Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Obstetric and gynecologic problems associated with eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE This article summarizes the literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders. METHOD We performed a comprehensive search of the current literature on obstetric and gynecologic complications associated with eating disorders using PubMed. More recent randomized-controlled trials and larger data sets received priority. We also chose those that we felt would be the most relevant to providers. RESULTS Common obstetric and gynecologic complications for women with eating disorders include infertility, unplanned pregnancy, miscarriage, poor nutrition during pregnancy, having a baby with small head circumference, postpartum depression and anxiety, sexual dysfunction and complications in the treatment for gynecologic cancers. There are also unique associations by eating disorder diagnosis, such as earlier cessation of breastfeeding in anorexia nervosa; increased polycystic ovarian syndrome in bulimia nervosa; and complications of obesity as a result of binge eating disorder. DISCUSSION We focus on possible biological and psychosocial factors underpinning risk for poor obstetric and gynecological outcomes in eating disorders. Understanding these factors may improve both our understanding of the reproductive needs of women with eating disorders and their medical outcomes. We also highlight the importance of building multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care to women with eating disorders during the reproductive years.
Multi-Objective Dynamic Economic Dispatch with Demand Side Management of Residential Loads and Electric Vehicles

In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method based on the normal boundary intersection is proposed to solve the dynamic economic dispatch with demand side management of individual residential loads and electric vehicles. The proposed approach specifically addresses consumer comfort through acceptable appliance deferral times and electric vehicle charging requirements. The multi-objectives of minimizing generation costs, emissions, and energy loss in the system are balanced in a Pareto front approach in which a fuzzy decision making method has been implemented to find the best compromise solution based on desired system operating conditions. The normal boundary intersection method is described and validated.
Correlation between Degree of Radiologic Signs of Osteoarthritis and Functional Status in Patients with Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain.

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is the most intervening factors in producing mechanical low back pain (LBP). We aimed to evaluate the correlation between radiologic signs of osteoarthritis and functional status in patients with chronic mechanical LBP. METHODS Severity of osteoarthritis and disability were evaluated with Kellgren and Lawrence Grading Scale (K&L) by simple lumbar X-ray and Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) respectively. RESULTS Although there was no significant correlation between ODQ and K&L score in general, the correlation was seen in female group (P = 0.024, r = 0.207). CONCLUSION Mechanical LBP provides more disability in females suffering from more advanced osteoarthritis.
Synthesis, 1H NMR Structure, and Activity of a Three-disulfide-bridged Maurotoxin Analog Designed to Restore the Consensus Motif of Scorpion Toxins*

Maurotoxin (MTX) is a 34-residue toxin that has been isolated from the venom of the chactidae scorpionScorpio maurus palmatus. The toxin displays an exceptionally wide range of pharmacological activity since it binds onto small conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels and also blocks Kv channels (Shaker, Kv1.2 and Kv1.3). MTX possesses 53–68% sequence identity with HsTx1 and Pi1, two other K+ channel short chain scorpion toxins cross-linked by four disulfide bridges. These three toxins differ from other K+/Cl−/Na+ channel scorpion toxins cross-linked by either three or four disulfide bridges by the presence of an extra half-cystine residue in the middle of a consensus sequence generally associated with the formation of an α/β scaffold (an α-helix connected to an antiparallel β-sheet by two disulfide bridges). Because MTX exhibits an uncommon disulfide bridge organization among known scorpion toxins (C1-C5, C2-C6, C3-C4, and C7-C8 instead of C1-C4, C2-C5, and C3-C6 for three-disulfide-bridged toxins or C1-C5, C2-C6, C3-C7, and C4-C8 for four-disulfide-bridged toxins), we designed and chemically synthesized an MTX analog with three instead of four disulfide bridges ([Abu19,Abu34]MTX) and in which the entire consensus motif of scorpion toxins was restored by the substitution of the two half-cystines in positions 19 and 34 (corresponding to C4 and C8) by two isosteric α-aminobutyrate (Abu) derivatives. The three-dimensional structure of [Abu19,Abu34]MTX in solution was solved by1H NMR. This analog adopts the α/β scaffold with now conventional half-cystine pairings connecting C1-C5, C2-C6, and C3-C7 (with C4 and C8 replaced by Abu derivatives). This novel arrangement in half-cystine pairings that concerns the last disulfide bridge results mainly in a reorientation of the α-helix regarding the β-sheet structure. In vivo, [Abu19,Abu34]MTX remains lethal in mice as assessed by intracerebroventricular injection of the peptide (LD50 value of 0.25 μg/mouse). The structural variations are also accompanied by changes in the pharmacological selectivity of the peptide, suggesting that the organization pattern of disulfide bridges should affect the three-dimensional presentation of certain key residues critical to the blockage of K+ channel subtypes.
Biomaterials for Bone Regenerative Engineering

