Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sparse Regularization-Based Reconstruction for Bioluminescence Tomography Using a Multilevel Adaptive Finite Element Method

Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising tool for studying physiological and pathological processes at cellular and molecular levels. In most clinical or preclinical practices, fine discretization is needed for recovering sources with acceptable resolution when solving BLT with finite element method (FEM). Nevertheless, uniformly fine meshes would cause large dataset and overfine meshes might aggravate the ill-posedness of BLT. Additionally, accurately quantitative information of density and power has not been simultaneously obtained so far. In this paper, we present a novel multilevel sparse reconstruction method based on adaptive FEM framework. In this method, permissible source region gradually reduces with adaptive local mesh refinement. By using sparse reconstruction with l 1 regularization on multilevel adaptive meshes, simultaneous recovery of density and power as well as accurate source location can be achieved. Experimental results for heterogeneous phantom and mouse atlas model demonstrate its effectiveness and potentiality in the application of quantitative BLT.
Compressible subsonic flow on a staggered grid

This work focuses on numerically modelling the dynamics of a single phase fluid at varying densities and pressures. We explore the potential of incompressible flow simulation methods in modelling compressible flow, with an eye towards computer animation applications. The methods developed capture the interesting thermodynamic effects of compressible flow, and reduce to the standard Marker and Cell incompressible flow Poisson matrix in the incompressible limit. The method works well in modelling flows in the subsonic range that normal incompressible techniques do not capture and where compressible methods are inefficient. We have also investigated adapting these techniques to granular elastic-plastic flow.
Comparison of linear measurements between CBCT orthogonally synthesized cephalograms and conventional cephalograms.

OBJECTIVES The purposes of the study are to investigate the consistency of linear measurements between CBCT orthogonally synthesized cephalograms and conventional cephalograms and to evaluate the influence of different magnifications on these comparisons based on a simulation algorithm. METHODS Conventional cephalograms and CBCT scans were taken on 12 dry skulls with spherical metal markers. Orthogonally synthesized cephalograms were created from CBCT data. Linear parameters on both cephalograms were measured via Photoshop CS v. 5.0 (Adobe(®) Systems, San Jose, CA), named measurement group (MG). Bland-Altman analysis was utilized to assess the agreement of two imaging modalities. Reproducibility was investigated using paired t-test. By a specific mathematical programme "cepha", corresponding linear parameters [mandibular corpus length (Go-Me), mandibular ramus length (Co-Go), posterior facial height (Go-S)] on these two types of cephalograms were calculated, named simulation group (SG). Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement between MG and SG. Simulated linear measurements with varying magnifications were generated based on "cepha" as well. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the agreement of simulated measurements between two modalities. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis suggested the agreement between measurements on conventional cephalograms and orthogonally synthesized cephalograms, with a mean bias of 0.47 mm. Comparison between MG and SG showed that the difference did not reach clinical significance. The consistency between simulated measurements of both modalities with four different magnifications was demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS Normative data of conventional cephalograms could be used for CBCT orthogonally synthesized cephalograms during this transitional period.
Analysis of AQM queues with queue size based packet dropping

Analysis of AQM queues with queue size based packet dropping Queueing systems in which an arriving job is blocked and lost with a probability that depends on the queue size are studied. The study is motivated by the popularity of Active Queue Management (AQM) algorithms proposed for packet queueing in Internet routers. AQM algorithms often exploit the idea of queue-size based packet dropping. The main results include analytical solutions for queue size distribution, loss ratio and throughput. The analytical results are illustrated via numerical examples that include some commonly used blocking probabilities (dropping functions).
Competition among Trading Venues: Information and Trading on Electronic Communications Networks

This paper explores the competition between two trading venues, Electronic Communication Networks (ECNs) and Nasdaq market makers. ECNs offer the advantages of anonymity and speed of execution, which attract informed traders. Thus, trades are more likely to occur on ECNs when information asymmetry is greater and when trading volume and stock-return volatility are high. ECN trades have greater permanent price impacts and more private information is revealed through ECN trades than though market-maker trades. However, ECN trades have higher ex ante trading costs because market makers can preference or internalize the less informed trades and offer them better executions. Copyright 2003 by the American Finance Association.
Applications of DSTATCOM Using MATLAB/Simulation in Power System

