Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cross-border education for pupils of kindergartens and schools: The case in Hong Kong

Cross-border education is defined as the movement of people, knowledge, programs, providers, and curriculums across national or regional jurisdictional borders. Each year, millions of students access better education by crossing their national borders from less developed or newly-industrialized countries to Western, industrialised countries. Most are tertiary education students but the numbers engaged in secondary, primary, and pre-school education are also significant. Under the implementation of “one country two systems” in Hong Kong after the transition of sovereignty from Britain to China in 1997, and a decision of a case in The Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong in 2011, babies born in Hong Kong to mainland Chinese parents are entitled to the right of abode in Hong Kong. Since then, tens of thousands of such births have occurred. More than 20,000 cross-border students travel from China to attend public schools in Hong Kong every day. This paper explores equality issues faced by these students. The paper evaluates the results of various stakeholders working together to solve important issues; for example, dedicated school zones, immigration clearance services, setting up Hong Kong classes in Chinese schools, and language, communication, and cultural support. The paper argues that inequality is prevalent.
Prediction of radiosensitive patients with gastric cancer by developing gene signature

Adjuvant radiotherapy is an important clinical treatment for the majority of gastric cancer, a common cancer. However, radiotherapy is a double-edged sword. It is necessary to develop a method to predict radiosensitive patients who are most likely to benefit from radiotherapy. Using the publicly available data of gastric cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we developed a gene signature that predicts radiosensitive patients through estimating a new index, nominal HR (nHR) (HR product of sensitive genes), for each patient. In this study, we provided several results to validate our prediction. Cross-validation results showed that the predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had significantly better survival than predicted radiosensitive patients who did not receive radiotherapy. After adjusting for other clinical factors, including age, sex, target therapy, histologic diagnosis, tumor stage, the benefit of radiotherapy on predicted radiosensitive patient remained significant. In addition, predicted radiosensitive patients who received radiotherapy had a significantly reduced rate of disease progression. Taken together, we have obtained a set of genes, to identify radiosensitive patients with gastric cancer. These genes may be potential biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, which could give new insight for revealing the underlying mechanism of radiosensitivity of gastric cancer.
Hip Deformities in Cerebral Palsy and their Treatment

200 cases of cerebral palsy with hip deformities requiring operation have been reviewed. Of these, 104 had radiographs of the hip, and in 63 dislocation of the hip was found. These hips were all flexed and adducted, and showed a normal acetabulum. In 22 cases a series of radiographs were available showing that the dislocation had developed in a hip which had once been radiographically normal. In 24 cases operation had been carried out to stabilise the hip.
Marriage squeeze and mate selection in China

Marriage is a near universal practice in China, associated with social adulthood, status and success (Lee and Wang, 1999; Jones, 2005; Sheng, 2005; Evans, 2007). Strong family and social pressure is exerted on young women and men to get married (Zhang and Zhong, 2005; Li et al., 2010), and not getting married is still unusual (Eklund, 2016a). At the same time, men have been subject to a ‘marriage squeeze’ due to a shortage of women in the marriage market. Historically, this shortage stemmed from disproportionately high female mortality rates (Banister 2004) and the practice of concubinage in pre-1949 China (Eklund, 2013). Today, the male marriage squeeze is fuelled by falling birth rates, where younger birth cohorts, smaller than older ones, generate a shortage of women when men from older birth cohorts marry younger women (Attané, 2013). Moreover, as the generations born from the 1980s with their increasingly skewed sex ratios in favour of males reach marriageable age, the male marriage squeeze will be further exacerbated. Studies have estimated that among cohorts born between 1980 and 2000, 22 million more men than women were born (Ebenstein and Sharygin, 2009). Attané (2006) estimates that the sex ratio among people aged 15–49 will continue to increase into the future, reaching 117–120 in 2050, while Tucker and Hook (2013) project that the number of single men aged 25–39 will peak at almost 30 million in 2030. Despite differences with regards to numbers and time frame, there is evidence that the male marriage squeeze will intensify over the decades to come. How do men respond to the marriage squeeze in China? What strategies do they deploy to find a spouse? How are women’s mate selection practices affected by their numeric shortage? Does the marriage squeeze affect the rate and timing of marriage, and does it lead to alternative mate selection practices? Those are some of the questions previous studies have engaged with. The aim of this chapter is to offer an overview of available research on mate selection in the context of a marriage squeeze, and to discuss the findings in relation to different theoretical perspectives. Special emphasis is placed on investigating the impact of high sex ratios and ‘surplus’ men on mate selection. The situations of ‘leftover’ women in China will not be dealt with explicitly (see Gaetano in this volume).
Regulation and Functional Contribution of Thymidine Kinase 1 in Repair of DNA Damage*

