Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Changes in Shoulder and Elbow Passive Range of Motion after Pitching in Professional Baseball Players

Background The overhead throwing athlete has unique range of motion characteristics of the shoulder and elbow. Numerous theories exist to explain these characteristics; however, the precise cause is not known. Although it is accepted that range of Motion is altered, the acute effect of baseball pitching on shoulder and elbow range of motion has not been established. Hypothesis There will be a reduction in passive range of motion immediately after baseball pitching. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Sixty-seven asymptomatic male professional baseball pitchers participated in the study. Passive range of motion Measurements were recorded using a customized bubble goniometer for shoulder external rotation, shoulder internal rotation, total shoulder rotational motion, elbow flexion, and elbow extension on the dominant and nondominant arms. Testing was performed on the first day of spring training. Measurements were taken before, immediately after, and 24 hours after pitching. Results A significant decrease in shoulder internal rotation (−9.5°), total motion (−10.7°), and elbow extension (−3.2°) occurred immediately after baseball pitching in the dominant shoulder (P < .001). These changes continued to exist 24 hours after pitching. No differences were noted on the nondominant side. Conclusion Passive range of motion is significantly decreased immediately after baseball pitching. This decrease in range of motion continues to be present 24 hours after throwing. High levels of eccentric muscle activity have previously been observed in the shoulder external rotators and elbow flexors during pitching. These eccentric muscle contractions may contribute to acute musculotendinous adaptations and altered range of motion. The results of this study may suggest a newly defined mechanism to range of motion adaptations in the overhead throwing athlete resulting from acute musculoskeletal adaptations, in addition to Potential osseous and capsular adaptations.
Real-time digital zooming for mobile consumer cameras using directionally adaptive image interpolation and restoration

In this digest, we present a novel real-time digital zooming method based on directionally adaptive image interpolation and restoration. The proposed method first estimates an edge direction using steerable filters and performs weighted smoothing along the estimated edge direction. Bi-cubic and bi-linear interpolations are selectively used according to the estimated edge direction. Degradation and artifacts caused by interpolation are removed by employing a directionally adaptive truncated constrained least squares (TCLS) filter. The proposed digital zooming method followed by image restoration provides high-quality magnified images which are similar to the result of computationally intensive super-resolution algorithms. The proposed method can be applied to real-time image processing, and embedded in the form of the finite impulse response (FIR) filtering structure. It is suitable for digital zooming system of mobile phone cameras, tablet PCs, and digital camcorders.
Effect of fluoroquinolone exposure on the proteome of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.

OBJECTIVES The physiological response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to fluoroquinolone antibiotics was investigated using proteomic methods. METHODS Proteomes were prepared from strain SL1344 following treatment of broth cultures with ciprofloxacin (0.03 and 0.008 mg/L; 2x and 0.5x MIC) and enrofloxacin (0.03 mg/L) and from a multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) mutant. Protein expression was determined by two-dimensional HPLC-MS(n) and also after exposure to ciprofloxacin by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-GE). RESULTS The number of proteins (mean +/- SD) detected by 2D-GE derived from control cultures of the wild-type strain was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 296 +/- 77 to 153 +/- 36 following treatment with ciprofloxacin (0.03 mg/L). Raised expression (P < 0.05) of 17 proteins was also detected, and increases of up to 8-fold (P < 0.0001) were observed for subunits of F1F0-ATP synthase, TolC and Imp. Analysis by two-dimensional HPLC-MS(n) provided higher proteome coverage with 787 +/- 50 proteins detected, which was reduced (P < 0.005) to 560 +/- 14 by ciprofloxacin (0.03 mg/L). Increased expression of 43 proteins was observed which included those detected by 2D-GE and additionally the efflux pump protein AcrB. The basal expression of the AcrAB/TolC efflux pump was elevated in the MAR mutant compared with the untreated wild-type and augmented following treatment with ciprofloxacin (0.03 mg/L). F1F0-ATP synthase and Imp were only elevated in the mutant when treated with ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS These studies suggest that increased expression of AcrAB/TolC was associated with resistance while other increases, such as in F1F0-ATP synthase and Imp, were a response to fluoroquinolone.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of Proteins Associated with the Cardiorenal Syndrome

