Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Large-scale dynamos in turbulent convection with shear

Aims. To study the existence of large-scale convective dynamos under the influence of shear and rotation. Methods. Three-dimensional numerical simulations of penetrative compressible convection with uniform horizontal shear are used to study dynamo action and the generation of large-scale magnetic fields. We consider cases where the magnetic Reynolds number is either marginal or moderately supercritical with respect to small-scale dynamo action in the absence of shear and rotation. Our magnetic Reynolds number is based on the wavenumber of the depth of the convectively unstable layer. The effects of magnetic helicity fluxes are studied by comparing results for the magnetic field with open and closed boundaries. Results. Without shear no large-scale dynamos are found even if the ingredients necessary for the α-effect (rotation and stratification) are present in the system. When uniform horizontal shear is added, a large-scale magnetic field develops, provided the boundaries are open. In this case the mean magnetic field contains a significant fraction of the total field. For those runs where the magnetic Reynolds number is between 60 and 250, an additional small-scale dynamo is expected to be excited, but the field distribution is found to be similar to cases with smaller magnetic Reynolds number where the small-scale dynamo is not excited. In the case of closed (perfectly conducting) boundaries, magnetic helicity fluxes are suppressed and no large-scale fields are found. Similarly, poor large-scale field development is seen when vertical shear is used in combination with periodic boundary conditions in the horizontal directions. If, however, open (normal-field) boundary conditions are used in the x-direction, a large-scale field develops. These results support the notion that shear not only helps to generate the field, but it also plays a crucial role in driving magnetic helicity fluxes out of the system along the isocontours of shear, thereby allowing efficient dynamo action.
Benefits of Moral Elevation in Veterans with PTSD and Moral Injury: A Proposed Theoretical Framework and Pilot Study

Abstract Given the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and moral injury in veterans and limitations to current treatments, novel approaches are needed to target both PTSD and moral injury and directly impact psychosocial growth. One potential way to address this need is through moral elevation—a positive emotional state described as feeling uplifted and inspired by others’ virtuous actions. This article proposes a theoretical framework for understanding how elevation could benefit veterans and presents preliminary findings from a pilot study, which provides the first known indication that elevation could be linked with psychological health and social functioning in veterans with significant trauma-related distress.
Local Feature Based Breast Tissue Appearance Modelling for Mammographic Risk Assessment

Many studies have indicated that there is a strong correlation between breast tissue density/patterns and the risk of developing breast cancer. Therefore, modelling breast tissue appearance in mammograms is important for automated mammographic risk assessment. In this paper, we present a method for building models of breast tissue appearance based on local features in mammographic images. Mammographic tissue is modelled based on statistical analysis of local tissue appearance. We investigate five strategies by employing different types of local features, describing aspects of intensity, texture, and geometry. A visual dictionary is generated to summarise local tissue appearance with descriptive “words”. The overall appearance of the breast is represented as an occurrence histogram over the dictionary. The resulting histogram models can be applied to breast density classification. The validity is qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using the full MIAS database based on the BIRADS density classification. We test the performance of each individual strategy and the combination of all strategies. The best classification accuracy is 78% for the four BIRADS categories. This increases to 90% for two-class (low/high) density classification. The obtained results indicate that our method has potential for mammographic risk assessment.
No evidence for a shift in pyruvate kinase PKM1 to PKM2 expression during tumorigenesis

The Warburg effect describes the circumstance that tumor cells preferentially use glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. It has been reported that this metabolic reconfiguration originates from a switch in the expression of alternative splice forms (PKM1 and PKM2) of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase (PK), which is also important for malignant transformation. However, analytical evidence for this assumption was still lacking. Using mass spectrometry, we performed an absolute quantification of PKM1 and PKM2 splice isoforms in 25 human malignant cancers, 6 benign oncocytomas, tissue matched controls, and several cell lines. PKM2 was the prominent isoform in all analyzed cancer samples and cell lines. However, this PKM2 dominance was not a result of a change in isoform expression, since PKM2 was also the predominant PKM isoform in matched control tissues. In unaffected kidney, lung, liver, and thyroid, PKM2 accounted for a minimum of 93% of total PKM, for 80% - 96% of PKM in colon, and 55% - 61% of PKM in bladder. Similar results were obtained for a panel of tumor and non-transformed cell lines, where PKM2 was the predominant form. Thus, our results reveal that an exchange in PKM1 to PKM2 isoform expression during cancer formation is not occurring, nor do these results support conclusions that PKM2 is specific for proliferating, and PKM1 for non-proliferating tissue.
Key contributing factors to learning through debriefings: commercial aviation pilots’ perspectives

