Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of anthropogenic activities on global land oxygen flux

Abstract. Atmospheric oxygen (O2) is one of the predominant features that enable Earth as a habitable planet for active and diverse biology. However, observations since the late 1980s indicate that O2 content in the atmosphere is falling steadily at part-per-million level. Although a scientific consensus has emerged that the current decline is generally attributed to the combustion of fossil fuel, a quantitative assessment of the anthropogenic impact on the O2 cycle on both global and regional scale is currently lacking. This paper quantifies the anthropogenic and biological O2 flux over land and provides a quantitative and dynamic description of land O2 budget under impacts of human activities on grid scale. It is found that total anthropogenic O2 flux over land has risen from 35.6 Gt/yr in 2000 to 46.0 Gt/yr in 2013, while the compensation from land (11.5 Gt/yr averaged from 2000 to 2013) displays a faint increase during the same period. High anthropogenic fluxes mainly occur in Eastern Asia, India, North America and Europe caused by fossil fuel combustion and in Central Africa caused by wildfire. Due to strong heterotrophic soil respiration under higher temperature conditions, the positive O2 flux in the tropics is not significant. Instead, boreal forest and Tibetan plateau become the most important sources of atmospheric O2 in the Anthropocene. The anthropogenic oxygen consumption data are publicly available online at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.899167.
Use of recommended ambulatory care services: is the Veterans Affairs quality gap narrowing?

BACKGROUND Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs) provide better preventive and chronic disease care when compared with other health care organizations, although recent health care quality improvement initiatives outside the VAMC sector may have narrowed quality differences. METHODS Using the nationally representative 2000 and 2004 surveys of the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System, which included 152,310 community-dwelling insured adults in 2000 and 251,570 in 2004, we compared self-reported use of 17 recommended ambulatory care services for cancer prevention, cardiovascular risk reduction, diabetes mellitus management, and infectious disease prevention among insured adults receiving and not receiving care at VAMCs. RESULTS A total of 2852 insured adults (1.9%) received care at VAMCs in 2000 and 7155 (2.4%) received care at VAMCs in 2004. Use of 9 of the 17 services was greater in 2004 when compared with 2000 (P < or = .05). In 2000, receiving VAMC care was associated with greater use of 6 of the 17 services; in 2004, receiving VAMC care was associated with greater use of 12 of the 17 services (P < or = .05). In 2004, greater use among these 12 services ranged from 10% greater use of cholesterol screening to 40% greater use of colorectal cancer screening. For 13 of the 17 services, the likelihood of service use among adults receiving VAMC care when compared with adults not receiving VAMC care was not significantly different in 2004 than in 2000. However, this likelihood was significantly greater (for VAMC vs non-VAMC use) in 2004 than in 2000 for breast cancer screening (relative risk [RR], 1.21 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.15-1.25] vs 0.80 [95% CI, 0.58-0.98]; P < .001), dilated eye examination among adults with diabetes (RR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.07-1.15] vs 1.01 [95% CI, 0.88-1.09]; P = .04), and influenza (RR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.24-1.36] vs 1.06 [95% CI, 0.89-1.21]; P = .006) and pneumococcal (RR, 1.27 [95% CI, 1.23-1.31] vs 1.04 [95% CI, 0.86-1.21]; P = .005) vaccinations. CONCLUSION Despite increasing emphasis on quality of care and improved performance throughout the US health care system, adults receiving VAMC care remain more likely to receive recommended ambulatory care.
DN-Cadherin Is Required for Spatial Arrangement of Nerve Terminals and Ultrastructural Organization of Synapses

We studied roles of DN-cadherin, the Drosophila major neuronal cadherin, in neuronal connections in the visual system. In DN-cadherin mutants, axon terminals of a large subset of photoreceptor cells reached and associated with their target interneurons, but their characteristic spatial arrangement was disrupted as synaptogenesis proceeded. Although synapses were formed at contact sites between the axon terminals and target neurons, underlying cytoplasmic structures were not fully specialized at both pre- and postsynaptic terminals and synaptic vesicles appeared to accumulate at the presynapses. These results suggest that the cadherin adhesion system is required for interaction between pre- and postsynaptic terminals and for generation of the mature synaptic structures.
Robust output tracking controller design for a class of uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems

A new control design method based on signal compensation is proposed for a class of uncertain multi-input multioutput (MIMO) nonlinear systems in block-triangular form with nonlinear uncertainties, external disturbances, unknown virtual control coefficients and strongly coupled interconnections. By this method, the controller design is performed in a backstepping manner. At each step of backstepping procedure, a nominal virtual controller is first designed to get desired output tracking for the nominal disturbance-free subsystem, and then a robust virtual compensator is designed to restrain the effect of the uncertainty, disturbance involved in the subsystem and couplings among the subsystems. It is proved that global robust stability and global robust practical tracking property of the closed-loop system can be ensured and the tracking errors can be made as small as desired. The trait of our approach is that the designed controller is linear and time-invariant, so the explosion of terms in the control law is avoid.
The First and Second Max-SAT Evaluations

We describe the organization and report on the results of the First and Second Max-SAT Evaluations, which were organized as affiliated events of the 2006 and 2007 editions of the International Conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing (SAT-2006 and SAT-2007), discuss the insights gained and point out new directions for forthcoming evaluations. The main objectives of both evaluations were assessing the advancements in the field of Max-SAT solvers through a comparison of their performances, identifying successful solving techniques and encouraging researchers to develop new ones, and creating a publicly available collection of challenging Max-SAT benchmarks.
Disseminated Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow and the Natural Course of Resected Esophageal Cancer

Objective:To assess the impact of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow on recurrence and survival in complete resected esophageal cancer (EC). Background:Current modalities to predict tumor recurrence and survival in EC are insufficient. Here, we evaluated in a prospective study the prognostic relevance of DTC in bone marrow for the natural postoperative course of EC. Methods:We enrolled 370 consecutive EC patients (1995–2009). All tumors, 189 squamous cell carcinomas and 181 adenocarcinomas, were completely surgically resected (R0), and patients received neither neoadjuvant nor adjuvant therapy. Disseminated tumor cells were detected by an immunocytochemical cytokeratin assay in preoperatively taken bone marrow aspirates. The results were correlated with clinic-pathological parameters and clinical outcome. Results:Overall 120 (32.4%) patients harbored DTC in their bone marrow. Presence of DTC significantly correlated with aggressive tumor biology as indicated by increased tumor size (P = 0.026), regional (P = 0.002) and distant (P = 0.012) lymph node metastases, and higher relapse rate (P < 0.001, &khgr;2 test). A gradual decrease in disease-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P < 0.001, log-rank test) survival was observed between DTC-negative and DTC-positive patients and was evident in subgroup analysis stratified for nodal status, lymph node yield, lymph node ratio, and tumor subtypes. Disseminated tumor cells were identified as a strong independent prognosticator of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.96–5.45, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR 3.1, 95% CI: 2.37–4.09, P < 0.001, Cox regression analysis). Conclusions:The presence of DTC in bone marrow is a strong and independent prognostic factor in patients with resectable EC.
Design a Compact Monopole Printed Antenna for UMTS,LTE and WLAN Applications

In this paper, a new compact design of the printed monopole antenna has been presented. The single layered antenna has been designed to resonate in wideband frequency for UMTS, LTE and WLAN with enhanced bandwidth of more than 1.25GHz. The antenna has a simple structure consisting of a T- shaped and parasitic element in the ground plane. The proposed antenna has a low profile and can easily be fed by using a 50 Ω microstrip line.It is believed that the size of the antenna is about the smallest among the existing internal mobile antennas for UMTS, LTE and WLAN operation. Compact size, low cost, ease of printed and good radiation parameters respect to the previous designs are the most important advantages of the proposed antenna. The antenna has an overall dimension is 67*50*1.6 mm 3 , when printed on a FR-4 substrate of dielectric constant 4.3. The proposed antenna was designed based on the simulations from Computer Simulation Technology (CST), through which the return loss and other antenna parameters were generated such as gain, VSWR and radiation pattern.
Steady-State Acceptor Fluorescence Anisotropy Imaging under Evanescent Excitation for Visualisation of FRET at the Plasma Membrane

