Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure re fi nement and chemical formula of prosopite , CaAl 2 F 4

Prosopite is an alumino–fluoride of calcium mineral. The chemical compositions of prosopite samples obtained from Zacatecas (Mexico), Ivigtut (Greenland), and Katugin deposit (Eastern Siberia, Russia) were determined using scanning electron microscopy and energy–dispersive X–ray spectroscopy. The fluorine content (in apfu) was between 4 and 5, and those less than 4 were not observed. The empirical formula derived as a mean of chemical compositions of multiple grains from Ivigtut is (Ca0.96Sr0.04)Al2.00F4[(OH)3.72F0. 28]. The crystal structure of prosopite [monoclinic; a = 6.7103(3) Å, b = 11.1619(5) Å, c = 7.3741(3) Å, β = 94.919(2)°; space group C2/c; Z = 4] was analyzed using single–crystal X–ray diffraction and was refined to the R value of 0.0185 (wR2 = 0.0554) using 791 unique reflections with |Fo| > 4σ(|Fo|). The positions of hydrogen atoms were determined at the position where residual electron density peaks appeared using the difference Fourier method. F− and O2− ions are distributed at each F and O site in order. The chemical structural formula, Ca0.964(2)Sr0.036Al2F4(OH)4, obtained from the refinement of Ivgtut sample is approximately consistent with the result of chemical analysis. During the chemical analysis (Zacatecas, Ivigtut, and Katugin deposit samples) and refinement (Ivigtut sample), we assume that (OH)− dissolution into F sites does not occur (but substitution of F− in (OH) sites slightly occurs) and propose that the chemical structural formula of prosopite is expressed as CaAl2F4[(OH)4−xFx] (x = 0.0–1.0). The crystal structure of prosopite consists of two types of AlF2(OH)4 octahedra and one kind of CaF6(OH)2 dodecahedra. The size difference between F sites and (OH) sites can be observed in Ca dodecahedra and Al2 octahedra; however, evident differences in Al–F and Al–O distances are not observed in Al1 octahedral sites. Two hydrogen bonds (O1–H1.O2 and O2–H2.F2) are confirmed using bond valence sum calculations.
A Collaboration Script for Nonverbal Communication Enhances Perceptual Fluency with Visual Representations

: Visuals can help students learn only if they understand what visuals show. This involves perceptual fluency: the ability to automatically see meaning in visuals. To support perceptual fluency, instructional interventions support inductive learning by providing simple tasks that require quick attention to relevant features. Sociocultural research shows that collaboration affords nonverbal communication behaviors that helps students attend to visual features more quickly, which helps them acquire perceptual fluency. In contrast, cognitive research suggests that collaboration is ineffective for learning from simple tasks. Hence, we ask: Can collaboration via nonverbal communication enhance the acquisition of perceptual fluency? We investigated this question by examining how 10 dyads collaborate on simple perceptual tasks via nonverbal communication. We analyzed gestures and interviews about learning experiences. Further, we compared dyads’ performance on perceptual activities to 28 students who worked on the activities individually. Our findings suggest that collaboration helps students acquire perceptual fluency with visuals.
Enhancement of Network Security in Snack Routing Strategy Using Trust Agent

— Routing plays an important role for the efficient communication among the nodes. The problem associated with MANET is continuous topology changes which leads to more control message overheads . Snack Routing Strategy (SRS) is used to continuously inform about the topology changes to all the nodes in the network without any advertisement messages by using artificial snack which flows across the network. SRS reduces the network bandwidth overheads and end-to-end delay. But it suffers from security issues arise and some malicious nodes also may take part in the communication. For that trust agent is added to the mobile nodes, communication between the nodes takes place if those nodes enforce same set of policies. Before a node to join in the network, it verifies its trustworthiness of enforcing required set of policies. Our extensive ns-2-based simulation results have shown that the proposed scheme provides better performance in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing overhead and throughput based on maximum speed, number of sources and pause time.
Design of Second Order Digital Integrator Using Simulation Annealing