ABSTRACT Debriefing is routinely used in pilot training. Limited empirical studies, however, have investigated what aspects of debriefing contribute to learning outcomes across professions. In this investigation, we focus on the learning of pilots flying large commercial aircraft in a multi-crew flight deck. The researchers observed, recorded and analysed over 32 biannual simulator training and assessment sessions. Each pilot pair engaged in two kinds of experiences across these two-day assessments: (a) a four-hour simulator session with a one-hour debriefing and (b) a three-hour simulator session with an extended period of debriefing. This preliminary report explores the quality and outcomes of these learning experiences, particularly the efficacy of the simulator-to-debriefing ratio. Thematic analysis of post-debriefing semi-structured interviews with three pilot pairs and their shared flight examiner suggests that appropriate debriefing duration and processes should be determined through considering personal readiness of pilots and situational factors during the training.
Developmental changes in refractoriness of the neuromagnetic M100 in children

CONSIDERABLE evidence exists for developmental changes in latency and amplitude of the auditory evoked potential termed N100. However, it is widely recognized that the N100 wave comprises multiple, temporally overlapping neural generators, and few data are available addressing either individual generator development or mechanisms behind such change. Using magnetoencelphalographic (MEG) measurements of the magnetic analog of the N100 termed the M100, which derives primarily from supra-temporal auditory generators, it is demonstrated here that changes in the response of that waveform to manipulation of interstimulus interval (ISI) occur between the ages of 6 and 18 years of age.
Extending XML Web Querying to Heterogeneous Geospatial Information

This paper describes a Web-based query system for semantically heterogeneous geospatial data. Our goal is to provide DBMS type query capabilities to a proposed statewide land information system. One of the main problems in querying distributed local data sources is the difference in semantics describing the characteristics (attributes) of spatial objects between various jurisdictions. To address this problem, we developed a mapping technique and tool to resolve semantics at the value level. Semantic resolution is incorporated into an XML Web-based DBMS. Our method works for any heterogeneous set of values, but we use land use codes from multiple classification systems as an example.
The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The Luminosity Functions of Bulges and Disks and Their Implied Stellar Mass Densities

We derive the luminosity functions of elliptical galaxies, galaxy bulges, galaxy pseudobulges, and galaxy disks from our structural catalog of 10,095 galaxies. In addition, we compute their associated luminosity densities and stellar mass densities. We show that spheroidal systems (elliptical galaxies and the bulges of disk galaxies) exhibit a strong color bimodality indicating two distinct types of spheroid that are separated by a core color of (u - r) ~ 2 mag. We argue that the similarity of the red elliptical and the red bulge luminosity functions supports our previous arguments that they share a common origin and surprisingly find that the same follows for the blue ellipticals and blue bulges, the latter of which we refer to as pseudobulges. In terms of the stellar mass budget we find that 58% ± 6% is currently in the form of disks, 39% ± 6% in the form of red spheroids (13% ± 4% ellipticals, 26% ± 4% bulges), and the remainder is in the form of blue spheroidal systems (~1.5% blue ellipticals and ~1.5% pseudobulges). In terms of galaxy formation we argue that our data on galaxy components strongly supports the notion of a two-stage formation process (spheroid first, disk later) but with the additional complexity of secular evolution occurring in quiescent disks, thus giving rise to two distinct bulge types: genuine "classical" bulges and pseudobulges. We therefore advocate that there are three significant structures underpinning galaxy evolution: classical spheroids (old), pseudobulges (young), and disks (intermediate). The luminous nearby galaxy population is a mixture of these three structural types. The nature of the blue elliptical galaxies remains unclear, but one possibility is that these constitute recently collapsed structures supporting the notion of mass-dependent spheroid formation with redshift.
Analysis of the total costs for variants of the Union-Find algorithm

We study the average behavior of variants of the UNION-FIND algorithm to maintain partitions of a finite set under the random spanning tree model. By applying the method of moments we can characterize the limiting distribution of the total costs of the algorithms “Quick Find Weighted” and “Quick Find Biased” extending the analysis of Knuth
An empirical taxonomy of start-up firms growth trajectories

This article provides a method that can accommodate, in a systematic way, the analysis of new firm growth trajectories. Exploiting longitudinal data of 741 promising firms, we used a multiple indicator measure of growth, financial and productivity performance as well as firm demographic profile, as a foundation of a multidimensional construct of firm development process. In addition to graphical approach, cluster analysis based on State Sequences Analysis is developed from a combination of Principal Component Analysis and Markov Chain Model to drive taxonomy of new firm growth trajectories. Findings show that new firm growth trajectories are nor linear neither a random phenomenon. While the strategy of growth of promising firm are very heterogeneous, our approach allows us to develop a typology of growth paths based on four states of which three are stable.
A critical commentary on “A critical commentary on follow-up studies and “desistence” theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children”

The article entitled “A critical commentary on followup studies and “desistence” theories about transgender and gender non-conforming children” by Temple Newhook et al. (2018) is a plea to abandon longitudinal studies on the development of gender variant children as they do not respect children’s autonomy. A few relatively recent studies are criticized and it is concluded that conducting longitudinal psychosexual outcome studies and acknowledging the children’s feelings are contradictory. We agree that the longitudinal studies currently available have their limitations. We do, however, strongly disagree with the authors that studies on gender variant children’s development should be abandoned and that our studies do not take children’s needs and voices seriously or are unethical. Before we address and discuss a number of specific criticisms in their paper, we first have two general, but crucial, remarks. The authors claim in the very beginning of their paper that the 80% desistence rate of gender dysphoria (GD) is a number that is largely drawn on estimates from four follow-up studies: one from Canada (Drummond, Bradley, Peterson-Badali, & Zucker, 2008) and three from the Netherlands (Steensma, Biemond, de Boer, & Cohen-Kettenis, 2011; Steensma, McGuire, Kreukels, Beekman, & Cohen-Kettenis, 2013; Wallien & Cohen-Kettenis, 2008). Unfortunately, the authors do not seem to be entirely aware of the history behind the prevalence numbers. The first comprehensive and inclusive summary of historical follow-up studies on the psychosexual outcome in gender variant children was provided by Zucker and Bradley (1995). Later, these numbers were updated in Steensma et al. (2011) and updated again and further discussed in Ristori and Steensma (2016). Important to mention here is that in the calculation of the overall persistence rate in the literature the two studies by Steensma et al. (2011, 2013) were never used. Including the two Steensma et al. studies in the discussion about persistence rates by the authors (particularly in Table 1 in Temple Newhook et al. 2018) is in our view an odd choice and a methodologically incorrect one. The reason why both studies were not included is obvious: both studies did not aim to report on the prevalence of desistence or persistence of GD. The qualitative study in 2011, conducted among 25 participants, aimed to:
Towards Effective Productivity Measurement in Software Projects

Measuring the productivity in software development projects is a historical complex problem. The main problem resides in quantifying the relevant results produced in a software project. Different organizations and persons have distinguished notion about the concept of what is produced and its associated value. Therefore, the appropriate model for measuring productivity in software organizations needs to be unique to each type of organization. In addition, we encountered, based on a broder investigation about the productivity metrics and measurement studies published in literature, that there seems to be a trend towards the use of what we called Value Size based Metrics for productivity measurement. Based on these findings, we defined a process to support the definition of productivity measurement models in software organizations and which takes into account the difficulties of measuring the productivity and reflects the best practices in measurement programs. The adoption of a productivity measurement model based on value helps the organization to focus its efforts to improve productivity in the direction suitable with the high management vision.
A hybrid iterative localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks

Localization is one of the imperative issues in wireless sensor networks. The classical range-free and range-based localization algorithms have respective pros and cons, which cannot gracefully meet the practical requirements, such as the heterogeneity of network and irregular distribution. Thus, the high-accuracy localization algorithm HILS (hybrid iterative least square) is proposed in this paper, utilizing nodes with and without calibration capability. The "hybrid" characteristic of HILS holds in two aspects: being able to take advantage of both the range-based information and range-free information, e.g. connectivity and shortest path, and to calculate the initial coarse locations using a certain lightweight algorithm (e.g. DV-Hop) to utilize the error-controllable localization algorithm in heterogeneous networks. Simulation results show that compared with classical range-free algorithm, the proposed algorithm can mitigate the local minima problem in the general iterative algorithms. Although its time consumption is related to the parameter of desired accuracy, it can be reduced by exchanging little amount of information between nodes to rank the order to localize, and by using the optional initial estimation with a certain lightweight range-free algorithm. Experimental analysis represents that HILS is a practical, stable and effective localization algorithm.
Use of plant level micro-data for SME innovation policy evaluation in Japan 1

