Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unintended consequences: social policy, state institutions and the ‘stalling’ of the Malaysian industrialization project

Abstract This paper examines the relation of particular forms of social and labour market policy to economic development. Taking the history of Malaysian industrialization as its empirical case, the paper assesses the unintended consequences of redistribution policy, on the one hand, and migration policy, on the other, for the limited upgrading of the country's electronics industry. It argues that, while the former has been central to social harmony in Malaysia's multi-racial society, it has contributed to the underdevelopment of small and medium-sized firms capable of linking with the TNCs on the basis of knowledge-intensive and higher value-added operations. Migration policy, on the other hand, has allowed manufacturers to have continued access to supplies of low-cost, lower-skilled labour that have released the pressures that would otherwise have been there for technological and skill upgrading in the electronics industry. Only in Penang, where regional state institutions have intervened to encourage SME upgrading, has the national picture been moderated. Malaysia's industrialization project emerged at time when export competition in manufactured commodities was less intense than it is now. Largely as a result of federal government priorities and for other reasons explored in the paper, advantage was not taken of this ‘window of opportunity’. As a consequence, the country's industrialization project – exemplified by its electronics industry – is now ‘stalling’ in the sense that it remains locked into low- to medium-technology operations. With the rise of China as a manufacturing exporter, this is a dangerous situation for a country's principal industry to be in.
AutoimmunityTo Control Th17 Cells and Severe Production of Protective Self-Reactive IgM TLR9 in Peritoneal B-1b Cells Is Essential for

The role of TLR9 in the development of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus is controversial. In different mouse models of the disease, loss of TLR9 abolishes the generation of anti-nucleosome IgG autoantibodies but at the same time exacerbates lupus disease. However, the TLR9-dependent tolerance mechanism is unknown. In this study, we show that loss of TLR9 is associated with low peritoneal B-1b cell numbers and low levels of protective self-reactive IgM serum autoantibodies in lupus-prone Fc g RIIB-deﬁcient mice leading to the uncontrolled accumulation of proinﬂammatory CD4 + cells and exacerbated autoimmunity. TLR7 signaling was not able to compensate for the loss of TLR9 signaling in peritoneal B-1b cells to induce IgM Abs. Transfer of TLR9-expressing peritoneal B-1b cells from Fc g RIIB-deﬁcient mice or of recombinant monoclonal self-reactive IgM Abs was sufﬁcient to reduce the frequency of proinﬂammatory Th17 cells and lupus disease in Fc g RIIB/TLR9 double-deﬁcient mice. Taken together, these data provide evidence for a TLR9-dependent tolerance mechanism of peritoneal B-1b cells generating protective self-reactive IgM in lupus-prone mice to control Th17 cell development and severe autoimmunity. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 187: 2953–2965.
Teachers and Schools as Agencies of Values Education: reflections on teachers’ perceptions Part Two: the hidden curriculum

Abstract This is the second of a two‐part survey of a project conducted over a two‐year period with teachers in Scottish schools with support from the Gordon Cook Foundation. In the first part of this article it was concluded that the difficulties which teachers encountered in the course of their attempts to conceptualise a satisfactory alternative view of the moral role of the teacher to those ofpaternalism andliberalism may have stemmed from rather uncritical subscription to a crude ethics of consensus inadequate to address certain higher‐order questions and issues of ethical and educational principle. In this second part, it is argued that broadly analogous consensualist assumptions about the nature of moral life were the source of similarly unsatisfactory attempts to deal with problems about the hidden curriculum.
Multidimensional Anxiety and Content-specificity Effects in Preferential Processing of Threat

We examined the relative contribution of specific components of multidimensional anxiety to cognitive biases in the processing of threat-related information in three experiments. Attentional bias was assessed by the emotional Stroop word color-naming task, interpretative bias by an on-line inference processing task, and explicit memory bias by sensitivity (d') and response criterion (β) from word-recognition scores. Multiple regression analyses revealed, first, that phobic anxiety and evaluative anxiety predicted selective attention to physical- and ego-threat information, respectively; cognitive anxiety predicted selective attention to both types of threat. Second, phobic anxiety predicted inhibition of inferences related to physically threatening outcomes of ambiguous situations. And, third, evaluative anxiety predicted a response bias, rather than a genuine memory bias, in the reporting of presented and nonpresented ego-threat information. Other anxiety components, such as motor and physiological anxie.
Relationship Quality in Marital and Cohabiting Unions across Europe.

