Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fast Mode Decision in the HEVC Video Coding Standard by Exploiting Region with Dominated Motion and Saliency Features

The emerging High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard introduces a number of innovative and powerful coding tools to acquire better compression efficiency compared to its predecessor H.264. The encoding time complexities have also increased multiple times that is not suitable for realtime video coding applications. To address this limitation, this paper employs a novel coding strategy to reduce the time complexity in HEVC encoder by efficient selection of appropriate block-partitioning modes based on human visual features (HVF). The HVF in the proposed technique comprise with human visual attention modelling-based saliency feature and phase correlation-based motion features. The features are innovatively combined through a fusion process by developing a content-based adaptive weighted cost function to determine the region with dominated motion/saliency (RDMS)- based binary pattern for the current block. The generated binary pattern is then compared with a codebook of predefined binary pattern templates aligned to the HEVC recommended block-paritioning to estimate a subset of inter-prediction modes. Without exhaustive exploration of all modes available in the HEVC standard, only the selected subset of modes are motion estimated and motion compensated for a particular coding unit. The experimental evaluation reveals that the proposed technique notably down-scales the average computational time of the latest HEVC reference encoder by 34% while providing similar rate-distortion (RD) performance for a wide range of video sequences.
Gapped quantum phases for the S=1 spin chain with D2h symmetry

We study different quantum phases in integer spin systems with on-site D 2 h = D 2 ⊗ Z 2 and translation symmetry. We ﬁnd four distinct nontrivial phases in S = 1 spin chains despite the fact that they all have the same symmetry. All four phases have gapped bulk excitations, doubly degenerate end states, and the doubly degenerate entanglement spectrum. These nontrivial phases are examples of symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases introduced by Gu and Wen [Phys. Rev. B 80 , 155131 (2009)]. One of the SPT phases corresponds to the Haldane phase and the other three are new. These four SPT phases can be distinguished experimentally by their different responses of the end states to weak external magnetic ﬁelds. According to the Chen–Gu–Wen classiﬁcation, the D 2 h symmetric spin chain can have a total of 64 SPT phases that do not break the symmetry. Here we constructed seven nontrivial phases from the seven classes of nontrivial projective representations of the D 2 h group. Four of these are found in S = 1 spin chains and studied in this paper.
Association Mapping of Main Tomato Fruit Sugars and Organic Acids

Association mapping has been widely used to map the significant associated loci responsible for natural variation in complex traits and are valuable for crop improvement. Sugars and organic acids are the most important metabolites in tomato fruits. We used a collection of 174 tomato accessions composed of Solanum lycopersicum (123 accessions) and S. lycopersicum var cerasiforme (51 accessions) to detect significantly associated loci controlling the variation of main sugars and organic acids. The accessions were genotyped with 182 SSRs spreading over the tomato genome. Association mapping was conducted on the main sugars and organic acids detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) over 2 years using the mixed linear model (MLM). We detected a total of 58 significantly associated loci (P < 0.001) for the 17 sugars and organic acids, including fructose, glucose, sucrose, citric acid, malic acid. These results not only co-localized with several reported QTLs, including fru9.1/PV, suc9.1/PV, ca2.1/HS, ca3.1/PV, ca4.1/PV, and ca8.1/PV, but also provided a list of candidate significantly associated loci to be functionally validated. These significantly associated loci could be used for deciphering the genetic architecture of tomato fruit sugars and organic acids and for tomato quality breeding.
Assembly of the mammalian muscle acetylcholine receptor in transfected COS cells

We have investigated the mechanisms of assembly and transport to the cell surface of the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in transiently transfected COS cells. In cells transfected with all four subunit cDNAs, AChR was expressed on the surface with properties resembling those seen in mouse muscle cells (Gu, Y., A. F. Franco, Jr., P.D. Gardner, J. B. Lansman, J. R. Forsayeth, and Z. W. Hall. 1990. Neuron. 5:147-157). When incomplete combinations of AChR subunits were expressed, surface binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin was not detected except in the case of alpha beta gamma which expressed less than 15% of that seen with all four subunits. Immunoprecipitation and sucrose gradient sedimentation experiments showed that in cells expressing pairs of subunits, alpha delta and alpha gamma heterodimers were formed, but alpha beta was not. When three subunits were expressed, alpha delta beta and alpha gamma beta complexes were formed. Variation of the ratios of the four subunit cDNAs used in the transfection mixture showed that surface AChR expression was decreased by high concentrations of delta or gamma cDNAs in a mutually competitive manner. High expression of delta or gamma subunits also each inhibited formation of a heterodimer with alpha and the other subunit. These results are consistent with a defined pathway for AChR assembly in which alpha delta and alpha gamma heterodimers are formed first, followed by association with the beta subunit and with each other to form the complete AChR.
Mediated spatiotemporal fusion of multiple cardiac magnetic resonance datasets for patient-specific perfusion analysis

