Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
State-space construction for scalar continuous-time transfer function via Nerode equivalence

In this paper we show that a minimal state space realisation in Jordan canonical form for linear continuous-time systems described by rational transfer function could be obtained in a natural and basic way by using the concept of Nerode equivalence. whilst the state space realisation is known, the contribution of this note is that the proposed realisation procedure is directly introduced and not like other alternatives which are all introduced in a somewhat ad hoc way. The basic idea of Nerode equivalence is that the state can be identified with a corresponding equivalence class of inputs. For a linear finite dimensional time-invariant continuous-time system, the zero state is identified with the kernel of certain Hankel operator. This characterisation via Nerode equivalence class sheds light on the construction of state for general nonlinear input-output systems.
‘She was a person, she was here’: The experience of late pregnancy loss in Australia

Objective: To describe Australian women’s experience of late pregnancy loss, with a particular emphasis on their experiences with the health care system. Background: Stillbirth occurs in 1 of every 200 births, yet little research attention has been paid to women’s experiences of stillbirth or the role of heath care providers in helping them cope with this profoundly distressing experience. Methods: Qualitative analysis of 14 Australian women’s descriptions of their recent stillbirth experiences, collected via an online survey. Results: Women generally described the experience of pregnancy loss as exceptionally distressing, but health care providers as positive and supportive. They were more negative about hospital policies and procedures, and about ambiguities and misunderstandings which increased their distress. Conclusion: Most women interpreted the experience as the birth and death of a baby, and as a major family tragedy, while at least some health care professionals appeared to view it primarily as a medical problem. This mismatch in perceptions appeared on occasions to exacerbate levels of distress and to result in care that was focused on medical rather than personal concerns.
Factors affecting the diffusion of the Computer-Based Patient Record

A survey of the perceptions of 629 informatics experts representing 67 institutions with accredited schools of medicine was used to identify factors most important in implementing the Computer-Based Patient Record. A model outlined three theoretical factors: Innovation Attributes (attributes inherent in the CPR itself); Organizational Attributes; and Boundary-Spanning Attributes (related to marketing efforts). The model was explored using multiple regression techniques to delineate the relative importance of 15 variables within the three sets of factors and their effect on two measures of diffusion. The two dependent variables were internal diffusion, or spread of usage of the CPR, and infusion, or depth of usage. Data from the 144 respondents indicate that for diffusion, the organizational variables of "decision making" and "planning" had a significant impact, although the relation between "planning" and diffusion was negative. For infusion, the Innovation Attributes variable "visibility" was significant. The major implication is that successfully encouraging usage of the CPR entails attention and resources devoted to managing the organizational aspects of implementation.
Immunoreactivation of Epstein‐Barr virus due to cytomegalovirus primary infection

Serological diagnosis of herpes virus infections is hampered by concurrent expression of IgM for heterologous members of this virus family. To assess the frequency of such multiple diagnostic findings and to understand their etiology, we sought by using IgG, IgM, and IgG avidity test serodiagnoses for Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) among immunocompetent or immune‐suppressed patients with well‐documented cytomegalovirus (CMV) primary infection. Controls had primary infection by EBV or had acute septic or severe respiratory infection. Among EBV‐seropositive patients with CMV primary infection, a large proportion (13/56, 23%) showed antibody profiles of EBV reactivation: seroconversion of VCA IgM and/or ⩾ fourfold rise of VCA IgG, together with high or intermediate avidity of VCA IgG. Most of the CMV patients with EBV serodiagnosis showed also diagnostic HHV‐6 antibody rises. In contrast to the frequently occurring CMV‐induced EBV immunoreactivation, EBV primary infections did not appear to induce immunoreactivations of CMV (0/22). Only one (2%) CMV patient had a significant varicella zoster virus (VZV) antibody rise. The studies show that CMV is a particularly active inducer of some, but not all, members of the herpes virus family and suggest that the in vivo interplay between CMV and EBV occurs unidirectionally. The high frequency of heterologous herpes virus immunoreactivations poses demands on laboratory diagnosis. J. Med. Virol. 56:186–191, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fuzzy Virtual Impedance Based on Fuzzy Instruction in Human-Vehicle Interaction

In the field of human-machine interaction mechanical impedance has become well implement. However, in humanvehicle interaction there is a variant environment when drivin a vehicle, thus apart from cooperating with human, an impedance is needed to adapt to the variant environment. But as being a second order mass-viscosity-stiffness model with fixed parameters, for mechanical impedance it is difficult to adapt to variational constraints. In this paper, a fuzzy virtual impedance of vehicle is studied. Fuzzy virtual impedance is based on fuzzy instruction that is a fuzzy set of control instruction candidates with reasoning of TS fuzzy model. The characteristics of achieved impedance is as a spring part with variable parameter so as to adapt to the variant road situation. A human-vehicle cooperation experiment was preformed to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed impedance and verify the adaptability to variational constraints.
The historical and political context of adult literacy in Turkey

