Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changing Perceptions: The Literacy Development of Children Prenatally 8xposed to Crack or Cocaine

This article presents an overview of 26 children prenatally exposed to crack or cocaine and a case study of one focal child. The article begins with a more global view that considers the literacy development of all of the children who were part of a longitudinal, multi-case study exploring their literacy development. Despite the prenatal drug exposure, each child was living in a stable foster or adoptive home situation. Each child was observed monthly either at home or at school over the 4 years of the study. The researcher's observations were enriched by the comments of parents, teachers, and children. The following developmental literacy concepts were systematically observed: drawing and writing, book knowledge, concept-of-word in print, book reading, and orthographic knowledge. This study describes the success in the development of literacy of the majority of the children as they moved through preschool and elementary school. The article then focuses on one child, Mario, whose case is typical of the children within the study. After 4 years, Mario was making satisfactory literacy progress commensurate with his peers in a regular school classroom. His literacy success was supported by the physical and emotional support of his foster mother and teachers, his determination to learn to read and write, and his positive adjustment to the expectations of his teachers.
Outside the Frame: Newspaper Coverage of the Sugar Ray Leonard Wife Abuse Story

This article analyzes the print media’s ideological framing of the 1991 story of boxer Sugar Ray Leonard’s admission of having physically abused his wife and abused cocaine and alcohol. We examined all news stories and editorials on the Leonard story in two major daily newspapers and one national sports daily. We found that all three papers framed the story as a “drug story,” while ignoring or marginalizing the “wife abuse” story. We argue that sports writers utilized an existing ideological “jocks-on-drugs” media package that framed this story as a moral drama of individual sin and public redemption. Finally, we describe and analyze the mechanisms through which the wife abuse story was ignored or marginalized.
Dimensions of Marital Quality and Retirement

This study examines whether the meaning of marital conflict and marital solidarity are affected by the transition to retirement, whether the retirement transition alters stability and variability of, and cross-spouse influences on, marital quality, and whether retirement influences latent means of marital quality. Data from both waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) addressed these questions (N= 407 couples for wives’ retirement, and N= 550 couples for husbands’ retirement). Results suggest that the structure of marital conflict is unaffected by husbands’and wives’transition to retirement, but that wives’ continued employment may be associated with greater conflict longitudinally. Husbands’ and wives’ constructs of marital solidarity differ from one another; they were unaffected by wives’ retirement but converged with husbands’ retirement through changes for each partner in the importance of joint time together and potential for divorce. Effects of the retirement transition are far subtler than previously believed.
Negative allosteric modulation of AMPA-preferring receptors by the selective isomer GYKI 53784 (LY303070), a specific non-competitive AMPA antagonist.

GYKI 53784 or LY303070 [(-)1-(4-aminophenyl)-4-methyl-7,8-methylenedioxy-4,5-dihydro-3-methylcarbamoyl-2,3-benzodiazepine] belongs to a new family of 2,3-benzodiazepine compounds (also called homophtalazines) selective and non-competitive antagonists at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors. These compounds include the original GYKI-52466, its more potent derivative GYKI 53655 and the active isomer of the latter, GYKI 53784. This review summarizes current knowledge of this novel AMPA antagonist: GYKI 53784. GYKI 53784 is the most potent of the compounds in the 2,3-benzodiazepine class, blocking AMPA receptor-mediated responses. In contrast to the compounds of the quinoxalinedione family, that block AMPA as well as kainate receptors, GYKI 53784 does not block the activation of kainate receptors. Furthermore, GYKI 53784 does not act at the same receptor site as positive AMPA modulators (i.e., cyclothiazide, BDP-12, 1-BCP or aniracetam). GYKI 53784 is a powerful neuroprotective agent in both in vitro and in vivo models of AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. In contrast to NMDA receptor antagonists, whose favorable clinical actions are compromised by important side effects such as the impairment of memory functions, the selective AMPA antagonist, GYKI 53784, may be of potential clinical value, both in acute (stroke and trauma) and chronic (Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy) neurological disorders.
The Relationship Between Detention Length, Living Group Climate, Coping, and Treatment Motivation Among Juvenile Delinquents in a Youth Correctional Facility

This study examined the relationship between detention length, living group climate, coping, and treatment motivation among 59 juvenile delinquents in a Dutch youth correctional facility. Longer detention was associated with the perception of a more open living group climate, but proved to be unrelated to coping and treatment motivation. A repressive group climate was positively associated with passive coping. A more open group climate was associated with both more active coping and greater treatment motivation. Finally, analyses showed that the relation between open group climate and treatment motivation was mediated by active coping. Thus, creating an open group climate to foster active coping and greater treatment motivation is probably one of the most important challenges for youth correctional facilities.
Testing Visual Attention in Dynamic Environments

