Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recursive linear network modeling for detecting gas leak

In many industries, there are serious safety concerns related to the used of flammable gases in both indoor and outdoor environments. Any accidental and dispersion of toxic gases were always major hazards for public health and safety that industries had to deal with. Accident can happen due to many reasons, such as damaged pipes, leakage at storage tank, or while the gas being transport. For these reasons, it is crucial to develop reliable method of analyses of flammable gas release and dispersion. Relative mass loss of the leakage is introduced as the input for the simulation model and the data from the simulation model is taken at real time (on-line) to feed into the recursive algorithm. The objective of this paper is to describe the use of recursive solution in order to predict the release of mass flow rate using on-line data. Recursive Least Square (RLS) with different update scheme is used to predict the mass flow rate of the leakage and prediction error is observed. This paper proposed that, RLS algorithm model with Inversion Lemma update scheme can predict the release flow rate at very high accuracy comparatively and can to adopt the learning process very well.
Models of Metal-poor Stars with Gravitational Settling and Radiative Accelerations. II. The Age of the Oldest Stars

Isochrones for ages between 12 and 18 Gyr have been derived from the evolutionary tracks presented in Paper I (Richard et al.) for masses from 0.5 to 1.0 M☉ and initial chemical abundances corresponding to (1) Y = 0.2352, Z = 1.69 × 10-4 ([Fe/H] = -2.31, [α/Fe] = 0.3) and (2) Y = 0.2370, Z = 1.69 × 10-3 ([Fe/H = -1.31, [α/Fe] = 0.3). These are the first models for Population II stars in which both gravitational settling and radiative accelerations have been taken into account. Allowance for these diffusive processes leads to a 10%-12% reduction in age at a given turnoff luminosity. However, in order for the diffusive models to satisfy the constraints from Li and Fe abundance data (see Paper I) and to reproduce the observed morphologies of globular cluster (GC) color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) in a straightforward way, extra mixing just below the boundary of the convective envelope seems to be necessary. Indeed, when additional turbulent mixing is invoked, the resultant models are able to satisfy all of these constraints, as well as those provided by the CMDs of local subdwarfs, rather well. Moreover, they imply an age near 13.5 Gyr for M92, which is one of the most metal-deficient (and presumably one of the oldest) of the Galaxy's GCs, if the field subgiant HD 140283 is used to derive the cluster distance. Comparisons of field subdwarfs and subgiants with a recently published fiducial for M5 suggests that the cluster has [Fe/H] ≲ -1.4, in conflict with some estimates based on high-resolution spectroscopy, if the metallicities of the field stars are to be trusted. In addition, an age of ≈11.5 Gyr is found for M5, irrespective of whether diffusive or nondiffusive isochrones are employed in the analysis. The implications of our results for the extragalactic distance scale and for the Hubble constant are briefly discussed in the context of the presently favored ΩM ≈ 0.35, ΩΛ ≈ 0.65 cosmological model.
“There Are Many Social Evils...and Only We Can Cure It”: A Thematic Content Analysis of Privileged Indian Youth’s Perspective on Social Issues

This study aimed to investigate how socioeconomically privileged students at a private school in India understood social issues in their communities, and it explored whether their understanding of and discourse about working against social and economic oppression changed after they took a field trip to a nearby under-resourced village. The sample included 75 youth from high-income backgrounds in Bhubaneswar, India, most of whom reported never having spent time in a poverty-stricken village. Students responded in writing to reflection prompts before and after the field trip. Participants’ responses were thematically coded to capture their perspectives of social injustice and ideas of change. A codebook of participants’ reflections was then developed, consisting of thirty-five themes and seven overarching domains: (1) positionality; (2) discrimination; (3) structural issues; (4) village-level issues; (5) strategies for problem solving; (6) experiences of helping; and (7) reasons for or barriers to problem solving. Descriptive frequencies revealed the prevalence of themes before and after the field trip. Implications and limitations of the study and directions for future research on enhancing awareness of privilege and social oppression are discussed.
Archival Trustworthiness and Semantically Rich Feature Based Access in Legacy Scientific Relational Databases A

1. Overview and Phase I Timeline The IFRI database with 15 years of time series data about forests worldwide, together with the SES ontological framework that Elinor Ostrom is pioneering offers a rich application for computer and information science research investigation in two areas. The first investigates the in-situ archive as a software framework that brings archive functionality to the research lab. An in-situ archive operates hand in hand with a relational database to provide scientific databases with a solution to archiving that preserves as much of the application domain model as possible in order to allow familiar discovery and access processes over the archived copy. The second investigates how to provide semantically rich and feature based access to a legacy relational database.
Keys to the development of the role of grandparents in current Spanish society / Claves para el desarrollo del rol de abuelo y abuela en la sociedad española actual

