Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence update for stable chest pain: poorly reasoned and risky for patients

For nearly two decades, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has been admired as a reliable and authoritative source for evidence-based practice pathways. Unfortunately, in the latest iteration of the stable chest pain guidelines, NICE has veered dangerously off course by advocating that we abandon Bayesian analysis and simply order CT coronary angiography (CTCA) in all patients with typical or atypical chest pain.1 The clinician should no longer consider a patient’s pretest probability, whether any imaging is necessary, and if so, which imaging test is best. These recommendations are not supported by high quality scientific evidence and put patients at risk for serious harm. At its foundation, the NICE guideline is antithetical to the current focus on a more personalised approach to medicine with conscientious use of diagnostic imaging, particularly when it involves ionising radiation. Moreover, given that cardiovascular events have dramatically decreased with improved risk factor modification,2 why should we advocate for more imaging and radiation exposure in patients at increasingly lower risk? To support their radical changes to the diagnostic paradigm, the authors make several erroneous assertions. First, they contend that an assessment of the pretest probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) is useless and that exercise testing should not be performed given its limited diagnostic performance and the absence of prognostic value. In addition, they incorrectly assert that CTCA is more cost-effective and that trials of CTCA have consistently demonstrated its superiority. Given the implications, these assertions warrant critical appraisal (table 1). View this table: Table 1 Summary of arguments in support of and in opposition to the updated NICE stable chest pain guidelines In their classic work,3 Diamond and Forrester stated that ‘the data presented… should not be considered as absolute standards but, rather, as …
Calculation of Interspike Intervals for Integrate-and-Fire Neurons with Poisson Distribution of Synaptic Inputs

We present a new technique for calculating the interspike intervals of integrate-and-fire neurons. There are two new components to this technique. First, the probability density of the summed potential is calculated by integrating over the distribution of arrival times of the afferent post-synaptic potentials (PSPs), rather than using conventional stochastic differential equation techniques. A general formulation of this technique is given in terms of the probability distribution of the inputs and the time course of the postsynaptic response. The expressions are evaluated in the gaussian approximation, which gives results that become more accurate for large numbers of small-amplitude PSPs. Second, the probability density of output spikes, which are generated when the potential reaches threshold, is given in terms of an integral involving a conditional probability density. This expression is a generalization of the renewal equation, but it holds for both leaky neurons and situations in which there is no time-translational invariance. The conditional probability density of the potential is calculated using the same technique of integrating over the distribution of arrival times of the afferent PSPs. For inputs with a Poisson distribution, the known analytic solutions for both the perfect integrator model and the Stein model (which incorporates membrane potential leakage) in the diffusion limit are obtained. The interspike interval distribution may also be calculated numerically for models that incorporate both membrane potential leakage and a finite rise time of the postsynaptic response. Plots of the relationship between input and output firing rates, as well as the coefficient of variation, are given, and inputs with varying rates and amplitudes, including inhibitory inputs, are analyzed. The results indicate that neurons functioning near their critical threshold, where the inputs are just sufficient to cause firing, display a large variability in their spike timings.
Floral biology and ovule and seed ontogeny of Nymphaea thermarum, a water lily at the brink of extinction with potential as a model system for basal angiosperms.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Nymphaea thermarum is a member of the Nymphaeales, of one of the most ancient lineages of flowering plants. This species was only recently described and then declared extinct in the wild, so little is known about its reproductive biology. In general, the complete ontogeny of ovules and seeds is not well documented among species of Nymphaea and has never been studied in the subgenus Brachyceras, the clade to which N. thermarum belongs. METHODS Flowers and fruits were processed for brightfield, epifluorescence and confocal microscopy. Flower morphology, with emphasis on the timing of male and female functions, was correlated with key developmental stages of the ovule and the female gametophyte. Development of the seed tissues and dynamics of polysaccharide reserves in the endosperm, perisperm and embryo were examined. KEY RESULTS Pollen release in N. thermarum starts before the flower opens. Cell walls of the micropylar nucellus show layering of callose and cellulose in a manner reminiscent of transfer cell wall patterning. Endosperm development is ab initio cellular, with micropylar and chalazal domains that embark on distinct developmental trajectories. The surrounding maternal perisperm occupies the majority of seed volume and accumulates starch centrifugally. In mature seeds, a minute but fully developed embryo is surrounded by a single, persistent layer of endosperm. CONCLUSIONS Early male and female function indicate that N. thermarum is predisposed towards self-pollination, a phenomenon that is likely to have evolved multiple times within Nymphaea. While formation of distinct micropylar and chalazal developmental domains in the endosperm, along with a copious perisperm, characterize the seeds of most members of the Nymphaeales, seed ontogenies vary between and among the constituent families. Floral biology, life history traits and small genome size make N. thermarum uniquely promising as an early-diverging angiosperm model system for genetic and molecular studies.
Resting and reactive frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) among a non-clinical sample of socially anxious adults: Does concurrent depressive mood matter?

