herbal remedies. Indications for this extract range from dementia to peripheral vascular disease, based on well‐documented vascular effects. Surprisingly, the actions of EGb® 761 on angiogenesis as a function of vascular cells have not been investigated to date. The anti‐cancer activity of EGb® 761 in vitro and epidemiological data showing reduced risk for ovarian cancer in regular users have prompted us to investigate this issue. We show an anti‐angiogenic profile of EGb® 761 in vitro (inhibited proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells) and in vivo in the chicken chorio‐allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. An analysis of the underlying mechanisms indicates inhibition of growth factor‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation by EGb® 761. Inhibitory effects of EGb® 761 on ERK as well as of the upstream kinases map‐erk‐kinase (MEK) and rapidly growing fibrosarcoma (Raf)‐1 could be completely reversed by pre‐treatment with sodium vanadate (inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases). Sodium vanadate also reversed the EGb® 761‐induced inhibition of endothelial cell migration. Focusing on tyrosine phosphatases upstream of the Raf‐MEK‐ERK cascade, we identified the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology‐2 domain‐containing phosphatase 1 (SHP‐1) as one target of EGb® 761. SHP‐1 was rapidly activated by EGb® 761, and silencing SHP‐1 (siRNA) abrogated reduction of endothelial proliferation by EGb® 761. In summary, we identify EGb® 761 as a potent anti‐angiogenic drug. The underlying mechanism is the activation of protein tyrosine phosphatases, leading to inhibition of the Raf‐MEK‐ERK pathway. These findings provide a rational basis for using EGb® 761 for an additional therapeutic indication: anti‐angiogenesis‐based tumour prevention and adjuvant therapy.
Foreign-Imposed Regime Change, State Power and Civil War Onset, 1920–2004

This article proposes that foreign-imposed regime changes (FIRCs) make civil war onset more likely when they damage state infrastructural power, as in the context of interstate war, and when they change the target’s political institutions as well as leadership. Using rare events logit to analyse civil war onset from 1920 to 2004, it is found that interstate war and institutional change are virtually necessary (though not sufficient) conditions for an FIRC to cause a civil war. Many control variables are included. The results are robust to different research design specifications; nevertheless, they cannot confirm that occupation troops make an FIRC more likely to spark civil war.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF CHOLINESTERASE IN INDIVIDUAL SYMPATHETIC CELLS

Tm chohcsterase activity of the sympathetic ganglia has been the subject of several investigations since GLICK (1937) found that both nonspecific ChE* and AChE are present in the superior ceMcal ganglion and suggested that the ChE activity may be concentrated at the synapses. The ChE activity of these ganglia has been further studied by BRUCKE (1937), NACHMANSOHN (1937; 1938), C R O X A ~ , HUIDOBRO, S A L ~ ~ ” I , DONOSO, SANHUEZA, and Luco (1940), MENDEL and RUDNEY (1944). GLICK’S results were confirmed by SAWYER and HOLI NSHEAD (1 949, who, employing extracts of almost the entire ganglia, found both ChEs. When studying the distribution of ChE in the nervous system by the analysis of homogenates, it is impossible to distinguish whether the enzyme is concentrated in a small number of neurones or whether it is present in smaller amount in a large number of cells. Further, it has been shown that non-nervous tissue contains a considerable amount of the nonspec. ChE (SAWYER, 1946; HARD and F%TERSON, 1950; HARD, PETERSON, and Fox, 1951 ; KoEue, 1951-1952; m B , SILVER, SWAN, and WALSH, 1953; THoMPsoNandTIcKNER, 1953; CAVANAGH, THOMPSON, and WEBSTER, 1954). It i s therefore difficult to interpret the results of a chemical analysis of gross specimens of tissue and to correlate them with the activity of single nerve cells or their component parts. Several histochemical techniques have been applied to overcome this dficulty (GOMORI, 1948; K~ELLE and FRIEDENWALD, 1949; BARNEIT and SELIGMAN, 1951 ; HOLT and WITHERS, 1952; hm, ZACKS, and SELIGMAN, 1953; CRJW&R and BELANG~R, 1955). Nearly all these methods are subject to serious diffusion artefacts. In the region of a structure of high enzymic activity, it is difficult to know whether the area in which the precipitation product of the histochemical reaction is seen, represents the actual location of the enzyme. For the same reason it is also difficult to use the histochemical method for the demonstration of the enzyme in structures with low activity and therefore requiring a prolonged incubation. These methods provide information about the relative ChE activity in the different cells shown in the sections, but no conclusions can be drawn from them about the localization of the enzyme in single cells. In an earlier investigation the author applied a modification of the thiocholine method (ZMCEK, S n a , and DATTA, 1954) to single nerve cells isolated from fresh -sue by micromanipulation, to study the distribution of AChE within the cell body and along the axon (GUCOBINI, 1956). In neurones of the spinal, sympathetic, and
An empirical study on the factors affecting academic technology entrepreneurship in South Korea

