Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Carbon-Bound Electron Composition of Microbial Cells and Metabolites by Dichromate Oxidation

The applicability of the silver sulfate-acid dichromate oxidation (chemical oxygen demand) method for determining the carbon-bound electron compositions of microbial cells, substrates, and metabolic by-products was evaluated. An approach for approximating the carbon-bound electron composition of microbial cells from CHN data is also presented. Ten aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, 17 amino acids, and 8 sugars generally gave 96 to 101% (mainly ≥98%) recovery with 0.0625 N dichromate (digestion mixture of 10 ml of sample-10 ml of 0.25 N dichromate-20 ml of Ag2SO4-amended concentrated H2SO4). Recoveries of nicotinic acid (5%) and methionine (65%) were incomplete; arginine (125%) and two purine and three pyrimidine bases (105 to 120%) were overestimated. The validity of 0.0625 N dichromate for determining the carbon-bound electron composition of bacterial cells was supported by theoretical analysis of the carbon-bound electron composition of hypothetical bacterial cell material (defined monomer composition) and by the compatibility of elemental and dichromate oxidation-derived carbon-bound electron compositions of typical bacterial cells.
Outlier Detection Approach Survey for Imperfect Data Labels

- The task of outlier detection is to identify data objects that are markedly different from or inconsistent with the normal set of data. However, in addition to normal data, there also exist limited negative examples or outliers in many applications, and data may be corrupted such that the outlier detection data is imperfectly labeled. These make outlier detection far more difficult than the traditional ones. Outlier detection approach to address data with imperfect labels and incorporate limited abnormal examples into learning. To deal with data with imperfect labels, use likelihood values for each input data which denote the degree of membership. Mainly approach works in two steps. In the first step, generate a pseudo training dataset by computing likelihood values of each example based on its local behavior. Kernel k -means clustering method and kernel LOF-based method to compute the likelihood values. In the second step, incorporate the generated likelihood values and limited abnormal examples into SVDD-based learning framework to build a more accurate classifier for global outlier detection. By integrating local and global outlier detection, the method explicitly handles data with imperfect labels and enhances the performance of outlier detection.
The Valuation of Moral Rights: A Field Experiment

U.S. intellectual property law is firmly rooted in utilitarian principles. Copyright law is viewed as a means to give proper monetary incentives to authors for their creative effort. Many European copyright systems pursue additional goals: Authors have the right to be named as author, to control alterations and to retract their work in case their artistic beliefs have changed. Protecting these “moral rights” might be justified by the preferences of typical authors. We present the first field experiment on moral rights revealing the true valuation of these rights by over 200 authors from 24 countries. A majority of authors are not willing to trade moral rights in the first place. They demand substantial prices in case they decide to trade. The differences between authors from the U.S. and Europe are small. These results call into question whether moral rights protection should differ across the Atlantic and whether a purely profit-based theory of copyright law is sufficient to capture the complex relationship between human behavior and creativity.
Managers’ motives for investing in HR practices and their implications for public service motivation: a theoretical perspective

Purpose - This paper seeks to explain how approaches to human resource management (HRM) may contribute to the development of public service motivation (PSM). Three different approaches to managing people are outlined, namely the ‘high performance’, ‘high commitment’ and ‘high involvement’. Relevant theories are then used to predict the outcomes and relevance of the different approaches when promoting PSM in public sector organisations. Design/methodology/approach - This is a theoretical paper. Findings - This paper provides the first theoretical explanations for the relationships between HR practices and PSM in public sector organisations. Originality/value - This paper explains how the same HR practices may have different employee outcomes depending on managers’ motivations for implementing them.
Calcium binding capacity of the cytosol and endoplasmic reticulum of mouse pancreatic acinar cells

1 The droplet technique was used in this study to measure total calcium loss from pancreatic acinar cells due to calcium extrusion. The calcium binding capacity of the cytosol (kc) was measured as the ratio of the decrease in the total calcium concentration of the cytosol of the cell (Δ[Ca]c) and the synchronously occurring decrease in the free calcium ion concentration in the cytosol (Δ[Ca2+]c). The calcium dependency of the calcium binding capacity was determined by plotting values of kc against the corresponding [Ca2+]c. The rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration of pancreatic acinar cells was triggered by stimulation with a supramaximal dose of cholecystokinin (CCK). The recovery of [Ca2+]c during continued exposure to the agonist was due to calcium extrusion from the cell. 2 The calcium binding capacity was about 1500‐2000 for the [Ca2+]c range 150‐500 nM. The mechanism of buffering was not investigated in this study. The calcium binding capacity of the cytosol did not vary significantly with [Ca2+]c in this range. The CCK‐evoked decrease in the total calcium concentration in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be estimated from our data, taking into account previously published values for the volume of the ER in pancreatic acinar cells. Comparing the decrease in the total ER calcium concentration with our recently reported values for agonist‐induced reductions in the free Ca2+ concentration inside the ER, we estimate that the calcium binding capacity of the ER is approximately 20. In pancreatic acinar cells we have therefore found a difference of two orders of magnitude in the efficiency of calcium buffering in the cytosol and the ER lumen.
Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and frailty status in older women.

CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency and frailty are common with aging, but the association between these conditions is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and prevalent and incident frailty status among older women. DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a prospective cohort study. SETTING Four U.S. centers. PARTICIPANTS 6307 women aged≥69 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Frailty status classified as robust, intermediate stage, or frail at baseline; and robust, intermediate stage, frail, or dead (all-cause mortality) at follow-up an average of 4.5 years later. RESULTS At baseline, there was a U-shaped association between 25(OH)D level and odds of frailty with the lowest risk among women with levels 20.0-29.9 ng/ml (referent group). Compared with this group, the odds of frailty were higher among those with levels<15.0 ng/ml [multivariable odds ratio (MOR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.82], those with levels 15.0-19.9 ng/ml (MOR 1.24, 95% CI 0.99-1.54), and those with levels≥30 ng/ml (MOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.63). Among 4551 nonfrail women at baseline, the odds of frailty/death (vs. robust/intermediate) at follow-up appeared higher among those with levels 15.0-19.9 ng/ml (MOR 1.21, 95% CI 0.99-1.49), but the CI overlapped 1.0. The odds of death (vs. robust/intermediate/frail at follow-up) was higher among those with levels<15.0 ng/ml (MOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.88) and those with levels 15.0-19.9 ng/ml (MOR 1.30, 95% CI 0.97-1.75), although the latter association did not quite reach significance. CONCLUSION Lower (<20 ng/ml) and higher (≥30 ng/ml) levels of 25(OH)D among older women were moderately associated with a higher odds of frailty at baseline. Among nonfrail women at baseline, lower levels (<20 ng/ml) were modestly associated with an increased risk of incident frailty or death at follow-up.
Audit Committee Accounting Expertise, Analyst Following, and Market Liquidity

We study the relation between audit committee accounting expertise, analyst following, and market liquidity. Our main results indicate that analyst following increases subsequent to the appointment of an accounting expert to the audit committee. We also provide evidence that accrual quality, as opposed to audit quality or management earnings forecasts, is the channel through which accounting expertise increases analyst following and improves analyst forecast properties. We also show that audit committee accounting expertise is related to higher trading volume and lower liquidity risk, supporting incentives for greater analyst following. Our study extends prior literature by providing evidence that audit committee accounting expertise enhances firms’ information environment beyond the effects it has on financial reporting quality or analysts’ forecast properties. Our study also complements the literature on determinants of analyst following and market liquidity, both of which are related to cost of capital. Results from our study should be useful to firms seeking to enhance analyst following and market liquidity.
An evaluation of college online alcohol-policy information: 2007 compared with 2002.

OBJECTIVE To receive federal funds, colleges and universities are required to provide information to students about their alcohol policies as part of their alcohol-abuse prevention efforts. This study investigated whether and how the availability and completeness of alcohol-policy information on college Web sites changed between 2002 and 2007. METHOD The Web sites of the top 52 national universities listed in the 2002 rankings of U.S. News and World Report, which were reviewed for alcohol-policy information in 2002, were reviewed again in 2007 using the same Web search methodology. RESULTS Much more information regarding college alcohol policies was available on the Web sites of the 52 universities in 2007 than in 2002. Substantial increases were seen in the areas of (1) rules, restrictions, requirements; and (2) consequences for infractions, especially for student groups. In addition, information on university Web sites regarding their alcohol policies was easier to access in 2007 than in 2002. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that colleges have made online alcohol-policy information more available and accessible to their students and other interested parties, including parents. This may reflect a greater engagement of colleges and universities in the issue of drinking on campus in general.
Multiple in vivo passages enhance the ability of a clinical Helicobacter pylori isolate to colonize the stomach of Mongolian gerbils and to induce gastritis

