Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Panda: a Pattern-based Programming System for Automatic Code Generation

This article provides an overview of a pattern-based programming system, named Panda, for automatic generation of high-level programming language code. Many code generation systems have been developed [2, 3, 4, 5, 6] that are able to generate source code by means of templates, which are defined by means of transformation languages such as XSL, ASP, etc. But these templates cannot be easily combined because they map parameters and code snippets provided by the programmer directly to the target programming language. On the contrary, the patterns used in a Panda program generate a code model that can be used as input to other patterns, thereby providing an unlimited capability of composition. Since such a composition may be split across different files or code units, a high degree of separation of concerns [15] can be achieved. A pattern itself can be created by using other patterns, thus making it easy to develop new patterns. It is also possible to implement an entire programming paradigm, methodology or framework by means of a pattern library: design patterns [8], Design by Contract [12], Aspect-Oriented Programming [1, 11], multi-dimensional separation of concerns [13, 18], data access layer, user interface framework, class templates, etc. This way, developing a new programming paradigm does not require to extend an existing programming system (compiler, runtime support, etc.), thereby focusing on the paradigm concepts. The Panda programming system introduces a higher abstraction level with respect to traditional programming languages: the basic elements of a program are no longer classes and methods but, for instance, design patterns and crosscutting concerns [1, 11].
Evaluation of Pillars4life: a virtual coping skills program for cancer survivors

Pillars4Life is an educational program that teaches coping skills to cancer patients in a virtual group setting; it was recently implemented at 17 hospitals across the USA. The cost‐effective, scalable, and assessable Pillars4Life curriculum targets psychosocial resources (e.g., self‐efficacy and coping skills) as a means to reduce symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress) and enhance quality of life.
Visualization Showcase: General-Relativistic Black Hole Visualization

Black holes are among the most fascinating and weird objects in the universe. They distort space and time in their close neighborhood in a way that is far beyond our every day experience. We demonstrate the visual effects of this curved spacetime by means of four-dimensional nonlinear ray tracing applied to an accretion disk around a spinning black hole and a sphere oscillating between two static, charged black holes. We discuss how visualization helps predict and communicate the interesting effects of general relativity, in particular, its geometric effects on light propagation. The nonlinear behavior of light propagation leads to a compute-intensive rendering process; we report on our experiences with highly parallel rendering in this context.
L’ empowerment , une pratique émancipatrice ?

Attention, livre important pour celles et ceux qui questionnent l'incapacite des politiques et des experts a repondre aux defis de notre epoque troublee. Et qui s'interrogent sur la facon dont les citoyen(ne)s peuvent construire des alternatives. Ce questionnement est en effet a l'origine, dans les Etats-Unis d'apres guerre, du concept d'empowerment, designant le « pouvoir d'agir » des individus et des collectifs. Ce concept a connu depuis un succes planetaire dans le monde anglophone. Mais il n'a perce que plus recemment dans les autres espaces culturels, dans les milieux du travail social comme dans la litterature du management. D'ou l'utilite de ce livre qui synthetise la foisonnante litterature anglophone sur la notion d'empowerment. Il retrace sa genese, l'histoire de ses multiples variantes et celle des pratiques sociales qu'elles ont nourries. Des mouvements feministes du Nord et du Sud jusqu'aux programmes de la Banque mondiale et de l'ONU, la notion est utilisee aussi bien dans une perspective radicale d'emancipation que pour conforter les visions neoliberales ou social-liberales. Defendant resolument sa version emancipatrice, les auteures en expliquent les limites, mais aussi son importance pour eclairer les debats contemporains sur la democratie.
- 99-Changes in Ca 2 +-Regulatory Muscle Membrane Proteins During the Chronic Low-Frequency Stimulation Induced Fast-To-Slow Transition Process

