Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demand‐driven propagation‐based strategies for testing changes

Test‐suite augmentation techniques enhance test suites for software changes. In previous work, we introduced an augmentation technique that enumerates the conditions for the propagation of the effects of changes. Empirical studies showed that this technique can test changes effectively but, because of the high complexity of the technique, the experiments were small and the propagation distances from each change were limited. In this paper, we present a new, demand‐driven approach for performing this propagation‐based testing of changes that achieves much greater distances and that enables larger and more significant studies. We implemented this new approach and studied it on a set of changes in Java programs by comparing, to a larger extent than possible before, propagation‐based strategies with other change testing techniques. Our results confirm, with statistical significance, the superiority of propagation‐based strategies over other techniques, and show that these strategies are especially effective for those changes that are the most difficult to test.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GeoSpatial Intelligence on a Graph

There is a gap when representing detailed information related to public on maps due to limitations of underlying data sources. The purpose of this research is to scan the research output on Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and relational databases, then develop an implementation by combining these two technologies GIS and graph databases in order to fill the identified research gap. The outcome of this implementation is a central Geospatial intelligence on graph which delivers benefits in the context of multiple data source integration and open sources.
Using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers to reconstruct human evolution

Molecular genetic data have greatly improved our ability to test hypotheses about human evolution. During the past decade, a large amount of nuclear and mitochondrial data have been collected from diverse human populations. Taken together, these data indicate that modern humans are a relatively young species. African populations show the largest amount of genetic diversity, and they are the most genetically divergent population. Modern human populations expanded in size first on the African continent. These findings support a recent African origin of modern humans, but this conclusion should be tempered by the possible effects of factors such as gene flow, population size differences, and natural selection. BioEssays 20:126–136, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Molecular Phylogeny of the Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)

Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) are extremely diverse with more than 23,000 species described and over 500,000 species estimated to exist. This is the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily based on a molecular analysis of 18S and 28S ribosomal gene regions for 19 families, 72 subfamilies, 343 genera and 649 species. The 56 outgroups are comprised of Ceraphronoidea and most proctotrupomorph families, including Mymarommatidae. Data alignment and the impact of ambiguous regions are explored using a secondary structure analysis and automated (MAFFT) alignments of the core and pairing regions and regions of ambiguous alignment. Both likelihood and parsimony approaches are used to analyze the data. Overall there is no impact of alignment method, and few but substantial differences between likelihood and parsimony approaches. Monophyly of Chalcidoidea and a sister group relationship between Mymaridae and the remaining Chalcidoidea is strongly supported in all analyses. Either Mymarommatoidea or Diaprioidea are the sister group of Chalcidoidea depending on the analysis. Likelihood analyses place Rotoitidae as the sister group of the remaining Chalcidoidea after Mymaridae, whereas parsimony nests them within Chalcidoidea. Some traditional family groups are supported as monophyletic (Agaonidae, Eucharitidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Leucospidae, Mymaridae, Ormyridae, Signiphoridae, Tanaostigmatidae and Trichogrammatidae). Several other families are paraphyletic (Perilampidae) or polyphyletic (Aphelinidae, Chalcididae, Eupelmidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tetracampidae and Torymidae). Evolutionary scenarios discussed for Chalcidoidea include the evolution of phytophagy, egg parasitism, sternorrhynchan parasitism, hypermetamorphic development and heteronomy.
Information preserving and locally isometric&conformal embedding via Tangent Manifold Learning

In many Data Analysis tasks, one deals with data that are presented in high-dimensional spaces. In practice original high-dimensional data are transformed into lower-dimensional representations (features) preserving certain subject-driven data properties such as distances or geodesic distances, angles, etc. Preserving as much as possible available information contained in the original high-dimensional data is also an important and desirable property of the representation. The real-world high-dimensional data typically lie on or near a certain unknown low-dimensional manifold (Data manifold) embedded in an ambient high-dimensional `observation' space, so in this article we assume this Manifold assumption to be fulfilled. An exact isometric manifold embedding in a low-dimensional space is possible in certain special cases only, so we consider the problem of constructing a `locally isometric and conformal' embedding, which preserves distances and angles between close points. We propose a new geometrically motivated locally isometric and conformal representation method, which employs Tangent Manifold Learning technique consisting in sample-based estimation of tangent spaces to the unknown Data manifold. In numerical experiments, the proposed method compares favourably with popular Manifold Learning methods in terms of isometric and conformal embedding properties as well as of accuracy of Data manifold reconstruction from the sample.
Crowdfunding Research Agenda

