Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Older Adults in Nursing Homes: Assessing Relationships Between Multiple Constructs of Social Integration, Facility Characteristics, and Health

An extensive body of research has examined connections between older adults‘ social worlds and health and well-being, particularly for community-dwelling older adults. Yet, little is known about the social worlds of older adults living in nursing homes because of this population‘s exclusion from many studies and national databases. Further, the influence of social workers and culture change practices on the social lives of nursing home residents is not well-documented. This research assessed the relationships between multiple social integration (i.e., social networks, social capital, social support, and social engagement) and health (i.e., depression, functional health and well-being) constructs, and examined the influence of facility characteristics (i.e., culture change, role of social workers) on these variables. This study drew on a model based on social network theory developed by Berkman, Glass, Brissette, and Seeman (2000). Data were collected at 30 nursing homes in Northeast Kansas using a cross-sectional, quantitative, planned missing data design with random sampling techniques. Data collection occurred at the individual-level through in-person structured interviews with older adult nursing home residents (N = 140) and at the facility-level (N = 30) with social service directors and nursing home administrators. Data were imputed using multiple imputation, and multilevel confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify measurement properties. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) was used to answer the research questions and test hypotheses. Findings revealed that the data did fit the proposed model supporting social network theory, showing that social networks and social group participation indirectly influence depression and functional health and well-being primarily via social engagement. Social capital had a direct influence on both health constructs. Further, the relationships sub-scale of culture change involvement significantly influenced between-level differences in residents‘ social networks, and iv the number of social workers in a nursing home was positively associated with between-level differences in residents‘ social support. These findings inform social integration strategies for reducing social isolation and related declines in physical and mental health for older adults in nursing homes as well as nursing home and health care policies for improving quality of life of those utilizing long term care services.
Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia of Cattle.

Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia of Cattle SIR: We would like to comment on the article in the Februarv issue of The Canadian Veterinary Journal by D. C. Blood on Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia of Cattle. This article is an excellent description of the clinical and necropsy changes as they have been seen in the acute and chronic forms in Eastern Ontario. Our experience has indicated that chronic cases occur only during the stable feeding period although animals which recover from an acute attack on pasture may show permanent damage or chronic symptoms. Some chronic cases showed an improvement as soon as thev were turned out in the spring although symptoms usually returned the next winter. We have seen no real indication that the chronic form was more common in Jersey and Guernsey cattle, although these breeds seem to be more susceptible and more individual cases have been seen in them. However, the herd outbreaks of the chronic type occurred in an Ayrshire herd (about 13 cases over a period of 8 years), and in a Shorthorn herd (4 cows and a bull in 2 months). As Dr. Blood has indicated, the acute form apparently occurs most frequently on pasture although we have not seen it associated with a change in pasture. In one herd seen by the authors, 5 of 8 calves (6-9 months) were affected on a pasture where they had been for some time. Two of these animals died a few hours after the onset of dyspnea. The other 3 calves recovered, but continued to show respiratory symptoms. In a second herd of 17 cows, 10 animals showed acute Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia four days after being turned out to pasture. Four of these animals were quite severely affected; however, no deaths occurred, and over a period of time all animals apparently recovered completely. It was the work done with this herd that points up an area of disagreement with Dr. Blood's article. Dr. Blood states that in this disease there are no clinical-pathological findings of any diagnostic significance. We would like to suggest that in many cases which we have encountered there is a mild to a marked eosinophilia. In the herd just mentioned, the total W.B.C. and eosinophil percentage were as follows on the first day of illness and three days later in the 4 most severely affected animals:
Fully Constrained Least Squares Spectral Unmixing by Simplex Projection

We present a new algorithm for linear spectral mixture analysis, which is capable of supervised unmixing of hyperspectral data while respecting the constraints on the abundance coefficients. This simplex-projection unmixing algorithm is based upon the equivalence of the fully constrained least squares problem and the problem of projecting a point onto a simplex. We introduce several geometrical properties of high-dimensional simplices and combine them to yield a recursive algorithm for solving the simplex-projection problem. A concrete implementation of the algorithm for large data sets is provided, and the algorithm is benchmarked against well-known fully constrained least squares unmixing (FCLSU) techniques, on both artificial data sets and real hyperspectral data collected over the Cuprite mining region. Unlike previous algorithms for FCLSU, the presented algorithm possesses no optimization steps and is completely analytical, severely reducing the required processing power.
The natural history of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 228 military aviators: a long-term follow-up of 22 years.

