Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Expression Predicts Outcome of Interleukin 2 Therapy for Renal Cancer

Purpose: Renal cancer response to interleukin 2 (IL-2) therapy and patient survival has been correlated with tumor histology and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) expression. In an effort to confirm and expand these observations, we examined CAIX expression in pathology specimens from renal cancer patients who had previously received IL-2 therapy. Experimental Design: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of renal cancer were immunostained with the MN-75 monoclonal antibody to CAIX and expression levels were correlated with histologic findings and clinical outcome. Results: Tissue specimens were obtained from 66 patients; 27 of whom (41%) had responded to IL-2–based therapy. Fifty-eight specimens were assessed as clear cell, with 56, 33, and 4 having alveolar, granular, and papillary features, respectively. Twenty-four (36%), 31 (47%), and 11 (17%) were classified into good, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups according to the Upton pathology model. Forty-one specimens (62%) had high CAIX expression. Twenty-one of 27 (78%) responding patients had high CAIX expressing tumors compared with 20 of 39 (51%) nonresponders (odds ratio, 3.3; P = 0.04). Median survival was prolonged (P = 0.04) and survival >5 years was only seen in high CAIX expressers. In patients with intermediate pathologic prognosis, all nine responders had high CAIX expression versus 11 of 22 nonresponders. A resultant group with good pathologic prognosis alone or with intermediate pathologic prognosis and high CAIX contained 26 of 27 (96%) responders compared with 18 of 39 (46%) nonresponders (odds ratio, 30; P < 0.01) and exhibited longer median survival (P < 0.01). Conclusions: CAIX expression seems to be an important predictor of outcome in renal cell carcinoma patients receiving IL-2–based therapy and may enhance prognostic information obtained from pathology specimens.
Formal Verification of IEEE 802.16 Security Sublayer Using Scyther Tool

is a standard-based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. WiMAX is used for a number of applications, including "last mile" broadband connections, hotspots and cellular backhaul, and high-speed enterprise connectivity. The former IEEE 802.16 standards used the Privacy and Key Management (PKM) protocol which had many critical drawbacks. In IEEE 802.16e, a new version of this protocol called PKMv2 is released. This paper overviews IEEE 802.16e security, formally analyzes its improvements in contrast with IEEE 802.16-2004 security and potential security flaws. The formal analysis has been conducted using a specialized model checker Scyther, that provides formal proofs of the security protocols.
A Multi-Modeling Strategy based on Belief Function Theory

In this paper, a multi-modeling strategy based on belief function theory is developed. The basic idea is to consider a fuzzy rule based system with a belief structure (BS) as output. The focal elements of each rule are formed by a subset of a collection of functional models. A particular attention is paid to the topic of combining global and local fuzzy models of Takagi-Sugeno type by a specific formulation of the proposed model. Some examples are given to show the validity of the approach.
Analysis and Synthesis of Effective Human-Robot Interaction at Varying Levels in Control Hierarchy

Robot controller design is usually hierarchical with both high-level task and motion planning and low-level control law design. In the presented works, we investigate methods for low-level and high-level control designs to guarantee joint performance of human-robot interaction (HRI). In the first work, a low-level method using the switched linear quadratic regulator (SLQR), an optimal control policy based on a quadratic cost function, is used. By incorporating measures of robot performance and human workload, it can be determined when to utilize the human operator in a method that improves overall task performance while reducing operator workload. This method is demonstrated via simulation using the complex dynamics of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), showing this method can successfully overcome such scenarios while maintaining reduced workload. An extension of this work to path planning is also presented for the purposes of obstacle avoidance with simulation showing human planning successfully guiding the AUV around obstacles to reach its goals. In the high-level approach, formal methods are applied to a scenario where an operator oversees a group of mobile robots as they navigate an unknown environment. Autonomy in this scenario uses specifications written in linear temporal logic (LTL) to conduct symbolic motion planning in a guaranteed safe, though very conservative, approach. A human operator, using gathered environmental data, is able to produce a more efficient path. To aid in task decomposition and real-time switching, a dynamic human trust model is used. Simulations are given showing the successful implementation of this method.
Data mining approaches to modelling insurance risk

1 Introduction 3 2 What is data mining? 3 3 Why use data mining? 4 4 Data mining methodologies – Decision trees (CART), MARS and hybrid models 5 5 Case study – Claims streaming in Workers Compensation insurance7 6 Case study – Predicting hospital cost in health insurance 12 7 Appendix - Brief description of CART 16 8 References 18 Table 1 Misclassification tables for the learning and test data 9 Figure 1 Gains chart for the CART model 10 Figure 2 Claim Streaming Evaluation 11 Figure 3 The gains chart for overall annual hospital cost 14 Figure 4 The bar chart of averaged actual and predicted values for overall annual hospital cost 15 Figure 5 Scatter graph 16
Scaling multimode fibre IM/DD transmission capacity through spatial-spectral multiplexing

