Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Personality Type And Leadership Focus

The role of the organisation leader requires by most definitions a multifold focus across the various elements of the organisation and the environment within which the organisation operates. The effective leader is expected to address stakeholder needs, be an agent of change, instill followership amongst staff, and set the course for the organisation. To realise these expectations, the organisation leader must manage both the complexity of trends, shocks and uncertainties in the external environment that may affect the organisation, and the internal human and organisational dynamics that will maximise organisation potential. A number of skill-sets are needed for the leader to be able to manage such complexity. Moreover, a meta-skill may need to be evident to achieve the most appropriate balance of focus across the various areas demanding leadership attention. Leadership skills can be considered in two broad categories (Patterson, Grenny, McMillan and Switzler, 1996). Firstly, there are those skills concerning what happens within the organisation. These internal factors include managing and motivating people, organising staff into effective structures, communicating direction, and developing or recruiting the necessary skills required for organisation effectiveness. Then there are the skills necessary to notice, understand and respond to the various external factors that affect the organisation. These factors may include developments in the areas of technology, government, environment, society and the economy. They are also likely to include global trends, shocks and uncertainties, as well as competitor responses to the external environment. It has become common parlance in the arena of business leadership that leadership is a multiple. Most organisations of substance have an executive team and/or a board that work together to lead and direct the organisation's activities. The effective leader leverages this team and delegates effectively in order to best compensate for those leadership attributes that are subordinate or weaker in that leader's personality and competency make-up. Such leveraging and delegation most likely demonstrates a meta-skill of the effective business leader.
Sex Differences on Piaget's Water-Level Task: Spatial Ability Incognito

Sherman's (1967) hypothesis that sex differences in performance on many cognitive tasks can be explained by sex differences in spatial ability was extended to explain sex differences in performance on Piaget's water-level task. The hypothesis was supported. The correlations between average errors on the water-level task and performance on the Primary Mental Abilities, Spatial Relations Test were –. 83 for 12th-grade males, –. 97 for 12th-grade females, –. 65 for fifth-grade males, and –. 42 for fifth-grade females. Statistically significant sex differences were found on both the spatial test and the water-level task for the 12th graders, while neither test showed significant sex differences for the fifth graders. An analysis of covariance of sex differences in 12th graders' scores on the water-level task, using spatial performance as a covariate, indicated that sex differences were not statistically significant, suggesting that no important sex differences remain on the water-level task once differences in spatial ability have been removed.
Physical and Mental Health Effects of Surviving Layoffs: A Longitudinal Examination

Layoffs 1 Running head: HEALTH EFFECTS OF SURVIVING LAYOFFS Physical and Mental Health Effects of Surviving Layoffs: A Longitudinal Examination Sarah Moore Leon Grunberg Richard Anderson-Connolly University of Puget Sound Edward Greenberg University of Colorado, Boulder Corresponding Author: Dr. Sarah Moore Department of Psychology University of Puget Sound 1500 N. Warner St. Tacoma, WA 98416 Tel. (253) 879-3749 FAX (253) 879-3500 email: smoore@ups.edu This research was supported by Grant no. AA10690-02 from the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health.
User evaluation of the work environment: a diagnostic approach

L’evaluation des environnements de travail est nee de la discipline de la psychologie de l’environnement. L’evaluation des espaces vise l’experience des employes relative a leur environnement de travail plutot que l’evaluation des activites et des competences. En examinant de pres l’historique de l’evaluation environnementale, on peut constater les diverses orientations developpees dans ce domaine. Selon l’approche cognitive, l’environnement de travail se definit selon l’evaluation qu’en font les occupants. La methode diagnostique sur laquelle porte cet article releve du modele cognitif des relations personne-environnement. Cette approche a evolue a partir de nombreuses enquetes menees aupres des occupants des bureaux. Les resultats fournissent non seulement une meilleure comprehension de la psychologie des usagers des espaces de travail, mais aussi une facon systematique d’etablir les priorites d’intervention pour ameliorer le niveau de confort relatif au fonctionnement des systemes techniques de l’immeuble a bureaux. Concue il y a quelques annees et facilement adaptee a de multiples usages, cette methode s’avere etre un outil de mesure qui donne des resultats aussi interessants pour les managers, les designers et les responsables des immeubles que pour les chercheurs concernant l’experience du confort dans les espaces de travail. Une etude de cas demontre une application de la methode diagnostique dans le cas d’un projet de construction d’un nouvel espace de travail. Les resultats ont permis aux gestionnaires et aux decideurs de tirer des conclusions importantes concernant l’amenagement interieur.
Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol.

