Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eager , Lazy and Hybrid Algorithms for Multi-Criteria Associative Classification

Classification aims to map a data instance to its appropriate c lass (or label). In associative classification the mapping is don e through an association rule with the consequent restricted to the class attribu e. Eager associative classification algorithms build a single rule set during the training phase, and this rule set is used to classify all test instances. Lazy alg orithms, however, do not build a rule set during the training phase, the rule set ge neration is delayed until a test instance is given. The choice between eager and la zy algorithms is not simple. Using a single rule set to perform all the predi ctions may not take advantage of specific characteristics of a test instanc e. On the other hand, building a specific rule set for each test instance may incur i n excessive computational efforts. In this paper we propose new eager and laz y algorithms for associative classification. Also, we present heuristics and caching mechanisms to alleviate computational costs during lazy classificatio n, and a new hybrid algorithm which combines characteristics of eager and lazy app roaches. Finally, we also propose a multi-criteria rule selection technique whi ch is motivated by the intuition that a single criterion cannot give a global pi cture of the rule (i.e., rules with high confidence but low support). We performed a sys tematic evaluation of the proposed approaches using real data from an impor tant application: spam detection.
Automatic Conversion of Mesh Animations into Skeleton‐based Animations

Recently, it has become increasingly popular to represent animations not by means of a classical skeleton‐based model, but in the form of deforming mesh sequences. The reason for this new trend is that novel mesh deformation methods as well as new surface based scene capture techniques offer a great level of flexibility during animation creation. Unfortunately, the resulting scene representation is less compact than skeletal ones and there is not yet a rich toolbox available which enables easy post‐processing and modification of mesh animations. To bridge this gap between the mesh‐based and the skeletal paradigm, we propose a new method that automatically extracts a plausible kinematic skeleton, skeletal motion parameters, as well as surface skinning weights from arbitrary mesh animations. By this means, deforming mesh sequences can be fully‐automatically transformed into fullyrigged virtual subjects. The original input can then be quickly rendered based on the new compact bone and skin representation, and it can be easily modified using the full repertoire of already existing animation tools.
Stimulation of the subthalamic region for essential tremor.

OBJECT The goal of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of bilateral subthalamic region stimulation in the treatment of essential tremor (ET). METHODS Following induction of general anesthesia, four patients with disabling tremor that had proved to be refractory to pharmacotherapy underwent magnetic resonance imaging-guided deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral subthalamic region. Tremor was assessed by applying the Fahn-Tolosa-Marń Tremor Rating Scale at baseline and again at the 12-month follow-up examination. Following surgery the total tremor score improved by 80.1% (from a baseline mean score of 63 +/- 15.1 to a score of 11.8 +/- 3.9 at 12 months postoperatively). There was a significant improvement (p < 0.0001) in the mean tremor score of the upper limb (postural and action component) from a baseline score of 3 +/- 0.9 to a score of 0.5 +/- 0.5 at 12 months postoperatively. In two patients with Score 4 head tremor complete arrest of the tremor was observed at 12 months. Motor function scores of the upper limb for drawing spirals, pouring water, and drawing lines improved significantly (p < 0.05) by 66.7, 76.9, and 58.3%, respectively. Handwriting improved by 68%, but this gain was not significant. The mean activities of daily living score at baseline was 20 +/- 3.2; there was an 88.8% improvement in this score to 2.3 +/- 1.5 at the 12-month evaluation. The voltage required for effective tremor control was low (mean 1.8 +/- 0.2 V) and, along with the other parameters of DBS (frequency and pulse width), did not change significantly over the 12-month period. Tolerance to the action component of tremor was not seen. There was no procedural or stimulation-related complication. CONCLUSIONS Bilateral subthalamic region stimulation is effective in arresting tremor and head titubation, as well as functional disability in ET. Complications like dysarthria and disequilibrium were not seen. These patients required low voltages of stimulation and did not develop a tolerance to the treatment.
Comparison of single‐sequence T1w TFE MRI with multisequence MRI for the quantification of lipid‐rich necrotic core in atherosclerotic plaque

To prospectively determine the accuracy of semiquantitative analysis of the amount of lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC) in atherosclerotic plaque using multi‐ as well as single‐sequence T1‐weighted (w) turbo field echo (TFE) MRI. Histology served as a reference standard.
INORA-a unified signaling and routing mechanism for QoS support in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are characterized by bandwidth constrained wireless links, multiple hops and highly dynamic topologies. Providing QoS support in MANETs is hence a challenging task. This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of INORA, which is a network layer QoS support mechanism that makes use of the INSIGNIA in-band signaling mechanism and TORA routing protocol for MANETs. TORA provides multiple routes between a given source and destination. We present an effective coupling between TORA and INSIGNIA to get routes that are "best-able" to provide QoS requirements for a flow. INORA also combines congestion control with routing.
A robust network coding scheme for SVC- based streaming over wireless mesh network

