Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dietary patterns: time to simplify the message until we can clarify the specifics.

There is much recent interest in dietary patterns, as evidenced by recent articles examining secular trends in dietary patterns [1 ,2], assessing the relationship between self-selected dietary patterns and health outcomes [3 ,4 ,5,6], evaluating health implications of interventions to alter dietary patterns [7 ,8 ,9], and assessing the personal [10,11] and environmental [12 ,13 ,14] cost of differing dietary patterns. These reports further emphasize the importance of dietary patterns to individual and public health and begin to address the integration of dietary patterns into personal and national, if not global, economies. These new data raise as many questions as they answer. What are the critical features of ideal or optimal dietary pattern(s)? How much personalization is appropriate? How much variety is really needed? What are the personal, national, and global costs associated with ideal or optimal dietary pattern(s)? Finally, and importantly, to achieve the benefits that might be expected by widespread improvement of dietary pattern(s), what are opportunities for promoting the public adoption of more healthful dietary patterns?
Impact of Imperfect Channel Estimation Error and Jamming on the Performance of Decode-and-Forward Relaying

In this paper, we analyze the bit error rate (BER) and the throughput of decode-and-forward (DF) relaying with imperfect channel estimation and in the presence of a jammer in the network. We consider a single DF relay scenario with orthogonal cooperative protocols and an active jammer during all the transmission phases attacking the relay and destination nodes in the network. In our analysis, we assume that the complex fading channel coefficients are estimated at the relay and destination levels with errors. We derive the error performance and the throughput of the network then we quantify the impact of channel estimation and the jamming power through the derivation of analytical performance expressions. Our simulation results confirm the accuracy of our analytical BER expression and quantify the performance degradation due to channel estimation and jamming signals. Also, simulation results show the performance of the throughput of the proposed system.
Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology an Overview of Information Tools and Technologies for Competitive Intelligence Building: Theoretical Approach

The paper refers to the Competitive Intelligence (CI) that is an important area of study for both practitioners and researches. CI is a subset of Business Intelligence (BI), providing balanced picture of the environment to the decision makers. It concerns the collecting and analyzing of the information about the behaviors of the various markets' actors in order to make certain decisions based on market trends. This type of information is mainly semi-structured or unstructured nature in contrast to the well-structured information used in BI. It turns out that many previous information tools used to build BI are insufficient and adequate for CI. The research study is mainly exploratory and descriptive in nature, with the objective of providing an overview of the issue of CI and investigating the various information tools and technologies for CI building. The structure of this paper is organized as follows. Firstly, the idea of CI is explained and the most important differences between BI and CI are highlighted. Next, the most significant information tools and technologies for building CI are preceded. Finally, some guidelines and recommendations are provided in order to build CI in organizations. Some limitations of this research are indicated as well. What is more, further studies on CI are outlined. The paper provides some valuable information on using different information tools and technologies for CI building. The results of this study may be useful for ICT specialists, as well as for the organizations that plan to build CI.
Exploratory Web Searching with Dynamic Taxonomies, Results Clustering and Visualization

The general objective of this dissertation is to elaborate on methods and techniques for exploring and progressively refining large volumes of heterogeneous information, through the provision of appropriate models of interaction and visualization techniques. The goal is to support advanced in accuracy and completeness answers, appropriate for supporting decision making, while the user is not obliged to formulate complex queries or to use specific user profiles. Instead, it will be attempted to provide user with ”all” beneficial options to adjust or restrict the information received, in a summarized, concise and intuitive manner. The navigation should provide appropriate data visualization techniques, in order to exploit the ability of the human brain for rapid understanding and perception of visual information, and the ability to discover standards and relationships through it.
Tailoring African rice value chains to consumers.

(eds M.C.S. Wopereis et al.) 303 relies on imports to supply half of its demand for rice. In May 2008, world rice prices tripled in just a few months to reach 30-year, inflationadjusted highs. With these dramatic price-spikes, combined with an overall import level into West Africa that over time had swelled to 6 million tonnes (Mt) (i.e. 20% of the world’s rice imports) (USAID, 2009), governments could no longer afford traditional price interventions to protect domestic rice consumers from the volatility of the global rice market. Although the 2008 rice price crisis may in part have been driven by temporary speculation and a weak US dollar, there are underlying structural trends that have caused an increase in the price of rice (and other staple foods) to a higher plateau. The comparative advantage of local rice production has been one of the key issues in the food-policy debate in Africa since the early 1980s (Pearson et al., 1981). However, policies for increasing competitiveness have mainly focused on productivity and prices. The 1994 devaluation of the CFA franc – a failed attempt to reverse the historical urban bias and divert African consumers from imported to local grains – clearly illustrated that price policies do not work well in the context of the African rice sector due to a low price response by rice consumers and producers (Diagana et al., 1999). This suggests that Introduction
Rotman lens development history at Raytheon Electronic Warfare Systems 1967-1995

During the three decade period 1967-1995, Electronic Warfare Systems Division utilized, developed and advanced Rotman lens (Rotman, W. and Turner, R.F., 1962; 1963) technology to a significant degree and implemented it in many of their multibeam systems (Archer, D., 1975; 1984). Most Raytheon multibeam programs use Rotman lenses and Raytheon's multibeam related technology has accounted for several billion dollars of business to date. The frequency independent beam pointing angle characteristic of the Rotman lens due to its true time delay nature makes it ideal for many broad bandwidth electronic warfare (EW) systems, such as those developed at Raytheon. The twelve most significant related technology developments and the six most significant Rotman lens products from Raytheon are summarized.
A Stochastic Diffusion Process Based on the Two-Parameters Weibull Density Function

: Stochastic modeling concerns the use of probability to model real-world situations in which uncertainty is present. Therefore, the purpose of stochastic modeling is to estimate the probability of outcomes within a forecast, i.e. to be able to predict what conditions or decisions might happen under different situations. In the present study, we present a model of a stochastic diffusion process based on the bi-Weibull distribution function (its trend is proportional to the bi-Weibull probability density function). In general, the Weibull distribution has the ability to assume the characteristics of many different types of distributions. This has made it very popular among engineers and quality practitioners, who have considered it the most commonly used distribution for studying problems such as modeling reliability data, accelerated life testing, and maintainability modeling and analysis. In this work, we start by obtaining the probabilistic characteristics of this model, as the explicit expression of the process, its trends, and its distribution by transforming the diffusion process in a Wiener process as shown in the Ricciaardi theorem. Then, we develop the statistical inference of this model using the maximum likelihood methodology. Finally, we analyse with simulated data the computational problems associated with the parameters, an issue of great importance in its application to real data with the use of the convergence analysis methods. Overall, the use of a stochastic model reflects only a pragmatic decision on the part of the modeler. According to the data that is available and the universe of models known to the modeler, this model represents the best currently available description of the phenomenon under consideration.
Examining attitudes towards safe speed to protect pedestrians

Share of night time pedestrian fatalities has been associated with human factors for many years. The focus of the present paper aims to examine the option of introducing 40km/h night zone speed limit. Particularly targeting the 60km/h limit roads to further protect pedestrians. Questionnaires of the study were distributed to a random sample of four groups. Australians (born in Australia) and three others, Australians born in different countries and belongs to Africa, Asia and Europe. The Questionnaires were related to preference of introducing 40km/h during the night (Night Zone) and also related to the delay concerns of introducing 40km/h during the day (Day Zone). The total number of participants in the study is 300 of the four groups. Each group has 75 participants. The study utilized age, gender and marital status as independent variables. Literature search has found different pedestrian fatality trends of the four cultural groups some are ascending and the others are descending. Therefore the study hypotheses that cultural groups living in Perth are different in terms of their attitudes towards the preference Night Zone and the delay concerns of the Day Zone. Acceptance of the Night Zone preference reached 64 % whereas; the mean rate responses reached 74 % for the Day Zone delay concerns. It was learned from results that attitudes differences existed between the cultural groups on both Night Zone and Day Zone options as hypothesised. Result showed that Asian group recorded the lowest rate for the Night Zone preference and cluster analysis depicted that clearly. There was statistically significant difference on drivers obeying the sign limit, between Asian and two groups namely African and Australian. Similarly cluster analysis performed for the Day Zone, indicated that European group was away from the rest of the clustered groups showing less concerns of implementing the Day Zone option on particular issue and that is, “European group do not believe that the delay is caused by the 40km/h speed limit but rather they believe it is due to the traffic signals”. Australian group were the most concern about implementing the Day Zone
Sınıf Yönetimine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri

Bu calismada, ilkogretim ve ortaogretim kademelerinde calisan ogretmenlerin, “sinif yonetimi” kavramina iliskin goruslerini; “ogretmen ozellikleri, “sergilenen yaklasimlar”, “karsilasilan sorunlar” ve “oneriler” boyutlarinda incelemek amaclanmistir. Calismada, ogretmenlerin goruslerini belirlemek amaciyla betimsel analiz yaklasimi kullanilmistir. Calismanin orneklemini 2009–2010 egitim ogretim yili Rize ilindeki ilkogretim ve ortaogretim kurumlarinda gorev yapan toplam 42 ogretmen olusturmaktadir. Calismada, 4 acik uclu sorudan olusan yazili gorusme formu kullanilmistir. Arastirmacilar tarafindan orneklemdeki ogretmenlerin ifadeleri arasindaki benzerlik ve farkliliklar karsilastirilarak kategoriler olusturulmustur. Calisma sonucunda, etkili bir sinif yonetimi icin onemli gorulen ogretmen ozellikleri; “kisisel ozellikler”, “mesleki ozellikler” ve “ogrenciye yaklasim” olarak belirlenmistir. Calismada yer alan ogretmenlerin sinif yonetiminde onlemsel, gelisimsel ve tepkisel yaklasimlara uygun davranislar sergiledikleri gorulmustur. Ayrica, ogretmenlerin en cok karsilastigi sorunlar ogrenci farkliliklari, farkli aile ortamlarinin yansimasi ve ogrencinin derse tutumu olarak belirlenmistir. Uygulanacak hizmet oncesi ve hizmet ici egitim programlari ile tum ogretmenlerin sinif yonetiminde cagdas yaklasimlara uygun bir anlayisa ve yeterlige sahip olmalarinin saglanmasi onerilmektedir. Ayrica, ogretmenlerle okul, aile, cevre ve rehberlik hizmetleri arasinda siki bir isbirligi saglanmasi icin gerekli duzenlemeler yapilmasi onerilmektedir.
A novel non-invasive trans-reflectance photoplethysmographic probe for use in cases of low peripheral blood perfusion

The acquisition of reliable and meaningful photo-plethysmographic (PPG) signals using conventional pulse oxime-try technology may be compromised by conditions of low tissue perfusion. We have developed a novel ‘trans-reflectance’ PPG measurement system which combines reflectance and transmit-tance together into a single mode. For comparison purposes the system also enables the independent display of reflectance and transmittance PPG signals simultaneously. Preliminary experiments were performed on volunteers to assess the performance of the probe, where, artificial hypoperfusion was created in individuals and data was recorded with the newly developed trans-reflectance photoplethysmographic mode, and the conventional transmittance and reflectance PPG modes. The PPG signals recorded during hypoperfusion using the trans-reflectance mode were of good quality with higher signal-to-noise ratio than those obtained from the transmittance and reflectance modes.
A comparison of pragmatic language in boys with autism and fragile X syndrome.

PURPOSE Impaired pragmatic language (i.e., language use for social interaction) is a hallmark feature of both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common known monogenic disorder associated with ASD. However, few cross-population comparisons of ASD and FXS have been conducted, and it is unclear whether pragmatic language profiles in these conditions overlap. METHOD The authors used seminaturalistic and standardized assessment methods to characterize pragmatic language abilities of 29 school-aged boys with idiopathic ASD, 38 with FXS and comorbid ASD, 16 with FXS without ASD, 20 with Down syndrome, and 20 with typical development. RESULTS Similar severity of pragmatic language deficits was observed in both of the groups with ASD (idiopathic and fragile X-associated). ASD comorbidity had a detrimental effect on the pragmatic language skills of the boys with FXS. Some different patterns emerged across the two pragmatic assessment tools, with more robust group differences observed in pragmatics assessed in a seminaturalistic conversational context. CONCLUSION These findings have implications for pragmatic language assessment and intervention, as well as for understanding the potential role of the fragile X gene, Fragile X Mental Retardation-1, in the pragmatic language phenotype of ASD.
Exploring the Geographic Information Universe: The Role of Search Technologies

The convergence of Earth-observing media, web technologies, and cheap, portable devices has resulted in an explosion of geographic information. Although powerful, the “geographic information universe” metaphor obfuscates the deeply social and political nature of the socio-technical systems in which the flood of geographic information is produced and consumed. Unlike the physical universe that exists beyond human purposes, the geographic information universe has identifiable access points that define its boundaries and shape its inner structure: search technologies provide the main interface between data flows and users, enabling them to rapidly extract useful fragments of information. This article argues for an inter-disciplinary effort to understand search technologies and their implications for the geographic information universe, both for its inhabitants and its observers.
Recommendation of OERs shared in social media based-on social networks analysis approach

