Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The demographic and adaptive history of the African green monkey

Relatively little is known about the evolutionary history of the African green monkey (genus Chlorocebus) due to the lack of sampled polymorphism data from wild populations. Yet, this characterization of genetic diversity is not only critical for a better understanding of their own history, but also for human biomedical research given that they are one of the most widely used primate models. Here, I analyze the demographic and selective history of the African green monkey, utilizing one of the most comprehensive catalogs of wild genetic diversity to date, consisting of 1,795,643 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms in 25 individuals, representing all five major populations: C. a. aethiops, C. a. cynosurus, C. a. pygerythrus, C. a. sabaeus, and C. a tantalus. Assuming a mutation rate of 5.9 × 10−9 per base pair per generation and a generation time of 8.5 years, divergence time estimates range from 523-621kya for the basal split of C. a. aethiops from the other four populations. Importantly, the resulting tree characterizing the relationship and split-times between these populations differs significantly from that presented in the original genome paper, owing to their neglect of within-population variation when calculating between population-divergence. In addition, I find that the demographic history of all five populations is well explained by a model of population fragmentation and isolation, rather than novel colonization events. Finally, utilizing these demographic models as a null, I investigate the selective history of the populations, identifying candidate regions potentially related to adaptation in response to pathogen exposure.
Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus; not always an isolated anomaly. A review of long-term outcomes

Abstract Objective: To describe the long-term outcomes of children at school age who were thought to have isolated idiopathic congenital talipes equino varus (ICTEV) at birth. Method: A retrospective review of all children attending a regional talipes clinic who had achieved school age. Results: One hundred sixty-three children were followed up. ICTEV was more common in Maori and other Polynesian children and in males. Additional abnormalities were apparent in 30.1% overall, but higher in New Zealand Europeans (43%) than Maori (21%) or other Polynesians (22%). Of the abnormalities, 41% were associated with the central nervous system or with neurodevelopmental delay. Conventional G-band karyotyping, where performed, was not informative. Conclusions: The rate of additional abnormalities was higher than previous reports. This has implications for prenatal counseling and postnatal follow-up as a prenatal diagnosis of ICTEV may subsequently be found to have longer term implications in addition to orthopedic treatments of the clubfeet.
Metabolic and Pancreatic Effects of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple infusions of allogeneic MSCs on glucose homeostasis and morphometry of pancreatic islets in high- fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Swiss mice were fed standard diet (C group) or HFD (HFD group). After 8 weeks, animals of HFD group received sterile phosphate-buffered saline infusions (HFD-PBS) or four infusions of MSCs one week apart (HFD-MSCs). Fasting glycemia (FG) was determined weekly and glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the infusions of MSCs. The MSCs transplanted mice were classified as responder (FG < 180 mg/dL, 72.2% of transplanted mice) or non-responder (FG > 180mg/dL, 28.8%) Seven weeks after MSCs infusions, FG decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared with the HFD-PBS group. Sixteen weeks post MSCs infusions, GTT and ITT areas under the curve (AUC) decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared to HFD-PBS group. Serum insulin concentration was higher in HFD-PBS group than in control animals and was not different compared with the other groups. The relative volume of α-cells was significantly smaller in HFD-PBS group than in C group and significantly higher in HFD-MSCs-NR than in HFD-PBS and HFD-MSCs-R groups. Cell apoptosis in the islets was higher in HFD-PBS group than in C group, and lower in HFD-MSCs responder mice than in HFD-PBS group and non-responder animals. The results demonstrate the ability of multiple infusions of MSCs to promote prolonged decrease in hyperglycemia and apoptosis in pancreatic islets and increase in insulin sensitivity in HFD fed mice.
A novel solution for the Hausdorff measure computation of Sierpinski carpet

The computation of the Hausdorff measure of fractals is the basic problem in fractal geometry. However, this is very difficult. The genetic algorithm is one of optimization algorithms to resolve complicated problems of wide scope, and has great capabilities in self-organizing, self-adaptation and self-learning. Lifeng Xi professor put forward to the thought of computing the Hausdorff measure of fractals using the genetic algorithm several years ago. In this paper, we mainly discuss the realization of the genetic algorithm on the Sierpinski carpet with compression ratio 1/4 in detail, including the encoding and decoding method, generation of the initial population, fitness computation, and genetic operators. Finally the Hausdorff measure of the Sierpinski carpet with compression ratio 1/4 is obtained. Experimental results show that the genetic algorithm is an effective and universal method of calculation of the Hausdorff measure.
Implementing Inter-organizational Systems (ios) for Strategic Advantage: a Value-flow Framework

