Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Forgetting What Was Where: The Fragility of Object-Location Binding

Although we frequently take advantage of memory for objects locations in everyday life, understanding how an object’s identity is bound correctly to its location remains unclear. Here we examine how information about object identity, location and crucially object-location associations are differentially susceptible to forgetting, over variable retention intervals and memory load. In our task, participants relocated objects to their remembered locations using a touchscreen. When participants mislocalized objects, their reports were clustered around the locations of other objects in the array, rather than occurring randomly. These ‘swap’ errors could not be attributed to simple failure to remember either the identity or location of the objects, but rather appeared to arise from failure to bind object identity and location in memory. Moreover, such binding failures significantly contributed to decline in localization performance over retention time. We conclude that when objects are forgotten they do not disappear completely from memory, but rather it is the links between identity and location that are prone to be broken over time.
Multipath Binomial Congestion Control Algorithms

Nowadays portable devices with multiple wireless interfaces and using multimedia services are becoming more popular on the Internet. This paper describes a family of multipath binomial congestion control algorithms for audio/video streaming, where a low variant of transmission rate is important. We extend the fluid model of binomial algorithms for single-path transmission to support the concurrent transmission of packets across multiple paths. We focus on the extension of two particular algorithms, SQRT and IIAD, for multiple paths, called MPSQRT and MPIIAD, respectively. Additionally, we apply the design technique (using the multipath fluid model) for multipath TCP (MPTCP) into the extension of SQRT and IIAD, called fbMPSQRT and fbMPIIAD, respectively. Both two approaches ensure that multipath binomial congestion control algorithms achieve load-balancing, throughput improvement, and fairness to single-path binomial algorithms at shared bottlenecks. Through the simulations and comparison with the uncoordinated protocols MPSQRT/MPIIAD, fbMPSQRT/fbMPIIAD and MPTCP, we find that our extended multipath transport protocols can preserve lower latency and transmission rate variance than MPTCP, fairly share with single-path SQRT/IIAD, MPTCP and TCP, and also can achieve throughput improvements and load-balancing equivalent to those of MPTCP under various scenarios and network conditions. key words: multipath binomial congestion control, multimedia streaming, fairness, load-balancing
TCP-LP: low-priority service via end-point congestion control

Service prioritization among different traffic classes is an important goal for the Internet. Conventional approaches to solving this problem consider the existing best-effort class as the low-priority class, and attempt to develop mechanisms that provide "better-than-best-effort" service. In this paper, we explore the opposite approach, and devise a new distributed algorithm to realize a low-priority service (as compared to the existing best effort) from the network endpoints. To this end, we develop TCP Low Priority (TCP-LP), a distributed algorithm whose goal is to utilize only the excess network bandwidth as compared to the "fair share" of bandwidth as targeted by TCP. The key mechanisms unique to TCP-LP congestion control are the use of one-way packet delays for early congestion indications and a TCP-transparent congestion avoidance policy. The results of our simulation and Internet experiments show that: 1) TCP-LP is largely non-intrusive to TCP traffic; 2) both single and aggregate TCP-LP flows are able to successfully utilize excess network bandwidth; moreover, multiple TCP-LP flows share excess bandwidth fairly; 3) substantial amounts of excess bandwidth are available to the low-priority class, even in the presence of "greedy" TCP flows; 4) the response times of web connections in the best-effort class decrease by up to 90% when long-lived bulk data transfers use TCP-LP rather than TCP; 5) despite their low-priority nature, TCP-LP flows are able to utilize significant amounts of available bandwidth in a wide-area network environment
Large-scale author coreference via hierarchical entity representations

Large-scale author coreference, the problem of ascribing research papers to real-world authors in bibliographic databases, is critical for mining the scientic community. However, traditional pairwise approaches, which measure coreference similarity between pairs of author mentions, scale poorly to large databases; and streaming approaches, which lack the ability to retroactively correct errors, can suer from chronically low accuracy. In this paper we present a hierarchical model for solving author coreference that overcomes these issues. First, our model enables scalability over rich entity representations by compactly organizing the mentions of each author into trees. Second, we employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference which is able to retroactively correct existing coreference errors when processing new mentions. We validate these two properties empirically, and demonstrate further scalability through asynchronous parallel MCMC (allowing us to scale to all 150,000,000 author mentions in Web of Science).
Rigidity Emerges during Antibody Evolution in Three Distinct Antibody Systems: Evidence from QSFR Analysis of Fab Fragments

