Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Updated budget standard estimates for Australian working families in September 2003

The views expressed in this publication do not represent any official position on the part of the Social Policy Research Centre, but are the views of the individual author(s). Executive Summary • This report presents updated estimates of the incomes required by Australian working families to meet their needs in 2003. The research is based on earlier SPRC research commissioned in 1995 by the Department of Family and Community Services. • A budget standard estimates what is needed, in terms of material goods and services, by a particular type of family in order to achieve a particular standard of living in a particular place at a particular time. This involves identifying the basket of goods and services required to meet these needs, pricing them, and adding up the resulting expenditures to derive the family budget. • The principal advantage of a budget standard is that the assumptions and judgments on which it is based are made explicit, and this transparency provides a valuable basis for informed debate on questions of the adequacy of living standards. • Two separate budget standards were developed in the previous research. The modest but adequate standard is one that affords full opportunity to participate in contemporary Australian society and the basic options it offers. The low cost standard is intended to represent a level of living that may require frugal and careful management of resources but would still allow social and economic participation consistent with community standards. • The primary motivation for developing a low cost budget was to guide the setting of income support payments. The modest but adequate standard describes a level of comfort in which prevailing consumption and participatory needs are met without the need for frugality. It is the standard of living that the majority of 'middle Australian' families aspire to. • In specifying the budgets, and differentiating between the low cost and modest but adequate standards, the total budget for each household was split into the following nine main budget areas: housing; energy; food; clothing and footwear; household goods and services; health; transport; leisure; and personal care. • While the arguments are not clear-cut, the SPRC low cost standard is too low for use in setting minimum wages and the modest but adequate standard is probably too high. In general, which precise point is chosen on the continuum that separates the two standards involves judgments to be made. • The …
Optical Microcavity: Sensing down to Single Molecules and Atoms

This review article discusses fundamentals of dielectric, low-loss, optical micro-resonator sensing, including figures of merit and a variety of microcavity designs, and future perspectives in microcavity-based optical sensing. Resonance frequency and quality (Q) factor are altered as a means of detecting a small system perturbation, resulting in realization of optical sensing of a small amount of sample materials, down to even single molecules. Sensitivity, Q factor, minimum detectable index change, noises (in sensor system components and microcavity system including environments), microcavity size, and mode volume are essential parameters to be considered for optical sensing applications. Whispering gallery mode, photonic crystal, and slot-type microcavities typically provide compact, high-quality optical resonance modes for optical sensing applications. Surface Bloch modes induced on photonic crystals are shown to be a promising candidate thanks to large field overlap with a sample and ultra-high-Q resonances. Quantum optics effects based on microcavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) would provide novel single-photo-level detection of even single atoms and molecules via detection of doublet vacuum Rabi splitting peaks in strong coupling.
Ranking and Linking as a Function of Sex and Gender Role Attitudes

A great deal of empirical research has shown that many of the behavioral and attitudinal differences found between males and females can be conceptualized as falling within the domains of “ranking” and “linking” orientations. This paper explores the three major paradigms that can be and have been used to explain the etiology of these male-female differences: (a) cultural determinism, (b) biological determinism, and (c) biocultural interactionism. It argues that, although there is no definitive evidence in support of any of these three major explanatory paradigms, the cultural and biological deterministic paradigms are difficult to reconcile with a good deal of empirical evidence. Hence, understanding male-female differences as a complex interaction between biological and cultural factors may be a more fruitful approach.
INTRODUCTION: SOME ISSUES ON SELF-REGULATION TO CONSIDER

This special issue entitled “Motivation and self-regulation” started after the kind invitation of Professor Hirotsugu Yamauchi to the other co-editors and the willingness of the distinguished Psychologia Society of Japan to host in its journal Psychologia: An International Journal of Psychology in the Orient the articles included in this special issue. We are grateful to them. The special issue comprises six articles. Due to space limitations four of them are included in Issue 4, Volume 45 and two in Issue 1, Volume 46 of the journal. The introduction deals with all 6 articles because of the unity of the concepts in all of them. The goal we set, a special issue on motivation and self-regulation, was challenging, because there is a lot and highly interesting work in this area. Self-regulation is a concept that was introduced into the psychological and educational vocabulary in the 1980s (Zimmerman & Schunk, 1989; Zimmerman & Martinez-Pons, 1992) and since then it has attracted the interest of researchers all over the world. It draws on various lines of research such as metacognition (Brown, 1987; see also Efklides, 2001), achievement goals (Ames, 1992; Dweck, 1986; Nicholls, 1984; see also Thrash & Elliot, 2001), intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985), action control (Kuhl, 1985), appraisal processes (see Boekaerts & Niemivirta, 2000), etc., but the emphasis is on how the people monitor and control, i.e., regulate, their performance, their cognition and affect as well as their environment in order to achieve their goal. Self-regulation has also been related to autonomy and self-determination in goal setting (Deci & Ryan, 1985; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and to cognitive or metacognitive strategy use for the successful implementation of the goals set (Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991; Weinstein & Mayer, 1986). After almost two decades of research, however, there are still many issues that have not been resolved. This special issue aims at highlighting some of them. Let us name a few: 1. Self-regulation, as the name denotes, presupposes the active involvement of one’s own self. However, which aspects of one’s self are relevant to self-regulation and how do they interact with regulatory processes? This issue is taken up in the articles of Pajares and
A new RBFN with modified optimal clustering algorithm for clear and occluded fingerprint identification

