Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling of phonics reading methodology using neural networks

This work addresses a rather challenging and interesting interdisciplinary educational issue. It integrates the analysis and evaluation of natural brain language processing with phonics reading (pronunciation) methodology. Specifically, presented paper concerned with searching for an optimal educational methodology for teaching children “how to read? ”. That's by adopting a simplified neuronal mechanism observed model while human brain speech / pronunciation function is performed. Consequently, the presented modeling of phonics reading methodology adopts the observed behavioral characterizations of brain neural networks. Additionally, mathematical formulation is given considering the suggested reading methodology. Objectively, in order to justify its optimality in teaching children how to read. It's motivated by a biologically (naturally) inspired artificial neural network (ANN) model considering associative brain function, between two visual and audible signals. Accordingly, the mathematical formulation introduced herein, has been fulfilled realistically via ANN modeling of self-organized learning paradigm, originated from biological basis of Hebbian learning rule.
Success and Failure in Human Spermatogenesis as Revealed by Teratozoospermic RNAs Running head: A Sperm's RNA Diagnostic Tail

Adrian E. Platts, David J. Dix, Hector E. Chemes, Kary E. Thompson, Robert Goodrich, John C. Rockett, Vanesa Y. Rawe, Silvina Quintana, Michael P. Diamond, Lillian F. Strader and Stephen A. Krawetz* Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, USA, Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinologicas, Argentina Centro de Estudios en Ginecología y Reproducción, Argentina,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Institue for Scientific Computing, Wayne State University. Submitted to: Human Molecular Genetics HMG-2006D-01086 December, 29, 2006 And in revised form: January 26, 2007 Correspondence to: *Stephen A. Krawetz Charlotte B. Failing Professor of Fetal Therapy and Diagnosis, 253 C.S. Mott Center; 275 East Hancock; Detroit, MI, USA 48201 Laboratory phone: 313-577-0765; Office phone: 313-577-6770; FAX: 313-577-8554 Email: steve@compbio.med.wayne.edu
catena-Poly[[bis(μ3-5-hydroxyisophthalato)bis(pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline)dicadmium] dihydrate]

The title coordination polymer, {[Cd2(C8H4O5)2(C14H8N4)2]·2H2O}n, has a layered structure. The asymmetric unit contains two CdII ions, two pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline, two 5-hydroxyisophthalate (hip) ligands and two lattice water molecules. Each CdII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from a chelating pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline and four O atoms from three different hip ligands, resulting in a distorted CdN2O4 octahedral coordination environment. The hip ligand connects adjacent CdII ions, forming forming layers parallel to (010). Intralayer O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the hydroxy groups and solvent water molecules consolidate the crystal packing.
A spectral matching approach for parameter and spectral estimation of nonstationary rational processes

The parameter and spectral estimation problems of nonstationary signals are considered. The nonstationary signals are modeled as rational processes with time-varying parameters. The spectral matching approach, which was introduced by Friedlander and Porat (1984), is generalized to the nonstationary case and two new estimators, namely, the time-varying spectral matching estimator (TVSME) and the time-frequency spectral matching estimator (TFSME) are proposed. The proposed methods estimate the parameters of the time-varying rational model by fitting the parametric spectrum expression to an estimated time-frequency distribution of the signal. An approximate statistical analysis is given for both methods along with computer simulation results, illustrating the performance of the proposed estimators.
Time-Varying Sodium Absorption in the Type Ia Supernova 2013gh

Temporal variability of narrow absorption lines in high-resolution spectra of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is studied to search for circumstellar matter. Time series which resolve the profiles of absorption lines such as Na I D or Ca II H&K are expected to reveal variations due to photoionisation and subsequent recombination of the gases. The presence, composition, and geometry of circumstellar matter may hint at the elusive progenitor system of SNe Ia and could also affect the observed reddening law. To date, there are few known cases of time-varying Na I D absorption in SNe Ia, all of which occurred during relatively late phases of the supernova evolution. Photoionisation, however, is predicted to occur during the early phases of SNe Ia, when the supernova peaks in the ultraviolet. We therefore attempt to observe early-time absorption-line variations by obtaining high-resolution spectra of SNe before maximum light. We have obtained photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy of SNe Ia 2013gh and iPTF 13dge, to search for absorption- line variations. Furthermore, we study interstellar absorption features in relation to the observed photometric colours of the SNe. Results. Both SNe display deep Na I D and Ca II H&K absorption features. Furthermore, small but significant variations are detected in a feature of the Na I D profile of SN 2013gh. The variations are consistent with either geometric effects of rapidly moving or patchy gas clouds or photoionisation of Na I gas at R \approx 1019 cm from the explosion. Our analysis indicates that it is necessary to focus on early phases to detect photoionisation effects of gases in the circumstellar medium of SNe Ia. Different absorbers such as Na I and Ca II can be used to probe for matter at different distances from the SNe.
4‐hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, impairs glutamate transport in cortical astrocytes

