Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery Radiomics for Multi-Parametric MRI Prostate Cancer Detection

Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed form of cancer in Canadian men, and is the third leading cause of cancer death. Despite these statistics, prognosis is relatively good with a sufficiently early diagnosis, making fast and reliable prostate cancer detection crucial. As imaging-based prostate cancer screening, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), requires an experienced medical professional to extensively review the data and perform a diagnosis, radiomics-driven methods help streamline the process and has the potential to significantly improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, and thus improving patient survival rates. These radiomics-driven methods currently rely on hand-crafted sets of quantitative imaging-based features, which are selected manually and can limit their ability to fully characterize unique prostate cancer tumour phenotype. In this study, we propose a novel discovery radiomics framework for gen- erating custom radiomic sequences tailored for prostate cancer detection. Discovery radiomics aims to uncover abstract imaging- based features that capture highly unique tumour traits and characteristics beyond what can be captured using predefined feature models. In this paper, we discover new custom radiomic sequencers for generating new prostate radiomic sequences using multi-parametric MRI data. We evaluated the performance of the discovered radiomic sequencer against a state-of-the-art hand- crafted radiomic sequencer for computer-aided prostate cancer detection with a feedforward neural network using real clinical prostate multi-parametric MRI data. Results for the discovered radiomic sequencer demonstrate good performance in prostate cancer detection and clinical decision support relative to the hand-crafted radiomic sequencer. The use of discovery radiomics shows potential for more efficient and reliable automatic prostate cancer detection. Index Terms—Discovery radiomics, radiomic sequencing, au- tomatic prostate cancer detection, multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI), deep convolutional network, deep features.
Development of the excretory system in the polyplacophoran mollusc, Lepidochitona corrugata: The protonephridium

A single pair of protonephridia is the typical larval excretory organ of molluscs. Their presence in postlarval developmental stages was discovered only recently. We found that the protonephridia of the polyplacophoran mollusc, Lepidochitona corrugata, achieve their most elaborate differentiation and become largest during the postlarval period. This study describes the protonephridia of L. corrugata using light and electron microscopy and interactive three‐dimensional visualization. We focus on the postlarval developmental period, in which the protonephridia consist of three parts: the terminal part with the ultrafiltration sites at the distal end, the voluminous protonephridial kidney, and the efferent nephroduct leading to the nephropore. The ultrafiltration sites show filtration slits between regularly arranged thin pedicles. The ciliary flame originates from both the terminal cell and the duct cells of the terminal portion. The efferent duct also shows ciliation. The most conspicuous structures, the protonephridial kidneys, are voluminous swellings composed of reabsorptive cells (“nephrocytes”). These cells exhibit strong vacuolization and an infolding system increasing the basal surface. The protonephridial kidneys, previously not reported at such a level of organization in molluscs, strikingly resemble (metanephridial) kidneys of adult molluscan excretory systems. J. Morphol. , 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evaluation of osmolality measurement by freezing point depression using micro-amounts of sample

An evaluation of the Advanced micro-osmometer is presented. This instrument has been shown to have an excellent analytical precision (within-run CV = 0.59%, between-day CV = 0.58%). It is accurate over an analytical range of 0-2000 mmol/kg of osmolality shown by linearity studies and split sample correlations against vapour pressure osmometry, freezing point osmometry and an external quality assurance programme. Analytical errors due to operator technique are almost eliminated because of good instrument design. Preliminary results on whole-blood osmolality are included. The required sample size of 20 μl permits osmolality measurements on most clinical samples. It is concluded that the Advanced micro-osmometer satisfies laboratory requirements.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm for Cost-Delay-Jitter QoS Multicast Routing

