Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gambling Among Adults in Germany: Prevalence, Disorder and Risk Factors

Aims: The present study aimed at analyzing prevalence of participation in gambling activities, gambling disorder as well as associated risk factors in the German adult population. Methods: Data came from the 2009 Epidemiological Survey of Substance Abuse (ESA) using a mixed-mode design including questionnaires, telephone and Internet interviews. The cross-sectional random sample consisted of 8,006 subjects aged 18 to 64 years. The response rate was 50.1 %. Results: With a 12-month prevalence of 48.0 %, gambling was a common activity differing by gender (males: 53.9 %, females: 42.0 %). Prevalence of pathological gambling (PG; past 12 months) was estimated at 0.3 % and at 1.1 % for subthreshold pathological gambling (SPG). Various socioeconomic characteristics were related to SPG and/or PG. Male gender and non-German nationality have shown the greatest risk factors for PG. Moreover, gambling frequency and multiple gambling participation were positive associated with SPG and PG. A strong association was found for preference for Internet gambling with SPG and for preference for gaming machines and sports events with PG. Conclusions: The results indicate that SPG was genuinely different from gambling without endorsing any DSM-IV criteria calling for more research on the clinical relevance and classi- fication of this subgroup. Furthermore, findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention measures that target subjects with specific socioeconomic and gambling-related risk factors. Zusammenfassung: Ziele: Untersucht wurden die Prvalenz der Glcksspielteilnahme und glcksspielbezogener Stcrungen sowie asso- ziierte Risikofaktoren bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland. Methodik: Die Stichprobe umfasste 8.006 Personen zwischen 18 und 64 Jahren aus dem Epidemiologischen Suchtsurvey (ESA) 2009. Die Daten wurden anhand schriftlicher Fragebcgen, Telefoninterviews undber das Internet erhoben. Die Antwortrate betrug 50,1 %. Ergebnisse: In den letzten 12 Monaten nahmen 48,0 % der Befragten an einem Glcksspiel teil (Mnner: 53,9 %, Frauen: 42,0 %). Bei 0,3 % der Befragten lag pathologisches Glcksspielen (PG) innerhalb der letzten 12 Monate vor; 1,1 % erfllten ein bis vier Kriterien nach DSM-IV (subthreshold pathological gambling, SPG). Es zeigte sich ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen soziockonomischen Charakteristika und SPG und/oder PG. Mnnliches Geschlecht und nicht deutsche Nationalitt waren die grcsten Risikofaktoren fr PG. Hufiges Spielen und die Teilnahme an mehreren Glcksspielen waren mit einem hcheren Risiko fr SPG und PG assoziiert. Die Prferenz fr Glcksspiele im Internet war ein signifikanter Risikofaktor fr SPG und die Prferenz fr Geldspielautomaten und Sportwetten erhchte das Risiko fr PG. Schlussfolgerung: SPG unterscheidet sich vom Spielen ohne das Erfllen von DSM-IV Kriterien und bedarf weiterer Forschung zur klinischen Relevanz und Klassifikation dieser Subgruppe. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf den erhchten Bedarf an Prventions- und Interventionsmasnahmen fr Personengruppen mit spezifischen soziockonomischen und glcksspielbezogenen Risikofaktoren hin.
Does Information Technology Really Pay Off?

This study intends to find out that under specific conditions namely, levels of strategic IT management, strategic orientation, structural sophistication, and environmental uncertainty, information technology can contribute to small business performance. An empirical study, accompanied by two case studies, was conducted among 114 Canadian SME's from the manufacturing and service sectors. Results show that firms strategic orientation and strategic IT management are both significant predictors of performance, and these relationships are stronger among firms above a certain treshold of strategic IT activities. Structural sophistication is related to performance only when it matches the level of strategic IT management. Greater structural sophistication is even associated with lower performance in firms showing a low level of strategic IT management.
Metric and Layered Temporal Logic for Time Granularity

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Development of a Proxy-Free Objective Assessment Tool of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living in Mild Cognitive Impairment Using Smart Home Technologies

