Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the range of cognitive impairments induced by scopolamine 0·6 mg s.c

The present study was conducted to determine the degree to which impairments in attention accompany the memory deficits produced by scopolamine. Eighteen healthy young volunteers received scopolamine 0·6 mg subcutaneously on three experimental sessions and placebo on three others. On each session, prior to, and 60 min after injection, the subjects underwent an automated computerized battery of 11 cognitive tasks. The study was run double‐blind and the order of treatment conditions over successive visits was counterbalanced between subjects. Scopolamine produced marked and significant decrements on all major aspects of performance from the battery. The drug lowered the efficiency of the detection and processing of information in tests of visual vigilance, rapid information processing, choice reaction, letter cancellation and logical reasoning. These effects were accompanied by a lowering of critical flicker‐fusion frequency and subjective alertness. Memory was also impaired on tests of immediate recall, delayed recall, recognition and memory scanning. These findings confirm and extend previous work, demonstrating that scopolamine impairs the selection and evaluation of environmental information, as well as reducing the likelihood of information being subsequently recalled or recognized. Whether the former effects contribute to the latter is not known, but this must be considered a possibility. This potential role of processing deficits in memory loss associated with cholinergic blockade is briefly considered in relation to the cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory loss.
The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and Political Propaganda in North Korean Sport

North Korea is arguably the least understood and the most reclusive country in the world. This article discusses the use of sport in the country as a vehicle for political propaganda and, in particular, the role of nationalism within the communist sporting culture. Although most nation states have become increasingly interdependent politically and economically in the so-called global era, relatively few countries have an official relationship with North Korea. Sport may be one of the few arenas in which the world can glimpse North Korean people and their culture because North Korean athletes consistently participate in international sporting competition, both inside and outside of the country, regardless of political and economic isolation. In this article, an attempt is made to paint a picture of North Korean society by exploring the country’s sport culture. Particular attention will be paid to the political, and specifically the nationalistic, dimension of sport in North Korea. To this end, three case studies— football, taekwondo, and mass gymnastics—are explored. This study of North Korean sport offers useful insights into the political and nationalistic elements embedded in the country’s cultural practice, and, more generally, insights into the problematic relationship between communism and nationalism.
Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Analysis of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Maintenance in JA-CMS Cotton

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the failure to produce functional pollen, which is inherited maternally. And it is known that anther development is modulated through complicated interactions between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in sporophytic and gametophytic tissues. However, an unbiased transcriptome sequencing analysis of CMS in cotton is currently lacking in the literature. This study compared differentially expressed (DE) genes of floral buds at the sporogenous cells stage (SS) and microsporocyte stage (MS) (the two most important stages for pollen abortion in JA-CMS) between JA-CMS and its fertile maintainer line JB cotton plants, using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform. A total of 709 (1.8%) DE genes including 293 up-regulated and 416 down-regulated genes were identified in JA-CMS line comparing with its maintainer line at the SS stage, and 644 (1.6%) DE genes with 263 up-regulated and 381 down-regulated genes were detected at the MS stage. By comparing the two stages in the same material, there were 8 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated DE genes in JA-CMS line and 29 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated DE genes in JB maintainer line at the MS stage. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to validate 7 randomly selected DE genes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes involved in reduction-oxidation reactions and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism were down-regulated, while genes pertaining to photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis were up-regulated in JA-CMS floral buds compared with their JB counterparts at the SS and/or MS stages. All these four biological processes play important roles in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, which may be an important factor contributing to the sterile trait of JA-CMS. Further experiments are warranted to elucidate molecular mechanisms of these genes that lead to CMS.
Parallelizing label propagation for overlapping community detection

Community detection is one of the most important ways that reflect the structure and mechanism beneath the social network. The overlapping communities are more in line with the reality of social network. In the society, the phenomenon of some members shared membership of different communities reflects as overlapping communities in the network. Facing big data network, it is a challenging and computationally complex problem to detect overlapping communities. In this paper, we proposed highly scalable variants of a community detection algorithm with parallelized called Label Propagation with nodes Confidence (PLPAC). We introduced MapReduce to parallelize the algorithm to process the big data and guarantee the efficient of community detection. We implemented the algorithm on real network and artificial network to evaluate the accuracy and speedup of the proposed algorithm. Experiments results on many test datasets illustrated that the improved label propagation method outperforms some existing methods in terms of accuracy and time efficiency.
Testing for Genetic Association in the Presence of Linkage and Gene–Covariate Interactions

