Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards a Credible Poverty Framework : From Income Poverty to Deprivation

There have always been differences of view on what poverty means in conceptual terms, and even greater differences on how to measure it. These differences span a broad spectrum of normative and ideological positions and raise a number of technical issues surrounding the statistical measurement of poverty. This paper explains the role of poverty research and the value of a poverty line, while acknowledging that limitations exist with the current instruments. It argues that any poverty measure must include two key ingredients of poverty – the idea that resources are inadequate to meet basic needs and the notion that needs can only be defined relative to prevailing community attitudes and standards. Survey results are used to support the view that most Australians see poverty in subsistence terms, but this does not contradict the idea of relativity, since subsistence is itself a relative concept. The principal arguments are illustrated using data from the 1998-99 Household Expenditure Survey to estimate poverty on the basis of incomes, expenditures and a combination of a conventional income measure with additional data on hardship. The poverty rate is shown to be sensitive to which measure is chosen, both in aggregate and for specific groups in the population. However, all measures show that the group with the highest incidence of poverty is sole parent families, and that there is a strong association between joblessness and poverty, with full-time employment being required to escape poverty. The poverty rate among the aged is high when the conventional (income-based) measure is used, but far lower aged poverty rates are produced by many of the alternative poverty measures. State differences in income poverty are substantial but become much smaller when a deprivation-adjusted poverty measure is used.
A fast Gauss-Newton optimizer for estimating human body orientation

This paper presents a quaternion-based Gauss-Newton optimizer for tracking human body orientation using inertial/magnetic sensors. Since a computationally efficient and robust algorithm for estimating orientation is critical for low-cost and real-time ambulatory purposes, the optimizer is formulated using a virtual rotation concept in order to decrease the computing time. In addition, to guard against the effects of fast body motions and temporary ferromagnetic disturbances, a situational measurement vector selection procedure is adopted in conjunction with the Gauss-Newton optimizer.
Black Box Testing based on Requirement Analysis and Design Specifications

Black Box Testing is used when code of the module is not available. In such situations appropriate priorities can be given to different test cases, so that the quality of software is not compromised, if testing is to be stopped prematurely. This paper proposes a framework, which uses requirement analysis and design specification, to prioritize the test cases. The work would be beneficial to both practitioners and researchers.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike Protein Delivered by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Efficiently Induces Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies

ABSTRACT Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has recently emerged as a causative agent of severe respiratory disease in humans. Here, we constructed recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein (MVA-MERS-S). The genetic stability and growth characteristics of MVA-MERS-S make it a suitable candidate vaccine for clinical testing. Vaccinated mice produced high levels of serum antibodies neutralizing MERS-CoV. Thus, MVA-MERS-S may serve for further development of an emergency vaccine against MERS-CoV.
Reflections on Developments in School Governance: International Perspectives on School Governing under Pressure

Debates about governance, across the public sector, including education, continue to generate a substantial literature. The intention of this article is to engage with these debates by reviewing the articles in this special edition. In this review article, we first consider the wider context of the articles by revisiting some of the central debates in the governance literature. We then consider some of the themes that emerge from the articles, which are: the significance of improving school performance and pupil attainment; the dynamic nature of governance and the problematic nature of managing change in school governance; difference and variety; the contested territory of school governing and the conflicting roles and responsibilities; the complexity of school governing especially the complexity wrought by diversity of provision; the complex and demanding capabilities required for, and participation in, governing; micro—macro issues; and joint modes of institutional governance.
Sentence Correction Based on Large-scale Language Modelling

With the further development of informatization, more and more data is stored in the form of text. There are some loss of text during their generation and transmission. The paper aims to establish a language model based on the large-scale corpus to complete the restoration of missing text. In this paper, we introduce a novel measurement to find the missing words, and a way of establishing a comprehensive candidate lexicon to insert the correct choice of words. The paper also introduces some effective optimization methods, which largely improve the efficiency of the text restoration and shorten the time of dealing with 1000 sentences into 3.6 seconds. \keywords{ language model, sentence correction, word imputation, parallel optimization
An FGF autocrine loop initiated in second heart field mesoderm regulates morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart

In order to understand how secreted signals regulate complex morphogenetic events, it is crucial to identify their cellular targets. By conditional inactivation of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 and overexpression of the FGF antagonist sprouty 2 in different cell types, we have dissected the role of FGF signaling during heart outflow tract development in mouse. Contrary to expectation, cardiac neural crest and endothelial cells are not primary paracrine targets. FGF signaling within second heart field mesoderm is required for remodeling of the outflow tract: when disrupted, outflow myocardium fails to produce extracellular matrix and TGFβ and BMP signals essential for endothelial cell transformation and invasion of cardiac neural crest. We conclude that an autocrine regulatory loop, initiated by the reception of FGF signals by the mesoderm, regulates correct morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart. These findings provide new insight into how FGF signaling regulates context-dependent cellular responses during development.
Damage Detection of Offshore Platform Structures Using Time Domain Response Data