A number of studies have noted that the pattern of resting frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) is related to individual differences in affective style in healthy infants, children, and adults and some clinical populations when symptoms are reduced or in remission. We measured self-reported trait shyness and sociability, concurrent depressive mood, and frontal brain electrical activity (EEG) at rest and in anticipation of a speech task in a non-clinical sample of healthy young adults selected for high and low social anxiety. Although the patterns of resting and reactive frontal EEG asymmetry did not distinguish among individual differences in social anxiety, the pattern of resting frontal EEG asymmetry was related to trait shyness after controlling for concurrent depressive mood. Individuals who reported a higher degree of shyness were likely to exhibit greater relative right frontal EEG activity at rest. However, trait shyness was not related to frontal EEG asymmetry measured during the speech-preparation task, even after controlling for concurrent depressive mood. These findings replicate and extend prior work on resting frontal EEG asymmetry and individual differences in affective style in adults. Findings also highlight the importance of considering concurrent emotional states of participants when examining psychophysiological correlates of personality.
Expressive Reusable Workflow Templates

Workflow systems can manage complex scientific applications with distributed data processing. Although some workflow systems can represent collections of data with very compact abstractions and manage their execution efficiently, there are no approaches to date to manage collections of application components required to express some scientific applications. We present an approach to handle collections of components and data alike in expressive workflow templates whose basic structure is reusable. We also present an algorithm that can elaborate abstract compact workflow templates into execution-ready workflows that enumerate all computations to be carried out. We implemented the proposed approach in the Wings workflow system. Our work is motivated by real-world complex scientific applications that require handling of nested collections of both components and data.
Carcinoids: The association of histologic growth pattern and survival

There are five generally accepted carcinoid histologic growth patterns, i.e., insular, trabecular, glandular, undifferentiated, and mixed. To determine their possible prognostic significance, a panel of pathologists studied the growth patterns of 138 carcinoids collected from an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group carcinoid advanced stage disease chemotherapy investigation. Survival times were measured from date of initial pathologic diagnosis of carcinoid disease to date of either death or last follow‐up. Significant differences were observed in survival times between the five major growth patterns (P < 0.001). Within the mixed growth pattern group, significant differences in survival time were also observed (P ≤ 0.05). In decreasing order of median survival time in years, the growth patterns ranked as follows: mixed insular plus glandular, 4.4; insular, 2.9; trabecular, 2.5; mixed insular plus trabecular, 2.3; three pooled low incidence rate mixed growth patterns, 1.4; glandular, 0.9; and undifferentiated, 0.5. Histologic growth patterns are recommended as a stratification factor in future studies of this disease.
The impact of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention on parents of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder

Parents of children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder face significant stressors and challenges; however, little research has investigated ways to effectively address their psychological distress and adjustment issues. This study used a between-subject and withinsubject repeated measures design to test the effects of an 8-week Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) or treatment as usual (TAU) group. Treatment completers included 13 mothers in the ACT condition and 4 mothers in TAU. They were assessed three weeks before the intervention, one week after, and three months post-intervention. Limited data for between-group comparison demonstrated only a significant difference on the frequency scale of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), in which frequency of automatic thoughts increased for mothers in the TAU condition. For mothers in the ACT condition only, repeated measures ANOVAs revealed significant decreases from baseline to post-intervention on the Parental Distress Index of the Parental Stress Index-Short Form. Baseline to post-intervention decreases were seen for the GSI of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), with some regression to baseline at follow-up but overall reductions maintained. Similar significant findings were also demonstrated with increases in the Positive Aspects of Caregiving and decreases in the ATQ total score and the believability scale. No statistically significant changes were seen on the Depression Index of BSI-18, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, or the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire. In exploratory analysis, experiential avoidance correlated positively with multiple scales of a selfadministered measure of executive functioning, including a measure of one’s ability to shift attention rapidly. Additionally, mothers who reported significantly greater levels of externalizing problem behaviors also reported significantly higher degrees of parental distress. This research
A broadband sub-wavelength phase-correcting element for transmit antenna arrays

