Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Endosymbiotic Model for Modular Acquisition in Stochastic Developmental Systems

Hierarchical modular composition is often cited as a requisite for scalable complexity. The most popular reference in this regard is Herbert Simon’s allegory of the watchmakers Tempus and Hora. And yet, while numerous studies have used this story as a jumping-off point to explain the emergence of hierarchical modular composition in evolutionary systems, relatively few emphasize the role of noise in the parable. Developmental representations, which model “biological assembly”, are a suitable lens through which to explore this latte r aspect, since noise and error during ontogeny can have a significant negative impact on the progress of evolution. In thi s work we present an endosymbiotic model for modular acquisition in a developmental representation, and demonstrate its ability to hierarchically assemble large objects in the pre sence of developmental noise.
The impact of globalisation on qualitative research in comparative and international education

This is a revised version of the 2003 British Association for International and Comparative Education (BAICE) Presidential Address delivered at the 7th Oxford International Conference on Education and Development. The processes of globalisation have been viewed by some as a major threat to the qualitative research tradition in education. Two main aspects of the impact of globalisation on qualitative research are addressed here. Firstly, it is argued that given the vital role of culture in mediating global policies at different levels, qualitative research still has a very important role to play. Secondly, it is argued that the knowledge and information revolution associated with globalisation has created an increasingly positivist climate that represents both a challenge for, and a challenge to, comparative education as it is currently conceived—particularly in the UK. This is illustrated by the growing international interest in systematic review methodology and its associated privileging of quantitative .
OS Interface Library Policy Engine Policy Modules Policy Framework IDS Query Response Virtual Machine Monitor Guest OS Guest Apps Monitored Host Virtual Machine Config File Guest OS Metadata Callback or Respose

In recent years, modern malware are growing powerful. It is very common to see them subvert their victim machine’s security tools upon installation. Traditionally, one can solve this problem by moving critical security services into network so that they are isolated from monitored host and attackers. However, this will result in a poor review of what’s happening inside the host. To address this problem, a technique called virtual machine introspection (VMI) is proposed. By placing security services into virtual machines (VMs), it inspects the host from outside for the purpose of analyzing the software running inside it. This technique leverages virtual machine monitor (VMM) technology such that the hardware state of the host can be directly inspected. Because of the abstraction and isolation provided by virtualization, VMI has received significant discussion in research literature. This paper introduces four popular VMIbased techniques in the field and gives a comparative study on these techniques.
Feedback and Feedforward Control of Frequency Tuning to Naturalistic Stimuli

Sensory neurons must respond to a wide variety of natural stimuli that can have very different spatiotemporal characteristics. Optimal responsiveness to subsets of these stimuli can be achieved by devoting specialized neural circuitry to different stimulus categories, or, alternatively, this circuitry can be modulated or tuned to optimize responsiveness to current stimulus conditions. This study explores the mechanisms that enable neurons within the initial processing station of the electrosensory system of weakly electric fish to shift their tuning properties based on the spatial extent of the stimulus. These neurons are tuned to low frequencies when the stimulus is restricted to a small region within the receptive field center but are tuned to higher frequencies when the stimulus impinges on large regions of the sensory epithelium. Through a combination of modeling and in vivo electrophysiology, we reveal the respective contributions of the filtering characteristics of extended dendritic structures and feedback circuitry to this shift in tuning. Our results show that low-frequency tuning can result from the cable properties of an extended dendrite that conveys receptor-afferent information to the cell body. The shift from low- to high-frequency tuning, seen in response to spatially extensive stimuli, results from increased wide-band input attributable to activation of larger populations of receptor afferents, as well as the activation of parallel fiber feedback from the cerebellum. This feedback provides a cancellation signal with low-pass characteristics that selectively attenuates low-frequency responsiveness. Thus, with spatially extensive stimuli, these cells preferentially respond to the higher-frequency components of the receptor-afferent input.
Race, sport and social support: A comparison between African American and White youths’ perceptions of social support for sport participation

