Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lactate Contributes to Glyceroneogenesis and Glyconeogenesis in Skeletal Muscle by Reversal of Pyruvate Kinase*

Background: Lactate can contribute to glycogen in skeletal muscle, but the pathway of this conversion is uncertain. Results: Glyceroneogenesis and glyconeogenesis from lactate occur in muscle of rats with high blood glucose without prior mixing in the citric acid cycle. Conclusion: Trioses are generated via reversal of pyruvate kinase. Significance: Lactate contributes to glycerol and glycogen in skeletal muscle via reversal of pyruvate kinase. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) generated from pyruvate is required for de novo synthesis of glycerol and glycogen in skeletal muscle. One possible pathway involves synthesis of PEP from the citric acid cycle intermediates via PEP carboxykinase, whereas another could involve reversal of pyruvate kinase (PK). Earlier studies have reported that reverse flux through PK can contribute carbon precursors for glycogen synthesis in muscle, but the physiological importance of this pathway remains uncertain especially in the setting of high plasma glucose. In addition, although PEP is a common intermediate for both glyconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis, the importance of reverse PK in de novo glycerol synthesis has not been examined. Here we studied the contribution of reverse PK to synthesis of glycogen and the glycerol moiety of acylglycerols in skeletal muscle of animals with high plasma glucose. Rats received a single intraperitoneal bolus of glucose, glycerol, and lactate under a fed or fasted state. Only one of the three substrates was 13C-labeled in each experiment. After 3 h of normal awake activity, the animals were sacrificed, and the contribution from each substrate to glycogen and the glycerol moiety of acylglycerols was evaluated. The fraction of 13C labeling in glycogen and the glycerol moiety exceeded the possible contribution from either plasma glucose or muscle oxaloacetate. The reverse PK served as a common route for both glyconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis in the skeletal muscle of rats with high plasma glucose. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase was low in muscle, and no PEP carboxykinase activity was detected.
Effect of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medications on the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Inflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We examined the association of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with the risk of ALS in case‐control study of incident cases (n = 111) conducted within the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California during the years 1996–2000. Controls (n = 258) randomly selected from the same population were frequency matched by age and gender to the ALS cases. Information regarding use of NSAIDs (non‐aspirin and aspirin) and three classes of ‘control’ medications was collected by in‐person structured interview. Subjects who used medication at least twice a week for at least a month were classified as ‘ever users’. Multivariable logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, history of osteoarthritis/rheumatoid arthritis and pain, and other medication use. Overall, there was no association between NSAID use and ALS; however, some sex differences were noted for non‐aspirin NSAID use. Among men, non‐aspirin NSAID use was associated with a two‐fold increased risk of ALS (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–3.9), whereas among women, non‐aspirin NSAID use was not associated with increased ALS risk (adjusted OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1.2). ALS risk was not associated with aspirin use or with ‘control’ medications. This study did not find any evidence to suggest that NSAID use reduces the risk of ALS. The observed sex differences with non‐aspirin NSAID use could be due to chance or an unmeasured confounder.
Bug Report Enrichment with Application of Automated Fixer Recommendation

For large open source projects (e.g., Eclipse, Mozilla), developers usually utilize bug reports to facilitate software maintenance tasks such as fixer assignment. However, there are a large portion of short reports in bug repositories. We find that 78.1% of bug reports only include less than 100 words in Eclipse and require bug fixers to spend more time on resolving them due to limited informative contents. To address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel approach to enrich bug reports. Concretely, we design a sentence ranking algorithm based on a new textual similarity metric to select the proper contents for bug report enrichment. For the enriched bug reports, we conduct a user study to assess whether the additional sentences can provide further help to fixer assignment. Moreover, we assess whether the enriched versions can improve the performance of automated fixer recommendation. In particular, we perform three popular automated fixer recommendation approaches on the enriched bug reports of Eclipse, Mozilla, and GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). The experimental results show that enriched bug reports improve the average F-measure scores of the automated fixer recommendation approaches by up to 10% for DREX, 13.37% for DRETOM, and 8% for DevRec when top-10 bug fixers are recommended.
Turbulent Flow Simulation over a Wall-mounted Obstacle at Relatively Low Reynolds Numbers

