Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis and Threats Detection Techniques on Docker Container

Docker container technology is an emerging virtualization technology which has a very high efficiency in the phases of development and deployment. Although Docker container technology shows better convenience than traditional virtualization technology—virtual machine, it suffers the poor security due to the unmatured auditing procedures of Docker image releasing. Thus, to protect the security of host computer or local Docker containers from the attacks of malicious Docker containers, it is necessary to detect the potential threats existing in Docker images and find the risks when Docker container instances run in the host computer. This paper gives a detailed analysis on Docker’s existing security mechanisms and the main threats Docker users must face. Finally, the corresponding threats detection techniques for Docker images and Docker container instances are presented, and the experiment result proves the effectivity of the proposed detection framework.
Ethnic differences in incidence of stroke: prospective study with stroke register

Abstract Objective: To identify ethnic differences in the incidence of first ever stroke. Design: A prospective community stroke register (1995-6) with multiple notification sources. Pathological classification of stroke in all cases was based on brain imaging or necropsy data. Rates were standardised to European and world populations and adjusted for age, sex, and social class in multivariate analysis. Setting: A multi-ethnic population of 234 533 in south London, of whom 21% are black. Results:612 strokes were registered. The crude annual incidence rate was 1.3 strokes per 1000 population per year (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 1.41) and 1.25 per 1000 population per year(1.15 to 1.35) age adjusted to the standard European population. Incidence rates adjusted for age and sex were significantly higher in black compared with white people (P<0.0001), with an incidence rate ratio of 2.21 (1.77 to 2.76). In multivariable analysis increasing age(P<0.0001), male sex (P<0.003), black ethnic group (P<0.0001), and lower social class (P<0.0001) in people aged 35-64 were independently associated with an increased incidence of stroke. Conclusions:Incidence rates of stroke are higher in the black population; this is not explained by confounders such as social class, age, and sex. Ethnic differences in genetic, physiological, and behavioural risk factors for stroke require further elucidation to aid development of effective strategies for stroke prevention in multi-ethnic communities.
Integrated specific star formation rates of galaxies, groups, and clusters : a continuous upper limit with stellar mass?

Aims. We investigate the build-up of stellar mass through star formation in field galaxies, galaxy groups, and clusters in order to better understand the physical processes regulating star formation in different haloes. Methods. In order to do so we relate ongoing star formation activity to the stellar mass by studying the integrated specific star formation rate (SSFR), defined as the star-formation rate per unit stellar mass, as a function of integrated stellar mass for samples of field galaxies, groups of galaxies, and galaxy clusters at $0.18 \le z \le 0.85$. The star formation rate (SFR) is derived from the ultraviolet continuum for the galaxies and group members, and from emission line fluxes for the cluster galaxies. The stellar masses are computed from multi-band photometry including the near-infrared bands for the galaxies and groups, and from the dynamical mass for the cluster sample. Results. For the first time, integrated SSFRs for clusters and groups are presented and related to the SSFRs of field galaxies. Tentatively, we find a continuous upper limit for galaxies, groups, and clusters in the SSFR-stellar mass plane over seven orders of magnitude in stellar mass. This might indicate that the physical processes which control star formation in dark matter haloes of different mass have the same scaling with mass over a wide range of masses from dwarf galaxies to massive clusters of galaxies.
Pancreatic cancer: a review of recent advances

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. Despite the advances of the molecular pathogenesis, pancreatic cancer remains a major unsolved health problem. Overall, the 5-year survival rate is < 5% and only ∼ 20% of the 10% of patients with resectable disease survive 5 years. Recently, the European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer 1 trial demonstrated substantially increased survival from adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil–folinic acid and preliminary data showed prolonged disease-free survival from adjuvant gemcitabine. Current palliative therapeutic approaches mostly focused on evaluating chemotherapy regimens in which gemcitabine is combined with a second cytotoxic agent. Recently, large randomised trials of combinations of gemcitabine with either capecitabine or with erlotinib demonstrated prolonged survival and 1-year survival rates of ∼ 25%. The advance of molecular biology has led to the elucidation of molecular events that are important for pancreatic carcinogenesis and has provided a foundation for the development of novel chemotherapeutic and biological agents that appear to be promising and are likely to play a future role in the treatment of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Manajemen pendidikan life skill (studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Life Skill Daarun Najaah Semarang)

