Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of a hallucinogenic serotonin 5‐HT2A receptor agonist on visually guided, hippocampal‐dependent spatial cognition in C57BL/6J mice

By acting on serotonin 5‐HT2A receptors (5‐HT2ARs), serotonergic psychedelic drugs induce perceptual and visual hallucinations by increasing neuronal excitability and altering visual‐evoked neuronal responses. The present study was designed to examine whether the perceptual alterations induced by a serotonergic psychedelic drug would affect the integrity of hippocampal‐dependent, visually guided spatial cognition. phenylalkylamine hallucinogen TCB‐2 is a selective agonist of 5‐HT2ARs. Mice received TCB‐2 (1.0 mg kg−1, i.p.), and spatial behaviors and hippocampal electrophysiological responses were measured with water maze tasks and in vivo single‐unit recording, respectively. TCB‐2 did not affect visual cue approach behavior in the visible platform water maze, but increased the latency of trained mice to initiate goal‐directed swimming during a probe test in the hidden platform Morris water maze, which could be prevented by 5‐HT2AR antagonist MDL 11,939. Interestingly, TCB‐2 did not affect the efficiency of the swim path or the proper use of distal visual cues during the probe test. Hippocampal place cell activity is considered to represent spatial and context‐specific episodic memory. Systemic TCB‐2 did not affect previously established place fields of CA1 neurons in mice exploring a familiar environment, or the remapping of place cells when the mice explored a novel environment. However, TCB‐2 impaired the long‐term stability of place fields for the novel environment initially encoded under the influence of TCB‐2, which could be prevented by 5‐HT2AR antagonist MDL 11,939. Our data indicate that hallucinogenic 5‐HT2AR agonist delays the initiation of spatial search behavior, but does not impair the use of visual cues to guide goal‐directed spatial behavior. Moreover, activation of 5‐HT2ARs does not impair the coding and retrieval of spatial information, but impairs the long‐term stability of new formed place fields of CA1 neurons. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of Rich Document Representation in XML Retrieval

Information Retrieval (IR) systems are built with different goals in mind. Some IR systems target high precision that is to have more relevant documents on the first page of their results. Other systems may target high recall that is finding as many references as possible. In this paper we present a method of document representation called RDR to build XML retrieval engines with high specificity; that is finding more relevant documents that are mostly about the query topic. The Rich Document Representation (RDR) is a method of representing the content of a document with logical terms and statements. The conjecture is that since RDR is a better representation of the document content it will produce higher precision. In our implementation, we used the Vector Space model to compute the similarity between the XML elements and queries. Our experiments are conducted on INEX 2004 test collection. The results indicate that the use of richer features such as logical terms or statements for XML retrieval tends to produce more focused retrieval. Therefore it is a suitable document representation when users need only a few more specific references and are more interested in precision than recall.
Possible functions of adrenomedullin from the seminal fluid in the female reproductive tract of the rat

Adrenomedullin (ADM) is found in male accessory sex glands and is part of the seminal secretion. It plays an important role in protecting the sperm in the female reproductive tract. In this study, we investigated the roles of ADM in inflammation and oxidative stress in the endometrium and in leukocyte and macrophage infiltration in the endometrial stroma. The expression of the ADM gene in the ventral prostate, coagulating gland, and seminal vesicle was determined by real time PCR. The peptide levels in the tissue and secretion were measured using an EIA Kit. The highest ADM mRNA and peptide levels were found in the ventral prostate. Most of the ADM in the seminal vesicle was stored in the tissue while little was secreted. The expression of the IL-1β gene and the secretion of TNFα and IL-6 in uterine tissue decreased significantly after treatment with ADM for 4 hours. Using an immunostaining method, the levels of leukocyte and macrophage infiltration were found to be lower at 24 hours post coitus than 1.5 hours post coitus. The infusion of ADM receptor antagonist reduced the infiltration of leukocyte and macrophages in the endometrial stroma at 24 hours post coitus. As to the anti-oxidative effect of ADM in the female tract, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in isolated endometrial epithelial cells was significantly decreased after treatment with ADM or seminal fluid. Our findings demonstrated that ADM in the seminal secretion may modify the inflammatory responses, play an anti-oxidative role, and increase leukocyte and macrophage infiltration in the uterus.
Sequential Bayesian Sparse Signal Reconstruction Using Array Data

