Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Neurobiology of Olfaction

From Odors to Behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans Anne C. Hart and Michael Y. Chao Odor Coding in Insects C. Giovanni Galizia and Silke Sachse Olfactory Information Processing in Moths S. Shuichi Haupt, Takeshi Sakurai, Shigehiro Namiki, Tomoki Kazawa, and Ryohei Kanzaki Olfactory Coding in Larvae of the African Clawed Frog Xenopus laevis Ivan Manzini and Detlev Schild Development of the Olfactory System Helen B. Treloar, Alexandra M. Miller, Arundhati Ray, and Charles A. Greer Pheromones and Mammalian Behavior Peter A. Brennan Odorant Receptors Bettina Malnic, Daniela C. Gonzalez-Kristeller, and Luciana M. Gutiyama Signal Transduction in Vertebrate Olfactory Cilia Simone Pifferi, Anna Menini, and Takashi Kurahashi Multiple Olfactory Subsystems Convey Various Sensory Signals Minghong Ma Feedback Regulation of Neurogenesis in the Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium: New Insights from Genetics and Systems Biology Kimberly K. Gokoffski, Shimako Kawauchi, Hsiao-Huei Wu, Rosaysela Santos, Piper L.W. Hollenbeck, Arthur D. Lander, and Anne L. Calof Neurogenesis in the Adult Olfactory Bulb Angela Pignatelli and Ottorino Belluzzi Active Sensing in Olfaction Matt Wachowiak Temporal Coding in Olfaction Brice Bathellier, Olivier Gschwend, and Alan Carleton Cortical Activity Evoked by Odors Donald A. Wilson and Robert L. Rennaker Memory and Plasticity in the Olfactory System: From Infancy to Adulthood Anne-Marie Mouly and Regina Sullivan New Perspectives on Olfactory Processing and Human Smell Gordon M. Shepherd
Review of the current medical literature and assessment of current utilization patterns regarding mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry in cutaneous Muir–Torre syndrome‐associated neoplasms

Muir–Torre syndrome is a clinical variant of Lynch syndrome defined by the synchronous or metachronous occurrence of at least one sebaceous neoplasm and at least one Lynch syndrome‐related internal cancer. Although screening guidelines for patients with colorectal carcinomas have been established, screening guidelines for cutaneous Muir–Torre associated neoplasms are not currently available. As such, we reviewed the current evidence for the use of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 immunohistochemistry when cutaneous Muir–Torre associated neoplasms are encountered. We identified weak to moderate support overall for the global use of these assays, with some evidence suggesting a tailored approach using clinical parameters as an adjunct. We also assessed the current utilization patterns of attendees of the American Society of Dermatopathology Annual Meeting (Chicago, 2016). We found that 91% of respondents utilize mismatch repair immunohistochemistry, with the majority utilizing these tests only when requested by the submitting clinician.
Lhx3, a LIM domain transcription factor, is regulated by Pou4f3 in the auditory but not in the vestibular system

A dominant mutation of the gene encoding the POU4F3 transcription factor underlies human non‐syndromic progressive hearing loss DFNA15. Using oligonucleotide microarrays to generate expression profiles of inner ears of Pou4f3ddl/ddl mutant and wild‐type mice, we have identified and validated Lhx3, a LIM domain transcription factor, as an in vivo target gene regulated by Pou4f3. Lhx3 is a hair cell‐specific gene expressed in all hair cells of the auditory and vestibular system as early as embryonic day 16. The level of Lhx3 mRNA is greatly reduced in the inner ears of embryonic Pou4f3 mutant mice. Our data also show that the expression of Lhx3 is regulated differently in auditory and vestibular hair cells. This is the first example of a hair cell‐specific gene expressed both in auditory and in vestibular hair cells, with differential regulation of expression in these two closely related systems.
Local gait dynamic stability of individuals with knee brace and ankle brace

Over the past few decades, many attempts were made to model human gait for both clinical and general purposes with focus on gait normality, gait stability and gait asymmetry. This paper aims to investigate human local dynamic stability during normal walking and walking with knee brace and ankle brace. This study uses Maximum Lyapunov Exponent (MLE) to investigate how knee and ankle brace affects a person's natural dynamic gait stability. Results obtained from the experiment conducted on 8 healthy subjects are satisfactory. Significant differences were observed when the participant walked with and without knee brace and ankle brace. However, further experiment needs to be conducted to further examine the relationship between local stability and global stability when a person walks with and without knee brace and ankle brace.
A replication dilemma game for cooperative data replication in ad hoc networks

