Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Nematode Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E/G Complex Works with a trans-Spliced Leader Stem-Loop To Enable Efficient Translation of Trimethylguanosine-Capped RNAs

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic mRNA translation begins with recruitment of the 40S ribosome complex to the mRNA 5′ end through the eIF4F initiation complex binding to the 5′ m7G-mRNA cap. Spliced leader (SL) RNA trans splicing adds a trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap and a sequence, the SL, to the 5′ end of mRNAs. Efficient translation of TMG-capped mRNAs in nematodes requires the SL sequence. Here we define a core set of nucleotides and a stem-loop within the 22-nucleotide nematode SL that stimulate translation of mRNAs with a TMG cap. The structure and core nucleotides are conserved in other nematode SLs and correspond to regions of SL1 required for early Caenorhabditis elegans development. These SL elements do not facilitate translation of m7G-capped RNAs in nematodes or TMG-capped mRNAs in mammalian or plant translation systems. Similar stem-loop structures in phylogenetically diverse SLs are predicted. We show that the nematode eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E/G (eIF4E/G) complex enables efficient translation of the TMG-SL RNAs in diverse in vitro translation systems. TMG-capped mRNA translation is determined by eIF4E/G interaction with the cap and the SL RNA, although the SL does not increase the affinity of eIF4E/G for capped RNA. These results suggest that the mRNA 5′ untranslated region (UTR) can play a positive and novel role in translation initiation through interaction with the eIF4E/G complex in nematodes and raise the issue of whether eIF4E/G-RNA interactions play a role in the translation of other eukaryotic mRNAs.
Modulation Bandwidth Enhancement in Distributed Reflector Laser Based on Identical Active Layer Approach

We demonstrate a distributed reflector (DR) laser with the distributed feedback (DFB) section and the distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) section sharing the same multiple-quantum-well structure. The DR laser exhibits a stable dynamic single-longitudinal mode characteristic. A direct modulation bandwidth of 27 GHz is obtained through the detuned-loading effect and photon–photon resonance effect. The fabrication process of the DR laser is simplified due to the identical active layer structure and the uniform grating in the DFB and DBR sections.
An Efficient Algorithm for Constructing Maximum lifetime Tree for Data Gathering Without Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Data gathering is a broad research area in wireless sensor networks. The basic operation in sensor networks is the systematic gathering and transmission of sensed data to a sink for further processing. The lifetime of the network is defined as the time until the first node depletes its energy. A key challenge in data gathering without aggregation is to conserve the energy consumption among nodes so as to maximize the network lifetime. We formalize the problem of tackling the challenge as to construct a min-max-weight spanning tree, in which the bottleneck nodes have the least number of descendants according to their energy. However, the problem is NP-complete. A O(\log n/\log\log n)-approximation algorithm MITT is proposed to solve the problem without location information. Simulation results show that MITT can achieve longer network lifetime than existing algorithms.
Wideband aural acoustic absorbance predicts conductive hearing loss in children

Abstract Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that wideband aural absorbance predicts conductive hearing loss (CHL) in children medically classified as having otitis media with effusion. Design: Absorbance was measured in the ear canal over frequencies from 0.25 to 8 kHz at ambient pressure or as a swept tympanogram. CHL was defined using criterion air-bone gaps of 20, 25, and 30 dB at octaves from 0.25 to 4 kHz. A likelihood-ratio predictor of CHL was constructed across frequency for ambient absorbance, and across frequency and pressure for absorbance tympanometry. Performance was evaluated at individual frequencies and for any frequency at which a CHL was present. Study sample: Absorbance and conventional 0.226-kHz tympanograms were measured in children of age three to eight years with CHL and with normal hearing. Results: Absorbance was smaller at frequencies above 0.7 kHz in the CHL group than the control group. Based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, wideband absorbance in ambient and tympanometric tests were significantly better predictors of CHL than tympanometric width, the best 0.226-kHz predictor. Accuracies of ambient and tympanometric wideband absorbance did not differ. Conclusions: Absorbance accurately predicted CHL in children and was more accurate than conventional 0.226-kHz tympanometry.
Universalism Versus Targeting: The Vulnerability of Social Insurance and Means-Tested Minimum Income Protection in 18 Countries, 1990-2002

