Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Action of External Volume Expansion Devices

Background: External volume expansion by suction has been proposed to improve the survival of fat grafting by preparing the recipient site. In previous experimental work, external volume expansion demonstrated the capacity to stimulate cell proliferation, vessel remodeling, and adipogenesis. This study investigated possible mechanisms underlying these observed changes. Methods: A miniaturized external volume expansion device was applied to the dorsum of mice for 2 hours. Hypoxia during stimulation was assessed with pimonidazole hydrochloride, and tissue perfusion was measured for up to 2 days using hyperspectral imaging. Treated tissues were evaluated by microscopy for edema, inflammation, and the effects on cell proliferation and vessel remodeling. Results: External volume expansion–treated tissues were grossly expanded with 2 hours of stimulation, developing a macroscopic swelling that regressed slowly over the course of hours following stimulus cessation. This gross swelling was reflective of histologic signs of intense edema, persistent for at least 1 hour after external volume expansion. Tissues were hypoxic during stimulation, and hyperspectral imaging demonstrated decreased tissue content of both oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the first hour after external volume expansion release. The onset of inflammation was already apparent by the end of stimulation and remained elevated through 2 days after external volume expansion. At this time point, epidermal and dermal cell proliferation and vascular density were significantly increased. Conclusion: External volume expansion sets in motion various mechanisms, including mechanical stimulation, edema, ischemia, and inflammation, that over distinct time periods maintain an environment conducive to cell proliferation and angiogenesis, which can be elicited even by a single 2-hour external volume expansion cycle.
Getting Out of Depression: Teens' Self-Help Interventions to Relieve Depressive Symptoms

ABSTRACT Most depressed adolescents do not access medical care for symptoms, yet many improve without professional intervention. While several self-help interventions have empirical support, teens' non-directed efforts to reduce symptoms are not documented. We reviewed 14 depressed adolescents' reports of attempts to reduce depressive symptoms. Results indicate social connection and behavioral activation were the most common interventions, with less frequent mentions of cognitive restructuring, problem solving, emotional expression, risky behaviors, and non-productive activities. Results indicate participants' attempt to reduce depressive symptoms by using techniques that have empirical support for their effectiveness. Providers can encourage teens' attempts to reduce symptoms with effective activities.
The Dynamics of Group Learning in a Cohort: From Nonlearning to Transformative Learning

The instructional cohort is a popular delivery format in educational administration programs. This case study delves into the “black box” of cohort learning by critically examining the relationship between group dynamics and the types of learning that took place among a set of group members within a cohort. This study shows how group dynamics— including group climate, norms, roles, and communication—can foster or impede learning. The study raises concerns about whether a focus on high-performing cohorts or groups necessarily results in meaningful learning for students. With the performance-learning tension in mind, implications and recommendations for instruction and future research are also presented.
Divine Will and its Extensions: Communicative Functions of maašaallah in Colloquial Jordanian Arabic

This study examines the communicative functions of the Arabic religious formula maašaallah in light of speech act theory, Gricean maxims, and Brown and Levinson's politeness model. Analysis of 500 instances of this formula in a variety of naturally occurring settings in colloquial Jordanian Arabic shows that the expression, as an extension of its semantic value of expressing divine will, is used as an invocation, a compliment, an expression of gladness, an expression of modesty, a marker of sarcasm, and as a conversational backchannel. The data suggest that this formula is also used as a mitigating device, whereby it is used to soften face threatening acts such as refusal, complaint and criticism. It is concluded that this formula serves as a membership marker whose use marks the speaker as a social insider who avoids acting in a way that would invite the “evil eye. ”
Open Innovation in SMEs: From Closed Boundaries to Networked Paradigm

Successful innovation is a key to business growth. In the realm of technological development, innovation processes have been transformed into various forms, like open innovation, crowdsourcing innovation, or collaborative innovation. This research would like to focus on open innovation processes to reach out to the common stakeholders in the entrepreneurship system through small and medium enterprises. It has been observed that to provide innovative services or products to the outer periphery of the customer chain, SMEs play an important role. Hence, focusing innovation for SMEs would lead to a newer dimension of innovation research for better business and economic growth. The research emphasizes on various open innovation strategies for SMEs at the outset by focusing transformation of innovation processes from a closed boundary leading to a networked paradigm, try to provide some overview on a few innovation strategies, and develop a business model. The paper also discusses about some challenges and barriers that SMEs are facing in implementing open innovation strategies. Before conclusion, it put forwards issues of future research.
Organ‐level histological and biomechanical responses from localized osteoarticular injury in the rabbit knee

