Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Use of the Zung depression scale in patients with traumatic brain injury: 1 year post-injury

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine if the physical disabilities of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) would influence the assessment of depression when using the Zung depression scale. Method: Patients with TBI (n = 59) were assessed 1 year after injury for depression by both a psychiatrist and the use of the Zung depression scale. Results: By psychiatric evaluation, seven of 17 (41%) patients with severe TBI and one of 20 (5%) of the patients with moderate TBI were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. With the Zung depression scale, 10 of 17 (59%) patients with severe TBI met the cut-off (scored >55) for depression, whereas none of the patients with moderate (n = 20) or mild (n = 22) TBI did. The mean (SD) scores of the somatic scale were 2.91 (0.93), 2.49 (0.92) and 1.25 (0.43) for each group. The mean scores of the affective scale were 2.58 (0.90), 1.85 (0.79) and 1.24 (0.46). For patients with moderate (p < 0.05) and severe (p < 0.10) TBI, scores on the somatic items exceeded scores on their affective items. No difference in somatic and affective scale scores was noted for the patients with mild TBI. Conclusion: The increased endorsement of somatic results may be the somatic difficulties associated with traumatic brain injury.
Better Detection of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage by Use of Nylon Flocked Swabs

ABSTRACT Flocked swabs (Copan) were compared to rayon swabs (Copan) for the nasal detection of Staphylococcus aureus in 90 healthy volunteers sampled sequentially during a 5-week period. The use of flocked swabs improved the number of nasal carriers (P = 0.026), the number of positive specimens (P = 0.01), and the quantity of bacteria in positive samples (P = 0.004).
The Systemic Model of Crime and Institutional Efficacy

The systemic model of crime has received considerable empirical attention from criminologists; yet, an often-neglected component of the theoretical framework is the role of social institutions as a source of both formal and informal social control. Accordingly, the current study builds on recent research that considers the importance of institutional strength for the reduction of criminal behavior; in particular, the authors assess the impact of social–structural characteristics on the treatment program integrity (i.e., institutional efficacy) of 38 halfway house programs in Ohio. The authors’ results indicate that communities suffering from concentrated resource deprivation have a more difficult time creating and maintaining strong institutions of public social control. The implications for criminological theory and correctional policy are discussed.
Performance improvement of multilevel inverter through trapezoidal triangular carrier based PWM

In this paper a new SPWM technique using a trapezoidal triangular multicarrier for a 17 level cascaded H bridge multilevel inverter is simulated and compared with other types of carrier based PWM technique for performance evaluation. Different triangular carrier modulation techniques such as constant switching frequency level shift (LS) PWM technique viz, phase disposition (PD), phase opposition disposition (POD), alternative phase disposition (APOD), phase shift carrier (PSC) PWM, and variable switching frequency (VSF PWM) are compared with proposed technique for symmetric and asymmetric structure of cascaded H bridge MLI. Simulation for 17 level CHB inverter has been carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and simulation results for voltage waveform and harmonic spectrum are presented and compared. The variation of THD with modulation index for output voltages are analyzed.
A comparative analysis of the implications of the Islamic religion on corporate capital structures of firms in emerging market countries

Purpose - – The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Muslim religion on firm capital structure. Design/methodology/approach - – The authors compare financing patterns in Muslim versus non-Muslim countries using 658 firms in 16 countries covering a period of seven years. Findings - – No significant differences between Muslim and non-Muslim countries were found in terms of total debt ratios. However, significant differences were found in the choice of short-term versus long-term debt, with firms in Muslim countries showing a strong preference for short-term debt. Research limitations/implications - – The findings confirm existing theories on the impact of the Islamic religion on short-term versus long-term debt preferences. However, the findings concerning the lack of an impact of the Islamic religion on total debt preferences are surprising and contrary to existing theories. Practical implications - – Firms in Muslim countries appear to have the flexibility to adopt overall leverage ratios comparable to those in non-Muslim countries. However, firms in Muslim countries may be disadvantaged in that there appear to be impediments to the use of long-term debt. Originality/value - – This paper presents one of the first empirical studies of the impact of the Muslim religion on corporate financing choices across a large cross-section of firms in Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
Silicon feedback-microring electro-optical switches with integrated surface-state-absorption linear photocurrent monitors

