Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach for Grammatical Constructs of Sanskrit Language using Morpheme and Parts-of-Speech Tagging by Sanskrit Corpus

Sanskrit since many thousands of years has been the oriental language of India. It is the base for most of the Indian Languages. Statistical processing of Natural Language is based on corpora (singular corpus). Collection of texts of the written and spoken words is known as Language corpus, which is collected in an organized way, in electronic media for the purpose of linguistic research. It presents as a resource to be systematically ‘consulted’ by language investigators. This paper explains an approach for tagging the corpora automatically at word and morphemic levels for Sanskrit. It also gives different tag sets used at both the levels. KeywordsPart-Of-Speech, tagging, noun, verb, parsing, lexical analysis.
Telomere Disruption Results in Non-Random Formation of De Novo Dicentric Chromosomes Involving Acrocentric Human Chromosomes

Genome rearrangement often produces chromosomes with two centromeres (dicentrics) that are inherently unstable because of bridge formation and breakage during cell division. However, mammalian dicentrics, and particularly those in humans, can be quite stable, usually because one centromere is functionally silenced. Molecular mechanisms of centromere inactivation are poorly understood since there are few systems to experimentally create dicentric human chromosomes. Here, we describe a human cell culture model that enriches for de novo dicentrics. We demonstrate that transient disruption of human telomere structure non-randomly produces dicentric fusions involving acrocentric chromosomes. The induced dicentrics vary in structure near fusion breakpoints and like naturally-occurring dicentrics, exhibit various inter-centromeric distances. Many functional dicentrics persist for months after formation. Even those with distantly spaced centromeres remain functionally dicentric for 20 cell generations. Other dicentrics within the population reflect centromere inactivation. In some cases, centromere inactivation occurs by an apparently epigenetic mechanism. In other dicentrics, the size of the α-satellite DNA array associated with CENP-A is reduced compared to the same array before dicentric formation. Extra-chromosomal fragments that contained CENP-A often appear in the same cells as dicentrics. Some of these fragments are derived from the same α-satellite DNA array as inactivated centromeres. Our results indicate that dicentric human chromosomes undergo alternative fates after formation. Many retain two active centromeres and are stable through multiple cell divisions. Others undergo centromere inactivation. This event occurs within a broad temporal window and can involve deletion of chromatin that marks the locus as a site for CENP-A maintenance/replenishment.
Lyapunov function based design of PMSM state observer for sensorless control

Permanent magnet synchronous (PMSM) drives become very popular in many industrial applications. Their construction provides better performance and reliability than DC drives. But there is also one significant disadvantage - actual rotor position knowledge is necessary to control the drive even in the case when only speed control is required. A position sensor has to be used increasing the drive cost. Algorithms for rotor position and speed estimation from electrical quantities have been developed by many authors. This paper presents a new approach of speed and position estimation based on the estimator stability analysis.
Virus-Like Particles Harboring CCL19, IL-2 and HPV16 E7 Elicit Protective T Cell Responses in HLA-A2 Transgenic Mice

Infection by high-risk genotypes of human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is the cause of cancer of the uterine cervix. Although prophylactic vaccines directed against the two most prevalent HR-HPV types (HPV16 and 18) have been commercialized recently, there is a need for effective therapeutic vaccines against HR-HPVs. We have tested in mice a chimeric protein composed of the hepatitis B small surface antigen (HBsAg(S)) flanked at its N-terminus by chemokine CC ligand 19/macrophage inflammatory protein-3β (CCL19/MIP-3β), and at the C-terminus by interleukin 2 (IL-2) and an artificial HPV16 E7 polytope. This protein is assembled into nanoparticles and both CCL19 and IL-2 conserve their functionality. HLA-A2 (AAD) transgenic mice immunized with a plasmid encoding this protein mounted specific T cell responses against E7 without the need of an adjuvant. Furthermore, vaccination prevented the development of tumors after implantation of the E6/E7-expressing TC-1/A2 tumor cell line. Our results suggest that vaccines based on HBsAg(S) nanoparticles carrying short E7 epitopes and immune-stimulatory domains might be of therapeutic value in the treatment of patients suffering from cervical pre-cancer or cancer lesions caused by HR-HPVs.
The Collegiate Experiences of Lesbians In Panhellenic Sororities

iv Chapter One: Introduction . 1 Chapter Two: Literature Review . 7 Chapter Three: Methods . 27 Chapter Four: Results . 36 Chapter Five: Discussion . 51 References . 63 Appendix A: Internal Review Board Protocol . 68 Appendix B: Internal Review Board Approval . 72 Appendix C: Recruitment Cover Letter . 73 Appendix D: Interview Questions . 75
NYU: Description of the MENE Named Entity System as Used in MUC-7

