Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of diagnoses as reported in families with cancer: a retrospective study

Assessment of risk of developing hereditary cancer and subsequent clinical surveillance is largely based on family history. It is considered standard practice to confirm as many diagnoses as possible in cancer families. Our aim was (1) to assess inaccuracies in reporting of cancers by families, (2) to assess the need for confirmation of diagnosis, and (3) to estimate how many families would have been entered unnecessarily or excluded from screening. A retrospective study of 595 case notes was performed in two centres. Methods of confirmation included information from the cancer registries, death certificates, hospital notes, and histopathological records. Accuracy varied by site of cancer and by the closeness of the relationship to the affected person. Reported abdominal malignancies were inaccurate in 20%, whereas 5% of reported breast cancers were inaccurate. In two families the family history of cancer proved fictitious. Management was altered in 23/213 (11%) families following cancer confirmation. The results of the study favour verification of cancer diagnoses particularly if decisions regarding surveillance or prophylactic surgery are based on the family history.
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Reveals Specific Epigenetic Distinctions between Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Isolates of Various Isolation Types

ABSTRACT Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was employed as a genetic analysis tool for the study of the genetic relatedness of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates harvested from bovine fecal samples and from bovine or human tissues. This analysis revealed genetic differences between these two isolate types that were confirmed through cluster analysis. Dendrogram analysis separated these two isolate types based on the isolation scheme (tissue-associated versus fecal M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates). Further sequence analysis of unique genetic regions from each isolation type revealed no genetic sequence differences. However, Clustal DNA alignments identified AFLP restriction enzyme sites that were undigested in the tissue-associated isolates. AFLP analysis also disclosed that the same AFLP restriction sites were digested in all of the fecal isolates. Sequence analysis further revealed a consensus sequence upstream of the undigested restriction sites for possible methyltransferase recognition in the tissue-associated M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates.
Design and Evaluation of a Unique Social Perception System for Human–Robot Interaction

Robot’s perception is essential for performing high-level tasks such as understanding, learning, and in general, human–robot interaction (HRI). For this reason, different perception systems have been proposed for different robotic platforms in order to detect high-level features such as facial expressions and body gestures. However, due to the variety of robotics software architectures and hardware platforms, these highly customized solutions are hardly interchangeable and adaptable to different HRI contexts. In addition, most of the developed systems have one issue in common: they detect features without awareness of the real-world contexts (e.g., detection of environmental sound assuming that it belongs to a person who is speaking, or treating a face printed on a sheet of paper as belonging to a real subject). This paper presents a novel social perception system (SPS) that has been designed to address the previous issues. SPS is an out-of-the-box system that can be integrated into different robotic platforms irrespective of hardware and software specifications. SPS detects, tracks, and delivers in real-time to robots, a wide range of human- and environment- relevant features with the awareness of their real-world contexts. We tested SPS in a typical scenario of HRI for the following purposes: to demonstrate the system capability in detecting several high-level perceptual features as well as to test the system capability to be integrated into different robotics platforms. Results show the promising capability of the system in perceiving real world in different social robotics platforms, as tested in two humanoid robots, i.e., FACE and ZENO.
The Hold-Up Problem and Incomplete Contracts: A Survey of Recent Topics in Contract Theory

This article provides a nontechnical survey on recent topics in the theory of contracts. The hold-up problem is presented and the incomplete contracts approach is discussed. Emphasis is put on conceptual problems and open questions that await further research. Copyright 2001 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the Board of Trustees of the Bulletin of Economic Research
On-Line Analysis of a Continuous-Flow Ozonolysis Reaction Using Raman Spectroscopy