In order to study family‐based association in the presence of linkage, we extend a generalized linear mixed model proposed for genetic linkage analysis (Lebrec and van Houwelingen (2007), Human Heredity 64, 5–15) by adding a genotypic effect to the mean. The corresponding score test is a weighted family‐based association tests statistic, where the weight depends on the linkage effect and on other genetic and shared environmental effects. For testing of genetic association in the presence of gene–covariate interaction, we propose a linear regression method where the family‐specific score statistic is regressed on family‐specific covariates. Both statistics are straightforward to compute. Simulation results show that adjusting the weight for the within‐family variance structure may be a powerful approach in the presence of environmental effects. The test statistic for genetic association in the presence of gene–covariate interaction improved the power for detecting association. For illustration, we analyze the rheumatoid arthritis data from GAW15. Adjusting for smoking and anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide increased the significance of the association with the DR locus.
A Compact and Low Power Consumption Optical Switch Based on Microrings

A compact optical switch array based on microrings using a high-index-contrast waveguide is presented with excellent performance. The 84 optical switch matrix occupies just 103mm and its extinction ratio is greater than 30 dB at a low control power consumption of 0.1 W per unit cell. The drop loss is around 2 dB. This device is particularly suitable for applications as a tunable filter array and wavelength selective optical switch.
Assessing the Quality of Online News Articles as References for an Encyclopaedia Entry

The quality of online news articles is decisive both for a reliable perception of their informativeness and for including them as a reference when creating an encyclopaedia entry for a public attention event. Tackling the enormous volume, variety and complexity of different articles disseminated online, several natural language processing techniques have been developed for the purpose of capturing the quality of the web content based on the concepts of objectivity classification and stylometric features, knowledge maturing, factual density, or simple word count. This paper explores utilizes the factual density as a quality measure of the information reported on the missing Malaysia Airliners Flight 370 as a public attention event in two instances, considering the coverage during the initial investigation and the reporting marking the one year anniversary since the plane got missing. The results suggest that the factual density can be utilized in creating a high-quality encyclopaedia entry, however, under strict conditions in terms of increased confidence level of the automated factual extraction.
Finding Form: Looking at the Field of Organizational Aesthetics

abstract Organizational research has long focused on the instrumental sphere with its questions of efficiency and effectiveness and in recent decades there has been interest in the moral sphere with its questions of ethics. Within the last decade there has also emerged a field that draws on the aesthetic sphere of our existence in organizations. In this review we look at the field of organizational aesthetics in terms of content and method, suggesting four broad categories of organizational aesthetics research: intellectual analysis of instrumental issues, artistic form used to look at instrumental issues, intellectual analysis of aesthetic issues, and artistic form used to look at aesthetic issues. We then suggest how organizational scholars might pursue artistic aesthetic organizational research.
The mind’s eye: A photographic method for understanding meaning in people’s lives

Although research relying on self-report inventories has built an increased appreciation of the importance of meaning in life, such research has strayed somewhat from the original promise of meaning in life research, which was to shed light on the individual experience of meaning. Some research has focused on understanding people’s sources of meaning. However, previous methods have relied on verbal ways of assessing sources of meaning in life. In recognition of the fact that not everyone has highly developed verbal skills – and that even those who do can find it hard to articulate what life means – we offer a new method for understanding individuals’ experiences with meaning in life. In this article, we describe the use of photography to elicit information about people’s sources of meaning and provide inductive qualitative analysis of a pilot study using this method. Photography holds great potential as a new method for seeing meaning through another’s eyes.
MiR‐128 up‐regulation inhibits Reelin and DCX expression and reduces neuroblastoma cell motility and invasiveness

MicroRNAs are a class of sophisticated regulators of gene expression, acting as post‐transcriptional inhibitors that recognize their target mRNAs through base pairing with short regions along the 3'UTRs. Several microRNAs are tissue specific, suggesting a specialized role in tissue differentiation or maintenance, and quite a few are critically involved in tumorigenesis. We studied miR‐128, a brain‐enriched microRNA, in retinoic acid‐differentiated neuroblastoma cells, and we found that this microRNA is up‐regulated in treated cells, where it down‐modulates the expression of two proteins involved in the migratory potential of neural cells: Reelin and DCX. Consistently, miR‐128 ectopic overexpression suppressed Reelin and DCX, whereas the LNA antisensemediated miR‐128 knockdown caused the two proteins to increase. Ectopic miR‐128 overexpression reduced neuroblastoma cell motility and invasiveness, and impaired cell growth. Finally, the analysis of a small series of primary human neuroblastomas showed an association between high levels of miR‐128 expression and favorable features, such as favorable Shimada category or very young age at diagnosis. Thus, we provide evidence for a role for miR‐128 in the molecular events modulating neuroblastoma progression and aggressiveness. —Evangelisti, C. , Florian, M. C. , Massimi, I. , Dominici, C. , Giannini, G. , Galardi, S. , Buè, M. C. , Massalini, S. , McDowell, H. P., Messi, E. , Gulino, A. , Farace, M. G. , Ciafrè, S. A. MiR‐128 up‐regulation inhibits Reelin and DCX expression and reduces neuroblastoma cell motility and invasiveness. FASEBJ. 23, 4276‐4287 (2009). www.fasebj. org
Real time 3D face pose discrimination based on active IR illumination