There is a substantial theoretical literature arguing that African American families, more than other ethnic groups, push their children towards sports. However, there is a dearth of generalizable empirical research examining whether African American families do in fact encourage their children to participate in sport more than families of other ethnic groups do, or whether families encourage their youth more than non-kin, such as teachers, coaches and peers. Using a nationally representative US sample of 2185 third- through twelfth-graders, this study compares African American youths’ perceptions of encouragement for sports participation relative to other groups. Results indicate that relative to White, Hispanic and Asian youth, African American youth are more likely to receive encouragement for sports participation from all sources (total encouragement scores). While African Americans are also more likely to obtain encouragement from family members and non-kin than other ethnic groups are, African Americans receive equal amounts of encouragement from family and non-kin sources. The results of this study suggest that both African Americans and the larger community emphasize sport more for African American youth than for other youth.
TLR signalling can modify the mineralization of tooth germ

Abstract Objective The aim of this work is to investigate the possible role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during the development of mouse tooth germ. TLR4 is well known to inhibit mineralization and cause inflammation in mature odontoblasts and dental pulp cells. However, unlike these pathological functions of TLR4, little is known about the developmental function(s) of TLR4 during tooth development. Materials and methods TLR4 expression was studied via Western blot in developing lower mouse incisors from E13.5 to E18.5. To generate functional data about the effects of TLR4, a specific agonist (LPS) was applied to the medium of in vitro tooth germ cultures, followed by Western blot, histochemical staining, ELISA assay, in situ hybridization and RT-qPCR. Results Increased accumulation of biotin-labelled LPS was detected in the enamel organ and in preodontoblasts. LPS treatment induced degradation of the inhibitor molecule (IκB) of the NF-κB signalling pathway. However, no morphological alterations were detected in cultured tissue after LPS addition at the applied dosage. Activation of TLR4 inhibited the mineralization of enamel and dentin, as demonstrated by alizarin red staining and as decreased levels of collagen type X. mRNA expression of ameloblastin was elevated after LPS administration. Conclusion These results demonstrate that TLR4 may decrease the mineralization of hard tissues of the tooth germ and may trigger the maturation of ameloblasts; it can give valuable information to understand better congenital tooth abnormalities.
The Hermeneutics of Work: On Richard Sennett

Abstract The paper attempts to situate Sennett philosophically by placing him in the tradition of ontological hermeneutics. This way of reading Sennett is justified not only by the core principles that govern Sennett's social anthropology, but is also useful for tracing the trajectory of Sennett's philosophically informed diagnoses of the times. These diagnoses focus on the role of work in shaping subjectivity. After reconstructing the basic conceptual shape of Sennett's diagnoses of the work-related maladies of the "old" and the "new" capitalism, the paper presents some broader reflections on the philosophical presuppositions of social criticism that takes its departure from the centrality of work.
Mammometrics: the standardization of aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery.

The goal of cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery is to create symmetric and aesthetically pleasing results in a reproducible manner. Although continued progress is dependent on the ability of plastic surgeons to accurately assess surgical outcomes, available methods to objectively evaluate aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery are limited. This is quite different from other areas of plastic surgery, such as craniomaxillofacial surgery, that often use precise skeletal measurements to provide a platform for preoperative and postoperative analysis. In comparison, systematic evaluation of breast surgery has yet to be standardized. With the advent of three-dimensional photography, objective soft-tissue analysis of the breast is now possible. Recent work from our group and others has validated the use of three-dimensional breast photography in various clinical arenas, including autologous breast reconstruction, prosthetic breast reconstruction, reduction mammaplasty, and augmentation mammaplasty.1–7 Enthusiasm toward three-dimensional imaging technology has stemmed from the ability to not only obtain well-established breast measurements in an accurate manner, but also to generate measurements that were not previously possible with conventional tools, such as total breast volume, volumetric distribution, and breast projection. This article provides an overview of three-dimensional breast photography, with particular emphasis on its potential role to establish a standardized system for breast analysis. We introduce a new concept termed “mammometrics,” in which three-dimensional–based breast measurements can be used to help guide operative planning, objectively analyze surgical results, and document postoperative changes that occur over time.
Emotion-Focused Therapy: An Overview

As a result of developments in the understanding of the role of emotions in human functioning and in the psychological helping process, emotion is regarded as centrally important in the experience of self, in both adaptive and maladaptive functioning, and in the process of therapeutic change. In spite of this, working with emotions in psychological counseling/therapy still remains a major challenge for many practitioners. Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is an empirically supported and experiential treatment that integrates elements of Person-Centered and Gestalt Therapy practice with modem emotion theory and a dialectical-constructivist meta-theory. Over time, EFT has proven to be an effective and practical approach that can be applied to both individual as well as couple’s therapy. This paper summarizes the major tenets of EFT, the application process, and a case discussion from an EFT standpoint.
STOCK PRICE PREDICTION: KOHONEN VERSUS BACKPROPAGATION

