Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The complete sequence of a 6794 bp segment located on the right arm of chromosome II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Finding of a putative dUTPase in a yeast

The DNA sequence of a 6794 bp fragment located at about 100 kb from the right telomere of chromosome II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined. Sequence analysis reveals five open reading frames. One is the ARO4 gene encoding the 3‐deoxy‐D‐arabinoheptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase. Another presents strong homology with the S5 ribosomal protein from bacteria. The open reading frame YBR1705 shows significant homology with dUTPase, suggesting for the first time the existence of such an enzyme in S. cerevisiae.
The Remote Socket Architecture: a proxy based solution for TCP over wireless

As wireless technology evolves, Internet access at any time, at any place today is close to becoming reality. Classic Internet protocols like TCP, however, cannot efficiently handle certain properties of wireless networks like high bit error rates. This is the cause for an ongoing discussion whether or not proxy based approaches that break the end-to-end philosophy of the Internet are an alternative to the classic Internet access, where each computer necessitates a TCP/IP protocol stack and an IP address. The Remote Socket Architecture (ReSoA) that is developed and specified in the scope of this thesis, pursues a proxy based approach. ReSoA was motivated by the observation that it is not the underlying protocol, but rather the interface between application and protocol stack, and the expected service that are important from the application point of view. ReSoA is a distributed realization of the widely deployed BSD socket interface. Each BSD socket function was analyzed and emulated for the design of ReSoA. To verify that ReSoA is semantically equivalent to the BSD socket interface, tests with existing applications were performed and an SDL specification was developed. The SDL specification permits the investigation of ReSoA independent of an implementation. All investigations confirmed that ReSoA is transparent to applications. A systematic performance evaluation, incorporating measurements as well as simulations, is performed as part of this thesis. The goal of this performance evaluation is the comparison of TCP to ReSoA with different network properties like bitrate, error model, and delay, in order to determine rules of thumb that can help to decide under which circumstances the deployment of a proxy is especially useful. The measurements in a wireless LAN environment (IEEE 802.11b) have shown that ReSoA achieves a performance gain over TCP even for good positions due to its protocols especially tailored for half-duplex channels (no packets are lost). This gain increases for bad positions. The simulations showed that ReSoA is especially beneficial for access networks with long delays, and if packet losses occur in the Internet.
Attenuated Stress Response to Acute Restraint and Forced Swimming Stress in Arginine Vasopressin 1b Receptor Subtype (Avpr1b) Receptor Knockout Mice and Wild-Type Mice Treated with a Novel Avpr1b Receptor Antagonist

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesised in the parvocellular region of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and released into the pituitary portal vessels acts on the 1b receptor subtype (Avpr1b) present in anterior pituitary corticotrophs to modulate the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). Corticotrophin‐releasing hormone is considered the major drive behind ACTH release; however, its action is augmented synergistically by AVP. To determine the extent of vasopressinergic influence in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis response to restraint and forced swimming stress, we compared the stress hormone levels [plasma ACTH in both stressors and corticosterone (CORT) in restraint stress only] following acute stress in mutant Avpr1b knockout (KO) mice compared to their wild‐type controls following the administration of a novel Avpr1b antagonist. Restraint and forced swimming stress‐induced increases in plasma ACTH were significantly diminished in mice lacking a functional Avpr1b and in wild‐type mice that had been pre‐treated with Avpr1b antagonist. A corresponding decrease in plasma CORT levels was also observed in acute restraint‐stressed knockout male mice, and in Avpr1b‐antagonist‐treated male wild‐type mice. By contrast, plasma CORT levels were not reduced in acutely restraint‐stressed female knockout animals, or in female wild‐type animals pre‐treated with Avpr1b antagonist. These results demonstrate that pharmacological antagonism or inactivation of Avpr1b causes a reduction in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis response, particularly ACTH, to acute restraint and forced swimming stress, and show that Avpr1b knockout mice constitute a model by which to study the contribution of Avpr1b to the HPA axis response to acute stressors.
Elemental Design Patterns: A Link Between Architecture and Object Semantics

Design patterns are an important concept in the field of software engineering, providing a language and application independent method for expressing and conveying lessons learned by experienced designers. There is a large gap, however, between the aesthetic and elegance of the patterns as intended and the reality of working with an ultimately mathematically expressible system such as code. In this paper we describe a step towards meaningful formal analysis of code within the language of patterns, and discuss potential uses. The major contributions include: a compendium of Elemental Design Patterns (EDPs), a layer of seemingly simplistic relationships between objects that, on closer inspection, provide a critical link between the world of formal analysis and the realm of pattern design and implementation without reducing the patterns to merely syntactic constructs; an extension to the ς-calculus, termed ρ-calculus, a formal notation for expressing relationships between the elements of object oriented languages, and its use in expressing the EDPs directly. We discuss their use in composition and decomposition of existing patterns, identification of pattern use in existing code to aid comprehension, support for refactoring of designs, integration with traditional code analysis techniques, and the education of students of software architecture.
The effects of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy on patients with chronic anxiety and depression – a pilot study

