Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associated with Protein Glycosylation Disorders in Mammals

Protein glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification that confers both struc‐ tural and functional properties to the molecules [1]. There are several types of glycosylation with various carbohydrate structures, and biosynthesis of each sugar chain, in general, is an elaborate process of addition and processing of carbohydrates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, where a number of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases are involved in these reactions. Glycoprotein degradation, on the other hand, requires many hydrolases to act on carbohydrates and involves intracellular transport of both glycosidases and their sub‐ strate glycoproteins. Collectively, enzymes that modulate glycoprotein carbohydrates dur‐ ing their biosynthesis and degradation are called glycoenzymes, which play critical roles in maintaining cellular structure and function. Biosynthesis of carbohydrate moieties of glyco‐ proteins, unlike that of DNA, RNA, or proteins, is a template-independent reaction, that is, their structures are not directly encoded by genes. However, they reflect biochemical reac‐ tions catalyzed by glycoenzymes expressed in a cell. In other words, structural integrity of carbohydrates is indirectly determined by a large number of genes coding for glycoen‐ zymes. Therefore, mutations in any of these enzymes that affect the structures and functions of glycoproteins will cause deleterious effects on cellular activities.
The Evolution and Behavior of the Non-metallic Inclusions During the RH Refining Process

Two sets of RH furnaces were taken as the main objects.The specimens were sampled at different refining times.The composition,content,and size distribution of the inclusions in steels were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope,SEM and EDS,and the collision,growth and removal of the inclusions during RH refining process were discussed.The results showed that the inclusion removal was very obvious during RH refining process,and almost no inclusion with the dimension more than 10 μm were observed after the soft blowing.With the increase of refining time,the average size of inclusions changed little,however the amount of inclusions significantly decreased.The area ratio of inclusions in two type steels increased at first and then reduced.In Si-Mn deoxidized steels,silicate inclusions had a certain capacity of the sulphur,the dual layer inclusions were therefore easier to form with the surface of sulphur-rich phase and the inner core of silicate phase.As the strong mixture of the liquid steel in RH vacuum chamber,solid inclusions were always captured by the liquid calcium aluminate and formed a typical inlaid feature.
Effect of Surface Deposits on Nitriding Layer Formation of Active Screen Plasma Nitriding

Austenitic stainless steel SUS 316L was nitrided by active-screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) to investigate the effect of surface deposits from the screen on the nitriding layer formation. ASPN experiments were carried out using a DC plasma-nitriding unit. The sample was placed on the sample stage in a oating potential (bias-off) and a cathodic potential (bias-on). The screen, which was SUS 316L expanded metal with 38% open area ratio, was mounted on the cathodic stage around the sample stage. Nitriding was performed in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere with 25% N2 + 75% H2 for 18–180 ks at 673 K under 200 Pa by the ASPN process. After nitriding, the nitrided samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers microhardness and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. From the surface observation of the nitrided sample, deposits were observed on the top surface of the sample nitrided with bias-off whereas deposits were not on that nitrided with bias-on. The nitrogen-expanded austenite (S phase) was formed on the surface of both samples. Layer thickness of the S phase increased with increasing the nitriding time. Additionally, the degree of an increase of the layer thickness of the S phase nitrided with bias-on was approximately 2.5 times greater than that nitrided with bias-off. This result suggests that the ASPN treatment with bias-on is effective for the increase of the nitriding layer thickness. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2016209]
Visible Light-Driven Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Ruthenium Complexes Markus

A shift in energy dependence from fossil fuels to sustainable and carbon-neutral alternatives is a daunting challenge that faces the human society. Light harvesting for the production of solar fuels has been extensively investigated as an attractive approach to clean and abundant energy. An essential component in solar energy conversion schemes is a catalyst for water oxidation. Ruthenium-based catalysts have received significant attention due to their ability to efficiently mediate the oxidation of water. In this context, the design of robust catalysts capable of driving water oxidation at low overpotential is a key challenge for realizing efficient visible light-driven water splitting. Herein, recent progress in the development within this field is presented with a focus on homogeneous ruthenium-based systems and surface-immobilized ruthenium assemblies for photo-induced oxidation of water.
Blind subspace-based uplink receiver algorithm for wideband CDMA

We derive a blind subspace-based receiver algorithm suitable for asynchronous wideband CDMA with periodic codes in dispersive multipath channels. The algorithm is roughly equivalent to a previously presented algorithm by Wang and Poor (see IEEE Tr. Comm., no.1, 1998), but is often computationally more efficient. The algorithm is readily extended to multicode and multirate systems.
A Model for identification of Length of Longest Common Subsequence by SRLCS