Abstract Current demographic changes and work-family reconciliation difficulties in Spain have resulted in an increase in the arrangement of grandparents caring for their grandchildren. However, in order to ensure that the relationship between both generations is a privileged interaction that promotes successful ageing, furthering our knowledge of the challenges that this field of study faces is necessary. On this basis, the purpose of this article is to review the theories regarding this family relationship, which, together with the empirical research into this area, comprise the basis of a three-pronged proposal that includes the keys or challenges to studying the role of grandparents: (1) the heterogeneity and multidimensionality in the study of this role; (2) the complex interaction of positive and negative aspects that produce significant ambivalence in grandparents as a reaction to their experiences in this role; and (3) the influence of the baby boom generation grandparents’ new characteristics.
Perceptually lossless High Dynamic Range image compression with JPEG 2000

High Dynamic Range (HDR) technology offers high levels of immersion with a dynamic range meeting and exceeding that of the Human Visual System (HVS). A primary drawback of HDR images and video is that memory and bandwidth requirements are significantly higher than for conventional images and video. Many bits can be wasted coding redundant imperceptible information. The challenge is therefore to develop means for efficiently compressing HDR imagery to a manageable bit rate without compromising perceptual quality. In this paper, an HDR image compression method, based on an HVS optimized wavelet subband weighting method is proposed. The method has been fully integrated into a JPEG 2000 codec. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms previous approaches and operates in accordance with characteristics of the HVS, tested objectively using a HDR Visible Difference Predictor (VDP).
A revision of the genus Alvinocaris Williams and Chace (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Alvinocarididae), with descriptions of a new genus and a new species of Alvinocaris

The caridean shrimp genus Alvinocaris Williams and Chace, 1982 (Bresilioidea: Alvinocarididae) is revised based upon type material and newly obtained samples from various reducing environments of the deep‐sea floor of the world. All species are known from chemosynthetic communities associated with hydrothermal vents, brine or cold seeps. Eight named species are recognized in Alvinocaris, of which one is new, A. dissimilis sp. nov. from the hydrothermally influenced area of Minami‐Ensei Knoll, Mid‐Okinawa Trough. Alvinocaris dissimilis sp. nov. was confused with A. brevitelsonis in the original description of the latter species by Kikuchi and Hashimoto (2000). Seven previously described species (A. lusca Williams and Chace, 1982, A. markensis Williams, 1988, A. muricola Williams, 1988, A. stactophila Williams, 1988, A. longirostris Kikuchi and Ohta, 1995, A. brevitelsonis Kikuchi and Hashimoto, 2000, and A. williamsi Shank and Martin, 2003) are re‐described, and characters distinguishing these species are re‐assessed. Two species are confounded in the type series of A. stactophila Williams, 1988. The taxonomic status of the allotype of A. stactophila was not satisfactorily determined, as it appears to be an immature specimen. The geographic range of A. muricola, previously known only from cold seeps on the West Florida Escarpment, Gulf of Mexico, is greatly extended to the Barbados accretionary prism in the tropical western Atlantic and to the newly discovered seeps on the west equatorial African margin (Sibuet et al. 2002). In addition to these eight named species, five indeterminate or unnamed species of Alvinocaris have been reported, and most of them are under study by other authors. A new monotypic genus, Shinkaicaris, is established for Alvinocaris leurokolos Kikuchi and Hashimoto, 2000. The new genus is rather closer to Chorocaris Martin and Hessler, 1990, Opaepele Williams and Dobbs, 1995, and Rimicaris Williams and Rona, 1986 than to Alvinocaris in the structure of the eyes and the armament of the telson and pereopods. A key to aid in the identification of the eight species of Alvinocaris is given, although it is applicable only to adult specimens. The biogeography of Alvinocaris species is discussed.
A virtual network mapping algorithm based on subgraph isomorphism detection

Assigning the resources of a virtual network to the components of a physical network, called Virtual Network Mapping, plays a central role in network virtualization. Existing approaches use classical heuristics like simulated annealing or attempt a two stage solution by solving the node mapping in a first stage and doing the link mapping in a second stage. The contribution of this paper is a Virtual Network Mapping (VNM) algorithm based on subgraph isomorphism detection: it maps nodes and links during the same stage. Our experimental evaluations show that this method results in better mappings and is faster than the two stage approach, especially for large virtual networks with high resource consumption which are hard to map.
Negativity Bias, Time Spent on Mental Processing and Subjective Well Being

