Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low-cost adaptive data separation method for the flash translation layer of solid state drives

Solid state drives (SSDs) have shown great potential for data-intensive computing due to their much higher throughput and lower energy consumption compared to traditional hard disk drives. Within an SSD, its Flash Translation Layer (FTL) is responsible for exposing the SSD's flash memory storage to the computer system as a simple block device. The FTL design is one of the dominant factors determining an SSD's lifespan and the amount of performance degradation. To deliver better performance, we propose a new, low-cost, adaptive separation-aware flash translation layer (ASA-FTL) that combines data clustering and selective caching of recency information to accurately identify and separate hot/cold data while incurring minimal overhead. Using simulations of ASA-FTL with real-world workloads, we have shown that our proposed approach reduces the garbage collection overhead by up to 28% and the overall response time by 15% compared to one of the most advanced existing FTLs.
Bir1 Deletion Causes Malfunction of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint and Apoptosis in Yeast

Cell division in yeast is a highly regulated and well studied event. Various checkpoints are placed throughout the cell cycle to ensure faithful segregation of sister chromatids. Unexpected events, such as DNA damage or oxidative stress, cause the activation of checkpoint(s) and cell cycle arrest. Malfunction of the checkpoints may induce cell death. We previously showed that under oxidative stress, the budding yeast cohesin Mcd1, a homolog of human Rad21, was cleaved by the caspase-like protease Esp1. The cleaved Mcd1 C-terminal fragment was then translocated to mitochondria, causing apoptotic cell death. In the present study, we demonstrated that Bir1 plays an important role in spindle assembly checkpoint and cell death. Similar to H2O2 treatment, deletion of BIR1 using a BIR1-degron strain caused degradation of the securin Pds1, which binds and inactivates Esp1 until metaphase-anaphase transition in a normal cell cycle. BIR1 deletion caused an increase level of ROS and mis-location of Bub1, a major protein for spindle assembly checkpoint. In wild type, Bub1 was located at the kinetochores, but was primarily in the cytoplasm in bir1 deletion strain. When BIR1 was deleted, addition of nocodazole was unable to retain the Bub1 localization on kinetochores, further suggesting that Bir1 is required to activate and maintain the spindle assembly checkpoint. Our study suggests that the BIR1 function in cell cycle regulation works in concert with its anti-apoptosis function.
The Balanced Scorecard: The Effects of Assurance and Process Accountability on Managerial Judgment

The balanced scorecard is one of the major developments in management accounting in the past decade (Ittner and Larcker 2001). Lipe and Salterio (2000) find that managers ignore one of the key scorecard features, the inclusion of measures that are unique to the strategic objectives of a business unit, when making performance evaluation judgments. This study identifies and tests two approaches to reducing this “common measures bias. ” We examine whether increasing effort via invoking process accountability (i.e., requiring managers to justify to their superior their performance evaluations) and/or improving the perceived quality of the balanced scorecard measures (i.e., via an independent third‐party assurance report on the balanced scorecard) increases managers' usage of unique performance measures in their evaluations. Results suggest that either the requirement to justify an evaluation to a superior or the provision of an assurance report on the balanced scorecard increases the use of unique measures in .
Using the TOP500 to trace and project technology and architecture trends

