Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
1 Preface for CBRSS presentation To the attendants of the CBRSS PPBW

Economic agents care about more than their own payo¤, as has been well documented by recent theoretical and experimental work on the economics of fairness. This paper develops a theory of how people’s distributional preferences depend on nonoutcome aspects of games. People care about how unequal allocations are, but they dislike inequalities more when those inequalities are more avoidable. Conversely, when inequalities are seen as more necessary, agents who are ahead of others become less charitable, and agents who are behind others become less envious (or more generous). This theory of set-dependent preferences provides parsimonious explanations of several puzzling behavioural patterns that have been observed in recent experimental studies and that are di¢cult to reconcile with current theories of fairness. 1 Preface for CBRSS presentation To the attendants of the CBRSS PPBW presentation: It is probably not useful for most of you to read the whole paper. This is written for an economics audience, and some of the paper directly addresses the fairly narrow literature on social preferences. I would prefer us to discuss how the idea of reference-dependent distributive preferences could be applied to political phenomena, so here is a roadmap indicating the sections you may concentrate on: 2 Sections 1-3 (pages 1-11) are essential and describe the previous literature (section 2) and my model of reference-dependence (section 3). 2 Section 4 (page 11-18) can be skimmed or skipped by those averse to econometrics; it shows that the model performs well in a large sample of experimental data. The remaining sections are less important. For those interested: 2 Sections 5-6 (page 18-26) discusses the model’s predictions in dictator and responder games, but do not refer to actual data. 2 Sections 7-8 (26-32) discuss earlier relevant results in public goods games and gift exchange games and shows how they can be explained by the reference-dependence model. These are interesting . ndings of puzzling behavioural patterns in experiments that simulate important types of economic interactions (public goods provision and labour markets, respectively). 2 The last two sections speculate about extensions and implications. Thanks for your interest, Martin Sandbu
Analysis of the Wavelet Ginzburg-Landau Energy in Image Applications with Edges

A wavelet analogue of the Ginzburg--Landau energy was recently designed and integrated in variational methods for image processing. In this paper we prove global well-posedness of the gradient descent equation (in the weak sense) and convergence to an extremum. We also develop further uses for this energy completed with an additional edge-preserving forcing term. We present examples including inpainting, superresolution, segmentation, denoising, and contour detection. Combining the spatial and the edge-preserving forcing terms gives an amazing flexibility of the model that is not only applicable to various image processing tasks but is also highly tunable.
Nonlinear and Symbolic Data Dependence Testing

One of the most crucial qualities of an optimizing compiler is its ability to detect when different data references access the same storage location. Such references are said to be data-dependent and they impose constraints on the amount of program modifications the compiler can apply for improving the program's performance. For parallelizing compilers, the most important program constructs to investigate are loops and the array references they contain. In previous work, we have found a serious limitation of current data dependence tests to be that they cannot handle loop bounds or array subscripts that are symbolic, nonlinear expressions. In this paper, we describe a dependence test, called the range test, that can handle such expressions. Briefly, the range test proves independence by determining whether certain symbolic inequalities hold for a permutation of the loop nest. Powerful symbolic analyses and constraint propagation techniques were developed to prove such inequalities. The range test has been implemented in Polaris, a parallelizing compiler developed at the University of Illinois. We present measurements of the range test's performance and compare it with state-of-the-art tests.
Implementation of Positioning Management System for Improtant Equipments Based on Internet of Things

Aimed at the needs of positioning management for important equipments at the police department, we design and implement a positioning management system based on Radio Frequency Identification, micro-controller, satellite navigation module and the network module. We present the design of the hardware circuit, the software flow chart and software interface. We also verify the accuracy and reliability of equipment location management system through the practical applications.
Frailty and Cognitive Impairment

Background: frailty is defined as a multifactorial syndrome leading to difficulties in maintaining homeostasis, and vulnerability to stressors. Depression shares many manifestations, risk factors and consequences with frailty. Some studies included cognitive assessment as a component to evaluate frailty. Aim of the work: this study aimed to assess depression and cognition in frail elderly and to assess if depression could be underlying link between cognitive function and frailty. Patients and methods: this case control study included 102 males and females elderly living in geriatric homes in Cairo and excluded those who were bedridden or had sensory impairment interfering with communication, stroke, Parkinsonism, severe osteoarthritis, or dyspnea on ordinary exertion. All patients were subjected to comprehensive geriatric assessment. Frailty was diagnosed using a modified version of Fried criteria. We used the physical activity metric that was constructed by Avila-Funes. Conclusion: this study showed that cognitive impairment and depression did not differ between frail and non-frail subjects.
Systematic And Idiosyncratic Risk In Middle-Market Default Prediction : A Study Of The Performance Of The RiskCalc TM And PFM TM Models Power Curves For North American Private Firms

