Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of the Vagus Nerves in the Cardiovascular Changes Induced by Coronary Occlusion

The importance of vagus nerves to the heart rate, contractile force, blood pressure, and incidence of fatal arrhythmias produced by occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery was studied in chloralose-anesthetized cats. Occlusion performed in 20 animals with intact vagus nerves produced significant decreases in heart rate (23 ± 5.3 beats/min), contractile force (23 ± 6.6%), and blood pressure (20 ± 2.7 mm Hg). Time to onset of arrhythmias was 2.6 ± 0.4 minutes and death due to ventricular fibrillation occurred in four of 20 animals. Occlusion performed in 20 animals with bilateral vagotomy and 20 animals with intact vagus nerves but pretreated with atropine did not decrease heart rate and resulted in significantly more deaths. Time to onset of the arrhythmia was significantly less in both cases. Occlusion produced the usual decrease in contractile force and blood pressure. In addition, a delayed (i.e., after sinus rhythm was restored) decrease in blood pressure and contractile force occurred in animals with vagus nerves sectioned. Pacing hearts of animals with intact and functional vagus nerves to rates comparable to those seen in vagotomized and atropinized cats resulted in a mortality rate identical to that seen in controls. On the other hand, time to onset of the arrhythmia was significantly less than controls and equivalent to the onset times of the vagotomized and atropinized groups. These results suggest that 1) efferent vagus nerves mediate sinus bradyeardia that occurs after coronary occlusion, 2) presence of efferent vagus tone per se reduces the incidence of death, 3) rate effect of efferent vagal tone increases the time to onset of arrhythmias, and 4) presence of afferent vagal tone counteracts the late decline in arterial pressure and contractile force.
Estimation of equivalent pore radii of pulmonary capillary and alveolar membranes.

TAYLOR, AUBREY E. , AND KERMIT A. GAAR, JR. Estimation of equivalent pore radii sf pulmonary capillary and alveolar membranes. Am. J. Physiol. 218(4): 1133-l 140. 1970. -The reflection coefficients (a) of urea, glucose, and sucrose were estimated in an isolated dog lung. The US measured across the capillary for the three test substances were found to be . 018 zt . 003, . 026 =t . 002, and . 044 ZIZ . 004, respectively. The same three test molecules were investigated in fluid-filled lobes and the C’S were calculated to be . 59, . 72, and . 81, respectively, for the alveolar membrane. Also, when flow was varied from fs to 1 ? s times normal no difference was observed in the calculated US for the capillary membrane. Antipyrine produced no osmotic transient across the pulmonary capillary. When (1 a) was plotted as a function of time, a pore radius of 6 10 A was calculated for the alveolar membrane and one of 40 58 A was estimated for the pulmonary capillary membrane. Thus, the alveolar membrane represents a tight cellular-type structure, whereas the pulmonary capillary represents a highly permeable, porous structure.
Fine-Tuning Oligodendrocyte Development by microRNAs

Myelination of axons by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is essential for normal neuronal functions. The failure of remyelination due to injury or pathological insults results in devastating demyelinating diseases. Oligodendrocytes originate in restricted regions of the embryonic ventral neural tube. After migration to populate all areas of the brain and spinal cord, oligodendrocyte precursors undergo a temporally well-defined series of molecular and structural changes, ultimately culminating in the cessation of proliferation, and the elaboration of a highly complex myelin sheath. The emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as potent regulators of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level has broad implications in all facets of cell biology. Recent studies have demonstrated a critical role of miRNAs in oligodendrocyte development, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and myelin formation. In this review, we will highlight and discuss the recent understanding of functional links of miRNAs to regulatory networks for central myelination, as well as perspectives on the role of miRNAs in demyelinating diseases.
Glycoengineering of Interferon-β 1a Improves Its Biophysical and Pharmacokinetic Properties

The purpose of this study was to develop a biobetter version of recombinant human interferon-β 1a (rhIFN-β 1a) to improve its biophysical properties, such as aggregation, production and stability, and pharmacokinetic properties without jeopardizing its activity. To achieve this, we introduced additional glycosylation into rhIFN-β 1a via site-directed mutagenesis. Glycoengineering of rhIFN-β 1a resulted in a new molecular entity, termed R27T, which was defined as a rhIFN-β mutein with two N-glycosylation sites at 80th (original site) and at an additional 25th amino acid due to a mutation of Thr for Arg at position 27th of rhIFN-β 1a. Glycoengineering had no effect on rhIFN-β ligand-receptor binding, as no loss of specific activity was observed. R27T showed improved stability and had a reduced propensity for aggregation and an increased half-life. Therefore, hyperglycosylated rhIFN-β could be a biobetter version of rhIFN-β 1a with a potential for use as a drug against multiple sclerosis.
Automated Fine-Grained CPU Provisioning for Virtual Machines

Ideally, the pay-as-you-go model of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds should enable users to rent just enough resources (e.g., CPU or memory bandwidth) to fulfill their service level objectives (SLOs). Achieving this goal is hard on current IaaS offers, which require users to explicitly specify the amount of resources to reserve; this requirement is nontrivial for users, because estimating the amount of resources needed to attain application-level SLOs is often complex, especially when resources are virtualized and the service provider colocates virtual machines (VMs) on host nodes. For this reason, users who deploy VMs subject to SLOs are usually prone to overprovisioning resources, thus resulting in inflated business costs. This article tackles this issue with AutoPro: a runtime system that enhances IaaS clouds with automated and fine-grained resource provisioning based on performance SLOs. Our main contribution with AutoPro is filling the gap between application-level performance SLOs and allocation of a contended resource, without requiring explicit reservations from users. In this article, we focus on CPU bandwidth allocation to throughput-driven, compute-intensive multithreaded applications colocated on a multicore processor; we show that a theoretically sound, yet simple, control strategy can enable automated fine-grained allocation of this contended resource, without the need for offline profiling. Additionally, AutoPro helps service providers optimize infrastructure utilization by provisioning idle resources to best-effort workloads, so as to maximize node-level utilization. Our extensive experimental evaluation confirms that AutoPro is able to automatically determine and enforce allocations to meet performance SLOs while maximizing node-level utilization by supporting batch workloads on a best-effort basis.
LTE frequency one re-use factor: Would it be an efficient solution for the unlicensed bands? A stochastic geometry analysis

With the increasing demand on higher data rates to enhance the user experience, one possible solution would be to extend the cellular technology such as LTE toward the unlicensed bands. Initially, LTE was designed based on the frequency re-use factor of one and which has lead to higher capacity in several deployment scenarios. This happens when LTE exclusively uses the licensed spectrum where interference can be controlled. On the other hand, when LTE uses the unlicensed spectrum, other technologies such as WiFi will coexist and hence LTE will be subject to uncontrolled interference while it is expected to achieve a fair coexistence with such technologies. Given these constraints, we discuss in this paper the utilization of frequency re-use factor of one for LTE in the unlicensed band. In this case and subject to regulations of utilizing unlicensed bands, LTE will use the Listen before talk (LBT) mechanism with other radio access technologies. Thus, using tools from stochastic geometry, we model and analyze the effect of such scenario while comparing it to the case where LTE considers LBT mechanism with other LTE transmissions. Our analysis shows interesting performance gains that can be achieved by LTE in terms of rate coverage probability.
Collagen type XVIII/endostatin is differentially expressed in primary and metastatic colorectal cancers and ovarian carcinomas

