Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The 2011 outbreak of African horse sickness in the African horse sickness controlled area in South Africa.

African horse sickness (AHS) is a controlled animal disease in South Africa, and as a result of the high mortality rates experienced, outbreaks in the AHS controlled area in the Western Cape Province have a significant impact on affected properties as well as on the exportation of live horses from the AHS free zone in metropolitan Cape Town. An outbreak of AHS serotype 1 occurred in the surveillance zone of the AHS controlled area of the Western Cape during the summer of 2011. The epicentre of the outbreak was the town of Mamre in the magisterial district of Malmesbury and the outbreak was confined to a defined containment zone within this area by movement control of all equids and a blanket vaccination campaign. A total of 73 cases of AHS were confirmed during this outbreak, which included four confirmed subclinical cases. The morbidity rate for the outbreak was 16%with a mortality rate of 14%and a case fatality rate of 88%. Outbreak disease surveillance relied on agent identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays, which is novel for an AHS outbreak in South Africa. The source of this outbreak was never confirmed although it is believed to be associated with the illegal movement of an infected animal into the Mamre area. This detailed description of the outbreak provides a sound scientific basis to assist decision making in future AHS outbreaks in the AHS controlled area of South Africa and in countries where AHS is an exotic or emerging disease.
Atypical activation during the Embedded Figures Task as a functional magnetic resonance imaging endophenotype of autism

Atypical activation during the Embedded Figures Task has been demonstrated in autism, but has not been investigated in siblings or related to measures of clinical severity. We identified atypical activation during the Embedded Figures Task in participants with autism and unaffected siblings compared with control subjects in a number of temporal and frontal brain regions. Autism and sibling groups, however, did not differ in terms of activation during this task. This suggests that the pattern of atypical activation identified may represent a functional endophenotype of autism, related to familial risk for the condition shared between individuals with autism and their siblings. We also found that reduced activation in autism relative to control subjects in regions including associative visual and face processing areas was strongly correlated with the clinical severity of impairments in reciprocal social interaction. Behavioural performance was intact in autism and sibling groups. Results are discussed in terms of atypical information processing styles or of increased activation in temporal and frontal regions in autism and the broader phenotype. By separating the aspects of atypical activation as markers of familial risk for the condition from those that are autism-specific, our findings offer new insight into the factors that might cause the expression of autism in families, affecting some children but not others.
Using Appearance Information for Web Information Credibility Analysis

We have been developing a Web information analysis system named WISDOM, which supports human judgment of information credibility by analyzing Web pages based on various criteria such as the sender, content, and appearance. This paper describes use of appearance information on WISDOM. Appearance information means document style and superficial characteristic, such as page layout, sentential style, the number of advertisement, and whether or not there is contract address. We use appearance information for not only Web information credibility analysis but also Web page classification. This paper also reports the extraction method of appearance information, implementation on WISDOM, and results of preliminary experiment.
A Modeling Framework for Troubleshooting Automotive Systems

ABSTRACT This article presents a novel framework for modeling the troubleshooting process for automotive systems such as trucks and buses. We describe how a diagnostic model of the troubleshooting process can be created using event-driven, nonstationary, dynamic Bayesian networks. Exact inference in such a model is in general not practically possible. Therefore, we evaluate different approximate methods for inference based on the Boyen–Koller algorithm. We identify relevant model classes that have particular structure such that inference can be made with linear time complexity. We also show how models created using expert knowledge can be tuned using statistical data. The proposed learning mechanism can use data that is collected from a heterogeneous fleet of modular vehicles that can consist of different components. The proposed framework is evaluated both theoretically and experimentally on an application example of a fuel injection system.
Secure Protocol Implementation for Remote Bitstream Update Preventing Replay Attacks on FPGA

Nowadays, there are lot of applications where remote update is an essential service. Indeed, in high volume sale products or space-based systems it is too expensive to retrieve the device in order to update it. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are able to perform that with success through a network. However, this feature may give rise to security flaw like spoofing and replay attacks. These attacks consist in tampering the update of the hardware configuration or in replaying an old bitstream to downgrade the system. Several security schemes providing encryption and integrity checking of the bitstream have been proposed in the literature. However, they do not detect the replay of old FPGA configurations. Considering FPGA with embedded non-volatile memory, we propose a new protocol ensuring bitstream confidentiality, integrity and preventing old bitstreams replay. This work is the improvement and the implementation of previous presented ideas [1] in order to achieve more flexibility. That is why we insist on the way to manage bitstream versions. We also evaluate the area and performance overhead of the proposed architecture.
Timing of corticosteroid therapy is critical to prevent retinal ganglion cell loss in experimental optic neuritis.

