Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Searching for Poverty-aware Social Work: Discourse Analysis of Job Descriptions

Abstract This article aims to enrich the current limited body of knowledge regarding social work professional discourse. More specifically, it seeks to examine the extent and ways in which the social work intra-profession discourse, as it is manifested in formal job descriptions of social workers in Israel, reflects the commitment to working with people living in poverty and to confronting poverty. We provide a brief review of the concept of professional discourse and the role of formal job descriptions in this discourse in general, and in Israel in particular. ‘Poverty-aware social work’ is then conceptualised. Against this background, we analysed 75 job descriptions in order to ascertain whether, and in what ways, references to poverty appear in defining client populations, in directions for assessing their situation, and in defining the goals and methods of professional intervention. The research findings reflect a textual silence in relation to poverty issues in job descriptions. The analysis of poverty-related sub-topics in these documents suggests that job descriptions offer, and simultaneously reproduce a conservative and a-political perspective on poverty and on social work practice with people living in poverty.
Stress and Strain Provide Positional and Directional Cues in Development

The morphogenesis of organs necessarily involves mechanical interactions and changes in mechanical properties of a tissue. A long standing question is how such changes are directed on a cellular scale while being coordinated at a tissular scale. Growing evidence suggests that mechanical cues are participating in the control of growth and morphogenesis during development. We introduce a mechanical model that represents the deposition of cellulose fibers in primary plant walls. In the model both the degree of material anisotropy and the anisotropy direction are regulated by stress anisotropy. We show that the finite element shell model and the simpler triangular biquadratic springs approach provide equally adequate descriptions of cell mechanics in tissue pressure simulations of the epidermis. In a growing organ, where circumferentially organized fibers act as a main controller of longitudinal growth, we show that the fiber direction can be correlated with both the maximal stress direction and the direction orthogonal to the maximal strain direction. However, when dynamic updates of the fiber direction are introduced, the mechanical stress provides a robust directional cue for the circumferential organization of the fibers, whereas the orthogonal to maximal strain model leads to an unstable situation where the fibers reorient longitudinally. Our investigation of the more complex shape and growth patterns in the shoot apical meristem where new organs are initiated shows that a stress based feedback on fiber directions is capable of reproducing the main features of in vivo cellulose fiber directions, deformations and material properties in different regions of the shoot. In particular, we show that this purely mechanical model can create radially distinct regions such that cells expand slowly and isotropically in the central zone while cells at the periphery expand more quickly and in the radial direction, which is a well established growth pattern in the meristem.
Negotiating Disarmament and Demobilisation: A Descriptive Review of the Evidence

Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) are considered a mainstay of peace and stability operations. Yet, there is surprisingly limited critical examination of how they are negotiated in peace processes or grafted into peace agreements. Given the growing criticism over the design and effectiveness of DDR, it is important to take account of the ways in which it is negotiated to begin with, how it is sequenced, what is included and excluded, and the types of alternative arrangements that are intended to promote confidence among parties. Drawing on existing datasets, this article finds that provisions of DDR are present in over half of all documented comprehensive peace agreements and less than ten per cent of all peace accords, protocols and related resolutions. Moreover, conflict mediators and parties to peace talks seldom regard disarmament and demobilisation as preconditions for negotiations, wary of derailing negotiations. They are nevertheless key considerations in relation to wider security sector transformation and transitional justice in the aftermath of war.
Primary Tumor Standardized Uptake Value Measured on F18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Is of Prediction Value for Survival and Local Control in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy

Introduction: The 2-[18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) has become an imaging tool for clinical assessment of tumor, node, metastasis in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Primary tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after radiation therapy (RT) has been studied as a potential prognostic factor for NSCLC patients receiving radiotherapy. However, the sample sizes of most studies were small, and the results of the prediction value of SUVmax remained undetermined, which lead us to perform a meta-analysis to improve the precision in estimating its effect. Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of published literature for primary tumor SUVmax-based biomarkers of the outcome of NSCLC receiving radiotherapy. The required data for estimation of individual hazard ratios (HRs) to compare patients with a low and a high SUVmax were extracted from each publication. A combined HR was calculated by Stata statistical software (Version 11). All of the results were verified by two persons to ensure its accuracy. Results: Thirteen studies were finally included into this meta-analysis; data are available in 13 studies for pre-RT primary tumor SUVmax and in five studies for post-RT. For overall survival, the combined HR estimate was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.08) and 1.32 (95% CI, 1.15–1.51) for pre-RT SUVmax and post-RT SUVmax, respectively; 1.26 (95% CI, 1.05–1.52) and 2.01 (95% CI, 1.16–3.46) for local control (LC). In stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) group, HR for LC was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06–1.18) and 2.19 (95% CI, 1.34–3.60) for pre-SBRT SUVmax and post-SBRT SUVmax, respectively. Conclusion: Both pre-RT and post-RT primary tumor SUVmax can predict the outcome of patients with NSCLC treated with radiotherapy. Patients with high levels of pre-RT SUVmax seemed to have poorer overall survival and LC.
High level of sperm competition may increase transfer of accessory gland products carried by the love dart of land snails

