Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Networks for Internet Access Using Tethering

We investigate scenarios where Internet access to a user device (node) is available only via the cellular network. However, not every node may connect directly to it. Instead, some may use tethering to connect over WiFi to a node sharing its Internet connection. In effect, nodes split into hotspots and clients. Hotspots are nodes that connect directly to the cellular network and can provide Internet connectivity to other nodes to whom they are connected over WiFi. Clients connect to the cellular network only via hotspots. In this work, we consider the problem of determining the split of hotspots and clients, and the association between them, which maximizes the sum of the rates of all nodes, subject to the constraint that any node gets at least the rate it gets when all nodes are directly connected to the cellular network. Via tractable networks, we provide insights into the interplay between WiFi connectivity amongst nodes and rates of their links to the cellular tower, the splits that maximize sum rate, with provably optimal splits for a few cases. We propose a novel heuristic approach to split any network and provide a detailed exposition of gains available from tethering, via simulations.
The Reservation Wage Unemployment Duration Nexus

A thorny problem in identifying the determinants of reservation wages and particularly the role of continued joblessness in their evolution is the simultaneity issue. We deploy a control function approach to the problem that involves conditioning elapsed duration on completed unemployment duration in the reservation wage equation. Our analysis confirms that the use of elapsed duration alone compounds two separate and opposing influences. Only with the inclusion of completed duration is the negative effect of continued joblessness on reservation wages apparent.
An exploratory investigation into the hierarchical linkages between salespersons' sales call activities and customers' psychosocial benefits and terminal values

Purpose – This study aims to extend the current understanding in consumer behavior about plausible theoretical linkages between salespersons' activities, and the psychosocial benefits derived, and terminal values achieved by customers.Design/methodology/approach – The study carries out in‐depth interviews with 49 customers, and apply means‐end chain (MEC) theory to unravel hierarchical linkages between sales call activities and customers' attainment of functional and psychosocial benefits, and terminal values.Findings – The results suggest that a few significant sales call activities are hierarchically associated with customers' perceived benefits and terminal values.Research limitations/implications – The study has a limitation in terms of generalizability of the results, since only a few sales call activities have been studied. Moreover, the methodology followed is exploratory, rather than confirmatory.Practical implications – The managerial implications include designing salespersons' sales call activi.
Detection of T-2 toxin in Fusarium sporotrichioides-infected corn by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to screen for T-2 toxin in Fusarium sporotrichioides -infected corn. The assay detected T-2 toxin in diluted methanol extracts of corn samples at concentrations of 0.05 ng/ml. In infected corn samples, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gas-liquid chromatography estimations of T-2 toxin concentrations were similar.
A new EBG structure for < 5 GHz SSN suppression in < 10mm x 10mm high density mixed-signal SIP

In modern mobile hand-held phone, many kinds of wireless services are employed. For example, there are blue tooth, mobile TV, wireless broadband internet, HSDPA, RF-ID, and etc. Since the small-form factor chip set solution corresponding to each wireless service is strongly required in ultra-thin small form-factor mobile phone, system in package (SIP) is promising solution. In mixed signal SIP (MS-SIP) integrating digital logic IC and RF-IC, noise isolation between digital and RF domain is becoming one of major concerns. To manage RF noise propagation, one of recently presented noise suppression design technology is power delivery network (PDN) with electromagnetic band-gap (EBG). In this paper, a new EBG structure employable to small form factor (<10mm times 10mm) MS-SIP is presented.
A model of two-tiered financial reporting

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) have come under increasing pressure to address public concerns regarding the effectiveness of financial disclosures.1 The SEC issued for public comment a proposal that would allow companies to use a form of two-tiered financial reporting (SEC [1995]). Two-tiered reporting involves producing a reduced-form annual report by abbreviating and perhaps recasting the complete financial statements prepared under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Much of the public support for two-tiered reporting revolves around the idea that the current disclosure regime creates an "information overload" problem for at least some investor groups (e.g., FASB [1995], Groves [1995], and Cook and Sutton [1995] ). 2 Proponents of two-tiered
Beyond Heroes and Victims: Filipina Contract Migrants, Economic Activism and Class Transformations

