Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Finite Volume Numerical Methods for Aeroheating Rate Calculations from Infrared Thermographic Data

The use of multidimensional finite volume heat-conduction techniques for calculating aeroheating rates from measured global surface temperatures on hypersonic wind-tunnel models was investigated. Both direct and inverse finite volume techniques were investigated and compared with the standard one-dimensional semi-infinite technique. Global transient surface temperatures were measured using an infrared thermographic technique on a 0.333-scale model of the Hyper-X forebody in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air tunnel. In these tests the effectiveness of vortices generated via gas injection for initiating hypersonic transition on the Hyper-X forebody was investigated. An array of streamwise-orientated heating striations was generated and visualized downstream of the gas injection sites. In regions without significant spatial temperature gradients, one-dimensional techniques provided accurate aeroheating rates. In regions with sharp temperature gradients caused by striation patterns, multidimensional heat-transfer techniques were necessary to obtain more accurate heating rates. The use of the one-dimensional technique resulted in differences of ′20% in the calculated heating rates compared to two-dimensional analysis because it did not account for lateral heat conduction in the model.
“What Did She Say? What Did She Say?” the Impact of Interpretation on Recruiting and Interviewing European Migrant Women in the United Kingdom

Although a few researchers mention that involving interpreters can have an impact on the research process and research findings, little is published regarding methods of assessing the interpretation work's quality and impact. The impact of lay volunteer interpreters used in audiorecorded semistructured interviews on collecting data and the data quality and subsequent analysis is examined. A new systematic approach is presented comparing original interview transcripts (conducted with volunteer interpreters) with independent transcripts, reinterpretations by professional interpreters. Findings indicate that involving volunteer interpreters had an impact on the validity and reliability of a portion of the data, the subsequent analysis, and some practical research aspects. Researchers involving interpreters should pay careful attention to the interpreters' influence on the research, the data produced, and critically bring this to bear in their analysis and interpretation. The systematic comparative approach is a cost-effective tool that can be used successfully to examine the influence's effects.
Task-Independent Features for Automated Essay Grading

Automated scoring of student essays is increasingly used to reduce manual grading effort. State-of-the-art approaches use supervised machine learning which makes it complicated to transfer a system trained on one task to another. We investigate which currently used features are task-independent and evaluate their transferability on English and German datasets. We find that, by using our task-independent feature set, models transfer better between tasks. We also find that the transfer works even better between tasks of the same type.
AMPA‐receptor activation regulates the diffusion of a membrane marker in parallel with dendritic spine motility in the mouse hippocampus

Dendritic spines are the site of most excitatory connections in the hippocampus. We have investigated the diffusibility of a membrane‐bound green fluorescent protein (mGFP) within the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane using Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching. In dendritic spines the diffusion of mGFP was significantly retarded relative to the dendritic shaft. In parallel, we have assessed the motility of dendritic spines, and found an inverse correlation between spine motility and the rate of diffusion of mGFP. We then tested the influence of glutamate receptor activation or blockade, and the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton (using latrunculin A) on spine motility and mGFP diffusion. These results show that glutamate receptors regulate the mobility of molecules in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane through an action upon the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting a novel mechanism for the regulation of postsynaptic receptor density and composition.
Contribution of Water from Food and Fluids to Total Water Intake: Analysis of a French and UK Population Surveys

Little has been published on the contribution of food moisture (FM) to total water intake (TWI); therefore, the European Food Safety Authority assumed FM to contribute 20%–30% to TWI. The aim of the present analysis was to estimate and compare TWI, the percentage of water from FM and from fluids in population samples of France and UK. Data from 2 national nutrition surveys (Enquête Comportements et Consommations Alimentaires en France (CCAF) 2013 and the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2008/2009–2011/2012) were analyzed for TWI and the contribution of water from FM and fluids. Children and adults TWI were significantly lower in France than in the UK. The contribution of water from foods was lower in the UK than in France (27% vs. 36%). As TWI increased, the proportion of water from fluids increased, suggesting that low drinkers did not compensate by increasing intake of water-rich foods. In addition, 80%–90% of the variance in TWI was explained by differences in water intake from fluids. More data on the contribution of FM to TWI is needed to develop more robust dietary recommendations on TWI and guidance on fluid intake for the general public.
Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Integrated on Field-Emission Diode

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) deposited by electrophoresis on a free-standing thin metal film edge are demonstrated. These CNTs act as electron field emitter which was integrated on the cathode of the field-emission vacuum diode. This diode exhibits a low reverse leakage current (<10-11) with high on-off ratio of 106. Owing to the low turn-on voltage of the nanosized CNTs, the field-emission diode exhibited less power consumption compared with the conventional vacuum-tube diode. Electronic tests of this vacuum diode perform its fast switching speed ability and high voltage rectification. This approach presents a route to use nanomaterials with a microelectromechanical system process to develop high-speed vacuum microelectronics.
Research on Question Classification Method of Tibetan Online Automatic Question-Answering System

