Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Secure Data Deduplication Schemes for Cloud Storage Systems

Data deduplication has attracted many cloud service providers (CSPs) as a way to reduce storage costs. Even though the general deduplication approach has been increasingly accepted, it comes with many security and privacy problems due to the outsourced data delivery models of cloud storage. To deal with specific security and privacy issues, secure deduplication techniques have been proposed for cloud data, leading to a diverse range of solutions and trade-offs. Hence, in this article, we discuss ongoing research on secure deduplication for cloud data in consideration of the attack scenarios exploited most widely in cloud storage. On the basis of classification of deduplication system, we explore security risks and attack scenarios from both inside and outside adversaries. We then describe state-of-the-art secure deduplication techniques for each approach that deal with different security issues under specific or combined threat models, which include both cryptographic and protocol solutions. We discuss and compare each scheme in terms of security and efficiency specific to different security goals. Finally, we identify and discuss unresolved issues and further research challenges for secure deduplication in cloud storage.
The Left-handed Dou Ble He Li Cal Nu Cleic Ac Ids

The con ver sion of right-handed dsDNA and dsRNA to the left-handed Z-con formation in volves a re or ga ni za tion of the nu cleo tides rel a tive to each other. This con ver sion can be fa cil i tated by the tight bind ing of a Z-conformation-specific pro tein do main from the ed it ing en zyme dsRNA adenosine deaminase. This may in flu ence the mod i fi ca tion of both pre-mRNAs as well as some rep li cat ing RNA vi ruses.
Predictors of Gang Involvement: A Longitudinal Analysis of Data From the Mobile Youth Survey

Using linear growth modeling and data from the Mobile Youth Survey—a 14-year multiple cohort study of adolescents living in low-income neighborhoods in Mobile, Alabama—we investigate the roles of peer influence, family cohesion, and self-worth on gang involvement. The study finds that peer influence, family cohesion, and self-worth have an effect on initial gang involvement, but only family cohesion and gender have any influence on gang involvement across time. Males are more likely to be gang involved than females. Greater family cohesion reduced gang activity across time. This research suggests that family-based interventions and efforts to promote positive peer relationships might decrease the likelihood of gang involvement.
SOD2 genetic variant associated with treatment-related ototoxicity in cisplatin-treated pediatric medulloblastoma

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), encoded by the SOD2 gene, is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxide is likely a source of oxidative stress in the cochlea following treatment with platinum agents and radiation. Therefore, we examined SOD2 variants in association with ototoxicity among cisplatin‐treated childhood medulloblastoma patients. Blood samples were obtained from 71 eligible patients treated for pediatric medulloblastoma at Texas Children's Cancer Center (1987–2010). Ototoxicity was defined as requiring the use of a hearing aid sometime after the initiation of therapy. DNA was genotyped on the Illumina HumanOmni‐1 Quad BeadChip. A linkage disequilibrium (LD)‐based single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) selection strategy was used to identify a minimal set of informative variants. Associations between SNPs and ototoxicity were assessed using logistic regression. Of the 71 eligible patients, 26 (37%) suffered from cisplatin‐related ototoxicity. Study participants were primarily male (73%) and non‐Hispanic white (42%). Five SOD2 variants (rs7855, rs5746151, rs5746136, rs2758331, and rs4880) identified by the LD‐based selection strategy were genotyped. After correcting for multiple comparisons, the C‐allele of the rs4880 variant was significantly associated with ototoxicity (odds ratio = 3.06, 95% confidence interval: 1.30–7.20) in adjusted models. The rs4880 T > C substitution results in a Val > Ala amino acid change at position 16 of the MnSOD mitochondrial targeting sequence. The Ala variant, which has been associated with increased MnSOD activity, was associated with hearing damage in this study. Platinum‐based therapies increase the expression of MnSOD, which may result in an abundance of hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species. Therefore, oxidative stress may be an important mechanism in therapy‐related cochlear damage.
The Role of Family Support and Perceived Stress Reactivity in Predicting Depression in College Freshman

Depression is a common mental illness affecting more than 19 million Americans each year. Critically, depression may be especially damaging when it occurs during college as it may influence early adulthood development. Family support and stress have been associated with maintenance and development of depression, yet no prior studies have looked at the interplay of these variables in the college environment. The objective of the present study is to analyze the protective effect of family support on the relationship between perceived stress reactivity and depression in college students. One hundred and eighty-one freshman undergraduate participants completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms, family emotional and instrumental support, and perceived stress reactivity. Moderated regression analyses revealed that when perceived stress reactivity is low, family emotional support significantly protects against depressive symptoms. When an individual displays high levels of perceived stress reactivity .
Stability and course of personality disorders

