Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporally and spatially partitioned behaviours of spinner dolphins: implications for resilience to human disturbance

Selective forces shape the evolution of wildlife behavioural strategies and influence the spatial and temporal partitioning of behavioural activities to maximize individual fitness. Globally, wildlife is increasingly exposed to human activities which may affect their behavioural activities. The ability of wildlife to compensate for the effects of human activities may have implications for their resilience to disturbance. Resilience theory suggests that behavioural systems which are constrained in their repertoires are less resilient to disturbance than flexible systems. Using behavioural time-series data, we show that spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris) spatially and temporally partition their behavioural activities on a daily basis. Specifically, spinner dolphins were never observed foraging during daytime, where resting was the predominant activity. Travelling and socializing probabilities were higher in early mornings and late afternoons when dolphins were returning from or preparing for nocturnal feeding trips, respectively. The constrained nature of spinner dolphin behaviours suggests they are less resilient to human disturbance than other cetaceans. These dolphins experience the highest exposure rates to human activities ever reported for any cetaceans. Over the last 30 years human activities have increased significantly in Hawaii, but the spinner dolphins still inhabit these bays. Recent abundance estimates (2011 and 2012) however, are lower than all previous estimates (1979–1981, 1989–1992 and 2003), indicating a possible long-term impact. Quantification of the spatial and temporal partitioning of wildlife behavioural schedules provides critical insight for conservation measures that aim to mitigate the effects of human disturbance.
Unpacking 'Participation': models, meanings and practices

The world over, public institutions appear to be responding to the calls voiced by activists, development practitioners and progressive thinkers for greater public involvement in making the decisions that matter and holding governments to account for following through on their commitments. Yet what exactly 'participation' means to these different actors can vary enormously. This article explores some of the meanings and practices associated with participation, in theory and in practice. It suggests that it is vital to pay closer attention to who is participating, in what and for whose benefit. Vagueness about what participation means may have helped the promise of public involvement gain purchase, but it may be time for more of what Cohen and Uphoff term 'clarity through specificity' if the call for more participation is to realize its democratizing promise.
Oxygen-17 hyperfine splitting in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of enzymically generated superoxide.

The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of 17O in O2− generated by reduction of O2 by two related systems has been observed using the rapid freezing method. The systems were: (a) during re-oxidation of xanthine oxidase following reduction with dithionite and (b) during steady-state oxidation of xanthine catalysed by xanthine oxidase. The spectrum was similar to that reported for O2− adsorbed on MgO. Both the 11-line spectrum from 17O17O− and the six-line spectrum from 17O16O− were detected. The results provide final confirmation that one-electron reduction of oxygen can occur in biological systems.
DETERMINANTS OF TRUST IN GLOBAL STRATEGIC ALLIANCES: AMRAD AND THE AUSTRALIAN BIOMEDICAL INDUSTRY

Although the importance of trust in creating and maintaining interorganizational relationships has been acknowledged, little research has focused on the processes leading to the development of trust in international strategic alliances. This article addresses this shortcoming and reports the results of field research on the evolution of AMRAD Pharmaceuticals, a strategic alliance between U.S. and Australian biomedical firms. Based on this case study, a process model of trust is developed which describes how trust can be created and expanded between strategic alliance partners, and its implications for alliance performance. Propositions are developed to motivate and guide future empirical investigation.
Framing participation: Development projects, professionals, and organisations

Major efforts have been made by development organisations to make their systems of project and programme management more participatory, in order to be accountable to local participants (or beneficiaries), while also creating opportunities for them to shape their own processes. These measures may look participatory, but have in effect become new (and often costly) forms of management and control, which do not result in great benefits for project participants. The authors argue that the dominance of three components- projects, professionals, and organisations-has been taken for granted; and that they involve practices and processes which are primarily instruments of control, rather than of participation. Attempts to generate participation will thus require a fundamental change in the way in which these components operate. In the meantime, the authors call for attention to be paid to the ways in which the current tools of participatory development, including PRA, can be used to promote either participation or control, depending on how they are used.
RoboPol: do optical polarization rotations occur in all blazars?

