Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mechanistic investigation of ACE inhibitor dose effects on aerobic exercise capacity in heart failure patients.

BACKGROUND Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors at high doses have been shown to improve prognosis of heart failure patients. Their beneficial effects on exercise capacity have been less convincing in large parallel group studies. The objective of this investigation was to explore the mechanisms involved in dose-related functional effects and to test the hypothesis that a trial recommended high dose of lisinopril would improve aerobic exercise capacity and cardiovascular function more than with a low dose. METHODS Twelve patients with symptomatic heart failure completed a randomized double-blind crossover trial of lisinopril 5 mg o.d. and 20 mg o.d. for 24 weeks, crossing over the doses at 12 weeks. The primary end-point was aerobic exercise capacity, and the secondary end-points were cardiac performance at peak exercise and dobutamine stimulation. RESULTS The aerobic exercise capacity (primary end-point) was significantly higher during the 5mg per day dosage compared to the 20 mg (1696 vs 1578 ml.min(-1), P=0.016), equivalent to a rise of 1.53 ml.kg(-1)min(-1) from the 19.6 ml.kg(-1)min(-1) with 20mg when normalized by body weight. Seventy-three percent of patients showed greater peak oxygen consumption and peak cardiac power output with the 5mg per day dose than the 20 mg, and none showed the opposite. In terms of cardiac performance, although the results were not statistically significant, there was a consistent pattern showing the same directional changes in favour of the lower dose in peak exercise cardiac power output and cardiac power output at maximal dobutamine. There were no significant differences in the resting values. A total of 24 adverse reactions were reported during the 5 mg phase compared to 38 during the 20 mg phase. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to expectation, the aerobic exercise capacity of patients was found to be greater with the lower dose of lisinopril, suggesting that therapy with ACE inhibitors for heart failure may require tailoring the doses to the individual to optimize functional benefits in relation to the assumed prognostic benefits.
Dinámicas socioecológicas y ecoturismo comunitario: un análisis comparativo en el eje fluvial Guayabero-Guaviare

Los efectos del ecoturismo en las relaciones entre habitantes y su entorno son complejos y multidimensionales. Para explorar estos efectos, se analizan comparativamente dos iniciativas ecoturísticas comunitarias del departamento del Guaviare, un territorio históricamente afectado por el conflicto armado y hoy priorizado como escenario de construcción de paz. El análisis articula enfoques de la ecología política y de los sistemas socioecológicos y destaca la pertinencia de comprender las relaciones de poder que emergen en contextos de ecoturismo comunitario que, a su vez, ayudan a dimensionar la manera en que este tipo particular de turismo incide en las dinámicas socioecológicas y en las estrategias de familias campesinas que buscan diversificar sus economías en clave sostenible.
Least-change secant updates of nonsquare matrices

The notion of least-change secant updates is extended to apply to nonsquare matrices in a way appropriate for quasi-Newton methods used to solve systems of nonlinear equations that depend on parameters. Extensions of the widely used least-change secant updates for square matrices are given. A local convergence analysis for certain paradigm iterations is outlined as motivation for the use of these updates, and numerical experiments involving these iterations are discussed.
General LTL Specification Mining (T)

Temporal properties are useful for describing and reasoning about software behavior, but developers rarely write down temporal specifications of their systems. Prior work on inferring specifications developed tools to extract likely program specifications that fit particular kinds of tool-specific templates. This paper introduces Texada, a new temporal specification mining tool for extracting specifications in linear temporal logic (LTL) of arbitrary length and complexity. Texada takes a user-defined LTL property type template and a log of traces as input and outputs a set of instantiations of the property type (i.e., LTL formulas) that are true on the traces in the log. Texada also supports mining of almost invariants: properties with imperfect confidence. We formally describe Texada's algorithms and evaluate the tool's performance and utility.
Middle and High School Teachers' Praise and Reprimand Delivery

