Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Advanced Approach to Polymorphic/Metamorphic Malware Detection using Hybrid Clustering Approach

- The detection of Polymorphic/Metamorphic malwares is a very difficult task by the use of only signature based techniques. In this paper, a hybrid clustering approach is used for the detection of various malwares by using both Permission and Signature based techniques in analyzing the behavior of malwares. Pattern matching technique is involved for comparing the various variants of malware. The patterns are primarily based upon the various system calls when the procedure runs and generates the output. The patterns are entirely based on the library executed by the malware. Instructions are extracted and code is executed for pattern matching between instruction sets. The proposed model has been prototyped and evaluated using sliding window protocol technique in order to measure the accuracy of different files exist in PC. The results demonstrate malwares into 2 categories and differentiate between Polymorphic malwares and Metamorphic malwares.
Combining Predictable Execution with Full-Featured Commodity Systems

Predictable execution of programs is required to satisfy real-time constraints in many use cases, including automation and controlling tasks. Unfortunately, background activities of the operating system may influence execution of such workloads in unpredictable ways, as do other applications running on the system concurrently. Separating time-critical workloads from unrelated activities is thus a common approach to ensure predictable execution. Different strategies are used to achieve this separation. On multi-core systems, developers typically assign work loads to dedicated cores, which then run completely separate software stacks. They often do not provide fault isolation nor security guarantees. Another approach is to co-locate a commodity operating system with a real-time executive, which hooks into the interrupt subsystem of the standard kernel to run real-time code at the highest priority in the system. There are also ongoing activities to modify commodity kernels such as Linux to enable more predictable execution. This pairing of the rich and versatile feature set of Linux with a real-time execution is very compelling, but it requires significant developer effort to ensure that the huge monolithic code base does not violate real-time requirements. In this paper, we present a mechanism that combines predictable execution and all of Linux’ functionality with much less effort. It allows unmodified programs to be started on top of a virtualized Linux kernel and then “pull them out” of the virtual machine to let them run undisturbed on the microkernel that hosts Linux. Whenever the program performs a system call or catches an exception, those are forwarded to Linux transparently. Experimental results show that executiontime variation is reduced by two orders of magnitude.
CBERS04A power supply simulation and power budget analysis

The CBERS04A (China Brazil Earth Resource Satellite) is the sixth remote sensing satellite developed by Brazil and China. Its power supply subsystem is developed in Brazil, in a cooperation between INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) and Brazilian industries, to manufacture solar panels, conditioning and distribution equipment. Energy storage equipment, such as batteries, results from cooperation between INPE and Chinese industries. New requirements are imposed on this new platform, which requires the verification that the energy source and storage satisfy new power demand. This verification is accomplished by the satellite power budget analysis that will be presented in this article by means of a simulation model that gives a comprehensive view of the many subsystem aspects, such as thermal, electrical, chemical, orbital and logical.
Structures of Xenopus Embryonic Epidermal Lectin Reveal a Conserved Mechanism of Microbial Glycan Recognition*

