Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The InterPro database, an integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites

Signature databases are vital tools for identifying distant relationships in novel sequences and hence for inferring protein function. InterPro is an integrated documentation resource for protein families, domains and functional sites, which amalgamates the efforts of the PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam and ProDom database projects. Each InterPro entry includes a functional description, annotation, literature references and links back to the relevant member database(s). Release 2.0 of InterPro (October 2000) contains over 3000 entries, representing families, domains, repeats and sites of post-translational modification encoded by a total of 6804 different regular expressions, profiles, fingerprints and Hidden Markov Models. Each InterPro entry lists all the matches against SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL (more than 1,000,000 hits from 462,500 proteins in SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL). The database is accessible for text- and sequence-based searches at http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/. Questions can be emailed to interhelp@ebi.ac.uk.
Behavioral approach to modeling residential mobility in the Prague metropolitan region

Residential mobility significantly influences all other urban processes: the real estate market, the location of economic activities and public services. Especially, the residential mobility influences the travel patterns and demand for transportation services. Therefore, modeling residential mobility should be regarded as the precondition for “smart” spatial and transportation planning. Recent approaches to modeling of urban processes regard the urban systems from the perspective of individual human actors, their preferences, decisions and activities. The micro-simulation random utility discrete choice models explicitly represent decision-making processes of individual actors in their individual contexts and allow the residential mobility factors to be analyzed on the level of individual actors. The paper describes the application of experimental microsimulation model on the study of residential mobility in the Prague metropolitan region. It examines existing data from the point of view of availability and suitability for micro-simulation modeling, provides technical guidance for the application of micro-simulation models for scientific research and the practice of urban planning and illustrates possible outcomes of the microsimulation modeling.
A role for a- and b-catenins in bacterial uptake

into human epithelial cells. This process requiresactin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here we show, by using aseries of stably transfected cell lines expressing E-cadherin vari-ants, that the ectodomain of E-cadherin is sufﬁcient for bacterialadherence and that the intracytoplasmic domain is required forentry. The critical cytoplasmic region was further mapped to the
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY

We summarize the basic principles of holographic seismic imaging of the solar interior, drawing on familiar principles in optics and parallels with standard optical holography. Computational seismic holography is accomplished by the phase-coherent wave-mechanical reconstruction of thep-mode acoustic field into the solar interior based on helioseismic observations at the solar surface. It treats the acoustic field at the solar surface in a way broadly analogous to how the eye treats electromagnetic radiation at the surface of the cornea, wave-mechanically refocusing radiation from submerged sources to render stigmatic images that can be sampled over focal surfaces at any desired depth. Holographic diagnostics offer a straight-forward assessment of the informational content of the observedp-mode spectrum independent of prospective physical models of the local interior anomalies that it represents. Computational holography was proposed as the optimum approach whereby to address the severe diffraction effects that confront standard tomography in the solar p-mode environment. It has given us a number of remarkable discoveries in the last two years and now promises a new insight into solar interior structure and dynamics in the local perspective. We compare the diagnostic roles of simple acoustic-power holography and phase-sensitive holography, and anticipate approaches to solar interior modeling based on holographic signatures. We identify simple computational principles that, applied to high-quality helioseismic observations, make it easy for prospective analysts to produce high-quality holographic images for practical applications in local helioseismology.
Dendritic origin of late events in optical recordings from salamander olfactory bulb.

1. Optical recordings of membrane-potential changes were used to characterize the origin and properties of the electrical signals from the dendritic level in slices of the salamander olfactory bulb. 2. The optical events were correlated with field-potential waves recorded simultaneously. Both responses exhibited patterns similar to those found in other species. 3. Orthodromic stimulation evoked a compound action potential in the olfactory nerve fibers, followed by two additional principal waves (N1 and N2). These field-potential waves reflected excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the primary mitral/tufted and granule cell dendrites, respectively. 4. Extrinsic optical signals from horizontal slices stained with the pyrazo-oxonal dye RH-155 showed a characteristic sequence of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing events. All of the signals exhibited a wavelength dependence expected for this dye and were abolished in the presence of high K+ in the bath. 5. According to their time courses, depolarizing responses under normal recording conditions were divided into two components, fast and slow. Orthodromic stimuli evoked a fast presynaptic response that represents synchronous compound action potentials from olfactory nerve fibers. At subglomerular levels, additional fast responses could often be recorded at the peri/subglomerular level and in the mitral/tufted somata region. These postsynaptic responses partially coincided with the rising phase of a different depolarizing signal, a slow component characterized by its prolonged time course. 6. With orthodromic stimulation, this slow signal attained its largest amplitude in the zone between the glomeruli and the superficial part of the external plexiform layer (EPL). Antidromic stimuli evoked a signal with some similarities to the one evoked orthodromically, but originating in deeper EPL regions. 7. Slow components were characterized by their Ca dependence. Low Ca2+ medium, or calcium channel blockers, suppressed this optical component, whether evoked orthodromically, antidromically, or by direct stimulation. In addition, Ba2+ (2.5-3.6 mM) in the bath did not abolish these responses, suggesting that they do not reflect a glial depolarization in response to elevated extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o). 8. Locally applied stimuli next to the glomerular layer elicited these signals in 5-10 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) or in low extracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]o) medium, but antidromic or orthodromic stimuli failed to evoke the response under these conditions. The sizes of the responses to local stimuli remained constant, but an increase in their duration was observed in either TTX or low [Na+]o. 9. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and baclofen reduced the size of the slow components in a dose-dependent manner. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
COMMUNITY-BASED ANIMAL HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEMS : IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF VETERINARY SERVICE DELIVERY Paper prepared for the OIE Seminar Organisation of Veterinary Services and Food Safety World Veterinary Congress , Tunis , September 2002

