Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal modeling and experimental study of 3D stack package with hot spot consideration

This paper provides a unique approach to thermal modeling of BEOL (Back End Of Line) layers in a 3D stacked LSI and introduces a novel cold plate design method by using a 30 mm by 30 mm LSI as an example. The paper focuses on BEOL thermal characterization, flow rate control in branch-channels and the micro-channels behind them in a cold plate in accordance with a power map of the LSI, and an experimental setup for thermal verification. The power map had several considerable hot spots. The cold plate was able to considerably reduce temperature differences by 5°C all across the top surface of the LSI on the load condition of 120 W/cm2 for hot spots and 60.5 W/cm2 for other areas with regard to heat density, at a flow rate of 1 L/min. to the cold plate inlet. It also achieved a low of 5 kPa in pressure loss while the flow rate ratio of hot spots to others was controlled to approximately 5:1.
COMPETENCIES OF NURSE MANAGERS IN SLOVENIA: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE STUDY

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify nurse managers’ competencies in Slovenia regarding various healthcare organisations, public and private healthcare sectors, and management levels, as well as the reasons for their differences. Design: The study was based on quantitative and qualitative research. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 297 nurse managers in Slovenia, and in-depth interviews with 12 nurse managers were carried out. Results: Managers who worked in nursing homes were significantly more likely to perceive themselves as being more competent in leadership (p = 0.001) and financial management (p = 0.004) than their colleagues. Managers who had higher management positions were significantly more likely to perceive themselves as being more competent in financial management than their colleagues in lower management positions (p = 0.002). Nurse managers in the private sector perceived themselves to be significantly more competent in financial management (p = 0.0001). The reasons for nurse managers’ differences in proficiency levels are the degree of job security, and degree of autonomy and support in the healthcare team. Conclusion: The study identified inadequate nurse manager competencies, and reflected the needs of nurse managers for designing and providing health management programmes aimed at enhancing management capacity in the health sector in Slovenia. Keywords: management, competencies, skills, nurse managers, Slovenia, in-depth interviews, healthcare organisations, management level.
Reproduction and dispersal in an ant‐associated root aphid community

Clonal organisms with occasional sex are important for our general understanding of the costs and benefits that maintain sexual reproduction. Cyclically parthenogenetic aphids are highly variable in their frequency of sexual reproduction. However, studies have mostly focused on free‐living aphids above ground, whereas dispersal constraints and dependence on ant‐tending may differentially affect the costs and benefits of sex in subterranean aphids. Here, we studied reproductive mode and dispersal in a community of root aphids that are obligately associated with the ant Lasius flavus. We assessed the genetic population structure of four species (Geoica utricularia, Tetraneura ulmi, Forda marginata and Forda formicaria) in a Dutch population and found that all species reproduce predominantly if not exclusively asexually, so that populations consist of multiple clonal lineages. We show that population viscosity is high and winged aphids rare, consistent with infrequent horizontal transmission between ant host colonies. The absence of the primary host shrub (Pistacia) may explain the absence of sex in three of the studied species, but elm trees (Ulmus) that are primary hosts of the fourth species (T. ulmi) occurred within a few km of the study population. We discuss the extent to which obligate ant‐tending and absence of primary hosts may have affected selection for permanent parthenogenesis, and we highlight the need for further study of these aphids in Southern Europe where primary hosts may occur close to L. flavus populations, so that all four root aphid species would have realistic opportunities for completing their sexual life cycle.
Validity and reliability of self-reported weight and height measures for the diagnoses of adolescent's nutritional status

PURPOSE: To assess the validity and reliability of self-reported height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) to diagnose the nutritional status of adolescents. METHODS: The study included 360 public school students of both genders, with ages ranging from 10 to 15 years. Adolescents self-reported their weight and height, and these values were later obtained directly by interviewers. The validity of BMI based on self-reported measures was calculated using sensitivity and specificity indexes, and positive predictive value (PPV). Agreement between self-reported and measured BMI was evaluated using Kappa's weight coefficient, the Lin correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman and Lin's plots. RESULTS: Both girls and boys underestimated their weight (-1.0 girls and boys) and height (girls - 1.2 and boys - 0.8) (p < 0.001). BMI presented moderate agreement between measured and self-reported values. Sensitivity of estimated BMI based on reported measures to classify obese subjects was higher for boys (87.5%) than it was for girls (60.9%), whereas specificity was higher for girls (92.7%) than it was for boys (80.6%). PPV was high only for classification of normal-weight adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported measures of weight and height in adolescents do not present valid measures; therefore, they should not be used to replace measured values. Additionally, we observed that 10% of obese boys and 40% of obese girls could have remained unidentified if we had used only self-reported measures, emphasizing the effects of the low reliability of self-reporting.
Totally implantable venous access ports systems for patients receiving chemotherapy for solid tissue malignancies: A randomized controlled clinical trial examining the safety, efficacy, costs, and impact on quality of life.