Patient-specific correlation of perfusion defects and coronary arteries responsible for blood supply in the affected territories has the potential to improve accuracy of diagnosis and intervention planning, but cardiac cycle phase difference between perfusion and angiography datasets precludes the use of standard methods of 2D/3D registration. This paper presents a work-flow for mediated spatiotemporal registration of perfusion series and angiography volumes; the solution of the registration problem relies on the use of the 4D wall motion series as a mediator for non-rigid registration of perfusion and angiography datasets. The work-flow assumes the availability of the localised/segmented main coronary arteries in the angiography dataset. Results of evaluation on clinical data show the utility of the method in perfusion analysis while highlighting its potential applicability to other areas of cardiac image analysis.
A New Measure of Image Enhancement

A novel quantitative measure of image enhancement is presented. This measure is related with conceps of the Webers Low of the human visual system. This article also offers a new class of the frequency domain based parametric image enhancement algorithms for the object detection and visualization. A number of experimental results is illustrated the performance of these algorithms. Particularly the quantitative measure has helped to select (automatically) optimal processing parameters: the best parameters and transform. The comparative analysis of transforms based image enhancement algorithms is described.
Semisupervised Pedestrian Counting With Temporal and Spatial Consistencies

Determining the number of pedestrians from video surveillance has become a very important task in recent years. Available techniques in support of this task include regression-based approaches, which have shown a satisfactory performance in estimating this number from a crowd of pedestrians. However, most of these approaches suffer from treating a surveillance video as a sequence of separate frames, resulting in some temporal information being lost. To address this issue, this paper proposes a semisupervised methodology to extract temporal consistency in a continuous sequence of unlabeled frames. In addition to the temporal consistency, this paper also employs spatial consistency in the sum of pedestrians in subgroups, or subblobs, to determine the total number of pedestrians, or the ground truth. This is effectively achieved by incorporating regularization terms in the objective function to account for temporal and spatial consistencies. The experimental results show that the proposed technique, based on temporal and spatial consistencies, is more robust and can be trained with relatively few labeled frames (e.g., ten frames).
Reducing computational effort for plagiarism detection by using citation characteristics to limit retrieval space

This paper proposes a hybrid approach to plagiarism detection in academic documents that integrates detection methods using citations, semantic argument structure, and semantic word similarity with character-based methods to achieve a higher detection performance for disguised plagiarism forms. Currently available software for plagiarism detection exclusively performs text string comparisons. These systems find copies, but fail to identify disguised plagiarism, such as paraphrases, translations, or idea plagiarism. Detection approaches that consider semantic similarity on word and sentence level exist and have consistently achieved higher detection accuracy for disguised plagiarism forms compared to character-based approaches. However, the high computational effort of these semantic approaches makes them infeasible for use in real-world plagiarism detection scenarios. The proposed hybrid approach uses citation-based methods as a preliminary heuristic to reduce the retrieval space with a relatively low loss in detection accuracy. This preliminary step can then be followed by a computationally more expensive semantic and character-based analysis. We show that such a hybrid approach allows semantic plagiarism detection to become feasible even on large collections for the first time.
Middleware support for delay-tolerant service provision in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks

The service-oriented approach is known to be adequate for building distributed applications for mobile ad hoc networks, and a number of successful research works using this approach in routed MANETs have already been conducted. Yet, providing support for service-oriented applications poses specific problems in disconnected MANETs where end-to-end connectivity is not guaranteed. This paper presents a prototype Java middleware support for delay- tolerant service provision in disconnected MANETs. It first describes the lower layer of this middleware, which implements a protocol for document dissemination that leverages on delay-tolerant, opportunistic and content-based communication. It then explains how service discovery and service invocation mechanisms can be implemented on top of this protocol. Finally, simulation results are presented, which show that this approach gives good results compared with an alternative approach that consists in exploiting single-hop interactions between service providers and service clients.
Schneider Membrane Elevation in Presence of Sinus Septa: Anatomic Features and Surgical Management

