Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing Intelligence Analysis with Context Slices

Making sense of large text datasets is a difficult problem in many domains and does not scale well for individuals. Crowdsourcing presents new opportunities for large-scale sensemaking, but we must first overcome the challenge of enabling many distributed novice workers to contribute meaningfully. In this paper, we explore the use of non-expert crowds to support expert analysts in complex sensemaking, focusing on the task of finding connections between entities in documents with narrative textual information. We introduce a novel concept called context slices in which datasets are restructured to support large-scale text analysis by crowd workers. We implemented this concept in a web application, Connect the Dots, in which crowds build subgraphs of entity relationships that can be layered and visualized for expert analysts. Our results suggest that with context slices, crowds are able to find most of the connections that analysts need, along with accurate and meaningful description labels, and can be used to retrieve and schematize information from the source documents.
miR-551 b-5 p increases intracellular Ca 2 + concentration but does not alter c-Kit expression in rat interstitial cells of Cajal

Objective: To investigate the effect of the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)-related miR-551b-5p on intracellular Ca2+ concentration and c-Kit expression and distribution in rat interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) in vitro. Methods: ICCs were isolated from 5-10-day-old rats and cultured in vitro. The cultured ICCs were divided into five groups: a normal control group; a group transfected with an miR-551b-5p mimic; a group transfected with an miR-551b-5p inhibitor; a group transfected with a negative control for the miR-551b-5p mimic; and a group transfected with a negative control for the miR-551b-5p inhibitor. After transfection, real-time PCR was used to detect miR-551b-5p and c-Kit expression. A Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of c-Kit protein. Confocal microscopy combined with immunofluorescence and Fluo 3-acetoxymethyl (AM) fluorescence were used to determine the localization of c-Kit and intracellular Ca2+ concentration, respectively. Results: Transfection with the miR-551b-5p mimic or inhibitor resulted in overexpression or downregulation of miR-551b-5p in ICCs, respectively. The overexpression or downregulation of miR-551b-5p had no significant influence on c-Kit mRNA or protein levels. The overexpression of miR-551b-5p significantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, and the downregulation of miR-551b-5p significantly decreased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Conclusion: miR-551b-5p increases intracellular Ca2+ concentration but does not alter c-Kit expression in rat ICCs, suggesting that it functions in ICCs by regulating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration downstream or independently of c-Kit signaling.
Current Endoglin-Deficient Mouse Models for Brain Arteriovenous Malformation

The Endoglin (ENG) gene encodes a major glycoprotein that belongs to the TGFβ superfamily. In humans, mutations in the ENG gene are associated with an autosomal dominant disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). HHT patients have a higher incidence of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) than the normal population. Because bAVM has a tendency to rupture and cause intracranial hemorrhage, having a better understanding of bAVM pathogenesis is crucial. In recent years, Eng-deficient bAVM mouse models have been established. This review looks at current models and how they are being utilized to study disease mechanisms and test new therapies.
The Rise of Emotion-aware Conversational Agents: Threats in Digital Emotions

A future where the conversation with machines can potentially involve mutual emotions between the parties may be not so far in time. Inspired by the episode of Black Mirror "Be Right Back'' and Replika, a futuristic app that promises to be "your best friend'', in this work we are considering the positive and negative points of including an automated learning conversational agent inside the personal world of feelings and emotions. These systems can impact both single individuals and society, worsening an already critical situation. Our conclusion is that a regulation on the artificial emotional content should be considered before actually going beyond some one-way-only limits.
Effects of Media Exemplars on the Perception of Social Issues With Pre-Existing Beliefs

Exemplification studies usually examined the influence of media exemplars on people’s perceptions of fictional or controversial issues, but neglected the circumstances when people have prior beliefs. The present research tested the effects of media exemplars on people’s perceptions of Chengguan–vendor conflicts, a social issue with strong prior beliefs in China. The typical between-group exemplification effect was not evident; a relative, within-group exemplification effect was found; and a progressively decaying exemplification effect emerged. Yet, when evaluating belief/attitude formation and change beyond the media context, initial belief emerged as the most prominent and the only consistent predictor of subsequent perceptions.
Secure and Efficient Routing Mechanism in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Securing crucial information is always considered as one of the complex, critical, and a time-consuming task. This research investigates a significant threat to the security of a network, i.e., selective forwarding attack. Protection of information is considered as the main stimulating task in the design of an information system for an organization. The research work proposes a framework that detects the selective forwarding attacks and computes the harmful hosts residing an ad-hoc structure. Our solution is further split into two phases: initial phase is the detection of selective forwarding attacks and the second phase performs the identification of malicious nodes. Performance of the proposed model is evaluated based on the network throughput, which is for the enhancement of security. Simulation of the proposed model is performed using NetLogo and the results show an improvement of 20% in throughput of the network.
Exploring the function of red colouration in female spiny-footed lizards (Acanthodactylus erythrurus): patterns of seasonal colour change