We investigate attention as the active pursuit of useful information. This contrasts with attention as a mechanism for the attenuation of irrelevant information. We also consider the role of short-term memory, whose use is critical to any model incapable of simultaneously perceiving all information on which its output depends. We present several simple synthetic tasks, which become considerably more interesting when we impose strong constraints on how a model can interact with its input, and on how long it can take to produce its output. We develop a model with a different structure from those seen in previous work, and we train it using stochastic variational inference with a learned proposal distribution.
A sentiment analysis framework in implicit opinions for Thai language

Sentiment analysis has been adopted in several areas to gain insight into user feedbacks. Most existing approaches focus on explicit opinions whereas none contributes in implicit opinions expressed in Thai language. This paper presents a sentiment analysis framework in implicit opinions for Thai language. Evaluation results in representative domain of mobile device products show that the framework is relatively effective.
Inferring TCP connection characteristics through passive measurements

We propose a passive measurement methodology to infer and keep track of the values of two important variables associated with a TCP connection: the sender's congestion window (cwnd) and the connection round trip time (RTT). Together, these variables provide a valuable diagnostic of end-user-perceived network performance. Our methodology is validated via both simulation and concurrent active measurements, and is shown to be able to handle various flavors of TCP. Given our passive approach and measurement points within a Tier-1 network provider, we are able to analyze more than 10 million connections, with senders located in more than 45% of the autonomous systems in today's Internet. Our results indicate that sender throughput is frequently limited by a lack of data to send, that the TCP congestion control flavor often has minimal impact on throughput, and that the vast majority of connections do not experience significant variations in RTT during their lifetime
Cryptosporidium parvum Infections in Bergen, Norway, during an Extensive Outbreak of Waterborne Giardiasis in Autumn and Winter 2004

ABSTRACT During a large waterborne giardiasis outbreak in Norway, many diarrheic patients were found to have Cryptosporidium infections. Gene sequencing identified these infections as Cryptosporidium parvum infections, although they were not identical. Whether these infections were due to a simultaneous outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis or reflected background levels not normally detected is discussed.
Sounds, letters and meanings: the independent influences of phonological, morphological and orthographic skills on early word reading accuracy

This study was designed to examine the independent contributions of phonological awareness, orthographic processing and morphological awareness on early word reading. English-speaking children in Grades 1 and 3 completed measures of these three constructs, as well as standardised measures of real and pseudoword reading and of vocabulary. Each of the three reading-related variables made an independent contribution to both real and pseudoword reading. Independent contributions of phonological awareness (7–17%) were consistently larger than those of orthographic processing (5–10%) or of morphological awareness (1–2%). In terms of differences between the grades, there was particular evidence of an increase in greater contribution of orthographic processing to pseudoword reading at Grade 3 than at Grade 1. These findings are discussed in light of current models of reading development.
The Use of Single‐subject Research Methodology in Special Education

This paper discusses the importance and use of single‐subject experimental analysis for special education practitioners. Brief descriptions are presented for the basic N = 1 research designs available to evaluate instructional and treatment strategies. The ability of these designs to control threats to internal validity is examined and the present state of measuring and interpreting single‐subject data is described. Replication of studies is discussed as the ultimate test of the effectiveness of an intervention. The need for documentation of procedures and results is seen as a primary means for allowing practitioners to incorporate research and methodology into their own practices and as part of the process of developing an effective instructional technology for people with special education needs.
A resource constrained MPEG-7 driven rate control scheme for the H264/AVC

Currently no information about different shots has been used in the H264/AVC video coding standard. This kind of information can help use choose the size of GOPs and finally reduce the bit rate and PSNR fluctuation when video sequences have multiple shots. We developed an MPEG-7 based rate control scheme in H264/AVC standard. Our proposed scheme outperforms the rate control of the H264 AVC significantly in terms of reducing the average bit rate fluctuation (variance) by 7-60% and the average PSNR fluctuation (variance) by 24-90% between shots. It is also applicable in computationally and memory restricted devices since it needs maximum 2 frames buffer space for MPEG-7 descriptor calculation, while the average amount of extra processing is only 5.8% of the total CPU cycles.
The haemodilution enhanced onset of coagulation as measured by the thrombelastogram is transient