Background: The assessment of activities of daily living (ADL) is essential for dementia diagnostics. Even in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), subtle deficits in instrumental ADL (IADL) may occur and signal a higher risk of conversion to dementia. Thus, sensitive and reliable ADL assessment tools are important. Smart homes equipped with sensor technology and video cameras may provide a proxy-free assessment tool for the detection of IADL deficits. Objective:The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential of a smart home environment for the assessment of IADL in MCI. Method: The smart home consisted of a two-room flat equipped with activity sensors and video cameras. Participants with either MCI or healthy controls (HC) had to solve a standardized set of six tasks, e.g., meal preparation, telephone use, and finding objects in the flat. Results: MCI participants needed more time (1384 versus 938 seconds, p < 0.001) and scored less total points (48 versus 57 points, p < 0.001) while solving the tasks than HC. Analyzing the subtasks, intergroup differences were observed for making a phone call, operating the television, and retrieving objects. MCI participants showed more searching and task-irrelevant behavior than HC. Task performance was correlated with cognitive status and IADL questionnaires but not with participants’ age. Conclusion: This pilot study showed that smart home technologies offer the chance for an objective and ecologically valid assessment of IADL. It can be analyzed not only whether a task is successfully completed but also how it is completed. Future studies should concentrate on the development of automated detection of IADL deficits.
Substitution of the distal female urethra with a vaginal flap and pedicled skin island

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Scale-Free Functional Connectivity of the Brain Is Maintained in Anesthetized Healthy Participants but Not in Patients with Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome

Loss of consciousness in anesthetized healthy participants and in patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) is associated with substantial alterations of functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks. Yet, a prominent distinction between the two cases is that after anesthesia, brain connectivity and consciousness are spontaneously restored, whereas in patients with UWS this restoration fails to occur, but why? A possible explanation is that the self-organizing capability of the brain is compromised in patients with UWS but not in healthy participants undergoing anesthesia. According to the theory of self-organized criticality, many natural complex systems, including the brain, evolve spontaneously to a critical state wherein system behaviors display spatial and/or temporal scale-invariant characteristics. Here we tested the hypothesis that the scale-free property of brain network organization is in fact fundamentally different between anesthetized healthy participants and UWS patients. We introduced a novel, computationally efficient approach to determine anatomical-functional parcellation of the whole-brain network at increasingly finer spatial scales. We found that in healthy participants, scale-free distributions of node size and node degree were present across wakefulness, propofol sedation, and recovery, despite significant propofol-induced functional connectivity changes. In patients with UWS, the scale-free distribution of node degree was absent, reflecting a fundamental difference between the two groups in adaptive reconfiguration of functional interaction between network components. The maintenance of scale-invariance across propofol sedation in healthy participants suggests the presence of persistent, on-going self-organizing processes to a critical state – a capacity that is compromised in patients with UWS.
Organizational socialization: Making sense of the past and present as a prologue for the future.

Abstract There has been a remarkable resurgence of research in organizational socialization in the past 5 years. In fact, there have been more published studies in this period than in any previous period. The diversity of topics and the use of longitudinal designs has provided a substantial increase in our understanding of the socialization process. In this review of organizational socialization, we attempt to make sense of the last 5 years of research as a prologue for the future. First, we review several theoretical perspectives that have driven most of the research and present a multi-level process model of organizational socialization that integrates current theory and research. Second, we review the research in six major areas: socialization tactics; socialization training; proactive socialization; socialization learning and content; group socialization; and moderators, mediators, and individual differences. Third, we evaluate the methodology and measurement used in socialization research. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of research needs for the next 5 years of organizational socialization research.
Sunday Working and Family Time

Abstract This parliamentary term seems likely to witness major industrial relations ‘reforms’ in Australia. Allegedly these changes will increase the competitiveness of Australian industry through reducing standardisation and facilitating more flexible arrangements. This threatens to accelerate the process of recent decades that some have called the ‘demise of the standard working hours’. Perhaps as a response to this change, the notion of ‘unsociable hours’ of work has simultaneously gained some currency. However, there is very little information on the prevalence of employment at unsocial times or on its effects. This article uses information drawn from time-use surveys to show how the proportion of working-age Australians engaged in paid work on a Sunday—the day traditionally reserved for rest—has changed since 1974. It goes on to analyse the kinds of activities particularly reserved for Sundays and how Sunday work impacts on these activities. It also examines the question of whether those who work on a Sunday can compensate by catching-up traditional weekend activities on their day(s) off during the week. The research demonstrates that Sunday workers forfeit significant amounts of time for relaxation, family conviviality and civic association. Problems of scheduling and coordination limit the capacity of Sunday workers to recover these benefits during the week.
Critical reflections on the Westphalian assumptions of international law and organization: a crisis of legitimacy

