Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Greater spear-nosed bats discriminate group mates by vocalizations

Individuals often benefit from identifying their prospective social partners. Some species that live in stable social groups discriminate between their group mates and others, basing this distinction on calls that differ among individuals. Vocalizations that differ between social groups are much less common, and few studies have demonstrated that animals use group-distinctive calls to identify group mates. Female greater spear-nosed bats, Phyllostomus hastatus, live in stable groups of unrelated bats and give audible frequency, broadband calls termed screech calls when departing from the roost and at foraging sites. Previous field observations suggested that bats give screech calls to coordinate movements among group members. Prior acoustic analyses of 12 acoustic variables found group differences but not individual differences. Here, we use the same acoustic variables to compare calls from three cave colonies, and find that calls differ between caves. We also report results from field and laboratory playback experiments designed to test whether bats use acoustic differences to discriminate calls from different colonies, groups or individuals. Results from field playbacks indicate that response depends on the cave of origin, indicating that bats can discriminate among calls from different caves. This discrimination ability may be based, in part, on whether calls are familiar or unfamiliar to the listening bats. Laboratory playbacks demonstrate that bats discriminate calls given by their group mates from calls given by other bats from the same cave irrespective of familiarity. However, these experiments provide no evidence that bats discriminate among individuals. Previous field work indicates that females that forage with social group mates may benefit from shared information about food or mutual defence of feeding sites. Indicating group membership is essential, since these benefits appear to be restricted to group mates. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
RGB-D sensor based real-time 6DoF-SLAM

A robust 6 Dof SLAM algorithm using an RGB-D sensor has been developed, which can be used in autonomous navigation and localization for robots in an indoor scenario. The SLAM algorithm developed is a graph-based approach in which the nodes of the graph represents the position and orientation of the camera, and the edges of the graph represents the constraints between the nodes. To simplify calculation and achieve real-time application, SURF matching and RANSAC are first applied to consecutive frames from the RGB camera to obtain good corresponding keypoints. Afterwards, ICP is applied to the point cloud of these keypoints, calculating the transformation matrix, and thus obtaining visual odometry. The nodes, edges, and scenery data are then recorded in a graph. Finally, ELCH is applied to eliminate dead-reckoning upon loop detections to ensure global consistency. The resulting 3D model of the surrounding is presented in a point cloud format, consisting of both color and depth information.
The anesthetic considerations while performing supraclavicular brachial plexus block in emergency surgical patients using a nerve stimulator

Regional anesthesia is favored in patients who undergo emergency extremity (limb) surgery, and specifically so in the absence of fasting status. In the absence of ultrasonic guidance, the nerve stimulator still remains a valuable tool in performing a brachial block, but its use is difficult in an emergency surgical patient and greater cautious approach is essential. We identified the supraclavicular plexus by the nerve stimulation-motor response technique as follows. Anterior chest muscles contractions, diaphragmatic contraction, deltoid contractions, and posterior shoulder girdle muscle contractions when identified were taken as "negative response" with decreasing stimulating current. A forearm muscle contraction, especially "wrist flexion" and "finger flexion" at 0.5 mA of current was taken as "positive response. " If no positive response was identified, the "elbow flexion" was considered as the final positive response for successful drug placement. The series of patients had difficulty for administering both general and regional anesthesia and we considered them as complex scenarios. The risk of the block failure was weighed heavily against the benefits of its success. The described series includes patients who had successful outcomes in the end and the techniques, merits, and risks are highlighted.
Using arterial spin labeling to examine mood states in youth

Little is known about the neural correlates of mood states and the specific physiological changes associated with their valence and duration, especially in young people. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) imaging is particularly well‐suited to study sustained cerebral states in young people, due to its robustness to low‐frequency drift, excellent interscan reliability, and noninvasiveness. Yet, it has so far been underutilized for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying mood states in youth.
A Pilot Study to Determine Gender Differences in the Detection of Deception: Accuracy, Cues, and Skepticism

A Pilot Study to Determine Gender Difference in the Detection of Deception; Accuracy, Cues, and Skepticism How accurately people use verbal and nonverbal cues to detect deception appears to be a function of a skeptical orientation toward the truthfulness of the subject. In previous studies, some differences in gender and the detection of deception are cited, but most studies are inconclusive about whether such differences exist. In the present study, university students are asked to judge brief interviews of suspects in a mock crime criminal investigation. Suspects are either guilty or not guilty in the mock crime scenario. Guilty suspects include two persons who are present at the time of the mock crime. A third person, the not guilty suspect, is not present during the mock crime. The subjects are asked to indicate whether they felt each suspect is truthful or deceptive in the suspects responses to five questions. Subjects are asked to also indicate which, if any, of six nonverbal cues they use in making this decision. The findings of this study, as well as future implications for studies, are discussed.
A double‐Fourier approach to enhance the efficiency of the indirect domain sampling in 2D NMR