We are grateful for the comments of Kenneth Arrow, Kennette Benedict, Robert Biller, David Brereton, Louise Comfort, Jerry Feldman, Victor Fuchs, Anne Miner, J. Rounds, Alan Saltzstein, Guje Sevon, and J. Serge Taylor; for the assistance of Julia Ball; and for grants from the Spencer Foundation, Brookings Institution, Hoover Institution, and National Institute of Education. Formal theories of rational choice suggest that information about the possible consequences of alternative actions will be sought and used only if the precision, relevance, and reliability of the information are compatible with its cost. Empirical studies of information in organizations portray a pattern that is hard to rationalize in such terms. In particular, organizations systematically gather more information than they use, yet continue to ask for more. We suggest that this behavior is a consequence of some ways in which organizational settings for information use differ from those anticipated in a simple decision-theory vision. In particular, the use of information is embedded in social normsthat make it highly symbolic. Some of the implications of such a pattern of information use are discussed.
Fathers, adolescent daughters and gender in a low-income South African community

Knowledge about father–adolescent daughter relationships is mostly based on research in North-American and European contexts. Furthermore, it tends to rely on either fathers' or daughters' perspectives, and not on dyadic data. Informed by a social constructionist perspective, this study investigated the fatherhood constructions of fathers and adolescent daughters in a South African low-income community. We used Charmaz' social constructionist grounded theory method. Forty-two interviews were conducted separately with fourteen fathers and their adolescent daughters. Five conceptual categories were identified: (i) Predominance of fathers' provider role; (ii) Fathers and daughters having an ‘understanding’ in which daughters apparently complied with fathers authoritarian positions; (iii) explicit expressions of affection were mostly limited to special occasions; (iv) Fathers wished a better future for their daughters and attempted to keep them on track to such a future and (v) lastly, Fathers' expected daughters to follow their instructions and not their bad examples. Our findings highlight the influential and constricting role of dominant masculine and feminine gender notions in the discourses and practices of the fathers and adolescent daughters in our study. However, some evidence of contestations were present that suggests the potential of a shift towards more equitable gender relations.
Integration of temporal and semantic components into the Geographic Information. Part II: Methodology

The overall objective of this research project is to enrich geographic data with temporal and semantic components in order to significantly improve spatio-temporal analysis of geographic phenomena. To achieve this goal, we intend to establish and incorporate three new layers (structures) into the core of the Geographic Information by using mark-up languages as well as defining a set of methods and tools for enriching the system to make it able to retrieve and exploit such layers (semantic-temporal, geosemantic, and incremental spatio-temporal). Besides these layers, we also propose a set of models (temporal and spatial) and two semantic engines that make the most of the enriched geographic data. The roots of the project and its definition have been previously presented in Siabato & Manso-Callejo 2011. In this new position paper, we extend such work by delineating clearly the methodology and the foundations on which we will base to define the main components of this research: the spatial model, the temporal model, the semantic layers, and the semantic engines. By putting together the former paper and this new work we try to present a comprehensive description of the whole process, from pinpointing the basic problem to describing and assessing the solution. In this new article we just mention the methods and the background to describe how we intend to define the components and integrate them into the GI.
An Introduction to Fractal Dynamics

Fractal dynamics is a unique, systems-based approach of looking at and thinking about organizations. In this view, the organization is viewed as part of a pervasive organizational fractal. Many astounding properties such as fractal completion, fractal influence and fractal universality emerge in fractal space. These offer new insight into the fundamental dynamics animating all organizations. Routine management tasks such as strategy formulation, cost cutting, process redesign, product formulation, management of change and leadership development can be conducted anew with powerful and innovative insights, unavailable when management is approached traditionally through a linear and sequential thinking approach. This article focuses primarily on the rationale for employing fractal dynamics, and on the search for the pervasive organizational fractal that animates all organizations. A brief example of how fractal dynamics offers insights in the case of management of change is also provided.
Effects of Strategy Instruction in an EFL Reading Comprehension Course: A Case Study (Efectos de la instrucción de estrategias en un curso de comprensión de lectura en inglés como lengua extranjera: un estudio de caso).

