Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Concepts Seeds Gathering and Dataset Updating Algorithm for Handling Concept Drift

In data mining, the phenomenon of change in data distribution over time is known as concept drift. In this research, the authors introduce a new approach called Concepts Seeds Gathering and Dataset Updating algorithm CSG-DU that gives the traditional classification models the ability to adapt and cope with concept drift as time passes. CSG-DU is concerned with discovering new concepts in data stream and aims to increase the classification accuracy using any classification model when changes occur in the underlying concepts. The proposed approach has been tested using synthetic and real datasets. The experiments conducted show that after applying the authors' approach, the classification accuracy increased from low values to high and acceptable ones. Finally, a comparison study between CSG-DU and Set Formation for Delayed Labeling algorithm SFDL has been conducted; SFDL is an approach that handles sudden and gradual concept drift. CSG-DU results outperforms SFDL in terms of classification accuracy.
Model to predict survival after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: the Mayo Clinic experience.

BACKGROUND The 7th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system has recently been validated and shown to predict survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The present study attempted to investigate the validity of these findings. METHODS A single-centre, retrospective cohort study was conducted. Histopathological restaging of disease subsequent to primary surgical resection was carried out in all consecutive ICC patients. Overall survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. RESULTS A total of 150 patients underwent surgery, 126 (84%) of whom met the present study's inclusion criteria. Of these 126 patients, 68 (54%) were female. The median length of follow-up was 4.5 years. The median patient age was 58 years (range: 24-79 years). Median body mass index was 27 kg/m(2) (range: 17-46 kg/m(2) ). Staging according to the AJCC 7th edition categorized 33 (26%) patients with stage I disease, 27 (21%) with stage II disease, five (4%) with stage III disease, and 61 (48%) with stage IVa disease. The AJCC 7th edition failed to accurately stratify survival in the current cohort; analysis revealed significantly worse survival in those with microvascular invasion, tumour size of >5 cm, grade 4 disease, multiple tumours and positive lymph nodes (P < 0.001). A negative resection margin was associated with improved survival (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The AJCC 7th edition did not accurately predict survival in patients with ICC. A multivariable model including tumour size and differentiation in addition to the criteria used in the AJCC 7th edition may offer a more accurate method of predicting survival in patients with ICC.
Are Epiphytic Microbial Communities in the Carposphere of Ripening Grape Clusters (Vitis vinifera L.) Different between Conventional, Organic, and Biodynamic Grapes?

Using barcoded pyrosequencing fungal and bacterial communities associated with grape berry clusters (Vitis vinifera L.) obtained from conventional, organic and biodynamic vineyard plots were investigated in two subsequent years at different stages during berry ripening. The four most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on fungal ITS data were Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium spp. , Aureobasidium pullulans and Alternaria alternata which represented 57% and 47% of the total reads in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Members of the genera Sphingomonas, Gluconobacter, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, and Massilia constituted 67% of the total number of bacterial 16S DNA reads in 2010 samples and 78% in 2011 samples. Viticultural management system had no significant effect on abundance of fungi or bacteria in both years and at all three sampling dates. Exceptions were A. alternata and Pseudomonas spp. which were more abundant in the carposphere of conventional compared to biodynamic berries, as well as Sphingomonas spp. which was significantly less abundant on conventional compared to organic berries at an early ripening stage in 2011. In general, there were no significant differences in fungal and bacterial diversity indices or richness evident between management systems. No distinct fungal or bacterial communities were associated with the different maturation stages or management systems, respectively. An exception was the last stage of berry maturation in 2011, where the Simpson diversity index was significantly higher for fungal communities on biodynamic compared to conventional grapes. Our study highlights the existence of complex and dynamic microbial communities in the grape cluster carposphere including both phytopathogenic and potentially antagonistic microorganisms that can have a significant impact on grape production. Such knowledge is particularly relevant for development, selection and application of effective control measures against economically important pathogens present in the grape carposphere.
The Influence of Prehospital Systemic Corticosteroid Use on Development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Hospital Outcomes*

