Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What Business Environment Changes Are Needed to Cause SME’s to Take a Strategic Approach to Information Security?

In the fourteen years since “Economics of Information Security” started as a discipline, many articles have been written about management of information security within organisations. Most of the articles have focused on public sector or larger private sector companies perhaps with an implicit assumption that the research findings would also apply to and influence SMEs. In practice, the truth is that SMEs have been largely unmoved, and not enough research has examined this reality. In this paper, the author seeks to explore the reasons why smaller SMEs in particular have consistently failed to see securing information as strategic year-on-year spending, and often just part of an overall tight IT budget. Spending on security therefore has to compete with demands for hardware, infrastructure, and strategic applications. The author’s latest research scrutinises the typical SMEs reasoning choosing to see non-spending on security as an acceptable strategic risk. In terms of primary data-gathering, it looks particularly at possible reasons why SMEs tend not to take much notice of “scare stories” in the media which have consistently shown that SMEs are increasingly at risk as the information systems of larger businesses have taken greater precautions and become more difficult to penetrate. The results and their analysis provide useful pointers towards the broader business environment changes that would cause SMEs to be more risk-averse and ethical in their approach to securing their own and their clients’ information.
A Change to Pass/Fail Grading in the First Two Years at One Medical School Results in Improved Psychological Well-Being

Purpose To measure the impact of a change in grading system in the first two years of medical school, from graded (A, B, C, D, F) to pass/fail, on medical students’ academic performance, attendance, residency match, satisfaction, and psychological well-being. Method For both the graded and pass/fail classes, objective data were collected on academic performance in the first- and second-year courses, the clerkships, United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Steps 1 and 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), and residency placement. Self-report data were collected using a Web survey (which included the Dupuy General Well-Being Schedule) administered each of the first four semesters of medical school. The study was conducted from 2002 to 2007 at the University of Virginia School of Medicine. Results The pass/fail class exhibited a significant increase in well-being during each of the first three semesters of medical school relative to the graded class, greater satisfaction with the quality of their medical education during the first four semesters of medical school, and greater satisfaction with their personal lives during the first three semesters of medical school. The graded and pass/fail classes showed no significant differences in performance in first- and second-year courses, grades in clerkships, scores on USMLE Step 1 and Step 2CK, success in residency placement, and attendance at academic activities. Conclusions A change in grading from letter grades to pass/fail in the first two years of medical school conferred distinct advantages to medical students, in terms of improved psychological well-being and satisfaction, without any reduction in performance in courses or clerkships, USMLE test scores, success in residency placement, or level of attendance.
Lower extremity purpura.

A50-YEAR-OLD WOMAN COMES TO your office for evaluation of a vasculitic-appearing cutaneous eruption of unknown duration on the lower extremities. Her medical history includes heavy smoking with subsequent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Findings from a general physical examination show her to be a cachectic woman who appears older than her stated age. Cutaneous examination reveals a perifollicular, hyperkeratotic purpuric eruption on her lower extremities (FIGURE 1). Pertinent laboratory values showed megaloblastic anemia, low serum folate levels, and a mild elevation of liver function test results. What Would You Do Next? A. Do nothing; the rash will resolve over time B. Obtain a biopsy of the lesion C. Prescribe oral antibiotics D. Prescribe topical steroids Figure 1. Purpuric Eruption on Lower Extremity
Annual electricity consumption forecasting with least squares support vector machines

In the electricity market, electricity consumption reflects the electric power usage of the whole society. As an important part of load forecasting, annual electricity consumption forecasting plays an important role for all the market participants, especially for the decision-makers establishing bidding strategies of generation companies and the planners of market investors. In this paper, factor selection on the inputs of electricity consumption forecasting is first performed to find proper features from the data in terms of their statistical information. After that, the regression LS-SVM is generalized for the forecasting modeling in this work that is built using the data after factor analysis. In this way, electricity consumption forecasting is accomplished, which not only overcomes the over-fitting of traditional forecasting methods, but also quickens the computation velocity of standard SVM by converting the quadratic optimization problem into the computation of the linear equations. In the end, the case studies are carried out to test the proposed model, which indicates that the built model is an accurate and quick method to predict the electricity consumption.
Automatic Enrollment in Section 401(k) Plans

This report discusses enrollment practices for 401k retirement plans. Historically, most employers that have sponsored retirement savings plans under §401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) have required employees to decide whether to enroll in the plan. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued rulings to inform employers that current law allows them to enroll employees automatically, provided that the employee is notified in advance and is permitted to leave the plan.
Influence of genetic discrimination perceptions and knowledge on cancer genetics referral practice among clinicians

