Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Force Directed Clustering as a Means to Extract Dependencies in Data Force Directed Clustering as a Means to Extract Dependencies in Data Beroenden I Data Och Force Directed Clustering

Force Directed Clustering has been used for some time in VLSI chip design and graph visualization. The idea is to represent objects, such as chip components and graph nodes, as particles and to cluster them with forces representing some kind of inner relations in order to improve the layout. The object of this Master's thesis has been to implement and evaluate a method based on Force Directed Clustering to detect dependencies in large masses of data. To demonstrate and test the method the task to de-scramble randomly permuted image sensors, using several images recorded and distorted with the same sensor is used. The clustering forces applied to the particles representing the pixel receptors have been based on the information theory concept of the mutual information of each pair of receptors. The method is found to work well, but to be computationally heavy for large images. Because of this the method is only tried on images of up to 400 pixels.
Role for histone deacetylases in glucocorticoid receptor mediated transpression of natural killer cell activity

ix CHAPTER ONE: Introduction 1 CHAPTER TWO: Review of Literature 3 Breast Cancer and the Psychological Response 3 Stress and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis 3 Glucocorticoids 5 Glucocorticoid Receptor 5 Gene expression 5 Protein domains 7 Activation and Activity 7 Regulation 8 Histone Deacetylases (HDACs) 10 Class I HDACs 11 Classes 2, 3, and 4 HDACs 12 Coregulator Complexes 13 Corepressor Complexes 13 Nuclear Corepressor Complex and Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors 15 The Epigenetic Code 17 Relevance to This Work 19 CHAPTER THREE: Hypothesis and Aim 20 CHAPTER FOUR: Materials and Methods 23 Cell Lines 23 Culture Conditions 23 Glucocorticoid Treatment 24 Natural Killer Cell Activity Assay 24 Preparation of Cells 24 Natural Killer Cell Activity Assay 25 v Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Separation 26 Preparation of Whole Cells 27 Lysis of Whole Cells and Nuclei 27 Co-immunoprecipitation 27 Lysate pre-clearing 27 Cross-linking antibody to magnetic beads 28 Co-Immunoprecipitation 29 Western Blot 30 Sample preparation 30 Gel electrophoresis and transfer 30 Immunoblotting 30 Quantification of Western Blot 31 Statistical Analysis 31 Buffers and Solutions 32 CHAPTER FIVE: Results 34 Comparative analysis of natural killer cell activity of the YT-Indy cell line with and without dexamethasone treatment 34 Comparative analysis of the subcellular localization of the glucocorticoid receptor during dexamethasone treatment 36 Comparative analysis of the subcellular localization of HDACs 1, 2, and 3 during dexamethasone treatment 38 HDAC1 38 HDAC2 40 HDAC3 42 Interactions between GR, HDACs, and Corepressor Complexes 44 CHAPTER SIX: Discussion 48 APPENDIX A: Supplemental Figures 56 Supplemental Figure 1: Acetylation of H4-K8 during dexamethasone treatment 57
The Revenge of Baumol’s Cost Disease?: Monetary Union and the Rise of Public Sector Wage Inflation

Many political scientists and economists have addressed the implications of the public sector’s sheltered status on their unions’ wage strategies vis-a-vis the government. Since the public sector is a monopoly provider of necessary and price inelastic services, conventional wisdom suggests that public sector unions’ push for wage increases which their productivity does not merit, exacerbating inflation and fiscal deficits. The argument in this paper challenges this conventional view, and maintains that the recent, puzzling rise in public sector wage inflation, relative to that in manufacturing, in Euro-zone countries is an unintended result of the institutional shift towards European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). During the 1980s and 1990s, differences in wage inflation between the manufacturing and public sector within most EMU candidate-countries were low. After 1999, these differences significantly worsened; wage moderation continued in the manufacturing sector while wage inflation arose in the public sector. It is argued here that monetary union’s predecessors, the European Monetary System and Maastricht regimes, imposed two important constraints on public employers, which enhanced their ability to enforce wage moderation: the commitment to a hard currency policy via participation in the Exchange Rate Mechanism, adopted by some earlier than others and, the Maastricht criteria. Monetary union’s removal of these two constraints weakened public employers’ capability to deny inflationary wage settlements to public sector unions. Panel regressions results outline a statistically significant relationship between monetary union and higher levels of wage inflation in the public sector, relative to manufacturing. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of monetary union for inter-sectoral dynamics.
The Impact of Monetary and Commodity Fundamentals, Macro News and Central Bank Communication on the Exchange Rate: Evidence from South Africa

