Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T-odd correlations from the top-quark chromoelectric dipole moment in lepton plus jets top-pair events

There exist several recent studies of the top-quark CEDM in the context of searching for CP violating signals in top-quark pair production at the LHC. Most of these studies constrain the CEDM either from deviations in the top-pair cross section from its standard model value, or from T-odd asymmetries in the dimuon channel. Motivated by ATLAS and CMS interest, we extend the study of T-odd asymmetries to the lepton plus jets channel. At the parton level, using MadGraph 5, we identify the most promising signals and their statistical sensitivity. We find that the signals with larger sensitivity to the , !
Skin Back Hindleg Forepaw Skeletal muscles Soleus Gastrocnemius Heart Atrium Right ventricle Left ventricle Digestive system Esophagus Stomach Jejunum Ileum Colon Pancreas Liver Other organs Renal cortex Renal medulla Spleen Hypophysis Thyroid Adrenals

Changes in the fractional distribution of cardiac output (FF), organ blood flow, and regional vascular resistance were measured by the isotope dilution technique of Sapirstein using Rb as indicator in unanesthetized rats during acute arterial hypertension produced by bilateral lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). After NTS lesions, the FF was significantly reduced in skin, muscle, and colon, increased in ventricular myocardium, spleen, and adrenal glands, and was unchanged elsewhere. Because of a marked reduction in cardiac output (CO) during hypertension, the absolute organ blood flow (FF x CO) was reduced in lesioned rats to 30-40% of control in skin, muscle, and colon and between 60% and 75% of control in most of the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract and renal cortex; it was unchanged in myocardium and endocrine glands. Resistance was substantially increased (4to 6-fold) in skin, muscle and colon but was only moderately increased (1.5to 2.5-fold) in the remaining organs. The results indicate that, while NTS lesions will increase resistance in most vascular beds, the response is unequally distributed, influencing skin, muscle, and colon disproportionately to other tissues. Because of an interaction between a reduction in CO and little autoregulation, blood flow is reduced primarily in skin, muscle, and colon. The pattern of redistribution of CO was consistent with the interpretation that NTS hypertension results from interrupting baroreceptor reflexes centrally. The pattern of redistribution of blood flow in rats with NTS lesions differs from that produced by deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt and renal ischemia.
Chronic oedema/lymphoedema: under‐recognised and under‐treated

Even though it is estimated that at least 300 000 people in Canada may be affected by chronic oedema/lymphoedema, recognition of the seriousness of this chronic disease in health care is scarce. Lymphoedema affects up to 70% of breast and prostate cancer patients, substantially increasing their postoperative medical costs. Adding to this problem are the escalating rates of morbid obesity across North America and the fact that 80% of these individuals are thought to suffer with an element of lymphoedema. The costs related to these patient populations and their consumption of health care resources are alarming. Untreated chronic oedema/lymphoedema is progressive and leads to infection, disfigurement, disability and in some cases even death. Thus, prognosis for the patient is far worse and treatment is more costly when the disease is not identified and treated in the earlier stages. Although the number of individuals coping with chronic oedema/lymphoedema continues to increase, the disparity between diagnosis, treatment and funding across Canada endures. The reasons for this include a lack of public awareness of the condition, insufficient education and knowledge among health care providers regarding aetiology and management and limited financial coverage to support appropriate methods and materials.
Physical activity as intervention for age-related loss of muscle mass and function: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (the LISA study)

Introduction Physical and cognitive function decline with age, accelerating during the 6th decade. Loss of muscle power (force×velocity product) is a dominant physical determinant for loss of functional ability, especially if the lower extremities are affected. Muscle strength training is known to maintain or even improve muscle power as well as physical function in older adults, but the optimal type of training for beneficial long-term training effects over several years is unknown. Moreover, the impact of muscle strength training on cognitive function and brain structure remains speculative. The primary aim of this randomised controlled trial is to compare the efficacy of two different 1 year strength training regimens on immediate and long-lasting improvements in muscle power in retirement-age individuals. Secondary aims are to evaluate the effect on muscle strength, muscle mass, physical and cognitive function, mental well-being, health-related quality of life and brain morphology. Methods and analysis The study includes 450 home-dwelling men and women (62–70 years). Participants are randomly allocated to (1) 1 year of supervised, centre-based heavy resistance training, (2) home-based moderate intensity resistance training or (3) habitual physical activity (control). Changes in primary (leg extensor power) and secondary outcomes are analysed according to the intention to treat principle and per protocol at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 years. Ethics and dissemination The study is expected to generate new insights into training-induced promotion of functional ability and independency after retirement and will help to formulate national recommendations regarding physical activity schemes for the growing population of older individuals in western societies. Results will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals, in PhD theses and at public meetings. The study is approved by the Regional Ethical Committee (Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark, number H-3-2014-017). Trial registration number NCT02123641.
Ground-Texture-Based Localization for Intelligent Vehicles

Localization is a critical problem in the research of intelligent vehicles. Although it can be achieved by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS, or fused with other methods such as dead reckoning), it may be unfeasible if every vehicle has to be equipped with such an expensive sensor. This paper proposes a ground-texture-based map-matching approach to address the localization problem. To reduce the effect of complicated illumination in outdoor environments, a camera is fixed downward at the bottom of a vehicle, and controllable lights are also equipped around the camera for consistent illumination. The proposed approach includes two steps: 1) mapping and 2) localization. RTK-GPS is only used in the mapping, and other sensor data from camera and odometry are captured with time stamps to create a global ground texture map. A multiple-view registration-based optimization algorithm is applied to improve map accuracy. In the localization step, vehicle pose is estimated by matching the current camera frame with the best submap frame and by fusion strategy. Results with both synthetic and real experiments prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Coreference Resolution in a Multilingual Information Extraction System

We present in this paper the coreference mechanism implemented in the M-LaSIE system, a prototype multilingual Information Extraction (IE) system. We describe an experiment in which texts from a parallel French/English corpus were marked up manually and processed by the system following the MUC coreference annotation scheme. This experiment allows us to assess the applicability of the MUC annotation scheme to a non-English language, to make several observations about differences in coreference behaviour in English and French, and to assess in a tentative way the cross-language portability of the M-LaSIE approach to coreference resolution.
Describing images by feeding LSTM with structural words

Generating semantic description draws increasing attention recently. Describing objects with adaptive adjunct words make the sentence more informative. In this paper, we focus on the generation of descriptions for images according to the structural words we have generated such as a tetrad of <;object, attribute, activity, scene>. We propose to use deep machine translation method to generate semantically meaningful descriptions. In particular, the description is composed of objects with appropriate adjunct words, corresponding activities and scene. We propose to use a multi-task method to generate structural words. Taking these words sequence as source language, we train a LSTM encoder-decoder machine translation model to output the target language. Experiments on the benchmark datasets demonstrate our method has better performance than state-of-the-art methods of image caption in terms of language generation metrics.
Wilderness Conservation in an Era of Global Warming and Invasive Species: A Case Study from Minnesota's Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness

ABSTRACT: Climate warming is predicted to cause boreal forests in the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW), Minnesota, to shift to savanna and/or temperate forest in the next century. Invasive earthworms, exotic tree pests, and deer overabundance will magnify the impacts of warmer temperatures. Seldom do we assess potential threats to ecosystem and wilderness integrity in a systematic way and develop policy and management strategies ahead of time to mitigate the situation. Debates on several issues involving wilderness users, managers, and scientists need to be resolved for the BWCAW. These include whether, when, and how to: (1) use fire; (2) restore tree species to wilderness areas lost through human actions (e.g., logging of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) that occurred before wilderness designation and potential loss of ash species from the introduced pest emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)); (3) manage the potential overabundance of deer that threaten reproduction of some tree species; (4) facilitate (or prevent) migration of new tree species currently native south of the wilderness; (5) employ local (within wilderness) or regional assisted migration for species that cannot migrate fast enough on their own to keep up with climate change; and (6) manage invasive species. Some of these activities would not be allowed under the wilderness laws of 1964 and 1978, and may be difficult to enact or limited in effectiveness. Major change in forests of the BWCAW is a certainty, and facilitation of a ‘graceful transition’ to native species rather than exotic species is desirable.
Automating the composition of popular music : the search for a hit.

Automated composition may be regarded as a search within the space defined by a datatype representing musical compositions. We develop a hierarchical representation of popular music compositions with the aim of increasing the probability of finding potential hits. Musical variations are calculated as difference vectors between patterns extracted from a given set of existing compositions. These form the basis of the mutation operator within an evolutionary algorithm search. Key words: automated composition, demotic, evolutionary algorithm, lead sheet, popular music, representation, search space.
Testing Submodularity and Other Properties of Valuation Functions

We show that for any constant $\epsilon > 0$ and $p \ge 1$, it is possible to distinguish functions $f : \{0,1\}^n \to [0,1]$ that are submodular from those that are $\epsilon$-far from every submodular function in $\ell_p$ distance with a constant number of queries. More generally, we extend the testing-by-implicit-learning framework of Diakonikolas et al. (2007) to show that every property of real-valued functions that is well-approximated in $\ell_2$ distance by a class of $k$-juntas for some $k = O(1)$ can be tested in the $\ell_p$-testing model with a constant number of queries. This result, combined with a recent junta theorem of Feldman and Vondrak (2016), yields the constant-query testability of submodularity. It also yields constant-query testing algorithms for a variety of other natural properties of valuation functions, including fractionally additive (XOS) functions, OXS functions, unit demand functions, coverage functions, and self-bounding functions.
Direction- and Velocity-Specific Responses from beyond the Classical Receptive Field in the Middle Temporal Visual Area (MT)

The true receptive field of more than 90% of neurons in the middle temporal visual area (MT) extends well beyond the classical receptive field (crf), as mapped with conventional bar or spot stimuli, and includes a surrounding region that is 50 to 100 times the area of the crf. These extensive surrounds are demonstrated by simultaneously stimulating the crf and the surround with moving stimuli. The surrounds commonly have directional and velocity-selective influences that are antagonistic to the response from the crf. The crfs of MT neurons are organized in a topographic representation of the visual field. Thus MT neurons are embedded in an orderly visuotopic array, but are capable of integrating local stimulus conditions within a global context. The extensive surrounds of MT neurons may be involved in figure–ground discrimination, preattentive vision, perceptual constancies, and depth perception through motion cues.
A Review of Organizational Structures of Personal Information Management

Personal information management (PIM) covers a large area of research fragmented into separate sub-areas such as file management, web bookmark organization, and email management. Consequently, it is hard to obtain a unified view of the various approaches to PIM developed in these different sub-areas. In this article, we synthesize and classify existing research on PIM based on the approach used to organize information items. We classify the organizational structures into five categories: hierarchical, flat, linear, spatial, and network. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each structure along with examples showing how to deal with the weaknesses. Finally, we provide design recommendations and a framework for researchers to experiment with various ideas for developing novel PIM tools.
The modularity of pollination networks

In natural communities, species and their interactions are often organized as nonrandom networks, showing distinct and repeated complex patterns. A prevalent, but poorly explored pattern is ecological modularity, with weakly interlinked subsets of species (modules), which, however, internally consist of strongly connected species. The importance of modularity has been discussed for a long time, but no consensus on its prevalence in ecological networks has yet been reached. Progress is hampered by inadequate methods and a lack of large datasets. We analyzed 51 pollination networks including almost 10,000 species and 20,000 links and tested for modularity by using a recently developed simulated annealing algorithm. All networks with >150 plant and pollinator species were modular, whereas networks with <50 species were never modular. Both module number and size increased with species number. Each module includes one or a few species groups with convergent trait sets that may be considered as coevolutionary units. Species played different roles with respect to modularity. However, only 15% of all species were structurally important to their network. They were either hubs (i.e., highly linked species within their own module), connectors linking different modules, or both. If these key species go extinct, modules and networks may break apart and initiate cascades of extinction. Thus, species serving as hubs and connectors should receive high conservation priorities.
When indexing equals compression: experiments with compressing suffix arrays and applications

We report on a new and improved version of high-order entropy-compressed suffix arrays, which has theoretical performance guarantees similar to those in our earlier work [16], yet represents an improvement in practice. Our experiments indicate that the resulting text index offers state-of-the-art compression. In particular, we require roughly 20% of the original text size---without requiring a separate instance of the text---and support fast and powerful searches. To our knowledge, this is the best known method in terms of space for fast searching.
In‐line liquid‐phase microextraction for selective enrichment and direct electrophoretic analysis of acidic drugs

This work describes an efficient in‐line extraction‐preconcentration unit coupled to the electrophoretic capillary based on a liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) process, which can be directly assembled to the cartridge of the commercial CE equipment. The unit permits analyte extraction, preconcentration and electrophoretic separation to be automatically performed in the commercial CE equipment without the need for additional hardware or software. This new approach was usefully used for the separation and determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in human urine permitting at least to analyze 30 consecutive real samples. The LODs were lower than 2 μg/L and the reproducibility, expressed as RSD, was 3.1% for the same unit and only 4.8% between different units.
The Role of Visual Distractors in the Simon Effect

The Simon effect lies on the automatic generation of a stimulus spatial code, which, however, is not relevant for performing the task. Results typically show faster performance when stimulus and response locations correspond, rather than when they do not. Considering reaction time distributions, two types of Simon effect have been individuated, which are thought to depend on different mechanisms: visuomotor activation versus cognitive translation of spatial codes. The present study aimed to investigate whether the presence of a distractor, which affects the allocation of attentional resources and, thus, the time needed to generate the spatial code, changes the nature of the Simon effect. In four experiments, we manipulated the presence and the characteristics of the distractor. Findings extend previous evidence regarding the distinction between visuomotor activation and cognitive translation of spatial stimulus codes in a Simon task. They are discussed with reference to the attentional model of the Simon effect.
Relevant information retrieval and fusion of anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic neuroimaging

MRI Neuroimaging provides a rich source of image content including structural (MRI, Diffusion DTI), functional (fMRI, Perfusion ASL), and metabolic (MRS) information. Today MRI capabilities allow to acquire these imaging techniques in one session in most cases. In order to be of diagnostic value, the immense and diverse data needs to be (i) automatically post-processed to extract the relevant information, e.g. 3D brain maps from 4D fMRI, and to be (ii) fused and visualized to correlate the voxel-based findings. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of automatic relevant information retrieval and fusion of MRI, fMRI, DTI, ASL, and MRS data of a pediatric population into a single semantic data representation. By using advanced imaging, we may able to detect a larger spectrum of abnormalities in the neonatal brain. Each imaging application, provides unique information about the physiology (fMRI, ASL), the anatomy (DTI), and the biochemistry (MRS) of the newborn brain in relation to normal development and brain injury. By being able to integrate this technology, we will be able to combine biochemical, physiologic and anatomic information which can provide unique insight about not only the normal development of the brain, but also injury of the neonatal brain.
Interrelationships between maternal carotenoid status and newborn infant macular pigment optical density and carotenoid status.

PURPOSE Deposition of the macular pigment carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin in the human retina occurs early in life. In this study, we examined the interrelationships of maternal carotenoid status and newborn infant macular pigment levels and systemic carotenoid status. As a secondary measure, we also evaluated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on carotenoid status in term newborn infants. METHODS We measured mother and infant skin carotenoids using resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS), serum carotenoids by HPLC, and mother breast milk carotenoids by HPLC. We measured infant macular pigment levels using noninvasive blue light reflectometry. RESULTS We enrolled 30 healthy term infants, their mothers, and 10 IUGR infants and their mothers. A subset of 16 infants was imaged for macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Infant serum zeaxanthin levels correlated with MPOD (r = 0.68, P = 0.007). Mother serum zeaxanthin levels correlated with infant MPOD (r = 0.59, P = 0.032). Infant and mother serum lutein did not correlate with MPOD. Mother-infant correlations were found for total serum carotenoids (r = 0.42, P = 0.020) and skin carotenoids (r = 0.48, P = 0.001). No difference was seen between IUGR infants and controls in total serum or skin carotenoids. Mothers of IUGR infants had lower total serum carotenoids (P = 0.019) and breast milk carotenoids than controls (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that maternal zeaxanthin status may play a more important role than lutein status in macular pigment deposition in utero. Controlled trials are needed to determine whether maternal zeaxanthin prenatal supplementation can raise infant macular pigment levels and/or improve ocular function.
To Frag or to Be Fragged - An Empirical Assessment of Latency in Cloud Gaming

With the emergence of cloud computing, diverse types of Information Technology services are increasingly provisioned through large data centers via the Internet. A relatively novel service category is cloud gaming, where video games are executed in the cloud and delivered to a client as audio/video stream. While cloud gaming substantially reduces the demand of computational power on the client side, thus enabling the use of thin clients, it may also affect the Quality of Service through the introduction of network latencies. In this work, we quantitatively examine this effect, using a self-developed measurement tool and a set of actual cloud gaming providers. For the two providers and three games in our experiment, we find absolute increases in latency between approximately 40 ms and 150 ms, or between 85% and 800% in relative terms.
Extending interaction for smart watches: enabling bimanual around device control

The size of a smart watch limits the available interactive surface for the user. Most current smart watches use a combination of a touch screen and physical buttons. Unfortunately, a small touch screen's usability is limited when it can be easily occluded, such as by a finger. In this paper, we look at extending the interactive surface for a smart watch to the back of the hand. Our approach reduces screen occlusion by enabling off-device gestural interaction. We define a range of supported bimanual gestures and present a prototype device.