In this paper, the sequential reconstruction of source waveforms under a sparsity constraint is considered from a Bayesian perspective. Let the wave field, which is observed by a sensor array, be caused by a spatially-sparse set of sources. A spatially weighted Laplace-like prior is assumed for the source field and the corresponding weighted Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) cost function is derived. After the weighted LASSO solution has been calculated as the maximum a posteriori estimate at time step k, the posterior distribution of the source amplitudes is analytically approximated. The weighting of the Laplace-like prior for time step k+1 is then fitted to the approximated posterior distribution. This results in a sequential update for the LASSO weights. Thus, a sequence of weighted LASSO problems is solved for estimating the temporal evolution of a sparse source field. The method is evaluated numerically using a uniform linear array in simulations and applied to data which were acquired from a towed horizontal array during the long range acoustic communications experiment.
National Standardization of the Occupational Field Interest Inventory (OFII) for Turkish Culture According to Age and Gender

Problem statement: Interest can be defined as “when an individual pays attention to an object without special effort, maintains her/his attention for a long time, and is aware of and transforms this attentiveness into a response and an attitude. ” Vocational interests indicate an individual’s feelings about employment, courses of study, hobbies, free time activities and life choices. A multitude of interest inventories are used for measuring vocational interest throughout the world. Currently in the Republic of Turkey, however, there are very few available interest inventories being utilized for educational and/or research purposes. Most of them are only used to established norms. Purpose of the Study. The aim of this study is to create a standardization process which incorporates the values to be used as norms in Occupational Field Interest Inventories (Mesleki Alan Ilgi EnvanteriOFII)’s for sub-dimensions according to age (13-19+ years old) and gender in Turkey. Method: The application has been performed in Level 1 of Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). Twelve provinces, one from each region, were used in this application. Within the research group, a sampling method based on probability was used. Participants ranged in age from 11 to 26, but most (98.8%) were between 13 and 20. The participants consisted of 3799 students, 51% men (n=1936) and 49% women (n=1863). The data for the study was collected online using the OFII during a period of approximately one month. In this study, independent samples t test and two-way ANOVA were used for the significance of mean difference.
The Therapeutic Benefits of Horticulture in a Mental Health Service

Introduction: The use of horticulture in mental health settings is widespread. Moreover, its effectiveness is supported by a body of qualitative evidence. Aims: The investigators in this research study sought to determine those aspects of their horticultural projects that conferred the greatest therapeutic benefit to their clients. They used outcome measures to rate the responses of participants, paying particular attention to the participants' expressed motivation. Method: Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to evaluate six horticultural projects. Ten participants were interviewed, using an adapted version of the Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS) to rate factors that supported their motivation. Fifty participants were assessed, using the Volitional Questionnaire (VQ) to observe and rate the extent of their motivation. Findings: The therapeutic value of horticulture arose from a complex interplay of personal factors, including gender-based preferences, individual interests and social needs. Conclusion: The benefits of engaging in horticultural activity are not automatic. The external environment provides challenges, which can be graded by the facilitators to maximise the therapeutic benefit.
Are Risk Attitudes and Individualism Predictors of Entrepreneurship? A Multivariate Analysis of Romanian Data

This paper emerges in the context of authors` previous investigations concerning the individual determinants of entrepreneurship. More specific, it focuses on elaborating and empirically testing hypotheses related to structural push and pull factors, e.g. age, gender, education, type of residence, and also to two kinds of psycho-attitudinal factors, i.e. risk aversion and individualist vs. etatist economic ideology. While the literature review gives credit to both hypotheses, especially for the influence of risk attitudes on starting a business, this paper focuses on the analysis of self-employment by using the block-model logistic regression on 2008 Romanian EVS (European Values Survey) data. The results of multivariate analysis confirm the importance of risk aversion for entrepreneurship, as expected, but reject the hypothesis of a significant effect of individual’s option for individualist vs. collectivist (or statist) continuum. It is important to notice that, contrary to expectations, two important push factors, i.e. age and education, do not correlate with self-employment and, on the other hand, risk attitude adds itself to the other effects without interacting with it. The theoretical consequences of the findings, the limits of the research and further developments are also discussed in the paper.
Making Sense of Corporate Tour-Guide Bloggers' Networking Behavior: A Social Network Perspective

Drawing on studies of social networks and technology sensemaking, this study examines tour guide bloggers’ perceptions of their corporate blogs and how their perceptions and interpretations lead to different types of relationships in their blog networks. We conduct a qualitative case study of a major Taiwanese travel agency. Our findings suggest that corporate bloggers as actors make different senses on blogging and these senses lead them to establish different levels of closeness to their alters (other network actors). Providing social support and especially material support play significant roles in aggrandizing the transitivity, which help to attract more visitors to their blogs. However, the innovation and potential connections that may follow from the individualistic styles of some bloggers in addition to the hedonic emotional support to a travel blog should not be overlooked. Corporate bloggers should thus consider offering more incentives and should be given freedom to prosper in their grassroots use of technology.
Boundary Layer Resolving Pseudospectral Methods for Singular Perturbation Problems

