Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predator satiation and extreme mast seeding in 11 species of Chionochloa (Poaceae)

Variation in annual flowering effort is described for 16 long datasets from 11 species of Chionochloa (Poaceae) in New Zealand. All populations exhibited extreme mast seeding. The most variable species was C. crassiuscula (coefficient of variation, CV = 3.02) over 26 years at Takahe Valley, Fiordland, which is the highest published CV we know of worldwide. The other populations also had high CVs (lowest CV = 1.42, mean CV = 1.84) which were higher than for other well-studied genera such as Picea, Pinus and Quercus. There were also frequent years of zero flowering (mean across all populations was 37.2% zero years; maximum 53% for C. rubra and C. crassiuscula over 19 years) whereas zero years are rare in other published masting datasets. Flowering was highly synchronous among species within a site (mean r = 0.886), and also (though significantly less so) among sites. Among sites, synchrony was not significantly higher within-species (mean r = 0.711) than between-species (r = 0.690). Warm summer temperatures led to heavy flowering the following summer. Flowering synchrony increased with increasing synchrony in local deseasonalised summer temperatures, and decreased with increasing distance between sites. Mast seeding has been shown in Chionochloa to reduce losses to specialist flower or seed predators. Among-species synchrony may be adaptive if species share a common seed predator. Developing seeds of at least 10 Chionochloa species are attacked by larvae of an undescribed cecidomyiid. In Takahe Valley, where masting is most pronounced, cecidomyiids attacked all six Chionochloa species in all four years studied. Mean annual losses were almost constant (10.0 to 13.4%) while flowering effort varied 100-fold. The invariant losses are consistent with other evidence that the cecidomyiid may have extended diapause, which would make it harder to satiate by mast seeding. We hypothesise that one possible factor favouring such extremely high levels of mast seeding in Chionochloa is that its seed predator is very hard to satiate.
Period Analysis of Multiplier in Agent-Based Models

In this paper, we present an agent-based model to verify the multiplier theory in macroeconomics and make an extension in the research of realization time of multiplier. We employ a simple model in which agents exchange money with each other and the multiplier effect is an emerging phenomenon of individual transactions. The model assumes that agents' expenditures would depend on their wealth and income. From equality of aggregate income with expenditure at macroscopic level, we can get the expression of multiplier. Then we analyzed theoretically and numerically the dynamic properties of the multiplier process, and obtained the expression of realization time.
Polynomial Time Parsing of Combinatory Categorial Grammars

In this paper we present a polynomial time parsing algorithm for Combinatory Categorial Grammar. The recognition phase extends the CKY algorithm for CFG. The process of generating a representation of the parse trees has two phases. Initially, a shared forest is build that encodes the set of all derivation trees for the input string. This shared forest is then pruned to remove all spurious ambiguity.
Permittivity extraction from on-wafer scattering parameters at microwave frequency based on electromagnetic modeling

A new and simple method for determining the permittivity of dielectric materials using electromagnetic modeling is presented in this paper. The permittivity, which is extracted from the on-wafer scattering parameters (S-parameters) of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) with different lengths fabricated in measured substrates, is estimated by comparing the propagation-constants calculated from S-parameters with the one simulated from electromagnetic modeling. Compared to the approach using general analytical calculation, these two approaches have similar accuracy at the frequency range from 1 GHz to 110 GHz for silicon substrate. However, our proposed approach is easier to be implemented.
Based on Time Sequence of ARIMA Model in the Application of Short-Term Electricity Load Forecasting

Short-term electricity load is effected by various factors, It has the certain difficulty to make prediction accurate, but we can improve prediction precise by continuously optimizing forecasting methods. This paper carried out the combination of ARIMA several methods based on the idea of time sequence, to avoid deficiencies in various aspects, perfect forecasting methods, make ARIMA model can conduct electricity short-term load forecasting better.
Optimal two-qubit tomography based on local and global measurements: Maximal robustness against errors as described by condition numbers

We present an error analysis of various tomographic protocols based on the linear inversion for the reconstruction of an unknown two-qubit state. We solve the problem of finding a tomographic protocol which is the most robust against errors in terms of the lowest value (i.e., equal to 1) of a condition number, as required by the Gastinel‐Kahan theorem. In contrast, standard tomographic protocols, including those based on mutually unbiased bases, are nonoptimal for determining all the 16 elements of an unknown two-qubit density matrix. Our method is based on the measurements of the 16 generalized Pauli operators, where twelve of them can be locally measured, and the other four require nonlocal Bell measurements. Our method corresponds to selectively measuring, one by one, all the real and imaginary elements of an unknown two-qubit density matrix. We describe two experimentally feasible setups of this protocol for the optimal reconstruction of two photons in an unknown polarization state using conventional detectors and linear-optical elements. Moreover, we define the operators for the optimal reconstruction of the states of multiqubit or multilevel (qudit) systems.
The Effect of Four Anaesthetic Protocols for Maintenance of Anaesthesia on Trans-Diaphragmatic Pressure in Dogs

