Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infant-Feeding Practices of Low-Income Vietnamese American Women

Healthy People 2010 breastfeeding goals include 50% exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. In California, US, Santa Clara County Women, Infants, and Children (SCCWIC) data indicated Asian participants had low (5.6%) 6-month breastfeeding rates. To examine infant-feeding practices, Vietnamese breastfeeding peer counselors surveyed 133 Vietnamese SCCWIC participants (≥ 18 years old, nonpregnant, < 28 months postpartum) using a structured questionnaire regarding intentions, attitudes, and subjective norms toward breastfeeding. Results indicated that 75% initiated breastfeeding in the hospital (33% exclusively, 42% partially), and 25% exclusively formula fed. At survey time, 49% had terminated breastfeeding (average duration 4.4 months). Feeding intentions during pregnancy predicted feeding method used (P < .001). Most prenatal advice was from SCCWIC employees, friends, and doctors who supported breastfeeding. Most postnatal advice was from nurses who supported breastfeeding and bottle-feeding equally. Stronger control beliefs, peer counseling, and education were correlated with breastfeeding (P < .001). Improved postdelivery hospital advice may further increase breastfeeding initiation and duration. J Hum Lact . 24(4):406-414. Entre las metas de Healthy People 2010 están el 50% de lactancia materna exclusiva a los 6 meses. Datos del programa WIC del condado de Santa Clara (SCCWIC) indicaron bajos índices de lactancia materna a los 6 meses (5.6%) entre las participantes asiáticas. Madres consejeras de lactancia vietnamitas encuestaron 133 participantes vietnamitas del programa SCCWIC (>18 años, no embarazadas, <28 meses postparto) usando un cuestionario estructurado en relación a las intenciones, actitudes y normas subjetivas hacia la lactancia materna. Los resultados indicaron que 75% iniciaron la lactancia materna en el hospital (33% exclusivamente, 42% parcial); 25% alimentación exclusiva con formula. Al momento de la encuesta, 49% habían suspendido la lactancia materna (promedio de duración 4.4 meses). La intención de alimentación infantil durante el embarazo predijo el método utilizado (p<0.001). La mayoría de los consejos fueron de empleados del programa SCCWIC, amigos y doctores que apoyaron la lactancia materna. La mayoría de los consejos postnatales fueron de enfermeras que apoyaban la lactancia materna y la alimentación con biberón igualmente. Fuertes creencias de control, conserjería de madres y educación se correlacionaron con la lactancia materna (p<0.001). Una mejor conserjería después de la salida del hospital puede aumentar la iniciación y la duración de la lactancia materna.
Verification of Java programs in type theory with dependent record types and coercive subtyping

This thesis describes research on a functional interpretation of object-oriented programs in the intensional type theory UTT with dependent record types and coercive subtyping. In other words, it presents a functional analysis of constructing Java programs and their precise specifications in the Coq system. Here, we are using Coq only for the simulation of modeling Java programs in UTT, because Coq supports coercive subtyping and a macro for dependent record types. Representing a class and its interface-type, which declares a set of methods and their signatures for code reuse, as dependent record types, the type-theoretic encoding of Java programs enjoys desirable subtyping relationships that correctly capture the important object-oriented features such as encapsulation, inheritance, reuse, subtype polymorphism and dynamic dispatch. Furthermore, since the model is given in the intensional type theory, machine-supported verification of Java programs can be done by proving properties of Java programs in Coq. The current object-oriented languages are closely linked to the underlying hardware, in the sense that programming is based on the idea of changing stored values. In contrast, functional programming languages promote a more abstract style of programming, based on the idea of applying functions to arguments. Moving to this higher-level leads to considerably simpler programs, and support a number of powerful new ways to structure and reason about programs. So, research on a functional interpretation of object-oriented programming languages can be in interest. Most importantly, we will model Java programs by dwelling on intensional type theories without extensional features, and lead to the machine-supported verification of Java programs. When we have a suitable intensional notion of computational equality, it is easier to obtain a good operational understanding of the language. We shall use dependent record types and structural subtyping for them in the framework of coercive subtyping with the notion of intensional
An Efficient Multi-Agent Q-learning Method Based on Observing the Adversary Agent State Change