We demonstrate simultaneous switching and monitoring in silicon feedback-microring electro-optical switches with integrated surface-state-absorption linear photocurrent monitors. Our in-microresonator p-i-n photodetector reveals a responsivity of 1.2 mA/W at 1530 nm upon -1V bias.
Encyclopedia of Research Design Weber-Fechner Law Contributors :

Several models have been proposed in the field of psychophysics to quantify relationships between any stimulus (e.g., touch, sound, light, and smell) and the perceived response by individuals. One such model is referred to as the Weber-Fechner Law. The Weber −Fechner Law, however, is not one law, but two separate laws: Weber's Law and Fechner's Law. Moreover, not all human senses respond to stimuli according to Fechner's law (in fact many do not). Weber's Law and special cases such as Fechner's Law are each based on the “just noticeable difference threshold” concept. Disciplines Agricultural Science | Agriculture | Plant Pathology Comments This chapter is from Encyclopedia of Research Design (2010): 1612, doi:10.4135/9781412961288.n494. Posted with permission. This book chapter is available at Iowa State University Digital Repository: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/plantpath_pubs/71 Encyclopedia of Research Design
Gray-levels can improve the performance of binary image digitizers

The application of gray-scale digitizers to the digitization of binary images of straight-edged silhouettes is considered. A measure of digitization-induced ambiguity is introduced. It is shown that if the gray levels are not quantized and the sampling resolution is sufficiently high, error-free reconstruction of the original binary image from the digitized image is possible. When the total bit-count for the representation of the digitized image is limited, i.e., sampling resolution and quantization accuracy are both finite, error-free reconstruction is usually impossible. The authors' suggested bit allocation policy is then to increase the quantization accuracy as much as possible, once sufficient sampling resolution has been reached. <<ETX>>
Instantaneous CSIStatistical CSI Instantaneous CSI Acquisition Precoder Optimization Data Transmission Statistical CSI Acquisition Cluster Optimization

Base station clustering is necessary in large interference networks, where the channel state information (CSI) acquisition overhead otherwise would be overwhelming. In this paper, we propose a novel long-term throughput model for the clustered users which addresses the balance between interference mitigation capability and CSI acquisition overhead. The model only depends on statistical CSI, thus enabling long-term clustering. Based on notions from coalitional game theory, we propose a low-complexity distributed clustering method. The algorithm converges in a couple of iterations, and only requires limited communication between base stations. Numerical simulations show the viability of the proposed approach.
Contact Allergy to Castor Oil, but Not to Castor Wax

Ricinus communis (castor) seed oil (CAS 8001-79-4), a vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of Ricinus communis, is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and may be a cause of allergic contact dermatitis from these products. We present two patients with allergic contact dermatitis from cosmetics containing castor oil, in whom a correct diagnosis was achieved by patch testing castor oil ‘as is’. PEGylated and/or hydrogenated derivatives (the latter formerly also available from patch test allergen suppliers) and/or cosmetics containing these specific derivatives did not result in contact allergy or allergic contact dermatitis. This observation might be relevant for the manufacturing of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In the future, further research into the allergenicity of castor oil and its numerous derivatives, and their optimal patch test concentrations, may be desirable.
Approaches to Managing Executive Cognitive Functioning Impairment Following TBI: A Focus on Facilitating Community Participation

Successful and satisfying community living represents the ultimate outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation. Unfortunately, for the vast majority of affected individuals, full participation in pre-injury roles and responsibilities is negatively impacted by a complex mix of cognitive, physical, emotional, psychological, and behavioral impairments. Each individual living with TBI is unique and a reflection of numerous factors including pre-injury character‐ istics, severity of injury, home and community supports, and related internal and external factors. The TBI literature often depicts life following TBI as unproductive, including the need for varying levels of caregiver assistance and supervision. Long-term recovery following TBI is characterized by reduced independence in home and community activities including employment, parenting, driving, and participation in leisure activities [1]. Additionally, TBI is frequently associated with profound social isolation and decreased life satisfaction.
Practical applications of coding