D-STATCOM (Distribution Static Compensator) is a shunt device which is generally used to solve power quality problems in distribution systems. D-STATCOM is a shunt device used in correcting power factor, maintaining constant distribution voltage and mitigating harmonics in a distribution network. D-STATCOM is used for Grid Connected Power System, for Voltage Fluctuation, for Wind Power Smoothening and Hydrogen Generation etc. This paper D-STATCOM is used in Marine Power System for Power Quality Improvement. Relevant solutions which applied nowadays to improve power quality of electric network according to the five aspects of power quality- harmonics, fluctuation and flick of voltage, Voltage deviation, unbalance of 3-phase voltage and current frequency deviation. Simulation is done using Sim Power Systems of MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposed global system. The measurement system containing two main parts: - Hardware part and the virtual part- software (Recording, Processing, Graphical interfacing). In this paper we are concluding the result of software parts only. The performance of the proposed DSTATCOM system is validated through simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Power System Blockset (PSB) toolboxes.
Learning together in practice: an interprofessional education programme to appreciate teamwork

Background: The paper reports on the first 100 students who completed ward‐based interprofessional learning using the Leicester Model of Interprofessional Education. Pre‐registration health and social care students were placed in small groups (n = 2–5) to learn together on a care of the elderly ward. The students cared for one in‐patient to analyse the care package and the contributions of all members of the ward clinical team. At the end of the week the student team presented their patient case to the ward team offering solutions to problems in an interactive feedback session.
Judging the grade: exploring the judgement processes involved in examination grading decisions

Abstract Examiners' grading judgements are central to the maintenance of examination standards. This research investigated the judgement processes underpinning examination grading. Operating under a think aloud protocol, six examiners conducted a grading exercise for each of two geography A level examinations. They also ‘thought aloud’ whilst marking some exam scripts to provide comparison and were interviewed about their grading judgements. Transcribed audio-recordings were coded and analysis identified the behaviours involved in the process of script scrutiny for grading. Unsurprisingly, many behaviours were much less frequent in grading than in marking although there were some exceptions. For example, examiners compared student work with previously seen work just as frequently during grading as during marking. Additional analysis of the exam questions attended to during script scrutiny found that novice graders were more strongly guided than experienced graders by advice on which questions to focus on. These findings further our understanding of this important process in assessment.
smartHTTP: Improving rural mobile user experience

Mobile Internet connectivity in Indian rural areas is fragile and unreliable, thus needs continuous reattempt to successful data transmission, which becomes agitating and frustrating, and is quite expensive. The existing economical, engineering and infrastructural challenges act as deterrents in building enriching rural mobile-based user experiences. Consequently, significant societal adoption of mobile-based ICT4D systems is severely impaired. This paper describes an adaptive and smart mechanism - smartHTTP - for transmitting data over a weak network. Data analysis shows that smartHTTP performs better than HTTP in intermittent network conditions.
Cytokine and chemokine gene expression after primary and secondary respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats.

The induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines was studied in the lungs of cotton rats after primary or secondary infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Increases in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of all genes analyzed were observed during the course of primary infection. In general, mRNA expression peaked between postinfection days 1 and 4 and returned to near-normal levels by day 10. During secondary infection, the expression of some genes (i.e., interferon [IFN]-gamma and interleukin [IL]-10) began earlier, some (i.e., IL-1beta and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta) began later, and some (i.e., IL-1beta, IL-10, growth-regulated protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) showed prolonged expression, whereas 2 genes (i.e., IFN-alpha and IL-6) were not expressed. This study presents evidence of different kinetics of expression of inflammatory mediators during primary and secondary infection that likely coincide with innate and adaptive immune response and complement previous observations that emphasize the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of RSV disease.
The Logical Framework Approach to Project Design and Management

