Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐6 production in contracting human skeletal muscle is influenced by pre‐exercise muscle glycogen content

1 Prolonged exercise results in a progressive decline in glycogen content and a concomitant increase in the release of the cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) from contracting muscle. This study tests the hypothesis that the exercise‐induced IL‐6 release from contracting muscle is linked to the intramuscular glycogen availability. 2 Seven men performed 5 h of a two‐legged knee‐extensor exercise, with one leg with normal, and one leg with reduced, muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsies were obtained before (pre‐ex), immediately after (end‐ex) and 3 h into recovery (3 h rec) from exercise in both legs. In addition, catheters were placed in one femoral artery and both femoral veins and blood was sampled from these catheters prior to exercise and at 1 h intervals during exercise and into recovery. 3 Pre‐exercise glycogen content was lower in the glycogen‐depleted leg compared with the control leg. Intramuscular IL‐6 mRNA levels increased with exercise in both legs, but this increase was augmented in the leg having the lowest glycogen content at end‐ex. The arterial plasma concentration of IL‐6 increased from 0.6 ± 0.1 ng l−1 pre‐ex to 21.7 ± 5.6 ng l−1 end‐ex. The depleted leg had already released IL‐6 after 1 h (4.38 ± 2.80 ng min−1 (P < 0.05)), whereas no significant release was observed in the control leg (0.36 ± 0.14 ng min−1). A significant net IL‐6 release was not observed until 2 h in the control leg. 4 This study demonstrates that glycogen availability is associated with alterations in the rate of IL‐6 production and release in contracting skeletal muscle.
Co-evolutionary stability in the alternating-offer negotiation

Co-evolution has been proved by experiments to be a promising technique to achieve the automatic acquisition of the optimal strategies in automated negotiations. However, little theoretical work can be found currently to verify its validity. In this paper, we will use evolutionary game theory and replicator dynamics as theoretical foundation and study the co-evolutionary stability of the sub-game perfect equilibrium in alternating-offer protocol, which is widely used in the e-commerce negotiations. We first propose a reasonable assumption, then prove the sub-game perfect equilibrium can repel any rare mutations occurred on its equilibrium and non-equilibrium paths, and finally draw a conclusion that the sub-game perfect strategy is co-evolutionary stable. In the end of this paper, we design an experiment with co-evolutionary genetic algorithm and validate the conclusion.
A Socioscientific Curriculum Facilitating the Development of Distal and Proximal NOS Conceptualizations

This study reports the effects of an innovative introductory microbiology course for undergraduates that used a socioscientific issues (SSI)-based curriculum. The study illustrates how an SSI-based intervention provides learners with pragmatic opportunities for cultivating their scientific literacy subsuming the nature of science (NOS). Empirical data measured 26 undergraduates' distal and proximal knowledge of the NOS with respect to their ability to reason. The instruments used in this case study yielded qualitative data, which were coded using NVivo7 and inductively analyzed. All data analyses were subject to instrumental triangulation, inter-rater reliability, and member-checking. These analyses determined that undergraduates' formal epistemological knowledge of professional science matured. These changes accompanied improved reasoning skills and matured beliefs about the NOS. In particular, students' reasoning changed as they realized that scientific knowledge is never absolute or certain but tentative and subject to change. In general, the findings suggest that this SSI-based curriculum enhanced collegiate students' understanding of social issues that affect their lives. Implications of this research are discussed.
A study on using mid-wave infrared images for face recognition

The problem of face identication in the Mid-Wave InfraRed (MWIR) spectrum is studied in order to understand the performance of intra-spectral (MWIR to MWIR) and cross-spectral (visible to MWIR) matching. The contributions of this work are two-fold. First, a database of 50 subjects is assembled and used to illustrate the challenges associated with the problem. Second, a set of experiments is performed in order to demonstrate the possibility of MWIR intra-spectral and cross-spectral matching. Experiments show that images captured in the MWIR band can be eciently matched to MWIR images using existing techniques (originally not designed to address such a problem). These results are comparable to the baseline results, i.e., when comparing visible to visible face images. Experiments also show that cross-spectral matching (the heterogeneous problem, where gallery and probe sets have face images acquired in dierent spectral bands) is a very challenging problem. In order to perform cross-spectral matching, we use multiple texture descriptors and demonstrate that fusing these descriptors improves recognition performance. Experiments on a small database, suggests that the problem of cross-spectral matching requires further investigation.
11.4 A 67,392-SPAD PVTB-compensated multi-channel digital SiPM with 432 column-parallel 48ps 17b TDCs for endoscopic time-of-flight PET

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique for non-invasive detection of glucose metabolism in human organs, such as the brain, heart, and lungs. A positron-emitting molecule, generally Fluorodeoxyglucose-18 (18F-FDG), is injected and subsequently identified by coincident detection of two gamma photons released during the annihilation of an electron with the positron lost by 1BF-FDG. Conventionally, coincident gamma photons are detected through scintillation by two sensors placed at 180° in a ring of identical sensors. In EndoTOFPET-US, two sensors are used, one placed in a semicircular ring outside the patient and the other placed on an endoscope. The endoscopic sensor is a miniaturized array of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) coupled to a mini-scintillator. To exploit the Fishburn-Seifert lower bound in timing resolution, a large number of photon timestamps must be generated, as is done in a multi-channel digital SiPM (MD-SiPM).
E.E.G. activity during halothane anaesthesia in man.