For the task under Markov decision processes, this paper investigates and presents a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning method based on the observing adversary agent state change. By observing the adversary agent state change and taking it as learning agents' observation to the environment, the learning agents extend the learning episodes, and derive more observation by less action. In the extreme, the learning agents can consider the adversary agent state change as their own exploration policy that allows learning agents to use exploitation for deriving maximal reward in the learning processes. Further, by the discussion about that the learning agents' cooperation is done by utilizing the direct communication and the indirect media communication, this paper also gives some descriptions about inexpensive features of both communication methods used in the proposed learning method. The direct communication enhances learning agents' ability of observing the task environment, and the indirect media communication helps learning agents to derive the optimal action policy efficiently. The simulation results on the hunter game demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
CHOLESTEROL MEASUREMENT IN SERUM AND IN PLASMA.

The effect on the plasma cholesterol concentration of various anticoagulants added to the blood in dry form, as compared with that of serum, has been studied. The amounts of anticoagulants used, per 5 ml. of blood, were: heparin, 2.5 mg. ; oxalate mixture, 12 mg. ; tetrasodium EDTA, 5 mg. ; sodium oxalate, 12mg. ; and ACD mixture, 5.3 mg. citric acid, 15.8 mg. Na citrate, and 17.6 mg. dextrose. All these anticoagulants caused a decrease in the plasma cholesterol concentration. The mean cholesterol decrease (serum minus plasma) produced by heparin was only 4 mg. /100 ml. (S.E., ± 1.24), but this difference was statistically significant. When the heparin was prepared by drying a solution of heparin in 0.9% NaCl a greater difference between serum and plasma was observed. The cholesterol difference (serum minus plasma) producd by Na oxalate increases with increasing amounts of anticoagulant. The decrease in plasma cholesterol concentration produced by the anticoagulants can be explained by changes of water distribution between cells and plasma, reflected by changes of hematocrit produced by the anticoagulant.
Exploiting clustering in inverted file compression

Document databases contain large volumes of text, and currently have typical sizes into the gigabyte range. In order to efficiently query these text collections some form of index is required, since without an index even the fastest of pattern matching techniques results in unacceptable response times. One pervasive indexing method is the use of inverted files, also sometimes known as concordances or postings files. There has been a number of effort made to capture the "clustering" effect, and to design index compression methods that condition their probability predictions according to context. In these methods information as to whether or not the most recent (or second most recent, and so on) document contained term t is used to bias the prediction that the next document will contain term t. We further extend this notion of context-based index compression, and describe a surprisingly simple index representation that gives excellent performance on all of our test databases; allows fast decoding; and is, even in the worst case, only slightly inferior to Golomb (1966) coding.
The restauranteurship of Hong Kong’s premium Japanese restaurant market

