Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A force directed partitioning algorithm for 3D floorplanning

Partitioning is very important to 3D IC physical design. Currently, hMetis (most famous partitioning software package) is widely used for partitioning. However, hMetis is for partitioning of hyper graphs. When the method is used for layer assignment of 3D floorplan/placement, some net might be too long. This paper develops a partitioning algorithm for 3D floorplan. The proposed combines a cost-based heuristic and force directed algorithm, which places the nodes considering attractive force and repulsive force, in order to solve the long net problem. We consider both the wire length and the number of TSVs in this work. The second part of the algorithm has two kinds according to the different emphasis. The experimental results demonstrated our algorithms can effectively reduce the wire length and the number of TSV. By comparing the experimental results of two focuses, we can get the differences and strengths of the two algorithms separately.
Spectral Phonon Transport Properties of Silicon Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Lattice Dynamics

Although the thermal conductivity of silicon has been studied before, current estimations for the phonon mean free paths have not provided full explanation of the strong size effects experimentally observed for various silicon micro and nanostructures. Since phonon relaxation time models are mostly semi-empirical, the mean free paths cannot be determined reliably and questions remain as to which polarizations, frequencies and wavelengths are dominant heat carriers. Here we have used a combination of equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations and lattice dynamics calculations to fully detail the spectral dependence of phonon transport properties in bulk silicon. By considering the frequency dependence of the specific heat, group velocities and mean free paths, we address these unresolved questions and examine the errors associated with isotropic and frequency averaged approximations. Simulation details, such as the convergence of results on the simulation time and extraction of phonon transport properties in different crystallographic directions, are also discussed.
Validity of a Subjective Financial Situation Measure to Assess Socioeconomic Status in US Young Adults

Purpose: Young adulthood is an important period for preventing the establishment of negative health behaviors that can influence trajectories to chronic disease and early death. Given the evolving nature of educational attainment and income variation during this developmental period, identifying indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) remains a challenge. This study examines measures of subjective and objective indicators of SES to predict health risk for young adults. Methods: This study uses data from the Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study from respondents aged 18 to 34 years who completed 3 consecutive surveys between June 2011 and August 2012 (n = 2182). Analyses were conducted to compare a measure of subjective financial situation (SFS) to commonly used SES measures for adults and adolescents. Age-stratified, multivariable logistic regression was used to model the relationship between 5 SES indicators (SFS, household income, respondent education, parental education, and subjective childhood financial situation) and dichotomized versions of 3 health status measures (body mass index, self-reported health status, and quality of life), controlling for gender, race/ethnicity, and region. Results: Findings indicate that SFS is associated with other commonly used SES measures. Prospective associations with health outcomes revealed that SFS is a stronger predictor of health outcomes among young adults aged 18 to 24 years as compared with other SES measures. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that subjective financial situation may be more robust than traditional SES indicators in predicting health outcomes among young adults, particularly for 18- to 24-year-olds, and should be considered a viable candidate measure for assessing SES among this age group.
Involvement of chromosomes 8, 9, 19 and 22 in PH1 positive and PH1 negative chronic myelocytic leukemia in the chronic or blastic stage.

Chromosome 9 had additional chromosomal material at the end of the long arm in 15 of 16 patients with Ph1 positive CML. The remaining patient had a normal chromosome 9but additional material on 19. The amount of additional material was approximately the same as that lacking on chromosome 22. Translocations between 9 and 22, and 19 and 22, respectively, are therefore suggested. One patient with Ph1 negative CML had no detectable additional chromosomal material on any chromosome including chromosome 9, which gives further support to the view that there is indeed a translocation in Ph1 positive patients. Extra chromosomes appeared in two of three Ph1 positive patients in the blastic stage. Both patients had extra number 8 chromosomes and double Ph1, and one patient had further extra chromosomes, i.e. 7, 11, 12, 16, 17 and 19.
An approach for shadow enhancement about tall and narrow targets in SAR images

The boundary of the shadow region is blurred in SAR images for the moving of the radar during the collection of data. This phenomenon gets particularly obvious for tall and narrow targets in High Resolution (HR) SAR images. In this work, based on the Height-Variant Phase Compensation Algorithm (HVPC) according to the property of the target like poles, an approach for shadow enhancement about tall and narrow targets in SAR images is presented. This approach uses a group of a compensation filters in azimuth direction to focus the edge of the shadow. In addition, the experiments for Terra-SAR and Mini-SAR data are implemented and the results prove the validity of the approach.
A Method for Generating Models of Black-Box Components

