Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Health Impacts and Costs Due to Mercury Emissions

Since much of the emission is in the form of metallic Hg whose atmospheric residence time is long enough to cause nearly uniform mixing in the hemisphere, much of the impact is global. This article presents a first estimate of global average neurotoxic impacts and costs by defining a comprehensive transfer factor for ingestion of methyl‐Hg as ratio of global average dose rate and global emission rate. For the dose‐response function (DRF) we use recent estimates of IQ decrement as function of Hg concentration in blood, as well as correlations between blood concentration and Hg ingestion. The cost of an IQ point is taken as $18,000 in the United States and applied in other countries in proportion to per capita GDP, adjusted for purchase power parity. The mean estimate of the global average of the marginal damage cost per emitted kg of Hg is about $1,500/kg, if one assumes a dose threshold of 6.7 μg/day of methyl‐Hg per person, and $3,400/kg without threshold. The average global lifetime impact and cost per person at current emission levels are 0.02 IQ points lost and $78 with and 0.087 IQ points and $344 without threshold. These results are global averages; for any particular source and emission site the impacts can be quite different. An assessment of the overall uncertainties indicates that the damage cost could be a factor 4 smaller or larger than the median estimate (the uncertainty distribution is approximately log normal and the ratio median/mean is approximately 0.4).
Regional Fat Metabolism in Human Splanchnic and Adipose Tissues; The Effect of Exercise

This study was conducted to investigate the role of splanchnic and adipose tissue in the regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism at rest, during 1 h of semi‐recumbent cycle exercise at 60 % of maximal power output and 3 h of recovery. In six post‐absorptive healthy volunteers catheters were placed in a radial artery, hepatic vein and a subcutaneous vein on the anterior abdominal wall. Whole body, and regional splanchnic and adipose tissue FA metabolism were measured by a constant infusion of the stable isotopes [U‐13C] palmitate and [2H5] glycerol and according to Fick's principle. The whole body rate of extracellular FA reesterification was similar at rest and during exercise (≈290 μmol min−1) and increased during recovery to a plateau of 390 μmol min−1. FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) uptake by adipose tissue was undetectable, but a constant but small glycerol uptake of ≈25 nmol (100 g)−1 min−1 was observed. From the FA taken up by the splanchnic area, 13 % was oxidized, 5–11 % converted to ketone bodies, and ≈35 % incorporated in TAG released both at rest and at the third hour of recovery from exercise. Splanchnic FA reesterification could account for 51 % and 58 % of whole body extracellular FA reesterification, of which half was accounted for by TAG released from the splanchnic area, at rest and in recovery, respectively. In conclusion, in the post‐absorptive state, adipose tissue contributes very little to extracellular FA reesterification and splanchnic reesterification can account for 50–60 %, implying that FA reesterification in other tissues is important. The extracellular FA reesterification rate does not change with exercise but is higher during recovery. Furthermore, the uptake of glycerol by adipose tissue indicates that adipose tissue can metabolize glycerol.
General parallel structure digital repetitive control

This article presents a parallel structure digital repetitive control (PSDRC) scheme, where the internal models of all harmonics are decomposed into multiple parallel connected groups. Compared with conventional repetitive controller, the proposed parallel structure enables repetitive controller to regulate the error convergence rate at each group of harmonic frequencies independently and offers faster total error convergence rate. Moreover, PSDRC can achieve zero-error tracking or perfect disturbance rejection for all harmonics without occupying more data memory. A stability criterion with rigorous proof for PSDRC system is addressed, which is compatible with those existing stability criteria for existing RC schemes. An application example of three-phase pulse-width modulation inverter is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSDRC scheme.
The Appropriateness of the Use of Cardiovascular Procedures: British Versus U.S. Perspectives

Abstract To determine whether patients are less likely to receive an inappropriate procedure in countries that devote fewer resources to health care than does the United States, we studied how appropriately coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass surgery were performed in the Trent region of the United Kingdom. The medical records of 320 patients who underwent coronary angiography and 319 who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery in 1987 and 1988 were randomly selected for review. Despite the United Kingdom's more limited use of coronary angiography and coronary artery bypass surgery, a substantial proportion were still performed for less than appropriate reasons, by both U.S. and U.K. criteria. Merely reducing the rate of use of these procedures will not be sufficient to eliminate such inappropriate use.
Exploring different routes of recovery from memory in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for preserved long-term priming

Studies investigating implicit memory in Alzheimer's disease suggest that priming abilities disappear over time. This study investigates long-term priming in Alzheimer's disease. A total of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 20 controls underwent the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test. After a 30-minute delay, participants were submitted to a word identification task comprising the studied words and new words. The patients exhibited a long-term priming effect similar to that presented by the comparison group. Therefore, whereas explicit retrieval is definitely impaired in Alzheimer's disease, implicit processes allowing the retrieval of that same information operate relatively normally, including after a long delay.
Sleep problems of junior high school students in Taipei.

