Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
jmbReview Cloning and Characterization of Ginsenoside-Hydrolyzing β-Glucosidase from Lactobacillus brevis That Transforms Ginsenosides Rb 1 and F 2 into Ginsenoside Rd and Compound K

Ginsenosides are the main active components in the plants of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng. Ginsenosides have many reported pharmacological activities, such as anticancer [4], antiinflammatory [18], anti-allergic [2], anti-fatigue [21], and antidiabetic activities [11]. In addition to the medicinal usage of ginseng, it is also widely consumed as a functional food in tea, powder, and capsules. Almost 40 ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng root. [5]. Ginsenosides that are highly present in ginseng that can be easily separated and purified include ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, and Rd, the major protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides, and Re, Rf, and Rg1, the major protopanaxatrioltype ginsenosides. The minor ginsenosides, including F1, F2, Rh1, Rh2, Rg2, Rg3, and compound K, show better pharmacological effects than the major ginsenosides, although their concentrations are low or absent in ginseng [20]. Thus, various studies have focused on transforming glycosylated ginsenosides to deglycosylated ginsenosides by hydrolysis of the sugar moieties [12]. Methods, including heating [8], acid hydrolysis [3], microbial transformation, and enzymatic transformation, have been utilized to hydrolyze high-content ginsenosides into minor ginsenosides [14, 17]. Among these methods, microbial and enzymatic transformations have greater potential due to their high specificity and mild reaction conditions [9,19]. β-Glucosidase from food-grade bacteria, including Aspergillus versicolor and Bacillus megaterium, convert ginsenoside Rb1 Received: May 18, 2016 Revised: June 28, 2016 Accepted: July 7, 2016
Satellite‐cell‐derived nerve growth factor and neurotrophin‐3 are involved in noradrenergic sprouting in the dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury in the rat

Injury to a peripheral nerve induces in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sprouting of sympathetic and peptidergic terminals around large‐diameter sensory neurons that project in the damaged nerve. This pathological change may be implicated in the chronic pain syndromes seen in some patients with peripheral nerve injury. The mechanisms underlying the sprouting are not known. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques, we have now found that nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) synthesis is upregulated in satellite cells surrounding neurons in lesioned DRG as early as 48 h after nerve injury. This response lasts for at least 2 months. Quantitative analysis showed that the levels of mRNAs for NT3 and NGF increased in ipsilateral but not contralateral DRG after nerve injury. Noradrenergic sprouting around the axotomized neurons was associated with p75‐immunoreactive satellite cells. Further, antibodies specific to NGF or NT3, delivered by an osmotic mini‐pump to the DRG via the lesioned L5 spinal nerve, significantly reduced noradrenergic sprouting. These results implicate satellite cell‐derived neurotrophins in the induction of sympathetic sprouting following peripheral nerve injury.
Adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents: Patterns, correlates and outcomes

Despite the development of effective pharmacological therapy to prevent both macrovascular and microvascular complications and adverse events, diabetes control remains sub-optimal. Poor adherence to recommended regimens is a causal factor in preventable morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Subgroups of patients with differing longitudinal profiles of adherence may yield differing treatment outcomes. Identifying characteristics associated with longitudinal profiles can potentially alert clinicians to patients at risk for poor clinical outcomes allowing for early intervention and follow-up. Furthermore, few studies have examined the role of adherence improvements as a mediator of intervention effect on glycemic control. In this work we sought to identify patterns, correlates and outcomes of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents. We also assessed whether adherence improvements mediated a brief interventions effect on glycemic control. Longitudinal analysis via growth curve mixture modeling was carried out to classify 180 patients who participated in an adherence intervention according to patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents across 12 weeks. Adherence was assessed using the Medication Event Monitoring System. Hemoglobin A1c assays were used to measure glycemic control as the clinical outcome. Individual patient residential data was geo-coded at the tract level. Three patterns of adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents were identified: adherent, increasing adherence, and nonadherent. Both individual and neighborhood level factors were identified that were associated with patterns of adherence. Patients with an increasing adherence pattern were more likely to have a Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7% (adjusted odds ratio = 14.52, 95% CI [2.54, 82.99]) at 12 weeks in comparison with patients with the nonadherent pattern. Across the whole sample, longitudinal adherence profiles mediated 35.2 % (13.2, 81.0 %) of the effect of a brief adherence intervention on glycemic control [from odds ratio (OR) = 8.48, 95 % confidence interval (CI) (3.24, 22.2) to 4.00, 95 % CI (1.34, 11.93)]. These findings imply that the identification of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of nonadherence is important for clinical prognosis and the development and delivery of interventions. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Epidemiology & Biostatistics First Advisor Hillary R. Bogner Subject Categories Social and Behavioral Sciences This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/1256 This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn. edu/edissertations/1256 ADHERENCE TO ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS: PATTERNS, CORRELATES AND OUTCOMES Heather Faye de Vries McClintock
A Survey of Adaptive Control

