Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mapping the distributions and quantifying the labelling intensities of cell compartments by immunoelectron microscopy: progress towards a coherent set of methods

An important tool in cell biology is the combination of immunogold labelling and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by which target molecules (e.g. antigens) are bound specifically to affinity markers (primary antibodies) and then detected and localised with visualisation probes (e.g. colloidal gold particles bound to protein A). Gold particles are electron‐dense, punctate and available in different sizes whilst TEM provides high‐resolution images of particles and cell compartments. By virtue of these properties, the combination can be used also to quantify one or more defined targets in cell compartments. During the past decade, new ways of quantifying gold labelling within cells have been devised. Their efficiency and validity rely on sound principles of specimen sampling, event counting and inferential statistics. These include random selection of items at each sampling stage (e.g. specimen blocks, thin sections, microscopical fields), stereological analysis of cell ultrastructure, unbiased particle counting and statistical evaluation of a suitable null hypothesis (no difference in the intensity or pattern of labelling between compartments or groups of cells). The following approaches are possible: (i) A target molecule can be tested for preferential labelling by mapping the localisation of gold particles across a set of compartments. (ii) Data from wild‐type and knockdown/knockout control cells can be used to correct raw gold particle counts, estimate specific labelling densities and then test for preferential labeling. (iii) The same antigen can be mapped in two or more groups of cells to test whether there are experimental shifts in compartment labelling patterns. (iv) A variant of this approach uses more than one size of gold particle to test whether or not different antigens colocalise in one or more compartments. (v) In studies involving antigen translocation, absolute numbers of gold particles can be mapped over compartments at specific positions within polarised, oriented or dividing cells. Here, the current state of the art is reviewed and approaches are illustrated with virtual datasets.
Clinical applications of proton MR spectroscopy.

Magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy has received little attention from the clinical radiology community. Indeed, most MR spectroscopic studies are performed by a small and dedicated group of individuals, mostly basic scientists. This behavior is partly because MR spectroscopy does not produce “pictures” but results in “graphs,” and until lately, it could only be obtained with dedicated units and software. At present, MR spectroscopy may be obtained with many clinical 1.5-T MR units and commercially available software. Adequate MR spectra may be obtained in periods of time as short as 10 to 15 minutes. Therefore, they may be added to routine MR imaging studies without significant time penalties. Moreover, MR spectroscopy provides greater information concerning tissue characterization than what is possible with MR imaging studies alone. This article will review the current status of proton MR spectroscopy with emphasis on its clinical utility for evaluation of neurologic disorders. Also, we include a section on some innovative and promising uses of proton MR spectroscopy. The information provided here is simplified in the hope that its understanding will lead to increased use of proton MR spectroscopy by clinical radiologists.
A Prominent Role for Sp1 During Lipopolysaccharide- Mediated Induction of the IL-10 Promoter in Macrophages1

IL-10 is an antiinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated macrophages and Th2 cells. IL-10 secretion promotes the down-regulation of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and the development of Th2 responses. In macrophages, proinflammatory cytokines appear to be induced by similar mechanisms, but the IL-10 induction mechanisms have not been examined. We have analyzed the murine IL-10 promoter in the RAW264.7 macrophage line activated with LPS. A comprehensive mutant analysis revealed only one element upstream of the core promoter that was essential for promoter induction. A refined mutant analysis localized this element to nucleotides −89 to −78, and gel shift experiments revealed that it represents a nonconsensus binding site for Sp1. The functional relevance of Sp1 was supported by the high affinity of the interaction, the close correlation between the nucleotides required for Sp1 binding and promoter function, and the ability of an Sp1 consensus sequence to substitute for the −89/−78 promoter sequence. Evidence that Sp1 may be a target of signaling pathways involved in IL-10 induction was provided by the exclusive requirement for the Sp1 binding site, by the ability of the Sp1 site to confer induction to a heterologous promoter, and by the delineation of an Sp1 domain that can mediate induction. No relevant contribution from Rel, C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein), or AP-1 binding sites, which regulate most proinflammatory cytokine promoters, was observed. Together, these results demonstrate that IL-10 gene regulation is distinct from the regulation of proinflammatory cytokine genes, and suggest that Sp1 may be a central mediator of IL-10 induction.
The Impact of Cultural Validation on the College Experiences of Southeast Asian American Students

