Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inhaled nitric oxide for high-altitude pulmonary edema.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension is a hallmark of high-altitude pulmonary edema and may contribute to its pathogenesis. When administered by inhalation, nitric oxide, an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, attenuates the pulmonary vasoconstriction produced by short-term hypoxia. METHODS We studied the effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary-artery pressure and arterial oxygenation in 18 mountaineers prone to high-altitude pulmonary edema and 18 mountaineers resistant to this condition in a high altitude laboratory (altitude, 4559 m). We also obtained lung-perfusion scans before and during nitric oxide inhalation to gain further insight into the mechanism of action of nitric oxide. RESULTS In the high-altitude laboratory, subjects prone to high-altitude pulmonary edema had more pronounced pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia than subjects resistant to high-altitude pulmonary edema. Arterial oxygen saturation was inversely related to the severity of pulmonary hypertension (r=-0.50, P=0.002). In subjects prone to high-altitude pulmonary edema, the inhalation of nitric oxide (40 ppm for 15 minutes) produced a decrease in mean (+/-SD) systolic pulmonary-artery pressure that was three times larger than the decrease in subjects resistant to such edema (25.9+/-8.9 vs. 8.7+/-4.8 mm Hg, P<0.001). Inhaled nitric oxide improved arterial oxygenation in the 10 subjects who had radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema (arterial oxygen saturation increased from 67+/-10 to 73+/-12 percent, P=0.047), whereas it worsened oxygenation in subjects resistant to high-altitude pulmonary edema. The nitric oxide-induced improvement in arterial oxygenation in subjects with high-altitude pulmonary edema was accompanied by a shift in blood flow in the lung away from edematous segments and toward nonedematous segments. CONCLUSIONS The inhalation of nitric oxide improves arterial oxygenation in high-altitude pulmonary edema, and this beneficial effect may be related to its favorable action on the distribution of blood flow in the lungs. A defect in nitric nitric oxide synthesis may contribute to high-altitude pulmonary edema.
Semantic-Based Facial Image-Retrieval System with Aid of Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization and Squared Euclidian Distance

The semantic-based facial image-retrieval system is concerned with the process of retrieving facial images based on the semantic information of query images and database images. The image-retrieval systems discussed in the literature have some drawbacks that degrade the performance of facial image retrieval. To reduce the drawbacks in the existing techniques, we propose an efficient semantic-based facial image-retrieval (SFIR) system using APSO and squared Euclidian distance (SED). The proposed technique consists of three stages: feature extraction, optimization, and image retrieval. Initially, the features are extracted from the database images. Low-level features (shape, color, and texture) and high-level features (face, mouth, nose, left eye, and right eye) are the two features used in the feature-extraction process. In the second stage, a semantic gap between these features is reduced by a well-known adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique. Afterward, a squared Euclidian distance (SED) measure will be utilized to retrieve the face images that have less distance with the query image. The proposed semantic-based facial image-retrieval (SFIR) system with APSO-SED will be implemented in working platform of MATLAB, and the performance will be analyzed.
Evaluation of arm and shoulder mobility and strength after modified radical mastectomy and radiotherapy

Seventy-five women, of whom 30 had received postoperative radiotherapy, were tested for range of motion (ROM) and shoulder strength with a goniometer and an isokinetic device (Orthotron II), respectively. On the individual level, irradiated patients exhibited significantly reduced range of motion (varying from p<0.05 to p<0.001) for all movements compared with the non-operated side. In contrast, in the non-irradiated patients only flexion was significantly reduced (p<0.05). The same individual pattern was evident for shoulder strength where all movements except external rotation were significantly reduced in irradiated patients (varying from p<0.05 to p<0.001). Non-irradiated patients exhibited a significant reduction in shoulder strength for flexion and abduction (p<0.05), whereas other movements were less affected. The observed differences in ROM and strength were less pronounced when analyzed on a group level, but were still significant for ROM (p<0.001) for flexion and abduction. Group level analysis also showed reduced shoulder strength for all movements but only rotation was significantly (p<0.01) impaired.
Shape Grammars and the Generative Specification of Painting and Sculpture

