Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gloved and free hand tracking based hand gesture recognition

Hand gesture recognition system can be used for human-computer interaction (HCI). The use of hand gestures provides an attractive alternative to cumbersome interface devices for HCI. Proper hand segmentation from the background and other body parts of the video is the primary require ment for the design of a hand-gesture based application. These video frames can be captured from a low cost webcam (camera) for use in a vision based gesture recognition technique. This paper discusses about continuous hand gesture recognition. It reports a robust and efficient hand tracking as well as segmentation algorithm where a new method, based on wearing glove on hand is utilized. We have also focused on another tracking algorithm, which is based on skin colour of the palm part of the hand i.e. free hand tracking. A comparative study between two tracking methods is presented in this paper. A finger tip can be segmented for proper tracking in spite of the full hand part. Hence, this technique allows the hand (excepting the segmented finger) to move freely during the tracking time also. Problems such as skin colour detection, complexity from large numbers of people in front of the camera, complex background removal and variable lighting condition are found to be efficiently handled by the system. Noise present in the segmented image due to dynamic background can be removed with the help of this adaptive technique which is found to be effective for the application conceived.
Quasi-simultaneous five-frequency VLBA observations of PKS 0528+134

We present results of Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of PKS 0528+134 at five frequencies (2.3, 5.0, 8.4, 15.4, and 22.2 GHz). These quasi-simultaneous data enable us to study the spectral distribution of Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) components for the first time in this highly variable source, from which the central compact core is identified. Our observations indicate that there are two bendings for the jet motion at parsec scale. We provide an approximate spatial fit to the curved jet trajectory using the Steffen et al. (1995) helical model. We further investigate the proper motions of three jet components, which all show superluminal motion. At high frequencies (15.4 and 22.2 GHz) we detected a new component, which is estimated to be related to a radio burst peaking at about 2000.
Common and Unique Representations in pFC for Face and Place Attractiveness

Although previous neuroimaging research has identified overlapping correlates of subjective value across different reward types in the ventromedial pFC (vmPFC), it is not clear whether this “common currency” evaluative signal extends to the aesthetic domain. To examine this issue, we scanned human participants with fMRI while they made attractiveness judgments of faces and places—two stimulus categories that are associated with different underlying rewards, have very different visual properties, and are rarely compared with each other. We found overlapping signals for face and place attractiveness in the vmPFC, consistent with the idea that this region codes a signal for value that applies across disparate reward types and across both economic and aesthetic judgments. However, we also identified a subregion of vmPFC within which activity patterns for face and place attractiveness were distinguishable, suggesting that some category-specific attractiveness information is retained in this region. Finally, we observed two separate functional regions in lateral OFC: one region that exhibited a category-unique response to face attractiveness and another region that responded strongly to faces but was insensitive to their value. Our results suggest that vmPFC supports a common mechanism for reward evaluation while also retaining a degree of category-specific information, whereas lateral OFC may be involved in basic reward processing that is specific to only some stimulus categories.
Formation control of UAVs with a fourth-order flight dynamics

In this paper, we study cooperative control problems with a multi-UAV system expressed as a fourth-order system using a consensus algorithm. We first show that a linearized model of quadrotors is expressed as a fourth-order system, and then propose a formation control algorithm for the fourth-order system after formulating a problem. The proposed control law is based on a consensus algorithm and a leader-follower structure is also applied to the control law so that a leader can individually provide each of the quadrotors with information of their desired states. And then, we show that the proposed control algorithm can guarantee accurate formation keeping when fundamental assumptions about the network composed of the multiple UAVs are satisfied. Finally, the proposed approach is validated by some simulations.
Coupling of a single nitrogen vacancy colour centre in diamond, to a planar microcavity

Single negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) defect centres in diamond are attractive systems for the implementation of solid state quantum information processing (QIP) and quantum key distribution (QKD). In both approaches, the coupling of an individual NV- centre to a resonant microcavity is of interest: it would improve the optical readout of the NV- centre electron spin state in QIP and enhance the collection efficiency of the single photon fluorescence in QKD while increasing the coherence length of the emission. We theoretically demonstrate that, at room temperature, the coupling to a single-mode Fabry-Perot microcavity can be used to obtain a fluorescence spectrum narrowing without loss of total intensity. We also experimentally demonstrate the control of the fluorescence spectrum of a single NV- centre by adjusting the thickness of the microcavity. Finally, we report a doubling of the emission spectral density with respect to the single mirror configuration.
How to Control SiC BJT with High Efficiency?

