Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Related to Discontinuation of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin-Infusion Therapy

To determine the factors related to discontinuation of continuous subcutaneous insulin-infusion (CSII) therapy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we analyzed clinical data from a group of 177 patients followed for up to 5 yr. Fifty-one (29%) of the patients made a decision to terminate CSII during the study. Of the clinical characteristics present before the onset of treatment with an insulin pump, the most important variable to predict a future decision to terminate CSII was pregnancy, followed by female gender. In addition, there was a greater percentage of smokers, single or divorced patients, and patients with a history of treatment for mental illness in the dropout group, although none of these differences was statistically significant. There was no correlation between discontinuation of CSII and age, duration of diabetes, or prepump concentrations of HbA1c. Events occurring during CSII were also analyzed for predictive value. Patients who discontinued CSII had a higher incidence of ketoacidosis and a lower incidence of hypoglycemic coma while using a pump. The most common reason reported by patients for terminating CSII therapy, cited by 24 (47%) of the 51, was discomfort, irritation, or infection at the infusion site.
Incidence of psychometric symptoms in rape victims.

Some women who have been raped experience depression, nervousness, and anxiety; neurocirculatory symptoms (Burgess & Holmstrom, 1974a; Selkin, 1978); and changes in sexual behavior and satisfaction (Becker, Abel, & Skin? ner, 1979; Burgess & Holstrom, 1974b; Feldman-Summers, Gordon, & Meagher, 1979; Gager & Schun, 1976). Also, Norris and Feldman-Summers (1981) noted that victims of rape are more Ukely to report psychosomatic symptoms foUowing the assault than they were to report suffering before the assault, and these symptoms increase as the severity of the assault increases. The psychological impact of rape can be lasting: fear, anxiety, paranoia, and phobic reactions have been reported as continuing in victims 1 year after the attack (Kilpatrick, Resick, & Veronen, 1981). Although some symptoms seem to ease substantially 3 months following the assault, after as much as 6 months foUowing the assault, victims stiU score at least one standard devia? tion above the mean for nonvictims on obsessive-compulsive behaviors, anxiety, and phobias (Kilpatrick, Veronen, & Resick, 1979). Both fearfulness (Calhoun, Atkeson, Resick, & EUis, 1982) and depression (Frank & Stewart, 1984) have been reported to decUne and stabiUze at 6-12 months postassault. Subjective ratings of Ufe events have been found to predict subsequent depressive symptomotology (Monroe, Imhoff, Wise, & Harris, 1983). Subjects were more Ukely to exhibit depressive symptoms if they perceived their previous Ufe events to be undesirable. The perception of an event, not merely the occurrence of the Ufe event itself, may influence stress levels, thereby in? fluencing somatic distress. Byrne and Whyte (1980) reported that myocardial infarct patients perceive their Ufe events as having been more emotionally distressing than patients who have not suffered myocarial infarction. In other words, the perception of the event may be more important than the event itself when related to somatic health factors. I conducted this investigation to repUcate and to extend the research con? cerning the effects of rape, with an emphasis on somatic disorders. I hypothe? sized that the frequency and severity of somatic complaints suffered by rape victims is correlated significantly with the victim's perception of the rape. Also, I anticipated that the frequency and severity of somatic complaints of
Fabrication and numerical simulation of the permeable base transistor

A new transistor structure has been reported in which a thin tungsten grating has been embedded inside a single crystal of gallium arsenide. The embedded metal grating, which forms a Schottky barrier with the gallium arsenide, is the base of the transistor and can be used to raise and lower a potential barrier in the semiconductor between the grating lines. The name given to this device is the permeable base transistor (PBT). Devices have been fabricated with a noise figure of 3.5 dB, an associated gain of 9 dB at 4 GHz, and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 17 GHz. This transistor structure is numerically modeled over a wide range of metal grating thicknesses, periodicities, and carrier concentrations. The results from these simulations have been condensed into a unified equation for the base-to-collector transfer characteristic which is valid for the PBT, FET's, and bipolar transistors, and simplifies the comparison between different device structures. A new iterative technique has been used to approximate the nonequilibrium electron velocity, leading to a predicted fTabove 200 GHz, a maximum frequency of oscillation near 1000 GHz and a power-delay product below 1 fJ for devices with small grating dimensions and large carder concentrations.
Lowering frame-buffering requirements of 3-D wavelet transform coding of interactive video

