Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Highly Robust Vehicle Detection, Tracking and Speed Measurement Model for Intelligent Transport Systems

The high pace rise in vehicle counts, traffic density, and security concerns, a potential system for traffic surveillance, vehicle monitoring and control has become an inevitable need to facilitate intelligent transportation system (ITS). Although, numerous approaches have been proposed for moving vehicle detection and tracking, still the optimization needs can’t be ignored. In this paper, a robust image processing based vehicle detection, tracking and speed measurement model has been developed. The proposed model implements enhanced preprocessing, background subtraction, morphological operation as well as feature mapping processes for moving vehicle detection, tracking and speed estimation. To achieve optimal performance, a multi-directional filtering scheme has been develop for moving vehicle detection, which considers intensity, moving pixel orientation etc. for efficient candidate vehicle detection in traffic video. To enhance background subtraction, a novel multi-directional intensity strokes estimation approach has been introduced that plays significant role for distinguishing vehicle region from other background contents. In addition, the enhanced thinning and dilation based morphological process has been introduced that exhibits more precise and accurate vehicle detection. A novel feature clustering scheme with heuristic filtering based blob analysis and adaptive bounding box generation makes our proposed model more efficient for vehicle detection and tracking. Furthermore, a novel moving vehicle speed estimation approach has been developed that can be significant for efficient ITS systems.
Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP and DM‐20) transcripts are deleted in jimpy mutant mice.

The myelin‐associated proteolipid protein, PLP, is one of the two major components of the central nervous system (CNS) myelin. We analyze, by using a rat PLP cDNA and S1 nuclease protection experiments, the PLP transcripts in the mouse brain and show that the PLP gene encodes two different but related mRNA transcripts, the PLP and the DM‐20 transcripts. On the other hand, we demonstrate that in the jimpy mutant, which is characterized by an abnormal CNS myelination, both these transcripts are partially deleted in the 3′ end of their coding region. The deletion is 70 (+/‐ 5) nucleotides long. Implications of this finding for the synthesis of PLP and DM‐20 proteins in the mutant are discussed.
The Downward Influence of Stratospheric Sudden Warmings

AbstractThe coupling between the stratosphere and the troposphere following two major stratospheric sudden warmings is studied in the Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model using a nudging technique by which the zonal-mean evolution of the reference sudden warmings are artificially induced in an ~100-member ensemble spun off from a control simulation. Both reference warmings are taken from a freely running integration of the model. One event is a displacement, the other is a split, and both are followed by extended recoveries in the lower stratosphere. The methodology permits a statistically robust study of their influence on the troposphere below.The nudged ensembles exhibit a tropospheric annular mode response closely analogous to that seen in observations, confirming the downward influence of sudden warmings on the troposphere in a comprehensive model. This tropospheric response coincides more closely with the lower-stratospheric annular mode anomalies than with the midstratospheric wind reversal. In additio.
Assessing the Flexibility of the Labor Market in Chile: An International Perspective

cent throughout a ten-year period of high economic growth that ended in 1997. Unemployment then rose significantly at the outset of the Asian crisis, reaching levels near 11 percent. This broadly coincided with the implementation of a set of legal initiatives that increased protection standards in labor regulation. After the end of the military government in 1990, labor codes began to revert to their previous trend of high levels of regulation, with reforms approved in congress in 1990, 1993 and 2001. These introduced higher costs of dismissal, sanctions against firms that fire without just cause, extended provisions for and broader coverage of union bargaining, and a significant increase in the minimum wage (which was implemented in three stages beginning in 1998). These regulations are closer to the European-style labor market protection than to the Anglo-American tradition, which relies more on market forces. A quick look at the relative performance of unemployment rates under these two approaches can help clarify the controversy generated among economists and policymakers during this period.
Cascaded splitter/combiner microstrip sections loaded with complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs): Modeling, analysis and applications

This paper is focused on the study of splitter/combiner microstrip sections where each branch is loaded with a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR). If the structure is symmetric with regard to the axial plane, only one transmission zero (notch) in the transmission coefficient arises. Conversely, two notches appear if symmetry is disrupted. A model that combines lumped elements (describing the CSRR-loaded line sections) and distributed components (accounting for the transmission lines) is proposed and used to obtain the position of the transmission zeros. The model is validated through parameter extraction and comparison to electromagnetic simulations and measurements, where up to three cascaded splitter/combiner sections (symmetric and asymmetric) are considered. Finally, the three-section symmetric structure is asymmetrically loaded to demonstrate the possibility of using the proposed device as a microwave sensor/detector able to identify defects or abnormalities between a sample under test (SUT) and a reference sample. With this technique, as many samples as splitter/combiner sections can be sensed simultaneously.
The 3D arrangement of the 23 S and 5 S rRNA in the Escherichia coli 50 S ribosomal subunit based on a cryo-electron microscopic reconstruction at 7.5 A resolution.

