Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Detecting In-Flight Page Changes with Web Tripwires

While web pages sent over HTTP have no integrity guarantees, it is commonly assumed that such pages are not modified in transit. In this paper, we provide evidence of surprisingly widespread and diverse changes made to web pages between the server and client. Over 1% of web clients in our study received altered pages, and we show that these changes often have undesirable consequences for web publishers or end users. Such changes include popup blocking scripts inserted by client software, advertisements injected by ISPs, and even malicious code likely inserted by malware using ARP poisoning. Additionally, we find that changes introduced by client software can inadvertently cause harm, such as introducing cross-site scripting vulnerabilities into most pages a client visits. To help publishers understand and react appropriately to such changes, we introduce web tripwires--client-side JavaScript code that can detect most in-flight modifications to a web page. We discuss several web tripwire designs intended to provide basic integrity checks for web servers. We show that they are more flexible and less expensive than switching to HTTPS and do not require changes to current browsers.
Computational methods for performance evaluation of a statistical multiplexer supporting bursty traffic

A statistical multiplexer supporting a number of bursty sources is modeled as a discrete time, single server queueing system with an infinite buffer. The probability generating function (PGF) method is used to analyze the queueing behavior. The PGF method requires the determination of a large number of boundary values and, hence, the roots of the characteristic equation. An iterative algorithm to evaluate the characteristic roots is proposed. When the arrival process is a superposition of independent processes, a decomposition approach is used to reduce the state space involved in the computational algorithm. Additionally, the computational algorithm is made efficient through the establishment of conditions under which all the roots are either real or nonnegative real numbers. A set of equations to recursively compute the moments of the queue length are established. Sample applications of the computational methods to evaluate the performance of a multiplexer supporting voice and video sources, modeled by two-state Markov and L-state MMPP processes, respectively, demonstrate the viability of the proposed methods.
Is primate tool use special? Chimpanzee and New Caledonian crow compared

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is well-known in both nature and captivity as an impressive maker and user of tools, but recently the New Caledonian crow (Corvus moneduloides) has been championed as being equivalent or superior to the ape in elementary technology. I systematically compare the two taxa, going beyond simple presence/absence scoring of tool-using and -making types, on four more precise aspects of material culture: (i) types of associative technology (tools used in combination); (ii) modes of tool making; (iii) modes of tool use; and (iv) functions of tool use. I emphasize tool use in nature, when performance is habitual or customary, rather than in anecdotal or idiosyncratic. On all four measures, the ape shows more variety than does the corvid, especially in modes and functions that go beyond extractive foraging. However, more sustained field research is required on the crows before this contrast is conclusive.
Changes in calcaneal trabecular bone structure after heart transplantation: an MR imaging study.

PURPOSE To use high-spatial-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to analyze the trabecular bone structure of the calcaneus in patients before and after heart transplantation and to compare this technique with bone mineral density (BMD) measurement in predicting therapy-induced bone loss and vertebral fracture status. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-spatial-resolution 1.5-T MR imaging of the calcaneus was performed in 40 men 11-120 months after heart transplantation, in 11 men before heart transplantation, and in 10 age-matched male volunteers. Sagittal and transverse T1-weighted spin-echo images with a voxel size of 0.195 x 0.195 x 1.000 mm were obtained, and structure measurements analogous to bone histomorphometric values were calculated. In addition, the BMD of the lumbar spine was determined in the transplant recipients pre- and postoperatively by using quantitative computed tomography, and vertebral fracture status was assessed. RESULTS Significant differences in structure and BMD measurements were found between patients before and after heart transplantation (P <. 05). In 17 (42%) of 40 transplant recipients, vertebral fractures were found. Although structure measurements were significantly different between patients with and those without fractures (P <.05), BMDs were not. Correlations between time after transplantation and some structure measurements were moderately significant (P <. 05), but such correlations with BMD measurements were not. CONCLUSION MR imaging-derived structure measurements in the calcaneus are useful for monitoring bone changes after heart transplantation and assessing vertebral fracture status.
Layer-wise analysis of deep networks with Gaussian kernels