In this paper, we present a 3-D wavelet compression technique for image sequences in video conferencing applications. One of the main requirements for such applications is that the delay has to be within some acceptable limit. When applying wavelet decomposition in the temporal direction, we must store a large number of frames so that such a decomposition can be effective. But this translates into a correspondingly large algorithmic delay. A technique to avoid this obstacle will be proposed. The basic idea is to overlap the decomposition with previous frames that have already been transmitted and selectively transmitting only the new wavelet coefficients.
Ultra-Low-voltage gain-Enhanced Four-phase charge pump without Body effect

In this paper, an ultra-low-voltage gain-enhanced four-phase charge pump is proposed. The proposed charge pump is designed in 0.18 μm 1.8 V standard CMOS process with high voltage boosting efficiency when the supply voltage is between 0.5 V and 1.8 V. Moreover, it eliminates the body effect by means of adding two auxiliary substrate switching PMOS transistor. The simulation results show that the proposed charge pump has higher efficiency than the other two low voltage charge pumps when the resistive load is 100 M ohm and the supply voltage is between 0.5 and 1.8 V. A test chip has been realized in a 0.18 μm 1.8 V standard CMOS process. The test results show perfect performance when the supply voltage is between 0.7 and 1.8 V. The proposed charge pump is quite suitable for low power applications.
emm Typing of M Nontypeable Invasive Group A Streptococcal Isolates in Israel

ABSTRACT We performed emm typing of M nontypeable invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates collected in a prospective population-based study in Israel. One hundred twenty of 131 isolates (92%) had emm sequences compatible with GAS, consisting of 51 different emm types. Eleven isolates were found to be group G streptococcus. Of the 120 isolates, 55 (46%) belonged to 32 types for which there were no typing sera available in the Streptococcal Reference Laboratory in Israel. The other 65 (64%) isolates, consisting of 19 types, had sera available and therefore could have been serotyped. Forty-three isolates had T and emm types which were not correlated according to standard M-typing protocols and were therefore missed. The principal effect of emm typing was the addition of 32 types not previously identified in Israel and the discovery of new associations between emm and T types. emm typing did not significantly change the proportion of M types; the five most common types were 3, 28, 2, 62, and 41. Twenty different types comprised 80% of all isolates. No new emm sequences were discovered. emm typing emphasized the unusually low incidence of M1 strains causing severe disease in Israel. As serological typing of GAS becomes more problematic due to lack of sera and the appearance of new emm types, reference laboratories should replace M typing with emm sequence typing. Development of a GAS vaccine relies on the emm type distributions in different geographical locations. In our study, 7% of isolates (types 41 and 62) are not included in a 26-valent vaccine that is being studied.
Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

BACKGROUND Patients with mild asthma frequently have only exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, a symptom of inadequate control of asthma. We evaluated the ability of montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, to protect such patients against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. METHODS We randomly assigned 110 patients (age, 15 to 45 years) with mild asthma and a decrease in the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of at least 20 percent after exercise on two occasions during a placebo run-in period to receive 10 mg of montelukast (54 patients) or placebo (56 patients) once daily at bedtime for 12 weeks in a double-blind study. Treatment was followed by a two-week, single-blind washout period during which all patients received placebo. Exercise challenges were performed at base line; 20 to 24 hours after dosing at weeks 4, 8, and 12; and at the end of the washout period. The primary end point was the area under the curve for FEV1 (expressed as the percent change from base-line values) in the first 60 minutes after exercise. This measure summarized the extent and duration of bronchoconstriction after exercise. RESULTS At 12 weeks, montelukast therapy offered significantly greater protection against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction than placebo therapy (expressed as the percentage of inhibition of the end points), as evidenced by the improvement in the area under the FEV1 curve (degree of inhibition, 47.4 percent; P=0.002). Montelukast therapy was also associated with a significant improvement in the maximal decrease in FEV1 after exercise (P=0.003) and the time from the maximal decrease in FEV1 to the return of lung function to within 5 percent of pre-exercise values (P=0.04). The differences between groups in the various measures of lung function were similar at 4, 8, and 12 weeks; there was no evidence of rebound worsening of lung function in the montelukast group after the washout period. After 12 weeks of treatment, patients in the montelukast group were more likely to rate their asthma control as better and less likely to require rescue therapy with a beta-agonist during or after exercise challenge. The rates of adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS As compared with placebo, once-daily treatment with montelukast provided significant protection against exercise-induced asthma over a 12-week period. Tolerance to the medication and rebound worsening of lung function after discontinuation of treatment were not seen.
Spiral inductor fabricated by 3D additive manufacturing

