Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wi-Fi probes as digital crumbs for crowd localisation

While indoor localization techniques based on Wi-Fi RSS measurements have been extensively studied, their application to eavesdropping Wi-Fi probe requests sent from mobile devices in large indoor environments, such as shopping malls, is scarce or absent in the literature. The idea behind this work is to observe Wi-Fi enabled smartphones, especially when they are not associated to a network. They periodically perform active network scanning by issuing probe requests, which are detected by networked sniffing devices produced by Cloud4Wi®. We experimentally investigate the opportunities offered by passive gathering of Wi-Fi probes for purposes of crowd positioning in areas of interest. Our preliminary experimental setting convincingly shows that a small number of sniffing devices may be enough for analysing crowd movements in indoor areas.
Targeted delivery of antitumoral therapy to glioma and other malignancies with synthetic chlorotoxin (TM-601)

Targeted therapies for cancer is a rapidly advancing field, but the identification of tumor-specific ligands has proven difficult. Chlorotoxin (CTX) is a small, 36 amino acid neurotoxin isolated from the venom of the Giant Yellow Israeli scorpion Leiurus Quinquestriatus. Interestingly, the peptide has been found to preferentially bind to a variety of human malignancies, but shows little or no binding to normal human tissues. A synthetic version of this peptide (TM-601) has been manufactured and covalently linked to iodine 131 (131I-TM-601) as a means of targeting radiation to tumor cells. Preclinical studies and Phase I clinical trials have been completed in patients with recurrent glioma, a type of malignant brain tumor. These studies demonstrated that intracavitary dosing of 131I-TM-601 appears safe, minimally toxic, and binds malignant glioma with high affinity and for long durations. A Phase II trial of this agent using higher doses of radioactivity and repeated local administrations is underway. In addition, enrolment has begun in a Phase I trial evaluating whether systemically delivered 131I-TM-601 can be used to image metastatic solid tumors and primary gliomas. Due to its small size, selective tumor binding properties, minimal toxicity and relative ease of manipulation, CTX represents a potentially important targeting agent for many cancers.
Self-timed multiplier for multiply-add unit

Paper discusses the peculiarities of self-timed multiplier implementation for unit multiplying two operands and then adding the product to third operand without an intermediate rounding according to the IEEE 754 Standard. The multiplier is a hardware implementation of modified Booth algorithm on a base of self-timed adder with redundant signal code. An optimal self-timed redundant coding of internal and output signals in the multiplier was proposed. The circuitry and layout problems were solved for self-timed multiplier implementation. Wallace tree structure, which is the main part of the multiplier, was optimized for the facilities of 65-nm CMOS process with six metal layers taking into account more number of signals in the multiplier circuit, than in the synchronous analog. A release of the self-timed multiplier implementation in CMOS process with 65-nm design rules is introduced.
The International Journal of Biostatistics An Integrated Analysis of Individual and Aggregated Health Data Using Estimating Equations

Analyses of individual disease-exposure data within a population are useful when exposure of interest varies sufficiently within the population. When the within-population variance of exposure is limited, however, power of the individual-data analysis is reduced. In such situations, aggregated-data analyses of disease data across populations, with a sample of individual exposure data from each population, can be powerful in estimating the exposure effect if betweenpopulation variation of exposure is large. In this paper, we consider a new analytical framework that is a combination of the individualand aggregated-data analyses, based on an estimating equation approach. The proposed analysis utilizes strengths from individual data and aggregated data in the estimation of the exposure effect of interest, depending on which of the exposure variations (withinversus between-population) dominates. Simulation studies under various different scenarios were performed to show the strengths of the proposed approach in the estimation of the exposure effects of interest.
Tamoxifen Therapy for Advanced Ovarian Cancer

Thirteen patients with rapidly advancing recurrent epithelial ovarian cancers, in whom chemotherapy and, in some cases, radiation therapy failed, were treated with the estrogen antagonist tamoxifen. The presence of cytosol estrogen receptors, which have recently been identified in ovarian cancer specimens, was determined in the tumor from each patient prior to tamoxifen treatment. No complete responses were observed. One patient had a partial response and 4 patients had prolonged stabilization of disease. All patients with stabilized disease had estrogen receptor levels that were borderline or high. Eight patients demonstrated no response to oral tamoxifen therapy, but 5 of these had partial small bowel obstruction secondary to advanced recurrent cancer. As tamoxifen in this preliminary study may have stabilized rapidly advancing recurrent ovarian cancer, its role in the primary treatment of ovarian cancer in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy should be considered.
New Strategy for the Immobilization of Lipases on Glyoxyl–Agarose Supports: Production of Robust Biocatalysts for Natural Oil Transformation

Immobilization on Glyoxyl–agarose support (Gx) is one of the best strategies to stabilize enzymes. However, the strategy is difficult to apply at neutral pH when most enzymes are stable and, even when possible, produces labile derivatives. This work contributes to overcoming this hurdle through a strategy that combines solid-phase amination, presence of key additives, and derivative basification. To this end, aminated industrial lipases from Candida artarctica (CAL), Thermomyces lunuginosus (TLL), and the recombinant Geobacillus thermocatenulatus (BTL2) were immobilized on Gx for the first time at neutral pH using anthranilic acid (AA) or DTT as additives (immobilization yields >70%; recovered activities 37.5–76.7%). The spectroscopic evidence suggests nucleophilic catalysis and/or adsorption as the initial lipase immobilization events. Subsequent basification drastically increases the stability of BTL2–glyoxyl derivatives under harsh conditions (t1/2, from 2.1–54.5 h at 70 °C; from 10.2 h–140 h in 80% dioxane). The novel BTL2-derivatives were active and selective in fish oil hydrolysis (1.0–1.8 μmol of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) min−1·g−1) whereas the selected TLL-derivative was as active and stable in biodiesel production (fatty ethyl esters, EE) as the commercial Novozyme®-435 after ten reaction cycles (~70% EE). Therefore, the potential of the proposed strategy in producing suitable biocatalysts for industrial processes was demonstrated.
Greenfield or Acquisition Entry? The Roles of Policy Uncertainty and MNE Legitimacy in Host Countries

Political constraints shortages in host countries facilitate policy changes and, hence, imply policy uncertainty for multinational enterprises (MNEs). I examine how such uncertainty influences MNEs' choice between wholly owned greenfield and full acquisition entry by combining real options and MNE legitimacy theory. I argue that acquisitions require MNEs to buy the needed external assets immediately upon entry while greenfields allow them to buy these assets sequentially, causing greenfields to temporarily have a real options advantage over acquisitions if policy uncertainty resolves unfavorably after the initiation of an entry. I expect the value of this advantage and, hence, the likelihood of greenfield entry, to increase with the level of policy uncertainty. I also expect this increase to be smaller for subsidiaries with greater expected legitimacy, since greater subsidiary legitimacy reduces the chance of adverse shifts in policy preferences and, therefore, the threat posed by a given political constraints shortage. I find support for most of these expectations in a sample of 172 foreign entries by Dutch MNEs, measuring policy uncertainty by Henisz's reverse-coded POLCON index and a subsidiary's expected legitimacy by its planned autonomy level, its parent's host country experience, its industry's expected performance, and its parent country's religious closeness. I conclude that the POLCON index is an incomplete indicator of the policy threats faced by MNEs because it does not account for subsidiaries' legitimacy.
Improving Innovation and Customer Satisfaction through Systems Integration

Purpose – In recent years, organizations have been forced to compete in a new environment and to become more innovative, provide more quality and respond more effectively to consumers' needs and preferences. Within this context, the main objectives of this research are to propose scales and study the existing relationships among innovation, Management System Standards (MSSs) Integration and customer satisfaction in order to help organizations to manage these elements and increase their performance.Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study derives from a survey carried out in 76 Spanish organizations registered to at least both ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 14001:2004. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) are utilised to assess and confirm the proposed scales validity and the relationships of the research model.Findings – The conceptual model finds significant support based on the empirical study. Three of the four dimensions of innovation and the four dimensions of .
The Crisis of Intellectual Monopoly Capitalism

The last three decades have witnessed the emergence of a new species of capitalism. In spite of marked differences between its national varieties, a common characteristic of this species can be found in the global monopolisation of knowledge. This monopolisation involves hierarchical relations among firms and between capital and labour, because the capital of some firms includes the exclusive ownership of much of the knowledge used in production. Since the 1994 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreements, the growing commoditisation of knowledge has extended the role of closed science and closed markets at the expense of open science and open markets. The intrinsic long-term dynamics of this species of capitalism is increasingly characterised by financialisation, inequality and stagnation. In order to exit from the current crisis, we must change many features of intellectual monopoly capitalism and rely on an eclectic approach that draws insights from liberal, Keynesian and Marxian traditions.
Investor Extrapolation and Expected Returns

This paper takes a new approach to examine whether investors extrapolate from past returns to form expectations about future stock returns. Unlike prior research that relies on experiments or surveys to derive investors’ expectations, we estimate expected returns directly from stock prices, the book value of equity, and analyst earnings forecasts. We find that the expected returns are positively related to both past market returns and past stock returns. However, investors’ expectations seem to be overoptimistic (overpessimistic) for stocks that had extremely high (low) returns in the previous year. Furthermore, we find that investors’ expectations about future earnings growth rates are also positively related to past growth rates. The results remain robust after we control for analyst optimism and measures of risk. Taken together, our results are consistent with the findings that investors extrapolate from past stock returns and past earnings growth rates.
Pain, Anxiety, and Negative Outcome Expectations for Activity: Do Negative Psychological Profiles Differ Between the Inactive and Active?

