Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combining weak and strong cluster lensing: applications to simulations and MS 2137

Aims. While weak lensing cannot resolve cluster cores and strong lensing is almost insensitive to density profiles outside the scale radius, combinations of both effects promise to constrain density profiles of galaxy clusters well, and thus to allow testing of the CDM expectation on dark-matter halo density profiles. Methods. We develop an algorithm further that we had recently proposed for this purpose. It recovers a lensing potential optimally reproducing observations of both strong and weak-lensing effects by combining high resolution in cluster cores with the larger-scale information from weak lensing. The main extensions concern the accommodation of mild non-linearity in inner iterations, the progressive increase in resolution in outer iterations, and the introduction of a suitable regularisation term. The linearity of the method is essentially preserved. Results. We demonstrate the success of the algorithm with both idealised and realistic simulated data, showing that the simulated lensing mass distribution and its density profile are well reproduced. We then apply it to weak and strong lensing data of the cluster MS 2137 and obtain a parameter-free solution which is in good qualitative agreement with earlier parametric studies.
9 th Internat . Symp . on Cyclodextrins , Santiago de Compostela , 1998 ( Eds

Analysis of the conformational properties of α-cycloaltrin (α-CA) in aqueous solution by 800 MHz H, 200 MHz C NMR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations points towards a complex equilibrium of C1 S2 C4 altropyranose units. Although the JH-H coupling constants do not reveal a preference for the alternating C1 / C4 or the all-S2 conformation of α-CA, low-temperature C NMR line-broadening indicates at least two different conformations of the altrose residues. Both α-CA geometries are stable during 600 ps MD simulations without conformational transitions, but constrained MDs forcing one altropyranose unit to vary along the C1 → S2 → C4 reaction coordinate indicates cooperative conformational transitions C4 → S2 B of neighboring units and statistical scrambling of the pyranose geometries in the macrocycle. In particular, the all-S2 conformation of α-CA features a central cavity capable to form inclusion complexes, whereas alternate forms may have surface indentations only.
Securing cover-file without limitation of hidden data size using computation between cryptography and steganography

The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information. In additional, digital document is also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it may face many threats. It became necessary to find an appropriate protection due to the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information. Nowadays, protection system can be classified into more specific as hiding information and encryption information or a combination between them. The strength of the combination between hiding and encryption science is due to the non-existence of standard algorithms to be used in (hiding and encryption) secret messages. Also there is randomness in hiding methods such as combining several media (covers) with different methods to pass a secret message. Furthermore, there is no formal method to be followed to discover a hidden data. In this paper, a new information hiding system is presented. The aim of the proposed system is to hide information (data file) in an execution file (EXE). The new proposed system is able to embed an information in an execution file and also able to retract the hidden file from the execution file. Meanwhile, since the cover file might be used to identify hiding information, the proposed system considers overcoming this dilemma by using the execution file as a cover file.
On the performance of modern video coding standards with textured sequences

This work presents two studies on the topic of coding highly textured content with H.265/HEVC. The aim of the studies is to identify any potential for improvement in the performance of the codec with this type of content. Both studies employ a texture-focused video database developed by the authors. Study I evaluates the performance of H.265/HEVC relative to H.264/AVC for the case of static, dynamic and mixed texture content. Study II evaluates the effectiveness of the currently used objective quality measures with this type of content. The results suggest that there is potential for improvement in coding performance by matching the quality/error measure used to the type of content (textured/non-textured) and type of texture (static, dynamic, mixed) encountered.
Development of a Molecular Dynamics Simulation Model for Heat Transfer in Vapors

For many practical cases, such as gas-wall interactions, molecular dynamics simulations are a perfect tool. Here we use such molecular dynamics simulation to study the micro heat transfer of gas in a nanochannel. However, to study larger microchannels molecular dynamics is computationally too expensive. Within the GASMEMS project, firstly an efficient parallel code will be developed and a method for modeling complex wall geometries will be developed. Furthermore, a hybrid method with other particle based methods, like Monte Carlo method or with Continuum methods will be studied.
Improving Entity Linking using Surface Form Refinement

