Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bis(1-benzylpiperazine-1,4-diium) hexachloridocadmate(II) dihydrate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C11H18N2)2[CdCl6]·2H2O, consists of one 1-benzylpiperazine-1,4-diium dication, one water molecule and one-half of a [CdCl6]4− anion, located on an inversion centre. The crystal packing is governed by an extensive three-dimensional network of intermolecular O—H⋯Cl, C—H⋯Cl, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, two of them bifurcated.
Excess target‐derived neurotrophin‐3 alters the segmental innervation of the skin

It is thought that dermatomes are established during development as a result of competition between afferents of neighbouring segments. Mice that overexpress neurotrophins in the skin provide an interesting model to test this hypothesis, as they possess increased numbers of sensory neurons, and display hyperinnervation of the skin. When dermatomal boundaries were mapped in adult mice, it was found that those in nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor overexpressers were indistinguishable from wild‐type animals but that overlap between adjacent segments was greatly reduced in neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) overexpressers. However, dermatomes in heterozygous NT‐3 knockout mice displayed no more overlap than wild‐types. In order to quantify differences across strains, innervation territories of thoracic dorsal cutaneous nerves were mapped and measured in adult mice. Overlap between adjacent dorsal cutaneous nerves was normal in nerve growth factor overexpressing mice, but much reduced in NT‐3 overexpressers. However, this restriction was not reflected in the central projection of the dorsal cutaneous nerve, creating a mismatch between peripheral and central projections. Dorsal cutaneous nerve territories were also mapped in neonatal mice aged postnatal day 7–8. In neonates, nerve territories of NT‐3 overexpressers overlapped less than wild‐types, but in neonates of both strains the amount of overlap was much greater than in the adult. These results indicate that substantial separation of dermatomes occurs postnatally, and that excess NT‐3 enhances this process, resulting in more restricted dermatomes. It may exert its effects either by enhancing competition, or by direct effects on the stability and formation of sensory endings in the skin.
AN APPLICATION OF CLAIM FREQUENCY DATA USING ZERO INFLATED AND HURDLE MODELS IN GENERAL INSURANCE

Modelling is a key issue to get a fair pricing in insurance. Poisson distribution is the basic model for count data when the assumptions of Poisson process are assured. Since the insurers tend not to state the small claims to get the deductibles and no claim discounts, insurance data has more zeros than expected which makes the contradictions of the Poisson process assumptions that is the equality mean and variance value. However, not to take account excess zeros makes the knowledge deficiency to get the better pricing for the portfolio. In this paper we will compare Poisson Models and Zero Inflated Models which account for this fact for claim frequency data. Also we will review the models in use for count data and also compare Hurdle Models as an alternative to Zero Inflated Models. Our results represent that Hurdle Models are better fit than the other models we compare. We used Akaike’s Information Criteria(AIC) as model selection measures.
Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt.

The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).
PyQuant: A Versatile Framework for Analysis of Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Data*

Quantitative mass spectrometry data necessitates an analytical pipeline that captures the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the experiments. Currently, data analysis is often coupled to specific software packages, which restricts the analysis to a given workflow and precludes a more thorough characterization of the data by other complementary tools. To address this, we have developed PyQuant, a cross-platform mass spectrometry data quantification application that is compatible with existing frameworks and can be used as a stand-alone quantification tool. PyQuant supports most types of quantitative mass spectrometry data including SILAC, NeuCode, 15N, 13C, or 18O and chemical methods such as iTRAQ or TMT and provides the option of adding custom labeling strategies. In addition, PyQuant can perform specialized analyses such as quantifying isotopically labeled samples where the label has been metabolized into other amino acids and targeted quantification of selected ions independent of spectral assignment. PyQuant is capable of quantifying search results from popular proteomic frameworks such as MaxQuant, Proteome Discoverer, and the Trans-Proteomic Pipeline in addition to several standalone search engines. We have found that PyQuant routinely quantifies a greater proportion of spectral assignments, with increases ranging from 25–45% in this study. Finally, PyQuant is capable of complementing spectral assignments between replicates to quantify ions missed because of lack of MS/MS fragmentation or that were omitted because of issues such as spectra quality or false discovery rates. This results in an increase of biologically useful data available for interpretation. In summary, PyQuant is a flexible mass spectrometry data quantification platform that is capable of interfacing with a variety of existing formats and is highly customizable, which permits easy configuration for custom analysis.
The 2008 Financial Crisis and the Lack of Retaliatory Trade Intervention