This paper describes a new system called \Maximum Entropy Named Entity" or \MENE" (pronounced \meanie") which was NYU's entrant in the MUC-7 named entity evaluation. By working within the framework of maximum entropy theory and utilizing a exible object-based architecture, the system is able to make use of an extraordinarily diverse range of knowledge sources in making its tagging decisions. These knowledge sources include capitalization features, lexical features and features indicating the current type of text (i.e. headline or main body). It makes use of a broad array of dictionaries of useful single or multi-word terms such as rst names, company names, and corporate su xes. These dictionaries required no manual editing and were either downloaded from the web or were simply \obvious" lists entered by hand.
Prediction models for wind speed at turbine locations in a wind farm

In wind farms, individual turbines disturb the wind field by generating wakes that influence other turbines in the farm. From a control point of view, there is an interest in dynamic optimization of the balance between fatigue and production, and an understanding of the relationship between turbines manifested through the wind field is hence required. This paper develops models for this relationship. The result is based on two new contributions: the first is related to the estimation of effective wind speeds, which serves as a basis for the second contribution to wind speed prediction models. Based on standard turbine measurements such as rotor speed and power produced, an effective wind speed, which represents the wind field averaged over the rotor disc, is derived. The effective wind speed estimator is based on a continuous–discrete extended Kalman filter that takes advantage of nonlinear time varying turbulence models. The estimator includes a nonlinear time varying wind speed model, which compared with literature results in an adaptive filter. Given the estimated effective wind speed, it is possible to establish wind speed prediction models by system identification. As the prediction models are based on the result related to effective wind speed, it is possible to predict wind speeds at neighboring turbines, with a separation of over 700 m, up to 1 min ahead reducing the error by 30% compared with a persistence method. The methodological results are demonstrated on data from an off-shore wind farm. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell Therapy Attenuates Cardiac Dysfunction Post Myocardial Infarction: Effect of Timing, Routes of Injection and a Fibrin Scaffold

Background Cell therapy approaches for biologic cardiac repair hold great promises, although basic fundamental issues remain poorly understood. In the present study we examined the effects of timing and routes of administration of bone marrow cells (BMC) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and the efficacy of an injectable biopolymer scaffold to improve cardiac cell retention and function. Methodology/Principal Findings 99mTc-labeled BMC (6×106 cells) were injected by 4 different routes in adult rats: intravenous (IV), left ventricular cavity (LV), left ventricular cavity with temporal aorta occlusion (LV+) to mimic coronary injection, and intramyocardial (IM). The injections were performed 1, 2, 3, or 7 days post-MI and cell retention was estimated by γ-emission counting of the organs excised 24 hs after cell injection. IM injection improved cell retention and attenuated cardiac dysfunction, whereas IV, LV or LV* routes were somewhat inefficient (<1%). Cardiac BMC retention was not influenced by timing except for the IM injection that showed greater cell retention at 7 (16%) vs. 1, 2 or 3 (average of 7%) days post-MI. Cardiac cell retention was further improved by an injectable fibrin scaffold at day 3 post-MI (17 vs. 7%), even though morphometric and function parameters evaluated 4 weeks later displayed similar improvements. Conclusions/Significance These results show that cells injected post-MI display comparable tissue distribution profile regardless of the route of injection and that there is no time effect for cardiac cell accumulation for injections performed 1 to 3 days post-MI. As expected the IM injection is the most efficient for cardiac cell retention, it can be further improved by co-injection with a fibrin scaffold and it significantly attenuates cardiac dysfunction evaluated 4 weeks post myocardial infarction. These pharmacokinetic data obtained under similar experimental conditions are essential for further development of these novel approaches.
MULTI-LEVEL AES DESIGN SECURITY : FROM SYSTEMC-TLM TO FPGA

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic system are widely used in embedded systems to secure secret information. One of the most powerful cryptanalysis techniques against the cryptographic systems is the fault injection attacks. The complexity of cryptographic systems is increasing which requires fast security attacks simulation against fault injection attacks. The multi-level Electronic System Level approach is one promising candidate that allows models to reach higher simulation speed. It is known that the SystemC Transaction Level Modeling (TLM) package simulates models 1000 times higher than classical Register Transfer Level (RTL) simulators. In this paper, we present a secure reconfigurable AES design against the fault injection attacks at the Electronic System Level. Simulation results demonstrate that the simulation time is dependent of the fault detection schemes types. Moreover, The SystemC design is refined to RTL level. It is translated from SystemC description to a VHDL equivalent and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. Experimental synthesis results show that the secure reconfigurable AES design is very robust against fault injection attacks and the fault detection scheme information redundancy allows a trade-off between the hardware overhead and the security against fault injection attacks.
Non-human Primates in Neuroscience Research: The Case against its Scientific Necessity