PURPOSE To examine the safety, efficacy, costs, and impact on quality of life of venous access ports implanted at the outset of a course of intravenous cancer chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Adults beginning a course of intravenous chemotherapy at two university-affiliated hospitals were randomly allocated to have venous access using a surgically implanted venous access port (Port-a-Cath; Pharmacia, Canada Inc, Montreal, Québec, Canada) or using standard peripheral venous access. All accesses were documented by number, route, purpose, and procedure duration. Outcome measurements included port complications, access strategy failure, access-related anxiety and pain, quality of life (Functional Living Index-Cancer [FLI-C]), and costs. RESULTS Port complication rates were low (0.23/1,000 days). Failure occurred in two (3.4%) of 59 port subjects and 16 (26.7%) of 60 controls (P =. 0004) at a median period of 26 days after randomization (95% confidence interval, 8 to 92). Peripheral accesses in port subjects took less time, had less access-related anxiety and pain, and were less costly to perform than in controls. Allocation had no effect on FLI-C scores. Peripheral access failure correlated with allocation to the control group (P =.007), higher pain scores with intravenous (IV) starts (P =.003), and anxiety with IV starts (P =.01). Venous accessing overall in port patients was four times more costly than that in controls ($2,178/patient v $530/patient, respectively). CONCLUSION Ports were safe and effective but had no detectable impact on functional quality of life, despite less access-related anxiety, pain, and discomfort. Because only approximately one quarter of control patients ultimately required central venous access, economic considerations suggest that port-use policies should be based upon defined criteria of need.
Direct and metabolism‐dependent cytochrome P450 inhibition assays for evaluating drug–drug interactions

We developed methods for evaluating the ntial inhibition of human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, including CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2 C9, CYP2 C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, using pooled human liver microsomes (HLMs). The CYP inhibition assay used substrate cocktail sets [set A: phenacetin for CYP1A2, coumarin for CYP2A6, (S)‐(+)‐mephenytoin for CYP2C19, dextromethorphan for CYP2D6 and midazolam for CYP3A4; set B: bupropion for CYP2B6, tolbutamide for CYP2C9, chlorzoxazone for CYP2E1, and testosterone for CYP3A4] with quantitation by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. A direct inhibition assay was performed with the substrate cocktails without β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) pre‐incubation, and a metabolism‐dependent inhibition (MDI) assay was performed after 30 min of pre‐incubation with NADPH in HLMs. MDI was identified based on the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) shifts. The IC50 values of the direct inhibitors determined using the probe substrate cocktails were in good agreement with previously reported values. Eight metabolism‐dependent inhibitors including furafylline, 8‐methoxypsoralen, tienilic acid, ticlopidine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, disulfiram and verapamil against CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, respectively, resulted in significant IC50 shifts (≥2.5‐fold) after pre‐incubation. Thus, these CYP inhibition assays are considered to be useful tools for evaluating both direct inhibition and MDI at an early stage of the drug discovery and development process. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Growth, Governance, and Geography on Franchise Performance

Growing franchise systems are admired and rewarded favorably by press, seen as “growth engines” in investor stock portfolios, and attract significant interest from potential franchisees. Yet growth brings with it the specter of intra-brand competition, and its attendant ill effect of sharply reducing the motivation of franchisees – the very drivers of such growth. Facing competition from their very own, franchisees indulge in shirking, in turn eliciting franchisor terminations in ever greater numbers as they run afoul of the franchise agreement. These franchisor terminations, in turn, may subsequently affect the financial position of franchise systems in terms of sales and profitability. It is therefore worth investigating the relational and financial consequences of franchise system growth. Importantly, it is useful to uncover means of growing even while reducing the extent to which terminations might even be necessary. Further, as a franchise system’s growth in a particular market fosters geographic proximity or clustering of the same-brand outlets leading to intrabrand competition, it is useful to uncover the conditions under which this proximity is beneficial or harmful to the same-brand outlets’ performance. Proximal same-brand outlets may share knowledge while competing with one another. The boundary conditions where one effect overcomes the other are worth exploring. My dissertation comprises two essays assessing the performance implications of growth and geography in the context of franchising at two different levels of analysis – at the franchise system-, and at the individual outlet-level. My first essay traces the growth in the retail footprint – the number of outlets operating – of 75 franchise systems operating in 11 industries, observed over up to thirteen years. In contrast, essay 2 examines the implications of growth-induced proximity for each of the 988 individual outlets of a single franchise system from its inception in 1977 until 2012. Overall, my findings suggest that franchise system growth increases franchisor terminations of franchisees, but the likelihood of these terminations may be reduced if growth relies on ownership of franchisor outlets, higher royalty rate, or clustering of outlets. Furthermore, the impact of
A new fluorescence staining assay for visualizing living microorganisms in soil

