Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Impression of Coffee Carbohydrates

Coffee is one of the most popular beverages in the world. It is consumed for its refreshing and stimulating properties. Carbohydrates are the major constituents of coffee beans and serve various functions like binding of aroma, stabilization of foam, formation of sedimentation, and increased viscosity of the extract. The principal low molecular weight carbohydrate is sucrose and no evidence of other simple oligosaccharides has been found. Polysaccharide fraction from green coffee is dominated by arabinogalactan, galactomannan, and cellulose. The polysaccharide content is reduced during roasting due to degradation to low molecular weight carbohydrates (viz., mono and oligosaccharide) and become more extractable. Various methods that can be employed to extract the carbohydrate from roasted coffee are sequential extraction, acid hydroloysis, hot water extraction, enzymatic extraction etc. Carbohydrates from coffee can be quantitatively determined by liquid chromatography, high performance anion exchange chromatography, size exclusion chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. Besides improving the organoleptic quality of the coffee beverage, carbohydrates also possess various biological activities such as lowering colon cancer risk. Besides their sheer mass, a variety of evidences testify to the important contribution that the polysaccharide content makes to the character of the final brew. Although a number of chemical and enzymatic methods have been devised to isolate and quantify the carbohydrates of R&G coffee, till date hot water extraction is the only method which can be accepted as a most feasible process and hence, there is wide scope of further research for the efficient and economically viable technology for extraction of carbohydrates from coffee.
Nerve Sheath Myxoma: A Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Analysis of 57 Morphologically Distinctive, S-100 Protein- and GFAP-Positive, Myxoid Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors With a Predilection for the Extremities and a High Local Recurrence Rate

This report describes the clinicopathologic findings in 57 cases of nerve sheath myxoma. Our study group included 34 males and 23 females, ranging from 8 to 72 years of age at the time of their first surgical procedure (mean, 36 years; median, 34 years). The patients typically presented with solitary, superficial, multinodular masses in the 0.5- to 2.5-cm size range. Eighty-six percent of cases occurred in the extremities, with the most common locations being the hand/fingers (n = 22), knee/pretibial region (n = 10), and ankle/foot (n = 7). Only 7 cases (12.3%) involved the trunk or head and neck region. The tumors were generally slow growing, and often, they were present for many years before surgical resection was sought. In the majority of instances, the lesions were painless. Histologically, the tumors involved the dermis and/or subcutis, and they formed distinct multinodular/multilobular masses with abundant myxoid matrix and a peripheral fibrous border. All cases had small epithelioid Schwann cells in corded, nested, and/or syncytial-like aggregates, a variable number of Schwann cells with a ring-like appearance, and scattered spindled and stellate-shaped Schwann cells. These cells often had cytoplasmic-nuclear invaginations, and they were immunoreactive for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase, and CD57. They were also bordered by collagen IV. Epithelial membrane antigen-positive perineurial cells were typically present in small numbers, primarily in the fibrous tissue directly adjacent to the myxoid nodules. CD34-positive intraneural fibroblasts were generally sparse. Mitotic figures were uncommon. All cases were initially managed by simple excision, and in almost all instances, tumor extended to the tissue edge. Follow-up information is available for 34 patients (follow-up range, 8 months to 28 years; median follow-up interval, 14 years 3 months). Sixteen patients (47%) had one (n = 11) or more (n = 5) local recurrence of their tumor, and 2 additional patients had findings suspicious for a recurrence. Nerve sheath myxomas are morphologically distinct peripheral nerve sheath tumors with a peak incidence in the fourth decade of life and a strong predilection for the extremities. These tumors have a relatively high local recurrence rate when managed by simple local excision. They appear to be unrelated to so-called cellular and mixed-type neurothekeomas.
Fast Polarization for Processes with Memory

Fast polarization is crucial for the performance guarantees of polar codes. In the memoryless setting, the rate of polarization is known to be exponential in the square root of the block length. A complete characterization of the rate of polarization for models with memory has been missing. We consider polar codes for processes with memory that are characterized by an underlying aperiodic and irreducible finite state Markov chain. We show that the rate of polarization for these processes is the same as in the memoryless setting, both to the high and to the low-entropy sets. Thus, polar codes achieve the Markov capacity in many information-theoretic applications.
Sistemas expertos que recomiendan estrategias de instrucción. Un modelo para su desarrollo.