The stagnation and retrenchment of social policies in recent decades raise considerable interest and concern in writings on the welfare state. This study examines differences in the development of means-tested benefits and social insurance provisions. Questions relating to the measurement of policy retrenchment and the vulnerability of social benefits are addressed. Two conflicting hypotheses are discerned: one stating that the development of means-tested benefits resembles that of social insurance; and another more recent one claiming that the evolution of means-tested benefits follows a unique pattern. The empirical analyses are based on institutional data on the level of social benefits. It is shown that social insurance stands a better chance of surviving periods of retrenchment and that the greater vulnerability of means-tested benefits is related to the organization of social insurance provisions.
Reducing DRAM Refresh Overheads with Refresh-Access Parallelism

This article summarizes the idea of "refresh-access parallelism," which was published in HPCA 2014, and examines the work's significance and future potential. The overarching objective of our HPCA 2014 paper is to reduce the significant negative performance impact of DRAM refresh with intelligent memory controller mechanisms. To mitigate the negative performance impact of DRAM refresh, our HPCA 2014 paper proposes two complementary mechanisms, DARP (Dynamic Access Refresh Parallelization) and SARP (Subarray Access Refresh Parallelization). The goal is to address the drawbacks of state-of-the-art per-bank refresh mechanism by building more efficient techniques to parallelize refreshes and accesses within DRAM. First, instead of issuing per-bank refreshes in a round-robin order, as it is done today, DARP issues per-bank refreshes to idle banks in an out-of-order manner. Furthermore, DARP proactively schedules refreshes during intervals when a batch of writes are draining to DRAM. Second, SARP exploits the existence of mostly-independent subarrays within a bank. With minor modifications to DRAM organization, it allows a bank to serve memory accesses to an idle subarray while another subarray is being refreshed. Our extensive evaluations on a wide variety of workloads and systems show that our mechanisms improve system performance (and energy efficiency) compared to three state-of-the-art refresh policies, and their performance bene ts increase as DRAM density increases.
Effects of Hyperbilirubinemia on Cerebrocortical Electrical Activity in Newborns

In our study, cerebrocortical electrical activity was recorded as an indicator of bilirubin neurotoxicity. Bilirubin especially affects the thalamus and cerebral cortex. Inasmuch as rhythmic oscillations on the EEG arise from the interaction between cortex and thalamus, electrophysiologic effects of bilirubin on the rhythmic oscillations with long-term postnatal age were investigated. Brain maturation was also analyzed with power spectral analysis quantitatively. For this purpose, 141 EEG records were taken (in the first week, 15th d, at the end of the first month, and at the third month) from 17 infants with hyperbilirubinemia and 22 healthy infants. In all records, the major frequency component was formed by the delta frequency in both groups. In the first records of the hyperbilirubinemia group, the delta frequency was higher than the control group; however the theta, alpha, and beta frequencies and the amplitude levels were lower (p < 0.001). These changes were found to be significantly correlated with the bilirubin levels (p < 0.001). On the 15th d the amplitude of the hyperbilirubinemia group increased to similar levels as the control group. At the frequency bands of delta and theta, there were significant changes related to postnatal age (p < 0.001). In all cerebral regions, the delta frequency decreased and the theta frequency increased with age. However, in the hyperbilirubinemia group the delta frequency was higher, the theta frequency was lower, and the changes between the groups disappeared in the third month despite the differences at all regions of the brain. In terms of the vertex, k complex, and sleep spindle, there were no differences between both groups in the third month (p > 0.05). We conclude that hyperbilirubinemia affects the cerebrocortical electrical activity but appears to be time limited.
Some Implications of Property Rights in Hospital Management

