Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interorganizational Systems (IOS) Adoption over Time: Empirical Evaluation in the Australian Grocery Industry

Organizations adopt IOS (interorganizational systems) to achieve both transactional and strategic benefits. The IOS involves two parties using the system and therefore its success depends on the existing relationship between trading partners. While there are some studies that investigate relationship factors and how they affect adoption, the literature does not specifically highlight that these systems may be implemented in progressive stages over time. This is because these studies typically adopt a cross sectional approach by only taking a snapshot of IOS adoption at single point in time. They do not present an over all picture of adoption decisions and do not explain why and how organizations adopt these systems in a phased approach. In this paper, we investigate IOS adoption by a pair of major organizations in the Australian Grocery Industry over a period of time. We illustrate, using a case study, that a particular level of relationship between the two organizations is required for IOS use and that the initial use of the IOS also affects the relationship which in turn results in more sophisticated IOS adoption. The findings of this study have important implications for both research and practice.
Sublethal toxicity of copper to a soil‐dwelling springtail (Folsomia fimetaria) (Collembola: Isotomidae)

The collembolan Folsomia fimetaria was exposed to a range of elevated copper (Cu) concentrations in a LUFA‐Speyer soil for 7, 14, and 21 d, in a microcosm test. The results showed that F. fimetaria was sensitive to copper, with reproduction being a more sensitive parameter of effect than either growth (measured as final body size) or survivorship. A 10% effective concentration (EC10) of 38 mg Cu/kg was calculated for reproduction, and an EC10 between 509 to 845 mg Cu/kg (depending on sex and developmental stage) was calculated for growth. No mortality was observed for soil concentrations up to 1,000 mg Cu/kg. This study has shown that F. fimetaria populations may with time become severly reduced or may even become extinct (in extreme circumstances) as a result of copper exposure. Although survival of the adults was not affected, toxicity was expressed solely through reproductive failure. The present study has also shown that the duration of copper exposure was not an important factor for the determination of effects during short‐term tests with F. fimetaria.
Image selective segmentation under geometrical constraints using an active contour approach

In this paper we propose a new model for segmentation of an image under some geometrical constraints in order to detect special regions of interest. Our work is based on the recent work by Gout et al. [Numer. Algorithms, 39 (2005), pp. 155-173 and 48 (2008), pp. 105-133] using geodesic active contours models, by combining it with the idea of a piecewise constant Mumford-Shah model as with the non-selective Chan-Vese segmentation. Numerical tests show that our method is more robust than the previous works. AMS subject classifications: 62H35, 65N22, 65N55, 74G65, 74G75
Variation in the reference Shields stress for bed load transport in gravel‐bed streams and rivers

The present study examines variations in the reference shear stress for bed load transport (τr) using coupled measurements of flow and bed load transport in 45 gravel‐bed streams and rivers. The study streams encompass a wide range in bank‐full discharge (1–2600 m3/s), average channel gradient (0.0003–0.05), and median surface grain size (0.027–0.21 m). A bed load transport relation was formed for each site by plotting individual values of the dimensionless transport rate W* versus the reach‐average dimensionless shear stress τ*. The reference dimensionless shear stress τ*r was then estimated by selecting the value of τ* corresponding to a reference transport rate of W* = 0.002. The results indicate that the discharge corresponding to τ*r averages 67% of the bank‐full discharge, with the variation independent of reach‐scale morphologic and sediment properties. However, values of τ*r increase systematically with average channel gradient, ranging from 0.025–0.035 at sites with slopes of 0.001–0.006 to values greater than 0.10 at sites with slopes greater than 0.02. A corresponding relation for the bank‐full dimensionless shear stress τ*bf, formulated with data from 159 sites in North America and England, mirrors the relation between τ*r and channel gradient, suggesting that the bank‐full channel geometry of gravel‐ and cobble‐bedded streams is adjusted to a relatively constant excess shear stress, τ*bf − τ*r, across a wide range of slopes.
Malware analysis method using visualization of binary files

Malware authors have been generating and disseminating malware variants through various ways, such as reusing modules or using automated malware generation tools. With the help of the malware generation techniques, the number of malware keeps increasing every year. Therefore, new malware analysis techniques are needed to reduce malware analysis overheads. Recently several malware visualization methods were proposed to help malware analysts. In this paper, we proposed a novel method to visually analyze malware by transforming malware binary information into image matrices. Our experimental results show that the image matrices of malware can effectively classify malware families.
Microbial response to environmental gradients in a ceramic‐based diffusion system

