Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Grid Mapping for Spatial Pattern Analyses of Recurrent Urban Traffic Congestion Based on Taxi GPS Sensing Data

Traffic congestion is one of the most serious problems that impact urban transportation efficiency, especially in big cities. Identifying traffic congestion locations and occurring patterns is a prerequisite for urban transportation managers in order to take proper countermeasures for mitigating traffic congestion. In this study, the historical GPS sensing data of about 12,000 taxi floating cars in Beijing were used for pattern analyses of recurrent traffic congestion based on the grid mapping method. Through the use of ArcGIS software, 2D and 3D maps of the road network congestion were generated for traffic congestion pattern visualization. The study results showed that three types of traffic congestion patterns were identified, namely: point type, stemming from insufficient capacities at the nodes of the road network; line type, caused by high traffic demand or bottleneck issues in the road segments; and region type, resulting from multiple high-demand expressways merging and connecting to each other. The study illustrated that the proposed method would be effective for discovering traffic congestion locations and patterns and helpful for decision makers to take corresponding traffic engineering countermeasures in order to relieve the urban traffic congestion issues.
Fixed-Profile Load Scheduling for Large-Scale Irrigation Channels

Abstract The problem of fixed-profile load scheduling is considered for large-scale irrigation channels. Based on the analysis of the special structure of a channel under decentralised control, a predictive model is built on a pool-by-pool basis and a decomposition strategy of the scheduling problem is provided. The decomposition avoids excessive memory requirements in building the predictive model of the controlled plant and solving the formulated optimisation problem.
Finding hidden patterns in ECtHR’s case law

This article is concerned with identifying how contemporary data technology can be used to find and analyse the big amount of case law generated by international courts in a more comprehensive way than that achieved through the traditional manual reading of case law at the core of textbook or doctrinal analysis of judgements. The focus of the article is the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHRs) and its Article 14 + 2 case law, which is studied through the tools of citation network analysis. The resulting findings are then compared to a standard textbook approach in order to show how citation network analysis offers a reliable method in selecting cases for qualitative analysis and drawing information relevant to specific legal issues. The article proposes and eventually advances a new approach to legal research, which integrates quantitative network analysis with qualitative legal (doctrinal) analysis, and shows how this form of analysis enables a study of case law through the recognition of patterns within it that would have otherwise been difficult to identify. Using this approach to advance new insights into the prohibition of discrimination under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the article ultimately offers a new instrument for scholars and practitioners to put into use when considering the future narrative of discrimination law.
Energy-dependent variability from accretion flows

We develop a formalism to calculate energy-dependent fractional variability (rms) in accretion flows. We consider rms spectra resulting from radial dependences of the level of local variability (as expected from the propagation of disturbances in accretion flows) assuming the constant shape of the spectrum emitted at a given radius. We consider the cases when the variability of the flow is either coherent or incoherent between different radial zones. As an example of local emission, we consider blackbody, Wien and thermal Comptonization spectra. In addition to numerical results, we present a number of analytical formulae for the resulting rms. We also find an analytical formula for the disc Wien spectrum, which we find to be a very good approximation to the disc blackbody. We compare our results to the rms spectrum observed in an ultrasoft state of GRS 1915+105.
Log-normal statistics in e-mail communication patterns

Following up on Barabasi's recent letter to Nature (435, 207-211 (2005)), we systematically investigate the time series of e-mail usage for 3,188 users at a universit y. We focus on two quantities for each user: the time interval between consecutively sent e-mails (interevent time), and the time interval between when a user sends an e-mail and when a recipient sends an e-mail back to the original sender (waiting time). We perform a standard Bayesian model selection analysis that demonstrates that the interevent times are well- described by a single log-normal while the waiting times are better described by the superposition of two log-normals. Our analysis rejects the possibility that eit her measure could be described by truncated power- law distributions with exponent � ≃ 1. We also critically evaluate the priority queuing model proposed by Barabasi to describe the distribution of the waiting tim es. We show that neither the assumptions nor the predictions of the model are plausible, and conclude that a theoretical description of human e-mail communication patterns remains an open problem.
Correntropy based filtering for supernova detection

