Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds.

BACKGROUND Zizyphus lotus seeds are an unutilized source of vegetable oil and protein and nothing has been reported on their physicochemical characteristics which would indicate the potential uses of these seeds. RESULTS The percentage composition of the Zizyphus lotus seeds is (on a dry-weight basis): ash 1.05%, oil 32.92%, protein 19.11%, total carbohydrate 40.87% and moisture 6.05%. Calcium, potassium and magnesium constitute the major minerals of Zizyphus lotus seeds. The seed proteins are rich in threonine, glutamic acid, leucine, arginine and aspartic acid (26.73%, 17.28%, 13.11%, 9.47% and 7.76%, respectively). The main fatty acids of the oil are oleic (61.93%), linoleic (18.31%) and palmitic (9.14%) acids. Glycerol trioleate (OOO; O: oleic acid) was the most abundant triacylglycerol, representing 26.48% of the total triacyglycerols. β-Tocopherol was the major tocopherol (130.47 mg 100 g(-1) ). This oil was rich in Δ7-campestrol and β-sitosterol (147.82 and 82.10 mg 100 g(-1) oil), respectively. CONCLUSION Zizyphus lotus seeds are rich in fat and protein which are of potential industrial significance. In addition, Zizyphus lotus L. seed oil contained many bioactive compounds. This fact is of great economic interest owing to several applications of Zizyphus lotus L. seeds in the food, cosmetics and medicinal industries.
N,N′-Bis(4-bromobenzylidene)butane-1,4-diamine

The molecule of the title Schiff base compound, C18H18Br2N2, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre and adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=N bond. In the crystal structure, molecules are linked into chains along [201] through intermolecular Br⋯Br interactions [3.3747 (3) Å], which are significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii for Br atoms (3.70 Å). The crystal structure is further stabilized by π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance 3.6811 (11) Å].
Can vacancies and their complexes with nonmetals prevent the lifetime reaching its intrinsic limit in silicon?

Recombination active defects are found in as-grown high-purity Czochralski (Cz) and Floating Zone (FZ) n-type silicon wafers. Due to their low concentrations, the observed defects are unlikely to be identified through Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) or Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), hence we use photoluminescence imaging, lifetime spectroscopy, and defect imaging along the ingot to help identify the defect(s). Our experimental findings suggest that vacancy-related complexes incorporated during ingot growth may be responsible for the decreased minority carrier lifetime.
Does the Fed's Unconventional Monetary Policy Weaken the Link between the Financial and the Real Sector?

After the global financial crisis, several central banks introduced unconventional monetary policies, such as QE. If QE increases asset prices, but does not boost the real economy to the same extent, the relationship between the financial and the real sector will weaken. This study investigates this issue for the US using the predictive power of the credit spread for future employment growth as measure for the strength of the real-financial link in a moving-window framework. Our results suggest that the real-financial link is lower during bubbles and recessions. We also find that the relationship weakened after the Fed introduced QE.
Minimizing Expected Loss of Hedging in Incomplete and Constrained Markets

We study the problem of minimizing the expected discounted loss $$ E\left[e^{-\int_0^Tr(u)du}( C- X^{x,\pi}(T))^+\right] $$ when hedging a liability C at time t=T, using an admissible portfolio strategy $\pi(\cdot)$ and starting with initial wealth x. The existence of an optimal solution is established in the context of continuous-time Ito process incomplete market models, by studying an appropriate dual problem. It is shown that the optimal strategy is of the form of a knock-out option with payoff C, where the "domain of the knock-out" depends on the value of the optimal dual variable. We also discuss a dynamic measure for the risk associated with the liability C, defined as the supremum over different scenarios of the minimal expected loss of hedging C.
Propylthiouracil increases sodium/iodide symporter gene expression and iodide uptake in rat thyroid cells in the absence of TSH.

