Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTRUSION DETECTION AND RESPONSE TO AUTOMATED ATTACKS - An Overview of Automated Threats To Computer Infrastructure

This survey paper investigates current research in the fields of intrusion detection and response for automated attacks such as worms, denial-of-service, and distributed denial-of-service attacks. As the number of networked systems rise the ability to detect and respond to attacks is an essential part of system security for protecting data and ensuring availability of systems. This paper highlights current risk due to the latest automated attack technology and applies historical and current research to show the information security approach to detecting and preventing these types of attacks. Recent technologies such as virtualization and grid computing are discussed in relation to the roles they play in this area, and future areas of work are addressed.
Atomic-layer engineering of oxide superconductors

Molecular beam epitaxy technique has enabled synthesis of atomically smooth thin films, multilayers, and superlattices of cuprates and other complex oxides. Such heterostructures show high temperature superconductivity and enable novel experiments that probe the basic physics of this phenomenon. For example, it was established that high temperature superconductivity and anti-ferromagnetic phases separate on Ångström scale, while the pseudo-gap state apparently mixes with high temperature superconductivity over an anomalously large length scale (the "Giant Proximity Effect"). We review some recent experiments on such films and superlattices, including X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, angle-resolved time of flight ion scattering and recoil spectroscopy, transport measurements, highresolution transmission electron microscopy, resonant X-ray scattering, low-energy muon spin resonance, and ultrafast photo-induced reflection high energy electron diffraction. The results include an unambiguous demonstration of strong coupling of in-plane charge excitations to out-of-plane lattice vibrations, a discovery of interface high temperature superconductivity that occurs in a single CuO2 plane, evidence for local pairs, and establishing tight limits on the temperature range of superconducting fluctuations.
Neuro Evolution For Mobile Robotic Behavior Development

This work examines the effect of two modifications of typical approaches to evolving neuro controllers for robotic behaviors. First evolutionary methods were constrained to modify only one element of the population, the only element to be evaluated in the robot. Secondly the algorithm was allowed to incorporate genotypes provided by external sources. These modifications were evaluated through the use of a mobile robot simulator. Each was allowed to evolve in an arena that allowed it to interact with other robots. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of sharing genotypes and their corresponding fitness among homogeneous robots the robots differed only in the initial random phenotype. The experiments showed that the ability to incorporate successful genotypes from others increased the rate at which evolution progressed. Communication of good genotypes allowed behaviors to get fitter faster, and made small initial population
Wrapping and Integrating Heterogeneous Relational Data with OWL

The Web-based information systems have been much developed since the Internet is known as a global accessible open network. The Semantic Web vision aims at providing supplementary meaningful information (meta-data) about Web resources in order to facilitate automatic processing by machines and interoperability between different systems. In this paper, we present an approach for the integration of heterogeneous databases in the Semantic Web context using semantic mediation approach based on ontology. The standard OWL language is used here as the ontology description language to formalize ontologies of local data resources and to describe their semantic correspondences in order to construct an integrated information system. We propose an architecture adopting mediator-wrapper approach for a mediation based on OWL. Some illustrations of database wrapping and semantic mediation using OWL are also presented in the paper.
The TPR Domain in the Host Cyp40-like Cyclophilin Binds to the Viral Replication Protein and Inhibits the Assembly of the Tombusviral Replicase

Replication of plus-stranded RNA viruses is greatly affected by numerous host-coded proteins acting either as susceptibility or resistance factors. Previous genome-wide screens and global proteomics approaches with Tomato bushy stunt tombusvirus (TBSV) in a yeast model host revealed the involvement of cyclophilins, which are a large family of host prolyl isomerases, in TBSV replication. In this paper, we identified those members of the large cyclophilin family that interacted with the viral replication proteins and inhibited TBSV replication. Further characterization of the most effective cyclophilin, the Cyp40-like Cpr7p, revealed that it strongly inhibits many steps during TBSV replication in a cell-free replication assay. These steps include viral RNA recruitment inhibited via binding of Cpr7p to the RNA-binding region of the viral replication protein; the assembly of the viral replicase complex and viral RNA synthesis. Since the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeats) domain, but not the catalytic domain of Cpr7p is needed for the inhibitory effect on TBSV replication, it seems that the chaperone activity of Cpr7p provides the negative regulatory function. We also show that three Cyp40-like proteins from plants can inhibit TBSV replication in vitro and Cpr7p is also effective against Nodamura virus, an insect pathogen. Overall, the current work revealed a role for Cyp40-like proteins and their TPR domains as regulators of RNA virus replication.
Humans predict liquid dynamics using probabilistic simulation