In recent years wireless ad hoc networks have seen a great deal of attention, especially in cases where no infrastructure is available. These networks aim to provide good data accessibility for participants. Because of the wireless nodes' continuous movement, network partitioning occurs very often. In order to subside the negative effects of this partitioning and improve data accessibility and reliability, data is replicated in nodes other than the original owner of data. This duplication is costly in terms of nodes' storage space and energy. Hence, selfish nodes in an autonomous environment may act non-cooperatively and do not replicate data. In game theory literature this situation is referred to as a strategic situation. In order to address this problem we propose a game theory data replication scheme by using the repeated game concept and prove that it is in the nodes' best interest to cooperate fully in the replication process if our mechanism is used. Our analysis shows that our scheme outperforms previous methods in terms of data accessibility, communication cost and query delay.
Computerized image analysis as a tool to investigate the relationship between endothelial morphology and permeability

Endothelial permeability is associated with the genesis and development of atherosclerosis. Computerized image analysis is utilized to investigate the relationship between endothelial permeability and endothelial morphology. First, microscopic images are segmented to detect endothelial cells using the speckle reduction anisotropic diffusion and marker-controlled watershed, whose optimal parameter settings are obtained from the cell detection receiver operating characteristic. Two categories of morphological features are then extracted, including cell shape features and intercellular features. Finally, Student's t-test is conducted to explore the relation of the morphology to permeability. The method correctly detected 82.3% cells in two test images, while the over-segmented and fused cells were 8.4% and 9.3%, respectively. T-tests using images from two porcine coronary arteries demonstrated that four features had significant difference (P<0.05) between regions with highest (top 25%) and lowest (bottom 25%) albumin permeability. This finding is helpful in exploring the mechanisms responsible for high permeability.
Users' Beliefs toward Technology: A Social Capital Perspective

IT acceptance is generally considered a mature research field. However, we are persuaded that current approaches are underestimating the importance of social factors and group influence on individual beliefs. This paper adopts a complementary approach to previous researches based on normative assumptions. A social capital perspective is embraced to allow us to focus on the nature and quality of relationship among group members, especially those related to IT adoption. A theoretical model is proposed in order to have a usable theory. Empirically testable propositions are drawn, together with theoretical implications and possible future researches.
Participation in lifelong learning in Portugal and the UK

ABSTRACT Lifelong learning is a long-standing European Union priority, with an emphasis on the need for it to be pursued by all, but particularly those at the risk of exclusion. This study explores participation in Portugal and the UK, countries at opposite ends of the European adult learning spectrum with markedly different contexts. Analysis reveals that universal penetration remains a challenge in both. Broadly speaking, in Portugal, the learning culture is some way from widespread adoption while, in the UK, predictable and steep educational/occupational hierarchies are evident. More detailed findings in both settings, however, belie some standard stereotypes.
Sovereign Debt and the Effects of Fiscal Austerity

I study the impact of austerity programs implemented in the Eurozone since 2010. To do so I incorporate strategic sovereign default into a DSGE model where the government follows fiscal rules, which are estimated from data. I calibrate the model using data from Spain and estimate the size and impact of scal policy shocks associated with austerity policies. I then use the model to predict what would have happened to output, consumption, employment, sovereign debt levels and spreads if Spain had continued to follow the pre-2010 fiscal rule instead of switching to the austerity track. I find that, contrary to the expectations of policy makers at the time, austerity did not decrease sovereign spreads or debt-to-GDP ratios during 2010-2013. Furthermore it had a negative impact on employment and GDP. Nevertheless, the short run pain is related to a long run gain. The model predicts that as a consequence of austerity Spain is more likely to show lower levels of debt and spreads in the future.
Local Perspectives on Environmental Insecurity and Its Influence on Illegal Biodiversity Exploitation

Environmental insecurity is a source and outcome of biodiversity declines and social conflict. One challenge to scaling insecurity reduction policies is that empirical evidence about local attitudes is overwhelmingly missing. We set three objectives: determine how local people rank risk associated with different sources of environmental insecurity; assess perceptions of environmental insecurity, biodiversity exploitation, myths of nature and risk management preferences; and explore relationships between perceptions and biodiversity exploitation. We conducted interviews (N = 88) with residents of Madagascar’s Torotorofotsy Protected Area, 2014. Risk perceptions had a moderate effect on perceptions of environmental insecurity. We found no effects of environmental insecurity on biodiversity exploitation. Results offer one if not the first exploration of local perceptions of illegal biodiversity exploitation and environmental security. Local people’s perception of risk seriousness associated with illegal biodiversity exploitation such as lemur hunting (low overall) may not reflect perceptions of policy-makers (considered to be high). Discord is a key entry point for attention.
Optical frequency standards based on the 199Hg+ ion

