Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of distinct modulation techniques applied to PMSG drives for wind turbine applications under faulty operating conditions

This paper presents a comparative study of two alternative modulation techniques for vector control strategies applied to permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drives for wind turbine applications, under normal and faulty operating conditions. The full-scale power converter comprises two three-phase voltage source converters controlled by a rotor field oriented control and by a voltage oriented control, requiring both strategies a modulation technique. The system performance is evaluated by comparing the hysteresis current control with the space vector modulation technique, considering single power switch open-circuit faults in each power converter. In order to compare the drive performance, some key parameters are analyzed, such as the current rms and distortion values, power factor, dc link voltage and electromagnetic torque oscillation, and the overall drive efficiency. Simulation results under three distinct operating conditions are presented.
Telomerase Activity in Human Breast Tumors

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto the ends of chromosomes, thereby preventing the replication-dependent shortening of these ends. Telomerase activity is detected in a wide range of cancers of various tissues, and its expression may. be a critical step in tumor progression. OUf objective was to determine if detection of telomerase activity may be an indicator for diagnosis of breast cancer and any association between telomerase activity and prognostic factors of breast cancer. Using a polymerase chain reaction-based telomera<;e activity assay, we examined telomerase activity in 30 breast cancer specimens (2 ductal carcinoma in situ, 28 invasive ductal carcinoma), 25 benign lesions (14 fibroadenomas, 11 fibrocystic diseases) and 24 nonnal breast tissues (13 adjacent to malignancy, 11 adjacent to benign lesion). Among surgically resected samples, telomerase activity was detected in 23 (77%) of 30 breast cancers. While telomerase activity was not detected in any of 11 specimens of fibrocystic disease and 11 adjacent nonnal tissues to benign lesion, surprisingly low levels of telomerase activity were detected in 5 (36%) of 14 fiboadenomas and 1 (7%) of 13 adjacent normal tissues to malignancy. There was no significant difference in expression of telomerase among prognostic factors of breast cancer. In summary, telomerase activity in breast cancer may be useful in diagnosis of breast cancer. We found no correlation between telomerase activity and stage, tumor size or LN status. Mechanisms of telomerase expression are still under investigation; therefore, the significance of telomerase expression in malignant tumors and their progression remains to be detennined. (Korean J of Breast Cancer 1998;1:203-207)
Genetic characterization of transactivation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter: Binding of Tax to Tax-responsive element 1 is mediated by the cyclic AMP-responsive members of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors

To achieve a better understanding of the mechanism of transactivation by Tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax-responsive element 1 (TRE-1), we developed a genetic approach with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We constructed a yeast reporter strain containing the lacZ gene under the control of the CYC1 promoter associated with three copies of TRE-1. Expression of either the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) or CREB fused to the GAL4 activation domain (GAD) in this strain did not modify the expression of the reporter gene. Tax alone was also inactive. However, expression of the reporter gene was induced by coexpression of Tax and CREB. This effect was stronger with the GAD-CREB fusion protein. Analysis of different CREB mutants with this genetic system indicated that the C-terminal 92 amino acid residues, which include the basic domain and the leucine zipper, are necessary and sufficient to mediate transactivation by Tax. To identify cellular proteins binding to TRE-1 in a Tax-dependent manner, this strain was also used to screen a library of human cDNAs fused to GAD. Of five positive clones isolated from 0.75 x 10(6) yeast colonies, four were members of the CREB/activating transcription factor (ATF) family: CREB, two isoforms of the cyclic AMP-responsive element modulator (CREM), and ATF-1. Interestingly, these three proteins can be phosphorylated by protein kinase A and thus form a particular subgroup within the CREB/ATF family. Expression of ATF-2 in S. cerevisiae did not activate TRE-1 in the presence of Tax. This shows that in a eukaryotic nucleus, Tax specifically interacts with the basic domain-leucine zipper region of ATF-1, CREB, and CREM. The fifth clone identified in this screening corresponded to the Ku autoantigen p70 subunit. When fused to GAD, the C-terminal region of Ku was able to activate transcription via TRE-1 but this activation was not dependent on Tax.
Postoperative goal-directed therapy and development of acute kidney injury following major elective noncardiac surgery: post-hoc analysis of POM-O randomized controlled trial

