Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infinite RAAM : A Principled Connectionist Substrate for Cog nitive Modeling

Unification-based approaches have come to play an important role in both theoretical and applied modeling of cognitive p rocesses, most notably natural language. Attempts to model such processes using neural networks have met with some success, but have faced serious hurdles caused by the limita tions of standard connectionist coding schemes. As a contri bution to this effort, this paper presents recent work in Infi nite RAAM (IRAAM), a new connectionist unification model. Based on a fusion of recurrent neural networks with fractal geometry, IRAAM allows us to understand the behavior of these networks as dynamical systems. Using a logical programming language as our modeling domain, we show how this dynamical-systems approach solves many of the problem s faced by earlier connectionist models, supporting unificat ion over arbitrarily large sets of recursive expressions. We co nclude that IRAAM can provide a principled connectionist sub strate for unification in a variety of cognitive modeling domains. Language and Connectionism: Three
OCV-aware top-level clock tree optimization

The clock trees of high-performance synchronous circuits have many clock logic cells (e.g., clock gating cells, multiplexers and dividers) in order to achieve aggressive clock gating and required performance across a wide range of operating modes and conditions. As a result, clock tree structures have become very complex and difficult to optimize with automatic clock tree synthesis (CTS) tools. In advanced process nodes, CTS becomes even more challenging due to on-chip variation (OCV) effects. In this paper, we present a new CTS methodology that optimizes clock logic cell placements and buffer insertions in the top level of a clock tree. We formulate the top-level clock tree optimization problem as a linear program that minimizes a weighted sum of timing slacks, clock uncertainty and wirelength. Experimental results in a commercial 28nm FDSOI technology show that our method can improve post-CTS worst negative slack across all modes/corners by up to 320ps compared to a leading commercial provider's CTS flow.
Beta Process Multiple Kernel Learning

In kernel based learning, the kernel trick transforms the original representation of a feature instance into a vector of similarities with the training feature instances, known as kernel representation. However, feature instances are sometimes ambiguous and the kernel representation calculated based on them do not possess any discriminative information, which can eventually harm the trained classifier. To address this issue, we propose to automatically select good feature instances when calculating the kernel representation in multiple kernel learning. Specifically, for the kernel representation calculated for each input feature instance, we multiply it element-wise with a latent binary vector named as instance selection variables, which targets at selecting good instances and attenuate the effect of ambiguous ones in the resulting new kernel representation. Beta process is employed for generating the prior distribution for the latent instance selection variables. We then propose a Bayesian graphical model which integrates both MKL learning and inference for the distribution of the latent instance selection variables. Variational inference is derived for model learning under a max-margin principle. Our method is called Beta process multiple kernel learning. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on instance selection and its high discriminative capability for various classification problems in vision.
Why Radicalization Fails: Barriers to Mass Casualty Terrorism

ABSTRACT Few issues have garnered as much attention in recent years as the topic of violent extremism (VE). Although substantial attention has been devoted to investigating the radicalization process, few scholars have examined the obstacles that hinder VE radicalization. Based on in-depth life history interviews, the current study examines five types of barriers that hinder radicalization toward mass casualty violence (MCV): mass casualty violence as counter-productive; preference toward interpersonal violence, changes in focus and availability; internal organizational conflict; and moral apprehension. In general, we address each barrier’s unique contribution to hindering the likelihood of MCV. Finally, we discuss how our findings could be used as part of initiatives aimed at countering violent extremism (CVE).
The Weakest Failure Detector for Set-Agreement in Message-Passing Networks

Reaching agreement is one of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing. In the set-agreement problem, n processes try to agree on at most n − 1 different values. This paper determines the weakest failure detector for set-agreement in message-passing networks where processes may fail by crashing. The failure detector is called weak−FS and it returns at every invocation “go” or “wait”. It ensures that (1) there is at least one process where the output is always “wait”, and (2) if there is only one correct process, then the output at this process is eventually “go”.
A Systematic Methodology for Verifying Superscalar Microprocessors

We present a systematic approach to decompose and incrementally build the proof of correctness of pipelined microprocessors. The central idea is to construct the abstraction function by using completion functions, one per unfinished instruction, each of which specifies the effect (on the observables) of completing the instruction. In addition to avoiding the term size and case explosion problem that limits the pure flushing approach, our method helps localize errors, and also handles stages with interative loops. The technique is illustrated on pipelined and superscalar pipelined implementations of a subset of the DLX architecture. It has also been applied to a processor with out-of-order execution.
Detecting suicidal ideation in older patients: identifying risk factors within the general practice setting.

