Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A large-scale analysis of sex differences in facial expressions

There exists a stereotype that women are more expressive than men; however, research has almost exclusively focused on a single facial behavior, smiling. A large-scale study examines whether women are consistently more expressive than men or whether the effects are dependent on the emotion expressed. Studies of gender differences in expressivity have been somewhat restricted to data collected in lab settings or which required labor-intensive manual coding. In the present study, we analyze gender differences in facial behaviors as over 2,000 viewers watch a set of video advertisements in their home environments. The facial responses were recorded using participants’ own webcams. Using a new automated facial coding technology we coded facial activity. We find that women are not universally more expressive across all facial actions. Nor are they more expressive in all positive valence actions and less expressive in all negative valence actions. It appears that generally women express actions more frequently than men, and in particular express more positive valence actions. However, expressiveness is not greater in women for all negative valence actions and is dependent on the discrete emotional state.
IT-Barometer 2000 - The Use of IT in the Nordic Construction Industry

SUMMARY: The IT Barometer 2000 was carried out in the autumn 2000 in Sweden, and in the spring 2001 in Denmark and Finland, as a follow up to the first survey, the IT Barometer 1998. This paper presents the most significant results from the Swedish survey and a few selected results from the comparison between the three countries. The Swedish survey was sent out to a statistically chosen selection from the whole country, divided into architects, engineers, contractors, property owners and manufacturer/trade. The survey produced knowledge about the use of computers, hard- and software, communications, and plans and strategies for the use of IT. 88 % of all employees work at workplaces with computers. The most common types of software are word processors, administration and e-mail. 54 % of employees have their own computer at the workplace. The use of CAD in general has increased and the use of model based CAD software has increased among architects. Property owners are those who use computers most widely in their core business, while contractors do this the least. The documents that are most often sent digitally are minutes of meetings and construction drawings. 83 % of all employees work at workplaces with access to the Internet and 45 % have access to the Internet from their own computer. The use of project webs and electronic trade in the industry has started but it is not widespread. Many companies are still increasing their investments in IT but the speed of increase is slowing down. The industry experiences that IT has increased productivity, mostly in general administration. Consultants experience a higher productivity rise than contractors. The greatest advantages with IT are stated as better financial control and faster access to information, while the greatest obstacles are costs, which are too high for investment and upgrading of systems. The motives and plans for IT investments are concentrated on well-tried techniques in the companies’ support business. The comparison between Sweden, Denmark and Finland shows that Finland and Denmark have a greater use of model based CAD and that more employers have their own computer at the workplace. Companies in Sweden think they get better financial control with IT and also prioritise costing/cost control and accounting systems to a greater extent.
Facial Action Unit Detection Using Active Learning and an Efficient Non-linear Kernel Approximation

This paper presents large-scale naturalistic and spontaneous facial expression classification on uncontrolled webcam data. We describe an active learning approach that helped us efficiently acquire and hand-label hundreds of thousands of non-neutral spontaneous and natural expressions from thousands of different individuals. With the increased numbers of training samples a classic RBF SVM classifier, widely used in facial expression recognition, starts to become computationally limiting for training and real-time performance. We propose combining two techniques: 1) smart selection of a subset of the training data and 2) the Nystrom kernel approximation method to train a classifier that performs at high-speed (300fps). We compare performance (accuracy and classification time) with respect to the size of the training dataset and the SVM kernel, using either an RBF kernel, a linear kernel or the Nystrom approximation method. We present facial action unit classifiers that perform extremely well on spontaneous and naturalistic webcam videos from around the world recorded over the Internet. When evaluated on a large public dataset (AM-FED) our method performed better than the previously published baseline. Our approach generalizes to many problems that exhibit large individual variability.
Representational levels of bilateral N170 for Japanese Hiragana strings during focal spatial attention to letters

Fluent reading requires the rapid integration of letters into a uniﬁed letter-string percept. Previous studies have shown that this process is related to specific enhancement of the left-lateralized event-related potential ( ERP ) called N170. However, our previous studies found bilateral N170, rather than left-lateralized N170, enhancement for rapidly-presented Japanese Hiragana strings that were either unattended or had wide interletter spacing ( Okumura et al., 2014, 2015 ) . To explore the possibility that bilateral N170 reﬂects the processing of separate letters, the present study examined lateralized ERP attention effects for widely-spaced Hiragana words, nonwords, and alphanumeric symbol strings. Twelve participants were required to attend to the left or right end of strings, and to respond to a target letter/symbol at the attended location. We found bilateral N170 enhancement for Hiragana strings ( 130 ‒ 210 ms poststimulus ) , while a spatial attention effect was seen in the 160 ̶ 210 ms interval regardless of Hiragana or symbol strings. These results suggest that N170 specialization involves processing of letter strings at the level of separate constituent-letters when they are widely spaced or when attention does not cover letter
Local Logistic Classifiers for Large Scale Learning

