Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The importance of emotions: the socialisation of emotion in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT Parents play a critical role in the development of children's emotional competence; however, little research examines parents’ emotion socialisation practices among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we compared the emotion socialisation practices of parents of children with ASD and to those of parents of children that are typically developing. The Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale was used to assess parents’ reactions to children's emotions in both the typically developing sample (n = 138) and the sample of children with ASD (n = 22). An analysis of covariance revealed significant differences in responses to anger and fear. Group was entered as the independent variable and the dependent variable was parents’ responses to children's expressions of negative emotion. Covariates included child gender and child age. These results demonstrate a need for research examining the relationship between, and moderators of, parents’ emotional reactions and the development of emotional competence in children with ASD. Furthermore, these results have implications for early intervention practice as parent–child interactions have been shown to affect child outcomes.
Graph Theoretic Models and Tools for the Analysis of Dynamic Wireless Multihop Networks

Wireless multihop networks are being increasingly used in military and civilian applications. Advanced applications of wireless multihop networks demand better understanding on their properties. Existing research on wireless multihop networks has largely focused on static networks, where the network topology is time-invariant; and there is comparatively a lack of understanding on the properties of dynamic networks with dynamically changing topology. In this paper, we use and extend a recently proposed graph theoretic model, i.e. evolving graphs, to capture the characteristics of such networks. We extend and develop the concepts of route matrix, connectivity matrix and probabilistic connectivity matrix as convenient tools to characterize and investigate the properties of evolving graphs and the associated dynamic networks. The properties of these matrices are established and their relevance to the properties of dynamic wireless multihop networks are introduced.
Pericentrin forms a complex with intraflagellar transport proteins and polycystin-2 and is required for primary cilia assembly

Primary cilia are nonmotile microtubule structures that assemble from basal bodies by a process called intraflagellar transport (IFT) and are associated with several human diseases. Here, we show that the centrosome protein pericentrin (Pcnt) colocalizes with IFT proteins to the base of primary and motile cilia. Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrates that Pcnt is on or near basal bodies at the base of cilia. Pcnt depletion by RNA interference disrupts basal body localization of IFT proteins and the cation channel polycystin-2 (PC2), and inhibits primary cilia assembly in human epithelial cells. Conversely, silencing of IFT20 mislocalizes Pcnt from basal bodies and inhibits primary cilia assembly. Pcnt is found in spermatocyte IFT fractions, and IFT proteins are found in isolated centrosome fractions. Pcnt antibodies coimmunoprecipitate IFT proteins and PC2 from several cell lines and tissues. We conclude that Pcnt, IFTs, and PC2 form a complex in vertebrate cells that is required for assembly of primary cilia and possibly motile cilia and flagella.
Probing Elemental Abundances in SNR 1987A using XMM-Newton

We report on the latest (2007 January) observations of supernova remnant (SNR) 1987A from the XMM-Newton mission. Since the 2003 May observations of Haberl et al., 11 emission lines have experienced increases in flux by factors ~3-10, with the 775 eV line of O VIII showing the greatest increase; we have observed six lines of Fe XVII and Fe XVIII previously unreported by XMM-Newton. A two-shock model representing plasmas in nonequilibrium ionization is fitted to the EPIC pn spectra, yielding temperatures of ~0.4 and ~3 keV, as well as elemental abundances for N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe. We demonstrate that the abundance ratio of N and O can be constrained to less than ~20% accuracy. Normalizing our obtained abundances by the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) values of Hughes, Hayashi, & Koyama, we find that O, Ne, Mg, and Fe are underabundant, while Si and S are overabundant, consistent with the findings of Aschenbach. Such a result has implications for both the single-star and binary accretion/merger models for the progenitor of SNR 1987A. In the context of the binary merger scenario proposed by Morris & Podsiadlowski, material forming the inner, equatorial ring was expelled after the merger, implying that either our derived Fe abundance is inconsistent with typical LMC values or that iron is underabundant at the site of the progenitor star of SNR 1987A.
ALK Inhibitor Response in Melanomas Expressing EML4-ALK Fusions and Alternate ALK Isoforms

