Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mental Imagery of Faces and Places Activates Corresponding Stimulus-Specific Brain Regions

What happens in the brain when you conjure up a mental image in your mind's eye? We tested whether the particular regions of extrastriate cortex activated during mental imagery depend on the content of the image. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we demonstrated selective activation within a region of cortex specialized for face perception during mental imagery of faces, and selective activation within a place-selective cortical region during imagery of places. In a further study, we compared the activation for imagery and perception in these regions, and found greater response magnitudes for perception than for imagery of the same items. Finally, we found that it is possible to determine the content of single cognitive events from an inspection of the fMRI data from individual imagery trials. These findings strengthen evidence that imagery and perception share common processing mechanisms, and demonstrate that the specific brain regions activated during mental imagery depend on the content of the visual image.
Time-dependent comparative evaluation of some important biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats: an aid in diagnosis

Abstract Objective: The study focuses on time-dependent comparative evaluation of various biomarkers of acute cyanide poisoning in rats. Methods: Blood gas (analyzer), lactate, pyruvate, cyanide, thiocyanate (spectrophotometer) and 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid (ATCA; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) in plasma or urine, and various physiological parameters (polygraph) were measured. Results: Cyanide poisoning was characterized by elevated lactate, cyanide, thiocyanate and ATCA concentrations in plasma up to 15 min, 4, 16 and 24 h, respectively, while high urinary thiocyanate and ATCA levels were measured between 4 and 24 h. Conclusion: ATCA concentration in plasma and urine was found to be more reliable indicator of cyanide poisoning.
Operator Profit-Aware Wireless Virtualization for Device-to-Device Communications Underlaying LTE Networks

This paper investigates the operator profit from virtual resource allocation in device-to-device (D2D) communications underlaying long-term evolution networks. By utilizing the power-bandwidth product model as the metric of operator cost, the virtual resource allocation is formulated as a binary integer programming to maximize the difference between the sum rate of all the users and the consumed resources. To reduce the complexity, the formulated problem is decomposed to two subproblems, and for each subproblem, a heuristic algorithm is proposed to transfer the complexity of exponent into polynomial. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is close to the optimal solution with lower complexity. Meanwhile, it also outperforms the benchmark in terms of the total profit, and enables the desired tradeoff between the operator cost and sum rate of both cellular and D2D users.
Geographical information science: geostatistics and uncertainty

The previous progress report on geographical information science (GIS) (Atkinson, 1997) reviewed a wide range of developments in GIS that occurred in or were published in 1996. The coverage was relatively broad since the report prior to that appeared in 1993 and there was great diversity to include. However, given the limited space available for reports, wide coverage can be superficial. With this in mind, the present report focuses on one aspect of GIS of great importance: the assessment and modelling of uncertainty in spatial databases. In particular, the focus of this report is on the geostatistical assessment of uncertainty.
Prediction of human pharmacokinetics—evaluation of methods for prediction of hepatic metabolic clearance

Methods for prediction of hepatic clearance (CLH) in man have been evaluated. A physiologically‐based in‐vitro to in‐vivo (PB‐IVIV) method with human unbound fraction in blood (fu,bl) and hepatocyte intrinsic clearance (CLint)‐data has a good rationale and appears to give the best predictions (maximum ∼2‐fold errors; < 25% errors for half of CL‐predictions; appropriate ranking). Inclusion of an empirical scaling factor is, however, needed, and reasons include the use of cryopreserved hepatocytes with low activity, and inappropriate CLint‐ and fu,bl‐estimation methods. Thus, an improvement of this methodology is possible and required. Neglect of fu,bl or incorporation of incubation binding does not seem appropriate. When microsome CLint‐data are used with this approach, the CLH is underpredicted by 5‐ to 9‐fold on average, and a 106‐fold underprediction (attrition potential) has been observed. The poor performance could probably be related to permeation, binding and low metabolic activity. Inclusion of scaling factors and neglect of fu,bl for basic and neutral compounds improve microsome predictions. The performance is, however, still not satisfactory. Allometry incorrectly assumes that the determinants for CLH relate to body weight and overpredicts human liver blood flow rate. Consequently, allometric methods have poor predictability. Simple allometry has an average overprediction potential, > 2‐fold errors for ∼1/3 of predictions, and 140‐fold underprediction to 5800‐fold overprediction (potential safety risk) range. In‐silico methodologies are available, but these need further development. Acceptable prediction errors for compounds with low and high CLH should be ∼50 and ∼10%, respectively. In conclusion, it is recommended that PB‐IVIV with human hepatocyte CLint and fu,bl is applied and improved, limits for acceptable errors are decreased, and that animal CLH‐studies and allometry are avoided.
Population pharmacokinetics of epinastine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, in adults and children.