Deep networks can potentially express a learning problem more efficiently than local learning machines. While deep networks outperform local learning machines on some problems, it is still unclear how their nice representation emerges from their complex structure. We present an analysis based on Gaussian kernels that measures how the representation of the learning problem evolves layer after layer as the deep network builds higher-level abstract representations of the input. We use this analysis to show empirically that deep networks build progressively better representations of the learning problem and that the best representations are obtained when the deep network discriminates only in the last layers.
Clopidogrel Resistance Is Associated With Increased Risk of Recurrent Atherothrombotic Events in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background— Although clopidogrel reduces the risk of cardiovascular episodes after coronary events and stenting, a substantial number of incidents continue to occur. Methods and Results— The antiplatelet effect of clopidogrel was studied prospectively in 60 consecutive patients who underwent primary angioplasty (percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]) with stenting for acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) to determine whether variability in response to clopidogrel affects clinical outcomes. Patients were stratified into 4 quartiles according to the percentage reduction of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Although patients in the first quartile were resistant to the effects of clopidogrel (ADP-induced platelet aggregation at day 6, 103±8% of baseline), ADP-induced aggregation was reduced to 69±3%, 58±7%, and 33±12% of baseline, respectively, in patients in quartiles 2 through 4 (P <0.01 for all). In addition, epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation under flow conditions, assessed by the cone-and-plate(let) analyzer method, were reduced significantly less in the first quartile than in quartiles 2 through 4. Whereas 40% of patients in the first quartile sustained a recurrent cardiovascular event during a 6-month follow-up, only 1 patient (6.7%) in the second quartile and none in the third and fourth quartiles suffered a cardiovascular event (P =0.007). Conclusions— Up to 25% of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI with stenting are resistant to clopidogrel and therefore may be at increased risk for recurrent cardiovascular events.
Fuzzy cognitive map with dynamic fuzzification and causality behaviors

This paper introduces a proposed enhanced model of fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) called dynamic fuzzy cognitive map (DFCM). The aim is to make both of fuzzification mapping and causal relationships between concepts are environment sensitive. Accordingly, knowledge representation and inference process will be more flexible, reliable, and dynamic especially when dealing with complex and dynamic environments. A special set of environment dominant variables (V) is proposed that represents the environment prevailing conditions. The behavior of DFCM depends on V. Hence, the same fuzzy cognitive map knowledge and concept values will infer deferent outcomes in response to changes in V. Accordingly, it will be very appropriate to apply DFCM when modeling a wider spectrum of real world problems in various fields like decision support systems, control systems, medical diagnoses systems, effect-based planning, and prediction systems.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus caprae Strain 9557, Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus caprae strain 9557 was isolated from a cerebrospinal fluid sample. The assembled genome contained 2,747,651-bp nucleotides with 33.34% GC content. Consistent with its phenotypic characteristics, the genome harbors a varying repertoire of putative virulence factors involved in invasion, survival, and growth in the host cells.
A study of chip formation in ductile-regime machining of 6H silicon carbide by molecular dynamics

Much effort have been devoted to the ductile regime machining of silicon carbide (SiC) in recent years. However, a thorough understanding on the mechanism of chip formation has not been achieved. In this study, large scale molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the ductile-regime machining of 6H SiC. It is found that the mechanism of chip formation transforms from shearing to extrusion when the tool rake angle varies from 0° to −40°. The nature of plastic deformation is slipping processes on the basal slip system of 6H SiC and shearing along several inclined planes. Under a rake angle of −40°, a 'pseudo edge' is observed in front of the cutting edge throughout the cutting process. Under a rake angle of −20', a periodic process of formation and vanishing of 'pseudo edge' is observed. The formation of 'pseudo edge' leads to a decrease in the principle cutting force, and its vanishing is followed by increase of principle cutting force.
Control of endothelial cell proliferation and migration by VEGF signaling to histone deacetylase 7