This article describes the construction of the local logistic classifier, a highly scalable and parallelizable classifier combining local learning with a logistic classifier. To speed up the learning of each local logistic classifier, a novel fixed point algorithm is introduced. The practicality and performance of the classifier is demonstrated on a 10 million character training set derived from the UW3 dataset, and the classifier is demonstrated as part of an OCR system. The classifier is also compared to another proposed large scale classification method, GURLS [7], in experiments on ImageNet dataset .
John V. K a b e r and e x p l a i n e x p e r i e n t i a l D r a p e r S E C T I O

Mississippi Telepresence. the perception of presence within a physically remote or simulated site, has been identified as a design ideal for synthetic environments. However, confusion exists within the literature about the precise definition of telepresence. Furthermore. there is a need for a plausible and parsimonious model of tele-presence. This paper identifies three types of telepresence extant in the literature: simple telepresence. cybernetic telepresence, and experiential telepresence. The third definition is the most interesting. This paper reviews the origins of experiential telepresence and the theoretical approaches commonly used to explain it. One can term these technological approaches, which emphasize the role of control/display technology. and psychological approaches. which identify experiential telepresence with known psychological phenomena. Finally. the paper presents and discusses an integrative approach to telepresence featuring a structured attentional resource model. Actual or potential applications of this research include the design of future human-machine interfaces for teleoperated robots and virtual reality systems. INTRODUCTION Synthetic environment (SE) technology is gaining wide acceptance within industrialized nations in the waning years of the 20th century. According to Durlach and Mavor (1995), an SE features computer mediation of user interaction with an environment physically separate from the user. The purpose of an SE is to project a user's perceptual, cognitive, and psycho-motor capabilities into distant, dangerous, or simulated environments. Differences in the nature of the computer-mediated environment allow subdivision of SEs into virtual reality systems , teleoperators, and telecommunications, but the shared characteristics of computer-mediated interaction blur the distinction in terms of human-machine interface design. This is particularly so given that hybrid systems integrating virtual models with real worlds for Requests for reprints should be sent to John V. remote manipulation are being developed (see Milgram, Yin, & Grodski, 1997). The focus of the current paper is on a phenomenon associated with SEs and variously labeled presence, synthetic presence, virtual presence, social presence, ego presence, or telepresence. Each of these terms refers to an experience that appears to involve displacement of the user's self-perception into a computer-mediated environment. Each of these terms is used idiosyncratically within a particular application of SE technology. but all of them refer to the same phenomenon. Hendrix and Barfield (1996) noted that virtual presence (feeling present in a computer-generated environment) and telepresence (feeling present in a remote but real environment) are indistinguishable phenomena psychologically. also drew a distinction between ego presence, projection of self into a computer-mediated TELEPRESENCE 355 …
Determinants of the intention to use the internet to lose weight

Obesity and overweight are still increasing in many countries. Lots of research and interventions, online and offline, been done to decrease this amount. This study investigates which determinants might influence the intention to use the internet to lose weight. The UTAUT model was used. The determinants, or independent variables, of this model are: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. The dependent variable in this study is the intention to use the internet to lose weight. Some other determinants are added to the model, with help of the literature. Namely digital skills (operational, informational, social and mobile), personal traits (social loneliness, motivation, shame and self-reported health) and experience. Also the moderating effects between the variables and age, gender, education and BMI were measured. To answer this research question an online survey was used. The results of this study showed a positive effect of social influence, motivation and experience on the intention to use the internet to lose weight. During the moderator analysis a significant effect was shown between performance expectancy and age, effort expectancy and age and social influence and gender
A new protein-protein docking scoring function based on interface residue properties

MOTIVATION Protein-protein complexes are known to play key roles in many cellular processes. However, they are often not accessible to experimental study because of their low stability and difficulty to produce the proteins and assemble them in native conformation. Thus, docking algorithms have been developed to provide an in silico approach of the problem. A protein-protein docking procedure traditionally consists of two successive tasks: a search algorithm generates a large number of candidate solutions, and then a scoring function is used to rank them. RESULTS To address the second step, we developed a scoring function based on a Voronoï tessellation of the protein three-dimensional structure. We showed that the Voronoï representation may be used to describe in a simplified but useful manner, the geometric and physico-chemical complementarities of two molecular surfaces. We measured a set of parameters on native protein-protein complexes and on decoys, and used them as attributes in several statistical learning procedures: a logistic function, Support Vector Machines (SVM), and a genetic algorithm. For the later, we used ROGER, a genetic algorithm designed to optimize the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve. To further test the scores derived with ROGER, we ranked models generated by two different docking algorithms on targets of a blind prediction experiment, improving in almost all cases the rank of native-like solutions. AVAILABILITY http://genomics.eu. org/spip/-Bioinformatics-tools-
A leucine‐rich repeat membrane protein, 5T4, is expressed by a subtype of granule cells with dendritic arbors in specific strata of the mouse olfactory bulb

