Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (Co-MINT) using UWB signals

In multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT), explicit use is made of multipath propagation in the ultra-wideband channel. With the help of floorplan information, localization is possible with only one reference node. In this work, we introduce MINT among cooperating users in order to omit the need of any known reference nodes. The received signal is modeled as a combination of deterministic multipath components, diffuse multipath represented by a random process and AWGN. In a mixed line-of-sight (LOS)/non-LOS (NLOS) indoor scenario, we show how information from mono-static and bi-static measurements of cooperating users can be merged for localization and tracking. The problem is formulated with a factor graph and solved via belief propagation on the factor graph. Simulation results show that localization and tracking of a mobile agent is possible: (i) independent of LOS or NLOS, (ii) without the need for further infrastructure.
Towards Entity Correctness, Completeness and Emergence for Entity Recognition

Linking words or phrases in unstructured text to entities in knowledge bases is the problem of entity recognition and disambiguation. In this paper, we focus on the task of entity recognition in Web text to address the challenges of entity correctness, completeness and emergence that existing approaches mainly suffer from. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches in terms of precision, F-measure, micro-accuracy and macro-accuracy, while still preserving high recall.
Analyzing the Relationship between Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Gross Primary Production using Remotely Sensed Data and Model Simulation

Remote measurement of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has opened a new perspective to assess plant actual photosynthesis at larger, ecologically relevant scales. Several recent researches have demonstrated the strong link between satellite based SIF and gross primary production (GPP) at large scales. However, understanding the underling mechanisms between SIF and GPP remains challenging before SIF used as a robust constraint for estimating GPP. In this study, we used a combination of remotely sensed data together with model analysis to assess the impact factors that determining the SIF-GPP relationship. We found that the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment–2 (GOME-2) SIF is spatially corresponded to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product for GPP. We also noticed that the SIF-GPP relationship was ecosystem-specific and influenced by land surface temperature. The former is due to some structural and physiological characteristics related to each ecosystem and the latter can be attributed to the biochemical process influenced by temperature conditions. Our analysis using Soil-Canopy Observation of Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model also indicated the SIF-GPP relationship was complex and affected by some factors like shortwave irradiance, chlorophyll content and LAI. As SIF and GPP are influenced by a combination of several factors under natural conditions, we concluded that the simply linear regression relationship between SIF and GPP may be applicable only for some certain conditions and the their relationship may not be linear over natural conditions. Based on our analysis, we then suggested that dedicated strategies were required to compensate for the factors affecting SIF-GPP relationship before using SIF to estimate global GPP. The findings of this study contributes to a better understanding of the information inherent in remotely sensed SIF and its functional relationship to GPP.
Maternal negative affectivity and child-feeding : results from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort study

Early dietary habits are formative for dietary habits later in life. Maternal personality might be an important factor in unhealthy feeding of children. The currents study aim to assess the degree to which the personality trait of Negative Affectivity in mothers predicts their child’s diet at age 18 months. This study is a part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. A total of 27 763 mothers completed 3 repeated assessments of Negative Affectivity before and after childbirth and of the child’s diet when the child was 18 months old. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns, and structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relationship with Negative Affectivity adjusted for socio-demographical variables. Exploratory factor analysis of a foods frequency questionnaire revealed two dietary patterns in the child, labeled unhealthy diet and healthy diet. The unhealthy diet comprised foods rich in sugar and fat; the healthy diet comprised foods rich in fiber, vitamins and minerals. Mothers high in Negative Affectivity were more inclined to feed their child an unhealthy diet. The results were adjusted for maternal age, years of education, relative income, marital status, number of children, having the child in daycare, maternal smoking, maternal body mass index, and child gender. This study shows that a maternal personality trait, Negative Affectivity, is related to feeding the child an unhealthy diet after controlling for key sociodemographic variables.
Extreme Learning Machine based Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Approximation

— In computer graphics, one of the important aim is generating photo realistic images. Modelling interaction between light and surface of the object is major part of this aim. To achieve this, bidirectional reflectance distribution function is used. Bidirectional reflectance distribution function is calculated by direct measuring, analytical modelling or sampling methods. One of the most common analytic model is Phong illumination, which is based on empirical observation. Phong model considers ambient light, diffuse and specular reflections as in most illumination models. To generate more photo realistic images for each material in the scene; specular, ambient, and diffuse reflection coefficients have to be determined. Instead of searching for coefficients, expert systems can be used for approximating bidirectional reflectance distribution and these pre-trained systems can be utilized for rendering. In this study, extreme learning machine based bidirectional reflectance distribution model is proposed to generate more realistic images. By training proposed structure for each material type, different models were generated. According to the test results, proposed method may be considered as an alternative to interpolation of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions.
Generation of Strategies for Environmental Deception in Two-Player Normal-Form Games