SiC Bipolar Junction Transistor has many benefits such as low on-state voltage drop, high switching speed and high maximum operating temperature. However it has one major disadvantage that it needs current to be turned on. This causes an increased power requirement of the driver circuit compared to voltage controlled devices like MOSFETs and IGBTs. The proposed driving concept is based on a verified Darlington typology together with a voltage compensation component which gives a solution to this problem. The proposed driving concept is evaluated by both simulation and experimental results. The investigation of parallel connection of SiC BJT transistors that use the proposed drive concept is also included in this paper.
Enhancement of IEEE 802.11ah MAC for M2M Communications

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is expected to be supported in the next-generation wireless LAN, IEEE 802.11ah. One of the most important issues for M2M communications is designing an effective medium access scheme to handle many devices. In this letter, we propose a new medium access control (MAC) enhancement to increase the uplink access efficiency. The proposed algorithm estimates the number of devices for the uplink access from the success probability. In the proposed algorithm, an access point (AP) determines the optimal size of the restricted access window (RAW) considering the relationship between the estimated number of devices and the size of RAW. We show that the success probability for the uplink access is improved by using our proposed algorithm through analysis and simulations.
Quantitative Analysis of Exosomes From Murine Lung Cancer Cells by Flow Cytometry

In vivo studies regarding biochemical, molecular biological, and histopathological changes in cancer tissues have been widely performed by the administration of carcinogens in rodents. In these established methods, dissection of the animal following sacrifice must be carried out. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that are present in all body fluids and these vesicles have specific roles within cells. Thus, much attention is given to the clinical application of exosomes that can possibly be used for prediction and therapy and as biomarkers related to cancer. To develop a new tool for monitoring in vivo genetic alterations, as a result of carcinogenesis, without the need for frequent euthanasia, we performed quantitative measurement of exosomes in Mlg2908 murine lung fibroblasts and LA-4 and KLN 205 murine lung cancer cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. We detected an increase in CD63-specific exosomes in LA-4 lung cancer cells. This result is able to be applied to the classification of cancer-specific proteins and miRNA as diagnostic markers.
Forecasting in the Presence of Structural Breaks and Policy Regime Shifts

The value of selecting the best forecasting model as the basis for empirical economic policy analysis is questioned. When no model coincides with the data generation process, non-causal statistical devices may provide the best available forecasts: examples from recent work include intercept corrections and differenced-data VARs. However, the resulting models need have no policy implications. A 'paradox' may result if their forecasts induce policy changes which can be used to improve the statistical forecast. This suggests correcting statistical forecasts by using the econometric model's estimate of the 'scenario' change, and doing so yields reduced biases.
HOMOTOPY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SOLVING KDV EQUATIONS

A scheme is developed for the numerical study of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the Korteweg-de Vries Burgers (KdVB) equations with initial conditions by a homotopy approach. Numerical solutions obtained by homotopy analysis method are compared with exact solution. The comparison shows that the obtained solutions are in excellent agreement.
Trust Certificate Sequence Exchange (TCSE) for Black Hole Detection in MANET

A mobile ad hoc network is a temporary network based on movable nodes within a specific range. Due to this motion the information related to nodes is continually changes likewise the addition of new node and its deletion from network is required. Due to this the authenticity of node must be justify to participate in data transmission. In the absence of this verification process some of the unidentified nodes may does malicious act. This type of activity is done by node known as blackhole/grayhole attack. A black hole node is a malicious node which sends the fake reply for route requests and drops the packets. In this work, a novel approach is proposed to detect blackhole nodes for AODV protocol of MANET. Our solutions find out the safe route between sending node and receiving node through some routing decision which is calculated through proposed Trust Certificate Sequence Exchange (TCSE) mechanism. In this mechanism the trust of each node in a network is calculated on the basis of behavior analysis of nodes & issues a certificate. The trust value is measure as a parameter of reliability & analyses delivery ratio, overhead & delays. This value is stored in a specific certificate & regularly shared with every neighbor. The work also introduces a control node named as watcher node which will monitors the behavior & trust of every other node within its neighbours. Initial results shows that the mechanism proposed will provide an effective solution to the mentioned problem of cooperative blackhole detection & prevention.
Bandwidth-constrained signature waveforms and Walsh signal space receivers for synchronous CDMA systems

