Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trap architectures for Lisp systems

Recent measurements of Lisp systems show a dramatic skewing of operation frequency. For example, small integer (fix-num) arithmetic dominates most programs, but other number types can occur on almost any operation. Likewise, few memory references trigger special handling for garbage collection, but nearly all memory operations could trigger such special handling. Systems like SPARC and SPUR have shown that small amounts of special hardware can significantly reduce the need for inline software checks by trapping when an unusual condition is detected. A system's trapping architecture now becomes key to performance. In most systems, the trap architecture is intended to handle errors (e.g., address faults) or conditions requiring large amounts of processing (e.g., page faults). The requirements for Lisp traps are quite different. In particular, the trap frequency is higher, processing time per trap is shorter, and most need to be handled in the user's address space and context. This paper looks at these requirements, evaluates current trap architectures, and proposes enhancements for meeting those requirements. These enhancements increase performance for Lisp 11%-35% at a cost of about 1.6% more CPU logic. They also aid debugging in general and speed floating point exception handling.
Distribución potencial de Lophodermium spp. en bosques de coníferas, con escenarios de cambio climático

En los bosques de coniferas de los estados de Puebla, Tlaxcala e Hidalgo, Mexico se han registrado problemas de caida foliar, principalmente, por ataques de Lophodermium spp. Las alteraciones en las condiciones climaticas actuales tendran un papel importante en la distribucion futura del hongo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la distribucion potencial actual y con escenarios de cambio climatico (CC) de Lophodermium spp. en la vegetacion de las entidades antes mencionadas. Se aplico el algoritmo Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Production (GARP, por sus siglas en ingles) para generar los modelos potenciales de la distribucion, a partir de diversas coberturas climaticas (actuales y escenarios de CC), y sitios de presencia del organismo. Los resultados sugieren que las areas con alto potencial se ubican en la Sierra Norte de Puebla. La superficie de distribucion potencial actual con categoria alta es mayor en el periodo de desarrollo (marzo-junio), 83 197 ha, con respecto a la fase de crecimiento (septiembre-diciembre), 74 829 ha. Con el escenario de CC, RCP4.5 (ano 2039) la superficie con clase alta se presento en el periodo de desarrollo, el cual fue de 159 433 ha; en contraste en el escenario RCP8.5 la extension de la epoca de crecimiento fue superior, con un valor de 138 810 ha. La etapa de desarrollo del hongo en los escenarios actual y de CC RCP4.5 tuvo superficies con mas potencial de presencia del organismo, y en la de crecimiento fue con el escenario RCP8.5.
Modeling and analysis of DC-DC SEPIC converter with coupled inductors

Nowadays, DC/DC converters are widely used in industrial applications and renewable energy systems. A SEPIC (single-ended primary inductance converter) DC-DC converter is capable of operating in either step-up or step-down mode and commonly used in a battery charger system. This paper presents the modeling and analyzing of the SEPIC with coupled and uncoupled inductors. In this study, the state-space averaged (SSA) model is established and built in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The obtained SEPIC model was simulated for different input parameters, and results of coupled and uncoupled are compared. Moreover, the small signal model is used for linearization of the SSA model of the SEPIC with coupled and uncoupled inductors, hence the transfer function of control (duty cycle) to output voltage is formulated. Bode plots of the duty cycle to output voltage transfer functions are constructed, and the result can be used in various applications to design a closed-loop controller to regulate the output voltage.
Nuevos materiales para la especiación de mercurio: biotransformación de metales en organismos modelo