In this paper, we introduce a new approach for real-time 3D face pose discrimination based on active IR illumination from a monocular view of the camera. Under IR illumination, the pupils appear bright. We develop algorithms for efficient and robust detection and tracking of pupils in real time. Based on the geometric distortions of pupils under different face orientations, an eigen eye feature space is built based on training data that captures the relationship between 3D face orientation and the geometric features of the pupils. The 3D face pose for an input query image is subsequently classified using the eigen eye feature space.
High-Redshift Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies and Tunable Filter Imaging

Most surveys for multiply-imaged gravitational lenses, outside of rich galaxy clusters, are based on sifting through large samples of distant sources to identify the rare examples of lensing. An alternative strategy, based on the selection of optimal lines-of-sight, offers a number of significant advantages. Utilising the multiplex capability of wide-area multifibre spectroscopy, together with tunable Fabry-Perot imaging, it is now possible to undertake such investigations. Progress in compiling a sample of high-redshift star-forming galaxies, gravitationally lensed by massive early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift, z~0.4, is described.
Clustering heterogeneous data using clustering by compression

Nowadays, we have to deal with a large quantity of unstructured data, produced by a number of sources. The application of clustering on the World Wide Web is essential to getting structured information in response to user queries. In this paper, we intend to test the results of a new clustering technique - clustering by compression - when applied to heterogeneous sets of data. The clustering by compression procedure is based on a parameter-free, universal, similarity distance, the normalized compression distance or NCD, computed from the lengths of compressed data files (singly and in pair-wise concatenation).
Evaluating the condition-based approach to solve consensus

Several approaches have been proposed to circumvent the impossibility to solve consensus in asynchronous distributed systems prone to process crash failures. Among them, randomization, unreliable failure detectors, and leader oracles have been particularly investigated. Recently a new approach (called “condition-based”) has been proposed. Let an input vector be a vector whose i-th entry contains the value proposed by process pi. The conditionbased approach consists in stating conditions on input vectors that make consensus solvable despite up to f process crashes. Several conditions have been proposed. (As an example, one of them requires that the greatest value in an input vector appears more than f times.) This paper presents an evaluation of the condition-based approach to solve consensus. It shows that this approach is particularly attractive and very efficient when the probability of process crashes is low (a common fact in practice). In these cases, the probability for the condition-based protocol to terminate is practically equal to 1.
Sexual selection constrains the body mass of male but not female mice

Abstract Sexual size dimorphism results when female and male body size is influenced differently by natural and sexual selection. Typically, in polygynous species larger male body size is thought to be favored in competition for mates and constraints on maximal body size are due to countervailing natural selection on either sex; however, it has been postulated that sexual selection itself may result in stabilizing selection at an optimal mass. Here we test this hypothesis by retrospectively assessing the influence of body mass, one metric of body size, on the fitness of 113 wild‐derived house mice (Mus musculus) residing within ten replicate semi‐natural enclosures from previous studies conducted by our laboratory. Enclosures possess similar levels of sexual selection, but relaxed natural selection, relative to natural systems. Heavier females produced more offspring, while males of intermediate mass had the highest fitness. Female results suggest that some aspect of natural selection, absent from enclosures, acts to decrease their body mass, while the upper and lower boundaries of male mass are constrained by sexual selection.
Fast nearest neighbor algorithms on a linear array with a reconfigurable pipelined bus system

We present efficient algorithms for the nearest neighbor problem defined in an n/spl times/n binary image. We show that using a linear array with a reconfigurable pipelined bus system (LARPBS) of n/sup 2/ processors, the nearest neighbor problem can be solved in O(log log n) time, and using an LARPBS of n/sup 3/ processors, the nearest neighbor problem can be solved in O(1) time. We also show that the nearest neighbor problem can be solved on an LARPBS of n/sup 2/ processors in O(1) time with high probability.
The load dependence of the physical properties of a molecular motor