Background and objective: Crystalloid haemodilution has been widely found to enhance coagulation onset, but the duration of this effect has never been documented. Methods: Twelve healthy, consenting volunteers had a rapid infusion of 14 mL kg−1 of normal (0.9%) saline. Blood samples were taken, prior to (control), and immediately after (30 min) the rapid saline infusion was completed (30 min). They were then repeated at regular intervals up to 120 min. Haematocrit/platelet counts were taken to determine the degree of dilution and thrombelastograms, with and without platelet antagonists (ReoPro, Abciximab), were measured in all samples. Antithrombin levels were selectively measured. Results: The haematocrit and platelet count showed a rapid dilutional decrease at 30 min (mean of −12.2% and −14.4%, respectively), with values returning towards baseline within 15 min after finishing the infusion. There was a significantly faster onset of coagulation (decrease in r‐time) in the post‐infusion sample (30 min) compared to control (P < 0.05), again returning towards normal as the dilution effect was reversed. Similar thrombelastograms findings were evident in the plasma factor only group (platelets inhibited by ReoPro). Antithrombin levels changed in keeping with the haemodilution effect (P < 0.0001). There was a linear relationship between antithrombin and thrombelastograms r‐time (P = 0.012). Conclusion: The faster onset of coagulation brought on by haemodilution return towards normal as the dilutional effect is reversed. This effect is mediated through plasma clotting factors. Of interest is the significant inverse correlation of the onset of coagulation increasing as the antithrombin levels decreased with dilution.
Optimizing CRFs for SLU tasks in various languages using modified training criteria

In this paper, we present improvements of our state-of-the-art concept tagger based on conditional random fields. Statistical models have been optimized for three tasks of varying complexity in three languages (French, Italian, and Polish). Modified training criteria have been investigated leading to small improvements. The respective corpora as well as parameter optimization results for all models are presented in detail. A comparison of the selected features between languages as well as a close look at the tuning of the regularization parameter is given. The experimental results show in what level the optimizations of the single systems are portable between languages.
Decision Theory for Discrimination-Aware Classification

Social discrimination (e.g., against females) arising from data mining techniques is a growing concern worldwide. In recent years, several methods have been proposed for making classifiers learned over discriminatory data discrimination-aware. However, these methods suffer from two major shortcomings: (1) They require either modifying the discriminatory data or tweaking a specific classification algorithm and (2) They are not flexible w.r. t. discrimination control and multiple sensitive attribute handling. In this paper, we present two solutions for discrimination-aware classification that neither require data modification nor classifier tweaking. Our first and second solutions exploit, respectively, the reject option of probabilistic classifier(s) and the disagreement region of general classifier ensembles to reduce discrimination. We relate both solutions with decision theory for better understanding of the process. Our experiments using real-world datasets demonstrate that our solutions outperform existing state-of-the-art methods, especially at low discrimination which is a significant advantage. The superior performance coupled with flexible control over discrimination and easy applicability to multiple sensitive attributes makes our solutions an important step forward in practical discrimination-aware classification.
Horizontal traceability for just‐in‐time requirements: the case for open source feature requests

Agile projects typically employ just‐in‐time requirements engineering and record their requirements (so‐called feature requests) in an issue tracker. In open source projects, we observed large networks of feature requests that are linked to each other. Both when trying to understand the current state of the system and to understand how a new feature request should be implemented, it is important to know and understand all these (tightly) related feature requests. However, we still lack tool support to visualize and navigate these networks of feature requests. A first step in this direction is to see whether we can identify additional links that are not made explicit in the feature requests, by measuring the text‐based similarity with a vector space model (VSM) using term frequency‐inverse document frequency (TF‐IDF) as a weighting factor. We show that a high text‐based similarity score is a good indication for related feature requests. This means that with a TF‐IDF VSM, we can establish horizontal traceability links, thereby providing new insights for users or developers exploring the feature request space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypic plasticity in gene expression contributes to divergence of locally adapted populations of Fundulus heteroclitus

We examine the interaction between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation using muscle gene expression levels among populations of the fish Fundulus heteroclitus acclimated to three temperatures. Our analysis reveals shared patterns of phenotypic plasticity due to thermal acclimation as well as non‐neutral patterns of variation among populations adapted to different thermal environments. For the majority of significant differences in gene expression levels, phenotypic plasticity and adaptation operate on different suites of genes. The subset of genes that demonstrate both adaptive differences and phenotypic plasticity, however, exhibit countergradient variation of expression. Thus, expression differences among populations counteract environmental effects, reducing the phenotypic differentiation between populations. Finally, gene‐by‐environment interactions among genes with non‐neutral patterns of expression suggest that the penetrance of adaptive variation depends on the environmental conditions experienced by the individual.
1 Zero : Towards an educational object-oriented programming environment

