Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Which Factors, Personal or External, Most Influence Students' Generation of Learning Goals?

Background While concern has been expressed about the validity of self-assessments, external feedback is likely filtered through self-assessment. This paper explores the relationship between self-assessments and feedback uptake. Method During an objective structured clinical examination, students were asked to evaluate their performance and rate the quality of feedback provided by observers. Afterward, they were asked to list learning goals they generated, to indicate what activities they would undertake to fulfill those goals, and to identify which station(s) led them to generate each response. Regression analyses were used to determine which variables predicted the generation of goals/activities. Results Students' perceptions of their own performance were more likely to result in the generation of goals/strategies than was observer feedback or student perceptions of observer feedback quality. Later stations were more likely to result in goal/strategy generation than earlier stations. Conclusions While self-assessments may not validly indicate ability, it is still critical to determine how students perceive their ability because their opinions drive their learning goals.
Feasibility of viral dust infection via air movement and dispersion of dried viral particles from the floor

The contributions of splash from vomiting and the dispersion of dried‐up virus from a contaminated floor surface to community gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by Norovirus (NoV) were evaluated, using Feline calicivirus (FCV) as an NoV surrogate. There was no difference in the size distribution of FCV‐containing particles around 0.75 µm) collected from a virus‐sprayed chamber 1 and 12 hr after nebulization. FCV clearly dispersed after hitting a floor surface contaminated with dried virus. These results suggest that NoV can likely form airborne droplet nuclei, and dust may be the main route of infection transmission. J. Med. Virol. 89:931–935, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AnthWest, occurrence records for wool carder bees of the genus Anthidium (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae, Anthidiini) in the Western Hemisphere

Abstract This paper describes AnthWest, a large dataset that represents one of the outcomes of a comprehensive, broadly comparative study on the diversity, biology, biogeography, and evolution of Anthidium Fabricius in the Western Hemisphere. In this dataset a total of 22,648 adult occurrence records comprising 9657 unique events are documented for 92 species of Anthidium, including the invasive range of two introduced species from Eurasia, A. oblongatum (Illiger) and A. manicatum (Linnaeus). The geospatial coverage of the dataset extends from northern Canada and Alaska to southern Argentina, and from below sea level in Death Valley, California, USA, to 4700 m a.s. l. in Tucumán, Argentina. The majority of records in the dataset correspond to information recorded from individual specimens examined by the authors during this project and deposited in 60 biodiversity collections located in Africa, Europe, North and South America. A fraction (4.8%) of the occurrence records were taken from the literature, largely California records from a taxonomic treatment with some additional records for the two introduced species. The temporal scale of the dataset represents collection events recorded between 1886 and 2012. The dataset was developed employing SQL server 2008 r2. For each specimen, the following information is generally provided: scientific name including identification qualifier when species status is uncertain (e.g. “Questionable Determination” for 0.4% of the specimens), sex, temporal and geospatial details, coordinates, data collector, host plants, associated organisms, name of identifier, historic identification, historic identifier, taxonomic value (i.e., type specimen, voucher, etc.), and repository. For a small portion of the database records, bees associated with threatened or endangered plants (~ 0.08% of total records) as well as specimens collected as part of unpublished biological inventories (~17%), georeferencing is presented only to nearest degree and the information on floral host, locality, elevation, month, and day has been withheld. This database can potentially be used in species distribution and niche modeling studies, as well as in assessments of pollinator status and pollination services. For native pollinators, this large dataset of occurrence records is the first to be simultaneously developed during a species-level systematic study.
Predicting the Learner's Emotional Reaction towards the Tutor's Intervention

The tutor tries, by using feedbacks, to keep the learner's attention and to increase his motivation and then his performance. However, the effectiveness of the tutor's feedbacks on the learner varies from one learner to another. It depends essentially on the learner's traits and it is reflected in the learner's emotional reaction. Consequently, it is important to detect the learner's emotional reaction following the tutor's intervention in order to personalize the feedback type. Our proposal consists of a methodology, based on machine learning technique, able to predict the learner's emotional reaction starting from the analysis of descriptive variables of the learner's current situation, such as: personality, motivation and tutor's feedback type.
Two forms of community entrepreneurship in Finland: Are there differences between Finnish and Sámi reindeer husbandry entrepreneurs?

