Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rare events in earth history include the LB1 human skeleton from Flores, Indonesia, as a developmental singularity, not a unique taxon

Significance The taxon “Homo floresiensis” was termed “the most important find in human evolution for 100 years. ” The name was invented for several fragmentary skeletons found on one Indonesian island, all less than 100,000 y old (some as recent as 12,000 y), all coeval with only Homo sapiens existing everywhere else in the world. Defining taxonomic features appear in just a single specimen, LB1, which has the only known skull and femora. Key features of 380 mL and 1.06 m are shown here to be underestimates, supportable as species-defining only by overlooking asymmetry and disproportion that are general signs of abnormal development. Logically, patent isolated individual abnormality obviates new species status even without diagnosis of a particular syndrome. The original centrally defining features of “Homo floresiensis” are based on bones represented only in the single specimen LB1. Initial published values of 380-mL endocranial volume and 1.06-m stature are markedly lower than later attempts to confirm them, and facial asymmetry originally unreported, then denied, has been established by our group and later confirmed independently. Of nearly 200 syndromes in which microcephaly is one sign, more than half include asymmetry as another sign and more than one-fourth also explicitly include short stature. The original diagnosis of the putative new species noted and dismissed just three developmental abnormalities. Subsequent independent attempts at diagnosis (Laron Syndrome, Majewski osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, cretinism) have been hampered a priori by selectively restricted access to specimens, and disparaged a posteriori using data previously unpublished, without acknowledging that all of the independent diagnoses corroborate the patent abnormal singularity of LB1. In this report we establish in detail that even in the absence of a particular syndromic diagnosis, the originally defining features of LB1 do not establish either the uniqueness or normality necessary to meet the formal criteria for a type specimen of a new species. In a companion paper we present a new syndromic diagnosis for LB1.
PTSD symptoms associated with myocardial infarction: practical clinical implications

Objectives: Several studies have demonstrated a link between post-traumatic stress disorder and myocardial infarction. We aim to determine what phenotypic features or symptom profile associated with cardiovascular disease may help with early detection and intervention. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population comprises trauma-exposed Vietnam War veterans. Results: Variables significantly associated with myocardial infarction from the bivariate analysis were avoidance memories, avoidance reminders and sleep disturbance. These variables were put into a logistic regression with known risk factors for myocardial infarction. Only sleep disturbance retained its effect, with a p-value of 0.015. Conclusions: It is concluded that sleep disturbance may be a modifiable risk factor in the treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.
Influence of Dosage and Type of Music Therapy in Symptom Management and Rehabilitation for Individuals with Schizophrenia

The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the influence of dosage, type (active, receptive, or combined), and format (individual or group) of music therapy for individuals with schizophrenia. With the terms “music*” and “schizophreni*,” six research databases were searched: CINAHL, EMBASE, Music Index, PsycInfo, Pubmed, and RILM. The search was limited to studies written in English, peer-reviewed, and published between 1991 and 2015. Seventeen articles met the stated criteria. Dosage of music therapy ranged from 20 to 9,720 minutes. Three types of music therapy were delivered: active, receptive, or combined, and therapy was implemented via individual or group format. Depending on the dosage, type, and format, music therapy improved psychotic symptom management, depression and anxiety management, social and cognitive functioning, behavior, and quality of life of the participants. Dosage had a greater impact on the effects of music therapy compared to type and format. Studies that implemented a combination of active and receptive music therapy were more likely to produce significant improvements in outcomes compared to the studies that implemented the other types of music therapy. However, studies using combined type provided higher dosage of the intervention (e.g., more minutes of intervention exposure). This systematic review can be used to guide future research on and clinical applications for music therapy in this population. Future studies might also investigate the interaction of demographic characteristics or severity of illness with dosage and type on effects of music therapy.
Türkiye'de Finansal Liberalleşme Sürecinin Başarımı ve Malî Kesim Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Turkiye 1980’li yillarin ilk yarisinda mali piyasalarini serbestlestirmeye basladi. Genis kapsamli yapisal bir donusum programinin parcasi olan finansal liberallesme politikalarinin temel amaci, ekonominin giderek artan finansal fon ihtiyaclarinin, hem yurt ici hem de yurt disi kaynaklardan, daha etkin isleyen ve giderek kurumsallasan bir finansal sistem yardimi ile karsilanmasidir. Bu politikalara bilimsel bir temel olusturan neoklasik teori uyarinca, mali serbestlesme yolu ile aciga cikan finansal fonlar ekonomide yuksek uretim artislarina ve hizli buyume oranlarina erisilebilmeyi temin edecektir. Bu calismada, Turkiye ekonomisinde yasanan finansal liberallesme surecinin basarimi, ulkenin uretim kapasitesine yaptigi etki esas alinarak incelenmistir. Calismada elde edilen temel sonuclara gore, ilk olarak, liberallesme sonrasi donemde mali kesimin sundugu girdilerin diger sektorlerdeki uretimi uyarma yeteneginde bir dusus ortaya cikmistir. Ikinci olarak da, finans-disi kesimin mali kesim girdisi kullanma oranlarinda da bir dusus yasanmistir. Tum bu bulgularin isiginda, mali kesim ile ekonomideki diger uretici kesimler arasindaki uretime yonelik iliskide, reform sonrasi donemde belirgin bir zayiflamanin ortaya ciktigini ifade etmek mumkundur.
Nonparametric estimation of the best linear time-invariant approximation of a linear time-varying system

