Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Dynamic Network Measure of Technological Change

This article outlines a network approach to the study of technological change. We propose that new inventions reshape networks of interlinked technologies by shifting inventors’ attention to or away from the knowledge on which those inventions build. Using this approach, we develop novel indexes of the extent to which a new invention consolidates or destabilizes existing technology streams. We apply these indexes in analyses of university research commercialization and find that, although federal research funding pushes campuses to create inventions that are more destabilizing, deeper commercial ties lead them to produce technologies that consolidate the status quo. By quantifying the effects that new technologies have on their predecessors, the indexes we propose allow patent-based studies of innovation to capture conceptually important phenomena that are not detectable with established measures. The measurement approach presented here offers empirical insights that support theoretical development in stu.
Dynamic data reallocation in disk arrays

We present an application which optimizes the configuration of data in a disk array. The application relies on very little input data which is readily available from many storage devices. We validate the application in a controlled experiment and in a production environment. In both cases, the reconfiguration process led to a 20--30% improvement in response time.
A language-modeling approach to inverse text normalization and data cleanup for multimodal voice search applications

In this paper we address two related challenges in multimodal local search applications on mobile devices: first, correctly displaying the business names, and second, harvesting language model training data from an inconsistently labeled corpus. We investigate the impact of common text normalization and the quality of language model training corpus on the accuracy of displayed results. We propose a new language model framework that eliminates the need for explicit inverse text normalization. The same framework can be applied to sift through corrupted language model training data. Our new language model is 25% more accurate while 25% smaller in size.
Stochastic Light Culling for VPLs on GGX Microsurfaces

This paper introduces a real‐time rendering method for single‐bounce glossy caustics created by GGX microsurfaces. Our method is based on stochastic light culling of virtual point lights (VPLs), which is an unbiased culling method that randomly determines the range of influence of light for each VPL. While the original stochastic light culling method uses a bounding sphere defined by that light range for coarse culling (e.g., tiled culling), we have further extended the method by calculating a tighter bounding ellipsoid for glossy VPLs. Such bounding ellipsoids can be calculated analytically under the classic Phong reflection model which cannot be applied to physically plausible materials used in modern computer graphics productions. In order to use stochastic light culling for such modern materials, this paper derives a simple analytical solution to generate a tighter bounding ellipsoid for VPLs on GGX microsurfaces. This paper also presents an efficient implementation for culling bounding ellipsoids in the context of tiled culling. When stochastic light culling is combined with interleaved sampling for a scene with tens of thousands of VPLs, this tiled culling is faster than conservative rasterization‐based clustered shading which is a state‐of‐the‐art culling technique that supports bounding ellipsoids. Using these techniques, VPLs are culled efficiently for completely dynamic single‐bounce glossy caustics reflected from GGX microsurfaces.
Around the Clock Personalized Heart Monitoring Using Smart Phones

This paper describes work in progress regarding personalized heart monitoring using smart phones. Our research combines ubiquitous computing with mobile health technology. We use wireless sensors and smart phones to monitor the wellbeing of high risk cardiac patients. The smart phone analyses in real-time the ECG data and determines whether the person needs external help. Depending on the situation the smart phone can automatically alert pre assigned caregivers or call the ambulance. It is also used to give advice (e.g. exercise more) or to reassure the patient based on the sensors and environmental data.
The Contribution of Chemoreflex Drives to Resting Breathing in Man

The contribution of automatic drives to breathing at rest, relative to behavioural drives such as ‘wakefulness’, has been a subject of debate. We measured the combined central and peripheral chemoreflex contribution to resting ventilation using a modified rebreathing method that included a prior hyperventilation and addition of oxygen to maintain isoxia at a PET,O2 (end‐tidal partial pressure of oxygen) of 100 mmHg. During rebreathing, ventilation was unrelated to PET,CO2 (end‐tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in the hypocapnic range, but after a threshold PET,CO2 was exceeded, ventilation increased linearly with PET,CO2. We considered the sub‐threshold ventilation to be an estimate of the behavioural drives to breathe (mean ± S.E.M. = 3.1 ± 0.5 l min−1), and compared it to ventilation at rest (mean ± S.E.M. = 9.1 ± 0.7 l min−1). The difference was significant (Student's paired t test, P < 0.001). We also considered the threshold PCO2 observed during rebreathing to be an estimate of the chemoreflex threshold at rest (mean ± S.E.M. = 42.0 ± 0.5 mmHg). However, PET,CO2 during rebreathing estimates mixed venous or tissue PCO2, whereas the resting PET,CO2 during resting breathing estimates Pa,CO2 (arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide). The chemoreflex threshold measured during rebreathing was therefore reduced by the difference in PET,CO2 at rest and at the start of rebreathing (the plateau estimates the mixed venous PCO2 at rest) in order to make comparisons. The corrected chemoreflex thresholds (mean ± S.E.M. = 26.0 ± 0.9 mmHg) were significantly less (paired Student's t test, P < 0.001) than the resting PET,CO2 values (mean ± S.E.M. = 34.3 ± 0.5 mmHg). We conclude that both the behavioural and chemoreflex drives contribute to resting ventilation.
Knockdown of Plakophilin 2 Downregulates miR-184 Through CpG Hypermethylation and Suppression of the E2F1 Pathway and Leads to Enhanced Adipogenesis In Vitro.

