Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Resistance to Moniliophthora spp. Diseases via Genome-Wide Association Analysis and Genomic Selection

Cacao (Theobroma cacao) is a globally important crop, and its yield is severely restricted by disease. Two of the most damaging diseases, witches’ broom disease (WBD) and frosty pod rot disease (FPRD), are caused by a pair of related fungi: Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri, respectively. Resistant cultivars are the most effective long-term strategy to address Moniliophthora diseases, but efficiently generating resistant and productive new cultivars will require robust methods for screening germplasm before field testing. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genomic selection (GS) provide two potential avenues for predicting the performance of new genotypes, potentially increasing the selection gain per unit time. To test the effectiveness of these two approaches, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and GS on three related populations of cacao in Ecuador genotyped with a 15K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for three measures of WBD infection (vegetative broom, cushion broom, and chirimoya pod), one of FPRD (monilia pod) and two productivity traits (total fresh weight of pods and % healthy pods produced). GWAS yielded several SNPs associated with disease resistance in each population, but none were significantly correlated with the same trait in other populations. Genomic selection, using one population as a training set to estimate the phenotypes of the remaining two (composed of different families), varied among traits, from a mean prediction accuracy of 0.46 (vegetative broom) to 0.15 (monilia pod), and varied between training populations. Simulations demonstrated that selecting seedlings using GWAS markers alone generates no improvement over selecting at random, but that GS improves the selection process significantly. Our results suggest that the GWAS markers discovered here are not sufficiently predictive across diverse germplasm to be useful for MAS, but that using all markers in a GS framework holds substantial promise in accelerating disease-resistance in cacao.
Detection of false data injection attacks against state estimation in smart grids based on a mixture Gaussian distribution learning method

One of the most addressed attacks in power networks is false data injection (FDI) which affects monitoring, fault detection, and state estimation integrity by tampering measurement data. To detect such devastating attack, the authors propose a statistical anomaly detection approach based on Gaussian mixture model, while some appropriate machine learning approaches are evaluated for detecting FDI. It should be noted that a finite mixture model is a convex combination of some probability density functions and combining the properties of several probability functions, making the mixture models capable of approximating any arbitrary distribution. Simulations results confirm superior performance of the proposed method over conventional bad data detection (BDD) tests and other learning approaches that studied in this article. It should be noted that using data which change significantly over a day can be highly clustered, and therefore, detected much easier compared with small changes in the loads. So without loss of generality, in the simulations it is assumed that the power demand follows a uniform distribution in a small range. However, the detector can be trained regularly based on the updated load profile.
Quantitative Analysis of Deuterium Annealing Effect on Poly-Si TFTs by Low Frequency Noise and DC ${I}$ – ${V}$ Characterization

Deuterium (D<sub>2</sub>) annealing was applied to a poly-crystalline silicon thin-film transistor (poly-Si TFT) to improve reliability and performance. The field-effect electron mobility (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>) was extracted using the gate transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${g}_{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) method. It was found that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> was improved before and after D<sub>2</sub> annealing. The interface trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) as well as the oxide trap density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {ot}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) in the poly-Si TFTs was quantitatively extracted using both conventional dc I–V characterization and analysis of low frequency noise (<italic>LFN</italic>). The profile of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {ot}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> along the depth direction was investigated before and after D<sub>2</sub> annealing using <italic>LFN</italic> characteristics. It was confirmed that <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as well as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}_{\text {ot}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> was reduced by the D<sub>2</sub> annealing, resulting in a reduction in power spectral density and variation.
Validation of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised Using Biomarkers in Children and Adolescents

The Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R) can be used to determine overall dietary patterns. We assessed the BHEI-R scores in children and adolescents, aged from 9 to 13 years old, and associated its component scores with biomarkers of health and dietary exposure. Three 24-h recalls were used to generate BHEI-R. Biomarkers were analyzed in plasma and red blood cells. Correlation tests, agreement, and covariance analyses were used to associate BHEI-R components with biomarkers. Data from 167 subjects were used. The strongest correlations were between fruits, vegetables and legumes with omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, and β-carotene intakes. Milk and dairy correlated with plasma retinol and pyridoxine. All components rich in vegetable and animal protein sources correlated with plasma creatine. Total BHEI-R scores were positively associated with intakes of omega-6, omega-3, fiber and vitamin C, and inversely associated with energy and saturated fat intakes of individuals. Plasma β-carotene and riboflavin biomarkers were positively associated with total BHEI-R. An inadequate food consumption pattern was captured by both biomarkers of health and dietary exposure. BHEI-R was validated for the above dietary components and can be associated with metabolomics and nutritional epidemiological data in future pediatric studies.
A simplified protocol for molecular sexing in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)