We present a new set of optical polarization plane rotations in blazars, observed during the third year of operation of RoboPol. The entire set of rotation events discovered during three years of observations is analysed with the aim of determining whether these events are inherent in all blazars. It is found that the frequency of the polarization plane rotations varies widely among blazars. This variation cannot be explained either by a difference in the relativistic boosting or by selection effects caused by a difference in the average fractional polarization. We conclude that the rotations are characteristic of a subset of blazars and that they occur as a consequence of their intrinsic properties.
Time on Camera

National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing’s (NASCAR) monetary reward structure uses a linear payout for races, with a nonlinear payout for the season long tournament. The authors suggest that the season long nonlinear payout is magnified by taking into consideration the value of sponsorship time on camera and sponsor mentions during a race on TV. Given the importance of corporate sponsorship in NASCAR, the authors suggest that performance in a race provides additional benefits that are not captured in the monetary payout.
Noninvasive fetal genotyping of human platelet antigen‐1a using targeted massively parallel sequencing

Fetal human platelet antigen (HPA) genotyping is required to determine whether the fetus is at risk and whether prenatal interventions to prevent fetal bleeding are required in pregnant women with a history of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT). Methods for noninvasive genotyping of HPA alleles with the use of maternal plasma cell‐free DNA were published recently but do lack internal controls to exclude false‐negative results.
Realized mean-variance efficient portfolio selection and euro area stock market integration

In this article a realized regression version of the Britten-Jones (BJ, 1999) portfolio selection approach is proposed, yielding a conditional mean-variance efficient portfolio selection strategy. Application to euro area stock markets diversification, differently from other standard approaches, actually yields a balanced and stable allocation of wealth, free from the problem of corner solutions, suggesting that diversification among euro area stock markets is still feasible and desirable.
Overeducation and Ethnic Minorities in Britain

This study examines the utilisation of education across ethnic minorities in the UK. In particular, we examine the incidence of mismatch between educational qualifications and occupational attainment, the determinants of any mismatch and the consequences for earnings and other labour market outcomes. Using a modal measure of required education across sixty occupations we find that different ethnic groups have varying levels of over-education with the highest incidence being amongst the Indian and Africa-Asian groups. When we introduce controls we find that the African-Asians are more likely to be both over and under-educated relative to Indians (the omitted group), but this is reversed for those born in the UK. Foreign qualifications increase the likelihood of over-education for Pakistanis and Bangladeshis but reduce it for African-Asians. Language fluency increases the likelihood of mismatch. The results from our earnings regressions support previous work in relation to the returns to over, required and under-education, though with differences between native and immigrant non-whites.
Six sigma for small and medium-sized enterprises

Having arisen in large corporations, six sigma is surely one of the most comprehensive approaches for company development and performance improvement of products and processes. Nevertheless, it appears that the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) either do not know the six sigma approach, or find its organisation not suitable to meet their specific requirements. This study identifies the specific requirements based on a sample of SMEs in Germany and examines how six sigma has to be modified to be applicable and valuable in an SME environment. The overall results are reflected in ten imperative functional requirements for an adjusted approach. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
A Fixed Switching Frequency Scheme for Finite-Control-Set Model Predictive Control—Concept and Algorithm

A fixed switching frequency scheme for finite-control-set model predictive control is presented to achieve an output waveform quality that compares well to that of a pulse-width-modulator-based linear controller, while retaining the benefits of model predictive control. The controller is divided into two parts: the offline calculation and storage of the coefficients of the prediction equations and the online evaluation of the controller. The controller is experimentally evaluated on a five-level flying-capacitor converter.
The Early Exercise of Options on Treasury Bond Futures

Abstract This paper presents a test of the theory of rational option exercise. Exercise data from the market for options on Treasury bond futures are used to test the model of rational early exercise developed by Barone-Adesi and Whaley (1987) (BAW). The results show that the BAW model underestimates the futures price that will trigger exercise for calls and overestimates this price for puts. The exercise bias is observed to change across option maturities and the direction of the bias is consistent with the direction of the model-pricing bias observed by Whaley (1986).
Legislative Governance in Times of International Terrorism

How do political parties with different policy-making interests and veto power respond to international terrorism—can coalition parties and bicameral legislatures overcome their policy-making tensions and form a unified front for adopting counterterrorist measures? This study examines German counterterrorist legislation before and after the attacks of 9/11 by using a dictionary-based computerized text analysis. Our findings demonstrate that in times of low threat, the level of intra-coalition and bicameral conflict decreases the likelihood of counterterrorist legislation. However, in the event of a high external threat, this effect disappears despite the continuing divergence in partisan policy preferences. This suggests that a high external threat imposes inaction costs on political parties, which they attempt to avoid by adopting counterterrorist measures in the legislative arena.
Robustness of Fama-French Three Factor Model: Further Evidence for Indian Stock Market

