Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do People Contrast and Assimilate Candidate Ideology? An Experimental Test of the Projection Hypothesis

Abstract In political psychology, positive projection happens when we perceive the positions of liked candidates as closer to our own positions while negative projection means we perceive the positions of disliked candidates as further from our own positions. To date, there is still confusion about whether affective feelings lead to perceptions of candidate positions or perceptions of candidate positions lead to affective feelings. This paper pins down one of these causal directions. I manipulate positive and negative feelings towards a fictitious candidate in a survey experiment to introduce them exogenously and examine whether they affect perceptions of candidate ideology. In line with some previous findings, the results indicate modest positive projection effects but no negative projection effects. Explanations for this asymmetry are discussed.
Effects of instructional conditions and experience on student reflection: a video annotation study

ABSTRACT This article reports on the findings of a study that investigated the effects of instructional conditions and prior experience on students’ self-reflection. The study was conducted with the use of a video annotation tool that was used by undergraduate performing arts students to reflect on their video-recorded performances. The study shows a consistent positive effect of previous experience with the video annotation tool for engagement with reflection. Graded instructional conditions with feedback had a positive effect on increasing higher order reflections particularly for students with prior experience with the video annotation tool for reflective purposes. The finding suggests that when including reflection in the curriculum, it is important to consider introducing it at a program or degree level rather than individual courses in order to provide an opportunity for students to gain experience with reflection and any particular tool that is used (e.g., a video annotation tool). Furthermore, reflective tasks should be scaffolded into the curriculum with ample opportunity for formative feedback and summative assessment in order to encourage higher order thinking and foster students’ metacognitive awareness and monitoring for increased goal-setting and acknowledgement of the motive or effect of their observed behavior.
Effects of cultivar and boll age on aflatoxin in cottonseed after inoculation with Aspergillus flavus at simulated exit holes of the pink bollworm

Boll age at inoculation influenced the contamination of both wound-inoculated and adjacent unwounded locks. Wound-inoculated locks of young bolls (13-20 days old at inoculation) became less contaminated than similar locks of bolls 25-32 days old at inoculation. The fungus, however, moved into and contaminated unwounded locks of young bolls more extensively than those of older bolls. Thus, the maturation of the intercarpellary membrane may hinder the interlock spread of A. flavus
The clinical differentiation of fronto-temporal dementia from psychiatric disease

Objective Frontal and/or temporal lobar atrophy (F/TA) is sometimes detected on neuroimaging in patients with psychiatric disease. This observation leads to difficulty in distinguishing whether patients have fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) or psychiatric illness. This paper sets out to develop clinical profiles that might be useful at first presentation to distinguish these two populations. Methods 29 patients were selected from a database of 250 current patients attending young onset dementia clinic. Control and experimental patient groups were established using DSM-5 criteria: (i) those without selective atrophy who had a psychiatric disorder (N = 5); (ii) patients who had FTD using consensus criteria (N = 13); and (iii) an experimental group of patients who had F/TA on neuroimaging, a psychiatric diagnosis and referral with possibility of a neurodegenerative disorder (N = 11). Profiles suggestive of FTD and psychiatric disease were established in the control groups utilising information from medical records, the neurological examination, the natural history and neuropsychometry to develop criteria to distinguish reliably FTD from psychiatric disease. These criteria were then applied to the experimental group. Patients were followed for five years. Results The developed criteria resulted in 3 patients being classified as FTD and 8 having psychiatric diagnoses in the experimental group. At follow-up, all the psychiatric patients remained functionally stable, whereas the FTD patients had deteriorated. Conclusion Characteristic profiles may prove useful in the diagnosis of patients with F/TA on imaging with a psychiatric illness and help to distinguish them from patients with FTD. At first presentation F/TA has been found in some patients with psychiatric disease who do not develop evidence of neurodegeneration. This suggests that F/TA on neuroimaging might be a feature of a subgroup of patients with psychiatric diseases.
Human computer interaction: an operational definition

This paper poses an operational definition for the term Human-Computer Interaction and distinguishes it from the term User Interface. Human-Computer Interaction includes several separate communication paths between the human and the computer's natural environment, the computer's own ergonomics, an operating environment, and an application environment. Each of these paths occur in parallel and have both a dialog and an interface component. A distinction is made between those dialog stages which allow multiple interpretations of symbols (soft-dialog) and those which allow only one interpretation for each symbol (hard-dialog). The term User Dialog includes only the soft-dialog stages, and the User Interface consists of the mechanisms for communicating the User Dialog.
A Framework for the Pursuit of Happiness: Personality as It Relates to Subjective Well-being

