Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of English to Yorùbá Machine Translation System for Yorùbá Verbs’ Tone Changing

In translating English sentences (text) to Yoruba sentences (text), some Yoruba verbs change tone from the bilingual dictionary low -tone to mid -tone when they are translated to Yoruba. They are called tone change verbs. These tone change verbs do pose some challenges in English to Yoruba machine translation. Most of the time it changes the meaning of the sentence. These changes usually depend on the positions of the nouns and pronouns in the sentence . The verbs in this category were collected from different Yoruba sentences that contain tone change verbs. Some re-write rules were designed for the two languages . The re -write rules were tested using JFLAP. Apart from re-write rules, there are other grammatical rules considered and the rules affected the Yoruba translations. The software was designed using unified modelling language (UML). The Rule-based approach was used for the translation. Python programming language was used for the software development. The python has natural language tool kits that are used for the sentence parsing. The system accept English sentence then discover the pattern for the sentence. The system was implemented and tested for twenty tone change verbs within the home domain. The two languages are subject verb object (SVO) sentence structure with some differences. The results show that the MT system can translate these tone change verbs. The system is efficient in its response time. IFEMT2 system was developed to handle the translation of tone changing verbs. IFEMT2 was used to compare with the Google translator. IFEMT2 system performs better than the Google translator. The Google translator could not adequately translate these tone change verbs.
The perceived role and influencers of physical activity among pregnant women from low socioeconomic status communities in South Africa.

BACKGROUND Facility-based and context-specific interventions to promote physical activity (PA) among pregnant women from economically underprivileged communities remain sparse and undocumented in South Africa. This study aimed to generate information about pregnant women's views and experiences of PA during pregnancy, which will later be used to inform the development of a PA-based intervention targeting this group. METHODS Qualitative methods were used and framed on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Five focus group discussions were conducted at a Community Health Centre in Cape Town, each comprising a stratified random sample of between 8 and 6 pregnant women living in eight low socioeconomic status communities close to the facility. The participants included primi- and multigravida black and mixed racial ancestry women at different stages of pregnancy. Data were analyzed using a Framework approach. RESULTS PA was considered important for self and the baby for most participants. However, they reported a number of barriers for translating intentions into action including the lack of supportive environment, fear of hurting oneself and the growing baby, lack of time due to work and family responsibilities, and not knowing which and how much PA is safe to do. Some of the incentives to engage in PA included establishing community-based group exercise clubs, initiating antenatal PA education and PA sessions during antenatal visits. CONCLUSION Based on our findings the need for an intervention to promote PA in pregnancy is evident. Such an intervention should, however, aim at addressing barriers reported in this study, particularly those related to the behavioral context.
A Survey on Cloud Video Multicasting Over Mobile Networks

Since multimedia streaming has become very popular research topic in the recent years, this paper surveys the state of art techniques introduced for multimedia multicasting over mobile networks. In this paper, we give an overview of multimedia multicasting mechanisms in respect to cloud mobile communications, and we present some proposed solutions in perspective. We focus on the algorithms designed specifically for the video-on-demand applications. Our study on video-on-demand applications will eventually cover a wide range of applications such as cloud gaming without violating the limited scope of this survey.
Research about Safety Culture Perception and Safety Behavior of Members in Low Cost Carriers in Korea

Background/Objectives: Aviation safety would be different by safety behavior of members and there are needs to do research the perception of members about safety culture and atmosphere of low cost carriers. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Positive analysis of people who have been working in local low cost carriers had been done using Self-administered Questionnaire Survey Method through Convenience Sampling Method. And statistic things were treated by a statistic package program called “SPSS for Win 18.0”. Plus, the analysis of data had been done by Descriptive Statistics and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Findings: Firstly, It was found that all of factors in safety culture have given a meaningful effect into safety atmosphere. Analyzing it, it is natural that safety regulation culture to mainly think conducting duties based on rules influences the atmosphere to consider safety education and regulation of safety importantly. According to the test result of hypothesis 2, it was showed that all of factors in safety culture have given a meaningful effect into a safety behavior as well. It means that the culture to treat a safety as first priority when people work has an effect on safety behavior. Based on the test result of hypothesis 3, it was known that only factor of safety consensual give an effect on safety behavior. It has delivered that members in organizations have recognized safety consensual is the most important factor in safety behavior, especially more in low cost carriers’ than major airlines. Improvement/Applications: Unlike other researches, detailed influences and relationship in various variables could be researched in this study. Through this research, it is concluded that it is difficult to find accurate and a variety of variables in existing researches. This report and result could be the starting point to explore deeper and wider relationship among variables for safety behavior.
Value Added Service and Service Quality from the Customer’s Perspective: An Empirical Investigation in Thai Telecommunication Industry

