Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of [3H]‐nitrendipine binding sites in guinea‐pig ileal smooth muscle

1 The binding of [3H]‐nitrendipine was studied in microsomal fractions isolated from guinea‐pig ileal smooth muscle. 2 Only one class of specific binding sites was detected, with a KD of 0.4 nM. For various dihydropyridine derivatives, including the stereoisomers of nimodipine and the ‘Ca agonist’ Bay K 8644, the potency for inhibition of [3H]‐nitrendipine binding correlated well with the reported pharmacological potency in smooth muscle preparations. 3 To establish the subcellular localization of [3H]‐nitrendipine binding sites, untreated and digitonin‐treated microsomal fractions were subfractionated by isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. The density distribution of [3H]‐nitrendipine binding was markedly shifted by digitonin towards higher densities, as were the distributions of 5′‐nucleotidase and [3H]‐ouabain binding, whereas the distributions of NADPH:cytochrome c reductase and NADH:cytochrome c reductase were hardly modified by digitonin. 4 It is concluded that most, if not all, [3H]‐nitrendipine binding sites in guinea‐pig ileal smooth muscle are present in the plasma membrane, in agreement with the postulated mode of action of dihydropyridines as inhibitors of plasmalemmal Ca channels.
Social origin and the risks of disadvantage in Denmark and Norway: the early life course of young adults

This study uses comparable Danish and Norwegian administrative registers in the period 1992 to 2003 to examine how social origin affects unemployment risks and social assistance reception over the early life course. Denmark and Norway have traditionally been viewed as similar in political, cultural and social aspects. However, labour market regulation in Denmark is more liberal than in Norway. This study therefore serves as a unique comparison of the impact of social origin under varying conditions of labour market regulation. Although the absolute probability of being disadvantaged decreases as individuals progress in age from 20 to 30 and varies between Denmark and Norway, the relative impact of social background is stable and similar. The results offer little support to theories that put a strong emphasis on inter-generational transmission through educational achievements, but rather point toward the importance of ascriptive resources. Generalised estimating equations are used to assess the repeated outcomes.
Computational Linguistics and Classical Lexicography

Manual lexicography has produced extraordinary results for Greek and Latin, but it cannot in the immediate future provide for all texts the same level of coverage available for the most heavily studied materials. As we build a cyberinfrastructure for Classics in the future, we must explore the role that automatic methods can play within it. Using technologies inherited from the disciplines of computational linguistics and computer science, we can create a complement to these traditional reference works - a dynamic lexicon that presents statistical information about a word’s usage in context, including information about its sense distribution within various authors, genres and eras
The relationship between girls’ (8–14 years) physical activity and maternal education

Background: Mothers with higher levels of education are more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviour; thus, it is intuitive that a child's physical activity would be positively related to maternal education. The literature on this area, however, is inconclusive and may be due to the methods used to assess physical activity (i.e. the use of aggregated and self-reported physical activity that may not reflect the true and detailed variation of physical activity). Aim: To profile the physical activity behaviours of girls with mothers of differing educational attainment. Subjects and methods: 77 girls (grades 4–8) wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days. Minutes spent sedentary and in light, moderate and vigorous physical activity per day over 7 days, 5 weekdays, 2 weekends, and 1 h commuting period to and from school of girls of University educated (UE) and non-UE mothers were analysed. Results: After controlling for confounders, girls with UE mothers were more likely to participate in vigorous physical activity at the weekend and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during the morning commute to school. Conclusions: Research investigating the relationship between maternal education and child's physical activity should explore, at higher resolution, when activity is accumulated, in particular separating weekday and weekend physical activity.
Thermal characterization of multi-chip light emitting diodes with thermal resistance matrix

