Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Video Abstraction

This chapter introduces Video Abstraction, which is a short representation of an original video, and widely used in video cataloging, indexing, and retrieving. It provides a general view of video abstraction and presents different methods to produce various video abstracts. Also, it discusses a new approach to obtain a video abstract called video digest that uses the closed-caption information available in most videos. The method is efficient in segmenting long videos and producing various lengths of video abstracts automatically. The authors hope that this chapter not only gives newcomers a general and broad view of video abstraction, but also benefits the experienced researchers and professionals by presenting a comprehensive survey on state-of-the-art video abstraction and video digest methods.
Bag-of-Concepts Document Representation for Bayesian Text Classification

The classification of text documents into a number of pre-defined categories has many application scenarios, for example the classification of news items into thematic sections. Documents to be classified are commonly represented by a bag-of-words feature vector. The bag-of-words model cannot handle two language phenomena: synonymy and polysemy, besides, dimensions of feature vectors are orthogonal. In order to effectively address those problems, some researchers adopt a bag-of-concepts representation of documents—understanding concept as "unit of meaning'". This paper reports a comprehensive experimental evaluation of the efficiency of a bag-of-concepts representation for Bayesian text classification, tackling synonymy and polysemy, and exploiting semantic relatedness between concepts to alleviate the problem of orthogonality—following an approach that we call semantic expansion. Results of experiments performed on three corpora widely used as benchmarks—Reuters, OHSUMED, and 20Newsgroups—show that: the efficiency of the bag-of-concepts approach is very dependent on the capacity of the semantic annotator for extracting concepts and on the characteristics of particular corpora, peaking on OHSUMED, and that it performs especially well when the number of training samples is small. In particular, for the shorter training sequence bag-of-concepts outperforms bag-of-words by 43.67% in OHSUMED and 22.44% in 20Newsgroups. This work provides useful insights to researchers that aim at applying bag-of-concepts representations, for example for organizing scientific articles in accordance with their thematic.
[Validity and Reliability of ARQ-K (Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire) for Emergency Department Nurses in Korea].

PURPOSE To investigate the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire (ARQ-K) measuring the intensity of reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea. METHODS An internal consistency reliability and construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted using SPSS WIN (20.0) and AMOS (20.0). Survey data were collected from 321 nurses who worked in 3 levels - wide regional emergency centers, regional emergency centers, appointed emergency centers - of emergency care facilities in Busan, Korea. RESULTS The Cronbach's alpha values regarding internal consistency were . 77~. 93 for the subscales of ARQ-K. Factor loadings of the 26 items on the four subscales ranged from . 59 to . 84. The four-subscale model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis (χ²/df=3.85, p<.001, RMR=.06, GFI=.80, NFI=.81, TLI=.83, CFI=.85, RMSEA=.09). CONCLUSION This study shows that the Korean Version of the Assault Response Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to assess nurses' reaction to victimization of emergency nurses in Korea.
Effects of Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for Neurotic, Somatoform, and Personality Disorders: a Prospective 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Time-limited psychodynamic therapies in an outpatient setting are offered for a broad spectrum of psychogenic disorders. Chiefly, meta-analyses have proved their effectiveness where neurotic disorders have been concerned. The Cyclic Maladaptive Pattern/Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (CMP/SASB) model (Tress et al., 1996) of short-term dynamic psychotherapy (STDP) in this study was applied to patients with somatoform and personality disorders. Using a naturalistic design, 41 therapists treated 75 patients with personality (n = 24), somatoform (n = 24), and neurotic (n = 27) disorders. Relevant research instruments were Beeinträchtigungsschwere Score (BSS; an impairment score), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), CMP, Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R), and Intrex Introject Questionnaire based on the SASB. The treatments lasted for 25 sessions, and follow-up examinations were performed after 6 months and 1, 2, and 5 years. Effect sizes for the entire sample by BSS and GAF are reported. Somatoform patients benefited the most, but those with personality disorders also profited. Effect sizes of self-ratings (SCL-90-R and Intrex) were not as high. Thus, the CMP/SASB model of STDP is suited not only for neuroses but is especially appropriate for somatoform disorders as well.
Outlier removal for motion tracking by subspace separation

Many feature tracking algorithms have been proposed for motion segmentation, but the resulting trajectories are not necessarily correct. In this paper, we propose a technique for removing outliers based on the knowledge that correct trajectories are constrained to be in a subspace of their domain. We first fit the subspace to the detected trajectories robustly using RANSAC and then remove those that have large residuals. Using real video sequences, we demonstrate that our method is eective even if multiple objects are moving in the scene. We also confirm that the separation accuracy is indeed improved by our method.
A Principal Component Regression Strategy for Estimating Motion