BACKGROUND Propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) are drugs that are widely used to treat Graves' disease. Although both exert an antithyroid effect primarily by blocking thyroid peroxidase activity, their molecular structure and other actions are different. We hypothesized that PTU and MMI may have differential effects on thyroid-specific gene expression and function. METHODS The effects of PTU and MMI on thyroid-specific gene expression and function were examined in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells using DNA microarray, reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and radioiodine uptake studies. RESULTS DNA microarray analysis showed a marked increase in sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression after PTU treatment, whereas MMI had no effect. RT-PCR and real-time PCR analysis revealed that PTU-induced NIS mRNA levels were comparable to those elicited by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). PTU increased 5'-1880-bp and 5'-1052-bp activity of the rat NIS promoter. While PTU treatment also increased NIS protein levels, the size of the induced protein was smaller than that induced by TSH, and the protein localized predominantly in the cytoplasm rather than the plasma membrane. Accumulation of (125)I in FRTL-5 cells was increased by PTU stimulation, but this effect was weaker than that produced by TSH. CONCLUSIONS We found that PTU induces NIS expression and iodide uptake in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells in the absence of TSH. Although PTU and MMI share similar antithyroid activity, their effects on other thyroid functions appear to be quite different, which could affect their therapeutic effectiveness.
Loran Data Modulation: A Primer [AESS Tutorial IV]

Loran has provided navigation service since 1958. Though not originally designed with data broadcast capabilities, Loran's versatility has enabled data to be broadcast with great benefits. Research in the last two decades has resulted in a tremendous increase in the data capacity of Loran thereby increasing its utility. Currently, a modernized Loran is being evaluated for its capability to backup GPS and data modulation is an integral part of this Loran design. An overview and analysis of Loran modulation techniques is provided.
Prevalence of enterotoxigenicity in human and nonhuman isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica

A total of 414 cultures of Yersinia enterocolitica isolated from human and nonhuman sources were examined for heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) production to determine whether enterotoxigenicity was related to the source of isolation, serotype, or biochemical characteristics of the organism. A total of 65% of all cultures were found to produce ST. Enterotoxin production was much more prevalent in strains isolated from humans (218/232) than in those isolated from animals (17/34), water (9/49), raw milk (14/44), and food (10/55). Strains belonging to the serotypes O:3; 8; 5,27; 6,30; 9, often isolated from human infections, were almost always enterotoxigenic (191/196), although ST production was also highly prevalent among a few other serotypes. The most significant difference was observed between the groups that differed in the ability to ferment rhamnose; only 13 of 130 rhamnose-positive isolates produced ST (10%) compared to 255 of 284 rhamnose-negative cultures (90%). These results suggest that ST production is ubiquitous in Y. enterocolitica, with the highest prevalence among strains associated with human infections.
The beta‐globin dominant control region: hypersensitive site 2.

The Dominant Control Region (DCR) of the human beta‐globin gene locus consists of four strong hypersensitive sites (HSS) upstream of the epsilon‐globin gene. Addition of these sites confers copy number dependent expression on the human beta‐globin gene in murine erythroleukaemia cells and transgenic mice, at levels comparable with the endogenous mouse globin genes. We have shown previously that a 1.9 kb fragment comprising HSS 2 accounts for 40‐50% of the full effect of the DCR. In this paper we describe a deletional analysis of HSS 2. We show that a 225 bp fragment is sufficient to direct high levels of expression of the human beta‐globin gene which is copy number dependent and integration site independent. This 225 bp fragment overlaps the major region that is hypersensitive ‘in vivo’. DNase I footprinting shows the presence of four binding sites for the erythroid specific protein NF‐E1; the three other footprinted regions display a remarkable redundancy of the sequence GGTGG and bind a number of proteins including Sp1 and the CACC box protein. The significance of these results for the regulation of globin gene expression is discussed.
Divisions of Research & Statistics and Monetary Affairs Federal Reserve Board , Washington , D . C . The Bank as Grim Reaper : Debt Composition and Bankruptcy Thresholds

