Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Controlling Target Features in Neural Machine Translation via Prefix Constraints

We propose prefix constraints, a novel method to enforce constraints on target sentences in neural machine translation. It places a sequence of special tokens at the beginning of target sentence (target prefix), while side constraints places a special token at the end of source sentence (source suffix). Prefix constraints can be predicted from source sentence jointly with target sentence, while side constraints (Sennrich et al., 2016) must be provided by the user or predicted by some other methods. In both methods, special tokens are designed to encode arbitrary features on target-side or metatextual information. We show that prefix constraints are more flexible than side constraints and can be used to control the behavior of neural machine translation, in terms of output length, bidirectional decoding, domain adaptation, and unaligned target word generation.
A Hybrid Holistic/Semantic Approach for Scene Classification

There are two main strategies to tackle scene classification: holistic and semantic. The former characterizes a scene using its global features, while the latter represents a scene by modeling its internal object configuration. Holistic strategy is good at representing scenes with simple contents, but it does not represent well complex scenes that consist of multiple objects. By contrast, semantic strategy is advantageous at recognizing scenes with complex objects, but it does not work well for simple scenes. In this paper, we propose to integrate holistic and semantic strategies to cope with scene classification. In particular, we exploit a deep learning algorithm to learn features for scene representation in the holistic way. For the semantic strategy, we explore a semantic spatial pyramid to represent the spatial object configuration of scenes. The holistic and semantic strategies are integrated using a method proposed by us. Experimental results on a benchmark natural scene dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed hybrid approach for scene classification, by comparing to several state-of-the-art algorithms.
Impact of Vitamin D Status on Cardiometabolic Complications among Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: There is an ongoing interest in the relationship between vitamin D status and diabetes control and complications. However, data from Saudi Arabia are limited. To determine the impact of vitamin D status on glycemic control and cardiometabolic complications of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) attending a tertiary care diabetes clinic in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 301 children and adolescent subjects with T1DM (53.5% females) of a mean age of 13.9 years attending King Abdulaziz Medical City-Jeddah during 2010-2013 were retrospectively collected. Relationships between vitamin D status and frequency of hypoglycemia, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and lipid profile were evaluated. Results: The mean duration of diabetes was 7.7±3.7 years. Mean BMI value was 21.1±4.5 kg/m2 and HbA1c was 9.6±1.9% in both genders. Only 26.2% of the patients had a satisfactory HbA1c level. The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was 35.15 and that of cholesterol was 4.75. Vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D≤37.5 nmol/L] was detected in 63.6% of the male and 67.7% of the female subjects. In males, it was inversely associated with frequency of hypoglycemia (p<0.01), BMI (p<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), and triglyceride levels (p<0.01), while in females, it was inversely associated with current age (p<0.05), age at diagnosis (p<0.01), and triglyceride levels (p<0.01). No significant correlation between HbA1c and vitamin D deficiency was observed. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in our study sample and was found to be associated with frequency of hypoglycemic episodes and with adverse cardiometabolic control.
Requirement of a critical period of GABAergic receptor blockade for induction of a cAMP‐mediated long‐term depression at CA3‐CA1 synapses

Previous reports show that bath application of the adenosine 3′ : 5′‐cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analog, Sp‐cAMPS, induces a protein kinase A (PKA)‐dependent and protein synthesis‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses. Recently, we reported a novel form of long‐term depression (LTD) induced by concurrent application of Sp‐cAMPS and picrotoxin, the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor antagonist. In the present study, we further investigated the mechanisms underlying such cAMP‐mediated LTD. Synaptically connected CA3 and CA1 cells of hippocampal slice cultures were impaled by sharp electrodes. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded from a CA1 pyramidal cell were evoked by single action potentials in a CA3 cell. Picrotoxin was applied to slices at various time points after Sp‐cAMPS was perfused. We found that Sp‐cAMPS‐induced potentiation could be converted to depression when picrotoxin was applied within 30 min after perfusion of Sp‐cAMPS. Picrotoxin applied 1 h after perfusion of Sp‐cAMPS had no effect on Sp‐cAMPS‐induced synaptic potentiation. Once LTP was induced by Sp‐cAMPS and expressed for 1 h, the subsequent application of Sp‐cAMPS and picrotoxin produced no new changes in synaptic strength. Also, once LTD was induced and expressed for 1 h, subsequent Sp‐cAMPS produced no new changes in synaptic strength. These findings suggest that a synapse is committed irreversibly to cAMP‐mediated LTP or LTD during a critical period and that later signals cannot interconvert these two fates. Synapse 49:12–19, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survival of red blood cells after transfusion: a comparison between red cells concentrates of different storage periods

