Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth status and obesity of Hopi children

The purpose of this study was to examine the growth status and prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in Hopi children. Subjects were 263 (117 males, 146 females) Hopi children 6–12 years of age. Stature and mass were measured and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Body size variables were plotted relative to age‐ and sex‐specific reference data and the prevalence rates for underweight, overweight, and obesity were estimated using the BMI as the criterion. Age‐specific sex differences were compared using independent samples t‐tests. In both sexes, mean age‐specific stature appeared to be relatively stable around the 50th percentile of reference values. Mean age‐specific mass appeared to be relatively stable between the 50th and 90th percentiles of the reference values, while the mean BMI tended to fluctuate about the 85th percentile. Approximately 23% of Hopi children were classified as overweight and an additional 24% were classified as obese. Only two subjects were categorized as underweight. The results are consistent with other reports that childhood obesity is a serious public health concern among Native Americans. Further study is warranted to examine the causes of the high prevalence rates of pediatric obesity among Native Americans and the effectiveness of prevention and intervention programs. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15:741–745, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection Control Recommendations for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: Microbiology, Important Pathogens, and Infection Control Practices to Prevent Patient-to-Patient Transmission

Infection Control Recommendations for Patients With Cystic Fibrosis: Microbiology, Important Pathogens, and Infection Control Practices to Prevent Patient-to-Patient Transmission updates, expands, and replaces the consensus statement, Microbiology and Infectious Disease in Cystic Fibrosis published in 1994. This consensus document presents background data and evidence-based recommendations for practices that are intended to decrease the risk of transmission of respiratory pathogens among CF patients from contaminated respiratory therapy equipment or the contaminated environment and thereby reduce the burden of respiratory illness. Included are recommendations applicable in the acute care hospital, ambulatory, home care, and selected non-healthcare settings. The target audience includes all healthcare workers who provide care to CF patients. Antimicrobial management is beyond the scope of this document.
Grid Computing on Massively Multi-User Online Platform

Large-scale online applications such as Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) require large amount of computing resources that support many players interacting simultaneously. Cluster computing is the technology mostly used by online game designing firms. Cluster computing is limited by the number and types of computers it can manage, but these computers are usually in the same geographical location. On the other hand, Grid computing offers large-scale high performance distributed computing which connects various types of computing resources on the Internet. In this paper, we design a Grid computing platform called the Massively Multi-user Online Platform (MMOP). The objectives of this proposed design are to offer scalability, flexibility, and simplicity to the development processes of distributed applications. MMOP allows executions of applications based on specified policy rules with dynamic addition of computing resources at run-time. Each application is managed separately, and multiple large-scale applications can share a single computing architecture. An online game has been built to test the functional behavior of the MMOP. From the simulation results, the MMOP has demonstrated as a high performance and scalable computing architecture.
Power and Energy Aware Design of an Autonomous Wireless Sensor Node

The design of Wireless Sensor Networks is a challenge, requiring to correctly balancing between performance, time, cost and energy. But the main problem with rechargeable WSNs is to predict at design time which will be the total system autonomy. Moreover, it depends on the energy harvested from the environment, and we know that weather may be very unsettled. Thus, it is crucial to design and fine scale the entire power supply chain in order to produce a robust WSN. In this article, we propose an energy estimator able to handle environment like weather parameters to estimate the system autonomy. The key innovation comes from the capability to dynamically rebuild the models all along the project evolution with real measurements on the hardware and to include weather forecasts as dynamic parameters of the DPM policy. Finally, we have experiment various configurations and compared the hardware WSN against the simulator. The results have validated the relevance of the estimator for prospecting various energy problems. By experiment, the estimator has shown that most environmental energy was wasted due to the battery charging constraints. This will foresee the opportunities of energy gains, and the definition of newer extra power modes for the Dynamic Power Management. This work contributes to the domain for WSN design methodology, energy scavenging and energy management to optimize system autonomy.
Modelyze : a Gradually Typed Host Language for Embedding Equation-Based Modeling Languages