Collagen type XVIII (C18) is a nonfibrillar collagen of basement membranes. Its C-terminal fragment, endostatin, has been identified as an inhibitor of angiogenesis. C18 is predominantly expressed by hepatocytes of normal, cirrhotic and neoplastic liver. We compared the patterns of C18 RNA-expression in colonic adenocarcinoma metastases, which represent the most frequently occurring liver tumours, to normal colon mucosa, to primary colon cancers and to ovarian cancers which are often morphologically similar to colonic cancer or metastasis. Two C18-specific RNA-probes were generated to perform in situ hybridization combined with immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin, vimentin and the endothelial marker CD31, in order to characterize the C18-expressing cells. C18/endostatin protein was localized by immunohistology. In colorectal carcinomas and their liver metastases high levels of C18 transcripts were observed in endothelial cells and fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, whereas C18 RNA was virtually absent from carcinoma cells. Ovarian carcinomas displayed high C18 RNA expression both in carcinoma and stromal cells, indicating that induction of C18 transcription in tumour stromal cells is independent of the ability of carcinoma cells to express C18. While the role of tumour cell derived C18 in cancer growth regulation remains unknown, stimulation of proteolysis of the locally strongly expressed C18 to endostatin could offer an attractive approach for a targeted antineoplastic therapy. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer. com
Degree of boundary integration and strategic resource path affect information sharing in supply chain flexibility under relational phase

With rapidly changing and multi-integration of current business environment, enterprises have to face the change of inter-organizational relationship phase in supply chains, and the degree of boundary integration will changed also. Considering of relation-specific assets among firms, enterprises react by different strategic resources paths. As well as the mechanism design combined with the ability of information technology (IT) integrate to increase organizational flexibility and efficiency. This competitive advantage has become one of the important issues between firms and their own supply chains. The prior literatures seldom analysis the strategic resources paths of inter-organizational relation-specific assets in supply chains under different change of relationship phases, and cause the change of inter-organizational flexibility and information sharing in supply chains. Secondly, there are little literatures consider the interaction between mechanism design and factors of transaction cost theory (TCT) cause the effect of the supply chain process efficiency under relationship phase changing. Last, in the views of the change of relationship phase and mechanism design, this study analysis inter-organizational performance of supply chains by IT integration. And we construct a structure model of supply chain inter-organizational operation flexibility and performance by relationship phase changed, mechanism design, degree of boundary integration and IT integration.
Integrating Design Stages of Fuzzy Systems using Genetic Algorithms 1

This paper proposes an automatic fuzzy system design method that uses a Genetic Algorithm and integrates three design stages; our method determines membership functions, the number of fuzzy rules, and the ruleconsequent parameters at the same time. Because these design stages may not be independent, it is important to consider them simultaneously to obtain optimal fuzzy systems. The method includes a genetic algorithm and a penalty strategy that favors systems with fewer rules. The proposed method is applied to the classic inverted pendulum control problem and has been shown to be practical through a comparison with another method.
Hypergraph Based Document Categorization: Frequent Itemsets vs Hypercliques

This paper describes a new hypergraph formulation for document categorization, where hyperclique patterns, strongly affiliated documents in this case, are used as hyperedges. Compared to frequent itemsets, the objects in a hyperclique pattern have a guaranteed level of global pairwise similarity to one another as measured by the cosine or Jaccard similarity measure. Since hypergraph partitioning is mainly based on vertex similairty on the hyperedge, hypercliques may serve as better quality hyperedges. Besides, due to the additional confidence constraint, we can cover more items in the mined patterns while keep the pattern size reasonable. Hence, the difficulty in partitioning dense hypergraphs, which is often encountered in frequent itemset based hypergraph partitioning, is alleviated considerably. Finally, experiments with real-world datasets show that, with hyperclique patterns as hyperedges, we can improve the clustering results in terms of various external validation measures.
Identifying functional reorganization of spelling networks: an individual peak probability comparison approach

