Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rule-based Approach for Arabic Root Extraction: New Rules to Directly Extract Roots of Arabic Words

Extracting word roots in Arabic language is very problematic due to the specific morphological and structural changes in the language. To address this problem, several techniques have been proposed. This paper continues the problem of identifying and exploiting relationship amongst Arabic letters for Arabic root extraction begun in [1]. Eight different rules that detect the root letters according to other letters in the word have been proposed and tested, four of them benefiting from the idea of morphological substitution (MUTATION). The approach has been evaluated using the Holy Quran words. The evaluation results show a promising root extraction algorithm.
Speech enhancement using DFT and DHT with reduction of cross spectral terms

This paper considered the main limitation of spectral subtraction technique that is, the presence of musical noise in enhanced speech. One of the main reasons for this problem is an incorrect assumption of cross spectral terms involving clean spectrum and noise spectrum as equal to zero. In this paper a new speech enhancement technique based on spectral subtraction is proposed. The principle of proposed method is almost same as simple spectral subtraction with only difference that, in the proposed method the equation of enhanced speech power spectrum not only contains noisy power spectrum and noise power spectrum, as in simple spectral subtraction, but also contains the product term of noisy spectrum and noise spectrum. In proposed method cross spectral terms are estimated using equation contains product of noisy spectrum and noise spectrum. Another objective of this paper is to implement proposed algorithm in such a way that the proposed algorithm execution time should be less and consume less memory. To achieve this, the proposed method is implemented using Fast Hartley Transform (FHT). To evaluate performance of proposed method objective quality measure and subjective listening test are done. Results from these methods show the improvement in performance of proposed method than simple spectral subtraction technique.
A Case of Long-Term Seronegative Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: The Importance of the Humoral Response to HIV

Background. Seronegative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are exceedingly rare but might inform HIV-host physiology. Methods. We investigate the cause and consequences of a patient infected with HIV who did not mount a humoral response to HIV for 4 years. Results. The patient was confirmed HIV-uninfected by nucleic acid testing 4 months before rapidly progressing to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The patient's humoral deficit was specific to HIV: he mounted robust humoral responses to all challenge vaccines including influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and all T cell-dependent and -independent serotypes in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. The virus had similar gp120 antigenicity to HIV-positive control serum as NL4-3 and YU2 prototype strains. Two human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with rapid progression were identified (B*08 and B*35), and a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope site variant was noted: E277K. Viral decay (t1/2 ≈ 39 weeks) suggested that relatively long-lived cells were the source of ongoing viremia. Human immunodeficiency virus viremia was not suppressed until after the patient developed a humoral immune response, despite therapeutic antiretroviral levels. No resistance was detected by virtual phenotyping of virus obtained from serum or from gastrointestinal biopsies despite considerable antiretroviral selection pressure. Conclusions. Ineffective antibody production may be associated with a subgroup of extremely rapid HIV progressors. Although antiretroviral therapy may be sufficient to slow propagation of infection, it appears to be ineffective for HIV viral clearance in the absence of a humoral response.
Determination of the InvE Binding Site Required for Expression of IpaB of the Shigella sonnei Virulence Plasmid: Involvement of a ParB BoxA-Like Sequence

ABSTRACT The InvE protein positively regulates the expression of virulence genes ipaBCD in Shigella sonnei. The InvE has significant homology with ParB of plasmid P1, which is known as a plasmid partitioning factor with DNA binding ability. Although the DNA binding activity of InvE has been predicted, it is not known whether the DNA binding activity is necessary for type III secretion system-associated gene expression. In this study, we determined the transcription start site of the icsB-ipaBCD operon (ipa operon) and constructed a series of deletions of the icsB promoter region in the Escherichia coli K-12 background. The deletion study revealed that an 86-bp region upstream of the icsB transcription start site was essential for expression of the ipa operon, where the ParB binding motif (ParB BoxA-like sequence) was observed. Purified glutathione S-transferase-InvE fusion protein bound directly to the −93 to −54 region (designating the icsB transcription start site as nucleotide +1) containing the ParB BoxA-like sequence. These results indicated that InvE bound directly to the promoter region.
INTEGRATED EVALUATION OF DESIGN TASK ASSIGNMENT AND MANUFACTURING OPERATION DISTRIBUTION IN A MULTI-PLANT COLLABORATIVE SYSTEM

