Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined Focusing and Flat-Field Spectrometer System for Extreme Ultraviolet Pulse

For reducing both extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses energy loss in the focusing reflection process and measurement error caused by pulse focusing aberration, as well as improving the operability of pulse spectroscopy monitoring, a combined focusing and flat-field spectrometer analysis system for attosecond pulse is proposed and designed through step-by-step performance optimization. The focusing and spectrum-analyzing components are gold- coated grazing incidence to roidal mirror and grazing incidence concave focusing grating, respectively. The characteristic parameters of the system are given in details. The system proposed can find application in research platform of attosecond spectroscopy using high energy short attosecond pulse as basic probe tool.
Recovery of Cerebrovascular Reserves after Stenting for Symptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Although a decrease in cerebrovascular reserves (CVR) is known to enhance the risk of stroke, changes in this parameter after carotid artery stenting (CAS) have rarely been investigated. The present study is the first to compare CVR recoveries after applying CAS to patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. CAS was performed for 31 consecutive patients with symptomatic carotid artery disease. They underwent acetazolamide-challenged single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after CAS to obtain data on resting stage cerebral blood flow (CBFrest values) in various regions of interest (ROIs) defined by a three-dimensional stereotactic ROI template. CVR values on ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheric sides were then calculated based on the CBFrest data. The 31 patients were dichotomized into unilateral (n=22) and bilateral (n=9) lesion groups, and no significant between-group differences were observed in CBFrest before and after CAS. In the unilateral group, there were no differences in CVR values before and after CAS. In the bilateral group, however, the CVR values significantly increased in nearly all the investigated ROIs on the contralateral side. Also, the hemispheric CVR values on both sides significantly increased after CAS in the bilateral group, while no such increase was observed in the unilateral group. CAS in patients with symptomatic bilateral carotid artery disease has the potential utility for their haemodynamic improvement even on the contralateral hemispheric side.
What Does the Classic Style of Clothing Actually Mean to Consumers

This study seeks to understand the consumer meanings of wearing classic styles. A qualitative research method was adopted, and 16 participants in the United States were interviewed and asked to define a classic fashion or style and why they wear one. Grounded theory was used for the research. The findings revealed three themes: (1) A classic style represents conservatism in style; (2) Style pragmatism refers to the positive attributes of wearing a classic style; and (3) consumers expect to continue to wear that classic style in the future. Those who are fashion-forward also expect to wear classic clothing in the future as they grow older. For people who do not follow fashion, classic is also a safe choice. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Purification and some properties of the three common genetic types of haptoglovins and the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes.

purification and some properties of the three common genetic types of Hp and the Hb-Hp complexes are described with particular reference to comparisons among the three common types. Data presented here include circular dichroism (CD) spectra in the 200-240 mju region of Hp; molecular weights of the Hb-Hp 1-1 intermediate and the Hb-Hp 1-1 complex; and, for the three common types of Hb-Hp complexes, heme and nitrogen contents, CD spectra in the Soret region, effects of dithionite, and the rate of autoxidation. From the data obtained, it
An Analysis of Contracting and Breach Decisions Under Various Damage Remedies.

This goal of this thesis was to investigate the foundational assumptions underlying the expectation damages remedy, which remain largely untested despite the remedy’s widespread use. Its popularity among courts is largely predicated on theoretical conjectures which claim that expectation damages reflect the damages that parties would have set for themselves, and that inefficient breach will not occur under this remedy. To test these conjectures, laboratory experiments were conducted where participants -assigned the role of buyer or sellernegotiated the terms of a contract, before one participant was given a chance to breach. To distinguish between the various breach remedies, and to test competing hypotheses, participants were assigned to one of three treatments which varied the damage remedy. The Liquidated Damages remedy had the lowest rate of inefficient breach, and the highest rate of efficient breach decisions, out of the three remedies applied.
Current Status of Distress Screening in Designated Cancer Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey in Japan.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of distress screening implementation in Japanese designated cancer hospitals. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional observational study. Palliative care team representatives in all designated cancer hospitals in Japan completed an ad hoc questionnaire. Demographic data in 2014 were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan. RESULTS Of 422 institutions, 389 responded (92%) and data were obtained from 379 (90%). Approximately 90% of institutions had implemented a distress screening program at some level, and approximately 60% had just started screening. Among those institutions that screened, 77% provided individualized triage to specialized services within the institutions, whereas 60% did not routinely follow-up with patients who had positive screening results. The estimated median percentage of screened patients referred to palliative care teams was 0.4% in outpatient settings and 6.3% in inpatient settings. Although 68% of respondents perceived that screening was useful overall, they also reported difficulties when conducting screening with patients, reporting "no established effective treatment for problems screened" (66%), "patients complain it is difficult to express their distress using scales" (58%), and that it was "difficult to manage screened problems because of lack of time" (49%). Eight perceived barriers to implementing distress screening programs in hospitals were identified; a lack of human resources ranked highest. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of distress screening in designated cancer hospitals in Japan has just begun. Policymakers should acknowledge that screening can be beneficial for patients when it is implemented with appropriate resources and established methods.
Thermal versus mechanical unfolding of ubiquitin

