Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Illicit expressions in vector algebra

In vector geometry there are 2 distinct types of entities: points <italic>P</italic>, <italic>Q</italic>, <italic>R</italic> … and vectors <italic>u</italic>, <italic>v</italic>, <italic>w</italic> … Generally, the operattions of vector algebra —addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, dot product, and cross product—are intrinsically defined only for vectors, not for points. Yet illicit expressions containing terms like <italic>P</italic> + <italic>Q</italic>, <italic>cP</italic>, <italic>P</italic> X <italic>Q</italic>, etc. often appear in graphics textbooks, papers, and programs. In this paper we justify the use of such illicit expressions, and we we give criteria for recognizing when such an expression is truly legitimate. In particular we show that an algebraic expression <italic>E</italic>(<italic>P</italic><sub scrpt>1</subscrpt>, …, <italic>Pn</italic>) is legitimate if and onl y if <italic>E</italic>(<italic>v</italic><subscrpt>1</subscrpt> + <italic> w</italic>, …<italic>v<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic> + <italic>w</italic>) = <italic>E</italic>(<italic>v<subscrpt>1</subscrpt></italic>, …, <ita lic>v<subscrpt>n</subscrpt></italic>) + <italic>kw</italic>, <italic>k</italic> + 0, 1. We also derive many useful examples of such an expression.
Adapting a receptive vocabulary test for preschool-aged Greek-speaking children.

BACKGROUND Receptive vocabulary is an important measure for language evaluations. Therefore, norm-referenced receptive vocabulary tests are widely used in several languages. However, a receptive vocabulary test has not yet been normed for Modern Greek. AIMS To adapt an American English vocabulary test, the Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test-II (ROWPVT-II), for Modern Greek for use with Greek-speaking preschool children. METHODS & PROCEDURES The list of 170 English words on ROWPVT-II was adapted by (1) developing two lists (A and B) of Greek words that would match either the target English word or another concept corresponding to one of the pictured objects in the four-picture array; and (2) determining a developmental order for the chosen Greek words for preschool-aged children. For the first task, adult word frequency measures were used to select the words for the Greek wordlist. For the second task, 427 children, 225 boys and 202 girls, ranging in age from 2;0 years to 5;11 years, were recruited from urban and suburban areas of Greece. A pilot study of the two word lists was performed with the aim of comparing an equal number of list A and list B responses for each age group and deriving a new developmental list order. OUTCOMES & RESULTS The relative difficulty of each Greek word item, that is, its accuracy score, was calculated by taking the average proportion of correct responses across ages for that word. Subsequently, the word accuracy scores in the two lists were compared via regression analysis, which yielded a highly significant relationship (R(2) = 0.97; p < 0.0001) and a few outlier pairs (via residuals). Further analysis used the original relative ranking order along with the derived ranking order from the average accuracy scores of the two lists in order to determine which word item from the two lists was a better fit. Finally, new starting levels (basals) were established for preschool ages. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The revised word list can serve as the basis for adapting a receptive vocabulary test for Greek preschool-aged children. Further steps need to be taken when testing larger numbers of 2;0 to 5;11-year-old children on the revised word list for determination of norms. This effort will facilitate early identification and remediation of language disorders in Modern Greek-speaking children.
Improved Spatial Pyramid Matching for Sports Image Classification

In the study on sports image classification, the characteristics of human pose increasingly raise concerns of researchers. However, the same posture for human may be resulted from different scenes and scene objects that express diverse action states and meanings. Thus, combination of human pose and event scenes shall be considered so as to improve performance of sports image classification. In recent years, spatial pyramid matching (SPM) has attracted more and more attentions on the field of natural scene categories. Moreover, the high accuracy in image retrieval and image classification has been shown in multiple works. However, SPM can merely consider the absolute locations of the visual words in images. Hence, this paper attempts to take spatial pyramid matching as the basic idea, and combines with Visual Words Spatial Dependence Matrices that describes the relative spatial information. As shown in the experimental results, classification accuracy of the proposed method is improved by approximately 19% compared with SPM, and superior to some other improved SPM methods in the sports image classification.
Industrial Robot : An International Journal Design of a novel robotic system for minimally invasive surgery

Design of a novel robotic system for minimally invasive surgery Yue Ai, Bo Pan, Yili Fu, Shuguo Wang, Article information: To cite this document: Yue Ai, Bo Pan, Yili Fu, Shuguo Wang, (2017) "Design of a novel robotic system for minimally invasive surgery", Industrial Robot: An International Journal, Vol. 44 Issue: 3,pp. -, doi: 10.1108/IR-07-2016-0181 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/IR-07-2016-0181
A Survey of Soil Erosion in Australia using Caesium‐137

