Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
(Social) Death is not the end: resisting social exclusion due to suicide

In most studies on those bereaved by suicide – depicted in this article as ‘suicide survivors’ – the social stigma of suicide results in two options for survivors: to suffer ostracism or downplay public mention of the loss, thereby contributing to the deceased's social exclusion. I suggest a third alternative – that of contesting the social death inflicted upon both the deceased and their survivors. Various qualitative methods were used to analyse Path to Life, an Israeli association founded by bereaved families striving to redress the segregation of people who committed suicide and those who survive them. The activists use a seemingly paradoxical strategy, by which they seek to place the cause of their social death in the limelight. Through their efforts to reframe suicide from a taboo to a widespread problem deserving recognition, the organisation's activists present the deceased and their survivors as entitled to consideration and support. The proposed analysis is based on frame analysis of ‘alternative death entrepreneurs’ promoting unconventional perceptions and practices concerning suicide. The case study illuminates a subject seldom investigated – efforts to transform social death.
Distinct Role of CD86 Polymorphisms (rs1129055, rs17281995) in Risk of Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis

Background and Purpose Previous studies concerning the role of CD86 polymorphisms (rs1129055 and rs17281995) in cancer fail to provide compelling evidence. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of common polymorphisms in the risk of cancer by meta-analysis. Methods By using the search terms Cluster of Differentiation 86/CD86/B7-2/polymorphism/polymorphisms/cancer, we searched PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang and identified four studies for rs1129055 (2137 subjects) and rs17281995 (2856 subjects) respectively. Cancer risk was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Major Findings Overall, we observed significant reduced risk of cancer in relation to rs1129055. Compared with the individuals with AA genotype, the individuals with GG genotype appeared to have 62% decreased risk to develop cancer (GG versus AA: OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49–0.79; Phet., 0.996). Similar effects were indicated in the G versus A allele model and the GG versus GA+AA genetic model (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.93; Phet., 0.987; OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.50–0.79; Phet., 0.973). In addition, we found genotypes of rs17281995 had a major effect on overall cancer risk (CC versus GG: OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.43–3.95; Phet., 0.433; C versus G: OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.06–1.43; Phet., 0.521; CC versus GC+GG: OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.45–3.93; Phet., 0.443). The association was also observed in Caucasians and colorectal cancer. No obvious publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis. Conclusions These data reveal that rs1129055 may have protective effects on cancer risk in Asians and that rs17281995 is likely to contribute to risk of cancer, particularly colorectal cancer in Caucasians.
Nonpalpable supraclavicular lymph nodes in lung cancer patients: preoperative characterization with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of integrated 18F-FDG PET/CT in the detection and characterization of nonpalpable supraclavicular lymph node metastasis in patients with the initial diagnosis of lung cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This study was conducted from May 2005 to May 2006 and included 32 consecutively registered lung cancer patients in whom supraclavicular lymph nodes were not palpable but were identified on contrast-enhanced CT or exhibited increased FDG uptake on integrated PET/CT. Three patients had bilateral nodes, for a total of 35 nodes in the 32 patients. Results of cytologic analysis of a specimen obtained with sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration (n = 27), normal initial and follow-up sonographic findings (n = 3), and no change in the size of supraclavicular lymph nodes on follow-up sonography (n = 2) were the reference standards. The presence of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was determined with integrated PET/CT (uptake greater than that of surrounding tissue) and contrast-enhanced CT (node short-axis diameter of 5 mm or more). The diagnostic efficacies of these methods in the detection of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis were compared. RESULTS Supraclavicular lymph node metastasis was diagnosed cytologically in 12 (34%) of 35 lesions. The diagnostic accuracies of integrated PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the detection of supraclavicular lymph node metastasis were 71% and 66%, respectively; the difference was not statistically significant. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the sensitivity (92%) and negative predictive value (93%) of integrated PET/CT were higher than those of contrast-enhanced CT. CONCLUSION Because of its high sensitivity and negative predictive value, integrated PET/CT is useful in the detection and characterization of nonpalpable supraclavicular lymph nodes in lung cancer patients.
Comparison of Methods for Assessing Chemotaxis of Monocytes and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Isolated From Patients With AIDS or AIDS‐Related Conditions

We evaluated the ability of normal human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) isolated from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS‐related conditions (ARC) to migrate toward a chemoattractant. Migration in blind‐well chambers was compared to that under agarose. Chemotaxis results obtained from both assays for PMNL were similar, however there was a difference in the results for monocyte Chemotaxis. PMNL isolated from patients with AIDS, but not ARC, exhibited decreased spontaneous and directed chemotaxis when assessed in blind‐well chambers and under agarose. Spontaneous and directed Chemotaxis in blind‐well chambers of AIDS patients' monocytes was normal. Directed migration of monocytes from ARC patients was greater than that of control, but spontaneous migration was comparable. Under agarose, spontaneous migration was depressed in monocytes of AIDS patients, while migration toward the attractant was depressed in those of ARC patients.
Effect of Calcium on the Dissociation of the Mature Rat Heart into Individual and Paired Myocytes: Electrical Properties of Cell Pairs

The dissociation of adult rat heart into individual, functionally intact, calcium-tolerant myocytes requires precise manipulation of extracellular calcium levels. Dissociation of intercellular connections is achieved by lowering extracellular calcium to micromolar levels for a short period. By imposing a very small increment in free calcium activity (from 14 to 17 μM) during this period, we achieve a significant yield of functionally intact pairs of myocytes still joined at the intercalated disc. We obtain fewer intact cells, but many of these are paired end to end. These findings permit us to describe some structural characteristics of intercellular connections between cardiac cells and to report unambiguous measurements of electrotonic coupling and dye transfer between rat cardiac cell pairs. We find that the strength of electrical coupling between cells isolated as pairs with intact junctional contacts is much greater than that measured between cell pairs that have formed new junctional contacts.
Human C4-binding protein. I. Isolation and characterization

C4-binding protein (C4-bp), a new component of the complement system, was isolated from human plasma by precipitation with polyethyleneglycol, followed by chromatography on ion exchangers. C4-bp was identified on sodium dodecyl- sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) by two independent criteria: its ability to bind to C4b, and immunoprecipitation with a monospecificantiserum. Purified C4-bp is a 10.7 s glycoprotein. It consists of several disulfide bonded subunits of mol wt 70,000 daltons. Under nonreducing conditions, its mol wt has been estimated on SDS-PAGE as 540- 590,000 daltons. C4-bp moves as a slow B-globulin at pH 8.6 in the absence of free divalent cations, but when the buffers contain Ca(++)-lactate, C4-bp is a gamma globulin. Purified C4-bp binds to purified C4b. The reaction proceeds in the presence or absence of divalent cations and is not inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. The C4b/C4-bp complexes have sedimentation coefficients between 15 and 17 s on sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, and can be readily identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The complexes move faster toward the anode than either protein. C4-bp is multivalent. Saturation is reached at molecular ratios of C4b/C4- bp of between 4 and 5. The interaction between C4b and C4-bp may complicate the electrophoretic patterns of these proteins in normal human serum, if the complement system is activated before or during the run. However, in EDTA-plasma, native C4 and C4-bp do not form stable complexes and can be identified in separate peaks after CIE.
Link Prediction in Social Networks Using Information Flow via Active Links