This paper proposes a current research agenda on crowdfunding from two different perspectives, mass media and geography. It is believed that these two elements must exert some kind of influence on the dynamics of the investments made in that market. Semantic analysis of mass news can be a useful tool for investors to assess their exposure to risk as well as help predict financial returns. Geography, on the other hand, can be used on the origin of the capital contributions and, therefore, present information on the location and regional characteristics of the investors.
Evaluating Affective Computing Environments Using Physiological Measures

Emerging technologies offer exciting new ways of using entertainment technology to create fantastic play experiences and foster interactions between players. Evaluating collaborative play technology is challenging because success isn't defined in terms of productivity and performance, but in terms of enjoyment and interaction. Current subjective methods of evaluating entertainment technology aren't sufficiently robust. Our research project aims to test the efficacy of physiological measures as evaluators of collaborative user experience with play technologies. We found evidence that there is a different physiological response in the body when playing against a computer versus playing against a friend. These physiological results are mirrored in the subjective reports provided by the participants. This research provides an initial step towards using physiological responses to objectively evaluate a user's experience with collaborative play technology.
CAN PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES REALLY EXPLAIN THE LIRA APPRECIATION: QUESTIONS FOR THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

This paper studies the Balassa-Samuelson (B-S) hypothesis between Turkey and 27 members of the European Union (EU-27). The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) in recent years has emphasized the importance of the B-S hypothesis for Turkey. Specifically, the CBRT states that structural reforms, increased confidence, and macroeconomic stability in the post 2001 era have contributed to the strengthening of the national currency through the relative price differentials between tradable versus non-tradable goods (Inflation Report II, 2006, pp: 31-34). Given this emphasis by the CBRT, we test the cointegrating relationship between the real effective exchange rate, relative productivity, real interest rate differentials and the net foreign asset, using recently developed cointegration techniques with multiple structural breaks. The findings reveal that the relative productivities play a limited role in explaining the real effective exchange rate appreciation. In particular, the relationship between the real effective exchange rate and productivity is not supported for the post 2001 era.
Drug Repurposing of the Anthelmintic Niclosamide to Treat Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia

Multidrug resistance, a major problem that leads to failure of anticancer chemotherapy, requires the development of new drugs. Repurposing of established drugs is a promising approach for overcoming this problem. An example of such drugs is niclosamide, a known anthelmintic that is now known to be cytotoxic and cytostatic against cancer cells. In this study, niclosamide showed varying activity against different cancer cell lines. It revealed better activity against hematological cancer cell lines CCRF-CEM, CEM/ADR5000, and RPMI-8226 compared to the solid tumor cell lines MDA-MB-231, A549, and HT-29. The multidrug resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells were similar sensitive as their sensitive counterpart CCRF-CEM (resistance ration: 1.24). Furthermore, niclosamide caused elevations in reactive oxygen species and glutathione (GSH) levels in leukemia cells. GSH synthetase (GS) was predicted as a target of niclosamide. Molecular docking showed that niclosamide probably binds to the ATP-binding site of GS with a binding energy of -9.40 kcal/mol. Using microscale thermophoresis, the binding affinity between niclosamide and recombinant human GS was measured (binding constant: 5.64 μM). COMPARE analyses of the NCI microarray database for 60 cell lines showed that several genes, including those involved in lipid metabolism, correlated with cellular responsiveness to niclosamide. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed five major branches with significant differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines (p = 8.66 × 105). Niclosamide significantly decreased nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activity as predicted by promoter binding motif analysis. In conclusion, niclosamide was more active against hematological malignancies compared to solid tumors. The drug was particularly active against the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells. Inhibition of GSH synthesis and NFAT signaling were identified as relevant mechanisms for the anticancer activity of niclosamide. Gene expression profiling predicted the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to niclosamide.
The Momentum Effect on Stock Markets-a Literature Review and an Empirical Study

