Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
More or different metaphors in fiction? A quantitative cross-register comparison

This article presents a quantitative cross-register comparison of the forms and frequency of linguistic metaphor in fiction based on a 45,000-word annotated corpus containing excerpts from 12 contemporary British-English novels sampled from the British National Corpus. The results for fiction are compared to those for three other registers, namely news texts, academic discourse and conversations. The linguistic manifestations of metaphor in the corpus were identified using the MIPVU procedure (Steen et al., 2010), a revised and extended version of the original Metaphor Identification Procedure, or MIP, as developed by the Pragglejaz Group (2007). Contrary to common expectations, fiction was not the register with the highest number of metaphors, but was situated in between academic discourse and news on the one hand, and conversation on the other. However, it turned out that metaphor signals and direct expressions of metaphor (e.g. simile) were typical of fiction, as has been claimed in the literature (e.g. Goatly, 1997; Lodge, 1977; Sayce, 1953). Based on these quantitative findings, this article will show that fiction does not contain more metaphors than the other registers, but rather, different ones.
Fin Shape Impact on FinFET Leakage With Application to Multithreshold and Ultralow-Leakage FinFET Design

FinFETs have emerged as the solution to short channel effects at the 22-nm technology node and beyond. Previously, there have been few studies on the impact of fin cross section shape on transistor leakage. We show for the first time that fin shape significantly impacts transistor leakage in bulk tri-gate nFinFETs with thin fins when the fin body doping profile is optimized to minimize leakage. We show that a triangular fin reduces leakage current by 70% over a rectangular fin with the same base fin width. We describe how fin shape can be used to implement multithreshold nFinFETs without increasing chip area consumption. We also describe how by combining triangular fins with existing gate-source/drain underlap multithreshold techniques, it is possible to design ultralow-power nFinFETs with less than 1 pA/μm leakage current while maintaining high performing ION/IOFF, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing.
An Incentive-Aligned Mechanism for Conjoint Analysis

This article specifies, analyzes, and validates a rigorous and practical truth-telling mechanism (game) for conjoint applications. The mechanism requires only one real product variation and has truth telling in conjoint as its Bayesian Nash equilibrium, thus making it possible to incentive align participants in most conjoint applications. Using the iPod package as the context, the author shows empirically that the mechanism substantially improves purchase prediction compared with a standard conjoint procedure.
Sosyal Yenilikçilik: Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması

Ozellikle 1990’dan sonra bilimsel calismalarin yogunlastigi sosyal yenilikcilik kavrami insanlarin hayat standartlarini ve refahlarini yukseltebilmek, daha once karsilanmamis ihtiyaclara cozum onerileri ya da yeni fikirler sunabilmek olarak tanimlanmaktadir. Bu calismanin amaci, Turk kulturune uygun, birey duzeyinde gecerli ve guvenilir bir sosyal yenilikcilik olceginin gelistirilerek ozellikle Yonetim yazinina kazandirilmasidir. Bu dogrultuda, anket yonteminin kullanildigi, farkli cografi ve sosyo-ekonomik bolgelerden universitelerin farkli fakultelerinden son sinif ogrencilerinin katildigi bir saha calismasi tasarlanmistir. Yapilan analizler sonucu tek boyutlu, sekiz maddeden olusan gecerli ve guvenilir bireysel sosyal yenilikcilik egilimini olcen bir olcek gelistirilmistir.
Continuously maintaining quantile summaries of the most recent N elements over a data stream