The purpose of this study is to explore the critical role of culture on the success of Southeast Asian American (SEAA) college students. Specifically, we examined the saliency of cultural validation and how it shaped the educational trajectories of SEAAs. A national sample of 34 participants was analyzed across 5 public, 4-year colleges and universities. Findings suggest the need for (a) cultural knowledge, (b) cultural familiarity, (c) cultural expression, and (d) cultural advocacy. In addition, the low number of SEAA students on their respective campuses heavily influenced their college experience. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Enhancing RPL for Robust and Efficient Routing in Challenging Environments

In typical settings for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), a potentially large set of nodes operates under strict requirements concerning energy consumption and packet delivery success. If non-reliable or even malicious nodes participate, standard protocols can suffer in performance which may result in a limited functionality of the whole network. This paper addresses this issue by establishing end-to-end trust relationships among nodes with the goal to isolate malicious nodes. In order to increase the scalability towards large-scale system sizes, we extend the mechanism with an adaptive signature mechanism as basis for the trust value distribution technique. Evaluations cover a theoretical discussion and a simulation-based setting. The results show that malicious nodes can be quickly isolated. Thereby, the already low additional effort for trust can be reduced significantly compared to reference solutions.
Transition to adulthood for students with severe intellectual disabilities: Shifting toward person-family interdependent planning

The transition from high school to adulthood is a major life change for most young adults and their families, and generally it is depicted as an especially stressful time for young people with disabilities and their families. Adequate planning is required to address the challenging impact of this stage of life on families. The purposes of this paper are to provide a general overview of personcentered planning and family-centered planning and to suggest merging these two approaches into personfamily interdependent planning to better meet the needs of this challenging time.
The Roles and Challenges of Deans

This paper examines the relationships between academic deans' roles, conflict, and ambiguity, and postulates that the same roles in which they engage today are regarded as challenges in the future which will not abate unless conflict and ambiguity are lessened. The authors discuss the implications of these issues and recommend strategies recommended for easing the burden of the deanship from personal, administrative, and positional perspectives.
Limitations of exemplar-based generalization and the abstraction of categorical information.

An evaluation of exemplar-based models of generalization was provided for illdefined categories in a category abstraction paradigm. Subjects initially classified 35 high-level distortions into three categories, defined by 5, 10, and 20 different patterns, followed by a transfer test administered immediately and after 1 wk. The transfer patterns included old, new, prototype, and unrelated exemplars, of which the new patterns were at one of five levels of similarity to a particular training (old) stimulus. In both experiments, increases in category size and oldnew similarity facilitated transfer performance. However, the effectiveness of old-new similarity was strongly attenuated by increases in category size and delay of the transfer test. It was concluded that examplar-based generalization may be effective only under conditions of minimal category experience and immediacy of test; with continued category experience, performance on the prototype determines classification accuracy. Categories are said to be ill defined (Neisser, 1967) when it is not obvious what dimensions characterize a category, and the variety among the potential members of a category is essentially infinite. Examples of ill-defined categories are quite diverse and would include the natural categories, musical style, hand-written letter As, and the class of sound patterns associated with a specific spoken word. How the human organism learns ill-defined categories, and how this knowledge is transferred to novel situations, has been a topic of considerable attention over the past 10 years. Posner and Keele (1968, 1970) argued that a prototype or central tendency is abstracted during the classification of distorted but related patterns. In their experiments, the subject initially sorted dot-pattern stimuli into a number of categories, with each category represented by a different reference pattern (objective prototype). ClasThis research was supported b y National Institute of
Testing Parallel Variable Transformation on VPP 500

This paper studies performance of the parallel variable transformation (PVT) algorithm for unconstrained nonlinear optimization through numerical experiments on a Fujitsu VPP500, one of the most up-to-date vector parallel computer. Special attention is paid to a particular form of the PVT algorithm that is regarded as a generalization of the block Jacobi algorithm that allows overlapping of variables among processors. Implementation strategies on the VPP500 are described in detail and results of numerical experiments are reported.
Taking Sacred Space out of Place: From Mount Sinai to Mount Getty Through Travelling Icons