Purpose: To describe nongenetics clinicians' perceptions and knowledge of cancer genetics and laws prohibiting genetic discrimination, attitudes toward the use of cancer genetic testing, and referral practices.Methods: Invitations to participate were sent to a random stratified sample of California Medical Association members and to all members of California Association of Nurse Practitioners and California Latino Medical Association. Responders in active practice were eligible and completed a 47-item survey.Results: There were 1181 qualified participants (62% physicians). Although 96% viewed genetic testing as beneficial for their patients, 75% believed fear of genetic discrimination would cause patients to decline testing. More than 60% were not aware of federal or California laws prohibiting health insurance discrimination—concern about genetic discrimination was selected as a reason for nonreferral by 11%. A positive attitude toward genetic testing was the strongest predictor of referral (odds ratio: 3.55 [95% confidence interval: 2.24-5.63], P < 0.001) in stepwise logistic regression analyses. The higher the belief in genetic discrimination, the less likely a participant was to refer (odds ratio: 0.72 [95% confidence interval: 0.518-0.991], P < 0.05), whereas more knowledge of genetic discrimination law was associated with comfort recommending (odds ratio: 1.18 [95% confidence interval: 1.11-1.25], P < 0.001) and actual referral (odds ratio: 3.55 [95% confidence interval: 2.24-5.63], P < 0.001). Conclusion: Concerns about genetic discrimination and knowledge deficits may be barriers to cancer genetics referrals. Clinician education may help promote access to cancer screening and prevention.
Seizure disorders: functional MR imaging for diagnostic evaluation and surgical treatment--prospective study.

PURPOSE To prospectively evaluate effect of functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on diagnostic work-up and treatment planning in patients with seizure disorders who are candidates for surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained; informed consent was obtained either from the patient or the parent or guardian in all patients. This study was conducted with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance. Sixty consecutively enrolled patients (33 males, 27 females; mean age, 15.8 years +/- 8.7 [standard deviation]; range, 6.8-44.2 years) were prospectively examined. Forty-five (75%) patients were right handed, nine (15%) were left handed, and six (10%) had indeterminate hand dominance. Prospective questionnaires were used to evaluate diagnostic work-up, counseling, and treatment plans of the seizure team before and after functional MR imaging. Confidence level scales were used to determine effect of functional MR imaging on diagnostic and therapeutic thinking. Paired t test and 95% confidence interval analyses were performed. RESULTS In 53 patients, language mapping was performed; in 33, motor mapping; and in seven, visual mapping. The study revealed change in anatomic location or lateralization of language-receptive (Wernicke) (28% of patients) and language-expressive (Broca) (21% of patients) areas. Statistically significant increases were found in confidence levels after functional MR imaging in regard to motor and visual cortical function evaluation. In 35 (58%) of 60 patients, the seizure team thought that functional MR imaging results altered patient and family counseling. In 38 (63%) of 60 patients, functional MR imaging results helped to avoid further studies, including Wada test. In 31 (52%) and 25 (42%) of 60 patients, intraoperative mapping and surgical plans, respectively, were altered because of functional MR imaging results. In five (8%) patients, two-stage surgery with extra-operative direct electrical stimulation mapping was averted, and resection was accomplished in one stage. In four (7%) patients, extent of surgical resection was altered because eloquent areas were identified close to seizure focus. CONCLUSION Functional MR imaging results influenced diagnostic and therapeutic decision making of the seizure team; results indicated language dominance changed, confidence level in identification of critical brain function areas increased, patient and family counseling were altered, and intraoperative mapping and surgical approach were altered.
INVESTING UNDER INSTITUTIONAL UNCERTAINTY: THE CHOICE AND CONSEQUENCE OF GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES

Economic liberalization in emerging emerging economies has presented many investment opportunities to private investors. Despite greater extent of capital inflow, investments in emerging economies still retain many features conflicting with management of a market system. Drawing from transaction cost economics and institution-based view; we investigate private investors? choice of various governance structures under institutional uncertainty. We find evidence that different investments vary systematically in their governance structure to respond in a coordinative manner to uncertainty in the institutional environments and to asset specific investments. Our findings suggest that success of private investments is affected by the choice of governance structures.
Customer Loyalty in the ADSL Services Market in Spain: Background and Moderating Effects

It is important for asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) service operators to maintain a stable and lasting relationship with customers. They thus need to know which are the factors influencing customer loyalty, and how those relationships of influence are established. In the present study, structural analysis applied to data from a sample of 525 ADSL users showed the variables perceived quality, perceived value, and satisfaction to act as antecedents of loyalty. A novel finding of the study was the importance of the user's attitude and aptitude with respect to Internet as variables moderating the relationships of the model.
Tunneling enhanced by web page content block partition for focused crawling