We offer a model and evidence that private debtholders play a key role in setting the endogenous asset value threshold below which corporations declare bankruptcy. The model, in the spirit of Black and Cox (1976), implies that the recovery rate at emergence from bankruptcy on all of the firm’s debt taken together is increasing in the pre-bankruptcy share of private debt in all debt. Empirical evidence supports this and other implications of the model. Indeed, debt composition has a more economically material empirical influence on recovery than all other variables we try taken together.
Price Dispersion When Stores Sell Multiple Goods

A notable feature of most markets is that firms are multiproduct, in the sense that they offer for sale more than one single type of good. In this paper, I discuss a recent paper, Kaplan et al. (2016), that explores both empirically and theoretically price dispersion in a multiproduct setting. I discuss, with some detail, their empirical strategy and main empirical findings: a big part of price dispersion for a good in an area comes from stores with the same overall price level pricing individual goods in persistently different ways. I then go over the simple model proposed by the authors that can make sense of the novel empirical finding.
Myoglobin O2 desaturation during exercise. Evidence of limited O2 transport.

The assumption that cellular oxygen pressure (PO2) is close to zero in maximally exercising muscle is essential for the hypothesis that O2 transport between blood and mitochondria has a finite conductance that determines maximum O2 consumption. The unique combination of isolated human quadriceps exercise, direct measures of arterial, femoral venous PO2, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to detect myoglobin desaturation enabled this assumption to be tested in six trained men while breathing room air (normoxic, N) and 12% O2 (hypoxic, H). Within 20 s of exercise onset partial myoglobin desaturation was evident even at 50% of maximum O2 consumption, was significantly greater in H than N, and was then constant at an average of 51 +/- 3% (N) and 60 +/- 3% (H) throughout the incremental exercise protocol to maximum work rate. Assuming a myoglobin PO2 where 50% of myoglobin binding sites are bound with O2 of 3.2 mmHg, myoglobin-associated PO2 averaged 3.1 +/- . 3 (N) and 2.1 +/- . 2 mmHg (H). At maximal exercise, measurements of arterial PO2 (115 +/- 4 [N] and 46 +/- 1 mmHg [H]) and femoral venous PO2 (22 +/- 1.6 [N] and 17 +/- 1.3 mmHg [H]) resulted in calculated mean capillary PO2 values of 38 +/- 2 (N) and 30 +/- 2 mmHg(H). Thus, for the first time, large differences in PO2 between blood and intracellular tissue have been demonstrated in intact normal human muscle and are found over a wide range of exercise intensities. These data are consistent with an O2 diffusion limitation across the 1-5-microns path-length from red cell to the sarcolemma that plays a role in determining maximal muscle O2 uptake in normal humans.
Signalling of Trichomonas vaginalis for amoeboid transformation and adhesin synthesis follows cytoadherence

The cytoadherence of Trichomonas vaginalis, the sexually transmitted flagellated protozoan, to vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) is the key to infection. Electron microscopy revealed that in vitro‐grown parasites having typical globular shape transformed rapidly after contact with VECs into thin, flat, amoeboid cells, maximizing the area of adhesion to the surface of VECs. Amoebic trichomonads formed filopodia and pseudopodia, which interdigitated at distinct sites on the plasma membrane of target cells. In contrast, the amoeboid transformation did not occur for T. vaginalis interacting with He La cells, the previously used in vitro host model cell. Initial parasitism of VECs by a single organism was followed by establishment of a monolayer of trichomonads on the host cell. Finally, parasites adhering to either VECs or HeLa cells were induced to synthesize greater amounts of the four previously described adhesins. Therefore, distinct signals after contact with either epithelial cell type leads to the morphological transformation and/or induction of adhesin synthesis by T. vaginalis.
Skin wound healing in different aged Xenopus laevis