The aim of this article is to analyse the development of adult literacy education in Turkey in a historical and political context. The development of adult literacy education is studied in three different historical periods. To spread literacy and create novel institutions, although these institutions were closed later, played a critical role in the formation of modern Turkey. During the whole history of modern Turkey, five great mass literacy campaigns were organised. After this period of construction, later in the period of rapid social change adult literacy education was institutionalised as non‐formal education within Ministry of National Education and literacy education was defined as a public service. Literacy education still continues to be a public service during the neo liberal transformation period. Today illiteracy is still an important problem. Because of the regional, class and gender inequalities in education, illiteracy turned into being a chronic and structural problem. Therefore the solution of the problem necessitates positive action politics and more support.
Main Memory Database Systems: An Overview

Main memory database systems (MMDBs) store their data in main physical memory and provide very high-speed access. Conventional database systems are optimized for the particular characteristics of disk storage mechanisms. Memory resident systems, on the other hand, use different optimizations to structure and organize data, as well as to make it reliable. The authors survey the major memory residence optimizations and briefly discuss some of the MMDBs that have been designed or implemented. >
Type classes with more higher-order polymorphism

We propose an extension of Haskell's type class system with lambda abstractions in the type language. Type inference for our extension relies on a novel constrained unification procedure called guided higher-order unification. This unification procedure is more general than Haskell's kind-preserving unification but less powerful than full higher-order unification.The main technical result is the soundness and completeness of the unification rules for the fragment of lambda calculus that we admit on the type level.
Double-Decker Definitions: The Role of Frames in Meaning Explanations

This article maintains that certain kinds of structured background information (or "frames") should be treated as essential components or accompaniments of word definitions. For ordinary print dictionaries, the provision of such information would amount to a very large investment. Instead, we should be thinking in terms of a dictionary on compact disk or preferably a web utility with hyperlinks facilitating easy access to the necessary background information. Since a single background frame, entered only once, can serve many word senses, its description could be made accessible from all of the relevant entries; it does not need to occupy space within the text of individual entries. The advent of the electronic format thus makes it possible to fully integrate frame-based lexicoencyclopedic information into lexicographic descriptions.
Speech augmented multitouch interaction patterns

Touch- and voice-based input have emerged as the most popular and relevant interaction modes to enable a natural interaction with computer systems. However, until now, they have mostly been treated separately. In particular, explicit design knowledge on the effective combinations of these modes for an improved user experience is currently not available in a comprehensive form. In this paper, we address this shortage and introduce design patterns which support developers in exploiting the possibilities of combined voice and touch interaction for newly developed systems, so that interaction with these systems becomes more natural for the respective end users.
Analysis of mobilization elements in plasmids from Shigella flexneri

The mobilization properties of three plasmids were examined after cotransfer from Shigella flexneri to Escherichia coli. The largest plasmid, pCN1, was shown to be a conjugative R factor that could promote its own transfer and allow cotransfer of a 4.1-kilobase plasmid, pCN3; mobilization of the third plasmid, pCN2 (6.3 kilobases), required the presence of both pCN1 and pCN3. Sequences from pCN2 and pCN3 homologous to the bom (basis of mobilization) sites of ColE1 and pBR322 were localized by analysis of site-specific deletion derivatives generated in vivo during the transfer of composite plasmids and were characterized by DNA sequencing.
Physical exercise at midlife and risk of dementia three decades later: a population-based study of Swedish twins.

BACKGROUND With the number of people with dementia increasing, identifying potential protective factors has become more important. We explored the association between physical exercise at midlife and subsequent risk of dementia among members of the HARMONY study. METHODS Measures of exercise were obtained by the Swedish Twin Registry an average of 31 years prior to dementia assessment. Dementia was diagnosed using a two-stage procedure--screening for cognitive impairment followed by full clinical evaluation. We used two study designs: case-control analyses included 264 cases with dementia (176 had Alzheimer's disease) and 2870 controls; co-twin control analyses included 90 twin pairs discordant for dementia. RESULTS In case-control analyses, controlling for age, sex, education, diet (eating fruits and vegetables), smoking, drinking alcohol, body mass index, and angina, light exercise such as gardening or walking and regular exercise involving sports were associated with reduced odds of dementia compared to hardly any exercise (odds ratio [OR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.91 for light exercise; OR = 0.34, 95% CI, 0.16-0.72 for regular exercise). Findings were similar for Alzheimer's disease alone. In co-twin control analyses, controlling for education, the association between higher levels of exercise and lower odds of dementia approached significance (OR = 0.50, 95% CI, 0.23-1.06; p =.072). CONCLUSIONS Exercise at midlife may reduce the odds of dementia in older adulthood, suggesting that exercise interventions should be explored as a potential strategy for delaying disease onset.
Semantic Matchmaking for Kinect-Based Posture and Gesture Recognition

