Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Philips research system for large-vocabulary continuous-speech recognition

This paper gives a status report of the Philips research system for phoneme-based, large-vocabulary, continuous-speech recognition. Like for many other systems, the recognition architecture is based on an integrated statistical approach. We describe the characteristic features of the system as opposed to other systems: 1. The Viterbi criterion is consistently applied both in training and testing. 2. Continuous mixture densities are used without tying or smoothing. 3. Time-synchronous beam search in connection with a phoneme look-ahead is applied to a tree-organized lexicon. The system has been successfully applied to the American English DARPA RM task. Here, we report experimental results for a German 13 000-word Philips internal dictation task. In addition to the scientific prototype, a PC version has been set up which is described here for the first time.
FinFET technology: Overview and status at 14nm node and beyond

The FinFET technology is continuously progressing toward 14nm node on SOI and bulk substrate with good compatibility with planar CMOS and driving CMOS scaling and Moore's law for low-power/SOC and future Internet-of-Things (IOT) applications. The challenges of new FinFET technology in manufacturing at 14nm and beyond is reviewed.
Expressions for linearized perturbations in a massive-scalar-field-dominated cosmological model.

A spatially flat cosmological model dominated by a massive scalar (or pseudoscalar) field ({Phi}) with the scalar field potential {ital V}({Phi})={ital m}{sup 2}({Phi}{minus}{Phi}{sup (2)}){sup 2} (where {Phi}{sup (2)} is the value of the scalar field at which the potential vanishes), in the limit in which the length scale corresponding to the scalar field mass {ital m} is very much smaller than length scales of cosmological interest (and, in particular, the length scale set by the Hubble parameter), is a tractable approximation of the macrophysics of both the late-time axion-dominated scenario as well as the early-time reheating'' subscenario of the inflation picture. Extending techniques we have previously developed, we derive solutions of the synchronous-gauge relativistic linear perturbation equations which govern the evolution of spatial irregularities, about a spatially homogeneous and isotropic background, in this model.
Class 1 bluetooth power amplifier with 24 dBm output power and 48% PAE at 2.4 GHz in 0.25 &#181;m CMOS

In this paper, we report an RF power amplifier design in digital CMOS technology for the Class 1 power level specification (20 dBm) in the Bluetooth Communications standard. We have also investigated hot carrier effects under large signal RF operation of the power amplifier. The two stage circuit, designed in 0.25 µn CMOS technology, utilizes a high-density ring capacitor structure for interstage matching. In a chip-on-board configuration tested at 2.4 GHz, this CMOS power amplifier delivers an output power of 24 dBm with 48% PAE at a supply voltage of 2.5V.
Scoring based unsupervised approach to classify research papers

Platforms for publishing research papers are increasing largely that contribute to big data as their volume is humongous and are unstandardized. Classification of this huge chunk of data is one of the biggest challenges in Information Retrieval. In this paper we discuss a scoring based unsupervised learning approach to extract relevant features and classify the research papers according to their content on a two class dataset. Feature extraction is carried out by analyzing the sections of a research paper and scoring them, followed by a two level hybrid classification technique based on title and conceptual summary using graph clustering. Promising experimental results are observed for data set using our research paper classification method. We present the experimental results of our proposed algorithm for feature extraction and clustering and compare the same with different approaches reported in literature.
Housing with care for later life: A literature review

An overview of recent evidence related to new and emerging models of housing with care for later life. There is growing interest and investment in housing schemes for older people that combine independent living with relatively high levels of care. This review looks at UK evidence around issues of independence, social integration, and the capacity of housing with care to meet a range of care needs. It focuses on primary research and service evaluations, drawing out key messages for service providers and commissioners. The evidence base is small. However, it provides valuable insights into how well housing with care serves current policy objectives, and whether it meets the needs and aspirations of older people. The evidence supports the idea that housing with care promotes independence, and generates high levels of resident satisfaction, messages around other key areas are more ambivalent, however.
The Role of a Host Country Image and Mega-Event's Experience for Revisit Intention: The Case of Poland

Based on the survey data for EURO 2012™ visitors in Poland (N=103), the following hypotheses are given: (H1): The host country image will positively influence the EURO 2012™ visitors` revisit intention, (H2): The mega-event experience will positively influence the EURO 2012™ visitors` revisit intention to the host country, (H3): The host country image has more positive impact on the EURO 2012™ visitors` revisit intention than the mega-event experience. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between the host country image and the EURO 2012™ visitors` revisit intention and there is no significant relationship between the mega-event experience and the EURO 2012™ visitors` revisit intention. The results lead to conclusions that for traveling mega-events’ fans, the attributes of association, which organized the mega-event may be more important than the event`s experience and the host destination.
Multi-Modal Visual Features-Based Video Shot Boundary Detection

