Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Elevvård i grundskolan : Resurser, organisering och praktik

The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse the organization, resources and practice of pupil welfare work in municipal compulsory schools. In one study, telephone interviews with head masters from a random sample of 100 municipal compulsory schools have been carried out. A second study is based on material from two case studies, where the work of the pupil welfare team members and the everyday organizing of pupil welfare, are scrutinized. The distribution of special pupil welfare resources varied considerably. Almost one-third of the variation could be explained by organizational and structural variables included in a regression analysis. Practically all schools in the sample had a school nurse, while school social workers and in particular school psychologists, were available to a lesser extent. Regarding the latter two professions, the results indicate that these resources are allocated to pupils of different age groups. The involvement of different kinds of municipal service in pupil welfare work is becoming a common form of organization. The case studies show that these service units can become influential actors in the organizing of local pupil welfare work. School nurses appear to be an institutionalized resource, with regard to their presence in schools and the content of their work. The school social worker lacks a specific technology of her own that distinguishes her work from other professions. School social work is performed by several professions and for some tasks domain conflicts can arouse. These conflicts can to a certain degree be rooted in the enhanced consultative role of the pupil welfare specialists, which affects the division of labour between the actors. The pupil welfare meetings studied in the case studies where characterized by asymmetrical relationships, where little space were given for pupils and their parents to be actively involved in the decision-making process.
In Praise of Pattern

The exploration of pattern may be usefully regarded as the strongest point of intersection between the computational strictures of text analysis and the open-ended interpretive landscape of literary studies. Seeing computational analysis in literary studies as a quest for interpretations inspired by pattern can, moreover, lead to a change in the perception of text analysis among more mainstream literary critics by moving the hermeneutical justification of the activity away from the denotative realm of science and toward the more broadly rhetorical and exegetical practices of the humanities. This article presents the author’s creation of StageGraph -- a tool for the visualization of dramatic structure -- as a “narrative of process” and uses it to consider the implications of such a change against the broader backdrop of literary studies. By embracing a more humanistic vision of computational work, the author argues, text analysis can take its rightful place in the spectrum of critical tools.
Towards Semantic Modeling of Contradictions and Disagreements: A Case Study of Medical Guidelines

We introduce a formal distinction between contradictions and disagreements in natural language texts, motivated by the need to formally reason about contradictory medical guidelines. This is a novel and potentially very useful distinction, and has not been discussed so far in NLP and logic. We also describe a NLP system capable of automated finding contradictory medical guidelines; the system uses a combination of text analysis and information retrieval modules. We also report positive evaluation results on a small corpus of contradictory medical recommendations.
Impacts of Spatial Variability on Aboveground Biomass Estimation from L-Band Radar in a Temperate Forest

Estimation of forest aboveground biomass (AGB) has become one of the main challenges of remote sensing science for global observation of carbon storage and changes in the past few decades. We examine the impact of plot size at different spatial resolutions, incidence angles, and polarizations on the forest biomass estimation using L-band polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar data acquired by NASA’s Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) airborne system. Field inventory data from 32 1.0 ha plots (AGB 0.5 ha), suggesting a stability of field-estimated biomass at scales of about 1.0 ha. UAVSAR backscatter was linked to the field estimates of aboveground biomass to develop parametric equations based on polarized returns to accurately map biomass over the entire radar image. Radar backscatter values at all three polarizations (HH, VV, HV) were positively correlated with field aboveground biomass at all four spatial scales, with the highest correlation at the 1.0 ha scale. Among polarizations, the cross-polarized HV had the highest sensitivity to field estimated aboveground biomass (R2 = 0.68). Algorithms were developed that combined three radar backscatter polarizations (HH, HV, and VV) to estimate aboveground biomass at the four spatial scales. The predicted aboveground biomass from these algorithms resulted in decreasing estimation error as the pixel size increased, with the best results at the 1 ha scale with an R2 of 0.67 (p < 0.0001), and an overall RMSE of 44 Mg·ha−1. For AGB < 150 Mg·ha−1, the error reduced to 23 Mg·ha−1 (±15%), suggesting an improved AGB prediction below the L-band sensitivity range to biomass. Results also showed larger bias in aboveground biomass estimation from radar at smaller scales that improved at larger spatial scales of 1.0 ha with underestimation of −3.62 Mg·ha−1 over the entire biomass range.
Measurement bias detection with Kronecker product restricted models for multivariate longitudinal data: an illustration with health-related quality of life data from thirteen measurement occasions

