Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Variable-Delay Random PWM for Automotive Applications

This paper presents the implementation of variable-delay random pulsewidth modulation (VD-RPWM) for an automotive traction drive inverter. RPWM is desirable as a means of reducing electromagnetic emissions from the inverter and minimizing electromagnetic-compatibility filtering requirements. It can also serve in reducing acoustic noise generated by the drive. The algorithm is implemented on a power-PC-based microprocessor. Experimental results are presented to verify the operation of the algorithm and its compatibility with basic motor-control functions. Spectrum plots of the phase current and voltage demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique in mitigating electromagnetic interference. The effects on torque ripple and acoustic noise are also investigated
Strategies to Secure End-to-end Communication – and Their Application to SCTP-based Communication

With the wide deployment of the Internet, security has become an increasingly important issue. Communication among distributed applications providing services have to be aware of security features, or have to be secured with external mechanisms otherwise. In this paper, several strategies to secure the communication of applications are discussed and compared. The realization of these strategies with SCTP is examined thereafter.
When does goal discrepancy induce compensatory effort? An application of self‐completion theory to social issues

The authors review research that applies self-completion theory to goals targeting other people (as in the case of stereotyping and prejudice), goals that aim at the achievement of a certain social identity and goals based on the social identity. It is demonstrated that goal discrepancies lead to compensation for social as well as for non-social goals. Based on self-completion theory it is proposed that the identity-relevance of the respective goal as well as the goal relevance of the subsequent task are of major importance considering the individuals’ compensation. The authors argue that the consideration of these factors advance our understanding of social phenomena. The current research review is about one’s reaction to a goal discrepancy – a psychological state whereby one’s desired level of progress toward a goal is discrepant from, or not aligned with, one’s actual standing in the goal pursuit. This review discusses the commonalities among various studies of outcomes resulting from goal discrepancy and addresses the question regarding under which circumstances goal discrepancies will lead to compensation (responses meant to counteract the discrepancy and facilitate goal attainment and the alleviation of the discrepancy). For this purpose, a brief summary of research on the consequences of goal discrepancies is given. Afterward, a theory will be discussed that makes clear assumptions about the circumstances that bring about compensation in face of goal discrepancies: Self-completion theory (Wicklund & Gollwitzer, 1982). Self-completion theory has mostly been applied to individual goals, such as achievement goals. We will argue that self-completion theory can and should also be applied to compensation regarding goals involving social issues. We address in detail the reactions to discrepancies regarding goals targeting other people (as in the case of stereotyping and prejudice), goals that aim at the achievement of a certain social identity and finally goals based on the social identity.
Mass customization and configuration: Requirement analysis and constraint based modeling propositions

The purpose of this paper is, on the one hand, to identify to define and classify customization requirements and, on the other hand, to evaluate how generic modeling and configuration assistance within the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) framework can fulfil the requirements. The aim is to provide commercial configurator knowledge base designers with constraint based generic modeling elements for customizable industrial product. A first part recalls the main trends of the configuration problem. In a second part divided in four sections corresponding with different requirement set; each section proposes a definition of the requirement set, some CSP based modeling elements and a discussion about adequacy of relevant configuration assistance techniques.
TTAnalyze: A Tool for Analyzing Malware

Malware analysis is the process of determining the purpose and functionality of a given malware sample (such as a virus, worm, or Trojan horse). This process is a necessary step to be able to develop effective detection techniques for malicious code. In addition, it is an important prerequisite for the development of removal tools that can thoroughly delete malware from an infected machine. Traditionally, malware analysis has been a manual process that is tedious and time-intensive. Unfortunately, the number of samples that need to be analyzed by security vendors on a daily basis is constantly increasing. This clearly reveals the need for tools that automate and simplify parts of the analysis process. In this paper, we present TTAnalyze, a tool for dynamically analyzing the behavior of Windows executables. To this end, the binary is run in an emulated operating system environment and its (security-relevant) actions are monitored. In particular, we record the Windows native system calls andWindows API functions that the program invokes. One important feature of our system is that it does not modify the program that it executes (e.g., through API call hooking or breakpoints), making it more difficult to detect by malicious code. Also, our tool runs binaries in an unmodified Windows environment, which leads to excellent emulation accuracy. These factors make TTAnalyze an ideal tool for quickly getting an understanding of the behavior of an unknown malware.
Supersymmetry with Radiatively-Driven Naturalness: Implications for WIMP and Axion Searches

