Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Distributed Simulation Approach for Modeling and Analyzing Systems of Systems

Certain business objectives cannot be met without the interaction and communication between different systems. An interesting concept called system of systems (SoS), which aims to describe this interaction between systems has been gaining attention in the last few years. In this paper an extensive review of the literature is performed to capture the main characteristics associated to this concept in order to propose a new, more complete definition. This paper also proposes the use of distributed simulation through the high level architecture (HLA) rules to model and simulate systems of systems. We illustrate our idea with two different examples; a simplified supply chain network of a computer assembly and an aircraft initial sizing scenarios. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the significant advantages distributed simulation could offer over traditional simulation for the analysis of such complex systems
A generalized technology gap trade model

Dans ce modèle les technological gaps sont associés à la fois aux avantages absolus (par exemple en relation avec les innovations de produits ) et aux avantages comparés (par exemple en relation avec les innovations de processus expliquées par les différences de coût unitaires de travail, dans la productivité et dans les salaires). En outre les asymétries introduites dans la structure de la demande et dans le marché du travail, ainsi que les asymétries associées à la technologie, permettront de déterminer le processus de spécialisation internationale et les possibilités de croissance pour les deux pays. Le modèle montre, par exemple, que, seulement dans le cas particulier d’échange entre pays ayant un technological gap bas, on aura un effet important de technological gap multiplier sur le pattern de spécialisation, comme dans le cas d’un échange Nord-Nord et Sud-Sud, alors que dans l’échange Nord-Sud l’effet du multiplicateur diminue fortement. Dans ce cas, il faut souligner l'émergence et la prééminence des échanges “ intra-industry” et l'importance de la différenciation de produit dans la détermination du pattern de spécialisation.
The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T‐786C, G894T, and 4a/b gene polymorphisms in the risk of idiopathic male infertility

A considerable number of infertile men have no known mechanism for their infertility. This study aims to examine if there is an association between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T‐786C, G894T, and 4a/b gene polymorphisms and idiopathic male infertility. Three hundred fifty‐two men with idiopathic infertility (mean age 32.4 ± 11.4 years) and 356 healthy controls (mean age 33.2 ± 11.6 years) with documented fertility were recruited in this study. Genotypes for T‐786C, G894T, and 4a/b gene polymorphisms were identified by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) analysis. The eNOS −786CC genotype (0.310 vs. 0.081; odds ratio (OR), 3.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.28–4.46; P = 0.001), 894TT genotype (0.131 vs. 0.006; OR, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.68–4.87; P = 0.001) and 4aa genotype (0.128 vs. 0.009; OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.88–3.89; P = 0.004) were significantly more frequent in infertile subjects. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between the group of infertile patients with azoospermia and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) when compared by genotype distribution (−786CC vs. 786TT, 894TT vs. 894GG, and 4aa vs. 4bb) (all P < 0.01). We also found an association between the eNOS “−786C,” “894T,” and “a” alleles and an increased risk of poor semen parameters. Our data revealed a significant relationship between eNOS genotypes and the phenotype of infertility. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 77: 720–727, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of caffeic acid derivatives in Actea racemosa (Cimicifuga racemosa, black cohosh) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

Caffeic acid derivatives occurring in black cohosh [Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. , Actaea racemosa (Ranunculaceae)], some of which may have pharmacological activity, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) with the aim of developing a methodology for their rapid identification in a complex plant matrix. Based on these studies, structurally characteristic product ions and neutral molecule losses were identified, which were then used during LC/MS/MS with product ion scanning, precursor scanning and constant neutral loss scanning to detect caffeic acid derivatives in a crude extract of black cohosh. Several caffeic acid derivatives were detected, and the identification of six of them were confirmed by comparison with authentic standards including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, fukinolic acid, cimicifugic acid A, and cimicifugic acid B. Four other compounds were detected that appeared to be caffeic acid derivatives based on LC/MS/MS retention times, molecular weights, and fragmentation patterns during MS/MS. Since standards were unavailable for these four compounds, they were tentatively identified using LC/MS/MS as cimicifugic acid E, cimicifugic acid F, dehydrocimicifugic acid A, and dehydrocimicifugic acid B. Dehydrocimicifugic acid A and dehydrocimicifugic acid B have not been reported previously to be constituents of black cohosh.
The Knowledge Complexity of Interactive Proof Systems