ABSTRACT Male and female emus are nearly identical both as chicks and as adults. Although morphological differences of the internal genital tract can be used to distinguish the sexes, a high degree of diagnostic skill is required for accurate sexing. DNA‐based sexing methods are highly accurate and can be used to diagnose sex without requiring a high degree of technical skill. However, conventional PCR‐RFLP is time consuming and costly, requiring the digestion of PCR products. In this study, we simplified the protocol for sexing the emu by using multiplex PCR without restriction enzyme treatment. Multiplex PCR based on a W‐specific primer, with the commonly designed primer set on both Z and W chromosomes, amplified both 197‐bp and 272‐bp bands in the female, and only the 272‐bp band in the male. Sexing results obtained in this way were completely concordant with results obtained using the conventional PCR‐RFLP method. Thus, we succeeded in simplifying the protocol for sexing the emu, and suggest that our protocol improves production efficiency by facilitating rapid pairing and selection of individuals to establish high‐quality pedigrees.
Representation Learning over Dynamic Graphs

How can we effectively encode evolving information over dynamic graphs into low-dimensional representations? In this paper, we propose DyRep, an inductive deep representation learning framework that learns a set of functions to efficiently produce low-dimensional node embeddings that evolves over time. The learned embeddings drive the dynamics of two key processes namely, communication and association between nodes in dynamic graphs. These processes exhibit complex nonlinear dynamics that evolve at different time scales and subsequently contribute to the update of node embeddings. We employ a time-scale dependent multivariate point process model to capture these dynamics. We devise an efficient unsupervised learning procedure and demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms representative baselines on two real-world datasets for the problem of dynamic link prediction and event time prediction.
The Burden of Low Back Pain Among Fishermen

Although fishing is of great economic importance, it has been described as a very dangerous and strenuous occupation worldwide. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and explore the coping strategies of fishermen in the Oyorokoto fishing settlement in Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty-four fishermen with an age range of 18 to 64 years and a mean age of 34.12 years (SD = 6.52) were recruited. LBP was identified in 262 (68.23%) of the participants. LBP was significantly associated with age, educational status, and body mass index (BMI; χ2 = 102.23, p < .001) but not with marital status (p = .211). Severe LBP was identified among participants who were in the age group 35 to 44 years (33.93%), married (79.46%), primary education (45.54%), and abnormal BMI (73.32%). Participants ≥55 years (6.25%), widowers (1.79%), tertiary education (3.57%), and normal BMI (27.68%) had the least LBP. LBP was least prevalent in those who had practiced fishing for a duration of ≥21 years (25.57%) as compared with other groups (χ2 = 10.49, p = .03). The number of fishing trips per week was not significantly associated with the severity of LBP. Significant difference was identified between those who used nonmotorized boats as compared with motorized types (χ2 = 12.75, p = .002). The coping strategy with the highest score was religion 7.23 (SD = 1.12). The coping strategy with the lowest score was substance abuse 3.01 (SD = 0.57). In conclusion, LBP is an important health problem among fishermen. Religion is the most common coping strategy used by the fishermen.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Chromium Reducing Bacteria from Hudiara Drain Sludge

In the past few decades, the environmental pollution of toxic heavy metals is the major issue throughout the world since industrial evolution. Heavy metals found in wastewater are harmful to the environment and their effects on biological system are very severe. Chromium is one of these heavy metals whose concentration in the environment is increasing due to different industrial processes. There are two inorganic forms, Cr (VI) and Cr (III), in which chromium exists in nature. Cr (VI) is a serious environmental pollutant. A variety of microorganisms have been known for their ability to degrade these heavy metals. The current study aimed to isolate chromium reducing microorganism from Hudiara drain sludge. Among all the species diversity in sludge two isolated species (SP1 and SP2) were selected for further analysis based on their morphological characteristics. The isolated strains were identified through biochemical characterization. The species were characterized according to criteria given in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (1984). The efficiency of two isolates for chromium reduction was also determined, which shows that SP1 show 65% reduction and SP2 show 53% reduction of chromium from the medium in 12 hours. This shows that Pseudomonas putida was efficient in reducing Cr (VI) than Pseudomonas plecoglossicida.
Video-based document tracking: unifying your physical and electronic desktops