Abstract : Methods of performing and defending against deceptive actions are a popular field of study in game theory; however, the focus is mostly on action deception in turn-based games. This work focuses on developing strategies for performing environmental deception in two-player, strategic-form games. Environmental deception is defined as deception where one player has the ability to change the other? s perception of the state of the game through modification of their perception of the game? s payoff matrix, similar to the use of camouflage. The main contributions of this research are an expansion of the definition of the stability of a Nash equilibrium to include cells outside the equilibrium, and the creation of four algorithms for developing strategies for environmental deception, including closed-form solutions for the creation of a 3x3 deceptive game with a 2x2 mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium (MSNE) that benefits the deceiver from a 3x3 game containing a 2x2 MSNE. It is found that the value gain produced by a deceptive algorithm is dependent upon the type of game to which it is applied and the maximum amount of allowable change to the payoff matrix emphasizing the importance of carefully selecting an algorithm to match the situation to which it is applied.
Shedding‐Generated Met Receptor Fragments can be Routed to Either the Proteasomal or the Lysosomal Degradation Pathway

The receptor tyrosine kinase Met and its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, are essential for embryonic development, whereas deregulation of Met signaling pathways is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. The presenilin‐regulated intramembrane proteolysis (PS‐RIP) is involved in ligand‐independent downregulation of Met. This proteolytic process involves shedding of the Met extracellular domain followed by γ‐secretase cleavage, generating labile intracellular fragments degraded by the proteasome. We demonstrate here that upon shedding both generated Met N‐ and C‐terminal fragments are degraded directly in the lysosome, with C‐terminal fragments escaping γ‐secretase cleavage. PS‐RIP and lysosomal degradation are complementary, because their simultaneous inhibition induces synergistic accumulation of fragments. Met N‐terminal fragments associate with the high‐affinity domain of HGF/SF, confirming its decoy activity which could be reduced through their routing to the lysosome at the expense of extracellular release. Finally, the DN30 monoclonal antibody inducing Met shedding promotes receptor degradation through induction of both PS‐RIP and the lysosomal pathway. Thus, we demonstrate that Met shedding initiates a novel lysosomal degradation which participates to ligand‐independent downregulation of the receptor.
Matrix animation and polar decomposition

General 3×3 linear or 4×4 homogenous matrices can be formed by composing primitive matrices for translation, rotation, scale, shear, and perspective. Current 3-D computer graphics systems manipulate and interpolate parametric forms of these primitives to generate scenes and motion. For this and other reasons, decomposing a composite matrix in a meaningful way has been a longstanding challenge. This paper presents a theory and method for doing so, proposing that the central issue is rotation extraction, and that the best way to do that is Polar Decomposition. This method also is useful for renormalizing a rotation matrix containing excessive error.
The Application of High-Resolution Spectral Analysis for Identifying Multiple Combined Faults in Induction Motors

Induction motors are critical components for most industries. Induction motor failures may yield an unexpected interruption at the industry plant. Several conventional vibration and current analysis techniques exist by which certain faults in rotating machinery can be identified; however, they generally deal with a single fault only. Instead, in real induction machines, the case of multiple faults is common. When multiple faults exist, vibration and current are excited by several fault-related frequencies combined with each other, linearly or nonlinearly. Different techniques have been proposed for the diagnosis of rotating machinery in literature, where most of them are focused on detecting single faults and few works deal with the diagnosis and identification of multiple combined faults. The contribution of this paper is the development of a condition-monitoring strategy that can make accurate and reliable assessments of the presence of specific fault conditions in induction motors with single or multiple combined faults present. The proposed method combines a finite impulse response filter bank with high-resolution spectral analysis based on multiple signal classification for an accurate identification of the frequency-related fault. Results show the methodology potentiality as a deterministic detection technique that is suited for detecting multiple features where the fault-related frequencies are very close to those analytically reported in literature.
Achievable rates and forward-backward decoding algorithms for the Gaussian relay channels under the one-code constraint

This paper is concerned with the Gaussian relay channel (GRC) under the one-code constraint, where the source and the relay utilize the same code to send message. An advantage of such one-code constraint is that the error propagation resulting from re-encoding can be mitigated as the relay can forward directly the decoded “codeword” to the destination. The maximal achievable rate of the considered GRC is derived using the technique of superposition block Markov encoding based on the single code. Moreover, the forward-backward (FB) decoding strategies over the sliding window are developed both at the destination and at the relay. When LDPC codes are applied to the GRC system, a practical FB message passing decoding algorithm is presented. Simulation results show that the decoding performance can be improved as the window length increases and a small length (no greater than 4) is good enough for the FB decoding, and that re-encoding at relay may degrade the decoding performance at the destination.
The trp RNA-Binding Attenuation Protein of Bacillus subtilis Regulates Translation of the Tryptophan Transport Gene trpP (yhaG) by Blocking Ribosome Binding

