Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
How Grids Matter – Energy-Aware Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper addresses the issue of the energyawareness and interference in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). We adopt a 2-dimensional grid clustering mechanism, in which cluster-heads are rotated evenly among all sensor nodes. In addition to transmitting and receiving packets within the electrical and amplification circuit, extra energy is needed in the retransmission of packets due to interference. Our analysis shows that the total energy consumed in the network is directly related to the grid structure, which decides the transmission range based on cluster size. By analysis and simulation, we find that there is an optimal grid structure that balances between energy conservation and interference resolution in wireless sensor networks. Wireless Sensor Networks, Grid, energy consumption, interference, packet loss 无线传感器网络中基于网格的能量感知路由协议研究 摘要:针对无线传感器网络中节点能量有限及数据传输 干扰的问题,考虑到节点除了在传输和接收数据过程中消 耗能量,在干扰重传时也需要消耗额外的能量,本文采用 二维网格分簇和簇头轮换机制,并通过分析得出网络总能 耗与网格结构直接相关的结论。 通过仿真实验,权衡考虑 高效能耗和干扰重传,提出了在无线传感器网络中优化的 网格结构。 关键词:无线传感器网络,网格,能量消耗,干扰,丢 包
Bandwidth reconfigurable bandstop filter using planar EBG structure

In this paper, bandwidth reconfigurable bandstop filter using uni-planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure is proposed. Bandstop filter is fabricated by loading microstrip transmission line with periodic uni-planar EBG structure. The loaded EBG cells are not connected to each other, with and without connecting EBG cells the bandwidth of the stop band is varied. The PIN diodes are used to connect and disconnect the EBG cells. The measured 10-dB bandwidth of the stop band in the on state is from 6.41 GHz to 7.33 GHz and in the off state is from 6.84 GHz to 7.47 GHz, 290 MHz change in bandwidth is achieved.
Dietary Patterns in Relation to General and Central Obesity among Adults in Southwest China

Dietary patterns represent a broader picture of food consumption, and are better correlated with a variety of health outcomes. However, few studies have been conducted to explore the associations between dietary patterns and obesity in Southwest China. Data from the 2010–2012 National Nutrition Survey in the province of Yunnan, Southwest China, were analyzed (n = 1604, aged 18–80 years). Dietary data were collected using the 24 h dietary recall over three consecutive days. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured following standard methods. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Logistic regression was used to explore the association between dietary patterns and obesity. Three distinct dietary patterns were identified, which were labeled as traditional, modern, and tuber according to their key components. With potential confounders adjusted, adults in the highest quartile of the modern pattern were at higher risk of general and central obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–3.48; OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.37–2.93). In contrast, adults in the highest quartile of the tuber pattern were at lower risk of general and central obesity (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.61; OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43–0.95) but at higher risk of underweight (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.20–6.45). No significant association was found between the traditional pattern and obesity. Moreover, dietary pattern differences occurred due to the differences in socio-demographic characteristics. In conclusion, the modern dietary pattern was positively, and the tuber pattern negatively, associated with general and central obesity among adults in Southwest China.
Conditioned Medium Obtained from Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Prevents Activation of Keloid Fibroblasts

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells are a valuable cell source in regenerative medicine, and conditioned medium obtained from mesenchymal stem cells reportedly inhibits inflammation. Keloids are characterized by abnormal fibrosis, caused by fibroblasts in response to inflammation. In this study, the authors evaluated whether conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppressed activation of keloid fibroblasts. Methods: Keloid (n = 7), mature (n = 5), and normal (n = 5) fibroblasts were harvested from patients. Fibroblasts were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-&bgr;, and the effects of conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells on cell proliferation, activation, and expression of extracellular matrix–related genes were analyzed. The effect of concentrating the conditioned medium by ultrafiltration on fibroblast activation was also analyzed. Results: Conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly up-regulated proliferation of mature fibroblasts but tended to suppress that of keloid fibroblasts. Conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly suppressed the TGF-&bgr;–induced up-regulation of &agr;-smooth muscle actin in keloid and normal fibroblasts and collagen I in keloid fibroblasts, but not in mature fibroblasts. The conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells concentrated by ultrafiltration and the filtrate significantly suppressed TGF-&bgr;–induced &agr;-smooth muscle actin expression. Conclusion: Conditioned medium obtained from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevents proliferation and activation of keloid fibroblasts and is a promising keloid treatment for administration as a topical agent. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
The impact of spirituality before and after treatment of major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to assess spirituality in depressed patients and evaluate whether the degree of initial depressive symptoms and response to pharmacotherapy treatment has a correlation with degree of spirituality and belief in God. METHODS Our participants included 84 patients who presented to a depression/anxiety clinic for naturalistic treatment of their depressive illness over the course of two years. All patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision criteria for major depression, as confirmed by structured interviews using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, and were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for eight weeks. MEASUREMENTS Patients were evaluated at baseline and after treatment using the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, and the Spiritual Orientation to Life scale. RESULTS At baseline, patients reporting greater spirituality had significantly lower measures of hopelessness, dysfunctional attitudes, and depressive symptoms. Those who believed in God had a greater mean change score than those who did not on the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, with the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale showing the greatest mean change score. Significant correlations were detected between the Spiritual Orientation to Life scale score and the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale pre-scores, post-scores, and change scores. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that greater spirituality is associated with less severe depression. Moreover, the degree to which the measures of depressive symptom severity, hopelessness, and cognitive distortions improved over the course of eight weeks was significantly greater for those patients who were more spiritual.
Autonomous learning multi-model classifier of 0-Order (ALMMo-0)

