Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recognition Of Emotion In Speech Using Spectral Patterns

Recent developments in manmachine interaction have intensified the need for recognizing human's emotion from speech. In this study we proposed using Spectral Pattern (SP) and Harmonic Energy (HE) features for the automatic recognition of human affective information from speech. These features were extracted from the spectrogram of the speech signal using image processing techniques. A filter and wrapper feature selection scheme was used to avoid the curse of dimensionality. Here, a hierarchical classifier is employed to classify speech signals according to their emotional states. This classifier is optimized by the Fisher Discriminant Ratio (FDR) to classify the most separable classes at the upper nodes, which can reduce the classification error. Moreover, a tandem classifier is employed to increase the recognition rate of highly confused emotions pairs. Our experimental results have demonstrated the potential and promise of SPs and HEs for emotion recognition. The proposed method was tested on the male and female speakers separately and the overall recognition rate of 86.9% is obtained for classifying seven emotion categories in the Berlin database.
Skin effect and proximity effect in a real, high voltage, double three-phase system

Both skin effect and proximity effect increase losses in any conductor with time varying current. In order to determine those extra losses in a real case of two three-phase systems, buried together in a ground, the electromagnetic field inside the cables and in vicinity was calculated for four different frequencies. This paper shows the investigation of a current distribution in all conducting cables' parts, which gives the best insight into skin and proximity effects significance. Moreover, magnetic field outside the system, important for electromagnetic induction in neighboring berried metal elements, such as water and gas pipes, was calculated as well. All calculations were carried out applying COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a computer program. The calculation results are done for the concrete double 3-phase system, as a combination of 6 single-core cables XHE-49-A, 64/110kV, with the cross-section 1×1000/95mm2, graphically, together with comments.
Multi-view Anomaly Detection via Robust Probabilistic Latent Variable Models

We propose probabilistic latent variable models for multi-view anomaly detection, which is the task of finding instances that have inconsistent views given multi-view data. With the proposed model, all views of a non-anomalous instance are assumed to be generated from a single latent vector. On the other hand, an anomalous instance is assumed to have multiple latent vectors, and its different views are generated from different latent vectors. By inferring the number of latent vectors used for each instance with Dirichlet process priors, we obtain multi-view anomaly scores. The proposed model can be seen as a robust extension of probabilistic canonical correlation analysis for noisy multi-view data. We present Bayesian inference procedures for the proposed model based on a stochastic EM algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated in terms of performance when detecting multi-view anomalies.
Chloroplast microsatellites reveal population genetic diversity in red pine, Pinus resinosa Ait.

Variation in paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) DNA was used to study population genetic structure in red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.), a species characterized by morphological uniformity, no allozyme variation, and limited RAPD variation. Using nine cpSSR loci, a total of 23 chloroplast haplotypes and 25 cpSSR alleles were found among 159 individuals surveyed in seven widely separated populations. The total genetic diversity, HT, was 0.618, but haplotype differentiation among populations was low (GST = 0.121). All populations were distinguished from each other by their haplotype compositions, and only one haplotype was common among all populations. Based on average squared composite cpSSR length differences (stepwise haplotypes), within-population diversity was relatively high for only one population (D 2 SH = 0.443). Frequency distributions of pairwise SSR differences among individuals within different populations, as well as branch length differences in neighbour-joining dendrograms, indicated recovery from one or more population bottlenecks, and may be explained by metapopulation dynamics.
Measuring Teachers ’ Pedagogical Content Knowledge in Surveys : An Exploratory Study *

Foundation. The opinions expressed here are those of the authors and are not specifically endorsed by the sponsors. This paper discusses the efforts of a group of researchers at the University of Michigan to develop survey-based measures of what Lee S. Shulman (1986; 1987) called teachers' " pedagogical content knowledge. " In the paper, we briefly discuss our rationale for using a survey instrument to measure teachers' pedagogical content knowledge and report on the results of a pilot study in which a bank of survey items was developed to directly measure this construct in two critical domains of the elementary school curriculum— reading/ language arts and mathematics. In the paper, we demonstrate that particular facets of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge can be measured reliably with as few as 6 – 10 survey items. However, we point to additional methodological and conceptual issues that must be addressed if sound, survey-based measures of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge are to be developed for use in large-scale, survey-based research on teaching. Rationale Most observers agree that successful teachers draw on specialized knowledge in their instructional work with students, but specifying and measuring this knowledge has proven elusive and controversial in American education. One particular issue that has clouded efforts to conceptualize and measure the knowledge base for teaching has been the perceived distinction between teachers' subject matter knowledge and teachers' knowledge of general pedagogical principles and practices. During most of the 20 th century, this distinction has been reified in a variety of bureaucratic and institutional arrangements in American education. For example, teacher preparation programs have been organized under the assumption that prospective teachers will acquire subject matter knowledge in courses taken in the arts and sciences, but that they will acquire knowledge of pedagogy in separate classes taken in education schools. Similarly, separate licensing examinations have been developed in American education, some designed to test teachers' subject matter knowledge, and others to test teachers' knowledge of general pedagogical principles and practices. Even teacher assessment practices and associated research on teaching in the United States have tended to maintain a distinction between teachers' knowledge of subject-matter content and teachers' knowledge of pedagogy. For example, research and evaluation efforts frequently try to measure teachers' use of a general set of pedagogical practices under the assumption that these practices are instructionally effective no matter what the academic subject or grade level being taught and without regard …
On the Use of Fractional Brownian Motion in the Theory of Connectionless Networks