This article argues that the fields of international law and organization are experiencing a legitimacy crisis relating to fundamental reconfigurations of global power and authority. Traditional Westphalian-inspired assumptions about power and authority are incapable of providing contemporary understanding, producing a growing disjunction between the theory and the practice of the global system. The actors, structures, and processes identified and theorized as determinative by the dominant approaches to the study of international law and organization have ceased to be of singular importance. Westphalian-inspired notions of state-centricity, positivist international law, and ‘public’ definitions of authority are incapable of capturing the significance of non-state actors, informal normative structures, and private, economic power in the global political economy.
Multiresolution Surface Reconstruction: Edge Collapsing + Simplification Envelopes

Multiresolution surfaces are especially useful for fast rendering, real-time display, and progressive transmission. This paper reviews major surface simplification techniques and multiresolution surface reconstruction approaches. Based on comparison among various approximation algorithms we propose an appropriate measure for surface approximation accuracy and essential concepts for multiresolution surface reconstruction. Having analyzed the surface simplification process, we propose our solution for multiresolution surface reconstruction combination of the edge collapsing operation and simplification envelopes, which can generate continuous multiresolution surfaces with globally-guaranteed approximation errors. * The University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, Computing and Information Technology Research, Computer Vision Unit, Auckland, New Zealand Multiresolution Surface Reconstruction: Edge Collapsing + Simplification Envelopes Shao-zheng Zhou and Reinhard Klette Computing and Information Technology Research Computer Science Department, The University of Auckland Tamaki Campus, Auckland, New Zealand Email: {szho001, rklette}@cs.auckland. ac.nz
Indoor activity monitoring system for elderly using RFID and Fitbit Flex wristband

An indoor activity monitoring system for the elderly is proposed in this paper by using a Fitbit Flex wristband (FFW) and an active RFID. Two methods have been presented for identification of an activity place and a best accuracy of 98.89% has been achieved. The activity level of the elderly is evaluated via dissimilarity measurement by employing an activity density map. The presented system has the advantages of avoiding invasion of one's privacy and monitoring the daily activity unobtrusively. Experimental results show the potential of the proposed system for practical application.
Mobile Phones as Seismologic Sensors: Automating Data Extraction for the iShake System

There are a variety of approaches to seismic sensing, which range from collecting sparse measurements with high-fidelity seismic stations to non-quantitative, post-earthquake surveys. The sparse nature of the high-fidelity stations and the inaccuracy of the surveys create the need for a high-density, semi-quantitative approach to seismic sensing. To fill this void, the UC Berkeley iShake project designed a mobile client-backend server architecture that uses sensor-equipped mobile devices to measure earthquake ground shaking. iShake provides the general public with a service to more easily contribute more quantitatively significant data to earthquake research by automating the data collection and reporting mechanisms via the iShake mobile application. The devices act as distributed sensors that enable measurements to be taken and transmitted with a cellular network connection. Shaking table testing was used to assess the quality of the measurements obtained from the iPhones and iPods on a benchmark of 150 ground motions. Once triggered by a shaking event, the devices transmit sensor data to a backend server for further processing. After a seismic event is verified by high-fidelity stations, filtering algorithms are used to detect falling phones, as well as device-specific responses to the event. A method was developed to determine the absolute orientation of a device to estimate the direction of first motion of a seismic event. A “virtual earthquake” pilot test was conducted on the UC Berkeley campus to verify the operation of the iShake system. By designing and fully implementing a system architecture, developing signal processing techniques unique to mobile sensing, and conducting shaking table tests to confirm the validity of the sensing platform, the iShake project serves as foundational work for further studies in seismic sensing on mobile devices.
Variation of Entropy and Parse Trees of Sentences as a Function of the Sentence Number

In this paper we explore the variation of sentences as a function of the sentence number. We demonstrate that while the entropy of the sentence increases with the sentence number, it decreases at the paragraph boundaries in accordance with the Entropy Rate Constancy principle (introduced in related work). We also demonstrate that the principle holds for different genres and languages and explore the role of genre informativeness. We investigate potential causes of entropy variation by looking at the tree depth, the branching factor, the size of constituents, and the occurrence of gapping.
Thyroid disease symptoms during early pregnancy do not identify women with thyroid hypofunction that should be treated

To evaluate whether women during early pregnancy with “hypothyroidism” symptoms are at risk of biochemically defined hypothyroidism. The 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) recommend case‐finding on the basis of symptoms to identify these women during pregnancy, while evidence is lacking.
Accountability for Project-Based Collaborative Learning.

