Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Assembly of Bacteria in Microwell Arrays Reveals the Importance of Confinement in Community Development

The structure and function of microbial communities is deeply influenced by the physical and chemical architecture of the local microenvironment and the abundance of its community members. The complexity of this natural parameter space has made characterization of the key drivers of community development difficult. In order to facilitate these characterizations, we have developed a microwell platform designed to screen microbial growth and interactions across a wide variety of physical and initial conditions. Assembly of microbial communities into microwells was achieved using a novel biofabrication method that exploits well feature sizes for control of innoculum levels. Wells with incrementally smaller size features created populations with increasingly larger variations in inoculum levels. This allowed for reproducible growth measurement in large (20 μm diameter) wells, and screening for favorable growth conditions in small (5, 10 μm diameter) wells. We demonstrate the utility of this approach for screening and discovery using 5 μm wells to assemble P. aeruginosa colonies across a broad distribution of innoculum levels, and identify those conditions that promote the highest probability of survivial and growth under spatial confinement. Multi-member community assembly was also characterized to demonstrate the broad potential of this platform for studying the role of member abundance on microbial competition, mutualism and community succession.
Predicting Edit Locations on Wikipedia using Revision History

There has been increasing interest in the machine learning community in automatic task design. In a collaborative problem-solving setting, how can we best break up and assign tasks so as to optimize output? Huang et al., for example, considered the problem of effectively assigning image-labeling tasks to Amazon Mechanical Turkers [1]. In the realm of Wikipedia prediction, Cosley et al. created a successful system for recommending articles a user might be interested in editing [2]. Nicknamed SuggestBot, the system makes use of co-editing patterns and articles the user has previously edited to predict new articles of interest. This system represents a success in automatic task design: deploying SuggestBot increased a user’s edit rate an average of fourfold.
Abnormal vestibuloocular reflex cancellation in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy but not in Parkinson's disease

We have measured the gain of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in darkness and its cancellation by fixation in 37 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), 26 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 11 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 19 normal volunteers. The capacity to cancel the VOR by fixation (VOR cancellation) was significantly reduced in the MSA and PSP patients compared with the PD and normal subjects (p < 10−4). A VOR cancellation < 90% (i.e., the mean VOR cancellation of the normals ‐ 2 SD) was present in four PD patients, 23 MSA patients, and 11 PSP patients. This criteria distinguished PD and MSA with a 89% sensitivity and a 89% specificity. Our results demonstrate that the VOR cancellation is impaired in most patients with MSA and PSP but not with PD. In MSA patients, the abnormal VOR cancellation is probably not related to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit and more likely reflects a cerebellar dysfunction. Impaired VOR cancellation is a clinical criteria to differentiate MSA and PSP from PD.
Role of invariant water molecules and water-mediated ionic interactions in D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus

The enzyme, D-xylose isomerase (D-xylose keto-isomerase; EC 5.3.1.5) is a soluble enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of the aldo-sugar D-xylose to the keto-sugar D-xylulose. A total of 27 subunits of D-xylose isomerase from Streptomyces rubiginosus were analyzed in order to identify the invariant water molecules and their water-mediated ionic interactions. A total of 70 water molecules were found to be invariant. The structural and/or functional roles of these water molecules have been discussed. These invariant water molecules and their ionic interactions may be involved in maintaining the structural stability of the enzyme D-xylose isomerase. Fifty-eight of the 70 invariant water molecules (83%) have at least one interaction with the main chain polar atom.
Low back pain‐related beliefs and likely practice behaviours among final‐year cross‐discipline health students

Evidence points to clinicians' beliefs and practice behaviours related to low back pain (LBP), which are discordant with contemporary evidence. While interventions to align beliefs and behaviours with evidence among clinicians have demonstrated effectiveness, a more sustainable and cost‐effective approach to positively developing workforce capacity in this area may be to target the emerging workforce. The aim of this study was to investigate beliefs and clinical recommendations for LBP, and their alignment to evidence, in Australian university allied health and medical students.
Apraxia : The Neuropsychology of Action

L.J.G. Rothi, K.M. Heilman, Introduction to Limb Apraxia. K.M. Heilman, L.J.G. Rothi, Limb Apraxia: A Look Back. K.M. Heilman, Handedness. L.J.G. Rothi, C. Ochipa, K.M. Heilman, A Cognitive Neuropsychological Model of Limb Praxis and Apraxia. A.M. Rayer, C. Ochipa, Conceptual Praxis. L.J.G. Rothi, A.M. Raymer, K.M. Heilman, Limb Praxis Assessment. L.M. Maher, C. Ochipa, Management and Treatment of Limb Apraxia. H. Poizner, A.S. Merians, M.A. Clark, L.J.G. Rothi, K.M. Heilman, Kinematic Approaches to the Study of Apraxic Disorders. D.L. Harrington, K.Y. Haaland, Representations of Actions in Ideomotor Limb Apraxia: Clues from Motor Programming and Control. S.Z. Rapscak, Disorders of Writing. P.A. Square, E.A. Roy, R.E. Martin, Apraxia of Speech: Another Form of Praxis Disruption. B. Crosson, Subcortical Limb Apraxia. M.K. Morris, Developmental Apraxia. M.F. Schwartz, L.J. Buxbaum, Naturalistic Action.
Difficulties in integrating multiview development systems

