Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vectorized code implementation of Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Networks to recognize handwritten digit

This paper presents the development of a Machine learning model through implementation of two algorithms namely Logistic Regression and Artificial Neural Networks to recognize handwritten digits from 0 to 9. The Training efficiency of both the algorithms is compared at the end of implementation. Logistic Regression is generally used for binary classification however; multiclass classification has been achieved by using One-vs-All approach. Artificial neural networks are used for feed forward propagation to build the hypothesis function and back propagation is used for calculation of weights. The weights for both the models are minimized using advanced optimization algorithm such as fmiunc and fmincg. The formulas are implemented in vectorized format that is the formulas are solely expressed in matrix form and nowhere for loops are required. Vectorization does involve a lot of formulations to be done on paper beforehand but it ultimately serves the optimization purpose because higher programming languages such as MATLAB are very efficient to implement vectorized codes and this property should be exploited. The database consists of five thousand handwritten digits. The final result shows the program predicting the number on the display. The system is well trained and effective in recognizing the number.
Airway smooth muscle response to vibrations

The main goal of this research was the in vitro investigation of the stiffness response of contracted airway smooth muscles under different external oscillations. Living animal airway smooth muscle tissues were dissected from pig tracheas and stimulated by a chemical stimulus (acetylcholine). These tissues were then systematically excited with different external vibrations. The force change was recorded to reflect the muscle stiffness change under vibration. The static and dynamic stiffness of contracted airway smooth muscles in isometric contraction were determined before, during and after vibrations. A continuum cross-bridge dynamic model (the fading memory model) was modified to accommodate smooth muscle behaviour and dynamically describes the cross-bridge kinetics. A two-dimensional finite element model (FEM) was developed to simulate longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the tissue. An empirical equation, derived from the experiments, is incorporated into the FEM. The results indicate that the stiffness of active smooth muscles can be physically reduced using external vibrations. This reduction is caused by a certain physical position change between actin and myosin. The dynamic stiffness has the tendency of decreasing as the frequency and/or amplitude of external vibration increases. However, the static stiffness decreases with an increase in the frequency and amplitude of excitation until it reaches a critical value of frequency where no variation in stiffness is observed. It is postulated that the tissue elasticity and mass inertia are the main
Event- and Priority-Driven Coordination in Next-Generation Grid

The confluence of power and cyber networks is key to the evolution of smart grid (SG). The explosive growth of data in SG to support pervasive communication demands the exchange of essential information guided by need based events. The scaling of such asynchronous event-driven communication for practical utility in SG needs to evolve with information prioritization. Owing to the size of the power grid, it is often necessary to aggregate such event-driven data to reduce the multitasking overhead of higher-level controllers. As such, prioritization of the processing of these event-driven pieces of information is essential. In this paper, using the context of a neighborhood-area network, where communication is enabled between consumer loads and supervisor energy-management system (EMS) controller to achieve balance between demand and supply, a priority-based event-driven communication mechanism is outlined. For that purpose, load-demands are grouped into different classes based on their priorities. The demand processing policy based on dynamic-priorities is analyzed using delay and fairness performance parameters. An optimization problem is also formulated to achieve performance tradeoff between delays experienced by different classes of load-demands and the EMS processing cost. The performance evaluation results show the effectiveness of the proposed priority-based solution.
Rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium chabaudi and P. vinckei do not increase their rates of gametocytogenesis in response to mosquito probing

Several vector-borne infectious agents facultatively alter their life history strategies in response to local vector densities. Some evidence suggests that malaria parasites invest more heavily in transmission stage production (gametocytogenesis) when vectors are present. Such a strategy could rapidly increase malaria transmission rates, particularly when adult mosquitoes begin to appear after dry seasons. However, in contrast to a recent experiment with a rodent malaria (Plasmodium chabaudi), we found no change in gametocytogenesis in either P. chabaudi or in another rodent malaria, P. vinckei, when their mouse hosts were exposed to mosquitoes. Positive results in the earlier study may have been because mosquito-feeding caused anaemia in hosts, a known promoter of gametocytogenesis. The substantial evidence that malaria and a variety of other parasites facultatively alter transmission strategies in response to a variety of environmental influences makes our results surprising.
Overvoltage analysis of transmission towers considering the influence of tower-footing impedance

Lightning is one of the main causes of outages due to backflashover mechanism in power systems. In this context, the tower-footing impedance presents a key role in the overvoltages caused by this phenomenon. Tower-footing impedance is traditionally modelled as a pure resistance, which is a good approximation, at low frequencies. However, the inductance and resistance of the tower-footing impedance strongly depend on the frequency at higher frequencies of the spectrum that is covered by lightning strokes. As such, their frequency dependence must be considered for accurate calculation of transient responses. Using the Vector Fitting technique, the admittance of grounding electrode buried in soil is represented by a lumped parameter circuit. The circuit model can be connected to transient transmission line models which enables the calculation of the voltages at the cross-arms of the tower. This paper shows the influence of tower-footing impedance of vertical electrodes on the overvoltage caused by a lightning striking at the tower top. The analysis will show how the soil characteristics and geometrical parameters affect the overvoltages at a typical transmission tower.
Clinical Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures: A Comparative Simultaneous Doppler-Catheterization Study

BackgroundNoninvasive assessment of diastolic filling by Doppler echocardiography provides important information about left ventricular (LV) status in selected subsets of patients. This study was designed to assess whether mitral annular velocities as assessed by tissue Doppler imaging are associated with invasive measures of diastolic LV performance and whether additional information is gained over traditional Doppler variables. Methods and ResultsOne hundred consecutive patients referred for cardiac catheterization underwent simultaneous Doppler interrogation. Invasive measurements of LV pressures were obtained with micromanometer-tipped catheters, and the mean LV diastolic pressure (M-LVDP) was used as a surrogate for mean left atrial pressure. Doppler signals from the mitral inflow, pulmonary venous inflow, and TDI of the mitral annulus were obtained. Isolated parameters of transmitral flow correlated with M-LVDP only when ejection fraction <50%. The ratio of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus (E/E′) showed a better correlation with M-LVDP than did other Doppler variables for all levels of systolic function. E/E′ <8 accurately predicted normal M-LVDP, and E/E′ >15 identified increased M-LVDP. Wide variability was present in those with E/E′ of 8 to 15. A subset of those patients with E/E′ 8 to 15 could be further defined by use of other Doppler data. ConclusionsThe combination of tissue Doppler imaging of the mitral annulus and mitral inflow velocity curves provides better estimates of LV filling pressures than other methods (pulmonary vein, preload reduction). However, accurate prediction of filling pressures for an individual patient requires a stepwise approach incorporating all available data.
Multispectral Metamaterial Detectors for Smart Imaging

The ability to produce a high quality infrared image has significantly improved since its initial development in the 1950’s [1]. The first generation consisted of a single pixel that required a two-dimensional raster scan to produce an image. The second generation comprised of a linear array of pixels that required a mechanical sweep to produce an image. The third generation utilizes a two-dimensional array of pixels to eliminate the need for a mechanical sweep. Third generation imaging technology incorporates pixels with single color or broadband sensitivity, which results in “black and white” images. The research presented in this dissertation focuses on the development of 4th generation infrared detectors for the realization of a new generation of infrared focal plane array. To achieve this goal, we investigate metamaterials to realize multicolor detectors with enhanced quantum efficiency for similar function to a human retina. The key idea is to engineer the pixel such that it not only has the ability to sense multimodal data such as color, polarization, dynamic range and phase but also the intelligence to transmit a reduced data set to the central processing unit (neurophotonics). In this dissertation, we utilize both a quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) and interband cascade detector (ICD) hybridized with a metamaterial absorber for enhanced multicolor sensitivity in the infrared regime. Through this work, along with some design lessons throughout this iterative process, we design, fabricate and demonstrate the first deep-subwavelength multispectral infrared detector using an ultra-thin type-II superlattice (T2-SL) detector coupled with a metamaterial absorber with 7X enhanced quantum efficiency. We also identify useful versus non-useful absorption through a combination of absolute absorption and quantum efficiency measurements. In addition to these research efforts, we also demonstrate a dynamic multicolor metamaterial in the
Access to Migration for Rural Households

This paper exploits a unique feature of China’s history, the “sent-down youth” (SDY ) program, to study the effects of access to internal migration. We show that temporary migration due to the SDY program created lasting inter-province links. We interact these links with two time-varying pull measures in potential destinations. Decades after the SDY program ended, increased access to migration in cities that sent SDY leads to higher rates of migration from provinces where those SDY temporarily resided. We find that improved access to migration leads to lower consumption volatility and lower asset holding. Furthermore, household production shifts into high-risk, high-return activities. (JEL D13, J24, O15, O18, P25, P36, R23)
p53 controls CDC7 levels to reinforce G1 cell cycle arrest upon genotoxic stress

ABSTRACT DNA replication initiation is a key event in the cell cycle, which is dependent on 2 kinases - CDK2 and CDC7. Here we report a novel mechanism in which p53 induces G1 checkpoint and cell cycle arrest by downregulating CDC7 kinase in response to genotoxic stress. We demonstrate that p53 controls CDC7 stability post-transcriptionally via miR-192/215 and post-translationally via Fbxw7β E3 ubiquitin ligase. The p53-dependent pathway of CDC7 downregulation is interlinked with the p53-p21-CDK2 pathway, as p21-mediated inhibition of CDK2-dependent phosphorylation of CDC7 on Thr376 is required for GSK3ß-phosphorylation and Fbxw7ß-dependent degradation of CDC7. Notably, sustained oncogenic high levels of active CDC7 exert a negative feedback onto p53, leading to unrestrained S-phase progression and accumulation of DNA damage. Thus, p53-dependent control of CDC7 levels is essential for blocking G1/S cell-cycle transition upon genotoxic stress, thereby safeguarding the genome from instability and thus representing a novel general stress response.
P‐217L: Late‐News Poster: Glass Impact on Capacitive Touch‐Sensing Algorithms: Thinner and Shaped Cover Glass

Glass plays an important role in many capacitive touch‐sensing applications. In this work we analyze the effect that thinner cover glass has on the performance of touch‐sensing algorithms. To this aim, we introduce an analytic method to approximate the response on the sensors due to a finger, followed by numerical simulation of various algorithms. Results for tracking errors are plotted as a function of glass thickness. We also briefly discuss the effects of using shaped cover glass.
Biological response of cancer cells to radiation treatment

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and has the ability to spread or metastasize throughout the body. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made toward the understanding of proposed hallmarks of cancer development, care, and treatment modalities. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy is an important and integral component of cancer management, mostly conferring a survival benefit. Radiation therapy destroys cancer by depositing high-energy radiation on the cancer tissues. Over the years, radiation therapy has been driven by constant technological advances and approximately 50% of all patients with localized malignant tumors are treated with radiation at some point in the course of their disease. In radiation oncology, research and development in the last three decades has led to considerable improvement in our understanding of the differential responses of normal and cancer cells. The biological effectiveness of radiation depends on the linear energy transfer (LET), total dose, number of fractions and radiosensitivity of the targeted cells or tissues. Radiation can either directly or indirectly (by producing free radicals) damages the genome of the cell. This has been challenged in recent years by a newly identified phenomenon known as radiation induced bystander effect (RIBE). In RIBE, the non-irradiated cells adjacent to or located far from the irradiated cells/tissues demonstrate similar responses to that of the directly irradiated cells. Understanding the cancer cell responses during the fractions or after the course of irradiation will lead to improvements in therapeutic efficacy and potentially, benefitting a significant proportion of cancer patients. In this review, the clinical implications of radiation induced direct and bystander effects on the cancer cell are discussed.
Displaying Dynamic Carbon Footprints of Products on Mobile Phones

Several brand owners are calculating the carbon footprint of sample products and intend to make the information available to their consumers as a label on the product. A physical label on the items or on the retail shelf will not be flexible enough to show the carbon footprint because of the dynamic nature of carbon emissions and the potential difference in footprint between instances of the same product. In this demonstration, we show an alternative to a static physical label, namely an NFC-enabled mobile phone that displays the carbon footprint of tagged products. In addition to demonstrating the dynamic nature of carbon footprints, our prototype shows how consumers can be empowered with knowledge about the products they buy.
Automated Analysis of an Audio Control

In this paper we present a case-study where the tool Uppaal is extended and applied to verify an Audio-Control Protocol developed by Philips. The size of the protocol studied in this paper is sig-niicantly larger than case studies, including various abstract versions veriied of the same protocol without bus collision handling, reported previously in the community of real time veriication. We have checked that the protocol will function correctly if the timing error of its components is bound to 5%, and incorrectly if the error is 6%. In addition, using Uppaal's ability of generating diagnostic traces, we have studied an erroneous version of the protocol actually implemented by Philips in their audio products, and constructed a possible execution sequence explaining a known error. During the case-study, Uppaal was extended with the notion of committed locations. It allows for accurate modelling of atomic behaviours, and more importantly, it is utilized to guide the state-space exploration of the model checker to avoid exploring unnecessary interleavings of independent transitions. Our experimental results demonstrate truly time and space-savings of the modiied model checking algorithm. In fact, due to the huge time and memory-requirement, it was impossible to check a simple reachability property of the protocol before the introduction of committed locations, and now it takes only seconds.
Resynthesis of Combinational Circuits for Path Count Reduction and for Path Delay Fault Testability

