Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preparation and performance of obstacle steps: interaction between brain and spinal neuronal activity

This study investigated the interactions of supraspinal with spinal neuronal circuits during obstacle steps by recordings of electroencephalography (EEG), reflex activity and limb muscle electromyography (EMG). Subjects walking with reduced vision on a treadmill were acoustically informed about an approaching obstacle and received feedback about task performance. Only following a task‐relevant acoustic signal, spinal reflex responses, evoked by tibial nerve stimulation during mid‐stance, were enhanced in proximal arm and leg flexor muscles prior to obstacle compared to normal swing, reflecting the neuronal preparation of the task. During swing over the obstacle, limb muscle EMG activity was greater than in normal swing. Both the preparation and the performance (i.e. ascending movement slope of the obstacle‐crossing leg) were associated with an enhanced EEG signal mainly in the prefrontal cortex of the right hemisphere. Adaptational changes in performance, reflex activity and muscle activation during repetitive obstacle stepping were not reflected in the EEG activity, probably due to an insufficient resolution of the EEG. The observations suggest that drive from supraspinal centers initiates and maintains spinal neuronal activity underlying obstacle task preparation and performance.
Design and implementation of the "G2" PowerPC/sup TM/ 603e-embedded microprocessor core

New and emerging demands in the embedded market has precipitated in the development of the "G2" PowerPC 603e microprocessor into a reusable hard core. The demands and requirements of an embedded core microprocessor require significant changes in the physical design, verification and test strategies. Reuse and standardization in design data and test data present new challenges for an existing family of microprocessors.
Beyond the Fundamental Attribution Era

Since Jones and Harris (1967) first introduced it to the published world, the bias that Sabini, Siepmann, and Stein (this issue) refer to as the fundamental attribution error (FAE) has been the catalyst for a tremendous amount of research. Around the time of its 13th birthday (an age of particular significance in some cultures), Jones (1979), beaming like a proud father, characterized it as a "remarkably robust and easily replicated phenomenon" (p. 107). Almost a dozen years later, Jones (1990) called it "the most robust and ubiquitous finding in the domain of interpersonal perception" (p. 164). This important, influential concept is now in its mid-30s, and one might expect it to be cashing in its stock options and retiring to the south of France, taking the occasional sommelier class to keep itself entertained and making special guest appearances with cognitive dissonance theory on the celebrity lecture circuit. But not unlike so many other similarly aged "celebrities," I fear, the FAE is not without its demons. Its discovery, if not its conception, was rather by accident, and it took a great deal of testing before many were convinced of its ability to survive long beyond its birth in the Jones and Harris laboratory. There has been almost unprecedented inconsistency in what to name it, enough to create anxiety and identity confusion in even the most robust adolescent. It took Jones about 20 years to settle on a name—the correspondence bias (Gilbert & Jones, 1986)—and by now it has been called, among other things, the overattribution effect, the overattribution bias, the overattribution-to-persons tendency, the observer error, the observer bias, dispositionalism, and, most dramatically, the fundamental attribution error. More important, the cohesiveness of its identity has been rocked by the observation, made most articulately by Gilbert and Malone (1995), that there really are multiple correspondence biases, each with its own set
Genetically Modified HLA Class I Molecules Able to Inhibit Human NK Cells Without Provoking Alloreactive CD8+ CTLs1

Human NK cells are likely to be important effectors of xenograft rejection. Expression of HLA class I molecules by transfected porcine cells can protect them from human NK cell-mediated lysis; however, this strategy has the potential to augment the anti-graft response by recipient CD8+ T cells recognizing foreign pig peptides presented by HLA. In this study we show that the introduction of a mutation (D227K) in the α3 domain of HLA-Cw3 abrogates its recognition by CD8-dependent T cells but leaves intact its ability to function as an inhibitory ligand for NK cells. Such genetically modified molecules may have potential therapeutic applications in the prevention of delayed xenograft rejection and in the facilitation of allogeneic and xenogeneic bone marrow engraftment.
Encephalitis with Prolonged but Reversible Splenial Lesion.

INTRODUCTION The splenium of the corpus callosum has a specific structure of blood supply with a tendency towards blood-brain barrier breakdown, intramyelinic edema, and damage due to hypoxia or toxins. Signs and symptoms of reversible syndrome of the splenium of the corpus callosum typically include disorientation, confusion, impaired consciousness, and epileptic seizures. CASE REPORT A previously healthy 32-year-old man suffered from weakness, headache, and fever. Subsequently, he developed apathy, ataxia, and inability to walk, and therefore was admitted to the hospital. Cerebrospinal fluid showed protein elevation (0.9 g/l) and pleocytosis (232/1 ul). A brain MRI showed hyperintense lesions in the middle of the corpus callosum. The patient was treated with antibiotics, and subsequently, in combination with steroids. Two months later, the hyperintense lesions in the splenium and the basal ganglia had disappeared. Almost seven months since his hospitalization in the Department of Neurology, the patient has returned to his previous employment. He now does not exhibit any mental changes, an optic edema and urological problems have improved. In addition, he is now actively engaged in sports. CONCLUSION We have described a case of a 32-year-old man with confusion, ataxia, and inability to stand and walk. The man developed a febrile meningeal syndrome and a hyperintense lesion of the splenium, which lasted for two months. Neurological changes, optic nerve edema, and urinary retention have resolved over the course of seven months. We think that the prolonged but transient lesion of the splenium may have been caused by encephalitis of viral origin.
Acute kinematic and kinetic adaptations to wearable resistance during vertical jumping

Abstract One variation of vertical jump (VJ) training is resisted or weighted jump training, where wearable resistance (WR) enables jumping to be overloaded in a movement specific manner. A two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc contrasts was used to determine the acute changes in VJ performance with differing load magnitudes and load placements. Kinematic and kinetic data were quantified using a force plate and contact mat. Twenty sport active subjects (age: 27.8 ± 3.8 years; body mass (BM): 70.2 ± 12.2 kg; height: 1.74 ± 0.78 m) volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects performed the counter movement jump (CMJ), drop jump (DJ) and pogo jump (PJ) wearing no resistance, 3% or 6% BM affixed to the upper or lower body. The main finding in terms of the landing phase was that the effect of WR was non-significant (P > .05) on peak ground reaction force. With regard to the propulsive phase the main findings were that for both the CMJ and DJ, WR resulted in a significant (P < .05) decrease in jump height (CMJ: −12% to −17%, DJ: −10% to −14%); relative peak power (CMJ: −8% to −17%, DJ: −7% to −10%); and peak velocity (CMJ: −4% to −7%, DJ: −3% to −8%); while PJ reactive strength index was significantly reduced (−15% to −21%) with all WR conditions. Consideration should be given to the inclusion of WR in sports where VJ’s are important components as it may provide a novel movement specific training stimulus. Highlights WR of 3 or 6 % BM provided a means to overload the subjects in this study resulting in decreased propulsive power and velocity that lead to a reduced jump height and landing force. Specific strength exercises that closely mimic sporting performance are more likely to optimise transference, therefore WR with light loads of 3–6% body mass (BM)appear a suitable tool for movement specific overload training and maximising transference to sporting performance. Practitioners can safely load their athletes with upper or lower body WR of 3–6% BM without fear of overloading the athletesover and above the landing forces they are typically accustomed too. As a training stimulus it would seem the WR loading provides adequate overload and athletes should focus on velocity of movement to improve power output and jump height i.e. take-off velocity.
Naive Pooled–Data Approach for Pharmacokinetic Studies in Pediatrics With a Very Small Sample Size

