Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetics of childhood disorders: XXI. ADHD, part 5: a behavioral genetic perspective.

We believe that a valid classification is an essential step in science. In medicine, and hence in psychiatry, classification is diagnosis. —Robins and Guze, 1970, p. 107 As conceptualized in DSM-IV, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common syndrome of childhood characterized by problems of inattention and/or hyperactive-impulsive behavior that is frequently associated with comorbid psychiatric conditions and educational or vocational failure. The prevalence of ADHD is estimated to be between 3% and 9% in children and several-fold higher in boys. These prevalence estimates and recent prescription patterns for stimulant medications have led to controversies in the lay press regarding possible overdiagnosis and overtreatment of ADHD. The results of modern twin studies suggest that much of the controversy surrounding the supposed epidemic of ADHD is secondary to fundamental misconceptualizations about its nature. Notwithstanding the tremendous advances in treatment and research that have been made possible by the adoption of a standard diagnostic nomenclature, the DSM approach is categorical. In contrast, the results of several population-based twin studies from around the world are most compatible with ADHD representing the extreme of one or more continua of problems with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (for example, Levy et al., 1997). If correct, ADHD is akin to common medical conditions such as hypertension or diabetes in that the criteria for defining who is ill represent an arbitrary cutoff along a continuum of blood pressure or serum glucose level, respectively. The definition of a case, then, becomes entwined with the efficacy of our treatment approaches, whether pharmacological or behavioral. The conceptualization of ADHD as a quantitative trait is in keeping with the noncategorical tradition such as represented by the Attention Problems (AP) scale of Achenbach (1977). Whether viewed as a discrete disorder or as a quantitative trait, estimates of the heritability of ADHD are uniformly high (reviewed by Faraone and Biederman, 1998; Todd, 2000).
Word-Level Confidence Estimation for Machine Translation using Phrase-Based Translation Models

Confidence measures for machine translation is a method for labeling each word in an automatically generated translation as correct or incorrect. In this paper, we will present a new approach to confidence estimation which has the advantage that it does not rely on system output such as N-best lists or word graphs as many other confidence measures do. It is, thus, applicable to any kind of machine translation system.Experimental evaluation has been performed on translation of technical manuals in three different language pairs. Results will be presented for different machine translation systems to show that the new approach is independent of the underlying machine translation system which generated the translations. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of the new confidence measure is better than that of any existing confidence measure.
Investigating a double layer Vivaldi antenna design for fixed array field measurement

Vivaldi antenna is widely known as a broadband antenna. In this paper, we investigate a modified Vivaldi antenna with improved cross polarisation working in the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range (3.1-10.6 GHz) to be used as multiple probes for microwave tomography system. Our study includes investigation of radiation characteristics of the antenna, antenna design steps, fabrication sensitivity effects on the antenna performance and proposing and implementing a twenty-four antenna element system for fast data acquisition, including a novel method for frequency selection in microwave tomography applications. We also studied the fidelity parameter of the antennas inside the twenty-four element setup. The mutual coupling of adjacent elements, in spite of close proximity, is less than -17dB and fidelity variations for the antennas located in front of transmitter are less than 10%.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Modelling Atmospheric Oh-reactivity in a Boreal Forest Ecosystem

We have modelled the total atmospheric OH-reactivity in a boreal forest and investigated the individual contributions from gas phase inorganic species, iso-prene, monoterpenes, and methane along with other important VOCs. Daily and seasonal variation in OH-reactivity for the year 2008 was examined as well as the vertical OH-reactivity profile. We have used SOSA; a one dimensional vertical chemistry-transport model (Boy et al., 2011a) together with measurements from Hyytiälä, SMEAR II station, Southern Finland, conducted in August 2008. Model simulations only account for ∼30–50 % of the total measured OH sink, and in our opinion, the reason for missing OH-reactivity is due to unmeasured unknown BVOCs, and limitations in our knowledge of atmospheric chemistry including uncertainties in rate constants. Furthermore, we found that the OH-reactivity correlates with both organic and inorganic compounds and increases during summer. The summertime canopy level OH-reactivity peaks during night and the vertical OH-reactivity decreases with height.
Pathwise Estimation of Probability Sensitivities Through Terminating or Steady-State Simulations