PurposeHong Kong has a global reputation as an entrepreneurial hub. The Japanese restaurant community has grown and evolved over the last three decades into what many consider as a natural secondary market for Japanese food. As such, several Japanese restaurateurs have come to Hong Kong to enter Hong Kong’s premium Japanese restaurant market. The purpose of this paper is to explore this market of Japanese restaurateurship in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachOne of the closest methodologies within the topic and discipline from Baldwin (2017) focuses on Japaneseness as a measurement of culinary authenticity examining Hong Kong’s Michelin rated restaurants. Here, the qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with the chefs of two sets of premium Japanese restaurants from Japan that expanded in Hong Kong, Sushi Iwa and Sushi Yoshitake. As this paper focuses on the premium and high-end market of Japanese chefs and restaurateurs in Hong Kong, the researcher combined the approaches of Kawahara & Speece and Baldwin to pursue a qualitative methodology using semi-structured interviews.FindingsFor this research, the interview process had to be divided into two stages. The first was to speak with long standing members of Hong Kong’s Japanese restaurant community. The common thread amongst the restaurateurs was that they were either the sole proprietor or a partner who was financially vested within the company not a form of sweat equity. To respect the privacy of the interviews, questions about exact monetary amounts, number of shares and equity or anything regarding holdings were not asked. The idea was to only examine their responses within the criteria of the research objectives.Research limitations/implicationsAs the Michelin and premium market of Japanese cuisine is so small, this research can only represent a certain part of the market. Future research could examine other Japanese restaurateurs outside of this market that could be examined to gain a wider perspective of the entrepreneurial strategies they used to start-up their business in Hong Kong.Originality/valueAs research in this area is very limited, this paper helps bring restaurateurship in Hong Kong into the academic front. Restaurants are one of the most common entry points for new entrepreneurs in hospitality. This paper may help shed some light on how foreign investment entrepreneurship has been achieved in Asia.
Solution Processed Polymer Near-Infrared Photodiode With Electron and Hole Blockers

A solution-processed polymer near-infrared photodetector with charge blocking layers is reported using a low-bandgap polymer, poly[(4,4'-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno [3, 2-b:2',3'-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)4,7-diyl]. Zinc oxide nanoparticles and poly[(9,9'-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4'-(N-(4-sec-butyl))diphenylamine)] are used as a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer, respectively. A maximum detectivity of 2 × 1013 Jones is achieved with a 330-nm-thick photoactive layer that absorbs 98% of the incident light at 780 nm.
Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The United States is in the midst of a prescription drug epidemic, particularly related to opioids. To more effectively deal with the devastating outcomes associated with non-medical use of prescription opioids (NUPO), research is needed to identify populations at increased risk. The current research builds on a small number of studies that have shown that adolescents involved in competitive sports are more likely to report NUPO. Specifically, we examine the relationship between athlete status, injury history, and NUPO among college students. METHODS Using data from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA II from 2008 to 2011), we estimated several logistic regression models to examine the individual, and combined, effects of sex, athlete status, and injury history on NUPO. RESULTS In the NCHA II 8.3% of students reported NUPO, 8.0% identified as a varsity athlete, and 17.4% reported an injury. Looking at factors individually, having an injury, being a varsity athlete, and being male were all significantly associated with NUPO. By combining these factors together we were able to determine that male athletes, athletes with injuries, and male athletes with injuries were at the greatest risk for NUPO, after controlling for relevant covariates. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS To create effective prevention and intervention programs that target the health and wellness of college students, it is important to understand which groups of students are most likely to report NUPO. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study advances our understanding of the relationship between sports involvement and NUPO. (Am J Addict 2018;27:15-22).
Can online service recovery interventions benignly alter customers’ negative review evaluations? Evidence from the hotel industry

ABSTRACT This study explores the effects of two important observational cues (perceived failure severity and review agreement) that the potential customers use to form various service based evaluations while comprehending online hotel reviews specifically relating to service failures. Further, the study examined the conditional effect of marketer initiated recovery interventions (webcare) aimed at ameliorating perceived service failure severity towards the hotel service. Data collected through a between-subject experimental design showed that reader’s perception of high failure severity and review agreement on the same could adversely impact the attitude towards the hotel and diminish patronage intention towards such hotel. Our research suggests this adverse effect could be mitigated by deploying varying webcare strategies. Specifically, our study points that, for varying levels of perceived failure severity and review agreement, different webcare strategies are to be deployed so as to engender favorable outcomes such as enhanced attitude and patronage intentions. Our study also found that the use of varying webcare to generate favorable outcomes is mediated by justice perceptions. Based on study results, we draw implications for effective online customer care management, especially in the case of hotel services.
The Relation Between Cytokines, Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor, and Factor VIII Levels in Turkish Pediatric Stroke Patients

