Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimation of reflective surfaces from continuous signals

The geometry of an enclosure is of interest for example when synthesizing impulse responses or when studying concert halls. Recently, several approaches for estimation of the room geometry, or the reflective surfaces, have been proposed. These approaches use a priori information of the source signal for the room geometry estimation, typically, impulse response measurements. Here, a method for estimating the reflective surfaces from continuous signals, such as speech or music, is proposed. The method is based on inverse mapping of the acoustic multi-path propagation problem. The validity of the method is demonstrated in a real auditorium. With reasonable signal-to-noise ratio the proposed algorithm has less than 0.05 m error in the position of the point of reflection and less than 1 degree of error in the direction of the normal of the surface.
Hemodynamic Effects on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis

Hemodynamics is the field of fluid mechanics concerned with quantitating the forces generated by blood flow and pressure on interactions between the blood and the vessel wall. It has been recognized for many years that these mechanical forces have localiz ing effects in atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The evi dence for this is the focal nature of atherosclerotic lesions 1 and adherent thrombi, 2 which correlate with regions of hemodynamic disturbance. 3 Support for the hypothesis that mechanical forces are initiating factors comes from the fact that veins develop lesions when subjected to arterial flow and pressure, clini cally and experimentally applied through arteriove nous fistulas. 4 ' 5 Both regions of high and low shear stress have been implicated in atherogenesis. The local rate of change of stress may be as important as the absolute level.
Mineralocorticoid Receptors Mediate Cardiac Remodelling in Morphine‐Dependent Rats

Acute morphine administration decreases cardiac responses to ischaemic injury. This project has determined whether induction of morphine dependence in rats by gradually increasing morphine doses for 21 days induces structural and functional changes in the cardiovascular system because of mineralocorticoid receptor activation, as morphine increases plasma corticosterone concentrations. Morphine‐dependent rats showed ventricular hypertrophy, increased collagen deposition in the left ventricle together with an increased ventricular stiffness and increased plasma malondialdehyde concentrations without changes in systolic blood pressure or thoracic aortic responsiveness. These parameters were attenuated or normalised in morphine‐dependent rats treated with spironolactone (50 mg/kg/day) from days 14–21. These results suggest that morphine dependence induces ventricular remodelling and increased oxidative stress that can be prevented by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, spironolactone.
Echinococcus granulosus Sensu Stricto in Dogs and Jackals from Caspian Sea Region, Northern Iran

Background: The aim of the present study was genotyping of Echinococcus granulosus isolates from dogs and jackals in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran, and using partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1). Methods: E. granulosus isolates (n = 15) were collected from 42 stray dogs and 16 jackals found in south of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran. After morphological study, the isolates were genetically characterized using consensus sequences (366bp) of the cox1 gene. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 nucleotide sequence data was performed using a Bayesian Inference approach. Results: Four different sequences were observed among the isolates. Two genotypes [G1 (66.7%) and G3 (33.3%)] were identified among the isolates. The G1 sequences indicated three sequence profiles. One profile (Maz1) had 100% homology with reference sequence (AN: KP339045). Two other profiles, designated Maz2 and Maz3, had 99% homology with the G1 genotype (ANs: KP339046 and KP339047). A G3 sequence designated Maz4 showed 100% homology with a G3 reference sequence (AN: KP339048). Conclusion: The occurrence of the G1 genotype of E. granulosus sensu stricto as a frequent genotype in dogs is emphasized. This study established the first molecular characterization of E. granulosus in the province.
Energy Group Buying With Loading Sharing for Green Cellular Networks

In the emerging hybrid electricity market, mobile network operators (MNOs) of cellular networks can make day-ahead energy purchase commitments at low prices and real-time flexible energy purchase at high prices. To minimize electricity bills, it is essential for MNOs to jointly optimize the day-ahead and real-time energy purchase based on their time-varying wireless traffic load. In this paper, we consider two different MNOs coexisting in the same area, and exploit their collaboration in both energy purchase and wireless load sharing for energy cost saving. Specifically, we propose a new approach named energy group buying with load sharing, in which the two MNOs are aggregated as a single group to make the day-ahead and real-time energy purchase, and their base stations (BSs) share the wireless traffic to maximally turn lightly-loaded BSs into sleep mode. When the two MNOs belong to the same entity and aim to minimize their total energy cost, we use the two-stage stochastic programming to obtain the optimal day-ahead and real-time energy group buying jointly with wireless load sharing. When the two MNOs belong to different entities and are self-interested in minimizing their individual energy costs, we propose a novel repeated Nash bargaining scheme for them to negotiate and share their energy costs under energy group buying and load sharing. Our proposed repeated Nash bargaining scheme is shown to achieve Pareto-optimal and fair energy cost reductions for both MNOs.
77-GHz Automotive Radar Sensor System With Antenna Integrated Package

