Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entamoeba marina n. sp.; a New Species of Entamoeba Isolated from Tidal Flat Sediment of Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan

The genus Entamoeba includes anaerobic lobose amoebae, most of which are parasites of various vertebrates and invertebrates. We report a new Entamoeba species, E. marina n. sp. that was isolated from a sample of tidal flat sediment collected at Iriomote Island, Okinawa, Japan. Trophozoites of E. marina were 12.8–32.1 μm in length and 6.8–15.9 μm in width, whereas the cysts were 8.9–15.8 μm in diam. and contained four nuclei. The E. marina cells contained a rounded nucleus with a small centric karyosome and uniformly arranged peripheral chromatin. Although E. marina is morphologically indistinguishable from other tetranucleated cyst‐forming Entamoeba species, E. marina can be distinguished from them based on the combination of molecular phylogenetic analyses using SSU rDNA gene and the difference of collection sites. Therefore, we propose E. marina as a new species of the genus Entamoeba.
Root starch storage and allocation patterns in seeder and resprouter seedlings of two Cape Erica (Ericaceae) species.

Post-fire sprouting of dormant buds in resprouter plants is facilitated by stored carbohydrate reserves, with starch being the critical reserve. Starch is mainly stored in xylem parenchyma ray tissue of woody underground organs, such as burls, lignotubers, and roots. We carried out a comparative analysis of the pattern of starch storage and the proportion of parenchymatic ray tissue in the upper root or cotyledonary region of seedlings from seeder and resprouter forms within two Cape Erica (Ericaceae) species: E. coccinea L. and E. calycina L. , which were raised in the greenhouse under controlled irrigation. We also explored the root-to-shoot allocation patterns of seeder and resprouter seedlings in these two species. Resprouter seedlings of both species showed higher relative amounts of upper-root starch and upper-root storage tissue as well as a higher root-to-shoot allocation than their seeder counterparts. Pronounced swelling of the upper root region suggests ontogenetic development of a lignotuber in the resprouter forms of the two Erica species. The distinct allocation of starch in roots seems to be genetically determined and would account for the apparent differences in the root-to-shoot allocation patterns between both regeneration forms from the early seedling stage.
Expectant treatment of pyogenic infections of the hand. With special reference to infection of the flexor aspect of the fingers

THE main object of this paper is to advocate a more conservative attitude in the treatment of infections of the hand. If it can be established that conservative treatment in the initial period of infection is not only safe but desirable, then the general practitioner can without fear treat these infections in his own practice. Hand infections are responsible for just under a half of the attendances at the Septic Clinic at the Victoria Infirmary. Admissions to hospital beds are few. Only one hand infection was admitted to hospital from the clinic during the periods under review. Three cases admitted directly to the wards are included. Many factors have contributed in
Teratoma formation of human embryonic stem cells in three‐dimensional perfusion culture bioreactors

Teratoma formation in mice is today the most stringent test for pluripotency that is available for human pluripotent cells, as chimera formation and tetraploid complementation cannot be performed with human cells. The teratoma assay could also be applied for assessing the safety of human pluripotent cell‐derived cell populations intended for therapeutic applications. In our study we examined the spontaneous differentiation behaviour of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in a perfused 3D multi‐compartment bioreactor system and compared it with differentiation of hESCs and human induced pluripotent cells (hiPSCs) cultured in vitro as embryoid bodies and in vivo in an experimental mouse model of teratoma formation. Results from biochemical, histological/immunohistological and ultrastuctural analyses revealed that hESCs cultured in bioreactors formed tissue‐like structures containing derivatives of all three germ layers. Comparison with embryoid bodies and the teratomas revealed a high degree of similarity of the tissues formed in the bioreactor to these in the teratomas at the histological as well as transcriptional level, as detected by comparative whole‐genome RNA expression profiling. The 3D culture system represents a novel in vitro model that permits stable long‐term cultivation, spontaneous multi‐lineage differentiation and tissue formation of pluripotent cells that is comparable to in vivo differentiation. Such a model is of interest, e.g. for the development of novel cell differentiation strategies. In addition, the 3D in vitro model could be used for teratoma studies and pluripotency assays in a fully defined, controlled environment, alternatively to in vivo mouse models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Memory Size on Bigdata Processing based on Hadoop and Spark

