Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment.

Three studies assessed the construct validity of the self- and other-model dimensions underlying the 4-category model of adult attachment (Bartholomew, 1990). Five methods were used to assess the hypothesized dimensions: self-reports, friend-reports, romantic partner reports, trained judges' ratings of peer attachment, and trained judges' ratings of family attachment. In each study, the convergent and discriminant validity of the dimensions were assessed by multitrait-multimethod matrices and by confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 related the latent attachment dimensions to theoretically relevant outcome latent variables
Dynamic Reconfigurable Shaders with Load Balancing for Embedded Graphics Processing

The increasing demand for application specific processing on portable devices is driving the design with highly efficient hardware. Many applications are streamlined, and the delays of all streamline stages better be equalized. Unfortunately, loads at each stage of streamlined processing may vary depending on input data, making load monitoring and balancing very desirable hardware features. The aim of this paper is to solve the load-imbalance problem of heterogeneous shading processors using a dynamically reconfigurable architecture. We begin with arithmetic analysis of required computations at different processors, determining basic building blocks for assorted functional units. Next we design reconfiguration controller capable of configuring a number of these blocks into desires functional units. Then, we measure load distribution and variations of concerned processors, and design load monitor to generate reconfiguration controller stimulus. Finally, we put all these together to propose our idea. Vertex and pixel processors are used in this study, due to that number of vertices to be processed versus number of pixels has noticeable variations along time. To evaluate this idea, clock cycle-based simulation using 3Dmark05 is conducted. Silicon area and processing cycles are measured in the experiments, and results are compared against a design using the same number of (vertex+pixel) shaders under the best partition for the test workloads. As a result, the measured data show that 60% improvement in speed and 30% improvement in hardware utilization can be achieved. In addition, using 27~35% less silicon area, the same performance can be achieved. The most valuable contribution is more than area and time saving of just the involved stages: with load monitoring and balancing, delays in different streamline stages can be well balanced, squeezing out the ultimate performance of the entire system.
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Performance Analysis for Orthogonal Chirp Division Multiplexing Multicarrier Systems Based on Discrete Fractional Cosine Transform

In doubly selective fading channels, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multicarrier system may fail. Chirp like basis (fractional Fourier transform-fractional cosine transform) may be used instead of complex exponential basis in this case to improve the system performance. However, in multicarrier transmission, the high peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal is one of the difficult problems that face both the chirp and the exponential basis. In this paper, an evaluation for the PAPR performance of a multicarrier system based on the fractional cosine transform (FrCT) is introduced and then compared with DFrFT and FFT. Moreover, applying the SLAM technique over these systems is provided to understand the behaviour of these systems when applying SLAM. Simulations verify that this system obtains a better PAPR performance. Moreover, further PAPR reduction can be gained using the well-known PAPR reduction methods. Moreover, applying SLAM technique improves the performance of (dB) by 4 dB to 5 dB and all systems become as competitive to each other when SLAM is applied. Finally, BER performance comparison among OFDM, Discrete Cosine Transform MCM (DCT- MCM), Discrete Hartley Transform MCM (DHT-MCM), DFrFT-OCDM and DFrCT- OCDM MCM systems was done by means of simulation over 100,000 multicarrier blocks for each one and showed that our proposed scenario gave the best performance.
Ethylene Synthesis Regulated by Biphasic Induction of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Genes Is Required for Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation and Cell Death in Ozone-Exposed Tomato1

We show that above a certain threshold concentration, ozone leads to leaf injury in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Ozone-induced leaf damage was preceded by a rapid increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase activity, ACC content, and ethylene emission. Changes in mRNA levels of specific ACC synthase, ACC oxidase, and ethylene receptor genes occurred within 1 to 5 h. Expression of the genes encoding components of ethylene biosynthesis and perception, and biochemistry of ethylene synthesis suggested that ozone-induced ethylene synthesis in tomato is under biphasic control. In transgenic plants containing anLE-ACO1 promoter-β-glucuronidase fusion construct, β-glucuronidase activity increased rapidly at the beginning of the O3 exposure and had a spatial distribution resembling the pattern of extracellular H2O2 production at 7 h, which coincided with the cell death pattern after 24 h. Ethylene synthesis and perception were required for active H2O2 production and cell death resulting in visible tissue damage. The results demonstrate a selective ozone response of ethylene biosynthetic genes and suggest a role for ethylene, in combination with the burst of H2O2production, in regulating the spread of cell death.
Switching attraction to inhibition: mating-induced reversed role of sex pheromone in an insect

