Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Study of Psycho-Social Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents Among Young Boys in Tehran

Background: Unprecedented growth of fatalities due to traffic accidents in the recent years has raised great concerns and efforts of authorities in order to identify and control the causes of these accidents. Objectives: In the present study, the contribution of psychological, social, demographic, environmental and behavioral factors on traffic accidents was studied for young boys in Tehran, emphasizing the importance of psychosocial factors. Patients and Methods: The design of the present study was quantitative (correlational) in which a sample population including 253 boys from Tehran (Iran) with an age range of 18 to 24 who had been referred to insurance institutions, hospitals, correctional facilities as well as prisons, were selected using stratified cluster sampling during the year 2013.The subjects completed the following questionnaires: demographic, general health, lifestyle, Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire (MDBQ), young parenting, and NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). For data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and inferential statistics including simultaneous regression, stepwise regression, and structural equations modeling were used. Results: The findings indicated that in the psychosocial model of driving behavior (including lapses, mistakes, and intentional violations) and accidents, psychological factors, depression (P < 0.02), personality trait of conscientiousness (P < 0.02), failure schema due to the parenting style of mother (P = 0.001), and perception of police commands (P < 0.002), played an important role in predicting driving behavior. Among social factors, perception of police regulations (P = 0.003), had an important effect on violations and mistakes. Among environmental and behavioral factors, major factors such as driving age (P = 0.001), drug and alcohol use (P = 0.001), having driver’s license (P = 0.013), records of imprisonment or committing a crime (P = 0.012) were also able to predict occurrence of accidents. Conclusions: As the results of this study show, different factors contribute to different driving behaviors and accidents. The broad scope of these factors links accidents to other social issues and damages.
Recognition of Dynamic Hand Gestures with Time-of-Flight Cameras

In this paper an algorithm to recognize single stroke gestures using a Time-of-Flight camera is presented. To achieve this goal, freehand gesture input is provided by articulating a single stroke in three-dimensional space using a stretched nger. The position of the ngertip is tracked and gesture input can be deactivated by forming a st. In this way, the start and end of a gesture is recognized automatically. The gesture is then recognized with the $1 gesture recognizer which is adapted to depth data. The algorithm is applied to recognizing ten gestures composed of the numbers zero to nine and evaluation results reveal a ngertip tracking accuracy of over 88% and an average gesture recognition rate of 75%.
Selective renal parenchymal clamping in robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: a multi-institutional experience.

PURPOSE We describe our multi-institutional experience using a laparoscopic clamp to induce selective regional ischemia during robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (RALPN) without hilar occlusion. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review of Institutional Revew Board-approved databases of patients who underwent selective regional clamping during RALPN at four institutions was performed. RESULTS In 20 patients who were treated for elective indications, RALPN with parenchymal clamping was successful in 17 (85%). Mean age was 63 years (24-78 y). Median tumor diameter was 2.2 cm (1.1-7.2 cm). Mass location was polar in 13 (76%) and interpolar in 4 (24%). Median R.E. N.A. L. nephrometry score was 6 (4-10). Median overall operative time was 190 minutes (129-309 min), while selective clamp time was 26 minutes (19-52 min). Collecting system repair occurred in 8 (47%) patients. No patients needed a blood transfusion. There was no significant difference in preoperative (median 86 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and immediate postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (median 78 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P=0.33) or with the most recent GFR (median 78 mL/min/1.73 m(2), P=0.54) at a mean follow-up of 6.1 months (1.2-11.9 mos). Final pathology determination revealed renal-cell carcinoma in 71% with no positive margins on frozen or final evaluation. In three additional patients who were undergoing RALPN, bleeding because of incomplete distal clamp compression necessitated subsequent central hilar clamping for the completion of the procedure. CONCLUSIONS In our preliminary multi-institutional experience, regional ischemia using a laparoscopic parenchymal clamp is feasible during RALPN for hemostasis. Careful preoperative selection of patients is needed to determine ideal patient and tumor characteristics. Further comparison studies are necessary to determine the true utility of this technique.
WiiMS: simulating mouse and keyboard for motor-impaired users

In this paper, we report on the Wii Multimodal system (WiiMS) a system which simulates mouse and keyboard interaction for motor-impaired users. The human interface is made through a head tracking pointer which consist of a Wii Remote control and Infra-Red LEDs attached to a pair of glasses. WiiMS combines the use of head tracking with speech recognition to provide a simple and easy-to-use user interface for users with motor impairments. A user study was carried out to investigate the following: learnability, intuitiveness, user satisfaction and effectiveness of the WiiMS. WiiMS was found to be learnable, effective, satisfactory and intuitive but was not efficient for text entry even though the proposed system was found to be adequate in the context of use.
Map-reduce for calibrating massive bus trajectory data