VEGF has been shown to regulate endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and migration. However, the nuclear mediators of the actions of VEGF in ECs have not been fully defined. We show that VEGF induces the phosphorylation of three conserved serine residues in histone deacetylase 7 (HDAC7) via protein kinase D, which promotes nuclear export of HDAC7 and activation of VEGF-responsive genes in ECs. Expression of a signal-resistant HDAC7 mutant protein in ECs inhibits proliferation and migration in response to VEGF. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation of HDAC7 serves as a molecular switch to mediate VEGF signaling and endothelial function.
Circulating miR-30d Predicts Survival in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Background/Aims: Identification of novel biomarkers to identify acute heart failure (AHF) patients at high risk of mortality is an area of unmet clinical need. Recently, we reported that the baseline level of circulating miR-30d was associated with left ventricular remodeling in response to cardiac resynchronization therapy in advanced chronic heart failure patients. However, the role of circulating miR-30d as a prognostic marker of survival in patients with AHF has not been explored. Methods: Patients clinically diagnosed with AHF were enrolled and followed up for 1 year. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions were used to determine serum miR-30d levels. The univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to determine the predictors for all-cause mortality in AHF patients. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to analyze the role of miR-30d in prediction of survival. Results: A total of 96 AHF patients were enrolled and followed up for 1 year. Serum miR-30d was significantly lower in AHF patients who expired in the one year follow-up period compared to those who survived. Univariate logistic regression analysis yielded 18 variables that were associated with all-cause mortality in AHF patients, while the multivariate logistic regression analysis identified 4 variables including heart rate, hemoglobin, serum sodium, and serum miR-30d level associated with mortality. ROC curve analysis showed that hemoglobin, heart rate and serum sodium displayed poor prognostic value for AHF (AUCs not higher than 0.700) compared to miR-30d level (AUC = 0.806). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis confirmed that patients with higher serum miR-30d levels had significantly lower mortality (P=0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows evidence for the predictive value of circulating miR-30d as 1-year all-cause mortality in AHF patients. Large multicentre studies are further needed to validate our findings and accelerate the transition to clinical utilization.
A 210–270-GHz Circularly Polarized FMCW Radar With a Single-Lens-Coupled SiGe HBT Chip

A complete circularly polarized 210-270-GHz frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar with a monostatic homodyne architecture is presented. It consists of a highly integrated radio-frequency transceiver module, an in-house developed linear-frequency chirp generator, and a data acquisition chain. The radar front end featuring a fundamentally operated ×16 multiplier-chain architecture is realized as a single chip in 0.13-μm SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor technology with a lens-coupled circularly polarized on-chip antenna and wire-bonded on a low-cost printed circuit board. In combination with a 9-mm-diameter silicon lens, the module achieves an average in-band directivity of 26.6 dB. The measured peak radiated power from the packaged radar module is +5 dBm and the noise figure is 21 dB. For a 60-GHz frequency sweep, the radar achieves a range resolution of 2.57 mm after calibration, which is close to the theoretical bandwidth-limited resolution of 2.5 mm. With a simple scanning optical setup, this paper further demonstrates the 3-D imaging capability of the radar for detection of hidden objects with a remarkable dynamic range of around 50 dB.
Oscillation-Induced Signal Transmission and Gating in Neural Circuits

Reliable signal transmission constitutes a key requirement for neural circuit function. The propagation of synchronous pulse packets through recurrent circuits is hypothesized to be one robust form of signal transmission and has been extensively studied in computational and theoretical works. Yet, although external or internally generated oscillations are ubiquitous across neural systems, their influence on such signal propagation is unclear. Here we systematically investigate the impact of oscillations on propagating synchrony. We find that for standard, additive couplings and a net excitatory effect of oscillations, robust propagation of synchrony is enabled in less prominent feed-forward structures than in systems without oscillations. In the presence of non-additive coupling (as mediated by fast dendritic spikes), even balanced oscillatory inputs may enable robust propagation. Here, emerging resonances create complex locking patterns between oscillations and spike synchrony. Interestingly, these resonances make the circuits capable of selecting specific pathways for signal transmission. Oscillations may thus promote reliable transmission and, in co-action with dendritic nonlinearities, provide a mechanism for information processing by selectively gating and routing of signals. Our results are of particular interest for the interpretation of sharp wave/ripple complexes in the hippocampus, where previously learned spike patterns are replayed in conjunction with global high-frequency oscillations. We suggest that the oscillations may serve to stabilize the replay.
Inferring a spatial road representation from the behavior of real world traffic participants

The detection of road area in the surroundings of the ego-vehicle is a key issue for modern ADAS. Camera-based direct detection systems are able to reliably accomplish this task only within a limited spatial range or in simple environments, due to hardware limitations and unfavorable situations, like shadows or occlusions. In complex environments, like inner city, traffic is a real issue, since the mere presence of other cars can significantly restrict the field of view of the ego-vehicle. In order to extend the spatial range of road detection, indirect detection systems are a viable resource. They can complement state-of-the-art direct detection systems and help motion control systems to plan smooth and stable trajectories. In this paper we propose a probabilistic grid-based approach based on the interpretation of the motion of other vehicles in the scene. The approach uses the position and velocity of those vehicles in order to infer the presence and location of occluded road area. We will show that this approach can complement an already established feature-based detection system, taking advantage of those situations that are the most challenging for the latter. Evaluations on real-world scenes show that the union between this approach and direct road detection significantly extends the spatial range of detection, thus is able to provide a motion control system a longer horizon for planning trajectories.
Mobile Classification in Microarray Experiments

