Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing assumptions during agile development Conference Item

Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online's data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. Abstract The assumptions that underlie software development often go unrecorded and form part of the implicit rationale on which design and implementation decisions are based. These assumptions can fail at any time, with serious consequences. This paper presents a lightweight approach to assumption management (AM) designed to suit agile development. Assumptions were monitored for three months within a small agile team. Two key indicators were proposed for measuring AM success but only one was detected in the research results. A number of strong correlations were found between properties of assumptions. Data collection largely depended on the subjective judgements of the first author, but they were validated with some success by his colleagues. In some ways, assumption management was found to complement agile development. However, AM was not fully integrated into the team's development process, due to difficulty in adopting an 'assumption-aware' way of thinking. Suggestions are offered on how this transition may be eased, and on how others might wish to build on this research.
Effects of Self-Construals on Consumer Assertiveness/Aggressiveness

This study investigates the effects of self-construals (independent self and interdependent self) on consumers’ tendency to be assertive or aggressive in their interaction with retail sales representatives. For this, the study employs samples from the United States and Thailand and tests the hypotheses through multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and full structural equation modeling. The results indicate that independent (interdependent) self-construals had positive (negative) effects on consumer assertiveness and aggressiveness. The implications of these results and some avenues for future research are discussed.
American Heart Association Childhood Obesity Research Summit Report.

I. The Problem: Childhood Obesity—A Burgeoning Epidemic e490II. Childhood Obesity Research Summit.e490III. Pathophysiology and Morbidity ofChildhood Obesity e490A. Pathophysiology of Obesity e490B. Medical Consequences of Childhood Obesity. e490C. Psychosocial and Societal Consequences ofChildhood Obesity e490IV. Current Healthcare Practices in ChildhoodObesity Prevention and Treatment e492A. Lifestyle Assessment: Diet and Physical Activity . e492B. Clinical Assessment e493C. Psychosocial/Behavioral Assessment . e493D. Implementing Effective Prevention andTreatment Options: Diet e494E. Implementing Effective Prevention and TreatmentOptions: Exercise and Sedentary Behaviors . e495F. Implementing Effective Prevention TreatmentOptions: Family and Behavioral Approaches . e496G. Behavioral Management e497H. Medical and Pharmacological Management. e497I. Surgical Management e498V. Barriers to Optimum Care e498A. Healthcare System Factors e4981. Preparedness of Providers e4982. Models of Coverage and Care e4993. Uninsurance and Underinsurance AmongChildren and Families e5004. Healthcare Providers and Settings asRole Models e500B. The Challenge of Behavior Change . e5011. Motivational Interviewing for Pediatric Obesity. e5012. Psychosocial Factors InfluencingBehavior Change e5023. Environmental Factors InfluencingBehavioral Change e503VI. Practice-Based Resources for Preventionand Management e503A. Models From Other Disciplines e5031. Adult Chronic Care Model e5032. Treatment of Heart Failure e5043. Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus . e5044. Treatment of Childhood Asthma.e505B. Public Health Measures forChildhood Obesity e5061. Tobacco Control: Implications forChildhood Obesity e506C. Specific Research Issues e5061. Specifying Priorities in the Context of aComplex, Multifactorial Problem . e5062. Taking a Developmental Approach . e5073. Engaging Stakeholders e5074. Targeting the Appropriate Outcome . e508VII. Research Challenges e509A. Research in the Busy Practice e509B. Bring Research Into Practices: Web-BasedAssessment for the PediatricObesity Clinic e509C. Research Agenda: NHLBI and thePediatric Heart Network e510D. Research Agenda: The Children’sOncology Group e510E. Research Agenda: CDC e511F. Research Agenda: Foundations e511VIII. Research and Policy: KnowledgeTranslation e512A. From Practice to Policy to Practice . e512IX. Concluding Remarks e512Appendix A: Planning Committee e513Appendix B: Presenters e513
TARGET ARTICLE: Duality Models in Social Psychology: From Dual Processes to Interacting Systems

Dual-system models explain social cognition and behavior as a joint function of 2 interconnected mental faculties, each operating according to different principles. In this article, we use the Reflective-Impulsive Model as an example and first describe 3 major advantages of dual-system models, i.e., their integrative power, their foundation in well-established constructs of cognition and neuroscience; and the ease with which they can explain the interplay of judgments and nonjudgmental processes. We then turn to current debates on the adequate number of systems, as well as on the role of freedom and consciousness. We conclude by stating that dual-system models are versatile tools to integrate existing findings and to stimulate new research in social cognition and beyond.
Fluid-dynamical and microscopic description of traffic flow: a data-driven comparison