Strategies for bone tissue regeneration have been continuously evolving for the last 25 years since the introduction of the “tissue engineering” concept. The convergence of the life, physical, and engineering sciences has brought in several advanced technologies available to tissue engineers and scientists. This resulted in the creation of a new multidisciplinary field termed as “regenerative engineering”. In this article, the role of biomaterials in bone regenerative engineering is systematically reviewed to elucidate the new design criteria for the next generation of biomaterials for bone regenerative engineering. The exemplary design of biomaterials harnessing various materials characteristics towards successful bone defect repair and regeneration is highlighted. Particular attention is given to the attempts of incorporating advanced materials science, stem cell technologies, and developmental biology into biomaterials design to engineer and develop the next generation bone grafts.
Intrinsic apoptotic and thioredoxin pathways in human prostate cancer cell response to histone deacetylase inhibitor

There is a great need to develop better mechanism-based therapies for prostate cancer. In this investigation, we studied four human prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP, DU145, LAPC4, and PC3, which differ in response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat), a new anticancer drug. Examining the role of intrinsic mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent, reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitated cell death, has provided an understanding of mechanisms that may determine the varied response to the histone deacetylase inhibitor. We found striking differences among these cancer cells in constitutive expression and response to suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in levels of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic proteins, mitochondria membrane integrity, activation of caspases, ROS accumulation, and expression of thioredoxin, the major scavenger of ROS. Identifying these differences can have predictive value in assessing therapeutic response and identifying targets to enhance therapeutic efficacy.
Generalized NURBS curves and surfaces

A representation, the generalized NURBS (G-NURBS), is proposed for modeling parametric curves and surfaces. G-NURBS provides a unified framework for traditional parametric curve and surface. G-NURBS surface based on arbitrary irregular mesh can represent closed surface or trimmed surface with only one surface patch.
Methods of immunosuppression for study of growth and lung colony formation by human tumor cells in mice.

Mice that are immune-suppressed by thymectomy and by sequential treatment with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and whole body irradiation may be used as hosts for generation of human tumor xenografts. We have studied the effect of various additional methods of immune suppression on the formation of tumors after i.m. injection and on the formation of lung colonies after i.v. injection with the human MGH-U1 bladder cancer cell line. Success of transplantation was improved by treatment of immune-suppressed animals with either heterologous antilymphocyte serum or a monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody. Success of lung colony formation was also improved by antilymphocyte serum but not by monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody. Admixture of heavily irradiated cells (10(6)) to the viable inoculum of tumor cells in addition to antilymphocyte serum treatment improved the success of i.m. transplantation but not that of lung colony formation. Treatment with corticosteroids or treatment with carrageenan to suppress macrophage activity added toxicity and did not improve the success of xenografting. Immune suppression decreased the natural killer cell activity of normal mice and treatment with antiinterferon to further suppress natural killer cells may also enhance xenograft formation. Administration of cyclosporin A to normal mice allowed the growth of a single xenograft but was not a useful method for immunosuppression. The success of xenografting into immune-deprived mice was superior to that for two strains of nude mice maintained in our laboratory, and i.v. injection of tumor cells did not lead to lung colonies in these nude mice. Immune-deprived mice are a useful alternative to nude mice for the study of xenografts derived from human tumor cell lines and may allow the study of experimental lung metastases.
A Model as a Platform to IT and Cultural Understanding

The central role of information technology (IT) in the digital age is largely unquestioned. This has led to a growing demand for IT professionals to design, develop, implement, and support IT infrastructures in the public and private sectors. However, in recent years there has been a shortfall of IT graduates entering the job market. Nowhere was this more pronounced than in Ireland, where the ‘Celtic Tiger’ was the fastest growing economy in the world, and a global leader in the software industry. In order to keep up with demand, educational institutions adopted innovative programmes to increase the skill-set and knowledge base of IT graduates. Two such programmes delivered by University College Cork saw a collaboration between industry, a state sponsored organization and third-level institutions. The first, the Diploma in Applied Business Computing, provides socially disadvantaged students with a third level qualification in IT. The second is a masters programme in Management Information and Managerial Accounting Systems. The construction and implementation of any course is very much emergent, given the unique institutional nature of academic programmes and the diversity of the participants involved. This paper reports on an action research study of two contrasting approaches to delivering course modules in both programmes. A conceptual framework drawn from Davis’s (1989) work on the acceptance of information technology and the introduction of other necessary components is employed as a theoretical lens with which to describe and analyse this study’s findings, which illustrate IT acceptance by students is vital if academic programmes are to fully leverage technology to support educators and learners alike in crossing the digital and cultural divides.
The biogeochemistry of carbon at

