Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) for Vacuole Formation in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐Stimulated Macrophages

The role of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) on vacuole formation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells was examined. LPS definitely induced the formation of vacuoles in RAW 264.7 cells and SB202190 as a p38 specific inhibitor also induced slight vacuole formation. The simultaneous treatment with LPS and SB202190 induced many more vacuoles in RAW 264.7 cells than the treatment with LPS or SB202190 alone, and the vacuoles were extraordinarily large in size. On the other hand, an inactive inhibitor of p38 MAPK did not augment LPS‐induced vacuole formation. Further, the inhibitors of other MAPKs and nuclear factor (NF)‐κB pathways did not affect it. The extraordinarily large vacuoles in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS and SB202190 were possibly formed via fusion of small vacuoles. However, SB202190 did not augment vacuole formation in CpG DNA or interferon (IFN)‐γ‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The role of p38 MAPK in the vacuole formation in LPS‐stimulated macrophages is discussed.
Matching the Diversity of Sulfated Biomolecules: Creation of a Classification Database for Sulfatases Reflecting Their Substrate Specificity

Sulfatases cleave sulfate groups from various molecules and constitute a biologically and industrially important group of enzymes. However, the number of sulfatases whose substrate has been characterized is limited in comparison to the huge diversity of sulfated compounds, yielding functional annotations of sulfatases particularly prone to flaws and misinterpretations. In the context of the explosion of genomic data, a classification system allowing a better prediction of substrate specificity and for setting the limit of functional annotations is urgently needed for sulfatases. Here, after an overview on the diversity of sulfated compounds and on the known sulfatases, we propose a classification database, SulfAtlas (http://abims.sb-roscoff.fr/sulfatlas/), based on sequence homology and composed of four families of sulfatases. The formylglycine-dependent sulfatases, which constitute the largest family, are also divided by phylogenetic approach into 73 subfamilies, each subfamily corresponding to either a known specificity or to an uncharacterized substrate. SulfAtlas summarizes information about the different families of sulfatases. Within a family a web page displays the list of its subfamilies (when they exist) and the list of EC numbers. The family or subfamily page shows some descriptors and a table with all the UniProt accession numbers linked to the databases UniProt, ExplorEnz, and PDB.
Chlamydia trachomatis Relies on Autonomous Phospholipid Synthesis for Membrane Biogenesis*♦

Background: C. trachomatis has a reduced genome and was thought to obtain phospholipids as well as other nutrients from the host. Results: The new phospholipid molecular species that appear in infected cells are produced by C. trachomatis. Conclusion: C. trachomatis needs only glucose, isoleucine, and serine to synthesize its own membrane phospholipids. Significance: C. trachomatis relies on autonomous phospholipid synthesis. The obligate intracellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis has a reduced genome and is thought to rely on its mammalian host cell for nutrients. Although several lines of evidence suggest C. trachomatis utilizes host phospholipids, the bacterium encodes all the genes necessary for fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis found in free living Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterially derived phospholipids significantly increased in infected HeLa cell cultures. These new phospholipids had a distinct molecular species composition consisting of saturated and branched-chain fatty acids. Biochemical analysis established the role of C. trachomatis-encoded acyltransferases in producing the new disaturated molecular species. There was no evidence for the remodeling of host phospholipids and no change in the size or molecular species composition of the phosphatidylcholine pool in infected HeLa cells. Host sphingomyelin was associated with C. trachomatis isolated by detergent extraction, but it may represent contamination with detergent-insoluble host lipids rather than being an integral bacterial membrane component. C. trachomatis assembles its membrane systems from the unique phospholipid molecular species produced by its own fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthetic machinery utilizing glucose, isoleucine, and serine.
High‐Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma without Palpable Lymphadenopathy: Is There a Therapeutic Role for Elective Neck Dissection?

PURPOSE The beneficial role of elective neck dissection (END) in the management of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) of the head and neck remains unproven. Some surgical specialists suggest that END may be beneficial for patients with clinically node-negative (N0) high-risk CSCC, but there are few data to support this claim. We reviewed the available literature regarding the use of END in the management of both CSCC and head and neck SCC (HNSCC). METHODOLOGY The available medical literature pertaining to END in both CSCC and HNSCC was reviewed using PubMed and Ovid Medline searches. RESULTS Many surgical specialists recommend that END be routinely performed in patients with N0 HNSCC when the risk of occult metastases is estimated to exceed 20%; however, patients who undergo END have no proven survival benefit over those who are initially staged as N0 and undergo therapeutic neck dissection (TND) after the development of apparent regional disease. There is a lack of data regarding the proper management of regional nodal basins in patients with N0 CSCC. In the absence of evidence-based data, the cutaneous surgeon must rely on clinical judgment to guide the management of patients with N0 high-risk CSCC of the head and neck. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate work-up for occult nodal disease may occasionally be warranted in patients with high-risk CSCC. END may play a role in only a very limited number of patients with high-risk CSCC.
A Guide to the Performance of Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials. Part 1. Basic Concepts, Recording Parameters, Special Considerations, and Application