We report on work directed toward the systematic evaluation of an optical frequency standard based on the /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/-/sup 2/D/sub 5/2/ transition of a single, laser-cooled, trapped /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ ion, whose resonance frequency is 1.06/spl times/10/sup 15/ Hz. For the purpose of the evaluation, a second /sup 199/Hg/sup +/ standard has been constructed. In the cooling-laser system built for the second standard, an injection-locking scheme has been applied to a CW Ti-sapphire laser. We also report optical frequency measurements of the clock transition performed over the past 21 months with the first standard. During this term, the variation of the clock transition frequency is found to be less than /spl plusmn/1/spl times/10/sup -14/.
SLA-driven business process management in SOA

The management of non-functional goals, or Service Level Agreements (SLA), in the development of business processes in a Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) often requires much manual and error-prone effort by all parties throughout the entire lifecycle of the processes. The formal specification of SLAs into development tools can simplify some of this effort. In particular, the runtime provisioning and monitoring of processes can be achieved by an autonomic system that adapts to changing conditions to maintain the SLA's goals. SOA supports partitioning a system into services that are running in a distributed execution environment. When coupled with an associated cost model, a process can be both executed and monitored in an optimal manner, based on a declarative, user-specified optimality function.
Reduction in the urinary aflatoxin M1 biomarker as an early indicator of the efficacy of dietary interventions to reduce exposure to aflatoxins

Abstract Aflatoxin B1 is a persistent public health issue in Ghana. Assessment of AFB1 intervention efficacy is currently dependent on long-term biomarkers. This study was designed to determine whether daily AFM1 biomarker levels could be utilized as an early detection method for intervention efficacy. Participants were treated with a refined calcium montmorillonite clay (UPSN) or a placebo (calcium carbonate) in a crossover study. Urine samples were assessed for AFM1 levels daily. UPSN treatment reduced AFM1 biomarkers by 55% compared to the placebo. This is the first study to show that daily urinary AFM1 levels can be used as a biomarker of internal aflatoxin B1 exposure in short-term intervention trials to determine efficacy.
Planning and Realigning a Lesson in Response to Student Contributions

What constitutes a successful lesson? A considerable body of literature examines instructional talk; however, little attention has been directed to situations in which teacher intentions (as captured by lesson plan) are stymied by unanticipated student response and the teacher must instantaneously reevaluate and revise an intended lesson. This article scrutinizes specific teacher discourse practices in one English language learner (ELL) classroom when students struggle with a text. Close discourse analysis reveals that this teacher's consistent guided practice of anchoring her questions in student contributions to support students' existing purposes and understandings is not compromised even when this results in extended vocabulary-centered student searches for meaning and a lesson very different from what she intended. The dialogic nature of this lesson talk challenges simplified dichotomies of closed and open questions, as well as established notions of efficient and effective instructional practice. This illustrative case of dialogic teaching explicates the role of contingency in interactive discussion.
SimSOA: an approach for agent-based simulation and design-time assessment of SOC-based IT systems

By applying the paradigm of service-oriented computing (SOC) to existing IT infrastructures, companies aim at increasing flexibility and reducing complexity prevalent in their enterprise IT. Yet, introducing SOA brings forward an SOC-specific IT complexity that - among other issues - has to be adressed by a company's IT Service Management (ITSM). To facilitate an ITSM-based assessment of an SOC-based enterprise IT architecture at design-time, this paper presents an approach for an agent-based SOA simulation system: SimSOA. By conducting simulation runs, a design-time assessment of an IT Service architecture with respect to aspects of Availability Management, Service Level Management and others is supported. This paper outlines the architecture of SimSOA and its current state of implementation - and presents an experiment within which the capabilities of SimSOA are analyzed against an ITSM-related scenario.
Graph Analysis of Fog Computing Systems for Industry 4.0

Increased adoption of Fog Computing concepts into Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is a driving force for implementing Industry 4.0. The modern industrial environment focuses on providing a flexible factory floor that suits the needs of modern manufacturing through the reduction of downtimes, reconfiguration times, adoption of new technologies and the increase of its production capabilities and rates. Fog Computing through CPS aims to provide a flexible orchestration and management platform that can meet the needs of this emerging industry model. Proposals on Fog Computing platform and Software Defined Networks (SDN) for Industry allow for resource virtualization and access throughout the system enabling large composite application systems to be deployed on multiple nodes. The increase of reliability, redundancy and runtime parameters as well as the reduction of costs in such systems are of key interest to Industry and researchers as well. The development of optimization algorithms and methods is made difficult by the complexity of such systems and the lack of real-world data on fog systems resulting in algorithms that are not being designed for real world scenarios. We propose a set of use-case scenarios based on our Industrial partner that we analyze to determine the graph based parameters of the system that allows us to scale and generate a more realistic testing scenario for future optimization attempts as well as determine the nature of such systems in comparison to other networks types. To show the differences between these scenarios and our real-world use-case we have selected a set of key graph characteristics based on which we analyze and compare the resulting graphs from the systems.
HAMiSoN-Ensemble at ClimateActivism 2024: Ensemble of RoBERTa, Llama 2, and Multi-task for Stance Detection

