Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation and environmental temperature on performance, body composition, organ weights and total heat production of growing pigs.

The study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding a 16% CP diet, a 12% CP diet, or a 12% CP diet supplemented with crystalline Lys, Trp, and Thr (12% CP + AA diet) in a thermal-neutral (23 degrees C) or heat-stressed (33 degrees C) environment on various body and physiological measurements in growing pigs. Heat-stressed pigs were given a 15% lower daily feed allowance than thermal-neutral pigs to remove the confounding effect of feed intake caused by high temperature. No diet x temperature interaction was observed for any variables (P > 0.09) except for pig activity and pancreas weight. At 33 degrees C, pig activity and pancreas weight did not differ among dietary treatments (P > 0.05). In contrast, at 23 degrees C, pigs fed the 12% CP diet had greater activity than those fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP + AA diet (P < 0.05). Pancreas weight was greater for pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet than those fed the 12% CP diet (P < 0.05) when maintained at 23 degrees C. Compared with 23 degrees C, the 33 degrees C temperature decreased pig activity, heat production, daily gain, feed efficiency, and affected the concentration and accretion of empty body protein and ash, as well as weights of heart, pancreas, stomach, and large intestine (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet attained similar levels of performance and rates of empty body water, protein, lipid, and ash deposition as pigs fed the 16% CP diet (P > 0.10). Pigs fed the 12% CP + AA diet had lower serum urea plus ammonia nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01) and total heat production (P < 0.05) compared with those fed the 16% CP diet or the 12% CP diet. These results confirm that, with crystalline AA supplementation, growing pigs fed a 12% CP diet will perform similar to pigs fed a 16% CP diet. The data further indicate that lowering dietary CP and supplementing crystalline AA will decrease total heat production in growing pigs whether they are housed in a thermal-neutral or heat-stressed environment.
Breaking Bad: Two Decades of Life-Course Data Analysis in Criminology, Developmental Psychology, and Beyond

Studies of human development require longitudinal data analysis methods that describe within- and between-individual variation in developmental and behavioral trajectories. This article reviews life-course data analysis methods for modeling these trajectories, as well as their application in studies of antisocial behavior and of crime in childhood, in adolescence, and throughout life. We set the stage by introducing growth curve (hierarchical linear) models. We focus our review on finite mixture models for life-course data, known as group-based trajectory and growth mixture models. We then discuss how these models are applied within criminology and developmental psychology, recent controversies over their substantive use and interpretation, and important issues of statistical practice and the challenges they raise. Building on the critical literature, we offer several recommendations for the applied users of the models. Finally, we present the most recent method of examining behavioral trajectories in cri.
An Empirical Etudy of Non-Lexical Extensions to Delexicalized Transfer

We propose a simple cross-language parser adaptation strategy for discriminative parsers and apply it to easy-first transition-based dependency parsing (Goldberg and Elhadad, 2010). We evaluate our parsers on the Indo-European corpora in the CoNLL-X and CoNLL 2007 shared tasks. Using the remaining languages as source data we average under-fitted weights learned from each source language and apply the resulting linear classifier to the target language. Of course some source languages and some sentences in these languages are more relevant than others for the target language in question. We therefore explore improvements of our cross-language adaptation model involving source language and instance weighting, as well as unsupervised model selection. Overall our cross-language adaptation strategies provide better results than previous strategies for direct transfer, with near-linear time parsing and much faster training times than other approaches.
Calculation in Parallel Sensitivity Function Using Vector Presentation Algorithm (VPA)

This paper presents a new algorithm to solve in parallel linear equations which represent a mathematical model for a large dimension control system and calculates in parallel sensitivity function using n-1 processors where n is a number of linear equation that can be represented as TX=W, where T is a matrix of size nr× nc, X=T 1 W ,is a vector of unknowns, and ∂X/∂h=T -1 ( (∂T/∂h)X-(∂W/∂h)) is a sensitivity function with respect to variation of system components h. The algorithm (VPA) divides the mathematical input model into two partitions and uses only (n1) processors to find out the vector of unknowns for original system x= (x1,x2,…,xn) T and in parallel using (n-1) processors to find the vector of unknowns for similar system (x | ) t =-d t T -1 =
Religious “spirit” and peoples' perceptions of accountability in Hindu and Buddhist religious organizations

