Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Relationship between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and help-seeking intentions for mental illness

Objective Encouraging help-seeking for mental illness is essential for prevention of suicide. This study examined the relationship between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts and help-seeking intentions for mental illness for the purpose of elucidating the role of neighbourhood in the help-seeking process. Design, setting and participants A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among Japanese adults aged 20–59 years in June 2014. Eligible respondents who did not have a serious health condition were included in this study (n=3308). Main outcome measures Participants were asked how likely they would be to seek help from someone close to them (informal help) and medical professionals (formal help), respectively, if they were suffering from serious mental illness. Path analysis with structural equation modelling was performed to represent plausible connections between individual characteristics, neighbourhood contexts, and informal and formal help-seeking intentions. Results The acceptable fitting model indicated that those who had a tendency to consult about everyday affairs were significantly more likely to express an informal help-seeking intention that was directly associated with a formal help-seeking intention. Those living in a communicative neighbourhood, where neighbours say hello whenever they pass each other, were significantly more likely to express informal and formal help-seeking intentions. Those living in a supportive neighbourhood, where neighbours work together to solve neighbourhood problems, were significantly more likely to express an informal help-seeking intention. Adequate health literacy was directly associated with informal and formal help-seeking intentions, along with having an indirect effect on the formal help-seeking intention through developed positive perception of professional help. Conclusions The results of this study bear out the hypothesis that neighbourhood context contributes to help-seeking intentions for mental illness. Living in a neighbourhood with a communicative atmosphere and having adequate health literacy were acknowledged as possible facilitating factors for informal and formal help-seeking for mental illness.
Effects of Participation on Children's Reports: Implications for Children's Testimony.

Effects of participation on children's reports of a real-life event were examined. Same-age pairs of 4- and 7-year-olds entered a trailer occupied by an unfamiliar man. One child participated in a set of games with the man, and the other sat and watched. Ten to 12 days later, children were individuallly questioned about the event
Gender Difference in French PoliticalCommunication: From Handicap to Asset?

This article examines the promotion of gender difference by French women politicians during the 1990s debate on political parity and evaluates its usefulness as a communications strategy. It begins with a critique of differentialist assertions to establish the extent to which there is evidence that political discourse is gendered and then examines the dangers of differentialism for women's role in politics. The article shows how gender has been used in different ways to women's advantage and disadvantage, taking as examples two emblematic female politicians, Edith Cresson and Ségolène Royal. It argues that French women are caught in a double bind, whereby opposing strategies—Cresson's ‘egalitarian’ discourse or Royal's differentialist approach—are illustrative of a communications environment in which gender stereotypes prevail. The article concludes with the view that although differentialist arguments helped to get parity on to the statute books, gender remains a double-edged sword when used as part of a woman politician's self-image.
Integrative approaches to pediatric mood disorders.

Mood disorders represent an increasingly common clinical challenge in pediatric care. The movement to an integrative approach provides many benefits. First, the emphasis is on the holistic assessment of the whole child or teen. As we embrace the ecological nature of human existence, this broad perspective enables us to see the child more comprehensively and thus to treat him or her more effectively. This allows us to grasp the barriers, triggers, strengths, and challenges for each young person. The integrative practitioner focuses more on symptom pattern than on DSM diagnosis. A whole-child approach naturally de-emphasizes labels and limitations of our diagnostic system. We can fully support the self-healing capacity of the child's ecosystem as it relates to body, mind, and spirit. The integrative practitioner actively seeks to avoid risky and unproven pharmacological interventions if possible. ,This more cautious and natural approach is desired by many parents who embrace the holistic-integrative philosophy. This can be thought of as a significant and growing American subculture. As culturally sensitive practitioners, it is crucial that we work with children, teens, families, and parents within their belief systems. The last 2 decades have seen a dramatic rise in the number of children given psychiatric medications. If current rates persist, within a generation, half of American children will be taking psychiatric medication. Many reasons for this pattern exist. Integrative practitioners can offer a variety of safe and effective alternatives for the child or teen struggling with a mood disorder. The greatest benefit comes from seeing a child fulfill his or her true potential.
Channel estimation based on neural network in OFDM system for powerline communication

In this paper, channel estimation based on neural network in powerline communication is proposed and its performance is compared with LS and MMSE methods by computer simulations using mean square error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) criterias.The MSE and BER performances of neural network to estimate channel are between the LS and MMSE algorithms. MMSE algorithm yields the best performance but its complexity is high. The advantage of the use of the neural network is that the neural network yields better performance than the LS algorithm and it is less complex than the MMSE algorithm1.
Intra- and interoperator variability of lobar pulmonary volumes and emphysema scores in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and emphysema: comparison of manual and semi-automated segmentation techniques.

PURPOSE We aimed to compare the intra- and interoperator variability of lobar volumetry and emphysema scores obtained by semi-automated and manual segmentation techniques in lung emphysema patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In two sessions held three months apart, two operators performed lobar volumetry of unenhanced chest computed tomography examinations of 47 consecutive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung emphysema. Both operators used the manual and semi-automated segmentation techniques. The intra- and interoperator variability of the volumes and emphysema scores obtained by semi-automated segmentation was compared with the variability obtained by manual segmentation of the five pulmonary lobes. RESULTS The intra- and interoperator variability of the lobar volumes decreased when using semi-automated lobe segmentation (coefficients of repeatability for the first operator: right upper lobe, 147 vs. 96.3; right middle lobe, 137.7 vs. 73.4; right lower lobe, 89.2 vs. 42.4; left upper lobe, 262.2 vs. 54.8; and left lower lobe, 260.5 vs. 56.5; coefficients of repeatability for the second operator: right upper lobe, 61.4 vs. 48.1; right middle lobe, 56 vs. 46.4; right lower lobe, 26.9 vs. 16.7; left upper lobe, 61.4 vs. 27; and left lower lobe, 63.6 vs. 27.5; coefficients of reproducibility in the interoperator analysis: right upper lobe, 191.3 vs. 102.9; right middle lobe, 219.8 vs. 126.5; right lower lobe, 122.6 vs. 90.1; left upper lobe, 166.9 vs. 68.7; and left lower lobe, 168.7 vs. 71.6). The coefficients of repeatability and reproducibility of emphysema scores also decreased when using semi-automated segmentation and had ranges that varied depending on the target lobe and selected threshold of emphysema. CONCLUSION Semi-automated segmentation reduces the intra- and interoperator variability of lobar volumetry and provides a more objective tool than manual technique for quantifying lung volumes and severity of emphysema.
Forward collision resolution - A technique for random multiple-access to the adder channel

Consider M-Choose-T communications: T users or less, out of M potential users, are chosen at random to simultaneously transmit binary data over a common channel. A method for constructing codes that achieve error-free M-Choose-T communication over the noiseless adder channel (AC), at a nominal rate of 1/T bits per channel symbol per active user, is described and an efficient decoding procedure is presented. The use of such codes is referred to as forward collision resolution (FCR), as it enables correct decoding of collided messages without retransmissions. For any given T a code is available that yields a stable throughput arbitrarily close to 1 message/slot. Furthermore, if the occurrence of collisions is made known to the transmitters, such a throughput can be maintained for arbitrary T,T >
Optimal splitters for temporal and multi-version databases

Temporal and multi-version databases are ideal candidates for a distributed store, which offers large storage space, and parallel and distributed processing power from a cluster of (commodity) machines. A key challenge is to achieve a good load balancing algorithm for storage and processing of these data, which is done by partitioning the database. We introduce the concept of optimal splitters for temporal and multi-version databases, which induce a partition of the input data set, and guarantee that the size of the maximum bucket be minimized among all possible configurations, given a budget for the desired number of buckets. We design efficient methods for memory- and disk resident data respectively, and show that they significantly outperform competing baseline methods both theoretically and empirically on large real data sets.
Specific adeno‐associated virus serotypes facilitate efficient gene transfer into human and non‐human primate mesenchymal stromal cells

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show great promise for ex vivo gene and cell‐mediated therapies. The immunophenotype and in vitro differentiation capacity of primary baboon MSCs was demonstrated to be near‐identical to that observed in human MSCs. To optimize gene transfer efficiency, we compared the efficiency of serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) vectors for their ability to mediate transduction of human and baboon MSCs. AAV serotype 2 vectors were the most efficient in transducing MSCs from humans and baboons. As a reference, human Ad293 cells were transduced with these seven AAV serotypes, and were found to have the highest transduction levels followed by baboon MSCs, and then human MSCs. The order of increasing transduction efficiency for the serotypes tested was similar for human and baboon MSCs, but was different for human Ad293 cells. The transduction efficiency of MSCs isolated from different individuals was comparable within the same species. We also demonstrated that baboon MSCs transduced with AAV serotype 2 vectors retain their potential to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro, and can incorporate into injured muscle tissue of NODSCID mice in vivo. We detected β‐galactosidase reporter gene expression in host muscle tissue for up to 9 weeks in this study, indicating engraftment of transduced baboon MSCs and sustained transgene expression in vivo. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensor fusion for 3D human body tracking with an articulated 3D body model

This paper proposes a tracking system called VooDoo for 3D tracking of human body movements based on a 3D body model and the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm. The proposed approach is able to incorporate raw data from different input sensors, as well as results from feature trackers in 2D or 3D. All input data is processed within the same model fitting step by modeling all input measurements in 3D model space. The system has been implemented and runs in realtime at appr. 10-14 Hz. Experiments with complex human movements exhibit the characteristics and advantages of the proposed approach
Chorein‐sensitive polymerization of cortical actin and suicidal cell death in chorea‐acanthocytosis

Chorea‐acanthocytosis is an inevitably lethal genetic disease characterized by a progressive hyperkinetic movement disorder and cognitive and behavioral abnormalities as well as acanthocytosis. The disease is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of the gene encoding vacuolar protein sorting‐associated protein 13A (VPS13A) or chorein, a protein with unknown function expressed in various cell types. How chorein deficiency leads to the pathophysiology of chorea‐acanthocytosis remains enigmatic. Here we show decreased phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase (PI3K)‐p85‐subunit phosphorylation, ras‐related C3 botunlinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activity, and p21 protein‐activated kinase 1 (PAK1) phosphorylation as well as depolymerized cortical actin in erythrocytes from patients with chorea‐acanthocytosis and in K562‐erythrocytic cells following chorein silencing. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, Rac1, or PAK1 similarly triggered actin depolymerization. Moreover, in K562 cells, both chorein silencing and PAK1 inhibition with IPA‐3 decreased phosphorylation of Bad, a Bcl2‐associated protein, promoting apoptosis by forming mitochondrial pores, followed by mitochondrial depolarization, DNA fragmentation, and phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface, all hallmarks of apoptosis. Our observations reveal chorein as a novel powerful regulator of cytoskeletal architecture and cell survival, thus explaining erythrocyte misshape and possibly neurodegeneration in chorea‐acanthocytosis. —Föller, M. , Hermann, A. , Gu, S. , Alesutan, I. , Qadri, S. M. , Borst, O. , Schmidt, E. ‐M. , Schiele, F. , Müller vom Hagen, J., Saft, C. , Schöls, L. , Lerche, H. , Stournaras, C. , Storch, A. , Lang, F. Chorein‐sensitive polymerization of cortical actin and suicidal cell death in chorea‐acanthocytosis. FASEB J. 26, 1526–1534 (2012). www.fasebj. org
The Rate and Delay in Overload: An Investigation of Communication Overload and Channel Synchronicity on Identification and Job Satisfaction

This study investigates the relationship between communication overload and uses of diverse communication channels in terms of their level of synchronicity. Emphasis on the synchronicity of any given channel reveals how temporal elements (i.e., rate and processing time) play an important role in perceptions of communication load. Additionally, this study examines the association between communication overload, organizational identification and job satisfaction. Findings reveal: (a) both high and low synchronous channels are associated with increased reports of communication overload; (b) a mediating effect of organizational identification on the relationship between communication overload and job satisfaction; and (c) a moderating effect of communication overload on the relationship between low synchronous channels and organizational identification.
Spatial Targeting for Bovine Tuberculosis Control: Can the Locations of Infected Cattle Be Used to Find Infected Badgers?

Bovine tuberculosis is a disease of historical importance to human health in the UK that remains a major animal health and economic issue. Control of the disease in cattle is complicated by the presence of a reservoir species, the Eurasian badger. In spite of uncertainty in the degree to which cattle disease results from transmission from badgers, and opposition from environmental groups, culling of badgers has been licenced in two large areas in England. Methods to limit culls to smaller areas that target badgers infected with TB whilst minimising the number of uninfected badgers culled is therefore of considerable interest. Here, we use historical data from a large-scale field trial of badger culling to assess two alternative hypothetical methods of targeting TB-infected badgers based on the distribution of cattle TB incidents: (i) a simple circular ‘ring cull’; and (ii) geographic profiling, a novel technique for spatial targeting of infectious disease control that predicts the locations of sources of infection based on the distribution of linked cases. Our results showed that both methods required coverage of very large areas to ensure a substantial proportion of infected badgers were removed, and would result in many uninfected badgers being culled. Geographic profiling, which accounts for clustering of infections in badger and cattle populations, produced a small but non-significant increase in the proportion of setts with TB-infected compared to uninfected badgers included in a cull. It also provided no overall improvement at targeting setts with infected badgers compared to the ring cull. Cattle TB incidents in this study were therefore insufficiently clustered around TB-infected badger setts to design an efficient spatially targeted cull; and this analysis provided no evidence to support a move towards spatially targeted badger culling policies for bovine TB control.
Modulation of immune function by dietary fatty acids

All mammals can synthesize fatty acids de novo from acetylCoA. The endproduct of the fatty acid synthetase (EC 2.3.1.85)enzymeispalmiticacid(l6: 0), whichinturncanbe elongated to stearic acid (1 8 : 0). There is little need for the synthesis of saturated fatty acids in Western man, since the diet normally supplies adequate amounts. However, cell membranes require unsaturated fatty acids to maintain their structure, fluidity and function; therefore, a mechanism for the introduction of double bonds (i.e. desaturation) exists. The introduction of a single double bond between C-9 and C10 is catalysed by the enzyme A'-desaturase, which is universally present in both plants and animals. This enzyme results in the conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid (18: ln-9). Plants, unlike animals, can insert additional double bonds into oleic acid between the existing double bond at the C-9 position and the methyl terminus of the C chain; a A12-desaturase converts oleic acid into linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) while a A15-desaturase converts linoleic acid into a-linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3). Since animal tissues are unable to synthesize linoleic and alinolenic acids, these fatty acids must be consumed in the diet and so are termed essential fatty acids. Using the pathway outlined in Fig. 1, animal cells can convert dietary a-linolenic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 51-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22 : 6n-3); by a similar series of reactions dietary linoleic acid is converted via y-linolenic (18 : 3n-6) and dihomo-y-linolenic (20 : 3n-6) acids to arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6). The n-9, n-6 and n-3 families of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are not metabolically interconvertible in mammals. Many marine plants, especially the unicellular algae in phytoplankton, also carry out chain elongation and further desaturation of a-linolenic acid to yield the long-chain n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic. It is the formation of these long-chain n-3 PUFA by marine algae and their transfer through the food chain to fish that accounts for their abundance in some marine fish oils.
Fetal DNA clearance from maternal plasma is impaired in preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND Increased fetal DNA in maternal plasma/serum has been reported in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia. We hypothesized that impaired clearance of fetal DNA might contribute, at least in part, to the above-mentioned phenomenon. METHODS We studied 7 preeclamptic and 10 control pregnant women. All had male fetuses. Serial blood samples were obtained from before delivery to 6 h postpartum. Male fetal DNA in maternal plasma was measured by real-time quantitative PCR for the SRY gene on the Y chromosome. RESULTS The median fetal DNA concentrations before delivery were significantly higher in the preeclamptic women than in the controls (521 vs 227 genome-equivalents/mL for preeclamptic and control women, respectively; Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, P = 0.017). The median fetal DNA concentrations at 6 h after delivery were also significantly different between the two groups (208 vs 0 genome-equivalents/mL for preeclamptic and control women, respectively; Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, P = 0.002). A first-order clearance model was found to best describe the kinetics of maternal plasma fetal DNA clearance. Moreover, we observed a significant difference in the median apparent clearance half-lives of fetal DNA between the preeclamptic women (114 min) and controls (28 min; Mann-Whitney rank-sum test, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first documentation of impaired fetal DNA clearance from maternal plasma in preeclampsia. Such an abnormality in circulating DNA clearance may also be present in other medical conditions associated with quantitative aberrations in circulating DNA concentrations.
Effective capacity of a correlated Rayleigh fading channel

The next generation wireless networks call for quality of service (QoS) support. The effective capacity (EC) proposed by Wu and Negi provides a powerful tool for the design of QoS provisioning mechanisms. In their previous work, Wu and Negi derived a formula for effective capacity of a Rayleigh fading channel with arbitrary Doppler spectrum. However, their paper did not provide simulation results to verify the accuracy of the EC formula derived in their paper. This is due to difficulty in simulating a Rayleigh fading channel with a Doppler spectrum of continuous frequency, required by the EC formula. To address this difficulty, we develop a verification methodology based on a new discrete-frequency EC formula; different from the EC formula developed by Wu and Negi, our new discrete-frequency EC formula can be used in practice. Through simulation, we verify that the EC formula developed by Wu and Negi is accurate. Furthermore, to facilitate the application of the EC theory to the design of practical QoS provisioning mechanisms in wireless networks, we propose a spectral-estimation-based algorithm to estimate the EC function, given channel measurements; we also analyze the effect of spectral estimation error on the accuracy of EC estimation. Simulation results show that our proposed spectral-estimation-based EC estimation algorithm is accurate, indicating the excellent practicality of our algorithm. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate social accounting disclosure in Thailand

Little is known of the actualities or possibilities of corporate social reporting in Thailand. This study aims to move towards an appreciation of this neglected but important area. This survey focuses on the annual reports of Thai companies, and thereby contributes to a tradition of related prior empirical work upon corporate social accounting practices which has to date largely focused upon English‐speaking and Western contexts. Its concern is to gain insights into and to critically appraise various dimensions of these annual reports, so as to construct a critique of corporate social disclosure in Thailand. Pursuing a critical perspective sensitive to the context of Thailand, it is concluded that the various aspects of the Thai accounting disclosure that are analysed are disabling, and more generally that the Thai practices explored fall short of their potential to function as enabling communication.