: In this paper, a new design of second order digital integrator is investigated using simulation annealing optimization algorithm. Transfer function of the second order digital integrator is derived from the use of simulation annealing algorithm. Then compare the results with the ideal second order integrator and digital IIR second order integrator using Richardson Extrapolation which is also obtained.
Experimental Study on High Damping Polymer Concrete *

The damping performance of concrete can be improved when mixed with polymer. In this paper, the standard test methods were used to compare mechanic al properties and durability between polymer concrete and ordinary concrete. Vibration tests and f tigue experiments were carried out with two prestressed simple beams respectively made by polym er concrete and ordinary concrete. The loss factors of ordinary cement mortar and polymer cement mortar were measured by using dy amic viscoelastometer, and they were also analyzed by sc anning electron microscope. The experimental results show that the flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and durability of the polymer concrete are higher than those of ordinary concrete . Th elastic modulus and compressive strength of the former decrease slightly but yet meet the re quir ment of code. The loss factor of polymer cement mortar is higher than that of the ordinary c ement mortar, due to the reticular formation of the polymer. The damping ratio of the polymer concr ete beam is significantly greater than that of ordinary concrete beam, and their fatigue performance are si milar.
Contextual understanding by computers

A further development of a computer program (ELIZA) capable of conversing in natural language is discussed. The importance of context to both human and machine understanding is stressed. It is argued that the adequacy of the level of understanding achieved in a particular conversation depends on the purpose of that conversation, and that absolute understanding on the part of either humans or machines is impossible. 0
CIO S URVIVAL AND THE C OMPOSITION OF THE T OP M ANAGEMENT T EAM Completed Research Paper

We explore empirical regularities of CIO survivability in public and private organizations using CIO job tenure durations spanning 1994 to 2009 for 1,594 executives. We employ the Kaplan-Meier estimator from event history analysis to compute survivor functions for CEOs, COOs, CFOs and CIOs. We make log rank comparisons of job tenure durations to make inferences within/across executive titles, and between public and private sector groups. The results suggest that: CIOs have shorter survival durations than CEOs and COOs, comparable to CFOs; private sector CIOs have longer durations than public sector CIOs; CIO membership in the top management team increases survivability; female CIOs stay a shorter time than males; and women on the top management team diminish CIO tenures overall. From an additional executive arrival and departure time proximity analysis, we find that only a quarter of CIOs are members of the top management team, but membership lengthens tenure.
Interference alignment precoder design on Grassmann manifold for cellular system

In this paper, we focus on the interference alignment precoder design for cellular system. Varying from the traditional constrained optimization method, we reformulate the optimization problem on the complex Grassmann manifold and derive a novel steepest descent algorithm to achieve perfect interference alignment. Moreover our proposed algorithm only requires the participation of transmitter. Thus it will alleviate the overhead induced by alternating between the up and down links significantly. Simulation results suggest the proposed algorithm has better convergence performance and higher system capacity comparing with previous methods.
Measurement of voidfraction in dispersedbubblyflowcontainingmicro-bubbles with the constantelectriccurrentmethod

Void fraction is one of the dominant parameter of gas-liquid two-phase flow in industrial equipment. An e lectric sensing method based on the difference of electric conductivity and permittivity between liquid and gas is one of online measurement methods of void faction. However, previous constant electric current method is not applicable to dispersed bubbly flow because bubbles are dispersed in three dimensions. In the present study, new constant electric current method available to the three dimensional dispersed bubbly flow with tiny bubbles (micro-bubbles) is developed. The proposed method to estimate the void fraction is based on Maxwell’s theory and polarization of tiny bubbles. The method makes it possible to measure the void fraction of three dimensional dispersed bubbly flow. It is experimentally clarified that the present proposed method with constant electric current method can be applicable to measure the void fraction of three dimensional bubbly flow more accurately than previous constant electric current method. It is also clarified that the Maxwell’s theory and the present proposed method with polarization are compatible with drift flux model although void fraction estimated with the previous method is higher than the drift flux model for three dimensional dispersed bubbly flow.
Short term light deprivation increases tactile spatial acuity in humans