The Escherichia coli 23 S and 5 S rRNA molecules have been fitted helix by helix to a cryo-electron microscopic (EM) reconstruction of the 50 S ribosomal subunit, using an unfiltered version of the recently published 50 S reconstruction at 7.5 A resolution. At this resolution, the EM density shows a well-defined network of fine structural elements, in which the major and minor grooves of the rRNA helices can be discerned at many locations. The 3D folding of the rRNA molecules within this EM density is constrained by their well-established secondary structures, and further constraints are provided by intra and inter-rRNA crosslinking data, as well as by tertiary interactions and pseudoknots. RNA-protein cross-link and foot-print sites on the 23 S and 5 S rRNA were used to position the rRNA elements concerned in relation to the known arrangement of the ribosomal proteins as determined by immuno-electron microscopy. The published X-ray or NMR structures of seven 50 S ribosomal proteins or RNA-protein complexes were incorporated into the EM density. The 3D locations of cross-link and foot-print sites to the 23 S rRNA from tRNA bound to the ribosomal A, P or E sites were correlated with the positions of the tRNA molecules directly observed in earlier reconstructions of the 70 S ribosome at 13 A or 20 A. Similarly, the positions of cross-link sites within the peptidyl transferase ring of the 23 S rRNA from the aminoacyl residue of tRNA were correlated with the locations of the CCA ends of the A and P site tRNA. Sites on the 23 S rRNA that are cross-linked to the N termini of peptides of different lengths were all found to lie within or close to the internal tunnel connecting the peptidyl transferase region with the presumed peptide exit site on the solvent side of the 50 S subunit. The post-transcriptionally modified bases in the 23 S rRNA form a cluster close to the peptidyl transferase area. The minimum conserved core elements of the secondary structure of the 23 S rRNA form a compact block within the 3D structure and, conversely, the points corresponding to the locations of expansion segments in 28 S rRNA all lie on the outside of the structure.
Constant term in Harish-Chandra’s limit formula

Let G R be a real form of a complex semisimple Lie group G. Recall that Rossmann defined a Weyl group action on Lagrangian cycles supported on the conormal bundle of the flag variety of G. We compute the signed average of the Weyl group action on the characteristic cycle of the standard sheaf associated to an open G R -orbit on the flag variety. This result is applied to find the value of the constant term in Harish-Chandra's limit formula for the delta function at zero.
Integral Sliding Mode for the Torque-Vectoring Control of Fully Electric Vehicles: Theoretical Design and Experimental Assessment

This paper presents an integral sliding mode (ISM) formulation for the torque-vectoring (TV) control of a fully electric vehicle. The performance of the controller is evaluated in steady-state and transient conditions, including the analysis of the controller performance degradation due to its real-world implementation. This potential issue, which is typical of sliding mode formulations, relates to the actuation delays caused by the drivetrain hardware configuration, signal discretization, and vehicle communication buses, which can provoke chattering and irregular control action. The controller is experimentally assessed on a prototype electric vehicle demonstrator under the worst-case conditions in terms of drivetrain layout and communication delays. The results show a significant enhancement of the controlled vehicle performance during all maneuvers.
MicroRNA 27a-3p Regulates Antimicrobial Responses of Murine Macrophages Infected by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by Targeting Interleukin-10 and TGF-β-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Binding Protein 2

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) persistently survive and replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells by adopting various strategies to subvert host immune response. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulation via inhibition of macrophage bactericidal activity is a critical step for MAP survival and pathogenesis within the host cell. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 signaling cascade plays a crucial role in the elevation of IL-10 and progression of MAP pathogenesis. The contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their influence on the activation of macrophages during MAP pathogenesis are still unclear. In the current study, we found that miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a) expression is downregulated during MAP infection both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR-27a is also downregulated in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophage). ELISA and real-time qRT-PCR results confirm that overexpression of miR-27a inhibited MAP-induced IL-10 production in macrophages and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, while miR-27a inhibitor counteracted these effects. Luciferase reporter assay results revealed that IL-10 and TGF-β-activated protein kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB 2) are potential targets of miR-27a. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-27a negatively regulates TAB 2 expression and diminishes TAB 2-dependent p38/JNK phosphorylation, ultimately downregulating IL-10 expression in MAP-infected macrophages. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-27a significantly inhibited the intracellular survival of MAP in infected macrophages. Our data show that miR-27a augments antimicrobial activities of macrophages and inhibits the expression of IL-10, demonstrating that miR-27a regulates protective innate immune responses during MAP infection and can be exploited as a novel therapeutic target in the control of intracellular pathogens, including paratuberculosis.
Market orientation of a leading British food retailer