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine how the Buddhist and Hindu people in non-Western societies perceive rational accountability practices in religious organizations, through their respective religious “spirit” and “beliefs” and in combination with broader structural elements of the society. Design/methodology/approach - The interpretive tradition of research, i.e. ethnography based on two in-depth cases from Sri Lanka (a Buddhist temple) and Mauritius (a Hindu temple) is adopted for the data collection. The data are analysed using grounded theory methods and procedures. Findings - In non-Western Buddhist and Hindu societies where people's lives are bound by a high religious “spirit” the accountability system in the religious organisations is largely visible as an informal and social practice rather than a stakeholder-oriented rational mechanism. It is found that the rational accountability mechanisms are “sacredised” by the Buddhist and Hindu religious “spirit” and subsequently, the accountability systems and religious activities are both influenced by the “structural elements” of trust, aspirations, patronage and loyalty relations, social status, power and rivalries. The accountability practices implemented in these organisations are perceived by the people as being no more than “ceremonial rituals” aimed at strengthening the temple's righteous and prudent image to the religious society. Research limitations/implications - The paper raises the issue that accountability practices in community, grassroots-based non-profit organisations are not mere reporting of “facts” relating to economic activities and a “neutral system” giving reasons for the conduct of its leaders. Instead, they initiate new forms of accountability systems and reproduce structural conditions. Originality/value - This is one of the first field studies which examine perceptions of accountability within a Hindu and a Buddhist context, as influenced by the religious “spirit” and internal belief systems of the devotees. Previous studies have mostly focused on Judeo-Christian or Islamic denominations.
Assessing Discriminative Performance at External Validation of Clinical Prediction Models

Introduction External validation studies are essential to study the generalizability of prediction models. Recently a permutation test, focusing on discrimination as quantified by the c-statistic, was proposed to judge whether a prediction model is transportable to a new setting. We aimed to evaluate this test and compare it to previously proposed procedures to judge any changes in c-statistic from development to external validation setting. Methods We compared the use of the permutation test to the use of benchmark values of the c-statistic following from a previously proposed framework to judge transportability of a prediction model. In a simulation study we developed a prediction model with logistic regression on a development set and validated them in the validation set. We concentrated on two scenarios: 1) the case-mix was more heterogeneous and predictor effects were weaker in the validation set compared to the development set, and 2) the case-mix was less heterogeneous in the validation set and predictor effects were identical in the validation and development set. Furthermore we illustrated the methods in a case study using 15 datasets of patients suffering from traumatic brain injury. Results The permutation test indicated that the validation and development set were homogenous in scenario 1 (in almost all simulated samples) and heterogeneous in scenario 2 (in 17%-39% of simulated samples). Previously proposed benchmark values of the c-statistic and the standard deviation of the linear predictors correctly pointed at the more heterogeneous case-mix in scenario 1 and the less heterogeneous case-mix in scenario 2. Conclusion The recently proposed permutation test may provide misleading results when externally validating prediction models in the presence of case-mix differences between the development and validation population. To correctly interpret the c-statistic found at external validation it is crucial to disentangle case-mix differences from incorrect regression coefficients.
Dimensions of Recovery from Rape

To date, all research on rape recovery has focused on patterns of reduction in negative symptoms—primarily fear, anxiety, depression, and sexual dysfunction. This article reports the first systematic attempt to conceptualize and measure how women grow and change in constructive ways as a consequence of having to cope with a rape and its aftermath. Factor analysis of instruments developed for this research and completed by 113 rape victims yield six dimensions of self-concept, five dimensions of coping techniques, and three dimensions of self-ascribed change. Reliability and validity data for these factors are presented, and the results are discussed in terms of the relations among negative symptomatology, growth outcomes, and self-rating of recovery.
Clinical pathophysiology of hibernating myocardium

Our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic hibernating myocardium is mainly based on results from clinical studies, because of the absence of appropriate and validated animal models. These clinical observations have given rise to two major controversies: the role of reduced blood flow and that of histological changes in the hibernating segments. In this review, these two subjects will be briefly discussed, and put into the perspective of findings emerging from recently developed animal models.
All Quiet on the Workplace Front? A Critique of Recent Trends in British Industrial Sociology

Though perspectives underpinning research may have differed sharply, industrial sociology at its best has been able to uncover the variety of workplace resistance and misbehaviour that lies beneath the surface of the formal and consensual. The paper argues that this legacy is in danger of being lost as labour is taken out of the process and replaced by management as the active and successful agency. While there are a number of practical and theoretical forces shaping this trend, the paper identifies the growing influence of Foucauldian perspectives. It goes on to develop a critique of the way in which such theory and research overstates the extent and effectiveness of new management practices, while marginalising the potential for resistance.
Research on Characteristics of False Recognition

