Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transmit Precoding for Interference Exploitation in the Underlay Cognitive Radio Z-channel

This paper introduces novel transmit precoding approaches for the cognitive radio (CR) Z-channel. The proposed transmission schemes exploit noncausal information about the interference at the secondary base station to redesign the CR precoding optimization problem. This is done with the objective to improve the quality of service (QoS) of secondary users by taking advantage of constructive interference in the secondary link. The precoders are designed to minimize the worst secondary user's symbol error probability (SEP) under constraints on the instantaneous total transmit power, and the power of the instantaneous interference in the primary link. The problem is formulated as a bivariate probabilistic constrained programming (BPCP) problem. We show that the BPCP problem can be transformed for practical SEPs into a convex optimization problem that can be solved, for example, by the barrier method. A computationally efficient tight approximate approach is also developed to compute the near-optimal solutions. Simulation results and analysis show that the average computational complexity per downlink frame of the proposed approximate problem is comparable to that of the conventional CR downlink beamforming problem. In addition, both the proposed methods offer significant performance improvements as compared to the conventional CR downlink beamforming, while guaranteeing the QoS of primary users on an instantaneous basis, in contrast to the average QoS guarantees of conventional beamformers.
An item response curves analysis of the Force Concept Inventory

Several years ago, we introduced the idea of item response curves (IRC), a simplistic form of item response theory (IRT), to the physics education research community as a way to examine item performance on diagnostic instruments such as the Force Concept Inventory (FCI). We noted that a full-blown analysis using IRT would be a next logical step, which several authors have since taken. In this paper, we show that our simple approach not only yields similar conclusions in the analysis of the performance of items on the FCI to the more sophisticated and complex IRT analyses but also permits additional insights by characterizing both the correct and incorrect answer choices. Our IRC approach can be applied to a variety of multiple-choice assessments but, as applied to a carefully designed instrument such as the FCI, allows us to probe student understanding as a function of ability level through an examination of each answer choice. We imagine that physics teachers could use IRC analysis to identify prominent misconceptions and tailor their instruction to combat those misconceptions, fulfilling the FCI authors’ original intentions for its use. Furthermore, the IRC analysis can assist test designers to improve their assessments by identifying nonfunctioning distractors that can be replaced with distractors attractive to students at various ability levels.
A Bayesian Framework for Figure-Ground Interpretation

Figure/ground assignment, in which the visual image is divided into nearer (figural) and farther (ground) surfaces, is an essential step in visual processing, but its underlying computational mechanisms are poorly understood. Figural assignment (often referred to as border ownership) can vary along a contour, suggesting a spatially distributed process whereby local and global cues are combined to yield local estimates of border ownership. In this paper we model figure/ground estimation in a Bayesian belief network, attempting to capture the propagation of border ownership across the image as local cues (contour curvature and T-junctions) interact with more global cues to yield a figure/ground assignment. Our network includes as a nonlocal factor skeletal (medial axis) structure, under the hypothesis that medial structure "draws" border ownership so that borders are owned by the skeletal hypothesis that best explains them. We also briefly present a psychophysical experiment in which we measured local border ownership along a contour at various distances from an inducing cue (a T-junction). Both the human subjects and the network show similar patterns of performance, converging rapidly to a similar pattern of spatial variation in border ownership along contours.
Literature Review Of Attribute Level And Structure Level Data Linkage Techniques

Data Linkage is an important step that can provide valuable insights for evidence-based decision making, especially for crucial events. Performing sensible queries across heterogeneous databases containing millions of records is a complex task that requires a complete understanding of each contributing databases schema to define the structure of its information. The key aim is to approximate the structure and content of the induced data into a concise synopsis in order to extract and link meaningful data-driven facts. We identify such problems as four major research issues in Data Linkage: associated costs in pair-wise matching, record matching overheads, semantic flow of information restrictions, and single order classification limitations. In this paper, we give a literature review of research in Data Linkage. The purpose for this review is to establish a basic understanding of Data Linkage, and to discuss the background in the Data Linkage research domain. Particularly, we focus on the literature related to the recent advancements in Approximate Matching algorithms at Attribute Level and Structure Level. Their efficiency, functionality and limitations are critically analysed and open-ended problems have been exposed.
Best First Over-Sampling for Multilabel Classification

Learning from imbalanced multilabel data is a challenging task. It has attracted considerable attention recently. In this paper we propose a MultiLabel Best First Over-sampling (ML-BFO) to improve the performance of multilabel classification algorithms, based on imbalance minimization and Wilson's ENN rule. Our experimental results show that ML-BFO not only duplicates fewer samples but also reduces the imbalance level much more than two state-of-the-art multilabel sampling methods, i.e., an over-sampling method LP-ROS and an under-sampling method MLeNN. Besides, ML-BFO significantly improves the performance of multilabel classification algorithms, and performs much better than LP-ROS and MLeNN.
Robust 3D landmark tracking using trinocular vision