Segregation of neuron‐type‐specific synaptic connections in different strata is a characteristic feature shared by the olfactory bulb (OB) and retina. In the mammalian OB, mitral cells form dendrodendritic synapses with granule cells (GCs) in the deep stratum of the external plexiform layer (EPL), whereas tufted cells form dendrodendritic synapses in the superficial stratum. In the search for membrane proteins with strata‐specific expression patterns, we found that a leucine‐rich repeat membrane protein (5T4 oncofetal trophoblast glycoprotein) was expressed selectively by a subset of superficial GCs. The somata of 5T4‐positive GCs were localized in or near the mitral cell layer, and their apical dendrites ramified preferentially in the superficial stratum of the EPL, where tufted cell dendrites ramified. Strata‐specific expression of 5T4 was found also in the retina: 5T4 was expressed selectively by rod‐bipolar cells and a subset of amacrine cells whose dendrites ramified in a specific sublamina of the inner plexiform layer. During the perinatal and postnatal development of the OB, 5T4 expression paralleled in time the formation of dendrodendritic synapses in the EPL. Odor deprivation during the first postnatal month selectively reduced the thickness of the superficial stratum of the EPL and the number of 5T4‐positive GCs. Because 5T4 is known to interact with actin cytoskeleton, these observations suggest that 5T4 is involved in the formation or maintenance of strata‐specific dendritic ramification or synaptic connection of subsets of local interneurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 495:754–768, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduced renal expression of AQP2, p-AQP2 and AQP3 in haemorrhagic shock-induced acute renal failure.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate the changes in the expression levels of renal aquaporins (AQPs) in response to haemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats and whether a change in the expression of AQPs was associated with parallel changes in urinary concentration. METHODS HS was induced by withdrawal of blood through the femoral artery in rats. A mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg was maintained for 1 h before blood was reinfused, and rats were kept in metabolic cages for urine measurements. Two days after HS, we examined the abundance of AQPs in kidney by semiquantitative immunoblotting. RESULTS HS rats (n = 13) developed acute renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance was 5.5 +/- 0.4 vs 6.9 +/- 0.3 ml/min/kg in sham-operated rats, n = 13, P < 0.05) and decreased urine osmolality (888 +/- 88 vs 1799 +/- 110 mosmol/kg H(2)O, P < 0.05). Consistent with this, semiquantitative immunoblotting revealed that the abundance of AQP2, phosphorylated (Ser256) AQP2 (p-AQP2) and AQP3 in whole kidney was significantly decreased after 2 days to 33 +/- 4, 41 +/- 9 and 35 +/- 14% of sham levels, respectively (P < 0.05). Also, the abundance of AQP2, p-AQP2 and AQP3 in inner medulla was markedly decreased to 36 +/- 8, 39 +/- 10 and 34 +/- 16% of sham levels (P < 0.05). In contrast, the abundance of AQP1 was not significantly changed compared with sham levels. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the collecting duct water channel AQP2, p-AQP2 and AQP3 was significantly downregulated after HS, which may play an important role in the impaired urinary concentrating ability in HS-induced acute renal failure.
Localization of quantum walks on a deterministic recursive tree

Localization of quantum walks can be characterized by the return probability, i.e., theprobability for the walker returning to its original site. In this paper, we consider localiza-tion of continuous-time quantum walks in terms of return probability on a deterministicrecursive tree, which is generated by adding one node and connecting it to each node ofthe existing tree recursively. We obtain an approximate form for the return probabilityusing the complete eigenvalues and eigenstates of Laplace matrix of the structure. It isfound that the return probability depends on the initial node of the excitation. Whenthe walk starts at the central nodes, the return probability converges to a constant valueeven in the limit of infinite system, in contrast to an exponential decay of the returnprobability if the walk starts at the outlying nodes. We also observe a bipartite structurefor the distribution of return probability, and provide theoretical interpretation for allour findings. Our results suggest that quantum walks display significant localization andwell-bedded structure of return probability on heterogeneous trees.
Organizational Justice and Ethics Program “Follow-Through”: Influences on Employees’ Harmful and Helpful Behavior

