Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gumboro disease: evaluation of serological and anatomopathological responses in vaccinated broiler chickens challenged with very virulent virus strain

This paper describes the effects of a strong type of vaccine - Moulthrop G603 o and an intermediate-plus type of vaccine - 228E o in meat-type chickens challenged with a very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Blood samples and bursa of Fabricius were taken weekly up to 42 days of age. It was concluded that bursa of Fabricius weight, bursa weight:body weight ratio, body weight and antibody titer evaluated before and after challenge with vvIBDV were not enough to consistently and conclusively differentiate or estimate the protection given by vaccination. Quantitative evaluation of injury intensity and the number of altered lymphoid follicles revealed that Moulthrop G603 caused moderate microscopic lesions in one out of seven birds vaccinated at 14 days of age, while 228E vaccine did not induce IBD-typical microscopic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius. Good protection against bursal microscopic lesions was obtained when a strong type of vaccine was used before challenging with vvIBDV. It was concluded that quantitative evaluation of microscopic lesions might be useful to measure the injury induced by vaccinal IBDV, as well as the level of protection and/or immunosuppression induced by IBDV challenge in vaccinated and non-vaccinated chickens.
Temporary work and health and well-being : a two-way street?

Since the mid-1980s there has been a remarkable growth in the share of temporary workers across the European Union. To date, this employer-initiated trend to become more flexible and cost-effective has resulted in over 25 million European temporary workers. As temporary employment is often not desired by the employee, given the fact that most temporary workers would prefer a permanent appointment, concerns have been raised regarding its impact on workers’ health, well-being and work-related attitudes. In this thesis we focus on two of these concerns: job insecurity and a lower quality of work. Both risk factors stem from the idea that temporary employment is often used as a “peripheral” workforce to surround, and thereby protect organizations “core” workforce of permanent workers. As these latter workers can be expected to own job-specific skills, they are harder to replace, and may therefore be offered higher working standards than the more easily replaceable temporary workers. Consequently, temporary jobs may be less secure and of lower quality than permanent jobs.
Does Investor Attention Affect Stock Prices?

We study the effect of investor attention on stock returns over short horizons (less than a month). For each trading day, we construct portfolios of stocks from companies in the two smallest size quintiles that are likely to attract unusual attention from retail investors. These attention portfolios consist of stocks whose ticker symbols are similar to stocks of large companies in the news (proxied by extreme returns or high trade volumes) on the formation day. Subsequent to the formation, trade activity in attention stocks increases relative to the rest of the stocks in the same size quintile (baseline portfolio). Attention portfolios yield 0.95% -- 3.3% annualized excess return (relative to their corresponding baseline portfolios) in the three weeks following their formation. Our results survive controls for industry effects and are not driven by trading errors of investors confused over ticker symbols.
Plastid Uridine Salvage Activity Is Required for Photoassimilate Allocation and Partitioning in Arabidopsis[C][W]

UKL1 and UKL2 encode redundant plastid isoforms of uridine kinase. Loss of function of either reduces leaf starch and cellulose biosynthesis and enhances lignin biosynthesis. Mutation in UKL1 or UKL2 also affects seed composition, resulting in higher storage protein and lower oil content. We show that plastid uridine salvage activity is important for photoassimilate allocation and partitioning. Nucleotides are synthesized from de novo and salvage pathways. To characterize the uridine salvage pathway, two genes, UKL1 and UKL2, that tentatively encode uridine kinase (UK) and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase (UPRT) bifunctional enzymes were studied in Arabidopsis thaliana. T-DNA insertions in UKL1 and UKL2 reduced transcript expression and increased plant tolerance to toxic analogs 5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorouracil. Enzyme activity assays using purified recombinant proteins indicated that UKL1 and UKL2 have UK but not UPRT activity. Subcellular localization using a C-terminal enhanced yellow fluorescent protein fusion indicated that UKL1 and UKL2 localize to plastids. The ukl2 mutant shows reduced transient leaf starch during the day. External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2. Intermediates for lignin synthesis were upregulated, and there was increased lignin and reduced cellulose content in the ukl2 mutant. Levels of ATP, ADP, ADP-glucose, UTP, UDP, and UDP-glucose were altered in a light-dependent manner. Seed composition of the ukl1 and ukl2 mutants included lower oil and higher protein compared with the wild type. Unlike single gene mutants, the ukl1 ukl2 double mutant has severe developmental defects and reduced biomass accumulation, indicating these enzymes catalyze redundant reactions. These findings point to crucial roles played by uridine salvage for photoassimilate allocation and partitioning.
A Critique of Conventional CSR Theory: An SME Perspective