Coding applications have grown rapidly in the past several years with cost-effective performance demonstrated on several channels. Convolutional coding with soft-decision Viterbi decoding has emerged as a standard technique and is particularly well adapted to the commnnication satellite channel. Decoder implementations are discussed and examples are cited. Robustness of code performance is emphasized and instances of actual coding gain surpassing theoretical or basic coding gain are given. Some promising future directions are noted.
Translocator Protein as an Imaging Marker of Macrophage and Stromal Activation in Rheumatoid Arthritis Pannus

PET radioligands targeted to translocator protein (TSPO) offer a highly sensitive and specific means of imaging joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Through high expression of TSPO on activated macrophages, TSPO PET has been widely reported in several studies of RA as a means of imaging synovial macrophages in vivo. However, this premise does not take into account the ubiquitous expression of TSPO. This study aimed to investigate TSPO expression in major cellular constituents of RA pannus—monocytes, macrophages, fibroblastlike synoviocytes (FLS cells), and CD4-positive (CD4+) T lymphocytes (T cells)—to more accurately interpret TSPO PET signal from RA synovium. Methods: Three RA patients and 3 healthy volunteers underwent PET of both knees using the TSPO radioligand 11C-PBR28. Through 3H-PBR28 autoradiography and immunostaining of synovial tissue in 6 RA patients and 6 healthy volunteers, cellular expression of TSPO in synovial tissue was evaluated. TSPO messenger RNA expression and 3H-PBR28 radioligand binding was assessed using in vitro monocytes, macrophages, FLS cells, and CD4+ T cells. Results: 11C-PBR28 PET signal was significantly higher in RA joints than in healthy joints (average SUV, 0.82 ± 0.12 vs. 0.03 ± 0.004; P < 0.01). Further, 3H-PBR28–specific binding in synovial tissue was approximately 10-fold higher in RA patients than in healthy controls. Immunofluorescence revealed TSPO expression on macrophages, FLS cells, and CD4+ T cells. The in vitro study demonstrated the highest TSPO messenger RNA expression and 3H-PBR28–specific binding in activated FLS cells, nonactivated M0 macrophages, and activated M2 reparative macrophages, with the least TSPO expression being in activated and nonactivated CD4+ T cells. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this study was the first evaluation of cellular TSPO expression in synovium, with the highest TSPO expression and PBR28 binding being found on activated synovial FLS cells and M2 macrophages. TSPO-targeted PET may therefore have a unique sensitivity in detecting FLS cells and macrophage-predominant inflammation in RA, with potential utility for assessing treatment response in trials using novel FLS-cell–targeted therapies.
Impact of anticoagulation strategy with bivalirudin or heparin on nonaccess site bleeding in percutaneous coronary interventions: A meta‐analysis of randomized trials