Common Sequence problem is the most fundamental task in Computational Biology. This is not only a classical problem but also a challenging problem in bio sequences application. Many algorithms are being developed and these are discussed in terms of resource utilization efficiency. This paper proposes a model based on SRLCS algorithm (11) to obtain the possible length of Longest Common Sequence (LCS). The model accounts the length of the sequences under consideration, the identity and similarity between them. The model is obtained by regressing the LCS results on the training data set by SRLCS. The model so obtained is a simple linear expression which gives the predicted length of LCS. The possible Length of LCS between the given sequences is a sufficient heuristic for biologists in decision making. Often such a result is useful while working on homology finding.
Energy-efficient spectrum sensing for cognitive sensor networks

We consider a combined sleeping and censoring scheme for energy-efficient spectrum sensing in cognitive sensor networks. We analyze the detection performance of this scheme by theoretically deriving the global probabilities of detection and false-alarm. Our goal is to minimize the energy consumption incurred in distributed sensing, given constraints on the global probabilities of detection and false-alarm, by optimally designing the sleeping rate and the censoring thresholds. Using specific transceiver models for sensors based on IEEE 802.15. 4/ZigBee, we show the energy savings achieved under an optimum choice of the design parameters.
IMPACTS OF SILVICULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE GROUND LIVING-SPIDER COMMUNITY (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF MIXED MOUNTAIN FORESTS IN THE CHIEMGAU ALPS (GERMANY)

JUNKER E.A. , RATSCHKER U.M. , ROTH M. : Impacts of silvicultural practice on the ground livingspider community (Arachnida: Araneae) of mixed mountain forests in the Chiemgau Alps (Germany). In GAJDO P., PEKÁR S. (eds): Proceedings of the 18th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Stará Lesná, 1999. Ekológia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, Supplement 3/2000, p. 107-117. Investigations of long-term effects of clear-cutting, as well as slight and heavy shelterwood cutting, on soil-dwelling spiders were carried out in the mixed mountain forest of the Bavarian Alps. The experimental design included 4 plots (each of 0.5 ha): a control area (0) without intervention, and three plots, submitted in 1976 to different degrees of canopy opening. Slight (30) or heavy (50) shelterwood cutting resulted in a 30 or 50% reduction of basal area. On the clear-cut area (100) trees were completely removed. On each variant a subplot was fenced (Z) subsequently to silvicultural practice in order to prevent cattle and deer from entering. Spiders were collected 22 years after the management by pitfall traps (PT: n=9) from April 1998 to April 1999. A total of 9750 spiders (97 species, 19 families) was collected, among them 23 Araneae listed in the Red Data Book of Germany and/or Bavaria. Small-sized species of Linyphiidae dominated the spider fauna on each plot. The portion of Lycosidae increased with increasing shelterwood cutting and reached maximum values (18.9%) on 50. The spider community reached its maximum biodiversity on clear-cuts, while the number of specimens as well as the biomass was lowest at these sites. Highest numbers of specimens were found on the unfenced slightly-cut shelterwood plot (30), and the highest biomass on the unfenced plot of heavily-cut shelterwood (50). The Quotient of Similarity (QS), according to Soerensen, decreased with increasing shelterwood cutting and was lowest between 0/Z and 100/Z. The highest similarity was reached between fenced and unfenced plots of the same intensity levels of forestry practice, as well as between the control area (0) and 30% shelterwood cut (30, 30/Z). Using niche width calculations 15 spider species were identified as being characteristic of the clear-cuts (Gnaphosidae: Gnaphosa bicolor, Liocranidae: Agroeca brunnea, Linyphiidae: Agyneta ramosa, Ceratinella brevis, Gongylidiellum latebricola, Lepthyphantes flavipes, Lepthyphantes mansuetus, Lepthyphantes mengei, Micrargus herbigradus, Pocadicnemis pumila, Walckenaeria atrotibialis, Walckenaeria antica, Zoridae: Zora nemoralis) and the heavily-cut shelterwood (Linyphiidae: Diplocephalus picinus, Lycosidae: Alopecosa taeniata). In addition Micrargus apertus was recorded for Bavaria for the first time. Ekológia (Bratislava) Vol. 19, Supplement 3, 107-117, 2000
A novel hierarchical method for digital signal type classification

Automatic signals type classification (ASTC) is a technique for recognizing the modulation scheme of an intercepted signal and has seen increasing demand in both military and civilian. Most of previous techniques can identify only a few kinds of signal types. Also, usually, they request high SNR to achieve a minimum acceptable performance and don't include higher order and new types of signals (e.g. QAM types). The work presented here proposes novel high performance method for identification of digital signal types. In this method it is proposed a hierarchical multiclass classifier based on support vector machine (SVM). The inputs of this classifier are higher order moments and cumulants (up to eight). Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select the best model of SVMs in order to improve the performance. Simulation results show that proposed method can recognize a lot of digital signal types and achieves a highly probability of classification even at low signal to noise ratios (SNRs).
CCN activity and organic hygroscopicity of aerosols downwind of an urban region in central Amazonia: Seasonal and diel variations and impact of anthropogenic emissions

