Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compiler techniques for code compaction

In recent years there has been an increasing trend toward the incorpor ation of computers into a variety of devices where the amount of memory available is limited. This makes it desirable to try to reduce the size of applications where possible. This article explores the use of compiler techniques to accomplish code compaction to yield smaller executables. The main contribution of this article is to show that careful, aggressive, interprocedural optimization, together with procedural abstraction of repeated code fragments, can yield significantly better reductions in code size than previous approaches, which have generally focused on abstraction of repeated instruction sequences. We also show how “equivalent” code fragments can be detected and factored out using conventional compiler techniques, and without having to resort to purely linear treatments of code sequences as in suffix-tree-based approaches, thereby setting up a framework for code compaction that can be more flexible in its treatment of what code fragments are considered equivalent. Our ideas have been implemented in the form of a binary-rewriting tool that reduces the size of executables by about 30% on the average.
Differential Signaling Pathways in Angiotensin II- and Epidermal Growth Factor-stimulated Hepatic C9 Cells

Caveolin1 (Cav1) is an important component of the plasmamembrane microdomains, such as caveolae/lipid rafts, that are associated with angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors in certain cell types. The interactions of Cav1 with other signaling molecules that mediate AT1 receptor function were analyzed in angiotensin II (Ang II)- and EGF-stimulated hepatic C9 cells. This study demonstrated that cholesterol-rich domains mediate the actions of early upstream signaling molecules such as Src and intracellular Ca2+ in cells stimulated by Ang II, but not by EGF, and that Cav1 has a scaffolding role in the process of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, Cav1 phosphorylation by Ang II and EGF was regulated by intracellular Ca2+ and Src, further indicating reciprocal interactions among Cav1, Src, and intracellular Ca2+ through the AT1 receptor. Phosphorylation of Cav1 and the EGF receptor by Ang II, but not of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, was dependent on intracellular Ca2+. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) and wortmannin, differentially modulated both Cav1 and EGF receptor activation by Ang II through intracellular Ca2+. These findings further demonstrate the importance of Cav1 in conjunction with the receptor-mediated signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival. It is clear that differential signaling pathways are operative in Ang II- and EGF-stimulated C9 cells and that cholesterol-enriched microdomains are essential components in cellular signaling processes that are dependent on specific agonists and/or cell types.
Reactive multiword synchronization for multiprocessors

Shared memory multiprocessor systems typically provide a set of hardware primitives in order to support synchronization. Generally, they provide single-word read-modify-write hardware primitives such as compare-and-swap, load-linked/store-conditional and fetch-and-op, from which the higher-level synchronization operations are then implemented in software. Although the single-word hardware primitives are conceptually powerful enough to support higher-level synchronization, from the programmer's point of view they are not as useful as their generalizations to the multiword objects. We present two fast and reactive lock-free multiword compare-and-swap algorithms. The algorithms dynamically measure the level of contention as well as the memory conflicts of the multiword compare-and-swap operations, and in response, they react accordingly in order to guarantee good performance in a wide range of system conditions. The algorithms are nonblocking (lock-free), allowing in this way fast dynamical behavior. Experiments on thirty processors of a SGI Origin2000 multiprocessor show that both our algorithms react fast according to the contention variations and perform from two to nine times faster than the best known alternatives in all contention conditions.
Water ingestion increases sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge in normal human subjects.

A marked pressor response to water drinking has been observed in patients with autonomic failure and in the elderly, and has been attributed to sympathetic vasoconstrictor activation, despite the absence of such a pressor response in healthy subjects with intact sympathetic mechanisms. We investigated whether water drinking in normal subjects affected peripheral sympathetic neural discharge and its effect on vascular resistance. In nine normal human subjects, we examined the effect of water ingestion on muscle sympathetic neural activity from the peroneal nerve, as multi-unit bursts (muscle sympathetic nerve activity; MSNA) and as single-unit impulses (s-MSNA) with vasoconstrictor function, and on calf vascular resistance for 120 min. In each subject, water ingestion caused increases in s-MSNA and MSNA which peaked at 30 min after ingestion; they increased respectively (mean+/-S.E.M.) from 42+/-4 to 58+/-5 impulses/100 beats (P<0.01) and from 36+/-4 to 51+/-5 bursts/100 beats (P<0.001). There were corresponding increases in calf vascular resistance and in plasma noradrenaline levels. A significant correlation occurred between all of these data. In conclusion, measurement of MSNA has provided direct evidence that water drinking in normal human subjects increases sympathetic nerve traffic, leading to peripheral vasoconstriction. This sympathetic activation was not accompanied by significant changes in arterial blood pressure.
Fair Downlink Traffic Management for Hybrid LAA-LTE/Wi-Fi Networks

