Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dual Task Performance in Children With Tourette Syndrome: Controlling for Comorbid ADHD

Abstract Dual task performance in children with Tourette Syndrome (TS) was studied. The participants were children with TS (N = 48, 40 male, 8 female), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; mixed types N = 44, 34 male, 10 female) and unaffected controls (N = 48, 34 male, 14 female). Eleven of the TS participants had no comorbidities (TS only) and they were compared to matched groups of participants with TS plus comorbidities (TS+), ADHD, and controls. Each participant was administered screening measures of behaviour, intelligence and verbal ability, as well as specific tests of dual task performance. Children with TS-only correctly recalled fewer digit span forward trials, and identified fewer spaceship pairs than controls under single task conditions in the SkySearch subtest of the Test of Everyday Attention for Children. However, the TS-only and control groups showed better counting performance while simultaneously searching for targets, than the TS+ and ADHD groups. Taken together, these results suggest that some previously reported cognitive deficits in children with TS are due to comorbidities, rather than to the syndrome itself.
Forest fuel characterization using direct sampling in forest plantations

One of the essential elements for a fire to occur is the flammable material. This is defined as the total biomass that has the ability to ignite and burn when exposed to a heat source. Fuel characterization in Mexican forest ecosystems is very scarce. However, this information is very important for estimating flammability and forest fire risk, fire behavior, environmental impact assessment and critical decision making related to fire management practices. The aim of this study was to determine the fuel load in a Eucalyptus sp. plantation, which has not been given any kind of management over the past 20 years in order to suggest actions and management tools for preventing wildfires. The fuel load estimation was carried out by using the planar intersections technique described by James. K Brown (1974) and adapted by Sánchez and Zerecero (1983). In this work, the study area was divided into five sites, each of them with a control point at its center and from there a series of 20-m long sampling lines were established towards the four cardinal points. At these points, the firewood fuel inventory information was recorded as well as their interceptions according to their delay time. Additionally, using depth and weight parameters, the organic layer or light fuel layer was measured. Along the sampling lines, four quadrants of 0.25 m each were distributed every 5, 10, 15, and 20m where the depth was measured and material contained in 1m was collected; the weight was registered in situ and dry weight in the laboratory. As for data processing, it was done using the formulas from the technique described above. The results indicate that the total forest fuel load for the plantation was 53.65 ton/ha; wood fuels accounted for 70% of this accumulation with 39.62 tons/ha and the organic layer contributed with 16.81 ton/ha representing 30% of the total fuel load. This large accumulation is mainly due to the lack of plantation management. We recommend implementing management strategies to maintain fuel accumulations at a minimum level while protecting the soil so that the risk of forest fires can be highly reduced. 1 An abbreviated version of this paper was presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy: Climate Change and Wildfires, 56-11 November 2012, Mexico City, Mexico. 2 Graduate student, Forestry Sciences School, Autonomous University of Nuevo León. Linares N.L México; Email: eva.g18@hotmail.com. 3 Research Professor, Forestry Sciences School, Autonomous University of Nuevo León. Linares N.L México. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Fire Economics, Planning, and Policy: Climate Change and Wildfires 397
Stress, Social Support, and Health in Married Professional Women with Small Children

Two hundred married professional women with small children were surveyed to investigate what types of occupational and role-conflict stresses are associated with physical and depressive symptoms, and whether social support could protect individuals from the negative health effects of stress. Six stress indices predicted physical and depressive symptoms, both concurrently and 1 year later. These stresses reflected perceptions of lack of authority and influence on the job, sex discrimination, a heavy work load, work imposing on relaxation, family imposing on relaxation, and overall suffering from role conflict. Social support yielded no stress-buffering effects.
Personality and organizational health: The role of conscientiousness

Organizational health research identifies processes through which the work environment and individual differences combine to influence both individual and organizational outcomes. This study investigated the contribution of conscientiousness to organizational health. Research in the areas of occupational stress, work performance, and organizational climate was used to develop a framework for integrating different elements of organizational health. Within this framework, the work environment was assessed by perceptions of workload and role clarity ; individual well-being was assessed by psychological distress and job satisfaction ; and behaviour important for organizational success was assessed by contextual performance. Conscientiousness was investigated within the framework using self-reports from a sample of 104 Australian employees. Conscientiousness directly influenced contextual performance but did not influence well-being or perceptions of the work environment. Conscientiousness also reduced the imp.
Age-related slowing and fragmentation of a complex movement quantified by optoelectronic kinesiology