The junction temperature of LEDs is important for its life, reliability and efficacy. The thermal resistance measurement can be implemented to obtain the junction temperature of a single-chip LED in different power consumptions and different environment temperatures. However, for the multichip applications such as Chip-on-Board (COB), multi-color and high-voltage LED packaging etc., only the average junction temperature can be obtained by the traditional steady thermal resistance measurement. In this paper, a thermal resistance matrix with thermal coupling factor is proposed to obtain the junction temperature of each chip in a multi-chip LED with different chip powers. In the case study, each element of the 4×4 thermal resistance matrix of a Red-Green-Blue-White (RGBW) four-chip LED is tested by a transient thermal tester (T3ster) to investigate the thermal coupling of chips one another. In addition, the thermal distribution of the LED package was analyzed by finite element analysis (FEA) simulation for comparison. It is shown that the thermal resistance matrix is effective for evaluation of junction temperature of each chip in the multi-chip LED package with a discrepancy less than 2.5% from measurement.
Dynamic Performance Optimization for Cloud Computing Using M/M/m Queueing System

Successful development of cloud computing has attracted more and more people and enterprises to use it. On one hand, using cloud computing reduces the cost; on the other hand, using cloud computing improves the efficiency. As the users are largely concerned about the Quality of Services (QoS), performance optimization of the cloud computing has become critical to its successful application. In order to optimize the performance of multiple requesters and services in cloud computing, by means of queueing theory, we analyze and conduct the equation of each parameter of the services in the data center. Then, through analyzing the performance parameters of the queueing system, we propose the synthesis optimization mode, function, and strategy. Lastly, we set up the simulation based on the synthesis optimization mode; we also compare and analyze the simulation results to the classical optimization methods (short service time first and first in, first out method), which show that the proposed model can optimize the average wait time, average queue length, and the number of customer.
Digestibility and voluntary intake of vine leaves ( Vitis vinifera L . ) by sheep

Twelve castrated adult male (62 3 kg body weight) Manchego sheep were used in a digestion trial. Diets consisted of vine leaves or vetch-oat hay alone, and vetch-oat hay and vine leaves in a ratio of 1:1. Voluntary intake of vine by-products by eight females Manchego sheep was also measured. The CP level was greater in vetch-oat hay (73g kgÿ1 DM) than vine leaves (68 g kgÿ1 DM) and the vine leaves had a higher level of neutral-detergent insoluble crude protein (NDF-CP, 38 g kgÿ1 DM) than vetch-oat hay (17 g kgÿ1 DM). NDF was less in vine leaves (319 g kgÿ1 DM) than in vetch-oat hay (566 g kgÿ1 DM). However, the lignin content of cell walls in vine leaves (146 g kgÿ1 NDF) was higher than hay (127 g kgÿ1 NDF). The content of condensed tannins of the vine leaves (50 g kgÿ1 DM) was 10 times higher than that of the vetch-oat hay. DMD and OMD of vine leaves was 42.2 and 47.2%, respectively. Apparent digestibility of CP in vine leaves was negative (ÿ25.8%) and was lower (P<0.001) than CP digestibility of vetch-oat hay (48.9%). Digestibilities of NDF and ADF of vine leaves were 3.8 and ÿ0. 6%, respectively. These values were lower (P<0.001) than those obtained for vetch-oat hay (53.9 and 54.7%, respectively). DM and DOM intake of vine leaves was 1010.7 and 415.3 g per day, respectively. With the exception of urea, there were no differences (P>0.05) between sheep fed leaves and those fed vetch-oat hay in measured plasma metabolites. These results suggest that the low digestibility of the vine leaves is due to several factors, such as the high level of condensed tannin content and low protein digestibility. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Hospitality-management Competencies

This study identified the hospitality-management competencies considered essential for success in today's F&B, front-desk, and sales departments, and the degree to which those skills and talents are actually used by entry-and mid-level managers. Specifically, it recorded three types of essential competencies (ECs): those that are necessary for any of the six job positions studied, those that are necessary for more than one job position but not all of them, and those that are used only by a specific type of manager doing a specific job (e.g., a mid-level F&B manager). The skills identified as essential for all the managers studied included: recognizing customer problems; portraying enthusiasm; maintaining professional and ethical standards; cultivating a climate of trust; and adapting creatively to change. By contrast, the skills that were among those identified with a single job description included: managing individual employee performance; setting goals to carry out the organization's mission and objectives; knowing about selling techniques; and mastering forecasting reports. When asked whether the ECs are actually being used effectively, managers' superiors generally reported that the managers were performing adequately in each competency and domain area.
'Pity the Finance Minister': Issues in Managing a Substantial Scaling Up of Aid Flows

