Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis and overflowed traffic characterization in multiservice hierarchical wireless networks

A cellular hierarchical network with heterogeneous traffic is considered, where calls with shorter (longer) average call-holding time are assigned to the associated lower (upper) layer. The main contribution of this paper is that an efficient and reasonably accurate analytical method is proposed to calculate performance measures of interest, i.e., new call-blocking probability and forced termination probability for conversational services, new call-blocking probability, forced termination probability, and the average number of assigned time slots for streaming services. In particular, a simple two-state MMPP/sup (1,2,.,K)/, that takes into account not only the dependence among overflowed calls of the same class but also the correlation among overflowed calls of different classes, is used to approximate overflowed traffic to reduce computational complexity and improve accuracy. The methods with the multiclass overflowed traffic being approximated as independent Poisson processes and interrupted Poisson processes are also conducted for comparison. Importantly, it is shown via simulation results that the proposed model generates more accurate results than those obtained with the other two approximation methods. Last but not least, the effect of nonuniform traffic density on performance measures is studied via simulation. It is shown that the nonuniform traffic density may have a significant impact on the performance.
Amplification of primordial magnetic fields by anisotropic gravitational collapse

If a magnetic field is frozen into a plasma that undergoes spherical compression, then the magnetic field B varies with the plasma density ρ according to B∝ρ2/3. In the gravitational collapse of cosmological density perturbations, however, quasi-spherical evolution is very unlikely. In anisotropic collapses the magnetic field can be a much steeper function of gas density than in the isotropic case. We investigate the distribution of amplifications in realistic gravitational collapses from Gaussian initial fluctuations using the Zel'dovich approximation. Representing our results using a relation of the form B∝ρα, we show that the median value of α can be much larger than the value α= 2/3 resulting from spherical collapse, even if there is no initial correlation between magnetic field and principal collapse directions. These analytic arguments go some way towards understanding the results of numerical simulations.
An immunohistochemical analysis of a newly developed, mouse monoclonal p40 (BC28) antibody in lung, bladder, skin, breast, prostate, and head and neck cancers.

CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry is important to the pathologist for accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. In recent studies, a rabbit polyclonal p40 (RPp40) antibody demonstrated equivalent staining versus anti-p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, and superior specificity because it stains a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma. OBJECTIVES To develop an anti-p40 mouse monoclonal antibody (MMp40) for immunohistochemistry, and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity in normal and neoplastic tissues, with emphasis on lung cancer. DESIGN The MMp40 (BC28) antibody was developed and tested for specificity and sensitivity on normal (n = 34) and neoplastic tissues (n = 493). Staining of MMp40, p63, and RPp40 were directly compared in lung cancers, and MMp40 was evaluated in breast, bladder, skin, prostate, and head and neck cancers. Benign prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were also tested in a direct comparison of MMp40 versus p63. RESULTS The MMp40 provided equivalent staining versus RPp40 and p63 in lung squamous cell carcinoma, but stained a lesser percentage of lung adenocarcinoma than p63 did. The MMp40 staining was observed in a greater percentage of urothelial carcinomas, squamous and basal cell skin cancers, and head and neck cancers of squamous cell origin. No breast-infiltrating ductal carcinomas or prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained. The MMp40 expression in basal cells of prostate glands and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were almost identical to those of p63. CONCLUSION The MMp40 (BC28) monoclonal antibody is a high-quality screening antibody for determining squamous cell carcinoma in lung cancers, skin cancers of squamous or basal cell origin, squamous cell head and neck cancers, and urothelial carcinomas.
Anti-Invasion and Antimetastatic Effects of Porcine Recombinant NK-lysin on SMMC-7721 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

The high invasion and metastasizing abilities of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the primary reasons for the high mortality rate of patients. Therefore, identification of agents to inhibit invasion and metastasis is very important for treatment of HCC. We analyzed the anti-invasion and antimetastatic effects of porcine recombinant NK-lysin, which was designed and expressed in vitro by our research group, on SMMC-7721 hepatocellular carcinoma cells via wound-healing assays, adhesion assays, invasion assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot analysis. MTT assay results indicated that NK-lysin inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. NK-lysin reduced the ability of cell migration, adhesion, and invasion. Based on gene and protein expression analysis, NK-lysin decreased β-catenin and MMP-2 expression. These results suggested that NK-lysin has anti-invasion and antimetastatic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by reducing the level of the β-catenin and MMP-2.
Quantitative analysis of pyroglutamic acid in peptides

