Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation d'un critère d'âge chez le lagopède alpin (Lagopus mutus) et sexe et âge ratios dans des tableaux de chasse des Alpes et des Pyrénées

Le critere d'âge « pigmentation noire » sur les remiges primaires n° 9 et n° 8 a ete soumis a validation par l'examen de la bourse de Fabricius de 161 lagopedes alpins, Lagopus mutus, tues a la chasse dans les Alpes et les Pyrenees. Le sexe de lagopedes alpins a ete determine par examen des gonades. La sensibilite de la methode de determination de l'âge a varie de 97,3 % a 98,6 % pour les adultes et de 94,4 % a 100 % pour les jeunes suivant les echantillons. Le rapport des sexes a ete de 49 mâles :51 femelles pour les adultes (n = 73) et de 47 mâles :53 femelles pour les jeunes (n = 34), ne variant pas significativement du rapport 50:50 (p = 0,91 et 0,73). Ainsi, il semble qu'il n'y ait pas de selection d'un sexe donne par la chasse. Dans les tableaux de chasse de 387 lagopedes alpins tues entre 1978 et 1995 dans les Alpes et les Pyrenees francaises, les jeunes ne representaient que 27 % des prises dans les Alpes (n = 304), et 29 % dans les Pyrenees (n = 83). Ces proportions reduites de jeunes pourraient resulter soit d'une plus grande vulnerabilite des adultes a la chasse, soit d'un faible taux de reproduction. En fait, les adultes ne semblent pas particulierement plus vulnerables a la chasse. Il se pourrait donc que la reussite de la reproduction soit faible mais, faute de donnees recoltees directement sur le terrain sur la reussite de la reproduction du lagopede alpin en France, nous ne pouvons pas trancher la question.
New linear binary block codes for the AWGN channel

We study the design of linear binary block codes exhibiting large minimum distance, i.e., suitable for the AWGN channel. It is first shown that the n columns of length 2/sup k/ of any (n, k) linear, binary block code, are also columns of a linear 2/sup k/ Hadamard matrix. Based on this observation, we develop nested search methods to obtain linear binary block codes of almost any practical rate having large minimum distance. The codes compare favorably with upper and lower bounds on the minimum distance, as well as to existing codes.
The RC/sup 2/LED: a novel resonant-cavity LED design using a symmetric resonant cavity in the outcoupling reflector

We present the concept of a novel resonant-cavity LED design where a symmetric resonant cavity (RC) is added to the outcoupling reflector. Because of the peculiar characteristics of the resulting mirror, these so-called RC/sup 2/LED's have a much higher extraction efficiency into a limited NA as compared to conventional RCLED designs.
Cortical and thalamic areas involved in taste discrimination in the albino rat

Gross localization of the cortical receptive area for taste was accomplished in the rat by a combination of electrophysiological and behavioral techniques (Benjamin and Pfaffmann, ’55). Since adequate stimulation of the taste receptors did riot elicit evoked potentials, it was necessary to electrically activate the peripheral nerves which contain the taste fibers. The responsive areas (fig. I), although mapped in terms cjf potentials which 117ere a product of stimulation of several modaIiticis, pmved to have gustatory function. Bilateral ablation confined to this region impaired the animal’s ability to discriminate on the basis of taste cues, and conversely, bilateral preservation of this cortex in an otherwise decorticated preparation left discrimination normal. The present study carries the analysis further to determine if parcellation of the evoked potential area into taste and nontaste portions is feasible, to describe the cytoarchitectonic characteristics of cortex involvrci, and locate the thalamic taste region by means of the retrograde degeneration method.
Natural selection stops the evolution of male attractiveness

