Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Historians Who Love Too Much: Reflections on Microhistory and Biography”

One warm August afternoon three summers ago, I sat in the crisply air-conditioned Special Collections reading room at the Amherst College Library, stroking Noah Webster's hair. It was coarse, red, and, needless to say, no longer attached to his head. Earlier that day I had come across the catalog entry "Lock of hair" in the finding guide for the Noah Webster Family Papers and had smiled at the quaintness of it, of someone thinking Webster's hair-his hair! -was precious enough to preserve. I imagined Webster's daughter Eliza carefully clipping a length of her father's hair (and her mother's, too), tying the locks with ribbon, and placing them in a neatly labeled envelope. Keeping locks of loved ones' hair was common in Eliza's time, of course, but it still struck me as terribly sweet. Maybe a bit too sweet, I thought, in my jaded, scholarly way, never expecting the effect it would have on me. In our everyday life, touching someone's hair is an incredibly intimate gesture-exchanged between besotted lovers, between doting parents and their milky newborns-and when I traded in my yellow call slip for that swirl of ginger hair I found myself feeling closer to Webster than I had ever felt when reading even his most personal papers. That lifeless, limp hair had spent decades in an envelope, in a folder, in a box, on a shelf, but holding it in the palm of my hand made me feel an eerie intimacy with Noah himself. And, against all logic, it made me feel as though I knew him -and, even less logically, liked him -just a bit better.1 Finding out and writing about people, living or dead, is tricky work. It is necessary to balance intimacy with distance while at the same time being inquisitive to the point of invasiveness. Getting too close to your subject is a major danger, but not getting to know her well enough is just as likely. Unfortunately, much as biogra-
[Juglone inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human cervical squamous cancer SiHa cells].

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of juglone on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical squamous cancer SiHa cells. METHODS Cultured SiHa cells in the exponential growth phase were grouped into blank control group and 10, 20, 50, 80 and 100 μmol/L juglone treatment groups. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was adopted to observe the inhibitory effect of juglone on the proliferation of SiHa cells, and then 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was calculated through formula. Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of 20 μmol/L juglone on SiHa cell apoptosis. Western blot was applied to determine the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS MTT assay showed that, compared with the control group, treatment groups all showed significant inhibitory effects on SiHa cell growth, and IC50 was 20.4 μmol/L. Flow cytometry demonstrated that early apoptosis rate of SiHa cells in the control group was (2.46 ± 0.37)%, and after treatment with 20 μmol/L Juglone for 12 hours, the apoptosis rate was raised to (18.47 ± 2.26)%; Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Bcl-2 decreased while the expression of Bax increased significantly in SiHa cells treated with 20 μmol/L juglone. CONCLUSION Juglone could significantly inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of SiHa cells.
Do interleukin polymorphisms play a role in the prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence by dietary flavonols?

Chemopreventive dietary compounds, such as flavonols, may inhibit colorectal carcinogenesis partly by altering cytokine expression and attenuating inflammation. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of genes encoding cytokines may influence flavonol-induced changes in cytokine expression and consequently cancer risk. Using logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between SNPs of interleukin (IL)-1&bgr;, 6, 8, and 10 alone or combined with flavonol intake or serum IL concentration changes, and adenoma recurrence in 808 participants from the intervention arm of the Polyp Prevention Trial, a 4-year intervention study evaluating the effectiveness of a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit and vegetable diet on adenoma recurrence. Overall, SNPs in genes encoding IL-1&bgr;, 6, 8, and 10 were not associated with their corresponding serum concentrations or adenoma recurrence. However, individuals homozygous for IL-10 −592 C (OR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.07–4.66, Pinteraction=0.03) orIL-10 −819 C (OR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.05–4.51, Pinteraction=0.05) had an elevated risk of high-risk adenoma recurrence when their serum IL-10 concentrations increased during the trial. In addition, IL-6 −174 GG in combination with above median flavonol intake (OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.66) or with decreased IL-6 concentrations (OR=0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65) reduced the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence, although the interaction term was not statistically significant. In conclusion, our results suggest that IL SNPs, in combination with a flavonol-rich diet or decreased serum IL, may lower the risk of adenoma recurrence.
Exploration of human brain tumour metabolism using pairwise metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis (MMCA) of HR-MAS 1H NMR spectra

