Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CosyVerif: An Open Source Extensible Verification Environment

CosyVerif aims at gathering within a common framework various existing tools for specification and verification. It has been designed in order to 1) support different formalisms with the ability to easily create new ones, 2) provide a graphical user interface for every formalism, 3) include verification tools called via the graphical interface or via an API as a Web service, and 4) offer the possibility for a developer to integrate his/her own tool without much effort, also allowing it to interact with the other tools. Several tools have already been integrated for the formal verification of (extensions of) Petri nets and timed automata.
Tasks Security Scheduling Based on DPSO in Heterogeneous Grid Environment

For the task scheduling problem in the heterogeneous grid environment, a security benefit function is constructed by considering the task scheduling demand for confidentiality, integrity and authenticity. Then, according to the history behavior of grid resource nodes, node’s credibility dynamic evaluation method is proposed by using the weighted function. Based on these, a new grid task security scheduling mode is built. In order to solve this model, a new discrete particle evolution equation is designed. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the discrete particle swarm optimization(DPSO) algorithm falling into local optimization, a uniform speed of disturbance is adopted. Through the use of probability theory, the convergence of this algorithm is proved. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good optimization performance and convergence property.
A probabilitistic testability measure for delay faults

This paper firstly studies gate delay fault dominance relationships for the nonrobust and robust testings and presents fault collapsing procedures. A testability measure, based on a probability model, for the delay faults both for the nonrobust and the robust testings are proposed for combinational circuits and for sequential circuits. A program has been implemented based on the measure and applied to ISCAS benchmark circuits to estimate the fault coverages. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results obtained through fault simulation. fault for both the nonrobust and the robust testings, based on a probabilistic model. The measure can be applied to both combinational and sequential circuits. Compared to (3), the concept and computations are much more simple. A program is implemented based on proposed measure and applied to combinational and sequential ISCAS benchmark circuits (11.12) to identify the hard-to-test faults and to estimate the fault coverages. The results are compared with the seperately obtained experimental results, which are simulated by a fault simulator, and good agreements have been obtained. Besides, this paper also firstly studies the fault dominance relationships of delay faults for both nonrobust and robust testings. Fault collapsing procedures are proposed to collapse faults.
Adding D7‐branes to the Polchinski‐Strassler gravity background

We motivate and summarize our analysis of hep‐th/0610276 in which we consider D7‐brane probe embeddings in the Polchinski‐Strassler background with 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetry. The corresponding dual gauge theory is given by the 𝒩 = 2* theory with fundamental matter. Based on a talk given by C. Sieg at the RTN Workshop 2006, Napoli.
Measuring aggressive driving motivations: Instrument development and validation

There are a variety of different motivations that may provoke aggressive driving in individuals. Research on aggressive driving has mostly overlooked addressing these various motivations, however it can be argued that the best way to reduce aggressive driving is to understand the root causes of the behavior. These causes can be explained by individual differences in personality, specifically the characteristics of narcissistic and rigid personalities. These two types of personalities both become angry in the driving context, although they may be provoked for different reasons. To reduce aggressive driving researchers may design persuasive appeals that match these motivations. The purpose of the present research was to design an instrument that clearly measures these motives and to validate the instrument by comparing responses on the instrument to related and unrelated constructs. The Aggressive Driving Motivations Questionnaire scores evidenced good reliability, and satisfactory content and construct validity. After the instrument was validated, it was used to compare anger responses to both participant-generated and researcher-presented driving scenarios. Although both the rigid and narcissism subscales predicted higher anger responses, only the narcissism subscale successfully predicted past aggressive driving behavior. Further research using this validated narcissism sub-scale will hopefully be able to develop persuasive appeals that influence the anger and behavioral response of this type of aggressive driver.
PAYMENT MINIMIZATION IN A COMBINED MARKET OF ENERGY AND RESERVE CONSIDERING UNCERTAIN GENERATION AVAILABILITY

The short-term impact of the uncertain availability supply of generation units on expected prices and load payments of services is analyzed through a multi-period stochastic combined market model of energy and reserve services operating under Stochastic Payment Minimization (SPM). The model is formulated through a bi-level mixed linear model which uses a hybrid stochastic strategy with possible scenarios and Monte Carlo Simulation. Expected financial indexes and allocations produced by the SPM model are compared with similar ones produced by the usual stochastic Bid Cost Minimization (SBCM) model considering several reliability policies. Results with several power systems show expected payments as a function of security levels considering several scenarios of units’ failures. IndexTerms—Ancillary reserve services, Bi-level mixed linear optimization, Scenario operation, Combined pool market, Stochastic programming, Monte Carlo simulation.
Genetic and Metabolite Diversity of Sardinian Populations of Helichrysum italicum

