Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adaptive user interfaces for relating high-level concepts to low-level photographic parameters

Common controls for photographic editing can be difficult to use and have a significant learning curve. Often, a user does not know a direct mapping from a high-level concept (such as "soft") to the available parameters or controls. In addition, many concepts are subjective in nature, and the appropriate mapping may vary from user to user. To overcome these problems, we propose a system that can quickly learn a mapping from a high-level subjective concept onto low- level image controls using machine learning techniques. To learn such a concept, the system shows the user a series of training images that are generated by modifying a seed image along different dimensions (e.g., color, sharpness), and collects the user ratings of how well each training image matches the concept. Since it is known precisely how each modified example is different from the original, the system can determine the correlation between the user ratings and the image parameters to generate a controller tailored to the concept for the given user. The end result - a personalized image controller - is applicable to a variety of concepts. We have demonstrated the utility of this approach to relate low-level parameters, such as color balance and sharpness, to simple concepts, such as "lightness" and "crispness," as well as more complex and subjective concepts, such as "pleasantness. " We have also applied the proposed approach to relate subband statistics (variance) to perceived roughness of visual textures (from the CUReT database).
Spatial augmented reality support for design of complex physical environments

Effective designs rarely emerge from good structural design or aesthetics alone. It is more often the result of the end product's overall design integrity. Added to this, design is inherently an interdisciplinary collaborative activity. With this in mind, today's tools are not powerful enough to design complex physical environments, such as command control centers or hospital operating theaters. This paper presents the concept of employing projector-based augmented reality techniques to enhance interdisciplinary design processes.
Non-hierarchical Influence of Visual Form, Touch, and Position Cues on Embodiment, Agency, and Presence in Virtual Reality

The concept of self-representation is commonly decomposed into three component constructs (sense of embodiment, sense of agency, and sense of presence), and each is typically investigated separately across different experimental contexts. For example, embodiment has been explored in bodily illusions; agency has been investigated in hypnosis research; and presence has been primarily studied in the context of Virtual Reality (VR) technology. Given that each component involves the integration of multiple cues within and across sensory modalities, they may rely on similar underlying mechanisms. However, the degree to which this may be true remains unclear when they are independently studied. As a first step toward addressing this issue, we manipulated a range of cues relevant to these components of self-representation within a single experimental context. Using consumer-grade Oculus Rift VR technology, and a new implementation of the Virtual Hand Illusion, we systematically manipulated visual form plausibility, visual–tactile synchrony, and visual–proprioceptive spatial offset to explore their influence on self-representation. Our results show that these cues differentially influence embodiment, agency, and presence. We provide evidence that each type of cue can independently and non-hierarchically influence self-representation yet none of these cues strictly constrains or gates the influence of the others. We discuss theoretical implications for understanding self-representation as well as practical implications for VR experiment design, including the suitability of consumer-based VR technology in research settings.
The Open University ’ s repository of research publications and other research outputs Measuring the topical specificity of online communities Conference Item

For community managers and hosts it is not only important to identify the current key topics of a community but also to assess the specificity level of the community for: a) creating sub-communities, and: b) anticipating community behaviour and topical evolution. In this paper we present an approach that empirically characterises the topical specificity of online community forums by measuring the abstraction of semantic concepts discussed within such forums. We present a range of concept abstraction measures that function over concept graphs i.e. resource type-hierarchies and SKOS category structures and demonstrate the efficacy of our method with an empirical evaluation using a ground truth ranking of forums. Our results show that the proposed approach outperforms a random baseline and that resource type-hierarchies work well when predicting the topical specificity of any forum with various abstraction measures.
Rif1 Supports the Function of the CST Complex in Yeast Telomere Capping

Telomere integrity in budding yeast depends on the CST (Cdc13-Stn1-Ten1) and shelterin-like (Rap1-Rif1-Rif2) complexes, which are thought to act independently from each other. Here we show that a specific functional interaction indeed exists among components of the two complexes. In particular, unlike RIF2 deletion, the lack of Rif1 is lethal for stn1ΔC cells and causes a dramatic reduction in viability of cdc13-1 and cdc13-5 mutants. This synthetic interaction between Rif1 and the CST complex occurs independently of rif1Δ-induced alterations in telomere length. Both cdc13-1 rif1Δ and cdc13-5 rif1Δ cells display very high amounts of telomeric single-stranded DNA and DNA damage checkpoint activation, indicating that severe defects in telomere integrity cause their loss of viability. In agreement with this hypothesis, both DNA damage checkpoint activation and lethality in cdc13 rif1Δ cells are partially counteracted by the lack of the Exo1 nuclease, which is involved in telomeric single-stranded DNA generation. The functional interaction between Rif1 and the CST complex is specific, because RIF1 deletion does not enhance checkpoint activation in case of CST-independent telomere capping deficiencies, such as those caused by the absence of Yku or telomerase. Thus, these data highlight a novel role for Rif1 in assisting the essential telomere protection function of the CST complex.
Analysis of Tracking Accuracy for Single-Camera Square-Marker-Based Tracking

