Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Converting March tests for bit-oriented memories into tests for word-oriented memories

In this paper a set of fault models for coupling faults between the cells of a word has been established, together with tests for these fault models. Thereafter, a systematic way of converting tests for bit-oriented memories into tests for word-oriented memories is presented, distinguishing between inter-word and intra-word faults. This results in more efficient tests with complete coverage of the targeted faults. Because most memories have an external data path which is wider than one bit, word-oriented memory tests are very important.
Modelling the demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa and the likely impact of interventions

This paper describes an approach to incorporating the impact of HIV/AIDS and the effects of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment programmes into a cohort component projection model of the South African population. The modelled HIV-positive population is divided into clinical and treatment stages, and it is demonstrated that the age profile and morbidity profile of the HIV-positive population is changing significantly over time. HIV/AIDS is projected to have a substantial demographic impact in South Africa. Prevention programmes - social marketing, voluntary counselling and testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission and improved treatment for sexually transmitted diseases - are unlikely to reduce AIDS mortality significantly in the short term. However, more immediate reductions in mortality can be achieved when antiretroviral treatment is introduced.
Two Computational Regimes of a Single-Compartment Neuron Separated by a Planar Boundary in Conductance Space

Recent in vitro data show that neurons respond to input variance with varying sensitivities. Here we demonstrate that Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neurons can operate in two computational regimes: one that is more sensitive to input variance (differentiating) and one that is less sensitive (integrating). A boundary plane in the 3D conductance space separates these two regimes. For a reduced HH model, this plane can be derived analytically from the V nullcline, thus suggesting a means of relating biophysical parameters to neural computation by analyzing the neuron's dynamical system.
PhotoMagnets: supporting flexible browsing and searching in photo collections

People's activities around their photo collections are often highly dynamic and unstructured, such as casual browsing and searching or loosely structured storytelling. User interfaces to support such an exploratory behavior are a challenging research question. We explore ways to enhance the flexibility in dealing with photo collections and designed a system named PhotoMagnets. It uses a magnet metaphor in addition to more traditional interface elements in order to support a flexible combination of structured and unstructured photo browsing and searching. In an evaluation we received positive feedback especially on the flexibility provided by this approach.
UNDERSTANDING, TEACHING AND USING p VALUES

There are many problems with the p value. Is it an indicator of strength of evidence (Fisher), or only to be compared with (Neyman-Pearson)? Many researchers and even statistics teachers have misconceptions about p, although p has been little studied, and we know little about how textbooks present it, and how researchers think about it, react to it, and use it in practice. The p value varies dramatically because of sampling variability, but textbooks do not mention this and researchers do not appreciate how widely it varies. I discuss the problems of p and advantages of confidence intervals, and identify research needed to guide the design of improved statistics education about p. I suggest the most promising teaching approach may be to focus throughout on estimation, use confidence intervals wherever possible, give p only a minor role, and explain p mainly as indicating where the confidence interval falls in relation to the null hypothesised value.
Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in the Diagnosis of Sputum SmearNegative Tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading killer of adults in developing and underdeveloped nations. HIV/ AIDS have also contributed to increase in the incidence of tuberculosis. In our study, we evaluated the significance of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in the early diagnosis of occult sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis. We could establish the diagnosis of tuberculosis in 20 (87%) of the sputum smear negative samples with the help of BAL samples. Thus, BAL samples are very useful in early sputum smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis with minimal complications in the hands of an expert.
Comparison of two instruments measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity: Vicorder versus SphygmoCor

Background The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) is used as an indicator of arterial stiffness. It is often measured using applanation tonometry, for instance with the SphygmoCor. In young children, this method is difficult to perform. Therefore, techniques are needed that are less dependent on patient compliance. The Vicorder device uses the oscillometric technique to measure the PWVcf and is thought to be less time consuming and less dependent on operator skills. Objective To compare the PWVcf measured by an extensively used device (SphygmoCor) and the Vicorder in adults initially. Methods Thirty-eight healthy volunteers (20 men, mean age 48 ± 13.1 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. The PWVcf was assessed twice using the SphygmoCor and the Vicorder by a single investigator during one visit. Intra-rater reproducibility of each instrument and comparison between the two instruments were assessed by the Bland–Altman method. Results The mean difference (95% confidence interval) between repeated measurements was 0.09 (−0.20 to 0.38) m/s and 0.24 (−0.55 to 1.03) m/s, for the SphygmoCor and Vicorder, respectively. The Limits of Agreement (LoA) were −1.53 to 1.71 m/s and −4.24 to 4.72 m/s, for the SphygmoCor and Vicorder, respectively. The mean PWVcf measured by the Vicorder was 0.58 (−0.20 to 1.35) m/s higher than the PWVcf measured by the SphygmoCor. The LoA between the two instruments were −3.50 to 4.66 m/s. Conclusion The LoA of both instruments exceed a value of 1.5 m/s. The LoA of the Vicorder PWVcf measurements are considered too wide for using this technique reliably in adults or in children.
Poly[diaquabis(μ-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2 N:N′)bis(ethane-1,2-diol-κO)bis(μ-sulfato-κ2 O:O′)dicobalt(II)]