In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm is presented to solve the multicast routing problem, which is known as NP-complete problem. The contribution of this work includes: (1) the adaptive niche technique and new migration rules are designed to improve the performance of genetic algorithm. (2) In order to fulfil the adaptability of the basic operators of genetic algorithm, the artificial immune system is involved to dynamically control the crossover operator and the mutation operator. (3) A tree encoding based on the theory of generating the spanning tree is proposed to map the solution space of the multicast tree of QoS multicast routing problem, which basic definitions and axioms of the topology are described especially the character of spanning tree and the nature of the cut edge and cut set of a tree. Experiment result shows that this improved genetic algorithm has higher accuracy and performance than traditional methods
Variational Models for Image Colorization via Chromaticity and Brightness Decomposition

Colorization refers to an image processing task which recovers color in grayscale images when only small regions with color are given. We propose a couple of variational models using chromaticity color components to colorize black and white images. We first consider total variation minimizing (TV) colorization which is an extension from TV inpainting to color using chromaticity model. Second, we further modify our model to weighted harmonic maps for colorization. This model adds edge information from the brightness data, while it reconstructs smooth color values for each homogeneous region. We introduce penalized versions of the variational models, we analyze their convergence properties, and we present numerical results including extension to texture colorization.
Analysis of Manoeuvres and Scoring in Competitive Surfing

In competitive surfing, the choice of, and ability to perform different manoeuvres are crucial for the score outcome. Summarised information about manoeuvres, their frequency and scoring could help coaches and athletes to make the right decisions regarding which manoeuvre to choose, if conditions allow, during a competition heat. All waves from the quarter-finals and up during the World Championship Tour 2012 were analysed in regards to performed manoeuvre and score received. Reentries were the most common manoeuvre, but aerial manoeuvre waves and tube rides scored higher with an average wave score of 7.40±1.53 and 6.82±2.13 respectively, compared to other lower risk manoeuvres that scored an average of 5.08±2.21 (p<0.001). Consequently, the high-scoring manoeuvres had lower completion rate (§50-60% as compared to §90%). It was concluded that, high performance surfing athletes should be able to execute risk-taking manoeuvres in addition to having a high completion rate on traditional manoeuvres in competition.
Oral Language Skills Moderate Nonword Repetition Skills in Children With Dyslexia: A Meta-Analysis of the Role of Nonword Repetition Skills in Dyslexia

We present a meta-analysis reviewing studies that have focused on the relationship between dyslexia and nonword repetition. The results show that children with dyslexia have poorer nonword repetition skills when compared to both chronological-age and reading-level controls. However, the severity of the nonword repetition problem varies significantly between studies, and the most important predictor of this variability is oral language skills. We argue that the sizable explanatory value of oral language skills reflects sample variation in the rate of comorbidity between dyslexia and specific language disorders. Thus, samples with combined dyslexia and specific language disorders demonstrate the most severe nonword repetition problems.
Is inflammatory micronucleation the key to a successful anti-mitotic cancer drug?

Paclitaxel is a successful anti-cancer drug that kills cancer cells in two-dimensional culture through perturbation of mitosis, but whether it causes tumour regression by anti-mitotic actions is controversial. Drug candidates that specifically target mitosis, including inhibitors of kinesin-5, AurkA, AurkB and Plk1, disappointed in the clinic. Current explanations for this discrepancy include pharmacokinetic differences and hypothetical interphase actions of paclitaxel. Here, we discuss post-mitotic micronucleation as a special activity of taxanes that might explain their higher activity in solid tumours. We review data showing that cells which exit mitosis in paclitaxel are highly micronucleated and suffer post-mitotic DNA damage, and that these effects are much stronger for paclitaxel than kinesin-5 inhibitors. We propose that post-mitotic micronucleation promotes inflammatory signalling via cGAS–STING and other pathways. In tumours, this signalling may recruit cytotoxic leucocytes, damage blood vessels and prime T-cell responses, leading to whole-tumour regression. We discuss experiments that are needed to test the micronucleation hypothesis, and its implications for novel anti-mitotic targets and enhancement of taxane-based therapies.
Myogenic programs of mouse muscle cell lines: expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms, MyoD1, and myogenin