Public opposition to non-human primate (NHP) experiments is significant, yet those who defend them cite minimal harm to NHPs and substantial human benefit. Here we review these claims of benefit, specifically in neuroscience, and show that: a) there is a default assumption of their human relevance and benefit, rather than robust evidence; b) their human relevance and essential contribution and necessity are wholly overstated; c) the contribution and capacity of non-animal investigative methods are greatly understated; and d) confounding issues, such as species differences and the effects of stress and anaesthesia, are usually overlooked. This is the case in NHP research generally, but here we specifically focus on the development and interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), deep brain stimulation (DBS), the understanding of neural oscillations and memory, and investigation of the neural control of movement and of vision/binocular rivalry. The increasing power of human-specific methods, including advances in fMRI and invasive techniques such as electrocorticography and single-unit recordings, is discussed. These methods serve to render NHP approaches redundant. We conclude that the defence of NHP use is groundless, and that neuroscience would be more relevant and successful for humans, if it were conducted with a direct human focus. We have confidence in opposing NHP neuroscience, both on scientific as well as on ethical grounds.
The Biosynthesis of Polyamines in the Brain of Audiogenic Seizure‐Susceptible and ‐Resistant Deermice

Abstract: The biosynthesis of polyamines was investigated in the brains of the audiogenic seizure‐susceptible (SS) mutant and the wild‐type, seizure‐resistant (SR) deermouse Peromyscus maniculatus bairdii. For this purpose a new, rapid, and economical high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure for the quantitation of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine was developed. Benzoyl derivatives of the polyamines, prepared from a crude brain supernatant, were ether extracted and, following removal of the ether, were separated and quantitated by HPLC. The high sensitivity of the method allows quantitation of putrescine in 50 mg and of spermidine and spermine, in as little as 2‐2.5 mg, of brain tissue. No differences were found in endogenous levels of the 3 polyamines in brains of SS vs SR deermice. Using [14C]putrescine as a polyamine precursor, we found the specific radioactivity of spermidine to be lower in the SS than in the SR brains following a 1 h intraventricular (i.vt.) pulse. No such differences were noted if [3,4‐14C]methionine was used as the polyamine precursor. To test whether the flux of methionine through the transmethylation pathway was also different in SS and SR deermouse brain, we administered [1‐14C]methionine (i.vt.) (1 h pulse). Even though the brains of SS animals contained higher methionine and lower S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (AdoMet) levels than the SR brains, the specific radioactivities of methionine and AdoMet were, respectively, lower and higher in SS compared to SR brains. The latter results are in agreement with our previous findings of an accelerated utilization of AdoMet in brains of Swiss‐Webster mice following administration of the chemical convulsant l‐methionine‐d,l‐sulfoximine (MSO). Taken together, the data suggest that the SS condition, whether genetically determined (as in the SS deermouse) or chemically elicited (as after MSO), correlates positively with higher than normal rates of conversion of methionine to brain AdoMet and leads to an enhanced rate of utilization of AdoMet via the transmethylation pathway.
Software Card Emulation in NFC-enabled Mobile Phones: Great Advantage or Security Nightmare?

Software card emulation is a new approch to advance the interoperability of NFC with legacy contactless smartcard systems. It has been first introduced to NFC-enabled mobile phones by Research In Motion (RIM) on their BlackBerry platform. Software card emulation aims at opening and simplifying the complex and tightly controlled card emulation functionality. While this form of card emulation, that gets rid of the secure element (a device tightly controlled by the “big players”), is a great chance for development of innovative NFC applications, it potentially makes card emulation less secure and paves the way for interesting attack scenarios. This paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of software card emulation based on existing application scenarios and recent research results.
Higher order graviton scattering in M(atrix) theory

In matrix theory the effective action for graviton-graviton scattering is a double expansion in the relative velocity and inverse separation. We discuss the systematics of this expansion and subject matrix theory to a new test. Low-energy supergravity predicts the coefficient of the v{sup 6}/r{sup 14} term, a two-loop effect, in agreement with explicit matrix model calculations. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Object-Oriented Software and UML-Based Testing : A Survey Report

As object-oriented paradigm becomes more mature, software development industry and researchers turn their attention towards the paradigm. Features of the paradigm, i.e. encapsulation, information hiding, inheritance, and polymorphism, promote concepts of modularity, reusability, and maintainability. Nowadays, it is clear that object-oriented paradigm, although provides these profitable features, requires special care for testing. However, a lot of early works in object-oriented software testing discuss similarities and differences between testing for procedural programming and objectoriented programming. At that time, issues in object-oriented testing had yet to be addressed.
A short survey of Advantages and Applications of Skip Graphs

