Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The influence of integrity and ethical leadership on trust in the leader

Interpersonal trust has emerged as a significant concept in enhancing employee well-being and organisational effectiveness. Against this background, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between integrity, ethical leadership and trust in the leader. A theoretical model is proposed to demonstrate how the different constructs are related to one another. The postulated relationships and the conceptual model were empirically tested, based on data collected from a convenience sample of 204 employees. The results indicated positive relationships between ethical leadership and trust in the leader; between integrity and ethical leadership; and between integrity and trust in the leader. Managerial implications are proposed, and some suggestions are made for future research.
Transport of Information along Unidimensional Layered Networks of Dissociated Hippocampal Neurons and Implications for Rate Coding

The ability of synchronous population activity in layered networks to transmit a rate code is a focus of recent debate. We investigate these issues using a patterned unidimensional hippocampal culture. The network exhibits population bursts that travel its full length, with the advantage that signals propagate along a clearly defined path. The amplitudes of activity are measured using calcium imaging, a good approximate of population rate code, and the distortion of the signal as it travels is analyzed. We demonstrate that propagation along the line is precisely described by information theory as a chain of Gaussian communication channels. The balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is crucial for this transmission. However, amplitude information carried along this layered neuronal structure fails within 3 mm, ∼10 mean axon lengths, and is limited by noise in the synaptic transmission. We conclude that rate codes cannot be reliably transmitted through long layered networks.
Work Stealing with Parallelism Feedback

We present a randomized work-stealing thread scheduler for fork-join multithreaded jobs that provides continual parallelism feedback to the job scheduler in the form of processor requests. Our A-STEAL algorithm is appropriate for large parallel servers where many jobs share a common multiprocessor resource and in which the number of processors available to a particular job may vary during the job’s execution. Assuming that the job scheduler never allots the job more processors than requested by the job’s thread scheduler, A-STEAL guarantees that the job completes in near-optimal time while utilizing at least a constant fraction of the allotted processors. Our analysis models the job scheduler as the thread scheduler’s adversary, challenging the thread scheduler to be robust to the system environment and the job scheduler’s administrative policies. For example, the job scheduler can make available a huge number of processors exactly when the job has little use for them. To analyze the performance of our adaptive thread scheduler under this stringent adversarial assumption, we introduce a new technique called “trim analysis,” which allows us to prove that our thread scheduler performs poorly on at most a small number of time steps, exhibiting near-optimal behavior on the vast majority. To be more precise, suppose that a job has work T1 and critical-path length T∞. On a machine with P processors, A-STEAL completes the job in expected O(T1/P +T∞+ L lgP ) time steps, where L is the length of a scheduling quantum and P denotes the O(T∞ +L lgP )-trimmed availability. This quantity is the average of the processor availability over all but the O(T∞ + L lgP ) time steps having the highest processor availability. When the job’s parallelism dominates the trimmed available, that is, P ≪ T1/T∞, the job achieves nearly perfect linear speedup. Conversely, when the trimmed mean dominates This research was supported in part by the Singapore-MIT Alliance and NSF Grants ACI-0324974 and CNS-0305606. Yuxiong He is a Visiting Scholar at MIT CSAIL and a Ph.D. candidate at the National University of Singapore. the parallelism, the asymptotic running time of the job is nearly the length of its critical path. We measured the performance of A-STEAL on a simulated multiprocessor system using synthetic workloads. For jobs with sufficient parallelism, our experiments indicate that A-STEAL provides almost perfect linear speedup across a variety of processor availability profiles. In these experiments, A-STEAL typically wasted less than 20% of the processor cycles allotted to the job. We compared A-STEAL with the ABP algorithm, an adaptive workstealing thread scheduler developed by Arora, Blumofe, and Plaxton that does not employ parallelism feedback. On moderateto heavy-loaded large machines with predetermined availability profiles, A-STEAL typically completed jobs more than twice as quickly, despite being allotted the same or fewer processors on every step, while wasting only 10% of the processor cycles wasted by ABP.
Fast image interpolation with decision tree

This paper proposes a fast image interpolation method using decision tree. This new fast image interpolation with decision tree (FIDT) method can achieve state-of-the-art image interpolation performance and requires only 10% computational time of the soft adaptive interpolation (SAI) method. During training, the proposed method recursively divides the training data at a non-leaf node into two child nodes according to the binary test which can maximize the information gain of a division. At the end, for each of the leaf node, a linear regression model is learned according to the training data at that leaf node. In the image interpolation phase, input image patches are passed into the learned decision tree. According to the stored binary test at each non-leaf node, each input image patch will be classified into its left or right child node until a leaf node is reached. The high-resolution image patch of the input image patch can then be predicted efficiently using the learned linear regression model at the leaf node.
3D memory design based on through silicon vias enabled timing optimization