5- (and 6-)Sulfofluorescein diacetate (SFDA), which is converted to a fluorescent product by intracellular esterase activity, was used to stain living microorganisms, including bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and fungi, in soil. SFDA (1 mM) dissolved in ethyl alcohol was added to an intact soil sample, and the preparation was examined with an epifluorescence microscope. Bright single cells and colonies of live bacteria were observed without interference from the autofluorescence of soil minerals and detritus. Cultured Escherichia coli was killed through heat treatment; thus, SFDA was concluded to stain only living cells. Microbial colonies obtained from natural soils and various cultured strains were tested. It was found that 151 of 154 colonies from natural soils were stained and that hyphae and spores from 1 of 28 cultured microbial strains were not stained. The SFDA method was successfully used to visualize and count bacteria in soil samples from Mount Shiga in Japan.
Ink 4 a / Arf Deficiency Promotes Ultraviolet Radiation-induced Melanomagenesis 1

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), already known for its highly aggressive behavior and resistance to conventional therapy, has evolved into a health crisis by virtue of a dramatic elevation in incidence. The underlying genetic basis for CMM, as well as the fundamental role for UV radiation in its etiology, is now widely accepted. However, the only bona fide genetic locus to emerge from extensive analysis of CMM suppressor candidates is INK4a/ARF at 9p21, which is lost frequently in familial and occasionally in somatic CMM. The functional relationship between INK4a/ARF and UV radiation in the pathogenesis of CMM is largely unknown. Recently, we reported that hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF)-transgenic mice develop melanomas after a single erythemal dose of neonatal UV radiation, supporting epidemiological data implicating childhood sunburn in CMM. Here we show that neonatal UV irradiation induces a full spectrum of melanocyte pathology from early premalignant lesions through distant metastases. Cutaneous melanomas arise with histopathological and molecular pathogenetic features remarkably similar to CMM, including loss of ink4a/arf. A role for ink4a/arf in UV-induced melanomagenesis was directly assessed by placing the HGF/SF transgene on a genetic background devoid of ink4a/arf. Median time to melanoma development induced by UV radiation was only 50 days in HGF/SF ink4a/arf / mice, compared with 152 and 238 days in HGF/SF ink4a/arf / and HGF/SF ink4a/arf / mice, respectively. These studies provide experimental evidence that ink4a/arf plays a critical role in UV-induced melanomagenesis and strongly suggest that sunburn is a highly significant risk factor, particularly in families harboring germ-line mutations in INK4a/ARF.
News Media and Investor Sentiment over the Long Run

This paper studies the effect of investor sentiment on the London stock market on a daily basis over the period 1899 to 2010. We use a broad mix of reporting from the Financial Times as our proxy for investor sentiment. The main contribution of this paper is threefold. First, newspaper commentary, which was sentiment-laden, but information-light, in the Financial Times affects returns. Second, we find evidence that sentiment plays a role in propagating price movements, particularly during bull markets. Third, we find little evidence that the effect of sentiment on the market differs in bear versus bull markets.
Is the Number of Faults Helpful for Cross-Company Defect Prediction?

In the field of Cross-company Defect Prediction (CCDP), how to deal with the data to make it more accurately predict the cross-company software defects is the focus problem we need to consider. Now a mainstream idea is to determine the weight of the training data based on the similarity between the training data and the test set, and then build the model on the basis of these weighted data. However, sometimes, when we deal with some problems with imbalance class, directly using the weight calculated above may lead to errors. Because a large number of non-defective instance’s weight accumulation will lead to the defective instance’s weight has a little impact on the final result. This is why we need to consider the addition of the number of defects. Considering the number of defects will effectively eliminate the impact of a large number of non-defective instance’s weight accumulation. Therefore, we propose a Transfer-learning Naïve Bayes model considering the number of defective information(NTNB). The method consists of two major stages: weight the data and build the prediction model. In the stage of weighting the data, we not only consider the similarity between the data but also consider the number of defects to get the final weights for data. And we conducted a set of comparative experiments on six open crosscompany datasets. The results show that considering the number of defects information can effectively avoid some defective instance is misjudged as non-defective instance, and improve the accuracy of prediction in some unbalanced problems. Keywords—software defect prediction;cross-company defect prediction; transfer learning; NTNB
Chorangiocarcinoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Chorangiocarcinoma is the name designated to a chorangioma with trophoblastic proliferation manifesting increased proliferative activity. Only 3 such cases have been published so far. Other studies challenged this entity by demonstrating that proliferation of the trophoblast around chorangioma is a common phenomenon. We present a case of a unique vascular lesion in a term placenta with a malignant trophoblastic component. Microscopic examination of a well-demarcated placental mass revealed a chorangioma with multiple nodules composed of pleomorphic cells displaying focal multinucleation, large areas of necrosis, and high mitotic activity. Immunohistochemical stains of these cells were strongly positive for pancytokeratin and the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin and focally positive for HSD3B1. There was no invasion of the basement membrane, and no free-floating tumor cells in the intervillous space. No evidence of metastasis was found on follow-up of the mother and newborn. It is concluded that the tumor presented herein, displaying a histologically unequivocal malignant trophoblastic component in a benign chorangioma, is a true chorangiocarcinoma, and should be included within the category of gestational neoplasia as a tumor closely related to choriocarcinoma.
In-vitro antimycobacterial activities of endophytic bacteria associated with medicinal plant of manipur

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com year [1]. TB is responsible for more years of healthy life lost than any other infectious disease, bar AIDS and malaria [2]. The major problem with treatment of TB however lies in lack of effective treatment methods. With the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains of M. tuberculosis the disease has become a serious concern [3,4]. The alarming increase of MDR-TB cases, therefore, requires a urgent development ofnew, more effective and less toxic side effects with extensive, and potent activity against resistance strains and drugs that will be able to reduce the total duration of treatment [5,6].
Proposing a model to predict students’ perception towards adopting an e-assessment system

Information communication technology (ICT) is the buzzword of the 21st century. The letter ‘E’ appear s in the words e-commerce, e-learning, e-banking and etc. In essence, the said letter reflects the ICT component that is utilized in providing more ‘reach ’ in addition to making more effective and efficient commercial transactions, information and knowledge transactions and financial transactions to name a few. An e-based system will be utilized when there are supportive factors that collectively encourage its use. The perspective of the user is an undeniably import ant component. E-based systems may exist in an educational environment for varied purposes. Assessments inevitably play a role in such an educational environment as one of the many ways available to measure students learning outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted to explore students’ perspective on engaging in an e-assessment experience. In that sen se, the first and foremost step forward would be to recognize and identify real world problems and issued students are facing in their practice. So as to reach this goal, the study moved forward with the phase of article selection which is done through well-known academic databases. In continue, selected articles went through filtering phase so the most relevant studies disclosed. Secondly, to map those identified issues with corresponding behavioral factors of adoption. As a result, this could set the stage right for future s tudies on resolving issues and enhancing the e-assessment practice. This study reveals that UTAUT is the most suited underlying theory, and two constructs, namely Computer Anxiety and Habit are incorporated into the model to tailor the UTAUT so it could fit the case of e-assessment adoption.
Development of a Gene Knockout System Using Mobile Group II Introns (Targetron) and Genetic Disruption of Acid Production Pathways in Clostridium beijerinckii

ABSTRACT Clostridium beijerinckii is a well-known solvent-producing microorganism with great potential for biofuel and biochemical production. To better understand and improve the biochemical pathway to solvents, the development of genetic tools for engineering C. beijerinckii is highly desired. Based on mobile group II intron technology, a targetron gene knockout system was developed for C. beijerinckii in this study. This system was successfully employed to disrupt acid production pathways in C. beijerinckii, leading to pta (encoding phosphotransacetylase)- and buk (encoding butyrate kinase)-negative mutants. In addition to experimental characterization, the mutant phenotypes were analyzed in the context of our C. beijerinckii genome-scale model. Compared to those of the parental strain (C. beijerinckii 8052), acetate production in the pta mutant was substantially reduced and butyrate production was remarkably increased, while solvent production was dependent on the growth medium. The pta mutant also produced much higher levels of lactate, suggesting that disrupting pta influenced the energy generation and electron flow pathways. In contrast, acetate and butyrate production in the buk mutant was generally similar to that of the wild type, but solvent production was consistently 20 to 30% higher and glucose consumption was more rapid and complete. Our results suggest that the acid and solvent production of C. beijerinckii can be effectively altered by disrupting the acid production pathways. As the gene disruption method developed in this study does not leave any antibiotic marker in a disrupted allele, multiple and high-throughput gene disruption is feasible for elucidating genotype and phenotype relationships in C. beijerinckii.