Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Acculturation with English- and Spanish-Language Health Literacy Among Bilingual Latino Adults

Background: Low health literacy (HL) is associated with poor health status and outcomes. Racial/ethnic minorities in the United States disproportionately experience low HL and HL-related health disparities. Among Latinos, acculturation is associated with health outcomes, but little is known about the relationship between acculturation and HL. Objective: We examined associations of sociodemographic and acculturation variables with English- and Spanish-language HL among 142 bilingual Latino adults with adequate HL. Methods: HL was assessed in English using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and in Spanish with the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Spanish-speaking Adults (SAHLSA). Acculturation was assessed using the four subscales of the Multidimensional Acculturation Scale-II. Associations of sociodemographic data and acculturation with HL were examined using linear regression. Key Results: Higher education, higher income, higher English proficiency, and lower Latino cultural identification predicted REALM scores (ps <.05) in univariate models. When these variables were entered into a single model, only education and Latino cultural identification were associated with REALM scores. In univariate analyses, the following characteristics were associated with SAHLSA scores: female gender, being partnered, higher education, higher income, being non-US born, lower English proficiency, and higher Spanish proficiency (ps < .05). Education, being non-US born, English proficiency, and Spanish proficiency were each significant in the multivariate model. Conclusions: Results revealed a significant association between acculturation and English- and Spanish-language HL among bilingual Latino adults with adequate HL, suggesting that HL should be assessed in the language in which individuals are most proficient. HL assessed in a nonprimary language may be confounded with language proficiency. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2019;3(2):e81–e89. ] Plain Language Summary: The results of this investigation revealed a significant association between acculturation and English- and Spanish-language health literacy among bilingual Latino adults. This suggests that health literacy should be assessed in the language in which individuals are most proficient. Health literacy assessed in a nonprimary language may be influenced by language proficiency.
The Human Homologue of Bub3 Is Required for Kinetochore Localization of Bub1 and a Mad3/Bub1-related Protein Kinase

A feedback control mechanism, or cell cycle checkpoint, delays the onset of anaphase until all the chromosomes are correctly aligned on the mitotic spindle. Previously, we showed that the murine homologue of Bub1 is not only required for checkpoint response to spindle damage, but also restrains progression through a normal mitosis (Taylor, S.S., and F. McKeon. 1997. Cell. 89:727–735). Here, we describe the identification of a human homologue of Bub3, a 37-kD protein with four WD repeats. Like Bub1, Bub3 localizes to kinetochores before chromosome alignment. In addition, Bub3 and Bub1 interact in mammalian cells. Deletion mapping was used to identify the domain of Bub1 required for binding Bub3. Significantly, this same domain is required for kinetochore localization of Bub1, suggesting that the role of Bub3 is to localize Bub1 to the kinetochore, thereby activating the checkpoint in response to unattached kinetochores. The identification of a human Mad3/Bub1-related protein kinase, hBubR1, which can also bind Bub3 in mammalian cells, is described. Ectopically expressed hBubR1 also localizes to kinetochores during prometaphase, but only when hBub3 is overexpressed. We discuss the implications of the common interaction between Bub1 and hBubR1 with hBub3 for checkpoint control.
The measurement calculus

Measurement-based quantum computation has emerged from the physics community as a new approach to quantum computation where the notion of measurement is the main driving force of computation. This is in contrast with the more traditional circuit model that is based on unitary operations. Among measurement-based quantum computation methods, the recently introduced one-way quantum computer [Raussendorf and Briegel 2001] stands out as fundamental. We develop a rigorous mathematical model underlying the one-way quantum computer and present a concrete syntax and operational semantics for programs, which we call patterns, and an algebra of these patterns derived from a denotational semantics. More importantly, we present a calculus for reasoning locally and compositionally about these patterns. We present a rewrite theory and prove a general standardization theorem which allows all patterns to be put in a semantically equivalent standard form. Standardization has far-reaching consequences: a new physical architecture based on performing all the entanglement in the beginning, parallelization by exposing the dependency structure of measurements and expressiveness theorems. Furthermore we formalize several other measurement-based models, for example, Teleportation, Phase and Pauli models and present compositional embeddings of them into and from the one-way model. This allows us to transfer all the theory we develop for the one-way model to these models. This shows that the framework we have developed has a general impact on measurement-based computation and is not just particular to the one-way quantum computer.
Psychosocial aspects of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from south India.

BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), though initially manifesting with reproductive and cosmetic symptoms is a harbinger of insulin resistance syndrome. It is associated with psychological distress in both management as well as in its etiology. There are no Indian studies on psychological stress in women with PCOS. METHODS Ninety nine women who presented with PCOS to the Endocrinology clinic were administered Goldberg's GHQ 28 (General Health Questionnaire) to assess psychological status, along with clinical, hormonal and ultrasound evaluation. RESULTS Fifty four percent had a GHQ28 score >8. Among them 38% had a family size <4, 72% had obesity, 70% had hirsutism, 72% had a waist circumference >88 cm and 69% had a F/G score >4 . All these variables were statistically significant; p < 0.05 using Chi-square test. CONCLUSION Women presenting with PCOS had increased psychological distress, which was related to smaller size of family, and more severe physical manifestations of the condition.
Supporting the social uses of television: sociability heuristics for social tv

Various social television systems and applications, enabling remote communication and interaction between viewers, are currently in development. Although usability guidelines exist for interactive television to ensure a usable system, there are no sociability guidelines for designing or evaluating the social interaction these systems enable. In this paper we present twelve sociability heuristics for evaluating social TV, based on several user studies with social TV systems.
Dynamic behaviour of nano-sized voids in hexagonal close-packed materials

The dynamic behaviour and failure mechanisms of nano-sized voids in single crystals is studied for three hexagonal close-packed materials by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Our study reveals that in Magnesium the response is highly anisotropic leading to a brittle to ductile transition in the failure modes under different load orientations. This transition is accompanied by different mechanisms of deformation and is associated with the anisotropic HCP lattice structure of Mg and the associated barrier for dislocation motion. Remarkably, brittle failure is observed when external loads produce a high stress triaxiality while the response is more ductile when the stress triaxiality decreases. On the other hand, the failure in other two hexagonal close-packed materials studied in this work, i.e, Titanium and Zirconium, is more ductile, in high contrast with the brittle failure observed in Magnesium. We find that this difference is due to the fact that nano-sized voids in Titanium and Zirconium emit substantially more dislocations than Magnesium, allowing for large displacements of the atoms and plastic work, including non-basal planes. Based on our findings, we postulate that this brittle failure in Magnesium is due to a competition between dislocations emission in the basal plane and crack propagation in non-basal planes. Thus, we propose to use the ratio between unstable stacking fault and surface energy in these materials to assess the tendency of hexagonal close-packed materials and alloys to fail under brittle or ductile modes. Using this ratio, we critically identify the low surface energy of Mg as responsible for this brittle behaviour and recommend that Mg-based alloys with large surface energies can lead to better performance for dynamic applications. The fundamental mechanisms observed, therefore, explain the low spall strength of Mg and suggest the possibility of manipulating some mechanisms to increase ductility and spall strength of new lightweight Mg alloys.
Different Molecular Profiles Characterize Well-Differentiated Endocrine Tumors and Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinomas of the Gastroenteropancreatic Tract

