Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inferring programmer intent and related errors from software

Software is difficult to write and maintain. Much of the challenge in developing a program lies in specifying it—understanding precisely what it should be doing. Both human-oriented tasks (like fixing a bug) and automated tasks (like mechanical verification) require knowledge of a program’s intended behavior. For the vast majority of software projects, though, complete and well-documented specifications simply do not exist. Writing specifications—discovering and codifying intent—is a time-consuming and largely manual process. This dissertation presents research into easing this process through automation. The work has focused on the problem of automatically “inferring” specifications directly from programs by analyzing their behavior. This dissertation presents a family of related algorithms, frameworks, and tools for reverse engineering a specific (but common) class of specification: temporal safety properties. It also includes a presentation of OCD, a software tool that leverages these “inference” techniques to both learn specifications and find bugs—simultaneously and fully automatically. Each presented algorithm and tool is practical, finding useful specifications and previously unknown bugs in large, widely-used software projects like Eclipse. This dissertation concludes with a discussion of future work on this topic, including an outline of my vision of a new research area I am calling Intelligent Program Analysis.
Effect of Amino Acid Mixture Intake on Physiological Responses and Rating of Perceived Exertion during Cycling Exercise

This study examined the effects of an amino acid mixture supplement on physiological response and ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal cycle-ergometer exercise in 15 healthy, untrained male students. Subjects performed submaximal sustained exercise (oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold: 54.6 ± 12.5% of maximum oxygen uptake capacity) with a cycle-ergometer ride for 60 min. after resting for 1 min. and unloaded cycling for 2 min. They drank either a 380-ml supplement containing vespa amino acids or a lemon-flavored placebo at 30 min. before starting exercise in a double-blind design. The subjects participated in both experiments over a 1-wk. interval. Oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, and plasma lactate concentration were measured during the exercise. The change-rate of respiratory exchange ratio for the Supplement group was significantly lower than that for the Placebo group at 10 min. after starting exercise. The change-rate of the ratings of perceived exertion for the Supplement group was significantly lower than that for the Placebo group at 50 min. after starting exercise. There were no significant changes in the rates in oxygen uptake, heart rate, and plasma lactate concentration between groups. We inferred that ingesting the supplement before starting exercise has a significant effect on the respiratory exchange ratio and ratings of perceived exertion during submaximal sustained exercise for 60 min. but not on oxygen uptake, heart rate, and plasma lactate concentration.
The 1830 Revolution in France

Book synopsis: This book explores the nature and scope of the 1830 French revolution. Recent developments in the study of history and in the world have done much to overturn established ideas, both of marxists who believed all revolutions led to socialism, and of liberals who feared violence, but who assumed democracy would triumph. Wedged between the revolutions of 1789 and 1848, the author asks was 1830 a minor bourgeois Parisian event? Although politically avoidable, Dr Pilbeam demonstrates that socially it was part of a long-running struggle of peasants and artisans to preserve their way of life.
Experimental spinal cord injury : Development of protection and repair strategies in rats

iv List of Papers . vi
A simple and fast secondary structure prediction method using hidden neural networks

MOTIVATION In this paper, we present a secondary structure prediction method YASPIN that unlike the current state-of-the-art methods utilizes a single neural network for predicting the secondary structure elements in a 7-state local structure scheme and then optimizes the output using a hidden Markov model, which results in providing more information for the prediction. RESULTS YASPIN was compared with the current top-performing secondary structure prediction methods, such as PHDpsi, PROFsec, SSPro2, JNET and PSIPRED. The overall prediction accuracy on the independent EVA5 sequence set is comparable with that of the top performers, according to the Q3, SOV and Matthew's correlations accuracy measures. YASPIN shows the highest accuracy in terms of Q3 and SOV scores for strand prediction. AVAILABILITY YASPIN is available on-line at the Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics website (http://ibivu.cs.vu.nl/programs/yaspinwww/) at the Vrije University in Amsterdam and will soon be mirrored on the Mathematical Biology website (http://www.mathbio.nimr.mrc.ac.uk) at the NIMR in London. CONTACT kxlin@nimr.mrc. ac.uk
Surgery on Intracranial Aneurysms Under Simultaneous Microscopic and Endoscopic Monitoring