Abstract Postcopulatory adaptations that increase reproductive success compared to rivals, like the transfer of accessory gland products that promote paternity, are common when sperm competition occurs among males. In land snails, the dart shooting behavior and its adaptive significance, in promoting individual fitness through enhanced paternity of the successful dart shooter, have been considered such an adaptation. The fitness result gained is mediated by the transfer of mucus components on the love dart capable of altering the physiology of the receiver's reproductive tract. In this context, dart shooting and mucus transfer could be considered as processes targeted by sexual selection. While the effect of dart mucus is beneficial for the dart user, so far it has remained unknown whether its transport is greater when snails experience a higher level of sperm competition. Here, we report results of a study on inter‐ and intraspecific variations of dart and mucus gland morphometry, considered to be traits reflecting the ability of snails to adjust the production and transfer of mucus under varying sperm competition scenarios. We investigated four populations with different densities from four dart‐bearing species, Arianta arbustorum, Cepaea nemoralis, Cornu aspersum, and Helix lucorum. The results indicate that different adaptations of these traits occur among the studied species that all seem to achieve the same goal of transferring more mucus when sperm competition is higher. For example, the presence of longer and more branched mucous glands or an increase in dart surface most likely reflect increased mucus production and enhanced ability of mucus transport, respectively. Interestingly, the species for which the use of the dart is reported to be facultative, A. arbustorum, did not show any variation among the examined traits. To conclude, sexual selection in the form of sperm competition intensity seems to be an important selective force for these simultaneously hermaphroditic dart‐bearing snails, driving differences in sexual traits.
A fault injection platform for the analysis of soft error effects in FPGA soft processors

Soft processors in SRAM-based FPGAs are gaining acceptance as enabling technology for building embedded systems in several market domains, even for critical applications such as space, transportation and medical devices. However, due to the high vulnerability of SRAM-based FPGAs to single-event upsets (SEUs), which is expected to be aggravated in the future, as FPGA devices are moving aggressively to the nanometer regime, the hardening of soft processors against soft errors will become a major design issue especially for critical applications. Most SEU mitigation approaches proposed in the past are based on the triplication or duplication techniques, thus imposing significant area and performance overheads. A more detailed analysis of the soft error sensitivity of FPGA soft processor and their faulty behavior will enable the development of efficient, low-cost hardening techniques. To this end, we present a fault injection platform based on an open-source CAD framework (RapidSmith) for the analysis of soft error effects in Xilinx FPGA soft processors. Our platform supports the estimation of soft error sensitivity per configuration bit/frame, processor component and benchmark. An on-chip microcontroller is used to inject and correct soft errors in the configuration memory and monitor target processor behavior. It includes a custom peripheral to monitor and record specific processor signals (e.g. exception signals, performance counters) which may manifest the effects of soft errors. The proposed platform is demonstrated through an extensive fault injection campaign in the Leon3 soft processor. The novelty of the framework is it's availability as open-source fault-injection tool designed to target soft processors and the introduction of fault identification by using performance counter.
A Property of Path Inverse Consistency Leading to an Optimal PIC Algorithm

In constraint networks, the efficiency of a search algorithm is strongly related to the local consistency maintained during search. For a long time, it has been considered that forward checking was the best compromise between the pruning effect and the amount of overhead involved. But recent works, comparing the search algorithms on a large range of networks, show that maintaining arc consistency during search (MAC) outperforms forward checking on large and hard problems. It is conceivable that on very difficult instances, using an even more pruningful local consistency may pay off. To know which local consistencyis the most promising, a study comparing both their pruning efficiency and the time needed to achieve them has been done [4]. This work shows that PIC1, the path inverse consistency algorithm presented in [6], has very bad average and worst case time complexities. In this paper, we give a property of PIC and we propose and evaluate a PIC algorithm based on this property that has an optimal worst case time complexity. Experiments show that maintaining PIC during search outperforms MAC on hard sparses CNs.
Group-Based Behavioural Intervention for Smoking Cessation: Is it All in Their Heads?

