Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simpler Linear Time Algorithm for Embedding Graphs into an Arbitrary Surface and the Genus of Graphs of Bounded Tree-Width

For every fixed surface S, orientable or non-orientable, and a given graph G, Mohar (STOC'96 and Siam J. Discrete Math. (1999)) described a linear time algorithm which yields either an embedding of G in S or a minor of G which is not embeddable in S and is minimal with this property. That algorithm, however, needs a lot of lemmas which spanned six additional papers. In this paper, we give a new linear time algorithm for the same problem. The advantages of our algorithm are the following: 1. The proof is considerably simpler: it needs only about 10 pages, and some results (with rather accessible proofs) from graph minors theory, while Mohar's original algorithm and its proof occupy more than 100 pages in total. 2. The hidden constant (depending on the genus g of the surface S) is much smaller. It is singly exponential in g, while it is doubly exponential in Mohar's algorithm. As a spinoff of our main result, we give another linear time algorithm, which is of independent interest. This algorithm computes the genus and constructs minimum genus embeddings of graphs of bounded tree-width. This resolves a conjecture by Neil Robertson and solves one of the most annoying long standing open question about complexity of algorithms on graphs of bounded tree-width.
P-selectin upregulation in bleomycin induced lung injury in rats: effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine

Background: A number of adhesion molecules are involved in the process of neutrophil infiltration into the lung. P-selectin is one of these neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion molecules. A study was undertaken to examine the involvement of P-selectin in the development of bleomycin induced inflammation and the ability of N-acetyl-l-cysteine to reduce the potential expression of this selectin in rats. Methods:N-acetyl-l-cysteine (3 mmol/kg po) was administered daily for seven days prior to bleomycin administration (2.5 U/kg). The kinetics of P-selectin expression and the effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine after bleomycin treatment were measured using radiolabelled antibodies. P-selectin localisation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and neutrophil infiltration was assessed by myeloperoxidase activity. Results: Bleomycin administration resulted in an upregulation of P-selectin at 1 hour, returning to baseline at 3 hours. Myeloperoxidase activity showed a significant increase at 6 hours after bleomycin administration that lasted for 3 days. N-acetyl-l-cysteine treatment completely prevented these increases. Conclusion: Upregulation of P-selectin in the lung is associated with neutrophil recruitment in response to bleomycin. The beneficial effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine on bleomycin induced lung injury may be explained in part by the prevention of neutrophil recruitment in the inflammatory stage of the disease.
Two-Dimensional vs. Three-Dimensional Clustering and Percolation in Fields of Overlapping Ellipsoids

Maximum depth-to-particle-dimension ratios in which systems can be treated as two-dimensional (2D) rather than three-dimensional (3D) systems in determining percolative properties have not been reported. This problem is of great technological significance. 3D solutions for percolation in even low-density systems pose much more intensive computational problems than their 2D analogs and also result in significantly different predictions for percolation onset. Moreover, many materials and sensing applications require analysis of domains of finite thickness. Adequate loading of particles is required, e.g., in electrodes in advanced batteries and fuel cells to ensure good conductivity. Adequate deployment of sensors into fields of finite thickness such as oblate, neuronal cells is required, e.g., to detect specific ions. A systematic determination of the effect of these arrangements on percolation properties is needed for both applications. Here, we provide comparisons of cluster sizes, densities, and percolation points among monodisperse, 2D and 3D systems of overlapping ellipsoids by systematically increasing the depth of the 3D system relative to particle dimensions. We investigate the effect of several boundary condition assumptions on the resulting particle orientations, emphasizing the probability of formation of large clusters. A method of experimental determination of percolation onset is also suggested, using the maximum change in cluster size.
The psychological features of patellofemoral pain: a systematic review