Statistics over the most recently observed data elements are often required in applications involving data streams, such as intrusion detection in network monitoring, stock price prediction in financial markets, Web log mining for access prediction, and user click stream mining for personalization. Among various statistics, computing quantile summary is probably most challenging because of its complexity. We study the problem of continuously maintaining quantile summary of the most recently observed N elements over a stream so that quantile queries can be answered with a guaranteed precision of /spl epsiv/N. We developed a space efficient algorithm for predefined N that requires only one scan of the input data stream and O(log(/spl epsiv//sup 2/N)//spl epsiv/+1//spl epsiv//sup 2/) space in the worst cases. We also developed an algorithm that maintains quantile summaries for most recent N elements so that quantile queries on any most recent n elements (n /spl les/ N) can be answered with a guaranteed precision of /spl epsiv/n. The worst case space requirement for this algorithm is only O(log/sup 2/(/spl epsiv/N)//spl epsiv//sup 2/). Our performance study indicated that not only the actual quantile estimation error is far below the guaranteed precision but the space requirement is also much less than the given theoretical bound.
Adaptive and discriminative modeling for improved mispronunciation detection

In the context of computer-aided language learning, automatic detection of specific phone mispronunciations by nonnative speakers can be used to provide detailed feedback about specific pronunciation problems. In previous work we found that significant improvements could be achieved, compared to standard approaches that compute posteriors with respect to native models, by explicitly modeling both mispronunciations and correct pronunciations by nonnative speakers. In this work, we extend our approach with the use of model adaptation and discriminative modeling techniques, inspired on methods that have been effective in the area of speaker identification. Two systems were developed, one based on Bayesian adaptation of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and likelihood-ratio-based detection, and another one based on Support Vector Machines classification of supervectors derived from adapted GMMs. Both systems, and their combination, were evaluated in a phonetically transcribed Spanish database of 130,000 phones uttered in continuous speech sentences by 206 nonnative speakers, showing significant improvements from our previous best system.
CyberForce Haptic Device: Kinematics and Manipulability

The position and differential kinematics, for a haptic device, represent the mathematical model that describes the behavior and evolution of its spatial geometry. Contributions in a Human-Robot Physical Interaction system, are: i) operational cartesian motion planning and verification of performance on tasks of passive haptic guidance, ii) torque / force relationship through the analytical Jacobian matrix with purposes in active haptic exploration, iii) the kinematic manipulability analysis in real-time and re-planning paths. In this paper obtaining the position and differential kinematics as well as simulation and experimental validations, for a CyberForce haptic device in its position kinematics chain.
Managing the Stress Response: The Use of Biofeedback and Neurofeedback with Olympic Athletes

Excessive stress and tension are major threats to optimal athletic performance. The goal of this project was to help the athletes optimize the management of their stress response through self-awareness and self-regulation of the activation levels of their autonomic and central nervous systems. Fifteen elite athletes preparing for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics underwent an EEG and psychophysiological stress assessment, as well as a bio–neurofeedback (BNFK) training intervention. Both athletes and coaches reported that the bio–neurofeedback intervention helped the athletes in managing the stress of training and competition and was a factor in producing better performances.
Very High Energy Neutrinos Originating from Kaons in Gamma-Ray Bursts

We simulate neutrino production in a gamma-ray burst (GRB) with the most detailed method to date. We show that the highest energy neutrinos from GRBs mainly come from kaons. Although there is little chance to detect such neutrinos, attempts of detection are very important to prove physical conditions in GRBs.
Detection of enteric viruses in oysters by using the polymerase chain reaction

A procedure for the detection of enteric viral nucleic acid in oysters by the polymerase chain reaction was developed. Known quantities of poliovirus type 1 were seeded into oysters. Virus was extracted and concentrated by using organic flocculation and polyethylene glycol precipitation. Inhibitors of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were present in the oyster extracts, preventing amplification of target viral nucleic acid. The use of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation sufficiently removed inhibitors to allow detection of as few as 10 PFU of poliovirus. Norwalk virus also could be detected after being seeded into oysters. This methodology may be useful for the detection of these and other shellfish-borne viral pathogens.
AND/OR Branch-and-Bound for Graphical Models

