Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The role of family in adolescents' peer acceptance

The study examined the relative importance of the quality of relationships with parents and grandparents, maternal acceptance and control, the structure of the family, the number of siblings, and adolescents’ own attachment style to their perceived peer acceptance. The sample consisted of 300 adolescents (mean age = 15.5) and 300 mothers (mean age = 41.5). Regarding the role of family relationships, the results indicated that only the quality of the mother–child relationship was related to adolescents’ peer acceptance. Maternal acceptance and control, however, were unrelated to youth’s perceptions of acceptance by peers. Adolescents who had more siblings, lived in a single-mother family, and were high in anxious attachment reported lower peer acceptance. During adolescence, serious transformations take place in adolescents’ family and peer relationships with peers and being accepted among them becoming increasingly important (Collins & Laursen, 2004; Steinberg & Silk, 2002). Rubin, Bukowski, and Parker (2006) discussed several outcomes of low peer acceptance: It might lead to academic difficulties and to externalizing (e.g., behavior problems and substance abuse) and internalizing problems (e.g., low self-esteem and depression). The concept of peer acceptance has thus been
L'eau et les services industriels de Genève : aux sources du modèle suisse des services urbains

Entre 1860 et 1880, le service des eaux de Geneve s’est structure autour d’un double mouvement d’integration territoriale et technique. La liberation de foncier issue de la destruction des remparts, l’integration de nouveaux quartiers populeux, le besoin de renforcer les standards des quartiers bourgeois et, plus tard, la desserte de zones periurbaines ont accru les besoins en eau et insuffle des changements d’echelle techniques. Le passage d’une solution de production traditionnelle a la conception d’un modele innovant alliant force motrice et eau sous pression a permis de mener simultanement une politique de redeploiement industriel et de developpement urbain. L’histoire des fondements de l’adduction d’eau a grande echelle et de la distribution de force motrice jette les bases des Services Industriels de Geneve crees en 1896. Les principes fondateurs – gestion publique, exploitation d’une rente urbaine, synergies interservices, optimum territorial, performance technique et creation de valeur ajoutee – n’ont jamais ete remis en cause et ont servi de modele a travers la Suisse, au profit du developpement de puissants services publics locaux.
Methodologie und Empirie zum situierten Lernen

Auch neue theoretische Ansatze mussen sich in der empirischen Forschung bewahren, zumal dann, wenn sie aus der Kritik an etablierten Theorien hervorgegangen sind; dies gilt auch fur Ansatze zum situierten Lernen. In diesem Beitrag werden zuerst einige wichtige Merkmale dieser Ansatze vorgestellt, um danach die wichtigsten Studien und deren Designs zu diskutieren. Nach einer ersten, uberwiegend ethnomethodologisch orientierten Phase zeichnet sich die gegenwartige zweite Forschungsphase durch eine Zuwendung zur Untersuchung der kollaborativen Lernkultur und des in dieser verteilten gemeinsamen und individuell distribuierten Wissens aus, mit komplexeren Designs und Feldexperimenten, die zumeist am Prinzip der okologischen Validitat orientiert sind. Die vorgestellten Arbeiten von funf Forschergruppen verweisen auf eine veranderte Methodologie, die als interaktive oder als integrative Methodologie bezeichnet wird. Zum Schluss werden mogliche Konsequenzen fur die Technologie und Philosophie der Bildung angesprochen. (DIPF/Orig.) If new theoretical approaches emerge from criticism of established theories, they have to prove reasonable in the framework of empirical research projects. This is also true for approaches of contextual learning. In this contribution, characteristic features of contextual learning approaches will be described. In addition, the most important research surveys and their designs will be discussed. Following the first predominantly ethno-methodological phase, current research focuses on the investigation of the collaborative culture of learning, analyzing both shared and individual knowledge. At this stage, research is mainly based on the principle of ecological validity, implemented by means of complex designs and field experiments. The presented surveys of five research groups show a change in methodology that is called interactive or integrative methodology. Finally, this contribution refers to possible consequences for educational philosophy and technology. (DIPF/Orig.)
An improved blackhole attack detection and prevention method for Wireless ad-hoc Network