This paper presents spiral inductor fabricated by 3D additive manufacturing. The inductor was made with conductive epoxy silver based paste which was injected in spiral channel fabricated in polylactide (PLA) substrate (model) using additive manufacturing technology. The fabricated structure has value of effective inductance around 415 nH, maximum quality factor around 12 and outer dimension diameter 24 mm. The prototype results show good characteristics of 3D additive manufactured spiral inductor and demonstrate an innovative approach to fabricate low-cost, passive devices such as an inductor.
Early expression of AMPA receptors and lack of NMDA receptors in developing rat climbing fibre synapses

Whether nascent glutamatergic synapses acquire their AMPA receptors constitutively or via a regulated pathway triggered by pre‐existing NMDA receptor activation is still an open issue. Here, we provide evidence that some glutamatergic synapses develop without expressing NMDA receptors. Using immunocytochemistry, we showed that synapses between developing rat climbing fibres and Purkinje cells expressed GluR2‐containing AMPA receptors as soon as they were formed (i.e. on embryonic day 19) but never carried detectable NMDA receptors. This was confirmed by electrophysiological recordings. Excitatory synaptic currents were recorded in Purkinje cells as early as P0. However, no NMDA receptor‐mediated component was found in either spontaneous or evoked synaptic responses. In addition, we ruled out a possible role of extrasynaptic NMDA receptors by showing that AMPA receptor clustering at nascent climbing fibre synapses was not modified by chronic in utero NMDA receptor blockade.
BASEMENT MEMBRANES. IV. EPITHELIAL ORGIN AND IMMUNOLOGIC CROSS REACTIONS.

Basement membranes are extracellular, homogeneous layers approximately 0.2 ,u in thickness lying between connective tissue on the one hand and cellular membranes of epithelial, fat or muscle cells on the other. " Ultrastructurally, they appear as homogeneous or faintly fibrillar lamellae, closely adherent to the plasma membrane. Because they are bathed by the interstitial fluids and are intimately associated with collagen and reticulin fibrils, they have been considered to be part of the connective tissue, originating by a condensation of ground substance.2 3 Histochemically, they exhibit many reactions in common with reticulin.4 Not all investigators are in agreement that basement membranes originate from the connective tissue. Kurtz5,6 studied the development of human glomeruli and the thickening of glomerular basement membrane that occur with age and concluded that they originated in part from epithelium. More recently Farquhar, Wissig and Palade7 described cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum in glomerular epithelium distended with material of electron density comparable to the lamina densa. The localization of ferritin-labeled antibody in these cisternae led Andres and associates 8 to the conclusion that glomerular epithelium synthesized the lamina densa. The immunologic reactions of basement membranes have evoked considerable interest. Most of the immunologic studies have been concerned with nephrotoxic nephritis,9"'0 a type of glomerulonephritis which appears when an animal is given injections of antibodies prepared in a foreign host against homologous kidney. Pressman,'1 employing IF31labeled antibody, and Cruickshank and Hill,'2 using fluorescein-labeled antibody, found the antigen responsible for eliciting nephrotoxic anti-
Synthesis and Electrophilic Substitutions of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5-c]-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines

5-Aryl-7-hydrazino-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines 1 were used as precursors for the preparation of a new series of 5-aryl-8-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-c]-1,2,4- triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines 2. The reactions of 2 with certain electrophilic reagents gave the respective 6-substituted derivatives 3-5 rather than the 7-isomeric products. Formylation of the key compounds 1 with ethyl formate yielded the formyl derivatives 6. Furthermore, boiling of compounds 1 with acetic acid afforded 7-acetylhydrazino-5-aryl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines 7. Bromination of 7 yielded the dibromo- derivatives 8, while their iodination and nitration gave the monosubstituted derivatives 9 and 10, respectively. Also, treatment of 1 with boiling acetic anhydride yielded the triacetyl derivatives 11. The structure of synthesized products was confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR and MS spectra.
Sparse Online Learning of Image Similarity

Learning image similarity plays a critical role in real-world multimedia information retrieval applications, especially in Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) tasks, in which an accurate retrieval of visually similar objects largely relies on an effective image similarity function. Crafting a good similarity function is very challenging because visual contents of images are often represented as feature vectors in high-dimensional spaces, for example, via bag-of-words (BoW) representations, and traditional rigid similarity functions, for example, cosine similarity, are often suboptimal for CBIR tasks. In this article, we address this fundamental problem, that is, learning to optimize image similarity with sparse and high-dimensional representations from large-scale training data, and propose a novel scheme of Sparse Online Learning of Image Similarity (SOLIS). In contrast to many existing image-similarity learning algorithms that are designed to work with low-dimensional data, SOLIS is able to learn image similarity from large-scale image data in sparse and high-dimensional spaces. Our encouraging results showed that the proposed new technique achieves highly competitive accuracy as compared to the state-of-the-art approaches but enjoys significant advantages in computational efficiency, model sparsity, and retrieval scalability, making it more practical for real-world multimedia retrieval applications.
Cancer Index and Recurrence Score in Women with Hormone Receptor – Positive Lymph Node – Negative Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose: Previous results from the TransATAC study demonstrated that both the Breast Cancer Index (BCI) and the OncotypeDX Recurrence Score (RS) added significant prognostic information to clinicopathologic factors over a 10-year period. Here, we examined cross-stratification between BCI and RS to directly compare their prognostic accuracy at the individual patient level. Experimental Design: A total of 665 patients with hormone receptor–positive (HRþ) and lymph node–negative disease were included in this retrospective analysis. BCI andRS risk groupswere determined using predefined clinical cut-off points. Kaplan– Meier estimates of 10-year risk of distant recurrence (DR) and log-rank tests were used to examine cross-stratification between BCI and RS. Results: As previously reported, both RS and BCI were significantly prognostic in years 0 to 10. BCI provided significant additional prognostic information to theClinical Treatment Score (CTS) plus RS (DLR-c1⁄4 11.09; P < 0.001), whereas no additional prognostic information was provided by RS to CTS plus BCI (DLR-c 1⁄4 2.22; P 1⁄4 0.1). Restratification by BCI of the low and intermediate RS risk groups led to subgroups with significantly different DR rates (P < 0.001 and P 1⁄4 0.003, respectively). In contrast, restratified subgroups created by RS of BCI risk groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, BCI demonstrated increased prognostic accuracy versus RS. Notably, BCI identified subsets of RS low and RS intermediate risk patients with significant and clinically relevant rates of DR. These results indicate that additional subsets of women with HRþ, lymph node–negative breast cancer identified by BCI may be suitable candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy or extended endocrine therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5043–8. 2016 AACR. See related commentary by Brufsky and Davidson, p. 4963
Sociodemographic differences in the occurrence of teenage pregnancies in Finland in 1987–1998: a follow up study

