Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ARGUMENTAÇÃO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE OPORTUNIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM EM AULAS DE CIÊNCIAS

En este articulo, analizamos eventos que tienen argumentacion no planeada en clases de ciencias en una clase de Educacion de Jovenes y Adultos (EJA). Investigamos cual era la diversidad de practicas argumentativas y cuales eran las oportunidades de aprendizaje generadas en el contexto de eventos relacionados a la argumentacion. Las principales fuentes de datos fueran videos de las clases de ciencias y notas de campo. Nuestros analisis fueron desarrollados basados en la adaptacion de la teoria de la argumentacion pragma-dialectica y de la etnografia en educacion. Las maneras de argumentar son diversas, en relacion a como: i) emergen varios desacuerdos para resolver un desacuerdo inicial; e ii) los participantes sostienen puntos de vista. Hay indicios de que, en eses eventos, hay articulacion entre participacion en la argumentacion y oportunidades de aprendizaje de practicas cientificas, conocimientos conceptuales y sobre ciencias. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para la ensenanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias y para el desarrollo de metodologias de estudio de la argumentacion.
A Role-Based Resource Management Approach for Emergency Organizations

Role-based resource management in emergency organizations' operative work focuses on allocating roles to the right persons during emergency operations. Role-based resource management is knowledge-intensive work of commanding officers, in which information systems are expected to support the processes efficiently. Based on our ethnographic field research of emergency organizations' operative work, a need for establishing a common role-based resource management approach has emerged. In this work we propose a role-based resource management approach to operative work in emergency organizations which 1) covers different phases of resource management, 2) describes their interdependencies, and 3) identifies the information needs of different phases. This approach has implications for both designing information systems and organizations' operative models. Its benefits include the ability to develop a real-time resource view, better allocation of right persons to handle the right roles, improved common practices, and understanding better the resourcing capabilities of other organizations.
Hippocampal Neurogenesis Leads to the Erasure of a Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference

Newborn neurons are generated in the hippocampus during adulthood. Little is known however about the functional role of these new neurons. Previous research proposed that ongoing neurogenesis clears established memories from the hippocampus (Frankland et al., 2013). Consistent with this, we recently found that high rates of neurogenesis induce forgetting of hippocampus-dependent spatial and fear memories (Akers et al., 2014). These tasks were all aversively-motivated. To test whether neurogenesis-mediated forgetting generalizes to appetitively-motivated, hippocampus-dependent memories, here we used a cocaine place preference paradigm. We found that increasing neurogenesis (by voluntary exercise) before training did not impact the acquisition of cocaine place preference. However, increasing hippocampal neurogenesis after training weakened an established cocaine place preference memory. This series of studies provides insight to the temporal impact of neurogenesis and suggests a possible link between exercise and memory functioning.
Live 3D shape reconstruction, recognition and registration

We present a video-based system which interactively captures the geometry of a 3D object in the form of a point cloud, then recognizes and registers known objects in this point cloud in a matter of seconds (fig. 1). In order to achieve interactive speed, we exploit both efficient inference algorithms and parallel computation, often on a GPU. The system can be broken down into two distinct phases: geometry capture, and object inference. We now discuss these in further detail.
Why Gratitude Enhances Well-Being: What We Know, What We Need to Know

Gratitude is held in high esteem by virtually everyone, at all times, in all places. From ancient religious scriptures through modern social science research, gratitude is advanced as a desirable human characteristic with the capacity for making life better for oneself and for others. Though gratitude is associated with pleasantness and highly desirable life outcomes, it is certainly not an easy or automatic response to life situations. Resentment and entitlement often seem to come naturally. Individual personality fl aws such as neuroticism or narcissism make it diffi cult to recognize the positive contributions of others. The very fact that gratitude is a virtue suggests that it must be deliberately cultivated. Like any virtue, it must be taught, or at least modeled, and practiced regularly, until it becomes, in an Aristotelian sense, a habit of character. A grateful person is one who is prone to react to the goodness of others in a benevolent and receptive fashion, reciprocating kindness when opportunities arise. The grateful person has been able to overcome tendencies to take things for granted, to feel entitled to the benefi ts they have received, and to take sole credit for all of their advantages in life. They are able to gladly recognize the contributions that others have made to their well-being. Further, they are able to discern when it is appropriate to express gratitude and are not overly concerned with exacting gratitude from those whom they benefi t. What have we learned about gratitude and the grateful personality? First, a defi nition: Gratitude is an acknowledgment that we have received something of value from others. It arises from a posture of openness to others, where we are able to gladly recognize their benevolence. Societies through the ages have long extolled the benefi ts of gratitude, and classical writings have deemed it the “greatest of the virtues. ” But only recently has psychological theory and research on gratitude begun to catch up with philosophical commendations. In the fi rst part of this chapter, we review research on gratitude and positive human functioning. First, we briefl y consider the research on gratitude and well-being. After a consideration of this evidence, we explore the mechanisms by which gratitude enhances wellbeing. We consider several explanations and evaluate the empirical evidence for each. In the latter part of the chapter, we establish an agenda for the future by considering some ways in 16
The adoption of "silver" e-Health technologies: first hints on technology acceptance factors for elderly in Italy