Intelectins (X-type lectins), broadly distributed throughout chordates, have been implicated in innate immunity. Xenopus laevis embryonic epidermal lectin (XEEL), an intelectin secreted into environmental water by the X. laevis embryo, is postulated to function as a defense against microbes. XEEL is homologous (64% identical) to human intelectin-1 (hIntL-1), which is also implicated in innate immune defense. We showed previously that hIntL-1 binds microbial glycans bearing exocyclic vicinal diol groups. It is unknown whether XEEL has the same ligand specificity. Also unclear is whether XEEL and hIntL-1 have similar quaternary structures, as XEEL lacks the corresponding cysteine residues in hIntL-1 that stabilize the disulfide-linked trimer. These observations prompted us to further characterize XEEL. We found that hIntL-1 and XEEL have similar structural features. Even without the corresponding intermolecular disulfide bonds present in hIntL-1, the carbohydrate recognition domain of XEEL (XEELCRD) forms a stable trimer in solution. The structure of XEELCRD in complex with d-glycerol-1-phosphate, a residue present in microbe-specific glycans, indicated that the exocyclic vicinal diol coordinates to a protein-bound calcium ion. This ligand-binding mode is conserved between XEEL and hIntL-1. The domain architecture of full-length XEEL is reminiscent of a barbell, with two sets of three glycan-binding sites oriented in opposite directions. This orientation is consistent with our observation that XEEL can promote the agglutination of specific serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. These data support a role for XEEL in innate immunity, and they highlight structural and functional conservation of X-type lectins among chordates.
Chronic Dosing With Aminoguanidine and Novel Advanced Glycosylation End Product-Formation Inhibitors Ameliorates Cross-Linking of Tail Tendon Collagen in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Solubility of tail tendon collagen from normal, streptozotocin-induced diabetic Lewis rats, and diabetic animals treated with aminoguanidine and two novel advanced glycosylation end products (AGE)-formation inhibitors was investigated by limited pepsin digestion under acidic conditions. Assays were conducted using tail tendon collagen from Lewis rats obtained from two different vendors, Harlan and Charles River Laboratories. Collagen solubility was assessed by following the kinetics of pepsin digestion. The data revealed that the rate of digestion for diabetic animals is markedly slow relative to that of normals. More strikingly, the kinetics of the diabetic animals showed the feature of a lag in digestion regardless of the animal source. Experiments designed to optimize the difference in solubility between normal and diabetic animals demonstrated that Charles River animals exhibit a greater window of solubility than the Harlan animals. More importantly, a pronounced effect of aminoguanidine, an AGE-formation inhibitor, was observed in Charles River animals, but not in the Harlan animals, presumably because of the larger window of solubility between the normal and the diabetic animals in the former. These data indicated that the Charles River Lewis rats are an animal model that demonstrates greater efficacy in this assay. Analysis of in vivo screens designed to test efficacy of aminoguanidine and two novel AGE-formation inhibitors, ALT 462 and ALT 486, demonstrated that monitoring an in vivo dose response is highly dependent on the enzyme concentration as well as the time of digestion, and that 1.5 h of digestion and 10 microg/ml pepsin (5 μg pepsin/mg collagen) appeared optimal. Under these conditions, a 29% normalization of solubility was observed with aminoguanidine at 100 mg/kg body wt, whereas a similar normalization was observed at 10 mg/kg body wt for both ALT 462 and ALT 486. Thus, on a molar basis, ALT 462 and ALT 486 are at least 20 times more potent than aminoguanidine. This is the first demonstration of dose-dependent efficacy for AGE-formation inhibitors in animal models, and as such, this assay provides a method with which to assess the in vivo efficacy of other such inhibitors.
A Theoretical Framework for Trust-Based News Recommender Systems and its Implementation using Defeasible Argumentation

Although the importance of trust in recommender systems is widely recognized, the actual mechanisms of trust propagation and trust preservation are poorly understood. This is partly due to the fact that trust is a complex notion, which is typically context dependent, subjective, dynamic and not always transitive or symmetrical. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the notion of trust in news recommendation and discusses the advantages of modeling this notion using Defeasible Logic Programming, a general-purpose defeasible argumentation formalism based on logic programming. In the proposed framework, users can express explicit trust statements on news reports, news sources and other users. Trust is then modeled and propagated using a dialectical process supported by a Defeasible Logic Programming interpreter. A set of basic postulates for trust and their representation by means of defeasible rules is presented. The suitability of the approach is investigated with a set of illustrative examples and.
The Contribution of Individual Interchain Interactions to the Stabilization of the T and R States of Escherichia coliAspartate Transcarbamoylase*

Stabilization of the T and R allosteric states ofEscherichia coli aspartate transcarbamoylase is governed by specific intra- and interchain interactions. The six interchain interactions between Glu-239 in one catalytic chain of one catalytic trimer with both Lys-164 and Tyr-165 of a different catalytic chain in the other catalytic trimer have been shown to be involved in the stabilization of the T state. In this study a series of hybrid versions of aspartate transcarbamoylase was studied to determine the minimum number of these Glu-239 interactions necessary to maintain homotropic cooperativity and the T allosteric state. Hybrids with zero, one, and two Glu-239 stabilizing interactions do not exhibit cooperativity, whereas the hybrids with three or more Glu-239 stabilizing interactions exhibit cooperativity. The hybrid enzymes with one or more of the Glu-239 stabilizing interactions also exhibit heterotropic interactions. Two hybrids with three Glu-239 stabilizing interactions, in different geometric relationships, had identical properties. From this and previous studies, it is concluded that the 239 stabilizing interactions play a critical role in the manifestation of homotropic cooperativity in aspartate transcarbamoylase by the stabilization of the T state of the enzyme. As substrate binding energy is utilized, more and more of the T state stabilizing interactions are relaxed, and finally the enzyme shifts to the R state. In the case of the Glu-239 stabilizing interactions more than three of the interactions must be broken before the enzyme shifts to the R state. The interactions between the catalytic and regulatory chains and between the two catalytic trimers of aspartate transcarbamoylase provide a global set of interlocking interactions that stabilize the T and R states of the enzyme. The substrate-induced local conformational changes observed in the structure of the isolated catalytic subunit drive the quaternary T to R transition of aspartate transcarbamoylase and functionally induced homotropic cooperativity.
Optimal Adrenergic Support in Septic Shock Due to Peritonitis

