Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of Enlarged Cervical Lymph Nodes with Ultrasound Elastography.

UNLABELLED PURPSOE: To investigate the diagnostic value of quantitative analysis of a tissue diffusion and virtual touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ) technique with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography for assessing enlarged cervical lymph nodes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-six enlarged cervical lymph nodes confirmed by pathologic diagnoses were covered in the study. According to the results of pathologic diagnosis, patients were classified into benign and malignant groups. All the patients were examined by both conventional ultrasonography and elastography. AREA% and shear wave velocity (SWV) in ROI of different groups were calculated and compared using ROC curves. Cut-off points of AREA% and SWV were determined with receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS Final histopathological results revealed 21 cases of benign and 35 cases of malignant lymph nodes. The mean values of AREA% and SWV in benign and malignant groups were 45.0 ± 17.9% and 2.32 ± 0.57 m/s, and 61.3 ± 21.29% and 4.36 ± 1.25)m/s, respectively. For the parameters of elastography, "AREA%"and SWV demonstrated significant differences between groups (p=0.002). AREA% was positively correlated with SWV with a correlation coefficient of 0.809 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Stiffness of different lymph node diseases in patients may differ. Elastography can evaluate changes sensitively and provide valuable information to doctors. The study proved that the VTIQ elastography technique can play an important role in differential diagnosis of lymph nodes.
Localization of epidermal growth factor and its receptor in mandibular molars of the rat prior to and during prefunctional tooth eruption

Immunoperoxidase localization of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) itself was examined in rat first and second mandibular molars postnatally from day 0 to 12. The results showed that the dental follicle stained heavily for EGFR from day 0 to 8, declined in staining at day 9, and was devoid of stain from day 10 onward. Preosteoblasts and osteoblasts of alveolar bone also stained and lesser staining of ameloblasts and odontoblasts was observed. Except for staining of occasional isolated cells, the stellate reticulum did not stain. Light staining of the dental pulp of the first mandibular molar was seen from day 0 onward but the pulp of the second molar did not stain until approximately day 6. With respect to EGF, the dental follicle also stained for it until day 12. The ameloblasts stained more intensely for EGF than for EGFR. Because injections of EGF cause premature eruption of teeth and because the presence of a dental follicle is necessary for eruption, this study suggests that EGF could have its effect on the follicle as seen by the presence of EGFR receptors on the follicle. Moreover, because EGF exerts its effects early (day 0–3) to cause eruption and because the influx of monocytes into the follicle to form osteoclasts for bone resorption for eruption occurs early, the heavy staining for EGFR in the follicle early followed by the absence of staining at day 10 correlates chronologically with the key molecular and cellular events of eruption. Finally, the presence of EGF in the follicle, as well as enamel organ, could provide an endogenous source of EGF to regulate tooth eruption, either by an autocrine or a paracrine effect. Thus, the localization of EGFR and EGF in the dental follicle coupled with the chronology of localization suggests that EGF could play a physiological role in tooth eruption. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate membrane phospholipid composition and protein localization in lipid rafts of neural stem cell cultures

Rat neural stem cells/neural progenitors (NSC/NP) are generally grown in serum‐free medium. In this study, NSC/NP were supplemented with the main long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in the brain, arachidonic acid (AA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and were monitored for their growth. Lipid and fatty acid contents of the cells were also determined. Under standard conditions, the cells were characterized by phospholipids displaying a highly saturated profile, and very low levels of PUFAs. When cultured in the presence of PUFAs, the cells easily incorporated them into the phospholipid fraction. We also compared the presence of three membrane proteins in the lipid raft fractions: GFR and connexin 43 contents in the rafts were increased by DHA supplementation, whereas Gβ subunit content was not significantly modified. The restoration of DHA levels in the phospholipids could profoundly affect protein localization and, consequently, their functionalities. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 1356–1364, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Social Media Addiction Scale (SF) for Adolescents: A Study of Validity and Reliability

