Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Species variations in transmembrane region V of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A receptor alter the structure-activity relationship of certain ergolines and tryptamines.

Previous work has suggested that species differences in the structure-activity relationship for ergolines and tryptamines at the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A (formerly known as the 5-HT2) receptor are related to aliphatic substitution at the N1-position on the indole nucleus. The present work has confirmed these findings by examining the rat and human cloned 5-HT2A receptors. As previously found, N1-substitution of ergolines or tryptamines had no effect or increased affinity for the rat 5-HT2A receptor but decreased affinity for the human receptor. Also, the N1-unsubstituted analogues had higher affinity for the human 5-HT2A receptor, whereas the N1-alkyl analogues had a higher affinity for the rat receptor. By mutating the rat 5-HT2A receptor, the importance of the Ala/Ser242 species variation in amino acid sequence was examined in relation to this structure-activity relationship. Three mutations of the rat 5-HT2A receptor were made, i.e., A242S, A242V, and A242T. All three mutations resulted in functional (able to stimulate inositol phosphate hydrolysis) 5-HT2A receptors with high affinity for [3H]ketanserin and 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-[125I]iodophenyl)isopropylamine. The A242S mutation resulted in a pharmacological profile that was almost identical to that of the human 5-HT2A receptor but differed significantly from that of the wild-type rat receptor. This strongly suggests that the Ala/Ser242 species variation accounts for the differences in the structure-activity relationship. The A242V and A242T mutations resulted in differing but profound effects on affinity for the different ergolines and tryptamines. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of position 242 in the binding of these ligands to 5-HT2A receptors. In addition, arguments are presented that suggest that a hydrogen-bonding interaction occurs between the human 5-HT2A receptor at Ser242 and the N1-hydrogen of N1-unsubstituted ergolines and tryptamines and may serve as an important contact point in the receptor.
We know less than we should about methods of meta‐analysis

Keywords: inverse-variance weights; heterogeneity; random-effects model; Q statistic; softwareInspired by the papers of Gene Glass, Robert Rosenthal, Frank Schmidt, and Will Shadish and Jesse Lecy, I examinethe connection between research on methods and the practice of meta-analysis. Surprisingly, most results in theliterature on methods have only limited relevance to actual practice. The reasons for this situation seem to formﬁve categories: incorrect assumptions, inaccurate approximations, preference for simplicity, unrealisticsimulations, and inertia. I brieﬂy discuss these and give illustrative examples.I am grateful to the Editors for this opportunity. The reﬂections of Gene Glass, Bob Rosenthal, and FrankSchmidt provide fascinating insights into the early development of meta-analysis. And, as Will Shadish and JesseLecy show graphically, the “big bang” has produced extensive research and yielded very wide and diverseapplications.My systematic involvement in meta-analysis began in the 1990s as a participant for several years in theTechnology Assessment Group, directed by Fred Mosteller and Tom Chalmers and based at the Harvard Schoolof Public Health. Then work assignments shifted my focus to other areas for about 15years. When I was able tore-engage with meta-analysis, I had a lot of literature to catch up on (that process continues). My interest wasin the part that Bob Rosenthal describes as “very mathy,” but I was eager to see how research on methods tookinto account conditions in actual meta-analyses. As I read various publications on methods, I was surprised that,despite the extensive literature, most of the results had limited relevance to actual practice. Several reasons seemresponsible for this situation:† Incorrect (but convenient) assumptions† Inaccurate approximations† Preference for simplicity† Unrealistic simulations† InertiaThis list is unlikely to be complete. Some publications are highly relevant but, discouragingly, have not hadenough impact. Examples include Hamza et al. (2008) and Kulinskaya et al. (2011a, 2011b). In what follows, I brieﬂydiscuss the ﬁve reasons and give illustrative examples.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES TRANSPLANTED NEURAL STEM CELLS SURVIVE , DIFFERENTIATE , AND IMPROVE NEUROLOGICAL MOTOR FUNCTION AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