The rapid development in communication technology has given rise to strong research interest on Wireless Networks. The reality that mobile ad-hoc networks lack fixed infrastructure and use wireless link for communiqué compose them incredibly predisposed to an adversary's malevolent attacks. The problem rise while the nodes are mobile and poor routing method permit a user to change or transform the information through data broadcast since, through network communication the data is broadcast during the in-between routers anywhere any node can leave or join the network any time Black hole attack is one of the relentless security intimidation in ad-hoc networks which can be basically in employment by develop defenselessness of on-demand routing protocols. The implementation of the proposed concept is provided using the Ad-hoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector routing protocol modification in network simulator 2 i.e. NS-2.
Efficacy of omeprazole on cough, pulmonary function and quality of life of patients with sulfur mustard lung injury: A placebo-control, cross-over clinical trial study

Background: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent and related to more severe disease in patients with respiratory problems. We evaluated the effects of antireflux therapy in warfare victims of exposure to Mustard gas with chronic cough. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was conducted on 45 cases of sulfur mustard injury with chronic cough (≥8 weeks) and GERD. Patients were randomized into two groups, receiving either 20 mg twice daily omeprazole-placebo (OP) or matching placebo (placebo-omeprazole [PO]) for 4 months, followed by a 1-month washout period and the alternative treatment for 4 months. Assessments included GERD and cough, quality of life, and pulmonary function using spirometry. Leicester Cough Questionnaire and SF-36 were used for measuring quality of life. Results: Patients in the OP group experienced a more decrease than those in the PO group in severity of Leicester cough scores during the first 4-month of trial. After crossing the groups, the OP group experienced an increase (P = 0.036) and the PO group experienced a nonsignificant decrease (P = 0.104) in the severity of scores. The OP group also experienced improvement in GERD symptoms and quality of life at the end of the trial, but changes in the PO group was not significant. There was no significant change in respiratory function indices in any groups. Conclusion: Long-term treatment with high-dose omeprazole improved GERD as well as cough, and quality of life, but not changed respiratory function indices in sulfur mustard injured cases with respiratory symptoms.
Psoriasis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin?

Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) that share common pathogenesis and clinical behaviour.1 Both innate and adaptive immunity appear to play a key role in triggering and maintaining chronic inflammation in IBD. The involvement of both these arms of the immune system is common to other immune-mediated diseases (IMIDs), such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis, hence the use of similar therapeutic strategies, including the use of steroids, immunomodulators and monoclonal antibodies in all these diseases.2 In particular, psoriasis can be associated with IBD as an independent concomitant IMID, or can be a manifestation of underlying IBD, or even a paradoxical adverse event of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy.3,4 Such an association could be related to shared genetic abnormalities, common cytokine-driven inflammation [such as the interleukin 23 (IL-23) and Th17 pathway] or environmental factors. However, the link between psoriasis and IBD is currently far from clear. It is known that psoriasis is observed at a frequency about eight times higher among patients with CD than in the general population.5 In addition, families with psoriasis or CD are at higher risk of developing other inflammatory diseases. Lee et al . 6 showed that 10% of … Corresponding author: Gionata Fiorino, MD, PhD, IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. Tel. +39(0)282245555; Fax +39(0)282242591; Email: gionataf{at}gmail.com
Availability in Global Peer-To-Peer Storage Systems

Peer-to-peer file sharing applications have become increasingly popular. Measurements of P2P systems indicate large heterogeneity in the availability of individual nodes. Many have cyclic behavior, whereas others are always available. This paper proposes a cooperative storage technique which employs erasure coding schemes on a collection of data objects and provides various levels of data redundancy. Based on this technique, we study a historybased hill climbing scheme that takes advantage of varied time zones in a global p2p system. Our simulation results show the improved data availability by this scheme. We also investigate several climbing strategies including choice of coding schemes and laziness of data movement.
Analysis and scheduler synthesis of time-bounded reachability in continuous-time Markov decision processes

Continuous-time Markov decision processes (CTMDPs) are stochastic models in which probabilistic and nondeterministic choices co-exist. Lately, a discretization technique has been developed to compute time-bounded reachability probabilities in locally uniform CTMDPs, i.e. CTMDPs with state-wise constant sojourn-times. We extend the underlying value iteration algorithm, such that it computes an -optimal scheduler for time-bounded reachability probabilities in CTMDPs as a byproduct. Further, we give a proof of correctness that the scheduler is -optimal. The -optimality stands for an error > 0, that is induced by the approximation algorithm, and can be specified a priori. As a second contribution, we extend the value iteration algorithm with an incremental computation for several time bounds and prove that we obey the error bound with this method.
Routing Correlated Data in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