Despite the fact that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be evidently effective in managing affective disorders, a substantial number of patients struggle with residual symptoms and become long term patients in mental health organizations. Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Teasdale, Segal, & Williams, 1995) is a group treatment derived from a synthesis of cognitive therapy and Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn and colleagues. Because of its special characteristic, namely, focusing less on control of psychological distress but emphasizing the acceptance of these private events, this new intervention MBCT is assumed to be well suited to be added to existing psychotherapeutic protocol. This study was conducted to get an idea of the effect of MBCT in treating patients with chronic/recurrent depression and/or anxiety disorder in the mental health organization “Dimence” in The Netherlands, Overijssel. In a pilot study with seven participating patients with chronic/recurrent depression and/or anxiety disorder, levels of symptoms, well-being, acceptance and mindfulness were measured before treatment, after three introduction sessions and the end of the eight sessions MBCT. Finally, an evaluation questionnaire was administered. Data was analyzed using individual analysis of reliable change (RC) (Jacobson & Truax, 1991). The aim of the present research was to analyze whether Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)(a) affects the depressive symptoms of the target group and significantly decreases symptomatology, (b) affects the anxious symptoms of the target group and significantly decreases symptomatology, (c) promotes the mental health of the target group, (d) fosters acceptance as an alternative strategy to experiential avoidance, and (e) promotes mindfulness of the target group at “Dimence”. Furthermore acceptability and feasibility of the training were evaluated. These analyses served to emerge recommendations toimprove the training by approaching the needs of the target group. This pilot study provides sustainable evidence of the effect of MBCT as a tool to treat patients with chronic anxiety and depression at the mental health organization “Dimence” in Overijssel. The mediating effect of acceptance in fostering well-being and reducing affective symptoms can be supported by this study as well. These results are particularly promising, given the chronic nature of the disorders of the participants. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the training was very well- accepted by the target group.
Exponential decay for binary time‐varying covariates in Cox models

Cox models are commonly used in the analysis of time to event data. One advantage of Cox models is the ability to include time‐varying covariates, often a binary covariate that codes for the occurrence of an event that affects an individual subject. A common assumption in this case is that the effect of the event on the outcome of interest is constant and permanent for each subject. In this paper, we propose a modification to the Cox model to allow the influence of an event to exponentially decay over time. Methods for generating data using the inverse cumulative density function for the proposed model are developed. Likelihood ratio tests and AIC are investigated as methods for comparing the proposed model to the commonly used permanent exposure model. A simulation study is performed, and 3 different data sets are presented as examples.
Neuropsychological Assessment of the College Football Player

The application of neuropsychological assessment procedures to the evaluation of athletes has recently become an area of intense interest and debate and has led to the development of research initiatives at both the amateur and the professional level. However, to date, only a handful of research studies have been completed that have addressed the special issues that accompany the use of neuropsychological assessment instruments with athletes. This article reviews the past use of psychological testing in sports and presents a model of neuropsychological assessment that is currently being utilized in the National Football League. In addition, the extension of this approach to major college football is discussed and test-retest data from a sample presented to provide the basis for comparison of athletes who have suffered a concussion. Recommendations of a national panel of neuropsychologlsts who are involved in the evaluation of athletes are presented in hopes of encouraging new research initiatives in this area.
Rapid Method To Determine Intracellular Drug Concentrations in Cellular Uptake Assays: Application to Metformin in Organic Cation Transporter 1–Transfected Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells

Because of the importance of intracellular unbound drug concentrations in the prediction of in vivo concentrations that are determinants of drug efficacy and toxicity, a number of assays have been developed to assess in vitro unbound concentrations of drugs. Here we present a rapid method to determine the intracellular unbound drug concentrations in cultured cells, and we apply the method along with a mechanistic model to predict concentrations of metformin in subcellular compartments of stably transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. Intracellular space (ICS) was calculated by subtracting the [3H]-inulin distribution volume (extracellular space, ECS) from the [14C]-urea distribution volume (total water space, TWS). Values obtained for intracellular space (mean ± S.E.M.; μl/106 cells) of monolayers of HEK cells (HEK-empty vector [EV]) and cells overexpressing human organic cation transporter 1 (HEK-OCT1), 1.21± 0.07 and 1.25±0.06, respectively, were used to determine the intracellular metformin concentrations. After incubation of the cells with 5 µM metformin, the intracellular concentrations were 26.4 ± 7.8 μM and 268 ± 11.0 μM, respectively, in HEK-EV and HEK-OCT1. In addition, intracellular metformin concentrations were lower in high K+ buffer (140 mM KCl) compared with normal K+ buffer (5.4 mM KCl) in HEK-OCT1 cells (54.8 ± 3.8 μM and 198.1 ± 11.2 μM, respectively; P < 0.05). Our mechanistic model suggests that, depending on the credible range of assumed physiologic values, the positively charged metformin accumulates to particularly high levels in endoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. This method together with the computational model can be used to determine intracellular unbound concentrations and to predict subcellular accumulation of drugs in other complex systems such as primary cells.
Fault diagnosis method based on multiple sparse kernel classifiers

