Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mongolian prosodic phrase prediction using suffix segmentation

Accurate prosodic phrase prediction can improve the naturalness of speech synthesis. Predicting the prosodic phrase can be regarded as a sequence labeling problem and the Conditional Random Field (CRF) is typically used to solve it. Mongolian is an agglutinative language, in which massive words can be formed by concatenating these stems and suffixes. This character makes it difficult to build a Mongolian prosodic phrase predictions system, based on CRF, that has high performance. We introduce a new method that segments Mongolian word into stem and suffix as individual token. The proposed method integrates multiple features according to the characteristics of Mongolian word formation. We conduct the contrast experiment by selecting the following features: word, multi-level Part-of-Speech (POS), multi-level lexical for suffix and the existence for suffix. The experimental results show that our method has significantly enhanced the performance of the Mongolian prosodic phrase prediction system through comparing with the conventional method that treats Mongolian word as token directly. The word feature, level one lexical for suffix feature and existence for suffix feature are effective. The best result is measured by Fl-measure as 82.49%.
Unbalance Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship Problem Reduction in Drug Design

Problem statement: Activities of drug molecules can be predicted by Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) models, which overcome the disadvantage of high cost and long cycle by employing traditional experimental methods. With the fact that number of drug molecules with positive activity is rather fewer than that with negatives, it is important to predict molecular activities considering such an unbalanced situation. Approach: Asymmetric bagging and feature selection was introduced into the problem and Asymmetric Bagging of Support Vector Machines (AB-SVM) was proposed on predicting drug activities to treat unbalanced problem. At the same time, features extracted from structures of drug molecules affected prediction accuracy of QSAR models. Hybrid algorithm named SPRAG was proposed, which applied an embedded feature selection method to remove redundant and irrelevant features for AB-SVM. Results: Numerical experimental results on a data set of molecular activities showed that AB-SVM improved AUC and sensitivity values of molecular activities and SPRAG with feature selection further helps to improve prediction ability. Conclusion: Asymmetric bagging can help to improve prediction accuracy of activities of drug molecules, which could be furthermore improved by performing feature selection to select relevant features from the drug.
Design of a 90.9% Locking Range Injection-Locked Frequency Divider With Device Ratio Optimization in 90-nm CMOS

A 12–32 GHz divide-by-2 (D2) injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) is presented in this paper. First, the device ratio of the injection mixer and cross-coupled pair is optimized to achieve a wide locking range (LR). Then, the inductive peaking and forward-body-bias techniques are applied to the injection mixer to boost its transconductance and to enhance injection efficiency for further extension of the LR. Finally, the harmonic suppression technique is introduced to reduce the output harmonics. Using the aforementioned approaches, we successfully demonstrate a D2 ILFD implemented in the 90-nm low-power CMOS technology with a maximum LR of 90.9% at an injection power of 0 dBm. Even with the injection power as low as −10 dBm, the proposed ILFD maintains an LR of 32.9%. This ILFD consumes 2.4 mW with a supply voltage of 0.6 V in a chip size of 0.45 mm2.
Design of PID controller using hybrid particle swarm optimization

This study attempts to propose a hybrid particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on grey relational analysis and the mutation strategy. In the proposed hybrid PSO, the determination of the algorithm parameters (the inertia weight and the acceleration coefficients) for a particle is depended upon the grey relational grade of that particle. The algorithm parameters are varying over the generations. Also they may differ from different particles. Besides, a mutation strategy is introduced to speed up the search process of the proposed PSO algorithm. Finally, the hybrid PSO algorithm is applied to optimize the parameters of the proportional-integralderivative (PID) controller. Simulation and experiment results are compared with the standard PSO algorithm and genetic algorithm to demonstrate the search performance of the proposed method.
Minimal-pair word learning by bilingual toddlers: the Catalan /e/-/ɛ/ contrast revisited*

Twelve-month-old bilingual and monolingual infants show comparable phonetic discrimination skills for vowels belonging to their native language/s. However, Catalan–Spanish bilingual toddlers, but not Catalan monolinguals, appear insensitive to a vowel mispronunciation in familiar words involving the Catalan–Specific /e/-/ɛ/ contrast. Here bilingual and monolingual toddlers were tested in a challenging minimal-pair word learning task involving that contrast (i.e., [bepi]-[bɛpi]). Both groups succeeded, suggesting that bilinguals can successfully use their phonetic categories to phonologically encode novel words. It is argued that bilinguals’ impoverished vowel representations in familiar words might be the result of experiential input factors (e.g., cognate words and mispronunciations due to accented speech).
Score Data Analysis for Pre-Warning Students in University