This paper describes the application of two different neural network types for stock price prediction. The prediction is carried out by Kohonen self-organizing maps and error backpropagation algorithm. Both experimental networks deal with price change intervals in contradiction to precise value prediction. The results are presented and its comparative analysis is performed in this paper, as well as a short discussion on both neural network architectures and learning algorithms.
Efficient FPGA implementation of block cipher MISTY1

NESSIE is a 3-year research project (2000-2002). The goal of the project is to put forward some algorithms to obtain a set of the next generation of cryptographic primitives. In order to achieve this objective, the project needs to evaluate mathematical security levels and software/hardware implementations. This paper investigates the significance of an FPGA implementation of the block cipher MISTY1. Reprogrammable devices such as FPGA's are highly attractive solutions for hardware implementations of encryption algorithms. A strong focus is placed on a high throughput circuit which completely unrolls all the MISTY1 rounds and pipelines them in order to increase the data rate. Our design allows us to change the plaintext and the key on a cycle-by-cycle basis with no dead cycles. The final core implementation can work at a data rate up to 19.4 Gbps (303 MHz).
The Asian network-based speech-to-speech translation system

This paper outlines the first Asian network-based speech-to-speech translation system developed by the Asian Speech Translation Advanced Research (A-STAR) consortium. The system was designed to translate common spoken utterances of travel conversations from a certain source language into multiple target languages in order to facilitate multiparty travel conversations between people speaking different Asian languages. Each A-STAR member contributes one or more of the following spoken language technologies: automatic speech recognition, machine translation, and text-to-speech through Web servers. Currently, the system has successfully covered 9 languages— namely, 8 Asian languages (Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Thai, Vietnamese, Chinese) and additionally, the English language. The system's domain covers about 20,000 travel expressions, including proper nouns that are names of famous places or attractions in Asian countries. In this paper, we discuss the difficulties involved in connecting various different spoken language translation systems through Web servers. We also present speech-translation results on the first A-STAR demo experiments carried out in July 2009.
Online intention recognition for computer-assisted teleoperation

An online intention recognition algorithm for computer-assisted teleoperation is introduced. The algorithm is able to distinguish between phases of a typical object manipulation task. It adopts a new advanced feature extraction algorithm which extracts features from haptic data and uses a Hidden Markov Model for stochastic classification. The method is implemented and validated on a real hardware setup. The obtained results reveal a robust and fast intention recognition.
The Role of Civil Disobedience in Drug Policy Reform: How an Illegal Safer Injection Room Led to a Sanctioned, ‘Medically Supervised Injection Center

In shooting galleries, drug users are able to illegally rent cubicles to inject drugs. Established in Kings Cross, Sydney in the early 1990s, police grudgingly tolerated several such galleries. In 1997, a royal commission recommended that a parliamentary inquiry consider establishing an official medically supervised injecting center (MSIC). Despite strong evidence supporting an MSIC, a majority of the committee voted against a trial facility. As an act of civil disobedience, a group of concerned citizens established an unsanctioned MSIC. However, police soon closed the facility. At a subsequent parliamentary drug summit, delegates voted to support an official trial of an MSIC and invited a congregation of Roman Catholic nuns to establish the facility. When the nuns were instructed to withdraw, the Uniting Church was invited to establish the project. The MSIC opened in May 2001. It can be concluded that public health practitioners wishing to improve appalling outcomes from drug policies sometimes have to resort to civil disobedience in order to achieve their goals.
Hardware-accelerated rendering of antialiased shadows with shadow maps

We present a hardware-accelerated method for rendering high quality, antialiased shadows using the shadow map approach. Instead of relying on dedicated hardware support for shadow map filtering, we propose a general rendering algorithm that can be used on most graphics workstations. The filtering method softens shadow boundaries by using a technique called percentage closer filtering which is commonly used in software renderers, e.g. ray tracing. We describe how the software algorithm can be efficiently mapped to hardware. In order to achieve real-time or at least interactive frame rates we also propose a slightly modified shadow filtering method that saves valuable hardware resources while still achieving good image quality.
Effect of Channel Estimation Error on Bit Error Probability in OFDM Systems over Rayleigh and Ricean Fading Channels