The complexity of web information environments and multiple‐topic web pages are negative factors significantly affecting the performance of focused crawling. A highly relevant region in a web page may be obscured because of low overall relevance of that page. Segmenting the web pages into smaller units will significantly improve the performance. Conquering and traversing irrelevant page to reach a relevant one (tunneling) can improve the effectiveness of focused crawling by expanding its reach. This paper presents a heuristic‐based method to enhance focused crawling performance. The method uses a Document Object Model (DOM)‐based page partition algorithm to segment a web page into content blocks with a hierarchical structure and investigates how to take advantage of block‐level evidence to enhance focused crawling by tunneling. Page segmentation can transform an uninteresting multi‐topic web page into several single topic context blocks and some of which may be interesting. Accordingly, focused crawler can pursue the interesting content blocks to retrieve the relevant pages. Experimental results indicate that this approach outperforms Breadth‐First, Best‐First and Link‐context algorithm both in harvest rate, target recall and target length. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New frontiers in open innovation

PART I: OPEN INNOVATION: TEN YEARS LATER PART II: ANALYZING OPEN INNOVATION AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ANALYSIS PART III: NEW APPLICATION FIELDS FOR OPEN INNOVATION PART IV: MANAGING AND ORGANIZING OPEN INNOVATION PART V: CONCLUSIONS
Pubic Symphyseal Width in Pediatric Patients

Traditionally, there has been no readily available and statistically sound method for evaluating the normal pubic symphyseal width in children. Normal values for the width of the pubic symphysis in the pediatric population are useful for determining pathologic widening, either congenital or posttraumatic. This investigation was directed at determining a reference range for the normal pubic symphyseal width according to age, age group, gender, and when combining these variables. Overall, the study found that the normal measurement for pediatric pubic symphyseal width ranges from 0.52 to 0.84 cm. The data also showed that the mean pubic symphyseal width for all variables combined was 0.68 cm (standard deviation of 0.16 cm and a 95% confidence interval of 0.668 to 0.690) and that anything greater than 0.84 cm needs further evaluation for pathology. The interclass correlation coefficient, test of interrater reliability, yielded moderate reliability of measurements between physicians.
Donor liver uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 deficiency causing Gilbert's syndrome in liver transplant recipients.

BACKGROUND Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 deficiency, causing Gilbert's syndrome, has been attributed to two extra (TA) bases in the TATAA-box of the promoter region of its gene, where the A(TA)6TAA allele corresponds to the normal gene and A(TA)7TAA corresponds to a gene with reduced expression. Our aim was to determine whether isolated hyperbilirubinemia in liver transplant recipients was due to Gilbert's syndrome acquired through the liver allograft. METHODS From 305 patients followed in our Liver Transplant Clinic, five patients with isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of hemolysis, recurrent viral hepatitis, and biliary tract pathology were identified; 10 other post-orthotopic liver transplantion patients with normal liver chemistry tests were randomly selected as a control group. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded liver allograft tissue and peripheral lymphocytes and was genotyped for the TA repeat at the uridine diphosphate glucononosyltransferase-lA1 promoter region by polymerase chain reaction and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Homozygosity for the (TA)7 allele was considered diagnostic of Gilbert's syndrome. RESULTS The mean serum total bilirubin level of the study patients was 2.28 mg/dl (range 1.8-3.0), consisting predominantly of the unconjugated form; that of the control patients was 0.76 mg/dl (range 0.4-1.1). The liver tissue from all five patients in the study group possessed the homozygous A(TA)7TAA genotype that was not observed in their lymphocytes. None of the liver tissue from the control patients demonstrated homozygosity for the A(TA)7TAA allele. CONCLUSION Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase-1A1 deficiency, causing Gilbert's syndrome, may be carried by the donor liver and present with isolated unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in liver transplant recipients.
The Role of Wikipedia in Text Analysis and Retrieval

This tutorial examines the characteristics, advantages and limitations of Wikipedia relative to other existing, human-curated resources of knowledge; derivative resources, created by converting semi-structured content in Wikipedia into structured data; the role of Wikipedia and its derivatives in text analysis; and the role of Wikipedia and its derivatives in enhancing information retrieval.
Electrophopretic mobility of soft particles.

