Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Semi-supervised transliteration mining from parallel and comparable corpora

Transliteration is the process of writing a word (mainly proper noun) from one language in the alphabet of another language. This process requires mapping the pronunciation of the word from the source language to the closest possible pronunciation in the target language. In this paper we introduce a new semi-supervised transliteration mining method for parallel and comparable corpora. The method is mainly based on a new suggested Three Levels of Similarity (TLS) scores to extract the transliteration pairs. The first level calculates the similarity of of all vowel letters and consonants letters. The second level calculates the similarity of long vowels and vowel letters at beginning and end position of the words and consonants letters. The third level calculates the similarity consonants letters only. We applied our method on Arabic-English parallel and comparable corpora. We evaluated the extracted transliteration pairs using a statistical based transliteration system. This system is built using letters instead or words as tokens. The transliteration system achieves an accuracy of 0.50 and a mean F-score 0.8958 when trained on transliteration pairs extracted from a parallel corpus. The accuracy is 0.30 and the mean F-score 0.84 when we used instead a comparable corpus to automatically extract the transliteration pairs. This shows that the proposed semi-supervised transliteration mining algorithm is effective and can be applied to other language pairs. We also evaluated two segmentation techniques and reported the impact on the transliteration performance.
Teacher Recruitment in a School Reform State: Factors That Influence Applicant Attraction to Teaching Vacancies

This study addressed applicant reactions to teaching positions announced in recruitment media. The independent variables were school classification based on standardized student achievement tests (in need of assistance, progressing, meets goal), signing bonus (10% initial signing bonus, no bonus), and teaching experience (experienced, inexperienced). The dependent variable was applicant rating of the job. The design was a 2 × 2 × (3 × S) split-plot ANOVA. Applicants rated jobs at in-need-of-assistance schools lower than jobs at progressing schools and meets-goal schools, and progressing schools were rated lower than meets-goal schools (ω = .52). Inexperienced teachers rated jobs more favorably than experienced teachers, holding all other factors constant (ω = .113). There was also a significant school classification by signing bonus interaction (ω = .02). Results affect teacher recruitment practice and future research.
Distant Speech Recognition: No Black Boxes Allowed

A complete system for distant speech recognition (DSR) typically consists of several distinct components. While it is tempting to isolate and optimize each component individually, experience has proven that such an approach cannot lead to optimal performance. In this talk, we will discuss several examples of the interactions between the individual components of a DSR system. In addition, we will describe the synergies that become possible as soon as each component is no longer treated as a “black box”. To wit, instead of treating each component as having solely an input and an output, it is necessary to peal back the lid and look inside. It is only then that it becomes apparent how the individual components of a DSR system can be viewed not as separate entities, but as the various organs of a complete body, and how optimal performance of such a system can be obtained.
Synthesis of Dance Performance Based on Analyses of Human Motion and Music

Recent progress in robotics has a great potential, and we are considering to develop a dancing humanoid robot for entertainment robots. In this paper, we propose three fundamental methods of a dancing robot aimed at the sound feedback system in which a robot listens to music and automatically synthesizes dance motion based on the musical features. The first study analyzes the relationship between motion and musical rhythm and extracts important features for imitating human dance motion. The second study models modification of upper body motion based on the speed of played music so that a humanoid robot dances to a faster musical speed. The third study automatically synthesizes dance performance that reflects both rhythm and mood of input music.
Invisible Nursing Research

In this this essay, the author addresses the close connection between mixed methods research and nursing practice. If the assertion that research and practice are parallel processes is accepted, then nursing practice may be considered “invisible mixed methods research,” in that almost every encounter between a nurse and a patient involves collection and integration of qualitative (word) and quantitative (number) information that actually is single-case mixed methods research.
Using Honeyclients to Detect Malicious Websites

Using malicious sites to launch attacks against client user applications is a growing threat in recent years. This led to emergence of new technologies to counter and detect this type of client-side attacks. One of these technologies is honeyclient. Honeyclients crawl the Internet to find and identify web servers that exploit client-side vulnerabilities. In this paper, we address honeyclients by studying and analyzing low and high interactive honeyclients. We introduce comparison attributes to evaluate honeyclients, and applying them to compare among HoneyC and Capture as examples on each type. Moreover, we present some techniques can be used by malicious websites to counter and fingerprint honeyclients, and we make recommendations to overcome these evasion techniques.
An Integrated Model for Teaching Management Skills

