Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEM: a System for Enumerating Models

Model generation can be regarded as a special case of the Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP). It has many applications in AI, computer science and mathematics. In this paper, we describe SEM, a System for Enumerating finite Models of first-order many-sorted theories. To the best of our knowledge, SEM outperforms any other finite model generation system on many test problems. The high performance of SEM relies on the following two techniques: (a) an efficient implementation of constraint propagation which requires little dynamic allocation of storage; (b) a powerful heuristic which eliminates many isomorphic partial models during the search. We will present the basic algorithm of SEM along with these two techniques. Our experimental results show that general purpose finite model generators are indeed useful in many applications.
Correctness Checking of Bio-chemical Protocol Realizations on a Digital Microfluidic Biochip

Recent advances in digital micro fluidic (DMF) technologies offer a promising platform for a wide variety of bio-chemical applications, such as DNA analysis, automated drug discovery, and toxicity monitoring. For on-chip implementation of complex bioassays, automated synthesis tools are now being used in order to meet the increasing design challenges. Currently, the synthesis tools cycle through a number of complex design steps to realize a given bio-chemical protocol on a target DMF architecture. Thus, several design errors are likely to creep into the synthesis process. Before deploying a DMF biochip on a safety critical system, it is becoming mandatory to ensure that the desired bio-chemical protocol has been correctly implemented, i.e., the synthesized output (actuation sequences for the biochip) is free from any design or realization errors. In this paper, we propose a symbolic constraint-based analysis and verification framework for checking the correctness of a synthesized bio-chemical protocol with respect to the original design specification. The proposed framework detects realization errors and generates diagnostic feedback to indicate the possible sources of design rule violations. We have developed a tool that implements our strategy and we present some experimental results on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Adaptive fuzzy interpolation and extrapolation with multiple-antecedent rules

Adaptive fuzzy interpolation strengthens the potential of fuzzy interpolative reasoning owning to its efficient identification and correction of defective interpolated rules during the interpolation process [11]. This approach assumes that: i) two closest adjacent rules which flank the observation or a previously inferred result are always available; ii) only single-antecedent rules are involved. In practice, however, variable values of these rules may lie just on one side of the observation or inferred result. Also, there may be certain rules with multiple antecedents in the rule base. This paper extends the adaptive approach, in order to cover fuzzy extrapolation and to support rule base with multiple-antecedent rules. Adaptive fuzzy interpolation and extrapolation complement each other, which jointly improve the applicability of fuzzy interpolative reasoning, as it significantly reduces the restriction over the given rule base.
EXPERIENTIAL FUNCTION IN ENGLISH ZONE TEXTBOOK

The aim of this study was to identify the experiential function aspect found in conversation text. They were Process, Participant and Circumtance. There were five chosen conversation texts then they were broken up into single clauses . They were taken from conversation text or clauses found in conversation text in student’s English text book: English Zone . It was found that the conversation texts were categorized as simple text, because they were dominated by the simple cluase. The most dominant Process were Material Process (36.80 %). and Relational Process, meanwhile for Participant, the dominant were Attribution (28.22 %), Attribute ( 19.78%), Goal (17.16%), Actor (15.30%) and Carrier (14.93%), the dominant Circumtances in conversation texts were Location Spatial (28.81%), Manner ( 22.03%), Location Temporal (20.34%). Based on the findinds, it could be said that the conversation texts in those book refered to the natural conversation. there were three kinds of text found, they were Doing text, Saying text and Being text. The conversation texts were dominated by the Doing and Being texts. Doing text means that the texts were dominated by the Material Process, and Being text means that the texts were dominated by the Verbal Process Keywords : Process, Participant, Circumtance, Being, Doing, Saying Texts
Dimensions of coping and anxiety symptoms in a community sample of young children

ABSTRACT Coping style plays an important role in children’s wellbeing. This paper describes the patterns of associations between children’s self-reported coping styles and symptoms of anxiety in order to determine whether particular dimensions are associated with better adjustment. Participants were 2566 children (1268 girls, 1298 boys) aged 7–11 years attending 15 schools in the South East of England. Results showed that aspects of coping were differentially associated with children’s self-reported anxiety. Patterns of association also varied by age and gender. Dimensions of coping were shown to form distinct adaptive and maladaptive coping styles which were also differentially associated with anxiety. Analysis of these styles indicated that it is the absence of maladaptive coping strategies, rather than the presence of adaptive strategies, that is significant in emotional wellbeing. These findings suggest that interventions designed to reduce or extinguish maladaptive coping styles may be of particular benefit in facilitating emotional wellbeing.
Robust layer-based boat detection and multi-target-tracking in maritime environments

