Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Active Harmonic Load–Pull for On-Wafer Out-of-Band Device Linearity Optimization

In this paper, we present an active harmonic load-pull system especially developed for the on-wafer linearity characterization/optimization of active devices with wideband modulated signals using the out-of-band linearization technique. Our setup provides independent control of the impedances at the baseband, fundamental, and second-harmonic frequencies presented to the input and output of the device under test. Furthermore, to enable realistic test conditions with wideband-modulated signals, the electrical delays in the load-pull system are kept as small as possible by implementing a novel loop architecture with in-phase quadrature modulators. We have achieved a phase variation of the reflection coefficient of only 5deg/MHz for both the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. We demonstrate the high potential of the system for the on-wafer evaluation of new technology generations by applying out-of-band linearization to heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) and laterally diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (LDMOS) devices. For the HBT, we outline a game plan to obtain the optimum efficiency-linearity tradeoff. Finally, a record-high efficiency-linearity tradeoff was achieved (without digital predistortion) for an inverse class-AB operated Philips Gen 6 LDMOS device, yielding 44% efficiency at an adjacent channel power level of -45 dBc at 2.14 GHz for an IS-95 signal
Activity Related to Perceptual Judgment and Action in Primary Auditory Cortex

Recent evidence is reshaping the view of primary auditory cortex (A1) from a unisensory area to one more involved in dynamically integrating multisensory- and task-related information. We found A1 single- (SU) and multiple-unit (MU) activity correlated with macaques' choices in an amplitude modulation (AM) discrimination task. Animals were trained to discriminate AM noise from unmodulated noise by releasing a lever for AM noise and holding down the lever for unmodulated noise. Activity for identical stimuli was compared between trials where the animals reported AM and trials where they did not. We found 47.4% of MUs and 22.8% of SUs significantly increased firing shortly before the animal's behavioral response to report AM when compared to the equivalent time period on trials where AM was not reported. Activity was also linked to lever release in a different task context, suggesting A1 modulation by somatosensory, or efference copy, input. When spikes were counted only during the stimulus, 19.6% of MUs and 13.8% of SUs increased firing rate when animals reported AM compared to when they did not, suggesting an attentional effect, or that A1 activity can be used by higher decision areas, or that such areas provide feedback to A1. Activity associated with AM reporting was correlated with a unit's AM sensitivity, suggesting AM sensitive neurons' involvement in task performance. A1 neurons' phase locking to AM correlated more weakly (compared to firing rate) with the animals' report of AM, suggesting a preferential role for rate-codes in A1 for this AM discrimination task.
Engagement in e-cycling and the self-management of type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study in primary care

Background Physical activity (PA) is important in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), however many people find it difficult to implement and/or sustain in the self-management of the condition. Electrically assisted cycling (e-cycling) may be viewed as a means of self-management in which effort is invested to balance the interplay of lifestyle factors and disease progression. Aim To explore engagement with an e-cycling intervention conducted with adults with T2DM. Design & setting Prospective qualitative interview study with adults in central Bristol (UK) and surrounding suburbs, in the context of the self-management of T2DM in primary care. Method Interviews were conducted with 20 individuals with T2DM (42–70 years, 11 male, 9 female) prior to their participation in a 20-week e-cycling intervention. Post-intervention interviews were conducted with 18 participants (11 male, 7 female). Interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Participants were aware that PA contributed to the management of their diabetes. Engagement with e-cycling was viewed as both an acceptable and a social lifestyle intervention. Furthermore, participants were unhappy with the volume of medication used to manage their diabetes and e-cycling fostered autonomy in the management of T2DM. GPs and practice nurses were regarded as an important source of reliable information, and were considered to be best placed to talk about interventions to increase PA. Conclusion E-cycling is viewed as an acceptable form of PA to aid the self-management of T2DM. E-cycling may support people with T2DM to reduce their medication intake and in turn foster greater autonomy in managing the condition. The findings have implications for the role of primary care health professionals in supporting both patients and significant others in adoption of e-cycling.
Attenuating bullwhip effect using robust-intelligent controller

A Robust-Intelligent controller based on sliding mode control theory and neural network is presented to reduce the bullwhip effect in supply chain. A state space model used to design and evaluate the performance of the proposed controller. The neural network control strategy is studied to overcome the “chattering” of the sliding mode controller. The numerical simulations are curried out to check the effectiveness of proposed robust-intelligent controller. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed controller can effectively suppress the bullwhip effect. Furthermore it is shown that the chattering of sliding mode controller is smoothed when it is integrated with a neural network control strategy.
The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment . Real Time Data Analysis Systems in the OGLE-III Survey

