Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topic model-based recommendation system for media re-creation service

This paper proposes a topic model-based recommendation system that predicts a user's rating score of a searched media unit for media re-creation service. The purpose of the proposed recommender is to perform a context-aware recommendation of suitable media units for a user's purpose and context. For this purpose, it uses a topic vector based on the metadata of the media to compare the similarity of subject of recreated and re-creating media. In the experiment to validate the concept of the proposed recommender, the efficiency of recommendation was improved while indicating the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) is lowered without significant time consumption.
EDA Signaling and Skin Appendage Development

The same morphogenetic signals are often involved in the development of different organs. For developing skin appendages, a model for tissue-specific regulation of signaling is provided by the EDA pathway, which accesses the otherwise ubiquitous NF-κB transcription factors. EDA signaling is mediated by ectodysplasin, EDAR and EDARADD, which form a new TNF ligand-receptor-adaptor family that is restricted to skin appendages in vertebrates from fish to human. The critical function of the pathway was demonstrated in the hereditary genetic disorder Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (EDA), which is characterized by defective formation of hair follicles, sweat glands and teeth. The pathway does not appear to initiate the development of the appendages, but is regulated by and regulates the course of further morphogenesis. In mice, transgenic and knockout strains have increasingly revealed features of the mechanism, and suggest possible non-invasive interventions to alleviate EDA deficiency, especially in sweat glands and eyes.
Health effects of ‘Juntos’, a conditional cash transfer programme in Peru

In some countries, conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes show an impact on maternal and child health. Juntos, the CCT programme in Peru, has been evaluated several times operationally, but seldom for maternal and child health outcomes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of Juntos on children under 6 years, pregnant women and mothers of children under 17 years. Outcomes evaluated included (1) anaemia in women and children; (2) acute malnutrition in children; (3) post-partum complications in mothers; and (4) underweight and overweight in mothers. We identified Juntos eligible respondents from the Demographic and Health Surveys of Peru for years 2007 to 2013. Propensity score matching was used to identify comparable treatment and control groups, including eligible respondents enrolled in Juntos vs. those not enrolled in Juntos (individual-level analysis), as well as eligible respondents living in Juntos districts vs. those not residing in Juntos districts (district-level analysis). We then used generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios. Individual level analysis showed that Juntos reduced underweight in women (PR:0.39, 95%CI:0.18 - 0.85) and anaemia in children (PR:0.93, 95%CI:0.86 - 1.00). In the district level analysis, the programme was associated with a reduction of overweight in women (PR:0.94, 95%CI:0.90 - 0.98) and acute malnutrition in children (PR:0.49, 95%CI:0.32 - 0.73), but an increase in the prevalence of anaemia in children (PR:1.09, 95%CI:1.01 - 1.17). We found that Juntos had an effect on maternal and child health indicators, but further studies are required to overcome some limitations encountered here.
Possible Role of the Direction of Attention in Ventriloquism

When auditory and visual events, such as sound bursts and light flashes, occur close together in time but at somewhat disparate locations, source localization for one modality interacts with that for the other modality in characteristic ways (Bermant & Welch, 1976; Bertelson, 1994, 1998; Radeau, 1994). These interactions are interesting because they may help us to understand the processes by which a coherent representation of extrapersonal space is established and maintained. It has become customary to apply the collective term ventriloquism to all cases of auditory–visual spatial interaction, because the most familiar example from everyday life is the illusion created by performing ventriloquists, whereby the speech they produce without visible articulatory movements appears to come from a puppet they move in approximate synchrony with the speech sounds. A similar illusion is, of course, experienced by most movie audiences when they hear the spoken soundtrack as emanating from the actor’s moving mouth on the screen. Several previous studies have considered whether such ventriloquism is due primarily to sensory factors or to more cognitive factors. In this article, we test, for the first time, whether ventriloquism depends on the direction of deliberate visual attention. Ventriloquism has been formally demonstrated in many situations with spatial discordance between concurrent auditory and visual events and is revealed both by its online effects and by its aftereffects. The on-line effects include a cross-modal influence on unimodal localization, sometimes called crossmodal bias.1 This is shown when a subject is asked to localize the stimulation from just one of the two modalities (e.g., by pointing or by verbal report),
Effects of Adolescent Childbearing on Maternal Depression and Problem Behaviors: A Prospective, Population-Based Study Using Risk-Set Propensity Scores