AIMS Our objective was to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model for epinastine, a histamine H(1) receptor antagonist, in adults and children and to obtain pharmacokinetic information to support dosing recommendations in children. METHODS A total of 1510 plasma samples were collected from 62 healthy adult volunteers and 62 paediatric atopic dermatitis patients. The data were analysed using the NONMEM program according to a two-compartment model with first-order absorption. In addition, the final PPK model was evaluated by means of bootstrapping resampling. RESULTS The oral clearance (CL/F) was found to be associated with body weight, formulation and food status. The volume of distribution of the central compartment (V(1)/F) was related to body weight and food status. An absorption lag time was apparent in fed subjects. On the other hand, other covariates (formulation on V(1)/F, volume of distribution of the peripheral compartment (V(2)/F), first-order absorption rate constant (Ka) and absorption lag time (ALAG); food status on V(2)/F and Ka; body weight on V(2)/F) were not statistically significant. No effect of age on CL/F, V(1)/F or V(2)/F was found. The mean parameter estimates obtained with an additional 200 bootstrap replicates of data were within 90-117% of those obtained with the original data set. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of epinastine are similar in adults and in children, except for the effect of the difference of body weight. The result of the application of the PPK model to the clinical trial in paediatric patients, in which dosage was determined based on the body weight (from 14 kg to less than 24 kg; 10 mg dose, 24 kg or more; 20 mg dose), showed that the C(max) and AUC (25.6 +/- 6.9 ng ml(-1) and 246.8 +/- 68.2 ng h ml(-1)) were almost same levels with those of adults after administration of 20 mg (26.9 +/- 9.1 ng ml(-1) and 281.6 +/- 90.5 ng h ml(-1)). CONCLUSIONS A PPK model for epinastine was established and further evaluation by bootstrapping indicated that this model is stable. The model shows that, if dosage is adjusted based on the body weight, the epinastine exposure in paediatric patients is similar to that in adults.
Theoretical modeling issue in active noise control for a one-dimensional acoustic duct system

The theoretical modeling of active noise control for an acoustic duct system is discussed. A Partial Differential Equation (PDE) model with external inputs for the acoustic duct is first developed by following the physical acoustic propagation principles. Then this PDE model is converted into an infinite dimensional complex-valued state space model using the variable separation technique under the assumption that the acoustic terminal impedance is constant. The assumed acoustic impedance can be estimated using the experimental system identification method. By combining the acoustic duct model with the model of the canceling loudspeaker module, in which the acoustic coupling between the acoustic duct and the loudspeaker is also explicitly modeled, a mathematical model for the entire one-dimensional active duct noise control system is obtained and validated. The developed model provides a solid and sufficient platform for design of active noise control using advanced filtering technique, advanced control techniques and development of virtual sensors as well.
Agreement Among Stepfamily Members

Abstract Despite a paucity of empirical evidence, theorists have continued to emphasize the importance of agreement among members of a stepfamily. It is argued here that methodological considerations, particularly regarding approaches to the statistical modeling of agreement, have interfered with an accumulation of empirical evidence which supports or refutes this assumption. A critique of a number of commonly used modeling approaches is presented and several new approaches that are accessible to researchers through recently developed software packages are offered as alternatives.
How to win arguments

This entertaining work, sprinkled with illustrative real-life anecdotes, is a comprehensive guide to the techniques, rhetorical devices and principles of successful argumentation. The author, a debater since age thirteen, has lectured widely. Publisher of the National Review, Rusher is also a television commentator and syndicated columnist. Originally published by Doubleday in 1981.
The Cumulative Impacts of Climate Change and Land Use Change on Water Quantity and Quality in the Narragansett Bay Watershed

Elisabeth Hamin, for their guidance in constructing the project and for posing important questions that helped drive the design of the project. I would especially like to thank Tim Randhir for working with me to build the model. I would also like to thank Nancy Sammons and Raghavan Srinivasan for their extensive support in troubleshooting problems with the model. Their willingness to take time to field questions and examine my model inputs for errors was pivotal to the success of the project. I also thank the contributors to the ArcSWAT Google Group who shared their expertise on SWAT, ArcSWAT and SWAT-CUP. Thank you to the College of Natural Sciences, Dean Martha Baker and Deborah McCutchen for proving me a means to fund my graduate studies. Finally, I would like to thank all my peers in my graduate cohort for their support, encouragement and occasional commiseration. Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, is a valuable natural resource that suffers summer hypoxic events resulting from over a century of cultural eutrophication. Current efforts to reduce nitrogen loading from wastewater treatment facilities discharging into the Bay and its tributaries hold the promise of working towards ecological restoration. But, the efficacy of these efforts may be limited, or undone, if future changes in climate or land use increase nutrient and sediment loads to the Bay. This study developed a SWAT model of the upper Narragansett Bay watershed to simulate water quantity and quality. The baseline model was calibrated and validated to accurately reflect watershed behavior. I then used the model to simulate water quantity and quality under an altered climate, with an IPCC projected increase in temperature of 3°C and a 10% increase in precipitation by 2080. A second scenario incorporated projected 2080 land use in the absence of climate change. The third scenario combined the climate change and land use change alterations to examine cumulative impacts. A comparison of scenario outputs against the baseline simulation highlighted the expected impacts climate change and land use change will have on the watershed. Both climate v change and land use change demonstrated impacts on surface runoff, water yield, PET and ET, streamflow, and loading of sediment, organic N, organic P and nitrate. Climate impacts were much greater than land use impacts, but land use impacts displayed greater regional variation. The results of the combined simulation indicate that future climate and land use change will likely negatively impact the …
Graph-Driven Feature Extraction From Microarray Data Using Diffusion Kernels and Kernel CCA