Substantially scaling up of aid flows will require development partners to address many issues, including the impact of higher aid flows on: the competitiveness of aid recipients; the management of fiscal and monetary policy; the delivery of public services; behavioral incentives; and the rate of growth of the economy. Other issues will include the appropriate sequencing of aid-financed investments; balancing alternative expenditure priorities; the implications for fiscal and budget sustainability; and exit strategies from donor funding. Donors will need to ensure greater long-term predictability and reduced short-term volatility of aid. The international financial institutions can play a critical role in helping countries address these scaling-up issues.
Test and debug of networking SoCs-a case study

This paper describes the test challenges faced and testability features implemented on Level One's networking System on Chip (SoC), IXE2000. The IXE2000 SoC is a 20+ million transistor Layer 2/3/4 Switch with 24 10/100 Mbps and 2 1000 Mbps Ethernet ports, and a predominantly IP-based design. The chip had constraints in terms of both design time and total system costs, which added an extra burden on test. The paper discusses how these constraints led to the current testability solutions and debug features on the chip.
Interpolation of Lost Speech Segments Using LP-HNM Model With Codebook Post-Processing

This paper presents a method for interpolation of lost speech segments. The interpolation method can be used for packet loss concealment in voice communication over mobile phones, for voice over IP or for restoration of lost segments in speech recordings. The interpolation method employs a combination of a linear prediction (LP) model of the spectral envelope and a harmonic noise model (HNM) of the excitation of speech. The speech interpolation problem is transformed to the modeling and interpolation of the trajectories of LP parameters and the amplitude, phase and harmonicity of HNM tracks of speech excitation. In particular, the interpolation of harmonicity results in a smooth transition from voiced to unvoiced speech and vice versa. Crucially, the proposed interpolation method does not suffer from the consequences of zero-excitation of conventional autoregressive (AR) interpolation. Different combinations of linear and autoregressive interpolation methods are evaluated for the estimation of the time-varying parameters of LP-HNM tracks. Furthermore, a post-processing codebook mapping, employed to enhance the interpolation of the spectral envelope of speech, results in improved output quality for longer length speech gaps. For different packet loss rates and patterns of distributions of missing speech gaps, the proposed interpolation methods are evaluated and compared with popular AR-based interpolation methods and the speech packet recovery method specified in the ITU G.711 standard, as a reference. The evaluation results show that the proposed methods substantially improve the restoration of formants and harmonic tracks and consistently results in significant performance gain and improved perceptual quality of speech.
User involvement in mental health rehabilitation: a struggle for self-determination and recognition

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to explore service user involvement in supported housing schemes as experienced by adults with mental illness in interplay with professionals during rehabilitation. Method: The study was designed as a field study in two supported housing schemes, using an ethnographic approach to data collection, including participant observation, informal conversations, and individual and group interview. Twelve participants aged 22 to 45 were included. The data analysis was informed by Ricoeur's theory of textual interpretation, and followed his three levels of interpretation: naive reading, structural analysis, and critical interpretation. Findings: The study showed that user involvement in rehabilitation was experienced by the users as a struggle for self-determination and recognition. Being able to decide and to have influence on daily activities and everyday life, together with having goals to reach during rehabilitation, were viewed as valuable. Situations without influence or involving coercion were reported especially during periods of illness or hospitalization. Conclusions: The results of this study contribute to knowledge about user involvement from service users' perspective, and highlight the difficulties experienced in achieving self-determination and recognition during rehabilitation.
IC engine vibration time-frequency analysis based on a novel fast matching pursuit algorithm

Decomposition of signals over a series of time-frequency atoms by the Matching Pursuit (MP) algorithm has found many applications in signal processing and harmonic analysis, which shows a time-frequency distribution with good resolution and no cross-term and makes it clear to find out physical meanings of each component in the distribution. The internal combustion engine vibration response signal is a kind of complex non-stationary signal and has severe coupling, the large computation and storage requirement of the traditional MP algorithm limits its application in this field. Through building new dictionaries from the over-complete dictionary by exploiting the structure of the signal energy property, a novel fast MP algorithm which can reduce computation and storage requirement dramatically is proposed to solve this problem. The experiment proved that the computing speed of the proposed algorithm is significantly higher than the traditional algorithm and the time-frequency distribution verifies the effectiveness of this proposed algorithm.
Regional Lithological Mapping Using ASTER-TIR Data: Case Study for the Tibetan Plateau and the Surrounding Area

The mineralogical indices the Quartz Index (QI), Carbonate Index (CI) and Mafic Index (MI) for ASTER multispectral thermal infrared (TIR) data were applied to various geological materials for regional lithological mapping on the Tibetan Plateau. Many lithological and structural features are not currently well understood in the central Tibetan Plateau, including the distribution of mafic-ultramafic rocks related to the suture zones, the quartzose and carbonate sedimentary rocks accreted to the Eurasian continent, and sulfate layers related to the Tethys and neo-Tethys geological setting. These rock types can now be mapped with the interpretation of the processed ASTER TIR images described in this paper. A methodology is described for the processing of ASTER TIR data applied to a very wide region of the Tibetan Plateau. The geometrical and radiometric performance of the processed images is discussed, and the advantages of using ortho-rectified data are shown. The challenges of using ASTER data with a small footprint in addition to selecting an appropriate subset of scenes are also examined. ASTER scenes possess a narrow swath width when compared to LANDSAT data (60 km vs. 185 km, respectively). Furthermore, the ASTER data archive is vast, consisting of approximately three million images. These details can present an added level of complexity during an image processing workflow. Finally, geological interpretations made on the maps of the indices are compared with prior geological field studies. The results from the investigations suggest that the indices perform well in the classification of quartzose rocks based on the carbonate and mafic mineral content, in addition to the granitic rocks based on the feldspar content.
Importance of Substrate Changes in the Decrease of Hepatic Glucose Cycling During Insulin Infusion and Declining Glycemia in the Depancreatized Dog

We wished to determine whether the elevated glucose cycling (GC) between glucose and glucose-6-phosphate (G⇆G6P) in diabetes can be reversed with acute insulin treatment. In six insulin-deprived, anesthetized, depancreatized dogs, insulin was infused for 6–9 h at a starting dose of 45–150 pmol-kg−1-min−1 to normalize plasma glucose from 23.9 ± 1.4 to 5.0 ± 0.4 mmol/1 and gradually decreased to and maintained at a basal rate (1.7 ± 1.0 pmol · kg−1 · min−1) during the last 3 h. GC, measured with [2-3H]- and [6-3H]glucose, fell markedly from 15.3 ± 2.7 and normalized at 1.3 ± 0.6 μmol · kg−1 · min−1 (P < 0.001). This occurred because total hepatic glucose output fell much more (from 41.2 ± 3.1 to 11.6 ± 1.2) than did glucose production (from 25.9 ± 1.9 to 10.3 ± 1.0 μmol · kg−1 · min−1) (both P < 0.01). Freeze-clamped liver biopsies were taken at timed intervals for measurements of hepatic enzymes and substrates. The elevated hepatic hexose-6-phosphate levels decreased with insulin infusion (151 ± 24 vs. 71 ± 13 nmol/g, P < 0.01). Maximal activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) (from 17.6 ± 0.8 to 19.6 ± 2.6 U/g) and glucokinase (from 1.1 ± 0.2 to 1.0 ± 0.2 U/g) did not change. Insulin infusion resulted in a threefold increase (P < 0.05) in the activity of glycogen synthase (active form), but had no effect on hepatic glycogen content. We therefore conclude that in the depancreatized dog, 1) acute insulin infusion with a concurrent correction of hyperglycemia can markedly reduce and normalize GC, and 2) the acute reduction in GC is primarily mediated by reduced substrate fluxes through glucokinase and G6Pase and does not require stable changes in maximal activities of the two enzymes. However, in vivo allosteric changes in enzyme activities (particularly G6Pase), immeasurable in vitro, cannot be excluded. In addition to enzyme measurements, the importance of tracer methods that allow for in vivo measurements of fluxes through glucokinase and G6Pase is emphasized.
NO EVIDENCE FOR INBREEDING AVOIDANCE THROUGH POSTCOPULATORY MECHANISMS IN THE BLACK FIELD CRICKET, TELEOGRYLLUS COMMODUS

