Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hankie probe: a materialistic approach to mobile ux research

Mobile user experience (UX) research can benefit from unexplored opportunities from theory and practice. Contemporary sociology has developed sophisticated understandings of mobilities that can expand the scope of mobile HCI research. At the same time, we need to extend the scope of mobile experience beyond its current main foci on the portable device and moments of experience. We report the interim results of exploratory pilot studies of a fabric based probe that has been developed to extend the scope of mobile experience research both theoretically and in the range of insights that can be collected in mobile user studies. We report our initial experiences with a 'hankie' (handkerchief) probe that aims to gather rich usage and experience insights for early stages of design.
A multi-modal sensor analysis framework for in-car mobile applications

In-car applications developed using mobile sensors generally employ single-modal sensor analysis, therefore obtained results remain limited. Taking advantage of the advanced sensing and computing capabilities of smart phones, this study proposes a framework for the development of signal and image processing algorithms and applications utilizing multi-modal sensor analysis on in-car mobile sensors. An abstraction for synchronized and fast access to sensor readings as well as a plugin based multi-modal analysis interface for signal and image processing applications are provided within this framework. An in-car mobile application is also developed as part of this study, which detects the defects on the road, such as the potholes, speed bumps, and automatically extracts the video section and image of the corresponding road segment. More than 80% successful bump detection and image extraction is obtained in the performed tests and the advantages of multi-modal approach are exhibited.
A large Wolf-Rayet population in NGC 300 uncovered by VLT-FORS2

We have detected 58 Wolf-Rayet candidates in the central region of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300, based on deep VLT-FORS2 narrow-band imaging. Our survey is close to complete except for heavily reddened WR stars. Of the objects in our list, 16 stars were already spectroscopically confirmed as WR stars by Schild & Testor and Breysacher et al., to which 4 stars are added using low resolution FORS2 datasets. The WR population of NGC 300 now totals 60, a threefold increase over previous surveys, with $\rm WC/WN\geq1/3$, in reasonable agreement with Local Group galaxies for a moderately sub-solar metallicity. We also discuss the WR surface density in the central region of NGC 300. Finally, analyses are presented for two apparently single WC stars – #29 (alias WR3, WC5) and #48 (alias WR13, WC4) located close to the nucleus, and at a deprojected radius of 2.5 kpc, respectively. These are among the first models of WR stars in galaxies beyond the Local Group, and are compared with early WC stars in our Galaxy and LMC.
One-way loss measurements from IPFIX records

In this work we describe a methodology to estimate one-way packet loss from IPFIX or NetFlow flow records collected at two monitoring points. The proposed method does not require tight synchronization between the two monitoring points, nor it relies upon external routing information. It can run online or offline, and can work on legacy IPFIX/NetFlow traces which were not collected for the specific purpose of loss estimation. In this preliminary work we describe the estimation procedure and present early validation results from a real testbed.
Rapid Synaptic Depression Explains Nonlinear Modulation of Spectro-Temporal Tuning in Primary Auditory Cortex by Natural Stimuli

In this study, we explored ways to account more accurately for responses of neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) to natural sounds. The auditory cortex has evolved to extract behaviorally relevant information from complex natural sounds, but most of our understanding of its function is derived from experiments using simple synthetic stimuli. Previous neurophysiological studies have found that existing models, such as the linear spectro-temporal receptive field (STRF), fail to capture the entire functional relationship between natural stimuli and neural responses. To study this problem, we compared STRFs for A1 neurons estimated using a natural stimulus, continuous speech, with STRFs estimated using synthetic ripple noise. For about one-third of the neurons, we found significant differences between STRFs, usually in the temporal dynamics of inhibition and/or overall gain. This shift in tuning resulted primarily from differences in the coarse temporal structure of the speech and noise stimuli. Using simulations, we found that the stimulus dependence of spectro-temporal tuning can be explained by a model in which synaptic inputs to A1 neurons are susceptible to rapid nonlinear depression. This dynamic reshaping of spectro-temporal tuning suggests that synaptic depression may enable efficient encoding of natural auditory stimuli.
The Growth of the Very Large CD8+ T Cell Clones in Older Mice Is Controlled by Cytokines1

Older humans and mice frequently contain very large clones of CD8+ T cells. In mice these cells are phenotypically very similar to memory CD8+ T cells. Like memory CD8+ T cells, most members of the clones are in continuous slow division, apparently independently of Ag stimulation. Proliferation of the CD8+ clonal T cells is inhibited in mice treated with Ab to the IL-2R β-chain that blocks signaling by either IL-2 or IL-15. However, inhibition of IL-2 increases the numbers of dividing clonal cells. Therefore, like normal memory CD8+ T cells, expansion of the clones is driven by IL-15 and inhibited by IL-2 and is probably limited by the amounts of IL-15 and IL-2 present in the host. Control by these two cytokines may account for the fact that, although the clones can be very large, they do not overwhelm or kill their hosts. Nevertheless the clonal cells compete successfully with normal memory CD8+ T cells for growth. Perhaps the clonal cells use IL-15 more effectively or are more resistant to the inhibitory effects of IL-2. Thus they might affect the immune response of their hosts by competing for factors that stimulate and inhibit normal CD8+ memory T cells.
How does consumption respond to large negative shocks to household wealth ?