Endovascular treatment is appealing to both patients and practitioners alike for its less invasive nature and use of advanced equipment. However, follow-up angiography to confirm obliteration is necessary because reappearance of the aneurysm with coil compaction may sometimes occur even after successful coiling. Open clip surgery requiring no such follow-up procedures still has the advantage over the coiling if it is accomplished, and some aneurysms are more successfully treated with surgical clipping. In the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, those ideal for coiling are also amenable to clipping, and because coiling is more widely adopted, the more complex aneurysms tend to be treated with open surgery. Consequently, considering the adoption of various innovations, open surgery should be safer and should provide more lasting outcomes. To achieve optimal results in aneurysm surgery, we have adopted several types of monitoring, including physiological monitoring incorporating motor evoked potential, endoscope, and intraoperative indocyanine green or fluorescent angiography. Each type of monitoring has reportedly been effective at contributing to the safety and minimal invasiveness of aneurysm surgery. The introduction of the endoscope for microsurgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms has been advocated because it enables the surgeon to ‘‘see around corners’’ and to observe areas hidden from the microscope, Perneczky and Fries elaborated on the general principles of endoscope-assisted microsurgery and described the 3 advantages of endoscopes as follows: increased light intensity while approaching an object, clarity of detail in close-up positions, and wider viewing angle. They initially presented the concept of endoscope-assisted microneurosurgery under simultaneous microscopic and endoscopic control. The position and fixation of the endoscope are achieved by retractor arms fixed to the operating table or the headrest. Thus, the surgeon can perform microsurgical manipulations with both hands under simultaneous endoscopic and microscopic control at all times. Therefore, the surgeon can inspect hidden structures, dissect perforators at the back of the aneurysm, identify important vessel segments without retraction of the aneurysm or arteries, and check for completion of clipping. Here, we describe our techniques for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms under simultaneous monitoring with the operating microscope and endoscope held by the air-lock system.
Border Crossing: Bricolage and the Erosion of Categorical Boundaries in French Gastronomy

Sociological researchers have studied the consequences of strong categorical boundaries, but have devoted little attention to the causes and consequences of boundary erosion. This study analyzes the erosion of categorical boundaries in the case of opposing category pairs. The authors propose that categorical boundaries weaken when the borrowing of elements from a rival category by high-status actors triggers emulation such that the mean number of elements borrowed by others increases and the variance in the number of elements borrowed declines. It is suggested that penalties to borrowing in the form of downgraded evaluations by critics exist, but decline as the number of peers who borrow increases. The research setting is French gastronomy during the period from 1970 to 1997, when classical and nouvelle cuisines were rival categories competing for the allegiance of chefs. The results broadly support the authors' hypotheses, indicating that chefs redrew the boundaries of culinary categories, which critics eventually recognized. Implications for research on blending and segregating processes are outlined.
SYNTACTICALLY-INFORMEDMODELS FOR COMMA PREDICTION

Providing punctuation in speech transcripts not only improves readability, but it also helps downstream text processing such as information extraction or machine translation. In this paper, we improve by 7% the accuracy of comma prediction in English broadcast news by introducing syntactic features inspired by the role of commas as described in linguistics studies. We conduct an analysis of the impact of those features on other subsets of features (prosody, words.) when combined through CRFs. The syntactic cues can help characterizing large syntactic patterns such as appositions and lists which are not necessarily marked by prosody.
Personalized Service Discovery in Ubiquitous Computing Environments

In ubiquitous computing environments, users want to discover the most appropriate service to support their tasks. Because the most appropriate service depends on user preferences and context, service discovery protocols should personalize results. A service discovery framework based on the virtual personal space (VPS)-that is, a virtual administrative domain of services managed for the user-aims to provide this personalization. In this framework, personal operating middleware embedded in a personal device manages a set of contextually close services in the user's VPS. An inference module supports this management. Laboratory evaluations show that the VPS framework helps users find high-quality, appropriate services.
Flexible Rules cum Constrained Discretion: A New Consensus in Monetary Policy

This paper demonstrates that recent influential contributions to monetary policy imply an emerging consensus whereby neither rigid rules nor complete discretion are found optimal. Instead, middle-ground monetary regimes based on rules (operative under 'normal' circumstances) to anchor inflation expectations over the long run, but designed with enough flexibility to mitigate the short-run effect of shocks (with communicated discretion in 'exceptional' circumstances temporarily overriding these rules), are gaining support in theoretical models and policy formulation and implementation. The opposition of 'rules versus discretion' has, thus, reappeared as the synthesis of 'rules cum discretion', in essence as inflation-forecast targeting.
Chinese migrants in New York: Explaining inequalities with transnational positions and capital conversions in transnational spaces