In this paper, a new type of 0-order multi-model classifier, called Autonomous Learning Multiple-Model (ALMMo-0), is proposed. The proposed classifier is non-iterative, feedforward and entirely data-driven. It automatically extracts the data clouds from the data per class and forms 0-order AnYa type fuzzy rule-based (FRB) sub-classifier for each class. The classification of new data is done using the “winner takes all” strategy according to the scores of confidence generated objectively based on the mutual distribution and ensemble properties of the data by the sub-classifiers. Numerical examples based on benchmark datasets demonstrate the high performance and computation-efficiency of the proposed classifier.
3-D Reciprocal Collision Avoidance on Physical Quadrotor Helicopters with On-Board Sensing for Relative Positioning

In this paper, we present an implementation of 3-D reciprocal collision avoidance on real quadrotor helicopters where each quadrotor senses the relative position and velocity of other quadrotors using an on-board camera. We show that using our approach, quadrotors are able to successfully avoid pairwise collisions in GPS and motion-capture denied environments, without communication between the quadrotors, and even when human operators deliberately attempt to induce collisions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that reciprocal collision avoidance has been successfully implemented on real robots where each agent independently observes the others using on-board sensors. We theoretically analyze the response of the collision-avoidance algorithm to the violated assumptions by the use of real robots. We quantitatively analyze our experimental results. A particularly striking observation is that at times the quadrotors exhibit "reciprocal dance" behavior, which is also observed when humans move past each other in constrained environments. This seems to be the result of sensing uncertainty, which causes both robots involved to have a different belief about the relative positions and velocities and, as a result, choose the same side on which to pass.
A Replica-Driving Technique for High Performance SC Circuits and Pipelined ADC Design

This paper proposes a replica-driving technique that can be applied to implement low-power high-performance switched-capacitor (SC) amplifiers. The reduced swing range problem arising from the output-stage source-follower is resolved by a simple SC level shifter, without additional supply or static buffer. The output driving capability is enhanced by using a capacitively-controlled class-AB output stage. Owing to the high-speed open-loop output driving, the reference driver does not require any bypass capacitor. A prototype 12 bit 150 MS/s pipelined ADC was designed for concept proof in a 65 nm CMOS process. The ADC core consumes 75.6 mW at a 1.2 V supply. The measured DNL and INL are 0.5 LSB and 1.5 LSB, respectively. The SNDR and SFDR are 58.2 dB and 73.6 dB at 150 MS/s with an 8.3 MHz input.
Diagnostic reliability of mandibular second molar maturation in the identification of the mandibular growth peak: A longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the diagnostic reliability of mandibular second molar maturation in assessing the mandibular growth peak using a longitudinal design. MATERIALS AND METHODS From the files of the Burlington and Oregon growth studies, 40 subjects (20 from each collection, 20 males and 20 females) with at least seven annual lateral cephalograms taken from 9 to 16 years were included. Mandibular second molar maturation was assessed according to Demirjian et al., and mandibular growth was defined as annual increments of Co-Gn distance. A full diagnostic reliability analysis (including positive likelihood ratio) was performed to establish the diagnostic reliability of dental stages E, F, and (pooled) GH in identifying the imminent mandibular growth peak. RESULTS None of the dental maturation stages reliably identified the mandibular growth peak with greatest overall mean accuracy and positive likelihood ratio of 0.77 (stage F) and 2.7 (stage E), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Use of the mandibular second molar maturation is not recommended for planning treatment requiring identification of the mandibular growth peak.
Suitability of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for Economic Evaluation: An Assessment of Its Convergent and Discriminant Validity

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the suitability for use within economic evaluation of a widely used sleep-related instrument (the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) by examining its convergent and discriminant validity with two widely used generic preference-based instruments (Short-Form 36 [SF-36] and the Assessment of Quality of Life 4 dimensions [AQoL-4D]). Methods: Data from a cross-section of 2,236 community-dwelling Australian men were analyzed. Convergent validity was investigated using Spearman’s correlation, intraclass correlation, and modified Bland-Altman plots, while discriminant validity was examined using Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: All instruments showed good discriminant validity. The ESS was weakly correlated to the Short Form 6 dimension, or SF-6D (derived from the SF-36) and AQoL-4D utilities (r = 0.20 and r = 0.19, respectively). Correlations between ESS and SF-36/AQoL-4D dimensions measuring the same construct were all in the hypothesized directions but also weak (range of absolute r = 0.00 to 0.18). The level of agreement between the ESS and AQoL-4D was the weakest, followed by that between the ESS and SF-6D. Moderate convergent validity was seen between the utilities. Conclusions: The lack of convergent validity between the ESS and the preference-based instruments shows that sleep-related constructs are not captured by the latter. The ESS has, however, demonstrated good discriminant validity comparable to that of the AQoL-4D and the SF-36/SF-6D and would therefore be equally useful for measuring subgroup differences within economic evaluation. We therefore recommend using the ESS within cost-effectiveness analysis as a complement to preference-based instruments in order to capture sleep-specific constructs not measured by the latter.
A Nonparametric Surrogate-Based Test of Significance for T-Wave Alternans Detection

We present a nonparametric adaptive surrogate test that allows for the differentiation of statistically significant T-wave alternans (TWA) from alternating patterns that can be solely explained by the statistics of noise. The proposed test is based on estimating the distribution of noise-induced alternating patterns in a beat sequence from a set of surrogate data derived from repeated reshuffling of the original beat sequence. Thus, in assessing the significance of the observed alternating patterns in the data, no assumptions are made about the underlying noise distribution. In addition, since the distribution of noise-induced alternans magnitudes is calculated separately for each sequence of beats within the analysis window, the method is robust to data nonstationarities in both noise and TWA. The proposed surrogate method for rejecting noise was compared to the standard noise-rejection methods used with the spectral method (SM) and the modified moving average (MMA) techniques. Using a previously described realistic multilead model of TWA and real physiological noise, we demonstrate the proposed approach that reduces false TWA detections while maintaining a lower missed TWA detection, compared with all the other methods tested. A simple averaging-based TWA estimation algorithm was coupled with the surrogate significance testing and was evaluated on three public databases: the Normal Sinus Rhythm Database, the Chronic Heart Failure Database, and the Sudden Cardiac Death Database. Differences in TWA amplitudes between each database were evaluated at matched heart rate (HR) intervals from 40 to 120 beats per minute (BPM). Using the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, we found that significant differences in TWA levels exist between each patient group at all decades of HRs. The most-marked difference was generally found at higher HRs, and the new technique resulted in a larger margin of separability between patient populations than when the SM or MMA were applied to the same data.
Coevolutionary Constraints? The Environment Alters Tripartite Interaction Traits in a Legume

Third party species, which interact with one or both partners of a pairwise species interaction, can shift the ecological costs and the evolutionary trajectory of the focal interaction. Shared genes that mediate a host’s interactions with multiple partners have the potential to generate evolutionary constraints, making multi-player interactions critical to our understanding of the evolution of key interaction traits. Using a field quantitative genetics approach, we studied phenotypic and genetic correlations among legume traits for rhizobium and herbivore interactions in two light environments. Shifts in plant biomass allocation mediated negative phenotypic correlations between symbiotic nodule number and herbivory in the field, whereas positive genetic covariances suggested shared genetic pathways between nodulation and herbivory response. Trait variance-covariance (G) matrices were not equal in sun and shade, but nevertheless responses to independent and correlated selection are expected to be similar in both environments. Interactions between plants and aboveground antagonists might alter the evolutionary potential of traits mediating belowground mutualisms (and vice versa). Thus our understanding of legume-rhizobium genetics and coevolution may be incomplete without a grasp of how these networks overlap with other plant interactions.
Helicobacter heilmannii gastritis caused by cat to child transmission.

