Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fundamentals of Social Choice Theory Proof. Suppose That F Is a Monotone Social Choice Function. Let X Denote the Range of F

This paper offers a short introduction to some of the fundamental results of social choice theory. Topices include: Nash implementability and the Muller-Satterthwaite impossibility theorem, anonymous and neutral social choice correspondences, two-party competition in tournaments, binary agendas and the top cycle, and median voter theorems. The paper begins with a simple example to illustrate the importance of multiple equilibria in gametheoretic models of political institutions. 1.1 An introductory model of political institutions Mathematical models in social science are like fables or myths that we read to get insights into the social world in which we live. Our mathematical models are told in a specialized technical language that allows very precise descriptions of the motivations and choices of the various individuals in these stories. When we prove theorems in mathematical social science, we are making general statements about whole classes of such stories all at once. Here we focus on game-theoretic models of political institutions. So let us begin our study of political institutions by a simple game-theoretic model that tells a story of how political institutions may arise. Consider first the simple two-person "Battle of Sexes" game shown in Table 1.1. Player 2 f g 2 2 Player 1 f 0,0 3,6 1 g 6,3 0,0 1 Table 1.1. The Battle of Sexes game. The two players in this game, who may be called player 1 and player 2, must independently choose one of two possible strategies: to defer (f ) or to grab (g ). If the players i i both grab or both defer then neither player gets anything; but if exactly one player grabs then he
Le rôle des connaissances sémantiques dans la mémorisation de l'ordre en mémoire à court terme

The contribution of semantic knowledge in short-term memory has been r ec tly pointed out (e.g., lexicality, concreteness and categorical eff ects). Many studies reported a positive effect of these factors on items recall, however t h potential effect on order information remains a matter of controversy: they elicit a disa dvantage or they have no effect. The goal of this research was to determine the impact of semant ic knowledge on the shortterm recall of order information. More precisely, the hypothesis wa that a pre-organized structure for long-term memory information can improve the order re call. In this thesis, seven immediate serial recall task experiments are reported. Am ong them, three experiments were replicated. The four initial experiments examined the contributi on of thematic associations. In the fifth experiment, an organization was assigned to categor ical lists, and the two last experiments concerned scripts (i.e., information attaching a pr edominant role to the order). Three main results were obtained. First, the presence of a n rg nization, corresponding to the one of long-term memory, in semantic lists can improve the order recall. Second, item retrieval is based on the associative links between items, contrary to models of Saint-Aubin, Ouellette and Poirier (2005) and Haarmann and Usher (2001). Third, the re is an early contribution (i.e., during encoding) of semantic knowledge in the short -term memory, contrary to model of Saint-Aubin, Ouellette and Poirier (2005).
Redesign of the monomer–monomer interface of Cre recombinase yields an obligate heterotetrameric complex

Cre recombinase catalyzes the cleavage and religation of DNA at loxP sites. The enzyme is a homotetramer in its functional state, and the symmetry of the protein complex enforces a pseudo-palindromic symmetry upon the loxP sequence. The Cre-lox system is a powerful tool for many researchers. However, broader application of the system is limited by the fixed sequence preferences of Cre, which are determined by both the direct DNA contacts and the homotetrameric arrangement of the Cre monomers. As a first step toward achieving recombination at arbitrary asymmetric target sites, we have broken the symmetry of the Cre tetramer assembly. Using a combination of computational and rational protein design, we have engineered an alternative interface between Cre monomers that is functional yet incompatible with the wild-type interface. Wild-type and engineered interface halves can be mixed to create two distinct Cre mutants, neither of which are functional in isolation, but which can form an active heterotetramer when combined. When these distinct mutants possess different DNA specificities, control over complex assembly directly discourages recombination at unwanted half-site combinations, enhancing the specificity of asymmetric site recombination. The engineered Cre mutants exhibit this assembly pattern in a variety of contexts, including mammalian cells.
Laboratory costs in the context of disease.

