Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Approach to Reduce Storage for Homomorphic Computations

We introduce a hybrid homomorphic encryption by combining public key encryption (PKE) and somewhat homomorphic encryption (SHE) to reduce storage for most applications of somewhat or fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). In this model, one encrypts messages with a PKE and computes on encrypted data using a SHE or a FHE after homomorphic decryption. To obtain efficient homomorphic decryption, our hybrid schemes is constructed by combining IND-CPA PKE schemes without complicated message paddings with SHE schemes with large integer message space. Furthermore, we remark that if the underlying PKE is multiplicative on a domain closed under addition and multiplication, this scheme has an important advantage that one can evaluate a polynomial of arbitrary degree without recryption. We propose such a scheme by concatenating ElGamal and Goldwasser-Micali scheme over a ring ZN for a composite integer N whose message space is ZN . To be used in practical applications, homomorphic decryption of the base PKE is too expensive. We accelerate the homomorphic evaluation of the decryption by introducing a method to reduce the degree of exponentiation circuit at the cost of additional public keys. Using same technique, we give an efficient solution to the open problem [16] partially. As an independent interest, we obtain another generic conversion method from private key SHE to public key SHE. Differently from Rothblum [23], it is free to choose the message space of SHE.
Model-Based Approach to FDR Estimation

False Discovery Rate (FDR) has become commonly used in multiple comparisons, in part driven by studies involving large numbers of parameters, e.g. microarray data analysis. FDR is a philosophically different approach from traditional hypothesis testing, and it offers a conceptually consistent framework for multiple hypothesis testing when the primary objective focuses on discovery instead of testing. In this case, traditional family-wise-error-rate control type procedures tend to be conservative. In this paper, we propose a model-based method to estimate FDR for independent hypothesis testing, and simulation study shows that the proposed method performs significantly better than existing methods. keyword: Bootstrap; Microarray; False discovery rate; Multiple hypothesis testing; Multiple comparisons; Simultaneous inference ∗Corresponding author, † Contribute equally
THE VARIABLE QUIESCENT X-RAY EMISSION OF THE TRANSIENT NEUTRON STAR XTE J1701−462

We present the results of continued monitoring of the quiescent neutron star low-mass X-ray binary XTE J1701−462 with Chandra and Swift. A new Chandra observation from 2010 October extends our tracking of the neutron star surface temperature from ≃800 days to ≃1160 days since the end of an exceptionally luminous 19 month outburst. This observation indicates that the neutron star crust may still be slowly cooling toward thermal equilibrium with the core; another observation further into quiescence is needed to verify this. The shape of the overall cooling curve is consistent with that of a broken power law, although an exponential decay to a constant level cannot be excluded with the present data. To investigate possible low-level activity, we conducted a monitoring campaign of XTE J1701−462 with Swift during 2010 April–October. Short-term flares—presumably arising from episodic low-level accretion—were observed up to a luminosity of ∼1 × 1035 erg s−1, ∼20 times higher than the normal quiescent level. We conclude that flares of this magnitude are not likely to have significantly affected the equilibrium temperature of the neutron star and are probably not able to have a measurable impact on the cooling curve. However, it is possible that brighter and longer periods of low-level activity have had an appreciable effect on the equilibrium temperature.
Processing Over Encrypted Data: Between Theory and Practice

Data encryption is a common approach to protect the confidentiality of users' data. However, when computation is required, the data must be decrypted before processing. The decryption-for-processing approach causes critical threats. For instance, a compromised server may lead to the leakage of data or cryptographic keys. On the other hand, data owners are concerned since the data is beyond their control. Thus, they look for mechanisms to achieve strong data protection. Accordingly, alternatives for protecting data become essential. Consequently, the trend of processing over encrypted data starts to arise along with a rapidly growing literature. This paper surveys applications, tools, building blocks, and approaches that can be used to directly process encrypted data (i.e., without decrypting it). The purpose of this survey is to provide an overview of existing systems and approaches that can be used to process encrypted data, discuss commercial usage of such systems, and to analyze the current developments in this area
Terrain Roughness Regis Measurement fiom Elevation Maps

