Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relational Spirituality: An Attachment-Based Model of Spiritual Development and Psychological Well-Being

Although religion and spirituality typically incorporate significant affective and relational components, only recently have these components been examined both systematically and empirically. In the present study, the expanding literature on attachment was explored to create a theoretical model that emphasizes principles from “relational spirituality” (Hall, 2004), proposing that attachment variables positively predict both spiritual and psychological outcomes and that spiritual outcomes, in turn, positively predict psychological outcomes. The present model also suggests that spiritual engagement variables moderate these relationships. Results based on structural equation modeling provided evidence that our model demonstrated good fit. Additionally, some of the aforementioned relationships were strengthened in those who were more spiritually engaged, while at times attachment appeared to be a more robust predictor for those who were less spiritually engaged. These results are discussed along with encouragement and implications for further research.
Routine Chromosomal Microarray Analysis is Necessary in Korean Patients With Unexplained Developmental Delay/Mental Retardation/Autism Spectrum Disorder

Background All over the world, chromosomal microarray (CMA) is now the first tier diagnostic assay for genetic testing to evaluate developmental delay (DD), mental retardation (MR), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with unknown etiology. The average diagnostic yield of the CMA test is known to be about 12.2%, while that of conventional G-banding karyotype is below 3%. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of CMA for the purpose of clinical diagnostic testing in the Korean population. Methods We performed CMA and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) tests in 96 patients with normal karyotype and unexplained DD, MR, or ASD. The CMA was conducted with CytoScan 750K array (Affymetrix, USA) with an average resolution of 100 kb. Results Pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 15 patients by CMA and in two patients by MLPA for four known microdeletion syndromes (Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, Miller-Dieker syndrome and Williams syndrome) designated by National Health Insurance system in Korea. The diagnostic yield was 15.6% and 2.1%, respectively. Thirteen (13.5%) patients (excluding cases with pathogenic CNVs) had variants of uncertain clinical significance. There was one patient with a 17.1-megabase (Mb) region of homozygosity on chromosome 4q. Conclusions Our findings suggest the necessity of CMA as a routine diagnostic test for unexplained DD, MR, and ASD in Korea.
An SDN-based framework for elastic resource sharing in integrated FDD/TDD LTE-A HetNets

Spectrum and infrastructure sharing among multiple mobile network operators have recently drawn significant attention from the industry and the academia sectors. Recent advances in the area of Software Defined Networking (SDN) launch the design of innovative SDN-based solutions for resource sharing in multi-tier networks of macrocell and small-sized base stations, a.k. a. HetNet. In this paper, we present a novel SDN-based framework that enables efficient and elastic spectrum utilization among multiple operators in 3GPP LTE-A HetNet scenario. Assuming a multi-operator environment of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) macrocells complemented by multi-tenant Time Division Duplex (TDD) pico cells, we present a SDN-based architecture that allows efficient resource sharing among the TDD and FDD systems in a dynamic way. A TDD frame re-configuration mechanism is also employed, to optimize the ratio of uplink and downlink slots in the TDD frame of picocells. System-level simulation results demonstrate that the combination of these two functional enhancements in the LTE-A HetNet, significantly reduces the application layer delay for both the FDD macrocell and TDD picocell systems, leading to highly efficient and dynamic spectrum sharing among multiple network operators.
Experiences of separation and divorce among foster and adoptive families: the need for supportive responses

Separation and divorce are realities faced by many families. Yet in the case of foster and adoptive families, only a small number of studies have looked at the way such experiences affect them. This article seeks to fill this gap by exploring the nature and consequences of separation and divorce among foster and adoptive families in Australia and the United States. A thematic analysis of primary and secondary data collected by the authors identified three dominant themes: (1) that divorcing foster families experience variable responses from service providers; (2) that some adoptive parents perceive that relationship breakdowns compound adoption-related losses; and (3) that some adoptees challenge the assumption that the nature and experience of separation and divorce among adoptive families is unique. The article concludes by advocating for the provision of clear guidelines for foster and adoptive families experiencing separation or divorce, and highlights the need for supportive community responses to help those affected.
A Hybrid Framework for Representing Uncertain Knowledge