SUMMARY In the moth, Agrotis ipsilon, newly mated males cease to be attracted to the female-produced sex pheromone, preventing them from re-mating until the next night, by which time they would have refilled their reproductive glands for a potential new ejaculate. The behavioural plasticity is accompanied by a decrease in neuron sensitivity within the primary olfactory centre, the antennal lobe (AL). However, it was not clear whether the lack of the sexually guided behaviour results from the absence of sex pheromone detection in the ALs, or if they ignore it in spite of detection, or if the sex pheromone itself inhibits attraction behaviour after mating. To test these hypotheses, we performed behavioural tests and intracellular recordings of AL neurons to non-pheromonal odours (flower volatiles), different doses of sex pheromone and their mixtures in virgin and newly mated males. Our results show that, although the behavioural and AL neuron responses to flower volatiles alone were similar between virgin and mated males, the behavioural response of mated males to flower odours was inhibited by adding pheromone doses above the detection threshold of central neurons. Moreover, we show that the sex pheromone becomes inhibitory by differential central processing: below a specific threshold, it is not detected within the AL; above this threshold, it becomes inhibitory, preventing newly mated males from responding even to plant odours. Mated male moths have thus evolved a strategy based on transient odour-selective central processing, which allows them to avoid the risk-taking, energy-consuming search for females and delay re-mating until the next night for a potential new ejaculate.
Space-Time Coded Generalized Multicarrier CDMA with Block-Spreading for Multirate Services

Relying on space-time generalized multicarrier CDMA and exploiting both transmit and receive antenna diversity, we design herein multirate transceivers which guarantee deterministic symbol recovery with multipath-diversity gains regardless of the (possibly unknown) frequency-selective FIR channels and multiuser interference. Our approach is based on a three-level design of user codes: the outer code handles multiuser interference, the middle code results in space-time diversity gains, and the inner code mitigates intersymbol interference. In a multiuser/multirate setting, the use of space-time block coding with two transmit and a single receive antenna achieves guaranteed diversity gains, whereas the use of two receive antennas could potentially double the capacity of the system (in terms of maximum number of users or achievable transmission rates). Simulations illustrate the merits of our designs.
Meaning ascription in the elicitation of emotional response: Automatic and nonconscious processing

Cognitive-mediational theories of emotion have contributed immensely to our understanding of emotional response and are the focus of Lazarus's target article. At the forefront of these theories, the stress and coping model of Lazarus and colleagues (Lazarus & Averill, 1972; see also Folkman & Lazarus, 1990; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984) has both stimulated considerable research and provoked controversy (see Lazarus, 1982, 1984; Zajonc, 1980). Emphasizing the role of appraisal in the elicitation of emotional response, the model assumes that the manner in which meaning is ascribed to particular situations leads to particular affective states. In this sense, Lazarus writes, "an emotion flows logically from the appraised significance of an event for a person's well-being"-with the appraisal of potential harm leading to negative emotions and the appraisal of potential benefit leading to positive emotions. More particularly, an appraisal of "loss" should result in sadness, an appraisal of unpredictable future "threat" should result in anxiety, and an appraisal of "wrongdoing" should result in anger. Although not described explicitly in the target article, these appraisals have been discussed extensively elsewhere and are widely agreed upon among cognitive-mediational theories of emotion (e.g., Averill, 1980, 1982; Beck, 1974; Fehr & Russell, 1984; Lazarus & Averill, 1972; Ortony, Clore, & Collins, 1988; Roseman, 1984; Russell, 1980, 1991; Shaver, Schwartz, Kirson, & O'Connor, 1987; C. A. Smith & Ellsworth, 1985; Stein & Levine, 1990).
Allelic Variation in a Cellulose Synthase Gene (PtoCesA4) Associated with Growth and Wood Properties in Populus tomentosa

Lignocellulosic biomass from trees provides a renewable feedstock for biofuels, lumber, pulp, paper, and other uses. Dissecting the mechanism underlying natural variation of the complex traits controlling growth and lignocellulose biosynthesis in trees can enable marker-assisted breeding to improve wood quality and yield. Here, we combined linkage disequilibrium (LD)-based association analysis with traditional linkage analysis to detect the genetic effect of a Populus tomentosa cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA4. PtoCesA4 is strongly expressed in developing xylem and leaves. Nucleotide diversity and LD in PtoCesA4, sampled from the P. tomentosa natural distribution, revealed that PtoCesA4 harbors high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity (πT = 0.0080 and θw = 0.0098) and low LD (r2 ≥ 0.1, within 1400 bp), demonstrating that the potential of a candidate-gene-based LD approach in understanding the molecular basis underlying quantitative variation in this species. By combining single SNP, multi-SNP, and haplotype-based associations in an association population of 460 individuals with single SNP linkage analysis in a family-based linkage populations (1200 individuals), we identified three strong associations (false discovery rate Q < 0.05) in both populations. These include two nonsynonymous markers (SNP49 associated with α-cellulose content and SNP59 associated with fiber width) and a noncoding marker (SNP18 associated with α-cellulose content). Variation in RNA transcript abundance among genotypic classes of SNP49 was confirmed in these two populations. Therefore, combining different methods allowed us to examine functional PtoCesA4 allelic variation underlying natural variation in complex quantitative traits related to growth and lignocellulosic biosynthesis.
Joint Resource Management with Reinforcement Learning in Heterogeneous Networks