A simplified and rapid procedure for the determination of pyroglutamic acid in peptides was developed. The method involves the enzymatic cleavage of an N-terminal pyroglutamate residue using a thermostable pyroglutamate aminopeptidase and isocratic HPLC separation of the resulting enzymatic hydrolysate using a column switching technique. Pyroglutamate aminopeptidase from a thermophilic archaebacteria, Pyrococcus furiosus, cleaves N-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue independent of the molecular weight of the substrate. It cleaves more than 85% of pyroglutamate from peptides whose molecular weight ranges from 362.4 to 4599.4 Da. Thus, a new method is presented that quantitatively estimates N-terminal pyroglutamic acid residue in peptides. Keywords: Pyroglutamic acid; peptide; pyroglutamate aminopeptidase; 5-oxoprolyl peptidase
Modeling of impervious surface in Germany using Landsat images and topographic vector data

The constant expansion of urban agglomerations in most countries is closely associated with a significant increase of impervious surface (IS). In Europe, robust and cost-effective methods for detection and quantification of IS on a continental or national scale are still rare. Thus, our study focuses on determining the percentage of impervious surface (PIS) for whole Germany based on a combined analysis of Landsat images and vector data on roads and railway networks, using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and GIS functionalities. We developed a procedure which provides functionalities for 1) the modeling of IS for built-up areas (PISB) based on optical earth observation data, 2) the combination of PISB with vector data providing additional information on small-scale infrastructure (PIST) and 3) the spatial aggregation of the combined product (PISBT) to the administrative units of municipalities. Compared to reference data sets of four cities, the results showed a mean absolute error of 19.4 % and a mean standard deviation of 17.3 %. The mean PIS of the total of residential, industrial and transportation-related areas in Germany comes up to 43.0 %, with a minimum in the federal state of Brandenburg (39.3 %) and a maximum in Hessen (46.1 %).
Yeast GSK-3 kinase regulates astral microtubule function through phosphorylation of the microtubule-stabilizing kinesin Kip2

ABSTRACT The S. cerevisiae kinesin Kip2 stabilises astral microtubules (MTs) and facilitates spindle positioning through transport of MT-associated proteins, such as the yeast CLIP-170 homologue Bik1, dynein and the adenomatous-polyposis-coli-related protein Kar9 to the plus ends of astral MTs. Here, we show that Kip2 associates with its processivity factor Bim1, the yeast homologue of the plus-end-tracking protein EB1. This interaction requires an EB1-binding motif in the N-terminal extension of Kip2 and is negatively regulated by phosphorylation through Mck1, the yeast glycogen synthase kinase 3. In addition, Mck1-dependent phosphorylation decreases the intrinsic MT affinity of Kip2. Reduction in Kip2 phosphorylation leads to stabilisation of astral MTs, and accumulation of Kip2, dynein and Kar9 at MT plus ends, whereas loss of Mck1 function leads to defects in spindle positioning. Furthermore, we provide evidence that a subpopulation of Mck1 at the bud-cortex phosphorylates Kip2. We propose that yeast GSK-3 spatially controls astral MT dynamics and the loading of dynein and Kar9 on astral MT plus ends by regulating Kip2 interactions with Bim1 and MTs. Summary: The yeast GSK-3 kinase controls astral microtubule functions by regulating the interaction of the microtubule-stabilising kinesin Kip2 with microtubules and its processivity factor Bim1/EB1.
Proposed definitions of bipolar I disorder episodes and daily rapid cycling phenomena in preschoolers, school-aged children, adolescents, and adults.

OBJECTIVE Recent data from several large studies of pediatric bipolar I disorder reported baseline (current) episode duration ranging from less than a month to >or=1 year. These data may reflect actual sample differences, but the absence of uniformly applied definitions of episode duration, number of lifetime episodes and daily rapid cycling patterns during episodes may also account for these differences. METHOD Proposals for definitions of episode and cycling phenomena were based upon data from the Washington University in St. Louis Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (WASH-U-KSADS). RESULT Episode would be used for the interval between onset and offset of full DSM-IV criteria for bipolar I disorder. Cycling would be used only to describe daily (ultradian) switching of mood states that occurs during an episode. CONCLUSION Historically, in the adult bipolar literature the words "episode" and "cycle" were used interchangeably. "Rapid cycling," in this earlier literature, actually referred to multiple episodes per year. To avoid confusing episodes with daily cycling, the proposal is to use "episode" for the duration of DSM-IV criteria, to use "cycling" for daily switching phenomena during an episode, and to replace the historical term "rapid cycling" with "multiple episodes per year. " These clarifications will be especially important for phenomenological research on preschool populations.
Secondary structure effects on DNA hybridization kinetics: a solution versus surface comparison