In this paper, a 3-D integrated 77-GHz automotive radar front-end is presented. Embedded wafer level packaging (EMWLP) technology is proposed to eliminate the use of wire bonding, which not only introduces significant radio frequency loss, but also occupies large footprint for high-pin count die. The transceiver bare die is embedded in a reconfigured molded wafer with compression molding process. Double-sided multiple redistribution layers are formed to fan-out the transceiver input/output signals and through mold via is employed to realize the vertical interconnection. With these promising features, the EMWLP technology can be extended to a 3-D integration. A substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna is integrated on top of the EMWLP module and a lens is used to enhance the antenna directivity. The performance of the fully integrated radar front-end is tested and the measurement results show good package performance with RF loss around 5 dB for most of the samples. Temperature cycling reliability test was also performed by letting the fully integrated prototype goes through 1000 temperature cycles with JEDEC standard. The measured package loss spread across samples after 1000 cycles of TC test is about 13 dB, which is mainly due to the antenna warpage affecting the RF path's signal integrity.
UAV search planning based on perceptual cue

Nowadays various unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have been popularly used to perform intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance mission. In the practical application the search planning is kernel problem for UAV. This paper presents a UAV search planning algorithm based on perceptual cue, which uses the predicting information to plan the UAV search route. The predicting information shows the probability of the situation and can be used to find the optimization strategy to complete the UAV's mission. The Monte Carlo simulation proves that this algorithm can promote the UAVsearch efficiency.
Empirical Comparison of Test Data Generation Techniques using Activity Diagrams

Unified Modeling Language) is now a leading standard for defining software processes. Test data generation is advantageous in early phases of software development. Activity diagrams are user and developers' friendly because of the ease in their understanding. Many papers have presented techniques for test data generation using activity diagrams. These techniques have their own specific benefits considering required test data to be generated. On application of these techniques on same input i.e. activity diagrams, differences and similarities emerge evidently. These outcomes can provide clarity among testers, so as to decide upon the technique for test data generation depending upon the phase and type of test data required. In this paper we performed a comparative study of the five techniques of test data generation based on activity diagrams using ten examples.
The Cohomology Ring of Weight Varieties and Polygon Spaces

We use a theorem of S. Tolman and J. Weitsman (The cohomology rings of Abelian symplectic quotients, math. DG/9807173) to find explicit formulae for the rational cohomology rings of the symplectic reduction of flag varieties in Cn, or generic coadjoint orbits of SU(n), by (maximal) torus actions. We also calculate the cohomology ring of the moduli space of n points in CPk, which is isomorphic to the Grassmannian of k planes in Cn, by realizing it as a degenerate coadjoint orbit.
Flotillin-1 Regulates IgE Receptor-Mediated Signaling in Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL-2H3) Cells

Cross-linking of high-affinity IgE receptors by multivalent Ag on mast cells (rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3) induces the phosphorylation of ITAM motifs of an IgE receptor by Src family tyrosine kinase, Lyn. The phosphorylation of IgE receptors is followed by a series of intracellular signals, such as Ca2+ mobilization, MAPK activation, and degranulation. Therefore, Lyn is a key molecule in the activation of mast cells, but the molecular mechanisms for the activation of Lyn are still unclear. Recently, it is suggested that the localization of Lyn in lipid rafts is critical for its activation in several cell lines, although the precise mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we found that flotillin-1, which is localized in lipid rafts, is involved in the process of Lyn activation. We obtained flotillin-1 knockdown (KD)2 rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 cells, which express a low level of flotillin-1. In the flotillin-1 KD cells, we observed a significant decrease in Ca2+ mobilization, the phosphorylation of ERKs, tyrosine phosphorylation of the γ-subunit of IgE receptor, and IgE receptor-mediated degranulation. We also found that flotillin-1 is constitutively associated with Lyn in lipid rafts in RBL-2H3 cells, and Ag stimulation induced the augmentation of flotillin-1 binding to Lyn, resulting in enhancement of kinase activity of Lyn. These results suggest that flotillin-1 is an essential molecule in IgE receptor-mediated mast cell activation, and regulates the kinase activity of Lyn in lipid rafts.
A Delphi-based consensus study into planning for biological incidents.

