Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the tooth-carp Aphanius (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) and the evolutionary history of the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species .

Two new species of Aphanius are described from the Kol drainage in southern Iran (Aphanius darabensis n. sp.) and the endorheic Kavir Basin in northern Iran (A. kavirensis n. sp.), and compared with eight closely related species. Aphanius darabensis n. sp. is sister to A. shirini, from which it is distinguished by molecular characters (cytochrome b) and the combination of three morphological characters: 9-18 flank bars in males (vs. 7-10), females with irregular vertical patches of brown color on the flank (vs. prominent dark brown blotches of round or irregular shape), and symmetrically-shaped triangular to trapezoid otoliths with a rostrum distinctly longer than the antirostrum (vs. quadrangular to trapezoid otoliths with short and equally sized rostrum and antirostrum). Aphanius kavirensis n. sp. is closely related to a group containing A. sophiae, A. mesopotamicus and A. pluristriatus, from which it is distinguished by cytochrome b characters and the combination of three morphological characters: females with irregularly arranged large blotches of dark brown color on the flank, short pectoral fin in both sexes (13.4-18.1% SL in males, 11.2-18.3% SL in females), and asymmetrically shaped triangular to trapezoid otoliths with a pronounced predorsal region. Our tree based on the cytochrome b data demonstrates that the Iranian inland and inland-related Aphanius species (IIRAS) form a monophyletic clade with three subclades (A. vladykovi -, A. shirini -, A. sophiae subclades). The A. sophiae subclade, which is the most diverse of the three subclades, can be further divided into three lineages (A. isfahanensis -, A. farsicus -, A. sophiae lineages). The temporal diversification of the IIRAS clade is discussed and two evolutionary groups of Aphanius are depicted. Aphanius vladykovi, together with A. shirini, A. darabensis n. sp. and A. isfahanensis characterize the "old" evolutionary group. Their divergences may have happened 10-5 m.y. ago (Late Miocene-Early Pliocene). Aphanius farsicus, A. arakensis, A. sophiae, A. mesopotamicus, and A. pluristriatus, together with Aphanius kavirensis n. sp. , represent the "young" evolutionary group, which developed in the Late Pleistocene (100,000-11,700 y. ago) and Early to Middle Holocene (c. 11,700-4,000 y. ago).
Improved Isolation Methods for Mucosal Leukocytes from Small and Large Intestines in Rats

We optimized the isolation protocol for intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) from the rat small intestine, and LPLs from even the rat large intestine. The major population of IELs in the small intestine was considered to be from the villus epithelia. The cytotoxicity of mucosal leukocytes was comparable among isolated fractions from both the small and large intestines, regardless of the population differences. Further analyses of the cells collected from other lymphoid tissues demonstrated that CD161+ cells selectively accumulated in the intestinal lamina propria and did not recirculate through the lymph ducts. Our modified isolation protocol enables the collection of mucosal immune cells from the rat intestines without any deterioration of cell function and could contribute to a better understanding of dietary influences on the mucosal immune system.
Age- and height-specific reference limits of blood pressure of Indian children.

BACKGROUND Blood pressure in childhood is the most powerful predictor of hypertension in adults. Norms for blood pressure in children are based on the age- and height-specific distribution of blood pressure in a reference sample of healthy children. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of school-children in the age group 5 to 14 years in south Delhi and studied the distribution of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 8293 children (4623 boys and 3670 girls). Blood pressure was measured in all children with a mercury column sphygmomanometer using a standardized technique. The first and the fourth Korotkoff sounds were taken as indicative of the systolic and the diastolic blood pressure, respectively. Height percentiles were computed for the study sample for every one-year sex-pooled group. Multiple linear regression was then performed for every one-year group in order to estimate the 90th and 95th percentiles of systolic and diastolic blood pressure according to percentiles of height. RESULTS Age and height, but not gender, emerged as the principal determinants of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in multivariable linear regression analyses. Age- and height-specific 90th and 95th percentile values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were estimated, which enabled us to categorize children into 'normal', 'high normal' and 'high' blood pressure groups. CONCLUSIONS We present age- and height-specific reference values for blood pressure of Indian children based on a large study sample. The use of these standards should aid the identification of children with high blood pressure.
Toward a Model for Local Drug Delivery in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract: The formation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) may eventually result in rupture, an event associated with a 50% mortality rate. This work represents a first step toward improving current stress estimation techniques and local transport simulations in AAA. Toward this aim, a computational parametric study was performed on an axisymmetric cylindrical FEM of a 5 cm AAA with a 1.5 cm thick intraluminal thrombus (ILT). Both the AAA wall and ILT were modeled as porohyperelastic PHE materials using estimated values of AAA wall and ILT permeability. While no values for AAA wall permeability could be found in the literature, the value of ILT permeability was taken from a previous investigation by Adolph et al. 7 Peak stresses, fluid velocities, and local pore pressure values within the ILT and wall were recorded and analyzed as a function of the cardiac cycle. While peak wall stress values for the PHE models did not largely differ from corresponding solid finite element simulations (186.2 N/cm2 vs. 186.5 N/cm2), the stress in the abluminal region of the ILT increased by 17.4% (7.7 N/cm2 vs. 6.5 N/cm2). Pore pressure values were relatively constant through the ILT while there were significant pore pressure gradients present in the AAA wall. The magnitude of fluid velocities varied in magnitude and direction throughout the cardiac cycle with large fluctuations occurring on the luminal surface. The combination of the patient‐specific PHE AAA FEMs with mass transport simulations will result in spatially and time‐varying concentration distributions within AAA, which may benefit future pharmaceutical treatments of AAA.
Memory and Cognition in Preclinical Dementia: What We Know and What We Do Not Know

This overview focuses on the cognitive transition between normal aging and dementia. Numerous studies indicate that individuals who will go on to develop dementia show cognitive deficits many years before the time at which a clinical diagnosis could be rendered. The degree of preclinical impairment is remarkably similar for tasks assessing episodic memory, executive functioning, and perceptual speed, consistent with the view that multiple brain alterations occur prior to clinical disease onset. Although most research in this area has dealt with Alzheimer disease (AD), several recent reports indicate that the pattern of preclinical impairment is very similar in the second largest dementia disorder, vascular dementia (VaD). This is important because currently the possibility for interventions to postpone disease onset is greater in VaD than in AD. Despite pronounced preclinical cognitive deficits in dementia, the performance distributions between cases and controls are largely overlapping, hampering the ability to identify high-risk individuals. To alleviate this problem, future research should evaluate hybrid models for the prediction of dementia. In such models, multiple indicators of cognitive functioning should be included along with markers from other domains that have been linked to subsequent dementia (such as brain imaging, genetics, and lifestyle variables). To the extent that these categories of variables add unique variance, classification accuracy will increase and the overlap in performance scores between incident cases and controls will decrease, thereby enhancing clinical usefulness. This approach would also facilitate the examination of interactive effects among classes of preclinical markers.
Integrating the Effects of Area, Isolation, and Habitat Heterogeneity on Species Diversity: A Unification of Island Biogeography and Niche Theory

We present an analytical model that unifies two of the most influential theories in community ecology, namely, island biogeography and niche theory. Our model captures the main elements of both theories by incorporating the combined effects of area, isolation, stochastic colonization and extinction processes, habitat heterogeneity, and niche partitioning in a unified, demographically based framework. While classical niche theory predicts a positive relationship between species richness and habitat heterogeneity, our unified model demonstrates that area limitation and dispersal limitation (the main elements of island biogeography) may create unimodal and even negative relationships between species richness and habitat heterogeneity. We attribute this finding to the fact that increasing heterogeneity increases the potential number of species that may exist in a given area (as predicted by niche theory) but simultaneously reduces the amount of suitable area available for each species and, thus, increases the likelihood of stochastic extinction. Area limitation, dispersal limitation, and low reproduction rates intensify the latter effect by increasing the likelihood of stochastic extinction. These analytical results demonstrate that the integration of island biogeography and niche theory provides new insights about the mechanisms that regulate the diversity of ecological communities and generates unexpected predictions that could not be attained from any single theory.
The effect of pressure on high- and low-working-memory students: an elaboration of the choking under pressure hypothesis.

SAMPLE Fifty-three third and fourth graders from China participated in this study. METHOD Participants' working memory (WM) was assessed by the Automated Operation Span task. Then, they solved mental addition problems of different types under low- and high-pressure conditions. Performance was analysed as a function of pressure condition, working memory capacity, and problem type. RESULTS On 'no carry' mental addition problems, there was no difference between the two groups of children regardless the presence of pressure. For problems with carries, low WM (LWM) children performed worse on all tasks compared with high WM (HWM) children in the no-pressure condition, but pressure influenced the LWM and HWM differently depending on the nature of the carrying task. On 'hidden carry' mental addition trials (for which guessing strategies were minimally effective), LWM performance was much lower than HWM performance under pressure. By contrast, performance was similar between LWM and HWM groups under pressure on the 'normal carry' trials that allowed for non-resource-intensive heuristic strategies. CONCLUSION Whether high- or low-working-memory elementary-school-aged children were more or less affected by pressure was dependent on task-difficulty and the types of strategies that could be used to solve the problems.
Improvement of the performances MPPT system of wind generation

The wind turbines used for power generation should enable to produce maximum power, making best use of available energy in the wind. A specific known terminology: Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) must be introduced to obtain maximum energy efficiency. The strategy from this command is to control the electromagnetic torque to adjust the speed mechanics to maximize the electrical power generated. There are two families from control structures, the strategy from maximizing the power with and without velocity control. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performances of two types of MPPT controllers mentioned on an 7.5 kW test bench containing a DFIG and we interested to compare this two strategies from maximizing the power extracted for a wind generation system with a horizontal axis The corresponding simulation model are described in section III. The studied MPPT controllers are presented results are given, analyzed and discussed in part in part IV. Finally, In last part, extracts some conclusions on this paper.
Comparison of average global exposure of population induced by a macro 3G network in different geographical areas in France and Serbia

This article is the first thorough study of average population exposure to third generation network (3G)‐induced electromagnetic fields (EMFs), from both uplink and downlink radio emissions in different countries, geographical areas, and for different wireless device usages. Indeed, previous publications in the framework of exposure to EMFs generally focused on individual exposure coming from either personal devices or base stations. Results, derived from device usage statistics collected in France and Serbia, show a strong heterogeneity of exposure, both in time, that is, the traffic distribution over 24 h was found highly variable, and space, that is, the exposure to 3G networks in France was found to be roughly two times higher than in Serbia. Such heterogeneity is further explained based on real data and network architecture. Among those results, authors show that, contrary to popular belief, exposure to 3G EMFs is dominated by uplink radio emissions, resulting from voice and data traffic, and average population EMF exposure differs from one geographical area to another, as well as from one country to another, due to the different cellular network architectures and variability of mobile usage. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:382–390, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sztochasztikus ciklikus munkaerő-áramlás a visegrádi országokban

A tanulmany a visegradi orszagok munkaerőpiacait empirikus kozelitesben vizsgalja a negyedeves munkanelkulisegi es inaktivitasi ratak trendjeinek elemzesevel 2000 I. negyedevetől 2010 IV. negyedeveig. A Szerző Shimer modszerevel (Shimer [2007]) allasszerzesi es allasvesztesi ratakat es valoszinűsegeket szamol az egyes orszagokra, osszehasonlitja a GDP, az atmenetvaloszinűsegek es az un. munkaerő-piaci valtozok ciklikus alakulasat. Az eredmenyeket osszeveti az Egyesult Allamok munkaerő-piaci megfigyeleseivel. A ciklikussag vizsgalatanak eredmenyeiből kovetkeztetest von le az inaktivak aramlasainak fontossagarol.
Thromboelastography Does Not Detect Preinjury Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Trauma Patients

Thromboelastography (TEG) with platelet mapping has been proposed as an assay to detect the presence of antiplatelet agents (APA), yet no study has evaluated TEG markers of platelet dysfunction in acute trauma patients stratified by the use of preinjury APA. We hypothesized that patients on preinjury APA would demonstrate prolonged TEG markers of platelet dysfunction compared with those not on preinjury APA. This retrospective review evaluated all trauma patients admitted to a Level I trauma center from February 2011 to April 2013 who received a TEG within the first 24 hours of admission. Patients were classified as receiving preinjury APA or no APA if their documented medications included either aspirin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) antagonists, including clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor. A total of 129 patients were included (APA, n = 35; no APA n = 94) in the study. The time from admission to the first TEG was similar (APA 175 ± 289 minutes versus no APA 216 ± 321 minutes, P = 0.5). There was no significant difference in TEG markers of platelet dysfunction, including per cent ADP inhibition (APA 61.7 ± 25.8% versus no APA 62.3 ± 28.8%; P = 0.91) or per cent arachidonic acid inhibition (APA 58.2 ± 31% versus no APA 53.8 ± 34%; P = 0.54). Both groups had similar proportion of severe platelet dysfunction, defined as ADP inhibition greater than 70 per cent (APA 40% versus no APA 40%; P = 0.8) and arachidonic acid inhibition greater than 70 per cent (APA 40% versus no APA 39%; P = 0.89). In conclusion, platelet dysfunction after major trauma is common. Therefore, TEG alone should not be used to evaluate for the presence of APA due to apparent lack of specificity.
Computer‐aided tool for teaching mechanical clutch systems design

This paper describes an educational computer application—MecClutch—focused on teaching the design process of mechanical clutches and their operational conditions to Mechanical Engineering students. The software is divided into three sections: (1) multimedia files, pictures, and videos, produced in order to teach the working of the mechanism, (2) theoretical information related to mechanical clutches, and (3) interactive problems that allow to design a mechanical clutch and test changes in operational conditions when varying the value of critical design parameters. This software has become a very useful tool for undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students in compliment to theoretical classes or alone, as a self‐study tool. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 493–500, 2011
Influence of DNA repair gene polymorphisms on the yield of chromosomal aberrations

We evaluated the influence of several DNA repair gene polymorphisms on the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) analyzed in peripheral lymphocytes, using the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. The CA data were obtained from an earlier study of 84 healthy nonsmokers (48 women and 36 men) carefully characterized for indoor radon exposure. The frequency of translocations showed a wide interindividual variability, which was only partly explained by age. To investigate the potential role of DNA repair polymorphisms in this variation, genotypes of DNA repair genes OGG1 (codon 326), XPD (codon 751), XRCC1 (X‐ray repair cross‐complementing group 1) (codons 194, 280, and 399), and XRCC3 (X‐ray repair cross‐complementing group 3) (codon 241) were determined from leukocyte DNA using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods. Negative binomial regression models were applied to evaluate the effect of the polymorphisms and other factors (age, gender, radon exposure, and medical exposure) on the frequency of CAs. No interactions between genotypes and radon, medical exposure, or gender were found. Carriers of the XRCC1 codon 280His variant allele had a two‐fold increase (frequency ratio [FR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–3.98; P = 0.046) in unstable exchanges (dicentrics and ring chromosomes). In addition, the XRCC3 codon 241 homozygous variant genotype (Met/Met) was associated with an increase (FR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.06–2.74; P = 0.028) in two‐way translocations when age was taken into account in the analysis. Our data suggest that the XRCC1 280His and XRCC3 241Met alleles affect individual CA levels, most probably via influencing the DNA repair phenotype. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 46:000–000, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular malformation mimicking multiple sclerosis active plaque: Usefulness of susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to perform correct diagnosis

Brain focal hyperdensity areas are common findings in computed tomography examinations, often further evaluated in magnetic resonance imaging exams. These are usually haemosiderin and calcified perivascular clusters known as cerebral microbleeds and may be secondary signs of brain disorders. Cerebral microbleeds are paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substances determining magnetic field inhomogeneity. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) performed at 3T with phase post-processing is very useful in evaluating this field variation. In fact in the past decade SWI has been increasingly reported for its clinical value in adults with neurologic disorders, traumas, arterial venous malformations, occult venous diseases, tumours and functional brain imaging. The occasional computed tomography findings of single or multiple focal hyperdense areas can mimic many of these brain disorders and lead to misinterpretations. For these reason it is useful to have a more detailed diagnosis with MRI brain examination. The authors highlight the role of SWI sequence in the differential diagnosis among active plaque, vascular malformation and haemorrhagic lesion in a case report of a 41-year-old woman suffering from multiple sclerosis with a focal hyperdense area reported in a computed tomography brain examination.
Operative strategy in laparoscopic splenectomy.

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic splenectomy was attempted in 17 consecutive patients and was successful in 15. STUDY DESIGN This study is a critical analysis of the operative strategy in laparoscopic splenectomy, as reviewed in the operative video recordings and operative summaries of the 17 patients discussed. RESULTS The 15 successful laparoscopic splenectomies were all conducted according to the same strategy: mobilization of both the upper and lower pole of the spleen, division of the short gastric vessels close to the spleen, and dissection and separate ligation of the main trunk of the splenic artery and vein. An erroneous strategy that diverged from the one proposed, resulted in parenchymatous hemorrhage and open conversion in two patients. CONCLUSIONS In this series of 15 successful laparoscopic splenectomies, the most important technical aspect seems to be full mobilization of the spleen before the hilum is dissected.
Recovery and Cultivation of Keratinocytes From Shipped Mouse Skin

Murine keratinocyte culture from neonatal skin is an important tool for studying the functional role of specific genes in epithelial biology. However, when the transgenic animal is only available in a geographically distant local, obtaining viable keratinocytes can be problematic. A method for transferring the isolated murine skin from collaborating labs could decrease the cost of shipping live animals, and would allow the efficient use of the tissues from the transgenic animals. Here we optimized shipping conditions and characterized the cells retrieved and cultured from mouse skin shipped for 48 h at 0 °C. The cultured keratinocytes from the control, non‐shipped skin and the 2‐day shipped skin were 43.6 +/− 7.8% viable, doubled every 2 days, and expressed comparable amounts of heat shock proteins and CD29/integrin beta‐1. However, under the same shipping conditions, the 3‐day shipped tissue failed to establish colonies in the culture. Therefore, this 2‐day shipping technique allows the transfer mouse skin from distant locations with recovery of viable, propagatable keratinocytes, facilitating long‐distance collaborations. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 242–245, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sectorial Composition Of Foreign Direct Investment And Growth: The Case Of The See-5

The countries of the SEE5 or the Western Balkans countries are less developed European countries. Per capita GDP of the EU economies is a few times higher than in the Western Balkans. Furthermore, foreign capital inflows into the SEE5 are much lower than into the EU. The SEE5 countries see FDI as an important factor in resolving the problem of low productivity and scarce local capital. Although it is a well-accepted thesis that foreign direct investment could boost economic growth of host countries, this paper examines the real effects of the aggregate and sectorial FDI net inflows to SEE5 countries. The empirical estimates typically based only on the aggregate FDI data may not be the appropriate way because the growth effects of FDI are likely to depend on the sector in which FDI takes place. Empirical analysis, using time series cross section data for the period 2000-2014, shows that the impact of FDI net inflows on growth at the aggregate level is positive and strong, in the primary sector inclines to have a negative effect on growth, in the manufacturing sector have positive effects on growth and in the service sector exerts strong and positive effect on growth.