Electro-stimulation has a profound effect on the abundance and isoform expression pattern of many contractile and regulatory elements of skeletal muscle fibres. This review summarizes the effects of chronic low-frequency stimulation on Ca-regulatory membrane proteins involved in excitation-contraction coupling and muscle relaxation. Isoform switching and/or changes in the abundance of marker proteins due to muscle conditioning encompasses elements of the transverse-tubular voltage sensor, the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-release units, the luminal Ca-reservoir complex and the Ca-uptake apparatus of the longitudinal tubules. During the early phase of the fast-to-slow transition process an exchange between the RyR1 and RyR2 isoforms of the Ca-release channel, the α1S-subunit and the α1Csubunit isoforms of the dihydropyridine receptor, the fCSQ and sCSQ isoforms of the Cabinding protein calsequestrin and the SERCA1 and SERCA2 isoforms of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase occur. These changes appear to reflect molecular adaptations to changed physiological demands and are at least partially due to degeneration-regeneration processes. In addition, the shift from fast isoforms to slow and/or cardiac isoforms indicates that electro-stimulated muscle fibres possibly exhibit a cardiac/neonatal-like mode of the excitation-contraction-relaxation cycle.
Genome-Wide Screens for In Vivo Tinman Binding Sites Identify Cardiac Enhancers with Diverse Functional Architectures

The NK homeodomain factor Tinman is a crucial regulator of early mesoderm patterning and, together with the GATA factor Pannier and the Dorsocross T-box factors, serves as one of the key cardiogenic factors during specification and differentiation of heart cells. Although the basic framework of regulatory interactions driving heart development has been worked out, only about a dozen genes involved in heart development have been designated as direct Tinman target genes to date, and detailed information about the functional architectures of their cardiac enhancers is lacking. We have used immunoprecipitation of chromatin (ChIP) from embryos at two different stages of early cardiogenesis to obtain a global overview of the sequences bound by Tinman in vivo and their linked genes. Our data from the analysis of ∼50 sequences with high Tinman occupancy show that the majority of such sequences act as enhancers in various mesodermal tissues in which Tinman is active. All of the dorsal mesodermal and cardiac enhancers, but not some of the others, require tinman function. The cardiac enhancers feature diverse arrangements of binding motifs for Tinman, Pannier, and Dorsocross. By employing these cardiac and non-cardiac enhancers in machine learning approaches, we identify a novel motif, termed CEE, as a classifier for cardiac enhancers. In vivo assays for the requirement of the binding motifs of Tinman, Pannier, and Dorsocross, as well as the CEE motifs in a set of cardiac enhancers, show that the Tinman sites are essential in all but one of the tested enhancers; although on occasion they can be functionally redundant with Dorsocross sites. The enhancers differ widely with respect to their requirement for Pannier, Dorsocross, and CEE sites, which we ascribe to their different position in the regulatory circuitry, their distinct temporal and spatial activities during cardiogenesis, and functional redundancies among different factor binding sites.
The Effect of Exercise on Mental Health

Including exercise for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders is a promising area of research for exercise scientists since data indicate that many of these disorders are not treated at all, and there is a significant delay in treatment. This review provides an appraisal of the recent use of exercise to prevent and treat specific mental disorders and provides a recommended framework for future progress of this research. More research is needed to overcome methodological issues to demonstrate the efficacy and effectiveness of exercise and to integrate mental and physical healthcare for widespread dissemination.
Deciphering the role of Shh signaling in axial defects produced by ethanol exposure.