ABSTRACT Expression of the Bacillus subtilis tryptophan biosynthetic genes (trpEDCFBA and pabA [trpG]) is regulated in response to tryptophan by TRAP, the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein. TRAP-mediated regulation of the tryptophan biosynthetic genes includes a transcription attenuation and two distinct translation control mechanisms. TRAP also regulates translation of trpP (yhaG), a single-gene operon that encodes a putative tryptophan transporter. Its translation initiation region contains triplet repeats typical of TRAP-regulated mRNAs. We found that regulation of trpP and pabA is unaltered in a rho mutant strain. Results from filter binding and gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that TRAP binds specifically to a segment of the trpP transcript that includes the untranslated leader and translation initiation region. While the affinities of TRAP for the trpP and pabA transcripts are similar, TRAP-mediated translation control of trpP is much more extensive than for pabA. RNA footprinting revealed that the trpP TRAP binding site consists of nine triplet repeats (five GAG, three UAG, and one AAG) that surround and overlap the trpP Shine-Dalgarno (S-D) sequence and translation start codon. Results from toeprint and RNA-directed cell-free translation experiments indicated that tryptophan-activated TRAP inhibits TrpP synthesis by preventing binding of a 30S ribosomal subunit. Taken together, our results establish that TRAP regulates translation of trpP by blocking ribosome binding. Thus, TRAP coordinately regulates tryptophan synthesis and transport by three distinct mechanisms: attenuation transcription of the trpEDCFBA operon, promoting formation of the trpE S-D blocking hairpin, and blocking ribosome binding to the pabA and trpP transcripts.
Performance evaluation of lifetime-aware routing in Wireless Sensor Networks with practical design considerations

Energy resource management is considered essential in battery-operated Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Radio communication circuitry is a significant power consumer in a WSN. Therefore, it is desired to design an efficient routing algorithm which conserves the battery power as much as possible, resulting in a longer network lifetime. Lifetime-aware routing protocols were suggested to distribute the flow of information through different routes. These works were mainly based on simplified assumptions which ignored practical considerations and assumed perfect knowledge of the channel conditions and the ability to adjust the transmission power accordingly. In this work, the practical case of a constant transmission level is applied to the Flow Augmentation algorithm and the lifetime performance of the proposed modified Flow Augmentation algorithm called Constant Transmission Power Flow Augmentation (CTPFA) is evaluated and compared with the original Flow Augmentation. The CTPFA analysis proves that lifetime of a WSN with nodes that have constant transmission power decreases significantly due to the excess transmission power used. Methods to improve the lifetime performance are discussed.
Sexual Revictimization and Adjustment in College Men

Child sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual assault (ASA) occur at alarming rates in the United States and are associated with a number of adult psychological adjustment problems. Moreover, having a history of CSA may increase risk for sexual victimization in adulthood (revictimization). A number of studies explore the issues of CSA, ASA, revictimization, and adjustment in women, but far fewer studies investigate these issues in men. This study explored the phenomenon of sexual revictimization and related adjustment difficulties in 1,002 male college students who completed the Life Experiences Questionnaire, an expanded version of the Sexual Experiences Survey, and the Symptom Checklist-90—Revised. Results indicated that male CSA survivors are more likely than nonvictims to experience ASA and that sexual victimization and revictimization are related to increased adult adjustment difficulties in the forms of posttraumatic stress, hostility, depression, and general distress. Research and clinical implications are discussed, such as the need to assess male psychotherapy clients for sexual victimization and revictimization histories and the need for research on the mechanisms resulting in psychological adjustment difficulties in male survivors of sexual victimization and revictimization.
Dietary Inflammation Factor Rating System and Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Elders

It has been suggested that inflammation is involved in Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between inflammatory aspects of diet and incident AD risk. About 2258 nondemented elderly (age ≥65) in New York who provided dietary information at baseline were followed-up prospectively for AD development. We examined the composite total Inflammation Factor Rating (tIFR), as a measure of inflammatory impact of foods, in relation with (i) serum level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and (ii) risk of incident AD using Cox proportional hazard model. The tIFR was not associated with serum hsCRP level. After an average of 4.0 years of follow-up, 262 paticipants developed incident AD. The tIFR was not associated with AD risk: compared with the lowest tertile of tIFR (most proinflammatory), hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the highest tertile (most anti-inflammatory) was 0.97 (0.69-1.35) (P-for-trend=0.71), in the adjusted model. We conclude that tIFR might not be a biologically relevant measure of the inflammatory impact of the diet. In addition, although it remains possible that tIFR might be related with some other aspects of inflammation not captured by hsCRP, lack of association with AD risk suggests its limited clinical utility.
Ultraviolet, X-Ray, and Optical Radiation from the Geminga Pulsar