By insisting on naturalness in both the electroweak and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sectors of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the portrait for dark matter production is seriously modified from the usual weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) miracle picture. In supersymmetry (SUSY) models with radiatively-driven naturalness (radiative natural SUSY or radiative natural SUSY (RNS)) which include a Dine–Fischler–Srednicki–Zhitnitsky (DFSZ)-like solution to the strong charge-conjugation-parity (CP) and SUSY \(\mu\) problems, dark matter is expected to be an admixture of both axions and higgsino-like WIMPs. The WIMP/axion abundance calculation requires simultaneous solution of a set of coupled Boltzmann equations which describe quasi-stable axinos and saxions. In most of parameter space, axions make up the dominant contribution of dark matter although regions of WIMP dominance also occur. We show the allowed range of Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scale \(f_a\) and compare to the values expected to be probed by the axion dark matter search experiment (ADMX) axion detector in the near future. We also show WIMP detection rates, which are suppressed from usual expectations, because now WIMPs comprise only a fraction of the total dark matter. Nonetheless, ton-scale noble liquid detectors should be able to probe the entirety of RNS parameter space. Indirect WIMP detection rates are less propitious since they are reduced by the square of the depleted WIMP abundance.
Depression-related attentional bias: The influence of symptom severity and symptom specificity

Attentional bias to negative information has been considered as a vulnerability factor for depression, enhancing susceptibility and maintenance of this disorder. Biased attention has been studied in clinically as well as subclinically depressed samples. The present study examined the relationship between attentional bias, symptom severity, and specific components of depression (cognitive, affective, and somatic). We compared attentional bias, measured with a modified spatial cueing task, for positive and negative words presented for 1500 ms across three groups of individuals: (1) a group of healthy controls; (2) individuals with mild symptoms; and (3) individuals with moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Maintained attention to negative information was found in individuals with higher symptom severity and was specifically associated with the cognitive symptoms of depression.
Applying the UTAUT to Understand Factors Affecting the Use of English E-Learning Websites in Taiwan

The evolution of the Internet diminishes learning’s limits on time and location and attracts more and more students to learning websites or online learning environments to pursue their chosen studies. The purpose of this study is to explore Taiwanese college students’ needs for English E-learning websites. Accordingly, this paper uses the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to investigate and explain Taiwanese college students’ acceptance of English E-learning websites. After analysis, the results demonstrate that performance expectations, effort expectancy, and social influence have positive effects on behavior intentions and facilitating conditions; behavioral intentions also have positive effects on use behavior. Overall, if students believe that English E-learning websites can help them increase their performance and that they are easy to use, there is an increase in their intention to use them. This suggests that web designers should improve knowledge management functions and improve user interfaces to be easier to operate.
The Interethnic Generalizability of Social Control Theory: An Empirical Test

Social control theory is used to model the self-reported delinquency in a sample of 788 Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish, and Dutch boys (all living in the Netherlands). Four hypotheses are tested: (a) social bonding variables predict variations in general delinquent involvement among Turkish, Surinamese, Moroccan, and Dutch male youths; (b) social bonding variables predict variations in a variety of types of delinquency involvement and deviance among Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Dutch male youths; (c) delinquent friends play the same role in the causation of general delinquency among Turkish, Moroccan, Surinamese, and Dutch male youths; and (d) the dimensions of the social bond are interrelated in the same way among all four ethnic groups. The multivariate analyses support the key propositions. The variables most consistently related to delinquency among the four samples are beliefs in conventional values, virtual (family) supervision, (school) conflict, and participation in unconventional leisure activities.
Genetic evidence for ecological divergence in kokanee salmon

The evolution of locally adapted phenotypes among populations that experience divergent selective pressures is a central mechanism for generating and maintaining biodiversity. Recently, the advent of high‐throughput DNA sequencing technology has provided tools for investigating the genetic basis of this process in natural populations of nonmodel organisms. Kokanee, the freshwater form of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), occurs as two reproductive ecotypes, which differ in spawning habitat (tributaries vs. shorelines); however, outside of the spawning season the two ecotypes co‐occur in many lakes and lack diagnostic morphological characteristics. We used restriction site‐associated DNA (RAD) sequencing to identify 6145 SNPs and genotype kokanee from multiple spawning sites in Okanagan Lake (British Columbia, Canada). Outlier tests revealed 18 loci putatively under divergent selection between ecotypes, all of which exhibited temporally stable allele frequencies within ecotypes. Six outliers were annotated to sequences in the NCBI database, two of which matched genes associated with early development. There was no evidence for neutral genetic differentiation; however, outlier loci demonstrated significant structure with respect to ecotype and had high assignment accuracy in mixed composition simulations. The absence of neutral structure combined with a small number of highly divergent outlier loci is consistent with theoretical predictions for the early stages of ecological divergence. These outlier loci were then applied to a realistic fisheries scenario in which additional RAD sequencing was used to genotype kokanee collected by trawl in Okanagan Lake, providing preliminary evidence that this approach may be an effective tool for conservation and management.
Calcium Homeostasis and Muscle Energy Metabolism Are Modified in HspB1-Null Mice