We describe the use of an on-line Raman analyzer to quantitatively track the levels of trans-stilbene, benzaldehyde, and α-methoxybenzyl hydroperoxide in a continuous flow ozonolysis reactor. Quantitative analysis is carried out using spectral stripping in order to overcome baseline artifacts inherent in simple peak area determinations and to incorporate prior knowledge into the analytical model. The performance of spectral stripping is compared to partial least squares (PLS) analysis. The effect of two process variables, feed flow rate and ozone concentration, are also explored. Finally, the benefit of utilizing an on-line technique is illustrated by demonstrating the bias introduced by sampling for off-line analysis.
Comparative Analysis of the Expression Patterns of Various TNFSF/TNFRSF in Atherosclerotic Plaques

Members of the TNFSF/TNFRSF are involved in the immunoregulation of various immune reactions and diseases. Recently, LIGHT/TR2, GITRL/GITR, and TL1A/DR3 have been reported as playing roles in the inflammatory reactions in atherosclerosis, but a comparative analysis of these molecules has not been conducted. In order to compare their expression patterns, immunohistochemical analyses were performed using six human carotid endoarterectomy samples. The expression of these molecules was detected in the various cell types that constitute atherosclerotic plaques. The expression of all analyzed molecules was detected, albeit at various levels, mainly in foamy macrophages in all tested samples. The strong expression of these molecules in endothelial and smooth muscle cells was also detected in 2 and 1 plaque samples, respectively, while others express only some of the tested molecules. Flow cytometry analyses of human monocyte/macrophage cell lines, U937 and THP-1, detected the expression of the tested molecules while a relatively undifferentiated monocytic cell line, TF-1A, failed to express them. These data indicate that activated and differentiated macrophages are the main cell type expressing tested molecules in atherosclerotic plaques while endothelial and smooth muscle cells can express them in limited cases. Pro-inflammatory activities of the tested molecules may contribute to the atherogenesis by stimulating the cells expressing them in atherosclerotic plaques and the successful treatment of atherosclerosis may require cooperative regulation of these activities.
Reappraisal of indications and limitations of oxime therapy in organophosphate poisoning

1 In vitro studies with human erythrocyte acetylcholin esterase (AChE) and the mouse diaphragm model were performed to unravel the various microscopic reaction parameters that contribute to the dynamic equilibrium of AChE inhibition, ageing and reactivation. These data may help to define more precisely the indications and limitations of oxime therapy in organophosphate (OP) poisoning. 2 Diethylphosphoryl-AChE resulting from intoxications with parathion, chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, diazi non and other OPs is characterized by slow sponta neous reactivation and low propensity for ageing. This kind of phosphorylated enzyme is particularly sus ceptible to reactivation by oximes. 3 None of the oximes tested (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI 6 and HLö 7) can be regarded as a universally suitable reactivator. Obidoxime turned out to be the most potent and most efficacious oxime in reactivating AChE inhibited by various classes of OP insecticides and tabun. Obidoxime, however, was inferior to HI 6 against soman, sarin, cyclosarin and VX. Pralidoxime was generally less potent. 4 The kinetic data of reactivation established for diethylphosphoryl-AChE of human red cells indicate that the usually recommended dosage to attain a plasma concentration of 4 μg/ml does not permit exploitation of the full therapeutic potential of the oximes, in particular of pralidoxime. However, in suicidal mega-dose poisoning, oximes, even at optimal plasma concentrations, may be unable to cope with the fast re-inhibition of reactivated AChE in the first days following intoxication. 5 It is suggested that oximes be administered by continuous infusion following an initial bolus dose as long as reactivation can be expected and until permanent clinical improvement is achieved.
A comparison of partial least squares regression with other prediction methods

The aim of this study is to compare popular regression methods with the partial least squares method. The paper presents a theoretical point of view, as well as an application on a real data set. It is found that partial least squares regression yields somewhat better results in terms of the predictive ability of models obtained when compared to the other prediction methods.
Cross-layer architecture for TCP splitting in the return channel over satellite networks