The physical properties of a molecular motor with load changing in a wide range will be discussed in this study, in particular the mean velocity, output power and energy efficiency. The main difficulty of this study is that both the states of the molecular motor and the energy barriers between them change with the loading force. Moreover, with the change of load, the number of motor states may also change, so different models should be used to calculate the corresponding physical quantities in different ranges of load. The results show that, in contrast to the usual intuition, the mean velocity and output power of the molecular motor do not change continuously with load.
HIERARCHICAL ORGANIZATION AND VISUALIZATION OF DRUM SAMPLE LIBRARIES

Drum samples are an important ingredient for many styles of music. Large libraries of drum sounds are readily available. However, their value is limited by the ways in which users can explore them to retrieve sounds. Available organization schemes rely on cumbersome manual classification. In this paper, we present a new approach for automatically structuring and visualizing large sample libraries through audio signal analysis. In particular, we present a hierarchical user interface for efficient exploration and retrieval based on a computational model of similarity and self-organizing maps.
The Paradox of Not Voting: A Decision Theoretic Analysis

Various analysts have noted that the decision to vote in mass elections is difficult to justify from the standpoint of an expected utility maximization model. Put simply, the probability that a citizen's vote will affect the outcome is so small that the expected gains from voting are outweighed by the costs in time and effort. Such analyses treat rational behavior as synonymous with expected utility maximization. In this paper we show that an alternative criterion for decision making under uncertainty, minimax regret, specifies voting under quite general conditions. Both two and three candidate plurality elections are considered. Interestingly, a minimax regret decision maker never votes for his second choice in a three candidate election, whereas expected utility maximizers clearly may. Thus, the model proposed has implications for candidate choice as well as turnout.
Predicting the Risk of Suicide by Analyzing the Text of Clinical Notes

We developed linguistics-driven prediction models to estimate the risk of suicide. These models were generated from unstructured clinical notes taken from a national sample of U.S. Veterans Administration (VA) medical records. We created three matched cohorts: veterans who committed suicide, veterans who used mental health services and did not commit suicide, and veterans who did not use mental health services and did not commit suicide during the observation period (n = 70 in each group). From the clinical notes, we generated datasets of single keywords and multi-word phrases, and constructed prediction models using a machine-learning algorithm based on a genetic programming framework. The resulting inference accuracy was consistently 65% or more. Our data therefore suggests that computerized text analytics can be applied to unstructured medical records to estimate the risk of suicide. The resulting system could allow clinicians to potentially screen seemingly healthy patients at the primary care level, and to continuously evaluate the suicide risk among psychiatric patients.
The imprints of galaxy cluster internal dynamics on the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Forthcoming measurements of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect in galaxy clusters will dramatically improve our understanding of the main intra-cluster medium (ICM) properties and how they depend on the particular thermal and dynamical state of the associated clusters. Using a sample of simulated galaxy clusters we assess the impact of the ICM internal dynamics on both the thermal and kinetic SZ effects (tSZ and kSZ, respectively). We produce synthetic maps of the SZ effect, for the simulated clusters. For each galaxy cluster in the sample, its dynamical state is estimated by using a combination of well-established indicators. We use the correlations between SZ maps and cluster dynamical state, to look for the imprints of the evolutionary events, mainly mergers, on the SZ signals. The kinetic effect shows a remarkable correlation with the dynamical state: unrelaxed clusters present a higher radial profile and an overall stronger signal at all masses and radii. Furthermore, the kSZ signal is correlated with rotation for relaxed clusters, while for the disturbed systems the effect is dominated by other motions such as bulk flows, turbulence, etc. The kSZ effect shows a dipolar pattern when averaging over cluster dynamical classes, especially for the relaxed population. This feature can be exploited to stack multiple kSZ maps in order to recover a stronger dipole signal that would be correlated with the global rotation properties of the sample. The SZ effect can be used as a tool to estimate the dynamical state of galaxy clusters, especially to segregate those clusters with a quiescent evolution from those with a rich record of recent merger events. Our results suggest that the forthcoming observational data measuring the SZ signal in clusters could be used as a complementary strategy to classify the evolutionary history of galaxy clusters.
Public speaking state anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of self‐perceived speaker competence

Communication researchers have examined trait and state anxiety and their effects on public speaking, linking anxiety to communicator competence. In this study, the effects of anxiety sensitivity and state anxiety on self‐perceived speaker competence are investigated. Results indicate that the inclusion of anxiety sensitivity increases the predictive value of reported state anxiety levels in predicting levels of communicator competence. Implications for the inclusion of anxiety sensitivity in future research are suggested.