t: In this paper the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations are solved numerically using a DNS ent model. The finite element (Galerkin) method is used for a 2D turbulent flow over a wall-mounted le at different Reynolds numbers. The flow characteristics of five different, relatively low Reynolds rs are studied. The time-mean averaged calculated flow characteristics, such as streamlines, velocity nents, wall pressure coefficient, turbulent intensities, Reynolds shear stress and fiction coefficient are ted and discussed. The instantaneous fluctuations of the stream-wise and cross-wise velocities are for different Reynolds numbers. The results are discussed with works of other researchers.
A maximum discrimination DEA method for ranking association rules in data mining

A data mining algorithm, such as Apriori, discovers a huge number of association rules (ARs) and therefore efficiently ranking all these rules is an important issue. This paper suggests a data envelopment analysis (DEA) method for ranking the discovered ARs using a maximum discrimination between the interestingness criteria defined for all ARs. It is shown that the proposed DEA model has a unique optimal solution which can be computed efficiently when the maximum discrimination between the criteria, the difference between DEA weights, is considered. The contribution of this study can be explained as follows: First, we show that using the conventional DEA model for ranking ARs may produce an invalid result because the weights corresponding to interestingness criteria would not discriminate between the criteria. This is investigated for a dataset consisting of 46 ARs with four criteria, namely support, confidence, itemset value and cross-selling. The paper also introduces the maximum discrimination between the weights of the criteria and obtains the optimal solution of the corresponding DEA model efficiently without the need of solving the related mathematical models. On the other hand, this model concludes less number of useful rule(s). A comparative analysis is then used to show the advantage of the proposed DEA method.
Assessing Competing Perspectives: A Critical Analysis of Guyana's National Grade Six Assessment

This article critically examines a number of competing perspectives on the impact of the National Grade Six Assessment, a high-stakes examination that is used as a tracking tool for students that are eleven years and older transitioning from primary schools into secondary schools in Guyana, a sovereign state on the northern mainland of South America. Hence, there is an achievement gap between children of affluent parents and children of low-income parents in the country. The article concludes that low-income parents cannot afford extra tutoring and private schools and therefore low-income students are marginalized, and that primary schools are not the great equalizer in terms of creating equity between children of low-income parents and children of affluent parents.
Bone morphogenetic proteins and neurotrophins provide complementary protection of septal cholinergic function during phosphatase inhibitor‐induced stress

Cultures of embryonic rat septum were exposed for 24–48 h to 2–5 nm okadaic acid (OA), an inhibitor of pp1A and pp2A phosphatases. This stress killed approximately 75% of neurons. A neurotrophin (NT) combination (nerve growth factor and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, each 100 ng/mL) plus a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP6 or BMP7, 5 nm) reduced the death of both cholinergic and non‐cholinergic neurons, and preserved choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity assayed 2–6 days post‐stress. This NT + BMP combination preserved ChAT activity better than either NTs or BMPs alone, and was effective even if trophic factor addition was delayed until 12 h after stress onset. A general caspase inhibitor (qVD‐OPH, 10 µg/mL) also increased survival of stressed cholinergic neurons, but its protection of ChAT activity was shorter lived than that produced by the NT + BMP combination. Neither the NT + BMP combination nor the caspase inhibitor reduced the OA‐induced increase in tau phosphorylation. These findings indicate that NTs and BMPs have synergistic protective effects against an OA stress, and suggest that at least some of these protective effects occur upstream of caspase activation.
Warning Prediction Sequential for Transient Error Prevention