Abstract Starting from a behind‐the‐scenes tour preceding the opening of the recent Getty exhibition Icons from Sinai, this article seeks to destabilize traditional notions of sacred space as a territorially fixed entity defined through a binary opposition to the profane. Icons and other ‘travelling’ sacred objects are regarded as vehicles for the circulation and displacement of holy places outside of their physical boundaries and for the reconfiguration of sacred space in new, hybrid forms. The paper thus suggests a reconceptualization of sacred space in relational terms, as the product of human and non‐human interactions and networked flows, and of ‘sacred places’ as ‘reassuring anchors’ (both territorial and imaginative) within a world of fluid global networks.
Adaptative clustering Particle Swarm Optimization

The performance of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms depends strongly upon the interaction among the particles. The existing communication topologies for PSO (e.g. star, ring, wheel, pyramid, von Neumann, clan, four clusters) can be viewed as distinct means to coordinate the information flow within the swarm. Overall, each particle exerts some influence among others placed in its immediate neighborhood or even in different neighborhoods, depending on the communication schema (rules) used. The neighborhood of particles within PSO topologies is determined by the particles' indexes that usually reflect a spatial arrangement. In this paper, in addition to position information of particles, we investigate the use of adaptive density-based clustering algorithm - ADACLUS - to create neighborhoods (i.e. clusters) that are formed considering velocity information of particles. Additionally, we suggest that the new clustering rationale be used in conjunction with Clan-PSO main ideas. The proposed approach was tested in a wide range of well known benchmark functions. The experimental results obtained indicate that this new approach can improve the global search ability of the PSO technique.
Layout System for the Random Logic Portion of MOS LSI

The random logic portion of an MOS LSI chip intended mainly for a calculator is constructed of an array of MOS complex gates, each composed of an MOS ratioless circuit with a multi-phase clocking system, and occupies ordinarily a considerable part of chip area. In this paper, a layout system for this portion of an LSI is described, which is constructed on the basis of a set of optimization heuristics. Experimental results of the layout system are also shown so as to reveal that the random logic portion can be realized in much the same area as can be done by manual layout.
Self-criticism and the therapeutic relationship

The relationship between self-criticism and the therapeutic alliance was examined in 169 clients attending counselling in a community clinic. Self-criticism was associated with lower client ratings of the working alliance, suggesting that clients with higher self-criticism had greater difficulties establishing and maintaining a therapeutic alliance. These findings extend previous studies on the working alliance and self-criticism from highly controlled clinical studies to a more ecologically valid community mental health setting. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the mediating effect of additional factors on the relationship between self-criticism and the working alliance. Sensitivity to a perceived subordinate role in therapy did not impact the working alliance, although a general resistance to subordination was related to self-criticism. Implications for counselling self-critical clients are discussed.
Principals Creating Case Studies of One Another: The Peer-Assisted Leadership Program.

As a result of conducting case studies of effective principals, Far West Laboratory staff members decided to translate some of our research methods and findings into a professional development program for principals. This program, referred to as Peer-Assisted Leadership (PAL), allows principals to use direct observation and interviews to build case studies of one another. This article will begin with a brief outline of the program's origins, followed by descriptions of the operation of the PAL program, of the way in which a case study is created by principals, and of the reactions of principals to this type of inservice training.
The Effect of Temporal Distance on Attitudes toward Imprecise Probabilities and Imprecise Outcomes

Many personal, managerial, and societal decisions involve uncertain or ambiguous consequences that will occur in the future. Yet, previous empirical research on ambiguity preferences has focused mainly on decisions with immediate outcomes. To close this gap in the literature, this paper examines ambiguity attitudes toward future prospects, particularly how they may differ from the attitudes toward comparable prospects in the present. On the basis of a recent paradigm, we first distinguish between two types of ambiguity: imprecise probabilities and imprecise outcomes. Then, in accordance with construal level theory, which shows that temporal distance increases the relative importance of outcomes over probabilities in evaluating prospects, we conjecture that temporal distance would moderate attitudes toward imprecise probabilities but amplify attitudes toward imprecise outcomes. Through a series of experiments, we demonstrate that when the prospects are in the future, individuals are less averse toward imprecise probabilities and more seeking toward imprecise outcomes. However, the effect is most prominent for prospects where both the probability and outcome dimensions are concurrently imprecise. The paper ends with a discussion on how dimension salience may have contributed to this result. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LAYSI: A Layered Approach for SLA-Violation Propagation in Self-Manageable Cloud Infrastructures

