Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topic Set Size Design and Power Analysis in Practice

Topic set size design methods provide principles and procedures for test collection builders to decide on the number of topics to create. These methods can then help us keep improving the test collection design based on accumulated data. Simple Excel tools are available for such purposes. Post-hoc power analysis tools, available as simple R scripts, can help IR researchers examine the achieved power of a reported experiment and determine future sample sizes for ensuring high power. Thus, for example, underpowered user experiments can be detected, and a larger sample size can be proposed. If used appropriately, these Excel and R tools should be able to provide the IR community with better experimentation practices. The main objective of this tutorial is to let IR researchers familiarise themselves with these tools and understand the basic ideas behind them.
Impact of imprecise programming of memristor on building hardware neural network

The application of memristor in building hardware neural network has accepted widespread interests, and may bring novel opportunities to neural computing. However, due to the limitation of programming precision, the conductance of memristor which represents stored information may deviate from theoretical value, and thus bring error to the neural computing results. In this paper, we analyze the impact of imprecise programming on building hardeware neural network through Monte Carlo simulation on feedback layer model. The results show that the fault-tolerance ability of neural network could well adapt to these errors, which further proves the potential of building neural networks using memristors.
Animal Models for the Study of Pulmonary Hypertension: Potential and Limitations

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multifactorial disease, commonly associated with heart failure. Different experimental models have emerged to help in the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with human PH, providing also a useful approach to test experimental therapies for PH treatment. Although there is no ideal animal model that mimics human PH, animal models have clearly provided valuable insights into the characterization of the cellular and molecular pathways underlying PH onset and progression, and have been successfully applied in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches. In here we summarize the features of the animal models described within the field of PH research, either the physical, chemical and genetic models, emphasizing its advantages and limitations.
Robust Visual Tracking Based on Feature Fusion ?

To drive computational visual tracking toward more robust outputs, we need a more accurate and adaptive feature representation of target. In this paper, we propose a tracking algorithm using new multifeature statistical observation model based on the particle filter framework. Four complementary features are described with histograms and fused in a novel way. We demonstrate how to establish observation model and feature-level fusion. The fusion strategy is based on the variability of the observation likelihood. It improves the reliability estimation of each feature, makes the weight distribution of particles more rational and enhances algorithm robustness. An additional contribution is a novel particle resampling method that is able to optimize particle performance. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more robust, especially in a cluttered environment with varying illumination conditions.
"Who Has Plots?"

Software is an integral element of the work of science yet it is not commonly an object of inquiry in studies of scientific infrastructures. This paper presents findings from an ethnographic study of a cosmology group's collaborative scientific software production. We demonstrate how these cosmologists use plots to simultaneously test their software and analyze data while interrogating multiple layers of infrastructural components. We broaden perspectives on scientific software development using a sociotechnical, software studies lens to examine this work of scientific discovery as a creative and embodied, yet exacting and methodical, activity that requires a 'human in the loop'. We offer a new reading of scientific software practices to convey how creating scientific software is often really the act of doing science itself--an intervention we believe is necessary to more successfully support scientific software sharing and infrastructure production.
Theory generation and practice improvement: a mental health service perspective

Abstract This article presents findings from four problem-based research sites that comprise a larger action research project within primary care mental health services. The projects explored in this article are ongoing and involve working with small networks within specific areas: a GP practice counseling service, a Community Mental Health Team, a GP attached social worker scheme and a rural health cross-disciplinary team. By taking a constructivist approach, and through use of grounded theory techniques, the findings share some common features with Action Research and demonstrate two key aims of problem-based methodology, mainly practice improvement and theory generation (Robinson, 1993). First, they illustrate that a particular understanding of mental health service users can be reached from exploring the way in which they are excluded. Four excluded identities are presented (absent, mediated, difficult and elusive). Secondly, within the understanding that the success of problem-based research can be determined by the effectiveness of actions taken in the local setting (Edwards & Talbot, 1994), the article explores how reflection of user perspectives can move the research forward. Actions taken to improve the service include incremental changes and new initiatives, as well as the development of new avenues of research, thus adding to other action research within healthcare services (Hart & Bond, 1997).
An alternative to the Hamming code in the class of SEC-DED codes in semiconductor memory

