Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A high-throughput method to globally study the organelle morphology in S. cerevisiae

High-throughput methods to examine protein localization or organelle morphology is an effective tool for studying protein interactions and can help achieve an comprehensive understanding of molecular pathways. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the development of the non-essential gene deletion array, we can globally study the morphology of different organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria using GFP (or variant)-markers in different gene backgrounds. However, incorporating GFP markers in each single mutant individually is a labor-intensive process. Here, we describe a procedure that is routinely used in our laboratory. By using a robotic system to handle high-density yeast arrays and drug selection techniques, we can significantly shorten the time required and improve reproducibility. In brief, we cross a GFP-tagged mitochondrial marker (Apc1-GFP) to a high-density array of 4,672 nonessential gene deletion mutants by robotic replica pinning. Through diploid selection, sporulation, germination and dual marker selection, we recover both alleles. As a result, each haploid single mutant contains Apc1-GFP incorporated at its genomic locus. Now, we can study the morphology of mitochondria in all non-essential mutant background. Using this high-throughput approach, we can conveniently study and delineate the pathways and genes involved in the inheritance and the formation of organelles in a genome-wide setting.
Measuring the Output Gap and Its Influence on the Import Surplus

In this paper, we measure the output gap which is calculated both annually and quarterly for the period 1986-1999, and its influence on the import surplus. Analysis of the output gap's cyclical components - the deviation in private sector labor input and the deviation in productivity and capital utilization – shows that the output gap during the years 1997-1999 reflected both the increase in unemployment and low rates of productivity or capital utilization. The annual data indicate that potential output and actual private sector output grew at an average rate of 6-7 percent during the first half of the 90s. In following years, potential output grew at a more moderate rate of 4-5 percent. The results show a positive relationship between the output gap and the import surplus, which can be explained if we view the output gap as a proxy for surplus demand. Thus, a negative output gap reflects a negative demand surplus which can arise in the short run through a decrease in local demand, as occurred in the slowdown of 1997-1999. This decrease will result in a drop in the relative prices of local products which will, to a certain extent, lead to increased local production and a decrease in the import surplus. This positive relationship is maintained even when taking into account the positive influence of immigration on imports in the regression equation.
Candidates v.s. Noises Estimation for Large Multi-Class Classification Problem

This paper proposes a method for multi-class classification problems, where the number of classes $K$ is large. The method, referred to as {\em Candidates v.s. Noises Estimation} (CANE), selects a small subset of candidate classes and samples the remaining classes. We show that CANE is always consistent and computationally efficient. Moreover, the resulting estimator has low statistical variance approaching that of the maximum likelihood estimator, when the observed label belongs to the selected candidates with high probability. In practice, we use a tree structure with leaves as classes to promote fast beam search for candidate selection. We also apply the CANE method to estimate word probabilities in neural language models. Experiments show that CANE achieves better prediction accuracy over the Noise-Contrastive Estimation (NCE), its variants and a number of the state-of-the-art tree classifiers, while it gains significant speedup compared to the standard $\mathcal{O}(K)$ methods.
Effect of slow desiccation and freezing on gene transcription and stress survival of an Antarctic nematode

SUMMARY Nematodes are the dominant soil animals of the Antarctic Dry Valleys and are capable of surviving desiccation and freezing in an anhydrobiotic state. Genes induced by desiccation stress have been successfully enumerated in nematodes; however, little is known about gene regulation by Antarctic nematodes that can survive multiple types and incidences of environmental stress. In order to reveal the molecular response of anhydrobiotic survival, we investigated the genetic response of an Antarctic nematode, Plectus murrayi, which can survive desiccation and freezing. Using molecular approaches, we provide insight into the regulation of desiccation-induced transcripts during different stages of stress survival under conditions characteristic of the Antarctic Dry Valley environment. Our study revealed that exposure to slow desiccation and freezing plays an important role in the transcription of stress, metabolism and signal transduction-related genes and improves desiccation and freezing survival compared with nematodes exposed to fast desiccation and freezing. Temporal analyses of gene expression showed that pre-exposure to mild stress promotes survival of harsher stress. Our results further show that exposure to slow dehydration not only improves extreme desiccation survival but also promotes enhanced cold tolerance. We also provide evidence that slow dehydration can enhance freeze tolerance in an Antarctic nematode. Expression profiling of P. murrayi transcripts is an important step in understanding the genome-level response of this nematode to different environmental stressors.
Experimental study of DM-to-CM and vice-versa conversion effects in balanced signal and power line filters