Increasing global competition has led to an intensively competitive market among service providers. Several organizations have created and developed a variety of products or services; in particular the telecommunications industry has developed mobile phone services. Various value-added services linked to mobile phone services, such as communication, entertainment, information services and money transfer services have been intensively incorporated to sustain and serve the customer’s need, which in turn demands performance maximization. In service marketing literature, SERVQUAL and SERVPERF have been reported as failing to measure service quality in new industries such as the retail industry’s B2B service. Therefore, service quality models for the mobile phone service industry need to be further developed. Service quality models have placed little focus on value-added services and no research has yet operationalized the concept of value-added services in a service quality model from the customer’s perspective of the service industry. Hence, this paper aims to conceptualize a service quality model based on Gronroos’ Model, other exploratory research and the current market situation in the service context. A total of 998 structured questionnaires were distributed to pre-paid mobile phones users in nine provinces around Thailand. The results indicate four dimensions of service quality. The value-added services have shown a particularly high level of measurements of satisfaction. These findings reveal a meaningful insight into how customers perceive the value-added services offered by service providers. This will help managers to design an appropriate variety of service options that suit their customers and in turn may lead to the development of a long-term relationship with their organizations. Keywords: Value added services, Service quality, Telecommunication Thailand
Embryonic Poly(A)-Binding Protein Stimulates Translation in Germ Cells

ABSTRACT The function of poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABP1) in poly(A)-mediated translation has been extensively characterized. Recently, Xenopus laevis oocytes and early embryos were shown to contain a novel poly(A)-binding protein, ePABP, which has not been described in other organisms. ePABP was identified as a protein that binds AU-rich sequences and prevents shortening of poly(A) tails. Here, we show that ePABP is also expressed in X. laevis testis, suggesting a more general role for ePABP in gametogenesis. We find that ePABP is conserved throughout vertebrates and that mouse and X. laevis cells have similar tissue-specific ePABP expression patterns. Furthermore, we directly assess the role of ePABP in translation. We show that ePABP is associated with polysomes and can activate the translation of reporter mRNAs in vivo. Despite its relative divergence from PABP1, we find that ePABP has similar functional domains and can bind to several PABP1 partners, suggesting that they may use similar mechanisms to activate translation. In addition, we find that PABP1 and ePABP can interact, suggesting that these proteins may be bound simultaneously to the same mRNA. Finally, we show that the activity of both PABP1 and ePABP increases during oocyte maturation, when many mRNAs undergo polyadenylation.
Assay for 5′ Noncoding Region Analysis of All Human Rhinovirus Prototype Strains

ABSTRACT Increasing recognition of the association of rhinovirus with severe lower respiratory tract illnesses has clarified the need to understand the relationship between specific serotypes of rhinovirus and their clinical consequences. To accomplish this, a specific and sensitive assay to detect and serotype rhinovirus directly from clinical specimens is needed. Traditional methods of serotyping using culture and serum neutralization are time-consuming, limited to certain reference laboratories, and complicated by the existence of over 100 serotypes of human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Accordingly, we have developed a sequence-based assay that targets a 390-bp fragment accounting for approximately two-thirds of the 5′ noncoding region (NCR). Our goal was to develop an assay permitting amplification of target sequences directly from clinical specimens and distinction among all 101 prototype strains of rhinoviruses. We determined the sequences of all 101 prototype strains of HRV in this region to enable differentiation of virus genotypes in both viral isolates and clinical specimens. We evaluated this assay in a total of 101 clinical viral isolates and 24 clinical specimens and compared our findings to genotyping results using a different region of the HRV genome (the VP4-VP2 region). Five specimens associated with severe respiratory disease in children did not correlate with any known serotype of rhinovirus and were found to belong to a novel genogroup of rhinovirus, genogroup C. Isolates were also found that corresponded to the genogroup A2 variant identified in New York and Australia and two other novel group A clusters (GAC1 and GAC2).
Relation extraction via deep-fusion convolution neural network

Aiming at the problem that the traditional single neural network method is limited in feature dimension extraction, a new deep-fusion convolutional neural network is proposed. It uses two kinds of different representations (i.e., word vector and shortest dependency path) as different inputs of convolutional neural network, therefore, it is capable to learn more dimension text features automatically and fuse them deeply in high dimensional feature space and then it improves the accuracy of relation extraction. Experiments are conducted on the SemEval-2010 Task 8 data sets, the results show that the proposed relation extraction method based on deep-fusion convolutional neural network can effectively combine the traditional text features and high dimensional features of neural network learning, and improves the effectiveness of relation extraction.
I have to switch the terminal: Evaluating the impact on video quality perception

