Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk

Importance Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and educational outcomes. Objectives To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MDD (incident cases) in those at high familial risk and to postulate a theoretically informed model that enables simultaneous testing of different pathways to incident adolescent-onset MDD composed of contributions from familial/genetic and social risk factors, as well as effects via specific clinical antecedents. Design, Setting, and Participants This investigation was a 4-year longitudinal study (April 2007 to March 2011) among offspring of depressed parents in the general community. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2015, and May 27, 2016. Participants were 337 families in whom the index parent (315 mothers and 22 fathers) had experienced at least 2 episodes of MDD (recruited through primary care) and among whom there was a biologically related child in the age range of 9 to 17 years living with the index parent (197 girls and 140 boys with a mean [SD] age of 12.4 [2.0] years) at baseline. Offspring with MDD before the study or at baseline (n = 27), offspring with an episode of MDD that had remitted by follow-up (n = 4), and offspring with missing baseline MDD data (n = 2) were excluded. Ninety-two percent (279 of 304) of families completed the follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was new-onset offspring MDD, and the secondary outcome was the total DSM-IV MDD symptom score. Results On average, children and adolescents had a mean (SD) of 1.85 (1.74) (range, 0-8.5) DSM-IV symptoms of MDD at follow-up. Twenty (6 males and 14 females) had new-onset MDD, with a mean (SD) age at onset of 14.4 (2.0) years (range, 10-18 years). Irritability (&bgr; = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (&bgr; = 0.38, P < .001) were significant independent clinical antecedents of new adolescent-onset MDD, but disruptive behavior (&bgr; = −0.08, P = .14) and low mood (&bgr; = −0.03, P = .65) were not. The results were similar for the DSM-IV symptom count at follow-up. All the measured familial/genetic and social risk indicators directly influenced risk for new-onset MDD rather than indirectly through acting on dimensional clinical antecedents. Conclusions and Relevance There are multiple pathways to first-onset adolescent depression in individuals at familial risk. Irritability and fear/anxiety may be additional clinical phenomena to be included as targets in primary preventive interventions focusing on the child. In addition to targeting these phenomena in parents and children, depression prevention methods in high-risk groups may need to take into consideration social risks, such as poverty and psychosocial adversity.
Solving Large-Scale Sparse Semidefinite Programs for Combinatorial Optimization

We present a dual-scaling interior-point algorithm and show how it exploits the structure and sparsity of some large-scale problems. We solve the positive semidefinite relaxation of combinatorial and quadratic optimization problems subject to boolean constraints. We report the first computational results of interior-point algorithms for approximating maximum cut semidefinite programs with dimension up to 3,000.
Comparison of end/side scintillator readout with digital-SiPM for ToF PET

Side-readout of scintillation light from crystal elements in PET is an alternative to conventional end-readout configurations, with the benefit of being able to provide fine depth-of-interaction (DOI) information and good energy resolution while achieving excellent timing resolution required for time-of-flight PET. In this study, the performance of discrete LYSO scintillation elements read out from the end/side with digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPM) has been assessed. Compared to 3 × 3 × 20 mm3 LYSO crystals read out from their ends that gave a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 162 ± 7 ps FWHM and saturated energy spectra, a side-readout configuration achieved an excellent CRT of 144 ± 2 ps FWHM after correcting for timing skews within the dSiPM and an energy resolution of 11.8 ± 0.2% without requiring energy saturation correction. On the other hand, with smaller 3 × 3 × 5 mm3 LYSO crystals that can also be tiled/stacked to provide DOI information, a timing resolution of 134 ± 6 ps was attained but produced highly saturated energy spectra.
Significance of Blood Cadmium Concentrations in Patients with Renal Disorders or Essential Hypertension and the Normal Population

Summary Cadmium concentrations in whole blood have been determined in normal control subjects, in patients with untreated essential hypertension or with treated essential hypertension, and in those with acute or chronic renal disorders. High cadmium concentrations were not found in the patients with untreated essential hypertension. Most tobacco smokers were found to have high blood cadmium concentrations. When the mean cadmium concentrations from each group of patients were compared with those of the control subjects no significant differences were found. When the four groups were divided into smokers and non-smokers, however, a significantly higher mean value was found for the non-smoking renal patients in comparison with the non-smoking normal subjects. The marked increases in blood cadmium concentration in the patients with renal disorders may be attributed to impaired excretion.
Observations on Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

