Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo effects of tamoxifen against Echinococcus granulosus larval 1 stage 2 3 4

3 4 María Celeste Nicolao, María Celina Elissondo, Guillermo M. Denegri, Alejandra B. 5 Goya, Andrea C. Cumino # 6 7 1 Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias 8 Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel Cero, 9 (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas 10 (CONICET), Argentina. 2 Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, 11 Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Funes 3350, Nivel 2, (7600) Mar del Plata, 12 Argentina. 3 Departamento de Toxinas Marinas, Laboratorio Regional Mar del Plata, Centro 13 Regional Buenos Aires Sur, Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria 14 (SENASA), Argentina. 15 16 Running Head: Tamoxifen clinical efficacy on Echinococcus granulosus 17 18 19 #Address correspondence to Andrea Cumino, acumino@mdp.edu. ar 20 21 22 AAC Accepts, published online ahead of print on 16 June 2014 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.02113-13 Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
On the Automatic Assessment of Computational Thinking Skills: A Comparison with Human Experts

Programming and computational thinking skills are promoted in schools worldwide. However, there is still a lack of tools that assist learners and educators in the assessment of these skills. We have implemented an assessment tool, called Dr. Scratch, that analyzes Scratch projects with the aim to assess the level of development of several aspects of computational thinking. One of the issues to address in order to show its validity is to compare the (automatic) evaluations provided by the tool with the (manual) evaluations by (human) experts. In this paper we compare the assessments provided by Dr. Scratch with over 450 evaluations of Scratch projects given by 16 experts in computer science education. Our results show strong correlations between automatic and manual evaluations. As there is an ample debate among educators on the use of this type of tools, we discuss the implications and limitations, and provide recommendations for further research.
Modeling spatial correlation for MAC protocols in event-driven wireless sensor networks

In event-driven scenario, each event triggers a large number of nodes for sensing and transmission, thus the nodes encounter spatially-correlated contention due to correlation between nodes in spatial domain. In this paper, a correlation model is proposed to describe the correlation characteristics of sensor nodes using the overlapped field of coverage where each node follows boolean disk coverage Model. Based on correlation model, C-INS algorithm is presented to exploit the spatial correlation in event area. In addition, a random correlated event traffic model for NS-2 network simulator is developed to apply the results of proposed correlation model to the MAC protocols. It is used as an example to show how to apply our correlation model to exploit the spatial correlation in event-driven workload. Simulations in NS2 are carried out with existing MAC protocols to measure the effectiveness of proposed correlation model and C-INS algorithm. The simulation results show that by exploiting spatial correlation network performance in terms of energy consumption and delay guarantee improves drastically. The analytical results of proposed correlation model shows good spatial correlation between nodes with a control parameterθ.
Gender-Biased Behavior at Work: What Can Surveys Tell Us About the Link Between Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination?

This paper examines the links between survey-based reports of sexual harassment and gender discrimination. In particular, we are interested in assessing whether these concepts measure similar forms of gender-biased behavior and whether they have the same effect on workers’ job satisfaction and intentions to leave their jobs. Our results provide little support for the notion that survey-based measures of sexual harassment and gender discrimination capture the same underlying behavior. Respondents do appear to differentiate between incidents of sexual harassment and incidents of gender discrimination in the workplace. Both gender discrimination and sexual harassment are associated with a substantially higher degree of job dissatisfaction, particularly amongst men. While women who experience gender discrimination are somewhat more likely to intend to change jobs, amongst men it is sexual harassment that leads to an increased propensity to quit. We find no significant interactions between our two measures of gender bias, perhaps implying that the intensity of gender bias is relatively unimportant for understanding job dissatisfaction and the intention to quit. At the same time, this may reflect the lack of precision with which we estimate this interaction, especially for men.
A cytosolic heat shock protein 90 and cochaperone CDC37 complex is required for RIP3 activation during necroptosis

