Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unified Security Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Securing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) requires the integration of many security services due to the hostile environment, wide range of vulnerabilities and attacks, targeting this type of networks, most of the proposed security protocols for WSN focus on providing only some of those services and assume weak attacker model. The goal of this paper is to design a unified security protocol for WSN called USecWSN that integrate the necessary security mechanisms into a common architecture to achieve the required security services to defend against wide range of security attacks. USecWSN is an end to end security protocol that make use of an en-route filtering mechanisms for early detection of corrupted packets and intermediate nodes only required to compute single hash function to evaluate the packet authenticity and integrity. USecWSN uses a scalable and computation efficient replay protection mechanism which can be used to secure unicast and broadcast traffic. Moreover, USecWSN employ a load balanced cluster key distribution mechanism to reduce the overhead on the cluster head. In addition collaborative based intrusion detection system (IDS) for detecting attacks that cannot be detected by the cryptographic techniques.
Interstate Highway Travelers, Timeshares and Coastal Resorts--Are They Related?

Interstate highways provide access to virtu­ ally every region of the contiguous United States. While destination oriented travelers may or may not make stops in intermediate regions, those travelers do form images of non-destination regions and may be enticed to make leisure-based stops in regions they deem to be "attractive. " Hence, under­ standing the behavior of interstate travelers is of great importance to tourismand lei­ sure-based endeavors located in traditional "drive-through" interstate highway corri­ dors. This paper presents the findings of a study based on coastal Georgia Interstate 95 travelers that utilized side-trip behavior and non-destination attractiveness variables as components of a predictive model that was designed to increase the efficiency of time­ share and coastal resort marketing practices.
Operational risk quantification for loss frequency using fuzzy simulation

The estimation of the frequency parameter of operational risk quantification has received increased attention under the new Basel proposal. This paper proposes an advanced measurement approach using fuzzy point estimation. In this approach, prior membership function could be obtained through fuzzy maximum entropy rule. When operational risk loss data is given, posterior membership function can be easily calculated by using fuzzy point theorem. After posterior mean is exploited as fuzzy point estimate, loss frequency distribution is gotten. Finally, an empirical analysis on this model is conducted based historical data obtained from a Chinese commercial bank. The result shows that economical can reduce the complexity and communication cost.
Recent Bio-utilization of Jatropha Curcas Seed

1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand Abstract. Jatropha curcas plant is widely cultivated in many areas in Thailand as it has seeds with high quality of oil. Its seed oil has been extracted and used as an alternative fuel to solve an energy shortage in the country. After oil extraction, the seed cake is a low-cost and under-utilized by-product with a high amount of protein. Unfortunately, protein-rich seed cake cannot be applied to human food or animal feed since it has toxic compounds, phorbol esters, and anti-nutritional factors such as phytate, trypsin inhibitor, lectin and saponin. Therefore, the detoxification of these toxins is necessary for the seed cake utilization. Recently, researches on the utilization of the under-utilized seed cake are under progress. This paper aims to review the recent research works on the utilization of the seed cake including removal of toxins in the seed cake by microbial fermentation and production of bioactive compounds expressing anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive and plant growth promoting activities.
Gold nanoparticles do not induce adverse effects on terrestrial isopods Porcellio scaber after 14-day exposure

Despite the anticipated environmental release of anthropogenic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), there is currently not enough data on their potential impact on terrestrial environment. In the current study, we investigated the effects of considerably low concentrations of AuNPs on terrestrial isopods (Porcellio scaber) after 14 days of exposure. The effects on mortality, weight change, feeding rate, avoidance/preference feeding behavior, and cell membrane destabilization of digestive gland cells were followed. In parallel, the accumulation of Au in the digestive glands was measured. Our results show that none of the tested parameters was affected in isopods under given exposure doses (10 and 60 µg Au/g dry leaf) and exposure duration. No Au was assimilated in the digestive glands. Also, the same doses of the reference chemical, AuCl3, showed no effect. We conclude that these concentrations of AuNPs are safe for terrestrial isopods. We encourage reporting the results showing no adverse effects of nanoparticles to balance the prevailing publication of their adverse effects. This will help to build a realistic public perception of the environmental risk of nanomaterials.
Optimal Route Decision with Weather Risk Hedging using a Geometric Model

