Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Final Design of the Quench Protection Circuits for the JT-60SA Superconducting Magnets

This paper describes the detailed design of the quench protection circuits (QPCs) for the superconducting toroidal field (TF) and poloidal field (PF) magnets of the satellite tokamak JT-60SA, which will be installed in Naka, Japan. The nominal currents to be interrupted and the maximum reapplied voltages are 25.7 kA and 2.8 kV for the TF QPCs and 20 kA and 5 kV for the PF QPCs. The innovative solution proposed in the QPC design is based on a hybrid circuit breaker (CB) composed of a mechanical bypass switch for conducting the continuous current, in parallel to a static CB for current interruption. The main choices of the final design are presented and discussed, either to confirm or to update and complete the study performed at the conceptual design level.
An Analysis of Tourists' Expenditure on Winter Sports Events through the Tobit Censorate Model

This study analyses the economic impact of the Biathlon World Cup 2009 in Antholz-Anterselva. The survey concentrates on the immediate, direct and short-term additional revenue brought into the region by foreign sports event spectators. The authors first apply an expenditure-based segmentation technique to data collected during the event to separate respondents according to socio-demographic variables. Second, a Tobit analysis is applied to obtain an expenditure model that is useful in explaining the different determinants of trip expenditures by spectators of the event. The results reveal significant socio-demographic differences between the four expenditure groups. For instance, heavy spenders are composed mainly of mature tourists, arriving for the first time in medium-sized groups. Also, the most important factors in total expenditure are income level, the geographical origin of the spectator and the size of the travel group.
The changing division of labour between nurses and nursing assistants in New Brunswick.

BACKGROUND In 1989, the professional nursing organization that represents nurses in New Brunswick adopted baccalaureate entry to practice in nursing. This decision coincided with a major restructuring of provincial health care. Consequently, there has been a reorganization of health care worker roles which affects nurses and nursing assistants. AIM This paper explores the changing division of labour between nurses and nursing assistants in the province of New Brunswick, Canada. METHODS The study used archival material, from the period 1978-1990, of three nursing organizations that played a significant role in initiating baccalaureate entry to practice. Interviews with 19 key people involved in the decision to upgrade nurse education were conducted. Data from the archival material and interviews were analysed jointly. FINDINGS There are ongoing tensions between nurses and nursing assistants. Although nurses would like a support worker, they remain ambiguous about the role of nursing assistants in health care and which tasks should be delegated to this group. Nursing leaders are concerned about the ease with which some patient-related tasks are moved to nursing assistants. In the past, these concerns have led nursing leaders to attempt to limit nursing assistant responsibilities through both legislative means and ways of organizing nursing labour (primary nursing). As a result of health care reforms and baccalaureate entry to practice for nurses, nursing assistant responsibilities are currently expanding. CONCLUSION Upgrading nurse education, which came into effect in 1996 with the closure of diploma schools in New Brunswick, is likely to entrench the role of nursing assistants in health care because of the economic value of their work during a period of restructuring and rationalization of health care.
Inheriting inequality: institutional influences on the distribution of wealth

This paper presents simulation results for the distribution of wealth. The object is to illustrate the importance of institutions for understanding intergenerational wealth dynamics and the asymptotic tendency of wealth inequality. The focal institutions are the family and the state. Familial institutions, particularly marriage, prove to be core determinants of wealth inequality. State tax and transfer policies also have important effects on wealth inequality. The result that reductions in the estate tax exclusion can substantially increase wealth inequality provides a context for current public policy debates.
Investigation of propagation properties of Surface Plasmon Polariton mode in AlGaAs/Ag/AlGaAs waveguide

Propagation properties of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) mode in AlGaAs/Ag/AlGaAs waveguide are presented. A two dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) based algorithm has been developed in order to analyze the dynamics of the waveguide numerically. The SPP mode is excited through a monochromatic point source embedded in the AlGaAs layer. The SPP wavelength in the waveguide and penetration depth of SPP in Ag and AlGaAs layers have been calculated both analytically and numerically. An excellent agreement has been observed between the analytical and numerical results. The electric field strength at different distances from top AlGaAs/Ag interface is also analyzed and presented.
Membrane Orientation and Subcellular Localization of Transmembrane Protein 106B (TMEM106B), a Major Risk Factor for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration*♦