The Autonomous Planetary Rover Project at Carnegie Melion University is investigating the use of geometric information obtained from terrain elevation maps for mobile robot planning and control. We review how surface geometry has been characterized by surface roughness parameters, and why several of these parameten must be combined to form a vector roughness measurement. Next we propose a techniqne to localize and extract the intrinsic roughness from terrain elevation maps, and show how this can be used to chmcterizt terrain. Keyworb: Terrain analysis, surface roughness, mobile robots.
NREM sleep spindles and slow wave sleep in younger and elderly women: an investigation of their influence on declarative memory consolidation

9 INTRODUCTION. 10 LITERATURE REVIEW. 11 Brief Definitions of Sleep and Memory Systems. 11 Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation: A Role for NREM Stage 2 and SWS. 13 The Significance of the Sleep Spindle. 16 Sleep-Dependent Declarative Memory Consolidation in the Elderly. 18 Factors to Consider in Sleep-dependent Memory Consolidation Research. 21 RATIONALE. 24 Aims and Hypotheses. 25 METHODS. 26 Design and Setting. 26 Participants. 26 MATERIALS AND APPARATUSES. 29 Screening Measures. Demographic and Personal Information Form. 29 29 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 29 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). 30 Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). 30 Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI-II). 31 Experimental Measures. 31 SLEEP SPINDLES, SWS, DECLARATIVE MEMORY, AGEING 4 Polysomnographic (PSG) Sleep Recording. 31 Sleep Spindle Detection. 32 Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). 33 Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (PSD). 34 Declarative Word-Pair Memory Task. 34 PROCEDURE. 36 Ethical Considerations. 36 Study Procedure. 36 STATISTICAL ANALYSES. 39 Deriving Outcome variables. 39 Stage 1: Preand Post Sleep Memory Retention. 39 Stage 2: Sleep Architecture and Spindle Activity. 40 Stage 3: The Relationship between Sleep Variables and Retention. 40 Stage 4: Self-Reported Sleep Measures. 40 RESULTS. 40 Demographic Characteristics. 40 Pre-Sleep and Post-Sleep Declarative Memory Retention. 41 Sleep Architecture and Sleep Spindle Activity in Younger and Older Women. 47 The Relationship between Sleep Architecture and Sleep Spindle Activity with Declarative Memory Consolidation. 58 Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Sleepiness Measures in Younger and Older Women. 68 DISCUSSION. Memory Performance Pre-Sleep and Post-Sleep. Sleep Architecture in Younger and Older Women and its relationship with Declarative Memory Consolidation. Sleep Spindle Activity in Younger and Older Women and its relationship with Declarative Memory Consolidation. 69 70
Controls of soil pipe frequency in upland blanket peat

[1] Soil pipes were surveyed in 160 British blanket peat catchments using consistent application of ground-penetrating radar. Soil pipes were found in all catchments. The mean frequency of piping was 69 per kilometer of surveyed transect. Land management (moorland gripping) appears to exert the most important control on hillslope pipe frequency in blanket peats. Management practice in peatlands may therefore induce more rapid subsurface erosion, carbon loss, and landform denudation via enhanced preferential flow. Topographic position is also important, with topslopes having greater pipe frequencies than footslopes, followed by midslopes with lowest frequencies. Slope gradient, however, is not a significant factor in controlling blanket peat pipe frequency. I propose that peat structural properties inherited from the way a blanket peat develops on a hillslope strongly control pipe network development. This is manifested in the way slope position appears to control pipe frequency. Aspect appears not to influence pipe frequency in blanket peats, except that it does play a weak role in catchments with annual precipitation <1500 mm. Here southwesterly facing slopes tend to have more frequent piping.
Figure 4: Comparison of the Number of Feedforward Passes Performed to Achieve Convergence on a Range of Problems Using Swnp and Wp. 4 Conclusion

