Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Public Administration Grappling with the Science-Policy Interface: Challenges and Opportunities in Democratizing the Health Policy Space

Brianne Kirkpatrick holds an Honours Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Lakehead University. As a 2013 Master of Public Policy Candidate at the School of Public Policy and Governance, she maintains a keen interest in health and social policy. Brianne works as a Business Analyst with University Health Network’s Corporate Planning Office, where she spent the summer of 2012 as a Health Care Consultant. She is also Communications Director (2012-2013) for the Public Good Initiative, a student led consulting firm focused on the non-profit/social sector. Disagreement, controversy and conflict will always remain--to varying degrees--in the scientific realm. The complexity of the health policy process poses particular challenges to managing these uncertainties while remaining accountable to, and legitimized by, the public. This paper presents the three traditional models of the science-policy interface, in addition to the Pragmatic Enlightened Model. A brief discussion of the “mammography wars’”case study begins to dissect whether a shift away from technocracy is desirable and feasible in health policy decision-making. While acknowledging that there is no one clear path to a “correct” health policy process, the paper considers potential gains and pitfalls accompanying a shift towards the Pragmatic Enlightened Model of the science-health policy interface.
Human capital, reservation wages and job competition: Heckman's lambda re-interpreted

This study integrates insights from three theories into a single model explaining the simultaneous distribution of employment and wages. Human capital theory is taken as the general framework, whereas search theory and the more recent ‘crowding’ or ‘job competition’ hypothesis are used to explain selectivity in employment and the resulting bias in wage regressions. An empirical test on Belgian data, using a two-stage probit-OLS model, indicates that the crowding theory dominates the search hypothesis for men. For women, it seems to be outweighed by relatively higher reservation wages, probably due to women's different behaviour with respect to family responsibilities.
QUALITY PERCEPTION GAP INSIDE THE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Institutions in the higher education try to provide best quality services because they need to compete for their students. Measuring quality of their services is therefore an important task of those institutions that give feedback on the dimensions of quality that need to be taken care of and offers institutions the possibility to gain significant competitive advantage in knowledge market. In theory we found five most used dimensions of service quality. We developed a questionnaire including 18 items describing these dimensions with the help of focus groups of students. Analysis was carried out on students and professors of Slovenian business school. SERVPERF theory was challenged with the help statistic tools to establish the most important determinants of quality for students and professors.
High-throughput Synthesis of Lignin Particles (~30 nm to ~2 µm) via Aerosol Flow Reactor: Size Fractionation and Utilization in Pickering Emulsions

連絡者 :吾郷 万里子 E-mail :mariko.ago@meisei-u.ac. jp Abbreviations KL ; kraft lignin, OL ; organosolv lignin, AL ; alkali lignin 論文要旨:エアロゾルフロー法を用いて,様々な種類のリグニンを前駆体とする,真球状リグニン粒子を 高収率かつ高生産的に合成することに成功した。 バーナー型のインパクターによって,粒径が約 30 nmか ら 2 μmの範囲で分画された粒子が乾燥状態で得られた。 得られたリグニン粒子は,鉱物油または水中にお ける高剪断処理をした後も,形態に変化はなく優れた機械的特性を有しており,様々なアプリケーションに おいて望ましい特性であると言える。 また本系のリグニン粒子を水中油滴型(O/W)ピッカリングエマルショ ンの安定化に応用した結果を示す。 クラフトリグニン由来のリグニン粒子を用いた場合,粒子濃度がわずか 0.1%でも十分に高いエマルション安定化効果を発揮し,オストワルド熟成,合一による相分離の変化は 2 か月以上の期間,ほとんど観察されなかった。 以上の結果は,エアロゾルフロー法によるリグニン粒子は, 優れた乳化作用を有し,高いコロイド安定性を与えることを示している。 本報告では,乾燥状態の真球状リグニン粒子を,粒子径を制御しながら高い生産性で合成する,新しいナ ノマテリアル調製法を提案する。 本提案の有機性ナノ粒子を用いた新たな用途展開が想定されるが,ここで は,その一例として,界面活性剤を含まない乳化システムへの応用について報告する。 Orlando J. ROJAS 1 Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada 2 Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland 吾郷 万里子 明星大学理工学部総合理工学科 環境科学系 〒 191-8506 東京都日野市程久保 2-1-1
Long Run Trends in the Price of Energy and Energy Services