ABSTRACT. In August 2002, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of a high-intensity multipulse stimulator to perform transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (TCeMEPs) to monitor motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord. Since that time, this technique for monitoring pure motor pathways during surgeries that place these neural structures at risk has proceeded rapidly toward becoming the standard of care. This article is meant to be an introduction to the performance and use of this exciting new tool in the field of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring. Basic concepts regarding the need for this modality of monitoring, the anatomy of the pathways involved, and the mechanisms of waveform propagation are addressed. Stimulating and recording protocols are suggested for myogenic recordings, and illustrations of waveforms are provided. Special considerations specific to utilizing TCeMEPs, such as anesthetic requirements, risk factors, and other intraoperative considerations are reviewed. Lastly, alarm criteria are discussed and illustrative cases are presented. Appendices of electrode placements, case studies, sample forms, and other information are provided.
Purification and some properties of ATP citrate lyase from Penicillium spiculisporum.

ATP citrate lyase occurs in large quantities in Penicillium spiculisporum. It has been purified 25 fold to a specific activity of 3.6 U/mg. At optimal concentrations of the other substrates apparent Km values are: citrate, 180μM; ATP, 90 μM and CoASH 1–3 μM. The enzyme is Mg2+ dependent, but Mn2+ and Co2+ can also be used. 1,N6-Etheno-adenosine triphosphate is active as a substrate with a Km of 180 μM, but 1,N6-etheno-coenzyme A is not. 2-Decylcitric acid is not a substrate for the enzyme. ATP citrate lyase has a molecular weight of above 200000. The amount of ATP citrate lyase in Penicillium spiculisporum is such as to support the hypothesis that citrate is a precursor of fatty acids in the organism.
Can Body Mass Index Predict Percent Body Fat and Changes In Percent Body Fat with Weight Loss in Bariatric Surgery Patients?

Carey, DG and Raymond, RI. Can body mass index predict percent body fat and changes in percent body fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients? J Strength Cond Res 22: 1315-1319, 2008-The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of body mass index (BMI) in predicting percent body fat and changes in percent body fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients. Twenty-two bariatric patients (17 female, five male) began the study designed to include 12 months of testing, including data collection within 1 week presurgery and 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postsurgery. Five female subjects were lost to the study between 6 months and 12 months postsurgery, resulting in 17 subjects (12 female, five male) completing the 12 months of testing. Variables measured in the study included height, weight, percent fat (% fat) by hydrostatic weighing, lean mass, fat mass, and basal metabolic rate. Regression analyses predicting % fat from BMI yielded the following results: presurgery r = 0.173, p = 0.479, standard error of estimate (SEE) = 3.86; 1 month r = 0.468, p = 0.043, SEE = 4.70; 3 months r = 0.553, p = 0.014, SEE = 6.2; 6 months r = 0.611, p = 0.005, SEE = 5.88; 12 months r = 0.596, p = 0.007, SEE = 7.13. Regression analyses predicting change in % fat from change in BMI produced the following results: presurgery to 1 month r = -0.134, p = 0.583, SEE = 2.44%; 1-3 months r = 0.265, p = 0.272, SEE = 2.36%; 3-6 months r = 0.206, p = 0.398, SEE = 3.75%; 6-12 months r = 0.784, p = 0.000, SEE = 3.20. Although some analyses resulted in significant correlation coefficients (p < 0.05), the relatively large SEE values would preclude the use of BMI in predicting % fat or change in % fat with weight loss in bariatric surgery patients.
Thirty-day prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).