Astrocytes possess plasma membrane glutamate transporters that rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular milieu and thereby prevent excitotoxic injury to neurons. Cellular oxidative stress is increased in neural tissues in a variety of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Recent findings suggest that oxidative stress increases neuronal vulnerability to excitotoxicity and that membrane lipid peroxidation plays a key role in this process. We now report that 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE), an aldehydic product of membrane lipid peroxidation, impairs glutamate transport in cultured cortical astrocytes. Impairment of glutamate transport occurred within 1–3 h of exposure to HNE; FeSO4, an inducer of membrane lipid peroxidation, also impaired glutamate transport. Vitamin E prevented impairment of glutamate transport induced by FeSO4, but not that induced by HNE, consistent with HNE acting as an effector of lipid peroxidation‐induced impairment of glutamate transport. Glutathione, which binds and thereby detoxifies HNE, prevented HNE from impairing glutamate transport. Western blot, immunoprecipitation, and immunocytochemical analyses using an antibody against HNE‐protein conjugates provided evidence that HNE covalently binds to many different astrocytic proteins including the glutamate transporter GLT‐1. Data further suggest that HNE promotes intermolecular cross‐linking of GLT‐1 monomers to form dimers. HNE also induced mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of peroxides in astrocytes. Impairment of glutamate transport and mitochondrial function occurred with sublethal concentrations of HNE, concentrations known to be generated in cells exposed to various oxidative insults. Collectively, our data suggest that HNE may be an important mediator of oxidative stress‐induced impairment of astrocytic glutamate transport and may thereby play a role in promoting neuronal excitotoxicity. GLIA 22:149–160, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Green IS taxonomy

As a specialisation within the field of Information Systems (IS), Green IS encapsulates the responsibility of IS researchers and practitioners towards environmentally sustainable development. There is a growing community of IS scholars who are accepting this responsibility and creating an emerging body of Green IS knowledge over a disparate range of topics. Drawing on the emerging Green IS literature, we propose the following set of 11 categories as a taxonomy of Green IS in an endeavour to stimulate efforts to determine the scope and content of the field. • Creating, Managing and Using Information; • Supporting and Transforming Human Enterprises; • Decision Support for Environmentally Sustainable Development; • Green Information Systems Development (ISD); • Changing Attitudes and Behaviours; • Resource Informatics; • Meeting and Collaborating Virtually: Reducing the need to Travel; • The Greening of IT; • The Connection of Environmental Responsibility to Economic and Social Imperatives; • Education: Including Green IS in the Curriculum; • Research: Stimulating Innovative Green IS Research.
Thermoanalysis and Its Effect on the Multimode Beam-Wave Interaction for a 0.24-THz, Megawatt-Class Gyrotron

The detailed analyses of heat transfer and its effect on the cold cavity, effective conductivity, and beam-wave interaction for a 0.24-THz megawatt-class gyrotron is presented in this paper. In the heat transfer analysis, the commercial finite-element method software ANSYS was used, in which Fluent was selected to simulate the thermal analysis, and Static Structural was selected to simulate cavity mechanics. For the cavity cooling system, 50 uniform axial wedge grooves in the outside surface of the cavity were considered, in which the total external loaded coolant flow rate is 40 L/min. The thermal analysis result shows that the maximum temperature is about 260 °C in the center section of the cavity. The deformed cavity was obtained by the structural analysis. After ANSYS simulation, the cold and the hot cavities with deformation were simulated by the in-house developed time-dependent, self-consistent multimode interaction code, in which the distributed conductivity caused by the distributed temperature was used. For the cold cavity, the electric field profile is not changed significantly, but the diffraction quality factor and resonant frequency are reduced by 60 and 0.191 GHz, respectively. The output power is not changed seriously, but the oscillation frequency is decreased by 0.18 GHz.
Verifiable Delegated Authorization for User-Centric Architectures and an OAuth2 Implementation