BACKGROUND: The use of fresh red blood cells (RBCs) is recommended for critically ill patients and patients undergoing surgery, although there is no conclusive evidence that this is beneficial. In this follow‐up study, the short‐term and the long‐term recovery of irradiated, leukoreduced RBCs transfused after either a short storage (SS) or a long storage (LS) period were compared. By consecutive transfusion of RBCs with a SS and LS period, a direct comparison of their survival within the same patient was possible.
Effect of Preoperative Brace Treatment on the Mental Health Scores of SRS-22 and SF-36 Questionnaire in Surgically Treated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients

Study Design:Retrospective study. Objectives:The aim of this study was to analyze whether there were differences in mental health scores of Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire between adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with/without preoperative brace treatment. Summary of Background Data:Mental health is an important domain of SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaire. There are few studies focused on the effect of preoperative brace treatment on mental health in surgically treated AIS patients. Materials and Methods:The SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires of 211 AIS patients who underwent posterior correction surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The average age of the patients was 14.4 years (range, 11–18 y), and the patients were classified into 2 groups: with preoperative brace treatment (group BS-32 cases, 5 male and 27 female) and without preoperative brace treatment (group S-179 cases, 23 male and 156 female). The radiographic data and mental health scores of SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires were compared between the 2 groups. Results:There was no significant difference in terms of height, rib hump, the mean preoperative coronal Cobb angle or apical vertebral translation of the major curve, sagittal thoracic kyphosis, or coronal trunk balance between group BS and group S (all P>0.05). The average and total mental health scores of SRS-22 between group BS and group S were 3.6±0.7 and 3.7±0.5, and 18.1±3.5 and 18.3±2.6, respectively. The total mental health scores of SF-36 between group BS and group S were 71.1±8.7 and 68.7±11.5, respectively. There was no significant difference with regard to the mental health scores of SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires between group BS and group S (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Preoperative brace treatment did not have obvious influence on the mental health scores of SRS-22 and SF-36 questionnaires in surgically treated AIS patients.
Advances in EBG-resonator antenna research

Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) materials can be successfully employed to improve the performances of antennas [1], [2]. When used as planar reflectors, as substrates, or as high-impedance ground-planes, they are able to eliminate the drawbacks of conducting ground-planes, to prevent the propagation of surface waves, also allowing a lowering of the antenna profile, and to improve the radiation efficiency. In EBG resonator antennas, instead, an EBG is employed as a superstrate on a primary radiator, backed with a ground plane, and its main effect is a considerable increase in the directivity [3]. It is also possible to obtain a highly-directive antenna by embedding a source in an EBG working near its band-gap edge, thanks to the limited angular propagation allowed.
Search strategies in multimodal image retrieval

This paper reports on a study on search strategies in multimodal image retrieval. We analyzed the queries and search tactics employed by image journalism professionals and non-professionals in a user test. Transaction log data show that searchers are able to combine up to four query modes into a query. Most queries combined at least two of the modes (text, color, sketch, quality, and category). Task type was shown to affect the choice of which modes to employ. Known item and data search tasks led to queries combining text, color and category modes. Visually cued tasks resulted in searches combining several content-based and textual modes. Conceptual tasks led to a large number of queries by text and category only. User background also significantly affected the types of queries constructed. Professionals used the color mode more whereas non-professionals drew more sketches. Non-professionals were more likely to switch query modes whereas professionals edited the content of their queries. We described the search processes with Markov models and maximal repeating patterns. Common patterns and probable transitions dealt with querying, inspecting result images and saving them into the workspace or iterating queries of the same type. The results indicate a need to support multimodal image query formulation.
Protection System Considerations for 400 kV Series Compensated Transmission Lines of the Central Western Network in Venezuela

The main aspects considered in the protection system associated with the Series Compensation Project of the Central Western 400 kV network in Venezuela are presented. Previous studies had determined that, for some fault conditions, phenomena such as voltage reversal and subsynchronous resonance would take place in that series compensated network. Those phenomena could affect the performance of conventional distance protections. New protection equipments, capable of an appropriate operation in networks with series compensation, were used to replace conventional distance protections. In addition, to guarantee correct relay performance, existing solid state distance relays LZ96, belonging to the 765 kV line Arenosa Yaracuy, were adapted through the installation of special modules. It was necessary to use particular criteria to set the new distance protections, being the main aspects a considerable reduction of first zone settings in some critical lines and an increasing dependency of communication channels for fault clearing
Adaptive responses of vascular wall to fluid shear stress induced by blood flow