The 2008 financial crisis did not precipitate global retaliatory trade intervention, in seeming contrast to the Great Depression in 1930s. This article discusses the influence of model structure in optimal tariff (OT) calculations in explaining this puzzle. We emphasize how earlier literature reports high OTs in numerical calculation (of a hundred percent) but only uses simple trade models. We use numerical general equilibrium (GE) calibration and simulation methodology to calculate OTs both with and without retaliation in a series of observationally equivalent models and explore the influence of model structures on OT levels. We gradually add more realistic features into the basic GE model, and show sharply declined OTs, which suggests that trade retaliation incentives effectively disappear with the deepening of globalization in 2008 compared to 1930. (JEL codes: F11, C63, F13).
Innate immune response triggered by triacyl lipid A is dependent on phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene expression

Hexaacyl lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aggregates in aqueous media, but its partially deacylated lipid A moiety forms monomers with weaker toxicity. Because plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) transfers hexaacyl LPS, its impact on metabolism and biological activity of triacyl lipid A in mice was addressed. Triacyl lipid A bound readily to plasma high‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) when active PLTP was expressed [HDL‐associated lipid A after 4.5 h: 59.1±16.0% of total in wild‐type (WT) vs. 32.5±10.3% in PLTP‐deficient mice, P<0.05]. In the opposite to hexaacyl LPS, plasma residence time of lipid A was extended by PLTP, and proinflammatory cytokines were produced in higher amounts in WT than PLTP−/− mice (remaining lipid A after 8 h: 53±12 vs. 35±7%, and IL6 concentration after 4.5 h: 45.5±5.9 vs. 14.6±7.8 ng/ml, respectively;P<0.05 in all cases). After 1 wk, onset of B16‐induced melanoma was observed in only 30% of lipid A‐treated WT mice, whereas >80% of the untreated WT, untreated PLTP‐deficient, or lipid A‐treated PLTP‐deficient animals bore tumors (P<0.05 in all cases). It is concluded that PLTP is essential in mediating the association of triacyl lipid A with lipoproteins, leading to extension of its residence time and to magnification of its proinflammatory and anticancer properties. —Gautier, T. , Paul, C. , Deckert, v. , Desrumaux, C. , Klein, A. , Labbe, J., Le Guern, N. , Athias, A. , Monier, S. , Hammann, A. , Bettaieb, A. , Jeannin, J.‐F. , Lagrost, L. Innate immune response triggered by triacyl lipid A is dependent on phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) gene expression. FASEB J. 24, 3544–3554 (2010). www.fasebj. org
Physiological and Neurocognitive Correlates of Adaptive Behavior in Preschool Among Children in Head Start

This study examined physiological and neurocognitive correlates of teacherreported adaptive behavior in preschool among children in Head Start. Child physiology was assessed by cardiac vagal tone and was measured during a baseline period and during the administration of a mildly effortful cognitive task. Neurocognitive function was measured using two tasks of executive function, which require children to inhibit a prepotent response, while remembering and executing the rule for correct responding. Parents reported on aspects of child negative emotionality associated with fear and anger. Information on child receptive language ability was also collected. Although correlates of teacher-reported social competence and on-task behavior were expected to be similar, some evidence for differentiation was obtained. Results indicated that higher resting vagal tone, vagal increase during the administration of the cognitive task, and higher levels of fearful emotionality were related to higher ratings of social competence, after adjusting for levels of on-task behavior. In contrast, lower resting vagal tone, vagal suppression in response to the cognitive task, and higher levels of executive function were associated with higher teacher ratings of on-task behavior, adjusted for social competence. Implications are considered of findings for developmental relations between social and academic competence and adaptation to preschool among children in Head Start.
The stress of phenylalanine on rats to study the phenylketonuria at biochemical and molecular level

Article history: The present study was aimed to study the stress of phenylalanine on rats to study the effect of Phenylketonuria at molecular and biochemical level. In our study, the rats' weight ranged from 132 to 190 gm. They were housed 25 day and the diet was prepared 5% phenylalanine and the weight is recorded every week. The rats divided into 2 groups, control group and phenylalanine group. After feeding with 5% phenylalanine diet, we take blood samples to measure biochemical markers as (ALT, AST, creatinine, Lipid profile and S100B) and tissues for PCR. Our biochemical results showed significant increase in S100B in phenylalanine group and reduction in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglyceride in phenylalanine group. The molecular study which based on comparing the DNA obtained by RAPD-PCR showed a specific DNA bands which may be responsible for Phenylketonuria and may be used for identification of disease at earlier time of injury. The excess of phenylalanine in diet lead to neural tissue damage and may cause mutation combined with the induced PKU (Phenylketonuria).
Commitments and Contests