Sensory data gathered from sensor nodes in physical proximity tend to exhibit strong correlation. To minimize such redundancy and hence curtail the load in wireless sensor networks with a goal to conserve energy, effective in-network fusion schemes have been extensively proposed in the literature. To this end, routing schemes supporting data fusion are extremely important as they dictate where and when sensory data streams shall intersect with each other and thus fusion will be performed. In this article we briefly articulate this problem and classify recently proposed routing schemes supporting data fusion in wireless sensor networks into three categories: routing-driven, coding-driven, and fusion-driven. We also give an overview of various algorithms in each category by summarizing their design approaches, benefits, and drawbacks.
Social motivation: Modeling and self-efficacy influences on children's development of self-regulation

An essential feature of children's adjustment to school is their development of academically-related self-regulation and motivation. The question of how children acquire and internalize adult levels of self-regulatory competence and motivation has fascinated scholars since the ancient Greeks. Although philosophers, sociologists, and anthropologists have long emphasized the importance of socialization influences, until recently there has been relatively little detailed information about how such influences affect children's self-regulatory development. Since the late 1950s, researchers in the social learning tradition (Bandura & Walters, 1963) have hypothesized that children's exposure to socializing agents, especially adult or peer models, influences their behavioral and cognitive development (e.g., formation of concepts, attitudes, preferences, standards for self-reward and self-punishment). They found extensive evidence that children readily induce and transfer concepts that underlie modeling sequences (Rosenthal & Zimmerman, 1978; Zimmerman & Rosenthal, 1974). In recent years, social cognitive theorists shifted their attention to adolescents' internalization of self-regulatory competence and studied how youngsters learn to function independently from socializing agents in an adaptive, generative, and creative manner. Bandura (1986) emphasized the importance of a number of specific self-regulatory processes. Self-regulation refers to processes students use to activate and sustain cognitions, behaviors, and affects, which are oriented toward the attainment of goals (Zimmerman, 1989, 1990). Academic self-regulatory processes include planning and managing time; attending to and concentrating on instruction; organizing, rehearsing, and coding information strategically; establishing a productive work environment; and using social resources effectively.
Mental health and mental health help-seeking behaviors among first-generation voluntary African migrants: A systematic review

Purpose Mental health challenges are highly prevalent in African migrants. However, understanding of mental health outcomes in first-generation voluntary African migrants is limited, despite the unique challenges faced by this migrant subgroup. This review aimed to synthesize the literature to understand the mental health challenges, help-seeking behavior, and the relationship between mental health and mental health help-seeking behavior in first-generation voluntary African migrants living outside Africa. Methods Medline Complete, EMBASE, CINAHL Complete, and APA PsychINFO were searched for studies published between January 2012 to December 2023. Retrieved articles were processed, data from selected articles were extracted and synthesized to address the study aims, and included studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Results Eight studies were included, including four quantitative and four qualitative studies, which focused on women with postnatal depression. Mental health challenges reported in the quantitative studies were depression, interpersonal disorders, and work-related stress. Risk (e.g., neglect from health professionals and lack of social/spousal support) and protective (e.g., sensitivity of community services and faith) factors associated with mental health were identified. Barriers (e.g., cultural beliefs about mental health and racial discrimination) and facilitators (sensitizing African women about mental health) of mental health help-seeking behavior were also identified. No significant relationship was reported between mental health and mental health help-seeking behavior, and the risk of bias results indicated some methodological flaws in the studies. Conclusion This review shows the dearth of research focusing on mental health and help-seeking behavior in this subgroup of African migrants. The findings highlight the importance of African migrants, especially mothers with newborns, examining cultural beliefs that may impact their mental health and willingness to seek help. Receiving countries should also strive to understand the needs of first-generation voluntary African migrants living abroad and offer mental health support that is patient-centered and culturally sensitive.
A mechanistic model of photoinhibition

A mechanistic model was developed, to simulate the main facets of photoinhibition in phytoplankton. Photoinhibition is modelled as a time dependent decrease in the initial slope of a photosynthesis versus irradiance curve, related to D1 (photosystem II reaction centre protein) damage and non-photochemical quenching. The photoinhibition model was incorporated into an existing ammonium-nitrate nutrition interaction model capable of simulating photoacclimation and aspects of nitrogen uptake and utilization. Hence the current model can simulate the effects of irradiance on photosynthesis from sub-saturating to inhibitory photon flux densities, during growth on different nitrogen sources and under nutrient stress. Model output conforms well to experimental data, allowing the extent of photoinhibition to be predicted under a range of nutrient and light regimes. The ability of the model to recreate the afternoon depression of photosynthesis and the enhancement of photosynthesis during fluctuating light suggests that these two processes are related to photoinhibition. The model may be used to predict changes in biomass and/or carbon fixation under a wide range of oceanographic situations, and it may also help to explain the progression to dominance of certain algal species, and bloom formation under defined irradiance and nutrient conditions.
Linkages between maternal experience of intimate partner violence and child nutrition outcomes: A rapid evidence assessment

