Correction: Post-Control Surveillance of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida with Chemically-Baited Sticky Traps

Background: Chagas disease prevention critically depends on keeping houses free of triatomine vectors. Insecticide spraying is very effective, but re-infestation of treated dwellings is commonplace. Early detection-elimination of reinfestation foci is key to long-term control; however, all available vector-detection methods have low sensitivity. Chemicallybaited traps are widely used in vector and pest control-surveillance systems; here, we test this approach for Triatoma spp. detection under field conditions in the Gran Chaco. Methodology/Principal Findings: Using a repeated-sampling approach and logistic models that explicitly take detection failures into account, we simultaneously estimate vector occurrence and detection probabilities. We then model detection probabilities (conditioned on vector occurrence) as a function of trapping system to measure the effect of chemical baits. We find a positive effect of baits after three (odds ratio [OR] 5.10; 95% confidence interval [CI95] 2.59–10.04) and six months (OR 2.20, CI95 1.04–4.65). Detection probabilities are estimated at p<0.40–0.50 for baited and at just p<0.15 for control traps. Bait effect is very strong on T. infestans (three-month assessment: OR 12.30, CI95 4.44–34.10; p<0.64), whereas T. sordida is captured with similar frequency in baited and unbaited traps. Conclusions/Significance: Chemically-baited traps hold promise for T. infestans surveillance; the sensitivity of the system at detecting small re-infestation foci rises from 12.5% to 63.6% when traps are baited with semiochemicals. Accounting for imperfect detection, infestation is estimated at 26% (CI95 16–40) after three and 20% (CI95 11–34) after six months. In the same assessments, traps detected infestation in 14% and 8.5% of dwellings, whereas timed manual searches (the standard approach) did so in just 1.4% of dwellings only in the first survey. Since infestation rates are the main indicator used for decision-making in control programs, the approach we present may help improve T. infestans surveillance and control program management. Citation: Rojas de Arias A, Abad-Franch F, Acosta N, López E, González N, et al. (2012) Post-Control Surveillance of Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida with Chemically-Baited Sticky Traps. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6(9): e1822. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd. 0001822 Editor: Eric Dumonteil, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mexico Received January 25, 2012; Accepted August 5, 2012; Published September 13, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Rojas de Arias et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: Research was funded by the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)/World Bank/World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO TDR) and by the European Commission (CD/R-TDR-450-05 INCO.DC EBR18*CT980356). Additional support was provided by the Cámara Argentina de Empresas de Control de Plagas (CAECPLA); the Paraguayan Servicio Nacional de Control de Vectores (SENEPA); Fundación Mundo Sano, Argentina; and the Fiocruz-Fapeam agreement, Brazil. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: rojasdearias@gmail.com . These authors contributed equally to this work.