Cellular supply of dNTPs is essential in the DNA replication and repair processes. Here we investigated the regulation of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in response to DNA damage and found that genotoxic insults in tumor cells cause up-regulation and nuclear localization of TK1. During recovery from DNA damage, TK1 accumulates in p53-null cells due to a lack of mitotic proteolysis as these cells are arrested in the G2 phase by checkpoint activation. We show that in p53-proficient cells, p21 expression in response to DNA damage prohibits G1/S progression, resulting in a smaller G2 fraction and less TK1 accumulation. Thus, the p53 status of tumor cells affects the level of TK1 after DNA damage through differential cell cycle control. Furthermore, it was shown that in HCT-116 p53−/− cells, TK1 is dispensable for cell proliferation but crucial for dTTP supply during recovery from DNA damage, leading to better survival. Depletion of TK1 decreases the efficiency of DNA repair during recovery from DNA damage and generates more cell death. Altogether, our data suggest that more dTTP synthesis via TK1 take place after genotoxic insults in tumor cells, improving DNA repair during G2 arrest.
Amot130 Adapts Atrophin-1 Interacting Protein 4 to Inhibit Yes-associated Protein Signaling and Cell Growth*

Background: Amot130 regulates cell differentiation and growth signaling. Results: Amot130 binds and activates overexpressed AIP4 to ubiquitinate Amot130 and YAP resulting in Amot130 stabilization and YAP degradation. Conclusion: Amot130 and AIP4 cooperatively inhibit YAP and cell growth. Significance: A mechanism is described whereby Amot130 directs AIP4 to potentially suppress tumor cell growth. The adaptor protein Amot130 scaffolds components of the Hippo pathway to promote the inhibition of cell growth. This study describes how Amot130 through binding and activating the ubiquitin ligase AIP4/Itch achieves these effects. AIP4 is found to bind and ubiquitinate Amot130 at residue Lys-481. This both stabilizes Amot130 and promotes its residence at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, Amot130 is shown to scaffold a complex containing overexpressed AIP4 and the transcriptional co-activator Yes-associated protein (YAP). Consequently, Amot130 promotes the ubiquitination of YAP by AIP4 and prevents AIP4 from binding to large tumor suppressor 1. Amot130 is found to reduce YAP stability. Importantly, Amot130 inhibition of YAP dependent transcription is reversed by AIP4 silencing, whereas Amot130 and AIP4 expression interdependently suppress cell growth. Thus, Amot130 repurposes AIP4 from its previously described role in degrading large tumor suppressor 1 to the inhibition of YAP and cell growth.
Electrically Small UAV Antenna Design Using Characteristic Modes

This paper presents a novel concept of antenna design for an electrically small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using the theory of characteristic modes. With the knowledge of the characteristic modes of the UAV body, a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is implemented to synthesize currents on the UAV body for achieving desired power patterns. Compact and low-profile feed structures are then designed to excite the synthesized currents. The feed structures are termed as probes, as they are used to excite the currents on the UAV body and cannot work as standalone antennas. The UAV body excited by these probes serves as the radiating aperture. Its reconfigurable radiation patterns are obtained by feeding each probe with proper magnitude and phase. In this method, the aperture of the UAV body is fully utilized. Practical issues associated with large antennas at low frequency band are eliminated. Knowledge for probe placement on such platform becomes more explicit. Simulated and measured results are presented to verify the design concept.
CSF phosphorylated tau in the diagnosis and prognosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis of 51 studies

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and clinical utility of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: A meta-analysis was performed of 19 robust studies that compared AD with healthy individuals (n = 2300), 18 that compared AD with non-AD dementias (n = 1892), eight that compared MCI with healthy subjects (n = 447) and six in those with MCI who did and did not progress to dementia (n = 388). Results: On the basis of levels of p-tau in CSF, AD could be discriminated from those without cognitive impairment with a sensitivity (Se) of 77.6%, a specificity (Sp) of 87.9%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 90.3% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 73.0%. The clinical utility of the test was rated as “good”. CSF levels of p-tau separated AD from other dementias with an Se of 71.6% and an Sp 77.8% but here the clinical utility was satisfactory to poor. Regarding MCI, p-tau contributed to the separation of MCI from healthy individuals with an Se of 79.6% and an Sp 83.9% (PPV 85.9%, NPV 76.9%). Here the clinical utility was rated as “satisfactory”. P-tau was modestly successful in predicting progression to dementia in MCI (Se 81.1%, Sp 65.3%, PPV 63.0%, NPV 83.0%), showing higher predictive value for absence of progression rather than conversion to AD. Conclusions: CSF p-tau is a good diagnostic biomarker of probable AD, a satisfactory diagnostic biomarker of MCI, a satisfactory prognostic biomarker for progression of MCI but was less adequate in separating AD from other dementias.
Kin of coauthorship in five decades of health science literature