This paper describes a case study of score data analysis for the pre-warning students of a university. The analytical method includes statistical approach and data mining. Through statistical analysis for given pre-warning student score data, the present situation and trend, as well as relevant pre-warning information can be acquired. By associating technique, association rules about the curricula show the dependence and relationship among pre-warning courses. The discovered patterns are helpful for decision making, as well as improvement of the quality of college education in a university.
Serre’s Conjectures

3 Evidence for Serre’s conjecture 7 3.1 Proofs of Serre’s epsilon-conjecture . 7 3.1. 1 Theorems of Mazur and Ribet . 7 3.1. 2 The latest word . 13 3.1. 3 Raising the level . 14 3.2 Cases where the Serre conjecture is known . 15 3.2. 1 Cases where ρ has dihedral image . 15 3.2. 2 Cases where F = F3 . 16
An iterative method for optical flow estimation with motion blur

This paper presents a new method for estimating the optical flow of image sequences while considering the blur effect. In fact, the blur in input images can degrade the quality of optical flow, because it leads to ambiguities of pixel-match. Our method begins with an initial optical flow. Then two steps are performed iteratively until convergence, 1) the blur kernel is estimated using the information from optical flow; 2) the optical flow is estimated considering the blur kernel. Various experimental results verify the effectiveness of our method.
Impaired Regulation of Thalamic Pacemaker Channels through an Imbalance of Subunit Expression in Absence Epilepsy

The role of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channel isoforms and hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) for seizure-related burst firing in thalamocortical (TC) neurons was investigated in a rat genetic model of absence epilepsy [Wistar Albino Glaxo rats, bred in Rijswijk (WAG/Rij)]. Burst discharges in TC neurons locked to seizure activity in vivo were prolonged during blockade of Ih by Cs+ and ZD7288 (4-ethylphenylamino-1,2-dimethyl-6-methylaminopyrimidinium chloride). In vitro analyses revealed a hyperpolarizing shift of half-maximal Ih activation (Vh) in WAG/Rij (Vh = -93.2 mV) compared with nonepileptic controls [August × Copenhagen-Irish (ACI) (Vh = -88.0 mV)]. This effect is explained by a shift of the responsiveness of Ih to cAMP toward higher concentrations in TC neurons from WAG/Rij, as revealed by application of 8-bromo-cAMP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX. During blockade of adenylyl cyclase activity, Ih activation was similar in the two strains, whereas the difference in cAMP responsiveness persisted, thereby voting against different ambient cAMP levels between strains. Increasing the intracellular cAMP level and shifting Ih activation led to a change from burst to tonic firing mode in WAG/Rij but not in ACI rats. Furthermore, HCN1 expression was significantly increased on mRNA and protein levels, with no changes in HCN2-4 expression. In conclusion, there is an increase in HCN1 expression in the epileptic thalamus, associated with a decrease in cAMP responsiveness of Ih in TC neurons and resulting impairment to control the shift from burst to tonic firing, which, in turn, will prolong burst activity after recruitment of Ih during absence seizures.
Shifting Scales Between Literature and Social Science

S cale, from the Latin scala (ladder) via Old French escaler (climb), refers to valuation (“a graduated range of values forming a standard system for measuring or grading”) as well as to dimensionality (“the relative size or extent of something”) (Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 12th ed., 1282). We have assembled this special issue ofMLQ to highlight important new work of literary-historical inquiry, partly though not exclusively pertaining to the digital humanities, in which problems arising from the nexus of scale and value have become conspicuous concerns of method. In doing so, we are not implying that our discipline’s current perturbation over these problems is without precedent. Every field of study must, at every stage in its development, define its proper scope, locating workable boundaries between its own objects, zones, and tools of research and those external to it. To engage in literary studies has always meant operating in a specially constructed and privileged space of the “literary,” a field of practice scaled to incorporate everything relevant to an understanding of literature, while redlining adjacent neighborhoods as precincts of extraor subliterary concern, subject to the authority of other disciplines. Within this discipline-shaped space, we rely on a host of other scalar constructs. Certain temporal spans (century, literary period, artistic generation), geocultural categories (national literature, regional literature, diasporic or exilic literature), formal entities (protagonist, genre, individual work), and so forth supply us with the basic units we need to organize our research projects and structure our intellectual and institutional divisions of labor. The degree of prestige attaching to these built units of study is hierarchized, such that some national literatures,
Real Life Machine Learning Case on Mobile Advertisement: A Set of Real-Life Machine Learning Problems and Solutions for Mobile Advertisement