Background: Human beings, either because of evolutionary consequences, predispositions, upbringing or learning are more influenced by negative happenings or events as compared to positive ones. Though negativity bias is important for survival and while self-analysing we need to focus on our weaknesses, it is not clear whether this focus is serving a positive function. The study aimed to find out the relationship between the mental processing of strengths and weakness and the Subjective Well Being (SWB). Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken to understand the concept of negativity bias in undergraduate students aging 19-25 years. The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) was used to measure the SWB of the participants. Results: The results indicated that students take less time to tell their strengths and more time to talk about their weaknesses. The SWB of students who elaborate their weaknesses is low as compared to those who give one word or one sentence description. Conclusion: The elaboration of weaknesses is hampering our subjective well being.
Thermal Behavior and Free-Radical-Scavenging Activity of Phytic Acid Alone and Incorporated in Cosmetic Emulsions

Phytic acid is a natural compound widely used as depigmenting agent in cosmetic emulsions. Few studies are available in the literature covering the stability and the antioxidating property of this substance, used alone or into emulsions. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to investigate the thermal behavior and antioxidant properties of phytic acid alone and into cosmetic emulsions. The thermal behavior of this substance was evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG)/derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the free-radical-scavenging activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). TG/DTG and DSC curves allowed evaluation of the thermal behavior of phytic acid. These results showed that the substance presented four stages of mass loss. Thermal decomposition of the material initiated at 150 °C. Thermal behavior of the cosmetic emulsions detected that the addition of phytic acid decreased the thermal stability of the system. DPPH free-radical-scavenging activity showed that phytic acid incorporated into emulsion had no antioxidant capacity compared to BHT. In summary, we concluded that the thermoanalytical techniques (TG and DSC) were efficient and reliable in the characterization of phytic acid alone and incorporated into cosmetic emulsions.
New Bounds on the Betti Numbers of Semi-algebraic Sets and Arrangements of Real Algebraic Hypersurfaces

A classic result in real algebraic geometry due to Oleinik-Petrovsky, Thom and Milnor, bounds the topological complexity (the sum of the Betti numbers) of basic semi-algebraic sets. This bound is tight as one can construct examples having that many connected components. However, till now no signiicantly better bounds were known on the individual higher Betti numbers. In this paper we prove separate bounds on the diierent Betti numbers of basic semi-algebraic sets, as well as arrangements of algebraic hyper-surfaces. These are the rst results in this direction.
Symbolic Fault Simulation for Sequential Circuits and the Multiple Observation Time Test Strategy

Fault simulation for synchronous sequential circuits is a very time-consuming task. The complexity of the task increases if there is no information about the initial state of the circuit. In this case an unknown initial state is assumed which is usually handled by introducing a three-valued logic. As it is well-known fault simulation based on this logic only determines a lower bound of the fault coverage. Recently it has been shown that fault simulation based on the multiple observation time test strategy can improve the accuracy of the fault coverage. In this paper we describe how this strategy can be successfully implemented based on Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams. Our experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the fault simulation procedure developed.
Multi-class identification of driver's cognitive distraction with error-correcting output coding (ECOC) method

Human cognitive state monitoring is quite important for active safety which is a technology to prevent accidents. While driving, cognitive distraction like conversation or thoughts unrelated to driving has potential hazards. Identification of cognitive distraction has already been reported in literature. However, multi-class identification of cognitive distraction has yet to be reported. This paper suggests a multi-class identification with the Error-Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) method, which is one of the multi-class pattern recognition methods. Four sets of biological information are used as features for the identification of cognitive distraction. Two kinds of ECOC methods having different decoding rules were also compared. Consequently, higher identification capability of cognitive distraction was achieved. Finally, we discussed optimal combination of either two, three, or four feature sets and their implications.
SF-TAP: Scalable and Flexible Traffic Analysis Platform Running on Commodity Hardware

Application-level network traffic analysis and sophisticated analysis techniques such as machine learning and stream data processing for network traffic require considerable computational resources. In addition, developing an application protocol analyzer is a tedious and time-consuming task. Therefore, we propose a scalable and flexible traffic analysis platform (SF-TAP) that provides an efficient and flexible application-level stream analysis of high-bandwidth network traffic. Our platform's flexibility and modularity allow developers to easily implement multicore scalable application-level stream analyzers. Furthermore, SF-TAP is horizontally scalable and can therefore manage high-bandwidth network traffic. We achieve this scalability by separating network traffic based on traffic flows, forwarding the separated flows to multiple SF-TAP cells, each of which consists of a traffic capturer and application-level analyzers. In this study, we discuss the design and implementation of SF-TAP and provide details of its evaluation.
Teaching computer algorithms and data structures to students in engineering and the physical sciences

The author describes a new three credit-hour course at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM), MACS 410: Scientific Programming in C. This one-semester course is targeted for students in engineering or the physical sciences who have finished the CSM core courses in computing and not expect to either major or minor in CS. The purpose of the class is to teach the fundamentals of scientific computing, bring students up to speed in the C programming language, and introduce them to UNIX, and available software tools and techniques. Instruction relies on two novel techniques which are expected to be applicable to other colleges: (1) MACS 410 is taught as a laboratory course with in-class exercises on UNIX workstations, and (2) it uses the XTANGO X-11 based algorithm animation program for interactive computer-based instruction. <<ETX>>
BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN NEUROIMAGING AND NEURONAL PHYSIOLOGY