The aim of the authors is to examine the relationship between the cytokine levels that are thought to be involved in stroke etiopathogenesis (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-11), soluble protein C receptor (sEPCR), and factor VIII (FVIII) levels. The study included 27 patients with stroke and 30 healthy controls, aged 0 to 18. In the comparison of the sEPCR, cytokine, and FVIII levels between patient and control groups, median levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 are found to be high in the patient group when compared with controls, whereas there is no difference in sEPCR, IL-11, and FVIII levels. In the patient group, a positive correlation is seen between TNF-α levels and IL-2 and IL-6 levels, between IL-2 and IL-6 levels, and between IL-6 and IL-8 levels, whereas a negative relationship is seen between sEPCR and FVIII. In the control group apart from the patient group, a negative relationship is seen between TNF-α and FVIII, whereas there is a positive relationship between IL-11 and sEPCR levels. Median sEPCR levels in patients who have normal or low FVIII levels are significantly high when compared with those with high FVIII levels. In conclusion, in the pediatric population, an increase in TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8 levels is seen. Also, an inverse relationship of sEPCR and FVIII levels is shown for the first time. This study provides a basis for ongoing studies that aim to clarify stroke etiopathogenesis. Studies with larger series of patients are warranted to confirm this hypothesis.
Contrast-medium-induced nephropathy correlated to the ratio between dose in gram iodine and estimated gfr in ml/min

Purpose: To suggest a more precise tool when assessing the risk of contrast-medium-induced nephropathy (CIN), i.e. the ratio between contrast medium (CM) dose expressed in grams of iodine (g-I) and estimated glomerular filtration rate in ml/min (eGFR; based on equations using serum-creatinine (s-Cr), weight, height, age, and/or sex), here named I-dose/GFR ratio. Material and Methods: A Medline search of published CIN investigations reporting mean eGFR and mean dose of low-osmolality CM (LOCM) identified 10 randomized controlled prophylactic and 2 cohort coronary investigations, and 3 randomized and 1 cohort computed tomographic (CT) investigation. From the randomized trials, data were collected only from the placebo or control arms, unless there was no significant difference between the control and test groups. The mean I-dose/GFR ratio of each study was correlated with the mean frequency of CIN-1 (s-Cr rise⩾44.2 µmol/l or ⩾20–25%) and CIN-2 (oliguria or requiring dialysis). A maximum dose according to an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 in patients with s-Cr ranging from 100 to 300 µmol/l was compared with that of Cigarroa's formula and with a “European consensus” threshold published by the European Society of Urogenital Radiology, both using s-Cr alone to predict renal function. McCullough's formula was used to assess the risk of CIN requiring dialysis at an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 with LOCM. Results: The coronary investigations revealed a linear correlation with a correlation coefficient between the I-dose/GFR ratio and the frequency of CIN-1 and CIN-2 of 0.91 (P<0.001) and 0.84 (P = 0.001), respectively. At a mean I-dose/GFR ratio = 1, the regression line indicated a 10% risk of CIN-1 and a 1% risk of CIN-2. At a mean I-dose/GFR ratio = 3, the risk of CIN-1 and CIN-2 increased to about 50% and 15%, respectively. Pooled weighted data from the CT investigations revealed a 12% risk of CIN-1 at a mean I-dose/GFR ratio = 1.1 and no cases of CIN-2. The maximum CM dose according to an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 was about 30–50% of that of both Cigarroa's formula and the “European consensus” in elderly low-weight individuals, while it was similar for middle-aged individuals weighing about 90 kg. McCullough's formula suggests that there will be an exponentially increasing risk of CIN requiring dialysis, but at an I-dose/GFR ratio = 1 and using LOCM it will not exceed 1% until GFR decreases below 30 ml/min in diabetics and below 20 ml/min in non-diabetics. Conclusion: Using the I-dose/GFR ratio may be a more expedient way of improving risk assessment of CIN than today's common practice of estimating CM dose from volume alone and renal function from s-Cr alone. Prospective studies based on individual patient data are encouraged to define the risk of CIN at various I-dose/GFR ratios and correlated to type of CM, examination, risk factors, etc.
eRobotics Meets the Internet of Things: Modern Tools for Today's Challenges in Robotics and Automation