In spiny-footed lizards (Acanthodactylus erythrurus), adult females (but not males) show conspicuous red colouration in the tail and hind legs. To investigate the function of this red colouring and proximal causes of seasonal colour change, we captured adult females before the reproductive season and kept them in captivity in one of the three following situations: with a male and fertilization possible, with a male and fertilization impossible, or with another female (fertilization also impossible). Colour was quantified using spectrophotometry. Red colouration increased shortly before the onset of reproduction, but faded during the breeding season and became whitish (light buff-gray) in all cases. Both fertilized and unfertilized females laid eggs or were gravid after two months of the experiment, but while fertilized females laid mostly fertile eggs, unfertilized females only laid infertile eggs. Both egg formation and colour change might be triggered by abiotic factors, although female characteristics also play a role, since heavier females changed colour and laid eggs earlier. Females interacting freely with a male were darker at the end of the breeding season than females separated from the male, indicating that fertilization or physical contact might also have an effect on colouration. Colour change patterns found in this study suggest that female red colouration might have a mating-related function, but do not support a courtship rejection function for the red colour. However, whitish colouration resulting from red fading might signal gravidity in this species. Future experimental manipulation of female colouration will be needed to test these hypotheses.
Evidence for donor strand complementation in the biogenesis of Haemophilus influenzae haemagglutinating pili

Haemophilus influenzae haemagglutinating pili are surface appendages that promote attachment to host cells and facilitate respiratory tract colonization, an essential step in the pathogenesis of disease. In contrast to other well‐characterized forms of pili, H. influenzae haemagglutinating pili are two‐stranded helical structures. Nevertheless, haemagglutinating pili are assembled by a pathway that involves a periplasmic chaperone and an outer membrane usher, analogous to the prototype pathway involved in the biogenesis of Escherichia coli P pili. In this study, we performed site‐directed mutagenesis of the H. influenzae HifB chaperone and HifA major pilus subunit at positions homologous to sites important for chaperone–subunit interactions and subunit oligomerization in P pili. Mutations at putative subunit binding pocket residues in HifB or at the penultimate tyrosine in HifA abolished formation of HifB–HifA periplasmic complexes, whereas mutations at the −14 glycine in HifA had no effect on HifB–HifA interactions but abrogated HifA oligomerization. To define further the constraints of the interaction between HifA and HifB, we examined the interchangeability of pilus gene cluster components from H. influenzae type b strain Eagan (hifA‐hifEEag) and the related H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strain F3031 (hifA‐hifEF3031). Functional pili were assembled both with HifAEag and the strain F3031 gene cluster and with HifAF3031 and the strain Eagan gene cluster, underscoring the flexibility of the H. influenzae chaperone/usher pathway in incorporating HifA subunits with significant sequence diversity. To gain additional insight into the interactive surfaces of HifA and HifB, we aligned HifA sequences from 20 different strains and then modelled the HifA structure based on the recently crystallized PapD–PapK complex. Analysis of the resulting structure revealed high levels of sequence conservation in regions predicted to interact with HifB, and maximal sequence diversity in regions potentially exposed on the surface of assembled pili. These results suggest broad applicability of structure–function relationships identified in studies of P pili, including the concepts of donor strand complementation and donor strand exchange. In addition, they provide insight into the structure of HifA and suggest a basis for antigenic variation in H. influenzae haemagglutinating pili.
An Archaeology of the History of Nineteenth-Century U.S. Anthropology

Historians of pre-professional anthropology in nineteenth-century U.S. society have generally emphasized the roles of individuals and institutions in the development of the field. Their reliance on particular kinds of archives and sources has led some of them to neglect the work of intellectuals of color, many of whom had important anthropological insights. Thus, the hegemonic genealogies of U.S. anthropology make it difficult to discern alternative understandings of the emerging field before the Civil War by virtually eliminating dissenting voices. This paper calls attention to the anthropological thought of James McCune Smith—intellectual, former slave, and radical abolitionist—and situates his perspective in the sociohistorical context of antebellum America.
Ozone for post-harvest treatment of apple fruits