Our study aims to reveal the factors (and their antecedents) affecting the adoption of technologies for health by senior citizen. In order to achieve a greater generalizability, our model is tested in relation to 4 types of technologies and in different cultural settings. Our research was developed according with a revised TAM model for silver citizens, where most of the variables are derived from an extensive literature review. Primary data were collected in a sample of Italian senior citizens and a Structural Equation Model was built and tested in order to analyze technology adoption in the aged population. Both external variables and social norms were found to be highly effective in explaining perceptions on technologies and adoption strategies.
The equilibrium partition function and base pair binding probabilities for RNA secondary structure

A novel application of dynamic programming to the folding problem for RNA enables one to calculate the full equilibrium partition function for secondary structure and the probabilities of various substructures. In particular, both the partition function and the probabilities of all base pairs are computed by a recursive scheme of polynomial order N3 in the sequence length N. The temperature dependence of the partition function gives information about melting behavior for the secondary structure. The pair binding probabilities, the computation of which depends on the partition function, are visually summarized in a “box matrix” display and this provides a useful tool for examining the full ensemble of probable alternative equilibrium structures. The calculation of this ensemble representation allows a proper application and assessment of the predictive power of the secondary structure method, and yields important information on alternatives and intermediates in addition to local information about base pair opening and slippage.
Computational design of wind-up toys

Wind-up toys are mechanical assemblies that perform intriguing motions driven by a simple spring motor. Due to the limited motor force and small body size, wind-up toys often employ higher pair joints of less frictional contacts and connector parts of nontrivial shapes to transfer motions. These unique characteristics make them hard to design and fabricate as compared to other automata. This paper presents a computational system to aid the design of wind-up toys, focusing on constructing a compact internal wind-up mechanism to realize user-requested part motions. Our key contributions include an analytical modeling of a wide variety of elemental mechanisms found in common wind-up toys, including their geometry and kinematics, conceptual design of wind-up mechanisms by computing motion transfer trees to realize the requested part motions, automatic construction of wind-up mechanisms by connecting multiple elemental mechanisms, and an optimization on the part and joint geometry with an objective of compacting the mechanism, reducing its weight, and avoiding collision. We use our system to design wind-up toys of various forms, fabricate a number of them using 3D printing, and show the functionality of various results.
CD4+ T-Cell-Dependent Reduction in Hepatitis C Virus-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Coinfection With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to lower rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance after acute infection, higher HCV viremia, and accelerated progression of HCV-related fibrosis. The mechanisms underlying this acceleration of HCV progression by HIV are poorly understood, but HIV-induced dysfunction in the anti-HCV humoral immune response may play a role. METHODS To define the effect of HIV coinfection on the anti-HCV antibody response, we measured anti-HCV envelope binding antibody titers, neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers, and nAb breadth of serum from HCV-infected subjects isolated longitudinally before and after incident HIV infection. RESULTS A significant reduction in HCV envelope-specific binding antibody and nAb titers was detected in subjects with CD4(+) T-cell counts <350/mm(3) after HIV infection, and subjects with CD4(+) T-cell counts <200/mm(3) also showed a reduction in nAb breadth. Subjects who maintained CD4(+) T-cell counts ≥350/mm(3) displayed little to no decline in antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Depletion of CD4(+) T cells by HIV infection results in a global decline in the anti-HCV envelope antibody response, including binding antibody titers, nAb titers, and nAb breadth.
Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Apoptotic Response of Macrophages to Yersinia Infection