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A 2.5 V 57 MHz 15-tap SC bandpass interpolating filter with 320 MHz output sampling rate in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS

A 57 MHz SC bandpass interpolating filter with 320 Msample/s output is realized in 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS for DDFS (direct-digital frequency synthesis) systems. 15-tap FIR response is achieved with sampling rate increase and frequency upconversion by translating 22 MHz 80 Msample/s input to 56 MHz 320 Msample/s output. Dynamic range is 69 dB (1%THD) and 61 dB (1%IM3). The filter dissipates 120 mW analog and 16 mW digital at 2.5 V supply.
Water at interfaces and its influence on the electrical properties of adsorbed films

This paper discusses water at interfaces with emphasis on the electrical properties of adsorbed films. Two issues are addressed, namely adsorption of organic molecules at the air/water interface in Langmuir monolayers and the influence of adsorbed water on the electrical properties of nanostructured organic films deposited onto solid substrates. In Langmuir monolayers the focus will be on the interaction of the adsorbed molecules with the underlying water, particularly with regard to the surface potential and lateral conductance of the monolayers. It will be shown that these electrical measurements are extremely sensitive to small changes in the subphase, including trace amounts of impurities. Phase transitions due to structuring of the monolayer will be discussed at the light of theoretical models that deal with proton transfer along the monolayers. Attempts will be made to connect the interpretation at the molecular level with experimental findings from techniques such as Brewster angle microscopy and fluorescence microscopy, which provide information at the mesoscopic or microscopic scale. The gradient of the dielectric constant for water at the monolayer interface is inferred from modeling the monolayer surface potential in terms of the dipole moments of the molecules. For deposited films, the discussion will be centered on the electrical properties of nanostructured films produced with either the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) or the layer-by-layer (LBL) methods. The strong effects from adsorbed water will be presented, with mention to sensor applications where the extreme sensitivity of the electrical properties to water is exploited and to doping of a conducting polymer induced by X-ray irradiation.
Effect of Elevated Temperature on Experimental Swarm Rat Chondrosarcoma

The effect of hyperthermia on Swarm rat chondrosarcoma viability was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. The tumor blocks (0.33 g per block) were heated to 40° C, 50° C, 60° C, 70° C, and 80° C, respectively. Blocks that were not heat treated served as controls. Three heating sessions (10, 20, and 30 minutes) were performed for each heating group. The tumor blocks were transplanted into 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats to observe tumor growth. The tumor cells of the control, 40° C (3 time sessions), and 50° C (10 minutes) groups showed little difference from each other microscopically before and 5 weeks after transplantation. Microscopic evidence of cell destruction was observed immediately after hyperthermia in the groups treated at 50° C (20 minutes) and higher. No tumor growth was found in these groups 35 weeks after implantation. Type II collagen, the specific collagen produced by the tumor, was analyzed with the Northern blot hybridization method. The mRNA could not be identified in the groups treated at >50° C (20 minutes) at 5 weeks after implantation. This study indicates that the growth of Swarm rat chondrosarcoma was retarded at temperatures >50° C (20 minutes). The Swarm rat chondrosarcoma is a useful model for studying the effects of hyperthermia on malignant tumor growth.
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyldi-o-phenylene)bis(pyridine-2-carboxamide)

The title molecule, C26H22N4O2, is centrosymmetric and adopts an anti conformation. Two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, viz. amide–pyridine N—H⋯N and phenyl–amide C—H⋯O, stabilize the trans conformation of the (pyridine-2-carboxamido)phenyl group about the amide plane. In the crystal, the presence of weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds results in the formation of a three-dimensional network.
Differential Detection of Single-Chain and Two-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator by a New Immunoadsorbent-Amidolytic Assay (IAA)

