Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The specificity of cellular immune responses in guinea pigs. III. The precision of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes

T lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivatives of mycobacteria respond to a variety of DNP conjugates. Preincubation of such cells with a given DNP conjugate under conditions which lead to the inactivation of responding cells causes a loss of the response to that conjugate, but has little effect on the response to DNP coupled to unrelated carriers. Thus, the responses of such cells to a variety of DNP conjugates can best be explained by the presence of a mixture of highly specific cells each responding to a different antigenic dterminant rather than by the presence of T cells with specificity limited to the hapten itself. Furthermore, the activity of T cells from DNP-mycobacteria-primed donors could not be blocked by a variety of nonstimulatory DNP conjugates. This suggests that while such T cells clearly recognize DNP with great precision, the receptor does not contain a very high affinity site for the hapten. A possible model for such a T-cell receptor is discussed.
Faster defect localization in nanometer technology based on defective cell diagnosis

In this paper we present practical techniques that enable diagnosis of defective library cells in a failing die. Our technique can handle large industrial designs and practical situations like compressed test patterns with multiple exercising conditions per pattern and sequence dependent defects. Being able to accurately differentiate between cell-internal and interconnect defects leads to a faster root cause failure analysis at a reduced cost. This capability was applied on an AMD graphics chip using 90 nm at TSMC. In all of the failing dies that underwent physical failure analysis, the defective library cell identified by diagnosis was verified to be correct by failure analysis. Currently this capability is successfully used to diagnose another design using TSMC's 65 nm technology.
Joint Navigation and Synchronization Using SOOP in GPS-Denied Environments: Algorithm and Empirical Study

We consider the problem of tracking a receiver using signals of opportunity (SOOP) from beacons and a reference anchor with known positions and velocities, and where all devices have asynchronous local clocks or oscillators. Based on an extended Kalman filter, we propose a sequential estimator to jointly track the receiver location, velocity, and its clock parameters using time- difference-of-arrival and frequency-difference-of-arrival measurements obtained from the SOOP samples collected by the receiver and reference anchor. Field experiments are carried out using a software defined radio testbed, and Iridium satellites as the SOOP beacons. Experiment demonstrate that our measurement model has a good fit, and our proposed estimator can successfully track both the receiver location, velocity, and the relative clock offset and skew with respect to the reference anchor with good accuracy.
Flexible Priors for Exemplar-based Clustering

Exemplar-based clustering methods have been shown to produce state-of-the-art results on a number of synthetic and real-world clustering problems. They are appealing because they offer computational benefits over latent-mean models and can handle arbitrary pairwise similarity measures between data points. However, when trying to recover underlying structure in clustering problems, tailored similarity measures are often not enough; we also desire control over the distribution of cluster sizes. Priors such as Dirichlet process priors allow the number of clusters to be unspecified while expressing priors over data partitions. To our knowledge, they have not been applied to exemplar-based models. We show how to incorporate priors, including Dirichlet process priors, into the recently introduced affinity propagation algorithm. We develop an efficient max-product belief propagation algorithm for our new model and demonstrate experimentally how the expanded range of clustering priors allows us to better recover true clusterings in situations where we have some information about the generating process.
Parenting stress among caregivers of children with chronic illness: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To critically review, analyze, and synthesize the literature on parenting stress among caregivers of children with asthma, cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, epilepsy, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and/or sickle cell disease. Method PsychInfo, MEDLINE, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched according to inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of 13 studies and qualitative analysis of 96 studies was conducted. Results Caregivers of children with chronic illness reported significantly greater general parenting stress than caregivers of healthy children (d = .40; p = ≤.0001). Qualitative analysis revealed that greater general parenting stress was associated with greater parental responsibility for treatment management and was unrelated to illness duration and severity across illness populations. Greater parenting stress was associated with poorer psychological adjustment in caregivers and children with chronic illness. Conclusion Parenting stress is an important target for future intervention. General and illness-specific measures of parenting stress should be used in future studies.
Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in Depressive Patients With and Without Anxiety Disorders