The cardiorenal syndrome refers to the coexistence of kidney and cardiovascular disease, where cardiovascular events are the most common cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease. Both, cardiovascular as well as kidney diseases have been extensively analyzed on a molecular level, resulting in molecular features and associated processes indicating a cross-talk of the two disease etiologies on a pathophysiological level. In order to gain a comprehensive picture of molecular factors contributing to the bidirectional interplay between kidney and cardiovascular system, we mined the scientific literature for molecular features reported as associated with the cardiorenal syndrome, resulting in 280 unique genes/proteins. These features were then analyzed on the level of molecular processes and pathways utilizing various types of protein interaction networks. Next to well established molecular features associated with the renin-angiotensin system numerous proteins involved in signal transduction and cell communication were found, involving specific molecular functions covering receptor binding with natriuretic peptide receptor and ligands as well known example. An integrated analysis of identified features pinpointed a protein interaction network involving mediators of hemodynamic change and an accumulation of features associated with the endothelin and VEGF signaling pathway. Some of these features may function as novel therapeutic targets.
Extracting and ranking viral communities using seeds and content similarity

We study the community extraction problem within the context of networks of blogs and forums. When starting from a small set of known seed nodes, we argue that the use of content information (beyond explicit link information) plays an essential role in the identification of the relevant community. Our approach lends itself to a new and insightful ranking scheme for members of the extracted community and an efficient algorithm for inflating/deflating the extracted community. Using a considerably large commercial data set of blog and forum sites, we provide experimental evidence to demonstrate the utility, efficiency, and stability of our methods.
Fatigue Crack Initiation Behavior in Ultrafine-Grained Steel Observed by AFM and EBSP

Ultrafine-grained specimens with the average grain size of less than 2µm and medium-grained specimens were prepared from steel plates produced by an advanced thermo-mechanical control process. The smooth specimens were fatigued under axial tension compression at room temperature in air. The fatigue crack initiation process was investigated by orientation imaging microscopy based on EBSP in combination with atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that fatigue cracks initiated in the simple slip lines in the medium-grained specimens. On the other hand, in the ultrafine-grained specimens, complex slip deformation was formed in the vicinity of the grain boundaries prior to the fatigue crack initiation. Fatigue cracks were nucleated at the boundary between the grains with the concentrated complex slip deformation. The crystallographic orientation analysis revealed that the complex slip deformation was formed by the cross slip of active slip systems with the largest Schmid factors. It was found that the relation between the fatigue limit and grain size of the ultrafine-grained specimens does not conform to the Hall-Petch relation of conventional ferritic-pearlitic steel due to the texture and cross slip.
Intelligent contextual assistance for visuals in remote campaign operation

Remote working using roaming work agents supported campaigns need multiple observer based view formation by dynamic reconfiguration of the observers located at site. The work addresses development of machine intelligence for dynamic reconfiguration of observers and pertinent context sensitization synchronized to on-line visuals depending on the campaign objective at different phases of operation which mainly relate to navigation, appreciation of surrounding for navigation planning and assessment of local work environment at a site. The comprehensive human-machine interface described here, addresses the dual problem of optimum view set formation and visual context appraisal in an on-line process.
Frequent Application of the New Gelatin-Collagen Nonwoven Accelerates Wound Healing

OBJECTIVE: Mortality after chronic wounds is high. Thus, proper and effective therapy is of critical importance. Adult mammalian skin cannot regenerate spontaneously. It heals under scar formation in a process of repair. In general, wound closure is achieved through a combination of contraction, scar formation, and regeneration. To enhance wound healing, research groups are continuously inventing and evaluating novel skin replacement products. A single application of a new gelatin-collagen nonwoven accelerates wound closure of full-thickness skin defects. Therefore, the authors’ objective was to evaluate the effect of a higher application frequency of the nonwoven on wound closure in a minipig model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four full-thickness skin defects were created surgically on the dorsum of 12 Göttingen minipigs. Next, 3 wounds were treated randomly with a novel gelatin-collagen nonwoven in different thicknesses, while the fourth wound was left untreated and served as the control wound. Moreover, 6 minipigs achieved multiple applications of the wound dressing. During the experimental period of 21 days, a close-up photographic documentation was performed. Finally, the areas of the initial wounds were excised and examined histologically. RESULTS: More frequent application of the nonwoven achieved accelerated wound healing and better epidermis quality compared with a single application. Mean time until wound closure of all wounds treated with a multiple application of the nonwoven was 11.0 (± 1.2) days, compared with a single application of the nonwoven with 12.4 (± 1.26) days and control wounds with 13.5 (± 1.19) days. Furthermore, the epidermal thickness of all wounds treated with multiple applications of the nonwoven was increased by 10.67 &mgr;m (31.89 ± 8.86 &mgr;m, P = .0007) compared with a single application of the nonwoven and by 6.53 &mgr;m (27.75 ± 7.24 &mgr;m, P = .0435) compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple applications of the gelatin-collagen nonwoven may be an appropriate treatment for chronic wounds leading to a fast wound closure through a combination of contraction and re-epithelialization.
Multi-Population Classical HLA Type Imputation