Abstract Several studies suggest that females mate multiply so that they can preferentially fertilize eggs with the sperm of genetically more compatible males. Unrelated males are expected to be genetically more compatible with a female than her close relatives. We tested whether black field crickets, Teleogryllus commodus, can bias sperm usage toward unrelated males by comparing egg hatching success of females mated to two of their siblings (SS), two sibling males unrelated to the female (NN) or to one unrelated male and a sibling male (NS or SN). Egg hatching success was highly repeatable. Hatching success varied significantly among females of the three mating types (P = 0.011, n = 245 females). The estimated mean hatching success of 36.8% for SS females was significantly less that the 43.4% of NN females, indicating an effect of inbreeding on hatching success. If females preferentially use the sperm of a less closely related male, the hatching success of NS/SN females should be closer to 43.4% than 36.8%. It was, in fact, only 34.9%. This does not differ significantly from the value expected if the two males contributed an equal amount of sperm that was then used randomly. Although polyandry may confer indirect genetic benefits, our results provide no evidence that female T. commodus gain these benefits by biasing paternity toward genetically more compatible males through postcopulatory mechanisms.
A Survey of Selected Indoor Positioning Methods for Smartphones

This paper provides an overview of the most significant existing methods for indoor positioning on a contemporary smartphone. The approaches include Wi-Fi and Bluetooth based positioning, magnetic field fingerprinting, map aided navigation using building floor plans, and aiding from self-contained sensors. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth based positioning methods considered in this survey are fingerprint approaches that determine a user’s position using a database of radio signal strength measurements that were collected earlier at known locations. Magnetic field fingerprinting can be used in an information fusion algorithm to improve positioning. The map-matching algorithms include application of wall constraints, topological indoor maps, and building geometry for heading correction. Finally, methods for step counting, step length and direction estimation, orientation tracking, motion classification, transit mode detection, and floor change detection in multi-storey buildings are discussed.
Classification using a Discriminative Non-Parametric Hidden Markov Model

We classify human actions occurring in videos, using the skeletal joint positions extracted from a depth image sequence as features. Each action class is represented by a non-parametric Hidden Markov Model (NP-HMM) and the model parameters are learnt in a discriminative way. Specifically, we use a Bayesian framework based on Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) to automatically infer the cardinality of hidden states and formulate a discriminative function based on distance between Gaussian distributions to improve classification performance. We use elliptical slice sampling to efficiently sample parameters from the complex posterior distribution induced by our discriminative likelihood function. We illustrate our classification results for action class models trained using this technique.
Specialization and Dynamics in a Trade Model

An economy which can produce two tradeable goods, and an investment good which augments capital stocks, is shown to specialize in an optimal stationary state unless it is in the interior of a continuum from which no change is ever needed. On the traverse to a stationary state, non-specialization occurs if at all for only a finite time. Although the instantaneous production frontier is concave, the long-run frontier is linear, but the long-run rate of product transformation differs from the supply price ratio with positive time-preference. Long-run specialization may differ from that predicted by long-run comparative advantage.