This paper presents an approach for tracking paper documents on the desk over time and automatically linking them to the corresponding electronic documents using an overhead video camera. We demonstrate our system in the context of two scenarios, <i>paper tracking</i> and <i>photo sorting</i>. In the paper tracking scenario, the system tracks changes in the stacks of printed documents and books on the desk and builds a complete representation of the spatial structure of the desktop. When users want to find a printed document buried in the stacks, they can query the system based on appearance, keywords, or access time. The system also provides a <i>remote desktop</i> interface for directly browsing the physical desktop from a remote location. In the photo sorting scenario, users sort printed photographs into physical stacks on the desk. The systemautomatically recognizes the photographs and organizes the corresponding digital photographs into separate folders according to the physical arrangement. Our framework provides a way to unify the physical and electronic desktops without the need for a specialized physical infrastructure except for a video camera.
Robust Component-Based Localizationin Sparse Networks

Accurate localization is crucial for wireless ad-hoc and sensor networks. Among the localization schemes, component-based approaches specialize in localization performance. By grouping nodes into increasingly large rigid components, component-based localization algorithms can properly conquer network sparseness and anchor sparseness. However, such design is sensitive to measurement errors. Existing robust localization methods focus on eliminating the positioning error of a single node. Indeed, a single node has two dimensions of freedom in 2D space and only suffers from one type of transformation: translation. As a rigid 2D structure, a component suffers from three possible transformations: translation, rotation, and reflection. A high degree of freedom brings about complicated cases of error productions and difficulties on error controlling. This study is the first work addressing how to deal with ranging noises for component-based methods. By exploiting a set of robust patterns, we present an Error-TOlerant Component-based algorithm (ETOC) that not only inherits the high-performance characteristic of component-based methods, but also achieves robustness of the result. We evaluate ETOC through a real-world sensor network consisting of 120 TelosB motes as well as extensive large-scale simulations. Experiment results show that, comparing with the-state-of-the-art designs, ETOC can work properly in sparse networks and provide more accurate localization results.
Aspect-Driven Mixed-Precision Tuning Targeting GPUs

Writing mixed-precision kernels allows to achieve higher throughput together with outputs whose precision remain within given limits. The recent introduction of native half-precision arithmetic capabilities in several GPUs, such as NVIDIA P100 and AMD Vega 10, contributes to make precision-tuning even more relevant as of late. However, it is not trivial to manually find which variables are to be represented as half-precision instead of single- or double-precision. Although the use of half-precision arithmetic can speed up kernel execution considerably, it can also result in providing non-usable kernel outputs, whenever the wrong variables are declared using the half-precision data-type. In this paper we present an automatic approach for precision tuning. Given an OpenCL kernel with a set of inputs declared by a user (i.e., the person responsible for programming and/or tuning the kernel), our approach is capable of deriving the mixed-precision versions of the kernel that are better improve upon the original with respect to a given metric (e.g., time-to-solution, energy-to-solution). We allow the user to declare and/or select a metric to measure and to filter solutions based on the quality of the output. We implement a proof-of-concept of our approach using an aspect-oriented programming language called LARA. It is capable of generating mixed-precision kernels that result in considerably higher performance when compared with the original single-precision floating-point versions, while generating outputs that can be acceptable in some scenarios.
Has Their Son Been Vaccinated? Beliefs About Other Parents Matter for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine

The goal of this study was to determine if parents’ beliefs about social norms of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for sons were associated with knowledge of HPV, intention to vaccinate sons, or beliefs about side effects. A cross-sectional, survey-based study of parents with sons was performed in 2010. Fisher’s exact tests were used to examine associations between demographics and responses about social norms. Multivariate logistic regression models examined beliefs about social norms of male HPV vaccination and primary outcomes. Few parents agreed that others were vaccinating sons (n = 31/267, 12%), including 1% responding strongly agree and 11% responding agree. Most parents, 52%, disagreed that others were vaccinating (40% disagree, 11% strongly disagree), and 37% chose prefer not to answer regarding others’ vaccination practices. Hispanic parents and those with a high school education or less were significantly more likely to choose prefer not to answer than their respective counterparts regarding vaccination norms. In multivariate models, parents agreeing others were vaccinating sons had greater odds of having high knowledge of HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] high vs low knowledge 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13, 8.77) and increased intention to vaccinate sons (n = 243, aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.51, 12.89). Beliefs about side effects were not significantly associated with beliefs about social norms. Parents’ beliefs about others’ vaccination practices are important with regard to knowledge of HPV and intention to vaccinate sons. Studying how various public messages about HPV vaccine may influence normative beliefs could be relevant to improving vaccination coverage.
Improving Input Accuracy on Smartphones for Persons who are Affected by Tremor using Motion Sensors