The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle and the main indicator of diaphragmatic contractility is the trans-diaphragmatic pressure (Pdi). The aim of this clinical study was to determine the effect of four different anaesthetic protocols on Pdi in anaesthetized healthy dogs. Eighty client-owned dogs were recruited in this clinical study. All the animals received dexmedetomidine and morphine as premedication and propofol for induction. Anaesthesia was maintained with one of four protocols: isoflurane (I), isoflurane with CRI of propofol (IP), isoflurane with CRI of fentanyl (IF), and isoflurane with CRI of ketamine (IK). When the surgical plane of anaesthesia was achieved, two balloon catheters were inserted, one into the stomach and one into the mid-third of the oesophagus for Pdi measurement. Pdi value was the highest in groups I (14.9±4.7 mmHg) and IK (15.2±3.5 mmHg) and the lowest in groups IP (12.2±3.2 mmHg) and IF (12.0±5.9 mmHg). There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.029) between groups IK and IF. PE’CO2 was statistically significantly higher (p<0.0005) in group IF (7.7±0.8 kPa) than in group IK (6.5±0.7 kPa). Isoflurane alone or isoflurane with ketamine for the maintenance of anaesthesia seem to better preserve the respiratory function and the diaphragmatic contractility than isoflurane with either propofol or fentanyl in dogs. Therefore, the use of isoflurane or isoflurane with ketamine may be of benefit when animals with respiratory problems have to be anaesthetized.
Comparison of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Pediatric Patients with Metabolic Syndrome, Heterozygous Familial Hyperlipidemia and Normals

Background. Our goal was to compare the carotid intimal-medial thickness (CIMT) of untreated pediatric patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), heterozygous familial hyperlipidemia (heFH), and MS+heFH against one another and against a control group consisting of healthy, normal body habitus children. Methods. Our population consisted of untreated pediatric patients (ages 5–20 yrs) who had CIMT measured in a standardized manner. Results. Our population included 57 with MS, 23 with heFH, and 10 with MS+heFH. The control group consisted of 84 children of the same age range. Mean CIMT for the MS group was 469.8 μm (SD = 67), 443.8 μm (SD = 61) for the heFH group, 478.3 μm (SD = 70) for the MS+heFH group, and 423.2 μm (SD = 45) for the normal control group. Significance differences between groups occurred for heFH versus MS (P = 0.022), heFH versus control (P = 0.038), MS versus control (P = 9.0E − 10), and MS+heFH versus control (P = 0.003). Analysis showed significant negative correlation between HDL and CIMT (r = −0.32, P = 0.03) but not for LDL, triglycerides, BP, waist circumference, or BMI. Conclusion. For pediatric patients, the thickest CIMT occurred for patients with MS alone or for those with MS+heFH. This indicates that MS, rather than just elevated LDL, accounts for more rapid thickening of CIMT in this population.
World-Wide Comparative Evidence for Calquing of Valency Patterns in Creoles

Creole languages consistently show valency patterns that cannot be traced back to their lexifier languages, but derive from their substrate languages. In this paper, I start out from the observation that a convincing case for substrate influence can be made by adopting a world-wide comparative approach. If there are recurrent matches between substrate and creole structures in a given construction type, in creoles of different world regions and with different substrates, then we can exclude the possibility of an accident, and substrate influence is the only explanation. The construction types that I will look at are ditransitive constructions (Section 3), weather constructions (Section 4), experiencer constructions (Section 5), and motion constructions (Section 6). I will draw on the unique typological data source from the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (Michaelis et al., 2013a; 2013b). My conclusion is that the data provided in AP i CS support the claim that during creolization, valency patterns have been systematically calqued into the nascent creoles.
Visual motion observer-based bilateral control for eye-in-hand mobile robot teleoperation

This paper investigates, as a first step for visual feedback bilateral control, visual motion observer-based bilateral attitude and position control for eye-in-hand mobile robot teleoperation systems. Firstly, visual motion observers for eye-in-hand mobile robots are presented. Then, a visual motion observer-based bilateral and coordination control laws for attitude maneuvers are proposed. Moreover, visual motion observer-based bilateral position control and stability analysis are presented. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the bilateral control framework in which teleoperation systems utilize visual information to obtain the relative poses of the master and slave robots can be provided based on passivity. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed framework is verified through computer simulations and experiments.
Comparative paradigms in the examination of software production

Different paradigms are used to study socioeconomic dynamics of the software development process. The study seeks to examine the software development process at the project, firm national, and international level. Three paradigms are selected to pursue this examination: 1) dialectical and historical materialism; 2) computational thinking; and 3) system dynamics. This approach of employing multiple paradigms is designed to develop a comprehensive but cohesive presentation of possible software production scenarios.
Event generation with SHERPA 1.1