Research on establishing a stable system using control theory has been ongoing for nearly two hundred years. Various methods and techniques have been developed throughout the years in order to control systems in a robust and stable manner. Naturally, as the controlled system is more complex, it is required to design more advanced control schemes. The most basic group of systems, (from here-on noted as a “plant”), which is analyzed and manipulated by a control system, are known linear time invariant (LTI) plants. For these sorts of systems, classic control theory produces remarkable benchmarks and is reviewed in many books and papers [1]. Modern control theory, such as optimal attempt to optimize the control law by applying a cost functional on the state and the control variables [2,3]. However, these methods rely on knowing the model of the plant or at least have a very good approximation.
Three Dimensions of Research Quality

Research quality is currently an area attracting a lot of interest. Previous studies have looked at research quality mainly from two perspectives: as a measure of research productivity and performance (e.g. citation analysis) and as a guide for research quality development (e.g. reviewers’ comments analysis). While acknowledging the usefulness of the first, this paper focuses on the latter with the goal of identifying directions for professional development. Through reviewing previous studies related to research quality and guidelines for publishing, as well as looking at research articles published in international journals, this paper reveals research quality from three dimensions: research procedure quality (e.g. establishing validity and reliability), research presentation quality especially concerning the writing up of research (e.g. clarity of research purposes, clarity of findings), and researching quality (e.g. awareness of decisions taken, consideration of methodological strengths and weaknesses). The last of these is a characteristic of research quality that has not been paid much attention previously, and the implications of researching quality for the professional development of researchers are considered.
Liposomes and lipopolymeric carriers for gene delivery

In this work we have examined the ability of various lipopolyplexes to deliver genes into liver cancer cells. We evaluated different parameters such as the protocol of preparation, the lipid/DNA molar ratio, and the molecular weight and type of PEI, to optimize the formulation to achieve high transfection activity. Our hypothesis was that the association of PEI with cationic liposomes (lipopolyplexes) would increase luciferase expression compared to lipoplexes (cationic lipid and DNA) and polyplexes (cationic polymer and DNA) alone.
Adenosine A3 receptor‐induced CCL2 synthesis in cultured mouse astrocytes

During neuropathological conditions, high concentrations of adenosine are released, stimulating adenosine receptors in neurons and glial cells. It has recently been shown that stimulation of adenosine receptors in glial cells induces the release of neuroprotective substances such as NGF, S‐100β, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). It has therefore been suggested that glial adenosine receptors are involved in neuroprotection. Since recently neuroprotective effects of the chemokine CCL2 (formerly known as MCP‐1) have been reported, we investigated the possible effect of adenosine receptor stimulation on glial CCL2 synthesis. Here we show that stimulation of cultured murine astrocytes with the selective adenosine A3 receptor agonist 2‐chloro‐N6‐(3‐iodobenzyl)‐N‐methyl‐5′‐carbamoyladenosine (CL‐IB‐MECA) induced the release of CCL2. Specific ligands for adenosine A1 or A2 receptors did not affect CCL2 release. Furthermore, CL‐IB‐MECA‐induced CCL2 synthesis was inhibited by adenosine A3 receptor antagonists. These results show that stimulation of adenosine A3 receptors in astrocytes induced the release of CCL2, thus supporting the assumption that adenosine receptors in glial cells regulate the synthesis of neuroprotective substances. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Human Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5), a Sequentially and Structurally Divergent SET Domain-Containing Protein with No Intrinsic Catalytic Activity