The model-based approaches are difficult to be applied in practice due to the lack of formal models describing behaviors of systems. This paper proposes a method for generating accurate models of components in order to solve this issue in the context of the component-based systems. The key idea of this method is to generate minimal deterministic finite automata as the accurate models of the corresponding components. For this purpose, the proposed method first computes a set of traces as a regular language of a given component by executing all possible experiments over the alphabet of the component. This method then constructs a regular expression to represent this set. After that, a minimal deterministic finite automaton as an accurate model of the component is generated by applying the Thompson algorithm and some optimized activities. The generated models are useful for the existing model-based approaches, e.g., model checking and model-based testing in improving quality of component-based software. An implemented tool supporting the method and experimental results are also presented.
A radiobiological investigation on dose and dose rate for permanent implant brachytherapy of breast using I125 or P103d sources.

PURPOSE The present report addresses the question of what could be the appropriate dose and dose rate for I125 and P103d permanent seed implants for breast cancer as monotherapy for early stage breast cancer. This is addressed by employing a radiobiological methodology, which is based on the linear quadratic model, to identify a biologically effective dose (BED) to the prescription point of the brachytherapy implant, which would produce equivalent cell killing (or same cell survival) when compared to a specified external radiotherapy scheme. METHODS In the present analysis, the tumor and normal tissue BED ratios of brachytherapy and external radiotherapy are examined for different combinations of tumor proliferation constant (K), α/β ratios, initial dose rate (R0), and reference external radiotherapy scheme (50 or 60 Gy in 2 Gy per fraction). The results of the radiobiological analysis are compared against other reports and clinical protocols in order to examine possible opportunities of improvement. RESULTS The analysis indicates that physical doses of approximately 100-110 Gy delivered with an initial dose rate of around 0.05Gyh-1 and 78-80 Gy delivered at 0.135Gyh-1 for I125 and P103d permanent implants, respectively, are equivalent to 50 Gy external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in 2 Gy per fraction. Similarly, for physical doses of approximately 115-127 Gy delivered with an initial dose rate of around 0.059Gyh-1 and 92 Gy delivered at 0.157Gyh-1 for I125 and P103d, respectively, are equivalent to 60 Gy EBRT in 2 Gy per fraction. It is shown that the initial dose rate required to produce isoeffective tumor response with 50 or 60 Gy EBRT in 2 Gy per fraction increases as the repopulation factor K increases, even though repopulation is also considered in EBRT. Also, the initial dose rate increases as the value of the α/β ratio decreases. The impact of the different α/β ratios on the ratio of the tumor BEDs is significantly large for both the I125 and P103d implants with the deviation between the α/β=10.0Gy ratios and those using the 4.0 and 3.5 Gy values ranging between 18% and 22% in most of the cases. CONCLUSIONS For the cases of I125 and P103d, the equivalent physical doses to 50 Gy EBRT in 2 Gy per fraction are associated with an overdosage of the involved normal tissue in the range of 4%-16% and an underdosage by 10%-15% for a BED for normal tissue, using an α/β value of 3.0 Gy (BEDNT,3Gy) of 100 Gy. These values are lower by 10%-20% than the published value of 124 Gy for I125 and by about 13% when compared to the published isoeffective dose of 90 Gy for P103d. Similarly, the equivalent physical doses to 60 Gy EBRT in 2 Gy per fraction are associated with an overdosage of the involved normal tissue by 10%-20% and an underdosage by 4%-10% for BEDNT,3Gy of 110 Gy.
World Health Organization classification of tumors

World Health Organization Collaborating Centerfor International Histological Classiﬁcation of Tu-mors, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Wash-ington, DC.Address for reprints: Leslie H. Sobin, M.D., ArmedForces Institute of Pathology, Alaska Avenue and14th Street, Building 54, Room 3009, Washington,DC 20306-6000.Received March 23, 2000; accepted March 23,2000.
Soluble interleukin 6 receptor: A novel marker of moderate to severe sleep-related breathing disorder.

