Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scalability of Network-Failure Resilience: Analysis Using Multi-Layer Probabilistic Graphical Models

In this work, we quantify scalability of network resilience upon failures. We characterize resilience as the percentage of lost traffic upon failures and define scalability as the growth rate of the percentage of lost traffic with respect to network size, link failure probability, and network traffic for given failure protection schemes. We apply probabilistic graphical models to characterize statistical dependence between physical-layer failures and the network-layer traffic, and analyze the scalability for large networks of different topologies. We first focus on the scalability of resilience for regular topologies under uniform deterministic traffic with independent and dependent link failures, with and without protection. For large networks with small probabilities of failures and without protection, we show that the scalability of network resilience grows linearly with the average route length and with the "effective" link failure probability. For large networks with 1 + 1 protection, we obtain lower and upper bound of the percentage of lost traffic. We derive approximations of the scalability for arbitrary topologies, and attain close-form analytical results for ring, star, and mesh-torus topologies. We then study network resilience under random traffic with Poisson arrivals. We find that when the network is under light load, the network resilience is reduced to that under uniform deterministic traffic. When the network load is under heavy load, the percentage of lost traffic approaches the marginal probability of link failure. Our scalability analysis shows explicitly how network resilience varies with different factors and provides insights for resilient network design.
- 1-Fair Value Measurement of Patented Technologies : A Survey of the German Certified Accountants

Intangible assets are regarded as the future value drivers of company performance. The increased economic importance requires an intensified analyst and investor awareness of (reported) intangible assets and their financial reporting quality. However, hardly anything is known about the actual importance and influence of different intangible asset classes in different industries. To fill this gap we accomplish a survey among the German Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) concerning intangible assets with a focus on patented technologies in order to determine the influence of intangible assets. We analyze the statements of the German CPAs with regard to intangible assets. Therefore we sent a standardized questionnaire to all 180 offices of the top ten (in terms of revenue) German auditing firms. Our results indicate that intangible assets have gained in importance. According to the German CPAs, the current influence of intangible assets on company performance is on a high level and even will increase during the next few years. The mostly used valuation approach for the fair value measurement of patented technologies is the income approach. Furthermore, the accounting standards leave options for accounting policy – a result which casts doubt on the reliability and quality of financial statements. EFM classification code: 150, 210, 710 JEL-Classification: M40, O34
The Scapegoat Theory of Exchange Rates: The First Tests

This paper provides an empirical test of the scapegoat theory of exchange rates (Bacchetta and van Wincoop 2004, 2011), as an attempt to evaluate its potential for explaining the poor empirical performance of traditional exchange rate models. This theory suggests that market participants may at times attach significantly more weight to individual economic fundamentals to rationalize the pricing of currencies, which are partly driven by unobservable shocks. Using novel survey data which directly measure foreign exchange scapegoats for 12 currencies and a decade of proprietary data on order flow, we find empirical evidence that strongly supports the empirical implications of the scapegoat theory of exchange rates, with the resulting models explaining a large fraction of the variation and directional changes in exchange rates. The findings have implications for exchange rate modelling, suggesting that a more accurate understanding of exchange rates requires taking into account the role of scapegoat factors and their time-varying nature.
A Highly Complete Spectroscopic Survey of the GOODS-N Field

