Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bilingual Picture–Word Studies Constrain Theories of Lexical Selection

Whether lexical selection is by competition is the subject of current debate in studies of monolingual language production. Here, I consider whether extant data from bilinguals can inform this debate. In bilinguals, theories that accept the notion of lexical selection by competition are divided between those positing competition among all lexical nodes vs. those that restrict competition to nodes in the target language only. An alternative view rejects selection by competition altogether, putting the locus of selection in a phonological output buffer, where some potential responses are easier to exclude than others. These theories make contrasting predictions about how quickly bilinguals should name pictures when non-target responses are activated. In Part 1, I establish the empirical facts for which any successful theory must account. In Part 2, I evaluate how well each theory accounts for the data. I argue that the data do not support theories that reject lexical selection by competition, and that although theories where competition for selection is restricted to the target language can be altered to fit the data, doing so would fundamentally undermine the distinctness of their position. Theories where selection is by competition throughout both target and non-target language lexicons must also be modified to account for the data, but these modifications are relatively peripheral to the theoretical impetus of the model. Throughout, I identify areas where our empirical facts are sparse, weak, or absent, and propose additional experiments that should help to further establish how lexical selection works, in both monolinguals and bilinguals.
The influence of electron reflection at the electrode and secondary electron emission on a strongly magnetized low-pressure RF discharge

With the help of a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulation, we study a strongly asymmetric cylindrical low-pressure RF discharge in an axial magnetic field. In particular, the effects of electron reflection from the electrodes and of ion-induced secondary electron emission are studied. The process alone does not change the plasma characteristics; this fact can be traced back to the gyro-motion of electrons in the electrode sheath, which brings non-colliding electrons back to the electrode. If electron reflection is allowed for, the overall plasma density is substantially increased. This effect is found qualitatively in experiments. We furthermore demonstrate the existence of high-energy electrons throughout the bulk plasma; this fact is reminiscent of the well-known -regime of unmagnetized RF discharges.
Analysis of the karyotype structure in Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767): inferences about the chromosomal evolution of the tribes of Harpactorinae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae)

Abstract The subfamily Harpactorinae is composed of six tribes. Phylogenetic studies bring together some of Harpactorinae tribes, but by and large the data on evolutionary relationships of the subfamily are scarce. Chromosome studies are of great importance for understanding the systematics of different groups of insects. For Harpactorinae, these studies are restricted to some subfamilies and involved only conventional chromosome analysis. This work analyzed cytogenetically Ricolla quadrispinosa (Linneus, 1767). The chromosome number was determined as 2n = 24 + X1X2Y in males. In metaphase II the autosomal chromosomes were organized in a ring with the pseudo-trivalent of sex chromosomes in its center. After C-banding followed by staining with DAPI, AT-rich blocks in autosomes were observed and the negatively heteropycnotic sex chromosomes. The data obtained, together with existing data for other species of the group, indicated that different chromosomal rearrangements are involved in the evolution of the species. In addition, a proposal of karyotype evolution for the subfamily, based on existing phylogenetic studies for the group is presented.
Report Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorders in adolescents : a pilot study

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a chronic, debilitating psychiatric condition, which affects approximately 1% of the population. BP is associated with comorbid psychiatric disabilities and substance abuse problems and often is disruptive to family, social, academic and vocational functioning (1–3). In fact, BP was recently ranked as the world’s eighth greatest cause of medical disability (4). In addition, BP carries high mortality rates, as onethird of BP patients have attempted suicide at least once (5, 6). Given the severity and chronicity of BP, along with its impact on society, it is imperative that adequate, empirically supported interventions are available for individuals who are diagnosed with this disorder. Although significant research has been dedicated to developing and evaluating treatments for adult BP (7–9), interventions for pediatric BP have only begun to emerge in the literature in the past decade. There is a growing body of literature suggesting that combined psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions are optimal for treatment of adults with BP (10, 11), with recent national efforts focusing on developing consensus Feeny NC, Danielson CK, Schwartz L, Youngstrom EA, Findling RL. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for bipolar disorders in adolescents: a pilot study. Bipolar Disord 2006: 8: 508–515. a Blackwell Munksgaard, 2006
Conception et Validation Expérimentale d’un Assistant Numérique pour l’Inclusion Scolaire d’Enfants avec Troubles du Spectre Autistique en Classe Ordinaire