False recognition often happens, when subjects blend the new items with the old ones. It is now the hot point of research on memory inside and outside. The present authors investigated several main aspects of false recognition using experiments through letter and non-letter materials recognition testing, which described its characteristics from the point of definition. There were two independent variables: experimental materials and rewards. For experimental materials, we adopted within-subjects design, which included two levels of letter and non-letter. For rewards, we adopted between-subjects design, which included two levels of awarding right “old” answer and awarding right “new” answer. The results are as follows. (a) In recognition testing, false recognition is blending the new items with the old ones, and its rate is not low. Under the present experiments, false recognition occurs at large. (b) The rate of false recognition can be influenced by subjective factors (personal benefits). (c) The rate of false recognition can also be influenced by objective factors (experimental material property).
Context based emotion detection from text input

Emotion detection was normally conducted from the viewpoint of prosody and articulation features. There is still an opening question on how to extract the emotion from the text input. To solve the problem, the paper generates an emotion estimation net (ESiN), which combines the content words and emotion functional words to estimate the final emotion output. In the paper, emotion functional words are also classified into emotional keyword, modifier word and metaphor word. To make more detailed word classification, some context information was analyzed. Both experiments and cross tests show that the method could generate the good results for emotion detection from text input.
Effects of Organizational and Life Variables on Job Satisfaction and Burnout

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effect of three sets of variables, namely, organizational characteristics, task characteristics, and extraorganizational variables, on job satisfaction and burnout. A total of 266 prison guards from four prison facilities in Israel were administered questionnaires containing scales of intraorganizational conflict, ambiguity, management support, and task charac teristics, as well as measures of family role conflict, community support and appreciation of the employee's job, job satisfaction, and burnout. The results suggest that both intraorganizational variables and external variables account significantly for the two criteria. Extraorganizational support and appreciation was the single best correlate of job satisfaction, while management support was the major correlate of burnout. The results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for organizational diagnosis and intervention, and in particular the importance of dealing with extraorganizational factors in OD practice.
Dual-centric Data Center Network Architectures

Existing Data Center Network (DCN) architectures are classified into two categories: switch-centric and server-centric architectures. In switch-centric DCNs, routing intelligence is placed on switches, each server usually uses only one port of the Network Interface Card (NIC) to connect to the network. In server-centric DCNs, switches are only used as cross-bars, and routing intelligence is placed on servers, where multiple NIC ports may be used. In this paper, we formally introduce a new category of DCN architectures: the dual-centric DCN architectures, where routing intelligence can be placed on both switches and servers. We propose two typical dual-centric DCN architectures: FSquare and Rectangle, both of which are based on the folded Clos topology. FSquare is a high performance DCN architecture, in which the diameter is small and the bisection bandwidth is large, however, the DCN power consumption per server in FSquare is high. Rectangle significantly reduces the DCN power consumption per server, compared to FSquare, at the sacrifice of some performances, thus, Rectangle has a larger diameter and a smaller bisection bandwidth. By investigating FSquare and Rectangle, and by comparing them with existing architectures, we demonstrate that, these two novel dual-centric architectures enjoy the advantages of both switch-centric designs and server-centric designs, have various nice properties for practical data centers, and provide flexible choices in designing DCN architectures.
Mining soft-matching association rules

Variation and noise in database entries can prevent data mining algorithms, such as association rule mining, from discovering important regularities. In particular, textual fields can exhibit variation due to typographical errors, mispellings, abbreviations, etc. By allowing partial or "soft matching" of items based on a similarity metric such as edit-distance or cosine similarity, additional important patterns can be detected. This paper introduces an algorithm, SoftApriori that discovers soft-matching association rules given a user-supplied similarity metric for each field. Experimental results on several "noisy" datasets extracted from text demonstrate that SoftApriori discovers additional relationships that more accurately reflect regularities in the data.
Is exposure and response prevention treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder as aversive as we think?

