Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ajax Security in Groupware

Ajax is a new model for Web applications to provide more responsive and faster user interfaces resembling more closely that of applications. Typical usage areas are user input validation without page submission, integrating small elements from several servers on a single page, and simulating push-services. Especially the latter are promising for enhancing groupware applications and for realizing them directly in browsers without plug-ins or additional software. The Ajax programming model introduces new security issues, which could be especially dangerous as they were not fully accounted for in previous threat models or considered as of less importance. This paper investigates the security implications of Ajax and discusses possible solutions with a special focus on the context of groupware. It explains security issues which are inherent to the Ajax programming model or are exacerbated through it, and which especially affect cooperative application
Feature Weighting Strategies in Sentiment Analysis

In this paper we propose an adaptation of the KullbackLeibler divergence score for the task of sentiment and opinion classification on a sentence level. We propose to use the obtained score with the SVM model using different thresholds for pruning the feature set. We argue that the pruning of the feature set for the task of sentiment analysis (SA) may be detrimental to classifiers performance on short text. As an alternative approach, we consider a simple additive scheme that takes into account all of the features. Accuracy rates over 10 fold cross-validation indicate that the latter approach outperforms the SVM classification scheme.
Star Cluster Life-times: Dependence on Mass, Radius and Environment

Abstract The dissolution time (tdis) of clusters in a tidal field does not scale with the “classical” expression for the relaxation time. First, the scaling with N, and hence cluster mass, is shallower due to the finite escape time of stars. Secondly, the cluster half-mass radius is of little importance. This is due to a balance between the relative tidal field strength and internal relaxation, which have an opposite effect on tdis, but of similar magnitude. When external perturbations, such as encounters with giant molecular clouds (GMC) are important, tdis for an individual cluster depends strongly on radius. The mean dissolution time for a population of clusters, however, scales in the same way with mass as for the tidal field, due to the weak dependence of radius on mass. The environmental parameters that determine tdis are the tidal field strength and the density of molecular gas. We compare the empirically derived tdis of clusters in six galaxies to theoretical predictions and argue that encounters with GMCs are the dominant destruction mechanism. Finally, we discuss a number of pitfalls in the derivations of tdis from observations, such as incompleteness, with the cluster system of the SMC as particular example.
Convey vector personalities - FPGA acceleration with an openmp-like programming effort?

Although the benefits of FPGAs for accelerating scientific codes are widely acknowledged, the use of FPGA accelerators in scientific computing is not widespread because reaping these benefits requires knowledge of hardware design methods and tools that is typically not available with domain scientists. A promising but hardly investigated approach is to develop tool flows that keep the common languages for scientific code (C,C++, and Fortran) and allow the developer to augment the source code with OpenMP-like directives for instructing the compiler which parts of the application shall be offloaded the FPGA accelerator. In this work we study whether the promise of effective FPGA acceleration with an OpenMP-like programming effort can actually be held. Our target system is the Convey HC-1 reconfigurable computer for which an OpenMP-like programming environment exists. As case study we use an application from computational nanophotonics. Our results show that a developer without previous FPGA experience could create an FPGA-accelerated application that is competitive to an optimized OpenMP-parallelized CPU version running on a two socket quad-core server. Finally, we discuss our experiences with this tool flow and the Convey HC-1 from a productivity and economic point of view.
Groundwater recharge from irrigated cropland in the North China Plain: case study of Luancheng County, Hebei Province, 1949–2000

Effective management of limited water resources in the North China Plain requires reliable calculation of historical groundwater balances at local, sub‐watershed scales. These calculations typically are hindered by poorly constrained recharge estimates. Using a simple soil‐water balance model, we independently calculated annual recharge from irrigated cropland to unconfined alluvial aquifers underlying Luancheng County, Hebei Province, in the western part of the North China Plain, for 1949–2000. Model inputs include basic soil characteristics and daily precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, irrigation, crop root depth, and leaf‐area index; model outputs include daily actual evapotranspiration and areal groundwater recharge. Results indicate that areal recharge is not a constant fraction of precipitation plus irrigation, as previously assumed, but rather the fraction increases as the water inputs increase. Thus, model‐calculated recharge rates range from 5 to 109 cm year−1, depending on the quantity of precipitation and irrigation applied. The important implication is that, because this drainage recharges the underlying aquifer, improving irrigation efficiency by reducing seepage does not save water. This explains why successful efforts to reduce groundwater pumping for irrigation have had no effect on water‐table declines. So long as crop cover is extensive and all crop‐water requirements are met—which has been the case in Luancheng County since the 1960s—groundwater levels will continue to decline at a steady rate. Potential solutions include reducing the irrigated area, reintroducing fallow periods, and shifting water from agriculture to other, less consumptive uses. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Envisioning a collaborative smart home solution based on argumentative dialogues

