Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activation of EGFR and ERBB2 by Helicobacter pylori results in survival of gastric epithelial cells with DNA damage.

BACKGROUND & AIMS The gastric cancer-causing pathogen Helicobacter pylori up-regulates spermine oxidase (SMOX) in gastric epithelial cells, causing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. A subpopulation of SMOX(high) cells are resistant to apoptosis, despite their high levels of DNA damage. Because epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation can regulate apoptosis, we determined its role in SMOX-mediated effects. METHODS SMOX, apoptosis, and DNA damage were measured in gastric epithelial cells from H. pylori-infected Egfr(wa5) mice (which have attenuated EGFR activity), Egfr wild-type mice, or in infected cells incubated with EGFR inhibitors or deficient in EGFR. A phosphoproteomic analysis was performed. Two independent tissue microarrays containing each stage of disease, from gastritis to carcinoma, and gastric biopsy specimens from Colombian and Honduran cohorts were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS SMOX expression and DNA damage were decreased, and apoptosis increased in H. pylori-infected Egfr(wa5) mice. H. pylori-infected cells with deletion or inhibition of EGFR had reduced levels of SMOX, DNA damage, and DNA damage(high) apoptosis(low) cells. Phosphoproteomic analysis showed increased EGFR and erythroblastic leukemia-associated viral oncogene B (ERBB)2 signaling. Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of a phosphorylated (p)EGFR-ERBB2 heterodimer and pERBB2; knockdown of ErbB2 facilitated apoptosis of DNA damage(high) apoptosis(low) cells. SMOX was increased in all stages of gastric disease, peaking in tissues with intestinal metaplasia, whereas pEGFR, pEGFR-ERBB2, and pERBB2 were increased predominantly in tissues showing gastritis or atrophic gastritis. Principal component analysis separated gastritis tissues from patients with cancer vs those without cancer. pEGFR, pEGFR-ERBB2, pERBB2, and SMOX were increased in gastric samples from patients whose disease progressed to intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia, compared with patients whose disease did not progress. CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of gastric tissues from mice and patients, we identified a molecular signature (based on levels of pEGFR, pERBB2, and SMOX) for the initiation of gastric carcinogenesis.
Effects of intra-aortic balloon pump timing on baroreflex activities in a closed-loop cardiovascular hybrid model.

Despite 50 years of research to assess the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) effects on patients' hemodynamics, some issues related to the effects of this therapy are still not fully understood. One of these issues is the effect of IABP, its inflation timing and duration on peripheral circulation autonomic controls. This work provides a systematic analysis of IABP effects on baroreflex using a cardiovascular hybrid model, which consists of computational and hydraulic submodels. The work also included a baroreflex computational model that was connected to a hydraulic model with a 40-cm(3) balloon. The IABP was operated at different inflation trigger timings (-0.14 to 0.31 s) and inflation durations (0.05-0.45 s), with time of the dicrotic notch being taken as t = 0. Baroreflex-dependent parameters-afferent and efferent pathway activity, heart rate, peripheral resistance, and venous tone-were evaluated at each of the inflation trigger times and durations considered. Balloon early inflation (0.09 s before the dicrotic notch) with inflation duration of 0.25 s generated a maximum net increment of afferent pathway activity of 10%, thus leading to a decrement of efferent sympathetic activity by 15.3% compared with baseline values. These times also resulted in a reduction in peripheral resistance and heart rate by 4 and 4.3% compared with baseline value. We conclude that optimum IABP triggering time results in positive effects on peripheral circulation autonomic controls. Conversely, if the balloon is not properly timed, peripheral resistance and heart rate may even increase, which could lead to detrimental outcomes.
Photo-differential Scanning Calorimetry Study on Photopolymerization of Polyacrylate/E7 Liquid Crystal Blends

Abstract Photo-differential scanning calorimetry (photo-DSC) was used to investigate the cure kinetics of a photo-initiated polymerization of tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) monomers mixed with a eutectic liquid crystal mixture, E7, chosen due to its significant optical properties. The thermal photo-polymerization reactions were performed in isothermal mode in order to identify and evaluate the different thermal effects occurring during the photo-polymerization reaction under UV light. The results obtained help to better understand the curing mechanisms as well as the kinetics of the curing reactions. The isothermal photo-DSC provided complex thermograms showing the presence of two thermal effects: an exothermic heat (positive activation energy) generated during the conversion of monomers and an endothermic heat produced by the UV lamp. The latter phenomenon was observed in our previous work and was associated to the heating of the polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) material by the UV irradiation lamp. The dependence of photopolymerization on the time and intensities of the curing UV light were investigated. The results showed that the high intensity UV light heats the material and slows the process of phase separation which, in turn, affects the electro-optical properties of the material under study. The photo DSC results also revealed that the heating of the system was insignificant and can, therefore, be neglected, for materials exposed to UV radiation with an irradiation time of 5 seconds and a low intensity of 13.80 mW/cm2.
The Skorokhod space in functional convergence : a short introduction