The hybridization kinetics for a series of designed 25mer probe–target pairs having varying degrees of secondary structure have been measured by UV absorbance and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy in solution and on the surface, respectively. Kinetic rate constants derived from the resultant data decrease with increasing probe and target secondary structure similarly in both solution and surface environments. Specifically, addition of three intramolecular base pairs in the probe and target structure slow hybridization by a factor of two. For individual strands containing four or more intramolecular base pairs, hybridization cannot be described by a traditional two-state model in solution-phase nor on the surface. Surface hybridization rates are also 20- to 40-fold slower than solution-phase rates for identical sequences and conditions. These quantitative findings may have implications for the design of better biosensors, particularly those using probes with deliberate secondary structure.
Using Pattern Perspective to Model Key Business Process Performance

Web service composition is a more and more promising solution for building distributed applications on the e-business processes. It has been recognized as a flexible way for resource sharing and application integration. As the number of functional similar Web services increases, after Web services be selected that can best meet the requirements of the consumers, how to construct a kind of key business process performance (KBPP) model has been an ongoing research direction in business process performance management for Web services. In this paper, the key business process performance model is proposed, which describes the key performance of business with specific features (non-functional characteristics or QoS) based on pattern perspective. This new approach helps developers to direct related engineering implementation.
New developments in genetics-knowledge, attitudes and information needs of practice nurses.

BACKGROUND In response to increased referrals to geneticists and the predicted patient demand for genetic counselling, it has been proposed that some genetics services should be provided in primary care. Practice nurses are ideally placed to collect family history information and advise patients accordingly in new patient, family planning, well women/men and chronic disease clinics, but little is known about their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards providing genetic advice. OBJECTIVES The survey aimed to measure the current situation with regard to: the prevalence of family history recording by practice nurses; confidence in collecting and acting upon family history; and practice nurses' knowledge about familial disorders and genetics. It also investigated what practice nurses think their role should be in relation to the delivery of genetic services; their educational needs; and the most appropriate ways of delivering training/support. METHODS A postal questionnaire survey was carried out of all practices nurses (n = 909) in four Health Authorities in England (Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire, Nottingham and North Nottinghamshire) and one Health Board in Scotland (Lothian). Analyses were primarily descriptive. RESULTS A total of 600 nurses (response rate = 66.0%) returned a completed questionnaire. Ninety-six per cent of practice nurses reported that they routinely collect family history information. Over half of the respondents had been consulted in the previous 3 months by patients with a worry about family history of cancer. Approximately 60% of nurses felt confident about collecting the relevant details regarding a family history of breast cancer but felt less confident in collecting the information regarding familial colorectal cancer. Nurses were also unsure how to proceed, with over a third of nurses referring patients to the GP even if they thought the patient was at population risk or, conversely, not referring those that they thought were at considerably higher risk to the GP. There was a reported need for education about familial disease in general and overall agreement that nurses could play a role in genetics in primary care. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence of considerable activity from practice nurses regarding routine collection of family history. There is a need for further education for practice nurses regarding family history information and the new genetics so that this information is managed appropriately.
Jump Minimization in Linear Time

On montre que quoique que le probleme general pour minimiser le nombre de branchements est NP complet, un algorithme efficace est possible pour les programmes «structures» ― ceux ecrits sans instruction GOTO. Presentation d'un algorithme qui produit une relation d'ordre optimal des blocs principaux de chaque programme qui utilise seulement les structures de controle IF-THEN-ELSE, LOOP, et EXIT
Human uterine cervical epithelial cells grown on permeable support--a new model for the study of differentiation.

The purpose of the present study was to establish culture conditions for human uterine cervical epithelial cells on permeable support and to determine how it affects cervical cell differentiation. Human ectocervical epithelial cells (hECE), HPV-16 immortalized hECE cells (ECE16-1) and Caski cells were grown on collagen-coated filters. Culture conditions, density of cells in culture and expression of epithelial and cervical-cell phenotypic markers were determined and compared in cells grown on filter and on solid support. Compared with the latter, cultures on filter had a higher cell density, hECE cells stratified to 5-12 cell layers compared to 1-3 on solid support, and cells of all three types expressed intercellular tight junctions. The cytokeratin profiles revealed differences between the three cell types as well as differences within the same cell species when grown on filter, compared to solid support. Of particular importance was the finding of a higher expression of K-13 in hECE grown on filter compared to solid support; K-13 is a marker of ectocervical cell differentiation. The cytokeratin profiles of the cultured hECE, ECE16-1 and Caski cells resembled those of ectocervical, squamous metaplastic and endocervical epithelia, respectively. hECE and ECE16-1 expressed involucrin protein, the level of which in both was higher in cells grown on filter compared to solid support. Polarization of the cultures was determined by morphology (stratification of hECE cells, expression of pseudomicrovilli in the apical cell membrane), selective apical vs. basolateral secretion of [35S]methionine- and [35S]cysteine-, [3H]fucose- and [14C]glucosamine-labeled molecules, and positive short-circuit current (Isc) under voltage-clamp conditions. Confluency of the cultures was determined by measuring transepithelial unidirectional fluxes of inert molecules with different molecular weights (MWs) through the paracellular pathway, and by measuring transepithelial conductance. The results indicated transepithelial permeability of 7-22.10(-6) cm.sec-1, which was 5-100 fold smaller compared to blank inserts, with a cut-off MW of 40-70 kDa for hECE and Caski cells. Transepithelial conductance ranged 18.5 to 51.5 mS.cm-2, indicating a leaky but confluent epithelia. Collectively the results indicate the epithelial nature of the cells and their improved differentiation when grown on filter support; hECE is a model for ectocervical epithelium while ECE16-1 and Caski express phenotypic characteristics of squamous metaplastic cervical epithelium and endocervical epithelium respectively.
Females increase reproductive investment in response to helper‐mediated improvements in allo‐feeding, nest survival, nestling provisioning and post‐fledging survival in the Karoo scrub‐robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus

In many cooperatively-breeding species, the presence of one or more helpers improves the reproductive performance of the breeding pair receiving help. Helper contributions can take many different forms, including allo-feeding, offspring provisioning, and offspring guarding or defence. Yet, most studies have focussed on single forms of helper contribution, particularly offspring provisioning, and few have evaluated the relative importance of a broader range of helper contributions to group reproductive performance. We examined helper contributions to multiple components of breeding performance in the Karoo scrub-robin Cercotrichas coryphaeus, a facultative cooperative breeder. We also tested a prediction of increased female investment in reproduction when helpers improve conditions for rearing young. Helpers assisted the breeding male in allo-feeding the incubating female, increasing allo-feeding rates. Greater allo-feeding correlated with greater female nest attentiveness during incubation. Nest predation was substantially lower among pairs breeding with a helper, resulting in a 74% increase in the probability of nest survival. Helper contributions to offspring provisioning increased nestling feeding rates, resulting in a reduced incidence of nestling starvation and increased nestling mass. Nestling mass had a strong, positive effect on post-fledging survival. Controlling for female age and habitat effects, annual production of fledged young was 130% greater among pairs breeding with a helper, and was influenced most strongly by helper correlates with nest survival, despite important helper effects on offspring provisioning. Females breeding with a helper increased clutch size, supporting the prediction of increased female investment in reproduction in response to helper benefits.
Extractive Summarization and Dialogue Act Modeling on Email Threads: An Integrated Probabilistic Approach

In this paper, we present a novel supervised approach to the problem of summarizing email conversations and modeling dialogue acts. We assume that there is a relationship between dialogue acts and important sentences. Based on this assumption, we introduce a sequential graphical model approach which simultaneously summarizes email conversation and models dialogue acts. We compare our model with sequential and non-sequential models, which independently conduct the tasks of extractive summarization and dialogue act modeling. An empirical evaluation shows that our approach significantly outperforms all baselines in classifying correct summary sentences without losing performance on dialogue act modeling task.
Retrofitting houses with insulation: a cost–benefit analysis of a randomised community trial

Background: Housing is an important environmental influence on population health, and there is growing evidence of health effects from indoor environment characteristics such as low indoor temperatures. However, there is relatively little research, and thus little firm guidance, on the cost-effectiveness of public policies to retrospectively improve the standards of houses. The purpose of this study was to value the health, energy and environmental benefits of retrofitting insulation, through assessing a number of forms of possible benefit: a reduced number of visits to GPs, hospitalisations, days off school, days off work, energy savings and CO2 savings. Methods: All these metrics are used in a cluster randomised trial—the “Housing, Insulation and Health Study”—of retrofitting insulation in 1350 houses, in which at least one person had symptoms of respiratory disease, in predominantly low-income communities in New Zealand. Results: Valuing the health gains, and energy and CO2 emissions savings, suggests that total benefits in “present value” (discounted) terms are one and a half to two times the magnitude of the cost of retrofitting insulation. Conclusion: This study points to the need to consider as wide a range of benefits as possible, including health and environmental benefits, when assessing the value for money of an intervention to improve housing quality. From an environmental, energy and health perspective, the value for money of improving housing quality by retrofitting insulation is compelling.
A low mass cluster of extremely red galaxies at z= 1.10 in the GOODS Southern Field

We have studied the spatial clustering of high redshift (z> 1) extremely red objects (EROs) as a function of photometric redshift in the GOODS Southern Field using public data. A remarkable overdensity of extremely red galaxies (I-K s > 4) is found at an average photometric redshift zphot = 1.10. Nine objects (six are EROs) within 50 arcsec of the brightest infrared galaxy in this overdensity present spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.094 1 shows the potential of EROs to trace clusters of galaxies at high redshift.