Computer-assisted optoelectronic movement analysis has opened a new field in quantitative laboratory studies of motor function in freely moving humans. In order to establish a method for objective and quantitative documentation of age-related change of a complex movement, a lifting task composed of rising, gait and arm movements was designed. The motor performance of 44 healthy subjects in three age groups was recorded optoelectronically. The change in motor function in the age interval of 40-75 years was mainly due to slower motor performance. In a majority of the subjects aged 85, a movement fragmentation also occurred, indicating deficient co-ordination of rising, gait and arm movements in this age group. The method was found to be well suited to clinical studies of movement pattern and disturbances in elderly subjects. The design of specific tests measuring different aspects of the age-related change in motor function may be of value for sociomedical planning of care and prevention.
The Importance of Mental Health Awareness Training in a European Probation Training Curriculum

In 2009 the CEP held a conference centring around the concept of a pan-European probation training curriculum. This article draws on the results of an evaluation of some training conducted in the UK to argue that mental health awareness training should form part of such a common training programme. The article outlines the potential benefits of making such training mandatory for staff working in probation systems across Europe. In addition, it identifies the role of instructional design in constructing learning resources which are flexible enough to be reconfigured to be relevant in different cultural contexts without diminishing the learning process.
Discourses of Emotionality in Commercial Sex: The Missing Client Voice

This paper analyses the discourse of a group of men who buy sex from women, examining the way they explain and justify their pleasure in such sex. They do so through two sets of interpretations: on the one hand they assert that the commercial exchange is a mutual emotional and sexual relationship between clients and the women who provide sex, and on the other hand they assert that the payment of money discharges all larger obligations associated with relationships. The result is a profoundly self-serving interpretative schema in which women who provide sex are ascribed an identity and agency to position clients in an almost wholly benign light.
Identifying differentially expressed genes under heat stress and developing molecular markers in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) through transcriptome analysis

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is a long‐lived, cool‐season forage grass that is commonly used for hay production. Despite its economic importance, orchardgrass genome remains relatively unexplored. In this study, we used Illumina RNA sequencing to identify gene‐associated molecular markers, including simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as heat stress‐induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in two orchardgrass genotypes, ‘Baoxing’ (heat resistant) and ‘01998’ (heat susceptible). Approximately 163 million high‐quality trimmed reads were generated from 207 million raw reads using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. A total of 126 846 unigenes were obtained after de novo assembly of the trimmed reads, and 40 078 unigenes were identified as coding sequences (CDSs). Based on the assembled unigenes, 669 300 high‐quality SNPs, including 416 099 transitions and 257 736 transversions, were contained in 75 875 unigenes. In addition, a total of 8475 microsatellites were detected in 7764 unigenes. When placed under heat stress, the total number of DEGs in ‘Baoxing’ (3527) was higher than in ‘01998’ (2649), indicating that in comparison with heat‐susceptible ‘01998’, heat‐resistant ‘Baoxing’ seems to have more unigenes that respond to heat stress. The high‐throughput transcriptome sequencing of orchardgrass under heat stress provides useful information for gene identification and for the development of SNP and SSR molecular markers. The comparison of DEGs under different periods of heat stress allowed us to identify a wealth of candidate DEGs that can be further analysed in order to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in orchardgrass.
INFRARED TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANETS HD 209458b AND XO-1b USING THE WIDE FIELD CAMERA-3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE

Exoplanetary transmission spectroscopy in the near-infrared using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) NICMOS is currently ambiguous because different observational groups claim different results from the same data, depending on their analysis methodologies. Spatial scanning with HST/WFC3 provides an opportunity to resolve this ambiguity. We here report WFC3 spectroscopy of the giant planets HD 209458b and XO-1b in transit, using spatial scanning mode for maximum photon-collecting efficiency. We introduce an analysis technique that derives the exoplanetary transmission spectrum without the necessity of explicitly decorrelating instrumental effects, and achieves nearly photon-limited precision even at the high flux levels collected in spatial scan mode. Our errors are within 6% (XO-1) and 26% (HD 209458b) of the photon-limit at a resolving power of λ/δλ ∼ 70, and are better than 0.01% per spectral channel. Both planets exhibit water absorption of approximately 200 ppm at the water peak near 1.38 μm. Our result for XO-1b contradicts the much larger absorption derived from NICMOS spectroscopy. The weak water absorption we measure for HD 209458b is reminiscent of the weakness of sodium absorption in the first transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet atmosphere by Charbonneau et al. Model atmospheres having uniformly distributed extra opacity of 0.012 cm2 g−1 account approximately for both our water measurement and the sodium absorption. Our results for HD 209458b support the picture advocated by Pont et al. in which weak molecular absorptions are superposed on a transmission spectrum that is dominated by continuous opacity due to haze and/or dust. However, the extra opacity needed for HD 209458b is grayer than for HD 189733b, with a weaker Rayleigh component.
Attributions of Competence Mediate the Behaviors of Caregivers and Older Adults

