Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Judgments under uncertainty: evaluations of univocal, ambiguous and conflicting probability information

People often have to make decisions about problems that not only involve a probability of a risk, but also an uncertainty around this probability. In this paper, uncertainty that arises through a lack of knowledge (i.e. ambiguity) is distinguished from uncertainty that results from conflicting knowledge on the hazard’s probability of occurring. Previous studies have shown that people are ambiguity averse when comparing a univocal risky option with an ambiguous option. Moreover, they appeared to be conflict averse when comparing an ambiguous option to a conflicting option. Relatively little is known about how people evaluate univocal, ambiguous and conflicting information about the riskiness or effectiveness of a problem. Two studies were therefore conducted to investigate people’s choices and their perception of univocal, ambiguous and conflicting probability information among various scenarios. Respondents mainly appeared conflict averse and were only ambiguity averse when the information included both numerical and verbal descriptions of the uncertainty. Moreover, they did not distinguish between ambiguous and conflicting information in their judgements. I suggest that it is easier for people to distinguish conflicting information from univocal information than from ambiguous information, because conflicting and univocal information differ on two dimensions, certainty and credibility, whereas ambiguous and univocal information only differ on the certainty dimension. Future research and communicators of conflicting uncertainty information should therefore focus on the cause of the conflict and on the credibility of the information sources.
Terrain‐based vehicle orientation estimation combining vision and inertial measurements

A novel method for estimating vehicle roll, pitch, and yaw using machine vision and inertial sensors is presented that is based on matching images captured from an on‐vehicle camera to a rendered representation of the surrounding terrain obtained from a three‐dimensional (3D) terrain map. U.S. Geographical Survey Digital Elevation Maps were used to create a 3D topology map of the geography surrounding the vehicle, and it is assumed in this work that large segments of the surrounding terrain are visible, particularly the horizon lines. The horizon lines seen in the captured video from the vehicle are compared to the horizon lines obtained from a rendered geography, allowing absolute comparisons between rendered and actual scene in roll, pitch, and yaw. A kinematic Kalman filter modeling an inertial navigation system then uses the scene matching to generate filtered estimates of orientation. Numerical simulations verify the performance of the Kalman filter. Experiments using an instrumented vehicle operating at the test track of the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute were performed to check the validity of the method. When compared to estimates from a global positioning system/inertial measurement unit (IMU) system, the roll, pitch, and yaw estimates from vision/IMU Kalman filter show an agreement with a (2σ) bound of 0.5, 0.26, and 0.8 deg, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid- and Long-Term Results of Endovascular Treatment in Thoracic Aorta Blunt Trauma

Study Aim. Evaluation of results in blunt injury of the thoracic aorta (BAI) endovascular treatment. Materials and Methods. Sixteen patients were treated for BAI. Thirteen patients had associated polytrauma, 4 of these had a serious hypotensive status and 4 had an hemothorax. In the remaining 3, two had a post-traumatic false aneurysm of the isthmus and 1 had a segmental dissection. In those 13 patients a periaortic hematoma was associated to hemothorax in 4. All patients were submitted to an endovascular treatment, in two cases the subclavian artery ostium was intentionally covered. Results. One patient died for disseminated intravascular coagulation. No paraplegia was recorded. No ischemic complications were observed. A type I endoleak was treated by an adjunctive cuff. During the followup (1–9 years) 3 patients were lost. A good patency and no endoleaks were observed in all cases. One infolding and 1 migration of the endografts were corrected by an adjunctive cuff. Conclusion. The medium and long term results of the endovascular treatment of BAI are encouraging with a low incidence rate of mortality and complications. More suitable endo-suite and endografts could be a crucial point for the further improvement of these results.
Pristupi zbrinjavanju djece bez odgovarajuće roditeljske skrbi u Europi

U radu je opisan proces javne deinstitucionalizacije skrbi za djecu u Europi. Pritome su se koristili pokazatelji kao sto je cestina izdvajanja, odnos institucionalnog i izvaninstitucionalnog zbrinjavanja, duljina i razlozi smjestaj. U Europi broj djece koja su smjestena u ustanovama je u stalnom opadanju, sto je prvenstveno posljedica razvoja alternativnih oblika zbrinjavanja Ipak, usporedba je pokazala da su razlike među europskim zemljama su velike. Dok je u zemljama Sjeverne i Zapadne Europe proces deinstitucionalizacije u zavrsnoj fazi, u zemljama Srednje i Istocne Europe je na pocetku. Ipak svagdje se razvija svijest da je taj proces nužan i neizbježan. U drugom dijelu rada uspoređena je situacija u Hrvatskoj u odnosu na druge europske zemlje. Pokazalo se da u nizu znacajnih pokazatelja je Hrvatska primjer dobre prakse javne skrbi za djecu u Jugoistocnoj Europi.
Second-Order Statistics Based Minimal Transmit Redundancy Space-Time FIR Precoder-Blind Equalizer