Transport protocols used in satellite networks face challenges such as variable link capacity, large propagation delay effects and packet corruption. In this paper a new cross-layer architecture for TCP splitting is proposed in the return link of geostationary satellite networks to improve the TCP performance. This new cross-layer architecture defines the interactions between layers to coordinate the TCP splitters taking into account the real-time cross-layer information. This feedback information is sent from the Return Channel Satellite Terminal to the feeder Performance Enhancement Proxy using the Simple Network Management Protocol. A complete analysis of our proposed cross-layer architecture has been carried out using NS-2 simulator to compare it with the standard TCP splitting. The simulation results show that our proposal notably reduces the transfer times for short lived connections. Moreover, it is observed that sudden variations of capacity in the return satellite channel are perfectly tracked by this new cross-layer architecture and not by the standard TCP splitting.
Predicting Stock Market Indices Movements

This paper examines the extent to which the daily movements of three large emerging markets stock indices are predictable. Lagged technical indicators are used as explanatory variables. In the analysis we employed seven classification techniques and assessed the discriminatory power of the classifiers through the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results show that the daily movements of the three indices are better predictable than random. After taking into account the bias induced by non-synchronous price quotations, a trading system with break-even costs is simulated. The non-random classifiers yield returns above those of both random walk and contrarian investment strategies. No inefficiency is found due to the fact that relatively low break-even transaction costs are enough to eliminate the sources of trading profits.
A pharmacological review of competitive inhibitors and substrates of high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transport in the central nervous system.

The acidic amino acid L-glutamate acts as both a primary excitatory neurotransmitter and a potential neurotoxin within the mammalian central nervous system. Functionally juxtaposed between these neurophysiological and pathological actions are an assorted group of integral membrane transporter proteins that rapidly and efficiently sequester glutamate into cellular and subcellular compartments. While multiple systems exist that are capable of mediating the uptake of L-glutamate, the high-affinity, sodium-dependent transporters have emerged as the most prominent players in the CNS with respect to terminating the excitatory signal, recycling the transmitter, and regulating extracellular levels of glutamate below those which could induce excitotoxic pathology. The focus of the present review is on the pharmacological specificity of these sodium-dependent transporters and, more specifically, on the competitive inhibitors that have been used to delineate the chemical requirements for binding and translocation. Analogues of glutamate that are conformationally constrained as a consequence of either the addition of substituents to the carbon backbone of glutamate or aspartate (e.g., beta-hydroxyaspartate or methylglutamate derivatives) or the incorporation of ring systems (e.g., (carboxycyclopropyl)glycines, aminocyclobutane dicarboxylates, or pyrrolidine dicarboxylates), have been especially valuable in these efforts. In this review, a particular emphasis is placed on the identification of analogues that exhibit preferential activity among the recently cloned transporter subtypes and on the differentiation of substrates from non-transportable inhibitors.
On the Interactive Search with Web Documents

Due to the large amount of information in the World Wide Web (WWW, web) and the lengthy and usually linearly ordered result lists of web search engines that do not indicate semantic relationships between their entries, the search for topically similar and related documents can become a tedious task. Especially, the process of formulating queries with proper terms representing specific information needs requires much effort from the user. This problem gets even bigger when the user's knowledge on a subject and its technical terms is not sufficient enough to do so. This article presents the new and interactive search application DocAnalyser that addresses this problem by enabling users to find similar and related web documents based on automatic query formulation and state-ofthe-art search word extraction. Additionally, this tool can be used to track topics across semantically connected web documents. Keywords—DocAnalyser, interactive web search, search word extraction, query formulation, source topic detection, topic tracking.
Real-Time Prediction of Gamers Behavior Using Variable Order Markov and Big Data Technology: A Case of Study