Usually, a proof of a theorem contains more knowledge than the mere fact that the theorem is true. For instance, to prove that a graph is Hamiltonian it suffices to exhibit a Hamiltonian tour in it; however, this seems to contain more knowledge than the single bit Hamiltonian/non-Hamiltonian.In this paper a computational complexity theory of the “knowledge” contained in a proof is developed. Zero-knowledge proofs are defined as those proofs that convey no additional knowledge other than the correctness of the proposition in question. Examples of zero-knowledge proof systems are given for the languages of quadratic residuosity and 'quadratic nonresiduosity. These are the first examples of zero-knowledge proofs for languages not known to be efficiently recognizable.
Lesbian Parents and Work

SUMMARY Twenty-one lesbian parents, representing 15 families, were interviewed to examine the work-family issues experienced by the women. Seventy percent of the interviewees were satisfied with their employment situations and characterized the relationships between their households and the workplace as positive. Qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed work-related stressors and supports, and strategies for balancing work and family. Themes included instrumental support, interpersonal support, integration of work and family, and creative responses to work-family tensions. Implications for social work policy and direct practice are discussed.
[Interleukin 1].

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is secreted by macrophages, macrophage-like cells (e.g. Langerhans cells) and by astrocytes, keratinocytes, fibroblasts or natural killer cells. IL-1 is directly involved in the activation of helper T lymphocytes. However, it has been shown that IL-1 also induces release of collagenase and prostaglandins by fibroblasts. Furthermore, injections of IL-1 into animals are followed by fever, leukocytosis, increased serum concentrations of fibrinogen, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, and decreased levels of iron and zinc. IL-1 has been extracted from experimental granuloma and from tissues of animals with endotoxinemia. Synovial fluids from patients with osteoarthritis contain significant amounts of IL-1. All in all, IL-1 may be ultimately involved in the development of fever and fibrosis, in the destruction of joints and the activation of T lymphocytes during inflammatory processes.
Slave Robot Robot Human Master Scaled ρ − Scaled Operator Slave Controller Environment Closed − Loop

In this paper, a passive bilateral control law is proposed for a teleoperator consisting of a pair of n-DOF nonlinear robotic systems. The control law ensures energetic passivity of the closed-loop teleoperator with power scaling, coordinates motions of the master and slave robots, and installs useful task-specific dynamics for inertia scaling, motion guidance and obstacle avoidance. Consequently, the closed-loop teleoperator behaves like a common passive mechanical tool. A key innovation is the energy preserving passive decomposition of the 2n-DOF nonlinear teleoperator dynamics into two robot-like systems: a n-DOF shape systemrepresenting the master-slave position coordination aspect ( n-DOF holonomic constraint) and a n-DOF locked systemrepresenting the dynamics of the coordinated teleoperator. The master-slave position coordination is then achieved by regulating the shape system, while programmable apparent inertia of the coordinated teleoperator is achieved by scaling the effect of the environmental and human forces on the locked system. Passive velocity field control (PVFC) and artificial potential field control are used to implement guidance and obstacle avoidance for the coordinated teleoperator. A special passive control implementation structure is used to ensure the energetic passivity of the closed-loop teleoperator even in the presence of model parametric uncertainties and inaccurate force sensing. Experimental results are presented to validate the properties of the proposed control framework.
Cost of Borrowing Shocks and Fiscal Adjustment