Background Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is prevalent in adolescence and adulthood and often persists. In contrast to other persistent musculoskeletal conditions, for which non-physical, psychological features are implicated, PFP remains largely conceptualised in mechanical terms. Aims To (1) identify whether the psychological characteristics of individuals with PFP differs from asymptomatic controls and (2) evaluate the correlations between psychological characteristics and PFP severity. Study design Systematic review Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The Epidemiological Appraisal Instrument was used to evaluate quality. Studies measuring psychological constructs with patient-reported measures were included. Standardised mean differences were calculated and supported by narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-five studies were eligible. Quality results ranged from 28.3% to 61.7%. Psychological constructs were reported under four groupings: mental health, cognitive factors, behavioural factors and other factors. There is limited evidence of mental health and cognitive differences in some individuals with PFP. Features demonstrating linear correlations with pain and physical function included anxiety/depression, catastrophising, praying and hoping and pain-related fear. Conclusions Anxiety, depression, catastrophising and fear of movement may be elevated in individuals with PFP and correlate with pain and reduced physical function. These results derive from a limited number of studies. Future research should aim to evaluate if and how psychological factors contribute to PFP. Clinical relevance Patients are likely to benefit from clinician vigilance to the presence of psychological factors.
An Incremental Timing-Driven flow using quadratic formulation for detailed placement

In this work, we present a flow for the Incremental Timing-Driven Placement problem. Given a legal placement, the aim is to reduce the circuit's timing violations without changing significantly the cell density, subject to a maximum displacement constraint. Our flow consists of two core steps: useful clock skew optimization and critical path fine tuning. During useful clock skew optimization, sequential cells are replaced, seeking to minimize clock skew. After that, a quadratic formulation is used to further reduce critical path delays. An incremental legalization tool is also presented, which supports the methods developed in this work. Our Incremental Timing-Driven Placement flow can achieve, on average, 0.3%, 26.2%, 8.7% and 23.7% of the normalized quality score improvement compared to state-of-the-art algorithms.
Spatially pre-processed target-to-jammer ratio Weighted wiener filter using two microphones

In this paper, a speech enhancement algorithm using a two-channel microphone array is presented. The algorithm utilizes the target-to-jammer ratio (TJR) to determine the Wiener filter approximation. The noise in the resulting signal is further reduced, especially under a low SNR situation, using a postfilter-like method. The approximated magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) function for reverberant environments is also used to decide the reduction rate since two microphones provide limited spatial information at low frequencies. The performance of the proposed algorithm is accessed through experiments using real dual-channel recordings. The experimental results demonstrate the usefulness and superiority of the proposed method compared to other generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) based algorithms using speech quality indices.
Integrated IMR for psychiatric and general medical illness for adults aged 50 or older with serious mental illness.

OBJECTIVES Self-management is promoted as a strategy for improving outcomes for serious mental illness as well as for chronic general medical conditions. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of an eight-month program combining training in self-management for both psychiatric and general medical illness, including embedded nurse care management. METHODS Participants were 71 middle-aged and older adults (mean age=60.3 ± 6.5) with serious mental illness and chronic general medical conditions who were randomly assigned to receive integrated Illness Management and Recovery (I-IMR) (N=36) or usual care (N=35). Feasibility was determined by attendance at I-IMR and nurse sessions. Effectiveness outcomes were measured two and six months after the intervention (ten- and 14-month follow-ups) and included self-management of psychiatric and general medical illness, participation in psychiatric and general medical encounters, and self-reported acute health care utilization. RESULTS I-IMR participants attended 15.8 ± 9.5 I-IMR and 8.2 ± 5.9 nurse sessions, with 75% attending at least ten I-IMR and five nurse sessions. Compared with usual care, I-IMR was associated with greater improvements in participant and clinician ratings for psychiatric illness self-management, greater diabetes self-management, and an increased preference for detailed diagnosis and treatment information during primary care encounters. The proportion of I-IMR participants with at least one psychiatric or general medical hospitalization decreased significantly between baseline and ten- and 14-month follow-ups. CONCLUSIONS I-IMR is a feasible intervention for this at-risk group and demonstrated potential effectiveness by improving self-management of psychiatric illness and diabetes and by reducing the proportion of participants requiring psychiatric or general medical hospitalizations.
Physical volcanology of a subglacial-to-emergent rhyolitic tuya at Rauðufossafjöll, Torfajökull, Iceland

