Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cut-Point Definition of Agitation

Abstract Objective: The goals of this study are to examine the use of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) using several cut-points, and to describe the distribution of agitated behaviors in a community dwelling dementia population. Methods: The study consisted of a one-time interview with 99 community-dwelling dementia patient and caregiver dyads. We described the distribution of the 29 items of the CMAI and its three previously validated subscales: physically agitated aggressive behavior, physically nonaggressive agitated behavior, and verbally agitated behavior, as well as a fourth subscale of total aggression, which we created. Three different cut-points: (2,2), (3,3), and (4,4), representing both frequency and disruptiveness ratings, were compared. Results: The study showed that with a cut-point of (2,2), 57% of the patients displayed at least one aggressive trait, 19% were physically aggressive, 40% were agitated, 51% were verbally aggressive, and 33% were part of the total aggression subscale. With a cut-point of (3,3), 47% of the patients displayed at least one aggressive trait, 10% were physically aggressive, 26% were agitated, 37% were verbally aggressive, and 19% were part of the total aggression subscale. Finally, with a cut-point of (4,4), 31% of the patients displayed at least one aggressive trait, 10% were physically aggressive, 14% were agitated, 19% were verbally aggressive, and 16% were part of the total aggression subscale. Conclusion: This study provides data on the frequency and severity of agitation in dementia patients. Furthermore, it offers cut-points that can potentially aid clinicians and researchers to better assess and treat patients with dementia and agitation.
Por qué los niños y las niñas se aceptan y se rechazan

ResumenEn el presente estudio se pretende elaborar un sistema de categorias de los motivos que los ninos utilizan para justificar sus elecciones y rechazos. Con las respuestas emitidas en un cuestionario sociometrico de nominaciones positivas y negativas por 430 alumnos de quinto y sexto curso de Educacion Primaria, pertenecientes a 21 aulas de centros publicos de Valladolid, Palma de Mallorca y Castellon de la Plana, se establecio un sistema con nueve categorias de aceptacion y quince de rechazo. Las principales razones por las que se elige un amigo son la simpatia, la diversion y satisfaccion conjunta y la presencia de caracteristicas relevantes en una relacion de amistad (confianza, lealtad, apoyo, ayuda…). Los principales motivos de rechazo son las conductas agresivas, especialmente la agresion psicologica (dominancia y superioridad, basicamente prepotencia), tambien la agresion fisica, la agresion verbal y gestual, y los comportamientos que revelan inmadurez y falta de atencion y los que agobian y/o r.
Synthesis and crystal structures of multifunctional tosylates as basis for star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)s

The synthesis of well-defined polymer architectures is of major importance for the development of complex functional materials. In this contribution, we discuss the synthesis of a range of multifunctional star-shaped tosylates as potential initiators for the living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-oxazolines resulting in star-shaped polymers. The synthesis of the tosylates was performed by esterification of the corresponding alcohols with tosyl chloride. Recrystallization of these tosylate compounds afforded single crystals, and the X-ray crystal structures of di-, tetra- and hexa-tosylates are reported. The use of tetra- and hexa-tosylates, based on (di)pentaerythritol as initiators for the CROP of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, resulted in very slow initiation and ill-defined polymers, which is most likely caused by steric hindrance in these initiators. As a consequence, a porphyrin-cored tetra-tosylate initiator was prepared, which yielded a well-defined star-shaped poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) by CROP as demonstrated by SEC with RI, UV and diode-array detectors, as well as by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Leveraging Blogging Activity on Tumblr to Infer Demographics and Interests of Users for Advertising Purposes

As one of the leading platforms for creative content, Tumblr offers advertisers a unique way of creating brand identity. Advertisers can tell their story through images, animation, text, music, video and more, and they can promote that content by sponsoring it to appear as an advertisement in the streams of Tumblr users. In this paper, we present a framework that enabled one of the key targeted advertising components for Tumblr, specifically, gender and interest targeting. We describe the main challenges involved in the development of the framework, which include the creation of a ground truth for training gender prediction models, as well as mapping Tumblr content to an interest taxonomy. For purposes of inferring user interests, we propose a novel semi-supervised neural language model for categorization of Tumblr content (i.e., post tags and post keywords). The model was trained on a large-scale data set consisting of 6.8 billion user posts, with a very limited amount of categorized keywords, and was shown to have superior performance over the baseline models. We successfully deployed gender and interest targeting capability in Yahoo production systems, delivering inference for users that covers more than 90% of the daily activities on Tumblr. Online performance results indicate advantages of the proposed approach, where we observed a 20% increase in user engagement with sponsored posts in comparison to untargeted campaigns.
An SDR-Based Wireless Communication Gateway for Vehicle Networks