BACKGROUND Given the previously described association between sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) and markers of inflammation, we assessed the relationship of SRBD with levels of both interleukin 6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R), a marker with more expansive physiologic effects than IL-6. The objectives were to explore the relationship between moderate to severe sleep apnea with IL-6 and sIL-6R levels and to examine morning and evening variability for each cytokine. METHODS A total of 385 adult participants (> or =18 years of age) in the Cleveland Family Study, Cleveland, Ohio, underwent sleep studies and determination of IL-6 and sIL-6R levels in samples obtained in the evening and morning of polysomnography. Moderate to severe SRBD was defined as a respiratory disturbance index greater than or equal to 30. RESULTS The subjects were aged 44.9 +/- 16.7 (mean +/- SD) years, 44% were male, and 48% were African American, with a body mass index (weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared) of 32.5 +/- 8.1 (mean +/- SD). Linear regression analysis showed that after adjustment for subject characteristics, waist circumference, and comorbidities, SRBD was not significantly associated with morning IL-6 levels. In contrast, linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the participants without SRBD, those with SRBD had significantly higher morning sIL-6R levels (mean +/- SD, 4.60 +/- 1.42 ng/mL [P = .001]), even after adjustment for subject characteristics, waist circumference, and comorbidities, which persisted after adjustment of evening sIL-6R levels. CONCLUSIONS Morning sIL-6R levels demonstrated stronger associations with moderate to severe SRBD than morning IL-6 levels. Associations with SRBD and morning sIL-6R levels persisted even after adjustment for waist circumference, cardiovascular disease, and evening sIL-6R levels, suggesting the potential utility of sIL-6R as a marker for measuring overnight SRBD stresses. Further investigation of this biomarker may provide insight into SRBD-related inflammation.
A type 2 fuzzy multi agent based system for scheduling of steel production

This paper deals with an interval type 2 fuzzy (IT2F) multi agent based expert system for scheduling of steel production. At first, we introduce a distributed multi agent based structure. Then, we propose an IT2F based hybrid strategy that combines IT2F programming and IT2F contract net protocol (CNP), where the variables (e.g. due date, completion time and processing time) that gained from manufacturing experts, are presented by IT2F membership functions.
Discourse Connective - A Marker for Identifying Featured Articles in Biological Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a free-content Internet encyclopedia that can be edited by anyone who accesses it. As a result, Wikipedia contains both featured and non-featured articles. Featured articles are high-quality articles and non-featured articles are poor quality articles. Since there is an exponential growth of Wikipedia articles, the need to identify the featured Wikipedia articles has become indispensable so as to provide quality information to the users. As very few attempts have been carried out in the biology domain of English Wikipedia articles, we present our study to automatically measure the information quality in biological Wikipedia articles. Since the coherence shows representational information quality of a text, we have used the discourse connective count measure for our study. We compare this novel measure with two other popular approaches word count measure and explicit document model method that have been successfully applied to the task of quality measurement in Wikipedia articles. We organized the Wikipedia articles into balanced and unbalanced set. The balanced set contains featured and non-featured articles of equal length and the unbalanced set contains randomly selected featured and non-featured articles. The best result for the balanced set is obtained with F-measure of 83.2%, while using Support Vector Machine classifier with 4-gram representation and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency weighting scheme. Meanwhile, the best result for unbalanced corpus is obtained using the discourse connective count measure with an F - measure of 98.06%.
Flavonoids, taxifolin and luteolin attenuate cellular melanogenesis despite increasing tyrosinase protein levels

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants. Their potent bio‐activities and relatively low toxicity have rendered them useful ingredients in functional cosmetics. The purpose of the present study was to examine their potential effects on cellular melanogenesis. When tested in murine melanoma B16F10 cells activated by α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH), taxifolin and luteolin inhibited the cellular melanogenesis as effectively as arbutin, one of the most widely used hypopigmenting agents in cosmetics. As opposed to their antimelanogenic effects, taxifolin and luteolin rather increased the tyrosinase protein levels in the absence and presence of α‐MSH. However, these flavonoids effectively inhibited tyrosinase‐catalysed oxidation of l‐dihydroxyphenylalanine in cell‐free extracts and in living cells. Furthermore, they attenuated cell pigmentation induced by expression of exogenous human tyrosinase. Therefore, the antimelanogenic effects of taxifolin and luteolin are attributed to their inhibitory effects on tyrosinase enzymatic activity, despite their effects on increasing tyrosinase protein levels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architectural and Integration Options for 3D NAND Flash Memories

Nowadays, NAND Flash technology is everywhere, since it is the core of the code and data storage in mobile and embedded applications; moreover, its market share is exploding with Solid-State-Drives (SSDs), which are replacing Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in consumer and enterprise scenarios. To keep the evolutionary pace of the technology, NAND Flash must scale aggressively in terms of bit cost. When approaching ultra-scaled technologies, planar NAND is hitting a wall: both academia researchers and industry worked to cope with this issue for several decades. Then, the 3D integration approach turned out to be the definitive alternative by eventually reaching mass production. This review paper exposes several 3D NAND Flash memory technologies, along with their related integration challenges, by showing their different layouts, scaling trends and performance/reliability features.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Management of Childhood Asthma in the United States