The authors studied the temperature‐induced unfolding of ubiquitin by all‐atom Monte Carlo simulations. The unfolding behavior is compared with that seen in previous simulations of the mechanical unfolding of this protein, based on the same model. In mechanical unfolding, secondary‐structure elements were found to break in a quite well‐defined order. In thermal unfolding, the authors saw somewhat larger event‐to‐event fluctuations, but the unfolding pathway was still far from random. Two long‐lived secondary‐structure elements could be identified in the simulations. These two elements have been found experimentally to be the thermally most stable ones. Interestingly, one of these long‐lived elements, the first β‐hairpin, was found to break early in the mechanical unfolding simulations. Their combined simulation results thus enable the authors to predict in detail important differences between the thermal and mechanical unfolding behaviors of ubiquitin. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescent Functional Recognition Sites through Molecular Imprinting. A Polymer-Based Fluorescent Chemosensor for Aqueous cAMP.

A novel design for template-selective recognition sites in polymers prepared by molecular imprinting is reported. Molecular imprints were prepared against cAMP that contain a fluorescent dye, trans-4-[p-(N,N-dimethylamino)styryl]-N-vinylbenzylpyridinium chloride, as an integral part of the recognition cavity, thus serving as both the recognition element and the measuring element for the fluorescence detection of cAMP in aqueous media. This fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer displays a quenching of fluorescence in the presence of aqueous cAMP, whereas almost no effect is observed in the presence of the structurally similar molecule, cGMP. The association constant for the binding of cAMP to the imprinted polymer was determined to be in the order of 105 M-1. Such fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers containing selective sites for cAMP may find applications as fluorescent chemosensors for the aqueous detection of this molecule.
Allelic and genotypic frequencies of ASIP and MC1R genes in four West African sheep populations

In West Africa, consumers pay a major attention on the coat colour of the sheep due to religious and cultural reasons. White coated individuals reach selling prices up to three-fold higher than black coated sheep. The aim of this study was to ascertain the genotypic and allelic frequencies of MC1R and ASIP genes in order to assess possible implementation of breeding programmes focusing on the increase of the white coated sheep frequencies. A total of 113 individuals belonging to three Burkina Faso sheep breeds (Burkina-Sahel, Djallonke and Mossi) and one Niger sheep breed (Touareg) were genotyped for the MC1R and ASIP genes. The wild allele of the ASIP gene (Awt; 54.30%) was the most frequent in the four West African sheep, particularly in Burkina-Sahel (85%) and Touareg breeds (80%). The dominant black ED allele was not identified in Burkina-Sahel and Touareg. Most of the analysed individuals were homozygous for wild MC1R allele (E+/E+) with 100, 73.5, 59 and 100% frequency in Burkina-Sahel, Djallonke, Mossi and Touareg, respectively. The Awt/Awt was the most frequent genotype on the ASIP gene in the four West African breeds (80.53%). No individuals were homozygous for the deletion (allele Adel). Although, no routine methods for detection of the genetic basis of the recessive black coat colour patterns can be easily implemented, the current results suggest the feasibility of a selection programme aiming at decreasing the frequencies of the dominant black ED allele in Burkina Faso sheep breeds. Key words : Sheep, coat colour, MC1R gene, ASIP gene, Burkina Faso, Niger.
BUILDING TOGETHER FUTURE OF THE NORDIC WOODEN MULTI-STOREY CONSTRUCTION BUSINESS

