Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of antibodies to EB virus and other herpesviruses.

Serum samples from 224 children of low socioeconomic status and from 281 children and 120 young adults of high socioeconomic status were evaluated for immunofluorescent antibodies to EB virus and for complement-fixing antibodies to herpes simplex virus and to cytomegalovirus. Regardless of socioeconomic status, approximately 45% of children 7 to 24 months of age were found to have antibody to EB virus, and by 4 to 7 years of age, the percentage of children with antibody approximated that of 73% to 90% found in the adults. Children of a low socioeconomic status had a slightly higher prevalence of EB antibody, and a markedly higher prevalence of herpes simplex antibody, than those of a high socioeconomic status. This study indicates that infection with EB virus occurs much earlier and more commonly in children than infections with herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus do.
Part 6: Operational Engines

The goal of the GALE Program is to empower the warfighter through the use of language technologies. In order to accomplish this goal, the technologies must be integrated into operational engines that meet the needs of both warfighters and those who support them. That integration imperative leads directly to the two key parts of this chapter: how to perform that integration, and assessing how well we have met operational needs. The chapter begins with a look at the deployment history over the past decade and a half for speech and language technologies in operational environments. As Kathleen Egan and Allen Sears (Section 6.2.1) explain, this has been an evolutionary process driven by an increasingly rich understanding of warfighter needs. The second contribution provides details on the design of an operational engine that has recently been deployed in operational environments around the world, including in direct support of operational forces in the field. As Daniel Kiecza and his colleagues (Section 6.2.2) explain, meeting the need for responsive and accurate performance by integrating systems that each have a different development heritage can be a substantial undertaking, sometimes requiring development of new technologies. As an example of that process, Amit Srivastava and Daniel Kiecza (Section 6.2.3) describe the development of a new technique for establishing sentence boundaries during speech recognition that substantially improves the latency for subsequent translation of the recognized speech. The integration challenge in GALE extends well beyond pairing components, however. John Pitrelli and his colleagues (Section 6.2.4) introduce the full scope of the challenge by describing the GALE Interoperability Demonstration (IOD) system. Coordinating real-time processing by eleven different types of language technologies would be a substantial undertaking under any circumstances; doing so in a distributed manner using the facilities of seven research groups spread over thousands of miles in three countries raises the challenge to an entirely new level. But, it is exactly that level at which we must learn to work if we are to learn how best to integrate the diverse language technologies that we are now able to create. The core technology behind the GALE IOD system is the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA), a flexible integration platform designed to meet the unique demands of distributed language processing. Eric Nyberg (Section 6.2.5) and his colleagues describe how UIMA-enabled components can be shared using GALE’s UIMA Component Repository (UCR), and how individual researchers can flexibly configure entire UIMA processing environments using GALE’s UMIA Component Container (UCC).
Hardness results for approximate hypergraph coloring

(MATH) Guruswami et al [6] show the hardness of coloring <i>2</i>-colorable <i>4</i>-uniform hypergraphs on <i>n</i> vertices with ω(<sup>log log <i>n</i></sup> \over <sub>log log log <i>n</i>}</sub>) colors assuming NP $\not\subseteq$ DTIME(<i>n</i><sup><i>O</i> log log <i>n</i>)</sup>). We obtain a stronger hardness result for approximate coloring of <i>p</i>-colorable <i>4</i>-uniform hypergraphs for any fixed integer <i>p</i> &rhoe; 7. We prove that there exists an absolute constant <i>c</i> ρ 0 such that for every fixed integer <i>p</i> &rhoe; 7, it is hard to color a <i>p</i>-colorable <i>4</i>-uniform hypergraph with (log <i>n</i>)<sup>cp</sup> colors assuming NP $\not \subseteq$ DTIME(2<sup>(log <i>n</i>)<sup>O(1)</sup></sup>). This work builds on the idea of "covering complexity" of probabilistically checkable proof systems (PCPs) developed in [6] and we introduce some new techniques as well. Firstly, we define a new code which we call the Split Code. This is a variation of the Long Code, but much shorter in length and it reduces the proof size significantly. Split Codes enable us to exploit the special structure of the "outer PCP verifier" constructed via Raz's Parallel Repetition Theorem [18]. Secondly, we make a novel use of the Split Codes over the domain <i>GF</i>(<i>p</i>) for a prime <i>p</i>. Working over non-boolean domain in fact makes our proof technically simpler than the proof of Guruswami at al [6].
Extreme Scale Plasma Turbulence Simulations on Top Supercomputers Worldwide