BACKGROUND Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome poses a risk for tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Most WPW studies have relatively limited numbers of subjects and brief follow-up periods. METHODS We reviewed records of 238 consecutive military aviators with WPW syndrome evaluated from 1955 to 1999. Follow-up was by questionnaires, telephone interviews, or death certificates. Events included sudden cardiac death and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) (by electrocardiographic [ECG] documentation or suggestive symptoms). RESULTS The mean age was 34.3 years (range 17-56 years). Forty-two (42/238, 17.6%) had SVT (WPW syndrome) and 196 of 238 (82.4%) had the WPW ECG pattern only. The mean follow-up of 21.8 years (range 2-41 years) was obtained on 228 of 238 (96%) for a total of 4906 patient-years. Sudden cardiac death occurred in 1 of 228, an incidence of 0.0002 per patient-year (95% confidence interval 0.0-0.001). SVT occurred in 47 of 228 (20.6%) or 0.01 per patient-year. One hundred eighty-seven (187/228, 82%) initially had the WPW ECG pattern only; 28 of 187 (15.0%) reported SVT during follow-up. Forty-one (41/228, 18%) initially had WPW syndrome; 19 of 41(46.3%) reported additional SVT during follow-up. CONCLUSION Sudden cardiac death risk was low (0.02%/patient-year) in this WPW population. The SVT incidence was 1% per patient-year. Referral bias and some characteristics of the unique military aviator population may partly account for these low event rates. However, these results may be more applicable to unselected populations than are tertiary referral-based studies.
Quantitative analysis of Pac1/LIS1‐mediated dynein targeting: Implications for regulation of dynein activity in budding yeast

LIS1 is a critical regulator of dynein function during mitosis and organelle transport. Here, we investigated how Pac1, the budding yeast LIS1 homologue, regulates dynein targeting and activity during nuclear migration. We show that Pac1 and Dyn1 (dynein heavy chain) are dependent upon each other and upon Bik1 (budding yeast CLIP‐170 homologue) for plus end localization, whereas Bik1 is independent of either. Dyn1, Pac1 and Bik1 interact in vivo at the plus ends, where an excess amount of Bik1 recruits approximately equal amounts of Pac1 and Dyn1. Overexpression of Pac1 enhanced plus end targeting of Dyn1 and vice versa, while affinity‐purification of Dyn1 revealed that it exists in a complex with Pac1 in the absence of Bik1, leading us to conclude that the Pac1‐Dyn1 complex preassembles in the cytoplasm prior to loading onto Bik1‐decorated plus ends. Strikingly, we found that Pac1‐overexpression augments cortical dynein activity through a mechanism distinct from loss of She1, a negative regulator of dynein‐dynactin association. While Pac1‐overexpression enhances the frequency of cortical targeting for dynein and dynactin, the stoichiometry of these complexes remains relatively unchanged at the plus ends compared to that in wild‐type cells (∼3 dynein to 1 dynactin). Loss of She1, however, enhances dynein‐dynactin association at the plus ends and the cell cortex, resulting in an apparent 1:1 stoichiometry. Our results reveal differential regulation of cortical dynein activity by She1 and Pac1, and provide a potentially new regulatory step in the off‐loading model for dynein function. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Friendships are flexible, not fragile: Turning points in geographically-close and long-distance friendships

Prior research has characterized friendships, particularly long-distance friendships, as fragile. A turning point analysis compared changes in friendship levels for 100 college students in geographically-close (GC) and long-distance (LD) same-sex friendships. Results indicated that friendship level and commitment level are strongly and positively associated. Moreover, friendship level and proximity are interdependent with several categories of turning points. Finally, a linear sequence of shifts in friendship level is associated with both GC and LD friends, but a nonlinear sequence that includes a shift back to the casual friendship level with recovery is more typical for LD friends. Findings highlight transformation within friendships and suggest that it may be more accurate to conceptualize friendships as flexible rather than fragile.
Emotion Word Comprehension from 4 to 16 Years Old: A Developmental Survey

Background: Whilst previous studies have examined comprehension of the emotional lexicon at different ages in typically developing children, no survey has been conducted looking at this across different ages from childhood to adolescence. Purpose: To report how the emotion lexicon grows with age. Method: Comprehension of 336 emotion words was tested in n = 377 children and adolescents, aged 4–16 years old, divided into 6 age-bands. Parents or teachers of children under 12, or adolescents themselves, were asked to indicate which words they knew the meaning of. Results: Between 4 and 11 years old, the size of the emotional lexicon doubled every 2 years, but between 12 and 16 years old, developmental rate of growth of the emotional lexicon leveled off. This survey also allows emotion words to be ordered in terms of difficulty. Conclusions: Studies using emotion terms in English need to be developmentally sensitive, since during childhood there is considerable change. The absence of change after adolescence may be an artifact of the words included in this study. This normative developmental data-set for emotion vocabulary comprehension may be useful when testing for delays in this ability, as might arise for environmental or neurodevelopmental reasons.
Contact force control of a robotic hand using F/T sensory feedback with a rigid object