Methods We quantified 378 HRMAS 1H NMR spectra of human brain tumours (132 glioblastomas, 101 astrocytomas, 75 meningiomas, 37 oligodendrogliomas and 33 metastases) from the eTumour database and looked for metabolic interactions by metabolite-metabolite correlation analysis (MMCA). Results All tumour types showed remarkably similar metabolic correlations. Lactate correlated positively with alanine, glutamate with glutamine; creatine + phosphocreatine (tCr) correlated positively with lactate, alanine and choline + phosphocholine + glycerophosphocholine (tCho), and tCho correlated positively with lactate; fatty acids correlated negatively with lactate, glutamate + glutamine (tGlut), tCr and tCho. Oligodendrogliomas had fewer correlations but they still fitted that pattern. Conclusions Possible explanations include (i) glycolytic tumour cells (the Warburg effect) generating pyruvate which is converted to lactate, alanine, glutamate and then glutamine; (ii) an association between elevated glycolysis and increased choline turnover in membranes; (iii) an increase in the tCr pool to facilitate phosphocreatine-driven glutamate uptake; (iv) lipid signals come from cytosolic lipid droplets in necrotic or pre-necrotic tumour tissue that has lower concentrations of anabolic and catabolic metabolites. Additional metabolite exchanges with host cells may also be involved. If tumours co-opt a standard set of biochemical mechanisms to grow in the brain, then drugs might be developed to disrupt those mechanisms.
1000 days of UDP amplification DDoS attacks

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks employing reflected UDP amplification are regularly used to disrupt networks and systems. The amplification allows one rented server to generate significant volumes of data, while the reflection hides the identity of the attacker. Consequently this is an attractive, low risk, strategy for criminals bent on vandalism and extortion. To measure the uptake of this strategy we analyse the results of running a network of honeypot UDP reflectors (median size 65 nodes) from July 2014 onwards. We explore the life cycle of attacks that use our reflectors, from the scanning phase used to detect our honeypot machines, through to their use in attacks. We see a median of 1 450 malicious scanners per day across all UDP protocols, and have recorded details of 5.18 million subsequent attacks involving in excess of 3.31 trillion packets. Using a capture-recapture statistical technique, we estimate that our reflectors can see between 85.1% and 96.6% of UDP reflection attacks over our measurement period.
Critical Determinants for Chromatin Binding by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yng1 Exist Outside of the Plant Homeodomain Finger

The temporal and spatial regulation of histone post-translational modifications is essential for proper chromatin structure and function. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae NuA3 histone acetyltransferase complex modifies the amino-terminal tail of histone H3, but how NuA3 is targeted to specific regions of the genome is not fully understood. Yng1, a subunit of NuA3 and a member of the Inhibitor of Growth (ING) protein family, is required for the interaction of NuA3 with chromatin. This protein contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that specifically interacts with lysine 4-trimethylated histone H3 (H3K4me3) in vitro. This initially suggested that NuA3 is targeted to regions bearing the H3K4me3 mark; however, deletion of the Yng1 PHD finger does not disrupt the interaction of NuA3 with chromatin or result in a phenotype consistent with loss of NuA3 function in vivo. In this study, we uncovered the molecular basis for the discrepancies in these data. We present both genetic and biochemical evidence that full-length Yng1 has two independent histone-binding motifs: an amino-terminal motif that binds unmodified H3 tails and a carboxyl-terminal PHD finger that specifically recognizes H3K4me3. Although these motifs can bind histones independently, together they increase the apparent association of Yng1 for the H3 tail.
The highly sensitive optical measurement of absolute SAW amplitudes for power flow analysis

The established optical method for the measurement of surface acoustic wave (SAW) amplitudes (simple probing) has been modified to result in the effective separation of scattered light from the SAW-diffracted light by means of two single mode optical fibers. In this way, the photodetector noise is drastically reduced, and absolute SAW amplitudes of 10/sup -12/ in can be detected easily. Using an additional precise measurement of the nondiffracted light by means of fiber shifting, the SAW amplitudes can be calibrated with an error of less than 3%. This method can be applied to deliver an accurate power flow analysis in SAW devices. As an example, for a YZ-LiNbO/sub 3/ transducer, the measured and calculated SAW power densities were found to agree within better than 6%.
Global Invasion History of the Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta

Argentine fire ants have spread around the world from a population that was first established a century ago in North America. The fire ant Solenopsis invicta is a significant pest that was inadvertently introduced into the southern United States almost a century ago and more recently into California and other regions of the world. An assessment of genetic variation at a diverse set of molecular markers in 2144 fire ant colonies from 75 geographic sites worldwide revealed that at least nine separate introductions of S. invicta have occurred into newly invaded areas and that the main southern U.S. population is probably the source of all but one of these introductions. The sole exception involves a putative serial invasion from the southern United States to California to Taiwan. These results illustrate in stark fashion a severe negative consequence of an increasingly massive and interconnected global trade and travel system.
Conducting polymer-coated Physarum polycephalum towards the synthesis of bio-hybrid electronic devices

