Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nucleosides and nucleotides: natural bioactive substances in milk and colostrum

Nucleotides, nucleosides and nucleobases belong to the non-protein-nitrogen (NPN) fraction of milk. The largest amounts of ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides – ribose forms only were considered in this review – were measured directly after parturition in bovine milk and other ruminants as well as in the milk of humans. Generally, concentrations of most of the nucleos(t)ides tend to decrease gradually with advancing lactation period or nursing time. The species-specific pattern of these minor constituents in milk from different mammals is a remarkable property and confirms, at least, the specific physiological impact of these minor compounds in early life. The physiological capacity of these compounds in milk is given by the total potentially available nucleosides. The main dietary sources of nucleos(t)ides are nucleoproteins and nucleic acids which are converted in the course of intestinal digestion into nucleosides and nucleobases the preferred forms for absorption in the intestine. Thus, nucleosides and nucleobases are suggested to be the acting components of dietary and/or supplemented nucleic acid-related compounds in the gut. They are used by the body as exogenous trophochemical sources and can be important for optimal metabolic functions. Up to 15 % of the total daily need for a breast-fed infant was calculated to come from this dietary source. Concerning their biological role they not only act as metabolites but are also involved as bioactive substances in the regulation of body functions. Dietary nucleotides affect immune modulation, e.g. they enhance antibody responses of infants as shown by a study with more than 300 full-term healthy infants. Dietary nucleos(t)ides are found to contribute to iron absorption in the gut and to influence desaturation and elongation rates in fatty acid synthesis, in particular long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in early stages of life. The in vitro modulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis has been described by ribonucleosides, in particular by modified components using human cell culture models. Due to the bio- and trophochemical properties of dietary nucleos(t)ides, the European Commission has allowed the use of supplementation with specific ribonucleotides in the manufacture of infant and follow-on formula. From the technochemical point of view, the ribonucleoside pattern is influenced by thermal treatment of milk. In addition ribonucleosides are useful indicators for quantifying adulterations of milk and milk products.
Simulations of Core Convection in Rotating A-Type Stars: Differential Rotation and Overshooting

We present the results of three-dimensional simulations of core convection within A-type stars of 2 M☉, at a range of rotation rates. We consider the inner 30% by radius of such stars, thereby encompassing the convective core and some of the surrounding radiative envelope. We utilize our anelastic spherical harmonic code, which solves the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the anelastic approximation, to examine highly nonlinear flows that can span multiple scale heights. The cores of these stars are found to rotate differentially, with central cylindrical regions of strikingly slow rotation achieved in our simulations of stars whose convective Rossby number (Roc) is less than unity. Such differential rotation results from the redistribution of angular momentum by the nonlinear convection that strongly senses the overall rotation of the star. Penetrative convective motions extend into the overlying radiative zone, yielding a prolate shape (aligned with the rotation axis) to the central region in which nearly adiabatic stratification is achieved. This is further surrounded by a region of overshooting motions, the extent of which is greater at the equator than at the poles, yielding an overall spherical shape to the domain experiencing at least some convective mixing. We assess the overshooting achieved as the stability of the radiative exterior is varied and the weak circulations that result in that exterior. The convective plumes serve to excite gravity waves in the radiative envelope, ranging from localized ripples of many scales to some remarkable global resonances.
Short-term QoS provisioning in MPLS ingress nodes

In this paper, we propose a new switching scheme to improve the short-term delay and the packet jitter for real-time traffic. Even though, the proposed scheme is general and can be used in different points of the network, we propose to use it in MPLS ingress nodes. In our plan, we manage the delay to improve the QoS provisioning in a flexible manner, since traditional mechanisms such as leaky bucket can not have such kind of flexibility. Also, after using the scheme in MPLS ingress node the impact of short-time scale burstiness of the traffic will be decreased. The performance analysis shows that high quality of service provisioning for the real-time traffic will be achieved.
AraCyc: A Biochemical Pathway Database for Arabidopsis1