Energy prices have risen considerably since the beginning of the twenty-first century. It is valuable to place these price rises within a historical context. Many peaks preceded the price hike of 2008, and there will, no doubt, be many more. However, if future trends follow past ones, then it is tempting to conclude that the long run trend in individual and average energy prices will be generally stable or downward. This policy briefing also highlights the tendency for long run trends in the price of energy and of energy services to diverge. That is, since the Industrial Revolution, energy efficiency improvements have led the price of energy services to fall far more than the decline in the price of energy. This is an important distinction because commentators have a tendency to focus on energy prices, even though consumers are ultimately interested in the services that energy provide. This divergence in the long run has major implications for forecasts of future energy use and carbon dioxide emissions, welfar improvements and the evolution of economies.
Making Sense of Corporate Environmentalism

The threat of climate change has elicited divergent climate policy responses from the world's major oil multinationals, splitting the oil industry into two factions. This article analyzes the causes and consequences of this split in the oil industry. First, it demonstrates that oil companies made divergent assessments of the market risks and opportunities related to climate change based on the scientific networks and policy fields in which they were embedded rather than on rational economic criteria. Second, it documents that although the climate policy split in the oil industry has had few effects on oil company operations, it changes the terms of debate over profitable corporate action on climate change, with significant material consequences for climate regulation and patterns of energy production. This analysis contributes to the debate between treadmill of production and ecological modernization theorists by highlighting the midrange processes of contestation shaping the long-term environmental trajectory of capitalism.
Action of TFII-I Outside the Nucleus as an Inhibitor of Agonist-Induced Calcium Entry

TFII-I is a transcription factor and a target of phosphorylation by Bruton's tyrosine kinase. In humans, deletions spanning the TFII-I locus are associated with a cognitive defect, the Williams-Beuren cognitive profile. We report an unanticipated role of TFII-I outside the nucleus as a negative regulator of agonist-induced calcium entry (ACE) that suppresses surface accumulation of TRPC3 (transient receptor potential C3) channels. Inhibition of ACE by TFII-I requires phosphotyrosine residues that engage the SH2 (Src-homology 2) domains of phospholipase C–g (PLC-g) and an interrupted, pleckstrin homology (PH)–like domain that binds the split PH domain of PLC-g. Our observations suggest a model in which TFII-I suppresses ACE by competing with TRPC3 for binding to PLC-g.
Does Alicante Have the Longest Urban Geometric Illusion in the World?

Interest in geometric illusions in architectural design was restimulated in the 1970s by the publication of a paper by Gregory and Heard on the Café Wall illusion. Illusory patterns have been used in urban design for centuries. This brief note identifies two further examples of urban illusions found in Alicante, Spain and suggests that they may represent currently the longest examples of urban geometric illusion in the world.
Sources of Training and Their Impact on Wages