AbstractComorbidity with anxiety disorder is a relatively common occurrence in major depressive disorder. However, the unique and shared neuroanatomical characteristics of depression and anxiety disorders have not been fully identified. The aim of this study was to identify gray matter abnormalities and their clinical correlates in depressive patients with and without anxiety disorders.We applied voxel-based morphometry and region-of-interest analyses of gray matter volume (GMV) in normal controls (NC group, n = 28), depressive patients without anxiety disorder (DP group, n = 18), and depressive patients with anxiety disorder (DPA group, n = 20). The correlations between regional GMV and clinical data were analyzed.The DP group showed decreased GMV in the left insula (INS) and left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus when compared to the NC group. The DPA group showed greater GMV in the midbrain, medial prefrontal cortex, and primary motor/somatosensory cortex when compared to the NC group. Moreover, the DPA group showed greater GMV than the DP group in the frontal, INS, and temporal lobes. Most gray matter anomalies were significantly correlated with depression severity or anxiety symptoms. These correlations were categorized into 4 trend models, of which 3 trend models (ie, Models I, II, and IV) revealed the direction of the correlation between regional GMV and depression severity to be the opposite of that between regional GMV and anxiety symptoms. Importantly, the left INS showed a trend Model I, which might be critically important for distinguishing depressive patients with and without anxiety disorder.Our findings of gray matter abnormalities, their correlations with clinical data, and the trend models showing opposite direction may reflect disorder-specific symptom characteristics and help explain the neurobiological differences between depression and anxiety disorder.
The development of social and executive functions in late adolescence and early adulthood

Executive functions and social cognition develop throughout childhood into adolescence and early adulthood (Blakemore & Choudhury, 2006). These functions are associated with frontal networks showing protracted maturation into early adulthood (Lebel, Walker, Leemans, Phillips & Beaulieu, 2008). Executive function and social cognition studies have previously focused on childhood (Pennequin, Sorel & Fontaine, 2010), adolescence (Magar, Phillips & Hosie, 2010) or broad age ranges in adulthood (Dziobek et al., 2006). This thesis reports executive function, social cognition, IQ and mood state data in a sequential design with 98 participants aged 17 (Younger group), 18 (Middle group) and 19 years (Older group) at Time 1. Findings indicate non-linear development, with a trough in ability at age 18, on strategy generation and concept formation, assessed with Letter Fluency and Sorting Tests from the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (Delis, Kaplan & Kramer, 2001). There were no group differences on Time 1 social cognition task scores. Fifty eight participants were tested at Time 2 (interval between testing M = 14.81 months, SD = 4.01). Again, the Younger group scored significantly higher than the Middle group on strategy generation at Time 2 suggesting that group differences may represent sample characteristics rather than age related change. There were no group differences in concept formation at Time 2, indicating that non-linear development is specific to age 18 in the present sample. Inhibition, rule detection, strategy generation, planning and emotion recognition in dynamic stimuli showed progressively better longitudinal development. IQ, Age, Depression, Anxiety and executive function scores (rule detection, strategy generation, inhibition and planning) predicted performance on social cognition tasks assessing emotion recognition in visual static (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test; Baron-Cohen et al., 2001), auditory (Reading the Mind in the Voice Test; Golan, Baron-Cohen Hill & Rutherford, 2007), dynamic visual and auditory stimuli (Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition; Dziobek et al., 2006) and selfreport empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index; Davies, 1983). Overall, results indicate linear and non-linear development of functions in late adolescence and early adulthood. Clinical and educational implications of these findings are discussed.
Mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), applying high-frequency electrical stimulation to deep brain structures, has now provided an effective therapeutic option for treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. DBS targeting the internal segment of the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus is used to treat symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, and tremor. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of DBS remains poorly understood and is still under debate: Does DBS inhibit or excite local neuronal elements? In this short review, we would like to introduce our recent work on the physiological mechanism of DBS and propose an alternative explanation: DBS dissociates input and output signals, resulting in the disruption of abnormal information flow through the stimulation site.
Presence-absence reasoning for evolutionary phenotypes

Nearly invariably, phenotypes are reported in the scientific literature in meticulous detail, utilizing the full expressivity of natural language. Often it is particularly these detailed observations (facts) that are of interest, and thus specific to the research questions that motivated observing and reporting them. However, research aiming to synthesize or integrate phenotype data across many studies or even fields is often faced with the need to abstract from detailed observations so as to construct phenotypic concepts that are common across many datasets rather than specific to a few. Yet, observations or facts that would fall under such abstracted concepts are typically not directly asserted by the original authors, usually because they are "obvious" according to common domain knowledge, and thus asserting them would be deemed redundant by anyone with sufficient domain knowledge. For example, a phenotype describing the length of a manual digit for an organism implicitly means that the organism must have had a hand, and thus a forelimb; the presence or absence of a forelimb may have supporting data across a far wider range of taxa than the length of a particular manual digit. Here we describe how within the Phenoscape project we use a pipeline of OWL axiom generation and reasoning steps to infer taxon-specific presence/absence of anatomical entities from anatomical phenotypes. Although presence/absence is all but one, and a seemingly simple way to abstract phenotypes across data sources, it can nonetheless be powerful for linking genotype to phenotype, and it is particularly relevant for constructing synthetic morphological supermatrices for comparative analysis; in fact presence/absence is one of the prevailing character observation types in published character matrices.
DOCTRACK : AUTOMATIC PRINTED DIGITAL DOCUMENT TAGGING AND REMOTE RETRIEVAL