The relatively long times that may be involved in high‐resolution two‐dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) have stimulated the search for alternative schemes to collect these data. Particularly onerous situations arise when both high‐resolution and large spectral widths are sought along the indirect domain. Strategies proposed for dealing with such cases include folding‐over procedures, Hadamard encoding, and nonlinear data sampling. This communication discusses an alternative strategy, which exploits a partial prior knowledge regarding the position of the NMR resonances along the indirect domain together with customized excitations for every particular t1 increment, to achieve an optimal sampling in terms of resolution and bandwidth. On the basis of such optimized encoding of the indirect‐domain evolution, which can easily be coped with by modern spectrometers, it becomes possible to maximize the resolution of fine structures without compromising on the spectral bandwidths. The processing of the resulting data along the indirect domain is based on the use of two serially applied discrete Fourier transforms; one to distinguish the main bands in the spectrum and the other to resolve the latter's fine features. A number of simple heteronuclear correlation experiments illustrating the significant acquisition time savings and simultaneous improvements in resolution that can be achieved with the resulting double‐Fourier encoding procedure are illustrated. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Essential Bacillus subtilis genes

To estimate the minimal gene set required to sustain bacterial life in nutritious conditions, we carried out a systematic inactivation of Bacillus subtilis genes. Among ≈4,100 genes of the organism, only 192 were shown to be indispensable by this or previous work. Another 79 genes were predicted to be essential. The vast majority of essential genes were categorized in relatively few domains of cell metabolism, with about half involved in information processing, one-fifth involved in the synthesis of cell envelope and the determination of cell shape and division, and one-tenth related to cell energetics. Only 4% of essential genes encode unknown functions. Most essential genes are present throughout a wide range of Bacteria, and almost 70% can also be found in Archaea and Eucarya. However, essential genes related to cell envelope, shape, division, and respiration tend to be lost from bacteria with small genomes. Unexpectedly, most genes involved in the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway are essential. Identification of unknown and unexpected essential genes opens research avenues to better understanding of processes that sustain bacterial life.
Distribution of Lipoproteins by Age and Gender in Adolescents

Background— The current National Cholesterol Education Program lipoprotein classification system for children and adolescents is recommended for use among 2- to 19-year-olds. This classification system does not take into account gender differences or the natural fluctuations in lipoprotein concentrations that occur with growth and maturation. Methods and Results— Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys were used to develop age- and gender-specific thresholds that can be used to denote abnormal levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Each curve was linked to the adult National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III lipoprotein thresholds using LMS (Lambda-Mu-Sigma) growth curve regression methods. A series of growth curves and tables are presented that can be used to diagnose high-risk lipoprotein levels in the clinical and research settings. For example, in 1-year increments for males starting at age 12 and extending to age 19 years, the high-risk thresholds for total cholesterol were 6.03, 5.83, 5.70, 5.70, 5.77, 5.88, 6.02, and 6.16 mmol/L. The corresponding high-risk threshold for adults (≥20 years) is 6.22 mmol/L. Conclusions— The present study is the first attempt at developing age- and gender-specific lipoprotein threshold concentrations for adolescents. This new classification system should provide a more accurate diagnosis of high-risk lipoprotein levels and associated cardiovascular risks in adolescents.
The Role of Therapeutic Monitoring of Everolimus in Solid Organ Transplantation

Everolimus is a novel proliferation signal inhibitor used in immunosuppressive therapies for the prevention of acute and chronic rejection. A role for everolimus drug monitoring has been suggested because of the potential for improving efficacy and reducing adverse effects. Everolimus has proven efficacy for prevention of rejection in adult de novo renal and cardiac transplant recipients. Similar effects have been shown in pediatric renal transplant patients. Several analytic methods are available to quantify everolimus concentrations. A good relationship exists between everolimus concentration and pharmacological response. Mere clinical monitoring of efficacy is insufficient because clinical presentations of graft rejection vary for each patient and are nonspecific. Thus, the authors have used a previously published 9-step decision-making algorithm to evaluate the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring for everolimus. The recommended therapeutic range for everolimus is a trough concentration of 3 to 8 ng/mL, as concentrations over 3 ng/mL have been associated with a decreased incidence of rejection, and concentrations >8 ng/mL with increased toxicity. Everolimus exhibits interindividual pharmacokinetic variability. African American patients have higher apparent clearance, whereas patients with hepatic dysfunction or those on concomitant medications with potent cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor or inducer properties have lower or higher apparent clearance, respectively. Solid organ transplant recipients will likely be maintained on immunosuppressant therapy for the life of the graft and/or recipient and thus are likely to benefit from clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring. Based on the available evidence, therapeutic drug monitoring for everolimus may provide additional information on efficacy and safety than sound clinical judgment alone. Patients on everolimus who have problems with absorption, who take concurrent cytochrome P450 inhibitors or inducers, or are noncompliant will attain the greatest benefit from drug monitoring.
GATE: an Architecture for Development of Robust HLT applications