Nonparametric frequency response function (FRF) estimates are a standard tool to get quickly insight into the dynamic behavior of complex systems. However, in quite some applications the time-invariance assumption is not exactly met. Therefore, it is important to detect and quantify the deviation from the ideal time-invariant framework that is inherent to the concept of an FRF. In this paper we present a new (direct) method for estimating the best linear time-invariant approximation of a linear time-variant system, and compare it with an existing indirect approach.
The Effects of Recommended Retail Prices on Consumer and Retailer Behaviour

This paper presents results from an experiment on the effects of recommended retail prices on consumer and retailer behaviour. We present evidence that recommended retail prices, despite their nonâ€ binding nature, influence consumersâ€™ willingness to pay by setting a reference point. At a given price, consumers buy more the higher the recommended retail price is, and their demand drops at prices above the recommended retail price, even when it is entirely uninformative about the value of the product. Retailers in this study are subject to similar anchoring effects, but they do not anticipate consumersâ€™ behaviour well and are thus not able to exploit their behavioural biases.
Effect of Time on the Viability of Ischemic Skin Flaps Treated with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) cDNA

This study examined the efficacy of gene therapy on wound healing. The authors investigated whether delivery of the gene encoding a particular cytokine, known to be important in angiogenesis, could affect ischemic skin flaps. Anterior abdominal skin flaps, based solely on the epigastric artery and vein, were created in the Sprague-Dawley rat model. At the time of elevation, the arterial pedicle supplying each flap was infused either with the gene for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or physiologic saline alone. The flaps were resutured into place and observed for a period of either 4 or 3 days, at which time the pedicle was ligated. Twenty minutes following ligation, blood flow in the flaps was measured by dye fluorescence. Tissue viability of the flaps was subsequently measured by planimetry after a period of 7 days. Flaps that received the VEGF gene and were ligated at 4 days had an average dye fluorescence index (DFI) of 31.1 following ligation, and 93.9 percent viable tissue after 7 days. Flaps that received saline alone, and were ligated following a similar interval, had an average DFI of 14.0 and 31.9 percent viable tissue. Among the subjects that were ligated at 3 days, only a single, gene-infused flap had any noticeable viable tissue after 7 days. The DFI of these groups was 11.0 for the gene-infused group and 22.1 for the saline-infused group. The results suggest that delivery of the gene for VEGF can improve the survival of ischemic skin flaps, but that the effect of gene therapy is not limitless.
The hereditary transmission of hemoglobin differences in mice.

The existence, in inbred strains of mice, of two different types of electrophoretic hemoglobin patterns has been demonstrated with the method of paper electrophoresis (1). Preliminary studies of the distribution of these different patterns in the inbred strains tested indicated strongly a genetic basis of hemoglobin differences in mice. It is the purpose of the present communication to report the results of breeding experiments designed to test the assumption of a hereditary transmission of these differences and to determine the mode of inheritance.
Neural gas based cluster ensemble algorithm and its application to cancer data

The cluster ensemble approach is gaining more and more attention in recent years due to its useful applications in bioinformatics and pattern recognition. In this paper, we present a new cluster ensemble approach named as the neural gas based cluster ensemble algorithm (NGCEA) for class discovery from biological meaningful data, NGCEA first adopts the perturbed function to generate a set of new datasets. Then, it proposes to adopt the neural gas algorithm to obtain the clustering solutions from the perturbed datasets, In the following, NGCEA views the row of each clustering solution as the new features, and forms a new dataset. Finally, it adopts the neural gas algorithm as consensus function to perform clustering again on the new dataset and obtains the final result. The experiments in cancer datasets show that (i)NGCEA works well on most of cancer datasets (ii) NGCEA outperforms most of the state-of-the-art cluster ensemble algorithms when applied to gene expression data
The role of imitation, foreign market experience, and host country network ties in SMEs foreign equity entry mode choice: An Institutional Perspective