Purpose: The molecular pathogenesis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors (ETs) is still largely unknown. The purpose of this work was a molecular characterization of 38 gastroenteropancreatic ETs with respect to the primary site and to the morphofunctional profile, pointing out useful diagnostic or prognostic molecular markers. Experimental Design: Twenty-four well-differentiated ETs or carcinomas (WDET/Cs; 11 pancreatic, 3 gastric, and 10 intestinal) and 14 poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas (1 pancreatic, 6 gastric, and 7 colorectal) were microallelotyped using 38 polymorphic microsatellite markers covering chromosomes 1, 3, 5q, 6, 11, 17, and 18. Results: Regardless of the primary site, a significantly higher percentage of allelic imbalances (AIs) was observed in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinomas than in WDET/Cs (P = 0.012), except for 3 of 8 nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine tumors and 1 colorectal WDEC, exhibiting multiple AIs on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, and 11. A strong positive correlation between AI percentage and Ki-67 proliferation index was detected considering both the whole series of ETs (P = 0.004) and the group of WDET/Cs alone (P = 0.011). The survival analysis showed a positive correlation between low percentage of AI and longer survival (P = 0.01). No recurrent AIs at specific chromosomal regions were identifiable with respect to the primary site. Conclusions: The malignant progression of endocrine tumors seems to be associated with complex allelotypes and chromosomal instability. Although no specific molecular markers of malignancy can be defined with certainty, the ploidy status and the degree of chromosomal derangements appear to be the most informative genetic factors with prognostic significance.
The regulation of pre-metastatic niche formation by neutrophils

Metastasis is a multistep process requiring tumor cell detachment from the primary tumor and migration to target organs through the lymphatic or blood circulatory systems. Specific organs are predisposed to metastases in certain cancers and the formation of supportive metastatic microenvironment determines tumor cell homing. Such an environment is provided by a pre-metastatic niche that is formed through the recruitment of bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, however the mechanisms of its formation are not fully understood. Recent evidence suggests that the primary tumor itself modulates the environment of secondary organs prior to tumor cell dissemination. The contribution of neutrophils to the formation of the pre-metastatic niche is getting growing attention. Obviously, neutrophils can affect the development of metastasis in two contradicting ways, by either stimulation or inhibition of this process, depending on the activation status. Pro-tumor neutrophils actively support metastasis formation by different mechanisms, including the formation of pre-metastatic niche, tumor cell attraction, and the direct support of tumor cell proliferation. Moreover, suppressive neutrophils, which are the granulocytic arm of MDSC, promote tumor progression by dampening anti-tumor T cell immunity. On the other hand, anti-tumor neutrophils can inhibit metastasis formation by the cytotoxicity towards tumor cells in the circulation or at the pre-metastatic site, and even via stimulation of T cell proliferation. Apparently, the regulation of the pro- or anti-tumor neutrophil properties has significant implications on metastatic spread in the host. Here we provide an up to date overview of the different roles neutrophils play in regulating the metastatic processes.
Modes of heme binding and substrate access for cytochrome P450 CYP74A revealed by crystal structures of allene oxide synthase

Cytochrome P450s exist ubiquitously in all organisms and are involved in many biological processes. Allene oxide synthase (AOS) is a P450 enzyme that plays a key role in the biosynthesis of oxylipin jasmonates, which are involved in signal and defense reactions in higher plants. The crystal structures of guayule (Parthenium argentatum) AOS (CYP74A2) and its complex with the substrate analog 13(S)-hydroxyoctadeca-9Z,11E-dienoic acid have been determined. The structures exhibit a classic P450 fold but possess a heme-binding mode with an unusually long heme binding loop and a unique I-helix. The structures also reveal two channels through which substrate and product may access and leave the active site. The entrances are defined by a loop between β3–2 and β3–3. Asn-276 in the substrate binding site may interact with the substrate's hydroperoxy group and play an important role in catalysis, and Lys-282 at the entrance may control substrate access and binding. These studies provide both structural insights into AOS and related P450s and a structural basis to understand the distinct reaction mechanism.
Robust fault and state estimation for linear discrete-time systems with unknown disturbances using PI Three-Stage Kalman Filter

