Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of Peroxisomal Catalase Inhibition on Mitochondrial Function

Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide as a metabolic by-product of their many oxidase enzymes, but contain catalase that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in order to maintain the organelle’s oxidative balance. It has been previously demonstrated that, as cells age, catalase is increasingly absent from the peroxisome, and resides instead as an unimported tetrameric molecule in the cell cytosol; an alteration that is coincident with increased cellular hydrogen peroxide levels. As this process begins in middle-passage cells, we sought to determine whether peroxisomal hydrogen peroxide could contribute to the oxidative damage observed in mitochondria in late-passage cells. Early-passage human fibroblasts (Hs27) treated with aminotriazole (3-AT), an irreversible catalase inhibitor, demonstrated decreased catalase activity, increased levels of cellular hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyls, and peroxisomal numbers. This treatment increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, and decreased the mitochondrial aconitase activity by ∼85% within 24 h. In addition, mitochondria from 3-AT treated cells show a decrease in inner membrane potential. These results demonstrate that peroxisome-derived oxidative imbalance may rapidly impair mitochondrial function, and considering that peroxisomal oxidative imbalance begins to occur in middle-passage cells, supports the hypothesis that peroxisomal oxidant release occurs upstream of, and contributes to, the mitochondrial damage observed in aging cells.
SDN and NFV for Network Cloud Computing: A Universal Operating System for SD Infrastructures

This paper proposes the medium-long term vision where Telecommunications networks will evolve towards becoming Software Defined Infrastructures (SDI). In particular, SDI will be highly dynamic and pervasive environments of logical resources capable of executing any network and service function (e.g., from L2 to L7) developed and controlled as software applications. It is argued that SDI will be a first concrete impact of the Softwarization trend which is starting to impact (with different expressions, e.g., SDN, NFV, Cloud and Network Computing) the Telecommunications and ICT ecosystems.In this respect, the paper proposes the model of the Universal Operating System (UOS) for SDIs as an overarching and distributed Operating System spanning from terminals through the network elements, to the Cloud/IT resources. Then UOS functional architectures and some key challenges related to its development are briefly examined.Eventually, it is argued that this evolution towards SDI will definitely blur, on one side the border between the Telecommunications networks and the Cloud Computing, and, on the other side, the distinction between the Telecommunications networks and the future "terminals" connected to them (e.g., handsets, tablets, machines, smart things, drones, robot). This transformation will have profound techno-economic implications for the Telecommunications and ICT ecosystems.
Moving Mountains: Community and Resistance in the Isle of Harris, Scotland, and Cape Breton, Canada

Drawing on poststructuralist political ecology, the narratives of two struggles about siting a superquarry are examined to elucidate the complex articulations of community, nature, resistance and identity in play in public debates. Focusing on the discursive formulations of the quarry in the expert language, as well as in the arguments of both local proponents and opponents of the quarries, shows the importance of ontological categories in “environmental” siting disputes. In Harris, these themes rearticulate the histories of dispossession, crofting and religion, as well as complex layers of geographical identity in the various claims to community. In Cape Breton, the rethinking of aboriginal Mi'kmaq identity was stimulated by revived interest in the religious traditions linked to the sacred site near the proposed quarry. In light of these findings, the complexity and active rearticulation of local “community” as political resistance are emphasised and the difficulties of thinking about sustainability highlighted.
The modifications of the LRV algorithm in a new method of word segmentation ESA

This article proposes two modifications of a new unsupervised method of word segmentation consisting of three phases: Evaluation, Selection, and Adjustment (ESA), which was presented in our early paper. Lowest Relative Value (LRV) is the core algorithm in ESA The whole method has only one parameter (the exponent in LRV) that can be approximately predicted by the empirical formulae. In this article, we further evaluate one of the empirical formulae on SIGHAN Bakeoff-3 dataset. And we correct the formula for the better prediction. Additionally, we modify another part of the LRV and demonstrate how the part alleviates the sparse data problem. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the modified ESA can produce better results than the original ESA and other methods.
Ambidextrous Organizations. A Multiple-Level Study of Absorptive Capacity, Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation and Performance

textabstractBalancing and synchronizing exploration and exploitation is fundamental to the competitive success of firms in dynamic environments. Despite the importance of reconciling exploration and exploitation within organizations, however, relatively little empirical research has examined this challenge facing numerous organizations. This study develops a multi-level framework and explores how ambidextrous organizations can successfully cope with both types of innovations across organizational units. It not only examines performance implications of organizational ambidexterity, but also investigates how organizational units develop exploratory and exploitative innovations. Results indicate that the most effective ambidextrous organizations balance exploratory and exploitative innovation by separating both types of activities in different organizational units. Moreover, findings demonstrate that organizational units require different types of combinative capabilities to influence their absorptive capacity, and subsequently, their exploratory and exploitative innovations.
The Economics of Optimism and Pessimism: A Definition and Some Applications

