Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informational Packet on Handoff Work

OBJECTIVE: Theories from the psychology of communication may be applicable in understandingwhy hand-off communication is inherently problematic. Thepurposeof this studywas toassesswhetherpostcall pediatric interns can correctly estimate the patient care information and rationale received by on-call interns during hand-off communication. METHODS: Pediatric interns at the University of Chicago were interviewed about the hand-off. Postcall interns were asked to predict what on-call interns would report as the important pieces of information communicated during the hand-off about each patient, with accompanying rationale. Postcall interns also guessed on-call interns’ rating of howwell the hand-offs went. Then, on-call interns were asked to list the most important pieces of information for each patient that postcall interns communicated during the hand-off, with accompanying rationale. On-call interns also rated how well the hand-offs went. Interns had access to written hand-offs during the interviews. RESULTS: We conducted 52 interviews, which constituted 59% of eligible interviews. Seventy-two patients were discussed. The most important piece of information about a patient was not successfully communicated 60% of the time, despite the postcall intern’s believing that it was communicated. Postcall and on-call interns did not agree on the rationales provided for 60% of items. In addition, an item was more likely to be effectively communicated when it was a to-do item (65%) or an item related to anticipatory guidance (69%) comparedwith a knowledge item (38%). Despite the lack of agreement on content and rationale of information communicated during hand-offs, peer ratings of hand-off quality were high. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric interns overestimated the effectiveness of their hand-off communication. Theories from communication psychology suggest that miscommunication is caused by egocentric thought processes and a tendency for the speaker to overestimate the receiver’s understanding. This study demonstrates that systematic causes of miscommunication may play a role in hand-off quality. Pediatrics 2010; 125:491–496 AUTHORS: Vivian Y. Chang, MD,a Vineet M. Arora, MD, MA,b Shiri Lev-Ari, MA,c Michael D’Arcy, BA,d and Boaz Keysar, PhDc aDivision of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Departments of bMedicine and cPsychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and dDepartment of Medical Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California
Analytical electromagnetic torque estimation of an axial flux permanent magnet machine under saturation

This paper presents a reasonably accurate analytical method to size and to design a single rotor single stator Axial Flux Permanent Magnet machine under iron circuit saturation. This approach allows obtaining the electromagnetic torque for a given value of tangential stress and outer diameter for the optimal diameter ratio, but can be used for any other diameter ratio. Analytical approach, avoiding numerical solutions, allows one to achieve the main dimensions of the machine in a much faster manner. By the introduction of a stator leakage flux factor and a saturation torque factor into the model a more precise estimation of the torque capability is obtained. The results show that the leakage flux and the iron saturations significantly reduce the torque developed especially, if high levels of tangential stress are reached. Finite element analysis was carried out to validate the proposed method showing acceptable results on the analytical predictions.
Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) effect on carcass characteristics and non-integrant components of Holsteinbull calves in feedlot.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on carcass characteristics of Holstein steers finished in feedlot. The experiment was conducted at the Midwest State University in the Center of Animal Production (NUPRAN). 24 Holstein steers were used with initial age of 192 days and initial body weight of 221 kg with a standard deviation of 7 kg. The experiment had a 210 days duration. The inclusion of probiotic containing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA500 (2x1010 CFU g-1) was provided at the order of 10 g animal-1 day-1. At the end of the feedlot, following a fasting period of 12 hours, the animals were weighed before loading to the fridge. The slaughter followed the normal flow of a slaughterhouse. The probiotic containing live yeast resulted in no significant effect (p> 0.05) on the features and components that are not part of the carcass.
Bioengineering a highly vascularized matrix for the ectopic transplantation of islets

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment for Type 1 diabetes; however limitations of the intra-portal site and poor revascularization of islets must be overcome. We hypothesize that engineering a highly vascularized collagen-based construct will allow islet graft survival and function in alternative sites. In this study, we developed such a collagen-based biomaterial. Neonatal porcine islets (NPIs) were embedded in collagen matrices crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide containing combinations of chondroitin-6-sulfate, chitosan, and laminin, and compared with controls cultured in standard media. Islets were examined for insulin secretory activity after 24 h and 4 d and for apoptotic cell death and matrix integrity after 7 d in vitro. These same NPI/collagen constructs were transplanted subcutaneously in immunoincompetent B6.Rag−/− mice and then assessed for islet survival and vascularization. At all time points assessed during in vitro culture there were no significant differences in insulin secretory activity between control islets and those embedded in the collagen constructs, indicating that the collagen matrix had no adverse effect on islet function. Less cell death was observed in the matrix with all co-polymers compared with the other matrices tested. Immunohistochemical analysis of the grafts post-transplant confirmed the presence of intact insulin-positive islets; grafts were also shown to be vascularized by von Willebrand factor staining. This study demonstrates that a collagen, chondroitin-6-sulfate, chitosan, and laminin matrix supports islet function in vitro and moreover allows islet survival and vascularization post-transplantation; therefore, this bio-engineered vascularized construct is capable of supporting islet survival.
Particle tracking and the diffusion‐reaction equation