Liquids can splash, squirt, gush, slosh, soak, drip, drain, trickle, pool, and be poured–complex behaviors that we can easily distinguish, imagine, describe, and, crucially, predict, despite tremendous diversity among different liquids’ material and dynamical characteristics. This proficiency suggests the brain has a sophisticated cognitive mechanism for reasoning about liquids, yet to date there has been little effort to study this mechanism quantitatively or describe it computationally. Here we find evidence that people’s reasoning about how liquids move is consistent with a computational cognitive model based on approximate probabilistic simulation. In a psychophysical experiment, participants predicted how different liquids would flow around solid obstacles, and their judgments agreed with those of a family of models in which volumes of liquid are represented as collections of interacting particles, within a dynamical fluid simulation. Our model explains people’s accuracy, and their predictions’ sensitivity to liquids of different viscosity. We also explored several models that did not involve simulation, and found they could not account for the experimental data as well. Our results are consistent with previous reports that people’s physical understanding of solid objects is based on simulation, but extends this thesis to the more complex and unexplored domain of reasoning about liquids.
Effect of Tactile Feedback on Performance

Humans interact with their environment by obtaining information from various modalities of sensing. These various modalities of sensing combine to facilitate manipulation and interaction with objects and the environment. The way humans interact with computers mirrors this environmental interaction with the absence of feedback from the tactile channel. The majority of computer operation is completed visually because currently, the primary feedback humans receive from computers is through the eyes. This strong dependence on the visual modality can cause visual fatigue and fixation on displays, resulting in errors and a decrease in performance. Distributing tasks and information across sensory modalities could possibly solve this problem. This study added tactile feedback to the human computer interface through vibration of a mouse to more accurately reflect a human's multi-sensory interaction with their environment. This investigation used time off target to measure performance in a pursuit-tracking task. The independent variables were type of feedback with two levels, (i.e., tactile feedback vs no tactile feedback) and speed of target at three different levels, (i.e., slow, medium, and fast). Tactile feedback improved pursuit-tracking performance by 6%. Significant main effects where found for both the speed and feedback factors, but no significant interaction between speed and feedback was obtained. This improvement in performance was consistent with previous research, and lends further support to the advantages multimodal feedback may have to offer man-machine interfaces.
T2-T3 sympathectomy versus sympathicotomy for essential palmar hyperhidrosis: comparison of effects on cardio-respiratory function.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine cardio-respiratory changes after endothoracic sympathetic denervation and their correlation with the extent of denervation. METHODS A total of 45 patients with essential palmar hyperhidrosis were randomized into two groups: the conventional group (CG; 23 patients) and the simplified group (SG; 22 patients). In the CG, excision of T2 and T3 ganglia was performed, whereas in the SG only separation of the sympathetic chain was performed at the same level. Patients underwent respiratory and cardiovascular exercise tests before, at 2 weeks and again at 6 months after the procedure. The postoperative values were then compared with the preoperative values to assess the statistical difference. RESULTS Twenty-one patients in each group completed the study. In the SG, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1; P < 0.01) and forced vital capacity (FVC; P < 0.01) were significantly reduced at 2 weeks, but returned to similar baseline values 6 months after the procedure. No significant cardiac changes were observed. In the CG, both FEV 1 and FVC were significantly reduced at 2 weeks (P < 0.01) and at 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). A significant reduction in forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity (P < 0.01) and a relevant increase in airway resistance (P < 0.05) during the entire postoperative course were also observed. Heart rates at rest and at peak exercise were significantly reduced at 2 weeks (P < 0.01) and significantly decreased 6 months after the procedure (P < 0.05). No other changes were registered. The cardio-respiratory alterations remained at a sub-clinical level; all patients completed the exercise test without symptoms. CONCLUSION Sympathectomy may result in a disturbance of bronchomotor tone and cardiac function. Such changes remained at a sub-clinical level and seemed directly correlated with the extension of denervation.
Near-field source localization using sparse recovery techniques