RATIONALE PKP2, encoding plakophilin 2 (PKP2), is the most common causal gene for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE To characterize miRNA expression profile in PKP2-deficient cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Control and PKP2-knockdown HL-1 (HL-1(Pkp2-shRNA)) cells were screened for 750 miRNAs using low-density microfluidic panels. Fifty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed. MiR-184 was the most downregulated miRNA. Expression of miR-184 in the heart and cardiac myocyte was developmentally downregulated and was low in mature myocytes. MicroRNA-184 was predominantly expressed in cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pkp2 in cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells also reduced miR-184 levels. Expression of miR-184 was transcriptionally regulated by the E2F1 pathway, which was suppressed in PKP2-deficient cells. Activation of E2F1, on overexpression of its activator CCND1 (cyclin D1) or knockdown of its inhibitor retinoblastoma 1, partially rescued miR-184 levels. In addition, DNA methyltransferase-1 was recruited to the promoter region of miR-184, and the CpG sites at the upstream region of miR-184 were hypermethylated. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a demethylation agent, and knockdown of DNA methyltransferase-1 partially rescued miR-184 level. Pathway analysis of paired miR-184:mRNA targets identified cell proliferation, differentiation, and death as the main affected biological processes. Knockdown of miR-184 in HL-1 cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells induced and, conversely, its overexpression attenuated adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS PKP2 deficiency leads to suppression of the E2F1 pathway and hypermethylation of the CpG sites at miR-184 promoter, resulting in downregulation of miR-184 levels. Suppression of miR-184 enhances and its activation attenuates adipogenesis in vitro. Thus, miR-184 contributes to the pathogenesis of adipogenesis in PKP2-deficient cells.
Effects of Anesthesia and Species on the Uptake or Binding of Radioligands In Vivo in the Göttingen Minipig

Progress in neuroscience research often involves animals, as no adequate alternatives exist to animal models of living systems. However, both the physiological characteristics of the species used and the effects of anesthesia raise questions of common concern. Here, we demonstrate the confounding influences of these effects on tracer binding in positron emission tomography (PET). We determined the effects of two routinely used anesthetics (isoflurane and propofol) on the binding of two tracers of monoamine function, [11C]SCH23390, a tracer of the dopamine D1 and D5 receptors, and the alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, [11C]yohimbine, in Göttingen minipigs. The kinetics of SCH23390 in the pigs differed from those of our earlier studies in primates. With two different graphical analyses of uptake of SCH23390, the initial clearance values of this tracer were higher with isoflurane than with propofol anesthesia, indicative of differences in blood flow, whereas no significant differences were observed for the volumes of distribution of yohimbine. The study underscores the importance of differences of anesthesia and species when the properties of radioligands are evaluated under different circumstances that may affect blood flow and tracer uptake. These differences must be considered in the choice of a particular animal species and mode of anesthesia for a particular application.
Dimethyl sulfide control of the clean summertime Arctic aerosol and cloud

One year of aerosol particle observations from Alert, Nunavut shows that new particle formation (NPF) is common during clean periods of the summertime Arctic associated with attendant low condensation sinks and with the presence of methane sulfonic acid (MSA), a product of the atmospheric oxidation of dimethyl sulfide (DMS). The clean aerosol time periods, defined using the distribution of refractory black carbon number concentrations, increase in frequency from June through August as the anthropogenic influence dwindles. During the clean periods, the number concentrations of particles that can act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) increase from June through August suggesting that DMS, and possibly other oceanic organic precursors, exert significant control on the Arctic summertime submicron aerosol, a proposition supported by simulations from the GEOS-Chem-TOMAS global chemical transport model with particle microphysics. The CCN increase for the clean periods across the summer is estimated to be able to increase cloud droplet number concentrations (CDNC) by 23–44 cm-3, comparable to the mean CDNC increase needed to yield the current global cloud albedo forcing from industrial aerosols. These results suggest that DMS may contribute significantly to modification of the Arctic summer shortwave cloud albedo, and they offer a reference for future changes in the Arctic summer aerosol.
PECS - A Reference Model for Human-Like Agents