Mixed Lineage Leukemia 5 (MLL5) plays a key role in hematopoiesis, spermatogenesis and cell cycle progression. Chromatin binding is ensured by its plant homeodomain (PHD) through a direct interaction with the N-terminus of histone H3 (H3). In addition, MLL5 contains a Su(var)3-9, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax (SET) domain, a protein module that usually displays histone lysine methyltransferase activity. We report here the crystal structure of the unliganded SET domain of human MLL5 at 2.1 Å resolution. Although it shows most of the canonical features of other SET domains, both the lack of key residues and the presence in the SET-I subdomain of an unusually large loop preclude the interaction of MLL5 SET with its cofactor and substrate. Accordingly, we show that MLL5 is devoid of any in vitro methyltransferase activity on full-length histones and histone H3 peptides. Hence, the three dimensional structure of MLL5 SET domain unveils the structural basis for its lack of methyltransferase activity and suggests a new regulatory mechanism.
Connexin-based channels contribute to metabolic pathways in the oligodendroglial lineage

ABSTRACT Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo a series of energy-consuming developmental events; however, the uptake and trafficking pathways for their energy metabolites remain unknown. In the present study, we found that 2-NBDG, a fluorescent glucose analog, can be delivered between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through connexin-based gap junction channels but cannot be transferred between astrocytes and OPCs. Instead, connexin hemichannel-mediated glucose uptake supports OPC proliferation, and ethidium bromide uptake or increase of 2-NBDG uptake rate is correlated with intracellular Ca2+ elevation in OPCs, indicating a Ca2+-dependent activation of connexin hemichannels. Interestingly, deletion of connexin 43 (Cx43, also known as GJA1) in astrocytes inhibits OPC proliferation by decreasing matrix glucose levels without impacting on OPC hemichannel properties, a process that also occurs in corpus callosum from acute brain slices. Thus, dual functions of connexin-based channels contribute to glucose supply in oligodendroglial lineage, which might pave a new way for energy-metabolism-directed oligodendroglial-targeted therapies. Summary: Glucose can be delivered between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through gap junction channels, and spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ signaling triggers connexin hemichannel activity that enables glucose uptake in OPCs.
Assisted Multitouch Image-Based Reconstruction

We present an image-based reconstruction approach for mobile, multitouch enabled devices. A novel scene description based on a multi-agent system is used to allow a real-time reconstruction workflow even on devices with relatively low processing speeds. Using the built in camera along with data from an accelerometer, compass and GPS module allows us to easily add new camera objects to our reconstruction world with an initial estimation for position and orientation. Our multi-agent scene description proved to be flexible enough to perform modelling tasks beyond image-based reconstruction using multitouch gestures only.
Quantum-Dot-Based Mid-IR Single-Photon Detector With Self-Quenching and Self-Recovering Operation

A single-photon detector based on an avalanche quantum dot IR photodetector is presented and designed for self-quenching and self-recovering operation at IR wavelength. The device consists of dot layers and resonant tunneling barriers in the absorption region. An additional layer, called the transient carrier buffer, is added to trap the backward holes. For an avalanche process, the accumulation of backward-traveling-avalanche-generated holes leads to a reduction in the electric field of the multiplication region and avalanche gain, and consequently, the detector is quenched. The detector is self-recovered by thermionic emission and tunneling currents. We study the self-quenching and self-recovery performance of the device. A detection efficiency of around 8% is obtained.
Designing and evaluating an effective theory-based continuing interprofessional education program to improve sepsis care by enhancing healthcare team collaboration

Abstract Continuing interprofessional education (CIPE) differs from traditional continuing education (CE) in both the learning process and content, especially when it occurs in the workplace. Applying theories to underpin the development, implementation, and evaluation of CIPE activities informs educational design, encourages reflection, and enhances our understanding of CIPE and collaborative practice. The purpose of this article is to describe a process of design, implementation, and evaluation of CIPE through the application of explicit theories related to CIPE and workplace learning. A description of an effective theory-based program delivered to faculty and clinicians to enhance healthcare team collaboration is provided. Results demonstrated that positive changes in provider perceptions of and commitment to team-based care were achieved using this theory-based approach. Following this program, participants demonstrated a greater appreciation for the roles of other team members by indicating that more responsibility for implementing the Surviving Sepsis guideline should be given to nurses and respiratory therapists and less to physicians. Furthermore, a majority (86%) of the participants made commitments to demonstrate specific collaborative behaviors in their own practice. The article concludes with a discussion of our enhanced understanding of CIPE and a reinterpretation of the learning process which has implications for future CIPE workplace learning activities.
Clustering technical documents by stylistic features for authorship analysis