Modes conversion parameters like longitudinal conversion loss (LCL) and longitudinal conversion transfer loss (LCTL) are not reflected currently in technical specifications of most EMI filter assemblies and components, which leads to inability to predict correctly actual filter performance. It is proposed to employ balun test method for characterization of the following four important attenuation filter parameters, at least in the frequency band below 100 MHz instead only two employed normally nowadays: DM and CM filter attenuation; LCL(dB) and LCTL(dB).
Public Health Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Climate Change

Background: Climate change affects human health, and health departments are urged to act to reduce the severity of these impacts. Yet little is known about the perspective of public health nurses—the largest component of the public health workforce—regarding their roles in addressing health impacts of climate change. Objectives: We determined the knowledge and attitudes of public health nurses concerning climate change and the role of public health nursing in divisions of health departments in addressing health-related impacts of climate change. Differences by demographic subgroups were explored. Methods: An online survey was distributed to nursing directors of U.S. health departments (n = 786) with Internet staff directories. Results: Respondents (n = 176) were primarily female, white public health nursing administrators with ≥ 5 years of experience. Approximately equal percentages of respondents self-identified as having moderate, conservative, and liberal political views. Most agreed that the earth has experienced climate change and that climate change is somewhat controllable. Respondents identified an average of 5 of the 12 listed health-related impacts of climate change, but the modal response was zero impact. Public health nursing was perceived as having responsibility to address health-related impacts of climate change but lacking the ability to address these impacts. Conclusions: Public health nurses view the environment as under threat and see a role for nursing divisions in addressing health effects of climate change. However, they recognize the limited resources and personnel available to devote to this endeavor.
Structural Change and Economic Growth in China

This study develops a new analytical framework to account for sources of rapid economic growth in China. The traditional Solow approach is expanded to include another source of economic growth-structural change. The empirical results show that structural change has contributed to growth significantly by reallocating resources from low-productivity sectors to high-productivity sectors. It is found that the returns to capital investment in both agricultural production and rural enterprises are much higher than those in urban sectors, indicating underinvestment in rural areas. On the other hand, labor productivity in the agricultural sector remains low, a result of the still large surpluses of labor in the sector. Therefore, further development of rural enterprises and an increase in labor flow among sectors and across regions are key to improvements in overall economic efficiency. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2003.
Cultural learning and the Clovis colonization of North America

The timing of the earliest colonization of North America is debatable, but what is not at issue is the point of origin of the early colonists: Humans entered the continent from Beringia and then made their way south along or near the Pacific Coast and/or through a corridor that ran between the Cordilleran and Laurentide ice sheets in western North America. At some point, they abandoned their Arctic‐based tool complex for one more adapted to an entirely different environment. That new techno‐complex is termed “Clovis”; its dispersal allows us to examine, at a fine scale, how colonization processes played out across a vast continent that at the time had, at best, a very small resident population. Clovis has figured prominently in American archeology since the first Clovis points were identified in eastern New Mexico in the 1930s. However, the successful marriage of learning models grounded in evolutionary theory and modern analytical methods that began roughly a decade ago has begun to pay significant dividends in terms of what we know about the rapid spread of human groups across the last sizable landmass to witness human occupation.
Dopamine D1 Receptor‐Induced Gene Transcription Is Modulated by DARPP‐32

