Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Attachment Style in Women With Dyspareunia

In this study, the authors explored the relations among painful experience during sexual intercourse, attachment style, and somatization. The authors assessed these variables by self-report of dyspareunia (painful vaginal intercourse) and by completion of the Experience in Close Relationships Scale and the short version of the Brief Symptom Inventory. The sample included 110 women, 45 of whom reported painful intercourse and were defined as the dyspareunia group, and the remaining 65 were defined as the control group. The dyspareunia group showed greater incidence, compared with the control group, of insecure attachment styles defined by higher scores of anxiety and/or avoidance as well as higher somatization levels. Regression analyses revealed that increased level of somatization and higher level of avoidance predicted higher probability for dyspareunia. The authors’ findings suggest that women with higher frequency of physical complaints in various body areas and insecure attachment style are more susceptible to report pain during intercourse.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of ROCK1 during infection

Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen that persists within polymorphonuclear leucocytes, is the second most common tick‐borne agent in North America. We now show that infection of a promyelocytic cell line and neutrophils with A. phagocytophilum results in pathogen‐specific tyrosine phosphorylation of ROCK1. Phosphorylation is associated with PSGL‐1 and Syk, because PSGL‐1 blocking antibodies and siRNA targeting Syk interfere with ROCK1 phosphorylation in A. phagocytophilum‐infected cells. Knockdown of either Syk or ROCK1 also markedly impaired A. phagocytophilum infection. These data demonstrate a role for A. phagocytophilum‐mediated ROCK1 phosphorylation in infection, and suggests that inhibiting this pathway may lead to new, non‐antibiotic strategies to treat human granulocytic anaplasmosis.
Episodic nonlinearity in Latin American stock market indices

This letter applies the Hinich portmanteau bicorrelation test jointly with the windowed testing procedure to detect nonlinear behaviour in the rate of returns series for seven Latin American stock market indices. Our results suggest that the nonlinear serial dependencies are episodic in nature. All the stock returns series are characterized by few brief periods of highly significant nonlinearity, followed by long time periods in which the returns follow a pure noise process. Our findings help explain why there are difficulties in forecasting asset returns.
An enriched social behavioural information diffusion model in social networks

Online social networks have recently become an innovative and effective method for spreading information among people around the world. Information diffusion, rumour spreading and diseases infection are all instances of stochastic processes that occur over the edges of social networks. Many prior works have carried out empirical studies and diffusion models to understand how information propagates in online social networks; however they suffer from problems. In this paper, we propose an information diffusion model inspired by information propagation among people. Our proposed Social Behavioural Information Diffusion Model, abbreviated as SBIDM, considers the effect of mainstream media like TV and radio, as well as interaction with the neighbours. The advantages of our approach are four-fold. First, it models information diffusion in social networks inspired by social life, which considers the effect of aggregate social behaviour to diffuse information; second, it allows partial knowledge to be held in each individual; third, it considers the effects of social media in propagating information as well as the effects of interacting with neighbours; and last but not least, it is applicable to different types of data including synthetic and well-known real social networks like Facebook, Amazon, Epinions and DBLP. To explore the advantages of our approach, many experiments with different settings and specifications were conducted. The obtained results are very promising.
Learning organisations: empirically investigating metaphors

When organisations succeed in developing and nurturing their organisational learning they create a form of intellectual capital that is difficult for competitors to imitate. Since learning enhances organisational ability to adapt and respond rapidly, it conveys competitive advantage on the organisation. Learning organisations are a special form of organisation where enhancing learning is a strategy to increase intellectual capital. Developing learning organisations has become an imperative for many managers, since an organisation’s learning methods and rate may be the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. However, learning organisation theory tends to be prescriptive and rhetorical, with empirical research still relatively new. This paper contributes to the literature by reporting case‐study research in progress based on four Australian organisations. In the organisations studied, use of the learning organisation metaphor was coupled with an emergent metaphor: organisation as “family”. By employing structure mapping of metaphor within analytical induction, both established methods but not combined before, we show how theory might be developed from metaphor.
Finansal Krizler ve Anlamlandırma Teorisi: 2008 Krizine Retrospektif Bir Yaklaşım