Hadoop and Spark are well-known big data processing platforms. The main technologies of Hadoop are Hadoop Distributed File System and MapReduce processing. Hadoop stores intermediary data on Hadoop Distributed File System, which is a disk-based distributed file system, while Spark stores intermediary data in the memories of distributed computing nodes as Resilient Distributed Dataset. In this paper, we show how memory size affects distributed processing of large volume of data, by comparing the running time of K-means algorithm of HiBench benchmark on Hadoop and Spark clusters, with different size of memories allocated to data nodes. Our results show that Spark cluster is faster than Hadoop cluster as long as the memory size is big enough for the data size. But, with the increase of the data size, Hadoop cluster outperforms Spark cluster. When data size is bigger than memory cache, Spark has to replace disk data with memory cached data, and this situation causes performance degradation.
MEASURING THE ABUNDANCE OF SUB-KILOMETER-SIZED KUIPER BELT OBJECTS USING STELLAR OCCULTATIONS

We present here the analysis of about 19,500 new star hours of low ecliptic latitude observations (|b| ⩽ 20°) obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope's Fine Guidance Sensors over a time span of more than nine years, which is in addition to the ∼12, 000 star hours previously analyzed by Schlichting et al. Our search for stellar occultations by small Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) yielded one new candidate event corresponding to a body with a 530 ± 70 m radius at a distance of about 40 AU. Using bootstrap simulations, we estimate a probability of ≈5% that this event is due to random statistical fluctuations within the new data set. Combining this new event with the single KBO occultation reported by Schlichting et al. we arrive at the following results: (1) the ecliptic latitudes of 6. °6 and 14. °4 of the two events are consistent with the observed inclination distribution of larger, 100-km-sized KBOs. (2) Assuming that small, sub-kilometer-sized KBOs have the same ecliptic latitude distribution as their larger counterparts, we find an ecliptic surface density of KBOs with radii larger than 250 m of N(r > 250 m) = 1.1+1.5− 0.7 × 107 deg−2; if sub-kilometer-sized KBOs have instead a uniform ecliptic latitude distribution for −20° < b < 20° then N(r > 250 m) = 4.4+5.8− 2.8 × 106 deg−2. This is the best measurement of the surface density of sub-kilometer-sized KBOs to date. (3) Assuming the KBO size distribution can be well described by a single power law given by N(> r)∝r1 − q, where N(> r) is the number of KBOs with radii greater than r, and q is the power-law index, we find q = 3.8 ± 0.2 and q = 3.6 ± 0.2 for a KBO ecliptic latitude distribution that follows the observed distribution for larger, 100-km-sized KBOs and a uniform KBO ecliptic latitude distribution for −20° < b < 20°, respectively. (4) Regardless of the exact power law, our results suggest that small KBOs are numerous enough to satisfy the required supply rate for the Jupiter family comets. (5) We can rule out a single power law below the break with q > 4.0 at 2σ, confirming a strong deficit of sub-kilometer-sized KBOs compared to a population extrapolated from objects with r > 45 km. This suggests that small KBOs are undergoing collisional erosion and that the Kuiper Belt is a true analog to the dust producing debris disks observed around other stars.
Does the Letter Number Sequencing Task Measure Anything More Than Digit Span?