Synchronous CDMA systems whose transmission bandwidth is quantified through the fractional out-of-band energy (FOBE) constraint are considered. Either a conventional matched filter (MF) receiver or a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver is employed for users' data detection. The total squared correlation (TSC) and the total mean-square error (TMSE) are proposed as the performance parameters for the MF and MMSE receivers respectively. These parameters need to be minimized in order to maximize the signal-to-interference ratios (SIRs) at the receivers' outputs. For a given FOBE bandwidth constraint, the sets of signature waveforms that minimize either TSC or TMSE are obtained from the prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWFs). Furthermore, if the number of users is the size of a Hadamard matrix, then optimal signature waveforms can be obtained to maximize the individual SIR for every user. Due to the complicated nature of the PSWFs, simplified MF and MMSE receivers based on the Walsh signal space are developed.
M Packet-Switched Router Based on the PPM Header Address for All-optical WDM Networks

This paper presents an all-optical 1M router architecture for simultaneous multiple-wavelength packet routing, without the need for wavelength conversion. The packet header address is based on the pulse position modulation (PPM) format, which allows the use of only a single-bitwise optical AND gate for fast packet header address correlation. The proposed scheme offers both multicast and broadcast capabilities. We’ve demonstrated a high speed packet routing at 160 Gb/s in simulation, with a low channel crosstalk (CXT) of ~ -27 dB with a channel spacing of > 0.4 THz and a demultiplexer bandwidth of 500 GHz. The output transfer function of the PPM header processing (PPM-HP) module is also investigated in this paper.
User Interface Design Considerations for Linked Data Authoring Environments

end users are to contribute to the Web of Data as they have to the Web of Documents, they must employ tools that enable them to do so. This challenge is not easy to meet, as formal knowledge representation is a daunting task for the uninitiated. Indeed, we have empirically observed that expressing anything but the most straightforward of facts in RDF-compatible format is extremely difficult for newcomers to do reliably. This paper reports on a controlled experiment in which novices attempted to use a prototype Linked Data interface to both find and encode bits of everyday knowledge. The application presents a user-friendly veneer to the Semantic Web, manifesting the essential graph-based nature of the data model while shielding the user from the complexity of syntax. This allows us to study user behavior in attacking the deep, cognitive problem: breaking down knowledge into the triple-based structure required by RDF Linked Data. Our study sheds light on some of the key aspects of knowledge formulation that novices struggle with, and suggests several specific design approaches for Linked Data authoring environments that our experiment makes clear beneficially address crucial issues.
Joint protection of a military formation using heterogeneous sensors in a mobile ad hoc network: Concept and field tests

This paper presents a concept on how a military formation can be jointly protected by linking available single-platform protection systems. To achieve this, a mobile ad hoc network is established between different vehicles carrying heterogeneous sensors, specifically acoustic and ESM sensors, emulating the protection systems. Distributed data fusion is applied to provide a situation overview for localizing a threat. To substantiate the concept, results from field tests regarding network, sensor, and data fusion functionality are presented.
PageRank without Hyperlinks: Reranking with Related Document Networks

Graph analysis algorithms such as PageRank and HITS have been successful in Web environments because they are able to extract important inter-document relationships from manually-created hyperlinks. We consider the application of these algorithms to related document networks comprised of automatically-generated content-similarity links. Specifically, this work tackles the problem of document retrieval in the biomedical domain, in the context of the PubMed search engine. A series of reranking experiments demonstrate that incorporating evidence extracted from link structure yields significant improvements in terms of standard ranked retrieval metrics. These results extend the applicability of link analysis algorithms to dierent environments.
Visualisation et Quantification de Structures

