Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Systematic Review of Literatures on Factors Associated with Educational and Academic Performance in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been shown to impair major life activities including educational functioning. However, there is no consensus on the specific cause for the impact on this worse educational outcome. This systematic review aims to identify factors that have been associated with educational and academic underperformance of children and adolescents with ADHD. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The study focused on articles presenting results of data-based analyses related to ADHD and keywords related to education. The search resulted in 376 records that were screened by title. Of these, 185 articles were screened by abstract and 35 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. These 35 articles were related to seven domains: educational training, educational environment, pharmacological treatment, ADHD symptoms, associations of ADHD with academic outcomes, self-concept, and specific skills. The main source of educational challenges seems to be related to the inattentive symptoms (or subtype) of ADHD. This outcome is different than expected, since hyperactive symptoms are pronounced more prominently and often refer children to clinical practice. Inattentive symptoms amongst others refer to difficulties in organization skills and can lead to decreased self-efficacy and development of depressive symptoms. This decreased self-efficacy and the depressive symptoms were also found to be related to influence the relation between ADHD and academic performance. Educational outcomes were shown to be improved using small group work, learning via a computer-based service and as a result of coaching and pharmacological treatment. To help children and adults achieve educational goals that now are out of reach, more attention should be spent to the inattentive symptoms of ADHD and possibilities to overcome experienced problems.
Multifactor dimensionality reduction software for detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions

MOTIVATION Polymorphisms in human genes are being described in remarkable numbers. Determining which polymorphisms and which environmental factors are associated with common, complex diseases has become a daunting task. This is partly because the effect of any single genetic variation will likely be dependent on other genetic variations (gene-gene interaction or epistasis) and environmental factors (gene-environment interaction). Detecting and characterizing interactions among multiple factors is both a statistical and a computational challenge. To address this problem, we have developed a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method for collapsing high-dimensional genetic data into a single dimension thus permitting interactions to be detected in relatively small sample sizes. In this paper, we describe the MDR approach and an MDR software package. RESULTS We developed a program that integrates MDR with a cross-validation strategy for estimating the classification and prediction error of multifactor models. The software can be used to analyze interactions among 2-15 genetic and/or environmental factors. The dataset may contain up to 500 total variables and a maximum of 4000 study subjects. AVAILABILITY Information on obtaining the executable code, example data, example analysis, and documentation is available upon request. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION All supplementary information can be found at http://phg.mc. vanderbilt.edu/Software/MDR.
Book Review: Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics

This study is framed against the context of earlier attempts to classify media systems, especially the influential but outdated Four Theories of the Press of Siebert et al. (1956). The authors accept the basic premise of this work that ‘the press always takes on the form and coloration of the social and political structures within which it operates’. However, they part company with the attempt to state underlying ideologies or philosophies of press systems. More particularly, they stress the need for empirical enquiry and genuine comparative analysis, lacking in the early classic. But they also recognize the appeal of being able to classify media systems in terms of a smaller number of models and they proceed in that direction, albeit ‘with great caution’, offering us three particular models. These are derived from the study of media systems in the US, Canada and most Western European countries, with special attention to their historical origins and development. It represents an ambitious programme of work and the results are of considerable interest. The framework of analysis involves distinguishing the most important dimensions that might characterize (and influence) national media systems. The four key dimensions are: (1) the degree and shape of development of media markets, with particular emphasis on the newspaper press and the mass circulation press; (2) a variable of ‘political parallelism’ or the degree and nature of links between political parties and the media and more generally the extent to which media reflect political divisions; (3) the degree (and direction) of development of journalistic professionalism; and (4) the degree and nature of state intervention in the political system. On the first dimension, the countries studied show a clear and familiar differentiation, especially in terms of newspaper reading, one that is related to stages of economic development and also (in Europe) differences between North and South. However, the analysis of the book paints a more complex picture, in which religion, political freedom and culture play key roles. Professionalism is conceptualized in terms of relative autonomy, distinctive norms, devotion to the public good and degree of ‘instrumentalization’, meaning the extent to which journalism is penetrated by external actors and interests, political, economic or religious. The examination of the role of the state is made easier but also more complex by the variable presence in the countries studied of strong and independent public broadcasting systems, but it also includes attention to any laws or regulations affecting media freedom (positively as well as negatively). This looks like a useful set of tools for analysis and a separate chapter on the political context of media systems offers some additional concepts and ideas. We are reminded of the relative strength or weakness of market forces. Political systems can E U R O P E A N J O U R N A L O F C O M M U N I C A T I O N 2 0 ( 2 )
Development of microbial and chemical MST tools to identify the origin of the faecal pollution in bathing and shellfish harvesting waters in France

