Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Environmental Health and Toxicology Resources of the United States National Library of Medicine

Abstract For over 40 years, the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program (TEHIP) has worked to organize and to provide access to an extensive array of environmental health and toxicology resources. During these years, the TEHIP program has evolved from a handful of databases developed primarily for researchers to a broad range of products and services that also serve industry, students, and the general public. TEHIP's resources include TOXNET(r) http://www.toxnet. nlm.nih. gov, a collection of databases, including online handbooks, bibliographic references, information on the release of chemicals in the environment, and a chemical dictionary. TEHIP also produces several resources aimed towards the general public, such as the Household Products Database http://www.hpd. nlm.nih. gov, which helps users explore chemicals often found in common household products, and Tox Town(r) http://www.toxtown. nlm.nih. gov, an interactive guide to commonly encountered toxic substances, health, and the environment. This paper introduces some of NLM's environmental health and toxicology resources.
Live demonstration: Real-time orientation estimation and grasping of household objects for upper limb prostheses with a dynamic vision sensor

In this demonstration we show improved grasping capabilities of household objects by an upper limb prosthesis using the unique features of a dynamic vision sensor (DVS). With the low-power consumption and non-redundant data output of a DVS, our system is able to perform real-time object classification and optimal grasp orientation. This enables an amputee to simply approach an object to be grasped by the prosthetic, while our novel algorithm assists with task completion. Our approach is motivated with the goal to reduce cognitive load required by amputees to control prosthetic hands.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Efficient Double Fragmentation ChIP-seq Provides Nucleotide Resolution Protein-DNA Binding Profiles

Immunoprecipitated crosslinked protein-DNA fragments typically range in size from several hundred to several thousand base pairs, with a significant part of chromatin being much longer than the optimal length for next-generation sequencing (NGS) procedures. Because these larger fragments may be non-random and represent relevant biology that may otherwise be missed, but also because they represent a significant fraction of the immunoprecipitated material, we designed a double-fragmentation ChIP-seq procedure. After conventional crosslinking and immunoprecipitation, chromatin is decrosslinked and sheared a second time to concentrate fragments in the optimal size range for NGS. Besides the benefits of increased chromatin yields, the procedure also eliminates a laborious size-selection step. We show that the doublefragmentation ChIP-seq approach allows for the generation of biologically relevant genome-wide protein-DNA binding profiles from sub-nanogram amounts of TCF7L2/TCF4, TBP and H3K4me3 immunoprecipitated material. Although optimized for the AB/SOLiD platform, the same approach may be applied to other platforms. Citation: Mokry M, Hatzis P, de Bruijn E, Koster J, Versteeg R, et al. (2010) Efficient Double Fragmentation ChIP-seq Provides Nucleotide Resolution Protein-DNA Binding Profiles. PLoS ONE 5(11): e15092. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0015092 Editor: Bähler Jürg, University College London, United Kingdom Received August 3, 2010; Accepted October 20, 2010; Published November 30, 2010 Copyright: 2010 Mokry et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was financially supported by the Cancer Genomics Center (Netherlands Genomics Initiative). P.H. was supported by a Human Frontier Science Program Organization long-term fellowship. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: e.cuppen@hubrecht.e
The professional identity of early years educators in England: implications for a transformative approach to continuing professional development

This article examines the professional identity of nine early years educators currently working in the early years sector of education in England. These educators include teachers, teaching assistants, nursery practitioners and nursery nurses working with children three to five years old in the Early Years Foundation Stage in state-maintained schools. The article arises from a doctoral research study that gives voice to the professional identities of these early years educators. The policy background and particular context in which the research is carried out are outlined. The article reports on an exploration of these educators’ storied perceptions of their professionality, which is multi-dimensional, complex and cannot be reduced to a list of personal characteristics, responsibilities and duties. The educators’ experiences of continuing professional development are considered and an alternative approach is suggested in light of these educators’ needs in terms of being valued, having connections and making a difference in their work contexts.
Distribution of lightning current in the grounding grid for different multilayer soil models

The paper presents computer results of current distribution for two different lightning current waveforms injected in the central part of a typical substation grounding grid buried in an uniform soil and two different two-layered soils with positive and negative reflection factors, respectively. Obtained results show that the modules of the input impedance of the grounding systems differ significantly and are almost constant in the low-frequency range being practically the same as dc grounding resistances. The computed input impedances increase rapidly above 10 kHz and reach at 1 MHz similar values for both two-layered soils. The lightning current flowing in the horizontal conductors of the analysed grounding grid with vertical rods is slightly greater in the outer edges than current for the same grounding system and soil but without the vertical rods for both injected current waveforms with relatively slow and very fast rising wavefronts.
Where's waldo? human figure segmentation using saliency maps