Adverse weather is the dominant cause of delays in the national airspace system (NAS). Since the future weather condition is only predictable with certain accuracy, managing traffic in the weather affected airspace is a challenging task. The current Air Traffic Management (ATM) utilizes a combination of strategic planning based on deterministic model and reactive tactical control, often resulting in inefficient system utilization. To address such limitation, there has been growing interest in air transportation community to develop a routing decision model based on probabilistic weather. In the probabilistic air traffic management (PATM), decisions are made based on the stochastic weather information in the expected total cost sense. In this paper, we propose a geometric model to generate optimal route choice to hedge against weather risk. The geometric recourse model (GRM) is a strategic PATM model that incorporates route hedging and en-route recourse to respond to weather change. Hedged routes are routes other than nominal or detour path, and aircraft is re-routed to fly direct to the destination, or recourse, when the weather restricted airspace become flyable. Aircraft takes either the first recourse or the second recourse. The first recourse occurs when weather clears before aircraft reaches it flying on the initial route. The second recourse occurs when weather when aircraft is in at the weather region. There are two variations of GRM: Single Recourse Model (SRM) with first recourse only and Dual Recourse Model (DRM) with both first and second recourse. When the weather clearance time follows a uniform distribution, SRM becomes convex with optimal solution is either at the upper bound or interior. Convexity gives optimality conditions in a close form and analytic form of interior solution is approximated with marginal error. We prove that DRM has an important property such that when the maximum storm duration time is less than the flight time to the tip of the storm on detour path, it is always optimal to take nominal route. Numerical study shows a substantial cost saving from using geometric recourse model, especially with DRM. It also indicates the need to consider ground holding in combination of route hedging. This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract) Keywords-ATM; PATM; stochastic optimization; geometric model; risk hedging
MILITARY DICTATORSHIP AND DISCIPLINARY PRACTICES IN THE CONTROL OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE : PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE FIGUEIREDO REPORT

The purpose of this research was to analyze disciplinary records relating to indigenous peoples as described in the Figueiredo Report, considering the ethnic and social control exercised during the military dictatorship years in Brazil. In this sense, it follows from the context in which the Commission National Truth, through the work of the indigenous stem, has identified a set of documents, reported missing since the sixties: The Figueiredo report, which deals with the investigation of a Commission of Inquiry on allegations of crimes committed by the very Indigenous Protection Service against indigenous population. The theoretical option methodology is based on the genealogy of Foucault, as well as his principles on disciplinary practices. Identifying disciplinary practices used with indigenous people in the period of dictatorship will therefore be important to understand how native Brazilian’s bodies have been assaulted as a result of social control strategies.
Speech-Language Pathology Students ’ SLP Clinical Self-Efficacy Rubini Pasupathy

ABSTRACT: Purpose: Speech-language pathology (SLP) clinical self-efficacy is an individual’s confidence in his or her ability to perform clinical tasks successfully. The primary aim of this study was to investigate SLP clinical self-efficacy beliefs among graduate SLP students. Method: This study investigated the relationship between graduate students’ SLP clinical self-efficacy beliefs and their clinical performance. Additionally, the relationship between SLP clinical self-efficacy beliefs and clinical experience was investigated. Graduate SLP students completed the SLP Clinical Self-Efficacy Inventory (SLP-CSEI). Results: There was a strong positive relationship between graduate students’ SLP clinical self-efficacy T An Investigation of Graduate Speech-Language Pathology Students’ SLP Clinical Self-Efficacy
Improvement of shoot-tip culture proliferation in banana using PEG6000

In order to improve the shoot proliferation rate of ‘Dwarf Cavendish’ banana shoot tip cultures, polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) was employed at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6% (w/v). The medium without PEG was considered as negative control. An increasing of shoot proliferation was achieved in MS medium containing 2% PEG. Furthermore, application of 2% PEG significantly increased the shoot dry weight (DW) as well as root/shoot DW ratio of the regenerated explants. The root/shoot DW ratio, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of leaves were decreased by the increase in PEG percentage. Application of PEG at high concentrations increased the leaf tissue chlorosis and necrosis. The proline and potassium contents of leaf tissue were increased in regenerated shoots from the media containing 2 and 4% PEG. Application of 2% and 4% PEG increased ex vitro plantlets survival rate up to 34% and 40%, respectively compared to the control. In conclusion, the mild osmotic stress caused by the application of PEG 2% improved the in vitro shoot proliferation rate accompanied by an increase in the ex vitro survival rate of regenerated plantlets. Seemingly, the promising results using PEG6000 at the resultant level (2%) are in the main part due to the stress simulation effects and later plantlets’ acclimatization through physio-biochemical mechanisms.
NLP Tools Integration Using a Multi-Layered Repository