In this paper we present GATE, a framework and graphical development environment which enables users to develop and deploy language engineering components and resources in a robust fashion. The GATE architecture has enabled us not only to develop a number of successful applications for various language processing tasks (such as Information Extraction), but also to build and annotate corpora and carry out evaluations on the applications generated. The framework can be used to develop applications and resources in multiple languages, based on its thorough Unicode support.
Providing absolute differentiated services for real-time applications in static-priority scheduling networks

We propose and analyze a methodology for providing absolute differentiated services for real-time applications in networks that use static-priority schedulers. We extend previous work on worst-case delay analysis and develop a method that can be used to derive delay bounds without specific information on flow population. With this new method, we are able to successfully employ a utilization-based admission control approach for flow admission. This approach does not require explicit delay computation at admission time and hence is scalable to large systems. We assume the underlying network to use static-priority schedulers. We design and analyze several priority assignment algorithms, and investigate their ability to achieve higher utilization bounds. Traditionally, schedulers in differentiated services networks assign priorities on a class-by-class basis, with the same priority for each class on each router. We show that relaxing this requirement, that is, allowing different routers to assign different priorities to classes, achieves significantly higher utilization bounds.
Watermarking of MPEG-4 video objects

The recent finalization of MPEG-4 will make this standard very attractive for a large range of applications such as video editing, Internet video distribution, wireless video communications. Some of these applications are likely to get great benefit from watermarking technology, since it can enable a number of innovative services, such as conditional access policies, data annotation, data labeling, content authentication, to be implemented at a low price. One of the key points of the MPEG-4 standard is the possibility to access and manipulate objects within a video sequence. Thus object watermarking has to be achieved in such a way that, while a video object is transferred from a sequence to another, it is still possible to correctly access the data embedded within the object itself. The algorithm proposed in this paper embeds a watermark in each video object by imposing a particular relationship between some predefined pairs of quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in the luminance blocks of pseudo-randomly selected macroblocks (MBs). Watermarks are equally embedded into intra and inter MBs. Experimental results are presented validating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Composites with Gradient Properties From Solid Freeform Fabrication

TetraCast is a build style developed by Milwaukee School of Engineering involving stereolithography patterns produced with an open cellular structure inside a surface shell. Composites are created using this pattern as a host fora filler material, generally epoxy matrices loaded with various fibers or microspheres. Regions within a singleobjectrrray be separated by thin barriers, allowing filling with different matrix materials.to create regiollsof differing. local properties. The internal structure can also be continually graded in thickness to prodUl::e composites with properties ranging from that of the filler material to that of the TetraCast material (currently stereolithography epoxy or FDM ABS).
Human Disease-Drug Network Based on Genomic Expression Profiles

Background Drug repositioning offers the possibility of faster development times and reduced risks in drug discovery. With the rapid development of high-throughput technologies and ever-increasing accumulation of whole genome-level datasets, an increasing number of diseases and drugs can be comprehensively characterized by the changes they induce in gene expression, protein, metabolites and phenotypes. Methodology/Principal Findings We performed a systematic, large-scale analysis of genomic expression profiles of human diseases and drugs to create a disease-drug network. A network of 170,027 significant interactions was extracted from the ∼24.5 million comparisons between ∼7,000 publicly available transcriptomic profiles. The network includes 645 disease-disease, 5,008 disease-drug, and 164,374 drug-drug relationships. At least 60% of the disease-disease pairs were in the same disease area as determined by the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) disease classification tree. The remaining can drive a molecular level nosology by discovering relationships between seemingly unrelated diseases, such as a connection between bipolar disorder and hereditary spastic paraplegia, and a connection between actinic keratosis and cancer. Among the 5,008 disease-drug links, connections with negative scores suggest new indications for existing drugs, such as the use of some antimalaria drugs for Crohn's disease, and a variety of existing drugs for Huntington's disease; while the positive scoring connections can aid in drug side effect identification, such as tamoxifen's undesired carcinogenic property. From the ∼37K drug-drug relationships, we discover relationships that aid in target and pathway deconvolution, such as 1) KCNMA1 as a potential molecular target of lobeline, and 2) both apoptotic DNA fragmentation and G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation as potential pathway targets of daunorubicin. Conclusions/Significance We have automatically generated thousands of disease and drug expression profiles using GEO datasets, and constructed a large scale disease-drug network for effective and efficient drug repositioning as well as drug target/pathway identification.
Métrologie des réseaux sans-fil: A la frontière du signal et du numérique. (Metrology of wireless networks: At the signal and the digital frontier)

