Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Case for a Balanced Decomposition Process

We present experiments with synthesis tools using examples which are currently believed to be very hard, namely the LEKU examples by Cong and Minkovich and parity examples of our construction. In both cases, we found a way to produce reasonable results with existing tools. We identify the abilities that are crucial for achieving such results, and also generalize them to avoid similar cases of poor performance in future tools. I. INTRODUCTION Logic synthesis is believed to be a matured process, giving results reasonably close to optimum. Yet, there are still circuits which are very hard for any synthesis process. Cong and Minkovich (1) published a method for the construction of combinational circuits with known optimal implementa- tion (LEKO) or with known upper bound (LEKU). Here we study the latter ones, as the gap between the upper bound and obtained results are the largest. Our parity examples (2) are another case of difficult circuits. Synthesis tools give results an order or two bigger than a known upper bound. We investigated the reasons of the observed poor per- formance experimentally. We succeeded in finding tools and procedures that give satisfactory (i.e. not orders of magnitude worse) results, experimented further to obtain clues what makes those tools and procedures successful. First we describe our experimental methods. Secondly, ex- periments with both sets of examples are described together with the results obtained. Finally, we interpret the results and give requirements for future tools.
Flood-Controlled Excess-Air Formation Favors Aerobic Respiration and Limits Denitrification Activity in Riparian Groundwater

The saturated riparian zones of rivers act as spatially and temporally variable biogeochemical reactors. This complicates the assessment of biogeochemical transport and transformation processes. During a flood event, excess-air formation, i.e. the inclusion and dissolution of air bubbles into groundwater, can introduce high amounts of dissolved O2 and thereby affect biogeochemical processes in groundwater. With the help of a field-installed membrane-inlet mass-spectrometer we resolved the effects of flood induced excess-air formationon organic carbon and nitrogen transformations in groundwater of different riparian zones of a restored section of the River Thur, Switzerland. The results show that the flood event triggered high aerobic respiration activity in the groundwater below a zone densely populated with willow plants. The flood introduced high concentrations of O2 (230 µmol L–1) to the groundwater through the formation of excess air and transported up to ~400 µmol L 1 organic carbon from the soil/root layer into groundwater during the movement of the water table. A rapid respiration process, quantified via the measurements of O2, CO2 and noble-gas concentrations, led to fast depletion of the introduced O2 and organic carbon and to high CO2 concentration (590 µmol L–1) in the groundwater shortly after the flood. The synchronous analysis of different nitrogen species allowed studying the importance of denitrification activity. The results indicate that in the willow zone excess-air formation inhibited denitrification through high O2 concentration input. Instead, the observed decrease in nitrate concentration (~50 µmol N L 1) may be related to fostered nitrate uptake by plants. In the other riparian zones closer to the river, no significant excess-air formation and corresponding respiration activity was observed. Overall, analyzing the dissolved gases in the groundwater significantly contributed to deciphering biogeochemical processes in the riparian aquifer characterized by pronounced changes in the flow regime and by spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation. Measuring excess-air formation helped identifying and explaining the low denitrification activity in a zone with high organic carbon turnover and to quantify organic carbon sources.
Improved ISAR imaging based on local polynomial fourier transform

In this paper the local polynomial Fourier transform is introduced. Theoretical analysis and comparisons on the SNR ratio achieved by using the local polynomial Fourier transform, the short time Fourier transform, and the Fourier transform are presented to illustrate the merit of the local polynomial Fourier transform. Improved performance for radar imaging using the local polynomial Fourier transform is demonstrated, compared with that using the short time Fourier transform and Fourier transform.
A novel biometrics method to secure wireless body area sensor networks for telemedicine and m-health

The development of the wireless body area sensor network (BASN) is imperative for modern telemedicine and m-health, but security remains a formidable challenge yet to be resolved. As nodes of BASN are expected to be interconnected on or in the human body, the body itself can form an inherently secure communication pathway that is unavailable to all other kinds of wireless networks. This article explores the use of this conduit in the security mechanism of BASN; that is, by a biometrics approach that uses an intrinsic characteristic of the human body as the authentication identity or the means of securing the distribution of a cipher key to secure inter-BASN communications. The method was tested on 99 subjects with 838 segments of simultaneous recordings of electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram. By using the interpulse interval (IPI) as the biometric trait, the system achieved a minimum half total error rate of 2.58 percent when the IPIs measured from signals, which were sampled at 1000 Hz, were coded into 128-bit binary sequences. The study opens up a few key issues for future investigation, including compensation schemes for the asynchrony of different channels, coding schemes, and other suitable biometric traits.
Different Channels of Impact of Education on Poverty: An Analysis for Colombia