The objective of this study was to evaluate if the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (clearance, volumes of distribution, and half-life) from 1 blood sample per subject using naive pooled data (NPD) analysis can be obtained with reasonable accuracy with a very small sample size (n = 5). For this study, 7 drugs were selected from the literature. The PKs of these 7 drugs were studied in pediatrics, and plasma concentrations versus time data for individual subjects from extensive blood sampling were available. For this analysis, only 5 subjects were chosen, and each subject gave 1 blood sample. The estimated PK parameters from NPD analysis were compared with the mean PK parameters obtained from extensive sampling. The result of the study indicated that a fairly accurate estimate of PK parameters can be obtained with 1 blood sample each from a minimum of 5 subjects using NPD analysis. The NPD analysis with sparse-sampling scheme can be useful for PK studies in neonates and very young children, where sample size is small.
Virtual Signal Injection-Based Direct Flux Vector Control of IPMSM Drives

This paper describes a novel virtual signal injection-based direct flux vector control for the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) operation of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) in the constant torque region. The proposed method virtually injects a small high-frequency current angle signal for tracking the optimal flux amplitude of the MTPA operation. This control scheme is not affected by the accuracy of the flux observer and is independent of machine parameters in tracking the MTPA points and will not cause additional iron loss, copper loss, and torque ripple as a result of real signal injection. Moreover, by employing a bandpass filter with a narrow frequency range the proposed control scheme is also robust to current and voltage harmonics, and load torque disturbances. The proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments under various operating conditions on a prototype IPMSM drive system.
Several hemagglutinins of same serotype for induction of broad immunity against influenza A virus antigenic drift variants: WO2008048984

The respiratory disease influenza gives rise to severe public health concerns. During inter-pandemic periods, the constant problem of the annually recurring seasonal influenza is perpetuated by the ability of influenza viruses to alter their surface antigens continuously (antigenic drift). Therefore, vaccines eliciting broad immunity against drift variants still remain a major objective in vaccine development. The patent WO2008048984 evaluated in this article claims an approach which aims to elicit homosubtypic protection against drift variants by simultaneous vaccination with several hemagglutinins (HAs) of the same serotype. The proposed multivalent vaccine based on simultaneous administration of several HAs, the results obtained from mice immunization studies and the implications of this concept are discussed in light of their relevance to application in humans. This proof-of-principle study suggests that a multivalent HA vaccine could elicit broad protection against drifted virus variants of one HA subtype. In the future, the dependence of broad efficacy on large antigenic distances among the HAs used for immunization as well as the antigenic distance between the HAs administered to that of the challenge virus, the immunological correlates of broad efficacy, and the suitability of this concept for domestic animals and humans remain to be investigated.
U.S. Food System Working Conditions as an Issue of Food Safety

Food workers’ health and hygiene are common pathways to foodborne disease outbreaks. Improving food system jobs is important to food safety because working conditions impact workers’ health, hygiene, and safe food handling. Stakeholders from key industries have advanced working conditions as an issue of public safety in the United States. Yet, for the food industry, stakeholder engagement with this topic is seemingly limited. To understand this lack of action, we interviewed key informants from organizations recognized for their agenda-setting role on food-worker issues. Findings suggest that participants recognize the work standards/food safety connection, yet perceived barriers limit adoption of a food safety frame, including more pressing priorities (e.g., occupational safety); poor fit with organizational strategies and mission; and questionable utility, including potential negative consequences. Using these findings, we consider how public health advocates may connect food working conditions to food and public safety and elevate it to the public policy agenda.
Preparing to read the ubiquitin code: characterization of ubiquitin trimers by top-down mass spectrometry.