Equation-based modeling languages provide an effective means to simulate the physical part of a cyber-physical system. Such languages are complex domain-specific languages that enable model engineers, such as mechanical engineers, to declaratively model the dynamics of systems. However, these modeling languages do not support all modeling needs, which has lead to frequent revisions of state-of-the-art languages. In this article we explore a solution to this extensibility problem based on domain-specific embedded languages. We introduce a host language, named Modelyze, in which modeling languages may be easily embedded. The key features of Modelyze are first-class functions, which provide a mechanism to abstract components of a model, and symbolic expressions, to represent and manipulate equations. The type system for symbolic expressions supports model-level static error checking and provides an automatic lifting translation to provide seamless integration between the host language and the equations represented by symbolic expressions. The type system is based on gradual typing, enabling early static checking for model engineers while providing expressiveness for domain experts. We evaluate this approach by embedding a series of equation-based modeling languages in Modelyze and using them to develop models.
Seer: A Lightweight Online Failure Prediction Approach

Online failure prediction approaches aim to predict the manifestation of failures at runtime before the failures actually occur. Existing approaches generally refrain themselves from collecting internal execution data, which can further improve the prediction quality. One reason behind this general trend is the runtime overhead incurred by the measurement instruments that collect the data. Since these approaches are targeted at deployed software systems, excessive runtime overhead is generally undesirable. In this work we conjecture that large cost reductions in collecting internal execution data for online failure prediction may derive from pushing the substantial parts of the data collection work onto the hardware. To test this hypothesis, we present a lightweight online failure prediction approach, called Seer, in which most of the data collection work is performed by fast hardware performance counters. The hardware-collected data is augmented with further data collected by a minimal amount of software instrumentation that is added to the systems software. In our empirical evaluations conducted on three open source projects, Seer performed significantly better than other related approaches in predicting the manifestation of failures.
Improvements on a Planar Inverted-F Antenna using Electromagnetic BandGap structures

This paper presents the effect of an EBG, Electromagnetic Band-Gap, structure as the ground plane of a PIFA, Planar Inverted-F Antenna. The PIFA is a type of antenna which has been used in many communication applications. It is a medium bandwidth radiator with reduced dimensions. The EBG structures have special electromagnetic properties such as high surface impedance and suppression of propagating surface currents within a frequency band, called band-gap, which are very useful for wireless applications. The EBG presented is the mushroom-like EBG structure and it is used as the antenna ground plane to improve some antenna characteristics such as bandwidth, gain and directivity.
How do student and classroom characteristics affect attitude toward mathematics? A multivariate multilevel analysis

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effects of student and classroom characteristics on math self-confidence, perceived usefulness, and enjoyment of mathematics as multiple outcomes. A sample of 7th-grade students from 78 classes of 49 schools was studied. The data were collected using, among other instruments, an attitude questionnaire. The results of the multivariate multilevel analysis showed that the variance of the 3 indicators was situated mostly at the student level, and that the indicators correlated strongly at the class level. Higher prior mathematics achievement and positive parental beliefs and attitudes were significant predictors of higher scores across the 3 indicators. Each of the baseline indicators was significantly associated with its corresponding final indicator. At the classroom level, classroom assessment was significantly associated with less endorsement of all 3 indicators, higher levels of classroom modeling with greater endorsement of perceived usefulness of mathematics, and classroom questioning with greater enjoyment of mathematics.
Improving BLSTM RNN based Mandarin speech recognition using accent dependent bottleneck features