The objective of this work was to study the relationship between daily sleep time and characteristics of students, e.g. grade level, gender, and academic program. A sleep habit questionnaire was designed to survey students at two junior high schools, one from northern Taipei and the other from southern Taipei. The impact of shortened duration of sleep on daily function was also evaluated. A total of 965 students and their parents were selected randomly in December 1993 for the questionnaire study. The response rate was 96.4% (930) for students and 88.6% (855) for parents. The self-reported daily sleep time of students declined, and daytime sleepiness and moodiness increased in the higher grades. The girls slept fewer hours than the boys and did not show an increase in daytime sleepiness. Those students not taking the senior high school joint entrance examination slept more hours at night and maintained more alertness in the daytime than those who were taking the examination. The more academic pressures that adolescents faced, the fewer hours they slept. Students not participating in the joint entrance examination seemed to show a healthier sleep pattern. Little sleep at night made the students feel sleepy in the daytime and tired, drowsy, moody and difficult at arising in the morning. The reason why girls slept less than boys needs further investigation.
Comparative simulation study on MoS2 FET and CMOS transistor

MoS2 FET and SOI/FinFET are simulated and compared to experimental results and the impact of gate scaling-down on the transistor performance is studied. Though MoS2 FET shows better suppression of the short channel effect, its on-current is still lower than that of sSOI/FinFET down to 10nm physical channel length due to the low saturation velocity of MoS2. In addition, the improvement of mobility over 60cm2/Vs has little benefit for the on-current.
Low profile UHF meandered antennas for RFID and WSN's applications

In this paper, two UHF meandered line antennas have been designed, simulated, fabricated and measured. These are, the meandered antenna and the spiral antenna for RFID and WSN's applications. A MoM-based electromagnetic simulator has been utilized to simulate the designed antennas. The antennas have been fabricated and their performances have been tested in anechoic chamber for more accurate results. The results showed that the meandered antenna outperforms the spiral antenna in terms of read range values. An acceptable agreement between measured and simulated results is demonstrated. Additionally, the effect of different materials attached to the fabricated antennas were also studied and the results show that water has significant effect on the resonant frequency and the cardboard has the least.
Cylindrical metasurfaces for exotic electromagnetic wave manipulations

We present closed-boundary cylindrical metasurfaces for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves. We suggest a systematic analytical approach for the analysis and synthesis of such metasurfaces. Moreover, we demonstrate a conceptual synthesis example i.e., an electromagnetic illusion device and suggest other applications using the proposed approach. The suggested approach paves the way for more complex and interesting wave manipulations.
OS MARCADORES MOLECULARES EM PEIXES E SUAS APLICAÇÕES EM PUBLICAÇÕES DA BASE DE DADOS DO SCIELO

Dentre as principais tecnicas de analise genetica, o emprego de marcadores moleculares tem exercido um papel representativo nos ultimos anos. Essas ferramentas tem sido constantemente utilizadas para a resolucao de problemas taxonomicos, no melhoramento genetico de especies, nos estudos de variacoes do genoma, na analise filogenetica e evolutiva, na verificacao de polimorfismo nas populacoes entre outros. Visando analisar a contribuicao dos marcadores moleculares para a ictiologia e apontar possiveis direcoes para o desenvolvimento de sua utilizacao, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar os principais marcadores moleculares, assim como, o objetivo de sua utilizacao em artigos presentes na base de dados do Scielo.org. Entre os resultados destaca-se a utilizacao predominante dos marcadores do tipo RAPD e entre os objetivos da utilizacao dos marcadores, a analise de variabilidade genetica. Os resultados apontam para a escassa utilizacao de marcadores no melhoramento genetico e manejo de peixes, indicando uma possibilidade inexplorada com grande potencial para o desenvolvimento da ictiologia.
Intravascular B-cell Lymphoma: Report of Two Cases with Different Clinical Presentation but Rapid Central Nervous System Involvement

Intravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare large-cell lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by a widespread lymphoma proliferation within the lumen of medium and small vessels, frequently presenting with skin and/or central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. The tumor is of B-cell origin in most cases. Prognosis is poor with a reported median survival of 5-7 months. We describe here two cases of IVL. The first was that of a 55-year-old woman with a large B-cell lymphoma of the leg, successfully treated with conventional chemotherapy (CHT) followed by autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation. At 3 months from the autograft she relapsed with a picture of hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) and CNS symptoms. She died before any specific treatment, and post-mortem examination revealed the intravascular proliferation of lymphoma B-cells in the brain and bone marrow. The second case was that of a 60-year-old male with CNS involvement at diagnosis. He responded poorly to CHOP-like CHT, and died 2 months after diagnosis and 6 months after onset of symptoms. Failure of CHT at least in some IVL patients may be related to a delay in the initiation of therapy due to non-specific neurological symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis based upon aggressive attempts immediately followed by adequate therapy may prove beneficial to these patients. In the present report, we performed an extended medline-based review of the published series of patients with IVL.
Dbf4-Cdc7 Phosphorylation of Mcm2 Is Required for Cell Growth*