Significance Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrotic cell death controlled by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, RIP3. RIP3 exists in live cells as a latent form in the cytosol and is activated by death-inducing cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor. We report here that RIP3 activation requires Heat Shock Protein 90, HSP90, and its cochaperone protein CDC37. HSP90 inhibitors, currently under investigation in clinical trials for a variety of cancer indications, are capable of inhibiting necroptosis at concentrations below the clinically achieved concentration in patients’ sera. Since the components of the necroptosis pathway are being pursued as potential drug targets for many degenerative diseases, the finding described here revealed that there are already clinical stage molecules available to inhibit necroptosis. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3, RIP3, and a pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase-domain like protein, MLKL, constitute the core components of the necroptosis pathway, which causes programmed necrotic death in mammalian cells. Latent RIP3 in the cytosol is activated by several upstream signals including the related kinase RIP1, which transduces signals from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family of cytokines. We report here that RIP3 activation following the induction of necroptosis requires the activity of an HSP90 and CDC37 cochaperone complex. This complex physically associates with RIP3. Chemical inhibitors of HSP90 efficiently block necroptosis by preventing RIP3 activation. Cells with knocked down CDC37 were unable to respond to necroptosis stimuli. Moreover, an HSP90 inhibitor that is currently under clinical development as a cancer therapy was able to prevent systemic inflammatory response syndrome in rats treated with TNF-α. HSP90 and CDC37 cochaperone complex-mediated protein folding is thus an important part of the RIP3 activation process during necroptosis.
Sexual behavior and aggression in male mice: involvement of the vomeronasal system

Recent observations have implicated the vomeronasal (accessory olfactory) system in the chemosensory control of rodent social behaviors. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of peripheral vomeronasal organ extirpation on sexual behavior, aggression, and urine marking in male mice. Relative to sham-operated control animals, mice lacking vomeronasal organs displayed significantly reduced levels of copulatory behavior and intermale aggression. Urine marking rates were not reduced. The peripheral removal of the vomeronasal organ resulted in complete bilateral deafferentation of the accessory olfactory bulbs but spared the peripheral input to the main olfactory bulbs as evidenced by the lack of anterograde vomeronasal nerve transport but normal anterograde olfactory nerve transport of intranasally applied horseradish peroxidase. Neither body weights, paired testes weights, nor seminal vesicle weights of mice with vomeronasal system lesions differed significantly from those of control animals. Thus, an intact vomeronasal organ is important for the normal display of sexual behavior and aggression in male mice, and the reductions in these androgen-dependent behaviors following peripheral deafferentation of the vomeronasal system cannot be attributed to a chronic reduction of gonadal hormone secretion.
A specific E3 ligase/deubiquitinase pair modulates TBP protein levels during muscle differentiation

TFIID—a complex of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factors (TAFs)—is a central component of the Pol II promoter recognition apparatus. Recent studies have revealed significant downregulation of TFIID subunits in terminally differentiated myocytes, hepatocytes and adipocytes. Here, we report that TBP protein levels are tightly regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Using an in vitro ubiquitination assay coupled with biochemical fractionation, we identified Huwe1 as an E3 ligase targeting TBP for K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation. Upregulation of Huwe1 expression during myogenesis induces TBP degradation and myotube differentiation. We found that Huwe1 activity on TBP is antagonized by the deubiquitinase USP10, which protects TBP from degradation. Thus, modulating the levels of both Huwe1 and USP10 appears to fine-tune the requisite degradation of TBP during myogenesis. Together, our study unmasks a previously unknown interplay between an E3 ligase and a deubiquitinating enzyme regulating TBP levels during cellular differentiation. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.08536. 001
Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity for Evolved Robots

Plastic spiking neural networks are synthesized for phototactic robots using evolutionary techniques. Synaptic plasticity asymmetrically depends on the precise relative timing between presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes at the millisecond range and on longer-term activity-dependent regulatory scaling. Comparative studies have been carried out for different kinds of plastic neural networks with low and high levels of neural noise. In all cases, the evolved controllers are highly robust against internal synaptic decay and other perturbations. The importance of the precise timing of spikes is demonstrated by randomizing the spike trains. In the low neural noise scenario, weight values undergo rhythmic changes at the mesoscale due to bursting, but during periods of high activity they are finely regulated at the microscale by synchronous or entrained firing. Spike train randomization results in loss of performance in this case. In contrast, in the high neural noise scenario, robots are robust to loss of information in the timing of the spike trains, demonstrating the counterintuitive results that plasticity, which is dependent on precise spike timing, can work even in its absence, provided the behavioral strategies make use of robust longer-term invariants of sensorimotor interaction. A comparison with a rate-based model of synaptic plasticity shows that under similarly noisy conditions, asymmetric spike-timing dependent plasticity achieves better performance by means of efficient reduction in weight variance over time. Performance also presents negative sensitivity to reduced levels of noise, showing that random firing has a functional value.
Deficiency of PXR decreases atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice[S]