Oncogenic ALK fusions occur in several types of cancer and can be effectively treated with ALK inhibitors; however, ALK fusions and treatment response have not been characterized in malignant melanomas. Recently, a novel isoform of ALK (ALKATI) was reported in 11% of melanomas but the response of melanomas expressing ALKATI to ALK inhibition has not been well characterized. We analyzed 45 melanoma patient-derived xenograft models for ALK mRNA and protein expression. ALK expression was identified in 11 of 45 (24.4%) melanomas. Ten melanomas express wild-type (wt) ALK and/or ALKATI and one mucosal melanoma expresses multiple novel EML4-ALK fusion variants. Melanoma cells expressing different ALK variants were tested for response to ALK inhibitors. Whereas the melanoma expressing EML4-ALK were sensitive to ALK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, the melanomas expressing wt ALK or ALKATI were not sensitive to ALK inhibitors. In addition, a patient with mucosal melanoma expressing ALKATI was treated with an ALK/ROS1/TRK inhibitor (entrectinib) on a phase I trial but did not respond. Our results demonstrate ALK fusions occur in malignant melanomas and respond to targeted therapy, whereas melanomas expressing ALKATI do not respond to ALK inhibitors. Targeting ALK fusions is an effective therapeutic option for a subset of melanoma patients, but additional clinical studies are needed to determine the efficacy of targeted therapies in melanomas expressing wt ALK or ALKATI. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(1); 222–31. ©2017 AACR.
Supporting Information for Chemoselective Metal-free Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation in Lignin Synthesis of Lignin Model Compounds S1 Iii. Catalyst Screening and Optimization Data S3 1-oxidation with Traditional Chemical Oxidants S3 2-catalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Model Compound S6 A) Metal-catalyzed Aer

I. General Considerations. All commercially available compounds were purchased and used as received, unless otherwise noted. Solvents were dried over an alumina column prior to use; however, purification and drying of commercial solvents is not required for the catalytic reactions described here (note: frequently water is added as a cosolvent). 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra were obtained with a Varian 300 MHz, or Bruker AC-400 and 500 MHz with the solvent peak or tetramethylsilane used as the internal reference. Multiplicities are described by using the following abbreviations: s = singlet, d = doublet, t = triplet, q = quartet, sept = septet and m = multiplet. Flash chromatography was performed using SiliaFlash® P60 (Silicycle, particle size 40-63 µm, 230-400 mesh). Some chromatography was carried out using a CombiFlash Rf® system with reusable high performance silica columns (RediSep® Rf Gold Silica, 20-40 µm spherical particles). Veratryl alcohol and 2-methoxy-1,2-diphenylethanol, which were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. General procedure for preparation of 2-aryloxy-1-phenylethanols (7c-7e): These substrates were synthesized in two-step from the corresponding phenol and 2-bromoacetophenone according to literature procedure. 1 2-Bromoacetophenone (5 mmol, 0.990 g) was added to a stirred solution of K 2 CO 3 (7.5 mmol, 1.036 g) and guaiacol (6.25 mmol, 0.776 g) in acetone (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux temperature for 5 h, after which it was filtered off and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography with hexane : ethyl acetate (3:1). The resulting compound (3.5 mmol, 0.847 g) was dissolved in the mixture of THF : H 2 O (5:1) (25 mL), and sodium borohydride (7 mmol, 0.26 g) was added portionwise to maintain a gentle evolution of gas. Then, the mixture was stirred for 6 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous NH 4 Cl (50 mL) and diluted with 30 mL water. The aqueous portion was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30). The organic parts were combined, dried over MgSO 4 , filtered and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography with hexane : ethyl acetate (2:1). 2-(2-Methoxyphenyl)oxy-1-phenethanol (7c): Spectral data are consistent with those reported in the literature.
Selecting representative benchmark inputs for exploring microprocessor design spaces

The design process of a microprocessor requires representative workloads to steer the search process toward an optimum design point for the target application domain. However, considering a broad set of workloads to cover the large space of potential workloads is infeasible given how time-consuming design space exploration typically is. Hence, it is crucial to select a small yet representative set of workloads, which leads to a shorter design cycle while yielding a (near) optimal design. Prior work has mostly looked into selecting representative benchmarks; however, limited attention was given to the selection of benchmark inputs and how this affects workload representativeness during design space exploration. Using a set of 1,000 inputs for a number of embedded benchmarks and a design space with around 1,700 design points, we find that selecting a single or three random input(s) per benchmark potentially (in a worst-case scenario) leads to a suboptimal design that is 56% and 33% off, on average, relative to the optimal design in our design space in terms of Energy-Delay Product (EDP). We then propose and evaluate a number of methods for selecting representative inputs and show that we can find the optimum design point with as few as three inputs.
Monotone Proper Interval Digraphs and Min-Max Orderings