In heterogeneous networks where multiple access networks are used, the resource management will be an important role to utilize wireless resources more effectively. We consider a base station that provides multiple access networks with different carrier frequencies and uses Adaptive Modulation and Coding scheme (AMC) based on the channel quality to communicate with the users at each access network. In order to maximize the wireless resource utilization with the guarantee of Quality of Service (QoS) for each user, the resource management in the base station needs to make various decisions taking into account of the state of wireless resource utilization and the users' behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a joint resource management which performs admission control, access network selection and vertical handover decision jointly and propose its optimal algorithm. The problem is naturally formulated as a Semi-Markov Decision Process (SMDP) and the optimal policy at each state is derived via reinforcement learning. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms other three algorithms in terms of the blocking probability and the system throughput.
Design and Evaluation of a Timestamp-Based Concurrent Error Detection Method (CED) in a Modern Microprocessor Controller

This paper presents a concurrent error detection technique for the control logic of a modern microprocessor. Our method is based on execution time prediction for each instruction executing in the processor. To evaluate the proposed method, we use a superscalar, dynamically-scheduled, out-of-order, Alpha-like microprocessor, on which we execute SPEC2000 integer benchmarks and we consider the coverage and the detection latency for faults in the scheduler module of the microprocessor controller. Experimental results show that through this method, a large percentage of control logic faults can be detected with low latency during normal operation of the processor.
Prophage-Stimulated Toxin Production in Clostridium difficile NAP1/027 Lysogens

ABSTRACT TcdA and TcdB exotoxins are the main virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, one of the most deadly nosocomial pathogens. Recent data suggest that prophages can influence the regulation of toxin expression. Here we present the characterization of φCD38-2, a pac-type temperate Siphoviridae phage that stimulates toxin expression when introduced as a prophage into C. difficile. Host range analysis showed that φCD38-2 was able to infect 99/207 isolates of C. difficile representing 11 different PCR ribotypes. Of 89 isolates corresponding to the NAP1/027 hypervirulent strain, which recently caused several outbreaks in North America and Europe, 79 (89%) were sensitive to φCD38-2. The complete double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome was determined, and a putative function could be assigned to 24 of the 55 open reading frames. No toxins or virulence factors could be identified based on bioinformatics analyses. Our data also suggest that φCD38-2 replicates as a circular plasmid in C. difficile lysogens. Upon introduction of φCD38-2 into a NAP1/027 representative isolate, up to 1.6- and 2.1-fold more TcdA and TcdB, respectively, were detected by immunodot blotting in culture supernatants of the lysogen than in the wild-type strain. In addition, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses showed that the mRNA levels of all five pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) genes were higher in the CD274 lysogen. Our study provides the first genomic sequence of a new pac-type Siphoviridae phage family member infecting C. difficile and brings further evidence supporting the role of prophages in toxin production in this important nosocomial pathogen.
Educational or Social Reform? Students Inform the Debate Over Improving Urban Schools

The educational community is divided over which is the best approach for improving urban schools: focus on teaching and learning or underlying social inequity? This article argues that the students who attend urban schools can inform the debate. The study draws on interviews with fourteen urban youth about their participation in a community-based program that supports school activism. In the program, the students selected a surprising, and seemingly trivial, set of school problems as their top reform priorities. Yet findings reveal that from the students’ vantage point, these concrete changes will enhance engagement and the perceived fairness of the educational environment. Urban students therefore bridge current policy debates by posing recommendations pertinent to both educational and social reform advocates. The study concludes with reflections on students’ contributions to the content and process of urban educational reform.
Fear of Crime Among the Elderly: Foresight, Not fright1

The seemingly paradoxical result that despite their much lower objective risk of criminal victimization older persons show significantly higher fear of crime than younger ones has become a commonplace within criminology in the last two decades. It is argued that this so-called ‘victimization-fear-paradox’ can be resolved by theoretically and empirically differentiating cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspects of fear. Additionally, gerontological concepts partially explain the linkage between objective risk of victimization and fear on the one hand and age and fear on the other. In particular, arguments from a gerontopsychological perspective reveal that older people are by no means irrational but, on the contrary, behave in an adequately cautious way because they know about their higher physical vulnerability. It is due to their carefulness that older people are in fact less often victims of crime than younger ones. Results from a nationwide representative victim-survey in Germany are presented in order to support and illustrate these arguments. It is concluded that a closer look at the concept of ‘fear of crime’, as well as at the victimological data, explains a finding which seems to be unexpected from the ‘paradox's’ point of view: fear of crime is not a major problem of the elderly's daily life.
Gender, Emotion, and the Embodiment of Language Comprehension

