Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Glial Cell Line‐Derived Neurotrophic Growth Factor Inhibits Apoptotic Death of Postnatal Substantia Nigra Dopamine Neurons in Primary Culture

Abstract: Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was identified on the basis of its ability to enhance the development of embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons. It remains unknown whether GDNF is a physiologically relevant trophic factor for these neurons. We have shown that natural cell death among dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra occurs largely postnatally. To investigate whether GDNF may have the ability to support these neurons during their period of natural cell death, we have used a postnatal primary culture model. We find that GDNF is able to support the viability of postnatal nigral dopamine neurons by inhibiting apoptotic death. This ability of GDNF shows both regional specificity for the nigra and cellular specificity for the dopamine phenotype. Among eight other neurotrophic factors previously reported to support embryonic dopamine neurons, GDNF was unique in this ability. Thus, GDNF meets this criterion for a physiologically relevant trophic factor for dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra.
Changes in pituitary sensitivity to GnRH in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: evidence that gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor plays a physiological role.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in pituitary response to GnRH in post-menopausal women during substitution treatment with exogenous estrogen and progesterone. METHODS Seven healthy post-menopausal women (group 1) were treated with various doses of E2 valerate for 43 days, so as the serum concentrations of E2 mimicked those of a follicular (FP-1), a luteal (LP) and a second follicular (FP-2) phase. During the LP, progesterone was also administered. The 30 min response of LH (DeltaLH) and FSH (DeltaFSH) to GnRH (10 microg i.v.) (pituitary sensitivity) was investigated every 24 h in group 1 and also in seven normally cycling women (group 2) during a spontaneous (control) follicular phase (FP). Based on the hormone profiles, day 32 in group 1 (FP-2) corresponded to day 2 in the spontaneous FP of group 2. RESULTS Basal FSH concentrations were significantly higher in FP-2 than in the control FP (P < 0.05), while basal LH concentrations were similar in the two phases with higher values in FP-2 towards the end of the experiment (corresponding to days 10 and 11, P < 0.05). However, an LH surge was seen only in the control FP. DeltaFSH values remained stable in both phases and increased only in the control FP on days 12 and 13. DeltaLH values remained stable in the control FP and only increased on days 12 (P < 0.05) and 13 (P < 0.05), but in FP-2, DeltaLH values increased earlier (corresponding to day 7, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time that in the absence of ovarian function, follicular phase E2 concentrations sensitize the pituitary to GnRH at an earlier stage (corresponding to the midfollicular phase) than in the normal menstrual cycle (late follicular phase). It is suggested that during the early to midfollicular phase the ovaries produce a gonadotrophin surge attenuating factor (GnSAF) that antagonizes the pituitary-sensitizing effect of E2 to GnRH.
Mutations in the zebrafish unmask shared regulatory pathways controlling the development of catecholaminergic neurons.

The mechanism by which pluripotent progenitors give rise to distinct classes of mature neurons in vertebrates is not well understood. To address this issue we undertook a genetic screen for mutations which affect the commitment and differentiation of catecholaminergic (CA) [dopaminergic (DA), noradrenergic (NA), and adrenergic] neurons in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The identified mutations constitute five complementation groups. motionless and foggy affect the number and differentiation state of hypothalamic DA, telencephalic DA, retinal DA, locus coeruleus (LC) NA, and sympathetic NA neurons. The too few mutation leads to a specific reduction in the number of hypothalamic DA neurons. no soul lacks arch-associated NA cells and has defects in pharyngeal arches, and soulless lacks both arch-associated and LC cell groups. Our analyses suggest that the genes defined by these mutations regulate different steps in the differentiation of multipotent CA progenitors. They further reveal an underlying universal mechanism for the control of CA cell fates, which involve combinatorial usage of regulatory genes.
Impact de la pêche thonière à la senne sur les communautés pélagiques de l’océan Atlantique tropical et de l’océan Indien : comparaison de la pêche sous dispositifs de concentrations de poissons et sur bancs libres

