Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Short-Run Analysis of Exchange Rates and International Trade with an Application to Australia, New Zealand, and Japan

The information and communication technology (ICT) revolution of the past 3 decades has transformed the world into an integrated marketplace. Today, producers and consumers alike are able to compare the prices of local businesses and worldwide sellers. For an increasing number of tradable goods, they can take advantage of arbitrage opportunities between online and offline transactions. One of the key exogenous elements behind this arbitrage is exchange rate movements. The existing literature on exchange rates has concluded that nominal prices can be assumed to be rigid, which thus opens the door to short-term international arbitrage. However, empirical evidence of international short-term arbitrage has so far been lacking due to data constraints. In this paper, we first present a new dataset that holds records on daily international exchanges of goods, namely those sent through the international postal logistics network. We then combine this data set with daily data on international exchange rate movements to test the hypothesis of international arbitrage. Applying different econometric techniques, we show that in an environment of floating exchange rates, almost instantaneous short-term international arbitrage is indeed occurring and that it has a persistent effect. The effect seems to be particularly pronounced in the developed countries of Asia and the Pacific.
Impact of Intellectual Capital on Realizing University Goals in a Sample of Jordanian Universities

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the direct impact of four components of intellectual capital (leadership and strategy, human capital, structural capital, and relational capital) on realizing university goals(academic goals, maintaining and developing staff, improving community relationships, achieving the university’s plans and programs, and attracting the new students) in a sample of three Jordanian universities: University of Jordan (the oldest and largest Jordanian University founded 1962), Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan ( a private university founded in 1993) and Middle East University( a private university founded in 2005). To measures the impact of its components on realizing university goals, a set of hypotheses were developed, questionnaire was built and evaluated by reference group, and data from a sample of university staff to test these hypotheses. Intellectual capital has a significant effect on university performance in meeting its goals. Furthermore, leadership, human and relational capital have in general a significant effect on realizing majority of university goals, and more than structural capital. Keywords ? Intellectual capital, university leadership human, structural, relational capital, university goals.
Machine translation in mobile games: augmenting social media text normalization with incentivized feedback

Machine Translation across languages is made difﬁcult in the context of Mobile games where slang or ungrammatical language reduces the effectiveness of open domain translation systems. We describe a system here that improves translation systems by normalizing user slang with an active learning system. A crowsourcing system is created by incentivizing players to normalize slang through a game feature that rewards participants with in-game currency rewards. The rewards ensure active participation from players and the feedback is in turn used to train a phrase-based Text Normalization System that is relevant to the domain of the data, thereby improving Machine Translation accuracy.
Strategic, Operational, and Analytical Customer Relationship Management

Abstract Customer Relationship Management (CRM) means different things to different people. For some, CRM is the term used to describe a set of IT applications that automate customer-facing processes in marketing, selling and service. For others, it is about an organizational desire to be more customer focused. Others associate CRM with the capture, analysis and exploitation of customer-related data. One distinction that has been made is between strategic, operational and analytical CRM. This paper sets out to understand, conceptualize and operationalize these terms. Our research generally supports the idea of a multi-dimensional conceptualization of CRM. We develop and present an instrument, consisting of a thirteen-item scale, which can be used to assess an organization's orientation towards one or more of these three forms of CRM.
Exploiting Static Non-Uniform Cache Architectures for Hard Real-Time Computing

High-performance processors using Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (NUCA) are increasingly used to deal with the growing wire delays in multicore/manycore processors. Due to the convergence of high-performance computing with embedded computing, NUCA caches are expected to benefit high-end embedded systems as well. However, for real-time systems that use multicore processors with NUCA caches, it is crucial to bound worst-case execution time (WCET) accurately and safely. In this paper, we developed a WCET analysis approach by considering the effect of static NUCA caches on WCET. We compared the WCET in real-time applications with different topologies of static NUCA caches. Our experimental results demonstrated that the static NUCA cache could improve the worst-case performance of realtime applications using multicore processor compared to the cache with uniform access time.
Sensitivity considerations on structured polynomial residuals

For processes which are modelled by polynomial equations, this paper shows how the algebra of polynomial rings can mathematically support the FDI system design. The basic principles of FDI extract, from the model, some fault indicators, called residuals, that can be computed from available information. In case of non linear residuals, the sensitivity of a residual to a given failure can't be ensured anymore. Indeed, the sensitivity is then dependent on the values of variables as inputs, outputs or failures. The isolation procedures that process the residuals values need as accurate as possible information about the sensitivities. A theoretical and systematic study on the residual sensitivities to failures is proposed in this paper. From a definition of sensitivity notions of structural, conditional and quasi conditional sensitivities and of locally insensitivity are proposed. The hypothesis of single failure is explored too and its consequences are discussed. These developments are performed using the concepts of ideals and varieties. They allow to handle the zeroing conditions of the sensitivity.
Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Cocoa and Chocolate Products of

