Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Automatic Compound Semantic Analysis using Wordnets

Compound semantic analysis is the task of finding the correct internal relation between the constituents of a compound [3, 10]. In this paper we use a measure of semantic similarity [14] based on the relations in the Afrikaans WordNet [2] to determine the similarity between two Afrikaans compounds. We infer that if the different constituents of two compounds are semantically similar, the compounds will have the same internal semantic relation between the constituents. This wordnet-based approach is compared to existing approaches and we show that the approach attains similar precision, but lower recall. To improve recall, we investigate a method for automatically extending the Afrikaans WordNet based on freely available wiki-resources. Keywords—compound semantic analysis; semantic relations; Afrikaans WordNet; wordnet extension; Wiki-resources
Theoretical foundations of entity resolution models

Data quality is crucial in all information systems. As a key step in obtaining clean data, record linkage or entity resolution (ER) groups database records by the underlying real world entities. In this paper we give practical motivating examples and review the available ER formal models. The formal model for matching and merging records determines not just the power and quality, but also the algorithmic cost of the resolution process. Starting from a naive definition that may lead to unbounded entities or infinite loops and also discussing the shortcomings of the standard axioms, we give algebraic properties that lead to efficient record partitioning. Finally we describe algorithms suitable for complex entity resolution problems that may include fuzzy clustering to split a partition of records into potentially overlapping entities.
Magnetic Nanoparticle Enhanced Actuation Strategy for mixing, separation, and detection of biomolecules in a Microfluidic Lab-on-a-Chip System

Magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) combined with biomolecules in a microfluidic system can be efficiently used in various applications such as mixing, pre-concentration, separation and detection. They can be either integrated for point-of care applications or used individually in the area of bio-defense, drug delivery, medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical development. The interaction of magnetic fields with magnetic nanoparticles in microfluidic flows will allow simplifying the complexity of the present generation separation and detection systems. The ability to understand the dynamics of these interactions is a prerequisite for designing and developing more efficient systems. Therefore, in this work proof-of-concept experiments are combined with advanced numerical simulation to design, develop and optimize the magnetic microfluidic systems for mixing, separation and detection. Different strategies to combine magnetism with microfluidic technology are explored; a time-dependent magnetic actuation is used for efficiently mixing low volume of samples whereas tangential microfluidic channels were fabricated to demonstrate a simple low cost magnetic switching for continuous separation of biomolecules. A simple low cost generic microfluidic platform is developed using assembly of readily available permanent magnets and electromagnets. Microfluidic channels were fabricated at much lower cost and with a faster construction time using our in-house developed micromolding technique that does not require a clean room. Residence-time distribution (RTD) analysis obtained using dynamic light scattering data from samples was successfully used for the first time in microfluidic system to characterize the performance. Both advanced multiphysics finite element models and proof of concept experimentation demonstrates that MNPs when tagged with biomolecules can be easily manipulated within the microchannel. They can be precisely
Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data

Comparison of Values of Pearson's and Spearman's Correlation Coefficients on the Same Sets of Data Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a nonparametric (distribution-free) rank statistic proposed by Charles Spearman as a measure of the strength of an association between two variables. It is a measure of a monotone association that is used when the distribution of data makes Pearson's correlation coefficient undesirable or misleading. Spearman's coefficient is not a measure of the linear relationship between two variables, as some "statisticians" declare. It assesses how well an arbitrary monotonic function can describe a relationship between two variables, without making any assumptions about the frequency distribution of the variables. Unlike Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, it does not require the assumption that the relationship between the variables is linear, nor does it require the variables to be measured on interval scales; it can be used for variables measured at the ordinal level. The idea of the paper is to compare the values of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as their statistical significance for different sets of data (original - for Pearson's coefficient, and ranked data for Spearman's coefficient) describing regional indices of socio-economic development.
Nano-structural refinement of metallic surfaces by using low-compression cyclical loading

Recent studies on very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) have observed a unique fracture surface with a fine granular area around the crack origin that arises from long-term repeated contacts of fracture surfaces (over 10 7 cycles). A fine microstructure including nanocrystalline is known to form in the matrix just beneath the fracture surface. Focusing on these phenomena, this study devised a new surface modification technique, called Cyclic Press (CP), that creates a nanocrystalline layer using cyclic compressive loading. Repeated low-compression loadings were applied to the surfaces of SNCM439 high-strength steel and ADC12 die-cast aluminum alloy with an indenter for 5 × 10 7 cycles. Then, the surfaces and cross sections were analyzed by using a laser microscope, a scanning electron microscope, a scanning ion microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). As a result, a nanocrystalline structure very similar to that of the cross section beneath the fracture surface in the VHCF regime clearly formed in the surface layer of both materials. Additionally, an oxygen-rich layer formed at the surface of the CP-treated ADC12. This result was considered to be caused by diffusion of elemental oxygen in the atmosphere by a huge number of repeated contacts between the indenter and specimen. Overall, the results indicate that CP is a useful technique for forming nanocrystalline layers in metal surfaces and can also be expected as a new method for diffusing surrounding gaseous elements into surfaces at room temperature.
Generalization and Generalizability Measures

