Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Inverter Nonlinearity-Independent Flux Observer for Direct Torque-Controlled High-Performance Interior Permanent Magnet Brushless AC Drives

This paper introduces a novel flux observer for direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet brushless AC (IPM-BLAC) drives over a wide speed range including standstill. The observer takes machine nonlinearities into account and is independent of inverter nonlinearities, dead time, and armature resistance variation at steady states since such inaccuracies are compensated quickly by measured phase currents. Magnetic saturations in the stator and rotor cores, cross-coupling effects of flux linkages of the motor, and spatial harmonics in the magnetomotive force are all considered in the novel scheme. There is no filter; hence, no delays and oscillatory responses like in conventional schemes where filters are employed to prevent integrator drift issue. Superiority of the observer when compared to the state-of-the-art schemes has been illustrated by both extensive simulations and experimental results of a 10-kW IPM-BLAC machine designed for traction applications.
Pedestrian recognition method based on depth hierarchical feature representation

For feature representation of pedestrian recognition, a hybrid hierarchical feature representation method which combines representation ability of bag of words model and depth layered with learning adaptability is presented. This method first uses HOG local descriptor for local features extraction, and then encoding the feature by a depth of layered coding method, the layered coding method by spatial aggregating restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM). For each coding layer, we steer the unsupervised RBM learning and apply supervised fine-tuning to enhance the visual features representation in classification task. Finally, we learn high-level image feature representation by the positive and negative max pooling, and then classify with the linear support vector machine, feature extraction of depth architectures effectively improve the accuracy of subsequent recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a high recognition rate.
A simulation study of rater agreement measures with 2x2 contingency tables

A comparison between six rater agreement measures obtained using three different approaches was achieved by means of a simulation study. Rater coefficients suggested by Bennet’s σ (1954), Scott’s π (1955), Cohen’s κ (1960) and Gwet’s γ (2008) were selected to represent the classical, descriptive approach, α agreement parameter from Aickin (1990) to
Rethinking Critical Success Factors for Enterprise System Adoption: The Case of a Transition Economy

This study’s goal is to investigate and better understand critical success factors (CSFs) for enterprise system (ES) adoption. The research setting embraces ES adoptions conducted in Polish companies, therefore it focuses on a transition economy environment. On the basis of research conducted among more than a hundred Polish companies that had adopted ES, an analysis based on grounded theory revealed 20 CSFs grouped into 4 categories. Next, a stakeholder analysis of discovered CSFs allowed us to propose stakeholder groups, the evaluation of their importance and relationships. Achieved results were compared with the findings of prior research conducted in developed and developing economies. The main results suggest that CSFs for ES adoption in transition economies are first and foremost people-related. The article concludes with the discussion of further research.
Screening and intervention for illicit drug abuse: a national survey of primary care physicians and psychiatrists.

BACKGROUND Illicit drug abuse causes much morbidity and mortality, yet little is known about physicians' screening and intervention practices regarding illicit drug abuse. METHODS We mailed a survey to a national sample of 2000 practicing general internists, family physicians, obstetricians and gynecologists, and psychiatrists to assess their screening and intervention practices for illicit drug abuse. RESULTS Of 1082 respondents (adjusted response rate, 57%), 68% reported that they regularly ask new outpatients about drug use. For diagnosed illicit drug abuse, 55% reported that they routinely offer formal treatment referral, but 15% reported that they do not intervene. In multivariate logistic regression models, more optimal screening and intervention practices were associated with psychiatry specialty, confidence in obtaining the history of drug use, optimism about the effectiveness of therapy, less concern that patients will object, and fewer perceived time constraints. CONCLUSIONS Most physicians reported that they ask patients about illicit drug use, but a substantial minority inadequately intervene in diagnosed drug abuse. Initiatives to promote physician involvement in illicit drug abuse should include strategies to increase physicians' confidence in managing drug problems, engender optimism about the benefits of treatment, dispel concerns about patients' sensitivity regarding substance use, and address perceived time limitations.
Continuous section extraction and over-underbreak detection of tunnel based on 3D laser technology and image analysis

