Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BRIEF REPORT: Impaired flexible item selection task (FIST) in school-age children with autism spectrum disorders

Cognitive flexibility has been measured with inductive reasoning or explicit rule tasks in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Flexible Item Selection Task (FIST) differs from previous cognitive flexibility tasks in ASD research by giving children an abstract, ambiguous rule to switch. The ASD group (N=22; Mean age=8.28 years, SD=1.52) achieved a lower shift percentage than the typically developing verbal mental-age control group (N=22; Mean age=6.26 years, SD=0.82). There was a significant positive correlation between verbal mental age and shift percentage for children with ASD. Group differences on the FIST converge and extend prior evidence documenting an impaired ability to adapt rapidly to changes in task demands for individuals with ASD.
In vivo photoacoustic tomography of chemicals: high-resolution functional and molecular optical imaging at new depths.

High-resolution volumetric optical imaging modalities, such as confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, and optical coherence tomography, have become increasingly important in the biomedical imaging field. However, due to strong light scattering, the penetration depths of these imaging modalities are limited to the optical transport mean free path in biological tissues, for example, ∼1 mm in the skin. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), an emerging hybrid imaging modality that can provide strong endogenous and exogenous optical absorption contrasts with high ultrasonic spatial resolution using the photoacoustic (PA) effect, has overcome the fundamental depth limitation. The image resolution is scalable with the ultrasonic frequency. The imaging depth is limited to the reach of photons and up to a few centimeters deep in biological tissues. This Review will focus on the following aspects of PAT described in works published from 2003 to 2009: (1) multiscale PAT systems, (2) morphological and functional PAT using intrinsic contrasts (hemoglobin or melanin), and (3) functional and molecular PAT using exogenous contrast agents (organic dyes, nanoparticles, reporter genes, or fluorescence proteins).
The automatic processes of earthquake-related stimulus: Comparison at different time points after the Wenchuan earthquake

Trauma experience not only could predict long-term physical and mental health problems, but also could have impact on the cognitive processes. Modified Stroop task and subliminal masked priming task were used to examine the automatic cognitive processing of earthquake-related stimulus (disaster-related, rescue-related, and earthquake-unrelated words) of healthy undergraduates at one month and two years since the Wenchuan earthquake happened, who came from the worst-hit areas of the Wenchuan earthquake. The results showed that the earthquake interference effects were showed in modified Stroop task and reversed priming effects were found in subliminal masked priming task at one month after the Wenchuan earthquake. However, two years later, earthquake interference effects and reversed priming effects were not found in the same experiments. The results showed the automatic cognitive processing of healthy subjects experienced trauma was affected by the earthquake episodic memory, and these interference effects were weakened with the passage of time.
On Using Two-Phase Filtering in Indexed Approximate String Matching with Application to Searching Unique Oligonucleotides

We discuss using an indexing scheme to accelerate approximate search over a static text in the case of using unit cost edit distance as the measure of similarity between strings. First we generally consider the filtering criteria that can be used as a basis for the index, and then propose using filtering twice before the final checking phase. The last part consists of presenting an indexed approximate string matching application in bioinformatics, which is the search of unique oligonucleotides. We present practical comparisons and results for using different filtering schemes in this application. Our tests have involved a total of 15 different genomes, from which we present some results involving the largest two of these: The genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) and a recent draft of the human genome, the latter being also the main target of the application.
A scalable, configurable, SOA-compatible vehicle exhausts surveillance and management system

In order to protect people's health, to increase supervision and management efficiency and transparency on motor vehicle exhaust emissions, this paper presents a scalable, configurable, SOA-compatible Vehicle Exhausts Surveillance and Management System (VESMS). The system architecture and implementation are described in detail. Technologies such as server virtualization, Internet Communication Engine, Web services, Windows Workflow Foundation and plug-in based device access are used to create a novel e-Government system with openness, scalability and business agility.
Antitumor Activity of a 5-Hydroxy-1H-Pyrrol-2-(5H)-One-Based Synthetic Small Molecule In Vitro and In Vivo

Alternative chemo-reagents are in great demand because chemotherapy resistance is one of the major challenges in current cancer treatment. 5-hydoxy-1H-pyrrol-2-(5H)-one is an important N-heterocyclic scaffold that is present in natural products and medicinal chemistry. However, its antitumor activity has not been systematically explored. In this study, we screened a panel of 5-hydoxy-1H-pyrrol-2-(5H)-one derivatives and identified compound 1d as possessing strong anti-proliferative activity in multiple cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed that 1d can induce S-phase cell cycle arrest and that HCT116 was sensitive to 1d-induced apoptosis. Further analysis indicated that 1d preferentially induced DNA damage and p53 activation in HCT116 cells and that 1d-induced apoptosis is partly dependent on p53. Furthermore, we showed that 1d significantly suppressed tumor growth in xenograft tumor models in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that 5-hydoxy-1H-pyrrol-2-(5H)-one derivatives bear potential antitumor activity and that 1d is an effective agent for cancer treatment.
Impact of Competition Between ISPs on the Net Neutrality Debate

