Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Confabulation behavior and false memories in Korsakoff's syndrome: Role of source memory and executive functioning

Aims: Confabulation behavior is common in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. A distinction can be made between spontaneous and provoked confabulations, which may have different underlying cognitive mechanisms. Provoked confabulations may be related to intrusions on memory tests, whereas spontaneous confabulations may be due to executive dysfunction or a source memory deficit.
Identification of eight candidate target genes of the recurrent 3p12–p14 loss in cervical cancer by integrative genomic profiling

The pathogenetic role, including its target genes, of the recurrent 3p12–p14 loss in cervical cancer has remained unclear. To determine the onset of the event during carcinogenesis, we used microarray techniques and found that the loss was the most frequent 3p event, occurring in 61% of 92 invasive carcinomas, in only 2% of 43 high‐grade intraepithelial lesions (CIN2/3), and in 33% of 6 CIN3 lesions adjacent to invasive carcinomas, suggesting a role in acquisition of invasiveness or early during the invasive phase. We performed an integrative DNA copy number and expression analysis of 77 invasive carcinomas, where all genes within the recurrent region were included. We selected eight genes, THOC7, PSMD6, SLC25A26, TMF1, RYBP, SHQ1, EBLN2, and GBE1, which were highly down‐regulated in cases with loss, as confirmed at the protein level for RYBP and TMF1 by immunohistochemistry. The eight genes were subjected to network analysis based on the expression profiles, revealing interaction partners of proteins encoded by the genes that were coordinately regulated in tumours with loss. Several partners were shared among the eight genes, indicating crosstalk in their signalling. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of biological processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, and stress response in the network and suggested a relationship between down‐regulation of the eight genes and activation of tumourigenic pathways. Survival analysis showed prognostic impact of the eight‐gene signature that was confirmed in a validation cohort of 74 patients and was independent of clinical parameters. These results support the role of the eight candidate genes as targets of the 3p12–p14 loss in cervical cancer and suggest that the strong selection advantage of the loss during carcinogenesis might be caused by a synergetic effect of several tumourigenic processes controlled by these targets. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E-learning and Disability: Accessibility as a Contribute to Inclusion

E-learning can offer great opportunities to students with disabilities, but still few practitioners know exactly how to make it accessible. Although there are many technical standards and specifics to make e-learning platforms accessible, the pedagogical and didactic perspective of accessibility is not enough studied; disabled students can access to the e-learning platform but not to contents, resources, activities, collaboration and interaction tools. Starting from the basic assumption that an e-learning course is really inclusive when accessibility is addressed both technically and pedagogically, this research has the purpose to examine methods, tools and practices to propose a reference model for designing accessible e-learning courses in the higher education context.
Human-like hand use in Australopithecus africanus

Getting a grip The evolution of the hand—particularly the opposable thumb—was key to the success of early humans. Without a precise grip, involving forceful opposition of thumb with fingers, tool technology could not have emerged. Skinner et al. analyzed the internal bone structure of Pliocene Australopithecus hands, dated at 3.2 million years old. Internal bone structure reveals the patterns and directions of forces operating on the hand, providing clues to the kinds of activities performed. Modern human-like hand postures consistent with the habitual use of tools appeared about half a million years earlier than the first archaeological evidence of stone tools. Science, this issue p. 395 The internal bone structure of Pliocene australopiths suggests that precision grip evolved 3.2 million years ago. The distinctly human ability for forceful precision and power “squeeze” gripping is linked to two key evolutionary transitions in hand use: a reduction in arboreal climbing and the manufacture and use of tools. However, it is unclear when these locomotory and manipulative transitions occurred. Here we show that Australopithecus africanus (~3 to 2 million years ago) and several Pleistocene hominins, traditionally considered not to have engaged in habitual tool manufacture, have a human-like trabecular bone pattern in the metacarpals consistent with forceful opposition of the thumb and fingers typically adopted during tool use. These results support archaeological evidence for stone tool use in australopiths and provide morphological evidence that Pliocene hominins achieved human-like hand postures much earlier and more frequently than previously considered.
Absorption of lactose and its digestion products i the normal and malnourished Ugandan.

