Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Multilevel Examination of Racial Disparities in High School Discipline: Black and White Adolescents’ Perceived Equity, School Belonging, and Adjustment Problems

National data have shown for decades that Black students experience more frequent and severe disciplinary actions that remove them from school (e.g., suspension), compared with their White peers. Despite extensive research documenting the sequelae associated with suspension (e.g., school drop-out and delinquency), there has been relatively scant research addressing the discipline gap as it relates to students’ sense of belonging and equitable treatment at school, or to potential adjustment problems it may evoke. The present observational study examined the Black–White discipline gap in 58 high schools with a sample of 19,726 adolescents (Black n = 7,064, White n = 12,622) in Maryland. Employing a multilevel framework and leveraging data from the U.S. Department of Education’s Office of Civil Rights and the student-report Maryland Safe and Supportive Schools (MDS3) School Climate Survey, we characterized 58 high schools by their excess in Black relative to White student risk of out-of-school suspension. We then assessed whether Black students’ excess risk of out-of-school suspension was negatively associated with perceived school equity and school belonging, and positively associated with adjustment problems (i.e., externalizing symptoms) in a stratified analysis of White and Black students. We found that school-level discipline gaps were associated with Black students’ perceptions of less school equity (&ggr; = −.54, p < .001), less school belonging (&ggr; = −.50, p < .001), and increased adjustment problems (&ggr; = .77, p < .001), even when accounting for student demographics (i.e., gender, grade level, socioeconomic status) and school-level contextual factors (i.e., socioeconomic status, student diversity, overall suspension rates), whereas these associations were not significant for White students. Study findings have implications for educational reform in high schools in which out-of-school suspension practices differ by race.
Elastographic measurement of the area and volume of thermal lesions resulting from radiofrequency ablation: pathologic correlation.

OBJECTIVE Elastography is a promising tool for visualizing the zone of necrosis in liver tissue resulting from radiofrequency tumor ablation. Because heat-ablated tissues are stiffer than normal untreated tissue, elastography may prove useful for following up patients who undergo radiofrequency ablative therapy. We sought to report the initial evaluations of the reliability of elastography for delineating thermal lesion boundaries in liver tissue by comparing lesion dimensions determined by elastography with the findings at whole-mount pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radiofrequency ablation was performed in vitro on liver tissue specimens encased in gelatin phantoms. The imaging plane for elastography was perpendicular to the axis of the radiofrequency electrode so that the ablated region was around the center of the plane. To obtain three-dimensional visualization of thermal lesions, we reconstructed the lesions from multiple elastograms by linearly translating the elastographic scanning plane. Pathology photographs were obtained in the same image plane used for elastography by slicing through the gelatin and tissue phantom using external markers. We used digitized gross pathology photographs obtained at a specified slice thickness to compute the areas and volumes of the lesions. These measurements were then compared to the measurements obtained from the elastograms. RESULTS In a sample of 40 thermal lesions, we obtained a correlation between in vitro elastographic and pathologic measurements of r = 0.9371 (p < 0.00001) for area estimates and r = 0.979 (p < 0.00001) for volume estimates. CONCLUSION We found excellent correlation between the measurements of the dimensions, areas, and volumes of thermal lesions that were based on elastographic images and the measurements that were based on digitized pathologic images. When compared with digitized pathologic measurements, elastographic measurements showed a tendency to slightly underestimate both the areas and volumes of lesions. Nevertheless, elastography is a reliable technique for delineating thermal lesions resulting from radiofrequency ablation.
CLIASR: A Combined Automatic Speech Recognition and Language Identification System

In this paper, we aim to describe a novel technique which is a Combined Automatic Speech Recognition and Language Identification System that uses both ASR and LI technologies which consists of the recognition of spoken digits after identifying their language. An in-house corpus was used mainly for both speech-based multi-lingual identification and speech recognition tasks made of bilingual digits sounds that contains ten digits spoken mainly in two languages: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Amazigh Moroccan dialect. First of all, we develop the Language Identification stage which is the basis of our hybrid system which behaves as front-end of our system that serves for spoken language detection. This facilitates the task of recognition by allocating the output to the appropriate Hidden Model Markov (HMM) based recognition system (Arabic or Amazigh) which improves recognition of a bilingual spoken digit efficiently. For this purpose, a set of parameters were adjusted on our CLIASR system to achieve good results, including classifier parameters, feature vector, and HMM-GMM parameters. The results show that our proposed LI-ASR system performs 33% better than an ordinary ASR for a given bilingual mixed speech corpus.
The Arabidopsis EDR1 Protein Kinase Negatively Regulates the ATL1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase to Suppress Cell Death[W]