The biogeochemical behavior of carbon in the forested watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) was analyzed in long-term studies. The largest pools of C in the reference watershed (W6) reside in mineral soil organic matter (43% of total ecosystem C) and living biomass (40.5%), with the remainder in surface detritus (14.5%). Repeated sampling indicated that none of these pools was changing significantly in the late-1990s, although high spatial variability precluded the detection of small changes in the soil organic matter pools, which are large; hence, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in this 2nd growth forest was near zero (± about 20 g C/m-yr) and probably similar in magnitude to fluvial export of organic C. Aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of the forest declined by 24% between the late-1950s (462 g C/m-yr) and the late-1990s (354 g C/m-yr), illustrating age-related decline in forest NPP, effects of multiple stresses and unusual tree mortality, or both. Application of the simulation model PnET-II predicted 14% higher ANPP than was observed for 1996–1997, probably reflecting some unknown stresses. Fine litterfall flux (171 g C/m-yr) has not changed much since the late-1960s. Because of high annual variation, C flux in woody litterfall (including tree mortality) was not tightly constrained but averaged about 90 g C/m-yr. Carbon flux to soil organic matter in root turnover (128 g C/m-yr) was only about half as large as aboveground detritus. Balancing the soil C budget requires that large amounts of C (80 g C/m-yr) were transported from roots to rhizosphere carbon flux. Total soil respiration (TSR) ranged from 540 to 800 g C/m-yr across eight stands and decreased with increasing elevation within the northern hardwood forest near W6. The watershedwide TSR was estimated as 660 g C/m-yr. Empirical measurements indicated that 58% of TSR occurred in the surface organic horizons and that root respiration comprised about 40% of TSR, most of the rest being microbial. Carbon flux directly associated with other heterotrophs in the HBEF was minor; for example, we estimated respiration of soil microarthropods, rodents, birds and moose at about 3, 5, 1 and 0.8 g C/m-yr, respectively, or in total less than 2% of NPP. Hence, the effects of other heterotrophs on C flux were primarily indirect, with the exception of occasional Biogeochemistry (2005) 75: 109–176 Springer 2005 DOI 10.1007/s10533-004-6321-y
Resolution and sensitivity of a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a photon-number-resolving detector

With photon-number resolving detectors, we show compression of interference fringes with increasing photon numbers for a Fabry-Perot interferometer. This feature provides a higher precision in determining the position of the interference maxima compared to a classical detection strategy. We also theoretically show supersensitivity if N-photon states are sent into the interferometer and a photon-number resolving measurement is performed.
Redundancy of Direct Priming and Cross-Priming in Tumor-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses1

Against a subset of human cancers, vigorous tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses can develop either spontaneously or upon allogeneic transplantation. However, the parameters that determine the induction of such pronounced anti-tumor immunity remain ill defined. To dissect the conditions required for the induction of high magnitude T cell responses, we have developed a murine model system in which tumor-specific T cell responses can be monitored directly ex vivo by MHC tetramer technology. In this model, tumor challenge of naive mice with Ag-bearing tumor cells results in a massive Ag-specific T cell response, followed by CD8+ T cell-dependent tumor rejection. We have subsequently used this model to assess the contribution of direct priming and cross-priming in the induction of tumor immunity in a well-defined system. Our results indicate that direct priming of T cells and Ag cross-priming are redundant mechanisms for the induction of tumor-specific T cell immunity. Moreover, T cell responses that arise as a consequence of Ag cross-presentation can occur in the absence of CD4+ T cell help and are remarkably robust.
Displaying Distortion in Ophthalmic Lenses

&NA; A procedure is outlined for generating and displaying information about distortion in an ophthalmic lens. It involves a direct comparison of an object and its image as viewed at the entrance pupil of the eye. The same procedure may also be used to assess chromatic dispersion produced by the chromatic differences in magnification.
Performance evaluation of an intelligent multimedia learning assistant platform