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth from 1986 to 1990, the author investigates the wage impact of various sources of training—among them, company training programs, apprenticeships, business schools, vocational and technical institutes, correspondence courses, and seminars outside the workplace. Time spent in training (of whatever kind) apparently did not affect 1990 wage levels. The incidence of two kinds of training, however—company training and seminars outside work—was positively related to wage levels as well as to wage change between 1986 and 1990; that is, workers who undertook such training enjoyed higher wages than those who did not. Time spent in vocational schools was also positively associated with wage change, though not with 1990 wage levels. The other forms of training had no apparent impact on either wage levels or wage change.
The dilemma of hyperoxia following positive pressure mechanical ventilation: role of iron and the benefit of iron chelation with deferasirox.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Increased oxidative stress in patients under treatment with high concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) is considered to be one of the major mechanisms of lung injury, which is thought among different mediators, transition metal ion, iron, by generation of very reactive free radicals which play an important role. Disruption of normal iron homeostasis has been reported in hyperoxic conditions. We hypothesized that chelation of iron can reduce hyperoxia-induced lung injury. METHODS Mechanically ventilated patients, who received oxygen with FiO2 >0.5 for at least 3 days, underwent bronchoscopy before and 72 hours after receiving "Deferasirox". Oxidative injury index and iron homeostasis markers were measured in lavage fluid and plasma. RESULTS In 12 patients, the concentrations of 8-isoprostane (p=0.005), 8-oxoguanine (p=0.04), carbonyl proteins (p=0.04)--as markers of oxidative stress--decreased significantly in lavage fluid after intervention. Levels of iron-related proteins, ferritin (p=0.04) and transferrin (p=0.005) also decreased significantly in lavage fluid. CONCLUSION Deferasirox--as an iron chelator--decrease oxidative injury index in hyperoxic condition and it could be consider safe and beneficial agent, along with other supportive measures in hyperoxia-induced lung injury for better toleration of oxygen therapy.
Resource Discoveries, Learning, and National Income Accounting

Questions about the ultimate size of mineral and energy resource endowments and the degree of fiscal prudence which should be exercised by countries engaged in resource extraction have become central for many developing countries during the recent resource boom. To explore these questions, this paper develops a model of optimal resource extraction and discovery that combines two polar assumptions: (i) that discovering a resource today drives up the cost of future resource discoveries, and (ii) that extracting resources yields knowledge that reduces the cost of discovery. Although the model shows that resource discoveries should be valued at marginal discovery cost in measures of national saving and income, the ultimate size of the resource that can be exploited is the result of the interplay between rising discovery costs and accumulating knowledge. Empirical tests of the model show that the resulting income estimates would be extremely volatile for many extractive economies, owing to the lumpiness of resource discoveries. Two alternative accounting approaches, based on Hicksian concepts, yield more intuitive and less volatile income estimates. The question of fiscal prudence for extractive economies hinges on how optimistic countries are about the risks in future mineral and energy markets, and how far into the future these countries are willing to project optimistic trends when making decisions about how much to consume and how much to save of current resource revenues.
Human tear osmotic pressure: diurnal variations and the closed eye.

Using a micro-osmometry technique, 450 nonreflex tear samples were collected hourly from six subjects throughout their waking hours, and on initial opening of the eyes following six to eight hours of sleep. While the waking day mean found for this population agreed closely with current values in the literature, considerable variation did occur among individuals, both in their mean as well as in their hour-to-hour levels. The prolonged lid closure condition resulted in a considerable decrease in tear osmotic pressure and was found to be significantly different from the open-eye condition (P less than .001). No significant differences could be shown however between findings for men and women for either condition, and no consistent impact of food or fluid intake could be demonstrated.
(R)-1,1′-Binaphthalene-2,2′-diol–(Z)-N-ethylideneethanamine N-oxide (1/1)

In the title compound, C4H9NO·C20H14O2, the dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring systems of the binaphthalenediol molecule is 77.53 (14)°. In the crystal, the two components are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain along the c axis.
Automatic collecting of indoor localization fingerprints: An crowd-based approach

For typical indoor positioning systems employing a training/positioning model based on Wi-Fi fingerprints, significant training costs extremely restrict this kind of indoor localization system to be widely deployed and implemented with real location based applications. In this paper, we present a crowd-based approach to solve this problem, which automatically collects and constructs fingerprints database for anonymous buildings through common crowd customers with their smart-phones. However, such a crowd-based approach also introduces an accuracy degradation problem as crowd customers are not professional trained and equipped. So in this approach we employ fixed and hint landmarks to do error resetting. In our practical system, common corridor crossing points will serve as fixed landmarks and cross points between different crowd paths serve as hint landmarks. Machine-learning techniques are utilized for short range approximation around fixed landmarks and fuzzy logic decision technology is applied for searching hint landmarks in crowd traces space. We test this crowd-based automatic collecting approach on a dataset of about 5.09km walking in four corridors and the rooms besides. Experimental results indicate that this automatic collecting approach successfully construct indoor fingerprint radio map with rather high accuracy.
Composite hydrogels for implants