PURPOSE Acute vision loss from optic neuritis typically resolves; however, recovery is often not complete. Permanent vision loss from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death occurs in 40% to 60% of patients. Current therapy (high-dose corticosteroids) speeds recovery but does not change final visual outcomes. Here the authors examined whether corticosteroids administered early in the disease course can prevent RGC loss in experimental optic neuritis. METHODS RGCs were retrogradely labeled with fluorogold in SJL/J mice. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced by immunization with proteolipid protein peptide. Optic neuritis began 9 days after immunization. Mice were treated daily with dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, or PBS from days 0 to 14 or days 10 to 14 and then were killed on day 14, 18, or 22. RESULTS Corticosteroid treatment initiated before optic neuritis onset (days 0-14) suppressed EAE and reduced optic neuritis incidence through day 14. In the few eyes that developed optic neuritis, inflammation was mild, and RGC loss was attenuated. After treatment was stopped on day 14, mice rapidly developed EAE and optic neuritis by day 18, but RGC loss was still reduced. By day 22, RGC loss increased to levels similar to those of untreated optic neuritis eyes. Corticosteroid treatment after optic neuritis onset (days 10-14) slowed EAE progression and showed a trend toward suppression of optic neuritis and RGC loss on day 14 that was lost by day 18. CONCLUSIONS Corticosteroids can suppress optic neuritis and prevent RGC loss if treatment is initiated before optic nerve inflammation onset. Treatment is less effective after inflammation begins. Results suggest that chronic immunomodulation may prevent recurrent optic neuritis and RGC damage.
Measurements of DNA-loop formation via Cre-mediated recombination

The Cre-recombination system has become an important tool for genetic manipulation of higher organisms and a model for site-specific DNA-recombination mechanisms employed by the λ-Int superfamily of recombinases. We report a novel quantitative approach for characterizing the probability of DNA-loop formation in solution using time-dependent ensemble Förster resonance energy transfer measurements of intra- and inter-molecular Cre-recombination kinetics. Our method uses an innovative technique for incorporating multiple covalent modifications at specific sites in covalently closed DNA. Because the mechanism of Cre recombinase does not conform to a simple kinetic scheme, we employ numerical methods to extract rate constants for fundamental steps that pertain to Cre-mediated loop closure. Cre recombination does not require accessory proteins, DNA supercoiling or particular metal-ion cofactors and is thus a highly flexible system for quantitatively analyzing DNA-loop formation in vitro and in vivo.
What is this song about anyway?: Automatic classification of subject using user interpretations and lyrics

Metadata research for music digital libraries has traditionally focused on genre. Despite its potential for improving the ability of users to better search and browse music collections, music subject metadata is an unexplored area. The objective of this study is to expand the scope of music metadata research, in particular, by exploring music subject classification based on user interpretations of music. Furthermore, we compare this previously unexplored form of user data to lyrics at subject prediction tasks. In our experiment, we use datasets consisting of 900 songs annotated with user interpretations. To determine the significance of performance differences between the two sources, we applied Friedman's ANOVA test on the classification accuracies. The results show that user-generated interpretations are significantly more useful than lyrics as classification features (p <; 0.05). The findings support the possibility of exploiting various existing sources for subject metadata enrichment in music digital libraries.
Effects of magnetic field and pressure in magnetoelastic stress reconfigurable thin film resonators

Free-standing CoFe thin-film doubly clamped stress reconfigurable resonators were investigated as a function of magnetic field and pressure. A large uniaxial anisotropy resulting from residual uniaxial tensile stress, as revealed from magnetic hysteresis loops, leads to an easy magnetization axis aligned along the length of the beams. The quality factor of the driven resonator beams under vacuum is increased by 30 times, leading to an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and a predicted reduction in the intrinsic magnetic noise by a factor of 6, potentially reaching as low as ∼25 pT/√Hz at 1 Torr. Stress reconfigurable sensors operating under vacuum could thus further improve the limit of detection and advance development of magnetic field sensing technology.
Variable Infrared Emission from the Supermassive Black Hole at the Center of the Milky Way

We report the detection of a variable point source, imaged at L′ (3.8 μm) with the Keck II 10 m telescope's adaptive optics system, that is coincident to within 18 mas (1 σ) of the Galaxy's central supermassive black hole and the unique radio source Sgr A*. While in 2002 this source (Sgr A* IR) was confused with the stellar source S0-2, in 2003 these two sources are separated by 87 mas, allowing the new source's properties to be determined directly. On four separate nights, its observed L′ magnitude ranges from 12.2 to 13.8, which corresponds to a dereddened flux density of 4-17 mJy; no other source in this region shows such large variations in flux density—a factor of 4 over a week and a factor of 2 over 40 minutes. In addition, it has a K-L′ color greater than 2.1, which is at least 1 mag redder than any other source detected at L′ in its vicinity. Based on this source's coincidence with the Galaxy's dynamical center, its lack of motion, its variability, and its red color, we conclude that it is associated with the central supermassive black hole. The short timescale for the 3.8 μm flux density variations implies that the emission arises quite close to the black hole, within 5 AU, or 80Rs. We suggest that both the variable 3.8 μm emission and the X-ray flares arise from the same underlying physical process, possibly the acceleration of a small population of electrons to ultrarelativistic energies. In contrast to the X-ray flares, which are only detectable ~2% of the time, the 3.8 μm emission provides a new, constantly accessible window into the physical conditions of the plasma in close proximity to the central black hole.
A Survey : Power efficiency Live Migration for Data Centers in Cloud