Background A strong evidence base indicates that maternal caregivers’ experience of intimate partner violence [IPV] impacts children’s health, cognitive development, and risk-taking behaviors. Our objective was to review peer-reviewed literature describing the associations between a child’s indirect exposure to IPV and corresponding nutrition outcomes, with a particular focus on fragile settings in low and middle-income countries [LMICs]. Methods We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to synthesize quantitative associations between maternal caregivers’ IPV experience and children’s nutrition/growth outcomes (birthweight, feeding, and growth indicators). We included peer-reviewed research, published in English or Spanish after the year 2000, conducted in fragile settings in LMICs. Results We identified 86 publications that fit inclusion criteria. Amongst all associations assessed, a maternal caregiver’s experience of combined forms of IPV (physical, sexual and emotional) or physical IPV only, were most consistently associated with lower birthweight, especially during pregnancy. Women of child-bearing age, including adolescents, exposed to at least one type of IPV showed a decreased likelihood of following recommended breastfeeding practices. Lifetime maternal experience of combined IPV was significantly associated with stunting among children under 5 years of age in the largest study included, though findings in smaller studies were inconsistent. Maternal experience of physical or combined IPV were inconsistently associated with underweight or wasting in the first five years. Maternal experience of sexual IPV during pregnancy appeared to predict worsened lipid profiles among children. Conclusion Maternal caregivers’ experience of IPV is significantly associated with low birthweight and suboptimal breastfeeding practices, whereas studies showed inconsistent associations with child growth indicators or blood nutrient levels. Future research should focus on outcomes in children aged 2 years and older, investigation of feeding practices beyond breastfeeding, and examination of risk during time periods physiologically relevant to the outcomes. Programmatic implications include incorporation of GBV considerations into nutrition policies and programming and integrating GBV prevention and response into mother and child health and nutrition interventions in LMIC contexts.
Beating Heart Versus Arrested Heart Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery.

We analyzed the long-term results of two surgical techniques (beating versus non-beating) for isolated tricuspid valve (TV) surgery.The long-term results of 92 consecutive patients who underwent isolated TV surgery were analyzed. We compared patients with beating heart (BH) surgery (n = 48) with patients undergoing arrested heart (AH) surgery (n = 44). BH surgery was more frequently chosen in urgent/emergent operations (P = 0.029) and in redo-operations (P < 0.001). Preoperatively, the rates of renal insufficiency (P = 0.002) and EuroSCORE (P = 0.019) were higher in the BH group than in the AH group. There were no differences in perioperative outcomes and 30-day mortality between the groups. However, freedom from reoperation was significantly lower in the BH group compared to the AH group (P = 0.039). We observed a trend towards lower survival rates at 1, 5, and 10 years in the BH group (77%, 54%, and 41%) compared to those of the AH group (86%, 75%, and 72%, P = 0.062). Multivariate Cox hazard model analysis revealed preoperative heart rhythm (P = 0.014, odds ratio [OR] = 2.296) and EuroSCORE (P = 0.022, OR = 1.049) as independent risk factors for mortality after isolated TV surgery.The superiority of BH surgery over AG surgery was not proven. Surgical intervention should be considered early, since patients with elevated EuroSCORES and arrhythmia have significantly higher mortality rates.
Use of geostatistics to predict virus decay rates for determination of septic tank setback distances

Water samples were collected from 71 public drinking-water supply wells in the Tucson, Ariz. , basin. Virus decay rates in the water samples were determined with MS-2 coliphage as a model virus. The correlations between the virus decay rates and the sample locations were shown by fitting a spherical model to the experimental semivariogram. Kriging, a geostatistical technique, was used to calculate virus decay rates at unsampled locations by using the known values at nearby wells. Based on the regional characteristics of groundwater flow and the kriged estimates of virus decay rates, a contour map of the area was constructed. The map shows the variation in separation distances that would have to be maintained between wells and sources of contamination to afford similar degrees of protection from viral contamination of the drinking water in wells throughout the basin.