Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ship engravings at Kilepwa, Mida Creek, Kenya

ABSTRACT With the archaeological survey of shipwrecks on the East African coast in its infancy, ship engravings are a source for maritime information for the medieval period. This paper reports on the discovery of engravings incised into the plaster of the internal wall of a fifteenth-century house on the island of Kilepwa at Mida Creek, Kenya. The engravings show Indian Ocean vessels resembling mitepe at rest and at sail, including mast, sail, prow and planking details. The function of the building is discussed and the evidence from the engravings considered in terms of boat technology, navigation and local belief. The engravings are considered to have been drawn by people involved with the oceanic economy at Kilepwa, a convenient port for large vessels close to the main channel. Finally, possible purposes of the drawings are discussed, including that of a votive or charm function.
Endothelium‐dependent vascular hyporesponsiveness without detection of nitric oxide synthase induction in aortas of cirrhotic rats

The present experiments were designed to test if induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) plays a role in the systemic vasodilation observed in hepatic cirrhosis. Because endotoxin levels are elevated in cirrhosis, and endotoxin stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in several cell lines, aortas of carbon tetrachloride‐induced cirrhotic rats with ascites were evaluated for iNOS expression. Endotoxin‐treated rats were studied as positive controls. Phenylephrine contraction was decreased in aortic rings with endothelium from both endotoxin‐treated and cirrhotic rats as compared with controls. However, after endothelium denudation, the reduced contractility persisted in endotoxin‐treated rats but disappeared in cirrhotic rats. L‐Nitro‐arginine‐meth‐ylester (L‐NAME), a nonselective inhibitor of NOS, potentiated the phenylephrine contraction of aortic rings with and without endothelium from endotoxin‐treated rats but only rings with endothelium from cirrhotic rats. Moreover, aminoguanidine (AG), a preferential inhibitor of iNOS, did not affect phenylephrine contraction of rings with or without endothelium from cirrhotic rats but reversed the blunted response in endotoxin‐treated rats. Northern analysis detected iNOS RNA (mRNA) expression in aortas of endotoxin‐treated rats but did not detect it from cirrhotic rats. In summary, although several previous studies provide evidence for in vivo overproduction of nitric oxide in cirrhosis, the present results do not support iNOS induction as the source of nitric oxide in aortas of cirrhotic rats. Rather, because the aortic vascular hyporesponsiveness in cirrhosis is endothelium‐dependent, overexpression or overstimulation of the endothelial constitutive isoform of NOS appears to be involved. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1856‐1862).
Perceived Magnitudes of Vibrations Transmitted Through Mobile Device

In this paper, we report the design and results of a psychophysical experiment wherein the perceived magnitudes of vibrations with various frequencies (20 ¿ 360 Hz) and amplitudes (6 ¿ 45 dB SL) transmitted to the hand through the mobile device were measured using the absolute magnitude estimation paradigm. For an apparatus, a mini vibration shaker on which a mock-up mobile device was mounted was used. We fitted a non-linear regression model to the measured data in order to obtain the perceived magnitudes in a large range of vibration frequency and amplitude. The findings of this paper can be used to assess the perceptual characteristics of vibrations from mobile device we experience everyday.
Histological and immunohistochemical study of estrogen and progesterone receptors in normal human breast tissue in adult age groups vulnerable to malignancy