Clients of MKMV (legacy Moody's Risk Management Services and legacy KMV) have often requested information on the relative performance of the legacy KMV Private Firm Model™ (PFM) and the legacy MRMS RiskCalc™ models. Embedded within such requests is a desire to understand better the relative importance of the various drivers that each model uses to predict default. These include equity market information on an industry and regional basis, in the case of PFM, and localized middle market financial statement data, which is used to parameterize and calibrate localized models , in the case of RiskCalc. Having successfully merged these two legacy organizations, we are now able to test these models rigorously and begin to answer some of these questions. In this Special Comment we present the results of our analysis of the relative performance of RiskCalc and PFM. We conducted a series of performance tests using native middle-market data from a number of geographies in Moody's Credit Research Database (CRD) which contains valid financial statement and loan performance information on over 900,000 unique middle market firms worldwide, including over 60,000 defaulted firms. 1 Based on the findings reported below, we recommend that clients interested in evaluating private firm default risk apply RiskCalc in geographies where it is available or where there is an adjacent RiskCalc model for a similar geography or accounting system. 2 We present the results of testing Moody's RiskCalc and PFM for predictive power and calibration accuracy. 3 Both models exhibit power in North America, but RiskCalc exhibits higher power along all dimensions measured including:-firms sizes;-industry sectors;-historical time periods; and-financial statement age. These results are robust and based on " out-of-sample " tests including data from periods after RiskCalc was released. 4 The differences in overall (pooled across all years) performance in North America (median ~ 8 points of AR in North America) appear to be significant and are usually greater than the differences between PFM and Z-Score, a publicly available academic model. 5 RiskCalc outperforms PFM for cyclical industries, however by a smaller margin than for non-cyclical industries. 6 Although the power of RiskCalc remains strong, the performances of both PFM and RiskCalc appear to deteriorate somewhat as financial statements become stale, with PFM deteriorating at a faster rate. 7 Preliminary testing indicates that the differences in power are more pronounced outside of North America (in the UK, France and Australia). 8 While the localization of …
Recognising Individuals Using Their Brain Patterns

In this paper, a novel method to recognise persons using their brain patterns is proposed. These brain patterns are obtained when the individuals perceive a picture. High frequency brain energy is used as features that are classified by Elman backpropagation neural network. The experimental results using 1600 brain signals from 40 individuals give average classification rate of 96.63%. This pilot investigation shows that the proposed method of recognising persons using their brain signals is worth further study
Control Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Four Rotors

Altitude and attitude controlled quadcopter model is used for the behavior and control algorithm testing, before the implementation on the experimental setup. The main objective is the control system design which will achieve good task performance in the combination with the quadcopter dynamic model. Also, for the control model, it is important to be relatively easy to modify for the use of other control algorithms and to be easy to implement on the experimental setup. At the beginning of this article, the control system design process is described. Quadcopter dynamics equations are simplified by applying several assumptions and in that form are used for the controller synthesis. Quadcopter control system is split into inner and outer control loop because the quadcopter is underactuated system which means that the direct control of all of the degrees of freedom is not possible. In the second part, the PI-D control algorithm is described which is applied on the simplified quadcopter dynamic model. The inner loop controls roll, pitch and yaw angles together with the quadcopter altitude. Its outputs are four control variables. Outer loop controls quadcopter X and Y position. Its outputs are roll and pitch desired angles. Regulated quadcopter model behavior is shown for the three types of task. First, the achieving of position in space is simulated. Second, the reference trajectory tracking is shown. Last task shown is the reference trajectory tracking with added periodical disturbances. Simulations show bounded positions error of the regulated quadcopter system using PI-D controller for the different types of tasks performed under different conditions.
Beliefs and Social Preferences