La contaminacion medioambiental representa un problema de gran importancia en la actualidad. Estamos acostumbrados a escuchar por los medios de comunicacion los numerosos casos que suceden a nuestro alrededor: la contaminacion de rios, lagos o playas por vertidos residuales; la contaminacion de los suelos por utilizacion indebida de ciertos fertilizantes o por las actividades mineras de la zona; o la contaminacion del aire ocasionada por el masivo numero de automoviles y zonas industriales en las ciudades provocando las famosas “boinas” de las grandes ciudades. En el caso de los metales pesados o metaloides, pueden acumularse y biomagnificarse a lo largo de la cadena trofica llegando a provocar efectos nocivos en los seres humanos. Los contaminantes clasicos estudiados en esta tesis engloban el mercurio, arsenico, cadmio y plata. Entre todos ellos el mercurio y el arsenico son los que mayor repercusion medioambiental representan. El mercurio es un metal cuya toxicidad es muy elevada pero su repercusion en los efectos provocados en los seres vivos depende de la forma quimica en la que se encuentre en el medio. Las dos especies predominantes son mercurio inorganico (Hg2+) y metilmercurio (CH3Hg+). El arsenico es un metaloide donde sus compuestos inorganicos presentan mayor toxicidad. La contaminacion de arsenico en agua y suelos supone un problema que afecta a millones de personas en Asia y en la zona Andina. El cadmio al igual que ocurre con el mercurio, es un elemento con gran tendencia a bioacumularse en la cadena trofica, estando relacionado con el cancer de pulmon, prostata o renal. La exposicion puede ser a traves de la dieta o por inhalacion de vapores; los fumadores incrementan esta exposicion en un 50%. La plata es un elemento que encontramos en multitud de aplicaciones, principalmente en la energia solar, en el campo de la fotografia y en algunos medicamentos. Una exposicion elevada provoca argiria en la piel u ojos. Existen otros contaminantes, los denominados emergentes, que son aquellos que debido a un aumento de las aplicaciones nanotecnologicas y del uso de nanoparticulas, los podemos encontrar en el medio ambiente y sus efectos aun no estan definidos, siendo actualmente objeto de estudio, como las nanoparticulas de quantum dots (QDs), constituidas por seleniuro de cadmio principalmente. La toxicidad de estos QDs depende del recubrimiento de la nanoparticula, del tamano y de la carga.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐I counteracts bFGF‐induced survival of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐positive spinal cord neurons after target‐lesion in vivo

We have used nitric oxide synthase (NOS) histochemistry as a perikaryal viability marker to trace the retrograde reaction of spinal cord intermediolateral (IML) sympathoadrenal projection (SAP)‐neurons to target‐removal, i.e., selective adrenomedullectomy and local administration of either insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or a combination of both. Counting of NOS‐positive preganglionic spinal cord neurons 4 weeks post surgery indicated that more than 80% of stained neurons were lost from the IML‐cell column. This percentage loss corresponds to the numerical loss of NOS‐stained SAP‐neurons labeled retrogradely with Fast‐blue prior to adrenomedullectomy. Basic FGF‐supplementation at the site of lesion resulted in maintenance of the majority of NOS‐positive IML‐neurons, a finding confirmed by the survival rate of Fast‐blue prelabeled SAP‐neurons. Thus, besides maintenance of the structural integrity of SAP‐neurons, bFGF prevents loss of intracellular NOS‐activity which may reflect unaltered cell metabolism (and function) of these neurons following target‐removal in vivo. By contrast, IGF‐I failed to alter the rate of disappearance of NOS‐staining and labeling index of neurons within the IML‐cell column postlesion, suggesting that IGF‐I is not neurotrophic for SAP‐neurons by itself. Combined treatment with both factors resulted in a more widespread loss of NOS‐stained and Fast‐blue‐prelabeled SAP‐neurons than registered after bFGF‐only treatment. No co‐trophic effect of bFGF and IGF‐I was evident; rather, the pronounced bFGF‐induced rescuing effect was significantly suppressed by exogenous IGF‐I in vivo, supporting the idea that this or another molecule induced by the treatment enhances rather than prevents retrograde degeneration and neuronal death within the adult lesioned IML‐adrenal pathway. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wild-Type Nonneuronal Cells Extend Survival of SOD1 Mutant Motor Neurons in ALS Mice

The most common form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disease affecting adult motor neurons, is caused by dominant mutations in the ubiquitously expressed Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1). In chimeric mice that are mixtures of normal and SOD1 mutant–expressing cells, toxicity to motor neurons is shown to require damage from mutant SOD1 acting within nonneuronal cells. Normal motor neurons in SOD1 mutant chimeras develop aspects of ALS pathology. Most important, nonneuronal cells that do not express mutant SOD1 delay degeneration and significantly extend survival of mutant-expressing motor neurons.
Degradation of the main Photosystem II light-harvesting complex

Many factors trigger the degradation of proteins, including changes in environmental conditions, genetic mutations, and limitations in the availability of cofactors. Despite the importance for viability, still very little is known about protein degradation and its regulation. The degradation of the most abundant membrane protein on Earth, the light-harvesting complex of Photosystem II (LHC II), is highly regulated under different environmental conditions, e.g. light stress, to prevent photochemical damage of the reaction center. However, despite major effort to identify the protease/proteases involved in the degradation of the apoproteins of LHC II the molecular details of this important process remain obscure. LHC II belongs to the family of chlorophyll a / b binding proteins (CAB proteins) and is located in the thylakoid membrane of the plant chloroplast. The results of biochemical experiments to isolate and characterize the protease degrading LHC II are summarized here and compared to our own recent finding indicating that a metalloprotease of the FtsH family is involved in this process.
The presence of academic journals on Twitter and its relationship with dissemination (tweets) and research impact (citations)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between dissemination of research papers on Twitter and its influence on research impact. ,Four types of journal Twitter accounts (journal, owner, publisher and no Twitter account) were defined to observe differences in the number of tweets and citations. In total, 4,176 articles from 350 journals were extracted from Plum Analytics. This altmetric provider tracks the number of tweets and citations for each paper. Student’s t-test for two-paired samples was used to detect significant differences between each group of journals. Regression analysis was performed to detect which variables may influence the getting of tweets and citations. ,The results show that journals with their own Twitter account obtain more tweets (46 percent) and citations (34 percent) than journals without a Twitter account. Followers is the variable that attracts more tweets (s=0.47) and citations (s=0.28) but the effect is small and the fit is not good for tweets (R2=0.46) and insignificant for citations (R2=0.18). ,This is the first study that tests the performance of research journals on Twitter according to their handles, observing how the dissemination of content in this microblogging network influences the citation of their papers.
Efficient Analysis Algorithms for Parametric Fault Trees

The Fault Tree (FT) is a widespread model for the dependability (reliability) analysis. One of its several extensions is called Parametric Fault Tree (PFT) and is oriented to redundant systems providing a compact (parametric) way to model replicated components or subsystems. This paper presents the PFT solution method based on a new form of Binary Decision Diagrams (BDD), called Parametric BDD (pBDD). Such method exploits the parametric form combined with the advantages of the use of BDDs. pBDDs are used for both the qualitative and the quantitative analysis of PFTs. A case of redundant system supports the introduction and the application of the new method.
Functional and approximate dependency mining: database and FCA points of view

In this article, we deal with the functional and approximate dependency inference problem by pointing out some relationships between relational database theory and formal concept analysis (FCA). More precisely, the notion of functional dependency in database is compared to the notion of implication in FCA. We propose a framework and several algorithms for mining these dependencies from large database relations. The common data centric step of this framework is the discovery of agree sets, which are closed sets with respect to the closure operator for functional dependency. Two approaches for discovering agree sets from database relations are proposed: the former is a database approach based on SQL queries and the latter is a data mining approach based on partitions. Experiments were performed in order to compare the two proposed methods.
LEAFY Controls Auxin Response Pathways in Floral Primordium Formation

LEAFY stimulates auxin signaling but inhibits auxin biosynthesis in developing flowers. Signals to Blossom In Arabidopsis thaliana, the transcription factor LEAFY (LFY) stimulates flower development, and the formation of floral and leaf primordial tissue is stimulated by the hormone auxin. Li et al. identified a genetic interaction between LFY and the kinase PINOID, which regulates auxin transport and the localization of auxin signaling. In plants null for lfy, auxin signaling in the developing floral tissue was reduced despite increased auxin concentration and auxin biosynthesis. LFY inhibited the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the auxin biosynthetic pathway. Reporter analysis of plants with various genetic mutations indicated that auxin signaling preceded and stimulated LFY production in developing flowers. Thus, there is complex interplay, involving feedback loops, between transcriptional and hormonal regulation of flower development. The transcription factor LEAFY is a master regulator of flowering and of flower development. It acts as a component of a switch that mediates the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase of plant development. Auxin is a plant hormone with many different roles in plant growth, including the induction of new primordia of both leaves and flowers at the shoot apex. We report that LEAFY acts in part by controlling the auxin response pathway in new primordia. Therefore, regulation of flower development by transcriptional master regulators and hormonal control of morphogenesis appear to be interacting processes. We found that hormone perception not only controls but is also controlled by the transcriptional signals that create plant form.
A 90nm CMOS mm-wave VCO using an LC tank with inductive division

This paper presents a low supply voltage, fundamental-frequency 90 nm CMOS mm-wave oscillator using an enhanced LC tank with inductive division to improve the oscillator performance. The oscillator achieves a tuning range from 53.2 GHz to 58.4 GHz while consuming 8.1 mW from a 0.7 V supply. The phase noise at 58.4 GHz is -90.08 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset. The oscillator can also be operated from a supply voltage as low as 0.43 V with a phase noise of -90.10 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset from a 61.7 GHz carrier, while consuming only 1.2 mW.
Pilot Placement Schemes for Channel Estimation of Proposed 5G-GFDM System

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a highly regarded technique used in the 4G mobile communication systems to provide reliable communication and high data rates due to the orthogonality between its sub carriers. However, it cannot be used in the next generation cellular system i.e. 5G. Thus, a new technique Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) has been proposed to meet the demands of the next generation systems, which are higher data rates than 4G, minimum response time, lower power consumption etc. GFDM is a non-orthogonal, multicarrier scheme, which seems to fulfil the requirements of the new wireless communication system. The aim of this paper is to use the pilot symbols and their optimum placements within the data for the channel estimation of the GFDM system. It is shown that the optimum arrangement of the pilot symbols is to place them uniformly on equal intervals within the data and to cluster them in the middle of the data.
Low-power approximate MAC unit

Sacrificing exact calculations to improve digital circuit performance is at the foundation of approximate computing. In this paper, an approximate multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) unit is introduced. The MAC partial product terms are compressed by using simple OR gates as approximate counters; moreover, to further save energy, selected columns of the partial product terms are not formed. A compensation term is introduced in the proposed MAC, to reduce the overall approximation error. A MAC unit, specialized to perform 2D convolution, is designed following the proposed approach and implemented in TSMC 40nm technology in four different configurations. The proposed circuits achieve power savings more than 60%, compared to standard, exact MAC, with tolerable image quality degradation.
Human Movement Responses to the Rorschach and Mirroring Activity: An fMRI Study

It has been suggested that the Rorschach human movement (M) response could be associated with an embodied simulation mechanism mediated by the mirror neuron system (MNS). To date, evidence for this hypothesis comes from two electroencephalogram studies and one repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation study. To provide additional data on this topic, the Rorschach was administered during fMRI to a sample of 26 healthy adult volunteers. Activity in MNS-related brain areas temporally associated with M responses was compared with such activity for other, non-M Rorschach responses. Data analyses focused on MNS regions of interest identified by Neurosynth, a web-based platform for large scale, automated meta-analysis of fMRI data. Consistent with the hypothesis that M responses involve embodied simulation and MNS activity, univariate region of interest analyses showed that production of M responses associated with significantly greater activity in MNS-related brain areas when compared with non-M Rorschach responses. This finding is consistent with the traditional interpretation of the M code.
Substrate binding site for nitrate reductase of Escherichia coli is on the inner aspect of the membrane

Escherichia coli grown anaerobically on nitrate exhibited the same transport barrier to reduction of chlorate, relative to nitrate, as that exhibited by Paracoccus denitrificans. This establishes that the nitrate binding site of nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.99.4) in E. coli must also lie on the cell side of the nitrate transporter which is associated with the plasma membrane. Because nitrate reductase is membrane bound, the nitrate binding site is thus located on the inner aspect of the membrane. Nitrate pulse studies on E. coli in the absence of valinomycin showed a small transient alkalinization (leads to H+/NO3- congruent to --0.07) which did not occur with oxygen pulses. By analogy with P. denitrificans, the alkaline transient is interpreted to arise from proton-linked nitrate uptake which is closely followed by nitrite efflux. The result is consistent with internal reduction of nitrate, whereas external reduction would be expected to give leads to H+/NO3-ratios approaching --2.
[Physiopathologic, diagnostic and therapeutic evolution in the management of adenomyosis: review of the literature].

OBJECTIVE Adenomyosis is a relatively frequent disease of unknown origin, which is difficult to diagnose. Appropriate treatment for women who want to preserve or improve their fertility remains to be defined. METHODS This review summarized the reports found on Medline database about pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of adenomyosis. RESULTS Many pathophysiological factors may be involved in the occurrence of adenomyosis: immunological factors, estrogen sulfatase activity, tenascin which is a fibronectin inhibitor and angiogenesis and growth factors such as EGF, VEGF and GM-CSF. Endovaginal ultrasonography seems to be as effective as MRI for the diagnosis of adenomyosis. GnRH agonist decreases symptoms and uterine volume; however, the symptoms reappear after discontinuation of agonist therapy, and side effects limit their prolonged use. Progesterone receptor modulators, anti-progestative and danazol or levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterine system have been used as therapeutic modalities for adenomyosis, but the lack of controlled studies make their efficacy difficult to quantify. Some women with superficial adenomyosis may theoretically benefit from hysteroscopic myometrial or endometrial resection, but these procedures would be limited to women not wishing to conceive. Laparoscopic myometrial electrocoagulation or excision has proven to be effective but pregnancy following these techniques poses special problems, particularly the increased risk of uterine rupture. CONCLUSION Transvaginal ultrasonography can successfully diagnose adenomyosis. Medical and conservative surgical treatments are already available.
Hedonic-Based Labor Supply Substitution and the Ripple Effect of Minimum Wages

This paper analyzes a new explanation of the “ripple effect” of minimum wages based on how minimum wages affect hedonic compensation. Minimum wage hikes lower compensating differentials at low-skill undesirable jobs because they raise wages at the most desirable low-skill job, the minimum wage job. This change in hedonic compensation may cause some individuals to optimally leave low-wage undesirable jobs and seek more desirable employment. If labor supply falls at low-wage undesirable jobs, employers would raise wages, consistent with the ripple effect. Empirically, I provide evidence that hedonic-based labor supply substitution is taking place and contributing to the ripple effect.