Drawbacks of current approaches to integrating multiple perspectives in a development environment are discussed. An integrated environment is defined as one in which a dynamic collection of tools can work together on a single system so that changes made to the system by one tool can be seen by other tools, and integration criteria are set forth. Five representative approaches to systems integration-shared file systems, selective broadcasting, simple databases, view-oriented databases, and canonical representation-are examined, and their relative strengths and weaknesses are summarized. None of the integration mechanisms is shown to be uniformly superior to the others. The issue of environment evolution and its effect on integration is addressed. <<ETX>>
Use of Electronic Monitoring in Clinical Nursing Research

In the past decade, the introduction of electronic monitoring systems for monitoring medication adherence has contributed to the dialog about what works and what does not work in monitoring adherence. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) in a study of patients receiving isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection. Three case examples from the study illustrate the data that are obtained from the electronic device compared to self-reports and point to the disparities that may occur in electronic monitoring. The strengths and limitations of using the MEMS and ethical issues in utilizing this technology are discussed. Nurses need to be aware of these challenges when using electronic measuring devices to monitor medication adherence in clinical nursing practice and research.
İlköğretim Öğrencilerinin Bilgisayar Oyunu Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi

Computer games have become one of the most important entertainment tools for children. Games have both positive and negative effects on children. Especially when it leads to addiction, their negative effects increase. In this study, relationship between computer game addiction level of primary school students and different variables is examined. Results showed that computer games addiction levels were found to be higher for boys than girls and higher for 4th grade students than 3rd and 5th grade students. There was no significant deference among game addiction levels in term of computer ownership.
Efficient Machine Learning Methods for Document Image Analysis

Title of dissertation: EFFICIENT MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR DOCUMENT IMAGE ANALYSIS Jayant Kumar, Doctor of Philosophy, 2013 Dissertation directed by: Professor Larry Davis Department of Computer Science Dr. David Doermann University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies With the exponential growth in volume of multimedia content on the internet, there has been an increasing interest for developing more efficient and scalable algorithms to learn directly from data without excessive restrictions on nature of the content. In the context of document images, many large scale digitization projects have called for reliable and scalable triage methods for enhancement, segmentation, grouping and categorization of captured images. Current approaches, however, are typically limited to a specific class of documents such as scanned books, newspapers, journal articles or forms for example, and analysis and processing of more unconstrained and noisy heterogeneous document collections has not been as widely addressed. Additionally, existing machine-learning based approaches for document processing need to be carefully applied to handle the challenges associated with large and imbalanced training data. In this thesis, we address these challenges in three primary applications of document image analysis low-level document enhancement, mid-level handwritten line segmentation, and high-level classification and retrieval. We first present a data selection method for training Support Vector Machines (SVM) on large-scale data sets. We apply the proposed approach to pixel-level document image enhancement, and show promising results with a relatively small number of training samples. Second, we present a graph-based method for segmentation of handwritten document images into text-lines which is more efficient and adaptive than previous approaches. Our approach demonstrates that combining results from local and global methods enhances the final performance of text-line segmentation. Third, we present an approach to compute structural similarities between images for classification and retrieval. Results on real-world data sets show that the approach is more effective than earlier approaches when the labeled data is limited. We extend our classification approach to a completely unsupervised setting, where both the number of classes and representative samples from each class is assumed to be unknown. We present a method for computing similarities based on learned structural patterns and correlations from the given data. Experiments with four different data sets show that our approach can estimate number of classes in large document collections and group structurally similar images with a high-accuracy. EFFICIENT MACHINE METHODS FOR DOCUMENT IMAGE ANALYSIS
Polynomial Time and Space Shift-Reduce Parsing of Arbitrary Context-free Grammars.

We introduce an algorithm for designing a predictive left to right shift-reduce non-determinisic push-down machine corresponding to an arbitrary unrestricted context-free grammar and an algorithm for efficiently driving this machine in pseudo-parallel. The performance of the resulting parser is formally proven to be superior to Earley's parser (1970). The technique employed consists in constructing before run-time a parsing table that encodes a non-deterministic machine in the which the predictive behavior has been compiled out. At run time, the machine is driven in pseudo-parallel with the help of a chart.The recognizer behaves in the worst case in O(|G|2n3)-time and O(|G|n2)-space. However in practice it is always superior to Earley's parser since the prediction steps have been compiled before run-time.Finally, we explain how other more efficient variants of the basic parser can be obtained by determinizing portions of the basic non-deterministic push-down machine while still using the same pseudo-parallel driver.
Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): Design and Methodology of the CREST Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Purpose: The Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST) aim to investigate the potential impact of macular pigment (MP) enrichment, following supplementation with a formulation containing 10 mg lutein (L), 2 mg zeaxanthin (Z) and 10 mg meso-zeaxanthin (MZ), on visual function in normal subjects (Trial 1) and in subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD; Trial 2). Methods: CREST is a single center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Trial 1 (12-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ and 2 mg Z (n = 60) or placebo (n = 60). Trial 2 (24-month follow-up) subjects are randomly assigned to a formulation containing 10 mg L, 10 mg MZ, 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention A; n = 75) or 10 mg L and 2 mg Z plus 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 25 mg zinc and 2 mg copper (Intervention B; n = 75). Contrast sensitivity (CS) at 6 cycles per degree represents the primary outcome measure in each trial. Secondary outcomes include: CS at other spatial frequencies, MP, best-corrected visual acuity, glare disability, photostress recovery, light scatter, cognitive function, foveal architecture, serum carotenoid concentrations, and subjective visual function. For Trial 2, AMD morphology, reading speed and reading acuity are also being recorded. Conclusions: CREST is the first study to investigate the impact of supplementation with all three macular carotenoids in the context of a large, double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
The Long-Term Impact of Physical and Emotional Trauma: The Station Nightclub Fire

Background Survivors of physical and emotional trauma experience enduring occupational, psychological and quality of life impairments. Examining survivors from a large fire provides a unique opportunity to distinguish the impact of physical and emotional trauma on long-term outcomes. The objective is to detail the multi-dimensional long-term effects of a large fire on its survivor population and assess differences in outcomes between survivors with and without physical injury. Methods and Findings This is a survey-based cross-sectional study of survivors of The Station fire on February 20, 2003. The relationships between functional outcomes and physical injury were evaluated with multivariate regression models adjusted for pre-injury characteristics and post-injury outcomes. Outcome measures include quality of life (Burn Specific Health Scale–Brief), employment (time off work), post-traumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale–Revised) and depression symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). 104 fire survivors completed the survey; 47% experienced a burn injury. There was a 42% to 72% response rate range. Although depression and quality of life were associated with burn injury in univariate analyses (p<0.05), adjusted analyses showed no significant relationship between burn injury and these outcomes (p = 0.91; p = .51). Post-traumatic stress symptoms were not associated with burn injury in the univariate (p = 0.13) or adjusted analyses (p = 0.79). Time off work was the only outcome in which physical injury remained significant in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.03). Conclusions Survivors of this large fire experienced significant life disruption, including occupational, psychological and quality of life sequelae. The findings suggest that quality of life, depression and post-traumatic stress outcomes are related to emotional trauma, not physical injury. However, physical injury is correlated with employment outcomes. The long-term impact of this traumatic event underscores the importance of longitudinal and mental health care for trauma survivors, with attention to those with and without physical injuries.
Overview of 3GPP LTE-advanced carrier aggregation for 4G wireless communications

To satisfy the ever increasing demand for higher throughput and data rates, wireless communication systems need to operate in wider bandwidths. 3GPP LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation enables operators to maximally and optimally utilize their available spectrum resources for increased data rates and user experience while reducing their incurred OPEX and CAPEX. This article provides a tutorial overview of 3GPP LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation as specified in Rel-10 including deployment scenarios of interest, main design features, PHY/MAC procedures, and potential enhancements for future standard releases.
Daily and developmental modulation of “premotor” activity in the birdsong system

Human speech and birdsong are shaped during a sensorimotor sensitive period in which auditory feedback guides vocal learning. To study brain activity as song learning occurred, we recorded longitudinally from developing zebra finches during the sensorimotor phase. Learned sequences of vocalizations (motifs) were examined along with contemporaneous neural population activity in the song nucleus HVC, which is necessary for the production of learned song (Nottebohm et al. 1976 : J Comp Neurol 165:457–486; Simpson and Vicario 1990 : J Neurosci 10:1541–1556). During singing, HVC activity levels increased as the day progressed and decreased after a night of sleep in juveniles and adults. In contrast, the pattern of HVC activity changed on a daily basis only in juveniles: activity bursts became more pronounced during the day. The HVC of adults was significantly burstier than that of juveniles. HVC bursting was relevant to song behavior because the degree of burstiness inversely correlated with the variance of song features in juveniles. The song of juveniles degrades overnight (Deregnaucourt et al. 2005 : Nature 433:710–716). Consistent with a relationship between HVC activity and song plasticity (Day et al. 2008 : J Neurophys 100:2956–2965), HVC burstiness degraded overnight in young juveniles and the amount of overnight degradation declined with developmental song learning. Nocturnal changes in HVC activity strongly and inversely correlated with the next day's change, suggesting that sleep‐dependent degradation of HVC activity may facilitate or enable subsequent diurnal changes. Collectively, these data show that HVC activity levels exhibit daily cycles in adults and juveniles, whereas HVC burstiness and song stereotypy change daily in juveniles only. In addition, the data indicate that HVC burstiness increases with development and inversely correlates with song variability, which is necessary for trial and error vocal learning. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2009
Digital Media: Transformations in Human Communication