Abstract Hydrophilic composite structures are designed to mimic the transport and mechanical properties of natural soft tissue such as tendons, ligaments and intervertebral discs. Mechanical and viscoelastic behaviour of a soft composite material based on a hydrogel matrix reinforced with bundles of polyethylene therephthalate (PET) fibres is analysed. The typical J-shaped stress-strain behaviour, displayed by natural tendons and ligaments, is reproduced. The mechanical characteristics, such as the extent of the ‘toe-in region’ and the elastic modulus in the linear region, can be controlled by varying the winding angle of the fibres and the matrix composition. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the dual behaviour of the composite systems due to the progressive contribution of the PET fibres. Different poly (2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)/polycaprolactone (PHEMA/PCL) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) hydrogel composite systems reinforced with PET fibres have been investigated for potential use as intervertebral disc prostheses. Compression properties have been evaluated by static and dynamic tests. Uniaxial compression tests on the swollen samples showed an increase of the modulus and maximum stress with increasing content of PCL and PET fibres. Creep behaviour is also dependent on the hydrogel composition. The composite PHEMA/PCL hydrogels showed compression properties similar to those expressed by canine intervertebral discs in different spinal locations.
Novel approach to reduce pull-in for RF MEMS capacitive shunt switches

The RF MEMS switches with low noise and high performance are the most prevalent and have shown superior Figures of Merit compared to their semiconductor counterparts, for communication applications. The only setback to these devices is their high actuation voltage which is not compatible with standard IC technology. The actuation voltage can be reduced by using low spring constant designs. This paper proposes RF MEMS shunt switches with novel top beam design which results in low actuation voltages. Two designs of capacitive shunt switches have been suggested here with a pull-in voltage to be less than 10V.
Inherent constraints and creative possibilities: employee participation in Kenya

We present findings from a study of employee participation in seven International NGOs (INGOs) operating in Kenya. The inherent constraints of hierarchy and the need to accommodate a range of stakeholder interests imposed a strict ceiling on the degree of participation even in this propitious environment. Being headquartered in a liberal market economy, the low salience of trade unions among Kenyan employees and/or individual management styles within the INGOs meant that some of the agencies fell short even of that ceiling. Contrary to the normative aspirations of both the HR and international development literatures, our study suggests that the co-determination and employee control styles of participation are undesirable and unrealistic goals. On the other hand, a consultation style of participation was appropriate to the seven INGOs, and may also be in other sectors and countries.
Type II Human Complement C2 Deficiency

Type II complement protein C2 deficiency is characterized by a selective block in C2 secretion. The Type II C2 null allele (C2Q0) is linked to two major histocompatibility haplotypes (MHC) that differ from the MHC of the more common Type I C2 deficiency. To determine the molecular basis of Type II deficiency the two Type II C2Q0 genes were isolated and transfected separately into L-cells. Subsequent molecular biology, biosynthetic, and immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that C2 secretion is impaired in Type II C2 deficiency because of different missense mutations at highly conserved residues in each of the C2Q0 alleles. One is in exon 5 (nucleotide C T; Ser Phe) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A11,B35,DRw1,BFS, C4A0B1. The other is in exon 11 (G A; Gly Arg) of the C2Q0 gene linked to the MHC haplotype A2,B5, DRw4,BFS,C4A3B1. Each mutant C2 gene product is retained early in the secretory pathway. These mutants provide models for elucidating the C2 secretory pathway.
Capital Flight from Russia

