Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Generalised simulation and experimental implementation of space vector PWM technique of a three-phase voltage source inverter

Adjustable speed drive system requires variable vo ltage and frequency supply which is invariably obta ined from a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI). A number of Pulse Wi dth Modulation (PWM) schemes are used to obtain variable voltage and frequency supply from an inverter. The most widely used PWM schemes for a three-phase VSI are carrier-based sinusoidal PWM and space vector PWM (SVPWM). There is an increasing trend of using space vector PWM (SVPWM) because of their easier digital realisation and better dc bus utilis ation. However, a proper simulation model is still not available in the literature. Thus, this paper focuses on step by step developmen t of MATLAB/SIMULINK model of SVPWM followed by their experimental implementation. Firstly model of a thr ee-phase VSI is discussed based on space vector rep resentation. Next a simple and flexible simulation model of SVPWM is developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. The developed model is general in nature as it can be utilised to implement both cont inuous and discontinuous SVPWM. The novelty of the paper relies on the proposal of the flexible and general Matlab/Simulin k model of SVPWM. Experimental and simulation results are provided to validate the proposed model.
Author's Personal Copy Production, Manufacturing and Logistics a Composite Contract Based on Buy Back and Quantity Flexibility Contracts

In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: a b s t r a c t We introduce a composite (CP) contract for a two-stage supply chain by organically combining two component contracts: a buy back (BB) contract and a quantity flexibility (QF) contract. The CP contract is shown to have advantages over both component contracts in terms of supply chain coordination, profit allocation, and risk allocation. In particular, we obtain the following results: (a) as long as one of the component contracts is able to coordinate the supply chain, so is the CP contract. Moreover, when contract parameters are constrained, we find situations where the CP contract coordinates the supply chain when neither of the component contracts coordinates. (b) When contract parameters are constrained, the CP contract is more flexible in terms of profit allocation among supply chain members than the component contracts. (c) The CP contract is more flexible in terms of risk allocation than the component contracts. It's well known that double marginalization is a prevailing phenomenon in supply chain management (Spengler, 1950). For example, in a two-stage supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer, the retailer typically orders fewer products than the optimal order quantity for the integrated system, which negatively affects the supply chain performance. To resolve this problem, various contracts have been proposed to coordinate the supply chain by aligning objectives of the supply chain members. Majority of supply chain literature focuses on a few popular contracts such as buy back (e. To evaluate effectiveness of a supply chain contract, Cachon (2003) suggests three criteria: (1) Is the contract capable of coordinating the supply chain? ''A contract is said to coordinate the supply chain if the set of supply chain optimal actions is a Nash equilibrium i.e., no firm has a profitable unilateral deviation from the set of supply chain optimal actions. '' (Cachon, 2003); (2) Is the contract flexible enough to allow for any division of the supply chain's profit among supply chain members? (3) Can the contract be implemented economically and conveniently in practice? A natural question is: can we identify other supply chain contracts that have advantages over the popular contracts mentioned above based on the three criteria? …
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROACROSIN/ACROSIN SYSTEM IN HUMAN SPERMATOZOA

Entre totes les proteinases espermatiques semblants a la tripsina estudiades, l'acrosina (EC 3.4.21.10) ha estat identificada en totes les especies estudiades, i ha estat associada amb el potencial fertilitzador de l'esperma. En aquesta breu revisio, volem presentar els principals aspectes cell. ulars, moleculars i bioquimics del sistema proacrosina/acrosina definits pel nostre grup de recerca i per molts altres equips de recerca del camp de la biologia de la reproduccio. Com a resultat de tots aquests estudis, presentem el model putatiu de la interaccio del sistema proacrosina/ acrosina amb les glicoproteines de la zona pell. ucida i la demostracio de l'activacio del proenzim i la seva activitat com a proteinasa.
An exact theory of nonlinear waves on a Lagrangian-mean flow

An exact and very general Lagrangian-mean description of the back effect of oscillatory disturbances upon the mean state is given. The basic formalism applies to any problem whose governing equations are given in the usual Eulerian form, and irrespective of whether spatial, temporal, ensemble, or ‘two-timing’ averages are appropriate. The generalized Lagrangian-mean velocity cannot be defined exactly as the ‘mean following a single fluid particle’, but in cases where spatial averages are taken can easily be visualized, for instance, as the motion of the centre of mass of a tube of fluid particles which lay along the direction of averaging in a hypothetical initial state of no disturbance. The equations for the Lagrangian-mean flow are more useful than their Eulerian-mean counterparts in significant respects, for instance in explicitly representing the effect upon mean-flow evolution of wave dissipation or forcing. Applications to irrotational acoustic or water waves, and to astrogeophysical problems of waves on axisymmetric mean flows are discussed. In the latter context the equations embody generalizations of the Eliassen-Palm and Charney-Drazin theorems showing the effects on the mean flow of departures from steady, conservative waves, for arbitrary, finite-amplitude disturbances to a stratified, rotating fluid, with allowance for self-gravitation as well as for an external gravitational field. The equations show generally how the pseudomomentum (or wave ‘momentum’) enters problems of mean-flow evolution. They also indicate the extent to which the net effect of the waves on the mean flow can be described by a ‘radiation stress’, and provide a general framework for explaining the asymmetry of radiation-stress tensors along the lines proposed by Jones (1973).
A new approach to spectral peak classification