Bu calismanin amaci van den Eijnden, Lemmens ve Valkenburg (2016) tarafindan gelistirilen sosyal medya bagimliligi olcegi kisa formunun Turkce formunun gecerlik ve guvenirligini incelemektir. Uyarlama calismasi verileri bir Anadolu Lisesinde ogrenim goren 376 lise ogrencisinden toplanmistir. Olcegin faktor analizine uygunlugunu test etmek icin acimlayici faktor analizi ve yapi gecerligi icin dogrulayici faktor analizi yapilmistir. Olcegin guvenirligi icin ise Cronbach Alfa ic tutarlilik katsayisina bakilmistir. Cronbach Alfa ic tutarlilik katsayisi . 76 olarak bulunmustur. Faktor analizi sonucunda toplam varyansin % 35’ini aciklayan 9 maddeli tek faktorlu bir yapi elde edilmistir. Olcek maddeleri faktor yuk degerlerinin. 52 ile . 66 arasinda degistigi gorulmektedir. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) katsayisi . 84 ve Barlett Kuresellik Testi x 2 degeri ise 587.545 (p<.000) olarak bulunmustur. Dogrulayici faktor analizinde olcegin tek boyutlu yapisinin iyi uyum verdigi gorulmustur [ x 2 =61.29, df=27, x 2 /df=2.27 RMSEA=0.058, RMR=0.009, S-RMR=0.045, GFI=0.96, AGFI=0.93, CFI=0.93, NNFI=0.91, IFI=0.93]. Sonuc olarak SMBO-KF’nun ergenlerde sosyal medya bagimliligini olcmede kullanilabilecek gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcme araci oldugu gorulmektedir.
Essays in International and Development Economics

Standard analysis of consumer behavior uses theory and evidence on quantities and prices to measure consumer welfare, particularly through the use of price indexes that capture the cost-of-living. In three essays I go beyond this standard analysis to analyze the impact of household variety, store variety, and energy requirements on food demand, consumption patterns and consumer welfare, with implications for several important topics in development and international economics. In the first essay I develop theoretical and empirical tools for analyzing variety-seeking behavior by households in a non-homothetic setting, showing how changes in the slope and intercept of ``variety Engel curves'' map into the level and distribution of consumer welfare in a way that is not captured by standard analysis. The ``cost'' of variety is introduced as an important concept for analysis that is distinct from price, e.g. the ``cost'' of quantity. The application to Indian food consumption indicates that increases in food variety over time and greater urban food variety are not attributable solely to income growth, with significant implications for both the size and distribution of welfare gains from variety. In the second essay, co-authored with Shari Eli, we continue to explore empirical patterns in Indian food consumption and draw attention to the decline in calorie intake at all expenditure levels. Once again the Engel curve is used as a guiding framework for the empirical analysis and once again there are changes in consumption patterns that are not explained by movements in prices and income alone. In this case the ``cost'' of calories is represented by the role of calories (as opposed to other food attributes) in satisfying household caloric requirements. Using data on time-use to impute caloric requirements and combining this with data on ownership of labor-saving durables, we find support for the hypothesis that a decline in energy requirements has had an important impact on variation in calorie intake over time and space, explaining most of the rural-urban discrepancy in calorie intake but only a modest share of the decline in calorie intake over time. In the third essay I examine product variety from the point of view of retailers rather than consumers, showing that differences in variety across different stores of a North American grocery retailer have large impacts on consumer welfare. I argue that these differences in variety can be largely attributed to differences in store size and international borders, and provide a stylized partial equilibrium model to analyze what factors influence the retailer's choice of store size in different locations. I find empirical support for the predictions of the model, with larger markets (higher income per capita, higher population density) leading to larger store size and variety while greater competition reduces store size and variety, with significant impacts on consumer welfare across different geographic areas.
Survival Response and Rearrangement of Plasmid DNA of Lactococcus lactis during Long-Term Starvation

ABSTRACT The survival response of Lactococcus lactis during long-term starvation was investigated. The cells were cultured with different levels of glucose (the sole energy source) and either were kept in the resultant spent medium or transferred to fresh medium (without glucose) for up to 2 years. The survival of the cells during starvation was not dependent on the nature of transition phase, as expected, but on the nature of medium in which the cells were kept. The proliferation of cells, despite the apparent lack of glucose, could have been due to some cells being able to utilize the small amounts of peptides still present in the spent medium or to use energy sources provided by the breakup of dead cells. The 1- and 2-year-old cultures contained cells with vastly changed morphotypes. When these isolates were examined, it was revealed that the original plasmids present in the parent were rearranged in a certain way, and an entirely new plasmid was generated. Changes were also evident in the chromosomal DNA and in gene expression. Furthermore, all of the isolates exhibited a growth advantage relative to the parent cells when grown in energy-limiting media. When they were tested against different types of stresses, they exhibited a higher resistance against the bile salt and hydrogen peroxide stresses compared to the parent. Because of the similar changes observed in the 2-year-old isolates, a similar survival strategy may be operational in those cells that survive for that length of time.
Sampled Measurement Output Feedback Control of Multi-Agent Systems With Jointly-Connected Topologies

