Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hospitalisation and bed rest for multiple pregnancy.

BACKGROUND Bed rest used to be widely advised for women with a multiple pregnancy. OBJECTIVES The objective was to assess the effect of bed rest in hospital for women with a multiple pregnancy for prevention of preterm birth and other fetal, neonatal and maternal outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (May 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials which compare outcomes in women with a multiple pregnancy and their babies who were offered bed rest in hospital with women only admitted to hospital if complications occurred. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The review authors carried out assessment for inclusion and risk of bias of the trials. We extracted and double entered data, and used a random-effects model. MAIN RESULTS We included seven trials which involved 713 women and 1452 babies. Routine bed rest in hospital for multiple pregnancy did not reduce the risk of preterm birth, or perinatal mortality. There was substantial heterogeneity related to perinatal death and stillbirth unaccounted for by trial quality. There was a suggestion of a decreased number of low birthweight infants (less than 2500 g) born to women in the routinely hospitalised group (risk ratio (RR) 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.85 to 1.00). No differences were seen in the number of very low birthweight infants (less than 1500 g). No support for the policy was found for other neonatal outcomes. No information is available on developmental outcomes for infants in any of the trials.For the secondary maternal outcomes reported of developing hypertension and caesarean delivery, no differences were seen. Women's views about the care they received were reported rarely.In the subgroup analyses for women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy, with cervical dilation prior to labour with a twin pregnancy and with a triplet pregnancy, no differences were seen in any primary and secondary neonatal outcomes and maternal outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is currently not enough evidence to support a policy of routine hospitalisation for bed rest in multiple pregnancy. No reduction in the risk of preterm birth or perinatal death is evident, although there is a suggestion that fetal growth may be improved. For women with an uncomplicated twin pregnancy the results of this review show no benefit from routine hospitalisation for bed rest. Until further evidence is available, the policy cannot be recommended for routine clinical practice.
Thymic Mesenchymal Cells Have a Distinct Transcriptomic Profile

In order to understand the role of mesenchymal cells (MCs) in the adult thymus, we performed whole transcriptome analyses of primary thymic, bone, and skin MCs. These three MC populations shared expression of 2850 core MC genes involved in generic processes including interactions with tissue-resident macrophages. Moreover, we discovered that 2036 genes were differentially expressed, by at least 5-fold, in the three MC populations. Genes preferentially expressed in thymic MCs are instrumental in clearance of apoptotic thymocytes by macrophages, maintenance of a noninflammatory milieu, and attraction-expansion of thymocyte progenitors. Thymic and bone MCs share other sets of differentially expressed genes implicated in resolution of inflammation and expansion of hematolymphoid progenitors. Consistent with the fact that thymic and skin MCs have to support epithelial cells, they express at higher levels genes mediating epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane and mesenchymal–epithelial cross-talk. Differentially expressed genes preferentially expressed by bone MCs are connected to formation and remodeling of bone, whereas those preferentially expressed in skin MCs are involved in skin and hair follicle homeostasis. We conclude that MCs from different organs display substantial heterogeneity and that the transcriptome of thymic MCs is exquisitely suited for interactions with epithelial and hematolymphoid cells in an environment with a high apoptosis rate.
A novel similarity measure for dependency trees [query answer system example]

We propose a new tree similarity measure based on the connectivity-integrality principle (CI). CI is a concept from graph theory that makes the tree similarity to be measured by taking account of both the partial and the integral structures of trees. We have proved in theory that the new measure has better flexibility than the other two typical similarity measures when given a variety of common substructures between two trees. We apply this new measure to a specific-domain QA (query answer) system to undertake the task of sentence-level disambiguation. Experimental results show that, the new model can effectively enhance the rejection rate that aims at irrelevant documents.
Market Efficiency and Optimal Hedging Strategy for the US Ethanol Market

The aim of this paper is to study the ethanol price dynamics in the US market and find the optimal hedging strategy. To this end, we first attempt to identify the long-term relationship between ethanol spot prices and the prices of futures contracts on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT). Then, we model the short-term dynamics between these two prices using a Markov-switching vector error correction model (Ms-VECM). Finally, accounting for the variance dynamics using a Gjr-MGarch error structure, we compute a time-varying hedge ratio and determine the optimal hedging strategy in the US ethanol market.
Species, sex, and seasonal differences in VNO size