This qualitative study focuses on the future of wooden multi-storey construction through the use of the Delphi Method. The study uses a dissensus approach, with two rounds, and gives explorative results of the subject. The aim of the study is to find crucial factors, which the industry experts see as shaping the value chain of WMC in the future. The study proposes, that the main factors that are crucial in the shaping of the future value chain of WMC are related to knowledge transfer, technological aspects and co-operative ways of creating value. The study also suggests that at least in the WMC part of the forest industries, there is a shift in strategic orientation taking place towards the so called Service Dominant Logic. The study also finds that though seen as desirable development for WMC, the growth of importance of sustainability is not seen as a likely future view. This study suggests that further research should be directed at uncovering ways in which potential benefits can be grasped as well as to finding new ways to facilitate co-operation in the value chain.
PENGARUH PENGUMUMAN LIKUIDASI BANK TERHADAP MINAT MENARIK UANG DARI BANK

Abstract This study aims to examine the factors that influence a person to withdraw all or part of the money from the bank in liquidation of large banks case in Indonesia. This study uses the theory of Lewin to uncover factors that may influence a person to withdraw part or all of the money from the bank if there is a big bank liquidation. Based on Lewin's theory, there are two factors that can influence a person's decision, namely internal factors and external factors. Internal factors in this study are trust and cognitive absorption, while external factors in this study are the social norm, interference of others, government supervision. This study use questionnaire to examine the factors from respondents. Processing data results using Partial Least Square (PLS) indicates that external factors influence someone's decision to keep the money in the bank if there is big bank liquidation more than internal factor. These indicates that the condition of society is easy to change depend on the external situation. The results also indicate a lack of trust to the bank institutions. Key words: Lewin Theory, Internal Factor, External Factor, Partial Least Square (PLS).
Farm People's Health Insurance Coverage

Families with farm income are less likely to have insurance coverage than are nonfarin families^—-86 percent of the farm population compared with over 90 percent in the total population. Only 82 percent of farmers are covered and they are less likely to be covered by workers' cott^ Farm families are more likely to be coyered by individual than group plans. Families most dependent on farm income are least likely to have health insurance. This report analyzes factors associated with the lower coverage including coverage from group and individual plans.
Trypanosoma evansi: a convenient model for studying intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis using fluorometric ratio imaging from single parasites.

The aim of this work was to measure, for the first time, the basal cytosolic Ca(2+) levels of Trypanosoma evansi and to explore the possibility of observing changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) using fluorescence ratio imaging techniques in single isolated parasites of this species. Under appropriate loading conditions, the high intracellular levels of the Ca(2+) fluorescence probe Fura-2 permits resolution, in real time, of single parasite [Ca(2+)](i) signals. Measurements of the basal [Ca(2+)](i) indicate that homeostatic mechanisms maintain [Ca(2+)](i) at 106 +/- 38 (n = 32) nM in the presence of 2 mM extracellular calcium. The resting [Ca(2+)](i) was unaffected by changes in extracellular Ca(2+) in the range from 0 to 10 mM. The Ca(2+) ionophore A23187 induced a large increase in [Ca(2+)](i) which (i) reached a steady state value even in the simultaneous presence of both external calcium and ionophore and (ii) returned to base line upon removal of extracellular Ca(2+). A dose-response curve of the protonophore nigericin shows that T. evansi contains an important pH-sensitive intracellular pool which may be released by this drug with a K(1/2) of 8 microM. These data demonstrate that this parasite contains highly efficient systems to control [Ca(2+)](i). Finally, our results, with the use of sera as source of an antibody-complement to induce Ca(2+) entry, demonstrate that it is possible to resolve fast [Ca(2+)](i) signals in single parasites from T. evansi.
Middle school students and bicycle helmet use: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

Previous research has shown that bicycle helmet use among older children and adolescents continues to be low. This study determined middle school students' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to bicycle helmet use. Six middle schools in Hillsborough County, Fla. , served as the research settings. A pretested survey instrument was administered to students. Overall, 3,333 sixth and seventh graders responded. Results showed that most children owned a bicycle, 38.1% owned a helmet, but only 15.8% wore a helmet the last time they rode a bike. Many students (49.7%) did not know or did not believe there was a bicycle helmet law in Florida. Predictors of helmet use were intention to use a helmet the next time one rides a bike, having a helmet, siblings' use of helmets, and friends' use of helmets.
A contemporary commentary on appreciative inquiry in organizational life