Accurate bus trajectory data is the basis of many public transportation applications. However, trajectory data sampled by GPS devices contains notable direction errors. We cannot determine the travelling direction of the bus through trajectory data. To address this problem, we utilize k-nearest neighbor algorithm (K-NN) to determine the direction of the bus trajectory. Meanwhile, the voluminous bus trajectory data accumulated daily need to be process efficiently for further data mining. To meet the scalability and performance requirements, in this paper, we use Map-Reduce programming model for trajectory data direction correcting and projecting the bus GPS point to the road link. Particularly, we compare execution time through setting different amount of reduce to express the extent of running time can be affected. Experimental results indicate that the K-NN algorithm improves the accuracy of the direction field in raw bus trajectory data significantly. By comparing the efficiency under different reduce quantities. The result shows that parallel processing framework improves the computational efficiency by a factor of 2 at least, obtaining.
Recommendation of Learning Resources based on Social Relations

Recommender systems are able to estimate the interest for a user of a given resource from some information about similar users and resources properties. In our work, we focus on the recommendations of educational resources in the field of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) and more specifically the recommendations which are based on social information. Based on the results of research in recommender systems and TEL, we define an approach to recommend learning resources using social information present in social networks. We have developed a formal model for the calculation of similarity between users and the generation of three types of recommendation. We also developed a platform that implements our approach.
Striking elevation in incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in a province of western Hungary between 1977-2001.

AIM An investigation into inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer in Veszprem Province was conducted from 1977 to 2001. METHODS Both hospital and outpatient records were collected and reviewed comprehensively. The majority of patients were followed up regularly. RESULTS The population of the province was decreased from 386,000 to 376,000 during the period. Five hundred sixty new cases of ulcerative colitis (UC), 212 of Crohn's disease (CD), and 40 of indeterminate colitis (IC) were diagnosed. The incidence rates increased from 1.66 to 11.01 cases per 100,000 persons for UC, from 0.41 to 4.68 for CD and from 0.26 to 0.74 for IC. The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for UC and 52.9 cases per 100,000 persons for CD. The peak onset age in UC patients was between 30 and 40 years, in CD between 20 and 30 years. A family history of IBD was present in 3.4 % in UC and 9.9 % in CD patients. Smoking increased the risk for CD (OR=1.98) while it decreased the risk for UC (OR=0.25). Twelve colorectal carcinomas were observed in this cohort, the cumulative colorectal cancer risk after 10 years in UC was 2%, after 20 years 8.8%, after 30 years 13.3%. CONCLUSION The incidence and prevalence rates of IBD have increased steadily in Veszprem Province, now equivalent to that in Western European countries. Rapid increase in incidence rates supports a probable role for environmental factors. The rate of colorectal cancers in IBD is similar to that observed in Western countries.
Non-Commutative Localization in Algebra and Topology: Noncommutative localization in homotopy theory

Introduction In a sense, noncommutative localization is at the center of homotopy theory, or even more accurately, one form of it is homotopy theory. After all, Gabriel and Zisman and later Quillen observed that the homotopy category of CW-complexes can be obtained from the category of topological spaces by formally inverting the maps which are weak homotopy equivalences. More generally, the homotopy category of any Quillen model category can be built by formally inverting maps. In a slightly different direction, the process of localization with respect to a map (§2) has recently developed into a powerful tool for making homotopy-theoretic constructions; roughly speaking, localizing with respect to f involves converting an object X into a new one, L f ( X ), with the property that, as far as mapping into L f ( X ) goes, f looks like an equivalence. In this paper we will show how the Cohn noncommutative localization described in can be interpreted as an instance of localization with respect to a map (3.2). Actually, we produce a derived form of the Cohn localization, and show that the circumstances in which the Cohn localization is most useful are exactly those in which the higher derived information vanishes (3.3). Finally, we sketch how the derived Cohn localization can sometimes be computed by using a derived form of the categorical localization construction from Gabriel and Zisman (§4).
[Hepatitis B surveillance in the Netherlands, 2002-2005: acute infection is mainly via sexual contact while chronic infection is via vertical transmission through mothers from endemic regions].

