Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comprehensive IoT Attacks Survey based on a Building-blocked Reference Model

Internet of Things (IoT) has not yet reached a distinctive definition. A generic understanding of IoT is that it offers numerous services in many domains, utilizing conventional internet infrastructure by enabling different communication patterns such as human-to-object, object-to-objects, and object-to-object. Integrating IoT objects into the standard Internet, however, has unlocked several security challenges, as most internet technologies and connectivity protocols have been specifically designed for unconstrained objects. Moreover, IoT objects have their own limitations in terms of computation power, memory and bandwidth. IoT vision, therefore, has suffered from unprecedented attacks targeting not only individuals but also enterprises, some examples of these attacks are loss of privacy, organized crime, mental suffering, and the probability of jeopardizing human lives. Hence, providing a comprehensive classification of IoT attacks and their available countermeasures is an indispensable requirement. In this paper, we propose a novel four-layered IoT reference model based on building blocks strategy, in which we develop a comprehensive IoT attack model composed of four key phases. First, we have proposed IoT asset-based attack surface, which consists of four main components: 1) physical objects, 2) protocols covering whole IoT stack, 3) data, and 4) software. Second, we describe a set of IoT security goals. Third, we identify IoT attack taxonomy for each asset. Finally, we show the relationship between each attack and its violated security goals, and identify a set of countermeasures to protect each asset as well. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that attempts to provide a comprehensive IoT attacks model based on a building-blocked reference model.
Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 4 Prevents Dopamine Neurodegeneration in a Rat Alpha-Synuclein Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disease, which typically presents itself with a range of motor symptoms, like resting tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity, but also non-motor symptoms such as fatigue, constipation, and sleep disturbance. Neuropathologically, PD is characterized by loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and Lewy bodies, neuronal inclusions containing α-synuclein (α-syn). Mutations and copy number variations of SNCA, the gene encoding α-syn, are linked to familial PD and common SNCA gene variants are associated to idiopathic PD. Large-scale genome-wide association studies have identified risk variants across another 40 loci associated to idiopathic PD. These risk variants do not, however, explain all the genetic contribution to idiopathic PD. The rat Vra1 locus has been linked to neuroprotection after nerve- and brain injury in rats. Vra1 includes the glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (Gsta4) gene, which encodes a protein involved in clearing lipid peroxidation by-products. The DA.VRA1 congenic rat strain, carrying PVG alleles in Vra1 on a DA strain background, was recently reported to express higher levels of Gsta4 transcripts and to display partial neuroprotection of SNpc dopaminergic neurons in a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced model for PD. Since α-syn expression increases the risk for PD in a dose-dependent manner, we assessed the neuroprotective effects of Vra1 in an α-syn-induced PD model. Human wild-type α-syn was overexpressed by unilateral injections of the rAAV6-α-syn vector in the SNpc of DA and DA.VRA1 congenic rats. Gsta4 gene expression levels were significantly higher in the striatum and midbrain of DA.VRA1 compared to DA rats at 3 weeks post surgery, in both the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. At 8 weeks post surgery, DA.VRA1 rats suffered significantly lower fiber loss in the striatum and lower loss of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc compared to DA. Immunofluorescent stainings showed co-expression of Gsta4 with Gfap at 8 weeks suggesting that astrocytic expression of Gsta4 underlies Vra1-mediated neuroprotection to α-syn induced pathology. This is the second PD model in which Vra1 is linked to protection of the nigrostriatal pathway, solidifying Gsta4 as a potential therapeutic target in PD.
Microlattices as architected thin films: Analysis of mechanical properties and high strain elastic recovery

Ordered periodic microlattices with densities from 0.5 mg/cm3 to 500 mg/cm3 are fabricated by depositing various thin film materials (Au, Cu, Ni, SiO2, poly(C8H4F4)) onto sacrificial polymer lattice templates. Young's modulus and strength are measured in compression and the density scaling is determined. At low relative densities, recovery from compressive strains of 50% and higher is observed, independent of lattice material. An analytical model is shown to accurately predict the transition between recoverable “pseudo-superelastic” and irrecoverable plastic deformation for all constituent materials. These materials are of interest for energy storage applications, deployable structures, and for acoustic, shock, and vibration damping.
Cost Conscious? The Neural and Behavioral Impact of Price Primacy on Decision Making

