Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of calcium-dependent chloride channels in rat parotid acinar cells

The Ca2+ and voltage dependence of Ca(2+)-activated Cl- currents in rat parotid acinar cells was examined with the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Acinar cells were dialyzed with buffered free Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) from < 1 nM to 5 microM. Increasing [Ca2+]i induced an increase in Cl- current at all membrane potentials. In cells dialyzed with [Ca2+]i > 25 nM, depolarizing test pulses activated a Cl- current that was composed of an instantaneous and a slow monoexponential component. The steady-state current-voltage relationship showed outward rectification at low [Ca2+]i but became more linear as the [Ca2+]i increased because of a shift in Cl- channel activation toward more negative voltages. The Ca2+ dependence of steady- state channel activation at various membrane voltages was fit by the Hill equation. The apparent Kd and Hill coefficient obtained from this analysis were both functions of membrane potential. The Kd decreased from 417 to 63 nM between -106 and +94 mV, whereas the Hill coefficient was always > 1 and increased to values as large as 2.5 at large positive potentials. We found that a relatively simple mechanistic model can account for the channel steady-state and kinetic behavior. In this model, channel activation involves two identical, independent, sequential Ca2+ binding steps before a final Ca(2+)-independent transition to the conducting conformation. Channel activation proceeds sequentially through three closed states before reaching the open state. The Ca2+ binding steps of this model have a voltage dependence similar to that of the Kd from the Hill analysis. The simplest interpretation of our findings is that these channels are directly activated by Ca2+ ions that bind to sites approximately 13% into the membrane electric field from the cytoplasmic surface.
Automatic gait-pattern adaptation algorithms for rehabilitation with a 4-DOF robotic orthosis

This paper presents newly developed algorithms for automatic adaptation of motion for a robotic rehabilitation device. The algorithms adapt the gait pattern of patients that walk on a treadmill. Three different algorithms were developed. The first one is based on inverse dynamics and online minimization of the human-machine interaction torque. The second one is based on direct dynamics and estimation of the desired variation in the gait-pattern acceleration. The third algorithm is based on impedance control and direct adaptation of the gait pattern angular trajectories. The algorithms were tested and compared in computer simulations and actual experiments on healthy subjects and patients. In simulations, all algorithms have adapted the gait pattern toward the desired one, which led to a greater than 40% reduction of interaction torques. The impedance-control-based algorithm performed best in the experiments.
Initialization Framework for Latent Variable Models

In this paper, we discuss the properties of a class of latent variable models that assumes each labeled sample is associated with set of different features, with no prior knowledge of which feature is the most relevant feature to be used. Deformable-Part Models (DPM) can be seen as good example of such models. While Latent SVM framework (LSVM) has proven to be an efficient tool for solving these models, we will argue that the solution found by this tool is very sensitive to the initialization. To decrease this dependency, we propose a novel clustering procedure, for these problems, to find cluster centers that are shared by several sample sets while ignoring the rest of the cluster centers. As we will show, these cluster centers will provide a robust initialization for the LSVM framework.
Modelling PM-BPSK Signals for Coherent Optical Transmission over Single-Mode Fiber

Fiber optics has long been a successful mode of telecommunication due to its high transmission speed with very low losses compared to electrical cables. Using light to transmit data is much more efficient than electrical signals. Light polarized at a particular angle travels faster, this polarized light can then be modulated with the required data that needs to be transmitted using various modulation schemes. This report deals with the modeling of such a fiber optic network in Optiwave and studying the effects of transmission at high data rates on a single mode fiber. Using Optiwave a BPSK Signal has been modulated onto the carrier laser beam using Mach-Zehnder Interferometer modeled as a modulator. The Bit Error rate Q factor and Eye diagram has been analyzed for the best signal quality in three different cases of no polarization, linear polarization and circular polarization. The eye diagram provides details on best time to sample the signal, Signal to Noise Ratio and the transmission capacity of the system.
Japan–US comparison of mothers’ wishes for their children’s futures in the context of attachment

ABSTRACT This study explored cross-cultural similarities and differences between Japanese and U.S. mothers’ wishes for their children’s futures based on their responses to one question asked toward the end of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). We also examined empirically whether mothers’ responses to this particular question would be consistent with their attachment representation to confirm the utility of this question in the AAI classification process. Japanese mothers (N = 48) and U.S. mothers (N = 62) reported their wishes for their children’s futures during the AAI. Types of wishes discussed by Japanese mothers and U.S. mothers largely overlapped (Well-being, Achievement, Personal fulfillment, and Relationship), but culture-specific types of wishes were also found (Peace making/Fitting in only for Japanese mothers and Religion only for U.S. mothers). Wishes discussed by secure mothers in both cultures for their children often demonstrated their valuing of affective relationships, consistent with secure states of mind, whereas insecure mothers’ wishes were sometimes unrealistic or more instrumental/materialistic, consistent with insecure states of mind. Future studies on attachment and parental wishes for children are discussed.
A Study of Danmaku Video on Attention Allocation, Social Presence, Transportation to Narrative, Cognitive Workload and Enjoyment