This paper studies drivers of high-frequency (daily) dynamics of the South African rand vis-à-vis the dollar from January 2001 to July 2007. We find strong nonlinear effects of commodity prices, perceived country and emerging market risk premium and changes in the dollar-euro exchange rate on changes in daily returns of the rand-dollar exchange rate. We also identify a one-sided nonlinear mean reversion to the long-term monetary equilibrium. In addition we establish very short-lived effects on the exchange rate of selected macroeconomic surprises and central bank communication aimed at talking up the rand.
COUPLING OF FINITE ELEMENT AND BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS FOR THE SCATTERING BY PERIODIC CHIRAL STRUCTURES

Consider a time-harmonic electromagnetic plane wave incident on a biperiodic structure in R 3 . The periodic structure separates two homogeneous regions. The medium inside the structure is chiral and nonhomogeneous. In this paper, variational formulations coupling finite element methods in the chiral medium with a method of integral equations on the periodic interfaces are studied. The well-posedness of the continuous and discretized problems is established. Uniform convergence for the coupling variational approximations of the model problem is obtained.
Event Recognition Challenges and Techniques

The concept of event processing is established as a generic computational paradigm in various application fields, ranging from data processing in Web environments, over logistics and networking, to finance and medicine [Cugola and Margara 2012]. Events report on state changes of a system and its environment. Event recognition (event pattern matching [Luckham 2002]), in turn, refers to the detection of events that are considered relevant for processing, thereby providing the opportunity to implement reactive measures. Examples consist of the recognition of attacks in computer network nodes [Dousson and Maigat 2007], human activities on video content [Brendel et al. 2011], emerging stories and trends on the Social Web1, traffic and transport incidents in smart cities [Artikis et al. 2014b], fraud in electronic marketplaces [Schultz-Møller et al. 2009], cardiac arrhythmias [Callens et al. 2008], and epidemic spread [Chaudet 2006]. In each scenario, event recognition allows one to make sense of large data streams and react accordingly. Event recognition systems become increasingly important as we move from an information economy to an “intelligent economy,” where it is not only the accessibility to information that matters but also the ability to analyse and act upon information, creating a competitive advantage in commercial transactions, enabling the sustainable management of communities, and promoting the appropriate distribution of social, healthcare, and educational services [Vesset et al. 2011]. Current businesses tend to be unable to make sense of the amounts of data that are generated by the increasing number of distributed data sources that are available daily [Manyika et al. 2011], and they need to rely more and more on automated event recognition. As an example, consider traffic management in smart cities that needs to make use of data from an increasing number and variety of sensors.
Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure

SUMMARY The urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, and water during three 24-hour periods were related to blood pressure in a sample of 49-year-old men. Of 3205 49-year-old men liring in Goteborg, 2376 (74%) took part in the blood pressure screening, and, of these, 120 subjects having blood pressures from the lowest to the highest were selected by systematic sampling based on diastolic blood pressure. Only subjects who were not on antihypertensive treatment were included. Results showed a marked day-to-day variation in sodium excretion, with between-days r values of 0.23-0.64. The variation was less for two consecutive days than for two nonconsecutive days. The mean urinary excretion and the diurnal rhythm of sodium, potassium, and water did not differ significantly among normotensive, borderline, and hypertensive subjects. Over a wide range of blood pressures, no correlation was found between blood pressure and the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, or water. In the low blood pressure range, however, there was a significant positive correlation between blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion (R = 0.46, p < 0.01; R = Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation). The large intraindiridual variation in sodium excretion and blood pressure makes it difficult to estimate an individual's mean values. Furthermore, there are limitations in drawing longitudinal conclusions from crosssectional data. With these methodological problems in mind, our findings indicate that salt intake influences blood pressure in a part of the normotensire population, but do not lend support to the hypothesis that habitual salt intake might be of major importance for the blood pressure level in mild to moderate essential hypertension.
THE ECONOMETRICS OF ENGLISH AUCTIONS

We characterize Bayesian Nash equilibria for asymmetric ascending auctions in which both common and private value components are accommodated, and bidders' valuations and signals are drawn from asymmetric distributions. It is shown that the equilibrium inverse bid functions in each round of the auction can be solved from a system of equations formed from bidders' expectations of the value of the object conditional on all information available during that round. The computational tractability of this characterization allows us to analytically solve for the equilibrium bidding strategies in a log-normal model. This forms the basis of an econometric model which we estimate using data from the PCS spectrum auctions run by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission.
Evaluating international economic policy with the Federal Reserve's global model

FRB/Global is a large-scale macroeconomic model developed and maintained by the Board's staff. This article provides a historical perspective on the development of the model, gives an overview of its structure, and highlights its dynamic properties with three simulation experiments: a reduction in U.S. government purchases; a depreciation of the U.S. dollar; and an increase in the price of oil exported by OPEC. The article illustrates other uses of FRB/Global by examining the spillover effects of fiscal and monetary policy under alternative European monetary policy regimes.
Adaptive Neural Network Model Using the Immune System for Financial Time Series Forecasting

