Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PI 3 P binding by Atg 21 organises Atg 8 lipidation

Autophagosome biogenesis requires two ubiquitin-like conjugation systems. One couples ubiquitin-like Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine, and the other couples ubiquitin-like Atg12 to Atg5. Atg12~Atg5 then forms a heterodimer with Atg16. Membrane recruitment of the Atg12~Atg5/Atg16 complex defines the Atg8 lipidation site. Lipidation requires a PI3P-containing precursor. How PI3P is sensed and used to coordinate the conjugation systems remained unclear. Here, we show that Atg21, a WD40 b-propeller, binds via PI3P to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS). Atg21 directly interacts with the coiled-coil domain of Atg16 and with Atg8. This latter interaction requires the conserved F5K6-motif in the N-terminal helical domain of Atg8, but not its AIM-binding site. Accordingly, the Atg8 AIM-binding site remains free to mediate interaction with its E2 enzyme Atg3. Atg21 thus defines PI3Pdependently the lipidation site by linking and organising the E3 ligase complex and Atg8 at the PAS.
Applying the VAIC™ model to Australian hotels

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the extent to which intellectual capital (IC) adds value to a service provider and presents an approach for interpreting the results.Design/methodology/approach – The value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC™) model is used to determine the relevant elements of intellectual capital because it employs existing financial data. The number of subjects was restricted to two companies operating in the Australian hotel industry over a four‐year period (2004‐2007). Findings – The VAIC™ model provides a robust tool for assessing the efficient use of intellectual capital. The model can be used by management to assess their own organisation's performance without having to rely upon industry standards.Research limitations/implications – The data derived from published financial statements and the limitations associated with accounting standards may be questionable. However, the financial statements were subject to external audit verification. The restricted number of companies is.
PHEXdb, a locus‐specific database for mutations causing X‐linked hypophosphatemia

X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a dominant disorder of phosphate (Pi) homeostasis characterized by growth retardation, rachitic and osteomalacic bone disease, hypophosphatemia, and renal defects in Pi reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism. The gene responsible for XLH was identified by positional cloning and designated PHEX (formerly PEX) to depict a Phosphate regulating gene with homology to Endopeptidases on the X chromosome. To date, 131 mutations in the PHEX gene have been reported. We undertook to centralize information on mutations in the PHEX gene by establishing a database search tool, PHEXdb (http://data.mch.mcgill.ca/phexdb). This site is dedicated to the collection and distribution of information on PHEX mutations, and is accessible to the scientific community. PHEXdb provides a submission form to allow the addition of newly identified mutations in the PHEX gene. Users can search the database by mutation, phenotype, and authors who have published or submitted mutations. The PHEXdb home page includes links to information pages, which refer to recent publications on PHEX, XLH, and murine Hyp and Gy homologues, and to other web pages relevant to XLH. This resource will facilitate the identification of PHEX structure‐function relationships and phenotype‐genotype correlations. Hum Mutat 16:1–6, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monetary stability and financial development in Sub-Saharan countries

We analyze the interrelation between monetary stability and financial structure in 20 Sub-Saharan economies. Using a panel data set we estimate the impact of monetary stability and financial development on income per capita. Special interest is given to the conditions of the so-called CFA-countries, that have a fixed exchange rate vis-a-vis the French franc. Is the impact of the financial system development in these countries bigger than in non-CFA countries? We measure monetary uncertainty using an auxiliary (G)ARCH model of monthly inflation. For financial development we take both the role of M2 as credit to the private sector into account. Our sample covers the years 1970-1997. We estimate growth regressions in three different forms: cross-section, interval, and a pooled model. We do find that inflationary uncertainty is relevant for growth of GDP per capita. Financial development is relevant in the low data-frequency models. The differences between CFA and non-CFA countries become apparent in the interval and pooled models. CFA-countries seem to rely more on credit in the interval model. Moreover, in the years 1985-1993 non-CFA countries seemed to suffer more from inflationary uncertainty.
[Tuberculosis in children and adolescents].