There have developed various robotic hands since the 1960's with the control theories. For a robotic hand, manipulating objects as human does is a quite difficult story and grasping or pinching objects should be preceded before manipulation. Those operations are based on interaction between robotic hand and arbitrary objects. It means how strongly a robotic hand grasps arbitrary object with stable and unbreaking motion when interactions occur. This paper attempts a grasping force control of a velocity controlled robotic hand using external Force/Torque (F/T) sensors. This control uses F/T sensor feedback and produces a command torque. Then, velocity-torque transformer converts a command torque into an input velocity to the robotic hand system. The algorithm is analyzed through an experiment that shows how a grasping force affects arbitrary objects and obtained competent results.
Integration of pre-normalized microarray data using quantile correction

An enormous amount of microarray data has been collected and accumulated in public repositories. Although some of the depositions include raw and processed data, significant parts of them include processed data only. If we need to combine multiple datasets for specific purposes, the data should be adjusted prior to use to remove bias between the datasets. We focused on a GeneChip platform and a pre-processing method, RMA, and examined simple quantile correction as the post-processing method for integration. Integration of the data pre-processed by RMA was evaluated using artificial spike-in datasets and real microarray datasets of atopic dermatitis and lung cancer. Studies using the spike-in datasets show that the quantile correction for data integration reduces the data quality at some extent but it should be acceptable level. Studies using the real datasets show that the quantile correction significantly reduces the bias. These results show that the quantile correction is useful for integration of multiple datasets processed by RMA, and encourage effective use of public microarray data.
A Real-time Beam Tracer with Application to Exact Soft Shadows

Efficiently calculating accurate soft shadows cast by area light sources remains a difficult problem. Ray tracing based approaches are subject to noise or banding, and most other accurate methods either scale poorly with scene geometry or place restrictions on geometry and/or light source size and shape. Beam tracing is one solution which has historically been considered too slow and complicated for most practical rendering applications. Beam tracing's performance has been hindered by complex geometry intersection tests, and a lack of good acceleration structures with efficient algorithms to traverse them. We introduce fast new algorithms for beam tracing, specifically for beam–triangle intersection and beam–kd-tree traversal. The result is a beam tracer capable of calculating precise primary visibility and point light shadows in real-time. Moreover, beam tracing provides full area elements instead of point samples, which allows us to maintain coherence through to secondary effects and utilize the GPU for high quality antialiasing and shading with minimal extra cost. More importantly, our analysis shows that beam tracing is particularly well suited to soft shadows from area lights, and we generate essentially exact noise-free soft shadows for complex scenes in seconds rather than minutes or hours.
A Distributed Sharing Model of the Browser Cache

Caching can improve the browser's efficiency, this paper proposes one distributed sharing model of the browser cache: each end-host's address and the website URL address are mapped to the identical key space, the storing information of the shared cache mapped to key k is saved on the same key k mapped end-host; it also presents a distributed lookup protocol with a constant (1) O hop per lookup request, in which one lookup request can mostly be transferred once before reaching the target node, that guarantees the browser's loading speed. Furthermore, we have built a prototype of the proposed model, and our experimental results demonstrate that it achieves a satisfied performance in the latency of response, hit-ratio, and memory overhead.
Distributed and Collaborative Estimation over Wireless Sensor Networks

A new distributed algorithm for cooperative estimation of a slowly time-varying signal using a wireless sensor network is presented. The estimate in each node is based on a so called consensus algorithm, which weights measurements and estimates of neighboring nodes. The algorithm is therefore scalable with the number of network nodes. It requires only limited information exchange between nodes and computations in each node. The weights are locally optimized based on a minimum variance criterion. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm exhibits good performance compared to other distributed algorithms proposed in the literature
Single continuous lumen formation in the zebrafish gut is mediated by smoothened-dependent tissue remodeling