Hsp27—encoded by HspB1—is a member of the small heat shock proteins (sHsp, 12–43 kDa (kilodalton)) family. This protein is constitutively present in a wide variety of tissues and in many cell lines. The abundance of Hsp27 is highest in skeletal muscle, indicating a crucial role for muscle physiology. The protein identified as a beef tenderness biomarker was found at a crucial hub in a functional network involved in beef tenderness. The aim of this study was to analyze the proteins impacted by the targeted invalidation of HspB1 in the Tibialis anterior muscle of the mouse. Comparative proteomics using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed 22 spots that were differentially abundant between HspB1-null mice and their controls that could be identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen spots were more abundant in the muscle of the mutant mice, and four were less abundant. The proteins impacted by the absence of Hsp27 belonged mainly to calcium homeostasis (Srl and Calsq1), contraction (TnnT3), energy metabolism (Tpi1, Mdh1, PdhB, Ckm, Pygm, ApoA1) and the Hsp proteins family (HspA9). These data suggest a crucial role for these proteins in meat tenderization. The information gained by this study could also be helpful to predict the side effects of Hsp27 depletion in muscle development and pathologies linked to small Hsps.
Locus of Control in Relation to Sex and Nationality

Locus of control was compared in American college students and Swedish gymnasium students. Swedish women were more externally oriented than Swedish men or Americans of either sex; Swedish men did not differ from Americans. Differences in locus of control were only modestly related to perception of government versus individual locus of responsibility. Locus of control orientation was not significantly related to sex-role attitude.
Effective student motivation commences with resolving ‘dissatisfiers’

The evolution in students' expectations based on Maslow's theory of human motivation shows a transition from expectations having an effect upon motivation towards those providing a satisfactory experience. Maslow's argument was that once the lower level needs, such as physiological and safety needs, are met other higher needs emerge. In the context of student motivation, once environmental conditions are satisfied, the individual becomes dominated by the unsatisfied needs and other hygiene factors related to their studies dominate their experience and expectations. However, the environmental conditions must be satisfied before progress to other levels will succeed. Failure to address these basic issues at the commencement of a student's course of study can lead to absence and the subsequent lack of academic integration is a significant contributor to withdrawal.
Studies on the generation of B lymphocytes in the mouse embryo

Using an organ culture technique, the development of B lymphocytes has been studied in a number of isolated embryonic hemopoietic tissues. Developing B lymphocytes were identified by cytoplasmic and surface immunofluorescence using purified class‐specific antibodies and a Fab antiimmunoglobulin reagent. In fetal liver cultures these cells were further characterized for Fc and complement receptors and for the presence of mousespecific B lymphocyte antigen. The results indicate that B lymphocytes develop independently in fetal liver and in fetal spleen; they do not develop in cultures of yolk sac and thymus. In conclusion, it is likely that B lymphocyte maturation in mammals is multifocal and is not dependent upon gastrointestinal influences as suggested previously.
The Multifaceted Nature of Self-Consciousness: Conceptualization, Measurement, and Consequences

The present work involves the reconceptualization of self-consciousness as a multifaceted process. In the first study, subjects were asked to freely describe the contents of their thoughts when thinking about themselves. Content analyses resulted in the definition of specific categories of self-consciousness which were found to overlap partly with basic dimensions of the self-concept. In the second study, a valid and reliable self-report questionnaire of self-consciousness was developed, comprising fourteen separate factors. In the third study, different patterns of self-consciousness were found to be associated with depression, anxiety, self-disclosure, and loneliness. The theoretical and empirical implications of conceptualizing self-consciousness as a multiple-content phenomenon are discussed.
Participation Motivation Questionnaire: tradução e validação para uso em atletas-jovens brasileiros