In this paper, we present an algorithm for improving named entity resolution and entity linking by using surface form generation and rewriting. Surface forms consist of a word or a group of words that matches lexical units like Paris or New York City. Used as matching sequences to select candidate entries in a knowledge base, they contribute to the disambiguation of those candidates through similarity measures. In this context, misspelled textual sequences (entities) can be impossible to identify due to the lack of available matching surface forms. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm for surface form refinement based on Wikipedia resources. The approach extends the surface form coverage of our entity linking system, and rewrites or reformulates misspelled mentions (entities) prior to starting the annotation process. The algorithm is evaluated on the corpus associated with the monolingual English entity linking task of NIST KBP 2013. We show that the algorithm improves the entity linking system performance.
Scale Structure, Degree Modification, and the Semantics of Gradable Predicates

In this article we develop a semantic typology of gradable predicates, with special emphasis on deverbal adjectives. We argue for the linguistic relevance of this typology by demonstrating that the distribution and interpretation of degree modifiers is sensitive to its twomajor classificatory parameters: (1) whether a gradable predicate is associated with what we call an open or closed scale, and (2) whether the standard of comparison for the applicability of the predicate is absolute or relative to a context. We further showthat the classification of an important subclass of adjectives within the typology is largely predictable. Specifically, the scale structure of a deverbal gradable adjective correlates either with the algebraic part structure of the event denoted by its source verb or with the part structure of the entities to which the adjective applies. These correlations underscore the fact that gradability is characteristic not only of adjectives but also of verbs and nouns, and that scalar properties are shared by categorially distinct but derivationally related expressions.
Optical Spectroscopy of Active Galactic Nuclei in SA57

Context. The cosmological evolution of X-ray-selected and optically selected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) show different behaviours interpreted in terms of two different populations. The difference is evident mainly for low luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs), many of which are lost by optical photometric surveys. Aims. We are conducting a spectroscopical study of a composite sample of AGN candidates selected in SA57 following different searching techniques, to identify low luminosity AGNs and break down the sample into different classes of objects. Methods. AGN candidates were obtained through optical variability and/or X-ray emission. Of special interest are the extended variable objects, which are expected to be galaxies hosting LLAGNs. Results. Among the 26 classified objects a fair number (9) show typical AGN spectra. Ten objects show Narrow Emission Line Galaxy spectra, and in most of them (8/10) optical variability suggests the presence of LLAGNs.
Factors Affecting on Access to Formal Credit of Households in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

This paper investigates the factors affecting the access of rural households to formal credit in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam. Poverty levels in the Mekong Delta have reduced significantly over the last decades, but in the rural areas they remain significant. If it is assumed that access to credit is a vehicle for poverty alleviation, it is necessary to assess how households decide on borrowing. This paper identifies the determinants of the decision to borrow and of the amount that is borrowed. Data used in this paper was obtained from a survey of 279 rural households, conducted between May and October 2009. The results of the Heckman Selection Model indicate that education, Vietnamese ethnicity, location, and the marital status of household’s head affect the probability to ask for credit and the size of loan obtained.
3D depth map generation for embedded stereo applications

This paper presents a low complexity 3D image depth map generation algorithm for embedded stereo applications. The proposed algorithm generates depth information based on a single view 2D image automatically. Owing to different scene characteristics of image, we propose a mechanism to classify images to “Scenery”, “Normal” and “Close-up” types first and generate the associated depth map according to the proposed techniques. In addition, we propose a human detection method for strengthening the depth information in images with humans and post-processing for refining depth map. With good quality in the generated depth map, the proposed algorithm achieves about 93% in complexity reduction as compared to the traditional algorithm, which is suitable for realization in both the hardware and embedded systems for portable stereo applications.
Comparison of face recognition algorithms in terms of the learning set selection

A suitable selection of facial features is of key importance for the successfulness of face recognition algorithms. Because a straightforward selection of them does usually not ensure sufficient reliability, statistical tools are often used for feature extraction. In this paper the influence of the selected set of learning samples on the efficiency of face recognition algorithms is observed. For this purpose, three of the most often used algorithms are presented in detail. The feature description based on the Gabor wavelet transformation is presented first. In this approach features are selected based on human physiognomy basis and formed to feature graphs, where the actual recognition is performed by graph matching. On the other hand, principal component analysis (PCA) is a statistical tool for identifying patterns in data by reducing its dimensionality. That way, key features for face recognition are extracted to a comparable form. Meanwhile, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allows for face recognition by establishing the borders between classes in multidimensional data. To ensure equal conditions for those algorithms, a method for image normalization is presented also. By the results it is shown, that the statistical approaches are significantly more reliable yet at the same time strongly dependant on the learning set selection. Even if no significant influence of the learning set on the Gabor wavelets based method can be observed, its successfulness is clearly below those of PCA and LDA.
BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD IN SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