This paper presents the results and conclusions found when predicting the behavior of gamers in commercial videogames datasets. In particular, it uses Variable-Order Markov (VOM) to build a probabilistic model that is able to use the historic behavior of gamers and to infer what will be their next actions. Being able to predict with accuracy the next user�s actions can be of special interest to learn from the behavior of gamers, to make them more engaged and to reduce churn rate. In order to support a big volume and velocity of data, the system is built on top of the Hadoop ecosystem, using HBase for real-time processing; and the prediction tool is provided as a service (SaaS) and accessible through a RESTful API. The prediction system is evaluated using a case of study with two commercial videogames, attaining promising results with high prediction accuracies.
Deployment research of multi-tethered InSAR system for GMTI mission

This paper investigates the deployment of multi-tethered InSAR system applied in GMTI missions. Since the baselines for GMTI are usually short, the tethers whose length is almost identical to the baselines are short as well. As a consequence, the deploy mechanism should not work under this condition to avoid the unsuccessful deployment caused by the output error of the mechanism. Hence, the free deployment method is chosen. Additionally, the horizontal distribution of system is not stable. The time and energy cost of the deployment is determined by the initial in-plane angles. Hence the initial parameters of deployment are optimized to deploy the system along horizontal quickly. Subsequently, a pulse control method is used to make the system stay around the horizontal direction. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out to validate the optimization and control methods.
A family of low-power truly modular programmable dividers in standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology

A truly modular and power-scalable architecture for low-power programmable frequency dividers is presented. The architecture was used in the realization of a family of low-power fully programmable divider circuits, which consists of a 17-bit UHF divider, an 18-bit L-band divider, and a 12-bit reference divider. Key circuits of the architecture are 2/3 divider cells, which share the same logic and the same circuit implementation. The current consumption of each cell can be determined with a simple power optimization procedure. The implementation of the 2/3 divider cells is presented, the power optimization procedure is described, and the input amplifiers are briefly discussed. The circuits were processed in a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology, and work with a nominal supply voltage of 2.2 V. The power efficiency of the UHF divider is 0.77 GHz/mW, and of the L-band divider, 0.57 GHz/mW. The measured input sensitivity is >10 mV rms for the UHF divider, and >20 mV rms for the L-band divider.
Calculating Quantitative Integrity and Secrecy for Imperative Programs

This paper presents a framework for calculating measures of data integrity for programs in a small imperative language. The authors develop a Markov chain semantics for their language which calculates Clarkson and Schneider's definitions of data contamination, data suppression, program suppression and program transmission. The authors then propose their own definition of program integrity for probabilistic specifications. These definitions are based on conditional mutual information and entropy; they present a result relating them to mutual information, which can be calculated by a number of existing tools. The authors extend a quantitative information flow tool CH-IMP to calculate these measures of integrity and demonstrate this tool with examples including error correcting codes, the Dining Cryptographers protocol and the attempts by a number of banks to influence the Libor rate.
Preparation of In-Vivo Rat Lung Model for Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

An in-vivo rat lung model for ischemia-reperfusion injury was prepared. The left lung was collapsed after hilar stripping, and the left main pulmonary artery and bronchus were clamped. After the determined period of clamping the left main pulmonary artery and bronchus were declamped and the right main pulmonary artery was clamped. Arterial gas analyses were performed, 1, 10, and 20 minutes after reperfusion. The wet/dry lung eight ratio was calculated and lungs were histologically examined. Before clamping, PaO2 was 102-155 mmHg in all animals. The experimental animals were divided into 4 groups; Group I: temperature 19 degrees C, humidity 55% and duration of clamping 120 minutes (n = 2); Group II: 23 degrees C, 55% and 120 minutes (n = 4); Group III: 23 degrees C, 55% and 90 minutes (n = 5); Group IV: 23 degrees C, 65% and 75 minutes (n = 9). In Group IV, PaO2 decreased significantly in all 9 animals immediately after reperfusion, and at 1, 10, and 20 minutes it was 53.2 +/- 6.1 mmHg, 53.4 +/- 10.2 mmHg, and 67.0 +/- 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Pulmonary edema was observed histologically in 7 of the 9 animals. In-vivo rat lung models for ischemia-reperfusion injury are affected by the surrounding conditions. We established a stable model by setting ischemic time, temperature, and humidity at 75 minutes, 23 degrees C, and 65%, respectively.
Concurrent evolution and resolution in an acute inflammatory model of rat carrageenin‐induced pleurisy

