Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Signaling Stage for Wireless Networks

We present and evaluate a class of signaling protocols for wireless digital networks. The presented signaling protocols are stable, they induce good delay characteristics and they possess resistance to feed back errors. We also evaluate a system deploying the IEEE 802.11 as a signaling protocol, instead. In the presence of relatively tight admission delay constraints in signaling, the latter is significantly inferior to our proposed signaling technique. As the above admission delay constraints diminish, the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol breaks down, while our proposed signaling technique maintains its high performance characteristics.
Quantifying the E ff ects of Urban Form on Land Surface Temperature in Subtropical High-Density Urban Areas Using Machine Learning

It is widely acknowledged that urban form significantly affects urban thermal environment, which is a key element to adapt and mitigate extreme high temperature weather in high-density urban areas. However, few studies have discussed the impact of physical urban form features on the land surface temperature (LST) from a perspective of comprehensive urban spatial structures. This study used the ordinary least-squares regression (OLS) and random forest regression (RF) to distinguish the relative contributions of urban form metrics on LST at three observation scales. Results of this study indicate that more than 90% of the LST variations were explained by selected urban form metrics using RF. Effects of the magnitude and direction of urban form metrics on LST varied with the changes of seasons and observation scales. Overall, building morphology and urban ecological infrastructure had dominant effects on LST variations in high-density urban centers. Urban green space and water bodies demonstrated stronger cooling effects, especially in summer. Building density (BD) exhibited significant positive effects on LST, whereas the floor area ratio (FAR) showed a negative influence on LST. The results can be applied to investigate and implement urban thermal environment mitigation planning for city managers and planners.
Deep Integration Antenna Array: Design Philosophy and Principles

An active integrated antenna array is designed through a new design low called Deep Integration. Amplifier output currents are combined to synthesize the optimal antenna current distribution to produce the desired radiation characteristics. The electromagnetic field from a cluster of amplifiers is power-combined in low-loss (air) dielectrics inside a single antenna element to increase the total radiated output power. These elements can be combined in an array to further increase radiated power. Such solutions are highly compact in size and capable of delivering high Effective Radiated Power (ERP), which is particularly important in the area of mm-wave integrated circuit design for wireless applications. A simulation example is provided of a Deep Integration antenna array, demonstrating the design philosophy and principles.
Demystifying Internet-Wide Service Discovery

This paper develops a high-performance, Internet-wide service discovery tool, which we call IRLscanner, whose main design objectives have been to maximize politeness at remote networks, allow scanning rates that achieve coverage of the Internet in minutes/hours (rather than weeks/months), and significantly reduce administrator complaints. Using IRLscanner and 24-h scans, we perform 21 Internet-wide experiments using six different protocols (i.e., DNS, HTTP, SMTP, EPMAP, ICMP, and UDP ECHO), demonstrate the usefulness of ACK scans in detecting live hosts behind stateless firewalls, and undertake the first Internet-wide OS fingerprinting. In addition, we analyze the feedback generated (e.g., complaints, IDS alarms) and suggest novel approaches for reducing the amount of blowback during similar studies, which should enable researchers to collect valuable experimental data in the future with significantly fewer hurdles.
Optimistic recovery in multi-threaded distributed systems

The problem of recovering distributed systems from crash failures has been widely studied in the context of traditional non-threaded processes. However, extending those solutions to the multi-threaded scenario presents new problems. We identify and address these problems for optimistic logging protocols. There are two natural extension to optimistic logging protocols in the multi-threaded scenario. The first extension is process-centric, where the points of internal non-determinism caused by threads are logged. The second extension is thread-centric, where each thread is treated as a separate process. The process-centric approach suffers from false causality while the thread-centric approach suffers from high causality tracking overhead. By observing that the granularity of failures can be different from the granularity of rollbacks, we design a new balanced approach which incurs low causality tracking overhead and also eliminates false causality.
Specifying Active Database Systems in an Object-Oriented Framework

This paper presents a framework for the formal specification of active database systems, and shows how the framework can be used to describe the functionality of three well known example systems, namely Starburst, POSTGRES and Ariel. The framework has been developed using Object-Z to structure specifications in a way that emphasises commonalities and key differences between the designs, and that is readily extensible to support new constructs and systems. Such a formal framework can be used to provide formal descriptions of systems that have previously been described only informally, to compare the functionalities of different systems by contrasting support for fundamental concepts, and as a basis for reasoning about rule bases in the context of different active rule systems. The paper also demonstrates the applicability of object-oriented formal methods to the specification of advanced database functionality.
Variation and adaptation in limpograss ( Hemarthria altissima )

