Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Direct synthesis of timed circuits from free-choice STGs

Presents a new method to synthesize timed asynchronous circuits directly from the specification without generating a state graph. The synthesis procedure begins with a graph specification with timing constraints. A timing analysis extracts the timed concurrency and timed causality relations directly from the specification. Then, a hazard-free implementation of the specification is synthesized by analyzing precedence graphs which are constructed by using the timed concurrency and timed causality relations. The major result of this work is that the method does not suffer from the state explosion problem, in practice achieves significant reductions in synthesis time for the specifications which have a large state space, and generates synthesized circuits that have nearly the same area as compared to previous timed circuit methods. In particular, this paper shows that a timed circuit-not containing circuit hazards under given timing constraints-can be found by using the relations between signal transitions of the specification. Moreover, the relations can be efficiently found using a heuristic timing analysis algorithm. By allowing significantly larger designs to be synthesized, this work is a step toward the development of high-level synthesis tools for system level asynchronous circuits.
Notice of RetractionNotice of RetractionManagement communication styles: Conceptualization and scale development

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a construct that can measure different management communication styles (MCS) in the Malaysian context. Through an extensive literature review, four dimensions of management communication styles are identified. These dimensions form the component factors of management communication styles. Three sequential stages of scale development namely: (item generation, scale development, and scale evaluation) were undertaken to achieve this purpose. A survey questionnaire was administered to 101 executives working directly under Human Resource Managers in the state-owned organizations, known as Government Link Companies (GLCs). A factor analysis was initially conducted on 20 items to explore the structure underlying the set of questions designed. The results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that the measurement scale used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. Exploratory factor analysis confirmed four dimensions namely, Tell, Sell, Consult, and Join, as the dimensions that measure Management Communication Styles construct.
Evaluation of clear-sky solar fluxes in GCMs participating in AMIP and IPCC-AR4 from a surface perspective

[1] Solar fluxes at the Earth's surface calculated in General Circulation Models (GCMs) contain large uncertainties, not only in the presence of clouds but, as shown here, even under clear-sky (i.e., cloud-free) conditions. Adequate observations to constrain the uncertainties in these clear-sky fluxes have long been missing. The present study provides newly derived observational clear-sky climatologies at worldwide distributed anchor sites with high-accuracy measurements from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM). These data are used to systematically assess the performance of a total of 36 GCMs with respect to their surface solar clear-sky fluxes. These models represent almost 2 decades of model development, from the atmospheric model intercomparison projects AMIP I and AMIP II to the state of the art models participating in the 4th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4). Results show that earlier model versions tend to largely overestimate the surface insolation under cloud-free conditions. This identifies an overly transparent cloud-free atmosphere as a key error source for the excessive surface insolation in GCMs noted in previous studies. Possible origins are an underestimated water vapor absorption and a lack of adequate aerosol forcing. Similar biases remain in a number of current models with comparatively low atmospheric clear-sky solar absorption (around 60 Wm−2 in the global mean). However, there are now several models participating in IPCC-AR4 with higher atmospheric clear-sky absorption (70 Wm−2 and up, globally averaged) and more realistic aerosol treatment, which are in excellent agreement with the newly derived observational clear-sky climatologies. This underlines the progress made in radiative transfer modeling as well as in the observation and diagnosis of solar radiation under cloudless atmospheres and puts the most likely value of solar radiation absorbed in the cloud-free atmosphere slightly above 70 Wm−2.
Self-regulated learning and knowledge sharing in the workplace Conference or Workshop Item

This study explores how experts in a global multinational company self-regulate their learning. It investigates experts‟ perceptions of the impact of knowledge sharing on their learning and work. Findings indicate that self-regulated learning (SRL) is a highly social process that is structured by and deeply integrated with work tasks. Experts tend to draw heavily upon their personal networks of trusted colleagues in the process of diagnosing and attaining their learning goals. In contradiction to existing models, SRL in the workplace does not appear to be a clearly delineated, linear process comprised of discrete stages. Further research is needed to understand tacit practices of SRL in the workplace.
Performance of Key Distribution in 802.15.4 Beacon Enabled Cluster

In this paper, we analyze performance of the 802.15. 4 cluster in beacon enabled mode under the presence of key exchange protocol. We assume that all nodes are applying power management technique based on the constant event sensing reliability required by the coordinator. Power management generates random sleep times by every node which in average fairly distributes the sensing load among the nodes. Key exchange is initiated by cluster coordinator after some given number of sensing packets have been received by the coordinator. We develop analytical model of key exchange integrated into the cluster's sensing function and evaluate the impact of frequency of key exchange on the cluster's energy consumption.
A murine model of CML blast crisis induced by cooperation between BCR/ABL and NUP98/HOXA9

Constitutive activation of tyrosine kinases, such as the BCR/ABL fusion associated with t(9;22)(q34;q22), is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) syndromes in humans. Expression of BCR/ABL is both necessary and sufficient to cause a chronic myeloproliferative syndrome in murine bone marrow transplantation models, and absolutely depends on kinase activity. Progression of CML to acute leukemia (blast crisis) in humans has been associated with acquisition of secondary chromosomal translocations, including the t(7;11)(p15;p15) resulting in the NUP98/HOXA9 fusion protein. We demonstrate that BCR/ABL cooperates with NUP98/HOXA9 to cause blast crisis in a murine model. The phenotype depends both on expression of BCR/ABL and NUP98/HOXA9, but tumors retain sensitivity to the ABL inhibitor STI571 in vitro and in vivo. This paradigm is applicable to other constitutively activated tyrosine kinases such as TEL/PDGFβR. These experiments document cooperative effects between constitutively activated tyrosine kinases, which confer proliferative and survival properties to hematopoietic cells, with mutations that impair differentiation, such as the NUP98/HOXA9, giving rise to the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) phenotype. Furthermore, these data indicate that despite acquisition of additional mutations, CML blast crisis cells retain their dependence on BCR/ABL for proliferation and survival.
Formal Approaches to Student Modelling John Self 1994 AAI

This paper considers student modelling from the point of view of the formal techniques that are involved. It attempts to provide a theoretical, computational basis for student modelling which is psychologically neutral and independent of applications. It is derived mainly from various areas of theoretical artificial intelligence. Because of the intrinsic difficulty of the student modelling problem, these links to AI are often merely pointed out and not pursued in depth.
GetReal: Towards Realistic Selection of Influence Maximization Strategies in Competitive Networks

State-of-the-art classical influence maximization (IM) techniques are "competition-unaware" as they assume that a group (company) finds seeds (users) in a network independent of other groups who are also simultaneously interested in finding such seeds in the same network. However, in reality several groups often compete for the same market (e.g., Samsung, HTC, and Apple for the smart phone market) and hence may attempt to select seeds in the same network. This has led to increasing body of research in devising IM techniques for competitive networks. Despite the considerable progress made by these efforts toward finding seeds in a more realistic settings, unfortunately, they still make several unrealistic assumptions (e.g., a new company being aware of a rival's strategy, alternate seed selection, etc.) making their deployment impractical in real-world networks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework based on game theory to provide a more realistic solution to the IM problem in competitive networks by jettisoning these unrealistic assumptions. Specifically, we seek to find the "best" IM strategy (an algorithm or a mixture of algorithms) a group should adopt in the presence of rivals so that it can maximize its influence. As each group adopts some strategy, we model the problem as a game with each group as competitors and the expected influences under the strategies as payoffs. We propose a novel algorithm called GetReal to find each group's best solution by leveraging the competition between different groups. Specifically, it seeks to find whether there exist a Nash Equilibrium (NE) in a game, which guarantees that there exist an "optimal" strategy for each group. Our experimental study on real-world networks demonstrates the superiority of our solution in a more realistic environment.
Video Abstracting 2. Why Are Video Abstracts Useful?

1. What is a Video Abstract? We all know what the abstract of an article is: a short summary of a document, often used to preselect material relevant to the user. The medium of the abstract and the document are the same, namely text. In the age of multimedia, it would be desirable to use video abstracts in very much the same way: as short clips containing the essence of a longer video, without a break in the presentation medium. However, the state of the art is to use textual abstracts for indexing and searching large video archives. This media break is harmful since it typically leads to considerable loss of information. For example it is unclear at what level of abstraction the textual description should be; if we see a famous politician at a dinner table with a group of other politicians, what should the text say? Should it specify the names of the people, give their titles, specify the event, or just describe the scene as if it were a painting, emphasizing colors and geometry? An audio-visual abstract, to be interpreted by a human user, is semantically much richer than a text. We define a video abstract to be a sequence of moving images, extracted from a longer video, much shorter than the original, and preserving the essential message of the original.
Minimum Dominating Set for a Point Set in $\IR^2$

In this article, we consider the problem of computing minimum dominating set for a given set $S$ of $n$ points in $\IR^2$. Here the objective is to find a minimum cardinality subset $S'$ of $S$ such that the union of the unit radius disks centered at the points in $S'$ covers all the points in $S$. We first propose a simple 4-factor and 3-factor approximation algorithms in $O(n^6 \log n)$ and $O(n^{11} \log n)$ time respectively improving time complexities by a factor of $O(n^2)$ and $O(n^4)$ respectively over the best known result available in the literature [M. De, G.K. Das, P. Carmi and S.C. Nandy, {\it Approximation algorithms for a variant of discrete piercing set problem for unit disk}, Int. J. of Comp. Geom. and Appl. , to appear]. Finally, we propose a very important shifting lemma, which is of independent interest and using this lemma we propose a $\frac{5}{2}$-factor approximation algorithm and a PTAS for the minimum dominating set problem.
Intragenic Recombination and Diversifying Selection Contribute to the Evolution of Downy Mildew Resistance at the RPP8 Locus of Arabidopsis

Pathogen resistance (R) genes of the NBS-LRR class (for nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeat) are found in many plant species and confer resistance to a diverse spectrum of pathogens. Little is known about the mechanisms that drive NBS-LRR gene evolution in the host–pathogen arms race. We cloned the RPP8 gene (for resistance to Peronospora parasitica) and compared the structure of alleles at this locus in resistant Landsberg erecta (Ler-0) and susceptible Columbia (Col-0) accessions. RPP8-Ler encodes an NBS-LRR protein with a putative N-terminal leucine zipper and is more closely related to previously cloned R genes that confer resistance to bacterial pathogens than it is to other known RPP genes. The RPP8 haplotype in Ler-0 contains the functional RPP8-Ler gene and a nonfunctional homolog, RPH8A. In contrast, the rpp8 locus in Col-0 contains a single chimeric gene, which was likely derived from unequal crossing over between RPP8-Ler and RPH8A ancestors within a Ler-like haplotype. Sequence divergence among RPP8 family members has been accelerated by positive selection on the putative ligand binding region in the LRRs. These observations indicate that NBS-LRR molecular evolution is driven by the same mechanisms that promote rapid sequence diversification among other genes involved in non-self-recognition.
Supporting advanced interaction capabilities on a mobile robot with a flexible control system

Building a mobile service robot for home and office environments that incorporates skilled interaction capabilities is a challenging task. The control system has to consider various demands: first, it has to manage unstructured and dynamic environments. Second, as humans are around, aspects of safety are of particular importance. This implies that the system has to be highly reactive. Third, the robot also has to be capable of carrying out dialogs to be taught or instructed. Altogether, this requires a highly integrated control framework. In this paper we present an agent-based architecture for our mobile robot BIRON in order to realize sophisticated human-robot interaction. The architecture is built in a modular fashion and controlled by a central execution supervisor using an event queue to handle asynchronous events. This execution supervisor contains an augmented finite state machine which is specified in XML and thus is highly generic. Similarly, the communication between all modules is based on XML. The overall system, therefore, is easily maintainable and extensible, as the architecture's design allows us to add new modules to the system without requiring major modifications on existing components.
An improved analysis of gravity drainage experiments for estimating the unsaturated soil hydraulic functions

The unsaturated hydraulic properties are important parameters in any quantitative description of water and solute transport in partially saturated soils. Currently, most in situ methods for estimating the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) are based on analyses that require estimates of the soil water flux and the pressure head gradient. These analyses typically involve differencing of field-measured pressure head (h) and volumetric water content (θ) data, a process that can significantly amplify instrumental and measurement errors. More reliable methods result when differencing of field data can be avoided. One such method is based on estimates of the gravity drainage curve K'(θ) = dK/dθ which may be computed from observations of θ and/or h during the drainage phase of infiltration drainage experiments assuming unit gradient hydraulic conditions. The purpose of this study was to compare estimates of the unsaturated soil hydraulic functions on the basis of different combinations of field data θ, h, K, and K'. Five different data sets were used for the analysis: (1) θ-h, (2) K-θ, (3) K'-θ (4) K-θ-h, and (5) K'-θ-h. The analysis was applied to previously published data for the Norfolk, Troup, and Bethany soils. The K-θ-h and K'-θ-h data sets consistently produced nearly identical estimates of the hydraulic functions. The K-θ and K'-θ data also resulted in similar curves, although results in this case were less consistent than those produced by the K-θ-h and K'-θ-h data sets. We conclude from this study that differencing of field data can be avoided and hence that there is no need to calculate soil water fluxes and pressure head gradients from inherently noisy field-measured θ and h data. The gravity drainage analysis also provides results over a much broader range of hydraulic conductivity values than is possible with the more standard instantaneous profile analysis, especially when augmented with independently measured soil water retention data.
A Primer on Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry

This book provides a basic introduction to sediment-heavy metal interactions and how sediment chemical data can be used to address environmental questions and issues. It is designed to promote self-teaching and is written so that students and professionals with a minimum of formal training in the environmental sciences can understand it. The book addresses all of the major physical and chemical factors that control sediment-trace element chemistry, as well as sampling and sampling design, data manipulation, and data interpretation. Following in the steps of the successful first edition, which was used as a text for a three day short course for U.S. Geological Survey professionals interested in sediment trace chemistry and its application to water quality issues, A Primer on Sediment-Trace Element Chemistry, 2nd Edition is ideal for academics, geochemists, chemists, hydrologists, environmental lawyers, and water quality professionals needing a comprehensive introduction to this field.
Variable Structure Sliding Mode Control and Direct Torque Control of Wind Power Generation System Based on the Pm Synchronous Generator

Abstract This paper presents a Variable Structure Sliding Mode Control (VS-SMC) scheme and Direct Torque Control (DTC) for Wind Farm (WF) based on the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The WF consists of a 3 PMSGs which are connected to a common dc bus system with rectifier. The dc-bus is connected to the electrical network using only one inverter system, a grid-side filter as well as the transformer. The efficiency of the WF can be greatly improved using an appropriate control approach. So, the control strategy uses the technique of DTC to regulate the speeds of PMSGs for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mode. Besides, by employing VS-SMC the grid-side inverter is controlled to inject the generated power into the electrical network, to regulate DC-link voltage and to achieve Unity Power Factor. The used control strategies provide an optimal control solution for WF systems based on the PMSG.
Complex continental growth along the proto-Pacific margin of East Gondwana

We use ambient noise recordings from the largest transportable seismic array in the Southern Hemisphere to image azimuthal variations in Rayleigh wave phase anisotropy in the crust beneath southeast Australia. This region incorporates a transition from the Precambrian shield region of Australia in the west to younger Phanerozoic terranes in the east, which are thought to have been formed by subduction-accretion processes. Our results, which span the shallow to lower crust, show a strong and consistent pattern of anisotropy that is oriented north-south, approximately parallel to the former margin of East Gondwana. However, significant deviations from this trend persist through the period range 2.5 s to \textgreater10 s. One of the most notable deviations occurs along the edge of cratonic Australia, where the Curnamona Province forms a salient into the younger accretionary terrane, here, the fast axis of anisotropy follows the boundary almost exactly, and is virtually coincident with magnetic lineations extracted from aeromagnetic data. To the east of this boundary beneath the Lachlan orogen, a region masked by the Cenozoic Murray Basin, the fast axis of anisotropy becomes strongly curved and traces out a semicircular pattern with a radius of 200-250 km. Farther east, the fast axis of anisotropy returns to a dominantly north-south orientation. These new findings provide strong observational support to recent geodynamic modeling results that demonstrate how large-scale oroclinal structures can become embedded in accretionary mountain belts. Â© 2014 Geological Society of America.
Upregulation of the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L antiviral pathway associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.

Levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase, bioactive 2-5A, and RNase L were measured in extracts of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 15 individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) before and during therapy with the biological response modifier poly(I). poly(C12U) and were compared with levels in healthy controls. Patients differed significantly from controls in having a lower mean basal level of latent 2-5A synthetase (P < .0001), a higher pretreatment level of bioactive 2-5A (P = .002), and a higher level of pretherapy RNase L activity (P < .0001). PBMC extracts from 10 persons with CFS had a mean basal level of activated 2-5A synthetase higher than the corresponding control value (P = .009). All seven pretherapy PBMC extracts tested were positive for the replication of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Therapy with poly(I). poly(C12U) resulted in a significant decrease in HHV-6 activity (P < .01) and in downregulation of the 2-5A synthetase/RNase L pathway in temporal association with clinical and neuropsychological improvement. The upregulated 2-5A pathway in CFS before therapy is consistent with an activated immune state and a role for persistent viral infection in the pathogenesis of CFS. The response to therapy suggests direct or indirect antiviral activity of poly(I). poly(C12U) in this situation.