Background The authors evaluated optimal adrenergic support using norepinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine in a clinically relevant model of septic shock. Methods Twenty-eight mature, female, anesthetized sheep (weight, 30.5 ± 3.6 kg) underwent cecal ligation and perforation and were randomized into four groups of seven animals to be treated with norepinephrine, dopamine-norepinephrine, dobutamine-norepinephrine, or no adrenergic agent. In all groups, lactated Ringer's solution was administered to restore cardiac filling pressures to baseline. In the norepinephrine group, norepinephrine (0.5–5 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1) was titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure between 75–85 mmHg. In the dopamine-norepinephrine group, dopamine was given first, and norepinephrine was added only when mean arterial pressure remained below 75 mmHg despite the infusion of 20 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 dopamine. In the dobutamine-norepinephrine group, dobutamine was started at the same time as norepinephrine and titrated up to 20 &mgr;g · kg−1 · min−1 to get a 15% increase in cardiac output. Results The dobutamine-norepinephrine group had greater cardiac output; superior mesenteric blood flow, oxygen delivery (Do2), and oxygen consumption (&OV0312;o2); and lower blood lactate concentration and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (Pco2) gap than the controls did. Cumulative urine output was significantly higher in the dobutamine-norepinephrine group than in the other groups. Survival time was significantly longer in the dobutamine-norepinephrine (24 ± 4 h), dopamine- norepinephrine (24 ± 6 h), and norepinephrine (20 ± 1 h) groups than the control group (17 ± 2 h;P < 0.05 vs. other groups), and significantly longer in the combined dopamine-norepinephrine and dobutamine-norepinephrine groups (24 ± 5 h) than in the norepinephrine alone group (P < 0.05). Histologic examination of lung biopsies revealed less severe lesions in the dobutamine-norepinephrine group than in the control and norepinephrine alone groups. Anatomic alterations in the lung, liver, and small intestine were less severe in the dobutamine-norepinephrine group than in the other groups. Conclusions In this prolonged septic shock model, association of norepinephrine with either dopamine or dobutamine resulted in the longest survival and the least severe pulmonary lesions. The combination of dobutamine with norepinephrine was associated with a better myocardial performance, greater Do2 and &OV0312;o2, lower blood lactate concentration and Pco2 gap, and less anatomic injury.
Steroid treatment and the development of scoliosis in males with duchenne muscular dystrophy.

BACKGROUND Scoliosis due to progressive muscle weakness occurs in almost all males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and it progresses relentlessly. Previous studies have shown that corticosteroid treatment slows the decline in muscle strength and stabilizes muscle strength in patients with this disease. We hypothesized that steroids may also attenuate the development of scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of scoliosis in male patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who received steroids with a control group of such patients who did not. METHODS A group of seven to ten-year-old boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who were able to walk were enrolled in a nonrandomized comparative study to determine the effect of deflazacort (a derivative of prednisone) on muscle strength and pulmonary function. Thirty patients were treated with deflazacort (treatment group), and twenty-four were not (control group). The patients were matched for age and pulmonary function at baseline. To assess the development of scoliosis, the patients in each group were followed for at least five years. Survival curves were plotted to determine the chance of scoliosis of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees developing. The difference between the groups with respect to the chance of scoliosis developing was determined with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS A curve of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees developed during the follow-up period in sixteen (67%) of the twenty-four patients in the control group but in only five (17%) of the thirty patients in the treatment group. Fifteen of the twenty-four patients in the control group underwent spine surgery, at a mean age of thirteen years, whereas only five of the thirty patients in the treatment group underwent spine surgery, at a mean age of fifteen years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups with regard to development of scoliosis of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees (p < 0.001). Cataracts developed in ten patients in the treatment group, and stress fractures developed in three patients in the treatment group. Patients in the treatment group weighed a mean of 3.7 kg more than did those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Steroid treatment slows the progression of scoliosis in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy; however, longer-term evaluation will be necessary to determine if the treatment prevents the development of scoliosis or just delays its onset. At the very least, steroid treatment delays the need for spinal surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, Level II-1 (prospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Phenylbutazone in African and Asian Elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus)