Abstract. During the Observations and Modeling of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) campaign, size-resolved cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra were characterized at a research site (T3) 60 km downwind of the city of Manaus, Brazil, in central Amazonia for 1 year (12 March 2014 to 3 March 2015). Particle hygroscopicity (κCCN) and mixing state were derived from the size-resolved CCN spectra, and the hygroscopicity of the organic component of the aerosol (κorg) was then calculated from κCCN and concurrent chemical composition measurements. The annual average κCCN increased from 0.13 at 75 nm to 0.17 at 171 nm, and the increase was largely due to an increase in sulfate volume fraction. During both wet and dry seasons, κCCN, κorg, and particle composition under background conditions exhibited essentially no diel variations. The constant κorg of ∼ 0. 15 is consistent with the largely uniform and high O : C value (∼ 0. 8), indicating that the aerosols under background conditions are dominated by the aged regional aerosol particles consisting of highly oxygenated organic compounds. For air masses strongly influenced by urban pollution and/or local biomass burning, lower values of κorg and organic O : C atomic ratio were observed during night, due to accumulation of freshly emitted particles, dominated by primary organic aerosol (POA) with low hygroscopicity, within a shallow nocturnal boundary layer. The O : C, κorg, and κCCN increased from the early morning hours and peaked around noon, driven by the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and dilution of POA emissions into a deeper boundary layer, while the development of the boundary layer, which leads to mixing with aged particles from the residual layer aloft, likely also contributed to the increases. The hygroscopicities associated with individual organic factors, derived from PMF (positive matrix factorization) analysis of AMS (aerosol mass spectrometry) spectra, were estimated through multivariable linear regression. For the SOA factors, the variation of the κ value with O : C agrees well with the linear relationship reported from earlier laboratory studies of SOA hygroscopicity. On the other hand, the variation in O : C of ambient aerosol organics is largely driven by the variation in the volume fractions of POA and SOA factors, which have very different O : C values. As POA factors have hygroscopicity values well below the linear relationship between SOA hygroscopicity and O : C, mixtures with different POA and SOA fractions exhibit a steeper slope for the increase in κorg with O : C, as observed during this and earlier field studies. This finding helps better understand and reconcile the differences in the relationships between κorg and O : C observed in laboratory and field studies, therefore providing a basis for improved parameterization in global models, especially in a tropical context.
Interactive comment on “ Mixing State of Refractory Black Carbon of the North China Plain Regional Aerosol Combining a Single Particle Soot Photometer and a Volatility Tandem Differential

The article by Zhang et al. retreads a lot of information already covered in Zhang et al. (AMT, 2016), with some additional analysis. Overall, I find there are potentially some interesting components of this paper that go beyond the authors previous work, but at the same time there are a number of aspects that are presented as novel insights that are either not sufficiently justified or explained, or are simply wrong. I cannot recommend this paper for publication. The authors should work to truly distinguish it from their previous work. My specific comments follow below (in chronological order, mainly).
No mutual mate choice for quality in zebra finches: Time to question a widely held assumption

Studies of mate choice typically assume that individuals prefer high quality mates and select them based on condition‐dependent indicator traits. In species with biparental care, mutual mate choice is expected to result in assortative mating for quality. When assortment is not perfect, the lower quality pair members are expected to compensate by increased parental investment to secure their partner (positive differential allocation). This framework has been assumed to hold for monogamous species like the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), but progress has been hampered by the difficulty to define individual quality. By combining multiple measures of causes (inbreeding, early nutrition) and consequences (ornaments, displays, fitness components) of variation in quality into a single principal component, we here show that quality variation can be quantified successfully. We further show that variation in quality indeed predicts individual pairing success, presumably because it reflects an individual's vigor or ability to invest in reproduction. However, despite high statistical power, we found no evidence for either assortative mating or for positive differential allocation. We suggest that zebra finch ornaments and displays are not sufficiently reliable for the benefits of choosiness to exceed the costs of competition for the putative best partner. To assess the generality of these findings unbiased quantification of signal honesty and preference strength is required, rather than selective reporting of significant results.
Gesture Heatmaps: Understanding Gesture Performance with Colorful Visualizations