: This study of foreign entry-mode choice, based mostly on the institutional perspective, emphasizes the importance of the influence of both institutional forces embedded in national environments and decision makers' cognitive constraints on the founding of new ventures. The primary goal of the present study is to provide a unifying theoretical framework to examine institutions’ relationship to foreign entry mode choice of firms. We utilized institutional perspectives to analyze a sample of 353 foreign SMEs invested in Iran. Our results support the notion that institutional theory provides incremental explanatory power of foreign entry mode choice. In particular, we found that SMEs tend to consider both formal and informal institutions in their foreign market entry choice. Based on the results, the roles of host country network ties and mimetic behaviors are heightened and they become a proxy for informal institution. According to the results, however no significant support concerning the effects of cultural differences and international experience on the SMEs equity entry mode decisions were found- host country experience, host country network ties, imitation and host country regulative risk had a significant influence on the SMEs equity entry mode in Iran.
Specific Entry of Helicobacter pylori into Cultured Gastric Epithelial Cells via a Zipper-Like Mechanism

ABSTRACT Although Helicobacter pylori has generally been considered an extracellular pathogen, a number of in vitro infection experiments and biopsy examinations have shown that it is capable of occasionally entering mammalian host cells. Here, we characterized this entry process by using AGS cells as a host cell model. In gentamicin protection-invasion assays, the number of H. pylori colonies recovered was lower than that for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium X22, Escherichia coli expressing InvA, and Yersinia enterocolitica YO:9 grown at 25°C but higher than that for Neisseria gonorrhoeae VP1 and Y. enterocolitica YO:9 grown at 37°C. At the ultrastructural level, the entry process was observed to occur via a zipper-like mechanism. Internalized H. pylori was bound in tight LAMP-1-containing vacuoles in close association with condensed filamentous actin and tyrosine phosphorylation signals. Wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and calphostin C, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, both inhibited the entry of H. pylori in a sensitive and dose-dependent manner; however, the level of entry was enhanced by sodium vanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases and ATPases. Furthermore, the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonized the entry of H. pylori into AGS cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the entry of H. pylori into AGS cells occurs via a zipper-like mechanism which involves various host signal transduction events.
ANALISIS KINERJA SAHAM SEKTOR FARMASI PADA BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2012-2014.

Abstract. The Capital Market is a market that trades securities such as bonds and stocks. Capital market can be interpreted as a meeting between those who have excess funds (the investors) with parties who need funds (the company) by way of trading securities. Stock investment as an investment that has a very high risk so that the investors must be careful in choosing a stock so that investors can get maximum profit and minimum loss. The selection of stocks can be done by looking at the company's performance at a period of time. One common way to assess company performance is by measuring the company's financial performance by using financial ratios. Financial ratios consist of liquidity ratio, activity ratio, solvency ratio and profitability ratio. In this research, the author used Liquidity Ratio represented by Current Ratio (CR) and Profitability Ratio represented by Earning Per Share (EPS) and Net Profit Margin (NPM). Based on the results of hypothesis testing used multiple regression analysis accompanied by the classical assumption. It showed that EPS, NPM and CR significantly affect of the Stock Return. This can be shown by its p-value < ( ) Keyword: Current Ratio (CR); Earning Per Share (EPS); Net Profit Margin (NPM); Stock Returns Abstrak. Pasar Modal merupakan salah satu sarana untuk melakukan investasi, yaitu memungkinan para pemodal (investor) untuk melakukan diversifikasi invetasi, membentuk portofolio sesuai dengan risiko yang bersedia mereka tanggung dan tingkat keuntungan yang mereka harapkan. Pasar modal adalah pertemuan antara yang memiliki kelebihan dana (pihak investor) dengan pihak yang membutuhkan dana ( pihak perusahaan ) dengan cara memperjualbelikan sekuritas. Investasi dalam bentuk saham memiliki resiko yang sangat besar. Kesalahan dalam pemilihan saham yang akan dibeli dapat mengakibatkan kerugian yang fatal. Oleh karena itu, investor harus dapat memilih dengan baik saham yang dibelinya. Pemilihan ini dapat dilakukan dengan melihat kinerja perusahaan selama kurun waktu tertentu. Salah satu cara yang umum untuk menilai kinerja perusahaan adalah dengan cara mengukur kinerja keuangan perusahaan dengan menggunakan rasio keuangan. Rasio keuangan terdiri dari rasio likuiditas, rasio aktivitas, rasio solvabilitas dan rasio profitabilitas. Dalam hal ini penulis menggunakan Rasio Likuiditas yang diwakili oleh Current Ratio dan Rasio Profitabilitas yang diwakili oleh Earning Per Share dan Net Profit Margin.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda yang disertai dengan asumsi klasik menunjukkan bahwa Current Ratio (CR), Earning Per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return Saham. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan dengan nilai probabilitas nya atau p-value yang mempunyai nilai < Kata Kunci: Current Ratio (CR); Earning Per Share (EPS); Net Profit Margin (NPM); Return Saham
Magnetic Friction and the Role of Temperature

