Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Running Head : MODELS AND STRATEGIES FOR FMA 1 Models and strategies for factor mixture analysis : Two examples concerning the structure underlying psychological disorders

The factor mixture model (FMM) uses a hybrid of both categorical and continuous latent variables. The FMM is a good model for the underlying structure of psychopathology because the use of both categorical and continuous latent variables allows the structure to be simultaneously categorical and dimensional. While the conceptualization of the FMM has been explained in the literature, the use of the FMM is still not prevalent. One reason is that there is little research about how such models should be applied in practice and, once a well fitting model is obtained, how it should be interpreted. In this paper, the FMM will be explored by studying two real data examples: conduct disorder and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. By exploring these examples, this paper aims to explain the different formulations of the FMM, the various steps in building a FMM, as well as how to decide between a FMM and alternative
Towards better understanding Cybersecurity: Or are "Cyberspace" and "Cyber Space" the same?

Although there are many technology challenges and approaches to attaining cybersecurity, human actions (or inactions) also often pose large risks. There are many reasons, but one problem is whether we all “see the world” the same way. That is, what does “cybersecurity” actually mean – as well as the many related concepts, such as “cyberthreat,” “cybercrime,” etc. Although dictionaries, glossaries, and other sources tell you what words/phrases are supposed to mean (somewhat complicated by the fact that they often contradict each other), they do not tell you how people are actually using them. If we are to have an effective solution, it is important that all the parties understand each other – or, at least, understand that there are different perspectives. For the purpose of this paper and to demonstrate our methodology, we consider the case of the words, “cyberspace” and “cyber space. ” When we started, we assumed that “cyberspace” and “cyber space” were essentially the same word with just a minor variation in punctuation (i.e., the space, or lack thereof, between “cyber” and “space”) and that the choice of the punctuation was a rather random occurrence. With that assumption in mind, we would expect that the usage of these words (as determined by the taxonomies that would be constructed by our algorithms) would be basically the same. As it turned out, they were quite different, both in overall shape and groupings within the taxonomy. Since the overall field of cybersecurity is so new, understanding the field and how people think about it (as evidenced by their actual usage of terminology, and how usage changes over time) is an important goal. Our approach helps to illuminate these understandings.
The combination of CSLBP and LBP feature for pedestrian detection

Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature has attracted increasing interest in pedestrian detection tasks, but it requires high dimensionality to gain promising performance. To address this problem, we make three main contributions. First, Center-Symmetric Local Binary Patterns (CSLBP) feature is introduced to pedestrian detection. It's the first time to extract CSLBP operator in an approach similar to basic LBP operator. Second, we propose the operator combining CSLBP1,8 pattern and uniform LBP1,8 pattern, named combined-LBP descriptor for convenience. Third, the combined-LBP operator is applied to various color spaces. Experiments on INRIA pedestrian database show that combined-LBP operator based pedestrian detector achieve state of art performance with miss rate of 6.04% at FPPW=10-4 in gray-scale image, and the proposed operator in oRGB color space obtain superior result with miss rate of 2.75% at FPPW=10-4.
Script N = 8 Supergravity 4-point amplitudes

We present the explicit expressions in = 8 supergravity for the bosonic 4-particle tree and 1-loop amplitudes including vectors and scalars. We also present the candidate 4-point UV divergences in a form of helicity amplitudes, corresponding to 3-loop manifestly = 8 supersymmetric and Lorentz covariant counterterm. This may shed some light on the 3-loop finiteness of = 8 SG and on a conjectured higher loop finiteness. We perform a supersymmetric deformation to complex momentum of the 4-point generating function including higher-loop counterterms and the 1-loop UV finite amplitudes. Using the explicit form of the scalar part of the 3-loop counterterm and of the 1-loop UV finite scalar 4-point amplitudes we find that they both have an unbroken E(7,7) symmetry. We derive from E(7,7) symmetry the low-energy theorem for the 1-loop n-point amplitudes.
Screening technology based on DMS as an effective tool to help protect public and vital infrastructure from threats

In the past few years terrorism became one of the biggest threat for the public life and that why in now days one of most important civilization problems is to guarantee safety for the civilians. Most often occurring form of terrorism is usage of explosives, which result is definitely greater number of casualties per year than in case of use biological, chemical or even radiological substances. Explosives for the reason that are easy to reach, have wide and specific range of use, belong to the group of substances widely used in military operations as well as in acts of terrorism. Because of this it is crucial to effective and fast detection even in traces amount, what is directly connected with necessity providing analytical apparatus using technical novelties. There are many known techniques used for explosives detection but diverse places and ways of their use as well as requirement of really low detection limit allowing for detection on the “dog's nose” level are reason for their continues improvement. One of the methods used for detection of traces amount of explosives is differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS) which allows for detection of very low concentration analyzed substances. In Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry was made portable contamination signaling device (PRS-1) used for detection and identification wide range of chemical substances. PRS-1 was constructed based on the technique of gluing ceramic tiles and technology of depositing sensor electrodes on them. It is designed for the detection of chemical warfare agents, and initial testing of the detection explosives yielded positive results and form the basis for the concept of further research. Innovative solutions applied to the device PRS-1 cause that its technical parameters are very high - one of the best in the world.
Catadioptric Image-based Rendering for Mobile Robot Localization