The algorithm presented, SWNP, performs gradient descent on the weight space of an ANN, using a finite difference to approximate the gradient. The method is novel in that it achieves computational complexity similar to that of Node Perturbation but does not require access to the activity of hidden or internal neurons. The algorithm is also similar to Weight Perturbation in that it is optimal in terms of hardware requirements when used for the training of VLSI implementations of ANN's. Results are presented that show the algorithm in operation on floating point simulations, limited precision simulations and an actual hardware implementation of an ANN. References Jabri, M. and Flower, B. (1992). Weight perturbation: An optimal architecture and learning technique for analog vlsi feedforward and recurrent multilayer networks.
Golay-Davis-Jedwab Complementary Sequences and

A Golay Complementary Sequence (CS) has a Peak-to-AveragePower-Ratio (PAPR) ≤ 2.0 for its one-dimensional continuous Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) spectrum. Davis and Jedwab showed that all known length 2 CS, (GDJ CS), originate from certain quadratic cosets of Reed-Muller (1,m). These can be generated using the RudinShapiro construction. This paper shows that GDJ CS have a PAPR ≤ 2.0 under all 2m×2m unitary transforms whose rows are unimodular linear (Linear Unimodular Unitary Transforms (LUUTs)), including oneand multi-dimensional generalised DFTs. In this context we define Constahadamard Transforms (CHTs) and show how all LUUTs can be formed from tensor combinations of CHTs. We also propose tensor cosets of GDJ sequences arising from Rudin-Shapiro extensions of near-complementary pairs, thereby generating many more infinite sequence families with tight low PAPR bounds under LUUTs. We then show that GDJ CS have a PAPR ≤ 2m−bm2 c under all 2 × 2 unitary transforms whose rows are linear (Linear Unitary Transforms (LUTs)). Finally we present a radix-2 tensor decomposition of any 2 × 2 LUT. M.G. Parker is with the Code Theory Group, Inst. for Informatikk, Høyteknologisenteret i Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway. E-mail: matthew@ii.uib.no. Web: http://www.ii.uib.no/∼matthew/MattWeb.html C.Tellambura is with the School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia. E-mail: chintha@dgs.monash. edu.au. Phone/Fax: +61 3 9905 3196/5146
On the Performance of Secure Vehicular Communication Systems

Vehicular communication (VC) systems are being developed primarily to enhance transportation safety and efficiency. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication, in particular, frequent cooperative awareness messages or safety beacons, has been considered over the past years as a main approach. Meanwhile, the need to provide security and to safeguard users' privacy is well understood, and security architectures for VC systems have been proposed. Although technical approaches to secure VC have several commonalities and a consensus has formed, there are critical questions that have remained largely unanswered: Are the proposed security and privacy schemes practical? Can the secured VC systems support the VC-enabled applications as effectively as unsecured VC would? How should security be designed so that its integration into a VC system has a limited effect on the system's performance? In this paper, we provide answers to these questions, investigating the joint effect of a set of system parameters and components. We consider the state-of-the-art approach in secure VC, and we evaluate analytically and through simulations the interdependencies among components and system characteristics. Overall, we identify key design choices for the deployment of efficient, effective, and secure VC systems.
Sub-Saharan Africa: a technological desert

Africa seems to be the "lost continent" of the information technologies (IT). The second largest continent is the least computerized, l and its more than twoscore countries have an average telephone density that is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the European Community. A recent graphic on world computer densities used the map of Africa simply as a place to display the overflow data for Europe [7]. It may be argued that deficiencies in the use of IT are the least of the problems of a continent plagued by a history of exploitation, postcolonial political difficulties, bloody civil conflicts, and extensive health, educational, demographic and economic problems. Nevertheless, attention should be given to the fact that more than 500 million people have largely been left out of the "global information society. " "International Perspectives" brings
Large-scale statistical modeling of motion patterns: a Bayesian nonparametric approach