SUMMARY Link prediction in social networks, such as friendship networks and coauthorship networks, has recently attracted a great deal of attention. There have been numerous attempts to address the problem of link prediction through diverse approaches. In the present paper, we focused on predicting links in social networks using information ﬂow via active links. The information ﬂow heavily depends on link activeness. The links become active if the interactions happen frequently and recently with respect to the current time. The time stamps of the interactions or links provide vital information for determining the activeness of the links. In the present paper, we introduced a new algorithm, referred to as T Flow , that captures the important aspects of information ﬂow via active links in social networks. We tested T Flow with two social network data sets, namely, a data set extracted from Facebook friendship network and a coauthorship network data set extracted from ePrint archives . We compare the link prediction performances of T Flow with the previous method PropFlow . The results of T Flow method revealed a notable improvement in link prediction for facebook data and signiﬁcant improvement in link prediction for coauthorship data.
Empirical Comparison of Nonparametric Regression Estimates on Real Data

The performance of nine different nonparametric regression estimates is empirically compared on ten different real datasets. The number of data points in the real datasets varies between 7, 900 and 18, 000, where each real dataset contains between 5 and 20 variables. The nonparametric regression estimates include kernel, partitioning, nearest neighbor, additive spline, neural network, penalized smoothing splines, local linear kernel, regression trees, and random forests estimates. The main result is a table containing the empirical L2 risks of all nine nonparametric regression estimates on the evaluation part of the different datasets. The neural networks and random forests are the two estimates performing best. The datasets are publicly available, so that any new regression estimate can be easily compared with all nine estimates considered in this article by just applying it to the publicly available data and by computing its empirical L2 risks on the evaluation part of the datasets.
On smallest triangles

Pick n points independently at random in ℝ2, according to a prescribed probability measure μ, and let Δ n1 ≤ Δ n2 ≤ … be the areas of the ( n3 ) triangles thus formed, in nondecreasing order. If μ is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure, then, under weak conditions, the set {n3Δ ni : i ≥ 1} converges as n → ∞ to a Poisson process with a constant intensity κ(μ). This result, and related conclusions, are proved using standard arguments of Poisson approximation, and may be extended to functionals more general than the area of a triangle. It is proved in addition that if μ is the uniform probability measure on the region S, then κ(μ) ≤ 2/|S|, where |S| denotes the area of S. Equality holds in that κ(μ) = 2/|S| if S is convex, and essentially only then. This work generalizes and extends considerably the conclusions of a recent paper of Jiang, Li, and Vitányi. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 23: 206–223, 2003
XY FEMALES DO BETTER THAN THE XX IN THE AFRICAN PYGMY MOUSE, MUS MINUTOIDES

All therian mammals have a similar XY/XX sex‐determination system except for a dozen species. The African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides, harbors an unconventional system in which all males are XY, and there are three types of females: the usual XX but also XX* and X*Y ones (the asterisk designates a sex‐reversal mutation on the X chromosome). The long‐term evolution of such a system is a paradox, because X*Y females are expected to face high reproductive costs (e.g., meiotic disruption and loss of unviable YY embryos), which should prevent invasion and maintenance of a sex‐reversal mutation. Hence, mechanisms for compensating for the costs could have evolved in M. minutoides.
In-Hospital Formula Supplementation of Healthy Breastfeeding Newborns

The UNICEF/WHO Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative suggests that breastfeeding activities in hospital are important to later breastfeeding. Understanding reasons for in-hospital supplementation may help to optimize the successful implementation of this initiative. The objective was to identify predictors of in-hospital initial formula supplementation of healthy, breastfeeding newborns. The authors analyzed 564 Canadian mother-infant pairs and interviewed nurses. Half of the study infants (47.9%) received formula in hospital; the median age at first supplementation was 8.4 hours. Risk for supplementation was affected by birth occurring between 7 PM and 9 AM (hazard ratio [HR] varied with time) and high maternal trait anxiety (HR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01, 2.59). The following variables were protective against supplementation: planning to exclusively breastfeed (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.33, 0.64), planning to breastfeed for ≥ 3 months (HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.37-0.86), childbirth education (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.43, 0.86), mother born in Canada (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.53, 0.87), completion of community college (HR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59, 0.98), male infant (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.61, 0.99), and breastfeeding at delivery (HR varied with time). Nurses reported breastfeeding problems, infant behavior, and maternal fatigue as reasons for supplementing. Reassessing patterns of night feeds and encouraging breastfeeding at delivery may decrease supplementation. Trait anxiety reduction and the role of infant gender in supplementation merit further study.
Attire: conveying information exposure through avatar apparel