Adolescent mothers are reportedly at risk for depression and problem behaviors in the postpartum period, but studies have rarely considered developmental context and have yet to disentangle the effects of childbearing on adolescent functioning from selection effects that are associated with early pregnancy. The current study examined changes in adolescent depression, conduct problems and substance use (alcohol, tobacco and marijuana) across the peripartum period using risk-set propensity scores derived from a population-based, prospective study that began in childhood (the Pittsburgh Girls Study, PGS). Each of 147 childbearing adolescents (ages 12–19) was matched with two same-age, non-childbearing adolescents (n = 294) on pregnancy propensity using 15 time-varying risk variables derived from sociodemographic, psychopathology, substance use, family, peer and neighborhood domains assessed in the PGS wave prior to each pregnancy (T1). Postpartum depression and problem behaviors were assessed within the first 6 months following delivery (T2); data gathered from the non-childbearing adolescent controls spanned the same interval. Within the childbearing group, conduct problems and marijuana use reduced from T1 to T2, but depression severity and frequency of alcohol or tobacco use showed no change. When change was compared across the matched groups, conduct problems showed a greater reduction among childbearing adolescents. Relative to non-childbearing adolescents who reported more frequent substance use with time, childbearing adolescents reported no change in alcohol use and less frequent use of marijuana across the peripartum period. There were no group differences in patterns of change for depression severity and tobacco use. The results do not support the notion that adolescent childbearing represents a period of heightened risk for depression or problem behaviors.
Constructing New Identities in Established Organization Fields Young Universities in Old Europe

In the production of consumer goods and services, firms are born and die by the thousands every year, and nobody finds it alarming. In contrast, universities seem to last forever, and until recently very few new ones were born. We are speaking here about European universities, most of which date back to the seventeenth century, with many older ones founded in the thirteenth century. Recently, however, new universities opened, mainly as a result of the EC's regional development policies. This article tells a story of two "young" universities: one in southern Italy and the other in northern Germany. Both were created in response to the needs of what were considered underdeveloped regions. The South Italian University, hereinafter called SIU, survived and became a state university. The North German University, NGU, did not survive, and what remained of it was incorporated into a neighboring state university. We would like to stress at the outset that our story represents a limited perspective - that of emerging organizations attempting to construct an identity within a well-established field. It could be complemented and/or contradicted by versions focusing on other aspects, but we feel that this perspective offers a useful lesson to future organizers who will try to establish a new university in a European country. We show the difficulties they will encounter and some possible strategies of coping with them. Our analysis is structured around three main concepts: (1) organization field, originating in the new institutional theory (DiMaggio, 1983; DiMaggio and Powell, 1983; Powell and DiMaggio, 1991), (2) action nets (Czarniawska, 1997), and (3) organizational identity (Czarniawska-Joerges, 1994).
Cell-to-cell contact facilitates HIV transmission from lymphocytes to astrocytes via CXCR4

Objectives:HIV reservoir in the brain represents a major barrier for curing HIV infection. As the most abundant, long-lived cell type, astrocytes play a critical role in maintaining the reservoir; however, the mechanism of infection remains unknown. Here, we determine how viral transmission occurs from HIV-infected lymphocytes to astrocytes by cell-to-cell contact. Design and methods:Human astrocytes were exposed to HIV-infected lymphocytes and monitored by live-imaging, confocal microscopy, transmission and three-dimensional electron microscopy. A panel of receptor antagonists was used to determine the mechanism of viral entry. Results:We found that cell-to-cell contact resulted in efficient transmission of X4 or X4R5-using viruses from T lymphocytes to astrocytes. In co-cultures of astrocytes with HIV-infected lymphocytes, the interaction occurred through a dynamic process of attachment and detachment of the two cell types. Infected lymphocytes invaginated into astrocytes or the contacts occurred via filopodial extensions from either cell type, leading to the formation of virological synapses. In the synapses, budding of immature or incomplete HIV particles from lymphocytes occurred directly onto the membranes of astrocytes. This cell-to-cell transmission could be almost completely blocked by anti-CXCR4 antibody and its antagonist, but only partially inhibited by anti-CD4, ICAM1 antibodies. Conclusion:Cell-to-cell transmission was mediated by a unique mechanism by which immature viral particles initiated a fusion process in a CXCR4-dependent, CD4-independent manner. These observations have important implications for developing approaches to prevent formation of HIV reservoirs in the brain.
Imaging of Vapor Plumes Produced by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption: A Plume Sharpening Effect

The first gated imaging of both light matrix molecule and heavy biomolecule vapor expansion during matrix assisted laser desorption and ionization is reported, revealing a plume sharpening effect. Laser induced fluorescence imaging of dye-tagged DNasethinspthinspI proteins shows that these heavy molecules (30thinsp000thinspthinspDa) propagate within a very narrow angular distribution compared to that of the 3-HPA matrix (139thinspthinspDa). A special solution of the gas dynamic equations is developed to describe the 3D coexpansion of heavy and light plume components. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
3D Prior Image Constrained Projection Completion for X-ray CT Metal Artifact Reduction

The presence of metallic implants in the body of patients undergoing X-ray computed tomography (CT) examinations often results in severe streaking artifacts that degrade image quality. In this work, we propose a new metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm for 2D fan-beam and 3D cone-beam CT based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) completion of the projections corrupted by metallic implants. In this algorithm, the prior knowledge obtained from a tissue-classified prior image is exploited in the completion of missing projections and incorporated into a new prior potential function. The prior is especially designed to exploit and promote the sparsity of a residual projection (sinogram) dataset obtained from the subtraction of the unknown target dataset from the projection dataset of the tissue-classified prior image. The MAP completion is formulated as an equality-constrained convex optimization and solved using an accelerated projected gradient algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with two state-of-the-art algorithms, namely 3D triangulated linear interpolation (LI) and normalized metal artifact reduction (NMAR) algorithm using simulated and clinical studies. The simulations targeting artifact reduction in 2D fan-beam and 3D cone-beam CT demonstrate that our algorithm can outperform its counterparts, particularly in cone-beam CT. In the clinical datasets, the performance of the proposed algorithm was subjectively and objectively compared in terms of metal artifact reduction of a sequence of 2D CT slices. The clinical results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces metal artifacts without introducing new artifacts due to erroneous interpolation and normalization as in the case of LI and NMAR algorithms.
Standards for data acquisition and software‐based analysis of in vivo electroencephalography recordings from animals. A TASK1‐WG5 report of the AES/ILAE Translational Task Force of the ILAE

Electroencephalography (EEG)—the direct recording of the electrical activity of populations of neurons—is a tremendously important tool for diagnosing, treating, and researching epilepsy. Although standard procedures for recording and analyzing human EEG exist and are broadly accepted, there are no such standards for research in animal models of seizures and epilepsy—recording montages, acquisition systems, and processing algorithms may differ substantially among investigators and laboratories. The lack of standard procedures for acquiring and analyzing EEG from animal models of epilepsy hinders the interpretation of experimental results and reduces the ability of the scientific community to efficiently translate new experimental findings into clinical practice. Accordingly, the intention of this report is twofold: (1) to review current techniques for the collection and software‐based analysis of neural field recordings in animal models of epilepsy, and (2) to offer pertinent standards and reporting guidelines for this research. Specifically, we review current techniques for signal acquisition, signal conditioning, signal processing, data storage, and data sharing, and include applicable recommendations to standardize collection and reporting. We close with a discussion of challenges and future opportunities, and include a supplemental report of currently available acquisition systems and analysis tools. This work represents a collaboration on behalf of the American Epilepsy Society/International League Against Epilepsy (AES/ILAE) Translational Task Force (TASK1‐Workgroup 5), and is part of a larger effort to harmonize video‐EEG interpretation and analysis methods across studies using in vivo and in vitro seizure and epilepsy models.
Inorganic Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging

Multimodal molecular imaging can offer a synergistic improvement of diagnostic ability over a single imaging modality. Recent development of hybrid imaging systems has profoundly impacted the pool of available multimodal imaging probes. In particular, much interest has been focused on biocompatible, inorganic nanoparticle-based multimodal probes. Inorganic nanoparticles offer exceptional advantages to the field of multimodal imaging owing to their unique characteristics, such as nanometer dimensions, tunable imaging properties, and multifunctionality. Nanoparticles mainly based on iron oxide, quantum dots, gold, and silica have been applied to various imaging modalities to characterize and image specific biologic processes on a molecular level. A combination of nanoparticles and other materials such as biomolecules, polymers, and radiometals continue to increase functionality for in vivo multimodal imaging and therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the unique concepts, characteristics, and applications of the various multimodal imaging probes based on inorganic nanoparticles.
Life Inside a Thin Section: Tomography

Electron microscopic tomography is proving useful to examine the organization of protein molecules in large molecular machines at critical neural sites, such as synapses. Methods are still in a state of flux, and many steps exist between a neuron and a molecular model of one of its synapses. Here, we show our approach for doing tomography on synaptic structure, hoping thereby to shed light generally on the emerging field of EM tomography.
Modulation of prefrontal cortex excitation/inhibition balance rescues social behavior in CNTNAP2-deficient mice

Using optogenetics to modulate the excitation/inhibition balance in the prefrontal cortex of an autism-like mouse model rescued social behavior deficits. Social interactions light up Neurophysiological phenomena that underlie the symptoms of autism remain unclear. Genetics-based mouse models of autism have suggested that there is an increase in the neuronal excitation/inhibition (E:I) balance. An optogenetically driven increase in this E:I balance leads to social deficits in mice. Using mice lacking CNTNAP2, a gene known to be associated with autism in humans, Selimbeyoglu and colleagues now show that real-time optogenetic modulation of the E:I balance rescued social behavior deficits and hyperactivity in these animals. This study highlights the potential for modulating neural circuits in the brain as a strategy for treating autism. Alterations in the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition (E:I balance) have been implicated in the neural circuit activity–based processes that contribute to autism phenotypes. We investigated whether acutely reducing E:I balance in mouse brain could correct deficits in social behavior. We used mice lacking the CNTNAP2 gene, which has been implicated in autism, and achieved a temporally precise reduction in E:I balance in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) either by optogenetically increasing the excitability of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) neurons or decreasing the excitability of excitatory pyramidal neurons. Surprisingly, both of these distinct, real-time, and reversible optogenetic modulations acutely rescued deficits in social behavior and hyperactivity in adult mice lacking CNTNAP2. Using fiber photometry, we discovered that native mPFC PV neuronal activity differed between CNTNAP2 knockout and wild-type mice. During social interactions with other mice, PV neuron activity increased in wild-type mice compared to interactions with a novel object, whereas this difference was not observed in CNTNAP2 knockout mice. Together, these results suggest that real-time modulation of E:I balance in the mouse prefrontal cortex can rescue social behavior deficits reminiscent of autism phenotypes.
System-level performance evaluation for non-orthogonal multiple access in coordinated direct and relay transmission

In this paper, the system-level performance of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in coordinated direct and relay transmission (CDRT) is investigated. Considering a successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver under the 3D channel model for LTE, the system-level performance of the NOMA-CDRT is compared to the NOMA in non-coordinated direct and relay transmission (nCDRT). Simulation results show that the NOMA-CDRT has the superior performance than nCDRT.
A reversal of the search asymmetry favouring negative schematic faces

Quite a number of studies have tested whether the affective valence of stimuli can guide attention in visual search. Studies using schematic affective faces frequently found a relative search asymmetry (RSA), with more efficient search for a negative face in a friendly crowd than vice versa. Whether, however, this effect relates to differences in affect or to the confounded differences in perceptual features is unknown. The present study proposes and tests a similarity-based account for the RSA. Experiments 1a and 1b first replicate the typical RSA. Experiment 2 shows that the stimulus could be simplified to some degree without losing the RSA. Experiments 3 and 4, finally, demonstrate that the RSA could be reversed by a rather simple stimulus change, that leaves the facial expression intact. It is concluded that the strong dependence of the RSA on stimulus factors seriously questions the claim that emotional factors drive the RSA.
Global patterning of the vertebrate mesoderm

We describe recent advances in the understanding of patterning in the vertebrate post‐cranial mesoderm. Specifically, we discuss the integration of local information into global level information that results in the overall coordination along the anterioposterior axis. Experiments related to the integration of the axial and appendicular musculoskeletal systems are considered, and examples of genetic interactions between these systems are outlined. We emphasize the utility of the terms primaxial and abaxial as an aid to understanding development of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system, and hypothesize that the lateral somitic frontier is a catalyst for evolutionary change. Developmental Dynamics 236:2371–2381, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SNPs selected by information content outperform randomly selected microsatellite loci for delineating genetic identification and introgression in the endangered dark European honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera)

The honeybee (Apis mellifera) has been threatened by multiple factors including pests and pathogens, pesticides and loss of locally adapted gene complexes due to replacement and introgression. In western Europe, the genetic integrity of the native A. m. mellifera (M‐lineage) is endangered due to trading and intensive queen breeding with commercial subspecies of eastern European ancestry (C‐lineage). Effective conservation actions require reliable molecular tools to identify pure‐bred A. m. mellifera colonies. Microsatellites have been preferred for identification of A. m. mellifera stocks across conservation centres. However, owing to high throughput, easy transferability between laboratories and low genotyping error, SNPs promise to become popular. Here, we compared the resolving power of a widely utilized microsatellite set to detect structure and introgression with that of different sets that combine a variable number of SNPs selected for their information content and genomic proximity to the microsatellite loci. Contrary to every SNP data set, microsatellites did not discriminate between the two lineages in the PCA space. Mean introgression proportions were identical across the two marker types, although at the individual level, microsatellites' performance was relatively poor at the upper range of Q‐values, a result reflected by their lower precision. Our results suggest that SNPs are more accurate and powerful than microsatellites for identification of A. m. mellifera colonies, especially when they are selected by information content.