We propose a novel framework for large-scale scene understanding in static camera surveillance. Our techniques combine fast rank-1 constrained robust PCA to compute the foreground, with non-parametric Bayesian models for inference. Clusters are extracted in foreground patterns using a joint multinomial+Gaussian Dirichlet process model (DPM). Since the multinomial distribution is normalized, the Gaussian mixture distinguishes between similar spatial patterns but different activity levels (eg. car vs bike). We propose a modification of the decayed MCMC technique for incremental inference, providing the ability to discover theoretically unlimited patterns in unbounded video streams. A promising by-product of our framework is online, abnormal activity detection. A benchmark video and two surveillance videos, with the longest being 140 hours long are used in our experiments. The patterns discovered are as informative as existing scene understanding algorithms. However, unlike existing work, we achieve near real-time execution and encouraging performance in abnormal activity detection.
How the Telecommunication Market in Developing Countries Differ from that in Developed Countries

We examine the difference of telecommunication market between developed countries and developing countries by using adopter categorization which divides consumers into five categories: Innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggard. The results indicate that the size of innovators in developing countries is smaller than that in developed countries; on the contrary, the size of early adopters in developing countries is larger than that in developed countries. The time interval of early majority and late majority in developing countries is smaller than that in developed countries. The analysis suggests that the strategy of MNCs need to dynamically change when adopter category enters into a new phase along the new product diffusion life cycle
On the analysis of evolution of software artefacts and programs

The literature describes several approaches to identify the artefacts of programs that evolve together to reveal the (hidden) dependencies among these artefacts and to infer and describe their evolution trends. We propose the use of biological methods to group artefacts, to detect co-evolution among them, and to construct their phylogenic trees to express their evolution trends. First, we introduced the novel concepts of macro co-changes (MCCs), i.e., of artefacts that co-change within a large time interval and of dephase macro co-changes (DMCCs), i.e., macro co-changes that always happen with the same shifts in time. We developed an approach, Macocha, to identify these new patterns of artefacts co-evolution in large programs. Now, we are analysing the evolution of classes playing roles in design patterns and - or antipatterns. In parallel to previous work, we are detecting what classes are in macro co-change or in dephase macro co-change with the design motifs. Results try to show that classes playing roles in design motifs have specifics evolution trends. Finally, we are implementing an approach, Profilo, to achieve the analysis of the evolution of artefacts and versions of large object-oriented programs. Profilo creates a phylogenic tree of different versions of program that describes versions evolution and the relation among versions and programs. We will, also, evaluate the usefulness of our tools using lab and field studies.
Effects of the final state interaction in the electrodisintegration of the deuteron at intermediate and high energies

The role of final state interactions (FSIs) in the inclusive quasielastic disintegration of the deuteron is investigated treating the two-nucleon final state within the exact continuum solutions of the nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger equation, as well as within the Glauber multiple-scattering approach. It is shown that for values of the Bjorken scaling variable ${x}_{\mathrm{Bj}}\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ both approaches provide similar results, except for the case ${x}_{\mathrm{Bj}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1,$ where they appreciably disagree. It is demonstrated that present experimental data, which are mostly limited to a region of four-momentum transfer $[{Q}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}4 (\mathrm{GeV}{/c)}^{2}]$ where the center-of-mass energy of the final state is below the pion threshold production, can be satisfactorily reproduced by an approach based on an exact solution of the Schr\"odinger equation and not by the Glauber approach.
Determinants of Allergic Rhinitis in Young Children with Asthma