ABSTRACT Macrophages encode several Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize bacterial components, such as lipoproteins (TLR2) or lipopolysaccharides (TLR4), and activate multiple signaling pathways. Activation of transcription factor NF-κB by TLR2 or TLR4 signaling promotes proinflammatory and cell survival responses. Alternatively, TLR2 or TLR4 signaling can promote apoptosis if the activation of NF-κB is blocked. The gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis secretes into macrophages a protease (YopJ) that inhibits the activation of NF-κB and promotes apoptosis. We show that primary macrophages expressing constitutively active inhibitor κB kinase β (IKKβ) are completely resistant to YopJ-dependent apoptosis, indicating that YopJ inhibits signaling upstream of IKKβ. Apoptosis is reduced two- to threefold in TLR4−/− macrophages infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis, while the apoptotic response of TLR2−/− macrophages to Y. pseudotuberculosis infection is equivalent to that of wild-type macrophages. Therefore, TLR4 is the primary source of apoptotic signaling in Yersinia-infected macrophages. Our results also show that a small percentage of macrophages can die as a result of an apoptotic process that is YopJ dependent but does not require TLR2 or TLR4 signaling.
A Finite Newton Algorithm for Non-degenerate Piecewise Linear Systems

We investigate Newton-type optimization methods for solving piecewise linear systems (PLS) with non-degenerate coefficient matrix. Such systems arise, for example, from the numerical solution of linear complementarity problem which is useful to model several learning and optimization problems. In this paper, we propose an effective damped Newton method, namely PLSDN, to find the exact solution of non-degenerate PLS. PLS-DN exhibits provable semi-iterative property, i.e., the algorithm converges globally to the exact solution in a finite number of iterations. The rate of convergence is shown to be at least linear before termination. We emphasize the applications of our method to modeling, from a novel perspective of PLS, several statistical learning problems such as elitist Lasso, non-negative least squares and support vector machines. Numerical results on synthetic and benchmark data sets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of PLS-DN on these problems.
Task Allocation for Maximizing Reliability of Distributed Computer Systems

For distributed systems, system reliability is defined as the probability that the system can run an entire task successfully. When the system's hardware configuration is fixed, the system reliability is mainly dependent on the software design. The task allocation problem is addressed with the goal of maximizing the system reliability. A quantitative problem model, algorithms for optimal and suboptimal solutions, and simulation results are provided and discussed. >
Neuropsychological testing for sports-related concussion: how athletes can sandbag their baseline testing without detection.

Neuropsychological baseline testing is commonplace in the assessment of concussion; however, claims of "sandbagging" the baseline have led neuropsychologists to ask to what extent athletes can perform intentionally poorly on baseline testing without reaching threshold on the test validity indicators. Seventy-five undergraduate athletes were re-administered the ImPACT neurocognitive battery, which they had previously taken to establish baseline functioning, but were instructed to perform more poorly than their baseline without reaching threshold on the test validity indicators. Eight participants were able to successfully fake significantly lower scores without detection by validity indicators. Concussion history was not related to performance. Successful fakers did not perform significantly worse on the Reaction Time Composite and Three Letters Total Letters Correct, questioning the utility of these measures for detecting "sandbagging. " Successful fakers reported using less purposeful faking strategies which naturally facilitated errors. The data suggest that "sandbagging" the baseline, even under conditions involving motivation, instruction, and experience with the test, is difficult to accomplish without being detected.
Objects of primary value:: fame, celebrity, and the quest for symbolic immortality

OF THE DISSERTATION OBJECTS OF PRIMARY VALUE: FAME, CELEBRITY, AND THE QUEST FOR SYMBOLIC IMMORTALITY by MATTHEW C. DOHN Dissertation Director: Professor Laurie A. Rudman Research guided by Terror Management Theory (TMT; Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986) has provided powerful evidence that reminders of death motivate defensive behaviors designed to preserve self-esteem and buffer against the conscious awareness of personal mortality. Fascination with fame and celebrity are posited to be important within the TMT framework, as they reflect the human need for symbolic immortality, whether direct or vicarious. The present research examined three basic hypotheses. First, reminders of death should lead individuals to view fame and celebrity as particularly desirable for the self, and to greater fascination with celebrities. Second, the experience of vicarious fame should protect individuals from the threat of mortality salience, thus reducing their need to engage in terror managing worldview defensive behavior. Third, the belief that one has the potential to achieve celebrity should afford the protective worldview provided by fame and celebrity, and reduce subsequent worldview defense. Three experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. Study 1 examined the relationship between reminders of death (mortality salience), valuing fame and celebrity for the self, and ratings of celebrity related information. Celebrity information
Specification matching of software components

Abstract : Specification matching is a way to compare two software components. In the context of software reuse and library retrieval it can help determine whether one component can be substituted for another or bow one can be modified to fit the requirements of the other. In the context of object-oriented programming, it can help determine when one type is a behavioral subtype of another. In the context of system interoperability, it can help determine whether the interfaces of two components mismatch. We use formal specifications to describe the behavior of software components, and hence, to determine whether two components match. We give precise definitions of not just exact match, but more relevantly, various flavors of relaxed match. These definitions capture the notions of generalization, specialization, substitutability, subtyping, and interoperability of software components. We write our formal specifications of components in terms of pre-and post-condition predicates. Thus, we rely on theorem proving to determine match and mismatch. We give examples from our implementation of specification matching using the Larch Prover.
Qualitative Simulation of Photon Transport in Free Space Based on Monte Carlo Method and Its Parallel Implementation

