Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Independent Effects of Local and Global Binocular Disparity on the Perceived Convexity of Stereoscopically Presented Faces in Scenes

Evidence suggests that experiencing the hollow-face illusion involves perceptual reversal of the binocular disparities associated with the face even though the rest of the scene appears unchanged. This suggests stereoscopic processing of object shape may be independent of scene-based processing of the layout of objects in depth. We investigated the effects of global scene-based and local object-based disparity on the compellingness of the perceived convexity of the face. We took stereoscopic photographs of people in scenes, and independently reversed the binocular disparities associated with the head and scene. Participants rated perceived convexity of a natural disparity (“convex”) or reversed disparity (“concave”) face shown either in its original context with reversed or natural disparities or against a black background. Faces with natural disparity were rated as more convincingly convex independent of the background, showing that the local disparities can affect perceived convexity independent of disparities across the rest of the image. However, the apparent convexity of the faces was also greater in natural disparity scenes compared to either a reversed disparity scene or a zero disparity black background. This independent effect of natural scene disparity suggests that the ‘solidity’ associated with natural scene disparities spread to enhance the perceived convexity of the face itself. Together, these findings suggest that global and local disparity exert independent and additive effects upon the perceived convexity of the face.
The Experience versus the Expectations of Power: A Recipe for Altering the Effects of Power on Behavior

Power transforms consumer behavior. This research introduces a critical theoretical moderator of power's effects by promoting the idea that power is accompanied by both an experience (how it feels to have or lack power) and expectations (schemas and scripts as to how those with or without power behave). In some cases, the psychological experience of power predisposes people to behave one way, whereas attention to the expectations of power suggests behaving in another way. As a consequence, power's effects for consumer behavior can hinge on consumers' focus. Specifically, a focus on the experience or expectations of power critically moderates how power affects both information processing and status seeking. However, as the experience of power incites a desire to act, and the powerful are expected to act, power produces more action regardless of focus. These findings provide a new lens on power and have important implications for consumer behavior.
Localization of real world regression Bugs using single execution

Regression bugs occur whenever software functionality that previously worked as desired stops working, or no longer works as expected. Code changes, such as bug fixes or new feature work, may result in a regression bug. Regression bugs are an annoying and painful phenomena in the software development process, requiring a great deal of effort to localize, effectively hindering team progress. In this paper we present Regression Detective, a method which assists the developer locating source code segments that caused a given regression bug. Unlike some of the existing tools, our approach doesn't require an automated test suite or executing past versions of the system. It is highly scalable to millions of loc systems. The developer, who has no prior knowledge of the code or the bug, reproduces the bug according to the steps described in the bug database. We evaluated our approach with bugs from leading open source projects (Eclipse, Tomcat, Ant). In over 90% of the cases, the developer only has to examine 10-20 lines of code in order to locate the bug, regardless of the code base size.
Three-dimensional macro/mesoporosity developments in polydimethylsiloxane

ABSTRACT Macro/mesoporous polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) were prepared with the purpose of vascular grafts. Oligoester-containing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) can be used as precursors for generation of networks with tunable pore sizes. Novel poly(methyl methacrylate)/PDMS semi-IPNs were prepared by varying structural parameters. Extraction of uncrosslinked oligoester subchains from semi-IPNs was investigated. To tailor the morphology of porous structure, influence of some factors including porogen type, different polymerization conditions, monomer type, and concentration, crosslinking agent concentration were studied. PDMS networks were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. A uniform porous structure with interconnected pores was detected in horizontal and vertical cross sections of PDMS. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants over a 9-Year Period

ABSTRACT Recently, several plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes conferring low levels of quinolone resistance have been discovered. To evaluate the temporal change in the prevalence of PMQR genes over a decade in a tertiary hospital in the Republic of Korea, we selected every fifth isolate of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and every third isolate of Enterobacter cloacae between 1998 and 2001 and between 2005 and 2006 from a collection of blood isolates. Six PMQR genes [qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA] were screened by multiplex PCR and then confirmed by direct sequencing, and the aac(6′)-Ib-positive PCR products were digested with BtsCI to identify the aac(6′)-Ib-cr variant. Of 461 isolates, 37 (8%) had one of the six PMQR genes; 13 (5%) of 261 E. coli strains, 13 (10%) of 135 K. pneumoniae strains, and 11 (17%) of 65 E. cloacae strains. qnrB was the most common PMQR gene and was found as early as 1998, whereas qnrS, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and qepA emerged after 2000. None of the isolates carried qnrA or qnrC. Ciprofloxacin resistance increased over time (P < 0.001), and the overall prevalence of PMQR genes tended to increase (P = 0.20). PMQR-positive isolates had significantly higher ciprofloxacin resistance and multidrug resistance rates (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). The increasing frequency of ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae was associated with an increasing prevalence of PMQR genes, and this change involved an increase in the diversity of the PMQR genes and also an increase in the prevalence of the mutations in gyrA, parC, or both in PMQR-positive strains but not PMQR-negative strains.
Imaging and Analysis of the Sky Model Produced Through Redundant Calibration of the MWA