This paper proposes an approach to perform accent adaptation by using accent dependent bottleneck (BN) features to improve the performance of multi-accent Mandarin speech recognition system. The architecture of the adaptation uses two neural networks. First, deep neural network (DNN) acoustic model acts as a feature extractor which is used to extract accent dependent BN (BN-DNN) features. The input features of the BN-DNN model are MFCC features appended with i-vectors features. Second, bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural network (RNN) based acoustic model is used to perform accent-specific adaptation. The input features of the BLSTM RNN model are accent dependent BN features appended with MFCC features. Experiments on RASC863 and CASIA regional accent speech corpus show that the proposed method obtains obvious improvement compared with the BLSTM RNN baseline model.
Diversity of glycine receptors in the mouse retina: Localization of the α2 subunit

γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine are the major inhibitory neurotransmitters in the retina, glycine being produced in approximately half of all amacrine cells. Whereas retinal cell types expressing the glycine receptor (GlyR) α1 and α3 subunits have been mapped, the role of the α2 subunit in retinal circuitry remains unclear. By using immunocytochemistry, we localized the α2 subunit in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in brightly fluorescent puncta, which represent postsynaptically clustered GlyRs. This was shown by doubly labeling sections for GlyR α2 and bassoon (a presynaptic marker) or gephyrin (a postsynaptic marker). Synapses containing GlyR α2 were rarely found on ganglion cell dendrites but were observed on bipolar cell axon terminals and on amacrine cell processes. Recently, an amacrine cell type has been described that is immunopositive for glycine and for the vesicular glutamate transporter vGluT3. The processes of this cell type were presynaptic to GlyR α2 puncta, suggesting that vGluT3 amacrine cells release glycine. Double labeling of sections for GlyR α1 and GlyR α2 subunits showed that they are clustered at different synapses. In sections doubly labeled for GlyR α2 and GlyR α3, approximately one‐third of the puncta were colocalized. The most abundant GlyR subtype in retina contains α3 subunits, followed by those containing GlyR α2 and GlyR α1 subunits. J. Comp. Neurol. 477:399–411, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANALYTIC DESCRIPTION OF THE ROSSITER–MCLAUGHLIN EFFECT FOR TRANSITING EXOPLANETS: CROSS-CORRELATION METHOD AND COMPARISON WITH SIMULATED DATA

We obtain analytical expressions for the velocity anomaly due to the Rossiter–McLaughlin (RM) effect, for the case when the anomalous radial velocity is obtained by cross-correlation with a stellar template spectrum. In the limit of vanishing width of the stellar absorption lines, our result reduces to the formula derived by Ohta et al., which is based on the first moment of distorted stellar lines. Our new formula contains a term dependent on the stellar line width, which becomes important when rotational line broadening is appreciable. We generate mock transit spectra for four existing exoplanetary systems (HD 17156, TrES-2, TrES-4, and HD 209458) following the procedure of Winn et al., and find that the new formula is in better agreement with the velocity anomaly extracted from the mock data. Thus, our result provides a more reliable analytical description of the velocity anomaly due to the RM effect, and explains the previously observed dependence of the velocity anomaly on the stellar rotation velocity.
Combining Rule-based and Data-driven Techniques for Grammatical Relation Extraction in Spoken Language

We investigate an aspect of the relationship between parsing and corpus-based methods in NLP that has received relatively little attention: coverage augmentation in rule-based parsers. In the specific task of determining grammatical relations (such as subjects and objects) in transcribed spoken language, we show that a combination of rule-based and corpus-based approaches, where a rule-based system is used as the teacher (or an automatic data annotator) to a corpus-based system, outperforms either system in isolation.
A study of alcoholism in half siblings.

The authors studied the incidence of alcoholism in children who had an alcoholic biologic parent but who were raised by nonalcoholic parent figures and in children who did not have an alcoholic biologic parent and who were raised by alcoholic parent figures. Similarly, children with and without alcoholic biologic parents who shared their childhood homes with alcoholic probands were compared. For each comparison of genetic and environmental factors, the genetic factor seemed to he more closely associated with the development of alcoholism.
Validation of a portable instrument for assessing tremor severity in epidemiologic field studies

An important part of epidemiologic and genetic studies of essential tremor (ET) is an assessment of tremor severity. Clinical rating scales are semiquantitative and computerized tremor analysis, available at tertiary medical centers, is not transportable into the field. As part of an epidemiologic study, we modified the Klove‐Matthews Motor Steadiness Battery, collecting objective quantitative data on tremor severity in patients with ET and control subjects.
Cleft-related nose deformation evaluation and measurement methods. Literature review.