Every reindeer herder in Finland belongs to one of 56 co-operatives, each known as a paliskunta. In addition, some reindeer owners herd using the folkloric siida model of co-operation. Content analysis of interviews conducted with reindeer herders – referred to as reindeer husbandry entrepreneurs, by the Reindeer Herders’ Association – from two ethnic communities in Finland, reveals that respondents who identified themselves as ethnic Finns viewed their self-employment as an individualistic form of entrepreneurship and they focused their discussion on matters related to financial capital and profit. In contrast, Sámi respondents claimed that a significant causal variable behind their herding was maintenance of a cultural tradition and not necessarily limited to the maximization of financial profits. Sámi respondents spoke much about their cooperative siida (a fluid, informal grouping of herders who voluntarily co-operate), and the social capital it involved; and about reindeer herding skills that are acquired on the job, i.e. human capital; and also about aptitudes, beliefs, customs, habits, interests, lifestyle and round-up traditions, reflecting the fact that considerable cultural capital is passed from adults to children in the course of primary socialization. A consequence of family participation in various aspects of community-based reindeer herding is that Sámi children learn the occupation from a young age.
Expanded Roles for Multicargo and Class 1B Effector Chaperones in Type III Secretion

ABSTRACT Bacterial type III secretion systems (T3SS) are complex protein assemblies that mediate the secretion of protein substrates outside the cell. Type III secretion chaperones (T3SC) are always found associated with T3SS, and they serve in multiple roles to ensure that protein substrates are efficiently targeted for secretion. Bacterial pathogens with T3SS express T3SC proteins that bind effectors, a process important for effector protein delivery into eukaryotic cells during infection. In this minireview, we focus on multicargo and class 1B T3SC that associate with effectors within significant pathogens of animals and plants. As a primary role, multicargo and class 1B T3SC form homodimers and specifically bind different effectors within the cytoplasm, maintaining the effectors in a secretion-competent state. This role makes T3SC initial and central contributors to effector-mediated pathogenesis. Recent findings have greatly expanded our understanding of cellular events linked to multicargo T3SC function. New binding interactions with T3SS components have been reported in different systems, thereby implicating multicargo T3SC in critical roles beyond effector binding. Three notable interactions with the YscN, YscV, and YscQ family members are well represented in the literature. Similar T3SC interactions are reported in the putative related flagellar T3SS, suggesting that secretion mechanisms may be more similar than previously thought. The evidence implicates multicargo and class 1B T3SC in effector binding and stabilization, in addition to T3SS recruitment and docking events.
Lending terms, financial literacy and formal credit accessibility

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between commercial bank lending terms, financial literacy and access to formal credit by small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach - – In this cross-sectional study, the authors surveyed 384 business owners or managers of SMEs in Uganda. The authors applied confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the number of factors and identify the important elements that capture commercial lending terms, financial literacy and access to formal credit. The authors put forward and tested two hypotheses relating to the significance of the relationship between perceived commercial bank lending terms, financial literacy and access to formal credit using structural equation modelling with analysis of moment structures 18. Findings - – The results suggest a positive and significant relationship between perceived commercial bank lending terms, financial literacy and access to formal credit. Moreover, the ANOVA results serendipitously show that access to formal credit varies with type of business and turnover. However, collateral and loan repayment periods are not observed variables for commercial bank lending terms. The most significant observed variable for commercial bank lending terms is interest rates. This, together with financial literacy, explains 31 per cent of the variances in access to formal credit by SMEs in Uganda. Research limitations/implications - – The study is limited to the SME firms registered and operating in Kampala, Uganda and it is possible that the results are only applicable to these firms in Uganda. Nevertheless, the findings have implications to commercial banks wishing to improve the turnover of their micro-lending schemes. Practical implications - – Efforts by the stakeholders to improve financial literacy of SMEs owners and managers must be matched with favourable interest rates if access to formal credit is to be enhanced. Social implications - – The findings also have implications for governments aiming at improving access to finance to overcome income inequality problems, and also improve their growth. Originality/value - – The results provide initial evidence of the aggregate explanatory power of interest rates and financial literacy for the criterion variable, access to formal credit by SMEs.
Sequential onset of presynaptic molecules during olfactory sensory neuron maturation