A method of shape generation using shape grammars which take shape as primitive and have shape-specific rules is presented. A formalism for the complete, generative specification of a class of non-representational, geometric paintings or sculptures is defined which has shape grammars as its structural component. Paintings are material representations of two-dimensional shapes gen~rated by shape grammars, sculptures of three-dimensional shapes. Implications for aesthetics and design theory in the visual arts are discussed. Aesthetics is considered in terms of specificational simplicity and visual complexity. In design based on generative specifications, the artist chooses structural and material relationships and then determines algorithmically the resulting works of art. SHAPE GRAMMARS AND THE GENERATIVE SPECIFICATION OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE In this paper we present (1) a definition of shape grammars, (2) a formalism, based on these grammars, for the complete, generative specification of a class of paintings or sculptures, and (3) a discussion of the implications of these specifications for aesthetics and design theory. Generative specifications can be used in the analysis and aesthetic evaluation of the paintings or sculptures they define. In design based on generative specifications, the artist chooses structural and material relationships and then produces algorithmically the res'ulting works of art, Our underlying aim is to use formal, generative techniques to produce good works of art and to develop understanding of what makes good works of art. The class of paintings shown in Figure 1 is used as an explanatory example. Additional paintings and sculptures defined by generative specifications are shown in the I ppendix.
A Multi-Dimensional Approach to Suicide Bombing

Understanding suicide bombing entails studying the phenomenon on three different dimensions: the suicide bomber, the terrorist organization, and the community from which suicide bombings emerge. Political and social psychology allow us to establish the reciprocal relationships that underpin the exchanges between the three dimensions. This method increases our theoretical understanding of suicide bombing by moving away from the unidimensional models that have previously dominated the terrorism literature.
An Approach from Knowledge Dust to Gems (Knowledge Management)

Problem statement: Most businesses rely on the fact that their employees possess relevant knowledge and that they can apply it to the task at hand. The problem is that this knowledge is not owned by the organization. It is owned and controlled by its employees. Maintaining an appropriate level of knowledge in the organization is a very important issue. It is, however, not an easy task for most organizations and it is particularly problematic for software organizations, which are human and knowledge intensive. Knowledge management is a relatively new area that has attempted to address these problems. Conclusion/Recommendations: This study introduces an approach called the Knowledge Dust to Gems approach. This approach addresses some of the issues with knowledge management by providing low-barrier mechanisms to "jump start" the experience base. This approach allows the experience base to become more useful more quickly than traditional approaches.
Redox regulation of protein kinases

Abstract Protein kinases represent one of the largest families of genes found in eukaryotes. Kinases mediate distinct cellular processes ranging from proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Ligand-mediated activation of receptor kinases can lead to the production of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by membrane-bound NADPH oxidases. In turn, H2O2 can be utilized as a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in redox regulation of protein kinases and its effects on signaling cascades. In the first half, we will focus primarily on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), whereas the latter will concentrate on downstream non-receptor kinases involved in relaying stimulant response. Select examples from the literature are used to highlight the functional role of H2O2 regarding kinase activity, as well as the components involved in H2O2 production and regulation during cellular signaling. In addition, studies demonstrating direct modulation of protein kinases by H2O2 through cysteine oxidation will be emphasized. Identification of these redox-sensitive residues may help uncover signaling mechanisms conserved within kinase subfamilies. In some cases, these residues can even be exploited as targets for the development of new therapeutics. Continued efforts in this field will further basic understanding of kinase redox regulation, and delineate the mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological H2O2 responses.
Studies in muscular activity

IN a dog the energy reserve consists chiefly of carbohydrate and fat. For their utilization oxygen must be supplied and carbon dioxide eliminated. The maximum over-all efficiency is probably from 20 to 30 p.c. , most of the energy appearing as heat. Hence, if a constant body temperature is to be maintained, provision must be made for heat dissipation. The experiments to be described indicate that, by suitably varying the conditions, inadequacy in any one of the three factors, fuel supply, oxygen supply or heat dissipation, may limit the capacity for work. In our experiments these three taken singly, or in combinations, are of primary importance, although factors of secondary importance no doubt exist. Two dogs were trained to run on a motor-driven treadmill. Most of the experiments were carried out on Joe, an immature male of the foxterrier type weighing 13 kg. Additional experiments were carried out on another dog, a mature female of the Irish terrier type and of the same weight. With the exception of a few early experiments the grade 1 was 17-6 p.c. The rates and other experimental conditions will be given in detail below. Observations were made of: (a) heart rate, using a cardiotachometer previously described; (b) rectal temperature either with a thermocouple during exercise or with a clinical thermometer after it; (c) room temperature; (d) blood lactic acid by the method of Friedemann, Cotonio and Schaffer [1927]; (e) blood sugar by the method of Folin and Malmros [1929]; and (f) morphologicalproperties2 of the blood. Notes were made of the dog's behaviour, particularly during the onset of exhaustion. The nomenclature of Campos, Cannon, Lundir
The least discerning and most promiscuous truthmaker

I argue that the one and only truthmaker is the world. This view can be seen as arising from (i) the view that truthmaking is a relation of grounding holding between true propositions and fundamental entities, together with (ii) the view that the world is the one and only fundamental entity. I argue that this view provides an elegant and economical account of the truthmakers, while solving the problem of negative existentials, in a way that proves ontologically revealing.
Real-time implementation of digital signal processing for coherent optical digital communication systems