We present an algorithm to extract features from high-dimensional gene expression profiles, based on the knowledge of a graph which links together genes known to participate to successive reactions in metabolic pathways. Motivated by the intuition that biologically relevant features are likely to exhibit smoothness with respect to the graph topology, the algorithm involves encoding the graph and the set of expression profiles into kernel functions, and performing a generalized form of canonical correlation analysis in the corresponding reproducible kernel Hilbert spaces. Function prediction experiments for the genes of the yeast S. Cerevisiae validate this approach by showing a consistent increase in performance when a state-of-the-art classifier uses the vector of features instead of the original expression profile to predict the functional class of a gene.
Word Count : 8 , 085 Frontal Lobes and Memory Retrieval 1 Memory Retrieval and the Functional Organiza tion of Frontal Cortex

Controlling access to memory allows us to recover task-relevant information and to relate it to our decisions, actions, and goals. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging evidence suggests that memory control includes multiple component processes that depend on different regions of prefrontal cortex (PFC). Here, we highlight the distinction between PFC networks involved in controlling retrieval versus post-retrieval control operations. Whereas a ventral retrieval pathway that includes the anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) can elaborate and structure inputs to influence memory retrieval, a more dorsal network that includes mid-VLPFC and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) acts post-retrieval to select appropriate representations, set decision criteria, and monitor the outcome of retrieval. PFC interacts with a broad network of brain regions through neural oscillations to coordinate memory retrieval.
Pb-free microelectronics assembly in aerospace applications

The commercial microelectronics industry is rapidly implementing Pb-free assembly strategy. This trend is driven by existing and proposed legislation in Europe and Japan, which has already led a number of firms (including AT&T, IBM, Motorola, HP and Intel) to adopt Pb-free implementation programs. This is another sign that the microelectronics industry has become truly global. Following Moore's law, progress in microelectronics is brisk but not uniform: in many cases, commercial industry is ahead of the aerospace sector in technology. Progress by commercial industry, along with cost, drives the use of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) parts for military and space applications. We can thus anticipate that the aerospace industry, would be forced to use Pb-free components and subsystems as part of their standard business practices.
A comparison of two techniques for bibliometric mapping: Multidimensional scaling and VOS

VOS is a new mapping technique that can serve as an alternative to the well-known technique of multidimensional scaling. We present an extensive comparison between the use of multidimensional scaling and the use of VOS for constructing bibliometric maps. In our theoretical analysis, we show the mathematical relation between the two techniques. In our experimental analysis, we use the techniques for constructing maps of authors, journals, and keywords. Two commonly used approaches to bibliometric mapping, both based on multidimensional scaling, turn out to produce maps that suffer from artifacts. Maps constructed using VOS turn out not to have this problem. We conclude that in general maps constructed using VOS provide a more satisfactory representation of a data set than maps constructed using well-known multidimensional scaling approaches.
The effect of the work environment and performance-based self-esteem on cognitive stress symptoms among Danish knowledge workers

Aims: Interpersonal relations at work as well as individual factors seem to play prominent roles in the modern labour market, and arguably also for the change in stress symptoms. The aim was to examine whether exposures in the psychosocial work environment predicted symptoms of cognitive stress in a sample of Danish knowledge workers (i.e. employees working with sign, communication or exchange of knowledge) and whether performance-based self-esteem had a main effect, over and above the work environmental factors. Methods: 349 knowledge workers, selected from a national, representative cohort study, were followed up with two data collections, 12 months apart. We used data on psychosocial work environment factors and cognitive stress symptoms measured with the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ), and a measurement of performance-based self-esteem. Effects on cognitive stress symptoms were analyzed with a GLM procedure with and without adjustment for baseline level. Results: Measures at baseline of quantitative demands, role conflicts, lack of role clarity, recognition, predictability, influence and social support from management were positively associated with cognitive stress symptoms 12 months later. After adjustment for baseline level of cognitive stress symptoms, follow-up level was only predicted by lack of predictability. Performance-based self-esteem was prospectively associated with cognitive stress symptoms and had an independent effect above the psychosocial work environment factors on the level of and changes in cognitive stress symptoms. Conclusions: The results suggest that both work environmental and individual characteristics should be taken into account in order to capture sources of stress in modern working life.
Directing user attention via visual flow on web designs