Las aplicaciones inteligentes del software computacional intentan emular los procesos del pensamiento humano. El problema que se presenta a los disenadores de ambientes educativos es la cantidad de variables que interactuan entre si y que deben ser tenidas en cuenta para un diseno efectivo de la instruccion. Los autores describen un sistema experto que asiste a los disenadores de la instruccion en la identificacion de la mejor estrategia instruccional dado un escenario definido por las caracteristicas del que aprende, del curriculum y del contexto del aprendizaje. En los aspectos metodologicos se considera la definicion del problema estableciendo: objetivos, alcance, participantes y ambito donde se utiliza el sistema. Una vez conocidos todos estos datos, el sistema experto es capaz de identificar el patron o combinacion de patrones que mejor se adapta a la situacion instruccional presentada por el usuario, recomendando de este modo estrategias de instruccion a utilizar por parte del disenador.
Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non‐seep habitats on the Pacific margin

Benthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in deep‐sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for Pacific deep‐sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the relationships between seep and non‐seep populations of the deep‐sea foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo‐indicator species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals, collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C. wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange to remain within the same species between seep and non‐seep habitats and over global distances.
Planar patterned stretchable electrode arrays based on flexible printed circuits

For stretchable electronics to achieve broad industrial application, they must be reliable to manufacture and must perform robustly while undergoing large deformations. We present a new strategy for creating planar stretchable electronics and demonstrate one such device, a stretchable microelectrode array based on flex circuit technology. Stretchability is achieved through novel, rationally designed perforations that provide islands of low strain and continuous low-strain pathways for conductive traces. This approach enables the device to maintain constant electrical properties and planarity while undergoing applied strains up to 15%. Materials selection is not limited to polyimide composite devices and can potentially be implemented with either soft or hard substrates and can incorporate standard metals or new nano-engineered conductors. By using standard flex circuit technology, our planar microelectrode device achieved constant resistances for strains up to 20% with less than a 4% resistance offset over 120 000 cycles at 10% strain.
Mixed Membership Word Embeddings : Corpus-Specific Embeddings Without Big Data

Word embeddings provide a nuanced representation of words which can improve the performance of NLP systems by revealing the hidden structural properties of words and their relationships to each other. These models have recently risen in popularity due to the successful performance of scalable algorithms trained in the big data setting. Consequently, word embeddings are commonly trained on very large generic corpora such as Wikipedia, instead of a (typically smaller) corpus of interest, leading to embeddings that are precisely trained but inaccurate relative to the domain of study. I propose a probabilistic model-based word embedding method which can recover high-dimensional embeddings without big data, due to a sensible parameter sharing scheme. The key insight is to leverage the notion of mixed membership modeling, in which global representations are shared, but individual entities (i.e. dictionary words) are free to use these representations to uniquely differing degrees. Leveraging connections to topic models, I show how to train these models in high dimensions using a combination of state-of-the-art training techniques from the word embedding and topic modeling literatures.
Co-administration of walnut (Juglans regia) prevents systemic hypertension induced by long-term use of dexamethasone: a promising strategy for steroid consumers

Abstract Context: The long-term consumption of glucocorticoids (GCs) may induce serious adverse effects such as hypertension. There is sufficient evidence related to the benefit of walnuts on the cardiovascular system. Objective: This study assesses the effect of methanol extract of walnut [Juglans regia L. (Juglandaceae)] on dexamethasone-induced hypertension and the possible mechanisms in Wistar rats. Material and methods: Animals were randomized into control, kernel extract (100 and 200 mg/kg/d, orally), dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg/d, subcutaneously), dexamethasone + kernel (100 and 200 mg/kg/d, separately), and dexamethasone + captopril (25 mg/kg/d, orally) groups. Animals were treated with water, kernel extract or captopril by gavage 4 d before and during 11 d of saline or dexamethasone treatment. On the 16th day, blood pressure (BP) was recorded and blood samples were collected to measure nitric oxide (NO). Animal hearts were frozen for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Results: Dexamethasone increased the diastolic BP and MDA/GPX ratio in comparison with control group (128 ± 7 vs. 105 ± 3 mmHg, p < 0.05 and 0.2 ± 0.046 vs. 0.08 ± 0.02, p < 0.05). Combination of dexamethasone and walnut (200 mg/kg) prevented the dexamethasone-induced diastolic hypertension (109 ± 3 vs. 128 ± 7 mmHg; p < 0.05), increased the GPX level (14.8 ± 1.46 vs. 5.1 ± 0.64 unit/mg, p < 0.05), reduced the MDA/GPX ratio (0.16 ± 0.015 vs. 0.2 ± 0.046) and improved serum NO level. Conclusion: Similar to captopril, walnut extract normalized dexamethasone-induced hypertension. A part of this beneficial effect apparently involves maintaining balance of the redox system and NO production.
Swelling‐ and cAMP‐Activated Cl− Currents in Isolated Rat Carotid Body Type I Cells

