Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MEDIATIONAL MODELS WITH MULTIPLE OUTCOMES IN CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDIES

Mediational analysis is used to explain how a predictor affects the outcome through an intervening variable called a mediator. In a cross-sectional study, the predictor, the mediator, and the outcome are measured at single time points and these time points need to be chronologically in the same order. In longitudinal mediational models, the outcome and the mediator are measured over the follow-up period also in the chronological order while the predictor is measured at a single time point.The role of a mediator in cross-sectional mediational models with single outcomes is mostly assessed by two parametric tests, Sobel test and Clogg test. We have extended these tests to multiple outcomes. The extensions also include two bootstrap approaches. Simulation results show that in the presence of moderate correlation between the predictor and the mediator, the extended Clogg test has the most reliable Type I error rate and the highest power. For longitudinal mediational models, we have discussed one scenario where the outcome process and the mediational process are described by linear growth curves. The total indirect effect of the predictor is defined as the effect of the predictor on the initial status and the growth rate of the outcome after accounting for the mediating effect of the initial status and the growth rate of the mediator. Inferential methods for the total indirect effect are proposed, using a formulation by random coefficient models. Results indicate the reliability of the proposed methods with large samples. An illustrative example using University of Pittsburgh Physical Activity Study (PittPAS) is given. The study seeks to investigate an important question about the differential effect of gender, if any, on the exercise behavior in young adulthood in relation to the exercise behavior in adolescence. Using the mediational model, we found the differential effect of gender on physical activity in young adulthood was mediated by the previous physical activities experience in adolescence. The public health significance of the present work lies in the development of statistical procedures using cutting-edge methodologies to handle irregularly observed data, small samples and a finer characterization of the longitudinal outcome and mediational processes.
Differential Secret Sharing in Wireless Networks

This letter utilizes the principle of reciprocity in electromagnetic wave propagation as well as the variations of the wireless channel state to share secrets in wireless networks. In particular, a novel secret sharing mechanism is proposed to share secret bits between two wireless users. Using the Central Limit Theorem, we show that the proposed approach can provide performance guarantee when only limited stochastic information is available. A few properties of the proposed approach are identified to optimize the secret sharing process. Simulation results indicate that compared with the work done by Mathur et al., the proposed mechanism can share secret bits 3-4 times faster with higher probability of success.
“ Tracking Users Mobility Patterns Towards CO 2 Footprint ” Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing

This research work is based on the development of a mobile application and associated central services for tracking users’ movements in a city, identifying the transportation mode and routes performed. This passive tracking generates useful data about users’ habits, which are then associated with the CO2 emission in the form of a mobility invoice, with the goal of enabling the users to understand their carbon footprint resulting from the users’ mobility process in the city. The performance of the developed system is validated through experimental tests based on data collected during six months from more than 2500 mobility experiences.
Power integral bases in a family of sextic fields with quadratic subfields

Abstract Let M = Q(i √d) be any imaginary quadratic field with a positive square-free d. Consider the polynomial f(x) = x3 − ax2 − (a + 3)x − 1 with a parameter a ∈ ℤ. Let K = M(α), where α is a root of f. This is an infinite parametric family of sextic fields depending on two parameters, a and d. Applying relative Thue’s equations we determine the relative power integral bases of these sextic fields over their quadratic subfields. Using these results we also determine generators of (absolute) power integral bases of the sextic fields.
STUDIES IN THE PHYSIOLOGY OF BLOOD VESSELS IN MAN. III. SOME EFFECTS OF RAISING AND LOWERING THE ARM UPON THE PULSE VOLUME AND BLOOD VOLUME OF THE HUMAN FINGER TIP IN HEALTH AND IN CERTAIN DISEASES OF THE BLOOD VESSELS.

This investigation was carried out to throw some light upon the immediate responses of normal and diseased blood vessels to changes in level of the upper extremity. Observations were limited to reactions in the finger tip, defined as that portion of the finger distal to a plane passing through the major dorsal and palmar skin creases at the terminal interphalangeal joint. While the literature abounds in qualitative studies of this nature, quantitative data are rarely encountered. Determinations were made on the effect of passive elevation and depression of the arm upon the volume of pulsations and total blood volume in the finger tip of normal subjects and those with arteriosclerosis, diastolic hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diastolic hypertension and clubbing of the fingers.
Modeled Watershed Runoff Associated with Variations in Precipitation Data , with Implications for Contaminant Fluxes : Initial Results