Over the last couple of decades Small and Medium Sized Enterprises [1] (SMEs) have become more important both numerically and economically, a trend that is set to be maintained. SMEs make up over 90 per cent of businesses worldwide and account for between 50 and 60 per cent of employment [2]. A report by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor shows that Chile, Korea, New Zealand, Uganda and Venezuela are emerging as among the most entrepreneurial countries in the world, and that more than 80 per cent of entrepreneurs throughout the 41 countries studied expect to create new jobs within the next five years [3]. Given the significant scale of small business in nearly every economy, their aggregate achievements have a major effect worldwide. SMEs have multiple roles; they may be seen as innovators (or laggards) in the life-cycle of particular technologies, as a mechanism for privatisation of state-owned enterprises, as a response to global competition, or as a device for economic regeneration [4].
Molecular Characterization of the Obligate Endosymbiont “Caedibacter macronucleorum” Fokin and Görtz, 1993 and of its Host Paramecium duboscqui Strain Ku4‐8

ABSTRACT. Bacterial endosymbionts of protozoa were often described as new species by protozoologists mainly on the basis of few morphological characters and partly by host specificity. Many of these species have never been validated by prokaryotic microbiologists whose taxonomic rules are quite different from those of protozoologists, who use the Zoological Code of Nomenclature. “Caedibacter macronucleorum” Fokin and Görtz 1993 , an endosymbiont of Paramecium duboscqui, belongs to this category. Here we provide the molecular characterization of this organism and of its host P. duboscqui strain Ku4‐8. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis proved that “C. macronucleorum” belongs to the Alphaproteobacteria. It is closely related to Caedibacter caryophilus but not to Caedibacter taeniospiralis, which belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria. “Caedibacter macronucleorum” and C. caryophilus 16S rRNA genes show a similarity value of 99%. This high 16S rRNA sequence similarity and the lack of a specific oligonucleotide probe for distinguishing the two endosymbionts do not allow validating “C. macronucleorum” as a provisional taxon (Candidatus). Nevertheless, “C. macronucleorum” and C. caryophilus can be easily discriminated on the basis of a highly variable stretch of nucleotides that interrupts the 16S rRNA genes of both organisms.
The Price of Being a Billionaire in China: Evidence Based on Hurun Rich List

This paper studies how culture affects economic behavior. We explore the reactions of investors, governments and entrepreneurs to the publication of the Hurun Rich List to study the impact of egalitarianism within Chinese Confucian culture. We find that when the Rich List is announced, investors react negatively to the companies controlled by the listed entrepreneurs and their market values drop significantly in the following three years and the government is reluctant to assist listed entrepreneurs and their companies, and even monitors them more closely. Furthermore, listed entrepreneurs are far more likely to be investigated, arrested and charged than other entrepreneurs. In addition, they tend to conceal profits through negative earnings management to avoid public attention. Finally, we observe that the foregoing negative reactions are more pronounced for firms involved in rent-seeking industries and with lower charitable donations.
Identifying challenges for effective evaluation in nursing education: A qualitative study

Background: Although nursing education in Iran has a positive trend in growth; it is still facing with multifaceted challenges. This study aims to explore the challenges for effective evaluation of nursing education perceived by academic managers. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was performed by using 21 face-to-face, in-depth interviews with academic managers in medical universities and at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. All interviews were recorded digitally, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The main challenges could be categorized under 3 themes, each included 3 subthemes: managerial issues (inefficacy of management, inadequacy of policies and strategies, ineffective evaluation planning); administrative issues (inefficient and affected evaluators, inappropriate implementation, and inefficacy of approaches and tools); and structural issues (inappropriate culture, clinical education complexity, lack of alumni follow-up system). Conclusions: The results emphasize the need for educational evaluation development in nursing, including systematic and regular educational evaluation planning focusing on efficient feedback system and regard to excellence models. The comprehensive educational evaluation requires participation, involvement, and collaboration among the Nursing Board, Nursing ministerial office, faculties of nursing, and Nursing Organization. Thus, it is necessary to better designate current educational evaluation systems, policies, approaches, methods, and procedures.
What does it mean to a Black man in the United States of America