IMPORTANCE Although high rates of current mental disorder are known to exist in the US Army, little is known about the proportions of these disorders that had onsets prior to enlistment. OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportions of 30-day DSM-IV mental disorders among nondeployed US Army personnel with first onsets prior to enlistment and the extent which role impairments associated with 30-day disorders differ depending on whether the disorders had pre- vs post-enlistment onsets. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A representative sample of 5428 soldiers participating in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers completed self-administered questionnaires and consented to linkage of questionnaire responses with administrative records. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Thirty-day DSM-IV internalizing (major depressive, bipolar, generalized anxiety, panic, and posttraumatic stress) and externalizing (attention-deficit/hyperactivity, intermittent explosive, alcohol/drug) disorders were assessed with validated self-report scales. Age at onset was assessed retrospectively. Role impairment was assessed with a modified Sheehan Disability Scale. RESULTS A total of 25.1% of respondents met criteria for any 30-day disorder (15.0% internalizing; 18.4% externalizing) and 11.1% for multiple disorders. A total of 76.6% of cases reported pre-enlistment age at onset of at least one 30-day disorder (49.6% internalizing; 81.7% externalizing). Also, 12.8% of respondents reported severe role impairment. Controlling for sociodemographic and Army career correlates, which were broadly consistent with other studies, 30-day disorders with pre-enlistment (χ₈² = 131.8, P < .001) and post-enlistment (χ₇² = 123.8, P < .001) ages at onset both significantly predicted severe role impairment, although pre-enlistment disorders were more consistent powerful predictors (7 of 8 disorders significant; odds ratios, 1.6-11.4) than post-enlistment disorders (5 of 7 disorders significant; odds ratios, 1.5-7.7). Population-attributable risk proportions of severe role impairment were 21.7% for pre-enlistment disorders, 24.3% for post-enlistment disorders, and 43.4% for all disorders. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Interventions to limit accession or increase resilience of new soldiers with pre-enlistment mental disorders might reduce prevalence and impairments of mental disorders in the US Army.
Towards Auto-Construction of Domain Ontology: An Auto-Constructed Domain Conceptual Lexicon and its Application to Extractive Summarization

A domain conceptual lexicon can be used for the construction of a domain ontology. In this paper, a method of auto-constructing a domain conceptual lexicon is proposed. The conceptual lexicon is represented by WordNet senses and their relations. Using the domain conceptual lexicon, an extractive summarization method is proposed. A characteristic of the scheme is that each sentence of a document is represented by a set of WordNet senses and constitutes a fuzzy transaction for mining conceptual lexicon and ranking relevance. A prototype of this automatic text summarization scheme is built and an intrinsic method with the information-retrieval criteria is used for measuring the summary quality.
Selective laparoscopic adhesiolysis in the management of acute and chronic recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction.

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic adhesiolysis became popular in the last decade for the management of postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction. This paper investigates the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of laparoscopy in this field; the details of a selective adhesiolysis were discussed as well. METHODS The patients who underwent laparoscopic management of acute or chronic recurrent adhesive bowel obstruction were included into the study. The patients were managed according to a specific algorithm. If the conservative management has failed, selective laparoscopic adhesiolysis to the transition zone of distended /collapsed bowel was performed. Patients, who were suffering from chronic recurrent obstruction attacks and those who tolerated oral intake, underwent preoperative enteroclysis studies and selective adhesiolysis was performed according to imaging findings. Computerized tomography was performed in all cases to exclude other diagnoses. RESULTS Thirty-one patients (22 female, 9 male) underwent laparoscopic adhesiolysis from January 1998 to June 2007. The mean age was 48 (range: 20-80). Enteroclysis--guided laparoscopic adhesiolysis was performed in nineteen patients. Twelve patients underwent laparoscopic adhesiolysis for acute obstruction. Enteroclysis was able to demonstrate the pathological adhesion or band in all of the patents who underwent this imaging technique. Conversion and complication rates were 9.6%. The entire patients tolerated well oral intake postoperatively except one who had underwent enteroclysis-guided adhesiolysis; the patient presented with transient subileus on postoperative day 34 and responded well to conservative management. Mean hospital stay was 4.1 days (range: 2-7). The patients are free of symptoms on their follow-up. CONCLUSION Laparoscopy is feasible, safe and effective in postoperative adhesive disease. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis should be performed as selective as possible in acute and chronic cases. Enteroclysis is a helpful imaging modality for performing selective laparoscopic adhesiolysis in chronic obstruction.
The importance of identifying and treating depression in HIV infected, pregnant women: a review

Women make up approximately half of all HIV infections worldwide. A substantial number of women living with HIV in the United States are of childbearing age and many of these women will become pregnant each year. These women must navigate the complexities of two health concerns (HIV infection and pregnancy) and the complexities of two health care provision systems (obstetrics and infectious disease). The goal of HIV treatment during pregnancy is to optimize health of the mother and minimize risk of vertical transmission. To realize these goals, high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and periodic contact with medical professionals are required. Depression is not uncommon in pregnant women and has been identified as a robust predictor of non-adherence to ART and implicated in difficulty utilizing prenatal care. The purpose of the current article is to review evidence in support of diagnosis and treatment, when appropriate, of unipolar depression in HIV positive, pregnant women in developed nations. The article begins by defining the scope of the problem. Assessment and treatment options are discussed, followed by suggestions for future research.
Responses of Host Hemocytes During the Initiation of the Squid-Vibrio Symbiosis