Background: TMEM106B, a major risk factor for FTLD, is a protein of unknown function and cellular properties. Results: TMEM106B is a glycosylated type 2 membrane protein that localizes to late endosomes/lysosomes. Conclusion: The cellular properties of TMEM106B suggest a function in protein turnover in endosomes/lysosomes. Significance: These findings provide the biochemical and cell biological basis for elucidating the pathological role of TMEM106B in FTLD. TMEM106B was identified as a major risk factor in a genome-wide association study for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP)-43 pathology. The most significant association of TMEM106B single nucleotide polymorphisms with risk of FTLD-TDP was observed in patients with progranulin (GRN) mutations. Subsequent studies suggested an inverse correlation between TMEM106B expression and GRN levels in patient serum. However, in this study, this was not confirmed as we failed to detect a significant alteration of GRN levels upon knockdown or exogenous expression of TMEM106B in heterologous cells. To provide a basis for understanding TMEM106B function in health and disease, we investigated the membrane orientation and subcellular localization of this completely uncharacterized protein. By differential membrane extraction and sequential mutagenesis of potential N-glycosylation sites, we identified TMEM106B as a type 2 integral membrane protein with a highly glycosylated luminal domain. Glycosylation is partially required for the transport of TMEM106B beyond the endoplasmic reticulum to late cellular compartments. Endogenous as well as overexpressed TMEM106B localizes to late endosomes and lysosomes. Interestingly, the inhibition of vacuolar H+-ATPases significantly increased the levels of TMEM106B, a finding that may provide an unexpected biochemical link to GRN, because this protein is also strongly increased under the same conditions. Our findings provide a biochemical and cell biological basis for the understanding of the pathological role of TMEM106B in FTLD, an incurable neurodegenerative disorder.
Characterization of 4.5 kV/2.4 kA press pack IGBT including comparison with IGCT

IGBT press pack devices have become a serious competition for IGCTs in high power industrial applications. This paper presents an overview of state-of-the-art medium voltage power semiconductors with active turn-off capability. The main focus of the paper is the characterization of a 125 mm, 4.5 kV, 2.4kA press pack SPT-plus-IGBT and the corresponding freewheeling diode at hard switching. Furthermore, the losses, the behavior and the semiconductor stress (peak power) are investigated. Finally the device characteristics are compared to that of state-of-the-art 91mm, 4.5 kV, 3.8 kA IGCTs.
Presence of the fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida in fish farm sediments

The persistence of the fish pathogen Vibrio salmonicida in fish farm sediments was studied by use of fluorescent-antibody techniques. The specificities of the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal rabbit serum used in the study were tested against a number of Vibrio strains, including 4 isolates from intestinal tracts of healthy fish and 98 isolates from sediments. V. salmonicida was detected in sediment samples from diseased farms several months after an outbreak of the disease. The bacterium was also detected in a sediment sample from a disease-free fish farm. No V. salmonicida could be detected in sediments not influenced by fish farming. The number of positive samples was generally higher with application of rabbit serum as opposed to use of monoclonal antibodies, indicating that the rabbit serum may cross-react with other bacteria.
Generic Strategy and Performance: an Empirical Test of the Miles and Snow Typology

SUMMARY Previous research has considered the strategy-performance relationship in industries of relatively low degrees of dynamism and volatility. This study empirically tests the Miles and Snow typology with a dynamic, growing and volatile service industry. Results support earlier research and suggest that, considering catalogue and mail-order houses (SIC-5961), reactors did not perform as well as businesses adopting other generic strategies. However, prospectors experienced significantly higher levels of revenue growth than other businesses. Further, analysers were significantly more profitable than businesses adopting other strategies. These results suggest that combination strategies are a viable means for sustaining competitive advantage.
The clinicopathological and prognostic relevance of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. A possible progenitor cell origin

Aims: Cytokeratin (CK) 7 and CK19 expression, present in hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) and in cholangiocytes but not in normal hepatocytes, has been reported in some hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs); however, the incidence and relevance of this expression in HCC in Caucasians is not known. Therefore, our aim was to study the occurrence and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC expressing CK7 and/or CK19 in 109 Caucasian patients.
Organization and action in a Chinese state-owned service intermediary: the case of Sinotrans

Thompson's (1967) framework is regarded as one of the classic work for analysing organizations in the West. This paper analyses organizational changes in Sinotrans utilizing a longitudinal case study to examine whether Thompson's framework is valid for understanding firms in a transitional economy. As a Chinese state-owned service intermediary, Sinotrans faces uncertainty arising from political interference from government and party institutions. Over time it has faced increasing market pressure, which has caused it to attempt to close off its technical core by short run strategies that have frequently then been reversed. Thompson's (1967) framework proves to be an excellent means of capturing the dynamics of Sinotrans’ actions by focusing on the changing types of uncertainty with which the managers in Sinotrans have attempted to cope.
The complete removal of cohesin from chromosome arms depends on separase