— Dans ce chapitre, nous présentons différents outils nécessaires pour la visualisation et la quantification de pathologies dans les objets segmentés. Comme nous l'avons déjà fait dans le cadre d'applications comme l'extraction de surfaces d'anévrismes dans des images 3DRA, ou bien la visualisation des polypesà la surface du colon, dans le chapitre 6, notre outil de segmentation de surface basé sur les ensembles de niveaux et le Fast-Marching permet d'extraire et de représenter des objets en 3D. En premier lieu nous parlonsbrì evement desprobì emes soulevés par la visualisation de surfaces implicites en 3D, et en particulier des spécificités des surfaces définies par les Level-Sets dans la section 7.1. En s'appuyant sur un ensemble de trajectoires qui décrivent nos surfaces-comme le squelette dans le cas de structures arborescentes-nous développons ici des outils de mesure et d'observation des pathologies. Notamment, nous nous intéressonsà la mesure du volume en section 7.1, età la mesure de sections de nos objets segmentés en section 7.2. Ces outils seront utilisés dans toute la suite de cette partie. Abstract — In this chapter we introduce the different necessary tools for visualiza-tion and quantification of our segmented objects. The final result of a segmentation, given by our framework as done in chapter 6 for different applications, can lead to visualization and measures on the global object. We first briefly present the problems of visualization of an implicit surface in 3D, and more precisely the specific drawbacks of the Level-Sets representation in section 7.1. Assuming that we can extract a whole set of trajectories in a tree-shaped object, we present the different tools that will measure the pathologies, on the basis of those trajectories. Important measurements include: volume measurements, as explained in section 7.1, and objects cross-section measurements, as detailed in section 7.2. Those tools are useful for the framework developed in the following chapters. In the domain of medical image analysis, the segmentation tools we developed are essentially interesting when applied to 3D images. This is the reason why the implementation we build is designed for this image dimensionality, and that our visualization efforts were mainly directed to 3D techniques. In this section the reader will first find a short presentation of the basic notions of virtual reality needed to understand the content of our work. They are grouped together in the first subsection, which can be skipped by the readers who are already familiar with them. …
Deep{inelastic Physics with H1 at the Hera Ep Collider

Recent measurements by the H1 experiment at HERA of deep{inelastic photon{proton (p) and electron{proton (ep) scattering are presented. Their interpretation in terms of the partonic structure of the photon, proton, and diiractive exchange (sometimes understood as the pomeron) is emphasised.
Speech enhancement using STFT of real and imaginary parts of modulation signals

This paper investigates an alternate modulation (RImodulation) AMS-based framework for speech enhancement, in which real and imaginary parts of the modulation signal are processed in secondary AMS procedures. We propose to apply MMSE magnitude estimation in this framework, and using subjective experiments, show that MMSE RI-modulation magnitude estimation produces stimuli which is preferred by listeners over RI-modulation spectral subtraction. Experiments presented also show that while this framework is suited to speech enhancement and offers theoretical advantages over the modulation AMS framework, resulting stimuli had similar quality to that produced by the corresponding modulation AMS-based method. Index Terms: speech enhancement, MMSE short-time spectral magnitude estimator, modulation magnitude spectrum
Distributed Radio Positioning for Personnel Tracking in Coal Mine Tunnels

Received signal strength-based positioning and tracking of humans is a reliable solution for harsh indoor environments like the longwall tunnels at underground coal mining sites. The mining personnel with radio tags on their body can be tracked along a line of sensing reference nodes. The wired bus backbone for the transmission of all sensor data to a central processing station is the limiting factor for the system's coverage. To extend the 1D coverage up to the kilometers range, we present a distributed localization approach with data compression mechanisms. Therefore, the bus is divided into hierarchical subnets with connecting gateway devices. The positioning accuracy, being dependent on the size of the subnets, is analyzed using simulation results which are based on empirical signal strength values. One mayor achievement of the distributed approach is a nearly unchanged positioning accuracy as the most significant system evaluation criterion. Copyright © 2015 IFSA Publishing, S. L.
A depth refinement algorithm for multi-view video synthesis

With the recent progress of display, capture device, and coding technologies, multi-view video applications such as stereoscopic video, free viewpoint TV (FTV), and free viewpoint video (FVV) have been introduced to the world with growing interest. To achieve free navigation of such applications, depth information is required along with the video data. There have been many research activities in the area of depth estimation; however, it still poses us great challenge to estimate accurate depth map. In this paper, we propose a depth refinement algorithm for multi-view video synthesis. The proposed algorithm classifies the pixel-wise depth map into two categories, one is reliable and the other is unreliable, followed by the depth refinement algorithm for those pixels with unreliable depth values. Except for the depth refinement algorithm, we also propose a reliable weighted view interpolation algorithm. At last, the refined depth map is evaluated by the quality of the synthesized view.
Iodine Molecules Included in the Structure of Dibenzo-24-Crown-8, (I2)@(db24c8)

A reaction of YI3, dibenzo-24-crown-8 and iodine in ethanol yielded, as a by-product, red single crystals of (I2)@(db24c8). In the triclinic crystal, P-1, a = 485.0(1), b = 1203.7(3), c = 1280.4(2) pm, α = 64.56(2)°, β = 86.82(2)°, γ = 83.89(2)°, V = 671.1(2) × 106.pm3, Z = 1, R1= 0.0301 for 1965 reflections with I0 > 2σ(I0), iodine molecules with an I–I distance of 268.39(7) pm, slightly longer than in the gas phase, are included in a matrix of db24c8 molecules.