In this present paper, a Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) based on Modified Optimal Clustering Algorithm (MOCA) have been developed for clear and occluded fingerprint identification. Unlike conventional OCA technique which only considers intra cluster similarity for performing the desired number of clusters, MOCA combines both intra and inter cluster similarity while grouping such that not only the desired numbers of clusters or groups are formed, but also no misclassification is formed within any group. The approach of using MOCA within Modified RBFN for performing learning and identification of the different fingerprints is effective and efficient. Also the performance evaluation with accuracy, precision, recall and F-score of the classifier are quiet high and the learning time of fingerprints are quite low.
Finding refactorings via change metrics

Reverse engineering is the process of uncovering the design and the design rationale from a functioning software system. Reverse engineering is an integral part of any successful software system, because changing requirements lead to implementations that drift from their original design. In contrast to traditional reverse engineering techniques ---which analyse a single snapshot of a system--- we focus the reverse engineering effort by determining where the implementation has changed. Since changes of object-oriented software are often phrased in terms of refactorings, we propose a set of heuristics for detecting refactorings by applying lightweight, object-oriented metrics to successive versions of a software system. We validate our approach with three separate case studies of mature object-oriented software systems for which multiple versions are available. The case studies suggest that the heuristics support the reverse engineering process by focusing attention on the relevant parts of a software system.
Minority Identity Development and Preference for Counselor Race.

Efforts to date to determine if Black clients prefer Black counselors over White counselors have resulted in equivocal findings. Although a number of studies suggest that a preference for Black counselors does exist' other studies have found either no evidence of a racial preference2 or evidence that other counselor variables are more important than race in determining counselor preference.3 One explanation for this apparent discrepancy in past research is that researchers have failed to recognize intragroup differences among Blacks4 that may be reflected in subject populations. In a study that examined intragroup differences, Jackson and Kirshner5 found a significant relationship between preference for counselor race and racial self-designation; students who identified themselves as Afro-American or Blacks were more likely to prefer a same-race counselor than were students who identified themselves as Negro.
HIV-Infected Women's Decisions to Take Antiretrovirals

Despite the potential benefits of antiretrovirals, HIV-infected women may not be accepting or adhering to recommended drug therapies. To help women make informed decisions surrounding antiretroviral therapy, health care professionals need insight into how HIV-infected women decide to take or not to take antiretroviral drugs. The purpose of this study was to describe the influences affecting decisions made by women in the southern United States to accept and adhere to antiretroviral therapy. Focus group data with subsequent dimensional analysis were used to discover themes surrounding antiretroviral decisions among 22 women in two predominantly rural, southeastern states. The focus groups included some women who were currently taking antiretrovirals, some who had taken them in the past, and some who had never taken them. The analyses revealedfour overarching themes that influenced women's decisions regarding antiretrovirals: health professionals, beliefs about antiretrovirals, side effects, and attitudes of peers and family.
Further Theoretical Contributions to a Privacy Preserving Distributed OLAP Framework

This paper complements our privacy preserving distributed OLAP framework proposed in [8] by introducing four major theoretical properties that extend models and algorithms presented in [8], where the experimental validation of the framework has also been reported. Particularly, the framework [8] makes use of the CUR matrix decomposition technique [12] as the elementary component for computing privacy preserving two-dimensional OLAP views effectively and efficiently. Here, we investigate theoretical properties of the CUR decomposition method, and identify some theoretical extensions of this method, which, according to our vision, may result in benefits for a wide spectrum of aspects in the context of privacy preserving distributed OLAP, such as privacy preserving knowledge fruition schemes and query optimization.
Symbol in mediation

Using symbol is a vital part of the mediation process at every stage. Mediators should be conscious of the wide range of tools available in their art. The point is not to add more gimmicks in a field already struggling for full legitimacy in the mainstream, but to heal the Manichaean splits in our professionalized world between, for example, priest and doctor, theater and therapy, and conflict resolution and community.
Sound Stabilizes Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling and Reduces Energy Cost