1 In the whole‐cell configuration of the patch clamp technique, isolated rat carotid body type I cells exhibited reversible activation of Cl− currents during cell swelling effected by hypotonic extracellular solutions. 2 Hypotonic solutions evoked outwardly rectifying, non‐inactivating currents which showed time‐independent activation. The reversal potential (Erev) for the hypotonically evoked current was 1.6 ± 0.6 mV (n= 26). Reduction of extracellular Cl− from 133 to 65.5 mm caused a shift in Erev of ± 14.7 ± 0.4 mV (n= 5). 3 The swelling‐activated Cl− current could not activate when ATP was omitted from the patch pipette or when substituted for the non‐hydrolysable ATP analogues 5′‐adenylylimido‐diphosphate, AMP‐PNP (2 mm) or β,γ–methylene‐adenosine 5′‐triphosphate, AMP‐PCP (2 mm). The current also failed to activate in the absence of free intracellular Ca2+. 4 The swelling‐activated Cl− current was sensitive to blockade by the Cl− channel blockers niflumic acid (300 μm and 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid (DIDS; 200 μm), although the blockade by DIDS was voltage dependent. 5 A similar, non‐inactivating, outwardly rectifying Cl− current was evoked by the inclusion of cAMP (200 μm) in the patch pipette. This current could be inhibited by niflumic acid (300 μm) DIDS (200 μm) and hypertonic solutions, and was virtually abolished in the absence of intracellular ATP. 6 In conclusion, carotid body type I cells possess Cl− currents activated by cell swelling and rises in intracellular cAMP concentration. These currents may be involved in cell volume regulation, blood volume and osmolarity regulation and the response of the type I cell to chemostimuli.
Erythropoietin use in a pregnant Jehovah's witness with anemia and beta-thalassemia: a case report.

BACKGROUND Anemia in pregnancy is seen often because of iron deficiency and the "physiologic dilution" that occurs in the third trimester. Other causes include genetic conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemias. In cases not responding to iron therapy, patients occasionally require a blood transfusion to restore adequate circulating red blood cell mass. In patients belonging to the Jehovah's Witness sect, transfusion of blood products is not allowed, and treatment of anemia in pregnancy may require use of erythropoietin. CASE A 26-year-old, African American woman belonging to the Jehovah's Witness sect presented with anemia associated with beta-thalassemia. Iron therapy and prenatal vitamins did not correct the anemia, and the patient became symptomatic, with fatigue and shortness of breath when walking. Therapy with synthetic erythropoietin corrected the anemia, and the patient had an otherwise-uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery. CONCLUSION Synthetic erythropoietin has been used successfully in patients with renal failure and anemia. In pregnancy associated with renal failure and anemia, synthetic erythropoietin has been shown to be safe except for rare cases of hypertension. We treated anemia caused by beta-thalassemia in pregnancy with synthetic erythropoietin to avoid a transfusion in a Jehovah's Witness.
Reliability of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification

The American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) classification is a widely used grading system for the pre-operative health of a surgical patient. It was originally developed in 1941 by Saklad et al. and then modified in 1961 by Dripps et al.[1] into a five-class version. According to other researchers, the ASA-PS classification should be modified and adapted to the paediatric population because there are many differences between the physiology and pathology of adults and children. Many studies have tested the relation between the ASA classification and several outcomes[2,3] such as mortality, cardiac arrest, morbidity, length of stay and predictors of blood loss. The reliability of the ASA-PS classification has been widely evaluated,[4,5] but there are different conclusions on the ASA-PS classification reliability. There is no agreement on the level of reliability of the scale. We conducted a systematic review on the state of studies on the reliability of the ASA-PS classification. To our knowledge, there is only one review on the ASA-PS classification,[6] and there are no systematic reviews on its reliability. The primary aim was to check the state of studies on the reliability of the ASA-PS classification for the broad population of adults and children waiting for surgery.
Adverse drug reactions causing admission to a paediatric hospital: a pilot study

What is known and Objective: It is known that adverse drug reactions (ADRs) cause admission to hospital in adults and children. A recent adult study showed that ADRs are an important and frequent cause of hospital admission. The objective of this study is to develop methodology to ascertain the current burden of ADRs through a prospective analysis of all unplanned admissions to a paediatric hospital.
Ym1 Is a Neutrophil Granule Protein That Crystallizes in p47 phox -deficient Mice*

Crystals were discovered within the aged lung and at sites of chronic inflammation in a mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease. Following re-crystallization at neutral pH, the crystals were identified as the chitinase-like protein Ym1, expressed in organs of the lymphoreticular system, the lung, and distal stomach. Ym1 was shown to be a neutrophil granule protein and to have weak β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity, indicating that it might contribute to the digestion of glycosaminoglycans. Crystal formation is likely to be a function of excess neutrophil turnover at sites of inflammation in the chronic granulomatous disease mouse. Failure to remove subcutaneous Ym1 crystals injected into knockout mice indicates that a failure of digestion may also contribute to crystallization.
Protein arginine methyltransferase CARM1 attenuates the paraspeckle-mediated nuclear retention of mRNAs containing IRAlus