ATL1 is a ubiquitin ligase that promotes cell death, but this activity is inhibited by the protein kinase EDR1, which physically associates with ATL1. Loss of EDR1 function enhances cell death in response to biotic and abiotic stresses; thus, stress-induced cell death signaling is regulated by two major and interlinked posttranslational modification mechanisms: phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Loss-of-function mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1) gene confer enhanced programmed cell death under a variety of abiotic and biotic stress conditions. All edr1 mutant phenotypes can be suppressed by missense mutations in the KEEP ON GOING gene, which encodes a trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we report that EDR1 interacts with a second E3 ubiquitin ligase, ARABIDOPSIS TOXICOS EN LEVADURA1 (ATL1), and negatively regulates its activity. Overexpression of ATL1 in transgenic Arabidopsis induced severe growth inhibition and patches of cell death, while transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves induced cell death and tissue collapse. The E3 ligase activity of ATL1 was required for both of these processes. Importantly, we found that ATL1 interacts with EDR1 on TGN/EE vesicles and that EDR1 suppresses ATL1-mediated cell death in N. benthamiana and Arabidopsis. Lastly, knockdown of ATL1 expression suppressed cell death phenotypes associated with the edr1 mutant and made Arabidopsis hypersusceptible to powdery mildew infection. Taken together, our data indicate that ATL1 is a positive regulator of programmed cell death and EDR1 negatively regulates ATL1 activity at the TGN/EE and thus controls stress responses initiated by ATL1-mediated ubiquitination events.
A fast algorithm of concept generation

Concept generation is an important prerequisite for the formal concept analysis. With the increment of the formal context, time complexity of the existing algorithms increase rapidly. This paper presents a fast algorithm of concept generation. The algorithm needs the formal context to satisfy certain conditions. It uses a continuous matrix. It first determines the state of each row of the continuous matrix then generates concepts with each row as an object every time. It had been proved that the time complexity of the algorithm is O(n). It is significantly higher than the efficiency of the existing algorithms. This approach utilizes continuous matrix and provides new idea in formal concept analysis.
Identification and functional relevance of de novo DNA methylation in cancerous B‐cell populations

Epigenetic remodeling is a hallmark of cancer, with the frequent acquisition of de novo DNA methylation in CpG islands. However, the functional relevance of de novo DNA methylation in cancer is less well defined. To begin to address this issue in B‐cells, we used BeadArray assays to survey the methylation status of over 1,500 cancer‐related CpG loci in two molecular subtypes of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (ABC‐DLBCL and GCB‐DLBCL) and cognate normal B‐cell populations. We identified 81 loci that showed frequent de novo DNA methylation in GCB‐DLBCL and 67 loci that showed frequent de novo DNA methylation in ABC‐DLBCL. These de novo methylated CpG loci included reported targets of polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) in stem cells. All candidate loci in GCB‐DLBCL are proximal to genes that are poorly expressed or silent in purified normal germinal center (GC) B‐cells. This is consistent with the hypothesis that de novo DNA methylation in cancer is more frequently involved in the maintenance rather than the initiation of gene silencing (de novo repression). This suggests that epigenetic switching occurs during tumorigenesis with de novo DNA methylation locking in gene silencing normally mediated by transcriptional repressors. Furthermore, we propose that similar to de novo genetic mutations, the majority of de novo DNA methylation events observed in tumors are passengers not causally involved in tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 818–827, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental results for current-based analog scan

This paper presents the design of current-mode circuits for analog scan, which include the highly accurate current-mirror scan latches and the analog shift registers. Experimental data from a test chip fabricated in Orbit 2-micron CMOS Foresight process illustrates that the accuracy of the circuits is sufficient for use in analog on-chip scan-based testing. The interface between analog scan and the P1149.4 test bus is discussed to show system-level applications of this technique.
Comprehensive modeling and functional analysis of Toll‐like receptor ligand‐recognition domains

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune pattern‐recognition receptors endowed with the capacity to detect microbial pathogens based on pathogen‐associated molecular patterns. The understanding of the molecular principles of ligand recognition by TLRs has been greatly accelerated by recent structural information, in particular the crystal structures of leucine‐rich repeat‐containing ectodomains of TLR2, 3, and 4 in complex with their cognate ligands. Unfortunately, for other family members such as TLR7, 8, and 9, no experimental structural information is currently available. Methods such as X‐ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance are not applicable to all proteins. Homology modeling in combination with molecular dynamics may provide a straightforward yet powerful alternative to obtain structural information in the absence of experimental (structural) data, provided that the generated three‐dimensional models adequately approximate what is found in nature. Here, we report the development of modeling procedures tailored to the structural analysis of the extracellular domains of TLRs. We comprehensively compared secondary structure, torsion angles, accessibility for glycosylation, surface charge, and solvent accessibility between published crystal structures and independently built TLR2, 3, and 4 homology models. Finding that models and crystal structures were in good agreement, we extended our modeling approach to the remaining members of the TLR family from human and mouse, including TLR7, 8, and 9.
Disproof of a Conjecture of Neumann-Lara