Path delay fault model is the most suitable model for detectingdistributed manufacturing defects which can cause delayfaults. However, the number of paths in a modern design can beextremely large and the path delay testability of many practicaldesigns is very low. In this paper we show how to resynthesize acombinational circuit in order to reduce the total number of paths inthe circuit. Our results show that it is possible to obtain circuitswith a significant reduction in the number of paths while notincreasing area and/or delay of the longest sensitizable path in thecircuit.Research on path delay testing shows that in many circuits a largeportion of paths does not have a test that can guarantee detection ofa delay fault. The path delay testability of a circuit would increaseif the number of such paths is reduced. We show that addition of asmall number of test points into the circuit can help reducing thenumber of such paths in the given design.
Seasonal Variation, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant activity of Brazilian Propolis Samples

Total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity and chemical composition of propolis samples from three localities of Minas Gerais state (southeast Brazil) were determined. Total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteau method, antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, using BHT as reference, and chemical composition was analyzed by GC/MS. Propolis from Itapecerica and Paula Cândido municipalities were found to have high phenolic contents and pronounced antioxidant activity. From these extracts, 40 substances were identified, among them were simple phenylpropanoids, prenylated phenylpropanoids, sesqui- and diterpenoids. Quantitatively, the main constituent of both samples was allyl-3-prenylcinnamic acid. A sample from Virginópolis municipality had no detectable phenolic substances and contained mainly triterpenoids, the main constituents being α- and β-amyrins. Methanolic extracts from Itapecerica and Paula Cândido exhibited pronounced scavenging activity towards DPPH, indistinguishable from BHT activity. However, extracts from Virginópolis sample exhibited no antioxidant activity. Total phenolic substances, GC/MS analyses and antioxidant activity of samples from Itapecerica collected monthly over a period of 1 year revealed considerable variation. No correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and either total phenolic contents or contents of artepillin C and other phenolic substances, as assayed by CG/MS analysis.
Axis I psychiatric disorders, paraphilic sexual offending and implications for pharmacological treatment.

BACKGROUND Axis I non-sexual psychopathology, especially if associated with other manifestations of impulsivity, could be important to consider during the assessment and pharmacological treatment of paraphilic sexual offenders. METHOD The author performed a Medline literature search using combinations of the following terms "sexual offender," "paraphilia," "Axis I," and "comorbid. " In addition, individual paraphilic disorders including "exhibitionism," "voyeurism," "frotteurism," "sexual sadism" and "pedophilia" were searched with the terms "Axis I" and "comorbid. " From the literature retrieved, 18 relevant specific articles and additional references were reviewed that utilized either a comprehensive prospective methodology to ascertain Axis I psychopathology or a specific diagnosis not typically included in structured diagnostic instruments was ascertained with validated rating instruments. RESULTS Unipolar and bipolar mood disorders, social anxiety disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental conditions (mental retardation, fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, Asperger's disorder) are Axis I psychopathologies reported as co-associated with paraphilic sexual offending. The aforementioned Axis I psychiatric disorders typically manifest during childhood or adolescence, the same age of onset as paraphilic disorders. Alcohol abuse is prevalent among paraphilic offenders as well and its presence serves as an additional disinhibitor. Research supporting the concurrent pharmacological treatment of Axis I comorbidities is modest but offers support that such treatment could mitigate paraphilic behavior. LIMITATIONS This review was organized to emphasize positive findings. Studies reviewed varied in both sample types and settings as well as ascertainment and diagnostic methodologies. The literature reviewed is modest in size and additionally limited by small samples. CONCLUSIONS A subset of males with Axis I diagnoses of mood disorders, social anxiety disorder, substance use disorders, and ADHD or other childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities may be co-associated with sexual disinhibition and aggression manifested as paraphilias. Pharmacological treatments addressing Axis I comorbidites and paraphilias have been reported to mitigate both sets of disorders but the treatment data should be regarded as preliminary.
Entity-Based Local Coherence Modelling Using Topological Fields

One goal of natural language generation is to produce coherent text that presents information in a logical order. In this paper, we show that topological fields, which model high-level clausal structure, are an important component of local coherence in German. First, we show in a sentence ordering experiment that topological field information improves the entity grid model of Barzilay and Lapata (2008) more than grammatical role and simple clausal order information do, particularly when manual annotations of this information are not available. Then, we incorporate the model enhanced with topological fields into a natural language generation system that generates constituent orders for German text, and show that the added coherence component improves performance slightly, though not statistically significantly.
Linkage Analysis of Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 Simulated Data Based on Affected Individuals Only

A variety of allele‐sharing methods was used to assess linkage to disease for a whole‐genome screen in each of ten replicates from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 12 simulated data. Analysis of each replicate produced many false positive results in addition to a few “true” positives. Conditioning on the strongest initial linkage and reanalyzing using a variety of conditional methods did not improve the power for detection or help discriminate between true and false positive signals. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.