Cohesin needs to be removed from chromosomes to allow sister chromatid separation in mitosis. In vertebrates, two pathways contribute to this process. The prophase pathway, which requires phosphorylation of the cohesin subunit SA2 and a cohesin-binding protein, called Wapl, removes the bulk of cohesin from the chromosome arms in early mitosis and allows the resolution of the chromosome arms. At anaphase onset, the protease separase removes centromere-enriched cohesin by proteolytic cleavage of another cohesin subunit, Scc1 (Rad21, Mcd1), which allows the separation of sister chromatids. When anaphase onset is delayed by the spindle-assembly checkpoint, the complete removal of cohesin from chromosome arms but not from centromeres generates typical X- or V-shaped chromosomes. Here, we found that cohesion between chromosome arms is preserved if mitosis is arrested with the proteasome inhibitor MG132. This arm cohesion depends on cohesin complexes that are protected by the shugoshin protein Sgo1, which appears to be distributed on chromosome arms as well as on centromeres in early mitosis. In cells lacking separase or expressing non-cleavable Scc1, arm cohesion was not efficiently removed during nocodazole arrest. Our observations suggest that a fraction of arm cohesin is protected by Sgo1, which prevents cohesin from being removed by the prophase pathway, and that separase is partly activated in nocodazole-arrested cells and removes the arm cohesin protected by Sgo1.
Decentralized Cluster Detection in Distributed Systems Based on Self-Organized Synchronization

In this work, we propose a method for the decentralized detection of clusters, or communities, in large-scale networked systems. Different from other approaches that require global knowledge of the network topology, the proposed method is based on a fully decentralized protocol and allows a node to infer knowledge about the community memberships of its nearest neighbours. It relies on the fact that topological characteristics of a network leave traces in the evolution of a self-organized synchronization process. The preliminary results presented in this report show a promising detection accuracy and justify a further investigation of our approach.
Epidemic cholera in urban Zambia: hand soap and dried fish as protective factors

Between 28 November 2003 and 23 February 2004, 4343 cases and 154 deaths from cholera (case-fatality rate 3·5%) were reported in Lusaka, Zambia. A case-control study was conducted in February 2004 to assess potential transmission routes and prevention strategies. Consumption of raw vegetables was significantly associated with cholera [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4·7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·7–13, P=0·003). Consumption of a local sardine-like fish was protective (aOR 0·3, 95% CI 0·1–0·7, P=0·008). Hand soap was present in 90% of control homes and 58% of case homes. Observed hand soap was a strongly protective factor (aOR 0·1, 95% CI 0·04–0·4, P=0·001). No water source or treatment practice was significantly associated with cholera. This study documents the importance of foodborne transmission of cholera, illustrates the protective role of hand washing in an epidemic setting, and identifies a novel possible protective factor, a local fish, which warrants further research.
Investor sentiment and the market reaction to dividend news: European evidence

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of investor sentiment (ISENT) on the market reaction to dividend change announcements. Design/methodology/approach - The author used the European Economic Sentiment Indicator data, from Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs, as a proxy for ISENT and focus on the market reaction to dividend change announcements, using panel data methodology. Findings - Using data from three European markets, the results indicate that ISENT has some influence on the market reaction to dividend change announcements, for two of the three analysed markets. Globally, no evidence was found of ISENT influencing the market reaction to dividend change announcements for the Portuguese market. However, evidence was found that the positive share price reaction to dividend increases enlarges with sentiment, in the case of the UK markets, whereas the negative share price reaction to dividend decreases reduces with sentiment, in the French market. Research limitations/implications - The author had no access to dividend forecasts, so, the findings are based on naive dividend changes and not unexpected change dividends. Originality/value - This paper offers some insights on the effect of ISENT on the market reaction to firms' news, a strand of finance that is scarcely developed and contributes to the analysis of European markets that are in need of research. To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first study to analyse the effect of ISENT on the market reaction to dividend news, in the context of European markets.
A novel human gene FKBP6 is deleted in Williams syndrome.