This article employs anti-essentialist Marxist analysis to shed light on the diverse economic activities that Filipina contract migrants are engaged in at home and overseas. We point to the limitations of dominant representations of these women as 'heroes' of national development or 'victims' of a global capitalist economy, which tend to foreclose a discussion of multiple class processes engendered by transnational labour migration. In drawing on a fluid theory of class, we investigate how contract domestic workers are involved in multiple class processes that allow them to produce, appropriate and distribute surplus labour in innovative ways. We also discuss the activities of the Asian Migrant Centre, a non-governmental organization working with domestic workers in Hong Kong, whose efforts to inspire the entrepreneurial aspirations of these women reflect the importance of recognizing migrant workers' multiple economic identities. This analysis has implications for how we imagine the agency of contract workers, as well as the performativity of research and advocacy work.
SCM 1 8 8 1 24 2 18 14 0 24 3

Endoderm formation in the mammal is a complex process with two lineages forming during the first weeks of development, the primitive (or extraembryonic) endoderm, which is specified in the blastocyst, and the definitive endoderm that forms later, at gastrulation, as one of the germ layers of the embryo proper. Fate mapping evidence suggests that the definitive endoderm arises as two waves, which potentially reflect two distinct cell populations. Early primitive ectoderm-like (EPL) cell differentiation has been used successfully to identify and characterise mechanisms regulating molecular gastrulation and lineage choice during differentiation. The roles of the p38 MAPK family in the formation of definitive endoderm were investigated using EPL cells and chemical inhibitors of p38 MAPK activity. These approaches define a role for p38 MAPK activity in the formation of the primitive streak and a second role in the formation of the definitive endoderm. Characterisation of the definitive endoderm populations formed from EPL cells demonstrates the formation of two distinct populations, defined by gene expression and ontogeny, that were analogous to the proximal and distal definitive endoderm populations of the embryo. Formation of the proximal definitive endoderm was found to require p38 MAPK activity and is correlated with molecular gastrulation, defined by the expression of brachyury (T). Distal definitive endoderm formation also requires p38 MAPK activity but can form when T expression is inhibited. Understanding lineage complexity will be a prerequisite for the generation of endoderm derivatives for commercial and clinical use.
Biographical research as a methodology for understanding entrepreneurial marketing

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to respond to the Special Issue call by developing the case for enhancing understanding of entrepreneurial marketing by utilising biographical research. This builds on the limited existing research in entrepreneurial marketing using this approach. Design/methodology/approach – Five entrepreneurial marketers are assessed using biographical research. Findings – The individuals assessed clearly show the connection between the telling of a life story and how a business is run using an entrepreneurial marketing approach. Biographical techniques succeed in addressing the need for situation specific understanding. Entrepreneurial marketing core competencies help establish competitive advantage through their ability to influence behaviour, market creation and growth activities. Research limitations/implications – Biographical research contributes towards the additional theoretical and practical insight which entrepreneurial marketing requires. Practical implications – Entrep.
Piezoelectric Beam for Intrabody Propulsion Controlled by Embedded Sensing

The body is a very challenging environment for locomotion. The mechanical properties of intrabody fluids and tissues vary by location and time. In order to move an embedded biomedical device such as a deep brain stimulation electrode, one has to identify the properties of the environment and set the propulsive actuator's input accordingly. We developed a piezoelectric actuator for propelling a microrobot in cerebro spinal fluid or burrowing in the brain tissue parenchyma. The propulsion is created by the vibration of the beam at the resonance frequencies. The driving of the actuators is controlled by in situ multi-input multi-output system identification (SI) using part of the beam as sensor and part as actuator. In this study, we model the sensing of the device, present the SI method, the calculation of the input signals to achieve maximal propulsion, and we test the driving method experimentally. The microactuator is examined in 500-cP silicon oil and a 20-mm-long actuator can achieve 3-μN propulsive force.
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) outcome with conservative management

Resurgence of neurosurgical intervention of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy prompted our review of 186 patients evaluated between 1981 and 1993, correlating clinical examination, electrodiagnosis, and functional outcome with conservative management. Eighty‐eight percent had upper brachial plexus palsies, and 63% were mild. Forty‐two infants required no long‐term follow‐up because they rated 1 or 2 on initial physical examination. Comparing first and last follow‐up clinical findings of the remaining 149 patients, there was high agreement (correlation r = 0.81; P < 0.001). Pearson correlation of initial physical exam with electrodiagnosis at three intervals was relatively stable (r = 0.87, 0.88, 0.69). One hundred eight (72%) of the patients remained in their original severity groups. Thirty‐three of 41 patients with discrepant follow‐up scores improved by at least one category. Eight patients deteriorated. The natural pathophysiology and recovery of OBPP is presented. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oil shocks and the macro-economy: a comparison across high oil price periods