Sexual selection in natural populations acts on highly heritable traits and tends to be relatively strong, implicating sexual selection as a causal agent in many phenotypic radiations. Sexual selection appears to be ineffectual in promoting phenotypic divergence among contemporary natural populations, however, and there is little evidence from artificial selection experiments that sexual fitness can evolve. Here, we demonstrate that a multivariate male trait preferred by Drosophila serrata females can respond to selection and results in the maintenance of male mating success. The response to selection was associated with a gene of major effect increasing in frequency from 12 to 35% in seven generations. No further response to selection, or increase in frequency of the major gene, was observed between generations 7 and 11, indicating an evolutionary limit had been reached. Genetic analyses excluded both depletion of genetic variation and overdominance as causes of the evolutionary limit. Relaxing artificial selection resulted in the loss of 52% of the selection response after a further five generations, demonstrating that the response under artificial sexual selection was opposed by antagonistic natural selection. We conclude that male D. serrata sexually selected traits, and attractiveness to D. serrata females conferred by these traits, were held at an evolutionary limit by the lack of genetic variation that would allow an increase in sexual fitness while simultaneously maintaining nonsexual fitness. Our results suggest that sexual selection is unlikely to cause divergence among natural populations without a concomitant change in natural selection, a conclusion consistent with observational evidence from natural populations.
Droidrevealer: Automatically detecting Mysterious Codes in Android applications

The state-of-the-art Android malware often encrypts or encodes malicious code snippets to evade malware detection. In this paper, such undetectable codes are called Mysterious Codes. To make such codes detectable, we design a system called Droidrevealer to automatically identify Mysterious Codes and then decode or decrypt them. The prototype of Droidrevealer is implemented and evaluated with 5,600 malwares. The results show that 257 samples contain the Mysterious Codes and 11,367 items are exposed. Furthermore, several sensitive behaviors hidden in the Mysterious Codes are disclosed by Droidrevealer.
Identification of a Novel Tropomodulin Isoform, Skeletal Tropomodulin, That Caps Actin Filament Pointed Ends in Fast Skeletal Muscle*

Tropomodulin (E-Tmod) is an actin filament pointed end capping protein that maintains the length of the sarcomeric actin filaments in striated muscle. Here, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel tropomodulin isoform, skeletal tropomodulin (Sk-Tmod) from chickens. Sk-Tmod is 62% identical in amino acid sequence to the previously described chicken E-Tmod and is the product of a different gene. Sk-Tmod isoform sequences are highly conserved across vertebrates and constitute an independent group in the tropomodulin family. In vitro, chicken Sk-Tmod caps actin and tropomyosin-actin filament pointed ends to the same extent as does chicken E-Tmod. However, E- and Sk-Tmods differ in their tissue distribution; Sk-Tmod predominates in fast skeletal muscle fibers, lens, and erythrocytes, while E-Tmod is found in heart and slow skeletal muscle fibers. Additionally, their expression is developmentally regulated during chicken breast muscle differentiation with Sk-Tmod replacing E-Tmod after hatching. Finally, in skeletal muscle fibers that coexpress both Sk- and E-Tmod, they are recruited to different actin filament-containing cytoskeletal structures within the cell: myofibrils and costameres, respectively. All together, these observations support the hypothesis that vertebrates have acquired different tropomodulin isoforms that play distinct roles in vivo.
The Improved Approximation Accuracy Based on Knowledge Granularity

Since Pawlak approximation accuracy does not reflect the influence of knowledge granularity on the approximation accuracy, scholars have put forward a series of improvements. These improvements, however, only consider the position correlation between the knowledge granularity and the approximation accuracy. They neglect the proportional relation of upper and lower approximation. Therefore, an new improved definition of approximation accuracy is proposed in this paper. The new definition not only reflects the influence of knowledge granularity on the approximation accuracy but also considers the proportional relation of upper and lower approximation. It keeps the consistency with the definition of classical approximation accuracy.
A MODIFIED DOMINO LOGIC CIRCUIT FOR IMPROVED NOISE IMMUNITY AND DELAY VARIABILITY

This paper gives an approach for improvement in the reduction in delay variation in a domino logic circuits and it also gives improved noise immunity to the circuit. The improvement in delay observed here is better in the proposed circuit and the noise immunity is also enhanced by a good margin. The simulation process here is done by using Cadence Virtuoso 65nm process technology at 27 o C operating temperature and 0.8 V operating
Evaluating area-based socioeconomic status indicators for monitoring disparities within health care systems: results from a primary care network.