The adaptive responses of the vascular wall to blood flow changes determine the flow-radius relationship in the vessel tree. The in vivo experiments using the arterie-venous shunt or partial occlusion of the artery demonstrated that the biomechanical factor inducing such responses is the wall shear stress elicited by blood flow. The in vitro experiments employing cultured vascular endothelial cells clarified that the endothelial cell has the sensing mechanism to the fluid shear stress inducing the response of intracellular free Ca++ (the second messenger of the internal signalling system) and the information transmitted to organielles modify not only the function and morphology of the endothelium but also those of the smooth muscle cells.
Purification and biochemical characterization of interchromatin granule clusters

Components of the pre‐mRNA splicing machinery are localized in interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs) and perichromatin fibrils (PFs). Here we report the biochemical purification of IGCs. Approximately 75 enriched proteins were present in the IGC fraction. Protein identification employing a novel mass spectrometry strategy and peptide microsequencing identified 33 known proteins, many of which have been linked to pre‐mRNA splicing, as well as numerous uncharacterized proteins. Thus far, three new protein constituents of the IGCs have been identified. One of these, a 137 kDa protein, has a striking sequence similarity over its entire length to UV‐damaged DNA‐binding protein, a protein associated with the hereditary disease xeroderma pigmentosum group E, and to the 160 kDa subunit of cleavage polyadenylation specificity factor. Overall, these results provide a key framework that will enable the biological functions associated with the IGCs to be elucidated.
Modeling Urban Land Use Changes Using Support Vector Machines

Support Vector Machines (SVM) is a machine learning (ML) algorithm commonly applied to the classification of remotely sensing data and more recently for modeling land use changes. However, in most geospatial applications the current literature does not elaborate on specifications of the SVM method with respect to data sampling, attribute selection and optimal parameters choices. Therefore the main objective of this study is to present and investigate the SVM technique for modeling urban land use change. The SVM model building procedure is presented together with the detailed evaluation of the output results with respect to the choice of datasets, attributes and the change of SVM parameters. Geospatial datasets containing nine land use classes and spatial attributes for the Municipality of Zemun, Republic of Serbia were used for years 2001, 2003, 2007 and 2011. The Correlation‐based Feature Subset method, kappa coefficient, Area Under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) and kappa simulation were used to perform the model evaluation and compare the model outputs with the real land use datasets. The obtained results indicate that the SVM‐based models perform better when implementing balanced data sampling, reduced data sets to informative subsets of attributes and properly identify the optimal learning parameters.
A LIGHTWEIGHT MECHANISM FOR MUTUAL AUTHENTICATION IN SMART GRID

Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI) is a critical component of smart grid, which, if compromised has serious impacts on the safety of utility and consum ers. Message authentication is a serious problem and eac h message should authenticate and receiver checks tha t message come from a real sender and has no forgery during the transmission. For achieving this major w e design two protocols, in first protocol we initiall y process with mutual authentication between sender a nd receiver then in second protocol messages between them are authenticate. Without authentication; an attacker can modify the message, forge a new messag e, or replay an old message to do the malicious operat ion. The current solutions for authentication like, trad itional public key based digital signatures like RSA have h eavy computation and are not suitable for resource constraint devices like smart meter. In this paper, we exploit a mathematical problem ca lled balls and bins algorithm in randomized algorithms t opic
Wind turbines emulating inertia and supporting primary frequency control

The increasing penetration of variable-speed wind turbines in the electricity grid will result in a reduction of the number of connected conventional power plants. This will require changes in the way the grid frequency is controlled. In this letter, a method is proposed to let variable-speed wind turbines emulate inertia and support primary frequency control. The required power is obtained from the kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of the turbine blades.
Do daily retail gasoline prices adjust asymmetrically?

This paper analyses adjustments in the Dutch retail gasoline prices. We estimate an error correction model on changes in the daily retail price for gasoline (taxes excluded) for the period 1996–2004, taking care of volatility clustering by estimating an EGARCH model. It turns out that the volatility process is asymmetrical: a positive shock to the retail price has a greater effect on the variance of the retail price than a negative shock. We conclude that the retail price and the spot price do not drift apart in the long run. However, there is a faster reaction to upward changes in spot prices than to downward changes in spot prices in the short run. This asymmetry starts 3 days after the change in the spot price and lasts for 4 days.
Clonidine in the treatment of mixed bipolar disorder

ABSTRACT In a mixed bipolar disorder patient, DST‐positive, treated with neuroleptics and antidepressants, the addition of clonidine (up to 0.6 mg/day) caused a rapid improvement in his psychopathology, without any significant side effects. The concentrations of the metabolites of noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin (MHPG, HVA, and 5‐HIAA), the hormone prolactin and the activity of dopamine‐beta‐hydroxylase estimated in plasma during the clonidine trial are also reported.
Auditory-Inspired Speech Envelope Extraction Methods for Improved EEG-Based Auditory Attention Detection in a Cocktail Party Scenario