Oil prices are found to exert nonlinear effects on major advanced economies. Real output's reaction is much more visible during the periods of high oil prices of the mid-1970s and early 1980s. Oil prices have had inflationary consequences in several economies not only in those two periods, but also during the spike of 1990. There is also evidence that inflation has picked up in some economies as a result of the oil price hikes of 1999–2000, and even more recently in the case of the US.
Technology, inequality and economic growth

It is a matter of common observation that inequalities have been increasing in almost every part of the world in the 1980s and 1990s, reversing the more egalitarian trends which prevailed in the early post-war period. This paper seeks to show: (1) that something alternating phases of retrenchment and egalitarian trends have been characteristics of industrial capitalist society throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; and (2) that these long swings of social policy are related to the diffusion of major new technologies in the economic system. Finally, the paper discusses very briefly a few of the main directions in which social policy should move if the present inegalitarian trends are to be reversed.
The Exchange Rate and Inflation in the UK

The United Kingdom is a highly open economy, and has a monetary policy strategy of targeting inflation in consumer prices. In this paper, we look at the evidence from the UK on inflation behaviour, and examine the propositions from several theoretical models about inflation dynamics in an open economy, focussing in particular on the hypothesised connections between the exchange rate and consumer price inflation. Theoretical open-economy macroeconomic models ‘cover the waterfront’ on this issue, ranging from ‘exchange rate disconnect’ to a rigid link between nominal exchange rate changes and inflation. We estimate on UK data the open-economy Phillips curves implied by the alternative explanations. We argue that, of the alternatives considered, only a model where imports are modelled as an intermediate good, as in McCallum and Nelson (1999), provides a reasonable match with the data. Unlike the standard model, in which imports are treated as a final consumer good, the intermediate-goods specification provides support for a policy of CPI inflation targeting.
The currency union effect on intra-regional trade in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the currency union (CU) effect on aggregate intra-trade in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and on bilateral trade among individual countries using the gravity model. Design/methodology/approach – Using panel dynamic ordinary least square, we examined the short- and long-run CU effect on aggregate intra-ECOWAS trade and bilateral trade among ECOWAS countries from 1995 to 2010. Chow poolability test was conducted for the appropriateness of pooling the cross-section parameters as against individual model. The augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test; the Phillips–Perron (PP) test; and the Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt and Shin (KPSS) test were conducted on the individual data series, and the Levin, Lin and Chu test; the Im, Pesaran and Shin test; the Breitung test; and the Hadri test were used for testing cross-sectional independent panel unit root tests. Kao panel cointegration test was conducted to identify long-run relationships. Find.
Statistical downscaling of general circulation model outputs to catchment scale hydroclimatic variables: issues, challenges and possible solutions

The aim of this paper is to discuss the issues and challenges associated with statistical downscaling of general circulation model (GCM) outputs to hydroclimatic variables at catchment scale and also to discuss potential solutions to address these issues and challenges. Outputs of GCMs (predictors of statistical downscaling models) suffer a considerable degree of uncertainty, mainly due to the lack of theoretical robustness caused by the limited understanding of various physical processes of the atmosphere and the incomplete mathematical representation of those processes in GCMs. The presence of several future GHG emission scenarios with equal likelihood of occurrence leads to scenario uncertainty. Outputs of a downscaling study are dependent on the quality and the length of the record of field observations, as statistical downscaling models are calibrated and validated against these observations of the hydroclimatic variables (predictands of statistical downscaling models). The downscaled results vary from one statistical downscaling technique to another due to different representations of the predictor–predictand relationships. Also different techniques used in selecting the predictors for statistical downscaling models influence the model outputs. Although statistical downscaling faces these issues, it is still considered as a potential method of predicting the catchment scale hydroclimatology from GCM outputs.
Psychometric properties of the Aggression Questionnaire: A replication in a sample of partner‐assaultive men in psychological treatment