Increasingly, organizations have been investing heavily in information systems for greater dyadic coordination and cooperation with each of their key business partners. In this regard, IS research has not kept pace with important theoretical developments in business strategy literature, with little cumulative work being done on the development of a corresponding " business value of IOS " theoretical framework. Motivated by this void in the literature, we develop a value-flow framework that incorporates both a variance and process view of the organizational and inter-organizational dynamics of discovering, creating and realizing value from dyadic IOS implementations. Beyond its utility for research, this study may also provide valuable insights for management practice as it offers an evaluative framework with a focus on inflection points and key interactions during the course of such an implementation.
The Psychodynamic Approach to Transactional Analysis

The authors propose recovering the original psychoanalytic basis of transactional analysis with the goal of targeting script control. A psychoanalytic cure can be achieved by reorienting the ego state of the confused Child. A coherent application of the psychodynamic transactional approach is offered based on the following: (1) a theoretical model of the transference relationship, (2) a clinical methodology, and (3) a consequent intervention strategy.
Within- and Between-Individual Variation in Energy and Nutrient Intake in Japanese Adults: Effect of Age and Sex Differences on Group Size and Number of Records Required for Adequate Dietary Assessment

Background Information on within- and between-individual variation in energy and nutrient intake is critical for precisely estimating usual dietary intake; however, data from Japanese populations are limited. Methods We used dietary records to examine within- and between-individual variation by age and sex in the intake of energy and 31 selected nutrients among Japanese adults. We also calculated the group size required to estimate mean intake for a group and number of days required both to rank individuals within a group and to assess an individual’s usual intake, all with appropriate arbitrary precision. A group of Japanese women (younger: 30–49 years, n = 58; older: 50–69 years, n = 63) and men (younger: 30–49 years, n = 54; older: 50–76 years, n = 67) completed dietary records for 4 nonconsecutive days in each season (16 days in total). Results Coefficients of within-individual variation and between-individual variation were generally larger in the younger group than in the older group and in men as compared with women. The group size required to estimate a group’s mean intake, and number of days required to assess an individual’s usual intake, were generally larger for the younger group and for men. In general, a longer period was required to rank women and older adults. Conclusions In a group of Japanese adults, coefficients of within-individual variation and between-individual variation, which were used to estimate the group size and number of records required for adequate dietary assessment, differed by age, sex, and nutrient.
Fabrication of Composite Filaments with High Dielectric Permittivity for Fused Deposition 3D Printing

Additive manufacturing of complex structures with spatially varying electromagnetic properties can enable new applications in high-technology sectors such as communications and sensors. This work presents the fabrication method as well as microstructural and dielectric characterization of bespoke composite filaments for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of microwave devices with a high relative dielectric permittivity ϵ=11 in the GHz frequency range. The filament is composed of 32 vol % of ferroelectric barium titanate (BaTiO3) micro-particles in a polymeric acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix. An ionic organic ester surfactant was added during formulation to enhance the compatibility between the polymer and the BaTiO3. To promote reproducible and robust printability of the fabricated filament, and to promote plasticity, dibutyl phthalate was additionally used. The combined effect of 1 wt % surfactant and 5 wt % plasticizer resulted in a uniform, many hundreds of meters, continuous filament of commercial quality capable of many hours of uninterrupted 3D printing. We demonstrate the feasibility of using the high dielectric constant filament for 3D printing through the fabrication of a range of optical devices. The approach herein may be used as a guide for the successful fabrication of many types of composite filament with varying functions for a broad range of applications.
Anterior open bite treatment with magnets.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of repelling magnets on the treatment of anterior open bite and compare them with the effects of acrylic posterior bite-blocks. Twenty patients, aged 9-16 years with skeletal anterior open bite, were randomly divided into two groups. In one group the patients wore posterior repelling magnet splints and in the other they wore acrylic posterior bite-blocks of the same thickness as the magnet splints. The patients were instructed to use their appliance as much as possible (the minimum accepted being 18 hours daily) during a 6-month period. Dental casts, intra-oral photos, and lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatment, and the patients were also examined regularly to identify the development of any craniomandibular disorders. In the first group, the dental and skeletal vertical relation responded quickly to the magnet treatment. The open bite was generally closed in just under 4 months, especially in patients in early mixed dentition. Spacing in the labial segments decreased in some cases, while slight crowding was induced in others. Transverse problems, i.e. unilateral cross-bite, sometimes followed by scissor-bite on the opposite side, was observed in those patients who were in the early mixed dentition and had used the magnets intensively. The patients who wore acrylic posterior bite-blocks also showed improvement in the dental and skeletal vertical relationships, especially during the first months. This was followed by a 'plateau' period. No transverse problems were found in these patients.
Parametrized ♦ principles

