Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Virtual-Address-Mapping Mechanism for Low-Energy I-Cache

WPSA (Way-predicting set-associative) cache is a well-known approach to reduce the set-associative I-cache's energy consumption. However, an extra cycle is needed if a prediction miss occurs. This may actually degrade the performance. This paper proposes a new virtual-address-mapping mechanism to aim at only accessing one way in I-cache within one cycle by adding a virtual address matching table which is implemented parallel to the TLB's address translating. This approach reduces the energy consumption while maintaining the performance. Simulation-based evaluation shows that in contrast with the conventional set-associative I-cache, the approach we proposed can reduce about 63%~66% energy consumption and improve nearly 10% performance versus way-predicting access. Even though there are still energy costs, the method still saves a lot of energy.
Targeted transgene expression in muller glia of normal and diseased retinas using lentiviral vectors.

PURPOSE Müller glia play crucial roles in retinal homeostasis and function. Genetic modification of Müller cells by viral gene delivery would be valuable for studies of their normal physiology and roles in retinal disease states. However, stable and efficient transgene expression in Müller cells after delivery of gene transfer vectors has remained elusive. Transcriptional and transductional targeting approaches were used to engineer recombinant HIV-1-based lentiviral (LV) vectors capable of highly efficient and sustained Müller cell transgene expression in healthy and diseased rodent retinas. METHODS Expression cassettes containing glia-specific promoters (CD44, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and vimentin) and an enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) cDNA were cloned into LV backbones, which were packaged into infectious vector particles displaying either the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or Ross River virus (RRV) envelope surface glycoproteins. Vectors were injected by intravitreal and subretinal approaches in wild type Sprague-Dawley (SD) and retinal degenerate S334Ter(+/-) transgenic rats aged 1 to 180 days. In vivo fluorescent fundus imaging and immunofluorescent confocal microscopy were used for comparison of expression efficiency, cell type specificity, and temporal expression characteristics. RESULTS The choice of viral pseudotype, regulatory promoter, and surgical delivery site each had a measurable effect on the level of eGFP transgene expression in Müller cells. The highest expression levels in SD retinas were attained with subretinal injection of VSV-G pseudotyped LV vectors containing the CD44 promoter. With these vectors, persistent eGFP expression in Müller glia was observed for more than 6 months, covering 25% to 30% of the retinal surface area after a single subretinal injection. Immunohistochemistry (alpha-glutamine synthetase) revealed that approximately 95% of the Müller cells were transduced in the region near the injection site. Delivery of these viral vectors and subsequent Müller cell eGFP expression had no negative impact on visual function, as assessed by electroretinography (ERG). CONCLUSIONS Pseudotyped LV vectors containing glia-specific promoters efficiently transduce and direct sustained transgene expression in retinal Müller glia. Vectors of this type will be useful for experimental treatment of retinal disease, as well as for physiological and developmental investigations of the retina.
ATING S CALES FOR C OLLECTIVE I NTELLIGENCE IN I NNOVATION C OMMUNITIES : W HY Q UICK AND E ASY

The increasing popularity of open innovation approa ches has lead to the rise of various innovation platforms on the Internet which might co ntain 10.000s user-generated ideas. However, a company’s absorptive capacity is limited regardin g such an amount of ideas so that there is a strong need for mechanism to identify the best idea s. Extending previous decision management research we focus on analyzing effective idea ratin g and selection mechanisms in online innovation communities and underlying explanations. Using a multi-method approach our research comprises a web-based rating experiment wi th 313 participants evaluating 24 ideas from a real-world innovation community, data from a surv ey measuring rating satisfaction of participants, and idea ratings from an independent xpert jury. Our findings show that, despite its popular use in online innovation communities, simpl e rating mechanisms such as thumbs up/down rating or 5-star rating do not produce valid idea r nkings and are significantly outperformed by the multi-attribute scale.
On Being Indecisive: Functionalist Antecedents and Processes in the Psychology of Indecision and Indecisiveness

