Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Person-centered psychotherapies.

In Person-Centered Psychotherapies, David J. Cain discusses the history, theory, research and practice of this seminal approach whose basic premises have influenced the practice of most therapeutic systems. Person-centered therapy, also called client-centered therapy, was created by Carl Rogers almost 70 years ago. In polls of psychotherapists conducted in 1982 and 2007, Carl Rogers was voted the most influential psychotherapist in history. His original approach gave rise to a number of variations on the original, all of which may be classified as person-centered psychotherapies because of their basis in Rogers' core therapeutic conditions of empathy, unconditional positive regard, and congruence. This model emphasizes the client - therapist relationship, focusing on how the quality of moment-to-moment engagement between therapist and client can create optimal conditions for client growth. Person-centered therapies view clients as resourceful persons capable finding their own directions and solutions for their problems, and a fundamental value of the person-centered therapist is to honor and preserve the client's autonomy and choice. In this book, Dr. Cain presents and explores person-centered psychotherapy, its theory, history, therapy process, primary change mechanisms, the empirical basis for its effectiveness, and contemporary developments that have refined theory and expanded how it may be practiced. In recent years dialogical, experiential, existential and expressive-creative influences have been integrated in practice. This essential primer, amply illustrated with case examples featuring diverse clients, is perfect for graduate students studying theories of therapy and counseling as well as for seasoned practitioners interested in understanding how it has evolved in recent decades.
The densest subgraph problem in sparse random graphs

We determine the asymptotic behavior of the maximum subgraph density of large random graphs with a prescribed degree sequence. The result applies in particular to the Erdős–Renyi model, where it settles a conjecture of Hajek [IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory 36 (1990) 1398–1414]. Our proof consists in extending the notion of balanced loads from finite graphs to their local weak limits, using unimodularity. This is a new illustration of the objective method described by Aldous and Steele [In Probability on Discrete Structures (2004) 1–72 Springer].
Implementation of an Experimental System for Automatic Program Transformation Based on Generalized Partial Computation

data types of auxiliary functions. A simplification process is successful if the result entails the elimination of all recursive calls to the (user defined) source program through folding. Since the folding process comes after this process, the simplification process is nondeterministic. That is, if the folding process is unsuccessful, we backtrack our SDFU process to the simplification process that caused the folding process and undo the simplification and try another simplification if possible. Examples of simplification are shown below: 1. Let the current environment be i and a source program be a conditional expression such as if p(u) then e1 else e2. Then if p(u) is provable from i then the residual program is the result of GPC of e1 with repect to i∧ p(u). If ¬p(u) is provable from i then the residual program is the result of GPC of e2 with repect to i ∧ ¬p(u). If neither of the above cases holds within a predetermined time, then the residual program is if p(u) then (residual progam of GPC of e1 with repect to i∧p(u)) else (residual program of GPC of e2 with repect to i ∧ ¬p(u)). 2. Let mod(x, d) be a function computing the remainder of x÷d. Then mod(x∗ y, d) is replaced by mod(mod(x, d) ∗ mod(y, d), d). The purpose of this replacement is to move the mod function into the multiplication. This makes the folding of composite function with mod easier. 3. If we know the termination of function f , f(x) ≡ if p(x) then a else f(d(x)) is replaced by a, where a is a constant. 4. If f(a) = a, then f(a) is replaced by a for m > 0. Distribution Suppose that a source program e contains a conditional expression such as if p(u) then e1 else e2. Let e be Cont [if p(u) then e1 else e2]. Then the operation to produce a program if p(u) then Cont [e1] else Cont [e2] from e is called distribution. Since WSDFU deals with only strict programs, the distribution operation preserves semantics of programs. GPC of e wrt i produces a GPC tree shown in Fig. 1. In the figure, N1, N2 and N3 are new names attached to nodes. They also stand for function names defined by GPC subtrees. For example, N1(u) ≡ if p(u) then Cont [e1] else Cont [e2]. Environments of nodes N2 and N3 are i ∧ p(u) and i ∧ ¬p(u), respectively. i Cont [if p(u) then e1 else e2] N1(u) p(u) ¬p(u) N2(u) Cont [e1] Cont [e2] N3(u) Fig. 1. GPC tree for distribution of a context over a conditional expression Suppose that a source program e does not contain a conditional expression. Let e be Cont [e1] and e ′ 1 be the result of GPC of e1 wrt i. Then GPC of e wrt i 4 Yoshihiko Futamura, Zenjiro Konishi, and Robert Glück produces a GPC tree shown in Fig. 2. In the figure, the environment of node N2 is i. This process can be considered as a part of the distribution.
Group Identity and Coalition Formation: Experiments in a three?player divide the dollar Game

