Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Making Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Available in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Model-Based Analysis in Côte d'Ivoire

Objective:In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV-infected adults who fail second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) often do not have access to third-line ART. We examined the clinical impact and cost-effectiveness of making third-line ART available in Côte d'Ivoire. Methods:We used a simulation model to compare 4 strategies after second-line ART failure: continue second-line ART (C-ART2), continue second-line ART with an adherence reinforcement intervention (AR-ART2), immediate switch to third-line ART (IS-ART3), and continue second-line ART with adherence reinforcement, switching patients with persistent failure to third-line ART (AR-ART3). Third-line ART consisted of a boosted-darunavir plus raltegravir-based regimen. Primary outcomes were 10-year survival and lifetime incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), in $/year of life saved (YLS). ICERs below $3585 (3 times the country per capita gross domestic product) were considered cost-effective. Results:Ten-year survival was 6.0% with C-ART2, 17.0% with AR-ART2, 35.4% with IS-ART3, and 37.2% with AR-ART3. AR-ART2 was cost-effective ($1100/YLS). AR-ART3 had an ICER of $3600/YLS and became cost-effective if the cost of third-line ART decreased by <1%. IS-ART3 was less effective and more costly than AR-ART3. Results were robust to wide variations in the efficacy of third-line ART and of the adherence reinforcement, as well as in the cost of second-line ART. Conclusions:Access to third-line ART combined with an intense adherence reinforcement phase, used as a tool to distinguish between patients who can still benefit from their current second-line regimen and those who truly need third-line ART would provide substantial survival benefits. With minor decreases in drug costs, this strategy would be cost-effective.
Outcome Measures for Effective Teamwork in Inpatient Care

Addresses one step in the process of moving from teamwork training to teamwork practices that improve outcomes of care: identifying outcomes that are most likely to be affected as teamwork practices improve in an implementing organization. Discusses a literature search, methods for selecting and testing candidate measures, measures highly rated by clinical experts, and results of measure testing on administrative data of the DoD health system.
On utilizing the correlations between user populations for traffic inference

Network models today are often derived from two different methods. On one hand, detailed traffic models are generated based on traces from a single tap into the network. Alternatively, one can collect higher-level traffic-matrix data with SNMP from many routers. However, inferring flow-level details from such data is still an open research issue. Today it is infeasible to collect a fine-grained, packet-level representation of a complete, multi-router network. Even if it were economically feasible to synchronize and monitor every router in a large network, the amount of data generated would tax storage and computation resources. In this work, we propose a methodology to infer flow-level traffic across a network by exploiting the correlations between user populations across different networks. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we provide a formal description by which one can quantify the level of “similarity” between two networks. Second, we show that the user-behavior parameters of the traffic (such as user “think” time in web traffic) are correlated across time, while the application-specific parameters of the traffic (such as object size) are correlated across “similar” networks. Finally, by utilizing the correlations between similar networks, we present a methodology for inferring traffic at places where continuously taking measurements are infeasible. We then demonstrate our approach via a case study on traces of web traffic and evaluate its effectiveness via analysis and simulation.
A New Incomplete Decode-and-Forward Protocol

In this work, we explore the introduction of distributed space-time codes in decode-and-forward (DF) protocols. We propose a new Incomplete DF protocol, based on a partial decoding at the relays. This strategy allows the new protocol to bring both full diversity and full symbol rate. Outage probabilities and simulation results show that the Incomplete DF protocol has better performance than any existing DF protocol and than NAF protocols using the same space-time codes.
Validation of a new dyspnea measure: the UCSD Shortness of Breath Questionnaire. University of California, San Diego.

