Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bridging Video Content and Comments: Synchronized Video Description with Temporal Summarization of Crowdsourced Time-Sync Comments

With the rapid growth of online sharing media, we are facing a huge collection of videos. In the meantime, due to the volume and complexity of video data, it can be tedious and time consuming to index or annotate videos. In this paper, we propose to generate temporal descriptions of videos by exploiting the information of crowdsourced time-sync comments which are receiving increasing popularity on many video sharing websites. In this framework, representative and interesting comments of a video are selected and highlighted along the timeline, which provide an informative description of the video in a time-sync manner. The challenge of the proposed application comes from the extremely informal and noisy nature of the comments, which are usually short sentences and on very different topics. To resolve these issues, we propose a novel temporal summarization model based on the data reconstruction principle, where representative comments are selected in order to best reconstruct the original corpus at the text level as well as the topic level while incorporating the temporal correlations of the comments. Experimental results on real-world data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework and justify the idea of exploiting crowdsourced time-sync comments as a bridge to describe videos.
Dopamine Receptor Subtypes Differentially Regulate Autophagy

Some dopamine receptor subtypes were reported to participate in autophagy regulation, but their exact functions and mechanisms are still unclear. Here we found that dopamine receptors D2 and D3 (D2-like family) are positive regulators of autophagy, while dopamine receptors D1 and D5 (D1-like family) are negative regulators. Furthermore, dopamine and ammonia, the two reported endogenous ligands of dopamine receptors, both can induce dopamine receptor internalization and degradation. In addition, we found that AKT (protein kinase B)-mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathways are involved in DRD3 (dopamine receptor D3) regulated autophagy. Moreover, autophagy machinery perturbation inhibited DRD3 degradation and increased DRD3 oligomer. Therefore, our study investigated the functions and mechanisms of dopamine receptors in autophagy regulation, which not only provides insights into better understanding of some dopamine receptor-related neurodegeneration diseases, but also sheds light on their potential treatment in combination with autophagy or mTOR pathway modulations.
Emerging and Established Models of Bone Metastasis

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death and drives patient morbidity as well as healthcare costs. Bone is the primary site of metastasis for several cancers—breast and prostate cancers in particular. Efforts to treat bone metastases have been stymied by a lack of models to study the progression, cellular players, and signaling pathways driving bone metastasis. In this review, we examine newly described and classic models of bone metastasis. Through the use of current in vivo, microfluidic, and in silico computational bone metastasis models we may eventually understand how cells escape the primary tumor and how these circulating tumor cells then home to and colonize the bone marrow. Further, future models may uncover how cells enter and then escape dormancy to develop into overt metastases. Recreating the metastatic process will lead to the discovery of therapeutic targets for disrupting and treating bone metastasis.
Schizophyllum commune: An unexploited source for lignocellulose degrading enzymes

Lignocellulose represents the most abundant source of carbon in the Earth. Thus, fraction technology of the biomass turns up as an emerging technology for the development of biorefineries. Saccharification and fermentation processes require the formulation of enzymatic cocktails or the development of microorganisms (naturally or genetically modified) with the appropriate toolbox to produce a cost‐effective fermentation technology. Therefore, the search for microorganisms capable of developing effective cellulose hydrolysis represents one of the main challenges in this era. Schizophyllum commune is an edible agarical with a great capability to secrete a myriad of hydrolytic enzymes such as xylanases and endoglucanases that are expressed in a high range of substrates. In addition, a large number of protein‐coding genes for glycoside hydrolases, oxidoreductases like laccases (Lacs; EC 1.10.3.2), as well as some sequences encoding for lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and expansins‐like proteins demonstrate the potential of this fungus to be applied in different biotechnological process. In this review, we focus on the enzymatic toolbox of S. commune at the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level, as well as the requirements to be employed for fermentable sugars production in biorefineries. At the end the trend of its use in patent registration is also reviewed.
Building Place-Specific Sentiment Lexicon

With the development of various smart applications, reviewing and grading places using location-based services has become a routine task among users. The user evaluations can significantly affect not only potential visitors, but also service providers. However, too much data interrupts people's reasonable decision. In this paper, we propose a method to construct a place-specific sentiment lexicon by analyzing place reviews written by users. To this end, word2vec and association rule mining were used to extract place features and corresponding sentiment words, and sentiment word combinations were generated. Then, the probability values for each place sentiment word combination were calculated through bag-of-words logistic regression. As a result, the place sentiment lexicon for 347 sentiment word combinations were constructed. We analyzed the reviews of Italian restaurant among various place categories, and place sentiment lexicons of other kinds of places can also be constructed according to the method proposed in this study. The place-specific sentiment lexicon allows the context to be reflected in the sentiment analysis of places.
Analysis of genotype effects for the immunosuppression via two-step method

