Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Quality in Online Social Networks: A Fast Unsupervised Social Spam Detection Method for Trending Topics

Online social networks (OSNs) provide data valuable for a tremendous range of applications such as search engines and recommendation systems. However, the easy-to-use interactive interfaces and the low barriers of publications have exposed various information quality (IQ) problems, decreasing the quality of user-generated content (UGC) in such networks. The existence of a particular kind of ill-intentioned users, so-called social spammers, imposes challenges to maintain an acceptable level of information quality. Social spammers simply misuse all services provided by social networks to post spam contents in an automated way. As a natural reaction, various detection methods have been designed, which inspect individual posts or accounts for the existence of spam. These methods have a major limitation in exploiting the supervised learning approach in which ground truth datasets are required at building model time. Moreover, the account-based detection methods are not practical for processing ”crawled” large collections of social posts, requiring months to process such collections. Post-level detection methods also have another drawback in adapting the dynamic behavior of spammers robustly, because of the weakness of the features of this level in discriminating among spam and non-spam tweets. Hence, in this paper, we introduce a design of an unsupervised learning approach dedicated for detecting spam accounts (or users) existing in large collections of Twitter trending topics. More precisely, our method leverages the available simple meta-data about users and the published posts (tweets) related to a topic, as a collective heuristic information, to find any behavioral correlation among spam users acting as a spam campaign. Compared to the account-based spam detection methods, our experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency of predicting spam accounts (users) in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure performance metrics.
Repression of the Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner by Steatotic Drugs and in Advanced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The small heterodimer partner (SHP) (NR0B2) is an atypical nuclear receptor that lacks a DNA-binding domain. It interacts with and inhibits many transcription factors, affecting key metabolic processes, including bile acid, cholesterol, fatty acid, and drug metabolism. Our aim was to determine the influence of steatotic drugs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on SHP expression and investigate the potential mechanisms. SHP was found to be repressed by steatotic drugs (valproate, doxycycline, tetracycline, and cyclosporin A) in cultured hepatic cells and the livers of different animal models of NAFLD: iatrogenic (tetracycline-treated rats), genetic (glycine N-methyltransferase–deficient mice), and nutritional (mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet). Among the different transcription factors investigated, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) showed the strongest dominant-repressive effect on SHP expression in HepG2 and human hepatocytes. Reporter assays revealed that the inhibitory effect of C/EBPα and steatotic drugs colocalize between −340 and −509 base pair of the SHP promoter, and mutation of a predicted C/EBPα response element at −473 base pair abolished SHP repression by both C/EBPα and drugs. Moreover, inhibition of major stress signaling pathways demonstrated that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 pathway activates, while the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway represses SHP in a C/EBP-dependent manner. We conclude that SHP is downregulated by several steatotic drugs and in advanced NAFLD. These conditions can activate signals that target C/EBPα and consequently repress SHP, thus favoring the progression and severity of NAFLD.
The Philosophy-Ladenness of Perception: A Philosophical Analysis of Perception in Husserl and Sartre

The basic entity in phenomenology is the phenomenon. Knowing the phenomenon is another issue. The phenomenon has been described as the real natural object or the appearance directly perceived in phenomenology and analytic philosophy of perception. Within both traditions, philosophers such as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Russell and Wittgenstein have considered that perceptual experience demonstrates what a phenomenon is on the line between the mind and the external world. Therefore, conceptualizing the phenomenon is based on the perceptual evidence. However, if the belief that perception is “theory-laden” is true, then perception can also be “philosophy-laden. ” These philosophers have not noticed whether perceptual knowledge is independent of philosophies. If perceptual knowledge is not independent of philosophies, a philosopher’s background philosophy can influence what he or she claims to know about the phenomenon. For Husserl, experience is direct evidence of what exists. The textual evidence shows that Sartre rejects the distinction between appearance and reality based on the assumption of the phenomenon. By examining Husserl’s Ideas and Sartre’s Being and Nothingness I conclude that these philosophers’ philosophical languages influence their perceptual knowledge. Philosophical traditions affect the thoughts of perception.
Genetic evidence for promoter competition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The his4-912 delta mutation is an insertion of the long terminal repeat (delta) of the yeast retrotransposon Ty into the HIS4 promoter region, such that the delta is 97 base pairs upstream of the HIS4 transcription initiation site. Strains carrying the his4-912 delta allele are His- at 23 degrees C; this phenotype can be reversed either by growth at 37 degrees C or by mutations in trans-acting SPT genes. Under conditions in which his4-912 delta confers a His- phenotype. HIS4 transcription initiates at the delta initiation site, rather than at the HIS4 initiation site, producing a longer, nonfunctional transcript. Under conditions in which the strain is His+, transcription initiates at the wild-type HIS4 initiation site. To understand how transcription is balanced between the delta and HIS4 promoters, we have selected for cis-acting suppressors of his4-912 delta. Two classes defined by six independent mutations restore synthesis of a functional HIS4 transcript. The first class is an A-to-G base change 1 base upstream of the proposed delta TATA sequence. These mutants do not synthesize the delta-initiated transcript; instead, they synthesize only the wild-type HIS4 transcript. The second class of mutations alters base pairs surrounding the functional HIS4 TATA sequence. The two strongest His+ mutants of this class synthesize the wild-type HIS4 transcript at levels consistent with their His+ phenotype. Surprisingly, these two mutants also have a reduced level of the delta-initiated transcript relative to the his4-912 delta parent. Analysis of these mutants indicates that the level of transcription from one promoter can affect the level of transcription from the other promoter and suggests that delta and HIS4 transcription signals compete for initiation of transcription from each site.
A Descriptive Decision-Making Model under Uncertainty: Combination of Dempster-Shafer Theory and Prospect Theory

