Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distributed Representation of Image Velocity

We describe a new form of representation of image velocities, which does not rely on vector elds. For each local spatio-temporal region of the input image, we desire a function over the space of velocities describing the presence of a given velocity in that region. This function may be interpreted as a probability distribution over velocity, although it is not necessary to do so. A primary advantage of this representation is that it is capable of representing more than one velocity at a given image location. A multi-modal distribution indicates the presence of multiple motions. Such situations occur frequently in natural scenes near occlusion boundaries, and in situations of transparency. We develop an example of this type of representation through a series of modi cations of current di erential approaches to motion estimation. We de ne an angular version of the standard gradient constraint equation, and then extend this to represent multiple motions. The derivation is rst done for one-dimensional signals and then extended to two dimensions. We implement an e cient version of this distributed representation, in which the entire distribution may be interpolated from a sparse set of samples. We then demonstrate its use on simple synthetic examples containing occlusion boundaries and transparent surfaces.
Three-month evaluation of strut healing using a novel optical coherence tomography analytical method following bioresorbable polymer everolimus-eluting stent implantation in humans: the TIMELESS study

Aims Bioresorbable polymer drug-eluting stent technologies have been considered to have the potential to enhance vascular healing by reducing polymer exposure to the vessel wall, potentially allowing the earlier discontinuation of dual antiplatelet therapy. At present, the early vascular healing response to this type of technologies is still unclear. Patients and methods The TIMELESS study is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm study that enrolled real-world patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. All patients underwent Synergy stent implantation, which consists of a platinum–chromium platform coated with an ultra-thin abluminal bioabsorbable poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide polymer-eluting everolimus. Results A total of 37 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention because of acute coronary syndromes. At 3 months, angiographic follow-up showed a percentage diameter of stenosis of 8.1±7.5% and an angiographic late loss of 0.03±0.24 mm. In all analyzed struts, less than 1% of struts were definitely uncovered or covered with fibrin, 12.5% (5.0–18.5%) showed evidence of partial coverage, and the remaining (∼85%) were fully covered. No stent thrombosis was observed up to 12 months of clinical follow-up. Conclusion In a real-world population, the implantation of a bioresorbable polymer drug-eluting stent resulted in almost complete strut coverage throughout the entire stent length at 3 months. The clinical implications for antiplatelet therapy and outcomes should be investigated further.
A Simple Time-Dependent Model of SST Hot Spots

Abstract The authors introduce a simple model for the time-dependent evolution of tropical “hot spots,” or localized regions where the sea surface temperature (SST) becomes unusually high for a limited period of time. The model consists of a simple zero-dimensional atmospheric model coupled to an ocean mixed layer. For plausible parameter values, steady solutions of this model can become unstable to time-dependent oscillations, which are studied both by linear stability analysis and explicit time-dependent nonlinear simulation. For reasonable parameter values, the oscillations have periods ranging from intraseasonal to subannual. For parameter values only slightly beyond the threshold for instability, the oscillations become strongly nonlinear, and have a recharge–discharge character. The basic mechanism for the instability and oscillations comes from cloud-radiative and wind-evaporation feedbacks, which play the same role in the dynamics and are lumped together into a single parameterization. This is pos.
Learning Categories From Few Examples With Multi Model Knowledge Transfer

Learning a visual object category from few samples is a compelling and challenging problem. In several real-world applications collecting many annotated data is costly and not always possible. However, a small training set does not allow to cover the high intraclass variability typical of visual objects. In this condition, machine learning methods provide very few guarantees. This paper presents a discriminative model adaptation algorithm able to proficiently learn a target object with few examples by relying on other previously learned source categories. The proposed method autonomously chooses from where and how much to transfer information by solving a convex optimization problem which ensures to have the minimal leave-one-out error on the available training set. We analyze several properties of the described approach and perform an extensive experimental comparison with other existing transfer solutions, consistently showing the value of our algorithm.
Inhibition of Mycobacterium-RmlA by Molecular Modeling, Dynamics Simulation, and Docking