We present an approach to view-based mobile robot localization using a X-slits image based rendering (IBR) method for creating novel views from a set of input images. The input images are acquired by a non-central catadioptric sensor mounted on a robot moving on a straight line. We propose to use the IBR for column ordering only, where occlusions in the horizontal direction are modeled and the sensor can be non-central. For the column matching between a query view at an unknown position and virtual views created by IBR, we use correlation of columns.
COPE: Improving Energy Efficiency With Coded Preambles in Low-Power Sensor Networks

Energy efficiency is one of the most important factors that affect the applicability of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in many practical scenarios. Many low-power media access control (MAC) protocols have been proposed in the past decade to improve the energy efficiency of sensor nodes. In these low-power MAC protocols, preambles are widely used to wake up the receivers asynchronizely. However, the data delivery potential of these preambles has not been exploited. In this paper, we propose a coded preamble (COPE), which exploits the data delivery potential of preambles by encoding the preambles by network coding. COPE has two salient features. First, a passive receiver set selection scheme enables nodes to decide whether to receive the overheard preamble packets, without introducing extra communication overhead. Second, COPE supports multiple routing primitives, such as unicast and broadcast, making it be a versatile 2.5 layer between the low-power link layer (layer 2) and the network layer (layer 3). We analyze COPE by a novel analytical model. Results show that COPE is able to improve the energy efficiency of both unicast and broadcast significantly. We also implement COPE in TinyOS/TelosB platform and evaluate its energy efficiency. Results show that COPE significantly reduces the radio-on-time in practical network settings.
RNAi-Based Functional Genomics Identifies New Virulence Determinants in Mucormycosis

Mucorales are an emerging group of human pathogens that are responsible for the lethal disease mucormycosis. Unfortunately, functional studies on the genetic factors behind the virulence of these organisms are hampered by their limited genetic tractability, since they are reluctant to classical genetic tools like transposable elements or gene mapping. Here, we describe an RNAi-based functional genomic platform that allows the identification of new virulence factors through a forward genetic approach firstly described in Mucorales. This platform contains a whole-genome collection of Mucor circinelloides silenced transformants that presented a broad assortment of phenotypes related to the main physiological processes in fungi, including virulence, hyphae morphology, mycelial and yeast growth, carotenogenesis and asexual sporulation. Selection of transformants with reduced virulence allowed the identification of mcplD, which encodes a Phospholipase D, and mcmyo5, encoding a probably essential cargo transporter of the Myosin V family, as required for a fully virulent phenotype of M. circinelloides. Knock-out mutants for those genes showed reduced virulence in both Galleria mellonella and Mus musculus models, probably due to a delayed germination and polarized growth within macrophages. This study provides a robust approach to study virulence in Mucorales and as a proof of concept identified new virulence determinants in M. circinelloides that could represent promising targets for future antifungal therapies.
Host-Mediated Phosphorylation of Type III Effector AvrPto Promotes Pseudomonas Virulence and Avirulence in Tomato[W]

The AvrPto protein from Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato is delivered into plant cells by the bacterial type III secretion system, where it either promotes host susceptibility or, in tomato plants expressing the Pto kinase, elicits disease resistance. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we obtained evidence that AvrPto is phosphorylated when expressed in plant leaves. In vitro phosphorylation of AvrPto by plant extracts occurs independently of Pto and is due to a kinase activity that is conserved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and Arabidopsis thaliana. Three Ser residues clustered in the C-terminal 18 amino acids of AvrPto were identified in vitro as putative phosphorylation sites, and one site at S149 was directly confirmed as an in vivo phosphorylation site by mass spectrometry. Substitution of Ala for S149 significantly decreased the ability of AvrPto to enhance disease symptoms and promote growth of P. s. tomato in susceptible tomato leaves. In addition, S149A significantly decreased the avirulence activity of AvrPto in resistant tomato plants. Our observations support a model in which AvrPto has evolved to mimic a substrate of a highly conserved plant kinase to enhance its virulence activity. Furthermore, residues of AvrPto that promote virulence are also monitored by plant defenses.
EcoGene-RefSeq: EcoGene tools applied to the RefSeq prokaryotic genomes