Danmaku video (video with overlaid comments) is a relatively new social TV format and is getting popular in China. This study conducted a 3-condition experiment to examine Danmaku video watching experience in terms of 5 aspects: attention allocation, social presence, transportation into narrative, cognitive workload and enjoyment. 61 Chinese college students from the Northeast region of US were recruited to participate the study. Result indicated out that Danmaku distracted some attention from the initial video content but fostered a feeling of joint viewing with others. The presence of Danmaku also had some effect on the enjoyment of watching videos, but did not affect cognitive workload or the degree of feeling being transported into video’s narrative.
Impact of mild anaemia on dyspnoea during exertion and exercise tolerance in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

INTRODUCTION Dyspnoea and decreased exercise tolerance are symptoms of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Anaemia is a risk factor for reduced functional capacity and dyspnoea in stable COPD. There is limited information about the impact of anaemia on functional capacity and dyspnoea of patients during AECOPD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of decreased blood haemoglobin concentration on the results of six-minute walking test (6MWT) in patients during AECOPD. MATERIAL AND METHODS A post hoc analysis of data collected from prospective long-term studies on AECOPD. Haemoglobin concentration from the first obtainable hospital measurement were included in the assessment. 6MWT was performed after clinical improvement of the patient. Dyspnoea at baseline and after exercise and oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) during exercise was measured. RESULTS (presented as means ± SD): 402 patients with exacerbation of COPD (COPD stage 3.5 ± 0.6) were examined. Patients with anaemia (26% of those studied, age 74.5 ± 8.2 years) achieved 258.1 ± 125.1 m during 6MWT, with exertional desaturation of 2.9 ± 2.6%. Patients without anaemia (74% of those studied, age 70.2 ± 8.7 years) achieved 271 ± 136.0 m during 6MWT with exertional desaturation of 3.8 ± 3.7%. The haemoglobin concentration did not correlate with 6MWT, dyspnoea during 6MWT, or exercise oxygenation and blood desaturation during exercise. CONCLUSION Mildly decreased blood haemoglobin concentration did not influence the results of 6MWT in patients with AECOPD.
A Transcription Factor Map as Revealed by a Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis of Whole-Blood mRNA Transcriptome in Multiple Sclerosis

BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that transcription factors are involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but complete mapping of the whole network has been elusive. One of the reasons is that there are several clinical subtypes of MS and transcription factors that may be involved in one subtype may not be in others. We investigate the possibility that this network could be mapped using microarray technologies and contemporary bioinformatics methods on a dataset derived from whole blood in 99 untreated MS patients (36 Relapse Remitting MS, 43 Primary Progressive MS, and 20 Secondary Progressive MS) and 45 age-matched healthy controls. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have used two different analytical methodologies: a non-standard differential expression analysis and a differential co-expression analysis, which have converged on a significant number of regulatory motifs that are statistically overrepresented in genes that are either differentially expressed (or differentially co-expressed) in cases and controls (e.g., V$KROX_Q6, p-value <3.31E-6; V$CREBP1_Q2, p-value <9.93E-6, V$YY1_02, p-value <1.65E-5). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our analysis uncovered a network of transcription factors that potentially dysregulate several genes in MS or one or more of its disease subtypes. The most significant transcription factor motifs were for the Early Growth Response EGR/KROX family, ATF2, YY1 (Yin and Yang 1), E2F-1/DP-1 and E2F-4/DP-2 heterodimers, SOX5, and CREB and ATF families. These transcription factors are involved in early T-lymphocyte specification and commitment as well as in oligodendrocyte dedifferentiation and development, both pathways that have significant biological plausibility in MS causation.
EA-Analyzer: Automating Conflict Detection in Aspect-Oriented Requirements

