Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards Massive, Ultra-Reliable, and Low-Latency Wireless: The Art of Sending Short Packets

Most of the recent advances in the design of high-speed wireless systems are based on information-theoretic principles that demonstrate how to efficiently transmit long data packets. However, the upcoming 5G wireless systems will need to support novel traffic types that use short packets. For example, short packets represent the most common form of traffic generated by sensors and other devices involved in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications. Furthermore, there are emerging applications in which small packets are expected to carry critical information that should be received with low latency and ultra-high reliability. Current wireless systems are not designed to support short-packet transmissions. For example, the design of current systems rely on the assumption that the metadata (control information) is typically of negligible size compared to the actual information payload. Hence, although metadata is often transmitted using heuristic methods, this does not affect the overall system performance. When the packets are short, however, metadata may be of the same size as the payload, and the conventional methods to transmit it may be highly suboptimal. In this article, we review recent advances in information theory, which provide the theoretical principles that govern the transmission of short packets. We then apply these principles to three exemplary scenarios (the two-way channel, the downlink broadcast channel, and the uplink random access channel), thereby illustrating how the transmission of control information can be optimized when the packets are short. The insights brought by these examples suggest that new principles are needed for the design of wireless protocols supporting short packets. These principles will have a direct impact on the operations of the upcoming 5G systems.
The Structure of [Fe(CO)4 ]-An Important New Chapter in a Long-Running Story.

The structure of the singlet state (1 A1 ) of [Fe(CO)4 ] in the gas phase has been determined by a combination of laser photochemistry of [Fe(CO)5 ] and electron diffraction imaging. The ground state of [Fe(CO)4 ] is known to be a triplet species (3 B2 ), and this is the species detected in picosecond time-resolved IR experiments with [Fe(CO)5 ] in solution. This is an appropriate moment to survey the state of knowledge on [Fe(CO)4 ], beginning from the first low-temperature matrix experiments.
Seasonal Variations in the Diet and Foraging Behaviour of Dunlins Calidris alpina in a South European Estuary: Improved Feeding Conditions for Northward Migrants

During the annual cycle, migratory waders may face strikingly different feeding conditions as they move between breeding areas and wintering grounds. Thus, it is of crucial importance that they rapidly adjust their behaviour and diet to benefit from peaks of prey abundance, in particular during migration, when they need to accumulate energy at a fast pace. In this study, we compared foraging behaviour and diet of wintering and northward migrating dunlins in the Tagus estuary, Portugal, by video-recording foraging birds and analysing their droppings. We also estimated energy intake rates and analysed variations in prey availability, including those that were active at the sediment surface. Wintering and northward migrating dunlins showed clearly different foraging behaviour and diet. In winter, birds predominantly adopted a tactile foraging technique (probing), mainly used to search for small buried bivalves, with some visual surface pecking to collect gastropods and crop bivalve siphons. Contrastingly, in spring dunlins generally used a visual foraging strategy, mostly to consume worms, but also bivalve siphons and shrimps. From winter to spring, we found a marked increase both in the biomass of invertebrate prey in the sediment and in the surface activity of worms and siphons. The combination of these two factors, together with the availability of shrimps in spring, most likely explains the changes in the diet and foraging behaviour of dunlins. Northward migrating birds took advantage from the improved feeding conditions in spring, achieving 65% higher energy intake rates as compared with wintering birds. Building on these results and on known daily activity budgets for this species, our results suggest that Tagus estuary provides high-quality feeding conditions for birds during their stopovers, enabling high fattening rates. These findings show that this large wetland plays a key role as a stopover site for migratory waders within the East Atlantic Flyway.
Non-linear analysis of heart rate variability and its application to predict hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery

A non-linear analysis of heart rate variability is carried out through two complexity measures (Correlation Dimension and Pointwise Correlation Dimension) and two regularity measures (Approximate Entropy and Sample Entropy) in order to predict hypotension episodes occurred during spinal anesthesia in cesarean delivery. These methods are applied to RR-interval series, during which woman adopts two alternative positions, one physiologically relaxed (PR) and one physiologically stressed (PS). Results show that women who developed hypotension have significantly higher (p-value ≤ 0.05) complexity measures at PR position, (and significantly lower values for the PS position), than those who did not developed the disease. Regarding the regularity measures, women who developed hypotension have lower values, but not arriving to significance, during PS position than those who did not developed it, whereas those values remain almost constant for PR position.
Swap Agreements under Dual-default Risk : A Simulation Approach

