Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces: Effects on co-workers' and leaders' health and psychosocial working conditions.

BACKGROUND Leaders and co-workers in Swedish public sector organizations are exposed to demanding psychosocial working conditions; more knowledge about workplace-based interventions in this sector of working life is needed. OBJECTIVE To compare co-workers' and leaders' self-ratings of health and psychosocial working conditions, and investigate how prevention and rehabilitation in Swedish public sector workplaces affects these ratings. METHOD The longitudinal panel data consisted of 311 individuals (20 leaders, 291 co-workers) at 19 workplaces. Based on questionnaire data, statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U-Test, pair-wise Spearman correlations, a mixed between-within subjects ANOVA and Friedman's test. RESULTS Results indicate differences in how the leaders and the co-workers judge their health and psychosocial working conditions. Leaders report work content that is more varied and interesting as well as more possibilities for personal development through work, yet they also report more tiredness, concern over managing their work situation and time pressure at work. Comparisons of mean values for used indicators show some improvements after one year, but also several non-significant or negative time trends two years after the interventions were initiated. CONCLUSION The study provides some support for experienced differences between co-workers' and leaders' health and psychosocial working conditions in public sector workplaces, indicating the importance of different workplace-oriented prevention and rehabilitation interventions for these two categories of employees.
A spectropolarimetric survey of northern hemisphere Wolf–Rayet stars

We present a homogeneous, high signal-to-noise spectropolarimetric survey of 16 northern hemisphere Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars. A reduction in polarization at emission-line wavelengths — the ‘line effect’— is identified in four stars: WRs 134, 137, 139, and 141. The magnitude of the effect in WR 139 (V444 Cyg) is variable, while WR 136, previously reported to show the line effect, does not show it in our data. Assuming the line effect generally to arise from axisymmetric distortions of stellar winds, we show that a model in which all WRs have the same intrinsic (equator-on) polarization, with the observed variations solely a result of inclination effects, is inconsistent with the observations. A model in which the intrinsic polarizations are uniformly distributed is more plausible, but best-fitting results are obtained if the distribution of polarizations is biased towards small values, with only ∼ 20 per cent of stars having intrinsic polarizations greater than ∼ 0.3 per cent. Radiative transfer calculations indicate that the observed continuum polarizations can be matched by models with equator:pole density ratios of 2–3. The model spectra have electron-scattering wings that are significantly stronger than observed (in both intensity and polarized flux), confirming that the winds of stars showing intrinsic polarization must be clumped on small scales as well as being distorted on large scales. We combine the results of our survey with observations from the literature to give a sample of 29 stars which have both accurate spectropolarimetric observations and physical parameters derived from standard-model analyses. We find that the line-effect stars are clustered at high M, L in the luminosity–mass-loss rate plane (although they are unexceptional in the terminal velocity–subtype and the surface-mass-flux–temperature planes). The mass-loss rates derived from radio-continuum observations for these stars are in good accord with the results of optical emission-line analyses, suggesting that (i) the wind structure of line-effect stars has a density contrast which is effectively constant with radius, and (ii) the high M values may be artefacts of large-scale wind structure. Assuming that observed spectroscopic and photometric variability of the line-effect stars is related to the WR rotation period, we compute equatorial rotation velocities. These velocities correspond to ∼ 10 per cent of the core breakup rates, and may be large enough to produce significant wind-compression effects according to the models of Ignace, Cassinelli & Bjorkman.
alpha 2-macroglobulin adsorbed to colloidal gold: a new probe in the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis

alpha 2-Macroglobulin (alpha 2 M) was adsorbed to colloidal gold and used as a new tool in the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis. alpha 2 M-gold is easy to prepare and is clearly visualized at the electron microscope level. When cells were incubated with alpha 2 M-gold at 0 degrees C, gold was visualized both diffusely over the cell surface and concentrated in coated pits. After cells to which alpha 2 M-gold had been bound at 0 degrees C were warmed, the gold was rapidly internalized into uncoated vesicles, previously termed receptosomes. After 30 min of incubation or longer, gold was found in small lysosomes and, later, in large lysosomes and very small vesicles in the region of the Golgi complex. This pattern of localization is similar to that previously described, using peroxidase-labeled anti-alpha 2 M antibodies. By incubating cells with both alpha 2 M-gold and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), we studied the internalization of these two markers simultaneously. VSV and alpha 2 M-gold rapidly clustered in the same coated pits and were internalized in the same receptosomes. Proteins and hormones adsorbed to gold may be useful in the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Applying Psychophysiological Methods for Measuring User Experience: Possibilities, Challenges and Feasibility