Much work has been done to compare traffic-flow models with reality; so far, this has been done separately for microscopic, as well as for fluid-dynamical, models of traffic flow. This paper compares directly the performance of both types of models to real data. The results indicate that microscopic models, on average, seem to have a tiny advantage over fluid-dynamical models; however, one may admit that for most applications, the differences between the two are small. Furthermore, the relaxation times of the fluid-dynamical models turns out to be fairly small, of the order of 2 s, and are comparable with the results for the microscopic models. This indicates that the second-order terms are weak; however, the calibration results indicate that the speed equation is, in fact, important and improves the calibration results of the models.
Psychopharmacology: A Means to Treat Depression

Th is literature rev iew will examine antidepressants as a treatment of depression. The aim of this article is to also discuss the uses of various pharmaceutical treat ments that may not typically be used to treat depression. The review will describe how antidepressants influence the chemical structure of the brain to alleviate depression, their overall effects on the individual, and an analysis of their effectiveness as a treatment. There are several types of antidepressant medications prescribed to patients, this article evaluates the four categories these drugs belong to. The four categories of antidepressant med ications are: monoamine o xidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs). In conclusion, by understanding the brain and the affects depression has on it, medical practitioners and psychologist can better treat their clients with contemporary and alternative treat ments. The study and application of psychopharmacology finds its roots in the work of psychiatry. In psychiatry's early development, there was an overwhelming belief that there was a b iological cause for all mental illness' that exist. However, while there were developments by Kraepelin and other theorist, there was not clear method of treat ment that could be used in practice. The systemic approach was focused on a biological approach in which the search to find the cause of pathology was paramount to the researchers of that time. In the late 1800's, there was a d iscovery that propelled the study of biological psychiatry to a new p lace of knowledge, it was the discovery that mental illness could be cause by different types of bacteria. While the wheels of the movement where slow, and at some points didn't move at all, th is discovery laid the ground work for understanding other causes of mental illness and help to develop medical treatments. Kreapelin, a pro minent force in the field of psychiatry, reco mmended several d ifferent pharmaceutical drugs that he used in his own practice. For clients with agitation he prescribed and recommended Opiu m, Morphine, Scopolamine and Hashish, to put clients to sleep he prescribed and reco mmended Ch loral Hydrate, Ether, Alcohol, Chloroform and Bro mides. With the stagnation in med ical research to effectively treatment mental illness, I can agree that psychiatry was given a better opportunity to be more receptive and allowed for the develop ment of different approaches based upon
Urban African American Parents’ Messages About Violence

Family socialization, which includes parental control and support, plays an important role in reducing the likelihood of adolescent involvement in conflict. This study examined the strategies that urban parents living in neighborhoods with high crime rates suggest to help their adolescent children avoid or deescalate conflict. Data came from 48 African American parent/adolescent dyads recruited through the youths’ middle school. Dyads responded to three video-taped scenarios depicting youth in potential conflict situations. Qualitative methods were used to identify 11 strategies parents suggested to help youth avoid or deescalate conflict. Although the majority of parents advocated for nonviolent solutions, these same parents described situations in which their child may need to use violence. These findings have important implications for family-focused violence prevention programs.
Molecular Tools for Exploring Polyploid Genomes in Plants

Polyploidy is a very common phenomenon in the plant kingdom, where even diploid species are often described as paleopolyploids. The polyploid condition may bring about several advantages compared to the diploid state. Polyploids often show phenotypes that are not present in their diploid progenitors or exceed the range of the contributing species. Some of these traits may play a role in heterosis or could favor adaptation to new ecological niches. Advances in genomics and sequencing technology may create unprecedented opportunities for discovering and monitoring the molecular effects of polyploidization. Through this review, we provide an overview of technologies and strategies that may allow an in-depth analysis of polyploid genomes. After introducing some basic aspects on the origin and genetics of polyploids, we highlight the main tools available for genome and gene expression analysis and summarize major findings. In the last part of this review, the implications of next generation sequencing are briefly discussed. The accumulation of knowledge on polyploid formation, maintenance, and divergence at whole-genome and subgenome levels will not only help plant biologists to understand how plants have evolved and diversified, but also assist plant breeders in designing new strategies for crop improvement.
Design and Performance Analysis of Noncoherent Detection Systems With Massive Receiver Arrays