Previous research has shown that damage to the neural substrates of orthographic processing can lead to functional reorganization during reading (Tsapkini et al., 2011); in this research we ask if the same is true for spelling. To examine the functional reorganization of spelling networks we present a novel three-stage Individual Peak Probability Comparison (IPPC) analysis approach for comparing the activation patterns obtained during fMRI of spelling in a single brain-damaged individual with dysgraphia to those obtained in a set of non-impaired control participants. The first analysis stage characterizes the convergence in activations across non-impaired control participants by applying a technique typically used for characterizing activations across studies: Activation Likelihood Estimate (ALE) (Turkeltaub et al., 2002). This method was used to identify locations that have a high likelihood of yielding activation peaks in the non-impaired participants. The second stage provides a characterization of the degree to which the brain-damaged individual's activations correspond to the group pattern identified in Stage 1. This involves performing a Mahalanobis distance statistics analysis (Tsapkini et al., 2011) that compares each of a control group's peak activation locations to the nearest peak generated by the brain-damaged individual. The third stage evaluates the extent to which the brain-damaged individual's peaks are atypical relative to the range of individual variation among the control participants. This IPPC analysis allows for a quantifiable, statistically sound method for comparing an individual's activation pattern to the patterns observed in a control group and, thus, provides a valuable tool for identifying functional reorganization in a brain-damaged individual with impaired spelling. Furthermore, this approach can be applied more generally to compare any individual's activation pattern with that of a set of other individuals.
Advancements in the U.S. army corps of engineers hydrographic survey capabilities: The SHOALS system

Abstract In an effort to modernize its hydrographic survey capabilities, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has undertaken a joint development program with Canada to construct and field test an operational prototype airborne lidar bathymeter system. The construction and field verification effort of this program began March 1990 with field tests scheduled for winter 1993. The system will be built by Optech, Inc., based on their design of the LARSEN 500, the only commercial lidar system currently producing bathymetric surveys. The Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system will operate out of a medium‐sized helicopter such as the Bell 212 at approximately 200 meters altitude where the laser scanning system generates a swath width of just over 140 meters. System requirements dictate a laser operating at 200 Hz in both the blue‐green wave length for maximum water depth penetration and the infrared for surface interface recognition. Each laser shot strikes the water surface at a know.
A Mutli-Agent Task Allocation Model in Open-Space Emergency Evacuation Management

Open-space emergency evacuation is the movement of people away the threat in the short time. Task allocation is a fundamental research challenge in emergency evacuation domain of multi-agent systems (MAS). This paper proposes the multi-agent task allocation model which is called EV-GAP. Accordingly, the capability of agent was redefined to satisfy the requirement of open-space emergency evacuation. Corresponding the task allocation algorithm based on EV-GAP has is also given. Finally, the experiment of the task allocation of open-space emergency evacuation for a chlorine leakage accident is completed to validate this model.
Tim62, a Novel Mitochondrial Protein in Trypanosoma brucei, Is Essential for Assembly and Stability of the TbTim17 Protein Complex*

Background: Trypanosoma brucei Tim17, the translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane, is associated with TbTim62. Results: TbTim62 knockdown reduced stability and assembly of the TbTim17 translocase (TbTIM). Conclusion: TbTim62 is an essential assembly and stabilization factor for TbTIM and protects TbTim17 from degradation. Significance: These studies identified a novel component for mitochondrial protein import machinery in T. brucei. Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis, possesses non-canonical mitochondrial protein import machinery. Previously, we characterized the essential translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM) consisting of Tim17 in T. brucei. TbTim17 is associated with TbTim62. Here we show that TbTim62, a novel protein, is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and its import into mitochondria depends on TbTim17. Knockdown (KD) of TbTim62 decreased the steady-state levels of TbTim17 post-transcriptionally. Further analysis showed that import of TbTim17 into mitochondria was not inhibited, but its half-life was reduced >4-fold due to TbTim62 KD. Blue-native gel electrophoresis revealed that TbTim62 is present primarily in ∼150-kDa and also in ∼1100-kDa protein complexes, whereas TbTim17 is present in multiple complexes within the range of ∼300 to ∼1100 kDa. TbTim62 KD reduced the levels of both TbTim62 as well as TbTim17 protein complexes. Interestingly, TbTim17 was accumulated as lower molecular mass complexes in TbTim62 KD mitochondria. Furthermore, depletion of TbTim62 hampered the assembly of the ectopically expressed TbTim17–2X-myc into TbTim17 protein complex. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that association of TbTim17 with mHSP70 was markedly reduced in TbTim62 KD mitochondria. All together our results demonstrate that TbTim62, a unique mitochondrial protein in T. brucei, is required for the formation of a stable TbTim17 protein complex. TbTim62 KD destabilizes this complex, and unassembled TbTim17 degrades. Therefore, TbTim62 acts as a novel regulatory factor to maintain the levels of TIM in T. brucei mitochondria.
Statistical Measures of the Semi-Productivity of Light Verb Constructions