Traditional methods to access the experience of a user such as subjective reports have certain disadvantages. Participants have to be asked for their experiences and emotions which interrupts the process of experience and flow. Psychophysiological methods offer data throughout the process of experience, which unfolds new possibilities for user experience (UX) evaluation. In this paper we provide a short overview of psychophysiological methods for human computer interaction (HCI) and the findings of our examinations. Our outcomes will be discussed considering the possibilities, challenges and feasibility of these methods in the area of interaction with systems and emotions. Based on our experience we think that psychophysiological measurements provide important possibilities in product development and can help to deepen and expand the insights gathered by traditional methods.
Template-based automatic extraction of the joint space of foot bones from CT scan

Clean bone segmentation is critical in studying the joint anatomy for measuring the spacing between the bones. However, separation of the coupled bones in CT images is sometimes difficult due to ambiguous gray values coming from the noise and the heterogeneity of bone materials as well as narrowing of the joint space. For fine reconstruction of the individual local boundaries, manual operation is a common practice where the segmentation remains to be a bottleneck. In this paper, we present an automatic method for extracting the joint space by applying graph cut on Markov random field model to the region of interest (ROI) which is identified by a template of 3D bone structures. The template includes encoded articular surface which identifies the tight region of the high-intensity bone boundaries together with the fuzzy joint area of interest. The localized shape information from the template model within the ROI effectively separates the bones nearby. By narrowing the ROI down to the region including two types of tissue, the object extraction problem was reduced to binary segmentation and solved via graph cut. Based on the shape of a joint space marked by the template, the hard constraint was set by the initial seeds which were automatically generated from thresholding and morphological operations. The performance and the robustness of the proposed method are evaluated on 12 volumes of ankle CT data, where each volume includes a set of 4 tarsal bones (calcaneus, talus, navicular and cuboid).
Passing and Transcendence in Political Identities and Socioeconomic Status

Passing is a phenomenon that occurs when an individual tries to hide a part of their identity, or takes on a new false identity in order to fit in with a certain social context. Passing might be especially important in a college setting, where students are in a stage of emerging adulthood and exploring new identities. This process can occur with all sorts of identity, commonly one that makes the individual a minority. This study focuses specifically on the phenomenon of passing in political views and socioeconomic status identities, as well as how it relates to self-transcendence. Given past research, we hypothesized that individuals with low transcendence scores would be more likely to attempt to pass in a social situation in which their true identity makes them a minority. Results showed that SES is negatively associated with passing via counterfeiting, but had no significant impact on passing via avoidance. Political ideology did not correlate significantly with either passing strategy. Students tended to pass more via avoidance than counterfeiting with both political views and SES. This study also found that students of relatively high SES (upper-middle class and middle-class) tended to have more conservative views on health care than students of lower SES (poor, working class, and lowermiddle class). A trend was found that students with relatively conservative views on health care were more likely to pass via counterfeiting than students with more liberal health care views. Our findings open the doors for more research on various types of passing in different categories of identity.
Skin‐Inspired Haptic Memory Arrays with an Electrically Reconfigurable Architecture

Skin-inspired haptic-memory devices, which can retain pressure information after the removel of external pressure by virtue of the nonvolatile nature of the memory devices, are achieved. The rise of haptic-memory devices will allow for mimicry of human sensory memory, opening new avenues for the design of next-generation high-performance sensing devices and systems.
Measuring Media Exposure in a Changing Communications Environment

ABSTRACT The measurement of how people are “exposed” to media content, which is crucial for the understanding of media use and effects, has been a challenge for a long time. Today’s media landscape, in which individuals are exposed to a diversity of messages anytime, anywhere, and from a great variety of sources on an increasing number of different media platforms, has complicated the measurement of media exposure even more. However, today’s digital media landscape also offers new possibilities to map media exposure by means of passive measurement. In this Introduction article to the special issue, we give an overview of the different ways in which media exposure is measured and the various issues associated with their applications. We conclude with a research agenda for issues that need to be tackled in future research and also introduce a research tool for media exposure measurement.
Attitude towards prophylactic surgery and effects of genetic counselling in families with BRCAmutations

The intent of this study was to evaluate the effect that an awareness of being a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier has on the attitude towards prophylactic surgery and on developing depression symptoms. Thirty-five families were selected on the basis of previously detected BRCA1 or 2 mutations and 90 family members were given the appropriate questionnaires. Prophylactic mastectomy (PM) was considered by 21% of the Austrian mutation carriers (29% affected and 8% non-affected carriers). The majority of affected and non-affected carriers expected PM to impair the quality of their life. Fifty per cent would undergo prophylactic oophorectomy (53% affected and 46% non-affected carriers). The self-rating depression scale indicated that following mutation result disclosure the depression scores of carriers decreased (40 baseline vs 38 after result disclosure, P = 0.3), whereas, for non-carriers, scores increased (36 baseline vs 40 after result disclosure, P = 0.05). We conclude that information about carrier status is not associated with increased depression symptoms in mutation carriers. In non-carriers, depression scores increased slightly, probably reflecting survivor guilt. The option of having PM was associated with a negative impact on the quality of life and was declined by the majority of Austrian mutation carriers. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Validating the Difficult Intravenous Access Clinical Prediction Rule