Due to the scarcity of the licensed spectrum allocated for mobile communication systems, licensed-assisted access long-term evolution (LAA-LTE) network is recently proposed to deploy in unlicensed spectrum, which is currently occupied by different Wi-Fi systems. It is a very challenging problem to ensure fair coexistence between LAA-LTE and Wi-Fi networks, in terms of spectrum sharing and traffic management. To solve this problem, a fair downlink traffic management (FDTM) scheme is proposed in this paper for hybrid LAA-LTE/Wi-Fi networks. FDTM aims to tune the minimum contention window ( $CW_{min}$ ) values and assigns feasible weights for the LAA eNBs with different traffic loads, thus to achieve; 1) fair spectrum sharing with the coexisting Wi-Fi networks in unlicensed spectrum and 2) fair service differentiation for downlink LAA-LTE traffic. Numerical results show our FDTM scheme can guarantee the throughput performance of Wi-Fi networks in shared unlicensed spectrum while supporting proportional fairness for the LAA eNBs with different traffic loads.
Statistical Analysis of Resource Usage of Embedded Systems Modeled in EAST-ADL

The growing complexity of modern automotive embedded systems requires new techniques for model-based design that take into consideration both software and hardware constraints, and enable verification at early stages of development. In this context, EAST-ADL has been developed as a domain-specific language dedicated to modeling functional-, software-, and hardware-architecture of automotive systems. This language offers convenient abstractions that support modeling of function, as well as relevant extra-functional properties, like timing and resource usage. These features make it a suitable framework for reasoning about the system's behavior. By providing formal semantics to the EAST-ADL language, as a network of priced timed automata, it becomes possible to reason about feasibility and worst-case resource consumption of the embedded components. In this paper, we show how to analyze such embedded systems modeled in EAST-ADL by using statistical model-checking. We report our experience from applying this approach to an industrial Brake-by-Wire system prototype.
Erosion–corrosion resistance of a β-Ta2O5 nanocrystalline coating in two-phase fluid impingement environments

ABSTRACT In this study, a β-Ta2O5 coating was deposited onto a Ti–6Al–4V substrate using a double-cathode glow discharge plasma technique. The hardness and elastic modulus values of the β-Ta2O5 coating were almost 4 times and 1.8 times greater than that of the Ti–6Al–4V substrate, respectively. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves indicated that the current densities of the β-Ta2O5 coated sample are least one order of magnitude less than that observed for the uncoated substrate under a solid/liquid slurry flow. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the resistance values for the β-Ta2O5 coating are of the order of 106 Ω cm2, and at the same erosion time, the resistance value for the β-Ta2O5 coating is one order of magnitude greater than that of the Ti–6Al–4V.
PINCO: a pipelined in-network compression scheme for data collection in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present PINCO, an in-network compression scheme for energy constrained, distributed, wireless sensor networks. PINCO reduces redundancy in the data collected from sensors, thereby decreasing the wireless communication among the sensor nodes and saving energy. Sensor data is buffered in the network and combined through a pipelined compression scheme into groups of data, while satisfying a user-specified end-to-end latency bound. We introduce a PINCO scheme for single-valued sensor readings. In this scheme, each group of data is a highly flexible structure so that compressed data can be recompressed without decompressing, in order to reduce newly available redundancy at a different stage of the network. We discuss how PINCO parameters affect its performance, and how to tweak them for different performance requirements. We also include a performance study demonstrating the advantages of our approach over other data collection schemes based on simulation and prototype deployment results.
Representation of Attended Versus Remembered Locations in Prefrontal Cortex

A great deal of research on the prefrontal cortex (PF), especially in nonhuman primates, has focused on the theory that it functions predominantly in the maintenance of short-term memories, and neurophysiologists have often interpreted PF's delay-period activity in the context of this theory. Neuroimaging results, however, suggest that PF's function extends beyond the maintenance of memories to include aspects of attention, such as the monitoring and selection of information. To explore alternative interpretations of PF's delay-period activity, we investigated the discharge rates of single PF neurons as monkeys attended to a stimulus marking one location while remembering a different, unmarked location. Both locations served as potential targets of a saccadic eye movement. Although the task made intensive demands on short-term memory, the largest proportion of PF neurons represented attended locations, not remembered ones. The present findings show that short-term memory functions cannot account for all, or even most, delay-period activity in the part of PF explored. Instead, PF's delay-period activity probably contributes more to the process of attentional selection.
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis of complex models: a Bayesian approach