In this paper, a descriptive decision-making model under uncertainty is proposed which incorporates two types of decision attitudes for uncertainty; one is an attitude about ignorance (optimism/pessimism) and the other one is about risk (risk-seeking and risk-aversion). At first, Evidential Decision Making Problem (EDMP) has been defined where Dempster-Shafer Theory (DST) has been used to represent uncertainty. Then probability approximation approach of solving EDMP is shown. For deciding the decision weights in different attitudes of decision maker, Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator has been used. Later on, Prospect Theory has been applied to accomplish a descriptive decision-making model. To show the effectiveness of our approach, a real life decision problem of travelers' route choice from a set of alternatives has also been provided.
A common polymorphism in the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 gene.

A common polymorphism generated by an A to C transition at nucleotide 7580 in the third intron of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 gene was found. This polymorphism can be identified by Nde 1 restriction of genomic DNA amplified with a specifically designed restriction enzyme site-generating oligonucleotide primer. The frequency of the A and C alleles was estimated at 0.6 and 0.4 in the Caucasians, 0.63 and 0.37 in Blacks, respectively.
Genetic Diversity of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

We have demonstrated that the genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency virus from African green monkeys (SIVagm) is much greater than that observed previously for individual HIV‐1, HIV‐2, or SIVmac isolates. Extensive genetic variation among SIVagm isolates and the high prevalence of green monkey infection without disease suggest that the virus has been in the green monkey population for a long time. We have also demonstrated that SIV from a sooty mangabey monkey (isolate SMM‐7) is closer to SIVmac and HIV‐2 than to HIV‐1 and SIVagm. The extensive genetic diversity of SIVagm and the relatedness of SIVsmm to HIV‐2 warrant continued examination of SIVagm and SIVsmm isolates from dispersed geographic regions. SIV strains much more closely related to HIV‐1, HIV‐2, or SIVmac may be found which would be reasonable candidates for recent cross‐species transmission.
Societal Economic Costs and Benefits from Death: Another Look

B. Yang and D. Lester (2007) have produced an innovative contribution to the relevant literature. Unlike previous studies, they incorporate estimates of cost savings from suicide. Their argument could be strengthened in 3 ways. First, they may have underestimated some of the cost savings by relying on inflated estimates of mental health usage by suicidal persons. The present analysis shows that only 20% of suicidal individuals see a mental health professional during the last year of life, much lower than previous estimates. Further, persons dying of cancer are 4 times more likely than suicides to report high usage of medical services. Second, our economy relies heavily on the health care sector for job creation, so that we need to exercise caution in interpreting savings in medical care; such savings may also represent costs in employment opportunities for nurses, doctors, and other medical personnel. Third, an anticipated criticism, the costs of the grieving of significant others, needs to be considered. Suicidal persons are shown to have less dense social networks, a sign of fewer potential grievers than in the case of natural deaths. Future work is needed to adjust lost earnings for the lower occupational status of suicides; this is another reason why Yang and Lester may be underestimating cost savings from suicide.
Age-related interference with Chlamydia pneumoniae microimmunofluorescence serology due to circulating rheumatoid factor