As telematics and infotainment services are becoming more and more prevalent on the roadway, modern vehicles need to be equipped to support various wireless communication standards. The conventional ways for implementing those standards are dependent on their dedicated hardware chips, and thus in order to add a new standard or change an obsolete standard, a new dedicated hardware chip should be installed. Software defined radio (SDR) technology enables software components running on a generic hardware platform to perform signal processing instead of hardware chips. Thus, it is possible to support multi-standard, multi-band and multi-mode solutions and easy to enhance and reconfigure wireless communication. In this paper, we propose an SDR-based wireless communication gateway for vehicle networks. It integrates multiple wireless devices into one single wireless gateway reducing maintenance costs of hardware chips and improving flexibility, adaptability and connectivity of wireless communication. In order to provide the proof of concept, we present its application to digital multimedia broadcasting service.
Inflammatory responses of endothelial cells experiencing reduction in flow after conditioning by shear stress

Exposure of endothelial cells (EC) to shear stress reduces their response to tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF). We tested how shear‐conditioned EC responded to reduction in flow, either by spontaneously binding leukocytes, or by increasing sensitivity to TNF. Human umbilical vein EC were exposed to shear stress of 2.0 Pa (20 dyn/cm2) for 24 h. Shear was then reduced to stasis (30 sec perfusion each hour to exchange medium) or 0.003 Pa (creeping flow). At chosen times, neutrophils were perfused over the EC at 0.1 Pa (effective reperfusion). EC developed an ability to capture flowing neutrophils that lasted from 1 to 3 h after flow reduction, which was reduced by antibody against P‐selectin or pre‐treatment of EC with an inhibitor of NADPH‐oxidase. Adhesion of neutrophils to TNF‐treated EC was greatly suppressed by shear‐conditioning, remained suppressed immediately after cessation of flow and then took 48 h to approach the level in static cultures. Interestingly, the response to TNF remained suppressed in cultures switched to creeping flow. Gene array analysis confirmed that differently recovered cells had separate phenotypes. Thus, an acute response of EC to reduction in shear may contribute to leukocyte recruitment, along with hypoxia, in ischaemia and reperfusion. Prolonged cessation of flow may increase the sensitivity of EC to inflammatory stimuli, but this effect may be suppressed by residual flow. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 732–741, 2008, © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Tinker Toy Test as a Measure of the Dysexecutive Syndrome in Those from Differing Socio-Economic Backgrounds

We investigated the impact of socio-economic status (SES) on executive functioning in a group of participants who were at least six months post Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). Challenges exist when measuring executive function in a developing country: norms developed in the country of test origin are rarely transferable to other populations and cultural differences require local test-item adaptation. Furthermore, SES has a graded impact upon cognitive functioning: those from lower socio-economic circumstances tend to produce inferior test scores to those from more affluent backgrounds. Not controlling for these effects may induce diagnostic errors. Three measures of executive functioning, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Iowa Gambling Test, and the Tinker Toy Test (TTT) were administered to 25 participants who were drawn from a South African Welfare organisation dedicated to supporting and assisting those with acquired brain injury. Sensitivity to race (as a possible measure of SES) was only elicited using the TTT. This test which is simple to administer, ecologically appropriate, and non-language based appears to be a useful adjunct as a measure of executive function in those with ABI from varying SES backgrounds.
The evolutionary origins of modularity

A central biological question is how natural organisms are so evolvable (capable of quickly adapting to new environments). A key driver of evolvability is the widespread modularity of biological networks—their organization as functional, sparsely connected subunits—but there is no consensus regarding why modularity itself evolved. Although most hypotheses assume indirect selection for evolvability, here we demonstrate that the ubiquitous, direct selection pressure to reduce the cost of connections between network nodes causes the emergence of modular networks. Computational evolution experiments with selection pressures to maximize network performance and minimize connection costs yield networks that are significantly more modular and more evolvable than control experiments that only select for performance. These results will catalyse research in numerous disciplines, such as neuroscience and genetics, and enhance our ability to harness evolution for engineering purposes.
The PocketLocker personal cloud storage system

PocketLocker creates scalable, reliable, and performant personal storage clouds out of available space distributed across multiple personal devices. Designed to store rarely-changed files on both interactive devices with limited storage (such as smartphones) and non-interactive devices with large amounts of storage (such as storage appliances), PocketLocker differs from previous systems in not requiring that each device be able to store all available content or be configured to only view certain files. Instead, a storage orchestrator running as a cloud service distributes erasure-coded file chunks across all available devices to maximize performance and capacity and minimize energy usage at battery-powered clients while meeting configurable backup requirements. Unlike current cloud storage options, PocketLocker is free and will scale as users add devices. We motivate PocketLocker's design by analyzing two months of file access traces taken from 100 smartphones, and evaluate its performance using trace-based simulations to explore design parameters and measurements of a prototype Android implementation to establish real-world performance. By locating content close to where it will be accessed by mobile devices, PocketLocker provides low-latency access to large amounts of content. By exploiting mobility and charging habits, PocketLocker can meet backup requirements without draining the smartphone's battery.
Effects of GnRH administered to cows at the onset of estrus on timing of ovulation, endocrine responses, and conception.