Data centre connections can greatly benefit from parallel transmission channels on one multimode fibre (MMF). Shortwave wavelength division multiplexing (SWDM) achieves parallel transmission through spectral multiplexing. Furthermore, MMFs offer a spatial dimension that should be exploited to increase parallel transmission, albeit in a cost-effective way. In this paper, it is shown that SWDM and spatial multiplexing can be combined in intensity modulation and direct detection MMF transmission systems that use selective offset excitation and mode-selective spatial filtering.
A Generic Structure of Object Classification Using Genetic Programming

In This paper a method for classification of two types of objects using genetic programming (GP) has been presented. These two objects are coins of different sizes, and different textures. The basic algorithm of genetic programming was presented and explained. The features used for training and testing are mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. Precision and recall were used as performance measures and they were the main building blocks in building the fitness function. They replaced the false alarm and detection rate that was used in previous works. The result figures as well as values of precision, recall, fitness values, time elapsed, and number of generations used in training was presented. The very basic structure of a GP system was implemented and proved that it can work well as a standalone computational algorithm.
Neural Integration Approach for Subcortical Structure Segmentation

A neural approach is presented to automatically segment subcortical brain structures from MR image. Spatial information from anatomy and tissue characteristics of the brain structures is employed in the method. The spatial locations of the structures are learned by an improved fuzzy neural approach. The decision of a particular voxel belonging to a particular structure, rendered by spatial and tissue characteristics information are combined by a fuzzy fusion algorithm. Experiments on an ensemble of MR brain scans show promise of the current approach
Morphological Characterization of Brazilian Organ Clays Using AFM and SEM Studies

A combination of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) techniques was used to characterise the morphology of Brazilian montmorillonites before and after intercalation of some organic compounds. AFM revealed that the layers are staked over above the others. The surface of the particles consisted of layers bounded with smooth flat basal planes and larger edges ending in some cascade-like steps 184 µm wide. Some micro and macro valleys (0.6 µm deep) are distributed throughout the whole area and irregularities on basal planes may be attributed to the crystallographic conditions of the genesis of these Brazilian montmorillonites. The mapping performed over 20 x 40 areas showed adhesion forces of 11 nN magnitude on bare clay mineral in the Na+ form and 40 nN for the calcium form. Forces between 10 and 6 nN were found after organic intercalation. In general, the intercalation caused significant changes in the surface properties of clay mineral. The combination of AFM and SEM studies provided evidence about the poorl crystallinity of the Brazilian montmorillonites.
Automated Classification in Traffic Video at Intersections with Heavy Pedestrian and Bicycle Traffic

Pedestrians and cyclists are vulnerable road users and despite their limited presence in traffic events, these two groups have the most collisions resulting in injuries and fatalities. Due to problems regarding data collection for pedestrians and cyclists, there is a shortcoming in the field of road safety with regards to the availability and quality of data for non-motorized modes. Also, due to the constant change of orientation and appearance of pedestrians and cyclists, detecting and tracking them is a hard task. This is one of the reasons why automated data collection methods have mainly been developed to detect and track motorized traffic. This paper presents a methodology based on Histogram of Oriented Gradients to extract features of an image box containing the tracked object and Support Vector Machine as a classifier, to classify moving objects in crowded traffic scenes. This method classifies moving objects into three main types of road users: pedestrians, cyclists, and motor vehicles. This is done by first tracking each moving object in the video, classifying its appearance in each frame and then computing the probability of belonging to each class based on its appearance and speed. Bayes’ rule is used to fuse appearance and speed to predict the class for each object. Testing results show good performance, with an overall accuracy of more than 90%.
A Conceptual Design of Novel Modern Random Key-Stream Generator for High Immunity Correlation Attack

Recently, the rapid development and the common use of electronic data processing administered through the Cyberspace, cooperatively with many incidents of attacks and breaches, fuelled the need for better methods of defending the computers and the information they store, process, and transmit. According to these difficulties, this research seeks to design a novel modern key-stream generator for high immunity correlation attacks. The research stated the main components of the proposed method, which divided into three diminutions RMA, MFSR & VLFCSR, and PER with 32 number to diffuse the output.
The Quadruple System μ Orionis: Three-dimensional Orbit and Physical Parameters