We present a table of redshifts for 2907 galaxies and stars in the 145 arcmin2 HST ACS GOODS-North, making this the most spectroscopically complete redshift sample obtained to date in a field of this size. We also include the redshifts, where available, in a table containing just under 7000 galaxies from the ACS area with Ks, AB < 24.5 measured from a deep Ks image obtained with WIRCam on the CFHT, as well as in a table containing 1016 sources with NUVAB < 25 and 478 sources with FUVAB < 25.5 (there is considerable overlap) measured from the deep GALEX images in the ACS area. Finally, we include the redshifts, where available, in a table containing the 1199 24 μm sources to 80 μJy measured from the wider area Spitzer GOODS-North. The redshift identifications are greater than 90% complete to magnitudes of F 435WAB = 24.5, F 850LPAB = 23.3, and Ks, AB = 21.5, and to 24 μm fluxes of 250 μJy. An extensive analysis of these data appear in a companion paper, but here we test the efficiency of color-selection techniques to identify populations of high-redshift galaxies and active galactic nuclei. We also examine the feasibility of doing tomography of the intergalactic medium with a 30 m telescope.
PRODUKSI INULINASE DAN KECEPATAN PERTUMBUHAN SPESIFIK ISOLAT KHAMIR DUCC Y-015 PADA BERBAGAI KONSENTRASI TEPUNG UMBI DAHLIA

Inulin is an abundant compound in the nature after starch. Hydrolytic enzyme called inulinase is able to catalyse hydrolysis reaction of inulin polysaccharides into fructose and fructooligosaccharide (FOS). Yeast isolateDUCC Y-015 is one of the microbes that is able to produceinulinase. The action of inulinase enzyme associated with the growth of the isolate. Specific growth rate is one of the measurement of growth parameters; itis defined as the increase in cell biomass per unit time in the growth phase of the microbes. This study aims to examine theinulinase production and specific growth rate of yeast isolate DUCC Y-015 on the medium with various concentrations of dahlia tuber flour. The measurement of growth was done by weighing the cell dry weight and inulinase activity test was done by calculating the reduction sugar using DNS method. The used concentrations of dahlia tuber flourin the medium were 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. Inulinase activity in each treatment was 0,111 IU/ml, 0,147 IU/ml, 0,113 IU/ml and 0,119 IU/ml, respectively, whereas the specific growth rate was 0,0062 hour -1 , 0,0081 hour -1 , 0,0077 hour -1 , 0,0052 hour -1 , respectively. The resultswere tested using the Mann-Whitney Test and theKruskal-Wallis Test. According to the results, the most optimuminulinase production and specific growth rate (µ) of yeast isolate DUCC Y-015 on dahlia tuber flour medium was treated with 3% concentration of dahlia tuber flour. Keywords : Dahlia Tuber Flour, Yeast Isolate DUCC Y-015, Specific Growth Rate, Inulinase Activity
What makes Paris being Paris? Stereotypes, simulacra and tourism imaginaries

ABSTRACT Paris imaginaries have served as inspiration for the creation of themed environments for tourism consumption in several parts of the World. These imaginaries are both the origin and the result of a stereotyped image of Paris, strongly attached to the nineteenth century, to the ‘Belle Epoque’ and to ‘Romantic Paris’. From the hotel Paris Las Vegas, to the Ratatouille scenery at Disneyland Paris or to the residential area of Val d’Europe built near Disneyland Paris, Hausmannian Paris has indeed served as the main inspiration for Parisian simulacra all around the World. Our approach consists on of analyzing the « ingredients » of Paris stereotypes as they appear through two main Parisian tourism sceneries: Paris Las Vegas, in Las Vegas, and Ratatouille: L’Aventure Totalement Toquée de Rémy in Disneyland Paris. The paper concludes on a with the quasi-autonomisation of the Parisian tourism imaginaries which are eventually perpetuated through and thanks to the simulacra places built around the World. The paper stresses in particular on the role tourism plays on in the dissemination and perpetuation of these imaginary lands.
Multidimensional or Relational? / How to Organize an On-line Analytical Processing Database