The Dbf4-Cdc7 kinase (DDK) is required for the activation of the origins of replication, and DDK phosphorylates Mcm2 in vitro. We find that budding yeast Cdc7 alone exists in solution as a weakly active multimer. Dbf4 forms a likely heterodimer with Cdc7, and this species phosphorylates Mcm2 with substantially higher specific activity. Dbf4 alone binds tightly to Mcm2, whereas Cdc7 alone binds weakly to Mcm2, suggesting that Dbf4 recruits Cdc7 to phosphorylate Mcm2. DDK phosphorylates two serine residues of Mcm2 near the N terminus of the protein, Ser-164 and Ser-170. Expression of mcm2-S170A is lethal to yeast cells that lack endogenous MCM2 (mcm2Δ); however, this lethality is rescued in cells harboring the DDK bypass mutant mcm5-bob1. We conclude that DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 is required for cell growth.
A Modification to the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire to Include an Assessment of Amotivation

Drawing on self-determination theory, Mullan, Markland, and Ingledew (1997) developed the Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ) to measure the continuum of behavioral regulation in exercise contexts. The BREQ assesses external, identified, introjected, and intrinsic regulations. Mullan et al. initially included a set of amotivation items but dropped these due to high levels of skewness and a restricted response range in their development sample. It would clearly be useful to assess amotivation for exercise. This study aimed to test the factorial validity of a modified BREQ with amotivation items reinstated in a sample likely to exhibit a wider range of amotivation responses. A total of 194 former exercise referral scheme participants completed the revised instrument (BREQ-2). Although the amotivation items were still skewed, confirmatory factor analysis using the Satorra-Bentler (1994) scaling correction to χ2 indicated an excellent model ft. The BREQ-2 could prove useful to researchers .
Joint Sensor: Security Test and Evaluation Embedded in a Production Network Sensor Cloud

A great security posture inherently requires that cyber operations employ the latest discoveries inemerging security research to keep in step with trends in attack methodologies. The mosttrenchant cyber security research to date employs actual network data to ensure sensingalgorithms and defense methodologies are effective in real-world scenarios. This approach oftenrequires discernments to be made as temporally close to the observed events as possible to allowrapid adaptability of the security posture upon detection of an anomaly. Traditional securityarchitectures, on the other hand, are static and are managed as a centralized, homogenous,symmetrical framework of visibility and interception. Even though access to the data collectedfrom such an environment provides some accessional improvement to researching newalgorithms and detection methods, these incremental offline advancements are vetted in a sterile,non-real-time environment without the benefit of sequent responses or adaptive determinationsaccoutered by a production environment. The primary goal of the Defense Research EngineeringNetwork Cyber Security Test Bed is to leverage emerging network protocols and recentdistributed computational techniques to create a cloud of sensors built on tractable computerserver platforms that enables cutting-edge security to coexist with current security infrastructuredirectly inside the production network. The transition time of the latest cyber research fromtheory to practice will be significantly reduced while intrinsically revolutionizing the approachto engineering network security architectures. By creating a true proving ground by which thescience of new algorithms and detection methods can interact directly with raw (as opposed tofiltered, sensed, or captured) traffic in real or near-real time in a safe and controlled way, theproposed test bed will provide meaningful advances that can appreciably address the ever-changing landscape of cyber attacks.Key words: Adaptive; cloud; Defense Research and Engineering Network (DREN);detection; live; network; security; sensor; test bed.
Climbing the Symbolic Ladder in the DIR Model Through Floor Time/Interactive Play

The developmental, individual-difference, relationship-based model (DIR), a theoretical and applied framework for comprehensive intervention, examines the functional developmental capacities of children in the context of their unique biologically based processing profile and their family relationships and interactive patterns. As a functional approach, it uses the complex interactions between biology and experience to understand behavior and articulates the developmental capacities that provide the foundation for higher order symbolic thinking and relating. During spontaneous ‘floor time’ play sessions, adults follow the child’s lead utilizing affectively toned interactions through gestures and words to move the child up the symbolic ladder by first establishing a foundation of shared attention, engagement, simple and complex gestures, and problem solving to usher the child into the world of ideas and abstract thinking. This process is illustrated by a case example of a young boy on the autism spectrum interacting with his father during ‘floor time’ over a 3 year period.
New rules for deriving formal models from text

