Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Jail incarceration and birth outcomes

This study examined the relationships between jail incarceration during pregnancy and infant birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal growth restriction. We used multivariate regression analyses to compare outcomes for 496 births to women who were in jail for part of pregnancy with 4,960 Medicaid-funded births as matched community controls. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the relationship between jail incarceration and birth outcomes was modified by maternal age. Relative to controls, women incarcerated during pregnancy had progressively higher odds of low birth weight and preterm birth through age 39 years; conversely, jail detainees older than 39 years were less likely than controls to experience low birth weight or preterm birth. For women in jail at all ages, postrelease maternity case management was associated with decreased odds of low birth weight, whereas prenatal care was associated with decreased odds of preterm birth. Local jails are important sites for public health intervention. Efforts to ensure that all pregnant women released from jail have access to enhanced prenatal health services may improve perinatal outcomes for this group of particularly vulnerable women and infants.
Available Bandwidth Measurement on any Target Link Using Prioritized Packet-Pair Probes

Available bandwidth plays a very important role in Web and Internet applications such as route selection, load balancing and network security. This paper presents a novel technique of prioritized packet-pair probes for available bandwidth measurement. The new measurement overcomes traditional methods in that it needs no path assumptions and it works very well on any target link even under high traffic load conditions. The experiment results validate the new method and show good performances in tracking traffic variances
Corporate Disclosure Practices, Institutional Investors, and Stock Return Volatility

This paper investigates whether a firm's disclosure practices affect the composition of its institutional investor ownership and, hence, its stock return volatility. The findings indicate that firms with higher AIMR disclosure rankings have greater institutional ownership, but the particular types of institutional investors attracted to greater disclosure have no net impact on return volatility. However, yearly improvements in disclosure rankings are associated with increases in ownership primarily by "transient" institutions, which are characterized by aggressive trading based on short-term strategies. Firms with disclosure ranking improvements resulting in higher transient ownership are found to experience subsequent increases in stock return volatility.
Deformations of Functions and F‐Manifolds

We study deformations of functions on isolated singularities. A unified proof of the equality of Milnor and Tjurina numbers for functions on isolated complete intersections singularities and space curves is given. As a consequence, the base space of their miniversal deformations is endowed with the structure of an $F$-manifold, and we can prove a conjecture of V. Goryunov, stating that the critical values of the miniversal unfolding of a function on a space curve are generically local coordinates on the base space of the deformation.
Long-term prognosis of crown-fractured permanent incisors. The effect of stage of root development and associated luxation injury.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate pulp healing responses following crown fracture with and without pulp exposure as well as with and without associated luxation injury and in relation to stage of root development. PATIENT MATERIAL AND METHODS: The long-term prognosis was examined for 455 permanent teeth with crown fractures, 352 (246 with associated luxation injury) without pulpal involvement and 103 (69 with associated luxation injury) with pulp exposures. Initial treatment for all patients was provided by on-call oral surgeons at the emergency service, University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen. In fractures without pulpal involvement, dentin was covered by a hard-setting calcium hydroxide cement (Dycal), marginal enamel acid-etched (phosphoric acid gel), then covered with a temporary crown and bridge material. In the case of pulp exposure, pulp capping or partial pulpotomy was performed. Thereafter treatment was identical to the first group. Patients were then referred to their own dentist for resin composite restoration. RESULTS Patients were monitored for normal pulp healing or healing complications for up to 17 years after injury (x = 2.3 years, range 0.2-17.0 years, SD + 2.7). Pulp healing was registered and classified into pulp survival with no radiographic change (PS), pulp canal obliteration (PCO) and pulp necrosis (PN). Healing was related to the following clinical factors: stage of root development at the time of injury, associated damage to the periodontium at time of injury (luxation) and time interval from injury until initial treatment. Crown fractures with or without pulp exposure and no concomitant luxation injury showed PS in 99%, PCO in 1% and PN in 0%. Crown fractures with concomitant luxation showed PS in 70%, PCO in 5% and PN in 25%. An associated damage to the periodontal ligament significantly increased the likelihood of pulp necrosis from 0% to 28% (P < 0.001) in teeth with only enamel and dentin exposure and from 0% to 14% (P < 0.001) in teeth with pulp exposure. CONCLUSIONS In the case of concomitant luxation injuries, the stage of root development played an important role in the risk of pulp necrosis after crown fracture. However, the primary factor related to pulp healing events after crown fracture appears to be compromised pulp circulation due to concomitant luxation injuries.
Price Transmission and Market Integration: A Test of The Central Market Hypothesis of Geographical Markets For Cassava Products In Nigeria

