Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Face and Voice as Social Stimuli Enhance Differential Physiological Responding in a Concealed Information Test

Attentional, intentional, and motivational factors are known to influence the physiological responses in a Concealed Information Test (CIT). Although concealing information is essentially a social action closely related to motivation, CIT studies typically rely on testing participants in an environment lacking of social stimuli: subjects interact with a computer while sitting alone in an experimental room. To address this gap, we examined the influence of social stimuli on the physiological responses in a CIT. Seventy-one participants underwent a mock-crime experiment with a modified CIT. In a between-subjects design, subjects were either questioned acoustically by a pre-recorded male voice presented together with a virtual male experimenter’s uniform face or by a text field on the screen, which displayed the question devoid of face and voice. Electrodermal activity (EDA), respiration line length (RLL), phasic heart rate (pHR), and finger pulse waveform length (FPWL) were registered. The Psychopathic Personality Inventory – Revised (PPI-R) was administered in addition. The differential responses of RLL, pHR, and FPWL to probe vs. irrelevant items were greater in the condition with social stimuli than in the text condition; interestingly, the differential responses of EDA did not differ between conditions. No modulatory influence of the PPI-R sum or subscale scores was found. The results emphasize the relevance of social aspects in the process of concealing information and in its detection. Attentional demands as well as the participants’ motivation to avoid detection might be the important links between social stimuli and physiological responses in the CIT.
Serine Lipids of Porphyromonas gingivalis Are Human and Mouse Toll-Like Receptor 2 Ligands

ABSTRACT The total cellular lipids of Porphyromas gingivalis, a known periodontal pathogen, were previously shown to promote dendritic cell activation and inhibition of osteoblasts through engagement of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The purpose of the present investigation was to fractionate all lipids of P. gingivalis and define which lipid classes account for the TLR2 engagement, based on both in vitro human cell assays and in vivo studies in mice. Specific serine-containing lipids of P. gingivalis, called lipid 654 and lipid 430, were identified in specific high-performance liquid chromatography fractions as the TLR2-activating lipids. The structures of these lipids were defined using tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance methods. In vitro, both lipid 654 and lipid 430 activated TLR2-expressing HEK cells, and this activation was inhibited by anti-TLR2 antibody. In contrast, TLR4-expressing HEK cells failed to be activated by either lipid 654 or lipid 430. Wild-type (WT) or TLR2-deficient (TLR2−/−) mice were injected with either lipid 654 or lipid 430, and the effects on serum levels of the chemokine CCL2 were measured 4 h later. Administration of either lipid 654 or lipid 430 to WT mice resulted in a significant increase in serum CCL2 levels; in contrast, the administration of lipid 654 or lipid 430 to TLR2−/− mice resulted in no increase in serum CCL2. These results thus identify a new class of TLR2 ligands that are produced by P. gingivalis that likely play a significant role in mediating inflammatory responses both at periodontal sites and, potentially, in other tissues where these lipids might accumulate.
An economic history of Sweden

Abstract A couple of generations ago English economists were hardly on speaking terms with economic historians. No one expected either to answer questions asked by the other; and an introductory history (such as Ashley's tour de force, The Economic Organisation of England) could be written almost without reference to theory. If today economists and economic historians sometimes take counsel of each other this is not, in any large measure, due to a change in the attitude of the economists. It is true that these are more concerned than their predecessors with problems of growth, and that the element of time now enters into their equations. But the ‘time’ of the theorists is not historical time, and, as Heckscher observes, recent disquisitions on economic growth tend to be even more abstract than the earlier equilibrium studies. The rapprochement has come mainly from a shift of ground by the historians, and by far the greatest influence has been that of Heckscher himself. No better account can be found of th.
Private Information in Executive Stock Option Trades: Evidence of Insider Trading in the UK

UK executives' stock option exercises and associated sell decisions are motivated by private, inside, information. Executives use their inside information to lock in short-term gains, and to sell stock acquired prior to negative abnormal stock returns. This informed trading is robust to the alternative factors that might motivate the exercise of executive stock options, including option moneyness and value of exercise. We suggest that the disparity in informed trading between US and UK executives' option trades is related to important differences in the proportion of executive remuneration linked to options, the regulation of options, and the taxation of option gains.
Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for the treatment of stress and urge incontinence in womenResults of 1‐year follow‐up

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal magnetic stimulation for the treatment of stress and urge urinary incontinence in women. Material and Methods: A total of 35 patients with stress incontinence and 17 with urge incontinence were enrolled in this study. All patients were evaluated by means of a detailed history of incontinence, a gynecologic examination, urine culture, urinary system ultrasound and a urodynamic study. All patients were asked to keep a 3‐day voiding diary. A pad‐weighing test was done for each patient at their first visit. For treatment, the patients were seated on a special chair containing a magnetic field generator. Pelvic floor muscle stimulation was performed for 20 min (10 min at 5 Hz and 10 min at 50 Hz) twice a week for a total of 8 weeks. The mean follow‐up period was 16.8 months (range 12–32 months). A total of 44 patients completed 1 year of follow‐up and were re‐evaluated by means of voiding diary, pad‐weighing test and cystometric study. Results: Of the 44 patients, 11 (38%) with stress incontinence and 6 (40%) with urge incontinence were cured 1 year after the treatment. In addition, there was an improvement in symptoms in 12 patients (41%) in the stress group and 7 (47%) in the urge group. Pad weight was reduced from 15.4 to 5.8 g in the stress group and from 12.4 to 4.7 g in the urge group (p = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively). Mean Valsalva leak point pressure was increased from 87.3 ± 15.9 to 118.0 ± 11.0 cmH 2 O in the stress group (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Extracorporeal magnetic stimulation therapy offers a non‐invasive, effective and painless treatment for stress and urge incontinence in women.
Semantic Tag-based Profile Framework for Social Tagging Systems

Social tags have recently become popular for use as keywords for searching and annotating Web resources. The main limitation of using social tags is the focus on the keyword and human interpretability rather than on semantics and computer interpretability. Hence, although social tags are useful for information sharing and organizing, they lack the semantic metadata needed for the reasoning and inference functions that facilitate a personalized Web resource search. This study addresses this issue by defining a Semantic Tag-based Profile Framework (STPF) for integrating ontology technologies into user profiles and Web resource annotations. The proposed STPF is applied in a novel algorithm for automatically generating user profiles by combining the traditional term frequency scheme and the semantic technology. A Semantic Tag-based User Profile Platform (STUPP) based on the proposed STPF and algorithm is also used as a broker for personalized Web resource searches made for individual needs. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has higher precision and recall than the traditional term frequency scheme.
Validation of the Hebrew and Arabic Versions of the Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45).

BACKGROUND Measuring the progress of mental health treatment aids in assessment and monitoring of psychotherapeutic outcomes. The OQ-45 is a widely accepted measure of such outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate the Hebrew and Arabic versions of the OQ-45. METHOD Data were collected from three samples: non patient university students (n=189), university mental health clinic patients (n=37), and outpatient mental health clinic patients (n=135). Subjects completed the OQ-45 as well as the BSI and PHQ-9 questionnaires. RESULTS Test-retest and internal reliability, and concurrent and discriminative validity of both OQ-45 versions were satisfactory. Sensitivity of the Hebrew and Arabic versions was 0.70 and 0.80, respectively, and the specificity was 0.69and 0.93, respectively. Sensitivity-to-change was noted only for the Symptom Distress (SD) subscale. LIMITATIONS Sensitivity-to-change was not demonstrated for the total OQ-45, possibly due to a too-short follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Adequate psychometric properties of the Hebrew and Arabic OQ-45 suggest that they can serve as useful measures of mental health treatment in Israel.Further research is necessary to confirm norms, cut-off scores and sensitivity-to-change using a larger representative population and diverse types of treatment over a longer period of time.
Previously Unrecognized Amino Acid Substitutions in the Hemagglutinin and Fusion Proteins of Measles Virus Modulate Cell-Cell Fusion, Hemadsorption, Virus Growth, and Penetration Rate

ABSTRACT Wild-type measles virus (MV) isolated in B95a cells could be adapted to Vero cells after several blind passages. In this study, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the genomes of the wild type (T11wild) and its Vero cell-adapted (T11Ve-23) MV strain and identified amino acid substitutions R516G, E271K, D439E and G464W (D439E/G464W), N481Y/H495R, and Y187H/L204F in the nucleocapsid, V, fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), and large proteins, respectively. Expression of mutated H and F proteins from cDNA revealed that the H495R substitution, in addition to N481Y, in the H protein was necessary for the wild-type H protein to use CD46 efficiently as a receptor and that the G464W substitution in the F protein was important for enhanced cell-cell fusion. Recombinant wild-type MV strains harboring the F protein with the mutations D439E/G464W [F(D439E/G464W)] and/or H(N481Y/H495R) protein revealed that both mutated F and H proteins were required for efficient syncytium formation and virus growth in Vero cells. Interestingly, a recombinant wild-type MV strain harboring the H(N481Y/H495R) protein penetrated slowly into Vero cells, while a recombinant wild-type MV strain harboring both the F(D439E/G464W) and H(N481Y/H495R) proteins penetrated efficiently into Vero cells, indicating that the F(D439E/G464W) protein compensates for the inefficient penetration of a wild-type MV strain harboring the H(N481Y/H495R) protein. Thus, the F and H proteins synergistically function to ensure efficient wild-type MV growth in Vero cells.
Lessons from a Comparison of U.S. and U.K. Insolvency Codes

The paper describes two insolvency codes, those of the United Kingdom and the United States, and appraises their efficiency using five criteria, including (1) premature and deferred liquidation, (2) adherence to the terms of the debt contract, (3) direct costs of insolvency, (4) over or under investment, (5) other stakeholders interests. The principles underlying the two systems differ in some fundamental respects. The main objective of Chapter 11 of the 1978 U.S. Bankruptcy Code is to maintain the business as a going concern, even if that reduces the proceeds available to creditors. As a result, the code has been deliberately designed to be highly debtor-oriented. In contrast, the main objective of the U.K. Code is the repayment of creditors' claims. As a result, the U.K. has had, at least prior to 1986, a highly debtor-oriented code. The paper examines the main features of each code which give rise to these assertions. Copyright 1992 by Oxford University Press.
The R.A.F. Near-point Rule *

IT HAS been stated that 66 per cent. of all cases of uniocular visual loss in young adult men is due to amblyopia (Duke-Elder, 1949). Under the present conditions of National Service, many men with amblyopic eyes are called up each year. In the ordinary routine of civilian life, the risk of ocular inefficiency is small, but under service conditions, particularly those encountered overseas, the recruit with an amblyopic eye often presents an embarrassing problem to the unit medical officer. In the desert war of the 1940s a number of men reported sick complaining of deterioration of vision. In many cases their medical documents were not available, and, confronted with the story that the glare of the sun had "ruined their eyesight" and finding that the visual acuity in one eye was indeed poor, the medical officer would send these men back to the base with a diagnosis of "eclipse" blindness, optic neuritis, or merely defective visual acuity. Often these cases proved to be nothing more serious than amblyopia exanopsia. Nevertheless they constituted a charge on public funds, and in consequence an endeavour is now being made to provide enough information for the suitable employment of men with amblyopia should they sustain an injury to or an infection in their better eye. Regarding technicians and office workers there appeared to be two questions which called for an answer. First, in the case of amblyopia, what correlation, if any, exists between the visual acuity for distance and that needed for reading. Secondly, how can the ability to carry out routine clerical duties be measured and recorded. The R.A. F. near-point rule has been devised, not only to provide the answer to these questions but also to carry out the routine measurement of convergence power, and uniocular and binocular accommodation. The instrument is made of metal and plastic; it is 50 cm. long and is marked on the top in centimetres, and on the two sides in dioptres and the corresponding age groups (Figure). On a metal slide is carried a quadrilateral which can be rotated to present on each of its four washable white plastic faces the following optical tests: (a) Reduced Snellen test type which subtends the same angle at the eye at 35 cm. as the test type subtends at 6 metres. (b) "Times Roman" type face recommended by the Faculty of Ophthalmologists (Law, 1951) presented in four lines: N.5, N.8, N.O0, and N.12.
The Two-step Biosynthesis of Cyclic Peptides from Linear Precursors in a Member of the Plant Family Caryophyllaceae Involves Cyclization by a Serine Protease-like Enzyme*

Background: In the Caryophyllaceae, cyclic peptides (CP) are biosynthesized from linear precursors via an unknown pathway. Results: Two protease-like enzymes are involved in precursor processing. Conclusion: A serine protease-like enzyme was recruited for the cyclization step in CP biosynthesis. Significance: This represents a very significant advance in our understanding of the mode and evolution of CP biosynthesis in plants. Caryophyllaceae-type cyclic peptides (CPs) of 5–12 proteinogenic amino acids occur in 10 plant families. In Saponaria vaccaria (Caryophyllaceae), they have been shown to be formed from linear peptide precursors derived from ribosomal translation. There is also evidence for such precursors in other members of the Caryophyllaceae, Rutaceae, and Linaceae families. The biosynthesis of CP in the developing seeds of S. vaccaria was investigated with respect to the enzymes involved in precursor processing. Through biochemical assays with seed extracts and synthetic peptides, an enzyme named oligopeptidase 1 (OLP1) was found that catalyzes the cleavage of intermediates at the N terminus of the incipient CP. A second enzyme, peptide cyclase 1 (PCY1), which was separated chromatographically from OLP1, was found to act on the product of OLP1, giving rise to a cyclic peptide and concomitant removal of a C-terminal flanking sequence. PCY1 was partially purified, and using the methods of proteomics, a full-length cDNA clone encoding an enzyme matching the properties of PCY1 was obtained. The substrate specificity of purified recombinant PCY1, believed to be the first cloned plant enzyme whose function is peptide cyclization, was tested with synthetic peptides. The results are discussed in the light of CP biosynthetic systems of other organisms.
Automated physical design: a combinatorial optimization approach

One of the most challenging tasks for the database administrator is physically designing the database (by selecting design features such as indexes, materialized views, and partitions) to attain optimal performance for a given workload. These features, however, impose storage and maintenance overhead on the database, thus requiring precise selection to balance the performance and the overhead. As the space of the design features is vast, and their interactions hard to quantify, the DBAs spend enormous amount of resources to identify the optimal set of features. The difficulty of the problem has lead to several physical design tools to automatically decide the design given the data and a representative workload. The state- of-the-art design tools rely on the query optimizer for comparing between physical design alternatives, and search for the optimal set of features. Although it provides an appropriate cost model for physical design, query optimization is a computationally expensive process. Other than affecting the performance of the design tools, the overhead of optimization also limits the physical design tools from searching the space thoroughly – forcing them to prune away the search space to find solutions within a reasonable time. So far it has been impossible to remove query optimization overhead without sacrificing cost estimation precision. Inaccuracies in query cost estimation are detrimental to the quality of physical design algorithms, as they increase the chances of "missing" good designs and consequently selecting sub-optimal ones. Precision loss and the resulting reduction in solution quality is particularly undesirable and it is the reason the query optimizer is used in the first place. In this thesis, we claim that for the physical design problem, the costs returned by the optimizer contain an intuitive mathematical model. By utilizing this model, the physical design problem can be converted to a compact convex optimization problem with integer variables and solved efficiently to attain near-optimal solutions using mature off-the-shelf solvers. This approach eliminates the tradeoff between query cost estimation accuracy and performance. We invoke the optimizer a small number of times, and then reuse the results of the invocation to create an accurate model. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model by finding near-optimal physical design for workloads containing thousands of queries and thousands of candidate design alternatives. In a more complex online workload scenario, we devise several algorithms with guaranteed competitive bounds for the physical design problem. The proposed online algorithms provide significant speedups while imposing reasonable overhead on the system. This thesis, demonstrates that optimizer—the most complex component of the DBMS–can be modeled in a restricted (yet important) domain. The same approach can be extended to other domains to build accurate and efficient models for the optimization problems, and optimal solutions can be searched in a principled manner.
Can You See Me On Performance of Wireless Fingerprinting in a Cyber Physical System

In this article we have presented experimental results to evaluate the effectiveness of wireless fingerprinting based on Received Signal Strength Indicator(RSSI). Experiments are conducted on a real world water treatment testbed. Results indicate unique vantage point for Cyber Physical System(CPS) settings as the wireless environment is comparatively static hence the significance of signal strength based fingerprinting scheme in such settings is justified. An attacker is assumed to be a rogue AP which connects with all the client nodes (Programmable Logic Controllers) and can listen and tamper traffic from those controllers. Using signal strength as a fingerprint, it’s deviation from the normal pattern can be detected, revealing the presence of a rogue AP. We give insights into distributed policy where individual PLCs independently try to raise alarms on attackers presence.
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 accelerates fracture healing in osteoporotic rats

Background Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, bone fragility and increased susceptibility to fracture. Fracture healing in osteoporosis is delayed and rates of implant failure are high with few biological treatment options available. This study aimed to determine whether a single dose of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) in a collagen/carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC) composite enhanced fracture healing in an osteoporotic rat model. Materials and Methods An open femoral midshaft osteotomy was performed in female rats 3 months post-ovarectomy. Rats were randomized to receive either BMP-7 composite ( n = 30) or composite alone ( n = 30) at the fracture site during surgery. Thereafter calluses were collected on days 12, 20 and 31. Callus cross-sectional area, bone mineral density, biomechanical stiffness and maximum torque, radiographic bony union and histological callus maturity were evaluated at each time point. Results There were statistically significant increases in bone mineral density and callus cross-section area at all time points in the BMP-7 group as compared to controls and biomechanical readings showed stronger bones at day 31 in the BMP-7 group. Histological and radiographic evaluation indicated significant acceleration of bony union in the BMP-7 group as compared to controls. Conclusion This study demonstrated that BMP-7 accelerates fracture healing in an oestrogen-deficient environment in a rat femoral fracture healing model to scientific relevance level I. The use of BMP-7 composite could offer orthopedic surgeons an advantage over oestrogen therapy, enhancing osteoporotic fracture healing with a single, locally applied dose at the time of surgery, potentially overcoming delays in healing caused by the osteoporotic state.