Abstract Background: The role of goal-directed therapy (GDT) in preventing creatinine rise following noncardiac surgery is unclear. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial to assess the relationship between postoperative optimization of oxygen delivery and development of acute kidney injury (AKI)/creatinine rise following noncardiac surgery. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned immediately postoperatively to receive either fluid and/or dobutamine therapy to maintain/restore their preoperative oxygen delivery, or protocolized standard care (oxygen delivery only recorded). Primary end point was serial changes in postoperative creatinine within 48 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were development of AKI (KDIGO criteria) and minimal creatinine rise (MCR; no decline from preoperative creatinine), related to all-cause morbidity and length of stay. Results: Postoperative reductions in serum creatinine were similar (P = 0.76) in patients randomized to GDT [10 µmol/L (95% confidence interval, CI: 17 to −1); n = 95] or protocolized care [8 µmol/L (95% CI: 17 to −6); n = 92]. Postoperative haemodynamic management was not associated with the development of MCR [78/187 (41.7%)] or AKI [13/187; (7.0%)]. Intraoperative requirement for norepinephrine was more likely in patients who developed postoperative rises in creatinine [relative risk (RR): 1.66 (95% CI: 1.04–2.67); P = 0.04], despite similar volumes of intraoperative fluid being administered. Persistently higher lactate during the intervention period was associated with AKI (mean difference: 1.15 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.48–1.81); P = 0.01]. Prolonged hospital stay was associated with AKI but not MCR [RR: 2.71 (95% CI: 1.51–4.87); P = 0.0008]. Conclusion: These data provide further insights into how perioperative haemodynamic alterations relate to postoperative increases in creatinine once systemic inflammation is established.
Report ion Patterns

Foraging insect pollinators such as beesmust find and identify flowers in a complex visual environment. Bees use skylight polarization patterns for navigation [1–3], a capacity mediated by the polarization-sensitive dorsal rim area (DRA) of their eye [4, 5]. While other insects use polarization sensitivity to identify appropriate habitats [6], oviposition sites, and food sources [7], to date no nonnavigational functions of polarization vision have been identified in bees. Here we investigated the ability of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) to learn polarization patterns on artificial ‘‘flowers’’ in order to obtain a food reward. We show that foraging bumblebees can learn to discriminate between two differently polarized targets, but only when the target artificial ‘‘flower’’ is viewed from below. A context for these results is provided by polarization imaging of bee-pollinated flowers, revealing the potential for polarization patterns in real flowers. Bees may therefore have the ability to use polarization vision, possibly mediated by their polarization-sensitive DRA, both for navigation and to learn polarization patterns on flowers, the latter being the first nonnavigational function for bee polarization vision to be identified.
Deep residual learning for remote sensed imagery pansharpening

We proposed a deep convolutional network for multi-spectral image pan-sharpening to overcome the drawbacks of traditional methods and improve the fusion accuracy. To break the performance limitation of deep networks, residual learning with specific adaption to image fusion tasks is applied to optimize the architecture of proposed network. Results of adequate experiments support that our model can yield high resolution multi-spectral images with state-of-the-art qualities, as the information in both spatial and spectral domains has been accurately preserved.
Compact ultra wideband circular patch microstrip antenna

A compact microstrip antenna with ultra wide bandwidth is presented. The proposed antenna is circular patch with truncated ground plane. The total size of antenna is 25.5×16×1.6 mm3. The dimensional parameters for the antenna are introduced and their effects on the frequency characteristics have been investigated through parametric study. Four notches with proper size and position are inserted in the radiating patch. Very good radiation and impedance characteristics were obtained. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna with optimized parameter from 3.675 GHz to 19.218 GHz (about 15.5 GHz of bandwidth) with S11<; -10dB.
Micro and nanostructures found on insect wings – designs for minimising adhesion and friction

Adhesion and friction have been measured on insect wings where contamination (water and/or contaminating particles) can potentially have a detrimental effect on their flight capabilities or daily functioning. Adhesional forces as low as 2 nN were recorded in air for particles with radii of 10-15 nm, and 20 nN for particles of 31 mm radius. The effective coefficients of friction were in the range of 0.01 to 0.10. The low adhesion and frictional values demonstrate that only very low out-of-plane and in-plane forces are required to remove contaminants of nanometre and micron dimensions from the cuticle membranes. Many of the surfaces demonstrate superhydrophobic properties and will not only reduce the effects of contact with surfaces but also promote a self-cleaning function for removing foreign bodies. It has also been demonstrated that surface structures and properties can be duplicated on polymer surfaces by using the wing membrane as a 'natural template'.
Directed Forgetting of a Single Item