OBJECTIVE Evaluate the reliability and validity of a new version of the University of California, San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ), a 24-item measure that assesses self-reported shortness of breath while performing a variety of activities of daily living. DESIGN PATIENTS enrolled in a pulmonary rehabilitation program were asked to complete the SOBQ, the Quality of Well-Being Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and a 6-min walk with modified Borg scale ratings of perceived breathlessness following the walk. SETTING University medical center pulmonary rehabilitation program. PATIENTS Thirty-two male subjects and 22 female subjects with a variety of pulmonary diagnoses: COPD (n=28), cystic fibrosis (n=9), and postlung transplant (n=17). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS The current version of the SOBQ was compared with the previous version, the format of which often resulted in a significant number of "not applicable" answers. The results demonstrated that the SOBQ had excellent internal consistency (alpha=0.96). The SOBQ was also significantly correlated with all validity criteria. CONCLUSIONS The SOBQ is a valuable assessment tool in both clinical practice and research in patients with moderate-to-severe lung disease.
Modeling and Analysis of Multi-hop Control Networks

We propose a mathematical framework, inspired by the Wireless HART specification, for modeling and analyzing multi-hop communication networks. The framework is designed for systems consisting of multiple control loops closed over a multi-hop communication network. We separate control, topology, routing, and scheduling and propose formal syntax and semantics for the dynamics of the composed system. The main technical contribution of the paper is an explicit translation of multi-hop control networks to switched systems. We describe a Mathematica notebook that automates the translation of multihop control networks to switched systems, and use this tool to show how techniques for analysis of switched systems can be used to address control and networking co-design challenges.
Fully embedded CDMA cellular-band lumped LC-quadrature hybrid coupler into organic package substrate

In this paper, fully embedded lumped LC-quadrature hybrid coupler are designed, fabricated, and characterized into multi-layered organic packaging substrate. This embedded device is comprised of high Q MIM capacitors and circular spiral stacked inductors. For realizing fully embedded high Q capacitor, barium titanate (BaTiO3) composite high Dk film was utilized. The measured return loss and isolation are better than 25 dB. Measured insertion loss is about 0.38 ~ 0.42 dB at the frequencies ranged from 824 MHz to 894 MHz (CDMA cellular-band). The coupler exhibits a coupling loss of 23.3 ~ 24 dB. The phase difference between through and coupling ports is 1.2 ~ 2.4 degree. It has a size of 2.8 mm times 2.95 mm times 0.66 mm (height), which is the smallest one in the couplers developed onto the package substrate. The measured performance characteristics are well matched with the 3D EM simulated ones.
Psychometric properties of Malay neuropsychiatry unit cognitive assessment tool among Alzheimer's disease patients in comparison to Malay Montreal Cognitive Assessment

This study aims to establish psychometric properties of the Malay Neuropsychiatry Unit Cognitive Assessment Tool (Malay NuCOG) in Alzheimer's disease. NuCOG was translated to Malay language and compared with Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool on 80 individuals. The Malay NuCOG showed good internal consistency and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.895). It demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 87.5% specificity at the cutoff score of 78.50/100. The Malay NuCOG is a valid and reliable cognitive instrument that is sensitive and specific for the detection of dementia and has clinical advantages in its ability to examine individual cognitive domains.
Structured use of external knowledge for event-based open domain question answering

One of the major problems in question answering (QA) is that the queries are either too brief or often do not contain most relevant terms in the target corpus. In order to overcome this problem, our earlier work integrates external knowledge extracted from the Web and WordNet to perform Event-based QA on the TREC-11 task. This paper extends our approach to perform event-based QA by uncovering the structure within the external knowledge. The knowledge structure loosely models different facets of QA events, and is used in conjunction with successive constraint relaxation algorithm to achieve effective QA. Our results obtained on TREC-11 QA corpus indicate that the new approach is more effective and able to attain a confidence-weighted score of above 80%.
Entropy-based link analysis for mining web informative structures

