Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocals in Malagasy

We analyze the highly productive reciprocal morphology in Malagasy (Madagascar) as a phrasal affix that combines with two place predicates (P2s), possibly complex, reducing valency by one. We argue for our analysis over one in which reciprocal morphology originates as an argument of the verb and incorporates into it.
Proline mutations induce negative‐dosage effects on uptake velocity of the dopamine transporter

Ala and Gly substitutions for Pro 101 (P101) located in transmembrane domain 2 of the dopamine transporter (DAT) abolished transport activity but did not disrupt plasma membrane expression. Due to the high conservation of P101 in all neurotransmitter transporters and the capability of Pro to add flexibility to helices, we hypothesized that P101 contributes to the dynamic feature of substrate translocation. To test this hypothesis, here we analysed transport activity for DAT mutants where this Pro was mutated into different amino acids, including Ser, Val, Leu and Phe. The transmembrane domain 2 helix of P101F, unlike the other mutants, was computationally predicted to have a Van der Waals energy threefold higher than the wild‐type helix. P101F mutant expression was consistently disrupted in COS cells. Among all the other mutants that express normally, P101V, with a side‐chain size close to that of Pro, restores the transport activity of P101A by sevenfold. Most importantly, P101V, P101L and P101S display negative‐dosage effects on dopamine (DA) transport, i.e. the velocity–concentration curve for DA uptake does not show a plateau with increasing [DA] but rather peaks and then goes down. These data support the view that P101 of DAT plays an essential role in DA translocation.
‘‘Dynamic branding’’: The case of Oprah Winfrey

This paper offers an analysis of the Oprah Winfrey talk show's success as emanating from an ideal typical form of branding that we term “dynamic branding”, in which the gap between production and consumption is almost entirely bridged. Oprah has managed to maintain a dynamic relationship with her viewers based on multiple feedback and feed-forward processes in which consumers' concerns are immediately translated into Oprah's performed identity in her talk show. Such an ongoing exchange of information with her viewers was the basis for Oprah's performance of her own self as a “failed self” embattled with the problems of everyday life, thus creating an equalitarian relationship with her audience. The success of Oprah's brand identity thus derives from its content as much as from the mode of its construction, a mode which involves an intimate and adaptive relationship with consumers that enables Oprah to immediately respond to and incorporate viewers' concerns, values and norms. This paper analyzes in detail Oprah's performed identity with analytical tools informed by linguistic anthropology and brings it into conversation with contemporary branding theories.
Comparison of fluid leakage from four different cuffed pediatric endotracheal tubes using a pediatric airway simulation model

This study used an airway model to compare the ability of a pediatric endotracheal tube with a taper‐shaped cuff to prevent microaspiration relative to endotracheal tubes with conventional cuffs. Four different types of 5.0‐mm inner diameter cuffed pediatric endotracheal tubes (taper‐shaped cuff [Taper], high‐volume low‐pressure [Hi‐Lo], middle‐volume low‐pressure [Intermediate], and low‐volume low‐profile [Lo‐Pro]) were fixed within vertically placed acrylic tubes. The cuffs were maintained at 10, 20, or 30 cmH2O pressure and 3 mL of simulated stomach contents was added to the top of the cuffs. The volume of leakage around the cuffs after 5 min and 4 h was measured. After 5 min, the volume of leakage was significantly lower with the Taper than with the Hi‐Lo, Intermediate, or Lo‐Pro at all pressure settings. After 4 h, leakage was significantly lower with the Taper than with the other three tubes regardless of initial cuff pressure (P < 0.05).
Heterologous HIS3 Marker and GFP Reporter Modules for PCR‐Targeting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have fused the open reading frames of his3‐complementing genes from Saccharomyces kluyveri and Schizosaccharomyces pombe to the strong TEF gene promotor of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. Both chimeric modules and the cognate S. kluyveri HIS3 gene were tested in transformations of his3 S. cerevisiae strains using PCR fragments flanked by 40 bp target guide sequences. The 1·4 kb chimeric Sz. pombe module (HIS3MX6) performed best. With less than 5% incorrectly targeted transformants, it functions as reliably as the widely used geniticin resistance marker kanMX. The rare false‐positive His+ transformants seem to be due to non‐homologous recombination rather than to gene conversion of the mutated endogenous his3 allele. We also cloned the green fluorescent protein gene from Aequorea victoria into our pFA‐plasmids with HIS3MX6 and kanMX markers. The 0·9 kb GFP reporters consist of wild‐type GFP or GFP‐S65T coding sequences, lacking the ATG, fused to the S. cerevisiae ADH1 terminator. PCR‐synthesized 2·4 kb‐long double modules flanked by 40–45 bp‐long guide sequences were successfully targeted to the carboxy‐terminus of a number of S. cerevisiae genes. We could estimate that only about 10% of the transformants carried inactivating mutations in the GFP reporter. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE QUANTITATIVE REVOLUTION IN URBAN GEOGRAPHY