In the past few years, the number of OLAP applications increased quickly. These applications use two significantly different DB structures: multidimensional (MD) and table-based. One can show that the traditional model of relational databases cannot make difference between these two structures. Another model is necessary to make the differences visible. One of these is the speed of the system. It can be proven that the multidimensional DB organization results in shorter response times. And it is crucial, since a manager may become impatient, if he or she has to wait say more than 20 seconds for the next screen. On the other hand, we have to pay for the speed with a bigger DB size. Why does the size of MD databases grow so quickly? The reason is the sparsity of data: The MD matrix contains many empty cells. Efficient handling of sparse matrices is indispensable in an OLAP application. One way to handle sparsity is to take the structure closer to the table-based one. Thus the DB size decreases, while the application gets slower. Therefore, other methods are needed. This paper deals with the comparison of the two DB structures and the limits of their usage. The new results of the paper: (1) It gives a constructive proof that all relations can be represented in MD arrays. (2) It also shows when the MD array representation is quicker than the table-based one. (3) The MD representation results in smaller DB size under some conditions. One such sufficient condition is proved in the paper. (4) A variation of the single count header compression scheme is described with an algorithm, which creates the compressed array from the ordered table without materializing the uncompressed array. (5) The speed of the two different database organizations is tested with experiments, as well. The tests are done on benchmark as well as real life data. The experiments support the theoretical results.
Summer algal blooms in shallow estuaries: Definition, mechanisms, and link to eutrophication

We propose a definition for identification of blooms and use this definition to investigate the underlying mechanisms of summer blooms and their link to nutrient enrichment. Blooms were defined as chlorophyll a observations deviating significantly from a normal seasonal cycle; the frequency and magnitude of these deviating observations characterized bloom frequency and intensity. The definition was applied to a large monitoring data set from five estuaries in Denmark with at least biweekly sampling. Four mechanisms with links to nutrient enrichment were identified as sources of summer blooms: (1) advection from biomass‐rich inner estuary, (2) resuspension of nutrients and algae from sediments, (3) nutrient releases from sediments during hypoxic conditions, and (4) decoupling of benthic grazers. Summer blooms were mostly dominated by diatoms, and in 33% of the bloom samples the dominating species was also dominant prior to the bloom. Only four species (Cerataulina pelagica, Chaetoceros socialis/radians, Prorocentrum micans, and Prorocentrum minimum) typically (>50% of blooms) increased their biomass proportion during bloom initiations. Bloom frequency and intensity decreased from 1989 to 2004, corresponding to decreases in nutrient inputs and concentrations, but only bloom frequency could be directly linked to the actual total nitrogen concentrations, whereas bloom intensities depended on site‐specific features, particularly a threshold response for stations exposed to hypoxia. Bloom frequency has increased over longer timescales in response to nutrient enrichment.
Global Warming Trend of Mean Tropospheric Temperature Observed by Satellites

We have analyzed the global tropospheric temperature for 1978 to 2002 with the use of passive microwave sounding data from the NOAA series of polar orbiters and the Earth Observing System Aqua satellite. To accurately retrieve the climatic trend, we combined the satellite data with an analytic model of temperature that contains three different time scales: a linear trend and functions that define the seasonal and diurnal cycles. Our analysis shows a trend of +0.22° to 0.26°C per 10 years, consistent with the global warming trend derived from surface meteorological stations.
The quality of design team factors on software effort estimation

Over the past ten couple of years, there is a variety of effort models proposed by academicians and practitioners at early stage of software development life cycle. Some addressed that efforts could be predicted using lines of codes (LOC) and COCOMO, others emphasized that it could be made using function point analysis (FPA) or others. The study seeks to develop a model that estimates software effort by studying and analyzing small and medium scale application software. To develop such a model, 50 completed software projects are collected from a software company. With the sample data, design team factors are identified and extracted. By applying them to simple regression analyses, a prediction of software of effort estimates with accuracy of MMRE=9% was constructed. The results give several benefits. First, the estimation problems are minimized due to the simple procedure used in identifying those factors. Second, the predicted software projects are only limited to a specific environment rather than being based upon industry environment. We believe the accuracy of effort estimates can be improved. According to the results analyzed, the work shows that it is possible to build up simple and useful prediction model based on data extracted at the early stage of software development life cycle. We hope this model can provide valuable ideas and suggestions for project designers for planning and controlling software projects in near future
An Ontology of Functional Concepts of Artifacts

