Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of excretory-secretory products of Brugia malayi, adult filarial parasites.

Although E-S antigens may be particularly important for both the pathogenesis and immunodiagnosis of helminth infections, little is known about the immunochemistry or functional roles in human filarial infections. In the present paper, we have done some initial identification and characterization of E-S products of adult Brugia malayi by employing a combination of sensitive biochemical and immunochemical techniques. E-S products, collected by incubating B. malayi adults in vitro in a defined protein-free medium, were radiolabeled with 125I. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and autoradiography of labeled E-S products revealed 11 protein bands in the m.w. range of 10,000 to 70,000. Comparison of radiolabeled E-S products and adult somatic antigen (B.m.A) in SDS-PAGE indicated many common bands, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis and competitive Staph-A RIA confirmed the presence of most E-S antigens in B.m.A. Of the 11 E-S bands, two appeared to be derived from the surface of the adult worms and microfilariae as shown by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography of lodogen surface-labeled parasites; the presence of two host proteins in E-S was detected by crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. The E-S antigens were highly immunogenic when tested both with rabbit antiserum raised against B.m. A and with a serum pool of patients with natural filarial infection.
CE TEST QUESTIONS

Instructions: & Read the article on page 162. & Take the test, recording your answers in the test answers section (Section B) of the CE enrollment form. Each question has only one correct answer. & Complete registration information (Section A) and course evaluation (Section C). & Mail completed test with registration fee to: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, CE Group, 333 7th Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10001. & Within 4-6 weeks after your CE enrollment form is received, you will be notified of your test results. & If you pass, you will receive a certificate of earned contact hours and answer key. If you fail, you have the option of taking the test again at no additional cost. & A passing score for this test is 14 correct answers. & Need CE STAT? Visit www.nursingcenter. com for immediate results, other CE activities and your personalized CE planner tool. & No Internet access? Call 1-800-787-8985 for other rush service options. & Questions? Contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 1-800-787-8985.
Transfer Scheduling Schemes for Data-Intensive, Interactive Applications

This paper proposes a transfer scheduling scheme for data-intensive interactive applications, and new performance metrics that can quantify the usability of these applications. The scheme, called allowable data first (ADF), prioritizes those data whose transfer time will be within a certain period; it is evaluated using the performance metrics that are derived from observations of psychology: the allowable probability and the mean estimated time. The evaluation results show that ADF can achieve high allowable probability and small mean estimated time, and thus is an appropriate scheme for those applications.
Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP): Concepts, Architectures, and Solutions from a Geomatics Engineering Perspective

It is recognized that 80% of data have a spatial component (ex. street address, place name, geographic coordinates, map coordinates). Having the possibilities to display data on maps, to compare maps of different phenomena or epochs, and to combine maps with tables and statistical charts allows one to get more insights into spatial datasets. Furthermore, performing fast spatio-temporal analysis, interactively exploring the data by drilling on maps similarly to drilling on tables and charts, and easily synchronizing such operations among these views is nowadays required by more and more users. This can be done by combining Geographical Information Systems (GIS) with On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP), paving the way to " SOLAP " (Spatial OLAP). The present chapter focuses on the spatial characteristics of SOLAP from a geomatics engineering point of view: concepts, architectures, tools and remaining challenges.
Older people receiving family‐based support in the community: a survey of quality of life among users of ‘Shared Lives’ in England

Abstract Shared Lives (adult placement) is a model of community‐based support where an adult who needs support and/or accommodation moves into or regularly visits the home of an approved Shared Lives carer, after they have been matched for compatibility. It is an established but small service which has been used mainly by people with learning disabilities but which has the potential to offer an alternative to traditional services for some older people. However, there is little research on the outcomes for older users of Shared Lives. This paper presents findings from a survey of 150 older people using Shared Lives support across 10 Shared Lives schemes in England, which took place between June 2013 and January 2014. The aim was to identify outcomes for older users of Shared Lives and compare these to outcomes for older users of other social care services. In the absence of an ideal study design involving randomised allocation, statistical matching was used to generate a comparison group from the Adult Social Care Survey from 2011/12, with 121 cases matched to 121 Shared Lives cases. The main outcome measures were Social Care‐Related Quality of Life (measured by the ASCOT) and overall quality of life. Findings indicated that Shared Lives can deliver good outcomes for older people, particularly for overall quality of life. In comparison to the matched group of older people using other forms of support, there was some evidence that Shared Lives may deliver better outcomes in some aspects of quality of life. Limitations to the research mean, however, that more work is needed to fully understand the role Shared Lives could play in supporting older people.
Type inference in systems of recursive types with subtyping