This paper mainly describes the question classification method of Tibetan online automatic question-answering system. As each type of question is designed of certain matching rules, if a question and a rule matches, this question belongs to the corresponding answer category. Therefore, the use of this strategy can reduce the search space and improve the efficiency of information retrieval. In particular, using this method in the Tibetan question-answering system can effectively improve people to obtain more accurate information.
Toxicokinetics of Nortriptyline and Amitriptyline: Two Case Reports

Two cases are presented of intentional intoxications with the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) nortriptyline (NT) and amitriptyline (AT). The peak plasma concentrations were 2290 &mgr;g/L and 2900 &mgr;g/L, respectively. The active metabolites E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (EHNT) and Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline (ZHNT) profiles were quite different as monitored for 5 to 10 days after presumed drug intake. In conclusion, these cases illustrate that (1) metabolite formation and elimination after intake of an overdose dose of NT and AT are stereoselective, and (2) NT and EHNT toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics are quite different. It also shows that a patient with a severe TCA overdose can still survive if he or she receives appropriate and quick supportive care, even if the prognostic markers QRS time, coma grade, and serum TCA levels predict poor outcome.
Combining Computational Modeling and Neuroimaging to Examine Multiple Category Learning Systems in the Brain

Considerable evidence has argued in favor of multiple neural systems supporting human category learning, one based on conscious rule inference and one based on implicit information integration. However, there have been few attempts to study potential system interactions during category learning. The PINNACLE (Parallel Interactive Neural Networks Active in Category Learning) model incorporates multiple categorization systems that compete to provide categorization judgments about visual stimuli. Incorporating competing systems requires inclusion of cognitive mechanisms associated with resolving this competition and creates a potential credit assignment problem in handling feedback. The hypothesized mechanisms make predictions about internal mental states that are not always reflected in choice behavior, but may be reflected in neural activity. Two prior functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of category learning were re-analyzed using PINNACLE to identify neural correlates of internal cognitive states on each trial. These analyses identified additional brain regions supporting the two types of category learning, regions particularly active when the systems are hypothesized to be in maximal competition, and found evidence of covert learning activity in the “off system” (the category learning system not currently driving behavior). These results suggest that PINNACLE provides a plausible framework for how competing multiple category learning systems are organized in the brain and shows how computational modeling approaches and fMRI can be used synergistically to gain access to cognitive processes that support complex decision-making machinery.
Bringing up Baby : The Effect of Jealousy on Men ’ s and Women ’ s Parenting Interest and Investment Expectations

The current research uses insights from evolutionary psychology and social cognition to explore the relationship between jealousy – both experimentally activated and chronically accessible – on men’s and women’s desire to start a family and invest in children. In our first two studies, primed infidelity threat led chronically jealous men and women to report a decreased interest in infants (Study 1) and decreased happiness upon receiving pregnancy news (Study 2) relative to controls. Study 3 demonstrated sex-differentiated effects of jealousy on men’s and women’s desired level of parental investment, with infidelity threat decreasing desired investment among chronically jealous men – but not women. Results provide novel empirical support for the hypothesis that jealousy functions to attenuate the reproductive costs associated with partner infidelity.
Imprinting Capacity of Gamete Lineages in Caenorhabditis elegans

We have observed a gamete-of-origin imprinting effect in C. elegans using a set of GFP reporter transgenes. From a single progenitor line carrying an extrachromosomal unc-54::gfp transgene array, we generated three independent autosomal integrations of the unc-54::gfp transgene. The progenitor line, two of its three integrated derivatives, and a nonrelated unc-119:gfp transgene exhibit an imprinting effect: single-generation transmission of these transgenes through the male germline results in ∼1.5- to 2.0-fold greater expression than transmission through the female germline. There is a detectable resetting of the imprint after passage through the opposite germline for a single generation, indicating that the imprinted status of the transgenes is reversible. In cases where the transgene is maintained in either the oocyte lineage or sperm lineage for multiple, consecutive generations, a full reset requires passage through the opposite germline for several generations. Taken together, our results indicate that C. elegans has the ability to imprint chromosomes and that differences in the cell and/or molecular biology of oogenesis and spermatogenesis are manifest in an imprint that can persist in both somatic and germline gene expression for multiple generations.
Advanced power management techniques: going beyond intelligent shutdown