The purpose of the article is to assess Karl Weick’s sensemaking theory in terms of economics, in order to research the validity of theory for preventing financial crisis or taking precaution. Crisis indicators of Kaminsky, Lizondo and Reinhart, Burkart and Coudert, Edwards are identified as crisis indicators of the research. Financial indicators that were effective in 2001 financial crisis are identified; and compared retrospectively with 2008 global crisis values. As a consequence of sensemaking 2001 financial crisis, it is put forth that negative effects of 2008 global crisis were lessened. Even though retrospective sensemaking approach is used in the study, prospective sensemaking will assure process improvement, organizational learning and performance evaluation in terms of organizational behavior and organization economics.
Facilitating Knowledge Sharing: A Conceptual Framework

This paper argues that knowledge sharing can be conceptualized as different situations of exchange in which individuals relate to each other in different ways, involving different rules, norms and traditions of reciprocity regulating the exchange. The main challenge for facilitating knowledge sharing is to ensure that the exchange is seen as equitable for the parties involved, and by viewing the problems of knowledge sharing as motivational problems situated in different organizational settings, the paper explores how knowledge exchange can be conceptualized as going on in four distinct situations of exchange denominated organizational exchange yielding extrinsic rewards, organizational exchange yielding intrinsic rewards, financial exchange, and social exchange. The paper argues that each situation of exchange has distinct assumptions about individual behaviour and the intermediaries regulating the exchange, and facilitating knowledge sharing should therefore be viewed as a continuum of practices under the influence of opportunistic behaviour, obedience or organizational citizenship behaviour.
Acquired resistance to Giardia muris in X-linked immunodeficient mice

A previous study from this laboratory (D. P. Snider, D. Skea, and B. J. Underdown, Infect. Immun. 56:2838-2842, 1988) indicated that immunodeficient mice expressing the xid gene develop prolonged infections with Giardia muris, unlike immunocompetent mice, which eliminate the intestinal protozoan parasite in 8 to 10 weeks. In this study, CBA/N (xid) and CBA/Ca mice were infected with G. muris cysts and at various times following this primary infection were cured by treatment with metronidazole. In contrast to the marked differences in the ability of xid and normal mice to eliminate a primary infection, mice of both strains were resistant to a secondary challenge of G. muris cysts. These data imply that the mechanism(s) responsible for elimination of a primary infection is not identical to those required to resist a secondary challenge infection. Splenocytes from immunocompetent CBA/Ca mice (but not immunodeficient CBA/N mice) could transfer the ability to eliminate a primary G. muris infection to irradiated mice of either strain. In contrast, splenocytes from previously infected CBA/Ca mice could not transfer resistance to a challenge infection, further supporting the hypothesis that there are differences between mechanisms required to eliminate a primary infection and those necessary to resist a second challenge infection.
A Note on "State Characteristics and the Location of Foreign Direct Investment within the United States."

In the November 1991 issue of The Review of Economics and Statistics, Cletus C. Coughlin, Joseph V. Terza, and Vachira Arromdee estimated conditional logit models of the factors affecting the locational choices of foreign direct investors in the manufacturing sector within the United States. This paper examines the aggregation bias in their paper. The authors show that marked differences exist between the locational preferences of those investing in new manufacturing plants and those investing in mergers and acquisitions. Coauthors are Hung-Gay Fung, Daniel A. Gerlowski, and Jonathan Silberman. Copyright 1996 by MIT Press.
Cost-utility analysis of great saphenous vein ablation with radiofrequency, foam and surgery in the emerging health-care setting of Thailand

Objectives To conduct economic evaluations of radiofrequency ablation, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy and surgery for great saphenous vein ablation. Method A cost-utility and cohort analysis from societal perspective was performed to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Transitional probabilities were from meta-analysis. Direct medical, direct non-medical, indirect costs, and utility were from standard Thai costings and cohort. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to assess parameter uncertainties. Results Seventy-seven patients (31 radiofrequency ablation, 19 ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy, and 27 surgeries) were enrolled from October 2011 to February 2013. Compared with surgery, radiofrequency ablation costed 12,935 and 20,872 Baht higher, whereas ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy costed 6159 lower and 1558 Bath higher for outpatient and inpatient, respectively. At one year, radiofrequency ablation had slightly lower quality-adjusted life-year, whereas ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy yielded additional 0.025 quality-adjusted life-year gained. Because of costing lower and greater quality-adjusted life-year than other compared alternatives, outpatient ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy was an option being dominant. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis resulted that at the Thai ceiling threshold of 160,000 Baht/quality-adjusted life-year gained, ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy had chances of 0.71 to be cost-effective. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy seems to be cost-effective for treating great saphenous vein reflux compared to surgery in Thailand at one-year results.
The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: a randomized trial

Objective/Introduction Secondary pharmacological interventions have shown promise at reducing the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) in preclinical studies. The present study examined the preliminary efficacy of a 10-day low-dose (20 mg bid) course of hydrocortisone at preventing PTSS in traumatic injury victims. Methods Sixty-four traumatic injury patients (34% female) were randomly assigned in a double-blind protocol to receive either a 10-day course of hydrocortisone or placebo initiated within 12 hours of the trauma. One-month and 3-months posttrauma participants completed an interview to assess PTSS and self-report measures of depression and health-related quality of life. Results Hydrocortisone recipients reported fewer PTSD and depression symptoms, and had greater improvements in health-related quality of life during the first 3 months posttrauma than did placebo recipients. Hydrocortisone recipients who had never received prior mental health treatment had the lowest PTSD scores. Conclusion Low-dose hydrocortisone may be a promising approach to the prevention of PTSD in acutely injured trauma patients, and may be particularly efficacious in acutely injured trauma victims without a history of significant psychopathology.
Delivery of therapeutic RNA-cleaving oligodeoxyribonucleotides (deoxyribozymes): from cell culture studies to clinical trials

ABSTRACT Introduction. Development of efficient in vivo delivery systems remains a major challenge en route to clinical application of antisense technology, including RNA-cleaving molecules such as deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes). The mechanisms of oligonucleotide uptake and trafficking are clearly dependent on cell type and the type of oligonucleotide analogue. It appears likely that each particular disease target would pose its own specific requirements for a delivery method. Areas covered. In this review we will discuss the available options for DNAzyme delivery in vitro and in vivo, outline various exogenous and endogenous strategies that have been, or are still being, developed and ascertain their applicability with emphasis on those methods that are currently being used in clinical trials. Expert opinion. The available information suggests that a practical system for in vivo delivery has to be biodegradable, as to minimize concerns over long-term toxicity, it should not accumulate in the organism. Extracellular vesicles may offer the most organic way for drug delivery especially as they can be fused with artificial liposomes to produce hybrid nanoparticles. Chemical modification of DNAzymes holds great potential to apply oligonucleotide analogs that would not only be resistant to nuclease digestion, but also able to penetrate cells without external delivery agents.
Probit analysis of fresh meat consumption in Belgium: Exploring BSE and television communication impact

This article focuses on factors influencing consumer decision making toward fresh meat consumption in Belgium. Discrete choice models are specified for explaining consumer decisions to decrease fresh meat consumption since the BSE-crisis and toward to the future. Demographic consumer characteristics, consumption frequency and attention to television coverage are included as explanatory variables in the models. A major focus is the impact of television, which has carried several negative reports about meat safety during recent years. Television coverage is found to have a highly negative impact on decision making toward fresh red meat consumption. Model estimation and computation of predicted probabilities reveal that the likelihood of cutting fresh meat consumption increases with greater attention given to television messages, as well as with the presence of young children in the household and with increasing age of the consumer. Interaction between attention to television and age reveals that younger people's decisions are more susceptive to media coverage. Heavy meat consumers are least likely to cut fresh meat consumption. Findings include implications for future livestock production and communication by the meat industry. lEcon-Lit citations: D120, L660, M390r © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast-tracking expatriate development: the unique learning environments of international volunteer placements

International volunteering has traditionally been viewed as a pursuit that, while admirable, provided little benefit for the volunteer beyond altruistic satisfaction. Yet several recent studies suggest that an international volunteer placement can fast-track the development of valuable global skills and capabilities. To date, no research has offered a systematic explanation for this. This article presents a framework that outlines the unique mechanisms of international volunteer placements that contribute to them being fertile learning environments for expatriates. In doing so, it draws on evidence from a longitudinal study of the learning experiences of a sample of international volunteers from Australia and New Zealand.
Predicting the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in western Europe based on environmental variables

SUMMARY The domestic dog is the reservoir host of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic in Mediterranean Europe. Targeted control requires predictive risk maps of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), which are now explored. We databased 2187 published and unpublished surveys of CanL in southern Europe. A total of 947 western surveys met inclusion criteria for analysis, including serological identification of infection (504, 369 dogs tested 1971–2006). Seroprevalence was 23 2% overall (median 10%). Logistic regression models within a GIS framework identified the main environmental predictors of CanL seroprevalence in Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, or in France alone. A 10-fold cross-validation approach determined model capacity to predict point-values of seroprevalence and the correct seroprevalence class (<5%, 5–20%, >20%). Both the four-country and France-only models performed reasonably well for predicting correctly the <5% and >20% seroprevalence classes (AUC >0 70). However, the France-only model performed much better for France than the four-country model. The four-country model adequately predicted regions of CanL emergence in northern Italy (<5% seroprevalence). Both models poorly predicted intermediate point seroprevalences (5–20%) within regional foci, because surveys were biased towards known rural foci and Mediterranean bioclimates. Our recommendations for standardizing surveys would permit higher-resolution risk mapping.
Partisan choices in a direct-democratic campaign

Ever since Lazarsfeld and his colleagues’ (1944) seminal study, it has become common wisdom that election campaigns, if anything, serve the activation of voters’ fundamental predispositions. However, disagreement emerges on the role of partisan orientations. Although some authors consider them as fundamental predispositions, which are activated during the campaign and subsequently act as filters for incoming information, others argue that party attachments are simple running tallies of political assessments, which are constantly updated in response to campaign events, or decision shortcuts for voters innocent of substantial information. In this study, we scrutinize the role of partisan orientations in a direct-democratic campaign using data from a panel survey fielded during the run-up to the 2006 Swiss asylum law referendum. We find that, as voters accumulate knowledge in the course of the campaign, vote intentions dramatically converge on pre-campaign partisan orientations. Moreover, voters, whose earlier issue-specific and partisan orientations collide, tend to resolve their ambivalence in favour of their partisan leanings. These results corroborate the view of partisanship as a fundamental predisposition.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Partial Sequences of Elongation Factor 1 a

no free-living stage and of all the insects are the most As a first attempt to use molecular data to resolve the relationships between the four suborders of lice and within the suborder Ischnocera, we sequenced a 347-bp fragment of the elongation factor 1a gene of 127 lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) as well as outgroup taxa from the order Psocoptera. A number of well-supported monophyletic groups were found but the relationships among many of these groups could not be resolved. While it is probable that multiple substitutions at high divergences and ancient radiation over a short period of time have contributed to the problem, we attribute most of this lack of resolution to the high ratio of taxa to characters. Nevertheless, the sequence data unequivocally support a number of important relationships that are at variance with the conclusions of morphological taxonomy. These include the sister group relationship of Chelopistes and Oxylipeurus, two lice occupying different ecological niches on the same host, which have previously been assigned to different families. These results provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that lice have speciated in situ on the host in response to niche specialization and that this has given rise to convergent morphologies in the lice of different host groups which share similar ecological niches. We discuss our attempts to overcome the limitations of this large data set, including the use of leaf stability analysis, a new method for analyzing the stability of taxa in a phylogenetic tree, and examine a number of hypotheses of relationships based on both traditional taxonomy and host associations. © 2001 Academic Press
Uplink capacity-delay trade-off in hybrid cellular D2D networks with user collaboration

Device-to-device (D2D) communications and open-access small cells can be leveraged to off-load delay-insensitive and cost-sensitive data from burdened cellular networks. The resulted system is called hybrid wireless networks, whose capacity and delay performance have been studied extensively under a popular information-theoretic framework called scaling law analysis. Most studies, however, do not take into account realistic aspects of interference accumulation and queuing delay, and therefore may lead to over-optimistic results. Moreover, focusing on the average measures, existing works fail to give finer-grain insights such as the distribution of delays. This paper proposes an alternative analytical framework based on queuing theoretic models and stochastic-geometry based physical interference models. This new framework allows us to fully characterize the delay distribution in the transform domain and pinpoint the impacts of user and base station densities, transmit power, user mobility, and packet size on the capacity-delay trade-off.
Does defence spending matter to employment in Taiwan

This paper investigates an important but neglected issue regarding the economic role of defence spending on employment in Taiwan. The study herein adopts official time series data of yearly defence spending, employment in the private sector, GDP, average monthly salary from 1966 to 2002, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to the cointegration proposed by Pesaran and Shin (1998) and Pesaran et al. (2001). The main finding of this study is that defence spending is able to benefit the employment situation in the long run, but damages employment in the short run, which is reasonable but different from the finding in Turkey provided by Yildirim and Sezgin (2003). In addition, the change in real GDP has a positive and significant influence on employment in both the short run and long run