A solid, porous matrix was used to establish steady‐state concentration profiles upon which microbial responses to concentration gradients of nutrients or antimicrobial agents could be quantified. This technique relies on the development of spatially defined concentration gradients across a ceramic plate resulting from the diffusion of solutes through the porous ceramic matrix. A two‐dimensional, finite‐element numerical transport model was used to predict the establishment of concentration profiles, after which concentration profiles of conservative tracers were quantified fluorometrically and chemically at the solid–liquid interface to verify the simulated profiles. Microbial growth responses to nutrient, hypochloride, and antimicrobial concentration gradients were then quantified using epifluorescent or scanning confocal laser microscopy. The observed microbial response verified the establishment and maintenance of stable concentration gradients along the solid–liquid interface. These results indicate the ceramic diffusion system has potential for the isolation of heterogeneous microbial communities as well as for testing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. In addition, the durability of the solid matrix allowed long‐term investigations, making this approach preferable to conventional gel‐stabilized systems that are impeded by erosion as well as expansion or shrinkage of the gel. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 141–149. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards Understanding Service Oriented Architecture and Systems Using Viewpoints

A hanging implement is attached to a garment bag for facilitating handling the garmet bag during hanging the garment bag upon a support and removal of the garment bag from the support, the hanging implement having a handle with a handgrip portion and a flange portion, the flange portion including a stop shoulder for providing an abutment for a hand when the hand is placed upon the handgrip portion for lifting the garment bag during hanging and removal, the flange portion further providing a display surface for displaying information capable of being viewed readily when the garment bag is hung upon the support.
RmpA Regulation of Capsular Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43

ABSTRACT Sequence analysis of the large virulence plasmid pLVPK in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43 revealed the presence of another mucoid factor encoding gene rmpA besides rmpA2. Promoter activity measurement indicated that the deletion of rmpA reduced K2 capsular polysaccharide (CPS) biosynthesis, resulting in decreased colony mucoidy and virulence in mice. Introduction of a multicopy plasmid carrying rmpA restored CPS production in the rmpA or rmpA2 mutant but not in the rcsB mutant. Transformation of the rmpA deletion mutant with an rcsB-carrying plasmid also failed to enhance CPS production, suggesting that a cooperation of RmpA with RcsB is required for regulatory activity. This was further corroborated by the demonstration of in vivo interaction between RmpA and RcsB using two-hybrid analysis and coimmunoprecipitation analysis. A putative Fur binding box was only found at the 5′ noncoding region of rmpA. The promoter activity analysis indicated that the deletion of fur increased the rmpA promoter activity. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we further demonstrated that Fur exerts its regulatory activity by binding directly to the promoter. As a result, the fur deletion mutant exhibited an increase in colony mucoidy, CPS production, and virulence in mice. In summary, our results suggested that RmpA activates CPS biosynthesis in K. pneumoniae CG43 via an RcsB-dependent manner. The expression of rmpA is regulated by the availability of iron and is negatively controlled by Fur.
Market structures in peer computation sharing

A number of systems exist for harnessing the power of idle workstations and home computers, but these only make that power available for central projects. Making the power of these systems available to home users could be achieved with a peer-to-peer architecture. An unregulated peer computation sharing system has the potential for abuse by free riders. In order to encourage contribution to the system, a free market model would allow users to 'bank' contributed computing power with other peers, for redemption at a later time. This paper has two aims. Firstly provides an overview on existing peer-to-peer computing models. Secondly it is an investigation into the existing market models and their usability in a compute-sharing P2P system.
Interactive Data Collection: Benefits of Integrating New Media Into Pediatric Research

Despite the prevalence of children’s computerized games for recreational and educational purposes, the use of interactive technology to obtain pediatric research data remains underexplored. This article describes the development of laptop interactive data collection (IDC) software for a children’s health intervention study. The IDC integrates computer technology, children’s developmental needs, and quantitative research methods that are engaging for school-age children as well as reliable and efficient for the pediatric health researcher. Using this methodology, researchers can address common problems such as maintaining a child’s attention throughout an assessment session while potentially increasing their response rate and reducing missing data rates. The IDC also promises to produce more reliable data by eliminating the need for manual double entry of data and reducing much of the time and costs associated with data cleaning and management. Development and design considerations and recommendations for further use are discussed.
Peptidoglycan transformations during Bacillus subtilis sporulation