In order to ensure safety, long term stability and quality control in modern tunneling operations, the acquisition of geotechnical information about encountered rock conditions and detailed installed support information is required. The limited space and time in an operational tunnel environment make the acquiring data challenging. The laser scanning in a tunneling environment, however, shows a great potential. The surveying and mapping of tunnels are crucial for the optimal use after construction and in routine inspections. Most of these applications focus on the geometric information of the tunnels extracted from the laser scanning data. There are two kinds of applications widely discussed: deformation measurement and feature extraction. The traditional deformation measurement in an underground environment is performed with a series of permanent control points installed around the profile of an excavation, which is unsuitable for a global consideration of the investigated area. Using laser scanning for deformation analysis provides many benefits as compared to traditional monitoring techniques. The change in profile is able to be fully characterized and the areas of the anomalous movement can easily be separated from overall trends due to the high density of the point cloud data. Furthermore, monitoring with a laser scanner does not require the permanent installation of control points, therefore the monitoring can be completed more quickly after excavation, and the scanning is non-contact, hence, no damage is done during the installation of temporary control points. The main drawback of using the laser scanning for deformation monitoring is that the point accuracy of the original data is generally the same magnitude as the smallest level of deformations that are to be measured. To overcome this, statistical techniques and three dimensional image processing techniques for the point clouds must be developed. For safely, effectively and easily control the problem of Over Underbreak detection of road and solve the problemof the roadway data collection difficulties, this paper presents a new method of continuous section extraction and Over Underbreak detection of road based on 3D laser scanning technology and image processing, the method is divided into the following three steps: based on Canny edge detection, local axis fitting, continuous extraction section and Over Underbreak detection of section. First, after Canny edge detection, take the least-squares curve fitting method to achieve partial fitting in axis. Then adjust the attitude of local roadway that makes the axis of the roadway be consistent with the direction of the extraction reference, and extract section along the reference direction. Finally, we compare the actual cross-sectional view and the cross-sectional design to complete Overbreak detected. Experimental results show that the proposed method have a great advantage in computing costs and ensure cross-section orthogonal intercept terms compared with traditional detection methods.
Structure validation by Cα geometry: ϕ,ψ and Cβ deviation

Geometrical validation around the Cα is described, with a new Cβ measure and updated Ramachandran plot. Deviation of the observed Cβ atom from ideal position provides a single measure encapsulating the major structure‐validation information contained in bond angle distortions. Cβ deviation is sensitive to incompatibilities between sidechain and backbone caused by misfit conformations or inappropriate refinement restraints. A new ϕ,ψ plot using density‐dependent smoothing for 81,234 non‐Gly, non‐Pro, and non‐prePro residues with B < 30 from 500 high‐resolution proteins shows sharp boundaries at critical edges and clear delineation between large empty areas and regions that are allowed but disfavored. One such region is the γ‐turn conformation near +75°,−60°, counted as forbidden by common structure‐validation programs; however, it occurs in well‐ordered parts of good structures, it is overrepresented near functional sites, and strain is partly compensated by the γ‐turn H‐bond. Favored and allowed ϕ,ψ regions are also defined for Pro, pre‐Pro, and Gly (important because Gly ϕ,ψ angles are more permissive but less accurately determined). Details of these accurate empirical distributions are poorly predicted by previous theoretical calculations, including a region left of α‐helix, which rates as favorable in energy yet rarely occurs. A proposed factor explaining this discrepancy is that crowding of the two‐peptide NHs permits donating only a single H‐bond. New calculations by Hu et al. [Proteins 2002 (this issue)] for Ala and Gly dipeptides, using mixed quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics, fit our nonrepetitive data in excellent detail. To run our geometrical evaluations on a user‐uploaded file, see MOLPROBITY (http://kinemage.biochem.duke.edu) or RAMPAGE (http://www‐cryst.bioc.cam.ac.uk/rampage). Proteins 2003;50:437–450. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Moving Too Fast: The Making of an Ad Hoc Hypothesis

A scientific dispute may turn crucially upon whether or not a given hypothesis is ad hoc. So, it is extremely important to determine what makes a hypothesis ad hoc. Yet, previous accounts have failed, either because they have run afoul of the Quine-Duhem problem, or because of other major defects. I develop a novel account of ad hocness. I propose that a hypothesis is ad hoc when disconfirming evidence leads scientists to accept that hypothesis into their theory even though the core of the theory, in combination with auxiliaries and the evidence, does not entail the hypothesis.
Sex-Specific Genetic Structure and Social Organization in Central Asia: Insights from a Multi-Locus Study

In the last two decades, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) have been extensively used in order to measure the maternally and paternally inherited genetic structure of human populations, and to infer sex-specific demography and history. Most studies converge towards the notion that among populations, women are genetically less structured than men. This has been mainly explained by a higher migration rate of women, due to patrilocality, a tendency for men to stay in their birthplace while women move to their husband's house. Yet, since population differentiation depends upon the product of the effective number of individuals within each deme and the migration rate among demes, differences in male and female effective numbers and sex-biased dispersal have confounding effects on the comparison of genetic structure as measured by uniparentally inherited markers. In this study, we develop a new multi-locus approach to analyze jointly autosomal and X-linked markers in order to aid the understanding of sex-specific contributions to population differentiation. We show that in patrilineal herder groups of Central Asia, in contrast to bilineal agriculturalists, the effective number of women is higher than that of men. We interpret this result, which could not be obtained by the analysis of mtDNA and NRY alone, as the consequence of the social organization of patrilineal populations, in which genetically related men (but not women) tend to cluster together. This study suggests that differences in sex-specific migration rates may not be the only cause of contrasting male and female differentiation in humans, and that differences in effective numbers do matter.
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to evaporative light scattering detection for direct determination of underivatized amino acids: Application to tea samples using carboxyled single‐walled carbon nanotubes for sample preparation