Precipitation is one of the primary forcing functions of hydrologic and watershed fate and transport models; however, in light of advances in precipitation estimates across watersheds, data remain highly uncertain. A wide variety of simulated and observed precipitation data are available for use in regional air quality models and watershed fate and transport models. Although these single media models can potentially link together to estimate contaminant loadings issuing from watersheds, questions remain concerning how precipitation data from diverse sources used within each model affect water and contaminant mass balances. We assess how two sets of spatially distributed precipitation data, simulated at 12-km grid and 36-km grid resolutions, affect runoff simulated from a spatially distributed grid-based mercury watershed model that has been calibrated using observed precipitation data. We focus on two headwater catchments in the Cape Fear River Basin, NC. Our initial results suggest that precipitation data Golden is a physical scientist, Ecosystems Research Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ Office of Research and Development/ National Exposure Research Laboratory (USEPA/ORD/NERL), Athens, GA 30605. Knightes is an environmental engineer, Ecosystems Research Division, USEPA/ORD/NERL, Athens, GA 30605. Cooter is a meteorologist, Atmospheric Modeling Division, USEPA/ORD/NERL, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Dennis is a senior scientist, Atmospheric Modeling Division, USEPA/ORD/NERL, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Email: Golden.Heather@epa.gov. simulated at a coarse resolution (e.g., 36k-m grid) decreases the efficiency and goodness-of-fit of modeled runoff, but this is watershed specific. Variations in the response to coarse resolution precipitation potentially results from differences in the size and within stream structural modifications of each watershed. These initial results are assessed within the context of a broader project that will also evaluate the effects of radar and empirically-estimated precipitation data sets on modeled runoff and variations in watershed contaminant loading resulting from these diverse precipitation inputs.
Hardware Implementation of AES Encryption and Decryption SystemBased on FPGA

AES algorithm has played an important role in information security field for a long time since Rijndael algorithm was announced as advanced encryption standard. Hardware implementation based on FPGA of AES algorithm has the advantages of fast, flexible, short development cycle, etc. Hardware implementation based on FPGA of AES encryption and decryption system was studied in detail in this paper. First, implementation scheme and key technology to adopt internal and external mixing pipeline structure were determined, and the overall design flow chart was given. Next, this design supports three modes of encryption and decryption process of AES algorithm under the condition of data group of 128 bits, key length of 128, 192 and 256 bits respectively. In the following, system optimization design of AES encryption and decryption algorithm was completed on the same piece of FPGA chip; Finally, coding work and comprehensive compilation were finished by QUARTUS II development tool, and the simulation results by MODELSIM software were also given. In a word, this design realized the balance of resources and speed to a bigger extent.
Reducing Dimensions of Tensors in Type-Driven Distributional Semantics

Compositional distributional semantics is a subfield of Computational Linguistics which investigates methods for representing the meanings of phrases and sentences. In this paper, we explore implementations of a framework based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), in which words with certain grammatical types have meanings represented by multilinear maps (i.e. multi-dimensional arrays, or tensors). An obstacle to full implementation of the framework is the size of these tensors. We examine the performance of lower dimensional approximations of transitive verb tensors on a sentence plausibility/selectional preference task. We find that the matrices perform as well as, and sometimes even better than, full tensors, allowing a reduction in the number of parameters needed to model the framework.
Specific Learning Difficulties School Underachievement and Specific Learning Difficulties Sonali Nag Mphil (clinical

This publication is intended for professionals training or practicing in mental health and not for the general public. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Editor or IACAPAP. This publication seeks to describe the best treatments and practices based on the scientific evidence available at the time of writing as evaluated by the authors and may change as a result of new research. Readers need to apply this knowledge to patients in accordance with the guidelines and laws of their country of practice. Some medications may not be available in some countries and readers should consult the specific drug information since not all dosages and unwanted effects are mentioned. Organizations, publications and websites are cited or linked to illustrate issues or as a source of further information. This does not mean that authors, the Editor or IACAPAP endorse their content or recommendations, which should be critically assessed by the reader. Websites may also change or cease to exist. ©IACAPAP 2012. This is an open-access publication under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License. Use, distribution and reproduction in any medium are allowed without prior permission provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. Send comments about this book or chapter to jmreyATbigpond.net. au Suggested citation: Nag S, Snowling MJ. School underachievement and specific learning difficulties. In Rey JM (ed), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions 2012. Sonali Nag MPhil (Clinical Psych), PhD
Atte Harjanne Engaging Small and Medium Size Enterprises in European Union Funded Research and Development Projects