In this paper, we derive a principal component regression (PCR) method for estimating the optical flow between frames of video sequences according to a pel-recursive manner. This is an easy alternative to dealing with mixtures of motion vectors due to the lack of too much prior information on their statistics (although they are supposed to be normal). The 2D motion vector estimation takes into consideration local image properties. The main advantage of the developed procedure is that no knowledge of the noise distribution is necessary. Preliminary experiments indicate that this approach provides robust estimates of the optical flow.
Estimation of Long-Term Effective Population Sizes Through the History of Durum Wheat Using Microsatellite Data

Estimation of long-term effective population size (Ne) from polymorphism data alone requires an independent knowledge of mutation rate. Microsatellites provide the opportunity to estimate Ne because their high mutation rate can be estimated from observed mutations. We used this property to estimate Ne in allotetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum at four stages of its history since its domestication. We estimated the mutation rate of 30 microsatellite loci. Allele-specific mutation rates μ were predicted from the number of repeats of the alleles. Effective population sizes were calculated from the diversity parameter θ = 4Neμ. We demonstrated from simulations that the unbiased estimator of θ based on Nei's heterozygosity is the most appropriate for estimating Ne because of a small variance and a relative robustness to variations in the mutation model compared to other estimators. We found a Ne of 32,500 individuals with a 95% confidence interval of [20,739; 45,991] in the wild ancestor of wheat, 12,000 ([5790; 19,300]) in the domesticated form, 6000 ([2831; 9556]) in landraces, and 1300 ([689; 2031]) in recent improved varieties. This decrease illustrates the successive bottlenecks in durum wheat. No selective effect was detected on our loci, despite a complete loss of polymorphism for two of them.
Making Collaboration Work in Inclusive High School Classrooms

The growing number of children with disabilities who are served in general education classrooms has made it necessary for general and special education teachers to work together to ensure that all students receive an appropriate education. As the instructional leader, the school principal is presented with the challenge of facilitating and guiding effective collaborative relationships among teachers. This article presents a brief discussion of collaboration in inclusive high school classrooms and describes how administrators can facilitate the effective use of collaboration skills.
Sample size and robust marginal methods for cluster‐randomized trials with censored event times

In cluster‐randomized trials, intervention effects are often formulated by specifying marginal models, fitting them under a working independence assumption, and using robust variance estimates to address the association in the responses within clusters. We develop sample size criteria within this framework, with analyses based on semiparametric Cox regression models fitted with event times subject to right censoring. At the design stage, copula models are specified to enable derivation of the asymptotic variance of estimators from a marginal Cox regression model and to compute the number of clusters necessary to satisfy power requirements. Simulation studies demonstrate the validity of the sample size formula in finite samples for a range of cluster sizes, censoring rates, and degrees of within‐cluster association among event times. The power and relative efficiency implications of copula misspecification is studied, as well as the effect of within‐cluster dependence in the censoring times. Sample size criteria and other design issues are also addressed for the setting where the event status is only ascertained at periodic assessments and times are interval censored. Copyright © 2014 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.
Humor as play: its relationship to psychological well-being during the course of a day.

Abstract Much of the play in daily life likely occurs at times or during activities other than those commonly viewed as leisure. Humor is one form of play that appears to accompany many nonleisure activities, while also being the basis for some forms of entertainment that engage people during leisure. With the use of a humor diary and mood measures, this study examined the frequency and types of humorous experiences of university students and their relationship to psychological well‐being during a day. Mass media provided the fewest playful incidents of humor, while social interaction generated the largest number. Increases in positive moods and decreases in negative moods were associated significantly with greater numbers of incidents of humor and overt laughter. It is argued that leisure researchers should give more attention to the psychology of everyday playful behaviors, such as humor, day‐dreaming, fantasy, and make‐believe.
MiR‐9 is involved in TGF‐β1‐induced lung cancer cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7