In Augmented Reality (AR) applications tracking accuracy plays an important role. Many applications e.g. for measuring purposes or medical environments need accuracy statements which are as precise as possible for the given case. Here we present a tracking accuracy analysis based on simulated ground truth data. We relate our results to previous studies in that field and show the importance of a detailed breakdown of the values of influencing parameters in order to achieve a specific accuracy statement for the given tracking situation. Furthermore we present a possibility of applying such accuracy data.
Improving the Temporal Resolution of Magnetic Induction Tomography for Molten Metal Flow Visualization

Magnetic induction tomography (MIT) is a nondestructive monitoring technique for imaging the electromagnetic properties of an object by mutual induction data of pairs of excitation and sensing coils. MIT has potential application in monitoring of molten metal flow in continuous casting. The main advantage of the MIT for this application is the contactless nature of the measurement process and its potential to generate images with high temporal resolution. Traditionally, the MIT image is formed using one frame of measured data that includes data from all excitation coils. In this paper, we study the improvement of the temporal resolution by reconstructing MIT images using data from one excitation at a time and using the Kalman-filtering approach. The images are presented using experimental data of the MIT system tested in a continuous casting unit. The MIT system used in this study can produce images 8 times faster than before by using new dynamical image reconstruction technique.
Dose-dependent Effects of DNA-damaging Agents on p 53-mediated Cell Cycle Arrest 1

We examined the dose-dependent effects of DNAdamaging agents on G1 arrest in isogenic human cell lines differing in their p53 status. As expected, 5 or 20 Gy of ionizing radiation induced a p53-dependent G1 arrest. In contrast, UV light or actinomycin D induced a modest G1 arrest that was p53-dependent only at lower doses. At higher doses, cells were arrested in G1 in a p53-independent manner coinciding with inhibition of RNA synthesis and abolished cyclin E expression. Interestingly, expression of cyclin E was enhanced after exposure to moderate doses of UV light and actinomycin D, and this enhancement was suppressed by wild-type p53. We propose that agents inducing transcription-blocking DNA lesions will at higher doses inhibit the progression of cells into S phase by a p53independent mechanism involving the attenuation of E2F-mediated transcription of genes, such as cyclin E.
On Distance between Deep Syntax and Semantic Representation

We present a comparison of two formalisms for representing natural language utterances, namely deep syntactical Tectogrammatical Layer of Functional Generative Description (FGD) and a semantic formalism, MultiNet. We discuss the possible position of MultiNet in the FGD framework and present a preliminary mapping of representational means of these two formalisms.
Effect of Educational Intervention on Empowering the Sense of Empathy in Medical Students: Application of Health Belief Model

Background and Objectives Empathy is one of the main skills in establishing a relationship between physicians and patients, and in order to increase this sense in students, it is necessary to introduce systematic and active programs into medical education. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of an educational intervention based on a health belief model on empowering the sense of empathy in medical students. Methods This was a quasi-experimental intervention conducted on two groups of 80 medical students involved in the internship program from Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Sampling was done randomly, and the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups, experimental and control. In the pre-test phase, all students completed a three-dimensional questionnaire including demographic data; a valid, reliable, and standardized Jefferson empathy questionnaire; and a section comprising questions designed by the researcher based on the constructs of the health belief model. Educational intervention was conducted only for the experimental group. To measure the results of educational intervention, the standardized patient questionnaires and the questionnaires completed by the students were used. Data were analyzed by means of frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, ANOVA, and independent t-tests. Results Before the intervention, the two groups were similar and comparable in terms of demographic variables. After the intervention, there was a significant difference in the mean scores of perceived susceptibility (P < 0.001) and perceived severity (P = 0.002) between the two groups. The mean scores of perceived barriers and perceived benefits were significant among the two groups (P < 0.001). In addition, there were significant differences in the constructs of self-efficacy and cues to action three months after intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions Training based on the health belief model was effective in empowering the sense of empathy among medical students. Training on empathy skills is recommended in order to increase patient satisfaction, promote health outcomes, and increase job satisfaction among physicians.
Quality of care among obese patients.