The literature pertaining to the stability and course of personality disorders is reviewed, with a focus on reports published during the period 1997-1998. Available data suggest that personality disorders demonstrate only moderate stability and that, although personality disorders are generally associated with negative outcomes, they can improve over time and can benefit from specific treatments. Implications for future research are suggested and methodologic issues that must be considered are noted.
Repeated Exposure to Media Violence Is Associated with Diminished Response in an Inhibitory Frontolimbic Network

Background Media depictions of violence, although often claimed to induce viewer aggression, have not been shown to affect the cortical networks that regulate behavior. Methodology/Principal Findings Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we found that repeated exposure to violent media, but not to other equally arousing media, led to both diminished response in right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (right ltOFC) and a decrease in right ltOFC-amygdala interaction. Reduced function in this network has been previously associated with decreased control over a variety of behaviors, including reactive aggression. Indeed, we found reduced right ltOFC responses to be characteristic of those subjects that reported greater tendencies toward reactive aggression. Furthermore, the violence-induced reduction in right ltOFC response coincided with increased throughput to behavior planning regions. Conclusions These novel findings establish that even short-term exposure to violent media can result in diminished responsiveness of a network associated with behaviors such as reactive aggression.
“All quiet on the non-Western front?” A review of public service motivation scholarship in non-Western contexts

While public service motivation (PSM) research has recently become more internationalised, over 80% of all scholarship is still being conducted in Europe and the United States. In this article, the focus is on recent PSM scholarship in non-Western contexts, involving 36 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2014. Of particular interest are the origins of scholarship, the theories, samples and methodologies used, and the empirical findings on the relation between PSM and key antecedents and outcomes. The findings show that the use of theoretical and methodological approaches with a Western signature is sometimes problematic in explaining motivational and organisational dynamics in non-Western contexts. In response, the discussion concludes by proposing a research agenda for non-Western PSM research with three key interest areas: cultural values and societal disposition, different types of motivators and their relation with PSM, and links between public service ethos, institutions, and PSM.
Modeling the shearing and rehybridization process of DNA

The physiological complexity of biological systems makes it very difficult to formulate hypotheses to explain their behavior and to test such hypotheses. Simulation models are precise statements of hypo theses ; hence comparing the behavior of a model with that of the corresponding real-world system is a way of testing the adequacy of the hypothesis represent ed by the model. In this paper we use a simulation model to assess a hypothesis about the hydrodynamic shearing of DNA. A second model uses the output of the first one as an input. This latter model is being used to study the rehybridization process, which involves several unknown stochastic distributions.
Digital Printing of the Thin Film Sensor with Sharp Edge Based on Electrodynamics 3DP

We present a digital voltage printing regime for high-speed and high-precision Micro-jet printing. The voltage pulse peak induces a very fast Micro-jetting mode from the nozzle for a short duration, while a low voltage is picked to ensure the sharp edge, and the high voltage is picked to ensure the printing speed. The conducting films were assembled on electrode arrays of substrate and characterized with respect to their layer thickness and thermal properties. Through an optimal choice of the digital frequency dynamically, a jet-printing regime with a specified droplet size and droplet spacing can be created in different steps. High spatial resolution can also be achieved by properly coordinating the pulsing with large and small current. The edge burr problem was solved by using the dynamic control of the droplets sizes and jetting rapid through the pulse signal. The sensor was printed using heterogeneous material model. Sensor recovery time, respon- se linearity and sensitivity were all significantly improved using the digital pulse regime fabrication.
Family History of Diabetes Links Impaired Substrate Switching and Reduced Mitochondrial Content in Skeletal Muscle