This paper presents a broadband sub-wavelength phase-correcting element to design the low-profile transmit antenna arrays with periodicity structure 0.2 λ0 (λ0 - wavelength in free space) and frequency bandwidths of 17%. Shown characteristics of the studied structure calculated using CST Microwave Studio software package.
Physical Layer Security With Threshold-Based Multiuser Scheduling in Multi-Antenna Wireless Networks

In this paper, we consider a multiuser downlink wiretap network consisting of one base station (BS) equipped with AA antennas, NB single-antenna legitimate users, and NE single-antenna eavesdroppers over Nakagami-m fading channels. In particular, we introduce a joint secure transmission scheme that adopts transmit antenna selection at the BS and explores threshold-based selection diversity scheduling over legitimate users to achieve a good secrecy performance while maintaining low implementation complexity. More specifically, in an effort to quantify the secrecy performance of the considered system, two practical scenarios are investigated, i.e.: in Scenario I, the eavesdropper's channel state information (CSI) is unavailable at the BS, and in Scenario II, the eavesdropper's CSI is available at the BS. For Scenario I, novel exact closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability are derived, which are valid for general networks with an arbitrary number of legitimate users, antenna configurations, number of eavesdroppers, and the switched threshold. For Scenario II, we take into account the ergodic secrecy rate as the principle performance metric, and derive novel exact closed-form expressions for the ergodic secrecy rate. In addition, we also provide simple and asymptotic expressions for secrecy outage probability and ergodic secrecy rate under two distinct cases, i.e.: in Case I, the legitimate user is located close to the BS, and in Case II, both the legitimate user and eavesdropper are located close to the BS. Our important findings reveal that the secrecy diversity order is AAmA and the slope of secrecy rate is one under Case I, while the secrecy diversity order and the slope of secrecy rate collapse to zero under Case II, where the secrecy performance floor occurs. Finally, when the switched threshold is carefully selected, the considered scheduling scheme outperforms other well-known existing schemes in terms of the secrecy performance and complexity tradeoff.
Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL - Revised OpenCL 1.2 Edition

Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL teaches OpenCL and parallel programming for complex systems that may include a variety of device architectures: multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units (APUs) such as AMD Fusion technology. Designed to work on multiple platforms and with wide industry support, OpenCL will help you more effectively program for a heterogeneous future. Written by leaders in the parallel computing and OpenCL communities, this book will give you hands-on OpenCL experience to address a range of fundamental parallel algorithms. The authors explore memory spaces, optimization techniques, graphics interoperability, extensions, and debugging and profiling. Intended to support a parallel programming course, Heterogeneous Computing with OpenCL includes detailed examples throughout, plus additional online exercises and other supporting materials. Explains principles and strategies to learn parallel programming with OpenCL, from understanding the four abstraction models to thoroughly testing and debugging complete applications. Covers image processing, web plugins, particle simulations, video editing, performance optimization, and more. Shows how OpenCL maps to an example target architecture and explains some of the tradeoffs associated with mapping to various architectures Addresses a range of fundamental programming techniques, with multiple examples and case studies that demonstrate OpenCL extensions for a variety of hardware platforms Table of Contents Introduction to Parallel Programming Introduction to OpenCL OpenCL Device Architectures Basic OpenCL Examples Understanding OpenCL's Concurrency and Execution Model Dissecting a CPU/GPU OpenCL Implementation Data Management OpenCL Case Study: Convolution OpenCL Case Study: Histogram OpenCL Case Study: Mixed Particle Simulation OpenCL Extensions Foreign Lands: Plugging OpenCL In OpenCL Profiling and Debugging Performance Optimization of an Image Analysis Application
An effective recommendation based on user behaviour: a hybrid of sequential pattern of user and attributes of product

Recommender system is a promising technology for companies to present personalised offers to their customers. But this technology suffers from sparsity problem. In addition, most researches are based on explicit rating. But most users do not spend time for rating of products. Therefore, this research proposes an effective recommendation based on user behaviour. Since users express their opinions implicitly based on some specific attributes of products, we introduce a preference matrix that can collect user preferences based on attributes of products. In addition, since there are some sequential patterns in purchasing of products, we use weighted association rules to discover these patterns to improve the quality of recommendation. The method outperforms current algorithms and alleviates sparsity problem. Main contribution is implementation of a user behaviour-based recommendation method that discovers interest of users based on implicit rating of product attributes. In addition, this approach uses sequential pattern of purchasing to improve the quality of recommendation.
(Unconditional) Secure Multiparty Computation with Man-in-the-middle Attacks

