Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sponsored By The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City

ion to realistic detail have in my opinion been quite unhelpful in policy analysis. The view that I have come to is that undue addiction to simple neoclassical models is not an important constraint in policymaking today. It is true that the lack of relevant theory is a major constraint in assessing the "structure" of agriculture and regulatory and pricing issues in marketing. But this is not to say that the beginning of wisdom is to jettison the supplytdemand models that work best in analyzing farm commodity markets once we move past the farm gate. Constraints on the Modeling of Agriclrlrure 189 Commodity Import Policy The earlier mention of meat imports as a case where theory has definite predictions brings to mind the fact that it ain't quite so. One hears cattle interests argue that while free trade is in general a nice idea, steps to stabilize imports by restraining excessive foreign supplies of imported meat are necessary to insure a healthy U.S. cattle industry, and that unrestrained imports would drive U.S. cattlemen out of business, after which prices would be higher than ever. Thus, a theory is generated by which restraining imports increases the long-run well being of consumers as well as producers. Another similarly dubious theory was put forth by soybean interests and presented to Congress by an assistant secretary of agriculture under the Ford administration in 1976, when palm oil imports were seen as a threat to U.S. producers of vegetable oils. The theory is that if imported palm oil drives down the price of U.S. soybean oil, U.S. crushers will have to cover their margins by charging higher soybean meal prices. This will increase the price of meat, so that consumers will be made worse off. Therefore, the argument goes, the welfare of both consumers and producers is best served by restricting palm oil imports. The failure of analysis here is mainly a failure of will. Incoherent theories with no evidential support are asserted because they generate the conclusion that an agency wants to put forth for political
Clinical and demographic features of atypical depression in outpatients with major depressive disorder: preliminary findings from STAR*D.

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency and demographic and clinical characteristics of depression with atypical features in a broadly representative sample of outpatients. METHOD Data derived from the first 1500 patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression trial at 41 primary care and nonresearch psychiatric outpatient clinics. An algorithm based on the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rating (IDS-C30) determined presence or absence of depression with atypical features. Odds ratios determined whether a variety of demographic and clinical parameters differed between patients meeting and not meeting atypical criteria. RESULTS Over 18% of the sample met criteria for atypical features based on items from the IDS-C30. The atypical group was more likely to be female and have an earlier age at onset, greater comorbidity with anxiety symptoms, and greater symptom severity compared with the nonatypical group. CONCLUSION Previously identified features of atypical depression were confirmed in this large and broadly representative, nonresearch clinical population.
Development and selection of balance sensing devices

Balance is required for many functional activities of daily life. Qualitative or quantitative balance assessment is frequently used in the diagnosis of neuro-muscular diseases, in treatment or therapy monitoring, and for performance assessment in sports training programs. In the last years, various technologies were developed for balance or posture analysis with the main focus on sensors and reliability of the measurements. We discuss the questions related with the development of a balance assessment system, which might facilitate the design or selection of components for balance sensing and training.
Thermotropic liquid crystalline drugs

Crystalline solids are characterized by long‐range positional and orientational order in three dimensions, whereas amorphous liquids lack long‐range order in any dimension. Liquid crystals (mesophases) show structural, mechanical and optical properties intermediate to those of crystalline solids and the amorphous, liquid state of matter. There are two principle types of liquid crystals: thermotropic liquid crystals (TLCs) and lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs). TLCs can be formed by heating a crystalline solid or by cooling an isotropic melt of a TLC‐forming molecule (mesogen). In the first part of this review the types of liquid crystals are defined and classified and the structural properties of mesogens are explained. In the second part, ten case studies of thermotropic mesomorphous drugs and pharmaceutically relevant molecules (arsphenamine, nafoxidine hydrochloride, L‐660711, palmitoyl propranolol hydrochloride, penbutolol sulfate, itraconazole hydrochloride, fenoprofen sodium, fenoprofen calcium, ciclosporin and cholesteryl esters) are presented and their thermotropic mesomorphism is described. The review closes with a brief discussion of the unusual properties of drug mesophases and a potential use of drugs and excipients in this fourth state of matter.
K-ras and p53 point mutations in 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced hamster lung tumors.

Lung tumors were induced in Syrian golden hamsters by s.c. injection of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). After 40 weeks lung tumor tissue was isolated. Administration of the NNK and exposure of the animals to an atmosphere of 65% oxygen resulted in a statistically significant reduction in tumor size but did not alter the histological tumor type or tumor incidence when compared with carcinogen treated animals maintained under ambient air. Histologically, lung tumors had the morphologic features of adenomas and adenocarcinomas with approximately 15% being squamous cell carcinomas. Lung tumors were examined for mutations in the Ki-ras oncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene by direct sequencing. The Ki-ras mutation frequency in RNA isolated from pooled tumors and in DNA isolated from individual tumors were found to be identical. Activated Ki-ras alleles were detected in 77-94% of tumors. All mutations observed (from a total of 65) except one were GC-AT. The Ki-ras mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions at either codons 12 or 13. No mutations were detected at the 61st codon. Examination of the same tumors for p53 mutations showed only one point mutation. We conclude that the NNK treatment in Syrian golden hamsters results in a distinctive mutation pattern in the Ki-ras gene whereas p53 gene mutations may not play a major role at this stage in hamster lung tumorigenesis.
Successful outcomes following neurorehabilitation in military traumatic brain injury patients in the United Kingdom

BACKGROUND The Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre Headley Court is the UK military rehabilitation unit. A pilot study identified the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4 (MPAI-4) as the most appropriate rehabilitation outcome measure in young military patients with acquired brain injury. METHODS MPAI-4 scores were prospectively recorded for patients on admission and discharge. At 4 months, independent living and employment status were recorded. Inclusion criteria were all new admissions with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Before injury, all patients were fully employed and lived independently. RESULTS In a 3-year period from April 2011, there were 91 TBI patients with complete admission-discharge episodes: by US Department of Defense criteria, 21 were mild, 35 were moderate, and 35 were severe. There was a significant positive relationship between TBI severity and MPAI-4 score on admission (&khgr;2 = 12.77, df = 2, p = 0.0017). Median age was 27 years, and median duration of admission was 63 days. Employment and independent living status were available for 79 patients at 4 months. Seventy-three patients (92%) were in community-based employment, with 64 (81%) employed in a competitive or transitional work; 6 (8%) were unemployed or in sheltered work. Sixty-nine (87%) were living independently, and 10 (13%) were living with support in their own home, with no one requiring institutional care. Complete MPAI-4 scores were available for 79 patients. There were statistically and clinically significant improvements in MPAI-4 scores between admission and discharge for the overall group: median admission T score was 40.0 (95% confidence interval, 36.0–42.0) and on discharge was 31.0 (95% confidence interval, 27.0–36.0), a nine-point change (Z = 6.53, p < 0.0001). These improvements with rehabilitation were sustained when patients were subdivided by TBI severity or MPAI-4 limitations. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates significant functional improvements in military TBI patients following intensive inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation, which includes substantial vocational rehabilitation. At 4 months, 92% were employed, and 87% were living independently. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic study, level V; prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV.
Integration of TTF, UTAUT, and ITM for Mobile Banking Adoption

The introduction of mobile banking facility has enabled customers to carry out banking transactionswith the use of smartphones and other handheld devices from anywhere. It has become a luxurious and exclusive method of online payments. The recent growth of telecommunication sector and a tremendous increase in mobile USAge has opened new doors for sparking future of banking sector industry. The following research is aimed to find out the mobile banking adoption attitudes with the integration of TTF, UTAUT,and ITM models.
Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Practices for Low-Income Asian American Women in Ethnic-Specific Clinics

Introduction: Early detection and screening are the most effective means to reduce cancer mortality in all populations. Asian American (AA) women have among the lowest rates in aggregate for use of early detection, and screening practices of all ethnic populations. The only nationally disaggregated populationbased data on these ethnic groups at the time of the study was the 1993-1994 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) of English speaking AA, but 70% of the AA population is non-English speaking. Our study presents heretofore unavailable data for cancer screening for monolingual AA women for a comparable time period in California between 1992 and 1994, prior to initiation of the state and Federal programs targeting this group of women. Methods: Retrospective chart reviews of randomly selected medical records were conducted for the breast and cervical cancer screening practices of low-income, non-English speaking Chinese, Korean, and Thai women attending ethnic specific community-based health clinics. All women seen in the clinics between 1992-1994 who were within the appropriate screening age categories were eligible. Results: Asian American women utilizing ethnic specific clinics had equal to or better screening rates for mammography and Pap tests than mainstream services for English-speaking AA women in a national survey. These screening rates, however, were still well below nationally recommended screening rates for breast and cervical cancer according to Healthy People 2000 or 2010 goals. Conclusion: These data support the effectiveness of Community Based Clinics (CBOs) to reach these hard to reach women and address the call for the elimination of health disparities. In addition, we compare our findings with national data to highlight within group variations.
Real-time on-line parameter estimation of linear switched reluctance motor

The on-line least-square identification method is applied for the linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) based closed-loop control system. Since switched reluctance motors have severe nonlinear characteristics, on-line system identification for model parameters is the basis for precise modeling and effective control algorithms. By on-line parameter identification of LSRM with least-square scheme, the parameter characteristics can be predicted despite of operation variations. The experimental results demonstrate the identification scheme has fast response and converging speed and the capability of effective parameter prediction under different conditions.
The international relations of the green economy in the Gulf : lessons from the UAE's state-led energy transition