Differentiated olfactory sensory neurons express specific presynaptic proteins, including enzymes involved in neurotransmitter transport and proteins involved in the trafficking and release of synaptic vesicles. Studying the regulation of these presynaptic proteins will help to elucidate the presynaptic differentiation process that ultimately leads to synapse formation. It has been postulated that the formation of a synapse between the axons of the sensory neurons and the dendrites of second order neurons in the olfactory bulb is a critical step in the processes of sensory neuron maturation. One approach to study the relationship between synaptogenesis and sensory neuron maturation is to examine the expression patterns of synaptic molecules through the olfactory neuron lineage. To this end we designed specific in situ hybridization probes to target messengers for proteins involved in presynaptic vesicle release. Our findings show that, as they mature, mouse olfactory neurons sequentially express specific presynaptic genes. Furthermore, the different patterns of expression of these presynaptic genes suggest the existence of discrete steps in presynaptic development: genes encoding proteins involved in scaffolding show an early onset of expression, whereas expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the regulation of vesicle release starts later. In particular, the signature molecule for glutamatergic neurons vesicle glutamate transporter 2 shows the latest onset of expression. In addition, contact with the targets in the olfactory bulb is not controlling presynaptic protein gene expression, suggesting that olfactory sensory neurons follow an intrinsic program of development. J. Comp. Neurol. 516:187–198, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detecting scene changes using synthetic aperture Radar interferometry

In repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), man-made scene disturbances are commonly detected by identifying changes in the mean backscatter power of the scene or by identifying regions of low coherence. Change statistics such as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and the sample coherence, however, are susceptible to high false-alarm rates unless the change in the mean backscatter power is large or there is sufficient contrast in scene coherence between the changed and unchanged regions of the image pair. Furthermore, as the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence measure different properties of a SAR image pair, both change statistics need to be considered to properly characterize scene changes. In this paper, models describing the changed and unchanged regions of a scene are postulated, and the detection problem is expressed in a Bayesian hypothesis-testing framework. Forming the log-likelihood ratio gives a single sufficient statistic, encoding changes in both the coherence and the mean backscatter power, for discriminating between the unchanged- and changed-scene models. The theoretical detection performance of the change statistic is derived and shows a significant improvement over both the sample mean backscatter-power ratio and sample coherence change statistics. Finally, the superior detection performance of the log-likelihood change statistic is demonstrated using experimental data collected using the Defence Science and Technology Organisation's Ingara X-band airborne SAR
Characterization of Colony Morphology Variants Isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

ABSTRACT In this study, we report the isolation of small, rough, strongly cohesive colony morphology variants from aging Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms. Similar to many of the P. aeruginosa colony morphology variants previously described in the literature, these variants autoaggregate in liquid culture and hyperadhere to solid surfaces. They also exhibit increased hydrophobicity and reduced motility compared to the wild-type parent strain. Despite the similarities in appearance of our colony morphology variant isolates on solid medium, the isolates showed a range of responses in various phenotypic assays. These variants form biofilms with significant three-dimensional structure and more biomass than the wild-type parent. To further explore the nature of the variants, their transcriptional profiles were evaluated. The variants generally showed increased expression of the psl and pel loci, which have been previously implicated in the adherence of P. aeruginosa to solid surfaces. When a mutation in the psl locus was introduced into a colony morphology variant, the colony morphology was only partially affected, but hyperadherence and autoaggregation were lost. Finally, similar colony morphology variants were found in isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. These variants displayed many of the same characteristics as the laboratory variants, suggesting a link between laboratory and cystic fibrosis biofilms.
Lived experience of blood glucose self‐monitoring among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a phenomenological research

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore and describe lived experience of blood glucose self-monitoring among pregnant Thai women with gestational diabetes mellitus. BACKGROUND Self-monitoring of blood glucose is an essential practice among pregnant women with diabetes to prevent complications in pregnancy and the newborn infant. DESIGN Phenomenological research was employed to understand lived experiences in glycemic control. METHODS Thirty participants were approached and interviewed using a semistructured interview guides. Qualitative data were analysed following Colaizzi's method. RESULTS The findings revealed three themes: being worried about diabetes and blood testing, trying to control it and being patient for the child. Their worry comprised three dimensions: (1) wondering about the impacts of diabetes on the child, (2) concern about maternal health and (3) being worried about doing blood test. Trying to control diabetes was composed of three dimensions: (1) learning to test blood glucose, (2) being afraid of elevated blood sugar and (3) being aware of what to eat. Being patient for the child was composed of three dimensions: (1) overcoming food desires, (2) tolerating the fingerprick pain and (3) satisfaction with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Women with gestational diabetes experienced being worried and afraid regarding blood glucose self-monitoring; however, they could overcome and tolerate this with some difficulties. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE These findings can be used to guide nursing practice in assessment of perception and response towards blood glucose self-monitoring in order to improve achievement of a good glycaemic control among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Indexed Sinking Fund Debentures: Valuation and Analysis