The star μ Orionis is a spectroscopic visual quadruple system in which each visual component is a short-period spectroscopic binary. The visual orbit has a period of 18.644 yr, a high eccentricity of 0.7426, and a high inclination of 96. °2. The visual primary consists of an Am star and probably a G or early K dwarf that orbit each other in a nearly circular orbit with a period of 4.4475858 days. The visual secondary consists of a pair of F5: V stars in a circular orbit with a period of 4.7835361 days. While the masses of the two stars are nearly identical and the magnitude difference between the pair is close to zero, the projected rotational velocities differ by almost a factor of 2. The orbit for the B subsystem is not coplanar with the visual orbit, while that for the A subsystem is probably not coplanar as well. The orbital parallax of 0. ″02107 ± 0. ″00018 is more accurate than that obtained from the Hipparcos observations and corresponds to a distance of 47.5 ± 0.4 pc. A comparison with evolutionary tracks indicates that the Am star is near the end of its main-sequence evolution.
Fast three-dimensional Texture Synthesis

Well drilling and servicing fluids for use in producing formations and methods of removing filter cake therefrom are provided. The methods basically comprise using a drilling or servicing fluid basically comprised of water, a water soluble salt and a particulate solid bridging agent selected from magnesium oxychloride cement, magnesium oxysulfate cement, magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate, magnesium hydrogen phosphate trihydrate and magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate. Thereafter, the filter cake deposited by the drilling or servicing fluid is contacted with an aqueous clean-up solution for a period of time such that the bridging agent is dissolved thereby.
Estimating Strategic Complementarity in a State-Dependent Pricing Model

The predictions of a state-dependent pricing (SDP) model range from complete neutrality to results that are similar to those of a time-dependent approach. One way to generate relevant real effects is to incorporate strategic complementarities. This paper proposes a methodology to directly estimate the structural parameter related to strategic complementarity in pricing decisions in a SDP model. In addition, the method allows the estimation of some parameters of state-dependent pricing rules. The methodology uses the microfounded model to derive a structural, non-standard ordered probit. The identiﬁcation strategy arises naturally from the parameter restrictions. We estimate the model using the microdata underlying the CPI-FGV in Brazil for the 1996-2006 period. The results indicate a substantial degree of strategic complementarity
A comparison of night vision simulation methods for video

The properties of the human vision change depending on the absolute luminance of the perceived scene. The change is most noticeable at night, when cones lose their sensitivity and rods activate. This change is imitated in video footage using various tricks and filters. In this study, we compared 4 algorithms that can realistically simulate the appearance of night scenes on a standard display. We conducted a subjective evaluation study to compare the results of night vision simulation with a reference footage dimmed using a photographic filter to determine which algorithm offers the greatest accuracy. The results of our study can be used in computer graphics rendering to apply the most realistic simulation of night vision to the rendered night scenes or in photography to reproduce photographs taken at night as similar as possible to how the human eye would see them.
Polymorphic Blending Attacks

A very effective means to evade signature-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) is to employ polymorphic techniques to generate attack instances that do not share a fixed signature. Anomaly-based intrusion detection systems provide good defense because existing polymorphic techniques can make the attack instances look different from each other, but cannot make them look like normal. In this paper we introduce a new class of polymorphic attacks, called polymorphic blending attacks, that can effectively evade byte frequency-based network anomaly IDS by carefully matching the statistics of the mutated attack instances to the normal profiles. The proposed polymorphic blending attacks can be viewed as a subclass of the mimicry attacks. We take a systematic approach to the problem and formally describe the algorithms and steps required to carry out such attacks. We not only show that such attacks are feasible but also analyze the hardness of evasion under different circumstances. We present detailed techniques using PAYL, a byte frequency-based anomaly IDS, as a case study and demonstrate that these attacks are indeed feasible. We also provide some insight into possible countermeasures that can be used as defense.
Pedestrian motion based inertial sensor fusion by a modified complementary separate-bias Kalman filter

This paper presents a modified complementary separate-bias Kalman filter for orientation determination of pedestrian motions by using a inertial measurement unit (IMU) module, which contains gyroscopes, accelerometers and magnetometers as an Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS). The filter consists of two main functions: the complementary separate-bias Kalman filtering avoids the modelling of pedestrian motions and fuses the sensed data; the magnetic disturbance detection and minimization provides robustness and stability when the sensor module is experiencing local magnetic disturbances. Test case includes stairs climbing indoors and long-distance walking outdoors. In both case the filter is able to provide stable orientation data and minimize the impact of local magnetic field disturbance.
EVOLUTION OF VERY MASSIVE POPULATION III STARS WITH MASS ACCRETION FROM PRE-MAIN SEQUENCE TO COLLAPSE