One of the essential pre-processing steps of semantic video analysis is the video shot boundary detection (SBD). It is the primary step to segment the sequence of video frames into shots. Many SBD systems using supervised learning have been proposed for years; however, the training process still remains its principal limitation. In this paper, a multi-modal visual features-based SBD framework is employed that aims to analyze the behaviors of visual representation in terms of the discontinuity signal. We adopt a candidate segment selection that performs without the threshold calculation but uses the cumulative moving average of the discontinuity signal to identify the position of shot boundaries and neglect the non-boundary video frames. The transition detection is structurally performed to distinguish candidate segment into a cut transition and a gradual transition, including fade in/out and logo occurrence. Experimental results are evaluated using the golf video clips and the TREC2001 documentary video data set. Results show that the proposed SBD framework can achieve good accuracy in both types of video data set compared with other proposed SBD methods.
Capacity Building Process for HR Excellence

The changing environment presses organisations to engage in actions aimed at increased access to resources and effective utilisation of the available resources. This necessitates assessment of resource utilisation and organisational performance efficiency periodically to ensure achievement of goals. Among the plethora of tools and processes available for assessing organisational performance, Capacity Building process had gained importance in the last two decades. Hence the authors attempted to extend the concept of Capacity Building to the HR function in an automobile component manufacturing organisation, using a developed and validated instrument to derive excellence in HR function. The respondents constituted 90 middle level managers selected on a stratified basis. Through perception and consensus oriented assessment, the capacity lag areas were identified. Suggestions for enhancing capacity in the identified lag areas were evolved through brainstorming sessions.
Emerging investigators series: microbial communities in full-scale drinking water distribution systems – a meta-analysis

In this study, we co-analyze all available 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies from bulk drinking water samples in full-scale drinking water distribution systems. Consistent with expectations, we find that Proteobacteria, particularly Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria, dominate drinking water bacterial communities irrespective of origin of study and presence/absence of or disinfectant residual type. Microbial communities in disinfectant residual free systems are more diverse than in those that maintain a disinfectant residual. Further, we find positive associations between mean relative abundance and occurrence of bacteria within a disinfectant category group. The relative abundance and occurrence of key bacterial genera (e.g. Legionella, Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas) is influenced by the presence/absence of a disinfectant residual and the type of disinfectant residual used. Similarly, we find widespread distribution of bacterial genera that are of interest from both an ecological and process perspectives (e.g. nitrification, predation). By estimating the contribution of potential contaminating genera to published drinking water datasets, we recommend that routine sequencing of negative controls be included in drinking water studies. Finally, we test the utility of predicting the metabolic potential of drinking water communities using 16S rRNA gene data and recommend against this practice. Though data heterogeneity across available datasets is a major confounding factor in our meta-analysis, we recommend that efforts to standardize sample processing protocols to address it may not be optimal for the drinking water microbial ecology field at this juncture. Rather, we recommend standardizing data and meta-data reporting, starting with making all sequencing data publicly available, and sample sharing as means of supporting future efforts for comparative analyses across drinking water systems/studies.
Informatics approaches to understanding TGFβ pathway regulation

In recent years, informatics studies have predicted several new ways in which the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway can be post-translationally regulated. Subsequently, many of these predictions were experimentally validated. These approaches include phylogenetic predictions for the phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitylation of pathway components, as well as kinetic models of endocytosis, phosphorylation and nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling. We review these studies and provide a brief `how to' guide for phylogenetics. Our hope is to stimulate experimental tests of informatics-based predictions for TGFβ signaling, as well as for other signaling pathways, and to expand the number of developmental pathways that are being analyzed computationally.
THE ECO-EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TICK-BORNE HEMOPARASITIC DISEASES USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 3. Department of Entomology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 4. Department of Education, Jehad-e-Daneshgahi of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran 5. Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation (USWR), Tehran, Iran
Emission of Methyl Bromide from Biomass Burning