Adherence to physical activity at ≥150 minutes/week has proven to offer disease management and health‐promoting benefits among adults with arthritis. While highly active people seem undaunted by arthritis pain and are differentiated from the moderately active by adherence‐related psychological factors, knowledge about inactive individuals is lacking. This knowledge may identify what to change in order to help inactive people begin and maintain physical activity. The present study examined the planned, self‐regulated activity of high, moderate, and inactive individuals to determine if differences existed in negative psychological factors.
The Japanese Bonus System and Human Capital

Abstract This study finds empirical support for the view that the Japanese bonus system represents, to a significant extent, returns to job-specific tenure. The bonus also appears to play a significantly different role from regular wage payments. An attempt is made to overcome some of the difficulties in using the annual cross section data of the Basic Survey of Wage Structure, an important data source of earlier studies. A pseudo-panel is constructed which tracks given age cohorts through their years of general experience and firm-specific tenure between the years 1971 and 1991. There is evidence of systematic changes in compensation growth in relation to specific tenure among age cohorts.
Use of the range area in organic egg production systems: effect of climatic factors, flock size, age and artificial cover

1. To evaluate the effect of climate, flock size, age and artificial cover on the use of range area, a study was conducted in 1994 to 1998, involving 5 farms with a total of 37 flocks of layers kept in commercial, free-range, organic systems. Flocks were visited regularly during the production period to record the number and distribution of hens on the range. 2. On average 9% of the flock used the range area, but with large variations both within and between flocks, and this was partly influenced by climatic factors. Range use was affected by temperature, wind, precipitation, season and age, and there was a tendency for reduced numbers of hens on the range with the time of day and increasing flock size. 3. Eight flocks (including houses and range areas) were divided into 8 paired units, and the range area of one unit in each of the flocks was provided with artificial cover. There were more hens on the range when artificial cover was present and the presence of cover attracted more hens away from the area immediately outside the hen house.
Strategies and Heuristics in the Analysis of a Natural Language in Machine Translation

The analysis phase in an indirect, transfer and global approach to machine translation is studied. The analysis conducted can be described as exhaustive (meaning with backtracking), depth-first and strategically and heuristically driven, while the grammar used is an augmented context free grammar. Thr problem areas, being pattern matching, ambiguities, forward propagation, checking for correctness and backtracking, are highlighted. Established results found in the literature are employed whenever adaptable, while suggestions are given otherwise.
Decomposing Changes in Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities to Isolate Earnings Management Activities

This paper provides evidence on the types of accounts that reveal earnings management activities. We build on Burgstahler and Dichev's (1997) evidence of earnings management to avoid an earnings decline and Phillips et al.'s (2003) findings that deferred tax expense (DTE) can be used to detect such earnings management. In particular, we investigate the relation between changes in annual earnings and changes in deferred tax asset and liability components using data hand‐collected from firms' income tax footnote disclosures. Our evidence indicates that changes in the net deferred tax liability (DTL) component related to revenue and expense accruals and reserves can be used to detect earnings management to avoid an earnings decline. In addition, we build on Joos et al.'s (2003) results and partition our sample into firm‐years with positive and negative changes in net DTLs and repeat our analyses. In contrast to the Joos et al. (2003) finding that DTE can be used to detect earnings management only for firm‐ye.
Recruitment of motor units in human forearm extensors.

1. Experiments were conducted on single motor units of two forearm muscles, extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and extensor digitorum communis (EDC) of human subjects. Our interest was whether or not task groups could be identified in these forearm muscles, and, if so, was there orderly recruitment within each task group. 2. To test for the presence of separate task groups within ECR, motor-unit recruitment was examined for two isometric contractions:wrist extension and radial deviation. Each of the ECR motor units tested repeatedly discharged during contractions in both directions, indicating the absence of separate task groups in ECR for contractions in these two directions. 3. Recruitment order between pairs of ECR motor-unit action potentials was examined for wrist extension and radial deviation. For 58 paired comparisons, the order of recruitment was the same in both directions. In terms of force output, plots of twitch torque versus recruitment threshold of ECR motor units showed a positive correlation for both directions, wrist extension and radial deviation, demonstrating size-ordered recruitment of ECR motoneurons for both contractions. 4. The EDC motoneuron pool exhibited two partially overlapping subpopulations of motoneurons on the basis of task, one subpopulation recruited for middle finger extension and the second one for ring finger extension. Contractions involving the index and little fingers were not examined. It is concluded that motor-unit task groups do exist within EDC motoneuron pool. Plots of twitch torque versus recruitment threshold showed positive correlations for each of these two task groups. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quorum size of Pseudomonas syringae is small and dictated by water availability on the leaf surface