In the wake of the immediate past administration, the Federal Government had demonstrated its concern in making cassava a major industrial raw material and foreign exchange earner. This leads directly to not only measures of expanding cassava production but to improvements in marketing efficiency of the traditional food market of cassava products in the country as well, since inefficiency in the marketing system can lead to unprofitable arbitrage, with attendant welfare losses. With this in mind, this paper investigates price transmission and market integration of cassava products namely chips, chunks, white gari and yellow gari between a central market in Kano and peripheral/rural markets in Taraba, Benue, Nasarawa and Edo States, using standard econometric methods. Precisely, the co-integration methodology was followed. Results show that the markets for all the products were integrated except for chips in Benue, white gari in Nasarawa, yellow gari in Benue, and yellow gari in Edo. Further results indicate that price transmission elasticities range from o.434 to 1.00, indicating full transmission in some cases and not in others, while the speeds of price transmission range from 11.46% to 47.15%, implying that the speed with which cassava product prices are spatially transmitted between the locations is generally low. Improvements in road network and other communication infrastructure will reduce inefficiencies in the traditional cassava product marketing system with attendant gains for producers, middlemen and consumers.
Event-related Potential Study of Brain Activation during Word/Pictogram Perception by native Korean Speakers

We explored spatiotemporal brain activation patterns during perception of words from three different languages (Korean, English, Chinese) and pictograms, using 64 channel recording of event-related potential (ERP) and source localization using distributed source model. We investigated, with high temporal resolution, whether similar or different spatiotemporal patterns of brain activation are involved. The results seem to corroborate recognized left hemispheric dominance in language processing, and temporal/spatial characteristics in word perception. Observed differences in spatial activation pattern at specific time periods between English and Korean, and Korean and Chinese, could be explained in terms of required visual pattern analysis due to the orthographic characteristics
Influence of maternal pre-pregnancy body composition and diet during early–mid pregnancy on cardiovascular function and nephron number in juvenile sheep

The prenatal diet can program an individual's cardiovascular system towards later higher resting blood pressure and kidney dysfunction, but the extent to which these programmed responses are directly determined by the timing of maternal nutritional manipulation is unknown. In the present study we examined whether maternal nutrient restriction targeted over the period of maximal placental growth, i.e. days 28–80 of gestation, resulted in altered blood pressure or kidney development in the juvenile offspring. This was undertaken in 6-month-old sheep born to mothers fed control (100–150 % of the recommended metabolisable energy (ME) intake for that stage of gestation) or nutrient-restricted (NR; 50 % ME; n 6) diets between days 28 and 80 of gestation. Controls were additionally grouped according to normal (>3, n 7) or low body condition score (LBCS; <2, n 6), thereby enabling us to examine the effect of maternal body composition on later cardiovascular function. From day 80 to term (approximately 147 d) all sheep were fed to 100 % ME. Offspring were weaned at 12 weeks and pasture-reared until 6 months of age when cardiovascular function was determined. Both LBCS and NR sheep tended to have lower resting systolic (control, 85 (SE 2); LBCS, 77 (SE 3); NR, 77 (SE 3) mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure relative to controls. Total nephron count was markedly lower in both LBCS and NR relative to controls (LBCS, 59 (SE 6); NR, 56 (SE 12) %). Our data suggest that maternal body composition around conception is as important as the level of nutrient intake during early pregnancy in programming later cardiovascular health.
Taking Risks with Advertising: The Case of the Not-For-Profit Sector

This paper examines the advertising risk-taking propensity of not-for-profit organisations (NFPs) – a sector of growing economic and social importance. Much of their advertising over the past few years has been risky and controversial. The question as to why this has happened is framed within the strategic and advertising risk literature. Evaluation of data from a mail questionnaire found that hardly any of the leading paradigms fit the NFP sector. A variety of explanations are offered based upon the nature of the NFP organisation and potential weaknesses in theory. Managerial implications and possible avenues for future research are offered.
Morphology of Quench Condensed Pb Films near the Insulator to Metal Transition

We present in situ scanning tunneling microscopy topographs of Pb films, formed by vapor deposition onto cold sT , 20 Kd, inert substrates, near their insulator to metal transition. At the critical mass deposited thickness for conduction, dG > 5.2 nm, the films consist of approximately two layers of nanoclusters with diameter, 2r o 20 nm and height, 3.5 # h # 5.5 nm. We discuss how the nanocluster size and formation mechanism dictate the need for two layers to form in order for conduction to commence. [S0031-9007(99)08430-6]
Board Committee Structures, Ownership, and Firm Performance 1