This study tests whether age stereotypes held by professional caregivers and health professionals have an effect on the behaviors of these professionals and the competence of older adults. A repeated-measures design was implemented in the State of Colima (Mexico). The first phase recorded aging stereotypes; the second phase observed the functioning of caregivers and older adults. Analyses revealed that stereotypical beliefs about competence mediated the relationships between the behaviors of caregivers and the older adults. Given that aging stereotypes held by caregivers negatively affect the competence behaviors of older persons, if we want to promote competence and active aging in senior citizens it would seem important to promote change in the stereotypical beliefs of their caregivers.
Electroacupuncture Stimulation at CV12 Inhibits Gastric Motility via TRPV1 Receptor

Gastric dysmotility is one of the major pathophysiological factors in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Acupuncture, as one of the alternative approaches, is efficacious in the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders; however, the mechanism underlying its action is unclear. In the present study, we used both capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist, and TRPV1 knockout mice. Animals were divided into wild-type group (WT), capsazepine injection group (CZP, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and TRPV1 knockout mice group (TRPV1−/−). Each of these three groups was divided into three subgroups, which were subjected to EA stimulation at acupoint Zhongwan (CV12) at a different intensity (1, 2, or 4 mA). We demonstrated that electroacupuncture at Zhongwan (CV12) markedly inhibited gastric motility at 2 and 4 mA in an intensity-dependent manner in wild-type mice. The inhibitory effect was also observed in capsazepine-injected and TRPV1−/− mice but was no longer intensity dependent, indicating that TRPV1 is partially involved in the electroacupuncture-mediated modulation of gastric motility.
Dynamic Ad Allocation: Bandits with Budgets

We consider an application of multi-armed bandits to internet advertising (specifically, to dynamic ad allocation in the pay-per-click model, with uncertainty on the click probabilities). We focus on an important practical issue that advertisers are constrained in how much money they can spend on their ad campaigns. This issue has not been considered in the prior work on bandit-based approaches for ad allocation, to the best of our knowledge. We define a simple, stylized model where an algorithm picks one ad to display in each round, and each ad has a \emph{budget}: the maximal amount of money that can be spent on this ad. This model admits a natural variant of UCB1, a well-known algorithm for multi-armed bandits with stochastic rewards. We derive strong provable guarantees for this algorithm.
Women of the Klan: Racism and Gender in the 1920s

Ignorant. Brutal. Male. One of these stereotypes of the Ku Klux Klan offers a misleading picture. In "Women of the Klan", sociologist Kathleen M. Blee dismantles the popular notion that politically involved women are always inspired by pacifism, equality, and justice. In her new preface, Blee reflects on how recent scholarship on gender and right-wing extremism suggests new ways to understand women's place in the 1920s Klan's crusade for white and Christian supremacy.
Good Posture, Good Balance: Comparison of Bioinspired and Model-Based Approaches for Posture Control of Humanoid Robots

This article provides a theoretical and thorough experimental comparison of two distinct posture control approaches: (1) a fully model-based control approach and (2) a biologically inspired approach derived from human observations. While the robotic approach can easily be applied to balancing in three-dimensional (3-D) and multicontact (MC) situations, the biologically inspired balancer currently only works in two-dimensional situations but shows interesting robustness properties under time delays in the feedback loop. This is an important feature when considering the signal transmission and processing properties in the human sensorimotor system. Both controllers were evaluated in a series of experiments with a torque-controlled humanoid robot (TORO). This article concludes with some suggestions for the improvement of model-based balancing approaches in robotics.
Moving through Illness with Strong Backs and Soft Fronts

As researchers consider the “problem” of men’s health-related help-seeking, more limited attention has been devoted to gender dynamics in how men with cancer work with lay and professional supports during illness. This article helps address that gap by presenting a substantive theory of men’s help-seeking in the context of cancer. Developed using a grounded theory methodology engaging thirty men, results indicate that as men experienced cancer as a “biographical disruption” they used help-seeking to both resist and adapt to illness-related identity threats. “Help-seeking with a strong back” allowed men to build resources important to resisting shifts. In contrast, “help-seeking with a soft front” enabled men to obtain help to acknowledge and adapt to disruptions. Although both forms of help-seeking had value, most men experienced help-seeking with a strong back as unproblematic and consistent with masculine ideals, while help-seeking with a soft front was less anticipated, less welcomed, and less comfortable amid gendered norms discouraging expressions of vulnerability.
Window of Opportunity? Adolescence, Music, and Algebra