in Finnish Päivämäärä: 11.3. 2012 Kieli: englanti Sivumäärä: 73 + 16 Avainsanat: Pienet ja keskisuuret yritykset, tutkimusja kehitystoiminta, EU, innovaatiopolitiikka AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PO Box 12100, FI-00076 AALTO http://www.aalto. fi ABSTRACT OF THE MASTER’S THESIS Author: Atte Harjanne Title: Engaging Small and Medium Size Enterprises in European Union Funded Research and Development Projects School: School of Electrical Engineering Department: Department of Communications and Networking (Comnet) Professorship: Networking technology Code: S-38 Supervisor: Professor Jukka Manner Instructor: MSc. (tech.) Mikko Riepula The European Union has stated ensuring competitiveness and sustainable growth and development as strategic goals for the next decades. Both small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and new ICT-innovations are seen to have a significant role in reaching these goals. This is reflected also in the premises of the Future Internet Public Private Partnership (FI PPP), a collaborative R&D programme funded under 7 Framework Programme. This study has been conducted as a part of CONCORD project, which is responsible for the coordination of the FI PPP programme, and aims to find and present means to improve the quantity and quality of SME engagement within the Framework Programmes, FI PPP and individual projects. The study combines extensive literature review and empiric part consisting of interview research. The literature used consists of both academic sources and previous reports and investigations on the topic. The interview study consisted of 16 semi-structured thematic interviews. The interviewed experts represented different key stakeholders reaching from entrepreneurs to officials and from interest groups to researchers. As a conclusion it can be stated that active SME engagement is justified, but needs a lot more effort. The key challenge is that while large corporations and research institutions typically have extra resources to be devoted to collaborative R&D projects, SMEs typically lack them. Also the administrative burden is considered heavy and unawareness of opportunities decrease the interest towards EU funded R&D projects. Altogether, it is difficult for an SME to assess whether participation is beneficial or not. As a response to these challenges, this study presents three new approaches and recommended measures for European Union, FI PPP and individual project level. The three approaches stem from the need to acknowledge the special needs and restrictions of SME, to design interaction via communicative interface and to attract the relevant SMEs by using value network concepts to build effective and attractive projects. Although any changes on the EU scale take time, the flexibility and coordination within FI PPP give the programme good chances to succeed in SME engagement. Date: 11.3. 2012 Language: English Number of pages: 73 + 16
THE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT AND CARCINOGEN 3-NITROBENZANTHRONE AND ITS HUMAN METABOLITE 3-AMINOBENZANTHRONE ARE POTENT INDUCERS OF RAT HEPATIC CYTOCHROMES P450 1A1 AND -1A2 AND NAD(P)H:QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE

3-Nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), a suspected human carcinogen occurring in diesel exhaust and air pollution, and its human metabolite 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) were investigated for their ability to induce biotransformation enzymes in rat liver and the influence of such induction on DNA adduct formation by the compounds. Rats were treated (i.p.) with 0.4, 4, or 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA. When hepatic cytosolic fractions from rats treated with 40 mg/kg body weight 3-NBA or 3-ABA were incubated with 3-NBA, DNA adduct formation, measured by 32P-postlabeling analysis, was 10-fold higher in incubations with cytosols from pretreated rats than with controls. The increase in 3-NBA-derived DNA adduct formation corresponded to a dose-dependent increase in protein levels and enzymatic activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). NQO1 is the major enzyme reducing 3-NBA in human and rat livers. Incubations of 3-ABA with hepatic microsomes of rats treated with 3-NBA or 3-ABA (40 mg/kg body weight) led to as much as a 12-fold increase in 3-ABA-derived DNA adduct formation compared with controls. The observed stimulation of DNA adduct formation by both compounds was attributed to their potential to induce protein expression and enzymatic activity of cytochromes P450 1A1 and/or -1A2 (CYP1A1/2), the major enzymes responsible for 3-ABA activation in human and rat livers. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that by inducing hepatic NQO1 and CYP1A1/2, both 3-NBA and 3-ABA increase the enzymatic activation of these two compounds to reactive DNA adduct-forming species, thereby enhancing their own genotoxic potential.
Disparity Remapping by Nonlinear Perceptual Discrimination

This paper presents a nonlinear disparity remapping processing to adjust the disparity information to be suitable for human visual system. The proposed algorithm is based on psychological experimental result about incremental disparity discrimination. We evaluate the proposed method by subjective-view, and the result shows that our nonlinear disparity remapping not only improves perceptual feeling, but also provides a much more comfortable viewing experience. Keywords--Stereo perception, Disparity remapping, visual comfortable.
Motion Detection Based On Accumulative Optical Flow and Double Background Filtering

