Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain reorganization in patients with spinal cord compression evaluated using fMRI

Objective: This prospective study characterizes the reorganization that occurs within the primary sensorimotor cortices following decompression of cervical spinal stenosis. Methods: Twelve right-handed patients with cervical myelopathy underwent blood oxygenation level dependent functional MRI (fMRI) prior to decompression and 6 months following surgery. Ten right-handed controls also underwent fMRI. All subjects performed a finger-tapping paradigm with the right hand. Volume time course data were corrected for temporal serial correlation and % normalized before inclusion in the general linear model. Activation maps were created for each group using a threshold of p < 0.005 with Bonferroni correction. Between-group differences in left hemisphere volume of activation (VOA) were measured along the precentral gyrus (PrCG) and postcentral gyrus (PoCG). Each subject also completed clinical questionnaires. Results: Prior to surgery, patients demonstrated a larger VOA (1.23 cm3, tmax = 11.8) in comparison to controls within the PrCG. This difference increased following surgery (2.99 cm3, tmax = 13.6). Within the PoCG, controls demonstrated a larger VOA (0.53 cm3, tmax = 8.28) than preoperative patients. This difference decreased by 0.12 cm3 (tmax = 7.05) following surgery. Preoperatively, patients had a 21.7 cm3 VOA (tmax = 29.4) within the sensorimotor cortex with the center of gravity located within Brodmann area (BA) 3. Following surgery, the VOA increased to 23.1 cm3 (tmax = 26.1) within BA 3. There were significant improvements in clinical outcomes following surgery. Conclusions: Spinal cord compression resulted in an increase in volume of activation (VOA) within the precentral gyrus (PrCG) and a loss of VOA within the postcentral gyrus (PoCG) in comparison to controls. Surgical decompression results in cortical reorganization with enlarging VOA within both the PrCG and PoCG.
The surgical treatment of endomyocardial fibrosis: results in 55 patients.

Over a 5 year period we have operated on 55 patients with endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). The patients were from 4 to 56 years old (mean 13) and they were usually in poor condition at the time of surgery, with 47% in class III, and 24% in class IV with respect to cardiac function. They presented with right heart restrictive diastolic filling pattern (n = 17), mitral insufficiency (n = 18), or a combined syndrome (n = 20). All patients were operated upon during cardiopulmonary bypass and were submitted to a combination of the following procedures: endocardiectomy (30 right ventricular, 28 left ventricular), valvular replacement (21 tricuspid valve, 27 mitral valve), and/or valvuloplasty (10 mitral, five tricuspid). Nine patients, all with left ventricular or bilateral EMF, died in the postoperative period (16%), mainly of low cardiac output. There were five late deaths (three valve related). All other patients were functionally improved at the mean follow-up of 32 months. Twenty-two underwent a late catheterization study. We conclude the following from our experience: EMF is a very severe disease that is seen mainly in childhood and adolescence, carries a poor spontaneous prognosis, and is frequently seen in tropical countries. Surgical treatment is beneficial, but surgical mortality is high. Our technical modifications have totally eliminated the occurrence of postoperative complete heart block. A conservative valvular procedure has been shown to be possible even in some patients with severe mitral insufficiency and left ventricular EMF. The late objective improvement is better in those with left ventricular EMF than in those with right ventricular EMF. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
QFEC: A real-time scheduling algorithm based on stream media

Because of the best-effort network, the QoS of video transmission can't be gotten well Guarantee. With the development of network, the video applications based on Internet are growing rapidly. The real-time video applications become popular. Because of the complexity of the network and real-time stream video on demand, the scheduling algorithm has great influence on the QoS. In this paper, a scheduling algorithm based on Real-time Stream Video, QFEC(QoS based on FEC) algorithm is proposed, associated the FEC and Kalman Filter theories. According to the status of the receiver, the sending rate is adapted automatically by Kalman filter. The state of the scheduling algorithm is analyzed. This algorithm can maintain the continuity of the real-time video transmission. The simulation results are given, which indicate the scheduling algorithm can provide good video service.
Conventional and Islamic indices in Indonesia: A Comparison on Performance, Volatility, and the Determinants

The purpose of this study is to evaluate performance and volatility of Islamic andconventional stock indices along with their determinant factor variables in Indonesia. The study adopts: (1) Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) to compare the performance of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) to represent Islamic indexandLQ45 to represent the conventional, (2) beta calculation to measure volatility, and (3) Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to capture the determinants and the reason behind the outperformance. The data coverage is from January 2006 to November 2015. The study finds that: (1) There is no significant differenceon performance between JII and LQ45, (2) JII is less volatile than LQ45, except in 2010, and (3)JII performance is less affected by external factorsexcept for crude oil price. Moreover, the result implies challenge for the authorities to educate society, particularly whom concern to shari’ah principles, with information that Islamic index performance is not much difference from conventional index and less volatile.
Analytical implications of using practice theory in workplace information literacy research