Primary or specific lactase deficiency is very common in healthy members of the Baganda and other Bantu tribes of Uganda after the first three or four years of life (Cook and Kajubi, 1966; Cook, 1967). Secondary lactase deficiency has been recorded in some cases of kwashiorkor (Bowie, Brinkman, and Hansen, 1965; Stanfield, Hutt, and Tunnicliffe, 1965), where there is mucosal damage in the proximal jejunum. The functional importance of the lactase deficiency in both of these situations is not yet clear. The lactose-tolerance test has been widely used as a screening test for lactase deficiency and it is important to establish its true value. Several investigators have found a good correlation between the lactase level in specimens of jejunal mucosa and the maximum rise in blood glucose after lactose (Dunphy, Littman, Hammond, Forstner, Dahlqvist, and Crane, 1965; McMichael, Webb, and Dawson, 1965, 1966; Peternel, 1965; Cook and Kajubi, 1966; Welsh, 1966). Others have not found such a good association (Friedland, 1965; Newcomer and McGill, 1966a). The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between the rise in capillary blood glucose and percentage absorption of lactose digestion products from the jejunum after oral lactose. By an intubation technique the amount of unabsorbed lactose in the jejunum was measured. In a few subjects jejunal disaccharidase levels were also estimated. Two groups were studied: a series of relatively normal Ugandan hospital patients, and a group of children with mild to moderately severe kwashiorkor.
Electromagnetoelasticity Effect in Silicon

The paper is devoted to the study of the magnetostimulated dynamics of dislocations in silicon and the influence of electric current on this process. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that preliminary exposure of n-and p-type silicon single crystals in a constant magnetic field (B = 1 T, exposure time up to 30 minutes) leads to an increase in mobility of dislocation segments in them during plastic deformation of samples (Т=675 оС, σ=60–100 MPa, t=45–60 minutes). The quadratic dependence of the dislocation ranges on the induction of a constant magnetic field was found on the samples studied. A decrease in the activation characteristics of the process of displacement of linear defects during the flow of electric current during deformation is also detected: the transmission of electric current helps to reduce the activation energy of the process from 2.2± 0.2 eV to 0.7±0.1 eV. The observed changes are attributed to a decrease in the interaction energy of linear defects with dislocation stoppers based on the dopant.
Traffic sensitive algorithms and performance measures for the generation of self-organizing radio network schedules

The generation of transmission schedules for self-organizing radio networks by traffic-sensitive algorithms is described. A centralized 'Traffic' algorithm that can be used as a performance benchmark is presented. Also described is a distributed 'degree' algorithm that is a traffic-sensitized version of an algorithm developed by A. Ephremides and T. Truong (1990). Two performance measures for comparing schedules and simulation results are also presented. >
Analysis of Dendrite Images Formed by Electrochemical Migration in a Semiconductor Sensor

Dendrites were observed in the failure of semiconductor sensor devices. EDX analysis showed that the dendrites grown from bare sensor dice consisted of tin metal. The tin dendrites exhibited massive and dense branches. Dendrites grown from mechanically decapped parts consisted of silver. The silver dendrites exhibited delicate, lace-like structure. Binary and grey scale images of dendrites were analyzed for fractal dimension number and branch density. The tin dendrites had a higher, statistically significant branch density number than silver, due to tin’s more intricate branching pattern. Fractal numbers can be used to differentiate between tin and silver dendrites, even in the absence of EDX analysis equipment.
Power Control in Interference Channels With Class A Impulse Noise

In this letter, we consider optimal power allocation, with respect to sum capacity, for an interference channel affected by additive independent Class A impulse noise. The probability distribution of the sum of a Gaussian and a Class A distributed variable is derived, and the result is exploited to derive the sum capacity of an interference channel with independent Class A distributed impulse noise. Moreover, we show that the optimal power allocation strategy for the Class A interference channel can differ significantly from the solution to the commonly used additive white Gaussian noise interference channel.
Natural Therapeutic Options in Endodontics - A Review