Human figure segmentation (HFS) is at the very core of many image and video processing tasks. Many solutions have been proposed for the separation of objects, or more specifically human figures, from image background in a video scene. Unfortunately, these solutions do not provide tight human segmentation in the most general conditions, so only a coarse segmentation of human figures can be assumed. In this paper it is assumed that a rectangular, not necessarily tight, segmentation of a human figure is available and a way to refine this segmentation is proposed. We use saliency detection for HFS in a single image, thus creating a mask that eliminates most of the background in the rectangular input while maintaining the human figure mostly intact. The proposed technique is a generalization over recently proposed saliency detection methods in order to better accommodate the special conditions of this specific problem. Tests show that saliency detection is beneficial for HFS. In addition, the proposed saliency detection is shown to improve HFS results and presents a viable solution for HFS in a single image or a video stream.
Fuzzy non-dominance multipath link-state routing framework for network routing management with inaccurate information

An open problem for quality of service routing management is the use of inaccurate metric information. Due to the periodic link-state updates, the router always contains out-of-date information. This paper proposes a novel framework for routing management with inaccurate information. We introduce fuzzy metric representation and the concept of non-dominance or Pareto-optimal fuzzy shortest path routing into our framework. The term fuzzy shortest path routing used here is distinct from the classic sense of fuzzy rule controlled routing. We map the crisp link-state information to a new plane by fuzzification factor, and use fuzzy non-dominated multipath routing algorithm for path selection in order to achieve a better network usage. Under our framework, a network administrator can easily switch between fuzzy or non-fuzzy routing. We will discuss and investigate how this framework could be merged with the current network infrastructure to support better QoS for emerging services and applications. A case study is shown in the paper, and simulation results are also included to validate the network preference enhancement under our framework.
Markov source model for printed music decoding

This paper describes a Markov source model for a simple subset of printed music notation. The model is based on the Adobe Sonata music symbol set and a message language of our own design. Chord imaging is the most complex part of the model. Much of the complexity follows from a rule of music typography that requires the noteheads for adjacent pitches to be placed on opposite sides of the chord stem. This rule leads to a proliferation of cases for other typographic details such as dot placement. We describe the language of message strings accepted by the model and discuss some of the imaging issues associated with various aspects of the message language. We also point out some aspects of music notation that appear problematic for a finite-state representation. Development of the model was greatly facilitated by the duality between image synthesis and image decoding. Although our ultimate objective was a music image model for use in decoding, most of the development proceeded by using the evolving model for image synthesis, since it is computationally far less costly to image a message than to decode an image.
Using molecular markers and PCB analysis to infer the origin of the otter (Lutra lutra) found on the Knardijk, the Netherlands, in 1998

It is presumed that the oUer (Lutra hara) became extinct in the Netherlands in 1988. Since then much effort has been made to restore the freshwater habitat aiming for a return of this top-predator. In 1998 from the central part of the Netherlands an otter was repOlted as a tratlic casualty. It was not known if this individual was a rudiment of the original Dutch population or if it had escaped from the European otter breeding programme. To infer its origin. samples were taken for PCB and DNA analysis. Microsatellite DNA analysis was used to study 81 ottcr samples from thrce populations in Europe and from the breeding programme, including this individual. Cluster analysis indicates that it is unlikely that thi::. otter originated from the Dutch population and it was with high probability assigned to the breeding programme. The levels of PCBs found in the otter were in the same ran­ ge as found in the last Dutch otters. but were also similar to levels found in a two ycars old otter that was born and died in captivity. This indicates that PCB levels are not always good indicators for discrimination between capti­ ve and wild otters.
Jealousy, Romantic Love, and Liking: Theoretical Considerations and Preliminary Scale Development

The studies reported in this paper had two purposes, the construction of a measure of jealousy and the use of this measure to test some prevalent beliefs concerning jealousy with the aim of providing construct validity for the scale and expanding our empirical understanding of jealousy. Using the rational approach to test construction, a 28-item test was constructed. This scale was expected to correlate positively with romantic love, insecurity, and low self-esteem and negatively with separate identities. Also scores should not correlate with liking. These relationships were noted except for positive correlations between jealousy and insecurity for men and jealousy and low self-esteem for both sexes. Enough evidence for construct validity was found to warrant further use of the scale for research. It was suggested that open marriage relationships must be based primarily on liking rather than romantic love to avoid jealousy.
The Small, Slow and Specialized CRISPR and Anti-CRISPR of Escherichia and Salmonella