During the past decade, Monte Carlo method has obtained wide applications in optical imaging to simulate photon transport process inside tissues. However, this method has not been effectively extended to the simulation of free-space photon transport at present. In this paper, a uniform framework for noncontact optical imaging is proposed based on Monte Carlo method, which consists of the simulation of photon transport both in tissues and in free space. Specifically, the simplification theory of lens system is utilized to model the camera lens equipped in the optical imaging system, and Monte Carlo method is employed to describe the energy transformation from the tissue surface to the CCD camera. Also, the focusing effect of camera lens is considered to establish the relationship of corresponding points between tissue surface and CCD camera. Furthermore, a parallel version of the framework is realized, making the simulation much more convenient and effective. The feasibility of the uniform framework and the effectiveness of the parallel version are demonstrated with a cylindrical phantom based on real experimental results.
Control and Cybernetics

: This paper presents the merging of two sets of experiments in the continuing endeavor to mine epileptiform activity from Electroencephalograms (EEG). The goal is to develop robust classiﬁcation rules for identifying epileptiform activity in the human brain. We present advancements using the author’s proprietary developed spectral analysis software to link power spectra of rat EEGs experiencing epilepsy seizures with the authors DFA algorithm and their MATLAB spectral analysis. Our system links 1) power spectra of seizures, in sleep, spike and seizure states, with 2) Deterministic Finite Automata (DFA). Combining power spectra with DFA to correctly predict and identify epileptiform activity (spikes) and epileptic seizures opens the door to creating classiﬁers for seizures. We also present a DFA that separates the states between seizure and non-seizure using robust testing and additional algorithms to increase the rigor when the methodology analyses noisy signals. Our re-sults show optimal identiﬁcation of seizures even when signiﬁcant artifact and noise is present in the polyphonic domain. Herein we present a dual methodology that increases epileptoid identiﬁcation in a noisy domain that links time and frequency domain components from MATLAB and proprietary software to clinical epileptiform activity.
An Exploratory Study of Functional Redundancy in Code Repositories

In large code repositories, the probability of functions to repeat across projects is high. This type of functional redundancy (FR) is desirable for recent code reuse and repair approaches. Yet, FR is hard to measure because it is closely related to program equivalence, which is an undecidable problem. This is one of the reasons most studies that investigate redundancy focus on syntactic rather than semantic replication (e.g., cloning). In this paper we evaluate the extent of FR in a code repository with 68 Java projects taken randomly from SourceForge. Our technique approximates function similarity by first searching for methods that possess similar interfaces (return type, name, and parameter types). We then execute these methods to verify which candidate pairs have matching outputs for a given sample of inputs. Some recent studies have also focused on this type of semantic replication, but our detection approach is generally cheaper and more precise, because it focuses on methods and uses interfaces to reduce the search space. Although our scope is restricted to static methods, which makes our results conservative, our findings are promising. In particular, we found 984 pairs of redundant methods, and 28 out of the 68 (41.17%) projects in the repository presented redundancy. Moreover, the majority of redundant methods for which we had access to the source code did not refer to textual clones (only one redundant method pair referred to replicated code). Our study also indicates that the proposed redundancy detection approach has high precision and is generally inexpensive (only four executions were required per method to attain 100% precision).
Autobiographical memory and future thinking

From the moment we wake up to the moment we fall asleep, we spend much time thinking about all sorts of events and situations that are yet to happen – an errand to run this afternoon, an appointment at the dentist tomorrow, the next lab meeting, a romantic dinner tonight, plans for the weekend, a job interview next month, to give just a few examples. Young adults may experience, on average, around sixty thoughts about the future during a typical day (i.e., one future thought every 16 minutes), and much of these thoughts probably serve important functions, such as planning and decision making (D’Argembeau, Renaud, and Van der Linden, 2011). The ability to imagine and plan for the future (here referred to as “future thinking”) is thus clearly a prominent feature of the human mind. How do we mentally represent future events? What are our thoughts and mental images of the future made of? How are they constructed? The purpose of this chapter is to explore these issues. The first section reviews recent research that has revealed that the capacity to imagine future events is closely related to the capacity to remember past events. Next, I dig further into the nature of this relationship and consider the possible contribution of different kinds of autobiographical knowledge structures to the representation of future events. Finally, recent findings about the component processes underlying future thinking are presented and discussed.