We introduce gesture heatmaps, a novel gesture analysis technique that employs color maps to visualize the variation of local features along the gesture path. Beyond current gesture analysis practices that characterize gesture articulations with single-value descriptors, e.g., size, path length, or speed, gesture heatmaps are able to show with colorful visualizations how the value of any such descriptors vary along the gesture path. We evaluate gesture heatmaps on three public datasets comprising 15,840 gesture samples of 70 gesture types from 45 participants, on which we demonstrate heatmaps' capabilities to (1) explain causes for recognition errors, (2) characterize users' gesture articulation patterns under various conditions, e.g., finger versus pen gestures, and (3) help understand users' subjective perceptions of gesture commands, such as why some gestures are perceived easier to execute than others. We also introduce chromatic confusion matrices that employ gesture heatmaps to extend the expressiveness of standard confusion matrices to better understand gesture classification performance. We believe that gesture heatmaps will prove useful to researchers and practitioners doing gesture analysis, and consequently, they will inform the design of better gesture sets and development of more accurate recognizers.
A Decorrelating Multiuser Receiver for Transmit-Reference UWB Systems

Transmit-reference (TR) is known as a realistic but low data rate candidate for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems. This paper proposes a new TR-UWB scheme that uses a decorrelating receiver to enable higher data rates with only a reasonably small increase in complexity while still maintaining the ease of synchronization of the original. Integrate and dump with oversampling is used to derive an approximate signal processing data model in a multiuser context. An iterative and a blind receiver algorithm are introduced and tested in simulations. Multiple reference delays are used to further improve the system performance similar to the role of multiple antennas in communication systems. The receiver's complexity and other practical issues in transceiver design are also discussed.
Compressive Sensing SFGPR Imaging Algorithm Based on Subspace Projection Ground Clutter Suppression

Stepped frequency ground penetrating radar (SFGPR) has received increasing attention in the field of ground penetrating radar technology due to its superiority in the detection performance. Compressed sensing (CS) SFGPR imaging reconstruction method can not merely reduce the measured imaging data volume, but also reconstruct target image with less sidelobe. However, the imaging algorithm using CS approach will lose efficacy in strong clutter environment. To solve this problem, a CS SFGPR imaging reconstruction method combined with subspace projection clutter suppression approach is proposed in this paper. First, all frequency domain data at each measurement position are reconstructed from reduced frequency measurements via sparse reconstruction technique. Then subspace projection ground clutter suppression technique is used to suppress the strong ground clutter. Finally, the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm is utilized to reconstruct the underground target image. Synthetic and experimental data processing results have verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed imaging method.
Creating Scenarios and Guiding Learning in a Medical Simulation Center

In this article we propose to address the importance of learning scenarios in a simulation center in graduate studies in Medicine. We will describe in detail the context in which this learning is developed. To do this, we need to reflect briefly on the contents that permit the configuration of these scenarios as teaching units, the objectives which should be commensurate with the level of training and experience of the students, the activities to develop and the means by which these are arranged, and, finally, the evaluation of the process. The development of this learning would not be possible without an activity guide, as a well as an evolution and debriefing stage.
Using Prediction Markets and Twitter to Predict a Swine Flu Pandemic

We explore the hypothesis that social media such as Twitter encodes the belief of a large number of people about some concrete statement about the world. Here, these beliefs are aggregated using a Prediction Market specifically concerning the possibility of a Swine Flu Pandemic in 2009. Using a regression framework, we are able to show that simple features extracted from Tweets can reduce the error associated with modelling these beliefs. Our approach is also shown to outperform some baseline methods based purely on time-series information from the Market.
Rotavirus Infection in the Neonatal Nurseries of a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Background: The majority of neonatal rotavirus infections are believed to be asymptomatic, and protection from subsequent infection and disease has been reported in neonatally infected children. In this study, we present the results of a 4-year prospective surveillance in the neonatal nurseries of a tertiary care hospital in south India. Methods: Stool samples from neonates admitted for >48 hours either with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or with nonenteric pathology were screened for rotavirus. Careful assessment of clinical data was carried out. G- and P-typing for all symptomatic rotavirus positive cases and equal number of asymptomatic controls from the same month was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: Rotavirus was detected in 43.9% of 1411 neonates, including those with and without gastrointestinal disease. Rotavirus detection was significantly higher among neonates with GI disease (55.5%) than asymptomatic neonates (44.4%) (P < 0.001). Rotavirus was seen in association with diarrhea, vomiting, feed intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, hematochezia, gastroesophageal reflux, and abdominal distension. Diarrhea was significantly more frequent in neonates with rotavirus infection (P < 0.001) whereas uninfected neonates developed significantly more feeding intolerance (P < 0.001). Significantly greater proportion of term neonates with GI disease were positive for rotavirus than preterm neonates (P < 0.001). G10P[11] was the most common genotype associated with both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. Conclusions: This study documents the high rates of rotavirus infection in the neonatal nurseries and the continuing detection of the G10P[11] strain associated with GI disease in Vellore.