This paper presents the prediction of financial time series using an adaptive neural network, which is called the self-organised multilayer perceptrons inspired by the immune algorithm. The simulation results were compared with the multilayer perceptrons and the functional link neural networks. The prediction capability of the various neural networks was tested on ten different data sets; the US/UK exchange rates, the JP/US exchange rate, the US/EU exchange rates, NASDAQO time series, NASDAQC time series, DJIAO time series, DJIAC time series, DJUAO time series, DJUAC time series and the oil price. We carried out two sets of experiments. In the first set, the input data are pre-processed between 0 and 1 and passed to the neural networks as non-stationary data. In the second set of experiments, the non-stationary input signals are transformed into stationary signals and passed to the neural networks. The predictions demonstrated that all neural networks generate profit using stationary data and fail to generate any profit when using non-stationary data. Furthermore, the experiment results for the stationary signals showed that the (SOMLP) outperforms the MLP neural network based on the profit. However, it produced a lower profit when predicting stock price in comparison with the Functional Link neural networks.
Visualization Cube for Tracking Moving Object

The attributes of a moving object are recorded as time series and visualized in real-time to estimate its activities on route. Each attribute as a feature of object is represented as points in Space-Feature-Cube of which xy plane is a map of study area and z axis indicates values of the feature. Integrated-Space-Cube integrates temporal data of position from Space-Time-Cube and various features from Space-Feature-Cubes. Consequently, the position cube and the feature cubes of the object can be disintegrated from the Integrated-Space-Cube. Considering the cubes of position and features, users follow up the movement of the object and changes of its features on route. Estimating the correlation among features in Integrated-Space-Cube, users can analyze effectively the status of features and causes of their changes. In a tracking system, sensors of different features implemented on moving object are connected to Integrated-Space-Cube. Data of position and features are sampled continuously with a suitable frequency and transmitted to visualization computer. At a stationary place of the object, the curves of position and features are extended into x axis on horizontal plane of another 3-dimension cube, tracking cube. The x axis symbolizes the trajectory of the moving object; other axis on the plane represents time intervals at stationary positions of the object and vertical axis represents values of features. Considering spatio-temporal correlation among features and position or between position and time, users estimate the status and activities of object.
Color by Correlation: A Simple, Unifying Framework for Color Constancy

The paper considers the problem of illuminant estimation: how, given an image of a scene, recorded under an unknown light, we can recover an estimate of that light. Obtaining such an estimate is a central part of solving the color constancy problem. Thus, the work presented will have applications in fields such as color-based object recognition and digital photography. Rather than attempting to recover a single estimate of the illuminant, we instead set out to recover a measure of the likelihood that each of a set of possible illuminants was the scene illuminant. We begin by determining which image colors can occur (and how these colors are distributed) under each of a set of possible lights. We discuss how, for a given camera, we can obtain this knowledge. We then correlate this information with the colors in a particular image to obtain a measure of the likelihood that each of the possible lights was the scene illuminant. Finally, we use this likelihood information to choose a single light as an estimate of the scene illuminant. Computation is expressed and performed in a generic correlation framework which we develop. We propose a new probabilistic instantiation of this correlation framework and show that it delivers very good color constancy on both synthetic and real images. We further show that the proposed framework is rich enough to allow many existing algorithms to be expressed within it: the gray-world and gamut-mapping algorithms are presented in this framework and we also explore the relationship of these algorithms to other probabilistic and neural network approaches to color constancy.
Emphasize, don't filter!: displaying recommendations in Twitter timelines

This paper describes and evaluates a method for presenting recommendations that will increase the efficiency of the social activity stream while preserving the users' accurate awareness of the activity within their own social networks. With the help of a content-based recommender system, the application displays the user's home timeline in Twitter as three visually distinct tiers by emphasizing more strongly those Tweets predicted to be more interesting. Pilot study participants reported that they were able to read the interesting Tweets while ignoring the others with relative ease and that the recommender accurately categorized their Tweets into three tiers.
An Extrapolation Algorithm for $(a,b,c,d)$-Bandlimited Signals

This letter investigates the extrapolation problem of (a, b, c, d)-bandlimited signals. First, an iterative (a, b, c, d)-bandlimited signal extrapolation algorithm is proposed. Then by use of the interesting properties of generalized prolate spheroidal wave functions, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is proved. Finally, numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed extrapolation algorithm.
The Baryonic Fraction in Groups of Galaxies from X-Ray Measurements

