Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Statistical physics of linear and bilinear inference problems

The recent development of compressed sensing has led to spectacular advances in the understanding of sparse linear estimation problems as well as in algorithms to solve them. It has also triggered a new wave of developments in the related fields of generalized linear and bilinear inference problems, that have very diverse applications in signal processing and are furthermore a building block of deep neural networks. These problems have in common that they combine a linear mixing step and a nonlinear, probabilistic sensing step, producing indirect measurements of a signal of interest. Such a setting arises in problems as different as medical or astronomical imaging, clustering, matrix completion or blind source separation. The aim of this thesis is to propose efficient algorithms for this class of problems and to perform their theoretical analysis. To this end, it uses belief propagation, thanks to which high-dimensional distributions can be sampled efficiently, thus making a Bayesian approach to inference tractable. The resulting algorithms undergo phase transitions just as physical systems do. These phase transitions can be analyzed using the replica method, initially developed in statistical physics of disordered systems. The analysis reveals phases in which inference is easy, hard or impossible. These phases correspond to different energy landscapes of the problem. The main contributions of this thesis can be divided into three categories. First, the application of known algorithms to concrete problems: community detection, superposition codes and an innovative imaging system. Second, a new, efficient message-passing algorithm for a class of problems called blind sensor calibration. It could be used in signal processing for a large class of measurement systems that use arrays of physical sensors. Third, a theoretical analysis of achievable performances in matrix compressed sensing and of instabilities in Bayesian bilinear inference algorithms.
A Survey on the Interaction Between Caching, Translation and Protection

Fine-grained hardware protection could deliver signiﬁcant beneﬁts to software, enabling the implementation of strongly encapsulated light-weight objects, but only if it can be done without slowing down the processor. In this survey we explore the interaction between the processor’s caches and virtual memory in traditional as well as research architectures. We ﬁnd that while caching and translation mechanisms have received much attention in the literature, hardware protection mechanisms have remained largely neglected, with none of the explored architectures providing truly scalable support for context-sensitive, ﬁne-grained protection. Based on the insights gained from the survey we outline an approach which facilitates the construction of simple, yet fast, low-power ﬁne-grained protection mechanisms for processor cores.
Barely There, Powerfully Present: Years of US Policy on International Higher Education

List of Abbreviations Chapter I. Introduction and Overview A. Rationale for the Study B. Focus and Approach for the Research 1. Policy Congruence with the Internationalisation Ideal 2. Analysing Sustainability and Diffusion Effects C. Methods of Analysis and Data Sources Chapter II. International Higher Education Through the Lens of the Literature A. Focus on 'Higher Education' in the National Higher Education System B. Internationalisation as Diffusion of Innovation C. Focus on the 'National' in the National Higher Education System 1. Public Policy and Market Dynamics 2. Foundations of the International Higher Education Policy Arena Chapter III. Roots and Growth (1958-1964) A. The National Defense Higher Education Act of 1958, Title VI 1. Policy Environment and Advocacy Coalitions 2. Legislative Goals and Resources 3. Program Implementation and Development 4. Evaluation and Adjustment B. Foreign Assistance Counterpoint C. Policy Effectiveness D. Issues Raised for the Next Period Chapter IV. Great Expectations and Retrenchment (1965- 1970) A. The International Education Act of 1966 1. Policy Environment and Advocacy Coalitions 2. Legislative Goals 3. Policy and Implementation Issues in the Authorisation Hearings 4. Funding Debates and Appropriations Hearings B. NDEA Title VI Continuing Programs C. Foreign Assistance Counterpoint D. Policy Effectiveness E. Issues Raised for the Next Period Chapter V. Consolidation and Refinement (1971- 1980) A. Title VI through the Higher Education Amendments of 1972, 1976 and 1980 1. 'On the ground' in the International Higher Education Policy Arena 2. Legislative Goals through the Amendments of 1972, 1976 and 1980 3. Legislative Resources Debates from the Nixon-Ford through the Carter Years B. Foreign Assistance Counterpoint: FAA amendments of 1975 C. Policy Effectiveness D. Epilogue: Subsequent Initiatives and Actions (1981-88) Chapter VI. Internationalisation: Policy Effectivness and Program Impact A. Policy Effectiveness with Internationalisation Ideal 1. 'Goodness of Fit' of the Policies' Causal Theory 2. Legislative Objectives: Clarity, Consistency and Congruence 3. Compliance Structure, Implementing Officials and Political Support B. Diffusion and Sustainability Impact of Federal Programs: Title VI and AID 1. Regional Dispersion across the United States 2. Ownership Equity: Private and Public Sector Balance 3. Institutional Diversity Overall C. Spotlight on Title VI: Institutional Diversity and Diffusion Impact Chapter VII. Summary and Conclusions A. Summary of Findings B. Further Research and Methods Commentary C. Lessons for the Future Appendix: Data Sources and Institutional Classification Guide Table A.1 Summary of Carnegie Classification Over Three Periods Table A.
Relativistic Jets in the Radio Reference Frame Image Database. I. Apparent Speeds from the First 5 Years of Data