A probability is the expectation of an indicator function. However, the standard pathwise sensitivity estimation approach, which interchanges the differentiation and expectation, cannot be directly applied because the indicator function is discontinuous. In this paper, we design a pathwise sensitivity estimator for probability functions based on a result of Hong [Hong, L. J. 2009. Estimating quantile sensitivities. Oper. Res.57(1) 118--130]. We show that the estimator is consistent and follows a central limit theorem for simulation outputs from both terminating and steady-state simulations, and the optimal rate of convergence of the estimator is n-2/5 where n is the sample size. We further demonstrate how to use importance sampling to accelerate the rate of convergence of the estimator to n-1/2, which is the typical rate of convergence for statistical estimation. We illustrate the performances of our estimators and compare them to other well-known estimators through several examples.
An alignment-free method to find similarity among protein sequences via the general form of Chou’s pseudo amino acid composition

In this paper, we propose a method to create the 60-dimensional feature vector for protein sequences via the general form of pseudo amino acid composition. The construction of the feature vector is based on the contents of amino acids, total distance of each amino acid from the first amino acid in the protein sequence and the distribution of 20 amino acids. The obtained cosine distance metric (also called the similarity matrix) is used to construct the phylogenetic tree by the neighbour joining method. In order to show the applicability of our approach, we tested it on three proteins: 1) ND5 protein sequences from nine species, 2) ND6 protein sequences from eight species, and 3) 50 coronavirus spike proteins. The results are in agreement with known history and the output from the multiple sequence alignment program ClustalW, which is widely used. We have also compared our phylogenetic results with six other recently proposed alignment-free methods. These comparisons show that our proposed method gives a more consistent biological relationship than the others. In addition, the time complexity is linear and space required is less as compared with other alignment-free methods that use graphical representation. It should be noted that the multiple sequence alignment method has exponential time complexity.
On the Improvement of Vehicular Macroscopic Mobility Models

Evaluating large scale vehicular networks solutions is a great challenge once real experiments are not feasible yet and there are no large scale testbeds available. Thus, the most used evaluation technique is simulation, which requires a realistic mobility model to provide accurate results. However, building large scale realistic vehicular mobility models is a hard task and many important characteristics have been neglected, like the origin-destination (O-D) macroscopic one. In this work it is proposed a trace-based O-D macroscopic model inferred by the adoption of statistical techniques in order to characterize a validated traffic model. This work contributes to the research community by providing a more realistic O-D macroscopic model, which can be considered a complement for many traffic generators available in literature.
Saving Can Save from Death Anxiety: Mortality Salience and Financial Decision-Making

Four studies tested the idea that saving money can buffer death anxiety and constitute a more effective buffer than spending money. Saving can relieve future-related anxiety and provide people with a sense of control over their fate, thereby rendering death thoughts less threatening. Study 1 found that participants primed with both saving and spending reported lower death fear than controls. Saving primes, however, were associated with significantly lower death fear than spending primes. Study 2 demonstrated that mortality primes increase the attractiveness of more frugal behaviors in save-or-spend dilemmas. Studies 3 and 4 found, in two different cultures (Polish and American), that the activation of death thoughts prompts people to allocate money to saving as opposed to spending. Overall, these studies provided evidence that saving protects from existential anxiety, and probably more so than spending.
Determinants and outcomes of coronary angiography after non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A cohort study of the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP)

Objective: To investigate determinants of, and outcomes from, coronary angiography and intervention in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Design: Observational study. Setting: 44 British hospitals with interventional facilities. Patients: 13 489 admissions with NSTEMI; July 2005 to December 2006. Main outcome measures: Rate of angiography during index admission; death and readmission to hospital within 180 days. Results: Significantly lower rates of angiography were seen for women, the elderly, the most deprived and those having cardiac, and most non-cardiac, comorbidities. Performance of angiography, compared with no angiography, was not associated with lower rate of readmission (multiple adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.24) unless accompanied by coronary intervention (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.95). Angiography was associated with reduction in 180-day mortality for survivors of hospitalisation (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.72); with greater reduction when followed by an intervention (HR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.42). This mortality benefit after intervention was seen both in women (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.60) and men (HR = 0.31, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.41), and across age groups: <65 years (HR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.44), 65–79 years (HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.39) and ⩾80 years (HR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.74). Mortality benefit was not significantly attenuated by the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: Performance of angiography and coronary intervention after NSTEMI was associated with mortality benefit that persisted in the presence of both cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities. Mortality benefit was seen across age groups and was similar for both sexes.
A Green Enterprise Computing Architecture for Developing Countries