The Skorokhod space D = D([0, 1] : R1) consists of functions x : [0, 1] → R1 which admit limit x(t−) from the left at each point t ∈ (0, 1] and limit x(t+) from the right at each point t ∈ [0, 1). After regularization by taking the right-continuous version, such functions are often called “càdlàg”, what is an acronym taken from French. The Skorokhod space provides a natural and convenient formalizm for description of trajectories of stochastic processes admitting jumps, in particular: trajectories of Poisson process, Lévy processes, martingales and semimartingales, empirical distribution functions, trajectories of discretizations of stochastic processes, etc. The supremum norm converts the Skorokhod space into a nonseparable Banach space, what is always disadvantageous in probability theory. Moreover, for discontinuous elements of D, simple and natural approximation procedures like discretizations are convergent uniformly only in exceptional cases. Therefore the four metric separable topologies J1, J2, M1 and M2 on D proposed by Skorokhod in his seminal paper [38] immediately attracted much attention. Among Skorokhod’s topologies the finest, hence the closest to the uniform topology, was J1. One says that that xn ∈ D converges to x0 ∈ D in J1 topology if there exists a sequence of increasing homeomorphisms λn : [0, 1] → [0, 1], (λn ∈ Λ) such that
Speed-Sensorless Estimation for Induction Motors Using Extended Kalman Filters

In this paper, extended-Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithms that could be used in combination with the speed-sensorless field-oriented control and direct-torque control of induction motors (IMs) are developed and implemented experimentally. The algorithms are designed aiming minimum estimation error in both transient and steady state over a wide velocity range, including very low and persistent zero-speed operation. A major challenge at very low and zero speed is the lost coupling effect from the rotor to the stator, which makes the information on rotor variables unobservable on the stator side. As a solution to this problem, in this paper, the load torque and the rotor angular velocity are simultaneously estimated, with the velocity taken into consideration via the equation of motion and not as a constant parameter, which is commonly the case in most past studies. The estimation of load torque, on the other hand, is performed as a constant parameter to account for Coulomb and viscous friction at steady state to improve the estimation performance at very low and zero speed. The estimation algorithms developed based on the rotor and stator fluxes are experimentally tested under challenging variations and reversals of the velocity and load torque (step-type and varying linearly with velocity) over a wide velocity range and at zero speed. In all the scenarios, the current estimation error has remained within a very narrow error band, also yielding acceptable velocity estimation errors, which motivate the use of the developed estimation method in sensorless control of IMs over a wide velocity range and persistent zero-speed operation
Static scheduling of a Time-Triggered Network-on-Chip based on SMT solving

Time-Triggered Network-on-Chip (TTNoC) is a networking concept aiming at providing both predictable and high-throughput communication for modern multiprocessor systems. The message scheduling is one of the major design challenges in TTNoC-based systems. The designers not only need to allocate time slots but also have to assign communication routes for all messages. This paper tackles the TTNoC scheduling problem and presents an approach based on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solving. We first formulate the complete problem as an SMT instance, which can always compute a feasible solution if exists. Thereafter, we propose an incremental approach that integrates SMT solving into classical heuristic algorithms. The experimental results show that the heuristic scales significantly better with only minor loss of performance.
Maximizing Aggregate Recommendation Diversity: A Graph-Theoretic Approach

systems are being used to help users find relevant items from a large set of alternatives in many online applications. Most existing recommendation techniques have focused on improving recommendation accuracy; however, diversity of recommendations has also been increasingly recognized in research literature as an important aspect of recommendation quality. This paper proposes a graph-theoretic approach for maximizing aggregate recommendation diversity based on maximum flow or maximum bipartite matching computations. The proposed approach is evaluated using real-world movie rating datasets and demonstrates substantial improvements in both diversity and accuracy, as compared to the recommendation re-ranking approaches, which have been introduced in prior literature for the purpose of diversity improvement.
Dental root size in bats with diets of different hardness