In the title compound, [Co2(SO4)2(C10H8N2)2(C2H6O2)2(H2O)2]n, there are two crystallographically independent CoII ions, each of which lies on a twofold rotation axis and has a slightly distorted octahedral environment. One CoII ion is coordinated by two N atoms from two bridging 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bipy) ligands, two O atoms from two sulfate ions and two O atoms from aqua ligands. The second CoII ion is similar but with ethane-1,2-diol ligands in place of water molecules. The sulfate anions act as bridging ligands to link two adjacent CoII ions together, leading to the formation of linear ⋯Co1Co2Co1Co2⋯chains along the a axis. Adjacent chains are further bridged by 4,4′-bipy ligands, which are also located on the twofold rotation axis, resulting in a two-dimensional layered polymer extending parallel to (001). In the crystal, the layers are linked by extensive O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the O atoms of the water molecules and ethane-1,2-diol molecules, resulting in a three-dimensional supramolecular network.
Mebeverine, an effective agent in the irritable colon syndrome.

Summary: In a single blind clinical trial, a significant preference emerged for mebeverine against the placebo tablet, when patients compared the efficacy of the two agents in relieving the symptoms of the irritable colon syndrome. This result confirms a previous study and indicates that mebeverine deserves a place in the management of the irritable colon syndrome in those patients who require drug therapy.
Functional anatomy of distant-acting mammalian enhancers

Transcriptional enhancers are a major class of functional element embedded in the vast non-coding portion of the human genome. Acting over large genomic distances, enhancers play critical roles in the tissue and cell type-specific regulation of genes, and there is mounting evidence that they contribute to the aetiology of many human diseases. Methods for genome-wide mapping of enhancer regions are now available, but the functional architecture contained within human enhancer elements remains unclear. Here, we review recent approaches aimed at understanding the functional anatomy of individual enhancer elements, using systematic qualitative and quantitative assessments of mammalian enhancer variants in cultured cells and in vivo. These studies provide direct insight into common architectural characteristics of enhancers including the presence of multiple transcription factor-binding sites and the mixture of both transcriptionally activating and repressing domains within the same enhancer. Despite such progress in understanding the functional composition of enhancers, the inherent complexities of enhancer anatomy continue to limit our ability to predict the impact of sequence changes on in vivo enhancer function. While providing an initial glimpse into the mutability of mammalian enhancers, these observations highlight the continued need for experimental enhancer assessment as genome sequencing becomes routine in the clinic.
Two Mitochondrial Barcodes for one Biological Species: The Case of European Kuhl's Pipistrelles (Chiroptera)

The Kuhl’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus kuhlii) is a Western Palaearctic species of bat that exhibits several deeply divergent mitochondrial lineages across its range. These lineages could represent cryptic species or merely ancient polymorphism, but no nuclear markers have been studied so far to properly assess the taxonomic status of these lineages. We examined here two lineages occurring in Western Europe, and used both mitochondrial and nuclear markers to measure degrees of genetic isolation between bats carrying them. The sampling focused on an area of strict lineage sympatry in Switzerland but also included bats from further south, in North Africa. All individuals were barcoded for the COI gene to identify their mitochondrial lineages and five highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to cluster them according to their nuclear genotypes. Despite this low number of nuclear markers, all North African nuclear genotypes were grouped in a highly distinct subpopulation when compared with European samples sharing the same mitochondrial barcodes. The reverse situation prevailed in Switzerland where bats carrying distinct barcodes had similar nuclear genotypes. There was a weak east/west nuclear structure of populations, but this was independent of mitochondrial lineages as bats carrying either variant were completely admixed. Thus, the divergent mitochondrial barcodes present in Western Europe do not represent cryptic species, but are part of a single biological species. We argue that these distinct barcodes evolved in allopatry and came recently into secondary contact in an area of admixture north of the Alps. Historical records from this area and molecular dating support such a recent bipolar spatial expansion. These results also highlight the need for using appropriate markers before claiming the existence of cryptic species based on highly divergent barcodes.
Recent advances in ASR applied to an Arabic transcription system for Al-Jazeera

