Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In vivo evidence of TonB shuttling between the cytoplasmic and outer membrane in Escherichia coli

Gram‐negative bacteria are able to convert potential energy inherent in the proton gradient of the cytoplasmic membrane into active nutrient transport across the outer membrane. The transduction of energy is mediated by TonB protein. Previous studies suggest a model in which TonB makes sequential and cyclic contact with proteins in each membrane, a process called shuttling. A key feature of shuttling is that the amino‐terminal signal anchor must quit its association with the cytoplasmic membrane, and TonB becomes associated solely with the outer membrane. However, the initial studies did not exclude the possibility that TonB was artifactually pulled from the cytoplasmic membrane by the fractionation process. To resolve this ambiguity, we devised a method to test whether the extreme TonB amino‐terminus, located in the cytoplasm, ever became accessible to the cys‐specific, cytoplasmic membrane‐impermeant molecule, Oregon Green® 488 maleimide (OGM) in vivo. A full‐length TonB and a truncated TonB were modified to carry a sole cysteine at position 3. Both full‐length TonB and truncated TonB (consisting of the amino‐terminal two‐thirds) achieved identical conformations in the cytoplasmic membrane, as determined by their abilities to cross‐link to the cytoplasmic membrane protein ExbB and their abilities to respond conformationally to the presence or absence of proton motive force. Full‐length TonB could be amino‐terminally labelled in vivo, suggesting that it was periplasmically exposed. In contrast, truncated TonB, which did not associate with the outer membrane, was not specifically labelled in vivo. The truncated TonB also acted as a control for leakage of OGM across the cytoplasmic membrane. Further, the extent of labelling for full‐length TonB correlated roughly with the proportion of TonB found at the outer membrane. These findings suggest that TonB does indeed disengage from the cytoplasmic membrane during energy transduction and shuttle to the outer membrane.
Feature-based likelihood ratios for speaker recognition from linguistically-constrained formant-based i-vectors

In this paper, a probabilistic model is introduced to obtain feature-based likelihood ratios from linguistically-constrained formant-based i-vectors in a NIST SRE task. Linguistically-constrained formant-based i-vectors summarize both the static and dynamic information of formant frequencies in the occurrences of a given linguistic unit in a speech recording. In this work, a two-covariance model is applied to these “higher-level” features in order to obtain likelihood ratios through a probabilistic framework. While the performance of the individual linguistically-constrained systems are not comparable to that of a state-of-the-art cepstral-based system, calibration loss is low enough, providing informative likelihood ratios that can be directly used, for instance, in forensic applications. Furthermore, this procedure avoids the need for further calibration steps, which usually require additional datasets. Finally, the fusion of several linguistically-constrained systems greatly improves the overall performance, achieving very remarkable re-sults for a system solely based on formant features. Testing on the English-only trials of the core condition of the NIST 2006 SRE (and using only NIST SRE 2004 and 2005 data for background and development, respectively), we report equal error rates of 8.47% and 9.88% for male and female speakers respectively, using only formant frequencies as speaker discriminative information.
Understanding the mechanism linking interpersonal traits to pro‐social behaviors among salespeople: lessons from India

Purpose – Factors such as globalization and market size have made India a major consideration for multinational firms and their salespeople. Despite the appeal of the market, the majority of theories and empirical studies of sales have been based on Western thought and within a Western context. This study seeks to address the issue of what interpersonal traits impel outcomes and behaviors of Indian salespeople.Design/methodology/approach – A model was tested using survey data collected from salespeople and their respective sales managers within a print media company located in India. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.Findings – The results suggest an interesting interplay between interpersonal traits and pro‐social sales behaviors. Empathy proneness was positively related to helping behaviors targeted at other salespeople, while guilt proneness was positively associated with behaviors targeted at customers.Practical implications – The research suggests that a salesperson's capaci.
Operating Systems for Computer Networks

The last decade has seen the rapid evolution of computer communication networks from research curiosities to operational utilities. The Arpanet,1for example, currently supports communication among more than 100 computer systems and is used daily by hundreds of users. Commercial networks, such as Telenet2in the United States and Datapac3in Canada, have very bright futures. One attraction of these networks is their ability to provide access to a wide variety of resources distributed among the connected computers.
Understanding defences and defensiveness in social work