MicroRNA (miR)‐9 plays different roles in different cancer types. Here, we investigated the role of miR‐9 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion and adhesion in vitro and explored whether miR‐9 was involved in transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by targeting SOX7. The expression of miR‐9 and SOX7 in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines was examined by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function experiments were performed on A549 and HCC827 cells to investigate the effect of miR‐9 and SOX7 on NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion in the presence or absence of TGF‐β1. Transwell–Matrigel assay and cell adhesion assay were used to examine cell invasion and adhesion abilities. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine whether SOX7 was a direct target of miR‐9. We found miR‐9 was up‐regulated and SOX7 was down‐regulated in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Moreover, SOX7 expression was negatively correlated with miR‐9 expression. miR‐9 knockdown or SOX7 overexpression could suppress TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion. miR‐9 directly targets the 3′ untranslated region of SOX7, and SOX7 protein expression was down‐regulated by miR‐9. TGF‐β1 induced miR‐9 expression in NSCLC cells. miR‐9 up‐regulation led to enhanced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion; however, these effects could be attenuated by SOX7 overexpression. We concluded that miR‐9 expression was negatively correlated with SOX7 expression in human NSCLC. miR‐9 was up‐regulated by TGF‐β1 and contributed to TGF‐β1‐induced NSCLC cell invasion and adhesion by directly targeting SOX7.
Design and measurement of a monopole plasma antenna in the C-band

Unlike metal antennas, an antenna that is composed of plasma can switch its operation/non-operation by turning the plasma on and off. In this paper, we propose a monopole plasma antenna that operates as a radiator in the C-band. The antenna was designed and considered using numerical calculations and measurements. The simulated and measured results were in good agreement. The directivity was similar to that of metal monopole antennas. Measured actual peak gain and radiation efficiency were -0.6 dBi and -5.4 dB, respectively at 4.0 GHz when the plasma was on. Meanwhile, the actual peak gain was -12.7 dBi when the plasma was off. The difference above 10 dB was caused by turning the plasma on/off. Therefore, operational switching of the plasma antenna was experimentally demonstrated in the C-band.
Opposite action of R2R3-MYBs from different subgroups on key genes of the shikimate and monolignol pathways in spruce

Redundancy and competition between R2R3-MYB activators and repressors on common target genes has been proposed as a fine-tuning mechanism for the regulation of plant secondary metabolism. This hypothesis was tested in white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] by investigating the effects of R2R3-MYBs from different subgroups on common targets from distinct metabolic pathways. Comparative analysis of transcript profiling data in spruces overexpressing R2R3-MYBs from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), PtMYB1, PtMYB8, and PtMYB14, defined a set of common genes that display opposite regulation effects. The relationship between the closest MYB homologues and 33 putative target genes was explored by quantitative PCR expression profiling in wild-type P. glauca plants during the diurnal cycle. Significant Spearman’s correlation estimates were consistent with the proposed opposite effect of different R2R3-MYBs on several putative target genes in a time-related and tissue-preferential manner. Expression of sequences coding for 4CL, DHS2, COMT1, SHM4, and a lipase thio/esterase positively correlated with that of PgMYB1 and PgMYB8, but negatively with that of PgMYB14 and PgMYB15. Complementary electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and transactivation assay provided experimental evidence that these different R2R3-MYBs are able to bind similar AC cis-elements in the promoter region of Pg4CL and PgDHS2 genes but have opposite effects on their expression. Competitive binding EMSA experiments showed that PgMYB8 competes more strongly than PgMYB15 for the AC-I MYB binding site in the Pg4CL promoter. Together, the results bring a new perspective to the action of R2R3-MYB proteins in the regulation of distinct but interconnecting metabolism pathways.
Patterned Predictions of Chance Events by Children and Adults

A few years ago psychological textbooks designed for elementary students frequently described a phenomenon called "random behavior" as a common precursor of goal-achieving actions. The distinguishing marks of responses thus depicted were their pragmatic futility for the protagonist and nuisance value for the psychological observer. More recently, numerous sequential two-choice "guessing" experiments (with an occasional daring extension by powers of two) have presented problems allowing only incomplete solutions, thereby conspiring to produce a good portion of "random behavior" on the part of unsuccessful guessers. The principal emphasis of investigators employing "guessing" experiments has been with acquisition learning possibilities, since it was soon discovered that probability matching of guessed predictions to stimulusevent frequencies took place with a sufficient number of trials. Much of this work, together with theoretical explanations, is described by Hake (13) and Bush and Mosteller (4) . What takes place when the probability-matching finding is trivial for a probability-prediction situation, as with a 50-50 random stimulus sequence, has been of interest-suggestive exceptions are an experiment by Hyman and Jenkin ( 14) and some unpublished analyses by Goodnow and associates ( 1 1 ) --chiefly as a control condition for acquisition groups which show palpable improvement. The purpose of the present study was to describe the characteristic response patterns produced by random orders on a basis other than probability matching. Generality, it was reasoned, might be gained by the very lack of improvement possibilities with 50-50 sequences. Would not response patterns obtained in such a context appear also in the initial stages of many kinds of attempted problem solution, as the textbooks had intimated, where complete problem solution was eventually possible. The more than half-serious conclusion was thus reached that a widely applicable problem-solving paradigm occurs when there can be no problem solution. The recent book by Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin ( 2 ) has delineated skillfully the contrary approach of giving full information for solvable problems. To be sure, in probabilistic situations this is only a matter of degree. And, we must confess, as the present study progressed, a few partially solvable problems
Generalized Do-Calculus with Testable Causal Assumptions