The relationship between tooth roots and diet is relatively unexplored, although a logical relationship between harder diets and increased root surface area (RSA) is suggested. This study addresses the interaction between tooth morphology, diet, and bite force in small mammals, phyllostomid bats. Using micro computed tomography (microCT), tooth root morphology of two fruit‐eating species (Carollia perspicillata and Chiroderma villosum) and two insect‐eating species (Mimon bennettii and Macrotus californicus) was compared. These species did not differ in skull or estimated body size. Food hardness, rather than dietary classification, proved to be the strongest grouping factor, with the two insectivores and the seed‐processing frugivore (C. villosum) having significantly larger RSAs. Bite force was estimated using skull measurements; bite force significantly correlated with tooth RSA but not with body size. Although the three durophagous species did exhibit larger crowns, the area of the occlusal surface did not vary among the four species. There was a linear relationship between root size and crown size, indicating that the roots were not expanded disproportionately; instead the entire tooth was larger in the hard diet species. MicroCT allows the nondestructive quantification of previously difficult‐to‐access tooth morphology; this method shows the potential for tooth roots to provide valuable dietary, behavioral, and ecological information in small mammals. J. Morphol. 276:1065–1074, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous Assessment of Spinal and Supraspinal Activity during Experienced Pain: An Alternative Approach using Information Theory

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Changing Prevalence of Allergic Diseases in the Asia-Pacific Region

Asia-Pacific is one of the most densely populated regions of the world and is experiencing rapid economic changes and urbanization. Environmental pollution is a significant problem associated with the rapid modernization of many cities in South Asia. It is not surprising that the prevalences of asthma and allergies are increasing rapidly, although the underlying reasons remain largely unknown. Many studies from this region have documented the changing prevalence of allergic diseases in various parts of the world. However, the methodologies used were neither standardized nor validated, making the results difficult to evaluate. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) has provided a global epidemiology map of asthma and allergic diseases, as well as the trend of changes in the prevalence of these diseases. Allergic sensitization is extremely common in many Asian communities. However, the prevalence of allergic diseases remains relatively rare. The rapid urbanization in the region, which increases environmental pollution and can affect the rural environment, will likely increase the prevalence of asthma and allergies in Asia.
Bixels: Picture Samples with Sharp Embedded Boundaries

Pixels store a digital image as a grid of point samples that can reconstruct a limited-bandwidth continuous 2-D source image. Although convenient for anti-aliased display, these bandwidth limits irreversibly discard important visual boundary information that is difficult or impossible to accurately recover from pixels alone. We propose bixels instead: they also store a digital image as a grid of point samples, but each sample keeps 8 extra bits to set embedded geometric boundaries that are infinitely sharp, more accurately placed, and directly machine-readable. Bixels represent images as piecewise-continuous, with discontinuous intensities and gradients at boundaries that form planar graphs. They reversibly combine vector and raster image features, decouple boundary sharpness from the number of samples used to store them, and do not mix unrelated but adjacent image contents, e.g blue sky and green leaf. Bixels are meant to be compatible with pixels. A bixel is a image sample point with an 8 bit code for local boundaries. We describe a boundary-switched bilinear filter kernel for bixel reconstruction and pre-filtering to find bixel samples, a bixels-to-pixels conversion method for display, and an iterative method to combine pixels and given boundaries to make bixels. We discuss applications in texture synthesis, matting and compositing. We demonstrate sharpness-preserving enlargement, warping and bixels-to-pixels conversion with example images.
Gravitational Approach to Tachyon Matter (超弦理論の展望)

The studies of dynamics of the tachyon on Dp — Dp brane system or unstable D-branes attract great interests since they gives the important non-perturb at ive and off-shell knowledge of string theory. The total energy of the system vanishes at the bottom of tachyon potential in the off-shell analysis. Sen classically studied the dynamics of a time dependent tachyon background and discussed that in large time, there is a residual tachyon dust which has finite energy and zero pressure [1]– [3]. The energy is stored in the open string fields, however there is no open string fluctuation at the minimum of the tachyon potential. Such mysterious object is called tachyon matter. Sen also discussed that it is stable at classical level. It plays an important role in cosmological problems, for example, inflation problem in brane scenarios, dark matter problem, cosmological time problem and so on.
Development of an Immunochromatographic Assay Specifically Detecting Pandemic H1N1 (2009) Influenza Virus

ABSTRACT The pandemic caused by a new type of influenza virus, pandemic H1N1 (2009) influenza virus A (AH1pdm), has had a major worldwide impact. Since hemagglutinin (HA) genes are among the most specific genes in the influenza virus genome, AH1pdm can be definitively diagnosed by viral gene analysis targeting the HA genes. This type of analysis, however, cannot be easily performed in clinical settings. While commercially available rapid diagnosis kits (RDKs) based on immunochromatography can be used to detect nucleoproteins (NPs) of influenza A and B viruses in clinical samples, there are no such kits that are specific for AH1pdm. We show here that an RDK using a combination of monoclonal antibodies against NP can be used to specifically detect AH1pdm. The RDK recognized AH1pdm virus isolates but did not recognize seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 and influenza B viruses, indicating that the specificity of the RDK is 100%. A parallel comparison of RDK with a commercial influenza A/B virus kit revealed that both types of kits had equal sensitivities in detecting their respective viruses. Preliminary evaluation of clinical samples from 5 individuals with PCR-confirmed human AH1pdm infection showed that the RDK was positive for all samples, with the same detection intensity as that of a commercial influenza A/B virus kit. This RDK, together with a new vaccine and the stockpiling of anti-influenza drugs, will make aggressive measures to contain AH1pdm infections possible.
Building Concept Representations from Reusable Components

