Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in cell form and cytoskeleton in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro.

Cell form and cytoskeletal organization were investigated in 13 human breast carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Using tubulin antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence to detect the arrangement of cytoplasmic microtubules, three distinct cell phenotypes were recognized: (a) cells with extensive arrays of microtubules (type 1); (b) cells which were diffusely stained with microtubules apparent only near the cell margins (type II intermediate); and (c) cells in which individual microtubules could not be detected and only diffuse fluorescence was apparent (type II diffuse). Type I cells were flattened epithelial-like cells, much like normal mammary epithelial cells, which when stained with actin antibody displayed many brightly fluorescent parallel cables or "stress fibers. " Many microtubules and microfilament bundles were observed in type I cells when examined by transmission electron microscopy. Type II cells were more rounded, often grew in multilayered colonies, and displayed fewer microtubules and microfilament bundles when examined by either immunofluorescence or electron microscopy. Type II cells ranged from very small rounded cells with diffuse tubulin and actin immunofluorescence (type II diffuse) to more flattened cells in which microtubules and actin cables were observed near the flattened cell margins (type II intermediate). Since all of the cells were derived initially from malignant metastatic lesions and some were tumorigenic when injected into athymic nude mice, we assume that they remained malignant in vitro. Thus, in human breast carcinoma cells in vitro, it is not possible to associate any specific cell morphology or cytoskeletal phenotype with cancer or metastasis in vivo. Whether or not these same conclusions hold for breast tumor cells in situ remains to be determined.
Performance analysis of approaches for coverage issues in WSN

Wireless Sensor Networks is an emerging technology in the field of communication. Wireless sensor nodes provide real observed data from the different environmental conditions and provide data for monitoring and controlling the systems. WSNs are suitable for various applications such as intelligent surveillances, border security and disaster management by gathering remote data about surroundings either periodically or on demand. The major considerations of WSN are resource scarcity in terms of bandwidth and energy, coverage and route optimality. In WSNs distinct Localization Approaches, Clustering Techniques, Routing protocols are used to minimize the energy requirement, improve the communication effectiveness, and maximize the throughput and efficiency of the network. The significant improvement in the network lifetime is also achieved by using various approaches such as swarm intelligence and bio inspired techniques. In this paper we have discussed the various clustering techniques proposed by the researchers and provide a comparative analysis of them. To develop a novel method to solve the multi objective problem of energy conservation, node localization, optimal coverage and best route identification is our future work.
Work-Conserving Optimal Real-Time Scheduling on Multiprocessors

Extended T-N plane abstraction (E-TNPA) proposed in this paper realizes work-conserving and efficient optimal real-time scheduling on multiprocessors relative to the original T-N plane abstraction (TNPA). Additionally a scheduling algorithm named NVNLF (no virtual nodal laxity first) is presented for E-TNPA. E-TNPA and NVNLF relax the restrictions of TNPA and the traditional algorithm LNREF, respectively. Arbitrary tasks can be preferentially executed by both tie-breaking rules and time apportionment policies in accordance with various system requirements with several restrictions. Simulation results show that E-TNPA significantly reduces the number of task preemptions as compared to TNPA.
Bayesian Modeling and Classification of Neural Signals

Identifying and classifying action potential shapes in extracellular neural waveforms have long been the subject of research, and although several algorithms for this purpose have been successfully applied, their use has been limited by some outstanding problems. The first is how to determine shapes of the action potentials in the waveform and, second, how to decide how many shapes are distinct. A harder problem is that action potentials frequently overlap making difficult both the determination of the shapes and the classification of the spikes. In this report, a solution to each of these problems is obtained by applying Bayesian probability theory. By defining a probabilistic model of the waveform, the probability of both the form and number of spike shapes can be quantified. In addition, this framework is used to obtain an efficient algorithm for the decomposition of arbitrarily complex overlap sequences. This algorithm can extract many times more information than previous methods and facilitates the extracellular investigation of neuronal classes and of interactions within neuronal circuits.
Network analysis of perception-action coupling in infants