In contrast to the traditional finance theory, stating that predictability of future stock prices and identification of continuously profitable trading strategies are impossible, an extensive body of finance literature in the 1980’s documents that stock prices are, at least somewhat, predictable based on past returns. In 1993, Jegadeesh and Titman publish the first article on medium term momentum in stock prices, documenting that, over 3 to 12 months horizons, past winners continue to outperform past losers by around 1% per month. A significant number of subsequent studies document that the momentum effect is a worldwide phenomenon, which is robust across both different types of stocks and time periods. Apart from clarifying what has already been documented on momentum strategies, the thesis tests whether the momentum effect has existed on the Danish stock market over the period from 1996 through 2009, and finds substantial evidence that it has. The momentum returns from a total of 16 examined strategies all turn out to be significantly positive with average monthly returns ranging from 0.61% to 1.55%. Consistent with previously conducted studies, strategies with long formation periods and short holding periods turn out to be the most successful. The momentum returns continue to be positive even after accounting for transaction costs, and also the momentum effect appears relatively robust across different types of stocks and sub-periods. From a presentation of possible explanations of the momentum effect, it is found that none of the three risk measures from the Three-Factor Model (i.e. beta, size, and book-to-market values) are able to account for the observed return pattern. Also explanations related to data snooping and flawed methodology seem unfounded due to the many studies documenting the momentum effect. The models from behavioural finance, using psychological biases and interaction between different investor types, thus appear to provide the best explanations for the momentum phenomenon. The behavioural models are, however, many and no single model is found to be superior. One possibility could be that all the models individually contribute to explaining the momentum effect, but that different models turn out to be superior in different markets or different types of stocks. This hypothesis, however, remains to be tested.
A Review on Hemorrhage Detection Methods for Diabetic Retinopathy Using Fundus Images

Diabetes is a disease that occurs when body does not produce adequate insulin in order to function properly. Diabetic retinopathy is a common symptom of diabetes which is one of the world's leading causes of blindness. This condition can be prevented if diagnosed and treated in early stage. The advancement in technology leads to the increasing trend of interest in the field of medical image processing. There are many techniques and algorithms that serve the purpose of hemorrhage detection using retinal images. The work extensively reviews, classifies and compares the algorithms and techniques previously proposed in order to support and provide current and future researchers with an elaborated summary of such algorithms. causing the blood vessels to grow in order to maintain adequate oxygen level. These newly grown vessels are weak and prone to leakage which decreases the vision. Ophthalmologists diagnose DR by either mere eye observation or using computerized systems with complex detection algorithms. Due to the reason that the latter provides faster detection, the automated detection of DR became area of interest among the researchers. Some of the works of these researchers grouped microaneurysm and hemorrhage into dark or red lesions, and exudates and cotton wool spots into bright lesions. This paper emphasizes on hemorrhages detection algorithms which are more complicated as compared to other types of lesions. These algorithms will be reviewed thoroughly in this paper.
Water Quality Monitoring Using Wireless Sensor Networks

Water is essential for human survival. Although approximately 71% of the world is covered in water, only 2.5% of this is fresh water; hence, fresh water is a valuable resource that must be carefully monitored and maintained. In developing countries, 80% of people are without access to potable water. Cholera is still reported in more than 50 countries. In Africa, 75% of the drinking water comes from underground sources, which makes water monitoring an issue of key concern, as water monitoring can be used to track water quality changes over time, identify existing or emerging problems, and design effective intervention programs to remedy water pollution. It is important to have detailed knowledge of potable water quality to enable proper treatment and also prevent contamination. In this article, we review methods for water quality monitoring (WQM) from traditional manual methods to more technologically advanced methods employing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for in situ WQM. In particular, we highlight recent developments in the sensor devices, data acquisition procedures, communication and network architectures, and power management schemes to maintain a long-lived operational WQM system. Finally, we discuss open issues that need to be addressed to further advance automatic WQM using WSNs.
Image Subcategory Classification Based on Dempster-Shafer Evidence Theory

Traditional image subcategory classification methods combined multiple features into a feature vector. Such methods neglect distinct roles of diverse features on discriminating image subcategories. In this paper, the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is applied to fuse different features in image subcategory classification. It considers the different contribution of each feature to image classification with limited samples. The experimental results on car subcategory classification show that our proposed method outperforms the k nearest neighbor algorithm in terms of classification accuracy.
Random graphs with a given degree sequence

Large graphs are sometimes studied through their degree sequences (power law or regular graphs). We study graphs that are uniformly chosen with a given degree sequence. Under mild conditions, it is shown that sequences of such graphs have graph limits in the sense of Lov\'{a}sz and Szegedy with identifiable limits. This allows simple determination of other features such as the number of triangles. The argument proceeds by studying a natural exponential model having the degree sequence as a sufficient statistic. The maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) of the parameters is shown to be unique and consistent with high probability. Thus $n$ parameters can be consistently estimated based on a sample of size one. A fast, provably convergent, algorithm for the MLE is derived. These ingredients combine to prove the graph limit theorem. Along the way, a continuous version of the Erd\H{o}s--Gallai characterization of degree sequences is derived.
On the potential of process simulation in software project schedule optimization