Acknowledgments I would like to thank Dr. Kathleen Brown for her thoughtfulness and diligence as my reader. Without her consistent guidance, encouragement and helpful comments, I would not have been able to produce this thesis. I am proud to say this thesis is the culmination of my educational experience because Dr. Brown pushed me to achieve my best throughout this process. I would also like to thank my brother, Alex Ludlum, who generously helped me edit portions of this thesis. I would also like to thank my family as a whole for constantly supporting me and giving me experiences, which eventually led me to this thesis topic. Special appreciation to Professor Bowman who introduced me to the topic of Depressive Realism, and to Eoin Whitney who debated this topic with me, so I could have a better refute to the counter arguments of this paper. Lastly, I'd like to thank Poppa Lab for always being open and welcoming me with its luxurious double screens and free printing. Introduction An ancient mystery of the human experience, happiness is the goal of most, yet a single concrete definition does not exist. Many have theorized about how happiness is obtained, leading questions to arise such as how much of happiness is predetermined? Are some more likely than others to experience happiness? How much do environmental factors affect the achievement of happiness? This paper will explore how human personality affects happiness, whether positive illusions facilitate happiness, and whether those who are less happy are more realistic. I will begin by giving a brief background of personality psychology, involving theories and current definitions of personality dimensions. Next I will explore philosophical, biological and psychological theories of happiness and how they have evolved over time. After the background on both personality psychology and happiness, an investigation of whether or not personality is biologically determined or environmentally driven will address the question of whether some people (based on personality) are predisposed to being happy. This investigation will include current studies in genetics, biology and neuroscience. I will go on to review psychological studies on the relationship between personality and psychological well-being. This section will show which aspects of personality are relevant to happiness. I will explore studies which test extraversion, introversion, neuroticism, positive affect, and negative affect. 2 After establishing this relationship, I will explore positive illusions in two aspects. The first will be an exploration of …
Energy system contribution in a maximal incremental test: correlations with pacing and overall performance in a 10-km running trial

This study aimed to verify the association between the contribution of energy systems during an incremental exercise test (IET), pacing, and performance during a 10-km running time trial. Thirteen male recreational runners completed an incremental exercise test on a treadmill to determine the respiratory compensation point (RCP), maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max), peak treadmill speed (PTS), and energy systems contribution; and a 10-km running time trial (T10-km) to determine endurance performance. The fractions of the aerobic (WAER) and glycolytic (WGLYCOL) contributions were calculated for each stage based on the oxygen uptake and the oxygen energy equivalents derived by blood lactate accumulation, respectively. Total metabolic demand (WTOTAL) was the sum of these two energy systems. Endurance performance during the T10-km was moderately correlated with RCP, V˙O2maxand PTS (P<@0.05), and moderate-to-highly correlated with WAER, WGLYCOL, and WTOTAL (P<0.05). In addition, WAER, WGLYCOL, and WTOTAL were also significantly correlated with running speed in the middle (P<0.01) and final (P<0.01) sections of the T10-km. These findings suggest that the assessment of energy contribution during IET is potentially useful as an alternative variable in the evaluation of endurance runners, especially because of its relationship with specific parts of a long-distance race.
Putting all students in one basket does not produce equality: gender-specific effects of curricular intensification in upper secondary school

ABSTRACT In recent decades, several countries have made an effort to increase the enrollment rates and performance of students in science and mathematics by means of mandatory, rigorous course work, which is often referred to as curricular intensification (CI). However, there is a lack of research on intended and unintended effects of CI reforms on achievement and motivation. Using representative data from the National Educational Panel Study, we examined effects of a prototypical CI reform in 1 German state. We compared data from the last student cohort before and the first student cohort after the reform at the end of upper secondary school. There was no statistically significant effect on average achievement. However, we found first evidence for differential effects on English reading and a higher English self-concept of young men after the reform, whereas the reform had a negative effect on young women’s math self-concept.
Water Wave Animation via Wavefront Parameter Interpolation

We present an efficient wavefront tracking algorithm for animating bodies of water that interact with their environment. Our contributions include: a novel wavefront tracking technique that enables dispersion, refraction, reflection, and diffraction in the same simulation; a unique multivalued function interpolation method that enables our simulations to elegantly sidestep the Nyquist limit; a dispersion approximation for efficiently amplifying the number of simulated waves by several orders of magnitude; and additional extensions that allow for time-dependent effects and interactive artistic editing of the resulting animation. Our contributions combine to give us multitudes more wave details than similar algorithms, while maintaining high frame rates and allowing close camera zooms.
Qualitative Assessment across Language Barriers: An Action Research Study