HTTP adaptive streaming technology is now widely adopted in multimedia services because of its ability to provide adaptation to the streaming context, especially characteristics of end-user devices and dynamic network conditions. There are various studies targeting the evaluation of the Quality of Experience (QoE) in this framework. However, none has considered the scenario of the user changing the viewing device during the streaming session, which is the objective of this paper. It provides the following major contributions: definition of the multi-device streaming session scenario; the implementation of a realistic testing case; the execution of subjective tests involving 28 people; and the detailed analysis of the influence of the devices' switching events.
Sanremo's Winner Is... Category-driven Selection Strategies for Active Learning

English. This paper compares Active Learning selection strategies for sentiment analysis of Twitter data. We focus mainly on category-driven strategies, which select training instances taking into consideration the confidence of the system as well as the category of the tweet (e.g. positive or negative). We show that this combination is particularly effective when the performance of the system is unbalanced over the different categories. This work was conducted in the framework of automatically ranking the songs of “Festival di Sanremo 2017” based on sentiment analysis of the tweets posted during the contest. Italiano. Questo lavoro confronta strategie di selezione di Active Learning per l’analisi del sentiment dei tweet focalizzandosi su strategie guidate dalla categoria. Selezioniamo istanze di addestramento combinando la categoria del tweet (per esempio positivo o negativo) con il grado di confidenza del sistema. Questa combinazione è particolarmente efficace quando la distribuzione delle categorie non è bilanciata. Questo lavoro aveva come scopo il ranking delle canzoni del “Festival di Sanremo 2017” sulla base dell’analisi del sentiment dei tweet postati durante la manifestazione.
A conceptual framework for ranking the multiple intelligences of people with epilepsy

Intelligence of a person can be enhanced if the person focuses and practices regularly. ATIE©, a psychometric test, was developed based on the Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory of Howard Gardner to measure eight types of intelligence skills namely musical, kinesthetic, math-logic, spatial, verbal, interpersonal, intrapersonal and naturalist. The inverse model of ATIE , Fuzzy Inverse ATIE (FIA) was developed to get the best intelligence parameters that would be garnered to maximize the employment probability of people with epilepsy (PWE). In this paper, we present a conceptual framework of a model to rank the suggested intelligences obtained from FIA which are to be improved. This information is essential in order to improve the chances of PWE to be employed.
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Murine Cytomegalovirus with a Mutation at Open Reading Frame m166

ABSTRACT We have recently generated a pool of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutants by using a Tn3-based transposon mutagenesis approach. In this study, one of the mutants, Rvm166, which contained the transposon sequence at open reading frame m166, was characterized both in tissue culture and in immunocompetent BALB/c mice and immunodeficient SCID mice. The viral mutant replicated as well as the wild-type Smith strain in vitro in NIH 3T3 cells, whereas the transposon insertion precluded the expression of >65% of the m166 open reading frame. Compared to the wild-type strain and a rescued virus that restored the m166 region, the viral mutant was significantly attenuated in growth in both BALB/c and SCID mice that were intraperitoneally infected with the viruses. At 21 days postinfection, the titers of the viral mutant in the salivary glands, lungs, spleens, livers, and kidneys of the infected SCID mice were lower than the titers of the Smith strain and the rescued virus by about 30,000-, 10,000-, 1,000-, 300-, and 800-fold, respectively. Moreover, the virulence of the mutant virus appears to be severely attenuated because no death was found in SCID mice infected with the viral mutant up to 90 days postinfection, whereas all of the animals infected with the wild-type and rescued viruses died at 27 days postinfection. Our results suggest that m166 probably encodes a virulence factor and is required for MCMV virulence in killing SCID mice and for optimal viral growth in vivo.
Dilution rates influence ammonia‐assimilating enzyme activities and cell parameters of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D in continuous (glucose‐limited) culture

Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dilution rates (Ds, varying from 0·05 to 0·42 h−1) in glucose‐limited continuous culture on cell yield, cell composition, fermentation pattern and ammonia assimilation enzymes of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D.
Control of Amplified Spontaneous Emission in the Laser system for Intense Laser Plasma Acceleration Research