In three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC), a large number of dummy through silicon vias (TSV) are required for thermal and thinning concerns. However, limited attention is paid to the fact that these dummy TSVs can be multi-functional and used for timing purposes. In this paper, we propose to use those "timing wasteful" dummy TSVs to replace bit line delay cells. Also, a TSV allocation algorithm is presented to optimize the TSV array layout. Finally, three memory designs are implemented to verify the feasibility and reliability of the proposed technology. It is found that all delay cells in these 3 memories can be replaced by TSV arrays.
Immigration and Innovation in European Regions

The concentration of people with diverse socio-cultural backgrounds in particular geographic areas may boost the creation of new ideas, knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. In this paper we measure the impact of the size, skills, and diversity of immigration on the innovativeness of host regions. For this purpose we construct a panel of data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the periods 1991-1995 and 2001-2005. Innovation outcomes are measured by means of the number of patent applications per million inhabitants. Given the geographical concentration and subsequent diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrants' location choices, we take account of spatial dependence and of the endogeneity of immigrant settlement in our econometric modelling. We use the location of McDonald's restaurants as a novel instrument for immigration. The results confirm that innovation is clearly a function of regional accessibility, industrial structure, human capital, and GDP growth. In addition, patent applications are positively affected by the diversity of the immigrant community beyond a critical minimum level. An increase in the fractionalization index by 0.1 from the regional mean of 0.5 increases patent applications per million inhabitants by about 0.2 percent. Moreover, the average skill level of immigrants (proxied by global regions of origin) also affects patent applications. In contrast, an increasing share of foreigners in the population does not conclusively impact on patent applications. Therefore, a distinct composition of immigrants from different backgrounds is a more important driving force for innovation than the sheer size of the immigrant population in a certain locality.
An Efficient Algorithm for UAV Indoor Pose Estimation Using Vanishing Geometry

This paper presents an efficient vision algorithm to recover the pose of an indoor unmanned aerial vehicle with respect to a structured scene based on vanishing geometry. Specifically, the ground plane vanishing line and a vanishing point are calculated from a set of equally-spaced parallel lines. By using such geometries, an elegant closed-form expression is derived to compute the rotation matrix of the camera. This rotation matrix is then used in a constrained estimation of the camera location. Moreover, a fast line detection algorithm is proposed where one dimensional edge detections are performed to a sampled subset of image pixels. Since only minimal features are utilized, complex algorithms such as RANSAC and Levenberg- Marquadt optimization remain computationally feasible in real time. The whole processing can reach an average of 25.6 frames per second on an embedded computer: Gumstix. Lastly, The proposed algorithms are successfully verified in simulations and fly tests conducted under several conditions. Index Terms—vanishing line, vanishing point, UAV indoor navigation, track following, pose estimation, real-time system I. INTRODUCTION
CELLERITY: A Fully Automatic Layout Synthesis System For Standard Cell Libraries

This paper describes a fully automatic standard-cell layoutsynthesis system, CELLERITY. The system is flexible insupporting a wide variety of process technologies and a range oflibrary template styles. The tool is fully automatic and providesseveral options to the user to customize the layout template. Thetool considers performance and yield and generates dense,design-rule correct layouts. Experimental results indicate that thearea of CELLERITY-generated standard cells is competitive withmanually designed cells in a majority of circuits. In block-leveltests of industrial circuits, standard-cell blocks generated usingCELLERITY cells are about equal to the block area produced byusing a manually-designed library. Recently, an embeddedmicrocontroller in a state-of-the-art sub-micron processtechnology was fabricated using CELLERITY-generated standard cells.
Deploying the Globus Security Infrastructure in a Production Environment: Testing and Evaluation

The Globus Toolkit emerged among several projects as the standard de facto for the design of an infrastructure for computational grids. The Globus Security Infrastructure (GSI) provides security features that integrate and extend standard protocols for distributed systems with original solutions. In this paper we investigate the functional correctness and effectiveness of the GSI features with respect to the main security services peculiar of a production environment. With this aim, we design and deploy a multiplatform, multiversion and multisite testbed for a computational grid. We then define a formal plan of tests and accomplish it in our testbed. Our results show that: message integrity, authentication and non repudiation are well addressed; access control and availability are problematic; message confidentiality was not implemented in the software release available at the time experiments have been accomplished. These results point out that GSI can be transferred to a production environment only if supported with a series of countermeasures aimed to reduce risks implied from a not satisfactory user credentials management and a lack of an effective monitoring system. Finally, we discuss the main points to be fixed in the deployment of a computational grid, such as the integration with Certification Authorities other than the one provided by Globus, and the adopted countermeasures mainly consisting in some additional features, such as an automatic tool for grid user management, a tool for advanced local access control, and a monitoring system for grid resources.
Acceleration of cometary H2O group pickup ions by obliquely propagating nonlinear magnetosonic waves