The increasing resistance to anti-tb drugs has enforced strategies for finding new drug targets against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In recent years enzymes associated with the rhamnose pathway in Mtb have attracted attention as drug targets. The present work is on α-D-glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase (RmlA), the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of L-rhamnose, of Mtb cell wall. This study aims to derive a 3D structure of RmlA by using a comparative modeling approach. Structural refinement and energy minimization of the built model have been done with molecular dynamics. The reliability assessment of the built model was carried out with various protein checking tools such as Procheck, Whatif, ProsA, Errat, and Verify 3D. The obtained model investigates the relation between the structure and function. Molecular docking interactions of Mtb-RmlA with modified EMB (ethambutol) ligands and natural substrate have revealed specific key residues Arg13, Lys23, Asn109, and Thr223 which play an important role in ligand binding and selection. Compared to all EMB ligands, EMB-1 has shown better interaction with Mtb-RmlA model. The information thus discussed above will be useful for the rational design of safe and effective inhibitors specific to RmlA enzyme pertaining to the treatment of tuberculosis.
Graph-based predictions and recommendations in flexible manufacturing systems

Due to the emerging paradigm of mass-customization, manufacturing processes are becoming increasingly complex. Management of this complexity requires system support that goes beyond traditional MES capabilities, such as discovery of patterns throughout massive networks of interdependent processes. As of today, Manufacturing Analytics offer only limited decision support focused on descriptive metrics that cannot account for predictive and prescriptive decision support, such as detection of systematic fault patterns. The application of predictive models in manufacturing environments is non-trivial, because they need to reflect system domain constraints and preserve semantics of manufacturing operations. Recent approaches of so-called Advanced Manufacturing Analytics try to fill this gap by applying standard data mining algorithms with customized data preparation for domain-specific use cases. In order to overcome the problem of high customization efforts, we introduce a graph-based analytics framework derived from a comprehensive requirements analysis. Additionally, we demonstrate applicability of the presented framework on two exemplary manufacturing analytics use cases.
Patterning and gastrulation defects caused by the tw18 lethal are due to loss of Ppp2r1a

ABSTRACT The mouse t haplotype, a variant 20 cM genomic region on Chromosome 17, harbors 16 embryonic control genes identified by recessive lethal mutations isolated from wild mouse populations. Due to technical constraints so far only one of these, the tw5 lethal, has been cloned and molecularly characterized. Here we report the molecular isolation of the tw18 lethal. Embryos carrying the tw18 lethal die from major gastrulation defects commencing with primitive streak formation at E6.5. We have used transcriptome and marker gene analyses to describe the molecular etiology of the tw18 phenotype. We show that both WNT and Nodal signal transduction are impaired in the mutant epiblast, causing embryonic patterning defects and failure of primitive streak and mesoderm formation. By using a candidate gene approach, gene knockout by homologous recombination and genetic rescue, we have identified the gene causing the tw18 phenotype as Ppp2r1a, encoding the PP2A scaffolding subunit PR65alpha. Our work highlights the importance of phosphatase 2A in embryonic patterning, primitive streak formation, gastrulation, and mesoderm formation downstream of WNT and Nodal signaling. Summary: The tw18 lethal, a ‘classical’ mutation, affects gastrulation and embryo patterning. This article shows that phosphatase PP2A is dysfunctional in tw18 and essential for Nodal and WNT signaling in the epiblast.
Spectral analysis of heart rate variability as an indicator of driver fatigue.

The effect of distance driven on three physiological variables taken to be indicators of fatigue was investigated on a 340 km highway circuit with eight inexperienced drivers as subjects. The physiological variables used were spectral values of heart rate variability in the 0.05-0.15Hz region (0.1 Hz HRV) supplemented by standard deviation of heart rate mean (S.D. HRV) and heart rate mean (HR). The analysis showed a significant relationship between 0.1 Hz HRV and distance driven while S.D. HRV and HR showed no direct relationship. The reason for this differential effect on the three physiological variables was discussed, and it was concluded that 0.1 Hz HRV seems to be a sensitive indicator of driver fatigue.
JAM-A associates with ZO-2, afadin, and PDZ-GEF1 to activate Rap2c and regulate epithelial barrier function

Intestinal barrier function is regulated by epithelial tight junctions, structures that control paracellular permeability. JAM-A regulates epithelial permeability through association with ZO-2, afadin, and PDZ-GEF1 to activate Rap2c and control contraction of the apical cytoskeleton.
ASSESSMENT OF INTAKES AND DOSES TO WORKERS FOLLOWED FOR 15 YEARS AFTER ACCIDENTAL INHALATION OF 60Co