This paper presents a generic method for the production of functionalized coatings on biological substrates. The specific method described involves the functionalization of the living plasmodial stage of Physarum polycephalum with the conducting organic polymer polypyrrole. The simple method involves localized treatment of tube sections with a solution of ferric chloride, followed by exposure to the vapour or a liquid solution of the pyrrole monomer. This technique enables the production of surface-coated conducting plasmodial tubes of certain lengths to be formed at specific points. Measurement of the electrical resistance of a 1 cm functionalized tube gave a value of 100 k. The use of this selective functionalization technique means that the majority of the growing plasmodium remains unfunctionalized and living; thus, a true hybrid device is formed. It can be seen how a range of functionalized polymers and materials whereby a chemical activator, for the formation of the product (or the pre-cursor) can be added to P. polycephalum (or other organisms) followed by reaction to form a hybrid material.
RUBBER COVERED ROLLS- THE THERMOVISCOELASTIC PROBLEM A FINITE ELEMENT SOLUTION

SUMMARY The coupled thermomechanical behaviour of a layer of thermorheologically simple material bonded to a uniformly rotating rigid cylinder and indented by another rigid cylinder is studied by the finite element method. The various approximations necessary to reduce the problem to one of tractable size and the computational methods used are discussed in some detail. The complete thermal, deformation and stress fields may be computed. Some results, computed for a grid using 'rectangular' elements, presented graphically include the temperature distribution, the stress distribution near the bond surface, the contact pressure distribution and the asymmetric surface deformation of the rubberlike laver. In this paper we study the problem of the indentation, by a rigid cylinder, of a thermovisco- elastic layer bonded to a uniformly rotating rigid cylinder. Such a situation occurs in various industrial settings, e.g. the paper and pulp industry where both cylinders are of comparable diameters. Other industrial applications may involve quite different geometries. The approach presented here is applicable to all possible geometries. A schematic diagram of the system studied is shown in Figure 1. We assume that sufficient time has elapsed since the start up of the operation for the transient effects to become negligible and consequently we study the steady-state problem where the rubber-like layer has a constant angular velocity of.Q revolutions per sec. We briefly review the earlier work done on other aspects of the present problem. The analytic elastostatic1.2 and elastodynamic3 studies as well as the elastostatic numerical4 studies show that stresses at the bond surface decay to nearly zero values at points far from the contact region. In addition, the effects of the frictional force at the contact surface, for moderate values of the coefficient of friction, are not significant.2 Furthermore, dynamic forces do not cause any asym- metry in the deformation3 and numerical calculations, not included in Reference 3, show that the effect of these forces on the stress distribution is negligible for practical geometries and angular velocities.
Optimal Response‐Adaptive Designs for Normal Responses

Most of the available response‐adaptive designs in phase III clinical trial set up are not from any optimal consideration. An optimal design for binary responses is given by Rosenberger et al. (2001) and an optimal design for continuous responses is provided by Biswas and Mandal (2004). Recently, Zhang and Rosenberger (2006) [ZR] provided another design for normal responses. Biswas, Bhattacharya and Zhang (2007) pointed out that the design of ZR is not suitable for normally distributed responses, or any distribution having the possibility of negative mean, in general. But they only indicated the problem and bypassed the original problem and set up. In the present paper, we first start with the drawback of ZR. We then provide the appropriate optimal response‐adaptive design for normal or continuous distributions which provides the necessary correction for the ZR problem. The proposed methods are illustrated using some real data (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Error modeling and calibration of exteroceptive sensors for accurate mapping applications

Reliable robotic perception and planning are critical to performing autonomous actions in uncertain, unstructured environments. In field robotic systems, automation is achieved by interpreting exteroceptive sensor information to infer something about the world. This is then mapped to provide a consistent spatial context, so that actions can be planned around the predicted future interaction of the robot and the world. The whole system is as reliable as the weakest link in this chain. In this paper, the term mapping is used broadly to describe the transformation of range‐based exteroceptive sensor data (such as LIDAR or stereo vision) to a fixed navigation frame, so that it can be used to form an internal representation of the environment. The coordinate transformation from the sensor frame to the navigation frame is analyzed to produce a spatial error model that captures the dominant geometric and temporal sources of mapping error. This allows the mapping accuracy to be calculated at run time. A generic extrinsic calibration method for exteroceptive range‐based sensors is then presented to determine the sensor location and orientation. This allows systematic errors in individual sensors to be minimized, and when multiple sensors are used, it minimizes the systematic contradiction between them to enable reliable multisensor data fusion. The mathematical derivations at the core of this model are not particularly novel or complicated, but the rigorous analysis and application to field robotics seems to be largely absent from the literature to date. The techniques in this paper are simple to implement, and they offer a significant improvement to the accuracy, precision, and integrity of mapped information. Consequently, they should be employed whenever maps are formed from range‐based exteroceptive sensor data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Scaling Parameter Approach to Delay-Dependent State Estimation of Delayed Neural Networks