This article addresses the need for a comprehensive method of teaching management, with an emphasis on skill development. Using an inductive/deductive learning framework to critique several popular teaching methods, a model is proposed that integrates the best of several methods. This model places equal emphasis on thinking and doing, learning and applying. Five learning activities constitute the model: experience, understand, practice, reflect, and apply. Specific classroom activities, discussion questions, and learning objectives are provided as illustrations for each of the five learning activities.
Comprehensive Diagnostic Assessment of Health Status of Patients with Asthma or COPD: A Delphi Panel Study among Dutch Experts

ABSTRACT A comprehensive diagnostic assessment is needed to improve understanding of the health status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. Therefore, this study investigated which components and subsequent instruments should be part of a holistic assessment in secondary care. We also explored which data need to be exchanged for an adequate transfer of patients between primary and secondary care, and vice versa. A cross-sectional Web-based survey was conducted among Dutch healthcare professionals using a Delphi-like procedure; these included professionals working in primary or secondary care, medical advisors of health insurance companies and patients' representatives. The national guidelines were used as a starting point, resulting in a questionnaire addressing 55 components related to a comprehensive diagnostic assessment, covering the domains physiological impairments, symptoms, functional limitations and quality of life. Of the 151 experts and stakeholders invited, 92 (60.9%) completed the first round and 79 (52.3%) the second round; most respondents were pulmonologists. There was a high level of agreement between respondents from primary versus secondary care regarding which components should be measured during a comprehensive assessment of patients with asthma or COPD in secondary care and the instruments to measure these components. Regarding the exchange of information, upon referral, pulmonologists required little information from the general practitioners, whereas general practitioners required more extensive information after referral. An overview is provided of what should be part of a holistic assessment of health status in asthma and COPD. This information can be used as input for integrated care pathways.
Marital Adjustment, Parental Functioning, and Emotional Sharing in War Veterans

The current study aimed to examine the implications of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and emotional sharing in marital adjustment and parental functioning among Israeli veterans of the 1982 Lebanon War. The sample consisted of combat stress reaction (CSR) veterans (n = 264) and non-CSR veterans (n = 209). Results show that traumatized veterans reported lower levels of marital adjustment and more problems in parental functioning. Furthermore, higher levels of posttraumatic symptoms, especially avoidance symptoms, were related to a decrease in marital adjustment and parental functioning. Most important, emotional sharing was found to moderate the relation between posttraumatic stress disorder severity and parental functioning. Possible explanations, limitations of the current study, and recommendations for future research are presented.
Outage Analysis and Optimization of DF-Based Multi-Hop Transmission for Fading Channels With Large Path-Loss Exponent

In this paper, we propose a novel class of a decode-and-forward-based (DF) multi-hop transmission system where the relays forward the source data simultaneously and derive a closed-form expression of the outage probability. In addition, we provide an optimization method and a complexity-reduced optimization method. Monte Carlo simulations verify the validity of our theoretical analysis, compare the performance of two optimization methods, and compare the outage probabilities of the proposed multi-hop system with those of the conventional multi-hop system and the direct transmission system.
Achieving Competency with Transgender Youth: School Counselors as Collaborative Advocates

The article applies the American Counseling Association Competencies for Counseling with Transgender Clients to transgender and gender nonconforming students, thereby assisting school counselors in understanding how to apply the competencies to their school setting. Drawing upon their experience as educators, feminists, and safe schools activists, the authors provide collaboration-specific strategies school counselors can use to advocate with students, parents, school personnel, community members, and other stakeholders on behalf of transgender youth across grade levels. Guided by feminist and social justice perspectives, the school counselor strategies described in this article apply the ACA Transgender Competencies through the framework of the community collaboration and systems advocacy domains outlined in the American Counseling Association Advocacy Competencies.
The Uncertainty of Preadolescents’ Chronic Health Conditions and Family Distress

This study aims to identify the relationship between the degree of uncertainty in the preadolescent’s chronic condition and family distress. In-home interviews were conducted with 99 mothers and 86 fathers of 99 preadolescents with chronic physical health impairments. Preadolescents were divided into separate groups, first based on the predictability of their symptoms and next, based on the degree of certainty in their life expectancy. Using analysis of covariance, sex-stratified comparisons were made between the predictability groups and then between the life expectancy groups and four subscales of the Impact on Family Scale. Fathers and mothers of preadolescents with uncertain life expectancies reported significantly greater family/social disruption, emotional strain, and financial burden than parents of preadolescents with normal life expectancies. Unpredictability of symptoms was significantly associated with greater emotional strain for mothers and greater family/social disruption for fathers. Uncertain life expectancy and unpredictable symptoms were associated with significantly more family distress.
PHAGOCYTOSIS IN AMEBIC VIRULENCE hamster liver