All human beings have defences some of which are unconscious, that is, reactions that for the most part lie beyond our immediate awareness and control. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the important role that defences play in social work and to identify the knowledge and skills that are needed when working with anxieties that lead to defensive behaviour. The paper is in two parts. The first provides a theoretical account of what is meant by the term defences, anxiety, resistance and related concepts, and then goes on to describe a number of key defences that are regularly encountered in social work, and in other related fields of practice. A second section looks at how we can work creatively with unconscious, defensive reactions and resistances, particularly the importance of containing anxiety. It describes how transference, counter-transference and projective identification can aid our understanding and help to illuminate the feelings, fears and fantasies that are evident in our work.
Ray-tracing codec for structured light 3D camera

In this paper, we present a new method for decoding pixel correspondences in structured light based 3D reconstruction, refer to here as Ray-Tracing codec. The key idea of Ray-Tracing codec is to correctly define the region boundaries in real number, for each layer of the Hierarchical Orthogonal Code (HOC) based on an accurate boundary estimator, and to inherit the correct region boundaries between layers sharing common boundaries. Furthermore, each region in lower layer is traced back to the upper layer for the correct correspondence between regions. This is an improvement over existing HOC decoding algorithms as the wrong decoded pixel correspondences can be greatly reduced. The experimental results have shown that the proposed Ray-Tracing codec significantly enhances the robustness and precision in depth imaging, compare with HOC and other well-known conventional approach. The proposed approach opens a greater feasibility of applying structured light based depth imaging to a 3D modeling of cluttered workspace for home service robots.
Anterior lumbar interbody fusion in comparison with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: implications for the restoration of foraminal height, local disc angle, lumbar lordosis, and sagittal balance.

OBJECT A primary consideration of all spinal fusion procedures is restoration of normal anatomy, including disc height, lumbar lordosis, foraminal decompression, and sagittal balance. To the authors' knowledge, there has been no direct comparison of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) concerning their capacity to alter those parameters. The authors conducted a retrospective radiographic analysis directly comparing ALIF with TLIF in their capacity to alter foraminal height, local disc angle, and lumbar lordosis. METHODS The medical records and radiographs of 32 patients undergoing ALIF and 25 patients undergoing TLIF from between 2000 and 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data and radiographic measurements, including preoperative and postoperative foraminal height, local disc angle, and lumbar lordosis, were obtained. Statistical analyses included mean values, 95% confidence intervals, and intraobserver/interobserver reliability for the measurements that were performed. RESULTS Our results indicate that ALIF is superior to TLIF in its capacity to restore foraminal height, local disc angle, and lumbar lordosis. The ALIF procedure increased foraminal height by 18.5%, whereas TLIF decreased it by 0.4%. In addition, ALIF increased the local disc angle by 8.3 degrees and lumbar lordosis by 6.2 degrees, whereas TLIF decreased the local disc angle by 0.1 degree and lumbar lordosis by 2.1 degrees. CONCLUSIONS The ALIF procedure is superior to TLIF in its capacity to restore foraminal height, local disc angle, and lumbar lordosis. The improved radiographic outcomes may be an indication of improved sagittal balance correction, which may lead to better long-term outcomes as shown by other studies. Our data, however, demonstrated no difference in clinical outcome between the two groups at the 2-year follow-up.
A Comparison of Sensor Strategies for Capturing Percussive Gestures

Drum controllers designed by researchers and commercial companies use a variety of techniques for capturing percussive gestures. It is challenging to obtain both quick response times and low-level data (such as position) that contain expressive information. This research is a comprehensive study of current methods to evaluate the available strategies and technologies. This study aims to demonstrate the benefits and detriments of the current state of percussion controllers as well as yield tools for those who would wish to conduct this type of study in the future.
Does Dementia Caregiving Accelerate Frailty? Findings From the Health and Retirement Study.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Numerous studies have discovered negative health consequences associated with spousal caregiving at the end of life; however, little is known about how care-recipient cognitive status impacts caregiver health outcomes, specifically in the area of frailty, and whether health consequences remain over time. This study examines differences in frailty between spousal caregivers of persons with and without a dementia diagnosis. DESIGN AND METHODS Using 7 biannual waves of the Health and Retirement Study data (1998-2010), we examined odds of becoming frailer among surviving spouses of individuals who died between 2000 and 2010 (N = 1,246) with and without dementia. To assess increased frailty, we used a Frailty Index, which assesses chronic diseases, mobility, functional status, depressive symptoms, and subjective health. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between care-recipient cognitive status and whether, compared with the wave prior to death of the care-recipient, spousal caregivers were frailer: (1) in the wave the death was reported and (2) 2 years after the death was reported. RESULTS Dementia caregivers had 40.5% higher odds of experiencing increased frailty by the time the death was reported and 90% higher odds in the following wave compared with non-dementia caregivers. IMPLICATIONS Given our findings, we discuss public health implications regarding the health and well-being of caregivers of persons with dementia. Given projected increases in dementia diagnoses as the population ages, we propose a need for interventions that provide enhanced support for dementia caregivers.
Bricoleurs in preschool: girls poaching horror media and gendered discourses