Williams syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of genes at 7q11.23. We have shown that hemizygosity of elastin is responsible for one feature of WS, supravalvular aortic stenosis. We have also implicated LIM-kinase 1 hemizygosity as a contributing factor to impaired visual-spatial constructive cognition in WS. Here we identify and characterize a novel gene, FKBP6, within the common WS deletion region. FKBP6 shows homology to the FK-506 binding protein (FKBP) class of immunophilins. FKBP6 has a putative N-terminal FK-506 binding and peptidylproyl isomerase (rotamase) domain and, like known high-molecular-weight FKBPs, an imperfect C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat domain. FKBP6 is expressed in testis, heart, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. FKBP6 consists of nine exons and is completely contained within a 35-kb cosmid clone. Fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments show that FKBP6 gene is deleted in 40/40 WS individuals. Hemizygous deletion of FKBP6 may contribute to certain defects such as hypercalcemia and growth delay in WS.
How to combat a culture of excuses and promote accountability

Purpose – The authors offer a leaders' guide to assess accountability problems, “take away excuses,” and promote a culture of accountability.Design/methodology/approach – The authors believe that attribution error and bias influences much of the existing business literature and conventional wisdom around accountability, which focuses almost exclusively on individual responsibility and character. Under‐emphasized or ignored is the way that informal company practices and habits contribute to the widespread problem that employees are not doing what leadership needs and expects them to do.Findings – The authors developed a predictive accountability model that asserts that most people in organizations will be accountable – that is, they will do what is needed and expected – if four factors are present: expectations are clear to employees; employees perceive that those expectations are credible and reasonable; employees anticipate that positive consequences will follow performance; and employees anticipate that.
Assessing the Senate

Based on a national study of 750 4-year institutions, this study assesses the current state of senates and identifies factors that contribute to senate effectiveness. Findings show that although cultural elements of campus governance are positive, faculty are dissatisfied with the quality of their involvement in decision making. Regression analyses show that high levels of faculty involvement in the senate and influence in particular areas of decision making are significant predictors of senate effectiveness. Based on the findings, the study raises questions aimed at advancing the study and practice of institutional governance with particular attention to the role of faculty senates.
Impact of Gender, Ethnicity, Year in School, Social Economic Status, and State Standardized Assessment Scores on Student Content Knowledge Achievement When Using Vee Maps as a Formative Assessment Tool

The National Research Council has recognized the challenge of assessing laboratory investigation and called for the investigation of assessments that are proven through sound research-based studies. The Vee map provides a framework that allows the learners to conceptualize their previous knowledge as they develop success in meaningful learning when they utilize the Vee map to guide their thinking and the process of experimentation. Previous research has shown that using the Vee map as a formative assessment tool positively affects student content knowledge. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of student demographic variables on student content knowledge achievement when using the Vee map as a formative assessment tool. The population of this quasi-experimental, counter-balance design study was composed of students at nine high schools that offered agriscience education. The results of this study indicated the Vee map is unbiased based on gender, grade, and ethnicity. It was also concluded that the Vee map does not provide either remedial or non–remedial readers with a significant advantage, thus allowing the assessment to focus on the content rather than a student’s reading ability.
Revision of Failed Arthroscopic Bankart Repairs

Background The results following open revision surgery following a failed arthroscopic Bankart procedure are not well documented. Purpose To evaluate the results of patients with a failed arthroscopic Bankart repair treated with a traditional, open Bankart repair. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Thirty patients (28 male and 2 female) who had a mean age of 24 years (range 15-36) at the time of operation were evaluated. The mean interval from the time of the operation to the final follow-up was 46 months (range 24-55). The rating systems of Rowe and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) were recorded preoperatively and at the time of the final evaluation. Results After open repair, mean modified Rowe scores improved from 25 preoperatively to 84.2 points. The results were excellent in 2 (6.7%), good in 24 (80%), and fair in 4 (13.3%); there were no poor results. The UCLA shoulder score improved from a mean of 17 points preoperatively to 29 points (P = .001 for all comparisons). Twenty-six patients (87%) did not have an anchor placement inferior to the 4-o'clock position for a right shoulder or the 8-o'clock position for the left shoulder after the index arthroscopic repair. There were no rotator interval closures performed at the index arthroscopic Bankart repair, and 10 patients (33%) required an interval closure at the open revision procedure. Twenty-five patients (83%) immobilized the operated arm in a sling for less than 2 weeks following the index arthroscopic repair. Conclusion Patients with failed arthroscopic Bankart repairs can be successfully treated with a revision, open Bankart repair. Inadequate postoperative immobilization, large rotator intervals, and improper anchor placement are possible risk factors that may increase the incidence of failure of an arthroscopic Bankart repair.