The paper presents and evaluates the power of a new framework for optimization in graphical models, based on AND/OR search spaces. The virtue of the AND/OR representation of the search space is that its size may be far smaller than that of a traditional OR representation. We develop our work on Constraint Optimization Problems (COP) and introduce a new generation of depth-first Branch-and-Bound algorithms that explore an AND/OR search space and use static and dynamic mini-bucket heuristics to guide the search. We focus on two optimization problems, solvingWeighted CSPs (WCSP) and finding theMost Probable Explanation (MPE) in belief networks. We show that the new AND/OR approach improves considerably over the classic OR space, on a variety of benchmarks including random and real-world problems. We also demonstrate the impact of different lower bounding heuristics on Branch-and-Bound exploring AND/OR spaces.
Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata strains isolated from intensive care unit patients in Poland

Over the last decades, Candida spp have been responsible for an increasing number of infections, especially in patients requiring intensive care. Knowledge of local epidemiology and analysis of the spread of these pathogens is important in understanding and controlling their transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 31 Candida albicans and 17 Candida glabrata isolates recovered from intensive care unit patients from the tertiary hospital in Krakow between 2011-2012. The strains were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction using five primers (CD16AS, HP1247, ERIC-2, OPE-3 and OPE-18). The results of the present investigation revealed a high degree of genetic diversity among the isolates. No clonal relationship was found among the C. albicans strains, whereas two C. glabrata isolates were identical. The source of Candida infection appeared to be mostly endogenous; however, the presence of two clonal C. glabrata strains suggested the possibility of cross-transmission of these pathogens. Our study confirmed the high discriminatory power of the RAPD technique in the molecular typing of Candida clinical isolates. This method may be applied to the evaluation of transmission routes of pathogenic fungi on a local level.
Inertial sensor based recognition of 3-D character gestures with an ensemble classifiers

We present a 3-D input medium based on inertial sensors for on-line character recognition and an ensemble classification scheme for the recognition task. The system allows user to write a character in the air as a gesture, with a sensor-embedded device held in hand. The kinds of sensors used are 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope generating acceleration and angular velocity signals respectively. For character recognition, we used the technique of FDA (Fisher discriminant analysis). We tried different combinations of sensor signals to test the recognition performance. It is also possible to estimate a 2-D handwriting trajectory from the sensor signals. The best recognition rate of 93.23%, in case we use only raw sensor signals, was attained when all 6 sensor signals were combined. The recognition rate of 92.22% was reached if the estimated trajectory was used as input. Finally we tested the ensemble method and the generalization rate of 95.04% was attained on the ensemble recognizer consisting of 3 FDA recognizers based on acceleration-only, angular-velocity-only and handwriting trajectory respectively.
Identification of Mutations in the PRDM5 Gene in Brittle Cornea Syndrome

Background: Brittle cornea syndrome (BCS) is a rare autosomal recessive connective tissue disease characterized by variable combinations of corneal thinning and fragility, corneal ruptures either spontaneously or after minor trauma, blue sclerae, keratoconus, keratoglobus, and high myopia. So far, mutations in 2 genes, PRDM5 and ZNF469, have been associated with BCS. The purpose of this study is to describe novel mutations in the PRDM5 gene in patients with BCS. Methods and Results: Using homozygosity mapping with single-nucleotide polymorphism markers followed by whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel homozygous splice site variant (c.93+5G>A) in the PRDM5 gene in a consanguineous Pakistani family with 4 affected individuals. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis from lymphocyte-derived RNA failed to reveal any exon skipping because of this splice site variant. A homozygous variant (c.11T>G; p.Gln4Pro) in SEC24D also segregated with the disease in this particular family. One previously known mutation (c.974del; p.Cys325LeufsX2) was identified in a sporadic patient with BCS from Serbia. Conclusions: The current study revealed a novel mutation in the PRDM5 gene in a BCS family and recurrent mutation in a sporadic BCS patient. A variant in the SEC24D gene also segregated in the BCS family, although its role in the disease remains unclear.
Kernel(s) for problems with no kernel: On out-trees with many leaves