A second-order statistics based minimal transmit redun- dancy space-time FIR precoder-blind equalizer is proposed. For most of the block based transmission system, like OFDM, a long guard period, which is longer than or equal to the channel order, is required to avoid inter-block interference. This guard period is a type of redundancy which consumes valuable bandwidth. With the precoder-equalizer structure, the blind equalizer that we have proposed can blindly equalize the received signal without the long guard period requirement. The simulation results show that the BER performance of the proposed blind equalizer is close to that of the least-squares optimal zero-forcing equalizer with channel state information. Moreover, the simulation results also show that good BER performance can be obtained by using a small amount of received data. The robustness of the algorithm towards channel order overestimation and different system delays were also illustrated in the simulation results.
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Co-Delivery of Cisplatin and Pooled siRNAs to Enhance Therapeutic Efficacy in Drug-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among women with gynecological malignancies. Acquired resistance to chemotherapy is a major limitation for ovarian cancer treatment. We report here the first use of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) for the co-delivery of cisplatin and pooled small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to enhance therapeutic efficacy by silencing multiple drug resistance (MDR) genes and resensitizing resistant ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin treatment. UiO NMOFs with hexagonal-plate morphologies were loaded with a cisplatin prodrug and MDR gene-silencing siRNAs (Bcl-2, P-glycoprotein [P-gp], and survivin) via encapsulation and surface coordination, respectively. NMOFs protect siRNAs from nuclease degradation, enhance siRNA cellular uptake, and promote siRNA escape from endosomes to silence MDR genes in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Co-delivery of cisplatin and siRNAs with NMOFs led to an order of magnitude enhancement in chemotherapeutic efficacy in vitro, as indicated by cell viability assay, DNA laddering, and Annexin V staining. This work shows that NMOFs hold great promise in the co-delivery of multiple therapeutics for effective treatment of drug-resistant cancers.
Robust Fuzzy Linear Control of a Class of Stochastic Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems

Abstract: This paper presents the fuzzy linear control design method for a class of stochastic nonlinear time-delay systems with state feedback. First, the Takagi and Sugeno fuzzy linear model is employed to approximate a nonlinear system. Next, based on the fuzzy linear model, a fuzzy linear controller is developed to stabilize the nonlinear system. The control law is obtained to ensure stochastical exponential stability in the mean-square, independent of the time-delay. The sufficient conditions for the existence of such a control are proposed in terms of a certain linear matrix inequality. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the applicability of the proposed design method.
Molecular cloning of avian sarcoma virus closed circular DNA: structural and biological characterization of three recombinant clones

Unintegrated, circular viral DNA, isolated from Prague A avian sarcoma virus (PrA-ASV)-infected quail cells (QT6), was cloned in the lambda vector lambda gtWES x lambda B. Three independent lambda-ASV recombinants were identified, and each contained a complete copy of the PrA-ASV genome. The arrangement of the ASV sequences within the recombinants was determined by restriction enzyme analysis and hybridization with labeled ASV-specific complementary DNA. One of the recombinants (lambda RPA101) resulted from cloning at the EcoRI site located within the terminally repeated sequence and therefore was virtually co-linear with PrA-ASV virion RNA. The other two recombinants (lambda RPA102 and 103) resulted from cloning at the EcoRI site located within the viral env gene. By restriction enzyme analysis and by measurement of R-loops formed between lambda RPA101 and PrA-ASV virion 35S RNA, the viral genome was estimated to be 9,100 bases in length. Genome length viral DNA purified from clones lambda RPA102 and 103 was biologically active. Transfection of chicken embryo cells with viral DNA, in the form of either circles or linear dimers, produced foci of transformed cells within 8 to 10 days. Linear DNA was much less efficient at inducing transformation. Viral DNA from the clone lambda RPA101 was unable to cause transformation; the basis for this defect is unknown.
Ranking Iranian biomedical research centers according to H-variants (G, M, A, R) in Scopus and Web of Science