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the difficult intravenous access (DIVA) score, a clinical prediction rule, which states that children with a score of 4 or more will have a 50% higher rate of a failed intravenous placement on the first attempt compared with the mean failure rate. Methods This was a prospective cohort study in children 0 to 14 years, undergoing peripheral intravenous placement by doctors in the emergency department of a medium-sized general hospital. Before intravenous placement attempts, demographic data inclusive of age and DIVA score were recorded. A maximum of 3 attempts per doctor were allowed, after which a more senior doctor undertook subsequent attempts. The site of successful placement was recorded. Results Five hundred children were enrolled. The male-female ratio was 1.3:1. One hundred thirty-three (26.6%) were less than 1 year, 103 (20.6%) were aged 1 to 2 years, and 264 (52.8%) were 3 years or older. One hundred ten children (22%) had a failed intravenous placement on the first attempt. Of the 151 children with a DIVA score of 4 or more, 57 (37.7%) had a failed intravenous placement, validating the clinical prediction rule. Only 5 subjects (1%) did not have intravenous placement after 6 attempts. Conclusions This study validates DIVA score and provides a simple tool that can enhance the accuracy of the information offered to parents as it relates to the success rates of intravenous placement in children.
Can We Use an Interventionist-Causal Paradigm to Untangle the Relationship between Trauma, PTSD and Psychosis?

Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia, 2 The Voices Clinic, Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Alfred Hospital and Monash University Central Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3 Psychiatry, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia, Orygen: The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia, 5 The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
A Method for Dynamic Clustering of Data

This paper describes a method for the segmentation of dynamic data. It extends well known algorithms developed in the context of static clustering (e.g., the c-means algorithm, Kohonen maps, elastic nets and fuzzy c-means). The work is based on an unified framework for constrained clustering recently proposed by the authors in [1]. This framework is extended by using a motion model for the clusters which includes global and local evolution of the data centroids. A noise model is also proposed to increase the robustness of the dynamic clustering algorithm with respect to outliers.
Capacity bounds and code designs for cooperative diversity

Cooperative diversity is a novel technique for conveying information in wireless networks, where closely located single-antenna network nodes cooperatively transmit and/or receive by forming virtual antenna arrays. For the simplest cooperative setup with two transmitters and two receivers, we first present the latest advances made in determining the theoretical capacity bounds and point out the important roles of coding with side information in achieving the lower bounds on the capacity region. We then focus on practical code designs and describe two coding schemes: one for receiver cooperation based on Wyner-Ziv coding; another for transmitter cooperation based on dirty-paper coding. The two designs perform close to the theoretical bounds and show the gains of cooperative communications predicted by theory.
Activation of odorant receptor in colorectal cancer cells leads to inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis

The analysis and functional characterization of ectopically expressed human olfactory receptors (ORs) is becoming increasingly important, as many ORs have been identified in several healthy and cancerous tissues. OR activation has been demonstrated to have influence on cancer cell growth and progression. Here, ORs were identified using RNA-Seq analyses and RT-PCR. We demonstrated the OR protein localization in HCT116 cells using immunocytochemistry (IHC). In order to analyze the physiological role of OR51B4, we deorphanized the receptor by the use of CRE-Luciferase assays, conducted calcium imaging experiments as well as scratch- and proliferation assays. Furthermore, western blot analyses revealed the involvement of different protein kinases in the ligand-dependent signaling pathway. Receptor knockdown via shRNA was used to analyze the involvement of OR51B4. We identified OR51B4, which is highly expressed in the colon cancer cell line HCT116 and in native human colon cancer tissues. We deorphanized the receptor and identified Troenan as an effective ligand. Troenan stimulation of HCT116 cells has anti-proliferative, anti-migratory and pro-apoptotic effects, mediated by changes in the intracellular calcium level upon PLC activation. These effects cause changes in the phosphorylation levels of p38, mTor and Akt kinases. Knockdown of the receptor via shRNA confirmed the involvement of OR51B4. This study emphasizes the importance of ectopically expressed ORs in the therapy for several diseases. The findings provide the basis for alternative treatments of colorectal cancer.
A trial of pre‐emptive analgesia