Research has suggested that musicians process music in the same cortical regions that adolescents process algebra. An early adolescence synaptogenesis might present a window of opportunity during middle school for music to create and strengthen enduring neural connections in those regions. Six school districts across Maryland provided scores from the 2006-2007 administrations of the Maryland Algebra/Data Analysis High School Assessment. Findings from a sample of 6,026 adolescents showed that students enrolled in formal instrumental or choral music instruction during middle school outperformed those who experienced neither of those modes of musical instruction. Significant mean differences in algebra achievement occurred between the instrumental and neither-instruction groups (13.34, p < .001) and between the choral and neither-instruction groups (3.82, p < .001). For African Americans, means significantly differed between the choral and neither-instruction groups (9.39, p < .001). The greatest mean difference between any two comparison groups occurred between the instrumental and neither-instruction groups of African Americans (18.87, p < .001).
Constraint Satisfaction by Survey Propagation

Survey Propagation is an algorithm designed for solving typical instances of random constraint satisfiability problems. It has been successfully tested on random 3-SAT and random $G(n,\frac{c}{n})$ graph 3-coloring, in the hard region of the parameter space. Here we provide a generic formalism which applies to a wide class of discrete Constraint Satisfaction Problems.
Near-minimum-time task planning for fruit-picking robots

A near-minimum-time task-planning algorithm for fruit-harvesting robots having to pick fruits at N given locations is presented. For the given kinematic and inertial parameters of the manipulator, the algorithm determines the near-optimal sequence of fruit locations through which the arm should pass and finds the near-minimum-time path between these points. The sequence of motions was obtained by solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) using the distance along the geodesics in the manipulator's inertia space, between every two fruit locations, as the cost to be minimized. The proposed algorithm was applied to define the motions of a citrus-picking robot and was tested for a cylindrical robot on fruit position data collected from 20 trees. Significant reduction in the required computing time was achieved by dividing the volume containing the fruits into subvolumes and estimating the geodesic distance rather than calculating it. >
Bayes-Adaptive POMDPs: A New Perspective on the Explore-Exploit Tradeoff in Partially Observable Domains

Bayesian Reinforcement Learning has generated substantial interest recently, as it provides an elegant solution to the exploration-exploitation trade-off in reinforcement learning. However most investigations of Bayesian reinforcement learning to date focus on the standard Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Our goal is to extend these ideas to the more general Partially Observable MDP (POMDP) framework, where the state is a hidden variable. This difficult decision-making problem can be formulated cleanly by simply extending the state to include the model parameters themselves. However closed-form solutions are not possible. This paper explores a family of approximations for solving this problem. These approaches are able to trade-off between (1) improving knowledge of the POMDP domain through interaction with the environment, (2) resolving uncertainty about the current state, and (3) choosing actions with high expected reward.
Physiological demands of match-play in elite tennis: A case study

Abstract The physiological and perceptual demands together with match notation of a four-set tennis match were studied in two elite professional players during the preparation for the 2008 Davis Cup. The design of this case report is unique in that it is the first to describe the demands of prolonged match-play (197 min) over four sets in ecologically valid conditions. The variables measured before and after each set included blood lactate and glucose concentrations, body mass, and perception of effort. Stroke count for each rally and heart rate were recorded during each set while salivary cortisol concentration was determined before and after the match. The rally length decreased as the match progressed. The results showed significant physiological stress, with each player losing greater than 2.5% of body mass (as fluid) and having elevated salivary cortisol concentrations after the match. Heart rate and perception of effort were also increased following each set indicating increasing stress. However, blood lactate decreased following the fourth set while blood glucose was maintained. The results also suggest that elite players may adjust work rates or tactics to cope with the increased perception of effort. This report shows that four sets of tennis are associated with increasing stress and fatigue.
A Fresh Look at How Professions Take Shape: Dual-directed Networking Dynamics and Social Boundaries

Understanding boundary-spanning activities such as interorganizational alliances and professional/organizational integration requires clarity about what boundaries are being spanned and how they were constructed. We approach this goal by drawing on social identity theory and institutional theory to develop a process model, whereby inward- and outward-directed networking activities combine to build the social boundaries marking exclusive membership and proprietary domain. Four stages in the process are demonstrated, using two longitudinal case studies of emerging professions: the Jewish legal profession in Israel and physician executives in the USA. Despite the cases' contextual differences, analysis of networking activities supports propositions based on the model.