The effects of somatic mutations that transform polyspecific germline (GL) antibodies to affinity mature (AM) antibodies with monospecificity are compared among three GL-AM Fab pairs. In particular, changes in conformational flexibility are assessed using a Distance Constraint Model (DCM). We have previously established that the DCM can be robustly applied across a series of antibody fragments (VL to Fab), and subsequently, the DCM was combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to similarly characterize five thermostabilizing scFv mutants. The DCM is an ensemble based statistical mechanical approach that accounts for enthalpy/entropy compensation due to network rigidity, which has been quite successful in elucidating conformational flexibility and Quantitative Stability/Flexibility Relationships (QSFR) in proteins. Applied to three disparate antibody systems changes in QSFR quantities indicate that the VH domain is typically rigidified, whereas the VL domain and CDR L2 loop become more flexible during affinity maturation. The increase in CDR H3 loop rigidity is consistent with other studies in the literature. The redistribution of conformational flexibility is largely controlled by nonspecific changes in the H-bond network, although certain Arg to Asp salt bridges create highly localized rigidity increases. Taken together, these results reveal an intricate flexibility/rigidity response that accompanies affinity maturation.
Happiness Recognition from Mobile Phone Data

In this paper we provide the first evidence that daily happiness of individuals can be automatically recognized using an extensive set of indicators obtained from the mobile phone usage data (call log, sms and Bluetooth proximity data) and ``background noise'' indicators coming from the weather factor and personality traits. Our final machine learning model, based on the Random Forest classifier, obtains an accuracy score of 80.81% for a 3-class daily happiness recognition problem. Moreover, we identify and discuss the indicators, which have strong predictive power in the source and the feature spaces, discuss different approaches, machine learning models and provide an insight for future research.
Development of Antidonor Antibody Directed Toward Non–Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens in Tolerant Animals

Background The clinical significance of antibodies directed against antigens other than major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens is poorly understood, and there are few large animal models in which such antibodies can be examined. We studied, both retrospectively and prospectively, the development of antibodies to non-MHC antigens in tolerant miniature swine. Methods Our database was assessed for cases of antidonor antibody formation in tolerant animals over the last 20 years. Flow cytometry, absorption assays, and familial analyses for inheritance pattern of the gene(s) potentially responsible for the antibody reactivities were carried out, and an animal determined to be negative for this reactivity was immunized by a skin graft and subcutaneous injections of peripheral blood monocyte cells from an antigen-positive donor. Results Sixteen of 469 tolerant animals tested were found to have developed antidonor antibodies. These antibodies were found to be specific for the same, presumably single, non-MHC antigen. Familial analyses indicated that the gene encoding this antigen was expressed in an autosomal-dominant manner in approximately 95% of the herd. In a prospective study, antidonor antibodies with the same specificity as those observed retrospectively were successfully induced in an antigen-negative animal after immunization with peripheral blood monocyte cells. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of the development of antibodies to a highly prevalent, non-MHC antigen present on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and developing in tolerant animals without signs of graft dysfunction. Considering the concern often raised by the appearance of antidonor antibodies in transplant recipients, these data could have important implications for clinical transplantation.
The Association of Mitochondrial DNA 5178 C > A Polymorphism with Plasma Lipid Levels Among Three Ethnic Groups

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cytoplasmic organelles responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. The C to A nucleotide transversion in the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (MT‐ND2) coding region of mitochondrial DNA has been reported to be associated with plasma lipid levels, adult onset diseases and longevity. We have examined the role of this polymorphism in relation to plasma lipid levels and age in a total of 713 healthy individuals belonging to 3 ethnic groups in Singapore. The frequency of the A allele was significantly higher (p < 0.05) among the Chinese (0.15) in comparison to the Malays (0.05) and Indians (0.02). No significant difference in the frequency of the allele was observed between healthy and coronary artery disease subjects, and between age‐stratified subjects. We found that the polymorphism is significantly associated in an ethnic‐ and gender‐specific manner with plasma apoB levels in the Chinese males (p < 0.05). This is the first epidemiological report of the mt5178 C > A polymorphism and its association with plasma lipid levels in Asian populations outside Japan.
Polarized MIMO channels in 3-D: models, measurements and mutual information