A natural synchronization between locomotor and respiratory systems is known to exist for various species and various forms of locomotion. This Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling (LRC) is fundamental for the energy transfer between the two subsystems during long duration exercise and originates from mechanical and neurological interactions. Different methodologies have been used to compute LRC, giving rise to various and often diverging results in terms of synchronization, (de-)stabilization via information, and associated energy cost. In this article, the theory of nonlinear-coupled oscillators was adopted to characterize LRC, through the model of the sine circle map, and tested it in the context of cycling. Our specific focus was the sound-induced stabilization of LRC and its associated change in energy consumption. In our experimental study, participants were instructed during a cycling exercise to synchronize either their respiration or their pedaling rate with an external auditory stimulus whose rhythm corresponded to their individual preferential breathing or cycling frequencies. Results showed a significant reduction in energy expenditure with auditory stimulation, accompanied by a stabilization of LRC. The sound-induced effect was asymmetrical, with a better stabilizing influence of the metronome on the locomotor system than on the respiratory system. A modification of the respiratory frequency was indeed observed when participants cycled in synchrony with the tone, leading to a transition toward more stable frequency ratios as predicted by the sine circle map. In addition to the classical mechanical and neurological origins of LRC, here we demonstrated using the sine circle map model that information plays an important modulatory role of the synchronization, and has global energetic consequences.
Preoperative fentanyl infusion with pharmacokinetic simulation for anesthetic and perioperative management of an opioid-tolerant patient.

UNLABELLED For opioid-tolerant patients, conventional patient-controlled analgesia dosing may be ineffective. We present a cardiac surgery patient with a history of significant opioid tolerance and prior episodes of severe postoperative pain. Using the patient's response to a large-dose fentanyl infusion in conjunction with a pharmacokinetic simulation, effective intraoperative and postoperative fentanyl plasma concentrations were achieved. IMPLICATIONS A preinduction fentanyl infusion used in conjunction with pharmacokinetic simulation can be a useful tool for assessing individual limits of opioid tolerance, as well as determining an appropriate dose for acute pain management in opioid-tolerant patients.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. chinensis Strain CT-43

ABSTRACT Bacillus thuringiensis has been widely used as an agricultural biopesticide for a long time. As a producing strain, B. thuringiensis subsp. chinensis strain CT-43 is highly toxic to lepidopterous and dipterous insects. It can form various parasporal crystals consisting of Cry1Aa3, Cry1Ba1, Cry1Ia14, Cry2Aa9, and Cry2Ab1. During fermentation, it simultaneously generates vegetative insecticidal protein Vip3Aa10 and the insecticidal nucleotide analogue thuringiensin. Here, we report the finished, annotated genome sequence of B. thuringiensis strain CT-43.
Living through College Literacy

This case study of a Chinese undergraduate nursing student focuses on her literacy experiences in her nursing major. Although traditional academic writing played some role in her education, the unusual demands of nonacademic, disciplinary documents, particularly nursing care plans (NCPs), played a more significant and more intractable role in her education and in the difficulties she faced. This investigation of features of academic literacy across the curriculum also embeds this student’s experience in broader concerns of the nursing curriculum and nursing regulatory agencies, further complicating the role of disciplinary literacy acquisition.
Adhesion to the extracellular matrix regulates the coupling of the small GTPase Rac to its effector PAK

The small GTPase Rac regulates cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle progression, gene expression and oncogenic transformation, processes that depend upon both soluble growth factors and adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM). We now show that growth factors and adhesion to the ECM both contribute independently and approximately equally to Rac activation. However, activated Rac in non‐adherent cells failed to stimulate the Rac effector PAK. V12 Rac or Rac activated by serum translocated to the membrane fraction of adherent cells but remained mainly cytoplasmic in suspended cells. An activated Rac mutant lacking a membrane‐targeting sequence did not activate PAK in adherent cells, while mutations that forced membrane targeting restored PAK activation in suspended cells. In vitro, V12 Rac showed greater binding to membranes from adherent relative to suspended cells, indicating that cell adhesion regulated membrane binding sites for Rac. These results show that ECM regulates the ability of Rac to couple with PAK via an effect on membrane binding sites that facilitate their interaction.
Decentralized adaptive stabilization of nonlinear interconnected stochastic systems by output feedback

This paper studies the stabilization problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear interconnected systems with unknown parameters involved. By employing filtered transformation, the stochastic Lyapunov-like theorem and the back-stepping design technique, a decentralized output-feedback controller and parameter adaptive law are proposed. It is proved that the closed-loop, large-scale, interconnected stochastic systems is globally asymptotically stable in probability.
Multiple Minorities and Deceptive Dichotomies: The Theoretical and Political Implications of the Struggle for a Public French Education System in Alberta