Xenopus froglets can perfectly heal skin wounds without scarring. To explore whether this capacity is maintained as development proceeds, we examined the cellular responses during the repair of skin injury in 8‐ and 15‐month‐old Xenopus laevis. The morphology and sequence of healing phases (i.e., inflammation, new tissue formation, and remodeling) were independent of age, while the timing was delayed in older frogs. At the beginning of postinjury, wound re‐epithelialization occurred in form of a thin epithelium followed by a multilayered epidermis containing cells with apoptotic patterns and keratinocytes stained by anti‐inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antibody. The inflammatory response, early activated by recruitment of blood cells immunoreactive to anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, iNOS, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, persisted over time. The dermis repaired by a granulation tissue with extensive angiogenesis, inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and anti‐α‐SMA positive myofibroblasts. As the healing progressed, wounded areas displayed vascular regression, decrease in cellularity, and rearrangement of provisional matrix. The epidermis restored to a prewound morphology while granulation tissue was replaced by a fibrous tissue in a scar‐like pattern. The quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated an up‐regulated expression of Xenopus suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (XSOCS-3) and Xenopus transforming growth factor-β2 (XTGF-β2) soon after wounding and peak levels were detected when granulation tissue was well developed with a large number of inflammatory cells. The findings indicate that X. laevis skin wound healing occurred by a combination of regeneration (in epidermis) and repair (in dermis) and, in contrast to froglet scarless wound healing, the growth to a more mature adult stage is associated with a decrease in regenerative capacity with scar‐like tissue formation. J. Morphol. 274:956–964, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of Pax2‐Cre mice by modification of a Pax2 bacterial artificial chromosome

Summary: The Pax2 gene is expressed in the developing otocyst, kidney, and midbrain–hindbrain boundary. We generated Pax2‐Cre transgenic lines by modification of a Pax2 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). In one Pax2‐Cre line, Cre mRNA starts to be expressed in the otic placode at the late presomite stage. R26R reporter mouse analysis revealed that the Cre expression is sufficient to delete the loxP‐flanked sequences in most of the cells in the inner ear. Reporter‐positive cells are also detected in other Pax2‐expressing tissues such as midbrain, cerebellum, olfactory bulb, and kidney, suggesting that these cells are the descendants of Pax2‐expressing cells in these tissues and that Pax2‐Cre transgenic mice can delete genes efficiently in these tissues. genesis 38:195–199, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring Radical Innovation Projects from a Learning Perspective

This study widens the current state-of-the-art for improving teamwork in practice by enhancing personal and interpersonal learning competencies. The foundation for the study is obtained by conducting eight months of action research at five Lithuanian SMEs who followed Brix and Jakobsen‟s (2013) radical innovation method the „Creative Idea Solution (CIS) framework‟. As part of the authors‟ intervention, Lauridsen‟s (2012) updated version of the building excellence (BE) learning styles model (Dunn and Rundle, 2007) was implemented in the five innovation teams. The results represent important implications for organisations and teams in practice as well as they represent new insight to the innovation management literature and organisation science. Here, focus on improving organisational practice is starting to sprout and a scientific contribution is no longer the only imperative (Huber, 2011).
Investigations on the effect of dynamic fault on impulse fault current waveforms of transformer

A novel approach to investigate the changes in the temporal nature of impulse fault current in the transformer winding due to dynamic insulation failures has been proposed. Non-linear bilateral fault simulator circuit is developed and connected in analog model of 3MVA transformer to simulate static and dynamic faults. The features extracted from cross-correlation of faulted and no-fault impulse currents shows that the features are following some defined patterns. The concepts of cross-correlation based feature extraction and simulation of static and dynamic faults are explained.
“Tele-rounding” with a remotely controlled mobile robot in the neonatal intensive care unit