Intakes and doses are assessed for seven workers who accidentally inhaled particles containing 60Co in the same incident. Comprehensive whole body data to 15 y, and some early urine and fecal data, are available for each individual. The biokinetic and dosimetric models currently recommended by ICRP have been used to assess these cases. It was not possible to obtain good fits to the data using the ICRP models with their default parameter values. However, good fits to all the measurement data were obtained by varying parameter values following a procedure similar to that recommended in recently developed guidelines for assessment of internal doses from monitoring data. It was found that retention in the lungs was much longer than predicted by the ICRP Human Respiratory Tract Model, and so for each case it was necessary to reduce the particle transport clearance of material from the deep lungs. This reduction in lung clearance rates, and the use of specific AMAD values, were the dominating factors in changing assessed doses from those calculated using ICRP default values.
Networked MPC for constrained linear systems: a recursive feasibility approach

The present paper proposes a recursively feasible networked model predictive control scheme for discrete-time constrained interconnected linear systems. A centralized controller, which communicates with the subsystems through a packet-based communication network, is designed to guarantee the uniform boundedness of the trajectories of the overall closed-loop system. In order to cope with disturbances and time-varying transmission delays which typically affect networked control systems, a network delay compensation strategy based on acknowledgments and time-stamping of data packets is adopted. The main contribution of the paper consists in proving that the proposed method guarantees the robust enforcement of hard state and input constraints even in presence of bounded model uncertainty and delayed feedback communication channels, provided that transmission delays are bounded.
An IoT application for locating victims aftermath of an earthquake

This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) framework which is specially designed for assisting the research and rescue operations targeted to collapsed buildings aftermath of an earthquake. In general, an IoT network is used to collect and process data from different sources called things. According to the collected data, an IoT system can actuate different mechanisms to react the environment. In the problem at hand, we exploit the IoT capabilities to collect the data about the victims before the building collapses and when it falls down the collected data is processed to generate useful reports which will direct the search and rescue efforts. The proposed framework is tested by a pilot implementation with some simplifications. The initial results and experiences are promising. During the pilot implementation, we observed some issues which are addressed in the proposed IoT framework properly.
Wrist Circumference and Frame Size Percentiles in 6-17-Year-Old Turkish Children and Adolescents in Kayseri

Objective: The aim of the current study was to provide wrist circumference (WrC) and body frame size (height/WrC) percentile values in Turkish children and adolescents aged 6-17 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data of “Determination of Anthropometric Measures of Turkish Children and Adolescents” (DAMTCA II) study in Kayseri/Turkey were used. A total of 4330 observations were recorded (1931 boys, 2399 girls). The WrC and frame size reference values were produced with generalized additive models for location, scale and shape. Results: The WrC percentiles (3rd-97th) were calculated. The frame size (height/WrC) was estimated as small, medium, and large (<15th, 15-85th, and ≥85th percentiles, respectively). For both genders, WrC linearly increased with age (13.0-16.8 cm for boys and 12.5-15.5 cm for girls). In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of WrC is 13.00±0.89 cm and 12.48±0.93 cm (6 years) and increases to 16.83±1.16 and 15.58±0.86 cm (17 years), respectively. The WrC values in all age groups were higher in boys compared with girls. The increment in frame size from 6 to 17 years were 1.25 cm in boys and 0.85 cm in girls. Conclusion: WrC is a simple, easy-to-detect anthropometric index which is not subject to measurement errors. Additionally, WrC can be used both to decide about frame size and to determine metabolic risks related to obesity. We consider that this easy-to-get anthropometric index can be used both in screening procedures and clinical assessment procedure for obesity-related metabolic consequences.
Gene amplification: mechanisms and involvement in cancer

Abstract Gene amplification was recognized as a physiological process during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. Intriguingly, mammalian cells use this mechanism to overexpress particular genes for survival under stress, such as during exposure to cytotoxic drugs. One well-known example is the amplification of the dihydrofolate reductase gene observed in methotrexate-resistant cells. Four models have been proposed for the generation of amplifications: extrareplication and recombination, the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, double rolling-circle replication, and replication fork stalling and template switching. Gene amplification is a typical genetic alteration in cancer, and historically many oncogenes have been identified in the amplified regions. In this regard, novel cancer-associated genes may remain to be identified in the amplified regions. Recent comprehensive approaches have further revealed that co-amplified genes also contribute to tumorigenesis in concert with known oncogenes in the same amplicons. Considering that cancer develops through the alteration of multiple genes, gene amplification is an effective acceleration machinery to promote tumorigenesis. Identification of cancer-associated genes could provide novel and effective therapeutic targets.
Demo: sigSocial: A Novel Social Media Aggregation Service using a Tiny Text Intelligence