This paper describes a detailed comparison of several state-ofthe-art speech recognition techniques applied to a limited Arabic broadcast news dataset. The different approaches were all trained on 50 hours of transcribed audio from the Al-Jazeera news channel. The best results were obtained using i-vectorbased speaker adaptation in a training scenario using the Minimum Phone Error (MPE) criteria combined with sequential Deep Neural Network (DNN) training. We report results for two different types of test data: broadcast news reports, with a best word error rate (WER) of 17.86%, and a broadcast conversations with a best WER of 29.85%. The overall WER on this test set is 25.6%. Index Terms: Arabic, ASR system, Kaldi
Application of Two-Layer Cellular Neural Networks for Edge Detection

In this research, we propose the new type two-layer cellular neural networks. In our two-layer cellular neural networks, calculation start time of each layer have di erence. In particular, the first layer is calculated in first, and output of the first layer is inputted to the second layer. By using di usion processing in this structure, we expect that the complex image processing using the CNN is realized. We confirm the characteristics of our two-layer CNN by computer simulation.
An Improved Collaborative Filtering Recommendation Algorithm against Shilling Attacks

Collaborative Filtering (CF) is a successful technology that has been implemented in E-commerce recommender systems. However, the risks of shilling attacks have already aroused increasing concerns of the society. Current solutions mainly focus on attack detection methods and robust CF algorithms that have flaws of unassured prediction accuracy. Furthermore, attack detection methods require a threshold to distinguish normal users from fake users and suffer from the problems of false positive if the threshold is too high and false negative if too low. This paper proposes a soft-decision method, Neighbor Selection with Variable-Length Partitions (VLPNS), to reduce false positive rate through marking suspicious fakers instead of deleting them directly such that misclassified normal users can still contribute to the similarity calculation. The method works as follows: First, it gets user's suspicion probability by applying SVM. It then generates partitions of variable sizes from which different numbers of neighbors can be selected by using the bisecting c-means clustering algorithm. Finally, it chooses neighbors considering the user's suspicion degree and similarity with target user at the same time. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that our approach ensures an excellent prediction accuracy against shilling attacks.
Spectral Clustering of Data Streams

The data is modeled as an m × n matrix P n points, each m-dimensional that is arriving as a stream, a point at a time. Our algorithm has two components stream framework StrFr and spectral clustering algorithm SpCl. SpCl works on an adjacency matrix representation of the points by recursively producing cuts on the graph thus defined. StrFr takes in the stream in chunks of size n1, converts a chunk into adjacency representation A, adjoins it with the compressed information of past chunks obtained through clustering, and uses SpCl to cluster it.
Biologically inspired image sampling for electronic eye

In biomedical field, electronic eyes are of a great interest to provide visual information to blind people. Some of them are built to be plugged to the optical nerve and others to the visual cortex itself. In our case the electronic eye processes images in order to reproduce the retina behavior, as well as some of the visual cortex abilities. The main task presented in this paper deals with data acquisition and restitution. In other words the image acquired by a classical CCD is re-sampled in order to reproduce cone acquisition. Cones are small photo-receptors located on the retina perpendicularly to the visual axis. As cones are dedicated to color perception the presented method shows how to process color data in order to obtain a radial-sampled image. In this way the amount of data decreases considerably and the image processing to be achieved later is fastened up.
Distributed load scheduling in smart community with capacity constrained local power supplier

In this paper, we investigate the residential load scheduling problem within a smart energy community, which is powered by a primary utility along with a small scale local power supplier. As a premise, unit prices set by these two suppliers are different and both are time-varying. Therefore, users are motivated to control their household appliances' operation time and calculate appropriate portions of power purchased from these two suppliers to achieve bill curtailments. The capacity constraint of local power supplier, arising from the renewable energy source and the limited storage capability, also should not be violated. We formulate a residential load scheduling problem to address this situation. Distributed scheme based on information exchange among users is proposed, without over revealing individual user's load profile. Then we propose a distributed algorithm to solve this scheduling problem. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can reduce energy cost of the community and cut down electricity payments of users, and the peak-to-average ratio in load demand is also decreased.
Poisson kernels of half-spaces in real hyperbolic spaces

We provide an integral formula for the Poisson kernel of half-spaces for Brownian motion in real hyperbolic space $\H^n$. This enables us to find asymptotic properties of the kernel. We also show convergence to the Poisson kernel of the whole space $\H^n$. For n=3, 4 or 6 we compute explicit formulas for the Poisson kernel itself.
Measurement of Acute Pelvic Pain Intensity in Gynecology: A Comparison of Five Methods