The k-Leaf Out-Branching problem is to find an out-branching, that is a rooted oriented spanning tree, with at least k leaves in a given digraph. The problem has recently received much attention from the viewpoint of parameterized algorithms. Here, we take a kernelization based approach to the k-Leaf-Out-Branching problem. We give the first polynomial kernel for Rooted k-Leaf-Out-Branching, a variant of k-Leaf-Out-Branching where the root of the tree searched for is also a part of the input. Our kernel with O(k3) vertices is obtained using extremal combinatorics. For the k-Leaf-Out-Branching problem, we show that no polynomial-sized kernel is possible unless coNP is in NP/poly. However, our positive results for Rooted k-Leaf-Out-Branching immediately imply that the seemingly intractable k-Leaf-Out-Branching problem admits a data reduction to n independent polynomial-sized kernels. These two results, tractability and intractability side by side, are the first ones separating Karp kernelization from Turing kernelization. This answers affirmatively an open problem regarding “cheat kernelization” raised by Mike Fellows and Jiong Guo independently.
Creating 3rd generation web APIs with hydra

In this paper we describe a novel approach to build hypermedia-driven Web APIs based on Linked Data technologies such as JSON-LD. We also present the result of implementing a first prototype featuring both a RESTful Web API and a generic API client. To the best of our knowledge, no comparable integrated system to develop Linked Data-based APIs exists.
RVP: A New Policy for Aggregate Reservation

Reservation aggregation provides scalability to the IETF integrated services (IntServ) by reducing the high number of states stored at internal routers and the number of signalling messages processed at these routers. However, the latter benefit will be lost if the bandwidth of aggregate reservation changes frequently. Hence, previous works either hold resource requests during a waiting period before sending a single aggregate reservation for all received requests, or reserve maximum resources which will be requested in the following period. However these works involve an assumption of arrival distribution of resource requests. In this paper, we design a policy for enhancing the reservation aggregation performance, which is independent of arrival distribution. From the results of simulation, we observe that this policy outperforms other policies.
A pilot study on a knowledge-based case library to support suicide risk assessment

This article describes the system development processes for an electronic case library, built to facilitate and support the suicide prevention service provided by a social service organization in Hong Kong. It is a knowledge management system in which both ‘rule-based reasoning’ (RBR) and ‘case-based reasoning’ (CBR) are adopted. Initial test results, potentials and limitations of this knowledge management approach are discussed.
InterProScan - an integration platform for the signature-recognition methods in InterPro

UNLABELLED InterProScan is a tool that scans given protein sequences against the protein signatures of the InterPro member databases, currently--PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam, ProDom and SMART. The number of signature databases and their associated scanning tools as well as the further refinement procedures make the problem complex. InterProScan is designed to be a scalable and extensible system with a robust internal architecture. AVAILABILITY The Perl-based InterProScan implementation is available from the EBI ftp server (ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/software/unix/iprscan/) and the SRS-basedInterProScan is available upon request. We provide the public web interface (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/scan.html) as well as email submission server (interproscan@ebi.ac.uk).
A millimeter-wave patch-fed slot antenna with air cavity

In this paper, a patch-fed slot antenna with air cavity is proposed in millimeter-wave band. The antenna is manufactured by using the silicon micromachining technology which is utilized to designed air cavity structure and mitigate dielectric loss in the millimeter-wave band. However, this technique is based on silicon processing, the large permittivity difference between the air (εr = 1) and silicon (εr = 11.9) would contribute to the mismatch issue. In this paper, a patch structure is utilized to excite the air cavity and broaden impedance width. The numerical results of the proposed antenna show that the impedance bandwidth is from 55.5 GHz to 62.6 GHz, and the simulated gain is 7.55 dBi at 60 GHz.
‘Sounds good to me’: Canadian children's perceptions of popular music