The "Internet of Things in Manufacturing" (IoTM) today is considered to have a disruptive impact on industrial processes, on value chains and thus on the strategic challenges for the manufacturing industry. In this context, quite a few buzzwords are often heard. The most important among them are "Cyber Physical Systems", "Smart Production/Manufacturing/Factory" and the at least in Europe very commonly heard term “Industrie 4.0”. Especially the derived German term Industrie 4.0 seems to electrify all major players in the field as it conveys the promise for a 4th industrial revolution based on new internet-based technologies and approaches. In the US, very similar ideas are pursued. The most visible driving force behind the various initiatives is the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC), founded in March 2014 to bring together the organizations and technologies and to promote the "Industrial Internet". Even at the first glance it is obvious that the initiatives of IIC and Industrie 4.0 competitively pursue very similar goals. This paper will describe the key ideas of the Internet of Things in Manufacturing and will then as an overview show that eRobotic approaches and (virtual) testbeds are key components supporting not only the development of the systems but also the evaluation of proposed standards. We will show applications of eRobotics in the context of Industrie 4.0 in different fields and try to depict new key ideas.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1-Dependent Increase of Vα14 NKT Cells in Lungs and Their Roles in Th1 Response and Host Defense in Cryptococcal Infection1

To elucidate the role of NKT cells in the host defense to cryptococcal infection, we examined the proportion of these cells, identified by the expression of CD3 and NK1.1, in lungs after intratracheal infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. This population increased on day 3 after infection, reached a peak level on days 6–7, and decreased thereafter. In Vα14 NKT cell-deficient mice, such increase was significantly attenuated. The proportion of Vα14 NKT cells, detected by binding to α-galactosylceramide-loaded CD1d tetramer, and the expression of Vα14 mRNA increased after infection with a similar kinetics. The delayed-type hypersensitivity response and differentiation of the fungus-specific Th1 cells was reduced in Vα14 NKT cell-deficient mice, compared with control mice. Additionally, elimination of this fungal pathogen from lungs was significantly delayed in Vα14 NKT cell-deficient mice. Production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in lungs, detected at both mRNA and protein levels, increased on day 1, reached a peak level on day 3, and decreased thereafter, which preceded the increase in NKT cells. Finally, the increase of total and Vα14+ subset of NKT cells after infection was significantly reduced in MCP-1-deficient mice. Our results demonstrated that NKT cells, especially Vα14+ subset, accumulated in a MCP-1-dependent manner in the lungs after infection with C. neoformans and played an important role in the development of Th1 response and host resistance to this fungal pathogen.
Automatic Segmentation of Skin Melanoma Images Using Hybrid Method

: Melanoma is a cancerous lesion in the pigment-bearing basal layers of the epidermis and is the most deadly form of skin cancer, yet it is also the most treatable, with a cure rate for early-stage melanoma of almost 100%. Therefore, there is a need to develop computer-aided diagnostic systems to facilitate the early detection of melanoma. The first step in these systems is skin lesion segmentation. The next essential step is feature extraction and pattern analysis procedures to make a diagnosis. According to the literature, pigment network or reticular pattern is an important diagnostic parameter for melanoma. We decided to work on this automatic melanoma detection system. In this work a brief study has been carried out about the existing segmentation methods adopted by different scholars and a neural network based method is presented for effective segmentation of the melanoma images. In previous work, various methods i.e. Region refinement, adaptive thresholding (AT), gradient vector flow (GVF),adaptive snake (AS);fuzzy-based split-and-merge algorithm (FBSM), k-nearest neighbor, k-means, log filtering etc. has been proposed for the segmentation of melanoma images but their drawback is improper segmentation and