Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Linking Syntactic and Semantic Arguments in a Dependency-based Formalism

We propose a formal characterization of variation in the syntactic realization of semantic arguments, using hierarchies of syntactic relations and thematic roles, and a mechanism of lexical inheritance to obtain valency frames from individual linking types. We embed the formalization in the new lexicalized, dependency-based grammar formalism of Topological Dependency Grammar (TDG) (Duchier and Debusmann, 2001). We account for arguments that can be alternatively realized as a NP or a PP, and model thematic role alternations. We also treat auxiliary constructions, where the correspondance between syntactic and semantic argumenthood is indirect.
Positive affect facilitates task switching in the dimensional change card sort task: Implications for the shifting aspect of executive function

Using the modified Dimensional Change Card Sort task, we examined the influence of positive affect on task switching by inspecting various markers for the costs, including restart cost, switch cost and mixing cost. Given that the executive-control processes that underlie switching performance—i.e., inhibition or shifting—are distinct from the component processes that underlie non-switching performance—i.e., stimulus evaluation, resource allocation or response execution—we hypothesised that if positive affect facilitates task switching via executive-control processes, rather than via component processes, positive affect would reduce both switch and restart costs, but not mixing cost, because both switch and restart costs rely on executive processes, while mixing cost imposes only minimal demands on executive processes. We found beneficial effects of positive affect on both restart and switch costs, but not on mixing costs. These results suggest that positive affect improves switching abilities via executive processes rather than via component processes.
Pedestrian detection using improved proposal boxes and grayscale convolutional learning

In this paper, a new method is presented to improve pedestrian detection accuracy in color images. A pedestrian detection system includes two main parts: proposal generator and accurate classifier. In this paper, LDCF detector and a convolutional neural network based on VGG19 are used for these parts. The first novelty of this paper is to use multiple new proposal boxes around LDCF proposals in the first part of the system leading to more proper inputs for the convolutional network. The second novelty of this paper is discussing the redundancy of color information in images used to train neural network of the second part of the system in the case of pedestrian detection. It is shown that using gray images results in more convergence and better training of the network. This paper achieves the result of 15.86% Miss Rate on 0.1 FPPI on Caltech pedestrian detection dataset that is comparable to other well-known methods in pedestrian detection.
The Efficiency of Investment Information

We investigate how the description of a correlated information V improves the investment in the stock market X. The objective is to maximize the growth rate of wealth in repeated investments, We find a single-letter characterization of the incremental growth rate /spl Delta/(R), the maximum increase in growth rate when V is described to the investor at rate R. The incremental growth rate specialized to the horse race market is related to source coding with side information of Wyner and Ahlswede-Kormer. We provide two horse race examples: jointly binary and jointly Gaussian. The initial efficiency /spl Delta/'(0) is the maximum possible increase in the growth rate per bit of description, We show that the initial efficiency is related to the dependency between V and the market. In particular, for the horse race market, the initial efficiency is the square of the Hirschfeld-Gebelein-Renyi maximal correlation between V and X. This provides a connection with the hypercontraction of the Markov operator of Ahlswede and Gacs. For the general market the initial efficiency is 1 when the side information V is equal to the stock market outcome X.
On the Holographic Principle in a Radiation Dominated Universe

The holographic principle is studied in the context of a $n+1$ dimensional radiation dominated closed Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe. The radiation is represented by a conformal field theory with a large central charge. Following recent ideas on holography, it is argued that the entropy density in the early universe is bounded by a multiple of the Hubble constant. The entropy of the CFT is expressed in terms of the energy and the Casimir energy via a universal Cardy formula that is valid for all dimensions. A new purely holographic bound is postulated which restricts the sub-extensive entropy associated with the Casimir energy. Unlike the Hubble bound, the new bound remains valid throughout the cosmological evolution. When the new bound is saturated the Friedman equation exactly coincides with the universal Cardy formula, and the temperature is uniquely fixed in terms of the Hubble parameter and its time-derivative.
Development of tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive cell populations and fiber pathways in the brain of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula: New perspectives on the evolution of the vertebrate catecholaminergic system

