Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process-Analytic Models of creative Capacities: Operations Influencing the Combination-and-Reorganization Process

Available evidence indicates that the combination and reorganization of extant knowledge structures plays an important role in the generation of new ideas. This study was intended to test a model of the operations held to influence application of the combination-and-reorganization process. Accordingly, 155 undergraduates were asked to solve 12 category combination problems. The instructions given to subjects were manipulated to influence application of three operations held to influence the originality of category combinations: feature identification, feature mapping, and feature elaboration. The relatedness of the categories presented was also manipulated. We found that solution quality was consistently influenced by category interrelatedness and, under conditions restricting the pool of available relations, category elaboration. Feature identification and feature mapping were found to influence solution originality but not solution quality. The implications of these findings for understanding creative p.
The Linux Kernel: A Challenging Workload for Transactional Memory

The Linux operating system kernel [4] is a large, mature, freely available, and well-tuned concurrent program. As such it is an ideal workload for a transactional memory hardware design. Operating systems need transactional memory for performance scalability, to help maintainability, and to provide services related to transactions to user programs. Most general purpose computing platforms run operating systems, and OS services must be scalable or applications will see the OS as a scalability bottleneck. The OS should not interfere with applications making use of the increased number of processing contexts available on modern CPUs. There has been enormous effort over the past decade to make the OS scalable, and the result has been increased code complexity that is starting to threaten continued innovation. For instance, mm/filemap.c has 50 lines of comments detailing lock ordering constraints. Finally, if the OS is to provide transaction-related services (such as supporting user-level transactions across a context switch), it could probably do so most naturally if the OS itself were implemented with transactions. This paper raises issues about how an OS can take advantage of a transactional memory hardware system. While there have been trace-based studies of OSes on transactional hardware [1], and designs for virtualizable transactions [22], these have ignored many inter-
The Use of Natural Genetic Diversity in the Understanding of Metabolic Organization and Regulation

The study of metabolic regulation has traditionally focused on analysis of specific enzymes, emphasizing kinetic properties, and the influence of protein interactions and post-translational modifications. More recently, reverse genetic approaches permit researchers to directly determine the effects of a deficiency or a surplus of a given enzyme on the biochemistry and physiology of a plant. Furthermore, in many model species, gene expression atlases that give important spatial information concerning the quantitative expression level of metabolism-associated genes are being produced. In parallel, “top-down” approaches to understand metabolic regulation have recently been instigated whereby broad genetic diversity is screened for metabolic traits and the genetic basis of this diversity is defined thereafter. In this article we will review recent examples of this latter approach both in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop species tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). In addition to highlighting examples in which this genetic diversity approach has proven promising, we will discuss the challenges associated with this approach and provide a perspective for its future utility.
The C-terminal peptide of the heavy chain of the rabbit immunoglobulin IgG.

Anderson, D. G. & Porter, J. W. (1962). Arch. Biochem. Biophy8. 97, 509. Cornforth, J. W. , Cornforth, R. H. , Donninger, C. & Popjak, G. J. (1965a). Proc. Roy. Soc. (in the Press). Cornforth, J. W. , Cornforth, R. H. , Donninger, C. , Popjak, G. J. & Ryback, G. (1965b). Proc. Roy. Soc. (in the Press). Goodwin, T. W. (1955). In Handbook of Plant Analysis, vol. 3, p. 372. Ed. by Paech, K. & Tracey, M. V. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Goodwin, T. W. (1965). In Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments, p. 143. Ed. by Goodwin, T. W. London: Academic Press (Inc.) Ltd. Goodwin, T. W. & Williams, R. J. H. (1965a). Proc. Roy. Soc. (in the Press). Goodwin, T. W. & Williams, R. J. H. (1965b). Biochem. J. 94, 5c.
Flipping the on switch: Men who became regularly physically active during middle age

One method to increase physical activity (PA) in ageing adults is through the use of intervention research, and a means to inform designs of PA interventions is to examine the practices of those who are successful in adhering to activity. However, authors of recent review articles suggest that males are underrepresented in intervention research studies. Consequently, this study was designed to use the interpretative phenomenological analysis approach to explore the motivators and practices of three older active males who independently initiated regular PA participation during middle age. Participants discussed the role of mentors and other influences, and their awareness of effort or intensity during activity. Data analysis suggested that these men assertively managed their environments and used internal restraints in order to regulate their PA participation, consistent with some elements of Bandura's social cognitive theory. Activity researchers might consider counselling participants in effective use of the indicated strategies.
A Nonverbal Behavior Approach to Identify Emergent Leaders in Small Groups