The observations made during the encounter with comet Giacobini Zinner show that the character of MHD turbulence is governed by the magnetosonic (MS) waves generated by the pickup ions via a resonant cyclotron instability. Close to the bow shock these waves are highly nonlinear, |ΔB/B0| ∼ 1, and are propagating obliquely to the magnetic field. The interaction of cometary ions in the mass loaded solar wind with MS waves propagating away from the comet and oblique to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is investigated using the test particle approach. Ion trajectories, distribution functions, widths of pitch angle scattering and energy diffusion are obtained. Because of the MS “turbulence”, the particle velocity and acceleration are found to increase with increasing wave amplitude, inclination of the wave vector to the background magnetic field, and the range of resonant mode numbers. It is found that the interaction of water group pickup ions with MS waves propagating obliquely to the IMF gives larger pitch angle scattering and acceleration than that in the case of parallel and antiparallel propagating waves. In particular, obliquely propagating MS waves at angles greater than 40° to the ambient magnetic field are very effective at accelerating particles because of a high phase velocity along the magnetic field. In the case of monochromatic MS waves, Landau damping is found to play an important role; the particles get electromagnetically trapped in a potential well due to Landau damping. In the case of MS turbulence, the particles are stochastically heated and the temperature continues to grow linearly with time. We have also investigated the relationship between pitch angle scattering and the three parameters, namely, α, the angle between the solar wind flow direction and the ambient magnetic field, θBk, the angle between the ambient magnetic field and the wave propagation vector, and the ion injection velocity. The pitch angle scattering rates are obtained using a monochromatic nonlinear MS wave as well as MS turbulence in both the quasi-parallel (0 40°. They are found to be independent of the injection velocity. The results are in agreement with the observations.
The interplay among religiosity, heath, and ethnicity : changing patterns in the U.S., 1972-2010

Because ethnic minorities continue to experience health inequities in America, the powerful social forces that help determine our health become all the more relevant to explore. Within this social context, an often overlooked factor is the role that religiosity plays in influencing health. This investigation explored the relationships among religiosity, health, and ethnicity. Primary aims were to specify the change that has occurred over time in religiosity, health, and socio-demographic variables and to determine whether religiosity has a unique influence on health for each ethnic group. The General Social Survey, a large, nationally representative dataset was utilized. Comparisons of correlations (among health, religiosity, and socioeconomic variables)
Using Prompt Ontology-Comparison Tools in the EON Ontology Alignment Contest

Objective evaluation and comparison of knowledge-based tools has so far been mostly an elusive goal for researchers and developers. Objective experiments are difficult to perform and require substantial resources. The EON Ontology Alignment Contest attempts to overcome these problems in inviting tool developers to perform a series of experiments in ontology alignment and compare their results to the reference alignments produced by experiment authors. We used our PROMPT suite of tools in the experiment. We briefly describe PROMPT in the paper and present our results. Based on this experience, we share our thoughts on the experiment design, its positive and negative aspects, and talk about lessons learned and ideas for future such experiments and contests.
Cascade, Triangular and two way source coding with degraded side information at the second user

We consider the Cascade and Triangular ratedistortion problems where the same side information is available at the source node and User 1, and the side information available at User 2 is a degraded version of the side information at the source node and User 1. We characterize the rate-distortion region for these problems. For the Cascade setup, we showed that, at User 1, decoding and re-binning the codeword sent by the source node for User 2 is optimum. We then extend our results to the Two way Cascade and Triangular settings, where the source node is interested in lossy reconstruction of the side information at User 2 via a rate limited link from User 2 to the source node. We characterize the rate distortion regions for these settings. Next, we evaluate our regions in the Quadratic Gaussian Cascade and Triangular settings, and obtain characterizations of these settings in the form tractable low dimensional optimization problems.
¡Preparados, Listos, Ya!: An Interpretative Case Study Centered on Teaching Hispanic Parents to Support Early Bilingual Literacy Development Prior to Kindergarten.