This paper proposes an ontology of functional concepts of artifacts, which provides a rich and well-organized vocabulary for functional representation. It includes nine types of the roles played by a function for another function, named meta-functions, such as “to enable” and “to drive”. They represent interdependence between functions and an important part of the design rationale of artifacts. It provides vocabulary for explanation to human designers and primitives specifying functional reasoning space for (re)design systems.
A New Method of Diagnosing Constitutional Types Based on Vocal and Facial Features for Personalized Medicine

The aim of the present study is to develop an accurate constitution diagnostic method based solely on the individual's physical characteristics, irrespective of psychologic traits, characteristics of clinical medicine, and genetic factors. In this paper, we suggest a novel method for diagnosing constitutional types using only speech and face characteristics. Based on 514 subjects, the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) values of classification models in age and gender groups ranged from 0.64 to 0.89. We identified significant features showing statistical differences among three constitutional types by performing statistical analysis. Also, we selected a compact and discriminative feature subset for constitution diagnosis in each age and gender group. Our method may support the direction of improved diagnosis prediction and will serve to develop a personal and automatic constitution diagnosis software for improvement of the effectiveness of prescribed medications and development of personalized medicine.
EFFECTIVE LIGHTWEIGHT TRUST DECISION MAKING SCHEME FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

A sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. The position of sensor nodes need not be pre-determined. This allows random deployment in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operations. On the other hand, this also means that sensor network protocols and algorithms must possess self-organizing capabilities. In this research work, a lightweight trust decision making scheme (LTDMS) for attaining balance between malicious nodes and energy conservation in networks. In first phase, multicast route is integrated to ensure network connectivity and avoid node failures. In second phase, key based authentication to provide integrity. Here four types of iterations are used during integrity phase. In third packet format is proposed for monitoring integrity and energy saving status. So the efficient secure multicast route can be chosen to improve the network performance. By simulation results, the proposed LTDMS achieves better data delivery rate, improved network lifetime, high packet integrity rate, less end to end delay and overhead in terms of mobility, pause time, throughput, and number of nodes than previous schemes namely HDTMP.
“The Evolution of C2” A Tajik Extension of the Multilingual Information Extraction System ZENON

The new deployments of the German Federal Armed Forces create the necessity to analyze large quantities of intelligence reports and other documents written in different languages. We set up the research project ZENON, in which a multilingual information extraction approach is used for (partial) content analysis from texts written in different languages. At the moment the ZENON system is able to (partially) process English documents and documents written in Dari that are restricted in structure and vocabulary. In this paper, we present the functionality to do information extraction for Tajik texts as well. The Tajik module created will further extend our research system. We show how named entities, verbs and compound verb phrases from documents written in Tajik are extracted and represented. We also show how a simple word-to-word translation is integrated into the system. After a short introduction, the current multilingual information extraction project ZENON is explained. In the main part of the paper, our approach to information extraction from Tajik texts is described in detail.
Adjustments in Demand during Lithuania's Economic Transition

Significant economic changes have occurred in Lithuania since 1992. Major market reforms were introduced through phased liberalization of producer and consumer prices. In this study, panel data from a Lithuanian Household Budget Survey conducted during 1992-94 were used to estimate demand parameters for aggregated commodity groups. The researchers evaluated consumer demand behavior during the period of economic transition and assessed the effects of the economic changes on Lithuanian households.
Visceral Abdominal and Subfascial Femoral Adipose Tissue Have Opposite Associations with Liver Fat in Overweight and Obese Premenopausal Caucasian Women

