Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Quantitative Motor State Assessment Using a Kinetograph and Patient Diaries in Advanced PD: Data from an Observational Study

Introduction Effective management and development of new treatment strategies for response fluctuations in advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) largely depends on clinical rating instruments such as the PD home diary. The Parkinson’s kinetigraph (PKG) measures movement accelerations and analyzes the spectral power of the low frequencies of the accelerometer data. New algorithms convert each hour of continuous PKG data into one of the three motor categories used in the PD home diary, namely motor Off state and On state with and without dyskinesia. Objective To compare quantitative motor state assessment in fluctuating PD patients using the PKG with motor state ratings from PD home diaries. Methods Observational cohort study on 24 in-patients with documented motor fluctuations who completed diaries by rating motor Off, On without dyskinesia, On with dyskinesia, and asleep for every hour for 5 consecutive days. Simultaneously collected PKG data (recorded between 6 am and 10 pm) were analyzed and calibrated to the patient’s individual thresholds for Off and dyskinetic state by novel algorithms classifying the continuous accelerometer data into these motor states for every hour between 6 am and 10 pm. Results From a total of 2,040 hours, 1,752 hours (87.4%) were available for analyses from calibrated PKG data (7.5% sleeping time and 5.1% unclassified motor state time were excluded from analyses). Distributions of total motor state hours per day measured by PKG showed moderate-to-strong correlation to those assessed by diaries for the different motor states (Pearson’s correlations coefficients: 0.404–0.658), but inter-rating method agreements on the single-hour-level were only low-to-moderate (Cohen’s κ: 0.215–0.324). Conclusion The PKG has been shown to capture motor fluctuations in patients with advanced PD. The limited correlation of hour-to-hour diary and PKG recordings should be addressed in further studies.
Reducing decision tree fragmentation through attribute value grouping: A comparative study

The trees constructed by decision tree induction programs are often unnecessarily large and containing substantial degrees of duplication because such programs typically build a separate subtree for each value of a categorical attribute. Attribute value grouping procedures attempt to avoid this problem by partitioning attribute values into groups, each of which gives rise to only one subtree. In this paper we raise and attempt to answer a number of questions about the performance of such procedures. We review the limited amount of research that has been done in this area and propose a number of novel attribute value grouping procedures. We then present the results of a systematic comparative study in which eight alternative attribute grouping procedures were evaluated using both artificial and real data sets. We found that attribute value grouping can produce substantial reductions in tree size and that the best methods produce average reductions approaching 50% for real data. We also found that there was no effect on the classification accuracy of the trees produced but the time required to produce them was reduced. The most surprising finding was that global methods, which group attribute values once prior to tree construction were superior to local methods, which repartition values throughout tree construction: they produce substantially smaller trees in less time that are marginally more accurate classifiers.
A Fully Digital Semirotational Frequency Detection Algorithm for Bang–Bang CDRs

This brief presents a new frequency acquisition method using a semirotational frequency detection (SRFD) algorithm for referenceless clock and data recovery (CDR) in a serial-link receiver. The proposed SRFD algorithm classifies the bang–bang phase detector (BBPD) outputs to estimate the current phase state and detects the frequency mismatch between the input data and the sampling clock. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)-track path in a digital loop filter (DLF) enables online calibration of a drifted frequency of the VCO caused by temperature or voltage variation after a frequency acquisition. The proposed algorithm can be implemented as a digitally synthesized circuit, lowering design efforts for referenceless CDRs. A 10-Gb/s transceiver IC with the proposed algorithm, fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process, demonstrates successful recovery of the input phase without any reference clock.
Network controlled distributed energy management system for smart cities

The Network Controlled Distributed Energy Management System (NCDEMS) has been designed in compliance with IEEE 21451 standards. The developed system is capable of improving the power quality, efficiency of distributed energy resources, and power distribution for smart cities. The voltage and current sensors modules are implemented successfully. The Graphical User Interface (GUI) Apps of local and remote level are developed in LabVIEW. The voltage and current sensors are calibrated through the results comparison of the well-known system. The internet of things (IoT) network module has been implemented and can be integrated to the home appliances. The IoT based Apps have been implemented for the smart devices. The system is of low cost, high accuracy, and user friendly.
A marker calibration method utilizing a priori knowledge on marker arrangement

This paper describes a calibration method of markers which are used for registration in MR applications. There have been many vision-based approaches proposed as registration methods in MR. When multiple markers are utilized in a vision-based method, it is necessary that the geometric information of the marker arrangement such as their positions and orientations be known in advance. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method combining the "bundle adjustment method," which is a photogrammetric technique that calculates the geometric information from a set of images, with some constraints on the marker arrangement which are obtained a priori (e.g. the multiple markers are located on a single plane). After considering marker arrangements seen in many MR systems, we summarize some constraints seen in these arrangements. Then, we explain the basic framework of this method as well as a solution method under some practical constraints. We further describe several experiments and their results in order to show the effectiveness of this method.
Graph-based bayesian approach for transient interference suppression