Technology entrepreneurship has been considered by universities and public research institutes as a novel growth engine for economic development within the context of a knowledge-based economy. However, there have been persistent concerns about it being at the paradigm of the “Creative Economy” in Korea where related domestic research is lacking. This study investigates the effects of entrepreneurial environments of domestic institutions as well as the capabilities of individual scientists with entrepreneurial intention who belong to these institutions. We conducted a structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis based on the survey data gathered from scientists who belong to domestic universities and public institutions. The results of the analysis are as follows: (1) Entrepreneurial intention constitutes individual scientists' attitude, behavior control, and norm. (2) Commercial capability of individual scientists positively and significantly affects behavior control, while organizational culture positively and significantly affects attitude, behavior control, and norm at the same time. (3) Technical capability has negative and significant effects on the attitude of scientists. (4) The policy of the organizations through organizational culture indirectly affects the above three factors that constitute the entrepreneurial intention. This study highlights the formation of positive entrepreneurial culture within universities and public research organizations by means of reorganizing promotional policies for technology entrepreneurship and emphasizing its importance.
Determining Of Financial Failures With Multivariate Statistical Methods

Main aim of this study is to develop a model finding out the firms being financial failures. As a financial failure, we consider the period with loss for firm. The textile sector which has the greatest portion of total export in the recent years has been known the key sector of Turkey. There have been important investments for the sector in the processes of customs union. On the other hand, the sector has fragile structure for the economic crises. The data used in the study belongs to the companies operated in the textile sector and the member of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE). First of all, the financial ratios are found by considering the balance sheet of the year 2001 and the companies are evaluated as a financially successful or not according to their balance sheet. In order to develop the model of firm risk of the textile sector and to determine which variables statistically significant or not, first of all, factor analysis technique has been applied to the financial ratios, then logistic regression technique has been run by considering factor scores as independent variables. According to results obtained regressions, we determine the determinants of financial failure and the results are interpreted finally concluded.
Evaluation of Entamoeba histolytica Antigen and Antibody Point-of-Care Tests for the Rapid Diagnosis of Amebiasis

ABSTRACT The bedside diagnosis of amebiasis could improve patient care. In Bangladesh and Vietnam, a novel and simple-to-use Entamoeba histolytica rapid antigen test had 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the results of a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antigen detection method, and a rapid antibody test had 89 to 100% sensitivity and 89 to 95% specificity.
Perfect state of Rhodomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma)

After mother–daughter cell conjugation, formation of long holobasidia with terminal basidiospores was observed without mycelium production in Rhodomyces dendrorhous (including the type strain of Phaffia rhodozyma) on polyol‐containing media. Basidiospores are not forcibly discharged and germinate by budding. A new genus Xanthophyllomyces (Filobasidiaceae, Tremellales) with a species, X. dendrorhous, is proposed for the telemorphic state of R. dendrorhous.
Reevaluation of Taiwanese Tour Leaders' License Practicality and Continuation

A tour leader is recognized as a critical factor in the success of the travel and tourism industry, and in some countries a tour license is required for those who want to conduct an overseas package tour. The government of Taiwan has imposed many restrictions on tour leaders. There has been a long debate on whether a licensed tour leader performs better and whether the current licensing system is practical for quality assurance. Many practitioners and researchers suggest that the current licensing system should be reexamined to better fix the needs of the travel industry. The purpose of this study is to examine the licensing system of tour leaders, subjects of the written examinations, and the training courses. We also investigated the differences in the performance between licensed and unlicensed tour leaders. Semistructured interviews with travel agencies and tour leaders were conducted. Data from a seminar were collected. The results of this study showed that the contents of the examination should be modified with less emphasis on theories. The current training program lacks practical exercise and the current license system does not facilitate tour leaders' performance quality.
The intertemporal budget constraint and current account sustainability in Cyprus: evidence and policy implications

Using the recently developed ‘bounds’ testing approach, this article provides evidence that Cyprus is not in violation of its intertemporal budget constraint and its current account balance is ‘strongly’ sustainable in the long-run. A policy implication of these findings is that the loss of exchange rate policy following the adoption of the euro in 2008 may not be a serious cost for Cyprus. On a methodological level, the results presented in this article support theoretical models that employ an intertemporal approach to modelling the current account.