In this paper we present a robust solution to detect and track small and distant boats from thermal images captured by a camera mounted on an autonomous platform (buoy or patrol vessel). It is characterized by a multiple-layer and multiple-algorithm architecture, which uses a combination of algorithms relying on complementary image cues to generate detections that are robust with respect to variations of boat appearance, image quality, and environmental conditions. The core component of the image exploitation is a detection layer which provides the results of several detection algorithms in a motion-stabilized scene coordinate frame aligned with the estimated horizon line. In the autonomous system, detections are used to trigger alarms and to facilitate multi-target tracking.
Parallelizing Mudflap Using Thread-Level Speculation on a Chip Multiprocessor

Pointer-use checking is an important technology for detecting pointer and array access errors in unsafe languages like C and C++. However, the large runtime overheads associated with these techniques restrict their usefulness to software development environments. On the other hand, if the execution time overhead from using these techniques can be reduced, not only can they be applied more aggressively during development, but they may also be employed in production settings. Leveraging concurrency between the application and pointer-use checking codes is one possible way to accelerate these systems. The purpose of our study is to study and evaluate the parallelization techniques needed to support concurrent, frequent, fine-grained pointer-use checking code on CMPs. To carry out this study, we selected Mudflap, a widely distributed pointer-use checking tool integrated into GCC. We have analyzed the implementation of Mudflap and identified Thread-Level Speculation as a promising approach for parallelization. We have implemented a parallelized version of Mudflap as an extension to the POSH compiler.
Overview of Automatic Stuttering Recognition System

Stuttering is a speech disorder. The flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongation of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks in communication. Stuttering is an interest subject of researchers from many various domains such as speech physiology & pathology, psychology, acoustic and signal analysis. Thus there are many researchers have been done previously. This paper presents an overview of previous works on automatic stuttering recognition system. Normally, classification of speech disorder is difficult and complicated. However some classification techniques associated with stuttering are commonly recognized. This paper review on classification techniques are utilized in automatic stuttering recognition for evaluating speech problem for stutterers. Some previous works discussed the different steps involved in recognizing stuttered speech from speech samples. This paper compares different classification techniques proposed by previous researchers. Classification techniques used in previous works are Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM).
Results from 28 Years of Newborn Screening for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Sapporo

Abstract. The primary goal of newborn mass screening (MS) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is the prevention of life-threatening salt-wasting crisis in the most severe forms of CAH, and MS for CAH has been implemented in several countries. We summarize here our experience and results from newborn CAH MS from 1982 to 2010 in Sapporo City. During these 28 yr, the level of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) was determined in MS of samples from 498,147 newborns. During this period, 26 individuals (19 females and 7 males) with 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) were detected. Of the 26 CAH, 20 were classified as having the salt-wasting (SW) form, 4 were classified as having the simple virilizing (SV) form, and 2 were classified as having the noncalssic (NC) form. Therefore, the frequency of the classical type of CAH was 1 in 20,756. In order to improve the effectiveness, we employed high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a second tier test from 2000. During this period, among the recalled babies, 75.4% were born prior to the 37th wk of gestation age, and the recall rate was 5.38% for premature neonates and 0.06% for mature neonates. MS for CAH in Sapporo is effective for the identification of the SW and SV forms of 21-OHD. However, the recall rate of premature babies is still high after the introduction of HPLC as a second tier test.
Overweight is not a comorbidity factor during childhood asthma: the GrowthOb study

While being overweight is a risk factor for subsequent asthma in children, the importance of body mass index (BMI) as a comorbidity factor remains debated. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between being overweight and the characteristics of childhood asthma. The BMI, BMI z-scores and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) grades were evaluated in asthmatic children according to atopic status, symptoms during the past 3 months, exercise breathlessness, treatment and lung function in 6–15-yr-old children with confirmed asthma. 491 asthmatic children (mean±sd age 10.8±2.6 yrs; 179 females) were prospectively enrolled. There were 78 (15.5%) overweight (IOTF grade 1) and eight (1.6%) obese (grade 2) children. The children's BMI z-scores did not differ according to atopy, exacerbation, symptom-free days or treatment. The BMI z-score correlated positively with forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s in females, which could be related to earlier puberty in overweight females (growth spurt with increased volumes). Compared with normal weight children, overweight and obese children had reduced lung volume ratios (functional residual capacity/total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume/TLC), no evidence of airflow limitation and similar symptoms. In conclusion, the observed functional relationships with BMI are not specific to asthma and being overweight is not associated with significant clinical impacts on asthma during childhood.
Getting a Grasp on Tag Collections by Visualising Tag Clusters Based on Higher-order Co-occurrences