The formation of a single lumen during tubulogenesis is crucial for the development and function of many organs. Although 3D cell culture models have identified molecular mechanisms controlling lumen formation in vitro, their function during vertebrate organogenesis is poorly understood. Using light sheet microscopy and genetic approaches we have investigated single lumen formation in the zebrafish gut. Here we show that during gut development multiple lumens open and enlarge to generate a distinct intermediate, which consists of two adjacent unfused lumens separated by basolateral contacts. We observed that these lumens arise independently from each other along the length of the gut and do not share a continuous apical surface. Resolution of this intermediate into a single, continuous lumen requires the remodeling of contacts between adjacent lumens and subsequent lumen fusion. We show that lumen resolution, but not lumen opening, is impaired in smoothened (smo) mutants, indicating that fluid-driven lumen enlargement and resolution are two distinct processes. Furthermore, we show that smo mutants exhibit perturbations in the Rab11 trafficking pathway and demonstrate that Rab11-mediated trafficking is necessary for single lumen formation. Thus, lumen resolution is a distinct genetically controlled process crucial for single, continuous lumen formation in the zebrafish gut.
National and European identity

On peut distinguer deux conceptions de l’identite nationale, l’une fondee sur le concept d’Etat-nation, l’autre qui s’appuie plutot sur des references culturelles, historiques ou ethniques. Partant des donnees de l’enquete International Social Survey Programme de 2003 relatives a l’identite nationale, l’article cherche a tester la prevalence de ces deux conceptions en Europe de l’Ouest et de l’Est. Les resultats ne corroborent pas l’hypothese d’une dualite des conceptions de l’identite nationale : les Europeens attachent autant d’importance aux dimensions politiques et aux dimensions culturelles de leur identite nationale. Si une distinction peut etre faite, c’est plutot entre les caracteristiques heritees et celles qui sont liees a l’engagement social et politique. Ces formes de participation constituent une composante centrale de l’identite nationale et expliquent la vitalite de l’attachement a la Nation.
The meaning of leisure in everyday life

Abstract One of the ongoing problems surrounding the whole area of leisure studies concerns conceptualization of the term leisure itself. Few empirical studies to date have looked at the meaning of leisure, and even fewer have incorporated a grounded theory approach. Using a symbolic interactionist framework, the present study employed a time‐diary technique combined with in‐depth interviews to explore perceptions of leisure situations among a random sample of married couples. The results showed that although leisure could be experienced during almost any type of activity, there was considerable consensus with regard to the perceptual factors associated with leisure situations. The factors shown to best differentiate leisure from non‐leisure were enjoyment, freedom of choice, relaxation, intrinsic motivation, and the lack of evaluation. None of these factors alone can be equated with the concept of leisure, but the combination of three or more factors leads to accurate predictions of the definition of sit.
High School Cheating in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina

Fenomen varanja u skolama u Hrvatskoj sveprisutan je, ali se o njemu malo govori, a jos manje istražuje. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi prevalenciju i prihvatljivost varanja, razloge zbog kojih se varanje javlja te postojanje eventualnih razlika u varanju s obzirom na državu u kojoj ucenici žive i stav o prihvatljivosti varanja. Ispitivanje je provedeno na uzorku od 390 ucenika srednjih skola u Republici Hrvatskoj (Zadar) i 353 ucenika srednjih skola u Bosni i Hercegovini (Žepce). Ucenici su tijekom jednoga skolskog sata popunili Upitnik sociodemografskih obilježja, Skalu varanja, Skalu razloga varanja i Upitnik percepcije socijalne nepravde. Rezultati su pokazali da je varanje u srednjim skolama visoko zastupljeno i u Hrvatskoj i u Bosni i Hercegovini. Razlozi zbog kojih se varanje javlja dijele se u dvije skupine: internalni i eksternalni. Ucenici u Republici Hrvatskoj skloniji su varanju u skoli i varanje im je prihvatljivije nego ucenicima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Oni ucenici kojima je varanje prihvatljivije vise varaju (u obje države), sto je u skladu s Turielovim modelom moralnosti koji pretpostavlja da ucenici na varanje ne gledaju kao na problem moralnosti, nego kao na jednostavno krsenje drustvenih normi.
Lively Streets

Increasingly, scholars suggest thinking of the street as a social space, rather than just a channel for movement. Studies that address the relationships between social behavior and environmental quality of the street tend to separate the study of physical features from land uses and hence do not address the interrelationships between behavioral patterns and physical features of the street and its sociability. This article is an empirical examination of behavioral responses of people to the environmental quality of neighborhood commercial streets. Structured and semistructured observations are used to study stationary, lingering, and social activities on three neighborhood commercial streets. Eleven land use and physical characteristics of buildings and the street are identified based on the literature review and extensive observations. These are measured and tested to understand which characteristics support stationary, lingering, and social activities. The findings reveal that people are equally concerned with the social, land use, and physical aspects of the street. Seating provided by businesses, seating provided by the public authorities, businesses that are community places, personalized street fronts, and sidewalk width particularly contribute to stationary and social activities on neighborhood commercial streets.