The influence of timing of administration of peroperative alfentanil on pain and analgesic requirements after surgery was studied in 60 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy. Thirty patients received alfentanil 7. 5μg. kg‐1 on induction of anaesthesia, followed by alfentanil 7. 5μg. kg‐1 90s before surgical incision (group A). Thirty control patients received alfentanil 15μg. kg‐1, 10 min after abdominal incision (group B). In addition, 10min after surgical incision both groups received morphine 0.2mg. kg‐1, given over a 10min period. The visual analogue scores (median, interquartile range) for pain 24 h after operation were 28.5 mm (11.25–47.0) in group A and 21.0 mm (10.5–47.5)in group B, p = 0.76. There were no differences in visual analogue scores at intermediate times. Morphine consumption in the first 24 h after surgery (median, interquartile range) was 53.5mg (37.25–60.0) in group A and 52.0mg (39.75–71.0) in group B, p = 0.52. We conclude that postoperative morphine consumption and pain scores are no different when alfentanil 15μg. kg‐1 is given before or after skin incision for abdominal hysterectomy.
Evaluation and comparison of statistical methods for early temporal detection of outbreaks: A simulation-based study

The objective of this paper is to evaluate a panel of statistical algorithms for temporal outbreak detection. Based on a large dataset of simulated weekly surveillance time series, we performed a systematic assessment of 21 statistical algorithms, 19 implemented in the R package surveillance and two other methods. We estimated false positive rate (FPR), probability of detection (POD), probability of detection during the first week, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and F1-measure for each detection method. Then, to identify the factors associated with these performance measures, we ran multivariate Poisson regression models adjusted for the characteristics of the simulated time series (trend, seasonality, dispersion, outbreak sizes, etc.). The FPR ranged from 0.7% to 59.9% and the POD from 43.3% to 88.7%. Some methods had a very high specificity, up to 99.4%, but a low sensitivity. Methods with a high sensitivity (up to 79.5%) had a low specificity. All methods had a high negative predictive value, over 94%, while positive predictive values ranged from 6.5% to 68.4%. Multivariate Poisson regression models showed that performance measures were strongly influenced by the characteristics of time series. Past or current outbreak size and duration strongly influenced detection performances.
Confocal microscopy of FM4‐64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae

Confocal microscopy of amphiphilic styryl dyes has been used to investigate endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. Hyphae were treated with FM4‐64, FM1‐43 or TMA‐DPH, three of the most commonly used membrane‐selective dyes reported as markers of endocytosis. All three dyes were rapidly internalized within hyphae. FM4‐64 was found best for imaging the dynamic changes in size, morphology and position of the apical vesicle cluster within growing hyphal tips because of its staining pattern, greater photostability and low cytotoxicity. FM4‐64 was taken up into both the apical and subapical compartments of living hyphae in a time‐dependent manner. The pattern of stain distribution was broadly similar in a range of fungal species tested (Aspergillus nidulans, Botrytis cinerea, Magnaporthe grisea, Neurospora crassa, Phycomyces blakesleeanus, Puccinia graminis, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Trichoderma viride). With time, FM4‐64 was internalized from the plasma membrane appearing in structures corresponding to putative endosomes, the apical vesicle cluster, the vacuolar membrane and mitochondria. These observations are consistent with dye internalization by endocytosis. A speculative model of the vesicle trafficking network within growing hyphae is presented.
Self-organization of early vocal development in infants and machines: the role of intrinsic motivation

We bridge the gap between two issues in infant development: vocal development and intrinsic motivation. We propose and experimentally test the hypothesis that general mechanisms of intrinsically motivated spontaneous exploration, also called curiosity-driven learning, can self-organize developmental stages during early vocal learning. We introduce a computational model of intrinsically motivated vocal exploration, which allows the learner to autonomously structure its own vocal experiments, and thus its own learning schedule, through a drive to maximize competence progress. This model relies on a physical model of the vocal tract, the auditory system and the agent's motor control as well as vocalizations of social peers. We present computational experiments that show how such a mechanism can explain the adaptive transition from vocal self-exploration with little influence from the speech environment, to a later stage where vocal exploration becomes influenced by vocalizations of peers. Within the initial self-exploration phase, we show that a sequence of vocal production stages self-organizes, and shares properties with data from infant developmental psychology: the vocal learner first discovers how to control phonation, then focuses on vocal variations of unarticulated sounds, and finally automatically discovers and focuses on babbling with articulated proto-syllables. As the vocal learner becomes more proficient at producing complex sounds, imitating vocalizations of peers starts to provide high learning progress explaining an automatic shift from self-exploration to vocal imitation.