Different mouse muscle cell lines were found to express distinct patterns of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, MyoD1, and myogenin, but there appeared to be no correlation between the pattern of MHC expression and the patterns of MyoD1 and myogenin expression. Myogenic cell lines were generated from unconverted C3H10T1/2 cells by 5- azacytidine treatment (Aza cell lines) and by stable transfection with MyoD1 (TD cell lines) or myogenin (TG cell lines). Myogenic differentiation of the newly generated cell lines was compared to that of the C2C12 and BC3H-1 cell lines. Immunoblot analysis showed that differentiated cells of each line expressed the embryonic and slow skeletal/beta-cardiac MHC isoforms though slow MHC was expressed at a much lower, barely detectable level in BC3H-1 cells. Differentiated cells of each line except BC3H-1 also expressed an additional MHC(s) that was probably the perinatal MHC isoform. Myogenin mRNA was expressed by every cell line, and, with the exception of BC3H-1 (cf., Davis, R. L., H. Weintraub, and A. B. Lassar. 1987. Cell. 51:987-1000), MyoD1 mRNA was expressed by every cell line. To determine if MyoD1 expression would alter the differentiation of BC3H-1 cells, cell lines (termed BD) were generated by transfecting BC3H-1 cells with MyoD1 under control of the beta-actin promoter. The MyoD1 protein expressed in BD cells was correctly localized in the nucleus, and, unlike the parental BC3H-1 cell line that formed differentiated MHC-expressing cells, which were predominantly mononucleated, BD cell lines formed long, multinucleated myotubes (cf., Brennan, T. J., D. G. Edmondson, and E. N. Olson. 1990. J. Cell. Biol. 110:929-938). Despite the differences in morphology and MyoD1 expression, BD myotubes and the parent BC3H-1 cells expressed the same pattern of sarcomeric MHCs.
Effective Parent Connectedness Components in Sexuality Education Interventions for African American Youth: A Review of the Literature

African American youth are at risk for negative sexual behaviors such as early initiation and unplanned pregnancy. The purpose of the article is to identify the effective parent connectedness components in sexuality education interventions solely targeting African American youth. A total of 12 articles were found describing six intervention programs that met inclusion criteria. A summary of each was developed, and commonly used parent connectedness components were identified. In this manner, effective strategies and lessons learned from the research regarding parental connectedness and African American sexual risk reduction could be more clearly discussed. Recommendations for future programming are offered.
Interactive Linked Micromap Plots And Dynamically Conditioned Choropleth Maps

This paper introduces interactive extensions to two recently developed templates for displaying geospatially-indexed estimates. The first template, linked micromap plots, links small generalized maps with statistical panels that describe regions. Research centered at the National Cancer Institute addressed the task of communicating state and county cancer statistics and tailored this template to show estimates, confidence intervals, and Healthy People 2010 target values. The research also integrated interactive options, such as variable selection, sorting, fixed header scrolling, mouse tips, enlarged dynamic map views and drill down, in a Java applet. This template has fared well in early usability tests. The second template, called conditioned choropleth maps, seeks to improve hypothesis generation about the spatial patterns shown in a classed choropleth map. Since variation of a study variable is often related to known risk factors, the template provides a way to control for the known variation. This paper describes dynamic sliders that change class boundaries for a study variable and that partition regions into a 3 x 3 layout of maps based on values of two risk factors. Highlighted regions in each map are more homogeneous with respect to both risk factors. Comparisons across maps and spatial patterns within maps provide the basis for generating hypotheses. The JAVA application shareware also includes dynamic statistical annotation and QQplots for comparing distributions
MC21-A, a Bactericidal Antibiotic Produced by a New Marine Bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica sp. nov. O-BC30T, against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT We previously reported a new marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica sp. nov. O-BC30T, which produced a bactericidal antibiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the present study, we purified an anti-MRSA substance (MC21-A) from the methanol extract of the cells of P. phenolica O-BC30T and analyzed its chemical structure. MC21-A was determined to be 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromo-2,2′-biphenyldiol by spectrometric analyses. Its anti-MRSA activity against 10 clinical isolates of MRSA was comparable to that of vancomycin (MC21-A MICs, 1 to 2 μg/ml; vancomycin MICs, <0.25 to 2 μg/ml). This substance was also high active against Enterococcus serolicida, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis but was less active against Streptococcus spp. A time-kill study also demonstrated that MC21-A was bactericidal and that its killing rate was much higher than that of vancomycin. The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of MC21-A against a clinical MRSA isolate, strain E 31243, was also comparable to that of vancomycin (MC21-A PAEs, 1.46 to 1.65 h; vancomycin PAEs, 0.84 to 1.43 h). However, a lysis experiment demonstrated that this substance failed to lyse MRSA cells. This substance also did not lyse human erythrocytes. A SYTOX Green staining experiment implied that this substance permeabilized the cell membrane of MRSA as its mode of action. When its activities against a hypersensitive Escherichia coli mutant (KO 1489) and wild-type strains were tested, MC21-A exhibited higher levels of activity against the former. Furthermore, MC21-A was not cytotoxic to human normal fibroblast, rat pheochromocytoma, and Vero cells at concentrations up to 50 μg/ml. These results suggest that MC21-A might be useful as a lead compound in the development of new types of anti-MRSA substances with modes of action different from those of vancomycin and teicoplanin.
Control movement scheme based on manipulability concept for a surgical robotic assistant

This paper proposes a Cartesian control scheme applied to a robotic assistant for laparoscopic surgery. This system's main characteristic is that it emulates the movements of a human assistant, guiding the laparoscopic camera with precision to focus on the area in question inside the patient. Furthermore this control scheme requires adjustment of certain parameters in order to prevent saturation of the manipulator's actuators, and therefore the robot has been studied in terms of manipulability. The proposed movement control scheme has been implanted in the ERM robot used to carry out trials on thirty two patients
The impact of layout and technology on the DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN HFETs

An analysis of the impact of device layout and technology on the DC and RF performance of AlGaN/GaN HFETs is presented. For this analysis AlGaN/GaN HFETs fabricated on SiC substrate were extensively characterized by DC, small signal RF measurements and RF power measurements. In addition to the characterization results, we present a simulation study on how to improve the performance based on pure device layout variations and we will show which parameters are dominating. Furthermore, we will analyse the electric field distribution in the device and show that a slanted gate profile is beneficial, while the electric field in the gate-drain region can be optimized by the incorporation of a source-terminated field plate (STFP).
A movie recommender system based on inductive learning

Recommender systems apply intelligent access technologies to large information systems. These systems, especially collaborative filtering based ones, are achieving widespread success on the Web. In recent years, the amount of available information and the number of visitors to Web sites are increasing enormously. New recommender system technologies are needed that can quickly produce high quality recommendations, even for very large-scale information resources. In this paper we apply inductive learning algorithm to the recommendation process. Instead of computing user-user or item-item similarities, we construct a decision tree to represent user preference. Recommendations are performed by decision tree classification. To inspect the effectiveness of this technology, we set up a movie recommender system based on inductive learning and make online experiments for evaluation. Our results suggest that inductive-learning-based technology is promising for the solution of the very large-scale problems and high-quality recommendations can be expected.
Personality and career success: Concurrent and longitudinal relations

The present research addresses the dynamic transaction between extrinsic (occupational prestige, income) and intrinsic (job satisfaction) career success and the Five‐Factor Model (FFM) of personality. Participants (N = 731) completed a comprehensive measure of personality and reported their job title, annual income and job satisfaction; a subset of these participants (n = 302) provided the same information approximately 10 years later. Measured concurrently, emotionally stable and conscientious participants reported higher incomes and job satisfaction. Longitudinal analyses revealed that, among younger participants, higher income at baseline predicted decreases in Neuroticism and baseline Extraversion predicted increases in income across the 10 years. Results suggest that the mutual influence of career success and personality is limited to income and occurs early in the career. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probabilistic Model for Syntactic and Semantic Dependency Parsing