Position determination and verification of a mobile robot is a central theme in robotics research. Several methods have been proposed for this problem, including the use of visual feedback information. These vision systems typically aim to extract known or tracked landmarks from the environment to localize the robot. Detection and matching these landmarks is often the most computationally expensive and error prone component of the system. This paper presents a real-time system for robustly matching landmarks in complex scenes, with subsequent tracking. The vision system comprises of a trinocular head, from which corner points are extracted. These are then matched with respect to robustness constraints in addition to the trinocular constraints. Finally, the resulting robustly extracted corners are tracked from frame to frame to determine the robot's rotational deviations.
Community Response to Violence Against Wives: Charivari, Abstract Justice and Patriarchy

Here we analyze the forms of community and institutional responses to the problem of wife beating. The regulation of domestic affairs in European communities is traced from the fifteenth century to the present. The historical analysis begins with direct and personal responses of members of the community, such as misrules and charivaris, and traces the development of the more abstract and impersonal responses of the state institutions that emerged during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Both community and institutional forms of response were directed at upholding patriarchal authority and the husband's right to control his wife through various means, including the use of physical force. The intent was not to stop the violence but to set limits on the amount of violence a husband might use in pursuing his rights. With the transformation from ritualized forms of community response to abstract forms of institutional regulation, battered women were forced to seek help from institutions, such as the police, that were not established to deal with problems of domestic order and that remained relatively unconcerned with the problem of wife beating. The refuge movement within the Women's Aid movement in Britain is trying in an egalitarian way to return the problem to women and the community and also to get social agencies to respond positively. It rejects male violence unequivocally and challenges the patriarchical domination underlying-the acceptance and continuation of wife beating.
Maternal dyadic relationship satisfaction as a function of child hyperactivity and conduct problems: A social-cognitive analysis

Abstract This study investigated factors underlying the relationship satisfaction of mothers (N = 86) of children (age 6–12) exhibiting symptoms of ADHD. Hypotheses were derived from a social-cognitive model of interpersonal processes. Mothers reported their relationship satisfaction, attributions about negative events occurring to the child, and trait perceptions of and affective reactions to the child. Trait perceptions, attributions, and affect contributed independently to relationship satisfaction. Trait perceptions and affect fully mediated the association between relationship satisfaction and hyperactivity, and partial mediation occurred for conduct problems. Maternal relationship satisfaction was explained better by trait perceptions than by attributions, and better by conduct problems than hyperactivity. Results provide a “snapshot” of maternal reactions that have implications for treatment and future research.
Near-separable Non-negative Matrix Factorization with ℓ1 and Bregman Loss Functions

Recently, a family of tractable NMF algorithms have been proposed under the assumption that the data matrix satisfies a separability condition Donoho & Stodden (2003); Arora et al. (2012). Geometrically, this condition reformulates the NMF problem as that of finding the extreme rays of the conical hull of a finite set of vectors. In this paper, we develop several extensions of the conical hull procedures of Kumar et al. (2013) for robust ($\ell_1$) approximations and Bregman divergences. Our methods inherit all the advantages of Kumar et al. (2013) including scalability and noise-tolerance. We show that on foreground-background separation problems in computer vision, robust near-separable NMFs match the performance of Robust PCA, considered state of the art on these problems, with an order of magnitude faster training time. We also demonstrate applications in exemplar selection settings.
NO3 −/H+ Antiport in the Tonoplast of Cucumber Root Cells Is Stimulated by Nitrate Supply: Evidence for a Reversible Nitrate-Induced Phosphorylation of Vacuolar NO3 −/H+ Antiport