La multiplication des reseaux sans-fil de l'Internet des Objets aura pour consequence l'augmentation des problemes d'acces au medium et une forte pollution spectrale. Pour maintenir la qualite des communications, les noeuds devront devenir plus adaptatifs et exploiter un maximum d'informations sur l'etat du medium et des communications. Dans cette optique, cette these presente 3 contributions ayant respectivement traits a la mesure des reseaux sans-fil, a leur modelisation et a la recherche de solutions d'adaptabilite accessibles pour les noeuds de ces futurs reseaux. Par consequent, la 1re des contributions concerne la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'un banc de mesure experimental compatible avec les besoins de ces etudes (i.e. fournir des possibilites de mesures cross-layer a partir du niveau physique et un controle maximal des perturbations du medium). La solution developpee est celle d'un banc concu a l'interieur d'une chambre anechoique dans laquelle du bruit perturbateur est injecte a l'aide d'une antenne directionnelle. a l'interieur de la chambre, les mesures sont effectuees a l'aide d'equipements WIFI et d'equipements de mesure RF. La 2e contribution vise a prendre en compte les mesures issues de ce banc experimental dans le but de tester et d'ameliorer le realisme du simulateur ns- 3 et de ses modeles. En effet, malgre leur peu de realisme, les simulateurs de reseau comme ns-3 sont utilises pour tester de nouveaux protocoles ou de nouvelles applications sans-fil. Dans cette optique, nous proposons un modele d'analyse de cause racine (RCA) concu pour detecter les differences de configuration, d'implementation ou de modelisation entre le simulateur et le banc de mesure a partir de donnees issues de traces experimentales. L'application de ce modele a conduit a une amelioration importante du realisme des modeles WIFI du simulateur. La 3e et derniere contribution consiste a appliquer les algorithmes d'apprentissage SVR, k-nn et DT en vue de l'estimation predictive du debit IP mesure sur un lien sans-fil. Les estimations se font respectivement a partir des valeurs de SNR, de RSS et de bruit mesurees au niveau du noeud recepteur. Les differents algorithmes sont evalues selon la precision de leurs estimations mais aussi sur leurs caracteristiques fonctionnelles (e.g. taille des modeles, .). Les resultats indiquent que les algorithmes SVR et DT utilises avec le SNR permettent les estimations les plus precises. De plus, ces 2 algorithmes offrent les meilleures performances respectivement en termes de memoire utilisee par le modele et de temps de calcul.
Target Site Preferences of Subgroup C Rous Sarcoma Virus Integration into the Chicken DNA

We sequenced unselected integration sites of subgroup C Rous sarcoma virus from infected chicken cells and mapped them on the chicken draft genome assembly. Our genome-wide analysis demonstrates the non-random character of subgroup C Rous sarcoma virus integration into genes, gene-rich regions and GC-rich regions. Within genes, there is no significant integration bias in favor of transcription start sites. Integration sites are underrepresented on microchromo- somes. These results may be important for the development of gene transfer vectors and gene therapy strategies based on avian sarcoma and leukosis viruses.
Genetic Architecture of a Hormonal Response to Gene Knockdown in Honey Bees

Variation in endocrine signaling is proposed to underlie the evolution and regulation of social life histories, but the genetic architecture of endocrine signaling is still poorly understood. An excellent example of a hormonally influenced set of social traits is found in the honey bee (Apis mellifera): a dynamic and mutually suppressive relationship between juvenile hormone (JH) and the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin (Vg) regulates behavioral maturation and foraging of workers. Several other traits cosegregate with these behavioral phenotypes, comprising the pollen hoarding syndrome (PHS) one of the best-described animal behavioral syndromes. Genotype differences in responsiveness of JH to Vg are a potential mechanistic basis for the PHS. Here, we reduced Vg expression via RNA interference in progeny from a backcross between 2 selected lines of honey bees that differ in JH responsiveness to Vg reduction and measured JH response and ovary size, which represents another key aspect of the PHS. Genetic mapping based on restriction site-associated DNA tag sequencing identified suggestive quantitative trait loci (QTL) for ovary size and JH responsiveness. We confirmed genetic effects on both traits near many QTL that had been identified previously for their effect on various PHS traits. Thus, our results support a role for endocrine control of complex traits at a genetic level. Furthermore, this first example of a genetic map of a hormonal response to gene knockdown in a social insect helps to refine the genetic understanding of complex behaviors and the physiology that may underlie behavioral control in general.