This paper suggests a way of incorporating the important concepts of optimism and pessimism into the accepted model of decision‐making under uncertainty. We exploit the primitive notion that an optimist is someone who over‐estimates (underestimates) the likelihood of favourable (unfavourable) outcomes. We show that this incorporation enables us to explain several commonly observed apparent violations of Subjective Expected Utility Theory. Several illustrations and economic applications are presented, and we show that attitude to ‘fate’ (as evidenced in optimism and pessimism) is a different dimension of personality than attitude to risk. We conclude by relating our extension of SEU theory to other recent extensions. Dieser Artikel schlagt eine Methode vor, die wichtigen Begriffe Optimismus und Pessimismus in das anerkannte Modell der Entscheidung unter Unsichelicheit zu integrieren. Wir nutzen die primitive Idee aus, ein Optimist sei jemand, der die Wahrscheinlichkeit von gunstigen (beziehungsweise ungunstigen) Ergebnissen uberschatzt (beziehungsweise unterschatzt). Wir zeigen, das diese Integrierung uns ermoglicht, mehrere allgemein beobachtete scheinbare Verstosse gegen die Subjective Expected Utility Theory zu erklaren. Mehrere Beispiele und wirtschaftliche Anwendungen werden vorgelegt, und wir zeigen, das die Einstellung zum ≪Schicksal≫ (durch Optimismus und Pessimismus bewiesen) eine andere Dimension der Personlichkeit als die Einstellung zum Risiko ist. Zum Abschlus vergleichen wir unsere mit anderen Erweiterungen der SEU‐Theorie. Cet article suggere un moyen d'integrer ies concepts importants d'optimisme et de pessimisme d'une facon couramment acceptee de prendre une decision dans l'incertitude. Nous exploitons la notion primitive qu'un optimiste est quelqu'un qui sur‐estime (sous‐estime) la possibilite de resultats favorables (defavorables). Nous demontrons que cette integration nous permet d'expliquer plusieurs apparentes infractions de Subjective Expected Utility Theory, qui ont ete sou vent observees, plusieurs illustrations et applications economiques sont presentees, et nous demontrons que cette attitude vis‐ȩ‐vis du ≪destin≫ (comme prouvee dans l'optimisme et le pessimisme) est une autre dimension de la personnalite que l'attitude vis‐ȩ‐vis du risque. Nous concluons en appliquant cette theorie etendue ȩ d'autres developpements resentment decouverts de SEU theorie.
Occupation and Well-being: A Study of Some Slovenian People's Experiences of Engagement in Occupation in Relation to Well-being

This study investigated some Slovenian people's experiences of well-being whilst engaged in daily occupations. No research has previously been carried out in this area in Slovenia. Research is needed to improve our knowledge about people's experiences while carrying out occupations to be able to better understand the needs of potential clients. In this qualitative study, focus groups involving 24 Slovenians from different parts of the country participated in the data collection. Four central themes were identified in the analysis: (1) occupation as the organizer of a preferred rhythm that creates a feeling of balance in life, (2) occupation as the creator of an experience of mastery and control, (3) occupation as a facilitator of social relationships, and (4) occupation as a way to connect and contribute to family and society.
Teacher Leadership Style: A Classroom‐level Study

Borrowing the ideas from the theories of adult organizations, investigates how teacher leadership style is related to use of power, social climate, student‐affective performance in a sample of 678 classrooms in 190 Hong Kong primary schools. Finds that class teacher′s leadership and use of power are interrelated in process of leading a class of students. Leadership style was found to be strongly related to social climate and student‐affective performance. The leadership style of “high initiating structure and high consideration” should be preferable and effective in terms of nearly all of the climate and affective measures. The findings support the importance of balanced leadership style not only in adults organizations, but also in classrooms. The profiles of the four leadership styles provide a useful pattern for developing teacher leadership as well as classroom environment for better students′ outcomes. The findings support the possibility of generalization of the concepts of organization and manageme.
Scientific Reasoning in Young Children: Preschoolers’ Ability to Evaluate Covariation Evidence

Preschool children’s basic scientific reasoning abilities were investigated in two experiments. Consistent with findings by Ruffman et al. (1993), Experiment 1 showed that even 4-year-olds can evaluate patterns of covariation evidence. However, even 6-year-olds had difficulties interpreting non-covariation evidence. Experiment 2 showed that 5-year-olds could overcome this difficulty when prompted to expect no causal relationship between two variables. Experiment 2 further showed that preschoolers’ evidence evaluation skills were affected by their pre-existing causal beliefs. However, their performance was above chance even when the evidence contradicted a prior belief they held with some conviction. In sum, our results demonstrate a basic understanding of the hypothesis-evidence relationship in preschool children, thus contributing to a revision of the picture of the scientifically illiterate preschooler.
Congenic rats reveal three independent Copenhagen alleles within the Mcs1 quantitative trait locus that confer resistance to mammary cancer.

