Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An analysis of Turkish students’ perception of intelligence from primary school to university

The aim of this descriptive study was to determine the features of intelligence perceptions according to age, gender, class level, school success level and university departments. Two different scales by Dweck (2000) for both adults and children were translated into Turkish. These scales were then applied to 1350 Turkish students ranging from fourth-grade primary school to fourth-year university. Results showed that student scores relating to the perception that intelligence is an unchangeable feature in accordance with age, gender, class level, school success level and university departments were higher than the scores relating to the perception that intelligence is a malleable feature. In the terminology of mindset theory, these students were more likely to reveal evidence of fixed than growth mindsets.
Active Smoking, Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer Risk: Findings from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk

Background Evidence is lacking regarding the relationship between cigarette smoking and breast cancer in Japanese women. We examined the association between breast cancer incidence and active and passive smoking in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk. Methods Our study comprised 34,401 women aged 40-79 years who had not been diagnosed previously with breast cancer and who provided information on smoking status at baseline (1988-1990). The subjects were followed from enrollment until December 31, 2001. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between breast cancer incidence and tobacco smoke. Results During 271,412 person-years of follow-up, we identified 208 incident cases of breast cancer. Active smoking did not increase the risk of breast cancer, with a HR for current smokers of 0.67 (95% CI: 0.32-1.38). Furthermore, an increased risk of breast cancer was not observed in current smokers who smoked a greater number of cigarettes each day. Overall, passive smoking at home or in public spaces was also not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer among nonsmokers. Women who reported passive smoking during childhood had a statistically insignificant increase in risk (HR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.84-1.85), compared with those who had not been exposed during this time. Conclusion Smoking may not be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in this cohort of Japanese women.
Towards Probabilistic Bitemporal Knowledge Graphs

The emergence of open information extraction as a tool for constructing and expanding knowledge graphs has aided the growth of temporal data, for instance, YAGO, NELL and Wikidata. While YAGO and Wikidata maintain the valid time of facts, NELL records the time point at which a fact is retrieved from some Web corpora. Collectively, these knowledge graphs (KGs) store facts extracted from Wikipedia and other sources. Due to the imprecise nature of the extraction tools that are used to build and expand KGs, such as NELL, the facts in the KGs are weighted (a confidence value representing the correctness of a fact). Additionally, NELL can be considered as a transaction time KG because every fact is associated with extraction date. On the other hand, YAGO and Wikidata use the valid time model because they only maintain facts together with their validity time (temporal scope). In this paper, we propose a bitemporal model (that combines transaction and valid time models) for maintaining and querying probabilistic temporal knowledge graphs. We report our evaluation results of the proposed approach.
Practice of Epidemiology Marginal Structural Models in Occupational Epidemiology: Application in a Study of Ischemic Heart Disease Incidence and PM 2.5 in the US Aluminum Industry

Marginal structural models (MSMs) and inverse probability weighting can be used to estimate risk in a cohort of active workers if there is a time-varying confounder (e.g., health status) affected by prior exposure — a feature of the healthy worker survivor effect. We applied Cox MSMs in a study of incident ischemic heart disease and exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μ m or less (PM 2.5 ) in a cohort of 12,949 actively employed aluminum workers in the United States. The cohort was stratified by work process into workers in smelting facilities, herein referred to as “ smelters ” and workers in fabrication facilities, herein referred to as “ fabricators. ” The outcome was assessed by using medical claims data from 1998 to 2012. A composite risk score based on insurance claims was treated as a time-varying measure of health status. Binary PM 2.5 exposure was defined by the 10th-percentile cutoff for each work process. Health status was associated with past exposure and predicted the outcome and subsequent exposure in smelters but not in fabricators. In smelters, the Cox MSM hazard ratio comparing those always exposed above the cutoff with those always exposed below the cutoff was 1.98 (95% confidence interval: 1.18, 3.32). In fabricators, the hazard ratio from a traditional Cox model was 1.34 (95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.83). Results suggest that occupational PM 2.5 exposure increases the risk of incident ischemic heart disease in workers in both aluminum smelting and fabrication facilities.
Coherent nonlinear optical studies of elementary processes in biological complexes: diagrammatic techniques based on the wave function versus the density matrix