The Mongolian gerbil is an excellent animal model for Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in humans. In this study, initially low colonization rates of the H. pylori strains ATCC 43504, SS1, or HP87 inoculated into gerbils caused difficulties in establishing this model. In order to increase the colonization ability and pathogenicity, the clinical HP87 isolate was selected for adaptation to the gerbil stomach by multiple in vivo passages through gerbils. Development of gastritis was examined histologically at 4–52 weeks after infection. The proportion of gerbils which tested positive for H. pylori by culture at four weeks after inoculation gradually increased from 11.1% of gerbils inoculated with HP87 without prior in vivo passage (P0) to 100% of gerbils inoculated with HP87 with seven in vivo passages (P7). In addition, adaptation of HP87 resulted in more severe histopathological changes. Gerbils infected with adapted HP87 (P7) exhibited severe infiltration by monomorphonuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the mucosa, submucosa, and subserosa of the gastric antrum, as well as epithelial changes consisting of hyperplasia, erosion, and ulceration. Histopathological changes increased in severity from four to 52 weeks after infection. Adaptation of HP87 during its passages through gerbils could be due to genetic changes in bacterial colonization factors. Identification of these changes might be useful to understand the underlying mechanism of gastric adaptation and pathogenesis of H. pylori.
Quartz crystal microbalance‐based measurements of shear‐induced senescence in human embryonic kidney cells

Fluid shear and other mechanical forces play an important role in the normal biophysical, biochemical, and gene regulatory responses of vertebrate tissue that are reflected in the expression of normal cell differentiation, growth, and function. Despite some promising work reported on the application of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) to both prokaryote and eukaryote cells over the last decade, QCM has yet to be successfully applied to cells in culture under conditions of flow‐induced shear. In this study, high sensitivity QCM in conjunction with fluid modelling was used to monitor the onset of senescence in immortalised human embryonic kidney cells under laminar shear stresses of between 0.04 and 335 dyne/cm2. The feasibility of this approach as a means of quantification and characterisation of cell physiological response and adhesion are explored and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shaker‐type potassium channel subunits differentially control oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation

Oligodendrocyte precursor (OP) cells are exposed to multiple extrinsic signals that control their proliferation and differentiation. Previous cell proliferation studies and electrophysiological analysis in cultured cells and in brain slices have suggested that outward potassium channels, particularly Kv1 subunits, may have a prominent role in OP cell proliferation. In the present study, we assessed to what extent overexpression of Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, and Kv1.6 can affect OP cell proliferation and differentiation in culture. We observed that overexpression of Kv1.3 or Kv1.4 increased OP cell proliferation in the absence of mitogens, whereas Kv1.6 overexpression inhibited mitogen‐induced OP cell cycle progression. Interestingly, Kv1.3, Kv1.4, Kv1.5, and Kv1.6 overexpression did not interfere with the kinetics of oligodendrocyte differentiation. This study represents the first demonstration that the activity of potassium channels containing distinct Kv1 subunit proteins directly controls oligodendroglial proliferation in the presence of mitogens, as well as in growth factor‐free conditions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
[Effect of high-intensity interval training on the reduction of glycosylated hemoglobin in type-2 diabetic adult patients].

INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the major non-communicable chronic diseases in the world. Its prevalence in Chile is significant, and complications associated with this disease involve great costs, which is why prevention and treatment of this condition are essential. Physical exercise is an effective means for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The emergence of new forms of physical training, such as "high intensity interval training", presents novel therapeutic alternatives for patients and health care professionals. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and applicability of the results regarding the effectiveness of high intensity interval training in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and answer the following question: In subjects with type 2 diabetes, can the method of high intensity interval training compared to moderate intensity exercise decrease glycosylated hemoglobin? METHODS We performed a critical analysis of the article "Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of high intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes". RESULTS We found no significant differences in the amount of glycosylated hemoglobin between groups of high intensity interval training and moderate-intensity exercise upon completion of the study (p>0.05). CONCLUSION In adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, high intensity interval training does not significantly improve glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Despite this, the high intensity interval training method shows as much improvement in body composition and physical condition as the moderate intensity exercise program.
Un outil informatique de création d'images animées. Modèles d'objets, langage, contrôle gestuel en temps réel. Le système ANIMA. (A computer tool for animated image creation. Object models, language, real-time gestural control. The ANIMA system)

Les travaux qui font l’objet de cette these concernent l’utilisation de l’ordinateur comme outil de creation d’images animees. Pour cela, nous cherchons a identifier l’apport essentiel de l’informatique a la creation, comparativement aux technologies qui l’ont precedee, et nous tentons de definir un concept general d’outil de creation. Parallelement a l’analyse de pratiques traditionnelles de l’animation ainsi que des systemes actuels d’animation par ordinateur, nous developpons une analyse du processus de creation qui nous permet de definir les principales fonctions d’un outil informatique de creation d’images animees. Nous traitons des questions : 1/ du controle gestuel du mouvement en temps-reel ; 2/ de la definition du langage de construction d’objets qui peuvent supporter le mouvement, de la definition de modeles pour ces objets, de leur mise en algorithmes et de leur implementation ; 3/ de la definition de l’environnement interactif necessaire a la definition des situations de creation.
Testing the Performance of Graham’s Net Current Asset Value Strategy in Indian Stock Market

