Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Early Readmission After Kidney Transplantation: Examination of Discharge-Level Factors

Background Early rehospitalization after kidney transplantation (KTx) is common and is considered a quality metric. Recipient and donor risk factors for early readmission after KTx are well studied. Little data exist on discharge-level factors associated with readmission. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective cohort study between 2011 and 2015 of adult KTx recipients to examine readmission indication, risk factors, and opportunities for reduction. Results Of 462 KTxs, 145 (31.4%) were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The primary reason for readmission was surgery-site specific in 30 cases (20.7%). Of 115 recipients with nonsurgical indications for readmission 25 (21.7%) were related to infection, 24 (20.9%) graft dysfunction, 25 (21.7%) gastrointestinal, 25 (21.7%) metabolic, and 16 (13.9%) other reasons. On multivariate analysis significant independent predictors of early readmission were electrolyte abnormalities on the day of discharge (odds ratio [OR], 1.77; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.17-2.69), 3 or more comorbidities (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.04-3.86), delayed graft function at the time of discharge (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.00-2.70), and post-KTx hospitalization complication (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.10-2.61). Among 11.7% of patients, readmission may have been attenuated by addressing the medical issue before discharge from index hospitalization. In 28.3% of patients, readmission rates may have been reduced with continued management as an outpatient or provision of observational or same-day diagnostic resources. Conclusions Specific discharge level factors correlate with readmission irrespective of comorbidities and transplant complications. These findings may have important implications on discharge practice by aiding to identify which KTx recipients could be targeted for enhanced care transitions. Overall, potential opportunities for readmission reduction exist on multiple process levels.
Are Individual or Institutional Investors the Agents of ‎Bubbles?‎

Behavioral bubble models typically assume that uninformed trend-chasers, presumably individual investors, cause bubbles, while informed contrarian investors such as institutions, trade against bubbles. DeLong et al. (1990a) highlight that to be considered a “bubble”, the mis-pricing must prevail in a large, diversified portfolio. To meet this criterion, we use a unique dataset of all transactions by investor type for all non-financial Korean firms, and find evidence at odds with such assumptions. Domestic individual investors systematically apply aggressive contrarian trades, while foreign and some domestic institutions are mostly trend-chasers. These findings suggest that institutional investors rather than individuals are agents of bubbles.
Incomplete contracts and ownership: Some new thoughts

Since Ronald H. Coase’s famous 1937 article, economists have grappled with the question of what characterizes a firm and what determines its boundaries. Transaction cost economics (see, e.g., Oliver Williamson 1975, 1985; Benjamin Klein, Robert G. Crawford, and Armen A. Alchian 1978) argues that firms are important when contracts are incomplete, and parties make large relationship-specific investments. Property rights theory (see, e.g., Sanford J. Grossman and Oliver D. Hart 1986; Hart and John Moore 1990) refines this thinking by taking the view that the owner of a nonhuman asset possesses residual control rights over that asset, and that there is an optimal allocation of such residual control rights. As a consequence, not all activities should take place in a single firm. The modeling approach used in most of the incomplete contracting and property rights literature is one in which renegotiation of an incomplete contract always leads to ex post efficiency, and the focus is on distortions in ex ante investments. In this paper, we argue that such an approach is restrictive. We suggest, in future work, it may be useful to broaden the approach to include some new elements, such as behavioral ones. This will help to generate a theory of ex post inefficiency. We describe a first attempt along these lines based on Hart and Moore (2006).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacterium “Candidatus Brocadia sp. 40”

ABSTRACT The anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium “Candidatus Brocadia sp. 40” demonstrated the fastest growth rate compared to others in this taxon. Here, we report the 2.93-Mb draft genome sequence of this bacterium, which has 2,565 gene-coding regions, 41 tRNAs, and a single rrn operon.
Expression patterns of Fgf‐8 during development and limb regeneration of the axolotl

Fgf‐8 is one of the key signaling molecules implicated in the initiation, outgrowth, and patterning of vertebrate limbs. However, it is not clear whether FGF‐8 plays similar role in development and regeneration of urodele limbs. We isolated a Fgf‐8 cDNA from the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) through the screening of an embryo cDNA library. The cloned 1.26‐kb cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding 212 amino acid residues with 84%, 86%, and 80% amino acid identities to those of Xenopus, chick, and mouse, respectively. By using the above clone as a probe, we examined the temporal and spatial expression patterns of Fgf‐8 in developing embryos and in regenerating larval limbs. In developing embryos, Fgf‐8 was expressed in the neural fold, midbrain‐hindbrain junction, tail and limb buds, pharyngeal clefts, and primordia of maxilla and mandible. In the developing axolotl limb, Fgf‐8 began to be expressed in the prospective forelimb region at pre–limb‐bud and limb bud stages. Interestingly, strong expression was detected in the mesenchymal tissue of the limb bud before digit forming stages. In the regenerating limb, Fgf‐8 expression was noted in the basal layer of the apical epithelial cap (AEC) and the underlying thin layer of mesenchymal tissue during blastema formation stages. These data suggest that Fgf‐8 is involved in the organogenesis of various craniofacial structures, the initiation and outgrowth of limb development, and the blastema formation and outgrowth of regenerating limbs. In the developing limb of axolotl, unlike in Xenopus or in amniotes such as chick and mouse, the Fgf‐8 expression domain was localized mainly in the mesenchyme rather than epidermis. The unique expression pattern of Fgf‐8 in axolotl suggests that the regulatory mechanism of Fgf‐8 expression is different between urodeles and other higher species. The expression of Fgf‐8 in the deep layer of the AEC and the thin layer of underlying mesenchymal tissue in the regenerating limbs support the previous notion that the amphibian AEC is a functional equivalent of the AER in amniotes. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Longitudinal program analysis

The field of program analysis has made significant improvements recently, but still faces some major obstacles. In this talk I argue that considering analysis as applying longitudinally across the multitude of versions created during a program's lifetime -rather than to a given instance of a program - shows significant promise in overcoming some of these obstacles. I focus on identifying a set of opportunities that arise when this shift in outlook is taken.Most program analysis techniques have focused on questions of the form "Does program P satisfy a given property A? " or "What program points in P satisfy a given property A? " Type-checking is the classic example of the first form, while lexical, syntactic, and semantic analyses are examples of the second form. The key point (with respect to this talk) is that a single program P is being analyzed.Some analyses expand this view and explicitly consider a pair of programs, P and P', where P' represents a modified version of P. Test selection and prioritization techniques are among the best examples of this approach: the idea is to analyze the delta between P and P', and to use that information to determine which test cases must be re-run (for test selection) or should be re-run (for test prioritization). (There are dozens of results in these areas; Harrold et al.'s empirical study is one recent example of test selection [1], and the recent work at Microsoft Research is an example of test prioritization [2].There are at least three ways in which a longitudinal approach could improve analysis.Second, we can use previously computed information to better inform analysis on a newer version. One recent example of this is the work by Kim and Porter that uses historical information about the application of tests of a set of versions as a basis for test prioritization algorithms [3].Third, we can imagine applying otherwise "intractable" analyses over the lifetime of (multiple versions of) a program, as opposed to the (much more limited) time available to analyze a specific version. In essence, there is an opportunity to compute the analysis in stages, with the goal of completing the analysis by specific important points in the program lifetime (e.g., external releases). Work on vertical staging of analyses for runtime compilation is one place to look for ideas and techniques for this kind of "horizontal" staging [4]. The traditional view of software evolution says that (to accommodate needed change) program structure degrades and program size increases [5][6]; this in turn tends to increase the difficult of analysis. I propose here some opportunities for viewing time and change as potential benefits with respect to analysis, rather than as roadblocks. This provides potential for significantly improving software dependability over time.
Single Molecule Analysis Reveals Coexistence of Stable Serotonin Transporter Monomers and Oligomers in the Live Cell Plasma Membrane*

Background: The serotonin transporter (SERT) terminates synaptic signaling by reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Results: Interaction kinetics and number of subunits are elucidated by single molecule brightness analysis of SERT complexes. Conclusion: The oligomeric state of SERT complexes is stably determined before being integrated into the plasma membrane. Significance: The results reveal the first evidence for kinetic trapping of preformed neurotransmitter transporter oligomers. The human serotonin transporter (hSERT) is responsible for the termination of synaptic serotonergic signaling. Although there is solid evidence that SERT forms oligomeric complexes, the exact stoichiometry of the complexes and the fractions of different coexisting oligomeric states still remain enigmatic. Here we used single molecule fluorescence microscopy to obtain the oligomerization state of the SERT via brightness analysis of single diffraction-limited fluorescent spots. Heterologously expressed SERT was labeled either with the fluorescent inhibitor JHC 1-64 or via fusion to monomeric GFP. We found a variety of oligomerization states of membrane-associated transporters, revealing molecular associations larger than dimers and demonstrating the coexistence of different degrees of oligomerization in a single cell; the data are in agreement with a linear aggregation model. Furthermore, oligomerization was found to be independent of SERT surface density, and oligomers remained stable over several minutes in the live cell plasma membrane. Together, the results indicate kinetic trapping of preformed SERT oligomers at the plasma membrane.
Balancing exploration and exploitation tension in coopetition: the case of European space innovation programmes

Coopetition is filled with multiple tensions. A major one results from the dilemma between exploration and exploitation. Because tensions could inhibit the impact of coopetition on innovation performance, they need to be managed. A theoretical gap appears on the management of exploration/exploitation tension in a coopetition context. This article aims to fill this gap. A framework based on the concept of ambidexterity is proposed and discussed regarding the results of the in-depth case study of two collaborative innovative programmes conducted by two competitors within the space industry. Findings highlight that innovation performance requires a balance between exploration and exploitation reached thanks to specific ambidextrous capabilities at both organisational and team levels. At the organisational level, ambidexterity allows partners to manage strategic information, to equally divide the industrial activity and to decide a resource sharing process. At the team level, project manager internalise the paradox and daily manage tensions between sharing and protecting knowledge.
Phase III intergroup study of talc poudrage vs talc slurry sclerosis for malignant pleural effusion.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the efficacy, safety, and appropriate mode of instillation of talc for sclerosis in treatment of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). DESIGN A prospective, randomized trial was designed to compare thoracoscopy with talc insufflation (TTI) to thoracostomy and talc slurry (TS) for patients with documented MPE. MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was 30-day freedom from radiographic MPE recurrence among surviving patients whose lungs initially re-expanded > 90%. Morbidity, mortality, and quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS Of 501 patients registered, those eligible were randomized to TTI (n = 242) or TS (n = 240). Patient demographics and primary malignancies were similar between study arms. Overall, there was no difference between study arms in the percentage of patients with successful 30-day outcomes (TTI, 78%; TS, 71%). However, the subgroup of patients with primary lung or breast cancer had higher success with TTI than with TS (82% vs 67%). Common morbidity included fever, dyspnea, and pain. Treatment-related mortality occurred in nine TTI patients and seven TS patients. Respiratory complications were more common following TTI than TS (14% vs 6%). Respiratory failure was observed in 4% of TS patients and 8% of TTI patients, accounting for five toxic deaths and six toxic deaths, respectively. Quality-of-life measurement demonstrated less fatigue with TTI than TS. Patient ratings of comfort and safety were also higher for TTI, but there were no differences on perceived value or convenience of the procedures. CONCLUSIONS Both methods of talc delivery are similar in efficacy; TTI may be better for patients with either a lung or breast primary. The etiology and incidence of respiratory complications from talc need further exploration.
Clinical Use of Capillary PCR To DiagnoseMycoplasma Pneumonia

ABSTRACT In the present study, serologic data were compared with data obtained by capillary PCR to establish the efficacy of capillary PCR for the determination of Mycoplasma infection in samples obtained from throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), and sputum of patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia. We performed PCR analysis for Mycoplasma DNA on a total of 325 samples from 197 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and in whom Mycoplasma pneumonia was suspected. There were 68 PCR-positive specimens. Review of the differences in PCR positivity rates based on the site of specimen collection showed the highest rate of detection (28.6%) from throat swabs. From among the 31 patients with significantly elevated titers of serum Mycoplasmaantibodies, the PCR results were positive for 25 patients. Thus, capillary PCR had a sensitivity of 80.6% (25 of 31). Five of the six false-negative results were from throat swab specimens. Moreover, testing (PCR) had been performed only once for these five patients with false-negative results. From among the PCR-positive findings from BALF specimens, there were no false-positive results. BALF specimens were very useful, except for the technical procedures and increased patient burden required to obtain these specimens. We suggest that the use of throat swab specimens in capillary PCR is much more suitable for diagnosing Mycoplasma pneumonia in routine clinical practice; however, careful throat swab specimen collection and an increase in the number of times that the PCR is performed are necessary to reduce the rate of false-negative results.
Impedance Based Characterization of a High-Coupled Screen Printed PZT Thick Film Unimorph Energy Harvester

The single degree of freedom mass-spring-damper system is the most common approach for deriving a full electromechanical model for the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester. In this paper, we revisit this standard electromechanical model by focusing on the impedance of the piezoelectric device. This approach leads to simple closed form expressions for peak power frequency, optimal load, and output power without a tedious mathematical derivative approach. The closed form expressions are validated against the exact numerical solution. The electromechanical model contains a set of only five lumped parameters which, by means of the piezoelectric impedance expression, all can be determined accurately by electrical measurements. It is shown how four of five lumped parameters can be determined from a single impedance measurement scan, considerably reducing the characterization effort. The remaining parameter is determined from shaker measurements, and a highly accurate agreement is found between model and measurements on a unimorph MEMS-based screen printed PZT harvester. With a high coupling term K2 Q ≃ 7, the harvester exhibits two optimum load points. The peak power performance of the harvester was measured to 11.7 nW at an acceleration of 10 mg with a load of 9 kQ at 496.3 Hz corresponding to 117 μW/g2.
Localised filtering for transport models

Interface control is an important area in applications of Domain Decomposition (DD) for linear advection-diffusion equations, since it attempts to minimize the errors committed by DD methods. In this work a localised control and estimation strategy, confined to selected sub-domains, that combines DD and filtering is proposed for linear non-stationary advection-diffusion equations. This approach mitigates the error introduced by DD and Finite Element Method (FEM) discretization and, in addition, it allows to combine observations (for instance, sensor's readings) with numerical solutions of advection-diffusion equations. The latter is of utmost importance for data assimilation methods widely applied in geophysics.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Aldol Additions with Methyl and Ethyl Acetate O-Silyl Enolates: A Chiral Tridentate Chelate as a Ligand for Titanium(IV)

Asymmetric catalysis of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction has been reported with complexes derived from Al, B, Sn(II), and Ti(IV). The levels of asymmetric induction for the addition of propionate-, isobutyrate-, and acetate-derived silyl thioketene acetals to aldehydes parallel those obtained with chiral-auxiliary-based methodologies. However, silyl ketene acetals derived from O-alkyl acetates uniformly provide aldolates possessing lower levels of asymmetric induction. We have initiated a study aimed at the design and synthesis of chiral Ti(IV) complexes that catalyze the enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol of O-trimethylsilyl, O-methyl, and O-ethyl ketene acetals with aldehydes. We report herein a catalyst that consists of a tridentate ligand derived from 3, Ti(O'^iPr)_4, and 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylic acid. This catalyst (2-5 mol %) furnishes aldol adducts in good yields and high levels of asymmetric induction (88-97% ee).
AN OPTION VALUE APPROACH TO VALUING PRESERVATION PROPERTIES

There has been a recent trend towards purchasing land for farmland preservation, wildlife refuges, other conservation, and cultural and historical preservation. There is a great deal of unexplained variation in the dollars paid per acre for these properties. The theoretical basis for this analysis is an option value model with stochastic returns to development. The data used in our analysis is sales transactions data for natural resource conservation and farmland preservation purposes from throughout the United States. We find that land, when it would be best used for development, but is not developed, has a significantly higher price.
Adoption of corporate social responsibility – incorporating a stakeholder perspective

Purpose – The aim of the present paper is to study what effect CSR has had on the practice of organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Since the effects of CSR on practice are an understudied topic the paper adopts a single case study design and studies Swedbank. Theoretically the paper approaches the problematic from the perspective of neo institutional theory and stakeholder theory. Findings – If CSR approaches colonize organisational practice, a fundamental shift from a shareholder strategy, to a social harmony strategy may be experienced, i.e. that the current focus on shareholder needs in contemporary organizations is balanced with the needs of other stakeholders. CSR adoption is surprisingly high at Swedbank and the paper thus argues that CSR might change the practice of organizations toward social harmony. Research limitations/implications – The case study design does not make possible empirical generalizations. Therefore, further research should focus on generalizing the findings. Further research might also conduct case studies by using the adoption framework in other empirical settings. Originality/value – The paper offers new insight on of the adoption of CSR in organizations and connects this issue to stakeholder theory. Additionally, framing the adoption of CSR from an institutional perspective is also novel.
Influence of intertidal Manila clam Venerupis philippinarum aquaculture on biogeochemical fluxes

Bivalve aquaculture introduces high densities of farmed organisms to the natural environment with potential consequences on a number of ecosystem processes, including modifi- cation of nutrient fluxes (e.g. NH4, NOX, PO4, and Si(OH)4) and benthic respiration, and may impact benthic communities. Infaunal clam culture may influence the environment due to the clams themselves (their metabolic processes (e.g. feeding, respiration), production of faeces/ pseudo faeces, and/or trapping of organic matter), the farm structures, or the fouling on these structures. This study examined how farmed Manila clams Venerupis philippinarum, the nets placed on beaches to protect them from predators, and the fouling organisms growing on these nets modify nutrient fluxes, benthic respiration, and benthic community structure in coastal British Columbia, Canada. In 2012, a manipulative experiment involving sixty 2.25 m 2 plots and 6 treat- ments was conducted on an intertidal farmed beach to evaluate the effect of clams (presence/ absence) and net status (fouled, cleaned, and absent). Percentage organic matter in the first cen- timetre of sediment was significantly greater with the presence of clams than without. The abun- dance and taxonomic richness of organisms in sediments were significantly affected by net status. Nutrient fluxes and oxygen consumption increased significantly with the presence of clams, the latter also increasing with the presence of nets and fouling on nets (incubated under dark condi- tions). These results show that farmed clams and the structures used to culture them influence several environmental parameters, and provide a better understanding of the role of these factors in modulating the benthic environment.