We present general methods for performing type inference and deciding subtyping in languages with recursive types. Our type inference algorithm generalizes a common idea of previous work: type inference is reduced to a constraint satisfaction problem, whose satisfiability can be decided by a process of closure and consistency checking. We prove a general correctness theorem for this style of type inference. We define subtyping co-inductively, and we prove by co-induction that a closed and consistent constraint set has a solution. Our theorem makes it easier to find new type inference algorithms. For example, we provide definitions of closure and consistency for recursive types with a greatest type, but not a least type; we show that the definitions satisfy the conditions of our theorem; and the theorem immediately provides a type inference algorithm, thereby solving an open problem.
Discovering and using implicit data for information retrieval

In real-world information retrieval (IR) tasks, the searched items and/or the users' queries often have implicit information associated with them—information that describes unspecified aspects of the items or queries. For example, in web search tasks, web pages are often pointed to by hyperlinks (known as anchors) from other pages, and thus have human-generated succinct descriptions of their content (anchor text) associated with them. This indirectly available information has been shown to improve search effectiveness for different retrieval tasks. However, in many real-world IR challenges this information is sparse in the data; i.e., it is incomplete or missing in a large portion of the data. In this work, we explore how to discover and use implicit information in large amounts of data in the context of IR. We present a general perspective for discovering implicit information and demonstrate how to use the discovered data in four specific IR challenges: (1) finding relevant records in semi-structured databases where many records contain incomplete or empty fields; (2) searching web pages that have little or no associated anchor text; (3) using click-through records in web query logs to help search pages that have no or very few clicks; and (4) discovering plausible geographic locations for web queries that contain no explicit geographic information. The intuition behind our approach is that data similar in some aspects are often similar in other aspects. Thus we can (a) use the observed information of queries/documents to find similar queries/documents, and then (b) utilize those similar queries/documents to reconstruct plausible implicit information for the original queries/documents. We develop language modeling based techniques to effectively use content similarity among data for our work. Using the four different search tasks on large-scale noisy datasets, we empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We further discuss the advantages and weaknesses of two complementary approaches within our general perspective of handling implicit information for retrieval purpose. Taken together, we describe a general perspective that uses contextual similarity among data to discover implicit information for IR challenges. Using this general perspective, we formally present two language modeling based information discovery approaches. We empirically evaluate our approaches using different IR challenges. Our research shows that supporting information discovery tailored to different search tasks can enhance IR systems' search performance and improve users' search experience.
The necessity to correct hedge fund returns: empirical evidence and correction method

We study two principal mechanisms suggested in the literature to correct the serial correlation in hedge fund returns and the impact of this correction on financial characteristics of their returns as well as on their risk level and on their performances. The methods of Geltner (1993), its extension by Okunev & White (2003) and that of Getmansky, Lo & Makarov (2004) are applied on a sample of 54 hedge fund indexes. The results show that the unsmoothing leaves the mean unchanged but increases significantly the risk level of hedge funds, whether the risk is measured in terms of the return standard-deviation or the modified VaR. Funds' absolute performances, measured by traditional Sharpe ratio and Omega index, decline considerably. By contrast, funds' rankings after the unsmoothing unexpectedly change slightly. However, some notable modifications in ranks of several funds are observed. The necessary transparency of the management practice requires that such a correction must be systematically done.
Reimagining Social Movements: From Collectives to Individuals