Two experiments examined effects of GnRH administered within 3 h after onset of estrus (OE) on ovulation and conception in dairy cows. In experiment 1, 46 cows received either saline, 250 microg of GnRH, or 10 microg of the GnRH analogue, Buserelin. Cows were observed for estrus, blood samples were collected, and ovulations were monitored by ultrasound. In controls, 76% of cows had intervals from estrus to ovulation of < or = 30 h and 24% had intervals > 30 h. Treatment with either GnRH or GnRH analogue (data combined) increased magnitude of LH surges and decreased intervals from estrus to LH surge or to ovulation. Treated cows all ovulated < or = 30 h after OE. Among control cows, plasma estradiol concentrations before estrus correlated positively with amplitudes of LH surges. Higher plasma progesterone was observed in the subsequent estrous cycle in GnRH-treated cows compared to control cows with delayed ovulations. Experiment 2 included 152 primiparous and 211 multiparous cows in summer and winter. Injection of GnRH analogue at OE increased conception rates (CR) from 41.3 to 55.5% across seasons. In summer, GnRH treatment increased CR from 35.1 to 51.6%. Across seasons, GnRH increased CR from 36.0 to 61.5% in cows with lower body condition at insemination and GnRH increased CR (63.2 vs. 42.2%) in primiparous cows compared to controls. Use of GnRH eliminated differences in CR for cows inseminated early or late relative to OE and increased CR in cows having postpartum reproductive disorders. In conclusion, GnRH at onset of estrus increased LH surges, prevented delayed ovulation, and may increase subsequent progesterone concentrations. Treatments with GnRH increased conception in primiparous cows, during summer, and in cows with lower body condition.
Time course of skeletal muscle loss and oxidative stress in rats with walker 256 solid tumor

Reactive oxygen species oxidize proteins and modulate the proteasomal system in muscle‐wasting cancer cachexia. On day 5 (D5), day 10 (D10), and day 14 (D14) after tumor implantation, skeletal muscle was evaluated. Carbonylated proteins and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured. Chemiluminescence was employed for lipid hydroperoxide estimation. Glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total radical antioxidant capacity were evaluated. The proteasomal system was assessed by mRNA atrogin‐1 expression. Increased muscle wasting, lipid hydroperoxide, and superoxide dismutase, and decreased glutathione levels and total radical antioxidant capacity, were found on D5 in accordance with increased mRNA atrogin‐1 expression. All parameters were significantly modified in animals treated with α‐tocopherol. The elevation in aldehylde levels and carbonylated proteins observed on D10 were reversed by α‐tocopherol treatment. Oxidative stress may trigger signal transduction of the proteasomal system and cause protein oxidation. These pathways may be associated with the mechanism of muscle wasting that occurs in cancer cachexia. Muscle Nerve 42: 950–958, 2010
Differential Course of Executive Control Changes During Normal Aging

ABSTRACT Normal aging has been associated with executive control deficits, but it is as yet unclear whether different executive subprocesses are differentially affected during the course of aging. The present study aimed to investigate age effects on a range of executive control subcomponents. Four consecutive age groups (20–30 years, 31–45 years, 46–60 years, 61–75 years), matched on present state IQ and mood, were compared on tasks of strategic memory processing, verbal fluency, reasoning, inhibition, task management, and self-rating of executive abilities. Deficits concerning the suppression of habitual and experimentally induced prepotent response tendencies and the ability to efficiently divide attention were observed in subjects over 60 years of age compared to the younger groups, while memory, verbal fluency, and reasoning were largely unaffected. Results suggest a sharp decline of executive function after age 60 and a differential course of different executive subcomponents across aging, adding further support to a multi-dimensional model of executive function.
Genre and academic writing in the disciplines

The last decade has seen increasing attention given to the notion of genre and its application in language teaching and learning. Genre represents how writers typically use language to respond to recurring situations, pointing to the fact that texts are most successful when they employ conventions that other members of the community find familiar and convincing. This community-based nature of genres suggests that their features will differ across disciplines, encouraging teachers to research the features of the texts their students need in order to make these explicit in their classes. I examine some of the research understandings and practical applications of these views by looking at what the approach offers teachers of academic writing.
Homeownership, Neighbourhood Characteristics and Children’s Positive Behaviours among Low- and Moderate-income Households

