Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brazilian P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 rotavirus strains: Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis

Rotavirus epidemiological surveys with molecular analysis of strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. Twenty‐nine human rotavirus strains detected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1986 to 2004 were characterized as P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 genotypes. The VP7 genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Strains of genotype G1 revealed two distinct lineages, G1‐3 and G1‐4; strains of genotype G2 grouped in lineage G2‐1; G5 strains clustered with other Brazilians G5 strains and G9 strains were closely related to each other in lineage G9‐3, distinct from the original G9 strains detected in 1980s. The VP4 genes were analyzed and P[8] strains fell into two major genetic lineages, P[8]‐2 and P[8]‐3. Our findings document an intragenotype diversity represented by lineages and sublineages within rotavirus circulating in Rio de Janeiro from 1986 to 2004, before application of a vaccine (Rotarix®) in Brazil. This report emphasizes the importance of continuing monitor genotypes to verify if uncommon strains or newly strains are emerging to be specifically addressed in future vaccine trials. J. Med. Virol. 79:995‐1001, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Social support patterns of collegiate athletes before and after injury.

CONTEXT Social support has been identified as an important factor in facilitating recovery from injury. However, no previous authors have prospectively assessed the change in social support patterns before and after injury. OBJECTIVE To examine the preinjury and postinjury social support patterns among male and female collegiate athletes. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING A Big Ten Conference university. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 256 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I male and female collegiate athletes aged 18 or older from 13 sports teams. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Injury incidence was identified using the Sports Injury Monitoring System. Social support was measured using the 6-item Social Support Questionnaire. Data on preinjury and postinjury social support patterns were compared. RESULTS Male athletes reported more sources of social support than female athletes, whereas female athletes had greater satisfaction with the support they received. Athletes' social support patterns changed after they became injured. Injured athletes reported relying more on coaches (P = .003), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P = .003) for social support after they became injured. Athletes also reported greater postinjury satisfaction with social support received from friends (P = .019), coaches (P = .001), athletic trainers (P < .0001), and physicians (P = .003). CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify an urgent need to better define the psychosocial needs of injured athletes and also strongly suggest that athletic trainers have a critical role in meeting these needs.
Methodological challenges associated with patient responses to follow-up longitudinal surveys regarding quality of care.

OBJECTIVE To illustrate, using empirical data, methodological challenges associated with patient responses to longitudinal surveys regarding the quality of process of care and health status, including overall response rate, differential response rate, and stability of responses with time. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Primary patient self-report data were collected from 30,308 patients in 1996 and 13,438 patients in 1998 as part of a two-year longitudinal study of quality of care and health status of patients receiving care delivered by 63 physician organizations (physician groups) across three West Coast states. STUDY DESIGN We analyzed longitudinal, observational data collected by Pacific Business Group on Health (PBGH) from patients aged 18-70 using a four-page survey in 1996 and a similar survey in 1998 to assess health status, satisfaction, use of services, and self-reported process of care. A subset of patients with self-reported chronic disease in the 1996 study received an enriched survey in 1998 to more fully detail processes of care for patients with chronic disease. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS We measured response rate overall and separately for patients with chronic disease. Logistic regression was used to assess the impact of 1996 predictors on response to the follow-up 1998 survey. We compared process of care scores without and with nonresponse weights. Additionally, we measured stability of patient responses over time using percent agreement and kappa statistics, and examined rates of gender inconsistencies reported across the 1996 and 1998 surveys. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In 1998, response rates were 54 percent overall and 63 percent for patients with chronic disease. Patient demographics, health status, use of services, and satisfaction with care in 1996 were all significant predictors of response in 1998, highlighting the importance of analytic strategies (i.e., application of nonresponse weights) to minimize bias in estimates of care and outcomes associated with longitudinal quality of care and health outcome analyses. Process of care scores weighted for nonresponse differed from unweighted scores (p<.001). Stability of responses across time was moderate, but varied by survey item from fair to excellent. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal analyses involving the collection of data from the same patients at two points in time provide opportunities for analysis of relationships between process and outcomes of care that cannot occur with cross-sectional data. We present empirical results documenting the scope of the problems and discuss options for responding to these challenges. With increasing emphasis in the United States on quality reporting and use of financial incentives for quality in the health care market, it is important to identify and address methodological challenges that potentially threaten the validity of quality-of-care assessments.
Optimization of the cytokine secretion assay for human IL‐2 in single and combination assays

