Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the Strong Rainbow Connection of a Graph

A path in an edge-colored graph, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if no two edges of it are colored the same. For any two vertices u and v of G, a rainbow ui v geodesic in G is a rainbow ui v path of length d(u; v), where d(u; v) is the distance between u and v. The graph G is strongly rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow ui v geodesic for any two vertices u and v in G. The strong rainbow connection number of G, denoted by src(G), is the minimum number of colors that are needed in order to make G strongly rainbow connected. In this paper, we first give a sharp upper bound for src(G) in terms of the number of edge-disjoint triangles in a graph G, and give a necessary and sufficient condition for the equality. We next investigate the graphs with large strong rainbow connection numbers. Chartrand et al. obtained that src(G) = m if and only if G is a tree, we will show that src(G) 6 mi 1, and characterize the graphs G with src(G) = mi 2 where m is the number of edges of G.
Effect of nitrilotriacetic acid on the growth and metabolism of estuarine phytoplankton.

The use of chelating agents as build ers in detergent formulations is con tinually increasing. From the stand points of the manufacturer and the user, these compounds have certain advantages over the more extensively used polymer phosphate builders. Che lating agents are incorporated into de tergents to stabilize minor detergent ingredients such as oxygen-containing bleaches, sanitizing agents, and optical brighteners; to stabilize foam, and in liquid soap products and shampoos, to maintain clarity. The most familiar of the amino poly carboxylic acid chelators is ethylenedi aminetetraacetic acid (BDTA). Less familiar, but becoming increasingly well known, is nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). Because of the inherently less expensive raw materials from which NTA is manufactured, its po tential cost when produced in signifi cant quantity will probably be lower than that of EDTA. Therefore, NTA will probably be the chelator of choice for incorporation into detergent for mulations. In relation to the manufacturer of soap and detergents, the most impor tant function of a chelating agent is the formation in aqueous solution of strong, soluble complexes with poly valent cations to eliminate the harmful effects of metallic impurities. Prom
The plant G box promoter sequence activates transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is bound in vitro by a yeast activity similar to GBF, the plant G box binding factor.

G box and I box sequences of the Arabidopsis thaliana ribulose‐bisphosphate‐1,5‐carboxylase small subunit (RBCS) promoter are required for expression mediated by the Arabidopsis rbcS‐1A promoter in transgenic tobacco plants and are bound in vitro by factors from plant nuclear extracts termed GBF and GA‐1, respectively. We show here that a ‐390 to ‐60 rbcS‐1A promoter fragment containing the G box and two I boxes activates transcription from a truncated iso‐1‐cytochrome c (CYC1) gene promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutagenesis of either the rbcS‐1A G box or both I box sequences eliminated the expression mediated by this fragment. When polymerized, I box oligonucleotides were also capable of enhancing expression from the truncated CYC1 promoter. Single‐copy G box sequences from the Arabidopsis rbcS‐1A, Arabidopsis Adh and tomato rbcS‐3A promoters were more potent activators and were used in mobility shift assays to identify a DNA binding activity in yeast functionally similar to GBF. In methylation interference experiments, the binding specificity of the yeast protein was indistinguishable from that obtained with plant nuclear extracts.
Consumer adoption of mobile advertising: An empirical investigation among China users

Mobile advertising offer great opportunities for enterprises. Understanding user adoption of mobile advertising become important in explaining mobile advertising growing at an exponential rate in these years. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors possibly affecting user adoption of mobile adervertising. This paper proposed a model for analyzing mobile advertising adoption of Chinese users. The analysis is based on a consumer survey. This paper tests the proposed model through a questionnaire survey involving 298 mobile phone users in China. The results indicate consumer attitude is mainly affected by Perceived usefulness and Perceived ease of use. It is also found that Perceived usefulness, subjective norm and consumer attitude are vital for consumer adoption. The findings provide useful suggestions and implications for academics and businesses.
Technology Research on Metal Powder Select Laser Sintering Based on Near Infrared Laser Diode

Near infrared laser diode (LD) energy source technology was researched because some defects were existed in the existing select laser sintering (SLS) system using gas lasers. The LD beam characteristics, the collimating and expanding technologies were analyzed and calculated. And then, the scanning mode was researched based on the LD energy source. The laser firstly scans inside and outside contour and then scans filling area. Smaller laser focal spot is used in scanning contour and bigger laser focal spot is used in scanning filling area. In order to get the same sintering depth, the power of LD needs to convert between scanning contour and scanning filling area. Experimental results show that the product precision is improved by using the scanning mode and near infrared LD in the same prototyping efficiency. Keywords-near infrared LD; SLS; scanning mode; focal spot; power conversion
A glutamine residue in the membrane-associating domain of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E5 oncoprotein mediates its binding to a transmembrane component of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase

The 44-amino-acid E5 oncoprotein is the major transforming protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1. It is a highly hydrophobic polypeptide which dimerizes and localizes to the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Recent evidence suggests that E5 modulates the phosphorylation and internalization of the epidermal growth factor and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptors and constitutively activates platelet-derived growth factor receptors in C127 and FR3T3 cells. Although no direct interaction with these growth factor receptors has yet been identified, the E5 oncoprotein has been shown recently to interact with the hydrophobic 16-kDa component of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (16K protein) [D. J. Goldstein, M. E. Finbow, T. Andresson, P. McLean, K. Smith, V. Bubb, and R. Schlegel, Nature (London) 352:347-349, 1991]. In the current study, we have further analyzed the E5-16K protein complex by fast protein liquid chromatography and shown that each E5 dimer appears to bind two 16K proteins. In order to define the specific amino acid residues of E5 which participate in this binding, mutated E5 epitope fusion proteins were analyzed for their ability to coprecipitate 16K protein. Transformation-defective mutants containing amino acid substitutions within the short hydrophilic carboxyl-terminal domain retained the ability to associate with the 16K protein. However, E5 mutants lacking the glutamine residue in the hydrophobic domain were markedly inhibited in 16K protein binding. Most interestingly, the placement of a glutamine in several random hydrophobic sequences facilitated 16K protein binding, defining this residue as a potential binding site for the 16K protein component of the proton pump and exemplifying the critical role of hydrophilic amino acids for mediating specific interactions between transmembrane proteins.
Variables controlling the expression level of exogenous genes in Dictyostelium.

Ectopic expression of genes from recombinant plasmids is commonly used to study gene function. In Dictyostelium, three drug resistance cassettes are commonly used as selectable markers in vectors. We report here a comparative study of the expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene from vectors containing each of the drug-resistant cassettes. The expression was highest in cells transformed with the vectors containing the neomycin-resistant cassette (pDNeoGFP), followed by the hygromycin-resistant cassette (pDHygGFP) and the blasticidin-resistant cassette (pDBsrGFP). The level of GFP expression was directly related to the copy number of the vector in transformants. In turn, the copy number of the vector depended on the drug resistance cassette as well as the concentration of the drug used in selection. In general, cells with higher copy numbers could be selected by a higher drug concentration. The expression of GFP was also affected by the method of transformation. For pDHygGFP, expression of GFP was much higher in cells transformed by electroporation than those transformed by calcium phosphate coprecipitation. However, only a slight difference was observed for pDNeoGFP or pDBsrGFP.
Statins Use and Risk for Brain Metastasis From Lung Cancer

Laboratory data suggest an association between statins and risk of brain metastasis (BM) in patients diagnosed with lung cancer. Our retrospective cohort included 252 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and 55 (22%) patients subsequently developed BM. The risk of BM was significantly higher in younger patients (p < .0007). The multivariable Cox model did not show a significant association between statin use and BM from lung cancer (Hazard-Ratio (HR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–2.13). Future studies should focus on late stage NSCLC and examine the incidence of BM among statin users at the time of death.
Swarming robots-foraging behavior of simple multirobot system

Research of multirobot systems is active in these days. The most remarkable characteristic of multirobot system is that the robots work cooperatively and achieve the task which a single robot cannot do. This characteristic is important and it is essential to investigate an effect of number of robots in the system. There are some tasks which art! suitable for multirobot system and we chose foraging task. A robot used in this paper has a simple interaction method with a light signal. In this paper, we discuss their behavior in a field that has one feeding point at first. Their behavior is analyzed by a robot simulation and a mathematical model. Next, we discuss a performance of the system in a clockface arranged foraging field, in which some localized foods are located equidistant from the home. Here, we report the group shows an ordered behavior depending on the number of robots and the strength of the interaction.
Performance of Different TCP Variants in IEEE 802.11 WLAN and the TCP-WOW Algorithm

There have been a number of TCP variants proposed in the literature to combat random packet losses in wireless networks. In this paper we first perform a simulation study on the performance of these TCP variants in the context of IEEE 802.11 WLAN with various channel conditions, generated using different wireless error models and show that none of the existing TCP variants has superior performance over the conventional TCP in such WLANs. We also observe that in IEEE 802.11 WLAN efficiency problem with TCP protocols only exists when the number of active wieless nodes is small and the channel condition is extremely bad. We further demonstrate that employing the delayed ACK mechanism and SACK option at the TCP receiver can generally improve the performance. With the option to modify the TCP implementation at the receivers we further propose TCP-WOW algorithm, which estimates the flow queue size on the forward path and further uses such estimates as quantitative indication of the congestion level to dynamically guide the congestion response. TCP-WOW is robust to reverse traffic interactions. TCP-WOW also shows a better RTT fairness and consistently good performance in our IEEE 802.11 WLAN simulations.
Principal Components Instrumental Variable Estimation

