Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pilot Evaluation of Dermal Contamination by Antineoplastic Drugs among Hospital Pharmacy Personnel.

BACKGROUND It is believed that health care workers are exposed to antineoplastic drugs primarily via dermal contact. However, levels of occupational dermal contamination in Canada have not been formally investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the potential dermal exposure to antineoplastic drugs among hospital pharmacy personnel in a metropolitan area in British Columbia. METHODS Six hospital pharmacies in the Vancouver area participated in this pilot study. Three pharmacy workers (a technician responsible for preparing drugs, a pharmacist responsible for checking drugs before administration, and a technician not responsible for preparing drugs but working in the pharmacy department) were selected from each site, for a total of 18 participants. Each worker's hands were wiped with a premoistened tissue (one wipe per person), and the wipes were subsequently analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to determine levels of both cyclophosphamide and methotrexate (total of 36 analyses). RESULTS At 3 of the 6 sites, at least one hand-wipe sample was above the analytical detection limit. Of the 18 analyses from the 3 "positive" sites, 5 (28%) had measurable levels of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Cyclophosphamide was detected in 3 samples (geometric mean 0.98 ng, geometric standard deviation 2.72 ng, range from below limit of detection to 3.96 ng) and methotrexate in 2 samples (geometric mean 0.27 ng, geometric standard deviation 2.57 ng, range from below limit of detection to 0.27 ng). CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study suggest that hospital pharmacy workers in Metro Vancouver are probably exposed to antineoplastic drugs, given that detectable levels of drug were found on the hands of some personnel. Further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.
A Generalized Rotate-and-Fire Digital Spiking Neuron Model and Its On-FPGA Learning

A generalized rotate-and-fire digital spiking neuron model that can be implemented by a simple asynchronous sequential logic circuit is proposed. The model can exhibit various nonlinear phenomena and responses to stimulation inputs. It is shown that the model can reproduce five types of inhibitory responses of Izhikevich's simplified ordinary differential equation neuron model. In addition, field programmable gate array experiments show that a learning algorithm enables the model to automatically reproduce nonlinear responses of a biological neuron and neuron models in the neuron simulator.
Numerical Analysis of 3D Eddy Current Fields in Laminated Media Under Various Frequencies

A homogenization method for analyzing eddy current fields and resultant loss in laminated ferromagnetic media is presented, where the equivalent conductivity tensor proposed in a previous paper is applied. In order to compute fields at various frequencies, the formulas for the effective skin depths along different directions in the anisotropic solid core are derived, which are accompanied with a new scheme for finite element mesh generation. The proposed method is numerically investigated in a small iron core model over a very wide frequency range. The calculation results are compared with those from the direct method involving the actual description of the laminations and those from the traditional homogenization method. It is shown that the proposed method yields basically the same results as the direct method with much lower computational cost both in linear and nonlinear cases, whereas in some cases the traditional method results in large errors even at low frequencies.
Solving misfits in ERP implementations by SMEs

The gap between the organizational needs and the extent to which an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ enterprise resource planning (ERP) system can meet these is called a misfit. A framework is developed to distinguish actual from perceived misfits. This is used to analyse the ERP implementation at four small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises. The results show that they prefer to adjust the ERP system to their business processes when needed but often unnecessarily change the system to solve perceived misfits. The framework is a first step to prevent this unnecessary work in the future.
USING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR MODELLING WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF AGED 2024 and 6063 ALUMINIUM ALLOY Meyveci

This paper reports on the effectiveness of a back-propagation artificial neural network model that predicts the wear loss of 2024 and 6063 Al Alloy samples which have been aged different temperatures (140°C, 180 °C, 220 °C) and different aging time. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have the capacity to eliminate the need for expensive and difficult experimental investigation in testing and manufacturing processes. This paper shows that ANNs can be employed for optimizing the process parameters of aluminum alloys. Predicted values from the model and experimental values are in close agreement and this indicates the usefulness of applying ANNs in predicting wear loss results.
The China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1989–2011