In this paper, we present a method for transient interference suppression. The main idea is to learn the intrinsic geometric structure of the transients instead of relying on estimates of noise statistics. The transient interference structure is captured via a parametrization of a graph constructed from the measurements. This parametrization is viewed as an empirical model for transients and is used for building a filter that extracts transients from noisy speech. We present a model-based supervised algorithm, in which the graph-based empirical model is constructed in advance from training recordings, and then extended to new incoming measurements. This paper extends previous studies and presents a new Bayesian approach for empirical model extension that takes into account both the structure of the transients as well as the dynamics of speech signals.
The diagnostic performance of ADC value for tumor grade, deep myometrial invasion and lymphovascular space invasion in endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis

Background Disputes exist regarding whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can differentiate the tumor grade, deep myometrial invasion and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrial cancer. The aim of this review was to assess the diagnostic performance of the ADC value in endometrial cancer. Material and Methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies that used the ADC value to assess tumor grade, deep myometrial invasion and LVSI in endometrial cancer. We used forest plots to analyze the heterogeneity and generate the pooled sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE). We used summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves to work out the area under the SROC curve (AUC). Likelihood ratios (LRs) were also obtained. Results Of the 460 identified studies, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria and were included. Overall, nine studies (491 patients) aimed at differentiating high tumor grade had a pooled SEN, SPE and AUC of 77%, 73% and 81%, respectively; three studies (181 patients) for differentiating deep myometrial invasion had a pooled SEN, SPE and AUC of 71%, 67% and 77%, respectively; and two studies (106 patients) for differentiating LVSI had a pooled SEN and SPE of 66% and 74%, respectively. The positive and negative LRs were 2.77 and 0.35 for the tumor grade, 2.08 and 0.45 for deep myometrial invasion, and 2.48 and 0.45 for LVSI. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that the ADC value had a moderate diagnostic performance for the tumor grade, deep myometrial invasion and LVSI in endometrial cancer.
Toward Online Probabilistic Path Replanning in Dynamic Environments

This paper presents work on sensor-based motion planning in initially unknown dynamic environments. Motion detection and modeling are combined with a smooth navigation function to perform on-line path planning in cluttered dynamic environments. The SLIP algorithm, an extension of iterative closest point, combines motion detection from a mobile platform with position estimation. This information is used via probabilistic prediction to estimate a traversal risk function that unifies dynamic and static obstacles. The risk is fed to E* and leads to smooth paths that trade off collision risk versus detours
Planning in Markov Stochastic Task Domains

In decision theoretic planning, a challenge for Markov decision processes (MDPs) and partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) is, many problem domains contain big state spaces and complex tasks, which will result in poor solution performance. We develop a task analysis and modeling (TAM) approach, in which the (PO)MDP model is separated into a task view and an action view. In the task view, TAM models the problem domain using a task equivalence model, with task-dependent abstract states and observations. We provide a learning algorithm to obtain the parameter values of task equivalence models. We present three typical examples to explain the TAM approach. Experimental results indicate our approach can greatly improve the computational capacity of task planning in Markov stochastic domains.
Beyond Mobile Apps: A Survey of Technologies for Mental Well-Being

Mental health problems are on the rise globally and strain national health systems worldwide. Mental disorders are closely associated with fear of stigma, structural barriers such as financial burden, and lack of available services and resources which often prohibit the delivery of frequent clinical advice and monitoring. Technologies for mental well-being exhibit a range of attractive properties, which facilitate the delivery of state-of-the-art clinical monitoring. This review article provides an overview of traditional techniques followed by their technological alternatives, sensing devices, behaviour changing tools, and feedback interfaces. The challenges presented by these technologies are then discussed with data collection, privacy, and battery life being some of the key issues which need to be carefully considered for the successful deployment of mental health toolkits. Finally, the opportunities this growing research area presents are discussed including the use of portable tangible interfaces combining sensing and feedback technologies. Capitalising on the data these ubiquitous devices can record, state of the art machine learning algorithms can lead to the development of robust clinical decision support tools towards diagnosis and improvement of mental well-being delivery in real-time.
Spatial Wavelet Analysis of Calcium Oscillations in Developing Neurons