: Cocoa is the fruit of the tree Theobroma cacao L. , growing in tropical regions of Africa and South America. Prefermented and fried cocoa serves as a basic raw material for the preparation of chocolate food products. Cocoa is extremely rich in antioxidants, which are responsible for the overall health of the humans. These antioxidants include polyphenols and catechins. This paper presents the investigation of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from cocoa powder and different types of chocolate. The total content of phenolic compounds was determined by spectrophotometric Folin-Ciocalteu method and it varied from 0.046 ± 0.013 to 0.376 ± 0.022 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested using total antioxidant capacity method. The IC 50 value was in the range of 1.968 ± 0.076 mg/ml to 42.200 ± 1.737 mg/ml. Cocoa powder and chocolate with a high content of cocoa contain relatively high amount of total phenolics, as well as high antioxidant capacity.
Modeling and Understanding the Evolution of Innovation in Academia CS229 Project Final Report

: In this paper, we study the evolution of innovation in academia by studying the evolution of terminology frequencies of academic publications from Aminer Papers. Our research involves more than 23 million papers distributed during 50 years, from 1967 to 2016. We not only select words that frequently appear in the keyword list, but also use a novel framework named Autophrase to select terms from abstracts. We applied K-means, K-Spectral Cen-troid Clustering, and Haar Incremental method to classify the frequency distributions of these terms. We evaluated the clustering quality using F value and the sum of the squared distances between cluster centers. Finally, we used decision tree and lasso algorithm to explore what determines the popularity of terminologies in academia.
MARWIN: a mobile autonomous robot for maintenance and inspection in a 4d environment

MARWIN is a mobile autonomous robot platform designed for performing maintenance and inspection task in a 4D environment at the European XFEL accelerator in Hamburg, Germany. MARWIN consists of a 4-wheel driven chassis and a manipulator arm providing 3 degrees of freedom. It can be operated in a pre-configured autonomous as well as a remotely controlled mode. The primary use case of MARWIN is measuring radiation fields. For this purpose, MARWIN is equipped with a mobile Geiger-Mueller tube mounted at the tip of the manipulator arm and a stationary multi-purpose radiation detector. We describe the mechanical and electrical setup, the architecture and implementation of the controls routines, the strategy implemented to handle radiation-triggered malfunctions, the energy management, and some first experimental results.
Effects of ionophoresed noradrenaline on the spontaneous activity of neurones in rat primary somatosensory cortex.

Changes in spontaneous activity of rat S1 cortical neurones with identified receptive fields were investigated in reply to ionophoresed noradrenaline (NA). Extracellular levels of NA were maintained constant by continuous electrochemical analysis at the carbon fibre recording tip of the multibarrel micro‐electrode. In the absence of NA there were clear differences in spike amplitude, firing rate and pattern of firing of deep (800‐1400 micron) and superficial (0‐800 micron) cells. Superficial cells responded to low (5 X 10(‐8) to 5 X 10(‐7) M) NA concentrations with simple inhibition. Recovery occurred within a minute or so of extracellular NA concentrations falling below detectable (10(‐8) M) levels. Increases in local concentration merely stopped cells firing. In contrast, cells located in the deep zone could often be excited by very low NA concentrations (less than 10(‐8) M), with inhibition occurring at levels 10‐100 times greater. Most cells, however, were inhibited, with threshold doses for a 50% change in firing rate much higher than for superficial cells. Some cells in the deep zone showed sustained increases in firing rate following an ionophoretic trial. This could occur for periods of up to 1 h after ceasing a trial. Such effects could be produced by levels as low as 10(‐7) M‐NA. Interspike interval analysis for deep cells suggested that their spontaneous activity resembled that established for slow‐wave sleep. During and after excitation by NA the pattern of firing of small groups of these cells changed to that established for the waking state. The effect could persist for up to 1 h following a short (2‐5 min) ionophoretic trial.
Applying Dynamic Co-occurrence in Story Link Detection

Story link detection is part of a broader initiative called Topic Detection and Tracking, which is defined to be the task of determining whether two stories, such as news articles or radio broadcasts, are about the same event, or linked. In order to mine more information from the contents of the stories being compared and achieve a more high-powered system, motivated by the idea of the word co-occurrence analysis, we propose our dynamic co-occurrence, which is defined to be a pair of words that satisfy certain relation restriction. In this paper, relation restriction refers to a set of features. This paper evaluates three features: capital, location and distance. We use dynamic co-occurrence in the similarity computation when we apply it in the story link detection system. Experimental results show that the story link detection systems based on the dynamic co-occurrence perform very well, which testify the great capabilities of the dynamic co-occurrence. At the same time, we also find that relation restriction is critical to the performance of dynamic co-occurrence.
Hemodynamic correlates of visuomotor motor adaptation by functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy

The development of rehabilitation engineering technologies such as the design of smart prosthetics necessitates a deep understanding of brain mechanisms engaged in ecological situations when human interact with new tools and/or environments. Thus, we aimed to investigate potential hemodynamic signatures reflecting the level of cognitive-motor performance and/or the internal or mental states of individuals when learning a novel tool with unknown properties. These markers were derived from functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIR) signals. Our results indicate an increased level of oxy-hemoglobin in prefrontal sensors associated with enhanced kinematics during early compared with late learning. This is consistent with previous neuroimaging studies that revealed a higher contribution of prefrontal areas during early compare to late adaptation learning. These non-invasive functional hemodynamic markers may play a role in bioengineering applications such as smart neuroprosthesis and brain monitoring where adaptive behavior is important.
Usage of meta-resonators for improvement of magnetic resonance imaging

Metamaterials are artificial periodic structured materials with unique electromagnetic properties that are not observed in nature. Wire metamaterials represent periodic arrays of parallel conducting wires which allow one to manipulate, enhance and redistribute electromagnetic fields. In this work we present the annular wire metamaterial resonator in order to improve characteristics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging scanner.
Influence of Periodic Patterning on the Magnetization Response of Micromagnetic Structures

The magnetization response of single, patterned, thin-film Permalloy (Ni_80Fe_20, Py) elements embedded in a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is investigated. The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect serves as the detection mechanism in current-modulated differential resistance (dV/ dI) and rectification effect measurements, which reveal magnetization dynamics over a broad frequency range. Differently shaped Py elements had distinctly different magnetization responses. In rectangular Py elements, the dynamic low frequency response shows two resonant excitations, whereas multimode ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) occurs in the high frequency range. Disk-shaped patterning significantly increases the magnetic loss in comparison to simple rectangular elements.
Pesticide and pathogen: Heat shock protein expression and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in juvenile Chinook salmon in response to multiple stressors

Rapid expression of heat shock protein (hsp) families in response to a variety of stressors has been demonstrated in many organisms, including fish. The present 60‐d challenge study was designed to compare hsp induction in juvenile Chinook salmon following exposure to individual pesticides, virus, and both stressors combined. Heat shock protein expression patterns over time were monitored and related to the extent of virus infection and mortality. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and recovery in response to applied stressors were measured in brain. High enzyme inhibition levels have been correlated with imminent mortality, and other sublethal physiological effects have been observed in fish concurrent with depressed AChE activity. Mortality was elevated considerably in fish exposed to 0.08 μg/L of the pyrethroid esfenvalerate (EV). Mortality due to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was lower in groups previously treated with pesticides; however, these fish died sooner than individuals exposed to virus only. Both pesticides, EV and the organophosphate (OP) chlorpyrifos (CP), as well as virus exposure, induced hsp expression, but highest hsp levels were observed after the combined treatments, suggesting an additive effect between virus and pesticides. Highest virus titers were accompanied by strongest hsp induction, indicating a connection between virus concentration and hsp expression. In conclusion, the measurement of hsp expression appears to be a very sensitive, integrative indicator of stress. Esfenvalerate and IHNV did not affect AChE activity, and exposure to 3.7 μg/L CP led to significantly inhibited AChE for at least 20 d. The time required for complete recovery of AChE activity raises concern about deleterious behavioral effects.
Optical sensor system for vibration measuring

Telemetry system based on embedded Linux single board computer (SBC) is presented. The basis of the system is an optical sensor for measuring amplitude and frequency of structural vibrations. Detection of vibrations and their parameters is possible through observation of the output speckle pattern from the multimode optical fiber. Optical sensor is connected to the embedded SBC, which analyzes the data from the sensor and allows reasonably accurate monitoring of the vibration frequencies and amplitudes on a certain location. As a solution for acquiring the data remotely, it is possible to connect the SBC to a remote location using telecommunication networks (cellular networks, Wlan, etc.) or dedicated networks (ZigBee, radio links, etc.). Components used in this system are cheap and available: CCD array, laser light source, multimode optical fiber and a SBC with Linux operating system. Measurements have been made which show good agreement with actual vibration frequencies, and also good results have been obtained in measuring relative amplitude.
Competitive advantage in new markets : the case of on-line business