While previous research has demonstrated the ability to discriminate between authors using purely stylistic features, the majority of studies have been conducted on large corpora of non-technical literature. We investigate the ability of unsupervised methods to recover the authorial structure of a collection of technical documents labeled by primary author. Experiments were conducted using 23 submitted conference and journal papers containing almost 100,000 words from a local engineering research group with papers authored by both the Principal Investigator and by graduate students. Stylistic information was extracted from the body of each text forming a feature vector representing the document. Spectral clustering was applied to the feature vectors and the resulting clustering had an Adjusted Rand Index of . 306 which is significantly better than chance (p <; .05).
A fuzzy model of support vector machine regression

Fuzziness must he considered in systems where human estimation is influential. A model of such a vague phenomenon might he represented as a fuzzy system equation which can he described by the fuzzy functions defined by Zadeh’s extension principle. In this paper, we incorporate the concept of fuzzy set theory into the support vector machine (SVM) regression. The parameters to he identified in SVM regression, such as the components within the weight vector and the bias term, are fuzzy numbers, and the desired outputs in training samples are also fuzzy numbers. This integration preserves the benefits of SVM regression model and fuzzy regression model, where the SVM learning theory characterizes properties of learning machines which enable them to generalize well the unseen data and the fuzzy set theory might he very useful for finding a fuzzy structure in an evaluation system.
Autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome in two families is caused by mutations in the COL9A1 gene.

PURPOSE To investigate COL9A1 in two families suggestive of autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome and to delineate the associated phenotype. METHODS The probands of two consanguineous autosomal recessive Stickler families were evaluated for homozygosity using SNP microarray in one and haplotype analysis in the other. Subsequently, the entire COL9A1 open reading frame was analyzed by DNA sequencing in all members of the respective families. Several family members were investigated for dysmorphic features as well as ophthalmic, audiologic, and radiologic abnormalities. RESULTS A novel homozygous COL9A1 mutation (p.R507X) was identified in two affected Turkish sisters, and the previously published mutation (p.R295X) was found in a Moroccan boy. Ophthalmic assessment revealed myopia, cataracts, distinct vitreous changes, progressive chorioretinal degeneration, and exudative and rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. All three had sensorineural hearing loss and epiphyseal dysplasia. Intervertebral disc bulging was observed in one patient and in two heterozygous carriers of the p.R507X mutation. CONCLUSIONS A second, novel mutation was identified in COL9A1, causing autosomal recessive Stickler syndrome together with the previously described nucleotide change in two separate families. Although the overall phenotype was comparable to autosomal dominant Stickler, vitreous changes that may enable recognition of patients who are likely to carry mutations in COL9A1 were identified, and exudative retinal detachment was observed as a new finding in Stickler syndrome.
Tight upper bounds on the redundancy of Huffman codes

Bounds on the redundancy of Huffman codes in terms of the probability p/sub 1/ of the most likely source letter are provided. In particular, upper bounds are presented that are sharper than the bounds given recently by R.G. Gallager (ibid., vol.IT-24, no.6, p.668-74, Nov.1978) and by R.M. Capocelli et al. (ibid., vol. IT-32, no.6, p.854-857, Nov. 1986) for an interval 2/(2/sup l+1/+1) or=2. It is shown that the new bounds are the tightest possible for these intervals. >
Numerical and experimental investigation of the strength of corrugated board packages

The buckling behaviour of corrugated paper packages was studied by means of an experimental and theoretical analysis. Mechanical behaviour of paperboard was first evaluated experimentally, then a local geometry FEM model, able to reproduce with a very good accuracy buckling loads obtained experimentally in the standard edge compression test, was developed. In order to investigate the buckling of a complete package, a finite element ‘corrugated board’ was introduced by means of a dedicated homogenization procedure. The FEM model of the package, assembled with this new element, can accurately predict the experimental data of incipient buckling observed during the standard box compression test, despite the few degrees of freedom and the minimal computational effort. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A data fusion algorithm for mapping sea-ice concentrations from Special Sensor Microwave/Imager data

Ice charts from the U.S. National Ice Center, Washington, DC, are compared to published algorithms for generating sea-ice concentrations from SSM/I data. The same ice charts, in a form that includes information derived only from RADARSAT, OLS, and AVHRR data, are used in an operational algorithm that effectively tunes a hybrid of the Bootstrap and NASA Team algorithms and principal components of the SSM/I data to the time and region associated with the ice chart. This "tuned" algorithm is then used to interpolate ice concentrations elsewhere in the ice chart where no cloud-free, high resolution, visible, infrared or active microwave satellite data are available. The algorithm is designed to operate in near real time to assist the ice analysts in their otherwise manually-intensive task of compiling ice charts for vessels operating in ice-infested waters.