Objectives. We examined racial and ethnic differences in the management of childhood asthma in the United States and the extent that care conformed to clinical best practices. Methods. Two years of pooled data from the National Health Interview Survey were analyzed using logistic regression. The sample included all children between ages 2 and 17 years who had asthma currently and had been diagnosed with asthma by a doctor or health professional (n = 1757; 465 African-American, 212 Mexican-American, 190 Puerto Rican and other Hispanic, 806 white, non-Hispanic, and 84 children of other and multiple races and ethnicities). Results. African-American children with asthma were significantly less likely than white, non-Hispanic children to have taken preventive asthma medication, but more likely to have had an asthma management plan. Mexican-American and Puerto Rican and other Hispanic children did not differ significantly from white, non-Hispanic children in either receiving preventive asthma medication or having an asthma management plan. Caregivers of African-American and Puerto Rican and other Hispanic children were more likely to report that they or their child had taken a course or class on how to manage their child’s asthma. We did not find racial or ethnic differences in the extent children used quick-relief asthma medication or received advice about reducing asthma triggers in their home, school, or work environments. Conclusions. This work highlights a need for more research on racial and ethnic differences in asthma management. Implications for public health responses and racial and ethnic disparities in asthma morbidity are discussed.
Psychological reverberations for the killers: Preliminary historical evidence for perpetration-induced traumatic stress

In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association of cially adopted the term Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a disorder that follows traumatic events outside the realm of ordinary experience. This includes wars and various kinds of violence. In the modern era, the history of this concept shows resistance to understanding that soldiers could have such long-lasting responses to combat. Physical consequences had been noted in a description of the “soldier’s heart” in the American Civil War. “Shell shock” was the colloquia l term during World War I, attributed to brain damage. German psychiatrists thought it to be socially caused by monetary compensation, and their treatment proposals were accordingly counterproductive . Finally, during World War II, psychological stress-response syndromes were recognized. There was still considerable resistance, however, for fear that psychological causation implied cowardice. By the time of the American war in Vietnam, widespread research was undertaken. In 1983, a major study of Vietnam veterans was mandated by the US Congress. It was a strati ed random sample including 1,638 combat veterans and a very lengthy set of questions. The National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) found that more than half of male Vietnam veterans and nearly half of female Vietnam veterans had experienced clinically signi cant stressreaction symptoms. A large portion were still suffering at the time of the study, con rming PTSD as a chronic, long-lasting disorder. Similarly, Israeli soldiers involved in several wars have been studied in depth and found to have a high prevalence. The symptom pattern has been found to be consistent regardless of varying cultural circumstances in a large variety of traumatic situations . Secondary analysis of the NVVRS data has shown that the veterans that said they had killed had more severe report of PTSD symptoms than those who did not. With a self-assessed rating of battle intensity included in a multiple regression, it was found that this common correlate of PTSD severity was insuf cient; killing required further added explanation. In fact, those who had
Performances of buried permanent magnet synchronous generator with flux concentration for the wind system

This article proposes a different way of studying the performances of the structure of permanent magnet synchronous generator for small wind turbine. Thus, we make the two-dimensional study of the synchronous buried permanent magnet generator with flux concentration. It will be a question of studying the influence of the geometrical parameters of this generator on its performances: Effective no load flux, the phase resistance and cyclic inductance. We are interested in the parameters which appeared to us most relevant: dimensions of the permanent magnets, geometrical parameters principal expressing the obstruction of the machine and dimensions of the stator's teeth. Results of simulations obtained in the Matlab environment starting from the analytical model, we could identify the parameters which influence the performance of the generator positively and which could be used as variables of optimization.
Comprehensive Clinical Evaluations of Frontotemporal Dementia Contrasting to Alzheimer's Disease (oFTD Study).

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To examine comprehensive clinical evaluations of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. METHODS We used eight batteries and the touch panel test to retrospectively analyze 41 FTD patients compared with 121 AD patients. Furthermore, 34 FTD and all 121 AD patients were evaluated with a frontotemporal dementia-Alzheimer's disease index (FA index), which we developed for novel diagnosis with magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Frontal assessment battery, geriatric depression scale, and Abe's behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia score were significantly worse in FTD patients than in AD patients ( **p < 0.01 in FAB, **p < 0.01 in the geriatric depression scale, and ***p < 0.001 in Abe's behavioral and psychological symptom of dementia score), although there was no significant difference in the other five scores. The finding mistakes game score of the touch panel test was worse in FTD than in AD ( *p < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve of the FA index showed 91.4% sensitivity and 89.3% specificity with the FA index ≤0.6015 to discriminate FTD from AD. CONCLUSION Combining clinical scores, a computerized touch panel test, and the FA index will help to provide a more accurate diagnosis of FTD in contrast to AD.