La peche sous DCP rejette 10 % de ses captures contre 3% en bancs libres. Sur les 114 taxa observes entre l'ocean Atlantique et l'ocean Indien un total de 68 taxa etaient communs aux deux oceans, 13 exclusifs a l'ocean Atlantique et 34 a l'ocean Indien. Pour eviter des soucis d'identification d'especes, un total de 22 groupes taxonomiques ont ete developpes. Les analyses de richesse, diversite et d'equitabilite conduites sur ces 22 groupes ont montre que ces index etaient plus eleves sous DCP et dans l'ocean Indien. En meme temps, les analyses de niveaux trophiques et de classe de taille ont revele que le niveau trophique moyen des prises accessoires etait plus haut sur bancs libres que sous DCP en meme temps que les classes de taille etaient legerement plus petites sous DCP. La peche sous DCP capture des individus plus petits et de niveau torchis plus faible en plus grande proportion. Les spectres de biomasse-taille construits dans cette etude ont revele des differences significatives entre les modes de peche et les oceans. La peche sous DCP impacte plus les communautes marines et une plus grosse part de l'ecosysteme. La majeure partie des requins soyeux attrapes par la peche a seine francaise est capturee sous la DCP et est principalement caracterisee par des individus immatures. Le modele a montre des effets spatiaux et temporels forts sur les niveaux de captures accessoires de requins soyeux. La cote somalienne et l'interieur du Golfe de Guinee sont des zones fortement sujettes aux prises accessoires de requins soyeux et pourraient etre protegees afin reduire les captures de cette espece. Les resultats de notre modele multispecifique ont revele des effets spatiaux et temporels sur les valeurs de l'indice de diversite de Simpson qui pourraient etre utilises dans le cadre d'une gestion ecosystemique des pecheries thonieres a la seine.
Plasma Insulin Responses to Glucose and Tolbutamide of Normal Weight and Obese Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects

Plasma insulin responses to oral glucose (100 gm.) and intravenous tolbutamide (1.0 gm.) before and after dexamethasone were determined in normal, obese nondiabetic, normal-weight diabetic and obese diabetic subjects. Fasting plasma insulin levels were significantly higher in obese nondiabetic and obese diabetic subjects than in normalweight nondiabetic and diabetic individuals. Total plasma insulin response to oral glucose in obese nondiabetics was threefold greater, in obese diabetic 2.2-fold greater, and in normal-weight diabetics 1.7-fold greater than that observed in normal individuals. When the plasma insulin responses of obese diabetic and nondiabetic subjects were measured at comparable blood sugar levellN insulin secretion was demonstrated to be significantly impaired in the diabetic group. The initial plasma insulin response (i.e., thirty-minute level) to glucose of diabetic subjects is markedly impaired when compared to normal-weight and obese nondiabetic individuals. Total plasma insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was fourfold greater in obese nondiabetic and obese diabetic subjects than in normal-weight nondiabetic and diabetic individuals. Following dexamethasone (2 mg. q.i.d. × 2), plasma insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was increased fivefold in normal subjects, threefold in obese nondiabetics, 1.6-fold in obese diabetics and twofold in nonobese diabetics. The results of these studies indicate that obesity is associated with a hypersecretory insulin response to both tolbutamide and glucose. The presence of overt diabetes melitus indicates an impairment in insulin response in both obese and nonobese individuals when compared to their appropriate nondiabetic controls. Dexamethasone provokes a marked compensatory insulin response in nondiabetics and makes more apparent the impaired secretory capacity of diabetic subjects. Maturity-onset diabetes in nonobaese individuals appears to be a consequence primarily of insulin deficiency. In obese diabetic individuals, however, even though secretory capacity may be significantly greater than observed in nonobese diabetics, impaired carbohydrate tolerance develops because insulin antagonism associated with obesity per se.
Identification of the Haloarchaeal Phasin (PhaP) That Functions in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Accumulation and Granule Formation in Haloferax mediterranei