The profound effects of ubiquitination on the movement and processing of cellular proteins depend exquisitely on the structures of monoubiquitin and polyubiquitin modifications. Unconjugated polyubiquitins also have a variety of intracellular functions. Structures and functions are not well correlated yet, because the structures of polyubiquitins and polyubiquitin modifications of proteins are difficult to decipher. We are moving towards a robust strategy to provide that structural information. In this report electron transfer dissociation mass spectra of six synthetic ubiquitin trimers (multiply branched proteins with molecular masses exceeding 25,600 Da) are examined using an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos instrument to determine how top-down mass spectrometry can characterize the chain topology and linkage sites in a single, facile workflow. The efficacy of this method relies on the formation, detection, and interpretation of extensive fragmentation.
Applying Swarm Optimization Techniques to Calculate Execution Time for Software Modules

This research aims to calculate the execution time for software modules, using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO), in order to calculate the proper time. A comparison is made between MATLAB Code without Algorithm (MCWA), PSO and PPSO to figure out the time produced when executing any software module. The proposed algorithms which include the PPSO increase the speed of executing the algorithm itself, in order to achieve quick results. This research introduces the proposed architecture to calculate execution time and uses MATLAB to implement MCWA, PSO and PPSO. The results show that PPSO algorithm is more efficient in speed and time compared to MCWA and PSO algorithm for calculating the execution time.
Role of conserved residues in structure and stability: Tryptophans of human serum retinol‐binding protein, a model for the lipocalin superfamily

Serum retinol binding protein (RBP) is a member of the lipocalin family, proteins with up‐and‐down β‐barrel folds, low levels of sequence identity, and diverse functions. Although tryptophan 24 of RBP is highly conserved among lipocalins, it does not play a direct role in activity. To determine if Trp24 and other conserved residues have roles in stability and/or folding, we investigated the effects of conservative substitutions for the four tryptophans and some adjacent residues on the structure, stability, and spectroscopic properties of apo‐RBP. Crystal structures of recombinant human apo‐RBP and of a mutant with substitutions for tryptophans 67 and 91 at 1.7 Å and 2.0 Å resolution, respectively, as well as stability measurements, indicate that these relatively exposed tryptophans have little influence on structure or stability. Although Trp105 is largely buried in the wall of the β‐barrel, it can be replaced with minor effects on stability to thermal and chemical unfolding. In contrast, substitutions of three different amino acids for Trp24 or replacement of Arg139, a conserved residue that interacts with Trp24, lead to similar large losses in stability and lower yields of native protein generated by in vitro folding. The results and the coordinated nature of natural substitutions at these sites support the idea that conserved residues in functionally divergent homologs have roles in stabilizing the native relative to misfolded structures. They also establish conditions for studies of the kinetics of folding and unfolding by ideying spectroscopic signals for monitoring the formation of different substructures.
Structural Features of LIM Kinase That Control Effects on the Actin Cytoskeleton*

LIM kinase phosphorylates and inactivates the actin binding/depolymerizing factor cofilin and induces actin cytoskeletal changes. Several unique structural features within LIM kinase were investigated for their roles in regulation of LIM kinase activity. Disruption of the second LIM domain or the PDZ domain or deletion of the entire amino terminus increased activity in vivo measured as increasing aggregation of the actin cytoskeleton. A kinase-deleted alternate splice product was identified and characterized. This alternate splice product and a kinase inactive mutant inhibited LIM kinase in vivo, indicating that the amino terminus suppresses activity of the kinase domain. Mutation of threonine 508 in the activation loop to valine abolished activity whereas replacement with 2 glutamic acid residues resulted in a fully active enzyme. Dephosphorylation of LIM kinase inhibited cofilin phosphorylation. Mutation of the basic insert in the activation loop inhibited activity in vivo, but not in vitro. These results indicate phosphorylation is an essential regulatory feature of LIM kinase and indicate that threonine 508 and the adjacent basic insert sequences of the activation loop are required for this process. A combination of structural features are thus involved in receiving upstream signals that regulate LIM kinase-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
Antibacterial Effect of Aloe Vera Gel against Oral Pathogens: An In-vitro Study.