An abstract model for aggregated connectionless traffic, based on the fractional Brownian motion, is presented. Insight into the parameters is obtained by relating the model to an equivalent burst model. Results on a corresponding storage process are presented. The buffer occupancy distribution is approximated by a Weibull distribution. The model is compared with publicly available samples of real Ethernet traffic. The degree of the short-term predictability of the traffic model is studied through an exact formula for the conditional variance of a future value given the past. The applicability and interpretation of the self-similar model are discussed extensively, and the notion of ideal free traffic is introduced. >
Development of cellular data network enabled autonomous rotary UAV

In this paper, to resolve linkage restrictions and to provide extended adaptability under various UAV application challenges, unique features oriented from the advanced IT and communication technology are tightly integrated in the flight control system and auxiliary avionics development for the rotary type UAV autopilot system. First, this work considers a commercial cellular network and IP backbone networks for achieving the data linkage between FCS and GCS. Second, we suggest a central application entity for managing flight control data and various mission data between network terminal nodes. Additionally, this work includes a user-friendly interface for the UAV command and control, as well as simple graphical demonstration of the flight and mission information. The proposed system is applied to the target vehicle of a small sized, electrically powered, rotary UAV system.
Collecting Quality Requirements Using Quality Models and Goals

Determining the quality of a software product basically deals with checking the fulfillment of functional and quality requirements. Therefore, specifying useful and testable quality requirements is a central challenge. Many existing approaches focus on eliciting quality requirements, but often neglect the specification of respective test criteria. We present a bipartite approach that focuses on collecting testable quality requirements with quality models or goals as initial input. Firstly, using operational quality models enables us to derive measures in a goal-oriented approach that serve as basis for the specification of testable quality requirements. Secondly, identifying obstacles that obstruct goals helps closing gaps and enhances quality models. Our approach contributes to sharing and reusing common quality requirements by facilitating their specification based on a quality model. An initial application of our approach shows that it leads to quality requirements with clear criteria for testability. Nonetheless, the approach requires further applications in order to validate it in more detail and to identify improvement potentials.
Recommendation System that Presents the Recommendation Sentence in Alignment with the Contents

In recent years, EC1 sites that deal with variousgoods have increased along with the spread of the internet. Furthermore, the development and introduction of a recommendationsystem that presents a "recommended item" to a userare presented. Now, almost no recommendation systems presenta concrete reason for recommendations. Thereby, selection byperformance is difficult in the case of items such as books, movies, and luxury goods because the influence of a user'spreference is great. To solve this problem, Our proposed systemshows the reason for recommendation as a user's decisionmakingfactor. For this study, we created the reason whichmatched the contents of the item using the review on web. Moreover, we use a user's preference for creation of the reasonfor recommendation. Thereby, we enable creation of personalizedreasons for recommendation. Moreover, this research evaluated amovie recommendation system that presents a recommendationsentence using the questionnaire. Results confirmed that therecommendation sentence in alignment with the contents waseffective as an item selection factor.
A Novel Post-Linearization Technique for Fully Integrated 5.5 GHz High-Linearity LNA

A novel post-linearization technique for fully integrated 5.5 GHz high-linearity LNA, implemented through a 0.18 mum RF CMOS technology, is demonstrated. The post-linearization technique adopts a folded cascode diode with a resistor and a capacitor in parallel as a third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) sinker. The LNA with the post-linearization technique has a +8.33 dBm IIP3, a power gain of 10.02 dB, and a noise figure of 3.05 dB, while consuming 6 mA from a supply voltage of 1.8 V. Comparison with the characteristics of the LNA without using post-linearization technique, the IIP3 is improved 6.21 dB, and the IMD3 can be reduced 12.77 dB. Moreover, the performances of noise figure and power consumption rise 0.09 dB and 0.08 mW, and the power gain lowers 0.3 dB after using the technique only. This technique indeed improves the linearity performance without obvious effects.
Active mass-offloading with cable-driven SEA for tailored support to lower limb rehabilitation

