Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cell Algorithm and Dempster Belief Theory Based Approach for Intrusion Detection System

Everyone knows the services of the Internet. Internet services contain large scale of data. Security is one of the important issues during transmission of data over the network. To avoid misuse of data an efficient Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) is needed. To predict intrusion over the network a combined features of Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) and Dempster Belief Theory (DBT) has been used called hybrid model of DCA and DBT. This algorithmic approach comes under the Artificial Immune Detection System. The presented system is about to analyze the network statistics under different parameters and identify the False Negative Rate and the Uncertainty Parameters. Based on these parameters analysis, the intrusion will be identified. The work is about to decrease the False Positive and False Negative rates so that the more effective intrusion detection will be performed.
Viewpoint (In)dependence of Action Representations: An MVPA Study

The discovery of mirror neurons—neurons that code specific actions both when executed and observed—in area F5 of the macaque provides a potential neural mechanism underlying action understanding. To date, neuroimaging evidence for similar coding of specific actions across the visual and motor modalities in human ventral premotor cortex (PMv)—the putative homologue of macaque F5—is limited to the case of actions observed from a first-person perspective. However, it is the third-person perspective that figures centrally in our understanding of the actions and intentions of others. To address this gap in the literature, we scanned participants with fMRI while they viewed two actions from either a first- or third-person perspective during some trials and executed the same actions during other trials. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, we found action-specific cross-modal visual–motor representations in PMv for the first-person but not for the third-person perspective. Additional analyses showed no evidence for spatial or attentional differences across the two perspective conditions. In contrast, more posterior areas in the parietal and occipitotemporal cortex did show cross-modal coding regardless of perspective. These findings point to a stronger role for these latter regions, relative to PMv, in supporting the understanding of others' actions with reference to one's own actions.
Smoking status and anti-inflammatory macrophages in induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage in COPD

Background: Macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. M1 and M2 macrophages constitute subpopulations displaying proand anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that smoking cessation affects macrophage heterogeneity in the lung of patients with COPD. Our aim was to study macrophage heterogeneity using the M2-marker CD163 and selected proand anti-inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and induced sputum from current smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. Methods: 114 COPD patients (72 current smokers; 42 ex-smokers, median smoking cessation 3.5 years) were studied cross-sectionally and underwent sputum induction (M/F 99/15, age 62 ± 8 [mean ± SD] years, 42 (31-55) [median (range)] packyears, post-bronchodilator FEV1 63 ± 9% predicted, no steroids past 6 months). BAL was collected from 71 patients. CD163 macrophages were quantified in BAL and sputum cytospins. Proand antiinflammatory mediators were measured in BAL and sputum supernatants. Results: Ex-smokers with COPD had a higher percentage, but lower number of CD163 macrophages in BAL than current smokers (83.5% and 68.0%, p = 0.04; 5.6 and 20.1 ×10/ml, p = 0.001 respectively). The percentage CD163 M2 macrophages was higher in BAL compared to sputum (74.0% and 30.3%, p < 0.001). BAL M-CSF levels were higher in smokers than ex-smokers (571 pg/ml and 150 pg/ml, p = 0.001) and correlated with the number of CD163 BAL macrophages (Rs = 0.38, p = 0.003). No significant differences were found between smokers and exsmokers in the levels of pro-inflammatory (IL-6 and IL-8), and anti-inflammatory (elafin, and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor [SLPI]) mediators in BAL and sputum. Conclusions: Our data suggest that smoking cessation partially changes the macrophage polarization in vivo in the periphery of the lung towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which is not accompanied by a decrease in inflammatory parameters.
Endothelin-1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor are co-localized in human amnion membrane cells and secreted into amniotic ̄ uid