CONTEXT Clinicians often have negative attitudes toward obesity and express dissatisfaction in caring for obese patients. Moreover, obese patients often feel that clinicians are biased or disrespectful because of their weight. These observations raise the concern that obese patients may receive lower quality of care. OBJECTIVE To determine whether performance on common outpatient quality measures differs by patient weight status. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Eight different performance measures were examined in 2 national-level patient populations: (1) Medicare beneficiaries (n = 36 122) using data from the Medicare Beneficiary Survey (1994-2006); and (2) recipients of care from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) (n = 33 550) using data from an ongoing performance-evaluation program (2003-2004). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Performance measures among eligible patients for diabetes care (eye examination, glycated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)] testing, and lipid screening), pneumococcal vaccination, influenza vaccination, screening mammography, colorectal cancer screening, and cervical cancer screening. Measures were based on a combination of administrative claims, survey, and chart review data. RESULTS We found no evidence that obese or overweight patients were less likely to receive recommended care relative to normal-weight patients. Moreover, success rates were marginally higher for obese and/or overweight patients on several measures. The most notable differentials were observed for recommended diabetes care among Medicare beneficiaries: comparing obese vs normal-weight patients with diabetes, obese patients were more likely to receive recommended care on lipid screening (72% vs 65%; odds ratio, 1.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.73]) and HbA(1c) testing (74% vs 62%; odds ratio, 1.73 [95% confidence interval, 1.41-2.11]). All analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, health status, clinical complexity, and visit frequency. CONCLUSIONS Among samples of patients from the Medicare and VHA populations, there was no evidence across 8 performance measures that obese or overweight patients received inferior care when compared with normal-weight patients. Being obese or overweight was associated with a marginally higher rate of recommended care on several measures.
Independent Component Ensemble of EEG for Brain–Computer Interface

Recently, successful applications of independent component analysis (ICA) to electroencephalographic (EEG) signals have yielded tremendous insights into brain processes that underlie human cognition. Many studies have further established the feasibility of using independent processes to elucidate human cognitive states. However, various technical problems arise in the building of an online brain-computer interface (BCI). These include the lack of an automatic procedure for selecting independent components of interest (ICi) and the potential risk of not obtaining a desired ICi. Therefore, this study proposes an ICi-ensemble method that uses multiple classifiers with ICA processing to improve upon existing algorithms. The mechanisms that are used in this ensemble system include: 1) automatic ICi selection; 2) extraction of features of the resultant ICi; 3) the construction of parallel pipelines for effectively training multiple classifiers; and a 4) simple process that combines the multiple decisions. The proposed ICi-ensemble is demonstrated in a typical BCI application, which is the monitoring of participants' cognitive states in a realistic sustained-attention driving task. The results reveal that the proposed ICi-ensemble outperformed the previous method using a single ICi with ~ 7% (91.6% versus 84.3%) in the cognitive state classification. Additionally, the proposed ICi-ensemble method that characterizes the EEG dynamics of multiple brain areas favors the application of BCI in natural environments.
A Learning-Based Quantization: Estimation of Onset Times in a Musical Score

This paper describes a method for organizing onset times of musical notes performed along a jam-session accompaniment into the normalized (quantized) positions in a score. The purpose of this study is to align onset times of a session recording to quantized positions so the performance data can be stored in a reusable form. Unlike most previous beat-tracking-related methods focusing on predicting or estimating beat positions, our method deals with the problem of eliminating the onset-time deviations under the condition that the beat positions are given. To quantize polyphonic MIDI recordings of jam session, we propose a method that uses hidden Markov models for modeling onset-time transition and deviation. Its main advantage is that a player’s performance is quantized using a model learned statistically from session recordings of that player. Experimental results show that our model performs better than the semi-automatic quantization in commercial sequencing software.
SYNERGISTIC USE OF SCATTEROMETER AND SCANSAR DATA FOR EXTRACTION OF SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE INFORMATION IN AUSTRALIA

