Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NP Versus DP Reflexives: Evidence from Malagasy

This article examines the Malagasy anaphor tena 'body. It is shown that this anaphor is a bare noun (NP) and therefore has a highly restricted distribution. Tena is then contrasted with another anaphor-like element, ny tenany 'her/his body'. It is argued that ny tenany is not an anaphor, per se, but a complex nominal (DP) with a possessive pronoun that need not be bound.
Measuring Religiosity/Spirituality: Theoretical Differentiations and Categorization of Instruments

There is a multitude of instruments for measuring religiosity/spirituality. Many of these questionnaires are used or even were developed in the context of studies about the connection between religiosity/spirituality and health. Thus, it seems crucial to note that measures can focus on quite different components along a hypothetical path between stressors and health. We present an instructive model which helps to identify these different components and allows the categorization of instruments of religiosity/spirituality according to their primary measurement intention: intensity/centrality, resources, needs, coping, and quality of life/well-being. Furthermore, we point out possibilities as to how religiosity and spirituality can be differentiated. We argue that the distinction between religiosity and spirituality is important in countries with a more secular background where a growing number of people identify themselves as “spiritual, but not religious”.
Mga, a dual‐specificity transcription factor that interacts with Max and contains a T‐domain DNA‐binding motif

The basic‐helix‐loop‐helix‐leucine zipper (bHLHZip) proteins Myc, Mad and Mnt are part of a transcription activation/repression system involved in the regulation of cell proliferation. The function of these proteins as transcription factors is mediated by heterodimerization with the small bHLHZip protein Max, which is required for their specific DNA binding to E‐box sequences. We have identified a novel Max‐interacting protein, Mga, which contains a Myc‐like bHLHZip motif, but otherwise shows no relationship with Myc or other Max‐interacting proteins. Like Myc, Mad and Mnt proteins, Mga requires heterodimerization with Max for binding to the preferred Myc–Max‐binding site CACGTG. In addition to the bHLHZip domain, Mga contains a second DNA‐binding domain: the T‐box or T‐domain. The T‐domain is a highly conserved DNA‐binding motif originally defined in Brachyury and characteristic of the Tbx family of transcription factors. Mga binds the preferred Brachyury‐binding sequence and represses transcription of reporter genes containing promoter‐proximal Brachyury‐binding sites. Surprisingly, Mga is converted to a transcription activator of both Myc–Max and Brachyury site‐containing reporters in a Max‐dependent manner. Our results suggest that Mga functions as a dual‐specificity transcription factor that regulates the expression of both Max‐network and T‐box family target genes.
Predicting violence in schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients: A prospective study

This study examined predictors of violence in schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic mental health patients. Data were obtained for a sample of 304 adult male patients who were admitted for short-term emergency treatment and consisted of mental hospital admission records, arrest records, and interview data on demographic, early history, and current situational variables. Subjects were classified as violent or non-violent during a 1-year follow-up period based on arrest and readmission records. The sample was divided into schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic groups, and a discriminant analysis was conducted for each group using intake data as independent variables to predict violent recidivism. The results indicated some patterns of different predictors for the two groups. Life events, substance abuse, and self-reported arrests for violent crime were predictive of subsequent violence for non-schizophrenic patients but not for schizophrenic patients. Selfreported incidents of violence other than arrests predicted subsequent violence for schizophrenic but not for non-schizophrenic patients. Classification results for both groups were excellent, with 88.1% and 92.9% correct classification and 17.6% and 9.4% false positive rates for schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic patients, respectively.
On The Stability of Video Detection and Tracking

In this paper, we study an important yet less explored aspect in video detection and tracking -- stability. Surprisingly, there is no prior work that tried to study it. As a result, we start our work by proposing a novel evaluation metric for video detection which considers both stability and accuracy. For accuracy, we extend the existing accuracy metric mean Average Precision (mAP). For stability, we decompose it into three terms: fragment error, center position error, scale and ratio error. Each error represents one aspect of stability. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the stability metric has low correlation with accuracy metric. Thus, it indeed captures a different perspective of quality. Lastly, based on this metric, we evaluate several existing methods for video detection and show how they affect accuracy and stability. We believe our work can provide guidance and solid baselines for future researches in the related areas.
Predisposition to atherosclerosis in the head, heart, and legs. The Framingham study.