Tagging learning resources in repositories or web portals offers a way to meaningfully describe these resources. The more tags there are, however, the more di cult it is to find one's way around the repository, especially when they are user-generated free-text tags. This paper therefore presents a visualisation of tag clusters based on higher-order co-occurrences that allows users of such repositories a plain but simple way of exploring them in an intuitive manner.
Energy Efficient Area Monitoring Using Information Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we are concerned with energy efficient area monitoring using information coverage in wireless sensor networks, where collaboration among multiple sensors can enable accurate sensing of a point in a given area-to-monitor even if that point falls outside the physical coverage of all the sensors. We refer to any set of sensors that can collectively sense all points in the entire area-to-monitor as a full area information cover. We first propose a low-complexity heuristic algorithm to obtain full area information covers. Using these covers, we then obtain the optimum schedule for activating the sensing activity of various sensors that maximizes the sensing lifetime. The scheduling of sensor activity using the optimum schedules obtained using the proposed algorithm is shown to achieve significantly longer sensing lifetimes compared to those achieved using physical coverage. Relaxing the full area coverage requirement to a partial area coverage (e.g., 95% of area coverage as adequate instead of 100% area coverage) further enhances the lifetime.
On the simultaneous construction of sample paths

Sensitivity analysis and optimization within stochastic discrete event simulation require the ability to rapidly estimate performance measures under different parameter values. One technique, termed "rapid learning", aims at enumerating all possible sample paths under different parameter values of the model based on the observed sample path under the nominal parameter value. There are two necessary conditions for this capability: observability, which asserts that every state observed in the nominal path is always richer in terms of feasible events than the states observed in the constructed paths, and constructability, which, in addition to observability, requires that the lifetime of an event has the same distribution as its residual life. This paper asserts that the verification of the observability condition is an NP-hard search problem. This result, in turn, implies that it is algorithmically not possible to find parameter values satisfying observability; hence, it encourages the development of heuristic procedures. Further implications are also discussed.
Mixed Congruential Random Number Generators for Decimal Machines

Random number generators of the mixed congruential type have recently been proposed. They appear to have some advantages over those of the multiplicative type, except that their statistical behavior is unsatisfactory in some cases. It is shown theoretically that a certain class of these mixed generators should be expected to fail statistical tests for randomness. Extensive testing confirms this hypothesis and makes possible a more precise definition of the unsatisfactory class. It is concluded that the advantages of mixed generators can be realized only in special circumstances. On machines with relatively short multiplication times the multiplicative generators are to be preferred.
PERSONAL AUTONOMY AS A KEY FACTOR OF HUMAN SELF-DETERMINATION

The article presents the research on psychological factors of personal autonomy as a self-determination need and as a component of psychological well-being. The analysis was carried out in two directions: within in the theory of self-determination and within the theory of psychological well-being.The greatest influence on autonomy development as a self-determination need have such predictors as goals in life, challenge, self-efficacy, self-acceptance, self-assurance, locus of control-life, locus of control-Self. Predictors that positively affect autonomy as a component of psychological well-being are: self-acceptance, acceptance of aggression, self-confidence, creativity, control, self-esteem.The article determines that autonomy as a self-determination need is based not only on self-acceptance with all advantages and disadvantages, but also on existence of a goal in life and personal internal powers to achieve this goal. Autonomy, as it is understood in the theory of psychological well-being, is a necessary, but insufficient condition for self-determination. For formation and development of self-determination it is necessary to have a life purpose that gives meaningfulness to human life.
A Novel Three-Phase Active Power Filter Based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory

This paper presents a novel three-phase active power filter (APF). The control for this active power filter is based on the Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory (IRPT), which also knows as the p-q theory. APF is connected to non-linear and unbalanced load by shunt and the p-q theory application allows a compensation strategy-constant power. When APF is connected, the instantaneous power supplied by the source is constant. In this paper, the p-q theory is reformulated without using mapping matrices, which makes to obtain the compensation currents easier. Compared with conventional p-q and p-q-r theory, the different cases are considered and then simulated in order to show validity of the instantaneous reactive power theory. The practical cases at MATLAB simulation has been given to verify the theoretical analysis.
Flayer: Exposing Application Internals