Scarce is the research on the effects of the social and political climates of the Civil Rights era on children of that time. Comparisons are made throughout these writings between that era and the social and political climates that exist today in the United States of America. Specifically, the effects of these climates on Black males are examined across contexts. To better understand the Black male perspective, this body of research contributes to filling the gap of scarce research about older Black men, exploring lived experiences of eight African-American and Black men, 66-78 years of age, through first person interviews. A phenomenological research design and first person interviews allowed the researcher to find themes in the lived experiences of these men. Some of their life experiences (e.g., experiencing racism and disrespect related to being Black men), parallel the research findings throughout the literature review about the life experiences of generations of younger Black males that are coming behind them. Six themes were drawn, from the lived experiences of these men, to answer two research questions that guided the study. Those themes are: 1) personal experience with discrimination, racism or prejudice, 2) the need for strong familial support, 3) the importance of being aware of differences, 4) learning about yourself, 5) giving back to family and community and, 6) views about the need for counseling. From this research, implications are made for counselors, counselor educators and com-
Neural Factors Responsible for Cardiovascular Regulation

• The greatest medical discovery of all time —that of the circulation of the blood—was made by an Englishman, William Harvey, in 1628. It is arguable that Harvey and his pupil, Richard Lower, had a clearer picture in the seventeenth century of the problem of the circulation than have most physiologists today. Both Harvey and Lower (whose thesis "De Corde" written in 1669 was never translated into English but only into French) had a lucid appreciation of venous capacity. Lower introduced the term "venous tone" and extended the views of Harvey in showing how postural effects could profoundly modify the priming of the cardiac pump. Yet another Englishman, Stephen Hales, first measured in 1733 the systemic blood pressure in terms of the height of the column of blood (some eight feet) as registered in a glass tube connected by the windpipe of a goose to the severed femoral artery. Almost a hundred years elapsed before Poiseuille who was then a clinical student, connected the arterial cannula to a mercury manometer ; henceforth the blood pressure was measured in terms of millimeters of mercury. Carl Ludwig" in 1847 first graphically recorded the blood pressure on the kymographion by placing a float and writing point over the mercury. The function of vasomotor nerves, adumbrated by Weber and Stilling although perhaps first demonstrated by Claude Bernard in 1851, was most clearly expressed by Brown-Seguard in Philadelphia in 1852. Claude Bernard, however, made the fundamental observation in 1858 that cervical spinal transection caused a profound fall of arterial blood pressure. Carl Ludwig and Elie de Cyon in 1866 discovered that the stimulation of the central end of the aortic nerve evoked systemic hypotension—a re-
Prenatal exclusion of medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency by direct detection of the mutation with PCR

within a placental tumour can be easily detected (Jauniaux et al., 1991). Demonstration of waveforms with distinct fetal characteristics within a sonographic lesion strongly suggests a chorioangioma, thus excluding hydatidiform changes of triploidy as suspected in the first case reported by Thomas and Blakemore (1990). In selected cases, colour Doppler ultrasonography can be an effective means of prenatal diagnosis and of avoiding invasive procedures.
A design of low-area low drop-out regulator using body bias technique

A Low-area Low Drop-out (LDO) regulator using the body biasing technique is presented. The body biasing technique can decrease the threshold voltage and increase the drain current. The technique is applied to the error amplifier, voltage buffer and pass transistor in the proposed LDO regulator to reduce chip size and provide the proposed LDO regulator with the same performance as the conventional LDO regulator. A pass transistor using the technique can reduce its size by 5.5% at 100mA load condition. The proposed current mirror in the error amplifier and voltage buffer has about 61% smaller area at coterminous performance. The proposed LDO regulator showed about 26% smaller area, not including the bias blocks, while it showed coterminous performance and characteristics.
Examination of the relationship between service quality and user loyalty.