Price is a key factor in most purchases, but it can be presented at different stages of decision making. The authors examine the sequence-dependent effects of price and product information on the decision-making process at both neural and behavioral levels. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, the price of a product was shown to participants either before or after the product itself was presented. Early exposure to price, or “price primacy,” altered the process of valuation, as observed in altered patterns of activity in the medial prefrontal cortex immediately before making a purchase decision. Specifically, whereas viewing products first resulted in evaluations strongly related to products’ attractiveness or desirability, viewing prices first appeared to promote overall evaluations related to products’ monetary worth. Consistent with this framework, the authors show that price primacy can increase purchase of bargain-priced products when their worth is easily recognized. Together, these results suggest that price primacy highlights considerations of product worth and can thereby influence purchasing.
Effect of Egg and Sperm Quality in Successful Fish Breeding *

s: Fish egg quality is the ability of the egg to be fertilized and subsequently develop into a normal embryo. While sperm quality can be defined as its ability to successfully fertilize an egg and subsequently allow the development of a normal embryo. Presently there is a concern about the quality of eggs and milt collected for breeding, therefore the evaluation of egg and milt quality is essential so as to increase the efficiency of artificial fertilization. Studies have shown that qualitative parameters of the milt (sperm motility, sperm lobe length, milt volume and count) and egg can be influenced by several factors such as feeding regime, environmental factors, quality of the feed, variations between individual, age, weight, length of the fish, season of the year, stress, pollutant, fungi, and bacteria, uptake of nutritive and genetic materials, physiochemical properties of water (pH, salinity and temperature and dissolve oxygen). In this paper the role of the egg and sperm in fish farming was reviewed and the factors that affect the success of fish breeding. Understanding of these factors that affect both egg and sperm quality could reduce poor breeding process and increase fingerlings production for a sustainable aquaculture.
Modeling Correspondences for Multi-Camera Tracking Using Nonlinear Manifold Learning and Target Dynamics

Multi-camera tracking systems often must maintain consistent identity labels of the targets across views to recover 3D trajectories and fully take advantage of the additional information available from the multiple sensors. Previous approaches to the "correspondence across views" problem include matching features, using camera calibration information, and computing homographies between views under the assumption that the world is planar. However, it can be difficult to match features across significantly different views. Furthermore, calibration information is not always available and planar world hypothesis can be too restrictive. In this paper, a new approach is presented for matching correspondences based on the use of nonlinear manifold learning and system dynamics identification. The proposed approach does not require similar views, calibration nor geometric assumptions of the 3D environment, and is robust to noise and occlusion. Experimental results demonstrate the use of this approach to generate and predict views in cases where identity labels become ambiguous.
Analytical Results of Fatigue Reliability for Structural Steels Based on “Database on Fatigue Strength of Metallic Materials”

The fatigue properties of the structural steels were investigated based on “Database on Fatigue Strength of Metallic Materials” published by the Society of Material Science, Japan. The rotating bending fatigue test results for pure iron and structural steels JIS S10C-S58C were extracted from the database and hyperbola regression model was applied based on the JSMS standard, “Standard Evaluation Method of Fatigue Reliability for Metallic Materials-Standard Regression Method of S-N Curve-”. The correlations between obtained regression parameters were investigated and it is revealed that there were strong correlation between (1) tensile strength σB and fatigue limit E, (2) slope A and intercept B of inclined part of S-N curve, (3) slope A and the critical number of stress cycles giving fatigue limit Nw. In addition, a number of fatigue data extracted were normalized by tensile strength of σB and pooled altogether. Using these data sets, the P-S-N property was also analyzed and it is confirmed that the fatigue life distribution shows complex pattern and changes at each stress level for evaluation, while fatigue strength distribution shows relatively simple pattern and were approximately identical at different number of cycles.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and hippocampal activation during episodic encoding and retrieval tasks

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin which has been shown to regulate cell survival and proliferation, as well as synaptic growth and hippocampal long‐term potentiation. A naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism in the human BDNF gene (val66met) has been associated with altered intercellular trafficking and regulated secretion of BDNF in met compared to val carriers. Additionally, previous studies have found a relationship between the BDNF val66met genotype and functional activity in the hippocampus during episodic and working memory tasks in healthy young adults. Specifically, studies have found that met carriers exhibit both poorer performance and reduced neural activity within the medial temporal lobe (MTL) when performing episodic memory tasks. However, these studies have not been well replicated and have not considered the role of behavioral differences in the interpretation of neural differences. The current study sought to control for cognitive performance in investigating the role of the BDNF val66met genotype on neural activity associated with episodic memory. Across item and relational memory tests, met carriers exhibited increased MTL activation during both encoding and retrieval stages, compared to noncarriers. The results suggest that met carriers are able to recruit MTL activity to support successful memory processes, and reductions in cognitive performance observed in prior studies are not a ubiquitous effect associated with variants of the BDNF val66met genotype. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Tutorial on Beam Management for 3GPP NR at mmWave Frequencies