ABSTRACT The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granule-associated proteins (PGAPs) are important for PHA synthesis and granule formation, but currently little is known about the haloarchaeal PGAPs. This study focused on the identification and functional analysis of the PGAPs in the haloarchaeon Haloferax mediterranei. These PGAPs were visualized with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–tandem time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS). The most abundant protein on the granules was identified as a hypothetical protein, designated PhaP. A genome-wide analysis revealed that the phaP gene is located upstream of the previously identified phaEC genes. Through an integrative approach of gene knockout/complementation and fermentation analyses, we demonstrated that this PhaP is involved in PHA accumulation. The ΔphaP mutant was defective in both PHA biosynthesis and cell growth compared to the wild-type strain. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the number of PHA granules in the ΔphaP mutant cells was significantly lower, and in most of the ΔphaP cells only a single large granule was observed. These results demonstrated that the H. mediterranei PhaP was the predominant structure protein (phasin) on the PHA granules involved in PHA accumulation and granule formation. In addition, BLASTp and phylogenetic results indicate that this type of PhaP is exclusively conserved in haloarchaea, implying that it is a representative of the haloarchaeal type PHA phasin.
Effects of an energy conservation course on fatigue impact for persons with progressive multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Fatigue is a common, troublesome symptom for persons with multiple sclerosis. This study evaluated the effects of an energy conservation course on fatigue impact for persons with multiple sclerosis whose symptoms cause moderate to severe disability. METHODS Thirty-seven persons with progressive multiple sclerosis participated in an 8-week experimental energy conservation course treatment and an 8-week control period of traditional treatment using a crossover design. The Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) was used to assess fatigue impact before and after the experimental and control periods, and 8 weeks post-energy conservation course. RESULTS After participation in the energy conservation course, the average FIS total score and physical, cognitive, and psychosocial subscale scores decreased significantly, whereas the total and subscale scores did not change significantly during the control period. Additionally, decreased fatigue impact was maintained 8 weeks after course completion for evaluated participants. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that this energy conservation course can be a beneficial intervention for persons with progressive multiple sclerosis.
Gestational Weight Gain as Predicted by Pregestational Body Mass Index and Gestational Age in Mexican Women

Objective To develop a reference pattern to evaluate gestational weight according to pregestational body mass index (BMI) and gestational age, using current longitudinal information from healthy pregnant women. Subjects and methods We followed 438 women with singleton pregnancies between weeks 16 and 36 of pregnancy. Women were excluded if they developed pathologic conditions during gestation, delivered malformed or dead fetuses, or delivered babies with a birthweight of less than 2500 or more than 4200 g or with a gestational age of less than 37 or more than 41 weeks. Weight, biochemical indicators, and clinical indicators were recorded every 4 weeks throughout the pregnancy. Data were analyzed by sequential regressions. Results Four equations for maternal predicted weight across categories of pregestational BMI (underweight, normal, overweight, and obese) and gestational ages were developed and synthesized in a table of reference values. Conclusions Optimal weight and weight gain during pregnancy can be estimated with our equations, which are corrected for pregestational BMI and gestational age.
Induction of complete wound healing in recalcitrant ulcers by low‐intensity laser irradiation depends on ulcer cause and size

