Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INVITED PAPER Special Section on Analog Circuits and Related SoC Integration Technologies Built-In Measurements in Low-Cost Digital-RF Transceivers

SUMMARY Digital RF solutions have been shown to be advantageous in various design aspects, such as accurate modeling, design reuse, and scaling when migrating to the next CMOS process node. Consequently, the majority of new low-cost and feature cell phones are now based on this approach. However, another equally important aspect of this approach to wireless transceiver SoC design, which is instrumental in allowing fast and low-cost productization, is in creating the inherent capability to assess performance and allow for low-cost built-in calibration and compensation, as well as characterization and final-testing. These internal capabilities can often rely solely on the SoCs existing processing resources, representing a zero cost adder, requiring only the development of the appropriate algorithms. This paper presents various examples of built-in measurements that have been demonstrated in wireless transceivers offered by Texas Instruments in recent years, based on the digital-RF processor (DRP TM ) technology, and highlights the importance of the various types presented; built-in self-calibration and compensation, built-in self-characterization, and builtin self-testing (BiST). The accompanying statistical approach to the design and productization of such products is also discussed, and fundamental
Spaceborne soil moisture estimation at high resolution: a microwave-optical/IR synergistic approach

An approach is evaluated for the estimation of soil moisture at high resolution using satellite microwave and optical/infrared (IR) data. This approach can be applied to data acquired by the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Sensor Suite (VIIRS) and a Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS), planned for launch in the 2009–2010 time frame under the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). The approach for soil moisture estimation involves two steps. In the first step, a passive microwave remote sensing technique is employed to estimate soil moisture at low resolution (∼25 km). This involves use of a simplified radiative transfer model to invert dual-polarized microwave brightness temperature. In the second step, the microwave-derived low-resolution soil moisture is linked to the scene optical/IR parameters, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface albedo, and Land Surface Temperature (LST). The linking is based on the ‘Universal Triangle’ approach of relating land surface parameters to soil moisture. The optical/IR parameters are available at high resolution (∼1 km) but are aggregated to the microwave resolution for the purpose of building the linkage model. The linkage model in conjunction with high-resolution NDVI, surface albedo and LST is then used to disaggregate microwave soil moisture into high-resolution soil moisture. The technique is applied to data from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) acquired for the Southern Great Plains (SGP-97) experiment conducted in Oklahoma in June–July 1997. An error budget analysis performed on the estimation procedure shows that the rms error in the estimation of soil moisture is of the order of 5%. Predicted soil moisture results at high resolution agree reasonably well with low resolution results in both magnitude and spatio-temporal patterns. The high resolution results are also compared with in situ (0–5 cm deep) point measurements. While the trends are similar, the soil moisture estimates in the two cases are different. Issues involving comparison of satellite derived soil moisture with in situ point measurements are also discussed.
Using dialogue corpora to train a chatbot

This paper presents two chatbot systems, ALICE and Elizabeth, illustrating the dialogue knowledge representation and pattern matching techniques of each. We discuss the problems which arise when using the Dialogue Diversity Corpus to retrain a chatbot system with human dialogue examples. A Java program to convert from dialog transcript to AIML format provides a basic implementation of corpusbased chatbot training. We conclude that dialogue researchers should adopt clearer standards for transcription and markup format in dialogue corpora to be used in training a chatbot system more effectively.
Case Study of the Neptune Project: Cascade Microtech Applies Its Measurement Technology to the Emerging Life Sciences Market

Cascade Microtech, a market leader in advanced electrical metrology systems for semiconductors has discovered the potential in this market and recently began a project to survey the industry to find a way to address the market with a new product initiative. This project has culminated in the release of a new product targeted at the microfluidics research market, a segment of the life sciences industry. The topic of this report is a case study of the process by which Cascade Microtech researched, identified, developed, and introduced a new product into a new market that resulted in a discontinuous innovation in life sciences research. Specifically, the company applied components of its core technology for the semiconductor industry to the very young microfluidics research market
Morpheme Segmentation Gold Standards for Finnish and English