The functional networks that support action observation are of great interest in understanding the development of social cognition and motor learning. How infants learn to represent and understand the world around them remains one of the most intriguing questions in developmental cognitive neuroscience. Recently, mathematical measures derived from graph theory have been used to study connectivity networks in the developing brain. Thus far, this type of analysis in infancy has only been applied to the resting state. In this study, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) from infants (ages 4–11 months of age) and adults while they observed three types of actions: (a) reaching for an object; (b) walking; and (c) object motion. Graph theory based analysis was applied to these data to evaluate changes in brain networks. Global metrics that provide measures of the structural properties of the network (characteristic path, density, global efficiency, and modularity) were calculated for each group and for each condition. We found statistically significant differences in measures for the observation of walking condition only. Specifically, in comparison to adults, infants showed increased density and global efficiency in combination with decreased modularity during observation of an action that is not within their motor repertoire (i.e., independent walking), suggesting a less structured organization. There were no group differences in global metric measures for observation of object motion or for observation of actions that are within the repertoire of infants (i.e., reaching). These preliminary results suggest that infants and adults may share a basic functional network for action observation that is sculpted by experience. Motor experience may lead to a shift towards a more efficient functional network.
Transitioning Preterm Infants From Parenteral Nutrition: A Comparison of 2 Protocols

Background: Growth in preterm infants is compromised during the transition phase of nutrition, when parenteral nutrition (PN) volumes are weaned with advancing enteral nutrition (EN) feeds, likely due to suboptimal nutrient intakes during this time. We implemented new PN guidelines designed to maintain optimal nutrient intakes during the transition phase and compared growth outcomes of this cohort with a control group. Materials and Methods: A chart review was conducted on infants born <32 weeks’ gestation, before (control group) and after (study group) a new transition PN protocol was implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit. Weight parameters and nutrient intakes were calculated for the transition phase and compared between the 2 groups. Results: Demographic and clinical characteristics of the 2 groups were comparable except for higher rates of sepsis in control group. Weight-for-age z scores at birth, at 1 week of life, and at the start of the transition phase were similar. At the end of the transition phase, infants in the study group had significantly higher z scores compared with the control group, even when corrected for sepsis, a difference that persisted at 35 weeks’ gestation. During the transition phase, study infants gained 16.1 ± 4.6 g/kg/d compared with 13.2 ± 5.4 g/kg/d in control group (P < .001). Similar results were observed in the subset of expressed breastmilk–only fed infants (15.9 ± 4.6 g/kg/d in the study group compared with 13.2 ± 5.4 g/kg/d in the control group, P < .004). Conclusion: Optimizing nutrition by the use of concentrated PN during the transition phase to maintain appropriate nutrient intakes improves growth rates in preterm infants.
GPU-accelerated 3D Bayesian image reconstruction from Compton scattered data

This paper describes the development of fast Bayesian reconstruction methods for Compton cameras using commodity graphics hardware. For fast iterative reconstruction, not only is it important to increase the convergence rate, but also it is equally important to accelerate the computation of time-consuming and repeated operations, such as projection and backprojection. Since the size of the system matrix for a typical Compton camera is intractably large, it is impractical to use a conventional caching scheme that stores the pre-calculated elements of a system matrix and uses them for the calculation of projection and backprojection. In this paper we propose GPU (graphics processing unit)-accelerated methods that can rapidly perform conical projection and backprojection on the fly. Since the conventional ray-based backprojection method is inefficient for parallel computing on GPUs, we develop voxel-based conical backprojection methods using two different approximation schemes. In the first scheme, we approximate the intersecting chord length of the ray passing through a voxel by the perpendicular distance from the center to the ray. In the second scheme, each voxel is regarded as a dimensionless point rather than a cube so that the backprojection can be performed without the need for calculating intersecting chord lengths or their approximations. Our simulation studies show that the GPU-based method dramatically improves the computational speed with only minor loss of accuracy in reconstruction. With the development of high-resolution detectors, the difference in the reconstruction accuracy between the GPU-based method and the CPU-based method will eventually be negligible.
Dependency-Based Decipherment for Resource-Limited Machine Translation

We introduce dependency relations into deciphering foreign languages and show that dependency relations help improve the state-ofthe-art deciphering accuracy by over 500%. We learn a translation lexicon from large amounts of genuinely non parallel data with decipherment to improve a phrase-based machine translation system trained with limited parallel data. In experiments, we observe BLEU gains of 1.2 to 1.8 across three different test sets.
The developmental origins of animal and artifact concepts

