Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared for Identification of Volatile Organic Compound Pollution Sources and Characterization of Source Emission Behaviors

Abstract An open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) system was set up for 3-day continuous line-averaged volatile organic compound (VOC) monitoring in a paint manufacturing plant. Seven VOCs (toluene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, methanol, acetone, and 2-butanone) were identified in the ambient environment. Daytime-only batch operation mode was well explained by the time-series concentration plots. Major sources of methanol, m-xylene, acetone, and 2-butanone were identified in the southeast direction where paint solvent manufacturing processes are located. However, an attempt to uncover sources of styrene was not successful because the method detection limit (MDL) of the OP-FTIR system was not sensitive enough to produce conclusive data. In the second scenario, the OP-FTIR system was set up in an industrial complex to distinguish the origins of several VOCs. Eight major VOCs were identified in the ambient environment. The pollutant detected wind-rose percentage plots that clearly showed that ethylene, propylene, 2-butanone, and toluene mainly originated from the tank storage area, whereas the source of n-butane was mainly from the butadiene manufacturing processes of the refinery plant, and ammonia was identified as an accompanying reduction product in the gasoline desulfuration process. Advantages of OP-FTIR include its ability to simultaneously and continuously analyze many compounds, and its long path length monitoring has also shown advantages in obtaining more comprehensive data than the traditional multiple, single-point monitoring methods.
Adaptive p-posterior mixture-model kernels for multiple instance learning

In multiple instance learning (MIL), how the instances determine the bag-labels is an essential issue, both algorithmically and intrinsically. In this paper, we show that the mechanism of how the instances determine the bag-labels is different for different application domains, and does not necessarily obey the traditional assumptions of MIL. We therefore propose an adaptive framework for MIL that adapts to different application domains by learning the domain-specific mechanisms merely from labeled bags. Our approach is especially attractive when we are encountered with novel application domains, for which the mechanisms may be different and unknown. Specifically, we exploit mixture models to represent the composition of each bag and an adaptable kernel function to represent the relationship between the bags. We validate on synthetic MIL datasets that the kernel function automatically adapts to different mechanisms of how the instances determine the bag-labels. We also compare our approach with state-of-the-art MIL techniques on real-world benchmark datasets.
Intrinsic Property-based Taxonomic Relation Extraction from Category Structure

We propose a novel algorithm to extract taxonomic (or isa/instanceOf ) relations from category structure by classifying each category link. Previous algorithms mainly focus on lexical patterns of category names to classify whether or not a given category link is an isa/instanceOf. In contrast, our algorithm extracts intrinsic properties that represent the definition of given category name, and uses those properties to classify each category link. Experimental result shows about 5 to 18 % increase in F-Measure, compared to other existing systems.
Optimism, social support, and mental health outcomes in patients with advanced cancer

Optimism and social support serve as protective factors against distress in medically ill patients. Very few studies have specifically explored the ways in which these variables interact to impact quality of life (QOL), particularly among patients with advanced cancer. The present study examined the role of optimism as a moderator of the relationship between social support and anxiety, depression, hopelessness, and QOL among patients with advanced cancer.
Glucose transport by a mutant of Streptococcus mutans unable to accumulate sugars via the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system

Streptococcus mutans transports glucose via the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). Earlier studies indicated that an alternate glucose transport system functions in this organism under conditions of high growth rates, low pH, or excess glucose. To identify this system, S. mutans BM71 was transformed with integration vector pDC-5 to generate a mutant, DC10, defective in the general PTS protein enzyme I (EI). This mutant expressed a defective EI that had been truncated by approximately 150 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus as revealed by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with anti-EI antibody and Southern hybridizations with a fragment of the wild-type EI gene as a probe. Phosphotransfer assays utilizing 32P-PEP indicated that DC10 was incapable of phosphorylating HPr and EIIAMan, indicating a nonfunctional PTS. This was confirmed by the fact that DC10 was able to ferment glucose but not a variety of other PTS substrates and phosphorylated glucose with ATP and not PEP. Kinetic assays indicated that the non-PTS system exhibited an apparent Ks of 125 microM for glucose and a Vmax of 0.87 nmol mg (dry weight) of cells-1 min-1. Sugar competition experiments with DC10 indicated that the non-PTS transport system had high specificity for glucose since glucose transport was not significantly by a 100-fold molar excess of several competing sugar substrates, including 2-deoxyglucose and alpha-methylglucoside. These results demonstrate that S. mutans possesses a glucose transport system that can function independently of the PEP PTS.
Feelings from the Past—Adapting Affective Lexicons for Historical Emotion Analysis