Children's experiences and understandings are often marginalised in discussions of their own television viewing. Moreover, rarely is attention paid to the meaning children make from and with the ideas and images in media, much less in horror movies. This inquiry examines the horror media talk of a preschool girl in a poor and working-class preschool programme in a conservative Christian area in the Southern United States. One extended story by Jakaysha, a five-year-old African-American girl, is the focus of this paper. Using multiple post-structural theories including Davies' fluidity and Bakhtinian text mapping, we examine the contrasting gendered discourses in her narrative. Combining characters ‘poached’ from various media with discourses from her local community, she creates new horror media. In one reading of her tale, she uses horror to justify a departure from feminised subjectivities, while in another feminised expectations prevail, speaking to the multiple gendered subjectivities for girls.
An area-efficient architecture for stochastic LDPC decoder

Stochastic computation is an excellent approach for low-density parity-check codes decoding. By adding edge memories at each edge in the Tanner graph, fully parallel hardware implementation can be designed with much lower wire complexity. This feature can alleviate the wire congestion in conventional Min-Sum decoders. However, edge memories occupy large physical area percentage of variable node and cause large dynamic power dissipation. In this paper, we propose an area-efficient counter based structure for variable nodes. In order to reduce the area of variable nodes, we eliminate the edge memories in all variable nodes and reuse the counter designed to function the hard-decision to trace the probability of the prior message. The value boundary of the counter is enlarged to record the probability more precisely, and the value of the counter is compared with a random number to determine the output of variable nodes. We also reuse parts of some sub-units in variable nodes to build others. As a result, for LDPC codes of 10GBASE-T (IEEE 802.3an-2006), the proposed structure of variable node can reduce 88.3% EM based variable node area.
Reliable multicast with network coding

Reliable multicast, the lossless dissemination of data from one sender to a group of receivers, has a wide range of important applications like software update and dissemination of stock quotes. Recently, network coding has been applied to the reliable multicast in wireless networks, where the sender encodes multiple lost packets together into one packet and uses a single retransmission to potentially recover multiple packet losses, resulting in a significant reduction of band-width consumption. In this paper, we provide a review of recent research works in this area, examine their advantages and limitations, and also present some open research challenges need to be addressed in the future.
Effects of Genistein in Over-the-Counter Phytoestrogen Supplements on Ovarian Cancer Cells

β-Estradiol hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used by perimenopausal and postmenopausal women to alleviate menopausal symptoms. HRT can upregulate cell proliferation in estrogen responsive tissues. We focused on using over-the-counter (OTC) phytoestrogen supplements that are high in genistein as an alternative to HRT. Using ovarian cancer cells OVCAR-3, we exposed the cells to various OTC phytoestrogen supplements, and performed cell proliferation assays to measure the response. We found OTC phytoestrogens had an antiproliferative effect on the OVCAR-3 cells, but there is no correlation between the amount of genistein and the strength of the antiproliferative effect of the phytoestrogen. In conclusion, we propose taking phytoestrogen supplements as an alternative to β-Estradiol HRT.
Effectiveness and Efficiency of Cross-Border Knowledge Transfer: An Empirical Examination

Based on a sample of 102 US organizations, this study examines the impact of knowledge characteristics, recipient learning intent, source attractiveness, and relationship quality on the effectiveness and efficiency of knowledge transfer from the international business affiliates of these organizations. Findings indicate that recipient learning intent and source attractiveness positively impact the effectiveness of knowledge transfer. In addition, recipient learning intent was found to have a positive effect on knowledge transfer efficiency. In particular, results highlight the strong positive impact that the quality of the relationship between the source and the recipient has on both the efficiency and effectiveness of cross-border knowledge transfer. The study also indicates that knowledge value is positively associated with recipient learning intent and that knowledge value, rarity and non-substitutability influence source attractiveness. Finally, findings suggest that the relationship between knowledge characteristics and knowledge transfer is partially mediated by recipient learning intent and source attractiveness.
A high-speed sample-and-hold technique using a Miller hold capacitance