The recent {\sl ROSAT \/} X-ray detections of hot intergalactic gas in three groups of galaxies are reviewed and the resulting baryonic fraction in these groups is reevaluated. We show that the baryonic fraction obtained, assuming hydrostatic equilibrium, should depend, perhaps sensitively, on the radius out to which the X-rays are detected, and the temperature profile of the gas. We find that the NGC 2300 group has a baryonic fraction out to $25'$ of at least 20\%, thus over five times higher than in the original analysis of Mulchaey \etal\ (1993), and also much higher than one would obtain from big-bang nucleosynthesis, but similar to the other two groups as well as rich clusters. With this baryonic fraction, groups would be fair tracers of the distribution of baryons in the Universe if $\Omega h_{50}^2 = 0.3$. A baryonic fraction that increases with radius is consistent with the X-ray data from all three groups. However, a detailed analysis of the NGC 2300 group shows that the dependence of baryonic fraction on radius is not well constrained by the data, in part because of uncertainties in the estimated background.
High intron sequence conservation across three mammalian orders suggests functional constraints.

Several studies have demonstrated high levels of sequence conservation in noncoding DNA compared between two species (e.g., human and mouse), and interpreted this conservation as evidence for functional constraints. If this interpretation is correct, it suggests the existence of a hidden class of abundant regulatory elements. However, much of the noncoding sequence conserved between two species may result from chance or from small-scale heterogeneity in mutation rates. Stronger inferences are expected from sequence comparisons using more than two taxa, and by testing for spatial patterns of conservation in addition to primary sequence similarity. We used a Bayesian local alignment method to compare approximately 10 kb of intron sequence from nine genes in a pairwise manner between human, whale, and seal to test whether the degree and pattern of conservation is consistent with neutral divergence. Comparison of the three sets of conserved gapless pairwise blocks revealed the following patterns: The proportion of identical intron nucleotides averaged 47% in pairwise comparisons and 28% across the three taxa. Proportions of conserved sequence were similar in unique sequence and general mammalian repetitive elements. We simulated sequence evolution under a neutral model using published estimates of substitution rate heterogeneity for noncoding DNA and found pairwise identity at 33% and three-taxon identity at 16% of nucleotide sites. Spatial patterns of primary sequence conservation were also nonrandomly distributed within introns. Overall, segments of intron sequence closer to flanking exons were significantly more conserved than interior intron sequence. This level of intron sequence conservation is above that expected by chance and strongly suggests that intron sequences are playing a larger functional role in gene regulation than previously realized.
Heuristic Based Resource Allocation Using Virtual Machine Migration : A Cloud Computing Perspective

The emerging cloud computing paradigm provides administrators and IT organizations with tremendous freedom to dynamically migrate virtualized computing services between physical servers in cloud data centers. Virtualization and VM migration capabilities enable the data center to consolidate their computing services and use minimal number of physical servers. VM migration offers great benefits such as load balancing, server consolidation, online maintenance and proactive fault tolerance. However, in cloud computing environments the cost of VM migration requires thorough consideration. Each VM migration may result in SLA violation, hence it is essential to minimize the number of migrations to the extent possible. Failure to do so will result in performance degradation and the cloud provider will have to incur the cost in monetary terms. In previous works, the issue of SLA violation has not received thorough analysis. In this work, we devise an algorithm that will keep the migration time minimum as well as minimizing the number of migrations. This will play a major role in avoiding the performance degradation encountered by a migrating VM.
Semantic Indexing of Multilingual Corpora and its Application on the History Domain

The increasing amount of multilingual text collections available in different domains makes its automatic processing essential for the development of a given field. However, standard processing techniques based on statistical clues and keyword searches have clear limitations. Instead, we propose a knowledge-based processing pipeline which overcomes most of the limitations of these techniques. This, in turn, enables direct comparison across texts in different languages without the need of translation. In this paper we show the potential of this approach for semantically indexing multilingual text collections in the history domain. In our experiments we used a version of the Bible translated in four different languages, evaluating the precision of our semantic indexing pipeline and showing its reliability on the cross-lingual text retrieval task.
The Tractability of Subsumption in Frame-Based Description Languages

A knowledge representation system provides an important service to the rest of a knowledge-based system: it computes automatically a set of inferences over the beliefs encoded within it. Given that the knowledge-based system relies on these inferences in the midst of its operation (i.e., its diagnosis, planning, or whatever), their computational tractability is an important concern. Here we present evidence as to how the cost of computing one kind of inference is directly related to the expressiveness of the representation language. As it turns out, this cost is perilously sensitive to small changes in the representation language. Even a seemingly simple frame-based description language can pose intractable computational obstacles.