Significance Family background—kinship—can propagate careers. Five decades of health science literature worldwide show that, among family-tied authorships, there are country-specific patterns of publication evolving over time; authors who are part of a kin tend to form distinctive collaborative networks. A certain level of kinship may have beneficial effects on the research outputs of a country, whereas greater or lesser amounts of kinship could have adverse effects. It is perhaps more important for nations to promote equal opportunities in academic careers than to attempt to contain nepotism. Just as kin build potent academic networks with their own resources, societies may do well to provide equivalent support for talented individuals with fewer resources, on the periphery of networks. Family background—kinship—can propagate careers. The evidence for academic nepotism is littered with complex associations and disputed causal inferences. Surname clustering, albeit with very careful consideration of surnames’ flows across regions and time periods, can be used to reflect family ties. We examined surname patterns in the health science literature, by country, across five decades. Over 21 million papers indexed in the MEDLINE/PubMed database were analyzed. We identified relevant country-specific kinship trends over time and found that authors who are part of a kin tend to occupy central positions in their collaborative networks. Just as kin build potent academic networks with their own resources, societies may do well to provide equivalent support for talented individuals with fewer resources, on the periphery of networks.
The Impact of an Acute Pain Service on Postoperative Pain Management

An audit of postoperative pain management was conducted before and after the introduction of an Acute Pain Service (APS) run entirely by medical staff. The ability of patients to complete two pain-scoring systems, a verbal rating score (VRS) and a numerical rating score (NRS, where 0=nopain, 10=worst pain) was compared. We surveyed 605 adults 24 hours postoperatively. For major operations, the incidence of “severe” or “unbearable” pain at rest (VRS) over the first 24 hours decreased from 18.1% before to 3.5% after the APS (P=0.0002) and severe/unbearable pain with movement decreased from 50% to 31% (P=0.0037). The average NRS pain scores fell from 4.65 to 3.37 at rest (P<0.0001) and from 6.77 to 6.19 with movement (P=0.046). The incidence of severe/unbearable pain at rest with patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) decreased from 19.7% to 3.2% after the APS (P=0.0012) and with movement from 51.3% to 35.1% (P=0.049). For epidural analgesia, severe/unbearable pain at rest was 18.8% prior to the APS and 4.4% after (P=0.14), and with movement was 43.8% before and 19.1% after (P=0.079). The NRS pain-scoring system was unsuitable for Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander patients. Patient satisfaction was high both before and after the introduction of the APS, and was an unreliable indicator of effective pain relief. We conclude that an APS can improve postoperative pain control with PCA and epidural analgesia.
Adaptive BCI based on variational Bayesian Kalman filtering: an empirical evaluation

This paper proposes the use of variational Kalman filtering as an inference technique for adaptive classification in a brain computer interface (BCI). The proposed algorithm translates electroencephalogram segments adaptively into probabilities of cognitive states. It, thus, allows for nonstationarities in the joint process over cognitive state and generated EEG which may occur during a consecutive number of trials. Nonstationarities may have technical reasons (e.g., changes in impedance between scalp and electrodes) or be caused by learning effects in subjects. We compare the performance of the proposed method against an equivalent static classifier by estimating the generalization accuracy and the bit rate of the BCI. Using data from two studies with healthy subjects, we conclude that adaptive classification significantly improves BCI performance. Averaging over all subjects that participated in the respective study, we obtain, depending on the cognitive task pairing, an increase both in generalization accuracy and bit rate of up to 8%. We may, thus, conclude that adaptive inference can play a significant contribution in the quest of increasing bit rates and robustness of current BCI technology. This is especially true since the proposed algorithm can be applied in real time.
Automatic detection of EEG artefacts arising from head movements

The need for reliable detection of artefacts in raw and processed EEG is widely acknowledged. In this paper, we present the results of an investigation into appropriate features for artefact detection in the REACT ambulatory EEG system. The study focuses on EEG artefacts arising from head movement. The use of one generalised movement artefact class to detect movement artefacts is proposed. Temporal, frequency, and entropy-based features are evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Wilcoxon rank-sum non-parametric tests, Mutual Information Evaluation Function and Linear Discriminant Analysis. Results indicate good separation between normal EEG and artefacts arising from head movement, providing a strong argument for treating these head movement artefacts as one generalised class rather than treating their component signals individually.
[Automation in clinical microbiology].