A magnetic dipole moving parallel to a ferromagnetically interacting surface is subject to a friction force due to the conversion of kinetic energy into spin excitations. This phenomenon is studied in the framework of the classical anisotropic Heisenberg-model, using the stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. The friction force is calculated from dissipation rates, which are obtained directly from energy functions. For small velocities, magnetic friction increases linearly (like Stokes' law for laminar flow). The characteristic low- and high-temperature behavior is analyzed and explained by a relaxation time ansatz.
Formal Derivation of Concurrent Programs: An Example from Industry

The formal derivation of an implementation of the I/O (input/output) subsystem portion of an existing operating system is presented. The I/O subsystem is responsible for allocating I/O resources such as tapes, disks, I/O channels in response to requests from user processes. The derivation employs the UNITY methodology which captures the concurrent interaction of the I/O subsystem with its environment. The verified resource allocation algorithm that results from the derivation has been used as part of a high-level design by software engineers implementing the I/O subsystem. As the largest application to date of the UNITY methodology, the derivation illustrates a number of techniques for organizing large specifications and proofs. >
A simple model for fault analysis of multiphase PMSM drives

The present paper describes the development of a 5-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive model suitable for fault analysis. The aim of the proposed model is to serve as a tool to predict machine behavior, extract fault signatures and test post-fault remedial strategies in fault-tolerant PMSM drive systems, which are experiencing increasing interest in electrical transport systems. Specifically, winding open-circuit, terminal short-circuit and the permanent opening or closing of inverter switch faults are considered. In addition to describing the implementation of the drive model, a validation via a Finite Element (FE) analysis is presented.
PREVALENCE AND TREND OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG SARDINIAN CONSCRIPTS (ITALY) OF 1969 AND 1998

Summary This study evaluated the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the male Sardinian population (Italy), and verifies that it has increased over the last 30 years. Data were collected during 2003–2004 from military registers in the Archive of the Military District of Cagliari for the years 1969 and 1998. A total of 22,345 forms were analysed from all Sardinia. The conscripts were classified on the basis of their place of residence and socioeconomic status. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Sardinia were 4.33% and 0.55%, respectively, for the conscripts of 1969 and 9.8% and 3% for 1998. Olbia-Tempio (northern Sardinia) was the province with the highest incidence of overweight and obesity in 1969, and Nuoro (central Sardinia) had the highest incidence in 1998. Distribution of body mass index, overweight and obesity across the island showed a statistically significant heterogeneity that strongly decreased from 1969 to 1998. Among the conscripts of 1969, the incidence of overweight and obesity were higher in rural than in urban regions. An opposite trend was observed for the 1998 prevalence, it being more frequent in urban than rural regions. Comparison with other Italian regions was made. The percentages of overweight and obese individuals in Sardinia have markedly increased during the last 30 years, but their low incidence with respect to other Italian populations could be explained by the genetic peculiarity of the island. The change in the internal distribution of obesity clearly reflects socioeconomic changes.
Mobile robot manipulation system design in given environments

Mobile manipulation tasks in warehouses require robots to grasp and transport objects autonomously. To carry out mobile manipulation tasks autonomously, robot needs integrate several components for perception, planning, grasping, and manipulation. In this paper, we consider the systematic implementation of grasping, transportation and placing by using a mobile robot. We design a mechanical gripper and transform the mobile platform for the purpose of sensor mounting and platform stability. Then we present the algorithm of object recognition, pose estimation and placement strategy. After that, we perform the manipulator motion planning that includes collision free trajectory planning. And we propose the localization and path planning algorithm for the mobile platform. Our method that integrates perception, decision making and manipulation algorithm shows robustness and low implementation complexity. Experiments based on ICRA 2017 Mobile Manipulation Challenge show that the proposed method achieve good results in real environment.
Capital Requirements and Financial Problems with the Macroeconomy

The 2008 financial crisis has revitalized policymakers to find an appropriate policy to respond to recurring financial problem. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of capital requirements in response to shocks and to find out how capital requirements work in reducing financial problems and stabilizing balance sheets. We consider a macroeconomic model with a banking sector that is allowed to borrow funds from the international and domestic markets. The results show that capital requirements are efficient in responding to financial problems. It increases the bank’s net worth and reduces its leverage ratio. A less aggressive policy produces lower losses and stabilizes the variation of net worth and bank leverage. But a high degree of responsiveness is required if authorities aim to accelerate net worth accumulation and overcome a banking crisis. However, capital requirements are less effective in responding to technology shocks. Capital requirements cannot fully stabilize net worth and balance sheets.