A novel approach to classification of peaks of audio spectra is presented. In extending previous work on detecting transient spectral peaks we here investigate into the classification of sinusoidal and noise peaks. The classification is based on descriptors derived from properties related to time-frequency distributions: mean time, duration, instantaneous frequency and normalized bandwidth. In contrast to existing methods, the descriptors are designed to properly deal with non-stationary sinusoids, which considerably increases the range of applications. The experimental investigation shows superior classification results compared to the standard correlation-based approach.
Out-of-plane computer-generated multicolor waveguide holography

Multicolor waveguide holography remains a challenge due to its inherent design complexity, compounded by the limited low-loss materials available in the optical range as well as challenges in nanofabrication. In this study, we first propose and experimentally demonstrate a multicolor, computer-generated hologram (CGH) in an all-dielectric waveguide metasurface system. Light beams from three different color laser sources (red, green, and blue) are coupled into the waveguide via a single-period grating without any beam splitters or prisms. A multicolor holographic image can be decoupled in the far field through a binary metasurface CGH without any lenses. This technology enables lens-free, ultraminiature augmented and virtual reality displays.
Dissecting brain tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and ex vivo

Dissecting brain tumor growth and metastasis in vitro and ex vivo Michael A. Grotzer1,2, Anuja Neve1,2, Martin Baumgartner1,2 1Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland. 2Children’s Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, August-Forel Strasse 1, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. Correspondence to: Dr. Martin Baumgartner, Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital Zürich, August-Forel Strasse 1, CH-8008 Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: Martin.Baumgartner@kispi.uzh. ch Local infiltration and distal dissemination of tumor cells hamper efficacy of current treatments against central nervous system (CNS) tumors and greatly influence mortality and therapy-induced long-term morbidity in survivors. A number of in vitro and ex vivo assay systems have been established to better understand the infiltration and metastatic processes, to search for molecules that specifically block tumor cell infiltration and metastatic dissemination and to pre-clinically evaluate their efficaciousness. These systems allow analytical testing of tumor cell viability and motile and invasive capabilities in simplified and well-controlled environments. However, the urgent need for novel anti-metastatic therapies has provided an incentive for the further development of not only classical in vitro methods but also of novel, physiologically more relevant assay systems including organotypic brain slice culture. In this review, using publicly available peer-reviewed primary research and review articles, we provide an overview of a selection of in vitro and ex vivo techniques widely used to study growth and dissemination of primary metastatic brain tumors. Furthermore, we discuss how our steadily increasing knowledge of tumor biology and the tumor microenvironment could be integrated to improve current research methods for metastatic brain tumors. We believe that such rationally improved methods will ultimately increase our understanding of the biology of brain tumors and facilitate the development of more efficacious antimetastatic treatments.
Comparative study of human papilloma virus DNA detection and results of histopathological examination of cervical colposcopic biopsy

Background: There is mounting evidence for HPV involvement in cervical cancer Human Papilloma Virus DNA is detected by hybridization techniques in 75 – 100% of patients with condylomas, precancerous cervical dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma. Objective: The aim of this study was investigating factors that may contribute to falsenegative colposcopic biopsy results in positive high-risk HPV DNA results. Material and Methods: Patients positive for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA with negative cervical histopathologic findings were examined between January 2004 and August 2006. Results: Patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC) in Papanicolaou smears, with positive HPV DNA results, but negative cervical histopathologic findings accounted for 4.5% of all ASC smears submitted for HPV DNA testing. We found 4% of the cases had focal HPV infection or mild dysplasia. When serial sectioning of the biopsy material were examined, we found that 29% had clinically significant lesions: HPV infection or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CIN 1, 18%; CIN II/III, 8%; and dysplasia, not otherwise specified (which we can not categorize into any group), 3%. Of the remaining patients, follow-up revealed squamous abnormalities in 25%. About 5% of patients with positive HPV DNA results had a negative follow-up biopsy result. "False-negative" biopsies accounted for one third of cases. Conclusion: In almost one third of cases, clinically significant lesions were found when additional levels were examined.
The development and psychometric validation of the Ethical Awareness Scale

AIM To develop and psychometrically assess the Ethical Awareness Scale using Rasch measurement principles and a Rasch item response theory model. BACKGROUND Critical care nurses must be equipped to provide good (ethical) patient care. This requires ethical awareness, which involves recognizing the ethical implications of all nursing actions. Ethical awareness is imperative in successfully addressing patient needs. Evidence suggests that the ethical import of everyday issues may often go unnoticed by nurses in practice. Assessing nurses' ethical awareness is a necessary first step in preparing nurses to identify and manage ethical issues in the highly dynamic critical care environment. DESIGN A cross-sectional design was used in two phases of instrument development. METHOD Using Rasch principles, an item bank representing nursing actions was developed (33 items). Content validity testing was performed. Eighteen items were selected for face validity testing. Two rounds of operational testing were performed with critical care nurses in Boston between February-April 2017. RESULTS A Rasch analysis suggests sufficient item invariance across samples and sufficient construct validity. The analysis further demonstrates a progression of items uniformly along a hierarchical continuum; items that match respondent ability levels; response categories that are sufficiently used; and adequate internal consistency. Mean ethical awareness scores were in the low/moderate range. CONCLUSION The results suggest the Ethical Awareness Scale is a psychometrically sound, reliable and valid measure of ethical awareness in critical care nurses.
PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF BERBERINE ON INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INJURY IN RATS

This study aims to investigate the potential protective effects of berberine on ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups as follows: the sham group, the IR group and the berberine+IR group. Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion was performed by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min, followed by 2-h reperfusion. The berberine+IR group of rats were administered 200 mg/kg of berberine once a day for 7 days before laparotomy. Compared with the IR group, rats pretreated with berberine prior to IR had significantly reduced intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and a significant reduction in Chiu’s score (p<0.05). The level of malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase in the berberine+IR group was significantly decreased compared with the IR group (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase activity in the berberine+IR group was significantly higher than in the IR group (p<0.001). Compared with the IR group, diamine oxidase was markedly decreased in the berberine+IR group (p<0.01). The level of secretory immunoglobulin A in the berberine+IR group was significantly increased when compared to the IR group (p<0.001). Our results suggest that berberine can protect from intestinal IR injury and that it can be beneficial in treating conditions associated with intestinal IR injury. DOI: 10.2298/ABS160114065C Received: January 14, 2016; Revised: February 28, 2016; Accepted: February 28, 2016; Published online: July 28, 2016 How to cite this article: Chen T, Lv B. Protective effects of berberine on intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats. Arch Biol Sci. 2017;69(1):45-51.
Statechart normalizations

Simplified statecharts are derived by excluding all redundant constructs of the UML (Unified Modeling Language) metamodel on statecharts. In previous papers we introduced this basic concept and pointed out some interesting applications. We transformed and compacted state machines into serializable objects that clearly highlight their basic constructs and showed how a lot of sparse edges were created during this transformation. Sparse edges contain little or no information (e.g. empty transitions). From this compaction we derived a theory in which state machines are reduced to two distinct partial orderings on states. For the sake of convenience to read this paper, we briefly recapture part of this theory and show the exponentially growing complexity of calculating all possible values of variables that appear on state machine edges. In order to arrive at feasible algorithms leading to practical applications of the implicity complex partial ordering relations we need to reduce this complexity by formulating and proving reductions to state machine normal forms. Apart from aligning formal and behavioral equivalence, normal forms allow us to reduce the number of sparse edges and useless states thereby limiting calculational complexity. In this paper, we extend our theory with normal forms and inject them into the theory of simplified statecharts presented in earlier work. Some statecharts are only seemingly different from others if one analyzes the different paths in those statecharts. The UML is designed to allow for this kind of (uncontrollable) flexibility but in mathematical descriptions it has adverse effects. We introduce an equivalence relation on simplified statecharts and derive a normalization procedure which converts a simplified sc to a normalized simplified sc equivalent to the original one. Our formalism allows us to unravel superficial differences between simplified statecharts.
A query execution scheduling scheme for Impala system

Impala system is an open source, analytic MPP database for Apache Hadoop. Impala system uses a query execution scheduling scheme that assigns near‐equal bytes retrieval tasks for different hosts to ensure system load balance. However, such “load balance” cannot guarantee a short response time for Impala system, when there are original loads in the system. Traditional query execution scheduling methods require either some assumptions or particular architecture, which cannot be directly used in Impala system. In this paper, we present a query execution scheduling scheme for Impala system. If the query fetches data from a single table, the scheme exploits the maximum flow algorithm. If the query fetches data from multiple tables, the scheme employs a cost‐based algorithm with heuristic pruning rules. In addition, we propose a cost model for Impala system, which considers parallel execution, communication cost, and cluster load. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by the TPC‐DS benchmark, and experimental results show that the scheme can reduce the query response time by 10%‐30%.
Toward Automatic Music Audio Summary Generation from Signal Analysis