The goal of the extreme scale plasma turbulence studies described in this paper is to expedite the delivery of reliable predictions on confinement physics in large magnetic fusion systems by using world-class supercomputers to carry out simulations with unprecedented resolution and temporal duration. This has involved architecture-dependent optimizations of performance scaling and addressing code portability and energy issues, with the metrics for multi-platform comparisons being “time-to-solution” and “energy-to-solution”. Realistic results addressing how confinement losses caused by plasma turbulence scale from present-day devices to the much larger $25 billion international ITER fusion facility have been enabled by innovative advances in the GTC-P code including (i) implementation of one-sided communication from MPI 3.0 standard; (ii) creative optimization techniques on Xeon Phi processors; and (iii) development of a novel performance model for the key kernels of the PIC code. Results show that modeling data movement is sufficient to predict performance on modern supercomputer platforms.
Activity-Dependent Expression of Acyl-Coenzyme A-Binding Protein in Retinal Muller Glial Cells Evoked by Optokinetic Stimulation

Long-term horizontal optokinetic stimulation (HOKS) decreases the gain of the horizontal optokinetic reflex and evokes the second phase of optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN-II). We investigated the possible molecular constituents of this adaptation. We used a differential display reverse transcriptase-PCR screen for mRNAs isolated from retinas of rabbits that received HOKS. In each rabbit, we compared mRNAs from the retina stimulated in the posterior→anterior (preferred) direction with mRNAs from the retina stimulated in the anterior→posterior (null) direction. Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) mRNA was one of four mRNAs selected by this screen, the proteins of which interact with GABA receptors. HOKS in the preferred direction increased ACBP mRNA transcription and ACBP protein expression. ACBP was localized to Muller glial cells by hybridization histochemistry and by immunohistochemistry. ACBP interacts with the α1-subunit of the GABAA receptor, as determined by a yeast two-hybrid technique. This interaction was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation of ACBP and the α1-subunit of the GABAA receptor using an antibody to GABAAα1. The interaction was also confirmed by a “pull-down” assay in which histidine-tagged ACBP was used to pull down the GABAAα1. ACBP does not cross the blood–brain barrier. However, smaller truncated proteolytic fragments of ACBP do, increasing the excitability of central cortical neurons. Muller cells may secrete ACBP in the inner plexiform layer, thereby decreasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors expressed on the surface of ganglion cell dendrites. Because retinal directional sensitivity is linked to GABAergic transmission, HOKS-induced expression of ACBP could provide a molecular basis for adaptation to HOKS and for the genesis of OKAN-II.
Design and evaluation of injectable niclosamide nanocrystals prepared by wet media milling technique

Abstract Niclosamide is an anthelmintic drug that also demonstrates great potential in fighting against cancers. However, parenteral delivery of niclosamide is challenged due to its insoluble property. This study aimed to develop an injectable formulation for niclosamide using nanocrystals. Niclosamide nanocrystals were prepared by wet media milling technique and characterized by electronic microscopes, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffractometry and drug release, etc. The resulting nanocrystals using Tween 80 as the stabilizer were approximately 235 nm in particle size and showed a satisfactory stability. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that there was no significant difference in plasma concentration-time profiles between nanocrystals and the control formulation (i.e. drug solution). By contrast, a significant difference in tissue distribution was observed at 2 h. Further, niclosamide nanocrystals presented a comparable antitumor effect to the drug solution against EC9076 cell line. We concluded that the nanocrystal formulation with solution-like behaviors should be a promising choice for intravenous delivery of niclosamide.
Rates of genomic divergence in humans, chimpanzees and their lice

The rate of DNA mutation and divergence is highly variable across the tree of life. However, the reasons underlying this variation are not well understood. Comparing the rates of genetic changes between hosts and parasite lineages that diverged at the same time is one way to begin to understand differences in genetic mutation and substitution rates. Such studies have indicated that the rate of genetic divergence in parasites is often faster than that of their hosts when comparing single genes. However, the variation in this relative rate of molecular evolution across different genes in the genome is unknown. We compared the rate of DNA sequence divergence between humans, chimpanzees and their ectoparasitic lice for 1534 protein-coding genes across their genomes. The rate of DNA substitution in these orthologous genes was on average 14 times faster for lice than for humans and chimpanzees. In addition, these rates were positively correlated across genes. Because this correlation only occurred for substitutions that changed the amino acid, this pattern is probably produced by similar functional constraints across the same genes in humans, chimpanzees and their ectoparasites.
Large-Scale Data-Dependent Kernel Approximation