This paper is an output of data science study on a real life problem. The paper starts with the problem definition and a brief introduction to the mobile advertisement for addressing the machine learning problems. Later on, some machine learning solutions are provided for each of the problems, furthermore the success of classical solution methods in the literature is also compared for the real life problems. Some problems addressed are: unbalanced data sets, parameter optimization, time slicing and history optimization and there are also some performance metrics related to the mobile advertisement problem domain. This paper mainly considers the actions generated by users and advertisement providers as a data stream and proposes a well optimized recommender algorithm based on crucial parameters. Different than most of the papers in the literature, this study is an output of a research collaboration with a real life advertisement platform.
Handwriting Copybook Style Identification for Questioned Document Examination

Handwriting originates from a particular copybook style such as Palmer or Zaner-Bloser that one learns in childhood. Since questioned document examination plays an important investigative and forensic role in many types of crime, it is important to develop a system that helps objectively identify a questioned document’s handwriting style. Here, we propose a computer vision system that can assist a document examiner in the identification of a writer’s handwriting style and therefore the origin or nationality of an unknown writer of a questioned document. We collected 33 English alphabet copybook styles from 18 countries. Each character in a questioned document is segmented and matched against all of the 33 handwriting copybook styles. The more characters present in the questioned document, the higher the accuracy observed.
Executed and Observed Movements Have Different Distributed Representations in Human aIPS

How similar are the representations of executed and observed hand movements in the human brain? We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and multivariate pattern classification analysis to compare spatial distributions of cortical activity in response to several observed and executed movements. Subjects played the rock–paper–scissors game against a videotaped opponent, freely choosing their movement on each trial and observing the opponent's hand movement after a short delay. The identities of executed movements were correctly classified from fMRI responses in several areas of motor cortex, observed movements were classified from responses in visual cortex, and both observed and executed movements were classified from responses in either left or right anterior intraparietal sulcus (aIPS). We interpret above chance classification as evidence for reproducible, distributed patterns of cortical activity that were unique for execution and/or observation of each movement. Responses in aIPS enabled accurate classification of movement identity within each modality (visual or motor), but did not enable accurate classification across modalities (i.e., decoding observed movements from a classifier trained on executed movements and vice versa). These results support theories regarding the central role of aIPS in the perception and execution of movements. However, the spatial pattern of activity for a particular observed movement was distinctly different from that for the same movement when executed, suggesting that observed and executed movements are mostly represented by distinctly different subpopulations of neurons in aIPS.
Deep Mid-Infrared Observations of Lyman Break Galaxies

As part of the in-orbit checkout activities for the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) team carried out a deep observation (average integration time ∼8 hr) of a field surrounding the bright QSO HS 1700+6416. This field contains several hundred z ∼ 3 Lyman break galaxy (LBG) candidates, and we report here on their mid-infrared properties, including the IRAC detection rate, flux densities, and colors, and the results of fitting population synthesis models to the optical, near-infrared, and IRAC magnitudes. The results of the model fitting show that previous optical/near-infrared studies of LBGs were not missing large, hidden old stellar populations. The LBG candidates' properties are consistent with those of massive star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 3. Other IRAC sources in the same field have similar properties, so IRAC selection may prove to be a promising method of finding additional high-redshift galaxies.
A Kinship-Based Modification of the Armitage Trend Test to Address Hidden Population Structure and Small Differential Genotyping Errors

Background/Aims We propose a modification of the well-known Armitage trend test to address the problems associated with hidden population structure and hidden relatedness in genome-wide case-control association studies. Methods The new test adopts beneficial traits from three existing testing strategies: the principal components, mixed model, and genomic control while avoiding some of their disadvantageous characteristics, such as the tendency of the principal components method to over-correct in certain situations or the failure of the genomic control approach to reorder the adjusted tests based on their degree of alignment with the underlying hidden structure. The new procedure is based on Gauss-Markov estimators derived from a straightforward linear model with an imposed variance structure proportional to an empirical relatedness matrix. Lastly, conceptual and analytical similarities to and distinctions from other approaches are emphasized throughout. Results Our simulations show that the power performance of the proposed test is quite promising compared to the considered competing strategies. The power gains are especially large when small differential differences between cases and controls are present; a likely scenario when public controls are used in multiple studies. Conclusion The proposed modified approach attains high power more consistently than that of the existing commonly implemented tests. Its performance improvement is most apparent when small but detectable systematic differences between cases and controls exist.
An Exhaustive Study of Particular Cases Leading to Robust and Accurate Motion Estimation