Despite the fact that blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have become ubiquitous and are of ever increasing importance for clinical and basic neurosciences, the fundamental relationships between BOLD and the underlying neuronal physiology are not understood. This raises severe concerns about the validity of BOLD contrast per se, and the conceptual frameworks currently employed in interpreting cognitive neuroimaging data. In order to expand the explanatory power of functional MRI data, several crucial questions will have to be addressed. The two most important questions are: First, what is the ultimate spatial resolution of fMRI? And secondly, what is the “neural correlate” of functional MRI? This article attempts to compile a series of results from our and other laboratories, suggesting that both the questions of “spatial specificity” and “neural correlate” might be within the reach of a tentative solution, thus finally bridging the gap between functional neuroimaging and neuronal physiology.
Effects of different cellulose membranes regenerated from Styela clava tunics on wound healing

The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of three different cellulose membranes (CMs) manufactured from Styela clava tunics (SCTs) on the healing of cutaneous wounds. We examined the physical properties and therapeutic effects of three CMs regenerated from SCTs (referred to as SCT- CMs), including normal CM (SCT-CM), freeze-dried SCT-CM (FSCT-CM) and sodium alginate-supplemented SCT-CM (ASCT-CM) on skin regeneration and angiogenesis using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. FSCT-CM exhibited an outstanding interlayered structure, a high tensile strength (1.64 MPa), low elongation (28.59%) and a low water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) compared with the other SCT-CMs, although the fluid uptake rate was maintained at a medium level. In the SD rats with surgically wounded skin, the wound area and score of wound edge were lower in the FSCT-CM-treated group than in the gauze (GZ)-treated group on days 3–6 and 12–14. In addition, a significant attenuation in the histopathological changes was observed in the FSCT-CM-treated group. Furthermore, the expression level of collagen-1 and the signaling pathway of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 were significantly stimulated by the topical application of FSCT-CM. However, no signs of toxicity were detected in the livers or kidneys of the three SCT-CM-treated groups. Overall, our data indicate that the FSCT-CM may accelerate the process of wound healing in the surgically wounded skin of SD rats through the regulation of angiogenesis and connective tissue formation without inducing any specific toxicity.
Automated Multi-Agent Search Using Centroidal Voronoi Configuration

This paper addresses the problem of automated multiagent search in an unknown environment. Autonomous agents equipped with sensors carry out a search operation in a search space, where the uncertainty, or lack of information about the environment, is known a priori as an uncertainty density distribution function. The agents are deployed in the search space to maximize single step search effectiveness. The centroidal Voronoi configuration, which achieves a locally optimal deployment, forms the basis for the proposed sequential deploy and search strategy. It is shown that with the proposed control law the agent trajectories converge in a globally asymptotic manner to the centroidal Voronoi configuration. Simulation experiments are provided to validate the strategy.
A Bank of Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) Estimators for Target Tracking

Nonlinear estimation problems, such as range-only and bearing-only target tracking, are often addressed using linearized estimators, e.g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF). These estimators generally suffer from linearization errors as well as the inability to track multimodal probability density functions. In this paper, we propose a bank of batch maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators as a general estimation framework that provides relinearization of the entire state trajectory, multihypothesis tracking, and an efficient hypothesis generation scheme. Each estimator in the bank is initialized using a locally optimal state estimate for the current time step. Every time a new measurement becomes available, we relax the original batch-MAP problem and solve it incrementally. More specifically, we convert the relaxed one-step-ahead cost function into polynomial or rational form and compute all the local minima analytically. These local minima generate highly probable hypotheses for the target's trajectory and hence greatly improve the quality of the overall MAP estimate. Additionally, pruning of least probable hypotheses and marginalization of old states are employed to control the computational cost. Monte Carlo simulation and real-world experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the standard EKF, the batch-MAP estimator, and the particle filter.
A Scale-Free Topology Construction Model for Wireless Sensor Networks

A local-area and energy-efficient (LAEE) evolution model for wireless sensor networks is proposed. The process of topology evolution is divided into two phases. In the first phase, nodes are distributed randomly in a fixed region. In the second phase, according to the spatial structure of wireless sensor networks, topology evolution starts from a network of very small size which contains the sink, grows with an energy-efficient preferential attachment rule in the new node's local-area, and stops until all nodes are connected into network. Both analysis and simulation results show that the degree distribution of LAEE follows the power law. The comparison shows that this topology construction model has better tolerance against energy depletion or random failure than other nonscale-free WSN topologies.