The paradigm of bacterial quorum sensing (QS), which mediates cell-density-dependent gene expression, usually has been studied in high-cell-density planktonic liquid cultures or in biofilms in which signal concentrations accumulate to sufficiently high levels to induce QS. Presumably under conditions with restricted diffusion of the signal molecule, smaller population sizes could achieve such a state of QS induction. The plant-pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae, in which QS controls traits involved in epiphytic fitness and virulence, occurs on leaf surfaces in aggregates of various sizes. Because leaves often harbor limited surface water, we investigated the size of aggregates that would permit QS in a nonsaturated environment. QS induction was visualized via dual fluorescence of P. syringae cells harboring a transcriptional fusion of mRFP1 with ahlI, which exhibits N-acyl homoserine lactone-dependent transcriptional activity, and a constitutive GFP marker to account for all P. syringae cells on a leaf. Confocal microscopy revealed that, on wet leaves, no QS induction was evident within 2 days after inoculation, but it increased rapidly with increasing aggregate sizes >40 and 22 cells per aggregate by 3 and 4 days, respectively. In contrast, QS induction was common in aggregates >33 cells by 2 days after inoculation on dry leaves and increased rapidly with increasing aggregate sizes >35 and 13 cells after 3 and 4 days, respectively. These observations demonstrate that small groups of cells experience QS conditions on dry leaves where signal diffusion is restricted. Quorum size of bacteria in non-water-saturated environments such as on leaves is small, and QS induction may be commonly operative.
The role of water near charged interfaces: Molecular dynamics simulations of biological macromolecules in presence of high intense electric fields

Because of its central role in basically all aspects of science, water is certainly one of the most extensively investigated substances from a theoretical point of view. Moreover, the characterization of liquids and solutions under the effect of external electric fields is a long standing and challenging field of investigation for both theoretical and experimental approaches. In this work the behavior of water near charged interfaces has been evaluated considering two different cases: an ion in aqueous solution and a macromolecule of DNA. The methodology used is based on atomistic simulations, specifically adapted to account for the presence of exogenous electric fields.
The Structure and Behavior of Imports of Venezuela

IN the area of international trade, there have been a number of studies designed to explain imports and exports disaggregated by commodities. ' These studies, however, all concentrate on the trading patterns of industrial countries and there has been very little in the way of a systematic analysis of the imports and exports by types of commodities for developing countries. There is, of course, an obvious reason for ignoring these countries, and that has to do with the availability, or rather paucity, of adequate data; this data problem is most pronounced in the area of prices of disaggregated imports and exports. Although it is generally believed that the trading patterns of developing countries differ from those of the developed, an empirical examination would be necessary to determine the extent of such a difference. The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of the imports of Venezuela at both the aggregated and disaggregated levels during the period 1953-1972. Data on imports at a disaggregated level have recently been made available for Venezuela for a nine-commodity breakdown;2 the data include the value and price for each of these categories on an annual basis, as well as the price of the domestic competing product. These nine categories cover some 80% of the total Venezuelan imports. The results of this study should provide information on the behavior of different types of import goods and on the nature and extent of the bias involved in estimates of elasticities based only on aggregate imports.
FDI and Economic Growth Relationship: An Empirical Study on Malaysia

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been an important source of economic growth for Malaysia, bringing in capital investment, technology and management knowledge needed for economic growth. Thus, this paper aims to study the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Malaysia for the period 1970-2005 using time series data. Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions and the empirical analysis are conducted by using annual data on FDI and economy growth in Malaysia over the 1970-2005 periods. The paper used annual data from IMF International Financial Statistics tables, published by International Monetary Fund to find out the relationship between FDI and economic growth in Malaysia case. Results show that LGDP, LGNI and the LFDI series in Malaysia are I(1) series. There is sufficient evidence to show that there are significant relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) in Malaysia. FDI has direct positive impact on RGDP, which FDI rate increase by 1% will lead to the growth rate increase by 0.046072%. Furthermore, FDI also has direct positive impact on RGNI because when FDI rate increase by 1 %, this will lead the growth increase by 0.044877%.