Recently, the literature reported that multimedia learning is more appealing and can increase learning effectiveness. Furthermore, cued retrospective reports (CRRs) can enhance students' learning performance, especially for the novices lacking prior knowledge. In this work, a multimedia learning assistant system is constructed by applying an eye-tracking technique to record and evaluate learner's CRRs. First, each student takes the test after watching the multimedia teaching animations. Those who cannot pass the test will be provided to watch the same video but with segmented video clips to reduce possible high cognitive load. Notably, one-class SVM classifier was applied to automatically judge whether the learners' concepts are correct. Experts' or high achievement peers' CRRs are provided to assist the low-achievement learners. Then, those low-achievement learners accept the second test to verify the effectiveness of our proposed system. 31 students in a junior high school participated in the pre-test, and 16 students did not pass the first test after watching the video. The experimental results revealed that these 16 students have increased their grades from 53.75 to 75. In addition, the classification rate can reach up to 94.59%. The proposed learning assistant system can effectively assist teachers in providing realtime assessment and feedback.
Translating Dialectal Arabic as Low Resource Language using Word Embedding

A number of machine translation methods have been proposed in recent years to deal with the increasingly important problem of automatic translation between texts of different languages or languages and their dialects. These methods have produced promising results when applied to some of the widely studied languages. Existing translation methods are mainly implemented using rule-based and static machine translation approaches. Rule based approaches utilize language translation rules that can either be constructed by an expert, which is quite difficult when dealing with dialects, or rely on rule construction algorithms, which require very large parallel datasets. Statistical approaches also require large parallel datasets to build the translation models. However, large parallel datasets do not exist for languages with low resources, such as the Arabic language and its dialects. In this paper we propose an algorithm that attempts to overcome this limitation, and apply it to translate the Egyptian dialect (EGY) to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Monolingual corpus was collected for both MSA and EGY and a relatively small parallel language pair set was built to train the models. The proposed method utilizes Word embedding as it requires monolingual data rather than parallel corpus. Both Continuous Bag of Words and Skip-gram were used to build word vectors. The proposed method was validated on four different datasets using a four-fold cross validation approach.
19th-century and early 20th-century jaundice outbreaks, the USA

SUMMARY Historical enquiry into diseases with morbidity or mortality predilections for particular demographic groups can permit clarification of their emergence, endemicity, and epidemicity. During community-wide outbreaks of hepatitis A in the pre-vaccine era, clinical attack rates were higher among juveniles rather than adults. In community-wide hepatitis E outbreaks, past and present, mortality rates have been most pronounced among pregnant women. Examination for these characteristic predilections in reports of jaundice outbreaks in the USA traces the emergence of hepatitis A and also of hepatitis E to the closing three decades of the 19th century. Thereafter, outbreaks of hepatitis A burgeoned, whereas those of hepatitis E abated. There were, in addition, community-wide outbreaks that bore features of neither hepatitis A nor E; they occurred before the 1870s. The American Civil War antedated that period. If hepatitis A had yet to establish endemicity, then it would not underlie the jaundice epidemic that was widespread during the war. Such an assessment may be revised, however, with the discovery of more extant outbreak reports.
Comparison of behavioral and psychological symptoms in early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease

When comparing with early‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EO‐AD) and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LO‐AD), some symptomatological differences in clinical features can be seen between them. Rapid progression, more severe language problems or visuospatial dysfunction occur more often in EO‐AD patients. However, there have been very few reports about the differences in behavioral and psychological symptoms between these two groups.
Neural correlates of induced grapheme-color synesthesia

Synesthesia is a perceptual anomaly where stimulation of one sensory modality elicits sensation of a concurrent stimulus from another modality. A previous study has shown that it is possible to establish such an alteration of perception in nonsynesthetes by means of hypnotic suggestion. We tried to extend these results to gain further insight in the underlying neural processes using magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record neural activity. Hypnotic suggestion has been proven to be a particular powerful tool to change even highly automatic processes, at least in a small population of individuals that are highly susceptible. Participants were administered a formal hypnotic induction and then suggested to perceive specific digits in previously assigned colors. Subsequently, they had to complete a simple digit detection task, where grey digits were shown on a colored background that was either congruent or incongruent to the beforehand learned associations. After the task a second hypnosis session was conducted to cancel the suggestions for synesthetic perception. MEG of the neural activity was recorded in a baseline session at the beginning, during the two hypnosis sessions and throughout the digit detection task. The results indicate that there was a significant alteration of perception, however not strong enough to modulate behavior in a measurable way. Nevertheless, the study yielded proof for hypnotically induced trance being an altered state of consciousness with significant changes in neural activity. Furthermore we were able to derive some conclusions on neural correlates of hypnotic suggestion, which are however not as clear as the evidence for the altered state. Much further research will be needed to explore both of the phenomena more precisely. For not only is hypnotic suggestion of practical importance to the therapist, but it also has broad implications for especially neuroscientific research as well. And given the fascinating nature of synesthesia, it is needless to say that it certainly would be of great interest to continue research in this field, too.