Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental progression in the confidence-accuracy relationship in event recall: insights provided by a calibration perspective

The development of discrimination and realism was investigated in the event recall of 156 8-year-olds, 133 10-year-olds and 146 adults, using categorical confidence judgements. Target questions were either a mixture of misleading and unbiased ('non-bombardment'), or restricted to one question format ('bombardment'). The confidence judgements of all age groups discriminated between incorrect and correct responses to unbiased questions, but with misleading questions, this ability was undermined in the children, particularly when 'bombarded'. Calibration-style analyses of unbiased questions revealed a systematic confidence-accuracy association across age and question mix for unbiased questions. For misleading questions, however, the absence of a drop in performance from intermediate to low confidence at all ages suggested relative underconfidence at the lowest confidence level. At high confidence levels, there was evidence of realistic congruence between confidence and performance in adults, but this was not the case in the 10-year-olds when bombarded with misleading questions, or in the 8-year-olds, regardless of bombardment. Exploratory analyses of question difficulty revealed poor calibration across ages for difficult unbiased questions, and in the 8-year-olds, even for easy unbiased questions when intermixed with misleading questions. Bombardment with difficult misleading questions further undermined children's calibration. Implications for the role of social and cognitive factors in the development of metacognitive monitoring are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Performance Evaluation of Mesh-based 3D NoCs

The advances on 3D circuit integration have reignited the idea of processing-in-memory (PIM). In this paper, we evaluate 3D mesh-based NoC design for 3D-PIM systems. We study the stacked mesh (S-Mesh) which is a mesh-bus hybrid architecture for 3D NoCs that connects vertically stacked 2D meshes through buses. Previous S-Mesh studies have not addressed the problems and modifications needed at the building blocks of the network. We explain in details the internal structure of the S-Mesh, as well as, the problems and solutions of connecting 2D meshes using vertical buses. Also, we evaluate the performance of 3D NoC designs via two traffic patterns, one of which is a novel traffic pattern that better measures 3D-PIM systems performance. Our results show 15% performance improvement for the S-Mesh for zero-load packet latency while having a negligible decrease in saturation throughput.
Discovery and Characterization of a Small Molecule Inhibitor of the PDZ Domain of Dishevelled*

Dishevelled (Dvl) is an essential protein in the Wnt signaling pathways; it uses its PDZ domain to transduce the Wnt signals from the membrane receptor Frizzled to downstream components. Here, we report identifying a drug-like small molecule compound through structure-based ligand screening and NMR spectroscopy and show the compound to interact at low micromolar affinity with the PDZ domain of Dvl. In a Xenopus testing system, the compound could permeate the cell membrane and block the Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, the compound inhibited Wnt signaling and reduced the levels of apoptosis in the hyaloid vessels of eye. Moreover, this compound also suppressed the growth of prostate cancer PC-3 cells. These biological effects suggest that by blocking the PDZ domain of Dvl, the compound identified in our studies effectively inhibits the Wnt signaling and thus provides a useful tool for studies dissecting the Wnt signaling pathways.
Effect of Restaurant Patrons' Regret and Disappointment on Dissatisfaction and Behavioral Intention

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship among regret/disappointment, dissatisfaction, and behavioral intention in service failure situations at a restaurant. Even though there is a consensus regarding the positive relationship between regret/disappointment and customer dissatisfaction, unclear results still exist regarding the relationship between regret/disappointment and different types of behavioral intention. Thus, the present study attempts to clarify these fuzzy relationships. Specifically, this study aims to enhance understanding of the influence of regret and disappointment on behavioral intention (switching/negative WOM). The findings suggest that both regret and disappointment are significant determinants of customer dissatisfaction and switching/negative WOM. Further, the study results indicate that regret is an important predictor of switching intention, whereas disappointment is an important determinant of negative WOM. Finally, based on these findings, managerial implications for restaurant managers are discussed.
Assessment of Microsatellite Instability in Very Small Microdissected Samples and in Tumor Samples that are Contaminated With Normal DNA

Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing is important for the management of young patients with colonic adenocarcinoma. Biopsies can be small and can be contaminated by normal cells. It is not known how sample size or contamination by non-neoplastic cell populations affects the interpretation of MSI assays. Serial microdissection targets (0.75 to 5.5 mm) were obtained from cases with high-level MSI. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for the standard National Cancer Institute recommended markers and products were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. DNA from a patient with a BAT25 polymorphism was used to determine the sensitivity of detecting an aberrant allele in otherwise normal DNA. In small targets, MSI was seen sporadically in the setting of low DNA concentration. The results for small targets ranged from 1/4 to 5/5 loci with MSI, secondary to allelic dropout. In the sensitivity study, the aberrant allele was detected only when present at a concentration of above 10%. Allelic dropout can lead to under-estimation of the presence of MSI in small tissue samples or samples with low DNA concentration. Contaminating normal cell DNA can mask the presence of MSI. MSI testing on tissue fragments that are <5.5 mm can lead to a false-negative MSI test.
The role of harvest residue in rotation cycle carbon balance in loblolly pine plantations. Respiration partitioning approach

Timber harvests remove a significant portion of ecosystem carbon. While some of the wood products moved off‐site may last past the harvest cycle of the particular forest crop, the effect of the episodic disturbances on long‐term on‐site carbon sequestration is unclear. The current study presents a 25 year carbon budget estimate for a typical commercial loblolly pine plantation in North Carolina, USA, spanning the entire rotation cycle. We use a chronosequence approach, based on 5 years of data from two adjacent loblolly pine plantations. We found that while the ecosystem is very productive (GEP up to 2900 g m−2 yr−1, NEE at maturity about 900 g C m−2 yr−1), the production of detritus does not offset the loss of soil C through heterotrophic respiration (RH) on an annual basis. The input of dead roots at harvest may offset the losses, but there remain significant uncertainties about both the size and decomposition dynamics of this pool. The pulse of detritus produced at harvest resulted in a more than 60% increase in RH. Contrary to expectations, the peak of RH in relation to soil respiration (SR) did not occur immediately after the harvest disturbance, but in years 3 and 4, suggesting that a pool of roots may have remained alive for the first few years. On the other hand, the pulse of aboveground RH from coarse woody debris lasted only 2 years. The postharvest increase in RH was offset by a decrease in autotrophic respiration such that the total ecosystem respiration changed little. The observed flux rates show that even though the soil C pool may not necessarily decrease in the long‐term, old soil C is definitely an active component in the site C cycle, contributing about 25–30% of the RH over the rotation cycle.
Two-mode Bose gas: Beyond classical squeezing

The dynamical evolution of squeezing correlations in an ultracold Bose-Einstein condensate distributed across two modes is investigated theoretically in the framework of the Bose-Hubbard model. It is shown that the eigenstates of the Hamiltonian do not exploit the full region allowed by Heisenberg's uncertainty relation for number and phase fluctuations. The development of nonclassical correlations and relative number squeezing is studied in the transition from the Josephson to the Fock regime. Comparing the full quantum evolution with classical statistical simulations allows us to identify quantum aspects of the squeezing formation. In the quantum regime, the measurement of squeezing allows us to distinguish even and odd total particle numbers.
Sensing and Transmit Energy Optimization for an Energy Harvesting Cognitive Radio

We consider a cognitive radio setting in which the secondary user is an energy harvester with a finite capacity battery. The primary user operates in a time-slotted fashion. At the beginning of each time slot, the secondary user, aiming at maximizing its throughput, may remain idle or carry out spectrum sensing to detect primary activity. The decision is determined by the secondary belief regarding primary activity and the amount of stored energy. We formulate this problem as a Markov decision process. We illustrate the optimal policy, compare it with a myopic policy, and investigate the variation of throughput with various system parameters.
Combining Semi-supervised Learning and Relational Resampling for Active Learning in Network Domains

Recent work in statistical relational learning has demonstrated the effectiveness of network-based classification methods, which exploit relational dependencies among instances to improve predictions. These methods have been applied in a broad range of domains, from bioinformatics to fraud detection. Although labeled training examples can be costly to acquire in these domains, there has been little work focusing on active learning techniques that can identify the most beneficial (network) instances to label for learning. Past work has mainly focused on learning with a fixed set of labeled nodes— either from a fully labeled or partially labeled network. Recent work on active inference has demonstrated that labeling efforts can be used to improve collective inference, based on the network topology (Bilgic & Getoor, 2008; Macskassy, 2009). However, it is more difficult to incorporate network characteristics into the learning process. Two primary issues are: (1) how to learn an accurate model from a partially-labeled network, and (2) how to get an accurate assessment of uncertainty from the model. In this work, we address these issues by combining semi-supervised learning with relational resampling and a utility metric based on network variance. We evaluate our approach on synthetic and real-world networks and show that it results in faster learning compared to several alternative baselines. Appearing in Proceedings of the Budgeted Learning Workshop, 27 th International Conference on Machine Learning, Haifa, Israel, 2010. Copyright 2010 by the author(s)/owner(s).
Development of Postural Equilibrium Tests for Examining Environmental Effects

The postural balance of 18 college students was measured with a modified version of the Fregly-Graybiel Battery of ataxia tests. The intention was to improve the stability of the tests and to ascertain which produced the most reliable results. Four tests of walking and standing were administered twice a day over five days. Subjects performed the tests in an erect position with their arms crossed and their eyes closed. Performance gradually increased with practice. Factor analysis implied three factors account for most of the variance of the four tests. The Stand-on-nonpreferred Leg (SONL) test was the most reliable and is recommended for the most economical assessment of highly transitory postural effects due to environmental factors, e.g., toxic materials.
Negotiating Dis/Ability in Families: Constructions and Contradictions

This project uses a narrative view of identity to interrogate how individuals construct notions of ability and disability within their families. Participants include children with disabilities from diverse ethnic backgrounds, their parents, siblings, and extended family members. Interactions within four families are explored as well as interactions family members have with people outside their families. Interview and observational data demonstrate ways that participants construct identities that highlight intersections of ability/disability and individuality/relationships. Results indicate that families primarily construct identities of “normal” through their interactions and routines as they negotiate contradictions inherent in their everyday lives. Theoretic implications of narrative dimensions of constructions and contradictions are offered. Finally, practical applications for professionals and families of children with disabilities are suggested with future directions for research and practice.
Case Formulation in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy : The Treatment of Challenging and Complex Cases

Tarrier, Johnson, Introduction. Persons, Hong, Case Formulation and the Outcome of Cognitive Behavior Therapy. Combes, Cullen, Formulation From the Perspective of Contextualism. Gilbert, A Biopsychosocial and Evolutionary Approach to Formulation. Wells, Cognitive and Metacognitive Therapy Case Formulation in Anxiety Disorders. Garland, Cognitive Behavioural Case Formulation for Complex and Recurrent Depression. Lee, Case conceptualisation in complex PTSD: Integrating Theory With Practice. Bucci, Tarrier, A Cognitive-Behavioural Case Formulation Approach to the Treatment of Psychosis. Tyler, Jones, Cognitive Behavioural Case Formulation in Bipolar Disorder. van Bilsen, Lindsey, Cognitive Behavioural Formulation for Personality Problems. Startup, Mountford, Lavender, Schmidt, Cognitive-Behavioural Case Formulation in Complex Eating Disorder. Pratt, Gooding, Kelly, Johnson, Tarrier, Case Formulation in Suicidal Behaviour. White, Physical Health Problems: A Framework and Checklist for Case Formulation. Berry, Lobban, Formulating Collaboratively With Carers. Bowley, Bashir, Working with People Seeking Asylum. Beinart, Clohessy, Clinical Supervision.
Influences of Current Mood and Noise Sensitivity on Judgments of Noise Annoyance

Abstract Noise annoyance is one of the most studied reactions to auditory events. Previous research has demonstrated that annoyance reactions may be mediated by individual characteristics such as personality, attitudes, and noise sensitivity (traits). Transient temporary states such as an individual's current mood have been studied to a lesser extent. The author studied annoyance reactions to an everyday noise in participants who either were slightly annoyed or in a neutral affective state. The results showed that current mood had an overall effect on judgments of annoyance and on a participant's preference for sound. In addition, a participant's current mood interacted with noise sensitivity. These results indicate that both individual noise sensitivity (traits) and transient moods (states) are important for human auditory perception and evaluation.
Study on Provincial Compulsory Education Financial Equity Based on School-Level Data from One Province

By applying the multivariable method to elementary school data in one western province, this study shows that per-student budgetary nonpersonnel expenditure in the province is the most unequal index in terms of horizontal equity. In terms of vertical equity, the equity effect of the "poor county" designation by the central or provincial governments is more important than whether the county is located in a rural area. Finally, per capita fiscal income has a significant and positive influence on per-student budgetary nonpersonnel expenditure, and this correlation, which has become stronger over time, violates the principle of fiscal neutrality.
Substance Abuse Counselors and Ethical Dilemmas: The Influence of Recovery and Education Level.

The authors examined the impact of substance abuse counselor (SAC) recovery status and education level on (a) SACS' sensitivity to ethical dilemmas and (b) extent to which training might help resolve dilemmas. Results revealed a significant difference between SACS with a graduate degree and SACS with an associate's degree/high school diploma regarding sensitivity to ethical dilemmas, with the latter being more sensitive. This study could be used to develop educational materials to improve SAC competency in resolving ethical dilemmas.
Lessons from America: teaching politics with the Google generation

Abstract The superabundance of information available, particularly through the internet, is posing many challenges to the traditional pedagogy of higher education. Much of this concern is focused on the ubiquity of the search engine Google, with Tara Brabazon amongst the most conspicuous to claim that ‘the popularity of Google is facilitating laziness, poor scholarship and compliant thinking’ (Brabazon, 2007: 15). At the very least, it is clear that Google — as well as the more specialist Google Scholar and the (mostly) open-edited online encyclopedia Wikipedia — have quickly established prominent positions in many students’ strategies to locate information for various assignments. This has led to particular cohorts of students being dubbed, often in a derogatory fashion, the Google generation. While making it clear that many of the stereotypical claims made on behalf of this group are unfounded, this paper will present evidence to support some of the concerns made by Brabazon and others. In addition, it will define the concept that many have recognised as the potential solution to this problem, and will examine one ambitious attempt from the US to confront these problems directly. Moreover, it will be argued that adoption of similar strategies in the UK might address some important criticisms levelled at general university-level politics education in this country.
Structural coverage of feasible code

Infeasible execution paths reduce the precision of structural testing coverage and limit the industrial applicability of structural testing criteria. In this paper, we propose a technique that combines static and dynamic analysis approaches to identify infeasible program elements that can be eliminated from the computation of structural coverage to obtain accurate coverage data. The main novelty of the approach stems from its ability to identify a relevant number of infeasible elements, that is, elements that belong statically to the code, but cannot be executed under any input condition. The technique can also generate new test cases that execute uncovered elements, thus increasing the structural coverage of the program. The experimental results obtained on a prototype implementation for computing accurate branch coverage and reported in this paper indicate that the technique can effectively improve structural coverage measurements and can thus increase the industrial applicability of complex structural coverage criteria.
Temporal Integration of Information in Orthographic Priming

We present a theoretical framework for studying the integration of information over time in experimental paradigms involving the successive presentation of printed strings of letters with varying orthographic overlap (orthographic priming). This framework is expressed as a set of six processing principles, five of which are derived directly from the interactive activation model of orthographic processing (McClelland & Rumelhart, 1981), and an additional sixth principle relative to a hypothesized inhibitory reset mechanism. The validity of these principles are evaluated with respect to data obtained from different variants of the orthographic priming paradigm, and related paradigms.
Prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in middle-class urban participants in India

Objectives To determine the prevalence of diabetes and awareness, treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors in population-based participants in India. Methods A study was conducted in 11 cities in different regions of India using cluster sampling. Participants were evaluated for demographic, biophysical, and biochemical risk factors. 6198 participants were recruited, and in 5359 participants (86.4%, men 55%), details of diabetes (known or fasting glucose >126 mg/dL), hypertension (known or blood pressure >140/>90 mm Hg), hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol >200 mg/dL), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men <40, women <50 mg/dL), hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL), and smoking/tobacco use were available. Details of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were also obtained. Results The age-adjusted prevalence (%) of diabetes was 15.7 (95% CI 14.8 to 16.6; men 16.7, women 14.4) and that of impaired fasting glucose was 17.8 (16.8 to 18.7; men 17.7, women 18.0). In participants with diabetes, 27.6% were undiagnosed, drug treatment was in 54.1% and control (fasting glucose ≤130 mg/dL) in 39.6%. Among participants with diabetes versus those without, prevalence of hypertension was 73.1 (67.2 to 75.0) vs 26.5 (25.2 to 27.8), hypercholesterolemia 41.4 (38.3 to 44.5) vs 14.7 (13.7 to 15.7), hypertriglyceridemia 71.0 (68.1 to 73.8) vs 30.2 (28.8 to 31.5), low HDL cholesterol 78.5 (75.9 to 80.1) vs 37.1 (35.7 to 38.5), and smoking/smokeless tobacco use in 26.6 (23.8 to 29.4) vs 14.4 (13.4 to 15.4; p<0.001). Awareness, treatment, and control, respectively, of hypertension were 79.9%, 48.7%, and 40.7% and those of hypercholesterolemia were 61.0%, 19.1%, and 45.9%, respectively. Conclusions In the urban Indian middle class, more than a quarter of patients with diabetes are undiagnosed and the status of control is low. Cardiovascular risk factors—hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, and smoking/smokeless tobacco use—are highly prevalent. There is low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in patients with diabetes.