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of ‘tele-rounding’ in the neonatal intensive care. Methods: In this prospective study utilizing telemedicine technology in the NICU for daily patient bedside rounds (‘tele-rounds’), twenty pairs of neonates were matched according to gestational age, diagnoses, and disease severity. One patient was cared for by the on-site NICU team lead by an on-site neonatologist. The other patient was cared for by the on-site team but led by an off-site neonatologist using a remote-controlled robot. Patient rounding data, clinical outcomes, length of stay, and hospital costs were compared between the two groups. Parents and staff were also surveyed about their satisfaction with telemedicine. Results: Except for one parameter, no significant differences in care or outcomes were found between patients cared for by either neonatologist. The exception was the time the off-site neonatologist spent on the patient encounter compared to the on-site neonatologist (median [interquartile range]), (5 minutes [5, 6] vs. 8 minutes [7, 10.5], p = 0.002). This difference was due primarily to time needed to operate and maneuver the robot or occasionally to slower or dropped connection to the Internet. There were positive perceptions of telemedicine among both parents and NICU staff. Conclusion: As long as direct bedside care providers are available, remote-controlled, robotic telemedicine technology can be utilized by neonatologists to perform daily patient rounds in the neonatal intensive care unit.
A comparison of treadmill and arm-leg ergometry exercise testing for assessing exercise capacity in patients with peripheral arterial disease.

PURPOSE To compare the results of treadmill exercise testing (TM) to arm-leg ergometry testing (AL) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). METHODS Twelve men and 8 women with PAD (mean age, 62 +/- 10 years) completed a treadmill test and an arm-leg ergometer exercise test. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, rate-pressure product (x10(-3)), ratings of claudication and perceived exertion, and power were measured. RESULTS Peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, and rate-pressure product were similar between TM and AL. Exercise duration was longer and the peak power higher on the AL than on the TM. Claudication pain > or =3/4 was the reason for test termination in all subjects during TM test and in 13 subjects during AL. Nine patients discontinued due to severe claudication on both tests, but the pain occurred later in AL than TM. CONCLUSIONS Although peak oxygen uptake was similar between the 2 exercise tests, patients with PAD exercised longer and to a higher peak power during the AL. These data suggest that the AL test may be used to evaluate peak exercise capacity in patients with PAD. The AL may also provide an alternate method for detecting PAD and coronary heart disease.
Key Findings from Preclinical and Clinical Drug Interaction Studies Presented in New Drug and Biological License Applications Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2014

Regulatory approval documents contain valuable information, often not published, to assess the drug–drug interaction (DDI) profile of newly marketed drugs. This analysis aimed to systematically review all drug metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetics, and DDI data available in the new drug applications and biologic license applications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014, using the University of Washington Drug Interaction Database, and to highlight the significant findings. Among the 30 new drug applications and 11 biologic license applications reviewed, 35 new molecular entities (NMEs) were well characterized with regard to drug metabolism, transport, and/or organ impairment and were fully analyzed in this review. In vitro, a majority of the NMEs were found to be substrates or inhibitors/inducers of at least one drug metabolizing enzyme or transporter. In vivo, when NMEs were considered as victim drugs, 16 NMEs had at least one in vivo DDI study with a clinically significant change in exposure (area under the time-plasma concentration curve or Cmax ratio ≥2 or ≤0.5), with 6 NMEs shown to be sensitive substrates of cytochrome P450 enzymes (area under the time-plasma concentration curve ratio ≥5 when coadministered with potent inhibitors): paritaprevir and naloxegol (CYP3A), eliglustat (CYP2D6), dasabuvir (CYP2C8), and tasimelteon and pirfenidone (CYP1A2). As perpetrators, seven NMEs showed clinically significant inhibition involving both enzymes and transporters, although no clinically significant induction was observed. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and pharmacogenetics studies were used for six and four NMEs, respectively, to optimize dosing recommendations in special populations and/or multiple impairment situations. In addition, the pharmacokinetic evaluations in patients with hepatic or renal impairment provided useful quantitative information to support drug administration in these fragile populations.
A novel voltage doubler rectifier for high output voltage applications

By integrating a novel voltage doubler rectifier with a classical current-fed converter, a current-fed push-pull boost converter with voltage doubler (CFBCVD) is presented. In addition to having a non-pulsating input current, recovery of the secondary leakage energy, low output capacitor current ripple, much lower rectifier diode voltage stress, and much higher voltage gain can be obtained. These characteristics make it desirable for high frequency high efficiency high output-voltage applications. To demonstrate its feasibility, a 150 kHz, 36–75V input and 400V/400W output power converter is implemented and tested.