Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring external and internal loads of brazilian soccer referees during official matches.

This study aimed to assess the external and internal loads of Brazilian soccer referees during official matches. A total of 11 field referees (aged 36.2 ± 7.5 years) were monitored during 35 matches. The external (distance covered, mean and maximal speed) and internal load parameters (session ratings of perceived exertion [RPE] training load [TL], Edwards' TL, and time spent in different heart rate [HR] zones) were assessed in 3-4 matches per referee. External load parameters were measured using a wrist Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver. No differences in distance covered (5.219 ± 205 vs. 5.230 ± 237 m) and maximal speed (19.3 ± 1.0 vs. 19.4 ± 1.4 km·h(-1)) were observed between the halves of the matches (p > 0.05). However, the mean speed was higher in the first half of the matches (6.6 ± 0.4 vs. 6.4 ± 0.3 km·h(-1)) (p < 0.05) than in the second half. The mean HR during the matches was ~89% of HRmax. In ~95% of the matches, the referees demonstrated a HR ≥ 80% of HRmax. Nonetheless, the time spent at 90-100% of HRmax was higher in the first half (59.9 vs. 52.3%) (p < 0.05). Significant correlations between session RPE TL and distance covered at 90-100% of HRmax (r = 0.62) and session RPE TL and maximal speed (r = 0.54) (p < 0.05) were noted. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between session RPE TL and Edwards' TL (r = 0.61) (p < 0.05). Brazilian soccer referees demonstrated high external and internal load demands during official matches. The portable GPS/HR monitors and session RPE method can provide relevant information regarding the magnitude of the physiological strain during official matches. Key PointsHigh external and internal loads were imposed on Brazilian soccer referees during official matches.There was a high positive correlation between a subjective marker of internal load (session RPE) and parameters of external load (distance covered between 90-100% of HRmax and maximal speed). There was a high positive correlation between session RPE method and Edwards' method.Session RPE seems to be a reliable marker of internal load.The portable GPS/HR monitors and the session RPE method can provide relevant information regarding the magnitude of external and internal loads of soccer referees during official matches.
Restorative Justice: A Changing Community Response.

Our purpose herein is to demonstrate how restorative justice continues to unfold globally and we explain how the use of a restorative justice ideology and intervention leads to a common alternative, not only in criminal justice institutions, but also within social agencies, such as elementary schools, and the related social support systems. We draw attention to this emerging trend via current research and resources that enable us to put forward a definition, theoretical background and list the characteristic traits of this alternative mode of life consequence. Finally, we argue that the use of restorative justice in schools is a focus that is really a paradigm shift within the landscape of the educational enterprise.
Detecting Web Content Function Using Generalized Hidden Markov Model

Web content function indicates authors' intension towards the purpose of the content and therefore plays an important role for Web information processing. In this paper we propose a generalized hidden Markov model which extends traditional hidden Markov model for Web content function detection. By incorporating multiple emission features and detecting state transition sequence based on layout structure, generalized hidden Markov model can effectively make use of Web-specific information and achieve better performance comparing to traditional hidden Markov model. Comparing to previous approaches on function detection, our approach has the advantages of domain-independency and extensibility for other applications. Experiments show promising results with our approach
Clustering elliptical anomalies in sensor networks

We model anomalies in wireless sensor networks with ellipsoids that represent node measurements. Elliptical anomalies (EAs) are level sets of ellipsoids, and classify them as type 1, type 2 and higher order anomalies. Three measures of (dis)similarity between pairs of ellipsoids convert model ellipsoids into dissimilarity data. Clusters in the dissimilarity data may correspond to normal and anomalous measurements and nodes in the network. Assessment of (clustering) tendency is facilitated by visual inspection of (VAT/iVAT) images. Two examples illustrate the potential for anomaly detection.
What is learning presence and what can it tell us about success in learning online?

The Community of Inquiry (COI) framework focused on the roles of course design and facilitation (Teaching Presence), students' sense of community and belonging (Social Presence), and cognitive engagement with the course content (Cognitive Presence) in developing valuable learning experiences in primarily text-based learning environments. The role of students' self-regulatory processes (Learning Presence) along with the original constructs was proposed in recent years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the measurement and dimensionality of TP, SP, LP, and CP. The internal reliability of survey instrument used in the study was established by evaluation of Cronbach's alpha for the TP, SP, CP, and LP scales. The reliability coefficients ranged from 0.79 to 0.92. Hierarchical linear regression was then used to evaluate the relationship of LP to CP, controlling for variance already explained by TP and SP. The two-step hierarchical linear regression (n = 248) showed that TP and SP explained 52 percent of the variance in CP, R-square = 0.520, F(2, 245) = 132.73, p <; 0.01 in the first model. In the second model, LP explained and additional 9 percent of the of the variance in CP beyond what was explained by TP and SP, delta R-square = 0.090, F(l, 244) = 56.08, p <; 0.01. Results from this study suggest that LP adds value to the COI framework and warrants further investigation.
Cross-cultural similarities and differences in music mood perception

Prior research suggests that listeners from different cultural backgrounds appreciate music differently. Although music mood/emotion is an important part of music seeking and appreciation, few cross-cultural music information retrieval (MIR) studies focus on music mood. Moreover, existing studies on crosscultural music perception often only compare listeners from two cultures, in most cases, Western vs. Nonwestern cultures. In order to fill these gaps, this study compares music mood perceptions of listeners from three distinct cultures: American, Korean, and Chinese. Our findings reveal that the perceptions of the three cultural groups are generally different, but in many aspects, Korean listeners are situated in between listeners from the two other cultures. This paper describes the comparison of the three cultural groups from the perspectives of mood perceptions, musical (stimuli) characteristics, and listeners’ (subjects) characteristics. The findings of this study have implications for the design of cross-cultural and global MIR systems.
Speech overlap detection in a two-pass speaker diarization system

In this paper we present the two-pass speaker diarization system that we developed for the NIST RT09s evaluation. In the first pass of our system a model for speech overlap detection is generated automatically. This model is used in two ways to reduce the diarization errors due to overlapping speech. First, it is used in a second diarization pass to remove overlapping speech from the data while training the speaker models. Second, it is used to find speech overlap for the final segmentation so that overlapping speech segments can be generated. The experiments show that our overlap detection method improves the performance of all three of our system configurations. Index Terms: Speaker diarization, speech overlap detection, Benchmark
A Social Network Perspective on Knowledge Management

Social networks—the sets of relations that link individuals and collectives—have implications for the speed and effectiveness with which knowledge is created and disseminated in organizations Both social networks and knowledge management (KM) are complex, multifaceted phenomena that are as yet imperfectly understood. Not unsurprisingly, our understanding of the interface between the two is similarly imperfect and evolving. There are, however, a number of foundational concepts upon which existing thought converges as well as a body of emerging research that offers practical and conceptual guidance for developing the kind of network best suited for managing different kinds of knowledge. In this article, we introduce rudimentary network concepts, briefly recapitulate KM and organizational learning concepts related to networks, and then explore some of the interfaces between social networks and KM.
Investigating the effectiveness of physical training through exergames: Focus on balance and aerobic protocols

Games have been used extensibvely for physical training. In this study emphasis is placed on computerized physical exercise and its positive effects in the physical and mental capacity as well as the quality of life of participants. Improvements are considered in two cases of different physical exercise protocols: balance and aerobic protocol. Twenty two elderly women participated in the pilots (age range 60–78 years) through either an aerobic or balance oriented exergaming protocol. The intervention lasted 10 weeks (20 sessions, 2 times / week, 50') and was held at the Day Care Center of Municipality of Pella. The results showed statistically significant improvement in the upper and lower body strength, balance and aerobic capacity as well as shoulder flexibility, gait and fall prevention capacity. Finally, participant quality of life, mood and processing speed was statistically significant improved too.
Image resolution enhancement using undecimated double density dual tree wavelet transform

In this paper, an undecimated double density dual tree discrete wavelet transform (UDDDT-DWT) based image resolution enhancement technique is proposed. The critically sampled discrete wavelet transform (DWT) suffers from the drawbacks of being shift-variant and lacking the capacity to process directional information in images. The double density dual tree wavelet transform (DDDT-WT) is an approximately shift-invariant transform capturing directional information. The UDDDT-DWT is an improvement of the DDDT-DWT, making it exactly shift-invariant. The method uses a forward and inverse (UDDDT-DWT) to construct a high-resolution (HR) image from the given lower-resolution (LR) image. The HR image is reconstructed from the LR image using the inverse UDDDT-DWT. Results are presented and discussed through comparisons between state-of-the-art resolution enhancement methods.
Estudos de adaptação do Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) para a população portuguesa

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening instrument with greater sensitivity than the Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) to milder stages of cognitive decline, especially to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which often progresses to Dementia. This paper describes the stages of cultural adaptation of MoCA to the Portuguese population and analyzes the equivalence between the original and the Portuguese final version. The process involved translation, linguistic improvement of the instrument and manual, studies with the experimental version, revision and adjustments required to finalize the Portuguese version, and analysis of equivalence to the original version. Studies corroborate MoCA’s good psychometric properties, its validity, clinical utility, and equivalence to the original instrument in various levels considered. The MoCA is a privileged instrument for early detection of cognitive decline that is properly adapted to the Portuguese population
Determinants of Bank Interest Margins in Sub-Saharan Africa

Financial intermediation is low in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) compared to other regions of the world. This paper examines the determinants of bank interest margins using a sample of 456 banks in 41 SSA countries. The results show that market concentration is positively associated with interest margins, but the impact depends on the level of efficiency of each bank. In particular, compared to inefficient banks, efficient ones increase their margins more in concentrated markets. This indicates that policies that promote competition and reduce market concentration would help lower interest margins in SSA. The results also show that bank-specific factors such as credit risk, liquidity risk, and bank equity are important determinants of interest margins. Finally, interest margins are sensitive to inflation, but not to economic growth or public or foreign ownership. There are regional differences within SSA regarding the level of interest margins even after controlling for other factors.
A new occupational self-efficacy scale and its relation to personality constructs and organizational variables

Three studies on occupational self-efficacy are presented. In the first study, a scale of occupational self-efficacy is developed and set in relation to several personality constructs (general self-efficacy, self-esteem, internal control beliefs, and neuroticism). The correlations found are in the expected direction and of the expected size. In a second and third study, results on the relation to task demands, leader-member exchange (that is quality of exchange between a leader and his/her subordinates), job satisfaction, and to commitment (third study) are reported and were all found to be positive and significant. In addition, occupational selfefficacy can be shown to have some incremental validity in predicting job satisfaction beyond core self-evaluation constructs. In general, occupational selfefficacy can be recommended as a reliable, one-dimensional construct. Its relations to personality constructs and organizational variables show acceptable construct and criterion validity. Implications for practical use of the instrument are discussed.
Impact of skeletal divergence on oral health-related quality of life and self-reported jaw function

Objective To investigate the differences in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-reported jaw function between patients with hyperdivergent and normodivergent facial types. Methods Eighty patients with a distinctively hyperdivergent facial type (mandibular plane angle greater than 2 standard deviations, or 42°) and 80 controls were individually matched according to age, sex, ethnicity, and treatment stage. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires such as the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8). Results The mean age of the patients was 17.2 ± 4.6 years (range, 12–9 years), with most (65.0%) being female and of New Zealand European origin (91.3%). Individuals with hyperdivergent facial types had higher overall and social domain scores on the OHIP-14 (p < 0.05) than did the ones with normodivergent facial types. However, the intergroup differences in JFLS-8 scores were not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions Jaw function appears to be similar in individuals with hyperdivergent and normodivergent facial morphologies. However, those with hyperdivergent facial types are more likely to self-report poorer OHRQoL than are those with normal faces, especially in relation to social aspects.
An OCR System for Printed Documents

This paper describes the general structure of a full automated document analysis system for printed documents. The system is based on a character preclassification stage which reduces the number of patterns to recognize and introduces a new contextual processing. This specific approach for multifont printed documents reading is based on pattern character redundancies. With the study of prototype pattern instead of characters, we can extract reliable contextual information on the entire text. This statistical information is used to check hypotheses given by the multifont recognition stage. We shall describe the system organization and particularly the preclassification stage, then we shall give some results on recent documents.
University of Groningen Single particle electron microscopy

Electron microscopy (EM) in combination with image analysis is a powerful technique to study protein structures at low, medium, and high resolution. Since electron micrographs of biological objects are very noisy, improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio by image processing is an integral part of EM, and this is performed by averaging large numbers of individual projections. Averaging procedures can be divided into crystallographic and non-crystallographic methods. The crystallographic averaging method, based on two-dimensional (2D) crystals of (membrane) proteins, yielded in solving atomic protein structures in the last century. More recently, single particle analysis could be extended to solve atomic structures as well. It is a suitable method for large proteins, viruses, and proteins that are difficult to crystallize. Because it is also a fast method to reveal the low-to-medium resolution structures, the impact of its application is growing rapidly. Technical aspects, results, and possibilities are presented.
Identifying Brain Image Level Endophenotypes in Epilepsy

A brain wide association study (BWAS) based on the logistic regression was first developed and applied to a large population of epilepsy patients (168) and healthy controls (136). It was found that the most significant links associated with epilepsy are those bilateral links with regions mainly belonging to the default mode network and subcortex, such as amygdala, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, temporal pole, parahippocampal gyrus, insula, middle occipital gyrus, cuneus. These links were found to have much higher odd ratios than other links, and all of them showed reduced functional couplings in patients compared with controls. Interestingly, with the increasing of the seizure onset frequency or duration of illness, the functional connection between these bilateral regions became further reduced. On the other hand, as a functional compensation and brain plasticity, connections of these bilateral regions to other brain regions were abnormally enhanced and became even much stronger with the increase of the seizure onset frequency. Furthermore, patients had higher network efficiencies than healthy controls, and the seizure onset frequency was found to be positively correlated with the network efficiency. A negative correlation between the bilateral connection and the network efficiency was also observed. To further validate our findings, we then employed our BWAS results in discriminating patients from healthy controls and the leave-one-out accuracy was around 78%. Given the fact that a genome-wide association study with a large cohort has failed to identify any significant association between genes and epilepsy, our study could provide us with a set of endophenotypes for further study.
Attending patient funerals: Practices and attitudes of Australian medical practitioners

ABSTRACT The appropriateness of attending a patient’s funeral is a medical dilemma. This article focuses on 437 doctors who participated in an online survey. Seventy-one percent of general practitioners, 67% of oncologists, 67% of psychiatrists, 63% of palliative medicine specialists, 52% of surgeons, and 22% of intensive care specialists had attended patient funerals. Significant differences in demographics and between specialties were identified in terms of barriers and benefits associated with attendance. Although attendance is a personal decision, there is a need for open discussions in medical education and professional development concerning death and the role of doctors after a patient dies.
In the Wake of Terrorist Attack, Hatred May Mask Fear

Reactions of anger, rage, and hatred in the wake of September 11 terrorist attack are considered in light of the psychology of emotion and stress. Acknowledging underlying grief and fear through self-reflection, writing, and social communication is likely to reduce unchecked anger, rage, and hatred. Hate crimes may also have some psychological bases in responses to stress called “flight-or-fight. ” When flight is not an option, identifying and hating an enemy may have had evolutionary value for survival. This response creates harm in the current situation. An alternative cooperative response to stress, called “tend-and-befriend” by researchers, will be more helpful. In Wyoming an angry group of shoppers chased a woman and her children from a Wal-Mart, apparently because the woman and children were Muslim. In New York a young Manhattan couple yelled insults at a Lebanese American who was searching for survivors from the arts center he had run at the World Trade Center. A mosque in Denton, Texas, was fire-bombed. Why have these and other similar expressions of hostility toward people of Middle Eastern heritage already occurred across the United States following the September 11 terrorist attack (cnn.com, 2001; Thomson, 2001)? Surely we know that all Arabs or all Muslims are no more responsible for the horrific tragedy than are all Irish or all Christians responsible for terrorism in northern Ireland. Surely we do not want to repeat acts reminiscent of our own history of severely mistreating innocent Japanese Americans during World War II. Surely we don’t want to engage in the same sort of racism and hatred of innocent people that we find so Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 2002, pp. 5–8
Chronic Arsenic Exposure and Oxidative Stress: OGG1 Expression and Arsenic Exposure, Nail Selenium, and Skin Hyperkeratosis in Inner Mongolia

Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is known to induce oxidative damage to DNA. In this study we investigated oxidative stress and As exposure by determining gene expression of OGG1, which codes for an enzyme, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, involved in removing 8-oxoguanine in As-exposed individuals. Bayingnormen (Ba Men) residents in Inner Mongolia are chronically exposed to As via drinking water. Water, toenail, and blood samples were collected from 299 Ba Men residents exposed to 0.34–826 μg/L As. RNA was isolated from blood, and mRNA levels of OGG1 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. OGG1 expression levels were linked to As concentrations in drinking water and nails, selenium concentrations in nails, and skin hyperkeratosis. OGG1 expression was strongly associated with water As concentrations (p < 0.0001). Addition of the quadratic term significantly improved the fit compared with the linear model (p = 0.05). The maximal OGG1 response was at the water As concentration of 149 μg/L. OGG1 expression was also significantly associated with toenail As concentrations (p = 0.015) but inversely associated with nail Se concentrations (p = 0.0095). We found no significant differences in the As-induced OGG1 expression due to sex, smoking, or age even though the oldest group showed the strongest OGG1 response (p = 0.0001). OGG1 expression showed a dose-dependent increased risk of skin hyperkeratosis in males (trend analysis, p = 0.02), but the trend was not statistically significant in females. The results from this study provide a linkage between oxidative stress and As exposure in humans. OGG1 expression may be useful as a biomarker for assessing oxidative stress from As exposure.