The pregnane X receptor (PXR, also known as SXR) is a nuclear hormone receptor activated by xenobiotics as well as diverse sterols and their metabolites. PXR functions as a xenobiotic sensor to coordinately regulate xenobiotic metabolism via transcriptional regulation of xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes and transporters. Recent evidence indicates that PXR may also play an important role in lipid homeostasis and atherosclerosis. To define the role of PXR in atherosclerosis, we generated PXR and apoE double knockout (PXR−/−apoE−/−) mice. Here we show that deficiency of PXR did not alter plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels in apoE−/− mice. However, PXR−/−apoE−/− mice had significantly decreased atherosclerotic cross-sectional lesion area in both the aortic root and brachiocephalic artery by 40% (P < 0.01) and 60% (P < 0.001), respectively. Interestingly, deficiency of PXR reduced the expression levels of CD36, lipid accumulation, and CD36-mediated oxidized LDL uptake in peritoneal macrophages of PXR−/−apoE−/− mice. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining showed that PXR and CD36 were expressed in the atherosclerotic lesions of apoE−/− mice, and the expression levels of PXR and CD36 were diminished in the lesions of PXR−/−apoE−/− mice. Our findings indicate that deficiency of PXR attenuates atherosclerosis development, which may result from decreased CD36 expression and reduced lipid uptake in macrophages.
HIV-1 Transcripts Use IRES-Initiation under Conditions Where Cap-Dependent Translation Is Restricted by Poliovirus 2A Protease

The 30 different species of mRNAs synthesized during the HIV-1 replication cycle are all capped and polyadenilated. Internal ribosome entry sites have been recognized in the 5′ untranslated region of some mRNA species of HIV-1, which would contribute to an alternative mechanism of initiation of mRNA translation. However, the Cap-dependent translation is assumed to be the main mechanism driving the initiation of HIV-1 protein synthesis. In this work, we describe a cell system in which lower to higher levels of transient expression of the poliovirus 2A protease strongly inhibited cellular Cap-dependent translation with no toxic effect to the cells during a 72-hour time frame. In this system, the synthesis of HIV-1 proteins was inhibited in a temporal dose-dependent way. Higher levels of 2A protease expression severely inhibited HIV-1 protein synthesis during the first 24 hours of infection consequently inhibiting viral production and infectivity. Intermediate to lower levels of 2A Protease expression caused the inhibition of viral protein synthesis only during the first 48 hours of viral replication. After this period both protein synthesis and viral release were recovered to the control levels. However, the infectivity of viral progeny was still partially inhibited. These results indicate that two mechanisms of mRNA translation initiation contribute to the synthesis of HIV-1 proteins; during the first 24–48 hours of viral replication HIV-1 protein synthesis is strongly dependent on Cap-initiation, while at later time points IRES-driven translation initiation is sufficient to produce high amounts of viral particles.
Is There a Relation Between the Syntax and the Fitness of an Audio Feature?

Feature generation has been proposed recently to generate feature sets automatically, as opposed to human-designed feature sets. This technique has shown promising results in many areas of supervised classification, in particular in the audio domain. However, feature generation is usually performed blindly, with genetic algorithms. As a result search performance is poor, thereby limiting its practical use. We propose a method to increase the search performance of feature generation systems. We focus on analytical features, i.e. features determined by their syntax. Our method consists in first extracting statistical properties of the feature space called spin patterns, by analogy with statistical physics. We show that spin patterns carry information about the topology of the feature space. We exploit these spin patterns to guide a simulated annealing algorithm specifically designed for feature generation. We evaluate our approach on three audio classification problems, and show that it increases performance by an order of magnitude. More generally this work is a first step in using tools from statistical physics for the supervised classification of complex audio signals.
Towards Universally Accessible Typography: A Review of Research on Dyslexia

Within the last decade, especially the last two years, there has been a great deal of research regarding the effect that typography has on the readability and accessibility of text for individuals with dyslexia This research provides new insights into specific typographic features such as font size, letter spacing, line length, line spacing, font type (i.e., serif versus sans serif and roman versus italic), and specialized fonts for individuals with dyslexia. All of this work provides a framework for better understanding the basis behind the personal observations and preferences of many individuals with dyslexia, and presents opportunities to develop new guidelines for accessible typography. This paper will discuss how this new research fits in with existing theories of dyslexia, its implications for the development of universally accessible typography, and future research directions.
Relationships of leader reward behavior with employee behavior: Fairness and morale as key mediators