This paper aims to give a brief introduction to community-based animal health workers (CAHW). It will refer the reader to sources of more detailed information not only on the modalities of establishing quality community-based animal health worker delivery systems but also on those CAHW issues that veterinary policy makers should appreciate in order to make rational decisions on improving the quality of veterinary services. Referring to the OIE’s guidelines on for the evaluation of veterinary services, the paper will utilise evidence produced by various authors and discuss how community-based animal health delivery systems can make a valuable contribution to improving veterinary services. The reader should be aware that all the examples and suggestions made in this paper refer to veterinary service delivery in the more remote and under-served livestock rearing areas of the developing world. The paper describes how this contribution is primarily achieved through improved linkages between veterinary authorities and the livestock owners and results in provision of privatised clinical services to livestock owners, improved utilisation of veterinary pharmaceuticals, the efficient delivery of sanitary mandate tasks such as vaccination campaigns, disease surveillance and other aspects of epizootic disease control. Finally some steps that veterinary administrations and authorities may consider in order to allow community-based animal health delivery systems to deliver these improvements, in a regulated manner, are highlighted. 1 Tufts University, USA and Community-based Animal Health and Participatory Epidemiology (CAPE) Unit of the Pan African Programme for the Control of Epizootics (PACE) at African Union’s Interafrican Bureau for Animal Resources (OAU/IBAR), P.O. Box 30786, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya, E-mail: tim.leyland@oau-ibar.org, andy.catley@oau-ibar.org; website: http://www.cape-ibar.org
Energy-efficient analog-to-digital conversion for ultra-wideband radio

In energy constrained signal processing and communication systems, a focus on the analog or digital circuits in isolation cannot achieve the minimum power consumption. Furthermore, in advanced technologies with significant variation, yield is traditionally achieved only through conservative design and a sacrifice of energy efficiency. In this thesis, these limitations are addressed with both a comprehensive mixed-signal design methodology and new circuits and architectures, as presented in the context of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for ultra-wideband (UWB) radio. UWB is an emerging technology capable of high-data-rate wireless communication and precise locationing, and it requires high-speed (>500MS/s), low-resolution ADCs. The successive approximation register (SAR) topology exhibits significantly reduced complexity compared to the traditional flash architecture. Three time-interleaved SAR ADCs have been implemented. At the mixed-signal optimum energy point, parallelism and reduced voltage supplies provide more than 3× energy savings. Custom control logic, a new capacitive DAC, and a hierarchical sampling network enable the high-speed operation. Finally, only a small amount of redundancy, with negligible power penalty, dramatically improves the yield of the highly parallel ADC in deep sub-micron CMOS. Thesis Supervisor: Anantha P. Chandrakasan Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by pregnant women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/ml.

In a collaboration of 7 European and United States prospective studies, 44 cases of vertical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission were identified among 1202 women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/mL at delivery or at the measurement closest to delivery. For mothers receiving antiretroviral treatment during pregnancy or at the time of delivery (or both), there was a 1.0% transmission rate (8 of 834; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4%-1.9%), compared with 9.8% (36 of 368; 95% CI, 7.0%-13.4%) for untreated mothers (risk ratio, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.05-0.21). In multivariate analysis adjusting for study, transmission was lower with antiretroviral treatment (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; P<.001), cesarean section (OR, 0.30; P=.022), greater birth weight (P=.003), and higher CD4 cell count (P=.039). In 12 of 44 cases, multiple RNA measurements were obtained during pregnancy or at the time of delivery or within 4 months after giving birth; in 10 of the 12 cases, the geometric mean virus load was >500 copies/mL. Perinatal HIV-1 transmission occurs in only 1% of treated women with RNA virus loads <1000 copies/mL and may be almost eliminated with antiretroviral prophylaxis accompanied by suppression of maternal viremia.
Plasma Flow Past Cometary and Planetary Satellite Atmospheres

The tenuous atmospheres and ionospheres of comets and outer planet satellites share many common properties and features. Such similarities include a strong interaction with their outer radiation, fields and particles environs. For comets the interaction is with the magnetized solar wind plasma, whereas for satellites the interaction is with the strongly magnetized and corotating planetary magnetospheric plasma. For this reason there are many common or analogous physical regimes, and many of the same modeling techniques are used to interpret remote sensing and in situ measurements in order to study the important underlying physical phenomena responsible for their appearances. We present here a review of various modeling approaches which are used to elucidate the basic properties and processes shaping the energetics and dynamics of these systems which are similar in many respects.
Deadlines in Product Development

Deadlines are common in product development and are often felt to be too harsh—many development efforts are still worth continuing at the time of mandated termination. We examine the value of deadlines from the agency-theoretic perspective. We consider a firm that pays an agent to lead product development activities. The chance of success depends on the viability of the project and the effort of the agent. As the project proceeds without success, doubts grow as to whether the project is viable. To motivate continued effort, the firm must promise the agent a generous reward if success is achieved during the late stage of development. However, rewarding late success undermines effort incentives in the early stage. The firm may find it more profitable to impose a hard, early deadline to eliminate the agent’s dynamic incentive to procrastinate. We derive conditions under which the firm should impose such deadlines. This paper was accepted by Pradeep Chintagunta, marketing .
Spatio-temporal tube segmentation through a video metrics-based patch similarity measure

This paper presents a new method for video simplification which identifies moving or static objects in a video by grouping together all the pixels corresponding to homogeneous texture and temporal coherent spatio-temporal regions, the so-called tubes. This is achieved through the proposal of video metrics defined on the video domain, which provide patches that intrinsically and automatically adapt its spatio-temporal shape and size, and a patch-based comparison measure that is able to capture the scene similarities. Building upon this video metrics-based patch similarity measure we propose a video simplification method that results in tubes made of the pixels with the same vicinity texture content regardless camera point of view or object position changes. We present experiments analyzing the performance of the proposed approach.
Optimization of fault indicators placement with dispersed generation insertion

This paper presents an optimization method of fault indicator placement by genetic algorithms. Requirements such as the network structure with switchgear system, reliability factor, economic parameters and fault localization by switchgear can be taken into account in an objective function to minimize. The influence of dispersed generation, inserted in the distribution network, on the fault indicator placement is also carried out. The tool created provides help to select the optimal fault indicator placement in the network following different objectives.
A 12-Bit High Speed Analog To Digital Convertor Using μ p 8085

The need constantly exists for converters with higher resolution, faster conversion speeds and lower power dissipation. High-speed analog to digital converters (ADC’s) have been based on flash architecture, because all comparators sample the analog input voltage simultaneously, this ADC is thus inherently fast. Unfortunately, flash ADC requires 2 N 1 comparators to convert N bit digital code from an analog sample. This makes flash ADC’s unsuitable for high-resolution applications. This paper demonstrates a simple technique to enhance resolution of flash ADC’s that require as few as 256 comparators for 12-bit conversion. In this approach, the analog input range is partitioned into 256 quantization cells, separated by 255 boundary points. An 8-bit binary code 00000000 to 11111111 is assigned to each cell. A 12-bit flash converter requires 4096 comparators, while proposed technique reduces number of comparator requirements to only 256 for 12bit conversion. Therefore, this technique is best suitable when high speed combined with high resolution is required. Result of 12-bit prototype is presented.
An assessment of the efficacy of chemical descalers for managing non-indigenous marine species within vessel internal seawater systems and niche areas

This study assessed the efficacy of commercially available descalers and factors that influence their efficacy as tools for marine biosecurity management. Laboratory experiments found calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) degradation varied up to 29% (from 111 to 143 g/l) amongst seven products tested. Increasing the concentration of hydrochloric, phosphoric and acid-surfactant descalers from 25 to 75% did not increase the rate or total degradation of the mussel, Mytilus planulatus. Warming descaling solutions (from 11 to 26°C) significantly increased the rate of mussel mortality, decay and total degradation in all treatments. Circulating treatments increased mussel mortality and decay rate in hydrochloric and acid-surfactant descalers, but had no detectable effect on total degradation after 24h. Hydrochloric acid based descalers (Rydlyme®, 3H® and Dynamic Descaler®) were more effective than phosphoric acid (Barnacle Buster®) and acid-surfactant (Triple 7 Enviroscale Plus®) treatments. Organic material was largely resistant to degradation under all treatments. The implications for descalers as marine biosecurity tools are discussed.
Role of Facial Nerve Motor-Evoked Potential Ratio in Predicting Facial Nerve Function in Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery Both Immediate and at 1 Year

Objective: To determine whether transcranial electrical stimulation-induced facial motor-evoked potential (FMEP) monitoring of the facial nerve (FN) during vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor resection can predict both immediate and 1 year postoperative FN functional outcome. Design: Prospective consecutive non-comparative observational case series. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Main Outcome Measures: Facial function, immediate post operation and at 1 year using House–Brackmann (HB) grading scale. Methods: The study included 367 consecutive patients (men 178; women 189; age 13–81 years) monitored during primary sporadic VS microsurgery between November 2002 and April 2015. Neurofibromatosis type II, revision surgery, previous radiotherapy treatment, preoperative facial nerve weakness, and non-VS cases were excluded retrospectively during analysis of data. Data of facial function were missing from eight patients at 1 year and were excluded. The correlation between the final-to-baseline FMEP ratio and immediate and 1 year facial nerve function was examined. Results: Using logistic regression model, the cut-off points of FMEP ratio were 0.62 (PPV 0.96) and 0.59 (PPV 0.98) which predicted satisfactory FN function (HB grades 1 or 2) immediately postoperative and at 1 year after surgery, respectively. Conclusion: Transcranial electrical stimulation FMEP is a valuable tool for monitoring facial nerve function during resection of vestibular schwannoma. Maintaining a FMEP event-to-baseline ratio of 60% or greater is predictive of satisfactory long-term FN function.
A framework for the physical development of elite rugby union players.

Increased professionalism in rugby has resulted in national unions developing high-performance models for elite player development, of which physical preparation is an important component, to ensure success in future years. This article presents a 5-step framework for the physical preparation of elite players in a development program. Competition movement patterns and the physical profiles of elite players are used as the basis of the framework and reinforce the repeated high-intensity nature of Rugby Union. Physical profiling highlights a player's strengths and weaknesses in the areas of strength, speed, endurance, and body composition. These qualities need to be managed with an understanding of their interaction. This framework should be implemented within the yearly plan to ensure that benefits are maximized from the training undertaken. The success of the framework in developing elite players' progression can be evaluated using standardized physical, performance, and competency tests. <
The Effects of Tidal Volume and Respiratory Rate on Oxygenation and Respiratory Mechanics During Laparoscopy in Morbidly Obese Patients

Morbidly obese (MO) patients undergoing laparoscopy have lower Pao2 compared with normal-weight (NW) patients. We hypothesized that increases in tidal volume (VT) or respiratory rate (RR) would improve oxygenation. All measurements were performed at: 1) baseline: VT 600–700 mL and 10 breaths/min, 2) double VT: VT 1200–1400 mL and 10 breaths/min, and 3) double rate: VT 600–700 mL and 20 breaths/min. We calculated static respiratory system compliance (Cst,rs) and inspiratory resistance (RI,rs). End-tidal CO2 was measured with a mass spectrometer, and Pao2 and Paco2 with a continuous blood gas monitor. Supine anesthetized MO patients had 29% lower Cst,rs than the NW patients (P < 0.05). Positioning patients head-up or head-down before pneumoperitoneum did not significantly affect Cst,rs in either group (P = 0.8). Doubling the VT, but not RR, increased Cst,rs in both groups. Pneumoperitoneum caused large decreases in Cst,rs in both groups (both P < 0.001). During pneumoperitoneum, changing the body position, VT, or RR did not further affect Cst,rs in either group (P > 0.7). Before pneumoperitoneum, RI,rs was higher in the MO patients compared with the NW patients regardless of body position (P = 0.01). Doubling either RR or VT before pneumoperitoneum did not change RI,rs in either group. After pneumoperitoneum, RI,rs increased in both the head-down and head-up positions (P < 0.05), but not in the supine position. Regardless of the conditions studied, alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen tension was always significantly higher in MO patients (P < 0.05). The alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen tension was not affected by body position, pneumoperitoneum, or the mode of ventilation. Arterial oxygenation during laparoscopy was affected only by body weight and could not be improved by increasing either the VT or RR.
Stator Current and Motor Efficiency as Indicators for Different Types of Bearing Faults in Induction Motors

This paper proposes a new approach to use stator current and efficiency of induction motors as indicators of rolling-bearing faults. After a presentation of the state of the art about condition monitoring of vibration and motor current for the diagnostics of bearings, this paper illustrates the experimental results on four different types of bearing defects: crack in the outer race, hole in the outer race, deformation of the seal, and corrosion. The first and third faults have not been previously considered in the literature, with the latter being analyzed in other research works, even if obtained in a different way. Another novelty introduced by this paper is the analysis of the decrease in efficiency of the motor with a double purpose: as alarm of incipient faults and as evaluation of the extent of energy waste resulting from the lasting of the fault condition before the breakdown of the machine.