Differences in the sizes of sensory and neural structures are used as an indication of differences in the function of those structures. Large VNOs often are interpreted to mean that this sense is particularly important in the life history of the animal. They also are assumed to be associated with more primitive animals. I examined VNO sizes across mammalian, reptilian, and amphibian lineages while attempting to account for total body size, because VNO and total body sizes are related. Most descriptions of VNO size and development are not quantified and often ambiguous. Large VNOs in a lineage should not be interpreted necessarily as primitive. Comparisons across smaller taxonomic ranges are easier to interpret. Plethodontid salamanders are a diverse set of species for which VNO descriptions show trends in size associated with habitat, sex, and season. Semiaquatic species tend to have proportionately larger VNOs than terrestrial species, males have larger organs than females, and VNOs can show increases and decreases in size that may be associated with seasonal activities. Salamanders may use their VNOs to locate and identify mates, as part of the courtship sequences, or to identify and assess neighboring territory holders. Microsc. Res. Tech. 41:506–518, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Documenting the Epidemiologic Patterns of Polyomaviruses in Human Populations by Studying Their Presence in Urban Sewage

ABSTRACT This is the first description, to our knowledge, of the distribution of human polyomavirus and simian virus 40 (SV40) in urban sewage. Using a nested-PCR procedure, we report the detection of human polyomaviruses JC virus (JCV) and BK virus (BKV) but not SV40 in a high percentage of urban sewage samples obtained from widely divergent geographical areas in Europe and Africa. For a total of 28 samples analyzed, JCV was detected in 26, BKV was detected in 22, and none was positive for SV40. All geographical areas showed a high prevalence of these viruses with mean estimated values of JC viral particles per ml on the order of 103 in Barcelona (Spain) and Nancy (France) and 102 in Pretoria (South Africa) and Umeå (Sweden) and mean values of BK viral particles on the order of 102 in Pretoria and Barcelona and 101 in Nancy and Umeå. This compares with estimated mean values of 102 to 103 for human adenovirus that was evaluated as a control. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified DNA from some of the samples is also presented and represents the sequence of the most abundant JC and BK viral strains in these samples. The nucleotide sequence of the JCV detected was also analyzed in a phylogenetic study and for genomic characterization in the regulatory region. This study has shown that human polyomaviruses are spread in high concentrations in the sewage of different geographical areas and are present in contaminated environments. The frequency and concentration of JCV detected in the environment and the absence of described animal hosts suggest that JCV may be useful as a marker for fecal pollution of anthropogenic origin. The results also support the idea previously described that the strains of JCV are closely related to the ethnic origin of the population studied. The procedure applied should also be useful in future studies of population patterns of viral excretion and as a tool in epidemiological studies for the detection of changes in the prevalence of specific viral pathogens.
Board Governance and Sustainability Disclosure: A Cross-Sectional Study of Singapore-Listed Companies

This paper aims to investigate the relationship between board governance and sustainability disclosure in Singapore. Regression analysis is performed using cross-sectional data of Singapore-listed companies to examine the relationship between sustainability disclosure and various board governance factors, including board capacity, board independence, and board incentive. The findings show the presence of significant associations between board governance and sustainability disclosure. In terms of board capacity, companies with larger board sizes and a higher number of board meetings are more likely to practice sustainability reporting, and their reporting qualities are higher. For board independence, the percentage of independent directors positively impacts the firm’s reporting probability and quality on sustainability in Singapore. For board incentives, the practice of long-term incentives for executive directors can significantly improve both the probability and quality of sustainability reporting. The study adds to the literature on corporate governance and sustainability disclosure. It provides empirical evidence and guidance for firms and policy-makers in Singapore and beyond on how sustainability disclosure can be improved through robust board governance.
Mediating role of citizen empowerment in the relationship between participatory monitoring and evaluation and social sustainability: a case of Karemo area development programme, Siaya county Kenya.

xiv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background to the study . 1 1.1.1. Social Sustainability . 3 1.1.2. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation . 4 1.1.3. Citizen Empowerment . 6 1.1.4. Demographic factors . 7 1.1.5. Karemo Area Development Programme (ADP) . 7 1.2 Statement of the problem . 8 1.3 Purpose of the Study . 10 1.4 Objectives of the Study . 10 1.5 Research Questions . 11 1.6 Hypotheses of the Study . 11 1.7 Significance of the study . 12 1.8 Delimitations of the Study . 12 1.9 Assumptions of the Study . 14 1.10 Definition of significant terms . 15 1.12 Organisation of the study . 16 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW . 18 2.
Price Transmission in Indian Shrimp Exports