Error Detection Sequential (EDS) is gaining enormous importance in timing error detection. In this work, we propose a warning detection scheme for sequential circuits which is very useful for dynamic, transient error prevention. The circuit consists of data edge detector, warning window generator and warning detector along with traditional Flip-flop. The delayed data is monitored during the warning window to flag a warning signal before the data enters the erroneous zone. We also propose an area efficient edge detector which reduces the area of the proposed FF substantially. The proposed circuit can be used in Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) for low power application and helps in determining when to stop further reduction in supply voltage. It is also useful in avoiding delay degradation due to aging. The feasibility of the circuit is simulated in industrial 65nm technology node.
Scale-Free Network Model with Evolving Local-World

Most real-world networks are best described by evolved network model. regarding of some limitation of the Barabasi-Albert scale-free network model to model the realistic world. The model is the generalization of Barabasi-Albert scale-free network model. Numerical simulations and theoretical analysis indicate that this network model follows power-law distribution, while the Barabasi-Albert scale-free network model is one of its special cases. The analytical expression is in good agreement with numerical calculations. It has more broad practical backgrounds. And it can simulate and describe the evolutions and characters of the many real-world networks more applicable and exactly.
Outils algébriques pour la résolution de problèmes géométriques et l'analyse de trajectoire de robots parallèles prévus pour des applications à haute cadence et grande précision

Les robots paralleles sont apparus sur les simulateurs de vol en raison de leurs dynamiques elevees. On cherche a les appliquer maintenant comme machine-outil. Les exigences de precision sont tres severes. Le 1er objectif est de trouver une methode de resolution des problemes geometriques. Peu d'implantations ont reussi a resoudre le cas general de la plateforme de Gough. On repertorie 8 formulations algebriques du modele geometrique. La methode exacte proposee est fondee sur le calcul de la base de Grobner et la representation univariee rationnelle. Cette methode est trop lente pour la poursuite de trajet. Le 2e objectif est la mise en oeuvre d'une methode iterative numerique (Newton) rapide et certifiee en s'appuyant sur le theoreme de Kantorovich et l'arithmetique par intervalle. Le 3e objectif est la faisabilite d'une tache d'usinage. Un simulateur de trajectoire inclut des calculs de precision de l'outil en fonction de la vitesse d'avance. On determine ainsi l'impact d'une architecture donnee, d'une configuration donnee, des capteurs choisis et de la strategie de commande. On termine avec une methode de certification de trajectoire en verifiant si l'outil peut suivre une trajectoire dans une zone autour de la trajectoire nominale. Un theoreme de convergence certifie que l'on peut resoudre le modele geometrique direct en tout point du tube.
A Sentiment and Content Analysis of Twitter Content Regarding the use of Antibiotics in Livestock

On January 1, 2017, the final rule of the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD) was put into place requiring antibiotics approved for both humans and animals to be discontinued for growth promotion. This change was brought on by the role growth promoters in livestock production play in the development of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance increases the costs associated with human health care by increasing the length of stays in the hospital and requiring more intensive medical care for patients. The purpose of this study was to explore sentiment and characteristics of social media content and the characteristics of the key influencers whose opinions had the greatest amount of reach on social media in regard to antibiotic use in livestock and antibiotic resistance. Nuvi, a social media monitoring program, provided sentiment for each tweet and coded 64.8% of the content (n = 129) as negative compared to 38.2% (n = 76) humans coded as negative. The contrast between human coders and Nuvi indicates there could be discrepancies between how Nuvi codes content and the way a human might interpret the content. No key influencer discussed antibiotic use in livestock positively. Findings suggest agricultural communicators should not rely completely on the output from sentiment analysis programs to evaluate how the public discusses issues related to agriculture, particularly controversial issues. Further, agricultural communications practitioners should prioritize monitoring the content shared by key influencers in an effort to better understand the content being shared by the most influential users. Recommendations for future research are provided.
INSPIRE: Integrated co-simulation of power and ICT systems for real-time evaluation

Future power systems in terms of Cyber - Physical Energy Systems (CPES) apply the integration of IT and physical processes using local and wide area communication networks. The smart grid is a typical example of the application of CPES and poses additional challenges to the engineering as these networks consist of two components: the power system itself and an underlying communication network applied for transmitting monitoring and control information. Therefore, performance evaluations of CPES need to take into account both networks in detail in order to provide meaningful results. In this paper, we introduce our simulation environment INtegrated co-Simulation of Power and ICT systems for Real-time Evaluation (INSPIRE), which is based on the Hybrid Simulator Architecture [1] and capable of evaluating both power system and communication network within a co-simulation framework. Besides the simulator architecture, we detail our time synchronization approach, which is applied for interconnecting communication and power system simulation. Secondly, we present reference scenarios and configuration settings for the combined simulation system. Finally, we introduce the first performance evaluation carried out using INSPIRE, covering characteristics of the communication network and highlighting the retroactive effects on the power system using an exemplary control algorithm.
Monitoring of Patients with the Disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Assay for Differential Diagnosis of Easy-To-Perform Hemolytic Complement EDTA-Plasma in a Rapid , Inexpensive , and Use of Serum or Buffer-Changed

Published Ahead of Print 7 March 2007. 10.1128/CVI.00486-06. 2007, 14(5):549. DOI: Clin. Vaccine Immunol. Gunnar Sturfelt, Ulf R. Nilsson and Bo Nilsson Kristina N. Ekdahl, Dan Norberg, Anders A. Bengtsson, Monitoring of Patients with the Disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Assay for Differential Diagnosis of Easy-To-Perform Hemolytic Complement EDTA-Plasma in a Rapid, Inexpensive, and Use of Serum or Buffer-Changed
Epitope Specificities of the Group Y and W-135 Polysaccharides of Neisseria meningitidis

ABSTRACT Previous studies have identified the length dependency of several polysaccharide (PS) protective epitopes. We have investigated whether meningococcal polysaccharides Y and W-135 possess such epitopes. Oligosaccharides (OSs) consisting of one or more disaccharide repeating units (RU) were derived from the capsular PSs of group Y and W-135 meningococci (GYMP and GWMP, respectively) by mild acid hydrolysis. The relative affinities of anticapsular antibodies binding to derivative OSs of different chain lengths were measured in inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. As OS size increased from two to three RU, there was a notable increase in binding inhibition of rabbit anti-group Y antiserum. This pattern of antibody binding inhibition was also observed for rabbit antiserum to group W-135, though the inhibition increase was much more pronounced. In the cases of both OS species, the concentration of inhibiting antigen required to achieve 50% inhibition of rabbit immunoglobulin binding increased progressively as the inhibiting disaccharide chain length increased from 1 RU through greater than 50 RU. These data suggest that antibodies directed against both of these meningococcal PSs recognize conformational epitopes only fully expressed in higher-molecular-weight forms of these antigens.
Faster Algorithms for the Construction of Parameterized Suffix Trees (Preliminary Version)

Parameterized strings were introduced by Baker to solve the problem of identifying blocks of code that get duplicated in a large software system. Parameter symbols capture the notion of code identity while permitting renaming of variables. The code duplication problem was solved by first constructing a generalized suffix tree for the corresponding parameterized strings. The fastest known generalized suffix tree algorithm has an O(n.
Mdv1 Interacts with Assembled Dnm1 to Promote Mitochondrial Division*

The dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1, self-assembles into punctate structures that are targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane where they mediate mitochondrial division. Post-targeting, Dnm1-dependent division is controlled by the actions of the WD repeat protein, Mdv1, and the mitochondrial tetratricopeptide repeat-like outer membrane protein, Fis1. Our previous studies suggest a model where at this step Mdv1 functions as an adaptor linking Fis1 with Dnm1. To gain insight into the exact role of the Fis1·Mdv1·Dnm1 complex in mitochondrial division, we performed a structure-function analysis of the Mdv1 adaptor. Our analysis suggests that dynamic interactions between Mdv1 and Dnm1 play a key role in division by regulating Dnm1 self-assembly.
Assessing Consumer Demand for Georgia Lavender-Based Products

Abstract To further improve the understanding of promoting locally grown lavender, we examine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for three lavender-based products: lavender bundles, culinary lavender, and lavender oil. We evaluate an online sample located in the southeast using a double-bounded dichotomous choice contingent valuation survey. Lavender bundles have the highest WTP, followed by oil and culinary lavender. Certain marketing factors result in higher WTP, including product familiarity, familiarity with the Georgia Grown program, and shopping frequency at farmers’ markets. This study provides a better understanding of the opportunity for small-scale farmers to market specialty crops such as lavender.
Identification of multipotent stem/progenitor cells in murine sclera.

PURPOSE The sclera forms the fibrous outer coat of the eyeball and acts as a supportive framework. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the sclera contains mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. METHOD Scleral tissue from C57BL6/J mice was separated from the retina and choroid and subsequently enzyme digested to release single cells. Proliferation capacity, self-renewal capacity, and ability for multipotent differentiation were analyzed by BrdU labeling, flow cytometry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, and in vivo transplantation. RESULTS The scleral stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) possessed clonogenic and high doubling capacities. These cells were positive for the mesenchymal markers Sca-1, CD90.2, CD44, CD105, and CD73 and negative for the hematopoietic markers CD45, CD11b, Flk1, CD34, and CD117. In addition to expressing stem cell genes ABCG2, Six2, Notch1, and Pax6, SSPCs were able to differentiate to adipogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic lineages. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that the sclera contains multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Further study of SSPCs may help elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of scleral diseases such as scleritis and myopia.
WOUND-HEALING COMPLICATIONS AFTER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION: A PROSPECTIVE, RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF SIROLIMUS AND TACROLIMUS1

Background. Sirolimus has been associated with an increased risk of wound-healing complications in several retrospective analyses. The authors compared the rates of wound-healing complications in renal allograft recipients in a prospective, randomized trial of sirolimus-mycophenolate mofetil-prednisone versus tacrolimus-mycophenolate mofetil-prednisone. Methods. All patients received antithymocyte globulin induction. In the first phase of the study, patients (n=77) were included regardless of body mass index (BMI). In the second phase (n=46 patients), the authors excluded patients with a BMI greater than 32 kg/m2, and the target trough sirolimus level was lowered to 10 to 15 ng/mL (previously 15–20 ng/mL). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of wound complications. Results. Fifty-nine patients received tacrolimus and 64 received sirolimus and were included in subsequent analyses. The incidence of complications was 8% (5 of 59) in the tacrolimus group and 47% (30 of 64) in the sirolimus group (P <0.0001). Rates of perigraft fluid collections, superficial wound infections, and incisional herniae were significantly higher in the sirolimus group. Multivariate logistic regression showed only sirolimus (P =0.0001) and BMI (P =0.0021) to independently correlate with complications. In the first phase of the study, the wound complication rate in the sirolimus group was 55% (21 of 38 patients). After excluding obese recipients and decreasing the target sirolimus level, the wound complication rate in the sirolimus group was 35% (9 of 26 patients; P =0.1040). Conclusions. The use of sirolimus-based immunosuppressive regimens leads to a higher incidence of wound-healing complications and will require new approaches to patient selection and management to decrease their incidence.
Automatic diacritization of Arabic transcripts for automatic speech recognition

Arabic orthography does not provide full vocalization of the text, and the reader is expected to infer short vowels from the context of the sentence. Inferring the full form of a word is useful when developing Arabic speech and language processing tools, since it is likely to reduce ambiguity in these tasks. In this paper, we present generative techniques for recovering vowels and other diacritics that are contextually appropriate, and present evaluation results for these techniques on widely available data sets