This brief is concerned with studying the delay-dependent state estimation problem of recurrent neural networks with time-varying delay. The neuron activation function is more general than the sigmoid functions, and the time-varying delay is allowed to vary fast with time. A scaling parameter based approach is proposed, and a delay-dependent criterion is derived under which the resulting error system is globally asymptotically stable. It is shown that the design of a proper state estimator is directly accomplished by means of the feasibility of a linear matrix inequality. Thanks to the introduction of a scaling parameter, the developed result can efficiently be applied to chaotic delayed neural networks.
A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Three Slice-Based Metrics for Cohesion

Sound empirical research suggests that we should analyze software metrics from a theoretical and practical perspective. This paper describes the result of an investigation into the respective merits of two cohesion-based metrics for program slicing. The Tightness and Overlap metrics were those originally proposed by Weiser for the procedural paradigm. We compare and contrast these two metrics with a third metric for the OO paradigm first proposed by Counsell et al. based on Hamming Distance and based on a matrix-based notation. We theoretically validated the three metrics using the properties of Kitchenham and then empirically validated the same three metrics; some revealing properties of the metrics were found as a result. In particular, that the OO-based metric was the most stable of the three; module length was not a confounding factor for the Hamming Distance-based metric; it was however for the two slice-based metrics supporting previous work by Meyers and Binkley. The number of module slices however, was found to be an even stronger influence on the values of the two slice-based metrics, whose near perfect correlation with each other suggests that they may be measuring the same software attribute. We calculated and then compared the three metrics using first, a set of manufactured, pre-determined modules as a preliminary analysis and second, approximately nine thousand functions from the modules of multiple versions of the Barcode system, used previously by Meyers and Binkley in their empirical study. The over-arching message of the research is that a combination of theoretical and empirical analysis can help significantly in comparing the viability and indeed choice of a metric or set of metrics. More specifically, although cohesion is a subjective measure, there are certain properties of a metric that are less desirable than others and it is these 'relative' features that distinguish metrics, make their comparison possible and their value more evident.
AdS3/CFT2 CORRESPONDENCE AT FINITE TEMPERATURE

The AdS/CFT correspondence is established for the AdS3 space compactified on a solid torus with the CFT field on the boundary. Correlation functions that correspond to the bulk theory at finite temperature are obtained in the regularization a la Gubser, Klebanov, and Polyakov. The BTZ black hole solutions in AdS3 are T-dual to the solution in the AdS3 space without singularity.
Demographic and life-history patterns in a population of ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar: a 15-year perspective.

Over 15 field seasons (1987-2001), we collected census and life-history data on a population of individually identified ring-tailed lemurs at the Beza Mahafaly Reserve, Madagascar. No significant difference was found in population size over the study period, though a marked decline in the population occurred following a 2-year drought. The population rebounded rapidly after the immediate postdrought period. There was nearly a complete replacement of individuals over the study period. Average group size is 11.5 animals, and adult male to female sex ratio is 0.92. Most females reproduce annually, and the average fecundity rate is 84.3%. The greatest variability in fecundity is found among old females. We suggest that ring-tailed lemur females follow an "income breeding" strategy, i.e., females use maximum resources during reproduction rather than relying on fat stores, as do "capital breeders. " Infant mortality to 1 year of age in a nondrought year is 52%, higher than infant mortality in small to medium-sized anthropoids. The oldest known female was 18 years old in 2001. We suggest that 18-20 years may represent the maximum life-span for wild ring-tailed lemurs. Because males regularly emigrate from the population, we have no data regarding male life-span; however, there is some indication that males do not survive as long as females. Group fission has occurred three times: twice from one parent group living in the driest area of the reserve, with the most dispersed food resources. We suggest that the reproductive strategy that has evolved in this species, wherein females reproduce early in life and annually until old age, is a response to the unusual climate and environmental conditions under which Lemur catta has evolved.
Antibacterial Activity of Retinaldehyde against Propionibacterium acnes

Background: Retinaldehyde has been shown to exert antibacterial activity in vitro. Aim: This study evaluates the effect of retinaldehyde on Propionibacterium acnes both in vivo and in vitro. Methods: Microbial minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of retinaldehyde and retinoic acid were determined on reference strains of P. acnes. In vivo activity of daily topical application of 0.05% retinaldehyde on the P. acnes density was evaluated after application in a single-blind randomised study. Results: MICs of retinaldehyde were 4 mg/l for P. acnes No. CIP179 and CIP53119 and 8 mg/l for P. acnes No. CIP53117. In contrast, the MICs of retinoic acid were superior to 128 mg/l for these three strains. In vivo, retinaldehyde-treated areas displayed a significant decrease in counts of viable P. acnes as compared with the untreated areas with a median decrease of 102 log P. acnes/cm2 after 2 weeks of daily application. Vehicle alone had no effect. Conclusion: The MIC of retinaldehyde against P. acnes suggests a direct antibacterial activity. Daily topical application of 0.05% retinaldehyde is associated with a clear reduction of the P. acnes density.