The Pi code constructed by V.I. Panchenko (1987) is studied. The Pi code as an alternative to the Hamming code in the class of single-error-correcting and double-error-detecting codes (SEC-DED codes) is also considered. The Pi code has a smaller number of words of weight 4 and provides a larger probability of triple-independent-error detection than the shortened Hamming code with the same parameters. Shortening algorithms for the Pi code are proposed, and parity check matrices of the (39,32), (72,64), (137,128) shortened Pi codes are constructed. The obtained codes can detect byte errors of length 4. The parity check matrices of the Pi code have more 1's in rows than corresponding matrices of the Hamming code. The Pi code is a reasonable alternative to the Hamming code in the class of SEC-DED codes. >
Uninterpretable features in comprehension: Subject-verb agreement in isiXhosa

The generally held belief in language acquisition is that comprehension precedes production. As such, it is generally expected that a child will first learn the rules associated with a certain construction before producing it. Whereas this is the logical way of thinking about language acquisition, certain areas of language do not conform to this symmetry. The asymmetry observed between production and comprehension in child language acquisition continues to fuel studies from various language groups. In line with these studies, this study tested the comprehension of subject-verb agreement and absolute pronouns by 37 isiXhosa-speaking children aged 4;0 to 6;0. The results of the study reveal an asymmetry between production and comprehension of the subject agreement marker (SM) and absolute pronouns as well as significant differences in accuracy between the comprehension of the SM and that of absolute pronouns. We adopt Reuland's (2001) model of levels of derivation as well as the economy principle (Chomsky, 1995) to explain the asymmetry observed.
Notalgia paresthetica: the unreachable itch

Background: Notalgia paresthetica (NP) is a very common, under-recognized condition characterized by pruritus in a unilateral, dermatomal distribution in the mid-back. Chronic pruritus is sometimes accompanied by pain, paresthesias, or altered sensation to touch. Objectives: To review the current literature with regards to the cause of NP and its most appropriate treatment. Methods: Comprehensive literature review using PubMed to inspect the available data on NP. Results: The most likely cause of NP is cutaneous nerve damage. Many therapies have been tried in the treatment of NP, mostly in small case studies. Conclusions: The published cases and studies suggest symptoms of NP are due to a cutaneous sensory neuropathy. Treatments addressing the condition as such are more successful than traditional itch therapies. In many cases, a simple explanation for the persistent pruritus is satisfactory for patients. For very distressing cases, therapy should address the condition as a benign sensory neuropathy. Further studies are needed to evaluate which treatments have the greatest potential for providing symptom relief.
Attention-Based Target Tracking for an Augmented Reality Application

When visiting an aquarium, people may be disturbed or, at least, disappointed by the amount and diversity of available information. Moreover, one can find it very difficult to match the information of notices on the wall to the reality of the fishes. Therefore, we propose a virtual guide, an autonomous teaching assistant embodied in the real world using augmented reality techniques, for helping people in their visit of aquariums. This virtual guide will interact with the real world using multiple modalities (e.g. speech, facial expression, .). Thus, it should be aware of the aquarium’s state and content, and use perceived information and prior knowledge to inform the visitor in a structured fashion. Due to the high mobility and unpredictable behaviour of the fishes, our guide requires an adequate perception system. This camera-based system has to keep track of the fishes and their behavior. It is based on the focalisation of visual attention that allows to select interesting information in the field of view. This is achieved by extracting a number of focuses of attention (FOA) using a saliency map and a multi-level memory system, which is filled (or updated) with the extracted information. It allows our system to detect and track targets in the aquarium. This article describes how we use the saliency map and memory system, along with their interactions, to set up the first part of our perception system.
Individual classification of ADHD patients by integrating multiscale neuroimaging markers and advanced pattern recognition techniques

Accurate classification or prediction of the brain state across individual subject, i.e., healthy, or with brain disorders, is generally a more difficult task than merely finding group differences. The former must be approached with highly informative and sensitive biomarkers as well as effective pattern classification/feature selection approaches. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology to discriminate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients from healthy controls on the individual level. Multiple neuroimaging markers that are proved to be sensitive features are identified, which include multiscale characteristics extracted from blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals, such as regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Functional connectivity derived from Pearson, partial, and spatial correlation is also utilized to reflect the abnormal patterns of functional integration, or, dysconnectivity syndromes in the brain. These neuroimaging markers are calculated on either voxel or regional level. Advanced feature selection approach is then designed, including a brain-wise association study (BWAS). Using identified features and proper feature integration, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier can achieve a cross-validated classification accuracy of 76.15% across individuals from a large dataset consisting of 141 healthy controls and 98 ADHD patients, with the sensitivity being 63.27% and the specificity being 85.11%. Our results show that the most discriminative features for classification are primarily associated with the frontal and cerebellar regions. The proposed methodology is expected to improve clinical diagnosis and evaluation of treatment for ADHD patient, and to have wider applications in diagnosis of general neuropsychiatric disorders.
Going Beyond the Sandbox: An Overview of the New Security Architecture in the Java Development Kit 1.2