This paper considers the auditory attention detection (AAD) paradigm, where the goal is to determine which of two simultaneous speakers a person is attending to. The paradigm relies on recordings of the listener’s brain activity, e.g., from electroencephalography (EEG). To perform AAD, decoded EEG signals are typically correlated with the temporal envelopes of the speech signals of the separate speakers. In this paper, we study how the inclusion of various degrees of auditory modelling in this speech envelope extraction process affects the AAD performance, where the best performance is found for an auditory-inspired linear filter bank followed by power law compression. These two modelling stages are computationally cheap, which is important for implementation in wearable devices, such as future neuro-steered auditory prostheses. We also introduce a more natural way to combine recordings (over trials and subjects) to train the decoder, which reduces the dependence of the algorithm on regularization parameters. Finally, we investigate the simultaneous design of the EEG decoder and the audio subband envelope recombination weights vector using either a norm-constrained least squares or a canonical correlation analysis, but conclude that this increases computational complexity without improving AAD performance.
Archaeology, genetics and a population bottleneck in prehistoric Finland

The long-term history of prehistoric populations is a challenging but important subject that can now be addressed through combined use of archaeological and genetic evidence. In this study a multidisciplinary team uses these approaches to document the existence of a major population bottleneck in Finland during the Late Neolithic period, the effects of which are still detectable in the genetic profile of the Finnish population today. The postglacial recolonisation of Finland was tracked through space and time using radiocarbon dates and stone artefact distributions to provide a robust framework of evidence against which the genetic simulations could be compared.
Effect of steroid receptor antagonist RU 486 ( mifepristone ) on Chlamydophila pneumoniae in IFN-induced persistent infection model with epithelial HEp-2 cells

Title Effect of the steroid receptor antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) on an IFNγ-induced persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection model in epithelial HEp-2 cells Author(s) Ishida, Kasumi; Yamazaki, Tomohiro; Motohashi, Kazuki; Kobayashi, Miho; Matsuo, Junji; Osaki, Takako; Hanawa, Tomoko; Kamiya, Shigeru; Yamamoto, Yoshimasa; Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Citation Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 18(1): 22-29 Issue Date 2012-02 Doc URL http://hdl.handle. net/2115/48266 Rights The original publication is available at www.springerlink. com Type article (author version) File Information Yamaguchi_Effect_collected3. pdf
Evidence for an association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism with sporadic colorectal cancer risk in Isfahan

BACKGROUND : A common polymorphism at codon 72 of TP53 gene has been associated with increased risk for many human cancers. We studied this TP53 polymorphism in colorectal adenocarcinomas in small population selected from Isfahan city. METHODS : Samples: We undertook a case-control study on 180 controls and 180 paraffin block specimens of sporadic colorectal adenocarcinomas. PCR amplification of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism: TP53 codon 72 genotypes were detected by PCR using specific primer pairs for amplifying the Proline or the Arginine alleles. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: The 42-test was used to assess the significance of any difference in the prevalence of TP53 codon 72 polymorphism between colorectal cancer patients and controls. RESULTS : In control samples, the genotype distribution for TP53 polymorphism showed 28.3%, 48.9% and 22.8% for the Arginine/Arginine, Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes, respectively. In the cancer group 40% of the cases were Arginine/Arginine, 42.2% were Arginine/Proline and 17.8% were Proline/Proline. A significant difference between cases and controls was found for the Arginine/Arginine genotype compared with (grouped) Arginine/Proline and Proline/Proline genotypes (Odds Ratio = 1.686 (1.085-2.620), P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS : TP53 codon 72 polymorphism may be a genetic predisposing factor for colorectal adenocarcinomas in Isfahan city. KEYWORDS : Colorectal adenocarcinoma, TP53, Arginine, Proline, Polymorphism.
Traumatic optic neuropathy: a review of the current literature

Purpose of review Traumatic optic neuropathy is common clinical problem for neuro-ophthalmologists, without evidence-based guidelines regarding evaluation and therapy. Although no large natural history or randomized controlled trial has been published, corticosteroid therapy, surgical decompression or observation remains the mainstays of therapy. Recent findings Additional research is ongoing, concerning medications and therapies to enhance visual recovery following trauma; future treatments may concern neuroprotective factors and retinal ganglion cell regeneration. Summary A randomized control trial would likely provide the best understanding of the disease as well as reliable treatment guide.