Microimmunofluorescence (MIF) serology is commonly used in the diagnosis of chlamydial infections. In the MIF assay, Chlamydia pneumoniae elementary bodies were used to detect C. pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies in paired serum samples from 286 patients with respiratory illnesses. In 69 patients, MIF serology was compared with C. pneumoniae cultures. All C. pneumoniae cultures remained negative. However, 205 (71%) of 286 patients were C. pneumoniae antibody positive and 64 (22%) had MIF test results indicating recent infection; 11 showed a fourfold increase in IgG titer, 18 had IgG titers of greater than or equal to 1:512, and 41 had IgM titers of greater than or equal to 1:16. In 35 (55%) of 64 patients, a recent-infection diagnosis was based on C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies only. However, 78% of C. pneumoniae IgM-positive patients had circulating rheumatoid factor (RF) by rheumatoid arthritis latex assay. RF positivity increased with age. After absorption with anti-human IgG, all C. pneumoniae IgM-positive sera became C. pneumoniae IgM negative in the MIF assay. Twenty-five patients with active rheumatoid arthritis but without respiratory illness were also tested; 14 were C. pneumoniae IgG positive and C. pneumoniae IgM positive as well. Absorption of IgG from these RF-containing sera invariably resulted in disappearance of reactivity in the MIF IgM assay. We conclude that with age the serologic diagnosis of recent C. pneumoniae infection becomes increasingly prone to false-positive results unless sera are routinely absorbed prior to MIF IgM testing.
A wavelet-based neuro-fuzzy system and its applications

This paper addresses a wavelet-based neuro-fuzzy system (WNFS) for non-linear system identification and control. The WNFS combines the traditional Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model and the wavelet neural network (WNN). Each fuzzy rule corresponding to a WNN consists of single-scaling wavelets. We adopt the non-orthogonal and compactly supported functions as wavelet neural network bases. The on-line structure/parameter learning algorithm is performed concurrently in the WNFS. The several simulation examples have been given to illustrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed model.
Librería para la predicción usando el k-NN: paralelización y visualización de resultados

Desde hace unos anos, cada vez se oye hablar mas y mas de Redes Neuronales, y toda clase de metodos complejos de clasificacion y prediccion dando la apariencia de que se restringen a estos exclusivamente. Sin embargo, existen otros muchos metodos de prediccion y clasificacion que sin ser tan complejos como los anteriores son igualmente validos y puede dar resultados igual de buenos. Este trabajo tiene por objetivo utilizar un metodo de los del segundo grupo. Concretamente utilizaremos el metodo de los k vecinos mas cercanos, el cual sera explicado en detalle mas adelante. El principal objetivo sera arrojar luz sobre este metodo, dada su naturaleza de tipo “caja negra”, para poder entender mejor sus resultados. El trabajo tendra dos partes: • Desarrollar una serie de funciones para implementar el algoritmo y optimizar sus parametros. • Desarrollar una interfaz para visualizar sus resultados e interpretar los parametros mas facilmente. En esta memoria se describe todo el proceso que se ha llevado a cabo, las distintas iteraciones de las funciones, los paquetes utilizados, las conclusiones del desarrollo y una serie de mejoras que no se han planteado pero no han podido llevarse a cabo en el tiempo que dura el curso.
The tuberculin tine test compared to the Mantoux test with 5, 10, and 100 tuberculin units.

The tuberculin tine test corresponds very closely to 5 or 10 TU by the Mantoux method. The agreement among infants and children (2 months to 18 years of age) was 92%. Among the positive reactors the agreement was 89% and among the negative reactors it was 95%. Considering agreement and disagreement between the two tests, the correlation coefficient was very high (r = 0.835). This value is very highly significant statistically (p < 0.001). There was poor agreement between the tuberculin tine test and 100 TU by the Mantoux test. The correlation coefficient was very low (r=0.192). There was a very high degree of correlation between the tuberculin tine test and the Mantoux test quantitatively (r = 0.788; p < 0.001). The tine test stores well at room and icebox temperatures at periods up to 23 months. Storage at 37°C showed very little drop in potency up to 4 to 9 months of storage. After 15 months of storage, a drop in potency was noted. The recommended method of storage is room temperature. There were 1,664 infants and children tested and compared.
Potent Inhibitor Design Against H1N1 Swine Influenza: Structure-based and Molecular Dynamics Analysis for M2 Inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicine Database

Abstract The rapid spread of influenza virus subtype H1N1 poses a great threat to million lives worldwide. To search for new anti-influenza compounds, we performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to identify potential traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constituents that could block influenza M2 channel activity. Quinic acid, genipin, syringic acid, cucurbitine, fagarine, and methyl isoferulate all have extremely well docking results as compared to control amantadine. Further de novo drug design suggests that derivatives of genipin and methyl isoferulate could have enhanced binding affinity towards M2 channel. Selected molecular dynamics simulations of M2-derivative complexes show stable hydrogen bond interactions between the derivatives and M2 residues, Ser10 and Ala9. To our best knowledge, this is the first study on the anti-viral activity of the above listed TCM compounds.
Preliminary description of Tabula Rasa, an electrically reconfigurable hardware engine