Walk training with body weight support (BWS) can motivate mild and moderate patients after neural injury to actively control their gait and balance, and thus leads to intensive participation and promises effective recovery of the patients. We are building an active BWS system that allows patients to move in the three dimensional Cartesian space and provides well-controlled supportive force against gravity. Nevertheless, the dynamic load can still be challenging for the patients. In this work, a mass-offloading method has been designed with respect to the cable-driven series elastic actuator (SEA) in the BWS system to virtually remove partial body mass. The acceleration signal of the subject is measured and fed back into the mass-offloading controller, which determines the required dynamic force from the actuator. Then, a nonlinear sliding mode controller regulates the force output of the cable-driven series elastic actuator. Thus, tailored body weight support and mass-offloading are provided to assist the subject with voluntary walking and balance control. Simulation experiments have validated the feasibility and efficacy of the mass-offloading method for the BWS system.
A Reconfigurable Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite and Terrestrial Links

A reconfigurable stacked microstrip patch antenna is proposed. The antenna operates at an upper frequency fu with a broadside pattern, 7.5-dBi right-hand circularly polarized gain, and 15.8% bandwidth. At a lower frequency fl, the antenna operates as a planar inverted-F antenna (7.3% bandwidth and 3.9-dBi peak gain) with the main beam directed close to the horizon. Switching between the two regimes of operation is achieved using p-i-n diodes. Antenna operation in the upper frequency band is suitable for low-earth-orbit or medium-earth-orbit satellite communications, and in the lower frequency band, the antenna is useful for terrestrial land-mobile or other wireless applications
Unifying Tables, Objects and Documents

This paper proposes a number of type-system and language extensions to natively support relational and hierarchical data within a statically typed object-oriented setting. In our approach SQL tables and XML documents become first class citizens that benefit from the full range of features available in a modern programming language like C ] or Java. This allows objects, tables and documents to be constructed, loaded, passed, transformed, updated, and queried in a unified and typesafe manner.
Intuitive prosthetic control using upper limb inter-joint coordinations and IMU-based shoulder angles measurement: A pilot study

Commercialized upper limb prostheses do not match the expectations of amputated people, especially transhumeral amputees. Most of them report a lack of functionality, mostly explained by a counter-intuitive control strategy. This paper presents the first implementation of an automatic prosthesis control approach based on natural coordinations between upper limb joints and IMU-based humeral orientation measurement. Two healthy individuals were able to use the prosthetic forearm attached to their upper arm to point at targets in a 3D workspace with a reasonable error. The results demonstrate the potential applications of automatizing the motion of some joints along the upper limb, in the same way as human upper limbs are controlled.
An Agile Project System Dynamics Simulation Model

This paper compares established Systems Dynamics SD models of software projects with models of agile development. A new minimal SIMULINKTM agile project model was created and compared to a Waterfall model of a NASA project. Results are presented to enable project managers to predict the performance of future agile project processes. The model includes the time to generate the requirements and a function to provide requirements volatility. These models show that for the same productivity and fraction of errors that are satisfactory, the overall development staff costs are similar for agile and waterfall projects and the undiscovered rework is less for the agile project. This model generally supports empirical observations that shorter time-box iterations yield a shorter overall project completion.
Regret Minimizing Equilibria of Games with Strict Type Uncertainty

In the standard mechanism design setting, the type (e.g., utility function) of an agent is not known by other agents, nor is it known by the mechanism designer. When this uncertainty is quantified probabilistically, a mechanism induces a game of incomplete information among the agents. However, in many settings, uncertainty over utility functions cannot easily be quantified. We consider the problem of incomplete information games in which type uncertainty is strict or unquantified. We propose the use of minimax regret as a decision criterion in such games, a robust approach for dealing with type uncertainty. We define minimax-regret equilibria and prove that these exist in mixed strategies for finite games. We also briefly discuss mechanism design in this framework, with minimax regret as an optimization criterion for the designer itself, and the automated optimization of such mechanisms.
The Tumor Targeted Superantigen ABR-217620 Selectively Engages TRBV7-9 and Exploits TCR-pMHC Affinity Mimicry in Mediating T Cell Cytotoxicity