Tuberculosis (TB) in children and adolescents differs markedly from that in adults. This Guideline has been revised to reflect current evidence regarding risk of infection and infectivity, and to provide guidance on the diagnosis, preventative therapy and treatment of tuberculosis in children and adolescents. Document type Guideline Document number GL2005_060 Publication date 27 April 2005 Author branch Communicable Diseases Branch contact 9391 9277 Review date 17 December 2018 Policy manual Patient Matters File number 03/585 Previous reference N/A Status Review Functional group Clinical/Patient Services Infectious Diseases, Baby and Child, Medical Treatment Population Health Communicable Diseases Applies to Area Health Services/Chief Executive Governed Statutory Health Corporation, Board Governed Statutory Health Corporations, Affiliated Health Organisations, Affiliated Health Organisations Declared, Community Health Centres, Public Hospitals Distributed to Public Health System, Community Health Centres, Divisions of General Practice, Government Medical Officers, NSW Ambulance Service, Ministry of Health, Public Health Units, Public Hospitals, Private Hospitals and Day Procedure Centres Audience PHO Guideline
AGE AND PSYCHOSIS IN DEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA

Among psychiatric inpatients with primary degenerative dementia, those with psychotic symptoms (N=20) were older than those without (N=20) (t=3.48; p<0.001). Persecutory delusions were the most frequent psychotic phenomena. Duration of dementia overlapped, but scores on the Global Deterioration Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia were lower in the psychotic group after correcting for age. The limited literature concerning demographic and clinical correlates of psychosis in dementia is reviewed; the age difference noted is consistent with two other reports. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumption and housing wealth breakdown of the effect of a rise in interest rates

In this article the effect on consumption of a fall in housing wealth and housing prices, resulting from an increase in interest rates is estimated. With the help of a dynamic multiequation, macroeconomic model, the consumer response function is broken down into two parts: a direct response related to a rise in the cost of credit and another indirect one related to the deterioration of the property market. Estimation of the theoretical model is done by means of a Vectorial Error-Correction (VEC) model.
Procrastinators and Hyperbolic Discounters: Probability of Transition from Temporary to Full-time Employment

Temporary agency work (TAW) is believed to facilitate the matching between firms and on-the-job searchers. This leads to shortening of the unemployment and job search duration. On the other hand, firms that hire temporary workers have less incentive to train them, which makes it difficult for low-skilled temporary workers to find a better job in future. Current literature has not established whether TAW employment improves the welfare of either or both the employers and employees. Therefore, this paper examines the effect of TAW employment in the Japanese labor market on employment transitions focusing on individual time preferences. Investments in one’s career involve a trade-off between immediate costs and later rewards, and thus, individual heterogeneity in time preferences may explain the behavioral patterns of labor force. We find that TAW employees have a tendency toward impatience and hyperbolic discounting. In addition, those who have held temporary job are less likely to move into full-time job positions, but no significant wage differences are observed. The strength of the negative effects on the transition probabilities declines over time but the significant effects remain over the following years. Our results indicate that TAW for employees in Japan is more likely to function as a “dead-end” rather than “stepping stone” toward stable full-time employment.
Information Technology Workers in the Federal Service

Does the federal service face more serious problems in recruiting, motivating, and retaining high-quality information technology (IT) professionals and administrators (PAs) than it does other PAs? Using a 1% sample of federal personnel records for 1976-2003, we compare the turnover rates, qualifications, and performance ratings of federal IT and other PAs and examine the flexibility of the federal service to raise IT pay in a tight labor market. Federal IT workers do not have ideal qualifications; however, their performance ratings are as high and their turnover rates are as low as other PAs, perhaps because the federal service hires IT PAs at higher grade levels, promotes them faster, and pays them more than other comparably educated and experienced PAs.
Naval Ship-to-Shore High Temperature Superconducting Power Transmission Cable Feasibility

The process to establish shore power connectivity for a naval ship requires the use of numerous copper cables extending from power substations on the pier to receptacles on board the ship. The copper cables are very heavy, cumbersome, and hard to handle. The weight of the cables requires a coordinated effort between a crew on the pier, and a crew on the ship. In many instances , handling these cables requires the use of a crane or a boom truck to extend them from the pier-side power substations up to the ship's connection point. A feasibility study has been conducted to investigate the use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables to transmit power from land based power substations to naval ships. Since a single HTS cable can replace an array of copper cables, the time required to connect a ship to shore power would be decreased therefore reducing the amount of time the ship must run its generators. The reduction in weight will also enhance safety for the personnel handling the cables.
The challenges in making electronic health records accessible to patients

It is becoming increasingly apparent that there is a tension between growing consumer demands for access to information and a healthcare system that may not be prepared to meet these demands. Designing an effective solution for this problem will require a thorough understanding of the barriers that now stand in the way of giving patients electronic access to their health data. This paper reviews the following challenges related to the sharing of electronic health records: cost and security concerns, problems in assigning responsibilities and rights among the various players, liability issues and tensions between flexible access to data and flexible access to physicians.
Performance evaluation, public management improvement and democratic accountability