This article puts forward the concept of ‘transnational positions’ as an important part of a new analytical framework to deconstruct and explain the inequalities that 22 Chinese transnational migrants – who had links to Singapore and who lived in New York – perceived they experienced when attempting to access resources in the transnational spaces they formed by living in several societies. Emphasis is on analyzing their experiences in New York and in Singapore. Transnational positions are the migrants’ subjective and retrospective accounts of their relations with people and institutions controlling access to desired resources in the different countries and places in which they lived. This new framework uses Bourdieu’s ideas of capital conversions to deconstruct and analyze the Chinese migrants’ transnational positions. The article shows that these positions express and reflect the migrants’ perceptions of their inequalities when they attempted to access resources in their transnational spaces, and that these inequalities are the intersections of cultural, social, economic, and political characteristics, with roots in different places, which the Chinese migrants saw as the opportunities and constraints with accessing resources in their transnational spaces. The relevance of this new analytical framework, and the data analysis, to explain cultural hybridity and cosmopolitanism are discussed.
Effect of integrated school-based nutrition education on optimal dietary practices and nutritional status of school adolescents in Southwest of Ethiopia: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract Background: Malnutrition and infection are major barriers to educational access and achievement in low-income countries and also work in conjunction with each other in deteriorating wellness and productivity of school adolescents. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education using a peer-led approach, health promotion through school media and health clubs. Data were collected at baseline, midline and end line from sampled participants. To account for the effect of time trend, the difference was measured using a repeated measure analysis. Variables that have p≤0.25 in the bivariate analyses were entered into multivariables to determine the independent effect of interventions. Results: There is a significant difference in food variety between food secure and insecure households (p<0.01). A significant improvement of animal source dietary intake was observed among intervention schools (p<0.001) that was significantly associated with an intervention [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.26, confidence interval (CI): 0.16, 0.42], male gender (AOR=0.48, CI: 0.31, 0.73) and household economic status (AOR=1.69, CI: 1.01, 2.84). The control group had high body mass index (BMI) at baseline, but a significant improvement was observed among the intervention schools, which positively associated with male gender (AOR=4.13, CI: 2.38, 7.15) and having a middle-income family (AOR=2.93, CI: 1.92, 6.15). Conclusion: This study showed that by integrating a dietary intervention into school-based activities, there might be significant improvements in dietary intake of primary school adolescents. Therefore, school-based nutrition education programs should be a part of comprehensive school health programs to reach the students and potentially their families.
Graphical models for the recognition of Arabic continuous speech based triphones modeling

Recent developments in inference and learning in Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) allow their use in real-world applications is the first successful application of DBNs to a large scale speech recognition problem. Even if their progress is huge, those models lack a discriminatory ability especially on speech recognition such as the Hidden Markov models (HMM). In this paper, we present the performance of the hybridization of Supports Vectors machine with Dynamic Bayesian networks for Arabic triphones-based continuous speech. In fact, SVM are based on a structural risk minimization (SRM) where the aim is to set up a classifier that minimizes a bound on the expected risk, rather than the empirical risk. The best results are obtained with the proposed system SVM/DBN when we achieve 78.87% as the best recognition rate of a tested speaker. The speech recognizer was evaluated with ARABIC_DB corpus and performs at 8.04% WER as compared to 10.08% with triphones mixture-Gaussian DBN system, 10.54% with hybrid model SVM/HMM and 12.03% with HMM standards.
3D body scanning with hairstyle using one time‐of‐flight camera

Capturing realistic 3D shapes of human bodies is very useful for many computer graphics applications. However, for existing 3D shape capturing devices, such as structured light, laser scanner or multi‐view methods, problems arise when dealing with 3D hairstyle scanning and body deformation. To solve these problems, a novel approach is proposed to scan 3D body with hairstyle using only one time‐of‐flight (TOF) camera. By capturing depth data at video rate, temporal average meshes can be obtained from different views. After some analysis, we found that the local geometric details of real surfaces, after the hair scanning process and low‐frequency body deformation, are still preserved in the average meshes. Utilising the restriction that the corresponding surfaces in different views should overlap, a global optimisation process is proposed to iteratively improve the average meshes, while still preserving the geometric details. The proposed system is compact, and can scan 3D human body easily. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Honey Bee Mating Optimization Scheme for Active Contour Model

In this paper, the honey bee mating optimization (HBMO) algorithm is used to improve the detection of the concave region connected with the control points of active contour. In the traditional active contour model (ACM) method, the updating of control point is based on its local energy within a small searching window. As a result, it always results in the failure of precisely searching the boundary concavities. In order to vanquish these drawbacks, the HBMO-based snake scheme is adopted in this paper to search for the optimal position in a lager searching window around each control point. In this proposed scheme, to each active contour there is a chromosome that includes several genes as well as the control points of active contour. These control points are moved iteratively by minimizing the total energy of the active contour. Experimental results reveal that the proposed HBMO-based snake scheme can locate the object boundary of concavity more precisely without requiring large of computational time.
Leader‐member exchange and subordinate outcomes: test of a mediation model