Abstract : The role of the dopamine‐ and cyclic AMP‐regulated phosphoprotein of Mr 32,000 (DARPP‐32) in dopaminergic regulation of gene transcription in striatum and globus pallidus was examined. Mice with targeted disruption of the gene encoding DARPP‐32, its homologue, inhibitor‐1, or both, were used. Pharmacological characterization showed that mutant mice had normal basal levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors and adenosine A2A receptors. Basal expression levels of the striatonigral‐specific neuropeptides substance P and prodynorphin and the immediate early genes c‐fos and NGFI‐A were also unaltered in mutant mice. A full D1 receptor agonist, SKF 82958, up‐regulated the expression of these neuropeptides and immediate early genes significantly more in wild‐type mice than in mice lacking DARPP‐32. Moreover, the additive stimulation of SKF 82958 and quinelorane, a D2 receptor agonist, on c‐fos mRNA in globus pallidus was significantly decreased in DARPP‐32 and DARPP‐32/I‐1 knockout mice. No changes in dopamine receptor‐induced gene expression were found in I‐1 knockout mice. These results demonstrate an important involvement of DARPP‐32 in dopamine receptor‐mediated regulation of gene expression both in striatal neurons, which are enriched in DARPP‐32, and in pallidal neurons, which do not contain DARPP‐32.
The Effects of Organizational Trust on Employee Decision Making Styles

In recent years, many organizations get over different kinds of crisis and generally these are attributed to economic, social or political reasons. But some of them are related to serious problems of trust. Organizations have to provide an environment of trust that allows employees to act with initiative and participate actively in decision making process. Employees who are able to make effective decisions contribute to the success of the organization. The aim of the study is to examine the effects of organizational trust on the style of decision making exhibited by employees in their professional lives. The results indicate that organizational trust has meaningful effects on employee decision making styles. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
A New-Keynesian DSGE Model for Forecasting the South African Economy

This paper develops a New-Keynesian Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (NKDSGE) Model for forecasting the growth rate of output, inflation, and the nominal short-term interest rate (91-days Treasury Bills rate) for the South African economy. The model is estimated via maximum likelihood technique for quarterly data over the period of 1970:1-2000:4. Based on a recursive estimation using the Kalman filter algorithm, the out-of-sample forecasts from the NKDSGE model are then compared with the forecasts generated from the Classical and Bayesian variants of the Vector Autoregression (VAR) models for the period 2001:1-2006:4. The results indicate that in terms of out-of-sample forecasting the NKDSGE model outperforms both the Classical and the Bayesian VARs for inflation, but not for output growth and the nominal short-term interest rate. However, the differences in the RMSEs are not significant across the models.
"“Tigerblood”: Availability Cascades, Social Media, and the Environment of the Entrepreneurship"

Availability cascades are defined as disproportionately large increases in public discourse on certain events or topics which give rise to the ubiquitous use of the availability heuristic, thereby induce biases in decision-making. Empirical investigation into availability cascades in the social sciences is limited, especially in contexts where decisions are made in the face of considerable uncertainty. In this paper, we study the impact of availability cascades originating from two sources, the print and social media, in the context of technology-based entrepreneurship. First, we explore the conditions under which the rise of an availability cascade influences the nascent entrepreneur’s decision to incorporate a firm in the specific technology domain experiencing the cascade. Second, we test the effect of the availability cascade on the time taken for a nascent entrepreneur in the specific technology domain experiencing a cascade to receive first-round funding from a venture capitalist. Our results show t.
Mammography screening and breast cancer mortality in Australia: an aggregate cohort study

Background Evidence that mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality derives from trials, with observational studies broadly supporting trial findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national mammographic screening programme, BreastScreen Australia, using aggregate screening and breast cancer mortality data. Methods Breast cancer mortality from 1990 to 2004 in the whole Australian population was assessed in relation to screening exposure in the target of women aged 50–69 years. Population cohorts were defined by year of screening (and diagnosis), five-year age group at screening (and diagnosis), and local area of residence at screening (and diagnosis). Biennial screening data for BreastScreen Australia were related to cumulated mortality from breast cancer in an event analysis using Poisson regression, and in a time-to-event analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results were adjusted for repeated measures and the potential effects of mammography outside BreastScreen Australia, regionality, and area socio-economic status. Results From the adjusted Poisson regression model, a 22% (95% CI:12–31%) reduction in six-year cumulated mortality from breast cancer was predicted for screening participation of approximately 60%, compared with no screening; 21% (95% CI:11–30%) for the most recently reported screening participation of 56%; and 25% (95% CI:15–35%) for the programme target of 70% biennial screening participation. Corresponding estimates from the Cox proportional hazard regression model were 30% (95% CI:17–41%), 28% (95% CI:16–38%) and 34% (95% CI:20–46%). Conclusions Despite data limitations, the results of this nationwide study are consistent with the trial evidence, and with results of other service studies of mammography screening. With sufficient participation, mammography screening substantially reduces mortality from breast cancer.
Exploring the Niche Overlaps between Organizational Ecology and Industrial Economics