An improved and efficient method for the determination of underivatized amino acids based on the use of CE coupled to evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD), involving carbon nanotubes, was successfully developed. Carboxyled single‐walled carbon nanotubes were used for the first time to perform the clean‐up of the analyzed samples, which were afterwards analyzed by CE‐ELSD. White tea samples were used to demonstrate the usefulness of the CE‐ELSD coupled methodology. A suitable interface, based on a triple tube design sprayer, was developed and successfully used for coupling both instruments. Parameters affecting the separation and determination, including the elimination of interferences, were studied and properly optimized. Under the optimized conditions good resolution was achieved for the separation of seven amino acids. The precision of the method, expressed as RSD, was found within the 3.5–5.3% range. The LOD obtained for the proposed method were in the 1.2–2.1 pg range and the LOQ, were in the 2.0–11.5 pg range, with injection pressure of 5 KPa for 20 s (15.3 nL). This method is simple, rapid, and selective compared with other conventional techniques.
Sparse Gaussian Process Classification With Multiple Classes

Sparse approximations to Bayesian inference for nonparametric Gaussian Process models scale linearly in the number of training points, allowing for the application of these powerful kernel-based models to large datasets. We show how to generalize the binary classification informative vector machine (IVM) (Lawrence et.al., 2002) to multiple classes. In contrast to earlier efficient approaches to kernel-based non-binary classification, our method is a principled approximation to Bayesian inference which yields valid uncertainty estimates and allows for hyperparameter adaption via marginal likelihood maximization. While most earlier proposals suggest fitting independent binary discriminants to heuristically chosen partitions of the data and combining these in a heuristic manner, our method operates jointly on the data for all classes. Crucially, we still achieve a linear scaling in both the number of classes and the number of training points.
Toward Semantic Composition of Web Services with MOVE

This paper describes a software solution for the WS-Challenge 2006. We introduce the MOVE framework that has been applied to this challenge. Also, the architecture, algorithms, and software components are discussed. The software reads service descriptions from various sources, matches a request against a service, and composes a complex service from atomic services. The framework is open and different kind of solvers and reasoning tools can be plugged in. We show an example which uses the answer set programming software DLV by T. Eiter, et al. (2000) as solver for the composition task
An Allosteric Modulator of α7 Nicotinic Receptors, N-(5-Chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N′-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-urea (PNU-120596), Causes Conformational Changes in the Extracellular Ligand Binding Domain Similar to Those Caused by Acetylcholine

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are implicated in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including nicotine addiction, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and depression. Therefore, they represent a critical molecular target for drug development and targeted therapeutic intervention. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which allosteric modulators enhance activation of these receptors is crucial to the development of new drugs. We used the substituted cysteine accessibility method to study conformational changes induced by the positive allosteric modulator N-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N′-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-urea (PNU-120596) in the extracellular ligand binding domain of α7 nicotinic receptors carrying the L247T mutation. PNU-120596 caused changes in cysteine accessibility at the inner beta sheet, transition zone, and agonist binding site. These changes in accessibility are similar to but not identical to those caused by ACh alone. In particular, PNU-120596 induced changes in MTSEA accessibility at N170C (in the transition zone) that were substantially different from those evoked by acetylcholine (ACh). We found that PNU-120596 induced changes at position E172C in the absence of allosteric modulation. We identified a cysteine mutation of the agonist binding site (W148C) that exhibited an unexpected phenotype in which PNU-120596 acts as a full agonist. In this mutant, ACh-evoked currents were more sensitive to thiol modification than PNU-evoked currents, suggesting that PNU-120596 does not bind at unoccupied agonist-binding sites. Our results provide evidence that binding sites for PNU-120596 are not in the agonist-binding sites and demonstrate that positive allosteric modulators such as PNU-120596 enhance agonist-evoked gating of nicotinic receptors by eliciting conformational effects that are similar but nonidentical to the gating conformations promoted by ACh.
Engineering of Hf1−xAlxOy amorphous dielectrics for high-performance RRAM applications

