Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of information security awareness in Australian government organisations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the human-based information security (InfoSec) vulnerabilities in three Australian government organisations. Design/methodology/approach – A Web-based survey was developed to test attitudes, knowledge and behaviour across eight policy-based focus areas. It was completed by 203 participants across the three organisations. This was complemented by interviews with senior management from these agencies. Findings – Overall, management and employees had reasonable levels of InfoSec awareness. However, weaknesses were identified in the use of wireless technology, the reporting of security incidents and the use of social networking sites. These weaknesses were identified in the survey data of the employees and corroborated in the management interviews. Research limitations/implications – As with all such surveys, responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour (but not knowledge) may have been influenced by the social desirability bias. Further research s.
The Development of Small Size Ultra-High Speed Drive System

We designed and built a trial small size and ultra-high speed motor of 2 poles, 5kW and 240,000rpm as the target. And we had described our prototype ultra-high speed drive system and some experimental results in previous papers. But the evaluation of this kind of motor drive system is difficult only by the experiments. Then we also had described the electric and magnetic coupled analysis which was used not only the motor model from FEM but also the drive and control system models in the circuit simulation. This paper explains the ultra-high speed drive system including improved control method and presents experimental results using redesigned motor, and we illustrate the confirming availability of the total drive system model created by using VHDL-AMS and C-language as well.
Effects of chronic AICAR administration on fiber composition, glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities and UCP3 and PGC-1 protein content in rat muscles

This study was designed to determine the histological and metabolic effects of the administration of 5’-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator 5aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-ß-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) for 14 successive days. AICAR-treatment caused a significant decrease in the percentage of type IIB fibers and the concomitant increase in the percentage of type IIX fibers in EDL muscle. The capillary density or the capillary to fiber ratio were not altered by AICAR. AICARtreatment increased the glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities but not the antioxidant enzyme activities. The AICAR-treatment increased the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) level in EDL and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor co-activator 1 (PGC-1) protein level in the soleus and EDL muscles whereas the myogenin level was not altered by AICAR. These results seem to imply that the chronic activation of AMPK alters such muscle histochemical and metabolic characteristics.
The Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis, Adipokines, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Relation to Breast Cancer Incidence and Recurrence

Background Obesity, a risk factor for the development of postmenopausal breast cancer and certain other cancer types, has also been associated with poorer response to cancer therapy and cancer recurrence. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis also influences cancer risk. Methods In this commentary, we consider the literature on IGF and its binding proteins and the risk of breast cancer, along with effects of obesity, adipokines, and insulin resistance on breast cancer, and the potential for lifestyle interventions to address weight gain and physical inactivity among at-risk women. Results Greater body fatness is associated with a higher risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. The association may be explained, in part, by hyperinsulinemia and alterations in adipokines and estrogens. Nutrition, energy balance, and levels of physical activity are determinants of IGF bioactivity. Alterations in the IGF axis can increase cancer risk and progression. Results from epidemiologic studies indicate that higher circulating levels of IGF-I are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Conclusions Intervention studies are needed to determine how to sustain the positive effects of exercise over time and to identify the optimal mode, intensity, frequency, duration, and timing of exercise for breast cancer survivors, including important subgroups of survivors such as African American and Hispanic women. Future epidemiologic studies of the relationships between the IGF axis and breast cancer should include adequate numbers of African American women, Hispanic women, and other minority women who have been underrepresented in studies completed to date.
Alcohol Intake Between Menarche and First Pregnancy: A Prospective Study of Breast Cancer Risk

Background Adult alcohol consumption during the previous year is related to breast cancer risk. Breast tissue is particularly susceptible to carcinogens between menarche and first full-term pregnancy. No study has characterized the contribution of alcohol consumption during this interval to risks of proliferative benign breast disease (BBD) and breast cancer. Methods We used data from 91005 parous women in the Nurses’ Health Study II who had no cancer history, completed questions on early alcohol consumption in 1989, and were followed through June 30, 2009, to analyze breast cancer risk. A subset of 60093 women who had no history of BBD or cancer in 1991 and were followed through June 30, 2001, were included in the analysis of proliferative BBD. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. Results We identified 1609 breast cancer cases and 970 proliferative BBD cases confirmed by central histology review. Alcohol consumption between menarche and first pregnancy, adjusted for drinking after first pregnancy, was associated with risks of breast cancer (RR = 1.11 per 10g/day intake; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.23) and proliferative BBD (RR = 1.16 per 10g/day intake; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.32). Drinking after first pregnancy had a similar risk for breast cancer (RR = 1.09 per 10g/day intake; 95% CI = 0.96 to 1.23) but not for BBD. The association between drinking before first pregnancy and breast neoplasia appeared to be stronger with longer menarche to first pregnancy intervals. Conclusions Alcohol consumption before first pregnancy was consistently associated with increased risks of proliferative BBD and breast cancer.
Hunger Modulates the Responses to Gustatory Stimuli of Single Neurons in the Caudolateral Orbitofrontal Cortex of the Macaque Monkey