Network neutrality is the topic of a vivid and very sensitive debate, in both the telecommunication and political worlds, because of its potential impact in everyday life. That debate has been raised by Internet Service Providers (ISPs), complaining that content providers (CPs) congest the network with insufficient monetary compensation, and threatening to impose side payments to CPs in order to support their infrastructure costs. While there have been many studies discussing the advantages and drawbacks of neutrality, there is no game-theoretical work dealing with the observable situation of competitive ISPs in front of a (quasi-)monopolistic CP. Though, this is a typical situation that is condemned by ISPs, and, according to them, another reason of the non-neutrality need. We develop and analyze here a model describing the relations between two competitive ISPs and a single CP, played as a three-level game corresponding to three different time scales. At the largest time scale, side payments (if any) are determined. At a smaller time scale, ISPs decide their (flat-rate) subscription fee (toward users), then the CP chooses the (flat-rate) price to charge users. Users finally select their ISP (if any) using a price-based discrete choice model, and decide whether to also subscribe to the CP service. The game is analyzed by backward induction. As a conclusion, we obtain among other things that non-neutrality may be beneficial to the CP, and not necessarily to ISPs, unless the side payments are decided by ISPs.
An improved pedestrian detection algorithm based on Adaboost cascading stucture

Pedestrian detection is a very difficulty in Intelligence Traffic System (ITS). For more rapid detecting pedestrian, given that Adaboost algorithm has features of simpleness, reliability and high learning accuracy, and this paper proposed a real-time detection approach based on Adaboost. Firstly, adopt section-distribute model to detect the region with pedestrian in the frame of the video, then analyze the candidate regions, and determine whether it is pedestrian or not. Therefore, we need use more features to implement pedestrian modeling. This paper took the characteristics of rectangular edge description method as a reference to analyze the characteristics of pedestrian attitudes and gained new features - triangle characteristics. Through training with Adaboost algorithm to get an ideal and high accuracy recognition pedestrian classifier. Upon this basis, this paper improved the strategy of sample weight adjustment, reducing the phenomenon of overfitting. The experiment result shows, the approach can help to rapidly and precisely detect pedestrian online, and be more real-time.
E-Cigarettes for Immediate Smoking Substitution in Women Diagnosed with Cervical Dysplasia and Associated Disorders

The aim of this study was to determine if 31 women with cervical dysplasia and associated conditions exacerbated by smoking would be successful substituting cigarettes with their choice of either nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or electronic cigarettes (EC). Women received motivational interviewing and tried both NRT and ECs, choosing one method to use during a six-week intervention period. Daily cigarette consumption was measured at baseline, six, and 12 weeks, with differences analyzed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Study analysis consisted only of women choosing to use ECs (29/31), as only two chose NRT. At the 12-week follow-up, the seven day point prevalence abstinence from smoking was 28.6%, and the median number of cigarettes smoked daily decreased from 18.5 to 5.5 (p < 0.0001). The median number of e-cigarette cartridges used dropped from 21 at the six-week follow-up to 12.5 at the 12-week follow-up. After initiating EC use, women at risk for cervical cancer were able to either quit smoking or reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Although a controlled trial with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these initial results, this study suggests that using ECs during quit attempts may reduce cigarette consumption.
Random current testing for CMOS logic circuits by monitoring a dynamic power supply current

Assuming a stuck-at type fault, the authors discuss current testing for CMOS logic circuits where the random patterns generated by a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) are applied, and a dynamic power supply current is monitored. The LFSR is modified such that there exists a feedback from the outputs of a circuit under test to the LSFR. This modification is intended for amplifying the effect of a fault near a primary output on the dynamic current. In order to distinguish the dynamic current of a faulty circuit from the one of a fault-free circuit, two methods are discussed. One is the method where the waveform of the dynamic current is recognized using a neural network, and the other is the method where the mean dynamic current is calculated. Simulation results show that a high fault coverage can be obtained using a small number of test vectors. <<ETX>>
Antigenic Peptide Immunodominant Melan-A/MART-1 HLA-A*0201-Restricted CTL Specific for the Diversity of the Fine Specificity Displayed by