We here describe a novel methodology for measuring affective language in historical text by expanding an affective lexicon and jointly adapting it to prior language stages. We automatically construct a lexicon for word-emotion association of 18th and 19th century German which is then validated against expert ratings. Subsequently, this resource is used to identify distinct emotional patterns and trace long-term emotional trends in different genres of writing spanning several centuries.
Neurofibrillary tangles mediate the association of amyloid load with clinical Alzheimer disease and level of cognitive function.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that the association of amyloid load with clinical Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive impairment is mediated through neurofibrillary tangles. DESIGN Longitudinal clinicopathologic cohort study. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Forty-four individuals with clinically diagnosed AD and 53 without dementia who participated in the Religious Orders Study underwent a uniform structured clinical evaluation for AD and cognitive testing about 8 months prior to death, and brain autopsy at death. METHODS The percent area occupied by amyloid-beta and the density of neurofibrillary tangles were quantified from 6 brain regions and averaged to yield summary measures of amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangles. Multivariate regression analyses were used to simultaneously examine the effects of amyloid load and neurofibrillary tangles on clinically diagnosed AD and level of cognition. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinically diagnosed AD and level of global cognitive function proximate to death. RESULTS In separate logistic regression analyses, each 1% increase in amyloid load was associated with about a 50% increase in the odds of clinical AD (P =.002), and each neurofibrillary tangle was associated with a greater than 20% increase in the odds of clinical AD (P<.001). When a term for tangles was added to the regression model with amyloid, the association of amyloid load with clinical disease was reduced by more than 60% and was no longer significant, whereas the association of tangles with clinical disease was essentially unchanged. Similar results were found in analyses of global cognitive function. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with a sequence of pathologic events whereby the effect of amyloid deposition on clinical disease is mediated by neurofibrillary tangles.
Turn-on Type Chemical Sensing of Vitamin K4 by Fluorene Dendrimers with Naphthalene Segments

G1 and G2 fluorene dendrimers with naphthalene termini were synthesized as a fluorescence turn-on type chemical sensor for vitamin K4. The fluorene dendrimers were prepared by Williamson ether reaction between the fluorene core with dihydroxy groups and dendritic naphthalene segments with methylene chloride by a convergent method. We investigated the relationship between the dendrimer generation and vitamin K4 recognition of fluorene dendrimer with naphthalene termini in CHCl3. Addition of vitamin K4 enhanced the fluorescence intensity of the fluorene dendrimer. Especially, the G2 fluorene dendrimer was found to be an effective chemical sensor for vitamin K4 and better than the G1 fluorene dendrimer.
Ultrahigh-Speed TV Commercial Detection, Extraction, and Matching

We describe a system based on exact-duplicate matching for detecting and localizing TV commercials in a video stream, clustering the exact duplicates, and detecting duplicate exact-duplicate clusters across video streams. A two-stage temporal recurrence hashing algorithm is used for the detection, localization, and clustering. The algorithm is fully unsupervised, generic, and ultrahigh speed. Another algorithm is used to integrate the video and audio streams to achieve higher performance extraction. Its sequence- and frame-level accuracies in testing were respectively 98.1% and 97.4%. A third algorithm uses a new bag-of-fingerprints model to detect duplicate exact-duplicate clusters across multiple streams. It is robust against decoding errors. Its contributions include: 1) fully unsupervised detection, extraction, and matching of exact duplicates; 2) more generic commercial detection than with the knowledge-based techniques; 3) ultrahigh-speed processing, which detected the TV commercials from a one-month video stream in less than 42 minutes, which is more than ten times faster than with state-of-the-art algorithms; and 4) more generic operation in terms of signal input, the performance of which is consistent between video and audio streams. Testing using a video database containing a ten-hour, a one-month, and a five-year video stream comprehensively demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of this system.
The "weight smoothing" regularization of MLP for Jacobian stabilization

In an approximation problem with a neural network, a low-output root mean square (rms) error is not always a universal criterion. In this paper, we investigate problems where the Jacobians--first derivative of an output value with respect to an input value--of the approximation model are needed and propose to add a quality criterion on these Jacobians during the learning step. More specifically, we focus here on the approximation of functionals A; from a space of continuous functions (discretized in pratice) to a scalar space. In this case, the approximation is confronted with the compensation phenomenon: a lower contribution of one input can be compensated by a larger one of its neighboring inputs. In this case, profiles (with respect to the input index) of neural Jacobians are very irregular instead of smooth. Then, the approximation of A becomes an ill-posed problem because many solutions can be chosen by the learning process. We propose to introduce the smoothness of Jacobian profiles as an a priori information via a regularization technique and develop a new and efficient learning algorithm, called "weight smoothing. " We assess the robustness of the weight smoothing algorithm by testing it on a real and complex problem stemming from meteorology: the neural approximation of the forward model of radiative transfer equation in the atmosphere. The stabilized Jacobians of this model are then used in an inversion process to illustrate the improvement of the Jacobians after weight smoothing.
Travel motivations, behavior and requirements of European senior tourists to Thailand