1 In order to determine whether the responsiveness of neurons in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (a secondary cortical gustatory area) is influenced by hunger, the activity evoked by prototypical taste stimuli (glucose, NaCl, HCl, and quinine hydrochloride) and fruit juice was recorded in single neurons in this cortical area before, while, and after cynomolgous macaque monkeys were fed to satiety with glucose or fruit juice. 2 It was found that the responses of the neurons to the taste of the glucose decreased to zero while the monkey ate it to satiety during the course of which his behaviour turned from avid acceptance to active rejection. 3 This modulation of responsiveness of the gustatory responses of the neurons to satiety was not due to peripheral adaptation in the gustatory system or to altered efficacy of gustatory stimulation after satiety was reached, because modulation of neuronal responsiveness by satiety was not seen at earlier stages of the gustatory system, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, the frontal opercular taste cortex, and the insular taste cortex. 4 The decreases in the responsiveness of the neurons were relatively specific to the food with which the monkey had been fed to satiety. For example, in seven experiments in which the monkey was fed glucose solution, neuronal responsiveness decreased to the taste of the glucose but not to the taste of blackcurrant juice. Conversely, in two experiments in which the monkey was fed to satiety with fruit juice, the responses of the neurons decreased to fruit juice but not to glucose. 5 These and earlier findings lead to a proposed neurophysiological mechanism for sensory‐specific satiety in which the information coded by single neurons in the gustatory system becomes more specific through the processing stages consisting of the nucleus of the solitary tract, the taste thalamus, and the frontal opercular and insular taste primary taste cortices, until neuronal responses become relatively specific for the food tasted in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex (secondary) taste area. Then sensory‐specific satiety occurs because in this caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste area (but not earlier in the taste system) it is a property of the synapses that repeated stimulation results in a decreased neuronal response. 6 Evidence was obtained that gustatory processing involved in thirst also becomes interfaced to motivation in the caudolateral orbitofrontal cortex taste projection area, in that neuronal responses here to water were decreased to zero while water was drunk until satiety was produced.
The Experiences of Rural VhaVenda Women Involved in Polygamous Marriages

The study explored the experiences of five rural VhaVenda women involved in polygamous marriages aged between twenty seven and sixty four years. The five participants were selected through snowball sampling method from four villages in Vhembe District (Limpopo Province). Data were analysed qualitatively using Mostyn's (1985) four phases of content analysis. Participants considered polygamous marriage among the vhaVenda to be a cultural phenomenon that has both positive and negative effects. On the positive side, the participants found polygamy to provide social support and to minimise divorce and promiscuity. On the negative side, polygamy was found to lower the quality of life for women involved in such a marriage arrangement. Other negative consequences associated with polygamy included feelings of distress and entrapment, the lack of control that these women have over their sexuality, the humiliation that they experience due to constant conflicts with co-wives, favouritism and neglect by husbands, and the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS because of the multiple relationships.
ALS at IJCNLP-2017 Task 5: Answer Localization System for Multi-Choice Question Answering in Exams

Multi-choice question answering in exams is a typical QA task. To accomplish this task, we present an answer localization method to locate answers shown in web pages, considering structural information and semantic information both. Using this method as basis, we analyze sentences and paragraphs appeared on web pages to get predictions. With this answer localization system, we get effective results on both validation dataset and test dataset.
Effect of pH and calcium concentration on some textural and functional properties of mozzarella cheese.