Near-field source localization is an important aspect in many diverse areas such as acoustics, seismology, to list a few. The planar wave assumption frequently used in far-field source localization is no longer valid when the sources are in the near field. Near-field sources can be localized by solving a joint direction-of-arrival and range estimation problem. The original near-field source localization problem is a multi-dimensional non-linear optimization problem which is computationally intractable. In this paper, we use a grid-based model and by further leveraging the sparsity, we can solve the aforementioned problem efficiently using any of the off-the-shelf l1-norm optimization solvers. When multiple snapshots are available, we can also exploit the cross-correlations among the symmetric sensors of the array and further reduce the complexity by solving two sparse reconstruction problems of lower dimensions instead of a single sparse reconstruction problem of a higher dimension.
Ubiquitous shortcuts: mnemonics by just taking photos

Ubiquitous Shortcuts is an image processing based method for making and using mnemonics set onto the real world using smartphones or other computing systems. The mnemonics can be created by taking photos of the user's vicinity and by binding them onto command sequences. The mnemonic is triggered every time a similar photo is taken. Our method uses natural feature matching algorithms and end-user programming approaches. The mnemonics can be concatenated into more complex command sequences. Thus, limited user input is realized by just taking photos with a camera embedded into a finger-ring, which enables rapid, subtle and socially acceptable user interaction. Our method can be used as semi-automatic way of achieving location and context sensitive services, activity recognition or tangible interaction.
Biodegradation study of some food packaging biopolymers based on PVA.

Abstract Polymers are a common choice as protective materials since they combine flexibility, variable sizes and shapes, relatively light weight, stability, resistance to breaking, barrier properties and perceived high-quality image with cost-effectiveness. Currently, mainly non-biodegradable petroleum-based synthetic polymers are used as packaging materials for foods, because of their availability, low cost and functionality. However, biopolymers can be made from renewable resources without the environmental issues of petroleum-based polymers and with the additional advantage of being available from renewable sources or as by-products or waste-products from the food and agriculture industries. The aim of this study was to test some food packaging biopolymers based on PVA. In this respect, some biopolymers for food packaging applications were subjected to biodegradation tests by covering the tested samples with soil. The samples were incubated in known temperature and humidity conditions. The experiment lasted 45 days, after that the samples were washed, weighed and the biodegradation degree was calculated. The obtained results shows that PVA is a promising material for food packaging usage, as it is made from renewable resources and it is environmentally friendly. Â
A Flexible Microarray Data Simulation Model

Microarray technology allows monitoring of gene expression profiling at the genome level. This is useful in order to search for genes involved in a disease. The performances of the methods used to select interesting genes are most often judged after other analyzes (qPCR validation, search in databases.), which are also subject to error. A good evaluation of gene selection methods is possible with data whose characteristics are known, that is to say, synthetic data. We propose a model to simulate microarray data with similar characteristics to the data commonly produced by current platforms. The parameters used in this model are described to allow the user to generate data with varying characteristics. In order to show the flexibility of the proposed model, a commented example is given and illustrated. An R package is available for immediate use.
How Do Females With PTSD and Substance Abuse View 12-Step Groups? An Empirical Study of Attitudes and Attendance Patterns