Background Helichrysum italicum (Asteraceae) is a small shrub endemic to the Mediterranean Basin, growing in fragmented and diverse habitats. The species has attracted attention due to its secondary metabolite content, but little effort has as yet been dedicated to assessing the genetic and metabolite diversity present in these populations. Here, we describe the diversity of 50 H. italicum populations collected from a range of habitats in Sardinia. Methods H. italicum plants were AFLP fingerprinted and the composition of their leaf essential oil characterized by GC-MS. The relationships between the genetic structure of the populations, soil, habitat and climatic variables and the essential oil chemotypes present were evaluated using Bayesian clustering, contingency analyses and AMOVA. Key results The Sardinian germplasm could be partitioned into two AFLP-based clades. Populations collected from the southwestern region constituted a homogeneous group which remained virtually intact even at high levels of K. The second, much larger clade was more diverse. A positive correlation between genetic diversity and elevation suggested the action of natural purifying selection. Four main classes of compounds were identified among the essential oils, namely monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Oxygenated monoterpene levels were significantly correlated with the AFLP-based clade structure, suggesting a correspondence between gene pool and chemical diversity. Conclusions The results suggest an association between chemotype, genetic diversity and collection location which is relevant for the planning of future collections aimed at identifying valuable sources of essential oil.
Use of Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar to Verify Split-Beam Estimates of Salmon Flux and to Examine Fish Behaviour in the Fraser River Yunbo

V INTRODUCTION . 1 MAIN FEATURES OF THE STUDY SITE . 3 THE SPLIT-BEAM FISH-FLUX ESTIMATOR.6 Sampling Configurations . 6 Fish-flux Estimation Model . 7 KEY FEATURES OF DIDSON SONAR . 11 DIDSON ASSESSMENT OF FISH-FLUX ESTIMATION IN THE SPLIT-BEAM SAMPLING ZONES . 15 Method . 15 Results.17 DIDSON ASSESSMENT OF FISH-FLUX ESTIMATION IN THE SPLIT-BEAM BLIND ZONES . 24 Method . 25 Results.25 DIDSON OBSERVATIONS OF DEBRIS AND FISH OFF THE RIGHT BANK.28 Debris off the right-bank.28 Fish targets and their behaviour near the right-bank.32 Fish behaviour in the middle channel of the river . 36 DIDSON OBSERVATIONS OF FISH REACTIONS TO THE MOBILE SOUNDING VESSEL.38 Method . 38 Results.40 ASSESSMENTS OF DIDSON APPLICATIONS TO AN UPSTREAM SITE AT BOSTON BAR . 44 Site features.44 Method . 46 Results.47 Logistical recommendations . 50 CONCLUSIONS.51 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.53 REFERENCES . 54 APPENDIX 1: DERIVATION OF FLUX ESTIMATION MODEL FOR THE MOBILE SPLIT-BEAM DATA.56
The Tactile Graphics Helper: Providing Audio Clarification for Tactile Graphics Using Machine Vision

Tactile graphics use raised lines, textures, and elevations to provide individuals with visual impairments access to graphical materials through touch. Tactile graphics are particularly important for students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, where educational content is often conveyed using diagrams and charts. However, providing a student who has a visual impairment with a tactile graphic does not automatically provide the student access to the graphic's educational content. Instead, the student may struggle to decipher subtle differences between textures or line styles, and must deal with cramped and confusing placement of lines and braille. These format-related issues prevent students with visual impairments from accessing educational content in graphics independently, because they necessitate the students ask for sighted clarification. We propose a machine-vision based "tactile graphics helper" (TGH), which tracks a student's fingers as he/she explores a tactile graphic, and allows the student to gain clarifying audio information about the tactile graphic without sighted assistance. Using an embedded mixed-methods case study with three STEM university students with visual impairments, we confirmed that format-related issues prevent these students from accessing some graphical content independently, and established that TGH provides a promising approach for overcoming tactile-graphic format issues.
Search for 2 nd-Generation Leptoquarks in pp̄ Collisions at �

This document describes the status of the search for 2nd-Generation Leptoquarks in pp̄ collisions at DØ with data taken during Run-II at a center-of-mass energy of s 1 96 TeV. The predictions of the standard model and scalar leptoquark production are compared to the data for various kinematic distributions. Since no excess of data over the standard model prediction has been observed a lower limit on the lepto-quark mass of MLQ2 157GeV has been calculated, assuming 100% branching fraction to charged leptons, β BF LQ2 μ j 1.
Usage of QR codes in web based system for the electronic market research