This thesis advances a psychological model of indecision and indecisiveness by way of a functionalist approach to decision-making. Understanding how and why people have difficulty making decisions requires looking beyond the content and outcomes of a decision problem. It requires identifying the multiple motivations, expectations and experiences of the decision-maker. The first part of the thesis is a metatheoretical and theoretical exposition to make room for the functionalist underpinnings of indecision and indecisiveness. This begins with recognising that decision-making is a psychological activity over time which involves the exercise of the decision-maker’s agency. After reviewing the limited literature on indecision and indecisiveness, a new model is proposed based on three functional motivations of a decision-maker: (i) attaining good decision outcomes, (ii) managing the demands of a good decisionmaking process, (iii) and being a good decision-maker. Successfully realising each of these motivations can be difficult, resulting in indecision. Indecision is compounded when multiple motivations collide within a decision event. The present model posits that each decisional motivation corresponds to a distinct indecision process, namely outcome indecision, process indecision and self-presentation indecision. These indecision processes are influenced by aversive and avoidant forms of indecisiveness, which draw attention to different aspects of a decision and the decision-maker. Three studies tested and refined this model. Study 1 provided factor-analytic evidence of aversive, avoidant and ruminative dimensions of indecisiveness using a composite trait measure. The characteristics and effects of each dimension were evident when correlated against other personality constructs and measures relating to a recalled recent experience of indecision. Study 2 used two contrasting decision-making tasks to elicit process indecision and account for some antecedents of outcome indecision. Behavioural, process-tracing, self-report and psychophysiological data indicated that such indecision could be expressed in both approach and avoidant ways depending on the interaction between indecisiveness, appraisals of the task and self-regulatory capacity. Study 3 was a novel behavioural decision-making task in which participants’ attention was drawn to different aspects of being a decision-maker. In addition to replicating key previous findings, the results showed evidence of self-presentation indecision when participants’ identity as an indecisive person was salient. Finally, the thesis considers the implications of the model for the conceptualisation and treatment of clinical indecision. A proposal for the transdiagnostic psychological treatment of indecision is set out based on the functionalist model.
Performance Comparison of Aggressive Push and Traditional Pull Strategies in Large Distributed Systems

Distributed systems benefit substantially from the ability to exchange jobs between temporarily heavily and lightly loaded nodes. Depending on whether the lightly or heavily loaded nodes initiate the job exchange, such strategies are termed pull or push strategies. In this paper we compare the performance of an aggressive push strategy with the more traditional pull strategies in large distributed systems using mean field models. We consider homogeneous systems, systems with fast and slow servers as well as master-worker setups. We show that even at high loads the aggressive push strategy can outperform traditional pull strategies in a homogeneous system (at the expense of increased network traffic), while the pull strategies are superior in a master-worker setup where the proportion of masters is low. We also indicate that the choice of the best strategy is rather insensitive to the variation in the job processing time and that the queue length distribution under the aggressive push strategy decays faster than geometric.
Research Topics on Evolution and Learning at Honda Research Institute Europe

The motivation of the research on evolution and learning at the Honda Research Institute Europe is to understand the essential mechanisms of natural evolution and learning for the design of complex and intelligent systems. Our research efforts have been made mainly in two areas. One is to study theoretic issues arisen in evolutionary design of complex systems. The other is to understand the evolution of the memory system in humans through looking at the interactions between evolution, learning and development.
In Praise of Strategic Indirection: An Essay on the Efficacy of Oblique Ways of Responding

A penchant for the direct, the dramatic and the spectacular remains an overwhelming feature of the West in its dealings in the world of practical affairs. In business, corporate success is frequently credited to the highly visible contributions of heroic individuals ostensibly possessing almost superhuman qualities, including the vision and acumen to dramatically reverse the fortunes of faltering or failing enterprises. Leaders are construed as specially endowed causal agents armed with the capacity to take decisive actions in bringing about significant changes, thereby warranting their elevated status and their sometimes excessive rewards. This popular and romantic imagery of heroism in action derives from an inherited Western propensity to favour direct-causal, rational-calculative and high-profile actions over more discreet, indirect and at times understated gestures or responses in engendering a desired outcome. Consequently, there is a tendency to underestimate the self-transformative power of dynamic relational configurations and their ability to bring about desired outcomes. In this paper we show the downsides of the widely preferred ‘spectacular’ approach to achieving success and argue for greater appreciation of a less conspicuous, and less direct mode of engagement that is more in keeping with a world that is itself ever changing. We call this more nuanced approach ‘Strategic Indirection’. We maintain that, contrary to popular belief, sustainable success in any field of endeavour is rarely a consequence of large-scale, attention-grabbing actions. Rather, the true cause of such success is often found elsewhere in the ‘waning candlelight’ of seemingly inconsequential acts and mundane coping actions.
Sophisticated and Naïve Procrastination: An Experimental Study

The model of time-inconsistent procrastination by O'Donoughe and Rabin shows that individuals who are not aware of their present-bias (naive) procrastinate more than individuals who are aware of it (sophisticated) or are not present-biased (time-consistent). This paper tests this prediction. We classify participants into types using a novel measure, and require them to perform a real-effort task on one out of three dates. We find that sophisticated participants perform the task significantly later than naive participants. Our data suggest that this result may be explained by habit formation.
RYB Color Compositing

This paper introduce an equation to convert from RGB to RYB and the inverse conversion equation as a model of RYB color space. Proposal RYB color model allows paint like compositing easily without complex configuration of parameters such as Kubelka-Munk model. Keywords— RYB; Color; Compositing; Mixing
A Systematic Study of OpenStreetMap Data Quality Assessment