HLA-A*0201 melanoma patients often develop a CTL response to an immunodominant peptide derived from the melanocyte lineage-speciﬁc protein Melan-A/MART-1. We have shown previously that the antigenic peptide most often involved is the decapeptide Melan-A 26–35 (EAAGIGILTV). We also observed some clonal diversity in the ﬁne speciﬁcity of Melan-A-speciﬁc CTL. To substantiate this observation, we have now tested a series of Melan-A 26–35 variant peptides containing single alanine substi-tutions for binding to HLA-A*0201 and recognition by polyclonal and monoclonal Melan-A-speciﬁc CTL. Substitution of several residues with alanine reduced peptide binding activity by > 10-fold. In contrast, substitution of E26 with alanine (AAAGIGILTV) resulted in a 5-fold higher binding activity as well as in stronger stability of the corresponding HLA-A*0201/peptide complexes. Interestingly, the peptide variant AAAGIGILTV was recognized more efﬁciently than the natural decapeptide by short term cultured, tumor-inﬁltrated lymph node cell cultures and a number of Melan-A-speciﬁc CTL clones derived from different indi-viduals. Moreover, this analysis revealed that the ﬁne speciﬁcity of the CTL response to the Melan-A immunodominant epitope is quite diverse at the clonal level. At least three distinct patterns of ﬁne speciﬁcity were identiﬁed. This diversity appears to reﬂect the diversity of the TCR repertoire available for this Ag, since similar results were obtained with a panel of Melan-A-speciﬁc CTL clones derived from a single melanoma patient. These ﬁndings have important implications for the formulation of Melan-A peptide-based vaccines as well as for the monitoring of Melan-A-speciﬁc CTL responses in melanoma patients. The Journal of Immunology, 1998, 161: 6956–6962.
Multi-label Fault Classification Experiments in a Chemical Process

The methodology of multi-label classification is experimentally evaluated in the context of a chemical process where the occurrence of multiple faults is a plausible scenario. As a benchmark, the Tennessee Eastman simulator is used. Modifications to the source code of this system were made in order to permit the simultaneous existence of different faulty machine states. In this work, the method of dependent binary relevance is compared to the binary relevance in terms of the subset accuracy performance criterion, since in a complexly coupled chemical process the dependence of certain fault classes should reveal.
Response properties of vibrissa units in rat SI somatosensory neocortex.

1. Glass microelectrodes were used to record extracellular responses from 308 SI cortical neurons to deflections of the contralateral vibrissae in 21 unanesthetized, paralyzed rats. Controlled deflections of individual hairs were produced by means of an electromechanical stimulator. Fast green dye marks were made to aid histological reconstructions of electrode tracks. 2. TS) were observed throughout layers II--VI; "fast" cortical spikes (FS) were less frequently encountered and largely restricted to layer IV. Although both types of potentials had similar negative-positive waveforms. FSs were distinguished from RSs by their comparatively rapid time course, about half that of RSs. RS units (RSU) discharged spontaneously at rates of less than 1--15/s, whereas FS units (FSU) displayed rates of 15--50/s. The amplitudes of FSs, which were generally smaller than those of RSs, often decreased during high-frequency discharges. 3. With sinusoidal oscillations of a vibrissa FSUs responded more reliably and over a broader range of frequencies (3 to at least 40 Hz) than did RSUs , particularly in layer IV. In addition, FSUs typically responded to whisker deflections over a range of 360 degrees, whereas many RSUs in layer IV displayed sharp spatial-tuning charcteristics, responding over a restricted range of less than 90 degrees. 4. Of all units, 58% responded preferentially to stimulus transients (vibrissal movements), 32% displayed sustained responses to stimulus stead-states (fixed vibrissal displacement). For the remaining 10% of units the appropriate stimulus could not be specified; these units were particularly common in layer V. 5. Computation of quantitative stimulus-response relations showed that many units increased their rate of discharge with increasing stimulus intensities. 6. Most units were directionally selective, responding preferentially to deflections of a whisker in one or more of four quadrants. 7. In radial penetrations through the cortex there was a columnar patern so that units were activated at least by the same (i.e., the "principal") whisker. In a number of cases these could be directly correlated with the barrels. Of all units, 55% responded to deflections of single vibrissa only, the remaining 45% to 2--12 adjacently situated vibrissae. For most multiple-whiser units the responses elicited by deflection of any one hair activating the neuron was qualitatively similar to those elicited by deflection of any other hair activating it. The principal whisker of the penetration was typically associated with the most vigorous responses. 8. In layer IV, 85% of neurons responded to deflections of one hair only, the remaining 15% to two or more hairs. In layers II and III 39% of units were activated by more than one vibrissa; in layers V and VI multiple-whisker units predominated (64%). Whisker configurations in the deep layers were larger than those in other layers. 9.
A Scheduling Strategy Supporting OpenMP Task on Heterogeneous Multicore