The effects of i.v. administration of suxamethonium and noxious stimulation induced by skin incision on the e.e.g. were studied during halothane anaesthesia in man. These stimuli induced activation of the e.e.g. which was represented by either low-voltage fast waves or high-voltage slow waves. The low-voltage fast wave response was observed in adult patients while the high-voltage slow wave response was the predominant response in infants and children aged less than 8 yr. Suxamethonium induced the high-voltage slow wave response in 77% of cases; skin incision in 88%. The e.e.g. of four infants aged less than 60 days did not show activation with either stimulus. Both types of e.e.g. activation were associated with an increase in heart rate, increase in arterial pressure and pupillary dilatation. The possible mechanisms involved in the production of activation of e.e.g. by i.v. administration of suxamethonium are discussed.
A DISCRETE PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM FOR JOB-SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM TO MAXIMIZING PRODUCTION

This paper researches on a special job-shop scheduling problem meeting capabilities of equipments and different due-dates. Its model is developed, which can accord process capacity and different due-dates in numerous jobs to select some to process, and the objective is as far as possible to maximize output. In order to solve complex scheduling problems proposed in this paper, a discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented to optimize it. To test the performance of the novel algorithm, we use some randomly generated instances to simulate solving the practical problems. Computational experiments show significant improvement over an existing particle swarm optimization algorithm.
In vivo evidence for GABAA receptor changes in the sensorimotor system in primary dystonia

Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that impaired gamma‐aminobutyric (GABA) control, leading to disinhibition within the sensorimotor system, might play a role in dystonia. Aim of this study is the in vivo assessment of the GABAergic system in dystonia using positron emission tomography (PET) and 11C‐flumazenil, a selective GABAA receptor ligand.
Emergence of Printing and Spelling Skills from Constructed-Response Matching-to-Sample Instruction (CRMTS)

Computer-based matching-to-sample teaching procedures were used to establish copying and spelling skills in preschool children. In Experiment 1, 5 participants were exposed to training with trigrams that formed familiar words. First, copying was taught followed by spelling the word (on the computer). All participants learned to copy and spell the words. They also showed the emergence of generalized spelling and printing skills on posttests. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 with additional participants, but with trigrams that did not form words. Some, but not all participants in Experiment 2, showed generalized spelling and printing skills. In Experiment 3, 5 children and their mothers participated in an evaluation of table-top methods similar to the computer-based methods employed earlier. Following training, the mothers taught word spelling to their children. The teaching focused on correct spelling of complex morphemes. All children generalized the correct spelling of those morphemes to untrained word that contained them.
General theory for spontaneous emission in active dielectric microstructures: Example of a fiber amplifier

A model for spontaneous emission in active dielectric microstructures is given in terms of the classical electric ﬁeld Green’s tensor and the quantum-mechanical operators for the generating currents. A formalism is given for calculating the Green’s tensor, which does not rely on the existence of a complete power orthogonal set of electromagnetic modes, and the formalism may therefore be applied to microstructures with gain and/or absorption. The Green’s tensor is calculated for an optical ﬁber ampliﬁer, and the spontaneous emission in ﬁber ampliﬁers is studied with respect to the position, transition frequency, and vector orientation of a spatially localized current source. Radiation patterns are studied using a Poynting vector approach taking into account ampliﬁcation or absorption from an active medium in the ﬁber.
Vector quantization for multiple classes

Vector quantization algorithms have long been used to find a finite set of exemplars which represent a data set to within an a priori error tolerance. Such a representation is essential in codebook-based data compression and transmission. The present study considers the situation where the data to be encoded consists of subclasses. The codebook must provide information compression within the several subclasses; however, minimization of interclass errors is of equal importance. We present modifications to a basic vector quantization (VQ) algorithm which adapts it to the multiclass vector quantizing setting. We then explore the behavior of the modified algorithm on selected benchmark applications. We show, in particular, that overlapping subclasses can be accommodated by the algorithm.
Attitudes and Acceptance of Oral and Parenteral HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis among Potential User Groups: A Multinational Study

Background The use of antiviral medications by HIV negative people to prevent acquisition of HIV or pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has shown promising results in recent trials. To understand the potential impact of PrEP for HIV prevention, in addition to efficacy data, we need to understand both the acceptability of PrEP among members of potential user groups and the factors likely to determine uptake. Methods and findings Surveys of willingness to use PrEP products were conducted with 1,790 members of potential user groups (FSWs, MSM, IDUs, SDCs and young women) in seven countries: Peru, Ukraine, India, Kenya, Botswana, Uganda and South Africa. Analyses of variance were used to assess levels of acceptance across different user groups and countries. Conjoint analysis was used to examine the attitudes and preferences towards hypothetical and known attributes of PrEP programs and medications. Overall, members of potential user groups were willing to consider taking PrEP (61% reported that they would definitely use PrEP). Current results demonstrate that key user groups in different countries perceived PrEP as giving them new possibilities in their lives and would consider using it as soon as it becomes available. These results were maintained when subjects were reminded of potential side effects, the need to combine condom use with PrEP, and for regular HIV testing. Across populations, route of administration was considered the most important attribute of the presented alternatives. Conclusions Despite multiple conceivable barriers, there was a general willingness to adopt PrEP in key populations, which suggests that if efficacious and affordable, it could be a useful tool in HIV prevention. There would be a willingness to experience inconvenience and expense at the levels included in the survey. The results suggest that delivery in a long lasting injection would be a good target in drug development.
Automatic Verb Classification Using Distributions of Grammatical Features

We apply machine learning techniques to classify automatically a set of verbs into lexical semantic classes, based on distributional approximations of diatheses, extracted from a very large annotated corpus. Distributions of four grammatical features are sufficient to reduce error rate by 50% over chance. We conclude that corpus data is a usable repository of verb class information, and that corpus-driven extraction of grammatical features is a promising methodology for automatic lexical acquisition.
A Note on Archetypal Analysis and the Approximation of Convex Hulls

We briefly review the basic ideas behind archetypal analysis for matrix factorization and discuss its behavior in approximating the convex hull of a data sample. We then ask how good such approximations can be and consider different cases. Understanding archetypal analysis as the problem of computing a convexity constrained low-rank approximation of the identity matrix provides estimates for archetypal analysis and the SiVM heuristic.
An Evaluation of MWR Retrievals of Liquid Water Path and Precipitable Water Vapor

accuracy of the LWP from about 5 to 15 g/m 2 . The errors in the forward model absorption coefficients may well produce a bias in the retrieval results. These errors become apparent when comparing clear-sky measurements and calculations of the brightness temperature at 31 GHz. The PWV accuracy appears to be quite good for clear-sky cases (a few percent), but was degraded in the cloudy-sky case presented here to about 5 percent.
Effectiveness of participatory adolescent strategic health action (PASHA) for lifestyle modification among adolescents

Introduction: Lifestyle modification is one of the methods to promote healthy lifestyle among adolescents. In this study, the researcher planned to develop, implement and evaluate a need based Participatory Adolescent Strategic Health Action (PASHA) for lifestyle modification among selected adolescents. Materials and Methods: An evaluative approach with Quasi experimental one group pretest post test design (time series) was adopted. Sample constituted 103 adolescents, aged 12-17 years studying in high schools and pre university colleges of Udupi district selected based on convenient sampling. Data was gathered using reliable and valid tools. Results: The mean combined preventive health lifestyle score among all adolescents increased from 75.65-81.56. Similarly the number of adolescents with healthy lifestyle score also increased from 28.2-53.4% after practicing for 180 days. Analysis of all the components of lifestyle showed that the adolescents had adopted healthy lifestyle practices in all the components of lifestyle. The number of adolescents with combined health status score also showed an increase from 31.1-54.4% after implementing PASHA practice. Analysis of reported outcome among subjects indicated that PASHA was motivating to improve their lifestyle practices. Conclusion: PASHA was found to be effective in lifestyle modification of adolescents. It is reiterated that when lifestyle modification is to be done, a strategy to improve self directedness and self efficacy should be adopted.
Job scheduling on a hypercube

The problem of scheduling n independent jobs on an m-dimensional hypercube system to minimize the finish time is discussed. After some preliminary definitions are given, it is shown that a simple nonpreemptive algorithm, called largest dimension first, can have an asymptotic optimal performance and an absolute bound no worse than 2-1/2/sup m/. An absolute lower bound for the schedules generated by any algorithm using decreasing dimension lists is proved. A preemptive scheduling algorithm is also given. <<ETX>>
Representative Families of Product Families