Abstract This paper presents the first modern volcanological study of a subglacial-to-emergent rhyolite tuya, at SE Rauðufossafjöll, Torfajökull, Iceland. A flat-topped edifice with a volume of c. 1 km3 was emplaced in Upper Pleistocene time beneath a glacier >350m thick. Although it shares morphological characteristics with basaltic tuyas, the lithofacies indicate a very different eruption mechanism. Field observations suggest that the eruption began with vigorous phreatomagmatic explosions within a well-drained ice vault, building a pile of unbedded ash up to 300m thick. This was followed by a subaerial effusive phase, in which compound lava flows were emplaced within ice cauldrons. Small-volume effusive eruptions on the volcano flanks created several lava bodies, with a variety of features (columnar-jointed sides, subaerial tops, peperitic bases) that are used to reconstruct spatially-heterogeneous patterns of volcano-ice interaction. Volcaniclastic sediments exposed in a stream section provide evidence for channelised meltwater drainage and fluctuating depositional processes during the eruption. Models are developed for the evolution of SE Rauðufossafjöll, and the differences between subglacial rhyolitic and basaltic eruption mechanisms, which are principally caused by contrasting hydrological patterns, are discussed.
Observations of neutral circulation at mid‐latitudes during the Equinox Transition Study

Measurements of ion drift velocity made by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar have been used to calculate the meridional neutral wind velocity during the September 17–24, 1984, period. Strong daytime southward neutral surges were observed during the magnetically disturbed days of September 19 and 23, in contrast to the small daytime winds observed as expected during the magnetically quiet days. The surge on September 19 was also seen at Arecibo. In addition, two approaches have been used to calculate the meridional wind component from the radar-derived height of the F layer electron density peak (hmF2). Results confirm the wind surges, particularly when the strong electric fields measured during the disturbed days are included in the calculations. The magnitudes of the surges are uncertain, however, due to the poorly known O+, O collision cross section and neutral composition. The two approaches for the F layer peak wind calculations are applied to the radar-derived hmF2 as a function of latitude to reveal the large north-south extent as well as the temporal variation of the southward daytime surges.
5-[(E)-Benzylidene]-2-hydroxy-10-methyl-8-phenyl-3,10-diazahexacyclo[10.7.1.13,7.02,11.07,11.016,20]henicosa-1(19),12(20),13,15,17-pentaen-6-one ethanol 0.25-solvate 0.6-hydrate

In the title compound, C33H28N2O2·0.25C2H6O·0.6H2O, the piperidone ring adopts a chair conformation and the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the two phenyl rings is 70.83 (16)°. One of the N atoms of the organic molecule is disordered over two positions in a 0.52 (4):0.48 (4) ratio and the two solvent molecules are partially occupied and show high displacement parameters. In the crystal, molecules are connected by intermolecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.
Conceptual, communicative and pragmatic aspects of interaction forms-rich interaction model for collaborative virtual environments

This paper provides a form-oriented description and applicable model of interaction in the context of collaborative virtual environments (CVE). The construction and the main categories of the conceptual interaction form model are described through examples and previous work The evaluation and validation of the model is illustrated by delineating the research process conducted by the author. Furthermore, the benefits and limitations of the model are discussed in the light of CVE analysis and design.
Blueschist facies metamorphism of peralkaline rhyolites from the Tenda crystalline massif (northern Corsica): evidence for involvement in the Alpine subduction event?