In this paper, we study the problem of mining the informative structure of a news Web site which consists of thousands of hyperlinked documents. We define the informative structure of a news Web site as a set of index pages (or referred to as TOC, i.e., table of contents, pages) and a set of article pages linked by TOC pages through informative links. It is noted that the Hyperlink Induced Topics Search (HITS) algorithm has been employed to provide a solution to analyzing authorities and hubs of pages. However, most of the content sites tend to contain some extra hyperlinks, such as navigation panels, advertisements and banners, so as to increase the add-on values of their Web pages. Therefore, due to the structure induced by these extra hyperlinks, HITS is found to be insufficient to provide a good precision in solving the problem. To remedy this, we develop an algorithm to utilize entropy-based Link Analysis on Mining Web Informative Structures. This algorithm is referred to as LAMIS. The key idea of LAMIS is to utilize information entropy for representing the knowledge that corresponds to the amount of information in a link or a page in the link analysis. Experiments on several real news Web sites show that the precision and the recall of LAMIS are much superior to those obtained by heuristic methods and conventional ink analysis methods.
Mixed metal nanomaterials

Preface GOLD NANOSHELLS IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Physical Properties of Gold Nanoshells Synthesis and Bioconjugation Biodistribution,Toxicity Profile and Transport Biomedical Applications Concluding Remarks ANISOTROPIC BIMETALLIC/OXIDE NANOMATERIALS FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES Introduction Synthesis and Functionalization of Anisotropic Bimetallic Nanoparticles Applications in the Life Sciences Conclusions AU-PT NANOMATERIALS AND ENZYMATIC CATALYSTS FOR BIOFUEL CELL APPLICATIONS Introduction Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) Glucose Oxidation Application to Fuel Cell Systems Summary and Outlook SPHERICAL AND ANISOTROPIC METALLIC NANOMATERIALS-BASED NSET BIOSENSORS Introduction Size- and Shape-Dependent Super Quenching Properties of Nanomaterials Nanomaterial Surface Energy Transfer (NSET) Gold Nanoshell-Based Biosensors Problems and Challenges Summary MIXED-METAL OXIDE NANOMATERIALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION Introduction TiO2 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Environmental Remediation Other Mixed-Metal Oxide Photocatalysts Conclusions BUILDING NONMAGNETIC METAL@OXIDE AND BIMETALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS IN THE LIFE SCIENCES Introduction Building Nonmagnetic Metal@Oxide and Bimetallic Nanostructures Current and Future Applications in the Life Sciences Summary and Outlook BIOFUNCTIONALIZATION OF SPHERICAL AND ANISOTROPIC BIMETALLIC NANOMATERIALS Introduction Spherical Core-Shell Bimetallic Nanoparticles Anisotropically Shaped Nanoparticles: Nanorods and Nanowires Profunctional Bimetallic Alloys Outlook MULTIELEMENTAL NANORODS (NANOWIRES): SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Synthetic Strategies Properties Analytical Applications Conclusions SPHERICAL AND ANISOTROPIC NONMAGNETIC CORE-SHELL NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION Introduction: Core-Shell Nanomaterials and Their Biological/Medical Applications Nonmagnetic Core-Shell Nanostructures Synthesis of Cores in Core-Shell Nanostructures Deposition of Shells over the Core Nanomaterials Types of Core-Shell Nanomaterials Applications Conclusions and Future Prospects SPHERICAL AND ANISOTROPIC SILICA SHELL NANOMATERIALS Introduction Silica-Coated Metal Nanoparticles Silica-Coated Quantum Dots Silica-Encapsulated Magnetic Nanoparticles Hollow Silica Spherical Structures Conclusions SPHERCIAL AND ANISOTROPIC CORE-SHELL AND ALLOY NANOMATERIALS: CHARACTERIZATION USING X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY Introduction Nanoparticle Systems for Biomedical Applications Characterization of Spherical and Anisotropic Core-Shell and Alloy Nanomaterials using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) Conclusions ANISOTROPIC HEXAGONAL BORON NITRIDE NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS Introduction Synthesis of BN Nanotubes BNNT-Based Nano-Objects Porous BN and BN Mesh BN Mono- or Few-Layer Sheets Physical Properties of h-BN Applications Concluding Remarks SPHERICAL AND ANISOTROPIC BORON NITRIDE NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION Introduction BN Nanomaterials Synthesis Remarks on Properties and Applications Concluding Remarks
Multi-material additive and subtractive prosumer digital fabrication with a free and open-source convertible delta RepRap 3-D printer