Purpose – Following Hackett et al.'s treatment of the reasonably established role of leader‐member exchange (LMX) in employee outcomes, this paper seeks to examine the mechanism which operates between LMX and various work outcomes in an attempt to bridge this gap in the literature.Design/methodology/approach – The hypotheses were tested using data from 306 working software professionals in India. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that contained standardized scales of LMX (perceived contribution and affect), satisfaction, commitment, and citizenship behavior (loyalty). Findings – A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done to examine the dimensionality of the study variables. Results provide support to all the hypotheses.Research limitations/implications – Data were collected from a single source, direction of causality is assumed (not tested) and all the data were collected through self‐reports. Some measures are taken to control them.Practical implications – The findings have implic.
Multisensor-fusion for 3D full-body human motion capture

In this work, we present an approach to fuse video with orientation data obtained from extended inertial sensors to improve and stabilize full-body human motion capture. Even though video data is a strong cue for motion analysis, tracking artifacts occur frequently due to ambiguities in the images, rapid motions, occlusions or noise. As a complementary data source, inertial sensors allow for drift-free estimation of limb orientations even under fast motions. However, accurate position information cannot be obtained in continuous operation. Therefore, we propose a hybrid tracker that combines video with a small number of inertial units to compensate for the drawbacks of each sensor type: on the one hand, we obtain drift-free and accurate position information from video data and, on the other hand, we obtain accurate limb orientations and good performance under fast motions from inertial sensors. In several experiments we demonstrate the increased performance and stability of our human motion tracker.
Determinants of Condom Use Intentions and Behavior Among Turkish Youth

Abstract The assumptions of two social cognition models, the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) and the Health Belief Model (Rosenstock, 1974) are examined in 2 samples of Turkish university students: sexually active and sexually inactive. For sexually inactive participants, perceived benefits of condom use and self-efficacy beliefs regarding condom use were associated with stronger condom use intentions. For sexually active participants, positive attitudes toward condom use were the most important determinant of condom use intentions. Intentions were strongly associated with condom use. Current findings provide important information for designing HIV/AIDS education campaigns and materials for Turkish youth with different sexual histories. The results suggest that the Theory of Planned Behavior has merit in informing health promotion campaigns in a Turkish setting.
Development and assignment of bovine-specific PCR systems for the Texas nomenclature marker genes and isolation of homologous BAC probes

In 1996, Popescu et al. published the Texas standard nomenclature of the bovine karyotype in which 31 marker genes, already mapped in man, were chosen to permit unambiguous identification and numbering of each bovine chromosome. However, specific PCR systems were not available for each marker gene thus preventing the assignment of part of these markers by somatic cell hybrid analysis. In addition, some difficulties remained with the nomenclature of BTA25, BTA27 and BTA29. In this work, specific PCR systems were developed for each of the marker genes except VIL1 (see results), from either existing bovine or human sequences, and a bovine BAC library was screened to obtain the corresponding BAC clones. These PCR systems were used successfully to confirm the assignment of each marker gene (except for LDHA, see results) by analysis on the INRA hamster-bovine somatic cell hybrid panel. The difficulties observed for LDHA and VIL1 are probably due to the fact that these genes belong to large gene families and therefore suggest that they may not be the most appropriate markers for a standardisation effort. This panel of BACs is available to the scientific community and has served as a basis for the establishment of a revised standard nomenclature of bovine chromosomes. bovine / BAC library / cytogenetics / mapping / Texas standard
ON VEIN ENHANCEMENT METHODS FOR BIOMETRIC SYSTEM

Vein biometric system uses vein inside human body as a unique identification. Researchers have concluded that human vein pattern is unique to an individual. Vein pattern cannot be stolen or duplicated because it is in the human body. At present, vein pattern in finger, palm, palm-dorsa and wrist of human are used for biometric system. This paper presents a review on vein enhancement methods. This paper begins with overview of vein detection and the advantages of vein as biometric modal. Next, the vein capturing technology to obtain the vein pattern in human body is presented. Finally, preceding works related to vein enhancement methods are discussed and reviewed
Chapter 1 An Information Theoretic View of Distributed Antenna Processing in Cellular Systems

This chapter presents a survey of information theoretic results available on DAS in cellular systems. The treatment focuses on the derivation of the sum-rate of different inter-cell and intra-cell communications strategies for both uplink and downlink. A simple symmetric family of cellular models in which the inter-cell interferences are emerging from a the adjacent cells only is considered. Although hardly realistic, this family of models accounts for essential parameters of cellular systems such as inter-cell interference and fading. Whenever computation of the sum-rate is intractable or yields little insight into the problem, asymptotic performance criteria (e.g. extreme-SNR parameters) are evaluated. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of benefits of cooperation among APs (i.e. joint detection/precoding).