: In recent years autonomous agents have significantly gained in importance for the modelling of human behaviour. With this development a need for adequate design methodologies for complex agents emerges which are capable of modelling essential characteristics of human beings in connection with their decision making and behaviour control. In this artic1e the PECS reference model far the construction of human-like agents is introduced which enables an integrative modelling of physical, emotional, cognitive and social influences within a component-oriented agent architecture. Furthermore the case study Adam is introduced which demonstrates the practical application of the design methodology. Also a perspective should be drawn on how the reference model could be used for the control ofvirtual humans.
Agents Teaching Agents : Preliminary Results for 1 vs . 1 Tactics in Starcraft

This paper describes the development and analysis of two algorithms designed to allow one agent, the teacher, to give advice to another agent, the student. These algorithms contribute to a family of algorithms designed to allow teaching with limited advice. We compare the ability of the student to learn using reinforcement learning with and without such advice. Experiments are conducted in the Starcraft domain, a challenging but appropriate domain for this type of research. Our results show that the time at which advice is given has a significant effect on the result of student learning and that agents with the best performance in a task may not always be the most effective teachers.
Triassic echinoids (Echinodermata) from the Aksala Formation, north Lake Laberge, Yukon Territory, Canada

Late Triassic (Carnian–Norian) echinoids from the Aksala Formation in the Lake Laberge area of the Whitehorse Trough, Yukon Territory, Canada, are described. These echinoids comprise the first description of Triassic echinoids from Canada and, with the exception of fragmentary material from Utah, are the only Upper Triassic echinoids on the western coast of Pangaea north of Peru. Triassicidaris peruviensis Smith is identified from a coronal fragment that consists of an ambulacral column and five attached interambulacral plates from a Carnian outcrop succession. Parvicidaris sp. , also from Carnian strata, is identified based on a coronal fragment that consists of two ambulacral and three interambulacral columns. This occurrence extends the range of this typically Norian taxon both north to the Yukon and earlier into the Carnian. Additional specimens, identified as Triassicidaris sp. , occur within Norian strata of the Aksala taxa, one of which (‘Cidaris’ labergensis sp. nov.) is new. Both the corona‐based taxa and the spine form taxa show mixed affinities with Tethyan and southern New World populations and reinforce the association between Triassic echinoid faunas and reefal settings.
The Effects of Training, Modality, and Redundancy on the Development of a Historical Inquiry Strategy in a Multimedia Learning Environment

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of training, modality, and redundancy on the participants’ ability to apply and recall a historical inquiry strategy. An experimental research design was utilized with presentation mode as the independent variable and strategy application and strategy recall as the dependent variables. The participants were engaged in the multimedia intervention for a total of five days, for approximately 30 minutes a day. The results of the study revealed significant differences in the training main effects analysis indicating that strategy instruction can be effectively provided in a multimedia learning environment. However, no significant differences were found for the modality and redundancy main effects.
REM-Enriched Naps Are Associated with Memory Consolidation for Sad Stories and Enhance Mood-Related Reactivity

Emerging evidence suggests that emotion and affect modulate the relation between sleep and cognition. In the present study, we investigated the role of rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep in mood regulation and memory consolidation for sad stories. In a counterbalanced design, participants (n = 24) listened to either a neutral or a sad story during two sessions, spaced one week apart. After listening to the story, half of the participants had a short (45 min) morning nap. The other half had a long (90 min) morning nap, richer in REM and N2 sleep. Story recall, mood evolution and changes in emotional response to the re-exposure to the story were assessed after the nap. Although recall performance was similar for sad and neutral stories irrespective of nap duration, sleep measures were correlated with recall performance in the sad story condition only. After the long nap, REM sleep density positively correlated with retrieval performance, while re-exposure to the sad story led to diminished mood and increased skin conductance levels. Our results suggest that REM sleep may not only be associated with the consolidation of intrinsically sad material, but also enhances mood reactivity, at least on the short term.
MOPED: Orchestrating interprocess message data on CMPs

Future CMPs will combine many simple cores with deep cache hierarchies. With more cores, cache resources per core are fewer, and must be shared carefully to avoid poor utilization due to conflicts and pollution. Explicit motion of data in these architectures, such as message passing, can provide hints about program behavior that can be used to hide latency and improve cache behavior. However, to make these models attractive, synchronization overhead and data copying must also be offloaded from the processors. In this paper, we describe a Message Orchestration and Performance Enhancement Device (MOPED) that provides hardware mechanisms to support state-of-the-art message passing protocols such as MPI. MOPED extends the per-processor cache controllers and coherence protocol to support message synchronization and management in hardware, to transfer message data efficiently without intermediate buffer copies, and to place useful data in caches in a timely manner. MOPED thus allows full overlap between communication and computation on the cores. We extended a 16-core full-system simulator based on Simics and FeS2. MOPED interacts with the directory controllers to orchestrate message data. We evaluated benefits to performance and coherence traffic by integrating MOPED into the MPICH runtime. Relative to unmodified MPI execution, MOPED reduces execution time of real applications (NAS Parallel Benchmarks) by 17–45% and of communication microbenchmarks (Intel's IMB) by 76–94%. Off-chip memory misses are reduced by 43–88% for applications and by 75–100% for microbenchmarks.
Performance of Variable Rate and Variable Power MQAM System Based on Bit Error Rate and Channel Estimates