Highlights Application of Kronecker product to construct parsimonious structural equation models for multivariate longitudinal data. A method for the investigation of measurement bias with Kronecker product restricted models. Application of these methods to health-related quality of life data from bone metastasis patients, collected at 13 consecutive measurement occasions. The use of curves to facilitate substantive interpretation of apparent measurement bias. Assessment of change in common factor means, after accounting for apparent measurement bias. Longitudinal measurement invariance is usually investigated with a longitudinal factor model (LFM). However, with multiple measurement occasions, the number of parameters to be estimated increases with a multiple of the number of measurement occasions. To guard against too low ratios of numbers of subjects and numbers of parameters, we can use Kronecker product restrictions to model the multivariate longitudinal structure of the data. These restrictions can be imposed on all parameter matrices, including measurement invariance restrictions on factor loadings and intercepts. The resulting models are parsimonious and have attractive interpretation, but require different methods for the investigation of measurement bias. Specifically, additional parameter matrices are introduced to accommodate possible violations of measurement invariance. These additional matrices consist of measurement bias parameters that are either fixed at zero or free to be estimated. In cases of measurement bias, it is also possible to model the bias over time, e.g., with linear or non-linear curves. Measurement bias detection with Kronecker product restricted models will be illustrated with multivariate longitudinal data from 682 bone metastasis patients whose health-related quality of life (HRQL) was measured at 13 consecutive weeks.
Early hypomethylation of 2'-O-ribose moieties in hepatocyte cytoplasmic ribosomal RNA underlies the protein synthetic defect produced by CCl4

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment of rats produces an early defect in methylation of hepatocyte ribosomal RNA, which occurs concurrently with a defect in the protein synthetic capacity of isolated ribosomes. The CCl4-induced methylation defect is specific for the 2'-O-ribose position, and a corresponding proportional increase in m7G base methylation occurs in vivo. Undermethylated ribosomal subunits (rRNA) from CCl4-treated preparations can be methylated in vitro to a much greater extent than those from control preparations, and in vitro methylation restores their functional capacity. In vitro methylation of treated ribosomal subunits (which restores functional capacity) occurs at 2'-O-ribose positions (largely G residues). In contrast, in vitro methylation of control ribosomal subunits (which does not affect functional activity) represents base methylation as m7G, sites which are apparently methylated in treated preparations in vivo. Methylation/demethylation of 2'-O-ribose sites in rRNA exposed on the surface of cytoplasmic ribosomal subunits may represent an important cellular mechanism for controlling protein synthesis in quiescent hepatocytes, and it appears that CCl4 disrupts protein synthesis by inhibiting this 2'-O-ribose methylation.
On chip electrofusion of single human B cells and mouse myeloma cells for efficient hybridoma generation

This article describes the development and full characterization of a microfluidic chip for electrofusion of human peripheral blood B‐cells and mouse myeloma (NS‐1) cells to generate hybridomas. The chip consists of an array of 783 traps, with dimensions that were optimized to obtain a final cell pairing efficiency of 33±6%. B cells were stained with a cytoplasmic stain CFDA to assess the different stages of cell fusion, i.e. dye transfer to NS‐1 cells (initiating fusion) and membrane reorganization (advanced fusion). Six DC pulses of 100 μs (2.5 kV/cm) combined with an AC field (30 s, 2 MHz, 500 V/cm) and pronase treatment resulted in the highest electrofusion efficiency of paired cells (51±11%). Hybridoma formation, with a yield of 0.33 and 1.2%, was observed after culturing the fused cells for 14 days in conditioned medium. This work provides valuable leads to improve the current electrofusion protocols for the production of human antibodies for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Performance Evaluation of Incremental Eigenspace Models for Mobile Robot Localization

We address the problem of robot localization based on eigenspace representations of a collection of views of the workspace, often referred to as appearance based methods. We study several approaches to build such eigenspaces in an incremental fashion (subspace tracking), thereby allowing the simultaneous localization and mapping of a mobile vehicle. We see how different ways of determining whether or not new information (images) should be included in the eigenspace model lead to dier ent error values and model size (complexity). The performance evaluation allows us to know which criterion and parameters to use in a specic application to meet error specic ations subject to computational constraints.
Instrument recognition in polyphonic music based on automatic taxonomies

We propose a new approach to instrument recognition in the context of real music orchestrations ranging from solos to quartets. The strength of our approach is that it does not require prior musical source separation. Thanks to a hierarchical clustering algorithm exploiting robust probabilistic distances, we obtain a taxonomy of musical ensembles which is used to efficiently classify possible combinations of instruments played simultaneously. Moreover, a wide set of acoustic features is studied including some new proposals. In particular, signal to mask ratios are found to be useful features for audio classification. This study focuses on a single music genre (i.e., jazz) but combines a variety of instruments among which are percussion and singing voice. Using a varied database of sound excerpts from commercial recordings, we show that the segmentation of music with respect to the instruments played can be achieved with an average accuracy of 53%.
Managing in a crisis: How can Asian organizations support and promote cooperative responses from employees?