Statistical imputation of classical HLA alleles in case-control studies has become established as a valuable tool for identifying and fine-mapping signals of disease association in the MHC. Imputation into diverse populations has, however, remained challenging, mainly because of the additional haplotypic heterogeneity introduced by combining reference panels of different sources. We present an HLA type imputation model, HLA*IMP:02, designed to operate on a multi-population reference panel. HLA*IMP:02 is based on a graphical representation of haplotype structure. We present a probabilistic algorithm to build such models for the HLA region, accommodating genotyping error, haplotypic heterogeneity and the need for maximum accuracy at the HLA loci, generalizing the work of Browning and Browning (2007) and Ron et al. (1998). HLA*IMP:02 achieves an average 4-digit imputation accuracy on diverse European panels of 97% (call rate 97%). On non-European samples, 2-digit performance is over 90% for most loci and ethnicities where data available. HLA*IMP:02 supports imputation of HLA-DPB1 and HLA-DRB3-5, is highly tolerant of missing data in the imputation panel and works on standard genotype data from popular genotyping chips. It is publicly available in source code and as a user-friendly web service framework.
Oxygen-regulated stimulons of Salmonella typhimurium identified by Mu d(Ap lac) operon fusions

Using the technique of Mu d1(Ap lac)-directed lacZ operon fusions, several oxygen-regulated genetic loci were identified in Salmonella typhimurium. Thirteen anaerobically inducible and six aerobically inducible operon fusions were identified. Based on control by the oxrA and oxrB regulatory loci, the anti-lacZ fusions were grouped into three classes: class I loci were regulated by both oxr loci, class II genes were regulated by oxrA only, and class III loci were not affected by either regulatory locus. Several of the anti-lacZ fusions required growth in complex medium before they exhibited the inducible phenotype. While the expression of some of these loci was repressed when organisms were grown in nitrate, others were stimulated by nitrate. Fusions into the hyd and phs loci were identified among the isolated anti-lacZ fusions. Six oxygen-inducible (oxi) operon fusions were also identified. Two of the oxi loci mapped near oxygen-regulatory loci: oxiC near oxrA and oxiE near oxyR. However, neither fusion appeared to occur within the regulatory locus. The data presented serve to further define the aerobic and anaerobic stimulons of S. typhimurium but indicate additional regulatory circuits above those already defined.
A complex convex relaxation for approximate maximum likelihood 2D energy-based source localization in sensor networks

This paper addresses the energy-based self-localization problem in wireless sensor networks. An approximate solution to the maximum likelihood location estimation problem is presented, by redefining the problem in the complex plane and relaxing the minimization problem into semidefinite programming form. Simulation results show that the presented method is effective at moderate to high noise levels.
Integration of Static Relations to Enhance Event Extraction from Text

As research on biomedical text mining is shifting focus from simple binary relations to more expressive event representations, extraction performance drops due to the increase in complexity. Recently introduced data sets specifically targeting static relations between named entities and domain terms have been suggested to enable a better representation of the biological processes underlying annotated events and opportunities for addressing their complexity. In this paper, we present the first study of integrating these static relations with event data with the aim of enhancing event extraction performance. While obtaining promising results, we will argue that an event extraction framework will benefit most from this new data when taking intrinsic differences between various event types into account.
ProSAS: a database for analyzing alternative splicing in the context of protein structures

Alternative splicing is known to be one of the major sources for functional diversity in higher eukaryotes. Several splicing isoforms have been characterized in the literature that play important roles in cellular processes like apoptosis or signal transduction pathways. Splicing events can often be detected on the mRNA level by large-scale cDNA or EST experiments and such data is collected and annotated in several databases. Nevertheless, the effects of splicing on the structure of a protein are largely unknown. The ProSAS (Protein Structure and Alternative Splicing) database fills this gap and provides a unified resource for analyzing effects of alternative splicing events in the context of protein structures. ProSAS comprehensively annotates and models protein structures for several Ensembl genomes as well as SwissProt entries harbouring splicing events. Alternative isoforms annotated in Ensembl or SwissProt can be analyzed on the protein structure and protein function level using an intuitive user interface that provides several features and tools for a structure-based analysis of alternative splicing events. The ProSAS database is freely accessible at http://www.bio. ifi.lmu. de/ProSAS.
A Study on the Fluidity Properties and Strength Properties of Non-sintered Hwangtoh mixed with PVA Fiber