Defines the generalization problem, summarizes various approaches in generalization, identifies the credit assignment problem, and presents the problem and some solutions in measuring generalizability. We discuss anomalies in the ordering of hypotheses in a subdomain when performance is normalized and averaged, and show conditions under which anomalies can be eliminated. To generalize performance across subdomains, we present a measure called "probability of win" which measures the probability that one hypothesis is better than another. Finally, we discuss some limitations in using probabilities of win, and we illustrate their application in finding new parameter values for TimberWolf, a package for VLSI cell placement and routing.
Sequence variants on 17q21 are associated with the susceptibility of asthma in the population of Lahore, Pakistan

Abstract Objective: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 17q21 are known to be associated with asthma disease in multiple populations. This study was designed to know whether this region is associated with asthma in Lahore region population or not. Methods: A total of 200 asthma patients and 100 healthy controls were enrolled from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Twelve SNPs from chromosomal region 17q21 were analyzed in cases and controls by single base extension method and capillary-based genetic analyzers. Associations with asthma were checked using basic allelic model, genotypic model, and results were adjusted by logistic regression analysis using PLINK v1.9. Pair-wise linkage disequilibrium among the SNPs was analyzed by using Haploview software. Results: SNP rs3816470 showed a strong association (p = 8.89 × 10−5, Odd Ratio = 3.082 [1.755-5.41]) with asthma, whereas rs3859192 and rs6503525 also showed a significant association with the development of asthma, especially in the case of positive family history. In LD block1 (93 kb) consisting of six SNPs (rs12936231, rs7216389, rs7216558, rs9894164, rs1007654 and rs7212938), none of the haplotypes show any significant association with asthma except the haplotype “CCTCAG”, which is a significant protective factor against asthma having frequency 0.051 in controls while 0.017 in cases (p = 3.56 × 10−2, χ2 = 4.415). Conclusion: The present study reports that the polymorphic genomic variant rs3816470 is significantly and independently associated with asthma in the studied population, while the variants, rs6503525 and rs3859192, also indicate a significant association with asthma in this population when family history of the disease is taken as a covariate.
Analysis of multivariate probit models

SUMMARY This paper provides a practical simulation-based Bayesian and non-Bayesian analysis of correlated binary data using the multivariate probit model. The posterior distribution is simulated by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and maximum likelihood estimates are obtained by a Monte Carlo version of the EM algorithm. A practical approach for the computation of Bayes factors from the simulation output is also developed. The methods are applied to a dataset with a bivariate binary response, to a four-year longitudinal dataset from the Six Cities study of the health effects of air pollution and to a sevenvariate binary response dataset on the labour supply of married women from the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics.
Distal and Proximal Factors of Health Behaviors and Their Associations with Health in Children and Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the present paper was to analyze factors affecting distal and proximal health behavior within a biopsychosocial model for examining their interactions and associations with respect to health. Methods: Path analysis was based on the nationwide, cross-sectional German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (2003 to 2006). The data was collected from 4,529 participants with an average age of 9.45 years (SD = 4.01). Socio-demographic data, psychosocial factors and health behavior were assessed via questionnaire. Participants also underwent physical fitness tests and a medical examination. Results: Over the five levels of the model analyzed with socioeconomic status, immigration background, and rural-urban differences on the first level; physical activity of relatives and peers, intrinsic motivation, and quality of life on the second level; eating patterns, sedentary behavior, and physical activity on the third level; physical fitness and objective health on the fourth level; and health complaints and subjective health on the fifth level; direct, moderation, and mediation effects could be shown. Conclusions: Several distal and proximal factors are needed to take account of the multivariate complexity of health: e.g., immigration background affected health behaviors only indirectly and the effect of physical activity on objective health was mediated by physical fitness.
Genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway is associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density in men