21 cm cosmology is an extremely exciting frontier in astrophysics, and has the potential to probe eras of the Universe that are otherwise unobservable. In particular, it has unique potential for providing insights into the formation of the first stars and galaxies through observations of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Unfortunately, the cosmic 21 cm signal is very faint, and therefore quite difficult to detect. One approach to observing this signal is through radio interferometry. This approach has unique benefits, but also faces several challenges. One of these challenges is that the signals transmitted by the antennas do not perfectly match the true sky. Therefore, researchers must calibrate the interferometer, which is the process of uncovering the relationship between the true and observed skies. Traditionally, this is done by using a priori knowledge about the sky to construct a sky model, which can be used to solve the calibration equation. The primary drawback of this approach is that it requires a prior known sky model, which is difficult to achieve for our purposes. In this paper we examine the alternate method of redundant calibration, by which redundancies in the arrangement of the interferometer are used to aid in the process of calibration. It so happens that during the process of redundant calibration we actually produce an estimated sky model. Here, we produce the first images of these sky models, using data from the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA). We aim to achieve relative agreement between the estimated sky model and the true data, with the goal that eventually this model could be used as an input to sky-based calibration. While our initial images showed little agreement between the model and the data, we were able to make adjustments to the data that significantly improved our results. Our final images show a significant level of agreement, with only minor structural discrepancies. Finally, we explored the origins of these remaining errors by investigating the effect of positional uncertainties in the antenna coordinates, and found that this is a reasonable explanation.
Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice

Autophagy is a membrane-trafficking mechanism that delivers cytoplasmic constituents into the lysosome/vacuole for bulk protein degradation. This mechanism is involved in the preservation of nutrients under starvation condition as well as the normal turnover of cytoplasmic component. Aberrant autophagy has been reported in several neurodegenerative disorders, hepatitis, and myopathies. Here, we generated conditional knockout mice of Atg7, an essential gene for autophagy in yeast. Atg7 was essential for ATG conjugation systems and autophagosome formation, amino acid supply in neonates, and starvation-induced bulk degradation of proteins and organelles in mice. Furthermore, Atg7 deficiency led to multiple cellular abnormalities, such as appearance of concentric membranous structure and deformed mitochondria, and accumulation of ubiquitin-positive aggregates. Our results indicate the important role of autophagy in starvation response and the quality control of proteins and organelles in quiescent cells.
Failure of the ILD to Determine Data Combinability for Slow Loris Phylogeny

—Tests for incongruence as an indicator of among-data partition conict have played an important role in conditional data combination. When such tests reveal signicant incongruence, this has been interpreted as a rationale for not combining data into a single phylogenetic analysis. In this study of lorisiform phylogeny, we use the incongruence length difference (ILD) test to assess conict among three independent data sets. A large morphological data set and two unlinked molecular data sets—the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the nuclear interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (exon 1)—are analyzed with various optimality criteria and weighting mechanisms to determine the phylogenetic relationships among slow lorises (Primates, Loridae). When analyzed separately, the morphological data show impressive statistical support for a monophyletic Loridae. Both molecular data sets resolve the Loridae as paraphyletic, though with different branching orders depending on the optimality criterion or character weighting used. When the three data partitions are analyzed in various combinations, an inverse relationship between congruence and phylogenetic accuracy is observed. Nearly all combined analyses that recover monophyly indicate strong data partition incongruence (P D 0:00005 in the most extreme case), whereas all analyses that recover paraphyly indicate lack of signicant incongruence. Numerous lines of evidence verify that monophyly is the accurate phylogenetic result. Therefore, this study contributes to a growing body of information afrming that measures of incongruence should not be used as indicators of data set combinability. [Conditional data combination; galagos; incongruence length difference; lorises; molecules and morphology; partition
The evaluation and comparison of marginal adaptation in metal ceramic and all ceramic restorations fabricated by two methods: CAD/CAM and conventional