The quantitative revolution in urban-economic geography flourished in the 1960s at a time when United States domestic policy focused on cities, problems of race and poverty, urban renewal and housing, land use and transportation, and environmental pollution. Theoretical work in previous decades in economic geography, spatial analysis, and quantitative social science had set the stage for the 1960s. After computers came along, psychology and economics moved briskly into theoretical areas, with application of quantitative analysis and statistical analysis, while applied mathematics vaguely promised to unify theoretical and applied realms of social science. Geography's main research agendas through the 1950s had been dominated by physical geography and regional analysis, but a new generation of scholars at Washington, Northwestern, Michigan, Ohio State, Chicago, Minnesota, and Penn State pushed ahead with serious attention to theory development and quantification in human geography and statistical cartography. Scholars working on the fringes of other disciplines (e.g., Isard) as well as inside geography (e.g., Hägerstrand, Berry, Garrison, Haggett, Chorley, Harvey) produced work attractive to the new geography. Mayer and Kohn assembled a stimulating reader illustrating theoretical and applied urban problems using the new approaches. Despite advances in the 1960s and early 1970s, the results of the quantitative revolution in human geography in general—and in urban geography in particular—fell well short of their promise. New ideas, approaches, methods, and problems were never fully exploited or pursued. The reasons are unclear—perhaps we should try to find out why. [Key words: theoretical geography, quantitative revolution in geography, history of geography, geographic thought, spatial analysis, quantitative geography. ]
Passive characterization of sopcast usage in residential ISPs

In this paper we present an extensive analysis of traffic generated by SopCast users and collected from operative networks of three national ISPs in Europe. After more than a year of continuous monitoring, we present results about the popularity of SopCast which is the largely preferred application in the studied networks. We focus on analysis of (i) application and bandwidth usage at different time scales, (ii) peer lifetime, arrival and departure processes, (iii) peer localization in the world. Results provide useful insights into users' behavior, including their attitude towards P2P-TV application usage and the consequent generated load on the network, that is quite variable based on the access technology and geographical location. Our findings are interesting to Researchers interested in the investigation of users' attitude towards P2P-TV services, to foresee new trends in the future usage of the Internet, and to augment the design of their application.
HARTFEX: a multi-dimentional system of HMM based recognisers for articulatory features extraction

HARTFEX is a novel system that employs several tiers of HMMs recognisers that work in parallel to extract multi-dimensions of articulatory features. The features segments on the different tiers overlap to account for the co-articulation phenomena. The overlap and precedence relation among features are applied to a phonological parser for further processing. HARTFEX system is built on a modified version of HTK toolkit that allows it to perform multi-thread multi-feature recognition. The system testing results are highly promising. The recognition accuracy for vowel is 98\% and for rhotic is 93%. Current work investigates inherited interdependencies of extracting different feature sets.
A Potential Pathway for Galactose Metabolism in Cucumis sativus L., A Stachyose Transporting Species.

Conversion of [(14)C]galactose (Gal) 1-P, UDP-[(14)C]Gal, or UDP-[(14)C]glucose to [(14)C]sucrose was observed when cell-free homogenates of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit peduncles were incubated with individual (14)C-labeled substrates, appropriate cofactors, and fructose. The sucrose product was labeled only in the glucose moiety. Conversion of [(14)C]Gal-1-P to [(14)C]sucrose was catalyzed by extracts of peduncles from all other stachyose transporting species tested, as well as green bean (a sucrose transporter) but was not catalyzed by peduncle extracts from three other sucrose transporting species. In cucumber, the ability of extracts to form [(14)C]sucrose from [(14)C]Gal-1-P was greater when peduncles were harvested from growing fruit than from unpollinated ovaries. [(14)C]Sucrose formation from [(14)C]Gal-1-P was inhibited by Mg . PPi, Mg . UDP, UMP, and sucrose. alpha-Galactosidase, galactokinase, UDP-gal pyrophosphorylase, UDP-Gal-4'-epimerase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, and sucrose synthase activities were detected in peduncle extracts. Neither sucrose phosphate synthetase nor hexose-1-P uridyltransferase were detected. Peduncle tissue contained a small pool of free galactose. These results suggest a potential pathway for the metabolism of galactose moieties hydrolyzed from stachyose, the major sugar transported by cucumber plants.
Audiological assessment of children with complex needs