We present the results of an analysis of relativistic jet apparent speeds from VLBI images in the Radio Reference Frame Image Database (RRFID). The images are snapshot VLBI images at 8 and 2 GHz using the VLBA, plus up to 10 additional antennas that provide global VLBI coverage. We have analyzed the 8 GHz images from the first 5 years of the database (1994-1998), for all sources observed at three or more epochs during this time range. This subset comprises 966 images of 87 sources. The sources in this subset have an average of 11 epochs of observation over the years 1994-1998, with the best-observed sources having 19 epochs. About half of the sources in this RRFID kinematic survey have not been previously studied with multiepoch VLBI observations. We have measured apparent speeds for a total of 184 jet components in 77 sources, of which the best-measured 94 component speeds in 54 sources are used in the final analysis. The apparent speed distribution shows a peak at low apparent speeds (consistent with stationary components), a tail extending out to apparent speeds of about 30c, and a mean apparent speed of 3.6c. A total of 36 of the sources in this paper are also included in the 2 cm VLBA survey by Kellermann et al., with similar angular resolution, sensitivity, and time range. For those sources, we present a detailed component-by-component comparison of the apparent speeds measured by the 2 cm survey and those measured in this paper. Many of the independent apparent speed measurements agree very well, but for approximately 25% of the components we find significant differences in the apparent speeds measured by the two surveys. The leading cause of these discrepancies is differences in how the two surveys have identified jet components from epoch to epoch.
WIFI-Based Indoor Positioning System

The easy access and availability of wireless technologies and mobile computing and internet have lead to new opportunities in developing mobile applications which purpose is to make people’s life more easier. Nowadays, a person can possess more than one mobile device intend for different usage such as communication, entertainment, office works. This paper proposes a mobile application which will be able to estimate the position of a user within a building by using WIFI technology.
Sensorless Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motors Based on Extended EMF Models Considering Magnetic Saturation With Online Parameter Identification

A sensorless control method based on novel extended electromotive force (EEMF) models considering magnetic saturation is proposed for synchronous reluctance motors (SynRMs). Since motor parameters, particularly inductances, vary largely in SynRMs, a precise sensorless control is necessary for fully considering such variations. In this paper, the EEMF model, taking into consideration magnetic saturation, is derived and is applied to a position estimation method. The two EEMF models caused by a difference in the d-axis direction are shown, and the appropriate EEMF model that can suppress a position estimation error caused by the deviation of inductance parameters is proposed. Moreover, an online parameter identification method for sensorless control in middle- or high-speed ranges is proposed. The necessity for the use of the model, taking into consideration magnetic saturation, is verified by experiments. The proposed sensorless control system is shown useful by experiments
Virtual machine migration in an over-committed cloud

While early emphasis of Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) clouds was on providing resource elasticity to end users, providers are increasingly interested in over-committing their resources to maximize the utilization and returns of their capital investments. In principle, over-committing resources hedges that users - on average - only need a small portion of their leased resources. When such hedge fails (i.e., resource demand far exceeds available physical capacity), providers must mitigate this provider-induced overload, typically by migrating virtual machines (VMs) to underutilized physical machines. Recent works on VM placement and migration assume the availability of target physical machines [1], [2]. However, in an over-committed cloud data center, this is not the case. VM migration can even trigger cascading overloads if performed haphazardly. In this paper, we design a new VM migration algorithm (called Scattered) that minimizes VM migrations in over-committed data centers. Compared to a traditional implementation, our algorithm can balance host utilization across all time epochs. Using real-world data traces from an enterprise cloud, we show that our migration algorithm reduces the risk of overload, minimizes the number of needed migrations, and has minimal impact on communication cost between VMs.
The Eecient Parallel Solution of Pdes

The report presents some results in solving nite element equations via a parallel version of the pre-conditioned cg-method (ParPCG). We use a nonoverlapping domain decomposition and construct precon-ditioners based on Additive and Multiplicative Schwarz Methods (ASM/MSM). As components in the preconditioner, multigrid methods, hierarchical bases, new extension techniques and modiied BPS-and BPX-preconditioners for handling the unknowns at the coupling nodes on the boundaries between sub-domains are used. The scale up eeciency (e.g. an increasing number of processors causes an increasing problem size) of the algorithm by doubling the number of processors is larger than 95%. Even the practical not relevant speed up eeciency (e.g. an increasing number of processors and a constant problem size) reaches 80% by doubling the number of processors.
p53-mediated control of gene expression via mRNA translation during Endoplasmic Reticulum stress