ls much of this book attests, a wealth of research provides evidence that tuman infants have a core capacity for representing objects and their motions. The environment contains a diversity of objects, however, with waried properties and behaviors. Objects such as pebbles and blocks are inert; :hev move or change only in response to an external force. Objects such as rutterflies and cars have internal mechanisms generating forces that can pro-ptl them. Self-propelled objects can be further differentiated, according to *e nature and characteristic pattern of their motions and the circumstances that evoke theni. To navigate successfully in this diverse and changing environment , perceivers and actors must categorize the objects around them appropriately, determining what kind of thing each object is and how it is iikely to behave. Here we consider three general accounts of the development of this ability in humans. First, all human learning about objects may be supported by a ;ingle core domain that identifies and tracks objects through space and time e.g., Flombaum et al., Chapter 6; but see Amso and fohnson, Chapter 9). -\s infants track pebbles and parrots, balls and cars, they may gradually learn that objects fall into general kinds with distinctive properties and behavior e.g., Spelke, 1990). Second, humans may possess a wealth of distinct core systems for representing objects of different kinds. Early in development, infants may distinguish natural from artifact objects, and they may further distinguish animals, plants, and nonliving natural kinds, as well as people from different social groups and with various properties (Cosmides & Tooby, 1994; Cosmides et al., 2003). Finally, human learning may stem from a very limited set of core domains, such as one for reasoning about social or sentient objects and another for reasoning about all other kinds of objects (e.g., Bloom, 2004; Iohnson et al., 1998), or one for reasoning about objects with the capacity for
Dynamic Power Allocation over Block-Fading Channels with Delay Constraint

The problem of allocating power over a nonergodic Gaussian block fading channel is addressed for delay constrained applications, where transmission takes place over a limited number of time slots. We propose an algorithm in which the transmission power is determined at each time slot based on the channel condition at the current and future time slots, where a Markov model is used to capture the correlation between channel coefficients in different time slots. The problem is formulated in the framework of finite-horizon dynamic programming, where the optimal transmission strategy is assigned based on the relative importance of power and the quality of service (QoS). Depending on the importance of meeting the QoS constraint compared to the cost of power, the best power level is dynamically assigned by the algorithm, taking into account the channel state and the chance of meeting the QoS constraint. The performance of the proposed dynamic power allocation algorithm is evaluated for different channel states and QoS constraints. We compare the performance of the algorithm with schemes having strict constraints on power. Simulation results show that due to the flexibility given to the algorithm by removing the strict power constraint, the dynamic power allocation algorithm outperforms the optimal power constrained algorithm. Also, the results indicate that increasing the cost of power at the transmitter changes the system dynamics in a way that keeps the balance between QoS and power consumption.
The influence of smoking on reward responsiveness and cognitive functions: a natural experiment.

AIMS To investigate the effects of (a) nicotine abstinence and (b) cigarette smoking after abstinence, on reward responsiveness and cognitive functions which are putatively dependent on activity in the dopaminergic system implicated in smoking. DESIGN During Ramadhan, Muslim smokers elected to abstain from smoking either for the whole month (RAMQUIT) or during daylight hours (DAYQUIT). These groups, and non-smokers (NOSMOKE), were assessed on two occasions 6 hours apart (TEST1 and TEST2). DAYQUIT participants had abstained for 6 hours at TEST1 and smoked a single cigarette immediately prior to TEST2. RAMQUIT participants had abstained for at least 10 days prior to TEST1 and remained abstinent at TEST2. NOSMOKE and RAMQUIT participants are a small snack prior to TEST2 to control for non-specific consummatory effects. SETTING TEST1 was conducted at the mosque and TEST2 in participants' homes. PARTICIPANTS All were male; mean age was 26.7 years. Modal cigarette consumption prior to Ramadhan by both the 13 DAYQUIT and the 11 RAMQUIT smokers was 21-30 per day. DAYQUIT subjects rated themselves as more dependent. MEASUREMENTS The Card Arranging Reward Responsivity Objective Test (CARROT), testing behavioural responsiveness to small financial incentive; digit span, measuring attention; verbal fluency, indexing frontal lobe function; and the two-choice guessing test (2CGT; at TEST1 only), measuring response stereotypy. FINDINGS At TEST1, compared with non-smokers, both smoking groups showed greater stereotypy (2CG) and lower reward responsiveness (CARROT). DAYQUIT participants improved on all measures after smoking a single cigarette. No marked changes were seen in the other groups. CONCLUSION These data suggest that (i) abstaining smokers have impaired dopaminergic function and (ii) nicotine consumption may boost their dopaminergic activity.
An empirical study of user acceptance of online social networks marketing

The explosion of Internet usage has drawn the attention of researchers towards online Social Networks Marketing (SNM). Research has shown that a number of the Internet users are distrustful and indecisive, when it comes to the use of social networks marketing system. Therefore, there is a need for researchers to identify some of the factors that determine users’ acceptance of social networks marketing using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This study extended the Technology Acceptance Model theoretical framework to predict consumer acceptance of social networks marketing within Western Cape Province of South Africa. The research model was tested using data collected from 470 questionnaires and analysed using linear regression. The results showed that user intentions to use SNM are strongly and positively correlated with user acceptance of using SNM systems. Empirical results confirmed that perceived credibility and perceived usefulness are the strongest determinant in predicting user intentions to use SNM system.
Texture analysis of 3D fluorescence microscopy images using RSurf 3D features