Particle tracking algorithms are very useful methods to model conservative transport in surface and subsurface hydrological systems. Recently, a novel ad hoc particle‐based method was proposed to account for multicomponent reactive transport by Benson and Meerschaert (2008). This one‐dimensional particle method has been shown to match theoretical predictions, but, to date, there has been no rigorous demonstration that the particle method actually matches the governing equations for chemical transport. We generalize this particle method to two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional systems and rigorously demonstrate that this particle method converges to the diffusion‐reaction equation at the limit of infinitely small time step. We also investigate the numerical error associated with the method.
Skyrmion crystals and their symmetries.

On etudie le diagramme de phase des cristaux de skyrmions comme une fonction de la densite et de la pression. L'utilisation des proprietes de symetrie des phases variees et des developpements de Fourier, realises pour ajuster ces symetries, facilite l'etude. Un arrangement cubique simple de skyrmions moitie est, presque partout, la phase de basse energie. Aux densites tres elevees, la phase cubique simple subit une transition vers un cristal cubique centre de skyrmions 1/2. La transition a un cristal de skyrmions de faibles densites anterieurement suggeree, n'est pas accessible de maniere thermodynamique. Une transition de phase du premier ordre, menant a une separation de phase, se produit avant la transition anterieurement predite
A design criteria for the current gain in current-programmed regulators

The design of the inner loop for current-programmed regulators is discussed in this paper. The effect that current gain has on the quality factor Q of the LC filter is shown. A methodology is derived to reduce this value that, in most cases, can be very high. A high quality factor can produce drastic changes with undesirable effects on regulator stability. A low quality factor will produce two real poles with a consequent reduction in the current response. After the proper selection of the current gain is done, the design procedure for the proportional integral controller of the outer loop can be continued. The design-oriented analysis is applicable to the three basic switch-mode pulsewidth modulation converters, i.e. buck, boost and buck-boost. At the end, the procedure is applied to a 280 W boost regulator that shows the simplicity of this approach.
Pediatric Patients Demonstrate Progressive T1-Weighted Hyperintensity in the Dentate Nucleus following Multiple Doses of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: While there have been recent reports of brain retention of gadolinium following gadolinium-based contrast agent administration in adults, a retrospective series of pediatric patients has not previously been reported, to our knowledge. We investigated the relationship between the number of prior gadolinium-based contrast agent doses and increasing T1 signal in the dentate nucleus on unenhanced T1-weighted MR imaging. We hypothesized that despite differences in pediatric physiology and the smaller gadolinium-based contrast agent doses that pediatric patients are typically administered based on weighted-adjusted dosing, the pediatric brain would also demonstrate dose-dependent increasing T1 signal in the dentate nucleus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included children with multiple gadolinium-based contrast agent administrations at our institution. A blinded reader placed ROIs within the dentate nucleus and adjacent cerebellar white matter. To eliminate reader bias, we also performed automated ROI delineation of the dentate nucleus, cerebellar white matter, and pons. Dentate-to-cerebellar white matter and dentate-to pons ratios were compared with the number of gadolinium-based contrast agent administrations. RESULTS: During 20 years at our institution, 280 patients received at least 5 gadolinium-based contrast agent doses, with 1 patient receiving 38 doses. Sixteen patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria for ROI analysis. Blinded reader dentate-to-cerebellar white matter ratios were significantly associated with gadolinium-based contrast agent doses (rs = 0.77, P = .001). The dentate-to-pons ratio and dentate-to-cerebellar white matter ratios based on automated ROI placement were also significantly correlated with gadolinium-based contrast agent doses (t = 4.98, P < .0001 and t = 2.73, P < .02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric patients, the number of prior gadolinium-based contrast agent doses is significantly correlated with progressive T1-weighted dentate hyperintensity. Definitive confirmation of gadolinium deposition requires tissue analysis. Any potential clinical sequelae of gadolinium retention in the developing brain are unknown. Given this uncertainty, we suggest taking a cautious stance, including the use, in pediatric patients, of higher stability, macrocyclic agents, which in both human and animal studies have been shown to be associated with lower levels of gadolinium deposition, and detailed documentation of dosing. Most important, a patient should not be deprived of a well-indicated contrasted MR examination.
Functional anatomy of object recognition in humans: evidence from positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging

The ability to recognize elements of the environment as familiar objects, events, or classes underlies virtually all human cognition. Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of the recognition of visually presented objects suggest that several brain areas crucially support this function. However, a review of these findings reveals great variability in the cortical localization of object recognition in humans. Although there is converging evidence for the importance of the temporal and occipitotemporal cortex in object recognition, a consistent picture of the functional organization within these areas and their relation to function in other cortical regions has not yet emerged from brain imaging studies.
Canine antimicrobial peptides are effective against resistant bacteria and yeasts.

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small proteins present in most living species and they are involved in the defence against pathogenic organisms. β-Defensins and cathelicidin are the most frequently studied AMPs in both people and dogs. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of two canine β-defensins and a cathelicidin against antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and yeasts using a broth microdilution method. METHODS The micro-organisms tested were ATCC strains of meticillin-sensitive and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA, respectively), meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MSSP), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Malassezia pachydermatis. Field strains of meticillin-resistant S, pseudintermedius (MRSP, n = 1) and MSSP (n = 11) were also tested. Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The MSSP and MRSP were more susceptible to canine AMPs than MSSA and MRSA. Malassezia pachydermatis was more sensitive than C. albicans to canine AMPs. The β-defensin cBD103 was most effective against Staphylococci and P. aeruginosa, while the cathelicidin cCath was the most effective AMP against E. coli. Additionally, cBD103 was the most effective AMP for both yeasts studied, with M. pachydermatis being more susceptible than C. albicans. All AMPs tested exhibited killing within 2 h of exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE We demonstrated that natural canine AMPs are effective against canine-specific pathogens, are equally effective against meticillin-resistant or -susceptible strains, and are more effective against M. pachydermatis than against C. albicans organisms.
Bioinformatics-Inspired Quantized Hard Combination-Based Abnormality Detection for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

String matching algorithms used in bioinformatics can be applied to scenarios in cognitive radios, where reports of cooperative spectrum sensing nodes need to be compared with each other. Cooperative spectrum sensing is susceptible to security risks, where malicious users who participate in the process falsify the spectrum sensing data, thus affecting cognitive radio network performance. In this paper, an efficient spectrum sensing system is developed where each cognitive radio (CR) user senses the spectrum multiple times within an allocated sensing period. Each CR user quantizes its decision to predefined levels so as to achieve a tradeoff between bandwidth utilization and decision reporting accuracy. The reports for all the CR users are compared at the fusion center using Smith-Waterman algorithm, an optimal algorithm for aligning biological sequences used in bioinformatics, and similarity indices are computed. Robust mean and robust deviation of the similarity indices are calculated and a threshold is determined by these values. The CR users who have similarity indices below the given threshold are declared malicious and their reports are discarded. The local decisions of the remaining CR users are combined using the modified rules of decision combination to take a global decision. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme performs better than conventional schemes with and without malicious users.
Invited review: Architectures and mechanisms of ATP binding cassette proteins

ATP binding cassette (ABC) ATPases form chemo‐mechanical engines and switches that function in a broad range of biological processes. Most prominently, a very large family of integral membrane NTPases—ABC transporters—catalyzes the import or export of a diverse molecules across membranes. ABC proteins are also important components of the chromosome segregation, recombination, and DNA repair machineries and regulate or catalyze critical steps of ribosomal protein synthesis. Recent structural and mechanistic studies draw interesting architectural and mechanistic parallels between diverse ABC proteins. Here, I review this state of our understanding how NTP‐dependent conformational changes of ABC proteins drive diverse biological processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 492–504, 2016.
Drawing the Line in Genetic Engineering: Self-Regulation and Public Participation

208 ON 6 NOVEMBER 1974, DAVID BALTIMORE presented an informal talk to an interdisciplinary faculty group at MIT. He entitled it “Where Does Molecular Biology Become More of a Hazard Than a Promise? ” and described the new recombinant DNA techniques and the possibility that they could give rise to “the potential for public health problems. ” Baltimore explained that the Asilomar conference scheduled for February 1975 was an attempt to show that scientists could regulate themselves and was a way “of avoiding governmental responses” which would be too rigid, too hard to reverse, and too hard to work within. He concluded: “We’re stuck between self-determination of limits and imposition of orthodoxy.We’re stuck between self-interest of scientists and the public interest” (Baltimore 1974). As I listened I was impressed with this effort for responsibility and self-regulation, but I wondered how it was possible to exclude the public in a matter that should be of public concern. That was the beginning of my interest in the subject. As a historian of contemporary science focusing on social responsibility issues, I was drawn to it. In 1975 I started a project to document the development of the “recombinant DNA controversy” while events were happening, while recollections of participants
Legionella pneumophila glucosyltransferase inhibits host elongation factor 1A

