Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Queries Independent of Updates

This paper considers the problem of detecting independence of a queries expressed by datalog programs from updates. We provide new insight into the independence problem by reducing it to the equivalence problem for datalog programs (both for the case of insertion and deletion updates). Equivalence, as well as independence, is undecidable in general. However, algorithms for detecting subclasses of equivalence provide sufficient (and sometimes also necessary) conditions for independence. We consider two such subclasses. The first, query-reachability, generalizes previous work on independence [BCL89, E190], which dealt with nonrecursive programs with a single occurrence of the updated predicate. Using recent results on queryreachability [LS92, LMSS93], we generalize these earlier independence tests to arbitrary recursive datalog queries with dense-order constraints and negated EDB subgoals. The second subclass is uniform equivalence (introduced in [S&S]). We extend the results of [SaSSI to datalog programs that include dense-order constraints and stratified negation. Based on these extensions, we present new cases in which independence is decidable and give algorithms that are sound for the general case. Aside for their use in detecting independence, the algorithms for detecting uniform equivalence are also important for optimizing datalog programs. *The work of this author was.supported by NASA Grant NCC2-537. tPart of the work of this author was done while visiting Stanford University, where it was supported by AR0 grant DAAL03-91-G-0177, NSF grants IRI-90-16358 and IRI-9116646, and a grant of Mitsubishi Corp. Permission to copy without fee all or part oJ this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the VLDB copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice 1s given that copying is by permission of the Very Large Data Base Endowment. To copy otherwise, OP to republish, requires a fee and/or special permission from the Endowment. Proceedings of the 19th VLDB Conference, Dublin, Ireland, 1993. Yehoshua Sagivt Department of Computer Science Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel sagiv@cs.huji. ac.il
Shared-Control for the Kinematic and the Dynamic Model of a Mobile Robot

—This paper presents shared-control algorithms for the kinematic and the dynamic models of a mobile robot with a feasible conﬁguration set deﬁned by means of linear inequalities. The shared-control laws based on a hysteresis switch are designed in the case in which absolute positions are not available. Instead, we measure the distances to obstacles and angular differences. Formal properties of the closed-loop systems with the shared-control are established by a Lyapunov-like analysis. Simulation results and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Dielectric data analysis: recovering hidden relaxations by fourth-order derivative spectroscopy

Complex materials exhibit a dielectric behavior that can shed light on their chemophysical structure through a comprehension of the physical mechanisms originating that behavior. For the interpretation of a complex dielectric shape, where multiple relaxations are present (and usually described by semi-empirical functions), a correct interpretation of each simple relaxation is necessary. The separation of often closely overlapped relaxation curves requires the verification of the meaningfulness of such multiple relaxations and to determine their number and relative magnitudes, in other words to resort to a fitting procedure. However, often the physical interpretation of the fitting parameters is not straightforward, and their physical meaning is arguable. The application of even-order derivative spectroscopy is here demonstrated to be able to detect the presence and location of multiple dielectric relaxations, acting on the experimental data without any "a priori" hypothesis.
SpoIVA and SipL Are Clostridium difficile Spore Morphogenetic Proteins

ABSTRACT Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen whose infections are difficult to treat because of their frequent recurrence. The spores of C. difficile are responsible for these clinical features, as they resist common disinfectants and antibiotic treatment. Although spores are the major transmissive form of C. difficile, little is known about their composition or morphogenesis. Spore morphogenesis has been well characterized for Bacillus sp. , but Bacillus sp. spore coat proteins are poorly conserved in Clostridium sp. Of the known spore morphogenetic proteins in Bacillus subtilis, SpoIVA is one of the mostly highly conserved in the Bacilli and the Clostridia. Using genetic analyses, we demonstrate that SpoIVA is required for proper spore morphogenesis in C. difficile. In particular, a spoIVA mutant exhibits defects in spore coat localization but not cortex formation. Our study also identifies SipL, a previously uncharacterized protein found in proteomic studies of C. difficile spores, as another critical spore morphogenetic protein, since a sipL mutant phenocopies a spoIVA mutant. Biochemical analyses and mutational analyses indicate that SpoIVA and SipL directly interact. This interaction depends on the Walker A ATP binding motif of SpoIVA and the LysM domain of SipL. Collectively, these results provide the first insights into spore morphogenesis in C. difficile.
Open Access Versus Traditional Journal Pricing: Using a Simple 'Platform Market' Model to Understand Which Will Win (and Which Should)