We describe three real time data analysis systems implemented during the third phase of the OGLE survey (OGLE-III). The EWS system is designed to detect ongoing microlensing events. The EEWS system monitors the microlensing phenomena for anomalies from the single mass microlensing. The NOOS system detects transient objects in the OGLE-III fields (SNe, microlensing events, variable stars) that normally are below the detection threshold. Information on objects detected by each of these systems is distributed to the astronomical community for follow up observations. Also a short description of the OGLE-III hardware and photometric data pipeline is presented.
Comparing high-change modules and modules with the highest measurement values in two large-scale open-source products

Identifying change-prone modules can enable software developers to take focused preventive actions that can reduce maintenance costs and improve quality. Some researchers observed a correlation between change proneness and structural measures, such as size, coupling, cohesion, and inheritance measures. However, the modules with the highest measurement values were not found to be the most troublesome modules by some of our colleagues in industry, which was confirmed by our previous study of six large-scale industrial products. To obtain additional evidence, we identified and compared high-change modules and modules with the highest measurement values in two large-scale open-source products, Mozilla and OpenOffice, and we characterized the relationship between them. Contrary to common intuition, we found through formal hypothesis testing that the top modules in change-count rankings and the modules with the highest measurement values were different. In addition, we observed that high-change modules had fairly high places in measurement rankings, but not the highest places. The accumulated findings from these two open-source products, together with our previous similar findings for six closed-source products, should provide practitioners with additional guidance in identifying the change-prone modules.
Driving cessation and increased depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND To understand the consequences of driving cessation in older adults, the authors evaluated depression in former drivers compared with active drivers. METHODS Depression (as assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), driving status, sociodemographic factors, health status, and cognitive function were evaluated for a cohort of 1953 residents of Sonoma County, California, aged 55 years and older, as part of a community-based study of aging and physical performance. The authors re-interviewed 1772 participants who were active drivers at baseline 3 years later. RESULTS At baseline, former drivers reported higher levels of depression than did active drivers even after the authors controlled for age, sex, education, health, and marital status. In a longitudinal analysis, drivers who stopped driving during the 3-year interval (i.e., former drivers) reported higher levels of depressive symptoms than did those who remained active drivers, after the authors controlled for changes in health status and cognitive function. Increased depression for former drivers was substantially higher in men than in women. CONCLUSIONS With increasing age, many older adults reduce and then stop driving. Increased depression may be among the consequences associated with driving reduction or cessation.
Exploitation of parallelism to nested loops with dependence cycles

In this paper, we analyze the recurrences from the breakability of the dependence links formed in general multi-state-ments in a nested loop. The major ﬁndings include: (1) A sink variable renaming technique, which can reposition an undesired anti-dependence and/or output-dependence link, is capable of breaking an anti-dependence and/or output-dependence link. (2) For recurrences connected by only true dependences, a dynamic dependence concept and the derived technique are powerful in terms of parallelism exploitation. (3) By the employment of global dependence testing, link-breaking strategy, Tarjan (cid:1) s depth-ﬁrst search algorithm, and a topological sorting, an algorithm for resolving a general multi-statement recurrence in a nested loop is proposed. Experiments with benchmark cited from Vector loops showed that among 134 subroutines tested, 3 had their parallelism exploitation amended by our proposed method. That is, our oﬀered algorithm increased the rate of parallelism exploitation of Vector loops by approximately 2.24%. (cid:1) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Functions in Opposite Ways in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus of Prostate Cancer Cells

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) plays multiple roles in a large number of cellular processes, and its subcellular localization is dynamically regulated during mouse development and cellular differentiation. However, little is known of the functional differences between PRMT5 in the cytoplasm and PRMT5 in the nucleus. Here, we demonstrated that PRMT5 predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of prostate cancer cells. Subcellular localization assays designed to span the entire open-reading frame of the PRMT5 protein revealed the presence of three nuclear exclusion signals (NESs) in the PRMT5 protein. PRMT5 and p44/MED50/WD45/WDR77 co-localize in the cytoplasm, and both are required for the growth of prostate cancer cells in an PRMT5 methyltransferase activity-dependent manner. In contrast, PRMT5 in the nucleus inhibited cell growth in a methyltransferase activity-independent manner. Consistent with these observations, PRMT5 localized in the nucleus in benign prostate epithelium, whereas it localized in the cytoplasm in prostate premalignant and cancer tissues. We further found that PRMT5 alone methylated both histone H4 and SmD3 proteins but PRMT5 complexed with p44 and pICln methylated SmD3 but not histone H4. These results imply a novel mechanism by which PRMT5 controls cell growth and contributes to prostate tumorigenesis.
A Novel VoIP Flooding Detection Method Basing on Call Duration

Through deeply analysis of INVITE flooding attack of SIP based VoIP system, a novel VoIP flooding detection scheme called CDVFD (Call Duration based VoIP Flooding Detection) is presented. The CDVFD method makes use of SIP signaling bidirectional interaction, and it can make fast detection using Chi-square value, and can distinguish from normal high VoIP traffic. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the method.
Towards a Robust OCR System for Indic Scripts