CASE @ EACL 2024 proposes a shared task on Stance and Hate Event Detection for Climate Activism discourse. For our participation in the stance detection task, we propose an ensemble of different approaches: a transformer-based model (RoBERTa), a generative Large Language Model (Llama 2), and a Multi-Task Learning model. Our main goal is twofold: to study the effect of augmenting the training data with external datasets, and to examine the contribution of several, diverse models through a voting ensemble. The results show that if we take the best configuration during training for each of the three models (RoBERTa, Llama 2 and MTL), the ensemble would have ranked first with the highest F1 on the leaderboard for the stance detection subtask.
The Logic of Political Survival

The authors of this ambitious book address a fundamental political question: why are leaders who produce peace and prosperity turned out of office while those who preside over corruption, war, and misery endure? Considering this political puzzle, they also answer the related economic question of why some countries experience successful economic development and others do not. The authors construct a provocative theory on the selection of leaders and present specific formal models from which their central claims can be deduced. They show how political leaders allocate resources and how institutions for selecting leaders create incentives for leaders to pursue good and bad public policy. They also extend the model to explain the consequences of war on political survival. Throughout the book, they provide illustrations from history, ranging from ancient Sparta to Vichy France, and test the model against statistics gathered from cross-national data. The authors explain the political intuition underlying their theory in nontechnical language, reserving formal proofs for chapter appendixes. They conclude by presenting policy prescriptions based on what has been demonstrated theoretically and empirically.
Classification of Fermented Soymilk during Fermentation by 1H NMR Coupled with Principal Component Analysis and Elucidation of Free-Radical Scavenging Activities

Changes in metabolites in fermented soymilk prepared with selected Bifidobacterium and Streptococci strains were analyzed using a 1H-NMR-based metabolomic technique. Principal components analysis (PCA) allowed the clear separation of 50% methanol extracts from fermented soymilk with different fermentation times by combining principal components PC1 and PC3, which accounted for 55.1% of the total variance. Loading plot analysis was performed to select major compounds contributing to the separation, and the relative levels of selected metabolites were determined. In addition, the free-radical scavenging activities of each sample were investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated by determining the total phenolics and total flavonoids contents of each sample. The present study suggests the usefulness of combining 1H-NMR with PCA in discriminating fermented soymilk samples with different fermentation times, and elucidates of the factors affecting free-radical scavenging activities of fermented soymilk.
Efficacy of Common Decontamination Methods for Cleaning Contaminated Wounds

Abstract Emergency preparedness and response for work with hazardous materials, including radiological materials, necessarily have to involve injuries sustained by the workers. Removing radionuclide contamination from wounds in tissue is essential to minimizing the intake of radiological materials and the internal dose to the individual. This study compares the efficacy of common decontamination methods for removal of 60Co from contaminated wounds inflicted in pig tissue. The decontamination procedures investigated include a commercially available, non-prescription, surfactant-based, non-ionic wound cleanser spray; a physiologic saline solution spray; and a physiologic saline solution pour. Three different types of wounds are examined: smooth incision, jagged cut, and blunt force trauma wounds. The cleanser and saline sprays are more effective at decontaminating all three wounds than the saline pour. Within the statistical limitations of the study, the difference between the cleanser spray and the saline spray is not significant. However, the cleanser spray successfully decontaminates the wound to a lower mean value. The most noticeable impact in the decontamination process appears to be due to the spray pressure employed with the cleanser and saline sprays.
T‐box genes and congenital heart/limb malformations

Congenital malformations cause significant morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying basis for many of these developmental defects is not well understood. Over the past years, a new family of genes called T‐box genes has been identified that play essential roles during the development of various tissues and organs. A number of developmental syndromes have recently been shown to be linked to mutations in T‐box genes, and brought direct medical relevance to their study. This review emphasizes emerging data on the molecular, cell, and disease levels, which establish a basis for parallel events in limb and heart development, and suggests that common regulatory pathways are crucial for proper differentiation and growth of these embryonic structures.