Cloud computing represents a promising computing paradigm where computing resources have to be allocated to software for their execution. Self-manageable Cloud infrastructures are required to achieve that level of flexibility on one hand, and to comply to users' requirements specified by means of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) on the other. Such infrastructures should automatically respond to changing component, workload, and environmental conditions minimizing user interactions with the system and preventing violations of agreed SLAs. However, identification of sources responsible for the possible SLA violation and the decision about the reactive actions necessary to prevent SLA violation is far from trivial. First, in this paper we present a novel approach for mapping low-level resource metrics to SLA parameters necessary for the identification of failure sources. Second, we devise a layered Cloud architecture for the bottom-up propagation of failures to the layer, which can react to sensed SLA violation threats. Moreover, we present a communication model for the propagation of SLA violation threats to the appropriate layer of the Cloud infrastructure, which includes negotiators, brokers, and automatic service deployer.
On Spatial Perception Issues In Augmented Reality Based Immersive Analytics

Beyond other domains, the field of immersive analytics makes use of Augmented Reality techniques to successfully support users in analyzing data. When displaying ubiquitous data integrated into the everyday life, spatial immersion issues like depth perception, data localization and object relations become relevant. Although there is a variety of techniques to deal with those, they are difficult to apply if the examined data or the reference space are large and abstract. In this work, we discuss observed problems in such immersive analytics systems and the applicability of current countermeasures to identify needs for action.
Fuzzy Adaptive Control Design and Discretization for a Class of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems

In this paper, tracking control problems are investigated for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in lower triangular form. First, a state-feedback controller is designed by using adaptive backstepping technique and the universal approximation ability of fuzzy logic systems. During the design procedure, a developed method with less computation is proposed by constructing one maximum adaptive parameter. Furthermore, adaptive controllers with nonsymmetric dead-zone are also designed for the systems. Then, a sampled-data control scheme is presented to discretize the obtained continuous-time controller by using the forward Euler method. It is shown that both proposed continuous and discrete controllers can ensure that the system output tracks the target signal with a small bounded error and the other closed-loop signals remain bounded. Two simulation examples are presented to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed new design techniques.
On sufficient conditions for unsatisfiability of random formulas

A descriptive complexity approach to random 3-SAT is initiated. We show that unsatisfiability of any significant fraction of random 3-CNF formulas cannot be certified by any property that is expressible in Datalog. Combined with the known relationship between the complexity of constraint satisfaction problems and expressibility in Datalog, our result implies that any constraint propagation algorithm working with small constraints will fail to certify unsatisfiability almost always. Our result is a consequence of designing a winning strategy for one of the players in the existential pebble game. The winning strategy makes use of certain extension axioms that we introduce and hold almost surely on a random 3-CNF formula. The second contribution of our work is the connection between finite model theory and propositional proof complexity. To make this connection explicit, we establish a tight relationship between the number of pebbles needed to win the game and the width of the Resolution refutations. As a consequence to our result and the known size--width relationship in Resolution, we obtain new proofs of the exponential lower bounds for Resolution refutations of random 3-CNF formulas and the Pigeonhole Principle.
Invading parasites cause a structural shift in red fox dynamics

The influence of parasites on host life histories and populations is pronounced. Among several diseases affecting animal populations throughout the world, sarcoptic mange has influenced many carnivore populations dramatically and during the latest epizootic in Fennoscandia reduced the abundance of red fox by over 70%. While the numerical responses of red fox populations, their prey and their competitors as well as clinical implications are well known, knowledge of how sarcoptic mange affects the structure of the dynamics of red fox populations is lacking. Integrating ecological theory and statistical modelling, we analysed the long–term dynamics (1955–1996) of 14 Danish red fox populations. As suggested by the model, invading sarcoptic mange significantly affected direct and delayed density dependence in red fox dynamics and concomitant shifts in fluctuation patterns were observed. Our statistical analyses also revealed that the spatial progressive spread of mange mites was mirrored in the autocovariate structures of red fox populations progressively exposed to sarcoptic mange.
Servant Leadership: Its Origin, Development, and Application in Organizations

This paper examines the philosophical foundation of servant leadership by extracting several value-laden principles drawn from Greenleafs and Jesus Christ's delineation of the concept. The primary intent and self-concept of servant leaders are singled out as the distinctive features of servant leadership. While empirical research studies are critically needed to develop the concepts underlying the servant leadership movement into sound theory, an accurate understanding of the conceptual roots of servant leadership is essential in the process. The current developmental stage of the servant leadership movement is explored in order to provide some useful signposts for future research directions.