Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Four Type B Trichothecenes and Masked Deoxynivalenol in Various Feed Products

A reliable and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol(DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), fusarenon X (FUS-X), and masked deoxynivalenol (deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, D3G) in formula feed, concentrated feed, and premixed feed products. The method was based on an improved sample pretreatment with the commercially available HLB cartridges used for sample purification and enrichment followed by analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Several key parameters including the extraction solvents, the positions of sample loading solvents, washing and elution solvents for HLB cartridges were carefully optimized to achieve optimal extraction and purification efficiencies. The established method was extensively validated by determining the linearity (R2 ≥ 0.99), sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.08–4.85 μg/kg), recovery (79.3%–108.1%), precision (Intra-day RSDs ≤ 13.5% and Inter-day RSDs ≤ 14.9%), and then was successfully applied to determine the four type B trichothecenes and D3G in a total of 31 feed samples. Among them, 26 were contaminated with various mycotoxins at the levels of 2.1–864.5 μg/kg, and D3G has also been detected in 17 samples with the concentrations in the range of 2.1–34.8 μg/kg, proving the established method to be a valuable tool for type B trichothecenes and masked DON monitoring in complex feed matrices.
Efficient general lattice generation and rescoring

We describe a lattice generation method that produces high-quality lattices with less than 10% increased computation over standard Viterbi decoding. Using the North American Business News (NAB) task, we show our method is within 0.2% in lattice word-error rate of ‘full lattices’, which are those that contain all the recognition hypotheses within the search beam. Our method is closely related to previous lattice generation methods, but applies to more general network topologies. We also give real-time results on the NAB task, in which we generate lattices in a ﬁrst pass and then rescore them with stronger acoustic and language models in a second pass. We are able to achieve at 3x real-time a word error rate of 11.2% onthe Eval ’95 test set, which is only 1.7% worse than AT&T’s ofﬁcial benchmark result that year using what was then a 1000x real-time sys-tem.
Cost-Effective 60-GHz Antenna Package With End-Fire Radiation for Wireless File-Transfer System

This paper proposes a cost-effective antenna package suitable for the mobile terminal of the wireless file-transfer system. The antenna package provides the end-fire radiation from the open-ended post-wall waveguide built into the side of the package. The antenna package, in which a 60-GHz CMOS chip is attached, is mounted on the edge of a printed circuit board by the ball-grid-array assembly. The fabricated antenna, to be built in the package, had the size of 4.8 mm × 6.4 mm × 1.0 mm. The beamwidths of 120° (E-plane) and 72° (H-plane) and the gain of 2.2 dBi were measured at 60 GHz. The cost-effective antenna package with two antennas for the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) was fabricated. The isolation between the Tx and Rx antenna was measured to be greater than 36 dB in the frequency range of 59-66 GHz. Moreover, the antenna with higher gain required from the system was fabricated. The gain of 6 dBi in the range of 58-68 GHz was measured. The beamwidth of 60° (E-plane) and 30° (H-plane) at 60 GHz were measured, respectively.
HMS: A Predictive Text Entry Method Using Bigrams

Due to the emergence of SMS messages, the significance of effective text entry on limited-size keyboards has increased. In this paper, we describe and discuss a new method to enter text more efficiently using a mobile telephone keyboard. This method, which we called HMS, predicts words from a sequence of keystrokes using a dictionary and a function combining bigram frequencies and word length. We implemented the HMS text entry method on a software-simulated mobile telephone keyboard and we compared it to a widely available commercial system. We trained the language model on a corpus of Swedish news and we evaluated the method. Although the training corpus does not reflect the language used in SMS messages, the results show a decrease by 7 to 13 percent in the number of keystrokes needed to enter a text. These figures are very encouraging even though the implementation can be optimized in several ways. The HMS text entry method can easily be transferred to other languages.
Optimal Power Allocation for Cooperative Networks

In cellular network, the deployment of the relay station can bring spatial diversity to increase link capacity and improve communication performance. In this paper, we consider an optimal power allocation scheme for the source and the relay to minimize the bit error rate(BER) at the destination under the power and outage constraint in cooperative relay system. Simulation results show that the BER performance can achieve a significant gain by the proposed power allocation scheme. With different relay strategies such as AF and DF, different transmit power are allocated for the source and the relay to achieve the required BER performance in the downlink cooperation.
“Network-theoretic” queuing delay estimation in theme park attractions