Accepted, May 29, 2002. OBJECTIVE: Using the neural stem cell (NSC) clone C17.2, we evaluated the ability of transplanted murine NSCs to attenuate cognitive and neurological motor deficits after traumatic brain injury. METHODS: Nonimmunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice (n 65) were anesthetized and subjected to lateral controlled cortical impact brain injury (n 52) or surgery without injury (sham operation group, n 13). At 3 days postinjury, all brain-injured animals were reanesthetized and randomized to receive stereotactic injection of NSCs or control cells (human embryonic kidney cells) into the cortex-hippocampus interface in either the ipsilateral or the contralateral hemisphere. One group of animals (n 7) was killed at either 1 or 3 weeks postinjury to assess NSC survival in the acute posttraumatic period. Motor function was evaluated at weekly intervals for 12 weeks in the remaining animals, and cognitive (i.e., learning) deficits were assessed at 3 and 12 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS: Brain-injured animals that received either ipsilateral or contralateral NSC transplants showed significantly improved motor function in selected tests as compared with human embryonic kidney cell-transplanted animals during the 12-week observation period. Cognitive dysfunction was unaffected by transplantation at either 3 or 12 weeks postinjury. Histological analyses showed that NSCs survive for as long as 13 weeks after transplantation and were detected in the hippocampus and/or cortical areas adjacent to the injury cavity. At 13 weeks, the NSCs transplanted ipsilateral to the impact site expressed neuronal (NeuN) or astrocytic (glial fibrillary acidic protein) markers but not markers of oligodendrocytes (2'3'cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase), whereas the contralaterally transplanted NSCs expressed neuronal but not glial markers (double-labeled immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that transplanted NSCs can survive in the traumatically injured brain, differentiate into neurons and/or glia, and attenuate motor dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.
A fully integrated 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS direct conversion receiver front-end with on-chip LO for UMTS

This paper presents a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS direct-conversion IC realized for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). The chip comprises a variable gain low-noise amplifier, quadrature mixers, variable gain amplifiers, and local oscillator generation circuits. The solution is based on very high dynamic range front-end blocks, a low-power superharmonic injection-locking technique for quadrature generation and continuous-time dc offset removal. Measured performances are an overall gain variable between 21 and 47 dB, 5.6 dB noise figure, -2 dBm out-of-band IIP3, -10 dBm in-band IIP3, 44.8-dBm minimum IIP2, and -155-dBc/Hz phase noise at 135 MHz from carrier frequency, while drawing 21 mA from a 1.8-V supply.
Anotación morfosintáctica do Corpus Técnico do Galego

Neste traballo presentanse a metodoloxia e os criterios empregados na anotacion linguistica (etiquetaxe categorial e lematizacion) do Corpus Tecnico do Galego, un corpus elaborado na Universidade de Vigo con textos monolingues especializados do galego contemporaneo nos eidos do dereito, da informatica, da economia, das ciencias ambientais, da socioloxia e da medicina.
The redundancy of source coding with a fidelity criterion: 1. Known statistics

The problem of redundancy of source coding with respect to a fidelity criterion is considered. For any fixed rate R>0 and any memoryless source with finite source and reproduction alphabets and a common distribution p, the nth-order distortion redundancy D/sub n/(R) of fixed-rate coding is defined as the minimum of the difference between the expected distortion per symbol of any block code with length n and rate R and the distortion rate function d(p,R) of the source p. It is demonstrated that for sufficiently large n, D/sub n/(R) is equal to -(/spl part///spl part/R)d(p,R) ln n/2n+o(ln n/n), where (/spl part///spl part/R)d(p,R) is the partial derivative of d(p,R) evaluated at R and assumed to exist. For any fixed distortion level d>0 and any memoryless source p, the nth-order rate redundancy R/sub n/(d) of coding at fixed distortion level d (or by using d-semifaithful codes) is defined as the minimum of the difference between the expected rate per symbol of any d-semifaithful code of length n and the rate-distortion function R(p,d) of p evaluated at d. It is proved that for sufficiently large n, R/sub n/(d) is upper-bounded by ln n/n+o(ln n/n) and lower-bounded by In n/2n+o(In n/n). As a by-product, the lower bound of R/sub n/(d) derived in this paper gives a positive answer to a conjecture proposed by Yu and Speed (1993).
Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, attenuates cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic infarction in rats with hyperglycemia

Abstract Background: Thrombolysis due to acute ischemic stroke is associated with the risk of hemorrhagic infarction, especially after reperfusion. Recent experimental studies suggest that the main mechanism contributing to hemorrhagic infarction is oxidative stress caused by disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, decreases oxidative stress, thereby preventing hemorrhagic infarction during ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, we investigated the effects of edaravone on hemorrhagic infarction in a rat model of hemorrhagic transformation. Methods: We used a previously established hemorrhagic transformation model of rats with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose to all rats (n = 20). The rats with hyperglycemia showed a high incidence of hemorrhagic infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1·5 hours followed by reperfusion for 24 hours was performed in edaravone-treated rats (n = 10) and control rats (n = 10). Upon completion of reperfusion, both groups were evaluated for infarct size and hemorrhage volume and the results obtained were compared. Results: Edaravone significantly decreased infarct volume, with the average infarct volume in the edaravone-treated rats (227·6 mm3) being significantly lower than that in the control rats (264·0 mm3). Edaravone treatment also decreased the postischemic hemorrhage volumes (53·4 mm3 in edaravone-treated rats vs 176·4 mm3 in controls). In addition, the ratio of hemorrhage volume to infarct volume was lower in the edaravone-treated rats (23·5%) than in the untreated rats (63·2%). Conclusion: Edaravone attenuates cerebral infarction and hemorrhagic infarction in rats with hyperglycemia.
Co-Movement and Interaction Effects across the Monetary, Foreign Exchange and Stock Markets: Evidence from China

This paper investigates the issue of co-movement and interaction among the monetary, foreign exchange and stock markets by employing the data from China’s financial markets. Based on the ICA-EGARCH-M model, we explore the volatility spillover effects so as to illustrate the overall co-movements across financial markets. Furthermore, in order to observe the multi-market dynamic relationship variation process, we calculate the dynamic correlation coefficients with the AG-DCC-MGARCH model. Our findings provide both static and dynamic evidence on the co-movement and interaction effects of financial markets which may lead to the systemic financial risk.
Sensitivity of CAM 5-Simulated Arctic Clouds and Radiation to Ice Nucleation Parameterization

Sensitivity of Arctic clouds and radiation in the Community Atmospheric Model, version 5, to the ice nucleation process is examined by testing a new physically based ice nucleation scheme that links the variation of ice nuclei (IN) number concentration to aerosol properties. The default scheme parameterizes the IN concentration simply as a function of ice supersaturation. The new scheme leads to a significant reduction in simulated IN concentration at all latitudes while changes in cloud amounts and properties are mainly seen at highand midlatitude storm tracks. In the Arctic, there is a considerable increase in midlevel clouds and a decrease in low-level clouds, which result from the complex interaction among the cloud macrophysics, microphysics, and large-scale environment. The smaller IN concentrations result in an increase in liquid water path and a decrease in ice water path caused by the slowdown of the Bergeron–Findeisen process in mixedphase clouds. Overall, there is an increase in the optical depth of Arctic clouds, which leads to a stronger cloud radiative forcing (net cooling) at the top of the atmosphere. The comparison with satellite data shows that the new scheme slightly improves low-level cloud simulations over most of the Arctic but produces too many midlevel clouds. Considerable improvements are seen in the simulated low-level clouds and their properties when compared with Arctic ground-based measurements. Issues with the observations and the model– observation comparison in the Arctic region are discussed.
Capitalizing on technology for developing communication skills in autism spectrum disorder: a single case study