In this paper the current release of the Monte Carlo event generator Sherpa, version 1.1, is presented. Sherpa is a general-purpose tool for the simulation of particle collisions at high-energy colliders. It contains a very flexible tree-level matrix-element generator for the calculation of hard scattering processes within the Standard Model and various new physics models. The emission of additional QCD partons off the initial and final states is described through a parton-shower model. To consistently combine multi-parton matrix elements with the QCD parton cascades the approach of Catani, Krauss, Kuhn and Webber is employed. A simple model of multiple interactions is used to account for underlying events in hadron-hadron collisions. The fragmentation of partons into primary hadrons is described using a phenomenological cluster-hadronisation model. A comprehensive library for simulating tau-lepton and hadron decays is provided. Where available form-factor models and matrix elements are used, allowing for the inclusion of spin correlations; effects of virtual and real QED corrections are included using the approach of Yennie, Frautschi and Suura.
A hierarchical Bayesian approach for estimating the origin of a mixed population

We propose a hierarchical Bayesian model to estimate the proportional contribution of source populations to a newly founded colony. Samples are derived from the first generation offspring in the colony, but mating may occur preferentially among migrants from the same source population. Genotypes of the newly founded colony and source populations are used to estimate the mixture proportions, and the mixture proportions are related to environmental and demographic factors that might affect the colonizing process. We estimate an assortative mating coefficient, mixture proportions, and regression relationships between environmental factors and the mixture proportions in a single hierarchical model. The first-stage likelihood for genotypes in the newly founded colony is a mixture multinomial distribution reflecting the colonizing process. The environmental and demographic data are incorporated into the model through a hierarchical prior structure. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the performance of the model by using different levels of population divergence and number of genetic markers included in the analysis. We use Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to conduct inference for the posterior distributions of model parameters. We apply the model to a data set derived from grey seals in the Orkney Islands, Scotland. We compare our model with a similar model previously used to analyze these data. The results from both the simulation and application to real data indicate that our model provides better estimates for the covariate effects.
Sensing UHF-TV Spectrum for Narrowband Cognitive Radios in a Malicious Presence

In this paper, we propose a robust spectrum sensing (SS) technique for cognitive radio receivers (CRRs) when a malicious CR user (MCRU) coexists in the network. The primary users (PUs) that we consider are the television (TV) broadcasters, who operate in an ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band. Using multiple antennas of CRR, as a first step, we locate a narrower subband-within an UHF-TV range-at which the interference due to MCRU is least. Then, SS is implemented only at the chosen band, so that the detection of PU is not affected by the presence of MCRU. The finding of the apt band for SS is implemented through a table, which needs to know only the angle of arrival of signal from MCRU. We have shown the technique to estimate this angle of arrival as well. The simulation results show that the proposed method does not compromise the detection performance, unlike the energy detection scheme, which compromises severely when MCRU coexists.
Enhancement of Gain of Rectangular Micro Strip Antenna Using Multilayer Multidielectric Structure

In rapidly developing market in personal communication systems (PCS), mobile satellite communications, direct broadband television (DBS) wireless local area networks (WLANs) suggest that demand for Microstrip antennas and array will increase even further. In this paper the gain of microstrip patch antenna is enhanced by using covered dielectric layer which is separated from feed patch by air as an another dielectric. Here two patches, one feed patch and one parasitic patch are used to enhance the gain and bandwidth and whole structure resonates at their resultant frequency which is in the ISM band. Air is used as dielectric between feed patch and ground plane as well as between feed patch and parasitic patch. The dimensions of feed patch are adjusted to achieve desired resonant frequency. In this microstrip antenna the coaxial probe feed technique is used for its simplicity. This antenna structure is simulated using zeland IE3D software package and effects of physical parameters are investigated. This work leads to conclusion that directivity, bandwidth and gain of microstrip antenna can be increased by covered dielectric and multidielectric structure with parasitic patch. The gain is found as 13.4 dbi and bandwidth as 220 MHz which is higher as compare to conventional rectangular patch antenna.
The capacity region of fading Multiple Access Channels with cooperative encoders and partial CSIT

In this paper, we study the two-user Gaussian fading Multiple Access Channel (MAC) with cooperative encoders. Two different scenarios are studied: the Gaussian fading MAC with a common message, and the Gaussian fading MAC with conferencing encoders. The throughput capacity region of these channels with partial Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitters (CSIT) and perfect CSI at the receiver (CSIR) is established. For the Gaussian fading systems with only CSIR (transmitters have no access to CSIT), some numerical examples and simulation results are provided for Rayleigh fading models.
WordNet as a Geographical Information Resource

Geographical entities often appears in very different forms in text collections, such as when a foreign name is used instead of the English one, or when the citation of some region or place omits the name of a larger geographical entity containing them. This is a known problem in the field of Information Retrieval. The use of an ontology like WordNet can help in addressing this issue. In this paper we propose an automatic method to expand the geographical terms in queries by using the WordNet ontology and another method that expands the terms during the indexing phase. The proposed methods exploits the synonymy, meronymy and holonymy relationships provided by WordNet, together with some information extracted from the gloss.
A novel image matching algorithm using local description

As we know, the problem of image matching is difficult and important in the field of computer vision. In this paper we present a novel matching algorithm based on local invariant feature description. Firstly, feature points are detected by difference of Gaussian. Secondly, the Haar-wavelet responses within a feature point neighborhood are projected into four directions, and then a 64-dimensional vector is generated for describing the feature point. Finally, matching pairs are determined by using the nearest neighbor distance ratio. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is not only rapid and robust, but the matching rate is higher than PCA-SIFT and SURF algorithms.
Inferring Service Recommendation from Natural Language API Descriptions

Software reuse through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) is a common practice in software development. It remains a big challenge to bridge the semantic gap between user expectations and application functionality with the development of Web-based services. This paper proposes a service recommendation approach via extracting semantic relationship from natural language API descriptions and inferring. To validate our approach, large-scale experiments are conducted based on a real-world accessible service repository, ProgrammableWeb. The results show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Cancer statistics for Hispanics/Latinos, 2012

Hispanics/Latinos are the largest and fastest growing major demographic group in the United States, accounting for 16.3% (50.5 million/310 million) of the US population in 2010. In this article, the American Cancer Society updates a previous report on cancer statistics for Hispanics using incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2012, an estimated 112,800 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 33,200 cancer deaths will occur among Hispanics. In 2009, the most recent year for which actual data are available, cancer surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death among Hispanics. Among US Hispanics during the past 10 years of available data (2000‐2009), cancer incidence rates declined by 1.7% per year among men and 0.3% per year among women, while cancer death rates declined by 2.3% per year in men and 1.4% per year in women. Hispanics have lower incidence and death rates than non‐Hispanic whites for all cancers combined and for the 4 most common cancers (breast, prostate, lung and bronchus, and colorectum). However, Hispanics have higher incidence and mortality rates for cancers of the stomach, liver, uterine cervix, and gallbladder, reflecting greater exposure to cancer‐causing infectious agents, lower rates of screening for cervical cancer, differences in lifestyle and dietary patterns, and possibly genetic factors. Strategies for reducing cancer risk among Hispanics include increasing utilization of screening and available vaccines, as well as implementing effective interventions to reduce obesity, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. CA Cancer J Clin 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
A Failure-aware Scheduler for Hadoop

Hadoop has become the de facto standard for processing large data in today's cloud environment. The performance of Hadoop in the cloud has a direct impact on many important applications ranging from web analytic, web indexing, image and document processing to high-performance scientific? c computing. However, because of the scale, complexity and dynamic nature of the cloud, failures are common and these failures often impact the performance of jobs running in Hadoop. Although Hadoop possesses built-in failure detection and recovery mechanisms, several scheduled jobs still fail because of unforeseen events in the cloud environment. A single task failure can cause the failure of the whole job and unpredictable job running times. In this report, we propose ATLAS (AdapTive faiLure-Aware Scheduler), a new scheduler for Hadoop that can adapt its scheduling decisions to events occurring in the cloud environment. Using statistical models, ATLAS predicts task failures and adjusts its scheduling decisions on the fly to reduce task failure occurrences. We implement ATLAS in the Hadoop framework of Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) and perform a case study to compare its performance with those of the FIFO, Fair and Capacity schedulers. Results show that ATLAS can reduce the percentage of failed jobs by up to 28% and the percentage of failed tasks by up to 39%, and the total execution time of jobs by 10 minutes on average. ATLAS also reduces CPU and memory usages.
The Relationship between Learner’s Motivation and Italian Language Proficiency among Jordanian IFL Learners

This study investigates the relationship between the learners' motivation ( integrative/instrumental) and Italian proficiency among Jordanian IFL learners at Alalbayt University. It also sheds lights on the level of proficiency among Italian majors at Alalbayt University. Two instruments are used in this study: the first is a five-point Likert scale questionnaire based on Gardner and Maclntyer ( 1990) to investigate students motivational/attitudinal orientations; the second is a proficiency test based on an official Italian language website. The test was evaluated and modified to suite the purpose of the study. The results show that there is no correlation between Motivation ( integrative and instrumental)/ attitudes and proficiency among IFL learners in Jordan. Further, the results indicate that Italian majors have a fair level of proficiency in Italian as a foreign language at Alalbayt University.