Transradial approach has significantly decreased the rate of access site bleeding in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), therefore potentially mitigating the benefits offered by bivalirudin in lowering major bleeding complications as compared to heparin. However, nonaccess site bleeding, that represent the majority of hemorrhagic complications, still carry negative prognostic consequences for these patients and no study has so far defined the exact impact of bivalirudin on nonaccess site bleeding, that was therefore the aim of present meta‐analysis.
OKUL ÖNCESİ EĞİTİMDE OYUNUN ÖĞRETMEN GÖRÜŞLERİNE GÖRE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Egitimde olumlu davranislarin bireye kazandirilmasindaki en onemli sureclerden biri, bireylerin gecirmis olduklari okul oncesi egitimdir. Bundan nedenle bu surecte edinilen ya da istenilen bilgilerin aktarilmasindaki en buyuk egitim araclarindan biridir. Cocukluk surecinde oyun ile istenilen bilgi, beceri, kulturel, duygusal, hayal guclerinin gelistirilmesi, toplumsal deger ve normlarin kazandirilmasinin yaninda fiziksel-psikomotor, bilissel, dil, sosyal-duygusal gelisim alanlarina katki saglanmasinda onemli bir aractir. Cocuklarin gelisiminde fonksiyonel olan bu arac ozellikle basta egitim kurumlarinda gorev yapan ogretmenlerin istenilen becerilerin kazandirilmasinin yaninda ebeveynlerin de toplum degerlerin kazandirilmasinda kullanacaklari en onemli araclardan biridir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, okul oncesi ogretmenlerinin okul oncesi egitimde oyunun kullanimina iliskin gorusleri arasinda cinsiyet, yas, ogrenim durumu, mesleki kidem, calisilan yas grubu, kadro durumu, sinif mevcudu ve yardimci personelin olup olmamasi degiskenlerine gore anlamli farklilasma olup olmadigini incelemektir. Arastirma, betimsel bir calisma olup 2013-2014 egitim-ogretim yilinda Diyarbakir’da bulunan 30 okulda gorev yapan 165’i kadin, 10’u erkek olmak uzere toplam 175 anasinifi ogretmeninin katildigi olcek calismasi yapilarak elde edilen verilerin degerlendirilmesi icin IBM SPSS 21.00 paket programi kullanilmistir. Yapilan paket programi analizler sonucunda; okul oncesi egitimde oyunun kullanilmasi ogretmen gorusleri arasinda farklilik bulunmustur.
Liposomes as carriers in electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Liposomes are small membrane‐enclosed vesicles composed of either natural or synthetic lipids. Their size can be adjusted on a wide scale and they can be made with well‐defined compositions. While liposomes have been extensively used as model biomembranes they have also gained a considerable degree of attention as carriers for drugs as well as for genetic material. The physical properties of liposomes are critically dependent on their chemical composition. In this study liposomes were applied as pseudostationary phases in electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Various negatively charged liposomes, consisting of mixtures of zwitterionic and anionic lipids, were investigated. Major emphasis was put on clarifying the effects of the total lipid concentration, the lipid molar ratio, the lipid head group, and the buffer on the capillary electrophoretic separation of neutral analytes. In addition, the influence of the physical state of the membrane, i.e., gel vs. fluid, on the separation was investigated. Corticosteroids were applied as model analytes.
Does the number of sentinel lymph nodes removed affect the false negative rate for head and neck melanoma?

Head and neck (HN) cutaneous melanoma is associated with worse disease‐free survival compared to non‐HN cutaneous melanoma, possibly due to inadequate staging. We aim to determine if a higher yield of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) affected rates of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) positivity.
A robust controller for insulin pumps based on H-infinity theory

The feedback control of insulin pumps for diabetic patients is discussed. Because the parameters in the mathematical model of the blood glucose dynamics present a considerable amount of uncertainty, the H- infinity framework is well suited for the design of controllers that take into account a nice compromise between robust closed-loop regulation of a constant set point and performance expressed in terms of peak values of the plasma glucose concentration. <<ETX>>
Natural markers in bone growth.

Three features in the long bones, shown by radiograms, have been used as markers for the study of bone growth. (I) Transverse lines of arrested growth. Radiograms of six long limb bones from 1,576 individuals were investigated for clearness and persistence of these lines. Both ends of tibia and fibula showed very high frequency of suitable lines for markers, possibly also the distal end of femur and radius. (II) Notches in the base of second and fifth metacarpal bones. Measurements of growth from apex of the basal notch to the ends of the shaft were performed on serial hand radiograms. The proportion of growth from distal and basal ends averaged 87:13 in the second and 80:20 in the fifth metacarpal bones. (III) Nutrient canals. The initial point of ossification was determined by a prolongation of the nutrient canal intersecting the central axis of the medullary cavity. The proportion of growth from that point to distal and basal ends of the shaft averaged 68:32 and 64:36 for the second and the fifth metacarpal bones, respectively. These values are significantly different from the measurements obtained from the notches.
Changes in gait and fatigue from morning to afternoon in people with multiple sclerosis