Two types of diagrammatic approaches for the design and simulation of nonlinear optical experiments (closed-time path loops based on the wave function and double-sided Feynman diagrams for the density matrix) are presented and compared. We give guidelines for the assignment of relevant pathways and provide rules for the interpretation of existing nonlinear experiments in carotenoids.
Chapter 5 Unequivocal Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are predicted to represent about one third of the eukaryotic proteome. The dynamic ensemble of conformations of this steadily growing class of proteins has remained hardly accessible for bulk biophysical techniques. However, single-molecule techniques provide a useful means of studying these proteins. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) is one of such techniques, which has certain peculiarities that make it an important methodology to analyze the biophysical properties of IDPs. However, several drawbacks inherent to this technique can complicate such analysis. We have developed a protein engineering strategy to overcome these drawbacks such that an unambiguous mechanical analysis of proteins, including IDPs, can be readily performed. Using this approach, we have recently characterized the rich conformational polymorphism of several IDPs. Here, we describe a simple protocol to perform the nanomechanical analysis of IDPs using this new strategy, a procedure that in principle can also be followed for the nanomechanical analysis of any protein.
Parameterized Distortion-Invariant Feature for Robust Tracking in Omnidirectional Vision

Central catadioptric omnidirectional images exhibit serious nonlinear distortions due to the involved quadratic mirrors. Therefore, features based on the conventional pin-hole model are hard to achieve satisfactory performances when directly applied to the distorted omnidirectional images. This paper analyzes the catadioptric geometry to facilitate modeling the nonlinear distortions of omnidirectional images. Different to the conventional imaging model, the prior information is considered in catadioptric system. A parameterized neighborhood mapping model is proposed to efficiently calculate the neighborhood of an object based on its measurable radial distance in the image plane. On the basis of the parameterized nonlinear model, a distortion-invariant fragment-based joint-feature mixture model of Gaussian is presented for human target tracking in omnidirectional vision. Under the framework of Gaussian Mixture Model, the problem of feature matching is converted into the feature clustering. The joint probability distribution of a joint-feature class is modeled by a mixture of Gaussian. A weight contribution mechanism is designed to flexibly weight the fragments contribution based on their responses, which leads to a robust tracking even under serious partial occlusion. Finally, experiments validate the advantage of the proposed algorithm over other conventional approaches. Catadioptric omnidirectional cameras have been widely used in robotics and surveillance fields for visual sensing due to its big field-of-view. However, conventional visual models use large-scale statistical sampling for feature extraction in catadioptric sensor, which may consume lot of computational cost. For practical applications, a parameterized model that can accurately and efficiently formulate distortion of catadioptric image is desirable. Integrating of the priori of system, a parameterized neighborhood model is presented to directly extract distorted image content in image, which can significantly improve the efficiency of algorithm. To robustly handle challenging occlusion in the distorted image, a flexible fragment-based joint-feature framework is presented for robust non-rigid human target tracking. Compared with the conventional tracking methods applied to catadioptric vision, the proposed tracking approaches leads to much better performance from the perspective of efficiency and robustness.
A broad-band silicon microseismometer with 0.25 NG/rtHz performance

We report a micromachined silicon seismometer with a sensitivity of 0.25 ng/rtHz from 0.1 to 10 Hz. This represents the highest performance of a MEMS inertial sensor to date, and in particular is at or below the noise floor of the Earth's lowest ambient seismic levels over this bandwidth with a performance comparable to conventional seismometers. The microseismometer is robust to high shock (> 1000 g) and vibration (> 30 g rms), and can operate from +60C to −80 C allowing deployment under harsh conditions.
Evidence Based Medicine-Implementation in Clinical Practice

Evidence based medicine is the conscientious and judicious use of current best evidence from clinical care research in the management of individual patients [1]. This requires a healthcare professional to construct a structured clinical question based on identified patient problems, critically evaluate the evidence available in medical literature, and then incorporate this information to deliver the best care possible for patients, considering the overall clinical circumstances [2]. Therefore it is imperative that a healthcare professional is familiar with at least basic skills in scientific research methodology to effectively and critically evaluate the quality of presented evidence.
ISSUES IN INTEGRATED NETWORK EXPERIMENTATION USING SIMULATION AND EMULATION

Discrete-event network simulation is widely used to rapidly design, evaluate, and validate new networking ideas as well as study the behavior of existing ones. It is characterized by complete control, absolute repeatability and ease of use while often sacrificing detail and realism to increase execution efficiency and the scale of models. Network emulation allows the study of applications running on real hosts and “somewhat real” networks. A key difference between the two approaches is that in the former, the notion of time is virtual and is independent of real time, whereas the latter must execute in real time. Typically, emulated resources are also distributed in nature. Thus, emulation gains realism while naturally foregoing complete repeatability; historically, emulation was also tedious to control and manage. Integrated Experiments, where we spatially combine real elements with simulated elements to model different portions of a network topology in the same experimental run, enable new validation techniques and larger experiments than obtainable by using real elements alone. In this thesis, we present a system in which we employ multiple loosely coordinated simulator instances running on distributed PCs in real-time to model the simulated portion of a network topology. Our key design techniques are to perform optimistic automated resource allocation, and to use feedback to adaptively allocate simulated resources in order for the simulators to run in real-time. Multiple simulator configurations specific to a resource assignment are automatically generated from an experimenter configuration which is agnostic to the details of the physical realization. The entire system is highly automated and is available for production use in Emulab.
Quantitative Analysis of the Effect of Iterative Reconstruction Using a Phantom: Determining the Appropriate Blending Percentage

Purpose To investigate the optimal blending percentage of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) in a reduced radiation dose while preserving a degree of image quality and texture that is similar to that of standard-dose computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods The CT performance phantom was scanned with standard and dose reduction protocols including reduced mAs or kVp. Image quality parameters including noise, spatial, and low-contrast resolution, as well as image texture, were quantitatively evaluated after applying various blending percentages of ASIR. The optimal blending percentage of ASIR that preserved image quality and texture compared to standard dose CT was investigated in each radiation dose reduction protocol. Results As the percentage of ASIR increased, noise and spatial-resolution decreased, whereas low-contrast resolution increased. In the texture analysis, an increasing percentage of ASIR resulted in an increase of angular second moment, inverse difference moment, and correlation and in a decrease of contrast and entropy. The 20% and 40% dose reduction protocols with 20% and 40% ASIR blending, respectively, resulted in an optimal quality of images with preservation of the image texture. Conclusion Blending the 40% ASIR to the 40% reduced tube-current product can maximize radiation dose reduction and preserve adequate image quality and texture.
END noise mapping for a sufficiently accurate people exposure estimation in epidemiological studies

The information required to perform an accurate exposure estimation are several, such as: geographical and topographical indications, population distribution, source properties. Years of research have improved and validated different numerical methods, which provide accurate results in controlled conditions, i.e. when all of the above-described information are available. Since the computational speed is increasing by means of parallel systems, it will be possible to develop new more accurate methods. They will be theoretically able to manage more inputs, obtaining more thorough analysis. Actually, it is not unlikely that some of the data required are missing or their accuracy is not suited. This leads to approximations, increasing accordingly the level of uncertainties in the exposure evaluation. Epidemiologists are accustomed to adapt their studies to the amount of available data, nonetheless their results depend onto which extent the exposure evaluation is accurate. In the paper limits and advantages of noise mapping due to END will be discussed in the perspective of the epidemiological studies and their needs and compared also to other approaches used in specific epidemiological studies. It will be also presented the new annex II of END, the work developed in CNOSSOS-EU, as well as some ideas for possible future improvements.
Region-wise Ranking of Sports Players based on Link Fusion

Players are ranked in various sports to show their importance over other players. Existing methods only consider intra-type links (e.g., player to player and team to team), but ignore inter-type links (e.g., one type of player to another type of player, such as batsman to bowler and player to team) based on cognitive aspects. They also ignore the spatiality of the players. There is a strong relationship among players and their teams, which can be represented as a network consisting of multi-type interrelated objects. In this paper, we propose a players' ranking method, called Region-wise Players Link Fusion (RPLF) which is applied to the sport of cricket. RPLF considers players' region-wise intra-type and inter-type relation-based features to rank the players. Considering multi-type interrelated objects is based on the intuition that a batsman scoring high against top bowlers of a strong team or a bowler taking wickets against top batsmen of a strong team is considered as a good player. The experimental results show that RPLF provides promising insights of players' rankings. RLFP is a generic method and can be applied to different sports for ranking players.
Sensitivity enhancement of laser absorption spectroscopy by magnetic rotation effect

The use of magnetic rotation spectroscopy (Faraday effect) to reduce the effects of source noise and improve sensitivity of spectroscopy with color center lasers has been analyzed theoretically and tested experimentally on the vibrational overtone band of NO. Sensitivity improvement of a factor of 30 compared with simple Zeeman modulation has been demonstrated. As an example of this technique, the first observation of the fundamental vibrational band of the OH radical in absorption is reported.
Indonesian Students Adaptation in Dutch Universities