BACKGROUND GPs are the most frequently accessed health professional among suicidal individuals in the community. AIM To determine the prevalence of psychological distress and suicidal ideation among patients aged 60 years and older presenting to GPs, and the relationship between these variables in detecting patients who may be contemplating suicide. DESIGN OF STUDY Cross-sectional analysis of older patients presenting to Australian GPs between 2002 and 2003. SETTING One thousand and sixty-one consecutive patients aged 60 years or over attending one of 54 randomly selected Western Australian GPs. METHOD Prior to their medical consultation, patients completed a self-report questionnaire, which included questions about current suicidal ideation (Depressive Symptom Inventory Suicidality Subscale [DSI-SS]) and depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]). Patients' chief complaints were obtained from consultation summary sheets completed by their GP. RESULTS Although only 5.1% of patients presented with psychological complaints, 5.8% acknowledged current suicidal ideation and 23.8% had clinically significant levels of depressive symptomatology. Suicidal ideation was associated with CES-D scores greater than 16 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5 to 8.9), feelings of depression (OR = 7.7, 95% CI = 3.4 to 17.7), and previous suicide attempt (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 2.7 to 20.2) in a logistic regression model, but not with poor self-perceived health, use of licit drugs (smoking, alcohol, and hypnotics), or type of presenting complaint at the time of assessment. CONCLUSIONS Although older general practice patients tend to present for issues related to their physical health, approximately a quarter of this cohort also possess high levels of psychological distress, including current thoughts of suicide. Older patients who show any signs of depression or distress should be asked about psychological symptoms, including suicidal ideation.
Waterborne iron acquisition by a freshwater teleost fish, zebrafish Danio rerio

SUMMARY Waterborne iron accumulation by the gills of the zebrafish Danio rerio was assessed in ion-poor water. Branchial iron uptake, which comprises both the iron that has entered the gill cells and iron that is strongly bound to the epithelia, has high- and low-affinity components. At low nominal [Fe] (<40 nmol l-1) the high-affinity component demonstrated saturation kinetics, with an apparent Km of 5.9 nmol l-1 Fe and Vmax of 2.1 pmol g-1 h-1. Over a range of higher nominal [Fe] (40-200 nmol l-1), branchial uptake was linear. In the presence of 2μ mol l-1 of the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT), branchial iron accumulation was significantly enhanced at [Fe]>15 nmol l-1. The proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A significantly reduced iron uptake in the presence of DTT. On the basis of these observations we conclude that branchial iron uptake at low [Fe] shows characteristics similar to those of other iron-transporting epithelia, coupling an apical membrane ferric reductase to a Fe2+/H+ symporter. Zebrafish branchial iron transport at 18.6 nmol l-1 was inhibited by 200 nmol l-1 Cd2+. But, unlike other Fe2+/H+ symporters, iron uptake was not affected by other divalent metals (Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+). Zebrafish loaded with 59Fe from the water showed a loss of 7.9 pmol Fe g-1 body mass over the first day and a further loss of 5.7 pmol Fe g-1 body mass over the following 28 days. The depuration kinetics followed a two-component exponential model; for the short-lived component, t1/2=0.31 days, and for the long-lived component, t1/2=13.2 days. The daily iron loss by zebrafish can be compensated by iron uptake at exceedingly low water iron concentrations (uptake rate at 1.625 nmol l-1 Fe=0.425 pmol g-1 h-1), demonstrating that uptake of iron from the water is potentially an important source of this nutritive metal in freshwater teleost fish.
Optimal control policies for a periodic review inventory system with emergency orders

We describe a periodic review inventory system where emergency orders, which have a shorter supply lead time but are subject to higher ordering cost compared to regular orders, can be placed on a continuous basis. We consider the periodic review system in which the order cycles are relatively long so that they are possibly larger than the supply lead times. Study of such systems is important since they are often found in practice. We assume that the difference between the regular and emergency supply lead times is less than the order-cycle length. We develop a dynamic programming model and derive a stopping rule to end the computation and obtain optimal operation parameters. Computational results are included that support the contention that easily implemented policies can be computed with reasonable effort. q 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 187 - 204, 1998 Several studies in the literature address this problem. These studies divide into two groups: policy-evaluation studies and policy-optimization studies. The former assume a particular policy form and devise methods for evaluating it, while the latter compute the true optimal policy and solve specific instances of the problem under consideration. While the optimization results are stronger, the policy-evaluation studies typically use simpler policies and broader assumptions. This paper contributes to the optimization literature, and the model here is more general than those of early studies.
Peritoneal Lavage Cells of Indonesian Thin-Tail Sheep Mediate Antibody-Dependent Superoxide Radical Cytotoxicity In Vitro against Newly Excysted Juvenile Fasciola gigantica but Not Juvenile Fasciola hepatica