In this paper, we highlight the application potential of process simulation techniques for software cybernetics research. Software engineering has seen many fruitful applications of simulation when modeling, understanding, and improving the software development process. In particular, process simulation has proven to be a valuable and efficient tool in our own software cybernetics research, having helped us to understand how scheduling policies actually behave in our discrete-time Markov decision process model for software projects. We outline how to advance the use of process simulation in our model to a much higher level: when computing optimal scheduling policies, simulation can be applied in the optimization step of the dynamic programming algorithms in order to save computation time. This approach resembles optimization techniques from the field of reinforcement learning, providing further evidence of the potential of simulation in software cybernetics.
A MULTI-FILTER APPROACH TO ACOUSTIC ECHO CANCELLATION FOR TELECONFERENCING

We have designed and tested an acoustic echo cancellation system for speech teleconferencing. Our algorithm is based on a least-mean-square (LMS) frequency domain adaptive filter (FDAF) and uses a novel filter-update technique using many (at least 3) simultaneously running filters. We find the new multi-filter to converge faster than similar LMS FDAF’s for echo cancellation, and find it to be especially robust during double-talk conditions.
A general purpose multiple way partitioning algorithm

This pper presents a discussion of methods to solve multiple way partitioning problems under three different objective functions. A multicommodity flow treatment is proposed for partitioning without a size constraint, and an iterative improvement algorithm is proposed for partitioning with a size constlaint. This algorithm incorporates a top-down clustering technique to deal with the local minima problems in common heuristics, a novel multi-pin net model to capture the contributory moves, and a Primal-hal iteration to enhance the iterative improvement. Experiments show good results in all tested cases over the algorithm proposed in [12]. Also, the effect of different objective functions is manifested through numerical tabulation.
CERAMIDE PERMEABILIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER MEMBRANE: PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATION TO MAC AND BAX

Title of Document: CERAMIDE PERMEABILIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER MEMBRANE: PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATION TO MAC AND BAX Suzanne J. Hudak, Master of Science, 2005 Directed By: Dr. Marco Colombini, Professor, Biology and Biochemistry Departments In apoptosis, the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) becomes permeable, releasing proteins. This permeability has been attributed to the action of various factors, including mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC), Bax and ceramide channels. Amphiphilic cations that inhibited MAC and Bax-induced permeabilization were tested on ceramide-induced permeabilization of MOM of mammalian and yeast mitochondria, as well as liposomes. Both propranolol and dibucaine inhibited C2and C16-ceramide-induced permeabilization of mammalian MOM with an IC50 for C16-ceramide of 410 and 230 μM, respectively. In yeast mitochondria, propranolol and dibucaine inhibited C2-ceramide-induced permeabilization, but potentiated the effect of C16-ceramide. Similar results were obtained in liposome experiments. These results suggest that inhibition is via another factor found in mammalian cells but not the other systems. The pharmacology of ceramide membrane permeabilization is inconsistent with that of MAC but is compatible to that of Bax. CERAMIDE PERMEABILIZATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL OUTER MEMBRANE: PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND RELATION TO MAC AND BAX
Parkinson’s Disease: The support partner’s role in the person with Parkinson’s Levels of Wellness

This chapter is about the support partners’ trials as they endeavour to cope with daily life with a Parkinsonian partner. The philosophy underpinning the discussion is phenomenology, which is about being there and experiencing the journey of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Support partners grapple with everyday life, not only to support their partner with PD, and the role they play as carers, but also their need to maintain their careers to ensure financial stability. Due to the changes in the condition, both mentally and physically, of the person with PD, support partners often feel a stranger has moved into the house. A lack of facial expression, inability to speak, and the risk of falls are common, but despite this they do not seek assistance from Parkinson’s organisations, as they are “waiting until they get worse”. However, without assistance, the frightening aspects of dealing with the stranger are experienced in isolation. Health professionals need to acknowledge that PD is a long-term condition with constant fluctuations in both mental and physical capability, therefore they should always include the support partner in any assessment processes.However, they should also remain mindful of the fact that support partners experience a sense of disloyalty when talking about their partner, or when they are contradicting statements made by the person with partner in their presence