Innovative analysis methods applied to data extracted by off-the-shelf peripherals can provide useful results in activity recognition without requiring large computational resources. In this paper a framework is proposed for automated posture and gesture recognition, exploiting depth data provided by a commercial tracking device. The detection problem is handled as a semantic-based resource discovery. A general data model and the corresponding ontology provide the formal underpinning for automatic posture and gesture annotation via standard Semantic Web languages. Hence, a logic-based matchmaking, exploiting non-standard inference services, allows to: (i) detect postures via on-the-fly comparison of the retrieved annotations with standard posture descriptions stored as instances of a proper Knowledge Base, (ii) compare subsequent postures in order to recognize gestures. The framework has been implemented in a prototypical tool and experimental tests have been carried out on a reference dataset. Preliminary results indicate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
NEMS by Sidewall Transfer Lithography

A batch fabrication process for nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) based on sidewall transfer lithography (STL) is demonstrated. The STL is used to form nanoscale flexible silicon suspensions entirely by conventional photolithography. A two-step process for combining microscale and nanoscale features is used to fabricate double-ended and single-ended electrothermal actuators with a minimum feature width of 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 40:1. All devices are fabricated by deep reactive ion etching in 4.5-μm-thick silicon using bonded silicon-on-insulator material. The process could allow low cost fabrication of nanoscale sensors and actuators.
Dissolved organic monomer partitioning among bacterial groups in two oligotrophic lakes

Summary Understanding how resource partitioning works among taxa is crucial in explaining coexistence and competition within a community. Here, we assessed resource partitioning among freshwater bacterial groups from two oligotrophic lakes using four types of organic substrates as compound models. Substrate uptake patterns were examined by microautoradiography combined with catalysed reporter deposition fluorescent in situ hybridization. Four large taxonomic groups were found in the lakes, but A ctinobacteria (AcI lineage) and B etaproteobacteria (R‐BTcluster) dominated the bacterial assemblage. Monomers containing nitrogen and/or phosphorus were preferred over the ones containing only carbon. All groups were able to incorporate amino acids, adenosine triphosphate and glucose. However, acetate was only taken up by ∼ 10–12% of bacteria, and its uptake was not detected in C ytophaga‐F lavobacteria. Apart from acetate, the contribution of a particular bacterial group to the uptake of a substrate was proportional to its relative abundance. In both lakes, we detected substrate partitioning between AcI Actinobacteria, which was overrepresented in glucose and acetate utilization, and R‐BT B etaproteobacteria, which dominated amino acid uptake. Our results strongly point to physiological niche separation of those bacterial groups in alpine lakes.
Neurodevelopmental maturation as a function of irritable temperament

Few studies have investigated the neural systems involved in decreasing behavioral reactivity to emotional stimuli as children age. It has been suggested that this process may interact with temperament‐linked variations in neurodevelopment to better explain individual differences in the maturation of emotion regulation. In this investigation, children ages 4 to 12 (n = 30, mean age = 7.62 years, SD = 1.71 years) and adults (n = 21, mean age = 26.67 years) watched clips from popular children's films containing positive, negative, or neutral emotional content during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Compared to adults, children demonstrated greater activation in subcortical and visual regions (hippocampus, thalamus, visual cortex, fusiform) during negative clips and greater activation of subcortical and prefrontal regions during positive clips (hippocampus, thalamus, caudate, ACC, OFC, superior frontal cortex). In children only, we found an age by temperament interaction in frontal and subcortical regions indicating that activation increased as a function of age in the most irritable children, but decreased as a function of age in the least irritable children. Findings were not present in the temperament domain of fear. Findings replicate and extend the existing irritability literature, indicating that healthy children highest in irritability may develop comparatively greater activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex in order to support adaptive regulation during emotional challenges. These results are discussed within the context of the emerging literature on the utility of complex, multidimensional, and naturalistic stimuli, which present a complementary alternative to understanding ecologically valid and sustained neural responses to emotionally evocative stimuli. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5307–5321, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Research Techniques in AERJ Articles: 1969 to 1978