Summary. In many areas of science and technology, mathematical models are built to simulate complex real world phenomena. Such models are typically implemented in large computer programs and are also very complex, such that the way that the model responds to changes in its inputs is not transparent. Sensitivity analysis is concerned with understanding how changes in the model inputs influence the outputs. This may be motivated simply by a wish to understand the implications of a complex model but often arises because there is uncertainty about the true values of the inputs that should be used for a particular application. A broad range of measures have been advocated in the literature to quantify and describe the sensitivity of a model's output to variation in its inputs. In practice the most commonly used measures are those that are based on formulating uncertainty in the model inputs by a joint probability distribution and then analysing the induced uncertainty in outputs, an approach which is known as probabilistic sensitivity analysis. We present a Bayesian framework which unifies the various tools of prob‐ abilistic sensitivity analysis. The Bayesian approach is computationally highly efficient. It allows effective sensitivity analysis to be achieved by using far smaller numbers of model runs than standard Monte Carlo methods. Furthermore, all measures of interest may be computed from a single set of runs.
Neural Correlates of Mental State Decoding in Human Adults: An Event-related Potential Study

Successful negotiation of human social interactions rests on having a theory of mindan understanding of how others' behaviors can be understood in terms of internal mental states, such as beliefs, desires, intentions, and emotions. A core theory-of-mind skill is the ability to decode others' mental states on the basis of observable information, such as facial expressions. Although several recent studies have focused on the neural correlates of reasoning about mental states, no research has addressed the question of what neural systems underlie mental state decoding. We used dense-array eventrelated potentials (ERP) to show that decoding mental states from pictures of eyes is associated with an N270400 component over inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions of the right hemisphere. Source estimation procedures suggest that orbitofrontal and medial temporal regions may underlie this ERP effect. These findings suggest that different components of everyday theory-of-mind skills may rely on dissociable neural mechanisms.
Anti-inflammatory Triterpenoid Blocks Immune Suppressive Function of MDSCs and Improves Immune Response in Cancer

Purpose: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major factors responsible for immune suppression in cancer. Therefore, it would be important to identify effective therapeutic means to modulate these cells. Experimental Design: We evaluated the effect of the synthetic triterpenoid C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9,-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me; bardoxolone methyl) in MC38 colon carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and EL-4 thymoma mouse tumor models, as well as blood samples from patients with renal cell cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. Samples were also analyzed from patients with pancreatic cancer treated with CDDO-Me in combination with gemcitabine. Results: CDDO-Me at concentrations of 25 to 100 nmol/L completely abrogated immune suppressive activity of MDSC in vitro. CDDO-Me reduced reactive oxygen species in MDSCs but did not affect their viability or the levels of nitric oxide and arginase. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with CDDO-Me did not affect the proportion of MDSCs in the spleens but eliminated their suppressive activity. This effect was independent of antitumor activity. CDDO-Me treatment decreased tumor growth in mice. Experiments with severe combined immunodeficient–beige mice indicated that this effect was largely mediated by the immune system. CDDO-Me substantially enhanced the antitumor effect of a cancer vaccines. Treatment of pancreatic cancer patients with CDDO-Me did not affect the number of MDSCs in peripheral blood but significantly improved the immune response. Conclusions: CDDO-Me abrogated the immune suppressive effect of MDSCs and improved immune responses in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. It may represent an attractive therapeutic option by enhancing the effect of cancer immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(6); 1812–23
Creativity and Triguna Personality of Managers

A creative person in the management field holds the key for success. The organizational excellence depends on innovative ideas of employee, who possesses divergent thinking, and harmony of mind and soul, and balance of temperament. Triguna theory of personality based on Samkhya philosophy of yoga (Kisor, 2001) describes that balance of gunas for exhibiting creativity. Present study describes the triguna personality of 40 managers from different metropolitan cities of India and their nature of creativity. IAS rating scale, and Wallach and Kogan verbal creativity test were the two measurement tools that were surveyed through mail. Based on the descriptive analysis, the following four types of personalities were identified: Sattvic, Rajasic, Sattvic-Rajasic, and Sattvic-Tamasic personalities. Kaur and Sinha (1992) identified that Sattvic personality performance is superior than other personalities, and correspondingly the results on creativity scale show that all personality groups have a urge to be creative, but managers with Sattvic personality are able to display their creative abilities very exceptionally than other groups, thus showing their balance and harmony of mind and soul.
A weighted communicability measure applied to complex brain networks