One perspective model for the creation of the learning environment and engendering students’ thinking development is the Project-Based Collaborative Learning (PBCL) model. This model organizes learning by collaborative performance of various projects. In this paper we describe an approach to enhancing the PBCL model through the creation of result-based accountability. Enhancing the model results in organizing PBCL as a two-phase process creation of accountability for the students and their learning results, with specific formation of a knowledge heterogeneous collaborative group, and the design of a learning assessment system. The teacher is accountable for teaching the subject through a sample project realized during the first phase of the process. Collaborative performance through group projects is realized in the second phase of PBCL. Student accountability for performance of determined project tasks is created on the basis of self-assessment of knowledge. A collaborative group is formed as a result of the coordination of personal accountabilities of students, taking into account teacher requirements providing students’ shared accountability in performance of a group project. The learning assessment system includes: the initial formative assessments when studying a subject according to knowledge levels, inducing the building of higher-order knowledge; self-assessment that allows student accountability for learning outcomes; assessment knowledge built by students, owing to collaborative project performance; assessments when studying a subject; assessments of collaborative skills and accountability skills, and combined summative assessments. The approach promotes the collaborative building of knowledge, facilitation of knowledge sharing among students, and effective construction of higher-order thinking skills, collaborative skills, and accountability skills.
Development of Pupils’ Ideas about Seeing and Hearing‐‐the path of light and sound

Abstract The concept of vision, particularly of non‐luminous objects, has been the subject of recent research, but comparatively little has been done in the area of sound and hearing, despite the fact that, though there are clear distinctions, the two have much in common. The present work uses a combined free response questionnaire and interview procedure to probe pupils’ ideas regarding how they believe they see both luminous and non‐luminous objects, and how they think they hear a source of sound. From the large sample of pupils studied, the prevalence of the ideas in different age groups is compared, and progression can be seen. Some suggestions are offered for teaching strategies which might aid this progression.
Modeling Pronunciation Variation in Conversational Speech using Syntax and Discourse

A significant source of variation in spontaneous speech is due to intra-speaker pronunciation changes. Previous work in automatic speech recognition has identified several factors that affect pronunciation variability such as phonetic context and speaking rate. This work examines new higher level information sources: syntax and discourse structure, specifically the relationship between these factors and pronunciation variation as seen in reduction and hyper-articulation. Analyses of hand-labeled data are used to determine features for phoneindependent variables characterizing pronunciation changes, which in turn are used in a decision-tree based dynamic pronunciation model. Pronunciation prediction experiments show a reduction in phone error rate of 10% over a baseline model using only phonetic context.
The Insular Lobe: Physiopathological and Surgical Considerations

OBJECTIVESurgery of the insula represents a technical challenge, because of the proximity of the internal capsule to the lenticulostriate arteries and the lack of certainty concerning its functionality. Using intraoperative direct cerebral stimulation, combined with neuronavigation, the authors operated on 12 insular gliomas. On the basis of this experience, the physiopathological and surgical implications are discussed. METHODSA low-grade insular glioma, revealed by seizures, was diagnosed in 12 right-handed patients with a normal neurological status. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed that, according to Yaşargil’s classification system, three patients harbored Type 3 lesions and nine patients had Type 5 lesions (10 tumors on the right side and 2 on the left dominant side). All patients underwent surgery using direct cerebral stimulation, under general anesthesia in nine patients (motor mapping) and under local anesthesia in three patients (sensorimotor and language mapping). Ultrasonography and/or neuronavigation was used in all cases. Preoperative angio-computed tomographic scanning showed the lenticulostriate arteries in two patients. RESULTSThe internal capsule was systematically detected, and the language areas were identified within the left insula in the awake patients. The lenticulostriate arteries were seen in two patients. Seven patients presented an immediate postoperative deficit; six of them recovered completely within 3 months. Four resections were total, six were subtotal, and two were partial (left insula). CONCLUSIONThe use of intraoperative direct cerebral stimulation and neuronavigation allows surgery of the insula with minimization of the risk of sequelae, but its use is still limited with regard to the dominant hemisphere, owing to the essential role of this structure in language.