We present the foundations of DocTrack, a digital and paper document identification, distribution, augmentation and interaction system. Printed documents are tagged with an encoded document identifier, allowing the digital version of the document content to be remotely recalled from its paper counterpart using a webcam or mobile device with a camera. We present results regarding the available document space, discuss the relevance of this approach in the light of existing research and outline the proposed applications of the system and future work planned to enable this.
ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF COMMON LEXICA AND PROPER NAMES IN EUROPEAN PORTUGUESE

This paper presents some relevant aspects of the pronunciation of proper names and common lexica in European Portuguese. It starts by a brief description of statistical data concerning the occurrence and distribution of graphemes and phonemes for the two corpora and the distinction between di erent subclasses found in proper names, namely rst and last names, toponyms and acronyms. The central theme of this paper is the comparison of the performance of a rule-based method for letter-to-phone conversion for the two corpora with two self-learning methods, one based on a multi-layered neural network and another based on table look-up. The next section is devoted to the study of acronyms and their formation processes and the large variability found in their native pronunciation. Finally, we shall brie y describe some of the problems posed by the nativized pronunciation of foreign names.
DLSITE-2: Semantic Similarity Based on Syntactic Dependency Trees Applied to Textual Entailment

This research has been supported by the undergraduate research fellowships financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science, the project TIN2006-15265-C06-01 financed by such ministry, and the project ACOM06/90 financed by the Spanish Generalitat Valenciana.
Cell planning for heterogeneous networks: An approximation algorithm

Low-power access points, such as pico base stations (BSs), femto BSs, and relays are introduced to the next generation cellular systems to enhance coverage and improve system capacity. Deploying low-power access points to offload the conventional macro BSs is deemed as a spectrum- and cost-efficient way to meet the sharp increase of traffic requirements of cellular networks. However, it also leads to heterogeneous network framework and raises new challenges for cell planning. In this paper, we study the minimum cost cell planning problem in such a heterogeneous network. Our optimization task is to select a subset of candidate sites to lay BSs, including macro BSs, pico BSs and relays, to minimize the total deployment cost while satisfying the rate requirements of the demand nodes (DNs) served by the cellular network. We prove that the general case of the formulated problem is APX-hard, where a DN is constrained to be associated with only one BS. However, if each DN can be served by multiple BSs, which is a reasonable case for practical cellular systems, we show it is not APX-hard and develop an approximation algorithm to work out promising solutions. Our proposed algorithm guarantees an approximation ratio of O(logR) to the global optimum, where R is the maximum achievable capacity of the BSs. Numerical results indicate that our proposal can significantly reduce the deployment cost of the cellular network with given rate requirements of DNs compared to other cell planning schemes.
COCOMO : Estimating Software Project Effort and Cost

The COnstructive COst MOdel, COCOMO, was developed to estimate the effort and cost to complete a software project. All business enterprises involved in developing software must know their costs to maintain their long-term viability. COCOMO measures the size of the project is lines of code. When the size of the project is measured in function points, COCOMO uses a function points to lines of code converter. However, function points is the better metric of project size. We present a new model which uses function points as a direct input into the model. We show that the software project data can be analyzed on a programming language basis. We claim that our proposed model is superior because it eliminates the errors introduced by arbitrary function point indices and replaces them with constants that are scientifically verifiable.
Efficient design of waveforms for robust pulse amplitude modulation using mean square error criteria

The design of a pulse shaping filter which provides maximal robustness to an unknown frequency-selective channel is formulated as a convex optimization problem from which an optimal filter can be efficiently obtained. Robustness is measured by the worst-case mean square error of the data estimate over a class of deterministically bounded channels, and the optimization is subject to a constraint on the bandwidth of the filter. The design technique allows efficient exploration of design trade-offs between bandwidth, performance in an ideal channel and robustness to unknown channel distortion. It is used to design chip waveforms with superior performance to the waveform specified in a recent standard for digital mobile telephony.
Dual-Band Antennas for Frequency-Doubler-Based Wireless Strain Sensing