Findings from a 16-year follow-up study of 5,209 Framingham adults indicate that blood pressure, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and glucose intolerance are precursors common to all three major atherosclerotic events—atherosclerotic brain infarction (ABI), coronary heart disease (CHD), and intermittent claudication (IC). The dominant factor predisposing to ABI is high blood pressure. None is clearly dominant for CHD. Glucose intolerance is only weakly related to this disease while cigarette smoking is related weakly (if at all) to angina pectoris. All five factors play an important role in IC. In general, relationships appear to be as strong for women as men. When all five variables are considered jointly, they have a closer relationship with ABI and IC than with CHD, and equally strong relationships in every age group between 45 and 74 years of age.
Fast algorithm of coding unit depth decision for HEVC intra coding

The emerging high efficiency video coding standard (HEVC) achieves significantly better coding efficiency than all existing video coding standards. The quad tree structured coding unit (CU) is adopted in HEVC to improve the compression efficiency, but this causes a very high computational complexity because it exhausts all the combinations of the prediction unit (PU) and transform unit (TU) in every CU attempt. In order to alleviate the computational burden in HEVC intra coding, a fast CU depth decision algorithm is proposed in this paper. The CU texture complexity and the correlation between the current CU and neighbouring CUs are adaptively taken into consideration for the decision of the CU split and the CU depth search range. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides 39.3% encoder time savings on average compared to the default encoding scheme in HM-RExt-13.0 with only 0.6% BDBR penalty in coding performance.
The mechanism of the resistance to stretch of isometrically contracting single muscle fibres

Rapid attachment to actin of the detached motor domain of myosin dimers with one motor domain already attached has been hypothesized to explain the stretch‐induced changes in X‐ray interference and stiffness of active muscle. Here, using half‐sarcomere mechanics in single frog muscle fibres (2.15 μm sarcomere length and 4°C), we show that: (1) an increase in stiffness of the half‐sarcomere under stretch is specific to isometric contraction and does not occur in rigor, indicating that the mechanism of stiffness increase is an increase in the number of attached motors; (2) 2 ms after 100 μs stretches (amplitude 2–8 nm per half‐sarcomere) imposed during an isometric tetanus, the stiffness of the array of myosin motors in each half‐sarcomere (em) increases above the isometric value (em0); (3) em has a sigmoidal dependence on the distortion of the motor domains (Δz) attached in isometric contraction, with a maximum ∼2 em0 for a distortion of ∼6 nm; em is influenced by detachment of motors at Δz > 6 nm; (4) at the end of the 100 μs stretch the relation between em/em0 and Δz lies slightly but not significantly above that at 2 ms. These results support the idea that stretch‐induced sliding of the actin filament distorts the actin‐attached motor domain of the myosin dimers away from the centre of the sarcomere, providing the steric conditions for rapid attachment of the second motor domain. The rate of new motor attachment must be as high as 7.5 × 104 s−1 and explains the rapid and efficient increase of the resistance of active muscle to stretch.
Development of the synthetic aperture radiometer ESTAR and the next generation

ESTAR is a research instrument built to develop the technology of aperture synthesis for passive remote sensing of Earth from space. Aperture synthesis is an interferometric technology that addresses the problem of putting large antenna apertures in space to achieve the spatial resolution needed for remote sensing at long wavelengths. ESTAR was a first step (synthesis only across track and only at horizontal polarization). The development has progressed to a new generation instrument that is dual polarized and does aperture synthesis in two dimensions. Among the plans for the future is technology to combine active and passive remote sensing
Shell-like structures in the ISM: Observation versus simulations

The interstellar medium in galaxies is a turbulent environment with a plethora of holes, bubbles and shells. All these shell-like structures are thought to be closely related to the formation, evolution and death of stars. In most cases, they are likely created by the winds of OB stars and supernovae. The material collected along the borders of shells may fragment, become unstable under its own gravity, and create a new generation of stars. This is a variant of triggered star formation referred to as the collect-and-collapse scenario. The aim of our research is to compare numerical simulations of shell-like structures to observations and to search for and investigate regions of triggered star formation in the Milky Way.
Using salience to segment desktop activity into projects

Knowledge workers must manage large numbers of simultaneous, ongoing projects that collectively involve huge numbers of resources (documents, emails, web pages, calendar items, etc). An activity database that captures the relationships among projects, resources, and time can drive a variety of tools that save time and increase productivity. To maximize net time savings, we would prefer to build such a database automatically, or with as little user effort as possible. In this paper, we present several sets of features and algorithms for predicting the project associated with each action a user performs on the desktop. Key to our methods is salience, the notion that more recent activity is more informative. By developing novel features that represent salience, we were able to learn models that outperform both a simple benchmark and an expert system tuned specifically for this task on real-world data from five users.
RISK‐TAKING, DANGEROUS BEHAVIOUR IN CHILDHOOD: CHILD PROTECTION AND CLINICAL STRATEGIES