Complete eradication of microbial biofilms and elimination of the smear layer are the key factors during endodontic treatment. Various chemical irrigants have been proposed in the literature for the same. The major setback with these chemical irrigants is that they are not bio-friendly to the dental and peri-radicular tissues. In the recent years, research to use natural products for root canal disinfection has gained importance. The aim of this article is to compile various herbal products that have been used as an irrigants and intracanal medicaments in the field of Endodontics to eradicate the biofilm and remove smear layer.
Genetic analysis of response regulator activation in bacterial chemotaxis suggests an intermolecular mechanism

Response regulator proteins of two‐component systems are usually activated by phosphorylation. The phosphorylated response regulator protein CheY∼P mediates the chemotaxis response in Escherichia coli. We performed random mutagenesis and selected CheY mutants that are constitutively active in the absence of phosphorylation. Although a single amino acid substitution can lead to constitutive activation, no single DNA base change can effect such a transition. Numerous different sets of mutations that activate in synergy were selected in several different combinations. These mutations were all located on the side of CheY defined by α4, β5, α5, and α1. Our findings argue against the two‐state hypothesis for response regulator activation. We propose an alternative intermolecular mechanism that involves a dynamic interplay between response regulators and their effector targets.
Paraneoplastic Leukemoid Reaction in Solid Tumors

Leukemoid reaction is defined as leucocytosis >50,000/&mgr;L. When it occurs in association with a malignancy, and infection or leukemia has been ruled out, it is termed as paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction. A patient presented with fatigue, generalized weakness, and abdominal distension and was incidentally noted to have a white blood cell count of 139,000/&mgr;L. Leukemia was ruled out by peripheral smear and flow cytometry. Computed tomography–guided biopsy of thickened omentum revealed poorly differentiated metastatic carcinoma. He died 3 days after admission with a peak white blood cell count of 180,000/&mgr;L. Previous reports and pathophysiology of paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction are reviewed.
Thermal conductivity of aerogel blanket insulation under cryogenic-vacuum conditions in different gas environments

Thermal conductivity of low-density materials in thermal insulation systems varies dramatically with the environment: cold vacuum pressure, residual gas composition, and boundary temperatures. Using a reference material of aerogel composite blanket (reinforcement fibers surrounded by silica aerogel), an experimental basis for the physical heat transmission model of aerogel composites and other low-density, porous materials is suggested. Cryogenic-vacuum testing between the boundary temperatures of 78 K and 293 K is performed using a one meter cylindrical, absolute heat flow calorimeter with an aerogel blanket specimen exposed to different gas environments of nitrogen, helium, argon, or CO2. Cold vacuum pressures include the full range from 1×10-5 torr to 760 torr. The soft vacuum region, from about 0.1 torr to 10 torr, is complex and difficult to model because all modes of heat transfer – solid conduction, radiation, gas conduction, and convection – are significant contributors to the total heat flow. Therefore, the soft vacuum tests are emphasized for both heat transfer analysis and practical thermal data. Results for the aerogel composite blanket are analyzed and compared to data for its component materials. With the new thermal conductivity data, future applications of aerogel-based insulation systems are also surveyed. These include Mars exploration and surface systems in the 5 torr CO2 environment, field joints for vacuum-jacketed cryogenic piping systems, common bulkhead panels for cryogenic tanks on space launch vehicles, and liquid hydrogen cryofuel systems with helium purged conduits or enclosures.
Revealing interdyad differences in naturally occurring staff reactions to challenging behaviour of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities by means of Clusterwise Hierarchical Classes Analysis (HICLAS).