Abstract More children with complex needs are being referred for cochlear implant assessment. Part of the assessment to determine whether the child is suitable for a cochlear implant and when tuning the implant itself is to try to obtain accurate threshold responses to acoustic or electrical stimuli. The behavioural and objective tests of hearing used to do this are outlined along with some of the issues when performing these tests on children with complex needs. Just because a child has complex needs as well as deafness should not mean they are ruled out for consideration for cochlear implantation. However there are issues which need to be addressed with the family prior to a decision. There is a lack of pre-operative candidature criteria and post-operative outcome measures specific for children with complex needs. A greater evidence base is needed to allow informed decisions to be made.
An attention‐based view on service orientation in the business strategy of manufacturing companies

Purpose – This article seeks to answer the following research question: How does the focus of attention and situated attention contribute to the formulation and implementation of the service orientation in the business strategy? Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling is used as a research methodology.Findings – The paper suggests that the formation and implementation of service orientation in the business strategy is influenced strongly by managerial attention.Research limitations/implications – The results suggest that a survey is suitable for investigating managerial cognition and attention, but future research should benefit from obtaining data on managerial attention through interviews or secondary data such as company documents.Practical implications – The main effect on strategy implementation and the moderating role of situated attention suggest that managers should be aware of the potential inertia by implementing a service‐oriented business strategy. The main effects for strat.
A Study of the Effect of the Fringe Fields on the Electrostatic Force in Vertical Comb Drives

The equation that describes the relationship between the applied voltage and the resulting electrostatic force within comb drives is often used to assist in choosing the dimensions for their design. This paper re-examines how some of these dimensions—particularly the cross-sectional dimensions of the comb teeth—affect this relationship in vertical comb drives. The electrostatic forces in several vertical comb drives fabricated for this study were measured and compared to predictions made with four different mathematical models in order to explore the amount of complexity required within a model to accurately predict the electrostatic forces in the comb drives.
The effect of neutral and negative colour photographs on children's item directed forgetting

Intentional forgetting is an active process relying on cognitive mechanisms (e.g., rehearsal strategies and inhibition) developing during the elementary school years. Colour photographs might be rehearsed differently in memory than words, and therefore result in a different developmental pattern of intentional forgetting than previously acknowledged. Moreover, negative material is thought to be particularly reliant upon inhibitory mechanisms in order not to be encoded in memory. Thus, children's item-directed forgetting (DF) might develop differently both in relation to colour photographs in general and for negative pictorial stimuli in particular. The aim of the present study was to investigate item DF for colour photographs of neutral and negative valence in sixty-five school-aged children (8–12 years of age). In the present study, a DF effect was revealed irrespective of age for neutral images as well as negative images. Results are discussed in relation to potential mechanisms underlying item DF for colour photographs and how these affect development of intentional forgetting.
International Education and International Competence in the United States.

Americans frequently tell themselves and are told by others that we are a parochial lot, ignorant of world geography, people and events. This self-definition of parochialism is reinforced by the periodic release of the results of public opinion surveys showing that a large proportion of the population is ignorant of some international fact. A typical case is a Gallup survey of 10,820 18to 25-year olds in ten countries conducted for the National Geographic Society in the spring of 1988. It found that:
Measuring the Effects of Workloss on Productivity with Team Production

Using data from a survey of 800 managers in 12 industries, we find empirical support for the hypothesis that the cost associated with missed work varies across jobs according to the ease with which a manager can find a perfect replacement for the absent worker, the extent to which the worker functions as part of a team, and the time sensitivity of the worker's output. We then estimate wage 'multipliers' for 35 different jobs, where the multiplier is defined as the cost to the firm of an absence as a proportion (often greater than one) of the absent worker's daily wage. The median multiplier is 1.28, which supports the view that the cost to the firm of missed work is often greater than the wage.
Visualizing Group Structures in Graphs: A Survey

Graph visualizations encode relationships between objects. Abstracting the objects into group structures provides an overview of the data. Groups can be disjoint or overlapping, and might be organized hierarchically. However, the underlying graph still needs to be represented for analyzing the data in more depth. This work surveys research in visualizing group structures as part of graph diagrams. A particular focus is the explicit visual encoding of groups, rather than only using graph layout to indicate groups implicitly. We introduce a taxonomy of visualization techniques structuring the field into four main categories: visual node attributes vary properties of the node representation to encode the grouping, juxtaposed approaches use two separate visualizations, superimposed techniques work with two aligned visual layers, and embedded visualizations tightly integrate group and graph representation. The derived taxonomies for group structure and visualization types are also applied to group visualizations of edges. We survey group‐only, group–node, group–edge and group–network tasks that are described in the literature as use cases of group visualizations. We discuss results from evaluations of existing visualization techniques as well as main areas of application. Finally, we report future challenges based on interviews we conducted with leading researchers of the field.
Cut, Glue, &amp; Cut: A Fast, Approximate Solver for Multicut Partitioning