We have examined the cellular localization and human amniotic ̄uid content of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and macrophage colonystimulating factor (M-CSF). The study material consisted of amniotic ̄uid from 20 patients referred for amniocentesis, and placental samples from normal deliveries. ET-1 and M-CSF were analysed by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay respectively. The cellular localization of ET-1 and M-CSF in the amnion membranes was analysed by double-labelling immunocytochemistry using ̄uorescein isothiocyanateand Cy3-labelled secondary antibodies. Release of ET-1 and M-CSF was studied in cultured amniocytes. We found that the mean 6 SD concentrations of ET-1 and M-CSF in fetal amniotic ̄uid were 45.6 6 17.3 pmol/l (range 16.8±85.5) and 7323 6 3415 ng/l (range 2640±12 110) respectively. Doublelabelling immunocytochemistry showed that both M-CSF and ET-1 were co-localized in the same cells to a high extent. Further analysis revealed that levels of M-CSF, but not ET-1, were signi®cantly correlated with pregnancy length. Both M-CSF and ET-1 were released from cultured amniocytes in response to interleukin-1. These ®ndings show that ET-1 and M-CSF are partly co-localized to speci®c cells in the human amniotic membrane. As both M-CSF and ET-1 were released from cultured amniocytes in vitro, this suggests that they both may be secreted into fetal amniotic ̄uid in vivo as well.
An Inter-laboratory Study to Evaluate the Effects of Medium Composition on the Differentiation and Barrier Function of Caco-2 Cell Lines

Differentiated human intestinal Caco-2 cells are frequently used in toxicology and pharmacology as in vitro models for studies on intestinal barrier functions. Since several discrepancies exist among the different lines and clones of Caco-2 cells, comparison of the results obtained and optimisation of models for use for regulatory purposes are particularly difficult, especially with respect to culture conditions and morphological and biochemical parameters. An inter-laboratory study has been performed on the parental cell line and on three clonal Caco-2 cell lines, with the aim of standardising the culture conditions and identifying the best cell line with respect to parameters relevant to barrier integrity, namely, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and mannitol passage, and of epithelial differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity). Comparison of the cell lines maintained in traditional serum-supplemented culture medium or in defined medium, containing insulin, transferrin, selenium and lipids, showed that parameter performance was better and more reproducible with the traditional medium. The maintenance of the cell lines for 15 days in culture was found to be sufficient for the development of barrier properties, but not for full epithelial differentiation. Caco-2/TC7 cells performed better than the other three cell lines, both in terms of reproducibility and performance, exhibiting low TEER and mannitol passage, and high alkaline phosphatase activity.
Sialylation and fucosylation of epidermal growth factor receptor suppress its dimerization and activation in lung cancer cells

Protein glycosylation is an important posttranslational process, which regulates protein folding and functional expression. Studies have shown that abnormal glycosylation in tumor cells affects cancer progression and malignancy. In the current study, we have identified sialylated proteins using an alkynyl sugar probe in two different lung cancer cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5 with distinct invasiveness derived from the same parental cell line. Among the identified sialylated proteins, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was chosen to understand the effect of sialylation on its function. We have determined the differences in glycan sequences of EGFR in both cells and observed higher sialylation and fucosylation of EGFR in CL1-5 than in CL1-0. Further study suggested that overexpression of sialyltransferases in CL1-5 and α1,3-fucosyltransferases (FUT4 or FUT6) in CL1-5 and A549 cells would suppress EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation upon EGF treatment, as compared to the control and CL1-0 cells. Such modulating effects on EGFR dimerization were further confirmed by sialidase or fucosidase treatment. Thus, increasing sialylation and fucosylation could attenuate EGFR-mediated invasion of lung cancer cells. However, incorporation of the core fucose by α1,6-fucosylatransferase (FUT8) would promote EGFR dimerization and phosphorylation.
Shuffle turn and translation of humanoid robots

This paper proposes a novel shuffle-translating method that combines shuffle turns repeatedly for a humanoid robot. Conventionally, the walking motion of a humanoid robot is performed through a repeated foot stepping motion. However, this motion is inefficient and has low stability. Previously, we have studied the shuffle-turning method for a humanoid robot, which can perform a stepless and stable turning. In this paper, we present a precise shuffle turn with feedback control and a new shuffle translation method by repeating shuffle turns. Experiments using a humanoid robot were conducted and the results revealed that the proposed method was effective for shuffle translation.
Prevention of Cardiovascular Ischemic Events: High-Risk and Secondary Prevention

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease involving the coronary, carotid, and aorto-femoral vascular beds that represents the major cause of death worldwide.1,2 Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Efforts at preventing the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis have yielded impressive results in the past 3 decades and constitute the major focus of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III)3 and the Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Coronary Prevention.4 The primary prevention of CAD represents one of the most important aspects of preventive medicine today. The secondary prevention of CAD has become the major focus of healthcare teams dealing with cardiovascular medicine. “Secondary prevention” was initially designated for patients who had a myocardial infarction. More recently, the term has been used to encompass patients with objective evidence of coronary artery, cerebrovascular, or peripheral disease.3 With the realization that patients with diabetes had a prognosis at least as grave as patients with CAD,5,6 the term secondary prevention has yielded its place for a more comprehensive strategy aimed at treating patients at high risk of CAD. These include patients with multiple risk factors, a 10-year risk of cardiovascular event >20%, diabetes (especially those with one additional cardiovascular risk factor), atherosclerotic vascular disease, and a previous myocardial infarction. This population thus represents the top stratum of cardiovascular risk and has a prognosis equivalent to or worse than post-myocardial infarction patients. Over the past 15 years, clinical practice guidelines have been adapted to take into account novel information derived from large-scale intervention studies (Figure 1). Current strategies, in terms of public health and targeted therapy, are aimed at identifying global cardiovascular risk in an individual and treating all risk factors, starting initially by therapeutic …
Oxygenator Is the Main Responsible for Leukocyte Activation in Experimental Model of Extracorporeal Circulation: A Cautionary Tale

In order to assess mechanisms underlying inflammatory activation during extracorporeal circulation (ECC), several small animal models of ECC have been proposed recently. The majority of them are based on home-made, nonstandardized, and hardly reproducible oxygenators. The present study has generated fundamental information on the role of oxygenator of ECC in activating inflammatory signaling pathways on leukocytes, leading to systemic inflammatory response, and organ dysfunction. The present results suggest that experimental animal models of ECC used in translational research on inflammatory response should be based on standardized, reproducible oxygenators with clinical characteristics.
[Cloning, prokaryotic expression and bioinformatics of Rspg1 gene of Rhizoctonia solani].

OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at understanding the roles of polygalacturonases in the pathogenicity and the interaction between Rhizoctonia solani and rice. METHODS According to the sequences of Rspg1 of R. solani deposited in GenBank, a pair of specific primers was designed. The gene Rspg1 was cloned and expressed using prokaryotic expression tool to elucidate its biological characteristics. The structures of the protein RsPG1 were predicted using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS A 1395-bp fragment including an open reading frame (OFR) of Rspg1 was amplified from the genomic DNA of the pathogen. Compared with RT-PCR results, it was found that this sequence fragment contains five introns (positions 278-334, 545-601, 657-715, 1090-1155 and 1244-1304) and one 1095 bp ORF. The ORF was predicted to encode 364 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that RsPG1 contains an 18-amino acid signal peptide and 4 conserved sequence segments (180NTD, 202DD, 223GHG and 255RIK) characteristic of all the polygalacturonases. The main structural elements of the secondary structure are alpha-helix, beta-sheet and random coil. Six cysteines form three disulfide bonds (Cys24-Cys40, Cys204-Cys220 and Cys329-Cys333). Transmembrane prediction analysis suggested that RsPG1 could be secreted outside the cell. Tertiary structure is a right-handed helix which consisted of ten repeated beta-sheet, forming an opening activity cleft. CONCLUSION RsPG1 is tentatively a 40 kDa protein with polygalacturonase enzyme activity at 277.78 U/mg. It is probably a secreted protein and has characteristics of all the polygalacturonases. The results can help to further understand the roles that R. solani polygalacturonases play during the pathogenicity and how the pathogen interacts with the host.
The dynamic TCRδ: TCRδ chains in the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis utilize antibody‐like V genes