BACKGROUND Investigating interdyad (i.e. couples of a client and their usual caregiver) differences in naturally occurring patterns of staff reactions to challenging behaviour (e.g. self-injurious, stereotyped and aggressive/destructive behaviour) of clients with severe or profound intellectual disabilities is important to optimise client-staff interactions. Most studies, however, fail to combine a naturalistic setup with a person-level analysis, in that they do not involve a careful inspection of the interdyad differences and similarities. METHOD In this study, the recently proposed Clusterwise Hierarchical Classes Analysis (HICLAS) method is adopted and applied to data of in which video fragments (recorded in a naturalistic setting) of a client showing challenging behaviour and the staff reacting to it were analysed. In a Clusterwise HICLAS analysis, the staff-client dyads are grouped into a number of clusters and the prototypical behaviour-reaction patterns that are specific for each cluster (i.e. interdyad differences and similarities) are revealed. RESULTS Clusterwise HICLAS discloses clear interdyad differences (and similarities) in the prototypical patterns of clients' challenging behaviour and the associated staff reactions, complementing and qualifying the results of earlier studies in which only general patterns were disclosed. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness and clinical relevance of Clusterwise HICLAS is demonstrated. In particular, Clusterwise HICLAS may capture idiosyncratic aspects of staff-client interactions, which may stimulate direct support workers to adopt person-centred support practices that take the specific abilities of the client into account.
Evaluation of Stray Light Correction for the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) from Landsat 8

The Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) of Landsat 8 suffers from a stray light issue, where out of field-of-view (FOV) radiance reflects into the optical system and is recorded by the sensors. This is confirmed to be resulting from a defect in hardware of the third order lens. The TIRS-on-TIRS algorithm has been proposed to be an operational correction algorithm. This algorithm has an advantage of simple and easy processing steps. However, no comprehensive evaluation of the TIRS-on-TIRS algorithm has been performed to this point. This thesis addresses a full evaluation of the performance of the algorithm with two datasets; especially associated with two artifacts related to the stray light issue: absolute radiometric error and ”banding” effect. The dataset with truth, MODIS, demonstrates a good performance of the TIRS-on-TIRS algorithm in terms of both absolute radiometric error and the ”banding” effect on all situations except for a higher absolute error for desert scenes after correction. The dataset without truth shows good consistency in terms of absolute radiometric error and no worse performance on the worst situations. Residual pattern error was found with band 11, but almost none in band 10. This should be taken into consideration for further calibration work.
Human serum albumin: A modulator of cannabinoid drugs

The endocannabinoid system is a unique neuromodulatory system that affects a wide range of biological processes and maintains the homeostasis in all mammal body systems. In recent years, several pharmacological tools to target endocannabinoid neurotransmission have been developed, including direct and indirect cannabinoid agonists and cannabinoid antagonists. Due to their hydrophobic nature, cannabinoid agonists and antagonists need to bind specific transporters to allow their distribution in body fluids. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, is a key determinant of drug pharmacokinetics. As HSA binds both the endocannabinoid anandamide and the active ingredient of Cannabis sativa, Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, we hypothesize that HSA can be the most important carrier of cannabinoid drugs. In silico docking observations strongly indicate that HSA avidly binds the indirect cannabinoid agonists URB597, AM5206, JZL184, JZL195, and AM404, the direct cannabinoid agonists WIN55,212-2 and CP55,940, and the prototypical cannabinoid antagonist/inverse agonist SR141716. Values of the free energy for cannabinoid drugs binding to HSA range between −5.4 kcal mol–1 and −10.9 kcal mol–1. Accounting for the HSA concentration in vivo (∼ 7.5 × 10–4 M), values of the free energy here determined suggest that the formation of the HSA:cannabinoid drug complexes may occur in vivo. Therefore, HSA appears to be an important determinant for cannabinoid efficacy and may guide the choice of the drug dose regimen to optimize drug efficacy and to avoid drug‐related toxicity. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(11):834–840, 2017.
Genotyping Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in Latin America