The aim of this paper is to introduce the Logical Framework (LogFrame) approach to project design and management to mainstream planners, evaluators, and project managers and discuss some general lessons learned from LogFrame use in international agencies. I then argue that innovations in program evaluation practice, emphasizing practical evaluations designed to improve programs (Patton, 1986, 1982) combined with the new PC/LogFRAME computer software package and appropriate training, give the LogFrame approach excellent potential to improve project management and impact in public and nonprofit agencies, foundations, and corporations. The Logical Framework was initially developed for the U.S. Agency for Intemational Development (USAID) in 1970 as an evaluation tool to help increase accountability to Congress. In 1971 USAID undertook a worldwide effort to train its field staff on the Logical Framework Approach. By the late 1970s the training effort had lost momentum and use of the LogFrame languished. By the late 1980s with new calls for accountability, USAID had renewed its interest and training in this approach. A number of other multilateral and bilateral agencies currently use the LogFrame including the United Nations Development Program (UNDP); the official German, English, Irish, Belgian, Norwegian, and Canadian aid agencies; the Asian and African Development Banks; and a number of voluntary organizations. A related article (Sartorius, 1991) describes an organizational development strategy to install the LogFrame approach at the African Development Bank.
A resilient key predistribution scheme for multiphase wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, sensor nodes eventually die due to battery depletion. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in which new nodes are periodically redeployed with certain intervals, called generations, to replace the dead nodes are called multi-phase wireless sensor networks. In the literature, there are several key predistribution schemes proposed for secure operation of WSNs. However, these schemes are designed for single phase networks which are not resilient against continuous node capture attacks; even under temporary attacks on the network, the harm caused by the attacker does not heal in time. However, the periodic deployments in multi-phase sensor networks could be utilized to improve the resiliency of the WSNs by deploying nodes with fresh keys. In the literature, there is limited work done in this area. In this paper, we propose a key predistribution scheme for multi-phase wireless sensor networks which is highly resilient under node capture attacks. In our scheme, called RGM (Random Generation Material) key predistribution scheme, each generation of deployment has its own random keying material and pairwise keys are established between node pairs of particular generations. These keys are specific to these generations. Therefore, a captured node cannot be abused to obtain keys of other generations. We compare the performance of our RGM scheme with a well-known multi-phase key predistribution scheme and showed that RGM achieves up to three-fold more resiliency. Even under heavy attacks, our scheme's resiliency performance is 50% better in steady state.
The combined algorithm of venous ulcer therapy.

AIM This prospective study was undertaken to find a new combined algorithm to help patients suffering from long-term chronic non-healing venous ulcers. METHODS A total number of 20 patients suffering from chronic venous ulcers and important co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus or cardiac failure and not responding to other therapeutic modalities were treated at our surgical department with a combination of compressive sclerotherapy, and maggot debridement therapy (MDT) using larvae of green blowfly Lucilia sericata. RESULTS Using the combined therapy we have achieved a significant clinical effect in 19 patients (95 %). In 1 patient, this effect was only impermanent while 5 patients (25 %) were completely cured. Eleven patients (55 %) benefited despite incomplete healing of the ulcer. With three of our patients we have lost contact. CONCLUSIONS Even though the number of patients in our study is not large, we have achieved remarkable results with the combined algorithm of venous ulcer therapy. We start the healing process with compressive sclerotherapy and when this kind of therapy does not bring about the expected effect, we continue with Maggot debridement therapy. This combination of therapeutic modalities appears to be very effective and efficient (Fig. 2, Ref. 16).
ANALYSIS OF VITAL SIGNS MONITORING USING AN IR-UWB RADAR

Ultra-wide Band (UWB) technology is a new, useful and safe technology in the fleld of wireless body networks. This paper focuses on the feasibility of estimating vital signs | speciflcally breathing rate and heartbeat frequency | from the spectrum of recorded waveforms, using an impulse-radio (IR) UWB radar. To this end, an analytical model is developed to perform and interpret the spectral analysis. Both the harmonics and the intermodulation between respiration and heart signals are addressed. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate how they afiect the detection of vital signs and also to analyze the in∞uence of the pulse waveform. A fllter to cancel out breathing harmonics is also proposed to improve heart rate detection. The results of the experiments are presented under difierent scenarios which demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed technique for determining respiration and heartbeat rates. It has been shown that an IR-UWB radar can meet the requirements of typical biomedical applications such as non-invasive heart and respiration rate monitoring.
The Scene Time Interval and Basic Life Support Termination of Resuscitation Rule in Adult Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

We validated the basic life support termination of resuscitation (BLS TOR) rule retrospectively using Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) data of metropolitan emergency medical service (EMS) in Korea. We also tested it by investigating the scene time interval for supplementing the BLS TOR rule. OHCA database of Seoul (January 2011 to December 2012) was used, which is composed of ambulance data and hospital medical record review. EMS-treated OHCA and 19 yr or older victims were enrolled, after excluding cases occurred in the ambulance and with incomplete information. The primary and secondary outcomes were hospital mortality and poor neurologic outcome. After calculating the sensitivity (SS), specificity (SP), and the positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), tested the rule according to the scene time interval group for sensitivity analysis. Of total 4,835 analyzed patients, 3,361 (69.5%) cases met all 3 criteria of the BLS TOR rule. Of these, 3,224 (95.9%) were dead at discharge (SS,73.5%; SP,69.6%; PPV,95.9%; NPV, 21.3%) and 3,342 (99.4%) showed poor neurologic outcome at discharge (SS, 75.2%; SP, 89.9%; PPV, 99.4%; NPV, 11.5%). The cut-off scene time intervals for 100% SS and PPV were more than 20 min for survival to discharge and more than 14 min for good neurological recovery. The BLS TOR rule showed relatively lower SS and PPV in OHCA data in Seoul, Korea. Graphical Abstract
The effect of unilateral naris occlusion on cell dynamics in the developing rat olfactory epithelium