We observed the γ-ray pulsar Geminga with the FUV-MAMA and NUV-MAMA detectors of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrometer to measure Geminga's spectrum and pulsations in the ultraviolet. The slope of the far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectrum is close to that of a Rayleigh-Jeans spectrum, suggesting that the FUV radiation is dominated by thermal emission from the neutron star (NS) surface. The measured FUV flux, FFUV = (3.7 ± 0.2) × 10-15 ergs cm-2 s-1 in the 1155-1702 Å band, corresponds to a brightness temperature TRJ ≈ (0.3-0.4)(d200/R13)2 MK, depending on the interstellar extinction (d = 200d200 pc and R = 13R13 km are the distance and the NS radius, respectively). The soft thermal component of Geminga's X-ray spectrum measured with the XMM-Newton observatory corresponds to a temperature Ts = 0.49 ± 0.01 MK and radius Rs = (12.9 ± 1.0)d200 km. Contrary to other NSs detected in the UV-optical, for which the extrapolation of the X-ray thermal component into the optical underpredicts the observed flux of thermal radiation, the FUV spectrum of Geminga lies slightly below the extrapolation of the soft thermal component, which might be associated with Geminga's very low temperature. Surprisingly, the thermal FUV radiation is strongly pulsed, showing a narrow dip at a phase close to that of a broader minimum of the soft X-ray light curve. The strong pulsations might be attributed to partial occultations of the thermal UV radiation by regions of the magnetosphere filled with electron/positron plasma. In contrast to the FUV spectrum, the near-infrared (NIR) through near-ultraviolet (NUV) spectrum of Geminga is clearly nonthermal. It can be described by a power-law model, Fν ∝ ν-Γ+1, with a photon index Γ = 1.43 ± 0.15, close to the slope Γ = 1.56 ± 0.24 of the hard X-ray (E > 2.5 keV) magnetospheric component. The extrapolation of the X-ray magnetospheric spectrum into the optical is marginally consistent with (or perhaps lies slightly above) the observed NIR-optical-NUV spectrum. The NUV pulsations, however, do not show a clear correlation with the hard X-ray pulsations.
Methods for Assessing Exposure of Insects

Like other constituents of ecosystems, insects are exposed to the action of many man-made chemicals, some of which accumulate in live and inanimate parts of the environment. Insects constitute an important group of organisms, because of the diversity of their morphology and physiology, their abundance, economic importance, and numerous effects on human health. Insects seem to display the greatest diversity of biochemical and genetic responses to stress from exposure to exogenous chemicals. For that reason, adequate methods must be developed for qualitative and quantitative determinations of xenobiotics, and detoxication mechanisms in insect tissues must be understood. While some relatively reliable methods have been developed for diagnosing some of these mechanisms (e.g., insect resistance to some pesticides), methods to measure precisely biological responses to exposure need to be improved. This survey attempts to summarise methods commonly used for assessing exposure: (1) Direct determination of xenobiotics at the level of cells and organs; (2) Qualitative and quantitative biochemical changes in some lowmolecular and high-molecular substances; (3) Genetic changes at individual and population levels as indicators of exposure; and (4) Effects of xenobiotics at the population level.
Do Girls Profit More? Gender-Specific Effectiveness of a Life Skills Program Against Alcohol Consumption in Early Adolescence

This study investigated the effectiveness of a life skills program with regard to alcohol consumption, life skills, knowledge, and school bonding for young adolescents. The focus was on the moderating role of gender, based on the assumption that life skills programs may address specific needs of adolescent girls better than those of boys. The universal school-based life skills program IPSY (Information * Psychosocial competence = Protection) was implemented and evaluated over 3 years (longitudinal quasi-experimental design with four measurement points; N = 952, 10 years at T1). Results of (M)ANCOVAs revealed positive general program effects of IPSY on alcohol-related outcomes, life skills, knowledge, and school bonding. As expected, girls profited regarding knowledge of effective communication within groups and self-confidence, but not boys. In contrast, none of the other program effects was moderated by gender. Thus, the program, although lacking gender-specific components, worked well for both boys and girls during early adolescence.