Systems of interpersonal interaction typically allow a user to manage privacy by specifying which accesses to his or her personal information are permitted. However, users rarely know whether, when, and by whom information was actually accessed within the parameters they specified. We define actual accesses to personal information as "information exposure". Knowing one's exposure can potentially enhance privacy management. Toward this end, we present Attire: an app for computers and smartphones that represents the user with an avatar. Attire conveys real-time information exposure in a lightweight and unobtrusive manner via modifications to the avatar's clothing.
MicroRNA-214 and MicroRNA-126 Are Potential Biomarkers for Malignant Endothelial Proliferative Diseases

Malignant endothelial proliferative diseases including human angiosarcoma (AS) and canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) are serious diseases with a grave prognosis. Establishing liquid biopsy-based biomarkers for screening has definite clinical utility; however, plasma miRNAs up- or down-regulated in these sarcomas have been unclear. For identifying possible diagnostic plasma miRNAs for these sarcomas, we investigated whether plasma miR-214 and miR-126, which miRNAs play important roles in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, were elevated in malignant endothelial proliferative diseases. For this investigation, human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines and clinical plasma samples of canine hemangiosarcoma were examined by performing miRNA qRT-PCR. We report here that human angiosarcoma and canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines over-secreted miR-214 and miR-126 via microvesicles; in addition, their levels in the plasma samples from canines with hemangiosarcoma were increased. Moreover, the surgical resection of primary tumors decreased the levels of plasma miR-214 and miR-126. Our findings suggest that these malignant endothelial proliferative diseases over-secreted miR-214 and miR-126, thus suggesting that these miRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers for malignant endothelial proliferative diseases in canine and possible in human angiosarcoma.
An Unusual Helix Turn Helix Motif in the Catalytic Core of HIV-1 Integrase Binds Viral DNA and LEDGF

Background Integrase (IN) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into host cellular DNA. We identified a bi-helix motif (residues 149–186) in the crystal structure of the catalytic core (CC) of the IN-Phe185Lys variant that consists of the α4 and α5 helices connected by a 3 to 5-residue turn. The motif is embedded in a large array of interactions that stabilize the monomer and the dimer. Principal Findings We describe the conformational and binding properties of the corresponding synthetic peptide. This displays features of the protein motif structure thanks to the mutual intramolecular interactions of the α4 and α5 helices that maintain the fold. The main properties are the binding to: 1- the processing-attachment site at the LTR (long terminal repeat) ends of virus DNA with a Kd (dissociation constant) in the sub-micromolar range; 2- the whole IN enzyme; and 3- the IN binding domain (IBD) but not the IBD-Asp366Asn variant of LEDGF (lens epidermal derived growth factor) lacking the essential Asp366 residue. In our motif, in contrast to the conventional HTH (helix-turn-helix), it is the N terminal helix (α4) which has the role of DNA recognition helix, while the C terminal helix (α5) would rather contribute to the motif stabilization by interactions with the α4 helix. Conclusion The motif, termed HTHi (i, for inverted) emerges as a central piece of the IN structure and function. It could therefore represent an attractive target in the search for inhibitors working at the DNA-IN, IN-IN and IN-LEDGF interfaces.
Survey on Evaluation of Context Provisioning Middleware