SUMMARY: Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin was isolated from a marine tank at Woods Hole, Mass. , U.S.A. It appeared to be identical with the Plymouth strain of ‘Nitzschia closterium forma minutissima’. Cells were of two characteristic types, oval and fusiform, each of which remained constant for many cell divisions in clonal culture. Triradiate cells arose rarely as atypical forms of the fusiform variety. Oval cells could arise as endospores within a fusiform cell. The transition from oval to fusiform was also studied, but details of the life cycle remain to be worked out. Electron micrographs showed the fusiform cells to be devoid of any organized siliceous structure, in agreement with previous observations. However, the oval cells were seen to possess a silica valve of a pennate diatom type, resembling those of the genus Cymbella. Only one valve was present on each cell, the remainder of the cell wall being unsilicified. The valve was 6·2μ. long, was equipped with a raphe, and was perforated by pores arranged in 60 striae. Oval and fusiform cells both contained approximately the same amount of silica (0·4–0·5% dry weight). In each case, most of this silica could be recovered as a particulate fraction resistant to digestion in hot nitric acid. The silica obtained from oval cells was in the form of diatom valves, whereas that from fusiform cells consisted of irregular particles clearly not derived from broken silica walls. Mucilaginous capsular material, soluble in hot water, represented 16% of the dry weight of oval cells; it was absent from fusiform cells. Acid hydrolysis and paper chromatography indicated xylose, mannose, fucose, and galactose as components of the capsule.
PREDICTING PLANETS IN KEPLER MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS

We investigate whether any multi-planet systems among Kepler candidates (2011 February release) can harbor additional terrestrial-mass planets or smaller bodies. We apply the packed planetary systems hypothesis that suggests all planetary systems are filled to capacity, and use a Hill stability criterion to identify eight two-planet systems with significant gaps between the innermost and outermost planets. For each of these systems, we perform long-term numerical integrations of 107 years to investigate the stability of 4000–8000 test particles injected into the gaps. We map out stability regions in orbital parameter space, and therefore quantify the ranges of semimajor axes and eccentricities of stable particles. Strong mean-motion resonances can add additional regions of stability in otherwise unstable parameter space. We derive simple expressions for the extent of the stability regions, which is related to quantities such as the dynamical spacing Δ, the separation between two planets in units of their mutual Hill radii. Our results suggest that planets with separation Δ < 10 are unlikely to host extensive stability regions, and that about 95 out of a total of 115 two-planet systems in the Kepler sample may have sizeable stability regions. We predict that Kepler candidate systems including KOI 433, KOI 72/Kepler-10, KOI 555, KOI 1596, KOI 904, KOI 223, KOI 1590, and KOI 139 can harbor additional planets or low-mass bodies between the inner and outer detected planets. These predicted planets may be detected by future observations.
[Determination of paeonol in rat plasma by HPLC and pharmacokinetic study].

OBJECTIVE To establish a sensitive HPLC method for determining the concentrations of paeonol in rat plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHOD The paeonol from eortex Moutan was distilled by the way of water-vapor. A single i.v. dose of 4 mg x kg(-1) paeonol injection was given to 5 health rats. Paeonol was separated on a Diamonsil -C18 column with methanol-water (60: 40)as mobile phase. The plasma concentrations of paeonol were determined and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and evaluated by using kinetica 4.0. RESULT The linear range of the method for paeonol was 0.204-20.4 mg x L(-1) and the determination limit was 0.204 mg x L(-1). The main pharmacokinetic parameters, such as AUC, MRT, C(max), Kel, t(1/2kel), after a single dose of paeonol injection were (111.88 +/- 14.44) mg x L(-1) x min(-1), (23.25 +/- 5.86) min, (8.99 +/- 0.84) mg x L(-1), (0.082 +/- 0.015) min(-1) and (8.73 +/- 1.54) min, respectively. CONCLUSION The HPLC method for determining paeonol concentration in plasma is simple, rapid, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.
Partial Discharge Detection Approach for a Medium Voltage Switchgear System

Partial Discharge detection techniques strive to ensure a safe and reliable power network by preventing power failure. In this work, electromagnetic sensing of partial discharge, in air-insulated medium voltage switchgear (Type D24-121114 of Driescher) is considered. The partial discharges are approximated by Gaussian sources. A versatile broadband sensor for detecting two major types of partial discharge was designed and optimized. The antenna has low return loss and high gain over the frequency band of corona discharge, 0.75-0.9 GHz and dry band arching, 1.25-1.4 GHz. The horn antenna is incorporated into the medium voltage switchgear for detecting partial discharges. The analysis of the electromagnetic field distributions generated by partial discharges in switchgear is coupled with the sensing efficiency of the horn antenna. The results indicate a good correlation between the intensity, location and frequency band of partial discharge and their sensing. This study provides the foundation for a dual band detection system of partial discharge in switchgear systems.
Potential for mixing in quantum chaos.