Introduction: Marginal fit is a key factor for long term clinical success through any dental restorations. Poor marginal adaptation causes cement dissolution. This can lead to dental caries, gingival irritation, periodontal diseases, and finally treatment failure. The aim of this study was measurement and comparison of marginal gap quantities in metal ceramic and all ceramic dental restorations fabricated by various methods. Methods & Materials: A total of 60 complete crowns in 6 groups (n=10) were fabricated as. Follows: Group A: Conventional metal-ceramic collarless restorations. Group B: Metal-ceramic collarless restorations with CAD/CAM wax copings and porcelain layering. Group C: Metal-ceramic collarless restorations with Ceramill Sintron metal copings and porcelain layering. Group D: All ceramic e-max. Press (lithium disilicate) restorations. Group E: All ceramic restorations with CAD/CAM zirconia copings and porcelain layering. Group F: All ceramic CAD/CAM translucent zirconia (Zolid). Replica technique and optical microscope (60 x magnifications) used to gap measurement. Mann whitney and kruskal-wallis tests used to analyze the data. Results: The lowest mean marginal gap seen in group C (29.12) and the highest mean marginal gap seen in group E(78.19)The mean marginal adaptation was better in metal ceramic restorations than all ceramic restorations and the difference was significant (P˂0.001). Conclusion: According to our study, marginal gap of metal ceramic and all ceramic restorations was clinically acceptable (less than 120 microns).
Optimal Error Rates for Interactive Coding II: Efficiency and List Decoding

We study coding schemes for error correction in interactive communications. Such interactive coding schemes simulate any n-round interactive protocol using N rounds over an adversarial channel that corrupts up to ρN transmissions. Important performance measures for a coding scheme are its maximum tolerable error rate ρ, communication complexity N, and computational complexity. We give the first coding scheme for the standard setting which performs optimally in all three measures: Our randomized non-adaptive coding scheme has a near-linear computational complexity and tolerates any error rate δ <; 1/4 with a linear N = Θ(n) communication complexity. This improves over prior results [1]-[4] which each performed well in two of these measures. We also give results for other settings of interest, namely, the first computationally and communication efficient schemes that tolerate ρ <; 2/7 adaptively, ρ <; 1/3 if only one party is required to decode, and ρ <; 1/2 if list decoding is allowed. These are the optimal tolerable error rates for the respective settings. These coding schemes also have near linear computational and communication complexity. These results are obtained via two techniques: We give a general black-box reduction which reduces unique decoding, in various settings, to list decoding. We also show how to boost the computational and communication efficiency of any list decoder to become near linear1.
Rural Sector Reform and Internet Adoption in NGOs: The Case of Indonesia

Today rural sector reform is of paramount importance in Indonesian development. Yet, different social actors have different perspectives on it. Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) in Indonesia have established themselves in pivotal positions in the social, economic and political landscape across the country, and a large amount of their work has been connected with development in the rural sector. But, there has been little attempt to understand how NGOs in Indonesia, particularly rural NGOs, engage with the issue of rural development itself. Since rural development is one of the oldest issues to be discussed among activists, since the early days of Indonesian NGOs, it is interesting to see how they understand the rural sector reform issue today. An empirical study was conducted recently to see how some Indonesian NGOs, in their endeavour to respond to and broaden the discourse, utilise Internet technology. The study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches to build a detailed story about how different organisations working in rural sector reform deploy strategies to deal with the issue. By doing so, it aspires to contribute to the advancement of theory relating to the efficacy of Internet as a tool for social reform and development.
On connecting panels of freeform bulding envelopes - A parametrical controlled connector system for non-standard CLT-structures using processed standard elements

As smooth geometric shapes are very tricky to manufacture with an overall great expense this paper presents a parametrical approach how to control the joint geometry within a framework of flat panels which approximate a freeform surface using discretization. Since timber has an excellent reputation as a sustainable and regenerative material plus the fact that timber can be perfectly processed with a large variety of tools including CNC milling machines we are using cross laminated timber boards (CLT) with large and heavy members. Hence that means dealing with high forces which require geometrically exact and often complex joints, which we want to push to a high degree of automation in the design process. We establish rules and constraints between all neighboring CLT-panels. That way we control a new connector system specially designed for non-standard CLT-joints. This paper documents the status of one aspect of an ongoing research project and will also give a preview to upcoming tasks including the production of a prototype structure. 2 H. SCHIMEK, A. MEISEL AND T. BOGENSPERGER
Recent advances in oral vaccine development

Oral vaccination is the most challenging vaccination method due to the administration route. However, oral vaccination has socio-economic benefits and provides the possibility of stimulating both humoral and cellular immune responses at systemic and mucosal sites. Despite the advantages of oral vaccination, only a limited number of oral vaccines are currently approved for human use. During the last decade, extensive research regarding antigen-based oral vaccination methods have improved immunogenicity and induced desired immunological outcomes. Nevertheless, several factors such as the harsh gastro-intestinal environment and oral tolerance impede the clinical application of oral delivery systems. To date, human clinical trials investigating the efficacy of these systems are still lacking. This review addresses the rationale and key biological and physicochemical aspects of oral vaccine design and highlights the use of yeast-derived β-glucan microparticles as an oral vaccine delivery platform.
Dependencies vs. Constituents for Tree-Based Alignment