Study objective: To analyse sociodemographic differences in the occurrence of pregnancies to 14 to 19 year olds and changes in these differences from 1987 to 1998. Design: Follow up of adolescent survey respondents using registers. Setting and subjects: The dataset includes information on all registered pregnancies (abortions, births, and miscarriages, n=2743) of the female respondents (n=28 914) to the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey (AHLS) from 1987 to 1998. In the AHLS, self administered questionnaires were mailed every second year to independent samples of 12, 14, 16, and 18 year olds representative for Finland. Main outcome measure: Relative risk (hazard) of becoming pregnant at teenage. Main results: Girls from lower socioeconomic background had a higher pregnancy risk. Girls who did not live with both parents at the baseline survey had higher pregnancy risk than those who did, and girls who lived in a stepfamily had a higher risk than those who lived in a one parent family. Swedish speaking girls had a lower pregnancy risk than the Finnish speaking girls. There was no systematic change from 1987 to 1998 in most sociodemographic differentials in the teenage pregnancy risk, however, there was some increase in the differences by family structure. Changes in the sociodemographic structure did not explain the levelling off of the downward trend in teenage pregnancy risk, nor did the regional socioeconomic differences explain regional differentials in teenage pregnancy risk. Conclusion: Although the reduction of socioeconomic and regional differences has been a general objective in Finnish social and health policies, the relative differences in teenage pregnancies have not decreased.
Simulation-Base Performance Evaluation in LTE and LTE-Advanced

The main objective of this paper is to simulate the throughput of the new generation of mobile networks and check if the results are consistent with theoretical values. The LTE network and its evolution, LTE-Advanced, were studied. Using two different simulators, the parameters that had a greater impact on maximum throughput were studied and the conclusion was that these parameters are the Bandwidth, the value of Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) and the antenna configuration (through MIMO techniques). For this reason, the impact of the variation of each one of these parameters in the maximum throughput was studied. The conclusion is that the higher the bandwidth, the higher the maximum throughput, however, the spectral efficiency increases only slightly. It was also found that with the increase of the CQI value, the maximum throughput and spectral efficiency greatly increase and the same can be verified when increasing the number of transmitting or receiving antennas. This occurred for both cases (LTE simulator and LTE-Advanced simulator), but it was also found that the LTE simulator originated values closer to theoretical values while the LTE-Advanced simulator simulates better the conditions that will be found in reality. Through the two simulators it was possible to verify much of what was stated in the initial chapters of the thesis, allowing the main objective to be achieved.
Viral and host factors induce macrophage activation and loss of toll-like receptor tolerance in chronic HCV infection.

BACKGROUND & AIMS Persistent inflammation contributes to progression of liver damage in chronic HCV (cHCV) infection. Repeated exposure to toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands results in tolerance, a protective mechanism aimed at limiting inflammation. METHODS Monocytes/macrophages were repeatedly stimulated via proinflammatory cytokine-inducing TLRs and evaluated for activation markers. RESULTS Unlike monocytes of controls or patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, the monocytes of cHCV patients were hyperresponsive and failed to show homo- or heterotolerance to TLR ligands, manifested by elevated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production. Serum levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma, endotoxin (TLR4 ligand), and HCV core protein (TLR2 ligand) were elevated in cHCV patients suggesting potential mechanisms for in vivo monocyte preactivation. Treatment of normal monocytes with IFN-gamma resulted in loss of tolerance to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or HCV core protein. Furthermore, we found increased levels of MyD88-IRAK1 complexes and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activity both in monocytes of cHCV patients and in normal monocytes that lost TLR tolerance after IFN-gamma + LPS pretreatment. In vitro differentiation of TLR non-tolerant cHCV monocytes into macrophages restored their capacity to exhibit TLR tolerance to LPS and HCV core protein, and this could be reversed by administration of IFN-gamma. cHCV patients exhibited increased TNF-alpha in the circulation and in the liver. In cHCV livers, we found Kupffer cell/macrophage activation indicated by increased CD163 and CD33 expression. CONCLUSIONS We identified that host-derived factors (IFN-gamma and endotoxin) and viral factors (HCV core protein) act in tandem to induce and maintain monocyte/macrophage activation, thus favoring persistent inflammation in patients with cHCV infection.