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present novel modifications to a RepRap design that increase RepRap capabilities well beyond just fused filament fabrication. Open-source RepRap 3-D printers have made distributed manufacturing and prototyping an affordable reality. Design/methodology/approach – The design is a significantly modified derivative of the Rostock delta-style RepRap 3-D printer. Modifications were made that permit easy and rapid repurposing of the platform for milling, paste extrusion and several other applications. All of the designs are open-source and freely available. Findings – In addition to producing fused filament parts, the platform successfully produced milled printed circuit boards, milled plastic objects, objects made with paste extrudates, such as silicone, food stuffs and ceramics, pen plotted works and cut vinyl products. The multi-purpose tool saved 90-97 per cent of the capital costs of functionally equivalent dedicated tools. Research limitations/implications – While .
Multi-Frequency Measurements of Complex Permittivity of Dielectric Plates using Higher-Order Modes of a Balanced-Type Circular Disk Resonator

A multi-frequency measurement method is proposed to determine the complex permittivity of dielectric plates. In these measurements, a balanced-type circular disk resonator excited in the center by coaxial cables is used to excite selectively only the TM0m0 modes having different values of integer m. The frequency dependence of the complex permittivity of the plates is obtained from the measured values of the resonant frequency and the unloaded Q of the TM0m0 modes for only one circular disk resonator. The numerical results based on the rigorous analysis are presented to explain the effects of the fringing field and coupling holes including coaxial cable. The usefulness of this method is verified by the measured results of polyolefin and PTFE plates
Rigel

Image processing algorithms implemented using custom hardware or FPGAs of can be orders-of-magnitude more energy efficient and performant than software. Unfortunately, converting an algorithm by hand to a hardware description language suitable for compilation on these platforms is frequently too time consuming to be practical. Recent work on hardware synthesis of high-level image processing languages demonstrated that a single-rate pipeline of stencil kernels can be synthesized into hardware with provably minimal buffering. Unfortunately, few advanced image processing or vision algorithms fit into this highly-restricted programming model. In this paper, we present Rigel, which takes pipelines specified in our new multi-rate architecture and lowers them to FPGA implementations. Our flexible multi-rate architecture supports pyramid image processing, sparse computations, and space-time implementation tradeoffs. We demonstrate depth from stereo, Lucas-Kanade, the SIFT descriptor, and a Gaussian pyramid running on two FPGA boards. Our system can synthesize hardware for FPGAs with up to 436 Megapixels/second throughput, and up to 297x faster runtime than a tablet-class ARM CPU.
RESPONDER CELL FREQUENCY ESTIMATION AND BINOMIAL THREE-LEVEL NONLINEAR MIXED EFFECTS MODEL IN LIMITING DILUTION ASSAYS

Abstract Responder cell frequencies (RCF), which describe vaccine-boosted immune responses in herpes zoster (HZ) prevention studies, have been estimated by using limiting dilution assays (LDA). The theoretical linearity assumption between the logarithm of the proportion of nonresponding wells (s) and the cell concentration (N) (or dilution level) in LDA, based on the single-hit Poisson model, is often violated with observed data resulting in biased estimates of RCF. In this article, the Poisson assumption is modified by applying a mixture of Poisson and gamma distributions, resulting in a negative binomial assumption, which presents a better fit between s and N. In LDA for HZ prevention studies, binary responses (responder or non-responder wells) are measured repeatedly at different cell concentrations and over time. To account for the correlation between responses to varying dilution levels from individuals, and the correlation between repeated assays of individuals over time simultaneously, a binomial three-level nonlinear mixed-effects model is proposed. For parameter estimation, a maximum likelihood method is applied via adaptive Gaussian quadrature. There is a lack of non-Gaussian multilevel nonlinear mixed-effects software, which can execute such a complicated fit. In this article, an algorithm for the three-level nonlinear mixed-effects model, which can be inserted into the code in the SAS® procedure NLMIXED, is suggested.
Lupus nephritis: classification, prognosis, immunopathogenesis, and treatment