A primary object of causal reasoning concerns what would happen to a system under certain interventions. Specifically, we are often interested in estimating the probability distribution of some random variables that would result from forcing some other variables to take certain values. The renowned do-calculus (Pearl 1995) gives a set of rules that govern the identification of such post-intervention probabilities in terms of (estimable) pre-intervention probabilities, assuming available a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that represents the underlying causal structure. However, a DAG causal structure is seldom fully testable given preintervention, observational data, since many competing DAG structures are equally compatible with the data. In this paper we extend the do-calculus to cover cases where the available causal information is summarized in a so-called partial ancestral graph (PAG) that represents an equivalence class of DAG structures. The causal assumptions encoded by a PAG are significantly weaker than those encoded by a full-blown DAG causal structure, and are in principle fully testable by observed conditional independence relations.
Comparing Mindfulness and Psychoeducation Treatments for Combat-Related PTSD Using a Telehealth Approach

This pilot study examined two telehealth interventions to address symptoms of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in veterans. Thirty-three male combat veterans were randomly assigned to one of two telehealth treatment conditions: mindfulness or psychoeducation. In both conditions, participants completed 8 weeks of telehealth treatment (two sessions in person followed by six sessions over the telephone) and three assessments (pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-week follow-up). The mindfulness treatment was based on the tenets of mindfulness-based stress reduction and the psychoeducation manual was based on commonly used psychoeducation materials for PTSD. Results for the 24 participants who completed all assessments indicate that: (1) Telehealth appears to be a feasible mode for delivery of PTSD treatment for veterans; (2) Veterans with PTSD are able to tolerate and report high satisfaction with a brief mindfulness intervention; (3) Participation in the mindfulness intervention is associated with a temporary reduction in PTSD symptoms; and (4) A brief mindfulness treatment may not be of adequate intensity to sustain effects on PTSD symptoms.
Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation of the Human miR-17-92 Cluster; Evidence for Involvement of Pim-1

The human polycistronic miRNA cluster miR-17-92 is frequently overexpressed in hematopoietic malignancies and cancers. Its transcription is in part controlled by an E2F-regulated host gene promoter. An intronic A/T-rich region directly upstream of the miRNA coding region also contributes to cluster expression. Our deletion analysis of the A/T-rich region revealed a strong dependence on c-Myc binding to the functional E3 site. Yet, constructs lacking the 5′-proximal ~1.3 kb or 3′-distal ~0.1 kb of the 1.5 kb A/T-rich region still retained residual specific promoter activity, suggesting multiple transcription start sites (TSS) in this region. Furthermore, the protooncogenic kinase, Pim-1, its phosphorylation target HP1γ and c-Myc colocalize to the E3 region, as inferred from chromatin immunoprecipitation. Analysis of pri-miR-17-92 expression levels in K562 and HeLa cells revealed that silencing of E2F3, c-Myc or Pim-1 negatively affects cluster expression, with a synergistic effect caused by c-Myc/Pim-1 double knockdown in HeLa cells. Thus, we show, for the first time, that the protooncogene Pim-1 is part of the network that regulates transcription of the human miR-17-92 cluster.
Synergistic antitumour effect of recombinant human tumour necrosis factor a with melphalan in isolated limb perfusion in the rat

The efficacy of isolated limb perfusion (ILP) for ‘intransit’ metastases from malignant melanoma and irresectable soft tissue sarcoma has been improved considerably by the addition of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α. A rat sarcoma tumour model was, therefore, developed to evaluate the effects of TNF‐α, melphalan and the combination of these drugs in the treatment of sarcoma. In BN rats bearing the non‐immunogenic BN 175 sarcoma ILPs were performed with perfusate only, TNF‐α, melphalan alone, or in combination when tumours had grown to approximately 1·5 cm in diameter. All rats treated with sham perfusion or perfusion with 50 μg TNF‐α showed progressive disease. After perfusion with 40 μg melphalan no change in tumour diameter was observed in any rats at 4 days. After a combined perfusion with 40 μg melphalan and 50 μg TNF‐α complete remission was noted in 12 of 16 rats. This synergistic effect in vivo between relatively ineffective doses of TNF‐α and melphalan was not observed in vitro.