In the paper, a new method using time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage of offshore platform structures. In the study, a time series model with a fitting order is first constructed using the time domain response data with measurement noise. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of the structural elements is then obtained based on time domain response data. The locations and severities of the damage may be finally estimated by solving for the damage vector whose components are the damage degrees of the structural elements. The efficiency and capability of the proposed method is demonstrated by applying the method to a FEM model of a simplified offshore platform structure with damages at single or two elements. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors’ acceleration history data with certain level measurement noises is capable of detecting damages efficiently and the increase in numbers of sensors helps for improving the diagnosis success rate.
Multikulturelle Überzeugungen: Herkunft oder Überzeugung? Welche Rolle spielen der Migrationshintergrund und multikulturelle Überzeugungen für das Unterrichten von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund?

Various initiatives have recently been launched to attract more teachers with immigrant backgrounds, under the assumption that they are better equipped to teach in multicultural contexts. However, whether teachers differ in their professional competence to cater for students with immigrant backgrounds has not yet been empirically established, and it remains unclear whether any such differences would be attributable to the teachers' own immigration background. Based on the COACTIV model of teachers' professional competence, and drawing on a sample of 433 trainee teachers with and without immigrant backgrounds, this study (a) investigated trainee teachers' enthusiasm, self-efficacy, and prejudices with respect to teaching students with immigrant backgrounds and (b) tested whether the relationship between immigration background and these variab les was mediated by multicultural beliefs. Results from structural equation modeling confirmed that multicultural beliefs had an indirect effect: participants with immigrant backgrounds reported higher multicultural beliefs which were in turn associated with higher self-efficacy and enthusiasm and lower levels of prejudice.
Combining Content and Collaboration in Text Filtering

We describe a technique for combining collaborative input and document content for text ltering. This technique uses latent semantic indexing to create a collaborative view of a collection of user pro les. The pro les themselves are term vectors constructed from documents deemed relevant to the user's information need. In initial experiments with a standard text collection, this approach performs quite favorably compared to other content-based approaches. In a larger collection with less possibility for collaboration, the technique does not perform as well.
Ductus venosus agenesis prevents transmission of central venous pulsations to the umbilical vein in fetal sheep

Velocity pulsations in the umbilical vein are widely used as a marker for congestive heart failure in the fetus. It has been suggested that the atrial pressure waves are transmitted to the umbilical vein mainly through the ductus venosus. In a case of ductus venosus agenesis in a fetal sheep of 110 days' gestation, we recorded pressures in the inferior vena cava and umbilical vein simultaneously with Doppler velocimetry in the medial hepatic vein and umbilical vein, under general anesthesia. During fetal respiratory acidosis (pH 7.01) and varying degrees of umbilical clamping, we did not observe the typical pulsations in the umbilical vein (deflections of the maximum velocity during atrial contraction) in spite of varying degrees of reversed flow in the hepatic vein (5–16%). The systolic‐diastolic pressure amplitude in the inferior vena cava was 5.5–6.4 mmHg, sometimes reaching 9.19–11.03 mmHg. Varying degrees of reversed portocaval pressure gradient during atrial contraction (1.40–9.51 mmHg), periods of reversed portocaval pressure gradient throughout the entire cardiac cycle, tachycardia (240 beats/min) or bradycardia (99 beats/min) also did not produce the type of pulsation in the umbilical vein that reflects augmented atrial contractions. The results support the hypothesis that the ductus venosus is essential for the transmission of atrial pressure waves to the umbilical vein. Copyright © 1998 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Listening to speech recruits specific tongue motor synergies as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation and tissue-Doppler ultrasound imaging

The activation of listener's motor system during speech processing was first demonstrated by the enhancement of electromyographic tongue potentials as evoked by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over tongue motor cortex. This technique is, however, technically challenging and enables only a rather coarse measurement of this motor mirroring. Here, we applied TMS to listeners’ tongue motor area in association with ultrasound tissue Doppler imaging to describe fine-grained tongue kinematic synergies evoked by passive listening to speech. Subjects listened to syllables requiring different patterns of dorso-ventral and antero-posterior movements (/ki/, /ko/, /ti/, /to/). Results show that passive listening to speech sounds evokes a pattern of motor synergies mirroring those occurring during speech production. Moreover, mirror motor synergies were more evident in those subjects showing good performances in discriminating speech in noise demonstrating a role of the speech-related mirror system in feed-forward processing the speaker's ongoing motor plan.
Spatial distribution of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in normal canine central and peripheral nervous system