Prokaryotes thrive in spite of the vast number and diversity of their viruses. This partly results from the evolution of mechanisms to inactivate or silence the action of exogenous DNA. Among these, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) are unique in providing adaptive immunity against elements with high local resemblance to genomes of previously infecting agents. Here, we analyze the CRISPR loci of 51 complete genomes of Escherichia and Salmonella. CRISPR are in two pairs of loci in Escherichia, one single pair in Salmonella, each pair showing a similar turnover rate, repeat sequence and putative linkage to a common set of cas genes. Yet, phylogeny shows that CRISPR and associated cas genes have different evolutionary histories, the latter being frequently exchanged or lost. In our set, one CRISPR pair seems specialized in plasmids often matching genes coding for the replication, conjugation and antirestriction machinery. Strikingly, this pair also matches the cognate cas genes in which case these genes are absent. The unexpectedly high conservation of this anti-CRISPR suggests selection to counteract the invasion of mobile elements containing functional CRISPR/cas systems. There are few spacers in most CRISPR, which rarely match genomes of known phages. Furthermore, we found that strains divergent less than 250 thousand years ago show virtually identical CRISPR. The lack of congruence between cas, CRISPR and the species phylogeny and the slow pace of CRISPR change make CRISPR poor epidemiological markers in enterobacteria. All these observations are at odds with the expectedly abundant and dynamic repertoire of spacers in an immune system aiming at protecting bacteria from phages. Since we observe purifying selection for the maintenance of CRISPR these results suggest that alternative evolutionary roles for CRISPR remain to be uncovered.
The development of persuasive communication strategies in kindergarteners through twelfth‐graders

Previous research has documented age‐related developments in the differentiation and abstractness of the system of interpersonal constructs employed in perceiving persons and the relationship of such developments to qualitative changes in persuasive strategies. This study extended the analysis of the interrelations among these developments within a broad age range. In addition to other findings, the quality of persuasive strategies was demonstrated to be strongly related to developments in differententiation in early childhood and to abstractness in later childhood and adolescence.
Predicting Timing Behavior In Architectural Design Exploration Of Real-time Embedded Systems

The degree of flexibility of a real-time system architectureindicates the capability of the system to tolerate perturbationsin timing related specifications. Flexibility is also an importantfactor in the trade-off studies between cost and performance.In this paper, we identify the need for a flexibility metricand show that the existing real-time analysis results cannot bedirectly used as such a metric. We formulate new metrics andillustrate their effectiveness in comparing the flexibility of differentsystem architectures.
Creating Collegial Relationships: A precondition and product of self-study

This article reports a self-study conducted during my four-year tenure as head of the elementary school department within a college of education. During that period, I explored my developing understanding of the role of relationships in the processes of my professional and personal growth. I describe the three cycles of action that comprise the process of change I instigated in the department. I also describe the three phases I identified retrospectively. These relate to the transformations I experienced in my understanding, conceptions, and actions regarding relationships and leadership.
Constraint-Driven Test Scheduling for NoC-Based Systems

On-chip integrated network, the so-called network-on-chip (NoC), is becoming a promising communication paradigm for the next-generation embedded core-based system chips. The reuse of the on-chip network as test access mechanism has been recently proposed to handle the growing complexity of testing NoC-based systems. However, the NoC reuse is limited by the on-chip routing resources and various constraints. Therefore, efficient test-scheduling methods are required to deliver feasible test time while meeting all the constraints. In this paper, the authors propose a comprehensive approach to test scheduling in NoC-based systems. The proposed scheduling algorithm is based on the use of dedicated routing path that is suitable for nonpreemptive test. The algorithm is improved by incorporating both preemptive and nonpreemptive tests. In addition, BIST, precedence, and power constraints were taken into consideration. Experimental results for the ITC'02 system-on-chip benchmarks show that the nonpreemptive scheduling based on dedicated path can efficiently reduce test application time compared to previous work, and the improved method provides a practical solution to the real-world NoC-based-system testing with both preemptive and nonpreemptive cores. It is also shown that various constraints can be incorporated to deliver a comprehensive test solution
Extraction and Analysis of Character Interaction Networks From Plays and Movies