Moving object detection is very important for video surveillance. In this paper, we present a new real time motion detection algorithm that is based on the integration of accumulative optical flow and double background filtering method (long-term background and short-term background) to achieve better performance. The accumulative optical flow method is used to obtain and keep a stable background image to cope with variations on environmental changing conditions and the double background filtering method is used to eliminate the background information and separate the moving object from it. The biggest advantage of this algorithm is that it does not need to learn the background model from hundreds of images and can handle quick image variations without prior knowledge about the object size and shape. The algorithm has high capability of anti-interference and preserves high accurate rate detection at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for motion detection is demonstrated in a simulation environment and the evaluation results are reported in this paper. required to be stationary when this method is applied. The optical flow is an approximation of the local image motion and specifies how much each image pixel moves between adjacent images. It can achieve success of motion detection in the presence of camera motion or background changing. According to the smoothness constraint, the corresponding points in the two successive frames should not move more than a few pixels. For an uncertain environment, this means that the camera motion or background changing should be relatively small. The method based on optical flow is complex, but it can detect the motion accurately even without knowing the background. The main idea in this paper is to integrate the advantages of these two methods ((9), (10)). In this paper, an integrated accumulative optical flow and double background filtering method is represented. The main goal of the method is to separate the background and foreground effectively and detect the object in motion accurately. In this way, an accumulative optical flow method is used to obtain and keep a stable background image to address variations on environmental changing conditions and use a double background (long-term background and short-term background) method to eliminate the background information and separate the moving object from it. Different from the paper (11), a new strategy is proposed which improves the capability of detecting the object in motion. This paper is organized as follows. In Section II, an overview of the method is presented to explain the whole procedure. In Section III, the optical flow method is introduced and Section IV is dedicated to the double background filtering method. Section V describes a region-based matching method and Section VI presents the experimental results. Section VII concludes the achievement of the paper.
An Agrobacterium‐delivered CRISPR/Cas9 system for high‐frequency targeted mutagenesis in maize

Summary CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool in many organisms, including a number of monocots and dicots. Although the design and application of CRISPR/Cas9 is simpler compared to other nuclease‐based genome editing tools, optimization requires the consideration of the DNA delivery and tissue regeneration methods for a particular species to achieve accuracy and efficiency. Here, we describe a public sector system, ISU Maize CRISPR, utilizing Agrobacterium‐delivered CRISPR/Cas9 for high‐frequency targeted mutagenesis in maize. This system consists of an Escherichia coli cloning vector and an Agrobacterium binary vector. It can be used to clone up to four guide RNAs for single or multiplex gene targeting. We evaluated this system for its mutagenesis frequency and heritability using four maize genes in two duplicated pairs: Argonaute 18 (ZmAgo18a and ZmAgo18b) and dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase or anthocyaninless genes (a1 and a4). T0 transgenic events carrying mono‐ or diallelic mutations of one locus and various combinations of allelic mutations of two loci occurred at rates over 70% mutants per transgenic events in both Hi‐II and B104 genotypes. Through genetic segregation, null segregants carrying only the desired mutant alleles without the CRISPR transgene could be generated in T1 progeny. Inheritance of an active CRISPR/Cas9 transgene leads to additional target‐specific mutations in subsequent generations. Duplex infection of immature embryos by mixing two individual Agrobacterium strains harbouring different Cas9/gRNA modules can be performed for improved cost efficiency. Together, the findings demonstrate that the ISU Maize CRISPR platform is an effective and robust tool to targeted mutagenesis in maize.
The uncertainties of risk management: A field study on risk management internal audit practices in a Finnish municipality

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implementation of risk management as a tool for internal audit activities, focusing on unexpected effects or uncertainties generated during its application. Design/methodology/approach - – Public and confidential documents as well as semi-structured interviews are analysed through the lens of actor-network theory to identify the effects of risk management devices in a Finnish municipality. Findings - – The authors found that risk management, rather than reducing uncertainty, itself created unexpected uncertainties that would otherwise not have emerged. These include uncertainties relating to legal aspects of risk management solutions, in particular the issue concerning which types of document are considered legally valid; uncertainties relating to the definition and operationalisation of risk management; and uncertainties relating to the resources available for expanding risk management. More generally, such uncertainties relate to the professional identities and responsibilities of operational managers as defined by the framing devices. Originality/value - – The paper offers three contributions to the extant literature: first, it shows how risk management itself produces uncertainties. Secondly, it shows how internal auditors can assume a central role in the risk management system. Thirdly, it develops Callon's framing/overflowing framework with the notion that multiple frames are linked and create unexpected dynamics, and applies it to the study on the effects of risk management tools in an internal audit context. It shows how, despite recurring attempts to refine risk management, further uncertainties are continuously produced, thus providing an empirical illustration of how reframing and overflowing intertwine in a continual process.