We propose a statistical measure for the degree of acceptability of light verb constructions, such as take a walk, based on their linguistic properties. Our measure shows good correlations with human ratings on unseen test data. Moreover, we find that our measure correlates more strongly when the potential complements of the construction (such as walk, stroll, or run) are separated into semantically similar classes. Our analysis demonstrates the systematic nature of the semi-productivity of these constructions.
Edinburgh Research Explorer Fetal testosterone and autistic traits

Acknowledgments . This work was supported by the Nancy Lurie-Marks Family Foundation and the Medical Research Council (MRC). Bonnie Auyeung was supported by a scholarship from Trinity College, Cambridge. We are grateful to the families who have taken part in this longitudinal study over many years and to Melissa Hines, Rosa Hoekstra, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Malcolm Bang, Svetlana Lutchmaya, Greg Davis, and Ieuan Hughes for valuable discussions. Abstract Studies of amniotic testosterone in humans suggest that foetal testosterone (fT) is related to specific (but not all) sexually dimorphic aspects of cognition and behaviour. It has also been suggested that autism may be an extreme manifestation of some male-typical traits, both in terms of cognition and neuroanatomy. In this paper, we examine the possibility of a link between autistic traits and fT levels measured in amniotic fluid during routine amniocentesis. Two instruments measuring number of autistic traits (the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test (CAST) and the Child Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Child)) were completed by these women about their children ( n =235), ages 6-10 yrs. IQ was measured in a subset of these children ( n= 74). fT levels were positively associated with higher scores on the CAST and AQ-Child. This relationship was seen within sex as well as when the sexes were combined, suggesting this is an effect of fT rather than of sex per se. No relationships were found between overall IQ and the predictor variables, or between IQ and CAST or AQ-Child. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that prenatal androgen exposure is related to children exhibiting more autistic traits. These results need to be followed up in a much larger sample to test if clinical cases of ASC have elevated fT.
An educational intervention to improve the endoscopist’s ability to correctly diagnose small gastric lesions using magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging

Background Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) and a simple and systematic classification system based on microvascular and microsurface patterns, the “VS” classification system (VSCS), have been shown to be useful for the diagnosis of early gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify whether an educational lecture about the VSCS improves performance with ME-NBI. Methods Sixty-four gastrointestinal endoscopists took the 1st exam before receiving the lecture about the VSCS, the 2nd exam immediately after the lecture, and the 3rd exam 2 months after the lecture. We compared the VSCS-based diagnostic accuracy among the participants before and after the lecture. Results The proportion of correct diagnoses was significantly higher, at 70.8% in the 2nd exam than in the 1st exam, at 53.1% (P<0.001). The correct diagnosis rate in the 3rd exam was significantly lower than that in the 2nd exam (60.9% vs. 70.8%; P<0.001) but was still higher than that in the 1st exam (60.9% vs. 53.1%; P<0.001). The difference in proportion of correct diagnosis between the 2nd and the 3rd exams was smaller among routine ME-NBI practitioners (n=6; 79.2% and 76.1%, respectively), compared to that among non-routine practitioners (n=34; 71.6% and 59.8%, respectively) or non-practitioners (n=24; 67.5% and 58.8%, respectively). Conclusion This study revealed that an educational intervention increased correct diagnosis rate of small gastric lesions using the VSCS, diagnosis criteria based on ME-NBI and also showed that the routine use of the modality and the diagnosis criteria was necessary to maintain diagnostic skills.