Maxillary sinus floor elevation via a lateral approach is a predictable technique to increase bone volume of the edentulous posterior maxilla and consequently for dental implants placement. The sinus floor is elevated and it can be augmented with either autologous or xenogeneic bone grafts following an opening bone window created on the facial buccal wall. Maxillary septa are walls of cortical bone within the maxillary sinus. The septa shape has been described as an inverted gothic arch arising from the inferior or lateral walls of the sinus and may even divide the sinus into two or more cavities. Some authors have reported a higher prevalence of septa in atrophic edentulous areas than in nonatrophic ones. Radiographic identification of these structures is important in order to perform the right design of the lateral window during sinus lift. Aim of this investigation is to highlight the correct steps for doing sinus lift surgery in presence of those anatomic variations. Clinicians should always perform clinical and radiographic diagnosis in order to avoid complications related to the sinus lift surgery.
Orthodox Artistic Culture as a Traditional Means of Sacralization of Basic Social Ideals

This paper studies the phenomenon of a canonical orthodox icon-painting as a historically unaltered sacral space, which has operational characteristics of a sacralization system while semioticfigurative structure of this space contains information on values of orthodox religion. А role icon-painting has played in the life of the Russian nation (in retrospective) and a part icon-painting plays in present-day social and cultural space were both studied. And finally, problems of modern icon-painting and a part icon-painting plays in formation of a positive national and religious identity, peculiarities of one’s perception of icon-painted characters were all studied in this paper. The topic covered is currently important due to sacralization of mass culture values and global desacralization (secularization) of values which are important to religious communities such as justice, generosity, conciliarism, patriotism, love, loyalty and others. Main method used is literature review of recent (up to date) studies on this topic. A critical analysis of Russian and foreign literature sources published during the last 10-15 years was carried out, with focus on system of basic cultural ideals’ sacralization. A brief review of major “sacral theories” is presented, as well as a brief review and a critical analysis of recent papers on the topic. It is inferred that the sacral art is able to resist desacralization of basic generally valid values and promote re-sacralizing of objects, which have historically lost their sacral meaning. This fact, in its turn, contributes to the establishment of generally valid values of the nation and formation of a positive national and religious identity.
Algebraic Geometric Comparison of Probability Distributions

We propose a novel algebraic algorithmic framework for dealing with probability distributions represented by their cumulants such as the mean and covariance matrix. As an example, we consider the unsupervised learning problem of finding the subspace on which several probability distributions agree. Instead of minimizing an objective function involving the estimated cumulants, we show that by treating the cumulants as elements of the polynomial ring we can directly solve the problem, at a lower computational cost and with higher accuracy. Moreover, the algebraic viewpoint on probability distributions allows us to invoke the theory of algebraic geometry, which we demonstrate in a compact proof for an identifiability criterion.
A Novel Facial Feature Localization and Extraction Method

This paper proposed a novel framework of facial feature localization and extraction method for images in the presence of various face conditions. Based on Gaussian skin-color model in the bootstrap algorithm and a light filtration method, the face mask is firstly constructed while using Gaussian skin-color model through the bootstrap process, and the clear facial feature is gained by utilizing the light filtration method. By identifying the global facial feature from above steps, the adaptive light filtration is used again in order to get better performance of single facial feature localization and extraction. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in complicated situation.
Three-Dimensional Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Plenoptic Camera

A novel 3-D, 3-C PIV technique is described, based on volume illumination and a plenoptic camera to measure a velocity field. The technique is based on plenoptic photography, which uses a dense microlens array mounted near a camera sensor to sample the spatial and angular distribution of light entering the camera. Various algorithms are then used to reconstruct a volumetric intensity field after the image is taken, and cross-correlation algorithms extract the velocity field from the reconstructed volume. This paper provides an introduction to the concepts of light fields and plenoptic photography, and describes the algorithms used to reconstruct the measurement volume. A comparison is made between the use of a combined computational refocusing and thresholding approach versus a direct tomographic reconstruction approach. This discussion lays the groundwork for a more detailed study of reconstruction accuracy, achieveable particle number density, reconstruction ambiguities (e.g., ghost particles), and other factors in a following study. Additionally, the construction of a prototype camera based on a 16-megapixel interline CCD sensor is described and preliminary experimental renderings are given.
Reconfiguration for power saving in real-time motion estimation