6 Introduction . 7 School-wide Positive Behavior Intervention Supports . 8 Praise and Reprimand . 1 1 Definitions . 1 1 Operant theory . 1 2 Recommended rates . 1 4 Research supporting high praise to reprimand ratios . 1 4 Natural rates . 1 5 Praise Deli very . 1 8 Saliency . 2 1 Dispersion . 24 Literature Summary and Impact of Proposed Research . 25 Methods . 29 Setting and Participants . 29 Materials and Instruments . 30 Teacher demographic questionnaire . 30 Teacher observation form . 30 Praise type . 3 1 Reprimand type . 3 1 Delivery . 32 Cued Audio Tape . 33 TEACHER PRAISE AND REPRIMAND DELIVERY Direct Observation Training . 33 Interobserver Agreement (IOA) . 34 Procedures . 34 Data Analysis . 35 Results . 37 Observations . 37 Frequency of Praise Delivery . 37 Frequency of Reprimand Delivery . 38 Praise Type and Delivery . 38 Reprimand Type and Delivery . 39 Praise and Reprimand . 40 Discussion . 40 Praise Delivery . 42 Reprimand Delivery . 43 Praise Type and Delivery . 44 Reprimand Type and Delivery . 46 Limitations . 47 Future Research . 48 References . 50 List of Tables Table 1 . Teacher and Classroom Demographics . 6 1 Table 2. Average Rate of Praise Delivery per Hour and Minute . 62 Table 3. Average Rate of Reprimand Delivery per Hour and Minute . 62 TEACHER PRAISE AND REPRIMAND DELIVERY Appendices Appendix A. Teacher Demographic Questionnaire . 63 Appendix B. Teacher Observation Form . 64 Appendix C. Operational Definitions of Praise Types and Reprimand Types . 65 Appendix D. Operational Definitions of Delivery Types . 66 Appendix E. Teacher Recruiting Flyer . 67 Appendix F. Teacher Consent Form . 68 TEACHER PRAISE AND REPRIMAND DELIVERY
Near State PWM Algorithm with Reduced Switching Frequency and Reduced Common Mode Voltage Variations for Vector Controlled Induction Motor Drive

In this paper a Near State Pulse Width Modulation (NSPWM) algorithm with reduced switching frequency is presented for vector controlled induction motor drives for reduced common mode voltage/currents. The proposed algorithm utilizes a group of three neighbor voltage vectors to construct the reference voltage space vector. In the proposed algorithm in each sector any one of the phases is clamped to either positive dc bus or negative dc bus. Hence, the proposed algorithm reduces the switching frequency and switching losses of the inverter. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed NSPWM algorithm results in reduced common mode voltage, has low switching frequency and has low switching losses of the inverter. Index Terms—common mode voltage, induction motor drives, near state PWM, SVPWM, vector control. —————————— a —————————— 1 I
Unique Ergodicity of Harmonic Currents on Singular Foliations of P2

Let F be a holomorphic foliation of P^2 by Riemann surfaces. Assume all the singular points of F are hyperbolic. If F has no algebraic leaf, then there is a unique positive harmonic $(1,1)$ current $T$ of mass one, directed by F. This implies strong ergodic properties for the foliation. We also study the harmonic flow associated to the current $T. $
Difference in pulse arrival time at forehead and at finger as a surrogate of pulse transit time

Pulse transit time (PTT) difference (PTTD) to the forehead and finger dynamics are compared to pulse arrival time towards the finger (PATF) dynamics during a tilt table test. Two frequency bands, where different physiological information is expected, are analyzed: low frequency (LF) influenced by both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, and high frequency (HF) influenced by parasympathetic activity. As PATF, PTTD is influenced by PTT, but in contrast to PATF, PTTD is not influenced by the pre-ejection period (PEP). This is advantaging in certain applications such as arterial stiffness assessment or blood pressure estimation. Results showed higher correlation between PTTD and PATF during rest stages than during tilt stage, when the PEP dynamics have stronger effect in PATF dynamics. This suggests that PTTD variability can potentially be a surrogate of PTT variability that is not influenced by PEP, which is advantaging in the previously mentioned applications. However, further studies must be elaborated in order to evaluate the potential of PTTD in such specific applications.
Actively Monitoring Peers in KAD