Economists have built a theory to understand markets in which, rather than selling directly to buyers, suppliers sell through a platform, which controls prices on both sides. The theory has been applied to understand markets ranging from telephony, to credit cards, to media. In this paper, we apply the theory to the market for scholarly journals, with the journal functioning as the platform between submitting authors and subscribing readers. Our goal is to understand the conditions under which a journal would prefer open access to traditional pricing and under which open access would be better for the scholarly community. Our new model captures much of the richness of the existing economic literature on journal pricing, and indeed adds some fresh insights, yet is simple enough to be accessible to a broad audience.
Benevolence in the importer‐exporter relationship: Moderating role of value similarity and cultural familiarity

Purpose – This research aims to test a model that proposes potential antecedents and consequences of an importer's benevolence towards its foreign export supplier. The model posits that an importer's satisfaction with and commitment to its relationship with a foreign export supplier have a positive impact on its benevolence towards the exporter, which in turn positively influences the performance of the dyadic relationship. The model also suggests that the effect of the importer's relationship satisfaction on benevolence is moderated by value similarity and cultural familiarity.Design/methodology/approach – The model was tested through a mail survey of US importers who bought from foreign exporters.Findings – The results largely support the model. The findings of this study also indicate that the importer's relationship satisfaction has a significant influence on benevolence only when cultural familiarity is high.Practical implications – Strategic implications for international marketers are discussed.Ori.
Consumer PHIM Going Beyond Paper and Computer Anxiety

Personal health information management (PHIM) refers to an individual’s use of various tools (i.e., email, paper, sticky notes, calendars, health portals) to manage their healthcare information (Jones 2008). With advances in technology, it becomes even more imperative that the healthcare community understand the factors that may influence consumers’ intentions to use various PHIM tools to manage his/her healthcare information. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and constructs from the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) guide this investigation into how consumers might use patient health portals to manage their healthcare information.
UWB receiver based on microwave filtere-bank

In this paper we propose a sampling stage based on a bank of microwave filters for an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) receiver. The objective of the proposed frequency domain sampling scheme is to build an all-digital receiver. Frequency domain sampling (FDS) efficiently parallelizes analog to digital conversion, which leads to lower sampling rates on the acquisition system. Typically, the FDS unit performs signal projection on orthogonal frequency bands covering the whole spectrum of the received signal. However, designing filters that are orthogonal and yet capture most of the signal energy is very difficult in practice. In this paper we consider an FDS system which projects the received signal over a set of microwave filters which constitutes a non-orthogonal basis. We use frame theory to obtain a high quality reconstruction of the transmitted pulse which is then used to detect the UWB signal in a correlation detector. In the paper we also optimize the microwave filter response in order to maximize the convergence speed of the pulse reconstruction algorithm. Results show that the proposed receiver performs close to the matched filter bound even in highly dispersive channels.
Feeding preterm infants milk with a higher dose of docosahexaenoic acid than that used in current practice does not influence language or behavior in early childhood: a follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND The visual and mental development of preterm infants improved after feeding them milk enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in amounts matching the fetal accretion rate. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate whether feeding preterm infants milk with a higher DHA content than that used in current practice influences language or behavior in early childhood. DESIGN This was a follow-up study in a subgroup of infants enrolled in the DINO (Docosahexaenoic acid for the Improvement in Neurodevelopmental Outcome) trial. In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, infants born at <33 wk of gestation were fed milk containing 1% of total fatty acids as DHA (higher-DHA group) or approximately 0.3% DHA (control group) until reaching full-term equivalent age. The longer-term effects of the intervention on language, behavior, and temperament were measured by using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (MCDI) at 26-mo corrected age, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Short Temperament Scale for Children (STSC) between 3- and 5-y corrected age. RESULTS Mean (+/-SD) MCDI scores did not differ significantly (adjusted P = 0.8) between the higher-DHA group (308 +/- 179, n = 60) and the control group (316 +/- 192, n = 67) per the Vocabulary Production subscale. Composite scores on the SDQ and STSC did not differ between the higher-DHA group and the control group [SDQ Total Difficulties: higher-DHA group (10.3 +/- 6.0, n = 61), control group (9.5 +/- 5.5, n = 64), adjusted P = 0.5; STSC score: higher-DHA group (3.1 +/- 0.7, n = 61), control group (3.0 +/- 0.7, n = 64), adjusted P = 0.3]. CONCLUSIONS Feeding preterm infants milk containing 3 times the standard amount of DHA did not result in any clinically meaningful change to language development or behavior when assessed in early childhood. Whether longer-term effects of dietary DHA supplementation can be detected remains to be assessed. This trial was registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry at www.anzctr. org.au as 12606000327583.
The Integration Process Between Eastern and Western Europe