While vegetative Bacillus subtilis cells and mature spores are both surrounded by a thick layer of peptidoglycan (PG, a polymer of glycan strands cross‐linked by peptide bridges), it has remained unclear whether PG surrounds prespores during engulfment. To clarify this issue, we generated a slender ΔponA mutant that enabled high‐resolution electron cryotomographic imaging. Three‐dimensional reconstructions of whole cells in near‐native states revealed a thin PG‐like layer extending from the lateral cell wall around the prespore throughout engulfment. Cryotomography of purified sacculi and fluorescent labelling of PG in live cells confirmed that PG surrounds the prespore. The presence of PG throughout engulfment suggests new roles for PG in sporulation, including a new model for how PG synthesis might drive engulfment, and obviates the need to synthesize a PG layer de novo during cortex formation. In addition, it reveals that B. subtilis can synthesize thin, Gram‐negative‐like PG layers as well as its thick, archetypal Gram‐positive cell wall. The continuous transformations from thick to thin and back to thick during sporulation suggest that both forms of PG have the same basic architecture (circumferential). Endopeptidase activity may be the main switch that governs whether a thin or a thick PG layer is assembled.
Costly Contracting in a Long-Term Relationship

We examine a model of contracting where parties interact repeatedly and can contract at any point in time, but writing enforceable contracts is costly. A contract can describe contingencies and actions at a more or less detailed level, and the cost of writing a contract is proportional to the amount of detail. We consider both formal (externally enforced) and informal (self-enforcing) contracts. The presence of writing costs has important implications both for the optimal structure of formal contracts, particularly the tradeoff between contingent and spot contracts, and for the interaction between formal and informal contracting. Our model sheds light on these implications and generates a rich set of predictions about the determinants of the optimal mode of contracting.
Learning vector quantization in text-independent automatic speaker recognition

In this paper is reported a comparison among the learning vector quantization (LVQ) and two other common approaches to text-independent speaker recognition, namely Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and vector quantization (VQ). The LVQ method uses neural nets. The results shows that it is less efficient in terms of recognition scores than the GMM.
ICCAS 2005 June 2-5 , KINTEX , Gyeonggi-Do , Korea Automated Drug Infusion System Based on Fuzzy PID Control during Acute Hypotension

Developing a reliable method for automated drug infusion systems would improve a patient’s individualized drug therapy under the unexpected and acute changes of hemodynamics in a clinical setting. Automated drug infusion systems for controlling mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) have been previously constructed using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algorithms [2-3]. As long as the MAP response to pharmacological intervention does not change markedly, the simple PID controls work reasonably well. However, the conventional PID controller might not be able to achieve maximum performance because of the unexpected change of the intraand inter-patient variability. The robustness in the fuzzy PID control and the conventional PID control was tested under the unknown MAP responses to a vasopressor agent (norepinephrine; NE) during acute hypotension.
Vulnerability assessment for communication network of Substation Automation Systems to cyber attack

The Substation Automation System (SAS) is a crucial element of power system control. The devices of SAS with remote-control functions are one of the main target of cyber attack. The vulnerability assessment for communication network of SASs that supporting the analysis of control process, is an unsolved problem. Combined with the characteristics of SAS and the vulnerability assessment of the distributed systems, a vulnerability assessment method for communication nework of SASs to cyber attack is proposed. The substation communication system has been classified into six basic models used to construct vulnerability state graph (VSG). The vulnerability of single action is defined based on exponential distribution function including parameters called vulnerability factor and equivalent attacking cost, and then the vulnerability value of target systems are calculated by four connection types of VSG. Furthermore, a vulnerability factor quantity method based on AHP-TOPSIS is designed. An evaluation instance is constructed from IEC 61850 standard, the proposed method is applicable to evaluate the vulnerability of communication network of SASs.
Asymptotic calculation of the scattered electric field from a finite rectangular plate using an enhanced Stationary Phase Method (SPM) approximation

This paper presents a simulation application, which is based on an enhanced Stationary Phase Method asymptotic approximation for the calculation of the scattered electric field from a finite rectangular plate. Initially, a 3-dimensional wave scattering layout is depicted and typical calculations carried out for the vector potential ¿ follow. Using vector potential results we apply a modified version of Stationary Phase Method approximation for the calculation of the scattered electric field. Simulation results are compared to results obtained with standard numerical integration, though SPM divulged here is incomparably faster.
Making up People in Papua

L'A. examine un aspect souvent documente mais peu analyse des rapports coloniaux et post-coloniaux en Melanesie, a savoir l'abandon soudain episodique de pratiques sociales. Sous quelles conditions se produit ce phenomene et quelles formes prend-il ? L'A. soutient que de tels changements font partie de la configuration des peuples. En Melanesie, la configuration des peuples se produit la ou de nouveaux genres humains sont crees par les effets de bouclage des discours et des forces de coercition gouvernementaux, missionaires, capitalistes et locaux. De tels processus sont analyses chez les Fuyuge des Hautes-Terres de Papouasie, ou une transformation du rapport entre l'homicide et les ornements des coiffes masculines a emerge depuis les annees quarante. Les Fuyuge ont activement change certains aspects de leur apparence comme un moyen servant la fin de devenir un peuple qui connait la loi, c'est-a-dire de devenir un peuple specifique. L'A. propose une comparaison avec des materiaux melanesiens analogues, y compris les exemples bien connus des cultes du cargo.
Olfactory bulb and retrobulbar regions in the hedgehog tenrec: Organization and interconnections

The Madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi) is a terrestrial, nocturnal insectivore with a low encephalization index and a huge olfactory bulb. To gain insight into the organization and evolution of olfactory regions in placental mammals, the cytoarchitecture (Nissl), neurochemical attributes [zinc and acetylcholinesterase stain, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPh)‐diaphorase, and calcium‐binding proteins], and interconnections (injections of wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase and biotinylated dextran amine) of tenrec bulbar and retrobulbar regions were examined. The tenrec has a well‐laminated main olfactory bulb, and modified (atypical) glomeruli are found that, to date, have been demonstrated only in murine rodents. Compared with the main olfactory bulb, the accessory bulb is relatively small, with clearly different staining characteristics, particularly with respect to NADPh‐diaphorase, anticalbindin, and anticalretinin. External and central anterior olfactory nuclei also show characteristic cytoarchitectural and chemoarchitectural features. The medial olfactory peduncle seems to differ considerably from that in rodents. A small taenial structure can be separated from the hippocampal continuation. This taenia tecti presumably corresponds to the superior part of the tenia tecti in rodents, but no homologue of the rodent's prominent inferior taenia tecti could be found. The connections of bulbar and retrobulbar regions are similar to those seen in other mammals. Interbulbar projection systems connect the two olfactory bulbs through an external (topographic) and central (nontopographic) anterior nucleus; however, the topographic arrangement of the intrabulbar association system seems to differ from that seen in rodents. A reciprocity of direct olfactory bulb connections with the frontal (sulcal/orbital) cortex was found in the tenrec that has not been reported so far in other species. J. Comp. Neurol. 423:687–705, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gold mesoflower arrays with sub-10 nm intraparticle gaps for highly sensitive and repeatable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Self-assembling Au mesoflower arrays are prepared using a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) template on an iron substrate via a combined top-down/bottom-up nanofabrication strategy. The PMMA template with the holes around 300–500 nm in diameter is first fabricated by using polymer blend lithography on iron substrates, and the highly homogeneous Au mesoflower arrays with less than 10 nm intraparticle gaps are subsequently obtained by an in situ galvanic reaction between HAuCl4 solution and the iron substrate under optimal stirring of the solution as well as reaction time. Owing to the unique mesostructures and uniformity, Raman measurements show that the gold mesoflower arrays obtained demonstrated a strong and reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement on the order of ∼107–108. The development of a SERS substrate based on the Au mesoflowers with high spatial density of hot spots, relatively low cost and facial synthesis provides a novel strategy for applications in chemical and biomolecular sensing.
Using Family-Focused Garden, Nutrition, and Physical Activity Programs To Reduce Childhood Obesity: The Texas! Go! Eat! Grow! Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND The TEXAS! GROW! EAT! GO! (TGEG) randomized, control trial is a 5-year study to measure the impact of a nutrition and gardening intervention and/or physical activity (PA) intervention on the weight status of third-grade students. This article describes the results of the pilot study to test the feasibility of two interventions and test the measures to be used in the main trial. METHODS The pilot study was conducted in one school with third-grade students and their parents or guardians. The Junior Master Gardner (JMG) and Walk Across Texas (WAT) interventions were implemented over a 5-month period in three third-grade classrooms during spring 2012. The respective interventions focused on improving healthy eating and PA behaviors of children and their families. Baseline and immediate post-test data were collected from students and parents/guardians to measure four child, four parent, and four parent-child interaction behaviors. Process data regarding implementation were also collected from teachers and school administration. RESULTS Forty-four students and 34 parents or guardians provided both pre- and post-test data. Paired-sample t-tests showed statistically significant changes in student knowledge, vegetable preferences, vegetable consumption, and home food availability (all p < 0.05). At baseline, participants' weight status categories included 57% obese, 10% overweight, and 31% normal weight. Postintervention, weight status categories included 39% obese, 16% overweight, and normal 45%. Data collected from teachers indicated high levels of implementation fidelity. CONCLUSIONS Implementation of both interventions occurred at a very high fidelity level, which led to positive changes in BMI status, and several dietary and PA behaviors. Although the pilot study indicated feasibility of the two interventions for school implementation, results guided revisions to the TGEG program and its survey instruments.