Do capital markets impose fiscal discipline on governments? We investigate the responses of fiscal variables to a change in the interest rate paid by governments on their debt in a panel of 14 European countries over four decades. To this end, we estimate a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model, using sign restrictions via the penalty function method of Mountford and Uhlig (2009) to identify structural cost of borrowing shocks. Our baseline estimation shows that a 1 percentage point rise in the cost of borrowing leads to a cumulative improvement of the primary balance-to-GDP ratio of approximately 2 percentage points over 10 years, with the fiscal response becoming significantly evident only two years after the shock. We also find that the bulk of fiscal adjustment takes place via a rise in government revenue rather than a cut in primary expenditure. The size of the total fiscal adjustment, however, is insufficient to avoid the gross government debt-to-GDP ratio from rising as a consequence of the shock. Sub-dividing our sample, we also find that for countries participating in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) the primary balance response to a cost of borrowing shock was stronger in the period after 1992 (the year in which the Maastricht Treaty was signed) than prior to 1992.
L’Éveil aux langues et la coconstruction de connaissances sur la diversité linguistique

In Canada, valuing diversity is supported by policies of multiculturalism or intercultural education. However, linguistic diversity has not, heretofore, been systematically examined in school programs. Drawing on research on multilingual education and recent developments in critical pedagogies, we conducted a case study of the implementation of Language Awareness activities in elementary schools of Vancouver and Montreal. Based on a teacher researcher collaboration, we observed and filmed classroom Language Awareness activities, interviewed students and gathered documents that provided contextual information. The data excerpts examined in this article illustrate how students who were exposed to languages that were unknown by the majority, or to words borrowed from other languages, collaborated to draw on their collective language resources and co-construct new knowledge about language diversity.
A general feature-based map matching framework with trajectory simplification

Accurate map matching has been a fundamental but challenging problem that has drawn great research attention in recent years. It aims to reduce the uncertainty in a trajectory by matching the GPS points to the road network on a digital map. Most existing work has focused on estimating the likelihood of a candidate path based on the GPS observations, while neglecting to model the probability of a route choice from the perspective of drivers. Here we propose a novel feature-based map matching algorithm that estimates the cost of a candidate path based on both GPS observations and human factors. To take human factors into consideration is very important especially when dealing with low sampling rate data where most of the movement details are lost. Additionally, we simultaneously analyze a subsequence of coherent GPS points by utilizing a new segment-based probabilistic map matching strategy, which is less susceptible to the noisiness of the positioning data. We have evaluated the proposed approach on a public large-scale GPS dataset, which consists of 100 trajectories distributed all over the world. The experimental results show that our method is robust to sparse data with large sampling intervals (e.g., 60 s ∼ 300 s) and challenging track features (e.g., u-turns and loops). Compared with two state-of-the-art map matching algorithms, our method substantially reduces the route mismatch error by 6.4% ∼ 32.3% and obtains the best map matching results in all the different combinations of sampling rates and challenging features.
eFuse based IC authentication architecture

In the era of IoT (Internet of Things), more devices now frequently carry confidential data. At the same time, the risk of invasive attacks also increases. Hence, the security against these attacks has become more critical. In this paper, we propose eFuse-based authentication logic. This logic generates a unique value of each IC using eFuse trimming information. In the authentication process, the unique value is used to distinguish authentic ICs from copied ones. Since the eFuse trimming information resides in ICs, the proposed method can be implemented with lightweight architectures. Experimental results in 0.13-um technology show that the proposed method can reliably authenticate ICs in various operating conditions.
Hare Hunting in the Wild Android: A Study on the Threat of Hanging Attribute References

Android is characterized by the complicated relations among its components and apps, through which one party interacts with the other (e.g., starting its activity) by referring to its attributes like package, activity, service, action names, authorities and permissions. Such relations can be easily compromised during a customization: e.g., when an app is removed to fit an Android version to a new device model, while references to the app remain inside that OS. This conflict between the decentralized, unregulated Android customization process and the interdependency among different Android components and apps leads to the pervasiveness of hanging attribute references (Hares), a type of vulnerabilities never investigated before. In our research, we show that popular Android devices are riddled with such flaws, which often have serious security implications: when an attribute (e.g., a package/authority/action name) is used on a device but the party defining it has been removed, a malicious app can fill the gap to acquire critical system capabilities, by simply disguising as the owner of the attribute. More specifically, we discovered in our research that on various Android devices, the malware can exploit their Hares to steal the user's voice notes, control the screen unlock process, replace Google Email's account settings activity and collect or even modify the user's contact without proper permissions. We further designed and implemented Harehunter, a new tool for automatic detection of Hares by comparing attributes defined with those used, and analyzing the references to undefined attributes to determine whether they have been protected (e.g., by signature checking). On the factory images for 97 most popular Android devices, Harehunter discovered 21557 likely Hare flaws, demonstrating the significant impacts of the problem. To mitigate the hazards, we further developed an app for detecting the attempts to exploit Hares on different devices and provide the guidance for avoiding this pitfall when building future systems.
Effect of the Anatomic Reservoir on Low-Flow Oxygen Delivery Via Nasal Cannula: Constant Flow Versus Pulse Flow With Portable Oxygen Concentrator

BACKGROUND: The FIO2 for a nasal cannula with constant flow (CF) depends on the anatomic reservoir (AR), which is affected by changes in frequency and end-expiratory flow. Conversely, pulse flow (PF) devices do not require the AR. The purpose of this study was to compare the FIO2 delivered by a nasal cannula supplied by CF via oxygen tank with that delivered by PF delivered via portable oxygen concentrator. Hypotheses were (1) a lung model of COPD with non-zero end-expiratory flow decreases FIO2 for CF more than for PF, and (2) CF and PF perform differently in terms of FIO2 delivery, despite having equivalent settings. METHODS: Normal and COPD lung models were simulated (IngMar Medical ASL 5000) using published human data: normal: breathing frequency = 15 breaths/min, Rin = 4 cm H2O · s · L–1, Rout = 4 cm H2O · s · L–1, C = 60 mL · cm H2O–1, tidal volume (VT) = 685 mL, Pmax = 11.95 cm H2O, increase = 33%, and release = 28; COPD: breathing frequency = 20 breaths/min, Rin = 12 cm H2O · s · L–1, Rout = 25 cm H2O · s · L–1, C = 66 mL · cm H2O–1, VT = 685 mL, Pmax = 24.52 cm H2O, increase = 35%, and release = 23%. CF was 1–5 L/min. Portable oxygen concentrators used were Solo2 (Invacare), XPO2 (Invacare), FreeStyle (AirSep), Focus (AirSep), One G3 (Inogen), and LifeChoice ActivOx (Inova Labs). RESULTS: CF produced significantly higher FIO2 at all settings for normal lungs but lower for COPD lungs compared with Solo2. COPD reduced the FIO2 for CF but had a smaller variable effect for PF. Data show there is no equivalency between PF setting and CF rates for the portable oxygen concentrators tested. CONCLUSIONS: CF oxygen delivery via a nasal cannula is significantly reduced by elimination of the AR in a model of COPD, yielding clinically important decreases in FIO2. PF (delivered with a portable oxygen concentrator) is relatively unaffected. This study supports the recommendation that clinicians and caretakers should titrate the PF setting to each patient's unique oxygen requirements.
NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF GUAR MEAL BY in vitro DIGESTIBILITY

A study has been carried out to find out the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristic of Guar meal. Six guar meal samples were collected from different parts (feed mills) of Namakkal district. The samples were ground to pass through a 2-mm screen and then analysed for chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility. In the present study the Crude protein, Crude fibre, Ether extract, Total ash, Sand and silica content of guar meal are 48.07, 7.1, 5.21, 5.87 and 1.05% respectively. The calcium, phosphorous, magnesium and potassium content of guar meal were 1.14 %, 3.0%, 2.5% and 0.91% respectively. Similarly the trace mineral like zinc, copper and manganese are 35 ppm, 21 ppm and15 ppm respectively. The traces of aflotoxinB1 (0.5 ppb) also noticed in the guar meal samples. In vitro DM digestibility of guar meal at 24 and 48 hrs was 35 and 47 % respectively. The total VFA production at 24 and 48 h of incubation was 43.7 and 44.5 mmoles respectively. Hence, the present study showed that guar meal had relatively high protein content and in vitro DMD and thus have the potential to be good alternate feed source for livestock in spite of its high mannan content.
Pervasive Personal Computing in an Internet Suspend/Resume System

The Internet suspend/resume model of mobile computing cuts the tight binding between PC state and PC hardware. By layering a virtual machine on distributed storage, ISR lets the VM encapsulate execution and user customization state; distributed storage then transports that state across space and time. This article explores the implications of ISR for an infrastructure-based approach to mobile computing. It reports on experiences with three versions of ISR and describes work in progress toward the OpenISR version
Contribution of the Distal Pocket Residue to the Acyl-Chain-Length Specificity of (R)-Specific Enoyl-Coenzyme A Hydratases from Pseudomonas spp

ABSTRACT (R)-Specific enoyl-coenzyme A (enoyl-CoA) hydratases (PhaJs) are capable of supplying monomers from fatty acid β-oxidation to polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis. PhaJ1Pp from Pseudomonas putida showed broader substrate specificity than did PhaJ1Pa from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, despite sharing 67% amino acid sequence identity. In this study, the substrate specificity characteristics of two Pseudomonas PhaJ1 enzymes were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis, chimeragenesis, X-ray crystallographic analysis, and homology modeling. In PhaJ1Pp, the replacement of valine with isoleucine at position 72 resulted in an increased preference for enoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) elements with shorter chain lengths. Conversely, at the same position in PhaJ1Pa, the replacement of isoleucine with valine resulted in an increased preference for enoyl-CoAs with longer chain lengths. These changes suggest a narrowing and broadening in the substrate specificity range of the PhaJ1Pp and PhaJ1Pa mutants, respectively. However, the substrate specificity remains broader in PhaJ1Pp than in PhaJ1Pa. Additionally, three chimeric PhaJ1 enzymes, composed from PhaJ1Pp and PhaJ1Pa, all showed significant hydratase activity, and their substrate preferences were within the range exhibited by the parental PhaJ1 enzymes. The crystal structure of PhaJ1Pa was determined at a resolution of 1.7 Å, and subsequent homology modeling of PhaJ1Pp revealed that in the acyl-chain binding pocket, the amino acid at position 72 was the only difference between the two structures. These results indicate that the chain-length specificity of PhaJ1 is determined mainly by the bulkiness of the amino acid residue at position 72, but that other factors, such as structural fluctuations, also affect specificity.
Mathematical thinking and problem solving

Contents: Preface. J.L. Schwartz, The Role of Research in Reforming Mathematics Education: A Different Approach. M. Linn, R. Pea, A Discussion of Judah Schwartz's Chapter. B. Reznick, Some Thoughts on Writing for the Putnam. L.C. Larson, Comments on Bruce Reznick's Chapter. I. Olkin, A.H. Schoenfeld, A Discussion of Bruce Reznick's Chapter. A.H. Schoenfeld, Reflections on Doing and Teaching Mathematics. L. Henkin, J.L. Schwartz, A Discussion of Alan Schoenfeld's Chapter. J.J. Kaput, Democratizing Access to Calculus: New Routes to Old Roots. E. Dubinsky, Comments on James Kaput's Chapter. J. Confrey, E. Smith, Comments on James Kaput's Chapter. M. Cohen, A. Knoebel, D.S. Kurtz, D.J. Pengelley, Making Calculus Students Think with Research Projects. B.Y. White, R.G. Douglas, A Discussion of Cohen, Knoebel, Kurtz, and Pengelley's Chapter. E. Dubinsky, A Theory and Practice of Learning College Mathematics. R.G. Wenger, Comments on Ed Dubinsky's Chapter. A.A. diSessa, Comments on Ed Dubinsky's Chapter. S.S. Epp, The Role of Proof in Problem Solving. J.G. Greeno, Comments on Susanna Epp's Chapter. J. Addison, A Discussion of Susanna Epp's Chapter. T.A. Romberg, Classroom Instruction that Fosters Mathemical Thinking and Problem Solving: Connections Between Theory and Practice. G. Leinhardt, Comments of Thomas Romberg's Chapter. R.B. Davis, Comments on Thomas Romberg's Chapter. A.H. Schoenfeld, Epilogue.