This paper documents the scale of capital flight from Russia, compares it with that observed in other countries, and reviews policy options. The evidence from other countries suggests that capital flight can be reversed once reforms take hold. The paper argues that capital flight from Russia can only be curbed through a medium-term reform strategy aimed at improving governance and macroeconomic performance, and strengthening the banking system. Capital controls result in costly distortions and should gradually be phased out as part of that medium-term strategy.
Oral Plasmid DNA Delivery Systems for Genetic Immunisation

The use and optimisation of plasmid DNA delivery systems for the purposes of eliciting transgene specific immune responses to orally administered DNA encoded antigen represents a significant challenge. Here, we have outlined a multicomponent polymer modified liposomal delivery system that offers potential for oral administration of plasmid DNA. It is shown that the polymer/liposome formulated DNA is able to elicit markedly enhanced transgene specific cytokine production following in vitro restimulation of splenocytes with recombinant antigen. This is discussed with reference to recent publications and the potential of plasmid DNA delivery systems for the purposes of genetic immunisation, as reported in selected literature, is assessed.
Adaptive adjustment of offspring sex ratio and maternal reproductive effort in an iteroparous mammal

Large mammals in seasonal environments have a pattern of high-reproductive synchrony in spring, but how the timing of reproduction affects resource allocation decisions at different stages of the reproductive cycle remains largely unexplored. By manipulating the timing of conception in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), we tested how the timing of conception affected sex ratio, gestation length and weight development of mother and offspring. Females that conceived at their first ovulation within the rut had a 60.5% probability of producing a male; in contrast, females that conceived a cycle later had a 31.3% probability of producing a male. Late conceiving females had gestation times that were 10 days shorter and the calves were 0.6 kg (9.2%) lighter at birth and 7.4 kg (14.7%) lighter in autumn. Over the year, female weight changes was similar between the groups suggesting reindeer follow a bet-hedging strategy; reducing the quality of this year's offspring to ensure their own future reproduction and survival. Harvesting is often selective leading to skewed sex ratios and age structure, which may influence the timing of reproduction due to females hesitation to mate with young males. Whenever this hesitation is strong enough to increase the frequency of recycling, harvesting is likely to have profound life history consequences.
Peculiar design of permanent magnet synchronous motor

This paper deals with peculiar design of high frequency 15 kW synchronous permanent magnet motor having raised technical and economic parameters. Reduction of losses is achieved by slotless stator core structure. Performance motor characteristics are increased by special rotor design: the rotor has two parts which are moving under inner stator diameter and over outer stator diameter, so the both sides of a coil create electromotive force. Some questions of optimal construction with electromagnetic characteristics are estimated. Recommendations at the choice of proper rotor dimensions are given and opportunities of decrease in losses are estimated.
3D building roof reconstruction from airborne LiDAR point clouds: a framework based on a spatial database

ABSTRACT Three-dimensional (3D) building models are essential for 3D Geographic Information Systems and play an important role in various urban management applications. Although several light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data-based reconstruction approaches have made significant advances toward the fully automatic generation of 3D building models, the process is still tedious and time-consuming, especially for massive point clouds. This paper introduces a new framework that utilizes a spatial database to achieve high performance via parallel computation for fully automatic 3D building roof reconstruction from airborne LiDAR data. The framework integrates data-driven and model-driven methods to produce building roof models of the primary structure with detailed features. The framework is composed of five major components: (1) a density-based clustering algorithm to segment individual buildings, (2) an improved boundary-tracing algorithm, (3) a hybrid method for segmenting planar patches that selects seed points in parameter space and grows the regions in spatial space, (4) a boundary regularization approach that considers outliers and (5) a method for reconstructing the topological and geometrical information of building roofs using the intersections of planar patches. The entire process is based on a spatial database, which has the following advantages: (a) managing and querying data efficiently, especially for millions of LiDAR points, (b) utilizing the spatial analysis functions provided by the system, reducing tedious and time-consuming computation, and (c) using parallel computing while reconstructing 3D building roof models, improving performance.