The evolution of web has changed the way of interaction with the user. Web 2.0 encouraged more contribution from the user of varying level of mapping experience and is called Crowd Sourcing. Open Street Map is also the outcome of Crowd Sourcing. It is collecting huge data with help of general public, researchers have started analysing the data rather than collecting it. The aim of this study is to review the research work for assessment of Open Street Map Data. It is concluded that the most of research work on assessment of Open Street map data has been done for countries like Germany, UK & USA. But the authenticity and accuracy of reference data still unanswered. Another issue that is concluded by this review, in context to Indian subcontinent, is the requirement of through analysis of Open Street Map data.
A coordinate majorization descent algorithm for ℓ1 penalized learning

The glmnet package by Friedman et al. [Regularization paths for generalized linear models via coordinate descent, J. Statist. Softw. 33 (2010), pp. 1–22] is an extremely fast implementation of the standard coordinate descent algorithm for solving ℓ1 penalized learning problems. In this paper, we consider a family of coordinate majorization descent algorithms for solving the ℓ1 penalized learning problems by replacing each coordinate descent step with a coordinate-wise majorization descent operation. Numerical experiments show that this simple modification can lead to substantial improvement in speed when the predictors have moderate or high correlations.
Optimizing Power-Expense to Extend Network Lifetime in Power Constrained Networks

In this paper we propose an optimization-based framework to design distributed algorithms to achieve optimal performance in powerconstrained networks. Specifically, we consider the problem of maximizing network lifetime and connectivity when battery-power is a scarce resource. By formulating the problem in terms of adis-utility minimization problem, we demonstrate that an optimal battery-expense regime can be derived. The formulation consists of two parts where, one part handles the discovery of optimal parameters of operation and the other is an online battery-expense regulation algorithm. The parameter discovery part uses loss-rate as a feedback from one-hop neighbors to arrive at an optimal setting. The solution provided by our framework can be deployed in a completely distributed manner and is parsimonious in terms of parameters. We present examples and representative results to illustrate the capabilities of our proposal.
- Catenin Signaling Pathway β Wnt / Reducing E-Cadherin and Activating the Meningiomas Promotes Tumor Growth by Downregulated MicroRNA-200 a in

Published Ahead of Print 24 August 2009. 10.1128/MCB.00332-09. 2009, 29(21):5923. DOI: Mol. Cell. Biol. Krichevsky and Xandra O. Breakefield Stephens, Cornel Fraefel, James F. Gusella, Anna M. Anat O. Stemmer-Rachamimov, Ming Yi, Robert M. Tannous, Senol, Elvan Boke, Marianne F. James, Bakhos A. Okay Saydam, Yiping Shen, Thomas Würdinger, Ozlem -Catenin Signaling Pathway β Wnt/ Reducing E-Cadherin and Activating the Meningiomas Promotes Tumor Growth by Downregulated MicroRNA-200a in
Cluster Hypothesis in Low-Cost IR Evaluation with Different Document Representations

Offline evaluation for information retrieval aims to compare the performance of retrieval systems based on relevance judgments for a set of test queries. Since manual judgments are expensive, selective labeling has been developed to semi-automatically label documents, in the wake of the similarity relationship among retrieved documents. Intuitively, the agreement w.r. t the cluster hypothesis can directly determine the amount of manual judgments that can be saved by creating labels with a semi-automatic method. Meanwhile, in representing documents, certain information is lost. We argue that better document representation can lead to better agreement with the cluster hypothesis. To this end, we investigate different document representations on established benchmarks in the context of low-cost evaluation, showing that different document representations vary in how well they capture document similarity relative to a query.
Wolbachia Blocks Viral Genome Replication Early in Infection without a Transcriptional Response by the Endosymbiont or Host Small RNA Pathways

The intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia can protect insects against viral infection, and is being introduced into mosquito populations in the wild to block the transmission of arboviruses that infect humans and are a major public health concern. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this antiviral protection, we have developed a new model system combining Wolbachia-infected Drosophila melanogaster cell culture with the model mosquito-borne Semliki Forest virus (SFV; Togaviridae, Alphavirus). Wolbachia provides strong antiviral protection rapidly after infection, suggesting that an early stage post-infection is being blocked. Wolbachia does appear to have major effects on events distinct from entry, assembly or exit as it inhibits the replication of an SFV replicon transfected into the cells. Furthermore, it causes a far greater reduction in the expression of proteins from the 3´ open reading frame than the 5´ non-structural protein open reading frame, indicating that it is blocking the replication of viral RNA. Further to this separation of the replicase proteins and viral RNA in transreplication assays shows that uncoupling of viral RNA and replicase proteins does not overcome Wolbachia’s antiviral activity. This further suggests that replicative processes are disrupted, such as translation or replication, by Wolbachia infection. This may occur by Wolbachia mounting an active antiviral response, but the virus did not cause any transcriptional response by the bacterium, suggesting that this is not the case. Host microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in protection, but again we found that host cell miRNA expression was unaffected by the bacterium and neither do our findings suggest any involvement of the antiviral siRNA pathway. We conclude that Wolbachia may directly interfere with early events in virus replication such as translation of incoming viral RNA or RNA transcription, and this likely involves an intrinsic (as opposed to an induced) mechanism.
Neural representations of sentence processing : event-related components and oscillations

