Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of input phase mismatch in Doherty power amplifiers

In this paper, a new method is proposed to calculate transconductance ratio of the main and the peaking transistor of a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) which employs output matching circuits and offset lines. Cascade ABCD two-port parameters are used to analyze output section of the DPA. It is shown that output matching circuits has impact on the magnitude and the phase of the transconduction ratio. The effect of the input phase mismatch on the output power and efficiency is analyzed analytically. A 100W dual drive Gallium Nitride (GaN) Doherty power amplifier is realized to experimentally verify the results. The drain efficiency measured as 68% at the correct phase, 65% for 30° input phase mismatch and 56% for 45° input phase mismatch.
Effect of incubation on the resolution of Tip-of-the-Tongue states and the relation with attention and concentration

This study replicates Choi and Smith (2005) and Masselink (2012) and takes a closer look at the effect of incubation and tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) strength on the resolution of these “TOTs”. In other words, is it better to try to find the correct target word after an incubation period, or is it better to stay persistent and keep trying? Thirty participants were asked general knowledge questions. All questions were repeated, some immediately and some after an incubation period. Participant had to respond to each question not knowing the answer, knowing the answer or experiencing a TOT. If a TOT was experienced, the strength of the TOT had to be reported on a scale of 1-4, ranging from weak to very strong. In addition, the relation between attention and concentration and TOT resolution or TOT incidence was explored. The results replicated Choi and Smith (2005) and Masselink (2012), stating that there is a clear effect of incubation and TOT state. The resolution rate was higher for initially unsolved items that were retested after an incubation period. Results also showed that TOTs are more likely to be resolved than non-TOTs and stronger TOTs are more likely to be resolved than weaker TOTs. No relation was found between attention and concentration and TOT resolution or TOT incidence.
MDCube: a high performance network structure for modular data center interconnection

Shipping-container-based data centers have been introduced as building blocks for constructing mega-data centers. However, it is a challenge on how to interconnect those containers together with reasonable cost and cabling complexity, due to the fact that a mega-data center can have hundreds or even thousands of containers and the aggregate bandwidth among containers can easily reach tera-bit per second. As a new inner-container server-centric network architecture, BCube [9] interconnects thousands of servers inside a container and provides high bandwidth support for typical traffic patterns. It naturally serves as a building block for mega-data center. In this paper, we propose MDCube, a high performance interconnection structure to scale BCube-based containers to mega-data centers. MDCube uses the high-speed uplink interfaces of the commodity switches in BCube containers to build the inter-container structure, reducing the cabling complexity greatly. MDCube puts its inter- and inner-container routing intelligences solely into servers to handle load-balance and fault-tolerance, thus directly leverages commodity instead of high-end switches to scale. Through analysis, we prove that MDCube has low diameter and high capacity. Both simulations and experiments in our testbed demonstrate the fault-tolerance and high network capacity of MDCube.
Trend Analysis for Large Document Streams

More and more powerful computer technology inspires people to investigate information hidden under huge amounts of documents. In this report, we are especially interested in documents with relative time order, which we also call document streams. Examples include TV news, forums, emails of company projects, call center telephone logs, etc. To get an insight into these document streams, first we need to detect the events among the document streams. We use a time-sensitive Dirichlet process mixture model to find the events in the document streams. A time sensitive Dirichlet process mixture model is a generative model, which allows a potentially infinite number of mixture components and uses a Dirichlet compound multinomial model to model the distribution of words in documents. In this report, we consider three different time sensitive Dirichlet process mixture models: an exponential decay kernel model, a polynomial decay function kernel Dirichlet process model and a sliding window kernel model. Experiments on the TDT2 dataset have shown that the time sensitive models perform 18-20% better in terms of accuracy than the Dirichlet process mixture model. The sliding windows kernel and the polynomial kernel are more promising in detecting events. We use ThemeRiver to provide a visualization of the events along the time axis. With the help of ThemeRiver, people can easily get an overall picture of how different events evolve. Besides ThemeRiver, we investigate using top words as a high-level summarization of each event. Experiment results on TDT2 dataset suggests that the sliding window kernel is a better choice both in terms of capturing the trend of the events and expressibility
Influence of Blended Cements with Calcareous Fly Ash on Chloride Ion Migration and Carbonation Resistance of Concrete for Durable Structures

The objective of this paper is to examine the possible use of new blended cements containing calcareous fly ash in structural concrete, potentially adequate for structural elements of nuclear power plants. The investigation included five new cements made with different contents of non-clinker constituents: calcareous fly ash, siliceous fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, and a reference cement—ordinary Portland cement. The influence of innovative cements on the resistance of concrete to chloride and carbonation exposure was studied. Additionally, an evaluation of the microstructure was performed using optical microscopy on concrete thin sections. Test results revealed a substantial improvement of the resistance to chloride ion penetration into concrete containing blended cements. The resistance was higher for increased clinker replacement levels and increased with curing time. However, concrete made with blended cements exhibited higher depth of carbonation than the Portland cement concrete, except the Portland-fly ash cement with 14.3% of calcareous fly ash. The thin sections analysis confirmed the values of the carbonation depth obtained from the phenolphthalein test. Test results indicate the possible range of application for new cements containing calcareous fly ash.
Hyperploidy induced by drugs that inhibit formation of microtubule promotes chromosome instability

Background: Antimicrotubule drugs (AMDs), such as taxol and vincristine, are the most important addition to the chemotherapeutic armamentarium against human cancers. It has been shown that prolonged AMD treatment induces hyperploidy in G1‐checkpoint‐defective cancer cells and that these hyperploid cells subsequently undergo apoptosis. However, a fraction of these hyperploid cells are able to survive the prolonged mitotic stress and resume cell‐cycle progression.
Materialized Views in Probabilistic Databases for Information Exchange and Query Optimization

Views over probabilistic data contain correlations between tuples, and the current approach is to capture these correlations using explicit lineage. In this paper we propose an alternative approach to materializing probabilistic views, by giving conditions under which a view can be represented by a block-independent disjoint (BID) table. Not all views can be represented as BID tables and so we propose a novel partial representation that can represent all views but may not define a unique probability distribution. We then give conditions on when a query's value on a partial representation will be uniquely defined. We apply our theory to two applications: query processing using views and information exchange using views. In query processing on probabilistic data, we can ignore the lineage and use materialized views to more efficiently answer queries. By contrast, if the view has explicit lineage, the query evaluation must reprocess the lineage to compute the query resulting in dramatically slower execution. The second application is information exchange when we do not wish to disclose the entire lineage, which otherwise may result in shipping the entire database. The paper contains several theoretical results that completely solve the problem of deciding whether a conjunctive view can be represented as a BID and whether a query on a partial representation is uniquely determined. We validate our approach experimentally showing that representable views exist in real and synthetic workloads and show over three magnitudes of improvement in query processing versus a lineage based approach.
Cluster Analysis In Cross-Cultural Research

One traditional way to reduce the dimensionality of the data is to use some variant of principle component analysis, a technique that permits us to determine which traits are related. Nevertheless, if we wish to determine which societies are the most similar or different using the results of the derived principle components, difficulties begin to arise because, according to one factor, two societies may be very different while, according to another factor, they may be quite similar. Other analytic problems arise because the results may depend upon whether we employ a standard principle component analysis, where, in effect, each factor is removed before the next factor is derived (thus deriving orthogonal factors) or some type of varimax technique in which the factors may be related.
Association between childhood obesity and dental caries.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate dental caries and body mass index (BMI percentile) in pediatric dental patients. METHODS A 3-year retrospective review of patient records included all 6- to 9-year-olds seen for a new patient examination who had at least 1 recall examination. Decayed permanent teeth (DT) and primary teeth (dt), plaque score, gingival score, height, and weight were recorded at the initial examination and each recall visit. BMI percentile was categorized into underweight/healthy weight (UH), overweight (OW), and obese (OB). RESULTS A total of 230 subjects were seen for the initial examination: approximately 13% were OB, 15% were OW, and 72% were UH, while approximately 12% had permanent caries and 46% had primary caries. The presence of caries in permanent teeth at the initial exam was not significantly different between BMI groups (P=.41). OW and OB children had less primary tooth caries than UH children. (P=.04) The presence of new carious lesions at recall exams in primary teeth (P=.35) and permanent teeth (P=.96) was not significantly different between BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS A smaller proportion of obese and overweight children initially presented with primary tooth caries than underweight/healthy weight children.
Pulse Increase of Soil N2O Emission in Response to N Addition in a Temperate Forest on Mt Changbai, Northeast China

Nitrogen (N) deposition has increased significantly globally since the industrial revolution. Previous studies on the response of gaseous emissions to N deposition have shown controversial results, pointing to the system-specific effect of N addition. Here we conducted an N addition experiment in a temperate natural forest in northeastern China to test how potential changes in N deposition alter soil N2O emission and its sources from nitrification and denitrification. Soil N2O emission was measured using closed chamber method and a separate incubation experiment using acetylene inhibition method was carried out to determine denitrification fluxes and the contribution of nitrification and denitrification to N2O emissions between Jul. and Oct. 2012. An NH4NO3 addition of 50 kg N/ha/yr significantly increased N2O and N2 emissions, but their “pulse emission” induced by N addition only lasted for two weeks. Mean nitrification-derived N2O to denitrification-derived N2O ratio was 0.56 in control plots, indicating higher contribution of denitrification to N2O emissions in the study area, and this ratio was not influenced by N addition. The N2O to (N2+N2O) ratio was 0.41–0.55 in control plots and was reduced by N addition at one sampling time point. Based on this short term experiment, we propose that N2O and denitrification rate might increase with increasing N deposition at least by the same fold in the future, which would deteriorate global warming problems.
The Biosynthesis of d-Galacturonate in Plants. Functional Cloning and Characterization of a Membrane-Anchored UDP-d-Glucuronate 4-Epimerase from Arabidopsis1

Pectic cell wall polysaccharides owe their high negative charge to the presence of d-galacturonate, a monosaccharide that appears to be present only in plants and some prokaryotes. UDP-d-galacturonate, the activated form of this sugar, is known to be formed by the 4-epimerization of UDP-d-glucuronate; however, no coding regions for the epimerase catalyzing this reaction have previously been described in plants. To better understand the mechanisms by which precursors for pectin synthesis are produced, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify and functionally express a UDP-d-glucuronate 4-epimerase (GAE1) from Arabidopsis. GAE1 is predicted to be a type II membrane protein that belongs to the family of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases. The recombinant enzyme expressed in Pichia pastoris established a 1.3:1 equilibrium between UDP-d-galacturonate and UDP-d-glucuronate but did not epimerize UDP-d-Glc or UDP-d-Xyl. Enzyme assays on cell extracts localized total UDP-d-glucuronate 4-epimerase and recombinant GAE1 activity exclusively to the microsomal fractions of Arabidopsis and Pichia, respectively. GAE1 had a pH optimum of 7.6 and an apparent Km of 0.19 mm. The recombinant enzyme was strongly inhibited by UDP-d-Xyl but not by UDP, UDP-d-Glc, or UDP-d-Gal. Analysis of Arabidopsis plants transformed with a GAE1:GUS construct showed expression in all tissues. The Arabidopsis genome contains five GAE1 paralogs, all of which are transcribed and predicted to contain a membrane anchor. This suggests that all of these enzymes are targeted to an endomembrane system such as the Golgi where they may provide UDP-d-galacturonate to glycosyltransferases in pectin synthesis.
The MDS queue: Analysing the latency performance of erasure codes

In order to scale economically, data centers are increasingly evolving their data storage methods from the use of simple data replication to the use of more powerful erasure codes, which provide the same level of reliability as replication but at a significantly lower storage cost. In particular, it is well known that Maximum-Distance-Separable (MDS) codes, such as Reed-Solomon codes, provide the maximum storage efficiency. While the use of codes for providing improved reliability in archival storage systems, where data is less frequently accessed (or so-called “cold data”), is well understood, the role of codes in the storage of more frequently accessed and active “hot data”, where latency is the key metric, is less clear. In this paper, we study data storage systems based on MDS codes through the lens of queueing theory, and term the queueing system arising under codes as an “MDS queue. ” We present insightful scheduling policies that form upper and lower bounds to its performance, and use these to obtain easily computable analytical bounds on the average latency of the MDS queue. These bounds were observed to be quite tight in the settings we simulated. We additionally derive closed-form expressions of the throughputs of these systems. Finally, we employ the framework of the MDS queue to analyse different methods of performing so-called degraded reads (reading of partial data) in distributed data storage.
Data-Driven Model Evaluation: A Test for Revealed Performance

When comparing two competing approximate models using a particular loss function, the one having smallest `expected true error' for that loss function is expected to lie closest to the underlying data generating process (DGP) given this loss function and is therefore to be preferred. In this chapter we consider a data-driven method for testing whether or not two competing approximate models are equivalent in terms of their expected true error (i.e., their expected performance on unseen data drawn from the same DGP). The proposed test is quite flexible with regards to the types of models that can be compared (i.e., nested versus non-nested, parametric versus nonparametric) and is applicable in cross-sectional and time-series settings. Moreover, in time-series settings our method overcomes two of the drawbacks associated with dominant approaches, namely, their reliance on only one split of the data and the need to have a sufficiently large `hold-out' sample for these tests to possess adequate power.
Enhanced Expression, Native Purification, and Characterization of CCR5, a Principal HIV-1 Coreceptor*

Seven-transmembrane segment, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in many biological processes in which pharmaceutical intervention may be useful. High level expression and native purification of GPCRs are important steps in the biochemical and structural characterization of these molecules. Here, we describe enhanced mammalian cell expression and purification of a codon-optimized variant of the chemokine receptor CCR5, a GPCR that plays a central role in the entry of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) into immune cells. CCR5 could be solubilized in its native state as determined by its ability to be precipitated by 2D7, a conformation-dependent anti-CCR5 antibody, and by the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein. The 2D7 antibody recognized immature and mature forms of CCR5 equally, whereas gp120 preferentially recognized the mature form, a result that underscores a role for posttranslational modification of CCR5 in its HIV-1 coreceptor function. The methods described herein contribute to the analysis of CCR5 and are likely to be applicable to many other GPCRs.
Interactive Information Extraction with Constrained Conditional Random Fields

Information Extraction methods can be used to automatically "fill-in" database forms from unstructured data such as Web documents or email. State-of-the-art methods have achieved low error rates but invariably make a number of errors. The goal of an interactive information extraction system is to assist the user in filling in database fields while giving the user confidence in the integrity of the data. The user is presented with an interactive interface that allows both the rapid verification of automatic field assignments and the correction of errors. In cases where there are multiple errors, our system takes into account user corrections, and immediately propagates these constraints such that other fields are often corrected automatically. Linear-chain conditional random fields (CRFs) have been shown to perform well for information extraction and other language modelling tasks due to their ability to capture arbitrary, overlapping features of the input in a Markov model. We apply this framework with two extensions: a constrained Viterbi decoding which finds the optimal field assignments consistent with the fields explicitly specified or corrected by the user; and a mechanism for estimating the confidence of each extracted field, so that low-confidence extractions can be highlighted. Both of these mechanisms are incorporated in a novel user interface for form filling that is intuitive and speeds the entry of data--providing a 23% reduction in error due to automated corrections.
Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network is a self configured network being composed of a large number of sensors. Due to the fact that sensors in the wireless sensor network are powered with battery and it is difficult to replace and/or recharge their batteries, energy efficient routing is the major concern in the field of wireless sensor network to enhance the lifetime of the network. Consequently, Numbers of routing techniques have been proposed for wireless sensor network to make longer life time and low energy consumption. Mainly these are sorted into three categories such as Flat and data centric routing, Hierarchical routing, Location based routing. This paper presents a review of some major work in area of flat and data centric routing technique and hierarchical routing technique for WSNs. This article also compares the characteristics and performance issues of different routing protocols. General Terms Routing Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks
Contrasting patterns of genome‐wide polymorphism in the native and invasive range of the marine mollusc Crepidula fornicata

Selection processes are believed to be an important evolutionary driver behind the successful establishment of nonindigenous species, for instance through adaptation for invasiveness (e.g. dispersal mechanisms and reproductive allocation). However, evidence supporting this assumption is still scarce. Genome scans have often identified loci with atypical patterns of genetic differentiation (i.e. outliers) indicative of selection processes. Using microsatellite‐ and AFLP‐based genome scans, we looked for evidence of selection following the introduction of the mollusc Crepidula fornicata. Native to the northwestern Atlantic, this gastropod has become an emblematic invader since its introduction during the 19th and 20th centuries in the northeastern Atlantic and northeastern Pacific. We examined 683 individuals from seven native and 15 introduced populations spanning the latitudinal introduction and native ranges of the species. Our results confirmed the previously documented high genetic diversity in native and introduced populations with little genetic structure between the two ranges, a pattern typical of marine invaders. Analysing 344 loci, no outliers were detected between the introduced and native populations or in the introduced range. The genomic sampling may have been insufficient to reveal selection especially if it acts on traits determined by a few genes. Eight outliers were, however, identified within the native range, underlining a genetic singularity congruent with a well‐known biogeographical break along the Florida. Our results call into question the relevance of AFLP genome scans in detecting adaptation on the timescale of biological invasions: genome scans often reveal long‐term adaptation involving numerous genes throughout the genome but seem less effective in detecting recent adaptation from pre‐existing variation on polygenic traits. This study advocates other methods to detect selection effects during biological invasions—for example on phenotypic traits, although genome scans may remain useful for elucidating introduction histories.