Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Flow Rate

This review covers common instrumentation and techniques that are used to measure bulk flow rates, namely the amounts of fluids that pass through a certain cross section of a pipe, duct, channel or other flow conduit per unit time. Bulk flow measurement is not concerned with local velocity variations across the cross section, neither short-time (e.g. turbulent) fluctuations. Measured flow rates can be either mass flow rates · , or, when dealing with liquids or low-speed gases, volume flow rates . Flow rate measurement is an essential activity in a variety of industries and utility services, but it is also employed regularly in the fluid mechanics laboratory, notably in the important role of monitoring and controlling the experimental conditions. The operation of flow rate measurement systems is based on diverse physical principles; with some exceptions, such systems require calibration or empirical corrections. The following presentation is mainly concerned with bulk flow measurement in “simple” flows, which are single-phase and either steady or very slowly varying. Some of these methods can be extended to flows of multi-phase fluids, slurries and granular materials, but the reader is advised to consult specialized manufacturers and references when dealing with such media. More details on general methods for the measurement of flow rate and specific instruments can be found in several monographs and books [2, 4, 9, 10, 11], handbooks [15, 12, 6, 13] and manufacturer’s catalogs (e.g. [7]).
Rural Areas in the Czech Republic : How Do They Differ from Urban Areas ? – –

Annotation: There has been wide discussion among researchers, policy-makers and various rural stakeholders about the special position of rural areas. It is argued that rural areas are subject of various problems and deserve special attention and financial support. The aim of this article is to assess how the rural areas differ from the urban areas in certain features important for rural development. The basis for analysis is the current definition of rural areas according to the European Union on NUTS 3 level (analogy of “kraj” in the Czech Republic). The dataset from 2003 until 2011 includes 16 indicators from the area of population, economics, labour market, constructions, health and social security. The differences among values of particular indicator in predominantly rural (PR), intermediate (IN) and predominantly urban (PU) areas are tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. When there are significant dissimilarities found, the particular means which differ from each other are tested using Tuckey’s test. According to our findings, we came to the conclusion that there are not statistically significant differences among PR, IN and PU shires in mortality, average living floor area per completed dwelling, healthcare indicators and average old-age person. On the other hand, there are statistically significant differences in other demographic features, economic characteristics and in labour market indicators. Therefore, the different situation of the PR areas might be a good argument justifying special attention and potential financial support.
p 42 / p 44 MAPK-mediated Stat 3 Ser 727 phosphorylation is required for progestin-induced full activation of Stat 3 and breast cancer growth

Stat3 is a signaling node for multiple oncogenic pathways and is therefore frequently active in breast cancer. As experimental and clinical evidence reveals that progestins are key players in controlling mammary gland tumorigenesis, we studied Stat3 participation in this event. We have previously shown that progestins induce Stat3Tyr705 phosphorylation and its transcriptional activation in breast cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrate that progestins also induce Stat3 phosphorylation at Ser727 residue, which occurs via activation of c-Src/p42/p44 MAPK pathways in murine progestin-dependent C4HD cells and in T-47D cells. Expression of a Stat3S727A vector, which carries a serine-to-alanine substitution at codon 727, shows that Stat3Ser727 phosphorylation is required for full transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 gene expression by progestins and for in vivo Stat3 recruitment on cyclin D1 promoter. Transfection of Stat3S727A in murine and human breast cancer cells abolished progestin-induced in vitro and in vivo growth. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between progesterone receptor expression and nuclear localization of Stat3Ser727 phosphorylation in breast cancer biopsies. These data highlight Stat3 phosphorylation in Ser727 residue as a nongenomic action by progestins, necessary to promote breast cancer growth. Key Words
A Re-examination of Kirchho ff ’ s Law of Thermal Radiation in Relation to Recent Criticisms

This paper investigates claims made by Pierre-Marie Robitaille in a series of papers from 2003 to 2015 that Kirchhoff’s Law of thermal radiation does not apply to cavities made of arbitrary materials, and that Planck’s theoretical derivation and apparent proof of this law in these cases is faulty. Robitaille’s claims are compared to statements in the original papers by Kirchhoff and Planck. The present paper concludes that Robitaille’s claims are not sustainable and that Kirchhoff’s Law and Planck’s proof remain valid in the situations for which they were intended to apply, including in cavities with walls of any arbitrary materials in thermal equilibrium.
Troubled Minds in The Gulf: Mental Health Research in the United Arab Emirates (1989-2008)