This paper studies the main effects and interactive effects between genes on immunosuppression susceptibility caused by ultraviolet radiation in population of mice. We present a two-step strategy, i.e., we first establish one full linear model based on all main effects and interactive effects, and use the Dantzig selector method to screen the genotype effects preliminary; then via the idea of stepwise regression, under the other model we further detect the significant main effects and interactive effects for the UV-induced immunosuppression susceptibility. The most significant main effect site that we identified is D10Mit170, and the most significant interactive sites are D6Mit389 and D16Mit131.
Face Recognition Techniques for Authentication in Smart Devices - Comparative Study

With rapid development of technology there has been a surge in hand-held devices. These devices are looked upon as an alternative to the traditional devices like personal computer and laptop. As the storage and the processing capabilities of these devices are increasing they are been termed as smart devices. The amount of personal data stored in these devices has increased many folds. In order to ensure that the critical data that is stored in these devices is secured, it is essential to put in place authentication processes. Authentication can be done at multiple levels, ranging from a password to face recognition. Algorithms like Eigenfaces, Fisherfaces are being used as a part of authentication applications. This paper tries to provide a comparative study on most commonly used face recognition algorithms. General Terms Face Recognition, Smart Devices, Eigenfaces Algorithm, Fisherfaces Algorithm.
Non-radial motion and the nfw profile

The self-similar infall model (SSIM) is normally discussed in the context of radial orbits in spherical symmetry. However it is possible to retain the spherical symmetry while permitting the particles to move in Keplerian ellipses, each having the squared angular momentum peculiar to their "shell". The spherical "shell", defined for example by the particles turning at a given radius, then moves according to the radial equation of motion of a "shell" particle. The "shell" itself has no physical existence except as an ensemble of particles, but it is convenient to sometimes refer to the shells since it is they that are followed by a shell code. In this note we find the distribution of squared angular momentum as a function of radius that yields the NFW density profile for the final dark matter halo. It transpires that this distribution is amply motivated dimensionally. An effective "lambda" spin parameter is roughly constant over the shells. We also study the effects of angular momentum on the relaxation of a dark matter system using a three dimensional representation of the relaxed phase space.
Effects of Temperature on the Flight Activity of Graphocephala atropunctata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Abstract Graphocephala atropunctata (Signoret) is the principal vector of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells, Raju, Hung, Weisberg, Mandelco-Paul and Brenner), the bacterium that causes Pierce’s disease of grapevine in coastal California. Monitoring the activity of G. atropunctata in the early spring is important for timing insecticide sprays and assessing the potential for disease spread to adjacent vineyards. Trapping studies with yellow sticky traps over 3 yr in Napa Valley, CA, established a significant correlation between early spring trap catch and temperature. Sticky trap catches of G. atropunctata occurred in the springs of 1996–1998 only when temperature was greater than or equal to 14.5°C. In 1997 and 1998, the degree-hours (>14.5°C) per day from sunrise to sunset during March and April, but not in May, correlated significantly with trap catches. The temperature threshold of 14.5°C in the early spring can be used to improve the timing of insecticidal applications aimed at reducing G. atropunctata populations in vineyards affected by Pierce’s disease.
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a powerful technique to measure concentrations, mobilities, and interactions of fluorescent biomolecules. It can be applied to various biological systems such as simple homogeneous solutions, cells, artificial, or cellular membranes and whole organisms. Here, we introduce the basic principle of FCS, discuss its application to biological questions as well as its limitations and challenges, present an overview of novel technical developments to overcome those challenges, and conclude with speculations about the future applications of fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy.
Interactions of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with IL-12 and IL-4 on cytokine expression of human T lymphocytes.

BACKGROUND 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25[OH](2)D(3)) exerts its effects on the immune system, particularly through suppression of T helper/cytotoxic cell 1 (T(H)/T(C)1)-mediated reactions, although direct actions of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on human T lymphocytes have not yet been studied in detail. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on basal and cytokine-driven T-cell functions at the single-cell level. METHODS We used 4-color flow cytometry for simultaneous detection of intracellular cytokines in CD4(+) and CD8(+) human PBMCs that had been cultured in the presence of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) singly or in combination with either IL-12 or IL-4. According to the exploratory nature of these investigations, the Bonferroni correction was not applied for data analysis and presentation. RESULTS 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) had little effect on T(H)/T(C)1 cytokines but significantly inhibited IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production. Constitutive synthesis of T(H)/T(C)2-related cytokines was also only modestly affected by 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) alone. When T(H)/T(C)2 differentiation was induced by IL-4, 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) significantly expanded the percentages of IL-4(+) and IL-13(+) cells. However, the predominant effect of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on T lymphocytes, particularly in the presence of IL-4, was the induction of separate CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations with almost exclusive expression of IL-6. This might be an important facet of the immunomodulatory action of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) because IL-6 might act in parallel with 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in modulation of T(H)/T(C) effector cell functions. CONCLUSIONS Our data imply that the specific actions of 1 alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) on cytokine-stimulated T-cell functions could play a role in the prevention of T(H)/T(C)1-related autoimmune diseases but also predispose toward T(H)/T(C)2-mediated allergic reactions.
Comparison of the effects of silver phosphate and selenium nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus growth reveals potential for selenium particles to prevent infection.

Interactions of silver phosphate nanoparticles (SPNPs) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with Staphylococcus aureus cultures have been studied at the cellular, molecular and protein level. Significant antibacterial effects of both SPNPs and SeNPs on S. aureus were observed. At a concentration of 300 μM, SPNPs caused 37.5% inhibition of bacterial growth and SeNPs totally inhibited bacterial growth. As these effects might have been performed due to the interactions of nanoparticles with DNA and proteins, the interaction of SPNPs or SeNPs with the amplified zntR gene was studied. The presence of nanoparticles decreased the melting temperatures of the nanoparticle complexes with the zntR gene by 23% for SeNPs and by 12% for SPNPs in comparison with the control value. The concentration of bacterial metallothionein was 87% lower in bacteria after application of SPNPs (6.3 μg mg(-1) protein) but was increased by 29% after addition of SeNPs (63 μg mg(-1) protein) compared with the S. aureus control (49 μg mg(-1) protein). Significant antimicrobial effects of the nanoparticles on bacterial growth and DNA integrity provide a promising approach to reducing the risk of bacterial infections that cannot be controlled by the usual antibiotic treatments.
Coordinated sequential action of EGFR and Notch signaling pathways regulates proneural wave progression in the Drosophila optic lobe

During neurogenesis in the medulla of the Drosophila optic lobe, neuroepithelial cells are programmed to differentiate into neuroblasts at the medial edge of the developing optic lobe. The wave of differentiation progresses synchronously in a row of cells from medial to the lateral regions of the optic lobe, sweeping across the entire neuroepithelial sheet; it is preceded by the transient expression of the proneural gene lethal of scute [l(1)sc] and is thus called the proneural wave. We found that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway promotes proneural wave progression. EGFR signaling is activated in neuroepithelial cells and induces l(1)sc expression. EGFR activation is regulated by transient expression of Rhomboid (Rho), which is required for the maturation of the EGF ligand Spitz. Rho expression is also regulated by the EGFR signal. The transient and spatially restricted expression of Rho generates sequential activation of EGFR signaling and assures the directional progression of the differentiation wave. This study also provides new insights into the role of Notch signaling. Expression of the Notch ligand Delta is induced by EGFR, and Notch signaling prolongs the proneural state. Notch signaling activity is downregulated by its own feedback mechanism that permits cells at proneural states to subsequently develop into neuroblasts. Thus, coordinated sequential action of the EGFR and Notch signaling pathways causes the proneural wave to progress and induce neuroblast formation in a precisely ordered manner.
Altered cholesterologenic and lipogenic transcriptional profile in livers of aging Snell dwarf (Pit1dw/dwJ) mice

Several murine models demonstrate that mammalian longevity can be increased by single gene mutations affecting endocrine signalling, particularly via the GH/IGF‐1 axis. In this study, we identify age‐independent patterns of hepatic gene expression characteristic of long‐lived Snell (Pit1dw/dwJ) dwarf mice. Comparative microarray analysis of young and aged male livers was performed to discover specific genes differentially expressed between Pit1dw/dwJ and control mice. Further examination by real‐time RT‐PCR confirmed that transcripts encoding HMG‐CoA synthase‐1, HMG‐CoA reductase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, mevalonate decarboxylase, squalene epoxidase, lanosterol demethylase, malic enzyme and apolipoprotein A‐IV were significantly decreased in both male and female Pit1dw/dwJ livers at 3–5 and 24–28 months of age. In contrast, transcripts encoding the β3‐adrenergic receptor, lipoprotein lipase, PPARγ and a very low‐density lipoprotein receptor homologue were increased significantly in dwarf livers relative to age‐matched controls. These studies reveal enduring transcriptional changes characteristic of Pit1dw/dwJ dwarf mice that involve genes regulating cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and lipoprotein homeostasis. Linked to global energy metabolism, this stable shift in hepatic gene expression may contribute to longevity determination by influencing particular metabolic functions often compartmentalized within the mitochondrion and peroxisome; further this metabolic shift may also parallel many transcriptional changes induced by caloric restriction.
Immunohistochemistry distinguishes between Pick's disease and corticobasal degeneration