In this study, Mari Luomi examines how the resource-rich GCC countries are positioning themselves in the international relations of the green economy, focusing on the UAE’s state-led efforts to acquire the means of implementation for a national green energy transition. The study addresses four questions: What strategies, external relations, and engagements have the UAE and other GCC states developed over recent years that support a transition to a green energy economy? How are these engagements providing the means of implementation for a green economy transition? Are the national policy frameworks aligned with such a transition? What lessons can be drawn from the UAE’s experience by the other GCC states? The study concludes that, as the case of the UAE demonstrates, there are multiple ways in which the GCC states can actively employ their financial resources through external engagements to support a broader national green economy vision. However, enabling environments which are crucial for directing investments into green activities, jobs and infrastructure, are only beginning to emerge, and a lot of work still remains to be done in all six states, particularly in the areas of energy subsidy reform and sustainable job creation in productive sectors. The study closes with a number of related observations and recommendations.
Extreme conservation of miRNA complements in Opisthorchiids

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in parasite-host communication and potential biomarkers for the detection of parasitic infections from host blood. Consequently, it is crucial to precisely know the miRNA complements of medically important agents such as the liver flukes of the Opisthorchiidae. Using publicly available and new datasets we curated and reannotated the surprisingly small and variable miRNA complements previously described for Opistorchis viverrini, O. felineus and Clonorchis sinesis. We find three highly similar miRNA complements with 53 identical and two miRNA genes with species specific sequences that signify a set of potential biomarkers and promising candidates for further investigations.
Designing a Process Evaluation to Examine Mechanisms of Change in Return to Work Outcomes Following Participation in Occupational Rehabilitation: A Theory-Driven and Interactive Research Approach

There is a growing consensus that professional action in occupational rehabilitation should be research-based, and that practice-based knowledge is needed to achieve contextual insight and new theoretical understanding. Few study design examples exist to help inform an evaluation plan and develop research-practice interactions to examine process complexity of targeted occupational rehabilitation programs. This study design article is a proposal on a theory-driven and interactive research methodology for a process evaluation of a pragmatic intervention trial, known as STAiR. The aim of the process evaluation is to examine the delivery and implementation of an inpatient and an outpatient occupational rehabilitation program, and explore active mechanisms pertaining to patient experiences of the return to work (RTW) process. Qualitative and interactive data collection methods will include (a) participant observation of program setting and activities; (b) participatory dialogue conferences with program providers to facilitate initial logic modelling; (d) individual patient interviews at program intake and follow up; and (d) focus groups with rehabilitation teams and external stakeholders. The qualitative data will be supplemented with description of program activities and patient questionnaires. Program logic modelling is suggested to inform a logic analysis of how expected RTW outcomes and delivery of program activities are aligned and how contextual characteristics may clarify differences in achieved RTW outcomes. The proposed process evaluation approach may inform future design discussions and theoretical understanding, and it is expected that the applied knowledge gained through this study may help rehabilitation professionals better navigate potential challenges in clinical evaluation efforts.
The 4Q-switch commutation issues in matrix conversion systems

This paper discusses the commutation issues of the power 4-quadrant switches present in the matrix converter topology research. The appealing features of the topology along with its structural characteristics, including the bi-directionality of power switches used, are innovatively depicted. The operational characteristics dealing with basic and modern current commutation strategies are clearly highlighted. Brief clarifications covering industrial integration is shown.
Sequence of cDNA for Xenopus XZFY-1.

ZFY was originally proposed as a candidate for the human testis determining gene (1). However, there is overwhelming evidence, culminating in the demonstration of the direction of testis formation in female mice by Sry (2), that eliminates a direct role for ZFY in mammalian sex determination. ZFY-related sequences are located on the X and Y chromosomes of most placental mammmals (1). Other vertebrates, such as birds and marsupials, also have ZFY homologues, but these are present on the autosomes (3, 4). A function in spermatogenesis for murine Zfy genes has been suggested (5), however, the roles of other members of the ZFY gene family remain largely unresolved.
Hematopoietic cells express two forms of lyn kinase differing by 21 amino acids in the amino terminus

cDNAs for the murine lyn protein tyrosine kinase gene were cloned from mouse bone marrow-derived monocytic cells. Comparison of the human and murine genes demonstrated a 94% homology in peptide sequence. Comparable to the human gene, murine lyn was found to be expressed in myeloid and B-lymphoid lineage cells. During the cloning, two types of cDNAs were obtained that differed by the presence (lynA) or absence (lynB) of 63 bp within the amino-terminal coding region of the gene. The genomic structure of the murine lyn gene demonstrates that the two types of lyn transcripts are derived from alternative splicing utilizing an internal splice donor site. Transcripts for both forms were found to be expressed in myeloid cells. lyn-specific antisera detected comparable levels of proteins of 56 and 53 kDa in hematopoietic cells. these 56- and 53-kDa proteins comigrated with proteins produced by in vitro translation or in vivo expression of the lynA and lynB cDNAs, respectively. The two forms had comparable in vitro kinase activities in immunoprecipitates and showed similar peptide patterns, with partial V8 digestion of the in vitro-phosphorylated proteins. The potential significance of the two lyn proteins is discussed.
Role of Osteopontin in Murine Lyme Arthritis and Host Defense against Borrelia burgdorferi