This article aims to describe the characteristics of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) mental health research published from 1989 to 2008 in PubMed indexed journals to identify gaps and to suggest recommendations. Our sensitive PubMed search for general and mental health publications in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the UAE revealed a total of 192 mental health studies published in GCC countries over the past 20 years, which constituted less than 1% of the GCC total biomedical research. Most of the studies were from the UAE University and were either epidemiologic (48.98%) or psychometric (24.49%) with no studies addressing mental health systems research. Underrepresented were studies on health promotion and interdisciplinary, cross-cultural, ethnic, and gender research. There is a need for more international collaboration and for policies that link research conducted to services provided with longitudinal studies to test the long-term impact of early preventive interventions.
Diminution du bruit engendré par le frigorigène dans la conduite d ’ entrée de l ’ évaporateur

The flow pattern of the refrigerant in an evaporator-inlet pipe is a very important factor for determining the type of refrigerant-induced noise because the shape and size of the bubble are different according to the flow pattern in the pipe. In this study, the relations between refrigerant-induced noise and flow patterns are discussed. The flow patterns of the fluid in horizontal and vertical pipes were also estimated using Hewitt, TaiteleDukler and OshinowoeCharles maps. The refrigerant-supplying equipment was used to monitor the characteristics of the flow in the experiments. The shape and layout of evaporator-inlet pipe were suggested not to be the intermittent flow pattern. The noise level radiated from the refrigerator could be reduced by about 2e5 dB in the frequency range from 315 Hz to 3.15 kHz. a 2010 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. Diminution du bruit engendré par le frigorigène dans la conduite d’entrée de l’évaporateur Mots clés : Réfrigérateur ; Évaporateur ; Synthése ; Réduction ; Bruit ; Frigorigène ; Corrélation ; Écoulement diphasique ; Bulle 7; fax: þ82 51 517 3805. B. Jeong). ier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved.
ESTIMATION OF INSTANTANEOUS SPECTRUM OF GROUND MOTIONS WITH NEURAL NETWORKS

The subject matter of the paper is the estimation of instantaneous spectrum of earthquake ground motions. It has been shown that the nonstationary frequency of earthquake ground motions has significant influence on structural nonlinear response. In order to describe the nonstationary frequency, the instantaneous spectrum can be used for this purpose. Based on time varying ARMA model representation of earthquake ground motions, a method for instantaneous spectrum estimation of earthquake ground motions is set forth by recasting the ARMA model into a single layer recurrent neural network trained by Kalman filter. As an example, the instantaneous spectrum of El Centro (1940, N-S) is estimated and it has been shown, by comparing the estimation results with the Wigner-Ville distribution, that the method is quite suitable for estimating the instantaneous spectrum of earthquake ground motions.
Monte Carlo simulations of radio emission from extensive air showers with

CoREAS is a Monte Carlo simulation code for the calculation o f radio emission from extensive air showers. It is based on the “endpoint formalism” for radiati on from moving charges implemented directly in CORSIKA. Consequently, the full complexity of the air-show er physics is taken into account without the need for approximations or assumptions on the emission mechanism. W e present results of simulations for an unthinned shower performed with CoREAS for both MHz and GHz frequencie s. At MHz frequencies, the simulations predict the well-known mixture of geomagnetic and charge ex cess radiation. At GHz frequencies, the emission is strongly influenced by Cherenkov effects arising from the va rying refractive index in the atmosphere. In addition, a qualitative difference in the symmetry of the GHz radiatio n pattern is observed when compared to the ones at lower frequencies. We also discuss the strong increase in th e ground area subtended by the radio emission when going from near-vertical to very inclined geometries, maki ng very inclined air showers the most promising ones for cosmic ray radio detection.
Attitude Control Mechanism in an Insect-like Tailless Two-winged Flying Robot by Simultaneous Modulation of Stroke Plane and Wing Twist

Attitude Control Mechanism in an Insect-like Tailless Twowinged Flying Robot by Simultaneous Modulation of Stroke Plane and Wing Twist H.V. Phan, S. Aurecianus, T. Kang and H.C Park* Artificial Muscle Research Center and Department of Smart Vehicle Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
Self-Presentation on Social Networking Sites

The objective of this research is to analyze the interaction of Tunisian youth in virtual spaces so as to understand the motivations of change on level virtual the virtual self-presentation. In order to develop this question, our research is based on Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical approach. In this perspective, an exploratory research has been conducted to better define the proposed problematic. This examination has been carried out following qualitative steps based on the analysis of the data collected through relevant interviews. The results bring to the three types of motivation that drive teenagers to introduce themselves differently when they are logged on a virtual space.
Audiovisual localization of multiple speakers in a video teleconferencing setting