We disprove the following conjecture due to Victor Neumann-Lara: for every pair $(r,s)$ of integers such that $r\geq s\geq 2$, there is an infinite set of circulant tournaments $T$ such that the dichromatic number and the cyclic triangle free disconnection of $T$ are equal to $r$ and $s$, respectively. Let $\mathcal{F}_{r,s}$ denote the set of circulant tournaments $T$ with $dc(T)=r$ and $\overrightarrow{\omega }_{3}\left( T\right) =s$. We show that for every integer $s\geq 4$ there exists a lower bound $b(s)$ for the dichromatic number $r$ such that $\mathcal{F}_{r,s}=\emptyset $ for every $r<b(s)$. We construct an infinite set of circulant tournaments $T$ such that $dc(T)=b(s)$ and $\overrightarrow{\omega }_{3}(T)=s$ and give an upper bound $B(s)$ for the dichromatic number $r$ such that for every $r\geq B(s)$ there exists an infinite set $\mathcal{F}_{r,s}$ of circulant tournaments. Some infinite sets $\mathcal{F}_{r,s}$ of circulant tournaments are given for $b(s)<r<B(s)$.
P1B-5 Real-time Tissue Compression Quality Feedback for Optimized Freehand Elasticity Imaging

As pathological conditions often produce changes in biological tissue stiffness, real-time freehand elasticity imaging provides valuable information, facilitating the detection and diagnosis process. Its disadvantage, however, consists of exhaustive operator training, as obtaining superior quality strain images requires continuous adjustment of the compression technique. The sonographer needs to maintain a constant compression rate, exclusively on the axial direction of the imaging transducer, while avoiding lateral and out-of-plane tissue motions. A compression analysis algorithm was designed to estimate in real-time the strain image quality prior to actually computing the image by assessing the quantity and quality of tissue compression versus depth. The algorithm employed a criterion for automatic selection of the most advantageous frame pairs (pre- and post-compression) producing elasticity images of optimal dynamic ranges and signal-to-noise ratios while providing live graphical compression feedback to the operator. The algorithm was implemented on a modified commercial scanner (Aloka SSD5500) equipped with a newly developed static elasticity imaging module. The strain images were displayed using a graphic interface specially developed to include both the compression feedback and a combined B-Mode / strain display. Results of breast elasticity were obtained at Yale New Haven Hospital, CT for various solid masses and cysts, including benign and malignant cases which validated the algorithm. Over 30 patients were scanned during this initial phase. The operator training was facilitated by the provided graphical compression feedback significantly reducing the learning period. The frame pair selection criterion optimized the trade-off between the amount of images obtained and their quality and reduced radically the amount of artifact in the images while lowering the computational burden. During the offline review process of the collected elasticity data, the information indicating the tissue compression quantity and quality confirmed the quality of raw data behind the elasticity images
Flow-induced Wall Shear Stress in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Part I - Steady Flow Hemodynamics

Numerical predictions of blood flow patterns and hemodynamic stresses in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAAs) are performed in a two-aneurysm, axisymmetric, rigid wall model using the spectral element method. Homogeneous, Newtonian blood flow is simulated under steady conditions for the range of Reynolds numbers 10 h Re h 2265. Flow hemodynamics are quantified by calculating the distributions of wall pressure (p w ), wall shear stress ( w ), Wall Shear Stress Gradient (WSSG). A correlation between maximum values of hemodynamic stresses and Reynolds number is established, and the spatial distribution of WSSG is considered as a hemodynamic force that may cause damage to the arterial wall at an intermediate stage of AAA growth. The temporal distribution of hemodynamic stresses in pulsatile flow and their physical implications in AAA rupture are discussed in Part II of this paper.
Public Healthcare Management and Achieving Excellence of Slovenian Physicians

The purpose of the article is to determine excellence in the implementation of Slovenian physicians’ work in public healthcare and the influence of quality management and excellence in public healthcare, and, above all stress management and health preservation of Slovenian physicians. Leading employees nowadays pose a particular challenge for every manager. Healthcare system is an organised system with the function to take care about the fulfilment of objectives linked to a better and more efficient health status and life quality of population. Medical care is financed by compulsory health insurance contributions, voluntary health insurance, by expenses from private means and by budget appropriations. On one hand, with their competency, knowledge, quality implementation of work, physicians take care about successful treatment of patients on a daily basis. On the other hand, there is a question whether public healthcare dedicates enough attention to physicians, so that they can achieve the highest level of excellence. In the research conducted among Slovenian physicians from the primary and tertiary level of public healthcare, we alleged the statements about the excellence of Slovenian physicians in public healthcare. This research is our contribution to the improvement of Slovenian physicians’ excellence in public healthcare.
Chloroplast behaviour and interactions with other organelles in Arabidopsis thaliana pavement cells