Abstract There is great variation in the characteristics of renal histology, in its clinical expression and clinical course, and, most likely, in the pathogenic mechanisms of glomerular damage. As the ability to more precisely characterize these lesions improves and as we better understand the multiple pathogenic mechanisms and modulating factors at play in the disease, treatment advances and improved renal survival should follow.
To-use, Integrated Environment for Navigating, Creating, and Querying Visual Representations of Data. We Will Demonstrate the Three Main Components Which Make up the Datasplash Environment: a Navigation System, a Direct- Manipulation Interface for Creating and Modifying Visualizations, and a Direct-

1. ABSTRACT Database visualization is an area of growing importance as database systems become larger and more accessible. DataSplash is an easyto-use, integrated environment for navigating, creating, and querying visual representations of data. We will demonstrate the three main components which make up the DataSplash environment: a navigation system, a directmanipulation interface for creating and modifying visualizations, and a directmanipulation visual query system.
Expressive Logical Combinators for Free

A popular technique for the analysis of web query languages relies on the translation of queries into logical formulas. These formulas are then solved for satisfiability using an off-the-shelf satisfiability solver. A critical aspect in this approach is the size of the obtained logical formula, since it constitutes a factor that affects the combined complexity of the global approach. We present logical combinators whose benefit is to provide an exponential gain in succinctness in terms of the size of the logical representation. This opens the way for solving a wide range of problems such as satisfiability and containment for expressive query languages in exponential-time, even though their direct formulation into the underlying logic results in an exponential blowup of the formula size, yielding an incorrectly presumed two-exponential time complexity. We illustrate this from a practical point of view on a few examples such as numerical occurrence constraints and tree frontier properties which are concrete problems found with semi-structured data.
Exploiting Semantic Role Resources for Preposition Disambiguation

This article describes how semantic role resources can be exploited for preposition disambiguation. The main resources include the semantic role annotations provided by the Penn Treebank and FrameNet tagged corpora. The resources also include the assertions contained in the Factotum knowledge base, as well as information from Cyc and Conceptual Graphs. A common inventory is derived from these in support of definition analysis, which is the motivation for this work. The disambiguation concentrates on relations indicated by prepositional phrases, and is framed as word-sense disambiguation for the preposition in question. A new type of feature for word-sense disambiguation is introduced, using WordNet hypernyms as collocations rather than just words. Various experiments over the Penn Treebank and FrameNet data are presented, including prepositions classified separately versus together, and illustrating the effects of filtering. Similar experimentation is done over the Factotum data, including a method for inferring likely preposition usage from corpora, as knowledge bases do not generally indicate how relationships are expressed in English (in contrast to the explicit annotations on this in the Penn Treebank and FrameNet). Other experiments are included with the FrameNet data mapped into the common relation inventory developed for definition analysis, illustrating how preposition disambiguation might be applied in lexical acquisition.
Reading Between the Lines: Prediction of Political Violence Using Newspaper Text

This article provides a new methodology to predict armed conflict by using newspaper text. Through machine learning, vast quantities of newspaper text are reduced to interpretable topics. These topics are then used in panel regressions to predict the onset of conflict. We propose the use of the within-country variation of these topics to predict the timing of conflict. This allows us to avoid the tendency of predicting conflict only in countries where it occurred before. We show that the within-country variation of topics is a good predictor of conflict and becomes particularly useful when risk in previously peaceful countries arises. Two aspects seem to be responsible for these features. Topics provide depth because they consist of changing, long lists of terms that make them able to capture the changing context of conflict. At the same time, topics provide width because they are summaries of the full text, including stabilizing factors.