Classification tasks of biomedical images are still an interesting topic of research with many possibilities of improvement. A very important part in these tasks is the feature extraction, where different image descriptors are used. Recently, a new approach of RSurf features was introduced with application in recognition of the 2D HEp-2 cell images. In this work, we present the extension of these features for the 3D volumetric images and demonstrate its superiority in recognition of sub-cellular protein distribution. The performance is tested on public HeLa dataset containing 9 unique image classes. The k-NN classifier based purely on the RSurf 3D features achieves more than 99% accuracy in recognition of the 3D HeLa images.
Stochastic precision analysis of 2D cardiac strain estimation in vivo

Ultrasonic strain imaging has been applied to echocardiography and carries great potential to be used as a tool in the clinical setting. Two-dimensional (2D) strain estimation may be useful when studying the heart due to the complex, 3D deformation of the cardiac tissue. Increasing the framerate used for motion estimation, i.e. motion estimation rate (MER), has been shown to improve the precision of the strain estimation, although maintaining the spatial resolution necessary to view the entire heart structure in a single heartbeat remains challenging at high MERs. Two previously developed methods, the temporally unequispaced acquisition sequence (TUAS) and the diverging beam sequence (DBS), have been used in the past to successfully estimate in vivo axial strain at high MERs without compromising spatial resolution. In this study, a stochastic assessment of 2D strain estimation precision is performed in vivo for both sequences at varying MERs (65, 272, 544, 815 Hz for TUAS; 250, 500, 1000, 2000 Hz for DBS). 2D incremental strains were estimated during left ventricular contraction in five healthy volunteers using a normalized cross-correlation function and a least-squares strain estimator. Both sequences were shown capable of estimating 2D incremental strains in vivo. The conditional expected value of the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (E(SNRe|ε)) was used to compare strain estimation precision of both sequences at multiple MERs over a wide range of clinical strain values. The results here indicate that axial strain estimation precision is much more dependent on MER than lateral strain estimation, while lateral estimation is more affected by strain magnitude. MER should be increased at least above 544 Hz to avoid suboptimal axial strain estimation. Radial and circumferential strain estimations were influenced by the axial and lateral strain in different ways. Furthermore, the TUAS and DBS were found to be of comparable precision at similar MERs.
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and the Anti-Gallows Movement

This article, on Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865), reveals the new interpretive possibilities that emerge about this classic fantasy when the character of the Queen of Hearts—along with her murderous mandate ‘Off With their Heads! ’—is moved from the background to the forefront of consideration. In a detail that has been overlooked in previous scholarship, state-sanctioned executions were a vivid social reality and the subject of heated public controversy in England during the period when Carroll conceived and composed Alice. Throughout the nineteenth century but especially during the 1860s, the humanity, efficacy and even wisdom of the practice were discussed in popular newspapers, among British citizens, and by elected officials. In this chapter, I make a case that, in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll weighed in on this debate. The Queen of Heart’s repeated, impulsive and usually absurd calls for various individuals to be executed satirize this longstanding civic practice and add a new, and previously neglected, area of cultural commentary within the novel: the anti-gallows movement. Of all the villainous characters in children’s literature, the Queen of Hearts from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) is one of the most infamous. With her haughty attitude, volatile mood and tempestuous personality, she has become arguably as well-known as the book’s title character. Even those who have never read Carroll’s novel are likely familiar with her murderous refrain, ‘Off with their heads! ’ The Queen’s calls for various individuals to be put to death inspires terror in the book’s characters: the Hatter flees the courtroom without even stopping for his shoes to avoid her henchmen; meanwhile, the three playing-card gardeners paint white roses red in a futile attempt to assuage her anger; finally, the royal soldiers immediately cease whatever they are doing whenever she give an
Organ cultures of normal, dysplastic, hyperplastic, and neoplastic human mammary tissues.

Portions of 52 mammary biopsy specimens were maintained in organ culture in chemically defined media both with and without added hormones. In cultures without hormones there was good survival of normal ducts and lobules various patterns of mammary dysplasia ductal carcinoma in situ fibroadenoma intraductal papillima gynecomastia and colloid carcinoma. There was poor survival of scirrous carcinoma. Addition of amorphous insulin aldosterone and ovine mammatropin alone or in combination had no effect on survival and caused no cell proliferation or secretion. At higher concentrations estradiol 17-beta sometimes was harmful. Although further study is needed findings also suggest that oxygen tension may not be as critical a factor as previously supposed for human mammary tissues. (AUTHORS MODIFIED)