Using data on low-to-moderate-income households in the US Community Advantage Program survey, this paper examines homeownership, neighbourhood characteristics and the interaction between the two on the positive behaviour of children from low- and moderate-income households. To control for potential selection bias and endogeneity problems, propensity score weighting and hierarchical regression are employed to tease apart the effects of homeownership, neighbourhood characteristics and their interaction on child positive behaviour. No effect is found of homeownership or neighbourhood characteristics on children’s positive behaviour when the interaction between the two is not included in the model. However, homeownership was found to have a stronger positive effect on children’s positive behaviour as neighbourhood population density increases and, at approximately 4000 persons per square mile (approximate population density of San Diego, CA), homeownership has a significant positive effect on children’s overall scores on the positive behaviour scale.
Anxiety and the risk of death in older men and women

Background There are inconsistent reports as to whether people with anxiety disorders have a higher mortality risk. Aims To determine whether anxiety disorders predict mortality in older men and women in the community Method Longitudinal data were used from a large, community-based random sample (n=3107) of older men and women (55–85 years) in The Netherlands, with a follow-up period of 7.5 years. Anxiety disorders were assessed according to DSM–III criteria in a two-stage screening design. Results In men, the adjusted mortality risk was 1.78 (95% Cl 1.01–3.13) in cases with diagnosed anxiety disorders at baseline. In women, no significant association was found with mortality. Conclusions The study revealed a gender difference in the association between anxiety and mortality. For men, but not for women, an increased mortality risk was found for anxiety disorders.
Activity‐focused Motor Interventions for Infants and Young Children With Neurological Conditions

This article presents a model to guide activity-focused motor interventions as a component of early intervention services for physical and occupational therapists working with infants and young children with neurological conditions and other developmental disabilities. Activity-focused interventions involve structured practice and repetition of functional actions, and are directed toward the learning of motor tasks that will increase the child's participation in daily routines. According to this model, the pediatric physical therapist or occupational therapist, as a member of the intervention team, develops activity-related goals in collaboration with the child's family. The therapist plans activity-focused interventions by (1) using guidelines based on principles from motor learning and motor development, (2) adapting these guidelines, when necessary, to address the young child's individual strengths and needs, and (3) integrating impairment-focused interventions with activity-focused interventions, optimally within the context of everyday routines and activities. The elements of this model will be discussed through an example that is applicable to early intervention.
INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS AND THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS: COMPARING INDIA AND CHINA

This paper develops the argument for analyzing negotiations from an institutional perspective. A major theme of the argument being advanced in this paper is that the institutional perspective provides a more comprehensive understanding of the negotiation process in its entirety. The negotiation process can be broken down into three distinct components, namely (a) the pre‐negotiation phase; (b) the negotiating phase; and (c) the post negotiation evaluation. Each of these phases is critically influenced by a specific component or components of the institutional environment. Scott's distinction between the regulative, the normative, and the cognitive dimension of the institutional environment is drawn upon to illustrate the usefulness of this perspective. The framework is applied to assess the similarities and differences between Indian and Chinese institutional environments and their implications for negotiating processes in the countries discussed. Choosing India and China to illustrate the utility of this framework is justified by the fact that India and China are both in the process of transforming their economies, and although confronted with similar challenges, they have dealt with them in very different ways. This comparison is thus useful, not only for illustrating the value of the institutional perspective, but also for understanding the dynamics of the negotiation process in these countries.
Perturbation approach to scaled type Markov renewal processes with infinite mean.

Scaled type Markovrenewal processesgeneralize classical renewal processes: renewal times come from a one parameter family of probability laws and the sequence of the parameters is the trajectory of an ergodic Markov chain. Our primary interest here is the asymptotic distribution of the Markovian parameter at time t ! ¥. The limit, of course, depends on the stationary distribution of the Markov chain. The results, however, are essentially different depending on whether the expectations of the renewals are finite or infinite. If the expectations are uniformly bounded, then we can provide the limit in general (beyond the class of scaled type processes), where the expectations of the probability laws in question appear, too. If the means are infinite, then – by assuming that the renewal times are rescaled versions of a regularly varying probability law with exponent 0 � a � 1 – it is the exponent a which emerges in the limits.
Institutional Environments, Staffing Strategies, and Subsidiary Performance

The authors adopt and develop an institutional perspective to advance understanding of how host country environments influence subsidiary staffing strategies. They propose and find that (a) firms rely more on expatriates in institutionally distant environments for reasons related to the efficient transfer of management practices and firm-specific capabilities and (b) the positive influence of expatriate staffing levels on subsidiary performance is dependent on the institutional distance between the host and home country, and subsidiary experience. The authors' findings are based on their analysis of expatriate employment levels and performance in 12,997 foreign subsidiaries of 2,952 Japanese firms in 48 countries.