We consider the effect of an imperfect channel estimate on a variable rate and variable power (VRVP) multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) system, where the transmit power and data rate are varied relative to the estimate of the received signal. Based on the VRVP-MQAM system operating over a Rayleigh flat-fading channel, we derive a bit error rate (BER) estimator using a maximum aposteriori (MAP) estimation approach. We apply the BER estimator to the VRVP-MQAM system, and thereby derive and obtain system expressions which are applicable to any channel estimation technique. In addition, the resulting formulations are also useful for analyzing the effect of channel state information (CSI). Consequently, we derive and obtain an optimal solution for our proposed system and generate numerical results to compare the variations of system performance with imperfect CSI
Weighted link analysis for logo and trademark image retrieval on the Web

Image retrieval on the Web requires that important (authoritative) images satisfying the query selection criteria are assigned higher ranking over other relevant images. PicASHOW (Lempel and Soffer, 2002) achieves this goal using link information alone. This work proposes WPicASHOW (weighted PicASHOW), a weighted scheme for co-citation analysis that incorporates within the link analysis method of PicASHOW the text and image content of the queries and of the Web pages. WPicASHOW is implemented and integrated into a fully automated Web retrieval system for logo and trademark images.
Quantitative Detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum in Milk by Real-Time PCR

ABSTRACT We developed a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of Clostridium tyrobutyricum, which has been identified as the major causal agent of late blowing in cheese. The assay was 100% specific, with an analytical sensitivity of 1 genome equivalent in 40% of the reactions. The quantification was linear (R2 > 0.9995) over a 5-log dynamic range, down to 10 genome equivalents, with a PCR efficiency of >0.946. With optimized detergent treatment and enzymatic pretreatment of the sample before centrifugation and nucleic acid extraction, the assay counted down to 300 C. tyrobutyricum spores, with a relative accuracy of 82.98 to 107.68, and detected as few as 25 spores in 25 ml of artificially contaminated raw or ultrahigh-temperature-treated whole milk.
Molecular Diffusion Model of Neurotransmitter Homeostasis Around Synapses Supporting Gradients

Neurotransmitter homeostasis in and around a synapse involves complex random processes such as diffusion, molecular binding, and uptake by glial transporters. A three-dimensional stochastic diffusion model of a synapse was developed to provide molecular-level details of neurotransmitter homeostasis not predicted by alternative models based on continuum approaches. The development was illustrated through an example case cortico-accumbens synapse that successfully integrated neuroadaptations observed after chronic cocaine. By incorporating cystine-glutamate exchanger as a nonsynaptic release site for glutamate, the stochastic model was used to quantify the relative contributions of synaptic and nonsynaptic sources to extracellular concentration and to estimate molecular influx rates into the perisynapse. A perturbation analysis showed that among the parameters considered, variation in surface density of glial transporters had the largest effect on glutamate concentrations. The stochastic diffusion model of the example synapse was further generalized to characterize glial morphology by studying the role of diffusion path length in supporting neurotransmitter gradients and isolating the synapse. For the same set of parameters, diffusion path length was found to be proportional to the gradient supported.
Natural Language Processing With Modular PDP Networks and Distributed Lexicon

An approach to connectionist natural language processing is proposed, which is based on hierarchically organized modular parallel distributed processing (PDP) networks and a central lexicon of distributed input/output representations. The modules communicate using these representations, which are global and publicly available in the system. The representations are developed automatically by all networks while they are learning their processing tasks. The resulting representations reflect the regularities in the subtasks, which facilitates robust processing in the face of noise and damage, supports improved generalization, and provides expectations about possible contexts. The lexicon can be extended by cloning new instances of the items, that is, by generating a number of items with known processing properties and distinct identities. This technique combinatorially increases the processing power of the system. The recurrent FGREP module, together with a central lexicon, is used as a basic building block in modeling higher level natural language tasks. A single module is used to form case-role representations of sentences from word-by-word sequential natural language input. A hierarchical organization of four recurrent FGREP modules (the DISPAR system) is trained to produce fully expanded paraphrases of script-based stories, where unmentioned events and role fillers are inferred.