The purposes of this research were to examine the travel motivations and travel behavior of European senior tourists in Thailand, and to analyze the importance and satisfaction of their travel requirements regarding accommodation, accessibility, attractions, amenities and public services. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 430 European senior tourists aged over 55 years tra- veling in Thailand. Thirty-seven in-depth interviews were also conducted to gain the perspectives of many stakeholders from both public and private sectors. Besides quantitative and qualitative analy- sis, Importance-Performance Analysis was conducted. Research findings showed that the principal travel motivations of sampled senior European tourists were rest and relaxation. The majority of respondents had traveled to Thailand for the first time and intended to stay in Thailand for 15 days or more for leisure and sightseeing activities. Three major requirements of European senior tourists were safety of the destination, location of accommodation, and presence of natural attractions. The result of this research suggests potential policies and measures for public and private sector develo- pment.
Digital Enterprise Architecture with Micro-granular Systems and Services

The digitization of our society changes the way we live, work, learn, communicate, and collaborate. This disruptive change interacts with all information processes and systems that are important business enablers for the context of digitization since years. Our aim is to support flexibility and agile transformations for both business domains and related information technology with more flexible enterprise information systems through adaptation and evolution of digital enterprise architectures. The present research paper investigates the continuous bottom-up integration of micro-granular architectures for a huge amount of dynamically growing systems and services, like Microservices and the Internet of Things, as part of a new digital enterprise architecture. To integrate micro-granular architecture models to living architectural model versions we are extending more traditional enterprise architecture reference models with state of art elements for agile architectural engineering to support the digitization of products, services, and processes.
Who rated what: a combination of SVD, correlation and frequent sequence mining

KDD Cup 2007 focuses on predicting aspects of movie rating behavior. We present our prediction method for Task 1 “Who Rated What in 2006” where the task is to predict which users rated which movies in 2006. We use the combination of the following predictors, listed in the order of their efficiency in the prediction: • The predicted number of ratings for each movie based on time series prediction, also using movie and DVD release dates and movie series detection by the edit distance of the titles. • The predicted number of ratings by each user by using the fact that ratings were sampled proportional to the margin. • The low rank approximation of the 0–1 matrix of known user–movie pairs with rating. • The movie–movie similarity matrix. • Association rules obtained by frequent sequence mining of user ratings considered as ordered itemsets. By combining the predictions by linear regression we obtained a prediction with root mean squared error 0.256; the first runner up result was 0.263 while a pure all zeroes prediction already gives 0.279, indicating the hardness of the task.
Handbook of early literacy research

Part I: Ways of Conceptualizing Early Literacy Development. Neuman, Dickinson, Introduction. Whitehurst, Lonigan, Emergent Literacy: Development from Prereaders to Readers. Gee, A Sociocultural Perspective on Early Literacy Development. Watson, Literacy and Oral Language: Implications for Early Literacy Acquisition. Pellegrini, Some Theoretical and Methodological Considerations in Studying Literacy in Social Context. Adams, Alphabetic Anxiety and Explicit, Systematic Phonics Instruction: A Cognitive Science Perspective. Olson, Gayan, Brains, Genes, and Environment in Reading Development. Part II: Strands of Early Literacy Development. Scarborough, Connecting Early Language and Literacy to Later Reading (Dis)abilities: Evidence, Theory, and Practice. Goswami, Early Phonological Development and the Acquisition of Literacy. Dyson, Writing and Children's Symbolic Repertoires: Development Unhinged. Richgels, Invented Spelling, Phonemic Awareness, and Reading and Writing Instruction. Part III: Home and Community Influences. Tabors, Snow, Young Bilingual Children and Early Literacy Development. Bus, Joint Caregiver Child Storybook Reading: A Route to Literacy Development. Vernon-Feagans, Hammer, Miccio, Manlove, Early Language and Literacy Skills in Low-Income African American and Hispanic Children. Goldenburg, Making Schools Work for Low-Income Families in the 21st Century. Roberts, Burchinal, The Complex Interplay between Biology and Environment: Otitis Media and Mediating Effects on Early Literacy Development. Part IV: Schooling Influences: The Preschool Years. New, Early Literacy and Developmentally Appropriate Practices: Rethinking the Paradigm. Dickinson, Sprague, The Nature and Impact of Early Childhood Care Enviroments on the Language and Early Literacy Development of Children from Low-Income Families. Roskos, Neuman, Environment and Its Influences for Early Literacy Teaching and Learning. Part V: Instructional Materials and Classroom Practices. Vellutino, Scanlon, Emergent Literacy Skills, Early Instruction, and Individual Differences as Determinants of Difficulties in Learning to Read: The Case for Early Intervention. Strickland, Early Intervention for African American Children Considered to Be at Risk. Stahl, Teaching Phoncis and Phonological Awareness. Morrow, Gambrell, Literature-Based Instruction in the Early Years. Hiebert, Martin, The Texts of Beginning Reading Instruction. Johnston, Rogers, Early Literacy Development: The Case for "Informed Assessment". Salinger, Assessing the Literacy of Young Children: A Case for Multiple Forms of Evidence. Part VI: Special Intervention Efforts. Barnett, Preschool Education for Economically Disadvantaged Children: Effects on Reading Achievement and Rela
Dynamic grid-based vs. region-based data distribution management strategies in multi-resolution large-scale distributed systems