Multimedia applications have been gaining popularity during last years. Fix bandwidth allocations, high bit errors rate and burst packet errors are common in wireless networks due to which conventional forward error correcting codes (FEC) become ineffective to transmit scalable video coding (SVC) based streaming in wireless mesh network. In this paper we propose a novel scheme for transmission of scalable video coding streams over wireless mesh network (WMN) based on using the cooperation among nearby nodes and opportunistic network coding (ONC). The scheme tries to select appropriate path based on network information for different SVC layers. It chooses the best path for most important layer, base layer, and less stable path for enhancement layers. Some nearby nodes along the transmission path are selected for recoding their received packets and store them in buffers for some period of time. These nearby nodes coded packets can be retransmit to receivers for recovering lost packets.
Surface Morphology and Dissolution Rate of Slow Discharge Urea Coated with Starch-Urea-Borax Matrix

Pure starches do not exhibit fast tacking and high viscosity to meet the standards set by many industrial processes. Therefore, the objective of this work was to obtain high- viscosity coating solutions after modifying tapioca starch with urea as a cross-linker and borax as a thickener. Study of the physical properties confirmed that the prepared solutions were exhibiting more pronounced non-Newtonian behavior. A shear-thinning behavior followed by shear-thickening was observed for all solution compositions. At room temperature, the critical shear rate at which the transition from shear-thinning to shear-thickening occurred was ranging from 45.8 to 78 s−1. However, the shear-thickening response to the applied shear rate was less prominent at higher temperatures. The surface tension and density of the solutions were found to decrease monotonically with an increase in temperature. Once the physical properties were fully understood, 1, 1.5 and 2 mL of each solution were used to coat 30 g of urea fluidized above its minimum level of fluidization. The phenomenological analyses of the coated and uncoated urea samples were carried out by understating their surface morphology, coating thickness, percent coating, dissolution rate, percent release and crushing strength. It was concluded that the coating thickness, percent coating, dissolution rate and percent release increase over time with an increase in solution volume and borax mass; however, some random results were obtained while investigating the effects of the solution volume on the crushing strength. The highest crushing strength was noticed for urea samples coated with 1.5 mL of solution followed by 1 mL, 2 mL and without coating.
Improving multi-label classification performance by label constraints

Multi-label classification is an extension of traditional classification problem in which each instance is associated with a set of labels. For some multi-label classification tasks, labels are usually overlapped and correlated, and some implicit constraint rules are existed among the labels. This paper presents an improved multi-label classification method based on label ranking strategy and label constraints. Firstly, one-against-all decomposition technique is used to divide a multilabel classification task into multiple independent binary classification sub-problems. One binary SVM classifier is trained for each label. Secondly, based on training data, label constraint rules are mined by association rule learning method. Thirdly, a correction model based on label constraints is used to correct the probabilistic outputs of SVM classifiers for label ranking. Experiment results on three well-known multi-label benchmark datasets show that the proposed method outperforms some conventional multi-label classification methods.
Active shape control of composite blades using shape memory actuation

This paper presents active shape control of composite beams using shape memory actuation. Shape memory alloy (SMA) bender elements trained to memorize bending shape were used to induce bending and twisting deformations in composite beams. Bending-torsion coupled graphite-epoxy and kevlar-epoxy composite beams with Teflon inserts were manufactured using an autoclave-molding technique. Teflon inserts were replaced by trained SMA bender elements. Composite beams with SMA bender elements were activated by heating these using electrical resistive heating and the bending and twisting deformations of the beams were measured using a mirror and laser system. The structural response of the composite beams activated by SMA elements was predicted using the Vlasov theory, where these beams were modeled as open sections with many branches. The bending moment induced by a SMA bender element was calculated from its experimentally determined memorized shape. The bending, torsion, and bending-torsion coupling stiffness coefficients of these beams were obtained using analytical formulation of an open-section composite beam with many branches (Vlasov theory).
Efficient Online WiFi Delivery of Layered-Coding Media Using Inter-layer Network Coding

A primary challenge in multi casting video in a wireless LAN to multiple clients is to deal with the client diversity -- clients may have different channel characteristics and hence receive different numbers of transmissions from the AP. A promising approach to overcome this problem is to combine multi-resolution (layered) video coding with interlayer network coding. The fundamental challenge in such an approach is to determine the strategy of coding the packets across different layers that maximizes the number of decoded layers at all clients. This paper makes three contributions. (1) We first show that even for one client, the previously proposed canonical triangular scheme for inter-layer network coding can perform poorly. We show how to enhance the triangular scheme by incorporating the estimated target number of layers which significantly improves its effectiveness. (2) We show that such an enhanced triangular scheme still performs poorly for multiple clients with diverse channel characteristics, which motivates the need for searching for the optimal coding strategy. The naive way of searching for the optimal strategy is computationally prohibitive. We present several optimizations that drastically reduce the complexity of exhaustively searching for the optimal strategy, making it feasible in real time. (3) Finally, we design and evaluate an on line video delivery scheme, Percy, to be deployed at a proxy behind the AP of a wireless LAN. Our simulation results show that Percy outperforms the previous inter-layer coding heuristic by up to 22-80% with varying numbers of clients.
Abnormal distribution of ABO blood groups in infantile pyloric stenosis.