The TOP500 is a treasure trove of information on the leading edge of high performance computing. It was used in the 2008 DARPA Exascale technology report to isolate out the effects of architecture and technology on high performance computing, and lay the groundwork to project how current systems might mature through the coming years. Two particular classes of architectures were identified: "heavyweight" (based on high end commodity microprocessors) and "lightweight," (primarily BlueGene variants), and projections made on performance, concurrency, memory capacity, and power. This paper updates those projections, and adds a third class of "heterogeneous" architectures (leveraging the emerging class of GPU-like chips) to the mix.
Motor learning: its relevance to stroke recovery and neurorehabilitation.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Much of neurorehabilitation rests on the assumption that patients can improve with practice. This review will focus on arm movements and address the following questions: (i) What is motor learning? (ii) Do patients with hemiparesis have a learning deficit? (iii) Is recovery after injury a form of motor learning? (iv) Are approaches based on motor learning principles useful for rehabilitation? RECENT FINDINGS Motor learning can be broken into kinematic and dynamic components. Studies in healthy subjects suggest that retention of motor learning is best accomplished with variable training schedules. Animal models and functional imaging in humans show that the mature brain can undergo plastic changes during both learning and recovery. Quantitative motor control approaches allow differentiation between compensation and true recovery, although both improve with practice. Several promising new rehabilitation approaches are based on theories of motor learning. These include impairment oriented-training (IOT), constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), electromyogram (EMG)-triggered neuromuscular stimulation, robotic interactive therapy and virtual reality (VR). SUMMARY Motor learning mechanisms are operative during spontaneous stroke recovery and interact with rehabilitative training. For optimal results, rehabilitation techniques should be geared towards patients' specific motor deficits and possibly combined, for example, CIMT with VR. Two critical questions that should always be asked of a rehabilitation technique are whether gains persist for a significant period after training and whether they generalize to untrained tasks.
Design of silicon ring resonators for CO2 detection

This paper presents a novel design of a “Sensor on a Chip” spectrometer, based on silicon on silica (SOI) material. It employs a series of silicon micro-ring resonators with varied diameters whose resonance wavelengths evenly space out across the CO2 emission spectrum range. This provides a resonators-based detection platform for the observation of the Earth's atmospheric CO2 levels, as well as for the monitoring of the air quality related CO2 level and car exhauster CO2 pollution level. This chip-based spectrometer can collect light, propagate it along a bus waveguide, coupling the light into the ring resonators at their resonant wavelengths, and then drop off the light onto an output waveguide which is coupled with a broadband photodiode detector. The chip can be readily made by conventional silicon based semiconductor process technology.
Power-Aware Code Restructuring for Embedded Parallel Storing Device

In order to cope with the energy challenge emerging with the process of parallelism in embedded storing device, this paper focuses on the static code restructuring of nested loop array accessing related to storing device. Departing the running time of different devices can extend the duration time when it is in low- power state. Experiment shows that power-aware code restructuring can effectively reduce state switching times and extra power wasted. Static method described in this paper can achieve up to 12% power reduction if it cooperates with proper dynamic method.
Effect of Photoanode Design on the Photoelectrochemical Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on SnO2 Nanocomposite

Li-doped ZnO (LZO) aggregated nanoparticles are used as an insulating layer in SnO2 nanocomposite (SNC) photoanodes to suppress the recombination process in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Various weight percentages of SnO2 nanoparticles (SNPs) and SnO2 nanoflowers (SNFs) were used to prepare SNC photoanodes. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics showed that the incorporation of an LZO insulating layer in an SNC photoanode increased the conversion efficiency of DSSCs. This was due to an increase in the surface area, charge injection, and charge collection, and the minimization of the recombination rate of photoanodes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results showed lower series resistance, charge injection resistance, and shorter lifetimes for DSSCs based on an SNC photoanode with an LZO insulating layer. The open circuit voltage and fill factor of the DSSCs based on SNC photoanodes with an LZO insulating layer significantly increased. The DSSC based on a SNC photoanode with a SNC:SNF weight ratio of 1:1 had a high current density of 4.73 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage of 630 mV, fill factor of 69%, and efficiency of 2.06%.
SearchAutomaton: Searching mechanism for multi-format data by combining indexing tools and techniques