The effects of Ca concentration and pH on the composition, microstructural, and functional properties of Mozzarella cheese were studied. Cheeses were made using a starter culture (control) or by direct acidification of the milk with lactic acid or lactic acid and glucono-delta-lactone. In each of three trials, four cheeses were produced: a control, CL, and three directly-acidified cheeses, DA1, DA2, and DA3. The cheeses were stored at 4 degrees C for 70 d. The Ca content and pH were varied by altering the pH at setting, pitching, and plasticization. The mean pH at 1 d and the Ca content (mg/g of protein) of the various cheeses were: CL, 5.42 and 27.7; DA1, 5.96 and 21.8; DA2, 5.93 and 29.6; DA3, 5.58 and 28.7. For cheeses with a high pH (i.e., approximately 5.9), reducing the Ca content from 29.6 to 21.8 mg/g of protein resulted in a significant decrease in the protein level and increases in the moisture content and mean level of nonexpressible serum (g/g of protein). Reducing the Ca concentration also resulted in a more swollen, hydrated para-casein matrix at 1 d. The decrease in Ca content in the high-pH cheeses coincided with increases in the mean stretchability and flowability of the melted cheese over the 70-d storage period. The fluidity of the melted cheese also increased when the Ca content was reduced, as reflected by a lower elastic shear modulus and a higher value for the phase angle, delta, of the melted cheese, especially after storage for <12 d. The melt time, flowability, and stretchability of the low-Ca, high-pH DA1 cheese at 1 d were similar to those for the CL cheese after storage for > or = 12 d. In contrast, the mean values for flowability and stretchability of the high-pH, high-Ca DA2 cheese over the 70-d period were significantly lower than those of the CL cheese. Reducing the pH of high-Ca cheese (27.7 to 29.6 mg/g of protein) from -5.95 to 5.58 resulted in higher flowability, stretchability, and fluidity of the melted cheese. For cheeses with similar pH and Ca concentration, the method of acidification had little effect on composition, microstructure, flowability, stretchability, and fluidity of the melted cheese.
Tourism-Related Opinion Detection and Tourist-Attraction Target Identification

This paper focuses on tourism-related opinion mining, including tourism-related opinion detection and tourist-attraction target identification. The experimental data are blog articles labeled as being in the domestic tourism category in a blogspace. Annotators were asked to annotate the opinion polarity and the opinion target for every sentence. Different strategies and features have been proposed to identify opinion targets, including tourist attraction keywords, coreferential expressions, tourism-related opinion words, and a 2-level classifier. We used machine learning methods to train classifiers for tourism-related opinion mining. A retraining mechanism is proposed to obtain the system decisions of preceding sentences. The precision and recall scores of tourism-related opinion detection were 55.98% and 59.30%, respectively, and the scores of tourist attraction target identification among known tourism-related opinionated sentences were 90.06% and 89.91%, respectively. The overall precision and recall scores were 51.30% and 54.21%, respectively.
Resource allocation in orthogonal frequency division multiple access‐based cognitive radio systems with minimum rate constraints

In this paper, resource allocation problem in orthogonal frequency division multiple access‐based cognitive radio (CR) systems to maintain minimum transmission rate constraints of CR users (CRUs) with the specified interference thresholds is investigated. Firstly, a single primary user (PU) CR system is considered, and a suboptimal resource allocation algorithm to maximize the sum transmission rate of all CRUs is proposed. Secondly, the single‐PU scenario is extended to multiple‐PU case, and an asymptotically optimal resource allocation algorithm is proposed using dual methods subject to constraints on both interference thresholds of PUs and total transmit power of all CRUs. Analysis and numerical results show that, in contrast to classical resource allocation algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher transmission rate and guarantee each CRU's minimum transmission rate in both scenarios. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interference and outage in random D2D networks under millimeter wave channels

Millimeter wave communication is a promising concept for the fifth generation (5G) of cellular wireless networks due to the large available bandwidth while device to device (D2D) communication among nearby devices which saves network resources is also gaining attention. As such, D2D networks underlaying millimeter wave cellular systems hold massive potential. However, the performance of such a D2D network incorporating spatial randomness and power control has not yet been characterized. To fill this knowledge gap, we develop a comprehensive analysis of the performance of a D2D receiver. To this end, we model cellular transmitters and receivers as homogeneous Poisson point processes and the D2D network as a Matern cluster process, and incorporate blockages due to random objects, sectored antenna patterns, log-distance path loss, and Nakagami-m fading. Furthermore, we consider path loss and antenna gain inversion based power control, and peak power constraints for D2D devices along with distinct path loss exponents and fading severities for line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight scenarios. With the aid of stochastic geometry tools, we derive closed-form expressions of the moment generating function of the aggregate interference experienced by a D2D receiver and its outage probability. We finally show that the feasibility of millimeter wave D2D communication relies heavily on the D2D cluster radii, peak power thresholds, and node densities.
Perceived Difficulty with Physical Tasks, Lifestyle, and Physical Performance in Obese Children