A survey of soil erosion was conducted in Australia using the fallout radioisotope caesium-137 as an indicator of topsoil redistribution. Two hundred and six sites were sampled, 100 within rotational cropping and horticultural use, 52 within uncultivated permanent pasture and forest, and 54 in rangelands. Average net soil losses were approximately equal for cultivated cropping lands and rangelands (ca. 5.5 t ha−1 yr−1), and just over 1 t ha−1 yr−1 for pasture and forest. The Mann Whitney U Test revealed that losses under cropping and rangeland conditions were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than under uncultivated pasture and forest. Soil loss was negatively correlated with mean annual rainfall and slope gradient, and positively correlated with slope length (Spearman's rank correlation). There was no correlation between rates of soil loss and a rainfall erosi-vity index. An assessment of erosional events was provided by landholders for 104 sites, with their ranking being weakly but significantly correlated with soil loss estimates (r =+0.35). Sixty percent of sites had net soil losses greater than 1 t ha−1 yr−1, and 74% of sites had losses of more than 0.5 t ha−1 yr−1. This latter rate may be regarded as a limit for a tolerable level of soil loss. These high rates of soil loss have occurred since the mid-1950s despite there being significant landholder awareness of the soil erosion hazard.
Extracting word lists for domain-specific implicit opinions from corpora

Sentiment analysis relies to a large extent on lexical resources. While lists of words bearing a context-independent evaluative polarity (‘great’, ‘bad’) are available for many languages now, the automatic extraction of domain-speciﬁc evaluative vocabulary still needs attention. This holds especially for implicit opinions or so-called polar facts. In our work, we focus on German and on a genre that has not received much attention yet: customer emails. As the prime downstream application is identifying customers’ complaints, we concentrate here on ﬁnding negative words, but our method applies to positive ones as well. Using a seed list approach, we provide a comparative analysis along three dimensions: effect of different seed lists, different linguistic analysis units, and different statistical correlation tests.
Effect of physico-chemical characteristics on distribution of PAHs in different size sediments from the Wuhan Reach of the Yangtze River, China

The composition and environmental risks of PAHs in different size sediments collected from Yangtze River Catchment in Wuhan, China, were investigated. This study suggested that organic matter content in different size sediments was the main factor affecting the composition and distribution of PAH residues, but there was no significant relationship between the source of organic matter and PAH concentrations in sediments. Interestingly, total N, mostly contributed by organic nitrogen, also an indicator of the fertility of sediments, showed significant correlation with the distribution of PAHs. Black carbon exhibited importance in <25 μm size fraction sediment.
Testing Combined Finite State Machines

The automatic generation of test cases is an important problem for conformance testing of several critical systems. In many situations, the system specification is modeled as a Finite State Machine (FSM). In practice, a system is a combination of several subsystems, designed, developed and tested independently. Since the overall number of states in the FSM specification is usually large, the known methods to generate test suites may become impractical. So, to properly describe modular systems, in this paper, we define the concept of combined FSMs. A combined FSM is obtained conjoining previously tested submachines with newly added states. We adapt the well-known W-method [4] and the G-method [2], and introduce a new method to test combined FSMs. The new method is scalable to the number of states, and can also be used for incremental testing of new systems, or for retesting modified implementations.
Low Power Wireless Health Monitoring System

Low Power Wireless Health Monitoring System (LoWHMS) is a sensor network which aims to monitor vital signs of a patient remotely. It provides real time feedback to medical personnel in order to alert them when life-threatening changes occur. The network is a self-healing network so that it can get reconfigured when the network links are broken. Ultra-Low power microcontrollers are used to reduce the power consumption drastically. The LoWHMS is a low cost solution which focuses on keeping doctors frequently updated about the health status of a patient and his vital signs. It also aims at eliminating physical delays arising due to lack of facilities in a particular hospital.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Acute Stroke: Clinical Perspective