THIS paper derives and tests some implications about differences in behavior resulting from differences in property right arrangements, and in particular, between proprietary for-profit and nonproprietary not-for-profit hospitals (hereafter referred to as proprietary and nonproprietary hospitals respectively) . The arrangements in nonproprietary nonprofit enterprises are different from those in proprietary profit-seeking organizations because (1) certain rights or claims to benefits in nonproprietary organizations are not transferable by sale as they are in proprietary organizations, and (2) managers or workers in nonprofit organizations do not have exclusive claim on residual products (the current flows of money and nonmoney benefits) that is characteristic of for-profit enterprises.
Measuring the sustainability of tourism development in protected areas: an indicator-based approach.

The monitoring of an appropriate indicator set may provide useful directions and guidelines in order to assure a harmonious co-existence of tourism activities and ecological processes in protected areas. However, when developing a synthetic indicator there is always a balance to be struck between ease/cost of measurement and policy significance. The present paper attempts to simplify the measurement of tourism sustainability by proposing a two-step approach for developing a set of sustainable indicators under data limitations and financial constraints. An initial set of indicators is created through literature review and implementation of good practices in the selection process. The final set of indicators is specified based on stakeholders' involvement and multi-criteria analysis. The empirical application of this method was actually focused on tourism sustainability in the national park of Lake Kerkini (Serres, Greece). Nevertheless, the proposed approach can also be effectively applied in any protected area, park or nature reserve.
Landscape-Scale Rehabilitation of Medusahead (Taeniatherum caput-medusae)-Dominated Sagebrush Steppe

Abstract Producers facing infestations of invasive annual grasses regularly voice the need for practical revegetation strategies that can be applied across broad landscapes. Our objective was to determine the potential for scaling up the single-entry approach for revegetating medusahead-infested rangeland to broader, more heterogeneous landscape-scale revegetation of winter annual grass–infested rangeland. We hypothesized, when applied on a highly variable landscape scale, the combination of imazapic and seeding would provide highest abundance of perennial grasses and lowest amount of annual grasses. Treatments included a control, seeding of crested wheatgrass (‘Hycrest’) and Sandberg's bluegrass, spraying (60 g ai ha−1 imazapic), and a simultaneously applied combination of spraying and seeding. The HyCrest and Sandberg's bluegrass seeding rates were 19 and 3.4 kg ha−1, respectively. The treatments were applied to large plots (1.4 to 8 ha) and replicated five times, with each replication located in different watersheds throughout southeastern Oregon. This study shows that the single-entry approach can be scaled up to larger landscapes, but variation within establishment areas will likely be high. This procedure should reduce the costs over multientry treatment applications and make revegetating annual grass–infested rangeland across landscapes more affordable. Nomenclature: Imazapic, medusahead, Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski, crested wheatgrass, Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. × Agropyron desertorum Gaertn. ‘Hycrest’, Sandberg's bluegrass, Poa secunda J.S. Presl Management Implications: Managing invasive annual grass infestations on a large scale remains a major impediment for successful rangeland restoration. The high cost of treatments and low percentage of success often keep managers from initiating management plans where large-scale infestations are present. In this experiment, we utilized a single-entry treatment of herbicide application and seeding on landscape-scale plots of medusahead- and cheatgrass-infested rangeland. We were interested in determining whether this method would provide acceptable levels of control for the invasive grasses and establishment of desired species. Our results suggest that the one-pass system might be a suitable method for restoring invasive annual grass infestations and lower the cost of treatment by completing an herbicide application and seeding in a single entry into the field.
Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure.