In this study, the authors used data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Survey to investigate relationship quality among currently married and cohabiting individuals ages 18 to 55 (N = 41,760) in 8 European countries (Bulgaria, France, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Romania, Russia, and The Netherlands). They expected to find fewer differences between cohabitation and marriage in countries where cohabitation is widespread. Controlling for a range of selection characteristics of respondents and their partners (e.g., common children, union duration, and education), the analyses showed that in all countries cohabiters more often had breakup plans and were less satisfied with their relationships than individuals who married. This cohabitation gap in relationship quality was largest in Russia, Romania, and Germany, which indeed were among the countries in the current sample where cohabitation was least prevalent.
Young People, Schools, Sport and Government Policies

Abstract This paper compares the policies and assumptions in Sport: Raising the Game, with the findings of three recent national surveys. These show, contrary to the assumptions in the government policy statement, that England's schools have been increasing, not cutting back on their sports teaching and facilities, and that young people are now playing more sport in and out of school than in earlier decades. Also, the drop‐out rate in late‐adolescence has declined substantially over the last generation which seems to be due mainly to the spread of community provisions rather than the school‐club links whose importance is emphasised in the policy statement. This statement makes no reference to equal opportunities, which may be considered justified by the research findings that social class differences have become blurred, that girls now receive equal treatment in school sport, and the persistence of sex differences in out of school participation is caused by the sexes’ prior orientations rather than their .
Toward a Typology of Vowel Harmony

The term 'vowel harmony' has been used to cover multitudes of phenomena. Besides the classical Altaic and Finno-Ugric instances, Chiri calls certain constraints in the additional vowels in the possessed forms of nouns in Ainu, a language isolate in northeastern Japan, a result of boin cyoowa (vowel harmony),2 and Robins reports that in Yurok, an Algonkian (or Algic) language of northwestern California, there is vowel harmony and as a result certain pronominal prefixes have the same vowel as that of the nonprefixed noun.3 The purpose of this note is to examine the possibility of arriving at a tentative framework for typological classification of vowel harmony. I will proceed by collecting some of the phenomena labeled as vowel harmony rather than by defining what vowel harmony should be. The first possible criterion is the DISTINCTIVE FEATURES which are in harmony or identically specified within certain boundaries. Some of the classificatory frames are already available, an example being the distinction of TOTAL (or COMPLETE) and PARTIAL
Load balancing utilizing data redundancy in distributed volume rendering

In interactive volume rendering, the cost for rendering a certain block of the volume strongly varies with dynamically changing parameters (most notably the camera position and orientation). In distributed environments — wherein each compute device renders one block — this potentially causes severe load-imbalance. Balancing the load usually induces costly data transfers causing critical rendering delays. In cases in which the sum of memory of all devices substantially exceeds the size of the data set, transfers can be reduced by storing data redundantly. We propose to partition the volume into many equally sized bricks and redundantly save them on different compute devices with the goal of being able to achieve evenly balanced load without any data transfers. The bricks assigned to a device are widely scattered throughout the volume. This minimizes the dependency on the view parameters, as the distribution of relatively cheap and expensive bricks stays roughly the same for most camera configurations. This again enables our fast and simple scheduler to evenly balance the load in almost any situation. In scenarios in which only very few bricks constitute the majority of the overall cost a brick can also be partitioned further and rendered by multiple devices.
The use of oxidized zirconium alloy in knee arthroplasty

Polyethylene wear is a key contributor to long-term failure in total knee arthroplasty. Oxidized zirconium alloy was created as a bearing surface for total joint arthroplasty in an attempt to address this concern. Oxidized zirconium has shown considerable improvements over existing materials in several key areas related to component longevity, including resistance to roughening, wear reduction, frictional behavior and biocompatibility. This review aims to summarize the current use of oxidized zirconium alloy in knee arthroplasty, as well as the possible advantages and downsides of this material.
Effect of high dietary restraint on energy availability and menstrual status.

INTRODUCTION Dietary restraint (DR) is a key eating behavior associated with menstrual disturbances (MD) in exercising women. However, the association between DR and energy availability (EA) has not been examined. PURPOSES The objective of this study is 1) to compare EA in women when categorized by DR score, to include an evaluation of the frequency of women with low EA, and 2) to compare the distribution of subclinical and clinical MD between DR groups. METHODS Exercising women (23 ± 4 yr; body mass index, 21.1 ± 1.9 kg·m; and exercise volume, 333 ± 198 min·wk) were retrospectively categorized by DR score into two groups: 1) women with high DR (n = 30) and 2) women with normal DR (n = 56). DR scores were obtained from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. High DR score was defined as ≥13. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. EA was defined as energy intake - exercise energy expenditure per kilogram lean body mass (LBM). Low EA was defined as <30 kcal·kg LBM. Menstrual status was determined using daily urinary samples assayed for reproductive hormones. RESULTS EA was lower in the high DR versus the normal DR group (35.0 ± 12.9 vs 42.0 ± 12.9 kcal·kg LBM, P = 0.018). There was no difference (P = 0.866) in frequency of low EA between DR groups. There was a greater frequency of MD (amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, anovulation, or luteal phase defect) in the high DR group (21/28, 75.0%) versus the normal DR group (24/47, 51.1%) (χ = 4.2, P = 0.041). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that exercising women with high DR exhibited lower EA and a greater frequency of MD (subclinical and clinical) compared with women with normal DR. However, high DR was not associated with low EA in exercising women.
Sum rate maximization in multi-operator two-way relay networks with a MIMO AF relay via POTDC