Abstract: Organizational justice and injustice are widely noted influences on employees’ ethical behavior. Corporate ethics programs also raise issues of justice; organizations that fail to “follow-through” on their ethics policies may be perceived as violating employees’ expectations of procedural and retributive justice. In this empirical study of four large corporations, we considered employees’ perceptions of general organizational justice, and their perceptions of ethics program follow-through, in relation to unethical behavior that harms the organization, and to employees’ willingness to help the organization by reporting ethical problems and issues to management. Results show that when employees perceive general organizational justice and ethics program follow-through, there is less unethical behavior and greater willingness to report problems. General justice and ethics program follow-through also interact with each other, showing that the impact of ethics initiatives is influenced by the organizational context.
Ranking Kernels for Structures and Embeddings: A Hybrid Preference and Classification Model

Recent work has shown that Tree Kernels (TKs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) obtain the state of the art in answer sentence reranking. Additionally, their combination used in Support Vector Machines (SVMs) is promising as it can exploit both the syntactic patterns captured by TKs and the embeddings learned by CNNs. However, the embeddings are constructed according to a classification function, which is not directly exploitable in the preference ranking algorithm of SVMs. In this work, we propose a new hybrid approach combining preference ranking applied to TKs and pointwise ranking applied to CNNs. We show that our approach produces better results on two well-known and rather different datasets: WikiQA for answer sentence selection and SemEval cQA for comment selection in Community Question Answering.
Modeling Analysis and Improvement for Free-Riding on BitTorrent-like File Sharing Systems

BitTorrent has emerged as a very popular peer-to- peer file sharing system, which uses an embedded set of incentive mechanisms to encourage contribution and prevent free-riding. However, the capability BitTorrent has of preventing free-riding needs further study. In this paper, we present a fluid model with two different classes of peers to capture the effect of free-riding on BitTorrent-like systems. With the model, we find that BitTorrent's incentive mechanism is successful in preventing free-riding in a system without seeds, but may not succeed in producing a disincentive for free-riding in a system with a high number of seeds. The reason for this is that BitTorrent does not employ an effective mechanisms for seeds to effectively guard against free-riding. Therefore, we propose a seed bandwidth allocation strategy for the BitTorrent system to reduce the effect of seeds on free-riding. Finally, simulation results are given, which validate what we have found in our analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Sleep and psychiatry

Psychiatric disorders constitute 15.4% of the disease burden in established market economies. Many psychiatric disorders are associated with sleep disturbances, and the relationship is often bidirectional. This paper reviews the prevalence of various psychiatric disorders, their clinical presentation, and their association with sleep disorders. Among the psychiatric disorders reviewed are affective disorders, psychosis, anxiety disorders (including post-traumatic stress disorder), substance abuse disorders, eating disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. The spectrum of associated sleep disorders includes insomnia, hypersomnia, nocturnal panic, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, restless legs/periodic limb movements of sleep, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias. The effects on sleep of various psychotropic medications utilized to treat the above psychiatric disorders are summarized.
AODV route protocol research based on improved ERS algorithm

Global flooding and expanding ring search are two commonly used methods in searching for an interested object in multi-hop wireless networks. Global flooding is not scalable for large networks. To take advantage of expanding ring search, in this paper, we propose an improved algorithm named HP-ERS-AODV which executes an efficient route discovery scheme by predicting current location of destination using hop counts of history. We provide detailed performance evaluation using simulation modeling and compare HP-ERS-AODV with both ERS-AODV and Flood-AODV. Our findings show that HP-ERS-AODV outperforms both ERS-AODV and Flood-AODV by reducing end-to-end delay and by improving routing overhead.
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— In a haptic interface system with a nanoscale virtual environment (NVE) using an atomic force microscope (AFM), not only stability is important but also task-based performance (or fidelity) is crucial. In this paper, we introduce a nanoscale virtual coupling (NSVC) concept and explicitly derive the relationship between performance, stability and scaling factors of velocity (or position) and force. An available scaling factor region is represented based on Llewellyn's absolute stability criteria and the physical limitation of the haptic device. For the stable haptic interface, the sampled time passivity controller is implemented in the NVE. Experiments have been performed for tele-nanomanipulation tasks such as positioning, indenting and nanolithography with guaranteed stability in the NVE.
Comparing audio descriptors for singing voice detection in music audio files

Given the relevance of the singing voice in popular western music, a system able to reliable identify those portions of a music audio file containing vocals would be very useful. In this work, we explore already used descriptors to perform this task and compare the performance of a statistical classifier using each kind of them, concluding that MFCC are the most appropriate. As an outcome of our study, an effective statistical classification system with a reduced set of descriptors for singing voice detection in music audio files is presented. The performance of the system is validated using independent datasets of popular music for training, validation and testing, reaching a classification performance of 78.5% on the testing set.