Contents: Introduction: subjectivity and collective action, Antimo Luigi Farro and Henri Lustiger-Thaler. Part I Subjectivity, Memory, and Collective Action: A new era for collective movements: the subjectivization of collective action, Antimo Luigi Farro Occupying human values: memory and the future of collective action, Henri Lustiger-Thaler The emergence of the migrant subject, Yvon Le Bot Grassroots mobilizations for sustainable consumption, Paola Rebughini Social movement in Japan: split mentalities and memory, Daishiro Nomiya Emotions, memory, and new cultural movements in Turkey, Deniz Gunce Demirhisar Memory and sociology: subjectivization a de-subjectivization, Michel Wieviorka. Part II Contentious Cultures: Violence and the Egyptian Revolution, Farhad Khosrokhavar Citizens' movement in South Korea and reflexive modernization, Han Sang-Jin Social movement activism in South Africa: ebbs and flows, 2000-2010, Marcelle C. Dawson and Virginia Setsmedi Beyond institutionalization: urban movements in Rome, Massimo Allulli and Ernesto d'Albergo Brazilian social movements in the Latin American context, Maria da Gloria Gohn Market, legitimacy, and the politics of risk: the candlelight protest in South Korea, Chang Dukjin and Shin Jin-Wook Civil society, democratization, and globalization in Latin America, Ilan Bizberg Religion and land takeovers in Mexico: collective miracle discourses and the building of community, Marie Christine Doran Taking everything back: CasaPound, a far Right movement in Italy, Daniele di Nunzio and Emanuele Toscano Group formation, riots, and immigrants: social movements in Britain, Daniele Joly. Afterword: Globalization and the war of gods, Alain Touraine Index.
Adaptive generalized prediction for lifting schemes

The lifting scheme is a useful tool to create different types of wavelet decompositions, including adaptive and nonlinear. Generalized lifting is more flexible and can improve lifting results, but the design of generalized prediction and update steps remains difficult for a given application. A design strategy to optimize the prediction step according to the image statistics is established. The criterion aims to minimize the detail signal coefficients energy, The scheme is used for lossless compression of several classes of images without any book-keeping or side information requirements. Promising results are reported for certain classes of images.
Finding and Reproducing Heisenbugs in Concurrent Programs

Concurrency is pervasive in large systems. Unexpected interference among threads often results in "Heisenbugs" that are extremely difficult to reproduce and eliminate. We have implemented a tool called CHESS for finding and reproducing such bugs. When attached to a program, CHESS takes control of thread scheduling and uses efficient search techniques to drive the program through possible thread interleavings. This systematic exploration of program behavior enables CHESS to quickly uncover bugs that might otherwise have remained hidden for a long time. For each bug, CHESS consistently reproduces an erroneous execution manifesting the bug, thereby making it significantly easier to debug the problem. CHESS scales to large concurrent programs and has found numerous bugs in existing systems that had been tested extensively prior to being tested by CHESS. CHESS has been integrated into the test frameworks of many code bases inside Microsoft and is used by testers on a daily basis.
On the Education of GIS Algorithm Design

To teach the design of algorithms in an algorithmic GIS course, it is suggested to complement lectures with a particular type of project. How such a project can be set up is discussed, as well as a number of interesting results from the projects themselves. The projects address relative position of two regions, island group labeling, non-contiguous area cartograms, urban street network generalization, and diagram placement in administrative regions. The suggested approach of algorithm design is generally useful in research, not only for educational projects.
On the Russian Option: The Expected Waiting Time

In the context of the Russian option of L: Shepp and A: N: Shiryaev, we present a new derivation of the solution for the underlying one-dimensional optimal stopping problem. Our method is not based on the smooth pasting guess and Itô formula, but only uses the strong Markov property. In addition, the exact formula is given for the expected waiting time of the optimal stopping strategy. Two different methods for this computation are presented. Both methods can be easily generalized to treat similar problems for general one-dimensional time-homogeneous diffusions.
Sin in the City: Chicago and Revivalism, 1880-1920