This paper describes the usage of QR codes in a web based system that was developed for the needs of promotion and electronic market research. QR codes can be used in several ways and they provide an opportunity to make various researches that emphasize people's reactions or people's answers. The greatest dilemma is how to present QR codes in order to attract the users' attention. For the needs of this research, a pilot version of the web based multiplatform application was made to detect users of mobile devices and collect data from their scans. This paper describes the functionality of the system and the results of the research. Based on the results of the initial research guidelines for the second version of the web based system are defined and the new target population is chosen.
Prevalence of resistance to nevirapine in mothers and children after single-dose exposure to prevent vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND Single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is the main option for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV-1 in countries with limited resources. However, the use of single-dose NVP results in HIV-1 viral resistance which could compromise the success of subsequent treatment of mother and child with antiretroviral combinations that include non-nucleosidic-reverse-transcriptase inhibitors. This systematic review and meta-analysis of summarized data aimed to estimate the proportion of mothers and children with NVP resistance mutations detected in plasma samples 4-8 weeks postpartum after single-dose NVP use for PMTCT. METHODS Systematic search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PASCAL) and conference proceedings (1997 to February 2006). Inclusion of all studies, without design, place or language restrictions, meeting the following criteria: use of single-dose NVP; viral genotyping performed with standard sequence analyses, between 4 and 8 weeks postpartum, in plasma samples; available public report; report of mothers' median baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels. Data extraction by two independent reviewers using a standardized form created for this purpose. Logistic random effect models to obtain pooled estimates. Univariable and multivariable meta-regression to explore sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS The pooled estimate of NVP resistance prevalence was 35.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.0-50.6] in women in 10 study arms using single-dose NVP +/- other antepartum antiretrovirals and 4.5% (CI 2.1-9.4) in three study arms providing also postpartum antiretrovirals (adjusted odds ratio 0.08; CI 0.04-0.16). The corresponding estimates in children were 52.6% (CI 37.7-67.0) in seven study arms using single-dose NVP only and 16.5% (CI 8.9-28.3) in eight study arms combining single-dose NVP with other antiretrovirals. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose NVP is widely used for PMTCT in resource-poor settings, but the burden of viral resistance is high in both women and children. It is substantially lower in studies providing additional postpartum antiretrovirals. The clinical implications of these findings should be further investigated.
An Artificial Animated

A tempting goal of artificial life is to model independently acting human characters that appear to behave realistically to a viewer. By modeling artificial human characters engaged in one activity, such as boxing, we may gain insights into the larger problem of creating convincing humans. In the case of boxing, we are specifically concerned with reactive motion. A boxer must react quickly to incoming punches from an opponent, while attempting to catch the opponent off guard with a well placed attack. In order to make the reactive boxer interactive for a human user, we would like the system to run in real time. There are strategies to boxing that should be kept in mind when designing a system to animate synthetic boxers. A right handed boxer will typically approach an opponent with his left side facing forward. This makes it easier to protect himself and gives his left hand the shortest distance to travel to the opponent. There are four punches used in boxing: the jab, cross (straight right), hook, and uppercut. The jab is thrown with the left arm, being used as a defensive tool or to get the opponent off guard to set up a more powerful punch. The other three punches are thrown with the right arm. The cross is the most simple of these, while the hook requires twisting and arching of the body. This makes the hook more difficult to execute and leaves the body partially open to attack. Similarly, an uppercut comes from below, but is a risky punch to throw. The cross and uppercut both have the advantage of being powerful and difficult to see since they don’t come in the line of the opponent’s vision. Feints are faked punches used to make it difficult for an opponent to read a boxer’s body language and are also an important part of a boxer’s repertoire. A boxer might have a defensive style, making him known as a grinder, or an offensive style, a puncher. A good defense will make use of blocks, dodges, feints, and jabs to wear down an opponent. With basic boxing strategy in mind, a behavioral system to make use of it may be designed.
Game theoretical approach of user behavior based on personal opinion in Online Video Social Networks

In the last decade, the web has known a major evolution with the appearance of web 2.0 and its applications. One of those popular tools is the Online Video Social Networks (OVSN). Video content is becoming a predominant part of the daily life of users on the Web. Henceforth the study and modeling this kind of platforms, emerge as necessity. In this paper, we study the interaction of user community with videos shared and viewed in online video social networks. The concept of freedom giving to users in these platforms allows them to express their opinion toward those videos. Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of interaction in OVSN, we developed a personal opinion model for online users in this case. To deal with this problem we constructed a Petri Net model and we use it to derive a payoff function, these bring us to the Game theory field.Although our model is inspired from earlier studies, at the heart of our whole approach is abstracting the complex mechanism of interactions by the solution concept of Nash equilibrium, which allowed us to deal with richer problem instances. We conclude this paper by outlining several interesting lines of future work.
Desktop History: Time-based Interaction Summaries to Restore Context and Improve Data Access