Abstract It’s been nearly 30 years since the original articulation of Appreciative Inquiry in Organizational Life was written in collaboration with my remarkable mentor Suresh Srivastva (Cooperrider & Srivastva, 1987). That article generated more experimentation in the field, more academic excitement, and more innovation than anything we had ever written. As the passage of time has enabled me to look more closely at what was written, I feel both a deep satisfaction with the seed vision and scholarly logic offered for Appreciative Inquiry (AI), as well as well as the enormous impact and reverberation. Following the tradition of authors such as Carl Rogers who have re-issued their favorite works but have also added brief reflections on key points of emphasis, clarification, or editorial commentary we have decided to issue a reprint the early article by David L. Cooperrider and the late Suresh Srivastva in its entirety, but also with contemporary comments embedded. To be sure the comments offered are brief and serve principally to add points of emphasis to ideas we may have too hurriedly introduced. My comments – placed in indented format along the way – are focused on the content and themes of furthermost relevance to this volume on organizational generativity. In many ways I’ve begun to question today whether there can even be inquiry where there is no appreciation, valuing, or amazement – what the Greeks called thaumazein – the borderline between wonderment and admiration. One learning is that AI’s generativity is not about its methods or tools, but about our cooperative capacity to reunite seeming opposites such as theory as practice, the secular as sacred, and generativity as something beyond positivity or negativity. Appreciation is about valuing the life-giving in ways that serve to inspire our co-constructed future. Inquiry is the experience of mystery, moving beyond the edge of the known to the unknown, which then changes our lives. Taken together, where appreciation and inquiry are wonderfully entangled, we experience knowledge alive and an ever-expansive inauguration of our world to new possibilities.
Nonlinear pulsing schemes for the detection of ultrasound contrast agents

Ultrasound contrast agents are used in cardiology for the assessment of myocardial perfusion and in radiology for the detection and characterization of tumors. One widely used approach of imaging contrast agents is to use a low Mechanical Index (MI) nonlinear imaging technique to avoid bubble destruction and image both the macro‐ and micro‐circulation in real‐time. Various pulsing schemes are employed for the detection of nonlinear echoes from contrast microbubbles. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the various pulsing schemes for low MI imaging of contrast microbubbles and better understand their similarities and differences. The pulsing schemes considered are pulse inversion, power modulation, and their combination. Emphasis is placed on identifying whether nonlinearity due to propagation in tissue may be discriminated from nonlinearity due to scattering from bubbles. Bubble destruction (use of high MI) and tissue motion were not considered in this work. The evaluation of the different pulsing .
System identification of complex and structured systems

A key issue in system identification is how to cope with high system complexity. In this contribution we stress the importance of taking the application into account in order to cope with this issue. We define the concept “cost of complexity” which is a measure of the minimum required experimental effort (e.g. used input energy) as a function of the system complexity, the noise properties, and the amount, and desired quality, of the system information to be extracted from the data. This measure gives the user a handle on the trade-offs that must be considered when performing identification with a fixed experimental “budget”. Our analysis is based on the observation that the identification objective is to guarantee that the estimated model ends up within a pre-specified “level set” of the application objective. This geometric notion leads to a number of useful insights: Experiments should reveal system properties important for the application but may also conceal irrelevant properties. The latter, dual, objective can be explored to simplify model structure selection and model error assessment issues. We also discuss practical issues related to computation and implementation of optimal experiment designs. Finally, we illustrate some fundamental limitations that arise in identification of structured systems. This topic has bearings on identification in networked and decentralized systems.
Can Social Media Campaigns Backfire? Exploring Consumers' Attitudes and Word-of-Mouth Toward Four Social Media Campaigns and Its Implications on Consumer-Campaign Identification

ABSTRACT In response to the unprecedented growth of social media, companies are continuously creating unique social media campaigns encouraging customers to share their advertising messages. However, many of these social campaigns end up backfiring. The purpose of this study is to examine consumers' preferences toward 4 social media campaigns and to investigate the impact of positive and negative word-of-mouth and social value on consumer-campaign identification. Using a sample of 525 respondents in Australia, the results show social media campaigns that contain negative messages are more likely to receive negative word-of-mouth while partnering with non-profit organizations may help generate positive word-of-mouth. This study will assist marketing managers to better understand the consumers' perceptions on recent social media campaigns in Australia.
Data Mining via Multiple Criteria Linear Programming: Applications in Credit Card Portfolio Management

Data mining becomes a cutting-edge information technology tool in today's competitive business world. It helps the company discover previously unknown, valid, and actionable information from various and large databases for crucial business decisions. This paper provides a promising approach of data mining to classify the credit cardholders' behavior through multiple criteria linear programming. After reviewing the history of linear discriminant analyses, we will describe first a model for classifying two-group (e.g. bad or good) credit cardholder behaviors, and then a three-group (e.g. bad, normal, or good) credit model. Besides the discussion of the modeling structure, we will utilize the well-known commercial software package SAS to implement this technology by using a real-life credit card data warehouse. A number of potential business and financial applications will be finally summarized.