Bien que reconnue comme critique pour le devenir socio-professionnel desenfants avec Troubles du Spectre Autistique (TSA), l’inclusion scolaire en classeordinaire demeure en France peu acces- sible pour ce public. En effet, lefonctionnement cognitif atypique associe aux limitations des comportements socioadaptatifs(communication, socialisation, autonomie etc.), se heurte bien souvent auxconditions normees des milieux ordinaires tels que l’ecole. Les nouvelles technologiessont aujourd’hui pressenties comme leviers prometteurs pour surmonter ces barrieres al’inclusion scolaire. Cependant, malgre un marche plethorique de technologies ciblantles TSA, les etudes scientifiques manquent pour statuer sur leur efficacite mais aussisur les fondements memes de leur conception.Ce travail presente la conception et la validation d’applications mobiles pourl’inclusion scolaire d’enfants avec TSA en classe ordinaire au travers de trois etudes.Dans une approche centree- utilisateur, l’Etude 1 presente des principes de conceptiond’applications d’assistance aux activites de classe et activites communicationnelles desenfants avec TSA pour une utilisation in situ. Dans une approche centree utilisateur etde recherche clinique pilote, l’Etude 2 presente les principes de conception et lavalidation experimentale d’une application d’assistance a la regulation emotionnelledes enfants TSA en classe ordinaire. Les resultats indiquent des benefices sur lescomportements d’auto-regulation ainsi que sur les processus sociocognitifs sousjacents.Enfin, dans une approche cross-syndromes, l’Etude 3 presente les resultatsd’une intervention globale reposant sur des ap- plications d’assistance et deremediation cognitives (dispositif College+) deployees aupres de 48 enfants et visant asoutenir la primo-inclusion en classe ordinaire d’enfants avec TSA et d’enfants nonTSA (avec Deficiences intellectuelles ou troubles globaux de l’apprentissage). Desbenefices sont rapportes pour tous les enfants equipes en termes de comportementssocio-adaptatifs, de reponse sociale et de fonctionnement sociocognitif. Aussi, de pluslarges benefices sont observes pour les enfants TSA revelant ainsi la pertinence del’intervention College+ pour le public avec TSA.En conclusion, un approche systemique dans la conception et l’experimentationd’applications mobiles a permis des ameliorations dans l’adaptation descomportements et du fonctionnement socio-cognitif, cruciaux dans la reussite d’uneinclusion scolaire en classe ordinaire. Cette approche semble donc prometteuse poursoutenir l’inclusion scolaire en milieu ordinaire des enfants avec TSA, et offre delarges perspectives de travail, tant sur l’enrichissement des contenus, la conception denouvelles applications que des methodes de validation experimentale.
Does Cognitive Interference Induce Measurement Bias in Cognitive Ability Tests

The aim of this paper was to test for measurement bias, due to cognitive interference on cognitive ability tests, using a structural equation modeling technique. The sample consisted of 231 undergraduate students who were examined with three tests addressed to numerical ability, space visualization and inductive ability, respectively. They were also asked to respond to the Cognitive Interference Questionnaire tapping task-oriented worries while working on the aforementioned tests. In comparing two nested models, one hypothesizing measurement bias due to cognitive interference and one not, results show that the test tapping inductive ability displays measurement bias due to cognitive interference.
Modelling magnetic saturation effects in IPMSMs for use in sensorless saliency based methods

A model of the IPMSM with magnetic saturation is presented. The model is based on flux linkage data from a finite element model where the anhysteretic BH curve is included in the material properties of the stator and rotor. The simulated flux linkage data are used in a modified IPMSM dq model using two look up tables. Using the modified IPMSM model with the flux linkage data, simulation results are obtained and corn- paired with experimental results. Both simulation and experimental results reveals a large but similar significant differential inductance variation. The inductance variation may influence sensorless saliency based methods which is based on the inductance in the d- and q-axis of the machine. The post processing of the results gave rise to a sensorless position estimation method based on principle component analysis (PCA).
The  ${k}$ -Unanimity Rule for Self-Organized Decision-Making in Swarms of Robots

In this paper, we propose a collective decision-making method for swarms of robots. The method enables a robot swarm to select, from a set of possible actions, the one that has the fastest mean execution time. By means of positive feedback the method achieves consensus on the fastest action. The novelty of our method is that it allows robots to collectively find consensus on the fastest action without measuring explicitly the execution times of all available actions. We study two analytical models of the decision-making method in order to understand the dynamics of the consensus formation process. Moreover, we verify the applicability of the method in a real swarm robotics scenario. To this end, we conduct three sets of experiments that show that a robotic swarm can collectively select the shortest of two paths. Finally, we use a Monte Carlo simulation model to study and predict the influence of different parameters on the method.
Structural and Semantic Indexing for Supporting Creation of Multilingual Web Pages