Identifying emergent leaders in organizations is a key issue in organizational behavioral research, and a new problem in social computing. This paper presents an analysis on how an emergent leader is perceived in newly formed, small groups, and then tackles the task of automatically inferring emergent leaders, using a variety of communicative nonverbal cues extracted from audio and video channels. The inference task uses rule-based and collective classification approaches with the combination of acoustic and visual features extracted from a new small group corpus specifically collected to analyze the emergent leadership phenomenon. Our results show that the emergent leader is perceived by his/her peers as an active and dominant person; that visual information augments acoustic information; and that adding relational information to the nonverbal cues improves the inference of each participant's leadership rankings in the group.
Generalized Multiprocessor Scheduling and Applications to Matrix Computations

The paper considerably extends the multiprocessor scheduling techniques of G.N. S. Prasanna and B.R. Musicus (1995; 1991) and applies it to matrix arithmetic compilation. Using optimal control theory in the special case where the speedup function of each task is p/sup /spl alpha// (where p is the amount of processing power applied to the task), closed form solution for task graphs formed from parallel and series connections was derived by G.N. S. Prasanna and B.R. Musicus (1995; 1991). The paper extends these results for arbitrary DAGS. The optimality conditions impose nonlinear constraints on the flow of processing power from predecessors to successors, and on the finishing times of siblings. The paper presents a fast algorithm for determining and solving these nonlinear equations. The algorithm utilizes the structure of the finishing time equations to efficiently run a conjugate gradient minimization, leading to the optimal solution. The algorithm has been tested on a variety of DAGs commonly encountered in matrix arithmetic. The results show that if the p/sup /spl alpha// speedup assumption holds, the schedules produced are superior to heuristic approaches. The algorithm has been applied to compiling matrix arithmetic (K.P. Belkhale and P. Banerjee, 1993), for the MIT Alewife machine, a distributed shared memory multiprocessor. While matrix arithmetic tasks do not exactly satisfy the p/sup /spl alpha// speedup assumptions, the algorithm can be applied as a good heuristic. The results show that the schedules produced by our algorithm are faster than alternative heuristic techniques.
The “brainy side” of human embryonic stem cells

The recent isolation of human embryonic stem (ES) cells is evoking great hopes for their future utilization in cell‐replacement therapies and human development research. The hallmarks of ES cells, pluripotency and self‐renewal capacity, suggest an infinite source for tissues of virtually all desired types. Specifically, human ES cells may potentially be the basis for effective treatments of a wide range of human neurodegenerative disorders. To enable the translation of this novel biomedical field into the clinic, mechanisms that control the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into fully functional neuronal cells should be analyzed and controlled. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Axiomatic characterizations of (quasi-) L-statistics and S-statistics and the Producer Assessment Problem

Two classes of aggregation functions: L-statistics and S-statistics and their generalizations called quasi-L-statistics and quasi-S-statistics are considered. Some interesting characterizations of these families of operators are given. The aforementioned functions are useful for various applications. In particular, they are very helpful for modeling the socalled Producer Assessment Problem.
Neural model for learning-to-learn of novel task sets in the motor domain

During development, infants learn to differentiate their motor behaviors relative to various contexts by exploring and identifying the correct structures of causes and effects that they can perform; these structures of actions are called task sets or internal models. The ability to detect the structure of new actions, to learn them and to select on the fly the proper one given the current task set is one great leap in infants cognition. This behavior is an important component of the child's ability of learning-to-learn, a mechanism akin to the one of intrinsic motivation that is argued to drive cognitive development. Accordingly, we propose to model a dual system based on (1) the learning of new task sets and on (2) their evaluation relative to their uncertainty and prediction error. The architecture is designed as a two-level-based neural system for context-dependent behavior (the first system) and task exploration and exploitation (the second system). In our model, the task sets are learned separately by reinforcement learning in the first network after their evaluation and selection in the second one. We perform two different experimental setups to show the sensorimotor mapping and switching between tasks, a first one in a neural simulation for modeling cognitive tasks and a second one with an arm-robot for motor task learning and switching. We show that the interplay of several intrinsic mechanisms drive the rapid formation of the neural populations with respect to novel task sets.
Comparing Aging and Fitness Effects on Brain Anatomy

Recent studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) mitigates the brain’s atrophy typically associated with aging, via a variety of beneficial mechanisms. One could argue that if CRF is generally counteracting the negative effects of aging, the same regions that display the greatest age-related volumetric loss should also show the largest beneficial effects of fitness. To test this hypothesis we examined structural MRI data from 54 healthy older adults (ages 55–87), to determine the overlap, across brain regions, of the profiles of age and fitness effects. Results showed that lower fitness and older age are associated with atrophy in several brain regions, replicating past studies. However, when the profiles of age and fitness effects were compared using a number of statistical approaches, the effects were not entirely overlapping. Interestingly, some of the regions that were most influenced by age were among those not influenced by fitness. Presumably, the age-related atrophy occurring in these regions is due to factors that are more impervious to the beneficial effects of fitness. Possible mechanisms supporting regional heterogeneity may include differential involvement in motor function, the presence of adult neurogenesis, and differential sensitivity to cerebrovascular, neurotrophic and metabolic factors.
Grammatical Inference of PCFGs Applied to Language Modelling and Unsupervised Parsing