Background In the preschool period, allergic rhinitis (AR) is infrequent and thus under-diagnosed. However, recent works have highlighted the occurrence of AR in toddlers although the causes of AR in this young population remain unknown. The objective of this study was to identify determinants of AR in young children with asthma. Methods We carried out a case-control study of 227 children with active asthma and enrolled in the Trousseau Asthma Program. AR and other allergic diseases (asthma, food allergy and eczema) were diagnosed by medical doctors using standardized questionnaires. Parental history of AR and asthma, biological markers of atopy (total IgE, blood eosinophilia, allergic sensitization towards food and aeroallergens) and environmental parameters were also collected. Results Forty one of the children (18.1%) had AR. By univariate logistic regression analysis, AR was mainly associated with peanut sensitization (OR = 6.75; p = 0.002); food allergy (OR = 4.31; p = 0.026); mold exposure (OR = 3.81 p<0.01) and parental history of AR (OR = 1.42; p = 0.046). Due to the strong link between food allergy and peanut sensitization three models of multivariate logistic regression were performed and confirmed that AR is associated with peanut sensitization but also food allergy and mold exposure. A random forest analysis was also performed to explain AR. The results reinforced the logistic analysis that peanut sensitization and mold exposure were the principal determinants of AR. Conclusions & Clinical Relevance These results stress the importance of investigating AR in young children with asthma to potentially diagnose a particularly severe allergic asthmatic phenotype. Moreover, these data evoke the hypothesis that peanut could be an aeroallergen.
Particle Systems for Artistic Expression

Particle systems can be thought of as a general technique within the field of computer graphics for creating a wide range of effects. To illustrate the range of effects, this paper begins by quickly reviewing the existing research on particle systems in the field of computer graphics. It then discuss in more details two particular areas of particle systems research : first a technique for sculpting surfaces, and second a work in progress for an interactive art installation. A common goal of both projects is to provide flexible tools to aid in personal expression. The focus is to move away from the analytical and point and click style of interface, and towards a more humanistic interface which re-embodies the user in the physical world.
Downlink MMSE Transceiver Optimization for Multiuser MIMO Systems: Duality and Sum-MSE Minimization

We address the problem of minimum mean square error (MMSE) transceiver design for point-to-multipoint transmission in multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We focus on the problem of minimizing the downlink sum-MSE under a sum power constraint. It is shown that this problem can be solved efficiently by exploiting a duality between the downlink and uplink MSE feasible regions. We propose two different optimization frameworks for downlink MMSE transceiver design. The first one solves an equivalent uplink problem, then the result is transferred to the original downlink problem. Duality ensures that any uplink MMSE scheme, e.g., linear MMSE reception or MMSE-decision feedback equalization (DFE), has a downlink counterpart. We propose two globally optimum algorithms based on convex optimization. The basic idea of the second framework is to perform optimization in an alternating manner by switching between the virtual uplink and downlink channels. This strategy exploits that the same MSE can be achieved in both links for a given choice of transmit and receive filters. This iteration is proven to be convergent.
Towards an integrated approach for spoken document retrieval

This paper presents a novel approach to spoken document retrieval where the speech recognition and information retrieval components are more tightly integrated. This is done by developing new recognizer and retrieval models where the interface be-tween the two components is better matched and the component goals are consistent with the overall goal of the combined system. Experiments on radio news data show that the integrated approach can improve performance by 28% over a baseline system.
Reducing Register File Power Consumption by Exploiting Value Lifetime Characteristics

With the trend towards wider instruction issue and larger instruction windows, register les grow both in terms of size and number of read/write ports. However, large multi-ported register les consume a substantial amount of power, and may also limit the cycle time of a processor. This work attempts to address these issues by taking advantage of the facts that many register accesses show extremely good temporal locality, and that many register values are very short-lived. Based on these ideas, this paper proposes bu ering the result between functional units and the register le in a \holding tank" we call the Value Aging Bu er (VAB). Due to the temporal locality of value access, most of the accesses to register values can be serviced from the VAB. Since the VAB is smaller than a typical register le, it can have better power characteristics. Furthermore, reducing read/write requests at the register le also allows us to reduce the number of ports provided on the register le. Thus, this gives us multiple ways in which register le power consumption is reduced. For example, with a 16-entry VAB, register le read and write operations can be reduced by 64% and 61% respectively for SPECint95 benchmarks. The VAB o ers roughly a 30% power savings for register les, with less than a 5% performance loss.