The efficacy of intravenous (IV) and intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis for hyperacute stroke has made “brain attack” a treatable emergency. The addition of ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to acute stroke investigation has both increased our knowledge of acute stroke pathophysiology and brought a tool to study how to best select patients for thrombolytic therapy. MR offers the three essential components: vascular lesion identification, delineation of injured brain tissue, and map of ischemic brain. MR angiography can demonstrate the site of major cerebral artery occlusion, providing a means to screen for IA thrombolysis. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is capable of showing acute ischemic injury within minutes of symptom onset. Perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) shows the total area of acute ischemia, more accurately reflecting the extent of neurological dysfunction. Combining DWI and PWI immediately gives information that bears on how much tissue is injured (DWI) and how much tissue is functionally inactive but still viable (ischemic on PWI but still normal on DWI). A number of important questions remain, but current knowledge of natural history of stroke with MRI has provided a framework for comparing new therapeutic interventions. Ideally, patient treatment in the future will be tailored not to a fixed time window but to the physiological state of the ischemic tissue as defined by MRI.
Polynomial algorithms for the TSP and the QAP with a factorial domination number

Glover and Punnen (1997) asked whether there exists a polynomial time algorithm that always produces a tour which is not worse than at least n! =p(n) tours for some polynomial p(n) for every TSP instance on n cities. They conjectured that, unless P=NP, the answer to this question is negative. We prove that the answer to this question is, in fact, positive. A generalization of the TSP, the quadratic assignment problem, is also considered with respect to the analogous question. Probabilistic, graph-theoretical, group-theoretical and number-theoretical methods and results are used.
Using the Longitudinal Structure of Earnings to Estimate the Effect of Training Programs

In this paper we set out some methods that utilize the longitudinal structure of earnings of trainees and a comparison group to estimate the effectiveness of training for the 1976 cohort of CETA trainees. By fitting a components-of-variance model of earnings to the control group, and posing a simple model of program participation, we are able to predict the entire earnings histories of the trainees. The fit of these predictions to the pre-training earnings of the CETA participants provides a test of the model of earnings generation and program participation and simple check on the corresponding estimate of the effectiveness of training.Two factors appear to have a critical influence on the size of the estimated training effects: the time of the decision to participate in training and the presence or absence of individual-specific trends in earnings. We find considerable evidence that trainee earnings contain permanent, transitory,and trend-like components of selection bias. We are less successful in distinguishing empirically between alternative assumptions on the timing of the participation decision. If earnings in the year prior to training are the appropriate selection criterion, however, our estimate of the training effect for adult male CETA participants is about 300 dollars per year. Our estimates for female CETA participants are larger, and less sensitive to alternative models of program participation.
On the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: The MAM Hypothesis

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently unclear and is the subject of much debate. The most widely accepted hypothesis designed to explain AD pathogenesis is the amyloid cascade, which invokes the accumulation of extracellular plaques and intracellular tangles as playing a fundamental role in the course and progression of the disease. However, besides plaques and tangles, other biochemical and morphological features are also present in AD, often manifesting early in the course of the disease before the accumulation of plaques and tangles. These include altered calcium, cholesterol, and phospholipid metabolism; altered mitochondrial dynamics; and reduced bioenergetic function. Notably, these other features of AD are associated with functions localized to a subdomain of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), known as mitochondria‐associated ER membranes (MAMs). The MAM region of the ER is a lipid raft‐like domain closely apposed to mitochondria in such a way that the 2 organelles are able to communicate with each other, both physically and biochemically, thereby facilitating the functions of this region. We have found that MAM‐localized functions are increased significantly in cellular and animal models of AD and in cells from patients with AD in a manner consistent with the biochemical findings noted above. Based on these and other observations, we propose that increased ER‐mitochondrial apposition and perturbed MAM function lie at the heart of AD pathogenesis. —Area‐Gomez, E. , Schon, E. A. On the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: the MAM hypothesis. FASEB J. 31,864–867 (2017). www.fasebj. org
A Novel Molecular Mechanism of Dual Resistance to Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Recently, mutations in the connection subdomain (CN) and RNase H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were observed to exhibit dual resistance to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs and NNRTIs). To elucidate the mechanism by which CN and RH mutations confer resistance to NNRTIs, we hypothesized that these mutations reduce RNase H cleavage and provide more time for the NNRTI to dissociate from the RT, resulting in the resumption of DNA synthesis and enhanced NNRTI resistance. We observed that the effect of the reduction in RNase H cleavage on NNRTI resistance is dependent upon the affinity of each NNRTI to the RT and further influenced by the presence of NNRTI-binding pocket (BP) mutants. D549N, Q475A, and Y501A mutants, which reduce RNase H cleavage, enhance resistance to nevirapine (NVP) and delavirdine (DLV), but not to efavirenz (EFV) and etravirine (ETR), consistent with their increase in affinity for RT. Combining the D549N mutant with NNRTI BP mutants further increases NNRTI resistance from 3- to 30-fold, supporting the role of NNRTI-RT affinity in our NNRTI resistance model. We also demonstrated that CNs from treatment-experienced patients, previously reported to enhance NRTI resistance, also reduce RNase H cleavage and enhance NNRTI resistance in the context of the patient RT pol domain or a wild-type pol domain. Together, these results confirm key predictions of our NNRTI resistance model and provide support for a unifying mechanism by which CN and RH mutations can exhibit dual NRTI and NNRTI resistance.
Joint estimation of I/Q imbalance, CFO and channel response for MIMO OFDM systems

In this paper, we study the joint estimation of inphase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, carrier frequency offset (CFO), and channel response for multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using training sequences. A new concept called channel residual energy (CRE) is introduced. We show that by minimizing the CRE, we can jointly estimate the I/Q imbalance and CFO without knowing the channel response. The proposed method needs only one OFDM block for training and the training symbols can be arbitrary. Moreover when the training block consists of two repeated sequences, a low complexity two-step approach is proposed to solve the joint estimation problem. Simulation results show that the mean-squared error (MSE) of the proposed method is close to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB).
Energy-Efficient Methods for Highly Correlated Spatio-Temporal Environments in Wireless Sensor Network Communications

Continuous-monitoring (CM) of natural phenomenon is one of the major streams of applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where aggregation and clustering techniques are beneficial as correlation dominates in both spatial and temporal aspects of sensed phenomenon. Conversely, in Event Driven Reporting (EDR), the efficient transmission of sensitive data related to some predefined alarm cases is of major importance. As such, reporting latency is a more important performance parameter. However, in some applications, the transmission of both CM and EDR data is encouraged or even required. For either CM or EDR applications, system performance can be greatly improved when both the number of packets to be transmitted as well as the packet size is reduced. This is especially true for highly dense sensor networks where many nodes detect the same values for the sensed phenomenon. Building on this, this paper focuses on studying and proposing compression techniques to improve the system performance in terms of energy consumption and reporting latency in both CM and EDR applications. Furthermore, we extend our analysis to hybrid networks where CM and EDR are required simultaneously. Specifically, this paper presents a simple aggregation technique named smart aggregation (SAG) for the CM applications and an event driven scheme named compression cluster scheme in spatial correlated region (CC_SCR). The proposed SAG exploits both spatial and temporal correlations where CC_SCR exploits the spatial correlation of such networks by data compression. Rationalizing the developments is attained by simulations that compare energy efficiency of the proposed SAG with k-hop aggregation and CM based event driven reporting (CMEDR) schemes. Results of CC_SCR show that the technique may reduce the energy consumption drastically. In some specific cases the reduction becomes more than 10 times compared to a classical clustering scheme. Two different strategies for the transmission of event reports through the CM infrastructure are incorporated: PER and NPER protocols. Both strategies take advantage of the cluster-based architecture which assigns a TDMA schedule for the CM data transmission while using NP/CSMA for the transmission of the event information. Consequently, no extra energy is consumed for separate event clusters. As such, the number of packets to be transmitted is greatly reduced.
RASTER-MODE AREA GENERALIZATION FOR LAND USE AND LAND COVER MAPS

Raster mode is more appropriate than vector mode for the computer-assisted generalization of land use and land cover data. A raster-mode approach promotes the partitioning of thin or insignificant polygons and the growing or linking of others. If the scale is reduced substantially, partitioning and region growing are needed to guarantee a graphically stable image, which will resist misregistration during reproduction. The test examples presented here demonstrate the efficacy of a raster-mode approach in reducing 1 : 250,000-scale land use and land cover data in the U.S. Geological Survey's Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (GIRAS) to 1 :2,000,000, the scale of the National Atlas series of regional reference maps. A variety of category weights and priority rankings and several nonmutually exclusive options for smoothing and data aggregation confront the map author, who must provide detailed specifications. With these techniques generalized land use and land cover maps can be biased to em.
Long-range magnetic ordering in magnetic ionic liquid: Emim[FeCl4]

Up to now most of the magnetic ionic liquids containing tetrachloroferrate ion FeCl4 have evidenced a paramagnetic temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility, with only small deviations from the Curie law at low temperatures. However, we report on the physical properties of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate Emim[FeCl4], that clearly shows a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below the Néel temperature TN≈3.8 K. In addition, the field dependence of the magnetization measured at 2 K is characterized by a linear behaviour up to around 40 kOe, while above this field the magnetization becomes saturated with a value of 4.3 μB/Fe, which is near the expected fully saturated value of 5 μB/Fe for an Fe3 + ion.