The Tenda crystalline massif (northern Corsica) is a fragment of the western Corsica basement involved in the Alpine orogeny. Rhyolite dykes crosscutting the gabbroic complex of Bocca di Tenda (southern sector of the Tenda crystalline massif) show an unusual metamorphic mineral assemblage, defined by jadeite‐bearing (up to 46 mol percentage) aegirine, riebeckite, celadonite‐rich phengite (Si=3.50–3.65 apfu), quartz, albite and K‐feldspar. Jadeite‐bearing aegirine and riebeckite mostly occur as coronas around jadeite‐free aegirine and arfvedsonite, respectively, which both are relics of igneous origin. This metamorphic assemblage reflects the peralkaline compositions, which are characterised by anomalously high contents of SiO2 and Na2O, and negligible CaO and MgO. The evolved rocks of the gabbroic sequence (quartz‐diorites to tonalites) and the surrounding granitoids are characterised by the development of riebeckite/ferroglaucophane, epidote, celadonite‐rich phengite and albite, thus pointing to a metamorphic crystallization in the epidote‐blueschist facies. In all the studied rocks, metamorphic reactions were controlled by fluid‐assisted mass‐transfer through grain boundaries and microfractures. The different mineral assemblages allow the peak P–T metamorphic conditions to be constrained to between 0.8 GPa/300 °C and 1.1 GPa/500 °C. These estimates attest to a geothermal gradient (dT/dP) of 10–13 °C km−1 and indicate that the Tenda crystalline massif was buried to a minimum depth of 27 km during the Alpine orogeny. The blueschist facies recrystallization in the Tenda crystalline massif has been related to the cessation of an eastward‐dipping subduction event.
Finite-State Description of Vietnamese Reduplication

We present for the first time a computational model for the reduplication of the Vietnamese language. Reduplication is a popular phenomenon of Vietnamese in which reduplicative words are created by the combination of multiple syllables whose phonics are similar. We first give a systematical study of Vietnamese reduplicative words, bringing into focus clear principles for the formation of a large class of bi-syllabic reduplicative words. We then make use of optimal finite-state devices, in particular minimal sequential string-to string transducers to build a computational model for very efficient recognition and production of those words. Finally, several nice applications of this computational model are discussed.
Oxygen Mediates Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation in Hypoxia

The activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) by nitric oxide (NO) and other ligands has been extensively investigated for many years. In the present study we considered the effect of molecular oxygen (O2) on sGC both as a direct ligand and its affect on other ligands by measuring cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production, as an index of activity, as well as investigating smooth muscle relaxation under hypoxic conditions. Our isolated enzyme studies confirm the function of sGC is impaired under hypoxic conditions and produces cGMP in the presence of O2, importantly in the absence of NO. We also show that while O2 could partially affect the magnitude of sGC stimulation by NO when the latter was present in excess, activation by the NO independent, haem-dependent sGC stimulator 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) was unaffected. Our in vitro investigation of smooth muscle relaxation confirmed that O2 alone in the form of a buffer bolus (equilibrated at 95% O2/5% CO2) had the ability to dilate vessels under hypoxic conditions and that this was dependent upon sGC and independent of eNOS. Our studies confirm that O2 can be a direct and important mediator of vasodilation through an increase in cGMP production. In the wider context, these observations are key to understanding the relative roles of O2 versus NO-induced sGC activation.
Latitudinal selectivity of foraminifer extinctions during the late Guadalupian crisis