The Desktop History Tool presents users with a summary of the data they worked with throughout past days and weeks. The user’s own interaction history provides an invaluable self-organizing structure for the desktop interface. A user study was conducted to assess whether users could better discover and reconstruct important contexts by browsing and searching with desktop history, compared to the methods they typically used. We found that the history tool enabled users to discover a greater amount of important data and discover related data, allowing them to develop more thorough recreations of previous workspaces. We conclude that a time-based presentation of a user’s interaction history is a useful tool for supporting richer context-aware interfaces.
Elimination Of Harmonics In A Multilevel Inverter With Unequal Dc Sources Using Bee Algorithm

This work approximates the selective harmonic elimination problem using Bee algorithm to generate the switching angles in a 7-level cascade multilevel inverter. This paper focuses on elimination of harmonics in a multilevel voltage-source inverter with unequal (asymmetric) DC sources. This new topology has the advantage of its reduced number of switches compared to conventional cascaded Hbridge multilevel inverter, and can be extended to any number of levels. Such that the switching losses and switch stress are reduced comparatively. The angles were chosen such that the fundamental was kept constant and the low order harmonics were minimized or eliminated. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm is one of the most recently introduced swarm-based algorithms. ABC simulates the intelligent foraging behavior of a honeybee swarm. The main objective of harmonic elimination is to reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage waveform. The basic concept of this reduction is to eliminate specific harmonics, which are generally the lowest orders, with an appropriate choice of switching angles. Bee algorithm is used to solve the transcendental equations for finding the switching angles. This algorithm can be used for any number of voltage levels without complex analytical calculations. Simulation results for 7-level inverter verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm
A Survey of Attack-Resistant Collaborative Filtering Algorithms

With the increasing popularity of recommender systems in commercial services, the quality of recommendations has increasingly become an important to study, much like the quality of search results from search engines. While some users faithfully express their true opinion, many provide noisy or incorrect ratings which can be detrimental to the quality of the generated recommendations. The presence of noise can violate modeling assumptions and may thus result in unstable estimates or predictions. Even worse, malicious users can deliberately insert attack profiles in an attempt to bias the recommender system to their benefit. This is a particularly important issue, and it is necessary for systems to provide guarantees on the robustness of recommendations to ensure continued user trust. While previous research has attempted to study the robustness of various existing Collaborative Filtering (CF) approaches, the explicit design of robust recommender systems remains a challenging problem. Approaches such as Intelligent Neighborhood Selection, Association Rules and Robust Matrix Factorization are generally known to produce unsatisfactory results. In this paper, we review previous approaches to robust collaborative filtering; we also describe promising recent approaches that exploit a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and are both accurate as well as highly stable to shilling.
A CAD System for Lung Nodule Detection based on an Anatomical Model and a Fuzzy Neural Network

An automated system was developed for lung nodule detection in lung low-dose computer tomography (CT) scans. The system exploits a thorax anatomical model in order to distinguish the 3D anatomical structures corresponding, in the order, to the chest wall, the trachea and the two lung lobes. Each anatomical structure is described in terms of characteristics like volume, X-ray attenuation, and position with respect to structures already recognised. Once the two pulmonary parenchymas have been isolated from the rest of the chest, nodules are looked for inside them. More precisely, the robust fuzzy c-means algorithm is applied to classify the lung area into two clusters: the former includes nodules and blood vessels, the latter consists of air. 3D regions of interest (ROIs) are then identified in the former cluster and features are extracted from the ROIs for fuzzy neural network-based recognition of nodules from vessels. Experiments on 20 clinical cases (including about 7,000 overall images) showed 100% and nearly 82% correct recognition rate for nodules (0.5-3 cm) and micro-nodules (3-5 mm), respectively, and an average of 1.4 false positives for image
Astronomical data processing in EXTASCID

Scientific data have dual structure. Raw data are preponderantly ordered multi-dimensional arrays or sequences while metadata and derived data are best represented as unordered relations. Scientific data processing requires complex operations over arrays and relations. These operations cannot be expressed using only standard linear and relational algebra operators, respectively. Existing scientific data processing systems are designed for a single data model and handle complex processing at the application level. EXTASCID is a complete and extensible system for scientific data processing. It supports both array and relational data natively. Complex processing is handled by a metaoperator that can execute any user code. As a result, EXTASCID can process full scientific workflows inside the system, with minimal data movement and application code. We illustrate the overall process on a real dataset and workflow from astronomy---starting with a set of sky images, the goal is to identify and classify transient astrophysical objects.