Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of low frequency undamped oscillations in large power systems

New techniques were applied to the analysis of spontaneous power oscillations that occur in the Mid-Continent Area Power Pool (MAPP). System natural frequencies below one hertz were calculated along with the relative velocity deviations of major generating units at each frequency. Operating data was used to determine which of these low natural frequencies correspond to system oscillations. Simulation of the spontaneous oscillation was obtained using a dynamic stability program by giving each generator an initial velocity deviation proportional to the previously calculated relative velocity deviations for that frequency. The oscillation was also obtained by suddenly dropping load in one area of the dynamic model and picking it up in another area. A number of simulations were carried out to about twenty seconds or approximately three cycles of the natural frequency to investigate dynamic stability limits under various conditions. Quantitative calculations of synchronizing power flow capability between areas were used to evaluate the effects of operating and design changes.
Methods to differentiate electrically induced afferent and sympathetic C unit responses in human cutaneous nerves.

C unit responses to intradermal electrical stimulation were recorded with tungsten micro-electrodes inserted percutaneously into intact human cutaneous nerves. An increase in discharge frequency was associated with a decrease in conduction velocity in unmyelinated fibres, and this phenomenon was used to identify afferent C units which responded to both electrical and natural stimuli in the skin. Antidromic impulses in efferent, sympathetic fibres were also elicited by electrical stimulation in the skin as judged by latency changes or signs of collisions in the C responses associated with activity in sympathetic fibres. In this way, conduction velocities in distal segments of both afferent and sympathetic C fibres can be estimated. Furthermore, the possibility to differentiate afferent and sympathetic C units is of obvious importance for the study of their respective discharge characteristics and in psychophysiological studies in alert man.
Study of RF Propagation Losses in Homogeneous Brick and Concrete Walls using Analytical Frequency Dependent Models

The prediction of wall losses is a fundamental aspect in the development of ultra-wideband throughthe-wall (TTW) detection systems. Accurate ultra-wideband signal attenuation prediction has always been very difficult due to a broad variety of building materials without the support of a sophisticated model. In this paper, the attenuation of different types of concrete and brick walls are estimated using the electromagnetic characteristics of building materials for frequencies from 1 to 5 GHz by two theoretical models based on the method of general solutions of wave equations using boundary conditions and the impedance transformation method or the method of transmission line analogy. This estimation will enable in the design of any ultra wideband through-the wall radar system.
Dual Phase-Shifted Modulation Strategy for the Three-Level Dual Active Bridge DC–DC Converter

In high-voltage dc–dc applications, the switches in the conventional two-level dual active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converter have to bear the whole port voltage, so high voltage switches should be selected. The voltage stress of the switches in the three-level DAB converter can be reduced to half of the port voltage, so it is suitable for high-voltage applications. However, part of the switches still has to bear the entire port voltage under some operation conditions with the single phase-shifted (SPS) modulation strategy. A dual phase-shifted (DPS) modulation strategy is proposed for the converter, compared with SPS modulation strategy, it expands regulating range of transmission power and enhances control flexibility. Moreover, a control algorithm can be developed to ensure that the voltage stress of each switch is half of the port voltage. The detailed operation principle of the three-level DAB converter with DPS control is analyzed in the paper. The characteristics of each operation region and the critical conditions between different operating regions are derived. Finally, the performance of the three-level DAB converter and DPS modulation strategy are verified by the simulation and experimental results of a 125 kW prototype.
The dynein inhibitor Ciliobrevin D inhibits the bidirectional transport of organelles along sensory axons and impairs NGF‐mediated regulation of growth cones and axon branches

The axonal transport of organelles is critical for the development, maintenance, and survival of neurons, and its dysfunction has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Retrograde axon transport is mediated by the motor protein dynein. In this study, using embryonic chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons, we investigate the effects of Ciliobrevin D, a pharmacological dynein inhibitor, on the transport of axonal organelles, axon extension, nerve growth factor (NGF)‐induced branching and growth cone expansion, and axon thinning in response to actin filament depolymerization. Live imaging of mitochondria, lysosomes, and Golgi‐derived vesicles in axons revealed that both the retrograde and anterograde transport of these organelles was inhibited by treatment with Ciliobrevin D. Treatment with Ciliobrevin D reversibly inhibits axon extension and transport, with effects detectable within the first 20 min of treatment. NGF induces growth cone expansion, axonal filopodia formation and branching. Ciliobrevin D prevented NGF‐induced formation of axonal filopodia and branching but not growth cone expansion. Finally, we report that the retrograde reorganization of the axonal cytoplasm which occurs on actin filament depolymerization is inhibited by treatment with Ciliobrevin D, indicating a role for microtubule based transport in this process, as well as Ciliobrevin D accelerating Wallerian degeneration. This study identifies Ciliobrevin D as an inhibitor of the bidirectional transport of multiple axonal organelles, indicating this drug may be a valuable tool for both the study of dynein function and a first pass analysis of the role of axonal transport. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 757–777, 2015
RQAS: A Rapid QA Scheme with Exponential Elevations of Keyword Rankings