BACKGROUND Hypertension is a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, but its causes are not fully understood. There is indirect evidence that increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system might contribute to hypertension in patients with end-stage renal disease, but sympathetic-nerve discharge has not been measured directly in patients or animals with chronic renal failure. METHODS We recorded the rate of postganglionic sympathetic-nerve discharge to the blood vessels in skeletal muscle by means of microelectrodes inserted into the peroneal nerve in 18 patients with native kidneys who were undergoing long-term treatment with hemodialysis (of whom 14 had hypertension), 5 patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (of whom 1 had hypertension), and 11 normal subjects. RESULTS. The mean (+/- SE) rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was 2.5 times higher in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy than in the normal subjects (58 +/- 3 vs. 23 +/- 3 bursts per minute, P < 0.01). In contrast, the rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was similar in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had undergone bilateral nephrectomy (21 +/- 6 bursts per minute) and the normal subjects. The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge in the patients receiving hemodialysis who had not undergone nephrectomy was also significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that in the patients with bilateral nephrectomy, and it was accompanied in the former group by higher values for vascular resistance in the calf (45 +/- 4 vs. 22 +/- 4 units, P < 0.05) and mean arterial pressure (106 +/- 4 vs. 76 +/- 14 mm Hg, P < 0.05). The rate of sympathetic-nerve discharge was not correlated with either plasma norepinephrine concentrations or plasma renin activity. CONCLUSIONS Chronic renal failure may be accompanied by reversible sympathetic activation, which appears to be mediated by an afferent signal arising in the failing kidneys.
Control system based on fuzzy logic in nutmeg oil distillation process for energy optimization

This research is the application of control in distillation process of nutmeg oil. The control system is based on fuzzy logic, with two main parameters namely temperature and vapor pressure. Temperature settings in the range 90–120 °C. Steam pressure setting in 1–2.5 atmospheres range. The most optimal value of the fuzzy logic simulation is embedded in the micro controller to regulate the position of the gas flow valve. The experiments were carried out on distillation system by water and steam distillation boiler method. The fuel used in refining boilers is gas fuel. The capacity of the distillation system is 25 kg of dry nutmeg. Test results by applying controls without fuzzy logic and with fuzzy logic. From testing for 16 hours distillation system by applying fuzzy logic based control can optimize gas fuel energy by 20.3%.
Information Complementarities and Supply Chain Analysts

ABSTRACT: This study examines the antecedents and consequences of analysts choosing to become supply chain analysts (i.e., analysts following both a supplier and its major customer). We find that information complementarities between firms in the same supply chain, between a supplier firm and its industry peer firms, and between the supplier's major customer and other firms in analysts' portfolio affect their supply chain specialization decision. The potential revenues supplier firms generate for analysts' brokerage houses also significantly affect this decision. While supply chain analysts achieve superior forecast performance compared to non-supply chain analysts for supplier firms, they provide lower-quality forecasts for other firms in their portfolios. These findings suggest that analysts allocate resources strategically. Our results are robust to techniques designed to address the potential endogeneity of analysts' supply chain portfolio choices.
Planck 2013 results. XXI. Power spectrum and high-order statistics of the Planck all-sky Compton parameter map

We have constructed the first all-sky map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) e ect by applying specifically tailored component separation algorithms to the 100 to 857 GHz frequency channel maps from the Planck survey. This map shows an obvious galaxy cluster tSZ signal that is well matched with blindly detected clusters in the Planck SZ catalogue. To characterize the signal in the tSZ map we have computed its angular power spectrum. At large angular scales (‘ 500) the clustered cosmic infrared background and residual point sources are the major contaminants. These foregrounds are carefully modelled and subtracted. We thus measure the tSZ power spectrum over angular scales 0:17 < < 3:0 that were previously unexplored. The measured tSZ power spectrum is consistent with that expected from the Planck catalogue of SZ sources, with clear evidence of additional signal from unresolved clusters and, potentially, di use warm baryons. Marginalized band-powers of the Planck tSZ power spectrum and the best-fit model are given. The non-Gaussianity of the Compton parameter map is further characterized by computing its 1D probability distribution function and its bispectrum. The measured tSZ power spectrum and high order statistics are used to place constraints on 8.
Indirect influence, lobbies interdependence and ecological protectionism

This paper analyzes the setting of sustainability standards, such as those recently implemented in Europe and in the United States, as a political compromise pressured by the lobbying of competing industries and under the indirect influence of ecologists. Using a common agency model of lobbying, we extend Yandle's theory of `Bootleggers and Baptists' of interdependence between interest groups. Paradoxically, the indirect and information-based influence of ecologists can lead to a less constraining standard. We show, in a context of trade liberalization, that this influence leads nonetheless to a tightening of standards in large countries
A novel strategy for evaluating the effects of an electronic test ordering alert message: Optimizing cardiac marker use

Background: Laboratory ordering functions within computerized provider order entry (CPOE) systems typically support the display of electronic alert messages to improve test utilization or implement new ordering policies. However, alert strategies have been shown to vary considerably in their success and the characteristics contributing to an alert′s success are poorly understood. Improved methodologies are needed to evaluate alerts and their mechanisms of action. Materials and Methods: Clinicians order inpatient and emergency department laboratory tests using our institutional CPOE system. We analyzed user interaction data captured by our CPOE system to evaluate how clinicians responded to an alert. We evaluated an alert designed to implement an institutional policy restricting the indications for ordering creatine kinase-MB (CKMB). Results: Within 2 months of alert implementation, CKMB-associated searches declined by 79% with a corresponding decline in CKMB orders. Furthermore, while prior to alert implementation, clinicians searching for CKMB ultimately ordered this test 99% of the time, following implementation, only 60% of CKMB searches ultimately led to CKMB test orders. This difference presumably represents clinicians who reconsidered the need for CKMB in response to the alert, demonstrating the alert′s just-in-time advisory capability. In addition, as clinicians repeatedly viewed the alert, there was a "dose-dependant" decrease in the fraction of searches without orders. This presumably reflects the alerting strategy′s long-term educational component, as clinicians aware of the new policy will not search for CKMB when not indicated. Conclusions: Our analytic approach provides insight into the mechanism of a CPOE alert and demonstrates that alerts may act through a combination of just-in-time advice and longer term education. Use of this approach when implementing alerts may prove useful to improve the success of a given alerting strategy.
System building and implementations of TQM in Greater China: an overview

This paper examines the recent quality movement in Greater China and the development of total quality management (TQM) since the 1980s in the following three aspects. First, China is determined to upgrade quality management at the enterprise level by a top‐down approach. The efforts of the PRC Government in establishing quality systems to comply with international standard is reviewed. The Provisional Total Quality Management Guide for Industrial Enterprises and the GB/T 19000 standard (the Chinese version of ISO 9000) for national standards and quality certification are examined. Second, at the implementation level, the development of TQM and other quality systems is found to be less than satisfactory. A brief review of major empirical studies regarding TQM practices in China’s state‐owned enterprises and collective‐owned township enterprises is carried out. Third, TQM practices in Hong Kong, a Chinese market‐oriented economy, are reviewed and compared with those in China to explore any possible implications emerging from the political integration of these two regions in 1997.
Auditor Fees and Auditor Independence—Evidence from Going Concern Reporting Decisions in Germany

SUMMARY: This study examines the potential for non-audit services to impair auditor independence using going concern modifications as a proxy for audit quality. While prior research has focused primarily on Anglo-Saxon environments, this study focuses on Germany because of the country's unique reporting attributes and lower litigation risk when compared to Anglo-Saxon settings. Based on a sample of financially stressed manufacturing companies during the period 2005–2009, the results do not suggest that German auditors are less independent when the level of non-audit fees is high. However, there is some evidence that Big 4 audit firms are less likely than their non-Big 4 counterparts to issue a going concern emphasis-of-matter paragraph for engagements characterized by both relatively high levels of non-audit fees and financial stress.