This paper addresses the problem of bridging the gap between the fields of Knowledge Renresentation (KR) and Uncertain Reasoning (UR). The proposed solution consists of a framework for representing uncertain knowledge in which two components, one dealing with (categorical) knowledge and one dealing with uncertainty about this knowledge, are singled out. In this sense, the framework is "hybrid". This framework is characterized in both modeltheoretic and proof-theoretic terms. State of belief is represented by "belief sets", defined in terms of the "functional approach to knowledge representation" suggested by Levesque. Examples are given, using first order logic and (a minimal subset of) M-Krypton for the KR side, and a yes/no trivial case and Dempster-Shafer theory for the UR side.
Cooperation through reciprocity in multiagent systems: an evolutionary analysis

The Service Game is a model for reciprocity in multiagent systems. Here, agents interact repeatedly by requesting and providing services. In contrast to existing models where players are matched randomly, players of the Service Game may choose with whom they play. The rationale behind provider selection is to choose a provider that is likely to perform a task as desired. We develop a formal model for provider selection in the Service Game. An evolutionary process based on a genetic algorithm allows us to incorporate notions of bounded rationality, learning, and adaptation into the analysis of the game. We conduct a series of experiments to study the evolution of strategies and the emergence of cooperation. We show that cooperation is more expensive with provider selection than with random matching. Further, populations consisting of discriminators and defectors form a bistable community.
Effects of Dispersal and Initial Diversity on the Composition and Functional Performance of Bacterial Communities

Natural communities are open systems and consequently dispersal can play an important role for the diversity, composition and functioning of communities at the local scale. It is, however, still unclear how effects of dispersal differ depending on the initial diversity of local communities. Here we implemented an experiment where we manipulated the initial diversity of natural freshwater bacterioplankton communities using a dilution-to-extinction approach as well as dispersal from a regional species pool. The aim was further to test whether dispersal effects on bacterial abundance and functional parameters (average community growth rates, respiration rates, substrate utilisation ability) differ in dependence of the initial diversity of the communities. First of all, we found that both initial diversity and dispersal rates had an effect on the recruitment of taxa from a regional source, which was higher in communities with low initial diversity and at higher rates of dispersal. Higher initial diversity and dispersal also promoted higher levels of richness and evenness in local communities and affected, both, separately or interactively, the functional performance of communities. Our study therefore suggests that dispersal can influence the diversity, composition and functioning of bacterial communities and that this effect may be enhanced if the initial diversity of communities is depleted.
The use of interstation P wave arrival time differences to account for regional path variability

The difference between arrival times from one seismic event to a pair of receivers is largely insensitive to source location error when certain geometric conditions are met. Using catalog data from a Chinese regional network, we illustrate the use of arrival time differences to control data quality and to derive a two‐dimensional map of Pn velocity and relative site terms. The resulting velocity patterns follow regional geology closely, site terms reflect variations in crustal thickness, and both are consistent with previous work based on single ray methods. The model fits the time difference data to better than 1 s and we obtain a variance reduction of 75%. We believe that the continued development of time‐difference techniques will lead to improved location accuracy and precision using regional network data.
Realizing Business Benefits Through CRM: Hitting the Right Target in the Right Way

12 Managing customer relationships was easier in earlier times. Merchants knew their customers – the members of their households, what they generally bought, their likely future purchases, and their current and potential value as customers. This knowledge helped merchants create highly effective customer relationships. However , that close understanding of customers eroded as people became more mobile, cities grew, companies became larger, and marketing reach expanded. This development was unfortunate for customers and companies alike. 1 This article was reviewed and accepted by all the senior editors, including the editor-in-chief. Articles published in future issues will be accepted by just a single senior editor, based on reviews by members of the Editorial Board. Today, many companies are trying to go back to " the good old days " of knowing their customers well by capturing the available wealth of internal and external data, analyzing that data to better understand customer needs, preferences, and profitability, and then leverag-ing that knowledge in every customer contact. Recent studies show that the movement to customer relationship management (CRM) is gaining momentum. 3 One survey of more than 1,500 companies by The Data Warehousing Institute (TDWI) in 2000 found that 91 percent either have or plan to deploy a CRM solution in the near future. 4 Over the past few years, the authors (on their own and in cooperation with TDWI and Teradata, a division of NCR) have undertaken a series of studies to examine the CRM phenomenon. Our portfolio of research includes case studies, telephone interviews, and surveys Many companies are in the early stages of implementing customer relationship management (CRM). Although CRM promises increased revenues, profits, and customer service, companies face potential failure because of the complex technical and organizational issues involved. Our research on CRM, and six company experiences in particular, illustrate three CRM " targets " that companies aim for: implement a single or a few applications , create a strong infrastructure to support CRM, or use CRM to transform the organization. These targets have very different impacts and different challenges, as reflected in six lessons: They differ on both costs and benefits; sponsorship varies; each suggests a different evolution for a CRM effort; prepare to get your hands dirty in cleaning the data; ensure that the architecture will scale; and you can (sometimes! ) teach old dogs new tricks.
Pi is in Log Space