We calculate the evolution of zero-metallicity Population III (Pop III) stars whose mass grows from the initial mass of ∼1 M☉ by accreting the surrounding gases. Our calculations cover whole evolutionary stages from the pre-main sequence, via various nuclear burning stages, through the final core-collapse or pair-creation instability phases. We adopt two different sets of stellar mass accretion rates as our fiducial models. One is derived from a cosmological simulation of the first generation (PopIII.1) stars, and the other is derived from a simulation of the second generation stars that are affected by radiation from PopIII.1 stars. The latter represents one case of PopIII.2 stars. We also adopt additional models that include radiative feedback effects. We show that the final mass of Pop III.1 stars can be as large as ∼1000 M☉, beyond the mass range (140–300 M☉) for the pair-instability supernovae. Such massive stars undergo core-collapse to form intermediate-mass black holes, which may be the seeds for merger trees to supermassive black holes. On the other hand, Pop III.2 stars become less massive (≲40–60 M☉), being in the mass range of ordinary iron core-collapse stars. Such stars explode and eject heavy elements to contribute to chemical enrichment of the early universe as observed in the abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo. In view of the large range of possible accretion rates, further studies are important to see if these fiducial models are actually the cases.
Feed-forward support of human walking

In this paper we present a method to estimate a feed-forward torque to support human walking. Our method does not require a model of human walking or pre-recorded gait data. Instead we use muscle EMG as a learning signal to construct a feed-forward torque with an adaptive algorithm. As a proof of principle a pilot study on a single muscle was performed to test the method. The pilot showed that for the biceps femoris the EMG could be reduced by 15 percent up to 64 percent. The aim of the study is to gain more insight in how humans can be supported by robotic exoskeletons, and to apply the knowledge in future exoskeleton designs.
A Resilient and Power-Efficient Automatic-Power-Down Sense Amplifier for SRAM Design

A conventional latch-type sense amplifier in a static random access memory (SRAM) could trigger sensing failure under severe process variation. On the other hand, a traditional current-mirror sense amplifier could consume too much power. To strike a good balance, this paper presents an automatic-power-down (APD) sense amplifier, which can avoid sensing failure while keeping the power dissipation low. In this scheme, the operation window of the sense amplifier is adaptive to the real silicon speed of its associated column through Schmitt-Trigger-based dual-V HL APD circuitry. A 64-kb SRAM design using the proposed technique in a 22-nm predictive technology model demonstrates that a power savings of 28%-87% over the traditional current-mirror sense amplifier is achievable.
Speech enhancement for a car environment using LP residual signal and spectral subtraction

Handsfree speaker input is mandatory to enable safe operation in cars. In those scenarios robust speech recognition emerges as one of the key technologies to produce voice control car devices. Through this paper, we propose a method of processing speech degraded by reverberation and noise in an automobile environment. This approach involves analyzing the linear prediction error signal to produce a weight function suitable for being combined with spectral subtraction techniques. The paper includes also an evaluation of the performance of the algorithm in speech recognition experiments. The results show a reduction of more than 30% in word error rate when the new speech enhancement front-end is applied.
An Experimental Collaboration Tool for the Humanities: the Procspace System

: This article describes a hybrid tool for collaborative information management and retrieval – procspace – that draws on different approaches in the field in order to show in what way those methods can be combined into a single application targeted for use by researchers in the humanities. Integrating data-mining models (such as the vector-space model) into collaborative text filtering can combine the semantic sensitivity of human beings with the computers aptness at processing great amounts of data. Deployment of such a tool into concrete work setting however necessitates close attention to the human and social dimensions that come heavily into play.
High-level automatic pipelining for sequential circuits

This paper presents a new approach for automatically pipelining sequential circuits. The approach repeatedly extracts a computation from the critical path, moves it into a new stage, then uses speculation to generate a stream of values that keep the pipeline full. The newly generated circuit retains enough state to recover from incorrect speculations by flushing the incorrect values from the pipeline, restoring the correct state, then restarting the computation. We also implement two extensions to this basic approach: stalling, which minimizes circuit area by eliminating speculation; and forwarding, which increases the throughput of the generated circuit by forwarding correct values to preceding pipeline stages. We implemented a prototype synthesizer based on this approach. Our experimental results show that, starting with a non-pipelined or insufficiently pipelined specification, this synthesizer can effectively reduce the clock cycle time and improve the throughput of the generated circuit.