Instrumental variable estimators can be severely biased in finite samples when the degree of overidentification is high or when the instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous regressors. This paper proposes an estimator based on the use of the principal components of the instruments as a means of dealing with these issues. By promoting parsimony, the proposed estimator can exhibit considerably lower bias, often without giving up asymptotic efficiency. To make the estimator operational, a simple but flexible rule to select the relevant components for estimation is suggested. Simulation evidence shows that this approach yields significant finite sample improvements over other instrumental variable estimators.
Auto-configuration of OSPFv3 routing in fixed IPv6 networks

Today's Network Management highly depends on manual configuration of networking devices. On one hand, this leads to a high number of configuration related errors in the network, which must be compensated with additional OPEX (operational expenditure) effort. On the other hand, Network Management is not able to cope with the growing size of networks and the variety of devices due to manual configuration. This paper applies concepts from the area of Autonomic Network Management in order to develop components and algorithms for the auto-configuration of OSPFv3 routing in IPv6 based fixed network environments. A reference model for autonomic networks is applied for the design of the components. The developed key functionalities include: the automated computation and dissemination of OSPFv3 protocol configurations, topology discovery, automated partitioning of the network into OSPF areas, and in-band/in-network configuration and management of OSPFv3 routing. The proposed concepts are evaluated based on a prototype implementation and on measurements of its performance in the testbed of a large scale European project.
Reduction of the mesoscopic conductance-fluctuation amplitude in GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions due to spin-orbit scattering.

We have studied weak localization and conductance fluctuations in 2D mesoscopic GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunctions for T=60 mK to 7 K. The weak-localization data show that the spin-orbit scattering rate exceeds the phase-breaking rate below ∼2 K. At the same time, the conductance-fluctuation amplitude is reduced significantly below ∼2 K, as compared to that extrapolated from the high-temperature region. Our data agree well with calculations for the effect of spin-orbit scattering on the conductance-fluctuation amplitude. A related effect on the magnetic correlation field is also discussed
Phenotypic detection of the cfiA metallo-&bgr;-lactamase in Bacteroides fragilis with the meropenem–EDTA double-ended Etest and the ROSCO KPC/MBL Confirm Kit

Objectives To investigate the performance of the meropenem and imipenem double-ended Etest ± EDTA and the tablet-based (meropenem and meropenem + dipicolinic acid) KPC/MBL Confirm Kit to detect cfiA metallo-&bgr;-lactamase (MBL) in Bacteroides fragilis. Methods Well-characterized B. fragilis isolates, most from previously published studies, harbouring the cfiA gene and covering a wide range of meropenem MICs were included (n = 21). Results The imipenem double-ended Etest showed an indeterminate result in 95% of the included isolates with the cfiA gene (20 of 21), whereas the meropenem double-ended Etest gave an MIC ratio ≥8 (positive test) with all the isolates. All isolates that were meropenem intermediate or resistant had a zone diameter difference ≥6 mm with the KPC/MBL Confirm Kit. Conclusions The meropenem double-ended Etest and not imipenem should be preferred for phenotypic detection of MBLs in B. fragilis. The KPC/MBL Confirm Kit could be an alternative with isolates that are meropenem intermediate or resistant (MIC >2 mg/L).
Measurement of skeletal muscle motion in vivo with phase‐contrast MR imaging

The ability to measure skeletal muscle motion with phase‐contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was tested with a motion phantom that simulated muscle activity. Quantitative analytic data on unidimensional, bidirectional skeletal muscle motion measured in vivo was obtained in four healthy volunteers. MR images of the subjectss' forearms were obtained during flexion and extension of the fingers and of the anterior and posterior muscle compartments of the lower leg with various resistances to ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. It was necessary to correct the data for the effects of eddy currents. In vitro evaluation of the technique was done by studying through‐plane sinusoidal motion of solid objects. The largest error was underestimation of the peak excursion of 11.5 mm by 0.09 mm (the root mean square error for the cycle was 0.04 mm) In vivo experiments demonstrated the contraction of muscles in relation to each other. Data acquisition and analysis techniques must be refined, but measuring skeletal muscle motion with phase‐contrast MR imaging should enhance the understanding of bioengineering fundamentals and muscular changes in disease and adaptation.
FLOW CONTROL BY PERIODIC EXCITATIONS

The periodic excitation can be used to delay boundary layer separation, and, by doing so, enhance the lift coef cient and reduce the drag of a wing. This project seeks studying the transient response of this system when applied to a diffuser, by periodic excitation with zero net mass ux. This project is fundamentally experimental. A small wind tunnel was made, with a diffuser in the end, and the synthetic jet excitations, generated by a sub-woofer, were applied parallel to the ow, at the joint of the diffuser. The disturbed velocity pro les, result of the interaction of the main ow and the excitations, were measured by hot-wire anemometry, connected to a data acquisition system of high frequencies.
Biochemical Microarrays for Studying Chemical Biology Interaction: DiscoveryDotTM Technology

DiscoveryDotTM is a novel solution‐phase technology for chemical compound microarrays which has been validated for several targets (e.g. serine proteases, cysteine proteases, metalloproteinases, histone deacetylases, phosphatases and various kinases) of significance for drug discovery. The historical context of microarrays and the advantages of the DiscoveryDotTM technology are highlighted. The success of this chemical microarray technology will provide unprecedented possibility and capability for parallel functional analysis of hundreds of thousands of chemical compounds.
Assessment Procedures Used in Studies on Long-Stay Patients

Summary Every article published in the British Journal of Psychiatry between 1945 and 1974 was reviewed that provided original information derived from the direct assessment of long-stay patients. The 225 articles were examined for details of assessment practice and characteristics of the patients studied. Most studies used a very restricted range of assessment methods, with rating scales, used most frequently. Many used wholly unstandardized methods, and the description of patient characteristics was inadequate. A number of improvements in assessment practice are suggested.
matrix metalloproteinase-9 in the Ventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid Correlated with the Prognosis of traumatic Brain ınjury

AIm: Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) has been shown to be a potential biomarker for outcome prediction after neuron damage. This study investigated whether MMP-9 could be used for outcome prediction after traumatic brain injury (TBI). mATERIAL and mETHods: For the TBI group, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at different days after surgery from 6 head injury patients who had received surgical intervention with external ventricular drainage insertion. CSF collected from non-TBI patients (N=85) diagnosed with isolated hydrocephalus by a ventricular puncture during a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery was used as control. REsuLTs: The mean concentration of MMP-9 in the CSF of 85 non-TBI patients was determined to be 1.172±0.859 ng/mL. We found that the CSF MMP-9 concentration from TBI patients was elevated immediately after head injury with a median of 1.926 ng/mL (range, 0.673 to 24.990). Despite an early increase in the concentration of MMP-9, levels decreased within 72 hrs and nearly reached the normal range. Nevertheless, the concentration of MMP-9 was negatively correlated with the Glasgow Coma Scale (γ = 0.337, p = 0.013). CoNCLusIoN: MMP-9 concentration in the CSF of TBI patients correlated with neurological outcome and may represent an early indicator for the prognosis of this condition. KEywoRds: Cerebrospinal fluid, Biomarker, Matrix metalloproteinase-9, Traumatic brain injury, Glasgow Coma Scale
Early Results from SPARO: Instrument Characterization and Polarimetry of NGC 6334

The Submillimeter Polarimeter for Antarctic Remote Observations (SPARO) employs two nine‐element arrays of 3He‐cooled bolometers to measure linear polarization at λ = 450 μm. It is operated at the focal plane of the Viper telescope, located at the Amundsen‐Scott South Pole Station. SPARO obtains better sensitivity to degree‐scale polarized submillimeter emission than can be currently achieved with any other experiment. We describe the design of SPARO’s optics, detectors, and electronics. We also review the design of the SPARO cryostat, which has already been discussed in a previous paper. We discuss the performance of SPARO and Viper during observations at the South Pole in 2000, and we present polarimetric observations of NGC 6334 made with SPARO. Finally, we compare these observations with submillimeter polarimetric observations of the same source made at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, and we discuss the implications of these three data sets for the magnetic field in NGC 6334.
Charge separation and minority carrier injection in P3HT-silicon heterojunction solar cells

In this work we investigate the behavior of carrier absorption and minority carrier injection in heterojunction solar cells fabricated by spin-coating the organic semiconductor poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) on n-type crystalline silicon. Using this structure we recently demonstrated a device with open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.59 V and short-circuit currents (ISC) of 22 mA/cm2 at AM 1.5 conditions [1–2]. In this paper we show, using capacitance-voltage characteristics, that there is a large depletion region in silicon which is responsible for the separation of photogenerated carriers. Furthermore, by measuring minority carrier storage times, we show that the dominant forward-bias dark-current component in these devices is the injection of minority carriers from the anode, through P3HT, in to silicon. This confirms that P3HT functions as a p-type heterojunction contact to silicon that blocks electrons but not holes, explaining the high VOC we observe.