Background. Self-help groups are beneficial for many people with addiction, predominantly through 12-step models. Yet obstacles to attendance also occur. Objectives. We explored attendance patterns and attitudes toward self-help groups by 165 outpatient females with co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD), the first study of its kind. Methods. Cross-sectional self-report data compared adults versus adolescents, and those currently attending self-help versus not attending. We also explored attendance in relation to perceptions of the PTSD/SUD relationship and symptom severity. Results. Adults reported higher attendance at self-help than adolescents, both lifetime and currently. Among current attendees, adults also attended more weekly groups than adolescents. Yet only a minority of both age cohorts attended any self-help in the past week. Adults perceived a stronger relationship between PTSD and SUD than adolescents, but both age groups gave low ratings to the fact that self-help groups do not address PTSD. That item also had low ratings by both those currently attending and not attending self-help. Analysis of those not currently attending identified additional negative attitudes toward self-help (spirituality, addiction as a life-long illness, sayings, and the fellowship). Symptom severity was not associated with attendance, but may reflect a floor effect. Finally, a surprising finding was that all-female groups were not preferred by any subsample. Conclusions/Importance. Creative solutions are needed to address obstacles to self-help among this population. Addressing trauma and PTSD, not just SUD, was valued by females we surveyed, and may be more helpful than all-female groups per se.
Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.
Bayes, Brains & Babies: Electrophysiology and Mathematics of Infant Holistic Processing and Selective Inhibition

However, we contend that these differences actually stem from dopaminergic (DA) systems such as in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and striatum as opposed to basic perceptual intake. A major role of DA in dlPFC is the integration of working memory (WM) and inhibition [9]. While long looking infants demonstrate lower recognition memory [10], this study will be the first to test selective inhibition in accordance with looking-behavior. Moreover, we have developed a model for these effects using Markov Chains and Rescorla-Wagner (RW) learning algorithms which model DA striatal effects [5].
Contribution Risk of Mortality According to Body Mass Index and Body Composition Among Postmenopausal Women

Obesity, often defined as a body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)) of 30 or higher, has been associated with mortality, but age-related body composition changes can be masked by stable BMI. A subset of Women’s Health Initiative participants (postmenopausal women aged 50–79 years) enrolled between 1993 and 1998 who had received dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans for estimation of total body fat (TBF) and lean body mass (LBM) (n = 10,525) were followed for 13.6 (standard deviation, 4.6) years to test associations between BMI, body composition, and incident mortality. Overall, BMI ≥35 was associated with increased mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16, 1.82), while TBF and LBM were not. However, an interaction between age and body composition (P < 0.001) necessitated age stratification. Among women aged 50–59 years, higher %TBF increased risk of death (HR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.38, 4.34) and higher %LBM decreased risk of death (HR = 0.41, 95%CI: 0.23, 0.74), despite broad-ranging BMIs (16.4–69.1). However, the relationships were reversed among women aged 70–79 years (P < 0.05). BMI did not adequately capture mortality risk in this sample of postmenopausal women. Our data suggest the clinical utility of evaluating body composition by age group to more robustly assess mortality risk among postmenopausal women.
Integrating Probabilistic Reasoning and Statistical Quality Control Techniques for Fault Diagnosis in Hybrid Domains

Bayesian networks, which may be compiled to arithmetic circuits in the interest of speed and predictability, provide a probabilistic method for system fault diagnosis. Currently, there is a limitation in arithmetic circuits in that they can only represent discrete random variables, while important fault types such as drift and offset faults are continuous and induce continuous sensor data. In this paper, we investigate how to handle continuous behavior while using discrete random variables with a small number of states. Central in our approach is the novel integration of a method from statistical quality control, known as cumulative sum (CUSUM), with probabilistic reasoning using static arithmetic circuits compiled from static Bayesian networks. Experimentally, an arithmetic circuit model of the ADAPT Electrical Power System (EPS), a realworld EPS located at the NASA Ames Research Center, is considered. We report on the validation of this approach using PRODIAGNOSE, which had the best performance in three of four industrial track competitions at the International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis in 2009 and 2010 (DXC-09 and DXC-10). We demonstrate that PRODIAGNOSE, augmented with the CUSUM technique, is successful in diagnosing faults that are small in magnitude (offset faults) or drift linearly from a nominal state (drift faults). In one of these experiments, detection accuracy dramatically improved when CUSUM was used, jumping from 46.15% (CUSUM disabled) to 92.31% (CUSUM enabled). First Author et.al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 United States License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.