OBJECTIVE To determine which area-based socioeconomic status (SES) indicator is best suited to monitor health care disparities from a delivery system perspective. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING 142,659 adults seen in a primary care network from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2011. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional, comparing associations between area-based SES indicators and patient outcomes. DATA COLLECTION Address data were geocoded to construct area-based SES indicators at block group (BG), census tract (CT), and ZIP code (ZIP) levels. Data on health outcomes were abstracted from electronic records. Relative indices of inequality (RIIs) were calculated to quantify disparities detected by area-based SES indicators and compared to RIIs from self-reported educational attainment. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ZIP indicators had less missing data than BG or CT indicators (p < .0001). Area-based SES indicators were strongly associated with self-report educational attainment (p < .0001). ZIP, BG, and CT indicators all detected expected SES gradients in health outcomes similarly. Single-item, cut point defined indicators performed as well as multidimensional indices and quantile indicators. CONCLUSIONS Area-based SES indicators detected health outcome differences well and may be useful for monitoring disparities within health care systems. Our preferred indicator was ZIP-level median household income or percent poverty, using cut points.
Lack of Seasonal Variation in the Endoscopic Diagnoses of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

BACKGROUND:Conflicting data have been reported about the seasonal variation of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The purpose of the present analysis was to assess the occurrence of seasonal variations in the endoscopic diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS:The Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (CORI) uses a computerized endoscopic report generator to collect endoscopic data from 73 diverse practice sites throughout the United States. We utilized the CORI database to analyze the date-specific occurrence of colonoscopy, as well as the colonoscopic diagnoses of CD and UC. Time trends were analyzed by autocorrelation, linear, and nonlinear regression.RESULTS:Between January 2000 and December 2003, the number of colonoscopies increased 4.1-fold. The proportion of colonoscopies with a CD diagnosis fell by 28%, and the proportion of colonoscopies with a UC diagnosis fell by 50%. The occurrence of neither CD nor UC was shaped by any clear-cut seasonal periodicity. However, the trends of the two diseases revealed strikingly similar patterns with four resembling peaks superimposed on their monthly fluctuations.CONCLUSIONS:Endoscopic diagnosis of IBD is unaffected by any seasonal variation. The decline in the diagnostic rate of colonic IBD may reflect a relative increase in the utilization of colonoscopy for colon cancer screening. The similarity in the monthly fluctuations of both IBD suggests that their incidence or flare-ups may be influenced by identical exogenous risk factors.
A new global interior ocean mapped climatology: the 1° × 1° GLODAP version 2

Abstract. We present a mapped climatology (GLODAPv2.2016b) of ocean biogeochemical variables based on the new GLODAP version 2 data product (Olsen et al., 2016; Key et al., 2015), which covers all ocean basins over the years 1972 to 2013. The quality-controlled and internally consistent GLODAPv2 was used to create global 1° × 1° mapped climatologies of salinity, temperature, oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, silicate, total dissolved inorganic carbon (TCO2), total alkalinity (TAlk), pH, and CaCO3 saturation states using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) mapping method. Improving on maps based on an earlier but similar dataset, GLODAPv1.1, this climatology also covers the Arctic Ocean. Climatologies were created for 33 standard depth surfaces. The conceivably confounding temporal trends in TCO2 and pH due to anthropogenic influence were removed prior to mapping by normalizing these data to the year 2002 using first-order calculations of anthropogenic carbon accumulation rates. We additionally provide maps of accumulated anthropogenic carbon in the year 2002 and of preindustrial TCO2. For all parameters, all data from the full 1972–2013 period were used, including data that did not receive full secondary quality control. The GLODAPv2.2016b global 1° × 1° mapped climatologies, including error fields and ancillary information, are available at the GLODAPv2 web page at the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.NDP093_GLODAPv2 ).
Modeling and simulation of an improved random direction mobility model for wireless networks using colored Petri nets