Attending to multiple speakers in a video teleconferencing setting is a complex task. From a visual point of view, multiple speakers can occur at different locations and present radically different appearances. From an audio point of view, multiple speakers may be speaking at the same time, and background noise may make it difficult to localize sound sources without some a priori estimate of the sound source locations. This article presents a novel sensor and corresponding sensing algorithms to address the task of attending, simultaneously, to multiple speakers for video teleconferencing. A panoramic visual sensor is used to capture a 360° view of the speakers in the environment and from this view potential speakers are identified via a color histogram approach. A directional audio system based on beamforming is then used to confirm potential speakers and attend to them. Experimental evaluation of the sensor and its algorithms are presented including sample performance of the entire system in a teleconferencing setting. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol 13: 95–105, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10045
Hybrid discrete wavelet transform and Gabor filter banks processing for mammogram features extraction

A new methodology to automatically extract features from mammograms is presented. The approach is based on a combination of the discrete wavelet transform and the Gabor filter, and it can be easily implemented in a breast cancer screening system. First, the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is employed to process the mammogram and obtain its HH high frequency sub-band image. Then, a Gabor filter bank is applied to the latter at different frequencies and spatial orientations to obtain new Gabor images from which the average and standard deviation are computed. Finally, these statistics are fed to a support vector machine with polynomial kernel to classify normal versus cancer mammograms. The approach was tested on a database of 50 normal and 50 cancer mammograms and the obtained classification results show its superiority to the standard approach, which only uses the discrete wavelet transform to extract features from mammograms.
Group Sparsity and Graph Regularized Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Discriminability for Data Representation

Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (Semi-NMF), as a variant of NMF, inherits the merit of parts-based representation of NMF and possesses the ability to process mixed sign data, which has attracted extensive attention. However, standard Semi-NMF still suffers from the following limitations. First of all, Semi-NMF fits data in a Euclidean space, which ignores the geometrical structure in the data. What’s more, Semi-NMF does not incorporate the discriminative information in the learned subspace. Last but not least, the learned basis in Semi-NMF is unnecessarily part based because there are no explicit constraints to ensure that the representation is part based. To settle these issues, in this paper, we propose a novel Semi-NMF algorithm, called Group sparsity and Graph regularized Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization with Discriminability (GGSemi-NMFD) to overcome the aforementioned problems. GGSemi-NMFD adds the graph regularization term in Semi-NMF, which can well preserve the local geometrical information of the data space. To obtain the discriminative information, approximation orthogonal constraints are added in the learned subspace. In addition, l 21 norm constraints are adopted for the basis matrix, which can encourage the basis matrix to be row sparse. Experimental results in six datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Therapeutic Effects of Nettle Leaf Extract on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats

WHO had drawn the attention of research investigation into herbal medicine to attest to their efficacy of plants with bioactive healing property that could be of great clinical importance in the health management. Objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Nettle plant extract in controlling the blood glucose level. Sixty (60) male Wistar rats (4-6) week old, weighing (90-180)g were purchased from the Animal Research Center, Babcock University. The rats were housed in colony cages of seven (8) rats per cage, at 23◦C, relative humidity of (30-70) %, under light/dark cycle of 12hrs for 2 week acclimatization. All rats had equal access to free food and water. On 15 th day the rats were separated into 4 experimental groups: Positive control, Negative control, Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive groups. Fasting blood glucose test was done to determine the blood glucose level. Oral glucose Tolerance Test was performed using glucometer to determine glucose tolerance level in the rats. The oxidative stress test was done to determine the hepatic enzyme activity. Results showed the means of fast glucose level ranged from (84.63) mg/dl in Positive control group, (97.63) mg/dl in Negative control group, (87.0) mg/dl in Chemotherapeutic group and (75.50) mg/dl for Chemo-preventive group control. Blood glucose levels in Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive treatments were within the safe limits of blood glucose levels. Such reduction in blood glucose was attributed to Nettle plant extract effectiveness to lower blood glucose level. Means of oxidative test results indicated that hepatic Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Glutathione inhibited the free radical activity efficiently and were improved by Nettle plant extract. In conclusion pathological tests indicated that Nettle plant extract was effectiveness in controlling and prevention of diabetes in rats.
Levofloxacin as potent chiral selector for enantioseparation of DL-amino acids using ligand exchange chromatographic approach on TLC

A simple, efficient, cost-effective and less time c onsuming analytical method was developed to separat e the enantiomers of certain DL-amino acids using Levoflo xacin as chiral selector. Levofloxacin was used as chiral ligand exchange reagent on TLC plates. Chiral separ ation was achieved under different conditions like pH of reaction mixture, mobile phase, polarities of solut i n or reaction mixture and temperature. Separation mechanism of the enantioseparation was also discussed.
Chapter 2 Breaking the Dimensionality Barrier