Fourth-generation (4G) systems are expected to support data rates of the order of 100 Mb/s in the outdoor environment and 1 Gb/s in the indoor/stationary environment. In order to support such large payloads, the radio physical layer must employ receiver algorithms that provide a significant increase in spectrum efficiency (and, hence, capacity) over current wireless systems. Recently, an explosion of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) studies have appeared with many journals presenting special issues on this subject. This has occurred due to the potential of MIMO to provide a linear increase in capacity with antenna numbers. Environmental considerations and tower loads will often restrict the placing of large antenna spans on base stations (BSs). Similarly, customer device form factors also place a limit on the antenna numbers that can be placed with a mutual spacing of 0.5 wavelength. The use of cross-polarized antennas is widely used in modern cellular installations as it reduces spacing needs and tower loads on BSs. Hence, this approach is also receiving considerable attention in MIMO systems. In order to study and compare various receiver architectures that are based on MIMO techniques, one needs to have an accurate knowledge of the MIMO channel. However, very few studies have appeared that characterize the cross-polarized MIMO channel. Recently, the third-generation partnership standards bodies (3GPP/3GPP2) have defined a cross-polarized channel model for MIMO systems but this model neglects the elevation spectrum. In this paper, we provide a deeper understanding of the channel model for cross-polarized systems for different environments and propose a composite channel impulse model for the cross-polarized channel that takes into account both azimuth and elevation spectrum. We use the resulting channel impulse response to derive closed-form expressions for the spatial correlation. We also present models to describe the dependence of cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) on distance, azimuth and elevation and delay spread. In addition, we study the impact of array width, signal-to-noise ratio, and antenna slant angle on the mutual information (MI) of the system. In particular, we present an analytical model for large system mean mutual information values and consider the impact of elevation spectrum on MI. Finally, the impact of multipath delays on XPD and MI is also explored.
Intercalates and discrepancy in random Latin squares

An intercalate in a Latin square is a 2 × 2 Latin subsquare. Let N be the number of intercalates in a uniformly random n × n Latin square. We prove that asymptotically almost surely N≥(1−o(1)) n2/4 , and that EN≤(1+o(1)) n2/2 (therefore asymptotically almost surely N≤fn2 for any f→∞ ). This significantly improves the previous best lower and upper bounds. We also give an upper tail bound for the number of intercalates in 2 fixed rows of a random Latin square. In addition, we discuss a problem of Linial and Luria on low‐discrepancy Latin squares.
Non-linear model fitting to parameterize diseased blood vessels

Accurate estimation of vessel parameters is a prerequisite for automated visualization and analysis of healthy and diseased blood vessels. The objective of this research is to estimate the dimensions of lower extremity arteries, imaged by computed tomography (CT). These parameters are required to get a good quality visualization of healthy as well as diseased arteries using a visualization technique such as curved planar reformation (CPR). The vessel is modeled using an elliptical or cylindrical structure with specific dimensions, orientation and blood vessel mean density. The model separates two homogeneous regions: its inner side represents a region of density for vessels, and its outer side a region for background. Taking into account the point spread function (PSF) of a CT scanner, a function is modeled with a Gaussian kernel, in order to smooth the vessel boundary in the model. A new strategy for vessel parameter estimation is presented. It stems from vessel model and model parameter optimization by a nonlinear optimization procedure, i.e., the Levenberg-Marquardt technique. The method provides center location, diameter and orientation of the vessel as well as blood and background mean density values. The method is tested on synthetic data and real patient data with encouraging results.
Toward a Unified Theory of Development: Connectionism and Dynamic Systems Theory Re-Considered

Book synopsis: From William James to Sigmund Freud to Jean Piaget to B. F. Skinner, scholars (and parents) have wondered how children move from the blooming, buzzing confusion of infancy, through the tumult of childhood and adolescence, into adulthood. Does development occur continuously over time or in a series of dramatic stages? Is development driven by learning or by biological maturational processes? What is the nature of experience, and how does it generate change? The study of development has always been organized around these big questions. Answers to these questions have a profound influence on daily life, forming a framework for how parents think about their own children, and influencing both national policy and educational curricula. This book defines and refines two major theoretical approaches within developmental science that address the central issues of development-connectionism and dynamical systems theory. The chapters in this book provide an introduction, overview, and critical evaluation of each approach, including three sets of case studies that illustrate how these approaches have been used to study topics ranging from early motor development to the acquisition of grammar. It also presents a collection of commentaries by leading scholars, which offer a critical view from both an “outsiders” and an “insiders” perspective.
Learning from Data with Heterogeneous Noise using SGD