Delegated authorization protocols have become wide-spread to implement Web applications and services, where some popular providers managing people identity information and personal data allow their users to delegate third party Web services to access their data. In this paper, we analyze the risks related to untrusted providers not behaving correctly, and we solve this problem by proposing the first verifiable delegated authorization protocol that allows third party services to verify the correctness of users data returned by the provider. The contribution of the paper is twofold: we show how delegated authorization can be cryptographically enforced through authenticated data structures protocols, we extend the standard OAuth2 protocol by supporting efficient and verifiable delegated authorization including database updates and privileges revocation.
Global checkpointing for distributed programs

A novel algorithm for checkpointing and rollback recovery in distributed systems is presented. Processes belonging to the same program must take periodically a nonblocking coordinated global checkpoint, but only a minimum overhead is imposed during normal computation. Messages can be delivered out of order, and the processes are not required to be deterministic. The nonblocking structure is an important characteristic for avoiding laying a heavy burden on the application programs. The method also includes the damage assessment phase, unlike previous schemes that either assume that an error is detected immediately after it occurs (fail-stop) or simply ignore the damage caused by imperfect detection mechanisms. A possible way to evaluate the error detection latency, which enables one to assess the damage made and avoid the propagation of errors, is presented. <<ETX>>
Temporal Microbial Community Dynamics in Microbial Electrolysis Cells – Influence of Acetate and Propionate Concentration

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) are widely considered as a next generation wastewater treatment system. However, fundamental insight on the temporal dynamics of microbial communities associated with MEC performance under different organic types with varied loading concentrations is still unknown, nevertheless this knowledge is essential for optimizing this technology for real-scale applications. Here, the temporal dynamics of anodic microbial communities associated with MEC performance was examined at low (0.5 g COD/L) and high (4 g COD/L) concentrations of acetate or propionate, which are important intermediates of fermentation of municipal wastewaters and sludge. The results showed that acetate-fed reactors exhibited higher performance in terms of maximum current density (I: 4.25 ± 0.23 A/m2), coulombic efficiency (CE: 95 ± 8%), and substrate degradation rate (98.8 ± 1.2%) than propionate-fed reactors (I: 2.7 ± 0.28 A/m2; CE: 68 ± 9.5%; substrate degradation rate: 84 ± 13%) irrespective of the concentrations tested. Despite of the repeated sampling of the anodic biofilm over time, the high-concentration reactors demonstrated lower and stable performance in terms of current density (I: 1.1 ± 0.14 to 4.2 ± 0.21 A/m2), coulombic efficiency (CE: 44 ± 4.1 to 103 ± 7.2%) and substrate degradation rate (64.9 ± 6.3 to 99.7 ± 0.5%), while the low-concentration reactors produced higher and dynamic performance (I: 1.1 ± 0.12 to 4.6 ± 0.1 A/m2; CE: 52 ± 2.5 to 105 ± 2.7%; substrate degradation rate: 87.2 ± 0.2 to 99.9 ± 0.06%) with the different substrates tested. Correlating reactor’s performance with temporal dynamics of microbial communities showed that relatively similar anodic microbial community composition but with varying relative abundances was observed in all the reactors despite differences in the substrate and concentrations tested. Particularly, Geobacter was the predominant bacteria on the anode biofilm of all MECs over time suggesting its possible role in maintaining functional stability of MECs fed with low and high concentrations of acetate and propionate. Taken together, these results provide new insights on the microbial community dynamics and its correlation to performance in MECs fed with different concentrations of acetate and propionate, which are important volatile fatty acids in wastewater.
Chronic adverse effects of long-term exposure of children to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) through indoor residual spraying: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION Malaria remains a significant public health problem in endemic regions of the world, most especially in sub-Saharan Africa. As part of the global efforts to control malaria, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a cheap and effective chemical, was endorsed by the World Health Organization for use in indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, in the light of evidence on the acute toxicity of DDT, concerns have grown about the safety or the possible chronic health effects from the continued use of this persistent chemical, generating much debate and research efforts over the years. The purpose of this study was to identify, appraise and synthesise evidence about the chronic adverse effects of long-term exposure to DDT in children, 0-18 years, in zones where IRS is practised, in order to contribute to informing policy decisions. METHODS Twenty-seven electronic databases were systematically searched using pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two were trial registers while 25 others indexed studies of various designs. Other complementary methods were also employed in searching for both published and grey literature. Eligible studies were critically appraised using amended versions of available validated guidelines (and in a case, an improvised guideline) and a narrative synthesis was undertaken. RESULTS Only nine studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria out of 3281 hits generated. Five of the studies are of high quality while four are of moderate quality. For the three studies on neurodevelopment, evidence suggestive of negative impact of DDT was found. For the three studies on endocrine/congenital disorders, ambivalent evidence existed. In the case of the immunity-related outcome, there was growing but insufficient evidence of negative effect. The only study on survival outcome was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Empirically, insufficient evidence exists with regard to the chronic adverse effects of long-term exposure of children to DDT through IRS. Considering the dearth of studies and the fact that many adverse effects might take much longer time to manifest, inferences drawn are weak. It would therefore require a series of well-coordinated observational studies done in the context of IRS to adequately address this evidence gap in the future.
A Source of AGCM Bias in Simulating the Western Pacific Subtropical High: Different Sensitivities to the Two Types of ENSO