The cytokine secretion assay identifies live cytokine‐secreting cells by capturing the secreted cytokine on a surface‐bound capture antibody in dilute suspension culture, followed by detection with a fluorescent anti‐cytokine antibody. However, examining the kinetics of cytokine detection revealed that IL‐2 staining reached a maximum at early times and then declined, whereas staining for other cytokines including interferon (IFNγ) increased for up to 90 min. The decline in IL‐2 staining could have been due to rapid cessation of cytokine synthesis, coupled with internalization of cytokine/antibody complexes from the cell surface. Consistent with this model, addition of the anti‐IL‐2 detection antibody during the cytokine secretion step resulted in higher and more sustained staining. This modified method enhanced staining of IL‐2 and IL‐4, but not IFNγ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), or IL‐5. However, the longer secretion times possible in the modified assay also improved detection of other cytokines in multi‐cytokine combinations. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Transmission line model with frequency dependency and propagation effects: A model order reduction and state-space approach

A new and comprehensive transmission line model for the study of power systems electro-magnetic transients based on a highly effective model order reduction, is presented in this paper. The model takes the form of a state-space representation and differs fundamentally from the well-known family of transmission line model based on the wave-travelling concept. The core principles of the model order reduction procedure are the application of singular approximations, balancing-free square-roots and the computation of projection matrices. Grammian factors in combination with a Cholesky factorization are applied to the solution of the Lyapunov equations and, hence, to the calculation of the projection matrices. Commensurate with state-of-the-art transmission line models for the study of electromagnetic transients, the new model includes full frequency dependency, propagation effects and geometric imbalances.While its frequency dependency characteristic is modelled using a set of parallel RL branches, the long-line effects are incorporated by discretizing its distributed parameters with respect to the line distance. Newtonpsilas method is used to fit the set of parallel RL branches and Singular Value Decomposition is employed to solve cases where the Jacobian becomes ill-conditioned. The effectiveness of the proposed transmission line model is demonstrated using a non-transposed version of the Jaguara-Taquaril three-phase transmission line system.
Minni and Muninn. Memory in Medieval Nordic Culture

jan alexander van nahl scripta islandica 66 2015. pdf the icelandic sagas and saga landscapes writing. skald definition of skald by medical dictionary. pdf minni and muninn memory in medieval nordic culture. ways to explore undergraduate advising resources and support. minnis meaning and origin of the name minnis nameaning net. introduction minni and muninn memory in medieval nordic. staff professor stefan brink phd frse. history research output the university of aberdeen. stephen mitchell harvard university ma harvard. department of anglo saxon norse and celtic. minni and muninn memory in medieval nordic culture book. constructing the past jstor. pensum læringskrav vms2102 høst 2019 universitetet i. terry gunnell scripta islandica 66 2015. gateway courses sample department suggested and or. stephen a mitchell online shopping for. saga book. hugin and munin norse mythology for smart people. learning from the past to understand the present 536 ad. prof drkate heslop. minni and muninn memory in medieval nordic culture. a global history of literature and the environment edited. kennings in mind and memory duo. recension av minni and
Variation in the shape and mechanical performance of the lower jaws in ceratopsid dinosaurs (Ornithischia, Ceratopsia)

Ceratopsidae represents a group of quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs that inhabited western North America and eastern Asia during the Late Cretaceous. Although horns and frills of the cranium are highly variable across species, the lower jaw historically has been considered to be relatively conservative in morphology. Here, the lower jaws from 58 specimens representing 21 ceratopsoid taxa were sampled, using geometric morphometrics and 2D finite element analysis (FEA) to explore differences in morphology and mechanical performance across Ceratopsoidea (the clade including Ceratopsidae, Turanoceratops and Zuniceratops). Principal component analyses and non‐parametric permuted manovas highlight Triceratopsini as a morphologically distinct clade within the sample. A relatively robust and elongate dentary, a larger and more elongated coronoid process, and a small and dorso‐ventrally compressed angular characterize this clade, as well as the absolutely larger size. By contrast, non‐triceratopsin chasmosaurines, Centrosaurini and Pachyrhinosaurini have similar morphologies to each other. Zuniceratops and Avaceratops are distinct from other taxa. No differences in size between Pachyrhinosaurini and Centrosaurini are recovered using non‐parametric permuted anovas. Structural performance, as evaluated using a 2D FEA, is similar across all groups as measured by overall stress, with the exception of Triceratopsini. Shape, size and stress are phylogenetically constrained. A longer dentary as well as a long coronoid process result in a lower jaw that is reconstructed as relatively much more stressed in triceratopsins.
Automated road extraction from multi-resolution images using spectral information and texture