Contents: Paul Messaris/Lee Humphreys: Introduction - Julianne H. Newton: Influences of Digital Imaging on the Concept of Photographic Truth - Paul Messaris: Viewers' Awareness of Digital F/X in Movies - Stephen Prince: The End of Digital Special Effects - Lee Humphreys: Photographs and the Presentation of Self through Online Dating Services - David Perlmutter: Hypericons: Famous News Images in the Internet-Digital-Satellite Age - Lemi Baruh: Music Of My Own? The Transformation from Usage Rights to Usage Privileges in Digital Media - Rodney Whittenberg: Using Computers to Create Music - Timothy D. Taylor: Music + Digital Culture: New Forms of Consumption and Commodification - Jonathan Sterne: What's Digital in Digital Music? - Mark J. Butler: Everybody Needs a 303, Everybody Loves a Filter: electronic Dance Music and the Aesthetics of Obsolescence - Paul Levinson: The Hazards of Always Being in Touch: A Walk on the Dark Side with the Cell Phone - Kwan Min Lee: Phenomenological Understanding of Social Responses to Synthesized Speech - Barbara Warnick: Rhetoric on the Web - Sidney E. Berger: The Future of Publishing in the Digital Age - Alex Brymer Humphreys: The Past, Present, and Future of Immersive and Extractive E-books - James Paul Gee: Learning by Design: Good Video Games as Learning Machines - Mark J. P. Wolf: On the Future of Video Games - Jennifer Stromer-Galley/Rosa Leslie Mikeal: Gaming Pink: Gender and Structure in The Sims Online - C. Shawn Green/Daphne Bavelier: The Cognitive Neuroscience of Video Games - John L. Sherry: Would the Great and Mighty Oz Play Doom? : A Look Behind the Curtain of Violent Video Game Research - Annie Lang: Motivated Cognition: The Influence of Appetitive and Aversive Activation on the Processing of Video Games - Jeremy N. Bailenson: Transformed Social Interaction in Collaborative Virtual Environments - Margaret L. McLaughlin: Simulating the Sense of Touch in Virtual Environments: Applications to Learning in the Health Sciences - Jeffrey Huang: Inhabitable Interfaces - Geri Gay: The Role of Social Navigation and Context in Ubiquitous Computing - Cory D. Kidd: Human-Robot Interaction Recent Experiments and Future Work - Sherry Turkle/Cynthia Breazeal/Olivia Daste/Brian Scassellati: First Encounters with Kismet and Cog: Children Respond to Relational Artifacts.
Automatic Discovery of Term Similarities Using Pattern Mining

Term recognition and clustering are key topics in automatic knowledge acquisition and text mining. In this paper we present a novel approach to the automatic discovery of term similarities, which serves as a basis for both classification and clustering of domain-specific concepts represented by terms. The method is based on automatic extraction of significant patterns in which terms tend to appear. The approach is domain independent: it needs no manual description of domain-specific features and it is based on knowledge-poor processing of specific term features. However, automatically collected patterns are domain specific and identify significant contexts in which terms are used. Beside features that represent contextual patterns, we use lexical and functional similarities between terms to define a combined similarity measure. The approach has been tested and evaluated in the domain of molecular biology, and preliminary results are presented.
Autism Across Cultures: Perspectives From Non‐Western Cultures and Implications for Research

Autism exists worldwide across geographical and cultural boundaries. Even though the situation is changing for the better, far less research on autism has been conducted to date in non-Western cultures compared to Western cultures. Research evidence clearly demonstrates that culture impacts behavior relevant to autism. It is therefore important to understand how culture influences the expression of autism, as well as the effect of culture on how autism is perceived, understood, diagnosed, supported, and treated. This chapter reviews current perspectives on autism from non-Western cultures and suggests that further work in this area will lead to improved understanding of the universality of autism, the causes, the cognitive and behavioral profile, and how best to improve outcomes for those affected. Keywords: attitudes; autism; culture; diagnosis; education; intervention; symptomatology