We propose for the first time a systematic evaluation of the performance and underlying trade-off of the use of ternary Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> oxides for RRAM application. We show that intermixing HfO<sub>2</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> deposition cycles in a standard ALD process not only prevents crystallization of active layer but also significantly improve intrinsic retention and disturb-immunity properties at the expense of a small increase of programming voltage. We attribute this beneficial effect to the reduced V<sub>o</sub> diffusivity caused by stronger Al-O bonds as suggested by ab-initio simulations.
Analysis of the BiP gene and identification of an ER retention signal in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We have cloned the gene for the resident luminal ER protein BiP from the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The predicted protein product is equally divergent from the budding yeast and mammalian homologues. Disruption of the BiP gene in S. pombe is lethal and BiP mRNA levels are regulated by a variety of stresses including heat shock. Immunofluorescence of cells expressing an epitope‐tagged BiP protein show it to be localized to the nuclear envelope, around the cell periphery and in a reticular structure through the cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, we find the BiP protein contains an N‐linked glycosylation site which can be utilized. The C‐terminal four amino acids of BiP are Ala‐Asp‐Glu‐Leu, a new variant of the XDEL sequence found at the C‐termini of luminal endoplasmic reticulum proteins. To determine whether this sequence acts as a sorting signal in S.pombe we expressed an acid phosphatase fusion protein extended at its C‐terminus with the amino acids ADEL. Analysis of the sorting of this fusion protein indicates that the ADEL sequence is sufficient to cause the retention of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The sequences DDEL, HDEL and KDEL can also direct ER‐retention of acid phosphatase in S.pombe.
Cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying auditory verbal hallucinations in a non-clinical sample

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are the experience of hearing a voice in the absence of any speaker. Cognitive models of AVHs have suggested that they may occur when an internal mental event, such as inner speech, is misattributed to an external source. This has variously been explained by reference to biases in self-monitoring, source monitoring, or reality discrimination processes. Evidence suggests that, mechanistically, this may be related to atypical functioning of a forward model system which usually predicts the outcome of self-generated actions, attenuating activity in sensory cortices to the resulting perceptual input. At a higher level, excessive vividness and low cognitive effort associated with internal mental events may be associated with external misattributions of inner speech. Chapter 1 reviews inner speech models of AVH, as well as recent attempts to reduce the frequency of AVHs using neurostimulation. Chapter 2 then provides a methodological overview of techniques used in this thesis. The first two empirical studies presented in this thesis, in Chapters 3 and 4, explore the cognitive mechanisms underlying AVHs by investigating the associations between self-reported hallucination-proneness and phenomenology of inner speech, and performance on source monitoring and self-monitoring tasks, in a non-clinical, student sample. The results indicated that hallucination-prone participants were more likely to misattribute self-generated auditory verbal imagery, both when instructed to generate imagery and when they retrospectively reported using imagery. Regression analysis also indicated that a tendency to use dialogic inner speech, biased performance on reality discrimination and self-monitoring tasks, and a tendency to perceive meaning in jumbled speech independently predicted hallucination-proneness. The studies presented in Chapters 5 and 6 investigated the neural basis of performance on auditory signal detection and source monitoring tasks using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Results indicated that modulating activity in the superior temporal gyrus/temporoparietal junction (STG/TPJ) affected the number of false perceptions on the signal detection task. However, stimulation to the left STG or medial prefrontal cortex did not affect performance on a source monitoring task. These results indicate that different cortical regions may be involved in the two tasks, and hence that they may reflect different aspects of how self-generated actions are experienced as such. Together, the four experimental chapters 1) provide evidence for inner speech accounts of AVH, 2) indicate the need for a more complex account of self-monitoring and reality discrimination in which both are seen as independent predictors of AVHs, and 3) suggest that the left STG plays a key role in reality discrimination, but less so in source monitoring tasks (at least in the encoding stage). The thesis concludes with a general discussion of these issues, and recommendations for future research.
Towards Individualized Ageing Functions for Human Face Images

We present an overview of work in progress to create ageing functions for the transformation of human face images. Our aims are twofold; Firstly, by extension to three dimensions, the problems of pose and lighting associated with photographs can be eliminated, and the shape changes associated with ageing modelled more accurately. Secondly, by using multi-variate statistical methods that can take individuality into account, the correlations between appearance and type of ageing can be learned and the most appropriate one automatically selected.
Use the Common Senses: Childbirth Education for Blind and Visually Impaired Persons

The author presents her experiences in teaching a class on pregnancy and childbirth to students in a school for the blind and visually impaired. Because many students were ignorant about anatomy, she spent much more time than she anticipated in teaching the basics. Techniques she found helpful were such audio and tactile materials as films, records, and anatomical models and charts, and comparing body parts to the other senses and to inanimate objects.