Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nonessential Sequences, Genes, and the Polytene Chromosome Bands of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

From earlier work, there appears to be an underlying one-to-one correspondence of polytene chromosome bands and complementation groups within a sizeable, continuous X-chromosome segment, 3A1-3C7 ( Judd, Shen and Kaufman 1972; Lefevre and Green 1972). However, most of the data supporting this one-to-one relation of bands and genes were gathered from mutants that upset vital functional units, thus leading to lethality. Among this series of mutants, only four loci, zeste, white, roughest and verticals, have no known lethal alleles. If phenotypic changes less drastic than lethality result from the loss of other chromosomal segments, they probably would not have been recognized in the earlier studies. -We report here some chromosomal sequences localized in 3A, 3B, and 3C whose loss effects no lethal change in the development of the animal. A portion of the 3A3-3A4 region can be disrupted in a nonlethal fashion, yet this sequence does not seem to be a part of either the zeste locus or l(1)zw1, which are known to be located in these bands. Two more complementation groups have been discovered that have no lethal alleles and map to 3B4-3B6; a third falls within 3B1-2. The loss of a sequence in 3C2-3 is tolerated without any genetically observable effect. Between 3C7 and the boundary of 3D there is at least one more sequence that behaves in this manner. -The discovery of these units, which are not allelic to any of the loci previously known, makes it clear that division 3B contains more genes (i.e., complementation groups) than polytene chromosome bands, while portions of 3A and 3C seem to have no functional significance. Accordingly many polytene chromosome bands may be composites of several complementing functional units. This investigation also indicates that there are chromosomal segments that are seemingly dispensible and thus function in a manner that is difficult or impossible to define with available methods.
Foreign Direct Investment and International Migration

This study explores the impact of macro-level processes of the global economy on international migration. The authors utilize a cross-national panel regression analysis to examine the effect of foreign direct investment on the level of emigration from 25 less-developed countries between 1985 and 2000. The findings indicate that the stock of foreign direct investment increases net emigration over time, while trade integration lessens these movements. The level of economic development exerts no independent effect on out-migration once other factors are controlled. The results are discussed in the context of contemporary development and migration theories.
Enhanced versus Traditional Indexation for International Mutual Funds: Evaluating DFA, WisdomTree and RAFI Powershares

Do enhanced index funds beat traditional ones? The major companies that offer the new enhanced index international mutual funds are Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA), RAFI, and WisdomTree. A major provider of traditional international index funds is DFA. We compare various enhanced international index fund portfolios from these providers with individualized benchmark portfolios composed of DFA traditional international funds. On average, (1) the RAFI power share portfolio out-returned its corresponding DFA traditional benchmark portfolio by 0.82%/year, (2) the average DFA enhanced portfolio under-returned by 0.14%/year, and (3) the WisdomTree portfolio under-returned by 1.01%/year. One cheer for enhanced international indexation and two for traditional indexation.
Multiparameter MR Imaging in the 6-OPRI Variant of Inherited Prion Disease

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Inherited prion diseases represent over 15% of human prion cases and are a frequent cause of early onset dementia. The purpose of this study was to define the distribution of changes in cerebral volumetric and microstructural parenchymal tissues in a specific inherited human prion disease mutation combining VBM with VBA of cerebral MTR and MD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: VBM and VBA of cerebral MTR and MD were performed in 16 healthy control participants and 9 patients with the 6-OPRI mutation. An analysis of covariance consisting of diagnostic grouping with age and total intracranial volume as covariates was performed. RESULTS: On VBM, there was a significant reduction in gray matter volume in patients compared with control participants in the basal ganglia, perisylvian cortex, lingual gyrus, and precuneus. Significant MTR reduction and MD increases were more anatomically extensive than volume differences on VBM in the same cortical areas, but MTR and MD changes were not seen in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS: Gray matter and WM changes were seen in brain areas associated with motor and cognitive functions known to be impaired in patients with the 6-OPRI mutation. There were some differences in the anatomic distribution of MTR-VBA and MD-VBA changes compared with VBM, likely to reflect regional variations in the type and degree of the respective pathophysiologic substrates. Combined analysis of complementary multiparameter MR imaging data furthers our understanding of prion disease pathophysiology.
On the Sources of Consumer Boycotts Ineffectiveness

This article investigates weaknesses of consumer boycotts. First, usual shortcomings of collective action, such as coordination failure and free riding, reduce considerably the success likelihood. Second, consumers with the highest ability to hurt the targeted firm’s profit also have the highest opportunity cost of boycotting. Thus, they are less likely to participate in the boycott. Conversely, the most involved consumers have high environmental preferences and small amounts of consumption, which prevent them from hurting the firm’s profit enough.
THE QUANTITATIVE GENETICS OF INCIPIENT SPECIATION: HERITABILITY AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS OF SKELETAL TRAITS IN POPULATIONS OF DIVERGING FAVIA FRAGUM ECOMORPHS