Objective:The role of systemic corticosteroids in pathophysiology and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome is controversial. Use of prehospital systemic corticosteroid therapy may prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and improve hospital outcomes. Design:This is a preplanned retrospective subgroup analysis of the prospectively identified cohort from a trial by the U.S. Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group designed to validate the Lung Injury Prediction Score. Setting:Twenty-two acute care hospitals. Patients:Five thousand eighty-nine patients with at least one risk factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome at the time of hospitalization. Intervention:Propensity-based analysis of previously recorded data. Measurements and Main Results:Three hundred sixty-four patients were on systemic corticosteroids. Prevalence of acute respiratory distress syndrome was 7.7% and 6.9% (odds ratio, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.8–1.7]; p = 0.54) for patients on systemic corticosteroid and not on systemic corticosteroids, respectively. A propensity for being on systemic corticosteroids was derived through logistic regression by using all available covariates. Subsequently, 354 patients (97%) on systemic corticosteroids were matched to 1,093 not on systemic corticosteroids by their propensity score for a total of 1,447 patients in the matched set. Adjusted risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.54–1.38]), invasive ventilation (odds ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.62–1.12]), and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.63–1.49]) was then calculated from the propensity-matched sample using conditional logistic regression model. No significant associations were present. Conclusions:Prehospital use of systemic corticosteroids neither decreased the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients hospitalized with at one least risk factor, nor affected the need for mechanical ventilation or hospital mortality.
Phenotyping of xylem vessels for drought stress analysis in rice

Xylem vessels play a pivotal role in plant adaptation to drought stress. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that associates automatic segmentation of xylem vessels with its morphological features as a quantitative proxy to predict drought stress response (DSR). We develop an image processing pipeline that comprises of low level processing which enables high-throughput detection of xylem vessels. With no prior information about its size and location, the proposed detection methodology gives an accuracy of 98%. The labelled data for DSR are either not available or are subjectively developed, which is a low-throughput and error prone task. We resolve this problem by employing simplex volume maximization (SiVM) algorithm. The convex representations obtained from SiVM for each xylem in microscopic images based on its shape factors are aggregated to get an automated scoring of the whole plant. Bhattacharya distance is then employed to obtain the divergence of these responses w.r. t. the control group. The proposed framework successfully captures the phenotypic difference between MTU-1010 (drought susceptible rice cultivar) and Sahbhagi Dhan (drought tolerant rice cultivar).
Natural Gesture Modeling and Recognition Approach Based on Joint Movements and Arm Orientations

Gesture recognition, as one of the most promising human-robot interaction approaches, has attracted research interests for a long time. Though many feasible methods have been proposed in this field, the current gesture modeling and recognition methods are deficient in expressiveness, naturalness, and efficiency. In this paper, we present a novel method of modeling and recognizing natural gestures in 3-D space. Inspired by the joint space modeling, which is frequently used in robotics, we decompose the gestures into information of joint movements, joint angles, and arm orientations. We calculate joint angles and detect joint movements with the orientation data measured by inertial measurement units. Numbers of gestures can be modeled by combining three types of criteria, namely, joint angle criteria, arm orientation criteria, and joint movement criteria. Our system can cope with the repetitive movements, which are common in gestures while rarely considered before. Different from the previous statistical learning or template matching approaches, our approach does not need training. User can add new gesture to the gesture set or edit existing gesture definitions conveniently. To evaluate our system, we conducted real-time gesture recognition experiments with ten subjects. Twelve gestures, including three static gestures and nine dynamic gestures, were modeled for the experiments. The average recognition accuracy of totaling 1560 gesture samples was 91.86%.
Quantitative Approaches for Modeling Information Quality in Information Systems

The dissertation deals with the quantitative measurement of information quality as well as the consideration of the measurement results in decision support, by focusing on the information quality dimensions currency, accuracy, and consistency. The dissertation is based on a theoretical framework, which incorporates the areas of Decision Theory, Knowledge Discovery and Information Quality. Moreover, uncertainty due to low information quality is modelled by Fuzzy Set Theory and Probability Theory. The dissertation consist of seven papers, which are grouped in four chapters, based on the corresponding information quality dimensions.
Reduced autobiographical memory specificity in bereaved Afghan adolescents

This study investigated the effect of bereavement (father death due to war in Afghanistan) on autobiographical memory specificity in Afghan adolescents living in Iran. Participants consisted of bereaved (n=70) and non-bereaved (n=33) Afghan adolescents. The measures included Farsi versions of the Autobiographical Memory Test, Mood and Feeling Questionnaire, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and Impact of Event Scale. Results indicated that the bereaved group retrieved a significantly lower proportion of specific memories and a significantly greater proportion of extended and categoric memories than the non-bereaved group. Additionally, depression symptoms and reduced autobiographical memory specificity were significantly correlated. These findings suggest that bereaved adolescents have impaired autobiographical memory specificity.
Microbial Causatives of Diarrhea in Children in Erbil City