As we all know cloud computing is one of the fast spreading technologies for providing IT based Services to its User. We have established large-scale virtualized data-center to meet this requirement. To provide efficient and reliable services to all its user data centers consumes large amount of computation power. Due to large consumption of electrical energy has increased cost for the service provider as well as service users. Large consumption of electrical energy Couse large amount of carbon dioxide to emitted, due to this global warming is affected. We concluded that, from our studies we can reduced the power consumption by live migration of the Virtual machine (VM) by turning off idle machines. To fulfill this entire requirement we proposed a dynamic threshold based approach for CPU utilization for host at data center. This will work on dynamic and unpredictable workload to avoid unnecessary power consumption. Because of this we will achieve energy efficiency with quality of service to the user by controlling service level Agreement violation (SLA)
Quantile regression with multilayer perceptrons

We consider nonlinear quantile regression involving multilayer perceptrons (MLP). In this paper we investigate the asymptotic behavior of quantile regression in a general framework. First by allowing possibly non-identifiable regression models like MLP's with redundant hidden units, then by relaxing the conditions on the density of the noise. In this paper, we present an universal bound for the overfitting of such model under weak assumptions. The main application of this bound is to give a hint about determining the true architecture of the MLP quantile regression model. As an illustration, we use this theoretical result to propose and compare effective criteria to find the true architecture of such regression model.
Social support, relationship quality, and well-being among pregnant adolescents.

This study examined the role of social support and relationship quality on the well-being of pregnant adolescents. Sixty-seven Black and 43 White single pregnant teens participated in the study. The reciprocal exchange of support between parents and teens was correlated with increased mastery and life satisfaction and decreased depression and anxiety. However, the reciprocal exchange of support with friends did not correlate with well-being. A high quality relationship with a significant other was associated with increased self-esteem among pregnant teens dating the father of their child. This study extends the adolescent pregnancy literature by considering the reciprocal exchange of support and relationship quality with the partner.
Monaural occlusion alters sound localization during a sensitive period in the barn owl

Sound localization was disrupted in young barn owls by chronically plugging one ear. Owls that were younger than 8 weeks of age at the time of ear plugging recovered normal localization accuracy while plugged, whereas those that were older than 8 weeks at the time of ear plugging did not. The end of the sensitive period for the adjustment of sound localization accuracy coincides with the maturation of the head and ears, suggesting that the exposure of the auditory system to stable, adult-like acoustic cues could play a role in bringing the sensitive period to a close. The results demonstrate that, early in development, associations between auditory cues and locations in space can be altered by experience.
Bootstrapping Named Entity Extraction for the Creation of Mobile Services

As users become more accustomed to using their mobile devices to organize and schedule their lives, there is more of a demand for applications that can make that process easier. Automatic speech recognition technology has already been developed to enable essentially unlimited vocabulary in a mobile setting. Understanding the words that are spoken is the next challenge. In this paper, we describe efforts to develop a dataset and classifier to recognize named entities in speech. Using sets of both real and simulated data, in conjunction with a very large set of real named entities, we created a challenging corpus of training and test data. We use these data to develop a classifier to identify names and locations on a word-by-word basis. In this paper, we describe the process of creating the data and determining a set of features to use for named entity recognition. We report on our classification performance on these data, as well as point to future work in improving all aspects of the system.
Development of Tool-Type Devices for a Multifingered Haptic Interface Robot

This paper presents the design of tool-type devices for a multifingered Haptic Interface Robot (HIRO), and summarizes the experimental results. HIRO consists of a robot arm with a five-fingered hand to which a variety of tools can be attached. The system is able to present the force sensation of many tool-type devices. In the medical field, manufacturing industry, and other fields, there are tools of a variety of shapes with a range of uses, and a haptic interface that can present the force sensation for many tools will be important for virtual training systems. HIRO has five fingers, and thus, we must clarify how many fingers need to be connected to the tool-type device and which fingers should be used for the connection. Solving these problems is important with regard to presenting an operator the force feeling through the tool-type device. To solve these problems, we propose an optimal connection method from the mobility and singularity points of view, and we have developed the tool-type devices for HIRO based on the proposed method. We describe here several experiments that were carried out to investigate the performance of the developed devices.
Quantification of brain glycogen concentration and turnover through localized 13C NMR of both the C1 and C6 resonances