Chronic skin ulcers still represent a therapeutic challenge in dermatology. Among the various non‐invasive treatment modalities used for the improvement of impaired wound healing, low‐intensity laser irradiations are gaining an increasing body of interest. We used low‐intensity laser irradiations delivered by a 30 mW helium‐neon laser at an energy density of 30 J/cm2 three times weekly for the induction of wound healing in ulcers of diverse causes. Twenty patients with the same number of ulcers, which had previously been treated by conventional wound care for a median period of 34 weeks (range: 3–120 weeks) without any significant evidence of healing, were included in the study. Concerning the underlying disorders, patients were divided into four groups: diabetes, arterial insufficiency, radio damage and autoimmune vasculitis. In all ulcers, complete epithelization could be induced by laser therapy. No amputation or any other surgical intervention was necessary and no adverse effects of any kind were noted during low‐intensity laser treatment. Regarding the different diagnoses, a statistically significant difference was noted (P=0.008): ulcers due to radio damage healed significantly faster than those caused by diabetes (6 weeks [range: 3–10 weeks] vs. 16 weeks [range: 9–45 weeks], P=0.005). Wound healing in autoimmune vasculitis (24 weeks [range: 20–35 weeks]) required longer than in radiodermitis, although the difference was not significant.
Quality of Life in Elderly Iranian Population Using Leiden-Padua Questionnaire: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The world population is getting old rapidly; the aging population is the new phenomenon in Iran too. The aim of this meta-analysis was to estimate the overall and subscales mean score of quality of life (QOL) based on the Leiden-Padua (LEIPAD) questionnaire among the elderly population of Iran. The major international and national databases including; Medlin, Scopus, Science Direct, SID, MagIran, IranMedex, and Irandoc was searched. All cross-sectional studies, which measured the QOL among the elderly population in Iran using the LEIPAD questionnaire, were included. Furthermore, we used the following key words, “Quality of life,” “aging,” “aged,” “elderly,” and “Iran. ” Of 2155 records, four articles reminded for the meta-analysis, which involved 628 participants with a mean age of 71.73 ± 4.28 years. The mean scores of QOL in each scale were as follows: 10.80 (9.30–12.31) for physical health, 13.51 (6.81–20.21) for self-care scale, 8.60 (5.07–12.14) for depression and anxiety, 12.48 (10.39–14.58) for cognitive functioning scale, 2.19 (0.67–3.72) for sexual functioning scale, 10.98 (5.87–16.09) for life satisfaction scale, and 5.90 (3.64–8.16) for social desirability scale. This study revealed that the total QOL for the elderly population is relatively low in Iranian society. It is appeared to provide social support, and upgrade their QOL seems to be essential for the elderly population.
Traditional practices related to breast milk and breastfeeding of mothers with babies of 6-18 months

AMAC: Bu calisma 6-18 ay arasi bebegi olan annelerin, emzirme ve anne sutune iliskin geleneksel uygulamalarini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmistir. YONTEMLER: Tanimlayici tipteki calismanin evrenini Aralik 2012-Şubat 2013 tarihleri arasinda Canakkale ili, Ezine ilcesindeki bir Aile Sagligi Merkezine kayitli 6-18 ay bebegi olan tum anneler olusturmustur. Arastirmanin orneklemine, calismaya katilmayi kabul eden 212 anne alinmistir. Arastirma verileri arastirmacilar tarafindan gelistirilen anket formu araciligiyla yuz yuze gorusme yontemiyle toplanmistir. Veriler Ki-kare, yuzdelik ve aritmetik ortalama ile degerlendirilmistir. BULGULAR: Yas ortalamasi 28.47±4.71 olan annelerin, %51.4’u okur yazar/ilkokul mezunu, %82.5’i ev hanimi, %75.5’i orta gelirli ve %53.8’i kasabada ikamet etmektedir. Annelerin %85.4’u ilk 6 ayda anne sutunun yeterli oldugunu dusunmektedir. Annelerin anne sutunu artirdigini dusundukleri besinler %58 sutlu tatlilar, %42 sogan/sarimsak, %16.6 bulgur, %16.5 kuru uzum, %11.3 borulcedir. Sutu artirdigina inanilan icecekler %57.5 bitkisel caylar, %50.5 su, %38.2 suttur. Anne sutunu artirmak icin yapilan geleneksel uygulamalar ise %29.7 sik emzirme, %23.1 nazar boncugu takma, %23.1 cok sivi tuketmedir. Annelerin ortalama emzirme suresi 12.61±4.31 ay olup, %13.2’si ilk 6 ay icinde bebeklerini memeden ayirmistir. Annelerin memeden ayirma yontemleri incelendiginde; biberonla ek besin vermek (%25.3), su ve meyve suyuyla oyalamak (%14), memeye salca surmek (%10), sac koymak (%10), kara surmek (%8.7), bebegi ayri eve gondermek (%8.7) gibi geleneksel yontemler uyguladiklari tespit edilmistir. SONUC: Calismanin sonucunda, annelerin anne sutunu artirmak ve bebeklerini memeden ayirmak icin geleneksel yontemlere basvurduklari saptanmistir. Ebe/hemsirelerin bu uygulamalari degerlendirmeleri ve egitimde annelerin bireysel ve kulturel ozelliklerini dikkate almalari onemli olacaktir.
Measuring is Success Factors of Adopting Cloud Computing from Enterprise Overview