We show that the 2007-09 housing collapse in the United States resulted in a very unequal distribution of wealth shocks due to the geographical concentration of ex-ante leverage and house price decline. We investigate the consumption consequences of these wealth shocks and show that the consumption risk-sharing hypothesis is easily rejected. We estimate an elasticity of consumption with respect to housing net worth of 0.6 to 0.8 and an average marginal propensity to consume (MPC) of 5 to 7 cents for every dollar loss in housing wealth. However, the MPC is sharply higher for poorer and more levered households. Our findings thus highlight the role of debt and geographical distribution of wealth shocks in explaining the large and unequal decline in consumption from 2006 to 2009. * Lucy Hu, Ernest Liu, Christian Martinez, Yoshio Nozawa, and Calvin Zhang provided superb research assistance. We are grateful to the National Science Foundation, the Initiative on Global Markets at Chicago Booth, and the Fama-Miller Center at Chicago Booth for funding. Seminar participants at Chicago Booth, Columbia Business School, Harvard, MIT Sloan, MIT Economics, NYU Stern, Stanford GSB, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego, and the NBER Monetary Economics meeting provided valuable feedback. The results or views expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not reflect those of the providers of the data used in this analysis. Corresponding authors: Mian: (609) 258-6718, atif@princeton.edu; Sufi: (773) 702 6148, amir.sufi@chicagobooth.edu
A Modal Foundation for Secure Information Flow

Information flow analysis is a program analysis that detects possible illegal information flow such as the leakage of (partial information on) passwords to the public. Recently, several type-based techniques for information flow analysis have been proposed for various kinds of programming languages. Details of those type systems, however, vary substantially and even their core parts are often slightly different, making the essence of the type system unclear. In this paper we propose a typed lambda calculus λs as a foundation for information flow analysis. The type system is developed so that it corresponds to a proof system of an intuitionistic modal logic of validity by the Curry-Howard isomorphism. The calculus enjoys the properties of subject reduction, confluence, and strong normalization. Moreover, we give a very simple proof of the noninterference property, which guarantees that, in a well-typed program, no information on confidential data is leaked to the public. We also demonstrate that a core part of the SLam calculus by Heintze and Riecke can be encoded into λs .
Dynamiek in deprivatie

In this article we examine changes in the deprivation of households in eleven countries. Using the European Community Household Panel (1994-1996) we explain cross-national differences in deprivation mobility. Moreover, we test the influence of institutions and of the economic conditions on the effects of two lifecycle transitions – losing one’s partner or losing one’s job – on deprivation mobility. The results show that the loss of one’s partner (through divorce or death) or becoming unemployed more often result in downward mobility in liberal welfare regimes than in other regimes. Looking at specific country characteristics, such as the social expenditures and the economic growth, we find some striking results: the more countries spend on social security, the more likely it is that the deprivation of households deteriorates after losing a partner or job. Furthermore, the higher the economic growth, the more often the loss of a partner worsens the households’ level of deprivation.
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL AND ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING

Department is entering its second half century of instructional and research activities in the field of aeronautical and astronautical engineering. During recent years the curriculum has continued to be modified to keep in step with the fast changing developments in the aeronautical and aerospace industries. Fundamental theoretical and experimental studies are carried out in the ,several departmental facilities both on the Central and North Campuses. A summary ofthese activities follows. Aerodynamics Laboratory. The characteristic blunt shape of currently used reentry bodies has created considerable interest in the nature of the flow around such bodies. Research is carried out to determine the dynamic stability of blunt bodies in supersonic as well as in subsonic flows. Some understanding of these problems is obtained by observing the characteristic motions and wakes behind disks falling through a liquid (see photographs). Other studies on this type of body involve measurements of the effect of turbulence on the laminar heat transfer in the stagnation point relion. In' a study of the behavior of electric arcs in air streams 8uch an arc with currents up to 1000 amp. was successfully stabilized in a supersonic flow by means of a crossed magnetic field. The properties of the arc, such aa current, voltage drop, arc slant, and magnetic field strength, were measured. Other experimental studies involve the statistical 8tructure of the unsteady flow near the wall in a turbulent boundary layer. This work is part of a long-range 8tudy of boundary layer turbulence, probing into the causes of aircraft cabin noise and problem8 associated with underwater sonar detection method8.
An edge-detection algorithm based on improvement average filter for noise image