Language comprehension requires a simulation that uses neural systems involved in perception, action, and emotion. A review of recent literature as well as new experiments support five predictions derived from this framework. 1. Being in an emotional state congruent with sentence content facilitates sentence comprehension. 2. Because women are more reactive to sad events and men are more reactive to angry events, women understand sentences about sad events with greater facility than men, and men understand sentences about angry events with greater facility than women. 3. Because it takes time to shift from one emotion to another, reading a sad sentence slows the reading of a happy sentence more for women than men, whereas reading an angry sentence slows the reading of a happy sentence more for men than for women. 4. Because sad states motivate affiliative actions and angry states motivate aggressive action, gender and emotional content of sentences interact with the response mode. 5. Because emotion simulation requires particular action systems, adapting those action systems will affect comprehension of sentences with emotional content congruent with the adapted action system. These results have implications for the study of language, emotion, and gender differences.
SESSION X CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Previous research efforts to use on-line computer systems for personality assessment are briefly reviewed. Shortcomings in the conversion of paper-and-pencil testing forms to computer media are noted. Construction of a new instrument, specifically designed for use with an on-line computer system, is described. Advantages of this approach are noted. In the early 1960s, psychologists began to use com puters to score and interpret psychological tests. Com puter programs were developed for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (Pearson, Swenson, Rome, Mataya, & Brannick, 1965), the Rorschach (Piotrowski, 1964), the California Psy chological Inventory (Finney, 1966), the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (Karson & O'Dell, 1975), the Sentence Completion Test (Veldman, 1967), the Holtzman Ink Blot Test (Gorham, 1967), the Kelly Role Construct Repertory Test (Space, 1975), the Siosson (Hedl, O'Neil, & Hansen, 1973), and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Elwood & Griffin, 1972). These early computerized assessment approaches relied on batch processing techniques. A standardized test was administered in the traditional manner. Re sponses were then translated into computer-readable media and input to a computer system for scoring, interpretation, and printing of reports. Interpretative output was based primarily on "cookbook" formula tions or algorithms developed to mimic a clinician. Following the introduction of relatively inexpensive on-line computer technology in the early 1970s, research was undertaken to administer, score, and interpret psychological tests totally by computer. Test items were presented on cathode-ray tube terminals (CRTs), the responses being collected at a keyboard and transmitted directly for computer processing. Examples include
Applications of SKY in Cancer Cytogenetics

Clinical and cancer cytogenetics is a rapidly evolving discipline. The past decade has seen a dramatic change in molecular biology and fluorescence microscopy. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technologies has enabled the rapid analysis of cytogenetic specimens as an adjunct to classical cytogenetic analysis. Spectral karyotyping (SKY) is a 24-color, multi-chromosomal painting assay that allows the visualization of all human chromosomes in one experiment. The ability for SKY analysis to detect equivocal or complex chromosomal rearrangements, as well as to identify the chromosomal origins of marker chromosomes and other extra-chromosomal structures, makes this a highly sensitive and valuable tool for identifying recurrent chromosomal aberrations. The SKY has been applied to various tumor groups including hematological malignancies, sarcomas, carcinomas and brain tumors, with the intent of identifying specific chromosomal abnormalities that may provide insight to the genes involved in the disease process as well as identifying recurrent cytogenetic markers for clinical diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The SKY has also been applied for the mouse genome, enabling investigators to extrapolate information from mouse models of cancer to their human counterparts. This review will address the advances that SKY has facilitated in the field of cancer cytogenetics, as well as its variety of application in the cancer research laboratories.
Magellanic Cloud Cepheids: Pulsational and evolutionary modelling vs. observations

The pulsational properties of the Cepheid models along the evolutionary tracks from the Padova group (Girardi et al.), as calculated with our turbulent convective pulsation code, are in good agreement with the resonance constraints imposed by the observational OGLE-2 data of the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. Our study suggests that the P4/P1 = 1/2 resonance for the overtone Cepheids occurs for periods clustering around 4.2 d, in disagreement with the suggestion of Antonello & Poretti based on the observations of light curves, but in agreement with Kienzle et al. and Feuchtinger et al. For the fundamen- tal Cepheids the lowest order Fourier decomposition coefficients from the light curves, viz. R21 and φ21 can be used to locate the resonance region, but not so for the first overtone Cepheids. Here, the radial velocity curves can be used to locate the overtone resonance region, or in their absence, one needs to resort to numerical hydrodynamic modelling.