ABSTRACT Several genetic loci in the mouse have been identified that regulate the severity of Lyme arthritis. The region of chromosome 5 including the osteopontin (OPN) gene (Opn) has been identified in intercross populations of C3H/HeN × C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJ × BALB/cAnN mice. OPN is of particular interest as it is involved in the maintenance and remodeling of tissue during inflammation, it regulates production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 (cytokines implicated in Lyme arthritis), it is necessary for host control of certain bacterial infections, and mice displaying different severities of Lyme arthritis possess different alleles of the OPN gene. Macrophages and splenocytes from OPN-deficient mice on mixed C57BL/6J-129S or inbred 129S backgrounds were stimulated with the Pam3Cys modified lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi, OspA. OPN was not required for OspA-induced cytokine production; however, macrophages from 129S-Opn−/− mice displayed a reduced level of IL-10 production. OPN was also not required for resistance to severe arthritis, as B. burgdorferi-infected 129S-Opn−/− mice developed mild arthritis, as did their wild-type littermates. Arthritis was more severe in OPN-deficient mice on the mixed C57BL/6J-129S backgrounds than in inbred mice of either strain. This increase was most likely due to a gene(s) closely linked to Opn on chromosome 5 in conjunction with other randomly assorting genes. Deficiency in OPN did not influence the numbers of spirochetes in tissues from B. burgdorferi-infected mice, indicating OPN is not part of the host defense to this pathogen. Interestingly, there was no alteration in the B. burgdorferi-specific antibody isotypes in OPN-deficient mice, indicating that its effect on helper T-cell responses is not relevant to the host response to B. burgdorferi.
Modélisation des sursauts gamma et de leurs rémanences à l'ère des satellites Swift et Fermi

Les sursauts gamma sont de brefs (' 10 ms-100 s) flashs de photons gamma (keV-MeV), tres intenses et tres variables. Ils sont suivis d'une emission remanente, detectee des rayons X a l'optique et aux ondes radio, qui decroit rapidement pour s'eteindre en quelques jours ou semaines. Leur luminosite extreme permet de les detecter jusqu'aux distances cosmologiques (au moins jusqu'a un decalage vers le rouge de 9). Ils sont associes a des jets ultra-relativistes ejectes par une source compacte nouvellement formee. Le sursaut est emis par des processus internes au jet et la remanence est due au freinage par le milieu environnant. Le satellite Swift, lance en 2004, a fait progresser notre connaissance de la phase remanente (en particulier precoce), tandis que le satellite Fermi, lance en 2008, a ouvert une nouvelle fenetre spectrale a haute energie (au dessus de 100 MeV). Mes travaux s'inscrivent dans le contexte de ces avancees observationnelles, dont certaines remettent en cause le " modele standard " des sursauts gamma etabli au cours des annees 90. J'ai developpe les outils numeriques necessaires pour modeliser de maniere coherente l'ensemble des phases d'emission du jet relativiste depuis sa photosphere jusqu'a sa deceleration. A l'aide de ces outils j'ai obtenu plusieurs resultats qui contribuent a une meilleure comprehension de la physique des sursauts. Concernant le sursaut proprement dit, j'ai developpe une approche nouvelle pour calculer precisement l'opacite vue par un photon de haute energie se propageant dans un jet ultra-relativiste. Ceci m'a permis d'obtenir des contraintes importantes sur les conditions physiques dans le jet a partir des resultats de Fermi (facteur de Lorentz en particulier). Je me suis egalement attache a identifier des signatures observationnelles permettant de discriminer entre differents modeles d'emission : signatures spectrales (emission optique et gamma de haute energie, composante thermique) et temporelles (transition avec la remanence). En ce qui concerne la remanence, j'ai poursuivi le developpement d'un modele alternatif - le modele du " choc en retour " - recemment propose pour expliquer la complexite phenomenologique revelee par Swift. Portant sur les proprietes generiques de la remanence, mais egalement sur quelques sursauts singuliers, mes travaux montrent que ce modele du choc en retour explique plus naturellement que le modele standard la diversite des comportements observes.