One of the fundamental questions of the biology o f Entamoeba histolytica directly related to the understanding of human amebiasis concerns the nature of the factors that determine the virulence of the parasite. The initiation of invasive amebiasis may result f rom the rupture o f a host-parasite equilibrium that is maintained while E. histolytica is restricted to a commensal phase. No specific host factor has been shown to play a decisive role in the establishment of intestinal or liver lesions in those countries in which invasive amebiasis represents a common and important health problem. For these reasons, the emphasis of recent investigators has concentrated on the study of parasite virulence factors (1). The degree of virulence of cultured E. histolytica varies according to the strain (2, 3) and culture condition (4). The factors responsible for these variations remain obscure. Despite a large amount of information on the subject, ultrastructural (5) and biochemical (6) studies have not been able to demonstrate differences that could explain the variable degree of virulence. Certain cell surface properties appear to characterize pathogenic strains: adhesion to epithelial cells (7), susceptibility to agglutinate with concanavalin A (8), ability to produce lytic effect on cultured cells (9-1 1), and phagocytosis oferythrocytes (3, 12). Recently, a correlation between collagenase product ion and virulence has been found (13). Traditionally, erythrophagocytosis has been the main laboratory criterion to identify pathogenic amebas (14, 15). Fur thermore , a correlation between the rate of erythrocyte (RBC) ~ phagocytosis and virulence of various amebic strains has been found (3, 12). The results have been obtained with strains isolated directly from amebic patients and cultured for a long time, which therefore could differ in more than one property. Our aim was to isolate, from a virulent and phagocytic strain, a nonphagocytic clone and then ask how the virulence has changed. The reduction of phagocytosis was matched by a dramatic loss in virulence. Fur thermore , virulent revertants isolated by serial passage through * Supported in part by grants SEIT-SEP, PCSABNA-002065, PCSAXNA-00187, and PCSABNA2010 from CONACYT (M~xico), the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Edna McConnell Clark Foundation. To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaci6n y de Estudi0s Avanzados del Instituto Polit~cnico Nacional, Apartado Postal 14-740, 07000 M~xico, D. F. , Mexico. l Abbreviations used in this paper: BUdR, 5-bromo,2'-deoxyuridine; CFE, colony-forming efficiency; MM, maintenance medium; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; RBC, erythrocytes; TdR, thymidine.
Time sequences

Visualisations of dynamic data change in appearance over time, reflecting changes in the underlying data, be that the development of a social network, or the addition or removal of a device node in an ad-hoc communications network. As viewers of these visualisation tools, it is up to us to accurately perceive and keep up with the constantly shifting view, mentally noting as visual elements are added, removed, changed and rearranged, sometimes at great pace. In a complex data set with a lot happening, this can be a strain on the observer's comprehension, with changes in layout and visual population disrupting their internalised "mental model" of the data, leading to errors in perception. We present Time Sequences, a novel dual visualisation technique which dilates the flow of time in the visualisation so that observers are given proportionally more time to understand changes based on the density of activity in the visualisation.
Non-native novice EFL teachers' beliefs about teaching and learning

This study investigated the beliefs about teaching and learning English of nine non-native novice teachers at a private university in Northern Cyprus, and the extent to which these beliefs changed in their first year of teaching. Data was collected over an academic year of nine months by means of semi-structured interviews, credos, classroom observations, post-lesson reflection forms, stimulated-recall interviews, diaries and a metaphor-elicitation task. The study found that novice teachers’ prior learning experiences were influential in shaping their initial beliefs. By the end of the year, change in the content of the teachers’ beliefs was limited. However, the findings also showed that the majority of the teachers’ beliefs were re-structured and strengthened, suggesting that beliefs are dynamic. Analysis of the findings indicated that several factors stimulated change in beliefs; differences in individual experiences; contextual factors i.e. the syllabus, dissatisfaction with student behaviour, and students’ expectations; and becoming aware of their beliefs and practices. Moreover, the study found that novice teachers’ beliefs were not always reflected in their teaching. The analysis showed that inconsistency between beliefs and practices resulted mainly from differences in individual experiences and the restriction of the syllabus. Thus, teachers were not always able to do what they believed would be effective in their classes. Based on the findings, the study argues that novice teachers are involved in a learning period in their first year of teaching and that their beliefs are susceptible to change. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to teacher education programmes and recommendations are made for further research.
Fasting improves discrimination of grade 1 and atypical or malignant meningioma in FDG-PET.