We present a novel approach that allows web designers to easily direct user attention via visual flow on web designs. By collecting and analyzing users' eye gaze data on real-world webpages under the task-driven condition, we build two user attention models that characterize user attention patterns between a pair of page components. These models enable a novel web design interaction for designers to easily create a visual flow to guide users' eyes (i.e., direct user attention along a given path) through a web design with minimal effort. In particular, given an existing web design as well as a designer-specified path over a subset of page components, our approach automatically optimizes the web design so that the resulting design can direct users' attention to move along the input path. We have tested our approach on various web designs of different categories. Results show that our approach can effectively guide user attention through the web design according to the designer's high-level specification.
Reasoning about Meaning in Natural Language with Compact Closed Categories and Frobenius Algebras

Abstract. Compact closed categories have found applications in modeling quantum information protocols by Abramsky-Coecke. They also provide semantics for Lambek's pregroup algebras, applied to formalizing the grammatical structure of natural language, and are implicit in a distributional model of word meaning based on vector spaces. Specifically, in previous work Coecke-Clark- Sadrzadeh used the product category of pregroups with vector spaces and provided a distributional model of meaning for sentences. We recast this theory in terms of strongly monoidal functors and advance it via Frobenius algebras over vector spaces. The former are used to formalize topological quantum field theories by Atiyah and Baez-Dolan, and the latter are used to model classical data in quantum protocols by Coecke-Pavlovic-Vicary. The Frobenius algebras enable us to work in a single space in which meanings of words, phrases, and sentences of any structure live. Hence we can compare meanings of different language constructs and enhance the applicability of the theory. We report on experimental results on a number of language tasks and verify the theoretical predictions. Introduction. Compact closed categories were first introduced by Kelly [19] in early 1970's. Some thirty years later they found applications in quantum mechanics [1], whereby the vector space foundations of quantum mechanics were recasted in a higher order language and quantum protocols such as teleportation found succinct conceptual proofs. Compact closed categories are complete with regard to a pictorial calculus [19, 35]; this calculus is used to depict and reason about information flows in entangled quantum states modeled in tensor spaces, the phenomena that were considered to be mysteries of quantum mechanics and the Achilles heel of quantum logic [4]. The pictorial calculus revealed the multi-linear algebraic level needed for proving quantum information protocols and simplified the reasoning thereof to a great extent, by hiding the underlying additive vector space structure. Most quantum protocols rely on classical, as well as quantum, data flow. In the work of [1], this classical data flow was modeled using bi-products defined over a compact closed category. However, the pictorial calculus could not extend well to bi-products, and their categorical axiomatization was not as clear as the built-in monoidal tensor of the category.
Interaction of Rotaviruses with Hsc 70 during Cell Entry Is Mediated by VP 5

Rotavirus infection seems to be a multistep process in which the viruses are required to interact with several cell surface molecules to enter the cell. The virus spike protein VP4, which is cleaved by trypsin into two subunits, VP5 and VP8, is involved in some of these interactions. We have previously shown that the neuraminidase-sensitive rotavirus strain RRV initially attaches to a sialic acid-containing cell molecule through the VP8 subunit of VP4 and subsequently interacts with integrin 2 1 through VP5. After these initial contacts, the virus interacts with at least two additional proteins located at the cell surface, the integrin v 3 and the heat shock cognate protein Hsc70. In this work, we have shown that rotavirus RRV and its neuraminidaseresistant variant nar3 interact with Hsc70 through a VP5 domain located between amino acids 642 and 658 of the protein. This conclusion is based on the observation that a recombinant protein comprising the 300 carboxy-terminal amino acids of VP5 binds specifically to Hsc70 and a synthetic peptide containing amino acids 642 to 658 competes with the binding of the RRV and nar3 viruses to the heat shock protein. The VP5 peptide also competed with the binding to Hsc70 of the recombinant VP5 protein, and an antibody to Hsc70 reduced the binding of the recombinant protein to the surface of MA104 cells. The fact that the synthetic peptide blocks the infectivity of rotaviruses RRV and nar3 but not their binding to cells indicates that the interaction of VP5 with Hsc70 most probably occurs at a postattachment step during the virus entry process.