Wireless networks have received increased attention from researchers due to their extensive set of applications and ubiquitous communication facility. The underlying mobility model plays a key role in mobility management, which is a prominent communication means in delivering services to mobile users accurately. Random direction is a synthetic mobility model that is widely used in simulators, while simulation is universally considered the most effective method for the design and analysis of the characteristics of mobility models. However, simulation is limited in its capabilities and it may generate unrealistic, error-prone results and consume more time. Further, the random direction mobility model produces unrealistic movement patterns due to a sharp turn problem and it forces the mobile host to travel to the edge of the terrain. To alleviate the issues of the random direction mobility model, this paper presents a colored Petri net (CPN)-based formal approach as an improved direction mobility model. Further, the proposed algorithm to tackle the sharp turn problem is implemented by using the CPN formalism. The formal semantics of the CPN allow a graphical, intuitive approach to design, simulate, execute, and validate the model.
articleRelation of tricuspid annular displacement and tissue Doppler imaging velocities with duration of weaning in mechanically ventilated patients with acute pulmonary edema

Background: Liberation from the ventilator is a difficult task, whereas early echocardiographic indices of weaning readiness are still lacking. The aim of this study was to test whether tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and right ventricular (RV) systolic (Sm) and diastolic (Em & Am) tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) velocities are related with duration of weaning in mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory failure due to acute pulmonary edema
New concepts in pharmacological efficacy at 7TM receptors: IUPHAR Review 2

The present‐day concept of drug efficacy has changed completely from its original description as the property of agonists that causes tissue activation. The ability to visualize the multiple behaviours of seven transmembrane receptors has shown that drugs can have many efficacies and also that the transduction of drug stimulus to various cellular stimulus–response cascades can be biased towards some but not all pathways. This latter effect leads to agonist ‘functional selectivity’, which can be favourable for the improvement of agonist therapeutics. However, in addition, biased agonist potency becomes cell type dependent with the loss of the monotonic behaviour of stimulus–response mechanisms, leading to potential problems in agonist quantification. This has an extremely important effect on the discovery process for new agonists since it now cannot be assumed that a given screening or lead optimization assay will correctly predict therapeutic behaviour. This review discusses these ideas and how new approaches to quantifying agonist effect may be used to circumvent the cell type dependence of agonism. This article, written by a corresponding member of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology Committee on Receptor Nomenclature and Drug Classification (NC‐IUPHAR), reviews our current understanding of the interaction of ligands with seven transmembrane receptors. Further information on these pharmacological concepts is being incorporated into the IUPHAR/BPS database GuideToPharmacology.org.
Speciation through homoploid hybridization between allotetraploids in peonies (Paeonia)

Phylogenies of Adh1 and Adh2 genes suggest that a widespread Mediterranean peony, Paeonia officinalis, is a homoploid hybrid species between two allotetraploid species, Paeonia peregrina and a member of the Paeonia arietina species group. Three phylogenetically distinct types of Adh sequences have been identified from both accessions of P. officinalis, of which two types are most closely related to the two homoeologous Adh loci of the P. arietina group and the remaining type came from one of the two Adh homoeologs of P. peregrina. The other Adh homoeolog of P. peregrina was apparently lost from the hybrid genome, possibly through backcrossing with the P. arietina group. This is a documentation of homoploid hybrid speciation between allotetraploid species in nature. This study suggests that hybrid speciation between allotetraploids can occur without an intermediate stage of genome diploidization or a further doubling of genome size.
Characterization of the H(+)-pumping F1F0 ATPase of Vibrio alginolyticus

The F1F0 ATPase of Vibrio alginolyticus was cloned from a chromosomal lambda library. The unc operon, which contains the structural genes for the ATPase, was sequenced and shown to have a gene organization of uncIBEFHAGDC. The sequence of each subunit was compared with those of other eubacterial ATPases. The V. alginolyticus unc genes exhibited greater similarity to the Escherichia coli unc genes than to any of the other bacterial unc genes for which the sequence is available. The ATPase was expressed in an E. coli unc deletion strain, and the ATP hydrolytic activity was characterized. It has a pH optimum of 7.6 and is stimulated by the addition of Triton X-100 or any of a variety of salts. The recombinant F1F0 was purified 30.4-fold and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. This enzyme catalyzed the pumping of protons coupled to ATP hydrolysis as measured in fluorescence quenching experiments but would not pump Na+ ions under similar conditions.
Novel Bayesian Framework for Dynamic Soft Sensor Based on Support Vector Machine With Finite Impulse Response