This work attempted to model the structure of a typical time series data of export prices of Indian shrimps to USA. The study also measured the volatility and forecasted the means and variances of Indian shrimp export prices to USA. Based on the availability of data, the black tiger ( Penaeus monodon ), white legged shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) headless, shell on form, grade 16/20 were considered for the study. Weekly price data were collected from price indicators of marine products exports (PRIME) of Marine products Exports Development Authority of India (MPEDA) for 204 weeks. Among the various models used, the results of the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) model yielded a lower RMSE value. Therefore the capacity of EGARCH model to capture asymmetric volatility in comparison to ARIMA, ANN and GARCH was higher. Again the GARCH model was found more suitable to estimate the future values of standard deviation for which the value at risk (VAR) is derived. The predicted standard deviation from GARCH model were compared with standard deviation calculated from the extended data indicated similar results, thus reinforcing that GARCH model is most suitable for predicting volatility. and forecasting. the USA. This research study has examined the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving-Average (ARIMA) model, transfer function, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) models, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH) model and Exponential GARCH (EGARCH) model along with their estimation procedures for modeling and forecasting of two price series, namely Head Less Shell on form of L. vannamei and Head less Shell on Black tiger 16/20 grade weekly export prices to USA from 2011-2014.
Neonatal and adult O4+ oligodendrocyte lineage cells display different growth factor responses and different gene expression patterns

Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. Although the CNS possesses the ability to repair demyelinating insults, in certain cases, such as the chronic lesions found in multiple sclerosis, remyelination fails. Cycling cells capable of becoming oligodendrocytes have been identified in both the developing and the adult mammalian forebrain. Many studies have focused on differences in gene expression profiles as oligodendrocyte progenitors differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes by isolating cells at different developmental stages from animals at a single age. However, few have studied the differences that exist between the progenitors of the neonatal CNS and those of the adult CNS. This study examined the response of neonatal and adult O4+ cells to platelet‐derived growth factor‐AA, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 and revealed marked differences. Whereas adult cells readily differentiated in vitro, the majority of neonatal progenitors remained immature. Microarray analysis was used to examine differences between acutely isolated neonatal and adult progenitors further. Gene expression profiles showed that the adult O4+ cells are more developmentally mature than neonatal cells. Neonatal cells expressed higher levels of genes involved in proliferation. Adult O4+ cells expressed higher levels of transcripts for genes involved in cell death and survival. Therefore, O4+ cells from the adult differ greatly from those of the neonate, and the developmental stage of the animal models utilized must be taken into consideration when applying principles from neonatal systems to the adult. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement with acceptor photobleaching and spectral unmixing

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by acceptor photobleaching is a simple but effective tool for measurements of protein–protein interactions. Until recently, it has been restricted to qualitative or relative assessments owing to the spectral bleed‐through contamination resulting from fluorescence overlap between the donor and the acceptor. In this paper, we report a quantitative algorithm that combines the spectral unmixing technique with FRET by acceptor photobleaching. By spectrally unmixing the emissions before and after photobleaching, it is possible to resolve the spectral bleed‐through and retrieve the FRET efficiency/interaction distance quantitatively. Using a human keratinocyte cell line transfected with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP)‐ and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)‐tagged Cx26 connexins as an example, FRET information at homotypic gap junctions is measured and compared with well‐established methods. Results indicate that the new approach is sensitive, flexible, instrument independent and solely FRET dependent. It can achieve FRET estimations similar to that from a sensitized emission FRET method. This approach has a great advantage in providing the relative concentrations of the donor and the acceptor; this is, for example, very important in the comparative study of cell populations with variable expression levels.
Working capital management and corporate governance: a new pathway for assessing firm performance

ABSTRACT This study reports the relationship of working capital management (WCM) and corporate governance (CG) on firm performance (FP) using system generalized method of moments (SGMM). SGMM controls potential sources of endogeneity. This study uses US listed firms and includes two stages. In the first stage, the individual impact of WCM and CG on FP is examined. In the second stage, the collective effect of WCM and CG on FP is examined. The study finds that efficient WCM and good CG practices do affect FP on both an individual basis and on a collective basis. Therefore, this study recommends that the impact of WCM, being a short-term performance indicator, and CG, being a long-term indicator should be considered collectively in the future while investigating financial FP.
A 25-nm gate-length FinFET transistor module for 32nm node

FinFET is the most promising double-gate transistor architecture [1] to extend scaling over planar device. We present a high-performance and low-power FinFET module at 25 nm gate length. When normalized to the actual fin perimeter, N-FinFET and P-FinFET have 1200 and 915 µA/µm drive current respectively at 100nA/µm leakage under 1V. To our knowledge this is the best FinFET drive current at such scaled gate length. This scaled gate length enables this FinFET transistor for 32nm node insertion. With aggressive fin pitch scaling, the effective transistor width is approximately 1.9X and 2.7X over planar for typical logic and SRAM on the same layout area (i.e., silicon real estate). Due to superior electrostatics and reduced random dopant fluctuation, this high drive current can be readily traded with VDD scaling for low power.
Optimal Portfolio Management When Stocks Are Driven by Mean Reverting Processes