The processes of whole‐joint osteoarthritis development following localized joint injuries are not well understood. To demonstrate this local‐to‐global linkage, we hypothesized that a localized osteoarticular injury in the rabbit knee would not only cause biomechanical and histological abnormalities in the involved compartment but also concurrent histological changes in the noninvolved compartment. Twenty rabbits had an acute osteoarticular injury that involved localized joint incongruity (a 2‐mm osteochondral defect created in the weight‐bearing area of the medial femoral condyle), while another 20 received control sham surgery. At the time of euthanasia at 8 or 16 weeks post‐surgery, the experimental knees were subjected to sagittal‐plane laxity measurement, followed by cartilage histo‐morphological evaluation using the Mankin score. The immediate effects of defect creation on joint stability and contact mechanics were explored in concomitant rabbit cadaver experimentation. The injured animals had cartilage histological scores significantly higher than in the sham surgery group (p < 0.01) on the medial femoral, medial tibial, and lateral femoral surfaces (predominantly on the medial surfaces), accompanied by slight (mean 20%) increase of sagittal‐plane laxity. Immediate injury‐associated alterations in the medial compartment contact mechanics were also demonstrated. Localized osteoarticular injury in this survival animal model resulted in global joint histological changes. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29:340–346, 2011
Breast-conserving treatment with or without radiotherapy in ductal carcinoma-in-situ: ten-year results of European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer randomized phase III trial 10853--a study by the EORTC Breast Cancer Cooperative Group and EORTC Radiotherapy Group.

PURPOSE The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer conducted a randomized trial investigating the role of radiotherapy (RT) after local excision (LE) of ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) of the breast. We analyzed the efficacy of RT with 10 years follow-up on both the overall risk of local recurrence (LR) and related to clinical, histologic, and treatment factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS After complete LE, women with DCIS were randomly assigned to no further treatment or RT (50 Gy). One thousand ten women with mostly (71%) mammographically detected DCIS were included. The median follow-up was 10.5 years. RESULTS The 10-year LR-free rate was 74% in the group treated with LE alone compared with 85% in the women treated by LE plus RT (log-rank P < .0001; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53). The risk of DCIS and invasive LR was reduced by 48% (P = .0011) and 42% (P = .0065) respectively. Both groups had similar low risks of metastases and death. At multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with an increased LR risk were young age (< or = 40 years; HR = 1.89), symptomatic detection (HR = 1.55), intermediately or poorly differentiated DCIS (as opposed to well-differentiated DCIS; HR = 1.85 and HR = 1.61 respectively), cribriform or solid growth pattern (as opposed to clinging/micropapillary subtypes; HR = 2.39 and HR = 2.25 respectively), doubtful margins (HR = 1.84), and treatment by LE alone (HR = 1.82). The effect of RT was homogeneous across all assessed risk factors. CONCLUSION With long-term follow-up, RT after LE for DCIS continued to reduce the risk of LR, with a 47% reduction at 10 years. All patient subgroups benefited from RT.
Automated Assessment of the Quality of Depression Websites

Background Since health information on the World Wide Web is of variable quality, methods are needed to assist consumers to identify health websites containing evidence-based information. Manual assessment tools may assist consumers to evaluate the quality of sites. However, these tools are poorly validated and often impractical. There is a need to develop better consumer tools, and in particular to explore the potential of automated procedures for evaluating the quality of health information on the web. Objective This study (1) describes the development of an automated quality assessment procedure (AQA) designed to automatically rank depression websites according to their evidence-based quality; (2) evaluates the validity of the AQA relative to human rated evidence-based quality scores; and (3) compares the validity of Google PageRank and the AQA as indicators of evidence-based quality. Method The AQA was developed using a quality feedback technique and a set of training websites previously rated manually according to their concordance with statements in the Oxford University Centre for Evidence-Based Mental Health’s guidelines for treating depression. The validation phase involved 30 websites compiled from the DMOZ, Yahoo! and LookSmart Depression Directories by randomly selecting six sites from each of the Google PageRank bands of 0, 1-2, 3-4, 5-6 and 7-8. Evidence-based ratings from two independent raters (based on concordance with the Oxford guidelines) were then compared with scores derived from the automated AQA and Google algorithms. There was no overlap in the websites used in the training and validation phases of the study. Results The correlation between the AQA score and the evidence-based ratings was high and significant (r=0.85, P<.001). Addition of a quadratic component improved the fit, the combined linear and quadratic model explaining 82 percent of the variance. The correlation between Google PageRank and the evidence-based score was lower than that for the AQA. When sites with zero PageRanks were included the association was weak and non-significant (r=0.23, P=.22). When sites with zero PageRanks were excluded, the correlation was moderate (r=.61, P=.002). Conclusions Depression websites of different evidence-based quality can be differentiated using an automated system. If replicable, generalizable to other health conditions and deployed in a consumer-friendly form, the automated procedure described here could represent an important advance for consumers of Internet medical information.
A New Constant Factor Approximation for Computing 3-Connected m-Dominating Sets in Homogeneous Wireless Networks

In this paper, we study the problem of constructing quality fault-tolerant Connected Dominating Sets (CDSs)in homogeneous wireless networks, which can be defined as minimum k-Connected m-Dominating Set ((k;m)-CDS) problem in Unit Disk Graphs (UDGs). We found that every existing approximation algorithm for this problem is incomplete for k >= 3 in a sense that it does not generate a feasible solution in some UDGs. Based on these observations, we propose a new polynomial time approximation algorithm for computing (3;m)-CDSs. We also show that our algorithm is correct and its approximation ratio is a constant.
Social comparisons and quality of life among survivors of childhood cancer and their mothers

Abstract Sixty-three survivors of childhood cancer (mean age 17 years), currently well and off-treatment, and their mothers were interviewed individually about their experiences and the impact of their illness on their lives. Survivors also completed four questionnaire measures of different aspects of quality of life (perceptions of illness experience, future worries, health problems and body image satisfaction), whereas mothers recorded their perceptions of their child's quality of life on the same four scales. These scales showed good internal consistency and convergent validity for both survivors and mothers. Mothers also completed a measure of their own quality of life (the SF-36). The interviews with both survivors and mothers were content-analysed for statements expressing social comparisons. These statements were coded according to whether the comparison implied a favourable, neutral or unfavourable evaluation of the individual survivor. Mothers who made a higher proportion of unfavourable comparisons reported worse adjustment for their child on all four scales and described their own quality of life more negatively. Among survivors, those who made a higher proportion of unfavourable comparisons gave significantly more negative self-ratings on one of the four scales. Correlations between survivors' and mothers' ratings on the four scales were positive, but comparatively low. This reinforces concerns about using parents as proxy judges of young people's quality of life, although the correlations were more satisfactory in the case of younger rather than older (>18.5 years) survivors. Mothers who rated their own quality of life as less satisfactory reported more problems for their child on all four scales, irrespective of how the survivors described themselves.
Hydrogen peroxide induces La cytoplasmic shuttling and increases hepatitis C virus internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation

We have previously shown that physio/pathological levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulate translation from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element in tissue-cultured cells. Here, using in vitro translation, we further show that H2O2 upregulates HCV IRES-dependent mRNA translation and correlates with an increase in intracellular oxidant level. Using Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, microscopy and affinity pulldown, we show that H2O2 stimulates HCV IRES-dependent translation and correlates with nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling of the La autoantigen, resulting in enhanced binding of cytoplasmic La to HCV IRES RNA. The role of the La protein in H2O2-stimulated IRES-dependent translation is further confirmed by the ability of an anti-La antibody to suppress H2O2-activated IRES-dependent translation in vitro. This is further supported by the ability of an ectopically expressed dominant, negative La mutant protein to suppress H2O2-inducible IRES-mediated translation in Huh7 cells, transiently transfected with a bicistronic reporter and in a sub-genomic replicon cell line resembling a persistent infection. On the other hand, translation from the encephalomyocarditis virus IRES is diminished in the presence of H2O2, suggesting that H2O2 translational responsiveness is a specific property of the HCV IRES and is not a general phenomenon for all viral IRESs. Altogether, these results suggest that HCV adapts to physio/pathological oxidative stress in the host cell by mediating La cytoplasmic shuttling to enhance its IRES-dependent translation.
The de novo and salvage pathways of GDP-mannose biosynthesis are both sufficient for the growth of bloodstream-form Trypanosoma brucei

The sugar nucleotide GDP‐mannose is essential for Trypanosoma brucei. Phosphomannose isomerase occupies a key position on the de novo pathway to GDP‐mannose from glucose, just before intersection with the salvage pathway from free mannose. We identified the parasite phosphomannose isomerase gene, confirmed that it encodes phosphomannose isomerase activity and localized the endogenous enzyme to the glycosome. We also created a bloodstream‐form conditional null mutant of phosphomannose isomerase to assess the relative roles of the de novo and salvage pathways of GDP‐mannose biosynthesis. Phosphomannose isomerase was found to be essential for parasite growth. However, supplementation of the medium with low concentrations of mannose, including that found in human plasma, relieved this dependence. Therefore, we do not consider phosphomannose isomerase to be a viable drug target. We further established culture conditions where we can control glucose and mannose concentrations and perform steady‐state [U‐13C]‐d‐glucose labelling. Analysis of the isotopic sugar composition of the parasites variant surface glycoprotein synthesized in cells incubated in 5 mM [U‐13C]‐d‐glucose in the presence and absence of unlabelled mannose showed that, under physiological conditions, about 80% of GDP‐mannose synthesis comes from the de novo pathway and 20% from the salvage pathway.
Proteomic analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in the major psychiatric disorders: Evidence for disease‐associated changes

Abnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex have previously been described in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. In this study 2‐DE was performed followed by mass spectrometric sequencing to identify disease‐specific protein changes within the anterior cingulate cortex in these psychiatric disorders. The 2‐DE system comprised IPGs 4–7 and 6–9 in the first, IEF dimension and SDS‐PAGE in the second dimension. Resultant protein spots were compared between control and disease groups. Statistical analysis indicated that 35 spots were differentially expressed in one or more groups. Proteins comprising 26 of these spots were identified by mass spectroscopy. These represented 19 distinct proteins; aconitate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, ATP synthase, succinyl CoA ketoacid transferase, carbonic anhydrase, α‐ and β‐tubulin, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐1 and ‐2, neuronal protein 25, trypsin precursor, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, sorcin, vacuolar ATPase, creatine kinase, albumin and guanine nucleotide binding protein β subunit. All but three of these proteins have previously been associated with the major psychiatric disorders. These findings provide support for the view that cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dysfunction are important components of the neuropathology of the major psychiatric disorders.
Analysis of Memory Formation during General Anesthesia (Propofol/Remifentanil) for Elective Surgery Using the Process-dissociation Procedure

Background:There have been reports of memory formation during general anesthesia. The process-dissociation procedure has been used to determine if these are controlled (explicit/conscious) or automatic (implict/unconscious) memories. This study used the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model and one which corrected for guessing to determine if more accurate results were obtained in this setting. Methods:A total of 160 patients scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled. Memory for words presented during propofol and remifentanil general anesthesia was tested postoperatively by using a word-stem completion task in a process-dissociation procedure. To assign possible memory effects to different levels of anesthetic depth, the authors measured depth of anesthesia using the BIS® XP monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, Norwood, MA). Results:Word-stem completion performance showed no evidence of memory for intraoperatively presented words. Nevertheless, an evaluation of these data using the original measurement model for process-dissociation data suggested an evidence of controlled (C = 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.02–0.08) and automatic (A = 0.11; 95% CI 0.09–0.12) memory processes (P < 0.01). However, when the data were evaluated with an extended measurement model taking base rates into account adequately, no evidence for controlled (C = 0.00; 95% CI –0.04 to 0.04) or automatic (A = 0.00; 95% CI –0.02 to 0.02) memory processes was obtained. The authors report and discuss parallel findings for published data sets that were generated by using the process-dissociation procedure. Conclusion:Patients had no memories for auditory information presented during propofol/remifentanil anesthesia after midazolam premedication. The use of the process-dissociation procedure with the original measurement model erroneously detected memories, whereas the extended model, corrected for guessing, correctly revealed no memory.
Little to be Expected from Auditory Training for Improving Visual Temporal Discrimination

It is known that the processing of temporal information is much more efficient in the auditory than in the visual modality. This study analyzes the possibility of improving the discrimination of short temporal intervals marked by two brief visual signals. The present experiment involves the simultaneous presentation of both auditory and visual signals and extensive duration discrimination training. The results show that visual duration discrimination gains a slight but statistically significant benefit from the auditory context, but that this benefit is not permanent and may partly depend on the initial level of discrimination. Finally, in spite of extensive training, performance levels remained much lower when only visual signals were presented than when auditory signals were presented.
Functional representation and reasoning for reflective systems

Functional models have been extensively investigated in the context of several problemsolving tasks such as device diagnosis and design. In this paper, we view problem solvers themselves as devices, and use structure-behavior-function models to represent how they work. The model representing the functioning of a problem solver explicitly specifies how the knowledge and reasoning of the problem solver result in the achievement of its goals. Then, we employ these models for performance-driven reflective learning. We view performance-driven learning as the task of redesigning the knowledge and reasoning of the problem solver to improve its performance. We use the model of the problem solver to monitor its reasoning. Assign blame when it fails, and appropriately redesign its knowledge and reasoning. This paper focuses on the model-based redesign of a path planner's task structure. It illustrates the modelbased reflection using examples from an operational system called the Autognostic system.