In a multi-plant collaborative design and manufacturing system, the different parts of a product can be assigned to different design teams and designed at different plants. In addition, the parts of a product can be distributed and manufactured at different plants located at different geographical locations. There exist various ways for assigning the different parts to the different design teams and distributing the different parts to the available plants. If different ways are used for assigning and distributing the parts to the multi-plants, the cost for the product will be different. Moreover, if the parts are designed by different design teams, the total time for completing the design and the final functional performance of the product can also be different. In this research, assignment of design tasks and distribution of manufacturing operations are combined in an integrated evaluation model. The cost factors in a collaborative design and manufacturing system are identified and defined. The design related costs include design operational cost and design communication cost. The manufacturing related costs include manufacturing operational cost, setup cost, transportation cost, machining cost, assembly cost, and labor cost. The main constraints are set by the final total completion time and the final product performance of a product design case. A mathematical model is formulated to assign the design tasks and distribute the manufacturing operations with an objective of minimizing the total design and manufacturing cost. Implementation and test results of example products are presented.
The Method of Text Categorization on Imbalanced Datasets

In practical applications, datasets are usually imbalanced, but traditional approaches usually lead a low recognition rate. To address this problem, in this paper, over-sampling of the minority class has been proposed to increase the number of minority class, so as to achieve balance, thereby enhancing recognition rate of minority class. The experiments show that this approach achieved satisfactory results.
Security Policy Alignment: A Formal Approach

Security policy alignment concerns the matching of security policies specified at different levels in socio-technical systems, and delegated to different agents, technical and human. For example, the policy that sales data should not leave an organization is refined into policies on door locks, firewalls and employee behavior, and this refinement should be correct with respect to the original policy. Although alignment of security policies in socio-technical systems has been discussed in the literature, especially in relation to business goals, there has been no formal treatment of this topic so far in terms of consistency and completeness of policies. Wherever formal approaches are used in policy alignment, these are applied to well-defined technical access control scenarios instead. Therefore, we aim at formalizing security policy alignment for complex socio-technical systems in this paper, and our formalization is based on predicates over sequences of actions. We discuss how this formalization provides the foundations for existing and future methods for finding security weaknesses induced by misalignment of policies in socio-technical systems.
X-ray absorption in distant type II QSOs ,

Aims. We present the results of the X-ray spectral analysis of an XMM-Newton-selected type II QSO sample with z≥ 0.5 and 0.510 keV flux of 0.3− 33× 10 −14 erg/s/cm 2 . The distribution of absorbing column densities in type II QSOs is investigated and the dependence of absorption on X-ray luminosity and redshift is studied. Methods. We inspected 51 spectroscopically classified type II QSO can didates from the XMM-Newton Marano field survey, the XMM-Newton-2dF wide angle survey (XWAS), and the AXIS survey to set-up a well-defined sample with secure optical type II identifications. Fourteen type II QSOs were classified and an X-ra y spectral analysis performed. Since most of our sources have only∼40 X-ray counts (PN-detector), we carefully studied the fit res ults of the simulated X-ray spectra as a function of fit statis tic and binning method. We determined that fitting the spectra with the Cash- statistic and a binning of minimum one count per bin recovers the input values of the simulated X-ray spectra best. Above 100 PN counts, the free fits of the spectrum’s slope and absorbing hydrog en column density are reliable. Results. We find only moderate absorption ( NH = (2− 10)× 10 22 cm −2 ) and no obvious trends with redshift and intrinsic X-ray luminosity. In a few cases a Compton-thick absorber cannot be excluded. Two type II objects with no X-ray absorption were discovered. We find no evidence for an intrinsic separation between type I I AGN and high X-ray luminosity type II QSO in terms of absorption. The stacked X-ray spectrum of our 14 type II QSOs shows no iron Kα line. In contrast, the stack of the 8 type II AGN reveals a very prominent iron Kα line at an energy of∼ 6.6 keV and an EW∼ 2 keV.
Export Led Growth Hypothesis Revisited: A Panel Cointegration Approach

Numerous studies in the literature have tried to test whether export growth causes economic growth or economic growth causes export growth. The statistical approach has been one of applying Granger or Sims causality tests to data drawn from an individual country. In order to increase the power of existing tests, in this paper, we pool data from 61 developing countries over 1960-99 period and employ panel unit root tests and panel cointegration technique to establish the long-run relation between exports and output. Cointegration receives support in a model in which export is the dependent variable.
Maximum power point tracking for variable-speed fixed-pitch small wind turbines

Variable-speed, fixed-pitch wind turbines are required to optimize power output performance without the aerodynamic controls. A wind turbine generator system is operated such that the optimum points of wind rotor curve and electrical generator curve coincide. In order to obtain maximum power output of a wind turbine generator system, it is necessary to drive the wind turbine at an optimal rotor speed for a particular wind speed. In fixed-pitch variablespeed wind turbines, wind-rotor performance is fixed and the restoring torque of the generator needs to be adjusted to maintain optimum rotor speed at a particular wind speed for maximum aerodynamic power output. In turbulent wind environment, control of wind turbine systems to continuously operate at the maximum power points becomes difficult due to fluctuation of wind speeds. Therefore, special emphasis is given to operating at maximum aerodynamic power points of wind rotor. In this paper, the performance of a Fuzzy Logic Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is investigated for applications on variable-speed fixed-pitch small- scale wind turbines.
On the Way of Emu Enlargement Towards Ceecs: What is the Appropriate Exchange Rate Regime?