– In this article, an ongoing research project held in the Computer Science department of the University of Vigo is described. Its main objective is to serve as a vehicle for learning object-oriented programming. It currently consists of a virtual machine, assembler and macroassembler, and an educational programming environment. Although it is not still finished completely. it has been successfully employed in a number of different courses. Its main characteristics are (a) the support of prototype-based object orientation, which is a model of object-orientation that actually wraps the class-based model; (b) the future support for object persistence, which simplifies to the minimum all input/output issues, and (c) the support of multiple platforms, through a portable bytecode. We the authors think that the combination of all of these possibilities, and the further development of this project will lead to an interesting, useful tool which would be recommended for object-oriented teaching. The simplicty of the prototype-based model of object orientation, the drammatic decrease in complexity for programs due to the direct support of persistence, and all facilities naturally provided by the feature of multiplatform support makes it the ideal tool for learning, allowing the educator to stress on the actually important issues of object oriented programming. INTRODOCUTION Nowadays, the programming language widely used in education when learning the object-oriented is Java [14]. While this language has proven as being good for industry, some drawbacks make it less appropriate for education [12]. To the autors' knowledge, there are not many studies about the suitability of programming languages for education. Probably the Blue project [12] is the more popular one. The Blue project team made a survey of relevant languages and finally they state that it is needed to create a new one, because the existing ones are not suitable for education. However, they finally dropped the so called Blue programming language [11], and finally adopted Java, developing BlueJ [10][20]. Although we the authors agree with the majority of the conclusions of the Blue project, we think that dynamicty (which normally excludes, apart from Kevo [18], strict typing and type safety [4]) can provide some advantages, such as the simplicty of the overall model [15]. Dynamic languages historically began their role in the object oriented programming paradigm with the apparition of Smalltalk [9]. But even more related to the system presented here, is the later apparition of Self [15]. It presented a model of …
Layout of graph visualizations

Preface My first memory of the subject of this thesis is my own ignorance. In Septem-ber 1995, Dorothea Wagner had arranged for the newer members of her working group to attend a symposium held in Passau. The theme of the event was manifested in its title, Graph Drawing, and I wasn't quite expecting to plunge into my new area of interest. After all, mathematicians and computer scientists were going to speak about pictures of binary relations. Things turned out different from what I expected, obviously. And it is my sincere hope that some of the excitement I find in graph visualization has found its way into this thesis. Taking us to this particular conference is only one good Dorothea Wagner did us. It is with great pleasure and deep gratitude that I acknowledge her supervision and support. She would teach me many different things (sometimes without even knowing), give me directions, listen to my outlandish ideas, let me go to conferences, introduce me to amazing people, and do all the other things a student can hope for, but never expect from his supervisor. Hopefully I can return at least some of this someday. Many people have contributed directly or indirectly to this thesis and I apologize for mentioning only a few. Thanks to Michael Kaufmann, who readily agreed to be a thesis reviewer, and Marc H. Scholl and Volker Schnei-der for joining my examination committee. From Graph Drawing '95 I returned to Konstanz with the urge to find graphs that would be interesting to visualize, and I vaguely recalled a friend mentioning " political networks " or such (credit goes to Natascha Füchtner). To make a long story short, by June 1996 an interdisciplinary project group was set up, starting to explore the visualization of social networks. Wagner was an invaluable experience from which I profited both professionally and personally. In similar, and sometimes also completely different, ways I benefited from 1 Financially supported by the Ausschuß für Forschungsfragen der Universität Kon-stanz.
Demo Abstract: Spaceify, an Edge Computing Platform for Web of Things

Despite the promise of Web of Things, the synergies between edge computing and the Web have remained largely unexplored. In this demonstration we present Spaceify, an edge computing platform for Web of Things. Spaceify features a web-based application programming model that grants web pages, originating from the Internet, controlled access to local resources. Local resources (Things) are represented by driver applications running on the edge node. The controlled access to local resources is implemented using spacelets, small edge applications that web pages can execute on the edge node on-demand. The spacelets can be selectively granted rights to call the APIs of the edge applications representing the local resources. Any mobile device connected to the local network with a modern web browser can utilize the resources in the space without the need of installing specific mobile applications, which makes Spaceify ideal for public spaces. In this demo, we demonstrate the Spaceify programming model with two use cases we have implemented that enable web pages originating from the Internet to interact with smart lights and big-screens in the space. Audience is invited to interact with the smart lights and the big-screen using the web browsers of their own mobile devices.