Flayer is a tool for dynamically exposing application innards for security testing and analysis. It is implemented on the dynamic binary instrumentation framework Valgrind [17] and its memory error detection plug-in, Memcheck [21]. This paper focuses on the implementation of Flayer, its supporting libraries, and their application to software security. Flayer provides tainted, or marked, data flow analysis and instrumentation mechanisms for arbitrarily altering that flow. Flayer improves upon prior taint tracing tools with bit-precision. Taint propagation calculations are performed for each value-creating memory or register operation. These calculations are embedded in the target application's running code using dynamic instrumentation. The same technique has been employed to allow the user to control the outcome of conditional jumps and step over function calls. Flayer's functionality provides a robust foundation for the implementation of security tools and techniques. In particular, this paper presents an effective fault injection testing technique and an automation library, LibFlayer. Alongside these contributions, it explores techniques for vulnerability patch analysis and guided source code auditing. Flayer finds errors in real software. In the past year, its use has yielded the expedient discovery of flaws in security critical software including OpenSSH and OpenSSL.
Development of a Learner Autonomy Scale

In distance learning educational context, learner autonomy is an element of research since the decade of 1970. Consequently, there are a lot of theoretical and empirical research of learner autonomy in distance learning trying either to conceptualizing it or to measure it. There are at least eight scales for measuring learner autonomy but all of them have been developed in a different socio-educational context and although it is not a mistake to be used in different socio-educational context it is more appropriate to develop a new one for the specific context. Therefore the aim of this study was to develop a learner autonomy scale that can be used in the context of the Open University of Cyprus and provide psychometric evidence of reliability and validity of the interpretation of the scores derived from the scale. First, the concept of learner autonomy was clarified through literature review. Second information on students’ beliefs and feelings about their learner autonomy was gathered. On the basis of the afore-mentioned procedures, an item pool was developed and was given to fourteen (14) university expertise of distance learning in order to evaluate the items and ensure content validity. Reliability and validity were then tested using exploratory factor analysis with a sample of two hundred and fiftyeight (258) undergraduate and postgraduate students from the Open University of Cyprus. Principal component analysis with oblimin rotation was used to determine the sufficient number of factors. The extraction of the number of factors was based on a) the theory; b) the scree plot test; c) eigenvalue-greater-than-one rule; d) the percentage of explained variance of each factor; e) the percentage of total explained variance and f) the number of factors that can be conceptually interpreted. Four dimensions of learner autonomy, namely, a) special ability to self-management, b) special psychological disposition, c) general ability to self-management and d) general psychological disposition, were revealed. The first factor explained 22.84% of the variance, the second factor 9.13% of the variance, the third factor 7.06% of the variance and the fourth factor 6.36% of the variance. Though some items in this scale were similar to those of other scales, factorial structure was different. Three different possible explanations proposed. The first was based on the differentiations of the educational environments the second on the fact that learner autonomy is a complex concept and therefore different conceptualizations of the term lead to different measurement scales and the third was based on the fact that all the scales measure perceived (form the student perspective) learner autonomy. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale was . 85, for the factor of special ability to self-management was . 82, b) for the factor of specific psychological disposition was . 65, c) for the factor of general self-management capacity was . 76 and for the factor of general psychological disposition was . 48. Finally, the Pillai's Trace showed no statistically significant gender differences in the four factors
Continuum percolation and the liquid-solid coexistence line of simple fluids

We compare the percolation loci for chemical clusters with the liquid-solid transition in the temperature-density phase diagram. Chemical clusters are defined as sets of particles connected through particle-particle bonds that last for a given time tau. By using molecular dynamics simulations of a Lennard-Jones system we obtain the percolation loci at different values of tau as the lines in the temperature-density plane at which the system presents a spanning cluster in 50 percent of the configurations. We find that the percolation loci for chemical clusters shifts rapidly towards high densities as tau is increased. For moderate values of tau this line coincides with the low-density branch of the liquid-solid coexistence curve. This implies that no stable chemical clusters can be found in the fluid phase. In contrast, the percolation loci for physical clusters -sets of particles that remain close together at every instant for a given period tau- tends to a limiting line, as tau tends to infinity, which is far from the liquid-solid transition line.
The Influence of Colour on the Size-Weight Illusion: Redefining Expectation

ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED . x ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . 10 2.1 GRIP FORCE AND LOAD FORCE COUPLING . 10 2.2 INTERNAL MODELS . 12 2.3 SIZE-WEIGHT ILLUSION . 14 2.4 THE EXPECTATION MODEL . 17 2.5 COLOUR & WEIGHT PERCEPTION . 19 2.6 NEW DISCOVERIES . 21 2.7 CONCLUSION . 22 CHAPTER 3: METHODS . 24 3.1 PARTICIPANTS . 24 3.2 APPARATUS . 24 3.3 PROCEDURE . 27 3.3.1 GROUP 1: STIMULI WITH THE SAME COLOUR . 28 3.3.2 GROUP 2: SWI STIMULI WITH DIFFERENT COLOURS . 29 3.4 DATA COLLECTION . 29