One of the most important topics in software industry is how to utilize the OpenMP 3.0 programming model to improve the execution of irregular and unstructured applications. In this paper, we present an original task scheduling strategy-Hybrid strategy, which is suited to the execution of OpenMP programs on Cell heterogeneous multicore. Hybrid scheduling strategy creates tasks in breadth-first order while executes tasks in work-first fashion during application execution. The former is capable of creating enough tasks, which prevents the worker threads from idling. While the latter guarantees task dependence is freed quickly and consequently, the overhead with respect to task searching is significant decreased. The evaluation, with a variety of Barcelona OpenMP Task Suite, is conducted on a PS3 heterogeneous multicore. And the experimental results indicate that Hybrid policy outperforms the existing work-first and breadth-first scheduling strategies for most irregular and unstructured benchmarks, with speedups from 1.5 to 4.6 when 6 SPEs are used.
K-Nearest Neighbor query processing methods in road network space: Performance evaluation

The road network now opens a new application area for the classic k-NN queries, which retrieve k objects closest to a given query point. There are many previous methods for k-NN query processing. However, all of them are not sufficient in experimental evaluation of performance. In this paper, we present the way that extensively evaluates prior methods for processing of k-NN queries. To achieve this goal, we first describe well-known previous methods for retrieving k objects closest to a given query point. Next, we establish the criteria against which previous methods have been evaluated for k-NN query processing. Last, we build the experiment environment using the real network data and then perform extensive performance evaluation.
Impact of actual interference on capacity and call admission control in a CDMA network.

An overwhelming number of models in the literature use average inter-cell interference for the calculation of capacity of a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network. The advantage gained in terms of simplicity by using such models comes at the cost of rendering the exact location of a user within a cell irrelevant. We calculate the actual per-user interference and analyze the effect of user-distribution within a cell on the capacity of a CDMA network. We show that even though the capacity obtained using average interference is a good approximation to the capacity calculated using actual interference for a uniform user distribution, the deviation can be tremendously large for non-uniform user distributions. Call admission control (CAC) algorithms are responsible for efficient management of a network's resources while guaranteeing the quality of service and grade of service, i.e., accepting the maximum number of calls without affecting the quality of service of calls already present in the network. We design and implement global and local CAC algorithms, and through simulations compare their network throughput and blocking probabilities for varying mobility scenarios. We show that even though our global CAC is better at resource management, the lack of substantial gain in network throughput and exponential increase in complexity makes our optimized local CAC algorithm a much better choice for a given traffic distribution profile.
Implementation of classifiers for choosing insurance policy using decision trees: a case study

In this paper, we use decision trees to establish the decision models for insurance purchases. Five major types of insurances are involved in this study including life, annuity, health, accident, and investment-oriented insurances. Four decision tree methods were used to build the decision models including Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (ECHAID), Classification and Regression Tree (CRT), and Quick-Unbiased-Efficient Statistical Tree (QUEST). Six features were selected as the inputs of the decision trees including age, sex, annual income, educational level, occupation, and risk preference. Three hundred insurants from an insurance company in Taiwan were used as examples for establishing the decision models. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the decision trees. The first one used the purchase records of primary insurances as examples. The second one used the purchase records of primary insurances and additional insurances. Each experiment contained four rounds according to different partitions of training sets and test sets. Discussion and concluding remarks are finally provided at the end of this paper.
Low-Complexity Distributed Total Least Squares Estimation in Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Total least squares (TLS) estimation is a popular solution technique for overdetermined systems of linear equations with a noisy data matrix. In this paper, we revisit the distributed total least squares (D-TLS) algorithm, which operates in an ad hoc network, where each node has access to a subset of the linear equations. The D-TLS algorithm computes the TLS solution of the full system of equations in a fully distributed fashion (without fusion center). To reduce the large computational complexity due to an eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) at every node and in each iteration, we modify the D-TLS algorithm based on inverse power iterations (IPIs). In each step of the modified algorithm, a single IPI is performed, which significantly reduces the computational complexity. We show that this IPI-based D-TLS algorithm still converges to the network-wide TLS solution under certain assumptions, which are often satisfied in practice. We provide simulation results to demonstrate the convergence of the algorithm, even when some of these assumptions are not satisfied.
Role for Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons in Switching from Automatic to Controlled Eye Movement

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) of the basal ganglia is an important element of motor control. This is demonstrated by involuntary movements induced by STN lesions and the successful treatment of Parkinson's disease by STN stimulation. However, it is still unclear how individual STN neurons participate in motor control. Here, we report that the STN has a function in switching from automatic to volitionally controlled eye movement. In the STN of trained macaque monkeys, we found neurons that showed a phasic change in activity specifically before volitionally controlled saccades which were switched from automatic saccades. A majority of switch-related neurons were considered to inhibit no-longer-valid automatic processes, and the inhibition started early enough to enable the animal to switch. We suggest that the STN mediates the control signal originated from the medial frontal cortex and implements the behavioral switching function using its connections with other basal ganglia nuclei and the superior colliculus.