Hidup di lingkungan baru tidaklah mudah bagi mahasiswa internasional. Selama proses penyesuaian diri di kehidupan barunya, para mahasiswa ini menghadapi berbagai tekanan interpersonal dan menunjukkan kesulitan selama masa belajar. Dalam upaya memprediksikan kesuksesan dan kepuasan mahasiswa internasional, maka diperlukan usaha untuk melihat proses penyesuaian dirinya. Pengaruh dari bagaimana seseorang melihat dirinya dan juga kepercayaan diri dalam berbahasa Inggris, diprediksi memberikan kontribusi pada penyesuaian sociocultural mahasiswa internasional ini. Dalam penelitian ini, independent self- construal dan English self-confidence dari 138 mahasiswa Indonesia yang berkuliah di Belanda diteliti sebagai faktor-faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi penyesuaian sociocultural-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa Indonesia ini mengalami kesulitan sociocultural yang lebih rendah ketika mereka memiliki independent self-construal dan kepercayaan diri berbahasa Inggris yang lebih tinggi. Kepercayaan diri berbahasa Inggris ini juga bertindak sebagai mediator dalam hubungan antara independent self-construal dan kesulitan sociocultural. Terakhir, ketika semua faktor dianalisis menggunakan multiple regression analysis, ditemukan bahwa lama tinggal dan dua dimensi dari independent self-construal (autonomy dan uniqueness) memiliki pengaruh paling signifikan terhadap kesulitan sociocultural.
Improving Topic Coherence Using Entity Extraction Denoising

Abstract Managing large collections of documents is an important problem for many areas of science, industry, and culture. Probabilistic topic modeling offers a promising solution. Topic modeling is an unsupervised machine learning method and the evaluation of this model is an interesting problem on its own. Topic interpretability measures have been developed in recent years as a more natural option for topic quality evaluation, emulating human perception of coherence with word sets correlation scores. In this paper, we show experimental evidence of the improvement of topic coherence score by restricting the training corpus to that of relevant information in the document obtained by Entity Recognition. We experiment with job advertisement data and find that with this approach topic models improve interpretability in about 40 percentage points on average. Our analysis reveals as well that using the extracted text chunks, some redundant topics are joined while others are split into more skill-specific topics. Fine-grained topics observed in models using the whole text are preserved.
Mice Deficient in the Respiratory Chain Gene Cox6a2 Are Protected against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria is responsible for 90% of ATP synthesis in most cells. This essential housekeeping function is mediated by nuclear and mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of complex I to V of the respiratory chain. Although complex IV is the best studied of these complexes, the exact function of the striated muscle-specific subunit COX6A2 is still poorly understood. In this study, we show that Cox6a2-deficient mice are protected against high-fat diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. This phenotype results from elevated energy expenditure and a skeletal muscle fiber type switch towards more oxidative fibers. At the molecular level we observe increased formation of reactive oxygen species, constitutive activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, and enhanced expression of uncoupling proteins. Our data indicate that COX6A2 is a regulator of respiratory uncoupling in muscle and we demonstrate that a novel and direct link exists between muscle respiratory chain activity and diet-induced obesity/insulin resistance.
Quasi-Complete Primary Components in Modular Abelian Group Rings over Special Rings

Let G be a multiplicatively written p-separable abelian group and R a commutative unitary ring of prime characteristic p so that Rp i has nilpotent elements for each positive integer i > 1. Then, we prove that, the normed unit p-subgroup S(RG) of the group ring RG is quasi-complete if and only if G is a bounded p-group. This strengthens our recent results in (Internat. J. Math. Analysis, 2006) and (Scientia Ser. A Math., 2006).
Perioperative Hyperlactemia Is a Poor Predictor of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Acute Type-A Aortic Dissection.

OBJECTIVE In patients presenting with acute type-A aortic dissection (aTAAD), lactic acid measurement is a frequently used analysis for diagnosis of acute ischemia, which may have a dismal prognosis. The aim of the current study was to determine the performance of perioperative arterial lactic acid measurements in predicting outcome in aTAAD patients. DESIGN Retrospective, observational study. SETTING Cardiothoracic surgery unit at a tertiary-level hospital. PARTICIPANTS The study involved 285 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for aTAAD. INTERVENTIONS Preoperative and postoperative lactic acid levels were measured and evaluated together with clinical data related to outcome, including in-hospital and 1-year mortality. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Altogether, 37 patients (13%) died during the index hospital admission, and survival was 84.4 ± 2.2 at 1 year. Preoperative cardiac malperfusion (odds ratio [OR] 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-7.3) and cerebral malperfusion (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.2-5.6) were associated significantly with poorer 1-year survival. The area under the curve (AUC) for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in relation to preoperative lactic acid levels was 0.684 and 0.673, respectively, corresponding to a lactic acid cut-off for in-hospital mortality of 2.75 mmol/L (sensitivity 56%; specificity 72%) and a cut-off for 1-year mortality of 2.85 mmol/L (sensitivity 48%; specificity 74%). The AUC for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in relation to lactic acid levels measured postoperatively on arrival at the intensive care unit was 0.582 and 0.498, respectively. CONCLUSION Although hyperlactemia in aTAAD indicates an increased risk of postoperative mortality, the sole use of lactic acid levels as a tool for accurate assessment of postoperative mortality is inadvisable due to its poor discriminatory performance.