The problem of simultaneously estimating the state and the fault of linear time varying stochastic systems in the presence of unknown input with uncertain noise covariances is presented. The approach suggested rests on the use of the Proportional Integral Three-Stage Kalman Filter (PI-ThSKF). This technique is qualified to be robust against the noise covariance matrices uncertainty. The proposed filter is tested by an illustrative example.
Analysis-by-Synthesis Quantization for Compressed Sensing Measurements

We consider a resource-limited scenario where a sensor that uses compressed sensing (CS) collects a low number of measurements in order to observe a sparse signal, and the measurements are subsequently quantized at a low bit-rate followed by transmission or storage. For such a scenario, we design new algorithms for source coding with the objective of achieving good reconstruction performance of the sparse signal. Our approach is based on an analysis-by-synthesis principle at the encoder, consisting of two main steps: 1) the synthesis step uses a sparse signal reconstruction technique for measuring the direct effect of quantization of CS measurements on the final sparse signal reconstruction quality, and 2) the analysis step decides appropriate quantized values to maximize the final sparse signal reconstruction quality. Through simulations, we compare the performance of the proposed quantization algorithms vis-a-vis existing quantization schemes.
Characterization of Two Distinct Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor

Abstract: Here we report the generation and characterization of two distinct monoclonal antibodies, G‐90 and B‐1531, specific to glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). ELISA results confirmed that G‐90 and B‐1531 both recognize GDNF. Western blots showed that G‐90 recognized only the GDNF dimer, whereas B‐1531 recognized both the monomer and dimer. Peptide competition ELISA (PCE) and BIAcore data suggested that G‐90 and B‐1531 recognize different epitopes: PCE confirmed that B‐1531 binds to NH2‐terminal peptides between amino acids 18 and 37, whereas G‐90 does not; BIAcore data showed that B‐1531 binds to the NH2 terminus of GDNF, whereas G‐90 does not. G‐90, in a concentration‐dependent manner, completely neutralized the GDNF‐induced increases of choline acetyltransferase in cultured motoneuron and of dopamine uptake and morphological differentiation in dopaminergic neuron cultures. B‐1531 had no neutralizing effects. GDNF‐induced Ret autophosphorylation in NGR‐38 cells was completely neutralized by G‐90, whereas B‐1531 had a moderate effect. These data show that G‐90 and B‐1531 are specific antibodies to GDNF. The data also suggest that the NH2 terminus of GDNF is not critical for activity. Partial inhibition of Ret phosphorylation is insufficient to downregulate GDNF‐induced biological activity.
Predicate transformers in the semantics of Circus

Circus is a combination of Z and CSP; its chief distinguishing feature is the inclusion of the ideas of refinement calculus. The main objective is the definition of refinement methods for concurrent programs. The original semantic model for Circus is Hoare and He's (1998) unifying theories of programming. An equivalent semantics based on predicate transformers is presented. With this model, a more adequate basis for the formalisation of refinement and verification-condition generation rules is provided. Furthermore, this framework makes it possible to include logical variables and angelic nondeterminism in Circus. The consistency of the relational and predicate transformer models gives us confidence in their accuracy.
Global Liquidity and House Prices: A VAR Analysis for OECD Countries

The belief that house prices are driven by specific regional and institutional variables and not at all by monetary conditions is so entrenched with some market participants and some commentators that the search for empirical support would seem to be a trivial task. However, this is not the case. This paper investigates the relationship between global excess liquidity and asset prices on a global scale:How important is global liquidity? How are asset (especially house) prices and other important macro variables like consumer prices affected by global monetary conditions? This paper analyses the international transmission of monetary shocks with a special focus on the effects of a global monetary aggregate ('global liquidity') on consumer prices and different asset prices.We estimate a variety of VAR models for the global economy using aggregated data that represent the major OECD countries. The impulse responses show that a positive shock to global liquidity leads to permanent increases in the global GDP deflator and in the global house price index, while the latter reaction is even more distinctive. Moreover, we find that there are subsequent spillovers to consumer prices. In contrast, we are not able to find empirical evidence in favour of the hypothesis that the MSCIWorld index as a measure of stock prices significantly reacts to changes in global liquidity.
Noisy signal recovery via iterative reweighted L1-minimization