The potential of the ERS-1/2 scatterometer global soil moisture product has been shown in several studies. The ASCAT sensor on-board the METOP satellite is extending the 16 year time series of the ERS-1/2 scatterometer as a source for extracting information for ocean and land applications. Calibrated ASCAT data will continue the scatterometer global soil moisture archive while improving both the spatial and temporal resolution. A disaggregation scheme for spatial downscaling of the ASCAT soil moisture product, using a temporal stability analysis of medium resolution ScanSAR data from the ENVISAT ASAR sensor, has been developed. Furthermore, by transferring the change detection algorithm from the scatterometer to the ScanSAR data, also a 1 km Surface Soil Moisture product has been derived. The disaggregated scatterometer soil moisture product is evaluated in conjunction with the 1 km Surface Soil Moisture product in Australia. The influence of land cover on the performance of the products is considered. Both high resolution products perform best in areas with less dense vegetation, such as agricultural lands and crop land. In areas with a dense vegetation canopy or deserts, the uncertainties in the extracted soil moisture values are large. The disaggregated product, while implicitly taking into account effects of land cover and surface roughness at different scales, provide a statistical approach to downscale regional soil moisture measurements to a finer spatial scale.
Clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism: conceptualisation and methods

Introduction. This article addresses clickbait as a strategy of viral journalism that seeks to lure users into clicking on a link to a page through tactics such as sensationalist stories and eye-catching headlines that work as bait. This research aims to provide a more complete definition of this phenomenon, as well as a characterisation of the variables associated with it. Methods. In its empirical phase, the study resorts to content analysis to check for the presence of clickbait strategies in 2,266 news stories posted on Facebook and Twitter by El País and El Mundo. Results. The research detected a high presence of clickbait content in both newspapers (41.6% on average), as well as the prevalence of techniques such as: incomplete information, pre-eminence of soft news, repetition and serialisation, and use of hyperboles. Discussion. The scarcity of research on clickbait requires the intensification of the analysis of its evolution and the monitoring of its consequences on the quality of the news circulating on social networks.
Optimization Approaches in the Routine Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies by Capillary Electrophoresis

www.chromatographyonline. com Electrophoretic techniques, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) and isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels, have traditionally been part of release testing in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, these slab gel methods are inconvenient and irreproducible because of the staining/destaining steps used in analyte detection, the use of toxic reagents and high intraand inter-gel effective mobility variability. As a result, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods such as capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulphate (CE–SDS), capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) have emerged as practical replacements of the slab gel format for many applications in biotechnology In addition, with the advances made in reagents and commercially available instrumentation, CE has expanded its important role in biopharmaceutical analysis by providing complementary information of the physicochemical attributes of therapeutic proteins in terms of charge, hydrophobicity and size. Furthermore, with respect to quality control (QC) laboratories, CE has become an integral part of the specifications of therapeutic proteins. The QC specifications consist of a selected list of methods with relevant acceptance criteria, ensuring the safety, identity, purity and composition of a drug substance and drug product. This “CE Currents” describes the advances in three CE applications for the analysis of protein-based pharmaceuticals, and their role in the overall QC specifications at Genentech Inc. The first application illustrates the optimization of a generic and quantitative CE–SDS assay with LIF detection with improved accuracy and precision to assess the size heterogeneity of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs). The second section focuses on the use of imaged CIEF to determine charge heterogeneity of rMAbs. The third section focuses on the practical applications of interfacing CE to mass spectrometry (MS) for the profiling of rMAb glycosylation. Finally, we summarize in the last section additional considerations to be taken with respect to CE training and instrument maintenance to ensure high success rates while applying these practical and complex methods in a routine QC laboratory.
Diffusive Corrections to PN Approximations

In this paper, we investigate moment methods from a general point of view using an operator notation. This theoretical approach lets us explore the moment closure problem in more detail. This gives rise to a new idea, proposed in Levermore [Transition Regime Models for Radiative Transport, Presentation at the Institute for Pure & Applied Mathematics: Grand Challenge Problems in Computational Astrophysics, Workshop on Transfer Phenomena, 2005, http://www.ipam. ucla.edu/publications/pcaws4/pcaws4_5724. pdf, and Moment Closures for Radiative Transport, manuscript, 2009], of how to improve the well-known $P_N$ approximations. We systematically develop a diffusive correction to the $P_N$ equations from the operator formulation—the so-called $D_N$ approximation. We validate the new approach with numerical examples in one and two dimensions.