A study of time reversibility reveals that a quantum chaotic system manifests the same potential for mixing as its classical counterpart under the influence of externally applied noise. The quantum-chaotic system, however, reveals its own nature below a quite small «classicalization» threshold of noise intensity: In the case of the kicked rotor there exists a quite wide regime for which the mixing property is understood neither from classical dynamics nor from quantum perturbation theory. The relationship between such a curious behavior and the pure quantum evolution without the noise is elucidated
Frequency of cerebral vasospasm in patients treated with endovascular occlusion of intracranial aneurysms.

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare a group of 19 patients treated with craniotomy and aneurysmal clipping with a group of 18 patients who were treated via endovascular occlusion with Guglielmi detachable coils in regard to frequency and severity of cerebral vasospasm. METHODS All patients were treated within 48 hours of ictus. In the endovascular group, nine patients had Hunt and Hess grade I subarachnoid hemorrhage, five patients had grade II aneurysms, and four patients had grade III. According to the Fisher classification, one aneurysm was grade I, nine were grade II, and eight were grade III. Twelve of the aneurysms were on the anterior circulation and seven were on the posterior circulation. In the surgical group, 10 patients had Hunt and Hess grade I hemorrhage, seven had grade II aneurysms, and two had grade III. Nine of these were Fisher grade II and 10 were grade III. Eighteen aneurysms were on the anterior circulation and one was on the posterior circulation. Endovascularly treated patients were medically treated identically to those in the surgical group, with prophylactic volume expansion and hemodilution immediately after endovascular occlusion, except that they also received 48 hours of full heparinization followed by 24 hours of dextran infusion after endovascular occlusion. RESULTS All four patients in the endovascular group in whom delayed neurologic deficits developed as a result of vasospasm responded to elevation of blood pressure and did not require either mechanical or chemical angioplasty to reverse their symptomatology. In the surgical group, 14 of 19 developed clinical vasospasm, with elevation of their transcranial Doppler velocities, and required maximum triple-H (hypertensive, hypervolemic, hemodilutional) therapy. Three of these patients required mechanical and pharmacologic angioplasty. No surgical complications were incurred as a direct result of the craniotomy. One patient in the endovascular group developed a femoral pseudoaneurysm as a complication of the procedure and postocclusion anticoagulation. No thromboembolic events were noted in this group. CONCLUSION In patients with similar Hunt and Hess grades and Fisher grades, preliminary data suggest that the frequency and severity of cerebral vasospasm may be reduced in those treated by endovascular occlusion of their aneurysm as compared with those treated by direct surgical clipping.
Neurochemical Characteristics of a Novel Dorsal Root Ganglion X Neuroblastoma Hybrid Cell Line, F‐11

Abstract: We investigated the properties of the novel dorsal root ganglion (DRG) hybrid cell line F‐11 to see how closely these cells resembled normal DRG cells. Under normal growth conditions, F‐11 cells appeared to contain several short neurite‐like processes. However, these cells could also be grown under conditions in which they showed a much more extensive neuronal morphology, exhibiting many long neurites. Several differentiated features of DRG cells were present on F‐11 cells. These included the presence of δ5‐opioid receptors, receptors for prostaglandins and brady‐kinin, and dihydropyridine‐sensitive calcium channels. F‐11 cells also synthesized and released a substance P‐Iike compound, as determined by immunoreactivity. Both the number of bradykinin receptors and the voltage‐sensitive calcium influx increased on cell differentiation. Opioid agonists (δ‐specificity) were found to decrease cyclic AMP levels in F‐l 1 cells in a naloxone‐ and pertussis toxin‐reversible fashion. Bradykinin stimulated the synthesis of inositol‐1,4‐bisphosphate and inositol‐1,4,5‐trisphosphate. Ca2+ channel agonists stimulated voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ influx in a dose‐dependent, stereospecific manner, whereas Ca2+ channel antagonists inhibited Ca2+ influx. F‐ll cells should, therefore, prove useful as models for authentic DRG neurons.
Critical factors in the biology of human cancer metastasis: twenty-eighth G.H.A. Clowes memorial award lecture.