A recent theory of electrophoresis of "soft" particles, i.e., polyelectrolyte-coated colloidal particles (Ohshima, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1994, 163, 474-483), is reviewed. This theory unites two different electrophoresis theories for rigid colloidal spherical particles and for spherical polyelectrolytes. An example is given of the analysis of electrophoretic mobility data on hydrogel-layer-coated latex particles.
Influence of E-HRM in decision making in selected tertiary institutions in South Africa

Ukandu. N.E. , Iwu. C.G. , Allen-lle. C.O. K. (2014). “Influence of E-HRM in decision making in selected tertiary institutions in South Africa”. - The definitive, peer-reviewed and edited version of this article is published in Problems and Perspectives in Management, Volume 12, Issue 4, 2014
Update on Mechanism and Catalytic Regulation in the NO Synthases*

Nitric-oxide synthases (NOSs, EC 1.14.13.39) 1 oxidize L -ar-ginine to nitric oxide (NO) and are interesting for several reasons. They are present in many life forms (1, 2), their gene regulation is complex (3), they are the only flavoheme enzymes that utilize tetrahydrobiopterin (H 4 B) as a redox cofactor, and their electron transfer reactions are regulated by a Ca 2 (cid:1) -bind-ing protein (calmodulin). In the past 5 years, crystal structures of NOS heme (oxygenase) domains and bacterial NOS-like proteins have shown how Arg, heme, and H 4 B bind in the active site (4, 5). Reviews are available on NOS biochemistry (6), regulation (7, 8), protein-protein interactions (9), and post-translational modifications (10). This minireview updates the NO biosynthetic mechanism and describes a global catalytic model that highlights the role of NO as an intrinsic regulator.
Knowledge Creation in Hybrid Organisations: A Case Study in a Quasi-Governmental Organisation

The organisational structure of hybrid organisations is affected by multiple institutional influences, considering power flows and organisational processes from the public and private sectors. Given this dynamic, the process of knowledge creation presents some particularities. This article aims to understand the specificities of knowledge creation in large hybrid organisations characterized as large structures with multiple institutional influences, based on a case study of a Brazilian organisation — SESC. Data collection was based on four sources: (i) documental research; (ii) questionnaire with evocative phrases; (iii) structured interviews; and (iv) direct observation. The content analysis technique was used to codify and interpret information. The results offer significant contributions for these hybrid organisations, indicating that they need to access how the bureaucratic model inhibits their knowledge creation, while restricting tacit knowledge sharing, causing the lack of sense of urgency and reducing autonomy and creativity.
Artificial neural networks based age estimation of electronic devices

Predictive maintenance is a promising approach but upgrading existing machinery is expensive and difficult, thus replacing the machines is economically not worthwhile. A simple solution to upgrade existing machinery is required. With the proposed age estimation of electronic devices a first step towards such a system is taken. A test setup for accelerated aging of switched mode power supplies as well as a software defined radio based system for data acquisition is proposed. The necessary steps to transfer the measured samples into frequency domain and to prepare the data for evaluation with an artificial neural network are discussed. Two experiments are performed with the proposed test setup and neural network architecture, yielding promising results. With the two experiments the validity of the proposed approach is shown and further research is encouraged. Finally, a number of future steps are discussed.
OPERATIONAL RISK CAPITAL PROVISIONS FOR BANKS AND INSURANCE COMPANIES

Operational risk has become recognized as a major risk class because of huge operational losses experienced by many financial firms over the last past decade. Unlike market risk, credit risk, and insurance risk, for which firms and scholars have designed efficient methodologies, there are few tools to help analyze and quantify operational risk. The new Basel Revised Framework for International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards (Basel II) gives substantial flexibility to internationally active banks to set up their own risk assessment models in the context of the Advanced Measurement Approaches (AMA). This paper investigates the implications for using the AMA as a method to assess operational risk capital charges for banks and insurance companies within Basel II paradigms and with regard to U.S. regulations. The AMA developed in the paper uses actuarial loss models complemented by the extreme value theory to determine the empirical probability distribution function of the aggregated capital charges in the context of various classes of copulas. Publicly available operational risk loss data set is used for the empirical exercise.
Expend Research on the Heinrich Rule of Zhejiang Province Special Equipment Accidents

Traditional heinrich rule only revealed the frequency and severity of accidents, while security threats and dangerous occurrences were not paid great attentions and intrinsically safe problems could not be solved radically. Under the basis of total number, conclusions matched with heinrich rule were drown. As the expend of heinrich rule, large accidents: "deaths: ordinary accidents: great threats: ordinary threats" is "0:50:50:600:70000:∝". This relationship can be the reliable evidence for the accident prevents and hazard identification. Accidents and control were also be investigated utterly.