Bromine is, per atom, far more efficient than chlorine in destroying stratospheric ozone, and methyl bromide is the single largest source of stratospheric bromine. The two main previously known sources of this compound are emissions from the ocean and from the compound's use as an agricultural pesticide. Laboratory biomass combustion experiments showed that methyl bromide was emitted in the smoke from various fuels tested. Methyl bromide was also found in smoke plumes from wildfires in savannas, chaparral, and boreal forest. Global emissions of methyl bromide from biomass burning are estimated to be in the range of 10 to 50 gigagrams per year, which is comparable to the amount produced by ocean emission and pesticide use and represents a major contribution (≈30 percent) to the stratospheric bromine budget.
Endogenous retailer preferences in intermediate good markets

We model strategic interaction in a differentiated input market as a game among two suppliers and n retailers. Each one of the upstream firms chooses the specification of the input which it will offer.Then, retailers choose their type from a continuum of possibilities. The decisions made in these two first stages affect the degree of compatibility between each retailer's ideal input specification and that of the inputs offered by the two upstream firms. In a third stage, upstream firms compete setting input prices. Equilibrium may be of the two-vendor policy or of the technological monopoly type.
Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurial Development through University Business Incubation Process in Thailand

The Thai case study on commercialization of technology illustrates the government attempts to support entrepreneurial development through the incubation programs. The Thai government has introduced the university incubation program as a means to promote job creation, entrepreneurial development, innovation and economic growth. In attempts to transition from lower middle income economy towards upper middle income economy, the Thai government has enhanced the capacity for innovation through the use of use business and technology incubators. With the economic growth rate of 5 percent per year and one of the world’s fastest growing country, the case of Thailand would provide interesting theoretical and managerial implications to understand the strategies for commercialization of technology. Accounting for the aspect of commercialization of technology, the Thailand entrepreneurial development experience illustrates the prospects of innovation government and innovation policies in technological upgrading. The overview of economic and innovation performance of Thailand is shown in . In 2012, Thailand was ranked 30 (out of 59 countries) according to the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) world competitiveness ranking and 38 (out of 144 countries) according to the World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report. The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 reviews the theoretical frameworks on technology transfer and entrepreneurial development and the Triple Helix model. Section 3 provides the background of research universities and policies to support university technology commercialization. Section 4 discusses the research methodology and presents the research findings. The analyses of findings cover case studies of university business incubators (UBIs) and technology business incubators. The case studies of UBIs include three major universities in Thailand: Mahidol University, Chulalongkorn *Correspondence to : Jarunee Wonglimpiyarat, Ph.D Professor, College of Innovation, Thammasat University, Anekprasong 3 Bldg. , Prachan Rd., Bangkok 10200, Thailand. E-mail : jaruneew@tu.ac. th
The Existence of Tax Clienteles: An Australian Setting

There is little empirical evidence of company tax driving firm value in the finance literature though a change to Australian dividend imputation tax law in 1997 suggests the existence of dividend taxation induced tax clienteles. Recent changes to the regulation of the Australian dividend imputation system appears to have created two tax based shareholder clienteles determined by whether the shareholder is an Australian resident for tax purposes. A unique feature of this study is the focus on the value of franking credit balances, which have accumulated over time for many dividend paying Australian corporations. Analysis, using a sample of Australian listed companies over the period 2001 through 2006 (3071 firm-year observations), suggests that while Australian resident shareholders value franking credit balances, non-resident shareholders seem to attach little value to them and this has implications both for firm valuation.
Effects of retail employees' behaviours on customers' service evaluation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test a conceptual model of the effects of customer and service orientation (SO) behaviours of individual retail employees on individual customers’ perceptions of service encounter quality (SEQ), service quality (SQ), value, satisfaction, and behavioural intentions (BI). Design/methodology/approach – The sample (n ¼ 271) was customers of a supermarket in central India, and they completed questionnaires following mall intercept. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modelling using LISREL 8.7 was employed. Findings – It was found that: service and customer orientation (CO) behaviours are positively related to SEQ and SQ; SEQ is positively related to SQ and customer satisfaction; SQ is positively related to value perceptions and customer satisfaction; and customer satisfaction is positively related to retail customers’ BI. However, value is not related to customer satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – More research is needed on customer perceptions of value in non-Western contexts and service evaluation frameworks in other cross-cultural contexts. Practical implications – Retail managers need to train or select retail personnel who are able to perform their roles in a service-oriented and customer-oriented way, and value does not appear to be as important to Indian retail customers as it is to Western retail customers. Originality/value – This paper extends current service evaluation frameworks by including SO and CO as antecedents, and it analyses an Indian retail context. Keywords India, Retailing, Customer satisfaction, Service levels, Employee behaviour.
Cytologic analysis of synovial fluid in clinically normal tarsal joints of young camels (Camelus dromedarius).