Compressed sensing has shown that it is possible to reconstruct sparse high dimensional signals from few linear measurements. In many cases, the solution can be obtained by solving an ℓ1-minimization problem, and this method is accurate even in the presence of noise. Recently a modified version of this method, reweighted ℓ1-minimization, has been suggested. Although no provable results have yet been attained, empirical studies have suggested the reweighted version outperforms the standard method. Here we analyze the reweighted ℓ1-minimization method in the noisy case, and provide provable results showing an improvement in the error bound over the standard bounds.
Introduction to data mining for educational researchers

The goal of this tutorial is to share data mining tools and techniques used by computer scientists with educational social scientists. We broadly define educational social scientists as being made up of people with backgrounds in the learning sciences, cognitive psychology, and educational research. The learning analytics community is heavily populated with researchers of these backgrounds, and we believe those that find themselves at the intersection of research, theory, and practice have a particular interest in expanding their knowledge of datadriven tools and techniques.
Living alone and cardiovascular risk in outpatients at risk of or with atherothrombosis.

BACKGROUND Living alone, a proxy for social support, has been inconsistently linked with cardiovascular risk. METHODS We investigated whether living alone was associated with increased mortality and cardiovascular risk in the global REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health (REACH) Registry. Stable outpatients at risk of or with atherothrombosis were recruited from December 1, 2003, through December 31, 2004, and followed up to 4 years for cardiovascular events. Events were examined by living arrangement with risk adjustment for age, sex, clinical risk factors, therapy, preexisting vascular disease, and sociodemographic factors. Effect modification was tested by age, sex, employment, ethnicity, education, and geography. RESULTS Among the 44 573 REACH participants, 8594 (19%) were living alone. Living alone was associated with higher 4-year mortality (14.1% vs 11.1%) and cardiovascular death (8.6% vs 6.8%; log-rank P < .01 for both comparisons); however, there was significant effect modification by age (P value for interaction = .03). Specifically, among younger participants, living alone compared with those living with others was associated with higher mortality (age 45-65 years: 7.7% vs 5.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.24 [95% CI, 1.01-1.51]; age 66-80 years: 13.2% vs 12.3%; adjusted HR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.01-1.26]), but this was not observed among older participants (age > 80 years: 24.6% vs 28.4%; adjusted HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.79-1.06]). A similar trend was observed for the risk of cardiovascular death. CONCLUSIONS In an international outpatient population with atherothrombosis aged 45 years or older, living alone was associated with increased mortality among all but the most elderly patients, although this observation warrants confirmation.
The Roles of the Catalytic and Noncatalytic Activities of Rpd3L and Rpd3S in the Regulation of Gene Transcription in Yeast

In budding yeasts, the histone deacetylase Rpd3 resides in two different complexes called Rpd3L (large) and Rpd3S (small) that exert opposing effects on the transcription of meiosis-specific genes. By introducing mutations that disrupt the integrity and function of either Rpd3L or Rpd3S, we show here that Rpd3 function is determined by its association with either of these complexes. Specifically, the catalytic activity of Rpd3S activates the transcription of the two major positive regulators of meiosis, IME1 and IME2, under all growth conditions and activates the transcription of NDT80 only during vegetative growth. In contrast, the effects of Rpd3L depends on nutrients; it represses or activates transcription in the presence or absence of a nitrogen source, respectively. Further, we show that transcriptional activation does not correlate with histone H4 deacetylation, suggesting an effect on a nonhistone protein. Comparison of rpd3-null and catalytic-site point mutants revealed an inhibitory activity that is independent of either the catalytic activity of Rpd3 or the integrity of Rpd3L and Rpd3S.