The content and organization of the Xenopus tropicalis TCRα/δ locus was determined. This locus is highly conserved among tetrapods, with the genes encoding the TCRδ chains embedded with those encoding TCRα. However, the frog TCRα/δ is unusual in that it contains V genes that appear indistinguishable from those in the IgH locus (VH). These V genes, termed VHδ, make up 70% of the V genes at the TCRδ locus and are expressed exclusively in TCRδ chains. Finding TCRδ chains that use antibody‐like V domains in frogs is similar to the situation in shark TCRδ variants and TCRμ in marsupials. These results suggest that such unconventional TCR may be more widespread across vertebrate lineages than originally thought and raise the possibility of previously unrealized subsets of T cells. We also revealed close linkage of TCRα/δ, IgH, and Igλ in Xenopus which, in combination with linkage analyses in other species, is consistent with the previous models for the emergence of these antigen receptor loci.
Technology acquisition and technology learning in banking industry: Lessons from Nigerian banking sector

Firms’ ability to effectively exploit technologies acquired is largely hinged on their technology learning capabilities. However, most firms in developing countries that acquire technology lacks sufficient skills to effectively acquire, learn and exploit acquired technologies. The objective of this study is to assess technology acquisition and technology learning in Nigeria’s commercial banks. The paper also considered the impact of technology learning on the technological performance of the banks. The study sampled 18 out of 21 commercial banks in Nigeria and responses were gotten from 14 banks. As a sample, 112 questionnaires were administered with a 54.5% response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression model, and results shows that the surveyed banks acquired various types of technology but with less emphasis on the know-how (tacit) aspect of technology. Banks engagement in technology learning activity such as perform in-house R&D was about 50%. About 50.8% of the respondent had attended training on technology duplication, improvement and development. The study suggests that banks should lay more emphasis on acquiring the know-how aspect of technology, and engage more internal R&D to boost their technology learning capability since technology learning have impact on the technological performance of banks. Key words: Technology acquisition, technology learning, technology, learning, technological performance.
Road Accident due to a Pancreatic Insulinoma

AbstractInsulinoma is a rare pancreatic endocrine tumor, typically sporadic and solitary. Although the Whipple triad, consisting of hypoglycemia, neuroglycopenic symptoms, and symptoms relief with glucose administration, is often present, the diagnosis may be challenging when symptoms are less typical.We report a case of road accident due to an episode of loss of consciousness in a patient with pancreatic insulinoma. In the previous months, the patient had occasionally reported nonspecific symptoms. During hospitalization, endocrine examinations were compatible with an insulin-producing tumor. Abdominal computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging allowed us to identify and localize the tumor. The patient underwent a robotic distal pancreatectomy with partial omentectomy and splenectomy.Insulin-producing tumors may go undetected for a long period due to nonspecific clinical symptoms, and may cause episodes of loss of consciousness with potentially lethal consequences. Robot-assisted procedures can be performed with the same techniques of the traditional surgery, reducing surgical trauma, intraoperative blood loss, and hospital stays.
Discovering Dynamic Dipoles in Climate Data