All infants with pyloric stenosis from the Greater Belfast area who are treated surgically must be seen at one of three hospitals, viz, the Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast City Hospital, and the Ulster Hospital. The medical records of these hospitals for the two decades 1950-69 were examined, and attempts made to trace the 526 patients submitted to Rammstedt's operation. Patients treated medically were excluded on the grounds that the diagnosis had not been completely proven; but they form a relatively small number because the local medical custom is to operate in the great majority of cases. A total of 480 patients were traced, a follow-up rate of 91-3%. Thirty of the 46 patients remaining untraced are known to have emigrated. In the course of subsequent examination, blood samples were taken from each patient either by venepuncture or heel stab after the parents' consent had been obtained. Blood group data from a further 6 were available from the hospital records. Saliva was obtained from 465 patients for determination of the ABO secretor status. Control blood group data were obtained from the Serological Population Genetics Laboratory (A. C. Kope6, personal communication), and these were used in the preliminary communication (Dodge, 1967). These data were derived from retrospective study of the Northern Ireland Blood Transfusion register of blood donors up to 1960, and as far as Belfast is concerned included 27,757 individuals. In spite of the large size of this series, it was felt to be unsatisfactory in as much as the former policy of using group 0 Rhesus-negative blood for patients of other groups could have led to an excess of 0 Rhesus-negative donors being retained upon the, register. A smaller series, confined to current donors was used by Macafee (1964) and by Johnson et al (1964) as control data for studies of blood groups in diabetes mellitus and gastric ulcers respectively. This series
Modeling of 11-Level Cascade Multilevel STATCOM

This paper presents analytical approach for modeling of 11-level cascade multilevel STATCOM connected to power system for voltage regulation applications. A technique based on energy equivalence is proposed for computation of equivalent capacitance which represents true value of variable structure of capacitances connected in individual H-bridges. The necessity of equivalent capacitor is an essential requirement for accurate modeling and control system design for STATCOM.
Improving Energy Conservation Using Bulk Transmission over High-Power Radios in Sensor Networks

Low power radios, such as the CC2420, have been widely popular with recent sensor platforms. This paper explores the potential for energy savings from adding a high-power, high-bandwidth radio to current sensor platforms. High-bandwidth radios consume more power but significantly reduce the time for transmissions. Consequently, they offer net savings in total communication energy when there is enough data to offset wake-up energy overhead. The analysis on energy characteristics of several IEEE 802.11 radios show that a feasible crossover point exists (in terms of data size) after which energy savings are possible. Based on this analysis, we present a bulk data transmission protocol for dual radio systems. The results of simulations and prototype implementation show significant energy savings at the expense of introducing acceptable delay.
Comment on “Unique in the shopping mall: On the reidentifiability of credit card metadata”

De Montjoye et al. (Reports, 30 January 2015, p. 536) claimed that most individuals can be reidentified from a deidentified transaction database and that anonymization mechanisms are not effective against reidentification. We demonstrate that anonymization can be performed by techniques well established in the literature.
Optimizing multidimensional index trees for main memory access

Recent studies have shown that cache-conscious indexes such as the CSB+-tree outperform conventional main memory indexes such as the T-tree. The key idea of these cache-conscious indexes is to eliminate most of child pointers from a node to increase the fanout of the tree. When the node size is chosen in the order of the cache block size, this pointer elimination effectively reduces the tree height, and thus improves the cache behavior of the index. However, the pointer elimination cannot be directly applied to multidimensional index structures such as the R-tree, where the size of a key, typically, an MBR (minimum bounding rectangle), is much larger than that of a pointer. Simple elimination of four-byte pointers does not help much to pack more entries in a node. This paper proposes a cache-conscious version of the R-tree called the CR-tree. To pack more entries in a node, the CR-tree compresses MBR keys, which occupy almost 80% of index data in the two-dimensional case. It first represents the coordinates of an MBR key relatively to the lower left corner of its parent MBR to eliminate the leading O's from the relative coordinate representation. Then, it quantizes the relative coordinates with a fixed number of bits to further cut off the trailing less significant bits. Consequently, the CR-tree becomes significantly wider and smaller than the ordinary R-tree. Our experimental and analytical study shows that the two-dimensional CR-tree performs search up to 2.5 times faster than the ordinary R-tree while maintaining similar update performance and consuming about 60% less memory space.
Benchmarking High Performance Architectures with Natural Language Processing Algorithms