The recent surge of huge astronomical telescopes opens new possibilities for astrophysical studies, with corresponding challenges regarding massive data analysis. Taking advantage of these new technologies, the High Cadence Transient Survey (HiTS) has developed a pipeline to detect transient astronomical phenomena, such as supernovae, by analyzing pairs of stamps of objects extracted directly from the telescope images in an online fashion. We introduce a new complementary method for detecting faint, low signal-to-noise ratio supernovae by discriminating the evolution of luminosities of pixels through filtering sequences of images. Our method uses the Correntropy Filter (CF), which is a nonlinear extension of the classic Kalman Filter. CF uses an information-theoretic cost function called Cross-Correntropy that allows the discarding of artifacts and outliers, which are abundant in astronomical measurements. The proposed method was tested on the HiTS surveys and the results show that it is able to rediscover most supernovae in the high cadence epochs. In addition, it has found 30 new supernova candidates too faint to be discriminated in a pair of stamps. The analysis of longer sequences of images allows us to reduce the number of false positives, but at the expense of a late detection.
A comparative multimodal analysis of restaurant reviews from two geographical contexts

In this article, the authors offer a comparative approach to the analysis of a popular internet genre – user-generated restaurant reviews – sampled from two different websites (OpenRice and Yelp), which have emerged from two different geographic contexts (Hong Kong and the US). Their investigation reveals both similarities and differences of in terms of review format, content discussed and the use of several semiotic resources, such as the posting of photographs, the use of emoticons and emoji, and the expressive use of orthography and punctuation. The authors demonstrate that, while many of the formal properties of the genre are quite similar, some variations in review content may reflect underlying cultural differences. Furthermore, they show not only how the website’s architecture can either constrain or encourage the use (or non-use) of particular semiotic resources, but also suggest that other variables (i.e. orthographic systems, review community norms) may interact with medium factors.
The effect of meal frequency and protein concentration on the composition of the weight lost by obese subjects

1. Nitrogen balance, weight loss and resting metabolic rate were measured in thirty-eight obese inpatients on 3.4 MJ (800 kcal)/d diets over 3 weeks. 2. All subjects were fed on 13% protein-energy in three rneals/d for the first week. 3. In weeks 2 or 3, using a cross-over design, ten subjects were fed on 15 or 10% protein-energy as three meals/d; fourteen subjects were fed on five or one meal/d with 13%protein energy; and fourteen subjects were fed on 15% protein-energy as five meals/d or 10% protein-energy as one meal/d. 4. N loss was least on the high-protein week and frequent-meal week: the largest difference was found when these effects were combined (P < 0.001). 5. When protein-energy was held constant at 13% N loss decreased significantly (P < 0.01) between week 2 and 3, but when the protein-energy was manipulated there was no significant N conservation in the third week. This suggests that the protein:energy value is more important than meal frequency in the preservation of lean tissue. 6. Weight loss was also least on the ‘high-protein’ week and ‘frequent-meal’ week, but this result reached significance only when the effects were combined (P < 0.05). 7. Resting metabolic rate decreased with time but was not significantly altered by the dietary regimens. 8. Therefore, during the first 3 weeks at an intake of 3.4 MJ/d, a diet with a high-protein concentration, fed as frequent small meals, is associated with better preservation of lean tissue than an isoenergetic diet with lower-protein concentration fed as fewer meals. There was no evidence that meal frequency or protein concentration affect the rate of fat loss.
Indigenous Starter Cultures to Improve Quality of Artisanal Dry Fermented Sausages from Chaco (Argentina)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase negative cocci (CNC) were isolated from artisanal dry sausages sampled from the northeastern region of Chaco, Argentina. In order to evaluate their performance in situ and considering technological features of the isolated strains, two mixed selected autochthonous starter cultures (SAS) were designed: (i) SAS-1 (Lactobacillus sakei 487 + Staphylococcus vitulinus C2) and (ii) SAS-2 (L. sakei 442 + S. xylosus C8). Cultures were introduced into dry sausage manufacturing process at a local small-scale facility. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were monitored throughout fermentation and ripening periods, while sensory attributes of the final products were evaluated by a trained panel. Lactic acid bacteria revealed their ability to colonize and adapt properly to the meat matrix, inhibiting the growth of spontaneous microflora and enhancing safety and hygienic profile of the products. Both SAS showed a beneficial effect on lipid oxidation and texture of the final products. Staphylococcus vitulinus C2, from SAS-1, promoted a better redness of the final product. Sensory profile revealed that SAS addition preserved typical sensory attributes. Introduction of these cultures could provide an additional tool to standardize manufacturing processes aiming to enhance safety and quality while keeping typical sensory attributes of regional dry fermented sausages.
ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIVE MODELING OF ROAD SIGN RETROREFLECTIVITY PERFORMANCE

The Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (DOTD) has over 400,000 traffic signs in its inventory. These signs vary widely by their sheeting grade, age, color, orientation, and proximity to the roadway. The DOTD replaces about 60,000 of these signs in a typical year because they have exceeded their service life or have been damaged. At this time, the DOTD does not have a systematic sign maintenance program. As a result, many warranteed signs not in compliance with its performance requirements go unreplaced. This study was conducted to analyze performance and deterioration characteristics of retroreflective sheeting materials with the goal of targeting DOTD compliance testing efforts to sign groups that may likley be prematurely degraded. Three other goals were also accomplished: analysis of the interaction between various sign properties and environmental aspects to determine factors affecting the rate of traffic sign deterioration, evaluation of cleaning on sign retroreflectivity, and the development of mathematical models to predict future sign performance. Results are provided and discussed.
Mining the functional relations in the neighborhood of splice sites

Accurate identification of splice site is a critical component of bioinformatics and efficient feature representation plays an utmost important role in splice site identification. We proposed a new feature representing method utilizing neural networks to generate the new feature by modeling the possible functional relations in the neighborhood of splice sites. The experimental results on HS3D dataset and the homo sapiens dataset of EID showed that the features represented by our method were effective. And this might indicate that the functional relations in the neighborhood of splice sites are existed.
Music: Broken Symmetry, Geometry, and Complexity

T he relation between mathematics and music has a long and rich history, including: Pythagorean harmonic theory, fundamentals and overtones, frequency and pitch, and mathematical group theory in musical scores [7, 47, 56, 15]. This article is part of a special issue on the theme of mathematics, creativity, and the arts. We shall explore some of the ways that mathematics can aid in creativity and understanding artistic expression in the realm of the musical arts. In particular, we hope to provide some intriguing new insights on such questions as: • Does Louis Armstrong’s voice sound like his trumpet? • What do Ludwig van Beethoven, Benny Goodman, and Jimi Hendrix have in common? • How does the brain fool us sometimes when listening to music? And how have composers used such illusions? • How can mathematics help us create new music?
Transitions between Central and Peripheral Vision Create Spatial/Temporal Distortions: A Hypothesis Concerning the Perceived Break of the Curveball

Background The human visual system does not treat all parts of an image equally: the central segments of an image, which fall on the fovea, are processed with a higher resolution than the segments that fall in the visual periphery. Even though the differences between foveal and peripheral resolution are large, these differences do not usually disrupt our perception of seamless visual space. Here we examine a motion stimulus in which the shift from foveal to peripheral viewing creates a dramatic spatial/temporal discontinuity. Methodology/Principal Findings The stimulus consists of a descending disk (global motion) with an internal moving grating (local motion). When observers view the disk centrally, they perceive both global and local motion (i.e., observers see the disk's vertical descent and the internal spinning). When observers view the disk peripherally, the internal portion appears stationary, and the disk appears to descend at an angle. The angle of perceived descent increases as the observer views the stimulus from further in the periphery. We examine the first- and second-order information content in the display with the use of a three-dimensional Fourier analysis and show how our results can be used to describe perceived spatial/temporal discontinuities in real-world situations. Conclusions/Significance The perceived shift of the disk's direction in the periphery is consistent with a model in which foveal processing separates first- and second-order motion information while peripheral processing integrates first- and second-order motion information. We argue that the perceived distortion may influence real-world visual observations. To this end, we present a hypothesis and analysis of the perception of the curveball and rising fastball in the sport of baseball. The curveball is a physically measurable phenomenon: the imbalance of forces created by the ball's spin causes the ball to deviate from a straight line and to follow a smooth parabolic path. However, the curveball is also a perceptual puzzle because batters often report that the flight of the ball undergoes a dramatic and nearly discontinuous shift in position as the ball nears home plate. We suggest that the perception of a discontinuous shift in position results from differences between foveal and peripheral processing.
Comparing Single and Multiple Bayesian Classifiers Approaches for Network Intrusion Detection

A general strategy for improving the performance of classifiers is to consider multiple classifiers approach. Previous research works have shown that combination of different types of classifiers provided a good classification results. We noticed a raising interest to incorporate single Bayesian classifier into the multiple classifiers framework. In this light, this research work explored the possibility of employing multiple classifiers approach, but limited to variations of Bayesian technique, namely Naïve Bayes Classifier, Bayesian Networks, and Expert-elicited Bayesian Network. Empirical evaluations were conducted based on a standard network intrusion dataset and the results showed that the multiple Bayesian classifiers approach gave insignificant increase of performance in detecting network intrusions as compared to a single Bayesian classifier. Naives Bayes Classifier should be considered in detecting network intrusions due to its comparable performance with multiple Bayesian classifiers approach. Moreover, time spent for building a NBC was less compared to others.
PERAMALAN VALUE AT RISK MENGGUNAKAN METODE GENERALIZED AUTOREGRESSIVE CONDITIONAL HETEROSCEDASTIC