This paper analyses pecuniary and non-pecuniary effects of education on poverty. Two are the main contributions: first, the pecuniary analysis employs the recently developed technique of instrumental variable quantile regression, very helpful method when one is interested in the lowest or highest extremes of the distribution function of the dependent variable. In fact, quantile regression offers coefficient estimations for any conditional quantile. The second contribution derives from our purpose to highlight the non-pecuniary returns to education: resources invested in education bring future returns to individuals, not only reflected in monetary earnings, but also in higher levels of satisfaction of basic needs.
Deriving the Qubit from Entropy Principles

We provide an axiomatization of the simplest quantum system, namely the qubit, based on entropic principles. Specifically, we show: The qubit can be derived from the set of maximumentropy probabilities that satisfy an entropic version of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Our formulation is in phase space (following Wigner [41]) and makes use of Rényi [32] entropy (which includes Shannon [33] entropy as a special case) to measure the uncertainty of, or information contained in, probability distributions on phase space. We posit three axioms. The Information Reality Principle says that the entropy of a physical system, as a measure of the amount or quantity of information it contains, must be a real number. The Maximum Entropy Principle, well-established in information theory, says that the phase-space probabilities should be chosen to be entropy maximizing. The Minimum Entropy Principle is an entropic version of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and is a deliberately chosen physical axiom. Our approach is thus a hybrid of information-theoretic (“entropic”) and physical (“uncertainty principle”) axioms.
The γ-ray afterglows of tidal disruption events

A star wandering too close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH) will be tidally disrupted. Previous studies of such ‘tidal disruption event’ (TDE) mostly focus on the stellar debris that are bound to the system, because they give rise to luminous flares. On the other hand, half of the stellar debris in principle are unbound and can stream to a great distance, but so far there is no clear evidence that this ‘unbound debris stream’ (UDS) exists. Motivated by the fact that the circum-nuclear region around SMBHs is usually filled with dense molecular clouds (MCs), here we investigate the observational signatures resulting from the collision between an UDS and an MC, which is likely to happen hundreds of years after a TDE. We focus on γ-ray emission (0.1–105 GeV), which comes from the encounter of shock-accelerated cosmic rays with background protons and, more importantly, is not subject to extinction. We show that because of the high proton density inside an MC, the peak γ-ray luminosity, about 1039 erg s−1, is at least 100 times greater than that in the case without an MC (only with a smooth interstellar medium). The luminosity decays on a time-scale of decades, depending on the distance of the MC, and about a dozen of these ‘TDE afterglows’ could be detected within a distance of about 16 Mpc by the future Cherenkov Telescope Array. Without careful discrimination, these sources potentially could contaminate the searches for starburst galaxies, galactic nuclei containing millisecond pulsars or dark matter annihilation signals.
The Relation between Virtual Presence and Learning Outcomes in Serious Games - The Mediating Effect of Motivation

Does the immersive design of a serious game affect learners’ virtual presence? Does virtual presence improve learning? By identifying virtual presence as a variable that may determine learning outcomes, it is argued that computer gaming environments present a new challenge for researchers to investigate. Particularly, the effect of games on virtual presence might help designers to predict which instructional configurations will maximize learning performance. Results indicate that the serious game used as an example in this study leads to a strong form of virtual presence. Virtual presence enhanced retention and comprehension but not transfer. It also significantly increased learners’ motivation. Mediation analyses report that the positive relation between virtual presence, retention and comprehension is mediated through increased motivation. These findings suggest that the relation between all variables should be considered an important factor in the design of virtual worlds for learning.
Characterizing multicast orderings using concurrency control theory

Coordinating distributed executions is achieved by two widely used approaches: process groups and transactions. Typically, the two represent a trade-off in terms of the degrees of consistency and performance. By applying transaction concurrency control techniques to characterize and design process group multicast orderings, we aim to provide aspects of both ends of the trade-off. In particular, we propose a framework in which each message multicast is regarded as a transaction. Appropriate message ordering protocols are devised and shown to be correct using a variant of concurrency control theory. Also, we are able do incorporate certain aspects of application semantics for which existing process group approaches are inadequate. Finally, our framework provides a means to characterize the performance of orderings to allow a comparison of different ordering protocols.
Wavelet Entropy as a measure of Depth of Anaesthesia

Depth of Anaesthesia(DoA) is one of the advanced anaesthesia monitoring which helps to optimize the quantity of anaethestic drug delivered to a patient during surgery. This reduces the costs and improves patient outcomes. Present study aims to measure Depth of Anaesthesia (DoA) using Wavelet Analysis. Wavelet Entropy(WE) of the EEG signal is extracted as a measure of DoA from the EEG signals collected during the four phases of general anaesthesia called awake, induction, maintenance and recovery. In order to find out the wavelet entropy, EEG signals during anaesthesia were decomposed into its constituent frequency bands, then WE was calculated from the approximation and detail coefficients. Finally extracted WE is compared with BIS index, which is a commercially available DoA monitor.
for Non-Intrusively Adding Malleable Fork/Join Parallelism into Ordinary

Motivated by the advent of powerful hardware such as SMP machines and execution environments such as Grids, research in parallel programming has gained much attention within the Distributed Computing community. There is a substantial body of efforts in the form of parallel libraries and frameworks that supply developers with programming tools to exploit parallelism in their applications. Still, many of these efforts prioritize performance over other important characteristics such as code invasiveness, ease of use and independence of the underlying executing hardware/environment. In this paper, we present EasyFJP, a new approach for semi-automatically injecting parallelism into sequential Java applications that offers a convenient balance to these four aspects. EasyFJP is based upon the popular fork/join parallel pattern, and combines implicit, application-level parallelism with explicit, non-invasive application tuning. Experiments performed with several classic CPU-intensive benchmarks and a real-world application conﬁrm that EasyFJP effectively addresses these problems while delivers very competitive performance.
Recent Assembly of an Imprinted Domain from Non-Imprinted Components

Genomic imprinting, representing parent-specific expression of alleles at a locus, raises many questions about how—and especially why—epigenetic silencing of mammalian genes evolved. We present the first in-depth study of how a human imprinted domain evolved, analyzing a domain containing several imprinted genes that are involved in human disease. Using comparisons of orthologous genes in humans, marsupials, and the platypus, we discovered that the Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome region on human Chromosome 15q was assembled only recently (105–180 million years ago). This imprinted domain arose after a region bearing UBE3A (Angelman syndrome) fused with an unlinked region bearing SNRPN (Prader-Willi syndrome), which had duplicated from the non-imprinted SNRPB/B′. This region independently acquired several retroposed gene copies and arrays of small nucleolar RNAs from different parts of the genome. In their original configurations, SNRPN and UBE3A are expressed from both alleles, implying that acquisition of imprinting occurred after their rearrangement and required the evolution of a control locus. Thus, the evolution of imprinting in viviparous mammals is ongoing.
Analysing Binary Associations

This paper describes how binary associations in databases of items can be organised and clustered. Two similarity measures are presented that can be used to generate a weighted graph of associations. Each measure focuses on different kinds of regularities in the database. By calculating a Minimum Spanning Tree on the graph of associations, the most significant associations can be discovered and easily visualised, allowing easy understanding of existing relations. By deleting the least interesting associations from the computed tree, the attributes can be clustered.
Investigation of implementing a synchronization protocol under multiprocessors hierarchical scheduling

In the multi-core and multiprocessor domain, there has been considerable work done on scheduling techniques assuming that real-time tasks are independent. In practice a typical real-time system usually share logical resources among tasks. However, synchronization in the multiprocessor area has not received enough attention. In this paper we investigate the possibilities of extending multiprocessor hierarchical scheduling to support an existing synchronization protocol (FMLP) in multiprocessor systems. We discuss problems regarding implementation of the synchronization protocol under the multiprocessor hierarchical scheduling.
Stabilizability of fractional dynamical systems

In this paper, we establish that the controllability and observability properties of fractional dynamical systems in a finite dimensional space are dual. Using this duality result and the Mittag-Leffler matrix function, we propose the stabilizability of fractional MIMO (Multiple-input Multipleoutput) systems. Some numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Autoinducer Enters and Functions in Mammalian Cells

ABSTRACT Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density-dependent signaling mechanism used by many bacteria to control gene expression. Several recent reports indicate that the signaling molecules (autoinducers) that mediate QS in Pseudomonas aeruginosa may also modulate gene expression in host cells; however, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that two P. aeruginosa autoinducers, N-3-oxododecanoyl-homoserine lactone and N-butyryl-homoserine lactone, can both enter eukaryotic cells and activate artificial chimeric transcription factors based on their cognate transcriptional activators, LasR and RhlR, respectively. The autoinducers promoted nuclear localization of chimeric proteins containing the full LasR or RhlR coding region, and the LasR-based proteins were capable of activating transcription of a LasR-dependent luciferase gene. Responsiveness to autoinducer required the N-terminal autoinducer-binding domains of LasR and RhlR. Truncated proteins consisting of only the C-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domains of both proteins attached to a nuclear localization signal efficiently translocated to the nucleus in the absence of autoinducer, and truncated LasR-based proteins functioned as constitutively active transcription factors. Chimeric LasR proteins were only activated by their cognate autoinducer ligand and not by N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone. These data provide evidence that autoinducer molecules from human pathogens can enter mammalian cells and suggest that autoinducers may influence gene expression in host cells by interacting with and activating as-yet-unidentified endogenous proteins.
High Accuracy INS based on Fiber Optical Gyroscope for AUV Application