BACKGROUND To determine the contribution of laboratory costs to the overall costs of managing hospital patients with different diseases, we studied the costs of laboratory testing overall and in relation to the other costs incurred during hospitalization. METHODS We used a database developed by the University HealthSystems Consortium containing >1 million patients in 60 University Hospitals with diseases included in 486 diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). Laboratory costs included in the database comprised those associated with testing in the clinical laboratory together with those incurred in point-of-care testing and anatomic pathology but not those involving blood products and their transfusion. RESULTS The mean laboratory costs to manage surgical patients were greater than those to manage medical patients in 19 of the 25 major diagnostic categories. The median laboratory costs for patients with liver transplants exceeded $8000, and the laboratory costs to support other organ transplants were among the highest. The highest proportion of total costs attributable to the laboratory was 18.3% for acute leukemia and kidney and urinary tract signs and symptoms, both in children. Laboratory costs were <1.0% of the total costs for only 15 DRGs. The highest median daily laboratory cost, $416, was attributable to liver transplant patients. Several conditions had median laboratory costs less than $30 per day, in spite of lengths of stay that exceeded 10 days in some cases. CONCLUSIONS Although laboratory costs generally average 6% of the total costs for surgical conditions and 9% of the total costs for medical conditions, there is considerable variability. In general, laboratory costs were relatively poorly correlated with total costs. However, observation of high daily laboratory costs for many DRGs suggests that reducing length of stay would reduce both laboratory and total costs.
Pseudouridylation at Position 32 of Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic tRNAs Requires Two Distinct Enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae*

Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs contain several pseudouridylation sites, and the tRNA:Ψ-synthase acting at position 32 had not been identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By combining genetic and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate that two enzymes, Rib2/Pus8p and Pus9p, are required for Ψ32 formation in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs, respectively. Pus9p acts mostly in mitochondria, and Rib2/Pus8p is strictly cytoplasmic. This is the first case reported so far of two distinct tRNA modification enzymes acting at the same position but present in two different compartments. This peculiarity may be the consequence of a gene fusion that occurred during yeast evolution. Indeed, Rib2/Pus8p displays two distinct catalytic activities involved in completely unrelated metabolism: its C-terminal domain has a DRAP-deaminase activity required for riboflavin biogenesis in the cytoplasm, whereas its N-terminal domain carries the tRNA:Ψ32-synthase activity. Pus9p has only a tRNA:Ψ32-synthase activity and contains a characteristic mitochondrial targeting sequence at its N terminus. These results are discussed in terms of RNA:Ψ-synthase evolution.
Productivity as a Social Problem: The Uses and Misuses of Social Indicators

The study of social indicators is valuable for understanding the role that the social sciences play in the political arena. One common pattern is for a particular social indicator to become frozen in place once it takes on political significance, and this can result in ironic consequences. This study traces out the case of indicators of aggregate productivity trends in the United States. These measures were initially developed as part of an underconsumptionist argument that was linked to the political left, but there was considerable debate over different measurement schemes. Over time, one particular measure of trends in aggregate productivity became central for wage negotiations and for government policy. This created a context in which the slower rates of growth of this measure of productivity in the 1970s helped to validate the views of those on the political right who saw the need for greater restrictions on wage gains and government civilian spending. The paper raises questions about the value of this particular measure and ends by emphasizing the problems of locking in place an "objective" social indicator when the reality being measured is in continual flux.
Genetic Operators and Sequencing in the GAuGE System

This paper investigates the effects of the mapping process employed by the GAuGE system on standard genetic operators. It is shown that the application of that mapping process transforms these operators into suitable sequencing searching tools. A practical application is analysed, and its results compared with a standard genetic algorithm, using the same operators. Results and analysis highlight the suitability of GAuGE and its operators, for this class of problems.
Atmospheric propagation of partially coherent radiation

An extended, Rayleigh-Sommerfeld integral method is used to derive expressions for the mutual coherence function and radiation intensity derived from a planar, partially coherent source propagating through the atmosphere. The derived results reduce to previous results for (i) coherent radiation propagation in the atmosphere and (ii) the relations relating the far-field intensity angular distribution and the source coherence for a partially coherent source in vacuo. A mathematical description of the predicted results in terms of the vacuum distribution and scattering functions (related to the Fourier-transformed two-source mutual coherence function) is permitted by this development. Analytical results are calculated for a homogeneous atmosphere and a source coherence that simulates a laser-illuminated rough surface. The effective far-field range is determined by the source size, wavelength, and source coherence length. The phase of the calculated mutual coherence function is determined by the field-point separation for off-axial propagation directions. Numerical results for the amplitude and phase coherence lengths are calculated and illustrated as a function of the source size, source coherence length, propagation angle, range, and refractive-index structure constant.
Nucleophosmin contains amyloidogenic regions that are able to form toxic aggregates under physiological conditions