We estimated perceived difficulty with physical tasks, lifestyle, and physical performance in 382 children and adolescents (163 obese, 54 overweight, and 165 normal-weight subjects) and the relationship between perceived physical difficulties and sports participation, sedentary behaviors, or physical performance. Perceived difficulty with physical tasks and lifestyle habits was assessed by interview using a structured questionnaire, while physical performance was assessed through the six-minute walking test (6MWT). Obese children had higher perceived difficulty with several activities of daily living, were less engaged in sports, and had lower physical performance than normal-weight or overweight children; on the contrary, they did not differ with regard to time spent in sedentary behaviors. Perceived difficulty in running and hopping negatively predicted sports participation (P < 0.05 and <0.01, resp.), while perceived difficulty in almost all physical activities negatively predicted the 6MWT, independently of BMI (P < 0.01). Our results indicate that perception of task's difficulty level may reflect an actual difficulty in obese children. These findings may have practical implications for approaching physical activity in obese children. Exploring both the perception of a task's difficulty level and physical performance may be useful to design exercise programs that allow safe and successful participation.
What is ‘word understanding’ for the parent of a one-year-old? Matching the difficulty of a lexical comprehension task to parental CDI report*

ABSTRACT Is parental report of comprehension valid for individual words? If so, how well must an infant know a word before their parents will report it as ‘understood’? We report an experiment in which parental report predicts infant performance in a referent identification task at 1 ; 6. Unlike in previous research of this kind (i.e. Houston-Price, Mather & Sakkalou, 2007), infants saw items only once, and image pairs were taxonomic sisters. The match between parental report and infant behaviour provides evidence of the item-level accuracy of both measures of lexical comprehension, and informs our understanding of how British parents interpret standardized Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs).
Slope differences in latent growth curve models under general measurement schemes

This dissertation focuses on cognitive development. In papers I and II, I study a special model, the second order latent growth curve model, that can be used to study cognitive development. Algebraic expressions for the variance of the estimation of slope differences are given. They may be used to calculate the sample sizes needed to detect slope differences between groups. Illustrations of the formulas indicate that sample sizes decrease with effect size, number of indicators and their reliabilities, frequency of observation and duration of the study. In addition, observations near the beginning and end are more important than observations in the middle, and needed sample sizes increase with attrition. Smaller sample sizes are also needed in studies in which baseline levels between groups may be assumed equal, and correlations between factors can either increase or decrease needed sample size.Papers III and IV address different aspects of cognitive development. The Flynn effect refers to the observed fact that IQ scores increase over time. In Paper III, we suggest outlining the boundaries within which this effect occurs prior to investigating possible causes. We observe an effect in a test in a large American dataset. This dataset contains information that can be used to outline these boundaries as well as to search for possible causes. Paper IV addresses the observed correlation between sibship size or birth order and cognitive ability. If sibship size negatively affects cognitive ability in children, this should be detected studying children’s cognitive development prior to, and after, the birth of a sibling. Using longitudinal multilevel analyses on a large sample of American children from ages five to fourteen, differences between children of different sibship sizes are noted. Their cognitive abilities do not change following the birth of a sibling however.
Error estimates for joint Tikhonov and Lavrentiev regularization of constrained control problems

We consider joint Tikhonov and Lavrentiev regularization of control problems with pointwise control- and state-constraints. We derive error estimates for the error which is introduced by the Tikhonov regularization. With the help of these results we show that, if the solution of the unconstrained problem has no active constraints, the same holds for the Tikhonov regularized solution if the regularization parameter is small enough and a certain source condition is fulfilled.
An examination of the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school for students with disabilities in south central Michigan

The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative, retrospective (ex post facto), research in south central Michigan was to determine the relationship of six risk factors associated with dropping out of high school to students with disabilities (SWDs). The six risk factors were (a) grade retention (never held back or held back one or more times), (b) age compared to peers (same age as peers or one year or older than peers), (c) limited English proficiency (English speaking or English as a second language), (d) category of disability (learning disabled/emotionally impaired or cognitively impaired/other), (e) mobility (the number of school districts or educational settings attended), and (f) the time of year that students moved (during the school year or in the summer months). A logistic regression and multiple logistic regression models were used to examine whether students with any combination of six factors were at higher risk for dropping out of school. The findings indicated that the age of the student (older than peers), number of educational settings attended (attended more than one school district in school career), and the time of the year moved (moved during the school year) are all individually significant predictors of SWDs dropping out of school. The findings also suggested that the factor of being one year or older than peers is predictive of dropping out of school when time of the year the student moved is controlled and vice versa.