Focusing on a very rich panel of exchange rate regimes in transition countries, this Paper asks the question of the appropriate exchange rate regime for countries aiming at joining the EU, that is, subsequently, the EMU. Four arguments plead in favour of the adoption of a fixed exchange rate regime: (i) countries sharing the same currency inside a Currency Union (CU hereafter) trade well above the average, because of lower transaction costs; (ii) emerging countries are not able to manage counter-cyclical policies; (iii) in a world of increasing financial instability, only corner solutions are feasible; (iv) last, but not least, fixing CEECs currencies could be a necessary step in a global strategy of entering the EU, that is, subsequently, the EMU. This Paper examines the first of these four arguments, that is, the fostering of trade, and provides evidence that the extra trade implied by fixing the currency is in fact close to nil, as in Padko and Wall [2000]. One corollary is that the benefit from membership into the EMU, if any, cannot be explained by the transaction cost argument only. Besides fixed effects, the explanation of the level of trade integration is to be found in the external constraint. The latter is affected by trade (positively if intra-industry trade dominates), and by monetary and fiscal policy. Increasing government spending and manipulating the exchange rate or moving towards more floating regimes might make business cycles more symmetric, relax the external constraint, and finally favour further trade integration. Given that the co-variation of East-West business cycles is already dominated by intra- industry trade, one can conclude that joining the EU, that is, two years later, the EMU, is realistic and compatible with any exchange rate regime. Empirical evidence from Transition Countries shows that the exchange rate regime is not correlated with any fundamentals – better macro-economic performance, higher growth, or deeper trade integration – and should not allow to discriminate between candidate countries for entering the EU (as for other nominal criteria).
Analyzing the Elements of the Business Model for Mobile Payment Service Provision

In this paper, we use literature review and multi case study analysis in order to identify and analyze different elements of a mobile payment business model. The result is a set of six partial models:: market model, value proposition model, implementation model, capital model, distribution and communication model, and threat model. These models allow for categorization of any given mobile payment business model and, based on this, structured comparison of different business models. Moreover, the set may also support mobile payment service providers in defining and evaluating business models.
Hemodynamic evoked response of the sensorimotor cortex measured noninvasively with near-infrared optical imaging.

We have performed a noninvasive bilateral optical imaging study of the hemodynamic evoked response to unilateral finger opposition task, finger tactile, and electrical median nerve stimulation in the human sensorimotor cortex. This optical study shows the hemoglobin-evoked response to voluntary and nonvoluntary stimuli. We performed measurements on 10 healthy volunteers using block paradigms for motor, sensory, and electrical stimulations of the right and left hands separately. We analyzed the spatial/temporal features and the amplitude of the optical signal induced by cerebral activation during these three paradigms. We consistently found an increase (decrease) in the cerebral concentration of oxy-hemoglobin (deoxy-hemoglobin) at the cortical side contralateral to the stimulated side. We observed an optical response to activation that was larger in size and amplitude during voluntary motor task compared to the other two stimulations. The ipsilateral response was consistently smaller than the contralateral response, and even reversed (i.e., a decrease in oxy-hemoglobin, and an increase in deoxy-hemoglobin) in the case of the electrical stimulation. We observed a systemic contribution to the optical signal from the increase in the heart rate increase during stimulation, and we made a first attempt to subtract it from the evoked hemoglobin signal. Our findings based on optical imaging are in agreement with results in the literature obtained with positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Suppressor of fused impedes Ci/Gli nuclear import by opposing Trn/Kap&bgr;2 in Hedgehog signaling