Aim and Scope of the Study. - Transition and the European Integration Process. - Trade Integration between Eastern and Western Europe. - Institutional Integration between Eastern and Western Europe. - Modelin Investment Behavior during Transition. - Modeling the Income and Welfare Effects of Accession to the European Union: A Small Dynamic CGE Model for Poland. - Concluding Remarks.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aliivibrio fischeri Strain 5LC, a Bacterium Retrieved from Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) Larvae Reared in Aquaculture

ABSTRACT To shed light on the putative host-mediated lifestyle of the quintessential marine symbiont Aliivibrio fischeri, and on the symbiosis versus potentially pathogenic features of bacteria associated with farmed fish, we report the draft genome sequence of A. fischeri strain 5LC, a bacterium retrieved from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae.
Mammograms and the management of existential discomfort: Threats associated with the physicality of the body and neuroticism

The current research employs ideas from terror management theory to investigate why mammograms may be psychologically problematic. This perspective suggests that individuals, particularly those high in neuroticism, are threatened by that which reminds them of their physical and mortal nature. In Study 1, a laboratory experiment demonstrated that when concerns about mortality were primed, reminders of one's physical nature (i.e. creatureliness) led women who were high in neuroticism to report reduced willingness to imagine undergoing a mammogram. In Study 2, a field experiment among women receiving a mammogram showed that priming creatureliness increased perceptions of discomfort with the procedure for women high in neuroticism. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Contemporary Considerations for Constructing a Genetic Risk Score: An Empirical Approach

Genetic risk scores are an increasingly popular tool for summarizing the cumulative risk of a set of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) with disease. Typically only the set of the SNPs that have reached genome‐wide significance compose these scores. However recent work suggests that including additional SNPs may aid risk assessment. In this paper, we used the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort to illustrate how one can choose the optimal set of SNPs for a genetic risk score (GRS). In addition to P‐value threshold, we also examined linkage disequilibrium, imputation quality, and imputation type. We provide a variety of evaluation metrics. Results suggest that P‐value threshold had the greatest impact on GRS quality for the outcome of coronary heart disease, with an optimal threshold around 0.001. However, GRSs are relatively robust to both linkage disequilibrium and imputation quality. We also show that the optimal GRS partially depends on the evaluation metric and consequently the way one intends to use the GRS. Overall the implications highlight both the robustness of GRS and a means to empirically choose the best set of GRSs.
Degraded myelin‐associated glycoprotein (dMAG) formation from pure human brain myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is not mediated by calpain or cathepsin L‐like activities

The myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a transmembrane cell adhesion molecule participating in myelin formation and maintenance. Calcium‐activated/‐dependent proteolysis of myelin‐associated glycoprotein by calpain and cathepsin L‐like activities has already been detected in purified myelin fractions, producing a soluble fragment, called degraded (d)MAG, characterized by the loss of the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Here, we demonstrate and analyze dMAG formation from pure human brain myelin‐associated glycoprotein. The activity never exhibited the high rate previously reported in human myelin fractions. Degradation is time‐, temperature‐, buffer‐ and structure‐dependent, is inhibited at 4°C and by denaturation of the sample, and is mediated by a trans‐acting factor. There is no strict pH dependency of the proteolysis. Degradation was inhibited by excess aprotinin, but not by 1–10 µg/mL aprotinin and was not eliminated by the use of an aprotinin‐sepharose matrix during the purification. dMAG formation was not enhanced by calcium, nor inhibited by a wide variety of protease inhibitors, including specific calpain and cathepsin L inhibitors. Therefore, while cysteine proteases may be present in human myelin membrane fractions, they are not involved in dMAG formation from highly purified human brain myelin‐associated glycoprotein preparations.
UHF characteristics of different types of PD sources in power transformers

Recently, partial discharge (PD) measurement in power transformers using ultra high frequency (UHF) techniques attracts a lot of attentions. But, most investigations on the subject are focused on detection of electromagnetic (EM) waves e.g. design of proper antennas and localization of PD source where just deals with starting point of the UHF signal. Thus, analysis of UHF data including waveforms and patterns is less performed. In this paper, an investigation on influence of PD type on UHF signals in phase domain is presented to find if there is any difference between UHF and IEC patterns. Moreover, UHF PD waveforms in time and frequency domains is studied to realize effect of transformer tank, antenna characteristics and type of PD on them.
Neutralizing antibodies in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus infection.

BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is the principal etiologic agent of SARS. We analyzed serum samples obtained from 623 patients with SARS in Beijing, to determine whether infection with SARS-CoV can elicit neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). METHODS We developed a highly sensitive and safe neutralization assay using the SARS-CoV pseudotyped virus and used this assay to determine the titers of the NAbs in serum samples from patients with SARS. RESULTS We found that 85.9% of serum samples contained NAbs against SARS-CoV and that most of the NAb activities could be attributed to immunoglobulin G. The NAbs became detectable first at 5-10 days after the onset of symptoms, and their levels peaked at 20-30 days and then were sustained for >150 days. The serum samples could neutralize the pseudotype particles bearing the spike glycoproteins from different SARS-CoV strains, suggesting that the NAbs to SARS-CoV were broadly reactive. CONCLUSIONS NAbs to SARS-CoV are broadly elicited in patients with SARS and, according to their kinetics, may correlate with viral load during the early stages of the disease. These results suggest that it is possible to develop effective vaccines against SARS and that NAbs provide a potential strategy for treating patients with SARS.
Differential display approach to quantitation of environmental stimuli on bacterial gene expression (minireview)

The differential display of the mRNA technique for eukaryotes is fruitful in identifying genes with altered transcription rates caused by exogenous or endogenous stimuli. Prokaryotic analogues of the method using arbitrary oligonuleotides may reach a complete statistical genome coverage. Thus a genomewide mass screening for transcriptionally regulated sequences will be possible. However, the primer sets have to be optimized for a given species to result in maximum band yields. Hence the construction of primers requires the calculation of oligonucleotide frequencey distributions from known coding regions to choose sequences with frequent occurrence in the bacterial genome. After completion of many whole genome sequencing projects, differentially regulated cDNA sequences are readily identified by sequence comparisons.
An examination of the relationship between authentic leadership and psychological well-being and the mediating role of meaningfulness at work

Previous studies have examined the relationship between charismatic-types of leadership and well-being but not specifically authentic leadership which gives importance to how leaders are intrinsically composed rather than mere behaviours. This study explored whether authentic leadership and well-being are related and whether meaningfulness of work mediates this relationship. Well-being was measured from two perspectives namely hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. 123 participants completed a questionnaire survey while correlational and mediation analyses, using the Sobel Z test with bootstrapped samples, were used to answer the research questions. Results revealed that authentic leadership is both related to subjective well-being and to flow. In addition, meaningfulness of work partially mediated the relationship between leadership and subjective well- being but fully mediated the relationship with flow. The results are discussed in view of their theoretical and practical implications. Finally, a series of limitations are provided to secure the interpretative boundaries of the results obtained.
Mannose-Capped Lipoarabinomannan from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Preferentially Inhibits Sphingosine-1-Phosphate–Induced Migration of Th1 Cells

Chemokine receptor cross-desensitization provides an important mechanism to regulate immune cell recruitment at sites of inflammation. We previously reported that the mycobacterial cell wall glycophospholipid mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) could induce human peripheral blood T cell chemotaxis. Therefore, we examined the ability of ManLAM to desensitize T cells to other chemoattractants as a potential mechanism for impaired T cell homing and delayed lung recruitment during mycobacterial infection. We found that ManLAM pretreatment inhibited in vitro migration of naive human or mouse T cells to the lymph node egress signal sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Intratracheal administration of ManLAM in mice resulted in significant increases in T cells, primarily CCR5+ (Th1) cells, in lung-draining lymph nodes. To investigate the selective CCR5 effect, mouse T cells were differentiated into Th1 or Th2 populations in vitro, and their ability to migrate to S1P with or without ManLAM pretreatment was analyzed. ManLAM pretreatment of Th1 populations inhibited S1P-induced migration but had no effect on Th2 cell S1P-directed migration, suggesting a differential effect by S1P on the two subsets. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor Ly294002 inhibited S1P-directed migration by Th1 cells, whereas the ERK inhibitor U0126 inhibited Th2 cell S1P-directed migration. These observations demonstrate that S1P-induced migratory responses in Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes occurs via different signaling pathways and suggests further that the production of ManLAM during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may function to sequester Th1 cells in lung-draining lymph nodes, thereby delaying their recruitment to the lung.
Lossless electroabsorption modulator monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier and a passive waveguide

We have developed a monolithic integrated device consisting of an electroabsorption modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) connected by a deep-ridge passive waveguide by means of butt-joint selective area growth. Lossless operation with a high extinction ratio of 32 dB and clear eye opening at 10 Gb/s are successfully achieved. We confirm that the optical injection should be from the SOA side of the device to obtain a wide error-free range of incident optical power from -20 to +10 dBm. Our device could lead to richly functional photonic integrated circuits comprising arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) for advanced wavelength-division-multiplexing networks, since the passive waveguide has the same structure as AWGs.