Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Optimal Unequal Error/Erasure Protection of Scalable Video Multicasting Using Randomized Linear Network Codes

Unequal error/erasure protection (UEP) is often employed in multilayer video streaming to ensure successful reception of the important reference layers. In this paper, we investigate possible ways to provide such protection to the multicasting sessions of scalable video codes (SVC) using randomized linear network codes (RLNCs). We surmised that it takes both proper combination of transmitted symbols at the source nodes and selective mixing of these symbols over the transport network to produce desirable UEP effects. To test our hypothesis, we conducted multicasting experiments over acyclic transport networks exhibiting localized or widespread packet losses. We observed that only a small collection of RLNCs is capable of providing proper UEP by taking into account the utility values of different SVC layers and the packet loss rates along different communication links. Specifically, we discovered layered coding structures in the optimal UEP-RLNCs that mirror corresponding layered structures in the scalable video codes. We also quantified the UEP capability of network codes using separation vectors and showed the gradual changes of codeword separations among different UEP-RLNCs. Finally, we developed a prototype implementation of UEP-RLNCs by extending Chou et al.'s practical network coding scheme.
Performance of Forward Error Correction for IEEE 802 . 16 e

In this paper the broadband wireless access system provided by the IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN air interface with its amendment to mobile users (IEEE 802.16e) is addressed. We exclusively consider data transmission in the uplink based on scalable OFDMA. We provide performance results for the most important forward error correcting (FEC) schemes intended for IEEE 802.16e, namely convolutional codes (CC), convolutional turbo codes (CTC) and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes.
The history of video quality model validation

This paper describes objective video quality validation efforts conducted in the past two decades. Validation efforts to be examined include a validation test performed by the T1A1 committee in the early 1990's; five rounds of validation testing performed by the Video Quality Experts Group; and validation tests performed by ITU-T Study Group 12. Useful products that resulted from those efforts will be identified, including standards, datasets, and model validation techniques.
Challenges in Finding an Appropriate Multi-Dimensional Index Structure with Respect to Specific Use Cases

In recent years, index structures for managing multi-dimensional data became increasingly important. Due to heterogeneous systems and specic use cases, it is a complex challenge to nd an appropriate index structure for specic problems, such as nding similar ngerprints or micro traces in a database. One aspect that should be considered in general is the dimensionality and the related curse of dimensionality. However, dimensionality of data is just one component that have to be considered. To address the challenges of nding the appropriate index, we motivate the necessity of a framework to evaluate indexes for specic use cases. Furthermore, we discuss core components of a framework that supports users in nding the most appropriate index structure for their use case.
Radial and vertical epicyclic frequencies of Keplerian motion in the field of Kerr naked singularities. Comparison with the black hole case and possible instability of naked-singularity accretion discs

Relativistic Keplerian orbital frequency ($\nu_{\mathrm{K}}$) and related epicyclic frequencies (radial $\nu_{\mathrm{r}}$, vertical $\nu_{\theta}$) play an important role in the physics of accretion discs orbiting Kerr black holes – quasiperiodic oscillations observed in microquasars can be explained by associated resonant or trapping effects. Because of growing theoretical evidence of the possible existence of naked singularities, we discuss the behaviour of the fundamenal orbital frequencies for Keplerian motion in the field of Kerr naked singularities, primarily in order to find phenomena that could observationally distinguish a hypothetical naked singularity from black holes. Some astrophysically important consequences are sketched, namely the existence of strong resonant frequency for all Kerr naked singularities, with radial and vertical epicyclic frequencies equal and given by the relation $\omega_\mathrm{sr}\,$=$\,\,a^{-2}\sqrt {a^2-1}\,(a^2+1 )^{-1}$.
Impact on Accuracy of Deployment Trade-Offs in Localized Sensor Network Event Detection

Event detection in sensor networks is a very desirable capability, insofar as it can be seen as a building block for higher-level functionalities. Of particular interest in this paper is the ability to characterize the geometry of physical phenomena (e.g., a weather front, or a forest fire) as they take place in the sensing scope of a deployed network. If such geometries can be accurately characterized in a cost-effective manner, then we can construe them as induced geometrical extents. Taken together with asserted geometrical extents (e.g., those of civil structures such as buildings and roads and bridges, or of geographical features, such as forests, rivers, lakes, mountains), physical phenomena can then be targetted by high-level, declarative spatial and spatio-temporal queries. For this vision to be realized, one must understand better the conditions under which best-ofbreed event detection algorithms for sensor networks perform well on realistic geometries given realistic assumptions about deployment circumstances and operating conditions. In this paper, we contribute a study of two event detection algorithms, viz., FEBD and T-Fit. The study revealed shortcomings in both algorithms, which we used to develop improved versions of both. We have quantified the trade-offs between accuracy, areal coverage and sensor density that they incur. Our overarching goal has, therefore, been a practical one, viz., to inform future deployments as to what accuracy can be expected, given a desired areal coverage and such sensor density as can be afforded, by the use of the algorithms under evaluation.
The Experiences of Black MFT Doctoral Degree Holders with White Professors: A Phenomenological Study

xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION . 1 Background of the Study . 3 The effect of Brown v. Board of Education . 5 Statement of the Problem . 5 Purpose of the Study . 10 Qualitative Research Overview . 11 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW . 12 Effect of the Civil War on Education . 12 Advocating Generals . 12 Freedom of Slaves. 14 Current Black American Students in Higher Education . 15 Enrollment in Higher Education . 15 Themes of Black Doctoral Students . 15 Length of Completion for Degree . 15
The Polygraph: The Truth Lies within

The polygraph, a widely used tool in the field of law enforcement, is frequently touted as being able to detect truthfulness and/or deception of suspects, victims, witnesses, and informants. However, the tool is highly misunderstood, as it is often referred to as a lie detector. The role of the examiner is critical in both administration and interpretation of results. This article discusses the foundations of the polygraph in terms of physiological processes, as well as the psychological processes that can occur for a person undergoing a polygraph examination. A brief history of the polygraph is presented along with the different types of polygraph examinations and methods of questioning as well as the general science of the polygraph, its effectiveness, processes, proper use, and measures.
Comparison of score normalization methods applied to multi-label classification

Our paper deals with the multi-label text classification of the newspaper articles, where the classifier must decide if a document does or does not belong to each topic from the predefined topic set. A generative classifier is used to tackle this task and the problem with finding a threshold for the positive classification is mainly addressed. This threshold can vary for each document depending on the content of the document (words used, length of the document, etc.). An extensive comparison of the score normalization methods, primary proposed in the speaker identification/verification task, for robustly finding the threshold defining the boundary between the “correct” and the “incorrect” topics of a document is presented. Score normalization methods (based on World Model and Unconstrained Cohort Normalization) applied to the topic identification task has shown an improvement of results in our former experiments, therefore in this paper an in-depth experiments with more score normalization techniques applied to the multi-label classification were performed. Thorough analysis of the effects of the various parameters setting is presented.
Fast Second Degree Total Variation Method for Image Compressive Sensing

This paper presents a computationally efficient algorithm for image compressive sensing reconstruction using a second degree total variation (HDTV2) regularization. Firstly, a preferably equivalent formulation of the HDTV2 functional is derived, which can be formulated as a weighted L 1-L 2 mixed norm of second degree image derivatives under the spectral decomposition framework. Secondly, using the equivalent formulation of HDTV2, we introduce an efficient forward-backward splitting (FBS) scheme to solve the HDTV2-based image reconstruction model. Furthermore, from the averaged non-expansive operator point of view, we make a detailed analysis on the convergence of the proposed FBS algorithm. Experiments on medical images demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several fast algorithms of the TV and HDTV2 reconstruction models in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity index (SSIM) and convergence speed.
Coat of Arms and the Body Politic: Khoisan Imagery and South African National Identity

This paper focuses on the imagery of state and nation in post-apartheid South Africa, and more specifically on the use of ‘Bushmen’ or ‘San’ in the symbolic reconstruction of national unity through South Africa’s new motto and Coat of Arms. The Coat of Arms is based on a redrawing of a figure from rock art, while the motto ! Ke e: /xarra //ke (officially translated ‘Diverse people unite’) comes from the extinct /Xam language once spoken in the Northern Cape. The choice of the figure and of the language of the motto were deliberate, and explicitly evoke the idea of Bushman as ancestral man and original South African, while the meaning of the motto (much criticized in contemporary South Africa) is shown here to be much richer than previously known.
A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Disambiguation in a Spoken Dialogue System

A spoken dialogue system (SDS) communicates with its user(s) in a spoken natural language. It responds to user speech input for answering questions, providing advice, and so on. Correctly understanding user input is very important to system performance. A key issue in understanding user input is handling ambiguity since any natural language is ambiguous. In our research, we develop a novel multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm for disambiguation in a spoken dialogue system. In the algorithm, multiple agents learn knowledge about user behavior in activities and language use, and the knowledge is used to handle ambiguity. In this paper, we introduce the multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm, and describe a spoken dialogue system for mathematics tutoring that we build to implement and experiment the algorithm.
Non-extensive diffusion as nonlinear response

The porous-media equation has been proposed as a phenomenological non-extensive generalization of classical diffusion. Here, we show that a very similar equation can be derived, in a systematic manner, for a classical fluid by assuming nonlinear response, i.e. that the diffusive flux depends on gradients of a power of the concentration. The present equation distinguishes from the porous-media equation in that it describes generalized classical diffusion, i.e. with r/D1/2t scaling, but with a generalized Einstein relation, and with power-law probability distributions typical of non-extensive statistical mechanics.
A statistical framework for genome-wide discovery of biomarker splice variations with GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Arrays.