The goal of this essay is to bring the work of organizational ecologists on population dynamics to the attention of economists. Following a relatively brief exposition of the basic structure of the arguments made by organizational ecologists, we explore a number of areas where cross-fertilization between organizational ecology and economics seems promising. These include: examining the limits of competitive exclusion, exploring how models that focus on selection between firms might apply to selection between products, linking models of population dynamics to models which explain changes in market structures over time, and understanding the sources of structural inertia that limit the ability of firms to react to market events. We conclude by making a few observations on what each group of scholars might learn from the other.
GPU-based beamformer: Fast realization of plane wave compounding and synthetic aperture imaging

Although they show potential to improve ultrasound image quality, plane wave (PW) compounding and synthetic aperture (SA) imaging are computationally demanding and are known to be challenging to implement in real-time. In this work, we have developed a novel beamformer architecture with the real-time parallel processing capacity needed to enable fast realization of PW compounding and SA imaging. The beamformer hardware comprises an array of graphics processing units (GPUs) that are hosted within the same computer workstation. Their parallel computational resources are controlled by a pixel-based software processor that includes the operations of analytic signal conversion, delay-and-sum beamforming, and recursive compounding as required to generate images from the channel-domain data samples acquired using PW compounding and SA imaging principles. When using two GTX-480 GPUs for beamforming and one GTX-470 GPU for recursive compounding, the beamformer can compute compounded 512 × 255 pixel PW and SA images at throughputs of over 4700 fps and 3000 fps, respectively, for imaging depths of 5 cm and 15 cm (32 receive channels, 40 MHz sampling rate). Its processing capacity can be further increased if additional GPUs or more advanced models of GPU are used.
[Progress in molecular medicine: "laser capture microdissection"].

BACKGROUND With the unravelling of the human genome, we now face the challenge of defining the function and clinical relevance of single genes. To do this, we should be able to isolate normal and diseased cells from complex tissue structures to make them accessible to sensitive molecular analyses. Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) was developed to meet this challenge. METHOD AND APPLICATION LCM allows the precise dissection of cells with the help of a laser beam under direct visualization in the microscope, and the sterile transfer of these cells into a DNA or RNA isolation buffer. The technique is ideal for investigating cell-cell interactions, for performing mutation analyses, and for the production of high-quality cDNA libraries. Expression studies of known and unknown genes are currently employed successfully to define tissue- and simple cell-specific patterns which help elucidate the etiology and pathogenesis of colon, lung, breast, prostate, adrenal, ovary, and other organ tumors. The LCM system developed at the NIH is, therefore, an important part of the Cancer-Genome Anatomy Project (CGAP), which sequences and publishes the structures of genes that are expressed in human tumors. In combination with the modern cDNA arrays, it will thus be possible to analyze the expression of several thousands of genes in one step and to develop individual therapeutic strategies in the not too distant future. CONCLUSIONS The LCM is a major advance in molecular medicine, enabling us to combine highly-sensitive gene analysis techniques with conventional histologic and morphologic methods. Applications range from research to diagnosis, and to monitoring disease progression.
An examination of measurement methods for valuing heritage assets using a tourism perspective

This study examines the valuation methods for publicly and privately managed heritage assets in Australia. A critical examination of methods exposes the weakness of traditional measurement methods for valuing heritage assets. A major problem is that traditional methods rely on an identifiable cost or an active market as their basis, factors generally absent when valuing heritage assets. In addition, traditional methods do not capture the intrinsic value of heritage assets. This study applies the more innovative non‐traditional measurement methods of Travel Costs and Contingent Valuation. The results suggest that these methods can be more usefully applied to value heritage assets. They are not constrained by the requirements of an identifiable cost or active market and the Contingent Valuation method is capable of capturing total values. The implications of incorporating more than a narrow, purely economic value can be applied to policy makers and management decisions in terms of maintenance and preservation of these heritage assets. The application can also extend current reporting of heritage assets values to include social and environmental aspects in line with the growing movement towards triple bottom line reporting and sustainability.