Studies in the last few years have shed light on the process of nitrate accumulation within plant cells, achieving molecular identification and partial characterization of the genes and proteins involved in this process. However, contrary to the plasma membrane-localized nitrate transport activities, the kinetics of active nitrate influx into the vacuole and its adaptation to external nitrate availability remain poorly understood. In this work, we have investigated the activity and regulation of the tonoplast-localized H+/NO3 − antiport in cucumber roots in response to N starvation and NO3 − induction. The time course of nitrate availability strongly influenced H+/NO3 − antiport activity at the tonoplast of root cells. However, under N starvation active nitrate accumulation within the vacuole still occurred. Hence, either a constitutive H+-coupled transport system specific for nitrate operates at the tonoplast, or nitrate uses another transport protein of broader specificity to different anions to enter the vacuole via a proton-dependent process. H+/NO3 − antiport in cucumber was significantly stimulated in NO3 −-induced plants that were supplied with nitrate for 24 hours following 6-day-long N starvation. The cytosolic fraction isolated from the roots of NO3 −-induced plants significantly stimulated H+/NO3 − antiport in tonoplast membranes isolated from cucumbers growing on nitrate. The stimulatory effect of the cytosolic fraction was completely abolished by EGTA and the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine and slightly enhanced by the phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and cantharidin. Hence, we conclude that stimulation of H+/NO3 − antiport at the tonoplast of cucumber roots in response to nitrate provision may occur through the phosphorylation of a membrane antiporter involving Ca-dependent, staurosporine-sensitive protein kinase.
Creating of Quasioptimal General Classifiers Based on Distance Function

In this paper the work of general classifiers based on distance function that work in small test sample conditions has been investigated. The way of identical estimations obtaining on small samples has been presented. Influence of the main factors that conditioned such classifiers work has been established. Basing on face recognition system example the nearest neighbors number has been determine. Such an approach allows one to make more reliable decisions.
Variation in HLA‐associated risks of childhood insulin‐dependent diabetes in the finnish population: I. Allele effects at A, B, and DR Loci

Variation in the risk of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) across alleles at HLA‐A, B, and DR loci was investigated in a population‐based study of 801 families of children with newly diagnosed IDDM in Finland nationwide. Parallel analyses assessed the relative frequencies of alleles in IDDM children compared with age‐matched sibling controls and with the four possible genotypes which could have been inherited from the parents. The joint effects of DR3 and DR4 alleles were investigated under dominant, recessive, and additive models of gene expression. The additive model gave the best fit, though the relative risk for DR4 homozygotes was smaller than predicted. To investigate other alleles, we fitted the standard multiplicative model for alleles at each locus. After controlling for the correlation among alleles, significantly elevated risks were found for B13, DR3, DR4, and DR14. Subjects with these alleles have more than twice the risk of IDDM as those without. Alleles A24 and B62 incurred relative risks between one and two. DR2 and DR5 were significantly negatively associated with IDDM, incurring less than half the risk. These findings support an independent role of class I antigens in the etiology of IDDM. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of 2 FOXP 3 isoforms in the generation of human CD 4 + Tregs

Little is known about the molecules that control the development and function of CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Recently, it was shown that the transcription factor FOXP3 is necessary and sufficient for the generation of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in mice. We investigated the capacity of FOXP3 to drive the generation of suppressive CD4+CD25+ Tregs in humans. Surprisingly, although ectopic expression of FOXP3 in human CD4+ T cells resulted in induction of hyporesponsiveness and suppression of IL-2 production, it did not lead to acquisition of significant suppressor activity in vitro. Similarly, ectopic expression of FOXP3Δ2, an isoform found in human CD4+CD25+ Tregs that lacks exon 2, also failed to induce the development of suppressor T cells. Moreover, when FOXP3 and FOXP3Δ2 were simultaneously overexpressed, although the expression of several Treg-associated cell surface markers was significantly increased, only a modest suppressive activity was induced. These data indicate that in humans, overexpression of FOXP3 alone or together with FOXP3Δ2 is not an effective method to generate potent suppressor T cells in vitro and suggest that factors in addition to FOXP3 are required during the process of activation and/or differentiation for the development of bona fide Tregs. Research Article Immunology
Master general parking skill via deep learning

Parking is one basic function of autonomous vehicles. However, parking still remains difficult to be implemented, since it requires to generate a relatively long-term series of actions to reach a certain objective under complicated constraints. One recently proposed method used deep neural networks(DNN) to learn the relationship between the actual parking trajectories and the corresponding steering actions, so as to find the best parking trajectory via direct recalling. However, this method can only handle a special vehicle whose dynamic parameters are well known. In this paper, we use transfer learning technique to further extend this direct trajectory planning method and master general parking skills. We aim to mimic how human drivers make parking by using a specially designed deep neural network. The first few layers of this DNN contain the general parking trajectory planning knowledge for all kinds of vehicles; while the last few layers of this DNN can be quickly tuned to adapt various kinds of vehicles. Numerical tests show that, combining transfer learning and direct trajectory planning solution, our new approach enables automated vehicles to convey the knowledge of trajectory planning from one vehicle to another with a few try-and-tests.
A Multicast Routing Protocol with Dynamic Tree Adjustment for Mobile IPv6