If students cannot express themselves in the language of the assessor, and if the assessor is not familiar with the cultural constraints within which students operate, it is difficult for the assessor to collect evidence of adequate performance. This article describes the assessment of three digital artefacts where the assessor strove to understand, rather than rate the students and their achievement. Three distinct approaches were followed. The first was positivist, rubric-based. The second was post-structural/interpretive, with groupwork and peer assessment. The third was feminist/holistic relying principally on students’ own presentation of video material of what they did. Data sources include artifacts produced by students, assessment rubrics and assessment scores. Results indicate that qualitative assessment with criteria negotiated between the instructor/assessor, the twelve learners and their peers over a period of two years, allowed for a ‘thick description’ of the evaluation experience that adds to student development. Further research needs to be conducted into standardizing the procedures of auditing assessments, rather than standardizing procedures of assessing.
Androgen metabolism in sebaceous glands from subjects with and without acne.

OBJECTIVE To determine if there are differences in the activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 5alpha-reductase (responsible for the production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, respectively) in sebaceous glands obtained from men and women with and without acne. DESIGN Single-center examination of androgen levels and sebaceous gland enzyme activity in a cohort of volunteers. SETTING Academic referral center. PATIENTS Thirty-four subjects, consisting of 8 women with acne, 10 women without acne, 8 men with acne, and 8 men without acne. INTERVENTIONS Single visit for blood sampling and 2 biopsies of forehead skin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum levels of androgens were determined and compared with the activity of 5alpha-reductase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in sebaceous glands microdissected from skin samples. RESULTS No significant differences in the activity of 5alpha-reductase or 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in sebaceous glands according to the presence of acne were noted in either men or women. The activity of 5alpha-reductase and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was significantly greater in sebaceous glands from men (n = 16) than women (n = 17). The oxidative activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was 2-fold higher in men than women. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone were significantly higher in women with acne than in women without acne. No differences in serum androgen levels were noted in men on the basis of the presence of acne. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum androgen levels are associated with the presence of acne in women. A role for locally produced androgens in this process, however, cannot be excluded.
THE COMPOSITION OF THE CELL SAP OF THE PLANT IN RELATION TO THE ABSORPTION OF IONS

1. Chemical examination of the cell sap of Nitella showed that the concentrations of all the principal inorganic elements, K, SO4, Ca, Mg, PO4, Cl, and Na, were very much higher than in the water in which the plants were growing. 2. Conductivity measurements and other considerations lead to the conclusion that all or nearly all of the inorganic elements present in the cell sap exist in ionic state. 3. The insoluble or combined elements found in the cell wall or protoplasm included Ca, Mg, S, Si, Fe, and Al. No potassium was present in insoluble form. Calcium was predominant. 4. The hydrogen ion concentration of healthy cells was found to be approximately constant, at pH 5.2. This value was not changed even when the outside solution varied from pH 5.0 to 9.0. 5. The penetration of NO3 ion into the cell sap from dilute solutions was definitely influenced by the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. Penetration was much more rapid from a slightly acid solution than from an alkaline one. It is possible that the NO3 forms a combination with some constituent of the cell wall or of the protoplasm. 6. The exosmosis of chlorine from Nitella cells was found to be a delicate test for injury or altered permeability. 7. Dilute solutions of ammonium salts caused the reaction of the cell sap to increase its pH value. This change was accompanied by injury and exosmosis of chlorine. 8. Apparently the penetration of ions into the cell may take place from a solution of low concentration into a solution of higher concentration. 9. Various comparisons with higher plants are drawn, with reference to buffer systems, solubility of potassium, removal of nitrate from solution, etc.
Software transactional memory vs. locking in a functional language: a controlled experiment

Many researchers believe that software transactional memory (STM) will play an important role in the transition to multicore systems. However, little effort has been placed on assessing whether STM delivers on its promises of avoiding common concurrent/parallel programming pitfalls. In this paper, we describe a controlled experiment aiming to evaluate the ease of using STM. The study targets Haskell, a purely functional programming language that includes a mature implementation of STM. It compares the use of STM and Haskell's lock-based concurrency control mechanism to develop a program with (coarse-grained) mutual exclusion and synchronization requirements. We organized the 51 subjects in two groups, one for each technique. We found out that the two techniques did not differ significantly in terms of concurrency errors, number of LoC and time to develop the resulting programs. However, for programs where developers made only non-concurrency-related mistakes, STM programmers finished their assignments quicker.
End-to-end Verification of Security Enforcement is Fine (Extended version)

Proving software free of security bugs is hard. Programming language support to ensure that programs correctly enforce their security policies would help, but, to date, no language has the ability to verify the enforcement of the kinds of policies used in practice— dynamic, stateful policies which address a broad range of concerns including forms of access control and information flow tracking. This paper makes two main contributions. First, we present FINE, a new source-level security-typed language that, through the use of a simple module system and dependent, refinement, and affine types, can be used to check the enforcement of dynamic security policies applied to real software. Second, we define DCIL, a small extension to the type system of the . NET Common Intermediate Language, and show how to compile FINE in a type-preserving manner to DCIL. Our approach allows FINE programs to run on stock . NET virtual machines and to interface with . NET libraries. Additionally, our type-preserving compiler allows code consumers to download DCIL programs and check them for security while relying on a small trusted computing base. We have proved our source and target languages sound, our compilation type-preserving, and have made a prototype implementation of our compiler and several example programs available.
A Spectroscopic Study of the Environments of Gravitational Lens Galaxies

We present the first results from our spectroscopic survey of strong gravitational lens environments. Six of the eight lens galaxies in our sample belong to a poor group of galaxies, three of which are newly discovered here (those associated with BRI 0952-0115, MG 1654+1346, and B2114+022). For the three previously known groups (surrounding MG 0751+2716, PG 1115+080, and B1422+231), we more than double the number of group members. The group velocity dispersions range from 110 to 470 km s-1. The higher velocity dispersions of the richer groups (MG 0751, PG 1115, and B1422) are consistent with those of nearby X-ray-luminous groups; the lower velocity dispersions of the other groups are more typical of dynamically younger groups. The lens galaxy is the brightest member in fewer than half of the groups. The brightest group galaxy is an early-type galaxy that, at least for the poorer groups, lies outside the group centroid and on an orbit indistinguishable from other group members. In at least three cases, MG 0751, PG 1115, and B1422, the group environment significantly affects the lens potential. These happen to be the quadruply imaged lenses in our sample, suggesting a connection between image configuration and environment. Finally, we assess the importance of line-of-sight mass structures, showing that, in principle, the lens potential may be affected by structures lying at a wide range of spatial and redshift offsets from the lens. We quantify the real line-of-sight effects, finding that four of the eight systems have substantial interloping structures and that at least one of those (behind MG 0751) significantly affects the lens potential.
The Pattern of Knowledge Flows between Technology Fields: modularity, near-decomposability and autocatalytic sets.

We think of the disciplinary technological knowledge available in the economy as subdivided into di¤erent disciplinary elds, or simply elds, which only partly correspond to application domains. A eld identi es a set of funcional or phenotipic traits in the broad technology domain. The set of technology elds existing at a given date and the relations between them are understood to be the outcome of the way in which the human society has historically explored and exploited the set of possibilities o¤ered by the physical world. Technological determinism is therefore inappropriate, in that there is a social element inherent to the architecture of technology. Innovations, that is, additions to the stock of technological knowledge, can be incremental, radical, or network. The scope of a disciplinary- eld de nition is su¢ ciently narrow that radical innovations are understood as exogenous events a¤ecting the number and quality of technology elds. Network innovations are changes in the matrix describing the active cross- eld learning interfaces and the strength of these knowledge connections. Incremental innovations are those additions to the knowledge stock originating in a speci c eld that do not a¤ect the set of available elds or the design of cross eld interactions. The average number of incremental innovations per unit of time in a given eld depends on two main factors: in the rst place, the set of innovation opportunities available in that eld, in the second place the innovation e¤ort in the same eld. In this paper we assume that innovation opportunities are primarily determined by the progressive local knowledge base. This consists of the subset of ideas that are known by R&D laboratories currently operating in the given technology eld and that are potentially conducive to useful
Soft Tissue Modeling Using Tetrahedron Finite Element Method in Surgery Simulation

Biological soft tissue modeling and simulation is an important part in virtual surgery simulation. Finite element methods are valuable because of their extreme speed and high accuracy for soft tissue modeling, but they are not suitable for surgery incision simulation. In this paper, we propose a new method for soft tissue deformation and cutting simulation using a new linear elastic tetrahedron finite element method that can be used in soft tissue modeling simulation, and yet still achieve a satisfactory computing speed. The experimental result proved that this method allows a fast and physically accurate simulation of incision procedures.