SUMMARY EcoGene.org is a genome database and website dedicated to Escherichia coli K-12 substrain MG1655 that is revised daily using information derived from the biomedical literature and in-house analysis. EcoGene is a major source of annotation updates for the MG1655 Genbank record, one of only a few Genbank genome records that are updated by a community effort. The Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database, built by The National Center for Biotechnology Information, comprises a set of duplicate Genbank genome records that can be modified by the NCBI staff annotators. EcoGene-RefSeq is being developed as a stand-alone internet resource to facilitate the usage of EcoGene-based tools on any of the >2400 completed prokaryotic genome records that are currently available at the RefSeq database. AVAILABILITY The web interface of EcoGene-RefSeq is available at http://www.ecogene. org/refseq. CONTACT krudd@med.miami.edu or j.zhou1@miami.edu.
HYPERSONIC BUCKSHOT: ASTROPHYSICAL JETS AS HETEROGENEOUS COLLIMATED PLASMOIDS

Herbig-Haro jets are commonly thought of as homogeneous beams of plasma traveling at hypersonic velocities. Structure within jet beams is often attributed to periodic or “pulsed” variations of conditions at the jet source. Simulations based on this scenario result in knots extending across the jet diameter. Observations and recent high energy density laboratory experiments shed new light on structures below this scale and indicate they may be important for understanding the fundamentals of jet dynamics. In this paper, we offer an alternative to “pulsed” models of protostellar jets. Using direct numerical simulations we explore the possibility that jets are chains of subradial clumps propagating through a moving interclump medium. Our models explore an idealization of this scenario by injecting small (r < rjet), dense (ρ>ρjet) spheres embedded in an otherwise smooth interclump jet flow. The spheres are initialized with velocities differing from the jet velocity by ∼15%. We find that the consequences of shifting from homogeneous to heterogeneous flows are significant as clumps interact with each other and with the interclump medium in a variety of ways. Structures which mimic what is expected from pulsed-jet models can form, as can be previously unseen, “subradial” behaviors including backward facing bow shocks and off-axis working surfaces. While these small-scale structures have not been seen before in simulation studies, they are found in high-resolution jet observations. We discuss implications of our simulations for the interpretation of protostellar jets with regard to characterization of knots by a “lifetime” or “velocity history” approach as well as linking observed structures with central engines which produce the jets.
Transcription Profiling of the mgrA Regulon in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT MgrA has been shown to affect multiple Staphylococcus aureus genes involved in virulence and antibiotic resistance. To comprehensively identify the target genes regulated by mgrA, we employed a microarray method to analyze the transcription profiles of S. aureus Newman, its isogeneic mgrA mutant, and an MgrA-overproducing derivative. We compared genes that were differentially expressed at exponential or early stationary growth phases. Our results showed that MgrA affected an impressive number of genes, 175 of which were positively regulated and 180 of which were negatively regulated in an mgrA-specific manner. The target genes included all functional categories. The microarray results were validated by real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantitation of a set of selected genes from different functional categories. Our data also indicate that mgrA regulates virulence factors in a fashion analogous to that of the accessory gene regulatory locus (agr). Accordingly, exoproteins are upregulated and surface proteins are downregulated by the regulator, suggesting that mgrA may function in concert with agr. The fact that a large number of genes are regulated by mgrA implies that MgrA is a major global regulator in S. aureus.
Parameter estimation for soil hydraulic properties using zero-offset borehole radar: Analytical method

Inverse methods to obtain soil hydraulic parameters are becoming increasingly popular, due to their more rapid, complete, and robust estimations of hydraulic parameters compared with traditional direct methods. We present a method to infer hydraulic parameters based on first arrival travel time measurements made with zero-offset borehole ground penetrating radar (BGPR). Borehole ground penetrating radar offers many advantages for field-scale monitoring of transient processes including the ability to measure rapidly, over relatively large soil volumes, with high temporal resolution and to great depths. The BGPR measurements are used to infer the position of the wetting front during infiltration. The analysis makes use of critical refraction at the edge of the wetting front, which gives rise to a linear increase in BGPR travel time with time as the wetting front passes beneath the antennae. The slope of this response is used directly to calculate the hydraulic conductivity. We demonstrate that unique determination of the van Genuchten α and n parameter is not possible with BGPR data alone; at least one pressure head measurement in the dry range (early time) is required. We employ a nonlinear least squares parameter estimation code to obtain the optimal a and n parameters for synthetic data. The method could potentially be applied to areas of artificial recharge in an infiltration basin, natural recharge in an ephemeral stream, or agricultural settings where the surface is flooded with irrigated water.
Design of Fresnel Lens-Type Multi-Trapping Acoustic Tweezers