Skripsi yang membahas manajemen pendidikan life skill di pondok pesantren. Dari judul tersebut diambil permasalahan ialah: (1) Bagaimana perencanaan pendidikan life skill di pondok pesantren DaarunNajaah Semarang? , (2) Bagaimana pengorganisasian pendidikan life skill di pondok pesantren DaarunNajaah Semarang, (3) Bagaimana pelaksanaan pendidikan life skill di pondok pesantren DaarunNajaah Semarang? , (4) Bagaimana evaluasi pendidikan life skill di pondok pesantren DaarunNajaah Semarang? Permasalahan tersebut dibahas melalui studi lapangan yang berada di Pondok Pesantren Life Skill Daarun Najaah Semarang. Pesantren tersebut dijadikan sebagai sumber data untuk mendapatkan gambaran desain manajemen penddikan life skill di pesantren. Datanya diperoleh dengan cara wawancara, observasi partisipan, studi dokumentasi dan triangulasi data. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini berupa teknik analisis deskriptif, yaitu metode analisis data yang berupa kata-kata, gambar dan bukan angka. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Tahap perencanaan: Pendidikan Life Skill di Pondok Pesantren Daarun Najaah pada aspek pencatatan yang belum dilakukan selain dengan jadwal kegiatan harian, mingguan, serta bulanan. (2) Tahap pengorganisasian: Pengorganisasian yang dilaksanakan sudah berjalan sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diinginkan di pondok pesantren Daarun Najaah, (3) Tahap pelaksanaan: Proses pelaksanaan pendidikan life skill sudah berjalan dengan baik,dari kegiatan yang dimulai dari kegiatan pagi sampai kegiatan malam hari, (4) Evaluasi: dalam evaluasi kegiatan pembelajaran pendidikan kecakapan hidup kurang efektif, karena belum ada indikator-indikator untuk proses pengevaluasian. Sedangkan saran untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut adalah mengadakan koordinasi semua pengurus serta pengasuh untuk memperbaiki masalah di atas agar dapat tercatat dengan maksimal serta mengetahui proses pencapain hasil dengan baik.
Genes dependent on zebrafish cyclops function identified by AFLP differential gene expression screen

Summary: Zebrafish cyclops (cyc) encodes a Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling factor closely related to mouse Nodal. By comparing amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) from cyc mutant and wild‐type cDNA pools, we devised a differential gene expression screen to isolate genes whose expression is dependent on Cyc signaling. We report two genes not previously described in the zebrafish that were identified using this approach. The first gene, crestin, is expressed predominantly in premigratory and migrating neural crest cells during somitogenesis stages. crestin expression is reduced in cyc mutants initially but recovers by late somitogenesis. The second gene encodes the zebrafish homologue of the calcium‐binding protein, calreticulin. Zebrafish calreticulin is highly expressed in the hatching gland and in the floor plate, tissues that are affected in cyc mutants. During gastrulation, calreticulin transcripts are found in the dorsal mesendoderm, in the same cells that express the cyc gene. Expression is reduced in cyc mutants and is abolished by the one‐eyed pinhead (oep) mutation that is presumed to prevent Nodal signaling. The identification of calreticulin suggests that a differential screen between wild‐type and mutant cDNA is a useful approach to reveal regulation of unexpected gene expression in response to cellular signals. genesis 26:86–97, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hepatitis B x Protein Inhibits p53-dependent DNA Repair in Primary Mouse Hepatocytes*