niques. Glass (Note 1), in an address to professors of educational research, discussed Kaplan's (1964) distinction between scientific methods and techniques. Methods are cross-disciplinary principles such as replication, generalization, and causation, whereas techniques are discipline-specific procedures for the conduct of research. Glass classified techniques by their genesis among major disciplinesagronomy, cultural anthropology, biology, economics, psychology, and sociology. He discussed the three major techniques in use in educational research at that time: Fisherian experimental design, common factor analysis, and Neyman-Pearson decision theory, and he advocated greater interdisciplinary training in scientific methods and techniques. His recommendation was based on a number of premises that bear reiteration, his paper not being published.
Defining electronic data interchange transactions with UML

The application-to-application exchange of business data, known as electronic data interchange (EDI), has not fulfilled the expected potential. The focus for the development of EDI standards should be shifted from the interchange file to the information contained within the business process. The use of object oriented techniques to model the semantics of business data permits the differentiation from IT specific requirements. We present the OO-edi approach. OO-edi is based on UML and the Rational Unified Process (RUP). Nevertheless, RUP is only a framework and guidelines on how to exactly apply modeling must be specified. The presented customization of RUP is called UMM (UN/CEFACT's modeling methodology).
Asymptotic Performance Analysis of Coded BLAST Architectures with Statistical Rate and Power Allocations

In this paper we first analyze some mathematical properties of ergodic capacity and outage capacity functions of the layers in Bell labs layered space-time (BLAST) architectures employing successive decoding and interference cancellation. We then present statistical rate allocation and power allocation methods that optimize the asymptotic performance of BLAST architectures. Since the methods are developed by using ergodic capacity and outage capacity functions of the layers, the allocated rates and powers depend only on a given channel statistic. Finally, we prove that the rate allocation yields a better asymptotic performance than the power allocation. Numerical results show that BLAST architectures with the rate and power allocation perform better by 4 dB and 3 dB, respectively, than a BLAST architecture with the same rate and power in all layers.
Understanding the Epistemology of Ethnic Identity Development in Multiethnic College Students

We examined the nuances of multiethnic identity in 22 self-identifying mixed ethnic college students ranging from 17 years of age to 27 years of age via semistructured interviews. Majority of the sample was predominantly female. The participants were recruited from two institutions in a metropolitan area of the Eastern United States. Results suggest an expansion of the definition of situational identity (Renn, 2000) and a triplaned understanding of ethnic identity development and assessment in relation to epistemology for this population.
Towards Semantic Music Information Extraction from the Web Using Rule Patterns and Supervised Learning

We present rst steps towards automatic Music Information Extraction, i.e., methods to automatically extract semantic information and relations about musical entities from arbitrary textual sources. The corresponding approaches allow us to derive structured meta-data from unstructured or semi-structured sources and can be used to build advanced recommendation systems and browsing interfaces. In this paper, several approaches to identify and extract two specic semantic relations from related Web documents are presented and evaluated. The addressed relations are members of a music band (band members) and artists’ discographies (artist albums;EPs;singles). In addition, the proposed methods are shown to be useful to relate (Web-)documents to musical artists. For all purposes, supervised learning approaches and rule-based methods are systematically evaluated on two dierent sets of Web documents.
Effects of Profilin and Thymosin β4 on the Critical Concentration of Actin Demonstrated in Vitro and in Cell Extracts with a Novel Direct Assay*

The free actin concentration at steady state, Ac, is a variable that determines how actin regulatory proteins influence the extent of actin polymerization. We describe a novel method employing fluorescence anisotropy to directly measure Ac in any sample after the addition of a trace amount of labeled thymosin β4 or thymosin β4 peptide. Using this assay, we confirm earlier theoretical work on the helical polymerization of actin and confirm the effects of actin filament-stabilizing drugs and capping proteins on Ac, thereby validating the assay. We also confirm a controversial prior observation that profilin lowers the critical concentration of Mg2+-actin. A general mechanism is proposed to explain this effect, and the first quantitative dose-response curve for the effect of profilin on Ac facilitates its evaluation. This mechanism also predicts the effect of profilin on critical concentration in the presence of the limited amount of capping protein, which is the condition often found in cells, and the effect of profilin on critical concentration in cell extracts is demonstrated for the first time. Additionally, nonlinear effects of thymosin β4 on the steady state amount of F-actin are explained by the observed changes in Ac. This assay has potential in vivo applications that complement those demonstrated in vitro.