Os objetivos do estudo foram traduzir para o idioma portugues, realizar a adaptacao transcultural e identificar as propriedades psicometricas para atletas-jovens brasileiros do Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ). A versao original foi traduzida de acordo com recomendacoes internacionais. Um comite de juizes foi formado para analisar as versoes traduzidas do questionario. O comite utilizou como criterio de analise as equivalencias semântica, idiomatica, cultural e conceitual. A versao final do questionario traduzido foi administrada em uma amostra de 1517 atletas-jovens (714 mocas e 803 rapazes) com idades entre 12 e 18 anos. Para identificar as propriedades psicometricas foi realizada analise fatorial confirmatoria com rotacao varimax e, na sequencia, para analise da consistencia interna de cada fator associado a motivacao para a pratica de esporte, foi empregado coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Apos discretas modificacoes apontadas no processo de traducao, o comite de juizes considerou que a versao para o idioma portugues do PMQ apresentou equivalencias semântica, idiomatica, cultural e conceitual. A analise fatorial confirmou a estrutura de oito fatores originalmente proposta, explicando 67% da variância total com satisfatorios valores de consistencia interna. O alfa de Cronbach apresentou coeficientes entre 0,543 e 0,827. Concluindo, a traducao, a adaptacao transcultural e as qualidades psicometricas do PMQ foram satisfatorias, o que viabiliza sua aplicacao em futuros estudos no Brasil.
Dimensions of Perceived Organisational Performance: Tests of a Model

A partir d'etudes de cas, on a elabore un modele tetradimensionnel de la performance dans les organisations en rapport avec les processus de management. Les parametres du modele ont ete eprouves via LISREL a douze reprises grâce aux temoignages recueillis aupres d'un echantillon (N = 4000) tire dans les branches internationales d'un secteur de premiere importance. Les iterations faisaient appel a des echantillons representant des activites et des zones geographiques differentes. Les resultats confirment certains des relations predites par le modele et traduisent une grande coherence entre les iterations. En outre, une analyse hierarchique portant sur soixante unites de temoignages agreges eclaire la signification des relations entre les mesures de performance, soulignant l'importance de l'adaptabilite et des perceptions globales du climat de l'entreprise pour l'efficience et de developpement futur
Issues for Developmental Research Among Racial/Ethnic Minority and Immigrant Families

As the United States becomes increasingly diverse and the inclusion of children, women, and ethnic minorities in research is encouraged for clinical research (National Institutes of Health, 1998, 2001), researchers are increasingly responsible for examining the role of social context and cultural processes in mental health and illness among racially and ethnically diverse families including immigrant and nonimmigrant families. Strong theoretical frameworks, developmental approaches, and innovative methodologies are available to determine why and how cultural processes matter for mental health across the life span. The task, however, requires an expansion on and refinement of traditional demographic indicators and cultural variables such as acculturation and racial identity to examine complex social and cultural processes in greater detail. Conceptual advances in recent culturally relevant and developmentally sensitive longitudinal studies and national surveys suggest the potential of new methodologies to inform efforts to reduce health disparities for mental health. Future research on specific cultural processes across the life span may uncover critical periods of risk and vulnerability, potential for resilience, as well as optimal opportunities for mental health prevention and treatment among racial/ethnic minority and immigrant families.
Rate of financial return to university schooling among lecturers in two public universities in Kenya

Influence of education on earnings among workers is well documented. However, the level of relationship that exists between earnings and schooling among lecturers in public universities in Kenya remain undetermined. The purpose of this study was to establish the financial profitability of university schooling in Kenya. The study was based on the theory of investment in human capital which states that earnings rise with additional years of schooling. A combination of descriptive survey and correlation research designs were used in this study. Study population comprised of 4300 lecturers in seven public universities in Kenya. Using stratified sampling technique, 253 lecturers were sampled from two public universities. Primary data on financial costs, earnings, age, schooling, and experience were obtained through use of a questionnaire while secondary data from official documents provided additional data on costs. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. This study found that direct cost of obtaining a master degree was significantly different from direct cost of doctoral degree at p = (.038). F-Statistics showed that a highly significant relationship existed between level of university schooling and earnings with p-value = 0.000. This study concluded that: direct private costs of doctoral programmes were higher than direct private costs of master degree; investing in university schooling was highly profitable; and level of schooling determines lifetime earnings. Key words: Rate of return, University, schooling, lecturers, Kenya
Brain Stimulation for Combating Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating disease affecting 5.2 million Americans. As the cause of death between 2000 and 2010, AD increased by 68% (1). The number of individuals developing AD in the United States will rise dramatically in the following decades (2). As AD patients are often resistant to pharmacotherapy, alternative therapeutic strategies are imperative. Non-invasive and non-lesional brain stimulation is a promising therapeutic option that has been attracting increasing attention over the last few years (3–6). Brain stimulation is useful to accelerate diagnosis and treatment (6, 7). This article focuses on advances in cognitive neurorehabilitation via brain stimulation techniques in AD patients to provide insights into a promising ray of hope for AD patients.