Within hours after colonization of the light organ of the squid Euprymna scolopes by its bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri, the symbiont triggers morphogenesis of the light organ. This process involves the induction of apoptosis in the cells of two superficial ciliated epithelial fields and the gradual regression of these surface structures over a 96-h period. In this study, microscopic examination of various squid tissues revealed that host hemocytes specifically migrate into the epithelial fields on the surface of the light organ, a process that begins before any other indication of symbiont-induced morphogenesis. Experimental manipulations of symbiont-signal delivery revealed that hemocyte infiltration alone is not sufficient to induce regression, and high numbers of hemocytes are not necessary for the induction of apoptosis or the initiation of regression. However, studies with mutant strains of V. fischeri that show a defect in the induction of hemocyte infiltration provided evidence that high numbers of hemocytes facilitate the regression of the epithelial fields. In addition, a change in hemocyte gene expression, as indicated by the up-regulation of the C8 subunit of the proteasome, correlates with the induction of light organ morphogenesis, suggesting that bacteria-induced molecular changes in the hemocytes are required for the participation of these host cells in the regression process.
Apparent diffusion coefficient dependent fMRI: Spatiotemporal characteristics and implications on calibrated fMRI

In this manuscript, we review the development of an alternative functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) contrast mechanism based on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), in light of the recent progress in other complementary functional imaging contrasts sensitive to cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV). Specifically, we discuss the spatial and temporal characteristics of ADC fMRI in localizing neuronal activities, and also draw inference on its potential applicability to achieve fast calibrated fMRI. We found that optimized dynamic ADC contrast can lead to improved spatial localization in small vessel networks close to the true neuronal activities, while having the potential to simultaneously generate the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) and CBF/CBV contrasts required in a calibrated fMRI experiment. With sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and temporal resolution, fMRI based on thedynamic ADC contrast may prove to be an efficient technique toachieve accurate and quantitative measures of neuronal activities. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 20, 42–50, 2010
The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers

Objectives To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a work style (WS) intervention and a work style plus physical activity (WSPA) intervention in computer workers with neck and upper limb symptoms compared with usual care. Methods An economic evaluation was conducted from an employer's perspective and alongside a randomised controlled trial in which 466 computer workers with neck and upper limb symptoms were randomised to a WS group (N=152), a WSPA group (N=156) or a usual care group (N=158). Total costs were compared to the effects on recovery and pain intensity. In the primary analyses, missing effect data were imputed using multiple imputation techniques. Results Total costs during the 12-month intervention and follow-up period were €1907 (WS), €2811 (WSPA) and €2310 (usual care). Differences between groups were not statistically significant. Neither intervention was more effective than usual care in improving overall recovery. The WS intervention was more effective than usual care in reducing current pain, average pain and worst pain in the past 4 weeks, but the WSPA intervention was not. The acceptability curve showed that when a company is willing to pay approximately €900 for a 1-point reduction in average pain (scale from 0 to 10), the probability of cost-effectiveness compared to usual care is 95%. Similar results were observed for current and worst pain. Conclusions This study shows that the WS intervention was not cost-effective for improving recovery but was cost-effective for reducing pain intensity, although this reduction was not clinically significant. The WSPA intervention was not cost-effective compared with usual care. Trial registration number ISRCTN87019406.
Conversations in accountability: Perspectives from three charities

Objective The conversations in accountability were designed to gain an understanding of the use and changes to accountability in charities over time, including learning how results are measured. Methods As part of a larger study which investigated accountability in charities working to reduce mortality of children younger than 5 years in least developed countries, a multiple-case study comprising semistructured in-depth key informant interviews was conducted to investigate the use and effects of accountability in three charities of differing sizes. Results Smaller charities tend to use fewer accountability mechanisms than larger ones, whereas the variation in their use between small and medium-sized charities is greater than the variation between medium-sized and large charities. Conclusion Although accountability has changed over time, charities believe that they are providing the correct amount of accountability – that is, enough to satisfy the perceived demands of their stakeholders but not so much that it detracts from the mission or incurs costs in excess of benefits. However, the tools to determine effectiveness and impact are lacking.