BACKGROUND The phenotype of embryos exposed to ethanol is complex and likely due to multiple alterations in developmental pathways. We have previously demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh-s) was reduced in both chicken and zebrafish embryos when exposed to ethanol. METHODS There are many tissues affected by embryonic ethanol exposure, and in this article we explore the development of axial tissues, using zebrafish embryos. We then compare these effects to the phenotypes produced by exposure to two drugs that also inhibit Shh-s: cyclopamine and forskolin. RESULTS We found alterations in the development of the notochord and somites produced by all three compounds, although only ethanol produced developmental delay of epiboly. Upon observation of early developing embryos, muscle pioneer cells were completely lost in cyclopamine-treated embryos, and reduced, but less so, in embryos treated with forskolin and ethanol. Ethanol treatment produced a dose-dependent reduction in total body length that may be linked to epiboly delay seen earlier during development. Despite the differences between cyclopamine and forskolin, we found that shh mRNA injection rescued the short body length, the alteration in somite shape, and the cyclopia produced by ethanol exposure. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, each teratogen produced a unique set of phenotypic changes in the body axis, suggesting that each compound affects Shh-s and also produces a distinctive set of molecular alterations. However, addition of exogenous Shh to ethanol treated zebrafish prevented many of the gross physical phenotypes, suggesting that the suppression of Shh-s is one of the major effects of ethanol exposure.
PKCγ-induced trafficking of AMPA receptors in embryonic zebrafish depends on NSF and PICK1

The trafficking of AMPA receptors (Rs) to and from synaptic membranes is a key component underlying synaptic plasticity mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), and is likely important for synaptic development in embryonic organisms. However, some of the key biochemical components required for receptor trafficking in embryos are still unknown. Here, we report that in embryonic zebrafish, the activation of PKCγ by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, strongly potentiates the amplitude of AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (AMPA-mEPSCs) via a N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) and protein interacting with C-kinase-1 (PICK1)-dependent process. We found that the mEPSC potentiation is DAG- and Ca2+-dependent, and occurs on application of active PKCγ. Peptides that prevent the association of NSF and PICK1 with the GluR2 subunit, and the actin-polymerization blocker, latrunculin B, prevented the increase in mEPSC amplitude. Also, application of tetanus toxin (TeTx), which cleaves SNARE proteins, also blocked the increase in mEPSC amplitude. Last, application of a 5 mM K+ medium led to an enhancement in mEPSC amplitude that was prevented by addition of the PKCγ and NSF-blocking peptides, and the NMDA receptor blocker, 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV). Thus, activation of PKCγ is necessary for the activity-dependent trafficking of AMPARs in embryonic zebrafish. This process is NMDA and SNARE-dependent and requires AMPARs to associate with both NSF and PICK1. The present data further our understanding of AMPAR trafficking, and have important implications for synaptic development and synaptic plasticity.
A20 Haploinsufficiency Aggravates Transplant Arteriosclerosis in Mouse Vascular Allografts: Implications for Clinical Transplantation

Background Inflammation is central to the pathogenesis of transplant arteriosclerosis (TA). We questioned whether physiologic levels of anti-inflammatory A20 influence TA severity. Methods We performed major histocompatibility complex mismatched aorta to carotid artery interposition grafts, using wild type (WT) or A20 heterozygote (HET) C57BL/6 (H-2b) donors and BALB/c (H-2d) recipients, and conversely BALB/c donors and WT/HET recipients. We analyzed aortic allografts by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and gene profiling (quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). We validated select in vivo A20 targets in human and mouse smooth muscle cell (SMC) cultures. Results We noted significantly greater intimal hyperplasia in HET versus WT allografts, indicating aggravated TA. Inadequate upregulation of A20 in HET allografts after transplantation was associated with excessive NF-кB activation, gauged by higher levels of IkB&agr;, p65, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, CXCL10, CCL2, TNF, and IL-6 (mostly localized to SMC). Correspondingly, cytokine-induced upregulation of TNF and IL-6 in human and mouse SMC cultures inversely correlated with A20 expression. Aggravated TA in HET versus WT allografts correlated with increased intimal SMC proliferation, and a higher number of infiltrating IFN&ggr;+ and Granzyme B+ CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells, and lower number of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. A20 haploinsufficiency in allograft recipients did not influence TA. Conclusions A20 haploinsufficiency in vascular allografts aggravates lesions of TA by exacerbating inflammation, SMC proliferation, and infiltration of pathogenic T cells. A20 single nucleotide polymorphisms associating with lower A20 expression or function in donors of vascularized allografts may inform risk and severity of TA, highlighting the clinical implications of our findings.
A New Pathway for Heavy Metal Detoxification in Animals

Increasing emissions of heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, and arsenic into the environment pose an acute problem for all organisms. Considerations of the biochemical basis of heavy metal detoxification in animals have focused exclusively on two classes of peptides, the thiol tripeptide, glutathione (GSH, γ-Glu-Cys-Gly), and a diverse family of cysteine-rich low molecular weight proteins, the metallothioneins. Plants and some fungi, however, not only deploy GSH and metallothioneins for metal detoxification but also synthesize another class of heavy metal binding peptides termed phytochelatins (PCs) from GSH. Here we show that PC-mediated heavy metal detoxification is not restricted to plants and some fungi but extends to animals by demonstrating that thece-pcs-1 gene of the nematode wormCaenorhabditis elegans encodes a functional PC synthase whose activity is critical for heavy metal tolerance in the intact organism.
Distributed fault estimation basing on a united adaptive and sliding-mode observer for multi-agent systems

In this technical note, under the undirected communication topology, a united adaptive and sliding-mode observer is designed to detect and estimate the actuator faults with the use of a linear matrix inequality (LMI) for multi-agent systems. Firstly, for each agent, the system is decoupled into two subsystems through matrix transformation so that the faults are isolated from disturbances. On the one hand, the adaptive observer is designed to estimate the faults for the subsystem without disturbances. On the other hand, the sliding-mode observer is put forward for the subsystem with disturbances to guarantee the robustness against the disturbances. Then, from an overall perspective, the whole error dynamics is obtained by defining global error vectors. Furthermore, the proposed design can be represented with LMIs to establish a systematic design procedure and can be proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design technique.
Estimation of Doubly Selective MIMO Channels Using Superimposed Training and Turbo Equalization

We propose superimposed training in conjunction with space time turbo equalization for communication over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless links in doubly selective environments. The iterations of the turbo algorithm provide the flexibility to reincorporate data energy along with the pilot energy into channel estimation so that simultaneous data transmission actually aids in channel estimation rather than interfering with it. We demonstrate the iterative method has the ability to improve the BER performance significantly over a comparable non iterative scheme.
Real-time hand shape classification using scale invariant curvature feature vector

Hand shape classification is an important problem for the human computer interaction and the finger-spelling recognition. For this matter, what is needed is a real-time processing and scale invariance. To this end, we propose a feature vector for hand shape classification, which is fast, and robust to scale. The proposed method calculates an adaptive k-curvature which computes a curvature depending on hand size. The proposed method works at 0.1sec and has a 99% accuracy.
Selecting failure countermeasures through Decision Network analysis

We propose a framework for the selection of failure countermeasures and repair actions, based on Decision Networks (DN). We show, through specific examples, that standard probabilistic inference on DN can be used to compute system reliability, component importance measures, as well as to select the best (in terms of Maximum Expected Utility) set of failure countermeasures to activate. Finally, by exploiting the DN formalism, both modeling and analysis capabilities are improved with respect to standard combinatorial models, without resorting to the complexity of global state-space models.
Accuracy of image fusion using a fixation device for whole-body cancer imaging.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of a simple image fusion technique with PET and CT images acquired separately using a vacuum cushion as a fixation device. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Forty-four patients underwent whole-body PET using 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) followed by CT with IV contrast material. The patients were carefully fixed in an individually molded cushion to provide the same positioning for both examinations. The PET and CT images were fused on a workstation by using the lower margin of the urinary bladder as a reference. The degree of misregistration was evaluated for the physiologic uptake of the liver and kidneys and for the pathologic uptake of lesions. RESULTS The average deviation of the center point of the liver between the two images was 6.6 +/- 8.7 (SD) mm in the craniocaudal direction, 1.9 +/- 5.1 mm in the anteroposterior direction, and 2.3 +/- 7.0 mm in the right-left direction. This value in the craniocaudal direction was 4.7 +/- 8.7 mm in the right kidney and 4.0 +/- 8.8 mm in the left kidney. Above the diaphragm, the deviations of the center point of movable and static lesions were 11.7 +/- 3.4 mm and 10.4 +/- 5.3 mm, respectively. Below the diaphragm, those of movable and static lesions were 9.7 +/- 2.5 mm and 6.9 +/- 2.9 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that this technique is a simple and practical method for manual image fusion that may be acceptable in clinical settings.
Co-occurrence of subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head and contralateral femoral neck fracture in a rheumatic patient receiving steroid treatment

We describe a 79-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who suffered from subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (SIF) and contralateral femoral neck fracture. Radiographs obtained two months after the onset of thigh pain showed collapse of the right femoral head and contralateral femoral neck fracture. MRI revealed a subchondral serpiginous low-intensity band in the right femoral head on the T2-weighted image. This case report suggests that SIF should be considered in the differential diagnoses of rheumatic patients who suffer from thigh pain without antecedent trauma.
Motion of a single hole in a quantum antiferromagnet at finite temperatures.

Motion of a single hole is studied at finite temperatures in the [ital t]-[ital J] model on a slave-fermion Schwinger-boson representation. The spin fluctuation is treated with the mean-field theory of Arovas and Auerbach. The Green's function for the slave fermion is calculated within the self-consistent Born approximation. A sharp quasiparticle peak is found to be separated from a broad spectrum of incoherence in the spectral function for low temperatures. The Green's function for the physical hole is calculated by taking account of the multiple scattering between the slave fermion and the Schwinger boson. A bound state of the slave fermion and the Schwinger boson is found at low temperatures, suggesting that the spin and the charge cannot be separated into a simple form. The energy of the bound state is minimized at momenta ([plus minus][pi]/2, [plus minus][pi]/2), indicating that a small pocketlike Fermi surface is formed around the momenta for low concentrations of dopant holes.
Speech audiometry: taped vs live voice.

THE PURPOSE of this study was to establish the reliability of live monitored voice speech audiometry and taped recorded speech audiometry. Rigid controls were used throughout the study, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis. The advantages and disadvantages of live voice speech audiometry and recorded speech audiometry have thus far not been conclusively investigated. Investigators such as Palmer, Carhart, and Hirsh have reported upon some of the variables encountered in administering live monitored speech audiometry. 1-4 Recently, with the introduction of commercially available prerecorded magnetic tape speech audiometry, the usual questions of stability of the two methods have arisen again. 5 Speech audiometry has become increasingly important in the differential diagnosis of inner ear problems and in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of surgical cases. Until recently, speech audiometry was delivered either by live monitored voice or by means of acetate recordings. Recently, magnetic tape recordings of speech
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Solving Bilevel Programming Problems Using Duality Conditions

Bilevel programming is characterized by two optimization problems located at different levels, in which the constraint region of the upper level problem is implicitly determined by the lower level problem. This paper is focused on a class of bilevel programming with a linear lower level problem and presents a new algorithm for solving this kind of problems by combining an evolutionary algorithm with the duality principle. First, by using the prime-dual conditions of the lower level problem, the original problem is transformed into a single-level nonlinear programming problem. In addition, for the dual problem of the lower level, the feasible bases are taken as individuals in population. For each individual, the values of dual variables can be obtained by taking the dual problem into account, thus simplifying the single-level problem. Finally, the simplified problem is solved, and the objective value is taken as the fitness of the individual. Besides, when nonconvex functions are involved in the upper level, a coevolutionary scheme is incorporated to obtain global optima. In the computational experiment, 10 problems, smaller or larger-scale, are solved, and the results show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust.