Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Need for mental health care in adolescents and its determinants: the TRAILS Study.

BACKGROUND Although a great deal of evidence is available on the patterns and determinants of unmet health care needs among adolescents with mental health problems, little is known about the factors that influence the need for care. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of need for care for mental problems in adolescents and the determinants of this need. METHODS Data were obtained from three assessment waves of TRAILS (TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey) (N = 1406). Need for care was assessed at age 16/17 (parent report). Determinants concerned previous health care utilization, emotional and behavioral problems (child behavior checklist and youth self-report) and child and family characteristics. RESULTS Of the 1406 parents, 409 parents (29%) reported that their child needed help for mental problems. Of these adolescents, only 29% received specialized mental health treatment. The determinants of need for mental health care at age 16/17 were family break-up and parental internalizing problems (age 10/11), parent-reported internalizing and externalizing (age 10/11 and 13/14) and receiving specialized help (age 13/14). CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of all adolescents need care for their mental problems, according to their parent. There is also a large group of adolescents with mental health problems according to their parents, but for whom no parental reported need for care is expressed. The findings stress the importance of early interventions focusing on raising parental and child awareness of mental health problems.
Extraction of situational meaning by integrating multiple meanings in a complex environment: A functional MRI study

Humans extract behaviorally significant meaning from a situation by integrating meanings from multiple components of a complex daily environment. To determine the neural underpinnings of this ability, the authors performed functional magnetic resonance imaging of healthy subjects while the latter viewed naturalistic scenes of two people and an object, including a threatening situation of a person being attacked by an offender with an object. The authors used a two‐factorial design: the object was either aversive or nonaversive, and the offender's action was either directed to the person or elsewhere. This allowed the authors to examine the neural response to object aversiveness and person‐directed intention separately. A task unrelated to threat was also used to address incidental (i.e., subconscious or unintentional) detection. Assuming individual differences in incidental threat detection, the authors used a functional connectivity analysis using principal components analysis of intersubject variability. The left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) were specifically activated in response to a threatening situation. The threat‐related component of intersubject variability was extracted from these data and showed a significant correlation with personality scores. There was also a correlation between threat‐related intersubject variability and activation for object aversiveness in the left temporal pole and lateral orbitofrontal cortex; person‐directed intention in the left superior frontal gyrus; threatening situations in the left MPFC; and independently for both factors in the right MPFC. Results demonstrate independent processing of object aversiveness and person‐directed intention in the left temporal‐orbitofrontal and superior frontal networks, respectively, and their integration into situational meaning in the MPFC. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Empty-Queue Aware Cooperative Relay MAC Protocol with Vacation Queue Analysis

In this paper, by exploring the idle state of the cooperative relay terminal, an empty-queue aware cooperative time division multiple access (TDMA) media access control (MAC) protocol (EQ-CTDMA) is proposed for the Military Tactical Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MTWMANs). The basic idea is that the relay introduces the active spatial diversity to the source on its vacations. A three-node delay model of EQ-CTDMA is established by the M/G/1 N-policy queue with multiple exhaustive vacations, which provides a way to balance the rate gain in the source S and the delay cost in the relay R by deriving a utilization optimization function with the delay sensitive traffic constraint. Furthermore, based on some reasonable assumptions, the three-node delay model can be extended to analyze the whole traffic queue network. Consequently, we propose a relay selection strategy regarding the average traffic queue length of each relay. Numerical results reveal that with proper tradeoff between delays and rate gains, EQ-CTDMA can significantly improve the utilization throughput in Rayleigh fading channels and in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Adaptation of Methanogenic Inocula to Anaerobic Digestion of Maize Silage

A well-balanced microbial consortium is crucial for efficient biogas production. In turn, one of a major factor that influence on the structure of anaerobic digestion (AD) consortium is a source of microorganisms which are used as an inoculum. This study evaluated the influence of inoculum sources (with various origin) on adaptation of a biogas community and the efficiency of the biomethanization of maize silage. As initial inocula for AD of maize silage the samples from: (i) an agricultural biogas plant (ABP) which utilizes maize silage as a main substrate, (ii) cattle slurry (CS), which contain elevated levels of lignocelluloses materials, and (iii) raw sewage sludge (RSS) with low content of plant origin materials were used. The adaptation of methanogenic consortia was monitored during a series of passages, and the functionality of the adapted consortia was verified through start-up operation of AD in two-stage reactors. During the first stages of the adaptation phase, methanogenic consortia occurred very slowly, and only after several passages did the microbial community adapts to allow production of biogas with high methane content. The ABP consortium revealed highest biogas production in the adaptation and in the start-up process. The biodiversity dynamics monitored during adaptation and start-up process showed that community profile changed in a similar direction in three studied consortia. Native communities were very distinct to each other, while at the end of the Phase II of the start-up process microbial diversity profile was similar in all consortia. All adopted bacterial communities were dominated by representatives of Porphyromonadaceae, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Synergistaceae. A shift from low acetate-preferring acetoclastic Methanosaetaceae (ABP and RSS) and/or hydrogenotrophic Archaea, e.g., Methanomicrobiaceae (CS) prevailing in the inoculum samples to larger populations of high acetate-preferring acetoclastic Methanosarcinaceae was observed by the end of the experiment. As a result, three independent, functional communities that syntrophically produced methane from acetate (primarily) and H2/CO2, methanol and methylamines were adapted. This study provides new insights into the specific process by which different inocula sampled from typical methanogenic environments that are commonly used to initiate industrial installations gradually adapted to allow biogas production from maize silage.
Reduction of gas flow nonuniformity in gas turbine engines by means of gas-dynamic methods

Gas flow nonuniformity is one of the main sources of rotor blade vibrations in the gas turbine engines. Usually, the flow circumferential nonuniformity occurs near the annular frames, located in the flow channel of the engine. This leads to the increased dynamic stresses in blades and as a consequence to the blade damage. The goal of the research was to find an acceptable method of reducing the level of gas flow nonuniformity as the source of dynamic stresses in the rotor blades. Two different methods were investigated during this research. Thus, this study gives the ideas about methods of improving the flow structure in gas turbine engine. On the basis of existing conditions (under development or existing engine) it allows the selection of the most suitable method for reducing gas flow nonuniformity.
Frictional wear of potassium titanate whisker filled carbon fabric/epoxy composites

A carbon Fabric/epoxy composite material can be prepared with carbon Fabric as the reinforcement phase and epoxy resin as the binder phase. Use it as the substrate, add six potassium titanate whisker (SPTW) therein, a nano-modified composite will be prepared to investigate how its friction and wear are subjected to change with different loads and what effect the fillers of different doses play on the tribological properties of the composites. Beyond that, its wear mechanism is also discussed herein. The results reveal that the SPTW can exert a good wear resistance effect; there is an optimal dosage of 2.0% for SPTW. In this process, the wear mode of the composite material turns from brittle peeling to adhesive wear.
Genetic Variability and Direct Selection Criterion for Seed Yield in Segregating Generations of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

The aim of this study was to determine nature and extent of variability parameters and their utilization in barley breeding programme. A total of 45 F1s along with their parents and F2 populations were evaluated in a randomized block design with 3 replications during Rabi (winter season) 2014. The various traits measured were days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, upper leaf area, tillers-plant, spikes-plant, spike length, grains-spike, spike weight, grain weight-spike, spike harvest index, 1000 grain weight, biological yield-plant, grain yield-plant (g), harvest index, grain size, husk content and protein content. Results showed that significant variation was observed for all the traits studied in the entire gene pool. The degree of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was high for tillers-plant, spike-plant, grain yield-plant, flag leaf area, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain weight-spike, upper leaf area and husk content. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for tillers-plant, spikes-plant, grain yield-plant, flag leaf area, harvest index, grain weight-spike, upper leaf area, husk content, grain size and plant height suggesting that these traits are highly heritable and governed by additive gene action. Moderate heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for 1000 grain weight, biological yield-plant, spike length, protein content, grains-spike and spike weight; however, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity had moderate heritability coupled with low genetic advance suggesting preponderance on non-additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. It could be concluded that the traits of tillers-plant, spikes-plant, grain yield-plant, flag leaf area, harvest index, grain weight-spike, upper leaf area, husk content, grain size and plant height were identified as most decisive factor intended towards developing high yielding barley cultivars.
A Kernel Regression Approach to Gene‐Gene Interaction Detection for Case‐Control Studies

Gene‐gene interactions are increasingly being addressed as a potentially important contributor to the variability of complex traits. Consequently, attentions have moved beyond single locus analysis of association to more complex genetic models. Although several single‐marker approaches toward interaction analysis have been developed, such methods suffer from very high testing dimensionality and do not take advantage of existing information, notably the definition of genes as functional units. Here, we propose a comprehensive family of gene‐level score tests for identifying genetic elements of disease risk, in particular pairwise gene‐gene interactions. Using kernel machine methods, we devise score‐based variance component tests under a generalized linear mixed model framework. We conducted simulations based upon coalescent genetic models to evaluate the performance of our approach under a variety of disease models. These simulations indicate that our methods are generally higher powered than alternative gene‐level approaches and at worst competitive with exhaustive SNP‐level (where SNP is single‐nucleotide polymorphism) analyses. Furthermore, we observe that simulated epistatic effects resulted in significant marginal testing results for the involved genes regardless of whether or not true main effects were present. We detail the benefits of our methods and discuss potential genome‐wide analysis strategies for gene‐gene interaction analysis in a case‐control study design.
An Improved Modulation Strategy Combining Phase Shifted PWM and Phase Disposition PWM for Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters

Abstract: Multilevel modulation strategy is an important factor affecting the output performance of multilevel converters. In this paper, the relationship between phase-shifted pulse width modulation (PWM) and phase disposition PWM is analyzed, and then an improved hybrid modulation strategy is proposed for cascaded H-bridge. In addition, the implementation method of multilevel discontinuous modulation for an improved modulation strategy is described. The new modulation strategy is optimized to increase the DC link voltage utilization and further improvement in output harmonics by the injection of a common voltage into the reference. Simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation strategy.
Effect of magnetic field confinement on LIBS spectral enhancement and shape

In order to enhance the emission spectrum of plasma in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), magnetic fields with different intensities were applied around the plasma to investigate its enhancement. Adjust the laser energy to 60mJ, change the magnetic field strength, use the traditional LIBS, magnetic field enhanced LIBS (MF-LIBS) for laser-induced breakdown of pure copper samples, to obtain the spectral comparison of characteristic line of trace elements (Bi I 206.16 nm) under different constraints and analysis of its enhancement mechanism. The experimental results show that the magnetic field of 153mT will reduce the spectral intensity, the 20mT, 50mT, and 90mT magnetic fields will enhance the spectral intensity. The stronger the magnetic field, the better the spectral enhancement effect, but the enhancement effect of 20mt is not obvious. The Lorenz fitting coefficient of the line is the lowest when magnetic field is not applied, the fitting coefficient gradually increases at 153mT, 20mT, 50mT and 90mT magnetic fields, indicating that the line shape is closer to the Lorentz type. And the spectral line width are also larger and reaches the largest when the 90 mT magnetic field is applied.
Genetic Complementation of the Obligate Marine Actinobacterium Salinispora tropica with the Large Mechanosensitive Channel Gene mscL Rescues Cells from Osmotic Downshock

ABSTRACT Marine actinomycetes in the genus Salinispora fail to grow when seawater is replaced with deionized (DI) water in complex growth media. While bioinformatic analyses have led to the identification of a number of candidate marine adaptation genes, there is currently no experimental evidence to support the genetic basis for the osmotic requirements associated with this taxon. One hypothesis is that the lineage-specific loss of mscL is responsible for the failure of strains to grow in media prepared with DI water. The mscL gene encodes a conserved transmembrane protein that reduces turgor pressure under conditions of acute osmotic downshock. In the present study, the mscL gene from a Micromonospora strain capable of growth on media prepared with DI water was transformed into S. tropica strain CNB-440. The single-copy, chromosomal genetic complementation yielded a recombinant Salinispora mscL + strain that demonstrated an increased capacity to survive osmotic downshock. The enhanced survival of the S. tropica transformant provides experimental evidence that the loss of mscL is associated with the failure of Salinispora spp. to grow in low-osmotic-strength media.
Linear discriminant analysis of MUAP scalograms

The paper presents a new approach to the computer aided diagnostic systems for the needs of quantitative electromyography. The approach is based on the analysis of wavelet scalograms of the motor unit action potentials calculated on the basis of 4th order Symlet wavelet. The scalograms provide the vector consisting of six features describing the state of a muscle that can be reduced to the two features with use of Linear Discriminant Analysis. Consequently, the healthy, myogenic and neurogenic cases can be successfully classified using the linear methods.
Using liquid water as broadband terahertz wave emitter

When an intense ultrafast laser pulse is focused into a free-flowing water film, broadband terahertz (THz) radiation is emitted through the interaction between strong laser fields and liquid water molecules. Experimental results show that THz waves generated from liquid water have very different characteristics in comparison to those from other THz sources such as solids and gases. The mechanism for the THz wave generation process is currently attributed to the plasma formation in the bulk water. This demonstration may find potential applications in biological imaging and provide new tools in the field of nonlinear laser-liquid interactions.
Pervasive Parallelism for Managed Runtimes

Modern programming languages like C# or Java are executed in a managed runtime and offer support for concurrency at a high level of abstraction. However, high-level parallel abstractions (e.g., thread pools) can merely be provided as a library since the underlying runtime (including the dynamic compiler) is aware of only a small set of low-level parallel abstractions. In this paper we discuss alternative abstractions of concurrency in the source language, the runtime, and the dynamic compiler. The abstractions enable a dynamic optimizing compiler to perform new code transformations that can adapt the granularity of parallel tasks according to the system resources. The presented optimizations allow the runtime to tune the execution of parallel code fully automatically.
Facial Expression Recognition Based on Significant Face Components Using Steerable Pyramid Transform Ayşegül UÇAR

Facial expression recognition is a challenging problem in many areas such as computer vision and humancomputer interaction. To extract an effective facial features and then to classify them are the best important points of facial expression recognition process. In this article, a new automatic facial expression recognition algorithm is proposed in order to further enhance the recognition performance in terms of these two points. First, it is detected the some specific components of face, such as the mouth, eyes, eyebrows, and nose by Viola-Jones algorithm. Secondly it is extracted features by applying local Steerable Pyramid Transform (SPT) to each of facial component images. Thirdly it is used Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers for facial expression verification. Finally the classifier outputs are combined by decision fusion. The experiments on the Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE) database and the Cohn-Kanade database show that the proposed Component based Facial Expression Recognition (CFER) algorithm improves facial expression recognition performance compared to an algorithm combining SPT and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using whole face images to the results in the literature.
Two cases of food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis with different culprit foods

Food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) is one of the severe allergic reactions in which symptoms develop only if exercise takes place within a few hours of eating a specific food. It is important to consider FDEIA in cases of unexplained anaphylaxis as reactions can occur several hours after ingesting the culprit food(s). We herein report the first two cases of FDEIA in the Middle East. The first one is induced by wheat, while the other by peanut. The pathophysiology, predisposing factors, diagnosis, and treatment of FDEIA are also summarized here.
Achieving high-performance epoxy nanocomposites with trifunctional poly(oxypropylene)amines functionalized graphene oxide

In this article, two types of functional graphene oxide (GO) with amine-rich surface were synthesized through chemically grafting two different molecular chain length trifunctional poly(oxypropylene)amines T5000 and T403, which were named as T5000-GO and T403-GO, respectively. The functionalized GO was then added to epoxy (EP) resin. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis confirmed successful chemical functionalization on GO. Both T403-GO and T5000-GO were tightly embedded in the EP, because the amine-rich surface of functionalized-GO could form covalent bonds with the EP matrix, thereby contributing to the enhancement of mechanical properties. Particularly, T5000-GO, which has longer grafting molecule chains, achieved better compatibility and dispersibility in the EP matrix, resulting in a better reinforcing efficiency in mechanical properties. For example, the T5000-GO/EP composites showed an incremental enhancement in tensile strength with increasing filler concentrations, whereas their T403-GO/EP counterparts failed to follow the same trend. Meanwhile, the T5000-GO/EP composites with only 0.1-wt% T5000-GO achieved a prominent increase in flexural strength (approximately 50%) and flexural modulus (approximately 26.8%), which were higher than those of T403-GO-filled counterparts. This work indicated that the compatibility and interphase between GO and EP could be designed by manipulating the length of grafting molecule chains, thereby providing a better understanding of the relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of the graphene/EP nanocomposites.
Teaching genetic algorithm-based parameter optimization using Pacman

Previous artificial intelligence education research (DeNero and Klein, 2010) has used the classic video game Pacman to teach introductory artificial intelligence concepts. One of the advantages of the work proposed in (DeNero and Klein, 2010) is that the same framework, in this case using the video game Pacman, can be used for different student assignments covering different artificial intelligence algorithms and methods. The issue of how to use the same practical framework is an important one, because if students have to learn a different framework for every assignment they will often feel discouraged. For this reason, the main contribution of this paper is to present a practical assignment to teach students about genetic algorithm-based parameter optimization using the Pacman framework.
Muscle fibre composition and meat quality in pigs with different nutrition level

A total of 60 crossbred pigs were divided to 3 feeding groups - ad libitum (AL), restriction (R1) and strong restriction (R2) and the effect of feed restriction on muscle fibre characteristics of musculus longissimus lumborum (MLL) and meat quality traits were evaluated. Muscle fibres were stained and classified as fibre types I, IIA and IIB. For each muscle fibre type, the fibre density, fibre cross-section area (CSA) and fibre proportion were determined. Fibres IIB were divided to small-, medium- and large-sized fibres. From qualitative meat parameters, meat colour, tenderness, water-holding capacity, pH, and electrical conductivity were measured. AL group had significantly lower area percentage of IIB fibres and lower CSA of IIB fibres than restricted groups. R2 group had significantly higher content of large-sized IIB fibres and lower content of medium-sized IIB fibres than AL group. Ad libitum fed group had the highest back fat thickness and the lowest lean meat content and tended to have better meat quality traits compared to other groups. The results of this study showed that strong feed restriction had a negative effect on muscle fibre composition, especially amount of large-sized fibres IIB, which are associated with poor meat quality.