The mechanisms by which the hepatitis B x protein (HBx) contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. However, interaction with the tumor suppressor gene p53 and inhibition of p53-dependent cellular functions, including nucleotide excision repair, could be central to this process. We studied the levels of global repair (removal of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts) and transcription-coupled repair (removal of CPDs in both strands of the dihydrofolate reductase gene) in primary wild-type and p53-null mouse hepatocytes. We show that global repair of CPDs appears to be more efficient in mouse hepatocytes than in other commonly studied rodent cells and approaches the levels of human cells and that p53 is required for global genomic DNA repair of CPDs but not for transcription-coupled repair. We then investigated the effect of HBx expression on hepatocyte nucleotide excision repair. We demonstrate that HBx expression affects DNA repair in a p53-dependent manner. Transient HBx expression reduces global DNA repair in wild-type cells to the level ofp53-null hepatocytes and has no effect on the repair of a transfected damaged plasmid. Therefore, in viral hepatitis, the hepatitis B virus could inhibit thep53-dependent component of global repair leading, over time, to accumulation of genetic defects and fostering carcinogenesis.
Selective and rapid cell injection of fluorescence sensor encapsulated in liposome using optical control of zeta potential and local mechanical stimulus by optical tweezers

We developed selective and rapid injection of fluorescence sensor into the cell for intracellular measurement. The sensor encapsulated in the liposome contains photochromic chemical, 1, 3, 3-Trimethylindolino-6'- nitrobenzopyrylospiran, for optical control of zeta potential. The molecular structure of spiropyran changes between spiropyran type and merocyanine type by UV/VIS illumination. Zeta potential of merocyanine type is higher than that of spiropyran type. The charge of the liposomes are normally negative. Zeta potential of the liposome is switched from negative to positive by photoisomerization of spiropyran. Positive-charged liposome manipulated by optical tweezers adheres to the cell membrane by electrostatic force since the charge of the cell membrane is negative. The local vibration stimulus using optical tweezers is applied to the cell membrane for rapid injection of the sensor by membrane fusion and endocytosis. We demonstrated selective adhesion of the liposome to the cell membrane by optical control of zeta potential (adhesion rate: 71%). Moreover, we also demonstrated rapid injection of 1 μmφ fluorescence sensor (approximately 30 minutes, injection rate: 100%) into a cell using local vibration stimulus by optical tweezers.
Nonstationarity Modeling of Economic and Financial Time Series

Traditional techniques for analyzing time series are based on the notion of stationarity of phenomena under study, but in reality most economic and financial series do not verify this hypothesis, which implies the implementation of specific tools for the detection of such behavior. In this paper, we study nonstationary nonseasonal time series tests in a non-exhaustive manner. We formalize the problem of nonstationary processes with numerical simulations and take stock of their statistical characteristics. The theoretical aspects of some of the most common unit root tests will be discussed. We detail the specification of the tests, showing the advantages and disadvantages of each. The empirical study focuses on the application of these tests to the exchange rate (USD/TND) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Tunisia, in order to compare the Power of these tests with the characteristics of the series. Keywords—Stationarity, unit root tests, economic time series.
Shield Up: an addictive 2-dimensional play

In this paper, we describe a game called "Shield Up! " which is a fast paced 2--4 player space shooter. The game features 3-D graphics and sound capabilities, while maintaining simple but addictive 2-dimensional play. It requires fast reflexes and accurate timing in order to succeed in a rapid death-match. It is a complex software project, designed with object oriented methods in C++, OpenGL, OpenAL, and Berkeley socket/WinSock libraries. It was designed as part of an undergraduate project requirement and we describe the rules, design and implementation details of the game specifically in this paper. We highlight different problems associated to graphics, performance, speed, portability etc and how they were handled/eliminated throughout the paper.
Experimental Evaluation of the IP Address Space Randomisation (IASR) Technique and Its Disruption to Selected Network Services

Abstract : In recent years, some CND researchers and experts have been suggesting the use of MTD as a proactive cyber security approach. MTD is a set of network defense techniques such as randomization, deception, etc., that significantly increases the attackers work effort. One randomization technique, called IASR, periodically or a periodically makes random changes to the networks IP addresses. This makes it harder for attackers to achieve their goals. However, despite its security benefits, this defense technique disrupts the functioning of some network services. It is therefore important to understand the level of disruption that comes with the technique. In this work, we experimentally evaluate IASR and its disruptive effects on selected network services. Using VMs, we carried out this experiment by setting up a typical computer network that supports selected network services, namely ping, mail, web, and streaming video. We transformed a typical zoned computer network into a flat network and implemented IASR on it. Then, we executed the four selected network services during IASR and made observations on how disruptive the technology could be on these services. The results of our experimental evaluation show variations in performance degradation in some of the selected services when hosts IP addresses are changed during IASR, suggesting the need for IASR-aware services if this technology is to be effectively adopted for CND.
Distinct Domains of Musk Mediate Its Abilities to Induce and to Associate with Postsynaptic Specializations