Road is a kind of very typical artificial object. Road extraction from multi-scale remote sensing images is significant both in military field and in people's daily lives. With the development of remote sensing technology, the scale of remote sensing images that can be obtained becomes various. Therefore, the research of multi-scale remote sensing images is getting more and more attention and it is really a challenging task in the field of image processing. In this paper, a method of road extraction from multi-scale remote sensing images is proposed. Firstly, the textures are extracted and added to the bands of the original image. The filtering, resampling and segmentation operations are then implemented. Next, the spectral characteristics and textures of roads on the remote sensing images are statistically analyzed, and the changes of those on multi-scale remote sensing images are obtained. Then, considering the road characteristics displayed on remote sensing images, some parameters of spectral characteristics and textures are selected to extract roads using the object-oriented method. Finally, the results of road extraction are post-processed based on the opening and closing operation of mathematical morphology. This study has great significance in areas such as features optimization, target recognition, building feature database and improving the utilization of remote sensing data.
Exposure to pets and atopic dermatitis during the first two years of life. A cohort study

The aim of this study was to assess the association between keeping pets in early childhood and the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in an ongoing birth cohort followed up to the age of 2 years. We analyzed data of 4578 children in the intervention and observation part of an ongoing cohort study. The children were recruited at birth in the two study regions Wesel and Munich between January 1996 and June 1998. Information on atopic diseases and pet ownership was obtained by questionnaire at the child's first and second birthday. The logistic regression model showed a negative association between ‘keeping any pet’ and in particular ‘keeping dogs’ in the 1st year of life and the development of atopic dermatitis in the 1st and the 2nd years of life. The protective effects remained statistically significant after adjusting for several possible confounding variables (1st yearany pet OR 0.71, 95% CI [0.55;0.92], 1st yeardog OR 0.62, 95% CI [0.39;0.98], 2nd yearany pet OR 0.74, 95% CI [0.57;0.97], 2nd yeardog OR 0.63, 95% CI [0.40;0.98]). Ownership of small furred pets (hamster, rabbit and guinea pig) also showed a borderline protective effect for the 1st year. We assume an association between keeping pets and undefined environmental factor(s) that contribute protectively to the development of atopic dermatitis in early life, presumably by effects on the maturation of the immune system.
A Method for Parameter Extraction of Piezoelectric Transformers

A methodology for obtaining the parameter's values of a linearized piezoelectric transformers model is proposed. The suggested technique treats the piezoelectric transformer as an all electrical two port and relies on measurement of the electrical transfer function magnitude and phase of a loaded piezoelectric transformer. Only a single test setup is required to establish all six piezoelectric transformer's parameter's values. Neither manufacturer's data nor acoustical measurements are required. The proposed approach employs the least-squares method for tuning the model parameter's values. This paper presents the theoretical foundation of the proposed method validated by experimental results. Excellent agreement is found in between the measured and the modeled transfer functions.
First record of Chrysosporium europae, Ch. fluviale and Ch. minutisporosum in Slovakia

During a survey of keratinophilic fungi from soil and children’s sandpit samples in city park of Nitra and Nová Baňa (Slovakia) three noteworthy Chrysosporium species, namely Ch. europae, Ch. fluviale and Ch. minutisporosum were encountered. The species are briefly characterized here with respect to their identification, ecology and distribution. They represent newly recorded fungal taxa from Slovakia.
Subchronic Toxicity of S-111-S-WB in Sprague Dawley Rats

S-111-S-WB, a mixture of perfluoro fatty acid ammonium salts (C6-C13), was administered orally to Crl:CD (SD)IGS-BR rats. Higher hepatic β-oxidation and liver weights with hepatocellular hypertrophy were present at the 0.125 and 0.6 mg/kg/d dosage. The 0.6 mg/kg/d males developed hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. Lower serum protein and higher bilirubin and BUN were seen in the 0.6 mg/kg/d males and lower globulin and higher alkaline phosphatase in the 0.125 mg/kg/d males and 0.6 mg/kg/d animals. After 2 weeks, serum concentrations of pentadecafluorooctanoic acid (C8), heptadecafluorononanoic acid (C9), perfluoroundecanoic acid (C11), and perfluorotridecanoic acid (C13) were constant for at least 8 hours. After 90 days, only C9 in the 0.025 mg/kg/d females had reached steady state. Serum C8 and C9 concentrations in the males were 10-fold higher than in the females, whereas C11 and C13 were similar for both genders. The main elimination was via the urine for C8 (males) and C9 (females), and via the feces for C11 and C13. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was 0.025 mg/kg/d for the males and 0.125 mg/kg/d for the females.
Capsid intermediates assembled in a foot-and-mouth disease virus genome RNA-programmed cell-free translation system and in infected cells