Data return saham merupakan salah satu jenis data runtun waktu yang memiliki volatilitas tinggi dan varians yang berbeda di setiap titik waktunya. Data tersebut berfluktuatif, membentuk pola asimetris, memiliki model yang nonstasioner, dan mempunyai variansi residual yang tidak konstan (heteroskedastisitas). ARCH dan GARCH merupakan model runtun waktu yang dapat menjelaskan keheteroskedastisitasan data. Selanjutnya model GARCH ini digunakan untuk mengestimasi nilai VaR sebagai kerugian maksimum yang akan didapat selama periode waktu tertentu pada tingkat kepercayaan tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model peramalan terbaik dari nilai Indeks Harga Saham gabungan (IHSG). Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ARCH, dan GARCH. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa GARCH(1,1) adalah model terbaik nilai log likelihood 1551.711 dan nilai kriteria informasi AIC = -2.5340 ; BIC = -2.5088 ; SIC = -2.5340 ; dan HQIC = -2.5245 . Model ini mendapatkan nilai Value at Risk (VaR) satu periode dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% Rp 3.622. 420,50. untuk dana investasi Rp 500.000. 000,00. Kata Kunci : Peramalan , volatilitas, GARCH, VaR
Study of the impact of asymmetry and carrier sense mechanism in IEEE 802.11 multi-hops networks through a basic case

This article presents a theoretical modeling of a small but basic scenario that shows a great inequity in medium access between nodes using the IEEE 802.11 DCF mode. In this configuration, two terminals evolve independently and are almost never synchronized, which results in a serious performance issue for a third emitter in between. The results are compared to simulation results and a discussion on the different performance loss causes follows.
High performance control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on magnetic energy model by sliding mode control

This paper presents a field oriented direct torque control system in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) which controls torque directly as output. A PWM inverter-fed PMSM control system has been driven by field oriented control algorithm without chattering by sliding mode control. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by simulation results
A 2048 complex point FFT processor using a novel data scaling approach

In this paper, a novel data scaling method for pipelined FFT processors is proposed. By using data scaling, the FFT processor can operate on a wide range of input signals without performance loss. Compared to existing block scaling methods, like implementations of Convergent Block Floating Point (CBFP), the memory requirements can be reduced while preserving the SNR. The FFT processor has been synthesized and sent for fabrication in a 0.35 /spl mu/m standard CMOS technology. In netlist simulations, the FFT processor is capable of calculating a 2048 complex point FFT or IFFT in 27 /spl mu/s with a maximum clock frequency of 76 MHz.
Selectivity of macaque ventral intraparietal area (area VIP) for smooth pursuit eye movements

In the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of the macaque, spatial and motion signals arising from different sensory signals converge. One of the functional subregions within the PPC, the ventral intraparietal area (VIP), is thought to play an important role for the multisensory encoding of self‐ and object motion. In the present study we analysed the activity of area VIP neurons related to smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs). Fifty‐three per cent of the neurons (123/234) were selective for the direction of the SPEMs. As evident from control experiments, activity observed during smooth eye movements was more closely related to extraretinal signals than visual parameters. In addition, we examined the sensitivity of area VIP neurons for the velocity of SPEMs. Seventy‐four per cent of the pursuit‐related neurons had a significant velocity tuning. There was a clear preference for high velocities. Eighty‐six per cent of the neurons preferred the highest pursuit velocity (40 deg s−1) employed in our study. In everyday life, high pursuit velocities most frequently occur if the pursuit target is located in near‐extrapersonal space, i.e. the action space of the head. Together with previous findings, the current results thus suggest that the information provided by VIP neurons may be used to encode motion in near‐extrapersonal space and to guide and co‐ordinate smooth eye and head movements within this very part of space.
Making Sensitivity Analysis Computationally Eecient

To investigate the robustness of its output, a Bayesian network can be subjected to a sensitivity analysis. In such an analysis, basically the relation between the network's output and every single one of its parameters is established. This relation is known to be a simple mathematical function, expressing the network's output as a quotient of two linear functions in a parameter under study. We present a method for computationally eecient sensitivity analysis. Our method requires a single outward propagation in a junction tree for establishing the mathematical functions for the network's output in terms of all its parameters, in addition to a full propagation for processing evidence. Conversely, our method provides for establishing the mathematical functions for all possible outputs in terms of a single parameter under study, also by means of a single outward propagation.