ABSTRACT Indonesian thin-tail (ITT) sheep resist infection by Fasciola gigantica by an immunological mechanism within 2 to 4 weeks of infection yet are susceptible to F. hepatica infection. Studies of ITT sheep show that little liver damage occurs following F. gigantica infection, suggesting that the invading parasites are killed within the peritoneum or shortly after reaching the liver. We investigated whether cells isolated from the peritoneums of ITT sheep could kill newly excysted juvenile F. gigantica in vitro and act as a potential mechanism of resistance against F. gigantica infection. Peritoneal cells from F. gigantica-infected sheep, rich in macrophages and eosinophils, mediated antibody-dependent cytotoxicity against juvenile F. gigantica in vitro. Cytotoxicity was dependent on contact between the parasite and effector cells. Isolated mammary gland eosinophils of F. gigantica-infected sheep, or resident peritoneal monocytes/macrophages from uninfected sheep, also killed the juvenile parasites in vitro. By using inhibitors, we show that the molecular mechanism of killing in these assays was dependent on the production of superoxide radicals by macrophages and eosinophils. In contrast, this cytotoxic mechanism was ineffective against juvenile F. hepatica parasites in vitro. Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA levels showed that activity and gene expression were higher in F. hepatica than in F. gigantica, suggesting a possible role for this enzyme in the resistance of F. hepatica to superoxide-mediated killing. We suggest that ovine macrophages and eosinophils, acting in concert with a specific antibody, may be important effector cells involved in the resistance of ITT sheep to F. gigantica.
A Relation between the Resonance Neutron Peak and ARPES Data in Cuprates

We argue that the resonant peak observed in neutron scattering experiments on superconducting cuprates and the peak/dip/hump features observed in ARPES measurements are byproducts of the same physical phenomenon. We argue that both are due to feedback effects on the damping of spin fluctuations in a $d-$wave superconductor. We consider the spin-fermion model at strong coupling, solve a set of coupled integral equations for fermionic and bosonic propagators and show that the dynamical spin susceptibility below $T_c$ possesses the resonance peak at $\Omega_{res} \propto \xi^{-1}$. The scattering of these magnetic excitations by electrons gives rise to a peak/dip/hump behavior of the electronic spectral function, the peak-dip separation is exactly $\Omega_{res}$.
Nested Transactions : Semantics and Support

We describe semantics for serializable (safe) open nested transactions. Given these semantics, we then suggest hardware necessary to support them directly. We further consider some useful, but not serializable, applications for open nesting, and their hardware implications. We focus primarily on linear nesting, which we previously argued to be more amenable to hardware support than the general case.
Acetylcholineestarase-Inhibiting Alkaloids from Lycoris radiata Delay Paralysis of Amyloid Beta-Expressing Transgenic C. elegans CL4176

The limited symptom relief and side effects of current Alzheimer’s disease (AD) medications warrant urgent discovery and study of new anti-AD agents. The “cholinergic hypothesis” of AD prompts us to search for plant-derived acetylcholineesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as galanthamine that has been licensed in Europe for AD treatment. We used the unique amyloid β-expressing transgenic C. elegans CL4176, which exhibits paralysis when human Aβ1–42 is induced, to study two natural benzylphenethylamine alkaloids isolated from Lycoris radiata (L’ Her.) Herb, galanthamine and haemanthidine, and their synthetic derivatives 1,2-Di-O-acetyllycorine and 1-O-acetyllycorine for their anti-paralysis effects. Our data indicate that these Lycoris compounds effectively delay the paralysis of CL4176 worms upon temperature up-shift, and prolong the lives of these transgenic worms. Lycoris compounds were shown to significantly inhibit the gene expression of ace-1 and ace-2. Additionally, the Lycoris compounds may modulate inflammatory and stress-related gene expressions to combat the Aβ-toxicity in C. elegans.
Improved Gait Speed After Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Patients With Motor Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Preliminary Study

Objective To evaluate the clinical features that could serve as predictive factors for improvement in gait speed after robotic treatment. Methods A total of 29 patients with motor incomplete spinal cord injury received 4-week robot-assisted gait training (RAGT) on the Lokomat (Hocoma AG, Volketswil, Switzerland) for 30 minutes, once a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 20 sessions. All subjects were evaluated for general characteristics, the 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), the Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS), the Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury version II (WISCI-II), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Spinal Cord Independence Measure version III (SCIM-III) every 0, and 4 weeks. After all the interventions, subjects were stratified using the 10MWT score at 4 weeks into improved group and non-improved group for statistical analysis. Results The improved group had younger age and shorter disease duration than the non-improved group. All subjects with the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale level C (AIS-C) tetraplegia belonged to the non-improved group, while most subjects with AIS-C paraplegia, AIS-D tetraplegia, and AIS-D paraplegia belonged to the improved group. The improved group showed greater baseline lower extremity strength, balance, and daily living function than the non-improved group. Conclusion Assessment of SCIM-III, BBS, and trunk control, in addition to LEMS, have potential for predicting the effects of robotic treatment in patients with motor incomplete spinal cord injury.
The functions of external voices in hard news Appraisal: A dialogic perspective