Introduction: Frequency of mutations in EGFR and KRAS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is different between ethnic groups; however, there is no information in Latin-American population. Methods: A total of 1150 biopsies of NSCLC patients from Latin America (Argentina, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico) were used extracting genomic DNA to perform direct sequencing of EGFR gene (exons 18 and 21) and KRAS gene in 650 samples. In Mexico, Scorpions ARMS was also used to obtain a genetic profile. Results: We report the frequency of mutations in EGFR and KRAS genes in four Latin-American countries (n = 1150). Frequency of EGFR mutations in NSCLC was 33.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 30.5–35.9) (Argentina 19.3%, Colombia 24.8%, Mexico 31.2%, and Peru 67%). The frequency of KRAS mutations was 16.6% (95% CI 13.8–19.4). EGFR mutations were independently associated with adenocarcinoma histology, older age, nonsmokers, and absence of KRAS mutations. Overall response rate to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR-mutated patients (n = 56) was 62.5% (95% CI 50–75) with a median overall survival of 16.5 months (95% CI 12.4–20.6). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the frequency of EGFR mutations in Latin America lies between that of Asian and Caucasian populations and therefore support the genetic heterogeneity of NSCLC around the world.
Quantitative and in toto imaging in ascidians: Working toward an image‐centric systems biology of chordate morphogenesis

Developmental biology relies heavily on microscopy to image the finely controlled cell behaviors that drive embryonic development. Most embryos are large enough that a field of view with the resolution and magnification needed to resolve single cells will not span more than a small region of the embryo. Ascidian embryos, however, are sufficiently small that they can be imaged in toto with fine subcellular detail using conventional microscopes and objectives. Unlike other model organisms with particularly small embryos, ascidians have a chordate embryonic body plan that includes a notochord, hollow dorsal neural tube, heart primordium and numerous other anatomical details conserved with the vertebrates. Here we compare the size and anatomy of ascidian embryos with those of more traditional model organisms, and relate these features to the capabilities of both conventional and exotic imaging methods. We review the emergence of Ciona and related ascidian species as model organisms for a new era of image‐based developmental systems biology. We conclude by discussing some important challenges in ascidian imaging and image analysis that remain to be solved. genesis 53:143–159, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distinct patterns of cortical thinning in concurrent motor and attention disorders

Many neurodevelopmental disorders co‐occur yet are rarely studied in terms of brain development. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) co‐occur at a high frequency and are associated with functional and structural brain alterations. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of comorbid motor and attention problems influence cortical thickness in children and whether the pattern of changes for concurrent disorders is distinct from the alterations seen in single disorders.
Target-specific oral anticoagulants in patients undergoing cardioversion.

PURPOSE Published evidence on the use of target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOAs) versus traditional warfarin therapy in patients undergoing cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF) is reviewed. SUMMARY A literature search for published studies evaluating the TSOAs apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban as alternatives to warfarin for the prevention of thromboembolic events before and after cardioversion for AF identified a limited number of pertinent articles. Three of the four identified articles presented the results of retrospective analyses of data on TSOA use in relatively small cohorts of patients with AF who underwent cardioversion procedures during large clinical trials (RE-LY, ROCKET AF, and ARISTOTLE) that were not specifically designed to assess outcomes with TSOA use versus warfarin use. Those post hoc analyses did not indicate significant differences between groups of TSOA- and warfarin-treated patients in any of the clinical outcomes evaluated, including rates of stroke, systemic embolism, acute myocardial infarction, bleeding events, and 30-day and longer-term mortality. Anticipated reports on two trials of rivaroxaban (one recently completed and another scheduled for completion in 2014) are expected to provide additional insights on optimal strategies for anticoagulant prophylaxis in the context of AF cardioversion. CONCLUSION A limited body of published evidence suggests that dabigatran and apixaban may be effective alternatives to warfarin for anticoagulation therapy in patients with AF undergoing cardioversion. Careful consideration of the risks and benefits of TSOA versus warfarin use and patient preferences are key factors in appropriate drug selection.