Understanding how firms gain competitive advantage is perhaps the central question faced by strategy researchers (Rouse and Daellenbach, 1999; Powell, 2001). An examination of competitive advantage within the context of new markets presents an important and interesting dimension of this problem. It offers the opportunity to examine the potential for different types of entrant to establish competitive advantage. While competitive advantage in new markets has been addressed from a number of different theoretical perspectives, the suggestion here is that a resource-based conceptual lens can better explain the nature of the competitive challenge facing firms. A theoretical model of competitive advantage in new markets is developed, which highlights the importance of a firm's resource and capability endowments at the time of market entry, although it is argued that the main challenge faced by firms is the ability to adapt, where this refers to a firm's ability to develop the capabilities that are critical for success in new markets. Empirical research is carried out in respect of two UK-based on-line sectors, the Internet Service Provider sector and the online broking sector. The results of the survey research provide further evidence and support for the role of initial endowments of resources and capabilities at the time of new market entry, while the main findings of the case study research develop theory in respect of capability development in both new and established firms, suggesting that the process of capability development is itself an evolutionary one.
Meaning creation and modeling field theory

We study the development of the discriminatory capacity (i.e., the ability to develop a concept or categorize each object in the environment) of a single organism using two distinct approaches, namely, discriminatory trees and modeling field theory (MFT). In particular, we consider a simple world composed of objects that are characterized by real-valued features, similar to that used in seminal works on meaning creation. Within that framework, we demonstrate in a series of didactic experiments the potential of the MFT approach as a truly autonomous (as opposed to discrimination trees) mechanism for meaning generation.
Uncertainty of Information, Reaction of Investors and Post-Earnings Announcement Drift: Some Empirical Evidences from A-H Share Markets of China

By means of Event Study, Panel Data Regression and Feasible Generalized Least Squares, we discuss the influence of uncertainty of information on the Post-Earnings Announcement Drift. We find that there are not significant differences between the H-share financial statements and the A-share financial statements, which means the performances of PRC-GAAP and HK-GAAP are the same basically. On the other hand, some non-financial factors such as annually trading amount, average prices of A-H shares and average shares of shareholders are different statistically. Besides, the individual traders are dominant in the A-share market while the institutions are dominant in the H-share market. The most important result of our research is that uncertainty of information play a crucial role in the PEAD of segmented markets. No matter what types of traders are in the segmented markets, the uncertainty of information can efficiently magnify PEAD.
Insights into the structural dynamics of the Hsp110–Hsp70 interaction reveal the mechanism for nucleotide exchange activity

Hsp110 proteins are relatives of canonical Hsp70 chaperones and are expressed abundantly in the eukaryotic cytosol. Recently, it has become clear that Hsp110 proteins are essential nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) for Hsp70 chaperones. Here, we report the architecture of the complex between the yeast Hsp110, Sse1, and its cognate Hsp70 partner, Ssa1, as revealed by hydrogen–deuterium exchange analysis and site-specific cross-linking. The two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of Sse1 and Ssa1 are positioned to face each other and form extensive contacts between opposite lobes of their NBDs. A second contact with the periphery of the Ssa1 NBD lobe II is likely mediated via the protruding C-terminal α-helical subdomain of Sse1. To address the mechanism of catalyzed nucleotide exchange, we have compared the hydrogen exchange characteristics of the Ssa1 NBD in complex with either Sse1 or the yeast homologs of the NEFs HspBP1 and Bag-1. We find that Sse1 exploits a Bag-1-like mechanism to catalyze nucleotide release, which involves opening of the Ssa1 NBD by tilting lobe II. Thus, Hsp110 proteins use a unique binding mode to catalyze nucleotide release from Hsp70s by a functionally convergent mechanism.
Anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor targeting of acute myeloid leukemia

Current therapies for acute myeloid leukemia are associated with high failure and relapse rates. Adoptive immunotherapies, which have shown promise in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, have the potential to target acute myeloid leukemia through pathways that are distinct and complementary to current approaches. Here, we describe the development of a novel adoptive immunotherapy specific for this disease. We generated a second generation CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor capable of redirecting cytolytic effector T cells against leukemic cells. CD33 is expressed in approximately 90% of acute myeloid leukemia cases and has demonstrated utility as a target of therapeutic antibodies. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells efficiently killed leukemia cell lines and primary tumor cells in vitro. The anti-leukemia effect was CD33-specific, mediated through T-cell effector functions, and displayed tumor lysis at effector:target ratios as low as 1:20. Furthermore, the CD33-redirected T cells were effective in vivo, preventing the development of leukemia after prophylactic administration and delaying the progression of established disease in mice. These data provide pre-clinical validation of the effectiveness of a second-generation anti-CD33 chimeric antigen receptor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia, and support its continued development as a clinical therapeutic.