A characteristic function-based method is used to derive closed-form bit error probability (BEP) expressions for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in the presence of channel estimation error over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels and frequency-selective Ricean fading channels. Both single channel reception and diversity reception with maximal ratio combining (MRC) are examined. The BEP expressions are shown to be sums of several conditional probability functions which can be calculated by using proper complex Gaussian random variable theory and a characteristic function method. The closed-form BEP expressions can be used to accurately investigate the bit error rate performance degradation caused by channel estimation error under different wireless channel environment models. The performances of two interpolation methods, a sine interpolator with Hamming windowing and a Wiener interpolator, are compared.
Human Eye Tracking and Related Issues: A Review

Eye tracking refers to the process of tracking the movement of the eye and determining where the user is looking. The aim of this paper is to present a review on various techniques used for eye tracking. There are a number of principles used in measuring eye movements, including measurements of electric and photoelectric signals, tracking a number of visual features in the image of the eye, measuring relative reflection of infra-red (IR) light, and using either mechanical or optical levers or a magnetic field. This paper also includes the factors involved in the selection of a particular eye tracking method. Finally, it includes a light on some of the applications of the eye tracking technique.
Distance Bounds for Periodically Time-Varying and Tail-Biting LDPC Convolutional Codes

Existence type lower bounds on the free distance of periodically time-varying LDPC convolutional codes and on the minimum distance of tail-biting LDPC convolutional codes are derived. It is demonstrated that the bound on free distance of periodically time-varying LDPC convolutional codes approaches the bound on free distance of general (nonperiodic) time-varying LDPC convolutional codes as the period increases. The proof of the bound is based on lower bounding the minimum distance of corresponding tail-biting LDPC convolutional codes, which is of interest in its own right.
School Adjustment of Pupils with ADHD: Cognitive, Emotional and Temperament Risk Factors

From different research perspectives, the cognitive and emotional characteristics associated with ADHD in children have been identified as risk factors for the development of diverse adjustment problems in the school context. Research in nonclinical population can additionally help in understanding ADHD deficits, since children with specific problems for attentional focusing, inhibitory control, or impulsivity, allow to isolate the effects of these variables on their adjustment into school. This paper reviews studies of children diagnosed with ADHD and in typical development population with and without specific difficulties, with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of the mechanisms that can lead ADHD children to develop a poor adjustment into school. Finally, in the intervention field, the reviewed programs offer promising results for the improvement of ADHD children’s adjustment into school.
Handling and reporting of transurethral resection specimens of the bladder in Europe: a web‐based survey by the European Network of Uropathology (ENUP)

Lopez‐Beltran A, Algaba F, Berney D M, Boccon‐Gibod L, Camparo P, Griffiths D, Mikuz G, Montironi R, Varma M & Egevad L (2011) Histopathology 58, 579–585 Handling and reporting of transurethral resection specimens of the bladder in Europe: a web‐based survey by the European Network of Uropathology (ENUP)
Mispricing in linear asset pricing models

In the framework of a reduced form asset pricing model featuring linear-in-z betas and risk premiums with lagged macro instruments, I propose a clean measure of mispricing that is free from the omitted-variable bias due to either missing priced factors or missing instruments. Applying the model to U.S. stock returns for 1927-2005, I nd that momentum and contrarian strategies are related to the mispricing measure that does not vary with the macro variables. Moreover, a zero-dollar strategy intersecting the two eects is highly protable
Drosophila Med6 Is Required for Elevated Expression of a Large but Distinct Set of Developmentally Regulated Genes

ABSTRACT Mediator is the evolutionarily conserved coactivator required for the integration and recruitment of diverse regulatory signals to basal transcription machinery. To elucidate the functions of metazoan Mediator, we isolated Drosophila melanogaster Med6mutants. dMed6 is essential for viability and/or proliferation of most cells. dMed6 mutants failed to pupate and died in the third larval instar with severe proliferation defects in imaginal discs and other larval mitotic cells. cDNA microarray, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ expression analyses of developmentally regulated genes indMed6 mutants showed that transcriptional activation of many, but not all, genes was affected. Among the genes found to be affected were some that play a role in cell proliferation and metabolism. Therefore, dMed6 is required in most cells for transcriptional regulation of many genes important for diverse aspects of Drosophila development.