Long before today's culture wars, the "Third Great Awakening" rocked America. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, evangelists such as Dwight L. Moody and Billy Sunday roused citizens to renounce sin as it manifested in popular culture, moral ambiguity, and the changing role of women. "Sin in the City" examines three urban revivals in turn-of-the-century Chicago to show how sermons and street activism negotiated that era's perceived racial, sexual, and class threats. While most studies of this movement have focused on its male leaders and their interactions with society, Thekla Ellen Joiner raises new questions about gender and race by exploring Third Awakening revivalism as the ritualized performance of an evangelical social system defined by middle-class Protestant moral aspirations for urban America. Rather than approaching these events merely as the achievements of persuasive men, she views them as choreographed collective rituals reinforcing a moral order defined by ideals of femininity, masculinity, and racial purity. Joiner reveals how revivalist rhetoric and ritual shifted from sentimentalist identification of sin with males to a more hard-nosed focus on females, castigating "loose women" whose economic and sexual independence defied revivalist ideals and its civic culture. She focuses on Dwight L. Moody's 1893 World's Fair revival, the 1910 Chapman-Alexander campaign, and the 1918 Billy Sunday revival, comparing the locations, organization, messages, and leaders of these three events to depict the shift from masculinized to feminized sin. She identifies the central role women played in the Third Awakening as the revivalists promoted feminine virtue as the corrective to America's urban decline. She also shows that even as its definition of sin became more feminized, Billy Sunday's revivalism began to conform to Chicago's emerging color line. Enraged by rapid social change in cities like Chicago, these preachers spurred Protestant evangelicals to formulate a gendered and racialized moral regime for urban America. Yet, as Joiner shows, even as revivalists demonized new forms of entertainment they used many of the modern cultural practices popularized in theaters and nickelodeons to boost the success of their mass conversions. "Sin in the City" shows that the legacy of the Third Awakening lives on today in the religious right's socio-political activism; crusade for family values; disparagement of feminism; and promotion of spirituality in middle-class, racial, and cultural terms. Providing cultural and gender analysis too often lacking in the study of American religious history, it offers a new model for understanding the development of a gendered theology and set of religious practices that influenced Protestantism in a period of enormous social change.
Object-oriented design: a responsibility-driven approach

Object-oriented programming languages support encapsulation, thereby improving the ability of software to be reused, refined, tested, maintained, and extended. The full benefit of this support can only be realized if encapsulation is maximized during the design process. We argue that design practices which take a data-driven approach fail to maximize encapsulation because they focus too quickly on the implementation of objects. We propose an alternative object-oriented design method which takes a responsibility-driven approach. We show how such an approach can increase the encapsulation by deferring implementation issues until a later stage.
Activation of thiamin diphosphate in enzymes 1 BIOCHIMICA

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Irredundant sequential machines via optimal logic synthesis

It is shown that optimal sequential logic synthesis can produce irredundant, fully testable finite-state machines. Synthesizing a sequential circuit from a state-transition-graph description involves the steps of state minimization, state assignment, and logic optimization. It is also shown that 100% testability can be ensured without the addition of extra logic and without constraints on the state assignment and logic optimization. There is no area/performance penalty associated with this approach. This technique can be used in conjunction with previous approaches to ensure that the synthesized machine is easily testable. Given a state-transition-graph specification, a logic-level automation that is fully testable for all single stuck-at faults in the combinational logic without access to the memory elements can be synthesized. These procedures represent an alternative to a scan-design methodology, without the latter's usual area and performance penalty. <<ETX>>
Hypocretin/Orexin Innervation and Excitation of Identified Septohippocampal Cholinergic Neurons

Hypothalamic fibers containing the wake-promoting peptides, hypocretins (Hcrts) or orexins, provide a dense innervation to the medial septum–diagonal band of Broca (MSDB), a sleep-associated brain region that has been suggested to show intense axonal degeneration in canine narcoleptics. The MSDB, via its cholinergic and GABAergic projections to the hippocampus, controls the hippocampal theta rhythm and associated learning and memory functions. Neurons of the MSDB express very high levels of the Hcrt receptor 2, which is mutated in canine narcoleptics. In the present study, we investigated the electrophysiological effects of Hcrt peptides on septohippocampal cholinergic neurons that were identified in living brain slices of the MSDB using a selective fluorescent marker. Hcrt activation of septohippocampal cholinergic neurons was reversible, reproducible, and concentration dependent and mediated via a direct postsynaptic mechanism. Both Hcrt1 and Hcrt2 activated septohippocampal cholinergic neurons with similar EC50 values. The Hcrt effect was dependent on external Na+, reduced by external Ba2+, and also reduced in recordings with CsCl-containing electrodes, suggesting a dual underlying ionic mechanism that involved inhibition of a K+ current, presumably an inward rectifier, and a Na+-dependent component. The Na+ component was dependent on internal Ca2+, blocked by replacing external Na+ with Li+, and also blocked by bath-applied Ni2+ and KB-R7943, suggesting involvement of the Na+–Ca2+ exchanger. Using double-immunolabeling studies at light and ultrastructural levels, we also provide definitive evidence for a hypocretin innervation of cholinergic neurons. Thus Hcrt effects within the septum should increase hippocampal acetylcholine release and thereby promote hippocampal arousal.