Background: We conducted a comprehensive bibliometrics analysis to calculate the H, G, M, A and R indicators for all Iranian biomedical research centers (IBRCs) from the output of ISI Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus between 1991 and 2010. We compared the research performance of the research centers according to these indicators. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study, conducted on 104 Iranian biomedical research centers between August and September 2011. We collected our data through Scopus and WoS. Pearson correlation coefficient between the scientometrics indicators was calculated using SPSS, version 16. Results: The mean values of all indicators were higher in Scopus than in WoS. Drug Applied Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences had the highest number of publications in both WoS and Scopus databases. This research center along with Royan Institute received the highest number of citations in both Scopus and WoS, respectively. The highest correlation was seen between G and R (.998) in WoS and between G and R (.990) in Scopus. Furthermore, the highest overlap of the 10 top IBRCs was between G and H in WoS (100%) and between G-R (90%) and H-R (90%) in Scopus. Conclusion: Research centers affiliated to the top ranked Iranian medical universities obtained a better position with respect to the studied scientometrics indicators. All aforementioned indicators are important for ranking bibliometrics studies as they refer to different attributes of scientific output and citation aspects.
A Template for Implementing Fast Lock-free Trees Using HTM

Algorithms that use hardware transactional memory (HTM) must provide a software-only fallback path to guarantee progress. The design of the fallback path can have a profound impact on performance. If the fallback path is allowed to run concurrently with hardware transactions, then hardware transactions must be instrumented, adding significant overhead. Otherwise, hardware transactions must wait for any processes on the fallback path, causing concurrency bottlenecks, or move to the fallback path. We introduce an approach that combines the best of both worlds. The key idea is to use three execution paths: an HTM fast path, an HTM middle path, and a software fallback path, such that the middle path can run concurrently with each of the other two. The fast path and fallback path do not run concurrently, so the fast path incurs no instrumentation overhead. Furthermore, fast path transactions can move to the middle path instead of waiting or moving to the software path. We demonstrate our approach by producing an accelerated version of the tree update template of Brown et al., which can be used to implement fast lock-free data structures based on down-trees. We used the accelerated template to implement two lock-free trees: a binary search tree (BST), and an (a,b)-tree (a generalization of a B-tree). Experiments show that, with 72 concurrent processes, our accelerated ($a,b$)-tree performs between 4.0x and 4.2x as many operations per second as an implementation obtained using the original tree update template.
Sloan School of Management Working Paper 4295-03 March 2003 Cooperation Without Enforcement ? A comparative analysis of litigation and online reputation as quality assurance mechanisms

Online reputation mechanisms are emerging as a promising alternative to more established mechanisms for promoting trust and cooperative behavior, such as legally enforceable contracts. As information technology dramatically reduces the cost of accumulating, processing and disseminating consumer feedback, it is plausible to ask whether such mechanisms can provide an economically more efficient solution to a wide range of moral hazard settings where societies currently rely on the threat of litigation in order to induce cooperation. In this paper we compare online reputation to legal enforcement as institutional mechanisms in terms of their ability to induce cooperative behavior. Furthermore, we explore the impact of information technology on their relative economic efficiency. We find that although both mechanisms result in losses relative to the maximum possible social surplus, under certain conditions online reputation outperforms litigation in terms of maximizing the total surplus, and thus the resulting social welfare. * A shorter version of this paper was presented at the 23rd International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS), December 2002, Barcelona, Spain.
Modeling Elastic Walls in Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Arterial Blood Flow

Abstract An essential part in the simulation of blood flow in arteries is the incorporation of the arterial elasticity by modeling the vessel wall and its interaction with the fluid inside the vessel. We suggest a simple approach for modeling elastic walls in lattice Boltzmann simulations of arterial blood flow that produces physically correct results. We have developed a simulation software that implements this approach combined with the lattice Boltzmann method and conducted numerical experiments on a generic vessel model. Preliminary results presented in this work are promising and encourage using this method for further simulations with real physiological parameters in medical applications.
Communications scheduling for concurrent processes on reconfigurable computers

We describe a unified approach to scheduling point-to-point uni-directional communications among concurrent FPGA-based hardware processes. In this model, processes have separate address spaces, and share data through communication. Once a channel is written, it may not be re-written until the receiving process reads the data. Thus if the writer process is ready before the reader has read the previous message, the writer must stall. We present an algorithm to automatically generate synchronized hardware schedules for the parallel processes that communicate, so that hardware stall management is not required. The algorithm requires that the parallel processes conform to certain constraints in program control structures and communications forms. If the processes do not conform to these requirements, hardware-supported stall mechanisms are used. We quantify the impact in area and clock speed between compiler-generated synchronization of process schedules and run-time, hardware-mediated synchronization.
Spatial visualization and the gender gap in videogame interest among young adults

Purpose – Videogame play is more popular among young males compared with young females. The present study aims to investigate spatial visualization ability as an explanation for this gender gap. The premise is based on a well‐documented gender difference in spatial ability favoring males and assumes that spatial ability would be an advantage in playing videogames. Also, reports in the literature indicate improvement in spatial ability following videogame play, suggesting that play may specifically task spatial ability.Design/methodology/approach – A convenience sample of 114 university students aged 18 to 24 answered questions on attitudes and videogame behavior and completed a psychometric test of spatial visualization ability.Findings – Regression analysis indicated that interest in videogame play is significantly predicted by gender, interest in science fiction, and number of semesters of foreign language completed (with the latter having a negative influence). Mediation analysis suggested that neither.
Reaearch on underwater integrated navigation system based on SINS/DVL/magnetometer/depth-sensor