Cloud Computing is technological trend that enable sharing resources between users through Internet in an on-demand manner. The services of cloud computing reduces the costs of computing and communication which increases the interest to companies around the world. However, many organizations are finding greater obstacles for adoption to this new technology. In this paper we use DeLone and McLean successes model to assess some components that need to be considered by an organization when making the decision of adopting cloud computing. The organization will be able to identify its weakness and strength for each factor, and then build and prepare plan that can help them to make appropriate decision toward a successful adoption of Cloud Computing.
Development of an omni-directional mobile robot with 3 DOF decoupling drive mechanism

A new driving mechanism for holonomic omnidirectional mobile robots is designed, which enables 3 DOF motion control by three correspondent actuators in a decoupled manner with no redundancy. A prototype of the omnidirectional mobile robot with the driving mechanism is developed including a parallel link suspension mechanism. The kinematics of the omnidirectional mobile robot is also analyzed, and simulation for velocity control of the robot is performed by a method for velocity modulation with interpolation to achieve the given target position and velocity.
primary care: Randomised trial Minimal-contact psychotherapy for sub-threshold depression in

permissions Reprints/ permissions@rcpsych.ac. uk write to To obtain reprints or permission to reproduce material from this paper, please to this article at You can respond http://bjp.rcpsych. org/cgi/eletter-submit/185/5/416 service Email alerting click here the top right corner of the article or Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article sign up in the box at from Downloaded The Royal College of Psychiatrists Published by on December 13, 2010 bjp.rcpsych. org
Quantum-Mechanical Charge Distribution in Cylindrical Gate-All-Around MOS Devices

We present a self-consistent 2-D quantum-mechanical model for charge distribution in cylindrical gate-all-around devices with computation of the gate tunneling current. The validity of 1-D approximations for the charge and the gate current is discussed, assessing the validity of a previously proposed analytical approximation for the tunneling current in the Fowler-Nordheim regime.
Shakey: From Conception to History

hakey the Robot, conceived fifty years ago, was a seminal contribution to AI. Shakey perceived its world, planned how to achieve a goal, and acted to carry out that plan. This was revolutionary. At the Twenty-Ninth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, attendees gathered to celebrate Shakey, and to gain insights into how the AI revolution moves ahead. The celebration included a panel, chaired by Benjamin Kuipers and featuring AI pioneers Ed Feigenbaum, Peter Hart, and Nils Nilsson. This article includes written versions of the contributions of those panelists.
Preparation and Characterization of Thermo-Responsive Rod-Coil Diblock Copolymers

In this study, we synthesized amphiphilic poly(2,7–(9,9–dioctylfluorene))–block–N,N–(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (POF–b–PDPMAEMA) rod-coil diblock copolymers by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structure and multifunctional sensing properties of these copolymers were also investigated. The POF rod segment length of 10 was fixed and the PDPAEMA coil segment lengths of 90 and 197 were changed, respectively. The micellar aggregates of POF10–b–PDPAEMA90 rod-coil diblock copolymer in water showed a reversible shape transition from cylinder bundles to spheres when the temperature was changed from 20 to 80 °C or the pH was changed from 11 to 2. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements indicated that the temperature had also an obvious influence on the micelle size. In addition, since POF10–b–PDPAEMA90 had a lower critical solution temperature, its photoluminescence (PL) intensity in water is thermoreversible. The PL spectra showed that the POF–b–PDPAEMA copolymer had a reversible on/off profile at elevated temperatures, and thus could be used as an on/off fluorescent indicator for temperature or pH. The fluorescence intensity distribution of pH switched from “off–on” to “on–off” as the temperature increased. These results showed that the POF–b–PDPAEMA copolymer has a potential application for temperature and pH sensing materials.