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine employee perceptions of fairness and work morale as mediators of the relationship between leader reward behavior and employee behavior.Design/methodology/approach – A matrix of meta‐analytic estimates containing the focal variables (leader reward behavior, fairness, morale, and employee behavior) was constructed following a literature review of published studies. This matrix was then analyzed using structural equation modeling to test a series of nested models.Findings – Leader reward behavior is positively related to higher task performance and organizational citizenship behavior, and fewer intentions to turnover. These relationships are mediated by employees’ perceptions of fairness and work morale.Research limitations/implications – The paper extends the leadership literature by identifying two mechanisms (viz., fairness and morale) through which leader reward behavior relates to employee behavior. Possible limitations are the drawbacks associated with .
A grounded theory of child abuse

iii Acknowledgments . v Dedication . vi Table of
Uncertainty and Economic Activity: Evidence from Business Survey Data

What is the impact of time-varying business uncertainty on economic activity? Using partly confidential business survey data from the U.S. and Germany in structural VARs, we find that positive innovations to business uncertainty lead to prolonged declines in economic activity. In contrast, their high-frequency impact is small. We find no evidence of the "wait-and-see"-effect - large declines of economic activity on impact and subsequent fast rebounds - that the recent literature associates with positive uncertainty shocks. Rather, positive innovations to business uncertainty have effects similar to negative business confidence innovations. Once we control for their low-frequency effect, we find little statistically or economically significant impact of uncertainty innovations on activity. We argue that high uncertainty events are a mere epiphenomenon of bad economic times: recessions breed uncertainty.
Item-Item Music Recommendations With Side Information

Online music services have tens of millions of tracks. The content itself is broad and covers various musical genres as well as non-musical audio content such as radio plays and podcasts. The sheer scale and diversity of content makes it difficult for a user to find relevant tracks. Relevant recommendations are therefore crucial for a good user experience. Here we present a method to compute track-track similarities using collaborative filtering signals with side information. On a data set from music streaming service SoundCloud, the method here outperforms the widely adopted implicit matrix factorization technique. The implementation of our method is open sourced and can be applied to related item-item recommendation tasks with side information.
Reverse Engineering Informational Privacy Law

Is technology-neutral legislation possible? Technological neutrality in legislation is often praised for its flexibility and ability to apply to future technologies. Yet, time and again we realize that even if the law did not name any technology, it was nevertheless based on an image of a particular technology. When new technologies appear, they expose the underlying technological mindset of the existing law. This article suggests that we read technology-related laws so to uncover their hidden technological mindset so that we can better understand the law and prepare for the future. Reverse Engineering the law is an interpretive mode, tailored to uncover the technological layer of the law.After locating the discussion within the paradigm of law & technology, I unpack the meaning of technology-neutral legislation: I point to three possible justifications thereof: flexibility, innovation and harmonization. The article then suggests an initial typology that offers a range of legislative choices, richer rather than a binary all-or-nothing choice, and explains the methodology of reverse engineering the law.The next step is to challenge the claim for neutrality in the context of informational privacy. Proposals to amend the law are on the tables of policy-makers in the United States and in the EU. I focus on the current global engine of data protection law, the EU 1995 Data Protection Directive. The reverse engineering of the Directive indicates that it is more technological-neutral than we might have expected from an instrument that was composed in the early 1990s based on laws from the early 1970s. Nevertheless, the close reading reveals the underlying technological mindset and assumptions. I conclude that pure technologically neutral legislation is, to a great extent, a myth.
Novel Concepts for Integrating the Electric Drive and Auxiliary DC–DC Converter for Hybrid Vehicles

Cost, volume, and weight are three major driving forces in the automotive area. This is also true for hybrid electric vehicles, which are attracting more and more attention due to increasing fuel costs and air pollution. In hybrid vehicles, the energy distribution system causes a significant share of the volume and the costs. One part of this system is the DC-DC converter that transfers power between the low- and high-voltage buses. In order to reduce the costs and the volume of this converter, this paper presents a new concept for integrating the DC-DC converter functionality into the traction drive system. By using the inverter and the machine to implement a primary bridge leg of an isolated full-bridge DC-DC converter, the total system costs and weight can be reduced. This concept is verified by simulations and experimental results for a scaled prototype. An analytical model of the system has been developed and agrees very well with the measurements. By scaling this model to the power levels typical for hybrid vehicles, it is expected that the efficiency for the DC-DC converter will be greater than 85% for a conventional modulation scheme and above 91% for an optimized switching scheme.