It has previously been shown that the Copenhagen (COP) rat contains several genetic loci that contribute to its mammary tumor-resistant phenotype after 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) administration. One of these loci, mammary carcinoma susceptibility 1 (Mcs1), is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 2 and appears to act in a semidominant fashion. To confirm the existence and independent action of this locus and also aid in the identification of the physical location of the Mcs1 gene, congenic lines were generated by transferring the Mcs1 COP allele onto a Wistar Furth (WF) genetic background. Male carriers were genotyped using microsatellite markers spanning 20-30 cM of the Mcs1 locus. One of the congenic lines minimally retained the COP allele at D2Mit29 on the centromeric end of chromosome 2 and extended distally to D2Rat201. Heterozygous Mcs1 carrier rats were interbred, and the female offspring were treated with DMBA. The female rats from the Mcs1 congenic line that carried one or two COP alleles of the Mcs1 region had a significantly reduced (65 and 85%, respectively) tumor development (P < 0.001) compared with rats carrying zero COP alleles at this locus. A WF.COP-D2Mit29/D2Rat201 homozygous congenic strain derived at the N10 generation was treated with DMBA, and the COP homozygous rats developed 1.5 +/- 0.3 carcinomas/rat versus 6.3 +/- 0.5 in WF control rats (P < 0.0001). Fine mapping of this congenic interval using several recombinant lines identified three genetic loci within the Mcs1 congenic region that independently supported a tumor resistance phenotype. These genetic loci have been termed Mcs1a, Mcs1b, and Mcs1c. In rats for which each locus was homozygous for the COP allele, tumor development was reduced by approximately 60% compared with littermate controls. The identification of these independent loci within the Mcs1 COP allele provide a model of the genetic complexity of cancer.
Less Pay and More Sensitivity? Institutional Investor Heterogeneity and CEO Pay

In this article, the authors develop and test a theory on the effect of institutional investor heterogeneity on CEO pay. Their theory predicts that institutional investors’ incentives and capabilities to monitor CEO pay are determined by the fiduciary responsibilities, conflicts of interest, and information asymmetry that institutional investors face. Their theory suggests, in contrast to previous literature, that public pension funds and mutual funds exert different effects on CEO pay at their portfolio firms because they do not have the same monitoring incentives and capabilities. Using a longitudinal sample of S&P 1500 firms for the years 1998 to 2002, the authors find that public pension fund ownership is more negatively—indeed, oppositely—associated with both the level of CEO pay and CEO pay-for-performance sensitivity than mutual fund ownership. Their findings suggest that (a) researchers’ use of institutional investor classifications that do not distinguish public pension fund ownership and mutual fund ownership can be misleading and (b) while CEO pay critics have called for pay plans that are in line with the “less pay and more sensitivity” principle, this may be an ineffective goal to pursue.
Ruminating Reader: Reasoning with Gated Multi-hop Attention

To answer the question in machine comprehension (MC) task, the models need to establish the interaction between the question and the context. To tackle the problem that the single-pass model cannot reflect on and correct its answer, we present Ruminating Reader. Ruminating Reader adds a second pass of attention and a novel information fusion component to the Bi-Directional Attention Flow model (BiDAF). We propose novel layer structures that construct a query aware context vector representation and fuse encoding representation with intermediate representation on top of BiDAF model. We show that a multi-hop attention mechanism can be applied to a bi-directional attention structure. In experiments on SQuAD, we find that the Reader outperforms the BiDAF baseline by 2.1 F1 score and 2.7 EM score. Our analysis shows that different hops of the attention have different responsibilities in selecting answers.
Characterization of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Arcobacter thereius by whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics

Four Arcobacter species have been associated with human disease, and based on current knowledge, these Gram negative bacteria are considered as potential food and waterborne zoonotic pathogens. At present, only the genome of the species Arcobacter butzleri has been analysed, and still little is known about their physiology and genetics. The species Arcobacter thereius has first been isolated from tissue of aborted piglets, duck and pig faeces, and recently from stool of human patients with enteritis. In the present study, the complete genome and analysis of the A. thereius type strain LMG24486T, as well as the comparative genome analysis with 8 other A. thereius strains are presented. Genome analysis revealed metabolic pathways for the utilization of amino acids, which represent the main source of energy, together with the presence of genes encoding for respiration-associated and chemotaxis proteins. Comparative genome analysis with the A. butzleri type strain RM4018 revealed a large correlation, though also unique features. Furthermore, in silico DDH and ANI based analysis of the nine A. thereius strains disclosed clustering into two closely related genotypes. No discriminatory differences in genome content nor phenotypic behaviour were detected, though recently the species Arcobacter porcinus was proposed to encompass part of the formerly identified Arcobacter thereius strains. The report of the presence of virulence associated genes in A. thereius, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, verified by in vitro susceptibility testing, as well as other pathogenic related relevant features, support the classification of A. thereius as an emerging pathogen.
Associations Between Older Adults' Spoken Interactive Health Literacy and Selected Health Care and Health Communication Outcomes

