Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On Fitness Proportionate Selection and the Schema Theorem in the Presence of Stochastic Eeects

Holland's schema theorem has been criticised in (Fogel and Ghozeil 1997, Fogel and Ghozeil 1998, Fogel and Ghozeil 1999) for not being able to estimate correctly the expected proportion of a schema in the population when tness proportionate selection is used in the presence of noise or other stochastic eeects. This is incorrect for two reasons. Firstly, the theorem in its original form is not applicable to this case. As clariied in the paper, if the quantities involved in schema theorems are random variables, the theorems must be interpreted as conditional statements. Secondly, the conditional versions of Holland and other researchers' schema theorems are indeed very useful to model the sampling of schemata in the presence of stochasticity. In the paper I show how one can calculate the correct expected proportion of a schema in the presence of stochastic eeects when selection only is present, using a conditional interpretation of Holland's schema theorem. In addition, I generalise this result (again using schema theorems) to the case in which crossover, mutation, and selection with replacement are used. This can be considered as an exact schema theorem applicable both in the presence and in the absence of stochastic eeects.
Understanding Prisoner Abuse at Abu Ghraib: Psychological Considerations and Leadership Implications 1

In trying to understand the abuse of Iraqi prisoners by U.S. soldiers at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, it’s important to consider two different kinds of influences: (1) Contextual / situational, and (2) Individual / personality. The findings and recommendations contained in the report of investigation by Major General A. Taguba (Taguba, 2004) lead to the following inferences regarding both situational and individual factors that were likely of some importance for the military units involved:
Coadministration of the heat shock protein 90 antagonist 17-allylamino- 17-demethoxygeldanamycin with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or sodium butyrate synergistically induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells.

Interactions between the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and the heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 antagonist 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) have been examined in human leukemia cells (U937). Coadministration of marginally toxic concentrations of 17-AAG with sublethal concentrations of SB or SAHA resulted in highly synergistic induction of mitochondrial damage (i.e., cytochrome c release), caspase-3 and -8 activation, and apoptosis. Similar interactions were noted in human promyelocytic (HL-60) and lymphoblastic (Jurkat) leukemia cells. These events were accompanied by multiple perturbations in signal transduction, cell cycle, and survival-related pathways, including early down-regulation of Raf-1, inactivation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and mitogen-activated protein/ERK kinase (MEK) 1/2, diminished expression of phospho-Akt, and late activation of c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase, but no changes in expression of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Coadministration of 17-AAG blocked SAHA-mediated induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21(CIP1) and resulted in reduced expression of p27(KIP1) and p34(cdc2). 17-AAG/SAHA-treated cells also displayed down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 and evidence of Bcl-2 cleavage. Enforced expression of doxycycline-inducible p21(CIP1) or constitutively active MEK1 significantly diminished 17-AAG/SAHA-mediated lethality, indicating that interference with ERK activation and p21(CIP1) induction play important functional roles in the lethal effects of this regimen. In contrast, enforced expression of constitutively active Akt failed to exert cytoprotective actions. Together, these findings indicate that coadministration of SAHA or SB with the Hsp90 antagonist 17-AAG in human leukemia cells leads to multiple perturbations in signaling, cell cycle, and survival pathways that culminate in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis. They also raise the possibility that combining such agents with Hsp90 antagonists may represent a novel antileukemic strategy.
Research on a Perfect Zero Side Effect Group Rekeying Scheme

Most modern multimedia applications rely on a group communication pattern. To protect the group communication data during transit, a symmetric key called group key must be used to encrypt all the group communication. Group rekeying is a key management mechanism that ensures that the group key is rekeyed upon every single change in membership. However, for most current group rekeying schemes, to rekey the group key, various degrees of side effects will be induced upon all the members in the same group. In this paper, based on trusted platform technology, we propose the first perfect zero side effect group rekeying scheme at the time of writing.
Causal Coherence ∗ Job Market Paper

Agents with the same information and same preferences can make different choices. Agents differ not only with respect to their preferences and information, but their causal interpretations of that information. This can lead to what agents with the correct causal model would perceive as “irrational mistakes” committed by others. I apply an axiomatic representation to develop the causally coherent agent, who has a causal model about a causally ambiguous phenomenon that is consistent with data, makes choices rationally, but is unaware of alternative models. In essence, her model is not identified so she hazards a guess. The causal model is a causal bayesian network. In this framework, I show how agents with the same information and the same preferences will make different choices. Moreover, with this framework, I can construct a set of reasonable theories that emerge from data the agents see. This provides a framework for constructing agents’ conjectures in a general setting. I apply this framework to an auction to show that agents with wrong models suffer a ‘causal curse’ similar in kind to the winner’s curse. ∗I would like to thank Daniel Benjamin, Joshua Cherry, Peter DiCola, Michael Elsby, Robert Gazzale, David Greenstreet, Patrick Kline, Greg Lewis, Dmitry Lubensky, Yusufcan Masatlioglu, Daisuke Nakajima, Emily Shelton, Doug Smith, Charles Taragin, Seminar participants at Michigan, and especially Emre Ozdenoren, Scott Page, and John DiNardo for helpful comments. †University of Michigan, Department of Economics
Evaluation of a centralized method for one-step multi-layer network reconfiguration