This article offers a contribution to the broader theoretical goal of increasing our systematic understanding of the social mechanisms that underlie collective behavior. Specifically, we ask how it is possible that equity can arise in a market situation. Even though fair outcomes can be observed across a wide range of social situations that are not centrally coordinated, we argue that there is scant understanding of how these outcomes are facilitated and what impact they have on interaction patterns. We use experimental game theory to test two mechanisms of preferential association, which is defined as a situation where there is competition for partners and in which two actors have a preference for each other. The first mechanism, committed partnership, is abundant in social life and is exemplified by friendships. The second mechanism, competitive altruism, is the intuitive idea that to secure a desirable matching, one must display desirable behavior. To test the mechanisms, we use a laboratory experiment in which participants play a version of the well-known repeated Ultimatum Game. In our version of the game, players either (a) play each other randomly, (b) according to reputation, or (c) according to preferential association in which players are matched according to a preferred ranking of past player histories. The results suggest that fairness can arise from the reduced risk associated with committing to a desirable partner. This is a study of micro-to-micro mechanisms, investigating the micro-level conditions that produce a particular type of social action, namely, a sustainable equitable division of offerings.
FDI Trends in 2010-2011 and the Challenge of Investment Policies for Outward Foreign Direct Investment

This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the latest trends in FDI. It then turns to an analysis of policies related to outward foreign direct investment and discusses issues that relate to them. It argues that FDI flows have managed to sustain their recovery in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, but considerable uncertainty about prospects over the next few years remains. Emerging markets have strengthened their position in the global FDI landscape in terms of both inward and outward investment. Outward FDI policies can play a vital role in creating an environment that allows domestic firms that have the capability to become MNEs to invest overseas and strengthen their competitiveness. The challenge is to ensure that MNE efficiency and competitiveness gains from outward FDI translate into benefits for the home economies.
Scheduling schemes for interference suppression in millimeter-wave cellular network

Millimeter-wave communication is deemed to be one of the promising solutions to meet the growing traffic explosion for the next generation wireless communication system. The compact design of millimeter-wave antenna makes it possible to form large number of narrow beams to cover a certain area. However, the number of beams that can be scheduled simultaneously is not as many as possible due to the hardware restriction of millimeter-wave. In this paper we proposed two beam scheduling schemes, namely Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) based scheduling scheme and Signal to Leakage plus Noise Ratio (SLNR) based scheduling scheme, targeting to suppress the interference between beams within one millimeter-wave pico station. The numerical simulation results indicate that the two proposed schemes significantly outperform the classical round robin scheduling scheme and proportionally fair scheduling schemes at both 28GHz and 72GHz frequency. The SINR based scheduling scheme achieves a gain about 120% at 28GHz and a gain about 75% at 72GHz respectively over the round robin scheduling scheme, in terms of cell average spectrum efficiency. The SLNR based scheduling scheme achieves a gain about 70% at 28GHz and a gain about 250% at 72GHz respectively over the round robin scheduling scheme, in terms of the cell-edge spectrum efficiency1.
Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals multiple modulatory effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in the liver of rats on a high‐fat diet

Leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba (GBE) is increasingly used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Several studies have demonstrated many protective effects of GBE in neurons, the endothelium and liver. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of GBE in disorders induced by long‐term exposure to a high‐fat diet (HFD). Rats were fed an HFD with or without the GBE product GBE50 for 19 weeks. We found that GBE50 reduced the development of fatty liver induced by an HFD and inhibited the commonly observed elevation of serum cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Transcriptome profiling analysis showed that several genes were modulated by GBE50 in liver, including those involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, vascular constriction, ion transportation, neuronal systems and drug metabolism. Notably, a number of genes coding for proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism were repressed, and some were upregulated. Fatty acid biosynthesis appeared to be repressed, whereas fatty acid metabolism appeared to be enhanced. In conclusion, using transcriptome profiling analysis, we demonstrated the molecular basis for the pleiotropic effects of GBE50, particularly those involved in lipid metabolism. This study provided new clues for further pharmacological study of GBEs.
The Determination of Production Run Length and Process Mean for Perfect Rework Process

In this paper, we proposed a modified Chen and Chung's model based on considering the perfect rework process in the imperfect production system. The quadratic quality loss function for larger-the-better characteristic will be used for evaluating the product quality. The optimum production run length and process mean will be jointly determined for obtaining the maximum expected total profit. From numerical results, the conclusion is obtained as follows: the demand quantity and the selling price have the major effect on the expected total profit per unit time.
Modular self‐assembly of a Y‐shaped multiprotein complex from seven nucleoporins