The results-oriented management reforms fostered by the New Public Management movement are often argued to emphasize the search for efficiency, quality and other typical market values at the expense of democratic accountability. On the other hand, challenging this view, some authors claim that results-based management reforms have the potential to enhance political accountability and representative democracy. There is however, limited empirical evidence of this relationship. This article uses some of the findings from a comparative study of public management evaluation systems in four Latin American countries to illuminate this relationship in practice. We discuss the fact that, in two of the four countries surveyed, the design features of the new systems were based on the explicit search for increased political accountability and the deepening of democracy. We also discuss the possible causes for the finding that the outcome and performance information generated is not being applied for decision-making purposes yet, as expected.
How Do Universities Contribute to Employment Growth? The Role of Human Capital and Knowledge Bases

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse whether employment growth is faster in regions housing a university compared to non-university regions. We argue that universities per se are less likely to trigger externalities that facilitate employment growth. Instead, we propose that it depends on the concentration of different skills in that particular region. This is analysed by running a number of ordinary least squares regressions, based on official data on a municipal level from Statistics Sweden, on how concentrations of human capital, analytic, synthetic and symbolic knowledge bases in Swedish university regions influence employment growth in 2002–2008. The results indicate that the presence of universities per se does not influence employment growth. However, the findings suggest that university regions with high concentrations of human capital and, in particular, with employees characterized by the synthetic knowledge base, show higher growth rates. This implies that the influence of universities on employment is greatest in regions with high concentrations of skills able to apply the knowledge created in universities. Consequently, the regional composition of skills needs to match the knowledge produced by universities for significant university-induced spillovers to occur.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Releasate Inhibits Inflammatory Processes in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has recently been postulated as a treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). Although anabolic effects of PRP on chondrocytes are well documented, no reports are known addressing effects on cartilage degeneration. Since OA is characterized by a catabolic and inflammatory joint environment, the authors investigated whether PRP was able to counteract the effects of such an environment on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Hypothesis: Platelet-rich plasma inhibits inflammatory effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human osteoarthritic chondrocytes were cultured in the presence of IL-1 beta to mimic an osteoarthritic environment. Medium was supplemented with 0%, 1%, or 10% PRP releasate (PRPr, the active releasate of PRP). After 48 hours, gene expression of collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)4, ADAMTS5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS)2 was analyzed. Additionally, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, nitric oxide (NO) production, and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation were studied. Results: Platelet-rich plasma releasate diminished IL-1 beta–induced inhibition of COL2A1 and ACAN gene expression. The PRPr also reduced IL-1 beta–induced increase of ADAMTS4 and PTGS2 gene expression. ADAMTS5 gene expression and GAG content were not influenced by IL-1 beta or additional PRPr. Matrix metalloproteinase 13 gene expression and NO production were upregulated by IL-1 beta but not affected by added PRPr. Finally, PRPr reduced IL-1 beta–induced NFκB activation to control levels containing no IL-1 beta. Conclusion: Platelet-rich plasma releasate diminished multiple inflammatory IL-1 beta–mediated effects on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes, including inhibition of NFκB activation. Clinical Relevance: Platelet-rich plasma releasate counteracts effects of an inflammatory environment on genes regulating matrix degradation and formation in human chondrocytes. Platelet-rich plasma releasate decreases NFκB activation, a major pathway involved in the pathogenesis of OA. These results encourage further study of PRP as a treatment for OA.
Perception of dyspnea during exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