Due to increasing traffic volumes and access bandwidths, the power consumption of core networks will grow considerably. Adapting network configuration to traffic load is one counter-measure. Technological and operational limitations thereby require transitioning between subsequent configurations in a single step. In this paper, we define the according reconfiguration problem with resource-preoccupation constraints, and we propose and evaluate a meta-heuristics based solution method for this problem. We obtain energy savings of up to 35% compared to a simple resource adaptation scheme and only observe rare events of traffic blocking in particular situations.
Autonomous penetration detection for bone cutting tool using demonstration-based learning

In orthopedic surgery, bone-cutting procedures are frequently performed. However, bone-cutting procedures are very risky in cases where vital organs or nerves exist beneath the target bones. In such cases, surgeons are required to determine the depth of the penetration into the bone by using only their haptic senses. Thus, we developed a handheld bone-cutting-tool system that detects the penetration of the cutting material. The developed system autonomously detects the penetration before total penetration and stops the actuation of the cutting tool, leaving a very thin remnant of work material. The developed system estimates the cutting resistance by using its motor's current and rotational speed. On the basis of data collected preoperatively, the system estimates the cutting state by using a support vector machine (SVM). According to the SVM outputs, the system detects the penetration of the work material and autonomously stops the actuation of the cutting tool. The proposed method was verified through experiments, and the results showed that the developed system successfully detected the penetrations of work materials and stopped autonomously immediately before total penetration. This study showed that the autonomous detection of bone penetration with a hand-held bone-cutting tool is feasible by using the proposed scheme.
Coping with work-family conflict: an examination of work-family help-seeking behavior in both organizational and relational contexts

This study explores employee coping behaviors in a work-family context. Though a considerable amount of research has been conducted that focuses on work-family conflict’s relationship with both social support and formal organizational family supports (e.g., flexible scheduling, flexplace, child care support, elder care support), the behaviors employees enact when seeking either form of support have not been studied. This study defined the construct of work-family help-seeking behavior and then examined employee help-seeking behavior within a work-family conflict context. A sample of 400 full-time workers with children was surveyed at two points in time. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the work-family help-seeking behavior scale developed within this study. An initial theoretical model which predicted that increased work-family help-seeking behavior would lead to less work-family conflict was not supported. Analyses based on a revised model suggest that work-family help-seeking behavior is a response to experienced work-family conflict and that workers experiencing work-family conflict are more likely to engage in work-family helpseeking behavior when working within supportive organizational contexts and supportive relational contexts. More specifically, employees with children are more likely to engage in work-family help-seeking behavior as a response to work-family conflict when reporting high perceived organizational family support, a greater number of formal organizational family supports, high family supportive supervision, and high leader-member exchange.
Pedestrian detection using labeled depth data

This paper presents pedestrian detection algorithm on labeled depth data which is obtained from road scenes. Our approach computes feature responses for head and legs of human body using depth and label data. And then, it detects pedestrians by removing edges and partitioning a bipartite graph of head and leg response blobs using prior knowledge about human body. In the experiments, the proposed algorithm produces better result compared to the method which uses histogram of gradient feature and the ground plane for road scenes.
Browse biomass removal and nutritional condition of Alaska moose Alces alces

We present methodology for assessing browse removal to help evaluate resource limitation among moose A lees a lees populations in large, potentially remote areas of boreal forest. During 2000-2007, we compared proportional removal (ratio of browse consumption to browse production) in eight areas oflnterior Alaska, USA, with multi-year twinning rates of the respective moose populations. Several prior studies concluded that twinning rate provided an index of the nutritional condition of moose. We theorized that a plant-based sampling of proportional use of browse by moose in late winter would inversely correlate with the nutritional condition of moose. We sampled willow Salix spp. , quaking aspen Populus tremuloides, balsam poplar P. balsamifera and Alaska paper birch Betula neoalaskana, i.e. plants with current annual growth (CAG) between 0.5 and 3.0 m above ground. We estimated the biomass of CAG and biomass removed by moose based on bite diameters and diameter-mass regressions specific to each browse species. Mean browse removal by moose varied among study areas from 9 to 43% ofCAG. Moose twinning rate (range: 7-64%) was inversely correlated with proportional browse removal by moose (Spearman's rho= -0.863, P < 0.005). Proportional browse removal appeared useful in linking foraging ecology and population dynamics of moose in Alaska, and the technique may be used to quantify resource limitation in moose populations inhabiting boreal forest in a broader geographic region.
A New Security Framework for HIPAA-Compliant Health Information Systems

Security in health care information systems is among the highest priority research topics. Introduction of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) increased the pressure on health care organizations for implementing security. Two existing frameworks, which affect the proposed security standards, are introduced. It is important to understand the development of standards and how they can be useful, in order to successfully implement them. In this paper, we propose a techno-managerial framework that can aid planners of security systems as deployed within health care environment. Having a security framework will enable organizations to implement security standards more easily and quickly. As a result, we–the patients–will start seeing an increasing number of new health care services supported by the information technologies.
Handling organization name unknown word in Chinese-Vietnamese machine translation

Unknown word (UKW) is an obvious problem of machine translation and named entity (NE) is the most common UKW type. In this paper, we will present a new approach based on the meaning relationship in Chinese and Vietnamese to re-translate organization name UKW. This is the most complicated NE because it consists of other NEs and entities. Applying this approach to Chinese-Vietnamese statistical machine translation (SMT), experimental results show that our approach has significantly improved machine's performance.
Datacenter-on-Chip Architectures : Tera-scale Opportunities and Challenges in Intel ' s Manufacturing Environment

We have entered an era of chip multiprocessor (CMP) platforms, where performance is delivered with the integration of more and more cores on a die. Tera-scale CMP architectures, consisting of several tens of physical cores and hundreds of hardware threads, are highly suitable for throughput computing especially in the server market place. In this paper, we start by highlighting tera-scale potential in datacenter environments. We show how a multi-tier datacenter workload that required tens (to hundreds) of platforms in the past can potentially map on to one (or a few) single-socket tera-scale CMP platforms running Virtual Machines (VMs) and thereby creating Datacenter-onChip (DoC) architectures. Having introduced tera-scale DoC architectures, we then describe key challenges involved in providing high degrees of performance, scalability, and adaptability. Performance and scalability challenges point to the need for efficient handling of cache/memory/IO requirements when a large number of cores are actively running many workloads. Adaptability challenges highlight the need for dynamically allocating cache, memory, and I/O resources amongst the simultaneously running VMs in order to enable Quality of Service (QoS). To address scalability and adaptability challenges, we then propose and evaluate important tera-scale architectural features: (a) hierarchy of shared caches and large DRAM caches for better cache/memory scalability and performance, and (b) cache/memory QoS techniques to form Virtual Platform Architectures (VPAs). Based on a detailed evaluation, we show that these architectural features are highly beneficial for DoC tera-scale architectures.
Toward an Ontology of ICT Management : Integration of Organizational Theories and ICT Core Constructs

As an emergent field of research and practice, the management of information and communication technologies (ICT) offers complex challenges, such as how to structure and organize the accumulated body of knowledge as well as the need to orchestrate and encapsulate theoretical perspectives and methodologies. As in any emergent field, the ICT management (ICTM) body of knowledge has mostly expanded through diverse theoretical lenses. It also has to overcome concept redundancy and ambiguity in order to gain insights that are more than “old wine in new bottles. ” In this chapter, we focus on two main issues. First, we strive to achieve a holistic perspective of ICTM. Second, we explore the way in which organizational theories can contribute to a better understanding of this holistic perspective. For this, we introduce an ontology that describes four ICTM core constructs—policy, project, assets, and evaluation—and their interrelationships. We discuss each one of these constructs in light of six common organizational theories.
Free Space Optical Link Performance Evaluation using AODV and DYMO

Free space optical network gained increasing visibly as a broadband communication network over traditional wireless networks because of their high bandwidth (up to Gbps), low cost easy installation and also license free long range spectrum. Existence of line of site and alignment between the nodes is one of the key requirements for free space optical communication. In this paper the free space (FSO) communication is briefly elaborated and performance of optical link is evaluated for reactive routing protocols. The protocols used for simulation are AODV and DYMO. The results are compared for the aggregate received packets in the network and signals received with error. A good routing mechanism enhances the performance of the network. The protocol performing better in the simulation scenario is suggested for the free space optical communication. Keywords–Free space optical communication, routing protocol, AODV, DYMO
The impact of geographic location on the development of a specialty field: A case study of Sloan Digital Sky Survey in Astronomy