In recent years, a large number of DHTs have been proposed. However, very few of them have been deployed in real-life large scale systems. An exception is KAD, a DHT based on Kademlia that is part of the widely used eMule peer-to-peer system, which has more than 1.5 million simultaneous users. We have developed a very fast crawler and explored KAD for more than a month by crawling part of the KAD ID space, which takes only a few seconds. We find that there are two classes of peers, long-lived peers that participate in KAD for weeks and short-lived peers that remain in KAD no more than few days before they permanently leave. Most of the peers that join KAD for the first time are short-lived peers. Since inter-session times can be as large as one week, one needs to crawl KAD for more than a week to be able to identify and characterize short-lived peers.
Intermediate language extensions for parallelism

An Intermediate Language (IL) specifies a program at a level of abstraction that includes precise semantics for state updates and control flow, but leaves unspecified the low-level software and hardware mechanisms that will be used to implement the semantics. Past ILs have followed the Von Neumann execution model by making sequential execution the default, and by supporting parallelism with runtime calls for lower-level mechanisms such as threads and locks. Now that the multicore trend is making parallelism the default execution model for all software, it behooves us as a community to study the fundamental requirements in parallel execution models and explore how they can be supported by first-class abstractions at the IL level. In this paper, we introduce five key requirements for Parallel Intermediate Representations (PIR): 1) Lightweight asynchronous tasks and communications, 2) Explicit locality, 3) Directed Synchronization with Dynamic Parallelism:, 4) Mutual Exclusion and Isolation with Dynamic Parallelism, and 5) Relaxed Exception semantics for Parallelism. We summarize the approach being taken in the Habanero Multicore Software Research project at Rice University to define a Parallel Intermediate Representation (PIR) to address these requirements. We discuss the basic issues of designing and implementing PIRs within the Habanero-Java (HJ) compilation framework that spans multiple levels of PIRs. By demonstrating several program optimizations developed in the HJ compilation framework, we show that this new PIR-based approach to compiler development brings robustness to the process of analyzing and optimizing parallel programs and is applicable to a wide range of task-parallelism programming models available today.
Leveraging Feature Uncertainty in the PnP Problem

Trabajo presentado a la 25th British Machine Vision Conference (BMVC), celebrada en Nottingham (UK) del 1 al 5 de septiembre de 2014. -- Este item (excepto textos e imagenes no creados por el autor) esta sujeto a una licencia de Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain.
Nestin‐Cre mediated deletion of Pitx2 in the mouse

Nestin‐Cre mice are widely used to generate gene deletions in the developing brain. Surprisingly, fewNestin‐Cre lines have been characterized for their temporal and brain region‐specific recombination. In addition, some Nestin‐Cre lines express Cre outside the central nervous system, making it difficult to choose appropriate lines for targeting genes with brain region‐restricted expression. Here we describe the properties of a Nestin‐Cre transgenic line and its use for conditional deletions of Pitx2, a paired‐like homeodomain transcription factor. We report that Nestin‐Cre conditional Pitx2 mutant mice have ocular and craniofacial defects consistent with the role of human PITX2 in Rieger syndrome. Conditional mutants exhibit defects in midbrain neuronal development similar to those in Pitx2 homozygous null embryos, but lack the abnormalities in subthalamic nucleus neurons that occur with complete loss of Pitx2 function. These data indicate that normal differentiation of midbrain neurons depends upon adequate Pitx2 function during the period of active neurogenesis. genesis 44:336–344, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXXV. DISTANCES TO 1404 M DWARF SYSTEMS WITHIN 25 PC IN THE SOUTHERN SKY