Tabula Rasa is a user reconfigurable hardware system under development in AT&T Bell Labs. Its purpose is to assist in the development of new hardware systems, and possibly to serve as a computing engine in its own right. The core of the system is a full-custom CMOS chip. This chip has electrically programmed logic and routing, and allows an external monitor to observe, control, and reconfigure the circuit during operation. Unlike currently available programmable logic devices this chip is targeted specifically at the development rather than the production environment. One or more of these chips could be wired into the development version of an application system, to add flexibility and simplify the design process by making the design more controllable and observable. In another type of application, an array of these chips could be assembled into a dedicated processor attached to a workstation. The architecture of the chip, some of the tradeoffs involved, and the CAD challenges needed to support it are outlined. <<ETX>>
Alkaline transfer of small restriction fragments from polyacrylamide gels.

Southern transfer of DNA fragments from agarose gels to hybridisation membranes (1) provides a simple yet powerful means of detecting DNA sequences. This has great potential in the study of genetic variation in populations, particularly when the loci studied are composed of highly-mutating Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR) sequences (2). Mutations at these loci often consist of the gain or loss of single VNTR repeat units (typically of the size 10-50 bp (2)). Conventional agarose-gel Southern blotting is unable to resolve fragments with this accuracy; small fragments diffuse laterally during blotting, causing broad bands on the resulting autoradiographs. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) offers a degree of fragment resolution down to the single-nucleotide level (3) and has been used to resolve small VNTR loci produced by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (4). Transfer of genomic DNA from these gels has always been a more difficult process than from agarose gels, typically necessitating electroblotting (5) often with added difficulties such as the distortion caused by air pockets or pH gradients during transfer, or vacuum blotting (6) techniques. We report here a simple process whereby small DNA fragments resolved by PAGE can be blotted onto a cationic nylon membrane using modified alkaline transfer. Filters prepared in this way can then be hybridised under standard conditions to a variety of VNTR probes. Genomic DNA was digested with suitable restriction enzymes according to the manufacturer's recommendations. PAGE loading dye was then added to a final concentration of 33 %. Glass plates for were (Pierce).
SSOCBT: A Robust Semisupervised Online CovBoost Tracker That Uses Samples Differently

Most existing feature selection methods for object tracking assume that the samples in the previous frames are governed by the same distribution of the labeled samples obtained in the current frame and unlabeled samples collected in the next frame. However, according to our statistical analysis on very common videos, this assumption is not true in many scenarios. As a result, the selected features are not suitable for discriminating between the target from the background in the next frame. A tracking error accumulates and finally the drift problem happens. In this paper, we consider data distribution in tracking from a new perspective to adapt to target's and background's changes. We classify the samples into three categories: auxiliary samples (samples in the previous frames), target samples (samples collected in the current frame), and unlabeled samples (samples obtained in the next frame). To make the best use of them for tracking, we propose a novel semisupervised transfer learning approach that treats samples differently. Specifically, we assume that only target samples follow the same distribution as the unlabeled samples that we want to classify. Then, a novel and interesting semisupervised CovBoost method is developed utilizing the information provided by the three kinds of samples effectively when training the best strong classifier for tracking. Furthermore, we develop a new online updating algorithm for semisupervised CovBoost, making our tracker handle with significant variations of the tracked target and background successfully. Our experimental results demonstrate the advantages of treating samples differently during tracking. Our tracker outperforms state-of-the-art trackers on the benchmark datasets.
Validation d'un Nouveau Modèle Statistique de Scapula Augmenté de Marqueurs Anatomiques

Ce papier decrit la validation d'un modele statistique de scapula (SSM) augmente d'un ensemble de marqueurs anatomiques ayant un interet clinique. Le SSM utilise est issu de nos recents travaux ayant abouti a la publication d'un des premiers modeles statistiques de l'os scapulaire chez l'humain adulte. En effet, la scapula est une forme 3D difficile a modeliser statistiquement du fait de sa forme complexe et de sa grande variabilite. Ce SSM avait ete valide par les criteres classiques de robustesse de construction du SSM a savoir, compacite, generalite et specificite. Cependant, la robustesse de la representation statistique n'est pas garante de sa validite anatomique pourtant primordiale pour des applications cliniques. Dans cette etude, nous presentons une nouvelle methode pour l'ajout d'informations anatomiques dans le SSM developpe et nous l'evaluons par un processus de selection des marqueurs anatomiques utilisant un groupe mixte d'observateurs. Nous obtenons d'excellents resultats issus des analyses de variance intra et inter-observateurs. Ces resultats nous permettent d'envisager l'utilisation de ce SSM augmente pour des applications de segmentation automatique d'IRM et des etudes biomecaniques du complexe de l'epaule.