Developing countries often have access to limited energy resources, which frequently results in power cuts and failures. During these power cuts, enterprises rely on backup sources for power such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and electric generators. This paper proposes AnywareDC, an architecture that builds on the recent work on Anyware to reduce energy utilization in the presence of such intermittent power supplies. Anyware reduces energy usage by providing enterprise users laptops instead of desktops, while maintaining performance using a central compute cluster. Our basic insight is that in the presence of power cuts, only the routers and the cluster needs to be provided power: the laptops can continue to run on their own batteries. This reduces both energy usage and UPS load allowing it to supply power for longer, thus also saving generator fuel costs. Simulations show that this architecture reduces energy usage by up to 80% compared to one not using Anyware, and by up to 20% compared to Anyware.
Experimental Evaluation of Reference Signal Interference Canceller for Multi-BS Cooperative Transmission Control in LTE

Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is attracting attention recently. In ICIC, mutual interference among cells are coordinated to mitigate strong interference to UEs, while the exchange of data signal is not necessary among eNBs, which results in lower signal processing and networking burdens compared to coordinated multi-point (CoMP) transmission. In ICIC, the interference from an eNB to UEs in surrounding cells can be mitigated by stopping signal transmission (muting) on some time or frequency radio resources. However, even when the data signal transmission is stopped, common signals such as reference signal (RS) continue to be transmitted in LTE systems. Therefore, UEs still receive the residual interference from the RS, which degrades the performance. To solve this issue, we proposed an RS interference canceller. Because the RS is a common signal, the signal can be detected and removed (cancelled) by any UE. We evaluated the effect of the canceller by computer simulation and clarified that it yields improved performance in the simple single-input single-output (SISO) antenna configuration. In this paper, we extended the canceller to the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration. We also propose a frequency-domain interference canceller, which drastically reduces signal processing cost without degrading performance. Furthermore, we implement the proposed canceller on 3GPP Release 8 LTE UE and conduct an experimental evaluation. The results demonstrate that the proposed canceller gives high performance improvement even with actual equipment.
On symbol mappings in bit interleaved coded modulation with iterative detection

Key word. Iterative detection, EXIT chart, Turbo receiver Abstract. In this paper we investigate bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) for bandwidth efficient transmission. For this receiver scheme the bit error rate is reduced through iterations between a multilevel demapper and the channel decoder. The assignment strategy of the binary indices to signal points is crucial in order to achieve a significant turbo-gain. We address the problem of finding the most suitable index assign- ments to arbitrary, high order signal constellations. The method based on the binary switching algorithm is studied to find optimized symbol mapping. Cuvinte cheie. Detecţie iterativă, diagrama EXIT, receptor Turbo Rezumat. In acest articol analizăm tehnica modulaţiei codate cu interţeserea biţilor si detecţie iterativă (BICM-ID) pentru transmisiuni eficiente de bandă limitată. Pentru această schemă de recepţie, rata de eronare binară se reduce de-a lungul iteraţiilor dintre blocul de detecţie de simbol si decodorul de canal. Modul prin care biţii codaţi se alocă punctelor din constelaţia simbolurilor este foarte importantă pentru a obţine un câstig semnificativ prin prelucrare iterativă. S-a abordat problema găsirii regulii cea mai potrivită pentru alocarea indicilor simbolurilor pentru o modulaţie multinivel arbitrară.
Recognizing Surgically Altered Face Images Using Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm

Widespread acceptability and use of biometrics for person authentication has instigated several techniques for evading identification. One such technique is altering facial appearance using surgical procedures that has raised a challenge for face recognition algorithms. Increasing popularity of plastic surgery and its effect on automatic face recognition has attracted attention from the research community. However, the nonlinear variations introduced by plastic surgery remain difficult to be modeled by existing face recognition systems. In this research, a multiobjective evolutionary granular algorithm is proposed to match face images before and after plastic surgery. The algorithm first generates non-disjoint face granules at multiple levels of granularity. The granular information is assimilated using a multiobjective genetic approach that simultaneously optimizes the selection of feature extractor for each face granule along with the weights of individual granules. On the plastic surgery face database, the proposed algorithm yields high identification accuracy as compared to existing algorithms and a commercial face recognition system.
Functional results of conservative therapy accompanied by interscalane brachial plexus block and patient-controlled analgesia in cases with frozen shoulder.