For the long-range voyage and light Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), the high-precision navigation and positioning is the key point in the completion of the task. Therefore, this paper designs an underwater integrated navigation system, including the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), Doppler velocity loci (DVL), magnetometers and depth sensor. Based on the principle of each navigation sensor and the corresponding error model, the mathematic model of each sub-filter of the integrated navigation system is firstly established. Secondly, combining the combination filter and federated filtering theory, the integrated navigation system based on federated filtering is designed. Finally, to eliminate the influence of unknown or time-varying statistical characteristics on the Kalman filter (KF), a new federated filtering algorithm based on Sage-Husa adaptive KF is proposed to estimate each local filter. And the corresponding simulation results will show the performance of the research.
Differences in Drinking Expectancies and Motives for Regular Education and Special Education High School Students with Emotional/Behavioral Disorders

Alcohol expectancies and drinking motives were compared for regular education students (n = 159) and students with emotional/behavioral disorders (EBD) receiving special education services (n = 51). Differences existed between groups with respect to expected negative social consequences and emotional and physical outcomes associated with drinking. Across groups, drinkers reported more positive alcohol expectancies than non-drinkers, while non-drinkers reported more negative alcohol expectancies than drinkers. Differences also existed between the regular education and EBD students who drank with respect to coping, conformity, and social motives. Accounting for sample sizes differences, the relationship between alcohol use and negative physical effect was stronger for regular education students, while the relationship between alcohol use and conformity motives was stronger for the EBD group.
Incident field recovery for an arbitrary-shaped scatterer

Any acoustic sensor disturbs the spatial acoustic field to certain extent, and a recorded field is different from a field that would have existed if a sensor were absent. Recovery of the original (incident) field is a fundamental task in spatial audio. For some sensor geometries, the disturbance of the field by the sensor can be characterized analytically and its influence can be undone; however, for arbitrary-shaped sensor numerical methods have to be employed. In the current work, the sensor influence on the field is characterized using numerical (specifically, boundary-element) methods, and a framework to recover the incident field, either in the plane-wave or in the spherical wave function basis, is developed. Field recovery in terms of the spherical basis allows the generation of a higher-order Ambisonics representation of the spatial audio scene. Experimental results using a complex-shaped scatterer are presented.
Global optimization for human skin investigation in terahertz

In this paper, the electromagnetic interaction between human skin and terahertz radiation is investigated through the double Debye parameters' extraction algorithm. The changes of skin content are contrasted at the frequencies below one terahertz(THz) but the recent approaches could provide only a rough estimation. We propose an global optimization based identification, which results in globally accurate estimators in the frequency range up to two THz, and thus supports the validity of Debye model for Terahertz wave's propagation and reflection in skin. Simulation results confirm our prominent methodology.
Implicit Memory and Anxiety: Perceptual Identification of Emotional Stimuli

The perceptual identification paradigm was used to examine implicit memory performance in high- and low-trait anxious subjects. A series of threat-related and neutral words was presented in different colours during the encoding phase. Subjects were required to encode the stimuli by naming the colour while ignoring the semantic content of the words (Experiment 1), by simply reading the words (Experiment 2) or by naming the colour of the words and the words themselves (Experiment 3). Experiment 1 demonstrated the predicted emotional Stroop effect, with high-trait subjects taking relatively longer than low-trait subjects to name the colour of the threat-related as compared to the neutral stimuli. All three experiments revealed a significant implicit memory effect overall, with more primed than unprimed words being correctly identified during the perceptual identification task. Subjects in all experiments also identified more of the threat-related than neutral words. Although Experiment 2 found that, overall,.
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS): Clinician (IDS‐C) and Self‐Report (IDS‐SR) ratings of depressive symptoms

This paper describes the rationale and methods entailed in developing the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) in both clinician‐rated (IDS‐C) and self‐reported (IDS‐SR) formats. Psychometric features of the both the IDS‐C and IDS‐SR are presented. These scales are compared to the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS‐D) in the detection of symptom change in patients with major depressive (n = 184) or bipolar disorder (n = 141). The face validity and established psychometric features of the IDS‐C and IDS‐SR indicate that either may be useful in detecting symptom change, as well as in detecting residual symptoms in depressed patients. Further efforts to shorten each measure are indicated. Copyright © 2000 Whurr Publishers Ltd.