Recent speciation events provide potential opportunities to understand the microevolution of reproductive isolation. We used a marker‐based approach and a common garden to estimate the additive genetic variation in skeletal traits in a system of two ecomorphs within the coral species Favia fragum: a Tall ecomorph that is a seagrass specialist, and a Short ecomorph that is most abundant on coral reefs. Considering both ecomorphs, we found significant narrow‐sense heritability (h2) in a suite of measurements that define corallite architecture, and could partition additive and nonadditive variation for some traits. We found positive genetic correlations for homologous height and length measurements among different types of vertical plates (costosepta) within corallites, but negative correlations between height and length within, as well as between costosepta. Within ecomorphs, h2 estimates were generally lower, compared to the combined ecomorph analysis. Marker‐based estimates of h2 were comparable to broad‐sense heritability (H) obtained from parent–offspring regressions in a common garden for most traits, and similar genetic co‐variance matrices for common garden and wild populations may indicate relatively small G × E interactions. The patterns of additive genetic variation in this system invite hypotheses of divergent selection or genetic drift as potential evolutionary drivers of reproductive isolation.
'It was not chest pain really, I can't explain it!' An exploratory study on the nature of symptoms experienced by women during their myocardial infarction.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study sought to explore the presenting nature of cardiac symptoms as experienced by women diagnosed with a myocardial infarction. The objectives were to use the participants' own words to gain a detailed understanding of how they perceived their evolving symptoms. BACKGROUND Women with coronary heart disease tend to delay seeking help despite experiencing symptoms. The classic hallmarks used to diagnose a myocardial infarction have been based on research primarily involving white middle-aged men with a focus on specific descriptions of chest pain. Whether these hallmarks apply to women in the same way as they apply to men is an area of increasing contention. DESIGN Using a purposive sample, a qualitative design was used to investigate the nature of cardiac symptoms experienced by women prior to and at the time of their myocardial infarction. METHOD Twelve women participated in semi-structured in-depth tape-recorded interviews conducted while they were in hospital. RESULTS Three interlinking themes emerged, which reflect a changing dynamic status in health, mediated by the perceived threat of individual symptoms. These included gradual awareness, not having pain in the chest and reactions to symptoms. CONCLUSIONS It would appear that symptom presentation and distribution amongst women may not follow the pattern traditionally associated with current understanding of a 'typical' myocardial infarction. These differences together with perceptions about their cardiac symptoms may influence their health-seeking behaviours. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Women with a myocardial infarction may present with non-specific chest symptoms, which are difficult to interpret or recognize by patients and health professionals alike. Skill in recording history and in performing a comprehensive assessment of initial and current symptoms will enable nurses to identify women with a differential diagnosis of chest pain readily. Additionally, to increase awareness of coronary heart disease, nurses must use any opportunity to educate women of all age groups.
Activity-based Travel Demand Model with Time-use and Microsimulation incorporating Intra-household Interactions