The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies offer the availability of huge bandwidths to provide unprecedented data rates to next-generation cellular mobile terminals. However, mmWave links are highly susceptible to rapid channel variations and suffer from severe free-space pathloss and atmospheric absorption. To address these challenges, the base stations and the mobile terminals will use highly directional antennas to achieve sufficient link budget in wide area networks. The consequence is the need for precise alignment of the transmitter and the receiver beams, an operation which may increase the latency of establishing a link, and has important implications for control layer procedures, such as initial access, handover and beam tracking. This tutorial provides an overview of recently proposed measurement techniques for beam and mobility management in mmWave cellular networks, and gives insights into the design of accurate, reactive and robust control schemes suitable for a 3GPP NR (NR) cellular network. We will illustrate that the best strategy depends on the specific environment in which the nodes are deployed, and give guidelines to inform the optimal choice as a function of the system parameters.
Burden of asthma among patients adherent to ICS/LABA: A real-world study

ABSTRACT Objectives: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition with a U.S. prevalence of 7.4%. Despite numerous treatment options, asthma remains poorly controlled in some patients. Uncontrolled asthma is associated with high healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and reduced productivity. This study assessed symptoms, productivity, and HCRU of patients adherent to medium/high-dosage inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta2-agonist (ICS/LABA) treatment, and the relationship of asthma control with these parameters. Methods: Data were collected in the U.S. in 2013–2016 in the Adelphi Respiratory Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey. Participating physicians (n = 258) each completed a record form for eligible patients, who were receiving medium/high-dosage ICS/LABA treatment with self-reported moderate/high adherence, completed the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire, and were included in the analyses. Results: Patients (n = 428) had a mean of 59% symptom-free days in the past month. Wheezing was the most troublesome symptom for 25% of patients. In the previous 12 months, the mean number of exacerbations was 1.3; 15% of exacerbations required emergency room treatment and/or hospitalization. Mean physician visits for asthma was 5.7. Asthma impacted leisure/personal time frequently/constantly for 11% of patients, with 20% overall work impairment. Asthma was poorly controlled (ACT score ≤15) in 18% of patients; poorer asthma control was associated with higher rates of exacerbations, work impairment, and HCRU. Conclusion: Given the substantial burden described, greater attention to asthma monitoring and management is necessary. Identification of novel treatments may be important for patients not responding to medium/high-dosage ICS/LABA treatment.
Validation of the Malay version of Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) Questionnaire for Adult Population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to validate the Malay version of Diabetes Quality of Life (DQOL) questionnaire for Malaysian adult population with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study to validate Malay version of DQOL among the adult diabetic patients. DQOL questionnaire has 46 items consist of three domains, namely Satisfaction Domain, Impact Domain and Worry Domain. Both forward and backward translations from the English version of DQOL into Malay version were performed. After the face validity of the Malay version was established, it was then pilot-tested. Finally, the validity and reliability of the final Malay version of DQOL questionnaire were evaluated. RESULTS There were 290 patients participated in this study with a mean (SD) age of 53.1 (10.0) years. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of the overall items and the main domains were between 0.846 and 0.941. The Pearson's correlation coefficients for the three domains were between 0.228 and 0.451. HbA1C was found to be positively correlated with Impact Domain (P = 0.006). The Worry Domain was associated with diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.014) and nephropathy (P = 0.033). CONCLUSION The Malay version of diabetes quality of life (DQOL) questionnaire was found to be a valid and reliable survey instrument to be used for Malaysian adult patients with diabetes mellitus.
Low Inbreeding Depression and High Plasticity under Abiotic Stress in the Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea)

Abstract Weeds represent a major cause of agricultural losses worldwide. Most weeds share a common set of life history characteristics that predispose them to weediness, two of which are self-compatibility, which allows for ease of colonization through reproductive assurance, and high trait plasticity, which allows for tolerance of a wide variety of environments and abiotic conditions. However, self-fertilization typically comes at the cost of inbreeding depression. This study investigates the role of inbreeding depression and trait plasticity under abiotic stress in the tall morningglory, a widespread self-compatible agricultural weed in the southeastern United States. Results show very little inbreeding depression in this species, likely due to purging of deleterious alleles through repeated founder events in agricultural landscapes. In contrast, abiotic stress induced substantial plasticity in ecophysiological traits, reproductive traits, and biomass allocation. In terms of performance, drought sharply impacted reproduction but not vegetative growth, and nitrogen limitation sharply impacted both. These findings are applicable to the control of weedy morningglory and underscore the usefulness of evolutionary ecology to weed management. Nomenclature: Tall morningglory, Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth.
Recognizing whether a person is eating alone or has company by using wearable devices

Mental health has received increasing attention in recent years, and a correlation between social interaction during eating and mental health noted. The purpose of this research is to determine if wearable devices can be used to recognize whether a person is eating alone or has company. Using a watch-type device and smartphone, the data, while eating in daily life, was collected. Using this data, we were able to recognize whether a person is eating alone or has company with an accuracy of 96.3%.
A size threshold governs Caenorhabditis elegans developmental progression