There are two ways of translating web pages. One is preparing translated web pages made by the webmaster. Another is using web translation services. The former way has a merit that translated web pages consist of natural sentence. It imposes, however, a burden on webmaster. The latter way has a merit that it doesn’t impose a burden on the webmaster. It often makes, however, unnatural sentences the webmaster doesn’t intend. In this paper, we propose a new method that makes natural sentences by using an analysis of sentence structures and what each word means. This system lightens a burden on the webmaster analyzing sentence structures and what each word means almost automatically. Keyword Web,Multilingualization,Translation,Semantic Web
Algorithmic methodologies for ultra-efficient inexact architectures for sustaining technology scaling

Owing to a growing desire to reduce energy consumption and widely anticipated hurdles to the continued technology scaling promised by Moore's law, techniques and technologies such as inexact circuits and probabilistic CMOS (PCMOS) have gained prominence. These radical approaches trade accuracy at the hardware level for significant gains in energy consumption, area, and speed. While holding great promise, their ability to influence the broader milieu of computing is limited due to two shortcomings. First, they were mostly based on ad-hoc hand designs and did not consider algorithmically well-characterized automated design methodologies. Also, existing design approaches were limited to particular layers of abstraction such as physical, architectural and algorithmic or more broadly software. However, it is well-known that significant gains can be achieved by optimizing across the layers. To respond to this need, in this paper, we present an algorithmically well-founded cross-layer co-design framework (CCF) for automatically designing inexact hardware in the form of datapath elements. Specifically adders and multipliers, and show that significant associated gains can be achieved in terms of energy, area, and delay or speed. Our algorithms can achieve these gains with adding any additional hardware overhead. The proposed CCF framework embodies a symbiotic relationship between architecture and logic-layer design through the technique of probabilistic pruning combined with the novel confined voltage scaling technique introduced in this paper, applied at the physical layer. A second drawback of the state of the art with inexact design is the lack of physical evidence established through measuring fabricated ICs that the gains and other benefits that can be achieved are valid. Again, in this paper, we have addressed this shortcoming by using CCF to fabricate a prototype chip implementing inexact data-path elements; a range of 64-bit integer adders whose outputs can be erroneous. Through physical measurements of our prototype chip wherein the inexact adders admit expected relative error magnitudes of 10% or less, we have found that cumulative gains over comparable and fully accurate chips, quantified through the area-delay-energy product, can be a multiplicative factor of 15 or more. As evidence of the utility of these results, we demonstrate that despite admitting error while achieving gains, images processed using the FFT algorithm implemented using our inexact adders are visually discernible.
Sleeping Beauty transposon-based system for cellular reprogramming and targeted gene insertion in induced pluripotent stem cells

The discovery of direct cell reprogramming and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology opened up new avenues for the application of non-viral, transposon-based gene delivery systems. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon is highly advanced for versatile genetic manipulations in mammalian cells. We established iPS cell reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human foreskin fibroblasts by transposition of OSKM (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc) and OSKML (OSKM + Lin28) expression cassettes mobilized by the SB100X hyperactive transposase. The efficiency of iPS cell derivation with SB transposon system was in the range of that obtained with retroviral vectors. Co-expression of the miRNA302/367 cluster together with OSKM significantly improved reprogramming efficiency and accelerated the temporal kinetics of reprogramming. The iPS cells displayed a stable karyotype, and hallmarks of pluripotency including expression of stem cell markers and the ability to differentiate into embryoid bodies in vitro. We demonstrate Cre recombinase-mediated exchange allowing simultaneous removal of the reprogramming cassette and targeted knock-in of an expression cassette of interest into the transposon-tagged locus in mouse iPS cells. This strategy would allow correction of a genetic defect by site-specific insertion of a therapeutic gene construct into ‘safe harbor’ sites in the genomes of autologous, patient-derived iPS cells.
Local contrast enhancement

We introduce a novel algorithm for local contrast enhancement. The algorithm exploits a background image which is estimated with an edge-preserving filter. The background image controls a gain which enhances important details hidden in underexposed regions of the input image. Our designs for the gain, edge-preserving filter and chrominance recovery avoid artifacts and ensure the superior image quality of our results, as extensively validated by user evaluations. Unlike previous local contrast methods, ours is fully automatic in the sense that it can be directly applied to any input image with no parameter adjustment. This is because we exploit a trainable decision mechanism which classifies images as benefiting from enhancement or otherwise. Finally, a novel windowed TRC mechanism based on monotonic regression ensures that the algorithm takes only 0.3 s to process a 10 MPix image on a 3 GHz Pentium.
The meaning of student engagement and disengagement in the classroom context: lessons from organisational behaviour

Abstract Despite the popularity of student engagement and, by association, student disengagement, the academic literature is unclear about the meaning of these terms. This review extends existing conceptual studies of student engagement by offering clear definitions and conceptualisations of both student engagement and disengagement in the classroom context. To develop these conceptualisations, the present review draws upon organisational behaviour theory on work engagement and disengagement because the literature in this discipline is notably more refined than in educational research. Using an organisational behaviour backdrop, student engagement and disengagement are defined by the degree of students’ activation and pleasure. In order to operationalise student engagement, measures that are aligned with the proposed conceptualisation are recommended. Recommendations are also suggested for the development of a measure of student disengagement. The proposed measurement of student engagement and disengagement should provide a unified direction for future empirical research on these topics.
Interesting areas in radar gridmaps for vehicle self-localization

This paper compares three methods for extraction of interesting areas from radar gridmaps. Such interesting areas are useful for vehicle self-localization. The regarded methods are based on DBSCAN, MSER and Connected Components. Experimental data is collected from six test drives along the same route. The Connected Components algorithm performs best on this data with regard to the quality aspects: robustness, completeness, and computational cost.
The features-based evolution of the opinions in forums using a semantic summarization approach

The consumers do not often express their opinions on the entity itself, but about its features. Our overall goal is represented by the visualization of the evolution of opinions in a collection of forums data, which simplifies the graph with messages that contain opinions. In the final graph, each node resulted from the aggregation of the opinions with the same polarity from the neighboring nodes contains the opinion polarity and words that give the respective polarity. For this purpose, in this paper we identify the features for a target entity, we search opinions about features and we analyze the opinion sentences. In the proposed solution, we adopt an approach to opinion summarization.
GA automated design and synthesis of analog circuits with practical constraints

The paper develops a genetic algorithm (GA) based "growing" technique to design and synthesise analogue circuits with practical constraints, such as the manufacturer's preferred component values. Most existing problems when evolutionary search techniques are applied to circuit design are addressed. The developed GA technique is then applied both to synthesise the topology of a network and perform value optimisation on the components based on a set of commonly used component values (E-12 series). Passive filter networks synthesised this way are realisable, effective and of novel topology. It is anticipated that this technique can be extended to active networks.
Accepting deviant identities: the impact of self-labeling on intentions to desist from crime*

Abstract Although the effects of official labeling on delinquency have been explored extensively in past research, the way in which offenders apply labels to themselves, and the impact such labeling has on desistance, has received relatively little attention among researchers. Further, most of the research on the relationship between self-labeling and desistance is qualitative in nature. Although some quantitative researchers have explored this area, limitations to these studies still exist. To extend research in this area, a quantitative examination of self-labeling is conducted based on data from a survey of incarcerated felons. This quantitative study explores inmates’ identities and how such identities relate to their intentions to desist from crime. Findings from the current study supplement previous qualitative studies and suggest that a sizeable proportion of inmates identify as having a ‘straight’ or conventional label, despite their criminal behavior. Further, the specific labels inmates in the study identify with appear to have direct consequences on their intentions to desist after release. Implications for theory, policy, and future research are discussed.
Synchronization and continuity of action

Is there any future for the activity approach? Has it exhausted its potential yet? We suggest the scheme of “subject-action-object-surrounding world” instead of “subject-activity-object”. This scheme takes us beyond the limits of a singular action where the accent is laid on synchronization with one of the processes in the world around. The time coincidence is to be realized, and the subject foresees it. The subject referred to is a group of people performing a united action. Thus we oppose a singular action to interaction of individuals in cooperative action amidst processes taking place in the world around and within a variety of other actions. We found it useful to extend the concept of activity and to speak of the life-activity, embracing many vital processes of individuals or groups engaged in a certain activity.
Non Linear Programming (NLP) Formulation for Quantitative Modeling of Protein Signal Transduction Pathways

Modeling of signal transduction pathways plays a major role in understanding cells' function and predicting cellular response. Mathematical formalisms based on a logic formalism are relatively simple but can describe how signals propagate from one protein to the next and have led to the construction of models that simulate the cells response to environmental or other perturbations. Constrained fuzzy logic was recently introduced to train models to cell specific data to result in quantitative pathway models of the specific cellular behavior. There are two major issues in this pathway optimization: i) excessive CPU time requirements and ii) loosely constrained optimization problem due to lack of data with respect to large signaling pathways. Herein, we address both issues: the former by reformulating the pathway optimization as a regular nonlinear optimization problem; and the latter by enhanced algorithms to pre/post-process the signaling network to remove parts that cannot be identified given the experimental conditions. As a case study, we tackle the construction of cell type specific pathways in normal and transformed hepatocytes using medium and large-scale functional phosphoproteomic datasets. The proposed Non Linear Programming (NLP) formulation allows for fast optimization of signaling topologies by combining the versatile nature of logic modeling with state of the art optimization algorithms.