We consider learning from data of variable quality that may be obtained from different heterogeneous sources. Addressing learning from heterogenous data in its full generality is a challenging problem. In this paper, we adopt instead a model in which data is observed through heterogeneous noise, where the noise level reflects the quality of the data source. We study how to use stochastic gradient algorithms to learn in this model. Our study is motivated by two concrete examples where this problem arises naturally: learning with local differential privacy based on data from multiple sources with different privacy requirements, and learning from data with labels of variable quality. The main contribution of this paper is to identify how heterogeneous noise impacts performance. We show that given two datasets with heterogeneous noise, the order in which to use them in standard SGD depends on the learning rate. We propose a method for changing the learning rate as a function of the heterogeneity, and prove new regret bounds for our method in two cases of interest. Experiments on real data show that our method performs better than using a single learning rate and using only the less noisy of the two datasets when the noise level is low to moderate.
A Visualization‐Based Analysis System for Urban Search & Rescue Mission Planning Support

We propose a visualization system for incident commanders (ICs) in urban search and rescue scenarios that supports path planning in post‐disaster structures. Utilizing point cloud data acquired from unmanned robots, we provide methods for the assessment of automatically generated paths. As data uncertainty and a priori unknown information make fully automated systems impractical, we present the IC with a set of viable access paths, based on varying risk factors, in a 3D environment combined with visual analysis tools enabling informed decision making and trade‐offs. Based on these decisions, a responder is guided along the path by the IC, who can interactively annotate and reevaluate the acquired point cloud and generated paths to react to the dynamics of the situation. We describe visualization design considerations for our system and decision support systems in general, technical realizations of the visualization components, and discuss the results of two qualitative expert evaluation; one online study with nine search and rescue experts and an eye‐tracking study in which four experts used the system on an application case.
Práctica de actividad física y actitudes en los adolescentes de Canarias

espanolEn el presente estudio de la poblacion adolescente de la Comunidad Autonoma de Canarias, se evidencia que aquellos adolescentes que cumplen con las recomendaciones de practica de Actividad Fisica tanto de intensidad moderada como vigorosa frente a los que no las cumplen, muestran a su vez mejores valores en la percepcion del conjunto de actitudes que influyen en los niveles de practica; competencia motriz, disfrute y valor-utilidad otorgada a la misma. Lo cual nos permite afirmar que este conjunto de factores pueden determinar el tipo y grado de participacion en actividades fisico-deportivas en este sector de la poblacion. EnglishIn this actual study of the adolescent population of the Autonomous Region of the Canary Islands, is evident, that teens who comply with the recommendations of practice of physical activity both of moderate intensity as vigorous intensity, compared with those which do not comply, show the best values in the perception of the set of attitudes that influence the levels of practice; perceived competence, enjoyment, perceived value. Which allows us to affirm that this set of factors can determine the type and degree of participation in physical-sport activities in this sector of the population.
Increase in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase in Adipocytes Stimulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Signals

In adipocytes, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are closely associated with metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these metabolic disorders have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this report, we demonstrate that overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in adipocytes stimulates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thus affecting the neighboring macrophages. Adipogenic G6PD overexpression promotes the expression of pro-oxidative enzymes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase, and the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, which eventually leads to the dysregulation of adipocytokines and inflammatory signals. Furthermore, secretory factors from G6PD-overexpressing adipocytes stimulate macrophages to express more proinflammatory cytokines and to be recruited to the adipocytes; this would cause chronic inflammatory conditions in the adipose tissue of obesity. These effects of G6PD overexpression in adipocytes were abolished by pretreatment with NF-κB inhibitors or antioxidant drugs. Thus, we propose that a high level of G6PD in adipocytes may mediate the onset of metabolic disorders in obesity by increasing the oxidative stress and inflammatory signals.
Lessons from the Amazon Picking Challenge

This paper summarizes lessons learned from the first Amazon Picking Challenge in which 26 international teams designed robotic systems that competed to retrieve items from warehouse shelves. This task is currently performed by human workers, and there is hope that robots can someday help increase efficiency and throughput while lowering cost. We report on a 28-question survey posed to the teams to learn about each team's background, mechanism design, perception apparatus, planning and control approach. We identify trends in this data, correlate it with each team's success in the competition, and discuss observations and lessons learned.