The clinical syndrome of frontotemporal dementia is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders: Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration, motor neuron disease-associated dementia (MND-dementia), frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and frontal lobe degeneration (FLD). These disorders, although they do not match the frequency of Alzheimer's disease, are far from uncommon, and present clinicians and neuropathologists with formidable, if not insurmountable diagnostic difficulties. However, recent advances in cellular and molecular pathology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics have been instrumental in their nosological definition. The discovery of a mutation in the tau protein gene on chromosome 17 in 1998 has established that several phenotypically heterogeneous familial dementias with a confusing variety of names all belong to FTDP-17.1 2 Most but not all frontotemporal dementias are characterised by intracellular inclusions formed by abnormal cytoskeletal components, both in neurons and in …
Early Acquisition of Pneumocystis carinii in Neonatal Rats as Evidenced by PCR and Oral Swabs

ABSTRACT The complete life cycle of Pneumocystis carinii has not been defined, but accumulating evidence suggests that the mammalian host may acquire this organism early in life. In the present study, the initial time of P. carinii acquisition was determined in rats by amplification of P. carinii DNA in oral swabs from seven sets of pups and dams and from fetal tissue obtained by cesarean section of three gravid female rats. DNA extracted from all samples was amplified by using PCR primers directed to the P. carinii mitochondrial large subunit rRNA. Amplicons were produced from 80% (28 of 35) of pups within 2 h after birth; from 97% (34 of 35) after 24 h, and in all of the serially sampled pups by 48 h. No P. carinii amplicons were produced from 48 fetuses or their placentae taken by cesarean section. Thus, P. carinii is acquired almost immediately after birth, and placental transmission occurs rarely, if ever, in rats.
14-bit 2.2-MS/s sigma-delta ADC's

This paper presents the design and test results of a fourth-order and sixth-order 14-bit 2.2-MS/s sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The analog modulator and digital decimator sections were implemented in a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS double-poly triple-level metal 3.3-V process. The design objective for these ADC's was to achieve 85 dB signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR) with less than 200 mW power dissipation. Both modulators employ a cascade sigma-delta topology. The fourth-order modulator consists of two cascaded second-order stages which include 1-bit and 5-bit quantizers, respectively. The sixth-order modulator has a 2-2-2 cascade structure and 1-bit quantizer at the end of each stage. An oversampling ratio of 24 was selected to give the best SNDR and power consumption with realizable gain-matching requirements between the analog and digital sections.
Statistical inference: Why wheels spin

NHSTP is embedded in the research of “cognitive science. ” Its use is based on unstated assumptions about the practices of sampling, “operationalizing,” and using group data. NHSTP has facilitated both research and theorizing – research findings of limited interest – diverse theories that seldom complement one another. Alternative methods are available for data acquisition and analysis, and for assessing the “truth- value” of generalizations.
The NIDA Methamphetamine Clinical Trials Group: a strategy to increase clinical trials research capacity.

AIMS In order to increase the number of investigative teams and sites conducting research on pharmacological treatments for methamphetamine use disorders, the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) established an infrastructure of clinical sites in areas where methamphetamine addiction is prevalent. This multi-site infrastructure would serve to run multiple Phases II and III protocols effectively and expeditiously. METHODS NIDA collaborated with investigators from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) to set up the Methamphetamine Clinical Trials Group (MCTG). This paper describes the development process, as well as data from a test trial to assess the capability of research-naive sites to recruit research participants and conduct study procedures according to research protocol. Subsequent trials are also described. RESULTS A total of 151 candidates signed consent; 65 individuals were enrolled and 35 (53.8%) completed the 12 weeks' behavioral trial. Self-reported substance use report (SUR) showed comparable use of methamphetamine across sites with the individual site means ranging from 59% (site 5) to 80% (site 3). Drug use as measured by urinalysis was greatly reduced at week 13 compared to the baseline measure; the average rate of methamphetamine-free urine samples across all participants in sites at week 13 was 53%. The highest percentage of methamphetamine-free samples was 85% at site 5; the lowest was at site 1 (40%). Addiction severity index (ASI) composite scores at baseline and protocol completion for all participants demonstrated improvement in all categories over time, except for the medical composite score. The largest composite score reduction in baseline-protocol completion was in the drug domain (0.23 versus 0.15). The changes in the ASI scores from baseline to week 13 were consistent across all five sites. CONCLUSIONS Outcomes of the behavioral trial indicated that the MCTG recruited well; collected study data accurately and reliably; and created a vehicle that can assess promising pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine addiction treatment medications. The MCTG strategy appears to be a feasible approach to increase NIDA's capacity to conduct clinical trials to evaluate potential pharmacotherapies for methamphetamine addiction.