Summary A new immunoadsorbent-amidolytic assay (IAA) for the specific differential detection of two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA) and its single-chain precursor (scu-PA) in cell culture supernatants has been developed. The assay combines the selectivity of immunoassays with the specificity of enzyme activity assays exploiting both the antigenic and enzymatic properties of the two proteins. tcu-PA and scu-PA are selectively immunoadsorbed on the wells of a microtiterplate coated with the monoclonal antibody 5B4 and tested for enzymatic activity before and after activation by plasmin treatment. Both proteins are determined with similar efficiency since overlapping dose-response curves were obtained in the range between 12.5-200 ng/ml. The assay has been used to determine tcu-PA and scu-PA in A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cell supernatants. The analytical recoveries for tcu-PA and scu-PA added to A431 cell supernatants were 95.2% and 96.9% respectively. The intra- and inter-assay variations (CV) were 5.5% and 9.0% for tcu-PA and 9.7% and 9.8% for scu-PA respectively.
ς70 Is the Principal Sigma Factor Responsible for Transcription of acs, Which Encodes Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthetase in Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT Cells of Escherichia coli undergo a metabolic switch associated with the production and utilization of acetate. During exponential growth on tryptone broth, these cells excrete acetate via the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase (Pta-AckA) pathway. As they begin the transition to stationary phase, they instead resorb acetate, activate it to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by means of the enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase (Acs) and utilize it to generate energy and biosynthetic components via the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the glyoxylate shunt, respectively. This metabolic switch depends upon the induction of Acs. As part of our effort to dissect the mechanism(s) underlying induction and to identify the signal(s) that triggers that induction, we sought the sigma factor most responsible foracs expression. Using isogenic strains that carry a temperature sensitivity allele of the gene that encodes ς70 and either a wild-type or null allele of the gene that encodes ςS, we determined by immunoblotting, reverse transcriptase PCR, and acs::lacZtranscriptional fusion analyses that ς70 is the sigma factor primarily responsible for the acs transcription that cells induce during mid-exponential phase. In contrast, ςS partially inhibits that transcription as cells enter stationary phase.
Does Debt Affect Firm Financial Performance? The Role of Debt on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Indonesia

This research addresses main question of the conditions of debt-constraint expropriation and debt-facilitate expropriation, and the difference between those conditions on type of group ownership (group or no group-affiliate). Agency theory predicts that debt is bonding and monitoring mechanism for managers’ perquisites action. Expropriation of minority shareholders by majority shareholders hurts good corporate governance practices. The expropriation also hurts debtholders value. The research argues that the use of debt will minimize the expropriation level and maintain certain control to managers and majority shareholders, on behalf of minority shareholders and debtholders. The problem of majority versus minority and debtholders spreads widely in Indonesia. This research conducts analytical and statistical methods to examine the roles of debt policy as mechanism of good corporate governance practices in Indonesia. This research argues that debt has difference effect on financial performance based on certain debt characteristic. Two characteristics of debt are debt-constraint expropriation (DCE) and debt-facilitate expropriation (DFE). Different types of ownership, which are group and no group-affiliate, are also examined to support the main issues of DCE and DFE. The result will be useful for economic policy makers; firms level policy makers, investors, academician, and researchers in the area of finance, social science, and humanities. The research tests the main question with four hypotheses that test using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and Wald test for coefficient test. The result shows support for differences in effect on debt to performance for DCE (positive effect) and DFE (negative effect). On DCE, no group-affiliate firms have higher positive effect of debt on performance than group-affiliate firms are. However, on DFE due to risk reduction mechanism, group-affiliate firms have less negative effect of debt on performance than no group-affiliate firms are.
Are Rural Road Investments Alone Sufficient to Generate Transport Flows? Lessons from a Randomized Experiment in Rural Malawi and Policy Implications

This paper draws lessons from an original randomized experiment in Malawi. In order to understand why roads in relatively good condition in rural areas may not be used by buses, a minibus service was subsidized over a six-month period over a distance of 20 kilometers to serve five villages. Using randomly allocated prices for use of the bus, this experiment demonstrates that at very low prices, bus usage is high. Bus usage decreases rapidly with increased prices. However, based on the results on take-up and minibus provider surveys, the experiment demonstrates that at any price, low (with high usage) or high (with low usage), a bus service provider never breaks even on this road. This can contribute to explain why walking or cycling is so widespread on most rural roads in Sub-Saharan Africa. In terms of policy implications, this experiment explains that motorized services need to be subsidized; otherwise a road in good condition will most probably not lead to provision of service at an affordable price for the local population.