Event-related fields (ERFs) and rhythmic oscillations represent two measures that quantify the electrophysiological brain activity in response to a stimulus. Using MEG, we analyzed both measures in a sentence processing task to clarify the relationship between these measures. We presented participants with sentences and matched word sequences. Results indicated a partial spatial overlap on the sensor level between the two measures, with a wider area of activity present for oscillations. Within the common region, the effect for each measure was in a different time window. Relating the results to the literature reveals furthermore a functional distinction between the results observed in the two respective measures. The sustained left dominant eventrelated field peaking around 400 ms is most likely related to lexical processing whereas the rhythmic activity of 13-30 Hz (beta rhythm) captures some aspects of sentence unification. We conclude that the ERFs and the rhythmic activity provide a complementary view of brain function during sentence level language processing.
Indoor Scene Reconstruction Using Near-Light Photometric Stereo

We propose a novel framework for photometric stereo (PS) under low-light conditions using uncalibrated near-light illumination. It operates on free-form video sequences captured with a minimalistic and affordable setup. We address issues such as albedo variations, shadowing, perspective projections, and camera noise. Our method uses specular spheres detected with a perspective-correcting Hough transform to robustly triangulate light positions in the presence of outliers via a least-squares approach. Furthermore, we propose an iterative reweighting scheme in combination with an $\ell _{p}$ -norm minimizer to robustly solve the calibrated near-light PS problem. In contrast to other approaches, our framework reconstructs depth, albedo (relative to light source intensity), and normals simultaneously and is demonstrated on synthetic and real-world scenes.
Comparison of adolescents with and without diabetes on indices of psychosocial functioning for three years.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether diabetes is associated with psychosocial difficulties over the transition to adolescence. METHODS We compared adolescents with diabetes (n = 132) with a healthy comparison group (n = 131) on indices of psychosocial functioning for 3 years. We interviewed both groups annually and had one parent complete a questionnaire. RESULTS There were no group differences in depressive symptoms, anxiety, anger, or behavioral problems. However, adolescents with diabetes showed greater declines in social acceptance compared with healthy adolescents, and a greater rise in disturbed eating behavior. Over time, depressive symptoms and anxiety increased and self-worth decreased for females but not males; however, these differences were not qualified by group CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is not associated with indicators of psychological distress from early to middle adolescence, but may be associated with the emergence of social difficulties and eating disturbances. Gender differences in psychological distress emerged, replicating past research.
In Vitro Culture of Functionally Active Buffalo Hepatocytes Isolated by Using a Simplified Manual Perfusion Method

Background In farm animals, there is no suitable cell line available to understand liver-specific functions. This has limited our understanding of liver function and metabolism in farm animals. Culturing and maintenance of functionally active hepatocytes is difficult, since they survive no more than few days. Establishing primary culture of hepatocytes can help in studying cellular metabolism, drug toxicity, hepatocyte specific gene function and regulation. Here we provide a simple in vitro method for isolation and short-term culture of functionally active buffalo hepatocytes. Results Buffalo hepatocytes were isolated from caudate lobes by using manual enzymatic perfusion and mechanical disruption of liver tissue. Hepatocyte yield was (5.3±0.66)×107 cells per gram of liver tissue with a viability of 82.3±3.5%. Freshly isolated hepatocytes were spherical with well contrasted border. After 24 hours of seeding onto fibroblast feeder layer and different extracellular matrices like dry collagen, matrigel and sandwich collagen coated plates, hepatocytes formed confluent monolayer with frequent clusters. Cultured hepatocytes exhibited typical cuboidal and polygonal shape with restored cellular polarity. Cells expressed hepatocyte-specific marker genes or proteins like albumin, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, glucose-6-phosphatase, tyrosine aminotransferase, cytochromes, cytokeratin and α1-antitrypsin. Hepatocytes could be immunostained with anti-cytokeratins, anti-albumin and anti α1-antitrypsin antibodies. Abundant lipid droplets were detected in the cytosol of hepatocytes using oil red stain. In vitro cultured hepatocytes could be grown for five days and maintained for up to nine days on buffalo skin fibroblast feeder layer. Cultured hepatocytes were viable for functional studies. Conclusion We developed a convenient and cost effective technique for hepatocytes isolation for short-term culture that exhibited morphological and functional characteristics of active hepatocytes for studying gene expression, regulation, hepatic genomics and proteomics in farm animals.