The microbiological quality of coastal or river waters can be affected by faecal pollution from human or animal sources. An efficient MST (Microbial Source Tracking) toolbox consisting of several hostspecific markers would therefore be valuable for identifying the origin of the faecal pollution in the environment and thus for effective resource management and remediation. In this multidisciplinary study, after having tested some MST markers on faecal samples, we compared a selection of 17 parameters corresponding to chemical (steroid ratios, caffeine, and synthetic compounds), bacterial (host-specific Bacteroidales, Lactobacillus amylovorus and Bifidobacterium adolescentis) and viral (genotypes I–IV of F-specific bacteriophages, FRNAPH) markers on environmental water samples (n = 33; wastewater, runoff and river waters) with variable Escherichia coli concentrations. Eleven microbial and chemical parameters were finally chosen for our MST toolbox, based on their specificity for particular pollution sources represented by our samples and their detection in river waters impacted by human or animal pollution; these were: the human-specific chemical compounds caffeine, TCEP (tri(2-chloroethyl)phosphate) and benzophenone; the ratios of sitostanol/coprostanol and coprostanol/(coprostanol+24-ethylcopstanol); real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) humanspecific (HF183 and B. adolescentis), pig-specific (Pig-2-Bac and L. amylovorus) and ruminantspecific (Rum-2-Bac) markers; and human FRNAPH genogroup II.
Achievements and Challenges in State-of-the-Art Software Traceability Between Test and Code Artifacts

Testing is a key activity of software development and maintenance that determines the level of reliability. Traceability is the ability to describe and follow the life of software artifacts, and has been promoted as a means for supporting various activities, most importantly testing. Traceability information facilitates the testing and debugging of complex software by modeling the dependencies between code and tests. Actively supplementing traceability to testing enables rectifying defects more reliably and efficiently. Despite its importance, the development of test-to-code traceability has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature, and even worse there is currently no organized review of traceability studies in this field. In this work, we have investigated the main conferences, workshops, and journals of the requirements engineering, testing, and reliability, and identified those contributions that refer to traceability topics. From that starting point, we characterized and analyzed the chosen contributions against three research questions by utilizing a comparative framework including nine criteria. As a result, our study arrives to some interesting points, and outlines a number of potential research directions. This, in turn, can pave the way for facilitating and empowering traceability research in this domain to assist software engineers and testers in test management.
DATA MINING OF UNCERTAINTY DATA IN THE BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS FOR QC

This study is mining the error factors in the uncertainty measurement data. The purpose is to be advanced the accuracy control for QC (Quality control) of BCA (Blood Chemical Analysis). BCA is often taken as uncertainty data [1]. On the QC of calibration curve, it is important to securing an intermediate accuracy in the measuring system of ISO-GUM (International Organization for Standardization-Guide to the express of Uncertainty Measurement) [2]. In the technology of ISO-GUM, the analysis method of traceability, transferability and compatibility are applied. Already we have reported the uncertainty problems as series of three times in the IMEKO world congress. 1〕1997.in Finland. The reference value was chosen by transferability of ISO-GUM [3]. 2) 1999.in Japan. The error factor was taken in time series data by traceability of ISO-GUM [4]. 3) 2000.in Austria. The Michaels-Menten test should be practiced by using the compatibility of ISO-GUM [5]. These reports were studied by using only one of test reagent of Elastase-1 [6], which is a kind of human pancreas hormone. The study has been continuing by using other 4 kinds similar sample. Then the purpose of this study is an experiment to get more high reliability. In this thesis, a new result on uncertainty problem is reported.
An evaluation of keyword, string similarity and very shallow syntactic matching for a university admissions processing infobot

“Infobots” are small-scale natural language question answering systems drawing inspiration from ELIZA-type systems. Their key distinguishing feature is the extraction of meaning from users’ queries without the use of syntactic or semantic representations. Three approaches to identifying the users’ intended meanings were investigated: keyword based systems, Jaro-based string similarity algorithms and matching based on very shallow syntactic analysis. These were measured against a corpus of queries contributed by users of aWWW-hosted infobot for responding to questions about applications to MSc courses. The most effective system was Jaro with stemmed input (78.57%). It also was able to process ungrammatical input and offer scalability.
Nanotechnology and Antimicrobials in Veterinary Medicine