Abstract This paper discusses the interaction between voices in the so-called Appraisal satellite, a section in the generic structure of hard news concerned with evaluation (White, 1998). The discussion focuses primarily on the interplay between external voices brought into the discourse by various forms of presentation, i.e. forms of reporting the language of others (Semino and Short, 2004); in addition, the paper touches upon the interplay between external voices and the internal authorial voice of the journalist. External voices are considered in terms of the function they fulfil in hard news Appraisal. Prototypically, external voices serve as the main source of evaluation but also fulfil various subsidiary roles; for instance, voices serve as the target of evaluation, express attitude, and provide a summary, background information and justification. Correspondences are found between voice functions and forms of presentation. Voice functions are interpreted from a dialogic perspective, more specifically in terms of their potential to expand and contract the established dialogic space (Martin and White, 2005).
An Initial Approach to Reuse Non-Functional Requirements Knowledge

Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) can be seen as qualities that software should deliver to cope with the stakeholders' demands. NFRs are fuzzy in nature and hence hard to identify. Despite the fact that both developers and users may value NFRs, they frequently do not identify the need for an NFR. Even when an NFR is identified as required, possible solutions to implement this NFR may be hard to fig- ure out. Furthermore, interdependencies among NFRs may implicate that a solution for one NFR may, at the same time, bring synergy to one NFR while conflicting with another. One approach to deal with that is to use Softgoal Interdependency Graphs (SIG) to capture knowledge describing alternatives to implement NFRs. We have ob- tained empirical evidence that using catalogues can help eliciting NFRs despite the fact that catalogues do not scale too well. To address this question, we have investi- gated the use of ontologies and semantic web techniques to represent SIGs in a ma- chine readable format. We have produced a tool (NDR) that starts to use these con- cepts. In its current form, the NDR tool only allows very basic queries done manual- ly. The NDR tool is part of the NDR framework which will facilitate the reuse of NFR knowledge on Alternatives to incorporate NFRs into the design of target sys-
Optimizing a High-Order Graphic Equalizer for Audio Processing

A high-order graphic equalizer has the advantage that the gain in one band is highly independent of the gains in the adjacent bands. However, all practical filters have transition bands, which interact with the adjacent bands and create errors in the desired magnitude response. This letter proposes a filter optimization algorithm for a high-order graphic equalizer, which minimizes the errors in the transition bands by iteratively optimizing the orders of adjacent band filters. The optimization of the filter order affects the shape of the transition band, thus enabling the search for the optimum shape relative to the adjacent filter. The optimization is done offline, and during filtering only the gains of the band filters are altered. In an example case, the proposed method was able to meet the given peak-error limitations of ±2 dB, when the total order of the graphical equalizer was 328, whereas the non-optimized filter could not meet the requirements even when the total order was raised to 672. Optimized high-order graphical equalizers can be widely used in audio signal processing applications.
Key Management Schemes in Wireless Sensor Networks

Key establishment in sensor networks is a challenging problem because existing security schemes are unsuitable for use in resource constrained sensor nodes, and also because the nodes could be physically compromised by an adversary. In this paper two key establishment scheme are presented using the framework of pre-distributing a random set of keys to each node. One is the random-pairwise key scheme, which perfectly preserves the secrecy of the rest of the network when any node is captured, and also enables node-to-node authentication(EG SCHEME) and other is EG SCHEME with deployment knowledge) and going to compare the basic scheme(EG SCHEME) with the deployment model(EG SCHEME with deployment knowledge). Keywords— sensor nodes, security, random key predistribution, deployment knowledge.
Discovering linguistic knowledge by converting printed dictionaries of minority languages into machine readable dictionaries

The goal of the project presented in this paper is to explore the linguistic knowledge hidden in printed dictionaries of minority languages. Firstly, the printed dictionary has to be converted into a machine readable dictionary. The second step is to make use of existing language processing tools to discover the hidden knowledge. To illustrate the proposed idea, a version of an English-Penan dictionary is used as the case-study. It appears that even with a small amount of data, some interesting information, like the first list of functional words, some collocations, and an insight of the morphological structure of the Penan language can be discovered.
Diameter-based accounting management for wireless services

Accounting is an essential task for commercial service usage, determining the collection of metered data and correlating it into accounting records. The accounting data generated, describing the service usage of users, serves as input for the subsequent charging process. Because of the diversity of IP-based services and the variety of network technologies, a generic accounting management is required, specifically tailored to user and provider needs. A mobile and multi-domain environment determines additional challenges. This work defines a generic, technology-, and service-independent configuration management of accounting in a mobile, heterogeneous, and multi-provider environment. The proposed accounting process enables a user-and service-specific accounting configuration. It is based on the diameter protocol, specifying required extensions, which include new commands and attribute-value-pairs