This note studies the consensus problem of a class of multi-agent systems (MASs) with linear dynamics, where each agent is able to use the specified measurement output (e.g., position) relative to its neighbors at certain sampling instants. It is assumed that the network has switching but jointly-connected topologies in the sense that the union of the associated graphs over a certain time interval always has a spanning tree. Under this assumption, a linear sampled measurement output feedback controller is proposed to achieve full state consensus for a sufficiently small sampling period.
Dynamics of Human Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1(PRMT1) in Vivo*

Arginine methylation is a posttranslational protein modification catalyzed by a family of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT), the predominant member of which is PRMT1. Despite its major role in arginine methylation of nuclear proteins, surprisingly little is known about the subcellular localization and dynamics of PRMT1. We show here that only a fraction of PRMT1 is located in the nucleus, but the protein is predominantly cytoplasmic. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments reveal that PRMT1 is highly mobile both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. However, inhibition of methylation leads to a significant nuclear accumulation of PRMT1, concomitant with the appearance of an immobile fraction of the protein in the nucleus, but not the cytoplasm. Both the accumulation and immobility of PRMT1 is reversed when re-methylation is allowed, suggesting a mechanism where PRMT1 is trapped by unmethylated substrates such as core histones and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein proteins until it has executed the methylation reaction.
The Impacts of an Incentive-Based Intervention on Peak Period Traffic: Experience from the Netherlands

Incentive-based travel demand management strategies are gaining increasing attention because they are generally considered more acceptable by the traveling public and policy makers. This study presented a detailed analysis and modeling effort aimed at understanding how incentives affected traveler choices by using data collected from a reward-based experiment conducted in 2006 in the Netherlands. The incentive-based scheme analyzed in this study included monetary rewards or credit toward obtaining a smartphone with a view to motivating commuters to change their choice of departure time out of the peak period or to shift their mode of travel. The mixed panel multinomial logit modeling approach adopted in this study was able to isolate the impacts of incentives on behavioral choices while accounting for variations in such impacts across socioeconomic groups that might have been due to unobserved individual preferences and constraints. The model also shed light on the effects of behavioral inertia, in which .
Geologic Development of the Karymshina Caldera, Kamchatka, Russia, with Special Reference to Its Hydrothermal Systems

Data on a caldera discovered in 2006 are reported. The caldera formed in southern Kamchatka during Eopleistocene time (1.2 to 1.5 Ma). The caldera boundaries have been reconstructed and its dimensions determined (approximately 15-25 km). The area of study contains several groups of thermal springs: the Bol’she-Bannaya, Mal. Bannaya, Karymchina, Karymshina, and VerkhneParatunka ones. The largest are the Bol’she-Bannaya springs; these were investigated extensively by many different methods during the 1970s. The reconstruction of the boundary to the large caldera that exists in the area (Leonov, Rogozin, 2007) yields a different setting of the present-day hydrothermal systems, in particular, of the Bol’she-Bannaya system. The caldera boundary has been found to pass through the Bol’she-Bannaya springs area. It was also found that numerous emplacements of acid lavas (domes, dikes, short lava flows) occur at the boundary throughout its length, these formations being rather young, less than 0.5–0.8 Ma. These data suggest that the presentday hydrothermal activity in the area is related, on the one hand, to increased crustal permeability at the caldera boundary (due to the faults that exist there), while on the other hand, the large magma chamber existing in the area (above which the caldera was generated in the Eopleistocene followed by a resurgent dome in the Lower/Middle Pleistocene) retains its heat and continues to supply it to the fluids and water that are circulating around
Polyamines and the Intestinal Tract

Owing to their high turnover, the intestinal mucosal cells have a particularly high requirement for polyamines. Therefore, they are an excellent charcol for the study of polyamine function in rapid physiological growth and differentiation. After a cursory introduction to the major aspects of polyamine metabolism, regulation, and mode of action, we discuss the contribution of the polyamines to the maintenance of normal gut function, the maturation of the intestinal mucosa, and its repair after injuries. Repletion of cellular polyamine pools with (D,L)-2-(difluoromethyl)ornithine has considerably improved our understanding of how the polyamines are involved in the regulation of normal and neoplastic growth. Unfortunately, the attempts to exploit polyamine metabolism as a cancer therapeutic target have not yet been successful. However, the selective inactivation of ornithine decarboxylase appears to be a promising chemopreventive method in familial adenomatous polyposis. Presumably, it relies on the fact that ornithine decarboxylase is a critical regulator of the proliferative response of the protooncogene c-myc, but not of its apoptotic response.
Global White-Sky and Black-Sky FAPAR Retrieval Using the Energy Balance Residual Method: Algorithm and Validation