M. Zampoli Troncarelli, H. Mello Brandao, J. Carine Gern, A. Sa Guimaraes, H. Langoni Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP (University of Sao Paulo State), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science), Departamento de Higiene Veterinaria e Saude Publica (Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health), Distrito de Rubiao Jr., s/n, 18618-970, P.O. box 150, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. *matroncarelli@yahoo.com. br Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (EMBRAPA) Gado de Leite (Embrapa Dairy Cattle), Laboratorio de Nanotecnologia Aplicada a Saude e Producao Animal (Laboratory of Nanotechnology Applied to Animal Health and Production), Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
WHITE-BOX CRYPTOGRAPHY : HIDING KEYS IN SOFTWARE

The initial goal of cryptography has been to design algorithms and protocols to protect a communication channel against eavesdropping. This has been the main activity of modern cryptography in the past 30 years, and resulted in lots of decent ciphers (such as the AES, (T)DES, RSA, ECC) and protocols. In their design considerations, the end points are assumed trusted (black-box) – the attacker only has access to the input/output of the algorithm. For such a model to comply, the algorithm needs to be executed in a secure environment. Active research in this domain includes improved and special purpose ciphers (e.g., lightweight block ciphers, authentication schemes, homomorphic public key algorithms), and the cryptanalysis thereof. From an industrial perspective, the main problem is however the practical deployment. Protocols deployed in the wrong context, badly implemented algorithms, or inappropriate parameters may introduce an entry point for attackers. The deployment of crypto in practice has become a challenge on its own.
Battered Women: Keeping the Secret

This report of a qualitative study of eight battered women in a rural Appalachian shelter disclosed that the women's social isolation was a product of their batterers' actions, the women's sense of shame, and the stigma associated with their abuse. It proposes a social dynamics model for planning intervention that considers the nature of privacy and secrecy in couple relationships, the myth of the happy family, and the power of labels of deviance.
Transformative Learning and the Dynamics of Power: 'Poised on a Precipice of Risk'.

In this paper it is argued that work on transformative learning has been predicated on assumptions about agency on the part of both teacher and student and suggests an idealised learning environment. While recognising the significance of transformational learning the paper explores what it describes as the shadow side of transformational work, utilising feedback from students in a postgraduate course. The paper begins with a brief overview of transformational education. The changing context of transfonnational learning is then outlined. The paper considers issues of power, resistance and pain in transformational experiences, before suggesting one possible response to these issues.
Molecular and Cellular Pathobiology Loss of Transcription Factor KLF 5 in the Context of p 53 Ablation Drives Invasive Progression of Human Squamous Cell Cancer

Squamous cell cancers account for more than half of all human cancers, and esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have identifiable p53 mutations, yet the same p53 mutations are found at comparable frequencies in precancerous dysplasia, indicating that transformation requires additional somatic changes yet to be defined. Here, we show that the zinc finger transcription factor Kr€ uppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) transactivates NOTCH1 in the context of p53 mutation or loss. KLF5 loss limited NOTCH1 activity and was sufficient on its own to transform primary human keratinocytes harboring mutant p53, leading to the formation of invasive tumors. Restoration of NOTCH1 blocked transformation of KLF5-deficient and p53-mutant keratinocytes. Although human dysplastic epithelia accumulated KLF5, KLF5 expression was lost concurrently with NOTCH1 in squamous cell cancers. Taken together, these results define KLF5 loss as a critical event in squamous cell transformation and invasion. Our findings suggest that KLF5 may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in esophageal squamous carcinomas and possibly more generally in other cancers associated with p53 loss of function. Cancer Res; 71(20); 6475–84. 2011 AACR.
Runtime metric meets developer - Building better cloud applications using feedback

A unifying theme of many ongoing trends in software engineering is a blurring of the boundaries between building and operating software products. In this paper, we explore what we consider to be the logical next step in this succession: integrating runtime monitoring data from production deployments of the software into the tools developers utilize in their daily workﬂows (i.e., IDEs) to enable tighter feedback loops. We refer to this notion as feedback-driven development (FDD). This more abstract FDD concept can be instantiated in various ways, ranging from IDE plugins that implement feedback-driven refactoring and code optimization to plugins that predict performance and cost implications of code changes prior to even deploying the new version of the software. We demonstrate existing proof-of-concept realizations of these ideas and illustrate our vision of the future of FDD and cloud-based software development in general. Further, we discuss the major challenges that need to be solved before FDD can achieve mainstream adoption.
Exploiting Inter-Warp Heterogeneity to Improve GPGPU Performance