In this article, we re-examine the efficacy of one factor capital asset pricing model (CAPM) and Fama-French three factor asset pricing model (FF model) in explaining the returns on various portfolios constructed based upon company characteristics such as size and value. Data is employed from 1996 to 2010 for 465 companies which form part of BSE-500 index. We use the same methodological procedures of Fama-French (1993 and 1996) for constructing the portfolios. This article evaluates the robustness of FF model with its standard version (Market Capitalization–Price to Book ratio) as well as alternative versions. We find that FF model does a better job than CAPM by explaining the returns on most of the portfolios constructed based on company characteristics. We also find that the alternative versions of FF model are robust in explaining the returns on various characteristics sorted portfolios.
Scan chain configuration method for broadcast decompressor architecture

The high test data volume and long test application time are two major concerns for testing scan based circuits. Broadcast-based test compression techniques can reduce both the test data volume and test application time. The broadcast rate is a major issue in these techniques. This paper describes a novel broadcast-based test decompressor architecture and a new method of configuration of the scan chain for this architecture based on the test set analysis. This paper presents and compares several similar heuristic algorithms that according to the test set analysis produce the scan chain configuration with the maximum broadcast rate for the given test set.
The strategy-focused organization

In 1996, Robert Kaplan and David Norton introduced the Balanced Scorecard performance measurement method, which included not only traditional financial measures but also such qualitative measures as employee satisfaction, corporate mission and customer loyalty. In The Strategy-Focused Organization, they show how the following five principles transform the Balanced Scorecard from a tool for performance measurement to a tool for creating a strategy-driven performance management company: 1. Translate the strategy into operational terms. Use the Balanced Scorecard to describe and communicate strategy in consistent, insightful, operational terms. 2. Align the organization to the strategy. For organizational strategies to work, they must be linked and integrated across many functions — finance, manufacturing, sales, marketing and so forth. The Balanced Scorecard can link these disparate and dispersed functions. 3. Make strategy everyone’s everyday job. Use the Balanced Scorecard to educate the organization about strategy, help employees develop personal objectives, then compensate them based on their adherence to and implementation of the business’ strategies. 4. Make strategy a continual process. Use the Balanced Scorecard to link strategy to the budget process; review strategy regularly in management meetings; and develop a process for learning and adapting strategy. 5. Mobilize change through executive leadership. Through a method of mobilization, governance and strategic management, executives can embed new strategy and new culture into their management systems, creating a continual process to meet the strategic needs of today and tomorrow. Formulating strategy is one endeavor. In this summary, you will learn how to make strategy work. Concentrated KnowledgeTM for the Busy Executive • www.summary. com Vol. 23, No. 1 (3 parts) Part 1, January 2001 • Order # 23-01
Among a sample of Iranian students, adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is related to childhood ADHD, but not to age, gender, socioeconomic status, or birth order—an exploratory study

Abstract Objective. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young adult Iranian students and to examine gender, birth order, socioeconomic status (SES), and history of ADHD as potential predictors of adult ADHD. Methods. A total of 387 young adult students (mean age: 19.6 years; 66.3% females) completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale-V1.1 symptom checklist to assess current symptoms of ADHD and the Wender Utah Rating Scale to assess symptoms of ADHD in childhood and adolescence. Experts’ ratings were based on Wender–Reimherr Interview. Results. Self-rated and expert-rated prevalence rates were 16.5% and 13.4%, respectively. Past symptoms of ADHD were correlated with current symptoms. Childhood ADHD, current hyperactivity, and disorganization predicted current ADHD. Conclusions. Among a sample of Iranian students, the prevalence rates of ADHD were higher than estimated rates worldwide. Data also show child ADHD to be associated with adult ADHD; gender, age, birth order, and SES did not seem to influence current symptomatology.
Coffee export booms and monetary disequilibrium: some evidence for Colombia

The theoretical models that analyse the monetary consequences of export booms show that under a regime of fixed exchange rates, they affect not only the demand for money, via real income, but also the money supply via foreign exchange accumulation. Within this theoretical framework, this study proposes an empirical approach to determine whether the coffee booms of the second half of the 1970s and mid–1980s led to excess money supply in the Colombian economy. The findings provide evidence in favour of a direct association between coffee export booms and excess money supply, implying that external disturbances jeopardize the ability of the economic authorities to carry out successful monetary policy.
Muslim travelers in Asia