In this paper, acoustic tweezers which use beam forming performed by a Fresnel zone plate are proposed. The performance has been demonstrated by finite element analysis, including the acoustic intensity, acoustic pressure, acoustic potential energy, gradient force, and particle distribution. The acoustic tweezers use an ultrasound beam produced by a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer operating at 2.4 MHz and 100 Vpeak-to-peak in a water medium. The design of the Fresnel lens (zone plate) is based on air reflection, acoustic impedance matching, and the Fresnel half-wave band (FHWB) theory. This acoustic Fresnel lens can produce gradient force and acoustic potential wells that allow the capture and manipulation of single particles or clusters of particles. Simulation results strongly indicate a good trapping ability, for particles under 150 µm in diameter, in the minimum energy location. This can be useful for cell or microorganism manipulation.
Parameter Space Structure of Continuous-Time Recurrent Neural Networks

A fundamental challenge for any general theory of neural circuits is how to characterize the structure of the space of all possible circuits over a given model neuron. As a first step in this direction, this letter begins a systematic study of the global parameter space structure of continuous-time recurrent neural networks (CTRNNs), a class of neural models that is simple but dynamically universal. First, we explicitly compute the local bifurcation manifolds of CTRNNs. We then visualize the structure of these manifolds in net input space for small circuits. These visualizations reveal a set of extremal saddle node bifurcation manifolds that divide CTRNN parameter space into regions of dynamics with different effective dimensionality. Next, we completely characterize the combinatorics and geometry of an asymptotically exact approximation to these regions for circuits of arbitrary size. Finally, we show how these regions can be used to calculate estimates of the probability of encountering different kinds of dynamics in CTRNN parameter space.
Preliminary implementation of point-to-multi-point multicast transmission based on cross-layer QoS and network coding

This paper presents a possible application of the cross-layer QoS mechanism for network coding in Future Internet. The idea is that the congestion control could be solved for core networks if a network coding-based point-to-multipoint transmission is implemented with quality of service information collected in a bottom-up approach. The implemented testbed combines a real-time demonstrator monitoring transfer rates, one-way delays and BERs at substrate network with network coding simulated in OMNET++ at virtual network level.
Automatic crosswell tomography by differential semblance optimization

Summary In this paper, a method for automatic tomography based on semblance and differential semblance is presented. The method determines the background velocity from the first arrivals. A semblance panel is built by back-propagating all the seismic data traces towards zero time. If the background velocity is close to the true one, all the first-arrivaltransmitted waves are lined up at zero time and the backpropagated traces are almost identical. The velocity model is then updated either by maximizing the norm of the stack of all the back-propagated traces (semblance optimization) or by minimizing the norm of the difference between two adjacent traces (differential semblance optimization).
Design of an Addressable Internetworked Microscale Sensor

The use of nanoscale structures in sensing applications has been heavily investigated in recent years, with many significant breakthroughs that suggest a bright future for the technology. Silicon nanowires have received particular attention for their use as sense elements because of their large surface areato-volume ratios and ability to be chemically altered to facilitate the binding of chemical or biological agents. The binding of these agents induces a conductance change in the wire, which can be monitored to detect the presence of trace amounts of an agent in a sample. The goal of the Addressable Internetworked Microscale Sensor (AIMS) system is to design a lab on a chip capable of detecting these small changes in conductance, and transmitting the data for analysis. The Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit is a 1.5mm by 1.5mm chip built in AMI C5F 0. 5μm technology with a 4 × 4 array of nanowire sensors. A response time of 30 μs is measured with a tunability of 100kΩ to 100MΩ in nanowire resistance for sensitivity to external binding agents.
Draft chapter to appear in :

Dyslexia as a case study of the application of the principles of neuroconstructivism to developmental disorders In this section, we consider the example of developmental dyslexia as an illustration of the principles of neuroconstructivism in the context of developmental disorders. In terms of progressive specialisation, we will encounter the idea that reading system emerges in part from specialisation of more general visual object recognition system that happens to have the correct properties for recognising written words. We will see evidence for an absence of this specialisation in dyslexia. In terms of competition / cooperation , we will encounter the idea that the reading system divides labour between lexical and semantic routes for naming; that the division of labour depends to some extent on the language in which reading is being learnt; and that atypical neurocomputational constraints may disrupt the normal division of labour in the acquisition of reading. In terms of partial representations, we will see that different partial representations of a word are used to drive naming, and that developmental anomalies in different partial representations (phonological, orthographic) may lead to overlapping behavioural deficits in reading. In terms of interactivity, we will see how