We examine cross-sectional variations on the committee structure of boards of directors for S&P firms during 1997 and 1998. We document that there is a significant amount of variation in the sample on the number of committees and the presence of each committee. Number of committees is positively related to the number of directors. Number of committees is also positively related to firm size. Firms that pay dividends have more committees. Firms with a higher CEO ownership have fewer committee functions performed by the board. On the other hand, firms with larger boards, more assets, and more board meetings have more committee functions. As well, dividend-paying firms have more committee functions. Firms with a higher CEO ownership assign fewer tasks to each committee. Firm performance, measured by market to book ratio, is negatively related to the percentage shares held by outside directors on the acquisition committee, ethics committee, succession committee, and technology committee, but is positively related to the percentage of shares held by the outside directors serving on the finance & investment committee as well as on the strategy committee. Consistent with other a number of studies, firm performance is positively related to the percentage of the shares held by the CEOs. Finally, firms with older boards have lower market to book ratios. We do not find that performance is related to the presence of committee or to the fraction of outside directors serving on each committee.
The Role of Technical Analysis in Retail Investor Trading

Technical Analysis (TA) is a security analysis methodology based on the study of past market data. Although it has been criticized by academics and the profitability of many related strategies has been statistically rejected, TA remains highly popular among practitioners and retail investors, in particular. We analyze the role of TA for retail investors trading structured products (knock-outs and warrants) on Stuttgart Stock Exchange. We find a 35% increase in trading activity on days of chart pattern trading signals and an 11% increase for moving average signals. The increase in activity typically reverses on the following trading days. Furthermore, we identify trading characteristics of round-trip trades and find that trades associated with TA trading signals differ. First, we find significantly higher raw returns in TA-related trades while leverage levels at purchase as well as holding duration appear to be lower. Second, the shape of the realized return distribution of trades in accordance to TA signals is distinct from their peer groups. Specifically, realized returns are significantly less left-skewed (more right-skewed). In this regard, retail investors using TA methods might be less prone to the disposition effect due to the system-based trading approach. If we assume a general gambling intention with respect to the considered products, then TA-related trades tend to reach this goal more effectively.
Mutual coupling reduction using shorting posts in UWB MIMO antennas

A multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna consisting of two hybrid shaped monopoles for UWB applications is presented. In the proposed antenna, a pair of rectangular strips terminated with shorting posts is used to achieve isolation ≥ 20 dB over UWB. The variations in group delay and transfer-function response are within 1 ns and 13 dB respectively. The envelope correlation coefficient < 0.05 over 3.1–10.6 GHz indicate that the proposed antenna is suitable for UWB MIMO applications.
A Method to Extend the Estimation Range of the Existing Time-Domain Doppler Centroid Estimators

In this letter, we use the summation-by-parts formula as a simple tool to extend the estimation range of a certain class of the already existing correlation-based Doppler centroid estimators. The resulting estimators are as robust as the original ones but cover a much larger estimation range of about 50% of the pulse-repetition frequency. Two examples with simulations are provided to demonstrate the benefits of the proposal.
Automated single‐voxel proton MRS: Technical development and multisite verification

To improve clinical utility, an integrated method has been developed to automatically acquire and process single‐voxel in vivo proton spectra on a 1.5 T clinical scanner. This method includes automated adjustment of linear shims using a very rapid modified simplex method, automated water suppression, and applies a water referencing scheme to correct for phase and residual eddy current effects. No operator intervention is required for the acquisition and processing of these pure‐absorption spectra. This method was tested in a preliminary multisite trial to determine intersite and intrasite variability of metabolite ratio measurements. In a sample of over 100 examinations, the standard deviation of the ratios NAA:Cr, Cho:Cr, and ml:Cr were found to be under 15% when using this method, a substantially narrower range than has been found In studies relying on manual adjustment of the instrument and/or manual processing. This result indicates that automated setting of acquisition and processing parameters is of critical importance in the clinical application of in vivo spectroscopy.
The Perceptions Held by Employers of Chinese Graduates' Employability Skills

The main aim of this study was to identify the perception of employers concerning the employability skills needed in the job market. Fourteen variables that make up employability skills based on Liu's former research were examined in this study. Data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews intended to gauge employers' perceptions. The results of this study revealed that there are large importance-satisfaction gaps in employability skills of new graduates. Finally, recommendations were also included in this study.
Dopaminergic pathway polymorphisms and heroin addiction: further support for association of CSNK1E variants.