This paper deals with the automatic generation of music audio summaries from signal analysis without the use of any other information. The strategy employed here is to consider the audio signal as a succession of “states” (at various scales) corresponding to the structure (at various scales) of a piece of music. This is, of course, only applicable to certain kinds of musical genres based on some kind of repetition. From the audio signal, we first derive dynamic features representing the time evolution of the energy content in various frequency bands. These features constitute our observations from which we derive a representation of the music in terms of “states”. Since human segmentation and grouping performs better upon subsequent hearings, this “natural” approach is followed here. The first pass of the proposed algorithm uses segmentation in order to create “templates”. The second pass uses these templates in order to propose a structure of the music using unsupervised learning methods (Kmeans and hidden Markov model). The audio summary is finally constructed by choosing a representative example of each state. Further refinements of the summary audio signal construction, uses overlapadd, and a tempo detection/ beat alignment in order to improve the audio quality of the created summary.
Flexible Fins and Fin Rays as Key Transformations in Ray-Finned Fishes

The aquatic world has been home to a remarkable diversity of fishes for at least 600 million years. Although there is certainly enormous variation in the strategies used by fishes to feed and capture prey, there is at least an equal diversity of locomotor modes and associated morphologies that fishes use to navigate the threedimensional aquatic realm. Locomotion is essential for reaching patchy prey resources, for reproduction and displaying to potential mates, for migration, for escape from predators, and for maneuvering through complex habitats. These many functional demands on fish locomotor systems have given rise to considerable variation in the shapes of fishes and their fins, as well as to a variety of movement patterns that fishes use to swim and maneuver (Lauder 2006; Webb 1975). At least some of these functional demands may conflict with one another, so that fish body shapes may be a compromise between, for example, fin and shape patterns that enhance acceleration and those that increase steady swimming performance (Webb 1975). Fish fins are highly variable in shape, and movement of fins varies considerably among different swimming behaviors within a species. Also, evolutionary trends in the functional design of fish fins have been documented since the beginnings of scientific comparative anatomy and paleontology (Agassiz 1833– 1843; Owen 1854), and a number of historical patterns of transformation in
Molecular composition of particulate matter emissions from dung and brushwood burning household cookstoves in Haryana, India

Abstract. Emissions of airborne particles from biomass burning are a significant source of black carbon (BC) and brown carbon (BrC) in rural areas of developing countries where biomass is the predominant energy source for cooking and heating. This study explores the molecular composition of organic aerosols from household cooking emissions with a focus on identifying fuel-specific compounds and BrC chromophores. Traditional meals were prepared by a local cook with dung and brushwood-fueled cookstoves in a village in Palwal district, Haryana, India. Cooking was done in a village kitchen while controlling for variables including stove type, fuel moisture, and meal. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions were collected on filters, and then analyzed via nanospray desorption electrospray ionization–high-resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI-HRMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-HRMS) techniques. The nano-DESI-HRMS analysis provided an inventory of numerous compounds present in the particle phase. Although several compounds observed in this study have been previously characterized using gas chromatography methods a majority of the species in the nano-DESI spectra were newly observed biomass burning compounds. Both the stove (chulha or angithi) and the fuel (brushwood or dung) affected the composition of organic aerosols. The geometric mean of the PM2.5 emission factor and the observed molecular complexity increased in the following order: brushwood–chulha (7.3 ± 1.8 g kg−1 dry fuel, 93 compounds), dung–chulha (21.1 ± 4.2 g kg−1 dry fuel, 212 compounds), and dung–angithi (29.8 ± 11.5 g kg−1 dry fuel, 262 compounds). The mass-normalized absorption coefficient (MACbulk) for the organic-solvent extractable material for brushwood PM2.5 was 3.7 ± 1.5 and 1.9 ± 0.8 m2 g−1 at 360 and 405 nm, respectively, which was approximately a factor of two higher than that for dung PM2.5. The HPLC-PDA-HRMS analysis showed that, regardless of fuel type, the main chromophores were CxHyOz lignin fragments. The main chromophores accounting for the higher MACbulk values of brushwood PM2.5 were C8H10O3 (tentatively assigned to syringol), nitrophenols C8H9NO4, and C10H10O3 (tentatively assigned to methoxycinnamic acid).