OBJECTIVE To study the trends in the prevalence of hepatitis B infections in the Netherlands on the basis of reported cases. DESIGN Retrospective, descriptive. METHOD Analysis of data collected from the obligatory notification of hepatitis B to the Dutch Public Health Services in the Netherlands in the period 2002-2005. RESULTS In the period from January 2002 to December 2005, 7352 hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections were reported, of which 1168 (16%) were acute and 5849 (80%) were chronic infections. Of the acute HBV infections, 34% were transmitted by homo- or bisexual contact and 25% by heterosexual contact. The number of reports of acute HBV infection due to heterosexual transmission increased significantly and originated relatively more often in Dutch patients. The number of reports of chronic HBV infection in men increased significantly; in women there was a decrease over time. Of the chronic HBV infections, 40% were transmitted from mother to child; this was reported especially often by patients from HBV endemic areas. CONCLUSION Sexual contact was the most important risk factor for the transmission of acute HBV infections, whereas vertical transmission was the greatest risk factor by far for chronic HBV infection. Transmission via heterosexual contact had become increasingly important in the transmission of acute HBV; transmission by homo- or bisexual contact remained constant. Immigration continued to play an important role in the epidemiology of HBV in the Netherlands; the majority of the chronic carriers had been born and infected in an HBV endemic area.
Cellular Mechanisms of Depressed Atrial Contractility in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation

Background —After cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF), the contractile function of the atria is temporarily impaired. Although this has significant clinical implications, the underlying cellular mechanisms are poorly understood. Methods and Results —Forty-nine consecutive patients submitted for mitral valve surgery were investigated. Twenty-three were in persistent AF (≥3 months); the others were in sinus rhythm. Before extracorporal circulation, the right atrial appendage was excised. &bgr;-Adrenoceptors were quantified by radioligand binding, and G proteins were quantified by Western blot analysis. The isometric contractile response to Ca2+, isoproterenol, Bay K8644, and the postrest potentiation of contractile force were investigated in thin atrial trabeculae, which were also examined histologically. The contractile force of the atrial preparations obtained from AF patients was 75% less than that in preparations from patients in sinus rhythm. Also, the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol was impaired, and Bay K8644 failed to increase atrial contractile force. In contrast, the response to extracellular Ca2+ was maintained, and the postrest potentiation was preserved. &bgr;-Adrenoceptor density and G-protein expression were unchanged. Histological examination revealed 14% more myolysis in the atria of AF patients. Conclusions —After prolonged AF, atrial contractility was reduced by 75%. The impairment of &bgr;-adrenergic modulation of contractile force cannot be explained by downregulation of &bgr;-adrenoceptors or changes in G proteins. Dysfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum does not occur after prolonged AF. Failure of Bay K8644 to restore contractility suggests that the L-type Ca2+ channel is responsible for the contractile dysfunction. The restoration of contractile force by high extracellular Ca2+ shows that the contractile apparatus itself is nearly completely preserved after prolonged AF.
Recent machine learning advancements in sensor-based mobility analysis: Deep learning for Parkinson's disease assessment

The development of wearable sensors has opened the door for long-term assessment of movement disorders. However, there is still a need for developing methods suitable to monitor motor symptoms in and outside the clinic. The purpose of this paper was to investigate deep learning as a method for this monitoring. Deep learning recently broke records in speech and image classification, but it has not been fully investigated as a potential approach to analyze wearable sensor data. We collected data from ten patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease using inertial measurement units. Several motor tasks were expert-labeled and used for classification. We specifically focused on the detection of bradykinesia. For this, we compared standard machine learning pipelines with deep learning based on convolutional neural networks. Our results showed that deep learning outperformed other state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms by at least 4.6 % in terms of classification rate. We contribute a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of deep learning for sensor-based movement assessment and conclude that deep learning is a promising method for this field.
A January 2005 invitation to random groups

Random groups provide a rigorous way to tackle such questions as “What does a typical (finitely generated) group look like? ” or “What is the behavior of an element of a group when nothing particular happens? ” We review the results obtained on random groups as of January 2005. We give proper definitions and list known properties of typical groups. We also emphasize properties of random elements in a given group. In addition we present more specific, randomly twisted group constructions providing new, “wild” examples of groups. A comprehensive discussion of open problems and perspectives is included. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 20F65, 20P05, 60B99, 20F05, 20F67.
Edge detection based on regulated morphological gradient