This work presented and solved the problem of portfolio optimization within the context of continuous-time stochastic model of financial variables. It has considered an investment problem of two assets, namely, risk-free assets and risky assets. The evolution of the risk-free asset is described deterministically while the dynamics of the risky asset is described by the geometric mean reversion (GMR) model. The controlled wealth stochastic differential Equation (SDE) and the optimal portfolio problem were successfully formulated and solved with the help of the theory of stochastic control technique where the dynamic programming principle (DPP) and the HJB theory were used. Two utility functions which are members of hyperbolic absolute risk aversion (HARA) family have been employed, and these are power utility and exponential utility. In both cases, the optimal control has explicit form and is wealth dependent Linearization of the logarithmic term in the portfolio problem was necessary for simplification of the problem.
The association of leukocyte phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta overexpression with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

INTRODUCTION An increasing body of evidence has linked diabetes to inflammation. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta (PI3-K delta), a member of the PI3K class IA family, has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation since it is predominantly expressed in leukocytes. To date, no information has been available on the relationship of leukocyte PI3-K delta with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate changes in leukocyte PIK3CD mRNA expression in GDM women and, in turn, to correlate them with anthropometric and metabolic parameters of patients. Additionally, an association between leukocyte mRNA expression of PIK3CD and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood samples from women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 43) and GDM (n = 132) at 24-33 weeks of gestation were collected. After isolating leukocytes from the blood, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine PIK3CD gene expression in these cells. Univariate regression analyses were used to assess an association of leukocyte PIK3CD mRNA level with clinical characteristics of patients as well as with leukocyte SIRT1 mRNA expression. RESULTS Leukocyte PIK3CD mRNA was increased by 1.98-fold in the GDM v. NGT subjects and inversely correlated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) in diabetic pregnancy. There were also significant positive correlations of leukocyte PIK3CD mRNA with plasma glucose concentration at 2h of 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and SIRT1 mRNA in the whole study population (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GDM is accompanied by leukocyte PIK3CD overexpression associated with reduced plasma LDL-C and TC levels, as well as with hyperglycaemia and elevated leukocyte SIRT1 mRNA.
Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND Fluoride mouthrinses have been used extensively as a caries-preventive intervention in school-based programmes and individually at home. OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness and safety of fluoride mouthrinses in the prevention of dental caries in children and to examine factors potentially modifying their effect. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (May 2000), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2000), MEDLINE (1966 to January 2000), plus several other databases. We handsearched journals, reference lists of articles and contacted selected authors and manufacturers. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials with blind outcome assessment, comparing fluoride mouthrinse with placebo or no treatment in children up to 16 years during at least 1 year. The main outcome was caries increment measured by the change in decayed, missing and filled tooth surfaces (D(M)FS). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Inclusion decisions, quality assessment and data extraction were duplicated in a random sample of one third of studies, and consensus achieved by discussion or a third party. Authors were contacted for missing data. The primary measure of effect was the prevented fraction (PF) that is the difference in mean caries increments between the treatment and control groups expressed as a percentage of the mean increment in the control group. Random effects meta-analyses were performed where data could be pooled. Potential sources of heterogeneity were examined in random effects metaregression analyses. MAIN RESULTS Thirty-six studies were included. For the 34 that contributed data for meta-analysis (involving 14,600 children) the D(M)FS pooled PF was 26% (95% confidence interval (CI), 23% to 30%; p < 0.0001). Heterogeneity was not substantial, but confirmed statistically (p = 0.008). No significant association between estimates of D(M)FS prevented fractions and baseline caries severity, background exposure to fluorides, rinsing frequency and fluoride concentration was found in metaregression analyses. A funnel plot of the 34 studies indicated no relationship between prevented fraction and study precision. There is little information concerning possible adverse effects or acceptability of treatment in the included trials. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS This review suggests that the supervised regular use of fluoride mouthrinse at two main strengths and rinsing frequencies is associated with a clear reduction in caries increment in children. In populations with caries increment of 0.25 D(M)FS per year, 16 children will need to use a fluoride mouthrinse (rather than a non-fluoride rinse) to avoid one D(M)FS; in populations with a caries increment of 2.14 D(M)FS per year, 2 children will need to rinse to avoid one D(M)FS. There is a need for complete reporting of side effects and acceptability data in fluoride mouthrinse trials.