We present a novel imaging system combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy with measurement of steady-state acceptor fluorescence anisotropy in order to perform live cell Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) imaging at the plasma membrane. We compare directly the imaging performance of fluorescence anisotropy resolved TIRF with epifluorescence illumination. The use of high numerical aperture objective for TIRF required correction for induced depolarization factors. This arrangement enabled visualisation of conformational changes of a Raichu-Cdc42 FRET biosensor by measurement of intramolecular FRET between eGFP and mRFP1. Higher activity of the probe was found at the cell plasma membrane compared to intracellularly. Imaging fluorescence anisotropy in TIRF allowed clear differentiation of the Raichu-Cdc42 biosensor from negative control mutants. Finally, inhibition of Cdc42 was imaged dynamically in live cells, where we show temporal changes of the activity of the Raichu-Cdc42 biosensor.
Opioid Substitution Treatment Planning in a Disaster Context: Perspectives from Emergency Management and Health Professionals in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) is a harm reduction strategy enabling opiate consumers to avoid withdrawal symptoms and maintain health and wellbeing. Some research shows that within a disaster context service disruptions and infrastructure damage affect OST services, including problems with accessibility, dosing, and scripts. Currently little is known about planning for OST in the reduction and response phases of a disaster. This study aimed to identify the views of three professional groups working in Aotearoa/New Zealand about OST provision following a disaster. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 service workers, health professionals, and emergency managers in OST and disaster planning fields. Thematic analysis of transcripts identified three key themes, namely “health and wellbeing”, “developing an emergency management plan”, and “stock, dose verification, and scripts” which led to an overarching concept of “service continuity in OST preparedness planning”. Participants viewed service continuity as essential for reducing physical and psychological distress for OST clients, their families, and wider communities. Alcohol and drug and OST health professionals understood the specific needs of clients, while emergency managers discussed the need for sufficient preparedness planning to minimise harm. It is concluded that OST preparedness planning must be multidisciplinary, flexible, and inclusive.
Survey Paper on Clustering Techniques

ABSTARCT— The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information from a large data set and transform it into an understandable form for further use. Clustering is important in data analysis and data mining applications. It is the task of grouping a set of objects so that objects in the same group are more similar to each other than to those in other groups (clusters). There are different types of clusters: Well-separated clusters, Center-based clusters, Contiguous clusters, Density-based clusters, Shared Property or Conceptual Clusters. Predictive and the descriptive are the two main tasks of the data mining. Clustering can be done by the different no. of algorithms such as hierarchical, partitioning, grid and density based algorithms. Hierarchical clustering is the connectivity based clustering. Partitioning is the centroid based clustering, the value of k-mean is set. Density based clusters are defined as area of higher density then the remaining of the data set. Grid based clustering is the fastest processing time that typically depends on the size of the grid instead of the data. The grid based methods use the single uniform grid mesh to partition the entire problem domain into cells. In this survey paper, a review of clustering and its different techniques in data mining is done.
DC/DC converter controlled power amplifier module for WCDMA applications

A single package power amplifier module with a GaAs PA and a Si DC/DC converter for WCDMA application is presented. Integration of a linear power amplifier and a power management chip is implemented to improve the efficiency of the PA at low output power by changing the supply voltage. Overall PA performance at 27.5dBm is identical to the discrete WCDMA power amplifier and the efficiency at 16dBm output power is improved from 8 ~ 9% at 3.4V supply voltage to 16.8% with the DC/DC converter. Receive band noise power is minimized to -135dBm/Hz at 190MHz offset by noise reduction techniques in the module
Automatic resource specification generation for resource selection

With an increasing number of available resources in large-scale distributed environments, a key challenge is resource selection. Fortunately, several middleware systems provide resource selection services. However, a user is still faced with a difficult question: "What should I ask for? " Since most users end up using naïve and suboptimal resource specifications, we propose an automated way to answer this question. We present an empirical model that given a workflow application (DAG-structured) generates an appropriate resource specification, including number of resources, the range of clock rates among the resources, and network connectivity. The model employs application structure information as well as an optional utility function that trades off cost and performance. With extensive simulation experiments for different types of applications, resource conditions, and scheduling heuristics, we show that our model leads consistently to close to optimal application performance and often reduces resource usage.
The construction of Islamic identity in everyday life : the case of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt

This thesis explores the formation of the Muslim Brotherhood (MB) identity in everyday life. It accounts for unpacking the underlying processes and factors that shape the identity of the MB’s members. It thus examines the MB’s recruitment and mobilization mechanisms, meaning and symbolic productions, social networking, and the resilience of the MB identity. This study attempts to answer a key question: how does the MB construct its identity in everyday life? It investigates the identification and socialization process that happens within the MB. The study reveals that ikhwanism, a sub-culture that encompasses and guides the MB leaders and members in everyday life, plays a pivotal role in preserving the MB’s identity. Ikhwanism denotes the cognitive system of norms, values, standards, and symbols that informs and guides the MB’s members in everyday life. Thus, to be an ikhwani does not only mean to embrace the MB’s ideology and worldview but also to act as a committed and obedient member in everyday life. Therefore, the study investigates the tools and mechanisms that are utilized by the MB in order to forge and reshape members’ perceptions and behaviour. In addition, the thesis explores the effects of the semi-authoritarian policies on the MB’s identity and coherence. It examines how the MB survived under the autocratic regime of Hosni Mubarak despite the relentless waves of repression and exclusion. The findings of the study reveal the ability of the MB to operate under regime repression and to sustain its coherence and identity. Primary data was collected through interviews with several members and leaders in the MB. The data reflects the complexity of the MB as a social organization. It demonstrates that the MB could blend the ideational and institutional factors in order to articulate and preserve its identity. Moreover, the findings of the study reveal the power struggle within the MB between the so-called conservatives and reformists. The study demonstrates that regime repression enabled the conservatives to control the MB at the expense of the reformists. It predicts that the former will likely control the MB for years to come.
Complexes of trees and nested set complexes