Motion estimation presents a class of algorithms well-suited to reconfigurable hardware due to their variable computational load, highly structured array architectures, robust reduced complexity algorithms, and a motivation for low power implementations in portable video products. Motion estimation is the most computationally demanding part of video compression algorithms and hence usually requires hardware support for real-time implementation. However, dedicated hardware usually requires that the algorithm and most of its parameters be hardwired. Reconfigurable hardware based on FPGAs allows the parallelism of hardware implementations with the flexibility of software. The statistics of motion vectors can be monitored on a frame by frame basis to choose appropriate algorithm and hardware configurations. Unlike some proposed applications of dynamic reconfiguration, this rate can easily be supported by existing FPGA technology. Another novel aspect of this work is that we use power savings as a motivation for the reconfiguration. Although FPGAs are not a very power efficient technology; careful design of array architectures can allow power to be saved by avoiding unnecessary computation by adjusting the search area according to the changing characteristics of an input video signal. Another more general result is that further power saving can be achieved by utilizing free FPGA resources as local memory to avoid power-hungry off-chip communication. Practical implementation issues using Xilinx 6200 series FPGAs are also discussed.
Multiprocessor preprocessing algorithms for uniprocessor on-line scheduling

H. Chetto and M. Chetto (1989) presented an algorithm for the online admission control and run-time scheduling of aperiodic real-time jobs in preemptive uniprocessor environments that are executing systems of periodic hard real-time tasks. This algorithm requires a significant degree of preprocessing of the system of periodic tasks - in general, this preprocessing takes a time that is exponential in the representation of the periodic task system. In this paper, we develop techniques for speeding up the preprocessing phase of the Chetto & Chetto algorithm, by adapting it for implementation in parallel environments. We validate the effectiveness of our parallelization both by theoretical results and through simulation experiments.
An Approach To Navigation For Lunar Rover Based On Virtual Reality Technology

This paper presented a method for navigation of lunar rover. This method used the real lunar data to model the virtual terrain. In addition, its path is planned using a knowledge based genetic algorithm accounting for uncertainty of modeling and sensor data. This method overcomes the invalid problem of past methods in complicated rough terrain to plan path. Simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm in path planning for lunar rover.
The prognostic effects of tumor infiltrating regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells assessed by multicolor flow cytometry in gastric cancer patients

The prognostic effects of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), especially regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid derived suppressing cells (MDSCs) are inconclusive in gastric cancers. We investigated the frequencies of TILs including CD8+ T cells, CD45+CD4+CD25± FOXP3+ Tregs, CD45+CD11b+ CD14+ HLA−DR− MDSCs in 28 gastric cancer tissues by using multicolor flow cytometry. In gastric cancer tissue, the percentage of Tregs among the CD4+ T cell subset was substantially increased compared to that of Tregs among peripheral blood CD4+ T cells from the controls. High frequency of CD8+ T cells among CD3+ T cells correlated with increased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.005). High frequency of Tregs among CD4+ T cells correlated with increased OS (p < 0.001), and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.039) and was an independent prognostic factor in OS (Hazard ratio: 0.047; 95% confidence interval, 0.006-0.372; p = 0.004). High frequency of MDSCs among total examined cells correlated with decreased OS (p = 0.027) and was an independent prognostic factor in OS (Hazard ratio 8.601; 95% confidence interval, 1.240-59.678; p = 0.029). We have demonstrated that high levels of Tregs among tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells were favorable, but an increased proportion of MDSCs was an adverse independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer. Our results may provide important insights for future immunotherapy in gastric cancer.
A more detailed look at the opacities for enriched carbon and oxygen mixtures

We have included opacity tables in our stellar evolution code that enable us to model accurately the structure of stars composed of mixtures with carbon and oxygen independently enhanced relative to solar. We present tests to demonstrate the effects of the new tables. Two of these are practical examples: the effect on the evolution of a thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch star and a Wolf-Rayet star. The changes are small but perceptible.
Web Service Compensation at Runtime: Formal Modeling and Verification Using the Event-B Refinement and Proof Based Formal Method

One of the key interests in web services is the ability to compose them in order to build more powerful and complex ones running in an interoperable and distributed setting. Several languages, like BPEL, that describe such services have been proposed. Similar to the usual complex systems, web service compositions may exhibit inappropriate behaviors in the presence of failures. Compensation mechanisms are available to express running services recovery in case of failures. This paper addresses the problem of the correct design of web service compositions in case of failures. It presents a novel correct-by-construction formal approach based on refinement using the Event-B method. The proposed approach defines a compensation mechanism to repair failed services at runtime. It addresses not only behavioral aspects but also, functional ones through the introduction of repairing invariants whose persistence is enforced during compensation at runtime. Different compensation scenarios and modes are addressed. A formal model for equivalent, degraded and upgraded service compensations relying on the Event-B formalization is defined. The proposal is illustrated on a case study.