We have recently shown that at isotopic steady state 13C NMR can provide a direct measurement of glycogen concentration changes, but that the turnover of glycogen was not accessible with this protocol. The aim of the present study was to design, implement and apply a novel dual‐tracer infusion protocol to simultaneously measure glycogen concentration and turnover. After reaching isotopic steady state for glycogen C1 using [1‐13C] glucose administration, [1,6‐13C2] glucose was infused such that isotopic steady state was maintained at the C1 position, but the C6 position reflected 13C label incorporation. To overcome the large chemical shift displacement error between the C1 and C6 resonances of glycogen, we implemented 2D gradient based localization using the Fourier series window approach, in conjunction with time‐domain analysis of the resulting FIDs using jMRUI. The glycogen concentration of 5.1 ± 1.6 mM measured from the C1 position was in excellent agreement with concomitant biochemical determinations. Glycogen turnover measured from the rate of label incorporation into the C6 position of glycogen in the α‐chloralose anesthetized rat was 0.7 µmol/g/h. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Andrographolide enhanced 5-fluorouracil-induced antitumor effect in colorectal cancer via inhibition of c-MET pathway

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) is the most important chemotherapeutic drug used for the treatment of CRC. However, resistance to 5-Fu therapies is a growing concern in CRC clinical practice recently. Andrographolide (Andro) is a main bioactive constituent of the herb Andrographis paniculata, which has various biological effects including anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. In the present study, we investigated the effects of combined Andro with 5-Fu against CRC HCT-116 cells. In vitro studies showed that Andro synergistically enhanced the anti-proliferation effect of 5-Fu on HCT-116 cells due to increased apoptotic cells. Meanwhile, results of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the level of phosphorylated cellular-mesenchymal to epithelial transition factor (p-MET) was decreased by the combination treatment. Further study suggested that Andro promoted the antitumor effect of 5-Fu by down-regulating the level of p-MET. In conclusion, these results confirmed the synergistic antitumor activity of Andro on CRC and provide evidence for possible clinical application of Andro for enhancing the antitumor effect of 5-Fu in CRC treatment.
Memory and Attention Test Performance of Young and Elderly Subjects After Retest Practice

The effects of training on two memory and two attention tasks were investigated in 24 healthy elderly and 23 young subjects. Two training periods, each consisting of four sessions, were performed, and the effects of training were assessed during two test sessions 1 week thereafter. Significant age-related effects at the pretraining test session were found for reaction times to a simple visual stimulus, retrieval time of information from long-term storage, and the speed of focusing attention. In both age groups, performance of the first two tasks was significantly improved by training; however, the age-related effect remained significant after training. In the focused attention task, the age difference at baseline disappeared after training due to an opposite learning trend in young and elderly subjects. Thus, the cognitive performance of elderly subjects could be trained to a large extent. Significant age differences, however, could be decreased only if the test performance of young subjects did not improve.
Differential Effects of Antiretroviral Nucleoside Analogs on Mitochondrial Function in HepG2 Cells

ABSTRACT Numerous studies have reported effects of antiviral nucleoside analogs on mitochondrial function, but they have not correlated well with the observed toxic side effects. By comparing the effects of the five Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analogs, zidovudine (3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine) (AZT), 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine (ddC), 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine (ddI), 2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-deoxythymidine (d4T), and β-L-2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine (3TC), as well as the metabolite of AZT, 3′-amino-3′-deoxythymidine (AMT), on mitochondrial function in a human hepatoma cell line, this issue has been reexamined. Evidence for a number of mitochondrial defects with AZT, ddC, and ddI was found, but only AZT induced a marked rise in lactic acid levels. Only in mitochondria isolated from AZT (50 μM)-treated cells was significant inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and citrate synthase found. Our investigations also demonstrated that AZT, d4T, and 3TC did not affect the synthesis of the 11 polypeptides encoded by mitochondrial DNA, while ddC caused 70% reduction of total polypeptide content and ddI reduced by 43% the total content of 8 polypeptides (including NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1, 2, 4, and 5, cytochromec oxidase subunits I to III, and cytochrome b). We hypothesize that in hepatocytes the reserve capacity for mitochondrial respiration is such that inhibition of respiratory enzymes is unlikely to become critical. In contrast, the combined inhibition of the citric acid cycle and electron transport greatly enhances the dependence of the cell on glycolysis and may explain why apparent mitochondrial dysfunction is more prevalent with AZT treatment.