Analysis of receptor status has become standard procedure for assessing breast cancer patients. Estrogen causes epithelial proliferation in breast tissue via the estrogen receptor (ER). The progesterone receptor (PR) is also regulated by the estrogen gene. Analyzing ER and PR together gives information regarding the likely response of carcinoma patients to hormonal therapy. The aim of the present study was to record the expression patterns of ER and PR in normal mammary tissue in different age groups to provide reference data to facilitate histological diagnosis. Breast tissues from the upper outer quadrant of each side of 27 adult female cadavers were examined after H & E staining. ER and PR were identified and examined by immunohistochemistry. The percentage area occupied by parenchyma relative to stromal tissue was calculated in different age groups and was about 4:6, 3.5:6.5, 3:7, 2:8, and 1.5:8.5 in the 3rd, 4th and 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th, and 10th decades of life, respectively. Both ER and PR were present in all age groups and the numbers of both receptors were maximal during the 4th decade. The distribution and staining patterns for both ER and PR were recorded in different age groups. The contiguous pattern of ER, which is considered pathognomonic of breast carcinoma, was not seen except in one case in the 6th decade. Moderately stained ER and PR receptor sites predominated throughout. The study of normal breast tissue of similar age might provide comparisons that will help histopathologists to make clinical diagnoses from breast biopsies. Clin. Anat. 29:729–737, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Methods for Detection and Serotyping of Coagulase from Staphylococcus aureus

Improved methods for detection and serotyping of staphylocoagulase were concomitantly devised. We devised an improved method for detection of coagulase activity on agarose film in the same manner as single radial immunodiffusion. The amounts of reagents required for detection of coagulase on agarose film were successfully diminished by adding polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the original formula described by Boothby et al. Using microplates in another improved method for coagulase serotyping, the amount of reaction fluid required was considerably less compared with the conventional tube method. PEG was found to be also effective to increase the efficacy of coagulase serotyping. In the presence or absence of anti‐coagulase antisera, culture supernatants of staphylococcal strain grown in brain heart infusion broth were incubated with the reaction fluid containing bovine fibrinogen, rabbit plasma, 6‐amino caproic acid, polyethylene glycol 6,000. Coagulase activity was visualized as a turbid mass formed in the wells. Turbid mass formation due to coagulase activity was type‐specifically inhibited in the presence of type‐specific antisera. Detailed procedures of the methods are precisely described with some preliminary results obtained by the methods.
Uncertainty and Fishery Management in the North American Great Lakes : Lessons from Applications of Decision Analysis

—Many fishery management decisions continue to be guided by science only through “best guess” interpretation of assessment information and deterministic models of fisheries and food webs; until very recently this was true of nearly all fishery management in the Great Lakes. However, fishery management decisions can be improved by formally considering uncertainty when evaluating management options; practical tools for doing this have become increasingly available. Accounting for uncertainty is important because acting as though the best guess is true may be substantially suboptimal if this leads to poor performance for other, less likely, but still plausible “states of the world. ” For a variety of critical Great Lakes fishery management issues, including determining appropriate investments in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus control, setting suitable levels of salmonine stocking, and establishing percid harvest policies, we have considered the importance of explicitly incorporating uncertainty. In each case, we worked closely with fishery managers to conduct a decision analysis of management options they identified, using contemporary statistical methods to formally assess uncertainty about key fishery parameters and stochastic simulation to compare management options. These decision analyses were used by fishery managers to develop policies that more objectively account for uncertainty and to garner support from stakeholders and policy makers. The approach shows considerable promise for future fishery management in the Great Lakes, but will face substantial challenges as managers seek to more effectively involve stakeholders throughout the process, foster the requisite technical expertise within their agencies, and communicate the results of highly technical analyses to both stakeholders and decision makers. Three important aspects of salmon Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim region management for which a decision analysis approach would be particularly valuable are (1) the evaluation of different options for assessment sampling of returning adult salmon, used to determine whether escapement targets are being met; (2) strategies for in-season management of salmon harvest; and (3) setting annual escapement goals for individual stocks.
Viability assessment of a rigid wing airborne wind energy pumping system

Airborne wind energy is an emerging technology that is capable of harvesting wind energy by flying crosswind flight patterns with a tethered aircraft. Several companies are trying to scale-up their concept in order to be competitive in the energy market. However, the scaling process requires numerous iterations and trade-offs among the different components in terms of requirements that have to satisfy both technological and economical viability. In this paper, we show how to deal with this task by means of an optimal control approach combined with statistical analysis based on the established methods for conventional Wind Energy Conversion Systems. This approach is applied to a rigid wing pumping mode AWE System built by Ampyx Power B.V.
[Association of metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer].

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer. METHODS A multicenter case-control study was conducted. A total of 1506 cases of colorectal cancer (936 males and 570 females), whose clinical data were complete and aged from 30 to 75, were collected in the Third, First and Second People's Hospital of Jingdezhen between 2000 and 2009. A total of 3354 controls (1766 males and 1588 females) were subjects admitted to the above 3 hospitals as cases with acute non-malignant non-digestive diseases. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between metabolic syndrome and its components and colorectal cancer. RESULTS Forty-eight cases of colorectal cancer (3.2%) and 59 controls (1.8%) were diagnosed as metabolic syndrome. Colorectal cancer risk was increased in cases with metabolic syndrome (OR=1.64, 95% CI:1.14-2.49, P<0.05) and in men with metabolic syndrome (OR=1.92, 95% CI:1.27-3.78, P<0.05), but not in women (P>0.05). As the number of component of metabolic syndrome increased, the risk of colorectal cancer increased in men (P<0.01), but not in women (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Association between metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer exists in men, but not in women.
P3HR-1 Epstein-Barr virus with heterogeneous DNA is an independent replicon maintained by cell-to-cell spread

We present results of biological experiments which indicate that the subpopulation of Epstein-Barr virus strain P3HR-1 with heterogeneous (het) DNA consists of self-contained replicons which multiply alongside, but independently of, Epstein-Barr virus strain HR-1 containing standard DNA. When a population of HR-1 virions containing het DNA was introduced into X50-7 cells, the input heterogeneous DNA increased in abundance, as did the DNA of the endogenous virus of X50-7 cells. The input standard HR-1 viral DNA, however, was not amplified. When parental HR-1 cells or a cellular subclone containing het DNA were grown for several weeks in the presence of human serum with neutralizing antibody, the het DNA was lost from the culture; standard HR-1 DNA, however, was not affected by antiserum. Furthermore, virions containing het DNA could be serially propagated through cellular subclones of HR-1 cells which lack het DNA. After each serial passage, cells which acquired het DNA released virions with the ability to induce early antigens in Raji cells. These experiments define a novel in vitro life cycle of an Epstein-Barr virus variant which is maintained, not vertically by partitioning to daughter cells in cell division, but horizontally by cell-to-cell spread.
envM genes of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli

Conjugation and bacteriophage P1 transduction experiments in Escherichia coli showed that resistance to the antibacterial compound diazaborine is caused by an allelic form of the envM gene. The envM gene from Salmonella typhimurium was cloned and sequenced. It codes for a 27,765-dalton protein. The plasmids carrying this DNA complemented a conditionally lethal envM mutant of E. coli. Recombinant plasmids containing gene envM from a diazaborine-resistant S. typhimurium strain conferred the drug resistance phenotype to susceptible E. coli cells. A guanine-to-adenine exchange in the envM gene changing a Gly codon to a Ser codon was shown to be responsible for the resistance character. Upstream of envM a small gene coding for a 10,445-dalton protein was identified. Incubating a temperature-sensitive E. coli envM mutant at the nonpermissive temperature caused effects on the cells similar to those caused by treatment with diazaborine, i.e., inhibition of fatty acid, phospholipid, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, induction of a 28,000-dalton inner membrane protein, and change in the ratio of the porins OmpC and OmpF.
Design of a 1-MHz LLC Resonant Converter Based on a DSP-Driven SOI Half-Bridge Power MOS Module

In this paper, the design of a 1-MHz LLC resonant converter prototype is presented. Aiming to provide an integrated solution of the resonant converter, a half-bridge (HB) power metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) module employing silicon-on-insulator technology has been designed. Such a technology, which is suitable for high-voltage and high-frequency applications, allows enabling HB power MOSFET modules operating up to 3MHz with a rated voltage of 400V. The power device integrates the driving stages of the high-side and low-side switch along with a latch circuit used to implement over-voltage/over-current protection. The module has been designed to be driven by a digital signal processor device, which has been adopted to perform frequency modulation of the resonant converter. By this way, output voltage regulation against variations from light- to full-loaded conditions has been achieved. The issues related to the transformer design of the LLC resonant converter are discussed, too. Owing to the high switching frequency experienced by the converter, 3F4 ferrite cores have been selected for their low magnetic power losses between 0.5 and 3 MHz and core temperatures up to 120degC. The resonant converter has been designed to operate in an input voltage range of 300-400V with an output voltage of 12V and a maximum output power of 120W. Within these design specifications, a performance analysis of the LLC converter has been conducted, comparing the results obtained at the switching frequencies of 500kHz and 1MHz. A suitable model of the LLC resonant converter has been developed to aid the prototype design.
Structural and functional analysis of the interaction of the AAA‐peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p

The AAA‐peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p play a critical role in peroxisome biogenesis but their precise function remains to be established. These two peroxins consist of three distinct regions (N, D1, D2), two of which (D1, D2) contain a conserved ≈ 230 amino acid cassette, which is common to all ATPases associated with various cellular activities (AAA). Here we show that Pex1p and Pex6p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae do interact in vivo. We assigned their corresponding binding sites and elucidated the importance of ATP‐binding and ‐hydrolysis of Pex1p and Pex6p for their interaction. We show that the interaction of Pex1p and Pex6p involves their first AAA‐cassettes and demonstrate that ATP‐binding but not ATP‐hydrolysis in the second AAA‐cassette (D2) of Pex1p is required for the Pex1p–Pex6p interaction. Furthermore, we could prove that the second AAA‐cassettes (D2) of both Pex1p and Pex6p were essential for peroxisomal biogenesis and thus probably comprise the overall activity of the proteins.
Whole-body vibration and blood flow and muscle oxygenation: a meta-analysis.

CONTEXT The use and popularity of whole-body vibration (WBV) has increased in recent years, but there is a lack of consensus in the literature about the effectiveness of the treatment. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively examine the effects of WBV on muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow in healthy adults. DATA SOURCES We searched Web of Science and PubMed databases and reference lists from relevant articles using the key terms whole body vibration, whole-body vibration, WBV, blood flow, peripheral blood flow, oxygenation, muscle oxygenation, circulation, circulatory, near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS, and power Doppler. Key terms were searched using single word and combination searches. No date range was specified. STUDY SELECTION Criteria for inclusion were (1) use of a commercially available WBV device, (2) a human research model, (3) a pre-WBV condition and at least 1 WBV experimental condition, and (4) reporting of unstandardized means and standard deviations of muscle oxygenation or peripheral blood flow. DATA EXTRACTION Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the text, tables, and figures of included studies. A total of 35 and 90 data points were extracted for the muscle-oxygenation and blood-flow meta-analyses, respectively. Data for each meta-analysis were combined and analyzed using meta-analysis software. Weighted, random-effects meta-analyses using the Hedges g metric were completed for muscle oxygenation and blood flow. We then conducted follow-up analyses using the moderator variables of vibration type, vibration time, vibration frequency, measurement location, and sample type. DATA SYNTHESIS We found 18 potential articles. Further examination yielded 10 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Whole-body vibration was shown to positively influence peripheral blood flow. Additionally, the moderators of vibration type and frequency altered the influence of WBV on blood flow. Overall, WBV did not alter muscle oxygenation; however, when the measurement site was considered, muscle oxygenation increased or decreased depending on the location. CONCLUSIONS Acute bouts of WBV increase peripheral blood flow but do not alter skeletal muscle oxygenation. Vibration type appears to be the most important factor influencing both muscle oxygenation and peripheral blood flow.
Contrôle des erreurs pour la détection d'événements rares et faibles dans des champs de données massifs

Nous nous interessons a la detection d'evenements rares et de faible intensite dans des donnees massives bruitees. Les approches par tests multiples d'hypotheses peuvent etre utilisees pour extraire une liste d'echantillons susceptibles de contenir de l'information tout en controlant un critere d'erreurs de detection global. Dans la litterature, la plupart de ces approches ne sont valides que pour des tests independants, ou sous des hypotheses particulieres de dependance. Nous nous proposons de montrer, en etendant les travaux de Benjamini et Yekutieli [1], que sous certaines hypotheses, il est cependant possible d'appliquer la procedure de controle du taux de fausses decouverte (FDR) de Benjamini-Hochberg [2] sur une statistique de filtrage adapte tres utilisee en traitement du signal et des images.
Preferred luminance distributions in open-plan offices in relation to time-of-day and subjective alertness

ABSTRACT Dynamic lighting is one of the new trends in lighting research; providing the right lighting level at the right time could possibly increase the alertness and performance of office workers. However, they might have preferences that deviate from this “healthy” lighting. Simultaneously, the building environment becomes increasingly automated, with occupancy-based control as one of the most well-known examples to reduce offices’ lighting energy consumption. Nevertheless, preferences for lighting levels in the unoccupied area of the multi-occupant office space have not been addressed yet. Therefore, we studied luminance distribution preferences in relation to time of day and subjective alertness (SA) in a single occupancy scenario. Participants (N = 30) set the surrounding and background lighting six times a day as we first probed for SA. Our results clearly showed that a subset preferred varying luminance distributions; participants had fluctuating feelings of alertness, too. Preferences deviated sometimes from the typical dynamic lighting scenarios, suggesting that they do not always prefer healthy lighting. Moreover, we identified an effect of SA on the preferences, both with and without controlling for time of day. Hence, this study showed that we need to address these two factors when we want to provide satisfactory lighting conditions in case the office is not fully occupied. These are likely to affect other lighting preferences and therefore deserve more attention from research. Because we identified large individual differences, we suggest personalizing dynamic scenarios as the focus of future research.
Community detection in signed networks: An error-correcting code approach

In this paper, we consider the community detection problem in signed networks, where there are two types of edges: positive edges (friends) and negative edges (enemies). One renowned theorem of signed networks, known as Harary's theorem, states that structurally balanced signed networks are clusterable. By viewing each cycle in a signed network as a parity-check constraint, we show that the community detection problem in a signed network with two communities is equivalent to the decoding problem for a parity-check code. We also show how one can use two renowned decoding algorithms in error-correcting codes for community detection in signed networks: the bit-flipping algorithm, and the belief propagation algorithm. In addition to these two algorithms, we also propose a new community detection algorithm, called the Hamming distance algorithm, that performs community detection by finding a codeword that minimizes the Hamming distance. We compare the performance of these three algorithms by conducting various experiments with known ground truth. Our experimental results show that our Hamming distance algorithm outperforms the other two.
Alternative facial reanimation by masseter muscle transposition combined with tensor fascia lata using the zygomatic arch as a pulley ( brief title ) : Facial reanimation by masseter muscle transposition

We have created an alternative method for facial reanimation. This new surgical procedure involves masseter muscle transposition combined with tensor fascia lata, and the zygomatic arch is used as a trochlea to achieve reconstruction of inferior facial paralysis. This method was used on five patients with facial palsy after excision of a malignant parotid tumour. Wide skin defect exposing the masseter muscle after total parotidectomy was reconstructed with free flap. The concept of this method differs from those underlying other masseter muscle transposition methods for facial reanimation in that force is applied at an upper lateral angle. Our method provided dynamic elevations of the upper lip, the corner of the mouth, and the nasolabial fold for four patients. Thus, we consider our method useful, especially for prompt surgical reconstruction of facial palsy after total parotidectomy with wide cheek skin defect.