A subfamily F′ of a set family F is said to q-represent F if for every A ∈ F and B of size q such that A∩B = ∅ there exists a set A′ ∈ F′ such that A′ ∩ B = ∅. Recently, we provided an algorithm that, for a given family F of sets of size p together with an integer q, efficiently computes a q-representative family F′ of F of size approximately (p+q p). In this article, we consider the efficient computation of q-representative families for product families F. A family F is a product family if there exist families A and B such that F = { A, ∪, B : A ∈ A, B ∈ B, A, ∩, B = ∅}. Our main technical contribution is an algorithm that, given A, B and q, computes a q-representative family F′ of F. The running time of our algorithm is sublinear in |F| for many choices of A, B, and q that occur naturally in several dynamic programming algorithms. We also give an algorithm for the computation of q-representative families for product families F in the more general setting where q-representation also involves independence in a matroid in addition to disjointness. This algorithm considerably outperforms the naive approach where one first computes F from A and B and then computes the q-representative family F′ from F. We give two applications of our new algorithms for computing q-representative families for product families. The first is a 3.8408knO(1) deterministic algorithm for the Multilinear Monomial Detection (k-MlD) problem. The second is a significant improvement of deterministic dynamic programming algorithms for “connectivity problems” on graphs of bounded treewidth.
Absence of junctional rhythm during successful slow-pathway ablation in patients with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.

BACKGROUND The presence of junctional rhythm has been considered to be a sensitive marker of successful slow-pathway ablation. However, in rare cases, junctional rhythm was absent despite multiple radiofrequency applications delivered over a large area in the Koch's triangle, and successful ablation was achieved in the absence of a junctional rhythm. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 353 patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (143 men and 210 women; mean age, 50+/-17 years) who underwent catheter ablation of the slow pathway. Combined anatomic and electrogram approaches were used to guide ablation. Inducibility of AV nodal reentrant tachycardia was assessed after each application of radiofrequency energy. Successful sites were located in the posterior area in 18 (90%) of 20 patients without junctional rhythm during slow-pathway ablation compared with 200 (60%) of 333 patients with junctional rhythm (P<0.001). The fast-slow form of tachycardia was more common in patients without than in those with junctional rhythm (30% versus 3%; P=0.001). At the successful ablation sites, patients with junctional rhythm had a higher incidence of a multicomponent or slow-pathway potential (51% versus 10%; P<0.001), a longer duration of the atrial electrogram (64+/-8 versus 50+/-9 ms; P=0.04), and a smaller atrial/ventricular electrogram amplitude ratio (0.29+/-0.18 versus 0.65+/-0.27; P<0. 001) than those without junctional rhythm. Mean temperatures at successful sites (56+/-6 degreesC versus 58+/-9 degreesC; P=0.57) and incidence of transient AV block (2% versus 0%; P=0.86) were similar between patients with and without junctional rhythms. By multivariate analysis, location of ablation sites, atrial/ventricular electrogram amplitude ratio, absence of a multicomponent or slow-pathway potential, and occurrence of the fast-slow form of tachycardia were independent predictors of the absence of a junctional rhythm during successful slow-pathway ablation. CONCLUSIONS In some rare cases, successful slow-pathway ablation is possible in the absence of a junctional rhythm.
How educator attitudes, knowledge, and practice impact the academic achievement of students who have epilepsy: A phenomenological investigation of Canadian secondary school teachers

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover how teacher attitude, knowledge, and practice with epilepsy impact the academic achievement of students who have epilepsy. This study assumed that middle school teachers perceive students diagnosed with epilepsy as lower academic achievers when compared to students who do not have epilepsy. The stigma associated with labels, such as epileptic, can negatively impact the academic performance of children with this disorder. For this study, stigma was generally defined as the negative perceptions about epilepsy held by middle school teachers. The participants included six middle school teachers from the Anglophone West School District in New Brunswick, Canada. The data collection techniques for the study were (a) interviews, (b) surveys, and (c) a focus group. The phenomenological analysis based on Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen's method was used to analyze the data. The study results revealed that middle school teachers who teach in the Anglophone West School District need training in how to properly teach and care for students who have epilepsy.
Scheduling of Data Transcription in Periodically Connected Databases

Abstract Contemporary data management in applications such as pervasive systems, Web‐based supply chain management, data warehouses, and Web crawlers involve the periodic transcription of data onto secondary devices in a networked environment. In this paper, we focus on the scheduling of periodic data transcription in append‐only environments, such as e‐mail inboxes, newsgroups, technical support bulletin boards, or procurement requests. If the client connects to the server too frequently, the client will nearly always have up‐to‐date information, but the usage of network resources may be excessive. Conversely, very infrequent connections will conserve network resources, but the client's data may often be significantly out of date, which may also be costly (in terms of lost opportunities, for example). Thus, the best transcription policies should make on optimal trade‐off between these costs. Our approach to evaluating this trade‐off is to use modeling techniques from the field of stochastic processes. The paper presents a general model for data insertions on the server side, using compound nonhomogeneous Poisson processes, and compares several transcription policies in terms of both transcription cost and obsolescence cost. The comparisons use a validation data set from a real data feed, and our models were calibrated using a separate training set from the same feed. We find that transcription policies based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson arrival model often outperform simpler policies.