Pressure dipoles are important long distance climate phenomena (teleconnection) characterized by pressure anomalies of opposite polarity appearing at two different locations at the same time. Such dipoles have proven important for understanding and explaining the variability in climate in many regions of the world, e.g., the El Nino climate phenomenon is known to be responsible for precipitation and temperature anomalies worldwide. This paper presents a novel approach for dipole discovery that outperforms existing state of the art algorithms. Our approach is based on a climate anomaly network that is constructed using the correlation of time series of climate variables at all the locations on the Earth. One novel aspect of our approach to the analysis of such networks is a careful treatment of negative correlations, whose proper consideration is critical for finding dipoles. Another key insight provided by our work is the importance of modeling the time dependent patterns of the dipoles in order to better capture the impact of important climate phenomena on land. The results presented in this paper show that these innovations allow our approach to produce better results than previous approaches in terms of matching existing climate indices with high correlation and capturing the impact of climate indices on land.
Algorithms for deferred view maintenance

Materialized views and view maintenance are important for data warehouses, retailing, banking, and billing applications. We consider two related view maintenance problems: 1) how to maintain views after the base tables have already been modified, and 2) how to minimize the time for which the view is inaccessible during maintenance.Typically, a view is maintained immediately, as a part of the transaction that updates the base tables. Immediate maintenance imposes a significant overhead on update transactions that cannot be tolerated in many applications. In contrast, deferred maintenance allows a view to become inconsistent with its definition. A refresh operation is used to reestablish consistency. We present new algorithms to incrementally refresh a view during deferred maintenance. Our algorithms avoid a state bug that has artificially limited techniques previously used for deferred maintenance.Incremental deferred view maintenance requires auxiliary tables that contain information recorded since the last view refresh. We present three scenarios for the use of auxiliary tables and show how these impact per-transaction overhead and view refresh time. Each scenario is described by an invariant that is required to hold in all database states. We then show that, with the proper choice of auxiliary tables, it is possible to lower both per-transaction overhead and view refresh time.
A New Method for Estimating the Widths of JPEG Images

Image width is important for image understanding. We propose a novel method to estimate widths for JPEG images when their widths are not available. The key idea is that the distance between two decoded MCUs (Minimum Coded Unit) adjacent in the vertical direction is usually small, which is measured by the average Euclidean distance between the pixels from the bottom row of the top MCU and the top row of the bottom MCU. On PASCAL VOC 2010 challenge dataset and USC-SIPI image database, experimental results show the high performance of the proposed approach.
Event-building through Role-filling and Anaphora Resolution

In this study we map out a way to build event representations incrementally, using information which may be widely distributed across a discourse. An enhanced Discourse Representation (Kamp, 1981) provides the vehicle both for carrying open event roles through the discourse until they can be instantiated by NPs, and for resolving the reference of these otherwise problematic NPs by binding them to the event roles.
Novel Exosome-Targeted CD4+ T Cell Vaccine Counteracting CD4+25+ Regulatory T Cell-Mediated Immune Suppression and Stimulating Efficient Central Memory CD8+ CTL Responses1

T cell-to-T cell Ag presentation is increasingly attracting attention. In this study, we demonstrated that active CD4+ T (aT) cells with uptake of OVA-pulsed dendritic cell-derived exosome (EXOOVA) express exosomal peptide/MHC class I and costimulatory molecules. These EXOOVA-uptaken (targeted) CD4+ aT cells can stimulate CD8+ T cell proliferation and differentiation into central memory CD8+ CTLs and induce more efficient in vivo antitumor immunity and long-term CD8+ T cell memory responses than OVA-pulsed dendritic cells. They can also counteract CD4+25+ regulatory T cell-mediated suppression of in vitro CD8+ T cell proliferation and in vivo CD8+ CTL responses and antitumor immunity. We further elucidate that the EXOOVA-uptaken (targeted)CD4+ aT cell’s stimulatory effect is mediated via its IL-2 secretion and acquired exosomal CD80 costimulation and is specifically delivered to CD8+ T cells in vivo via acquired exosomal peptide/MHC class I complexes. Therefore, EXO-targeted active CD4+ T cell vaccine may represent a novel and highly effective vaccine strategy for inducing immune responses against not only tumors, but also other infectious diseases.