Nucleophosmin (NPM)‐1 is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of biologic processes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. To gain insight into the role of isolated fragments in NPM1 activities, we dissected the C‐terminal domain (CTD) into its helical fragments. In this study, we observed the unexpected structural behavior of the peptide fragment corresponding to helix (H) 2 (residues 264‐277). This peptide has a strong tendency to form amyloidlike assemblies endowed with fibrillar morphology and β‐sheet structure, under physiologic conditions, as shown by circular dichroism, thioflavin T, and Congo red binding assays; dynamic light scattering; and atomic force microscopy. The aggregates are also toxic to neuroblastoma cells, as determined using 3‐(4;5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction and Ca2+ influx assays. We also found that the extension of the H2 sequence beyond its N terminus, comprising the connecting loop with H1, delayed aggregation and its associated cytotoxicity, suggesting that contiguous regions of H2 have a protective role in preventing aggregation. Our findings and those in the literature suggest that the helical structures present in the CTD are important in preventing harmful aggregation. These findings could elucidate the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) caused by NPM1 mutants. Because the CTD is not properly folded in these mutants, we hypothesize that the aggregation propensity of this NPM1 region is involved in the pathogenesis of AML. Preliminary assays on NPM1‐Cter‐MutA, the most frequent AML‐CTD mutation, revealed its significant propensity for aggregation. Thus, the aggregation phenomena should be seriously considered in studies aimed at unveiling the molecular mechanisms of this pathology. —Di Natale, C. , Scognamiglio, P. L. , Cascella, R. , Cecchi, C. , Russo, A. , Leone, M. , Penco, A. , Relini, A. , Federici, L. , Di Matteo, A. , Chiti, F. , Vitagliano, L. , Marasco, D. Nucleophosmin contains amyloidogenic regions that are able to form toxic aggregates under physiological conditions. FASEB J. 29, 3689‐3701 (2015). www.fasebj. org
On-board statistical detection and control of anomalous pilot-aircraft interactions

Abstract A statistical method for the on-board detection and control of oscillatory phenomena in pilot-aircraft systems is presented. Recursive identification is used to obtain a linear model of the system at every time instant. The estimated system parameters are monitored, and the system stability margins are continuously assessed. Oscillations due to stability loss are detected early using a composite statistical hypothesis test. Finally a simple stability augmentation system is designed to assist the pilot-aircraft system during the critical time intervals. The method is successfully tested with data from a detailed nonlinear aircraft model and a flight simulator facility.
Globally convergent nonlinear observer for the sensorless control of surface-mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous machines

For a surface-mount Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SM-PMSM) with currents and voltages as only measurements, we propose an observer estimating the rotor electrical phase. It comes from an appropriate choice of coordinates and exploits convexity. We prove its global convergence under the only assumption that the rotor does not stop. Experimental results assess the validity of the proposed observer.
'Rage against the machine?': nurses' and midwives' experiences of using Computerized Patient Information Systems for clinical information.

BACKGROUND Computerized Patient Information Systems (CPIS) are used increasingly in health care, yet few studies have asked clinicians to describe their experiences of using these systems and what they mean to their practice and patient care. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore clinical nurses' and midwives' perceptions and understandings of computerized information systems in everyday practice. The objective was to provide a detailed and faithful account of clinicians' experiences of using such systems. DESIGN A qualitative design was used, based upon interpretive phenomenology. METHODS A total of 13 focus groups involving 53 practitioners was conducted in hospitals across five Australian states with nurses and midwives from a wide range of practice settings. The participants ranged from Level 1 RNs to Clinical Nurse Consultants and nurses with an IT project management role. RESULTS This study focuses specifically on clinicians' experiences of using CPIS to manage clinical information. Clinicians' experiences were characterized by digital disappointment rather than electronic efficiencies. Clinicians reported generally that computerization had neither enhanced their clinical practice nor patient care, nor had it improved patient outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Participants' experiences were predominantly negative and mostly critical of CPIS and their: perceived inability to capture 'real nursing', difficulty in use, incompatibilities, non-responsiveness and irrelevance to patient care and meaningful clinical outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Technological 'solutions' to health care problems are endlessly seductive and easily entrance policy and decision makers. Computerization will continue to impact upon clinical practice and cannot be wished away. Today's computerized systems may have been developed with scant regard for clinician end-users. A crucial issue facing everyone in health informatics is how point-of-care systems can be developed in ways that involve clinicians meaningfully and which recognize and respond to the complexity and subtlety of the world of nursing and midwifery practice.
Réception des images d'une catastrophe en direct à la télévision : Etude qualitative des réactions provoquées par les attentats du 11 septembre 2001 aux Etats-Unis au travers du rappel de téléspectateurs français