The endocannabinoid system is a regulatory pathway consisting of two main types of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids. The CB1 receptor is highly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) in mammalians and is involved in neuromodulatory functions. Since endocannabinoids were shown to be elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of epileptic dogs, knowledge about the species specific CB receptor expression in the nervous system is required. Therefore, we assessed the spatial distribution of CB1 receptors in the normal canine CNS and PNS. Immunohistochemistry of several regions of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves from a healthy four-week-old puppy, three six-month-old dogs, and one ten-year-old dog revealed strong dot-like immunoreactivity in the neuropil of the cerebral cortex, Cornu Ammonis (CA) and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblongata and grey matter of the spinal cord. Dense CB1 expression was found in fibres of the globus pallidus and substantia nigra surrounding immunonegative neurons. Astrocytes were constantly positive in all examined regions. CB1 labelled neurons and satellite cells of the dorsal root ganglia, and myelinating Schwann cells in the PNS. These results demonstrate for the first time the spatial distribution of CB1 receptors in the healthy canine CNS and PNS. These results can be used as a basis for further studies aiming to elucidate the physiological consequences of this particular anatomical and cellular distribution.
Ablation of PRMT6 reveals a role as a negative transcriptional regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor

Arginine methylation of histones is a well-known regulator of gene expression. Protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) has been shown to function as a transcriptional repressor by methylating the histone H3 arginine 2 [H3R2(me2a)] repressive mark; however, few targets are known. To define the physiological role of PRMT6 and to identify its targets, we generated PRMT6−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). We observed that early passage PRMT6−/− MEFs had growth defects and exhibited the hallmarks of cellular senescence. PRMT6−/− MEFs displayed high transcriptional levels of p53 and its targets, p21 and PML. Generation of PRMT6−/−; p53−/− MEFs prevented the premature senescence, suggesting that the induction of senescence is p53-dependent. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we observed an enrichment of PRMT6 and H3R2(me2a) within the upstream region of Trp53. The PRMT6 association and the H3R2(me2a) mark were lost in PRMT6−/− MEFs and an increase in the H3K4(me3) activator mark was observed. Our findings define a new regulator of p53 transcriptional regulation and define a role for PRMT6 and arginine methylation in cellular senescence.
Comparing British and Australian Fear of Terrorism Pre and Post the Iraqi War

Public attitudes to terrorism influence government positions in opinion polls and highlight the effectiveness of terrorism as a political strategy. British (N = 47) and Australian (N = 42) participants' fear of terrorism at the onset of, and after, the Iraqi war were measured. Self-efficacy, locus of control, media consumption, belief in a just world and war opinions were also measured. Initially, the British were more fearful of terrorism than Australians. However, British fear declined after the war. It is postulated that fear of terrorism is influenced by war opinions with a pro-war attitude protecting against fear.
A novel signal transduction system and feedback loop regulate fructan hydrolase gene expression in Streptococcus mutans

The fruA gene of Streptococcus mutans encodes for a secreted fructan hydrolase (fructanase), an established virulence determinant required for releasing d‐fructose from levan‐ and inulin‐type fructans. Expression of fruA is under the control of carbon catabolite repression and is induced by growth in fructans. In this report, we identified an operon in S. mutans UA159 encoding a two‐component system flanked by two predicted carbohydrate‐binding proteins that is absolutely required for the expression of fruA. All four genes were found to be required for optimal growth of S. mutans on inulin‐containing medium and for transcriptional activation of fruA. Complementation assays using a plasmid expressing the response regulator suggested that the two‐component system works in concert with the sugar‐binding proteins. This operon was also shown to activate a four‐gene cluster located immediately downstream and encoding an Enzyme II (EIILev) for a fructose/mannose sugar : phosphotransferase enzyme, which was found to negatively regulate the expression of fruA. Using transcriptional fusions, it was found that fructose could signal induction of the fruA and levD operons through the two‐component system/sugar‐binding protein complex. A recombinant LevR protein was shown to bind to the promoter regions of fruA and levD in gel mobility shift assays. Thus, a ‘four‐component signal transduction system’ activates fructan catabolism and the expression of an Enzyme II complex that functions in a feedback loop to sense the accumulation of the end‐product of fructan degradation.
ThesesDB - blended self-service and supervision of students' theses