In the present day, there is great interest for home automation solutions from both a commercial standpoint as well as for research purposes. While the hardware of the various intelligent devices has become more powerful over the years, the software has yet to provide a unified experience and the smart home is often a collection of capable devices that act individually rather than as a whole. We propose a software solution based on argumentation and multi-agent systems that is able to adapt to the smart home occupants, provide tailored recommendations for them and justify the choices it produces. To this end, we have adapted two existing weighted argumentation formalisms and aggregate their results in γ-extensions which are computed by the smart home agents.
Free and constrained symplectic integrators for numerical general relativity

We consider symplectic time integrators in numerical general relativity and discuss both free and constrained evolution schemes. For free evolution of ADM-like equations we propose the use of the Störmer–Verlet method, a standard symplectic integrator which here is explicit in the computationally expensive curvature terms. For the constrained evolution we give a formulation of the evolution equations that enforces the momentum constraints in a holonomically constrained Hamiltonian system and turns the Hamilton constraint function from a weak to a strong invariant of the system. This formulation permits the use of the constraint-preserving symplectic RATTLE integrator, a constrained version of the Störmer–Verlet method. The behavior of the methods is illustrated on two effectively (1+1)-dimensional versions of Einstein's equations, which allow us to investigate a perturbed Minkowski problem and the Schwarzschild spacetime. We compare symplectic and non-symplectic integrators for free evolution, showing very different numerical behavior for nearly-conserved quantities in the perturbed Minkowski problem. Further we compare free and constrained evolution, demonstrating in our examples that enforcing the momentum constraints can turn an unstable free evolution into a stable constrained evolution. This is demonstrated in the stabilization of a perturbed Minkowski problem with Dirac gauge, and in the suppression of the propagation of boundary instabilities into the interior of the domain in Schwarzschild spacetime.
Comparison of Adaptive Kalman Filter Methods in State Estimation of a Nonlinear System Using Asynchronous Measurements

This paper presents the state estimation problem for nonlinear industrial systems using asynchronous measurements to simulate the circumstances of real case studies. The well-known conventional Kalman filters give the optimal solution but require synchronous measurements, an accurate system model and exact stochastical noise characteristics. Thus, the Kalman filter with incomplete information and asynchronous sensors measurements may be degraded or even diverged. In order to reduce the effect of noise variance uncertainty, adaptive fading extended Kalman filter and adaptive unscented Kalman filter are proposed to overcome this drawback. On the other hand, received data to estimation nodes from multi-sensors have different communication delays and various sampling rates. In this paper, conventional Kalman filter has been modified in a way to be workable for state estimation in plants with different communication delays in their sensors. Also decentralized multi sensor fusion has been used to estimate states in presence of multi-rate sensors. The feasibility and effectiveness of the presented methods are demonstrated through simulation studies on a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) benchmark problem.
A modal perspective on monadic second-order alternation hierarchies

We establish that the quantifier alternation hierarchy of for- mulae of Second-Order Propositional Modal Logic ( SOPML) induces an infinite corresponding semantic hierarchy over the class of finite directed graphs. This is a response to an open problem posed in (4) and (8). We also provide modal characterizations of the expressive power of Monadic Second-Order Logic ( MSO) and address a number of points that should promote the potential advantages of viewing MSO and its fragments from the modal perspective.
Quantum Bayesian approach to circuit QED measurement

Author(s): Korotkov, Alexander N | Abstract: We present a simple formalism describing evolution of a qubit in the process of its measurement in a circuit QED setup. When a phase-sensitive amplifier is used, the evolution depends on only one output quadrature, and the formalism is the same as for a broadband setup. When a phase-preserving amplifier is used, the qubit evolution depends on two output quadratures. In both cases a perfect monitoring of the qubit state and therefore a perfect quantum feedback is possible.
A new method of comparing forcing agents in climate models

The authors describe a new method of comparing different climate forcing agents (e.g., CO2 concentration, CH4 concentration, and total solar irradiance) in climate models that circumvents many of the difficulties associated with explicit calculations of efficacy. This is achieved by introducing an explicit feedback loop external to a climate model that adjusts one forcing agent to balance another while keeping global-mean surface temperature constant. The convergence time of this feedback loop can be adjusted, allowing for comparisons of forcing agents to be achieved with relatively short simulations. Comparisons between forcing agents are highly linear in concordance with predicted scaling relationships; for example, the global-mean climate response to a doubling of the CO2 concentration is equivalent to that of a 2.1% change in total solar irradiance. This result is independent of the magnitude of the forcing agent (within the range of radiative forcings considered here) and is consistent across two different climate models.
Discovering Semantic Relatedness between Scientific Articles through Citation Frequency

Finding relationship between scientific articles is dire need of scholarly community. Current systems support the task to some extent, for example showing cited-by articles, related-articles etc. However, in many cases, these systems show a long list of related documents. For example, if a paper has been cited-by 500 papers, the Google Scholar shows the list of those 500 papers. The system itself is unable to recommend the most relevant cited-by articles for a cited article. This hinders the researchers to skim all of the cited paper to search the most suitable papers because of the fact that many researchers just cite the paper to give background study of the topic etc. In this way there is no strong relationship between the both papers. Therefore, there is a need for a system that can discover semantic relatedness between these documents and could recommend a few most relevant cited-by articles. The semantic relatedness could mean different for different people. In this paper, we consider the cited-by paper more relevant to cited paper if the cited paper has been referred within the cited-by paper's text more than a threshold value. We have empirically proved that Citation Frequency could be another measure to find semantically related set of articles. We have tested our system for a dataset of online journal such as: Journal of Universal Computer Science (J. UCS), we found that if cited-by paper refers the cited paper more than five times, both are semantically related and shows a strong relationship.
A Praxiography of the Transnationalization of the Stockholm School of Economics

The internationalization of higher education is as old as the university itself. Recently, however, there has been a growing interest in transnational higher education, a specific form of internationalization which considers education as a product which can be packaged and sold abroad. This research explores the transnationalization of the Stockholm School of Economics, with an emphasis on its foreign branch campus in Riga, Latvia. It adopts the philosophy and methods of praxiology, and it follows the abductive logic of grounded theory. The research results include a modeling of the transnationalization of the Stockholm School of Economics as an activity system.
Professor Blumin on Age and Inequality

In his essay in this issue, Stuart Blumin attempts to sort out the debate between Edward Pessen and me. Professor Blumin begins: “Gallman advances the view that inequality between generations—the association between age and wealth—does explain nearly all of the very striking differences in personal fortune that Pessen and others have discovered. ” This is not the view I had intended to advance and is certainly not a view I hold. Many factors bore on the wealth distribution of the United States in the “age of the common man. ” The age structure of population surely did not account for “nearly all” of the observed wealth differences. (See, for example, my treatment of this subject— based on manuscript census data for 1860—in Davis et al., 1972: 31-32. This discussion treats the influences on wealth holding of age, sex, nativity, color, occupation, and inheritance.) How Professor Blumin came to misunderstand me so badly I cannot say, but I suspect he was misled by my ill-advised comparison of the results drawn from my model with the actual distribution of wealth in 1860 (Gallman, 1978:198).
The properties of cuspy triaxial systems formed due to the radial-orbit instability

Context. We have investigated the structure and kinematics of triaxial final models formed due to radial-orbit instability from a set of equilibrium anisotropic spherical systems of the Osipkov-Merritt type. Aims. We show that the instability is a natural way to build nonspherical systems and thus can be considered as a new technique for constructing equilibrium N-body models. Methods. The dynamical evolution of the models was followed numerically by means of the Dehnen’s public code gyrfacON. Results. We found that the shape of the density profiles for various ini tial spherical models didn’t change despite of the systems were drastically rearranged into triaxial configurations a nd had got the new scale lengths. The cusp was found to be an invariant feature of such a rearranging. Starting from a certain unsta ble sphericalγ-model we obtain a triaxial system with the same cusp. The end-products are anisotropic at large radii and have anisot ropy profiles of the Osipkov-Merrit type. The size of the isot ropic core once rescaled corresponds to the value of marginally stableγ-progenitors and is almost independent of the unstable starting point. Conclusions. We conclude that the end-products reach a new steady state and have quite predictable properties. They can be used as equilibrium models to describe the elliptical galaxies a nd bulges. They also can be incorporated in N-body simulations deal with multicomponent systems.
Do Lax Environmental Regulations Attract Foreign Investment ? by Yuqing

There has been considerable controversy over the empirical significance of the theoretically predicted pollution haven hypothesis. Generally, empirical papers have failed to find an effect on industrial location of weaker or stricter environmental regulations. In this paper we find strong confirmation of theoretical predictions. We present a statistical test of the impact of environmental regulations on the capital movement of polluting industries. The empirical study is conducted by examining foreign direct investment (FDI) of several US industries, representing industries with high pollution control costs (chemicals and primary metals) as well as industries with more modest pollution control costs (electrical and non-electrical machinery, transportation equipment, and food products). At issue is the effect of the laxity of environmental regulation on FDI. As laxity is not directly observed, we posit two equations, one for FDI determination and one for pollutant emissions, a variable positively correlated with the unobserved variable. We use aggregate national sulfur emissions as the pollutant. Using instruments for the unobserved variable, the statistical results show that the laxity of environmental regulations in a host country is a significant determinant of FDI from the US for heavily polluting industries and is insignificant for less polluting industries.
Feature-channel subset selection for optimising myoelectric human-machine interface design

This paper proposes a feature-channel subset selection method for obtaining an optimal subset of features and channels of myoelectric human-machine interface applied to classify upper limb’s motions using multi-channel myoelectric signals. It employs a multi-objective genetic algorithm as a search strategy and either data separability index or classification rate as an objective function. A wide range of features in time, frequency, and time-scale domains are examined, and a modification that reduces the bias of cardinality in the separability index is evaluated. The proposed method produces a compact subset of features and channels, which results in high accuracy by linear classifiers without a need of preliminary tailor-made adjustments.
Personalized video summarization based on Multi-Layered Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis with shared topics

In this paper, we propose a multi-layered Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis (PLSA) model for personalized video summarization problem based on time synchronous comments offered by multiple users. Preliminary evaluations performed on an animation series of 624 minutes long with 12212 users show that the proposed model is able to capture the relationships among the preference of each individual user and the various video events, therefore is able to generate personalized summaries of unseen videos for different users.
Intrusion Detection Architecture Utilizing Graphics Processors

With the thriving technology and the great increase in the usage of computer networks, the risk of having these network to be under attacks have been increased. Number of techniques have been created and designed to help in detecting and/or preventing such attacks. One common technique is the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Today, number of open sources and commercial IDS are available to match enterprises requirements. However, the performance of these systems is still the main concern. This paper examines perceptions of intrusion detection architecture implementation, resulting from the use of graphics processor. It discusses recent research activities, developments and problems of operating systems security. Some exploratory evidence is presented that shows capabilities of using graphical processors and intrusion detection systems. The focus is on how knowledge experienced throughout the graphics processor inclusion has played out in the design of intrusion detection architecture that is seen as an opportunity to strengthen research expertise.
An alternative approach to reduced-complexity CPM-receivers

By separating the two complexity problems connected with optimum coherent CPM (continuous phase modulation) receivers, namely, the number of linear filters and the number of memory states required, a straightforward procedure for reducing the complexity is proposed and its usefulness is evaluated. A concise analysis of the inherent trellis encoder associated with CPM is given. It is then demonstrated that for almost all schemes of interest in practice, it is quite sufficient for the receiver to implement only four or six linear filters which represent proper reference signals. For a reduction in the number of memory states, decision-feedback sequence estimation together with minimization of the unprocessed intersymbol interference is proposed. Modifications of this procedure allow a state reduction without losses or with only negligible losses because only error events with large distances are affected. Combinations of these methods make possible an almost continuous tradeoff between receiver complexity and SNR (signal/noise ratio) losses. Several examples are considered for which evaluations of minimum Euclidean distances and simulation results are given. >
Testing the mediating role of perceived organizational support between leadership styles, organizational justice and employees' behavioral outcomes

The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of Leader Member Exchange (LMX), Organizational Justice (OJ) and Empowering Leadership (EL) on Job Performance (JP), Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Reduced Withdrawal Behavior (RWB) of employees working in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. On the basis of theoretical support which provides the linkage between these variables, conceptual model and hypotheses were drawn. The data was collected through the adopted survey instrument, from the sample of 358 employees representing the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Statistical software SPSS version 17 was used for factor analysis, correlation and regression analysis. The positive and significant results showed that EL, OJ and LMX impact on the Behavioral Outcomes of Employees directly and indirectly through the mediation of Perceived Organizational Support (POS). Finally, managerial & theoretical implications along with limitations and future recommendations have also been discussed in this study.