The aim of this study was to determine if single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RANKL, RANK, and OPG influence bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in men. Pairwise tag SNPs (r2 ≥ 0.8) were selected for RANKL, RANK, and OPG and their 10‐kb flanking regions. Selected tag SNPs plus five SNPs near RANKL and OPG, associated with BMD in published genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), were genotyped in 2653 men aged 40 to 79 years of age recruited for participation in a population‐based study of male aging, the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). N‐terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX‐I) serum levels were measured in all men. BMD at the calcaneus was estimated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in all men. Lumbar spine and total‐hip areal BMD (BMDa) was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subsample of 620 men. Multiple OPG, RANK, and RANKL SNPs were associated with bone turnover markers. We also identified a number of SNPs associated with BMD, including rs2073618 in OPG and rs9594759 near RANKL. The minor allele of rs2073618 (C) was associated with higher levels of both PINP (β = 1.83, p = .004) and CTX‐I (β = 17.59, p = 4.74 × 10−4), and lower lumbar spine BMDa (β = −0.02, p = .026). The minor allele of rs9594759 (C) was associated with lower PINP (β = −1.84, p = .003) and CTX‐I (β = −27.02, p = 6.06 × 10−8) and higher ultrasound BMD at the calcaneus (β = 0.01, p = .037). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway influences bone turnover and BMD in European men. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Construct validity in psychological tests.

Validation of psychological tests has not yet been adequately conceptualized, as the APA Committee on Psychological Tests learned when it undertook (1950-54) to specify what qualities should be investigated before a test is published. In order to make coherent recommendations the Committee found it necessary to distinguish four types of validity, established by different types of research and requiring different interpretation. The chief innovation in the Committee's report was the term construct validity. [2] This idea was first formulated by a subcommittee (Meehl and R. C. Challman) studying how proposed recommendations would apply to projective techniques, and later modified and clarified by the entire Committee (Bordin, Challman, Conrad, Humphreys, Super, and the present writers). The statements agreed upon by the Committee (and by committees of two other associations) were published in the Technical Recommendations (59). The present interpretation of construct validity is not "official" and deals with some areas where the Committee would probably not be unanimous. The present writers are solely responsible for this attempt to explain the concept and elaborate its implications.
Research on reaction brazing of Ti layer-coated SiCp/Al composites using Al-based filler metal foil

ABSTRACT Aluminum metal matrix composites with high SiC particle content (SiCp/Al MMCs) was surface metalized with Ti layer by magnetron sputtering technology, and reaction brazing was performed on it by using rapidly cooled Al-12Si-5Mg (wt.%) foil as filler metal. Microstructures and properties of the brazed joints were observed and discussed by secondary electron imaging and shearing test, respectively. The bonding mechanisms of SiC particle/Ti coating layer/filler interfaces were analyzed by the thermodynamic method and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Results show that void-free joint is obtained at 575°C for a soaking time of 30 min, and it achieves a shear strength of 106.4 MPa. In the brazed seam, continuous Mg-O-rich layer (~1 μm thick) indicates that Mg promotes wetting in progress, and 45.54Ti-15.01Al-39.45Si (wt.%) intermetallic layer shows reaction brazing occurred by active Ti action. However, fracture is prior to occur in the intermetallic layer because of its high briteness when the brazed seam is subjected to high load. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Association of adverse drug reactions with drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in frail older outpatients.

SIR—The most common type of medication-related adverse events in older adults is Type A (‘augmented’) adverse drug reactions (ADRs) [1–3]. Type A reactions are an exaggeration of the expected pharmacologic effect of a drug. These ADRs are more predictable, dose dependent and potentially preventable than Type B (‘bizarre’) ADRs (i.e. allergic reactions) [3, 4]. The relationship of different elements of suboptimal prescribing to ADRs in older outpatients has not been adequately explored. Recently, Chrischilles et al. [5] examined the association between multiple aspects of potentially inappropriate prescribing (defined by explicit criteria for drugs-to-avoid, drug–disease interactions, drug–drug interactions and therapeutic duplication) with self-reported adverse drug events (ADEs). A recent study used a modified weighting system for the medication appropriateness index (MAI), a validated measure that employs a standardised implicit approach to determining prescribing appropriateness, to examine the association of potentially inappropriate prescribing with self-reported ADEs [6, 7]. Neither of the above studies, however, had a specific focus on Type A ADRs. Given this background, the objective of this study was to determine whether incorrect dosage, incorrect directions, drug–drug interactions and drug–disease interactions, as measured by the MAI, are associated with the Type A ADRs among frail older veterans transitioning from the hospital to the community.
A Lactose-Binding Lectin from the Marine Sponge Cinachyrella Apion (Cal) Induces Cell Death in Human Cervical Adenocarcinoma Cells