e-learning can be seen as service creation process between students and supervisors. In order to automate and enhance thesis and seminar processes at our university, we aim to increase transparency, traceability, communication, and success for our students and lecturers. Therefore, we suggest standardized process templates for students’ theses and their implementation with an IT support system. We start analyzing and designing processes for bachelor, master, and PhD theses as well as bachelor and master seminars and suggest process templates to cover these processes. To implement these standard processes, we design and implement an enhanced IT web application platform, ThesesDB. By providing a centralized view, we offer a self-service for students and supervisors in the process. Our approach is evaluated by the Computer System Usability and USE Questionnaire. Received on 20 January 2017; accepted on 06 June 2017; published on 20 June 2017
A compact dual-band direct-conversion CMOS transceiver for 802.11a/b/g WLAN

A dual-band direct-conversion RF transceiver for IEEE 802.11 a/b/g WLAN is implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with 6 mm/sup 2/ die size and 182 mW power dissipation while transmitting 1 dBm at 5 GHz. The receiver achieves 5 dB NF, -8 dBm IIP3 (high LNA gain), 96 dB total gain, and -31.4 dB EVM. The transmitter achieves 1 dBm and 2.5 dBm linear output power at 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz, respectively, with an EVM less than -31 dB.
Crystal structure of the single‐domain rhodanese homologue TTHA0613 from Thermus thermophilus HB8

Motoyuki Hattori, Eiichi Mizohata, Ayako Tatsuguchi, Rie Shibata, Seiichiro Kishishita, Kazutaka Murayama, Takaho Terada, Seiki Kuramitsu, Mikako Shirouzu, and Shigeyuki Yokoyama* RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Yokohama, Japan Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, Hyogo, Japan Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Effects of perspective and belief on analytic reasoning in a scientific reasoning task

The purpose of these studies was to test the hypothesis that changing perspectives from one's own to another's promotes the engagement of analytic processing and, in turn, reduces the impact of beliefs. In two experiments participants evaluated research vignettes containing belief-consistent and belief-inconsistent conclusions, and indicated whether the data supported a correlation between two variables. Consistent with our hypothesis, the tendency to endorse correlations consistent with prior belief was reduced when participants evaluated the data from the researcher's perspective relative to their own. We also administered the Actively Open Minded Thinking (AOT) scale (Stanovich & West, 2007, 2008), which did not predict belief effects on our task. We did however observe that the AOT was reliably associated with different response strategies: high AOT scorers were more inclined to choose ambiguous response options, such as “no conclusion is warranted”, whereas low scorers evinced a preference for more determinate options (e.g., there is no relationship between the two variables). We interpret our findings in the context of dual process theories of reasoning and from a Bayesian perspective.
Evaluating e-government initiatives: the role of formative assessment during implementation

The paper addresses theory-based e-government assessments and reviews the limitations of current methods based on summative evaluation and delivery benchmarking. It proposes the use of in itinere formative evaluation as a tool to better understand complex programs that involve various constituencies and to provide feedback on the design, adoption and use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems. Moving the evaluation process from summative to formative elevates it to a cognitive tool that can steer policy outcomes in the desired direction. The preliminary findings of applying this model to an antipollution e-government initiative confirm the relevance and potential of such an approach.
A Multifunctional Capacitive Sensor for Stretchable Electronic Skins

We present a stretchable and multifunctional capacitive sensor made of gold thin films embedded in silicone rubber. The mechanical compliance of the gold films and silicone membranes allow the device to be bent, folded, or stretched without damage, making it a suitable candidate for electronic skin applications. The device can detect strains up to 20%, human touch, and pressure up to 160 kPa, and reliably function when it is held stretched or relaxed.
Parallel Execution of the ASP Computation - an Investigation on GPUs

This paper illustrates the design and implementation of a conflict-driven ASP solver that is capable of exploiting the Single-Instruction Multiple-Thread parallelism offered by General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GPUs). Modern GPUs are multi-core platforms, providing access to large number of cores at a very low cost, but at the price of a complex architecture with non-trivial synchronization and communication costs. The search strategy of the ASP solver follows the notion of ASP computation, that avoids the generation of unfounded sets. Conflict analysis and learning are also implemented to help the search. The CPU is used only to pre-process the program and to output the results. All the solving components, i.e., nogoods management, search strategy, (non-chronological) backjumping, heuristics, conflict analysis and learning, and unit propagation, are performed on the GPU by exploiting SIMT parallelism. The preliminary experimental results confirm the feasibility and scalability of the approach, and the potential to enhance performance of ASP solvers.