A total of 102 undergraduate students performed the Letter Number Sequencing (LNS) task in addition to a series of other measures of reading, working memory, motor execution, visuo-spatial memory, and executive functions. Performance on the LNS was uniquely contributed to by reading level, digit span forward and backward, arithmetic, visual spatial learning, and by performance on the Symbol Search subtest of the WAISIII. The results indicate that while much of the variance on the LNS task is explained by performance on the traditional measures of digit span, additional unique contributions to prediction of LNS performance are provided by measures of processing speed and visual spatial working memory.
The Qatar genome project: translation of whole‐genome sequencing into clinical practice

Qatar Genome Project was launched in 2013 with the intent to sequence the genome of each Qatari citizen in an effort to protect Qataris from the high rate of indigenous genetic diseases by allowing the mapping of disease‐causing variants/rare variants and establishing a Qatari reference genome. Indeed, this project is expected to have numerous global benefits because the elevated homogeneity of the Qatari population, that will make Qatar an excellent genetic laboratory that will generate a wealth of data that will allow us to make sense of the genotype‐phenotype correlations of many diseases, especially the complex multifactorial diseases, and will pave the way for changing the traditional medical practice of looking first at the phenotype rather than the genotype.
Sensor Fusion-Based Low-Cost Vehicle Localization System for Complex Urban Environments

This paper proposes a sensor fusion-based low-cost vehicle localization system. The proposed system fuses a global positioning system (GPS), an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a wheel speed sensor, a single front camera, and a digital map via the particle filter. This system is advantageous over previous methods from the perspective of mass production. First, it only utilizes low-cost sensors. Second, it requires a low-volume digital map where road markings are expressed by a minimum number of points. Third, it consumes a small computational cost and has been implemented in a low-cost real-time embedded system. Fourth, it requests the perception sensor module to transmit a small amount of information to the vehicle localization module. Last, it was quantitatively evaluated in a large-scale database.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium soluble proteome as a prelude for the analysis of heavy metal stress response

A 2‐D reference map in pI range 3–10 was constructed for the soluble protein fraction of Phanerochaete chrysosporium growing vegetatively under standard conditions. Functional annotation could be made for 517 spots out of 720 that were subjected to MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis, according to the specific accession numbers from the P. chrysosporium genomic database. Further analysis of the data revealed 314 distinct ORFs, 118 of which yielded multiple spots on the master gel. Functional classification of the proteins was made according to the eukaryote orthologous groups defined in the organism's genome website. The functional class of PTMs, protein turnover and chaperones was represented with the highest number (63) of the identified ORFs. Six proteins were assigned to the hypothetical proteins and 29 were predicted to have a signal peptide sequence. Subcellular localization predictions were also made for the identified proteins. Of the protein spots detected on the master gel, 380 were found to be probably phosphorylated and 96 of these matched to the identified proteins. The reference map was efficiently used in the identification of the proteins differentially expressed under cadmium and copper stress. Three new ribosomal proteins as well as zinc‐containing alcohol dehydrogenase, glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase, flavonol/cinnamoyl‐CoA reductase, H+‐transporting two‐sector ATPase, ribosomal protein S7, ribosomal protein S21e, elongation factor EF‐1 alpha subunit were demonstrated as the most strongly induced.
Which Domestic Firms Benefit from FDI? Evidence from Selected African Countries

type="main" xml:id="dpr12130-abs-0001"> The existing literature on the effects of FDI inflows on domestic firms' performance offers ambiguous evidence. Macro-level studies suggest that the characteristics of inward FDI and the ‘absorptive capacity’ of the host economy matter in determining the sign (or the mere existence) of these effects. Studies based on micro-level data have so far mostly focused on finding a nexus between FDI inflows and the productivity of domestic firms, suggesting that the effects might be highly heterogeneous. This article, using a recent firm-level survey conducted by UNIDO in 19 sub-Saharan African countries, explores the channels through which multinational enterprises may exert an impact on local firms: products’ market, input availability and costs, access to finance and export opportunities, and analyses the strategic reactions of domestic firms induced by the presence of foreign affiliates.
Predicting Popularity of Korean Contents in Arab Countries Using a Data Mining Technique