Well into the System-on-Chip era, power consumption has emerged as one of the most critical challenges to design complexity scaling. Moving from a critical assessment of current technologies and architectures, we survey the distinguishing features of a design methodology that aims at energy consumption reduction, under guaranteed quality of service (QoS), as a main objective in system design.
A Sufficient Condition for Backtrack-Free Search

A constraint satisfaction problem revolves finding values for a set of variables subject to a set of constraints (relations) on those variables Backtrack search is often used to solve such problems. A relationship involving the structure of the constraints is described which characterizes to some degree the extreme case of mimmum backtracking (none) The relationship involves a concept called "width," which may provide some guidance in the representation of constraint satisfaction problems and the order m which they are searched The width concept is studied and applied, in particular, to constraints which form tree structures.
HMM-based speech synthesiser using the LF-model of the glottal source

A major factor which causes a deterioration in speech quality in HMM-based speech synthesis is the use of a simple delta pulse signal to generate the excitation of voiced speech. This paper sets out a new approach to using an acoustic glottal source model in HMM-based synthesisers instead of the traditional pulse signal. The goal is to improve speech quality and to better model and transform voice characteristics. We have found the new method decreases buzziness and also improves prosodic modelling. A perceptual evaluation has supported this finding by showing a 55.6% preference for the new system, as against the baseline. This improvement, while not being as significant as we had initially expected, does encourage us to work on developing the proposed speech synthesiser further.
Conceptions on Low Motivation of Engineers in Engineering Workplace of Pakistan

Motivation plays paramount role for engineers at workplace in order to increase workplace productivity of organizations. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether engineers of Pakistan are motivated to perform workplace jobs effectively at workplace. Thirty engineers from two engineering organizations of Pakistan participated in this study. Data were collected through questionnaire survey and semi structured interviews. Purposive sampling method was used for data collection purpose since respondents were drawn on specific criteria of engineers with minimum 5 years work experience. Data were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) in order to draw percentages for agreement and disagreement of engineers for low motivation at workplace. Qualitative data were analyzed using data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing and verification method as suggested by (Miles and Huberman, 1994). Open coding (Richards, 2005; Strauss and Corbin, 1998; Patton, 2002) and content analysis approach was used (Miles and Huberman, 1994). The results of the study indicated that engineers face low motivation at workplace. The findings of the study can be used as a guideline to motivate engineers in order to increase workplace productivity of organizations.
On the Dynamics of the Human Spine : Towards Mechanical Characterizations of Back Pain and its Treatments

In this paper, recent research efforts by the authors and their research groups to develop and analyze a range of models for the human spine are discussed. These models range from rod-based models, to multibody and OpenSim-based models, and are motivated by a desire to improve our understanding of lower back pain and its treatments. These models are complimented by a new spine testing facility which enables validation of several aspects of the models.
An Integrative Computational Framework Based on a Two-Step Random Forest Algorithm Improves Prediction of Zinc-Binding Sites in Proteins

Zinc-binding proteins are the most abundant metalloproteins in the Protein Data Bank where the zinc ions usually have catalytic, regulatory or structural roles critical for the function of the protein. Accurate prediction of zinc-binding sites is not only useful for the inference of protein function but also important for the prediction of 3D structure. Here, we present a new integrative framework that combines multiple sequence and structural properties and graph-theoretic network features, followed by an efficient feature selection to improve prediction of zinc-binding sites. We investigate what information can be retrieved from the sequence, structure and network levels that is relevant to zinc-binding site prediction. We perform a two-step feature selection using random forest to remove redundant features and quantify the relative importance of the retrieved features. Benchmarking on a high-quality structural dataset containing 1,103 protein chains and 484 zinc-binding residues, our method achieved >80% recall at a precision of 75% for the zinc-binding residues Cys, His, Glu and Asp on 5-fold cross-validation tests, which is a 10%-28% higher recall at the 75% equal precision compared to SitePredict and zincfinder at residue level using the same dataset. The independent test also indicates that our method has achieved recall of 0.790 and 0.759 at residue and protein levels, respectively, which is a performance better than the other two methods. Moreover, AUC (the Area Under the Curve) and AURPC (the Area Under the Recall-Precision Curve) by our method are also respectively better than those of the other two methods. Our method can not only be applied to large-scale identification of zinc-binding sites when structural information of the target is available, but also give valuable insights into important features arising from different levels that collectively characterize the zinc-binding sites. The scripts and datasets are available at http://protein.cau. edu.cn/zincidentifier/.
Polynomial time quantum algorithms for certain bivariate hidden polynomial problems