Why do people sacrifice to help others in some situations, but not in others? Besides a direct taste for helping others, I study three additional psychological motivations that involve beliefs: social-signaling, which holds that a person wants others to think of her as fair-minded; self-signaling, which says she would like to think of herself that way; and beliefs-based altruism, which says that she wants others to feel good from knowing that their payoffs come from wellintentioned actions. After developing a formal model of such motivations and differentiating between them conceptually, I experimentally study a dictator game in which the outcome may be determined by the dictator or by chance, and one in which the recipient is uncertain of the options available to the dictator. To distinguish among the three theories I vary the likelihood that the dictator’s choice will count and the recipient’s information about her choice, the conditions under which it was made, and her identity. I find little evidence of self-signaling or beliefs-based altruism, but stronger evidence for social-signaling. Lowering the expected cost of the decision to give by decreasing the likelihood that it will be implemented has little effect on dictator giving when the beliefs of the recipient are held constant. Increasing the recipient’s ability to discern whether his payoff is due to the dictator’s action—either by providing information about the likelihood that the dictator’s choice was implemented or by reducing anonymity—increases giving, which shows that subjects are concerned with others’ beliefs. Finally, subjects show little willingness to pay to provide information to a dictator game recipient about whether or not a dictator sacrificed to help him or withhold such information, even when doing so would allow the recipient to maintain positive beliefs about how he was treated. This suggests that the act of giving is largely tied to what it says about the giver as opposed to how it makes the recipient feel. ∗UC Berkeley. Email: zack@econ.berkeley. edu. I would like to thank Brenda Naputi, Lawrence Sweet and the UC Berkeley Xlab for invaluable support while carrying out the experiment. Matthew Rabin, Botond Kőszegi, Shachar Kariv, Ulrike Malmendier, and Stefano DellaVigna provided helpful comments and criticism. Participants at the UC Berkeley Psychology & Economics Seminar and non-lunch provided helpful feedback. This research was supported financially by the UC Berkeley Experimental Social Sciences Laboratory (Xlab), the UC Berkeley Institute for Business and Economic Relations (IBER) and the UC Berkeley Program in Psychology and Economics (PIPE).
Cortical Dipole Layer Imaging of Brain Electrical Activity in Horizontal and Sagittal Planes

Horizontal and sagittal dipole layer distributions were estimated from scalp electroencephalogram for three dimensional dipole imaging of brain electrical activity. Horizontal dipole layer being parallel to the brain surface has been used in previous head models. In the present study, the dipole layer distribution in the sagittal plane was also introduced to identify the position of dipole sources in three dimensions. The parametric projection filter was applied to an inverse problem in a homogeneous plane head model under various signal conditions. The present simulation results suggest that the depth information of dipole sources could be observed by the present method.
A PAC-Bayes Sample-compression Approach to Kernel Methods

We propose a PAC-Bayes sample compression approach to kernel methods that can accommodate any bounded similarity function and show that the support vector machine (SVM) classifier is a particular case of a more general class of data-dependent classifiers known as majority votes of sample-compressed classifiers. We provide novel risk bounds for these majority votes and learning algorithms that minimize these bounds.
The Prince and the Pauper: The effect of inherited-wealth status on productivity in the lab

There is limited theory and empirical evidence about the effects of inherited wealth and social comparison on individual labor-market behavior. Investigating the impact of inherited-wealth status â€“ an accident of birth rather than an outcome of competition â€“ contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying intergenerational inequality. This lab experiment analyses whether framed inherited endowments influence real-effort task performance. In particular, the analysis concerns the interaction between a framed inherited status in the lab and participantsâ€™ real intergenerational wealth status outside the lab. The results indicate that inheritance-framed endowments trigger a race gap (in favor of non-black participants) but identity-neutral lottery-framed endowments do not. Inheritance framing in the lab appears to trigger significant changes in behavior for Princes (participants that expect to inherit wealth from their parents) while opposite but non-significant effects are found for Paupers (who do not expect to inherit wealth from their parents).
Implementation of Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer to Minimize The Sidelobes And Reduce Mainlobe Width

Range resolution in radar can be achieved by splitting the long pulse of high energy into the high bandwidth of short pulses using pulse compression technique. Frequency modulation (Linear frequency modulation (LFM)) signal is used to improve range resolution. To get better range resolution, frequency step is introduced between a train of LFM pulses known as stepped frequency pulse train (the SFPT). The SFPT suffers from grating lobes when the product of sub-pulse duration and frequency step becomes more than one. The grating lobes and sidelobes present in the vicinity of the mainlobe. It can cause the false alarm detection and hide the small targets. In this work, Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Algorithm (MOGWO) is used to set the parameters of SFPT to mitigate the grating lobes and minimize the sidelobes at the matched filter output. Trade-off solutions between sidelobes versus grating lobes and mainlobe width versus sidelobes are obtained using the Pareto front for different ranges of SFPT parameters.
Failure to dephosphorylate retinoblastoma protein in drug-resistant cells.

Hypophosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (RB) accompanies the DNA damage-induced, p53-independent G1 arrest and apoptosis in two p53-null human leukemic cell lines, HL-60 and U937 (Q.P. Dou et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 9019-9023, 1995). When an HL-60 cell line resistant to cytosine arabinoside was exposed to this DNA-damaging agent, neither RB hypophosphorylation nor apoptosis were observed. In contrast, treatment of these cells with another DNA-damaging agent, etoposide, dramatically induced these events, which were inhibitable by the addition of zinc chloride, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Induction of hypophosphorylation of RB may be an important novel strategy for treating drug-resistant cancers.
A Hybrid Approach for Bracketing Noun Sequence

For a resource poor language like Hindi, it becomes very difficult to bracket a noun sequence using approaches which are only based on corpus or lexical database. For semantic knowledge, power of both type of resources is needed to be combined. Therefore, affinity in between two nouns is preferred to be measured using backoff association which is the combination of lexical and conceptual association. Also, syntax is important for this task. But syntactic rules do not work for the compound nouns which is a special case of noun sequences and it may also occur as the sub-sequence. Using hybrid approach, accuracy of 86.33% has been obtained.
SimRank and its variants in academic literature data: measures and evaluation

SimRank is a well-known link-based similarity measure that can be applied on a citation graph to compute similarity of academic literature data. The intuition behind SimRank is that two objects are similar if they are referenced by similar objects. SimRank has attracted a growing interest in the areas of data mining and information retrieval recently. Despite of the current success of SimRank, it has some problems that negatively affect its effectiveness in similarity computation. In this paper, we discuss the three existing problems of SimRank, present SimRank variants that have been proposed to solve those problems, and evaluate the effectiveness of SimRank and its variants in similarity computation for academic literature data by conducting extensive experiments on a real-world dataset.
Teachers’ beliefs and educational reform in India: from ‘learner-centred’ to ‘learning-centred’ education

ABSTRACT The challenges faced by learner-centred education (LCE) reforms in developing countries may be partly explained by their failure to engage with the culturally shaped beliefs in which teachers’ practice is rooted. Drawing from a mixed methods study of 60 government primary teachers in India, this research points to cultural tensions faced by LCE reforms in India. Although India’s own Constitutional values and pedagogical reform movements support LCE’s ideals, many teachers’ beliefs are shaped by dominant ideologies that contradict LCE’s assumptions. Imposing a predetermined, ‘Western’ model of LCE practice will inevitably face challenges if not supported by teachers’ underlying beliefs – and in fact contradicts LCE’s own ideals of empowering teacher agency. Instead, the paper argues for pedagogical reforms to focus less on a predesigned model of learner-centred practice and more on its underlying beliefs: by seeking to instil culturally relevant learning-centred beliefs, and involving teachers themselves in determining what learning-centred practice might look like within their context.
A Study of Automated Web Site Evaluation Tools

Web site usability and accessibility continues to be a pressing problem. Hence, there are over 30 automated evaluation tools to help designers to improve their sites. Unfortunately, there is little evidence about whether these tools actually improve sites from both the designer’s and the user’s perspectives. To gain insight, we conducted what we believe to be the first study of automated web site evaluation tools. We describe current practices for creating usable and accessible sites. We present findings from experienced designers’ usage of three automated evaluation tools to improve sites, and we present findings from users’ usage of the original and modified sites. We also discuss study implications.
Recombinant Rabies Viruses Expressing GM-CSF or Flagellin Are Effective Vaccines for Both Intramuscular and Oral Immunizations

Our previous studies indicated that recombinant rabies viruses (rRABV) expressing chemokines or cytokines (including GM-CSF) could enhance the immunogenicity by recruiting and/or activating dendritic cells (DC). In this study, bacterial flagellin was cloned into the RABV genome and recombinant virus LBNSE-Flagellin was rescued. To compare the immunogenicity of LBNSE-Flagellin with recombinant virus expressing GMCSF (LBNSE-GMCSF), mice were immunized with each of these rRABVs by intramuscular (i.m.) or oral route. The parent virus (LBNSE) without expression of any foreign molecules was included for comparison. The i.m. -immunized mice were bled at three weeks after the immunization for the measurement of virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) and then challenged with 50 LD50 challenge virus standard (CVS-24). Orally immunized mice were boosted after three weeks and then bled and challenged one week after the booster immunization. It was found that both LBNSE-GMCSF and LBNSE-Flagellin recruited/activated more DCs and B cells in the periphery, stimulated higher levels of adaptive immune responses (VNA), and protected more mice against challenge infection than the parent virus LBNSE in both the i.m. and the orally immunized groups. Together, these studies suggest that recombinant RABV expressing GM-CSF or flagellin are more immunogenic than the parent virus in both i.m. and oral immunizations.
Control Traffic Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

This paper presents a general model for analyzing the characteristics of routing control traffic and the influences of changing network parameters on these characteristics in mobile ad-hoc networks that use on-demand routing protocols. It provides an analytical framework for studying the features of control traffic due to mobility, node density and data traffic etc. Using this model, we found that: 1) there is an "stabilization" process in the spread of control traffic in MANETs, 2) clusters exist in mobile ad-hoc network, 3) there are backbone nodes, serving as a gateway to relay RREQ packets between different clusters. The analysis presented in this paper can be used for designing novel and efficient heuristic routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks.