Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metonymy in Language About Organizations: A Corpus-Based Study of Company Names

In this paper, I examine the use of metonymies in people's talk about organizations. Drawing upon a corpus of natural talk extracted from the British National Corpus (BNC) I identify recurring categories of metonymies that appear to be a central part of people's talk about organizations. These categories of metonymies involve substitutions where an organization stands in for its members, its products, its facilities, its stock or shares or a company-related event. I also found that metonymies in each of these categories are used as basic metonymic expressions that are only partially connected to metaphorical expressions and interpretations of organizations. Where those connections exist, the use of metonymies follows a metaphor-from-metonymy linguistic pattern (where a metaphorical meaning arises from the use of a metonymy) rather than a metonymy-within-metaphor pattern (where a metonymy is part of a metaphorical expression). I elaborate on the implications of these findings for our understanding of how organizations are discursively constructed and understood through metonymic language.
Modelling the Economic Impact of International Tourism on the Chinese Economy: A CGE Analysis of the Beijing 2008 Olympics

International inbound tourism to China has grown phenomenally since 1980 and the hosting of the Olympics in 2008 was an important milestone. This paper takes the first step in applying computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling to forecasting the economic contribution of tourism generated by the Beijing Olympics. CGE modelling has been widely applied to different tourism issues in many countries. In China, it has been used in fields such as taxation and international trade. However, economic impact studies on China's tourism using CGE modelling have not been found. The paper includes two types of estimations: ex ante and ex post. The ex ante estimation was conducted before the Beijing Olympics and thus predicted the impact of international tourism based on historical data, such as previous literature and historical statistics. The ex post estimation was conducted several months after the Beijing Olympics and the estimation was based on up-to-date statistics published by the China National Tourism Administration. The economic impact generated from the two types of estimations is compared. It was found that, while the economic impact of international tourism was predicted to be positive in the ex ante estimation, this impact was analysed as negative in the ex post estimation.
Prolonged Toll‐like receptor stimulation leads to down‐regulation of IRAK‐4 protein

Interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase (IRAK)‐4 is a key mediator in the Toll‐like receptor (TLR) signaling. We found that stimulation of TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9, but not TLR3, caused a decrease in IRAK‐4 protein without affecting its mRNA level in a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264. The decrease in IRAK‐4 was accompanied by the appearance of a smaller molecular weight protein (32 kD), which was recognized by an anti‐IRAK‐4 antibody raised against the C‐terminal region. The decrease in IRAK‐4 and the appearance of the 32‐kD protein occurred with slower kinetics than the activation of IRAK‐1 and were suppressed by inhibitors of the proteasome, inducible inhibitor of κBα phosphorylation or protein synthesis, but not by caspase inhibitors. These results indicate that prolonged stimulation of TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 causes a down‐regulation of IRAK‐4 protein, which may be mediated through cleavage of IRAK‐4 by a protease induced by the activation of nuclear factor‐κB.
Functional Performance Following an Ice Bag Application to the Hamstrings

Fischer, J, Van Lunen, BL, Branch, JD, and Pirone, JL. Functional performance following an ice bag application to the hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 23(1): 44-50, 2009-This study examined the immediate and short-term (20 minute) effects of 3- and 10-minute ice bag applications to the hamstrings on functional performance as measured by the cocontraction test, shuttle run, and single-leg vertical jump. Forty-two (25 women, 17 men) recreational or collegiate athletes who were free of injury in the lower extremity 6 months before testing and who did not suffer from allergy to cryotherapy were included. Time to completion was measured in seconds for the cocontraction and the shuttle run test. Single-leg vertical jump was measured on the Vertec (Sports Imports, Columbus, Ohio) in centimeters. The 10-minute ice bag application reduced immediate postapplication vertical jump performance and increased immediate post and 20-minute post shuttle run time (p ≤ 0.05). A decrease in cocontraction time was observed at 20 minutes post compared with preapplication during the control condition in which no ice bag was applied. Power and functional performance are affected by short-term cryotherapy application. Power and functional performance was impaired immediately and 20 minutes after 10-minute ice bag application to the hamstrings, whereas a shorter duration of ice application had no effect on these tasks.
Pricing the Time and Location of a Stay at a Hotel or Apartment

This paper presents a comparative study of the price component of the physical characteristics and the location of apartments and hotels in order to compare their effect on the final price of both types of accommodation. In addition the authors carry out a comparative study of the price component of the point in time at which the stay was offered. For the price component of the actual place, substantial variability can be observed in the case of hotels, whereas little variability can be observed in the case of apartments. When seasonality is compared, slightly lower seasonality can be observed for hotels in relation to apartments throughout the period under study, and higher seasonality observed in the case of Spanish resorts (particularly the Balearic Islands) in comparison with French ones.
European Military Prospects, Economic Constraints, and the Rapid Reaction Force