AraCyc is a database containing biochemical pathways of Arabidopsis, developed at The Arabidopsis Information Resource (http://www.arabidopsis.org). The aim of AraCyc is to represent Arabidopsis metabolism as completely as possible with a user-friendly Web-based interface. It presently features more than 170 pathways that include information on compounds, intermediates, cofactors, reactions, genes, proteins, and protein subcellular locations. The database uses Pathway Tools software, which allows the users to visualize a bird's eye view of all pathways in the database down to the individual chemical structures of the compounds. The database was built using Pathway Tools' Pathologic module with MetaCyc, a collection of pathways from more than 150 species, as a reference database. This initial build was manually refined and annotated. More than 20 plant-specific pathways, including carotenoid, brassinosteroid, and gibberellin biosyntheses have been added from the literature. A list of more than 40 plant pathways will be added in the coming months. The quality of the initial, automatic build of the database was compared with the manually improved version, and with EcoCyc, an Escherichia coli database using the same software system that has been manually annotated for many years. In addition, a Perl interface, PerlCyc, was developed that allows programmers to access Pathway Tools databases from the popular Perl language. AraCyc is available at the tools section of The Arabidopsis Information Resource Web site (http://www.arabidopsis.org/tools/aracyc).
An integrated architecture for surveillance and monitoring in an archaeological site

This paper describes an on-going work aimed at designing and deploying a system for the surveillance and monitoring of an archaeological site, namely the "Valley of the Temples" in Agrigento, Italy. Given the relevance of the site from an artistical and historical point of view, it is important to protect the monuments from malicious or simply incautious behavior; however, the vastity of the area to be monitored and the vague definition of its boundaries make it unpractical to provide extensive coverage through traditional sensors or similar devices. We describe the design of an architecture for the surveillance of the site and for the monitoring of the visitors' behavior consisting in an integrated framework of networked sensors and cameras. Information will be collected by a minimal set of cameras deployed only at critical spots and coupled with higher-performance wireless sensor nodes. Both sets of devices will be supported by more densely deployed lower-cost wireless sensor so that the system will fulfill the concurrent goals of being minimally intrusive and remaining both responsive and efficient. Sensed data will be processed locally whenever possible and convenient, or otherwise sent to a central intelligent unit that will perform further and more sophisticated analyses using a reasoning system, will infer a higher level representation of the outdoor environment, and finally will be able to fine-tune the action of remote devices.
The Role of Organizational Trust in the Effect of Leadership of School Administrators on Job Satisfaction of Teachers

The aim of this research is to determine whether organizational trust plays a role in the effect of school administrators’ leadership on teachers’ job satisfaction. In the study conducted according to the ex-post facto causal design, data from 2561 teachers working in Şanliurfa province were analyzed. Three structural equation models based on maximum likelihood estimation have been established to determine the effect of leadership on organizational trust and job satisfaction and to determine the mediator role of organizational trust. According to the results of the research, leadership indirectly affects job satisfaction through organizational trust. It has also been determined that school administrators exhibit adequate levels of leadership, teachers trust their organizations and have job satisfaction, leadership affects organizational trust at a very high level and organizational trust affects job satisfaction moderately. In the researches where leadership and job satisfaction are studied, it is suggested to include organizational trust. For increased job satisfaction of teachers through leadership, teachers should first trust their organizations.
Half a Century of Stereotyping Associations Between Gender and Intellectual Ability in Films

A particularly longstanding, prevalent, and well-documented stereotype is the belief that men possess higher-level cognitive abilities than women do. This brilliance = male stereotype has been shown to be endorsed even by children as young as 6-years-old and is believed to be a factor driving the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields. Motivated by the fact that cultural products serve as a source for acquiring individual values and behaviors, we study the presence of this stereotype in a large collection of movie transcripts covering half a century of Western-world film history (n = 11,550). Concretely, we use natural language processing techniques to quantify associations between gender pronouns and high-level cognitive ability-related words. Overall, our estimates suggest that, at an aggregate level, the brilliance = male stereotype is effectively present in films and that movies specifically targeted at children contain this stereotypical association. Moreover, this pattern seems to have been quite persistent for the last 50 years.
An Efficient Technique for Parallel CRC Generation

Cyclic Redundancy Check is playing a vital role in the networking environment to detect the errors. With challenging speed of transmitting data and to synchronize with speed, it's necessary to increase speed of CRC generation. This paper presents 64 bits parallel CRC architecture based on F-matrix with order of generator polynomial is 32. Implemented design is hardware efficient and requires 50% less cycles to generate CRC with same order of generator polynomial. CRC32 bit is used in Ethernet frame for error detection. The whole design is functionally developed and verified using Xilinx ISE 12.3i Simulator.
Self-presentation style in job interviews: the role of personality and culture