The current Optical Character Recognition OCR systems for Indic scripts are not robust enough for recognizing arbitrary collection of printed documents. Reasons for this limitation includes the lack of resources (e.g. not enough examples with natural variations, lack of documentation available about the possible font/style variations) and the architecture which necessitates hard segmentation of word images followed by an isolated symbol recognition. Variations among scripts, latent symbol to UNICODE conversion rules, non-standard fonts/styles and large degradations are some of the major reasons for the unavailability of robust solutions. In this paper, we propose a web based OCR system which (i) follows a unified architecture for seven Indian languages, (ii) is robust against popular degradations, (iii) follows a segmentation free approach, (iv) addresses the UNICODE re-ordering issues, and (v) can enable continuous learning with user inputs and feedbacks. Our system is designed to aid the continuous learning while being usable i.e., we capture the user inputs (say example images) for further improving the OCRs. We use the popular BLSTM based transcription scheme to achieve our target. This also enables incremental training and refinement in a seamless manner. We report superior accuracy rates in comparison with the available OCRs for the seven Indian languages.
The theory and practice of first-class prompts

An analysis of the λugr;-C-calculus and its problematic relationship to operational equivalence leads to a new control facility: the prompt-application. With the introduction of prompt-applications, the control calculus becomes a traditional calculus all of whose equations imply operational equivalence. In addition, prompt-applications enhance the expressiveness and efficiency of the language. We illustrate the latter claim with examples from such distinct areas as systems programming and tree processing.
The role of performance in the cognitive reality of the hierarchic structure

Studies in music performance provide evidence about the ability of the performer to communicate attributes of the musical piece to the listener, such as meter (Sloboda, 1983), phrasing (Repp, 1992; Todd, 1985), dynamics of rhythmic gestures (Gabrielsson, 1987), texture hierarchy (Palmer, 1996b, 1989), among others. Thus, musical structure turns apparent in the performance and, therefore, this is the most illustrative focus to represent music (Palmer, 1996a). Even though it might not exist a real performance of a musical piece, at least it does exist as a virtual one in the mind of both the analyst and the performer .
Are the Estimates of Catastrophic Health Expenditure Among Rural Population too High? A Comparison of Studies in Vietnam

Objective: To describe the proportion of the households that experienced catastrophic health expenditure and to compare the magnitude of catastrophic health expenditure that is estimated from three different data sets in Vietnam. Methods: The study we are comparing with is based on data from the Vietnam Living Standard Survey (VLSS) 1997/98. We have used data from the 2001 re-survey. The FilaBavi sample consists of 11,089 households. We have also conducted a special survey from July 2001 to June 2002. The sample is smaller, 629 households, but they have been followed for an entire year with monthly interviews. For VLSS and FilaBavi, re-census survey households were interviewed once with a recall period of one month. Findings: In the VLSS data and in the FilaBavi re-census survey it was found that 9%-10% of the households experienced catastrophic healthcare spending. But, only 5% (average per month) and 1% (for the whole year) of the households in the special survey report catastrophic spending. Conclusions: We suggest that the major reason for the difference in the estimates is the different data collection methods. When doing a cross sectional study with a relatively short recall period there is a risk that households will tend to overestimate non-recurrent large expenditures as that for health.
Knowledge-Oriented Answer Extraction in Chinese Question Answering System for E-Learning

The research work on question answering (QA) system is a very important field in e-learning. The factoid QA system has developed rapidly in recent years and it is basically a solved problem. However, how to answer questions beyond factoid is still a challengeable task. In this paper, we propose an approach for knowledge-oriented answer extraction beyond factoid. Furthermore, we focus on the answer classification step in the task of answer extraction. Experimental results show that our method is viable.
The Multidrug Resistance 1 Gene Abcb1 in Brain and Placenta: Comparative Analysis in Human and Guinea Pig

The Multidrug Resistance 1 (MDR1; alternatively ABCB1) gene product P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP binding cassette transporter, extrudes multiple endogenous and exogenous substrates from the cell, playing an important role in normal physiology and xenobiotic distribution and bioavailability. To date, the predominant animal models used to investigate the role of P-gp have been the mouse and rat, which have two distinct genes, Abcb1a and Abcb1b. In contrast, the human has a single gene, ABCB1, for which only a single isoform has been validated. We and others have previously shown important differences between Abcb1a and Abcb1b, limiting the extrapolation from rodent findings to the human. Since the guinea pig has a relatively long gestation, hemomonochorial placentation and neuroanatomically mature offspring, it is more similar to the human, and may provide a more comparable model for investigating the regulation of P-gp in the brain and placenta, however, to date, the Abcb1 gene in the guinea pig remains to be characterized. The placenta and fetal brain are barrier sites that express P-gp and that play a critical role of protection of the fetus and the fetal brain from maternally administered drugs and other xenobiotics. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative PCR (QPCR) to sequence the expressed isoforms of guinea pig Abcb1, we demonstrate that like the human, the guinea pig genome contains one gene for Abcb1 but that it is expressed as at least three different isoforms via alternative splicing and alternate exon usage. Further, we demonstrate that these isoforms are more closely related to human than to rat or mouse isoforms. This striking, overall similarity and evolutionary relatedness between guinea pig Abcb1 and human ABCB1 indicate that the guinea pig represents a relevant animal model for investigating the function and regulation of P-gp in the placenta and brain.
A 65nm CMOS 1.2V 12b 30MS/s ADC with capacitive reference scaling