In many cells, mRNAs containing inverted Alu repeats (IRAlus) in their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) are inefficiently exported to the cytoplasm. Such nuclear retention correlates with paraspeckle-associated protein complexes containing p54nrb. Hu et al. show that disruption of arginine methyltransferase CARM1 enhances the nuclear retention of mRNAs containing IRAlus. CARM1 regulates this nuclear retention pathway at two levels: CARM1 methylates the coiled-coil domain of p54nrb, resulting in reduced binding of p54nrb to mRNAs containing IRAlus; CARM1 also acts as a transcription regulator to suppress NEAT1 transcription, leading to reduced paraspeckle formation.
UK electricity market modeling using combined Conjectural Variation equilibrium method and hierarchical optimization algorithm

Various methods such as equilibrium models are introduced to manage the risks of participating in the electricity market. Especially in those electricity markets with specific structures, such as BETTA (British Electricity Transmission and Trading Agreement), based on bilateral trading, the usage of this modeling becomes more significant. This paper proposes a novel Conjectural Variation (CV) equilibrium model for bilateral electricity markets, such as BETTA, to reduce the market participants' exposure to risk. Through an iterative coordination algorithm, consisting of a conjectural variations equilibrium model of an oligopolistic set of generators with a corresponding oligopsonistic equilibrium model of a set of supply companies, the `match' of both quantity and price between these two models can be obtained. This match can be found by a hierarchical optimization approach, using the Matlab Direct-Search optimization method.
Validity of the MoCA and MMSE in the detection of MCI and dementia in Parkinson disease

Background: Due to the high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia in Parkinson disease (PD), routine cognitive screening is important for the optimal management of patients with PD. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is more sensitive than the commonly used Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in detecting MCI and dementia in patients without PD, but its validity in PD has not been established. Methods: A representative sample of 132 patients with PD at 2 movement disorders centers was administered the MoCA, MMSE, and a neuropsychological battery with operationalized criteria for deficits. MCI and PD dementia (PDD) criteria were applied by an investigator blinded to the MoCA and MMSE results. The discriminant validity of the MoCA and MMSE as screening and diagnostic instruments was ascertained. Results: Approximately one third of the sample met diagnostic criteria for a cognitive disorder (12.9% PDD and 17.4% MCI). Mean (SD) MoCA and MMSE scores were 25.0 (3.8) and 28.1 (2.0). The overall discriminant validity for detection of any cognitive disorder was similar for the MoCA and the MMSE (receiver operating characteristic area under the curve [95% confidence interval]): MoCA (0.79 [0.72, 0.87]) and MMSE (0.76 [0.67, 0.85]), but as a screening instrument the MoCA (optimal cutoff point = 26/27, 64% correctly diagnosed, lack of ceiling effect) was superior to the MMSE (optimal cutoff point = 29/30, 54% correctly diagnosed, presence of ceiling effect). Conclusions: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, but not the Mini-Mental State Examination, has adequate psychometric properties as a screening instrument for the detection of mild cognitive impairment or dementia in Parkinson disease. However, a positive screen using either instrument requires additional assessment due to suboptimal specificity at the recommended screening cutoff point.
An Analysis Framework for Interuser Interference in IEEE 802.15.6 Body Sensor Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Interuser interference occurs when multiple body sensor networks (BSNs) are transmitting simultaneously in close proximity to each other. Interference analysis in BSNs is challenging due to the hybrid medium access control (MAC) and the specific channel characteristics of BSNs. This paper presents a stochastic geometry analysis framework for interuser interference in IEEE 802.15. 6 BSNs. An extended Matern point process is proposed to model the complex spatial distribution of the interfering BSNs caused by the hybrid MAC defined in IEEE 802.15. 6. We employ a stochastic geometry approach to evaluate the performance of BSNs, considering the specific channel characteristics of BSNs near the human body. Performance metrics are derived in terms of outage probability and spatial throughput in the presence of interuser interference. We conduct performance evaluation through extensive simulations and show that the simulation results fit well with the analytic results. Insights are provided on the determination of the interference detection range, the BSN density, and the design of MAC for BSNs.
QoS evaluation for several typical topologies and routing algorithms of some WSNs in high-speed railway

This paper investigates the problem of node deployment and routing algorithm of several wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in high-speed railway based on quality of service (QoS). Unlike most of the existing works on QoS, which only consider partial indexes or do not deal with some specific scenarios, a relatively sophisticated QoS evaluation index system for high-speed railway operating environment is proposed, in which both the network performance and network cost are considered. Based on this system, an evaluation and analysis of several typical topologies and routing algorithms for linear network are carried out. And a method of node deployment with a routing algorithm which is suitable for high-speed railway is given in the end.