Insulin resistance is associated with metabolic inflexibility, impaired switching of substrate oxidation from fatty acids to glucose in response to insulin. Impaired switching to fat oxidation in response to a high-fat diet (HFD) is hypothesized to contribute to insulin resistance. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that defects in substrate switching in response to insulin and a HFD are linked to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and occur before the development of diabetes. Metabolic flexibility was measured in young sedentary men with (n = 16) or without (n = 34) a family history of diabetes by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Flexibility correlated with fat oxidation measured in a respiratory chamber after a 3-day HFD. Muscle mitochondrial content was higher in flexible subjects with high fat oxidation after a HFD and contributed 49% of the variance. Subjects with a family history of diabetes were inflexible and had reduced HFD-induced fat oxidation and muscle mitochondrial content but did not differ in the amount of body or visceral fat. Metabolic inflexibility, lower adaptation to a HFD, and reduced muscle mitochondrial mass cluster together in subjects with a family history of diabetes, supporting the role of an intrinsic metabolic defect of skeletal muscle in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.
Peptidoglycan from Staphylococcus aureus induces T(H)2 immune response in mice.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis patients have an increased number of type 2 helper (T(H)2) cells in their peripheral blood and superficial Staphylococcus aureus colonization. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of peptidoglycan (PEG) from S aureus on the induction of the TH2 immune response in mice. METHODS Mice were primed with PEG- and ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed Langerhans cells (LCs) and given a booster OVA injection 2 days later via the hind footpad. Five days later, the cytokine response in the draining popliteal lymph nodes was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-12 production from cultured LCs was detected by ELISA and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Administration of PEG- and OVA-pulsed LCs into the hind footpads of the mice induced a T(H)2-prone immune response as represented by the enhanced interleukin (IL) 4 expression in the lymph nodes. We further showed that higher levels of IL-12 p40 production by PEG-stimulated LCs relative to IL-12 p70 (p35/p40) production were associated with the induction of the T(H)2 immune response.The LC-derived IL-12 p40 protein induced by PEG stimulation was detected mainly as monomeric and homodimeric IL-12 p40 subunits; other heterodimers including the L-12 p40 subunit, such as IL-23, were undetected. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PEG may have the ability to induce the development of T(H)2 cells through insufficient production of IL-12 p70 and excessive production by LCs of homodimeric IL-12 p40, a known antagonist of bioactive IL-12 p70, offering a possible explanation for the role of S aureus colonization in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Mechanisms of tolerance induction in major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted T cells specific for a blood-borne self-antigen

Transgenic mice expressing a major histocompatibility complex class II- restricted T cell receptor with specificity for a natural self-antigen, the fifth component of complement, were generated to analyze the mechanism of tolerance induction to a blood-borne self-protein. In the absence of C5 protein thymocytes from T cell receptor transgenic mice develop into mature CD4 single positive cells which emigrate into the periphery and mount C5-specific T cell responses upon immunization with C5. In the presence of circulating C5 protein, CD4 single positive thymocytes do not develop. Negative selection occurs late in thymic ontogeny leaving the bulk of CD4+8+ thymocytes unaffected. This phenotype may be due to a delay in contact with self-antigen presentation which, under physiological conditions, is inefficient in the cortex of C5+ mice, and therefore does not affect most immature double positive thymocytes. In contrast, in vitro exposure to C5(-)- presenting dendritic cells or in vivo injection of C5 peptide results in deletion of double positive thymocytes. C5+ transgenic mice are tolerant in vivo, but contain T cells in spleen and lymph nodes that secrete interleukin 2 and interferon gamma in response to C5 activation in vitro. When crossed onto a Rag1-/- background to prevent endogenous T cell receptor rearrangements, these peripheral potentially autoreactive cells do not appear. This indicates that endogenous T cell receptor rearrangements possibly leading to the expression of two receptors might be a prerequisite for their survival and export into the periphery.
Efficient Discovery of Loop Nests in Execution Traces

Execution and communication traces are central to performance modeling and analysis. Since the traces can be very long, meaningful compression and extraction of representative behavior is important. Commonly used compression procedures identify repeating patterns in sections of the input string and replace each instance with a representative symbol. This can prevent the identification of long repeating sequences corresponding to outer loops in a trace. This paper introduces and analyzes a framework for identifying the maximal loop nest from a trace. The discovery of loop nests makes construction of compressed representative traces straightforward. The paper also introduces a greedy algorithm for fast ``near optimal'' loop nest discovery with well defined bounds. Results of compressing MPI communication traces of NAS parallel benchmarks show that both algorithms identified the basic loop structures correctly. The greedy algorithm was also very efficient with an average processing time of 16.5 seconds for an average trace length of 71695 MPI events.
Presence of Intraplaque Hemorrhage Stimulates Progression of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: A High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Background—Previous studies suggest that erythrocyte membranes from intraplaque hemorrhage into the necrotic core are a source of free cholesterol and may become a driving force in the progression of atherosclerosis. We have shown that MRI can accurately identify carotid intraplaque hemorrhage and precisely measure plaque volume. We tested the hypothesis that hemorrhage into carotid atheroma stimulates plaque progression. Methods and Results—Twenty-nine subjects (14 cases with intraplaque hemorrhage and 15 controls with comparably sized plaques without intraplaque hemorrhage at baseline) underwent serial carotid MRI examination with a multicontrast weighted protocol (T1, T2, proton density, and 3D time of flight) over a period of 18 months. The volumes of wall, lumen, lipid-rich necrotic core, calcification, and intraplaque hemorrhage were measured with a custom-designed image analysis tool. The percent change in wall volume (6.8% versus −0.15%; P=0.009) and lipid-rich necrotic core volume (28.4% versus −5.2%; P=0.001) was significantly higher in the hemorrhage group than in controls over the course of the study. Furthermore, those with intraplaque hemorrhage at baseline were much more likely to have new plaque hemorrhages at 18 months compared with controls (43% versus 0%; P=0.006). Conclusions—Hemorrhage into the carotid atherosclerotic plaque accelerated plaque progression in an 18-month period. Repeated bleeding into the plaque may produce a stimulus for the progression of atherosclerosis by increasing lipid core and plaque volume and creating new destabilizing factors.
Towards a Taxonomy of Task Allocation in Sensor Networks