In two experiments, we investigated directed forgetting of a single item. We presented participants with two phone numbers to remember and instructed half of the participants to forget the first phone number. The first number was either learned on a single trial (Experiment 1) or on three trials (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, there was evidence of directed forgetting as a result of differential encoding; the forget instruction affected recall and recognition for both phone numbers. In Experiment 2, the evidence favored differential rehearsal because the forget instruction affected recall but not recognition. These results indicate that instructions to forget can affect memory of single items.
Attentive Navigation for Viewpoint Control in Virtual Environments

Three-dimensional virtual environments and teleoperation activities depend on the ability to position an egocentric viewpoint at meaningful locations. Evidence from foundational research has led to the development of control strategies that generally adopt an all-or-nothing approach to guiding the viewer to useful vistas. This work examines attentive navigation, a technique for partially automating viewpoint control to promote a supportive yet unscripted exploration of a virtual environment. A collection of three experiments was designed to assess the effectiveness of attentive navigation versus commonly used free navigation techniques. Results show that this approach has promising consequences for improving object recognition, developing an understanding of the configuration of objects, and searching for target objects. Actual or potential applications of this research include improved interaction techniques for extracting information from visual representations, virtual environments, and teleoperation experiences.
Performance of one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal in a biofilm reactor with low C/N ratio

Wastewater with C/N ratios ranging from 1.00 to 0.33 caused by a gradual increase in influent concentration was used to evaluate the performance of the one-stage nitrogen removal process in a biofilm reactor. The system was operated for 197 days under chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 250 mg L−1 and influent concentrations ranging from 250 to 750 mg L−1. The effects of the C/N ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO) on nitrogen removal were evaluated at different influent C/N ratios and DO concentrations, respectively. The microbial composition of the system was examined by scanning electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and the relative contribution of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) to nitrogen removal was assessed by calculating the average rates of ANAMMOX and denitrification in batch experiments. Results showed that the removal efficiencies of total nitrogen (TN), and COD were 74–97%, 75–99% and 64–97%, respectively. The C/N ratio had a significant influence on nitrogen removal efficiency when it was decreased from 1.00 to 0.70, but no significant change was observed when it was reduced from 0.70 to 0.33. DO also correlated with the concentration in the influent, and 3.0 mg L−1 was found to be a suitable concentration for the influent concentration of 450 ± 5 mg L−1. Analysis of microbial composition of the system revealed that biofilm and activated sludge were mainly composed of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and denitrifying bacteria. Activity tests suggested that AnAOB played an important role in the one-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal process, contributing to about 52.7% of total TN removal via ANAMMOX.
Cellulose sulfate suppresses immunoglobulin E production by murine B lymphocytes in vitro.

BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin (Ig) E plays an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma.We previously reported that a sulfate polysaccharide, fucoidan, suppressed IgE production by murine B cells in vitro. However, the mechanism by which fucoidan suppresses IgE production remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We incorporated sulfate groups into cellulose and studied their biological characteristics in vitro to explore the possibility of converting biologically neutral polysaccharides to active reagents with antiallergic functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cellulose was chemically processed using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and DMF-sulfurtrioxide and recovered as cellulose sulfate with a molecular weight of around 10 kDa. We then studied the effect of cellulose sulfate on IgE production from B cells, IgE class-switching, and populations of IgE-secreting B cells prepared from murine spleen. We also investigated the effects of sulfated cellulose on the production of interleukin (IL) 4 and interferon (IFN) gamma and the expression of T-bet mRNA by splenic T cells. The cytotoxicity of cellulose sulfate was also examined. RESULTS Cellulose sulfate suppressed IgE production in B cells stimulated with IL-4 and anti-CD40 antibody by inhibiting IgE class-switch recombination and decreasing the number of IgE-secreting B cells in vitro. Moreover, both cellulose sulfate and fucoidan suppressed IL-4 production and enhanced IFN-gamma production by murine T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, despite the decrease in T-bet mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Cellulose gains an antiallergic effect on B cells and T cells with the addition of sulfate groups.
A Defensive Mechanism based on PCA to Defend Denial-of-Service Attack