Automatically converting text into formal models such as Enhanced Entity Relationship Diagrams, Class Diagrams and Relational Database Schemas is a time and effort saving process, but it is not a trivial process. There are a good number of rules required to convert Natural Language text into formal models. The purpose of this paper is to review existing rules, explain their limitations, and derive new rules for tackling those limitations and thereby helping to obtain an accurate conversion. The rules are divided into three groups: rules to define entities/classes/tables; rules to define relationship between entities/classes/tables and rules to define attributes of entities/classes/tables.
An evolving system for simulating clothes on virtual actors

This cloth modeling and animation system aims to support virtual actors who can dress and undress themselves. It now creates autonomous clothes, independent of the synthetic human wearing them. The interactive editor, proportion box and body-scaling feature provide a set of intuitive tools for animators to design a rich variety of human shapes, and we have shown how to dress them with autonomous clothes. The new software considerably improves system performance, versatility and ease of use, and our goal of simulating actors that can dress and undress themselves is significantly closer.
Effect of sexual recombination on population diversity in aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and evidence for cryptic heterokaryosis

Aspergillus flavus is the major producer of carcinogenic aflatoxins (AFs) in crops worldwide. Natural populations of A. flavus show tremendous variation in AF production, some of which can be attributed to environmental conditions, differential regulation of the AF biosynthetic pathway and deletions or loss‐of‐function mutations in the AF gene cluster. Understanding the evolutionary processes that generate genetic diversity in A. flavus may also explain quantitative differences in aflatoxigenicity. Several population studies using multilocus genealogical approaches provide indirect evidence of recombination in the genome and specifically in the AF gene cluster. More recently, A. flavus has been shown to be functionally heterothallic and capable of sexual reproduction in laboratory crosses. In the present study, we characterize the progeny from nine A. flavus crosses using toxin phenotype assays, DNA sequence‐based markers and array comparative genome hybridization. We show high AF heritability linked to genetic variation in the AF gene cluster, as well as recombination through the independent assortment of chromosomes and through crossing over within the AF cluster that coincides with inferred recombination blocks and hotspots in natural populations. Moreover, the vertical transmission of cryptic alleles indicates that while an A. flavus deletion strain is predominantly homokaryotic, it may harbour AF cluster genes at a low copy number. Results from experimental matings indicate that sexual recombination is driving genetic and functional hyperdiversity in A. flavus. The results of this study have significant implications for managing AF contamination of crops and for improving biocontrol strategies using nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus.
Functional Roles of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase UBR5 in Cancer

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) is an important regulator of cell signaling and proteostasis, which are essential to a variety of cellular processes. The UPS is disrupted in many diseases including cancer, and targeting the UPS for cancer therapy is gaining wide interest. E3 ubiquitin ligases occupy a key position in the hierarchical UPS enzymatic cascade, largely responsible for determining substrate specificity and ubiquitin (Ub) chain topology. The E3 ligase UBR5 (aka EDD1) is emerging as a key regulator of the UPS in cancer and development. UBR5 expression is deregulated in many cancer types and UBR5 is frequently mutated in mantle cell lymphoma. UBR5 is highly conserved in metazoans, has unique structural features, and has been implicated in regulation of DNA damage response, metabolism, transcription, and apoptosis. Hence, UBR5 is a key regulator of cell signaling relevant to broad areas of cancer biology. However, the mechanism by which UBR5 may contribute to tumor initiation and progression remains poorly defined. This review synthesizes emerging insights from genetics, biochemistry, and cell biology to inform our understanding of UBR5 in cancer. These molecular insights indicate a role for UBR5 in integrating/coordinating various cellular signaling pathways. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions in UBR5 biology and highlight the need to systematically characterize substrates, and address limitations in current animal models, to better define the role of UBR5 in cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 13(12); 1523–32. ©2015 AACR.
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B with interferon alpha-2b and interleukin-2.

A total of 37 patients with histologically confirmed chronic viral hepatitis B and presence of HBV-DNA and HBsAg in the serum were treated in a randomized, prospectively controlled multicenter trial either with recombinant IFN alpha-2b alone or a combination of IFN alpha-2b and recombinant IL-2. Twenty-two patients from group A were treated with 3 MU of IFN alpha-2b s.c. thrice weekly for 5 months. Starting at month 2 IL-2 was added: priming doses of 1.5 million CU were given s.c. on the first 2 days of each of the remaining 3 months, followed by maintenance doses of 0.3 million CU daily for 5 days per week. Fifteen patients from group B received 5 MU of IFN alpha-2b s.c. thrice weekly for 5 months. Five patients from group A (24%) and 4 patients from group B (28%) cleared HBV-DNA and HBeAg from the serum, and normalized elevated serum aminotransferase activities. The response rate in both groups did not differ significantly. Since side effects were more pronounced during combination therapy than in IFN alpha-2b monotherapy, it is suggested that treatment with IFN alpha-2b alone is preferable to a regimen of IFN alpha-2b/IL-2 applied according to the above schedule.