We will present a collection of guessing principles which have a similar relationship to ♦ as cardinal invariants of the continuum have to CH. The purpose is to provide a means for systematically analyzing ♦ and its consequences. It also provides for a uniﬁed approach for understanding the status of a number of consequences of CH and ♦ in models such as those of Laver, Miller, and Sacks.
Contamination and Camouflage in Euphemisms

Communicators may representationally displace an unpleasant topic by avoiding direct reference to it (e.g., she died) in favor of a euphemism (she's no longer with us). How does a euphemism's displacement capacity change over its career in the vernacular? Linguists have assumed that this capacity deteriorates as euphemisms become conventional and thus “contaminated” by their association with negative referents. In contrast, communicative pragmatics theory suggests that conventionality may confer camouflage-like properties to euphemisms, enabling addressees to process them in a mindless fashion. We report two studies investigating these divergent theoretical accounts. Study 1 explored the relationship between perceptions of euphemisms’ familiarity and politeness. Study 2 examined the attributional consequences of conventional and unconventional euphemistic encodings of an ostensibly taboo topic. Our results contradict the associative contamination hypothesis and comport with the camouflage hypothesis.
Identification of the Red Supergiant Progenitor of Supernova 2005cs: Do the Progenitors of Type II-P Supernovae Have Low Mass?

The stars that end their lives as supernovae (SNe) have been directly observed in only a handful of cases, mainly because of the extreme difficulty of identifying them in images obtained prior to the SN explosions. Here we report the identification of the progenitor for the recent Type II-plateau (core collapse) SN 2005cs in pre-explosion archival images of the Whirlpool Galaxy (M51) obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). From high-quality ground-based images of the SN obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope, we precisely determine the position of the SN and are able to isolate the SN progenitor to within 0. ″04 in the HST ACS optical images. We further pinpoint the SN location to within 0. ″005 from HST ACS ultraviolet images of the SN, confirming our progenitor identification. From photometry of the SN progenitor obtained with the pre-SN ACS images, and also from limits to its brightness in pre-SN HST NICMOS images, we infer that the progenitor is a red supergiant star of spectral type K3-M4 with initial mass 10 ± 3 M☉. We also discuss the implications of the SN 2005cs progenitor identification and its mass estimate. There is an emerging trend that the most common Type II-plateau SNe originate from low-mass supergiants (8-20 M☉).
Factors affecting rocchio‐based pseudorelevance feedback in image retrieval

Pseudorelevance feedback (PRF) was proposed to solve the limitation of relevance feedback (RF), which is based on the user‐in‐the‐loop process. In PRF, the top‐k retrieved images are regarded as PRF. Although the PRF set contains noise, PRF has proven effective for automatically improving the overall retrieval result. To implement PRF, the Rocchio algorithm has been considered as a reasonable and well‐established baseline. However, the performance of Rocchio‐based PRF is subject to various representation choices (or factors). In this article, we examine these factors that affect the performance of Rocchio‐based PRF, including image‐feature representation, the number of top‐ranked images, the weighting parameters of Rocchio, and similarity measure. We offer practical insights on how to optimize the performance of Rocchio‐based PRF by choosing appropriate representation choices. Our extensive experiments on NUS‐WIDE‐LITE and Caltech 101 + Corel 5000 data sets show that the optimal feature representation is color moment + wavelet texture in terms of retrieval efficiency and effectiveness. Other representation choices are that using top‐20 ranked images as pseudopositive and pseudonegative feedback sets with the equal weight (i.e., 0.5) by the correlation and cosine distance functions can produce the optimal retrieval result.
Gesture based non-obstacle interaction on mobile computing devices for dirty working environment

Huynh, William B. M.S., Purdue University, May 2016. Gesture Based Non-Obstacle Interaction on Mobile Computing Devices for Dirty Working Environment. Major Professor: Yingjie Victor Chen. The dominant way of interacting with tablets, smartphones, or wearable devices are through touchscreen or touchpad, which requires the user to physically touch the device’s screen. However, in certain situation, for example, a dirty working environment, touching is not ideal or feasible. This study examined a new method that allows for a non-touch interaction by using the devices’ back camera along with simple gesture to simulate mouse clicking. Cameras are used to capture motion-based gestures coupled with object detection, achieving a non-touch interaction. With human subject evaluation, the researcher found that using the back camera on mobile devices for gesture based controls is not as efficient as touch. Efficiency was measured in speed and accuracy, speed was about three times slower than current touch method, accuracy varied depending on smoothness of a task but was about two times less accurate. However, in a dirty working environment, this method is still effective and intuitive to use. Keyword: Mobile human interaction, gesture, mobile devices, dirty working enviroment
Clock synchronization over directed graphs