We introduce a class of digraphs analogous to proper interval graphs and bigraphs. They are defined via a geometric representation by two inclusion-free families of intervals satisfying a certain monotonicity condition; hence we call them monotone proper interval digraphs. They admit a number of equivalent definitions, including an ordering characterization by so-called Min-Max orderings, and the existence of certain graph polymorphisms. Min-Max orderings arose in the study of minimum cost homomorphism problems: if $H$ admits a a Min-Max ordering (or a certain extension of Min-Max orderings), then the minimum cost homomorphism problem to $H$ is known to admit a polynomial time algorithm. We give a forbidden structure characterization of monotone proper interval digraphs, which implies a polynomial time recognition algorithm. This characterizes digraphs with a Min-Max ordering; we also similarly characterize digraphs with an extended Min-Max ordering. In a companion paper, we shall apply this latter charac.
Maximum Mouth Opening in Saudi Adolescents

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the maximum mouth opening (MMO) in a representative sample of the Saudi adolescents. Materials and Methods: A total of 1825 Saudi adolescents (1007 males and 818 females) aged 12-16 years were randomly selected. The subjects were asked to open their mouth maximally till no further opening was possible and then the distance from the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors to incisal edge of the mandibular incisors was recorded. All data were analyzed using SPSS program and simple descriptive statistics of MMO with regard to gender and age groups were reported. The Student’s t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to examine differences in mouth opening relative to gender and age groups. Results: The mean maximal mouth opening for males was 43.5 ± 4.23 mm (range 29-59 mm). The mean maximal mouth opening for females was 35.5 ± 4.4 mm (range 20-45 mm). There was a significant difference between the mouth opening of males and females in all the age group (P = 0.000). The mouth opening, regardless of gender, increases significantly with age from the age of 12 years to the age of 14 years (P = 0.000), then remained unchanged till the age of 16 years. Conclusion: The mouth opening of males is significantly higher than that of females in all the age group. There was a significant increase in MMO with age up to the age of 14 years regardless of gender.
Behaviors Anxiety and Uncertainty Catastrophic Cognitions about Illness Perception of Bodily Symptoms Body Vigilance Dysfunctional Illness

Contemporary conceptualizations of hypochondriasis (HC) as severe health anxiety have led to the development of cognitive-behavioral approaches to understanding, assessing, and treating this problem. The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) is a new instrument that measures cognitive factors associated with HC. In the present study, we examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the SHAI in a large sample of medically healthy university students. We also examined the scale’s convergent, divergent, and predictive validity. Results indicated that the SHAI has good psychometric properties and contains three factors that assess the perceived likelihood and perceived severity of becoming ill, and body vigilance. Facets of health anxiety uniquely predicted increased safety-seeking behavior and medical utilization, behaviors that are commonly observed in HC. Results are discussed in terms of the cognitive-behavioral model of HC.
PARAMETER EMBEDDING METHODS FOR FINDINGDC OPERATING POINTS OF TRANSISTOR

We address the calculation of dc operating points of nonlinear circuits by using parameter embedding methods (also known as continuation and homotopy methods), and we show that the usefulness of these methods depends on the type of a circuit's descriptive equations. We implemented homotopy algorithms in the industrial circuit simulator TITAN. We demonstrated that homotopy methods can be used as an alternative to the Newton-Raphson-type solvers and that they can be successfully applied to solving nonlinear circuit equations as well as to calculating dc operating points of nonlinear transistor circuits.
Top3α Is Required during the Convergent Migration Step of Double Holliday Junction Dissolution

Although Blm and Top3α are known to form a minimal dissolvasome that can uniquely undo a double Holliday junction structure, the details of the mechanism remain unknown. It was originally suggested that Blm acts first to create a hemicatenane structure from branch migration of the junctions, followed by Top3α performing strand passage to decatenate the interlocking single strands. Recent evidence suggests that Top3α may also be important for assisting in the migration of the junctions. Using a mismatch-dHJ substrate (MM-DHJS) and eukaryotic Top1 (in place of Top3α), we show that the presence of a topoisomerase is required for Blm to substantially migrate a topologically constrained Holliday junction. When investigated by electron microscopy, these migrated structures did not resemble a hemicatenane. However, when Blm is together with Top3α, the dissolution reaction is processive with no pausing at a partially migrated structure. Potential mechanisms are discussed.
Open CORBA Benchmarking

We present two benchmark suites for CORBA brokers, targeted at the broker vendor and user audiences respectively. The vendor suite is a result of several benchmarking projects with industrial partners, and covers the entire functionality of a CORBA broker. The user suite is simplified to give an overview of the basic factors influencing broker performance, and is complemented with an approach for tailoring the results to a specific system and mode of operation without a prohibitive loss of precision.
Low cost wind turbine controller

A significant market exists for small (<20 kW) wind turbines in both remote communities and also in grid connected applications as individuals seek to reduce their CO2 emissions. A low cost wind turbine controller is presented based around a standard electric drive circuit. This allows significant cost savings over current commercially available devices. Functions of maximum power tracking, dynamic braking of the turbine and output voltage regulation are achieved in the controller. The implementation of a 5 kW prototype is presented.
Cuteness Recognition and Localization in the Photos of Animals