We analyze the scientific discourse of researchers in a specialty field in Astronomy by examining the influence that geographic location may have on the development of this field. Using as a case study the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) pro- ject, we analyzed texts from bibliographic records along three geographic axes: US-only publications, non-US publications and international collaboration. Each geographic region reflected authors affiliated to research institutions in that region. Interna- tional collaboration refers to papers published by both US-based and non-US based institutions. Through clustering of domain terms used in titles and abstracts fields of the bibliographic records, we were able to automatically identify the topology of to- pics peculiar to each geographic region and identify the research topics common to the three geographic zones. The results showed that US-only and non-US research in SDSS shared more commonalities with international collaboration than with one another, thus indicating that the former two focused on rather distinct topics.
Donepezil for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a randomised controlled study

Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of the cholinesterase inhibitor donepezil in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and cognitive impairment. Methods: This was a double blind, randomised and placebo controlled, crossover study in which 14 patients with PD and cognitive impairment received donepezil (5 or 10 mg per day) or matching placebo during two sequential periods lasting 10 weeks each. The primary outcome measures were the mini mental state examination (MMSE) score, the clinician's interview based impression of change plus caregiver input (CIBIC+) score, and the motor subscale of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). Results: Two patients on donepezil (14%) dropped out after one and four weeks of the first treatment period because of peripheral cholinergic side effects, otherwise the adverse effects were few and not severe. Carryover or residual effects were not observed. Parkinsonism did not increase during donepezil treatment. After 10 weeks of treatment, the mean MMSE score was increased by 2.1(SD 2.7) points on donepezil and 0.3 (SD 3.2) points on placebo, and the CIBIC+ score was 3.3 (SD 0.9) on donepezil and 4.1 (SD 0.8) on placebo. Statistical analysis of the repeated measurements and crossover study design showed significant effects of donepezil compared with placebo for MMSE (p=0.013) and CIBIC+ (p=0.034). Five (42%) patients on donepezil and two (17%) on placebo were rated as improved on the basis of the CIBIC+ score. Conclusions: Donepezil improves cognition, and seems to be well tolerated and not to worsen parkinsonism in patients with cognitive impairment.
Identification of an univariate function in a nonlinear dynamical model

Addresses the problem of estimating, from measurement data corrupted by highly correlated noise, the shape of an unknown scaler and univariate function hidden in a known phenomenological model of the system. The method makes use of the Vapnik's support vector regression to find the structure of a parametrized black box model of the unknown function. Then the parameters of the black box model are identified using a maximum likelihood estimation method specially well suited to cope with correlated noise. The ability of the method to provide an accurate confidence bound for the unknown function is clearly illustrated from a simulation example.
Perioperative Challenges in Repeat Bladder Exstrophy Repair - Case Report

Bladder exstrophy is a rare congenital malformation. It presents as leakage of urine in the anterior abdominal wall following defects in midline anterior abdominal wall skin and bladder. We report the use of combined general anaesthesia and caudal epidural analgesia in a 4yr old boy for repeat bladder exstrophy repair. Problems of prolonged surgery and the challenges of pain and sedation management in the post operative period are discussed.
Prescribing exercise at varied levels of intensity and frequency: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND Regular physical activity produces beneficial effects on health, but the exercise prescription needed to improve cardiovascular disease risk factors in free-living sedentary individuals remains unclear. METHODS Sedentary adults (N = 492, 64.0% women) were randomized to 1 of 4 exercise-counseling conditions or to a physician advice comparison group. The duration (30 minutes) and type (walking) of exercise were held constant, while exercise intensity and frequency were manipulated to form 4 exercise prescriptions: moderate intensity-low frequency, moderate intensity-high frequency (HiF), hard intensity (HardI)-low frequency, and HardI-HiF. Comparison group participants received physician advice and written materials regarding recommended levels of exercise for health. Outcomes included 6- and 24-month changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum oxygen consumption), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and the total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio. RESULTS At 6 months, the HardI-HiF, HardI-low-frequency, and moderate-intensity-HiF conditions demonstrated significant increases in maximum oxygen consumption (P < .01 for all), but only the HardI-HiF condition showed significant improvements in HDL-C level (P < .03), total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio (P < .04), and maximum oxygen consumption (P < .01) compared with physician advice. At 24 months, the increases in maximum oxygen consumption remained significantly higher than baseline in the HardI-HiF, HardI-low-frequency, and moderate-intensity-HiF conditions and in the HardI-HiF group compared with physician advice (P < .01 for all), but no significant effects on HDL-C level (P = .57) or total cholesterol-HDL-C ratio (P = .64) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Exercise counseling with a prescription for walking at either a HardI or a HiF produced significant long-term improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness. More exercise or the combination of HardI plus HiF exercise may provide additional benefits, including larger fitness changes and improved lipid profiles.