In a GPU, all threads within a warp execute the same instruction in lockstep. For a memory instruction, this can lead to memory divergence: the memory requests for some threads are serviced early, while the remaining requests incur long latencies. This divergence stalls the warp, as it cannot execute the next instruction until all requests from the current instruction complete. In this work, we make three new observations. First, GPGPU warps exhibit heterogeneous memory divergence behavior at the shared cache: some warps have most of their requests hit in the cache (high cache utility), while other warps see most of their request miss (low cache utility). Second, a warp retains the same divergence behavior for long periods of execution. Third, due to high memory level parallelism, requests going to the shared cache can incur queuing delays as large as hundreds of cycles, exacerbating the effects of memory divergence. We propose a set of techniques, collectively called Memory Divergence Correction (MeDiC), that reduce the negative performance impact of memory divergence and cache queuing. MeDiC uses warp divergence characterization to guide three components: (1) a cache bypassing mechanism that exploits the latency tolerance of low cache utility warps to both alleviate queuing delay and increase the hit rate for high cache utility warps, (2) a cache insertion policy that prevents data from highcache utility warps from being prematurely evicted, and (3) a memory controller that prioritizes the few requests received from high cache utility warps to minimize stall time. We compare MeDiC to four cache management techniques, and find that it delivers an average speedup of 21.8%, and 20.1% higher energy efficiency, over a state-of-the-art GPU cache management mechanism across 15 different GPGPU applications.
General transcription factors and subunits of RNA polymerase III

In the course of evolution of multi-cellular eukaryotes, paralogs of general transcription factors and RNA polymerase subunits emerged. Paralogs of transcription factors and of the RPC32 subunit of RNA polymerase III play important roles in cell type- and promoter-specific transcription. Here we discuss their respective functions.
A dynamic hierarchization method for traffic variation in wireless mesh networks

Nowadays, broadband services using smart phones and tablet terminals become popular and their users increase. Accordingly, the traffic volume through networks becomes tremendously large and heavily unbalanced. In large networks, a network is usually divided into small subnetworks for its efficient management. However, traffic elevation often occurs to specific divided subnetworks, the throughput suddenly decreases and in the worst case communication is not assured. In order to cope with the congestion problem, this paper proposes a dynamic hierarchization method for traffic variation in wireless mesh networks. In the proposed method, the subnetworks are divided and integrated adaptively to rapid traffic variation in wireless mesh networks. Simulation experimental results show that timely division of the proposed method reduces packets loss due to buffer overflow and a high throughput is maintained.
Citizenship: Care of the Self, Character and Personality

Recent attempts to reinvigorate citizenship have been rooted in a romantic impulse. The current nostalgia over citizenship strives to recuperate the participatory involvement of the small community with face-to-face interaction. This article advances a conception of citizenship that attends more closely to the agonistic ways that citizens have been historically constructed in order to challenge the romanticism of civic republicanism. We draw on those aspects of the Foucauldian governmentality literature concerned with the care of the self. Citizenship is a technology of government that constitutes membership in a political community that requires both self-mastery and attention to relations with others. Importance is attached to truth-telling since this is what makes one a subject of government. We argue that an historical shift occurred between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from a subjectivity rooted in ‘character’ to one based on ‘personality’ that corresponded to changes in the prevailing form of citizenship and the practices of the self. The preoccupation with ‘building character’ involved a caring for the self that was based on striving for conformity with a set of public virtues. The emphasis on personality involved a care of the self organized around the quest for a unique self. This phase in the care of the self marks a shift in the ethical requirements of effective citizenship and as a result, represents a new form of truth-telling. We argue that these two forms of caring for the self mark a decisive mutation in the characteristics that were considered desirable for citizens to exhibit.
New paradigms for change? Theories of organization and the organization of theories

Like most fields, the field of organizational change management has altered over time. In recent years the field has taken a “cultural turn”. Accordingly its methodological focus has altered somewhat. Sets out to analyse the claim that this methodological adjustment is reflective of the emergence of a new paradigm of management and of the management of organizational change. Appraises the need for new and emergent paradigms for the analysis of organizational change. Argues that these so‐called new paradigms lack not only novelty but applicability. Presents a case for using not old, but little‐discussed paradigms. Argues, however, that theorizing should be viewed both as a cognitive process and as a social process, and from this standpoint suggests that theoretical change and development are likely to be more ponderous and problematic than is acknowledged, since such a change would require theorists themselves to commit to a new research agenda which could only be facilitated by their acceptance of change at a personal level.