Queuing is a common phenomenon in theme parks which negatively affects visitor experience and revenue yields. There is thus a need for park operators to infer the real queuing delays without expensive investment in human effort or complex tracking infrastructure. In this paper, we depart from the classical queuing theory approach and provide a data-driven and online approach for estimating the time-varying queuing delays experienced at different attractions in a theme park. This work is novel in that it relies purely on empirical observations of the entry time of individual visitors at different attractions, and also accommodates the reality that visitors often perform other unobserved activities between moving from one attraction to the next. We solve the resulting inverse estimation problem via a modified Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. Experiments on data obtained from, and modeled after, a real theme park setting show that our approach converges to a fixed-point solution quite rapidly, and is fairly accurate in identifying the per-attraction mean queuing delay, with estimation errors of 7-8% for congested attractions.
ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF TONAL EMISSION FROM HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINES

It has been discussed whether tonal noise emitted from overhead high voltage transmission lines during and after precipitation originates from corona discharges and ion clouds or from oscillating drops acting as acoustical membranes. Here, new insights are added, both theoretically and experimentally, which support a discharge mechanism. Tonal noise is emitted not only from wetted conductors with drops deformed by the electric field, but from conductors with rigid protrusions, too. The role of periodically deformed drops for the origin of tonal noise is reduced to providing sources of charge injection. Relatively symmetrical discharge currents feed ion clouds that surround the conductor and induce density fluctuations through thermal expansion by energy transfer by collisions. For such processes sound pressure levels of tonal noise have been calculated on the basis of a physical model. Calculations and experimental results are in fairly good agreement.
DETERMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL STRENGTH IMBALANCE OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES

The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether a significant strength imbalance existed between the left and right or dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) legs and (b) to investigate possible correlations among various unilateral and bilateral closed kinetic chain tests, including a field test, and traditional isokinetic dynamometry used to determine strength imbalance. Fourteen Division I collegiate women softball players (20.2 ± 1.4 years) volunteered to undergo measures of average peak torque for isokinetic flexion and extension at 60°·s−1 and 240°·s−1; in addition, measures of peak and average force of each leg during parallel back squat, 2-legged vertical jump, and single-leg vertical jump and performance in a 5-hop test were examined. Significant differences of between 4.2% and 16.0% were evident for all measures except for average force during single-leg vertical jump between the D and ND limbs, thus revealing a significant strength imbalance. The 5-hop test revealed a significant difference between D and ND limbs and showed a moderate correlation with more sophisticated laboratory tests, suggesting a potential use as a field test for the identification of strength imbalance. The results of this study indicate that a significant strength imbalance can exist even in collegiate level athletes, and future research should be conducted to determine how detrimental these imbalances could be in terms of peak performance for athletes, as well as the implications for injury risk.
Relational Maintenance Strategies During the Post Sex Time Interval

The present study contributes to a growing line of research exploring the role of post sex communication in building and sustaining romantic relationships. More specifically, this study explores the use of relational maintenance strategies during the post sex time interval (PSTI). One-hundred and fifty-two individuals completed surveys after sexual activity and indicated the relational maintenance strategies they enacted during the PSTI. Results revealed that individuals enact the strategies of positivity and assurances to the greatest degree during the PSTI. Furthermore, extending the post sex disclosures model, results revealed that orgasm predicted differences in the use of assurances during the PSTI and that the strategy of assurances mediated the association between orgasm and several relationship outcomes (i.e., liking, commitment, control mutuality, and satisfaction). These findings suggest that individuals may use the PSTI as a time to reinforce their commitments to their partners, and that such behavior is associated with characteristics of the sexual episode and relationship outcomes. The implications of these findings for research on relational maintenance and post sex behavior are discussed.
A Survey of Stochastic and Gazetteer Based Approaches for Named Entity Recognition

The task of identifying proper names of people, organizations, locations, or other entities is a subtask of information extraction from natural language documents. This paper presents a survey of techniques and methodologies that are currently being explored to solve this difficult subtask. After a brief review of the difficulties and challenges of the task, as well as a look at previous conventional approaches, the focus will shift to a comparison of stochastic and gazetteer based approaches. Several machine-learning approaches are identified and explored, as well as a discussion of knowledge acquisition relevant to recognition. This paper will show that applications that require named entity recognition will be served best by some combination of knowledgebased and non-deterministic approaches.
Assessing coupling dynamics from an ensemble of time series

Finding interdependency relations between (possibly multivariate) time series provides valuable knowledge about the processes that generate the signals. Information theory sets a natural framework for non-parametric measures of several classes of statistical dependencies. However, a reliable estimation from information-theoretic functionals is hampered when the dependency to be assessed is brief or evolves in time. Here, we show that these limitations can be overcome when we have access to an ensemble of independent repetitions of the time series. In particular, we gear a data-efficient estimator of probability densities to make use of the full structure of trial-based measures. By doing so, we can obtain time-resolved estimates for a family of entropy combinations (including mutual information, transfer entropy, and their conditional counterparts) which are more accurate than the simple average of individual estimates over trials. We show with simulated and real data that the proposed approach allows to recover the time-resolved dynamics of the coupling between different subsystems.
Toward a Framework of Leader Character in Organizations