ABSTRACT The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins governs many key developmental processes by regulating Ci/Gli transcription factors at multiple levels including nuclear–cytoplasmic shuttling. Here, we investigate the mechanism underlying the regulation of Ci/Gli subcellular localization by identifying and characterizing a novel nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in the N-terminal conserved domain of Ci/Gli that matches the PY-NLS consensus. We demonstrate that the PY-NLS functions in parallel with a previously identified bipartite NLS to promote nuclear localization and activity of full-length Ci. We find that Transportin (Trn), the Drosophila homolog of Kap&bgr;2, is responsible for PY-NLS-mediated nuclear localization of Ci. Furthermore, we show that the tumor suppressor and conserved Hh pathway component Suppressor of fused (Sufu) opposes Trn-mediated Ci nuclear import by masking its PY-NLS. Finally, we provide evidence that Gli proteins also contain a functional PY-NLS and that mammal Sufu uses a similar mechanism to regulate nuclear translocation of Gli. Our study not only provides a mechanistic insight into how Sufu regulates Hh signaling and the subcellular localization of Ci/Gli, but also reveals a role for Trn/Kap&bgr;2 in developmental regulation.
Controlling a wheelchair using a BCI with low information transfer rate

This paper describes a control hierarchy to drive a wheelchair using an interface with asynchronous and very low information transfer rate signal. Path guiding assistance allows the user to bring his or her wheelchair in a building environment, from one destination to the next destination. The user can stop the wheelchair voluntarily during movement, or through a reflex elicited by sensors. Decisions are simplified by presenting only the possible selections on the GUI, in a context dependent menu. This system is implemented on a conventional wheelchair with a P300 Brain Machine Interface. Tests with healthy subjects show that this system can move the wheelchair in a typical building environment according to the wishes of its user, and that the brain control is not disturbed by the movement.
Coupling of left ventricular and aortic volume elasticity in the rabbit.

Changes in volume elasticity (VE) of the left ventricle and aorta could be important for blood flow. A procedure is presented to rapidly assess VE of the left ventricle and aorta by analyzing changes in the eigenfrequency. Six control rabbits and 11 rabbits with atheromatosis (12 wk of high-cholesterol feeding) were studied. In control rabbits, during the first half of the systole, left ventricular VE continuously increased to +43% (P < 0.05). Then VE gradually declined to an end-diastolic minimum (20% of the average systolic levels, P < 0.05). Aortic VE changes were in the opposite direction to the ventricle. Aortic VE continuously decreased throughout the systole; the last value was 20% lower than at the beginning of the systole (P < 0.05). Conversely, diastolic VE of the aorta took on greater values. This inverse time course between ventricle and aorta may reduce energy requirements for conveying blood. High cholesterol-fed rabbits did not reveal the inverse behavior of ventricular and aortic VE, e.g., aortic VE increased during the systole (119%, P < 0.05).
Attention based temporal filtering of sensory signals for data redundancy reduction

Since modern computational devices are required to store and process increasing amounts of data generated from various sources, efficient algorithms for identification of significant information in the data are becoming essential. Sensory recordings are one example where automatic and continuous storing and processing of large amounts of data is needed. Therefore, algorithms that can alleviate the computational load of the devices and reduce their storage requirements by removing uninformative data are important. In this work we propose a method for data reduction based on theories of human attention. The method detects temporally salient events based on the context in which they occur and retains only those sections of the input signal. The algorithm is tested as a pre-processing stage in a weakly supervised keyword learning experiment where it is shown to significantly improve the quality of the codebooks used in the pattern discovery process.
Sequential blind extraction of instantaneously mixed sources

This paper presents a general approach to sequential blind extraction of instantaneously mixed sources for several major ill-conditioned cases as well as the regular case of full column rank mixing matrices. Four ill-conditioned cases are considered: The mixing matrix is square but singular; the number of sensors is less than that of sources; the number of sensors is larger than that of sources, but the column rank of the mixing matrix is deficient; and the number of sources is unknown and the column rank of the mixing matrix is deficient. First, a solvability analysis is presented for a general case. A necessary and sufficient condition for extractability is derived. A sequential blind extraction approach is then proposed to extract all theoretically separable sources. Next, a principle and a cost function based on fourth-order cumulants are presented for blind source extraction. By minimizing the cost function under a nonsingularity constraint of the extraction matrix, all theoretically separable sources can be extracted sequentially. Finally, simulation results are presented to demonstrate the validity and performance of the blind source extraction approach.
Bayesian Input Selection for Neural Network Classiiers 1 Bayesian Input Selection for Neural Network Classiiers

In this paper we discuss the use of the Bayesian posterior probability distribution over weight space and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves in a neural network input selection algorithm. The a posteriori distribution is obtained by combining the likelihood function based on training data and a prior distribution based on expert knowledge. To numerically calculate the marginalization, Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods are used. We demonstrate the technique on the problem of ovarian cancer classi-cation. The resulting input selection is then used to train a neural network that signiicantly outperforms the Risk of Malignancy Index, a traditionally used diagnostic aid.