Introduction. This paper considers practice theory and the analytical implications of using this theoretical approach in information literacy research. More precisely the aim of the paper is to discuss the translation of practice theoretical assumptions into strategies that frame the analytical focus and interest when researching workplace information literacy. Two practice theoretical perspectives are selected, one by Theodore Schatzki and one by Etienne Wenger, and their general commonalities and differences are analysed and discussed. Analysis. The two practice theories and their main ideas of what constitute practices, how practices frame social life and the central concepts used to explain this, are presented. Then the application of the theories within workplace information literacy research is briefly explored.
What are cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases doing in the driver's seat of carcinogenesis?

Substantial evidence supports a functional role for cyclooxygenase‐ and lipoxygenase‐catalyzed arachidonic and linoleic acid metabolism in cancer development. Genetic intervention studies firmly established cause‐effect relations for cyclooxygenase‐2, but cyclooxygenase‐1 may also be involved. In addition, pharmacologic cyclooxygenase inhibition was found to suppress carcinogenesis in both experimental mouse models and several cancers in humans. Arachidonic acid‐derived eicosanoid or linoleic acid‐derived hydro[peroxy]fatty acid signaling are likely to be involved impacting fundamental biologic phenomina as diverse as cell growth, cell survival, angiogenesis, cell invasion, metastatic potential and immunomodulation. However, long chain unsaturated fatty acid oxidation reactions indicate antipodal functions of distinct lipoxygenase isoforms in carcinogenesis, i.e., the 5‐ and platelet‐type 12‐lipoxygenase exhibit procarcinogenic activities, while 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 and 15‐lipoxygenase‐2 may suppress carcinogenesis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Efficacy and Safety of Acetaminophen and Naproxen in the Treatment of Tension-Type Headache. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of single doses of acetaminophen (paracetamol) 1000 mg and naproxen 375 mg vs. placebo over a six-hour period in the treatment of tension-type headache. The treatments were compared in a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Efficacy was evaluated using four standard analgesic summary endpoints (the sum of pain intensity differences from baseline, the maximum pain intensity from baseline, the sum of the pain relief scores, and the maximum pain relief score). Both acetaminophen 1000 mg and naproxen 375 mg were significantly superior to placebo (P ≤ 0.009 and P ≤ 0.021, respectively) but not significantly different from each other (P ≥ 0.498) for these four endpoints. For example, the mean sum of pain intensity differences from baseline was 9.14 ± 0.34 for acetaminophen 1000 mg and 8.81 ± 0.35 for naproxen 375 mg compared with 7.42 ± 0.34 for placebo. Other efficacy endpoints (percentage of responders (pain reduced to none) at two hours, onset of meaningful relief, time to use of rescue medication and subject's overall impression of study medication) showed similar trends. A significantly larger mean pain intensity difference from baseline was observed for acetaminophen 1000 mg (1.13) than for naproxen 375 mg (0.95) (P = 0.036) at one hour after treatment. There was no significant difference among the treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events (P = 0.730). In summary, the results of this well-controlled, double-blind study demonstrate that over-the-counter acetaminophen 1000 mg and prescription naproxen 375 mg are effective and well tolerated in the treatment of tough (moderate-to-severe) tension-type headache.
Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics of Tazobactam in Combination with Piperacillin in an In Vitro Infection Model

ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) index best associated with the efficacy of tazobactam when used in combination with ceftolozane to be the percentage of the dosing interval during which tazobactam concentrations remained above a threshold value (%time>threshold). Using an in vitro infection model and the same isogenic CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli triplet set genetically engineered to transcribe different levels of blaCTX-M-15, herein we describe dose fractionation studies designed to evaluate the PK-PD index associated with tazobactam efficacy, when given in combination with piperacillin, and the impact of the presence of a different β-lactam agent, or different blaCTX-M-15 transcription levels, on the magnitude of the tazobactam PK-PD index necessary for efficacy. The recombinant strains demonstrated piperacillin MIC values of 128, >256, and >256 μg/ml for the low-, moderate-, and high-level CTX-M-15-producing E. coli strains, respectively. The MIC value for piperacillin in the presence of 4 μg/ml of tazobactam was 2 μg/ml for all three strains. The PK-PD index associated with tazobactam efficacy was confirmed to be %time>threshold, regardless of β-lactamase transcription (r2 = 0.839). The tazobactam concentration thresholds, however, changed with the CTX-M-15 transcription level and were 0.25, 0.5, and 2 μg/ml for the low-, moderate-, and high-level CTX-M-15-producing strains, respectively (r2 = 0.921, 0.773, and 0.875, respectively). The %time>threshold values for tazobactam necessary for net bacterial stasis and a 1- and 2-log10-unit CFU/ml decrease from baseline at 24 h were 44.9, 62.9, and 84.9%, respectively. In addition to verifying our previous study results, these results also demonstrated that the magnitude of bacterial-cell killing associated with a β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination is dependent on the amount of β-lactamase produced. These data provide important information for the development of β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combination agents.
Learning to be economical: the energy cost of walking tracks motor adaptation

Neuroscientists often suggest that we adapt our movements to minimize energy use; however, recent studies have provided conflicting evidence in this regard. In the present study, we show that motor learning robustly increases the economy of locomotion during split‐belt treadmill adaptation. We also demonstrate that reductions in metabolic power scale with the magnitude of adaptation and are also associated with a reduction in muscle activity throughout the lower limbs. Our results provide strong evidence that increasing economy may be a key criterion driving the systematic changes in co‐ordination during locomotor adaptation. These findings may also facilitate the design of novel interventions to improve locomotor learning in stroke survivors.
Application of neuro-fuzzy approaches to recognition and classification of infant cry

Languages are used as a tool for human to communicate their needs to one another. To be able to use any language human beings need time to learn to achieve understanding. The newborn babies use their cries by their instinct to communicate their needs. The difference cries of the infant can indicate different requirements. This work proposes a method to determine the meanings of infant cries according to the baby expert. It applies the novel Neuro-fuzzy techniques for the classification and Perceptual Linear Prediction for recognition the infant cries. The results showed that the classification performance obtained by using the Neuro-fuzzy yielded the most desirable accuracy than others popular methods. In addition, The Neuro-fuzzy structure designed in this paper can be applied to speech recognition of other further research.
Reading ability of parents compared with reading level of pediatric patient education materials.

OBJECTIVES To test the reading ability of parents of pediatric outpatients and to compare their reading ability with the ability necessary to read commonly used educational materials; to compare individual reading grade levels with the levels of the last grade completed in school; and to further validate a new literacy screening test designed specifically for medical settings. DESIGN Prospective survey. SETTING Pediatrics outpatient clinic in a large, public university, teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred ninety-six parents or other caretakers accompanying pediatric outpatients. MEASUREMENTS Demographics and educational status were assessed using a structured interview. Reading ability was tested using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised. Written educational materials were assessed for readability levels with a computer program (Grammatik IV). RESULTS The mean score on the REALM for all parents placed them in the seventh to eighth grade reading range, despite the mean self-reported last grade completed in school being 11th grade 5th month. Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised scores correlated well with REALM scores (0.82). Eighty percent of 129 written materials from the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Centers for Disease Control, the March of Dimes, pharmaceutical companies, and commercially available baby books required at least a 10th grade reading level. Only 25% of 60 American Academy of Pediatrics items and 19% of all materials tested were written at less than a ninth grade level, and only 2% of all materials were written at less than a seventh grade level. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that parents' self-reported education level will not accurately indicate their reading ability. Testing is needed to screen at-risk parents for low reading levels. In a public health setting, a significant amount of available parent education materials and instructions require a higher reading level than most parents have achieved. In such settings, all materials probably should be written at less than a high school level if most parents are to be expected to read them. The REALM can easily be used in busy public health clinics to screen parents for reading ability.
Nature of Cross-Polarized Radiations from Probe-Fed Circular Microstrip Antennas and Their Suppression Using Different Geometries of Defected Ground Structure (DGS)

Experiments with probe-fed circular patches using conventional and defected ground planes flashed some interesting features relating to cross-polarized (XP) electric fields and associated radiations before the present authors. Those led to a series of new investigations for understanding the nature of XP fields and to deal with them using defected ground structure (DGS) for improved XP performance. In the first phase of investigation, the XP radiations of a probe-fed circular patch with conventional ground plane have been critically studied as a function of the radial probe location. Remarkably significant effect is experimentally demonstrated. New information about orthogonal resonant fields and its importance in designing an antenna is provided. In the second phase of investigation, limitations of dot-shaped DGS in reducing XP level are experimentally studied. As its improved variants, two new DGS geometries such as annular ring and circular arcs have been explored. The arc-DGS appears to be highly efficient in terms of suppressing XP fields. Suppression by 10-12 dB has been experimentally demonstrated. Each design has been experimented in both C- and X-bands to earn confidence on the measured data.
Simulation of photovoltaic systems and microgrids in distribution networks

This paper discusses the connection of photovoltaic system, including microgrids formation, in power distribution networks. The proposed model integrates the descriptive elements of a photovoltaic system: solar radiation, typical load behaviors (residential, commercial and industrial). Based on the developed methodology, a computer implementation of the modules for simulation and impact analysis of photovoltaic generation penetration has been carried out. In order to evaluate the methodology case study simulations have been performed.
Designated Market Makers Still Matter: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments

Independent technological glitches forced two separate trading halts on different U.S. exchanges during the week of July 6, 2015. During each halt, all other exchanges remained open. We exploit exogenous variation provided by this unprecedented coincidence, in conjunction with a proprietary data set, to identify the causal impact of Designated Market Maker (DMM) participation on liquidity. When the voluntary liquidity providers on one exchange were removed, liquidity remained unchanged; when DMMs were removed, liquidity decreased market-wide. We find evidence consistent with the idea that these DMMs, despite facing only mild formal obligations, significantly improve liquidity in the modern electronic marketplace.
Cracking Classifiers for Evasion: A Case Study on the Google's Phishing Pages Filter

Various classifiers based on the machine learning techniques have been widely used in security applications. Meanwhile, they also became an attack target of adversaries. Many existing studies have paid much attention to the evasion attacks on the online classifiers and discussed defensive methods. However, the security of the classifiers deployed in the client environment has not got the attention it deserves. Besides, earlier studies only concentrated on the experimental classifiers developed for research purposes only. The security of widely-used commercial classifiers still remains unclear. In this paper, we use the Google's phishing pages filter (GPPF), a classifier deployed in the Chrome browser which owns over one billion users, as a case to investigate the security challenges for the client-side classifiers. We present a new attack methodology targeting on client-side classifiers, called classifiers cracking. With the methodology, we successfully cracked the classification model of GPPF and extracted sufficient knowledge can be exploited for evasion attacks, including the classification algorithm, scoring rules and features, etc. Most importantly, we completely reverse engineered 84.8% scoring rules, covering most of high-weighted rules. Based on the cracked information, we performed two kinds of evasion attacks to GPPF, using 100 real phishing pages for the evaluation purpose. The experiments show that all the phishing pages (100%) can be easily manipulated to bypass the detection of GPPF. Our study demonstrates that the existing client-side classifiers are very vulnerable to classifiers cracking attacks.
Vitamin E in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: The Women’s Health Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial

CONTEXT Information on the school-age functioning and special health care needs of extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW, <1000 g) children is necessary to plan for medical and educational services. OBJECTIVE To examine neurosensory, developmental, and medical conditions together with the associated functional limitations and special health care needs of ELBW children compared with normal-birth-weight (NBW) term-born children (controls). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A follow-up study at age 8 years of a cohort of 219 ELBW children born 1992 to 1995 (92% of survivors) and 176 NBW controls of similar sociodemographic status conducted in Cleveland, Ohio. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parent Questionnaire for Identifying Children with Chronic Conditions of 12 months or more and categorization of specific medical diagnoses and developmental disabilities based on examination of the children. RESULTS In logistic regression analyses adjusting for sociodemographic status and sex, ELBW children had significantly more chronic conditions than NBW controls, including functional limitations (64% vs 20%, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 8.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-13.1; P<.001), compensatory dependency needs (48% vs 23%, respectively; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9-4.7; P<.001), and services above those routinely required by children (65% vs 27%, respectively; OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.4-8.5; P<.001). These differences remained significant when the 36 ELBW children with neurosensory impairments were excluded. Specific diagnoses and disabilities for ELBW vs NBW children included cerebral palsy (14% vs 0%, respectively; P<.001), asthma (21% vs 9%; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6; P = .001), vision of less than 20/200 (10% vs 3%; OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-7.8; P = .02), low IQ of less than 85 (38% vs 14%; OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.7-7.7; P<.001), limited academic skills (37% vs 15%; OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.5-7.3; P<.001), poor motor skills (47% vs 10%; OR, 7.8; 95% CI, 4.5-13.6; P<.001), and poor adaptive functioning (69% vs 34%; OR, 6.5; 95% CI, 4.0-10.6; P<.001). CONCLUSION The ELBW survivors in school at age 8 years who were born in the 1990s have considerable long-term health and educational needs.
Legitimacy and comparative economic success at the core of the world system: an exploratory study

This paper suggests that comparative economic success is influenced by political choices which themselves are linked to the competitive world system. Governments produce social order (or protection) as a territorially bounded public utility, which is seen as a productive force. Citizens invest a social order with differing degrees of legitimacy which is thus, via motivation, an important competitive resource. A multiple regression design covering 18 Western core societies over the postwar era is used to test whether legitimacy, operationalized as relative absence of mass political protest, has an effect on comparative overall economic performance once initial wealth, absolute and relative size of government and membership in trading blocs are controlled for. We find robust empirical evidence for a positive impact of legitimacy on growth in the postwar era. The study thus suggests additional support for the theory of the ‘world market for protection', developed elsewhere to explain long-term economic success and societal convergence at the core of the world system