The effect of unilateral naris occlusion on the cellular dynamics of developing olfactory epithelium was investigated in postnatal rats. Nares of rat pups, at 1, 5, and 10 d postnatally, were cauterized; after a 30 d survival period, the olfactory mucosa was examined histologically, and quantitative estimates were made of total number of receptor neurons (together with basal cells), supporting cells, and epithelial thickness. In each group, there were significant differences between occluded and patent sides in total numbers of neurons and in epithelial thickness but no difference in number of supporting cells. The differences were greater in the animals that had been occluded for 1–30 d than in the 5–35 or 10–40 d groups, suggesting that the earlier postnatal days are more sensitive to the effects of occlusion. We evaluated the number of mature olfactory neurons by staining immunohistochemically with an antibody against olfactory marker protein. There were no differences in the number of mature receptor neurons between the occluded and non-occluded sides, indicating the effect of naris occlusion was on the neurons in the immature and/or the “almost mature” population. Using 3H-thymidine autoradiography, we determined that there was a 40% reduction in the rate of neurogenesis in the animals occluded 1–30 d after birth. Further, the rate of cell proliferation in nasal respiratory epithelium declined by approximately the same amount. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On second-order synchronization protocols of multi-agent systems

In this paper, an approach is proposed to design synchronization protocols for a network of second-order multi-agents. We prove a series of sufficient conditions for different asymptotic coordination dynamics including synchronization, consensus and stability. These conditions are rather general, which can include some existing results as corollaries. In addition, we can employ them to construct novel second-order synchronization protocols. We present numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the theoretical results.
Automatic content-based recommendation in e-commerce

The amount of information in e-commerce is increasing far more quickly than our ability to process. Recommender systems apply knowledge discovery techniques to help people find what they really want. However, all of the previous approaches have an important drawback: items added newly cannot be found. In this paper, a general framework is proposed for supporting automatic recommendation of the new item to the potential users based on the concept of influent sets. We propose a simple efficient indexing structure and a heuristic information retrieval technique algorithm for searching reverse k nearest neighbour in high-dimensional dataset. And experimental evaluation reveals that our approach outperforms the previous algorithm and enhances the performance efficiently.
ADA: A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Data Augmentation for Object Detection

The use of random perturbations of ground truth data, such as random translation or scaling of bounding boxes, is a common heuristic used for data augmentation that has been shown to prevent overfitting and improve generalization. Since the design of data augmentation is largely guided by reported best practices, it is difficult to understand if those design choices are optimal. To provide a more principled perspective, we develop a game-theoretic interpretation of data augmentation in the context of object detection. We aim to find an optimal adversarial perturbations of the ground truth data (i.e., the worst case perturbations) that forces the object bounding box predictor to learn from the hardest distribution of perturbed examples for better test-time performance. We establish that the game theoretic solution, the Nash equilibrium, provides both an optimal predictor and optimal data augmentation distribution. We show that our adversarial method of training a predictor can significantly improve test time performance for the task of object detection. On the ImageNet object detection task, our adversarial approach improves performance by over 16\% compared to the best performing data augmentation method
Centralized reward system gives rise to fast and efficient work sharing for intelligent Internet agents lacking direct communication

WWW has a scale-free structure where novel information is often difficult to locate. Moreover, Intelligent agents easily get trapped in this structure. Here a novel method is put forth, which turns these traps into information repositories, supplies: We populated an Internet environment with intelligent news foragers. Foraging has its associated cost whereas foragers are rewarded if they detect not yet discovered novel information. The intelligent news foragers crawl by using the estimated long-term cumulated reward, and also have a finite sized memory: the list of most promising supplies. Foragers form an artificial life community: the most successful ones are allowed to multiply, while unsuccessful ones die out. The specific property of this community is that there is no direct communication amongst foragers but the centralized rewarding system. Still, fast division of work is achieved.
Recognizing facial expressions at low resolution

This paper focuses on recognizing facial expressions at low resolution. We introduce local binary patterns (LBP) as novel low-computation discriminative features for low-resolution facial expression recognition. Compared to Gabor wavelets, LBP features can be derived rapidly in a single scan of raw images, whilst still retaining enough facial information in a compact representation. Support vector machine (SVM) is adopted to classify facial expressions. Extensive experiments on the Cohn-Kanade database demonstrate that the LBP features are effective and efficient for facial expression recognition, and crucially perform robustly and stably over a useful range of low resolutions. Our method yields promising performance when processing compressed low-resolution video sequences from the PETS 2003 dataset.