INTRODUCTION Rhinoplasty for the cleft lip and palate patient is very challenging and surgical outcome of the nose is difficult to evaluate. Discussions of aesthetic evaluation of the nose in cleft lip and palate patients remain problematical. Many different nose aesthetic evaluation methods have been described in the literature; they differ even among articles published in a single year. AIM To analyse the literature concerning aesthetic evaluation of the nose in cleft lip and palate patients and to identify the most objective method for such evaluation postoperatively. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature was reviewed using MedLine and PubMed sources dated between January 1996 and December 2014. In total, 118 full text articles in English language were selected. Exclusion criteria were: case reports, surgical reviews, literature review, and single evaluations of nasal function. RESULTS Measurements were obtained from two-dimensional images in 73 articles. Noses were evaluated from 3D images in 22 and by clinical examination in 15. Other methods were evaluation from dental/facial casts, cephalometric evaluation, computer tomography and video recording. In 26 articles some combination of methods was used. CONCLUSIONS The most popular evaluation method is still two-dimensional photography and measurements using anthropometric facial landmarks. Measurements from three-dimensional images seem to be the most objective method and automated facial anthropometric landmark protraction seems to hold promise for the future.
Timing of hepatectomy in resectable synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCRLM): Simultaneous or delayed?

The optimal surgical strategy for treatment of patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLRM) remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of all observational studies to define the safety and efficacy of simultaneous versus delayed resection of the colon and liver. A search for all major databases and relevant journals from inception to April 2012 without restriction on languages or regions was performed. Outcome measures were the primary parameters of postoperative survival, complication, and mortality, as well as other parameters of blood loss, operative time, and length of hospitalization. The test of heterogeneity was performed with the Q statistic. A total of 2,880 patients were included in the meta‐analysis. Long‐term oncological pooled estimates of overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81‐1.14; P = 0.64; I2 = 0) and recurrence‐free survival (HR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.76‐1.43; P = 0.79; I2 = 53%) all showed similar outcomes for both simultaneous and delayed resections. A lower incidence of postoperative complication was attributed to the simultaneous group as opposed to that in the delayed group (modified relative ratio [RR] = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67‐0.89; P = 0.0002; I2 = 10%), whereas in terms of mortality within the postoperative 60 days no statistical difference was detected (RR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.61‐2.08; P = 0.71; I2 = 32%). Finally, selection criteria were recommended for SCRLM patients suitable for a simultaneous resection. Conclusion: Simultaneous resection is as efficient as a delayed procedure for long‐term survival. There is evidence that in SCRLM patients simultaneous resection is an acceptable and safe option with carefully selected conditions. Due to the inherent limitations of the present study, future randomized controlled trials will be useful to confirm this conclusion. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2346–2357)
New distances of unresolved dwarf elliptical galaxies in the vicinity of the Local Group