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of using the 25-item REQUAL scale in the context of a small southern YMCA, and to begin to examine the relationship between service quality and activity loyalty. One hundred adult participants in two aquatic programs at a small YMCA were selected for this exploratory study. Participants' loyalty was conceptualized as a two-dimensional construct, comprised of attitudinal and behavioral components. No significant differences were found between loyalty type and importance of the five dimensions of service quality. Similarly, no significant differences were found between the most important dimension (reliability) and the least important dimension (assurance) and type of user loyalty. Results of the analyses of variance showed that there were significant differences between participant loyalty and gaps in three service quality dimensions (reliability, assurance and responsiveness). Implications for service quality marketing are discussed.
Tax Policy and the Dynamic Demand for Domestic and Foreign Capital by Multinational Corporations

The extent to which domestic and foreign operations of multinational corporations (MNCs) are related has important implications for the analysis of investment demand and its responsiveness to tax policy. We estimate the structural parameters of a model in which domestic and foreign investment interact in two important ways. First, the MNC's production technology allows the marginal products of domestic and foreign capital to be interdependent. Second, the marginal adjustment costs of investment in one locaton may be affected by investment in other locations. We estimate the model using firm-level panel data from Canadian MNCs that invest solely in the United States. Our estimtes support the view that production and adjustment cost technologies are related. We find that domestic and foreign capital are greater than unit elastic substitutes and that investment in one location lowers the marginal adjustment cost of investment in the other location. We use our parameter estimates to simulate the effect of various tax policies on the growth of parent and affiliate capital stocks. The simulations demonstrate that allowing for interdependent capital demand across locations has important implications for the analysis of tax policy towards MNCs.
Design and implementation of cooling system for focal plane assembly of observation camera in astronomical satellite

In order to observe dim astronomical objects, the imaging sensor of the Astronomical Observation Camera (AOC) in the satellite needs to work at −65°C to suppress its dark current noise. To achieve the low temperature environment, a cooling system on Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) was designed. The cooling system adopted a Single Chip Microprocessor as its control computing platform and its software used self-adaptive digital PID control algorithm was developed. The data of the real-time temperatures, captured by the acquiring circuits from the temperature sensors which were mounted at the back surface of the imaging sensor, were used to be the input of the self-adaptive digital PID control algorithm, and the output calculated by the algorithm was applied to adjusted the control current of the driver circuit for the TEC, and then the temperature of Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) was cooled down or warmed up to satisfy the working requirements. Experimental results show that the designed system can control the temperature gradient of the FPA less than 1°C and reach its normal working temperature −65°C quickly. Its control accuracy is ±2°C. The practical experiment results displayed the imaging performance of the FPA was stable and the designed cooling system suppressed the dark current noise effectively to get high Signal-to-Noise Ratio images, and the designed cooling system worked stable.
Genetic regulation of nitrate assimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al

We isolated Mu dI1734 insertion mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae that were unable to assimilate nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source during aerobic growth (Nas- phenotype). The mutants were not altered in respiratory (anaerobic) nitrate and nitrite reduction or in general nitrogen control. The mutations were linked and thus defined a single locus (nas) containing genes required for nitrate assimilation. beta-Galactosidase synthesis in nas+/phi(nas-lacZ) merodiploid strains was induced by nitrate or nitrite and was inhibited by exogenous ammonia or by anaerobiosis. beta-Galactosidase synthesis in phi(nas-lacZ) haploid (Nas-) strains was nearly constitutive during nitrogen-limited aerobic growth and uninducible during anaerobic growth. A general nitrogen control regulatory mutation (ntrB4) allowed nitrate induction of phi(nas-lacZ) expression during anaerobic growth. This and other results suggest that the apparent anaerobic inhibition of phi(nas-lacZ) expression was due to general nitrogen control, exerted in response to ammonia generated by anaerobic (respiratory) nitrate reduction.
Positive-Unlabeled Learning in Streaming Networks

Data of many problems in real-world systems such as link prediction and one-class recommendation share common characteristics. First, data are in the form of positive unlabeled (PU) measurements (e.g. Twitter "following", Facebook "like", etc.) that do not provide negative information, which can be naturally represented as networks. Second, in the era of big data, such data are generated temporally-ordered, continuously and rapidly, which determines its streaming nature. These common characteristics allow us to unify many problems into a novel framework -- PU learning in streaming networks. In this paper, a principled probabilistic approach SPU is proposed to leverage the characteristics of the streaming PU inputs. In particular, SPU captures temporal dynamics and provides real-time adaptations and predictions by identifying the potential negative signals concealed in unlabeled data. Our empirical results on various real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework over other state-of-the-art methods in both link prediction and recommendation.