Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical method of network operator for multiobjective synthesis of optimal control system

The problem of multiobjective synthesis of optimal control is considered. It is necessary to find the control as a function of problem space coordinates. Initial values of the control object are in closed bounded domain. Functionals of control quality include multiple integrals over domain of initial values. To solve the problem of multiobjective synthesis the numerical method was developed. This method is based on genetic algorithm and special data structure, network operator. The numerical method allows automatic search of mathematical equations that describe dependence of control from the problem space coordinates. The solution of the synthesis problem for space vehicle descent with indeterminate initial conditions at entry in the dense layers of atmosphere is given.
Embodied intersubjective engagement in mother–infant tactile communication: a cross-cultural study of Japanese and Scottish mother–infant behaviors during infant pick-up

This study examines the early development of cultural differences in a simple, embodied, and intersubjective engagement between mothers putting down, picking up, and carrying their infants between Japan and Scotland. Eleven Japanese and ten Scottish mothers with their 6- and then 9-month-old infants participated. Video and motion analyses were employed to measure motor patterns of the mothers’ approach to their infants, as well as their infants’ collaborative responses during put-down, pick-up, and carry phases. Japanese and Scottish mothers approached their infants with different styles and their infants responded differently to the short duration of separation during the trial. A greeting-like behavior of the arms and hands was prevalent in the Scottish mothers’ approach, but not in the Japanese mothers’ approach. Japanese mothers typically kneeled before making the final reach to pick-up their children, giving a closer, apparently gentler final approach of the torso than Scottish mothers, who bent at the waist with larger movements of the torso. Measures of the gap closure between the mothers’ hands to their infants’ heads revealed variably longer duration and distance gap closures with greater velocity by the Scottish mothers than by the Japanese mothers. Further, the sequence of Japanese mothers’ body actions on approach, contact, pick-up, and hold was more coordinated at 6 months than at 9 months. Scottish mothers were generally more variable on approach. Measures of infant participation and expressivity indicate more active participation in the negotiation during the separation and pick-up phases by Scottish infants. Thus, this paper demonstrates a culturally different onset of development of joint attention in pick-up. These differences reflect cultures of everyday interaction.
A Micro-Genetic Algorithm for Ontology Class-Hierarchy Construction

Several methods for ontology development have been proposed. However, the development of domain ontologies is still carried out in an ad-hoc manner. This paper explores the use of a micro-genetic algorithm with a seeding scheme based on hierarchical clustering for ontology class hierarchy construction. The micro-genetic algorithm (μGA) is composed of an inner loop and an outer loop. The inner loop consists of: the evaluation of the fitness of each member of the population; the selection of parent chromosomes; the generation of a new population by using crossover and mutation operations; and the separation of the best-fit individual after convergence. The outer loop consists of creating a new random population, transferring the best individual from the inner loop, and restarting the inner loop. The fitness function is based on the correlation between the pair-wise similarities based on the semantic similarity measure of Wu-Palmer and those obtained using Internet and the normalized Google distance (NGD). The proposed approach was tested on the construction of a class hierarchy of machining processes. The re-sults indicate that accurate class hierarchies can be obtained and convergence can be achieved fast with little memory to store the population.
Contact theory and the concept of prejudice: Metaphysical and moral explorations and an epistemological question

Gordon Allport’s Contact Hypothesis has been greatly advanced over the decades into what is now called Contact Theory. The application of the theory toward the improvement of intergroup relations has had the effect of concealing the fact that Contact Theory is fundamentally a prejudice theory and not a theory of intergroup relations. This article focuses on the concept of prejudice by following the ways in which Allport worked with the concept prior to and after the publication of The Nature of Prejudice. The focus is not on the definitional correctives of prejudice that have been offered but on the metaphysical and moral perspectives that Allport adopts in his conception of prejudice. The exploration of these issues reveals a number of challenges and implications for Contact Theory that contact researchers have yet to contend with. The paper also poses an epistemological question to the theory asking: how was prejudice selected as the source of intergroup strife? Taken together the paper calls for a re-examination of the place and role of prejudice in Contact Theory and in turn a re-evaluation of the theory itself.
A comunidade metálica portuguesa no ciberespaço. Da comunidade física à comunidade online

In the world of computer-mediated communications (CMC) humanity suddenly found itself in a global constant contact with itself. In this advent of technology, there are human and social consequences, taking a more defined shape in the Internet era One of the social assumptions of humanity is in its natural tendency to create communities. Among the new communities built exclusively on the Internet and those that have always existed throughout history there will be similarities and differences. This thesis aims to analyze a community that was created outside the Internet and through that, gradually and naturally became involved in the world of CMC, but is now fully steeped in this new cyber reality. The so-called metal community, an urban tribe whose lowest common denominator is a taste for the style of alternative rock, heavy metal. We pretend to know how this community came to interact in cyberspace and wich paradigms have been altered, or not, at the root of the community and among its members.
Analyses of the Evolutionary Distribution of Salmonella Translocated Effectors

ABSTRACT The type III secretion system encoded by Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (SPI2) translocates Salmonella translocated effectors (STE) into host cells. STE are encoded by genes outside of SPI2. The distribution of STE loci within the salmonellae was investigated. In contrast to the SPI2 locus that is conserved within Salmonella enterica, STE loci show a variable distribution. In addition to other virulence determinants, the possession of various sets of STE loci may contribute to the different host ranges and pathogenic potentials of S. enterica serovars.
Bilinear Model-Based Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression Speaker Adaptation Framework

This letter proposes a novel framework for speaker adaptation, using bilinear model-based maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) method. First, a set of speaker models is decomposed into the style factor identified as each speaker's characteristics and the common content factor across the speakers, by the bilinear model. Then, using some adaptation data from a new speaker, the speaker-specific model is generated by properly adjusting the dimensionality of the content factor and estimating a new style factor simultaneously. Experimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms MLLR with fewer number of parameters to be estimated.
Systematic Techniques for Finding and Preventing Script Injection Vulnerabilities

Computer users trust web applications to protect their financial transactions and online identities from attacks by cyber criminals. However, web applications today are riddled with security flaws which can compromise the security of their web sessions. In this thesis, we address the problem of automatically finding and preventing script injection vulnerabilities, one of the most prominent classes of web application vulnerabilities at present. Specifically, this thesis makes three contributions towards addressing script injection vulnerabilities. First, we propose two techniques that together automatically uncover script injection vulnerabilities in client-side JavaScript components of web applications without raising false positives. Second, we empirically study the use of sanitization, which is the predominant defense technique to prevent these attacks today. We expose two new classes of errors in the practical use of sanitization in shipping web applications and demonstrate weaknesses of emerging defenses employed in widely used web application frameworks. Third, we propose a type-based approach to automatically perform correct sanitization for applications authored in emerging web application frameworks. Finally, we propose a conceptual framework for a sanitization-free defense against script injection vulnerabilities, which can form a robust second line of defense.
Calculating Consciousness Correlates at Multiple Scales of Neocortical Interactions

A lot of what we consider Consciousness (C) is conscious attention to short-term memories (STM). At least some STM are actively processed by highly synchronized patterns of neuronal firings, with enough synchrony to be able to be easily measured by scalp electroencephalographic recordings (EEG). Large-scale synchronous macrocolumnar EEG firings is a top-down process developed by a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI), depending on the associated magnetic vector potential A. Molecular-scale Ca2 waves are the affected bottom-up process that influence neuronal firings, depending on the wave momentum p. A directly influences p via the canonical momentum Π = p q A (SI units), where the charge of Ca2 is q = − 2 e, e is the magnitude of the charge of an electron. Calculations in both classical and quantum mechanics approaches are consistent with this effect, and each approach yields independent testable consequences. This approach also suggests some nanosystem-pharmaceutical applications. Results (with details given in Appendix A) give strong confirmation of the SMNI model of STM, but only weak statistical consistency of Π = p q A influences on scalp EEG.
Association between Functional Small Airway Disease and FEV1 Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

RATIONALE The small conducting airways are the major site of airflow obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and may precede emphysema development. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized a novel computed tomography (CT) biomarker of small airway disease predicts FEV1 decline. METHODS We analyzed 1,508 current and former smokers from COPDGene with linear regression to assess predictors of change in FEV1 (ml/yr) over 5 years. Separate models for subjects without and with airflow obstruction were generated using baseline clinical and physiologic predictors in addition to two novel CT metrics created by parametric response mapping (PRM), a technique pairing inspiratory and expiratory CT images to define emphysema (PRM(emph)) and functional small airways disease (PRM(fSAD)), a measure of nonemphysematous air trapping. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean (SD) rate of FEV1 decline in ml/yr for GOLD (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease) 0-4 was as follows: 41.8 (47.7), 53.8 (57.1), 45.6 (61.1), 31.6 (43.6), and 5.1 (35.8), respectively (trend test for grades 1-4; P < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression, for participants without airflow obstruction, PRM(fSAD) but not PRM(emph) was associated with FEV1 decline (P < 0.001). In GOLD 1-4 participants, both PRM(fSAD) and PRM(emph) were associated with FEV1 decline (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Based on the model, the proportional contribution of the two CT metrics to FEV1 decline, relative to each other, was 87% versus 13% and 68% versus 32% for PRM(fSAD) and PRM(emph) in GOLD 1/2 and 3/4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CT-assessed functional small airway disease and emphysema are associated with FEV1 decline, but the association with functional small airway disease has greatest importance in mild-to-moderate stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where the rate of FEV1 decline is the greatest. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials. gov (NCT 00608764).
[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography detection of asymptomatic late pulmonary toxicity in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy

Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used in the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Most adverse effects are due to infusion-related reactions, and severe respiratory complications are rare. We retrospectively reviewed clinical data and serial imaging studies of five patients with NHL treated with rituximab-containing chemotherapy who developed new pulmonary abnormalities on routine follow-up FDG-PET/CT imaging. None of the patients had pulmonary lymphoma or other pulmonary disease before therapy and all remained asymptomatic during follow-up. New pulmonary interstitial FDG-uptake was detected on follow-up FDG-PET/CT between 1 and 3 months post-treatment, preceded computed tomography abnormalities in one case, and persisted for several months. FDG uptake was linear, subpleural with maximum Standardized uptake value (SUV) from 2.0 to 5.84. Rituximab-containing chemotherapy for NHL may be associated with asymptomatic late pulmonary toxicity characterised by a distinct FDG uptake pattern. Awareness of this finding is important and should not be confused with lymphoma.
Equilibrium and sensitivity analysis of dynamic ridesharing

Sharing travels is an effective way to increase car occupancy rates and to reduce the number of cars for the same distances traveled. This is a problem involving operations research (how to best match travels in time and space, what level of similarity for the routes, .) and behavior challenges (on which conditions users choose to share travels, which type of users is willing to share the travel, what is the accepted detour and rescheduling, .). This research aims at filling the gap in the latter aspect by proposing an equilibrium modeling approach for (dynamic) ridesharing. By using a Nested logit model, greater insight into the impact of different policies, behavioral factors and matching criteria can be presented. We deal with a theoretically interesting basic model structure of a single-link case, in which we study the complex interaction of multiple factors, and the joint sensitivity to the most relevant parameters. This allows us to derive some basic recommendations from the equilibrium states reached.
A Contextualization Method of Browsing Events in Web-based Learning Content Management System for Personalized Learning

Recently a new E-learning application, called Learning Content Management System (LCMS) has been developed as part of a new learning paradigm that focuses on learning needs of individuals. This paper presents a model and a method for discovering and contextualizing browsing patterns from access log database in an LCMS system for personalized learning. The method is based on data mining and statistic techniques to help identify significant browsing events associated with specific contexts. A case study is conducted by applying the method on a log database collected from an on-line course practiced in a Web-based LCMS system, called IDEAL. The preliminary results show its potential in supporting personalized content recommendation.
The Influence of Organizational Characteristics and Psychological Empowerment on Secondary Traumatic Stress of Social Workers Working with Family Violence or Sexual Assault Survivors

Social workers providing direct services to family violence and sexual assault survivors can be at risk for developing secondary traumatic stress (STS) as they are indirectly exposed to clients’ traumatic experiences (Bober & Regehr, 2006). The symptoms of STS are similar to posttraumatic stress symptoms (Figley, 2002). This indirect traumatic stress has been referred with various names such as vicarious traumatization and compassion fatigue. In this research, I use the widely used term, secondary traumatic stress (Sabin-Farrell & Turpin, 2003).
Providing Access Control to Online Photo Albums Based on Tags and Linked Data

While photo sharing sites such as Flickr provide efficient tools for setting up an online album, users who want to maintain a certain level of privacy are usually only provided with rudimentary access control. Given that descriptive tags are extensively used on photos, and that the Semantic Web provides a common means of sharing social network information as linked data, we believe better access control mechanism can be provided by combining the two. Based on this idea, we propose and describe in this paper a system which allows users to create expressive access control policies for their photos on the Web by using both tags and linked data.
A Resident-Led Institutional Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Process

The authors used a multipronged approach to gain resident involvement in institutional quality improvement over a 3-year period; the initiative included a survey, a retreat, workgroups, a resurvey, and another retreat. Survey results (from 2007 compared with those of 2010) demonstrated significant improvement in almost all the top issues concerning patient safety for residents—emergency department boarding and crowding, adequacy of patient flow through the institution, adequacy of nursing and technical support staffing, and laboratory specimen handling (initial overall mean concern level was 2.87, and final concern level was 2.19; P < .01). This perceived improvement in patient safety concerns for residents was associated with observable improvements in areas of high concern for hospital leaders. By surveying residents and students, prioritizing concerns, convening a hospital-wide retreat with key leaders, and implementing accountable plans, the authors have demonstrated that resident perceptions of quality and safety can help drive quality improvement and engage residents in improvement efforts at an institutional level.
Sample Complexity of Dictionary Learning and Other Matrix Factorizations

Many modern tools in machine learning and signal processing, such as sparse dictionary learning, principal component analysis, non-negative matrix factorization, K-means clustering, and so on, rely on the factorization of a matrix obtained by concatenating high-dimensional vectors from a training collection. While the idealized task would be to optimize the expected quality of the factors over the underlying distribution of training vectors, it is achieved in practice by minimizing an empirical average over the considered collection. The focus of this paper is to provide sample complexity estimates to uniformly control how much the empirical average deviates from the expected cost function. Standard arguments imply that the performance of the empirical predictor also exhibit such guarantees. The level of genericity of the approach encompasses several possible constraints on the factors (tensor product structure, shift-invariance, sparsity.), thus providing a unified perspective on the sample complexity of several widely used matrix factorization schemes. The derived generalization bounds behave proportional to (log (n)/n)1/2 with respect to the number of samples n for the considered matrix factorization techniques.
Recovery from Cogwheel Rigidity and Akinesia and Improvement in Vibration Sense and Olfactory Perception following Removal of an Epoxy-Oleic Acid DNA Adduct

The epoxy fatty acid cis-12,13-epoxy-oleic acid, which acts as a DNA adduct, may be generated during long-term storage of many seed oils, including those used in cooking, with frying oils and fried foods being a major source in the modern human diet. Removal of this epoxy fatty acid from the locus of the N-formyl peptide receptors was associated with recovery from cogwheel rigidity and akinesia as well as with improvement in vibration sense and olfactory perception.
How Intelligence Happens

Human intelligence is among the most powerful forces on earth. It builds sprawling cities, vast cornfields and coffee plantations, complex microchips; it takes us from the atom to the limits of the universe. Understanding how brains build intelligence is among the most fascinating challenges of modern science. How does the biological brain, a collection of billions of cells, enable us to do things no other species can do? In this book John Duncan, a scientist who has spent thirty years studying the human brain, offers an adventure story - the story of the hunt for basic principles of human intelligence, behaviour, and thought. Using results drawn from classical studies of intelligence testing; from attempts to build computers that think; from studies of how minds change after brain damage; from modern discoveries of brain imaging; and from groundbreaking recent research, Duncan synthesizes often difficult-to-understand information into a book that will delight scientific and popular readers alike. He explains how brains break down problems into useful, solvable parts and then assemble these parts into the complex mental programmes of human thought and action. Moving from the foundations of psychology, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience to the most current scientific thinking, "How Intelligence Happens" is for all those curious to understand how their own mind works.
Improving Federation Executions with Migrating HLA/RTI Central Runtime Components

Simulation tools are popular in the design and study of communication systems and networks. The implementation of analytic distributed simulations commonly require a central entity to support certain tasks (e.g., time management). The HLA/RTI uses a central runtime component (CRC) to this end. Because of network variability, the location of the CRC with respect to the federates may severely influence the federation execution performance. The paper proposes the optimal migration of a federation CRC to achieve better execution times. To achieve this goal, it applies an iterative search mechanism and proposes suitable cost functions to determine the optimal host. The process involves probing the network at selected nodes for quality-of-service metrics and deciding the search steps. Finally, a simulation study supports the investigation by quantifying the time required to complete a typical Monte Carlo experiment. Operational metrics of the search process are reported.
Spirituality in Practice: Using Personal Reflection to Prepare Occupational Therapy Students

Introduction: The study examines whether directed study and reflection on spirituality can improve occupational therapy students' confidence in addressing clients' spiritual needs. Method: In this qualitative study, questionnaires were distributed to a convenience sample of 12 students. In a quasi-experimental design using a pre-test and post-test approach, participants answered questions before and after reading about spirituality and completing a personal reflection. Results: Nine participants (75%) believed that the reflection increased awareness of their spirituality. Of these, 78% felt more confident to address spiritual needs. Conclusion: This study suggests that directed study and personal reflection upon spirituality can enhance personal professional development, increasing students' confidence in this core domain.