This paper considers procedures for finding the net expected return of plain-vanilla interest rate swaps when both counterparts are subject to default risk. The main explanatory variable for the net expected return of a swap is the default intensity of each party measured by the credit rating of the firm. We derive the net expected return of the swap as a function of the credit rating of the firm receiving the fixed interest rate and credit rating of the firm receiving the floating interest rate. This net expected return will also depend on the stochastic process assumed for the short term interest rate as well as the initial interest rate, the time to maturity and the time between settlements. We calibrate a counting process, using historical data, for each firm. These processes represent the time to bankruptcy for each firm. We also calibrate a CIR-model for the short-term interest rate using historical data. These calibrated processes are used in Monte Carlo simulations to derive the net expected return of the swap.
The Asymmetric Benefits of Relational Governance : Evidence from Software Development Outsourcing

We examine the interacting effect of formal contracts and relational governance on vendor profitability and quality in the software outsourcing industry. We argue that the use of relational governance is driven by perceptions of exchange hazards but in a departure from extant literature, we propose that the benefits accruing from relational governance are asymmetric and depend on how the exchange risks are apportioned by the formal contract. Formally, we hypothesize that relational governance provides benefits to an exchange partner only in those contracts in which they are exposed to greater risk and on those performance dimensions that is of importance to them. We test our arguments on 105 software projects completed by a software outsourcing vendor for multiple clients. We show that relational governance positively affects profitability in only Fixed Price contracts where the vendor is at greater risk while positively affecting quality only in Time and Materials contracts where the client is at greater risk. We thus provide evidence for the asymmetric benefits from relational governance, thereby arguing for a more contingent and limited view of the value of relational governance based on risk-exposure rather than the more expansive view prevalent in the literature that relational governance provides benefits for all parties under all contexts. We conclude with a discussion of the research and managerial implications of our findings.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding the use of hormonal therapy in metastatic breast cancer

Abstract Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is cancer that has spread from the breast to another part of the body or has come back in another distant location. Treatment options for MBC depend on several factors. One of these factors is the levels of hormone receptors (HRs) in the tumor. Cancers with high levels of HRs, called HR-positive, use the hormones estrogen and progesterone to grow and spread. Hormonal therapy is a type of treatment specifically for HR-positive breast cancer. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations in regards with the use of hormonal therapy and the management of HR-positive MBC for the benefit of community oncologists.
Internal reference model based optimal LQG controller for atomic force microscope

This paper presents a design of an internal reference model based optimal linear quadratic Gaussian controller (LQG) for a piezoelectric tube (PZT) actuator used in the atomic force microscope (AFM). This control scheme minimizes the steady-state error and provides improved closed-loop bandwidth and enables the controller to track reference triangular signal. The proposed scheme places the closed-loop poles in the left half of the s-plane such that significant damping of the resonant modes of the PZT actuator can be achieved. Experimental results with the AFM show that the proposed control approach is able to scan faster and improves the quality of images by minimizing blurring, tilting, and edge distortion of the image as compared to the existing PI controller of the AFM.
Maile 1 COOPERATIVE INTERSECTION COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR VIOLATIONS ( CICAS-V ) FOR AVOIDANCE OF VIOLATION-BASED INTERSECTION CRASHES

Intersection crashes account for 1.72 million crashes per year in the United States. In 2004 stop-sign and traffic signal violations accounted for approximately 302,000 crashes resulting in 163,000 functional lifeyears lost and $7.9 billion of economic loss [1]. The objective of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System for Violations (CICAS-V) project was to design, develop, and test a prototype system to prevent crashes by predicting stop-sign and signalcontrolled intersection violations and warning the violating driver. The intersection portion of the system consists of a signal controller capable of exporting signal phase and timing information, a local global positioning system (GPS), and Roadside Equipment (RSE) that includes computing, memory, and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) radio. The vehicle portion of the system includes onboard equipment for computing and 5.9 GHz DSRC radio connected to the vehicle controller area network (CAN), positioning, and the Driver-Vehicle Interface (DVI). The intersection sends the signal phase and timing, positioning corrections, and a small map (< 1 kb) to the vehicle. The vehicle receives this information and, based on speed and distance to the stop location, predicts whether or not the driver will violate. If a violation is predicted, the driver is warned via a visual/auditory/haptic brake pulse DVI. The system was installed in the vehicles of five Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): Daimler, Ford, General Motors, Honda, and Toyota. Intersections were equipped in California, Michigan, and Virginia. Tests of the system included both onroad and test-track evaluations. System performance was excellent and recommendations were made for continuing with a large field operational test (FOT). The system can be installed at any intersection with sufficient positioning coverage and in any vehicle with an electronic stability system. This system constitutes the first FOT-ready Vehicle Infrastructure Integration safety application
TINTIN: a system for retrieval in text tables