One of the requirements for distributed control and estimation applications in wireless networks is that all nodes have a common timescale. Recently, a clock synchronization method has been proposed which is based on a model consisting of heterogeneous double-integrators and distributed linear update rules. In this paper, we extend these results to networks with directed communication topology. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions under which synchronization is guaranteed over directed graphs and present an easy-to-check graphical stability condition for analysis and design purposes. Furthermore, we characterize the resulting common clock speed of the synchronized network. Various numerical examples illustrate the results.
Severe injury and the need for improved safety training among working teens.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate work characteristics and safety training among teenagers with severe work-related injuries. METHODS A questionnaire was administered to 6810 high school Wisconsin students in May 2003. RESULTS Fifteen percent of working teens reported being injured at work. Variables associated with severe injury included having a near-miss incident at work (AOR = 8.72, 95%CI = 5.51-13), working after 11:00 PM (AOR = 4.21, 95%CI=2.08-8.53), and being asked to do something dangerous (AOR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.53-4.39). CONCLUSIONS Prohibiting teens from working long and late hours, improved safety training, and increased communication between teens and their coworkers and supervisors may help reduce the occurrence of injury.
Combine non simultaneous conjugate match and simultaneous conjugate match techniques for X-band LNA design

This paper studies the design of low noise amplifier (LNA) by using combining non simultaneous conjugate match and simultaneous conjugate match technique. The purpose of such combining technique is to obtain trade off minimum noise figure, minimum voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and high gain. In the design process, two stage configurations are applied. The first stage uses non simultaneous conjugate match (Non SCM) technique and the second one uses simultaneous conjugate match (SCM) technique. This work uses BJT transistors of BFP 840ESD and the rogers RO4003C substrate as planar structure for matching impedances network. The Agilent Design System (ADS) software is used to obtain LNA characteristics. The designed LNA at frequency 9.3 GHz achieves gain 28.01 dB, noise figure 1.57 dB, VSWR input and VSWR output are derived at values 1.17 and 1.28, respectively.
An investigation of obesity and binge eating behaviour in preadolescent Australian school children

Childhood overweight and obesity is a significant and increasing health problem both nationally and globally. Yet few interventions for preventing obesity have been successful, particularly in the long-term, suggesting that important factors are being overlooked. The aims of this thesis were to investigate (a) the prevalence of childhood overweight, obesity, and binge eating; and (b) the relationships between body weight, binge eating behaviour, and a set of physical, psychological, and psychosocial variables including parent body size, body dissatisfaction, size-related teasing experiences, internalisation of sociocultural messages, depression, dieting attitudes and behaviour, and emotional eating. Participants were 569 grade five and six primary school children (272 boys and 297 girls) from Catholic and Government schools across metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Almost 25% of participants were classified as overweight or obese. Thirteen percent of participants reported engaging in overeating (with or without loss of control), 14% reported loss of control (with or without overeating), and 6% reported engaging in binge eating (overeating and loss of control). Structural equation modelling analyses found that body weight and binge eating were indirectly related. Body weight was directly and positively associated with parent body size, size-related teasing experiences, body dissatisfaction, and internalisation of sociocultural messages, negatively associated with emotional eating, and indirectly associated with depression, and dieting attitudes and behaviour. Binge eating was directly and positively related to parent body size, emotional eating, depression, and body dissatisfaction, while indirect associations were found with size-related teasing experiences, internalisation of sociocultural messages, and dieting attitudes and behaviour. A direct relationship between body dissatisfaction and loss of control was also found. Some gender differences were detected. Multivariate analysis of variance also revealed that binge eaters scored significantly higher on measures of depression, size-related teasing experiences, internalisation of sociocultural messages, and angry and worried related emotional eating than non-binge eaters. Differences were also found for participants reporting the presence or absence of overeating (regardless of loss of control) and loss of control (regardless of overeating).
Autocalibration & 3D reconstruction with non-central catadioptric cameras

We present a technique for modeling non-central catadioptric cameras consisting of perspective cameras and curved mirrors. The real catadioptric cameras have to be treated as non-central cameras, since they do not possess a single viewpoint. We present a method for solving the correspondence problem, auto-calibrating cameras, and computing a 3D metric reconstruction automatically from two uncalibrated non-central catadioptric images. The method is demonstrated on spherical, parabolic, and hyperbolic mirrors. We observed that the reconstruction & auto-calibration with non-central catadioptric cameras is as easy (or as difficult) as with central catadioptric cameras, provided that the correspondence problem can be solved with a suitable approximate central model. It turns out that it is the number of parameters of the camera model that matters rather than the exact centrality of the projection. Our technique allows to autocalibrate catadioptric cameras even with genuinely non-central mirrors such as spheres (simple model, low blur, easy to manufacture) or uniform resolution mirrors (optimized projection).