Although the enormous growth of Internet, Social Network, Cloud Computing, etc. has brought the world closer and faster, major concern for computer experts is how to store such enormous amount of data especially in form of graphs. Further, data structure used for storage of such type of data should provide efficient format for fast retrieval of data as and when required. Although adjacency matrix is an effective technique to represent a graph having few or large number of nodes and vertices but when it comes to analysis of huge amount of data from site likes like face book or twitter, adjacency matrix cannot do this. This paper provides a special kind of data structure, skip graph which can be efficiently used for storing such type of data resulting in optimal storage, space utilization and retrieval.
Migrant Educational Mismatch and the Labour Market

This paper reviews the literature on educational mismatch of immigrants in the labour market of destination countries. It draws on the theoretical arguments postulated in the labour economics literature and discusses their extension in the analysis of the causes and effects of immigrants' educational mismatch in the destination country. Relevant empirical approaches have been presented which show that immigrants are in general more over-educated than natives and that the reasons for those range from imperfect transferability of human capital to discrimination to perhaps lack of innate ability. It then assesses the state of current literature and proposes an agenda for further research.
Graph matching method for character recognition in natural scene images: A study of character recognition in natural scene image considering visual impairments

In this paper, we proposed feature extraction method in natural scene images. And also, we develop character recognition system using feature extraction method in natural scene images. A graph matching method use structural feature of character. It is recognition method that it considers relation of position and structural relation. It is robust method to change of font or rotation. In order to proof it, we tested two cases that training font and test font are same case or difference case.
Performance Oriented Design Perspectives of Run-Time Reconfigurable Computing Systems

Reconfigurable computing is becoming an integral part of emerging scientific research since last few decades. The main theme beyond this new technology is to integrate the performance benefits of application specific integrated circuits with the hardware flexibility of programmable processors in a single chip. The reconfigurable computing devices like field programmable gate arrays have already been playing a vital role in the enhancement of the existing technology but still reconfigurable computing is suffering from many technological drawbacks including the huge configuration overheads of existing reconfigurable devices, the lack of supporting high level software tools, the support of immature compilation tools and even the lack of supporting operating systems for the existing optimally reconfigurable devices. This research paper introduces the reconfigurable computing from its hardware and software perspectives being existent and further demanded for future work and emerging research dimensions in this area. Many factors have been pointed out for further improvements so that the under laying technology can be rapidly boosted up so that to support the requirements of the emerging scientific applications.
Modeling and simulation of a hybrid electric propulsion system of a green ship

In this work, the hybrid electric propulsion system of a marine vehicle was modeled in MATLAB Simulink and SimPowerSystems. Models of each of the propulsion components were developed and incorporated into a complete system propulsion model. A rule-based supervisory mode controller was constructed which specifies the combination of onboard power sources to be used throughout the mission cycle. The hybrid electric propulsion and control model was simulated on a dSPACE hardware-in-the-loop platform. For each simulation, the energy storage system state of charge, HEV mode, propeller motor drive speed set point, and hotel load were specified. This study forms the foundation for further research in ship hybrid electric propulsion system design and power management.
Participant roles, thematic roles and syntactic relations

Semantic relations are analyzed at the levels of participant roles, thematic roles and syntactic relations. The first level serves as a tertium comparationis for linguistic strategies recognized at the two lower levels. A couple of functional subdomains of participation are analyzed, including causation, benefaction, external possession and concomitance. Languages differ typologically by their choice as to which participant roles they express and which ones they leave to inference. In some participant constellations, the choice of a particular strategy is semantically motivated; in other constellations it is not so motivated, but may still be pursued by a language. A language may be characterized at the typological level by the extension of a strategy over and above its proper functional domain.
Spatial distribution of forest aboveground biomass estimated from remote sensing and forest inventory data in New England, USA

We combined satellite (Landsat 7 and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) and U.S. Department of Agriculture forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB) across New England, USA. This is practical for large-scale carbon studies and may reduce uncertainty of AGB estimates. We estimate that total regional forest AGB was 1,867 teragram (10 12, dry weight) in 2001, with a mean AGB density of 120 Mg/ha (Standard deviation = 54 Mg/ha) ranging from 15 to 240 Mg/ha within a 95% percentile. The majority of regional AGB density was in the range of 80 to 160 Mg/ha (58.2%). High AGB densities were observed along the Appalachian Mountains from northwestern Connecticut to the Green Mountains in Vermont and White Mountains in New Hampshire, while low AGB densities were concentrated in the Downeast area of Maine (ME) and the Cape Cod area of Massachusetts (MA). At the state level, the averaged difference in mean AGB densities between simulated and FIA (as reference) was -2.0% ranging from 0% to -4.2% with a standard error of 3.2%. Within the 95% confidence interval the differences between FIA and simulated AGB densities ranged from 0 to 6% (absolute value). Our study may provide useful information for regional fuel-loading estimates.