OBJECTIVE: To compare different methods for measuring pelvic pain intensity in a gynecologic emergency unit. METHODS: A total of 177 consecutive female patients, with or without pain, consulting in a gynecologic emergency unit, underwent initial pain evaluation. We used three self-report pain intensity scales: visual analog scale, numeric rating scale, and verbal rating scale, and two nonverbal structured behavioral indices (BI-1, first behavioral index, BI-2 second behavioral index). Diagnosis and treatment took place in routine manner. RESULTS: The five scales were unidimensional according to principal component analysis (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.89). Missing data rates were greater for the two behavioral scales than for the self-report scales (n=177; 6.2% for BI-1 and 12.4% for BI-2). Patients had lower scores with the behavioral scales than with the self-report ones. Variations of pain intensity according to the pain physiology or the pain location were similar whatever the method of measurement used. The five methods were all sensitive to the physiology of the pain, the location and the severity of the illness, and pain as a main complaint. None of the methods used was affected by age, occupational categories, parity, or geographical origins. CONCLUSION: All methods adequately measured the pelvic pain intensity in gynecologic emergencies. The self-report scales were easier to use than the behavioral indices. Self-report measurements of pelvic pain intensity provide useful information at the time of triage in gynecologic emergency departments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Machine-Checkable Timed CSP

The correctness of safety-critical embedded software is crucial, whereas non-functional properties like deadlock-freedom and real-time constraints are particularly important. The real-time calculus Timed Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) is capable of expressing such properties and can therefore be used to verify embedded software. In this paper, we present our formalization of Timed CSP in the Isabelle/HOL theorem prover, which we have formulated as an operational coalgebraic semantics together with bisimulation equivalences and coalgebraic invariants. Furthermore, we apply these techniques in an abstract specification with real-time constraints, which is the basis for current work in which we verify the components of a simple real-time operating system deployed on a satellite.
Learning Semantic String Transformations from Examples

We address the problem of performing semantic transformations on strings, which may represent a variety of data types (or their combination) such as a column in a relational table, time, date, currency, etc. Unlike syntactic transformations, which are based on regular expressions and which interpret a string as a sequence of characters, semantic transformations additionally require exploiting the semantics of the data type represented by the string, which may be encoded as a database of relational tables. Manually performing such transformations on a large collection of strings is error prone and cumbersome, while programmatic solutions are beyond the skill-set of end-users. We present a programming by example technology that allows end-users to automate such repetitive tasks. We describe an expressive transformation language for semantic manipulation that combines table lookup operations and syntactic manipulations. We then present a synthesis algorithm that can learn all transformations in the language that are consistent with the user-provided set of input-output examples. We have implemented this technology as an add-in for the Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet system and have evaluated it successfully over several benchmarks picked from various Excel help-forums.
Coordination in state-dependent distributed networks: The two-agent case

This paper addresses a coordination problem between two agents (Agents 1 and 2) in the presence of a noisy communication channel which depends on an external system state {x0,t}. The channel takes as inputs both agents' actions, {x1,t} and {x2,t} and produces outputs that are observed strictly causally at Agent 2 but not at Agent 1. The system state is available either causally or non-causally at Agent 1 but unknown at Agent 2. Necessary and sufficient conditions on a joint distribution Q̅(x0, x1, x2) to be implementable asymptotically (i.e, when the number of taken actions grows large) are provided for both causal and non-causal state information at Agent 1. Since the coordination degree between the agents' actions, x1,t and x2,t, and the system state x0,t is measured in terms of an average payoff function, feasible payoffs are fully characterized by implementable joint distributions. In this sense, our results allow us e.g., to derive the performance of optimal power control policies on an interference channel and to assess the gain provided by non-causal knowledge of the system state at Agent 1. The derived proofs readily yield new results also for the problem of state-communication under a causality constraint at the decoder.
Simultaneous Detection of Pro- and Antioxidative Effects in the Variants of the Deoxyribose Degradation Assay

Interest in the redox properties of natural products has led to the development of various assays for the detection of antioxidant activities and ROS-scavenging properties. Here, additional modifications of the 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation assay are introduced that specifically allow the determination of interactions of the test compound with the autoxidation of ascorbic acid and the autoxidation of the test compound itself. To illustrate this, juglone and quercetin were used as examples. The modified assay systems provide insights into their specific antioxidative and pro-oxidative properties. In additional, an extensive characterization of the redox properties of their complex with iron is possible, if iron ions are added in the free form or complexed with EDTA. The juglone−iron complex proved to be pro-oxidative in a wider range of milieus than the quercetin−iron complex.