Now that it is likely that all yeast nucleoporins are known, one of the ultimate goals is the in vitro assembly of the entire nuclear pore complex from its ∼30 individual components. Here, we report the reconstitution of seven proteins (Nup133p, Nup145p‐C, Nup120p, Nup85p, Nup84p, Seh1p and Sec13p) into a heptameric 0.5 MDa nuclear pore subcomplex. We found that double plasmid transformation combined with bi‐cistronic mRNA translation allow the expression and assembly of distinct subcomplexes of up to five nucleoporins in a single Escherichia coli cell. During the sequential reconstitution of the Nup84p complex, smaller assembly intermediates can be isolated, which exhibit modular structures determined by electron microscopy that finally make up the whole Y‐shaped Nup84p complex. Importantly, a seventh subunit, Nup133p, was incorporated into the complex through its interaction with Nup84p, thereby elongating one arm of the Y‐shaped assembly to an ∼40 nm long stalk. Taken together, our data document that the Nup84p–Nup133p complex self‐assembles in a modular concept from distinct smaller nucleoporin construction sets.
Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of Insulin Secretion Pathway in Pancreatic Islets

Insulin secreted by pancreatic islet beta-cells is the principal regulating hormone of glucose metabolism. Disruption of insulin secretion may cause glucose to accumulate in the blood, and result in diabetes mellitus. Although deterministic models of the insulin secretion pathway are available, the stochastic aspect of the biological pathway has not been explored. As a first step in this direction, we present a hybrid model of the insulin secretion pathway, in which the delayed rectifying K+ channels are treated as stochastic events. Simulation results of our hybrid model demonstrate that our model not only can reproduce the bursts of electrical activity as the deterministic model does, but also can be used to predict the magnitude of the total number of the delayed rectifying K+ channels per cell needed in order to prevent the function of this pathway from disruption by stochastic effects. The coupling effect of multiple cells is also studied based on the hybrid model, which shows the synchronization behavior of the cells.
What Changes Deflationary Expectations? Evidence from Japanese Household-level Data (in Japanese)

This paper utilizes a unique Japanese household-level data to estimate average price expectations, to examine what changes price expectations, and to look at how changes in price expectations affect household consumption.Our empirical results indicate that price expectations range from minus 0.5 to zero percent for the period from 2001 to 2003 in Japan. Price expectations depend on lagged expectations and current price movements. Monetary policy announcements did not largely change price expectations, since a series of quantitative easing caused revision of price expectations only for small portion of people surveyed.
Psychophysiological Mechanisms in Panic Disorder: A Correlative Analysis of Noradrenaline Spillover, Neuronal Noradrenaline Reuptake, Power Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability, and Psychological Variables

Background: The risk of adverse clinical cardiac events is increased in patients with panic disorder (PD). We evaluated possible mechanistic links between PD and heart disease. We estimated cardiac vagal activity from heart rate variability (HRV) measurements and quantified sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity using plasma noradrenaline tracer kinetics methodology. Methods: Thirty-nine people with PD and 39 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were studied. In 19 participants with PD, both HRV and plasma noradrenaline kinetics were tested; in 20 with PD and 20 healthy volunteers, HRV measurements only were made, whereas in 19 healthy volunteers, noradrenaline kinetics only was tested. All panic disorder participants completed psychological measures of anxiety sensitivity and state and trait anxiety; healthy volunteers in whom HRV was measured also provided psychological measures. Results: Sympathetic nervous tone in the heart, based on rates of cardiac noradrenaline spillover, was normal in PD. Noradrenaline and adrenaline plasma clearance and plasma tritiated noradrenaline and adrenaline extraction in transit through the heart, all dependent on the noradrenaline transporter (NET), were reduced in PD. Psychometric testing linked inhibition of anger to this deficit in NET functioning. Anxiety sensitivity was specifically associated with impaired cardiac NET. High- and low-frequency heart rate spectral power was unrelated to all plasma noradrenaline kinetics measurements. Conclusion: Defective neuronal reuptake of noradrenaline, by augmenting the sympathetic neural signal in the heart, might have a dual effect, sensitizing the heart such as to lead to symptom development (and thus perhaps causing panic disorder) and, second, potentially contributing to adverse cardiac events in established PD. PD = panic disorder; CVD = cardiovascular disease; CAD = coronary artery disease; HRV = heart rate variability; LF = low frequency; ADIS-IV = Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV; ASP = Anxiety Sensitivity Profile; ASI = Anxiety Sensitivity Index; NET = noradrenaline transporter; SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibiting; HF = high frequency; MAO = monoamine oxidase.