Summary form only given. Managing multiresolution simulations is a real challenge in large-scale distributed simulation systems. Various levels of resolution in a simulation, may result in inconsistencies, due to improper correlations between attributes of entities interacting at varied levels of resolution. Aggregation/disaggregation (A/D) is a method for implementing multiresolution simulations within a high level architecture (HLA) federation. This is a follow-up of our earlier work, where we studied the dynamic grid-based vs. region-based data distribution management (DDM) strategies, in a monoresolution distributed simulation system. Here, we wish to extend that work, and present a multiresolution scheme, based upon the aggregation and disaggregation (A/D) paradigm. The purpose of A/D is to ensure consistency in state updates between federates simulating objects at various levels of resolution. We present an extensive simulation experiments using several real-world benchmarks to evaluate the performance of both data distribution management schemes using our multiresolution paradigm.
Conformance Checking with Constraint Logic Programming: The Case of Feature Models

Developing high quality systems depends on developing high quality models. An important facet of model quality is their consistency with respect to their meta-model. We call the verification of this quality the conformance checking process. We are interested in the conformance checking of Product Line Models (PLMs). The problem in the context of product lines is that product models are not created by instantiating a meta-model: they are derived from PLMs. Therefore it is usually at the level of PLMs that conformance checking is applied. On the semantic level, a PLM is defined as the collection of all the product models that can be derived from it. Therefore checking the conformance of the PLM is equivalent to checking the conformance of all the product models. However, we would like to avoid this naïve approach because it is not scalable due to the high number of models. In fact, it is even sometimes infeasible to calculate the number of product models of a PLM. Despite the importance of PLM conformance checking, very few research works have been published and tools do not adequately support it. In this paper, we present an approach that employs Constraint Logic Programming as a technology on which to build a PLM conformance checking solution. The paper demonstrates the approach with feature models, the de facto standard for modeling software product lines. Based on an extensive literature review and an empirical study, we identified a set of 9 conformance checking rules and implemented them on the GNU Prolog constraints solver. We evaluated our approach by applying our rules to 50 feature models of sizes up to 10000 features. The evaluation showed that our approach is effective and scalable to industry size models.
Multiple Paternity and Preliminary Population Genetics of Giant Pacific Octopuses, Enteroctopus dofleini, in Oregon, Washington and the Southeast Coast of Vancouver Island, BC

Abstract: A total of 77 giant Pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini , tissue samples were collected from the Oregon Coast (OR), Neah Bay Washington (NB), Puget Sound Washington (PS) and the southeast coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada (BC) for genetic analyses. A suite of eight variable microsatellite markers developed from giant Pacific octopuses were amplified in these samples to determine population diversity, structure, relatedness and paternity. The majority of loci met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations within each population. We found moderate genetic diversity (average observed heterozygosity = 0.445, range = 0.307–0.515 and average expected heterozygosity = 0.567, range = 0.506–0.696) and moderate population struct uring with distinct separation of groups ( F ST values ranged from 0.101 between BC and PS to 0.237 between BC and NB). Several egg strings from the BC population were collected from three female octopus dens for relatedness and paternity analyses. Results suggest strong support for multiple paternity within one egg clutch with progeny sired by between two to four males.