Abstract Background: The Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992) is one of the most widely used validated self‐report measures to assess aggression. This study analyzes the factorial structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the AQ in a Spanish sample with high levels of violence. Method: The questionnaire was administered to 767 partnerassaultive men undergoing psychological treatment. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the four‐factor structure. Also, positive correlations between the AQ and other instruments measuring aggression were found, finding that aggression and anger decrease with age in this sample. Conclusions: The results obtained showed that the AQ is a suitable instrument to assess aggression, anger, and hostility in partnerassaultive men. Resumen Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Agresión: una replicación en una muestra de maltratadores en tratamiento psicológico. Antecedentes: el Cuestionario de Agresión (Buss & Perry, 1992) constituye una de las medidas de auto‐informe más utilizadas para medir agresión. Este estudio analiza la estructural factorial, consistencia interna y validez convergente del AQ en una muestra española con altos niveles de violencia. Método: el cuestionario fue aplicado a 767 maltratadores que se encontraban bajo tratamiento psicológico. Resultados: los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio apoyan la estructura de cuatro factores. Asimismo, se encontraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el AQ y otros instrumentos que miden agresión, encontrándose que la agresión y la ira disminuyen con la edad en esta muestra. Conclusiones: los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que el AQ es un instrumento adecuado para evaluar agresión, ira y hostilidad en hombres que maltratan a sus parejas. Palabras clave: Cuestionario de Agresión, validación, violencia, relaciones íntimas de pareja.
Poor Practices: contestations around ‘Below Poverty Line’ status in India

Abstract This article has two objectives. First, it interrogates the normative understanding of the identification of poor people as a technical process confined to the domain of experts. The paper analyses the construction of Below Poverty Line (bpl) status in India, and provides evidence for how this is contested at multiple levels of the policy process, through both formal and informal policy practices. Second, the paper uses a case study of a major anti-poverty policy, the Suvarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, to demonstrate how the cumulative outcome of formal and informal policy practices is the erosion of the redistributive intent of policy. The paper emphasises the importance of foregrounding within policy discourse the politically contested nature of the processes of identifying poor people, and of determining their eligibility for anti-poverty policy resources. The typology of policy practices generated calls for deeper recognition of the significant influence of informal policy practices on the policy process in India.
Debt neutrality: theory and evidence from developing countries

This paper reviews the Ricardian-Barro hypothesis and tests the basic postulate of the model for a sample of developing countries including Mexico and Venezuela. Two specifications are utilized, the first is based on the simple consumption model associated with the work of Kormendi (1983). The alternative is based on a model developed by Haque and Montiel (1987). The outcome of the two-stage least square estimation technique rejected the hypothesis in Mexico, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela, all countries, which underwent adjustment programmes. However these results were reversed when the alternative model was utilized due to liquidity constraint and possibly the Yaari-Blanchard effect. The contradictory outcome alludes to the sensitivity of the results to the model specified.
Development of the obstacle detection system combining orientation sensor of smartphone and distance sensor

In the existing walking support system, the range of detection is limited, and it is very difficult to detect obstacles such as a step or a hollow. Therefore, we aim at the development of a new walking support system for a visually-impaired person detecting neighboring obstacles by making use of a smartphone which is a high-performance portable information terminal. In this study, we have developed a walking support system combining the orientation sensor of the smartphone and a small distance sensor at the first stage. When we investigated its precision in detecting an obstacle, it was found that the system could detect obstacles which disturbed the walking of a visually-impaired person such as a step and a wall. We will find an appropriate key to detection to improve the detection precision of the system and make further improvements in the system by trial experiments in the future.
Outage Performance of Underlay Multihop Cognitive Relay Networks With Energy Harvesting

This letter studies the outage performance of multihop cognitive relay networks with energy harvesting in underlay paradigms, wherein the secondary users are powered by a dedicated power beacon (PB) and their transmit powers are subject to the harvested energy from PB and the interference constraint from the primary user. We derive the exact outage probability for Rayleigh block fading and prove that the outage probability is monotonically decreasing with respect to the transmit power of PB. Furthermore, we derive the asymptotic outage probability to study the outage saturation phenomenon and propose an iterative algorithm that jointly optimizes the transmit power of PB and the harvest-to-transmit ratio to approximate the minimum outage probability. Simulation results validate the theoretical results.
Intertemporal Equity and Hartwick's Rule in an Exhaustible Resource Model

In a standard exhaustible resource model, it is known that if, along a competitive path, investment in the augmentable capital good equals the rents on the exhaustible resource (known as Hartwick's rule), then the path is equitable in the sense that the consumption level is constant over time. In this paper, we show the converse of this result: if a competitive path is equitable, then it must satisfy Hartwick's rule.
Option Pricing under Incompleteness and Stochastic Volatility

We consider a very general diffusion model for asset prices which allows the description of stochastic and past-dependent volatilities. Since this model typically yields an incomplete market, we show that for the purpose of pricing options, a small investor should use the minimal equivalent martingale measure associated to the underlying stock price process. Then we present stochastic numerical methods permitting the explicit computation of option prices and hedging strategies, and we illustrate our approach by specific examples.