Different biotic contaminations can affect apple production. Among these, infections by Penicillium expansum , the causal agent of blue-green post-harvest rot and patulin production, is particularly important. Fruit of the apple varieties: ‘Royal Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’ were challenged with a patulin-producing P. expansum strain and stored at 1 ± 1°C in presence of gaseous ozone at 0.5 μL L -1 for 2 months. During the storage period, fungal populations, the biosynthesis of patulin and the activity of some Pathogenesis Related Proteins (glucanase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) were evaluated. Ozone treatment reduced fungal populations and patulin production. The activity of the assayed enzymes was not directly or clearly correlated with the inhibiting effect of ozone. These results indicate that ozone could be used to increase storage duration of apple varieties to maintain their quality.
What is the impact of the economic crisis on democracy? Evidence from Europe

There are already a number of good accounts of the impact of the recent 2008–2014 economic crisis on European democracies. However, no systematic assessments of how it has affected specific aspects of democracy have so far been carried out. We explore its impact on European democracies in several areas by adopting the ‘quality of democracy’ framework. Our analysis shows that the measures we employ capture the variation in quality during this ‘troubled’ period. The empirical analysis suggests that a shrinking of private and public resources due to an economic downturn prompts three reactions: (a) a general deterioration of the rule of law; (b) citizens become more sensitive about what governments deliver; and (c) detachment from the institutional channels of representation along with a choice to protest.
The PAC2MAN mission: a new tool to understand and predict solar energetic events

An accurate forecast of flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) initiation requires precise measurements of the magnetic energy buildup and release in the active regions of the solar atmosphere. We designed a new space weather mission that performs such measurements using new optical instruments based on the Hanle and Zeeman effects. The mission consists of two satellites, one orbiting the L1 Lagrangian point (Spacecraft Earth, SCE) and the second in heliocentric orbit at 1AU trailing the Earth by 80° (Spacecraft 80, SC80). Optical instruments measure the vector magnetic field in multiple layers of the solar atmosphere. The orbits of the spacecraft allow for a continuous imaging of nearly 73% of the total solar surface. In-situ plasma instruments detect solar wind conditions at 1AU and ahead of our planet. Earth-directed CMEs can be tracked using the stereoscopic view of the spacecraft and the strategic placement of the SC80 satellite. Forecasting of geoeffective space weather events is possible thanks to an accurate surveillance of the magnetic energy buildup in the Sun, an optical tracking through the interplanetary space, and in-situ measurements of the near-Earth environment.
Intratumoral heterogeneity of oxygen metabolism and neovascularization uncovers 2 survival-relevant subgroups of IDH1 wild-type glioblastoma

Background The intratumoral heterogeneity of oxygen metabolism in combination with variable patterns of neovascularization (NV) as well as reprogramming of energy metabolism affects the landscape of tumor microenvironments (TMEs) in glioblastoma. Knowledge of the hypoxic and perivascular niches within the TME is essential for understanding treatment failure. Methods Fifty-two patients with untreated glioblastoma (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 wild type [IDH1wt]) were examined with a physiological MRI protocol including a multiparametric quantitative blood oxygen level dependent (qBOLD) approach and vascular architecture mapping (VAM). Imaging biomarker information about oxygen metabolism (mitochondrial oxygen tension) and neovascularization (microvascular density and type) were fused for classification of 6 different TMEs: necrosis, hypoxia with/without neovascularization, oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), and glycolysis with/without neovascularization. Association of the different TME volume fractions with progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards models. Results A common spatial structure of TMEs was detected: central necrosis surrounded by tumor hypoxia (with defective and functional neovasculature) and different TMEs with a predominance of OxPhos and glycolysis for energy production, respectively. The percentage of the different TMEs on the total tumor volume uncovered 2 clearly different subtypes of glioblastoma IDH1wt: a glycolytic dominated phenotype with predominantly functional neovasculature and a necrotic/hypoxic dominated phenotype with approximately 50% of defective neovasculature. Patients with a necrotic/hypoxic dominated phenotype showed significantly shorter PFS (P = 0.035). Conclusions Our non-invasive mapping approach allows for classification of the TME and detection of tumor-supportive niches in glioblastoma which may be helpful for both clinical patient management and research.
Development and validation of the source code for defining the optimal path of a mobile robot using genetic algorithm based TSP

Room temperature cyclotron and, Superconducting cyclotron of VEC Centre Kolkata are the experimental facilities being offered for the acceleration of multiply charged heavy positive ions as well as light ions at different energy levels. There exists high intensity of mixed radiation and neutron flux in the cyclotron vault, pit area during the operation of cyclotron. In order to acquire various field information including near real-time video from those inaccessible areas with fixed obstacles navigation of a mobile robot through several intermediate nodes following a fixed path can be a probable solution. In the path planning strategy of a mobile robot to reach the target location may or may not be an optimal one. This paper has concentrated on the development and verification of the source code written in C to find out the optimal path for a mobile robot traversing through several nodes using the concept of Travelling Salesman Problem applying Genetic Algorithm. Superconducting Cyclotron Vault with fixed obstacles has been considered as the target space for defining the optimal path of the mobile robot. The validation of the code has been done by changing the number of initial population and increasing the number of generations. The concept of elitism has been incorporated to find out the optimal path (the most probable solution) among all the generations.
Comparative of Three Titrimetric Determinations of CefazolinSodium