Harvesting the gain of a large number of antennas in a millimeter-waveband has mainly been relying on the costly operation of channel state information acquisition and cumbersome phase shifters. Recent works have started to investigate the possibility to use receivers based on energy detection (ED), where a single data stream is decoded based on the channel and noise energy. The asymptotic features of the massive receiver array lead to a system where the impact of the noise becomes predictable due to a noise hardening effect. Meanwhile, when the channel has a large number of spatial degrees of freedom, the system becomes robust to imperfect channel knowledge due to channel hardening. We propose two detection methods based on the instantaneous and average channel energy, respectively. Differently from existing works, we analyze the scaling law behavior of the symbol error rate (SER). When the instantaneous channel energy is known, the performance of ED approaches that of the coherent detection in high SNR scenarios. When the receiver relies on the average channel energy, our performance analysis is based on the exact SER, rather than an approximation. It is shown that the logarithm of SER decreases linearly as a function of the number of antennas. Additionally, a saturation appears at high SNR for pulse amplitude modulation constellations of order larger than two, due to the uncertainty on the channel energy. Simulation results show that ED, with a much lower complexity, achieves promising performance both in Rayleigh fading channels and in sparse channels.
Poplar GTL1 Is a Ca2+/Calmodulin-Binding Transcription Factor that Functions in Plant Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance

Diminishing global fresh water availability has focused research to elucidate mechanisms of water use in poplar, an economically important species. A GT-2 family trihelix transcription factor that is a determinant of water use efficiency (WUE), PtaGTL1 (GT-2 like 1), was identified in Populus tremula × P. alba (clone 717-IB4). Like other GT-2 family members, PtaGTL1 contains both N- and C-terminal trihelix DNA binding domains. PtaGTL1 expression, driven by the Arabidopsis thaliana AtGTL1 promoter, suppressed the higher WUE and drought tolerance phenotypes of an Arabidopsis GTL1 loss-of-function mutation (gtl1-4). Genetic suppression of gtl1-4 was associated with increased stomatal density due to repression of Arabidopsis STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION1 (AtSDD1), a negative regulator of stomatal development. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicated that a PtaGTL1 C-terminal DNA trihelix binding fragment (PtaGTL1-C) interacted with an AtSDD1 promoter fragment containing the GT3 box (GGTAAA), and this GT3 box was necessary for binding. PtaGTL1-C also interacted with a PtaSDD1 promoter fragment via the GT2 box (GGTAAT). PtaSDD1 encodes a protein with 60% primary sequence identity with AtSDD1. In vitro molecular interaction assays were used to determine that Ca2+-loaded calmodulin (CaM) binds to PtaGTL1-C, which was predicted to have a CaM-interaction domain in the first helix of the C-terminal trihelix DNA binding domain. These results indicate that, in Arabidopsis and poplar, GTL1 and SDD1 are fundamental components of stomatal lineage. In addition, PtaGTL1 is a Ca2+-CaM binding protein, which infers a mechanism by which environmental stimuli can induce Ca2+ signatures that would modulate stomatal development and regulate plant water use.
When experience is better than description: Time delays and complexity

The dominant sampling paradigm of experience-based choice is extended by exploring two realistic aspects of decisions. First, frequency judgments were studied in situations involving a delay between information acquisition and judgment. This time gap undermines recall from working memory and favors the natural human capacity to encode frequencies effortlessly. Deferred judgments from experience were found to be more accurate than judgments from description, both for absolute and rank-order judgments. Second, task complexity was varied. This showed that—as decision tasks become more complex—participants are willing to trade-off detailed but complex descriptive information for less accurate but simpler information sampled from experience. Moreover, there were no individual differences due to numerical/rational abilities. Results from the two studies suggest that information obtained from experience can be more valuable than descriptive information in that it can both lead to better frequency judgments in deferred tasks and simplify cognitive representations of complex choice tasks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensory enabling technology acceptance model (SE‐TAM): A multiple‐group structural model comparison

Sensory enabling technology (SET) can deliver product information that is similar to the information obtained from direct product examination, thus reducing product risk. In addition, the interactivity and customer involvement created by sensory enabling technologies can enhance the entertainment value of the online shopping experience. The proposed model examined this dual role of sensory experience enablers in the online soft goods shopping process for three types of sensory enabling technologies that are widely applied in online retail sites. The results provided empirical support for perceived usefulness and perceived entertainment value as strong predictors of consumers' attitudes toward using all three of the sensory enabling technologies tested in this study. The impact of perceived ease of use differed by technology. Attitudes toward using sensory enabling technologies had a significant impact on the actual use of all three SETs; however, the impact of technology anxiety and innovativeness on the use of SET also appeared to differ by technology. Virtual try-on played a strong hedonic role, increasing the entertainment value of the online shopping process, whereas 2D views (larger view and alternate views) showed a strong functional role. The 3D rotation view served both functional and hedonic roles. The results indicate that each sensory enabling technology makes a unique contribution to online shopping—either by reducing product risk perceptions or by increasing perceived entertainment value. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
RegulonDB (version 5.0): Escherichia coli K-12 transcriptional regulatory network, operon organization, and growth conditions

RegulonDB is the internationally recognized reference database of Escherichia coli K-12 offering curated knowledge of the regulatory network and operon organization. It is currently the largest electronically-encoded database of the regulatory network of any free-living organism. We present here the recently launched RegulonDB version 5.0 radically different in content, interface design and capabilities. Continuous curation of original scientific literature provides the evidence behind every single object and feature. This knowledge is complemented with comprehensive computational predictions across the complete genome. Literature-based and predicted data are clearly distinguished in the database. Starting with this version, RegulonDB public releases are synchronized with those of EcoCyc since our curation supports both databases. The complex biology of regulation is simplified in a navigation scheme based on three major streams: genes, operons and regulons. Regulatory knowledge is directly available in every navigation step. Displays combine graphic and textual information and are organized allowing different levels of detail and biological context. This knowledge is the backbone of an integrated system for the graphic display of the network, graphic and tabular microarray comparisons with curated and predicted objects, as well as predictions across bacterial genomes, and predicted networks of functionally related gene products. Access RegulonDB at .
Local dependence in random graph models: characterization, properties and statistical inference

Dependent phenomena, such as relational, spatial and temporal phenomena, tend to be characterized by local dependence in the sense that units which are close in a well‐defined sense are dependent. In contrast with spatial and temporal phenomena, though, relational phenomena tend to lack a natural neighbourhood structure in the sense that it is unknown which units are close and thus dependent. Owing to the challenge of characterizing local dependence and constructing random graph models with local dependence, many conventional exponential family random graph models induce strong dependence and are not amenable to statistical inference. We take first steps to characterize local dependence in random graph models, inspired by the notion of finite neighbourhoods in spatial statistics and M‐dependence in time series, and we show that local dependence endows random graph models with desirable properties which make them amenable to statistical inference. We show that random graph models with local dependence satisfy a natural domain consistency condition which every model should satisfy, but conventional exponential family random graph models do not satisfy. In addition, we establish a central limit theorem for random graph models with local dependence, which suggests that random graph models with local dependence are amenable to statistical inference. We discuss how random graph models with local dependence can be constructed by exploiting either observed or unobserved neighbourhood structure. In the absence of observed neighbourhood structure, we take a Bayesian view and express the uncertainty about the neighbourhood structure by specifying a prior on a set of suitable neighbourhood structures. We present simulation results and applications to two real world networks with ‘ground truth’.
Essential Ingredients of a Good Research Proposal for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students in the Social Sciences

As part of the requirements for the award of degrees in higher education institutions, students at undergraduate and postgraduate levels normally carry out research, which they report in the form of dissertations or theses. The research journey commences with the selection of a research topic and the preparation of a proposal on the selected topic. Experience has shown that students tend to encounter difficulties in writing research proposals for their supervisors because they do not fully comprehend what constitutes a research proposal. The purpose of this article is to take students through a step-by-step process of writing good research proposals by discussing the essential ingredients of a good research proposal. Thus, it is not a didactic piece—the aim is to guide students in research proposal writing. In discussing these ingredients, relevant examples are provided where necessary for ease of understanding. It is expected that on reading this article, students should be able to: (a) demonstrate knowledge and understanding of what research is all about and its challenging nature; (b) display an enlarged comprehension of research gap(s), problem or question(s), aim, objectives, and hypotheses as well as their distinguishing characteristics; (c) demonstrate a good understanding of the relevant elements to be considered in the constituent sections of a good research proposal; and (d) comprehend the elements of a research proposal that should feature in the final written dissertation or thesis.