As we experience increasingly more disasters and crises, particularly in the Asian region, organizations face challenges managing their employees’ psychological reactions and behaviors during and after a crisis. The collectivist culture typical of many Asian countries is a potential advantage in eliciting cooperative behaviors at such times. This presentation will briefly discuss a qualitative study of the experiences of hospital employees working in a Singaporean hospital during the 2003 SARS outbreak. In thi s research, participants attended two successive interviews designed to build rapport and to allow in-depth examination of the employee’s experiences. In the first interview, participants were asked to describe their experiences working during SARS, the actions they perceived the hospital took, and their own actions at work during that period. In the second interview, participants were shown the organizational actions and employee actions that had been discussed in the first round of interviews. Using a car d sort technique, participants were then encouraged to discuss their own actions and the hospital’s actions and to give reasons for each. The data indicated that many of the individual actions were voluntary and philanthropic - employees took on many extra tasks and put themselves into situations of great risk, typical of organizationa l citizenship behaviors but performed under considerable duress. The data also showed that employees felt great pride in the actions taken by the hospital, and a professional sense of working together in the “battle against SARS” inspired individuals to engage in voluntary behaviours beyond job requirements. Many well-established concepts emerged from the data: extra-role behaviors, altruism, organizational commitment, organizational identification, and professionalism. The findings suggest that the concept of professionali sm requires further examination and a model linking professional and organizational identification/commitments and OCBs is proposed. It is hoped that discussion of this paper will help clarify the theoretical framework and identify practical interventions that can support and promote cooperative responses of employees in a crisis. Such practices may well influence Asian
Accumulation of Electrophilic Aldehydes During Postovulatory Aging of Mouse Oocytes Causes Reduced Fertility, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis1

ABSTRACT With increasing periods of time following ovulation, the metaphase II (MII)-stage oocyte experiences overproduction of reactive oxygen species and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation that are implicitly linked with functional deficiencies acquired during postovulatory oocyte aging. We have demonstrated that the electrophilic aldehydes 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), malondialdehyde, and acrolein are by-products of nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation in the murine MII-stage oocyte, adducting to multiple proteins within the cell. The covalent modification of oocyte proteins by these aldehydes increased with extended periods of time postovulation; the mitochondrial protein succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) was identified as a primary target for 4HNE adduction. Time- and dose-dependent studies revealed that exposure to elevated levels of electrophilic aldehydes causes mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, lipid peroxidation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and eventual apoptosis within the MII oocyte, presumably as a consequence of electron transport chain collapse following SDHA adduction. Additionally, we have determined that short-term exposure to low doses of 4HNE dramatically impairs the oocyte's ability to participate in fertilization and support embryonic development; however, this loss of functionality can be prevented by supplementation with the antioxidant penicillamine. In conclusion, this study has revealed that the accumulation of electrophilic aldehydes is linked to postovulatory oocyte aging, causing reduced fertility, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of this highly specialized cell. These data highlight the importance of timely fertilization of the mammalian oocyte postovulation and emphasize the potential advantages associated with antioxidant supplementation of oocyte culture medium in circumstances where reinsemination of oocytes may be desirable (i.e., rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection), or where in vitro fertilization may be delayed.
A general SVM algorithm for multilevel converters considering zero-sequence component control

Space vector modulation (SVM) scheme plays a significant role in high-voltage high-power applications of multilevel converters for its good performance. This paper presents a novel general SVM algorithm for multilevel converters. It includes two parts: one is control of fundamental component of three-phase outputs corresponding to reference vector; the other one is control of zero-sequence component of converter for additional goals. The algorithm in which a special coordinate transformation is introduced can easily identify the three vertices of small triangle that reference vector falls into, as well as corresponding duration time. And different objectives of multilevel converters can be accomplished with appropriate selection of zero-sequence components in each sampling period. This algorithm can be easily implemented without calculation of trigonometric function, and is applicable to different topologies with any number of levels. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify advantages of the algorithm.
Behavioral and Neural Evidence of Incentive Bias for Immediate Rewards Relative to Preference-Matched Delayed Rewards