Abstract. In this article we re-establish the relevance of linguistic diversity by highlighting that French is a minority language spoken by a growing number of non-white and non-Christian minority groups, including Muslims. These groups are often characterized in contemporary Canada as essentially non-modern, traditional and opposed to secularism—characterizations that were used historically to depict French ethnic minorities as essentially Catholic, traditional and non-modern. Utilizing a historically grounded case study of the evolution of French language education rights in Alberta, the study reveals how “Franco-Albertans” are a linguistic minority comprised of other minorities. We also show the contradictions inherent in dichotomous representations of “secularism” when it comes to “Western” and “non-Western” societies, or “Christian” and “Muslim” groups. We argue that in expanding the discipline's focus to deal with a wider range of “groups,” analysts need to attend to how “multiple minorities” may take analytically relevant forms, and be wary of evolutionary and dichotomous constructions of diverse “others. ” Résumé. Dans cet article, nous redonnons une place importante à la question linguistique comme dimension politique fondamentale au Canada, et au français comme langue minoritaire parlée par un nombre croissant de groupes minoritaires non blancs et non chrétiens, y compris les musulmans. Ces groupes, ce qui n'est pas selon nous sans intérêt, sont souvent globalement décrits aujourd'hui comme étant non modernes, traditionnels et opposés au sécularisme dans un discours qui n'est pas sans évoquer la façon dont les Canadiens français furent historiquement décrits comme une société strictement catholique et prémoderne. Dans ce cas-ci, le Canada francophone est étudié à travers le prisme de la francophonie albertaine, elle-même composée de plusieurs minorités. Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les droits scolaires en Alberta et un lien est aussi établi entre cette situation et la description souvent dichotomique par rapport au sécularisme de la société canadienne entre les groupes «occidentaux» et «non occidentaux» ou encore entre les groupes «chrétiens» d'un côté, et de l'autre, les groupes de la diversité multiculturelle canadienne, notamment les musulmans francophones. La thèse de cet article est qu'en élargissant le champ d'investigation de la discipline de façon à inclure un éventail de groupes plus grand, les analystes doivent être vigilants quant à l'articulation complexe du concept de «minorités multiples» de façon à éviter les constructions trop évolutionnistes et dichotomiques des divers «autres».
Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (GALA)

A critical stage in the success of a parasitoid is the ability to locate a host within its habitat. It is hypothes ized that a series of olfactory cues may be involved in altering the parasitoid’s movement patterns at this stage of foraging. This paper focuses specifically on host habitat location and host location and the olfactory stimuli necessary to mediate the trans ition between these stages. First ly we confirm the ability of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani to detect the aphid sex pheromone at an electrophysiological level. Following this we investigate the effect of the sex pheromone component (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone on the movement patterns of A. colemani and its retention within an area. The key findings of this work are that A. colemani is able to detect the sex pheromone components, that parasitoid retention is increased by a synergy of nepetalactone and other host -ass ciated cues and that foraging patterns are augmented by the presence of nepetalactone or experience associated with nepetalactone.
Computational constraints suggest the need for two distinct input systems to the hippocampal CA3 network

The CA3 network in the hippocampus may operate as an autoassociator, in which declarative memories, known to be dependent on hippocampal processing, could be stored, and subsequently retrieved, using modifiable synaptic efficacies in the CA3 recurrent collateral system. On the basis of this hypothesis, the authors explore the computational relevance of the extrinsic afferents to the CA3 network. A quantitative statistical analysis of the information that may be relayed by such afferent connections reveals the need for two distinct systems of input synapses. The synapses of the first system need to be strong(but not associatively modifiable) in order to force, during learning, the CA3 cells into a pattern of activity relatively independent of any inputs being received from the recurrent collaterals, and which thus reflects sizable amounts of new information. It is proposed that the mossy fiber system performs this function. A second system, with a large number of associatively modifiable synapses on each receiving cell, is needed in order to relay a signal specific enough to initiate the retrieval process. This may be identified, we propose, with the perforant path input to CA3.
A Design Method for AND-OR-EXOR Three-Level Networks

This paper presents a design method of AND-OREXOR three-level networks, where single two-input EXOR gate is used for each output. The network realizes an EXOR of two sum-of-products expressions (EX-SOP): F1 F2, where F1 and F2 are sum-ofproducts expressions (SOPs). The problem is to minimize the total number of di erent products in F1 and F2. A heuristic optimization algorithm is presented, and the experimental results are shown. The algorithm uses output phase optimized SOPs and ESOPs (exclusive-or sum-of-products) as inputs.