Five hundred samples of stool were colleted from patients with diarrhea (infants and children under ten years of age) admitted to the Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Erbil City from March 2007 to September 2007. The samples were cultured on different culture media and according to the colony morphology, biochemical reactions and by the use of API 20E system, 35 (7%) E.coli I, 8 (1.6%) E.coli II, 17 (3.4%) E.coli III, 22 (4.4%) E.coli IV, 8 (1.6%) Shigella dysenteriae, 16 (3.2%) Salmonella arizonae, 12 (2.4%) Salmonella typhi and 6 (1.2%) Vibrio cholerae. In addition, cases of Entamoeba histolytica 175 (35%), Giardia lamblia 102 (20.4%) and Hymenolepis nana 2 (2.4%) were identified. No infectious agents were found in 75 (15%) of the samples. 22 (4.4%) of the samples had mixed infections. The sensitivity of the bacterial isolates to different antibiotics was performed. There was a variation in the resistance of the isolates ranging from 2-100% whereas other isolates were sensitive. Most cases of diarrhea were in children less than 3 years of age and the males (64%) had more infection rates than the females (35.8%). Children from urban (77%) areas had higher infection rates than those coming from rural (23%) areas. Children who were bottle fed (31.4%) had higher infection rates than those who were breast fed (17.6%) or those with mixed feeding (16.6%).
Descriptive Epidemiology and Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis for an Outbreak of Bovine Tuberculosis in Beef Cattle and White-Tailed Deer in Northwestern Minnesota

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) was discovered in a Minnesota cow through routine slaughter surveillance in 2005 and the resulting epidemiological investigation led to the discovery of infection in both cattle and white-tailed deer in the state. From 2005 through 2009, a total of 12 beef cattle herds and 27 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were found infected in a small geographic region of northwestern Minnesota. Genotyping of isolates determined both cattle and deer shared the same strain of bTB, and it was similar to types found in cattle in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Whole genomic sequencing confirmed the introduction of this infection into Minnesota was recent, with little genetic divergence. Aggressive surveillance and management efforts in both cattle and deer continued from 2010–2012; no additional infections were discovered. Over 10,000 deer were tested and 705 whole herd cattle tests performed in the investigation of this outbreak.
Effects of an Enhanced Heart Rate Reserve on Aerobic Performance in Patients with a Heart Transplant

Ville NS, Varray A, Mercier B, Hayot M, Albat B, Chamari K, Préfaut C, Mercier J: Effects of an enhanced heart rate reserve on aerobic performance in patients with a heart transplant. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:584–589. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether a high-intensity warm-up at the start of a graded, symptom-limited exercise test would enhance heart rate reserve and thus improve the aerobic performance of orthotopic heart transplant patients. Design Adrenal and cardiorespiratory responses were compared in 10 orthotopic heart transplant patients who performed two graded, symptom-limited exercise tests on an ergocycle. Results At the start of the graded, symptom-limited exercise test, high intensity increased the norepinephrine level more than usual intensity between rest and the third minute of exercise. This higher norepinephrine level was followed by a higher heart rate response from the fourth minute of exercise. Heart rate reserve was enhanced during high-intensity exercise, without any significant change in peak oxygen uptake. Conclusions This specific warm-up enhanced heart rate reserve during a graded, symptom-limited exercise test on an ergocycle. Mechanisms more important than limited heart rate reserve are involved in the limitation of exercise tolerance in orthotopic heart transplant patients.
Rural at-risk drinkers: correlates and one-year use of alcoholism treatment services.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify a community sample of rural and urban at-risk drinkers, to compare them in terms of sociodemographics, access measures and severity of illness, and to study them prospectively to identify rural/urban differences in use of 12-month alcoholism treatment services. METHOD A brief telephone screening interview of over 12,000 respondents in six southern states identified a sample of at-risk drinkers. A baseline interview was administered to 733 individuals (67% men, 50% rural residents) that obtained information on substance use and psychiatric disorders, psychosocial factors, social support, four dimensions of access to alcoholism treatment services and prior alcoholism service use. Interviews at 6 and 12 months obtained self-reports of subsequent receipt of alcoholism treatment services. RESULTS We identified modest differences between rural and urban at-risk drinkers. The rural sample was significantly less well-educated and reported significantly less affordability, accessibility and acceptability of some treatment services (p < .05). Rural at-risk drinkers also appeared to possess significantly greater illness characteristics, including more lifetime DSM-IV criteria for alcohol use disorders, more frequent recent alcohol disorders and more chronic medical problems (p < .05). The longitudinal sample comprised 579 participants, of whom 7% reported receiving some form of alcoholism treatment services in the year after the initial interview. In bivariate analysis, rural drinkers in the sample reported greater use of help for their drinking, more use of psychiatrists and more use of inpatient, outpatient and ER treatment settings than did their urban counterparts. However, significant independent predictors of 12-month alcoholism treatment use in multiple logistic regression were female gender (OR = 0.3), greater social support (OR = 2.2) and illness or severity characteristics including recent diagnosis of alcohol dependence (OR = 3.3), social consequences of drinking (OR = 1.7), concurrent medical problems (OR = 2.1) and prior treatment experience (OR = 4.4). CONCLUSIONS We found modest differences among rural and urban at-risk drinkers and some evidence of greater barriers to treatment and greater illness severity among rural inhabitants. Further research is needed to know whether community interventions with social networks and other interventions to improve social support may help bring at-risk drinkers into treatment in both urban and rural settings as well as provide other support for sobriety.
Introduction To Cofilin And Its Regulation Of Actin Dynamics