This cross-sectional study explored the role of age and socioeconomic status (SES) in relation to children's popular musical preferences. As part of a larger, multi-method, longitudinal study on children's and adolescents’ self-views and media preference, the present study investigated the popular music section of a self-report questionnaire. Data was gathered in four Canadian schools (two mid-low SES, two mid-high SES), and completed by 168 school-aged children from Grades 1, 4 and 6, with an approximately equal number of girls and boys in each grade. Results suggest that music is important to children, and that across ages and socioeconomic status, the majority of children shared common preferences concerning popular music types, the most common being pop and rock, followed by hip-hop and rap. In response to questions regarding their interpretation of favorite songs, children's rationale reflected their developmental level of understanding. Results are discussed in terms of educational and clinical programs that promote critical media literacy.
A Geometric Description of Equivariant K-Homology for Proper Actions

L etG be a discrete group and let X be a G-finite, proper G-CW-complex. We prove that Kasparov's equivariant K-homology groups KK G (C0(X),C) are isomor- phic to the geometric equivariant K-homology groups of X that are obtained by making the geometric K-homology theory of Baum and Douglas equivariant in the natural way. This reconciles the original and current formulations of the Baum-Connes conjecture for discrete groups.
Lung and thorax development during adolescence: relationship with pubertal status

The aim of the present study was to define reference values for lung volumes and the lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TL,CO) for an adolescent population using thoracic volume index (TVI) and an index of pubertal stage in order to account for the variation in growth pattern between adolescents. TVI, pubertal stage by Tanner scale (PST), time since menarche, functional residual capacity measured using the heliumdilution technique, vital capacity, total lung capacity and TL,CO measured using a steadystate method were determined in 51 males (aged 13–20 yrs; PST T3–T5) and 52 females (aged 13–18 yrs; PST T2–T4; all but three had already undergone menarche). In male adolescents, height, weight, TVI, lung volumes and TL,CO increased with age. This was not the case in female adolescents. In males, the TVI was the independent variable that best correlated with pulmonary volumes. In females, height was the independent variable that best correlated with pulmonary volumes. In both sexes, the variable that best correlated with TL,CO was PST, associated with height in males. This crosssectional study provides prediction equations for lung volumes and the lung transfer factor for carbon monoxide taking into account thoracic volume index and pubertal stage. It shows that, in adolescent males, lung and thoracic development occurs during and until the end of puberty. Conversely, in adolescent females, lung development is almost finished following menarche.
Cued Activation of Relational Schemas: Self-Evaluation and Gender Effects

Deux etudes examinent les reponses, fournies sous forme d'auto-evaluation, par des hommes et des femmes apres la presentation d'indices de rejet et d'acceptation. On a utilise deux procedures differentes de controle des conditions, pour associer les signaux sonores produits crees par ordinateur et les images de rejet social ou d'acceptation sociale. Lorsque les signaux sonores etaient presentes a la fin d'une situation a auto-evaluer, les femmes avaient tendance a repondre aux indices de rejet en devenant plus autocritiques et aux indices d'acceptation en devenant moins autocritiques. En ce qui concerne certains indicateurs, les hommes ont reagi de la maniere opposee. Les conclusions sont abordees a la lumiere des recentes analyses des differences entre les sexes en ce qui a trait aux origines de l'estime de soi.
A Survey of Automatic Urdu Language Processing

Most of the research in last few decades has focused on automatic natural language processing (NLP) in English, European and East Asian languages. But unfortunately South Asian languages especially Urdu have received less attention. In this paper we present a survey regarding classification of Urdu language. The main goal of this survey is to present briefly about the material available on Urdu NLP, with the aim to also allow researchers to develop new techniques. So this survey contains the initial attempts in the development of Urdu language. First we give brief description about Urdu language and its written system. Secondly, we introduce Urdu language corpus. Then we compare this corpus to other East Asian languages and discuss which type of problems one has to face while building Urdu corpus. Thirdly, we summarize different linguistic analysis of domain: part-of-speech tagging, parsing and named entity recognition. Overall goal of this paper is to provide a structure which would provide the foundation for future research Urdu language processing techniques