In this letter, two dual-band antennas operating at 2.9 and 5.8 GHz are proposed and investigated in terms of the strain dependency of their resonances. They are designed to operate as strain-sensing and communicating devices at the same time in a frequency-doubling strain sensor that is interrogated wirelessly by a reader. An integration of transmit and receive antennas into one dual-band structure offers a compact sensor solution. The antennas' resonance frequencies shift if strain is applied, which in the case of the proposed antennas can be used to characterize the strain not only in terms of amplitude, but also direction. A very small size is achieved for an optimized one-feed design, which leads to high strain sensitivity values along one axis. A novel two-feed concept is designed to ease integration with the frequency doubler and detect strain in two directions with equal sensitivity. Return loss and radiation patterns of both designs are presented. Due to the wide beamwidths of both antennas, interrogation is possible from a wide range of angles.
Primary and secondary factors in language maintenance in a medium-sized community language: Catalan in Spain

Aims and objectives: The main aim of this study is to find out which social and ideological factors determine the maintenance of Catalan language in public contexts, and particularly the relative weight each factor contributes to the choice. The question is which of the socio-demographic and ideological factors determines to a greater extent the use of Catalan. Methodology: Participants completed a survey, which consisted of a sociolinguistic questionnaire and an attitudinal test based on the matched-guise technique. Sociolinguistic inferences concerning the relationship between different factors and language use were made using statistical methods. Data: Six hundred university students from the cities of Valencia, Palma and Barcelona answered the same survey. University students are a very interesting research group, since they are going to become part of the most influential social groups. Findings: Results from the analysis support the importance of social networks in understanding language maintenance, apart from making some differences between the territories clearer: this relative importance of social networks is very high in Valencia and Palma, but not in Barcelona. Originality: This study shows the first comparison between the influence of different kinds of factors in the use of the Catalan language, as well as the comparison between the behaviour of the three major Catalan-speaking cities. Furthermore, the focus on the factors related to university students’ language use is not a much-visited field. Significance and implications: The use of Catalan seems to be naturalized in Barcelona, whereas in Palma and Valencia the use of this language is more ideologized – and minor. The coincidence in the same territory, Catalonia, of the major language use in all situations and the more incisive and inclusive language policy should point out the direction that campaigns to promote Catalan in the other two regions should take.
Power consumption of Android device using different video codecs: An analysis

Power is a critical factor for working of hand held devices. The video applications are one of the widely used functionality of hand held devices and are prime factor for deciding the usability of product. These video applications are consists of complex algorithmic operations which depend on codec used for video. Because of difference in complexity these codecs, the power consumption is also different. The work presented here analyzes the power consumption for different video codec for same video on Android device. It gives the better view of power consumption for the device running on battery as power model used for calculation computes the power consumed in mAh unit. The results show that the video codecs in descending order of their power consumption are DivX, MPEG 4, H 264, and Xvid.
Energy-efficient embedded software implementation on multiprocessor system-on-chip with multiple voltages

This paper develops energy-driven completion ratio guaranteed scheduling techniques for the implementation of embedded software on multiprocessor systems with multiple supply voltages. We leverage application's performance requirements, uncertainties in execution time, and tolerance for reasonable execution failures to scale each processor's supply voltage at run-time to reduce the multiprocessor system's total energy consumption. Specifically, we study how to trade the difference between the system's highest achievable completion ratio Qmax and the required completion ratio Q0 for energy saving. First, we propose a best-effort energy minimization algorithm (BEEM1) that achieves Qmax with the provably minimum energy consumption. We then relax its unrealistic assumption on the application's real execution time and develop algorithm BEEM2 that only requires the application's best- and worst-case execution times. Finally, we propose a hybrid offline on-line completion ratio guaranteed energy minimization algorithm (QGEM) that provides the required Q0 with further energy reduction based on the probabilistic distribution of the application's execution time. We implement the proposed algorithms and verify their energy efficiency on real-life DSP applications and the TGFF random benchmark suite. BEEM1, BEEM2, and QGEM all provide the required completion ratio with average energy reduction of 28.7, 26.4, and 35.8%, respectively.