We present a rapid question-answering scheme (RQAS) for constructing a chatbot over specific domains with data in the format of question-answer pairs (QAPs). We want RQAS to return the most appropriate answer to a user question in realtime. RQAS is based on TF-IDF scores and exponential elevations of keyword rankings generated by TextRank to overcome the common problems of selecting an answer based on the highest similarity of the user question and questions in the existing QAPs, making it easy for general QAS builders to construct a QAS for a given application. Experiments show that RQAS is both effective and efficient regardless the size of the underlying QAP dataset.
A phosphoethanolamine-modified glycosyl diradylglycerol in the polar lipids of Clostridium tetani[S]

The polar lipids of the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of tetanus, have been examined by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography, ESI mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Plasmalogen and di- and tetra-acylated species of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin, and N-acetylglucosaminyl diradylglycerol were the major lipids present in most strains examined except for strain ATCC 10779, the parent of strain E88, the first C. tetani strain to have its genome sequenced. This strain contained the same di- and tetra-acylated species but did not contain plasmalogens. All strains contained a novel derivative of N-acetylglucosaminyl diradylglycerol in which a phosphoethanolamine unit is attached to the 6’-position of the sugar, as judged by selective 31P-decoupled, 1H-detected NMR difference spectroscopy. The N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue is presumably linked to the 3-positon of the diradylglycerol moiety, and it has the β-anomeric configuration. Very little plasmalogen component was detected by mass spectrometry in the precursors phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine, consistent with the idea that plasmalogens are formed from diacylated phospholipids at a late stage of phospholipid assembly in anaerobic clostridia.
Occupational Lead Exposure and Longitudinal Decline in Neurobehavioral Test Scores

Background: No previous longitudinal studies have compared and contrasted associations of blood lead and tibia lead with declines in cognitive function over the course of time in a large sample of subjects with current and past occupational exposure to inorganic lead. Methods: From 1997 through 2001, we conducted a longitudinal study of 803 current and former lead workers in South Korea to evaluate effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Three study visits occurred during a mean follow-up duration of 2.20 years. Neurobehavioral test scores, peripheral nervous system function, and blood lead were measured at each of the 3 study visits, whereas tibia lead was measured by x-ray fluorescence at the first and second visits. We limited our analysis to the 576 lead workers who completed testing at all 3 visits. We performed regression analyses using generalized estimating equations. Results: There were consistent associations of blood lead with test scores at baseline and of tibia lead with declines in test scores over the next year, mainly in executive abilities, manual dexterity, and peripheral vibration threshold. Conclusions: The results support the inference that occupational lead exposure can cause declines in cognitive function over the course of time. Lead likely has an acute effect on neurobehavioral test scores as a function of recent dose and a longer-term (possibly progressive) effect on cognitive decline as a function of cumulative dose.
Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) select habitat based on avian predators, landscape composition, and anthropogenic features

ABSTRACT Prey species minimize the risk of predation directly by avoiding predators and indirectly by avoiding risky habitat. Habitat loss and fragmentation have been prevalent in Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter “sage-grouse”) habitat, which has necessitated a better understanding of mechanisms driving habitat use. Using multinomial logistic regression, we compared landscape attributes and anthropogenic features (indirect mechanisms) and densities of avian predators (direct mechanisms) among 792 sage-grouse locations (340 nests, 331 early brood, and 121 late brood) and 660 random locations in Wyoming, USA, in 2008–2011. Anthropogenic features included oil and gas structures, communication towers, power lines, roads, and rural houses; and landscape attributes included a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), topographic ruggedness, the proportion of big sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), and proximity and proportion variables for forested and riparian habitats. Sage-grouse locations were best described with models that included multiple habitat variables and densities of small, medium, and large avian predators. Thus, both indirect and direct mechanisms of predator avoidance were employed by sage-grouse to select habitat and presumably lower their exposure to predation and nest predation. At all reproductive stages, sage-grouse selected flatter locations with a greater proportion of big sagebrush, a higher NDVI, and lower densities of oil and gas structures. Nest locations had a lower density of major roads and were farther away from riparian habitat; early-brood locations had a lower density of power lines and were closer to rural houses; and late-brood locations were closer to riparian habitat. The magnitudes of direct and indirect avoidance by sage-grouse hens were dependent on a sage-grouse's reproductive stage. Differential habitat use of female sage-grouse relative to predation risk and food availability was a means for sage-grouse hens to lower their risk of predation and nest predation, while using habitat to meet their energetic requirements and those of their chicks.
Estimating respiratory mechanics with constant-phase models in healhty lungs from forced oscillations measurements

Demanding minimal cooperation from the patient, the forced oscillation technique (FOT) is an attractive non-invasive lung function test. Its successful application to assess respiratory mechanics makes it an interesting topic for further investigations. Recent trends in signal processing and modelling techniques play a significant role in improving the assessment of input respiratory impedance. A four-parameter constant-phase model and a five parameter constant-phase model are evaluated here in healthy young females and males. The identification results show that the five parameter constant-phase model delivers better estimates in terms of minimizing modelling errors. The observed model values agree qualitatively with expected values based on previous reports in the specialized literature for healthy subjects.
Meningeal TB in a 39-Year-Old Male Presenting with Headache

Meningeal tuberculosis is rare in the developed world, with only 92 cases of meningeal TB reported in the United States in 2014 according to the CDC (CDC, 2015). We describe the case of a 39-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse, whose cerebral spinal fluid acid fast smears confirmed TB only weeks after his death. His only initial presenting symptom was headache, and his condition declined rapidly during his hospitalization.
End-to-End Delay Distribution Analysis for Stochastic Admission Control in Multi-hop Wireless Networks

Admission control is important in achieving QoS guarantees in multi-hop wireless networks. An efficient admission control algorithm requires an accurate estimation of the end-to-end delay distribution of the network. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the end-to-end delay distribution under the general traffic arrival process and Nakagami-m channel model. We firstly propose a novel two-dimensional Markov Chain to model the node behaviors in a multi-hop multi-rate IEEE 802.11 network that is subject to interference and error prone channel. By combining the basic Probability theory and Network Calculus, we analyze the delay a packet experiences at each hop along a path. The per-hop delay result is used to develop the distribution of the end-to-end delay of a randomly chosen path. We then develop an admission control scheme for the traffic with stochastic QoS guarantees. Finally, through simulation results, we verify the accuracy of our analytical model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Global frequency of magnitude 9 earthquakes

For decades seismologists have sought causal relationships between maximum earthquake sizes and other properties of subduction zones, with the underlying notion that some subduction zones may never produce a magnitude ∼9 or larger event. The 2004 Andaman M w - 9.2 earthquake called into question such ideas. Given multicentury return times of the greatest earthquakes, ignorance of those return times and our very limited observation span, I suggest that we cannot yet make such determinations. Present evidence cannot rule out that any subduction zone may produce a magnitude 9 or larger earthquake. Based on theoretical recurrence times, I estimate that one to three M9 earthquakes should occur globally per century, and the past half century with five M9 events reflects temporal clustering and not the long-term average.
Marital adjustment and emotional symptoms in infertile couples: gender differences

To determine the psychosocial and demographic factors related to marital adjustment and emotional symptoms in infertile couples according to gender differences. Materials and methods: The study sample, consisting of 60 primary infertile couples, was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. The scores derived from men and women were compared according to infertility factor. Multiple regression analysis models were used to explore the linkages between emotional symptoms and marital adjustment. Results: Statistically significant gender differences were noted in affectional expression and sexual satisfaction domains of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (P < 0.05). Our analyses showed that various aspects of marital adjustment have predictive power on anxiety and depressive symptoms of infertile men, especially when the infertility is due to male factor. Conclusion: Results of this study emphasize the importance of psychological and sexual counseling in the course of infertility treatment.
Effects of electrically large radome on pyramidal horn

In this paper, we have proposed a hybrid method for the analysis of the electrically large radome-enclosed pyramidal horn. The present method combines BI, FEM, MM, and PO together. It takes the full interactions between the antenna and the radome into consideration, and is more accurate than the decoupled analysis of the antenna-radome system. The aperture fields, the radiation patterns, and the S-parameters at the feeding port of the horn show that the radomes have very strong influences on the performances of the pyramidal horn.
Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Facilities.

Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Facilities NCRP Report No. 151, 2005, 246 pp. (Hardcover $100). National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 400, Bethesda, MD 20814-3095. ISBN-10 0-0929600-87-8; http://www.NCRPonline. org.
Improved telomere detection using a telomere repeat probe (TTAGGG)n generated by PCR.

We report the rapid generation of human telomere repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n, with fragment sizes up to 25 kb (Figure 1), using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This probe can be labeled with biotin-1 1-dUTP or a mixture of modified deoxy-nucleotides in the same PCR reaction. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation shows signal at all telomeres with a signal intensity significantly stronger than seen using an oligonucleotide probe (1) of the same sequence (Figure 2). The (TTAGGG)n probe is also a useful tool as an anchor point in fluorescence in situ experiments in which several probes are used simultaneously. It allows merging of the different images obtained with several probes labeled with different fluorochromes at the same time. PCR is carried out in the absence of template using primers (TTAGGG)5 and (CCCTAA)5. Staggered annealing of the primers provides a single strand template for extension by Taq polymerase. The primers serve as template in the early PCR cycles whereas the newly formed templates serve as primer and template in subsequent stages of the PCR, resulting in a heterogeneous population of molecules consisting of repeat arrays of various lengths. Clearly, reducing the initial primer concentration increases the average length of the products. PCR reactions were performed in 100 Al volumes containing 50 mM KCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.3), 1.5 mM MgCl2, 0.001% (w/v) gelatin, 200 ,M of each dNTP, 0.1 $M of each primer and 2 units of Taq polymerase (NB: it is important that the primer concentration be 0.1
A Bayesian hierarchical small-area population model accounting for data source specific methodologies from American Community Survey, Population Estimates Program, and Decennial Census data

Small area estimates of population are necessary for many epidemiological studies, yet their quality and accuracy are often not assessed. In the United States, small area estimates of population counts are published by the United States Census Bureau (USCB) in the form of the Decennial census counts, Intercensal population projections (PEP), and American Community Survey (ACS) estimates. Although there are significant relationships between these data sources, there are important contrasts in data collection and processing methodologies, such that each set of estimates may be subject to different sources and magnitudes of error. Additionally, these data sources do not report identical small area population counts due to post-survey adjustments specific to each data source. Resulting small area disease/mortality rates may differ depending on which data source is used for population counts (denominator data). To accurately capture annual small area population counts, and associated uncertainties, we present a Bayesian population model (B-Pop), which fuses information from all three USCB sources, accounting for data source specific methodologies and associated errors. The main features of our framework are: 1) a single model integrating multiple data sources, 2) accounting for data source specific data generating mechanisms, and specifically accounting for data source specific errors, and 3) prediction of estimates for years without USCB reported data. We focus our study on the 159 counties of Georgia, and produce estimates for years 2005-2021.
LEARNING, HEDGING, AND THE NATURAL RATE HYPOTHESIS

We assume that firms are more risk averse than households and that they manage their risk through a financial sector, which consists of learning and hedging. Firms that learn (by observing demand shocks) face less uncertainty and produce more than firms that hedge (by selling future production at a fixed price). If a policy or parameter change stabilizes the economy, then there is less learning and usually less production. Welfare, however, is usually maximized when the financial sector, which requires inputs but does not directly provide utility or affect production, is smallest. Monetary policy can improve welfare by either taxing learning or subsidizing hedging. If firms are risk averse over nominal profits instead of real profits, then interest rate policy can also improve welfare by stabilizing prices and thus minimizing the size of the financial sector.
Species Responses to Edaphic Heterogeneity in Semi-Deciduous Forests from the Congo Basin

Coexistence of species in tropical forests remains an open debate in community ecology. Two main substrates, sandy and clay soils, exist in sites harboring semi-deciduous forests in the central Congo Basin. The way this edaphic heterogeneity affects species occurrences and abundances was investigated. Sampling plots were established on each of the soils in Yoko, a natural forest reserve located in the surrounding of Kisangani (eastern D.R. Congo). Results showed that species react in different ways according to the considered soil. Some species appear to be “edaphic specialists” by their exclusive occurrence or preference towards a given soil. This is the case for species like Scorodophloeus zenkeri, Cynometra hankei, Prioria balsamiferum on sandy soils whereas Alstonia boonei, Antiaris toxicaria, etc. prefer clay substrates. Many others expressed no preference at all. We computed species accumulation curves and tested for the local diversity (Fisher alpha index) among soils. Communities on clay soils appear to be rich and more diversified.