In ubiquitous computing the provisioning of context-aware services is typically aided by a context provisioning middleware. The essential functionalities undertaken by the middleware include distributed data acquisition from sensors, context modelling, context synthesis, reasoning and context dissemination. This paper focuses on the evaluation methodologies of context-aware systems that aim to provide these functionalities and presents a holistic survey of existing work. Approaches of prototyping, field trials, emulation and simulation are presented. Further, we propose quantitative and qualitative evaluation metrics in order to allow for comparison of middleware based context-awareness approaches.
Machiavellianism and Parental Attachment in Adolescence

Machiavellianism is a well-studied topic in several branches of psychology. Still, it has received little attention from a developmental perspective. Previous retrospective studies linked Machiavellianism to poor parental care, but actual reports of adolescents who live in their family of origin have been ignored so far. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between Machiavellianism and parental attachment in adolescence and possible sex differences based on life history theory. An adolescent sample (N = 376; 17.27 ± .77 years of age) completed the Mach-IV and the maternal and paternal versions of revised Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA-R). According to our results, significant sex differences emerged in the relationship between Machiavellianism and attachment to parents. For girls, maternal alienation proved to be the only significant predictor of Machiavellianism, whereas for boys, low intensity and quality of verbal communication with father predicted higher levels of Machiavellianism. Results are discussed from an evolutionary perspective of socialization and from the perspective of emotion regulation.
Semiparametric Allelic Tests for Mapping Multiple Phenotypes: Binomial Regression and Mahalanobis Distance

Binary phenotypes commonly arise due to multiple underlying quantitative precursors and genetic variants may impact multiple traits in a pleiotropic manner. Hence, simultaneously analyzing such correlated traits may be more powerful than analyzing individual traits. Various genotype‐level methods, e.g., MultiPhen (O'Reilly et al. [ ]), have been developed to identify genetic factors underlying a multivariate phenotype. For univariate phenotypes, the usefulness and applicability of allele‐level tests have been investigated. The test of allele frequency difference among cases and controls is commonly used for mapping case‐control association. However, allelic methods for multivariate association mapping have not been studied much. In this article, we explore two allelic tests of multivariate association: one using a Binomial regression model based on inverted regression of genotype on phenotype (Binomial regression‐based Association of Multivariate Phenotypes [BAMP]), and the other employing the Mahalanobis distance between two sample means of the multivariate phenotype vector for two alleles at a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (Distance‐based Association of Multivariate Phenotypes [DAMP]). These methods can incorporate both discrete and continuous phenotypes. Some theoretical properties for BAMP are studied. Using simulations, the power of the methods for detecting multivariate association is compared with the genotype‐level test MultiPhen's. The allelic tests yield marginally higher power than MultiPhen for multivariate phenotypes. For one/two binary traits under recessive mode of inheritance, allelic tests are found to be substantially more powerful. All three tests are applied to two different real data and the results offer some support for the simulation study. We propose a hybrid approach for testing multivariate association that implements MultiPhen when Hardy‐Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) is violated and BAMP otherwise, because the allelic approaches assume HWE.
Examination of Proposed Criteria for Complicated Grief in People Confronted with Violent or Non-Violent Loss

In the late 1990s, a panel of experts proposed criteria for complicated grief (CG) and found these to have satisfactory operating characteristics. The present study aimed to replicate that finding in 4 groups of mourners divided by cause of loss and time from loss. Data were available from 1,052 bereaved individuals. All had completed the revised Inventory of Complicated Grief through the Internet. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to analyze data. Results showed that, in all 4 groups, the proposed criteria for CG performed well at distinguishing between people who did and did not meet criteria for caseness of CG.
Computing closed skycubes

In this paper, we tackle the problem of efficient skycube computation. We introduce a novel approach significantly reducing domination tests for a given subspace and the number of subspaces searched. Technically, we identify two types of skyline points that can be directly derived without using any domination tests. Moreover, based on formal concept analysis, we introduce two closure operators that enable a concise representation of skyline cubes. We show that this concise representation is easy to compute and develop an efficient algorithm, which only needs to search a small portion of the huge search space. We show with empirical results the merits of our approach.