Chronic self-promoters may thrive in job interviews where such behavior is encouraged. In Study 1, 72 participants were videotaped as they simulated the job applicant role. Accountability was manipulated by the expectation of expert versus nonexpert interviewers. As accountability increased, self-promotion tended to decrease among non-narcissists but increase among narcissists. Ingratiation showed no interaction or main effects. In Study 2, 222 raters evaluated applicant videos varying in narcissism (high vs. low) and ethnicity (European heritage vs. East Asian heritage). Chronic self-promoters (i.e., European-heritage narcissists) were given the most positive evaluations. Detailed behavior analyses indicated that the narcissism advantage was derived primarily from frequent self-praise and the European-heritage advantage from use of active ingratiation tactics. In sum, self-presentation styles that pay off in the (Western) interview context are highly selective.
Effect of level of protein intake and of age of rat on the biological value of proteins

Mitchell & Beadles (1950) have reported a very low biological value of 51 for casein, determined with adult rats at 2 and 4% levels of protein intake. They compared this value with one of 69, obtained with young rats, quoted by Block & Mitchell (1946-7) and considered that their low value reflects an increased requirement by the adult rat for the sulphur amino-acids. No support for this view was found in this laboratory, where biological values of 83 and 91 were obtained for dried skim milk with young and adult rats respectively, at a 4% level of protein intake (Henry & Kon, 1952). Milk and casein are equally deficient in methionine, but the cystine deficiency is more marked in the latter (Block & Mitchell, 1946-7); this difference seemed a possible explanation for the conflicting results in the two laboratories. We, therefore, made tests on young rats with casein, alone or supplemented with methionine, at 4 and 8% levels of protein intake, and repeated the experiment on the same rats when adult. Another aspect of changes, with age, in the amino-acid requirements of the rat was studied in similar experiments with a sample of stored, deteriorated dried skim milk in which the lysine had been partly inactivated by the Maillard reaction (cf. Henry, Kon, Lea & White, 1947-8). It has long been established, both in growth (Osborne, Mendel & Ferry, 1919) and nitrogen-balance studies (Mitchell, 1923-4b) that the utilization of protein is affected by its dietary level. T o obtain further information on this subject, and provide a background to our studies in this laboratory, the biological value of two high-quality proteins, egg and casein, was determined at several levels of intake on young rats. The results of some other experiments with young rats, primarily planned in connexion with a different problem, where the biological values of casein and of soya-bean meal were determined at 8 and 16% levels of protein intake, are also reported.
Neural network based predictor for control of cascaded thermal process

Process control has been by far the most popular area of neural network application in chemical engineering. The use of neural networks in this area offers a potentially effective means of handling three difficult problems: complexity, nonlinearity and uncertainty. In comparison with other empirical models, neural networks are relatively less sensitive to noise and incomplete information, and thus deal with higher levels of uncertainty when applied in process control problems. The artificial neural network (ANN) technique is applied to the simulation of the time-dependent behaviour of a cascaded thermal process (heat exchangers) and is used to control the temperature of hot fluid flowing in the inner tube of the second heat exchanger. Two neuro predictor control schemes are presented. In the first scheme, a methodology is proposed for training and prediction of dynamic behavior of heat exchanger using feed forward neural network with external recurrent connections. Then a non-linear predictive control strategy based on identified model is proposed for heat exchanger control. In the second scheme, neural network based predictor for predicting outputs of first and second stages is presented. The performances of neuro schemes are evaluated by simulation for both servo and regulatory problems and the results are compared with a PID controller. An approach to the neural network-based predictor for control of cascaded thermal process is presented for predicting the effect of major load disturbance on the controlled variable in advance. First a mathematical model is developed in a traditional way, followed by the implementation of a neural network multilayer predictor trained based on mathematical model. The dynamic and steadystate behaviors are investigated.
Low power consumption and wide locking-range frequency divider by two

A low power consumption and wide locking-range frequency divider by two is demonstrated with dual-injection-locking. The proposed structure not only uses direct-injection, but also re-utilizes the current source as the second injector. The effectiveness of dual injection was analyzed by the vector-relationship between these two injection signals. The measured locking-range is from 10.68GHz to 14.26GHz (28.7%) with an injection power of 0dBm. The injection signal sensitivity can reach -30dBm. The power consumption of the core circuit takes only 3.25mW from a 1V power supply.
Vaccination with a Melan-A Peptide Selects an Oligoclonal T Cell Population with Increased Functional Avidity and Tumor Reactivity1