Natural Language processing (NLP) systems are typically characterized by a pipeline architecture in which several independently developed NLP tools, connected as a chain of filters, apply successive transformations to the data that flows through the system. Hence when integrating such tools, one may face problems that lead to information losses, such as: (i) tools discard information from their input which will be required by other tools further along the pipeline; (ii) each tool has its own input/output format. Moreover, the tools formats do not establish relations between their Input/Output. These relations are useful for keeping the information of different levels aligned. Another problem is that each tool developer must normally concern himself with the definition of a data model to represent linguistic information and Input/Output facilities for the tool he’s developing. Usually, these models and facilities are very similar, so their redefinition for each tool represents a waste of time. This work proposes a solution that solves these problems. We offer a framework for NLP systems. Our framework uses a client-server architecture, in which the server acts as a repository where all tools add/consult data. Data is kept in the server under a data model that is independent of the client tools. This model is able to represent a broad range of linguistic information. The tools interact with the server through a generic API which allows the creation of new data and the navigation through all the existing data. Moreover, we provide libraries implemented in several programming languages that abstract the connection and communication protocol details between the tools and the server, and provide several levels of functionality that simplify server use.
Freeway – Arterial Interactions : Strategies and Impacts

Several efforts are underway for integrated corridor management (ICM) of highway facilities comprised of freeways and adjacent arterial streets. One of the main obstacles toward an efficient management of a travel corridor is the coordination of the various subsystems that it comprises. The divisions between these subsystems are drawn along jurisdictional boundaries which often have little to do with travel patterns. A guide published by FHWA describes the challenges for arterial–freeway coordination and suggests procedures to facilitate integration with emphasis on non-recurring (incident related) congestion [1]. The document focuses mainly on planning, institutional issues and data dissemination, and less on the development of control strategies. Existing research has focused on developing control algorithms for independent operation of freeways and arterials [2-3]. Other approaches focus on control strategies for freeway interchanges [4]. The objective of the study described in this paper is to develop and test a simple and readily implementable control strategy for an integrated operation of arterial signals and freeway ramp meters with emphasis on a) control strategies that prevent overflow on metered ramps that adversely affect arterial operations under recurrent congestion [5], and b) guidance on traffic diversion from freeway to arterials in the case of non recurrent (incident related) congestion [6]. 1. Recurrent Congestion The objective of freeway on-ramp metering is to regulate the entry of vehicles to prevent congestion on the freeway mainline [7,8]. Several ramp metering algorithms have been developed and implemented worldwide [9]. Most of the operational ramp metering systems employ a “queue override” feature that is intended to prevent the on-ramp queue from obstructing traffic conditions along the adjacent surface streets. The override is triggered whenever a sensor placed at the entrance of the on-ramp detects a waiting queue of the on-ramp vehicles, and increases the metering rate to its maximum value, to empty the queue into the freeway. However queue override reverses the objective of on-ramp metering, which protects the freeway discharge rate and avoid congestion at merge bottlenecks. Recent empirical evidence [10] suggests that the freeway bottleneck discharge rate drops by approximately 10 percent when queue override is activated. 1 Corresponding author. Tel. : +1-510-642-9166 E-mail address: skabardonis@ce.berkeley. edu
Challenging cases during clinical clerkships beyond the domain of the “medical expert”: an analysis of students' case vignettes

Background: During clinical clerkships students experience complex and challenging clinical situations related to problems beyond the domain of the “Medical Expert”. Workplace routine may leave little opportunity to reflect on these situations. The University of Zurich introduced a mandatory course directly after the clinical clerkship year (CCY) to work up these situations. Prior to the course each student submitted a vignette on a case he or she had perceived challenging during the CCY and which was not related to the domain of the “Medical Expert” role. In this paper we want to characterize these cases in respect to most prominent themes and related CanMEDS roles. The goal was to inform clinical supervisors about potential teaching demands during the CCY. Methods: All case vignettes submitted by a years’ cohort were analysed by three researchers in two ways: for the clinical characteristics and the main theme of the underlying problem and the most prominent CanMEDS roles involved. Themes of the underlying problem were aggregated to overarching topics and subsequently to main categories by pragmatic thematic analysis. Results: 254 case vignettes covered the whole spectrum of clinical disciplines. A wide range of underlying themes could be assigned to five main categories: “communication within team” (23.2%), “communication with patients and relatives” (24.8%), “patient behavior and attitudes” (18.5%), “clinical decision making” (24.0%), and “social and legal issues” (9.4%). Most frequent CanMEDS roles were “Communicator” (26.9%) and “Professional” (23.5%). Conclusions: Cases students perceived as challenging beyond the “Medical Expert” were reported from all clinical disciplines. These were mainly related to communicational and professional issues, mirrored by the CanMEDS roles “Communicator” and “Professional”. Therefore, supervisors in clinical clerkships should put an additional teaching focus on communication and professionalism.
Detecting Wheel Spinning and Productive Persistence in Educational Games