BACKGROUND & AIM The dopaminergic pathways have been implicated in the etiology of drug addictions. The aim of this study was to determine if variants in dopaminergic genes are associated with heroin addiction. MATERIALS & METHODS The study includes 828 former heroin addicts and 232 healthy controls, of predominantly European ancestry. Ninety seven SNPs (13 genes) were analyzed. RESULTS Nine nominally significant associations were observed at CSNK1E, ANKK1, DRD2 and DRD3. CONCLUSION The results support our previous report of association of CSNK1E SNP rs1534891 with protection from heroin addiction. CSNK1E interacts with circadian rhythms and DARPP-32 and has been implicated in negative regulation of sensitivity to opioids in rodents. It may be a target for drug addiction treatment. Original submitted 8 August 2014; Revision submitted 8 October 2014.
Differential expression of Eph receptors and ephrins correlates with the formation of topographic projections in primary and secondary visual circuits of the embryonic chick forebrain.

Repulsion plays a fundamental role in the establishment of a topographic map of the chick retinotectal projections. This has been highlighted by studies demonstrating the role of opposing gradients of the EphA3 receptor tyrosine kinase on retinal axons and two of its ligands, ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A5, in the tectum. We have analyzed the distribution of these two ephrins in other retinorecipient structures in the chick diencephalon and mesencephalon during the period when visual connections are being established. We have found that both ephrin-A2 and ephrin-A5 and their receptors EphA4 and EphA7 are expressed in gradients whose orientation is consistent with the topography of the nasotemporal axis of the respective retinofugal projections. In addition, their distribution suggests that receptor-ligand interactions may be involved in the organization of connections between the different primary visual centers and, thus, in the topographic organization of secondary visual projections. Interestingly, where projections lack a clear topographic representation, a uniform expression of the Eph-ephrin molecules was observed. Finally, we also show that a similar patterning mechanism may be implicated in the transfer of visual information to the telencephalon. These results suggest a conserved function for EphA receptors and their ligands in the elaboration of topographic maps at multiple levels of the visual pathway.
Detection and characterization of whale signals using seafloor cabled seismic networks offshore Japan

Ocean ambient noises against seismic signals are well studied using archived waveforms recorded on three-component seismometers and hydrophones connected to a seafloor cabled seismic network off Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan basically facing the Pacific Ocean. The system was deployed to install in late July 1999 by Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). Outstanding “noises” at frequency bands of 15-30 Hz are recorded on all components of both seismometers and hydrophones, which are directly recognized as fin whale calls in comparison with in-situ visual surveys carried in September to October 2009. It is extremely conspicuous that a seasonal variation of the fin whale calls has been revealed in ambient noise spectrograms of continuous longterm waveform records from 2009 to 2013. High-intensity signals associated with the fin whale calls appear commonly in the periods from September to February over cold winter at high latitudes. The remarkable seasonal pattern should be corresponded to their annual living behavior and might be related to climate changes in the Pacific Ocean.
Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory

In this paper, a review of the developments in MRAM technology over the past 20 years is presented. The various MRAM generations are described with a particular focus on spin-transfer torque MRAM (STT-MRAM) which is currently receiving the greatest attention. The working principles of these various MRAM generations, the status of their developments, and demonstrations of working circuits, including already commercialized MRAM products, are discussed.
A Performance Simulation Tool for the Analysis of Data Gathering in Both Terrestrial and Underwater Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have greatly contributed to human-associated technologies. The deployment of WSNs has transcended several paradigms. Two of the most significant features of WSNs are the intensity of deployment and the criticalness of the applications that they govern. The tradeoff between volume and cost requires justified investments for evaluating the multitudes of hardware and complementary software options. In underwater sensor networks (USNs), testing any technique is not only costly but also difficult in terms of full deployment. Therefore, evaluation prior to the actual procurement and setup of a WSN and USN is an extremely important step. The spectrum of performance analysis tools encompassing the test-bed, analysis, and simulation has been able to provide the prerequisites that these evaluations require. Simulations have proven to be an extensively used tool for analysis in the computer network field. A number of simulation tools have been developed for wired/wireless radio networks. However, each simulation tool has several restrictions when extended to the analysis of WSNs. These restrictions are largely attributed to the unique nature of each WSN within a designated area of research. In addition, these tools cannot be used for underwater environments with an acoustic communication medium, because there is a wide range of differences between radio and acoustic communications. The primary purpose of this paper is to present, propose, and develop a discrete event simulation designed specifically for mobile data gathering in WSNs. In addition, this simulator has the ability to simulate 2-D USNs. This simulator has been tailored to cater to both mobile and static data gathering techniques for both topologies, which are either dense or light. The results obtained using this simulator have shown an evolving efficient simulator for both WSNs and USNs. The developed simulator has been extensively tested in terms of its validity and scope of governance.