Article ID: WMC00631 Article Type: Review articles Submitted on:14-Sep-2010, 10:06:05 PM GMT Published on: 14-Sep-2010, 10:35:20 PM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral. com/article_view/631 Subject Categories:CELLULAR BIOLOGY
Observer-based consensus design for multi-agent systems with unavailable velocities of leader and followers

This paper addresses the observer-based consensus problem of second-order leader-follower multi-agent systems with switching topology where none of velocities of leader and followers can be available. Firstly, under the assumption that the acceleration of the leader is active and known to all followers, instead of estimating directly the unmeasured velocities as done in the existing work, this work estimates the dynamic differences of the velocities between the leader and the followers by designing distributed observers. A common Lyapunov function is used to analyze the closed-loop stability. Secondly, the idea is further extended to two cases where the acceleration of the leader is constant but unknown to all followers or active but known only to some followers. A simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of design methods proposed in this paper.
Mitochondrial localization of ER and ER in human MCF7 cells

Chen, Jin Q. , Michael Delannoy, Carol Cooke, and James D.Yager. Mitochondrial localization of ER and ER in human MCF7cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286: E1011–E1022, 2004. Firstpublished January 21, 2004; 10.1152/ajpendo.00508. 2003. —We ob-served previously that estrogen treatment increased the transcriptlevels of several mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-encoded genes formitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) proteins and MRC activity inrat hepatocytes and human Hep G2 cells. Others have reporteddetection of estrogen receptors (ER), ER and ER , in mitochondriaof rabbit ovarian and uterine tissue. In this study, we have extendedthese observations. Using cellular fractionation and Western blot withER - and ER -speciﬁc antibodies, we observed that ER and ERare present in mitochondria of human MCF7 cells and that themitochondrial ER and ER account for 10 and 18%, respectively, oftotal cellular ER and ER in 17 -estradiol (E
Glucocorticoid receptor deletion from the dorsal raphé nucleus of mice reduces dysphoria‐like behavior and impairs hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical axis feedback inhibition

Glucocorticoids can cause depression and anxiety. Mechanisms for glucocorticoid effects on mood are largely undefined. The dorsal raphé nucleus (DRN) produces the majority of serotonin in the brain, and expresses glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Because we previously showed that antidepressants used to treat depression and anxiety decrease DRN GR expression, we hypothesized that deleting DRN GR would have anxiolytic‐ and antidepressant‐like effects. We also hypothesized that DRN GR deletion would disinhibit activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Adeno‐associated virus pseudotype AAV2/9 expressing either Cre recombinase (DRNGRKO mice) or GFP (DRN‐GFP mice) was injected into the DRN of floxed GR mice to test these hypotheses. Three weeks after injection, mice underwent 21 days of social defeat or control handling and were tested for anxiety‐like behavior (open‐field test, elevated‐plus maze), depression‐like behavior [sucrose preference, forced‐swim test (FST), tail‐suspension test (TST)], social interaction, and circadian and stress‐induced HPA activity. DRN GR deletion decreased anxiety‐like behavior in control but not in defeated mice. DRN GR deletion decreased FST and tended to decrease TST despair‐like behavior in both control and defeated mice, but did not affect sucrose preference. Exploration of social (a novel mouse) as well as neutral (an empty box) targets was increased in DRNGRKO mice, suggesting that DRN GR deletion also promotes active coping. DRN GR deletion increased stress‐induced HPA activity without strongly altering circadian HPA activity. We have shown a novel role for DRN GR to mediate anxiety‐ and despair‐like behavior and to regulate HPA negative feedback during acute stress.