This paper is an experimental study on the effect of group identity on the formation of coalitions and the resulting distribution of resources. After inducing group identity based on preferences over paintings, subjects play symmetric three-player _divide the dollar_ games with a majority rule decision process. The main finding is that where two players are from one group and one from the other, those in the minority earn significantly less than majority players. This is largely a result of a two-way split between majority players occurring more frequently, either because of the increased salience of this outcome, or a shift in social preferences.
Square-Cut: A Segmentation Algorithm on the Basis of a Rectangle Shape

We present a rectangle-based segmentation algorithm that sets up a graph and performs a graph cut to separate an object from the background. However, graph-based algorithms distribute the graph's nodes uniformly and equidistantly on the image. Then, a smoothness term is added to force the cut to prefer a particular shape. This strategy does not allow the cut to prefer a certain structure, especially when areas of the object are indistinguishable from the background. We solve this problem by referring to a rectangle shape of the object when sampling the graph nodes, i.e., the nodes are distributed non-uniformly and non-equidistantly on the image. This strategy can be useful, when areas of the object are indistinguishable from the background. For evaluation, we focus on vertebrae images from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) datasets to support the time consuming manual slice-by-slice segmentation performed by physicians. The ground truth of the vertebrae boundaries were manually extracted by two clinical experts (neurological surgeons) with several years of experience in spine surgery and afterwards compared with the automatic segmentation results of the proposed scheme yielding an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 90.97±2.2%.
Context Dependent Minimization of State / EventSystemsGerd

This paper presents a technique for eeciently checking reachability properties of concurrent state/event systems. The technique improves the traditional algorithm for forwards exploration of the global state space by incremental construction of subsystems which are kept small using a context dependent minimization. A tool has been implemented with the speciic purpose of verifying state/event systems. Experimental results reports on a feasible automatic veriication of correctness of Milner's Sched-uler { an often used benchmark { with 100 cells. This result dramatically improves the previous best results for this benchmark. Also our tehcnique has been shown to perform well on industrial designs of sizes up to 400 concurrent state machines.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors and pancreatitis risk: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials

Some observational studies reporting an increased risk of pancreatitis in association with Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have raised concerns on the overall safety of this class. Aim of the present meta‐analysis is the systematic collection of information on pancreatitis in randomized clinical trials with DPP4i.
Use of strategies and decision rules by Australian wool producers to manage uncertainty

Decisions by Australian wool producers were modelled with a technique combining personal construct psychology and hierarchical decision models. Both strategic and tactical approaches were evident in wool producers' responses to the risks associated with producing and marketing their wool. Strategic responses included avoiding short to medium-term response to price changes, diversification, maintaining equity and selling wool at auction in the same sale each year. Producers identified many types of risk, with each engendering a distinctive response. Similarly the context of a decision appeared to have a major influence on the attitude to risk. Simplifying decision rules were apparent that helped producers deal with the physical, information, and processing constraints of an ambiguous decision-making environment. One implication of these results may be that prescriptive advice must recognise the importance of strategy and decision rules as a response to uncertainty and ambiguity. A second is that such advice should also take account of the influence of context on attitude to risk and ambiguity.
Semiparametric Estimation of Mutual Information and Related Criteria: Optimal Test of Independence

We derive independence tests by means of dependence measures thresholding in a semiparametric context. Precisely, the estimates of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-mutual informations, associated to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergences between a joint distribution and the product distribution of its marginals, are derived through the dual representation of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\varphi$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-divergences. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimates are established, including consistency, asymptotic distributions, and large deviations principle. The obtained tests of independence are compared via their relative asymptotic Bahadur efficiency and numerical simulations. It follows that the proposed semiparametric mutual information test is the optimal one. On the other hand, the proposed approach provides a new method for estimating the mutual information in a semiparametric setting, as well as a model selection procedure in a large class of dependence models, including semiparametric copulas.
Cell surface phosphatidylinositol-anchored heparan sulfate proteoglycan initiates mouse melanoma cell adhesion to a fibronectin-derived, heparin-binding synthetic peptide

Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) from metastatic mouse melanoma cells initiates cell adhesion to the synthetic peptide FN-C/H II, a heparin-binding peptide from the 33-kD A chain-derived fragment of fibronectin. Mouse melanoma cell adhesion to FN-C/H II was sensitive to soluble heparin and pretreatment of mouse melanoma cells with heparitinase. In contrast, cell adhesion to the fibronectin synthetic peptide CS1 is mediated through an alpha 4 beta 1 integrin and was resistant to heparin or heparitinase treatment. Mouse melanoma cell HSPG was metabolically labeled with [35S]sulfate and extracted with detergent. After HPLC-DEAE purification, 35S-HSPG eluted from a dissociative CL-4B column with a Kav approximately 0.45, while 35S- heparan sulfate (HS) chains eluted with a Kav approximately 0.62. The HSPG contained a major 63-kD core protein after heparitinase digestion. Polyclonal antibodies generated against HSPG purified from mouse melanoma cells grown in vivo also identified a 63-kD core protein. This HSPG is an integral plasma membrane component by virtue of its binding to Octyl Sepharose affinity columns and that anti-HSPG antibody staining exhibited a cell surface localization. The HSPG is anchored to the cell surface through phosphatidylinositol (PI) linkages, as evidenced in part by the ability of PI-specific phospholipase C to eliminate binding of the detergent-extracted HSPG to Octyl Sepharose. Furthermore, the mouse melanoma HSPG core protein could be metabolically labeled with 3H-ethanolamine. The involvement of mouse melanoma cell surface HSPG in cell adhesion to fibronectin was also demonstrated by the ability of anti-HSPG antibodies and anti-HSPG IgG Fab monomers to inhibit mouse melanoma cell adhesion to FN-C/H II. 35S- HSPG and 35S-HS bind to FN-C/H II affinity columns and require 0.25 M NaCl for elution. However, heparitinase-treated 125I-labeled HSPG failed to bind FN-C/H II, suggesting that HS, and not HSPG core protein, binds FN-C/H II. These data support the hypothesis that a phosphatidylinositol-anchored HSPG on mouse melanoma cells (MPIHP-63) initiates recognition to FN-C/H II, and implicate PI-associated signal transduction pathways in mediating melanoma cell adhesion to this defined ligand.
Data Envelopment Analysis with Functional Data using Preference Method

In this paper we assess the efficiency of units using data envelopment analysis (DEA). In first stage, a functional data is converted to a fuzzy bell shape number and then a benchmark point would be chosen for each input or output and using the preference ratio method, the equivalence multiplier of each data would be calculated. In order to simplification of functional data, functional data will be replaced bythe equivalence multiplier.
Quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine, December 2014, Vol 75, No 12 © 2 01 4 M A H ea lth ca re L td Introduction Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), also known as real‐time PCR, is a technique used to quantify specific nucleic acid sequences in a sample of interest. The assay relies on the generation of a fluores‐ cent signal that is directly proportional to the amount of target DNA and is used most commonly for the analysis of gene expression. This article outlines the basic principles and applications of quantitative PCR, and addresses some common pitfalls and ways they may be overcome. While this is by no means an exhaustive overview, it is hoped that this article will provide a useful introduction for the clinician begin‐ ning a period of training in basic science.
A New Mobile Online Social Network Based Location Sharing with Enhanced Privacy Protection

Location based services (LBSs), which are useful applications of mobile online social network (mOSN), exploit various geographic properties. Location sharing helps people to share their current locations with designated friends and is one important primitive to construct the LBSs. The recent reports showed that a poorly designed location sharing scheme could easily allow the privacy of users to be violated. Over years, lots of efforts are made to provide a privacy-preserving location sharing, but none of them is satisfactory. To address this issue, we introduce a new location sharing scheme in mOSNs with a strong user privacy protection mechanism such that (a) the user's current location as well as (b) the list of friends who will learn the user's current location will be protected from any unintended entity, while the designated friends in the list will learn the exact location of the user. For this purpose, we introduce a new cryptography primitive called the functional pseudonym scheme based on Lagrange polynomial with the public social network IDs of the designated friends. Then, the pseudonym of a user is posted on the server along with the current location of the user. While each user can see every posted messages (pseudonym and location pairs), the actual identify of the originator of each pair can be verified only by designated friends, whose identities are used to compute the pseudonym. Most importantly, unlike any of the existing counterparts, our scheme does not assume neither a trusted server nor pre-established secret among the friends.
VERTEXLIGHTS WITH FIXED DIRECTIONS IN SIMPLE POLYGONS

We study the problem of determining the smallest α ∈ [0, 2π] for a given simple polygon P with n vertices, such that P can be illuminated by α-vertexlights the directions of which are fixed. We present an algorithm that finds a solution to this problem in O(rn) time, where r is the number of reflex vertices of P . Furthermore we show that with the help of parametric search the problem can be solved in O(rn log n) time. We use the extended real RAM as the model of computation.
Oligonucleotide aptamers: potential novel molecules against viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis, as an international public health concern, seriously affects communities and health system. In recent years, great strides have been taken for development of new potential tools against viral hepatitis. Among these efforts, a valuable strategy introduced new molecules called “aptamers”. Aptamers as potential alternatives for antibodies could be directed against any protein in infected cells and any components of viral particles. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis based on aptamer technology. In recent years, various types of aptamers including RNA and DNA were introduced against viral hepatitis. Some of these aptamers can be utilized for early and precise diagnosis of hepatitis infections and other group selected as therapeutic tools against viral targets. Designing diagnostic and therapeutic platforms based on aptamer technology is a promising approach in viral infections. The obtained aptamers in the recent years showed obvious potential for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against viral hepatitis. Although some modifications to increase the biostability and half-life of aptamers are underway, it seems these molecules will be a favorable substitute for monoclonal antibody in near future.
Increasing the power of identifying gene × gene interactions in genome‐wide association studies