In July 1988, the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA) issued $500 million principal amount of 8.70% indexed sinking fund debentures (ISFDs). Five additional issues of ISFDs totaling $3.175 billion principal amount followed over the next 14 months. ISFDs contain an interest-rate-contingent sinking fund. The contingency feature works to the issuer's advantage because sinking fund payments accelerate when market interest rates drop and decelerate when interest rates rise. Mortgage prepayments exhibit a similar pattern. The FNMA had a $100 billion mortgage portfolio at year-end 1988. The sinking fund schedule of the ISFDs enables the FNMA to achieve a closer matching of the interest-rate sensitivities of the prices of its assets and liabilities than a conventional debt issue generally permits.
Information Governance Framework: The Defense Manufacturing Case Study

While many companies are facing problems with the information explosion, others are ensuring the appropriate value, quality and compliance of their information environment. Information governance is a set of standards, guidelines and accountability controls designed to ensure value, quality and compliance of information. Thus, the aim of this paper is to analyze how value, quality and compliance of information are defined in its information environment. A qualitative research is made, by a case study in a defense manufacturing company. The information governance foundations are explained, through theories from economics of information. Also, a framework was proposed plus three research propositions. In addition, this case study investigates a unified governance framework, which incorporates corporate governance, information technology governance and information governance. Therefore, two propositions were supported and one was partly supported. The main contribution of this paper is to identify and analyze dimensions and elements of information governance.
Environmental management practices: good or bad news for innovations delivering environmental benefits? The moderating effect of market characteristics

We examine empirically whether environmental management practices (EMPs) (environmental audits, ISO 14001 standard, etc.) promote (or not) additional innovations delivering environmental benefits. Using a large sample of French firms (N=4114) and simultaneous equations model (SEM), we found that EMPs positively influence the decision of firms to introduce innovations delivering environmental benefits, but this positive relationship is moderated by market characteristics. The findings indicate that EMPs promote such environmental-related innovations when the market of the main activity of the firm is growing. However, when the market is uncertain or competitive, this relationship turns out to be negative.
Creative strategic thinking and sustainable leadership: lessons from Picasso

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to look at Cubism as a source of insights into creative strategic thinking. Cubism originated in the joint effort by Picasso and Braque. It was a new revolutionary paradigm that overthrew classic principles of representation; dispensing with the idea of a single fixed viewpoint that had dominated art for more than six centuries. The classic idea that there is a single best rational analytical process by which strategy comes to be has been dominating management education and practice for more than six decades. Design/methodology/approach – We use Picasso’s drawings and paintings as a metaphor for how leaders can look at strategic problems differently, consider more creative choices, and in acting, create more sustainable companies. Findings – This article argues that problems occur in organisations not because of poor strategic planning and programming but because of a lack of creative strategic thinking. Implication – Picasso’s art is often multi-layered, offering pe.
IPO Underpricing and Outside Blockholdings

Recent papers have proposed a link between underpricing of an initial public offering (IPO) and the resulting ownership structure of the firm. Brennan and Franks (1997) hypothesize that IPO managers want to discourage new blockholdings to reduce the likelihood of being monitored. They show that underpricing encourages oversubscription, allowing discrimination against large blockholders. Conversely, Stoughton and Zechner (1997) hypothesize that managers underprice to encourage investment by blockholders, who provide monitoring services. We find that the link between underpricing and ownership structure is weak. Most firms have outside blocks in place at the IPO and retain them afterwards. In terms of acquiring new blockholders, there is no difference between firms that underprice and those that do not.
A Wavelet-Based Approach for Analyzing Industrial Stochastic Textures With Applications

Several continuous manufacturing processes use stochastic texture images for quality control and monitoring. Large amounts of pictorial data are acquired, providing important information about both the materials produced and the manufacturing processes involved. However, it is often difficult to measure objectively the similarity among industrial stochastic images or to discriminate between texture images of stochastic materials with distinct properties. Nowadays, the degree of discrimination required by industrial processes often goes beyond the limits of human visual perception. This paper proposes to model this specific class of textures as colored noise and presents a new approach for multiresolution stochastic texture representation and discrimination in industry (e.g., nonwoven textiles and paper). The wavelet transform is used to represent stochastic texture images in multiple resolutions and to describe them using local orientation and density variability as features. Based on this representation, a multiresolution distance measure for stochastic textures is proposed, and industrial applications of the method and experimental results are reported. The conclusions include ideas for future work