Digital signal-processing-based coherent optical communication systems are widely viewed as the most promising next-generation long-haul transport systems. One of the biggest challenges in building these systems is the implementation of signal processors that are able to deal with signaling rates of a few tens of giga-samples per second. In this paper, we discuss implementation options and design considerations with respect to hardware realization and DSP implementation.
Étude d'un modèle de turbulence algébrique 3D : application au calcul Navier-Stokes de l'écoulement autour d'une installation motrice d'avion de transport

Au cours de cette etude, des modeles de turbulence algebriques, a une demi et une equation, ont ete compares dans la simulation de l'ecoulement autour du profil-a de l'aerospatiale dans le but d'evaluer leur comportement face au gradient de pression adverse et au decollement. La comparaison avec les donnees experimentales est tres satisfaisante avec un modele personnel utilisant le modele a une demi-equation de johnson-king associe au modele algebrique de granville. Cette etude a permis de developper un modele de turbulence algebrique reellement multi-bloc pour le calcul de l'ecoulement transonique autour de la configuration avion complet as28g. Ce modele est independant de la complexite de la geometrie, de la topologie et du nombre d'interfaces entre blocs generees par un decoupeur de maillage automatique pour les calculs paralleles. Le maillage est compose de soixante deux blocs et comprend trois millions et demi de points. Pour calculer un cas test aussi important, le code de calcul, et les modeles de turbulence en particulier, ont du etre parallelises. Les equations de navier-stokes sont resolues par la methode des volumes finis. Une methode implicite a directions altrenees est employee dans l'integration en temps. Des solutions tres encourageantes ont ete obtenues pour deux incidences : 2. 2 et 0. 2 degres. Les principales caracteristiques des visualisations a l'huile experimentales et les coefficients aerodynamiques experimentaux sont bien evalues, meme sur un maillage grossier obtenu par suppression d'un point sur deux dans les trois directions de maillage. Le decollement tridimensionnel complexe qui apparait sur le mat a l'incidence 0. 2 degres est aussi bien simule. Ce travail demontre que la resolution des equations de navier-stokes pour la conception de formes des geometries complexes tridimensionnelles est non seulement possible mais aussi d'un grand interet.
Corruption performance voting and the electoral context

Fighting corruption is a vital aspect of good governance. When assessing government performance voters should thus withdraw electoral support from government parties that turn a blind eye to or even engage in corrupt practices. Whereas most accounts of performance-based voting focus on economic outcomes, we analyse whether and to what extent voters punish incumbents for high levels of corruption. Using data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that while voters perceiving high levels of corruption punish incumbents, corruption performance voting depends on individual-level attributes and the electoral context: it is most likely for non-partisans, for voters who believe that government turnover will bring about change, and in systems where corruption is a salient issue. Yet, corruption performance voting is not moderated by the clarity of political responsibility. Studying these conditions helps us to understand why corruption is more persistent in some contexts than in others.
Parameterizing the Effects of Upper-Ocean Large Eddies on Air-Sea Interaction

Abstract : There are two primary objectives in this CBLAST modeling project. First, we seek to understand the dynamics of upper-ocean large eddies which play a critical role in the air-sea exchange and obtain physics-based parameterizations of the ocean surface boundary layer. Second, we seek to understand and interpret upper-ocean measurements acquired during the CBLAST field experiments.
Pharmacokinetics of DA-8159, a new erectogenic, after intravenous and oral administration to rats: hepatic and intestinal first-pass effects.

The purposes of this study were to report dose-independent (after intravenous administration) and dose-dependent (after oral administration) area under the curve of plasma concentration versus time from time zero to time infinity (AUC), and gastric, intestinal, and/or hepatic first-pass effects (after intravenous, intraportal, intragastric, and intraduodenal administration) of DA-8159 [5-[2-propyloxy-5-(1-methyl-2-pyrollidinylethylamidosulfonyl)phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo(4,3-d)pyrimidine-7-one], a new erectogenic, in rats. After intravenous administration at doses of 5, 10, and 30 mg/kg, the AUCs and time-averaged total body clearances (CLs) were dose-independent. However, the AUCs were dose-dependent after oral administration at doses of 20, 30, 50, and 100 mg/kg. This result could be due to saturation of first-pass effects at high doses. The extent of absolute oral bioavailability (F) of DA-8159 was 38.0% at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Considering almost complete absorption of DA-8159 from rat gastrointestinal tract ( approximately 99% of oral dose of 30 mg/kg), the low F could be due to considerable hepatic, gastric, and/or intestinal first-pass effects. After intravenous administration at three doses, the CLs were considerably slower than the reported cardiac output in rats, suggesting almost negligible first-pass effect of DA-8159 in the heart and lung. The AUCs were not significantly different between intragastric and intraduodenal administration of DA-8159 at a dose of 30 mg/kg (131 and 127 microg x min/mL), suggesting that gastric first-pass effect of DA-8159 was almost negligible in rats. However, the values were significantly smaller than that after intraportal administration (311 microg x min/mL), indicating considerable intestinal first-pass effect of DA-8159 in rats of approximately 58% of the oral dose. Approximately 23% of DA-8159 at a dose of 30 mg/kg absorbed into the portal vein was eliminated by the liver (hepatic first-pass effect) based on AUC difference between intravenous and intraportal administration (the value, 23%, was equivalent to approximately 9.6% of oral dose). The low F of DA-8159 after oral administration at a dose of 30 mg/kg to rats was mainly due to considerable intestinal ( approximately 58%) first-pass effects.
BEAR, a Molecular Docking Refinement and Rescoring Method

BEAR (Binding Estimation After Refinement) is a computational method for structure-based virtual screening. It was set up as a post-docking processing tool for the refinement of ligand binding modes predicted by molecular docking programs and the accurate evaluation of free energies of binding. BEAR has been validated in a number of computational drug discovery applications. It performed well in discriminating active ligands with respect to molecular decoys of biological targets belonging to different protein families as well as in discovering biologically active hits. Recently, it has also been validated in the emerging field of G-protein coupled receptors structure based virtual screening.
Chemotherapeutic and Targeted Strategies for Locally Advanced and Metastatic Esophageal Cancer

Introduction: Esophageal cancer represents a major health care problem worldwide and its prevalence is rapidly increasing. A key challenge in the treatment of both locally advanced and metastatic disease is to improve our understanding of the underlying molecular biology. Herein we discuss the most active chemotherapies and targeted agents for esophageal cancer, and explore potential differences in the disease between Eastern and Western countries. Methods: We reviewed the literature for trials involving chemotherapy and targeted agents in locally advanced and metastatic disease in the last 20 years. The search was supplemented by a review of the abstracts presented at the annual American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings from 1992 to 2012. Results: Neoadjuvant chemo-radiation followed by surgery remains standard of care for operable disease. Definitive chemo-radiation can be considered for locally advanced squamous cell tumors. Platinum-based combination chemotherapy is preferable in the first-line metastatic setting. Recently, HER2, EGFR, and VEGF–targeted agents have been extensively investigated as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Several new targets are being explored. Conclusions: There have been incremental improvements in our understanding of the molecular biology of esophageal cancer, and ethnic differences between Asian and Western populations are becoming apparent. Next-generation sequencing has failed to demonstrate significant oncogenic drivers; however, the addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy for HER2-amplified tumors has been validated in the metastatic setting and is undergoing investigation in operable disease. Epigenetic therapeutics may provide additional benefit in future years for this difficult-to-treat disease.
Classification with an improved Decision Tree Algorithm

Data mining is for new pattern to discover. Data mining is having major functionalities: classification, clustering, prediction and association. Classification is done from the root node to the leaf node of the decision tree. Decision tree can handle both continuous and categorical data. The classified output through decision tree is more under stable and accurate. In this research work, Comparison is made between ID3, C4. 5 and C5. 0 and after that Implementation of system is done. The new system gives more accurate and efficient output with less complexity. The system performs feature selection, cross validation, reduced error pruning and model complexity along with classification. The implemented system supports high accuracy, good speed and low memory usage. The memory used by the system, is low compare to other classifiers as the rules generated by this system is less. The major issues concerning data mining in large databases are efficiency and scalability. While in case of high dimensional data, feature selection is the technique for removing irrelevant data. It reduces the attribute space of a feature set. More reliable estimation of prediction is done by f-fold –crossvalidation. The error rate of a classifier produced from all the cases is estimated as the ratio of the total number of errors on the hold-out cases to the total number of cases. By increasing the
Ultra-miniaturized and surface-mountable glass-based 3D IPAC packages for RF modules

This paper demonstrates ultra-miniaturized RF passive components integrated on thin glass substrate with small Through Package Vias (TPVs) to realize 3D Integrated Passive and Actives Component (IPAC) concept. Miniaturization is achieved through; a) ultra-thin glass, b) low-loss thin dielectrics and c) small TPVs. Inductors, capacitors and low pass filters functioning in the frequency range of 0.8 GHz to 5.4 GHz were modeled and fabricated between thin dielectric layers on 100 μm thin glass, and then assembled on PCB through BGA interconnections. The simulated results corroborated well with measured results, providing guidelines for RF module fabrication.