Structural protein complexes sedimenting at 140S, 70S (empty capsids), and 14S were isolated from foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected cells. The empty capsids were stable, while 14S complexes were relatively short-lived. Radioimmune binding assays involving the use of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to six distinct epitopes on type A12 virus and polyclonal antisera to A12 structural proteins demonstrated that native empty capsids were indistinguishable from virus. Infected cell 14S particles possessed all the neutralizing epitopes and reacted with VP2 antiserum. Cell-free structural protein complexes sedimenting at 110S, 60S, and 14S containing capsid proteins VP0, VP3, and VP1 are assembled in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate programmed with foot-and-mouth viral RNA. These structures also contain the six epitopes, and cell-free 14S structures like their in vivo counterparts reacted with VP2 antiserum. Capsid structures from infected cells and the cell-free complexes adsorbed to susceptible cells, and this binding was inhibited, to various degrees, by saturating levels of unlabeled virus. These assays and other biochemical evidence indicate that capsid assembly in the cell-free system resembles viral morphogenesis in infected cells. In addition, epitopes on the virus surface possibly involved in interaction with cellular receptor sites are found early in virion morphogenesis.
Efficacy of NiTi rotary instruments in removing calcium hydroxide dressing residues from root canal walls.

THE AIM OF THIS STUDY was to evaluate the efficacy of three rotary instrument systems (K3, ProTaper and Twisted File) in removing calcium hydroxide residues from root canal walls. Thirty-four human mandibular incisors were instrumented with the ProTaper System up to the F2 instrument, irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA, and filled with a calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing. After 7 days, the calcium hydroxide dressing was removed using the following rotary instruments: G1 - NiTi size 25, 0.06 taper, of the K3 System; G2 - NiTi F2, of the ProTaper System; or G3 - NiTi size 25, 0.06 taper, of the Twisted File System. The teeth were longitudinally grooved on the buccal and lingual root surfaces, split along their long axis, and their apical and cervical canal thirds were evaluated by SEM (×1000). The images were scored and the data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskall Wallis test. None of the instruments removed the calcium hydroxide dressing completely, either in the apical or cervical thirds, and no significant differences were observed among the rotary instruments tested (p > 0.05).
Unsupervised Learning of Sequencing Read Types

In this work, we present a novel method for improvement of de novo genome assembly which is based on detection of chimeric and repeat reads. Using this information, we can facilitate the detection of unique sequences which results in more contiguous final sequences. We showed that read types can be separated by transforming a coverage graph for each read into 1D signal. We found that signals for repeat and chimeric reads differ significantly from signals for regular reads. Because manual determination of correct read types is a tedious and time-consuming job, we chose unsupervised learning. For feature extraction, we applied and compared variational and denoising autoencoders. Clustering was performed by K-means algorithm. We tested the method on four bacterial genomes sequenced by Pacific Biosciences devices. The achieved results show that using labelled read types can significant improve the contiguity of the assembled final sequence.
Enhanced secure data authentication and transmission using RDHSS scheme

Military communications are always very secret and sensitive. Its communications embrace all possible technologies to ensure that it is properly delivered to the intended destination / person. The technologies, military adopts are huge and intricate. It progressed to visual and audible signals, and then advanced into the electronic age. Military transmits messages such as orders and reports, both in the field and at sea and between headquarters and distant installations or ships. Most of the orders and reports are scanned copy. The security are to be beefed up and technology designers have been at their best to develop technologies to boost reliability, to ensure authenticity and imbibe more and more security, taking into considerations of available bandwidth. Notwithstanding the development and implementation of technologies, hackers are at their best to defeat the technologies. The sharing of digital images, involving orders, reports and sensitive information are becoming increasingly difficult to prevent unauthorized access and to avoid data forgery. The very danger of unauthorized access and its blatant use against national security is imminent. If any third party gets the secret message, they can alter the contents and transfer this to destination. The secrecy of the digital images will be lost due to this unauthorized access. So military images should maintain the confidentiality, authenticity and integrity. For this, military communication should ensure the use of efficient and robust cryptographic techniques. This research proposes a four pronged security system that combines the use of two algorithms viz. Reversible Data Hiding and Shamir Secret Sharing Algorithm to ensure integrity, authentication and security of digital images.