In the studies used for the analyses, group counseling is defined as having a minimum of two group meetings, and follow-up of smoking status at least 6 months after the start of the program, with carbon monoxide (CO) validated cessation. Most programs used between six and eight sessions, with the first few sessions devoted to discussion of motivation for quitting, health benefits, and strategies for planning a quit attempt. Participants may also keep records of the number of cigarettes smoked and the triggers for smoking (self-monitoring). Part of the group process also includes discussion and sharing of experiences and problems (intra-treatment social support), as well as on ways to seek appropriate support from friends, colleagues and family (extra-treatment social support).
Shades of green: linking environmental locus of control and pro‐environmental behaviors

Purpose – The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of various attitudes and personality characteristics on environmentally‐friendly behaviors, from a locus of control (LOC) perspective. Specifically, we developed and tested a model linking a related construct, environmental locus of control (ELOC), to a series of pro‐environmental behaviors.Design/methodology/approach – The context related to various personal and household behaviors vis‐a‐vis the environment, and the subject pool consisted of a diverse group of urban consumers. A survey was employed to measure various attitudinal and personality variables corresponding to internal/external locus of control, as well as a battery of pro‐environmental behaviors. The research propositions were tested using a structural equation modeling approach.Findings – We found four distinct dimensions of ELOC, two of which relate to an external LOC (“biospheric‐altruism” and “corporate skepticism”) and the other two relate to an internal LOC (“economic moti.
Reestruturação produtiva e variabilidade do trabalho: uma abordagem da ergonomia

This theoretical paper discusses de appropriateness of including the concept of variability into projects of automating work stations. It underlines the contribution of ergonomics to the process of introducing new technologies, which not only modify the nature of the work but frequently the health of the worker as well. The variability of work, a consequence of the difference between prescribed norms and reality, may be understood based on (a) the characteristics of the worker, stressing the notion of inter- and intrapersonal variability, (b) the organization of the work process, stressing the variability of equipment, materials and procedures. By taking variability into account when elaborating a project or a situation of technological innovation, it renders favourable improvement in working conditions due to flexibility and reduction of impositions of prescribed work norms, which usually are based on a `mean' worker, well trained and working under stable conditions.
Trajectories of Achievement Within Race/Ethnicity: “Catching Up” in Achievement Across Time

ABSTRACT The achievement gap has long been the focus of educational research, policy, and intervention. The authors took a new approach to examining the achievement gap by examining achievement trajectories within each racial group. To identify these trajectories they used the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort, which is a nationally representative sample of students in kindergarten through Grade 5. In the analyses, the authors found heterogeneity within each racial group in mathematics and reading achievement, suggesting that there are in fact achievement gaps within each race/ethnicity group. The authors also found that there are groups that catch up to the highest achieving groups by Grade 5, suggesting a positive impact of schooling on particular subgroups of children. The authors discuss the various trajectories that have been found in each racial group and the implications this has for future research on the achievement gap.
Assessment of Component Selection Strategies in Hyperspectral Imagery

Hyperspectral imagery (HSI) integrates many continuous and narrow bands that cover different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, the main challenge is the high dimensionality of HSI data due to the ’Hughes’ phenomenon. Thus, dimensionality reduction is necessary before applying classification algorithms to obtain accurate thematic maps. We focus the study on the following feature-extraction algorithms: Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF), and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). After a literature survey, we have observed a lack of a comparative study on these techniques as well as accurate strategies to determine the number of components. Hence, the first objective was to compare traditional dimensionality reduction techniques (PCA, MNF, and ICA) in HSI of the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor and to evaluate different strategies for selecting the most suitable number of components in the transformed space. The second objective was to determine a new dimensionality reduction approach by dividing the CASI HSI regarding the spectral regions covering the electromagnetic spectrum. The components selected from the transformed space of the different spectral regions were stacked. This stacked transformed space was evaluated to see if the proposed approach improves the final classification.
Expression of Foxi3 is regulated by ectodysplasin in skin appendage placodes