Using the data on stocks listed on Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for the period spanning from 1996 to 2010, the present study intends to examine the relevance of stock selection based on net current asset value rule of Benjamin Graham in Indian capital market. This valuation metric is aimed at buying the securities whose prices are lesser than the net current assets of the company. The returns derived from the stocks meeting the criterion are analysed using one sample t-test, capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The results revealed that the portfolio selected on the basis of this criterion provided significantly positive mean market adjusted returns in maximum number of years when the holding period of the portfolio is extended from 12 months to 24 months. The significant abnormal returns derived through CAPM model, however, cannot be considered conclusive due to lesser explanatory power of the model. Nevertheless, the portfolio showed lesser volatility than the market portfolio, thereby implying that the fund managers can also use it as an investment tool for risk management due to lesser risk and positive market adjusted returns.
Muscular Dystrophy in Dogs

Golden Retriever (GR) muscular dystrophy is an inherited degenerative muscle disease that provides an excellent model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy in humans. This study defined the histopathologic lesions, including the distribution of type I and II muscle fibers (FTI and FTII), in 12 dystrophic and 3 nondystrophic dogs between 7 and 15 months of age. The authors were interested in studying the influence on disease phenotype from crossing the base GR breed with Yellow Labrador Retrievers. The dystrophic dogs were divided according to breed: GRs and Golden Labrador Retrievers (GLRs). On hematoxylin and eosin staining, histopathologic lesions were more severe in GRs than GLRs. Six of eight GR muscles (75%) had a severe lesion grade (grade 3). In contrast, seven GLR muscles (87.5%) had mild lesions (grade 2), and only one had severe lesions (grade 3). Changes in fiber-type distribution were more pronounced in GRs versus GLRs. FTI:FTII ratio inversion was observed in three dystrophic GRs but only one GLR. The mean diameter of FTI and FTII was smaller in GRs and GLRs than in nondystrophic dogs (P < .01). The FTI of five GR muscles (62.5%) were larger than those of GLRs, whereas only one GLR muscle was larger (P < .05). The differential was less pronounced for FTII, with four GR muscles being larger and three GLR being larger. Observations indicate that crossing the base GR breed with Labrador Retrievers lessened the severity of the GR muscular dystrophy phenotype.
The effects of energy source and tryptophan on the rate of protein synthesis and on hormones of the entero-insular axis in the piglet

The present experiment was designed to study the influence of dietary energy source (fat or carbohydrate) and tryptophan (TRP) on protein synthesis and plasma insulin concentrations in the piglet. Six dietary regimens, based on either a high-fat (F) or a high-carbohydrate (C) diet with three levels of TRP (deficient, 1; adequate, 2; excess, 3), were used. Fractional protein synthesis rate (ks; % per d) was measured in the liver, Longissimus dorsi (LD), Semitendinosus (ST), skin, femur, brain, pancreas, stomach, mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum, and the whole body, using a‘flooding dose’of 3H-phenylalanine. Mean integrated insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucose concentrations were higher after the C diets compared with the F diets, TRP supplementation globally augmented ks linearly in the liver, ST, skin and whole body, while it had quadratic effects in the LD (ks highest in the TRP-adequate diet groups) and jejunal mucosa (ks lowest in the TRP-adequate diet groups). Pancreatic ks was increased by TRP addition up to a plateau. ks was highest after the F diets in the digestive tissues while in the skin and LD ks was highest after the C diets. Fasting concentrations of gluconeogenic amino acids were lower (and urea higher) with the F than the C diets, suggesting their use as precursors for glucose synthesis. In conclusion, we have confirmed the depressive effects of TRP deficiency on ks, RNA activity and growth. We could not establish a relationship between plasma insulin and muscle ks. This may be related to the way in which we manipulated plasma insulin concentrations.
Ginsenoside Rg3 micelles mitigate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and enhance its anticancer efficacy

Abstract Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of hematological and solid tumors, however, it causes dose-related cardiotoxicity that may lead to heart failure in patients. One of the major reasons was increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), was powerful free radical scavengers and possessed cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless, Rg3 has low aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability, limiting its effects. Herein, we encapsulated Rg3 through spontaneous self-assembly of Pluronic F127 to improve its solubility and oral bioavailability. Moreover, co-administering Rg3 in Pluronic F127 micelles with doxorubicin can mitigate the cardiotoxicity, with ameliorating mitochondrial and metabolic function, improving calcium handling, and decreasing ROS production. In addition, it can improve the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin. Therefore, our study provides a rational strategy for further developing a potentially viable adjunct-supportive treatment for reducing toxicity and increasing efficiency on chemotherapy.