Calcium signals play a major role in the control of all key stages of neuronal development, and in particular in the growth and orientation of neuritic processes. These signals are characterized by high spatial compartmentalization, a property which has a strong relevance in the different roles of specific neuronal regions in information coding. In this context it is therefore important to understand the structural and functional basis of this spatial compartmentalization, and in particular whether the behavior at each compartment is merely a consequence of its specific geometry or the result of the spatial segregation of specific calcium influx/efflux mechanisms. Here we have developed a novel approach to separate geometrical from functional differences, regardless on the assumptions on the actual mechanisms involved in the generation of calcium signals. First, spatial indices are derived with a wavelet-theoretic approach which define a measure of the oscillations of cytosolic calcium concentration in specific regions of interests (ROIs) along a cell, in our case developing chick ciliary ganglion neurons. The resulting spatial profile demonstrates clearly that different ROIs along the neuron are characterized by specific patterns of calcium oscillations. Next we have investigated whether this inhomogeneity is due just to geometrical factors, namely the surface to volume ratio in the different subcompartments (e.g. soma vs. growth cone) or it depends on their specific biophysical properties. To this aim correlation functions are computed between the activity indices and the surface/volume ratio along the cell: the data thus obtained are validated by a statistical analysis on a dataset of different cells. This analysis shows that whereas in the soma calcium dynamics is highly correlated to the surface/volume ratio, correlations drop in the growth cone-neurite region, suggesting that in this latter case the key factor is the expression of specific mechanisms controlling calcium influx/efflux.
Epistemological Development in Graduate and Professional Education

This article describes graduate and professional educational experiences that promote contextual knowing, or the ability to critically analyze information to construct an informed perspective. Students described these experiences as opportunities to struggle with ideas and formulate their own opinions, connect their beliefs to their own lives, use their experience in the learning process, engage in learning as equal partners with teachers, and exchange perspectives with diverse peers to develop belief systems.
Experience with teaching black-box testing in a computer science/software engineering curriculum

Software testing is a popular and important technique for improving software quality. There is a strong need for universities to teach testing rigorously to students studying computer science or software engineering. This paper reports the experience of teaching the classification-tree method as a black-box testing technique at the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, and Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia. It aims to foster discussion of appropriate teaching methods of software testing.
PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Anxious Uncertainty and Reactive Approach Motivation (RAM)

goals that guide more concrete goals (Carver & Scheier, 1998; Higgins, 1996, 1997; Powers, 1973). Ideals can therefore serve as accessible alternative goals to approach when focal goals are compromised (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). Humans can eagerly approach meaningful ideals, at least in part, by simply heightening imagined commitment to them (McGregor & Little, 1998). Private conviction for ideals is also relatively free from the risks of failure or critique that can hamper more temporal goals. Beyond their efficiency and reliability, ideals are also resistant to disillusionment and habituation because they can never be fully attained (Klinger, 1977). Promoting ideals as a means for RAM may therefore be an appealing human response to anxious uncertainty. 1 Hypomanic episodes arising from anxious uncertainty and conflict have been described in psychoanalytic terms as being characterized by a self-perceived unification of the ego with superego ideals (Fenichel, 1945; see also Horney, 1950). Ian McGregor, Kyle Nash, Nikki Mann, and Curtis E. Phills, Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This research was supported by grants from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Thanks to Denise Marigold, Jordan Peterson, and Mike Prentice for helpful comments. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ian McGregor, Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. E-mail: ianmc@yorku.ca Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2010, Vol. 99, No. 1, 133–147 © 2010 American Psychological Association 0022-3514/10/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/a0019701
Mitochondrial Free Radical Production and Aging in Mammals and Birds a

ABSTRACT: The mitochondrial rate of oxygen radical (ROS) production is negatively correlated with maximum life span potential (MLSP) in mammals following the rate of living theory. In order to know if this relationship is more than circumstantial, homeothermic vertebrates with MLSP different from that predicted by the body size and metabolic rate of the majority of mammals (like birds and primates) must be studied. Birds are unique because they combine a high rate of basal oxygen consumption with a high MLSP. Heart, brain, and lung mitochondrial ROS production and free radical leak (percent of total electron flow directed to ROS production) are lower in three species of birds of different orders than in mammals of similar body size and metabolic rate. This suggests that the capacity to show a low rate of ROS production is a general characteristic of birds. Using substrates and inhibitors specific for different segments of the respiratory chain, the main ROS generator site (responsible for those bird‐mammalian differences) in state 4 has been localized at complexes I and III in heart mitochondria and only at complex I in nonsynaptic brain mitochondria. In state 3, complex I is the only generator in both tissues. The results also suggest that the iron‐sulphur centers are the ROS generators of complex I. A general mechanism that allows pigeon mitochondria to show a low rate of ROS production can be the capacity to maintain a low degree of reduction of the ROS generator site. In heart mitochondria, this is supplemented with a low rate of oxygen consumption physiologically compensated with a comparatively higher heart size. A low rate of free radical production near DNA, together with a high rate of DNA repair, can be responsible for the slow rate of accumulation of DNA damage and thus the slow aging rate of longevous animals.
Development of the rat thalamus: I. Mosaic organization of the thalamic neuroepithelium

Short‐survival, sequential, and long‐survival thymidine radiograms of rat embryos, fetuses and young pups were analyzed in order to delineate the boundaries of the proliferative thalamic neuroepithelium, describe its early transformations, identify its regional divisions, and, finally, attempt to relate its distinct neuroepithelial components to specific thalamic nuclei that they supply with neurons. On day E13 the thalamic neuroepithelium consists of two divisions, the rostral lobe and the caudal lobe, and interposed between the two is a small transient structure, the reticular protuberance. By day E14 the rostral lobe has become partitioned into the anterior lobule and the reticular lobule, and the caudal lobe into the intermediate lobule and the posterior lobule. By day E15 these four lobules have become further partitioned into sublobules, characterized as regional eversions and inversions (concavities and convexities) of the thalamic neuroepithelium. Several of these sublobules are still recognizable on day E16 but progressively disappear thereafter.
Fasting conditions: Influence of water intake on clinical chemistry analytes

Introduction Currently available recommendations regarding fasting requirements before phlebotomy do not specify any maximum water intake volume permitted during the fasting period. The aim was to study the effects of 300 mL water intake 1 h before phlebotomy on specific analytes. Materials and methods Blood was collected from 20 women (median age (min-max): 24 (22 - 50) years) in basal state (T0) and 1 h after 300 mL water intake (T1). Glucose, total proteins (TP), urea, creatinine, cystatin C, total bilirubin (BT), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (Tg), uric acid (UA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), alanine-aminotransferase and lactate-dehydrogenase (LD) were studied. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Mean difference (%) was calculated for each analyte and was further compared with reference change value (RCV). Only mean differences (%) higher than RCV were considered clinically significant. Results Significant differences (median T0 vs median T1, P) were observed for TP (73 vs 74 g/L, 0.001); urea (4.08 vs 4.16 mmol/L, 0.010); BT (12 vs 13 µmol/L, 0.021); total cholesterol (4.9 vs 4.9 mmol/L, 0.042); Tg (1.05 vs 1.06 mmol/L, 0.002); UA (260 vs 270 µmol/L, 0.006); GGT (12 vs 12 U/L, 0.046); AST (22 vs 24 U/L, 0.001); and LD (364 vs 386 U/L, 0.001). Although the differences observed were statistically significant, they were not indicative of clinically significant changes. Conclusions A water intake of 300 mL 1 h prior to phlebotomy does not interfere with the analytes studied in the present work.
Sentence-Level Instance-Weighting for Graph-Based and Transition-Based Dependency Parsing

Instance-weighting has been shown to be effective in statistical machine translation (Foster et al., 2010), as well as cross-language adaptation of dependency parsers (Sogaard, 2011). This paper presents new methods to do instance-weighting in state-of-the-art dependency parsers. The methods are evaluated on Danish and English data with consistent improvements over unadapted baselines.
Mitogen activation induces the enhanced synthesis of two heat-shock proteins in human lymphocytes

We have used mitogenic lectin (PHA) and a monoclonal antibody (OKT3) to stimulate human peripheral blood (G0) lymphocytes, in the presence of monocytes, and have found two major preferentially synthesized proteins, 73 and 95 kD, which are induced by the mitogens. The elevated synthesis of both proteins begins approximately 4-6 h after mitogen addition (early to mid G0/G1) before entry into first S phase. Maximum synthesis of both proteins is reached by 12 h after mitogen addition when P95 synthesis represents approximately 4%, and P73 approximately 2%, of the total protein synthesis, compared with less than 0.5% for each protein in cells cultured without mitogen. Thus, the proteins appear to be major components of activated cells. We find that both P73 and P95 are induced by heat stress as well as mitogenic stimulation. The induction of the proteins is not affected by either deleting glucose from the culture media or, alternatively, by supplementing it. Using polyclonal antibodies prepared to each of the proteins isolated from mitogen activated cells and monoclonal antibodies that were raised to heat shock proteins, we are able to show that P95 is electrophoretically and immunologically identical to the HSP 90 induced by heat stress. P73 is one of the 70 kD HSPs, (termed HSC 70; Pelham, H. R. B. 1986. Cell. 46: 959-961), but is different from the most strongly heat inducible form of HSP 70 (72 kD). The distribution of both proteins in subcellular fractions of mitogen activated lymphocytes is similar to the reported localization of the respective HSP's in other cell types. The results suggest that HSP 90 and HSC 70 may have functional roles in stress response and growth processes of human lymphocytes.