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of variations in the mix rate of PVA fiber and the replacement ratio of non-sintering Hwangtoh on non-sintering Hwangtoh mortar and concrete mixed with PVA fiber. For water to binder ratio, mortar and concrete were both 50%, and PVA fiber mix rate was 0% and 0.3%. The replacement ratio of non-sintering Hwangtoh was 0, 25, 50 and 75(%) for mortar, and 0, 15, 30 and 50(%) for concrete. The properties of the mortar and concrete were compared and analyzed in 4 different levels, and the results can be summarized as follows. The replacement ratio of 30% of the non-sintering Hwangtoh, and the PVA fiber mix rate of 0.3% is determined to result in concrete of high quality, including strength and fluidity, and crack control by plastic shrinkage.
Double-blind, randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of continuing olanzapine versus switching to quetiapine in overweight or obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder

We examined the potential risks and benefits of switching from olanzapine to quetiapine in mentally stable, obese, or overweight patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Patients receiving olanzapine were randomized to continuing olanzapine treatment (N =68; 7.5–20 mg/day) or switching to quetiapine (N =65; 300–800 mg/day). Time to relapse was the primary study objective; secondary objectives included changes in weight, metabolic parameters, and psychiatric symptoms, and discontinuation rates. No significant difference in time to relapse was observed (p =0.293), but significantly more patients remained on treatment in the olanzapine group compared with the quetiapine group (70.6% vs 43.1%; p =0.002). Olanzapine-treated patients had significantly lower rates of study discontinuation for lack of efficacy and psychiatric adverse events (AEs) compared to quetiapine (2.94% vs 15.38%, p =0.015). Significantly more patients in the olanzapine group experienced an increase in BMI ≥1 kg/m2. Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly greater increases in weight from Weeks 2 through 13. Switching patients with stable disease from olanzapine to quetiapine did not significantly shorten time to relapse, but produced more frequent study discontinuations due to lack of efficacy or psychiatric AEs with moderate but variable improvement in weight and no significant between-group differences in mean changes in metabolic laboratory parameters.
Implementing Journaling in a Linux Shared Disk File System

In computer systems today, speed and responsiveness is often determined by network and storage subsystem performance. Faster, more scalable networking interfaces like Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet provide the scaffolding from which higher performance computer systems implementations may be constructed, but new thinking is required about how machines interact with network-enabled storage devices. In this paper we describe how we implemented journaling in the Global File System (GFS), a shared-disk, cluster file system for Linux. Our previous three papers on GFS at the Mass Storage Symposium discussed our first three GFS implementations, their performance, and the lessons learned. Our fourth paper describes, appropriately enough, the evolution of GFS version 3 to version 4, which supports journaling and recovery from client failures. In addition, GFS scalability tests extending to 8 machines accessing 8 4-disk enclosures were conducted: these tests showed good scaling. We describe the GFS cluster infrastructure, which is necessary for proper recovery from machine and disk failures in a collection of machines sharing disks using GFS. Finally, we discuss the suitability of Linux for handling the big data requirements of supercomputing centers.
Implementing the TILT Internal Language

Abstract : The TILT compiler for Standard ML represents programs internally using a predicative lambda calculus based on Girard's F omega. At the kind level, this language is notable for containing singleton kinds and dependent product and function kinds. Previous work SH99 established the decidability of type equivalence for this language. This paper presents a typechecking algorithm for the full TILT internal language and discusses some of the more interesting features of the language. The particular use of intensional type analysis to handle arrays of unboxed floating point numbers is described. An extended calculus is also introduced which permits unlabeled singletons at higher kind, in order to allow for more compact program representation. The extended calculus is related to the restricted calculus via a transformation that eliminates the unlabeled singletons, and the decidability of the typechecking algorithms for both the original and extended calculus is shown.
Effect of contextual interference on motor asymmetry of hand and bilateral transfer in basketball dribble

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of contextual interference on the motor asymmetry of hand and bilateral transfer of young girls in basketball dribbling. For this purpose, 50 female students with an average age of 20.4±1.4 (5 left-handed and the other right-handed) were randomly selected and assigned into 5 sets of training groups of blocked dominant-non-dominant hand, a set of blocked non-dominantdominant hand, serial, increasing contextual interference, and control groups. In order to determine handedness, Annet questionnaire of handedness was used and to assess proficiency in dribbling skill, Slalom-Dribble Test was used in 4 stages of pre-test, acquisition, retention and transfer. The analysis of covariance indicated that there is a significant difference between the motor asymmetry of hand in retention and transfer stage between blocked dominant-nondominant hand and serial, however, no significant differences was found between the other groups. The statistical calculation of transfer rate in retention and transfer stages indicated that transfer was from the dominant hand to the non-dominant hand. Finally, according to the findings, the trainers are suggested take advantage of the incentive effects of blocked dominant-non-dominant hand in basketball dribbling.