A parent training program pilot designed and implemented to develop early literacy skills of bilingual Hispanic pre-kindergarten students is described and analyzed through a case study approach. The program incorporated parent collaboration, bilingual literacy training and accessible literary themes to improve literacy prior to kindergarten. Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning- third edition (DIAL-3) screening scores and qualitative evidence document the program�s significant impact.
Location of central nodes in time varying computer networks

A single-facility dynamic-network location problem with a continuous (rather than discrete) time domain is considered. It is assumed that the network state changes constantly and thus at each moment a different point may be the best choice for facility location. The cost of switching the facility from one node to another is taken into account because this switching consumes resources (although switching does not necessarily involve physical relocation, the cost results from the need to relocate the function). These costs are assumed to be time-dependent. <<ETX>>
Male Rape: The Emergence of a Social and Legal Issue

Introduction Taking Victims into Account and Considering the Impact of Victim blame. Contextualising the Issue of Male Rape Theoretical Explanations for the Occurrence of Male Researching Male on Male Rape Challenging Myths? Male Rape in the News The Metropolitan Police Service The Nature and Impact of Male Rape: Empirical Findings from Survivors of Male Rape Policy Directions for Male Rape and Conclusions.
Deep Brain Stimulation as a Tool for Improving Cognitive Functioning in Alzheimer’s Dementia: A Systematic Review

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established, in selected cases therapeutically effective, non-lesional treatment method delivering current rectangular pulses into dysfunctional brain structures via chronically implanted stimulation electrodes. DBS is a recognized method applied in movement disorders and is increasingly evaluated as a possible therapeutic option for psychiatric diseases such as refractory obsessive-compulsive disorders, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, major depression, and substance-related addiction. Latest research indicates that DBS may be a method for improving cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). Translational data in healthy and AD animals appear to support this notion. Nevertheless, many aspects remain unclear, particularly with regard to the optimal target structure. The objective of this review is to present a systematic overview regarding published research on DBS and cognitive functioning in animal and human studies as well as to provide a systematic overview of the feasibility and efficacy of the treatment. We describe three studies investigating the effects of DBS in patients with dementia, using either the fornix or the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) as a target. In total, we identified 25 animal studies with 10 brain structures being targeted: fornix, NBM, anterior caudate nucleus, dorsal striatum, anterior thalamic nucleus, midline thalamic nuclei, central thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, hippocampus (entorhinal cortex, perforant path), and amygdala. Considering the wide and diverse spectrum of targets, we add to this review a supposition about possible underlying mechanisms of operation and recommendations for further research.
Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity

This In Brief aims to contribute to the operationalisation of the concept of ‘fragile states’ for use in development policy. Following a review of different definitions of ‘fragile states’, it proposes a three-pronged definition of fragility that broadly encompasses other classifications. Fragile states are defined as states that are failing, or in danger of failing, with respect to authority, comprehensive socioeconomic entitlements or governance legitimacy. We show that many states are fragile along one or two dimensions, but rather few are fragile along all three, despite causal connections among them—a lack of comprehensive data in the most fragile countries may partly account for this. A consideration of how fragility, as defined, relates to some other significant development approaches to vulnerable societies indicates that fragility in its various dimensions corresponds most closely to failures on particular Human Rights. Yet, the Human Rights approach applies to all countries and embodies a particular way of approaching development, whereas ‘fragile’ states form a specific subset of especially vulnerable countries and the concept as such does not imply a distinct approach to aid and development.
Comparison of Frequent Item Set Mining Algorithms

-Frequent item sets mining plays an important role in association rules mining. Over the years, a variety of algorithms for finding frequent item sets in very large transaction databases have been developed. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the implementations of the Frequent item set Mining algorithms such as SMine and Apriori Algorithms.
CFLRU: a replacement algorithm for flash memory

In most operating systems which are customized for disk-based storage system, the replacement algorithm concerns only the number of memory hits. However, flash memory has different read and write cost in the aspects of time and energy so the replacement algorithm with flash memory should consider not only the hit count but also the replacement cost caused by selecting dirty victims. The replacement cost of dirty page is higher than that of clean page with regard to both access time and energy consumption. In this paper, we propose the Clean-First LRU (CFLRU) replacement algorithm that exploits the characteristics of flash memory. CFLRU splits the LRU list into the working region and the clean-first region and adopts a policy that evicts clean pages preferentially in the clean-first region until the number of page hits in the working region is preserved in a suitable level. Using the trace-driven simulation, the proposed algorithm reduces the average replacement cost by 28.4% in swap system and by 26.2% in buffer cache, compared with LRU algorithm. We also implement the CFLRU algorithm in the Linux kernel and present some optimization issues.