Tables form an important kind of data element in text retrieval. Often, the gist of an entire news article or other exposition can be concisely captured in tabular form. In this paper, we examine the utility of exploiting information other than the key words in a digital document to provide the users with more flexible and powerful query capabilities. More specifically, we exploit the structural information in a document to identify tables and their component fields and let the users query based on these fields. Our empirical results have demonstrated that heuristic method based table extraction and component tagging can be performed effectively and efficiently. Moreover, our experiments in retrieval using the TINTIN system have strongly indicated that such structural decomposition can facilitate better representation of user’s information needs and hence more effective retrieval of tables.
The Role of Language in Nonlinguistic Stimuli: Comparing Inhibition in Children With Language Impairment.

Purpose There is conflicting evidence regarding if and how a deficit in executive function may be associated with developmental language impairment (LI). Nonlinguistic stimuli are now frequently used when testing executive function to avoid a language confound. However, it is possible that increased stimulus processing demands for nonlinguistic stimuli may also compound the complexity of the relationship between executive function and LI. The current study examined whether variability across nonlinguistic auditory stimuli might differentially affect inhibition and whether performance differs between children with and without language difficulties. Method Sixty children, aged 8-14 years, took part in the study: 20 typically developing children, 20 children with autism spectrum disorder, and 20 children with specific LI. For the purposes of assessing the role of language, children were further categorized based on language ability: 33 children with normal-language (NL) ability and 27 children with LI. Children completed a go/no-go task with 2 conditions comparing nonlinguistic auditory stimuli: 2 abstract sounds and 2 familiar sounds (duck quack and dog bark). Results There was no significant difference for diagnostic category. However, there was a significant interaction between language ability and condition. There was no significant difference in the NL group performance in the abstract and familiar sound conditions. In contrast, the group with LI made significantly more errors in the abstract condition compared with the familiar condition. There was no significant difference in inhibition between the NL group and the group with LI in the familiar condition; however, the group with LI made significantly more errors than the NL group in the abstract condition. Conclusions Caution is needed in stimuli selection when examining executive function skills because, although stimuli may be selected on the basis of being "nonlinguistic and auditory," the type of stimuli chosen can differentially affect performance. The findings have implications for the interpretation of deficits in executive function as well as the selection of stimuli in future studies.
Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Dairy Cattle in Henan, China

Giardia duodenalis is a common and widespread intestinal protozoan parasite of both humans and animals. Previous epidemiological and molecular studies have identified Giardia infections in different animals and humans, but only limited information is available about the occurrence and genotypes of Giardia in cattle in China. In this study, we determined the occurrence of giardiasis and genetically characterized G. duodenalis in dairy cattle in Henan Province, central China. The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis was 7.2% (128/1777) on microscopic analysis, with the highest infection rate (22.7%) in calves aged less than 1 month. G. duodenalis assemblages and subtypes were identified with multilocus genotyping based on the SSU rRNA, β-giardin (bg), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes. Two assemblages were detected in the successfully sequenced samples: assemblage A (n = 58), assemblage E (n = 21), with a mixed E and A assemblage (n = 2). Four novel subtypes of the gdh gene and seven of the bg gene were found among the G. duodenalis assemblage E isolates. Using the nomenclature for the multilocus genotype (MLG) model, nine novel multilocus genotypes E (MLGs E1–E9) and three MLGs A (a novel subtype AI, previously detected subtype AII-1, and a combination of both) were identified. MLG AII-1 identified in this study may be an important zoonotic subtype. The dairy cattle in Henan are a potential public health concern.
A Scientometric Approach for Personalizing Research Paper Retrieval