Both the underlying molecular mechanisms and the kinetics of TCR repertoire selection following vaccination against tumor Ags in humans have remained largely unexplored. To gain insight into these questions, we performed a functional and structural longitudinal analysis of the TCR of circulating CD8+ T cells specific for the HLA-A2-restricted immunodominant epitope from the melanocyte differentiation Ag Melan-A in a melanoma patient who developed a vigorous and sustained Ag-specific T cell response following vaccination with the corresponding synthetic peptide. We observed an increase in functional avidity of Ag recognition and in tumor reactivity in the postimmune Melan-A-specific populations as compared with the preimmune blood sample. Improved Ag recognition correlated with an increase in the t1/2 of peptide/MHC interaction with the TCR as assessed by kinetic analysis of A2/Melan-A peptide multimer staining decay. Ex vivo analysis of the clonal composition of Melan-A-specific CD8+ T cells at different time points during vaccination revealed that the response was the result of asynchronous expansion of several distinct T cell clones. Some of these T cell clones were also identified at a metastatic tumor site. Collectively, these data show that tumor peptide-driven immune stimulation leads to the selection of high-avidity T cell clones of increased tumor reactivity that independently evolve within oligoclonal populations.
Faster radio broadcasting in planar graphs

We study the communication primitive of broadcasting (one-to-all communication) in known topology radio networks, i.e., where for each primitive the schedule of transmissions is precomputed based on full knowledge about the size and the topology of the network. We show that radio broadcasting can be completed in D+O(logn) time units in planar graphs of size n, diameter D, which improves the currently best known D+O(log3 n) time schedule proposed by Elkin and Kortsarz in (2005) [SODA'05], and 3D time schedule due to Gasieniec, Peleg and Xin in (2005) [PODC'05]
Hierarchical Bayesian Methods for Estimation of Parameters in a Longitudinal HIV Dynamic System

Summary HIV dynamics studies have significantly contributed to the understanding of HIV infection and antiviral treatment strategies. But most studies are limited to short‐term viral dynamics due to the difficulty of establishing a relationship of antiviral response with multiple treatment factors such as drug exposure and drug susceptibility during long‐term treatment. In this article, a mechanism‐based dynamic model is proposed for characterizing long‐term viral dynamics with antiretroviral therapy, described by a set of nonlinear differential equations without closed‐form solutions. In this model we directly incorporate drug concentration, adherence, and drug susceptibility into a function of treatment efficacy, defined as an inhibition rate of virus replication. We investigate a Bayesian approach under the framework of hierarchical Bayesian (mixed‐effects) models for estimating unknown dynamic parameters. In particular, interest focuses on estimating individual dynamic parameters. The proposed methods not only help to alleviate the difficulty in parameter identifiability, but also flexibly deal with sparse and unbalanced longitudinal data from individual subjects. For illustration purposes, we present one simulation example to implement the proposed approach and apply the methodology to a data set from an AIDS clinical trial. The basic concept of the longitudinal HIV dynamic systems and the proposed methodologies are generally applicable to any other biomedical dynamic systems.
The Narrative of Lesbian Gays and Bisexual in Iran and the Chronic Closet

By using the snowballing and Grounded Theory approach, research was conducted during the course of one year to narrate the continuous struggle of Lesbian, Gays, and Bisexuals in Iran to come out of the closet. This is the first study conducted inside Iran exploring the presence of LGB in Iran along with their agonies and pain. The present research study Forbidden Tale; A Comprehensive Study on Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual (LGB) in Iran (2018) contributes a unique dimension to the literature on LGB by focusing specifically on Iran. This article presents one aspect of a comprehensive study that demonstrates the prevalence of LGB in Iran. The research study presents an overview and exploration of the dynamics of LGBT individuals in Iran that employs fieldwork as a base. This intense research centred on in-depth interviews with over 400 individuals (60% male and 40% female) in 3 major Iranian cities: Tehran, Mashhad, and Isfahan. This research study reveals to the readers that Iran is not an exception when it comes to the prevalence of LGB and whilst homosexuality has gained greater social acceptance in many Western societies, it remains highly stigmatized, in most cases forbidden and potentially lethal in Islamic countries. This article negates the famous statement of the Iranian Ex-President Mahmood Ahmadinejad in which he claims that “In Iran, we don't have homosexuals”. The article also shed light on the fact that Iranian LGB is still in the closet due to the lack of family support and the cultural/religious barriers.
Emotion Recognition and Synthesis in Speech

In this paper we describe an emotion recognition system that uses Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). We also describe how to synthesize speech that has emotion using state-of-the-art speech synthesis tools. Our feature set includes f0, mel cepstral coefficients (MCEPs) and power. Four-fold cross validation is used to test the accuracy of our recognition system. We synthesize and recognize four fundamental emotions: happiness, hot anger, neutrality, and sadness. Our system classifies speech into one of the four emotion categories and responds with speech synthesized in that same emotion.