Human Identification with Finger Veins Using Repeated Line Tracking , Even Gabor and Automatic Trimap Generation Algorithms

--Finger vein is a unique physiological biometric which is used for identification of individuals based on the physical characteristics and parameters of the vein patterns in the human body. This technology is at present in use or development for a wide range of applications, which includes credit card authentication [1], security in automobile, employee time and tracking attendance [1], computer and network authentication, security at end points and automated teller machines [1]. In this paper, different level of techniques are discussed and analyzed i.e., Repeated Line Tracking, Gabor Filter, Automatic Trimap generation and Graph Matching a comparatively evaluate them with more popular score-level fusion approaches to ascertain their effectiveness in this proposed system. The basic principle, different feature extraction techniques and performance measuring are analyzed. Mostly the existing work is functionally described and compared in three parts (i.e. Finger vein acquired image, pre-processing and feature extraction). Keywords---Finger vein, Gabor Filter, Repeated line Tracking and Automatic Trimap Generation Algorithm. INTRODUCTION Image processing is a method to convert an image into digital form and perform some operations on it, in order to get an enhanced image or to extract some useful information from it. It is a type of signal dispensation in which input is image, like video frame or photograph and output may be image or characteristics associated with that image. Usually Image Processing system includes treating images as two dimensional signals while applying already set signal processing methods to them. Image Processing forms core research area within engineering and computer science disciplines too. Image processing basically includes the following three steps: • Importing the image with optical scanner or by digital photography. • Analyzing and manipulating the image which includes data compression and image enhancement and spotting patterns that are not to human eyes like satellite photographs. • Output is the last stage in which result can be altered image or report that is based on image analysis. Finger vein is a unique physiological biometric for identifying individuals based on the physical characteristics and attributes of the vein patterns in the human finger [5]. It is a fairly recent technological advance in the field of biometrics that is being applied to different fields such as medical [5], financial, law enforcement facilities and other applications where high levels of security or privacy is very vital. And this technology is very impressive because it requires only small and relatively cheap single-chip design, and has an identification process that is contact-less and of higher accuracy when compared with other identification biometrics like fingerprint, iris, facial and others. This higher accuracy rate of finger vein is not unconnected with the fact that finger vein patterns are virtually impossible to forge thus it has become one of the fastest growing new biometric technology that is quickly finding its way from research labs to commercial development. Historically, R&D at Hitachi of Japan (1997-2000) discovered that finger vein pattern recognition was a viable biometric for personal authentication technology and by 2000-2005 were the first to commercialize the technology into different product forms, such as ATMs. Their research reports false acceptance rate (FAR) of as low as 0.0001 % and false reject rate (FRR) of 0.1%. Today 70% of major financial institutions in Japan are using finger vein authentication. Finger vein based biometric system has several benefits when compared with other hands based on the biometric methods. Figure 1: Hitachi of Japan history of research & development on finger-vein recognition Technology Firstly, the finger vein pattern is very hard to replicate. In addition, the quality of the captured vein pattern is not easily influenced by their conditions of skin. As compared with palm vein based verification system, the size of the device can be made smaller. In the end, finger vein recognition does not require contact between the finger and the sensor, which is desirable for a hygienic viewpoint. Most of the current available approaches for finger vein recognition have similarities on the feature extraction method which utilized the features from the segmented blood vessel network for recognize output. However, due to the optical blurred and skin scattered Prabjot kaur et al, / (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (6) , 2014, 8003-8007