The T lymphocytes are the most important effector cells in immunotherapy of cancer. The conceptual objective for developing the tumor targeted superantigen (TTS) ABR-217620 (naptumomab estafenatox, 5T4Fab-SEA/E-120), now in phase 3 studies for advanced renal cell cancer, was to selectively coat tumor cells with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) target structures functionally similar to natural CTL pMHC target molecules. Here we present data showing that the molecular basis for the anti-tumor activity by ABR-217620 resides in the distinct interaction between the T cell receptor β variable (TRBV) 7-9 and the engineered superantigen (Sag) SEA/E-120 in the fusion protein bound to the 5T4 antigen on tumor cells. Multimeric but not monomeric ABR-217620 selectively stains TRBV7-9 expressing T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood similar to antigen specific staining of T cells with pMHC tetramers. SEA/E-120 selectively activates TRBV7-9 expressing T lymphocytes resulting in expansion of the subset. ABR-217620 selectively triggers TRBV7-9 expressing cytotoxic T lymphocytes to kill 5T4 positive tumor cells. Furthermore, ABR-217620 activates TRBV7-9 expressing T cell line cells in the presence of cell- and bead-bound 5T4 tumor antigen. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed that ABR-217620 binds to 5T4 with high affinity, to TRBV7-9 with low affinity and to MHC class II with very low affinity. The T lymphocyte engagement by ABR-217620 is constituted by displaying high affinity binding to the tumor cells (KD approximately 1 nM) and with the mimicry of natural productive immune TCR-pMHC contact using affinities of around 1 µM. This difference in kinetics between the two components of the ABR-217620 fusion protein will bias the binding towards the 5T4 target antigen, efficiently activating T-cells via SEA/E-120 only when presented by the tumor cells.
Spherical navigator echoes for full 3D rigid body motion measurement in MRI

We developed a 3D spherical navigator (SNAV) echo technique that can measure rigid body motion in all six degrees of freedom simultaneously by sampling a spherical shell in k‐space. 3D rotations of an imaged object simply rotate the data on this shell and can be detected by registration of k‐space magnitude values. 3D translations add phase shifts to the data on the shell and can be detected with a weighted least‐squares fit to the phase differences at corresponding points. MRI pulse sequences were developed to study k‐space sampling strategies on such a shell. Data collected with a computer‐controlled motion phantom with known rotational and translational motions were used to evaluate the technique. The accuracy and precision of the technique depend on the sampling density. Roughly 2000 sample points were necessary for accurate detection to within the error limits of the motion phantom when using a prototype time‐intensive sampling method. This number of samples can be captured in an approximately 27‐ms double excitation SNAV pulse sequence with a 3D helical spiral trajectory. Preliminary results with the helical SNAV are encouraging and indicate that accurate motion measurement suitable for retrospective or prospective correction should be feasible with SNAV echoes. Magn Reson Med 47:32–41, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A statistical upper body model for 3D static and dynamic gesture recognition from stereo sequences

This paper describes a hidden Markov model-based static and dynamic 3D gesture recognition system. The shape and position of the hands, segmented and tracked using a novel 3D statistical model for the upper body in stereo sequences, are used as observation vectors. The upper body model allows for accurate 3D localization of the hands in the presence of partial occlusions, self occlusions and different illumination conditions. The accuracy of our approach is reflected by the performance of our 3D gesture based editing system, that reaches 96% over 12 dynamic gestures and four static gestures.
Self organizing Time Series Model

where xt is an nx vector of unobserved sate variables and yt is an ny dimensional vector observation f Rx Rv Rx is a given function fvtg is an independent and identically distributed i i d random process with vt q vj sys r is the conditional distribution of yt given xt q j and r j are in general non Gaussian densities speci ed by the unknown parameter vectors sys and obs respectively In this study we set sys obs The initial state x is distributed according to the density p x The GSSM includes the nonlinear non Gaussian state space model Kita gawa Kitagawa Tanizaki Gordon Salmond and Smith as a special case
Biopsable Neural Tissues: Toward New Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease?

Biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) are mainly intended for the early diagnosis of the disease and to monitor its progression, two aspects insufficiently covered by clinical evaluation. In the last 20 years, the search for biomarkers has been supported by technological advances in the fields of molecular genetics and neuroimaging. Nevertheless, no fully validated biomarker is yet available, and there is still a need for biomarkers that will complement those already available. Development of biomarkers for PD has been hampered by the fact that the core pathology lies in the brainstem, hidden from direct study in living patients. In this context, the recent observations that clearly demonstrated the presence of PD pathology in peripheral neural tissues provide new opportunities to develop original histopathological markers of the disease. Some of these peripheral tissues, especially the enteric nervous system, by being assessable using routine biopsies, could represent a window to assess in vivo the neuropathological processes occurring in PD.