Conventional data-driven soft sensors commonly rely on the assumption that processes are operating at steady states. As chemical processes involve evident dynamics, conventional soft sensors may suffer from transient inaccuracy and poor robustness. In addition, the control performance is unsatisfactory when the outputs of soft sensors serve as the feedback signals for quality control. This brief develops a dynamic soft-sensing model combining finite impulse response and support vector machine to describe dynamic and nonlinear static relationships. The model parameters are then estimated within a Bayesian framework. The results from both the simulated and the industrial case show its superiority to conventional static models in terms of dynamic accuracy and practical applicability.
Toward efficient asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation: continuous flow with chiral heterogeneous catalysts.

A chiral Ca catalyst based on CaCl(2) with a chiral ligand was developed and applied to the asymmetric 1,4-addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes as a model system. To address product inhibition issues, the Ca catalyst was applied to continuous flow with a chiral heterogeneous catalyst. The continuous flow system using a newly synthesized, polymer-supported Pybox was successfully employed, and the TON was improved 25-fold compared with those of the previous Ca(OR)(2) catalysts.
A 13.56-MHz Low-Voltage and Low-Control-Loss RF-DC Rectifier Utilizing a Reducing Reverse Loss Technique

A low-voltage and low-control-loss RF-dc rectifier with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) at 13.56 MHz band is presented in this paper. This is achieved by utilizing novel reducing reverse loss (RRL) techniques to reduce the reverse leakage current loss. Higher output voltage can also be generated by the multistage stacking method with RRL technology. A boost-type front-end converter composed of an RF-dc rectifier with the RRL technique and a boost converter operating in a discontinuous-conduction mode are also proposed. The single-stage, three-stage pump-type RF-dc rectifier and the boost-type front-end rectifier have been implemented in TSMC 0.18 μm 1P6M technology. Experimental results show that the maximum PCE of the single-stage and three-stage pump-type RF-dc active rectifiers are 68.6% and 67.9% with input powers of 4.9 and 12.8 dB·m, respectively. The maximum PCE of the boost-type front-end converter is 41.3% with 1.2 dB·m input power.
Rapid and validated fluorometric HPLC method for determination of gabapentin in human plasma and urine for clinical application

What is known and Objective: A rapid derivatization and validated HPLC method for gabapentin in human plasma and urine is needed for clinical use. The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and validated analytical method for the determination of gabapentin in human plasma and urine using isocratic fluorometric HPLC for clinical application.
THE FIRST FERMI MULTIFREQUENCY CAMPAIGN ON BL LACERTAE: CHARACTERIZING THE LOW-ACTIVITY STATE OF THE EPONYMOUS BLAZAR

We report on observations of BL Lacertae during the first 18 months of Fermi LAT science operations and present results from a 48 day multifrequency coordinated campaign from 2008 August 19 to 2008 October 7. The radio to gamma-ray behavior of BL Lac is unveiled during a low-activity state thanks to the coordinated observations of radio-band (Metsähovi and VLBA), near-IR/optical (Tuorla, Steward, OAGH, and MDM), and X-ray (RXTE and Swift) observatories. No variability was resolved in gamma rays during the campaign, and the brightness level was 15 times lower than the level of the 1997 EGRET outburst. Moderate and uncorrelated variability has been detected in UV and X-rays. The X-ray spectrum is found to be concave, indicating the transition region between the low- and high-energy components of the spectral energy distribution (SED). VLBA observation detected a synchrotron spectrum self-absorption turnover in the innermost part of the radio jet appearing to be elongated and inhomogeneous, and constrained the average magnetic field there to be less than 3 G. Over the following months, BL Lac appeared variable in gamma rays, showing flares (in 2009 April and 2010 January). There is no evidence for the correlation of gamma rays with the optical flux monitored from the ground in 18 months. The SED may be described by a single-zone or a two-zone synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model, but a hybrid SSC plus external radiation Compton model seems to be preferred based on the observed variability and the fact that it provides a fit closest to equipartition.