Recent trends in the conceptualization of health literacy lead toward expansive notions of health literacy as social practice, rather than as a narrower cognitive capacity to understand health-related texts and materials. These expansive and complex constructions of health literacy demand tools for assessing individuals’ propensities to actively seek information in their interactions with health care professionals and other health information sources. This study proposes a measure of this information-exchange component of health literacy and examines its capacity to predict outcomes and processes such as satisfaction with health care and comprehension of spoken health messages. Results for this sample (n = 334) of low socioeconomic status older adults (mean age = 74.70 years) reveal that indices derived from the Measure of Interactive Health Literacy (MIHL) do contribute unique variance—apart from document-based health-literacy—on several criterion measures such as satisfaction with health care services. Comprehension checking improved health message listening comprehension, but for White participants only. These findings invite further investigations of interactive health literacy involving different populations, message topics, and elicitation methods.
Speech Accommodation Without Priming: The Case of Pitch

People often accommodate to each other's speech by aligning their linguistic production with their partner's. According to an influential theory, the Interactive Alignment Model, alignment is the result of priming. When people perceive an utterance, the corresponding linguistic representations are primed and become easier to produce. Here we tested this theory by investigating whether pitch (F0) alignment shows two characteristic signatures of priming: dose dependence and persistence. In a virtual reality experiment, we manipulated the pitch of a virtual interlocutor's speech to find out (1) whether participants accommodated to the agent's F0, (2) whether the amount of accommodation increased with increasing exposure to the agent's speech, and (3) whether changes to participants' F0 persisted beyond the conversation. Participants accommodated to the virtual interlocutor, but accommodation did not increase in strength over the conversation and disappeared immediately after the conversation ended. Results argue against a priming-based account of F0 accommodation and indicate that an alternative mechanism is needed to explain alignment along continuous dimensions of language such as speech rate and pitch.
Respiratory symptoms, bronchial responsiveness, and cellular characteristics of induced sputum in elite swimmers

To investigate respiratory symptoms, increased bronchial responsiveness, and signs of airway inflammation in elite swimmers, we examined 29 swimmers from the Finnish national team and 19 healthy control subjects (nonasthmatic, symptom‐free). They answered a questionnaire and were interviewed for respiratory symptoms. Lung volumes were measured and bronchial responsiveness assessed by a histamine challenge test. Induced sputum samples were also collected. Fourteen (48%) of the swimmers and three (16%) of the control subjects showed increased bronchial responsiveness (P<0.05). The sputum cell differential counts of eosinophils (mean 2.7% vs 0.2%) and neutrophils (54.7% V5 29.9%) from swimmers were significantly higher than those from controls (P<0.01). Eosinophilia (sputum differential eosinophil count of >4%) was observed in six (21%) of the swimmers and in none of the controls (P<0.05). Symptomatic swimmers had significantly more sputum eosinophils than did the symptom‐free. The concentrations of sputum eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin (HNL) were significantly higher in swimmers than control subjects (P<0.001 and P=0.05). We conclude that elite swimmers had significantly more often increased tjronchial responsiveness than control subjects. Sputum from swimmers contained a higher percentage of eosinophils and neutrophils, and higher concentrations of EPO and HNL than sputum from controls. Long‐term and repeated exposure to chlorine compounds in swimming pools during training and competition may contribute to the increased occurrence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation in swimmers.
Under Consideration for Publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming Sunny: a Lazy Portfolio Approach for Constraint Solving

*** To appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP) *** Within the context of constraint solving, a portfolio approach allows one to exploit the synergy between different solvers in order to create a globally better solver. In this paper we present SUNNY: a simple and flexible algorithm that takes advantage of a portfolio of constraint solvers in order to compute — without learning an explicit model — a schedule of them for solving a given Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). Motivated by the performance reached by SUNNY vs. different simulations of other state of the art approaches, we developed sunny-csp, an effective portfolio solver that exploits the underlying SUNNY algorithm in order to solve a given CSP. Empirical tests conducted on exhaustive benchmarks of MiniZinc models show that the actual performance of sunny-csp conforms to the predictions. This is encouraging both for improving the power of CSP portfolio solvers and for trying to export them to fields such as Answer Set Programming and Constraint Logic Programming.