Developmental studies of the central catecholaminergic (CA) system are essential for understanding its evolution. To obtain knowledge about the CA system in chondrichthyans, an ancient gnathostome group, we used immunohistochemical techniques for detecting tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the initial rate‐limiting enzyme of the CA synthesis, to study: 1) the neuromery of developing TH‐immunoreactive (ir) neuronal populations, 2) the development of TH‐ir innervation, and 3) the organization of TH‐ir cells and fibers in the brain of postembryonic stages of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. The first TH‐ir cells appeared in the hypothalamus and rostral diencephalon (suprachiasmatic, posterior recess and posterior tubercle nuclei at embryonic stage 26, and dorsomedial hypothalamus at stage 28); then in more caudal basal regions of the diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area); and later on in the anterior (locus coeruleus/nucleus subcoeruleus) and posterior (vagal lobe and reticular formation) rhombencephalon. The appearance of TH‐ir cells in the telencephalon (pallium) was rather late (stage [S]31) with respect to the other TH‐ir prosencephalic populations. The first TH‐ir fibers arose from cells of the posterior tubercle (S30) and formed recognizable ascending (toward dorsal and rostral territories) and descending pathways at S31. When the second half of embryonic development started (S32), TH‐ir fibers innervated most brain areas, and nearly all TH‐ir cell groups of the postembryonic brain were already established. This study provides key information about the evolution of the developmental patterns of central CA systems in fishes and thus may help in understanding how the vertebrate CA systems have evolved. J. Comp. Neurol. 520:3574–3603, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EFFECTIVE SINGING VOICE DETECTION IN POPULAR MUSIC USING ARMA FILTERING

Locating singing voice segments is essential for convenient indexing, browsing and retrieval large music archives and catalogues. Furthermore, it is beneficial for automatic music transcription and annotations. TheapproachdescribedinthispaperusesMel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients in conjunction with Gaussian Mixture Models for discriminating two classes of data (instrumental music and singing voice with music background). Due to imperfect classificationbehavior, thecategorizationwithoutadditionalpost-processing tends to alternate within a very short time span, whereas singing voice tends to be continuous for several frames. Thus, various tests have been performed to identify a suitable decision function and corresponding smoothing methods. Results are reported by comparing the performance of straightforward likelihood based classifications vs. postprocessing with an autoregressive moving average filtering method.
A Web-Based Tool for Calculating Spectral Band Difference Adjustment Factors Derived From SCIAMACHY Hyperspectral Data

Monitoring and adjusting calibrations of various satellite imagers is often exacerbated by differences in their spectral response functions (SRFs). To help account for spectral disparities among satellite imagers, a web-based spectral band difference correction calculator has been developed to characterize the relationship between a specified pair of satellite imager channels in the hyperspectral wavelength range of 240-1750 nm. These spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs) are derived by convolving hyperspectral data from the SCIAMACHY instrument with the SRFs of a reference and target sensor. The SBAF tool can be used for all combinations of instrument/channel pairs over predefined Earth spectra, intercalibration domains, or user-defined spatial domains. Options are available to the user whereby SBAFs can be subsetted by time, angle, and/or precipitable water content. To evaluate the relative spectral calibration of SCIAMACHY, comparisons of SBAFs derived from SCIAMACHY, Hyperion, and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) were performed. Using observations over the Libya 4 desert pseudoinvariant calibration site, it is shown that SCIAMACHY-based SBAFs are within 0.1%-0.3% of SBAFs derived from Hyperion or GOME-2. This result implies that spectral calibration differences, i.e., the calibration uncertainties of SCIAMACHY relative to other potential spectral sources, have a minor impact on the SBAF compared with the influence of effective parameter-based subsetting. The SCIAMACHY instrument is most suited for calculating the SBAFs, given its high spectral resolution, broad spectral range, and nearly continuous global availability. The calibration community will find this SBAF tool useful for mitigating the SRF differences that can complicate the comparison and intercalibration of visible and near-infrared sensors.
L-3-n-butylphthalide protects against vascular dementia via activation of the Akt kinase pathway

As a neuroprotective drug for the treatment of ischemic stroke, 3-n-butylphthalide, a celery seed extract, has been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China as a clinical therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke patients. L-3-n-butylphthalide possesses significant efficacy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The activated Akt kinase pathway can prevent the death of nerve cells and exhibit neuroprotective effects in the brain after stroke. This study provides the hypothesis that l-3-n-butylphthalide has a certain therapeutic effect on vascular dementia, and its mechanism depends on the activation of the Akt kinase pathway. A vascular dementia mouse model was established by cerebral repetitive ischemia/reperfusion, and intragastrically administered l-3-n-butylphthalide daily for 28 consecutive days after ischemia/reperfusion, or 7 consecutive days before ischemia/reperfusion. The Morris water maze test showed significant impairment of spatial learning and memory at 4 weeks after operation, but intragastric administration of l-3-n-butylphthalide, especially pretreatment with l-3-n-butylphthalide, significantly reversed these changes. Thionine staining and western blot analylsis showed that preventive and therapeutic application of l-3-n-butylphthalide can reduce loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region and alleviate nerve damage in mice with vascular dementia. In addition, phosphorylated Akt expression in hippocampal tissue increased significantly after l-3-n- butylphthalide treatment. Experimental findings demonstrate that l-3-n-butylphthalide has preventive and therapeutic effects on vascular dementia, and its mechanism may be mediated by upregulation of phosphorylated Akt in the hippocampus.
Protective effects of resveratrol on salivary gland damage induced by total body irradiation in rats

One of the most common acute side effects of irradiation is xerostomia, which results from damage to the salivary gland cells by direct ionization. Resveratrol is a natural compound with profound anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential protective effects of resveratrol on injury to the salivary glands of rats that were exposed to total body irradiation.
High‐Efficiency Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices Using Sensitizing Hosts with a Small Singlet–Triplet Exchange Energy

Materials with small singlet-triplet splits (ΔEST s) are introduced as sensitizing hosts to excite fluorescent dopants, breaking the trade-off between small ΔEST and high radiative decay rates. A highly efficient orange-fluorescent organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is prepared, showing a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.2%.
Finding Cyclic Frequent Itemsets

Mining various types of association rules from supermarket datasets is an important data mining problem. One similar problem involves finding frequent itemsets and then deriving rules from frequent itemsets. The supermarket data is temporal. Considering time attributes in the supermarket dataset some association rules can be extracted which may hold for a small time interval and not throughout the data gathering period. Such rules are called as local association rules and corresponding frequent itemsets as locally frequent itemsets. Mahanta et al proposes an algorithm for extracting all locally frequent itemsets where each locally frequent itemset is associated with sequence time intervals in which it is frequent. The sequence of time intervals associated with a locally frequent itemsets may exhibit some interesting properties e.g. the itemsets may be cyclic in nature. In this paper we propose an alternative method of finding such cyclic frequent itemsets. The efficacy of the method is established through experimental results.
MicroRNA 17‐5p regulates autophagy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐infected macrophages by targeting Mcl‐1 and STAT3

Autophagy plays a crucial role in the control of bacterial burden during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that regulate immune signalling and inflammation in response to challenge by pathogens. Appreciating the potential of host‐directed therapies designed to control autophagy during mycobacterial infection, we focused on the role of miRNAs in regulating M. tuberculosis‐induced autophagy in macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that M. tuberculosis infection leads to downregulation of miR‐17 and concomitant upregulation of its targets Mcl‐1 and STAT3, a transcriptional activator of Mcl‐1. Forced expression of miR‐17 reduces expression of Mcl‐1 and STAT3 and also the interaction between Mcl‐1 and Beclin‐1. This is directly linked to enhanced autophagy, because Mcl‐1 overexpression attenuates the effects of miR‐17. At the same time, transfection with a kinase‐inactive mutant of protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) (an activator of STAT3) augments M. tuberculosis‐induced autophagy, and miR‐17 overexpression diminishes phosphorylation of PKCδ, suggesting that an miR‐17/PKC δ/STAT3 axis regulates autophagy during M. tuberculosis infection.
LaRED: a large RGB-D extensible hand gesture dataset

We present the LaRED, a Large RGB-D Extensible hand gesture Dataset, recorded with an Intel's newly-developed short range depth camera. This dataset is unique and differs from the existing ones in several aspects. Firstly, the large volume of data recorded: 243, 000 tuples where each tuple is composed of a color image, a depth image, and a mask of the hand region. Secondly, the number of different classes provided: a total of 81 classes (27 gestures in 3 different rotations). Thirdly, the extensibility of dataset: the software used to record and inspect the dataset is also available, giving the possibility for future users to increase the number of data as well as the number of gestures. Finally, in this paper, some experiments are presented to characterize the dataset and establish a baseline as the start point to develop more complex recognition algorithms. The LaRED dataset is publicly available at: http://mclab.citi. sinica.edu. tw/dataset/lared/lared.html.
First Membrane Proximal External Region–Specific Anti-HIV1 Broadly Neutralizing Monoclonal IgA1 Presenting Short CDRH3 and Low Somatic Mutations

Mucosal HIV-1–specific IgA have been described as being able to neutralize HIV-1 and to block viral transcytosis. In serum and saliva, the anti-HIV IgA response is predominantly raised against the envelope of HIV-1. In this work, we describe the in vivo generation of gp41-specific IgA1 in humanized α1KI mice to produce chimeric IgA1. Mice were immunized with a conformational immunogenic gp41-transfected cell line. Among 2300 clones screened by immunofluorescence microscopy, six different gp41-specific IgA with strong recognition of gp41 were identified. Two of them have strong neutralizing activity against primary HIV-1 tier 1, 2, and 3 strains and present a low rate of somatic mutations and autoreactivity, unlike what was described for classical gp41-specific IgG. Epitopes were identified and located in the hepted repeat 2/membrane proximal external region. These Abs could be of interest in prophylactic treatment to block HIV-1 penetration in mucosa or in chronically infected patients in combination with antiretroviral therapy to reduce viral load and reservoir.
Novel Parachlamydia acanthamoebae Quantification Method Based on Coculture with Amoebae

ABSTRACT Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, belonging to the order Chlamydiales, is an obligately intracellular bacterium that infects free-living amoebae and is a potential human pathogen. However, no method exists to accurately quantify viable bacterial numbers. We present a novel quantification method for P. acanthamoebae based on coculture with amoebae. P. acanthamoebae was cultured either with Acanthamoeba spp. or with mammalian epithelial HEp-2 or Vero cells. The infection rate of P. acanthamoebae (amoeba-infectious dose [AID]) was determined by DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining and was confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. AIDs were plotted as logistic sigmoid dilution curves, and P. acanthamoebae numbers, defined as amoeba-infectious units (AIU), were calculated. During culture, amoeba numbers and viabilities did not change, and amoebae did not change from trophozoites to cysts. Eight amoeba strains showed similar levels of P. acanthamoebae growth, and bacterial numbers reached ca. 1,000-fold (109 AIU preculture) after 4 days. In contrast, no increase was observed for P. acanthamoebae in either mammalian cell line. However, aberrant structures in epithelial cells, implying possible persistent infection, were seen by transmission electron microscopy. Thus, our method could monitor numbers of P. acanthamoebae bacteria in host cells and may be useful for understanding chlamydiae present in the natural environment as human pathogens.
Trace level pesticide detection utilizing gold nanoparticles and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)

Pesticides play a critical role in protecting food crops from insects, fungi, weeds, and other unwanted pests. The increasing use of these pesticides to maintain food production and quality leads to potentially dangerous residues remaining on the food products. A rapid and non-destructive technique for trace level detection of pesticides at parts-permillion (ppm) or parts-per-billion (ppb) is surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A key feature of SERS is that it utilizes noble metal nanostructures to increase the weak Raman signals from analytes. We present a novel SERS substrate involving gold nanoparticles suspended in water that can be used to help identify four different pesticides: thiram, malathion, acetamiprid, and phosmet. To observe the desired Raman spectral signatures of these pesticides, apple skin contaminated with each chemical was swabbed and added to the colloidal gold nanoparticle suspension followed by interrogation with 785 nm laser excitation. This technique can detect each of these pesticides down to 1 part per million, where the pesticide residue tolerances on apples as established by the 2018 Code of Federal Regulations for thiram, malathion, acetamiprid, and phosmet are 5 ppm, 8 ppm, 1 ppm, and 10 ppm, respectively. The results presented here indicate that SERS is a useful tool for identifying pesticide residues on the surface of fruits for food quality and safety control.
Nerve Growth Factor Regulates the Firing Patterns and Synaptic Composition of Motoneurons

Target-derived neurotrophins exert powerful synaptotrophic actions in the adult brain and are involved in the regulation of different forms of synaptic plasticity. Target disconnection produces a profound synaptic stripping due to the lack of trophic support. Consequently, target reinnervation leads to synaptic remodeling and restoration of cellular functions. Extraocular motoneurons are unique in that they normally express the TrkA neurotrophin receptor in the adult, a feature not seen in other cranial or spinal motoneurons, except after lesions such as axotomy or in neurodegenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We investigated the effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) by retrogradely delivering this neurotrophin to abducens motoneurons of adult cats. Axotomy reduced the density of somatic boutons and the overall tonic and phasic firing modulation. Treatment with NGF restored synaptic inputs and firing modulation in axotomized motoneurons. When K252a, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase activity, was applied to specifically test TrkA effects, the NGF-mediated restoration of synapses and firing-related parameters was abolished. Discharge variability and recruitment threshold were, however, increased by NGF compared with control or axotomized motoneurons. Interestingly, these parameters returned to normal following application of REX, an antibody raised against neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR). In conclusion, NGF, acting retrogradely through TrkA receptors, supports afferent boutons and regulates the burst and tonic signals correlated with eye movements. On the other hand, p75NTR activation regulates recruitment threshold, which impacts on firing regularity. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing powerful synaptotrophic effects of NGF on motoneurons in vivo.
Numerical Investigation of Secondary Deformation Mechanisms on Plastic Deformation of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Using Viscoplastic Self-Consistent Model

Uniaxial tension and compression of AZ31 magnesium alloy were numerically investigated via the viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model to shed a light on the effect of secondary deformation mechanisms (prismatic slip, pyramidal slip, and { 10 1 ¯ 1 } contraction twinning) during plastic deformation. The method adopted in the present study used different combinations of deformation mechanisms in the VPSC modeling. In terms of the pyramidal slip, it served as the first candidate for sustaining the extra plastic strain during the plastic deformation. The improvement of activity in the pyramidal slip contributed to the increase in the mechanical response and the splitting of pole densities in { 0002 } pole figure during uniaxial tension. As for the prismatic slip, its increasing activity was not only conducive to the improvement of flow stress in mechanical response, but also responsible for the splitting of pole densities in { 0002 } pole figure during uniaxial compression. With respect to the { 10 1 ¯ 1 } contraction twinning, it had a negligible influence on the plastic deformation of AZ31 magnesium alloy in terms of the mechanical response as well as the slip and the twinning activities. However, it is better to include the { 10 1 ¯ 1 } contraction twinning in the VPSC modeling to more accurately predict the texture evolution.