Although Korea’s dominant inbound tourism markets are Japan and China, Muslim tourists from Malaysia and other Asian source markets are rapidly growing and worthy of attention. In this analysis of Malaysian Muslim tourists, it is concluded that there is a more favorable destination brand positioning for Korea than for China, but that Korea lags behind Japan for all dimensions of brand image except for ‘access to Muslim culture’. Korea is positioned somewhere between China and Japan for brand awareness, association, and loyalty and also for emotion-related items. Respondents perceived China as more familiar than Korea. It was concluded that the tour planning preferences and gift-giving behaviors of Malaysian Muslim tourists differ according to their sociodemographic characteristics.
An Inter-framework Cache for Diverse Data-Intensive Computing Environments

Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) provides the storage to keep analyzing outcomes for the diversity of frameworks. MapReduce, Storm, and Spark each applies on batching, streaming and in-memory computing, all of them need the HDFS to collect and assemble results. For coping with Big-Data analysis in the real world, complicated platforms required working together. However, collaborating analysis on heterogeneous frameworks, the data must be write-through firstly and post-fetch upon HDFS that degrades the performance and lower the effectiveness of the whole system. For best our knowledge, no previous work had focused on inter-framework data caching. To solve above problems on collaborating analysis within heterogeneous frameworks such as Hadoop and Strom, in this paper, we propose a cache system upon YARN called "Inter-Framework Cache" (IF-cache). It uses in-memory cache to reserve temporary outcomes while also reducing the HDFS access frequency and improve analysis performance. Experiments had shown that Hadoop with IF-cache can reduce about 50% times comparing the no-cache one.
Upgrading Informal Settlements in South Africa: Policy, Rhetoric and what Residents really Value

A billion persons live in slums worldwide, and 2 million households live in informal housing in South Africa. The stated goal of the South African government is to overcome this housing backlog by 2014; but doubling the budget will achieve this by only 2030. Current policy is to deliver a choice of housing alternatives; but in practice ‘a house on a fully serviced property with freehold title’ is seen as the only alternative. This paper describes a model that estimates the value that residents of an informal settlement place on aspects such as level of municipal engineering services, location and type of upgrade, and the size of the dwelling. The model was applied to three issues in the current debate on informal settlement upgrading in South Africa; namely: whether to upgrade by relocating all residents to a ‘greenfield’ site or upgrading ‘in situ’? Whether to upgrade incrementally across many settlements or upgrade fully one settlement at a time? Whether to offer residents more than one upgrade alternat.
The Relations of Anxiety Sensitivity, Experiential Avoidance, and Alexithymic Coping to Young Adults’ Motivations for Drinking

The authors examined whether motivations for drinking alcohol are associated with the anxietyrelated dispositional tendencies of anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and alexithymic coping. The authors administered the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Experiential Avoidance Scale, 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Revised Drinking Motives Questionnaire, and a demographics questionnaire to 182 university drinkers. In multiple regressions, the dispositional factors significantly predicted the risky drinking motives of coping, enhancement, and conformity. Coping and enhancement motives were significantly predicted by experiential avoidance. Conformity motives were significantly and independently predicted by anxiety sensitivity and alexithymia. The process of experiential avoidance mediated the bivariate correlation between anxiety sensitivity and coping-motivated drinking to a greater extent than did the process of alexithymic coping. The authors discuss the observed relations in regard to the psychological functions of drinking behavior that may portend the development of heavy drinking and alcohol problems in dispositionally vulnerable individuals. They also review implications for refinements of behavior therapy for problem drinkers.
Feeding problems in nursery children: prevalence and psychosocial factors

Aim: In this study we analyze the prevalence of feeding problems in a sample of nursery children and examine the environmental and psychopathological factors related to such problems. Methods: We used the Early Childhood Inventory—Parents Checklist to assess 851 Spanish children aged between 3 and 6 years from both urban and rural samples. This screens emotional and behavioural problems and is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐IV. We collected sociodemographic data and information about life events and the psychopathology of the children's parents (General Health Questionnaire‐28). Results: Our results showed that the prevalence of feeding problems was 4.8% and that there were no differences between gender. Sample subtype, socioeconomic level and family characteristics were not linked to feeding problems. Children with feeding problems had significantly more symptoms of psychological problems and somatic complaints and had experienced more life events in the previous 12 months. The psychopathology of the mother, especially in terms of anxiety problems, increased the risk of feeding problems in children.