We present a new method for solving the hidden polynomial graph problem (HPGP) which is a special case of the hidden polynomial problem (HPP). The new approach yields an efficient quantum algorithm for the bivariate HPGP even when the input consists of several level set superpositions, a more difficult version of the problem than the one where the input is given by an oracle. For constant degree, the algorithm is polylogarithmic in the size of the base field. We also apply the results to give an efficient quantum algorithm for the oracle version of the HPP for an interesting family of bivariate hidden functions. This family includes diagonal quadratic forms and elliptic curves.
A Low-Power High-Performance Single-Cycle Tree-Based 64-Bit Binary Comparator

A single-cycle 64-bit binary comparator utilizing a radix-2 tree structure is proposed in this brief. This novel comparator architecture is specifically designed for static logic to achieve both low-power and high-performance operation, particularly at low-input data activity environments. This brief presents a detailed performance and power analysis of various state-of-the-art comparator designs across three CMOS technologies. At 65-nm technology, with 25% (10%) data activity, the proposed design demonstrates 2.3 × (3.5 x) and 3.7 × (5.8 x) power and energy-delay product efficiency, respectively. In addition, the proposed work is 2.7 × faster at iso-energy(80 fJ) or 3.3 × more energy efficient at iso-delay(200 ps) than existing designs.
Graph-based Approach to Automatic Taxonomy Generation (GraBTax)

We propose a novel graph-based approach for constructing concept hierarchy from a large text corpus. Our algorithm, GraBTax, incorporates both statistical co-occurrences and lexical similarity in optimizing the structure of the taxonomy. To automatically generate topic-dependent taxonomies from a large text corpus, GraBTax first extracts topical terms and their relationships from the corpus. The algorithm then constructs a weighted graph representing topics and their associations. A graph partitioning algorithm is then used to recursively partition the topic graph into a taxonomy. For evaluation, we apply GraBTax to articles, primarily computer science, in the CiteSeerX digital library and search engine. The quality of the resulting concept hierarchy is assessed by both human judges and comparison with Wikipedia categories.
Reprodutibilidade de um questionário para o levantamento de informações sobre comportamentos relacionados à saude em adolescentes

Farias Jr., J. C. , Pires, M. C. e Lopes, A. S. Questionnaire's reliability to assess health-related behaviors in adolescents. Rev. Bras. Cien. e Mov. 10 (3): 43-48, 2002. There are very few instruments to assess adolescents' health- related behaviors in Brazil, and, among those available, there is not enough evidence of validity or reliability. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of a questionnaire specifically developed to assess health-related behaviors in adolescents. A sample of 45 subjects (20 girls and 25 boys) ages 15 to 18 (mean age 16 years; s=1.28) was selected by convenience. The design included two applications of the instrument 24-hour apart, with the analysis being performed through the Kappa Coefficient and intraclass correlation. Social demographic information had agreement values of 0.90 (high) between sexes, and 0.75 (high) for social economic status. Physical activity values (kcal/kg/day) for repeated measures was R=0.84 (CI 95%: 0.73-0.91). Kappa values for food ingestion ranged from moderate to high (0,44 to 0,69). As for preventive behaviors, the Kappa coefficient varied from 0.71-0.85 (moderate to high). The instrument can be considered of good reliability, for individual questions as well as for the whole dimensions, and can be used for health- related surveys with adolescents in Brazil.
Robust Near-Reversible Data Embedding Using Histogram Projection

Most data embedding techniques distort the original image as a side effect. To overcome such a problem, reversible data embedding is used to restore the original content after the removal of the embedded data. However, it is assumed that the embedded image is not altered and such a constraint is sometimes considered unnecessary because as long as the image can be restored to an acceptable level, moderate alteration on the embedded image should be allowed. Such a reasoning leads to a new category of techniques called near-reversible data embedding, in which the embedded image is allowed to be manipulated and the image can be restored to some extent that is very close to the original image. In this paper, a novel near-reversible data embedding algorithm is proposed based on projection histogram manipulations. The experimental results demonstrated that proposed algorithm performs very well in terms of embedding capacity, image fidelity, and robustness against common image processing operations.
Biliary lipids support serum-free growth of Giardia lamblia

Giardia lamblia has been grown in vitro only in media containing serum or serum fractions. How this pathogen can grow in the human small intestinal lumen without serum is not known. We found that samples of human hepatic or gall bladder bile maintained G. lamblia survival for 24 to 48 h in medium without serum but did not support growth. By contrast, an artificial biliary lipid dispersion containing six bile salts, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cholesterol, in the ratios characteristic of human bile, supported parasite growth in medium without serum or serum fractions. To define the requirements, we showed that 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-PC (which predominate in human bile) satisfied the requirement for PC. Moreover, either glycocholate or glycodeoxycholate could be substituted for the bile salt mixture. The finding that biliary lipids can support serum-free growth of G. lamblia may help explain why this parasite colonizes the upper small intestine.