The access to information is essential to learning as much as instruction. The evolution of the Web, from Web 1.0, where we were consumers of information, to a Web 2.0 where now we are producers and consumers of information, has allowed the Web becomes a huge database and in constant expansion. In these days much of the information published on the Web is published on social media, represented through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, to name only the most prominent. Each of the media and social networks has its own scheme of operation and different working characteristics, ranging from the length of text that can be used, the use of different forms to identify topics until reaching the reciprocity of relationship between the participants. For example Twitter is a social network where millions of daily messages called Tweets are exchanged, within the message can be used labels, called hashtags, to identify the subject of the message, the message also may include links to other resources that expand the original content or showing interesting information and the relationships between users are represented as non reciprocal relationships named "Following". The extraction of information posted on social networks is solved in this research through the use of linked data, that allow retrieving resources and link with other external sources, graphs databases that help represent the working scheme of a social network, and with social network analysis (SNA), technique to discover relevant information that goes beyond the individual properties. The scope of this paper is to use information that is published on Twitter to extract and recommend Open Educational Resources in order to help with the learning process. The results obtained are a set of recommendations on users (identified as experts) and virtual communities (lists of Twitter users) and related events, according to the learning needs described as tags.
Needs, Desires and the Experience of Scarcity

This article contributes to the new field of post-Soviet consumer culture studies by exploring the meanings of recreational shopping carried by the Estonian notion of s oppamine, adapted from the English word ‘shopping’. It draws on empirical data derived from 71 original interviews with Estonian-speaking consumers. Underlying these respondents’ normative judgements of their own and others’ shopping behaviour is a system of moral concepts in which ‘need’ and ‘restraint’ are continually juxtaposed against ‘desire’,‘pleasure’ and ‘excess’. This opposition, while common to a range of consumer contexts, takes a specific form in the post-Soviet conditions of Estonia, marked by a shift from a collectively experienced absence of consumer goods in general to an individually perceived scarcity - either material, in the form of the money to buy available goods, or symbolic, based on an opinion that the new commodities are insufficiently sophisticated.
Cost-effectiveness of seven IVF strategies: results of a Markov decision-analytic model.

BACKGROUND A selective switch to elective single embryo transfer (eSET) in IVF has been suggested to prevent complications of fertility treatment for both mother and infants. We compared seven IVF strategies concerning their cost-effectiveness using a Markov model. METHODS The model was based on a three IVF-attempts time horizon and a societal perspective using real world strategies and data, comparing seven IVF strategies, concerning costs, live births and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS In order to increase pregnancy probability, one cycle of eSET + one cycle of standard treatment policy [STP, i.e. eSET in patients <38 years of age with at least one good quality embryo and double embryo transfer (DET) in the remainder of patients] + one cycle of DET have an ICER of 16,593 euro compared with three cycles of eSET. Furthermore, three STP cycles have an ICER of 17,636 euro compared with one cycle of eSET + one cycle of STP + one cycle of DET, and three DET cycles have an ICER of 26,729 euro compared with three cycles STP. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that in patients qualifying for IVF treatment, combining several transfer policies was not cost-effective. A choice has to be made between three cycles of eSET, STP or DET. It depends, however, on society's willingness to pay which strategy is to be preferred from a cost-effectiveness point of view.
Architecture Viewpoint for Modeling Business Collaboration Concerns using Workflow Patterns

Businesses today rarely operate in isolation but must collaborate with others in a coordinated fashion. To address collaboration concerns, business analysts need to design business processes. Business process designs have a direct impact on the required software systems and the corresponding architectural design. Conversely, the architectural design imposes constraints on the business process designs. Unfortunately, business processes and software architectures are often designed separately leading to a misalignment between the two. To bridge this gap we propose the architecture collaboration viewpoint to be used by teams of business analysts and software architects when addressing business collaboration concerns. The collaboration viewpoint uses elements from business process and architecture viewpoints to provide new modeling artifacts for alignment. The design artefacts are mapping tables and workflow pattern diagrams that are used to identify misalignments and redesign the business processes. The viewpoint facilitates the communication between business analysts and architects. We illustrate the collaboration viewpoint for a food supply chain transparency system from a real industrial case study.
Behavior Problems of Gifted and Nongifted Elementary School Girls and Boys

A most interesting controversy related to educating the gifted is the social-personal functioning of this group. As reviews commonly point out, some early positions taken were that genius often is accompanied by maladjustment (e.g., Lombroso, 1891; see Callahan,1981; Getzels & Dillon, 1973). Yet the opposite perspective was also advocated. that gifted persons tend to experience superior social and personal adjustment (Cox, 1926; Hollingworth, 1927, Terman, 1925). On balance, research on the adjustment of gifted youngsters has tended to support the latter view. Most of this research has relied heavily or even entirely on self-report methods of assessing personal adjustment and functioning. Thus, gifted children tend to do better than nongifted peers