Abstract Purpose: In this case study, we discuss the application of a patient-centred clinical approach that led to the use of an assisted communication platform to combat severe communicative deficit in a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Initial assessment at four years of age revealed that the patient had rudimentary communication skills, with significant sensory integration dysfunction manifested as oral, olfactory, and tactile seeking behaviours; self-stimulatory behaviour; and complete dependence on caregiver for activities of daily living. Intensive, multi-disciplinary intervention resulted in minimal improvement in communicative skills and sensory seeking over six months. Subsequently, a tailor-made picture-assisted communication training with the mother as the communication facilitator was adopted. This approach was abandoned due to the patient’s poor response and mother’s low acceptance of picture-based interaction. A preference for printed material was observed in the patient. Accordingly, further management was focused on employing a computer-based interactive platform that the patient was taught to use over the course of a few months as a part of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) intervention program. This resulted in a remarkable improvement in the child’s skills that now allowed for a better intentional communication of his thoughts and needs. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of revisiting conventional rehabilitation strategies for communicative deficits and tailoring them according to the patient’s needs and preferences. It also emphasises that besides excellent observation skills, clinicians must be willing to consider technology based approaches in patients responding poorly to traditional approaches in order to develop effective interventional programmes. Implication for Rehabilitation The current study highlights the importance of exploring the application of technology based intervention for building communication skills in the early stages of rehabilitation for persons with communicative deficit. It also emphasises the need for excellent observation skills among clinicians so that the peculiar interests of children with ASD may be applied in designing training programmes to overcome communication barriers. Additionally, clinicians should familiarise themselves with the latest assistive technology-based rehabilitation approaches and be willing to explore newer approaches if traditional ones fail to yield satisfactory outcomes. Use of technology-based interventions to reduce dependence among persons with disability would be beneficial, both socially and economically, in developing countries with limited resources.
Robotic-assisted gait training in Parkinson's disease: a three-month follow-up randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT), together with a conventional exercise program (CEP), to improve PD ambulation, as compared to standard gait training. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with mild PD stage (H&Y 2–2.5) were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group. The 19 patients in EG received 30 min RAGT (using Lokomat device), whereas the 19 controls received a conventional gait training; both groups received 30 min of CEP. Participants were evaluated before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 12 weeks after the end of treatment (T2), by using 10-MWT, Tinetti Test and the motor score of the UPDRS-III. Results: We found that Tinetti Walking (TW) (X2(3) = 31.75; p < 0.001), Tinetti Balance (X2(3) = 74.07; p < 0.001), UPDRS-III (X2(3) = 6.87; p < 0.001) and GDS (X2(3) = 28.83; p < 0.001) scores were affected by the type of the rehabilitative treatment. At T2, we found a significant difference between the two groups for TW (t = 2.62; p < 0.02, d = 0.85). Concerning all the study outcomes, a significant improvement was observed from T0 to T1 in both groups. However, the functional motor gain at T2 was maintained only in the EG. Conclusions: RAGT may significantly improve walking ability, motor function and for a maximum period of three months. Thus, our findings support the importance of a RAGT as a valid rehabilitative tool for PD.
Wideband (500 MHz) 16 bit dynamic range current mode input stage for photodetector readout

A low noise wideband current mode circuit with 16 bit dynamic range (DR) is presented. It has been designed as input stage of a transimpedance preamplifier for the readout of the cameras of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) project. A novel current division scheme at the very front end part of circuit is used to split the input current in two or more scaled output currents which are connected to independent current mirrors. The mirror of the high gain path comprises a dedicated saturation control circuit needed to assure an accurate current division. Two ASIC prototypes have been designed in AMS SiGe BiCMOS 0.35um technology. Measurement results are presented: BW of 500 MHz, DR of 16 bits, input referred ENC below 4000 electrons and relative linearity error below 2%. The current mode circuit can be operated at 3.3 V and lower, with low power consumption (&#60; 10 mW).
A Family of Rad-Hard ADC with Flash Architecture

This work presents a family of rad-hard ADCs with flash architecture for space applications. The converters, featuring from 4 to 8-Bit at 10MS/s, have been developed using rad-hardening techniques at architecture, circuit and layout levels. The 4-Bit ADC has been integrated in two standard CMOS 0.18-μm technologies by TowerJazz and XFAB. The prototypes have been tested under Co-60 and showed same radiation immunities up to 300krad(Si), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed radiation-hardening methodology.
Diagnosis of Prosthetic Joint Infection by Use of PCR-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACT We compared PCR-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR-ESI/MS) to culture using sonicate fluid from 431 subjects with explanted knee (n = 270) or hip (n = 161) prostheses. Of these, 152 and 279 subjects had prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and aseptic failure, respectively. The sensitivities for detecting PJI were 77.6% for PCR-ESI/MS and 69.7% for culture (P = 0.0105). The specificities were 93.5 and 99.3%, respectively (P = 0.0002).
An Associative Classification Based Approach for Detecting SNP-SNP Interactions in High Dimensional Genome

There have been many studies that depict genotype-phenotype relationships by identifying genetic variants associated with a specific disease. Researchers focus more attention on interactions between SNPs that are strongly associated with disease in the absence of main effect. In this context, a number of machine learning and data mining tools are applied to identify the combinations of multi-locus SNPs in higher order data. However, none of the current models can identify useful SNP-SNP interactions for high dimensional genome data. Detecting these interactions is challenging due to bio-molecular complexities and computational limitations. The goal of this research was to implement associative classification and study its effectiveness for detecting the epistasis in balanced and imbalanced datasets. The proposed approach was evaluated for two locus epistasis interactions using simulated data. The datasets were generated for 5 different penetrance functions by varying heritability, minor allele frequency and sample size. In total, 23,400 datasets were generated and several experiments are conducted to identify the disease causal SNP interactions. The accuracy of classification by the proposed approach was compared with the previous approaches. Though associative classification showed only relatively small improvement in accuracy for balanced datasets, it outperformed existing approaches in higher order multi-locus interactions in imbalanced datasets.
Comparison of hematologic and biochemical results on blood obtained by jugular venipuncture as compared with intravenous catheter in adult horses.

BACKGROUND During hospitalization, horses typically undergo frequent blood sampling for diagnostic testing and monitoring. The need for numerous samples in hospitalized horses makes acquisition from an intravenous catheter (IVC) both convenient and less stressful to the patient. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that there would be no significant difference in the plasma chemistry and CBC variables from blood samples obtained from a jugular catheter as compared with direct jugular venipuncture. ANIMALS Fifty adult hospitalized horses; 25 receiving constant rate crystalloid therapy, and 25 receiving low volume IV medication. METHODS This study was conducted using a prospective, blinded, cross-over design. Samples were obtained sequentially by direct venipuncture of the jugular vein and aspiration from an IVC in the contralateral vein after an appropriate presample of blood was obtained and discarded. Samples were submitted for blinded analysis including CBC, plasma chemistry analysis, stall side plasma glucose concentration, PCV, and total protein concentration. Data obtained were analyzed using a Student's t-test with compensation for unequal variances between the 2 groups. Analyses were Bonferroni corrected for a 5% 2-tailed hypothesis test. RESULTS There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences associated with sampling method (venipuncture versus catheter) regardless of fluid administration status in any of the 24 analytes measured. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Blood samples obtained by IVC have clinically equivalent values to those taken by direct venipuncture in commonly performed analyses. Additional investigation is warranted to establish if this technique is associated with increased complications such as phlebitis or bacteremia.