The process of metastasis is not random. Rather, it consists of a series of linked, sequential steps that must be completed by tumor cells if a metastasis is to develop. Although some of the steps in this process contain stochastic elements, as a whole, metastasis favors the survival and growth of a few subpopulations of cells that preexist within the parent neoplasm. Moreover, metastases can have a clonal origin, and different metastases can originate from the proliferation of single cells. The outcome of metastasis depends on the interaction of metastatic cells with different organ environments. Organ-specific metastases have been demonstrated in a variety of experimental tumor systems. Moreover, we have found tumor growth that is specific to a particular site within one organ. Whether the same conclusions can be reached for human cancers remained unanswered until very recently. Studies from our laboratory and from others have shown that the implantation of human cancer cells derived from surgical specimens into correct anatomical sites of nude mice can provide a suitable model of metastasis of human tumors. Clonal analysis of a human renal carcinoma, colon carcinomas, and melanomas has revealed that these tumors are indeed heterogeneous for metastatic properties, an observation made only after orthotopic implantation. Thus, growth in the environment of specific organs can be selective and the environment per se influences this process. While it is clear that vascularity and local immunity can facilitate or retard tumor growth, we have concentrated on understanding how damage to an organ and the subsequent repair process can facilitate tumor cell proliferation. Accelerated growth of human colon cancer cells was found in hepatectomized nude mice, whereas accelerated growth of human renal cancer cells was found in nephrectomized nude mice. These data suggest that systemic physiological signals can be recognized by neoplastic cells presumably by mechanisms similar to those shared by their normal cell counterparts. In summary, the critical factors that regulate metastasis are the intrinsic properties of metastatic cells and host factors involved in homeostasis. The recent increase in our understanding of metastasis should provide important leads for developing more effective approaches to the treatment of disseminated cancer.
Physical Activity Transitions and Chronic Disease

The 20th century in the United States has experienced a dramatic increase in life expectancy among adult men and women, an increase unprecedented in the history of this country. As a result, the pattern of disease and conditions most responsible for death in the United States shifted during the past century from infectious diseases and unintentional injuries to the current array of the leading causes of mortality dominated by the chronic diseases. During this same period, daily lifestyle dramatically shifted from a life full of active living to one of inactivity. The argument has been made that in the case of human beings, there has been little or no change in our genotype within the past 50 years. However, there have been major changes documented in the living environment among economically developed societies during this same time period. Through the collection of epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental findings, evidence suggests that physical inactivity is associated with the onset of chronic diseases of our day. Trends in physical inactivity, evident through the monitoring of transport, recreation, sport, and purposeful activity, have demonstrated that the current lifestyle of the 21st century has contributed substantially to the chronic disease burden in the United States and elsewhere. By addressing the domains that influence physical activity behaviors including the environment (both physical and social/cultural), health systems access, and behavioral correlates of physical activity and inactivity, the current chronic disease crisis potentially can be addressed.
Achievable Throughput of Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio Networks

We consider energy harvesting cognitive radio networks to improve both energy efficiency and spectral efficiency. The goal of this paper is to analyze the theoretically achievable throughput of the secondary transmitter, which harvests energy from ambient sources or wireless power transfer systems while opportunistically accessing the spectrum licensed to the primary network. By modeling the temporal correlation of the primary traffic according to a time-homogeneous discrete Markov process, we derive the upper bound on the achievable throughput as a function of the energy arrival rate, the temporal correlation of the primary traffic, and the detection threshold for a spectrum sensor. The optimal detection threshold is then derived to maximize the upper bound on the achievable throughput under an energy causality constraint and a collision constraint. The energy causality constraint mandates that the total consumed energy should not exceed the total harvested energy, while the collision constraint is required to protect the primary network from secondary transmission. Analytical results show the temporal correlation of the primary traffic to enable efficient usage of the harvested energy by preventing the secondary transmitter from accessing the spectrum that may be occupied by the primary network.
Improving collaborative filtering's rating prediction quality in dense datasets, by pruning old ratings

In this paper, we introduce a pruning algorithm which removes aged user ratings from the rating database used by collaborative filtering algorithms, in order to (1) improve prediction quality and (2) minimize the rating database size, as well as the rating prediction generation time. The proposed algorithm needs no extra information concerning the items' characteristics (e.g. categories that they belong to or attributes' values) and can be used with all rating databases that include a timestamp. Furthermore, we propose and validate a method for identifying the most prominent combination of a pruning algorithm and a pruning level for datasets, allowing thus to perform the selection of pruning algorithm and pruning level in an unsupervised fashion.
Caregiver health literacy: a pediatric perspective

Inadequate health literacy affects 9 out of 10 English speaking Americans creating substantial barriers that contribute to disparities within the health care context. In adults, health illiteracy is associated with increased emergency room visits and difficulty managing chronic disease. While this relationship is established for adults, the effect on pediatric patients is not well studied. Through review of currently published studies, this thesis will examine the hypothesis that low parental health literacy increases adverse outcomes in children. Gaining a better understanding of this relationship will illuminate the necessity for supportive programs to supplement patient care. Lack of a cohesive definition and measuring tool of health literacy are pivotal aspects of the current challenges in this field of research. Ultimately, discussion and collaboration amongst health care professionals, policy makers, organizations, patients and communities will lead to advancements to reduce health illiteracy in caregivers creating healthier futures for American children.