The effect of short-term light deprivation on tactile spatial acuity was evaluated by asking 28 adult humans to perform a grating orientation task. The 14 subjects who were kept for 90 minutes in complete dark showed, immediately after deprivation, a reversible improvement of tactile spatial acuity. No acuity change was observed in the 14 nondeprived subjects. Results indicate that even a short-term visual deprivation may disclose highly dynamic plastic interactions between visual and tactile systems.
Spatial and state-dependent effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation of prefrontal cortex in non-human primates

ii Keywords ii Co-Authorship Statement iii Acknowledgments iv Table of Content v List of Figures vii List of Appendices vii List of Abbreviations viii List of Symbols viii Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 1.1 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 1 1.2 The Oculomotor System 5 1.3 Superior Colliculus and Brainstem 7 1.4 Frontal Cortex 9 1.5 Lateral Intraparietal Area 10 1.6 TMS in the Human Oculomotor System 11 1.7 TMS in the Monkey Oculomotor System 14 1.8 Hypothesis and Predictions 15 Chapter 2 – Methods 16 2.1 Animal Preparation 16 2.2 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 18 2.3 Behavioral Paradigm 19 2.4 Data Acquisition 23 Chapter 3 – Results 25 3.1 Single Pulse TMS 26 3.2 Change in Response Over Frontal Cortex 28 3.3 TMS-M1 MEP Response 30 3.4 Change in Response with TMS intensity 31 3.5 TMS During Memory Guided Saccade Task 31 3.6 Increase in EMG activity Only for Contralateral Saccades 33 3.7 Decrease in Contralateral Saccade Reaction Time 39 3.8 Increase in EMG Response Correlates in Decrease in Reaction Time . 41 Chapter 4 – Discussion 43 4.1 TMS Over PFC Evoked Contralateral Head Turning Synergy 43 4.2 Contralateral Head Turning Synergy Evoked Only Over PFC 44 4.3 TMS-PFC Affects Multiple Cortical Regions of Oculomotor System . 46 4.4 General Conclusion 47
3-Heptanone as a potential new marker for valproic acid therapy

Breath gas samples from 27 patients with epilepsy (17 male and 10 female patients; mean age: 9.7 years, median age: 8.2 years, SD: ±4.2 years) were screened via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. The patients were treated with valproic acid (VPA) therapy, and blood samples for determination of VPA concentrations were surveyed. All patients showed significantly elevated concentrations of 3-heptanone (C7H14O) in exhaled breath gas (mean: 14.7 ppb, median: 13.8 ppb SD: ±5.7 ppb). In human breath, several hundred different volatile organic compounds can be detected. In breath of patients with valproic acid monotherapy, an increased concentration of 3-heptanone was measured. The objective of this study was to investigate if serum VPA concentrations correlate with 3-heptanone concentrations in exhaled breath. In conclusion, 3-heptanone in breath gas is significantly elevated in patients treated with the valproic acid, but does not correlate significantly with the VPA concentrations in serum or the daily dose of this drug.
Feature Representation for Effective Action-Item Detection

E-mail users face an ever-growing challenge in managing their inboxes due to the growing centrality of email in the workplace for task assignment, action requests, and other roles beyond information dissemination. Whereas Information Retrieval and Machine Learning techniques are gaining initial acceptance in spam filtering and automated folder assignment, this paper reports on a new task: automated action-item detection, in order to flag emails that require responses, and to highlight the specific passage(s) indicating the request(s) for action. Unlike standard topic-driven text classification, action-item detection requires inferring the sender’s intent, and as such responds less well to pure bag-of-words classification. However, using enriched feature sets, such as n-grams (up to n=4) with chi-squared feature selection, and contextual cues for action-item location improve performance by up to 10% over unigrams, using in both cases state of the art classifiers such as SVMs with automated model selection via embedded cross-validation.
VISGIS: Dynamic situated visualization for geographic information systems

Situated Visualization techniques are visualization techniques that provide a presentation of information within its spatial context. Situated Visualization techniques have several advantages compared to traditional visualization techniques with the biggest advantage being providing the spatial relationship between data and the actual environment. However, Situated Visualization techniques are also subject to several challenges. In particular, Situated Visualization of data from geographic information systems (GIS) is exposed to a set of problems, such as limited visibility, legibility, information clutter and the limited understanding of spatial relationships. In this paper, we address the challenges of visibility, information clutter and understanding of spatial relationships with a set of dynamic Situated Visualization techniques that address the special needs of Situated Visualization of GIS data in particular for “street-view”-like perspectives as used for many navigation applications. The proposed techniques include dynamic annotation placement, dynamic label alignment and occlusion culling. We applied those techniques for two types of Situated Visualizations: Augmented Reality visualization and Indirect Augmented Reality using 360 Degree footage.
INVESTIGATING LONG-RUN STOCK RETURNS AFTER CORPORATE EVENTS: THE UK EVIDENCE

The objective of this paper is to assess the robustness of the existing long-run event study methodologies in the UK stock market. In doing so, the study employs the buy-and-hold abnormal return approach and the calendar time portfolio method to identify the long-term abnormal performance following corporate events. Although many recent studies consider the application of these two widely used approaches, each of the methods is a subject to criticisms. This paper uses the standardized calendar time approach (SCTA) which presents a number of important improvements over the traditional calendar time methodology. The empirical analysis reveals that all the traditional methodologies perform well in the UK security market. Our findings further report that SCTA documents better specification and power than the conventional approaches.
Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Problem of Thermal Generating Units Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this paper particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed to optimize Combined Economic emission Dispatch Problem (CEEDP)of thermal units. Combined Economic emission Dispatch Problem (CEEDP is used to minimize both total fuel cost of generation and the emission of toxic gases of the thermal generating units simultaneously while satisfying the load demand and constraints of the system which makes it multi objective problem.The bi objective problem is converted into single objective problem by introducing price penalty factor to maintain an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real power outputs, transmission losses with minimum emission dispatch. In this paper, the proposed algorithm has been applied to a standard IEEE 30 bus test system with six generating units and three generating units. The results obtained with the proposed approach are compared with results of genetic algorithm and other technique.
ScienceDirect 12 th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry , CCWI 2013 On-line learning of predictive kernel models for urban water demand in a smart city

This paper proposes a multiple kernel regression (MKr) to predict water demand in the presence of a continuous source of information. MKr extends the simple support vector regression (SVR) to a combination of kernels from as many distinct types as kinds of input data are available. In addition, two on-line learning methods to obtain real time predictions as new data arrives to the system are tested by a real-world case study. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the results indicate that our proposal is a suitable tool for making adequate management decisions in the smart cities environment. c © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the CCWI2013 Committee.
Arthritis and Rheumatism Proteomic Study of Salivary Peptides and Proteins in Patients with Sjögren ' s Syndrome Before and After Pilocarpine Treatment

The Rheumatology Journal Scan is the clinician's guide to the latest clinical research findings in Arthritis and Rheumatism, The Journal of Rheumatology, The New England Journal of Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and other journals of interest in rheumatology. Short summaries of feature articles include links to the article abstracts when available. (Access to full-text articles usually requires registration at the specific journal's Web site.)
Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved inverted repeat sequences in the xylanase C promoter region from Streptomyces sp . EC 3

Streptomyces sp. EC3, a strain which was originally isolated from cattle manure compost, was shown to possess a strong xylanolytic activity. One of the genes responsible for this activity, xlnC , encodes a secreted xylanase. In the native strain, as in the heterologous host S. lividans, expression of xlnC was detectable in the presence of xylan but not in the presence of glucose. Induction by xylan was shown to take place at the transcriptional level. The transcriptional start site of xlnC was mapped and likely –35 (5¢-TTGACA-3¢) and – 10 (5¢-GAGAAC-3¢) motifs were identified. In order to localise putative conserved regulatory sequences, the promoter regions of xylanase-encoding genes from various Streptomyces species were aligned. This alignment revealed the existence of three sets of quite well conserved palindromic AT rich sequences called boxes 1, 2 and 3. Box 3 (5¢-CGAAA N TTTCG-3¢) is the farthest away from the promoter region (150–200 bp). A shorter version of this palindrome (5¢-GAAA NN TTTC-3¢) or (5¢-CGAAA-3¢) constitutes box 1, which is located just upstream of the putative –35 promoter sequence. Box 2, located 5–7 bp upstream of box 1, comprises a shorter palindrome than box 3, with inverted polarity [5¢-(G/C)TTTC (N) GAAA(G/C)-3¢]. The putative regulatory role of the conserved inverted repeats in boxes 2 and 3 in the promoter region of the xlnC gene from Streptomyces sp. EC3, was assessed. These boxes were modified by site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutant promoter regions, as well as the wild-type promoter region, were separately fused to a b-lactamase reporter gene. Analysis of the expression patterns of these fusions in cultures grown in the presence of glucose, xylan or both carbon sources demonstrated that these motifs were cis -acting negative regulatory elements, each playing a specific role in the regulation of xlnC expression. Box 3 was shown to be critical for the establishment of repression of xlnC expression by glucose, whereas box 2 was shown to play an important role in the induction of xlnC expression by xylan.
A Variable Regularization Method for Affine Projection Algorithm

The affine projection algorithm (APA) is a generalization of the normalized least mean square algorithm. We propose a variable regularization factor for the APA. Instead of the conventional assumption that the a posteriori error is zero, we incorporate the statistical characteristic of the noise into the adaptation process based on a system identification setup. Exact and approximate formulations for the optimal regularization factor are derived. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the APA in terms of its convergence rate and steady-state misalignment.
Aalborg Universitet Infrastructures and Life-Cycle Cost-Benefit Analysis

Design and maintenance of infrastructures using Life-Cycle Cost-Benefit analysis is discussed in this paper with special emphasis on users costs. This is for several infrastructures such as bridges, highways etc. of great importance. Repair or/and failure of infrastructures will usually result in user costs greater than the repair or replacement costs of the infrastructure. For the society (and the users) it is therefore of great importance that maintenance or replacement of an infrastructure is performed in such a way that all costs are minimized not only the owners cost.
Towards the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer ’ s Disease Through the Application of a Multicriteria Classification Model Amaury Brasil

The Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and degenerative disease of the brain which causes a serious impairment over its two main activities: thinking and memory. According to Celsis (Celsis, 2000), AD is the most common form of dementia among the elderly population, comprising up to 75% of all dementia cases. AD causes a gradual loss of intellectual abilities with deterioration in cognition, function, and behavior, affecting many aspects of an individual life.
Smart Garments for Emergency Operators: The ProeTEX Project

Financed by the European Commission, a consortium of 23 European partners, consisting of universities, research institutions, industries, and organizations operating in the field of emergency management, is developing a new generation of ¿smart¿ garments for emergency-disaster personnel. Garments integrate newly developed wearable and textile solutions, such as commercial portable sensors and devices, in order to continuously monitor risks endangering rescuers' lives. The system enables detection of health-state parameters of the users (heart rate, breathing rate, body temperature, blood oxygen saturation, position, activity, and posture) and environmental variables (external temperature, presence of toxic gases, and heat flux passing through the garments), to process data and remotely transmit useful information to the operation manager. The European-integrated project, called ProeTEX (Protection e-Textiles: Micro-Nano-Structured fiber systems for Emergency-Disaster Wear) started on February, 2006 and will end on July, 2010. During this 4.5 years period, three subsequent generations of sensorized garments are being released. This paper proposes an overview of the project and gives a description of the second-generation prototypes, delivered at the end of 2008.