Abdominal obesity has been associated with liver fat storage. However, the relationships between other body composition depots and metabolic syndrome features with hepatic fat are still unclear. We examined abdominal and thigh adipose tissue (AT) compartments associations with liver fat in 140 overweight and obese premenopausal Caucasian women. Blood lipids and, proinflammatory and atherothrombotic markers associations with hepatic fat were also analyzed. A larger visceral AT (VAT) was related with liver fat (P < 0.05). Contrarily, thigh subfascial AT was inversely related to liver fat (P < 0.05). Increased fasting insulin, triglycerides, PAI-1 concentrations, and a higher total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were also associated with hepatic fat, even after adjustment for VAT (P < 0.05). Thigh subfascial adiposity was inversely associated with liver fat, suggesting a potential preventive role against ectopic fat storage in overweight and obese women. These results reinforce the contribution of an abdominal obesity phenotype associated with a diabetogenic and atherothrombotic profile to liver lipotoxicity.
Replication in mammalian cells recapitulates the locus-specific differences in somatic instability of genomic GAA triplet-repeats

Friedreich ataxia is caused by an expanded (GAA·TTC)n sequence in intron 1 of the FXN gene. Small pool PCR analysis showed that pure (GAA·TTC)44+ sequences at the FXN locus are unstable in somatic cells in vivo, displaying both expansions and contractions. On searching the entire human and mouse genomes we identified three other genomic loci with pure (GAA·TTC)44+ sequences. Alleles at these loci showed mutation loads of <1% compared with 6.3–30% for FXN alleles of similar length, indicating that somatic instability in vivo is regulated by locus-specific factors. Since distance between the origin of replication and the (CTG·CAG)n sequence modulates repeat instability in mammalian cells, we tested if this could also recapitulate the locus-specific differences for genomic (GAA·TTC)n sequences. Repeat instability was evaluated following replication of a (GAA·TTC)115 sequence in transfected COS1 cells under the control of the SV40 origin of replication located at one of five different distances from the repeat. Indeed, depending on the location of the SV40 origin relative to the (GAA·TTC)n sequence, we noted either no instability, predominant expansion or both expansion and contraction. These data suggest that mammalian DNA replication is a possible mechanism underlying locus-specific differences in instability of GAA triplet-repeat sequences.
Integrating bioinformatics resources on the EGEE grid platform

Understanding biological data from complete genome sequencing projects is one of major challenges in Bioinformatics. These data are published into several worldwide databases. And bioinformaticians analyzing these data need efficient access to these up-to-date biological data coupled with relevant algorithms and also with large computing and storage resources. Grid computing, as in the EGEE project, will be a viable solution to distribute and integrate these genomics, post-genomics and proteomics data and bioinformatics algorithms. We have deployed several representative biological data and bioinformatics programs for protein sequences analysis onto the worldwide production EGEE grid. These resources are available to all biologists and bioinformaticians joining the "biomedical" virtual organization in EGEE
N-Myristoylation Regulates the SnRK1 Pathway in Arabidopsis[W]

Cotranslational and posttranslational modifications are increasingly recognized as important in the regulation of numerous essential cellular functions. N-myristoylation is a lipid modification ensuring the proper function and intracellular trafficking of proteins involved in many signaling pathways. Arabidopsis thaliana, like human, has two tightly regulated N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) genes, NMT1 and NMT2. Characterization of knockout mutants showed that NMT1 was strictly required for plant viability, whereas NMT2 accelerated flowering. NMT1 impairment induced extremely severe defects in the shoot apical meristem during embryonic development, causing growth arrest after germination. A transgenic plant line with an inducible NMT1 gene demonstrated that NMT1 expression had further effects at later stages. NMT2 did not compensate for NMT1 in the nmt1-1 mutant, but NMT2 overexpression resulted in shoot and root meristem abnormalities. Various data from complementation experiments in the nmt1-1 background, using either yeast or human NMTs, demonstrated a functional link between the developmental arrest of nmt1-1 mutants and the myristoylation state of an extremely small set of protein targets. We show here that protein N-myristoylation is systematically associated with shoot meristem development and that SnRK1 (for SNF1-related kinase) is one of its essential primary targets.