Granulocyte apoptosis and subsequent clearance by phagocytes are critical for the resolution of inflammation. However, no studies have addressed how the resolution proceeds in the inflammatory site. We studied the time course of neutrophil apoptosis and the following ingestion by mononuclear leukocytes in rat carrageenin‐induced pleurisy, detecting DNA fragmentation by the deoxyuridine triphosphate‐biotin nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) method, by acridine orange staining, and from the DNA ladder pattern on electrophoresis. Neutrophil accumulation started 3–5 h after carrageenin injection and then maintained a plateau until 24 h. Neutrophils decreased steeply between days 1 and 3. Mononuclear leukocytes started to accumulate at 5 h and reached a peak at day 2. TUNEL‐positive bodies and acridine orange‐positive bodies first became detectable in the cytoplasm of the mononuclear leukocytes from 24 h and 9 h, respectively. Both methods indicated that mononuclear leukocytes containing fragmented DNA increased rapidly on days 1 and 2 and reached a peak at day 3. The characteristic ladder pattern of neutrophil DNA was observed from 5 h. Tumor necrosis factor α was detectable on the start, and the levels of interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β1 rose together with signs of neutrophil apoptosis and the following ingestion by mononuclear leukocytes. These results indicate that neutrophils start to undergo apoptosis just after the beginning of their accumulation in the inflammation site. Thus, evolution and resolution processes may proceed concurrently in acute inflammation.
The use of Meta‐Analysis Risk Estimates for Candidate Genes in Combination to Predict Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Although the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with single SNPs is modest it has been suggested that, in combination, several common risk‐associated alleles could lead to a substantially better heart disease risk prediction. We have modelled this using 10 SNPs in ten candidate genes (APOB, NOS3, APOE, ACE, SERPINE1, MTHFR, ITGA2B, PON 1, LPL, and CETP) and their predicted summary risk estimates from meta‐analysis. Based on published allele frequencies, ∼29% of the general population would be expected to carry less than three risk alleles, approximately 55% would carry 3 or 4 risk alleles, 4% would have 6 and 1% 7 or more risk alleles. Compared to the mean of those with 3 or 4 risk associated genotypes, those with 6 and 7‐or‐more alleles have a significantly higher risk odds ratio (OR) of CHD (mean OR (95% Confidence Intervals), 1.70 (1.14 to 2.55); and 4.51 (2.89 to 7.04) respectively), while compared to those in the lowest decile of risk, those in the highest decile have a CHD odds ratio in the range of 3.05 (2.24 to 4.14). Taking into account age and the risk alleles carried, the mean 10 year probability for developing CHD for a 55 year old man was calculated to be 15% (8.6% to 24.8%), with nearly 1 in 5 having more than 20% risk. Whether this particular group of 10 SNPs will improve the accuracy of CHD predictions over the combination of classical risk factors in clinical use requires further experimental evidence.
Numerical versus analytical integration of hormonal disappearance data.

After a single rapid injection of a hormone, evaluation of the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) and of its error is greatly facilitated when a numerical technique, such as the trapezoidal rule, is substituted for regression as a means of determining the area under the disappearance curve, which is the only parameter needed to characterize overall metabolism. Integration is achieved by summing trapezes defined through successive data points and the corresponding time intervals. The error in the resulting area, which is derived from the propagation of the independent errors of the trapezes, is proportionately related to the MCR. This method, which is applicable to any dynamic pattern of disappearance, provides the only available means of computing a realistic error for the MCR of a hormone which is distributed into several compartments. The statistical advantages of the numerical approach over regression analysis are illustrated in connection with experimental data pertaining to the disappearance from plasma,.