Games in service of learning are uniquely positioned to offer immersive, interactive educational experiences. Well-designed games build challenge through a series of well-ordered problems or activities, in which perseverance is key for working through in-game failure and increasing game difficulty. Indeed, persistence through challenges during learning is beneficial not just in games but in other contexts as well, with grit and perseverance positively associated with academic performance and learning outcomes. However, recent studies suggest that not all persistence is positive, suggesting that many students end up “wheel-spinning”, spending considerable time on a topic without achieving mastery. Thus, it is vital to differentiate productive and unproductive persistence in order to understand emergent student progress, particularly in the context of learning games and personalized learning systems, in which individual pathways differ greatly based on student needs. Leveraging Educational Data Mining methods, this study builds a detector of wheel-spinning behavior (differentiated from productive persistence) in an adaptive, game-based learning system. With the ability to predict unproductive persistence early, this detection model can be used to intelligently adapt to students needing further support in-system, as well as informing in-person intervention in a classroom setting—thus supporting a personalized, engaging learning experience in both formal and informal learning environments.
Metabolic imaging Functional imaging of brown adipose tissue

Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been found to be functionally highly active, especially when exposed to cold. Although combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) is an expensive method, it has provided new and important data on the role of BAT in human physiology and metabolism. Currently, PET seems to be the only option for the study of BAT function and its interaction with other tissues at the whole-body level. Further studies are needed to evaluate the importance of BAT in human physiology, and to evaluate the possible manipulation of BAT activation. Heart Metab. 2010;48:15–17.
WNGEVITY AND AGE VALIDATION OF A TAG · RECAPTURED ATLANTIC SAILFISH , ISTIOPHORUS PLATYPTERUS , USING DORSAL SPINES AND OTOLITHS

A tagged female Atlantic sailfish, Isti<:rp/wn.ul platypterus, of 24.6 kg (54 lb) was recaptured on 14 January 1984, after being at large for 10 yr and 10 mo (4.025 d). Approximate age based on tagging records ranged from at least 13 to 15 + yr. Maximum estimated longevity of this species was therefore revised upwards from previously reported ';P7 yr to at least 13-15+ yr. Estimates of age based on sections of dorsal spine nwnbers 3-6 ranged from 2 to 8 yr and substantially underestimated the range in age known from tagging records (13-15 + yr). This discrepancy was due to enlargement of the porous, vascularized core of spine sections which obscured zonations associated with early growth history. Thus, dorsal spines do not appear to be useful in ageing older sailfish (i.e., ';P5 yr). Age estimates from sagittae (otoliths) were 13 yr based on scanning electron microscope counts of external ridges and analysis of internal otolith microstructure. Otolith age, therefol'(', agreed with age known from tagging records. The relatively large size of the sagitta (7.84 mgl also provides additional evidence that the otolith could be from a very old sailfish. These data strongly suggest that in older, larger sailfish (';P5 yr, 22.7 kg), sagittae, rather than dorsal spines, should be used as the source of age and growth information.
Microneedles for intradermal and transdermal delivery

The formidable barrier properties of the uppermost layer of the skin, the stratum corneum impose significant limitations for successful systemic delivery of a broad range of therapeutic molecules, particularly macromolecules and genetic material. Microneedle delivery has been proposed as a strategy to breach the SC barrier function in order to facilitate effective transport of molecules across the skin. This strategy involves the use of micron sized needles fabricated from different materials and using different geometries to create transient aqueous conduits across the skin. Microneedles in isolation, or in combination with other enhancing strategies, have been shown to dramatically enhance the skin permeability of numerous therapeutic molecules including biopharmaceuticals either in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo. Progress in the areas of microneedle design, development and manufacture have proven promising in terms of the potential use of this emerging delivery method in clinical applications such as insulin delivery, transcutaneous immunisations and cutaneous gene delivery. This review article focuses on recent and potential future developments in microneedle technologies. This will include the detailing of progress made in microneedle design, an exploration of the challenges faced in this field and potential forward strategies to embrace the exploitation of microneedle methodologies, while considering the inherent safety aspects of such therapeutic tools.