This paper describes the high accuracy inertial navigation system (INS) for autonomous underwater vehicle application. Because fiber optical gyroscope (FOG) operational principle for sensing inertial rotation is not mechanical, but optical, FOG is inherently quick to start, resistant to shock and vibration, light, compact, and long live. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for strapdown attitude and heading reference system. Our laboratory develops the first self-designed INS based on fiber-optic gyroscope (FOG), which is designed to meet the very high positioning requirement for marine and underwater application. The paper focus on the issue of evaluating the performances of the system based on several scenarios including alignment errors and sensor errors. Several simulations have been done to evaluate INS performances, and results demonstrate it achieves very high performance. A further research topic is to discuss three different functional schemes of INS in terms of free-azimuth system, Foucault system, unipolar system. Moreover, detailed results of system simulation are depicted respectively.
A fixed dimension and perceptually based dynamic sinusoidal model of speech

This paper presents a fixed- and low-dimensional, perceptually based dynamic sinusoidal model of speech referred to as PDM (Perceptual Dynamic Model). To decrease and fix the number of sinusoidal components typically used in the standard sinusoidal model, we propose to use only one dynamic sinusoidal component per critical band. For each band, the sinusoid with the maximum spectral amplitude is selected and associated with the centre frequency of that critical band. The model is expanded at low frequencies by incorporating sinusoids at the boundaries of the corresponding bands while at the higher frequencies a modulated noise component is used. A listening test is conducted to compare speech reconstructed with PDM and state-of-the-art models of speech, where all models are constrained to use an equal number of parameters. The results show that PDM is clearly preferred in terms of quality over the other systems.
False neighbourhoods and tears are the main mapping defaults . How to avoid it ? How to exhibit remaining ones ?

Tears and false neighborhoods are the defaults tha t may occur when a mapping is set up. Three recent articles discuss ab out these risks and proposed various means to detect and avoid such penalizing s ituations. In the present paper we link these methods and suggest a new strat egy to visualize tears and false neighborhoods on a mapping by adapting well-t ri d tools.
MeshLab: an Open-Source 3D Mesh Processing System

47 The MeshLab system was developed by ISTI-CNR in the framework of the EPOCH Network of Excellence funded by the European Commission. EPOCH is a network of about one hundred European institutions collaboratively producing applications involving digital versions of Cultural Heritage material. One of the objectives of Epoch has been to provide a clear organizational and disciplinary framework to improve the quality and effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies for cultural heritage.
DNA Binding and Photocleavage Studies of Cobalt(III) Polypyridine Complexes: [Co(en)2PIP]3+, [Co(en)2IP]3+, and [Co(en)2phen-dione]3+

In this paper, three complexes of type [Co(en)2PIP]3+(PIP=2-phenylimidazo[4,5-f][1,10,] phenanthroline)(1), [Co(en)2IP]3+ (IP = imidazo[4,5-f][1,10,] phenanthroline)(2), and [Co(en)2phen-dione]3+(1,10 phenanthroline 5,6,dione)(3) have been synthesized and characterized by UV/VIS, IR, 1H NMR spectral methods. Absorption spectroscopy, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and DNA melting techniques have been used for investigating the binding of these two complexes with calf thymus DNA, and photocleavage studies were used for investigating these binding of these complexes with plasmid DNA. The spectroscopic studies together with viscosity measurements and DNA melting studies support that complexes 1 and 2 bind to CT DNA (= calf thymus DNA) by intercalation mode via IP or PIP into the base pairs of DNA, and complex 3 is binding as groove mode. Complex 1 binds more avidly to CT DNA than 2 and 3 which is consistent with the extended planar ring π system of PIP. Noticeably, the two complexes have been found to be efficient photosensitisers for strand scissions in plasmid DNA.
Data-driven tree structure based UBM reconstruction for speaker verification

In this paper, a universal background model (UBM) reconstruction approach is presented, by means of modeling the acoustic space hierarchically and then associating each leaf node of the tree with the most relevant Gaussians. This data-driven algorithm is investigated to potentially utilize broad phonetic-specific speaker characteristics by Gaussian mixture model (GMM). We introduce cumulative posterior probability based Gaussian selection and distance measure based UBM parameter estimation using the tree structure. Analysis and validation of the UBM generated by Gaussian tying are provided in this paper. Performance evaluations are conducted on GMM-supervector and I-vector speaker verification systems, respectively. The experimental results on the NIST SRE 2006 show that the performance can be improved consistently compared to the baseline system.