The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) began in 1989 with the goal of creating a multilevel method of data collection from individuals and households and their communities to understand how the wide‐ranging social and economic changes in China affect a wide array of nutrition and health‐related outcomes. Initiated with a partial sample in 1989, the full survey runs from 1991 to 2011, and this issue documents the CHNS history. The CHNS cohort includes new household formation and replacement communities and households; all household members are studied. Furthermore, in‐depth community data are collected. The sample began with eight provinces and added a ninth, Heilongjiang, in 1997 and three autonomous cities, Beijing, Shanghai, and Chongqing, in 2011. The in‐depth community contextual measures have allowed us to create a unique measure of urbanicity that captures major dimensions of modernization across all 288 communities currently in the CHNS sample. The standardized, validated urbanicity measure captures the changes in 12 dimensions: population density; economic activity; traditional markets; modern markets; transportation infrastructure; sanitation; communications; housing; education; diversity; health infrastructure; and social services. Each is based on numerous measures applicable to each dimension. They are used jointly and separately in hundreds of studies.
Data Mining the Web: Uncovering Patterns in Web Content, Structure, and Usage

PREFACE. PART I: WEB STRUCTURE MINING. 1 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL AND WEB SEARCH. Web Challenges. Web Search Engines. Topic Directories. Semantic Web. Crawling the Web. Web Basics. Web Crawlers. Indexing and Keyword Search. Document Representation. Implementation Considerations. Relevance Ranking. Advanced Text Search. Using the HTML Structure in Keyword Search. Evaluating Search Quality. Similarity Search. Cosine Similarity. Jaccard Similarity. Document Resemblance. References. Exercises. 2 HYPERLINK-BASED RANKING. Introduction. Social Networks Analysis. PageRank. Authorities and Hubs. Link-Based Similarity Search. Enhanced Techniques for Page Ranking. References. Exercises. PART II: WEB CONTENT MINING. 3 CLUSTERING. Introduction. Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering. k-Means Clustering. Probabilty-Based Clustering. Finite Mixture Problem. Classification Problem. Clustering Problem. Collaborative Filtering (Recommender Systems). References. Exercises. 4 EVALUATING CLUSTERING. Approaches to Evaluating Clustering. Similarity-Based Criterion Functions. Probabilistic Criterion Functions. MDL-Based Model and Feature Evaluation. Minimum Description Length Principle. MDL-Based Model Evaluation. Feature Selection. Classes-to-Clusters Evaluation. Precision, Recall, and F-Measure. Entropy. References. Exercises. 5 CLASSIFICATION. General Setting and Evaluation Techniques. Nearest-Neighbor Algorithm. Feature Selection. Naive Bayes Algorithm. Numerical Approaches. Relational Learning. References. Exercises. PART III: WEB USAGE MINING. 6 INTRODUCTION TO WEB USAGE MINING. Definition of Web Usage Mining. Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining. Clickstream Analysis. Web Server Log Files. Remote Host Field. Date/Time Field. HTTP Request Field. Status Code Field. Transfer Volume (Bytes) Field. Common Log Format. Identification Field. Authuser Field. Extended Common Log Format. Referrer Field. User Agent Field. Example of a Web Log Record. Microsoft IIS Log Format. Auxiliary Information. References. Exercises. 7 PREPROCESSING FOR WEB USAGE MINING. Need for Preprocessing the Data. Data Cleaning and Filtering. Page Extension Exploration and Filtering. De-Spidering the Web Log File. User Identification. Session Identification. Path Completion. Directories and the Basket Transformation. Further Data Preprocessing Steps. References. Exercises. 8 EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS FOR WEB USAGE MINING. Introduction. Number of Visit Actions. Session Duration. Relationship between Visit Actions and Session Duration. Average Time per Page. Duration for Individual Pages. References. Exercises. 9 MODELING FOR WEB USAGE MINING: CLUSTERING, ASSOCIATION, AND CLASSIFICATION. Introduction. Modeling Methodology. Definition of Clustering. The BIRCH Clustering Algorithm. Affinity Analysis and the A Priori Algorithm. Discretizing the Numerical Variables: Binning. Applying the A Priori Algorithm to the CCSU Web Log Data. Classification and Regression Trees. The C4.5 Algorithm. References. Exercises. INDEX.
Harming the Dead

