Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Garbage in, Garbage Out: Data Collection, Quality Assessment and Reporting Standards for Social Media Data Use in Health Research, Infodemiology and Digital Disease Detection

Background Social media have transformed the communications landscape. People increasingly obtain news and health information online and via social media. Social media platforms also serve as novel sources of rich observational data for health research (including infodemiology, infoveillance, and digital disease detection detection). While the number of studies using social data is growing rapidly, very few of these studies transparently outline their methods for collecting, filtering, and reporting those data. Keywords and search filters applied to social data form the lens through which researchers may observe what and how people communicate about a given topic. Without a properly focused lens, research conclusions may be biased or misleading. Standards of reporting data sources and quality are needed so that data scientists and consumers of social media research can evaluate and compare methods and findings across studies. Objective We aimed to develop and apply a framework of social media data collection and quality assessment and to propose a reporting standard, which researchers and reviewers may use to evaluate and compare the quality of social data across studies. Methods We propose a conceptual framework consisting of three major steps in collecting social media data: develop, apply, and validate search filters. This framework is based on two criteria: retrieval precision (how much of retrieved data is relevant) and retrieval recall (how much of the relevant data is retrieved). We then discuss two conditions that estimation of retrieval precision and recall rely on—accurate human coding and full data collection—and how to calculate these statistics in cases that deviate from the two ideal conditions. We then apply the framework on a real-world example using approximately 4 million tobacco-related tweets collected from the Twitter firehose. Results We developed and applied a search filter to retrieve e-cigarette–related tweets from the archive based on three keyword categories: devices, brands, and behavior. The search filter retrieved 82,205 e-cigarette–related tweets from the archive and was validated. Retrieval precision was calculated above 95% in all cases. Retrieval recall was 86% assuming ideal conditions (no human coding errors and full data collection), 75% when unretrieved messages could not be archived, 86% assuming no false negative errors by coders, and 93% allowing both false negative and false positive errors by human coders. Conclusions This paper sets forth a conceptual framework for the filtering and quality evaluation of social data that addresses several common challenges and moves toward establishing a standard of reporting social data. Researchers should clearly delineate data sources, how data were accessed and collected, and the search filter building process and how retrieval precision and recall were calculated. The proposed framework can be adapted to other public social media platforms.
Sequence analysis and interposon mutagenesis of the hupT gene, which encodes a sensor protein involved in repression of hydrogenase synthesis in Rhodobacter capsulatus

The hupT gene, which represses hydrogenase gene expression in the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus, has been identified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of hupT and of the contiguous downstream open reading frame, hupU, is reported. The HupT protein of 456 amino acids (48,414 Da) has sequence similarity with the FixL, DctB, NtrB, and ArcB proteins and is predicted to be a soluble sensor kinase. Insertional inactivation of the hupT gene led to deregulation of transcriptional control, so that the hydrogenase structural operon hupSLC became overexpressed in cells grown anaerobically or aerobically. The HupT- mutants were complemented in trans by a plasmid containing an intact copy of the hupT gene. The hupU open reading frame, capable of encoding a protein of 84,879 Da, shared identity with [NiFe]hydrogenase subunits; the strongest similarity was observed with the periplasmic hydrogenase of Desulfovibrio baculatus.
A Juxtamembrane Tyrosine in the Colony Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor Regulates Ligand-induced Src Association, Receptor Kinase Function, and Down-regulation*

Recent literature implicates a regulatory function of the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in receptor tyrosine kinases. Mutations in the JMD of c-Kit and Flt3 are associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumors and acute myeloid leukemias, respectively. Additionally, autophosphorylated Tyr559 in the JMD of the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R) binds to Src family kinases (SFKs). To investigate SFK function in CSF-1 signaling we established stable 32D myeloid cell lines expressing CSF-1Rs with mutated SFK binding sites (Tyr559-TFI). Whereas binding to I562S was not significantly perturbed, Y559F and Y559D exhibited markedly decreased CSF-1-dependent SFK association. All JMD mutants retained intrinsic kinase activity, but Y559F, and less so Y559D, showed dramatically reduced CSF-1-induced autophosphorylation. CSF-1-mediated wild-type (WT)-CSF-1R phosphorylation was not markedly affected by SFK inhibition, indicating that lack of SFK binding is not responsible for diminished Y559F phosphorylation. Unexpectedly, cells expressing Y559F were hyperproliferative in response to CSF-1. Hyperproliferation correlated with prolonged activation of Akt, ERK, and Stat5 in the Y559F mutant. Consistent with a defect in receptor negative regulation, c-Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation and CSF-1R/c-Cbl co-association were almost undetectable in the Y559F mutant. Furthermore, Y559F underwent reduced multiubiquitination and delayed receptor internalization and degradation. In conclusion, we propose that Tyr559 is a switch residue that functions in kinase regulation, signal transduction and, indirectly, receptor down-regulation. These findings may have implications for the oncogenic conversion of c-Kit and Flt3 with JMD mutations.
In vivo complementation studies of a glycoprotein H-deleted herpes simplex virus-based vector.

The utilization of herpes simplex virus (HSV) as a vector for gene delivery to the nervous system or as a live vaccine delivery system is dependent on the construction and characterization of disabled virus mutants which are unable to cause disease. Under certain circumstances, however, replication-defective vectors may carry a potential risk if they can be efficiently complemented by a co-infecting wild-type virus. Stocks of defective vectors should, therefore, be free from replication-competent virus, and helper cell lines should be incapable of generating replication-competent virus by recombination between the vector and the complementary gene. We describe a glycoprotein H-negative (gH-) virus/helper cell line combination which generates helper-free defective virus stocks containing replication-competent virus at a frequency no higher than 1 in 10(9) p.f. u. This virus/helper cell system provides a suitable background for the construction of safe replication-defective gene delivery vectors. In vivo studies demonstrate that gH- virus is unable to initiate disease in mice and establishes latency at low efficiency compared to wild-type HSV. To determine whether gH- virus can be complemented by wild-type virus in vivo, mice were infected with a variety of mixtures of these viruses. Complementation was observed in a minority of animals infected with more than 10(6) p.f. u. of both wild-type and defective virus but the most common observation was that the presence of defective virus suppressed entry of wild-type virus into the nervous system.
A New Low-Cost Procedure for Detecting Nucleic Acids in Low-Incidence Samples: A Case Study of Detecting Spores of Paenibacillus larvae from Bee Debris

ABSTRACT American foulbrood, because of its virulence and worldwide spread, is currently one of the most dangerous diseases of honey bees. Quick diagnosis of this disease is therefore vitally important. For its successful eradication, however, all the hives in the region must be tested. This is time consuming and costly. Therefore, a fast and sensitive method of detecting American foulbrood is needed. Here we present a method that significantly reduces the number of tests needed by combining batches of samples from different hives. The results of this method were verified by testing each sample. A simulation study was used to compare the efficiency of the new method with testing all the samples and to develop a decision tool for determining when best to use the new method. The method is suitable for testing large numbers of samples (over 100) when the incidence of the disease is low (10% or less).
A homozygous deletion of 8q24.3 including the NIBP gene associated with severe developmental delay, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facial features

We have identified by microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization analysis (aCGH), a homozygous deletion of 8q24.3 [arr cgh 8q24.3(140,879,937 → 141,021,392)x0 mat pat] in a patient with dysmorphic facial features, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum, and severe mental retardation. The deletion was inherited from asymptomatic, consanguineous parents, each of them being heterozygous for the same deletion. The only gene known to map to this segment is the NIBP gene, and so far no clinical manifestations have been found in association with this gene mutation in homozygous or heterozygous state in humans. Our findings suggest that a homozygous deletion in the NIBP gene results in an autosomal recessive condition with multiple abnormalities and severe delay. In addition, the child inherited a 781‐kb deletion on 4q32.2 from the mother that contains the SPOCK3 gene. We suggest that this heterozygous deletion is likely to be non‐contributory to the phenotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Elastic Matching of Diffusion Tensor Images

In this paper, we discuss matching of magnetic resonance, diffusion tensor (DT) images of the human brain. Issues concerned with matching and transforming these complex images are discussed. In particular, we outline a method for preserving the intrinsic orientation of the data during nonrigid warps of the image and a number of similarity measures are proposed, based on the DT itself, on the DT deviatoric, and on indices derived from the DT. Each measure is used to drive an elastic matching algorithm applied to the task of registration of 3D images of the human brain. The performance of the various similarity measures is compared empirically by the use of several quality of match measures computed over a pair of matched images. Results indicate that the best matches are obtained from a Euclidean difference measure using the full DT.
Learning from Examples: Generation and Evaluation of Decision Trees for Software Resource Analysis

