Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new approach to investigate IoT threats based on a four layer model

This paper is a first attempt to define a set of security vulnerabilities for the Internet of Things (IoT), in a corporate environment, in order to classify various connected objects based on a taxonomy that was previously proposed. The IoT is a complex infrastructure that we divide in four parts (objects, transport, storage, interfaces). It needs protection and supervision. The object and its ecosystem are surrounded with other devices that can become entry points or targets of attacks, even if they are protected from the outer world but not from their local environment. We study the impact of attacks (such as OS reprogramming that has been recently published) on connected thermostats and their possible consequences on their environment, as a first approach to a threat analysis for the IoT.
Genetic variability in Agropyron cristatum and its use in wheat breeding

23 Introduction . 24 Material and Methods . 25 Plant material . 25 Ploidy analysis . 28 Chromosome counting . 29 SSR analysis and genetic variation . 29 Morphological characteristics . 30 Results . 31 Ploidy level . 31 SSR and cluster analysis . 35 Morphological evaluation . 37 Discussion . 39 Acknowledgements . 42 References . 43 Chapter II . 47 Chromosomal location of genes for resistance to powdery mildew in Agropyron cristatum and mapping of Conserved Orthologous Set (COS) molecular markers . 47 Abstract . 49. 49 Introduction . 50 Materials and methods. 51 Plant material . 51 Reaction to powdery mildew . 51 Molecular markers . 52 Results . 53 Chromosome location of resistance to powdery mildew . 53 Transferability and chromosome location of COS markers in A. cristatum . 54 Discussion . 58 Acknowledgements . 61
RegionScout: exploiting coarse grain sharing in snoop-based coherence

It has been shown that many requests miss in all remote nodes in shared memory multiprocessors. We are motivated by the observation that this behavior extends to much coarser grain areas of memory. We define a region to be a continuous, aligned memory area whose size is a power of two and observe that many requests find that no other node caches a block in the same region even for regions as large as 16K bytes. We propose RegionScout, a family of simple filter mechanisms that dynamically detect most non-shared regions. A node with a RegionScout filter can determine in advance that a request will miss in all remote nodes. RegionScout filters are implemented as a layered extension over existing snoop-based coherence systems. They require no changes to existing coherence protocols or caches and impose no constraints on what can be cached simultaneously. Their operation is completely transparent to software and the operating system. RegionScout filters require little additional storage and a single additional global signal. These characteristics are made possible by utilizing imprecise information about the regions cached in each node. Since they rely on dynamically collected information RegionScout filters can adapt to changing sharing patterns. We present two applications of RegionScout: In the first RegionScout is used to avoid broadcasts for non-shared regions thus reducing bandwidth. In the second RegionScout is used to avoid snoop induced tag lookups thus reducing energy.
Integrated phylogenomic analyses reveal recurrent ancestral large-scale duplication events in mosses

Mosses (Bryophyta) are a key group occupying important phylogenetic position for understanding land plant (embryophyte) evolution. The class Bryopsida represents the most diversified lineage and contains more than 95% of the modern mosses, whereas the other classes are by nature species-poor. The phylogeny of mosses remains elusive at present. Recurrent whole genome duplications have shaped the evolution trajectory of angiosperms, but little is known about the genome evolutionary history in mosses. It remains to be answered if there existed a historical genome duplication event associated with the species radiation of class Bryopsida. Here, the high-confidence moss phylogeny was generated covering major moss lineages. Two episodes of ancient genomic duplication events were elucidated by phylogenomic analyses, one in the ancestry of all mosses and another before the separation of the Bryopsida, Polytrichopsida and Tetraphidopsida, with estimated ages of the gene duplications clustered around 329 and 182 million year ago, respectively. The third episode of polyploidy event (termed ψ) was tightly associated with the early diversification of Bryopsida with an estimated age of ~87 million years. By scrutinizing the phylogenetic timing of duplicated syntelogs in Physcomitrella patens, the WGD1 and WGD2 events were confidently re-recognized as the ψ event and the Funarioideae duplication event (~65 mya), respectively. Together, our findings unveiled four episodes of polyploidy events in the evolutionary past of Physcomitrella patens.
Recursive estimation of the claim rates and sizes in an insurance model

It is a common fact that for most classes of general insurance, many possible sources of heterogeneity of risk exist. Premium rates based on information from a heterogeneous portfolio might be quite inadequate. One way of reducing this danger is by grouping policies according to the different levels of the various risk factors involved. Using measure change techniques, we derive recursive filters and predictors for the claim rates and claim sizes for the different groups.
The origins of computer programming

This article describes some of the early developments that can now be viewed as steps toward the development of program control and the modern concept of a stored program. In particular, it discusses early automatic devices, Babbage's contributions set against a background of the technology of his day, the contributions of some of his direct successors, and the genesis of the stored-program idea. <<ETX>>
Nash Equilibrium-Based Semantic Cache in Mobile Sensor Grid Database Systems

Mobile applications are being increasingly deployed on a massive scale in various mobile sensor grid database systems. With limited resources from the mobile devices, how to process the huge number of queries from mobile users with distributed sensor grid databases becomes a critical problem for such mobile systems. While the fundamental semantic cache technique has been investigated for query optimization in sensor grid database systems, the problem is still difficult due to the fact that more realistic multidimensional constraints have not been considered in existing methods. To solve the problem, a new semantic cache scheme is presented in this paper for location-dependent data queries in distributed sensor grid database systems. It considers multidimensional constraints or factors in a unified cost model architecture, determines the parameters of the cost model in the scheme by using the concept of Nash equilibrium from game theory, and makes semantic cache decisions from the established cost model. The scenarios of three factors of semantic, time, and locations are investigated as special cases, which improve existing methods. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate the semantic cache scheme presented in this paper for distributed sensor grid database systems.
Nanoscale Plasmonic Devices Based on Metal-Dielectric-Metal Stub Resonators

We review some of the recent research activities on plasmonic devices based on metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators for manipulating light at the nanoscale. We first introduce slow-light subwavelength plasmonic waveguides based on plasmonic analogues of periodically loaded transmission lines and electromagnetically induced transparency. In both cases, the structures consist of a MDM waveguide side-coupled to periodic arrays of MDM stub resonators. We then introduce absorption switches consisting of a MDM plasmonic waveguide side-coupled to a MDM stub resonator filled with an active material.
Low-Dose Peptide Tolerance Therapy of Lupus Generates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells That Cause Expansion of Autoantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells and Contraction of Inflammatory Th17 Cells12

Subnanomolar doses of an unaltered, naturally occurring nucleosomal histone peptide epitope, H471–94, when injected s.c. into lupus-prone mice, markedly prolong lifespan by generating CD4+25+ and CD8+ regulatory T cells (Treg) producing TGF-β. The induced Treg cells suppress nuclear autoantigen-specific Th and B cells and block renal inflammation. Splenic dendritic cells (DC) captured the s.c. -injected H471–94 peptide rapidly and expressed a tolerogenic phenotype. The DC of the tolerized animal, especially plasmacytoid DC, produced increased amounts of TGF-β, but diminished IL-6 on stimulation via the TLR-9 pathway by nucleosome autoantigen and other ligands; and those plasmacytoid DC blocked lupus autoimmune disease by simultaneously inducing autoantigen-specific Treg and suppressing inflammatory Th17 cells that infiltrated the kidneys of untreated lupus mice. Low-dose tolerance with H471–94 was effective even though the lupus immune system is spontaneously preprimed to react to the autoepitope. Thus, H471–94 peptide tolerance therapy that preferentially targets pathogenic autoimmune cells could spare lupus patients from chronically receiving toxic agents or global immunosuppressants and maintain remission by restoring autoantigen-specific Treg cells.
INTEREST RATE DYNAMICS AND THE PRICING OF CONTINGENT CLAIMS: A REVIEW OF THE MODELS AND A PROPOSAL

The aim of this paper is twofold. In the first part I review some of the main theories of the term structure dynamics. These represent the starting point for the pricing of widely used derivatives. In the second part the focus of the article is shifted on a generation of new models introduced in the recent literature in order to reconcile the theory with real financial data. In the end an extension of the CIR model is proposed as a basis for pricing derivatives on the term structure as a possible direction for further research.
Traffic Augmentation as a Means to Increase Trust in Automated Driving Systems

Many human factor issues regarding automated driving systems are still unresolved. For instance, it is not fully clear if, and to what extent, drivers will accept and trust this novel technology. Trust in technology is of utmost importance to avoid both disuse and misuse. Possibilities for increasing user trust in automated driving systems include proper feedback aiming to build a shared mental model so that system intentions are visible to the driver. A potential approach could be to augment traffic and other relevant objects in the environment. Technical advancements in display technology would allow the use of windshield displays in the near future. To investigate the effect of augmented reality aids (presented as augmentations of traffic objects) in potentially ambiguous situations, we conducted a user study (n=26) and assessed qualitative (trust scale TS, technology acceptance model TAM) and quantitative (HRV) factors. Initial results indicate that augmenting sensor data in the driver's line of sight can lead to increased trust and acceptance.
On Stochastic Dominance and Mean{semideviation Models on Stochastic Dominance and Mean{semideviation Models

We analyze relations between two methods frequently used for model-ing the choice among uncertain outcomes: stochastic dominance and mean{risk approaches. New necessary conditions for stochastic dominance are developed. These conditions compare values of a certain functional, which contains two components: the expected value of a random outcome and a risk term represented by the central semideviation of the corresponding degree. If the weight of the semideviation in the composite objective does not exceed the weight of the expected value, maximiza-tion of such a functional yields solutions which are eecient in terms of stochastic dominance. The results are illustrated graphically.
Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori: a reappraisal.

BACKGROUND Despite many changes, no large studies comparing the different diagnostic tests for Helicobacter pylori have been performed in the past 10 years. In this time, monoclonal stool antigen immunoassays and in-office 13C-urea breath tests (UBTs) have appeared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of invasive and noninvasive tests in a large series of dyspeptic patients. METHODS A total of 199 dyspeptic patients who had not previously been treated for H. pylori infection were prospectively enrolled. Noninvasive analyses included a commercial infrared-based UBT and a commercially available stool test. Biopsy-based tests included histological examination and a rapid urease test. A patient was considered to be infected when at least 2 test results were positive. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The test results were compared using the McNemar test. RESULTS Rates of positive test results were similar (54%) for the rapid urease test, histopathological examination, and the stool test. By contrast, 75% of UBT results were positive, and the UBT was associated with a very low specificity (60%). For this reason, the delta cutoff value for the UBT was recalculated as 8.5%. Sensitivities and specificities with this new cutoff value were 95% and 100%, respectively, for the rapid urease test; 94% and 99%, respectively, for histopathological examination; 90% and 93%, respectively, for the stool test; and 90% and 90%, respectively, for the UBT. CONCLUSIONS Histological examination and rapid urease testing showed excellent diagnostic reliability. The stool test seems to be a good, noninvasive alternative to endoscopy-based tests. By contrast, the infrared-based UBT evaluated in our study showed a lower than expected performance, which was partially corrected when the cutoff value for the test was recalculated.
Multiobjective Aerodynamic Optimization of Supersonic Wings Using Navier-Stokes Equations

The design optimization of a wing for supersonic transport by means of Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is presented. The objective function is to minimize the drag for transonic cruise, the drag for supersonic cruise and the bending moment at the wing root for the supersonic condition. The wing shape is defined by planform, thickness distributions and warp shapes, in total of 66 design variables. A Navier-Stokes code is used to evaluate the aerodynamic performance at both cruise conditions. CFD computations are parallelized by a simple master-slave concept on FUJITSU VPP-700E supercomputer system at The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. Consequently, the Pareto solutions are obtained in the three-dimensional objective function space. The resultant Pareto solutions are compared with the wing designed by National Aerospace Laboratory as well as the optimal wing obtained previously under the inviscid flow.
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in anaesthesia and intensive care.

Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) was introduced in 1982 by Aaslid and colleagues 5 as a non-invasive technique for monitoring blood flow velocity (FV) in the basal cerebral arteries. It is now increasingly being used in anaesthesia and intensive care for research as well as in clinical practice. The purpose of this review is to present: the basic concepts of TCD; the current status of the information obtained; its use of assessment of vascular reactivity; and applications in anaesthesia and intensive care.
Can Takeover Losses Explain Spin-Off Gains?

Abstract This paper evaluates the conjecture that excess stock returns that have been documented around the announcement of corporate spin-offs represent, at least in part, the re-creation of value destroyed at the time of an earlier acquisition. We evaluate this question with a sample of spin-offs that originated as earlier acquisitions. At the time of the original acquisition, on average, announcement period returns to the bidder and the combined bidder and target firm are negative and significant. Additionally, announcement period returns at the time of the spin-off are negatively and significantly correlated with acquisition announcement period returns.
Efficient Recovery of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes of Spent Mushroom Compost from Oyster Mushrooms, Pleurotus spp., and Potential Use in Dye Decolorization

Abstract This study was conducted in order to perform efficient extraction of lignocellulolytic enzymes amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) from spent mushroom compost (SMC) of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. eryngii, and P. cornucopiae. Optimal enzyme recovery was achieved when SMCs were extracted with 50 mM sodium citrate (pH 4.5) buffer at 4°C for 2 hr. Amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities showed high values in extracts from P. ostreatus SMC, with 2.97 U/g, 1.67 U/g, and 91.56 U/g, respectively, whereas laccase activity and filter paper degradation ability were highest in extracts from P. eryngii SMC, with values of 9.01 U/g and 0.21 U/g, respectively. Enzymatic activities varied according to the SMCs released from different mushroom farms. The synthetic dyes remazol brilliant blue R and Congo red were decolorized completely by the SMC extract of P. eryngii within 120 min, and the decolorization ability of the extract was comparable to that of 0.3 U of commercial laccase. In addition, laccase activity of the SMC extract from P. eryngii was compared to that of commercial enzymes or its industrial application in decolorization.
Systems Epidemiology Approach in Endometrial Cancer. The NOWAC Study

Background: Coffee and its compounds have been proposed to inhibit endometrial carcinogenesis. Studies in the Norwegian population can be especially interesting due to the high coffee consumption and increasing incidence of endometrial cancer in the country. Methods: A total of 97 926 postmenopausal Norwegian women from the population-based prospective Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) Study, were included in the present analysis. We evaluated the general association between total coffee consumption and endometrial cancer risk as well as the possible impact of brewing method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to estimate risks, and heterogeneity tests were performed to compare brewing methods. Results: During an average of 10.9 years of follow-up, 462 incident endometrial cancer cases were identified. After multivariate adjustment, significant risk reduction was found among participants who drank ≥8 cups/day of coffee with a hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.34-0.79). However, we did not observe a significant dose-response relationship. No significant heterogeneity in risk was found when comparing filtered and boiled coffee brewing methods. A reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in subgroup analyses among participants who drank ≥8 cups/day and had a body mass index ≥25 kg/m, and in current smokers. Conclusions: These data suggest that in this population with high coffee consumption, endometrial cancer risk decreases in women consuming ≥8 cups/day, independent of brewing method.
Inhibition of PRC2 histone methyltransferase activity increases TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis sensitivity in human colon cancer cells

Colorectal cancer is ranked among the top leading causes of cancer death in industrialized populations. Polycomb group proteins, including Suz12 and Ezh2, are epigenetic regulatory proteins that act as transcriptional repressors of many differentiation‐associated genes and are overexpressed in a large subset of colorectal cancers. Retinoic acid (RA) acts as a negative regulator of PcG actions in stem cells, but has shown limited therapeutic potential in some solid tumors, including colorectal cancer, in part because of retinoic acid receptor β silencing. Through treatment with RA, Suz12 shRNA knockdown, or Ezh2 pharmacological inhibition with 3‐deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), we increased TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cell lines. This increased apoptosis in human colon cancer cells after RA or DZNep treatment was associated with a ∼2.5‐fold increase in TNFRSF10B (DR5) transcript levels and a 42% reduction in the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark at the TNFRSF10B promoter after DZNep addition. Taken together, our findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of Polycomb repressive complex 2 histone methyltransferase activity may constitute a new epigenetic therapeutic strategy to overcome RA non‐responsiveness in a subset of colorectal tumors by increasing TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis sensitivity. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 764–772, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Methyl 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-iodo-2-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]quinazoline-3-carboxylate

In the title compound, C20H15ClIN3O3, the dihedral angle between the quinazolinone ring system [r.m.s. deviation = 0.047 (2) Å] and the pendant benzene ring is 82.63 (11)°. The molecular conformation is stabilized by intramolecular C—H⋯O interactions. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along the a-axis direction. Another set of chains propagating along [101] is formed due to intermolecular I⋯Cl short contacts of 3.427 (1) Å, thus giving layers parallel to (010). The layers are connected by C—H⋯π and π–π interactions, the shortest distance between the centroids of aromatic rings being 3.8143 (16) Å.
A Fixed-Point of View on Gradient Methods for Big Data

Interpreting gradient methods as fixed-point iterations, we provide a detailed analysis of those methods for minimizing convex objective functions. Due to their conceptual and algorithmic simplicity, gradient methods are widely used in machine learning for massive data sets (big data). In particular, stochastic gradient methods are considered the de- facto standard for training deep neural networks. Studying gradient methods within the realm of fixed-point theory provides us with powerful tools to analyze their convergence properties. In particular, gradient methods using inexact or noisy gradients, such as stochastic gradient descent, can be studied conveniently using well-known results on inexact fixed-point iterations. Moreover, as we demonstrate in this paper, the fixed-point approach allows an elegant derivation of accelerations for basic gradient methods. In particular, we will show how gradient descent can be accelerated by a fixed-point preserving transformation of an operator associated with the objective function.