Background: Meta-analytical studies have confirmed that exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the psychological treatment of choice for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Anecdotal evidence suggests that patients drop out of ERP because of the aversive nature of the treatment. Methods: In this study, eight individuals diagnosed with OCD described their experience of ERP treatment in one-to-one semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data analysis was used to identify common themes across participants. Results: Common themes were categorised into a) Experience of ERP, b) specific treatment factors, c) non-specific treatment factors, and d) quality of life impact. Conclusions: Several specific and non-specific variables emerged as significantly impacting on the experience of completing ERP. A number of important themes emerged that provide special areas for consideration for minimising distress to clients when treating OCD using ERP.
Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging in herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has been employed in many brain pathologies, but with few studies only and heterogeneous results in herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in comparison to DWI yields additional directional diffusion data, adding information and enabling a more differentiated description of brain pathologies. The authors addressed the question whether tissue changes as identified on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be further characterized by DTI, in particular whether different forms of edema may occur in HSVE. Six patients with HSVE confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were studied. Patients were examined with MRI including DTI in the early stage of the infection. Conventional MRI- and DTI-derived parameter maps were analyzed for signal change qualitatively and by region-of-interest (ROI) analysis of the affected brain parenchyma. All patients showed typical clinical characteristics of HSVE and lesions in the mediobasal temporal structures and insula. In two cases hemorrhagic inflammatory tissue changes were found. DTI analysis showed slightly reduced mean diffusivity (MD) and increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the earliest phase. Patients scanned at day 14 or later had lesions with increased MD and reduced FA in accordance with inflammatory vasogenic edema. This study confirms signal change consistent with the presence of inflammatory vasogenic edema in HSVE as the most prominent DTI finding. In the early stage slight reductions of MD may be found, which might be due to a specific mechanism of viral infection.
A comparison of match demands between elite and semi-elite rugby league competition

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine differences in physical performance and game-specific skills between elite and semi-elite rugby league players during match-play. Time–motion analysis was used to determine physical and game-specific skill match demands in 17 elite and 22 semi-elite rugby league players. Physical performance (time, intensity of exercise, frequency, repeated-sprint ability, and speed measures) and game-specific skill measures (ball carries, supports, ball touches, play-the-balls, and tackles) were recorded per minute of playing time. The main findings were that total intensity (elite: 108.9 ± 10.6 m · min−1; semi-elite: 102.3 ± 9.7 m · min−1), high-intensity exercise (elite: 36.7 ± 9.8 m · min−1; semi-elite: 29.6 ± 7.8 m · min−1), mean playing speed (elite: 6.6 ± 0.6 km · h−1; semi-elite: 6.2 ± 0.6 km · h−1), and support play (elite: 0.29 ± 0.16 · min−1; semi-elite: 0.15 ± 0.09 · min−1) were all higher during first-half match-play in the elite than semi-elite players (P < 0.01). The elite players experienced decrements in most physical performance measures during the second-half of match-play (P < 0.01), which was not evident in the semi-elite players (P > 0.01). There were no differences in most physical performance and game-specific skill measures for the match between the two playing standards. These results show that while the two standards of competition have similar game-specific skills and physical demands during a match, there is variation within a match according to standard. Specifically, the higher physical demands placed on elite players during the first half could result in the earlier onset of physical fatigue towards the end of a match.
Polymorphisms in the CAG repeat – a source of error in Huntington disease DNA testing

Five of 400 patients (1.3%), referred for Huntington disease DNA testing, demonstrated a single allele on CAG alone, but two alleles when the CAG+CCG repeats were measured. The PCR assay failed to detect one allele in the CAG alone assay because of single‐base silent polymorphisms in the penultimate or the last CAG repeat. The region around and within the CAG repeat sequence in the Huntington disease gene is a hot‐spot for DNA polymorphisms, which can occur in up to 1% of subjects tested for Huntington disease. These polymorphisms may interfere with amplification by PCR, and so have the potential to produce a diagnostic error.
Individual and Group Credit for Class Participation

This research study focused on the use of cooperative groups to facilitate class-wide participation, especially for initially low participants. Undergraduates from three sections of a relatively large educational psychology course recorded their class participation in all course units. Four of the five units in each section offered either individual credit or group-plus-individual credit for participation. At the end of the first unit, instructors assigned students to five- or six-member cooperative groups based on their participation levels during the first unit. At the end of each remaining unit, instructors asked one student to randomly select 2 of 4 discussion days from that unit for individual participation credit. Additionally, in 2 of the 4 credit units, the instructor also made group bonus credit available if every present member of a group participated at least once on each selected credit day. The individual-plus-group credit contingency produced greater class-wide participation than individual credit alone for the total sample across the combined sections and for initially low participants in two of the three sections.