AbstractThis study reveals a possible cause of model bias in simulating the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) variability via an examination of an Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulation produced by the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at Taiwan’s Central Weather Bureau (CWB). During boreal summer, the model overestimates the quasi-biennial (2–3 yr) band of WPSH variability but underestimates the low-frequency (3–5 yr) band of variability. The overestimation of the quasi-biennial WPSH sensitivity is found to be due to the model’s stronger sensitivity to the central Pacific El Nino–Southern Oscillation (CP ENSO) that has a leading periodicity in the quasi-biennial band. The model underestimates the low-frequency WPSH variability because of its weaker sensitivity to the eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO that has a leading periodicity in the 3–5-yr band. These different model sensitivities are shown to be related to the relative strengths of the mean Hadley and Walker .
The Online Shadow of Offline Signals: Which Sellers Get Contacted in Online B2b Marketplaces?*

This article extends the understanding of what impels buyers to contact particular sellers in online business-to-business (B2B) marketplaces, which are typically characterized by sparse social structures and concomitant limitations in observing social cues. Integrating an institutional perspective with signaling theory, our core argument is that offline seller characteristics that are visible online—in particular, geographic location and legal status—convey credible signals of seller behavior because they provide buyers with information on sellers’ local institutional quality and the institutionally-induced obligations and controls acting on sellers. Using unique data from a large Italian online B2B marketplace between the fourth quarter of 1999 and July 2001, we find that both sellers’ local institutional quality and their legal statuses affect a buyer’s likelihood of contacting a seller. Moreover, consistent with the idea that a buyer’s own local institutional quality generates a relevant reference point against which sellers are evaluated, we find that a buyer is progressively more likely to contact sellers the higher their local institutional quality relative to the buyer. Jointly, our findings imply that in online B2B marketplaces, signals conveyed by sellers’ geographic locations and legal statuses may constitute substantive sources of competitive heterogeneity and market segmentation.
Diode-Pumped Quasi-Three-Level ${\rm Nd}{:}{\rm YVO}_{4}$ Laser With Orthogonally Polarized Emission

A diode-end-pumped quasi-three-level orthogonally polarized continuous-wave dual-wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser was demonstrated. We analyze the condition of gain-to-loss balance via an uncoated glass plane to achieve the simultaneous dual-wavelength operation. We experimentally demonstrate the orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength laser with a Nd:YVO4 crystal. The simultaneous dual-wavelength Nd:YVO4 laser at 914 nm in π-polarization and 915 nm in σ-polarization is realized. At an incident pump power of 12 W, the output power obtained at 914 and 915 nm is 1.19 and 0.86 W, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work realizing quasi-three-level orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength operation in Nd-doped lasers.
How Do Incumbents Respond to the Threat of Entry on Their Networks? Evidence from the Major Airlines

This paper examines how incumbents respond to the threat of entry of competitors, as distinguished from their response to competitors' actual entry. It uses a case study from the passenger airline industry specifically, the evolution of Southwest Airlines' route network - to identify particular routes where the probability of future entry rises abruptly. When Southwest begins operating in airports on both sides of a route but not the route itself, this dramatically raises the chance they will start flying that route in the near future. We examine the pricing of the incumbents on threatened routes in the period surrounding such events. We find that incumbents cut fares significantly when threatened by Southwest's entry into their routes. This is true even after controlling in several ways for airport-specific operating costs. The response of incumbents seems to be limited only to the threatened route itself, and not to routes out of nearby competitor airports where Southwest does not operate (e.g., fares drop on routes from Chicago Midway but not Chicago O'Hare). The largest responses appear to be restricted to routes that were concentrated beforehand. Incumbents do experience short-run increases in their passenger loads concurrent with these fare cuts. This is consistent with theories implying incumbents will try to generate some longer-term loyalty among current customers before the entry of a new competitor. We examine evidence relating this demand-building motive to frequent flyer programs and find suggestive evidence in favor of this notion. There is only weak evidence that incumbents increase capacity on the routes.