In present days, I.T. Industry is rapidly growing there for its operational data increase significantly. Any large organization review its data effectively for performance evaluation and day to day monitoring. To provide such functionality Search Engine is required. Sometimes requirement of multi-format data retrieval is also important with compare to text retrieval. Oracle, Lucene and Terrier all having its own indexing mechanism to deal with such kind of retrieval. All these have its own limitations too. By combining oracle and Lucene or terrier indexing mechanism formulation of multi-format searching mechanism can be built and these is the main gist of these research. In SearchAutomaton master index is built by combining Oracle 11g index data and Terrier index data. With the help of Top-k algorithm and modified ranking model different indexing structures were analyzed as a master index entries. Effective retrieval is being possible through trained ranking model which give priority ranking for database item and file system item.
Peer-to-peer streaming over dynamic random Hamilton cycles

We are motivated by the problem of designing a simple distributed algorithm for Peer-to-Peer streaming applications that can achieve high throughput and low delay, while allowing the neighbor set maintained by each peer to be small. While previous works have mostly used tree structures, our algorithm constructs multiple random directed Hamilton cycles and disseminates content over the superposed graph of the cycles. Compared with the algorithms constructing trees, the complexity to dynamically update the network topology in response to peer churn does not increase with the network size under our algorithm. We show that it is possible to achieve the maximum streaming capacity even when each peer only transmits to and receives from Θ(1) neighbors. Further, we show that the proposed algorithm achieves the streaming delay of Θ(logN) when the streaming rate is less than (1 - 1/K) of the maximum capacity for any fixed constant K ≥ 2.
Posthearing Ca2+ Currents and Their Roles in Shaping the Different Modes of Firing of Spiral Ganglion Neurons

Whereas prehearing spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) rely faithfully on outputs from spontaneously active developing hair cells, the electrical phenotypes of posthearing neurons are shaped by distinct rapid and graded receptor potentials from hair cells. To date, technical difficulties in isolation of fragile posthearing neurons from the rigid bony labyrinth of the inner ear have hindered analyses of the electrical phenotype of SGNs. Therefore, we have recently developed new strategies to isolate posthearing mouse SGNs for functional analyses. Here, we describe the coarse and fine properties of Ca2+ currents, which sculpt the firing properties of posthearing SGNs. Murine SGNs express multiple Ca2+ channel currents to enable diverse functions. We have demonstrated that suppression of Ca2+ currents results in significant hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential (rmp) of basal SGNs, suggesting that Ca2+ influx primes rmp for excitation. In contrast, removal of external Ca2+ has modest effects on rmp of apical SGNs. The blockade of Ca2+ currents with a mixture of specific blockers attenuates spontaneously active SGNs. Paradoxically, different subtypes of Ca2+ currents, such as R-type currents, may activate resting outward conductances since blockage of the current results in depolarization of rmp. In keeping with whole-cell current data, single-channel records revealed multiple diverse Ca2+ channels in SGNs. Additionally, there were differential expressions of distinct Ca2+ current densities in the apicobasal contour of the adult cochlea. This report provides invaluable insights into Ca2+-dependent processes in adult SGNs.
A Luminous Companion to SGR 1806-20

We have obtained infrared spectra of the star suggested to be the counterpart of the soft gamma-ray repeater (SGR) 1806-20. We found strong emission lines similar to those seen in the spectra of the rare luminous blue variables and B(e) stars. A He I absorption line is also seen, from which we infer a spectral type O9-B2. This classification, in combination with the minimum distance of greater than or approximately = 6 kpc inferred from its extinction, makes the star one of the most luminous in the Galaxy. We infer that it is a companion to SGR 1806-20 and suggest that the presence of a companion is somehow related to the SGR phenomenon.
Specialization of Object-Oriented Programs Written in Java Language

Design patterns offer many advantages in software development, but introduce overheads into programs. These overheads and inefficiency can be eliminated by specialization, which adapts a program code to a specific use. In this paper, we show how to eliminate some of overheads caused by virtual methods calls. We propose the specialization of abstract factory and prototype design patterns that are used concurrently and we discuss how aspects can be used for virtual calls elimination. We have experimentally verified the usage of designed specialization pattern.
Fructus Mume Formula in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial

Background. “Fructus Mume or Dark Plum” (pilule form) has been used for many years in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and may be a valid treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim. One aspect toward efficacy validation is the evaluation of the blood glucose-lowering effect of Fructus Mume (FM) with T2DM patients in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Methods. This pilot study uses a RCT procedure to assess efficacy of FM and Metformin. The trial was for 12 weeks, with 80 T2DM subjects. Both groups were standardized in their diet and exercise routine. Comparisons of several variables were analyzed. Results. No significant differences were found between groups in the fasting and postprandial glucose levels although both had significant decreases. The values of glycosylated hemoglobin were significantly reduced in both groups. For patients whose body mass index (BMI) was <23, neither FM nor Metformin had an effect on BMI; for those with a BMI between 23 and 25 or the BMI was >25, both FM and Metformin significantly reduce the BMI. Conclusions. In this pilot study, it was demonstrated that Fructus Mume formula may reduce the levels of blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Star-forming dwarf galaxies in the Virgo cluster: the link between molecular gas, atomic gas, and dust

We present $^{12}$CO(1-0) and $^{12}$CO(2-1) observations of a sample of 20 star-forming dwarfs selected from the Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey, with oxygen abundances ranging from 12 + log(O/H) ~ 8.1 to 8.8. CO emission is observed in ten galaxies and marginally detected in another one. CO fluxes correlate with the FIR 250 $\mu$m emission, and the dwarfs follow the same linear relation that holds for more massive spiral galaxies extended to a wider dynamical range. We compare different methods to estimate H2 molecular masses, namely a metallicity-dependent CO-to-H2 conversion factor and one dependent on H-band luminosity. The molecular-to-stellar mass ratio remains nearly constant at stellar masses <~ 10$^9$ M$_{\odot}$, contrary to the atomic hydrogen fraction, M$_{HI}$/M$_*$, which increases inversely with M$_*$. The flattening of the M$_{H_2}$/M$_*$ ratio at low stellar masses does not seem to be related to the effects of the cluster environment because it occurs for both HI-deficient and HI-normal dwarfs. The molecular-to-atomic ratio is more tightly correlated with stellar surface density than metallicity, confirming that the interstellar gas pressure plays a key role in determining the balance between the two gaseous components of the interstellar medium. Virgo dwarfs follow the same linear trend between molecular gas mass and star formation rate as more massive spirals, but gas depletion timescales, $\tau_{dep}$, are not constant and range between 100 Myr and 6 Gyr. The interaction with the Virgo cluster environment is removing the atomic gas and dust components of the dwarfs, but the molecular gas appears to be less affected at the current stage of evolution within the cluster. However, the correlation between HI deficiency and the molecular gas depletion time suggests that the lack of gas replenishment from the outer regions of the disc is lowering the star formation activity.
Transmit Power Control in Wireless Mesh Networks Considered Harmful

A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) serves to extend the coverage of Access Points (APs) by means of Relay Nodes (RNs) that forward data between Mobile Nodes (MNs) and an AP. This concept reduces deployment costs by exchanging the wires between APs by a wireless backbone. Unfortunately, this also reduces capacity, owing to multiple transmissions of the same data packet on its multi-hop route.Hence, different mechanisms to increase the capacity of WMNs are investigated, one of them being transmit power control. By limiting the transmission power, interference on other links is reduced. As a consequence, it should be possible for them to use more susceptible and thus higher rate Modulation- and Coding Schemes (MCSs), which improves the system capacity.Unfortunately, the reduction of the transmission power has also the effect that the received signal power is reduced, which then requires more robust (lower-rate)MCSs, reducing capacity.In this paper, we use an analytical framework to compute the upper capacity bound of Wireless Mesh Networks(WMNs) with and without transmit power control. The comparison shows that the negative influence of the power control dominates the positive.
Routine general practice care for panic disorder within the lifestyle approach to managing panic study