Scientific researchers are a special kind of users which know their objective. One of the challenges facing todays’ researchers is how to find qualitative information that meets their needs. One potential method for assisting scientific researcher is to employ a personalized definition of quality to focus information search results. Scientific quality is measured by the mean of a set of scientometric indicators. This paper presents a personalized information retrieval approach based on scientometric indicators. The proposed approach includes a scientometric document annotator, a scientometric user model, a scientometric retrieval model and a scientometric ranking method. We discuss the feasibility of this approach by performing different experimentations on its different parts. The incorporation of scientometric indicators into the different parts of our approach has significantly improved retrieval performance which is rated for 41.66%. An important implication of this finding is the existence of correlation between research paper quality and paper relevance. The revelation of this correlation implies better retrieval performance.
Desmosine as a biomarker of elastin degradation in COPD: current status and future directions

Desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES) are two unusual, tetrafunctional, pyridinium ring-containing amino acids involved in elastin cross-linking. Being amino acids unique to mature, cross-linked elastin, they are useful for discriminating peptides derived from elastin breakdown from precursor elastin peptides. According to these features, DES and IDES have been extensively discussed as potentially attractive indicators of elevated lung elastic fibre turnover and markers of the effectiveness of agents with the potential to reduce elastin breakdown. In the present manuscript, immunology-based and separation methods for the evaluation of DES and IDES are discussed, along with studies reporting increased levels of urine excretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with and without α1-antitrypsin deficiency. The results of the application of DES and IDES as surrogate end-points in early clinical trials in COPD are also reported. Finally, recent advances in detection techniques, including liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, are discussed. These techniques allow detection of DES and IDES at very low concentration in body fluids other than urine, such as plasma or sputum, and will help the understanding of whether DES and IDES are potentially useful in monitoring therapeutic intervention in COPD.
Some of the latest developments on antennas

This paper is intended to review and discuss some of the latest developments on antennas. The focus is on the computer aided design, ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas, diversity antennas, multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antennas, and antennas measurement techniques. A list of popular antenna analysis and simulation tools is given. A comparison of antenna diversity and MIMO techniques is made.
Mental Visual Indexing: Towards Fast Video Browsing

Video browsing describes an interactive process where users want to find a target shot in a long video. Therefore, it is crucial for a video browsing system to be fast and accurate with minimum user effort. In sharp contrast to traditional Relevance Feedback (RF), we propose a novel paradigm for fast video browsing dubbed Mental Visual Indexing (MVI). At each interactive round, the user only needs to select one of the displayed shots that is most visually similar to her mental target and then the user's choice will further tailor the search to the target. The search model update given a user feedback only requires vector inner products, which makes MVI highly responsive. MVI is underpinned by a sequence model in terms of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), which is trained by automatically generated shot sequences from a rigorous Bayesian framework, which simulates user feedback process. Experimental results on three 3-hour movies conducted by real users demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
On robust PID control for time-delay plants

This paper presents an easily implementable method for determining the set of PID controllers that stabilize an LTI system with or without a time delay while satisfying certain robustness requirements. The adopted approach, which does not require approximating the time delay or solving complex non-algebraic equations, draws directly on the graphic approach suggested in [1], [2], [3] for PI controllers and first-order-plus-dead-time processes. In particular, it is shown that, on suitable cross sections of the parameter space, the boundary of the regions where a given H∞ margin is ensured is the envelope of families of ellipses whose centres lie on the stability boundary. The loci of constant crossover frequencies, strictly related to the achievable passbands, are also displayed. The technique is applied to some benchmark examples with the aid of dedicated software.
Long-Run Trends in School Productivity: Evidence from Australia

Outside the United States, very little is known about long-run trends in school productivity. We present new evidence using two data series from Australia, where comparable tests are available back to the 1960s. For young teenagers (aged 1314), we find a small but statistically significant fall in numeracy over the period 19642003 and in both literacy and numeracy over the period 197598. The decline is in the order of one-tenth to one-fifth of a standard deviation. Adjusting this decline for changes in student demographics does not affect this conclusion; if anything, the decline appears to be more acute. The available evidence also suggests that any changes in student attitudes, school violence, and television viewing are unlikely to have had a major impact on test scores. Real per child school expenditure increased substantially over this period, implying a fall in school productivity. Although we cannot account for all the phenomena that might have affected school productivity, we identify a number of plausible explanations.