In a homogeneous group of samples, there are genes whose expression variations can be attributed to factors other than experimental errors. These factors can include natural biological oscillations or metabolic processes. These genes are rarely classified as ‘interesting’ based on their variability profile. However, their dynamic behaviour can tease out important clues about naturally occurring biological processes in the organism under study and can be used for group classification. Dynamical discriminate function analysis was developed on the concept that stable classification parameters (roots) can be derived from highly variable gene‐expression data. Stability of these combinations implies a strongly compensatory relationship that may divulge functional interconnections.
Why do members contribute knowledge to online communities?

Purpose – This study aims to better understand individuals' motives for contributing knowledge in an online community.Design/methodology/approach – An integrated model is developed based on a motivational model and social cognitive theory. To validate the model two online communities: the Electronic Engineering Times in Taiwan and China were surveyed.Findings – It was found that both perceived identity verification and performance expectancy are positively associated with satisfaction, which in turn affects knowledge contribution. Performance expectancy is affected by both computer self‐efficacy and computer anxiety, and perceived identity verification is influenced by members' innovativeness in IT.Originality/value – This is the first study which aims to assess the relationships between individuals' differences, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and knowledge contribution. The findings can help managers to build an effective community.
The Use of Radiotracer Techniques for QA/QC Principles in Pesticide Residue Analysis

In the process of Turkish Republic being an EU member, wholesomeness of agricultural products is very important at the pesticide residue concept. The reliability of analytical data produced in the pesticide residue laboratory, and validity of method must be checked with documented evidence. Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) principles are very useful tools for the proving correctness of analytical data. Most of the analytical steps must be controlled in QA/QC system. The purpose of the article reported here was to demonstrate the use of radiotracer technique (C-pesticide) for some analytical steps such as, the purity/purification of active ingredient, homogenity of sample processing, extraction efficiency (bound residues) cleanup and recovery in QA/QC system.
Which interaction technique works when?: floating palettes, marking menus and toolglasses support different task strategies

We conducted an experiment that compared three post-WIMP interaction techniques: floating palettes, marking menus and toolglasses, in a real-world Coloured Petri-Net editor, CPN2000. We created six situations in which users performed identical sets of actions with equally-complex nets, but with different cognitive contexts. We found significant differences in performance and preferences across interaction techniques. When a user is in a "copy" context, floating palettes are more efficient. If the user is problem solving, toolglasses or marking menus are preferred. No single interaction technique is clearly superior: each has strengths in different contexts. Since a single application must support different kinds of cognitive tasks, interaction designers should consider integrating multiple interaction techniques, rather than selecting only one.
Scars collaborative telediagnosis platform using adaptive image flow

Telemedicine has been developed to allow practitioners to remotely connect with patients and with other medical staff. We propose a new system hardware and software, named DICODERM COllaborative DIagnosis of DERMatosis, which makes it possible to monitor the evolution of scars after the excision of a tumorous dermatosis like melanoma. The hardware part of this system is composed of a new optical innovative probe with which two types of images can be acquired simultaneously: anatomic with a white light image and functional with a fluorescence image using autofluorescence from the protoporphyrin within the cancer cell. The software part is composed of two components: the image stitching component, and the collaborative/adaptive layer component. Our system creates a panoramic view of these scars obtained by stitching a sequence of small images. We conducted experiments for different image stitching algorithms to define the best solution. We also deployed a second component: a collaborative system layer which allows to remotely share images of scars and to adapt these images. We also made the system adaptive to communicate across different client platforms. We conducted experiments to compare the exchange of images with or without adaptation: these tests showed the efficiency of our layer.
Temperature Modification Coefficient of Compressive Modulus of Asphalt Mixture

Plentiful experimental data show that the temperature modification coefficient, the ratio of the compressive modulus of asphalt mixture on certain temperature to the one on normal temperature £¨20iae£©, is in a linear proportion to temperature,and the coefficient is impervious to asphalt grade and mixture gradation. Based on 50 years£§ mean daily air temperature data collected from 194 state weather observation stations and the SHELL asphalt pavement design technique, an effective mean annual air temperature distribution chart is elicited with Kriging interpolation method by taking daily air temperature change and the asphalt viscosity quality into consideration. With the consideration of the temperature£§s changing with the pavement depth, the distribution chart of the temperature modification cofficient is obtained. The coefficient is used to modify the value of compressive modulus of different regions.