A general solution method for the automatic generation of decision (or classification) trees is investigated. The approach is to provide insights through in-depth empirical characterization and evaluation of decision trees for one problem domain, specifically, that of software resource data analysis. The purpose of the decision trees is to identify classes of objects (software modules) that had high development effort, i.e. in the uppermost quartile relative to past data. Sixteen software systems ranging from 3000 to 112000 source lines have been selected for analysis from a NASA production environment. The collection and analysis of 74 attributes (or metrics), for over 4700 objects, capture a multitude of information about the objects: development effort, faults, changes, design style, and implementation style. A total of 9600 decision trees are automatically generated and evaluated. The analysis focuses on the characterization and evaluation of decision tree accuracy, complexity, and composition. The decision trees correctly identified 79.3% of the software modules that had high development effort or faults, on the average across all 9600 trees. The decision trees generated from the best parameter combinations correctly identified 88.4% of the modules on the average. Visualization of the results is emphasized, and sample decision trees are included. >
Attentional Lapses in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Blank Rather Than Wandering Thoughts

People with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have difficulties sustaining their attention on external tasks. Such attentional lapses have often been characterized as the simple opposite of external sustained attention, but the different types of attentional lapses, and the subjective experiences to which they correspond, remain unspecified. In this study, we showed that unmedicated children (ages 6–12) with ADHD, when probed during a standard go/no-go task, reported more mind blanking (a mental state characterized by the absence of reportable content) than did control participants. This increase in mind blanking happened at the expense of both focused and wandering thoughts. We also found that methylphenidate reverted the level of mind blanking to baseline (i.e., the level of mind blanking reported by control children without ADHD). However, this restoration led to mind wandering more than to focused attention. In a second experiment, we extended these findings to adults who had subclinical ADHD. These results suggest that executive functions impaired in ADHD are required not only to sustain external attention but also to maintain an internal train of thought.
Aedes aegypti survival and dengue transmission patterns in French Guiana

ABSTRACT Field survival of Aedes aegypti females is a key parameter for estimating the dengue transmission potential of a mosquito population. The objectives of this study were to explore the dynamics of these survival rates at different times of the year in French Guiana and to analyze the results from the perspective of dengue patterns. The mosquitoes were captured, marked, released, and recaptured during four consecutive days in six houses every month, for three to 24 months, from January 1997 to December 1998. Laboratory experiments showed no effects on female survival but some effect on the survival of males. Females' daily survival in the field varied from 0.525 to 1 but was mostly between 0.8 and 0.95 during the entire year, with a mean value of 0.913. The field survival of Ae. aegypti females in French Guiana was thus in agreement with the likely transmission of dengue and the dengue endemic patterns throughout the year. On the other hand, heavy rainfalls during this time were less favorable to Ae. aegypti survival, which may explain part of the El Niño effect on dengue epidemics in French Guiana. The methods and results on Ae. aegypti survival will be implemented in a global dengue surveillance network in French Guiana.
Wiener's Nonlinear Expansion Procedure Applied to Cybernetic Problems

In an earlier paper, the author showed how Wiener's Hermite-Laguerre expansion procedure for synthesizing nonlinear functionals could be used to synthesize decision functions for a broad class of continuous stochastic inputs. Furthermore, self-adaptive or learning properties were noted. In the present paper, the relevance of this procedure to cybernetic problems is discussed. In particular, the procedure is applied to the multiple-alternative discrete decision problem with learning characteristic of the recognition processes inherent in adaptive (learning) control. Both sequential and nonsequential procedures are discussed. The resulting model is analogous to a generalized Bayes net type of pattern recognizer or decision maker. However, it is distinguished from the usual Bayes net by rather unique initial conditioning and updating capabilities, its computational or circuit realization, and the fact that its size is determined by rather different considerations from those governing the number of elements in the classical model. Relevant aspects and procedures in cybernetics, intelligence, and learning are discussed and related to the present model. Some problem areas and possible applications worthy of further investigation are discussed.
Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance? Evidence from Indonesia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gender diversity on the management board and the financial performance of Indonesian listed companies.Design/methodology/approach – Cross‐sectional regression analysis was conducted based on a sample comprising 92.4 percent of public firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The dependent variable was firm performance, measured by return on assets (ROA) and Tobin's q. The explanatory variable was gender diversity, proxied by the proportion of women, the presence of women, and a gender heterogeneity index.Findings – It was found that the representation of female top executives is negatively related to both ROA and Tobin's q, suggesting that female representation is not associated with an improved level of performance. From correlation analysis, the results also reveal that smaller firms, which tend to be family‐controlled, are more likely to have a higher proportion of female members on management boards. This implies that.
Digital elliptic filter application for noise reduction in ECG signal

Digital filters plays very important role in the processing of the low frequency signals. Numbers of biomedical signals are of the low frequency. The ECG signal, which preliminary represents the condition of the heart. It has the frequency range form. 5 Hz to 100Hz. Artifacts introduced in the signal create numerous difficulties against the physician. The work is the step in the direction for reduction of the artifacts using digital filter. The paper deals with design of the well-known elliptic filter in digital domain. The three filters of the elliptic approximation are designed and implemented on the real time ECG signal. The real time ECG signal is extracted using instrumentation designed with the help of the instrumentation amplifier from INA series. It is found that the elliptic filter introduced works well as compared to the Butterworth, chebyshev type I & type II with some limitations. In general overall filter works satisfactorily.
Adhesion Limits and Design Criteria for Nanorelays

Microelectromechanical switches are of interest for low-power circuit applications due to their minimal OFF state leakage current. This paper uses 22-nm CMOS fabrication technology and the clamped cantilever geometry as the basis for establishing design rules for electrostatic nanorelays and estimates the design parameters needed for nanorelay actuation. The adhesive pull-off force of various substrate/cantilever combinations is simulated using molecular dynamics with a force field that parameterizes van der Waals interactions, and measured using atomic force microscopy. Both methods show that for the substrates studied, H-passivated Si produces the least adhesive surface with adhesive pressure close to the critical pressure required for pull-out. Experimental results quantifying adhesion and electrical current conduction show that it is impossible to simultaneously meet the adhesion and current conduction requirements of a nanorelay. We show that contact adhesion is the key parameter limiting the scalability of electromechanical relays at the nanoscale.
Stator Flux Oriented Control with Improved Integrator for Speed-Sensorless Induction Motor Drives

This paper presents a speed-sensorless control algorithm for induction motors, based on the stator flux-oriented control. The algorithm has the advantage of insensitivity to rotor parameters and load varying, stator flux and rotor speed is closed loop controlled respectively. The main improvement is that stator flux is estimated based on a modified integrator which is developed to solve the problems associated with pure integrator. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified using a dSPACE system with DS1103 controller board based on the digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F240. The experimental results show the estimated speed is true of exactly actual speed and good behavior of the drive in both transient and steady state low-speed operating conditions is proved.
Crystal structure of outer surface protein C (OspC) from the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi

Outer surface protein C (OspC) is a major antigen on the surface of the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, when it is being transmitted to humans. Crystal structures of OspC have been determined for strains HB19 and B31 to 1.8 and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. The three‐dimensional structure is predominantly helical. This is in contrast to the structure of OspA, a major surface protein mainly present when spirochetes are residing in the midgut of unfed ticks, which is mostly β‐sheet. The surface of OspC that would project away from the spirochete's membrane has a region of strong negative electrostatic potential which may be involved in binding to positively charged host ligands. This feature is present only on OspCs from strains known to cause invasive human disease.
Effects of grounding platform on the radiation performance of H-plane horn antennas

The wideband and low-profile H-plane horn antenna is useful for applications in missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles because of its wide bandwidth and stable radiation beams. The H-plane horn antenna is designed to be mounted on a conducting platform. The grounding platform is an integral part of the antenna. This paper presents some parametric studies of the H-plane horn antenna as a function of the size of the ground plane. Simulated results are presented to examine the influence of the grounding platform size on the proposed antenna's bandwidth, gain, radiation patterns, and front-to-back ratio. These results are useful in the actual installation of the H-plane horn antenna in practical applications.
A Haar Wavelet-based Multi-resolution Representation Method of Time Series Data

Similarity search of time series can be efficiently handled through a multi-resolution representation scheme which offers the possibility to use pre-computed distances that are calculated and stored at indexing time and then utilized at query time together with filters in the form of exclusion conditions which speed up the search. In this paper we introduce a new multi-resolution representation and search framework of time series. Compared with our previous multi-resolution methods which use first degree polynomials to reduce the dimensionality of the time series at different resolution levels, the novelty of this work is that it applies Haar wavelets to represent the time series. This representation is particularly adapted to our multi-resolution approach as discrete wavelet transforms have the ability of reflecting the local and global information content at every resolution level thus enhancing the performance of the similarity search algorithm, which is what we have shown in this paper through extensive experiments on different datasets.
Design of observer for networked control systems with non-Gaussian noise

In this paper, a minimum entropy (ME) observer is proposed for nonlinear networked control system (NCS) with non-Gaussian time delay and noise. The observer gain is updated using information theoretic learning (ITL) techniques so that the entropy of the error is minimized. The gradient descent algorithm is applied to get the update rule for the observer gain. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Informetrische Untersuchungsmethoden auf der Grundlage der Textwortmethode

Expose de la methode elaboree par Henrichs et des parametres qu'elle permet d'analyser: proximite et environnement des termes, regroupement des mots en grappes, frequence d'apparition des termes. Interet de cette methode pour les activites relevant de la pratique documentaire