This paper proposes a novel method to analyze syntactic dependencies and label semantic dependencies around both the verbal predicates and the nouns. In this method, a probabilistic model is designed to obtain a global optimal result. Moreover, a predicate identification model and a disambiguation model are proposed to label predicates and their senses. The experimental results obtained on the waj and brown test sets show that our system obtains 77% of labeled macro F1 score for the whole task, 84.47% of labeled attachment score for syntactic dependency task, and 69.45% of labeled F1 score for semantic dependency task.
Improving the Reliability of the Diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Civil Litigation

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has become one of the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders, although there is little evidence that PTSD can be reliably diagnosed using an unstructured clinical interview. There are reports, however, of reasonable agreement in the diagnosis of the disorder between clinicians using structured interviews. PTSD is unusual in the inclusion of a necessary cause for the disorder in the A, or stressor criteria, which can lead expert witnesses in civil cases to pre-empt the court by deciding the cause of the patients' condition. Removing the A criterion in the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-V, or at least excluding opinion about the A criterion from expert evidence, would separate the diagnosis of PTSD from judgements about its aetiology.
The RGYB color geometry

Background: The gamut of a color CRT is defined by its three primary colors, each produced by a phosphor/electron gun combination. Light from the primaries combines additively, so the color gamut is a subset of a three dimensional vector space [1]. With the primaries as basis vectors normalized to 1.0, the color gamut is a unit cube, known as the RGB color geometry, since the three primaries are usually red, green, and blue. User interaction via RGB is generally thought to be counterintuitive, and transformations of RGB, such as Smith's HSV geometry [10] which is derived from centuries old artists' models [2], are more popular. More recent color theories, based on psychophysical and physiological models of early visual processing, suggest that more intuitive geometries may be possible. The RGYB geometry is based on two recent discoveries about the human visual system. First, the three color signals from the cone receptors are organized into three opponent channels [1, 7]. A single achromatic channel indicates lightness or brightness. Two chromatic channels, red/green and yellow/blue, signal the chromatic quantities. Second, signals on the achromatic channel are easily distinguishable from signals on the chromatic ones [6]. Consequently, it is usual to represent colors as a set of surfaces of colors that vary in chromaticity, each at a different level of brightness. Examples are as diverse as CIE chromaticity coordinates, the CIELUV uniform color space, the Munsell color system, and computer graphics color spaces such as HSV and HLS [10, 12].
Myocardial Ischemia Detection Algorithm (MIDA): Automated echocardiography sequence analysis for diagnosis of heart muscle damage

A Myocardial Ischemia Detection Algorithm (MIDA) is presented that analyses echocardiography sequences automatically in order to detect the presence of heart muscle damage. MIDA involves an image enhancement, fuzzy multi resolution edge detection to obtain the heart wall boundaries, composite motion image creation using the heart wall boundaries, followed by statistical pattern recognition and classification to identify the heart wall abnormality. The performance of MIDA is assessed using 62 real patient data with both normal and abnormal conditions. The results indicate that MIDA can be used as an effective tool for automatically diagnosing Myocardial Ischemia.
Sewage Sludge-to-Power

This paper presents the results of modeled investigations of a developed sewage sludge (biosolids) plasma treatment complex. This includes a multistage plasma sewage gasifier, high-efficient heat recovery system, and power generation unit based on a gas engine. Investigations of the treatment complex efficiency are carried out, critical parameters of the process, including specific power consumptions for the own needs, are defined for operation on sewage sludge with 24.6% humidity. Obtained results are planned to be used for the plasma gasifier geometry optimization and further system prototyping.