OBJECTIVE Biological incidents present a significant threat to health services in the UK. The objective of this study was to achieve consensus in all phases of biological incident planning and response. METHODS A three-round Delphi study was conducted using a panel of 23 experts from specialities involved in the management of biological incidents. The consensus and non-consensus outcomes from the Delphi study were subsequently presented for discussion in four syndicate groups at a one-day consensus conference funded by the Health Protection Agency. RESULTS The results of each syndicate group discussion were presented at a subsequent plenary session at the end of the conference. Further iteration of both the consensus and the non-consensus outcomes of the Delphi study resulted in the endorsement, modification, integration or rejection of individual statements. 125 consensus statements were produced. CONCLUSIONS The 125 synopsis consensus statements that all phases of biological incident planning and response. These can be used to inform policy decisions and translated into practical guidance for emergency planners and first responders at local, regional and national levels.
Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymers Using Carbon Nanotubes

Owing to their unique mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes are considered to be ideal candidates for polymer reinforcement. However, a large amount of work must be done in order to realize their full potential. Effective processing of nanotubes and polymers to fabricate new ultra‐strong composite materials is still a great challenge. This Review explores the progress that has already been made in the area of mechanical reinforcement of polymers using carbon nanotubes. First, the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes and the system requirements to maximize reinforcement are discussed. Then, main methods described in the literature to produce and process polymer–nanotube composites are considered and analyzed. After that, mechanical properties of various nanotube–polymer composites prepared by different techniques are critically analyzed and compared. Finally, remaining problems, the achievements so far, and the research that needs to be done in the future are discussed.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays based on polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for rotavirus detection

We describe two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for rotavirus antigen in feces, which were designed to be as sensitive and specific as possible, and easy to use anywhere. Both are indirect methods, using the antibody capture method, but the second assay utilizes a rotavirus group-specific monoclonal "detecting" antibody instead of the hyperimmune polyvalent guinea pig antisera used in the first assay. Both tests were found to be more sensitive than electron microscopy for detecting virus. To develop these tests, solid phase, antiserum production methods, treatment of the test antigen with EDTA, substrate, stability of reagents, and the need for confirmatory "blocking" tests were all examined. The first assay described is that used at present by the World Health Organization for their worldwide diarrheal disease control program.
Feature Selection Using Genetic Algorithm for Face Recognition Based on PCA, Wavelet and SVM

Many events, such as terrorist attacks, exposed serious weaknesses in most sophisticated security systems. So it is necessary to improve security data systems based on the body or behavioral characteristics, called biometrics. With the growing interest in the development of human and computer interface and biometric identification, human face recognition has become an active research area. Face recognition offers several advantages over other biometric methods. Nowadays Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely adopted for the face recognition algorithm. Yet still, PCA has limitations such as poor discriminatory power and large computational load. This paper proposed a novel algorithm for face recognition in which a low frequency component of the wavelet is used for PCA representation. Best features of PCA are selected using the genetic algorithm (GA). Support vector machine (SVM) and nearest neighbor classifier (ND) are used for classification. Classification accuracy is examined by changing number of training images, number of features and kernel function. Results are evaluated on ORL, FERET, Yale and YaleB databases. Experiments showed that proposed method gives a better recognition rate than other popular methods.
On Skewed Multi-dimensional Distributions: the FusionRP Model, Algorithms, and Discoveries

How do we model and find outliers in Twitter data? Given the number of retweets of each person on a social network, what is their expected number of comments? Real-life data are often very skewed, exhibiting power-law-like behavior. For such skewed multidimensional discrete data, the existing models are not general enough to capture various realistic scenarios, and often need to be discretized as they often model continuous quantities. We propose FusionRP, short for Fusion Restaurant Process, a simple and intuitive model for skewed multi-dimensional discrete distributions, such as number of retweets vs. comments in Twitter-like data. Our model is discrete by design, has provably asymptotic log-logistic sum of marginals , is general enough to capture varied relationships, and most importantly, and fits the real data very well. We give an effective and scalable maximum-likelihood based fitting approach that is linear in the number of unique observed values and the input dimension. We test FusionRP on a twitter-like social network with 2.2M users, a phone call network with 1.9M call records, game data with 45M users and Facebook data with 2.5M posts. Our results show that FusionRP significantly outperforms several alternative methods and can detect outliers, such as bot-like behaviors in the Facebook data.
The Numerical Study of Piston Ring Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication by the Multigrid Method