This paper describes the new security architecture that has been implemented aspart of JDK1.2, the forthcoming JavaTM Development Kit. In going beyond the sandbox security model in the original release of Java, JDK1.2 provides fine-grained access control via an easily configurable security policy. Moreover, JDK1.2 introduces the concept of protection domain and a few related security primitives that help to make the underlying protection mechanism more robust.
The Furor Over Maternal Homicide

The furor over maternal homicide, fueled by the media frenzy, prompted passage of the Unborn Victims of Violence Act in April 2004. Leading up to the passage of the Act, maternal homicide received extensive media attention because of sensationalized cases like the murder of Laci Peterson and her unborn baby Conner. This article questions whether the media sensationalism surrounding maternal homicide has deflected attention from the fundamental issue by exploring the extant research on the relationship between intimate partner violence and pregnancy and intimate partner homicide and pregnancy. The article concludes that the primary issue underlying pregnancy and homicide is intimate partner violence. Because of a focus on maternal homicide that may not be warranted, the article advocates for a stronger relationship between researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. The article also outlines suggestions for future research that could further disentangle the relationship between pregnancy and homicide.
Women's Career Experiences in Applied Sport Psychology

The purpose of this study was to explore the career experiences and perceptions of women practitioners working in applied sport and exercise psychology. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight professional women regarding their experiences working within the applied domain. Each of the following five emergent themes are discussed: (a) entrance into applied sport psychology, (b) women's status in applied sport psychology, (c) gender discrimination, (d) gaining access, and (e) family and balance. More specifically, this article highlights the participants’ initial interest in applied sport and exercise psychology and the manner in which they gained access to their varied applied opportunities. Particular attention is directed toward their extensive travel and the resultant challenges with balancing work and domestic responsibilities. All of the participants detailed the various forms of gender discrimination encountered throughout their careers and their unique experiences working with both male and female athletes. Lastly, the status of women within the applied domain is addressed by each of the participants.
Combined effect of polymorphisms in type III 5-α reductase and androgen receptor gene with the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Korea

We evaluated whether type III 5-alpha reductase (SRD5A3; steroid reductase 5-alpha 3) polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and the combined effects in BPH risk between the type of short tandem repeat (STR) in SRD5A3 and the length of trinucleotide (CAG) repeats in androgen receptor (AR) gene. We compared the length of AC repeats in STR region of SRD5A3 gene and a CAG repeat in AR in 188 BPH patients who underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and 98 controls by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. We defined short type was less than 21 copies of AC repeats. The odds ratio for BPH between the men with at least one of short type and with both large types of STR in SRD5A3 gene was 3.10 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.87–5.16; P=0.000). And BPH was 2.35 times more likely to occur in with less than 23 copies of CAG repeats than men equal or greater than 23 copies in AR gene (95% CI, 1.18–2.36; P=0.016). The men with the large type of STR and ≥23 copies of CAG repeats have 5.3 times BPH risk compared to the reference group with the at least one of the short type of STR and <23 copies (P<0.000). In conclusion, these results suggest that shorter AC repeats of SRD5A3 gene and shorter CAG repeats of AR gene were associated with an increased risk for BPH. However, the interaction between above two factors was not affected in risk of BPH.
Genetic complementation in the Xenopus oocyte: co‐expression of sea urchin histone and U7 RNAs restores 3′ processing of H3 pre‐mRNA in the oocyte.