We present trigonometric, photometric, and photographic distances to 1748 southern ( δ ≤ 0 ° ? > ) M dwarf systems with &mgr; ≥ 0 · ″ 18 ? > yr−1, of which 1404 are believed to lie within 25 pc of the Sun. The stars have 6.67 ≤ V J ≤ 21.38 ? > and 3.50 ≤ ( V J − K s ) ≤ 9.27 ? > , covering the entire M dwarf spectral sequence from M0.0 V through M9.5 V. This sample therefore provides a comprehensive snapshot of our current knowledge of the southern sky for the nearest M dwarfs that dominate the stellar population of the Galaxy. Roughly one-third of the 1748 systems, each of which has an M dwarf primary, have published high quality parallaxes, including 179 from the REsearch Consortium On Nearby Stars astrometry program. For the remaining systems, we offer photometric distance estimates that have well-calibrated errors. The bulk of these (∼700) are based on new V J R KC I KC ? > photometry acquired at the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9 m telescope, while the remaining 500 primaries have photographic plate distance estimates calculated using SuperCOSMOS B J R 59 F I IVN ? > photometry. Confirmed and candidate subdwarfs in the sample have been identified, and a census of companions is included.
Developing microbe–plant interactions for applications in plant‐growth promotion and disease control, production of useful compounds, remediation and carbon sequestration

Interactions between plants and microbes are an integral part of our terrestrial ecosystem. Microbe–plant interactions are being applied in many areas. In this review, we present recent reports of applications in the areas of plant‐growth promotion, biocontrol, bioactive compound and biomaterial production, remediation and carbon sequestration. Challenges, limitations and future outlook for each field are discussed.
A pilot study of myoelectrically controlled FES of upper extremity

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of upper limbs can be used for the recovery of some hand functions on patients with CNS lesions. This study deals with the control of FES by means of myoelectrical activity detected from voluntarily activated paretic muscles. The specific aim of this paper is to evaluate the accuracy of myoelectrical control in terms of produced force and movement. For this purpose, a specific device called myoelectrical controlled functional electrical stimulator (MeCFES) has been developed and applied to six tetraplegic patients with a spinal cord lesion and one stroke hemiplegic patient. Residual myoelectric signals from the paretic wrist extensor (m. extensor carpi radialis, ECR) have been used to control stimulation of either the wrist extension (i.e., the same muscle) or thumb flexion. A tracking test based on a visual feedback of the produced force or movement compared to a reference target trajectory was used to quantify control accuracy. A comparison was made between the tracking performances of each subject with and without the MeCFES and the learning process for two of the subjects were observed during consecutive sessions. Results showed that the wrist extension was improved in three out of five C5 SCI patients and the thumb flexion was largely increased in one incomplete C3 SCI patient. The hemiplegic patient showed limited thumb control with the MeCFES but indicated the possibility of a carry over effect. It was found that a low residual natural force resulted in a less accurate movement but also with a large increase (up to ten times) of the muscle output. On the contrary, persons with a medium residual force obtained a smaller amplification of muscle force with a higher tracking accuracy.
Posterior Cramér-Rao Bound for Acoustic Source Tracking in Reverberant Environments

The research presented in this paper is motivated by the desire to determine a lower bound on the estimation error for acoustic source localisation and tracking (ASLT) algorithms operating in reverberant conditions. The present work makes use of the so-called posterior Cramér-Rao bound (PCRB), a generalisation of the well-known Cramér-Rao bound theory that is directly applicable to this kind of target-tracking situation. To this purpose, we propose to represent the considered ASLT problem with a system model that accounts for the effects of the temporal correlation existing between sound intensity values measured in a reverberant sound field by means of a microphone array beamformer. We then investigate the tracking results obtained with an acoustic source localisation algorithm, based on the concept of particle filtering (PF), used in conjunction with the proposed system model. As a result of the PCRB derivations implicitly assuming statistical whiteness when considering the system and observation noise processes, the lower bound derived in this work remains unaffected by the level of correlation existing in the ASLT model. On the other hand, the tracking accuracy of the particle filter clearly degrades as the level of correlation in the sound intensity measurements increases. This result leads to the conclusion that the PCRB does not completely capture the sort of performance one is interested in for practical applications, and highlights the need for a different type of lower bound that would account for potentially non-white noise processes in the system model.
A Phyllotactic Approach to the Structure of Collagen Fibrils