In this paper we investigate the power to identify gene × gene interactions in genome‐wide association studies. In our analysis we focus on two‐stage analyses: analyses in which we only test for interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms that show some marginal effect. We give two algorithms to compute significance levels for such an analyses. One involves a Bonferoni correction on the number of interactions that are actually tested, and one is a resampling procedure similar to the one proposed by [Lin ( 2006 ) Am. J. Hum. Genet. 78:505–509]. We also give an algorithm to carry out approximate power calculations for studies that plan to use a two‐stage analysis. We find that for most plausible interaction effects a two‐stage analysis can dramatically increase the power to identify interactions compared to a single‐stage analysis based on simulation studies using known genetic models and data from existing genome‐wide association studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer Fatalism and Poor Self-Rated Health Mediate the Association between Socioeconomic Status and Uptake of Colorectal Cancer Screening in England

Background: Little is known about the psychological predictors of colorectal screening uptake in England and mediators of associations between uptake and socioeconomic status (SES). This study tested the hypotheses that although higher threat and efficacy beliefs, lower cancer fatalism, lower depression, and better self-rated health would predict higher screening uptake, only efficacy beliefs, fatalism, depression, and self-rated health would mediate associations between uptake and SES. Methods: Data from 529 adults aged 60 to 69 who had completed a postal survey in 2005–2006 were linked with data on fecal occult blood test (FOBt) uptake recorded at the screening “hub” following its introduction in 2007, resulting in a prospective study. Results: Screening uptake was 56% and was higher among people with higher SES, better self-rated health, higher self-efficacy beliefs, and lower cancer fatalism in univariate analyses. Path analysis on participants with complete data (n = 515) showed that both better self-rated health and lower cancer fatalism were directly associated with higher uptake of FOBt screening and significantly mediated pathways from SES to uptake. Lower depression only had an indirect effect on uptake through better self-rated health. Efficacy beliefs did not mediate the relationship between SES and uptake. Conclusion: SES differences in uptake of FOBt in England are partially explained by differences in cancer fatalism, self-rated health, and depression. Impact: This is one of only a few studies to examine mediators of the relationship between SES and screening uptake, and future research could test the effectiveness of interventions to reduce fatalistic beliefs to increase equality of uptake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(10); 2132–40. ©2011 AACR.
Hierarchies from fluxes in string compactifications

Warped compactifications with significant warping provide one of the few known mechanisms for naturally generating large hierarchies of physical scales. We demonstrate that this mechanism is realizable in string theory, and give examples involving orientifold compactifications of IIB string theory and F-theory compactifications on Calabi-Yau four-folds. In each case, the hierarchy of scales is fixed by a choice of RR and NS fluxes in the compact manifold. Our solutions involve compactifications of the Klebanov-Strassler gravity dual to a confining N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theory, and the hierarchy reflects the small scale of chiral symmetry breaking in the dual gauge theory.
Moving Vehicle Shadow Elimination Based on Random Walk and Edge Features

In this paper a vehicle detection algorithm is presented based on the combination of edge feature and random walk techniques. We used background subtraction and edge detection to obtain the moving area, then used morphological operations for vehicle skeleton extraction and get the seed for random walk. Our algorithm has three phases, detection of areas on moving objects, extraction of skeleton points on the moving area, finally segmentation of moving vehicles. The experimental results show that this approach works well in highway and urban area with high accuracy.
Chd2 regulates chromatin for proper gene expression toward differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells

Abstract Chromatin reorganization is necessary for pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), to acquire lineage potential. However, it remains unclear how ESCs maintain their characteristic chromatin state for appropriate gene expression upon differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that chromodomain helicase DNA-binding domain 2 (Chd2) is required to maintain the differentiation potential of mouse ESCs. Chd2-depleted ESCs showed suppressed expression of developmentally regulated genes upon differentiation and subsequent differentiation defects without affecting gene expression in the undifferentiated state. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing revealed alterations in the nucleosome occupancy of the histone variant H3.3 for developmentally regulated genes in Chd2-depleted ESCs, which in turn led to elevated trimethylation of the histone H3 lysine 27. These results suggest that Chd2 is essential in preventing suppressive chromatin formation for developmentally regulated genes and determines subsequent effects on developmental processes in the undifferentiated state.