Among the flourishing amount of photos in the social media websites, "cute" images of animals are particularly attractive to the Internet users. This paper considers building an automatic model which can distinguish cute images from non-cute ones. To make the recognition results more interpretable, a lot of efforts are made to find which part of the animal appears attractive to the human users. To validate the success of our proposed method, we collect three new datasets of different animals, i.e., cats, dogs, and rabbits with both cute and non-cute images. Our model obtains promising performance in distinguishing cute images from non-cute ones. Moreover, it outperforms the classical models with not only better recognition accuracy, but also more intuitive localization of the cuteness in the images. The contribution of this paper is three-fold: (1) We collect new datasets for cuteness recognition, (2) We extend the powerful Fisher Vector representation to localize cute part in the animal recognition, and (3) Extensive experimental results show that our proposed method can recognize cute animals of cats, dogs, and rabbits.
The Full Capacity of AICAR to Reduce Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Requires Myeloid SIRT1

Chronic Inflammation is a key link between obesity and insulin resistance. We previously showed that two nutrient sensors AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 interact to regulate macrophage inflammation. AMPK is also a molecular target of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), which has been shown to reduce insulin resistance in various animal models. Here we aim to determine whether the therapeutic effects of AICAR against insulin resistance involve its anti-inflammatory function, which requires macrophage SIRT1. Long-term administration of low-dose AICAR significantly suppressed adipose inflammation in established diet-induced obese mice. This was associated with improved glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity without changes of body weight. In contrast, SIRT1 deletion in myeloid SIRT1 knockout (MSKO) mice increased infiltration of classically activated M1 macrophages and decreased alternatively activated M2 macrophages in adipose tissue. As a result, MSKO mice on high fat (HF) diets exhibited impaired insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, fat, and liver, and developed systemic insulin resistance in glucose tolerance tests, insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of AICAR on adipose inflammation and insulin sensitivity were absent in MSKO mice fed HF diets, suggesting that the full capacity of AICAR to antagonize obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance requires myeloid SIRT1. In summary, AICAR negatively regulates HF diet-induced inflammation, which requires myeloid SIRT1, thereby contributing to the protection against insulin resistance. Myeloid SIRT1 is a therapeutic target of the anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of AICAR.
Isolation and gene expression profiling of intestinal epithelial cells: crypt isolation by calcium chelation from in vivo samples

Aim The epithelial layer within the colon represents a physical barrier between the luminal contents and its underlying mucosa. It plays a pivotal role in mucosal homeostasis, and both tolerance and anti-pathogenic immune responses. Identifying signals of inflammation initiation and responses to stimuli from within the epithelial layer is critical to understanding the molecular pathways underlying disease pathology. This study validated a method to isolate and analyze epithelial populations, enabling investigations of epithelial function and response in a variety of disease setting. Materials and methods Epithelial cells were isolated from whole mucosal biopsies harvested from healthy controls and patients with active ulcerative colitis by calcium chelation. The purity of isolated cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The expression profiles of a panel of epithelial functional genes were investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in isolated epithelial cells and corresponding mucosal biopsies. The expression profiles of isolated cells and corresponding mucosal biopsies were evaluated and compared between healthy and inflamed colonic tissue. Results Flow cytometry identified 97% of cells isolated as intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Comparisons of gene expression profiles between the mucosal biopsies and isolated IECs demonstrated clear differences in the gene expression signatures. Sixty percent of the examined genes showed contrasting trends of expression between sample types. Conclusion The calcium chelation isolation method provided a reliable method for the isolation of a pure population of cells with preservation of epithelial cell-specific gene expression. This demonstrates the importance of sample choice when investigating functions directly affecting the colonic epithelial layer.
A Study on Physical and Chemical Properties of Cellulose Paper Immersed in Various Solvent Mixtures

The cellulose paper treated in proportional mixture systems showed higher liquid absorption compare to only EtOH and MeOH treatments. It was approximately 40–70% and 50–91% higher for EtOH-NaOH and MeOH-NaOH treated papers, respectively. All conditions apparently bring about an effect of decreased strength for papers. The lowest tensile strength of 13.0 N/mm was found with EtOH and NaOH treated samples after 5th repeating wetting-drying stage. But, some conditions gave approximately 21–59.5% higher stretch than untreated samples. The pore size distributions of papers were evaluated with Simons stain procedure and experimental results usually consisted with sorption data. The less intense CH2–CH2- vibrations (1450–1700 cm−1) and C-C and C-O-C peak areas in FTIR spectra indicates lowering H-bonds in solvent treated and dried paper network structure.