The growth of organisms from humans to bacteria is affected by environmental conditions. However, mechanisms governing growth and size control are not well understood, particularly in the context of changes in food availability in developing multicellular organisms. Here, we use a novel microfluidic platform to study the impact of diet on the growth and development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This device allows us to observe individual worms throughout larval development, quantify their growth as well as pinpoint the moulting transitions marking successive developmental stages. Under conditions of low food availability, worms grow very slowly, but do not moult until they have achieved a threshold size. The time spent in larval stages can be extended by over an order of magnitude, in agreement with a simple threshold size model. Thus, a critical worm size appears to trigger developmental progression, and may contribute to prolonged lifespan under dietary restriction.
A Method of Suppressing Higher Order Modes for Improving Radiation Performance of Metasurface Multiport Antennas Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

A method is proposed to suppress the unwanted higher order modes (HOMs) of the metasurfaces in multiport antenna systems for improving the radiation performances using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The proposed method is to control the modal currents under consideration by loading the unit cells of the metasurface with slots and vias. The positions of loads are determined with the aid of CMA of the metasurface. For proof of concept, the proposed technique is applied to a compact wideband four metasurface antenna (MA) systems operating at 5 GHz Wi-Fi bands. With the suppression of HOMs, the split and tilted radiation patterns of the MAs are significantly improved. The concept is experimentally validated for potential compact multiport antenna applications.
KBS Development on the (Semantic) Web

The benefits of reuse have long been recognized in the knowledge engineering community where the dream of creating knowledge based systems (KBSs) on-the-fly from libraries of reusable components is still to be fully realised. In this paper we present a two stage methodology for creating KBSs: first reusing domain knowledge by mapping it, where appropriate, to the requirements of a generic problem solver; and secondly using this mapped knowledge and the requirements of the problem solver to “drive” the acquisition of the additional knowledge it needs. For example, suppose we have available a KBS which is composed of a propose-andrevise problem solver linked with an appropriate knowledge base/ontology from the elevator domain. Then to create a diagnostic KBS in the same domain, we require to map relevant information from the elevator knowledge base/ontology, such as component information, to a diagnostic problem solver, and then to extend it with diagnostic information such as malfunctions, symptoms and repairs for each component. We have developed MAKTab, a Prot´´ plug-in which supports both these steps and results in a composite KBS which is executable. In the final section of this paper we speculate/discuss the issues involved in extending MAKTab so that it would be able to operate in the context of the (Semantic) Web. Here we introduce the idea of centralised mapping repositories.
Blast Furnace Coke

製鉄工業は予期以上の回復を見せ, 現有設備の全能力を発揮する必要が遠からず起るものと期待される。 この場合銑鉄生産は年間500万t, これに必要なコークス用炭は770万tとなる。 熔鉱炉操業を技術的且つ経済的に検討すると, コークスとしては高い強度, 低い灰分及び優れた化学的性質が必要である。 鉱石の整備により強度への要求は稍緩和されたが, なお306万tの外国産強粘結炭が必要となろう。 コークス品位の改善方策として, 原料炭の洗炭と粉碎, 外国産張粘結炭の配合及び半成コークス, 粉コークスその他の配合が実施又は研究されており, 我々が現在又は將来手近に持つものから必要なコークスを作り出すことが期待される。
Thy1-hAPPLond/Swe+ mouse model of Alzheimer's disease displays broad behavioral deficits in sensorimotor, cognitive and social function

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is an age‐dependent progressive neurodegenerative disorder. β‐amyloid, a metabolic product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. The Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ (line 41) transgenic mouse overexpresses human APP751 and contains the London (V717I) and Swedish (K670M/N671L) mutations. Here, we used a battery of behavioral tests to evaluate general activity, cognition, and social behavior in six‐month‐old male Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ mice. We found hyperactivity in a novel environment as well as significant deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior. In fear conditioning (FC), Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ mice did not display deficits in acquisition or in memory retrieval in novel context of tone‐cued FC, but they showed significant memory retrieval impairment during contextual testing in an identical environment. Surprisingly, in a standard hidden platform water maze, no significant deficit was detected in mutant mice. However, a delayed‐matching‐to‐place paradigm revealed a significant deficit in Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ mice. Lastly, in the social novelty session of a three‐chamber test, Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ mice exhibited a significantly decreased interest in a novel versus a familiar stranger compared to control mice. This could possibly be explained by decreased social memory or discrimination and may parallel disturbances in social functioning in human AD patients. In conclusion, the Thy1‐hAPPLond/Swe+ mouse model of AD displayed a behavioral phenotype that resembles, in part, the cognitive and psychiatric symptoms experienced in AD patients.