The activity-based travel demand model recognizes that travel is derived from the demand for activity participation distributed in space and time. The focus on intrahousehold interactions and linkages between peopleâ€™s behavior and social and physical environment has been identified as emerging features of the activity-based approach that would be important to travel behavior research. The dissertation is dedicated to an indepth exploration of the within-household interactions by theoretical specification and empirical development of the household activity time allocation models based on a utility maximization framework with the household as the unit of analysis. Furthermore, the dissertation also aims to propose a model of the household activity scheduling process primarily focusing on task allocation mechanisms on the basis of the human agents adjusting themselves to the built social and physical environment. Development of the activity time allocation model in this dissertation includes two types of structural time allocation models. First, the collective models based on two assumptions that household heads have their own utility functions and that decisions by them reach Pareto-efficient outcomes are introduced to develop intra-household activity time allocation models for leisure demand and housework activity. Secondly, intrahousehold time allocation to housework activity is further examined through the estimation of time allocation to the different types of activities by the different types of household members along with extensive exploration of various theories and identification of related interactions. This dissertation proposes a household activity scheduling process with a model design based on a weekly pattern system, which is expected to keep various advantages compared to a deterministic daily model system. Along with learning and adaptation procedures, the human being as a learning agent is designed to prepare strategic schedules of behavior to achieve individual goals through interactive environments, and implement those plans via activity execution. At the household level, the household and its members as decision agents are also designed to optimize the allocation of the available household labor resource under the presence of the uncertainties of the physical and social environments. After describing the mathematical framework and solution procedure, a simulation experiment is conducted within a hypothetical environment to demonstrate how the proposed model works.
HEME OXYGENASE 1 PROTECTS AGAINST HEPATIC HYPOXIA AND INJURY FROM HEMORRHAGE VIA REGULATION OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an important regulator of the cellular response to stress and inflammation. These investigations test the hypothesis that HO-1 overexpression protects against hemorrhage-induced hypoxia by regulating cellular respiration and oxygen availability. Male C57BL/6 mice or primary mouse hepatocytes were treated with adenoviral gene transfer of HO-1 (AdHO-1) or &bgr;-galactosidase (AdLacZ). Mice were subjected to hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation or cannulation without hemorrhage. AdHO-1 prevented hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation-induced liver injury. In addition, AdHO-1 prevented hemorrhage-induced liver hypoxia and depletion of adenosine triphosphate. In vitro, HO-1 overexpression resulted in decreased cellular respiration under hypoxic conditions as determined by oxygen consumption and cytochrome c oxidase activity. This resulted in increased intracellular oxygen levels in the setting of low oxygen tensions. In conclusion, HO-1 overexpression protects the liver against hemorrhage-induced injury. This may be secondary to the ability of HO-1 to protect against bioenergetic failure via regulation of cellular respiration.
Creating Organizational Learning and Change Using Bolman's and Deal's Four Frames of Organizations

Some common expectations of chapter productivity include the fraternity/sorority community’s or campus fraternity/sorority advisor’s and/or administrators’ expectations regarding academic performance, community service, membership recruitment and chapter growth. Expectations may also include suggestions about the number and type of educational programs attended, etc. Campus, community and inter/national organization expectations regarding behavioral accountability are also consistently increasing. Not only are chapters expected to just follow a set of rules, they are expected to understand and provide training on crisis management, risk management and related legal concepts of negligence and liability to name a few. Few would disagree that as fraternities and sororities are seemingly under increasing scrutiny, our roles as advisors, alumni, and university allies are also constantly changing. Whether external or internal, an expectation to effectively respond to and provide training on a vast majority of issues exists. This article aims to begin a thought process that can lead to creating organizational learning and change using Bolman’s and Deal’s (1997) four frames of organizational structure. It examines the chapter of the undergraduate fraternity and sorority through the four organizational frames presented by Bolman and Deal in Reframing Organizations (1997) and provides suggestions for real practices and examples for implementation that are based on a methodological approach, rather than the classic student and leadership development approach. It is with this idea in mind: if undergraduate fraternal leaders are increasingly being expected to approach their leadership positions from a professional, adult, and accountable standpoint, why not try teaching them to look at their leadership and at their organizations in a parallel manner?
A Quantitative Model of Tumor-induced Angiogenesis in the Nude Mouse

OBJECTIVE:Novel animal models allowing for the quantification of tumor-induced angiogenesis and cell migration may offer significant insight into the characterization and multidisciplinary treatment of brain tumors. In this study, we seek to establish such a model in tumor-bearing brain, allowing for a clear demarcation of primary and satellite tumor tissue in conjunction with precise quantification of cerebral microvasculature. METHODS:We used green fluorescent protein–transfected 9L-gliosarcoma cells stereotactically injected into the brain parenchyma of nude mice perfused with tetramethylrhodamine-dextran immediately before they were killed. New three-dimensional analytical software developed in our laboratory provided a quantitative analysis of laser-scanning confocal microscopy images of dextran-labeled cerebral microvessels. RESULTS:Our data confirm significant angiogenesis in tumor and brain adjacent to tumor. CONCLUSION:Because these highly infiltrative malignant brain tumors interdigitate with normal brain parenchyma through finger-like projections at the periphery of the solid tumor boundary, therapeutic options targeting tumor blood flow—combined with novel three-dimensional imaging to localize and track such interventions—may offer new hope for glioma management. To our knowledge, this system represents the first animal brain tumor model allowing for the precise colocalization and quantification of angiogenesis and tumor cell invasion, which may play an important role in the development of future therapy for brain tumors.
High Stock Returns before Holidays: Existence and Evidence on Possible Causes

On the trading day prior to holidays, stocks advance with disproportionate frequency and show high mean returns averaging nine to fourteen times the mean return for the remaining days of the year. Over one third of the total return accruing to the market portfolio over the 1963-82 period was earned on the eight trading days that fall before holiday market closings each year. Examination of hourly preholiday stock returns reveals high returns throughout the day. Preholiday stock returns in the posttest 1983-86 period are also examined. Copyright 1990 by American Finance Association.
Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Turkey-Iran Bilateral Trade