We address the beamforming problem for maximizing the sum rate of a multi-operator two-way relay (TWR) network subject to the constraint on the total relay transmit power. This scenario is also known as relay sharing for multi-way relaying or TWR for multiple operators. The relay is assumed to be equipped with multiple antennas, and it uses the amplify-and-forward relaying strategy. It is shown that the corresponding optimization problem can be represented as a difference of convex functions (DC) programming problem which is NP-hard in general. Nevertheless, we develop an efficient polynomial time algorithm to solve the problem approximately. The performance comparison of the proposed polynomial time DC (POTDC) inspired algorithm to the existing state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing algorithms especially in the case of non-symmetric networks.
Employee and Customer Perceptions of Service in Banks.

This research was partially supported by the organizations in which the study was accomplished; we thank them for their financial and psychological assistance. Bruce Katcher and Hannah Hirsh helped with some of the analyses reported herein. Our colleagues Phil Bobko, Pete Dachler, Irv Goldstein, Nancy Jagmin, Janina Latack, and John Slocum helped us with their valuable comments on an earlier version of this article.
Data compression by the recursive algorithm of exponential bidirectional associative memory

A novel data compression algorithm utilizing the histogram and the high-capacity exponential bidirectional associative memory (eBAM) is presented. Since eBAM has been proved to possess high capacity and fault tolerance, it is suitable to be utilized in the data compression using the table-lookup scheme. The histogram approach is employed to extract the feature vectors in the given data. The result of the simulation of the proposed algorithm turns out to be better than the traditional methods.
Improving Topic Coherence with Latent Feature Word Representations in MAP Estimation for Topic Modeling

Probabilistic topic models are widely used to discover latent topics in document collections, while latent feature word vectors have been used to obtain high performance in many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. In this paper, we present a new approach by incorporating word vectors to directly optimize the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation in a topic model. Preliminary results show that the word vectors induced from the experimental corpus can be used to improve the assignments of topics to words.
Análise da Rede de Coautoria do Simpósio Brasileiro de Bancos de Dados

Este artigo apresenta uma analise da rede de coautoria do Simposio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados (SBBD) que em 2010 completou 25 anos de existencia, consolidando-se como o maior e mais importante evento da America Latina para apresentacao e discussao de resultados de pesquisa relacionados a area de bancos de dados. Para isso, coletamos dados bibliogra cos de todas as suas 25 edicoes e apresentamos uma serie de estatisticas, tais como media de artigos por autor, media de artigos por edicao, media de coautores por artigo, entre outras. Alem disso, construimos e analisamos a rede de coautoria do SBBD, fazendo uma analise tanto de suas caracteristicas estruturais quanto de sua evolucao temporal. Mostramos, ainda, que a rede em questao segue um fenomeno tipico de diversas outras redes sociais, conhecido como mundo pequeno.
About Quantum Factorization

This paper is written in connection with an exam project in the course Mathematical Aspects of Cryptology, spring 2006. It covers the quantum prime factoring algorithm which was first presented by Shor [7]. First, we give the reduction from prime factoring to order finding. Secondly, we present an efficient quantum algorithm for the order finding problem.
Secondary siRNAs Result from Unprimed RNA Synthesis and Form a Distinct Class

In Caenorhabditis elegans, an effective RNA interference (RNAi) response requires the production of secondary short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by RNA-directed RNA polymerases (RdRPs). We cloned secondary siRNAs from transgenic C. elegans lines expressing a single 22-nucleotide primary siRNA. Several secondary siRNAs start a few nucleotides downstream of the primary siRNA, indicating that non–RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)–cleaved mRNAs are substrates for secondary siRNA production. In lines expressing primary siRNAs with single-nucleotide mismatches, secondary siRNAs do not carry the mismatch but contain the nucleotide complementary to the mRNA. We infer that RdRPs perform unprimed RNA synthesis. Secondary siRNAs are only of antisense polarity, carry 5′ di- or triphosphates, and are only in the minority associated with RDE-1, the RNAi-specific Argonaute protein. Therefore, secondary siRNAs represent a distinct class of small RNAs. Their biogenesis depends on RdRPs, and we propose that each secondary siRNA is an individual RdRP product.
Analysis and Robust Extraction of Changing Named Entities

This paper focuses on the change of named entities over time and its influence on the performance of the named entity tagger. First, we analyze Japanese named entities which appear in Mainichi Newspaper articles published in 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998 and 2005. This analysis reveals that the number of named entity types and the number of named entity tokens are almost steady over time and that 70 ~ 80% of named entity types in a certain year occur in the articles published either in its succeeding year or in its preceding year. These facts lead that 20 ~ 30% of named entity types are replaced with new ones every year. The experiment against these texts shows that our proposing semi-supervised method which combines a small annotated corpus and a large unannotated corpus for training works robustly although the traditional supervised method is fragile against the change of name entity distribution.
Error of Measurement in Longitudinal Designs: Defining, Identifying, and Correcting for Specific Error and Transient Error1

This manuscript addresses errors of measurement that exist in cross-sectional research, but that are not readily recognized unless longitudinal data are collected. Both specific and transient errors of measurement are defined, a method of identifying them if they exist is presented, a method of correcting for them is presented, and their implications for longitudinal data analysis are briefly discussed.
Racism After 'Race Relations'

Part 1: The Concept of Racism 1. Apropos the Idea of "Race". Again 2. Nationalism and Racism - Antithesis and Articulation 3. The Civilization and Racialization of the Interior. Part 2: Migration Theory and History 4. Theorisizing Migration - Possibilities and Problems 5. Migration History and British Racisms 6. Racializing Subjects and Aliens. Part 3: European Perspectives 7. Intergrating Immigrants in Europe? 8. Migration and the Nation State - Contradictions and Transformation.
Learning to rank by aggregating expert preferences

We present a general treatment of the problem of aggregating preferences from several experts into a consensus ranking, in the context where information about a target ranking is available. Specifically, we describe how such problems can be converted into a standard learning-to-rank one on which existing learning solutions can be invoked. This transformation allows us to optimize the aggregating function for any target IR metric, such as Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain, or Expected Reciprocal Rank. When applied to crowdsourcing and meta-search benchmarks, our new algorithm improves on state-of-the-art preference aggregation methods.
Improving Cycling Performance: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Increases Time to Exhaustion in Cycling

The central nervous system seems to have an important role in fatigue and exercise tolerance. Novel noninvasive techniques of neuromodulation can provide insights on the relationship between brain function and exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on physical performance and physiological and perceptual variables with regard to fatigue and exercise tolerance. Eleven physically active subjects participated in an incremental test on a cycle simulator to define peak power output. During 3 visits, the subjects experienced 3 stimulation conditions (anodal, cathodal, or sham tDCS—with an interval of at least 48 h between conditions) in a randomized, counterbalanced order to measure the effects of tDCS on time to exhaustion at 80% of peak power. Stimulation was administered before each test over 13 min at a current intensity of 2.0 mA. In each session, the Brunel Mood State questionnaire was given twice: after stimulation and after the time-to-exhaustion test. Further, during the tests, the electromyographic activity of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles, perceived exertion, and heart rate were recorded. RM-ANOVA showed that the subjects performed better during anodal primary motor cortex stimulation (491 ± 100 s) compared with cathodal stimulation (443 ± 11 s) and sham (407 ± 69 s). No significant difference was observed between the cathodal and sham conditions. The effect sizes confirmed the greater effect of anodal M1 tDCS (anodal x cathodal = 0.47; anodal x sham = 0.77; and cathodal x sham = 0.29). Magnitude-based inference suggested the anodal condition to be positive versus the cathodal and sham conditions. There were no differences among the three stimulation conditions in RPE (p = 0.07) or heart rate (p = 0.73). However, as hypothesized, RM- ANOVA revealed a main effect of time for the two variables (RPE and HR: p < 0.001). EMG activity also did not differ during the test accross the different conditions. We conclude that anodal tDCS increases exercise tolerance in a cycling-based, constant-load exercise test, performed at 80% of peak power. Performance was enhanced in the absence of changes in physiological and perceptual variables.
Estimating brain conductivities and dipole source signals with EEG arrays

Techniques based on electroencephalography (EEG) measure the electric potentials on the scalp and process them to infer the location, distribution, and intensity of underlying neural activity. Accuracy in estimating these parameters is highly sensitive to uncertainty in the conductivities of the head tissues. Furthermore, dissimilarities among individuals are ignored when standardized values are used. In this paper, we apply the maximum-likelihood and maximum a posteriori (MAP) techniques to simultaneously estimate the layer conductivity ratios and source signal using EEG data. We use the classical 4-sphere model to approximate the head geometry, and assume a known dipole source position. The accuracy of our estimates is evaluated by comparing their standard deviations with the Crame/spl acute/r-Rao bound (CRB). The applicability of these techniques is illustrated with numerical examples on simulated EEG data. Our results show that the estimates have low bias and attain the CRB for sufficiently large number of experiments. We also present numerical examples evaluating the sensitivity to imprecise assumptions on the source position and skull thickness. Finally, we propose extensions to the case of unknown source position and present examples for real data.