We exhibit an identity of abstract simplicial complexes between the well-studied complex of trees Tn and the reduced minimal nested set complex of the partition lattice. We conclude that the order complex of the partition lattice can be obtained from the complex of trees by a sequence of stellar subdivisions. We provide an explicit cohomology basis for the complex of trees that emerges naturally from this context. Motivated by these results, we review the generalization of complexes of trees to complexes of k-trees by Hanlon, and we propose yet another generalization, more natural in the context of nested set complexes.
Reference data for bone density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry in white children and young adults

Aims: To obtain normative data on bone mineral density and body composition measured with dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) from early childhood to young adulthood. Methods: Cross sectional results from 444 healthy white volunteers (4–20 years) in the Netherlands were combined with the results from 198 children who agreed to participate in the follow up study approximately four years later. DXA (Lunar, DPXL) of lumbar spine and total body was performed to assess bone density and body composition. Results: Bone density and lean body mass (LBM) increased with age. Maximal increase in bone density and LBM occurred around the age of 13 years in girls and approximately two years later in boys. Bone density of total body and lumbar spine showed an ongoing slight increase in the third decade. Mean fat percentage in boys remained at 10.5% throughout childhood, but increased in girls. Conclusions: Most of the skeletal mass in lumbar spine and total body is reached before the end of the second decade, with a slight increase thereafter. This study provides reference values for bone density and body composition measured with DXA for children and young adults.
The Role of Questioning as Thinking on Readers' Ability to Interact with Text

Adolescent literacy has become a major focus of educators in the United States. The Alliance for Excellent Education estimates that as many as 8 million middle and high school students read below grade level (Heller & Greenleaf, 2007). When 21 century skills that include learning and thinking skills are included, the number of at-risk adolescents further increases (Partnership for 21 Century Skills, 2006). There is a critical need for instruction of thinking skills in high schools today. Instruction in thinking skills requires transactional strategy instruction focused on metacognition. Transactional strategies instruction (Pressley, 2002) is when the teacher guides students to independently orchestrate many strategies during a single reading task. In order to assist students in doing this the teacher must also teach students to be metacognitive. Metacognition is the ability to monitor, assess, and repair understanding during the reading process. In this study high school students, thinking skills were enhanced through the transactional strategy of Questioning as Thinking (Wilson & Smetana, 2009).
Enron Emails as Graph Data Corpus for Large-scale Graph Querying Experimentation

In this paper we describe Enron email corpus in gr aph/network data format. Nodes of the graph are emails connected wit h named entities (NE) extracted from text like people, email addresses, t elephone numbers. Edges are links between NE representing concurrence in same e ail part, paragraph, sentence or composite NE. Enron Graph corpus contai ns few millions of nodes and it is quite large corpus for experimentin g with various graph querying techniques like graph traversing or spread of activation on graph. The idea is to make this data available for future expe rim nts.
Attitudes and Attributions Related to Psychological Symptomatology in Indian Immigrant Women

This study explored the patterns of attitudes and attributions associated with relatively high and low distress among a sample of (N = 104) immigrant women from India living in Montreal. Results showed the high distress group to be less satisfied with their roles in the home and in the job market, to be more in favor of modem sex roles, to want less to pass on traditional sex roles to their children, to attribute success and failure more to their own personal characteristics and less to destiny, and to perceive more racial discrimination in society. The findings underline the value of differentiating between aspects of immigration and incorporating social psychological variables in studies of possible links between immigration and distress.
Association of the Mediator complex with enhancers of active genes

The multiprotein Mediator complex has been shown to interact with gene-specific regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase II in vitro. Here, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation to analyze the recruitment of Mediator to GAL genes of yeast in vivo. We find that Mediator associates exclusively with transcriptionally active and not inactive GAL genes. This association maps to the upstream activating sequence, rather than the core promoter, and is independent of RNA polymerase II, general transcription factors, and core promoter sequences. These findings support the idea of Mediator as a primary conduit of regulatory information from enhancers to promoters in eukaryotic cells.