Legionella pneumophila, the causal agent of Legionnaires' disease, is an intracellular parasite and invades and proliferates within different eukaryotic cells, including human alveolar macrophages. After several 100-fold multiplication within host cells, the pathogens are released for new invasion by induction of apoptosis or necrosis. Here we report that L. pneumophila produces a glucosyltransferase, which selectively modifies an ≈50-kDa mammalian protein by using UDP-glucose as a cosubstrate. MS analysis identified the protein substrate as the mammalian elongation factor (EF)1A. Legionella glucosyltransferase modifies its eukaryotic protein substrate at serine-53, which is located in the GTPase domain of the EF. Glucosylation of EF1A results in inhibition of eukaryotic protein synthesis and death of target cells. Our findings show a mode of inhibition of protein synthesis by microbial pathogens and offer a perspective for understanding of the host-pathogen interaction of L. pneumophila.
DNA microarrays to define and search for genes associated with obesity

One of the major goals of this review was to identify obesity‐specific gene profiles in animal models to help comprehend the pathogenic mechanisms and the prediction of the phenotypic outcomes of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The genomic examination of insulin‐sensitive tissues, such as the adipose and hepatic tissues, has provided a wealth of information about the changes in gene expression in obesity and its associated metabolic diseases. The overexpression of genes related to inflammation, immune response, adhesion molecules, and lipid metabolism is a major characteristic of white adipose tissue, while the overexpression of the genes related to lipid metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, defense, and stress responses is noticeable in the non‐alcoholic fatty liver of obese rodents. The hepatic‐gene expression profiles led us to hypothesize that in obese rodents, the livers are supplied with large amounts of free fatty acids under conditions associated with obesity either through increased fatty acid biosynthesis or through decreased fatty acid oxidation, which may lead to increased mitochondrial respiratory activity. The wide list of genes that were identified in previous studies could be a source of potential therapeutic targets because most of these genes are involved in the key mechanisms of obesity development, from adipocyte differentiation to the disturbance of metabolism.
Identification of a tumor‐initiating stem cell population in human renal carcinomas

The purpose of the present study was to search for the presence of a tumor‐initiating stem cell population in renal carcinomas. Based on the recent identification of mesenchymal stem cells in normal kidneys, we sorted cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell marker CD105 from 5 human renal carcinomas. Because the CD105+ but not the CD105− population showed enhanced tumorigenicity when injected in severely compromised immunodeficient (SCID) mice, we cloned and characterized CD105+ cells and evaluated their stemness, differentiative ability, and serial tumor generation. Characterization of the phenotype of CD105+ clones revealed several stem cell properties: 1) clonogenic ability, 2) expression of nestin, Nanog, Oct4 stem cell markers, and lack of differentiative epithelial markers, 3) ability to grow in non‐adhesive spheroids, 4) in vitro differentiation into epithelial and endothelial cell types, and 5) generation in vivo of serially transplantable carcinomas containing an undifferentiated CD105+ tumorigenic and a differentiated CD105− nontumorigenic population. In addition, some vessels present in carcinomas generated from CD105+ clones were of human origin, suggesting the capability of tumor‐initiating stem cells to in vivo differentiate also in endothelial cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CD105+ cells and clones derived from renal carcinomas were enriched in tumor‐initiating cells with stem characteristics. —Bussolati, B. , Bruno, S. , Grange, C. , Ferrando, U. , Camussi, G. Identification of a tumor‐initiating stem cell population in human renal carcinomas. FASEB J. 22, 3696–3705 (2008)
Effects of uroguanylin on natriuresis in experimental nephrotic rats

Aim: Uroguanylin, isolated from human and opossum urine, is a candidate intestinal natriuretic hormone that controls the sodium and water balance between the intestine and the kidneys. Levels of immunoreactive (ir)‐uroguanylin in the plasma and urine are increased in rats and humans with nephrotic syndrome, which is physiologically characterized by sodium retention with massive proteinuria. The present study evaluates the effect of natriuresis induced by uroguanylin on nephrotic rats.