Learning a computationally efficient kernel from data is an important machine learning problem. The majority of kernels in the literature do not leverage the geometry of the data, and those that do are computationally infeasible for contemporary datasets. Recent advances in approximation techniques have expanded the applicability of the kernel methodology to scale linearly with the data size. Data-dependent kernels, which could leverage this computational advantage, have however not yet seen the benefit. Here we derive an approximate large-scale learning procedure for data-dependent kernels that is efficient and performs well in practice. We provide a Lemma that can be used to derive the asymptotic convergence of the approximation in the limit of infinite random features, and, under certain conditions, an estimate of the convergence speed. We empirically prove that our construction represents a valid, yet efficient approximation of the data-dependent kernel. For large-scale datasets of millions of datapoints, where the proposed method is now applicable for the first time, we notice a significant performance boost over both baselines consisting of data independent kernels and of kernel approximations, at comparable computational cost. (Less)
A Computational Model of Limb Impedance Control Based on Principles of Internal Model Uncertainty

Efficient human motor control is characterized by an extensive use of joint impedance modulation, which is achieved by co-contracting antagonistic muscles in a way that is beneficial to the specific task. While there is much experimental evidence available that the nervous system employs such strategies, no generally-valid computational model of impedance control derived from first principles has been proposed so far. Here we develop a new impedance control model for antagonistic limb systems which is based on a minimization of uncertainties in the internal model predictions. In contrast to previously proposed models, our framework predicts a wide range of impedance control patterns, during stationary and adaptive tasks. This indicates that many well-known impedance control phenomena naturally emerge from the first principles of a stochastic optimization process that minimizes for internal model prediction uncertainties, along with energy and accuracy demands. The insights from this computational model could be used to interpret existing experimental impedance control data from the viewpoint of optimality or could even govern the design of future experiments based on principles of internal model uncertainty.
Eccentric-Disk Models for the Nucleus of M31

We construct dynamical models of the "double" nucleus of M31 in which the nucleus consists of an eccentric disk of stars orbiting a central black hole. The principal approximation in these models is that the disk stars travel in a Keplerian potential; i.e., we neglect the mass of the disk relative to the black hole. We consider both "aligned" models, in which the eccentric disk lies in the plane of the large-scale M31 disk, and "nonaligned" models, in which the orientation of the eccentric disk is fitted to the data. Both types of model can reproduce the double structure and overall morphology seen in Hubble Space Telescope photometry. In comparison with the best available ground-based spectroscopy, the models reproduce the asymmetric rotation curve, the peak height of the dispersion profile, and the qualitative behavior of the Gauss-Hermite coefficients h3 and h4. Aligned models fail to reproduce the observation that the surface brightness at P1 is higher than at P2 and yield significantly poorer fits to the kinematics; thus, we favor nonaligned models. Eccentric-disk models fitted to ground-based spectroscopy are used to predict the kinematics observed at much higher resolution by the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope, and we find generally satisfactory agreement.
LIBERTY HORSES (A NOVEL): NARRATIVE AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS IN POSTMODERN ENGLISH AND AMERICAN TEXTS

This thesis comprises an original work of fiction, entitled Liberty Horses, and a commentary which explores and compares postmodern English and American fiction, locating my own creative writing practice in that field of contemporary writing. My original work of fiction, Liberty Horses, is divided into two parts, being `Part One: Liberty Horses' and `Part Two: Dreamland'. The critical section of this thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter One, `American Postmodernism', shows how American writers, such as Richard Brautigan, William Gaddis and Don DeLillo, continually re-interpreted American fiction in regard to its Anglo-American tradition and explored the nature of Consumerism and Corporatism within American society and how such writers refuted the implications and ideals of the American Dream. Chapter Two, `English Postmodernism', examines the development of postmodern theories within English fiction. In particular it discusses the ideas of History and Myth, as employed by such writers as Ian McEwan, Graham Swift, Peter Ackroyd, Angela Carter and Christine Brooke-Rose. The chapter also discusses the part played by the Booker Prize in the rise in commercial popularity of these writers as well as the acceptance of postmodern writing within a wider readership. Chapter Three, ̀The Making of Liberty Horses', explores the ideas which went into the creation of my novel, namely the image of the circus, paranoia and social, political and sexual impotence, as well as the writers, including Patricia Duncker, Richard Brautigan and Don DeLillo and other artists, namely Andy Warhol, David Lynch and Wim Wenders, who directly influenced the work.
Detection and characterization of avian nephritis virus in ducklings

The first evidence of avian nephritis virus (ANV) in ducks is described. A diagnostic investigation was performed on three duck farms in Croatia. Samples from dead-in-shell ducklings and ducklings aged 30 days were collected and prepared for molecular and histopathological examination. Intestinal and liver samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of ANV, duck enteritis virus, duck hepatitis virus 1 and Derzsy's disease virus. Multiple tissues were collected for histological examination and lesions were found to be confined to the kidney and intestine. Moderate focal interstitial and periglomerular mononuclear cell infiltrates (mostly lymphocytes and plasma cells) were detected in the kidney. The duodenum showed rather diffuse pericryptal mononuclear cell hyperplasia (lymphocytes) and fibroplasia. ANV was detected by PCR in all the intestinal samples, while no other viruses were found. Sequence comparisons of the portion of the open reading frame 1b encoding the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene confirmed that the virus detected and sequenced from ducklings shared high nucleotide and amino acid identities with ANV-1. Additional work is required to determine the clinicopathological significance of ANV infection in ducks.
Tournaments with many Hamilton cycles