In secure multi-party computation $n$ parties jointly evaluate an $n$-variate function $f$ in the presence of an adversary which can corrupt up till $t$ parties. Almost all the works that have appeared in the literature so far assume the presence of authenticated channels between the parties. This assumption is far from realistic. Two directions of research have been borne from relaxing this (strong) assumption: (a) The adversary is virtually omnipotent and can control all the communication channels in the network, (b) Only a partially connected topology of authenticated channels is guaranteed and adversary controls a subset of the communication channels in the network. This work introduces a new setting for (unconditional) secure multiparty computation problem which is an interesting intermediate model with respect to the above well studied models from the literature (by sharing a salient feature from both the above models). We consider the problem of (unconditional) secure multi-party computation when 'some' of the communication channels connecting the parties can be corrupted passively as well as actively. For this setting, some honest parties may be connected to several other honest parties via corrupted channels and may not be able to authentically communicate with them. Such parties may not be assured the canonical guarantees of correctness or privacy. We present refined definitions of security for this new intermediate model of unconditional multiparty computation. We show how to adapt protocols for (Unconditional) secure multiparty computation to realize the definitions and also argue the tightness of the results achieved by us.
Activité économique, inflation et activité de grève

Apres avoir discute les bases theoriques sur lesquelles la majorite des auteurs ont appuye leurs etudes des relations entre l'activite economique, l'inflation et l'activite de greve et apres avoir specifie leur modele, les auteurs resument les resultats empiriques des etudes anterieures et presentent leurs propres resultats.
A Brief Overview of Test Vector Compaction Methods for Combinational Circuits

This paper presents a history of test compaction methods and a brief overview of all available test compaction methods in the literature for combinational circuits that has come through various research developments. Compact test sets are very important for reducing the cost of testing the VLSI circuits by reducing the test application time. This is especially important for the scan-based circuits as the test application time for these circuits is directly proportional to product of the test set size and the number of storage elements used in the scan chain. Small test sets also reduce the test storage requirements.
Resource sharing in behavioral based scheduling

In this paper, two main contributions are presented. First, the Behavioral Importance Dual Priority Server (BIDS) reservation mechanism is extended to contemplate more than two importance levels. In fact, an integer-value function is used to postpone the reactivation of the server based on the last result obtained. Second, a resource contention algorithm for BIDS is presented. Although it may seem simple, the resource reservation paradigm may have certain anomalies while sharing resources. The proposal is an extension of the Stack Resource Policy which is formally proved.
Biology Under the Influence: Dialectical Essays on Ecology, Agriculture, and Health

How do we understand the world? While some look to the heavens for intelligent design, others argue that it is determined by information encoded in DNA. Science serves as an important activity for uncovering the processes and operations of nature, but it is also immersed in a social context where ideology influences the questions we ask and how we approach the material world. "Biology Under the Influence: Dialectical Essays on the Coevolution of Nature and Society" breaks from the confines of determinism, offering a dialectical analysis for comprehending a dynamic social and natural world. In "Biology Under the Influence", Richard Lewontin and Richard Levins provide a devastating critique of genetic determinism and reductionism within science while exploring a broad range of issues including the nature of science, biology, evolution, the environment, public health, and dialectics. They dismantle the ideology that attempts to naturalize social inequalities, unveil the alienation of science and nature, and illustrate how a dialectical position serves as a basis for grappling with historical developments and a world characterized by change. "Biology Under the Influence" brings together the illuminating essays of two prominent scientists who work to demystify and empower the public's understanding of science and nature.
A novel metric based on changes in pareto domination ratio for objective reduction of many-objective optimization problems

Abstract Although many-objective optimisation can be simplified through reduction of redundant objectives, algorithms that perform this reduction still lack a convenient method of evaluation. In this paper, we address this deficiency by proposing a new method of evaluation, on the basis of changes in the Pareto-domination ratio after a reduction has occurred. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method can perform non- redundant objective set evaluation more accurately than existing evaluation methods, and also does not need the true Pareto front beforehand.
A Game-Theoretic Resource Manager for RT Applications

The management of resources among competing QoS-aware applications is often solved by a resource manager (RM) that assigns both the resources and the application service levels. However, this approach requires all applications to inform the RM of the available service levels. Then, the RM has to maximize the "overall quality" by comparing service levels of different applications which are not necessarily comparable. In this paper we describe a Linux implementation of a game-theoretic framework that decouples the two distinct problems of resource assignment and quality setting, solving them in the domain where they naturally belong to. By this approach the RM has linear time complexity in the number of the applications. Our RM is built over the SCHED_DEADLINE Linux scheduling class.