This document describes Hutmegs, the Helsinki University of Technology Morphological Evaluation Gold Standard package, which contains gold-standard morphological segmentations for 1.4 million Finnish and 120 000 English words. The Gold Standards comprise surface-string, or allomorph, segmentations of word forms, as well as deep-level, or morpheme, segmentations of the words. The segmentations have been produced semi-automatically and are based on existing resources: the two-level morphological analyzer for Finnish (FINTWOL) and the English CELEX database. For some cases where the transition between two morphemes does not appear clear-cut, so called “fuzzy morpheme boundaries” have been marked as an option. The Hutmegs package also contains some evaluation scripts allowing the user to compute the accuracy compared to the Gold Standard of a segmentation produced by some morphologylearning algorithm. The use of Hutmegs is free for academic purposes, but in order to access the gold-standard segmentations, inexpensive licenses must be purchased from Lingsoft Inc. (for Finnish) and the Linguistic Data Consortium (for English).
Two-dimensional resistivity surveys of the moisture content of historic limestone walls in Oxford, UK: implications for understanding catastrophic stone deterioration

Abstract Catastrophic deterioration of limestone facades occurs where areas of stonework become rapidly hollowed out. It affects many historic buildings in Oxford, especially where soot-rich gypsum crusts have accumulated. In order to understand the processes of catastrophic deterioration we need to understand the microenvironmental conditions, especially the moisture distributions in the deteriorating walls. Geoelectric methods, in the form of two-dimensional (2D) resistivity surveys, have been used to study the distribution and amount of water stored in deteriorating limestone walls within the historic centre of Oxford. Fifteen vertical profiles, each 2–2.5 m in length, have been monitored at five sites using 50 medical electrodes and GeoTom equipment. Calculated moisture contents and distributions are presented for those profiles that extend up to 40 cm into the wall. The data indicate the diversity and complexity of moisture distributions within these often heterogeneous walls, which have also had long histories of decay and conservation. Replacement stone patches show consistently higher moisture conditions than the surrounding stone. Most profiles indicate the presence of wetter patches 5–10 cm behind the wall face under blackened crusts. Catastrophically decayed sections of profiles often exhibit wetter near-surface conditions than surrounding stonework, whilst areas with shallow but active decay are often much drier than surrounding crusted stone. In conclusion, the results give preliminary confirmation of a simple model of catastrophic decay and illustrate the complexity of moisture regimes in historic walls.
Enhanced Channel Estimation Using Superimposed Training Based on Universal Basis Expansion

In this correspondence, an approach to enhance the quality of superimposed training (ST) based channel estimation procedures is proposed. The approach is based on postprocessing the estimated channel. This postprocessing is performed with the projection of the estimated channel onto a set of orthogonal functions known as the Universal Basis (UB), that were defined in [A. G. Orozco-Lugo, R. Parra-Michel, D. McLernon, and V. Kontorovitch, ldquoEnhancing the Performance of the CR Blind Channel Estimation Algorithm Using the Karhunen-Loeve Expansion,rdquo Proceedings of the ICASSP, May 2002, pp. III-2653-III-2656 ]. The projection leads to improved channel estimation when compared to raw ST methods. We demonstrate the enhanced performance of the proposed technique by means of both theoretical formulas and simulation results, focusing on data dependent ST.
Observational and theoretical study of squall line evolution, An

OF DISSERTATION AN OBSERVATIONAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY OF SQUALL LINE EVOLUTION This study documents a class of squall lines that appears to be approximately two-dimensional, has a solid leading edge echo during a portion of its life cycle, and has line-normal flow characterized by a continuous zone of negative horizontal vorticity that slopes upward from the leading edge to the rear of the storm. Structure and evolution are established using Doppler radar observations of a number of storms at unprecedented temporal resolution. It is shown that squall lines of this type evolve through identifiable stages of reflectivity structure. This evolution appears to be strongly related to changes that occur in the kinematic structure. As a typical system evolves, the rearward-sloping zone of horizontal vorticity, which is predominantly associated with vertical shear, develops on the scale of the system, presumably driven by the horizontal buoyancy gradients across the system. The vorticity that is generated allows further generation to take place by causing the superposition of a saturated, precipitating anvil cloud aloft over potentially cooler air below in the trailing region. The rearward-sloping vorticity zone gradually tilts toward the horizontal. The rate at which this zone tilts seems to be the primary difference between the systems studied. To a first approximation, the inflow streamlines parallel the sloping vorticity zone, so as it approaches a horizontal slope, vertical motion becomes smaller. Eventually, convective-scale ascent ceases, giving the impression that the gust front has surged out ahead of the precipitation. To gain understanding of the dynamics of this class of squall lines, this study explores the role of horizontal vorticity, and the means through which the environment influences the rate of tilting and hence the time scale of evolution. The observed generation of vorticity in six systems is discussed and compared to earlier theories for squall line longevity. Motivated by these observations, a new theory is developed which attempts to explain squall line evolution, and the possibility of steadiness, as a function of an environment that has both upper and lower shear regions. Predictions based on the theory are compared to the new observations, as well as other observed and numerically simulated squall lines. Erik Nels Rasmussen Atmospheric Science Department Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523 Spring 1992
Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia

We present reconstructions of Northern and Southern Hemisphere mean surface temperature over the past two millennia based on high‐resolution ‘proxy’ temperature data which retain millennial‐scale variability. These reconstructions indicate that late 20th century warmth is unprecedented for at least roughly the past two millennia for the Northern Hemisphere. Conclusions for the Southern Hemisphere and global mean temperature are limited by the sparseness of available proxy data in the Southern Hemisphere at present.
High performance Intra-task parallelization of Multiple Sequence Alignments on CUDA-compatible GPUs

In a Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA), homologous residues are aligned together among a set of biological sequence. It is an extension of single pair-wise alignment and usually used to infer evolutionary relationships in sets of species. Traditionally, high quality MSAs were produced by expert biologists, but this work is very tedious and trivial. Automatic MSA approaches have been proposed and some popular tools have been developed and used widely for phylogenetic analysis. However, the application of MSAs needs expensive computation as its computing requirements grow quadratically with the size and the number of the sequences to be aligned. This paper presents a GPU-based multi-threaded implementation of Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs). In particular, an improved strategy is specified for Intra-task parallelization approach. The proposed approach resulted in around 20× speedup on an NVidia GeForce 8800GTX GPU compared to a MSAs software program (ClustalW) running on Mac Pro machine with a single Intel Xeon 2.66 GHz CPU core.
Physicochemical and biological influences on sedimentary‐fabric formation in a salinity and oxygen‐restricted semi‐enclosed sea: Gotland Deep, Baltic Sea

Two ca 8000 year long sediment cores from the Gotland Deep, the central sub‐basin of the Baltic Sea, were studied by means of digital images, X‐radiographs and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray mineralogical analysis to gain understanding of the physicochemical and biological influences on sedimentary‐fabric formation in modern and ancient seas with a high flux of organic carbon, and associated oxygen stress and depauperate ichnofauna. Four lithofacies were recognized: (i) sharply laminated mud; (ii) biodeformed mud; (iii) burrow‐mottled mud; and (iv) sedimentation‐event bed. The sharply laminated and burrow‐mottled facies dominate the cores as alternating long intervals, whereas the biodeformed and sedimentation‐event facies occur as thin interbeds within the sharply laminated intervals. The sharply laminated mud comprises alternating diatom‐rich and lithic laminae, with occasional Mn‐carbonate laminae. Lamination discontinuity horizons within the laminites, where the regular lamination is overlain sharply by gently inclined lamination, challenge the traditional view of mud accumulation by settling from suspension, but indicate localized accumulation by particle‐trapping microbial mats and, potentially, by the rapid lateral accretion of mud from bedload transport. The biodeformed interbeds record brief (few years to few decades) oxic–dysoxic conditions that punctuated the anoxic background conditions and permitted sediment‐surface grazing and feeding by a very immature benthic community restricted to the surface mixed tier. The likely biodeformers were meiofauna and nectobenthic pioneers passively imported with currents. The sedimentation‐event interbeds are distal mud turbidites deposited from turbidity currents probably triggered by severe storms on the adjacent coastal areas. The turbidite preservation was favoured by the anoxic background conditions. The long burrow‐mottled intervals are characterized by intensely bioturbated fabrics with discrete Planolites, rare Arenicolites/Polykladichnus and very rare Lockeia trace fossils, as well as bivalve biodeformational structures which represent shallowly penetrating endobenthic feeding and grazing strategies and permanent dwellings. These burrowed intervals represent longer periods (several years to few centuries) of oxic–dysoxic conditions that permitted maturation in the benthos by means of larval settling of opportunistic worm‐like macrofauna and bivalves, resulting in the development of a transition tier. These observations imply more dynamic and oxic depositional conditions in Gotland Deep than previously thought. Comparison to previous zoobenthic studies in the area allowed discussion of the benthic dynamics, and the identification of probable biodeforming and trace‐producing species. Implications for current biofacies and trace‐fossil models are discussed.
Research and Implementation of Online Judgment System Based on Micro Service

Since the OJ (Online Judgment) system began to be used, the Internet has continued to develop as demand. As a result, higher requirements are placed on the function, performance and scalability of the system. Based in part on the shortcomings of the existing OJ system, this paper puts forward the research and implementation of a kind of OJ system based on micro service; Expounds on the functions and related knowledge of the system; Gives the implementation method, and describes in detail the two key technologies used to deal with malicious code and high concurrency. The system uses the judge machine as a stand-alone module. This module creates micro services using Docker, ensures system security through Docker isolation and runtime and memory limitations, implements Docker Monitoring and system load balancing using Consul, Haproxy, Telegraf and elastic scripts. After the test system is running, the effect is good. The system has certain guiding significance for practical application.
Do caregiving burden and satisfaction predict loneliness in older care recipients?

Objectives: The goal of this study was to assess the extent to which caregiving burden and satisfaction of primary family caregivers in Israel predict loneliness among their older care recipients. Method: The study included a convenience sample of 325 dyads of respondents. The short version of Zarit Caregiving Burden Interview and Lawton Caregiving Appraisal measures were used to assess caregiving burden and satisfaction; the de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was used to assess care recipient's loneliness. Results: The results showed that greater caregiving burden was significantly correlated with increased loneliness, whereas greater caregiving satisfaction was significantly correlated with lower levels of loneliness. Conclusion: The literature has broadly addressed the association between caregiving burden and satisfaction and the caregivers’ well-being, whereas this association with regard to care recipients’ well-being has been barely examined. The multivariate analyses showed that caregiving burden was insignificant in explaining loneliness, whereas greater caregiving satisfaction was found significant in explaining lower levels of loneliness. The results and implications for further research and practice are discussed.
Design of polynomial fuzzy controller for depth control of autonomous underwater vehicles

The motion control of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system is a very challenging issue because of the high nonlinearity, strong coupling and time-varying property. A novel polynomial fuzzy model based (PFMB) output feedback controller is proposed in this paper, which enables the AUV to achieve the desired depth quickly and stably. Specifically, a polynomial fuzzy model of AUV is constructed by considering the interaction between velocities in each direction and ensuring the pitch angle within a safe range in practical applications. Then an output feedback control strategy, based on the Lyapunov stability theory and sum of squares (SOS) approach, is designed and verified. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed controller.
Solving Multi-Mode Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problems by a Simple , General and Powerful Sequeacing Algorithm . Part I : Theory

In this paper we present an exact Solution procedura of the branch-and-bound type for solving the muti-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem. The simplicity of the enumeration scheme enables a compact representation of the current state of the search process. This representation can be employed to formulate and prove search tree reduction schemes which highly increase the Performance of the algorithm. Among the benefits of the approach are ease of description, ease of Implementation, ease of generalization, and, additionally, superior Performance of the exact approach as well as reasonable heuristic capabilities of the truncated method. The procedure has been coded in C and implemented on a personal Computer as well as on a Work­ station. In the second part of the paper we present the results of our experimental investigations. The experimental results obtained by using the Standard project generator ProGen demonstrate a superior Performance of the exact and heuristic approach. The size of the instances that can be solved to optimality has been nearly doubled.
Effect of Food Restriction on Adipose Tissue in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Fatty Rats

Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-fa/fa (SDT fatty) rat is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. SDT fatty rat exhibits obesity associated with hyperphagia. In this study, SDT fatty rats were subjected to pair-feeding with SDT-+/+ (SDT) rats from 6 to 22 weeks of age. The ratio of visceral fat weight to subcutaneous fat weight (V/S) decreased at 12 weeks of age in the pair-feeding rats. The intraperitoneal fat weight such as epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weight decreased, whereas mesenteric fat weight had no change. Cell size of the epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats tended to decrease. Glucose oxidation level in epididymal fat in the pair-feeding rats at 12 weeks of age was recovered to a similar level with that in SDT rats. These results indicated that SDT fatty rat is a useful model to evaluate the functional or the morphological features in adipose tissue and develop a novel drug for antiobesity.
Computing Shear Flow and Sludge Blanket in Secondary Clarifiers

Recent developments in computing turbulent and buoyant flow in sedimentation tanks are introduced. The test case is a circular, center-feed secondary clarifier with inclined bottom and central sludge withdrawal. Axisymmetry is assumed, and the flow and settling processes are modeled in a radial section by using the \ik-e turbulence model on a two-dimensional, nonorthogonal grid. The computation domain includes the sludge blanket where the viscosity is affected by the rheological behavior of the sludge. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the sensitivity of the flow and concentration fields to parameters that characterize (1) the rheological properties of highly concentrated regions; (2) the settling of sludge; and (3) the effect of stratification on the turbulent diffusion. The overall appearance of the fields proves to be similar, whereas the regions of high velocities and high gradients are strongly affected by using different parameters or approaches on rheology, settling, and diffusive transport, resulting in different sludge blanket heights.