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the efficacy of simultaneous interscalene block and catheter analgesia applied as an aid to conservative treatment in improving shoulder functions in patients with frozen shoulder. METHODS Three patients (2 women, 1 man; mean age 47 years) with frozen shoulder underwent conservative treatment including manipulation under interscalene brachial plexus block and subsequent rehabilitation under catheter analgesia to improve shoulder range of motion and function. Following manipulation under interscalene block, the patients were hospitalized for 15 to 28 days (mean 21 days) for an exercise program performed by a physiotherapist and orthopedist at least twice a day under interscalene catheter analgesia. Thirty minutes before each rehabilitation session, patient-controlled analgesia was administered via a pain relief pump. Active and passive range of motion (ROM) were measured and the severity of pain was rated using a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to and following interscalene block, during the exercise program, and at the end of the treatment. Functional assessments were made before and after treatment using the University of California in Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Scale. The exercise program under interscalene analgesia was performed until pain-free and sufficient active movements were obtained, with at least 80% improvement in active and passive motion, a VAS score of 0-2, and an UCLA score of >27. RESULTS Compared to pretreatment values, the ROM values showed remarkable increases at the end of the treatment. Active ROM reached at least 30 degrees external rotation, 40 degrees internal rotation, 150 degrees flexion, 45 degrees extension, and 100 degrees abduction in all cases. On presentation, the VAS scores of all cases were 10 for both active and passive movements, whereas they ranged from 0 to 2 on discharge. The mean UCLA score increased from 12.3 to 30.3 after treatment. Immediately after the interscalene block, two patients exhibited signs of Horner's syndrome which resolved spontaneously within an hour without the need for treatment. No complications or catheter-related problems such as infection, break-off, or displacement developed throughout the treatment period. There was no requirement for additional analgesia. CONCLUSION In patients with frozen shoulder, interscalene block and continuous patient-controlled analgesia via an interscalene catheter provided sufficient analgesia and contributed to the recovery of shoulder functions through an effective and safe exercise program, with no side effects or complications. However, further studies are needed to assess the feasibility of home applications of interscalene patient-controlled analgesia to increase cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction.
Determination of Minutiae Scores for Fingerprint Image Applications

Many Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) are based on minutiae matching. Minutiae are the terminations and bifurcations of the ridge lines in a fingerprint image. A gray-scale fingerprint image that has undergone binarization, followed by thinning, in order to extract the minutiae, may contain hundreds of minutiae, all of which are not so vivid and obvious in the original image. Thus, the set of minutiae that are well-defined and more prominent than the rest should be given higher relevance and importance in the process of minutiae matching. In this work, a gray-scale fingerprint image is first preprocessed to produce a thinned binary image. Next, a method to assign a score value to each of the extracted minutiae is proposed, based on certain topographical properties of a minutia. The score associated to a minutia signifies its robustness and prominence. A minutia with a higher score value should be considered with higher priority in the matching scheme to yield better results. Experimental results on several standard databases have been reported.
Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin in delirium

Synopsis Cerebrospinal fluid somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (CSF SLI) was determined for 67 elderly patients who met the DSM-III criteria for delirium and for 19 age-matched controls. As a group, and also when subdivided according to the type of delirium, severity of cognitive decline or the type of central nervous system disease, the delirious patients showed significant reductions of SLI compared with the controls, together with a declining trend associated with increasing cognitive dysfunction. These findings are in accordance with previous observations that reduced CSF SLI is associated with diseases in which cognitive function is disturbed and they extend this finding to delirium.
Chinese International Students' Cross-cultural Adaptation and Online Communication

This study explored Chinese international students’ computer mediated communication with both Americans and Chinese during their studying in the U.S. based on a Cross-Cultural Adaptation theory. The specific purpose of this study was to test five theorems of the theory with a sample of Chinese international students and to explore how Chinese international students’ intercultural transformation, adaptive personality, host communication competence, and their interpersonal and mass communication with both host and ethnic groups associate together. This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council.
The effect of substrate binding on the conformation and structural stability of Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase

The structure of Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TKHSV1) is known at high resolution in complex with a series of ligands and exhibits important structural similarities to the nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase family, which are known to show large conformational changes upon binding of substrates. The effect of substrate binding on the conformation and structural stability of TKHSV1, measured by thermal denaturation experiments, far‐UV circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence is described, and the results indicate that the conformation of the ligand‐free TKHSV1 is less ordered and less stable compared to the ligated enzyme. Furthermore, two crystal structures of TKHSV1 in complex with two new ligands, HPT and HMTT, refined to 2.2 Å are presented. Although TKHSV1:HPT does not exhibit any significant deviations from the model of TKHSV1:dT, the TKHSV1:HMTT complex displays a unique conformationally altered active site resulting in a lowered thermal stability of this complex. Moreover, we show that binding affinity and binding mode of the ligand correlate with thermal stability of the complex. We use this correlation to propose a method to estimate binding constants for new TKHSV1substrates using thermal denaturation measurements monitored by CD spectroscopy. The kinetic and structural results of both test substrates HPT and HMTT show that the CD thermal denaturation system is very sensitive to conformational changes caused by unusual binding of a substrate analog.