Agrin released from motor nerve terminals activates a muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) in muscle cells to trigger formation of the skeletal neuromuscular junction. A key step in synaptogenesis is the aggregation of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the postsynaptic membrane, a process that requires the AChR-associated protein, rapsyn. Here, we mapped domains on MuSK necessary for its interactions with agrin and rapsyn. Myotubes from MuSK −/− mutant mice form no AChR clusters in response to agrin, but agrin-responsiveness is restored by the introduction of rat MuSK or a Torpedo orthologue. Thus, MuSK −/− myotubes provide an assay system for the structure–function analysis of MuSK. Using this system, we found that sequences in or near the first of four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains in MuSK are required for agrin responsiveness, whereas sequences in or near the fourth immunoglobulin-like domain are required for interaction with rapsyn. Analysis of the cytoplasmic domain revealed that a recognition site for the phosphotyrosine binding domain–containing proteins is essential for MuSK activity, whereas consensus binding sites for the PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1-like domain–containing proteins and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase are dispensable. Together, our results indicate that the ectodomain of MuSK mediates both agrin- dependent activation of a complex signal transduction pathway and agrin-independent association of the kinase with other postsynaptic components. These interactions allow MuSK not only to induce a multimolecular AChR-containing complex, but also to localize that complex to a primary scaffold in the postsynaptic membrane.
Prevalence of HBV core promoter/precore/core mutations in Gambian chronic carriers

One hundred forty‐two precore/core sequences were obtained from Gambian chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and the predominant variants defined. The two point mutations, from A to T and G to A at nt positions 1762 and 1764 in the basic core promoter region, were found in only 7/99 (7%) of the samples where this region was sequenced. These mutations were found in both HBeAg‐positive and ‐negative patients. The precore stop‐codon mutation at nt position 1896 was found in 14/51 (27%) of HBeAg‐negative samples, which is a lower prevalence rate in comparison with other parts of the world with high carrier rates. In HBeAg‐positive patients the core amino acid sequences were conserved, but after seroconversion to anti‐HBe significantly more changes were apparent. Several of the amino acid substitutions found have been described previously been in wild‐type viruses of other genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 65:664–670, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in hexokinase activity in echinochloa phyllopogon and echinochloa crus-pavonis in response to abiotic stress

Hexokinase (HXK; EC 2.7.1.1) regulates carbohydrate entry into glycolysis and is known to be a sensor for sugar-responsive gene expression. The effect of abiotic stresses on HXK activity was determined in seedlings of the flood-tolerant plant Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stev.) Koss and the flood-intolerant plant Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult grown aerobically for 5 d before being subjected to anaerobic, chilling, heat, or salt stress. HXK activity was stimulated in shoots of E. phyllopogon only by anaerobic stress. HXK activity was only transiently elevated in E. crus-pavonis shoots during anaerobiosis. In roots of both species, anoxia and chilling stimulated HXK activity. Thus, HXK is not a general stress protein but is specifically induced by anoxia and chilling in E. phyllopogon and E. crus-pavonis. In both species HXK exhibited an optimum pH between 8.5 and 9.0, but the range was extended to pH 7.0 in air-grown E. phyllopogon to 6.5 in N2-grown E. phyllopogon. At physiologically relevant pHs (6.8 and 7.3, N2 and O2 conditions, respectively), N2-grown seedlings retained greater HXK activity at the lower pH. The pH response suggests that in N2-grown seedlings HXK can function in a more acidic environment and that a specific isozyme may be important for regulating glycolytic activity during anaerobic metabolism in E. phyllopogon.
Prospective comparison of secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with manometry in the diagnosis of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction types II and III