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis in adults and children. Recently, another microorganism within the Helicobacter species has been described causing gastritis: H. heilmannii, formerly known as Gastrospirillum hominis (1–5). H. heilmannii infection rarely affects children: an overall incidence of H. heilmannii gastritis in children of 0.3% to 0.4% has been described (6,7). However, in domestic cats and dogs the frequency of H. heilmannii infection is as high as 80% to 100% (8–10). Therefore, H. heilmannii infection has been postulated to be a zoonosis (1,11), especially since humans with this infection often live in close contact with animals. Proof of this hypothesis is lacking so far. Here we present a 5-year-old boy with H. heilmannii gastritis, and demonstrate by sequence analysis that the causative H. heilmannii strain was also present in both of his cats. Given the incidence of H. heilmannii infection in humans and cats, we propose that our patient was infected by one of his cats.
Automatic recognition of film genres

Film genres in digital video can be detected automatically. In a three-step approach we analyze first the syntactic properties of digital films: color statistics, cut detection, camera motion, object motion and audio. In a second step we use these statistics to derive at a more abstract level film style attributes such as camera panning and zooming, speech and music. These are distinguishing properties for film genres, e.g. newscasts vs. sports vs. commercials. In the third and final step we map the detected style attributes to film genres. Algorithms for the three steps are presented in detail, and we report on initial experience with real videos. It is our goal to automatically classify the large body of existing video for easier access in digital video-on-demand databases.
Algorithm 777: HOMPACK90: a suite of Fortran 90 codes for globally convergent homotopy algorithms

HOMPACK90 is a Fortran 90 version of the Fortran 77 package HOMPACK (Algorithm 652), a collection of codes for finding zeros or fixed points of nonlinear systems using globally convergent probability-one homotopy algorithms. Three qualitatively different algorithms— ordinary differential equation based, normal flow, quasi-Newton augmented Jacobian matrix—are provided for tracking homotopy zero curves, as well as separate routines for dense and sparse Jacobian matrices. A high level driver for the special case of polynomial systems is also provided. Changes to HOMPACK include numerous minor improvements, simpler and more elegant interfaces, use of modules, new end games, support for several sparse matrix data structures, and new iterative algorithms for large sparse Jacobian matrices.
Q-CSMA: Queue-Length-Based CSMA/CA Algorithms for Achieving Maximum Throughput and Low Delay in Wireless Networks

Recently, it has been shown that carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA)-type random access algorithms can achieve the maximum possible throughput in ad hoc wireless networks. However, these algorithms assume an idealized continuous-time CSMA protocol where collisions can never occur. In addition, simulation results indicate that the delay performance of these algorithms can be quite bad. On the other hand, although some simple heuristics (such as greedy maximal scheduling) can yield much better delay performance for a large set of arrival rates, in general they may only achieve a fraction of the capacity region. In this paper, we propose a discrete-time version of the CSMA algorithm. Central to our results is a discrete-time distributed randomized algorithm that is based on a generalization of the so-called Glauber dynamics from statistical physics, where multiple links are allowed to update their states in a single timeslot. The algorithm generates collision-free transmission schedules while explicitly taking collisions into account during the control phase of the protocol, thus relaxing the perfect CSMA assumption. More importantly, the algorithm allows us to incorporate heuristics that lead to very good delay performance while retaining the throughput-optimality property.
Process Diagnostics: A Method Based on Process Mining

As organizations change, their information systems can evolve from simple systems to complex systems, which are hard to understand, and therefore hard to maintain or extend. Process mining can help organizations in trying to understand the information systems by analyzing the system.In this paper we propose a methodology to perform process diagnostics, based on process mining. Given an event log of an information system within an organization, process diagnostics gives a broad overview of the organization's process(es) within a short period of time. In the process diagnostics methodology, several perspectives of the process are highlighted. The outcome covers the control flow perspective, the performance perspective and the organizational perspective. We used the methodology on a case study for a Dutch governmental organization.
Formalizing the Semantics of Modular DEVS Models with Temporal Logic

RESUME : Control Theory researchers have been using DEVS models to formalize discrete event systems for a long time (Zeigler 1976) but, despite such systems are one of the main targets of Software Engineers, the DEVS formalism has not been used and it is hardly known by the formal methods community of Computer Science. This paper is a second attempt to close the gap between these communities by setting the rules to translate modular coupled DEVS models into TLA+ specifications. TLA+ (Lamport 2002) is a widely known formalism, used by formal methods researchers and practitioners, to specify –hardware or software based– reactive or concurrent systems. The paper includes the translation into TLA+ of three atomic DEVS models and a modular coupled model, which all together constitute a typical case study.