One of the aims of Aspect-Oriented Requirements Engineering is to address the composability and subsequent analysis of crosscutting and non-crosscutting concerns during requirements engineering. Composing concerns may help to reveal conflicting dependencies that need to be identified and resolved. However, detecting conflicts in a large set of textual aspect-oriented requirements is an error-prone and time-consuming task. This paper presents EA-Analyzer, the first automated tool for identifying conflicts in aspect-oriented requirements specified in natural-language text. The tool is based on a novel application of a Bayesian learning method that has been effective at classifying text. We present an empirical evaluation of the tool with three industrial-strength requirements documents from different real-life domains. We show that the tool achieves up to 92.97% accuracy when one of the case study documents is used as a training set and the other two as a validation set.
Adoption of managerial innovations: effect of adoption rationales on the adoption process

The aim of the research is to explore the complex phenomenon of the adoption of managerial innovations by organisations, with an attempt to identify relationships between various elements of this process. Four case studies were compiled using interview data from selected managers. The data provided a means of subjecting the rationales that Sturdy (2004) posited for the adoption of managerial innovations to empirical inquiry. The study also seeks to explore how the identified rationales may relate to two main characteristics of the subsequent adoption process, namely, the timing of adoption in the life cycle of the innovation and how long the adoption process takes. To our knowledge, this study represents the first empirical exploration of the adoption rationales posited by Sturdy and their subsequent impact on the adoption process. The findings of the study will be of value to academics interested studying the adoption of managerial innovations and also practising managers who must make adoption decisions and manage the adoption process. It is recognised that the study is exploratory in nature and suggestions for further research are proposed.
Need for Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) in the Detection of Decay in Structures

Examples of the need for nondestructive and remote sensing technologies for evaluating early stages of decay are presented. The need is critical to develop methods of analyzing internal decay, at the center of large wood members, and decay behind concealing coverings. Current technologies are reviewed and their inadequacies discussed. Acoustic emission and acoustoultrasonics appear to hold the greatest promise among existing technologies.
RATIONAL EMOTIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY AS A COLLABORATIVE STYLE IN RESOLVING MARITAL CONFLICTS

Conflict in marriage like any other institution is inevitable. Conflicts between married couple are normal and not necessarily disruptive. However, conflict becomes disruptive based on the way and manner it is handled. Marital harmony is crucial to every society. Inability to resolve marital conflict appropriately can lead to devastating consequences not only to the family and the society but also to a nation as a whole. This paper discussed conflict, conflict resolution and models of approaching conflict resolution. It also discussed marriage, marital conflict and their causes. Lastly, the paper examined Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) and how it can be used as a collaborative style in marital conflict resolution. Article visualizations:
A mm-Wave Segmented Power Mixer

The segmented power-mixer array based mm-wave power generation architecture is demonstrated to be an energy-efficient technique for generating high-speed nonconstant envelope modulations. High output power levels are achieved by efficiently combining power from several power mixers using an area efficient dual-primary distributed active transformer. The segmented scheme leads to back-off efficiency improvements while simultaneously providing direct envelope modulation eliminating the need for high-speed high-efficiency supply modulators. The power mixer is implemented in a 32-nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS process and provides a peak output power of 19.1 dBm at 51 GHz with a drain efficiency of 14.2% and a peak power-added efficiency of 10.1%. High-speed constant (binary phase-shift keying, quadrature phase-shift keying), as well as nonconstant envelope modulations ( m-amplitude shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation) show the versatility of the architecture towards spectrally efficient modulation schemes. Reliability against segment breakdown over long periods of time at 30% higher supply voltages has also been demonstrated.
Providing throughput guarantees in WLANs using ACKS

ACKS (ACK skipping) is a mechanism to enable QoS support in standard IEEE 802.11 WLANs working in infrastructure configuration. The paper presents an analytical model to estimate ACKS performance under saturation conditions, when multiple service classes are considered. Based on this model, the paper proposes an algorithm that optimally configures ACKS networks to provide QoS guarantees for DiffServ-like configurations, that is, for three classes of stations characterized by different QoS requirements. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by simulation in different network scenarios.
A comparison of dual material double gate JLFET with single material double gate JLFET

This paper presents a comparative study of dual material double gate junctionless transistor with the single material double gate junctionless transistor. A review of the basic modelling of the Junctionless transistor is also given in the paper. The surface potential of both structures are compared. The threshold voltage compared for both the devices shows that the single material gate has higher threshold voltage.
The Serve in Professional Men’s Tennis: Effects of Players’ Handedness

The serve is one of the most important strokes in tennis and has often been the subject of sport scientific investigation. Left-handed players are said to have an advantage in tennis, especially when serving against a right-handed player to the advantage court. We investigated the serving strategies of male left- and righthanded professional tennis players whose serves (N= 4744) were recorded by the automated ball tracking Hawk-Eye system at international tournaments. Right- and left-handed serves differed significantly regarding the ball distribution in the opponent’s service box at both first and second serves as well as regarding the angle of lateral ball flight. As a consequence, players have to take into account different probabilities regarding the direction of serve when awaiting right- vs. lefthanded serves. At the same time, they also need to adjust their return stroke due to the different spin imposed on balls served right- vs. left-handed. Furthermore, analyses also revealed that the left-handers’ serve is not simply mirrored to that of right-handers but still significantly different. In light of the reduced familiarity with the left-hander’s style of play, the findings suggest that for the serve in tennis tactical and technical aspects may promote the left-handers’ advantage.
Does mutual sexual selection explain the evolution of head crests in pterosaurs and dinosaurs

Hone, D.W. E. , Naish, D. & Cuthill, I.C. 2011: Does mutual sexual selection explain the evolution of head crests in pterosaurs and dinosaurs? Lethaia, Vol. 45, pp. 139–156. Cranial ornamentation is widespread throughout the extinct non-avialian Ornithodira, being present throughout Pterosauria, Ornithischia and Saurischia. Ornaments take many forms, and can be composed of at least a dozen different skull bones, indicating multiple origins. Many of these crests serve no clear survival function and it has been suggested that their primary use was for species recognition or sexual display. The distribution within Ornithodira and the form and position of these crests suggest sexual selection as a key factor, although the role of the latter has often been rejected on the grounds of an apparent lack of sexual dimorphism in many species. Surprisingly, the phenomenon of mutual sexual selection – where both males and females are ornamented and both select mates – has been ignored in research on fossil ornithodirans, despite a rich history of research and frequent expression in modern birds. Here, we review the available evidence for the functions of ornithodiran cranial crests and conclude that mutual sexual selection presents a valid hypothesis for their presence and distribution. The integration of mutual sexual selection into future studies is critical to our understanding of ornithodiran ecology, evolution and particularly questions regarding sexual dimorphism. □Behaviour, Dinosauria, ornaments, Pterosauria, sexual selection.
What Does Parental Involvement Mean in Preventing Adolescents' Use of Alcohol? An Integrative Review

ABSTRACT Background: Parents play a crucial role in preventing adolescents' use of alcohol. However, previous knowledge about parental involvement in adolescent drinking is fragmented. Aim: To describe parental involvement in preventing adolescents' use of alcohol in previous studies. Method: An integrative review was conducted in the CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Results: Parental involvement in preventing adolescents' use of alcohol can be described in three different forms: parental monitoring, family rules, and parent-child communication. Conclusions: Parental involvement decreased adolescents' use of alcohol, but more research focused on different families is needed.
How perspective-based reading can improve requirements inspections

Because defects constitute an unavoidable aspect of software development, discovering and removing them early is crucial. Overlooked defects (like faults in the software system requirements, design, or code) propagate to subsequent development phases where detecting and correcting them becomes more difficult. At best, developers will eventually catch the defects, but at the expense of schedule delays and additional product-development costs. At worst, the defects will remain, and customers will receive a faulty product. The authors explain their perspective based reading (PBR) technique that provides a set of procedures to help developers solve software requirements inspection problems. PBR reviewers stand in for specific stakeholders in the document to verify the quality of requirements specifications. The authors show how PBR leads to improved defect detection rates for both individual reviewers and review teams working with unfamiliar application domains.
DISQUO: A distributed 100% throughput algorithm for a buffered crossbar switch

The promise of a buffered crossbar switch - a crossbar switch with a packet buffer at each crosspoint - is that it can provide good delay performance with much less complex, practical scheduling algorithms. With today's technology, it is now possible to implement it in a single chip. Thus it has attracted great attention recently. Though simple distributed algorithms can achieve 100% throughput under uniform traffic, so far there are no distributed algorithms which can achieve 100% throughput under general admissible arrival patterns. In this paper, we propose a distributed scheduling algorithm which achieves 100% throughput for any admissible Bernoulli arrival traffic. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first distributed algorithm which can achieve this. The algorithm is called DISQUO: DIStributed QUeue input-Output scheduler. Our simulation results also show that DISQUO can provide good delay performance for different traffic patterns.
Control of an electromagnetic linear actuator using flatness property and systems inversion

The paper presents a robust tracking controller design for a short-stroke permanent magnet motor as a linear drive. After the model description, a flatness based control is presented to force the system following a reference trajectory. Additionally a robust feedback control, based on system inversion, is used to stabilize the tracking against external disturbance signals, model and initial errors. Moreover, a particular PID control scheme is proposed by using Karitonov's approach.