Background: In sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM) predicts the response to sphincterotomy, but is invasive and associated with complications. Aim: To evaluate the role of secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (ss-MRCP) in predicting the results of SOM in patients with suspected type II or III SOD. Methods: MRCP was performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 5 and 7 min after intravenous secretin. SOD was diagnosed when the mean basal sphincter pressure at SOM was >40 mm Hg. Long-term outcome after SOM, with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy, was assessed using an 11-point (0–10) Likert scale. Results: Of 47 patients (male/female 9/38; mean age 46 years; range 27–69 years) referred for SOM, 27 (57%) had SOD and underwent biliary and/or pancreatic sphincterotomy. ss-MRCP was abnormal in 10/16 (63%) type II and 0/11 type III SOD cases. The diagnostic accuracy of ss-MRCP for SOD types II and III was 73% and 46%, respectively. During a mean follow-up of 31.6 (range 17–44) months, patients with normal SOM and SOD type II experienced a significant reduction in symptoms (mean Likert score 8 vs 4; p = 0.03, and 9 vs 1.6; p = 0.0002, respectively), whereas in patients with SOD type III, there was no improvement in pain scores. All patients with SOD and an abnormal ss-MRCP (n = 12) reported long-term symptom improvement (mean Likert score 9.2 v 1.2, p<0.001). Conclusions: ss-MRCP is insensitive in predicting abnormal manometry in patients with suspected type III SOD, but is useful in selecting patients with suspected SOD II who are most likely to benefit from endotherapy.
Content and Attributions of Caregiver Racial Socialization as Predictors of African American Adolescents’ Private Racial Regard

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of adolescents’ beliefs about socialization from caregivers (“attributions”) on the link between racial socialization and private regard. This research addresses the paucity of literature on adolescent attributions as a context for the relation between socialization and private regard. The independent roles of racial barrier, racial pride, and self-worth messages were examined. Adolescents’ attributions were defined as beliefs that race-based messages were coming from a parent-child relationship characterized by love, autonomy, and care. Moderation analyses on the sample of 88 African American and biracial youth (ages 11-14 years) revealed that for adolescents who placed more emphasis on a positive relationship quality as the purpose for receiving socialization, self-worth messages were associated with higher private regard. The findings support the importance of attending to adolescents’ attributions for socialization and the impact that it has on fostering positive feelings about being African American.
Sinus node dysfunction following targeted disruption of the murine cardiac sodium channel gene Scn5a

We have examined sino‐atrial node (SAN) function in hearts from adult mice with heterozygous targeted disruption of the Scn5a gene to clarify the role of Scn5a‐encoded cardiac Na+ channels in normal SAN function and the mechanism(s) by which reduced Na+ channel function might cause sinus node dysfunction. Scn5a+/− mice showed depressed heart rates and occasional sino‐atrial (SA) block. Their isolated peripheral SAN pacemaker cells showed a reduced Na+ channel expression and slowed intrinsic pacemaker rates. Wild‐type (WT) and Scn5a+/− SAN preparations exhibited similar activation patterns but with significantly slower SA conduction and frequent sino‐atrial conduction block in Scn5a+/− SAN preparations. Furthermore, isolated WT and Scn5a+/− SAN cells demonstrated differing correlations between cycle length, maximum upstroke velocity and action potential amplitude, and cell size. Small myocytes showed similar, but large myocytes reduced pacemaker rates, implicating the larger peripheral SAN cells in the reduced pacemaker rate that was observed in Scn5a+/− myocytes. These findings were successfully reproduced in a model that implicated iNa directly in action potential propagation through the SAN and from SAN to atria, and in modifying heart rate through a coupling of SAN and atrial cells. Functional alterations in the SAN following heterozygous‐targeted disruption of Scn5a thus closely resemble those observed in clinical sinus node dysfunction. The findings accordingly provide a basis for understanding of the role of cardiac‐type Na+ channels in normal SAN function and the pathophysiology of sinus node dysfunction and suggest new potential targets for its clinical management.