Routine general practice (GP) care is rarely comprehensively described in clinical trials. This paper examines routine GP care within the lifestyle approach to managing panic (LAMP) study. The aim of this paper is to describe/discuss routine GP care for panic disorder (PD) patients within both study arms in the LAMP study. An unblinded pragmatic randomised controlled trial in 15 East of England GP practices (2 primary care trusts). Participants met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for PD with/without agoraphobia. Follow-up measures recorded at 20 weeks/10 months following randomisation. Control arm, unrestricted routine GP care (practice appointments, referrals and prescriptions). Trial arm, occupational therapy-led lifestyle treatment comprising lifestyle review of fluid intake, diet pattern, exercise, caffeine, alcohol and nicotine. Primary outcome measure: beck anxiety inventory. At baseline, participants attended 2–3 times more GP appointments than population average, reducing at 10 months to 1.6 times population average for routine GP care and 0.97 population average for lifestyle arm. At 10 months, 33% fewer referrals (6 referrals; 0 mental health) than at baseline (9 referrals; 2 mental health) were made for lifestyle arm patients compared with 42% increase (from 12 referrals; 8 mental health at baseline to 17 referrals; 7 mental health) in GP care arm. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were prescribed most often. Benzodiazepines and beta-blockers were prescribed more often than tricyclic against current clinical guidelines. In conclusion, we found that PD patients at baseline were high healthcare resource users. Treatment in both study arms reduced resource use. Routine GP care requires further review for this patient group.
Measurement of Action Potential-Induced Presynaptic Calcium Domains at a Cultured Neuromuscular Junction

Spatially localized Ca2+ domains are thought to play a key role in action potential (AP)-evoked neurotransmitter release at fast synapses. We used a stage-scan confocal spot-detection method and the low-affinity Ca2+ indicator Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-5N to study the spatiotemporal profile of presynaptic AP-induced Ca2+ domains. Families of scanned AP-induced fluorescence transients were detected from spot locations separated by 200–300 nm, within the vicinity of Ca2+ entry sites. Typically, the largest transient in a particular scan peaked within ∼1 msec and decayed with rapid (τ1 of 1.7 msec) and slow components (τ2 of 16 msec, τ3 of 78 msec). As the spot was incrementally displaced, transients progressively exhibited a slowing in their time-to-peak and a loss of the fast decay component. Three-dimensional graphs of fluorescence versus time and spot displacement revealed the presence of AP-induced fluorescence domains that dissipated within ∼7 msec. The size of fluorescence domains were estimated from the full-width at half-maximum of gaussian fits to isochronal ΔF/F plots and ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 μm, with a mean ± SD of 1.6 ± 0.6 μm. Model simulations of a localized Ca2+ entry site predicted the major features of the fluorescence transients and suggested that, within ∼1 msec of the initiation of the Ca2+ current, both the fluorescence domain and the underlying Ca2+ domain do not extend significantly beyond the site of entry. Consistent with this prediction, the intracellular addition of EGTA (up to 2 mm) accelerated the decay of the measured transients but did not affect the domain size.
Characterizing Social Interactions using the Sociometer

Knowledge of how groups of people interact is important in many disciplines, e.g. organizational behavior, social network analysis, knowledge management and ubiquitous computing. Existing studies of social network interactions have either been restricted to online communities, where unambiguous measurements about how people interact can be obtained, or have been forced to rely on questionnaires, or diaries to get data on face-to-face interactions. Surveybased methods are error prone and impractical to scale up. This paper describes our work in developing a computational framework to model face-to-face interactions within a community. We have integrated methods from speech processing and machine learning to demonstrate that it is possible to extract information about people’s patterns of communication, without imposing any restriction on the user’s interactions or environment. Furthermore, we analyze some of the conversational dynamics and present results that demonstrate distinctive and consistent turntaking styles for individuals during conversations. Finally, we present results that show strong correlation between a person’s turn-taking style during one-on-one conversations and the person’s role within the network. Author