Abstract The pharmacokinetic parameters of phenylbutazone were determined in 18 elephants (Loxodonta africana and Elephas maximus) after single-dose oral administration of 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg phenylbutazone, as well as multiple-dose administrations with a 4-wk washout period between trials. After administration of 2 mg/kg phenylbutazone, mean serum concentrations peaked in approximately 7.5 hr at 4.3 ± 2.02 μg/ml and 9.7 hr at 7.1 ± 2.36 μg/ml for African and Asian elephants, respectively, while 3 mg/kg dosages resulted in peak serum concentrations of 7.2 ± 4.06 μg/ml in 8.4 hr and 12.1 ± 3.13 μg/ml in 14 hr. The harmonic mean half-life was long, ranging between 13 and 15 hr and 39 and 45 hr for African and Asian elephants, respectively. There was evidence of enterohepatic cycling of phenylbutazone in Asian elephants. Significant differences (P < 0.0001) in pharmacokinetic values occurred between African and Asian elephants for clearance (27.9 and 7.6 ml/hr/kg, respectively), terminal half-life (15.0 and 38.7 hr, respectively), and mean residence time (22.5 and 55.5 hr, respectively) using 2-mg/kg dosages as an example. This suggests that different treatment regimens for Asian and African elephants should be used. There were no apparent gender differences in these parameters for either elephant species.
Notes on walk-counting

th th 0 1 1 2 2 1 0 1 ij ij m m m m 1 Walks and graphs v e v i e v v m v j Let 0 be a nite, undirected, simple graph with vertices. We will use the notation to indicate that two v ertices and in 0 are joined by a n edge. Let be an adjacency matrix for 0. That is, is an matrix with rows and columns indexed by t h e v ertices o f 0 , a n d [ ] = 1 if 0 if We use the notation [ ] to denote the entry in the row a n d column of the matrix. If is a non-negative i n teger and and are vertices in 0, then an-walk from to is a sequence of vertices and edges such t h a t 1. = 2. is incident o n and for 1 3. =. The following is well-known ([1], Lemma 2.5, for example).
Neuropsychological assessment of children with epilepsy and average intelligence using NEPSY II

Introduction: Many studies have shown altered neuropsychological functioning of children with epilepsy even in the absence of intellectual disability, with notable concerns for both patients and their families. Although studies have described the cognitive profiles associated with specific epilepsy syndromes, there is incomplete agreement on the relation between spared and impaired abilities in different cognitive domains and on how deficits in one neuropsychological ability can secondarily affect performance in other cognitive domains. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuropsychological profile and vulnerabilities of children with epilepsy without intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. Method: 23 children aged 7–15 years, with a diagnosis of epilepsy of genetic or unknown cause and average intellectual functioning (IQ >85), were administered all age-appropriate tests of the Italian-language version (Urgesi, Campanella, & Fabbro, 2011) of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery (NEPSY–II: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition; Korkman, Kirk, & Kemp, 2007). Their performance was compared with that of a control group matched for gender, age, handedness and education. Results: Children with epilepsy showed significant impairments as compared to the control group in tests of attention and executive functions and sensorimotor skills. Notably, particular difficulties were observed also in social perception tasks that require affect recognition, an ability that has been so far poorly considered in children with epilepsy. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of performing extensive evaluation of cognitive functions, including social cognition processes, in children with epilepsy with average intelligence in order to design appropriate interventions aimed at minimizing long-term consequences on educational and behavioral outcome.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[[diaqua(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one-κ2 N,N′)cadmium]-μ-2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoato-κ3 O 1,O 1′:O 5]

In the polymeric title compound, [Cd(C7H4O6S)(C11H6N2O)(H2O)2]n, the Cd2+ atom is seven-coordinated by two water O atoms, by three O atoms from two 2-hydroxy-5-sulfonatobenzoate (Hssal2−) ligands and by two N atoms from a 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one (Dafo) ligand in a distorted pentagonal–bipyramidal geometry. The Cd2+ atoms are monodentately coordinated by the sulfonate group of one Hssal2− ligand and bidentately coordinated by the carboxylate group of another Hssal2− ligand, generating zigzag chains running parallel to [010]. The chains are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional architecture.
The development of an interactive virtual scenography for the opera A Menina da Gotinha De Água

This paper describes the development of the virtual scenography for the opera for choir, narrator and live electronics A Menina da Gotinha de Água. The objective of the virtual scenography was to substitute the traditional illumination and scenography systems with projections and also introduce an interactive aspect for the visual elements of the stage. The final visual result was a composition of pre-edited videos, real-time interactive animations and pre-made children drawings that were made interactive. The interaction was divided in two parts: a master controller software with graphical user interface and two Reactables (Reactable Live! )[1] with custom software, through which, a master operator and six children could control images and real-time effects. We conclude that the dialogue between the music, choreography and scenography was enhanced by the use of an interactive virtual scenography. Designing the live visuals to highlight each key moment of the musical and literal text increased the general understanding and appreciation of the opera by the public.