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Exploiting heterogeneous data for the estimation of particles size distribution in industrial plant

In industrial environments, it is often difficult and expensive to collect a good amount of data to adequately train expert systems for regression purposes. Therefore the usage of already available data, related to environments showing similar characteristics, could represent an effective approach to find a good balance between regression performance and the amount of data to gather for training. In this paper, the authors propose two alternative strategies for improving the regression performance by using heterogeneous data, i.e. data coming from diverse environments with respect to the one taken as reference for testing. These strategies are based on a standard machine learning algorithm, i.e. the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The employed data came from measurements in industrial plants for energy production through the combustion of coal powder. The powder is transported in air within ducts and its size is detected by means of Acoustic Emissions (AE) produced by the impact of powder on the inner surface of the duct. The estimation of powder size distribution from AE signals is the task addressed in this work. Computer simulations show how the proposed strategies achieve a relevant improvement of regression performance with respect to the standard approach, using ANN directly on the dataset related to the reference plant.
Methodology for optimal distribution system planning considering automatic reclosers to improve reliability indices

In this article a methodology for optimal distribution system planning (DSP) considering automatic reclosers is presented. The methodology has two phases. An optimal configuration of the distribution system is found in phase I, by using a simulated annealing algorithm (SA). It considers costs of installing of new elements and upgrading of existing ones, and operative costs of energy technical losses. In phase II, a simultaneous location strategy of normally open and closed reclosers (NOR and NCR) is applied, in order to improve the power supply reliability indices and allow proper load transference between feeders under certain operative conditions. To solve this phase, the multi-objective evolutionary algorithm NSGA II (non-dominated genetic algorithm) is used. The proposed methodology introduces reliability topics to the DSP problem such as it allows incorporating cost variety, regulatory constraints and own constraints of the problem. Furthermore, it is easier to implement than traditional centralized models. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methodology, a 54-nodes system is used.
A Matched Cohort Pharmacoepidemiological Analysis of Steroid Free Immunosuppression in Renal Transplantation

Background. This longitudinal, sequential, matched closed-cohort design pharmacoepidemiological analysis examined the influence of maintenance steroid therapy in 380 first graft recipients after renal transplantation under conditions of normal clinical practice. Methods. Nonexposed (steroid avoidance, n=190) and exposed (steroid treated, n=190) cohorts were matched 1:1 for key demographic factors, including donor source (living or deceased), diabetic status, panel reactive antibody level, recipient age (by decade), and sex. Results. Cohorts were comparable for all variables except median human leukocyte antigen mismatch (4 vs. 3, P=0.03), use of tacrolimus (90.0% vs. 59.5%, P≤0.0001), and of basiliximab (94.7% vs. 57.4%, P≤0.0001), which were higher in the nonexposed cohort. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) was comparable at 1 year (median: 58.1 vs. 58.3, P=0.92) and 2 years (median: 55.5 vs. 58.0, P=0.97) in nonexposed and in exposed cohorts (P=0.97). There was no difference in Kaplan-Meier estimates of biopsy-proven acute rejection (14.8% vs. 17.0%; hazard ratio: 0.88, P=0.60) or of 2-year death censored graft failure (4.7% vs. 3.2%; P=0.44) between nonexposed or exposed cohorts. Median total cholesterol (4.6 vs. 5.0 mmol/L, P=0.0002), low-density lipoprotein (2.6 vs. 2.8 mmol/L, P=0.005), high-density lipoprotein levels (1.1 vs. 1.3, P=0.0001), and median weight change from baseline (−1.7 vs. +1.0 kg, P=0.001) were significantly lower in the nonexposed cohort. Forty-five patients (29%) in the nonexposed cohort commenced steroid therapy, principally for graft dysfunction or acute rejection. Conclusion. In summary, steroid avoidance did not negatively impact 2-year graft function, biopsy-proven acute rejection rate, or short-term graft survival and offers clinical benefits, which weigh in the decision regarding maintenance therapy.