Several theories of self-control [including intertemporal bargaining (Ainslie, 1992) and self-signaling (Bodner and Prelec, 2001)] imply that intertemporal decisions can be more farsighted than would be predicted by the incentive associated with rewards outside a decision context. We examined this hypothesis using behavior and functional neuroimaging. First, subjects expressed preferences between amounts of money delayed by 4 months and smaller amounts available that day. This allowed us to establish “indifference pairs” individualized to each participant: immediate and delayed amounts that were equally preferred. Participants subsequently performed a reaction time functional magnetic resonance imaging task (Knutson et al., 2001a) that provided them with distinct opportunities to win each of the rewards that comprised the indifference pairs. Anatomical region of interest analysis as well as whole-brain analysis indicated greater response recruited by the immediate rewards (relative to the preference-matched delayed rewards) in regions previously implicated as sensitive to incentive value using the same task (including bilateral putamen, bilateral anterior insula, and midbrain). Reaction time to the target was also faster during the immediate relative to delayed reward trials (p < 0.01), and individual differences in reaction time between immediate versus delayed reward trials correlated with variance in magnetic resonance signal in those clusters that responded preferentially to immediate rewards (r = 0.33, p < 0.05). These findings indicate a discrepancy in incentive associated with the immediate versus the preference-matched delayed rewards. This discrepancy may mark the contribution of self-control processes that are recruited during decision-making but that are absent when rewards are individually anticipated.
Description of dementia caregiver uplifts and implications for occupational therapy.

OBJECTIVE Most occupational therapy interventions for caregivers are designed to reduce negative consequences of caregiving by building skills to manage problem behaviors and dependence. However, therapists may be missing an opportunity to provide interventions that directly help caregivers to emphasize and act on positive aspects of care. We describe care-related thinking and action processes of long-term caregivers who report positive effects related to caring for a spouse with dementia. METHOD We analyzed data from 15 experienced and uplifted (reporting improved well-being from caregiving) spouse caregivers to describe how they think about and carry out their care duties. RESULTS We describe two primary themes of caregiver thinking and action: (1) engaging in positive behaviors and (2) making adjustments in attitudes. CONCLUSION These findings support a new focus for occupational therapy caregiver intervention that promotes a positive approach to thinking about and enacting care tasks.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Plasmid-Bearing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain SNUV175, a Probiotic for Women’s Health Isolated from the Vagina of a Healthy South Korean Woman

ABSTRACT Lactobacillus fermentum SNUV175 has been identified as a probiotic strain that inhibits pathogenic microorganisms related to women’s health. We present the complete genomic sequence of the strain L. fermentum SNUV175 isolated from the vagina of a South Korean woman. This genomic information may provide insight into the functional activity of this strain.
Pneumocystis jirovecii in a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen on ThinPrep® cytology

A 79-year-old female was seen for respiratory failure and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. She had a hip replacement 6 months prior to admission and had not been feeling well since. Approximately 4 months prior, she was found to have autoimmune hemolytic anemia, specifically cold agglutinin disease, for which she was placed on prednisone and rituximab. A month later, she developed a deep vein thrombosis and subsequent pulmonary embolus and was placed on warfarin. A CT scan on admission showed nodular opacities in the right lung. A bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and processed using ThinPrep liquid based technology, which was negative for malignancy, but contained collections of organisms morphologically consistent with Pneumocystis jirovecii (Fig. C-1). Concurrent samples for calciflour white and toluidine blue were also positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii (Figs. C-2 and C-3). Pneumocystis was long thought to be a protozoan. DNA studies in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s determined Pneumocystis to be a fungus that is species specific; thus the name was changed to P. jirovecii in honor of Otto Jiroveci, who first described the human form. Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) increased significantly in the early 1980’s and was found to be associated with HIV. PCP has been the most common AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in the US. In the late 1990’s, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) became available for HIV-positive patients and the number of cases of Pneumocystis infections dropped significantly. The incidence of PCP in non-HIV patients has historically been rare, but is often more severe. Due to increased use of immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic agents, there have been increased numbers of reported cases in the recent literature. However, this increase may be offset by the use of PCP prophylaxis. Thus, the true incidence is difficult to determine. PCP is more likely found in bronchial washings, which sample the distal bronchial and alveolar spaces with diagnostic yield reported to be 82–94%. In BAL specimens, foamy alveolar casts can be identified and typically show clusters of organisms that are spherical to ovoid with a smooth contour. There is a frothy or bubbly appearance to the cast, which ultrastructurally is due to filopodia connecting the organisms. Although a variety of routine stains have been reported to visualize Pneumocystis in BAL specimens, including Giemsa, Wright, Gram, Hematoxylin, and eosin, the casts can be readily identified with Papanicolaou stain. Additionally, organisms stained by the Papanicolaou method give a distinct yellow-green fluorescence when viewed under ultraviolet light. The background in BAL specimens is typically clean. Potential mimics of P. jirovecii include erythrocytes, mucus, keratin, or Candida species in which case Grocott methenamine silver (GMS) may be helpful. In spite of the vigorous mixing in automated ThinPrep slide processing, these alveolar casts remained intact in this case.