For decades, there has been an intensive research effort in the Computer Vision community to deal with video sequences. In this paper, we present a new method for recovering a maximum of information on displacement and projection parameters in monocular video sequences without calibration. This work follows previous studies on particular cases of displacement, scene geometry and camera analysis and focuses on the particular forms of homographic matrices. It is already known that the number of particular cases involved in a complete study precludes an exhaustive test. To lower the algorithmic complexity, some authors propose to decompose all possible cases in a hierarchical tree data structure but these works are still in development [26]. In this paper, we propose a new way to deal with the huge number of particular cases: (i) we use simple rules in order to eliminate some redundant cases and some physically impossible cases, and (ii) we divide the cases into subsets corresponding to particular forms determined by simple rules leading to a computationally efficient discrimination method. Finally, some experiments were performed on image sequences acquired either using a robotic system or manually in order to demonstrate that when several models are valid, the model with the fewer parameters gives the best estimation, regarding the free parameters of the problem. The experiments presented in this paper show that even if the selected case is an approximation of reality, the method is still robust.
Marrow Stromal Cell Infusion Rescues Hematopoiesis in Lethally Irradiated Mice despite Rapid Clearance after Infusion

Marrow stromal cells (MSCs, also termed mesenchymal stem cells) have been proposed as a promising cellular therapy for tissue injury including radiation-induced marrow failure, but evidence for a direct effect is lacking. To assess the effects of MSCs on survival after lethal irradiation, we infused syngeneic MSCs (either as immortalized MSCs clones or primary MSCs) intravenously into wild-type C57/Bl6 mice within 24 hours of lethal total body irradiation (TBI). Mice receiving either of the MSC preparations had significantly improved survival when compared to controls. In vivo imaging, immune histochemistry, and RT-PCR employed to detect MSCs indicated that the infused MSCs were predominantly localized to the lungs and rapidly cleared following infusion. Our results suggest that a single infusion of MSCs can improve survival after otherwise lethal TBI but the effect is not due to a direct interaction with, or contribution to, the damaged marrow by MSCs.
fMRI Validation of fNIRS Measurements During a Naturalistic Task

We present a method to compare brain activity recorded with near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in a dance video game task to that recorded in a reduced version of the task using fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging). Recently, it has been shown that fNIRS can accurately record functional brain activities equivalent to those concurrently recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging for classic psychophysical tasks and simple finger tapping paradigms. However, an often quoted benefit of fNIRS is that the technique allows for studying neural mechanisms of complex, naturalistic behaviors that are not possible using the constrained environment of fMRI. Our goal was to extend the findings of previous studies that have shown high correlation between concurrently recorded fNIRS and fMRI signals to compare neural recordings obtained in fMRI procedures to those separately obtained in naturalistic fNIRS experiments. Specifically, we developed a modified version of the dance video game Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) to be compatible with both fMRI and fNIRS imaging procedures. In this methodology we explain the modifications to the software and hardware for compatibility with each technique as well as the scanning and calibration procedures used to obtain representative results. The results of the study show a task-related increase in oxyhemoglobin in both modalities and demonstrate that it is possible to replicate the findings of fMRI using fNIRS in a naturalistic task. This technique represents a methodology to compare fMRI imaging paradigms which utilize a reduced-world environment to fNIRS in closer approximation to naturalistic, full-body activities and behaviors. Further development of this technique may apply to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, late states of dementia, or those with magnetic susceptibility which are contraindicated for fMRI scanning.
Pharmacogenetics of antipsychotic therapy: pivotal research issues and the prospects for clinical implementation

The core hypothesis underlying pharmacogenetics is that genetic factors play a significant role in the well-recognized differences between individuals in response to medication and susceptibility to adverse effects. If these genetic factors can be identified and understood, they may serve as predictors to guide clinicians in tailoring medication to the individual patient. Recent developments in the field of antipsychotic drug treatment suggest that pharmacogenetics could play an important role, permitting the use of first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) for patients in whom the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) is limited by efficacy considerations or adverse effects, in this paper, key issues that need to be taken into consideration in designing and interpreting pharmacogenetic studies of antipsychotic drugs are discussed against the background of data emanaling from studies on the genetics of tardive dyskinesia (TD), an important adverse effect of FGAs. The issues considered include the advantages and potential pitfalls of case-control association studies of pharmacogenetic traits, the role of demographic factors such as age and gender, additive effects of genes, and gene-gene and gene-environment interaction. The prospects for implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in the clinic are considered in the context of a preliminary model that has been tested for prediction of susceptibility to TD.