Cancer represents a set of more than 100 diseases, including malignant tumors from different locations. Strategies inducing differentiation have had limited success in the treatment of established cancers. Marine sponges are a biological reservoir of bioactive molecules, especially lectins. Several animal and plant lectins were purified with antitumor activity, mitogenic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral, but there are few reports in the literature describing the mechanism of action of lectins purified from marine sponges to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells. In this work, a lectin purified from the marine sponge Cinachyrella apion (CaL) was evaluated with respect to its hemolytic, cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, besides the ability to induce cell death in tumor cells. The antiproliferative activity of CaL was tested against HeLa, PC3 and 3T3 cell lines, with highest growth inhibition for HeLa, reducing cell growth at a dose dependent manner (0.5–10 µg/mL). Hemolytic activity and toxicity against peripheral blood cells were tested using the concentration of IC50 (10 µg/mL) for both trials and twice the IC50 for analysis in flow cytometry, indicating that CaL is not toxic to these cells. To assess the mechanism of cell death caused by CaL in HeLa cells, we performed flow cytometry and western blotting. Results showed that lectin probably induces cell death by apoptosis activation by pro-apoptotic protein Bax, promoting mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, cell cycle arrest in S phase and acting as both dependent and/or independent of caspases pathway. These results indicate the potential of CaL in studies of medicine for treating cancer.
Large-scale programmable silicon photonics

In the past few years, new concepts for general-purpose, programmable photonic integrated circuits have been proposed. These stand in contrast to custom-designed, application-specific photonic integrated circuits (ASPIC), in a similar way as electronic field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and microcontrollers stand in contrast with application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC). Several programmable PIC concepts have already been experimentally demonstrated on a modest scale, reproducing functionality in programming that was hitherto limited to custom-designed hardware. The PhotonicSWARM project looks into the scaling potential of such programmable PICs, combining distributed optical paths with distributed control algorithms to keep larger circuits manageable. We will discuss these concepts and the recent results in this project, implemented using silicon photonics technology.
Syntactic Category Learning as Iterative Prototype-Driven Clustering

We lay out a model for minimally supervised syntactic category acquisition which combines psychologically plausible concepts from standard NLP part-of-speech tagging applications with simple cognitively motivated distributional statistics. The model assumes a small set of seed words (Haghighi and Klein, 2006), an approach with motivation in (Pinker, 1984)’s semantic bootstrapping hypothesis, and repeatedly constructs hierarchical ag-glomerative clusterings over a growing lexicon. Clustering is performed on the basis of word-adjacent syntactic frames alone (Mintz, 2003) with no reference to word-internal features, which has been shown to yield qualitatively coherent POS clusters (Redington et al., 1998). A prototype-driven labeling process based on tree-distance yields results comparable to unsupervised algorithms based on complex statistical optimization while maintaining its cognitive underpinnings.
Discrimination in the solid state during crystallization : application to phenanthrene ultrapurification

Crystallization is a process during which molecules self assembly from a disordered (liquid, amorphous or gaseous) phase. The miscibility in the solid state between a component of interest and its impurity depends on: (i) their molecular structures, (ii) the crystal structure of the host lattice (namely, that of the component of interest). When no solid solution exists, the impurity can be completely eliminated from the target product after optimization of the crystallization conditions.The present thesis intends to demonstrate that, when two compounds present similar molecular structures with low-density crystal structures, solid solution formation can occur which prevents from their complete separation. Conversely, in case of sufcient dissimilarity, no solid solution is stable and their separation is possible thanks to a large discrimination in the solid state. The phenanthrene system – a model compound used as base for the synthesis of morphine derivatives – was chosen to illustrate this thesis. Several crystallization methods (zone melting, co-crystallization, solvent assisted crystallization and sublimation-condensation) were investigated and permitted, after optimization and combination, to obtain 99.999(9) mole % purity phenanthrene (which is above the ultrapure grade of 99.9 mole %).
MEK 1 Binds Directly to Arrestin 1 , Influencing Both Its Phosphorylation by ERK and the Timing of Its Isoprenaline-stimulated Internalization *

Dong Meng, Martin J. Lynch, Elaine Huston, Michael Beyermann, Jenny Eichhorst, David R. Adams, Enno Klussmann, Miles D. Houslay, and George S. Baillie From Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Wolfson Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom, the Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany, and the Department of Chemistry, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton Campus, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland, United Kingdom