One of the emerging trends in new accelerator techniques is the laser based acceleration of particles, known as laser – plasma acceleration. Interaction of intense ultra short laser pulse with matter generates oscillations in hot plasma and the subsequent acceleration of electrons in a wakefield . Electrons can be accelerated to around 100 MeV within 1 mm distance. Ion beams can also be produced by laser plasma acceleration, though with a broader energy spectrum than achieved with electrons. Since laserplasma acceleration offers the potential of compact accelerator technology, at BARC work has begun on the development of 20 terawatt pulsed laser system based on Nd:glass. Whether the laser plasma accelerator can produce high quality particle beams , depends on the characteristics of the laser pulse itself. These laser systems generally use the technique of chirped pulse amplification, where, after amplification the laser pulses are recompressed to obtain the high intensity required for laser plasma acceleration. The recompressed laser pulse temporal profile is very crucial for the best particle acceleration. The pulse should be free of a pedestal and pre-pulse, giving a high intensity contrast ratio (ratio of intensity of the short pulse to the intensity of the pedestal) for the recompressed pulse. The pedestal and pre pulse contains enough energy to create a plasma when the laser pulse is focused on target, before the arrival of the powerful femto-second range pulse. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the amplifier stages give the main contribution to the harmful pedestal. The optical scheme used in the front end amplifier stage that has been designed and developed to reduce the ASE is described. A detailed numerical analysis using Frantz & Nodvik rate equation model was done for the amplifier. We have found that by introducing an angular misalignment , inducing a differential loss for the main pulse to be amplified and the spontaneous emission, it is possible to increase the intensity contrast ratio by two orders of magnitude in the recompressed pulse. In the experimental set up too , for the amplification of the laser pulse, we have incorporated this method of misalignment to reduce amplified spontaneous emission . This should improve the temporal profile of the final compressed pulse.
Transitory expression of alpha cardiac myosin heavy chain in a subpopulation of secondary generation muscle fibers in the pig

Unlike the random distribution of fiber types seen in skeletal muscles of most mammals, pig muscle exhibits a rosette pattern consisting of islets of slow fibers surrounded by concentric circles of type IIA and IIB fibers. Within each islet of slow fibers, one of the central fibers is a primary myofiber, whereas all others are secondary fibers. The present study demonstrates that a subpopulation of the slow secondary fibers transiently expresses α‐myosin heavy chain (MHC). Two cDNA libraries were made from longissimus dorsi skeletal muscle of 14‐day‐old piglet and adult pig atrium; the latter muscle is mainly composed of α‐MHC. Screening of the libraries with a human anti‐α‐MHC mAb (F8812F8) demonstrated the presence of positive MHC clones in both libraries; the nucleotide sequence of the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) was identical in both libraries. As this MHC 3′‐UTR had 75% homology with the human α‐MHC, it was identified as pig α‐MHC. Using specific cRNA probes and mAbs against pig α‐cardiac and β/slow/type I MHC, we studied the expression of these MHCs in developing pig semitendinosus muscle by combining in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry on serial sections at 90 days of gestation, and at 1, 6, 35 days and 6 months of age. The results showed that a subpopulation of secondary fibers that directly abut primary fibers, transiently produced α‐MHC, both at the levels of the protein and its transcript. Subsequently, these fibres expressed β‐MHC. At 1 day, immunocytochemistry showed that 16% of the secondary fibers expressed α‐MHC, among which 20% did not yet express β‐MHC. At 6 days, α‐ and β‐MHCs were mostly present in the same fibers, i.e., 23% of the secondary fibers. Thereafter, the proportion of secondary fibers reacting with α‐MHC mAb decreased to 10% at 5 weeks and 0% at 6 months, whereas β‐MHC was still accumulating in about 38% of the secondary fibers. During the period studied, the distribution of α‐ and β‐MHC transcripts closely matched that of the corresponding proteins. Expression of α‐MHC was not detected in primary type I muscle fibers and slow type I secondary fibers at the periphery of the rosettes of slow fibers. This study is the first unequivocal demonstration of a transitory expression of α‐MHC in a subpopulation of secondary fibers in a limb skeletal muscle during mammalian development. Dev. Dyn. 1997;210:106–116. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Channel occupancy-based user association in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs

It is usually possible to associate with more than one Access Point (AP) in IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs. AP selection is a crucial issue because the performance achieved by a user heavily depends on the AP selected. A received signal strength (RSS)-based association mechanism is specified by the IEEE 802.11 standard. However, this does not consider the channel conditions and AP load, which leads to a low throughput and a low user transmission rate. An alternative to using the RSS is to exploit the airtime metric, which provides users with information on how busy the channel is, but the results of our simulations show that the airtime metric cannot indicate the exact status of the channel. In this paper, we present a new association framework using channel occupancy in order to provide users with exact channel status information of APs. Via the proposed scheme, users can compare the achievable throughput provided by each AP and select the best AP. We validate our proposed association method via simulation results, which show that the throughput improvement of the method is worthy of notice.