Recently, unsupervised image segmentation has become increasingly popular. Starting from a superpixel segmentation, an edge-weighted region adjacency graph is constructed. Amongst all segmentations of the graph, the one which best conforms to the given image evidence, as measured by the sum of cut edge weights, is chosen. Since this problem is NP-hard, we propose a new approximate solver based on the move-making paradigm: first, the graph is recursively partitioned into small regions (cut phase). Then, for any two adjacent regions, we consider alternative cuts of these two regions defining possible moves (glue & cut phase). For planar problems, the optimal move can be found, whereas for non-planar problems, efficient approximations exist. We evaluate our algorithm on published and new benchmark datasets, which we make available here. The proposed algorithm finds segmentations that, as measured by a loss function, are as close to the ground-truth as the global optimum found by exact solvers. It does so significantly faster then existing approximate methods, which is important for large-scale problems.
See the Tree Through the Lines: The Shazoo Algorithm

Predicting the nodes of a given graph is a fascinating theoretical problem with applications in several domains. Since graph sparsification via spanning trees retains enough information while making the task much easier, trees are an important special case of this problem. Although it is known how to predict the nodes of an unweighted tree in a nearly optimal way, in the weighted case a fully satisfactory algorithm is not available yet. We fill this hole and introduce an efficient node predictor, SHAZOO, which is nearly optimal on any weighted tree. Moreover, we show that SHAZOO can be viewed as a common nontrivial generalization of both previous approaches for unweighted trees and weighted lines. Experiments on real-world datasets confirm that SHAZOO performs well in that it fully exploits the structure of the input tree, and gets very close to (and sometimes better than) less scalable energy minimization methods.
Predicting user Activities in the Sequence of Mobile Context for Ambient Intelligence Environment using Dynamic Bayesian Network

Recently, mobile devices became essential mediums in order to implement ambient intelligence. Since people can always keep these mobile devices, it is easy for them to collect diverse user information. Therefore, many research groups have attempted to provide useful services based on this ubiquitous information. This paper proposes a method to predict user activity in the sequence of mobile context. In order to conduct accurate prediction of activity among various patterns, we have considered user activity, place, time and day of week as mobile context. We have used dynamic Bayesian network to model the user activity patterns with this context, and learned the model of each individual to obtain better model. For experiments, we have collected the mobile logs of undergraduate students, and confirmed that the proposed method produced good performance.
Evaluation of Eye Irritation Potential of Solid Substance with New 3D Reconstructed Human Cornea Model, MCTT HCETM

The eye irritation potential of drug candidates or pharmaceutical ingredients should be evaluated if there is a possibility of ocular exposure. Traditionally, the ocular irritation has been evaluated by the rabbit Draize test. However, rabbit eyes are more sensitive to irritants than human eyes, therefore substantial level of false positives are unavoidable. To resolve this species difference, several three-dimensional human corneal epithelial (HCE) models have been developed as alternative eye irritation test methods. Recently, we introduced a new HCE model, MCTT HCETM which is reconstructed with non-transformed human corneal cells from limbal tissues. Here, we examined if MCTT HCETM can be employed to evaluate eye irritation potential of solid substances. Through optimization of washing method and exposure time, treatment time was established as 10 min and washing procedure was set up as 4 times of washing with 10 mL of PBS and shaking in 30 mL of PBS in a beaker. With the established eye irritation test protocol, 11 solid substances (5 non-irritants, 6 irritants) were evaluated which demonstrated an excellent predictive capacity (100% accuracy, 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity). We also compared the performance of our test method with rabbit Draize test results and in vitro cytotoxicity test with 2D human corneal epithelial cell lines.
Optimal Distributed Power Allocation for Decode-and-Forward Relay Networks

This paper presents a fully distributed power allocation al gorithm for decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks with a large number of sources, relays, and destination nodes. The well known mathematical decomposition based distributed optimization techniques cannot directly be applied to DF relay networks, because the achievable rate of DF relaying is not strictly co ncave, and thus the local power allocation subproblem may have non-unique solutions. We resolve this non-strict concavity problem by using the idea of proximal point method, which adds some quadratic terms to make the objective function strictly concave. While traditional proximal point methods require a two-layer nested iteration structure, our proposed algorithm has a single-layer iteration structure , which is desirable for on-line implementation. Moreover, our algorithm only needs local information exchange among the source, relay, and destination nodes of each DF relay link, and can easily adapt to variations of network size and topology. In this paper, we establish the convergence and optimality of our fully distributed single-layer iterative algorithm. Numerical results are provided to illustrate the benefits of our proposed algorithm. Index terms− Decode-and-forward, distributed power allocation, wireless relay network.