After the post-war Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates collapsed in 1973, the relative prices of currencies began to fluctuate and exchange rates became so instable. In this research we have examined the factors affecting (GDP of two countries, exchange rate volatility and relative prices) on bilateral trade between Turkey–Iran using VAR approaches for annual data from 1980 to 2009. After determining the optimal lags for the VAR model, models estimating showed that Iran’ GDP has a significant positive impact on bilateral exports of Turkey and Iran. Also this case is true for the impact of on Turkish GDP on imports. Relative prices have no significant effect on exports and imports and in last, exchange rate volatility have a significant positive impact on bilateral export and import functions, so that the elasticity of exchange rate volatility of Turkish Lira to Iranian Rial on bilateral export and import are 0.003 and 0.002 respectively.
Transfer, Control, and Automatic Processing in a Complex Motor Task: An Examination of Bounce Juggling

The authors evaluated the hypothesis that controlled and automatic processes are opposite ends of a continuum of learning (e.g., R. M. Shiffrin & W. Schneider, 1977) vs. an alternative, concurrent emergence hypothesis (e.g., J. M. Bebko et al., 2003; G. Logan, 1989). The authors also measured potential positive transfer effects of learning from one motor task to another. Four experienced cascade jugglers and 5 novices learned to bounce juggle, practicing regularly for 5 weeks. The experienced jugglers showed positive transfer of learning, maintaining a lead of approximately 6-10 days over the novices, even as both groups automatized the new skill. Measures of automatic and controlled processing were positively correlated, indicating that those processes emerge concurrently. The authors present a model in which controlled and automatic processes emerge orthogonally.
Self‐reporting compared to motion monitor in the measurement of physical activity during pregnancy

Most pregnancy‐studies have relied on retrospective, cross‐sectional surveys to measure physical activity level. Questionnaires are cost‐effective, but validity of the data may be questionable. Objective. The aim of the present study was to validate a physical activity and pregnancy questionnaire (PAPQ) with a portable activity monitor (ActiReg®). Design. Prospective comparison study. Setting. Healthy pregnant women recruited in a capital area. Population. Seventy‐seven pregnant women wore the ActiReg® sensors during waking hours for seven consecutive days and answered the PAPQ. Main outcome measures. Agreement between the two methods was analyzed by Bland–Altman plots and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results. The results indicated only small differences between the PAPQ and the ActiReg® in cross‐tabulation of total physical activity level and proportion of participants meeting the current exercise guidelines. The correlation between the methods was good (r = 0.59) for time spent in activities with high intensity (METS > 6), moderate for time spent standing/moving (r = 0.36) and fair for sitting/lying (r = 0.29). The Bland–Altman plot of the activity patterns, showed a mean difference near zero with no apparent trends and wide scatter of individual observations. Conclusions. The PAPQ may be considered an acceptable method for assessing habitual physical activity and exercise among pregnant women at group level. However, as questionnaires and portable activity monitors have their strengths in measuring different aspects of physical activity, there may be advantages in combining these two types of instruments for registrations of physical activity level during pregnancy.
Plant protection by the recombinant, root‐colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens F113rifPCB strain expressing arsenic resistance: improving rhizoremediation

Aims: The present study was designed to evaluate the stable insertion and expression of an arsenic resistance operon in the rhizosphere competent, PCB degrading strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113rifPCB (F113rifPCB) and to investigate its ability to protect plants from arsenic.
A Novel Method for the Development of an Idealised Active Roll Stabilisation System Model

A target-oriented conceptual process for the layout of vehicle-control systems leads to efficient product development. Enabling a target-oriented layout, a functional system description is necessary to define the system requirements, e.g., a maximum system torque or a defined minimum time constant. This paper introduces a novel approach to a systematic development of functional models for the quantification of the vehicle-control system requirements. The potential of the method is verified by applying it to the active roll stabilisation system (ARS).
Costly Distortion of Information in Agency Problems

Anecdotal evidence suggests that agents often spend resources distorting information transmitted to principals. We present a model where costly information distortion emerges as equilibrium behavior. The information structure we focus on is intermediate between (and encompasses) the cases of private information and public information: the agent can falsify the privately observed state at some cost. Although the principal can design contracts that induce no falsification, these may involve excessive iinformation rents: falsification can be beneficial in spite of the waste of resources involved, because it helps reduce information rents. We examine how optimal contract and equilibrium payoffs change as the information structure ranges from private to public information.