Alternative splicing is an important regulatory mechanism that generates multiple mRNA transcripts which are transcribed into functionally diverse proteins. According to the current studies, aberrant transcripts due to splicing mutations are known to cause for 15% of genetic diseases. Therefore understanding regulatory mechanism of alternative splicing is essential for identifying potential biomarkers for several types of human diseases. Most recently, advent of GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array enables us to measure genome-wide expression profiles of over one million exons. With this new microarray platform, analysis of functional gene expressions could be extended to detect not only differentially expressed genes, but also a set of specific-splicing events that are differentially observed between one or more experimental conditions, e.g. tumor or normal control cells. In this study, we address the statistical problems to identify differentially observed splicing variations from exon expression profiles. The proposed method is organized according to the following process: (1) Data preprocessing for removing systematic biases from the probe intensities. (2) Whole transcript analysis with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify a set of loci that cause the alternative splicing-related to a certain disease. We test the proposed statistical approach on exon expression profiles of colorectal carcinoma. The applicability is verified and discussed in relation to the existing biological knowledge. This paper intends to highlight the potential role of statistical analysis of all exon microarray data. Our work is an important first step toward development of more advanced statistical technology. Supplementary information and materials are available from http://bonsai.ims. u-tokyo.ac. jp/~yoshidar/IBSB2006_ExonArray. htm.
Aggregate activity and economic organisation

L'A. se demande en quoi les interactions entre les agents economiques affectent l'activite economique agregee. Il souligne que le mode d'organisation de ces interactions tend a structurer de maniere specifique les comportements agreges. Il examine la place de la notion d'interaction dans la theorie economique. Il decrit de quelle maniere les historiens envisagent l'impact de l'organisation economique sur l'activite economique agregee. Il analyse la dynamique d'un certain nombre de processus d'interaction. Il etudie les comportements economiques en dehors des situations d'equilibre. Il montre comment les agents economiques deduisent les informations concernant le comportement des autres agents. Il etudie le phenomene de l'imitation ainsi que les modes d'interaction au sein de reseaux.
Geographic Constraints on Knowledge Spillovers: Political Borders vs. Spatial Proximity

Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers is a central tenet in multiple streams of research. However, prior work has typically examined this phenomenon considering only one geographic unit—country, state, or metropolitan area—at a time and has rarely accounted for spatial distance. We disentangle these multiple effects by using a regression framework employing choice-based sampling to estimate the likelihood of citation between random patents. We find both country and state borders to have independent effects on knowledge diffusion beyond what just geographic proximity in the form of metropolitan collocation or shorter within-region distances can explain. An identification methodology comparing inventor-added and examiner-added citation patterns points to an even stronger role of political borders. The puzzling state border effect remains robust on average across analyses, though it is found to have waned with time. The country effect has, in contrast, not only remained robust but even strengthened over time. This paper was accepted by Kamalini Ramdas, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Anticytokine Autoantibodies: Association with Infection and Immune Dysregulation

The association of autoantibodies to cytokines with immune deficiency, autoimmunity and/or immune dysregulation is increasingly being recognized. For example, autoantibodies to interferon gamma have been found to be associated with chronic, treatment refractory infections with intracellular organisms such as mycobacteria, autoantibodies to interleukin 17 with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and anti-interferon alpha autoantibodies with systemic lupus erythematosus. While low titer autoantibodies to these and other cytokines may be detected in normal individuals, patients with infectious or autoimmune manifestations tend to have high titer autoantibodies that may block or potentiate the function of the respective cytokine. Recognition of these autoantibodies is important because it may direct treatment toward a combination of adjunctive immunotherapy to modulate the autoantibody level while continuing with appropriate anti-microbial therapy. This review focuses on the anti-cytokine autoantibodies documented to date, their autoimmune, immune dysregulation and infectious disease associations, methods for detection of these antibodies and potential treatment options.
2D conformal field theories and holography