The morphological gradient transform is a common way to detect both sharp and transition edges, but it tends to result in thick edges. A regulated morphological gradient method for edge detection is proposed, decaying to the Soille multi-scale gradient, while opening by reconstruction top-hat is used to replace the traditional top-hat and ultimate erosion to replace erosion. First, the morphological thick gradient is calculated, and then top-hat by reconstruction and ultimate erosion are employed to extract thin edges with less essential edges lost and to avoid the merging of small spaced edges. Experiments show that this method can efficiently detect thin edges without lost essential edges and edge point position bias under the noiseless case; also it can result in good edges in the noise corrupted condition when a prefilter is employed.
Simultaneous 3D tracking and reconstruction on a mobile phone

A novel framework for joint monocular 3D tracking and reconstruction is described that can handle untextured objects, occlusions, motion blur, changing background and imperfect lighting, and that can run at frame rate on a mobile phone. The method runs in parallel (i) level set based pose estimation and (ii) continuous max flow based shape optimisation. By avoiding a global computation of distance transforms typically used in level set methods, tracking rates here exceed 100Hz and 20Hz on a desktop and mobile phone, respectively, without needing a GPU. Tracking ambiguities are reduced by augmenting orientation information from the phone's inertial sensor. Reconstruction involves probabilistic integration of the 2D image statistics from keyframes into a 3D volume. Per-voxel posteriors are used instead of the standard likelihoods, giving increased accuracy and robustness. Shape coherency and compactness is then imposed using a total variational approach solved using globally optimal continuous max flow.
Limits on the early afterglow phase of gamma-ray burst sources from TAROT-1

The Telescope a Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires (TAROT-1) has as prime objective the observation of the prompt and delayed emission of cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). We have performed a search for optical emission from 6 GRBs detected by BATSE. The positioning error circle was fully covered within typically thirty minutes after the trigger. No detection of the early afterglow phase was made, and magnitude limits in the range of $ \\mathrm{m}_{\\mathrm{R}} = 13-15 $ were estimated using 20s exposures. These limits are compared to optical afterglow data obtained in later phases and the results are interpreted in terms of source distances. They correspond to a median redshift of z = 0.5. With HETE-2 and the planned instrument upgrade, TAROT-1 will be able to detect the early optical emission of GRBs up to a redshift of the order of 5.
Knowledge, Risk Perception and Behaviour on HIV/AIDS amongst Students of Tertiary Institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria

This Study was focused on the behavior and risk perception of HIV/AIDS among students of tertiary institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria because researches have shown that the school environment provide fertile grounds for high sexual risk behavior (Adefuye et al.,2009). The study which was conducted over a period of three months considered a sample of five randomly selected tertiary institutions in the State and 1200 multiple-choice format questionnaires were distributed to the students out of which 1095 (91.33 percent) were completed and returned. Data generated were analyzed using SPSS version 15. Apart from simple descriptive statistics, correspondence analysis was used to show relationship between the demographic background of the students, their health risk perception and behavior on HIV/AIDS. The result showed that as many as twenty four percent of the students have multiple sex partners, about 44 percent of who do not like using condom. Having multiple sex partners was found to have significant effect on decision on infection prevention technique adopted by the student. About 43.69 percent of those who have multiple sex partners agree that they are engaging in risky sexual behavior. Only 54.63 percent of those who have heard about HIV/AIDS are willing to use condom and 71.33 percent of the respondents are very concerned about the alarming rate of spread of the disease. The correspondence analysis showed that within the age range of 26 to 30 years students are not too comfortable with having roommates who are HIV/AIDS infected while the older students (those who are 30 years and above) feel very comfortable with sharing hostel room with them. Also, it was found that most students with multiple sex partners use female condom while those E-Leader Budapest 2010 with single partners prefer using male condom. Number of sex partners was found to determine the periods between going for HIV/Aids test. While those with multiple sex partners have undergone HIV test within six months before our survey, those with single sex partners have not do so in the last six months. Age was found to be a factor in determining the decision to use protection during sex. The population at risk are those in the age bracket of 19 to 30 years, as they have multiple sex partners and seldom go for test. The implication for insurance was discussed.
Earnings Quality and Future Capital Investment: Evidence from Discretionary Accruals

This paper examines how one aspect of earnings quality - discretionary accruals - affects subsequent capital investment pattern and efficiency. We find that, conditional on investment opportunities, investment in fixed assets in period t is less sensitive to internal cash flows for firms with large positive discretionary accruals in period t-1. We also find that, at a given level of capital investment in fixed assets in period t, the return on assets in period t +1 is lower for firms with large positive discretionary accruals in period t-1. The overall evidence suggests that firms with large positive discretionary accruals misallocate resources, and thus, impose dead-weight efficiency loss.