The Network security is the implementation of policies to prevent unauthorized access and to detect attacks in network traffic. The main aim is to preserve the system with respect to confidentiality, availability and integrity. Various network security threats are affecting the Internet and the most important one is Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, which are most difficult to address as they are very effortless to launch, difficult to track. Multivariate Correlation Analysis (MCA) is an existing method is used to detect both unknown and known attacks. It is done by extracting the geometrical correlations between network traffic features. The unknown and known DoS attacks will be differentiated by the system from legitimate network traffic. But it cannot be possible to detect the Land, Teardrop and Neptune attacks. This in-turn increases the system complexity and it could be lowered by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA performs dimensionality reduction in order to reduce the cost of computation. Histogram based images are compared in order to detect all known and unknown DoS attacks efficiently. The detection of DoS attacks will be improved and it can be measured using parameters such as Accuracy, Detection rate, True negative rate and the False positive rate. Anomaly based classification could be used for better outsourcing performance in detection of unknown and known DoS attack.
Measuring the impact of utility services for a Smart City infrastructure using an Input-Output approach

The Smart City concept has been widely studied and used to justify the implementation of infrastructure and technological solutions such as sensors and software in cities in order to optimize resources and the welfare of citizens. Legal metrology plays an important role in this context since most of the measurement systems in a smart city, such as smart grids are under its regulation. However these solutions in measurements are expensive and the benefits shall surpass the costs in order apply a technological measurement infrastructure. The present study uses an Input-Output technique in order to evaluate the impact of the utility services, one of services optimized by smart metering system in a Smart City context. The model was applied in the world’s tenth biggest economies. The results show that an improvement of 1% in the water collection, treatment and supply; electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply represent USD 68.09 billion. This monetary value can be used as a cost benefit ratio in order to invest in technological infrastructure focused on utilities.
Geometric Inversion of Two-Dimensional Stokes Flows – Application to the Flow between Parallel Planes

Geometric inversion is applied to two-dimensional Stokes flow in view to find new Stokes flow solutions. The principle of this method and the relations between the reference and inverse fluid velocity fields are presented. They are followed by applications to the flow between two parallel plates induced by a rotating or a translating cylinder. Thus hydrodynamic characteristics of flow around circular bodies obtained by inversion of the plates are thus deduced. Typically fluid flow patterns around two circular cylinders in contact placed in the centre of a rotating or a translating circular cylinder are illustrated.
Estimates of Natural Selection in a Salmon Population in Captive and Natural Environments

Abstract: Captive breeding is a commonly used strategy for species conservation. One risk of captive breeding is domestication selection—selection for traits that are advantageous in captivity but deleterious in the wild. Domestication selection is of particular concern for species that are bred in captivity for many generations and that have a high potential to interbreed with wild populations. Domestication is understood conceptually at a broad level, but relatively little is known about how natural selection differs empirically between wild and captive environments. We used genetic parentage analysis to measure natural selection on time of migration, weight, and morphology for a coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) population that was subdivided into captive and natural components. Our goal was to determine whether natural selection acting on the traits we measured differed significantly between the captive and natural environments. For males, larger individuals were favored in both the captive and natural environments in all years of the study, indicating that selection on these traits in captivity was similar to that in the wild. For females, selection on weight was significantly stronger in the natural environment than in the captive environment in 1 year and similar in the 2 environments in 2 other years. In both environments, there was evidence of selection for later time of return for both males and females. Selection on measured traits other than weight and run timing was relatively weak. Our results are a concrete example of how estimates of natural selection during captivity can be used to evaluate this common risk of captive breeding programs.
Title: Revisiting the Effects of Anger on Risk-Taking: Empirical and Meta-Analytic Evidence for Differences between Males and Females

That anger elicited in one situation can carry over to drive risky behavior in another situation has been described since the days of Aristotle. The present studies examine the mechanisms through which and the conditions under which such behavior occurs. Across three experiments, as well as a meta-analytic synthesis of the data, results reveal that incidental anger is significantly more likely to drive risky decision making among males than among females. Moreover, the experiments document that, under certain circumstances, such risk-taking pays off financially. Indeed, the present experiments demonstrate that, because the expected-valuemaximizing strategy in these studies rewarded risk-taking, angry-male individuals earned more money than did both neutral-emotion males and angry females. In sum, these studies found evidence for robust disparities between males and females for anger-driven risk-taking. Importantly, although men did not experience more anger than women, they did show a heightened tendency to respond to anger with risk-taking.