UNLABELLED We investigated the use of PET with 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) to discriminate between atypical or malignant and grade 1 meningiomas. The influence of fasting state and high-dose corticosteroid medication was analyzed retrospectively. METHODS Preoperative PET scans of 75 patients with suspected diagnosis of intracranial meningioma were evaluated using standardized uptake values (SUV) and tumor-to-contralateral gray matter ratios (TGR) of FDG uptake. Fifty-one of 75 patients fasted before the PET scan, and 27 of 75 patients were studied under high-dose corticosteroid medication. Eighteen tumors had recurred. PET results were compared to histopathological grading. RESULTS PET correctly identified 8/9 atypical or malignant meningiomas and 58/66 grade 1 meningiomas using TGR and a threshold of 1.05 in primary meningioma and 0.85 in tumor recurrence. This corresponds to a specificity of 0.88 for the detection of higher tumor grading. Specificity was significantly higher in fasting compared to nonfasting subjects (0.96 versus 0.73; p < 0.025). SUV quantification lead to a reduced specificity of 0.77 at the same level of sensitivity. The only false-negative PET finding occurred in a recurrent meningioma, which had been operated on four times before. CONCLUSION Overnight fasting before injection is needed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FDG-PET for noninvasive metabolic grading of meningioma. Hyperglycemia in nonfasting patients and in diabetic patients may lead to overestimation of meningioma grading.
Tournament Theory

Tournament theory is useful for describing behavior when reward structures are based on relative rank rather than absolute levels of output. Accordingly, management scholars have used tournament theory to describe a wide range of inter- and intraorganizational competitions, such as promotion contests, innovation contests, and competition among franchisees. While the use of tournament theory has gained considerable momentum in recent years, the ideas that underlie the theory have become blurred and potentially useful insights remain trapped within disciplines. We, therefore, provide a synthesis of the theory’s foundational concepts, review its use in the management literature, identify advancements from related disciplines that may be imported to management research, and delineate the steps likely to be critical to moving the theory forward. Our hope is this review will make tournament theory more accessible and salient to management researchers with a view toward developing more nuanced versions of the theory and applying it in a wider range of contexts.
The origin of redshift asymmetries: how $\Lambda$CDM explains anomalous redshift

Aims. Several authors have found a statistically significant excess of galaxies with higher redshifts relative to the group centre, socalled discordant redshifts, in particular in groups where the brightest galaxy, identified in apparent magnitudes, is a spiral. Our aim is to explain the observed redshift excess. Methods. We use a semi-analytical galaxy catalogue constructed from the Millennium Simulation to study redshift asymmetries in spiral-dominated groups in the Λcold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. We create two mock catalogues of galaxy groups with the Friends-of-Friends percolation algorithm to carry out this study. Results. We show that discordant redshifts in small galaxy groups arise when these groups are gravitationally unbound and the dominant galaxy of the group is misidentified. About one quarter of all groups in our mock catalogues belong to this category. The redshift excess is especially significant when the apparently brightest galaxy can be identified as a spiral, in full agreement with observations. On the other hand, the groups that are gravitationally bound do not show a significant redshift asymmetry. When the dominant members of groups in mock catalogues are identified by using the absolute B-band magnitudes, our results show a small blueshift excess. This result is due to the magnitude limited observations that miss the faint background galaxies in groups. Conclusions. When the group centre is not correctly identified it may cause the major part of the observed redshift excess. If the group is also gravitationally unbound, the level of the redshift excess becomes as high as in observations. There is no need to introduce any “anomalous” redshift mechanism to explain the observed redshift excess. Further, as the Friends-of-Friends percolation algorithm picks out the expanding parts of groups, in addition to the gravitationally bound group cores, group catalogues constructed in this way cannot be used as if the groups are purely bound systems.
Design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous in-wheel for electric vehicles

This paper deals with a design approach to an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (TPMSM) used in in-wheel motor drive systems of electric vehicles. Interior Permanent Magnet (TPM) type motor which has high efficiency and high durability is selected. To apply for the electric vehicles, a form, a tire and a wheel of vehicles are considered when calculating the motor performance. So, the constant power region of IPMSM and gear ratio are investigated in order to meet the specifications of the in-wheel motor system. After calculating a motor performance, space harmonic analysis and finite element analysis in consideration of magnetic saturation is used for designing in-wheel motor, and designed motor is verified by experiments.
Reordered tilebars for visual text exploration

The classic TileBars paradigm has been used to show distribution information of query terms in full-text documents. However, when the number of query terms becomes large, it is not an easy task for users to comprehend their distribution within certain parts of a document. In this paper, we present a novel approach to improve the visual presentation of TileBars, in which barycenter heuristic for bigraph crossing minimization is used to reorder TileBars elements. The reordered TileBars can be demonstrated to provide users with better focus and navigation while exploring text documents.