We present an entirely novel concept of retrieving social media data, called sigSocial. It integrates social media data of various sources, using a semantic classifier. Nowadays, people use multiple social media simultaneously, acquiring information with ease. However, accessing numerous services to reach different channels is bothersome. Also, the volume of information one can process is limited. Our aim is to reduce this burden, providing easiness and efficiency. In other words, we attempt to build a single service that integrates information from various platforms. The application has three main features. First, it enables users to explore multiple social media without accessing them separately. Second, it organizes information retrieved from social medias into well-defined classes. Finally, it works as a stand-alone application, the mechanism of which is internal to the device, not relying on any external servers or networks. This method respects user privacy, which has recently gained much attention.
Crack imaging by pulsed laser spot thermography

A surface crack close to a spot heated by a laser beam impedes lateral heat flow and produces alterations to the shape of the thermal image of the spot that can be monitored by thermography. A full 3D simulation has been developed to simulate heat flow from a laser heated spot in the proximity of a crack. The modelling provided an understanding of the ways that different parameters affect the thermal images of laser heated spots. It also assisted in the development of an efficient image processing strategy for extracting the scanned cracks. Experimental results show that scanning pulsed laser spot thermography has considerable potential as a remote, non-contact crack imaging technique.
A novel LKH key tree structure based on heuristic search algorithm

In multicast communication based on LKH, when a group member is added or evicted from the communication group, the system needs to update the group key to ensure the security of communication. In order to further reduce the rekey overhead, LKH is modified into a new key tree structure, which is constructed by heuristic search algorithm based on the number of group members. Compared to the LKH key tree structure, the branching factor of the new one can take on different value at each level. The experimental results showed the scheme proposed could efficiently reduce the encryption overhead, transmission overhead and the storage of keys during the rekey process.
Nanowires-assembled CuO Interpenetrated-leaf Architecture by () Twinning

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization demonstrates that the petal-like complex three-dimensional (3D) CuO nanomaterial produced by self-assembly in low-temperature wet-chemical synthesis has a unique interpenetrated-leaf structure. The primary leaf consisting of semi-coherent CuO nanocrystallites was formed by bundling, coalescence, and hydrolysis of amorphous Cu (OH)2 nanowires. The petal-like CuO was constructed by growing the secondary leaf on the primary one with a twin relationship ()[010]p//()[]s between them and the twin axis is [101]. The co-axis ⟨010⟩ of leaves is the growth orientation. The 3D complex nanostructure is different from normal low-dimensional nanostructures, e.g. nanorods, nanorings, regarding the formation mechanism and inherent structure.
Diffusion energies of oxygen diffusing into polystyrene (PS)/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) composites

Diffusion coefficient of oxygen penetrating into polystyrene (PS) latex/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel composite films were measured using Fluorescence technique. Three different (5, 15, and 40 wt%) PS content films were prepared from PS/PNIPAM mixtures. Diffusivity of PS/PNIPAM composite films were studied by diffusion measurements which were performed over the temperature range of 24–70°C. Pyrene was used as the fluorescent probe. The diffusion coefficients (D) of oxygen were determined using the Stern–Volmer fluorescence quenching method combined with Fickian transport and were computed as a function of temperature for each PS content film. The results showed that D values were strongly dependent on both temperature and PS content in the film. Diffusion energies were measured and found to be dependent on the composition of the composite films. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal Loss of Hap1 Reduces Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Causes Adult Depressive-Like Behavior in Mice

Depression is a serious mental disorder that affects a person’s mood, thoughts, behavior, physical health, and life in general. Despite our continuous efforts to understand the disease, the etiology of depressive behavior remains perplexing. Recently, aberrant early life or postnatal neurogenesis has been linked to adult depressive behavior; however, genetic evidence for this is still lacking. Here we genetically depleted the expression of huntingtin-associated protein 1 (Hap1) in mice at various ages or in selective brain regions. Depletion of Hap1 in the early postnatal period, but not later life, led to a depressive-like phenotype when the mice reached adulthood. Deletion of Hap1 in adult mice rendered the mice more susceptible to stress-induced depressive-like behavior. Furthermore, early Hap1 depletion impaired postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and reduced the level of c-kit, a protein expressed in neuroproliferative zones of the rodent brain and that is stabilized by Hap1. Importantly, stereotaxically injected adeno-associated virus (AAV) that directs the expression of c-kit in the hippocampus promoted postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorated the depressive-like phenotype in conditional Hap1 KO mice, indicating a link between postnatal-born hippocampal neurons and adult depression. Our results demonstrate critical roles for Hap1 and c-kit in postnatal neurogenesis and adult depressive behavior, and also suggest that genetic variations affecting postnatal neurogenesis may lead to adult depression.