Nonlinear fault diagnosis methods based on kernel function have great computation complexity for all training samples are introduced in model training. This paper proposes a novel nonlinear fault diagnosis method based on multiple sparse kernel classifiers (MSKC). In the proposed method, fault diagnosis is viewed as a nonlinear classification problem between normal data and fault data. Kernel trick is applied to construct multiple nonlinear classifiers for different fault scenes. In order to reduce the complexity of kernel classifier and improve classifier generalization capability, a forward orthogonal selection procedure is applied to minimize the leave one out classification error. Lastly, multiple sparse kernel classifiers are combined by weight voting technique to build a monitoring statistic. Simulation of a continuous stirred tank reactor system shows that the proposed method performs better compared with kernel principal component analysis method in terms of fault detection performance and computation efficiency.
Harvest of Red-Legged Partridge in Central Spain

A basic rule to attain sustainable use of harvested resources is to adjust take to availability. Populations of red-legged partridges in Spain have decreased in recent decades, and releases of farm-bred partridges to improve short-term availability are increasingly common. We used questionnaires and bird surveys to assess whether harvest was related to availability of wild partridges or intensity of farm-bred partridge releases. We studied 50 hunting estates, including 6 administratively labeled as intensive (with few numerical and temporal restrictions to releases). In addition, we considered hunting pressure (number of hunters × hunting days/km2) and habitat as explanatory variables in the analyses. In intensive estates, annual harvest was exclusively related to release intensity, indicating that in these estates hunting is detached from natural resources and approaches an industrial activity based on external inputs. In non-intensive estates, harvest was affected by wild stock availability, walked-up shooting pressure, and habitat (greater harvest in estates with more Mediterranean shrubland). In these estates, releases did not increase annual harvest, and can be considered an inefficient practice. Additionally, the relationship between abundance estimates and harvest disappeared in estates with low partridge abundance estimates, suggesting possibilities for overharvesting in a large proportion of estates. Increasing the abundance of wild red-legged partridge through techniques like habitat management, and improving the adjustment of harvest to availability, may be a good strategy to increase long-term harvest in non-intensive estates. Additionally, Government and managers must create ways to segregate and label the estates where only wild red-legged partridges are managed from those where releases are used, to reduce ecological costs of management decisions. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Refractive Error and Presbyopia Among Adults in Fiji

Purpose: To characterize refractive error, presbyopia and their correction among adults aged ≥ 40 years in Fiji, and contribute to a regional overview of these conditions. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey using multistage cluster random sampling. Presenting distance and near vision were measured and dilated slitlamp examination performed. Results: The survey achieved 73.0% participation (n = 1381). Presenting binocular distance vision ≥ 6/18 was achieved by 1223 participants. Another 79 had vision impaired by refractive error. Three of these were blind. At threshold 6/18, 204 participants had refractive error. Among these, 125 had spectacle-corrected presenting vision ≥ 6/18 (“met refractive error need”); 79 presented wearing no (n = 74) or under-correcting (n = 5) distance spectacles (“unmet refractive error need”). Presenting binocular near vision ≥ N8 was achieved by 833 participants. At threshold N8, 811 participants had presbyopia. Among these, 336 attained N8 with presenting near spectacles (“met presbyopia need”); 475 presented with no (n = 402) or under-correcting (n = 73) near spectacles (“unmet presbyopia need”). Rural residence was predictive of unmet refractive error (p = 0.040) and presbyopia (p = 0.016) need. Gender and household income source were not. Ethnicity-gender-age-domicile-adjusted to the Fiji population aged ≥ 40 years, “met refractive error need” was 10.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.7–11.9%), “unmet refractive error need” was 4.8% (95%CI 3.6–5.9%), “refractive error correction coverage” was 68.3% (95%CI 54.4–82.2%),”met presbyopia need” was 24.6% (95%CI 22.4–26.9%), “unmet presbyopia need” was 33.8% (95%CI 31.3–36.3%), and “presbyopia correction coverage” was 42.2% (95%CI 37.6–46.8%). Conclusion: Fiji refraction and dispensing services should encourage uptake by rural dwellers and promote presbyopia correction. Lack of comparable data from neighbouring countries prevents a regional overview.
Transcriptomic profiling of adaptive responses to ocean acidification