This paper describes the findings of qualitative clinical research into risk‐taking, dangerous behaviour in childhood using a post‐Kleinian psychoanalytic approach undertaken by a Child Psychotherapist working in a local CAMHS. The purpose of the research was to find a way of understanding this behaviour using psychoanalytic thinking and comparing material from a number of cases across a wide age range (grouped into three age bands). Three different situations were identified in which risk‐taking, dangerous behaviour occurred and these were named no‐haven, illusory‐haven and perilous‐haven. All three havens are dangerous for children. For each haven there is a different prognosis and a different strategy.
Extension of  $N$-Continuous OFDM Precoder Matrix for Improving Error Rate

The modulation technique of N-continuous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has lower sidelobes than those of the original OFDM as a result of the continuous connection with higher-order derivatives between the OFDM symbols. Compared with the other sidelobe suppression schemes, for example, cancellation carrier insertion, and windowing, N-continuous OFDM does not require an extended guard interval nor the insertion of a wide guard band or cancellation carriers. However, N-continuous OFDM requires an iterative algorithm to remove the correction symbols from received symbols at the receiver and the large power of the correction symbols in the high-frequency area results in unavailable bandwidth. Here, we propose an extension of the N-continuous OFDM precoder matrix that flattens the bias power caused by the correction symbols in all frequency areas. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method improves the error rate performance without degrading the sidelobe suppression performance. The proposed method can also reduce the unavailable bandwidth.
Predicting Protein Function by Multi-Label Correlated Semi-Supervised Learning

Assigning biological functions to uncharacterized proteins is a fundamental problem in the postgenomic era. The increasing availability of large amounts of data on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) has led to the emergence of a considerable number of computational methods for determining protein function in the context of a network. These algorithms, however, treat each functional class in isolation and thereby often suffer from the difficulty of the scarcity of labeled data. In reality, different functional classes are naturally dependent on one another. We propose a new algorithm, Multi-label Correlated Semi-supervised Learning (MCSL), to incorporate the intrinsic correlations among functional classes into protein function prediction by leveraging the relationships provided by the PPI network and the functional class network. The guiding intuition is that the classification function should be sufficiently smooth on subgraphs where the respective topologies of these two networks are a good match. We encode this intuition as regularized learning with intraclass and interclass consistency, which can be understood as an extension of the graph-based learning with local and global consistency (LGC) method. Cross validation on the yeast proteome illustrates that MCSL consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art methods. Most notably, it effectively overcomes the problem associated with scarcity of label data. The supplementary files are freely available at http://sites.google. com/site/csaijiang/MCSL.
fMRI Classification of Cognitive States Across Multiple Subjects

With the evolvement of fMRI’s, a great amount of attention has been given to classifying cognitive states of human beings. Several machine learning approaches have been used to train single-subject classifiers to do so. We present a different method using a neural network and a RBF SVM to train one classifier across all subjects. For the single-subject classifier case, we experiment with PCA as a feature selection step, as well as train a neural network and a RBF SVM on the preprocessed data to compare its performance to previous results.
Universal Screening in Middle School

Universal screening is a promising approach for identifying students at risk for behavioral and emotional problems. Due to the frequent adolescent onset of behavioral and emotional problems, middle school is an important time for early identification. This study explored the ability of the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System (BESS) to predict behavioral outcomes (i.e., behavioral grades, suspensions, and office disciplinary referrals) in a sample of 694 middle-school students. Both the teacher and student rated BESS forms were able to significantly predict behavioral outcomes. Findings suggest that the BESS can be an effective tool for identifying students at risk of experiencing behavior problems.
Individual income, income distribution, and self rated health in Japan: cross sectional analysis of nationally representative sample

Abstract Objective: To assess the effects on self rated health of individual income and income distribution in Japan. Design: Cross sectional analysis. Data collected on household income, self rated health, and other sociodemographic characteristics at the individual level from comprehensive survey of the living conditions of people on health and welfare in a nationally representative sample from each prefecture. Setting: Prefectures in Japan. Participants: 80 899 people aged >15 years with full records in survey. Main outcome measures: Dichotomous variable for self rated health of each respondent (0 if excellent, very good or good; 1 if fair or poor). Results: Inequality in income at the prefecture level measured by the Gini coefficient was comparable with that in other industrialised countries. Unadjusted odds ratios show a 14% increased risk (odds ratio 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.27) in reporting poor or fair health for individuals living in prefectures with higher inequality in income. After adjustment, individual income was more strongly associated with self rated health than income inequality. Additional inclusion of regional effects showed that median income at the prefecture level was inversely related to self rated health. Conclusions: Individual income, probably relative to the median prefecture income, has a stronger association with self rated health than income inequality at the prefecture level. What is already known on this topic Contrary to the common perception of an egalitarian society, income inequality in Japan has increased rapidly since the late 1980s, though life expectancy continues to increase Individual level studies, exclusively carried out in the United States to assess the independent effects of income inequality on health, have had mixed results What this study adds Individual income levels, probably relative to regional median income, may have more influence on an individual's perceived health than regional income inequality in Japan
Challenges of assuring the development of graduate attributes in a Bachelor of Arts