Objectives: The aim was to measure changes in walking patterns and self rated fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with age matched control subjects, from the morning to the afternoon within a single day. Methods: Fourteen patients with MS and the same number of matched control subjects performed four 10 m gait trials at their preferred walking speed at 10 00 am and then again at 3 00 pm on the same day. Gait speed, stride length, cadence, and the percentage of the gait cycle spent in double limb support were measured using a foot switch stride analyzer. Patients with MS also self rated their fatigue levels in the morning and afternoon using an 11 point scale. Results: Compared with control subjects, patients walked very slowly, with reduced stride length and around twice as much variability in gait performance. Although self rated fatigue significantly increased from the morning to the afternoon, walking patterns remained consistent in both groups over the course of the day. Conclusions: These findings imply that mechanisms controlling locomotion are separate from those regulating perceived fatigue. Objective measures of performance, rather than self report, should be used to monitor change in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Mechanisms of thiamine-catalyzed reactions. Decarboxylation of 2-(1-carboxy-1-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthiazolium chloride.

Previous investigations have indicated that the thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymatic decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde proceeds via the decarboxylation of 2-(l-carboxy-l-hydroxyethyl)thiamine pyrophosphate (Ia) to 2-(l-hydroxyethyl)thiamine pyrophosphate (IIa). This paper reports the synthesis of an analog of Ia, 2-(l-carboxy-l-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthiazolium chloride (CHDT chloride), and the kinetics of the decarboxylation of CHDT to 2-(l-hydroxyethyl)-3,4-dimethylthiazolium ion in water, ethanol-water mixtures, and ethanol. We conclude from the dependence upon pH of the observed first-order rate constants for the decarboxylation of CHDT in water at 67 ' that the reactive species is the one in which the carboxyl group is ionized. The rate of decarboxylation of this dipolar ion is markedly increased in solvents less polar than water; the half-times for decarboxylation are 24.0 hr in water a t 45.6' and 3.2 min in absolute ethanol at 26.0'. Comparison of this model with the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction shows that the enzyme accelerates the decarboxylation of Ia in water by a factor of at least lo5. We propose that the enzymatic catalysis is effected through binding of the thiazolium portion of Ia in a region of the enzyme less polar than water and suggest that such an enzymatic solvent effect is a major cause of catalysis in many thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymatic reactions. he decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde by T the enzyme pyruvate decarboxylase is a reaction which requires the coenzyme thiamine pyrophosphate.2 On the basis of investigations of nonenzymatic model reactions, Breslow a proposed that the enzymic reaction proceeds by way of 2-(l-carboxy-l-hydroxyethy1)thiamine pyrophosphate (Ia), which is formed from thiamine pyrophosphate and pyruvic acid by reaction of the thiazolium ring, ionized at carbon 2, with the carbonyl group of pyruvic acid. Decarboxylation of this intermediate yields 2 4 1-hydroxyethy1)thiamine pyrophosphate (IIa), which can then lose acetaldehyde and so regenerate the thiamine pyrophosphate. Subsequently, the proposed intermediate H 0 > N x c H 3 Rl + 3J--cH3 HOZCC R.2 HC '4 & I CH3 I CH3
Feature-Based On-Line Object Tracking Combining Both Keypoints and Quasi-Keypoints Matching

SUMMARY This paper proposes a novel object tracking method via online boosting. The on-line boosting technique is combined with local features to treat tracking as a keypoint matching problem. First, We improve matching reliability by exploiting the statistical repeatability of local features. In addition, we propose 2D scale-rotation invariant quasi-keypoint matching to further improve matching e ﬃ ciency. Beneﬁting from SURF feature’s statistical repeatability and the complementary quasi-keypoint matching technique, we can easily ﬁnd reliable matching pairs and thus perform accurate and stable tracking. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance compared with previously reported trackers. key words: object tracking