p53 is activated by different stress and damage pathways and regulates cell biological responses including cell cycle arrest, repair pathways, apoptosis and senescence. Following DNA damage, the levels of p53 increase and via binding to target gene promoters, p53 induces expression of multiple genes including p21CDKN1A and mdm2. The effects of p53 on gene expression during the DNA damage response are well mimicked by overexpressing p53 under normal conditions. However, stress to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the consequent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) leads to the induction of the p53/47 isoform that lacks the first 40 aa of p53 and to an active suppression of p21CDKN1A transcription and mRNA translation. We now show that during ER stress p53 also suppresses MDM2 protein levels via a similar mechanism. These observations not only raise questions about the physiological role of MDM2 during ER stress but it also reveals a new facet of p53 as a repressor toward 2 of its major target genes during the UPR. As suppression of p21CDKN1A and MDM2 protein synthesis is mediated via their coding sequences, it raises the possibility that p53 controls mRNA translation via a common mechanism that might play an important role in how p53 regulates gene expression during the UPR, as compared to the transcription-dependent gene regulation taking place during the DNA damage response.
Knockdown of the Dnmt1s transcript using small interfering RNA in primary murine and bovine fibroblast cells

RNA interference (RNAi) has rapidly developed into one of the most widely applied technologies in molecular and cellular research, and although young, is now an essential experimental tool. The versatility of RNAi, especially in mammalian species, lends to its potential applications in a wide array of fields. Without having to genetically manipulate the genome, the ability to selectively reduce the level of a specific transcript using small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules has great appeal in studying reprogramming issues in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In such embryos, the aberrant expression of the somatic isoform of Dnmt1 (Dnmt1s), the enzyme responsible for maintaining DNA methylation in all somatic cells, has been implicated as one factor in the improper reprogramming of the donor genome. In the present study, the ability to develop a method allowing for the knockdown, or reduction, of Dnmt1s in primary fibroblast cells, like those commonly used as karyoplast donors in SCNT studies, was investigated in primary murine and bovine fibroblast cells as well as in a compromised cell line (NIH/3T3). Two Dnmt1s‐specific siRNA candidates were designed and tested. Using optimized conditions, these siRNAs were transiently transfected into the cells with total RNA and nuclear protein being collected. A 56.5% knockdown in Dnmt1s was achieved in the compromised and primary murine cells whereas Dnmt1s was reduced by 15.4% in the primary bovine cells. A reduction in Dnmt1s mRNA did not correspond to a reduction in protein as determined by immunodetection of Western blots. Overall, this study demonstrated the ability of siRNA to knockdown Dnmt1s mRNA in primary fibroblast donor cells. In order to substantially increase the efficiency while decreasing the anomalies seen in SCNT, novel techniques, like the one proposed, are needed to assist the oocyte's ability to reprogram a differentiated genome. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication of Association between Schizophrenia and Chromosome 6p21-6p22.1 Polymorphisms in Chinese Han Population

Chromosome 6p21-p22.1, spanning the extended major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, is a highly polymorphic, gene-dense region. It has been identified as a susceptibility locus of schizophrenia in Europeans, Japanese, and Chinese. In our previous two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS), polymorphisms of zinc finger with KRAB and SCAN domains 4 (ZKSCAN4), nuclear factor-κB-activating protein-like (NKAPL), and piggyBac transposable element derived 1 (PGBD1), localized to chromosome 6p21-p22.1, were strongly associated with schizophrenia. To further investigate the association between polymorphisms at this locus and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population, we selected eight other single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed in or near these genes for a case-control association study in an independent sample of 902 cases and 1,091 healthy controls in an attempt to replicate the GWAS results. Four of these eight SNPs (rs12214383, rs1150724, rs3800324, and rs1997660) displayed a nominal difference in allele frequencies between the case and control groups. The association between two of these SNPs and schizophrenia were significant even after Bonferroni correction (rs12000: allele A>G, P = 2.50E-04, odds ratio [OR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.45; rs1150722: allele C>T, P = 4.28E-05, OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.41–0.73). Haplotype ATTGACGC, comprising these eight SNPs (rs2235359, rs2185955, rs12214383, rs12000, rs1150724, rs1150722, rs3800324, and rs1997660), was significantly associated with schizophrenia (P = 6.60E-05). We also performed a combined study of this replication sample and the first-stage GWAS sample. The combined study revealed that rs12000 and rs1150722 were still strongly associated with schizophrenia (rs12000: allele G>A, P combined = 0.0019, OR = 0.81; rs1150722: allele G>A, P combined = 3.00E-04, OR = 0.61). These results support our findings that locus 6p21-p22.1 is significantly associated with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population and encourage further studies of the functions of these genetic factors.
A back-end offload architecture for security of resource-constrained networks