While the construct of character is well grounded in philosophy, ethics, and more recently psychology, it lags in acceptance and legitimacy within management research and mainstream practice. Our research seeks to remedy this through four contributions. First, we offer a framework of leader character that provides rigor through a three‐phase, multi‐method approach involving 1817 leaders, and relevance by using an engaged scholarship epistemology to validate the framework with practicing leaders. This framework highlights the theoretical underpinnings of the leader character model and articulates the character dimensions and elements that operate in concert to promote effective leadership. Second, we bring leader character into mainstream management research, extending the traditional competency and interpersonal focus on leadership to embrace the foundational component of leader character. In doing this, we articulate how leader character complements and strengthens several existing theories of leadership. Third, we extend the virtues‐based approach to ethical decision making to the broader domain of judgement and decision making in support of pursuing individual and organization effectiveness. Finally, we offer promising directions for future research on leader character that will also serve the larger domain of leadership research.
Choice complexity in a Stated Choice Experiment: valuing environmental resources in Chile

The psychological literature has emphasized that choice complexity and other contextual factors affect how people make decisions. However, empirical economic choice models generally do not consider the complexity of different scenarios when estimating preferences from contingent valuation or stated choice models. Recently Swait and Adamowicz (2001b) propose and estimate a conditional logit model that takes into account choice complexity in making inferences from individual data. Choice complexity is modeled as an entropy index that measures how close choice alternatives are in preference space. This definition implies that choice complexity is a function of the same parameters as the utility function and they must be estimated simultaneously. We apply this framework to a stated choice experiment conducted in Chile to value the environmental impacts caused by hydroelectric projects, namely, the destruction of native forests and the relocation of indigenous communities. The survey contains close to 3.000 observations, which makes it an ideal data set to apply the estimation strategy proposed by Swait and Adamowicz (2001b). The results of this paper show that taking into account choice complexity in the modelling of individual decisionmaking increases the average valuation of the environmental resources under study. This evidence implies that valuation studies based on choice surveys that do not take into account choice complexity may lead to biased results.
A Comparison Study between Simulation and Experimental Results for MANETs

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile terminals that are able to dynamically form a temporary network without any aid from fixed infrastructure or centralized administration. In recent years, MANETs are continuing to attract the attention for their potential use in several fields such as military activities, rescue operations and time-critical applications. In this paper, we present the implementation and analysis of our implemented MANET testbed and simulation system considering Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocols for wireless multi-hop networking. We investigate the effect of mobility and topology changing in MANET. We evaluate and compare the performance by simulations (using ns-2 simulator) and experiments. In this work, we consider two models: stationary and mobility models. We assess the performance of our testbed and simulation in terms of throughput, number of received packets and hop distance. From the results, we found that the AODV protocol has a good performance when the relay node is moving. Also, the AODV protocol provides a flexible and effective routing for indoor environment.
IL28B SNP rs12979860 is the Critical Predictor for Sustained Viral Response in Chinese Children Aged 1 to 6 Years with Chronic Hepatitis C

Clinical data on children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) remain extremely limited. This study investigated sustained virologic response (SVR) to alfa-interferon 2b plus RBV treatment in children aged 1-6 years with unsafe injection-acquired CHC. 154 children with CHC aged 1 to 6 years were enrolled, 101 of them were male (65.6%) and 53 were female (34.4%), and they were treated with alfa-interferon at a dose of 1-5 MIU/m2 3 times weekly plus oral RBV (15 mg/kg/day) for 48 weeks. 57(39.3 %) of them were genotype 1b, 73(50.3%) were genotypes 2a, 15(10.3%) were undecided type. SVR was achieved in 53 of 57(93.0%) patients with genotype 1b, in 72 (98.6%) of 73 with genotype 2a, 15(100.0%) of 15 with undecided type. There was no significant statistical difference in SVR between male and female (98.0% vs 94.3%, p=0.340), genotype 2a and those with genotype 1b(98.6% vs 93.0%, p=0.160), ALT>40U/L group and ALT≤40U/L group(96.7% vs 96.8%, p=1.000), AST>40U/L group and AST≤40U/L group(95.9% vs 98.2%, p=0.654) as well as lower baseline viral load group (<6×105 IU/ml) and higher baseline viral load group(≥6×105 IU/ml)(97.3% vs 95.3%, p=0.916). Leucopenia, neutropenia, hemoglobin concentration decrease, fever, platelet count decrease and rash were 8.4%, 69.5%, 24.0%, 50.6%, 1.9% and 4.5%, respectively. And only 12(7.8%) individuals developed thyroid autoantibodies. The SVR was higher in patients with IL-28B genotype C/C than C/T (99.0% vs 80%, p=0.002). Compared with HCV viral genotype, ALT level and baseline viral load, IL-28B rs12979860 is more suitable for predicting antiviral efficacy in children with CHC. It is inappropriate to take the increase of ALT level as an essential indicator for antiviral treatment in children aged 1-6 years.
Upper Bound on the Ergodic Rate Density of ALOHA Wireless Ad-Hoc Networks