Natural Language Processing algorithms are resource demanding, especially when tuning toinflective language like Polish is needed. The paper presents time and memory requirementsof part of speech tagging and clustering algorithms applied to two corpora of the Polishlanguage. The algorithms are benchmarked on three high performance platforms of differentarchitectures. Additionally sequential versions and OpenMP implementations of clusteringalgorithms were compared.
Policy as Myth and Ceremony? The Global Spread of Stock Exchanges, 1980-2005

We examine the antecedents and consequences in developing countries of creating a national stock exchange, a core technology of financial globalization. We study local conditions and global institutional pressures in the rapid spread of exchanges since the 1980s and examine how conditions at the point of adoption affected exchanges’ subsequent vibrancy. Little prior research connects the process of diffusion with the operational performance of adopted policies. We find that international coercion was associated with more ceremonial adoption but that, contrary to expectations common in institutional research, contagion processes via peer groups and normative emulation of prestigious actors enhanced vibrancy.
Slowed Relaxation in Fatigued Skeletal Muscle Fibers of Xenopus and Mouse

Slowing of relaxation is an important characteristic of skeletal muscle fatigue. The aim of the present study was to quantify the relative contribution of altered Ca2+ handling (calcium component) and factors down-stream to Ca2+ (cross-bridge component) to the slowing of relaxation in fatigued fibers of Xenopus and mouse. Two types of Xenopus fibers were used: easily fatigued, type 1 fibers and fatigue resistant, type 2 fibers. In these Xenopus fibers the free myoplasmic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) was measured with indo-1, and the relaxation of Ca2+-derived force, constructed from tetanic [Ca2+]i records and in vivo [Ca2+]i-force curves, was analyzed. An alternative method was used in both Xenopus and mouse fibers: fibers were rapidly shortened during the initial phase of relaxation, and the time to the peak of force redevelopment was measured. These two methods gave similar results and showed proportional slowing of the calcium and cross-bridge components of relaxation in both fatigued type 1 and type 2 Xenopus fibers, whereas only the cross-bridge component was slowed in fatigued mouse fibers. Ca2+ removal from the myoplasm during relaxation was markedly less effective in Xenopus fibers as compared to mouse fibers. Fatigued Xenopus fibers displayed a reduced rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak. Some fibers were stretched at various times during relaxation. The resistance to these stretches was increased during fatigue, especially in Xenopus fibers, which indicates that longitudinal movements during relaxation had become less pronounced and this might contribute to the increased cross-bridge component of relaxation in fatigue. In conclusion, slowing of relaxation in fatigued Xenopus fibers is caused by impaired Ca2+ handling and altered cross-bridge kinetics, whereas the slowing in mouse fibers is only due to altered cross-bridge kinetics.
Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial comparing clinafloxacin with imipenem as empirical monotherapy for febrile granulocytopenic patients.

In a double-blind, multicenter trial, 541 febrile granulocytopenic patients were randomized to receive either intravenous (iv) clinafloxacin (200 mg every 12 h) or i.v. imipenem (500 mg every 6 h) as empirical monotherapy. More baseline pathogens were susceptible to clinafloxacin (259 [99%] of 262 organisms) than to imipenem (253 [95%] of 265; P=.03). Initial favorable clinical response rates for clinafloxacin (88 [32%] of 272 patients) and imipenem (89 [33%] of 269) were similar. After addition of other antimicrobial agents, overall response rates were 259 (95%) of 272 for clinafloxacin and 251 (93%) of 269 for imipenem. During the study, only 13 clinafloxacin (5%) and 18 imipenem (7%) recipients died. Both drugs were generally well tolerated. Drug-related skin rash occurred more often with clinafloxacin (11% vs. 6%; P=.07), whereas nausea (2% vs. 5%; P=.16), Clostridium-difficile-associated diarrhea (3% vs. 8%; P=.02), and seizures (0% vs. 2%; P=.06) occurred more often with imipenem. These results suggest that clinafloxacin and imipenem have similar efficacy as empirical monotherapy in febrile granulocytopenic patients.
A Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition using the STAAM

This paper proposes a real-time person independent facial expression recognition in two folds. One is using the stereo active appearance model (STAAM) fitting algorithm that uses a geometric relationship between two tightly coupled views to increases the accuracy and speed of fitting. Also, a layered generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) classifier combines 3D shape and appearance to improve the recognition performance of person independent facial expressions. Experimental results show that the STAAM have a better fitting stability than the multi-view AAM (MVAAM), and the combination of the shape and appearance features using a layered GDA classifier improves the recognition performance official expressions greatly