Some populations of marine organisms appear to have inherent tolerance or the capacity for acclimation to stressful environmental conditions, including those associated with climate change. Sydney rock oysters from the B2 breeding line exhibit resilience to ocean acidification (OA) at the physiological level. To understand the molecular basis of this physiological resilience, we analysed the gill transcriptome of B2 oysters that had been exposed to near‐future projected ocean pH over two consecutive generations. Our results suggest that the distinctive performance of B2 oysters in the face of OA is mediated by the selective expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes. Subsequent high‐throughput qPCR revealed that some of these transcriptional changes are exclusive to B2 oysters and so may be associated with their resilience to OA. The intracellular processes mediated by the differentially abundant genes primarily involve control of the cell cycle and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. These changes may enable B2 oysters to prevent apoptosis resulting from oxidative damage or to alleviate the effects of apoptosis through regulation of the cell cycle. Comparative analysis of the OA conditioning effects across sequential generations supported the contention that B2 and wild‐type oysters have different trajectories of changing gene expression and responding to OA. Our findings reveal the broad set of molecular processes underlying transgenerational conditioning and potential resilience to OA in a marine calcifier. Identifying the mechanisms of stress resilience can uncover the intracellular basis for these organisms to survive and thrive in a rapidly changing ocean.
Potential role for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the treatment of glaucoma

Therapeutic methods directed at alleviating the basic pathological processes of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) are yet to be established. Although there seems to be little doubt that intraocular pressure (IOP) represents a risk factor in most patients, reduction of IOP does not prevent progression in every patient with NTG, indicating that factors other than elevated IOP are involved in glaucoma progression. New avenues of treatment under investigation include agents that could improve blood flow to the eye and neuroprotective drugs. The major components of the renin-angiotensin system have been identified in ocular tissue. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used to treat systemic hypertension. ACE inhibitors are inhibitors of kininase II and thus prevent breakdown of bradykinin. Bradykinin displays protective actions against glutamate neurotoxicity through bradykinin-B2 receptors in cultured retinal neurons. ACE inhibitors blocked the liberation of angiotensin II from angiotensin I. Lower angiotensin II levels may have beneficial effects on outcomes by lowering vascular superoxide anion production. The effects of ACE inhibitor as a potential antiglaucoma therapy deserve intense scrutiny.
Virtualized Cloud Radio Access Network for 5G Transport

Current radio access networks (RANs) need to evolve to handle diverse service requirements coming from the growing number of connected devices and increasing data rates for the upcoming 5G era. Incremental improvements on traditional distributed RANs cannot satisfy these requirements, so the novel and disruptive concept of a cloud RAN (CRAN) has been proposed to decouple digital units (DUs) and radio units (RUs) of base stations (BSs), and centralize DUs into a central office, where virtualization and cloud computing technologies are leveraged to move DUs into the cloud. However, separating RUs and DUs requires low-latency and high-bandwidth connectivity links, called "fronthaul," as opposed to traditional backhaul links. Hence, design of the 5G transport network, that is, the part of the network that carries mobile data traffic between BSs and the core network and data centers, is key to meet the new 5G mobile service requirements and effectively transport the fronthaul traffic. Today, consensus is yet to be achieved on how the fronthaul traffic will be transported between RUs and DUs, and how virtualization of network resources will occur from a radio network segment to the centralized baseband processing units. In this article, we present a new 5G architecture, called virtualized cloud radio access network (V-CRAN), moving toward a cell-less 5G network architecture. We leverage the concept of a virtualized BS (V-BS) that can be optimally formed by exploiting several enabling technologies such as software defined radio (SDR) and coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission/reception. A V-BS can be formed on a per-cell basis or per-user basis by allocating virtualized resources on demand. For the fronthaul solution, our approach exploits the passive optical network (PON), where a wavelength can be dynamically assigned and shared to form a virtualized passive optical network (VPON). Several use cases of the V-CRAN are presented to show how network architecture evolution can enhance system throughput, energy efficiency, and mobility management.
Line Analyzer Techniques for Teeth Using Edge-Based Method and Gray-Based Method

As every field is going to be advance in and each field use an upcoming technology, the oral medicine are also updating the instrument for measuring the dimension of teeth for proper alignment at proper place, there are many instrument which are used to calculate the parameters of teeth for line analyzer, but the calculated value considered was not in point fraction which had lead to improper data as after teeth preparation, filler was used to align and fit the teeth at proper position. But with use of HD micro-camera the image will be taken which will go under various calculating measure for finding the proper fraction value.