It is widely accepted that a person can be harmed by events that occur after her death. The most influential account of how persons can suffer such posthumous harm has been provided by George Pitcher and Joel Feinberg. Yet, despite its influence (or perhaps because of it) the Feinberg-Pitcher account of posthumous harm has been subject to several well-known criticisms. Surprisingly, there has been no attempt to defend this account of posthumous harm against these criticisms, either by philosophers who work on the metaphysics of death or by those who draw upon this account of posthumous harm in their work in other philosophical fields. This paper will rectify this omission, by defending this view against the criticisms it has been subject to-a defense that will both be of intrinsic interest to those who work on the metaphysics of death and that will remedy the lacunae in the wide-ranging philosophical literature that draws upon this account of how posthumous harm is possible.
Extension of Zipf’s Law to Words and Phrases

Zipf's law states that the frequency of word tokens in a large corpus of natural language is inversely proportional to the rank. The law is investigated for two languages English and Mandarin and for n-gram word phrases as well as for single words. The law for single words is shown to be valid only for high frequency words. However, when single word and n-gram phrases are combined together in one list and put in order of frequency the combined list follows Zipf's law accurately for all words and phrases, down to the lowest frequencies in both languages. The Zipf curves for the two languages are then almost identical.
Fungicidal Synergism of Fluconazole and Cyclosporine in Candida albicans Is Not Dependent on Multidrug Efflux Transporters Encoded by the CDR1, CDR2, CaMDR1, and FLU1 Genes

ABSTRACT The combination of fluconazole (FLC) and cyclosporine (CY) is fungicidal in FLC-susceptible C. albicans (O. Marchetti, P. Moreillon, M. P. Glauser, J. Bille, and D. Sanglard, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2373-2381, 2000). The mechanism of this synergism is unknown. CY has several cellular targets including multidrug efflux transporters. The hypothesis that CY might inhibit FLC efflux was investigated by comparing the effect of FLC-CY in FLC-susceptible parent CAF2-1 (FLC MIC, 0.25 mg/liter) and in FLC-hypersusceptible mutant DSY1024 (FLC MIC, 0.03 mg/liter), in which the CDR1, CDR2, CaMDR1, and FLU1 transporter genes have been selectively deleted. We postulated that a loss of the fungicidal effect of FLC-CY in DSY1024 would confirm the roles of these efflux pumps. Time-kill curve studies showed a more potent fungistatic effect of FLC (P = 0.05 at 48 h with an inoculum of 103 CFU/ml) and a more rapid fungicidal effect of FLC-CY (P = 0.05 at 24 h with an inoculum of 103 CFU/ml) in the FLC-hypersusceptible mutant compared to those in the parent. Rats with experimental endocarditis were treated for 2 or 5 days with high-dose FLC, high-dose CY, or both drugs combined. FLC monotherapy for 5 days was more effective against the hypersusceptible mutant than against the parent. However, the addition of CY to FLC still conferred a therapeutic advantage in animals infected with mutant DSY1024, as indicated by better survival (P = 0.04 versus the results obtained with FLC) and sterilization of valves and kidneys after a very short (2-day) treatment (P = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively, versus the results obtained with FLC). Both in vitro and in vivo experiments consistently showed that the deletion of the four membrane transporters in DSY1024 did not result in loss of the fungicidal effect of FLC-CY. Yet, the accelerated killing in the mutant suggested a “dual-hit” mechanism involving FLC hypersusceptibility due to the efflux pump elimination and fungicidal activity conferred by CY. Thus, inhibition of multidrug efflux transporters encoded by CDR1, CDR2, CaMDR1, and FLU1 genes is not responsible for the fungicidal synergism of FLC-CY. Other cellular targets must be considered.
HDMX-L Is Expressed from a Functional p53-responsive Promoter in the First Intron of the HDMX Gene and Participates in an Autoregulatory Feedback Loop to Control p53 Activity*

The p53 regulatory network is critically involved in preventing the initiation of cancer. In unstressed cells, p53 is maintained at low levels and is largely inactive, mainly through the action of its two essential negative regulators, HDM2 and HDMX. p53 abundance and activity are up-regulated in response to various stresses, including DNA damage and oncogene activation. Active p53 initiates transcriptional and transcription-independent programs that result in cell cycle arrest, cellular senescence, or apoptosis. p53 also activates transcription of HDM2, which initially leads to the degradation of HDMX, creating a positive feedback loop to obtain maximal activation of p53. Subsequently, when stress-induced post-translational modifications start to decline, HDM2 becomes effective in targeting p53 for degradation, thus attenuating the p53 response. To date, no clear function for HDMX in this critical attenuation phase has been demonstrated experimentally. Like HDM2, the HDMX gene contains a promoter (P2) in its first intron that is potentially inducible by p53. We show that p53 activation in response to a plethora of p53-activating agents induces the transcription of a novel HDMX mRNA transcript from the HDMX-P2 promoter. This mRNA is more efficiently translated than that expressed from the constitutive HDMX-P1 promoter, and it encodes a long form of HDMX protein, HDMX-L. Importantly, we demonstrate that HDMX-L cooperates with HDM2 to promote the ubiquitination of p53 and that p53-induced HDMX transcription from the P2 promoter can play a key role in the attenuation phase of the p53 response, to effectively diminish p53 abundance as cells recover from stress.
Effects of radiofrequency radiation on root tip cells of Zea mays

In this study, the mutagenic effects of low power radiofrequency radiation on Zea mays root tip were studied. Cells in different division phases and chromosomal aberration assay were used to determine the mitotic index and chromosomal aberration frequency of Zea mays root tip cells induced by 900MHz radiofrequency radiation. Zea mays seeds, having a uniform genophond, have been exposed to RF field of low power density, for different time intervals, between 1.0 and 36.0 hours. Exposure to RF field was applied to seeds before germination process. Continuous wave on 900 MHz was used for irradiation. Incident field distribution in the irradiation area was characterized, so as an as possible as uniform field to be applied in the volume of the sample. The results showed that the mitotic index and chromosomal aberration frequency showed linear increasing for radiofrequency radiation treatment of increased exposure time.
Efficient fault emulation using automatic pre-injection memory access analysis

The complexity of SoCs has been increasing enormously over the last years. This increases the effort for testing the SoCs against natural external influences and fault attacks. These tests require a huge amount of time because of the large fault scenario space. In this paper a novel method is presented on reduction of system test duration. This speed-up is reached by observing memory accesses during a golden model run to find security relevant regions in memories. Therefore, a novel monitor module has been designed and tested which stores the used memory addresses together with the access time stamps.
Construction d'un algorithme d'accélération de la méthode des «simulations dans les simulations» pour le calcul du capital économique Solvabilité II

La methode dite des «simulations dans les simulations» (SdS) est a ce jour, pour les portefeuilles d'assurance-vie, une des methodes de calcul du capital economique les plus conformes aux criteres de Solvabilite II. Or cette approche conduit a des temps de calculs consequents allant jusqu'a compromettre son applicabilite au sein de certaines compagnies. L'algorithme que nous presentons dans cet article permet de reduire tres significativement le nombre de simulations effectuees dans le cadre d'une projection SdS. L'automate de calcul que nous avons developpe, nomme «accelerateur SdS», repose sur une «localisation», par le biais de facteurs de risques, des situations les plus adverses en termes de solvabilite. La reduction des temps de projection resultant de la mise en œuvre de l'accelerateur SdS rend desormais l'approche « simulations dans les simulations » envisageable quelles que soient la taille et la structure de la compagnie consideree.
Effect of high altitude exposure on spermatogenesis and epididymal sperm count in male rats