A sensor network often consists of a large number of sensing devices of different types. These can vary from very simple sensors with limited capabilities such as motes, to very complex systems such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Upon deployment in the field, these different sensors form an ad hoc network using wireless links or cables to communicate with each other and with data processing centres. Given that sensing devices can be static or mobile, and that sensors may fail or be damaged, it is clear that the network configuration must be highly dynamic. An already deployed sensor network is usually required to support multiple sensing tasks of different types to be accomplished simultaneously. Sensing tasks might share the usage of a sensing resource, but more often they compete to exclusively control it. Consider for example the search-and-rescue scenario of Figure 1, where the sensor network has to support an identification task (of people in need of rescue), and at the same time a wide area surveillance task (to detect possible threats to the life of the injured people). If only one UAV is available to be allocated to a task, the question to answer is: “Where is it better to send that particular UAV? ”.
Class-BD audio amplifiers with common-mode free output

A new topology of the Class-BD amplifier is proposed. It is composed of the typical H-bridge output stage with four MOSFETs controlled by the optimal NBDD PWM signals and two additional switches separating the H-bridge from the power supply during the time intervals in which either high-side or low-side MOSFETs of the H-bridge are closed at the same time. The differential output of the presented amplifier has the same audio performance as that one using the optimal NBDD modulation, moreover, the power MOSFETs creating the new output H bridge are switching at the same frequency as its prototype. The proposed Class-BD amplifier keeps the CM output constant, thereby removing a major contributor to radiated emissions. Basic feasibility study of the proposed configuration has been performed and compared with the configuration of the Class-BD amplifier using CM Free PSCPWM modulation known in literature on the subject. Experimental models of the considered in the paper Class-BD audio amplifiers have been realized using digital audio MOSFETs IRF6775MTRPbF, single-output gate drivers with self-boost charge pump bias supply and with capacitor-based signal isolation for floating single-output gate drivers. Simulation results are presented.
Identification of a Distinct, Cryptic Heparosan Synthase from Pasteurella multocida Types A, D, and F

ABSTRACT The extracellular polysaccharide capsules of Pasteurella multocida types A, D, and F are composed of hyaluronan, N-acetylheparosan (heparosan or unsulfated, unepimerized heparin), and unsulfated chondroitin, respectively. Previously, a type D heparosan synthase, a glycosyltransferase that forms the repeating disaccharide heparosan backbone, was identified. Here, a ∼73% identical gene product that is encoded outside of the capsule biosynthesis locus was also shown to be a functional heparosan synthase. Unlike PmHS1, the PmHS2 enzyme was not stimulated greatly by the addition of an exogenous polymer acceptor and yielded smaller- molecular-weight-product size distributions. Virtually identical hssB genes are found in most type A, D, and F isolates. The occurrence of multiple polysaccharide synthases in a single strain invokes the potential for capsular variation.
Random Flow Generation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer for Large Eddy Simulation Inflow Conditions

To generate the suitable atmospheric boundary layer inlet for large eddy simulation, one of the most important techniques of computational wind engineering, the MDSRFG (modified discretizing and synthesizing random flow generation) was selected to numerically generate the inhomogeneous and anisotropic turbulence boundary layer in this paper. A weakly-compressible-flow method along with the large eddy simulation (LES) was utilized to reproduce the unsteady flow field. Parameters, such as mean wind speeds, turbulence intensities and turbulence integral scales from fully-developed turbulent boundary layer flow were provided by well-established wind tunnel tests. Furthermore, coherence between any two fluctuating wind speeds was taken into account for a more compact simulation of inflow. It was indicated that the method works well as atmospheric boundary layer generator by comparing the characteristics of mean wind speed profiles, turbulence intensity profiles and power spectra at the centerline of several positions along longitudinal direction from wind tunnel tests.