Recently, different theoretical learning results have been found for a variety of contextfree grammar subclasses through the use of distributional learning [1]. However, these results are still not extended to probabilistic grammars. In this work, we give a practical algorithm, with some proven properties, that learns a subclass of probabilistic grammars from positive data. A minimum satisfiability solver is used to direct the search towards small grammars. Experiments on well-known context-free languages and artificial natural language grammars give positive results. Moreover, our analysis shows that the type of grammars induced by our algorithm are, in theory, capable of modelling context-free features of natural language syntax. One of our experiments shows that our algorithm can potentially outperform the state-of-the-art in unsupervised parsing on the WSJ10 corpus.
267 POSTORAL DRAINAGE EXACERBATES GASTRO-OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX IN PATIENTS WITH LUNG DISEASE; IS POSITIVE EXPIRATORY PRESSURE AN ALTERNATIVE?

Some patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) report symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) during chest physiotherapy (PT) incorporating postural drainage (PD). Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) therapy, in the upright position, may be less likely to induce GOR and potentially improve pulmonary function (PF). Aims: to establish if (1) PD increases GOR; (2) a change to PEP improves PF.Method: 30 patients with CF aged 4 months to 19 years (18 male, 12 female; mean age 9.6 years) were studied. 24 hour pH monitoring was undertaken, including 2 PT sessions incorporating head down tilt in 4 widely used PD positions. PD was subsequently changed to PEP in those with increased symptoms of GOR. PF was studied longitudinally.Results: PD increased GOR in 19 subjects. 6 months following the change from PD to PEP there was a significant increase in mean FVC (54.5±11.2 to 75.1±13.1 percent predicted (%); p<0.001) and FEV1 (43.8±9.6 to 61.5±12.7%; p<0.001). 6 subjects studied over 2 years continued to improve PF. Annual hospital bed days decreased from a mean of 91±5 pre- to 27128 post change from PD to PEP (p<0.005). Conclusions: PD exacerbated GOR in 19 patients with CF, but did not increase GOR in 11 subjects with normal pH studies. All patients with symptoms of GOR during PD reported increased comfort with PEP therapy
Determinants of Executive Beliefs: Comparing Functional Conditioning and Social Influence

Executive beliefs influence strategic decision making in organizations, and thus they ultimately influence organization performance. The factors that might determine upper-echelon executive beliefs, however, have received scant empirical attention; certainly, little is known about their relative influence. In contrast to the oft-asserted influence of functional experiences, our results indicate that beliefs held by upper-echelon executives are better explained with an alternate theoretical model based on social influence. Our pattern of results indicates support for the argument that beliefs are socially reproduced through interaction among executives.
A retrospective population-based study of primigravid women on the potential effect of threatened miscarriage on obstetric outcome

The aim of this study was to ascertain any potential link between threatened miscarriage and obstetric outcome. Threatened miscarriage was associated independently with an increased incidence of abruption (OR 2.8, 2.0 – 3.7), unexplained antepartum haemorrhage (APH) (OR 2.3, 1.1 – 5.1) and preterm delivery (OR 2.0, 1.3 – 3.3). The incidence of low and very low birth weight deliveries, although significantly higher compared with the control population, was not affected independently by this early pregnancy complication on logistic regression (OR 1.3, 0.8 – 1.9). The early neonatal mortality rates were significantly higher in the threatened miscarriage group, which on logistic regression was due independently to preterm delivery, placental abruption and low birth weight deliveries. All forms of APH were significantly higher in term deliveries complicated by threatened miscarriage. Pregnancies presenting with threatened miscarriage should be highlighted as ‘high risk’ for a suboptimal obstetric outcome and a prospective observational trial followed by a randomised-controlled trial may be needed to establish whether the need exists for increased feto-maternal surveillance in this cohort of women.
Readability is in the Mind of the Reader

A student lab experiment was conducted in which eighty-nine subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions. The subjects received either a Code reading or a Commentary reading. The subjects answered fifteen questions about the reading and rated the complexity of the reading onfive dimensions. The subjects assigned to the Code reading had significantlyfewer correct responses and took significantly longer to answer the experimental questions than subjects assigned to the Commentary reading. Also, the Code reading was perceived by the subjects to be significantly more complex than the Commentary reading. These experimental results are in contrast to the Flesch Readability Formula and Gunning Fog Index readability level of the two passages, which showed the two presentation styles (code/legal and commentary/prose) to be of approximate equal difficulty.
A heuristic approach to greener airport ground movement

Ever increasing air traffic, rising costs and tighter environmental targets create a pressure for efficient airport ground movement. Ground movement links other airport operations such as departure sequencing, arrival sequencing and gate/stand allocation and its operation can affect each of these. Previously, reducing taxi time was considered the main objective of the ground movement problem. However, this may conflict with efforts of airlines to minimise their fuel consumption as shorter taxi time may require higher speed and acceleration during taxiing. Therefore, in this paper a multi-objective multi-component optimisation problem is formulated which combines two components: scheduling and routing of aircraft and speed profile optimisation. To solve this problem an integrated solution method is adopted to more accurately investigate the trade-off between the total taxi time and fuel consumption. The new heuristic which is proposed here uses observations about the characteristics of the optimised speed profiles in order to greatly improve the speed of the graph-based routing and scheduling algorithm. Current results, using real airport data, confirm that this approach can find better solutions faster, making it very promising for application within on-line applications.
A High-Efficiency PV Module-Integrated DC/DC Converter for PV Energy Harvest in FREEDM Systems

The future renewable electric energy delivery and management (FREEDM) system provides a dc interface for alternative energy sources. As a result, photovoltaic (PV) energy can be easily delivered through a dc/dc converter to the FREEDM system's dc bus. The module-integrated converter (MIC) topology is a good candidate for a PV converter designed to work with the FREEDM system. This paper compares the parallel connected dc MIC structure with its counterpart, the series connected MIC architecture. From the presented analysis, the parallel connected architecture was shown to have more advantages. In this paper, a high-efficiency dual mode resonant converter topology is proposed for parallel connected dc MICs. This new resonant converter topology can change resonant modes adaptively depending on the panel operation conditions. The converter achieves zero-voltage switching for primary-side switches and zero-current switching for secondary-side diodes for both resonant modes. The circulation energy is minimized particularly for 5-50% of the rated power level. Thus, the converter can maintain a high efficiency for a wide input range at different output power levels. This study explains the operation principle of the proposed converter and presents a dc gain analysis based on the fundamental harmonic analysis method. A 240-W prototype with an embedded maximum power point tracking controller was built to evaluate the performance of the proposed converter. The prototype's maximum efficiency reaches 96.5% and an efficiency increase of more than 10% under light load conditions is shown when compared with a conventional LLC resonant converter.
"ALL-OUT" TETHERED RUNNING AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST

An “all-out” tethered running on the treadmill represents an alternative form of exercise used for the assessment of anaerobic capacity. Contrary to the well known and frequently used “all-out” test on the cycle ergometer (Wingate anaerobic test), there is a lack of information concerning the parameters of anaerobic capacity obtained from tethered running on the treadmill. The aim of our study was therefore to compare the parameters of anaerobic capacity (maximal and mean power, fatigue index, and blood lactate concentration) in 30-second “all-out” tests performed on the isokinetic cycle ergometer and in the form of tethered running on the treadmill, respectively. The subjects underwent in random order in two different days a period of 30second “all-out” cycling on the isokinetic ergometer at a revolution rate of 100 rpm and tethered running on the treadmill at a velocity of 13 km/h. Analyses of the results showed that tethered running and isokinetic cycling did not differ significantly either in maximal or mean power. However, the fatigue index and blood lactate were significantly higher in tethered running than in isokinetic cycling. Taking into account the similar values of maximal and mean power production between the exercise modes examined it may be concluded that the 30-second “all-out” tethered running on the treadmill represents an acceptable alternative for the assessment of anaerobic capacity. However, in comparison with isokinetic cycling slightly higher values of fatigue index and blood lactate have to be expected.
TAURINE UPTAKE BY RAT BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES

Abstract— Uptake of [3,5S]taurine by rat whole brain synaptosomes was studied at varying temperatures, under O2, and N2 atmospheres, during electrical stimulation and in the presence of dinitrophenol or variable taurine concentrations in the incubation medium. The morphology and purity of the synaptosomes was checked by electron microscopy. The respiration of the synaptosomes was linear for at least 90 min. The taurine uptake was energy‐ and temperature‐dependent and significantly enhanced by electrical stimulation. The total uptake of taurine could be divided into three components, non‐saturable influx and saturable high‐affinity (Km= 46 μmol/l) and low‐affinity (Km, = 6.3 mmol/l) transport systems. The efficacy of the high‐affinity transport appears small in view of the postulated neurotrans‐mitter role of taurine.