Background: Foxi3 is a member of the large forkhead box family of transcriptional regulators, which have a wide range of biological activities including manifold developmental processes. Heterozygous mutation in Foxi3 was identified in several hairless dog breeds characterized by sparse fur coat and missing teeth. A related phenotype called hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is caused by mutations in the ectodysplasin (Eda) pathway genes. Results: Expression of Foxi3 was strictly confined to the epithelium in developing ectodermal appendages in mouse embryos, but no expression was detected in the epidermis. Foxi3 was expressed in teeth and hair follicles throughout embryogenesis, but in mammary glands only during the earliest stages of development. Foxi3 expression was decreased and increased in Eda loss‐ and gain‐of‐function embryos, respectively, and was highly induced by Eda protein in embryonic skin explants. Also activin A treatment up‐regulated Foxi3 mRNA levels in vitro. Conclusions: Eda and activin A were identified as upstream regulators of Foxi3. Foxi3 is a likely transcriptional target of Eda in ectodermal appendage placodes suggesting that HED phenotype may in part be produced by compromised Foxi3 activity. In addition to hair and teeth, Foxi3 may have a role in nail, eye, and mammary, sweat, and salivary gland development. Developmental Dynamics 242:593–603, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sonographically guided procedures in rheumatology.

OBJECTIVE To provide some representative examples of sonographically guided arthrocentesis and intralesional injection therapy. METHODS Sonographic evaluation was performed with high-frequency linear (13 MHz) and mechanical sector (20 MHz) transducers. The images were obtained in representative patients with rheumatoid arthritis and posttraumatic subacromial bursitis. RESULTS Sonographically guided intralesional injection is a rapid and reliable procedure, especially in patients with arthritis, tenosynovitis, and bursitis. After target localization, needle placement can be performed under continuous sonographic monitoring. Sonographic guidance is particularly useful when fluid collections are small (less than 5 mm) and deep or when the inflammatory process is adjacent to anatomic structures that could be seriously damaged by the injection. CONCLUSIONS Over the last few years, the rapid technologic advancements in ultrasonography have dramatically increased the potential applications of sonographically guided procedures. The simplicity and reliability of the technique might warrant rheumatologists to undergo sonographic training.
The end of silence? Qualitative findings on corporate auditory identity from the UK

Sensory dimensions of corporate identity such as auditory identity are nearly absent in academic literature so far. This paper addresses this shortage by presenting qualitative findings from interviews with brand consultants and managers on the nascent topic of auditory identity. Findings include, inter alia, strong support for the construct definition of auditory identity as proposed in this paper. Moreover, factors driving corporate auditory identity management at an organisation are examined. Furthermore, based on the conceptual similarity between visual and auditory identity consequences as perceived by managers are discussed. Moreover, findings addressing type of company, type of business and industry sector are presented. Finally, findings advocating corporate auditory identity as a valid ingredient of corporate identity management are presented and academic and managerial implications are given.
Evaluating qualitative research: dealing with the tension between ‘science’ and ‘creativity’

Summary This paper responds to recent calls for detailed evaluative criteria for qualitative research in human geography. It argues that the dualism between ‘science’ and ‘creativity’ is unfounded, and that while systematic methods of evaluation are required, standardization is inappropriate. Furthermore, it seeks to demonstrate that grounded theory provides an alternative framework that demonstrates how these ideas might be put into practice.
Passive transport disrupts directional path integration by rat head direction cells.

A subset of neurons in the rat limbic system encodes head direction (HD) by selectively discharging when the rat points its head in a preferred direction in the horizontal plane. The preferred firing direction is sensitive to the location of landmark cues, as well as idiothetic or self-motion cues (i.e., vestibular, motor efference copy, proprioception, and optic flow). Previous studies have shown that the preferred firing direction remains relatively stable (average shift +/- 18 degrees ) after the rat walks from a familiar environment into a novel one, suggesting that without familiar landmarks, the preferred firing direction can be maintained using idiothetic cues, a process called directional path integration. This study repeated this experiment and manipulated the idiothetic cues available to the rat as it moved between the familiar and novel environment. Motor efference copy/proprioceptive cues were disrupted by passively transporting the animal between the familiar and novel environment. Darkening the room as the animal moved to the novel environment eliminated optic flow cues. HD cell preferred firing directions shifted in the novel environment by an average of 30 degrees after locomotion from the familiar environment with the room lights off; by an average of 70 degrees after passive transport from the familiar environment with the room lights on; and by an average of 67 degrees after passive transport with the room lights off. These findings are consistent with the view that motor efference copy/proprioception cues are important for maintaining the preferred firing direction of HD cells under conditions requiring path integration.