UNLABELLED After strenuous physical exercise, many subjects show a significant bronchoconstriction and report dyspnea. Despite this clinical condition being a commonly encountered situation during daily life, which may be responsible for substantial disability there is little information on the relationship between the perception of dyspnea and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) after a standardized exercise challenge. For these reasons, we evaluated 200 consecutive outpatients (median age 13 years, ranging from 5 to 56 years) referred to our laboratory to perform an exercise test out of suspicion of EIB. On exercise challenge, perception of dyspnea was rated on a modified bipolar Borg scale immediately before each FEV1 measurement. Sixty-nine (35%) subjects had a positive exercise challenge, defined as a decrease of at least 20% in FEV1 from baseline. Both the onset and the decay of dyspnea preceded those of bronchoconstriction. Overall, the rating of dyspnea in the laboratory was well related with the reports of exercise-related symptoms. Similarly, 36 of 77 (47%) asthmatics with a history of exertional symptoms and 24 of 65 patients (40%) without a history had a positive challenge. Asthmatics reporting exertional symptoms perceived a greater magnitude of dyspnea after exercise independently from the degree of bronchoconstriction. Overall, dyspnea was significantly but loosely correlated to the magnitude of decrease in FEV1, being also influenced by age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that dyspnea recorded in the laboratory after exercise test is related to exertional symptoms reported during real life, but not completely related to EIB. The rating of dyspnea is a well-suited model to study naturally occurring exercise-induced dyspnea and a useful tool to enlarge the results of an exercise challenge.
Physiologic Consequences of Glucose Transport and Phosphoenolpyruvate Node Modifications in Bacillus subtilis 168

The phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) node is an important carbon distribution point in the central metabolic networks; therefore, its modification is a common strategy employed for developing microbial production strains. In this study, mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were generated with deletions of pykA (which encodes pyruvate kinase), ptsG (which encodes the glucose-specific IICBAGlc component) or the ptsGHI operon [which encodes IICBAGlc, HPr protein and enzyme I from the PEP:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS)]. These modifications caused a reduction in the initial rate of [14C]-glucose import, corresponding to 10.99, 2.83 and 0.50% of that found in B. subtilis 168 for strains with inactive pykA, ptsG or ptsGHI genes, respectively. Characterization of derivative strains lacking 3-dehydroquinate synthase activity showed that inactivation of pykA leads to an 8-fold increase in carbon flow to the common aromatic pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses of 76 genes from several functional classes revealed a carbon starvation transcriptional pattern that includes a partial gluconeogenic response and overexpression of genes encoding non-PTS glucose importers in the strains lacking functional pykA, ptsG or ptsGHI genes. A transcriptional response consistent with pyruvate limitation was also detected, which includes upregulation of genes encoding malic enzymes that generate pyruvate from malate.
Global service quality of business-to-consumer electronic-commerce

The sustainability and expansion of electronic-commerce (EC) depends on several factors. In the absence of physical cues from a direct person-to-person transaction, service quality plays a significant role in EC. Therefore, exploring the service quality factors of EC and their possible impact on customers' behaviour in a global context is a broad area to investigate and understand. However, the existing frameworks do not appear to be quite adequate to determine all relevant service quality dimensions for business-to-consumer (B2C) EC and to conceptualise these dimensions to form a comprehensive model. This led to conceptualising the theories and concepts that contribute to developing the fundamental paradigms of service quality frameworks of B2C EC. We also developed a theoretical framework of the service quality dimensions of EC (GSQ-EC Model) in the global context with a detailed definition of constructs and measuring scale items.
Forecasting container transshipment in Germany

In this article, we examine container transshipment at German ports using the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model and the Holt–Winters exponential smoothing approach. Our models are designed especially to take account of the seasonal behaviour of the quarterly data used. We consider the dynamic development in this sector for the whole container throughput and also the destinations Asia, Europe and North America, which are the world's three main economic regions. Our data runs from the first quarter of 1989 to the fourth quarter of 2006. We provide detailed quarterly forecasts for the years 2007 and 2008. According to forecasting error measures such as mean square error and Theil's U, the SARIMA-approach yields slightly better values of modelling the container throughput than the exponential smoothing approach. Our forecast results indicate further strong growth for German container handling in total and especially for the destinations Asia and Europe. Only the container transshipment between Germany and North America shows rather small increases up to the end of 2008.
Association between independent audit committee members' human‐resource features and underpricing: The case of Singapore IPOs from 1997‐2006

Purpose – The primary objective of this paper is to examine the association between the seven human‐resource features (spanning three major themes: qualifications and credentials; business and initial public offering (IPO) launch experience; and diversity) of independent audit committee members and the level of underpricing.Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 410 Singapore IPOs listing on the stock exchange of Singapore from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2006 was used.Findings – Empirical results overall suggest no overwhelming association between the human‐resource features of IPO audit committees and underpricing. Rather, the findings suggest only some specific human‐resource features (e.g. presence of an independent audit committee member with accounting qualifications and credentials) are of significance. Others (e.g. gender diversity of independent audit committee members) have little or no association. Also, results do not suggest a major category of human‐resource features (i.e. qualificati.