The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by vegetation (FAPAR) is a key variable in describing the light absorption ability of the vegetation canopy. Most global FAPAR products, such as MCD15A2H and GEOV1, correspond to FAPAR under black-sky conditions at the satellite overpass time only. In this paper, we aim to produce both the global white-sky and black-sky FAPAR products based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) visible (VIS) albedo, leaf area index (LAI), and clumping index (CI) products. Firstly, a non-linear spectral mixture model (NSM) was designed to retrieve the soil visible (VIS) albedo. The global soil VIS albedo and its dynamics were successfully mapped at a resolution of 500 m using the MCD43A3 VIS albedo product and the MCD15A2H LAI product. Secondly, a method based on the energy balance residual (EBR) principle was presented to retrieve the white-sky and black-sky FAPAR using the MODIS broadband VIS albedo (white-sky and black-sky) product (MCD43A3), the LAI product (MCD15A2H) and CI products. Finally, the two EBR FAPAR products were compared with the MCD15A2H and Geoland2/BioPar version 1 (GEOV1) black-sky FAPAR products. A comparison of the results indicates that these FAPAR products show similar spatial and seasonal patterns. Direct validation using FAPAR observations from the Validation of Land European Remote sensing Instrument (VALERI) project demonstrates that the EBR black-sky FAPAR product was more accurate and had a lower bias (R2 = 0.917, RMSE = 0.088, and bias = −2.8 %) than MCD15A2H (R2 = 0.901, RMSE = 0.096, and bias = 7.6 % ) and GEOV1 (R2 = 0.868, RMSE = 0.105, and bias = 6.1%).
Improving the Effectiveness of Nondisclosure Agreements by Strengthening Concept Learning

Intellectual property infringements rank among the top economic crimes, even though there are mechanisms in place to prevent their occurrence. One such mechanism are nondisclosure agreements, which, however, have been reported to fail in practice. This article argues that this may be overcome by strengthening employees’ concept learning. In an experiment, we investigated whether extended nondisclosure agreements, which provide the employee with detailed explanations and examples, lead to better recognition of trade secrets as compared to a standard nondisclosure agreement or no agreement at all. It was found that the extended nondisclosure agreement indeed increased participants’ ability to judge what falls under the trade secret law, whereas the standard nondisclosure agreement showed no such effect. Furthermore, the effects of the factors ‘Involvement’, ‘Specificity’, ‘Publicity’, and ‘Purpose’ on the identification of trade secrets could be proven experimentally. Employees’ judgments of whether an information represents a trade secret seem to rely on general cognitive processes. From this follows that concept learning could be integrated into systematic approaches for protecting intellectual property.
Using Demonstration Projects to Advance Innovation in Energy

Energy supply and price disruptions a decade ago ushered in one particularly significant change in federal sponsorship of civilian research and development (RD government committed itself to the commercialization of a variety of energy techniques. A favorite agency device was the demonstration project. Demonstration programs attempt to shorten the time within which a specific technology makes its way from development and prototype to widespread availability and adoption by industrial and commercial users. ' The value of demonstrations, both in energy and other technological areas, is disputed. For instance, Eads and Nelson argue that demonstrations represent a significant and ill-advised departure from the traditional attitude about government involvement with civilian technologies. This traditional attitude argues that, in the
Direct torque control of a doubly fed induction generator of wind turbine for maximum power extraction

In this paper we present the control system of a wind turbine based doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) by direct torque control (DTC). The wind energy conversion system (WECS) equipped with wind turbine, DFIG, DC bus and the power convector. The converter is controlled to generate the maximum power from wind turbine generator (WTG) by using maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy. The pitch control is also proposed to limit the generator power at its rated value. The DTC is developed to regulate the flux and torque. The simulation results of a 1.5MW doubly fed induction generator show the performances of the control strategy proposed. These results are validated by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Investigating the Effects of Global Crude Oil Prices Shocks on the GDP Of Iran Through the VAR Model, Case Study OPEC Basket and Brent Prices

According to the vast and enriched oil resources of Iran and the inter relationship between this nominated resource and the other macro-economic variables, in this paper we try to investigate the clear effects of the OPEC basket and Brent crude oil prices, as two of the most important global prices on the GDP of Iran. Further, the purpose of the research will be testing and comparing the response of the Iran’s GDP against the global oil prices shocks. So the best methods will be Vector Autoregressive (VAR), Impulse Response Function (IRF) and the Variance Decomposition which will be run among the quarterly time series data of the related variables from 1995:Q1 to 2010:Q4. The achieved results show the low – positive effects of global oil prices shocks on the GDP. Moreover, the result from variance decompositions illustrates that the effects of OPEC basket crude oil price on the GDP is higher than Brent one in the short run and vice versa, the Brent has higher affect rather than OPEC in the long run. So the effects of the global oil prices shocks on the GDP of Iran are various in times.