ABSTRACT Chloroplasts are a characteristic feature of green plants. Mesophyll cells possess the majority of chloroplasts and it is widely believed that, with the exception of guard cells, the epidermal layer in most higher plants does not contain chloroplasts. However, recent observations on Arabidopsis thaliana have shown a population of chloroplasts in pavement cells that are smaller than mesophyll chloroplasts and have a high stroma to grana ratio. Here, using stable transgenic lines expressing fluorescent proteins targeted to the plastid stroma, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, tonoplast, nucleus, mitochondria, peroxisomes, F-actin and microtubules, we characterize the spatiotemporal relationships between the pavement cell chloroplasts (PCCs) and their subcellular environment. Observations on the PCCs suggest a source–sink relationship between the epidermal and the mesophyll layers, and experiments with the Arabidopsis mutants glabra2 (gl2) and immutans (im), which show altered epidermal plastid development, underscored their developmental plasticity. Our findings lay down the foundation for further investigations aimed at understanding the precise role and contributions of PCCs in plant interactions with the environment. Summary: The spatiotemporal relationship between pavement cell chloroplasts and other organelles, and the differential stromule responses of pavement and mesophyll chloroplasts in Arabidopsis are presented.
Nonoxidized, biologically active parathyroid hormone determines mortality in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND It was shown that nonoxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) is bioactive, whereas the oxidation of PTH results in a loss of biological activity. METHODS In this study we analyzed the association of n-oxPTH on mortality in hemodialysis patients using a recently developed assay system. RESULTS Hemodialysis patients (224 men, 116 women) had a median age of 66 years. One hundred seventy patients (50%) died during the follow-up period of 5 years. Median n-oxPTH levels were higher in survivors (7.2 ng/L) compared with deceased patients (5.0 ng/L; P = .002). Survival analysis showed an increased survival in the highest n-oxPTH tertile compared with the lowest n-oxPTH tertile (χ², 14.3; P = .0008). Median survival was 1702 days in the highest n-oxPTH tertile, whereas it was only 453 days in the lowest n-oxPTH tertile. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression showed that higher age increased odds for death, whereas higher n-oxPTH reduced the odds for death. Another model analyzing a subgroup of patients with intact PTH (iPTH) concentrations at baseline above the upper normal range of the iPTH assay (70 ng/L) revealed that mortality in this subgroup was associated with oxidized PTH but not with n-oxPTH levels. CONCLUSIONS The predictive power of n-oxPTH and iPTH on the mortality of hemodialysis patients differs substantially. Measurements of n-oxPTH may reflect the hormone status more precisely. The iPTH-associated mortality is most likely describing oxidative stress-related mortality.
Understanding the feasibility of scaled III–V TFET for logic by bridging atomistic simulations and experimental results

A detailed comparison between III-V TFET's experimental characteristics and atomistic quantum mechanical predictions is reported to study the validity of the performance improvement predictions of a scaled TFET. Simulations did not employ any fitting parameters to match the experimental data, but instead used material and geometry parameters as the only inputs. The results show that the experimental and simulation characteristics are in reasonable agreement, suggesting that the experimental devices are without significant unknown effects or defects, and the atomistic simulations have good predictability. The differences between scaled TFET predictions and large experimental TFET devices are shown to be due to the geometry, meaning that improved electrostatics with thin body and double-gate (DG) is required for TFET scaling. Results demonstrate that the III-V TFET is a realistic candidate for future low-voltage logic applications.
Suppression of eukaryotic translation termination by selected RNAs.

Using selection-amplification, we have isolated RNAs with affinity for translation termination factors eRF1 and eRF1.eRF3 complex. Individual RNAs not only bind, but inhibit eRF1-mediated release of a model nascent chain from eukaryotic ribosomes. There is also significant but weaker inhibition of eRF1-stimulated eRF3 GTPase and eRF3 stimulation of eRF1 release activity. These latter selected RNAs therefore hinder eRF1.eRF3 interactions. Finally, four RNA inhibitors of release suppress a UAG stop codon in mammalian extracts dependent for termination on eRF1 from several metazoan species. These RNAs are therefore new specific inhibitors for the analysis of eukaryotic termination, and potentially a new class of omnipotent termination suppressors with possible therapeutic significance.