TCP/IP is currently the standard network protocol for wired Internet. To make all Internet services available to all mobile users, a Mobile IP is proposed. Another important development for TCP/IP is the evolution to the next generation Internet, the protocol for which is called IPv6. Whether using IPv4 or IPv6, situations arise in some Internet applications where a piece of data needs to be sent to multiple recipients, a process called multicasting. In this paper, we study the multi casting routing problem based on Mobile IPv6. In multicasting, the mobility of a sender may lead to serious problems. When the sender moves, the full delivery tree may fail so that multicast datagrams cannot be forwarded to all receivers. In this paper, we propose a Reverse Traffic Interface (RTI) mechanism to preserve the integrity of the multicast tree. In this mechanism, we will use a Backward-Forced Path (BFP) to regenerate a new tree without rerouting. It can ensure multicast datagrams are sent to all reachable destinations without interruption. In addition, we show that a slight modification of the DVMRP (Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol), called DVMRPv6, can be used in Mobile IPv6 to support our mechanism. Finally, we use a total tree cost measure to estimate and evaluate our scheme. We also implement simulations to demonstrate its effectiveness. The results show that our proposal makes multicasting on mobiles network simpler, more efficient, and more reliable.
Shape Context Preserving Deformation of 2D Anatomical Illustrations

In this paper, we present a novel two‐dimensional (2D) shape context preserving image manipulation approach which constructs and manipulates a 2D mesh with a new differential mesh editing algorithm. We introduce a novel shape context descriptor and integrate it into the deformation framework, facilitating shape‐preserving deformation for 2D anatomical illustrations. Our new scheme utilizes an analogy based shape transfer technique in order to learn shape styles from reference images. Experimental results show that visually plausible deformation can be quickly generated from an existing example at interactive frame rates. An experienced artist has evaluated our approach and his feedback is quite encouraging.
The environmental knowledge frontier: transects with experts and villagers

Knowledge of the environment has often been associated with 'expert' or professional interpretations. The knowledge and views of villagers have consequently been obscured and underused. Comparisons of 'expert' and local perspectives in the field are rare. Local knowledge is gaining wide recognition in Western social science, but is often still not accepted in other disciplines or other societies. This paper explores one knowledge interface between 'experts' and 'locals' on environmental issues. It focuses on the interface between official policy and local everyday life of the rural population, by presenting findings from transects conducted with separate groups of villagers and 'experts' in Nyando Division, Kisumu District, Kenya. The transects were used both for basic evaluation of the environment and as a forum to elicit opinion from 'experts' and 'locals'. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Client supportiveness in contingent employment: The role of relationship quality

Extant literature dealing with nonstandard employment relationships reveals that contingent (“temporary”) workers are influenced by the supportiveness levels of their client organizations. However, the antecedents and consequences of client supportiveness remain underinvestigated. Specifically, the link between client supportiveness and relationship quality (i.e., the relationship between client organizations and temporary help services [THS] firm) has received minimal attention. I proposed that (1) the quality of the relationship between client organizations and the THS firm will influence client supportiveness, (2) client supportiveness will influence contingent workers’ job attitudes, (3) these job attitudes will influence future levels of relationship quality, and (4) relationship quality will predict unit-level profitability. A time-lagged, unit-level test of this model using large samples of worker and client data obtained from 89 business units of a THS firm provided complete support for the first three proposed relationships. Further, the association between relationship quality and profitability was found to be significant for medium-sized and large business units, but not for small business units.
Effects of past, present, and future ocean carbon dioxide concentrations on the growth and survival of larval shellfish

The combustion of fossil fuels has enriched levels of CO2 in the world’s oceans and decreased ocean pH. Although the continuation of these processes may alter the growth, survival, and diversity of marine organisms that synthesize CaCO3 shells, the effects of ocean acidification since the dawn of the industrial revolution are not clear. Here we present experiments that examined the effects of the ocean’s past, present, and future (21st and 22nd centuries) CO2 concentrations on the growth, survival, and condition of larvae of two species of commercially and ecologically valuable bivalve shellfish (Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians). Larvae grown under near preindustrial CO2 concentrations (250 ppm) displayed significantly faster growth and metamorphosis as well as higher survival and lipid accumulation rates compared with individuals reared under modern day CO2 levels. Bivalves grown under near preindustrial CO2 levels displayed thicker, more robust shells than individuals grown at present CO2 concentrations, whereas bivalves exposed to CO2 levels expected later this century had shells that were malformed and eroded. These results suggest that the ocean acidification that has occurred during the past two centuries may be inhibiting the development and survival of larval shellfish and contributing to global declines of some bivalve populations.
Prejudice and Racism

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