Due to recent efforts to digitize literary works, researchers have been able to perform large-scale analyses of millions of texts and reach meaningful conclusions about literature, language, and culture [1]. The vast majority of such work has focused on analyzing literature at the level of individual words. In an early landmark example, Mosteller and Wallace [2] used statistical analysis of word frequencies to determine that, with very high probability, the twelve unattributed Federalist Papers were written by James Madison. More recently, Michel et al. [1] made fascinating discoveries about collective memory, the evolution of grammar, the dynamics of fame, and more by examining word frequencies in millions of books published over the past two centuries. While this statistical approach is clearly powerful, it has certain drawbacks. By considering only coarse-grain properties like word frequencies, these analyses completely ignore the subtleties of the literary works in question, reducing complex texts to bags of words. Compared to computer scientists, literary theorists typically take a very different approach to the task of analyzing literature. Rather than focusing on frequencies and statistics, they tend to perform in-depth qualitative studies examining the intricacies of plot structure and character interactions. Unfortunately, while this form of detailed analysis allows for deep conclusions to be drawn about literary works, it does not scale well to large numbers of texts due to the significant amount of time required for a human to read, understand, and thoroughly analyze a piece of literature. In this project, we combine the two approaches to literary analysis (that of a computer scientist and that of a literary scholar), allowing us to benefit from the advantages of both. More specifically, we develop and apply methods for automatically extracting character interaction networks from works of entertainment and use the properties of the resulting networks to draw conclusions about the works at hand. There are three main components of our project: (1) extracting character interaction networks in the form of weighted graphs from our chosen works, (2) computing informative properties (e.g., clustering coefficient) of the resulting networks, and (3) using those properties to answer broad questions about the works (e.g., whether different genres or media types are characterized by distinctive types of interaction networks) by constructing logistic regression and decision tree classifiers. We discuss all three steps, as well as our data sources, in greater detail below. First, we briefly survey some related work.
Bringing is innovation in a highly-regulated environment: A collective action perspective

The main question addressed in this paper is how to bring IS innovation in a highly regulated environment. The major challenge is that in domains that are highly regulated (such as Customs, Energy, and Healthcare), legal requirements often hinder the innovation process and the subsequent adoption of innovation. While adoption and diffusion of innovation has been the subject of extensive discussion in the context of IS, theories predominantly follow the rational positivistic perspective, focussing on variables which can predict the rate of diffusion and adoption. Such approaches remain static and fail to capture the complex social processes that would need to be mobilized to bring the desired change. Moreover, they do not pay specific attention to existing regulatory regimes that may need to be changed to create grounds for the further adoption of the innovation. To address these limitations, we apply the collective action model for institutional innovation (Hargrave and Van de Ven, 2006). Through our interpretive case study from the domain of eCustoms we are able to demonstrate the applicability of this alternative model to explain IS innovation, by showing how processes such as framing contests, mobilization of networks, utilization of political opportunities and engagement in collective action processes form an integral part of the institutional innovation process. The contribution of this paper is as follows. First of all, we apply a highly conceptual model borrowed from the organizational science field to analyse a real life case. We demonstrate the applicability of this model to explain processes of bringing IS innovation in a highly regulated context (eCustoms). By doing so, we contribute a new perspective for analyzing IS innovation, which can be seen as
trans splicing in Leishmania enriettii and identification of ribonucleoprotein complexes containing the spliced leader and U2 equivalent RNAs

The 5' ends of Leishmania mRNAs contain an identical 35-nucleotide sequence termed the spliced leader (SL) or 5' mini-exon. The SL sequence is at the 5' end of an 85-nucleotide primary transcript that contains a consensus eucaryotic 5' intron-exon splice junction immediately 3' to the SL. The SL is added to protein-coding genes immediately 3' to a consensus eucaryotic 3' intron-exon splice junction. Our previous work demonstrated possible intermediates in discontinuous mRNA processing that contain the 50 nucleotides of the SL primary transcript 3' to the SL, the SL intron sequence (SLIS). These RNAs have a 5' terminus at the splice junction of the SL and the SLIS. We examined a Leishmania nuclear extract for these RNAs in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles. Density centrifugation analysis showed that the SL RNA is predominantly in RNP complexes at 60S, while the SLIS-containing RNAs are in complexes at 40S. We also demonstrated that the SLIS can be released from polyadenylated RNA by incubation with a HeLa cell extract containing debranching enzymatic activity. These data suggested that Leishmania enriettii mRNAs are assembled by bimolecular or trans splicing as has been recently demonstrated for Trypanosoma brucei. Furthermore, we determined the partial sequence of the Leishmania U2 equivalent RNA and demonstrated that it cosediments with the SL RNA at 60S in a nuclear extract. These RNP particles may be analogous to so-called spliceosomes that have been demonstrated in other systems.