It is known that the chiral part of any 2D conformal field theory defines a 3D topological quantum field theory: quantum states of this TQFT are the CFT conformal blocks. The main aim of this paper is to show that a similar CFT/TQFT relation exists also for the full CFT. The 3D topological theory that arises is a certain “square” of the chiral TQFT. Such topological theories were studied by Turaev and Viro; they are related to 3D gravity. We establish an operator/state correspondence in which operators in the chiral TQFT correspond to states in the Turaev–Viro theory. We use this correspondence to interpret CFT correlation functions as particular quantum states of the Turaev–Viro theory. We compute the components of these states in the basis in the Turaev–Viro Hilbert space given by colored 3-valent graphs. The formula we obtain is a generalization of the Verlinde formula. The later is obtained from our expression for a zero colored graph. Our results give an interesting “holographic” perspective on confo.
A Quarantine DC/DC Converter using High- Frequency Unstructured LLC Resonant Converter for Fuel Cell Application

This paper suggests an isolated dc/dc converter using an unregulated LLC converter for fuel cell applications. The LLC converter operates as an isolated voltage amplifier with a constant voltage gain, and a nonisolated converter installed in the input stage regulates the output voltage under a wide variation of fuel cell stack voltage. By separating the functions, the unregulated LLC converter can be operated at an optimal switching condition, and the highfrequency operation of 300 kHz can be accomplished without introducing an excessive switching loss. The prototype converter with a 1-kW design (Vin = 24 48 V/Vo = 400 V) shows an efficiency of above 90.2% under a 24-V input and full load conditions.
News Media and Corporate Representation of CSR in India

ABSTRACT Applying stakeholder theory in an international context, this study examined how Indian news media and corporations communicatively define corporate social responsibility (CSR) and the relationship between their narratives. Content analysis of 242 news articles and 200 corporate websites shows that although there are signs of a progressive CSR attitude, the news media and corporate discourse are still ignoring current issues and challenges relevant to Indian society. However, there were also indicators of tensions between moral and strategic intent, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that previous studies have argued should define CSR in the Indian context. Implications for international CSR research and practice in the context of sociocultural and media environment are discussed.
Pointing and the Evolution of Language: An Applied Evolutionary Epistemological Approach

Numerous evolutionary linguists have indicated that human pointing behaviour might be associated with the evolution of language. At an ontogenetic level, and in normal individuals, pointing develops spontaneously and the onset of human pointing precedes as well as facilitates phases in speech and language development. Phylogenetically, pointing behaviour might have preceded and facilitated the evolutionary origin of both gestural and vocal language. Contrary to wild non-human primates, captive and human-reared nonhuman primates also demonstrate pointing behaviour. In this article, we analyse the debates on pointing and its role it might have played in language evolution from a meta-level. From within an Applied Evolutionary Epistemological approach, we examine how exactly we can determine whether pointing has been a unit, a level or a mechanism in language evolution.
A fresh approach to file system quality of service

This paper describes a file system for supporting quality of service (QoS) guarantees. The device driver model clearly separates control- and data-path operations and presents a low-level of abstraction. The data-path module provides translation and protection of I/O requests enabling the file system layers to be executed as unprivileged code within shared libraries. Scheduling of low-level operations within the device driver is used to provide isolation between clients and quality of service guarantees.
Lexical semantics and pragmatics

In this paper I discuss some general problems one is confronted with when trying to analyze the utterance of words within concrete conceptual and contextual settings and to go beyond the aspects of meaning typically investigated by a contrastive analysis of lexemes within the Katz-Fodor tradition of semantics. After emphasizing some important consequences of the traditional view, several phenomena are collected that seem to conflict with the theoretical settings made by it. Some extensions of the standard theory are outlined that take a broader view of language interpretation and claim to include pragmatic aspects of (utterance) meaning. The models critically considered include Bartsch's indexical theory of polysemy, Bierwisch's two-level semantics and Pustejovsky's generative lexicon. Finally, I argue in favor of a particular account of the division of labor between lexical semantics and pragmatics. This account combines the idea of (radical) semantic underspecification in the lexicon with a theory of pragmatic strengthening (based on conversational implicatures).
Legal Update of Gifted Education

This update of the legislation/regulations and case law specific to pre-K–12 gifted students since a cluster of publications in 2004–2005 primarily focuses on the “gifted alone” category, with only secondary attention to twice-exceptional and other students in the “gifted plus” category. For the gifted-alone category, the legislation and regulations during the most recent 11 years continue to be at the state level, rather than federal level, with a net change amounting to moderate strengthening, primarily in terms of the group, rather than Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)–type, model. The corresponding case law remains very limited in both frequency and pro-plaintiff outcomes, with most of the cases arising in Pennsylvania. The gifted-plus category accounts for far more litigation, fueled by the intersecting federal civil rights laws that are pivotal in these cases. Yet, their outcomes, for a variety of issues that extend well beyond eligibility and free appropriate public education, have also reflected a pro-district skew.