We present a novel upper bound on the Ergodic Rate Density (ERD) of ALOHA wireless ad-hoc networks. Our analysis uses a proper model of the physical layer together with an abstraction of higher communication layers. The novel bound is very general and supports various system models including for example, beamforming, spatial multiplexing, different fading models and different power control schemes. We also derive a closed form expression for the maximal gap between the novel bound and a known lower bound on the ERD. This maximal gap holds for any network that operates below the optimal density. This expression is simple to evaluate and only depends on the path loss factor. For example, for a path loss factor of α = 3 the novel upper bound is proved to be at most 31% higher than the lower bound (and hence also from the actual ERD). The usefulness and the generality of the novel bound is demonstrated by applications in multiple-antenna schemes. In particular, we study the optimization of the number of transmitted spatial streams in a MIMO network and derive the scaling of the ERD as the number of antennas grows. The results are further demonstrated using extensive simulations.
Proteins in the Cocoon of Silkworm Inhibit the Growth of Beauveria bassiana

Silk cocoons are composed of fiber proteins (fibroins) and adhesive glue proteins (sericins), which provide a physical barrier to protect the inside pupa. Moreover, other proteins were identified in the cocoon silk, many of which are immune related proteins. In this study, we extracted proteins from the silkworm cocoon by Tris-HCl buffer (pH7.5), and found that they had a strong inhibitory activity against fungal proteases and they had higher abundance in the outer cocoon layers than in the inner cocoon layers. Moreover, we found that extracted cocoon proteins can inhibit the germination of Beauveria bassiana spores. Consistent with the distribution of protease inhibitors, we found that proteins from the outer cocoon layers showed better inhibitory effects against B. bassiana spores than proteins from the inner layers. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to reveal the extracted components in the scaffold silk, the outermost cocoon layer. A total of 129 proteins were identified, 30 of which were annotated as protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors accounted for 89.1% in abundance among extracted proteins. These protease inhibitors have many intramolecular disulfide bonds to maintain their stable structure, and remained active after being boiled. This study added a new understanding to the antimicrobial function of the cocoon.
Improving Query Answering over DL-Lite Ontologies

The DL-Lite family of Description Logics has been designed with the specific goal of allowing for answering complex queries (in particular, conjunctive queries) over ontologies with very large instance sets (ABoxes). So far, in DL-Lite systems, this goal has been actually achieved only for relatively simple (short) conjunctive queries. In this paper we present Presto, a new query answering technique for DL-Lite ontologies, and an experimental comparison of Presto with the main previous approaches to query answering in DL-Lite. In practice, our experiments show that, in real ontologies, current techniques are only able to answer conjunctive queries of less than 7-10 atoms (depending on the complexity of the TBox), while Presto is actually able to handle conjunctive queries of up to 30 atoms. Furthermore, in the cases that are already successfully handled by previous approaches, Presto is significantly more efficient.
On-Line Graphics Recognition : A Brief Survey

A brief survey on on-line graphics recognition is presented. We first present some common scenarios and applications of on-line graphics recognition and then identify major problems and sub-problems at three levels: primitive shape recognition, composite graphic object recognition, and document recognition and understanding. Representative approaches to these problems are also presented. We also list several open problems at the end.
The Forecast of Price Index Based on Wavelet Neural Network

Financial time series are non-stationary, nonlinear, and stochastic, which makes prediction for them rather difficult. This article uses one method based on the wavelet analysis and the artificial intelligence to predict the A300 index in China and NASDAQ index in the USA. Comparing with wavelet-ARIMA model and simple BP neural network, our model(wavelet combined neural network) demonstrates superiority in predicting power. The results of different prediction lengths indicate that these methods are only suitable for short-term forecasts, their prediction for long-term is bad. The difference of forecasting between A300 and NASDAQ indicates that Chinese stock market is less efficient than that in the USA, the later may be weak efficiency.