Japan’s SME policy has reached a major turning point. That is, traditional ‘lifting up SMEs as a whole’ type policy has been revised toward pro-competition policy to induce entrepreneurship and innovation in SMEs. In this paper, this policy direction and new innovation promotion schemes initiated by METI are evaluated by using plant-level micro data. Census of Manufacturing base longitudinal micro-data are linked with the list of firms participating in SME innovation policy scheme under the Law on Creative Activities in SMEs and the Law on Supporting Business Innovation in SMEs. Plant level pattern on industrial dynamics suggests both policies for new business start-up and innovation creation in existing firm are important. In addition, positive effects on sale growth by participating in a program of the Creative Activity Laws are observed.
Do You Have a Pop Face? Here is a Pop Song. Using Profile Pictures to Mitigate the Cold-start Problem in Music Recommender Systems

a new user registers to a recommender system service, the system does not know her taste and cannot propose meaningful suggestions (cold-start problem). This preliminary work attempts to mitigate the cold-start problem using the profile picture of the user as a sole information, following the intuition that a correspondence may exist between the pictures that people use to represent themselves and their taste. We proved that, at least in the small music community we used for our experiments, our method can improve the precision of both a classifier and a Top-N music recommender system in a cold-start condition. Categories and Subject Descriptors
Tree decompositions of graphs

A cap for receptacles provided with an inside stopper, wherein the inside of the side-wall of the cap is threaded so as to fit on the threaded side-wall of the opening of the receptacle and the inside stopper is provided with a side-wall whose outside diameter is equal to or slightly greater than the inside diameter of the opening of the receptacle and is provided with a flange on the upper end of said side-wall and having an outside diameter smaller than the inside diameter of the cap. The inside stopper is securely attached to the cap so as to be free from slipping out therefrom.
Interference mitigation in WiFi networks using multi-sector antennas

Sectorized antennas provide an attractive solution to increase wireless network capacity through interference mitigation. Despite their increasing popularity, the real-world performance characteristics of such antennas in dense wireless mesh networks are not well understood. We demonstrate our multi-sector antenna prototypes and their performance through video streaming over an indoor wireless network in the presence of interfering nodes. We use our graphical tool to vary the sender, receiver, and interferer antenna configurations and the resulting performance is directly visible in the video quality displayed at the receiver.
Seeing Stars from Reviews by a Semantic-based Approach with MapReduce Implementation

This study concerns the problem of aspect-level opinion (sentiment) mining from online reviews. The problem consists of two fundamental sub-tasks: aspect extraction (identify specific aspects of the product from reviews), and aspect rating estimation (offer a numerical rating for each aspect). Solving this problem is important and useful for many applications, e.g., providing aspect-level review summaries to consumers for better decision making, and for product manufacturers to collect summarized user feedback. Our objective is to propose a semantic-based approach for aspect level opinion mining from massive amounts of reviews in a scalable fashion. The MapReduce implementation for this approach obtains much runtime reduction compared with the single-process implementation. Experimental results show that the runtime reductions by the MapReduce implementation are almost linear to the number of mappers, e.g., around 7.4 times reduction with 10 mappers on the TripAdvisor dataset and 2.6 times reduction with 4 mappers on the Yelp dataset. The number of mappers and reducers can be configured on demand to handle very large datasets in a scalable fashion. Moreover, the semantic-based approach obtains good performance for aspect rating estimation on the TripAdvisor dataset, with the MAE score of around 1.0 on all aspects, which means that the average deviation between the human rating and the estimated rating is around 1 star. The source code of our implementation for the sentiment-based approach can be downloaded from https://github.com/ppfliu/aspect-opinion.
SINGLE-SNAPSHOT SIGNAL SUBSPACE METHODS FOR ACTIVE TARGET LOCATION : PART I : MULTIPLE SCATTERING CASE

This two-part paper investigates two signal subspace methods for the localization of a number of scatterers (targets) whose dimensions are small relative to the probing wavelength from active antenna array data. They are the timereversal imaging with multiple signal classification (MUSIC) approach, and a new signal subspace method that is based on high-dimensional parameter search (a highdimensional MUSIC). In this, first paper of the two-part sequence, a general theory of time-reversal imaging with MUSIC is developed that is applicable for the localization of arbitrary multiply scattering point targets in the near or far field via generally non-coincident arrays formed by non-collocated transmitters and receivers. The Foldy-Lax multiple scattering model is used to show that the performance of the time-reversal approach for target localization remains unchanged under Born-approximable versus nonBorn-approximable (exact, multiple scattering) conditions. The general theory is illustrated with a numerical example.
A Novel Fitness Improvement Method for Mined Business Process Models

In: S. España, M. Ivanović, M. Savić (eds.): Proceedings of the CAiSE’16 Forum at the 28th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 13-17.6. 2016, published at http://ceur-ws.org Abstract. Business process model discovery (BPMD) is a significant research topic in the business process mining area. The present BPMD techniques encounter great challenges while dealing with real-life event logs that contain complex process behaviors. As a result, non-fitting process models might be obtained. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for locating and handling the process behaviors recorded in event logs which cannot be expressed by the utilised model discovery algorithms.