L'article explique les reactions de 56 telespectateurs francais face aux images montrant en direct les attentats de New York et etudie le processus de reception au travers de leur rappel, deux mois apres. Formules en termes de traitements de l'information des telespectateurs socialement inscrits, les resultats sont discutes au sein d'un contexte theorique construit a l'aide des theories psychosociales de la reception des messages mediatiques et de modeles issus de la psychologie cognitive (e.g. memoire flash). Au cours des dix premieres minutes, la reception est constituee de trois etapes differentes, caracterisees, d'une part, par de fortes reactions individuelles ou interagissent emotions negatives et traitements cognitifs des informations televisuelles et, d'autre part, par de forts besoins de communication interpersonnelle, d'echanges socio-emotionnels et de co-construction sociale des representations de l'evenement.
Speaker discriminability for visual speech modes

Does speech mode affect recognizing people from their visual speech? We examined 3D motion data from 4 talkers saying 10 sentences (twice). Speech was in noise, in quiet or whispered. Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) were conducted and speaker classification was determined by Linear Disciminant Analysis (LDA). The first five PCs for the rigid motion and the first 10 PCs each for the non-rigid motion and the combined motion were input to a series of LDAs for all possible combinations of PCs that could be constructed using the retained PCs. The discriminant functions and classification coefficients were determined on the training data to predict the talker of the test data. Classification performance for both the in-noise and whispered speech modes were superior to the in-quiet one. Superiority of classification was found even if only the first PC (jaw motion) was used, i.e., measures of jaw motion when speaking in noise or whispering hold promise for bimodal person recognition or verification.
A Dynamical Particle Swarm Algorithm with Dimension Mutation

In this paper, a dynamical particle swarm algorithm with dimension mutation is proposed. First, we design a dynamically changing inertia weight based on the degree of both the particle diversity and the improvement of the best solutions in the successive generations. By using this inertia weight the algorithm can more easily keep the diversity of the population, improve the convergent speed. Second, in order to escape from the local optimum easily, a dimension mutation operator is designed. This mutation operator can easily jump out the local optimum from the dimension with the minimal convergence degree (i.e., the dimension in which the particles focus to the center of the search region most). Finally, the simulation experiments are made and the results indicate the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm
When style obscures substance: Visual attention to display appropriateness in the 2012 presidential debates

ABSTRACT As with the first televised debates in 1960, the 2012 US presidential debates accentuated the importance of nonverbal behavior in political competition, with President Obama receiving widespread criticism for his disengaged and arguably inappropriate communication style in the first debate. To investigate the perceptual impact of such nonverbal expectancy violations, this study first employs an experimental design to examine the consequence of inappropriate leader displays, operationalized as nonverbal behaviors that are incongruent with the rhetorical setting. Theoretical explanations about the evaluative consequences of inappropriate leader displays are described in light of expectancy violations theory. Results of a repeated measures eye-tracking experiment find support for the prediction that inappropriate facial expressions increase visual attention on the source of violation, prompt critical scrutiny, and elicit negative evaluations. These findings are further explored with qualitative analysis of focus group responses to key moments from the first and third presidential debates. The discussion considers the broader implications of nonverbal communication in politics and how expressive leader displays serve as meaningful cues for citizens when making sense of televised political encounters.
Employee Mobility and Organizational Outcomes

A large and growing literature spanning multiple fields has identified employee mobility as a critical influence on several important organizational outcomes. However, extant research on the topic is highly fragmented and lacks a unifying theoretical framework, impeding the development of a cumulative conceptually integrated body of research. We seek to remedy this situation by undertaking a review of research on employee mobility and its organizational impacts and casting it within a novel integrative conceptual framework. As a critical foundation for this framework, we highlight how the various organizational impacts of employee mobility are ultimately engendered by different dimensions of human and/or relational capital that are conveyed by mobile individuals. Building on this foundation, we describe how multilevel contextual factors—characterized as attributes of the employee, source and destination firms, and environmental conditions—may moderate the transfer and utilization of human and relational capital held by mobile individuals. Finally, we review how constraining factors, such as labor market imperfections on both demand and supply sides, can impede employee mobility and also how alternative competing channels—for example, alliances, networks and geographic spillovers, and acquisitions—may be used for effectuating the same organizational impacts as mobility events. These constraints and competing channels are important because they circumscribe the conditions under which employee mobility can be a critical influence on organizational outcomes. We seek to provide a rich integrative theoretical understanding of employee mobility and spur future research on important unanswered research questions.
A novel human identification system based on electrocardiogram features

In this work we present a novel biometric authentication approach based on combination of AC/DCT features, MFCC features, and QRS beat information of the ECG signals. The proposed approach is tested on a subset of 30 subjects selected from the PTB database. This subset consists of 13 healthy and 17 non-healthy subjects who have two ECG records. The proposed biometric authentication approach achieves average frame recognition rate of %97.31 on the selected subset. Our experimental results imply that the frame recognition rate of the proposed authentication approach is better than that of ACDCT and MFCC based biometric authentication systems, individually.