All universities in Australia are asked to develop various attributes in their degrees. From 2011, the Australian Qualifications Framework has stipulated some of these attributes for the various levels of qualifications. There are many challenges that face assuring the development of graduate attributes in a Bachelor of Arts as the degree typically has very few core units (if any), a wide choice of subjects, a limited prerequisite structure and, unlike many professional degrees, the BA does not have an external accrediting body. This paper describes an approach used to identify the pathway undertaken by each individual student in a History major of the Bachelor of Arts. This pathway was used to identify the graduate attributes that each student should have developed, as articulated by the lecturers. Student perceptions were then compared with the graduate attributes that were intended to be developed through each individual's combination of units studied. In summary, through analysing the two methods (student perceptions and unit pathway) we found that they concurred with respect to only three-quarters of the graduate attributes. Possible reasons for the discrepancies and future research are discussed. The need for multiple methods of providing evidence of the development of graduate attributes is confirmed.
The RDFSuite: Managing Voluminous RDF Description Bases

Metadata are widely used in order to fully exploit information resources available on corporate intranets or the Internet. The Resource Description Framework (RDF) aims at facilitating the creation and exchange of metadata as any other Web data. The growing number of available information resources and the proliferation of description services in various user communities, lead nowadays to large volumes of RDF metadata. Managing such RDF resource descriptions and schemas with existing low-level APIs and le-based implementations does not ensure fast deployment and easy maintenance of realscale RDF applications. In this paper, we advocate the use of database technology to support declarative access, as well as, logical and physical independence for voluminous RDF description bases. We present RDFSuite, a suite of tools for RDF validation, storage and querying. Speci cally, we introduce a formal data model for RDF description bases created using multiple schemas. Compared to the current status of the W3C standard, our model relies on a complete set of validation constraints for the core RDF/S (without rei cation) and provides a richer type system including several basic types as well as union types. Next, we present the design of a persistent RDF Store (RSSDB) for loading resource descriptions in an object-relational DBMS by exploring the available RDF schema knowledge. Our approach preserves the exibility of RDF in re ning schemas and/or enriching descriptions at any time, whilst it ensures good performance for storing and querying voluminous RDF descriptions. Last, we brie y present RQL, a declarative language for querying both RDF descriptions and schemas, and sketch query evaluation on top of RSSDB.
DL-cysteinium semioxalate.

Two chiral counterparts (L- and D-cysteinium cations related by an inversion centre) are present in the structure of the title compound, C(3)H(8)NO(2)S(+). C(2)HO(4)(-), with a 1:1 cation-anion ratio. The carboxy group of the cysteinium cation is protonated in the trans position relative to the amino group. The crystal structure is built up of double layers, in which dimers of cysteinium cations are connected to each other not directly, but via bridges of twisted semioxalate anions linked to each other via O-H.O hydrogen bonds forming infinite chains. An interesting feature of the crystal structure is the absence of either S-H.S or S-H.O hydrogen bonds.
Deriving mutual modes from HPLC fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine with non-negative matrix factorization

Mutual modes derived from Chromatographic fingerprints of high-quality traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can provide standards for quality assessment. This paper demonstrates a new method to apply non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) in deriving mutual mode from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints of TCM. The HPLC fingerprints of the same species of TCM are taken as data set in NMF analysis, from which feature bases containing global features of the original data can be extracted. Reconstruction is performed to utilizing the first feature base and the mutual mode of HPLC fingerprints is obtained by projecting to basis matrix. Satisfactory results have been achieved in the experiment of species identification for Exocarpium Citrus Grandis, which has two primary species, that is, Citius Grandis `Tomentosa' (CGT) and Citius Grandis (L.) Osbeck (CGO). Forty-seven representative batches of CGT collected from GAP in Huazhou (Guangdong Province, China), were served as the original data for mutual mode of CGT. Furthermore, six batches of CGT and six batches of CGO from different places were utilized to test the effectiveness of the mutual mode of CGT. The mutual mode of CGT derived by the proposed NMF-based method can cover the basic information on the whole, since the main representative peaks were contained. Compared with the existing approaches, the similarity results to the proposed mutual mode are more clearly distinguished among different species to some extent. The research indicates that the NMF-based method has a better capability of maintaining and summarizing the data information of original Chromatographic fingerprints and can provide an effective approach to establish the mutual model of HPLC fingerprints of TCM.