Abstract : This study of European military prospects and economic constraints (EMPEC) was motivated by the long-standing concern of U.S. policymakers with moving toward a better balance with our European allies in providing military capabilities, as well as in the sharing of responsibilities, decisionmaking, and costs of our alliance relationship. This concern is largely shared by our NATO allies, who also nurture-with varying degrees of intensity-the additional aim of enhancing the autonomous military capabilities of the European Union (EU) apart from the NATO alliance, while at the same time moving toward a better balance within the alliance itself. The principal focus of the EMPEC project is the Union's European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) and the ESDP's instrument, the Rapid Reaction Force (RRF), with secondary attention to the Defense Capability Initiative (DCI) within NATO and the relationship be- tween the ESDP and the DCI. The DCI is a separate set of commitments by the members of NATO to upgrade their individual and collective capabilities and thereby enhance their capacity for bearing a larger share of the burden of and responsibility for NATO operations, together with U.S. forces. While these issues have many important political, diplomatic, and legal aspects, the narrower focus of this study is on defense economics. Specifically, this report addresses the prospects for economic growth, military spending, and military investments in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Italy to provide sufficient resources for enhancing the military capabilities sought by these four principal European NATO members for the ESDP/RRF in the EU, or for the DCI within NATO.
A Note: Are (Positive) Real Options Values a Contradiction in Terms?

Claiming analogy with financial option pricing the real options approach assumes that the present value of investment cash flows (or: real asset value) can be replicated by a risk-free financial portfolio; that is, this present value is considered to be equivalent to an asset value in a complete capital market. It would be perfectly legitimate to ask whether the complete market assumption, which is the fundamental base of option pricing theory, also holds for real assets. This note, however, does not investigate the arbitrary question whether the assumptions of the real options approach are adequate. It asks the more fundamental question whether non-zero real option values are consistent with the very model assumptions. We demonstrate that this is not the case. Our systematic review of model assumptions refutes the widespread opinion that so called real options can be valued independent of subjective risk preferences. Consequently we have to conclude that, though computed real asset values may reflect flexibility, they never represent option values in line with option pricing theory.
IT enablement of supply chains: modeling the enablers

Some enablers support the information technology (IT) enablement of supply chains. The aim of this paper is to understand mutual influences of these enablers and also to identify those enablers which support other enablers (“driving enablers”) and those which are most influenced by others (“dependent enablers”). A questionnaire‐based survey has been conducted to rank these enablers. The results of the survey and the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) methodology have been used to evolve mutual relationships among these enablers. It is observed that two enablers, namely “awareness about use of IT in supply chains” and “trust among supply chain partners”, have high driving power and therefore deserve serious attention. The study concludes with a discussion and managerial implications.
Cardiac Troponins: Bench to Bedside Interpretation in Cardiac Disease

Abstract:Cardiac troponins are the preferred biomarkers for the determination of acute myocardial necrosis. The high sensitivity of the available assays has significantly increased the detection of microscopic amounts of myocardial damage. Although compelling evidence indicates that elevated cardiac troponins are markers of poor prognosis and increased mortality, irrespective of the clinical scenario, small elevations can be seen in protean conditions and may confound the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes. Emerging evidence suggests multiple different cellular mechanisms leading to cardiac troponin release, which challenge long held paradigms such as equivalency between troponin release into the circulation and irreversible cell death. Hence, knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of these cardiac biomarkers is essential for their accurate interpretation and consequent correct clinical diagnosis. Herein, the current relevant information about cardiac troponins is discussed, with special emphasis on pathophysiology and clinical correlates.
US Elasticities of Substitution and Factor-Augmentation at the Industry Level

We provide industry-level estimates of the elasticity of substitution (? ) between capital and labor in the US economy. We also estimate rates of factor-augmentation. Aggregate estimates are produced using the same data. Our empirical model comes from the first-order conditions associated with a CES production function. Our data represents 35 industries at roughly the 2-digit SIC level from 1960 to 2005 and covers the entire US economy. We find that aggregate US ? is less than unity and perhaps less than 0.5. The same is likely true for the large majority of individual industries. We find no consistent and/or systematic evidence that aggregate ? is either greater or less than the value-added share-weighted average of industry ? s. Also, there is still considerable variation across the industry-level ? point estimates. Technical change in the aggregate appears to be net labor-augmenting. However, at the industry-level there is little evidence that the type of technical change is uniform across industries. For many individual industries, technical change may be characterized by net capital-augmentation.
Serotonergic Regulation of Somatosensory Cortical Development: Lessons from Genetic Mouse Models

Monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems appear early during embryogenesis, suggesting that they could play important roles in brain development. Accumulated evidence indicates that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) regulates neural as well as nonneural development, including early aspects of embryonic development, differentiation of neuronal progenitors, and morphogenesis of the craniofacial region, heart and limb. Recent studies using monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), 5-HT transporter, vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) and 5-HT1B receptor single, double and triple knockout mice have provided evidence that the serotonergic system plays important roles in barrel field formation in the developing somatosensory cortex. Here we review evidence from these genetic mouse models and, based on the accumulated evidence, propose a testable model for future studies of mechanisms underlying serotonergic regulation of cortical development.
The Valuation Effects of Equity Issues and the Level of Institutional Ownership: Evidence from Analysts' Earnings Forecasts

This paper investigates whether the level of institutional ownership has any effect on the market reaction to announcements of a firm-level "event", namely the issuance of equity. Previous studies that have examined the association between some proxy for firm value (either Tobin's q or a measure of accounting profitability) and ownership structure have a problem with the direction of causality. For instance, a positive association between firm value and institutional ownership can either be interpreted as evidence of monitoring by institutions or that institutions tend to invest systematically in high-value firms. If we find any relation between the announcement effects of equity issues, and therefore firm value, and institutional ownership, the direction of causality has to run from institutional ownership to firm values not the other way around.
PET/MRI for Neurologic Applications

PET and MRI provide complementary information in the study of the human brain. Simultaneous PET/MRI data acquisition allows the spatial and temporal correlation of the measured signals, creating opportunities impossible to realize using stand-alone instruments. This paper reviews the methodologic improvements and potential neurologic and psychiatric applications of this novel technology. We first present methods for improving the performance and information content of each modality by using the information provided by the other technique. On the PET side, we discuss methods that use the simultaneously acquired MRI data to improve the PET data quantification. On the MRI side, we present how improved PET quantification can be used to validate several MRI techniques. Finally, we describe promising research, translational, and clinical applications that can benefit from these advanced tools.
Transforming Consumer Health

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is intended to transform the U.S. health care system. Its success will require the transformation of consumers’ views about health and their willingness to participate in healthful behaviors. Focusing on three barriers to consumers’ engagement in healthful behaviors, the authors review the research literature and suggest opportunities for further research. Using a social marketing perspective, they suggest actions for health care providers, marketers, and policy makers to help overcome these barriers.
Patch antenna with slanted ±45° dual polarization and performance comparison with H/V diversity

Polarization diversity is well known to be an efficient technique improving the reliability of wireless communication. Moreover, it is very convenient, in terms of compactness, to have dual polarization on a single antenna instead of two separate radiators. Several dual polarized antennas have been therefore proposed by researchers, implementing this concept. In this paper a recently developed dual polarized patch antenna (DPPA) is presented, realized on a multilayer dielectric substrate and possessing a slanted ±45° dual polarization, operating around the central frequency f = 1.35 GHz. First the design, general performance parameters and polarization proprieties of the DPPA are presented. Then a novel comparative study between the chosen ±45° polarization and the horizontal-vertical (H/V) configuration is performed by means of a ray tracing-based simulation framework, in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) performance in an indoor wireless communication link using the proposed antenna.
Neuroprotection after Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia in Wlds Mutant Mice

The Wlds mouse mutant demonstrates a remarkable phenotype of delayed axonal and synaptic degeneration after nerve lesion. In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that expression of Wld protein is neuroprotective in an in vivo mouse model of global cerebral ischemia. This model is associated with selective neuronal degeneration in specific brain regions such as the caudate nucleus and CA2 hippocampal pyramidal cell layer. The extent of neuronal damage was quantified in Wlds compared to wild-type mice after an identical episode of global cerebral ischemia. The results demonstrated a significant and marked reduction in the extent of neuronal damage in Wlds as compared to wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. In the caudate nucleus, Wld expression significantly reduced the percentage of ischemic neuronal damage after global ischemia (Wlds, 27.7 ± 16.8%; wild-type mice, 58.7 ± 32.3%; P = 0.036). Similarly, in the CA2 pyramidal cell layer, there was a significant reduction of neuronal damage in the Wlds mice as compared to wild-type mice after ischemia (Wlds, 17.7 ± 23.0%; wild-type mice, 41.9 ± 28.0%; P < 0.023). Thus, these results clearly demonstrate that the Wld gene confers substantial neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia, and suggest a new role to that previously described for Wlds.
Reappraisal of risk factors for monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance

A number of epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between obesity and diabetes and the risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). However, since MGUS is an asymptomatic condition we evaluated whether these are true associations or the result of detection‐bias. We conducted a nested case–control study using a large primary‐care database. Cases were defined as those with incident diagnosis of MGUS. For every case, four eligible controls matched on age, sex, practice site, and duration of follow‐up were selected. Exposure variables included obesity and diabetes (including antidiabetic therapies) as well as other metabolic risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. The study included 2363 MGUS patients and 9193 matched controls. In the primary analysis, obesity and diabetes were associated with higher MGUS risk with an adjusted ORs of 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.29) and 1.30 (95% CI 1.13–1.50), respectively. However, after adjustment to the number of laboratory tests prior to the MGUS diagnosis, there was no association between obesity and diabetes and MGUS risk (ORs of 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.22 and 1.08, 95% CI 0.93–1.25, respectively). In an additional analysis of antidiabetic therapies and MGUS risk, there was a nonsignificant decrease in MGUS risk among diabetes patients treated with metformin alone compared to subjects without diabetes (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.56–1.05). In summary, while previously described risk factors for MGUS might be the result of detection bias, metformin should be further evaluated as a possible chemoprevention modality. Am. J. Hematol. 91:581–584, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A fully-integrated 94-GHz 32-element phased-array receiver in SiGe BiCMOS

A 94GHz phased array receiver IC in 130nm BiCMOS technology is reported. The design integrates 32 front ends with gain and phase control configurable using look-up table memory, two separate 16∶1 power combiner trees, two 94GHz to ∼10GHz (IF) down conversion mixers, an IF to baseband (BB) quadrature down conversion mixer, and a 42GHz PLL followed by a frequency doubler implementing the LO source. The IC occupies an area of 6.7mm×5.6mm and can either support a 32-element phased array or a 16-element polarimetric phased array if connected to 16 dual-polarized antennas. In on-wafer measurements at 94GHz and 25C, the design achieves maximum RF to IF array conversion gain of 39dB, maximum RF to BB array conversion gain of 69dB, 20dB of RF front-end gain programmability, NF of 6 dB, and RMS phase error <1.5° for a 5° phase step. Total power consumption varies from 3W to 4.6W from minimum to maximum RF front-end gain settings.
RBP‐to‐retinol ratio, but not total RBP, is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes

Aim: It was recently reported that serum retinol‐binding protein (RBP), also known as retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), was positively associated with systemic insulin resistance. We hypothesized that an imbalance between RBP and retinol might be the underlying cause for this association.
Building castles from sand: Unlocking CEO mythopoetical behaviour in Hewlett Packard from 1978 to 2005

How do successive CEOs use myths in an organization over time? While studies start to provide us with understanding of the discourse employed by particular organizational actors, we lack studies about the discourse used by successive strategic actors over long periods of time and the precise mechanisms of such use. To address this gap we theorise the components of mythopoetical behaviour of CEOs and apply critical discourse analysis to unpack the discursive mechanisms used by three CEOs at Hewlett Packard over a 27-year period. We offer two contributions: first, we elaborate on the concept of mythopoetical behaviour (mythopoesis) and show how it forms part of the four discursive mechanisms of authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization and mythopoesis that allow incoming CEOs to construct and legitimise their identity as strategic actors. Second, we develop the notion of mythopoetical distance to provide a method to examine how myths developed by CEOs are compared to the institutionalised myths in their firms.
Intergenerational Games with Dynamic Externalities and Climate Change Experiments

Dynamic externalities are at the core of many long-term environmental problems, from species preservation to climate change mitigation. We use laboratory experiments to compare welfare outcomes and underlying behavior in games with dynamic externalities under two distinct settings: traditionally studied games with infinitely-lived decision makers, and more realistic intergenerational games. We show that if decision makers change across generations, resolving dynamic externalities becomes more challenging for two distinct reasons. First, decision makers’ actions may be short-sighted due to their limited incentives to care about future generations’ welfare. Second, even when the incentives are perfectly aligned across generations, the increased strategic uncertainty of the intergenerational setting may lead to an increased inconsistency of own actions and beliefs about others, making own actions more myopic. Access to history and advice from previous generations may improve dynamic efficiency but may also facilitate coordination on noncooperative action paths.