A 1.2 V 12 b 30 MS/s pipelined ADC, implemented in a 65 nm standard CMOS technology, achieves an SNDR of 65.1 dB with a rail-to-rail 4.7 MHz input. A capacitive reference scaling technique is proposed to alleviate the high gain requirement of the opamp and a wide input range of 2.4 Vp-p differential for low voltage operation in the nanometer domain. The prototype ADC dissipates 18 mW and occupies an active die area of 0.34 mm2. The measured DNL and INL are plusmn 0.44 LSB and plusmn1.33 LSB, respectively.
Mixed Analog-Digital Circuit Modeling Using Event-Driven VHDL

The mixed-signal event-driven (MixED) method developed to simulate small portions of analog circuitry within a digital environment is demonstrated in a mixed signal application. The MixED models using concurrent iteration to account for analog nodes were coded and run in standard VHDL’93. Networks containing linear components such as sources, resistors, capacitors, inductors and operational amplifiers are presented. The possibility to manipulate resistors during runtime is used to simulate switches.
A Low-Cost Unmanned Underwater Vehicle Prototype for Shallow Water Tasks

Unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) have received worldwide attention and been widely used in various applications. In this paper, a developed low cost UUV prototype at the University of Canterbury is introduced, which is designed specifically for shallow water tasks, especially for inspecting and cleaning sea chests of ships for biosecurity purpose. The main hull of the UUV is made of PVC, with a 400 mm diameter and 800 mm length. External frames mount two horizontal propellers, four vertical thrusters, and power is derived from onboard batteries. The maximum thrust force of up to 10 kg that is provided by the propellers can generate a forward/backward speed of up to 1.4 m/s for the 112 kg UUV. The vertical thrusters provide depth control with a max thrust force of 20 kg. The UUV is equipped with a range of sensors capable of sensing its instantaneous temperature, depth, attitude and surrounding environment. Costing less than US$ 10,000 for a prototype, it provides an excellent platform for further underwater vehicle development targeting shallow water tasks with a working depth up to 20 m.
Strategic Social Network Analysis

How can individuals and communities protect their privacy against social network analysis tools? How do criminals or terrorists organizations evade detection by such tools? Under which conditions can these tools be made strategy proof? These fundamental questions have attracted little attention in the literature to date, as most social network analysis tools are built around the assumption that individuals or groups in a network do not act strategically to evade such tools. With this in mind, we outline in this paper a new paradigm for social network analysis, whereby the strategic behaviour of network actors is explicitly modeled. Addressing this research challenge has various implications. For instance, it may allow two individuals to keep their relationship secret or private. It may also allow members of an activist group to conceal their membership, or even conceal the existence of their group from authoritarian regimes. Furthermore, it may assist security agencies and counter terrorism units in understanding the strategies that covert organizations use to escape detection, and give rise to new strategy-proof countermeasures.
Hip strength: Ankle proprioceptive threshold ratio predicts falls and injury in diabetic neuropathy

Introduction: We determined lower limb neuromuscular capacities associated with falls and fall‐related injuries in older people with declining peripheral nerve function. Methods: Thirty‐two subjects (67.4 ± 13.4 years; 19 with type 2 diabetes), representing a spectrum of peripheral neurologic function, were evaluated with frontal plane proprioceptive thresholds at the ankle, frontal plane motor function at the ankle and hip, and prospective follow‐up for 1 year. Results: Falls and fall‐related injuries were reported by 20 (62.5%) and 14 (43.8%) subjects, respectively. The ratio of hip adductor rate of torque development to ankle proprioceptive threshold (HipSTR/AnkPRO) predicted falls (pseudo‐R2 = .726) and injury (pseudo‐R2 = .382). No other variable maintained significance in the presence of HipSTR/AnkPRO. Conclusions: Fall and injury risk in the population studied is related inversely to HipSTR/AnkPRO. Increasing rapidly available hip strength in patients with neuropathic ankle sensory impairment may decrease risk of falls and related injuries. Muscle Nerve 50: 437–442, 2014