We say that a real number α is in Log space if its n-th bit (n ∈ Z) can be computed in O(log |n|) space. We show that π = 3.14159 · · · is in Log space. This implies that π is in the complexity class SC. The latter result has been conjectured by Lipton, and widely assumed to be true from the work of Bailey, Borwein and Plouffe (BBP) and others. Our result extends to other constants such as log 2 or π that also possess two essential ingredients: they have BBP-like series and have bounded irrationality measures.
News Media Uses During War

This study contextualizes the theory of uses and gratifications in war and conflict, using the Syrian conflict as a case study. The survey of 2192 displaced Syrian nationals in four countries (Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, and Turkey) revealed major uses and gratifications of traditional and new media. Among all media, television consumption showed the highest correlation with people’s perception of television as being useful for providing information, while among digital media, social media were the most important for receiving information.
Channel estimation for adaptive frequency-domain equalization

Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) is an effective technique for high-rate wireless communications because of its reduced complexity compared to conventional time-domain equalization (TDE). In this paper, we consider adaptive FDE for single-carrier (SC) systems with explicit channel and noise-power estimation. The channel response is estimated in the frequency domain following two different approaches. The first operates independently on each frequency bin while the second exploits the fading correlation across the signal bandwidth. Least-mean-square (LMS) and recursive-least-square (RLS) algorithms are employed to update the channel estimates. The noise power is estimated using a low-complexity algorithm based on ad hoc reasoning. Compared to other existing receivers employing adaptive FDE, the proposed schemes have better error-rate performance and can be used even in the presence of relatively fast fading.
Sumi-nagashi: creation of new style media art with haptic digital colors

This installation provides painters with a method for feeling attributes of digital colors and a fluid canvas. When a user of this installation moves the stylus paintbrush over the digital canvas, he/she senses the "weight of the colors" through the brush. For example, the user experiences dark colors as heavy in weight and light colors as light in weight. Complex painting is expressed as a mixed tactile sensation using a new desk-style force feedback system called the "Proactive Desk. " Other existing digital painting systems that use haptic cues usually aim to be physically and visually correct. In this approach, however, we invested effort in enhancing the relationship between digital colors as a virtual material and the sense of touch. Additionally, we took the importance of co-located drawing work space for creative tasks into account. We believe that this experience will arouse new inspiration and give digital painters the opportunity to experience again how important touch is for creativity in art.
Second-Line Therapy for Patients with Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin: Addendum to Project Protocol — August 14, 2009

Section 5.1. 3 Additional antidiabetes agents to be studied:  liraglutide (a GLP-1 analogue)  saxagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor). Section 6.1. 2 (a) Selection criteria Clarification:  Primary studies will be included if second-line agents are compared as add-ons to metformin monotherapy regardless of treatment history before metformin monotherapy. This includes studies that employ a metformin monotherapy run-in period before the addition of second-line agents. Section 6.1. 2 (i) Data synthesis and analysis Changes to the planned analysis:  All data from head-to-head, direct treatment comparisons that form a closed network will be synthesized at the drug class level (e.g., sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones). For glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C), body weight, and hypoglycemia outcomes, separate mixed treatment comparison (MTC) analyses will be conducted in which sulfonylureas and thiazolidinediones will be disaggregated to the level of individual agents.  Weight loss agents (i.e., orlistat and sibutramine) are primarily used to lower body weight rather than to manage hyperglycemia. The populations enrolled in studies involving these agents are, therefore, likely to differ from studies of other agents. Hence, these agents will be excluded from MTC analysis, although any direct comparisons of weight loss agents versus placebo or other antidiabetes treatments will be reported.  Study arms that use fixed, low doses of second-line therapies will be removed from the reference case MTC meta-analysis. Doses lower than the defined daily doses from the World Health Organization will be considered low doses. Where the defined daily dose is not available, doses lower than the lowest recommended maintenance doses in product monographs will be defined as low doses.  The reference case analysis will exclude data from extension phases for all outcomes other than safety and long-term complications.  The deviance information criterion statistic will be used to assess the goodness-of-fit of all models, including subgroup and sensitivity analyses. The deviance information criterion statistic provides a measure of model fit that penalizes model complexity.
Reading motivation and reading habits of future teachers

According to PISA 2009 results (OCDE, 2010), the Reading literacy of Spanish teenagers is under the international average, and reading motivation and reading habits are highly related to reading performance. And ass research reveals that teachers can be very important for the development of reading pleasure (Gambrell, 1996; Guthrie, 2008) specially if they are reading models (De Neaghel & Van Keer, 2013), the objective of this study is to explore reading habit and reading motivation in preservice teachers.To do so, it has been used a reading habit questionnaire for university students (Larranaga & Yubero, 2005) and the reading motivation scale develop for PISA 2009 (OCDE, 2010) with 433 Education undergraduates of the University of Castilla-La Mancha.Results confirm the significant association between reading habits and reading motivation. However, while a high proportion of the participants declare high or very high intrinsic reading motivation, very feware frequent readers. In addition, differences in reading motivation and reading habit depending on the course were not found.Implications of the discrepancies found between what future teachers say and do as readers are discussed.
Automated metamorphic testing of variability analysis tools

Variability determines the capability of software applications to be configured and customized. A common need during the development of variability‐intensive systems is the automated analysis of their underlying variability models, for example, detecting contradictory configuration options. The analysis operations that are performed on variability models are often very complex, which hinders the testing of the corresponding analysis tools and makes difficult, often infeasible, to determine the correctness of their outputs, that is, the well‐known oracle problem in software testing. In this article, we present a generic approach for the automated detection of faults in variability analysis tools overcoming the oracle problem. Our work enables the generation of random variability models together with the exact set of valid configurations represented by these models. These test data are generated from scratch using stepwise transformations and assuring that certain constraints (a.k.a. metamorphic relations) hold at each step. To show the feasibility and generalizability of our approach, it has been used to automatically test several analysis tools in three variability domains: feature models, common upgradeability description format documents and Boolean formulas. Among other results, we detected 19 real bugs in 7 out of the 15 tools under test. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Change Detection Algorithm for Retrieving High-Resolution Soil Moisture From SMAP Radar and Radiometer Observations

A change detection algorithm has been developed in order to obtain high-resolution soil moisture estimates from future Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) L-band radar and radiometer observations. The approach combines the relatively noisy 3-km radar backscatter coefficients and the more accurate 36-km radiometer brightness temperature into an optimal 10-km product. In preparation for the SMAP mission, an observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) and field experimental campaigns using the Passive and Active L- and S-band Airborne Sensor (PALS) have been conducted. We use the PALS airborne observations and OSSE data to test the algorithm and develop an error budget table. When applied to four-month OSSE data, the change detection method is shown to perform better than direct inversion of the radiometer brightness temperatures alone, improving the root mean square error by 2% volumetric soil moisture content. The main assumptions of the algorithm are verified using PALS data from the soil moisture experiments held during June-July 2002 (Soil Moisture Experiment 2002) in Iowa. The algorithm error budget is estimated and shown to meet SMAP science requirements.
Combination of momentum term based natural gradient algorithm with variable smoothing factor

The convex combination of two momentum term based algorithms with different momentum factors is an effective solution to highlight the tradeoff between convergence rate and steady-state error of a blind source separation system. As the smoothing factor is chosen in the range from 0 to 1, however, the performance of this convex combination is restricted. In this paper, a novel variable smoothing factor approach is proposed to optimize the proportions of the two separating subsystems. The value span of the smoothing factor is effectively expanded by modifying the updating rule for each BSS subsystem, which leads to a better tradeoff between convergence rate and steady-state error. The simulation experiments showed the good performance of the proposed variable smoothing factor method for separating the instantaneous mixed signals.
Design for a Generic Knowledge Base for Autonomic QoE Optimization in Multimedia Access Networks

The management of access networks to guarantee the Quality of Experience for multiplay services, is complicated by the heterogeneity in service specifics and home network configurations. The appropriate action to restore the QoE is highly dependent on the type of service, the affected user, etc. This requires an almost per-user and per-service management. Through autonomous reasoning, the required QoE restorative actions for underperforming services can be determined in a scalable way. This reasoning process needs a solid knowledge base, containing information about the network, the services and the QoE restorative actions that can be undertaken. This article gives an overview of these requirements and presents an OWL/SWRL based knowledge base that can be used in an autonomous QoE management architecture for the access network. Besides storing all information, the proposed knowledge base will autonomously deduce new information. This new information can be used to raise alarms to higher layers in the architecture or to autonomously propose QoE restorative actions for underperforming services.