Pseudospectral methods are investigated for singularly perturbed boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which possess boundary layers. It is well known that if the boundary layer is very small then a very large number of spectral collocation points is required to obtain accurate solutions. We introduce here a new effective procedure based on coordinate stretching and the Chebyshev pseudospectral method to resolve the boundary layers. Stable and accurate results are obtained for very thin boundary layers with a fairly small number of spectral collocation points.
Cryptosystems Resilient to Both Continual Key Leakages and Leakages from Hash Function

Yoneyama et al. introduced Leaky Random Oracle Model (LROM for short) at ProvSec2008 in order to discuss security (or insecurity) of cryptographic schemes which use hash functions as building blocks when leakages from pairs of input and output of hash functions occur. This kind of leakages occurs due to various attacks caused by sloppy usage or implementation. Their results showed that this kind of leakages may threaten the security of some cryptographic schemes. However, an important fact is that such attacks would leak not only pairs of input and output of hash functions, but also the secret key. Therefore, LROM is rather limited in the sense that it considers leakages from pairs of input and output of hash functions alone, instead of taking into consideration other possible leakages from the secret key simultaneously. On the other hand, many other leakage models mainly concentrate on leakages from the secret key and ignore leakages from hash functions for a cryptographic scheme exploiting hash functions in these leakage models. Some examples show that the above drawbacks of LROM and other leakage models may cause insecurity of some schemes which are secure in the two kinds of leakage model. In this paper, we present an augmented model of both LROM and some leakage models, which both the secret key and pairs of input and output of hash functions can be leaked. Furthermore, the secret key can be leaked continually during the whole life cycle of a cryptographic scheme. Hence, our new model is more universal and stronger than LROM and some leakage models (e.g. only computation leaks model and bounded memory leakage model). As an application example, we also present a public key encryption scheme which is provably IND-CCA secure in our new model.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Hosts are often connected by multiple paths, but TCP restricts communications to a single path per transport connection. Resource usage within the network would be more efficient were these multiple paths able to be used concurrently. This should enhance user experience through improved resilience to network failure and higher throughput. This document outlines architectural guidelines for the development of a Multipath Transport Protocol, with references to how these architectural components come together in the development of a Multipath TCP (MPTCP). This document lists certain high-level design decisions that provide foundations for the design of the MPTCP protocol, based upon these architectural requirements.
Utility of Cognitive Models

In ergonomics the approach of cognitive modeling is crucial for the design of human-machine systems. With regard to the user interface design of future manufacturing systems eleven requirements for cognitive models are introduced. These requirements are used to evaluate a total of five cognitive models with regard to three ergonomic design paradigms: (1) the design of decision support systems, (2) the design for minimized stress and strain, and (3) the design for wholistic tasks and personal development. The evaluated cognitive models include Caccibue's Cognitive Simulation Model, Card's et al. Model Human Information Processor, and Rasmussen's Model of Human Performance. In addition, two explicatory models are evaluated: Newell's Unified Theories of Cognition and Anderson's ACT-R model. The results demonstrate a superiority of the Rasmussen approach concerning the first and third design paradigm. Concerning the second design paradigm Newell's Unified Theories of Cognition have the best evaluation result.
Language Modeling Based Passage Retrieval for Question Answering Systems

Passage retrieval is an essential part of question answering systems. Previous work has shown that language modeling techniques provide better results for information retrieval, both for document and passage retrieval [1, 2, 3, 4]. The motivation behind this thesis is to define a passage retrieval technique for question answering systems, by generating passages and re-scoring them. The goal is to improve the quality of question answering system by isolating the correct answer, which includes choosing and evaluating the right passages. This thesis presents new smoothing algorithms based on statistical language modeling, which conduct more efficient passage retrieval. To generate baseline for our experiments, existing information retrieval methods were utilized. These include both language modeling and traditional methods. Jelinek-Mercer, Dirichlet Prior, and Absolute Discounting smoothing techniques were used in baseline experiments. Our proposed new smoothing algorithms can also be used to find passage level evidence in document retrieval and for web search.
ssessing the Skills of Surgical Residents sing Simulation