The present study was designed to determine the effect of exposure to high altitude on spermatogenesis using transillumination technique and sperm count in male rats. In addition, the effect of oral intubation for intragastric administration of vehicle on testicular parameters in adult male rats in a schedule of 42 days was assessed. Male rats were exposed to Cerro de Pasco (Peru) at 4340 m for 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days resulting in a modification of the pattern of the seminiferous tubule stages. At day 3, stages I, IV–V, VI, VII and IX–XI were relatively shorter at high altitude than at sea level. At day 7, stages VIII, IX–XI, XII and XIII–XIV were reduced. At day 14, stages VII, VIII and IX–XI were reduced. At day 21 and 28, stages VIII, XII and XIII–XIV were significantly increased at high altitude. At day 35 an increase in stage XIII–XIV was observed. At day 42, stages II–III, IX–XI and XII were significantly increased at high altitude. Epididymal sperm count was significantly reduced at day 7 of exposure to high altitude and maintained low levels with respect to sea level up to 42 days. In conclusion, high altitude exposure affects spermatogenesis, particularly onset of mitosis and spermiation. This in turn affects epididymal sperm count.
Frequency control by HVDC connected offshore wind farms for overfrequency limitation

This paper discusses the utilization options of high voltage direct current (HVDC) connected offshore wind farms (WFs) to contribute to the fast frequency control during overfrequency events. A disturbance such as a sudden loss of load in a grid will cause the frequency to increase; the first seconds in the response are shaped mainly by the total inertia level in the grid. With increasing share of inertia-less wind generation in modern grids, a fast overfrequency limiting control should be provided by the wind farms. Power reduction by pitching is the most common and straightforward method. Kinetic energy control can additionally reduce the overfrequency. An alternative strategy utilizing the HVDC chopper to limit the frequency overshoot is introduced in this paper. A test grid is used to analyze the performance of the above mentioned strategies. Significant improvements in the frequency response are achieved through combined strategies.
Inhibition of Apoptosis by Gamma Interferon in Cells and Mice Infected with Chlamydia muridarum (the Mouse Pneumonitis Strain of Chlamydia trachomatis)

ABSTRACT The effect of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) on apoptosis due to infection by Chlamydia muridarum (the mouse pneumonitis strain of Chlamydia trachomatis) was studied in epithelial cells in culture and in the genital tracts of mice. IFN-γ concentrations that induce the formation of aberrant, persistent chlamydiae inhibit apoptosis due to C. muridarum infection. In cells treated with an IFN-γ concentration that leads to the development of a heterogenous population of normal and aberrant Chlamydia vacuoles, apoptosis was inhibited preferentially in cells that contained the aberrant vacuoles. The inhibitory effect of IFN-γ appears to be due in part to expression of host cell indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity, since inhibition of apoptosis could be partially reversed through coincubation with exogenous tryptophan. Apoptotic cells were observed in the genital tracts of wild-type mice infected with C. muridarum, and a significantly larger number of apoptotic cells was detected in infected IFN-γ-deficient mice. These results suggest that IFN-γ may contribute to pathogenesis of persistent Chlamydia infections in vivo by preventing apoptosis of infected cells.
Structure et sémantique de la focalisation

In the first place, this paper shows that utterances with focus take different meanings at odds with a unitary definition of focus. These meanings fall into three main areas: identification, explanation and intensive exclamation. A new definition of focus is then put forward, as a specific mode of identification: assertion consists in the qualitative designation of an element whose existence is pre-asserted. This analysis accounts for the different meanings of focus-markers, through a regular mechanism which relates the utterance to the different contexts locating it. Various structures expressing focus in different languages are consequently accounted for, together with various related syntactic or semantic problems: aspecto-temporal conditioning, restrictive agreement, dependancy, correlation with nouns.
Fuzzy logic control for shared-autonomy in automotive swarm environment

The need for greater capacity in automotive transportation (in the midst of constrained resources) and the convergence of key technologies from multiple domains may eventually produce the emergence of a "swarm" concept of operations. The swarm, a collection of vehicles traveling at high speeds and in close proximity, will require management techniques to ensure safe, efficient, and reliable vehicle interactions. We propose a shared-autonomy approach in which the strengths of both human drivers and machines are employed in concert for this management. Inspired by prior research, a fuzzy logic-based control implementation is developed and described in this paper for the purpose of exploring the shared-autonomy concept.