Given a parallel parsed corpus, statistical tree-to-tree alignment attempts to match nodes in the syntactic trees for a given sentence in two languages. We train a probabilistic tree transduction model on a large automatically parsed Chinese-English corpus, and evaluate re-sults against human-annotated word level alignments. We ﬁnd that a constituent-based model performs better than a similar probability model trained on the same trees converted to a dependency representation.
Comprehensive CT Evaluation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Impact on Diagnosis and Treatment Decisions

Background. With modern CT imaging a comprehensive overview of cerebral macro- and microcirculation can be obtained within minutes in acute ischemic stroke. This opens for patient stratification and individualized treatment. Methods. Four patients with acute ischemic stroke of different aetiologies and/or treatments were chosen for illustration of the comprehensive CT protocol and its value in subsequent treatment decisions. The patients were clinically evaluated according to the NIHSS-scale, examined with the comprehensive CT protocol including both CT angiography and CT perfusion, and followed up by MRI. Results. The comprehensive CT examination protocol increased the examination time but did not delay treatment initiation. In some cases CT angiography revealed the cause of stroke while CT perfusion located and graded the perfusion defect with reasonable accuracy, confirmed by follow-up MR-diffusion. In the presented cases findings of the comprehensive CT examination influenced the treatment strategy. Conclusions. The comprehensive CT examination is a fast and safe method allowing accurate diagnosis and making way for individualized treatment in acute ischemic stroke.
The Female Reproductive Cycle of the Neotropical Snake Atractus pantostictus (Fernandes and Puorto, 1993) from South‐eastern Brazil

Data on reproductive activity of fossorial species are limited because the specimens are difficult to be observed and captured. Here in, we present the reproductive cycle of female Atractus pantostictus, a fossorial neotropical species, and the sexual maturity of males and females in south‐eastern Brazil. The female reproductive cycle of A. pantostictus is seasonal, with vitellogenic follicles being found from September to April and eggs in November, February, March and April with the number varying between two and four. Spermatozoa were found in the lumen of the glandular and non‐glandular uterus in females collected during the rainy season. Sperm storage tubules were found in the posterior infundibulum of the females, where the storage of sperm occurs for a short time. The storage may occur because mating and ovulation are dissociated.
Low-distortion embeddings of general metrics into the line

A low-distortion embedding between two metric spaces is a mapping which preserves the distances between each pair of points, up to a small factor called distortion. Low-distortion embeddings have recently found numerous applications in computer science.Most of the known embedding results are "absolute",that is, of the form: any metric <i>Y</i> from a given class of metrics <i>C</i> can be embedded into a metric <i>X</i> with low distortion <i>c</i>. This is beneficial if one can guarantee low distortion for all metrics <i>Y</i> in <i>C</i>. However, in any situations, the worst-case distortion is too large to be meaningful. For example, if <i>X</i> is a line metric, then even very simple metrics (an <i>n</i> - point star or an <i>n</i> -point cycle) are embeddable into <i>X</i> only with distortion linear in <i>n</i>. Nevertheless, embeddings into the line (or into low-dimensional spaces) are important for many applications.A solution to this issue is to consider "relative" (or "approximation") embedding problems, where the goal is to design an (a-approxiation) algorithm which, given any metric <i>X</i> from <i>C</i> as an input, finds an embedding of <i>X</i> into <i>Y</i> which has distortion <i>a</i> *<i>c</i><inf><i>Y</i></inf> (<i>X</i>), where <i>c</i><inf><i>Y</i></inf> (<i>X</i>)is the best possible distortion of an embedding of <i>X</i> into <i>Y</i>. In this paper we show algorithms and hardness results for relative embedding problems.In particular we give: •an algorith that, given a general metric <i>M</i>, finds an embedding with distortion <i>O</i> (Δ<sup>3⁄4</sup> poly(<i>c</i> <i><inf>line</inf></i> (<i>M</i>))), where Δ is the spread of <i>M</i>•an algorithm that,given a weighted tree etric <i>M</i>, finds an embedding with distortion poly(<i>c</i> <inf><i>line</i></inf> (<i>M</i>)) •a hardness result, showing that computing minimum line distortion is hard to approximate up to a factor polynomial in <i>n</i>,even for weighted tree metrics with spread Δ=<i>n</i> <i><sup>O</sup></i> (1).