*Strategy instruction is useful in teaching contexts. This paper examines the effects of strategy instruction in an EFL reading comprehension course carried out with 26 undergraduate students at a Colombian university. As a research method, a case study was implemented. There were three instruments with which to collect data: reading comprehension tests, teacher’s field notes and self-reflection in class at the strategy instruction phase, and a learning perception questionnaire. Given that students improved in reading comprehension, it would seem that reading strategy instruction is indeed very useful. Also, it was noted that when students applied reading strategies, they became more self-confident and this in turn enhanced their motivation. Finally, when students applied the reading strategy approach, the use of dictionaries decreased considerably.
Introduction of a hierarchy to LOINC to facilitate public health reporting

Public health reporting of laboratory results requires unambiguous identification of the test performed and the result observed. Some laboratories are currently using Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes (LOINC) for the electronic reporting of laboratory tests and their results to public health departments. Initial use revealed inconsistent identification and use of LOINC concepts by laboratories and public health agencies and an inability to systematically extend, for public health use, the tables when adding new concepts. We applied simple, logical rules to existing LOINC concepts to facilitate the creation of a hierarchy of concepts and to allow the identification and specification of appropriate terms for public health reporting and subsequent data aggregation. The hierarchy also allows the systematic addition of new concepts further supporting public health reporting. Application of the hierarchy is illustrated by using all laboratory LOINC concepts assigned to the subset of microbiology test types (CLASS MICRO).
The Returns to Criminal Capital

Human capital theory posits that individuals increase their labor market returns through investments in education and training. This concept has been studied extensively across several disciplines. An analog concept of criminal capital, the focus of some speculation and limited empirical study, remains considerably less developed theoretically and methodologically. This article offers a formal theoretical model of criminal capital indicators and tests for greater illegal wage returns using a sample of serious adolescent offenders, many of whom participate in illegal income-generating activities. Our results reveal that, consistent with human capital theory, important illegal wage premiums are associated with investments in criminal capital, notably an increasing but declining marginal return to experience and a premium for specialization. Furthermore, as in studies of legal labor markets, we find strong evidence that, if left unaccounted for, nonrandom sample selection causes severe bias in models of illegal wages. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of these results, along with directions for future research.
Size matters: Constructing accountable bodies in NSPCC helpline interaction

The focus on body size or weight has become an increasing source of concern in western society, yet few studies have looked at how people invoke body size in various settings, and the practices to which such talk might be related. Hence this study examines instances in everyday and institutional interaction in which body size is treated as a relevant concern for speakers. A discursive psychological approach is used to examine five extracts from telephone calls to a National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) helpline. The analysis focuses on how the weight or body size of others is constructed and managed, and how these descriptions can be involved in various activities. Three analytic themes emerge – the focus on how formulations of size and embodiment are drawn upon in practice; the relationship between issues of size and issues of knowledge; and the activities in which different size descriptions are enrolled, in particular, the way these activities relate to the institutional practices of the NSPCC helpline. The empirical claims about the data are also related back to basic theoretical questions, raising profound issues about the way traditional psychology has constructed eating and embodiment.
Image pos-processing and inversion for eddy current crack detection problems

This paper describes how field invariances due to the geometrical properties of the excitation coil enhance the determination of different parameters of defects. Two probes, one circular and another with a parallelepiped shape, are used to detect and analyze cracks in an aluminum plate. The geometrical characteristics of these probes are used to improve the interpretation of the image signals obtained when a plate is scanned. A quite simple direct model based on a conformal mapping is obtained and used to seek for the solution of the inversion problem, when the parallelepiped probe is under use. The image processing algorithms results are compared with the experimental data acquired when a linear defect in a conductive plate is scanned.
Achievement loss associated with the transition to middle school and high school

Abstract To explore the nature of the achievement loss associated with school-to-school transitions from elementary school to middle school and to high school, the author compared 3 groups of 16 school districts in this ex post facto study. A statistically significant achievement loss associated with the transition from elementary school to middle school at 6th grade was found, as compared with K–8 schools that did not have a school-to-school transition at 6th grade. The transition loss in achievement was larger when students from multiple elementary schools were merged into a single middle school during the transition. The students from the middle schools and K–8 elementary schools experienced an achievement loss in the transition to high school at 9th grade. The achievement loss in the transition to high school was larger for middle school students than for K–8 elementary students. High school dropout rates were higher for districts with Grade 6–8 middle schools than for districts with K–8 elementary sc.
Experiencing Literacy in and Out of School: Case Studies of Two American Indian Youths

This case-study research focused on the role of multiple literacies in the lives of Lakota and Dakota (Sioux) young adolescents who lived and attended school in a predominately White, rural community in the upper Midwest. In addition to examining the participants' uses of reading and writing, this study explored the ways in which the participants constructed meaning through music, dance, and art. Also studied was the influence of multiple cultures - American Indian culture, school culture, and mainstream popular culture - on the adolescents' transactions with literacy. Data were collected both in and out of school over a period of 7 months. Primary collection techniques included participant observation and fieldnotes; interviews with the participants and their parents, peers, teachers, and administrators; and examination of artifacts. The findings of this study indicate that literacy supported important personal and social needs in the lives of the adolescents. Specifically, through literacy, they explored and expressed their sense of identity and examined critical issues related to prejudice, racism, and discrimination. Numerous questions remain as to the different ways persons experience literacy and illiteracy. How often is literacy defined in relation to illiteracy? How often does it actually signify academic literacy? How do diverse individuals become literate in an inequitable world? - Maxine Greene (1991, p. 129)
The clustering of Lyman-break galaxies

We calculate the statistical clustering of Lyman-break galaxies predicted in a selection of currently-fashionable structure formation scenarios. These models are all based on the cold dark matter model, but vary in the amount of dark matter, the initial perturbation spectrum, the background cosmology and in the presence or absence of a cosmological constant term. If Lyman-break galaxies form as a result of hierarchical merging, the amplitude of clustering depends quite sensitively on the minimum halo mass that can host such a galaxy. Interpretation of the recent observations by Giavalisco et al. (1998) would therefore be considerably clarified by a direct determination of the relevant halo properties. For a typical halo mass around 10 11 h −1 M⊙ the observations do not discriminate strongly between cosmological models, but if the appropriate mass is larger, say 10 12 h −1 M⊙ (which seems likely on theoretical grounds), then the data strongly favour models with a low matter-density.
G protein‐coupled receptors and signaling pathways regulating growth responses 1

Hormones that interact with seven‐ transmembrane spanning receptors, generally con‐sidered to be involved in acute signaling functions, also induce longer term effects on gene expression and cell growth. These genetic and proliferative effects can be induced by activation of receptors that signal through heterotrimeric GTP‐binding proteins (G‐proteins) of the Gq family, pertussis toxin‐sensitive Gi/Go proteins, Gs, or G12/G13. Numerous growth‐promoting G protein‐coupled receptors activate the low molecular weight G‐protein Ras and stimulate mitogen‐activated protein kinase. Recent data suggest that c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase is also activated, possibly through interaction with low molecular weight G‐proteins of the Rho family. Because G protein‐coupled receptors lack intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, the mechanisms by which heterotrimeric G‐proteins couple to these kinase cascades remain to be elucidated. By analogy to growth factor receptors, G protein‐coupled receptors may access these kinase cascades through binding of adapter proteins or recruitment of cytosolic tyrosine kinases. It is likely that interactions between multiple signaling pathways are required for G protein‐coupled receptors to propagate signals to the nucleus. —Post, G. R. , Brown, J. H. G protein‐coupled receptors and signaling pathways regulating growth responses. FASEBJ. 10, 741‐749 (1996)
ONE CASE–ONE SPECIALIZED JUDGE: WHY COURTS HAVE AN OBLIGATION TO MANAGE ALIENATION AND OTHER HIGH-CONFLICT CASES

This article challenges the traditional approach to alienation and other high-conflict cases in which many different generalist judges deal with the case. The objectives of the judicial process, dealing with cases in a just, timely, and affordable way that instils confidence in the public and litigants, cannot be met unless high-conflict cases are actively managed by one specialist family law judge. Allowing parents in high-conflict cases to decide when and how often their case should come before the court exacerbates the negative effects of the litigation on children. This article concludes that, unless the litigation is properly managed by specialist judges, the justice system unintentionally causes harm to children.
The Association of Experienced Spousal Support With Marital Satisfaction: Evaluating the Moderating Effects of Sex, Ethnic Culture, and Type of Support

Considerable research suggests social support is one of the most important provisions of the marital relationship and an important determinant of marital satisfaction. To date, however, research exploring linkages between spousal support and marital satisfaction has not systematically examined whether some types of spousal support (e.g., emotional, informational, tangible) are especially strong correlates of marital satisfaction. In addition, it is not currently known whether the magnitude of the association between different types of spousal support and marital satisfaction varies as a function of factors such as spouses' sex and ethnic cultures. Thus, this study seeks to determine which types of spousal support are most strongly associated with marital satisfaction and whether these associations vary with spouses' sex and ethnic cultures. Participants (100 recently-married Americans and 102 recently-married Chinese) completed instruments providing assessments of marital quality, dyadic adjustment, and five types of experienced spousal support (emotional, esteem, informational, network, tangible). Despite certain measurement problems, results indicated that spousal emotional support was the strongest correlate of marital satisfaction and the magnitude of this association did not vary as a function of spouses' sex or ethnic cultures. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.