A technique for increasing the precision of open-loop sample-and-hold circuits without significantly reducing their sampling rate is introduced. With this technique, the sampling error resulting from input-dependent charge injection in the sampling switch is significantly attenuated by sampling the input voltage onto a capacitance that is small during the sample mode but is, in effect, increased during the hold mode through the use of Miller feedback. A sample-and-hold circuit based on this approach has been designed and fabricated in a 1-&mu;m CMOS technology, and an order-of-magnitude reduction in the input-dependent charge injection has been verified experimentally. This circuit is capable of sampling an input to a precision of 8 b with an acquisition time of only 5 ns
Relaxin Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression

Purpose: To understand the role of relaxin peptide in prostate cancer, we analyzed the expression of relaxin and its receptor in human prostate cancer samples, the effects of relaxin signaling on cancer cell phenotype in vitro, and the effects of increased serum relaxin concentrations on cancer progression in vivo. Experimental Design: The relaxin and its receptor leucine-rich repeat containing G protein–coupled receptor 7 (LGR7) expression were studied by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (11 benign and 44 cancer tissue samples) and by relaxin immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing 10 normal and 69 cancer samples. The effects of relaxin treatment and endogenous relaxin/LGR7 suppression via short interfering RNA in PC-3 and LNCaP cells were analyzed in vitro. The effect of transgenic relaxin overexpression [Tg(Rln1)] on cancer growth and survival was evaluated in autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP). Results: The relaxin mRNA expression was significantly higher in recurrent prostate cancer samples. In tissue microarrays of the 10 normal tissues, 8 had low staining in epithelial cells, whereas only 1 of 9 high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions had low expression (P = 0.005) and only 29 of 65 cancers had low expression (P = 0.047). Stimulation with relaxin increased cell proliferation, invasiveness, and adhesion in vitro. The suppression of relaxin/LGR7 via short interfering RNAs decreased cell invasiveness by 90% to 95% and growth by 10% to 25% and increased cell apoptosis 0.6 to 2.2 times. The Tg(Rln1) TRAMP males had shorter median survival time, associated with the decreased apoptosis of tumor cells, compared with non-Tg(Rln1) TRAMP animals. Conclusions: Relaxin signaling plays a role in prostate cancer progression.
Network delay tomography

The substantial overhead of performing internal network monitoring motivates techniques for inferring spatially localized information about performance using only end-to-end measurements. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for inferring the queuing delay distributions across internal links in the network based solely on unicast, end-to-end measurements. The major contributions are: 1) we formulate a measurement procedure for estimation and localization of delay distribution based on end-to-end packet pairs; 2) we develop a simple way to compute maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm; 3) we develop a new estimation methodology based on recently proposed nonparametric, wavelet-based density estimation method; and 4) we optimize the computational complexity of the EM algorithm by developing a new fast Fourier transform implementation. Realistic network simulations are carried out using network-level simulator ns-2 to demonstrate the accuracy of the estimation procedure.
A Case-Based Approach Using Behavioural Biometrics to Determine a User's Stress Level

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Jezikovno neodvisno modeliranje pregibnega jezika Mirjam Sepesy Maučec , Tomaž Rotovnik , Bogomir Horvat

This article concerns statistical language modelling of Slovenian language for automatic speech recognition. We investigate various techniques for overcoming the difficulties in modelling highly inflected languages. Slavic languages are particularly challenging languages and Slovenian language is one of them. Two main problems arise when modelling Slovenian language in comparison to English. The first problem is high OOV rate, caused by high number of inflected word forms. The second problem is a relatively relaxed word order. Slovenian language uses inflections to do what English does by word order. This presentation discusses how to alleviate the problems by choosing different basic units. We discuss the ability of two different models. The first model uses sub-word units and the second classes of words. Sub-word units are chosen to be stems and endings. Class model groups together inflections and derivations of the same root by using approximate string matching and hierarchical clustering. Only data-driven methods are employed and no linguistic knowledge is used. We show that new models improve OOV (Out-Of-Vocabulary) rate, perplexity and speech recognition performance.