Recent years have seen the development of successful internet of things (IoT) technologies based on an IP-enabled 6LoWPAN, which enables the extensive message exchange of information generated from various applications such as healthcare, smart home, and factory automation. Because IoT devices are closely related to the human life, they generally handle critical data which must be protected from a malicious adversary. However, a majority of IoT devices are resource-constrained in terms of memory and computational ability, so that they cannot provide heavy security protocols and authentication. To protect connections over constrained networks, we introduce a back-end offload architecture which offloads the processing of a security protocol to a specified back-end offloader. The offloader assists constrained devices back-end by handling the packets of handshake procedure and encrypted application data. The load balancing of offloaders and the protection of offload messages are also provided in the design. The proposed architecture allows an extremely constrained device to establish a secure session by utilizing high-level authentications such as public key infrastructure or certificate, without the burden of deploying heavy security modules. This research would be advantageous for incompetent nodes to support security and reduce cost at the same time.
Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for passive optical networks

Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (RSOAs) offer a cost effective wavelength agnostic transmitter for applications within wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM PONs) obviating the need for tuneable or fixed laser sources at customer premises. The RSOA, seeded with a single continuous wave source at the ONU (Optical Network Unit) can be shared among a number of users and can simultaneously amplify and modulate that seed to support a WDM overlay in a wavelength agnostic manner. A summary of the operational performance of RSOAs across several wavelength bands and conclusions on their potential in future PON evolutions is presented.
Visualizing Business Information using Generalized Treemaps

This document is strictly confidential. It may not be published in any form without the explicit written approval of MagnaView. The MagnaView logo is a registered trademark of MagnaView B.V. MagnaView is a trademark of MagnaView B.V. Visualize anything, visualize everything is a trademark of MagnaView B.V. MagnaView's applications are protected by Dutch, European and international intellectual and industrial property law as exclusive property of MagnaView B.V. Treemapped Business Graphics, in particular but not restricted to Treemapped Bar Charts, Treemapped Pie Charts, as well as Treemapped Matrix are protected by Dutch, European and international intellectual and industrial property law as exclusive property of MagnaView B.V. Abstract More and more data is collected everywhere. In corporate environments, information is collected and used to support decision making. Often business graphics are used to show aggregations of the collected business information. Treemaps, a visualization method, are well-known in the visualization community, but not readily available for exploring business information. Treemaps provide both detail and overview in a single image. In this thesis we show how to visualize business information using treemaps. Firstly, we present a method for generating tree structures from tabular business information. Next, we propose generalized treemaps, which enable the creation of many new variations on treemaps and business graphics. These variations combine strong points of both treemaps and business graphics. Additionally, we have developed MagnaView, a commercial visualization tool that implements all proposed techniques. We present a selection of variations on business graphics and treemaps that MagnaView can create.
Arabidopsis HIGH PLOIDY2 Sumoylates and Stabilizes Flowering Locus C through Its E3 Ligase Activity

Flowering Locus C (FLC), a floral repressor, plays an important role in flowering. The mechanisms regulating FLC gene expression and protein function have been studied extensively; however, post-translational regulation of FLC remains unclear. Here, we identified Arabidopsis HIGH PLOIDY2 (HPY2) as an E3 SUMO ligase for FLC. In vitro and vivo pull-down assays showed that FLC physically interacts with HPY2. In vitro assays showed that the stimulation of FLC sumoylation by HPY2 was dependent on SUMO-activating enzyme E1 and -conjugating enzyme E2, indicating that HPY2 was an E3 SUMO ligase for FLC. In transgenic plants, inducible HPY2 overexpression increased the concentration of FLC, indicating that HPY2 stabilized FLC through direct sumoylation. Flowering time in hpy2-2 mutants was shorter than in wild-type plants under long- and short-day conditions, with a greater effect under short-day conditions, and FLC was downregulated in hpy2-2 mutants. These data indicate that HPY2 regulates FLC function and stability at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels through its E3 SUMO ligase activity.
Between shallow and deep: an experiment in automatic summarising

This paper describes an experiment in automatic summarising using a generalpurpose strategy based on a compromise between shallow and deep processing. The method combines source text analysis into simple logical forms with the use of a semantic graph for representation and operations on the graph to identify summary content. The graph is based on predications extracted from the logical forms, and the summary operations apply three criteria, namely importance, representativeness, and cohesiveness, in choosing node sets to form the content representation for the summary. This is used in different ways for output summaries. The paper presents the motivation for the strategy, details of the CLASP system, and the results of initial testing and evaluation on news material. Note 2005, on text of 2000 This paper reports a fairly early attempt to automate graph-based summarising. It was not wholly successful in practice, but this is attributable to detail rather than problems with the generic approach. The evaluation was also very limited, since at the time the work was done in the late 1990s, there was no serious evaluation data available. The paper is printed now since there has been growing interest in this generic approach to summarising.