The object of interest is the maximum number, h(n), of Hamilton cycles in an n-tournament. By considering the expected number of Hamilton cycles in various classes of random tournaments, we obtain new asymptotic lower bounds on h(n). The best result so far is approximately 2.85584. times the expected number g(n) of Hamilton cycles in a random n-tournament, and it is conjectured that h(n) ∼ cg(n) where c ≈ 2.855958. The same statements hold for Hamilton paths. AMS Classifications: 05A16, 05C30, 05C80, 05C38, 05D40
Selectivity Estimation Without the Attribute Value Independence Assumption

The result size of a query that involves multiple attributes from the same relation depends on these attributes’joinr data distribution, i.e., the frequencies of all combinations of attribute values. To simplify the estimation of that size, most commercial systems make the artribute value independenceassumption and maintain statistics (typically histograms) on individual attributes only. In reality, this assumption is almost always wrong and the resulting estimations tend to be highly inaccurate. In this paper, we propose two main alternatives to effectively approximate (multi-dimensional) joint data distributions. (a) Using a multi-dimensional histogram, (b) Using the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) technique from linear algebra. An extensive set of experiments demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches and the benefits of both compared to the independence assumption.
Realizing The Value Of Mobile Services - The Verification Of "Limit-To-Value" Framework

The development of mobile services has become a popular issue for companies in a mature internet environment. To successfully implement mobile services, companies must be adequately involved in the unprecedented innovation activities. However, for companies to buy into the service, it is essential for them to perceive the value of the service and actually achieve that level of value. With this in mind, this research aims to explore the value of mobile service investment and related value barriers. We use the limit-to-value framework to examine the valuation and conversion process for mobile services in the context of the exhibition industry and focus on exhibitors in particular. Pre-usage and postusage data was collected through two-stage survey. This study can help us to understand the critical value-discounting factors and the valuation process for exhibitors as they consider adopting and using innovative mobile services in the exhibition industry.
Performance Comparisons of DP-16QAM and Duobinary-Shaped DP-QPSK for Optical Systems With 4.1 Bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency

This paper, for the first time, experimentally presents direct comparisons of two 25 GHz spaced wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems using conventional dual-polarization (DP) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation and duobinary-shaped DP-quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation. Both systems operate at the same bit rate per channel of 112 Gbit/s, yielding a spectral efficiency of 4.1 bit/s/Hz. The comparisons are conducted for three different cases, i.e., the back-to-back sensitivity, the nonlinear tolerance over a 640-km standard single-mode fiber link, and the phase-noise tolerance (by means of simulations). The results show that the duobinary-shaped DP-QPSK system not only provides a 3.4 dB superior back-to-back sensitivity, but also exhibits a 3 dB higher tolerance against nonlinear impairments after 640 km transmission with three WDM channels. In addition, the numerical results indicate that both investigated systems provide similar tolerances to the laser phase noise given that the block length used in the carrier phase estimation is optimized.
De-identification In practice

We report our effort to identify the sensitive information, subset of data items listed by HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability), from medical text using the recent advances in natural language processing and machine learning techniques. We represent the words with high dimensional continuous vectors learned by a variant of Word2Vec called Continous Bag Of Words (CBOW). We feed the word vectors into a simple neural network with a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architecture. Without any attempts to extract manually crafted features and considering that our medical dataset is too small to be fed into neural network, we obtained promising results. The results thrilled us to think about the larger scale of the project with precise parameter tuning and other possible improvements.
The role of a leisure-based programme in the relationship of divorced single parents and their children : a review

Divorce is one of the major causes of single-parent households. Among the understandable difficulties families face as a result of divorce, other difficulties such as the lack of time for family bonding and family leisure directly affect the wellbeing of both the parents and the children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of a leisure-based programme on the relationship between divorced single parents and their children. This study was completed by reviewing literature in the field of family leisure and relevant literature regarding the importance of the relationship between divorced single parents and their children. Books, journals, dissertations, theses and internet sources published between 1993 and 2011 were consulted, identified by means of the keywords, to give a theoretical exposition of this study. Research found that divorced single-parent families face financial difficulties and time constrains. Given that the household responsibilities are not shared and there is only one person earning an income, thus resulting in time or financial constraints to spend on leisure activities. Therefore, divorced single parents should endeavour to spend time with their children and find a balance between core and balance family leisure activities. Leisure programmes have the potential to develop relationships and improve family bonds.