Abstract A global database of middle–upper Permian foraminiferal genera has been compiled from the literature for 75 Guadalupian and 62 Lopingian localities, grouped into 32 and 19 operational geographical units respectively. Cluster analysis reveals that five distinct Guadalupian provinces were reduced to four in the Lopingian, following the disappearance of the Eastern Panthalassa Province. Extinction magnitudes across the Guadalupian/Lopingian (G/L) boundary reveal that, in the remaining provinces, there is a strong regional variation to the losses at low paleolatitudes. The Central and Western Tethys Province experienced a markedly lower extinction magnitude, at both provincial and global levels, than the Eastern and Northern Tethys Province. Panthalassa experienced a high extinction magnitude of endemics, but a global extinction magnitude similar to that recorded in Central and Western Tethys. This regional bias is seen in both the fusulinacean and non-fusulinacean foraminifera, although fusulinaceans suffered much higher magnitudes of extinction. The regional selectivity also persisted during the subsequent Lopingian radiations, with the Central and Western Tethys Province recording the greatest magnitudes. Thus, of 35 new genera recorded globally from the Lopingian, 27 of these are recorded in Central and Western Tethys, compared to five and 12 genera respectively in Panthalassa and in Eastern and Northern Tethys. The Emeishan large igneous province erupted within the Eastern and Northern Tethys Province and may have been a factor in the high extinction–low radiation regime of this region. Regression (and consequent shallow-marine habitat loss) also appears to have been a significant factor. A major, but brief, late Guadalupian regression is best seen in those areas that suffered the greatest extinction losses.
A monte-carlo floating-point unit for self-validating arithmetic

Monte-Carlo arithmetic is a form of self-validating arithmetic that accounts for the effect of rounding errors. We have implemented a floating point unit that can perform either IEEE 754 or Monte-Carlo floating point computation, allowing hardware accelerated validation of results during execution. Experiments show that our approach has a modest hardware overhead and allows the propagation of rounding error to be accurately estimated.
Bayesian nonlinear model selection and neural networks: a conjugate prior approach

In order to select the best predictive neural-network architecture in a set of several candidate networks, we propose a general Bayesian nonlinear regression model comparison procedure, based on the maximization of an expected utility criterion. This criterion selects the model under which the training set achieves the highest level of internal consistency, through the predictive probability distribution of each model. The density of this distribution is computed as the model posterior predictive density and is asymptotically approximated from the assumed Gaussian likelihood of the data set and the related conjugate prior density of the parameters. The use of such a conjugate prior allows the analytic calculation of the parameter posterior and predictive posterior densities, in an empirical-Bayes-like approach. This Bayesian selection procedure allows us to compare general nonlinear regression models and in particular feedforward neural networks, in addition to embedded models as usual with asymptotic comparison tests.
Catch the Black Sheep: Unified Framework for Shilling Attack Detection Based on Fraudulent Action Propagation

Many e-commerce systems allow users to express their opinions towards products through user reviews systems. The user generated reviews not only help other users to gain a more insightful view of the products, but also help online businesses to make targeted improvements on the products or services. Besides, they compose the key component of various personalized recommender systems. However, the existence of spam user accounts in the review systems introduce unfavourable disturbances into personalized recommendation by promoting or degrading targeted items intentionally through fraudulent reviews. Previous shilling attack detection algorithms usually deal with a specific kind of attacking strategy, and are exhausted to handle with the continuously emerging new cheating methods. In this work, we propose to conduct shilling attack detection for more informed recommendation by fraudulent action propagation on the reviews themselves, without caring about the specific underlying cheating strategy, which allows us a unified and flexible framework to detect the spam users.
Almannarómur: an open icelandic speech corpus

The purpose of the Almannaromur project is collecting data for a speech corpus (database) for Icelandic. Its main aim is creating an open source speech project to enable research and development for Icelandic language technology. The database is particularly suitable for acoustic modelling for speech recognition but it could also be used for other purposes, such as to develop a speaker recognition system or to analyze prosody. The project is run by Reykjavik University and the Icelandic Centre for Language Technology in cooperation with Google who provided technical support. The number of participants achieved in this effort was 563, providing, on average, around 219 read sentences each. This paper gives a short introduction to Icelandic language technology, describes how the text corpus was constructed for the database, and presents how the recording effort was organized as well as its main results.
Monitoring and modelling of pore water pressure changes and riverbank stability during flow events

Pore water pressures (positive and negative) were monitored for four years (1996–1999) using a series of tensiometer‐piezometers at increasing depths in a riverbank of the Sieve River, Tuscany (central Italy), with the overall objective of investigating pore pressure changes in response to ﬂow events and their effects on bank stability.