Our goal is to build knowledge-based systems capable of answering a wide variety of questions, including questions that are unanticipated when the knowledge base is built. For systems to achieve this level of competence and generality, they require the ability to dynamically construct new concept representations, and to do so in response to the questions arLd tasks posed to them. Our approach to meeting this requirement is to build knowledge bases of generalized, representational components, and to develop methods for automatically composing components on demand. This work extends the normal inheritance approach used in frame-based systems, and imports ideas from several different areas of AI, in particular compositional modeling, terminological reasoning, and ontological engineering. The contribution of this work is a novel integration of these methods that improves the efficiency of building knowledge bases and the robustness of using them.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation based on Text Relatedness

In this paper an unsupervised approach to domain adaptation is presented, which exploits external knowledge sources in order to port a classification model into a new thematic domain. Our approach extracts a new feature set from documents of the target domain, and tries to align the new features to the original ones, by exploiting text relatedness from external knowledge sources, such as WordNet. The approach has been evaluated on the task of document classification, involving the classification of newsgroup postings into 20 news groups.
A New Joint Source-Channel Coding Scheme Based on Nested Lattice Codes

In this paper, we propose a new joint source-channel coding (JSCC) method for transmission of a Gaussian source through an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel whose bandwidth is higher than that of the source. Firstly, a sequence of random variables from a Gaussian source is discretized with a lattice-based quantizer, resulting in a sequence of lattice points. Secondly, by driving an encoder of a systematic group code, these lattice points are utilized to compute a sequence of parity lattice points. Thirdly, both the systematic and the parity lattice points are scaled and transmitted over an AWGN channel. Simulation results show that, with moderate code length, our scheme performs well when compared with the Shannon limits.
Recommendation on Item Graphs

A novel scheme for item-based recommendation is proposed in this paper. In our framework, the items are described by an undirected weighted graph Q = (V,epsiv). V is the node set which is identical to the item set, and epsiv is the edge set. Associate with each edge eij isin epsiv is a weight omegaij ges 0, which represents similarity between items i and j. Without the loss of generality, we assume that any user's ratings to the items should be sufficiently smooth with respect to the intrinsic structure of the items, i.e., a user should give similar ratings to similar items. A simple algorithm is presented to achieve such a smooth solution. Encouraging experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of our method.
2D and 3D numerical simulations of damage during the formation of successive chips when machining the aeronautical CFRP composites

A finite element method has been developed to simulate the cutting process of composites containing long carbon fibers and polymer matrix (CFRP composites). A complete mechanical approach has been performed coupling the damage-elastoplastic behavior and stiffness degradation of the composite properties. Moreover, the plasticity caused by permanent deformation, fiber-matrix debonding and matrix cracking has been taken into account. In this work, a unidirectional ply was studied using a meso-scale modelling of damages in composites. The proposed approach is primarily focused on the understanding of interactions between the fiber orientation, machining process and the physical phenomena governing the chip formation process. The analysis of the chip formation, cutting forces and the induced damage has been done through 2D and 3D simulations. A VUMAT subroutine, providing the capability for implementing elastoplastic damage models has been used in Abaqus/Explicit. A damage variable has been calculated for each type of damage that appears in the workpiece: fiber breaking, matrix cracking and fiber-matrix debonding. Satisfactory numerical results have been obtained on an orthogonal cutting application and a good correlation has been found with experimental results, [2,10].
Timeslips—Comparing Agitation and Anxiety Rating Scales to Evaluate the Benefit of Non-Pharmacologic Creative Sessions in Nursing Home Patients with Dementia

TimeslipsTM is a group storytelling program that encourages creative expression among dementia patients without the pressure to recall the past. Analysis of the literature was conducted to determine the nine most relevant agitation and anxiety scales most appropriate for use with Timeslips in nursing home patients with dementia, who experience agitation and anxiety. Qualitative assessment of the nine scales was conducted to identify six criteria to determine the most pertinent characteristics for implementation of Timeslips within this patient population: 1) validity/reliability, 2) observation period, 3) training required, 4) time to administer, 5) most appropriate administrator and 6) accessibility/cost. Utilizing these six criteria, quantitative assessment was conducted using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to identify that the Overt Agitation Severity Scale (OASS) was optimal. IRB approvals have been attained to investigate use of the OASS with Timeslips in the nursing home setting for patients with dementia, who experience agitation and anxiety.