We present Surface Brightness Fluctuation distances of nine early-type dwarf galaxies and the SO galaxy NGC 4150 in the Local Volume based on deep B- and R-band CCD images obtained with the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope. Typically, six stellar fields at various galactocentric distances have been chosen for each galaxy as appropriately free of foreground stars and other contaminants, and Fourier analysed to determine the distances, which are found to lie in the range of 3 to 16 Mpc. The SBF method is thus demonstrated to efficiently measure distances from the ground with mid-aperture telescopes for galaxies for which only the tip of the red giant branch method in combination with the Hubble Space Telescope has been available until now. We obtained the following distance moduli: 28.11 ± 0.15 mag (or 4.2 ± 0.3 Mpc) for UGC 1703, 27.61 ± 0.17 mag for 3.3 ± 0.3 Mpc) for KDG 61, 29.00 ± 0.27 mag (or 6.3 ± 0.8 Mpc) for UGCA 200, 27.74 ± 0.18 mag (or 3.5 ± 0.3 Mpc) for UGC 5442, 30.22 ± 0.17 mag (or 11.1 ± 0.9 Mpc) for UGC 5944, 30.79 ± 0.11 mag (or 14.4 ± 0.7 Mpc) for NGC 4150, 31.02 ± 0.25 mag (or 16.0 ± 1.9 Mpc) for BTS 128, 29.27 ± 0.16 mag (or 7.1 ± 0.6 Mpc) for UGC 7639, 30.19 ± 0.23 mag (or 10.9 ± 1.2 Mpc) for UGC 8799 with an alternative distance of 30.61 ± 0.26 mag (or 13.2 ± 1.7 Mpc), and 29.60 ± 0.20 mag (or 8.3 ± 0.8 Mpc) for UGC 8882.
The application of Bayesian statistics in measuring anonymity

There are numerous efforts to measure the degree of anonymity. Among which the entropy anonymity is a popular one. However in practice entropy anonymity is hardly used because one of its assumptions is difficult to meet. In this paper we propose a method to tackle this problem. Our method is based on Bayesian statistics and can be used to compare the entropy anonymity of different anonymous communication systems. We use this method to analyze Threshold Mix to show its effectiveness and usefulness.
Severe Toxic Damage to the Rabbit Spinal Cord after Intrathecal Administration of Preservative-free S(+)-Ketamine

Background: Ketamine and S(+)-ketamine have been advocated for neuraxial use in the management of postoperative pain and severe intractable pain syndromes unresponsive to opioid escalation. Although clinical experience has accumulated with S(+)-ketamine, safety data on toxicity in the central nervous system after neuraxial administration of S(+)-ketamine are conflicting. In this study, neurologic and toxicologic effects on the spinal cord from repeated daily intrathecal administration of commercially available, preservative-free S(+)-ketamine were evaluated against placebo in a randomized, blinded design. Methods: Eighteen white New Zealand rabbits were assigned to two groups receiving either 0.5 ml intrathecal S(+)-ketamine, 0.5% solution (12 rabbits), or 0.5 ml saline (6 rabbits) once a day for 7 consecutive days. During general anesthesia, an intrathecal catheter was placed between the fifth and sixth spinous processes (lumbar). Neurologic (according to Tarlov criteria) and histopathologic assessments were performed after 7 days of treatment. Results: Postmortem investigation of the spinal cord and nerve roots revealed histopathologic lesions suggestive of toxic damage in 11 rabbits, from the group of 12 animals receiving S(+)-ketamine. These results were significantly different compared with 5 control animals (no histologic changes observed). There was no significant difference in neurologic status between the two groups after 7 days of intrathecal treatment. Conclusions: The authors conclude that repeated intrathecal administration of preservative-free S(+)-ketamine in a clinically relevant concentration and dosage has, considering the extent and severity of the lesions, a toxic effect on the central nervous system of rabbits.
Software methodology for development of a trusted BMS: identification of critical problems

The vast range of security levels/compartments, complex ownership, continuous evolution, adaptive policy requirements, and the large size of battle management systems (BMSs) make it evident that the trust issues are substantial and will require extensive attention throughout the development cycle of the system. The authors outline the software development process for a BMS and identify where trusted system development requirements fit into the process. The focus is on the identification and discussion of eight leverage points that cut across the entire development process and provide the greatest opportunity to affect the security of the software that is developed. These points are visibility, protocols, downloading, configuration control, monitoring and measurement, environment, communication, and verification. <<ETX>>