Recently, many people in the Middle East and North Africa enjoy watching a variety of Korean contents such as Korean dramas, films, broadcasting programs and listening to Korean Pops. The Korean wave refers to the phenomenon of Korean entertainment and popular culture rolling over the world with TV dramas, films and pop music. Also it is known as "Hallyu " literally meaning 'flow from Korea' in Korean. This study examines the analysis of pattern on Arab countries (Middle East and North Africa) Consumers' consumption of the Korean
An improved Local Tangent Space Alignment Algorithm Based on Max Linear Patch Partition and its application in multi-pose ear recognition

As an effective nonlinear dimension reduction tool, Local Tangent Space Alignment algorithm (LTSA) can construct the global low-dimensional embedded coordinates of the data points sampled in high-dimensional space. However, there have been some technical problems unresolved as yet for its further applications. In order to solve these problems, an improved Local Tangent Space Algorithm based on Max Linear Patch Partition (MLPPLTSA) is proposed in this paper. First, the sample space is divided into several overlapping patches using a max linear patch partition strategy. Then local principal component analysis is performed on each patch to get the local low-dimensional coordinates of the data points in it. At last the overlapping points in the patches are used to get the global low-dimensional embedded manifold by local affine transformations. The MLPPLTSA can avoid large-scale matrix eigenvalue decomposition when samples are in large quantities and provide more simple transformations for new coming data to calculate the global embedded coordinates. This improved LTSA is applied to the multi-pose ear recognition in this paper. Experimental result shows its validity in image recognition tasks.
Coverage Analysis with Non-uniform Deployment

Now a day the wide access of smart phones and other mobile devices demand their connectivity with good coverage in cellular communication. However, the small cells such as picocells and femtocells are newly introduced in HetNet, have complicated network topology and interference environment, because of that we are facing new challenges in network modelling and design. In recent studies, with the help of Poisson point process (PPP)-based Base station model, performance analyses were carried out accurately and tractably. In this proposed work the uniform and non-uniform small cell deployment is studied, and the coverage probability of these scheme is compared. Here it is found that in non-uniform deployment scheme, coverage is good as compare to uniform deployment by considering their relative locations with macrocell Base Stations.
The European Transport Solver

The status of the European Transport Solver, a new 1-D core transport code that is being developed by the members of Integrated Modelling Project 3 (“Transport Code and Discharge Evolution”) of the EFDA Task Force on Integrated Tokamak Modelling (ITM), is described. The approach taken by the ITM is to couple codes so that the only exchange is via well-specified data structures (Consistent Physical Objects), with the aim of having the workflow managed by Kepler, a scientific workflow engine.
A framework for securing mobile wireless sensor networks against physical attacks

Security in Wireless Sensor Networks has remained one of the critical and active research realms since last decade. Due to their applications, WSNs are subjective to be deployed in physically hostile environments, where they are vulnerable to various security attacks. The security issue becomes more challenging when sensor nodes are supposed to be mobile. Such types of networks are called Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks. There are various types of security attacks reported in the literature of WSNs in general and mobile WSNs in particular. Among these, one of the less addressed categories of attacks is physical attacks. The Physical attacks are launched by physically accessing and tampering or compromising the sensor nodes. In this paper, we have proposed a generic framework for securing mobile MWSNs against various possible physical attacks.
Face transfer with multilinear models

Face Transfer is a method for mapping videorecorded performances of one individual to facial animations of another. It extracts visemes (speech-related mouth articulations), expressions, and three-dimensional (3D) pose from monocular video or film footage. These parameters are then used to generate and drive a detailed 3D textured face mesh for a target identity, which can be seamlessly rendered back into target footage. The underlying face model automatically adjusts for how the target performs facial expressions and visemes. The performance data can be easily edited to change the visemes, expressions, pose, or even the identity of the target---the attributes are separably controllable. This supports a wide variety of video rewrite and puppetry applications.Face Transfer is based on a multilinear model of 3D face meshes that separably parameterizes the space of geometric variations due to different attributes (e.g., identity, expression, and viseme). Separability means that each of these attributes can be independently varied. A multilinear model can be estimated from a Cartesian product of examples (identities x expressions x visemes) with techniques from statistical analysis, but only after careful preprocessing of the geometric data set to secure one-to-one correspondence, to minimize cross-coupling artifacts, and to fill in any missing examples. Face Transfer offers new solutions to these problems and links the estimated model with a face-tracking algorithm to extract pose, expression, and viseme parameters.
Human Action Recognition for Real-time Applications