Collagen fibrils, cable-like assemblies of long biological molecules, are dominant components of connective tissues. Their determinant morphological and functional roles motivated a large number of studies concerning their formation and structure. However, these two points are still open questions and, particularly, that of their organization which is certainly dense but not strictly that of a crystal. We examine here how the algorithm of phyllotaxis could contribute to the analysis of the structure of collagen fibrils. Such an algorithm indeed leads to organizations giving to each element of the assembly the most homogeneous and isotropic dense environment in a situation of cylindrical symmetry. The scattered intensity expected from a phyllotactic distribution of triple helices in collagen fibrils well agrees with the major features observed along the equatorial direction of their X ray patterns. Following this approach, the aggregation of triple helices in fibrils should be considered within the frame of soft condensed matter studies rather than that of molecular crystal studies.
4-Coumarate-CoA Ligase-Like Gene OsAAE3 Negatively Mediates the Rice Blast Resistance, Floret Development and Lignin Biosynthesis

Although adenosine monophosphate (AMP) binding domain is widely distributed in multiple plant species, detailed molecular functions of AMP binding proteins (AMPBPs) in plant development and plant-pathogen interaction remain unclear. In the present study, we identified an AMPBP OsAAE3 from a previous analysis of early responsive genes in rice during Magnaporthe oryzae infection. OsAAE3 is a homolog of Arabidopsis AAE3 in rice, which encodes a 4-coumarate-Co-A ligase (4CL) like protein. A phylogenetic analysis showed that OsAAE3 was most likely 4CL-like 10 in an independent group. OsAAE3 was localized to cytoplasm, and it could be expressed in various tissues. Histochemical staining of transgenic plants carrying OsAAE3 promoter-driven GUS (β-glucuronidase) reporter gene suggested that OsAAE3 was expressed in all tissues of rice. Furthermore, OsAAE3-OX plants showed increased susceptibility to M. Oryzae, and this finding was attributable to decreased expression of pathogen-related 1a (PR1) and low level of peroxidase (POD) activity. Moreover, OsAAE3 over-expression resulted in increased content of H2O2, leading to programmed cell-death induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, OsAAE3 over-expression repressed the floret development, exhibiting dramatically twisted glume and decreased fertility rate of anther. Meanwhile, the expressions of lignin biosynthesis genes were significantly decreased in OsAAE3-OX plants, thereby leading to reduced lignin content. Taken together, OsAAE3 functioned as a negative regulator in rice blast resistance, floret development, and lignin biosynthesis. Our findings further expanded the knowledge in functions of AMBPs in plant floret development and the regulation of rice-fungus interaction.
Adaptive search of background models for object detection in images taken by moving cameras

We propose a strategy of background subtraction for an image sequence captured by a moving camera. To adapt for camera motion, it is necessary to estimate the relation between consecutive frames in background subtraction. However, simple background subtraction using the relation between consecutive frames results in many false detections. We use re-projection error to handle this problem. The re-projection error has a low value in a background region. According to re-projection error, our method searches neighboring background models and tunes a threshold value for detection in order to reduce false detections. We evaluated the accuracy of detection of our method in experiments. Our method provided better detection than a method that does not search neighboring background models. Our method thus reduced the number of false detections.
Neural Correlates of Time Versus Money in Product Evaluation

The common saying “time is money” reflects the widespread belief in many people’s everyday life that time is valuable like money. Psychologically and neurophysiologically, however, these concepts seem to be quite different. This research replicates prior behavioral investigations by showing that merely mentioning “time” (compared to merely mentioning “money”) leads participants to evaluate a product more positively. Beyond this finding, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment provides novel insight into the neurophysiological underpinnings of this behavioral effect by showing that more positive product evaluations in the time primes (compared to money primes) are preceded by increased activation in the insula. Our data, therefore, support the idea of a time mindset that is different from a money mindset. Studies on the functional neuroanatomy of the insula have implicated this brain area in distinct but related psychological phenomena such as urging, addiction, loss aversion, and love. These functions imply greater personal connection between the consumer and a target subject or object and, thus, help explain why time-primed consumers rate products more positively.