The electrochemical activity of the heart gives rise to an electric field. In electrocardiography, cardiac electrical activity is assessed by analyzing the potential distribution of this field on the body surface. The potential distribution, or the set of measured surface-voltage signals, is called the electrocardiogram (ECG). Spatial properties of the ECG can be captured with body surface potential mapping (BSPM), in which the electrocardiogram is measured using dozens of electrodes. In this Thesis, methods for solving the forward and inverse problems of electrocardiography are developed and applied to characterization of acute myocardial ischemia. The methodology is based on numerical computation of quasi-static electric fields in a volume conductor model. An open-source Matlab toolbox for solving volume conductor problems with the boundary element method (BEM) is presented. The Galerkin BEM and analytical operator-integrals are, for the first time, applied to the epicardial potential problem; the formulation for a piece-wise homogeneous volume conductor is presented in detail, enabling straightforward inclusion of the lungs or other inhomogeneities in the thorax model. The results show that errors due to discretization and forward-computation are smaller with the linear Galerkin (LG) method than with the conventional methods. These benefits do, however, not reflect to the Tikhonov-regularized inverse solution. If the lungs are omitted, as commonly is done, the choice of the computational method is not significant. In a set of 22 patients measured with BSPM during coronary angioplasty (PTCA), the application of a BEM thorax model with dipolar equivalent sources enabled accurate discrimination between occluded coronary arteries: the correct classification was obtained in 21 patients using the BSPM and in 20 patients using a 5-electrode set suggested elsewhere. The ischemic regions could also be localized anatomically correctly with simplified epicardial potential imaging, even though patient-specific thorax models were not used. In another set, comprising 79 acute ischemic patients and 84 controls, dipolemarkers performed well in detection and quantification of acute ischemia. These results show that the modeling-approach can provide valuable information also without patient-specific models and complicated protocols.
Fast Text Processing for Information Retrieval

We describe an advanced text processing system for information retrieval from natural language document collections. We use both syntactic processing as well as statistical term clustering to obtain a representation of documents which would be more accurate than those obtained with more traditional key-word methods. A reliable top-down parser has been developed that allows for fast processing of large amounts of text, and for a precise identification of desired types of phrases for statistical analysis. Two statistical measures are computed: the measure of informational contribution of words in phrases, and the similarity measure between words.
Coordinated control of bile acids and lipogenesis through FXR-dependent regulation of fatty acid synthase1 Published, JLR Papers in Press, September 6, 2006.

We discovered a nuclear receptor element in the FAS promoter consisting of an inverted repeat spaced by one nucleotide (IR-1) and located 21 bases downstream of a direct repeat sequenced by 4 nucleotides (DR-4) oxysterol liver X receptor response element. An IR-1 is present in promoters of several genes of bile acid and lipid homeostasis and binds farnesoid X receptor/retinoid X receptor (FXR/RXR) heterodimers to mediate bile acid-dependent transcription. We show that FXR/RXRα specifically binds to the FAS IR-1 and that the FAS promoter is activated ∼10-fold by the addition of a synthetic FXR agonist in transient transfection assays. We also demonstrate that endogenous FXR binds directly to the murine FAS promoter in the hepatic genome using a tissue-based chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure. Furthermore, we show that feeding wild-type mice a chow diet supplemented with the natural FXR agonist chenodeoxycholic acid results in a significant induction of FAS mRNA expression. Thus, we have identified a novel IR-1 in the FAS promoter and demonstrate that it mediates FXR/bile acid regulation of the FAS gene. These findings provide the first evidence for direct regulation of lipogenesis by bile acids and also provide a mechanistic rationale for previously unexplained observations regarding bile acid control of FAS expression.
Spatiotemporal model checking of location and mobility related security policy specifications

For the formal verification of security in mobile networks, a requirement is that security policies associated with mobility and location constraints are formally specified and verified. For the formal specification and verification of security policies, formal methods ensure that a given network configuration that includes certain network elements satisfies a given security policy. A process calculus based approach is presented, where ambient calculus is used for formal specification of security policies and ambient logic is used for formal representation of mobility and location constraints. A spatiotemporal model checking algorithm is presented for the model checking of formal specifications in ambient calculus with respect to formulas in ambient logic. The presented algorithm allows spatiotemporal model checking of security policy rules and consists of spatial and temporal model checking algorithms. The spatial model checking algorithm is implemented in the Java language and the temporal model checking algorithm is implemented using the NuSMV model checker.
A normality based method for detecting kernel rootkits

Rootkits are stealthy, malicious software that allow an attacker to gain and maintain control of a system, attack other systems, destroy evidence, and decrease the chance of detection. Existing detection methods typically rely on a priori knowledge and operate by either (a) saving the system state before infection and comparing this information post infection, or (b) installing a detection program before infection. This approach focuses on detection using reduced a priori knowledge in the form of general knowledge of the statistical properties of broad classes of operating system/architecture pairs. A modified normality based approach proved effective in detecting kernel rootkits infecting the kernel via the system call target modification attack. This approach capitalizes on the discovery that system calls are loaded into memory sequentially, with the higher level calls, which are more likely to be infected by kernel rootkits loaded first, and the lower level calls loaded later. In the single case evaluated, the enyelkm rootkit, neither false positives nor false positives were indicated. The enyelkm rootkit was selected for analysis since it infects the Linux kernel via the system call target modification attack, which is the subject of this research.
On the size of U.S. government: political economy in the neoclassical growth model

We study a dynamic version of Meltzer and Richard's median-voter analysis of the size of government. Taxes are proportional to total income, and they are used for government consumption, which is exogenous, and for lump-sum transfers, whose size is chosen by electoral vote. Votes take place sequentially over time, and each agent votes for the policy that maximizes his equilibrium utility. We calibrate the model and its income and wealth distribution to match postwar U.S. data. This allows a quantitative assessment of the equilibrium costs of redistribution, which involves distortions to the labor-leisure and consumption-savings choices, and of its benefits for the decisive voter. We find that the total size of transfers predicted by our political-economy model is quite close to the size of transfers in the data.
Charge carrier dynamics in bulk MoS2 crystal studied by transient absorption microscopy

We report a transient absorption microscopy study of charge carrier dynamics in bulk MoS2 crystals at room temperature. Charge carriers are injected by interband absorption of a 555-nm pulse, and probed by measuring differential reflection of a time-delayed and spatially scanned 660-nm pulse. We find an intervalley transfer time of about 0.35 ps, an energy relaxation time of hot carriers on the order of 50 ps, and a carrier lifetime of 180 ± 20 ps. By monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of carriers, we obtained a diffusion coefficient of thermalized electrons of 4.2 ± 0.5 cm2/s, corresponding to a mobility of 170 ± 20 cm2/Vs. We also observed a time-varying diffusion coefficient of hot carriers.
UALR 06-02 : Using Active Learning with Integrated Feature Selection

In this paper we present two very popular aspects in supervised Machine Learning algorithms: feature selection and active learning paradigm. Feature selection algorithms are widely used in Machine Learning to reduce the feature space representing given data samples. Active learning is very popular supervised Machine Learning technique that has been effectively used in Text Classification tasks to reduce training time and achieve high accuracy with small labeling cost. Using feature selection integrated with active learning seems like a great idea as it combines faster learning with smaller feature space dimensionality. Though promising, we observe through various experiments that feature selection when integrated within active learning process yields inferior accuracy results. We believe that the changing Feature space representation hurts the very core of active learning strategy. We present the rationale behind poor accuracy and prove it empirically.
A comparison of mesh smoothing methods

We consider several conventional mesh smoothing ap-proaches such as the Laplacian and bilaplacian smoothing methods, mean curvature ﬂow (implicit implementation), and the Taubin (cid:21)j(cid:22) scheme and give a quantitative evaluation of them. To compare two close meshes having the same connectivity we consider vertex-based and normal-based L 2 error metrics. We also give a visual comparison of the methods. We also compare the above mesh smoothing schemes with our method which is based on a linear diffusion of mesh normals. The method demonstrates the best performance in denoising meshes with sharp features and high resistance to oversmoothing.
Decentralized centroid and formation control for multi-robot systems

In this paper, a decentralized control strategy for networked multi-robot systems that allows the tracking of the team centroid and the relative formation is presented. The proposed solution consists of a distributed observer-controller scheme where, based only on local information, each robot estimates the collective state and tracks the two assigned control variables. We provide a formal stability analysis of the observer-controller scheme and we relate convergence properties to the topology of the connectivity graph. Experiments are presented to validate the approach.