imulation-based assessment is a new paradigm in medical edcation. The history of simulation is rich and long, and much of t is derived from the military and the aviation industries since he 1930s. Simulation has been defined as “A situation in hich a particular set of conditions is created artificially in order o study or experience something that could exist in reality. ” imulation provides a safe and supportive educational climate. nlike patients, simulators do not become embarrassed or tressed; they have predictable behavior; are available at any ime to fit curriculum needs; can be programmed to simulate elected findings, conditions, situations, and complications; alow standardized experience for all residents; can be used reeatedly with fidelity and reproducibility; and can be used to rain for both clinical skills and high stakes examinations. Since the 1980s, the use of simulation technology in clinical ducation has become popular for the training and the assessent of medical students and residents. Increased attention to atient care and ethical issues, demands for innovation in clincal education, and accelerating advances in diagnostic and herapeutic procedures have all prompted a growing interest in he use of simulators for medical training. As skills become ore complex, the challenge of assessment increases. Clinical imulators such as part task trainers, computer-based systems, irtual reality and haptic systems, simulated patients, simulated nvironment, and integrated simulators have been used effecively to assess technical skills. Such clinical simulators for ssessment have 3 main purposes: to optimize the capabilities of ll residents by providing motivation and direction for future earning, to protect the public by identifying incompetent res-
Decision making fuzzy model for software engineering role assignment based on fuzzy logic and big five patterns using RAMSET

The choice of role selection for individuals in working team software developing projects is the basis of all Software Developing Process for organizations to be competitive in the industry. This paper proposes a Decision Making Fuzzy Model for Software Engineering Role Assignment based on Fuzzy Logic with Big Five Patterns using our RAMSET methodology. This model facilitates the role assignment decision making process and is a first approach for support toward assisting any organization or human resource personnel to select adequate new candidates for software engineering roles or reassign personnel already working in the organization to their best suited role for satisfactory performance.
A Fast Collision Detection Algorithm Based on Multi-Agent Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper, a fast collision detection algorithm based on multi-agent particle swarm optimization (MPSO) is proposed. We use the stochastic method to convert the collision detection problem into a nonlinear optimization problem in the distance mechanism. Combined with the evolution strategy of particle swarm optimization and the multi-agent system technology, a multi-agent particle swarm optimization based on the hierarchical topology structure is presented for the problem. The simulation results prove that this algorithm has a good optimal searching performance and it can satisfy the real-time requirement.
Checking consistency in mixed treatment comparison meta‐analysis

Pooling of direct and indirect evidence from randomized trials, known as mixed treatment comparisons (MTC), is becoming increasingly common in the clinical literature. MTC allows coherent judgements on which of the several treatments is the most effective and produces estimates of the relative effects of each treatment compared with every other treatment in a network.
Determination of native oligomeric state and substrate specificity of rat NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 after heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes.

NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 are two related plasma membrane-located enzymes involved in the extracellular degradation of nucleoside 5'-tri- and -diphosphates. They differ regarding their hydrolysis ratios for ATP and ADP. Both enzymes have a predicted transmembrane domain close to the N- and C-terminus, respectively, connected by an extensive extracellular domain that carries the active site. We expressed the rat-derived enzymes in Xenopus laevis oocytes and analyzed their quarternary structure. As revealed by application of blue native PAGE and a comparison of glutaraldehyde cross-linking, native NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 occur in oligomeric form. Oligomer formation of the cell surface-located pool of the enzymes was verified by surface iodination. The two enzymes differed in oligomeric structure and in oligomer complex stability. NTPDase1 preferentially occurred as a dimer that could be dissociated into monomeric forms in the presence of Coomassie Brilliant blue G-250 and dithiothreitol whereas NTPDase2 revealed higher oligomeric forms up to tetramers, largely resistant to dithiothreitol. Our results further suggest that the enzymes exist in varying oligomeric states. In contrast to NTPDase1, substrate specificity of NTPDase2 was altered with prolonged expression time, resulting in a decrease in the ATPase/ADPase activity ratio from 10 : 1 to 2.5 : 1. This was accompanied by a transition into a higher oligomeric state. Our results suggest that despite close sequence identity, NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 differ in oligomeric structure. Dynamic alterations in oligomeric state may induce changes in substrate preference and thus influence the pattern of extracellular nucleotide degradation in situ.
Time Integration of Tensor Trains

A robust and efficient time integrator for dynamical tensor approximation in the tensor train or matrix product state format is presented. The method is based on splitting the projector onto the tangent space of the tensor manifold. The algorithm can be used for updating time-dependent tensors in the given data-sparse tensor train / matrix product state format and for computing an approximate solution to high-dimensional tensor differential equations within this data-sparse format. The formulation, implementation and theoretical properties of the proposed integrator are studied, and numerical experiments with problems from quantum molecular dynamics and with iterative processes in the tensor train format are included.