Recent advances in biotechnology have resulted in cytometers capable of performing numerous correlated measurements of cells, often exceeding ten. In the near future, it is likely that this number will increase by fivefold and perhaps even higher. Traditional analysis strategies based on examining one measurement versus another are not suitable for high-dimensional data analysis because the number of measurement combinations expands geometrically with dimension, forming a kind of complexity barrier. This dimensionality barrier limits cytometry and other technologies from reaching their maximum potential in visualizing and analyzing important information embedded in high-dimensional data. This chapter describes efforts to break through this barrier and allow the visualization and analysis of any number of measurements with a new paradigm called Probability State Modeling (PSM). This new system creates a virtual progression variable based on probability that relates all measurements. PSM can produce a single graph that conveys more information about a sample than hundreds of traditional histograms. These PSM overlays reveal the rich interplay of phenotypic changes in cells as they differentiate. The end result is a deeper appreciation of the molecular genetic underpinnings of ontological processes in complex populations such as found in bone marrow and peripheral blood. Eventually these models will help investigators better understand normal and abnormal cellular progressions and will be a valuable general tool for the analysis and visualization of high-dimensional data.
Gridshells without kink angle between beams and cladding panels

In double-curvature gridshells covered with rigid flat panels, panels cannot lay flat on the top surface of beams. In many cases, costly elements need to be inserted in-between to insure a proper beam-panel connection. Precedent research on the geometric rationalization of gridshells has mostly focused on minimizing cladding panel curvature, simplifying node and beam fabrication, and allowing for repeatability of elements. The connection between beams and panels has received very little attention. This paper explores the possible gridshell geometries under the constraint of having a full planar contact between beams and cladding panels. A strategy that consists of folding panels is studied in details. It turns out that a rich variety of panel shapes and folding patterns is possible. Two generation methods for such shapes are proposed: a method for quad meshes of revolution covered with folded panels, and a method for folded hexagonal panels based on the projection algorithm developed by Bouaziz et al [1]. The resulting structures are of particular interest for opaque doubly curved facades covered with metal sheets or other foldable material. The good contact between beams and panels also offers the possibility to use the panels as bracing elements. Hence the proposed method proves to be efficient for construction purposes, but also for mechanical behavior.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPHYLAXIS AND INFECTION CONTROL IN CASES OF MECHANICAL CARDIAC SUPPORT DEVICES

Summary Ventricular assist devices (VADs) for patients with severe heart failure are improving, and there are increasing numbers of implants, as device therapy enters the era of permanent use (i.e. destination therapy). The device-related infection of implanted pumps and sepsis remain important risk factors for death, and once infections are established on biomaterial surfaces, they usually persist despite prolonged antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm forming is the crucial moment in the pathogenesis of many subacute and chronic bacterial infections, including the infections connected with a foreign body. Biofilm is a significant clinical problem. Its eradication by conventional antimicrobial agents is rather complicated, as it disposes of several mechanisms for developing resistance to antibiotics. The role of persisting cells is crucial in the context of the tolerance of bacterial biofilm towards antimicrobials. The mechanism for biofilm forming and the consequential antimicrobial resistances are the key to developing new therapeutic strategies.
Spectral Element simulation of rupture dynamics

Numerical modeling is an important tool, allowing to have access to the different time and space scales carried by the nucleation and propagation of the rupture. In this paper, the spectral element method, which is widely recognized as a powerful tool in regional and global seismology, is applied to the study of the faulting process. Specifically, the importance of the nucleation process in the supershear behavior of inplane cracks is detailed.
In vitro ruminal fermentation and in situ ruminal degradation of tamarind kernel powder extract residue in wethers.

We examined the in vitro fermentation characteristics and in situ dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradability of tamarind kernel powder extract residue (TKPER), a by-product of polysaccharides thickener processing. Two types of TKPER (I and II), of which the CP and neutral detergent fiber organic matter basis contents (%) were 41.4 and 42.0 and 1.4 and 0.5, respectively, were compared with dry heat soybean (SB), soybean meal (SBM) and dry soybean curd residue (SBCR). The TKPERs had significantly lower in vitro gas production compared to the other products at each observation time (P < 0.05). The in vitro DM and CP digestibility (%) of TKPER I and II were 67.7 and 64.9, and 64.5 and 58.0, respectively, significantly lower than those of SB and SBM (P < 0.05). We used four wethers (55.6 ± 4.6 kg) with ruminal cannulas to investigate the in situ degradability of TKPER I, SB, SBM and SBCR. At the ruminal outflow rate of 0.05/h, the effective degradability (%) values of the DM and CP of TKPER I were 64.1 and 49.7, respectively, which were similar to those of SBM. In conclusion, TKPER had high CP and exhibited in situ degradability similar to that of SBM, suggesting that TKPER could be used as a protein source feed.