3 titration methods for quality evaluation of cefazolin sodium pharmaceutical product were developed and compared between them: acidimetric, iodometric and non-aqueous methods. The titrimetric methods consist of the measured volume of a solution, concentration of knowledge and need to completely react with a species to be quantified. A great advantage is measured without, in most analyzes, the analytical reference standard. Moreover, the smaller volume of solvent and high-end products. The developed methods meets the requirements of Brazilian Pharmacopeia and International Conference on Harmonisation, being fast, suitable, low cost, simple, accurate and can be used as an alternative for analysis of cefazolin sodium pharmaceutical product in laboratories and industry, contributing to improve the quality control of marketed drug.
Moved into action. Media literacy as social process

Abstract Media literacy has become one of the key qualifications for taking part in society. As media technology becomes more intuitive, and media and other social practices intertwine more and more, the present study uses self-determination theory and a needs-oriented approach to media literacy to better understand what makes someone media literate, as well as how media literacy influences social development. The aims of our study were, therefore, (1) to look at the social process of media literacy and its role in the overall social development of children and (2) to examine the social process of mediating media literacy.
The impact of forming gas annealing on the electrical characteristics of sulfur passivated Al2O3/In0.53Ga0.47As (110) metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors

This study reports the impact of forming gas annealing (FGA) on the electrical characteristics of sulfur passivated, atomic layer deposited Al2O3 gate dielectrics deposited on (110) oriented n- and p-doped In0.53Ga0. 47 As layers metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs). In combination, these approaches enable significant Fermi level movement through the bandgap of both n- and p-doped In0.53Ga0. 47 As (110) MOSCAPs. A midgap interface trap density (Dit) value in the range 0.87 − 1.8 × 10 12 cm − 2 eV − 1 is observed from the samples studied. Close to the conduction band edge, a Dit value of 3.1 × 10 11 cm − 2 eV − 1 is obtained. These data indicate the combination of sulfur pre-treatment and FGA is advantageous in passivating trap states in the upper half of the bandgap of (110) oriented In0.53Ga0. 47 As. This is further demonstrated by a reduction in border trap density in the n-type In0.53Ga0. 47 As (110) MOSCAPs from 1.8 × 10 12 cm − 2 to 5.3 × 10 11 cm − 2 as a result of the FGA process. Thi.
Holding Horizon: A New Measure of Active Investment Management

This paper proposes new holding horizon (HH) measures of active management, and examines the relation between horizon and manager skill. Our HH measures identify, in the cross-section, funds with better long-term alphas, while reported turnover identifies, in the time-series, when a particular fund is likely to exhibit a higher alpha in the short run. This superior long-term performance of long HH funds is due to their superior skills in picking stocks with higher future cash-flow growth. Moreover, stocks largely held by long-horizon funds outperform stocks largely held by short-horizon funds by 2.4%-3.8% per year, adjusted for risk, over the following five-year period.
Comparison of lateral thermal damage of the human peritoneum using monopolar diathermy, Harmonic scalpel and LigaSure.

BACKGROUND New hemostatic technologies are often employed in open and laparoscopic surgery to reduce duration of surgery and complications. Monopolar diathermy, Harmonic scalpel and LigaSure are routinely used in open and laparoscopic surgery for tissue cutting and hemostasis. We compared lateral thermal damage following in vivo application of 3 commonly used instruments. METHODS We used monopolar diathermy, Harmonic scalpel and LigaSure to coagulate and divide the peritoneum of patients who underwent median laparotomy. After anesthesia, median supraumbilical laparotomy was performed, and the peritoneum of each patient was coagulated using different devices. Using light microscopy and morphometric imaging analysis, the width of tissue lateral thermal damage was measured from the point of the peritoneal incision. RESULTS We included 100 patients in our study. After a peritoneal incision, the mean lateral thermal damage of monopolar diathermy, Harmonic scalpel (output power 3), Harmonic scalpel (output power 5) and LigaSure were 215.79 μm, 90.42 μm, 127.48 μm and 144.18 μm, respectively. CONCLUSION The degree of lateral thermal spread varied by instrument type, power setting and application time. LigaSure and Harmonic scalpel were the safest and most efficient methods of tissue coagulation. Monopolar diathermy resulted in the greatest degree of thermal damage in tissues.