Numerical analysis of elastohydrodynamic lubrication of piston rings requires that the solutions are able to converge quickly. In this paper, a new powerful numerical method, the Multigrid method, has been introduced, and the numerical problem has been solved successfully. The computing process and practice are expounded. In addition, a new radial force equilibrium equation taking the internal force into account has been proposed and a more precise formula for calculating the radial displacement has been used. Both of these make the calculations more accurate. The oil film thickness values presented in this paper have been compared with those published before. It can be shown that former values are closer to the measured values.
1.5-μm-band wavelength conversion based on cascaded second-order nonlinearity in LiNbO3 waveguides

We report wavelength conversion and spectral inversion using cascaded second-order nonlinearity in periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides pumped at 1.5 /spl mu/m. The converter has an internal conversion efficiency of -8 dB, a conversion bandwidth of 76 nm, and a constant conversion efficiency for the 50-dB range of signal powers tested.
Finite Element Simulation and Analysis of Initial Residual Stress Field for Titanium Alloy Monolithic Component Blank

In this paper, the initial residual stress field for titanium alloy monolithic component blank is simulated and analyzed by applying a sequentially coupled thermal and mechanical procedure based on finite element method. The control equation of heat conduction of annealing process is studied, and the boundary condition and fundamental equations of simulation are given. The research results show that the initial residual stress field for titanium alloy monolithic component blank radiates from the center region to outside, the center region being the maximum value, then decreases gradually, until a minimum value is attained at the corner.
Understanding and facilitating the browsing of electronic text

Browsing tends to be used in two distinctive ways, alternatively associated with the goal of the activity and with the method by which the goal is achieved. In this study, the definition of browsing combines aspects of both concepts to define browsing as an activity in which one gathers information while scanning an information space without an explicit purpose. The objective of this research was to examine how browsers interact with their browsing environment while manipulating two types of interface tools constructed from the content.Forty-seven adults (24 males) performed the two types of tasks (one with no purpose and the second, a control, purposeful) in four sessions over a period of four weeks. Participants scanned and/or searched the textual content of current issue plus three months of back issues of the Halifax Chronicle Herald/Mail Star using a system designed specifically for this research. At any one time only one of each type of tool was available.Those with no assigned goal examined significantly more articles and explored more menu options. They made quick decisions about which articles to examine, spending twice as much time reading the content. They tended not to explore the newspaper to a great extent, examining only 24% of the articles in a single issue. About three-quarters of what they examined was new information on topics that they had not known about before being exposed to the paper. The type of menu had no impact on performance, but differences were discovered between the two items-to-browse tools. Those with no goal selected more articles from the Suggestions and found more interesting articles when the Suggestions were available.
Properties of the Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis protein CheF, a homolog of the Salmonella typhimurium flagellar protein FliJ

The nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis cheF was corrected. It encodes an 18-kDa protein that is homologous to FliJ, a protein required for formation of basal bodies in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Methanol release is abnormal in cheF mutants, suggesting that the morphology and functioning of the motor affects methanol formation.
Conditional Random Fields for Classification of Protein Families : An Alternative to Hidden Markov Models

Classification of a protein into a family of related proteins on the basis of its amino acid sequence is frequently done via a probabilistic model, usually a hidden Markov model (HMM). However, there are a variety of reasons based on general modeling issues, the statistical properties of protein sequences, or biological considerations that suggest that HMMs may not be the best type of probabilistic model to use for this classification task. In this paper we examine some issues in the use of HMMs as protein family profilers, and propose the use of another type of probabilistic model for this problem, namely the conditional random field (CRF); we also outline the the design of a CRF model to be used as a protein family classifier. 1. Protein Families and Sequence Classification A protein family may be defined (loosely) as a group of proteins with similar biochemical function and a high degree of sequence identity when aligned. The classification of a protein’s residue sequence as a member of a particular family is an important goal of bioinformatics; as Borodovsky and Ekisheva say ([BD], p.126), . it is important to develop efficient computational tools able to assign a protein from a newly predicted gene to one of [the] already established families, thus characterizing the protein based on its amino acid sequence alone. They go on to enumerate the desiderata for a protein family classification algorithm: The computational tools that are required to solve the classification problem should be able to: (i) make use of known structural patterns specific for a given family, (ii) detect the family patterns in the new protein sequence by alignment of the new protein to the family model, and (iii) assess the statistical significance of the detected similarity in order to help correctly identify the true family members. Currently, membership in a protein family is usually determined in one of two ways: first, by a multiple sequence alignment, or second, by being scored with a probabilistic model. Overwhelmingly the type of probabilistic model chosen to model a protein family has been the hidden Markov model, or HMM.