Recent advances in experimental neuroscience allow non-invasive studies of the white matter tracts in the human central nervous system, thus making available cutting-edge brain anatomical data describing these global connectivity patterns. Through magnetic resonance imaging, this non-invasive technique is able to infer a snapshot of the cortical network within the living human brain. Here, we report on the initial success of a new weighted network communicability measure in distinguishing local and global differences between diseased patients and controls. This approach builds on recent advances in network science, where an underlying connectivity structure is used as a means to measure the ease with which information can flow between nodes. One advantage of our method is that it deals directly with the real-valued connectivity data, thereby avoiding the need to discretize the corresponding adjacency matrix, i.e. to round weights up to 1 or down to 0, depending upon some threshold value. Experimental results indicate that the new approach is able to extract biologically relevant features that are not immediately apparent from the raw connectivity data.
A multi-opinion evolving voter model with infinitely many phase transitions

We consider an idealized model in which individuals' changing opinions and their social network coevolve, with disagreements between neighbors in the network resolved either through one imitating the opinion of the other or by reassignment of the discordant edge. Specifically, an interaction between x and one of its neighbors y leads to x imitating y with probability (1-α) and otherwise (i.e., with probability α) x cutting its tie to y in order to instead connect to a randomly chosen individual. Building on previous work about the two-opinion case, we study the multiple-opinion situation, finding that the model has infinitely many phase transitions (in the large graph limit with infinitely many initial opinions). Moreover, the formulas describing the end states of these processes are remarkably simple when expressed as a function of β=α/(1-α).
Comparison of LoRaWAN classes and their power consumption

Many Internet of Things (IoT) applications benefit greatly from low-power long-range connectivity. A promising technology to achieve the low-power and long-range requirements is seen in LoRaWAN, a media access control (MAC) protocol maintained by the LoRa Alliance and leveraging Semtech's patented LoRa radio modulation technology. LoRaWAN provides three different device classes (A, B and C), which provide a tradeoff between performance (i.e., throughput and latency) and energy consumption. This paper offers a theoretical and experimental comparison of these classes. The objective of the quantitative experiment was twofold: to verify the published current levels of different operating modes in a LoRa chip's datasheet and to compare the battery lifetime for the LoRa class A and C modes of operation. We used a high-end current sensing circuit to gather the voltage levels and temporal variation with increasing payload sizes and spreading factors. Using the Ohmic Law, the energy drain can be calculated and compared across the different spreading factors (SF) and classes.
Collaborative Ranking for Local Preferences

For many collaborative ranking tasks, we have access to relative preferences among subsets of items, but not to global preferences among all items. To address this, we introduce a matrix factorization framework called Collaborative Local Ranking (CLR). We justify CLR by proving a bound on its generalization error, the first such bound for collaborative ranking that we know of. We then derive a simple alternating minimization algorithm and prove that its running time is independent of the number of training examples. We apply CLR to a novel venue recommendation task and demonstrate that it outperforms state-of-the-art collaborative ranking methods on real-world data sets.
Design and Development of Biped Humanoid Robot, AMI2, for Social Interaction with Humans

The aim of this study is to design and implement a biped humanoid robot which can interact with humans. The developed robot consists of a self-contained body, head, two arms, with a two legged (biped) mechanism. Its control hardware includes vision and speech capabilities and various control boards such as motion controllers, with a signal processing board for several types of sensors. Using the developed robot, biped locomotion study and social interaction research were concurrently carried out. The developed robot can perform various movements with its two arms, and can track an object and a face using its active vision system. It is also able to perform emotional communications with human while it is walking
Evaluation of some extraction methods for the preparation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides for structural analysis.

The extraction of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from smooth strains of Salmonella typhimurium for structural studies using methylation analysis is preferably done by hot phenol-water method on a cell-wall preparation obtained by mechanical disintegration of γ-irradiated bacteria. The LPS obtained by this method was less contaminated than LPS extracted by hot phenol-water from acetone dried bacteria or bacteria pretreated with 1 per cent formaldehyde. LPS for structural analysis from rough mutants is, due to its lipophilic character, preferably extracted with a mixture of phenol, chloroform and petroleum ether. The presence of the precursor of the O side-chain, LI-hapten, in the different LPS- and supernatant fractions was assessed by gel precipitation tests. The LPS forms a line near the antigen well whereas the low molecular weight hapten forms a line near the antiserum well. The hapten was not formed in excess in the smooth strain S. typhimurium LT2. In the rough mutant studied, S. typhimurium SL 733, O-antigenic material was found in both the LPS-preparation (probably as a covalently linked O side-chain) and the supernatant (as a hapten).
Using a structured decision making protocol to stratify caseloads in the child support program

Using a Structured Decision Making Protocol to Stratify Caseloads in the Child Support Program by Steven J. Golightly MPA. , California State University, Dominguez Hills, 2007 BS, University of Phoenix, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University August 2010