Efficient 3′ processing of sea urchin histone H3 pre‐mRNA in the Xenopus oocyte is dependent on co‐injection of sea urchin U7 RNA or U7 RNP. We show that U7 RNP is a genuine member of the (Sm‐type) U‐snRNP family as judged by immunoprecipitation of the U7 RNA and U7 RNPs with polyclonal anti‐trimethylguanosine and monoclonal anti‐Sm antibodies. Sea urchin U7 RNA can be produced in the frog oocyte from RNA genes driven by a Xenopus U2 promoter. The transcripts thus synthesized have all the known characteristics of authentic U7 RNA. Our experiments further suggest that sequences near the 5′ end of the U7 RNA mediate Sm‐immunoprecipitability. Co‐expression of sea urchin U7 RNA gene and H3 histone gene sequences in the frog oocyte complements faulty 3′ maturation of histone pre‐mRNA. This provides irrefutable evidence that the sea urchin U7 RNA identified earlier is indeed an essential component of the 3′ processing of histone mRNAs.
Two-layer classification and distinguished representations of users and documents for grouping and authorship identification

Most studies on authorship identification reported a drop in the identification result when the number of authors exceeds 20–25. In this paper, we introduce a new user representation to address this problem and split classification across two layers. There are at least 3 novelties in this paper. First, the two-layer approach allows applying authorship identification over larger number of authors (tested over 100 authors), and it is extendable. The authors are divided into groups that contain smaller number of authors. Given an anonymous document, the primary layer detects the group to which the document belongs. Then, the secondary layer determines the particular author inside the selected group. In order to extract the groups linking similar authors, clustering is applied over users rather than documents. Hence, the second novelty of this paper is introducing a new user representation that is different from document representation. Without the proposed user representation, the clustering over documents will result in documents of author(s) distributed over several clusters, instead of a single cluster membership for each author. Third, the extracted clusters are descriptive and meaningful of their users as the dimensions have psychological backgrounds. For authorship identification, the documents are labelled with the extracted groups and fed into machine learning to build classification models that predicts the group and author of a given document. The results show that the documents are highly correlated with the extracted corresponding groups, and the proposed model can be accurately trained to determine the group and the author identity.
Breaking NLP: Using Morphosyntax, Semantics, Pragmatics and World Knowledge to Fool Sentiment Analysis Systems

This paper describes our “breaker” submission to the 2017 EMNLP “Build It Break It” shared task on sentiment analysis. In order to cause the “builder” systems to make incorrect predictions, we edited items in the blind test data according to linguistically interpretable strategies that allow us to assess the ease with which the builder systems learn various components of linguistic structure. On the whole, our submitted pairs break all systems at a high rate (72.6%), indicating that sentiment analysis as an NLP task may still have a lot of ground to cover. Of the breaker strategies that we consider, we find our semantic and pragmatic manipulations to pose the most substantial difficulties for the builder systems.
Developmental toxicity of cocaine exposure in mid-pregnancy mice.

AIM To investigate the toxic effects of mid-pregnancy cocaine exposure on embryo-fetus. METHODS A transplacental murine model of cocaine exposure on embryo-fetus mice was established, in which pregnant dams of comparable weight were assigned into three groups: cocaine with food ad lib (COC), saline and pair-fed with COC (SPF), and saline with food ad lib (SAL). From embryonic d 8 (E8) to E17, physiological variables of dams and offspring were recorded and concentrations of dopamine and serotonin in fetal striatum were examined. RESULTS Compared with SAL dams, COC and SPF dams showed lower weight gain. But only COC fetuses demonstrated low brain weight and low striatum weight on E17, as well as small biparietal diameter (BPD) on postnatal d1 (P1). Surprisingly, low brain/body weight ratio was seen in COC offspring, which might reflect disproportionate growth delay in these fetuses. Neurotransmitter and histological analysis revealed high level of dopamine and serotonin in COC fetal striatum, as well as morphological alterations of liver. CONCLUSION Mid-pregnancy cocaine exposure induces fetal growth delay in utero, especially disproportionate brain developmental retardation. Maternal undernutrition does not play a key role in fetal developmental retardation when exposed to cocaine in utero.
Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of the genus Citrus and its close relatives

Abstract The genus Citrus and its close relatives are economically and nutritionally important fruit trees. However, the huge controversy over the phylogeny of key wild species, as well as the genetic relationship between the cultivated species and their putative wild progenitors, remains unresolved. Comparative analyses of chloroplast (cp) genomes have been useful in resolving various phylogenetic issues. Thus far, the cp genomes of only two Citrus species have been sequenced. In this study, we sequenced six complete cp genomes, four belonging to the genus Citrus, and two belonging to the genera Fortunella and Poncirus, respectively. These newly sequenced genomes together with the two publicly available were used for comparative analyses of the genus Citrus and its close relatives. All eight cp genomes share similar basic structure, gene order and gene content. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of the three genera in the order Sapindales within the major clade Malvidae.