Having a hand tremor often complicates interactions with touchscreens on mobile devices. Due to the uncontrollable oscillations of both hands, hitting targets can be hard, and interaction can be slow. Correcting input needs additional time and mental effort. We propose a method for automatically correcting such inputs based on motion data, gathered both with the devices' sensors and a small wearable sensor on the finger used for tapping. The development was informed by interviews with persons with tremor. Two empirical studies showed that our method, involving both smartphone and finger motion sensors without changing the user interface, allows users with tremor to select objects with up to 40 % fewer misses.
Experimental Study on Hot Metal Dephosphorizing Pretreatment and Direct Steel-making Process in Converter

The process of hot metal dephosphorizing pretreatment and direct steel-making in converter is to dephosphorize intially the hot metal in converter and then refine it with less slag in the same vessel after deslagging. Excellent results of average 91 % dephosphorizing rate, 86.3 phosphor distribution rate and 0.0054 % phosphor content in steel after tapping are achieved duning the experiments of 20 heats in the No.2 Steel-making Plant of WISCO.
A Synthesis of 20 Years of Research on Sexual Risk Taking Among Asian/Pacific Islander Men Who Have Sex With Men in Western Countries

Over the past two decades, there has emerged a body of literature documenting a number of risk factors associated with Asian/Pacific Islander men who have sex with men’s unsafe sexual behaviors. This study aims to systematically review existing empirical studies and synthesize research results into a social–ecological framework using a mixed research synthesis. Empirical research articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1990 and June 2013 were identified in six databases, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Social Work Abstract, CINAL, and Web of Knowledge. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were included. Two analysts independently reviewed the articles, and findings were organized on a social–ecological framework. Twenty-two articles were included in the analysis; among these 13 were quantitative, 8 were qualitative, and 1 was mixed-methods research. Results indicated that demographic characteristics, psychological resources, behavioral patterns, relationships with family and friends, dynamics with romantic or sexual partners, community involvement, culture, discrimination, and institutional factors were related to unprotected anal intercourse. This article presents a critique of this literature and discusses implications for future research with this population. It concludes with prevention/intervention initiatives based on review findings.
Prospective, randomized, comparative study of delineation capability of radial scanning and curved linear array endoscopic ultrasound for the pancreaticobiliary region

Background and study aims: There are two types of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) endoscope, the radial scanning (RS) and the curved linear array (CL). The type of EUS endoscope used at a first intent depends on local expertise, local habits and sometimes on how the examination is reimbursed. In Japan, RS is mainly used for observation, whereas CL is primarily used for histopathological diagnosis and treatment. We compared the imaging capabilities of RS and CL in evaluating the pancreaticobiliary region, a study which has not been performed previously. Patients and methods: This prospective and randomized trial included 200 patients undergoing endoscopic ultrasonography of the pancreaticobiliary region by RS (n = 99) or CL (n = 101). The primary end point was the basal imaging capability of each technique. Eleven pancreaticobiliary areas were assessed and scored (range, 0 – 2). Endoscopists evaluated each criterion, and a transcriber recorded the decisions in real time. Results: The mean imaging scores in the RS and CL groups were 18.39 and 19.62, respectively (significantly higher in CL, 95 %CI: 0.82 – 1.64). Although no significant difference in imaging capability for the pancreatic head, body, or tail was observed between CL and RS, the imaging capability of CL for the pancreatic head – body transition region was superior to that of RS. Although no significant difference in imaging capability for the middle and inferior bile duct or the cystic duct was observed between CL and RS, the imaging capability of RS for the major duodenal papilla and gallbladder was superior to that of CL. For the area from the hepatic portal region to the superior bile duct, the imaging capability of CL was superior. In the delineation of the branch area of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, CL was also superior to RS. Conclusions: The non-inferiority of the overall imaging capability of CL to that of RS was demonstrated. CL was superior in the delineation of the pancreatic head – body transition region, the area from the hepatic portal region to the superior bile duct, and the vascular bifurcation, whereas RS was superior in the delineation of the major duodenal papilla and gallbladder. Thus, for detailed evaluations of specific areas, the choice of scope should probably be considered.