BACKGROUND Camels are important in the racing industry and for milk, meat, and hair production in the Middle East. Evaluation of synovial fluid is an important part of the assessment of musculoskeletal injuries in this species. Information in the literature regarding synovial fluid in camels is limited. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the protein and cellular composition of synovial fluid from the tarsal joints of clinically normal, young camels (Camelus dromedarius). METHODS Thirty clinically healthy, male camels, aged 9 to 12 months, were used in the study. Synovial fluid samples were collected from the right and left tarsal joints. Samples were processed within 60 minutes after collection. Total nucleated cell counts (TNCC) were assessed using a hemacytometer. Total protein concentration was determined using a refractometer. RESULTS Forty-six samples were analyzed. The TNCC (mean +/- SD) was 175.8 +/- 136.7 cells/microL (range 50-678 cells/microL). Differential cell percentages were obtained for lymphocytes (58.2 +/- 21.55%, range 15-90%), monocyte/macrophages (38.3 +/- 20.8%, range 10-85%), and neutrophils (3.5 +/- 5.1%, range 0-15%). Protein concentration was 2.1 +/- 0.6 g/dL (range 1-3 g/dL). Significant differences were not observed in any parameters between right and left tarsal joints. CONCLUSION Synovial fluid reference values were established and may be useful in the clinical investigation of joint disease in young camels.
"Taxing Our Neighbors? Why Some Sub-National Revenues are So Small"

This paper analyzes the determinants of local government revenues and the incentives faced by politicians in the design of tax policy. The decision of deepening local tax collections carries costs and benefits for local politicians. Balancing in the margin these costs and benefits allows for an endogenous determination of the taxing level. The paper stresses the role of markets size in determining politicians’ incentives to enact a tax regime. In addition, we provide a rationale for the central government-local government tax ratio as a key tax effort variable. Furthermore, local levels of income inequality are relevant in explaining tax collections.
Erratum: Mesh Adaptive Direct Search Algorithms for Constrained Optimization

In [SIAM J. Optim. , 17 (2006), pp. 188-217] Audet and Dennis proposed the class of mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithms for minimization of a nonsmooth function under general nonsmooth constraints. The notation used in the paper evolved since the preliminary versions, and, unfortunately, even though the statement of Proposition 4.2 is correct, it is not compatible with the final notation. The purpose of this note is to show that the proposition is valid.
Pathogen‐induced maternal effects result in enhanced immune responsiveness across generations

Abstract Parental investment theory postulates that adults can accurately perceive cues from their surroundings, anticipate the needs of future offspring based on those cues, and selectively allocate nongenetic resources to their progeny. Such context‐dependent parental contributions can result in phenotypically variable offspring. Consistent with these predictions, we show that bacterially exposed Manduca sexta mothers oviposited significantly more variable embryos (as measured by mass, volume, hatching time, and hatching success) relative to naïve and control mothers. By using an in vivo “clearance of infection” assay, we also show that challenged larvae born to heat‐killed‐ or live‐Serratia‐injected mothers, supported lower microbial loads and cleared the infection faster than progeny of control mothers. Our data support the notion that mothers can anticipate the future pathogenic risks and immunological needs of their unborn offspring, providing progeny with enhanced immune protection likely through transgenerational immune priming. Although the inclusion of live Serratia into oocytes does not appear to be the mechanism by which mothers confer protection to their young, other mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications in the progeny due to maternal pathogenic stress, may be at play. The adaptive nature of maternal effects in the face of pathogenic stress provides insights into parental investment, resource allocation, and life‐history theories and highlights the significant role that pathogen‐induced maternal effects play as generators and modulators of evolutionary change.
Service improvements in public services using SERVQUAL

This paper begins by explaining the new context in which public services are delivered and why improving service quality is especially relevant. The SERVQUAL model has been used in a number of public service environments to assess quality of service provision in terms of what consumers expect and what they actually receive. A particular advantage of SERVQUAL is that it is a tried and tested instrument which can be used comparatively for benchmarking purposes. The two service case examples featured in this paper illustrate the use of the SERVQUAL instrument to improve both process management and strategic planning in North Lanarkshire Council. Expectations, perceptions and gap scores are compared and their significance interpreted.