Action recognition in video is an important part of many applications. While the performance of action recognition has been intensively investigated, not much research so far has been done in understanding of how long sequence of video frames is needed to correctly recognize certain actions. This paper presents a new method of measurement of the necessary length of the video sequence needed to recognize the actions based on space-time feature points - the critical information necessary to successfully recognize the actions in real-time. The proposed methods is experimentally evaluated on human action recognition dataset.
genhet: an easy‐to‐use R function to estimate individual heterozygosity

genhet is an R function which calculates the five most used estimates of individual heterozygosity. The advantage of this program is that it can be applied to any diploid genotype dataset, without any limitation in the number of individuals, loci or alleles. Its detailed manual should allow people who have never used R before to make the function work quite easily. The program is freely available at http://www.aureliecoulon. net/research/ac‐computer‐programs.html.
Dy‐DTPA derivatives as relaxation agents for very high field MRI: The beneficial effect of slow water exchange on the transverse relaxivities

Proton longitudinal and transverse relaxivities of Dy(DTPA)2− and Dy‐DTPA bisamide derivatives (Dy(DTPA‐BA): Dy‐DTPA bisamide, Dy(DTPA‐BEA): Dy‐DTPA bisethylamide, Dy(DTPA‐BnBA): Dy‐DTPA bis‐n‐butylamide, and Dy(DTPA‐BBMA): Dy‐DTPA bisbismethylamide) were analyzed between 0.47 T and 18.8 T. Curie longitudinal relaxation was clearly observed at magnetic fields larger than 2.4 T, but the longitudinal relaxivities are limited by the fast rotation of the complexes. Rotational correlation times were separately assessed by deuterium relaxometry of the diamagnetic deuterated lanthanum analogs. Transverse relaxivity, which depends on the square of the magnetic field and on the residence time of the coordinated water molecule (τM), was more than 7.5 times larger at 18.8 T and 310 K for Dy(DTPA‐BA) and Dy(DTPA‐BEA) as compared to Dy(DTPA)2−. This difference is mainly related to the slower water exchange of the bisamide complexes, as confirmed by the values of τM measured by oxygen‐17 relaxometry. Such Dy‐complexes, characterized by relatively long τM values (τ M 310 larger than 100 ns but smaller than 1 μs), thus appear to be useful as negative T2 (or transverse) contrast agents for high‐field imaging. This was demonstrated by the spin‐echo images of phantoms obtained at 4.7 T on samples containing Dy(DTPA)2− and Dy(DTPA‐BEA). Magn Reson Med 47:1121–1130, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotinamide Suppresses the DNA Damage Sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Independently of Sirtuin Deacetylases

Nicotinamide is both a reaction product and an inhibitor of the conserved sirtuin family of deacetylases, which have been implicated in a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes from yeast to humans. Phenotypes observed following treatment with nicotinamide are most often assumed to stem from inhibition of one or more of these enzymes. Here, we used this small molecule to inhibit multiple sirtuins at once during treatment with DNA damaging agents in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system. Since sirtuins have been previously implicated in the DNA damage response, we were surprised to observe that nicotinamide actually increased the survival of yeast cells exposed to the DNA damage agent MMS. Remarkably, we found that enhanced resistance to MMS in the presence of nicotinamide was independent of all five yeast sirtuins. Enhanced resistance was also independent of the nicotinamide salvage pathway, which uses nicotinamide as a substrate to generate NAD+, and of a DNA damage-induced increase in the salvage enzyme Pnc1. Our data suggest a novel and unexpected function for nicotinamide that has broad implications for its use in the study of sirtuin biology across model systems.