INTRODUCTION Natural herbal remedies have shown promising anti-microbial property and fewer side effects compared to synthetic anti-microbial therapy. Aloe Vera is a medicinal plant used for management of various infections since ancient times as it has anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and immune-boosting properties. AIM The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-microbial and inhibitory activities of various concentration of Aloe Vera Gel (AVG) against oral pathogenic bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgingival calculus and aspiration of periapical abscess and periodontal abscess was done in 20 patients and the sample transferred to thioglycolate broth, which was incubated in Mutans Sanguis agar, blood agar and cultured in anaerobic gas chamber. The colonies formed were identified further by gram staining methods and biochemical fermentation tests (IMViC). Each isolated colony of identified bacteria were cultured separately in Muller-Hilton broth and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Anti-microbial activity of the AVG was tested by the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by broth micro-dilution method. RESULT Various staining and biochemical tests confirmed that the sample contained Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), Clostridium bacilli (C. bacilli), Streptcoccus mutans (S. mutans) and Staphlococcus aureus (Staph. aureus). AVG showed anti-bacterial property at 100% and 50% concentration ('t' value = 7.504, p-value <0.001). At lower concentration there was no effect against the bacteria. At 100% AVG concentration, zone of inhibition measured was 6.9mm in A. actinomycetemcomitans, 6.3mm in C. bacilli, 6.8mm in S. mutans and 6.6mm in Staph. aureus. The standard drugs were also used to compare anti-bacterial property of AVG. Result showed that higher concentration (100%, 50%) of AVG has comparable zone of inhibition with Ofloxacin (5mcg) and Ciprofloxacin (30mcg). CONCLUSION AVG at higher concentration showed anti-bacterial property and can be used as a promising adjunct for oral health care.
Chronic disease risks in young adults with autism spectrum disorder: forewarned is forearmed.

An emerging, cost-effective method to examine prevalent and future health risks of persons with disabilities is electronic health record (EHR) analysis. As an example, a case-control EHR analysis of adults with autism spectrum disorder receiving primary care through the Cleveland Clinic from 2005 to 2008 identified 108 adults with autism spectrum disorder. In this cohort, rates of chronic disease included 34.9% for obesity, 31.5% for hyperlipidemia, and 19.4% for hypertension. Compared with a control cohort of patients from the same health system matched for age, sex, race, and health insurance status, adults with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to be diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (odds ratio = 2.0, confidence interval = 1.2-3.4, p = .012). Without intervention, adults with autism spectrum disorder appear to be at significant risk for developing diabetes, coronary heart disease, and cancer by midlife.
Service Innovation: Sensing with Information Systems

Dynamic capabilities (DC) Theory highlights the need for organizations to constantly innovate their service offerings. With growing digitalization, service innovation processes (SIP) are particularly reliant on sensing capabilities of the organization, as they allow a firm to derive and disseminate the necessary insights for the development of more compelling value propositions. In this respect, contemporary research often highlights the role of information systems (IS) for innovation success. However, so far little effort has been made to understand this role more precisely. Drawing on the results of a systematic literature review, we investigate the relationship between IS and the SIP and present seven application areas for IS that support sensing capabilities. In this way, we bridge the prevailing gap between DC theory and IS research. Our results shine the light at potential application areas for the use of IS, thus allowing practitioners to improve the sensing capabilities of their organizations.
Complete Genome Sequences of Caldicellulosiruptor sp. Strain Rt8.B8, Caldicellulosiruptor sp. Strain Wai35.B1, and “Thermoanaerobacter cellulolyticus”

ABSTRACT The genus Caldicellulosiruptor contains extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic bacteria capable of lignocellulose deconstruction. Currently, complete genome sequences for eleven Caldicellulosiruptor species are available. Here, we report genome sequences for three additional Caldicellulosiruptor species: Rt8.B8 DSM 8990 (New Zealand), Wai35.B1 DSM 8977 (New Zealand), and “Thermoanaerobacter cellulolyticus” strain NA10 DSM 8991 (Japan).