Aiming at the traditional edge detection algorithm can not effectively detect the edge in noise image, a new combined edge detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. There are mainly two steps in algorithm, the first step is image filtering, an new improved average filter algorithm based on Rank transform is used in this step, the separate noise points can be found from the original image by Rank transform; the second step is mainly on edge detection, the segment threshold is automatic used in the image after the filter process, a new kind of improved iterative algorithm is used in this selection which can adjust to obtain the optimal threshold. Finally, the compared experiment results shows that the performance of the algorithm in this paper is better than traditional algorithm; the detection accuracy is very high and maximize the image edge information and maintain the details of image.
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chalcopyrite Dissolution at Controlled Redox Potential of 750 mV in Sulfuric Acid Solution

To better understand chalcopyrite leach mechanisms and kinetics, for improved Cu extraction during hydrometallurgical processing, chalcopyrite leaching has been conducted at solution redox potential 750 mV, 35–75 °C, and pH 1.0 with and without aqueous iron addition, and pH 1.5 and 2.0 without aqueous iron addition. The activation energy (Ea) values derived indicate chalcopyrite dissolution is initially surface chemical reaction controlled, which is associated with the activities of Fe3+ and H+ with reaction orders of 0.12 and −0.28, respectively. A surface diffusion controlled mechanism is proposed for the later leaching stage with correspondingly low Ea values. Surface analyses indicate surface products (predominantly Sn2− and S0) did not inhibit chalcopyrite dissolution, consistent with the increased surface area normalised leach rate during the later stage. The addition of aqueous iron plays an important role in accelerating Cu leaching rates, especially at lower temperature, primarily by reducing the length of time of the initial surface chemical reaction controlled stage.
The Effect of a Pro-Breastfeeding and Healthy Complementary Feeding Intervention Targeting Adolescent Mothers and Grandmothers on Growth and Prevalence of Overweight of Preschool Children

Introduction The pattern and duration of breastfeeding (BF) and the age at onset of complementary feeding, as well as its quality, have been associated with the prevalence of overweight in childhood. Objective To assess the effect of a pro-BF and healthy complementary feeding intervention, targeted to adolescent mothers and maternal grandmothers, on growth and prevalence of overweight and obesity in children at preschool age. This intervention had a positive impact on duration of BF and timing of onset of complementary feeding. Methods This randomized clinical trial involved 323 adolescent mothers, their infants, and the infants’ maternal grandmothers, when they cohabited. Mothers and grandmothers in the intervention group received counseling sessions on BF and healthy complementary feeding at the maternity ward and at home (7, 15, 30, 60, and 120 days after delivery). When children were aged 4 to 7 years, they underwent anthropometric assessment and collection of data on dietary habits. Multivariable Poisson regression with robust estimation was used for analysis. Results BMI-for-age and height-for-age were similar in the intervention and control groups, as was the prevalence of overweight (39% vs. 31% respectively; p=0.318). There were no significant between-group differences in dietary habits. Conclusion Although the intervention prolonged the duration of exclusive BF and delayed the onset of complementary feeding, it had no impact on growth or prevalence of overweight at age 4 to 7 years. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00910377
A Time-Gated 128x128 CMOS SPAD Array for on-Chip Fluorescence Detection

An all-digital, time-gated 128x128 CMOS image sensor for on-chip fluorescence detection is presented. The sensor pixel consists of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), time gating circuitry and a 1bit memory. The sensor allows on-chip fluorescence detection and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for on-chip molecular detection such as DNA, protein and cancer markers.
The Continuum of Hydroclimate Variability in Western North America during the Last Millennium

AbstractThe distribution of climatic variance across the frequency spectrum has substantial importance for anticipating how climate will evolve in the future. Here power spectra and power laws (β) are estimated from instrumental, proxy, and climate model data to characterize the hydroclimate continuum in western North America (WNA). The significance of the estimates of spectral densities and β are tested against the null hypothesis that they reflect solely the effects of local (nonclimate) sources of autocorrelation at the monthly time scale. Although tree-ring-based hydroclimate reconstructions are generally consistent with this null hypothesis, values of β calculated from long moisture-sensitive chronologies (as opposed to reconstructions) and other types of hydroclimate proxies exceed null expectations. Therefore it may be argued that there is more low-frequency variability in hydroclimate than monthly autocorrelation alone can generate. Coupled model results archived as part of phase 5 of the Coupled .
A unified framework for modeling slow response self-powered neutron detectors with discrete-time state-space representation

Slow response self-powered neutron detectors (SPNDs) with Vanadium and Rhodium emitters have found wide application in nuclear power plants for in-core flux mapping as well as power regulation. When used as input to power regulation system or protection system, the detector signals must undergo time compensation to counteract the inherent delay associated with beta decay. There has been a number of compensation techniques developed for Vanadium, Rhodium and other slow response SPNDs, including both analog and digital approaches. However, it is noticed that a majority of these compensation techniques are based on Laplace and z-transformations, which inevitably requires some kind of approximation to map from s-domain to z-domain. In other words, the prevailing approaches are neither straightforward nor accurate due to complex manipulations of representations in different domains. Moreover, the reported methods are generally developed in a case by case fashion, without addressing the issue with a generalized approach such that applies to all kinds of slow response SPNDs. To overcome these limitations and deficiency, we propose in this paper a unified framework to model slow response SPNDs with discrete-time state-space representation. The proposed method eliminates complicated manipulations in s and z domain; and achieves accurate compensation without approximation by means of state-space representation of SPND dynamics and advanced digital signal processing techniques in both continuous and discrete domain. The derived discrete-time state-space SPND model also readily facilitates application of state-of-the-art signal processing algorithms such as Kalman filtering, which has been proved to be highly accurate and effective for similar applications.
Three Essays on International Linkages of the Korean Economy.

This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay investigates whether the long run version of purchasing power parity (PFP) holds between Korea and its two major trading partners the U.S. and Japan. The PPP relationship is examined using cointegration tests, which are proper to see the departures from the long run equilibrium. The second essay examines the empirical relationship between real exchange rates and interest rate differentials in the Korean-U.S. as well as the Korean-Japanese economies. This relationship is also examined using cointegration tests. The third essay examines how foreign economic shocks affect the Korean economy and analyzes the channels through which they are transmitted. Also, the relative importance of domestic and foreign shocks on the dynamics of certain key macro variables is investigated. The techniques of vector autoregression (VAR) are employed to investigate the international transmission of economic disturbances. Each VAR system (that is, Korea-U.S. system and Korea-Japan system) contains variables for Korea and the U.S. or Korea and Japan, and uses monthly data from Hay 1973 to June 1990. The dynamic effects of foreign shocks on the Korean economy are evaluated by estimating variance decompositions (VDCs) and impulse response functions (IRFs). The following three results emerge from the empirical findings of this dissertation. First, no evidence of cointegration is found for any pair of prices and exchange rates between Korean and U.S. as well as Korean and Japanese economies. We might say that monetary models of exchange rate determination understate the role of real disturbances in the world economy. Second, the empirical findings about the relationship between real exchange rates and real interest rate differentials do not support the hypothesis of cointegration between these variables. This suggests that a variable (posBibly the expected value of future real exchange rate) is omitted from the real exchange rate-interest rate differential relation. Third, empirical findings regarding the international transmission mechanism indicate that foreign shocks are important for the Korean economy during the sample period, though the channels of transmission differ.
A SVR-based Fuzzy System

This paper builds a SVR-based fuzzy system, which is combined by support vector machine and fuzzy system. Every rule corresponds to a small SVR, and subjection degree of every rule is obtained automatically from a neural network. It overcomes the disadvantage of manual-decided subjection degree in advance. From emulation test, we can see that it is a high accuracy and high effect system
A Morphological Type Dependence in the μ0-log h Plane of Spiral Galaxy Disks

We present observational evidence for a galaxy "type" dependence to the location of a spiral galaxy's disk parameters in the μ0-log h plane. With a sample of approximately 40 low surface brightness galaxies (both bulge- and disk-dominated) and approximately 80 high surface brightness galaxies, the early-type disk galaxies (≤Sc) tend to define a bright envelope in the μ0-log h plane, while the late-type (≥Scd) spiral galaxies have, in general, smaller and fainter disks. Below the defining surface brightness threshold for a low surface brightness galaxy (i.e., more than 1 mag fainter than the 21.65 B mag arcsec-2 Freeman value), the early-type spiral galaxies have scale lengths greater than 8-9 kpc, while the late-type spiral galaxies have smaller scale lengths. All galaxies have been modeled with a seeing-convolved Sérsic r1/n bulge and exponential disk model. We show that the trend of decreasing bulge shape parameter n with increasing Hubble type and decreasing bulge-to-disk luminosity ratio, which has been observed among the high surface brightness galaxies, extends to the low surface brightness galaxies, revealing a continuous range of structural parameters.
Becoming a Reflective Educator: How to Build a Culture of Inquiry in the Schools

Reflection, Reflective Practice and the Teacher Toward a 'Culture of Inquiry' in the School Values, Ethics and Reflective Teaching Democratic Schooling, Critical Pedagogy and Reflective Practice The Nexus of School and Community Transformative and Constructivist Curricula and Instruction Transformational Leadership in the School The Teacher as Leader Preparing Reflective Educators The Role of Teacher Education Toward Reflective Practice