Persistent and productive cultivars of limpograss (Hemarthriu altissima (Poir.) Stapf et C.E. Hubb. ) are required if the species is to be useful in Northland cattle systems. A study was undertaken to investigate plant morphological traits, adaptation and persistence of 8 accessions. A series of abandoned research sites was revisited to determine long-term persistence and adaptation. Trials were established at 4 new sites throughout the northern North Island to assess morphological variation and plant survival. There was considerable variation in morphological traits assessed and plant survival, allowing scope for future selection. Bigalta used in earlier research trials had largely failed to persist under normal pasture management practices. Future work should use the cultivar Floralta.
Natural Language Understanding within the context of Question Matching

In this thesis we examine the AI-hard problem of natural language understanding. We use the Quora Questions dataset as motivation strong performance on this dataset requires a classifier that can perform reading comprehension and compare meanings accurately. We explore improvements upon existing approaches to this dataset, such as the SiameseLSTM model. This is primarily accomplished by modifying the LSTM unit to its Bidirectional GRU variant, allowing the model to make better use of question context, as well as utilizing new optimization techniques to train the model. The GRU is often easier and faster to train than the LSTM and gives better results on less training data. We use the Quasi-Hyperbolic Adam optimizer from Facebook AI Research to train our model, which is a variant of the classical Adam algorithm by Kingma & Ba (2014). Our result of 88.4% testing accuracy over arbitrary train/validation/test splits is competitive with existing results and shows the importance of considering context when determining question similarity as well as the choice of optimization technique.
D ec 2 01 0 Induced gauge interactions revisited

It has been shown that the old-fashioned idea of Sakharov’s induced gravity and gauge interactions in the “one-loop dominance" version works astonishingly well yielding reasonable parameters. It appears that induced coupling constants of gauge interactions of the standard model assume qualitatively realistic values. Moreover, it is possible to induce the Barbero–Immirzi parameter of canonical gravity from the fields entering the standard model. PACS number(s): 11.15. Tk Other nonperturbative techniques; 04.62. +v Quantum fields in curved spacetime; 12.10. Dm Unified theories and models of strong and electroweak interactions; 02.40. Hw Classical differential geometry; 02.40. Ma Global differential geometry; 04.20. Fy Canonical formalism, Lagrangians, and variational principles; 04.60. Pp Loop quantum gravity, quantum geometry, spin foams; 04.70. Dy Quantum aspects of black holes, evaporation, thermodynamics; 11.30. Rd Chiral symmetries; 12.60. Rc Composite models. bobroda@uni.lodz. pl michalszanecki@wp.pl
Token-based congestion control: Achieving fair resource allocations in P2P networks

Fair Queueing designed to achieve fair bandwidth allocations like CSFQ and Stochastic Fair BLUE, have many desirable properties for congestion control in Internet. However, such mechanisms usually supervise the bandwidth consumption of per-flow, and are good for nothing while P2P flows dominate the traffic of Internet. In this paper, we propose a Token-Based Congestion Control, which limits the access token resource consumed by every subscriber, and provides substantial fairness in P2P networks. In this congestion control system, there are three important devices: core routers, edge routers, terminals. Core routers measure congestion level, and convey it to terminals along with dataflows. Terminals label the Token- Level on sent packets according to the Congestion-Index in the transport path, and regulate the average speed of output tokens, which are the multiplication of the packet size and the Token-Level. Edge routers police the input token rate of every terminal. We present simulations and analyses on the performance of this approach at last.
Piezoelectric and Dielectric Properties of PZT-Epoxy Composite Thick Films

Ferroelectric films have been of interest over the last 20 years because of the possibility of using them for non-volatile memory applications [1-3], MEMS [4-6], ultrasonic devices [4,7], battery separators [8-10], biomedical scaffolds [11] and energy harvesting devices where they are coupled with batteries [12]. The properties if piezoelectric films cannot be compared directly with those of bulk materials of the same composition because their processing and electrical properties differ. Previous work on the preparation of piezoelectric films includes RF planar magnetron sputtering [13,14], ion beam sputtering [15] or DC magnetron sputtering [16], where most recently, researchers have succeeded in fabricating films using various chemical methods of deposition such as; metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) [1719], chemical solution deposition [20,21], metalorganic decomposition (MOD) [22,23], and also pulsed laser deposition (PLD) [24-26]. The sol-gel method has the benefits of compositional control, reduced temperature processing of highly uniform, dense, crack-free films and low cost of fabrication [27,28]. These methods of processing ferroelectric films have been used with notable success to produce piezoelectric ceramic films comprised of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PbZrxTi1-xO3 also known as, PZT). PZT has a high dielectric constant, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric properties. The ideal properties of PZT have made its application to transducer, sensor and actuator devices ubiquitous. However, the poor mechanical strength of these devices has limited their life cycle and performance. Therefore, interest in polymer-ceramic [29-33] (and ceramicceramic [34,35]) composites has emerged as an area of interest because polymers are flexible, low cost, easily processed [36,37] and able to be polarized under the influence of an external electric field [38].
A self-adaptive deep space DTN routing model

In this paper, we summarize and propose the DTN physical model for deep-space communication. According to deep-space characteristics, we design a new self-adaptive routing protocol for deep-space DTN. The new routing protocol can work well in long-delay and intermittent network environment. We have many contrast simulation experiments on our DTN simulator.
Cross-cultural Reading the Mind in the Eyes: An fMRI Investigation

The ability to infer others' thoughts, intentions, and feelings is regarded as uniquely human. Over the last few decades, this remarkable ability has captivated the attention of philosophers, primatologists, clinical and developmental psychologists, anthropologists, social psychologists, and cognitive neuroscientists. Most would agree that the capacity to reason about others' mental states is innately prepared, essential for successful human social interaction. Whether this ability is culturally tuned, however, remains entirely uncharted on both the behavioral and neural levels. Here we provide the first behavioral and neural evidence for an intracultural advantage (better performance for same- vs. other-culture) in mental state decoding in a sample of native Japanese and white American participants. We examined the neural correlates of this intracultural advantage using fMRI, revealing greater bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci recruitment during same- versus other-culture mental state decoding in both cultural groups. These findings offer preliminary support for cultural consistency in the neurological architecture subserving high-level mental state reasoning, as well as its differential recruitment based on cultural group membership.
Histograms of locally aggregated oriented gradients

Motivated by the Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors (VLAD), we propose a new Histograms of Locally Aggregated Oriented Gradients descriptor (called HLAOG). In the Histograms of Oriented Gradients descriptor (HOG), the zero-order information of the gradients is captured. By contrast, in the HLAOG descriptor we accumulate the differences between gradient orientations and their nearest bin centers, which characterizes the distribution of the gradient orientations in regard to the bin centers. The HLAOG descriptor is demonstrated to be complementary to HOG in the experiments. Then, for setting the weights of the votes on different bins in a better way, we choose Gaussian function as the weighting method and present another new Gaussian Weighted Histograms of Oriented Gradients descriptor (called GWHOG) based on HOG. Evaluations on two public object recognition datasets (Caltech-101 and VOC2007) show that the combination of HOG and HLAOG outperforms HOG and the combination of HLAOG and GWHOG gets the best result.
Real-Time Human Behavior Recognition in Intelligent Environment

In recent years, people pay more and more attention to security. Our system presented in this paper is a real-time application to intelligent environment security. It can recognize simple human behaviors and send out alert message intelligently based on human behavior analysis results. This paper mainly describes the behavior analysis methods used in the system, such as moving object detection, human region classification and eigenspace algorithm to recognize human behaviors. Since people usually change their appearances with different dressing, we process images with skeleton algorithm to reduce the impact of appearances. The skeleton structure image sets with all the postures is used to build general eigenspace. Once the general eigenspace is formed, we can recognize behaviors by projecting an unknown human posture into the eigenspace. In our application, six human behaviors (walking, standing, sitting, squatting, leaning and lying) are used. Experimental results show that our method is efficient to recognize these postures
Size miniaturization of 3 dB branch line coupler by using open stubs

In this paper a miniaturized 3 dB branch line coupler (BLC) is proposed. The miniaturization is done by adding open stub to the series and parallel transmission line of the conventional 3 dB coupler such that the proposed T-shaped structure is equivalent to the conventional 3 dB branch line coupler. The equivalent circuit is obtained by comparing the ABCD parameters of the T-shaped and conventional transmission line. As the area is less there is a possibility of coupling between the stubs of series and parallel transmission line. Based on the flexibility of the designer the structure is designed in a way to minimal the effect of coupling between the stubs of the series and parallel transmission lines. The proposed structure has reduced size than the conventional coupler and has fair response at 2.5 GHz.
Herbal medicines, other than St. John's Wort, in the treatment of depression: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate herbal medicines, other than St. John's wort, in the treatment of depression. DATA SOURCES/SEARCH METHODS: A computer-based search of Medline, Cinahl, AMED, ALT Health Watch, Psych Articles, Psych Info, Current Contents databases, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, was performed. Researchers were contacted, and bibliographies of relevant papers and previous meta-analysis were hand searched for additional references. REVIEW METHODS Trials were included in the review if they were prospective human trials assessing herbal medicines, other than St. John's wort, in the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression and utilized validated instruments to assess participant eligibility and clinical endpoints. RESULTS Nine trials were identified that met all eligibility requirements. Three studies investigated saffron stigma, two investigated saffron petal, and one compared saffron stigma to the petal. Individual trials investigating lavender, Echium, and Rhodiola were also located. DISCUSSION Results of the trials are discussed. Saffron stigma was found to be significantly more effective than placebo and equally as efficacious as fluoxetine and imipramine. Saffron petal was significantly more effective than placebo and was found to be equally efficacious compared to fluoxetine and saffron stigma. Lavender was found to be less effective than imipramine, but the combination of lavender and imipramine was significantly more effective than imipramine alone. When compared to placebo, Echium was found to significantly decrease depression scores at week 4, but not week 6. Rhodiola was also found to significantly improve depressive symptoms when compared to placebo. CONCLUSION A number of herbal medicines show promise in the management of mild-to-moderate depression.
Dynamic Walking of Legged Machines

Locomotion of legged machines faces the problems of model complexity and computational costs. Algorithms based on complex models and/or reinforcement learning exist to solve the walking control task. In this project, we aim to develop a bipedal walking control system based on a simple model the Linear Inverted Pendulum model. In order to simplify the complex process of controlling legged locomotion, we make use of the technique of splitting the control into three parts as height control, forward velocity control and balance control. The forward velocity of the body has a linear relationship with the foot placement, therefore we use a linear function to realise foot placement. Our control system achieves stable walking gait in a simulated environment, where our bipedal robot walks more than 200 steps with a cyclic pattern in a stable, dynamic and almost natural manner. The experimental data are presented and analysed.
On the Security Issues in Wireless Body Area Networks

The emerging Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have great potential to revolutionize the future of ubiquitous health technologies. They provide unprecedented opportunities to monitor the patient’s health status with real-time updates to the physician. Since WBAN devices are used to collect sensitive (lifecritical) information and may operate in hostile environments, they require strict security mechanisms to prevent the malicious interaction with the system. However, unlike Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) devices, these devices are limited in terms of power efficiency and communication, and therefore pose numerous security challenges than traditional WSNs. In this paper, we first highlight major security requirements and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks in a WBAN. Then we discuss different security modes (originally proposed for IEEE 802.15.4) for a WBAN that include AES-CTR, AES-CBC-MAC, and AESCCM modes. Keyword WBAN, security, DoS, threats, AES-CTR, AESCBC-MAC, AES-CCM
An Electron Microscopic Study of the Leukemia Virus in AKR and Hybrid Mice Inoculated with Ascites Passage or Tissue-cultured Leukemic Cells 1

Various organs and tumors from AKR and hybrid mice and leukcmic cells grown in tissue culture were studied by electron microscopy. Only spleen and thymus were examined in fetuses and newborn mice. In adults, solid tumors, lymph nodes, and ascites cells were also studied. AKR mice dying of spontaneous leukemia showed typical virus particles (Types A and C) in their lymph nodes. No virus particles could be identified in organs from newborn or 7to 10week-old mice. Virus particles were not observed in the thymus or lymph nodes of mice injected with long-term ascites transfers of the leukemia, but characteristic particles were found in all solid mesenteric and ascites tumors examined. Organs from Ft hybrids (C57B1/6 X AKR) were uniformly negative. However, in one solid tumor, produced by inoculation with tissue-cultured cells, numerous viras particles were present. All newly isolated or long-term tissue culture lines tested contained virus-like par ticles. The virulence of these lines, for AKR or hybrid mice, did not correlate with either the chromosome number or the presence of virus particles.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons Express KATP Channels That Are Regulated by Estrogen and Responsive to Glucose and Metabolic Inhibition

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in a pulsatile manner that is dependent on circulating 17β-estradiol (E2) and glucose concentrations. However, the intrinsic conductances responsible for the episodic firing pattern underlying pulsatile release and the effects of E2 and glucose on these conductances are primarily unknown. Whole-cell recordings from mouse enhanced green fluorescent protein-GnRH neurons revealed that the KATP channel opener diazoxide induced an outward current that was antagonized by the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) channel blocker tolbutamide. Single-cell reverse transcription (RT)-PCR revealed that the majority of GnRH neurons expressed Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits, which correlated with the diazoxide/tolbutamide sensitivity. Also, a subpopulation of GnRH neurons expressed glucokinase mRNA, a marker for glucose sensitivity. Indeed, GnRH neurons decreased their firing in response to low glucose concentrations and metabolic inhibition. The maximum diazoxide-induced current was approximately twofold greater in E2-treated compared with oil-treated ovariectomized females. In current clamp, estrogen enhanced the diazoxide-induced hyperpolarization to a similar degree. However, based on quantitative RT-PCR, estrogen did not increase the expression of Kir6.2 or SUR1 transcripts in GnRH neurons. In the presence of ionotropic glutamate and GABAA receptor antagonists, tolbutamide depolarized and significantly increased the firing rate of GnRH neurons to a greater extent in E2-treated females. Finally, tolbutamide significantly increased GnRH secretion from the preoptic-mediobasal hypothalamus. Therefore, it appears that KATP channels and glucokinase are expressed in GnRH neurons, which renders them directly responsive to glucose. In addition, KATP channels are involved in modulating the excitability of GnRH neurons in an estrogen-sensitive manner that ultimately regulates peptide release.