Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin ’ s disease : a population-adjusted clinical epidemiology study ( PACE ) of management at presentation

Between January 1991 and December 1993, all by the introduction and implementation of improved guidelines. Of younger patients (15–55 years) with newly-diagnosed patients with Hodgkin’s disease in the Northern Health Region (population 3.08 mil‘poor-risk disease’, 75% of the eligible population were entered into the appropriate randomized lion) were entered into a prospective populationbased (PACE) study to assess the accuracy of staging controlled trial. This intensive treatment has led to improved survival in this group over that which at diagnosis, and to evaluate treatment and outcome. On histological review, 202 patients were might be expected on four-drug therapy. The results of the randomized trial are not discussed as it is confirmed to have Hodgkin’s disease, an incidence of 2.2 per 100 000 per annum. Radiological review currently ongoing. This combined research/audit programme has resulted in greater standardization revealed that only 12% of patients were staged to recognized guidelines. In early-stage disease, treatof care across a whole region, and confirms that the PACE (population-adjusted clinical epidemiment outcome was comparable to published results in Stage IA disease, but disappointing for Stage IIA. ology) approach facilitates the flow of information from research into practice and vice versa. This was partly due to inadequate or inaccurate staging. In-built audit in the process was followed
BICM-ID with Signal Space Diversity for Keyhole Nakagami-m Fading Channels

This paper generalizes the application of bit interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) using signal space diversity (SSD) over keyhole Nakagami-m fading channels. The tight union bound on the asymptotic error performance is first analytically derived. The optimal rotation matrix with respect to both the asymptotic performance and the convergence behavior is then determined. In particular, it is demonstrated that the most suitable rotation matrix is the one that has i) all entries equal in magnitude, ii) high diversity order, and iii) large minimum product of the ratios between squared distances and log-squared-distances of the rotated constellation scaled by factors of SNR and the parameter m. Various analytical and simulation results show that by employing SSD with a sufficiently large dimension, the error performance can closely approach that over an AWGN channel, even in the worst case of keyhole fading.
ZPK/DLK, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase, Is a Critical Mediator of Programmed Cell Death of Motoneurons

Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways is critically involved in naturally occurring programmed cell death of motoneurons during development, but the upstream mediators remain undetermined. We found that mice deficient in ZPK, also called DLK (ZPK/DLK), an upstream kinase in these pathways, have twice as many spinal motoneurons as do their wild-type littermates. Nuclear HB9/MNX1-positive motoneuron pools were generated similarly in the spinal cord of both ZPK/DLK-deficient and wild-type embryos. Thereafter, however, significantly less apoptotic motoneurons were found in ZPK/DLK-deficient embryos compared with wild-type embryos, resulting in retention of excess numbers of motoneurons after birth. Notably, these excess motoneurons remained viable without atrophic changes in the ZPK/DLK-deficient mice surviving into adulthood. Analysis of the diaphragm and the phrenic nerve revealed that clustering and innervation of neuromuscular junctions were indistinguishable between ZPK/DLK-deficient and wild-type mice, whereas the proximal portion of the phrenic nerve of ZPK/DLK-deficient mice contained significantly more axons than the distal portion. This result supports the hypothesis that some excess ZPK/DLK-deficient motoneurons survived without atrophy despite failure to establish axonal contact with their targets. This study provides compelling evidence for a critical role for ZPK/DLK in naturally occurring programmed cell death of motoneurons and suggests that ZPK/DLK could become a strategic therapeutic target in motor neuron diseases in which aberrant activation of the apoptogenic cascade is involved.
A Machine Learning Approach to Developing Rigid-body Dynamics Simulators for Quadruped Trot Gaits

 I present a machine learning based rigid-body dynamics simulator for trot gaits of the quadruped LittleDog1. My contribution can be divided into two parts: the rst part for the reduction of one-time-step prediction error, and the second part for a more accurate prediction over longer time scales. First, in order to reduce the one-step prediction error, I compared three regression methods: 1st order linear regression (LR), linear weight projection regression (LWPR) [1] and Gaussian process regression (GPR) [2]. Although GPR shows the highest accuracy, its cost for computation and storage  O(n) and O(n), respectively  is too high to handle a large amount of training data which are required in my problem. Therefore, I developed a sparse GPR, called local GPR (LGPR). In LGPR, training data are divided into k clusters by k-means, and a locally full GPR model is constructed for each cluster. The prediction is done with the local model closest to a test data point, in terms of the normalized Euclidean distance. The cost for computation is tractable, approximately O(m) where m=n/k, making it possible to use a large amount of training data. I showed that LGPR signi cantly reduces the one-step prediction error. Second, to reduce the accumulation of prediction error, I proposed a projection method, called αPROJ . I found that using LGPR as it is accumulates the prediction error too much over longer time scales. One of the main sources of such error turned out to be in some predicted states that are not within the dynamically feasible region. αPROJ projects a predicted state to such region. I de ned the region without using any speci c information of LittleDog (e.g. max/min joint angles). It is only de ned by the training data. Thus, this projection method can be applied to other robot systems without modi cation. α-PROJ highly improved the prediction over longer time scales. The empirical results show that these key ideas led to the signi cant reduction of prediction error and better performance than the ODE2 simulator.
Environmental Policy Design and the Fragmentation of International Markets for Innovation

It has long been argued that the implementation of market-based environmental policy instruments such as environmentally-related taxes and tradable permits is likely to lead to greater technological innovation than more direct forms of regulation such as technology-based standards. One of the principle reasons for such an assertion is that they give firms greater „flexibility‟ to identify the optimal means of innovating to meet the given environmental objective. Thus, it can be argued that the benefits of (some) market-based instruments can also be true of well-designed performance standards. While the theoretical case for the use of flexible policy instruments is well-developed, empirical evidence remains limited. Drawing upon a database of patent applications from a cross-section of countries evidence is provided for the positive effect of „flexibility‟ of the domestic environmental policy regime on the propensity for the inventions induced to be diffused widely in the world economy. For a given level of policy stringency, countries with more flexible environmental policies are more likely to generate innovations which are diffused widely and are more likely to benefit from innovations generated elsewhere. And while the focus of this paper is on the specific case of environmental policy, the discussion is equally applicable to aspects of product and labour market regulation which have implications for technological innovation, such as product and workplace safety.
Internal high linear energy transfer (LET) targeted radiotherapy for cancer

High linear energy transfer (LET) radiation for internal targeted therapy has been a long time coming on to the medical therapy scene. While fundamental principles were established many decades ago, the clinical implementation has been slow. Localized neutron capture therapy, and more recently systemic targeted alpha therapy, are at the clinical trial stage. What are the attributes of these therapies that have led a band of scientists and clinicians to dedicate so much of their careers? High LET means high energy density, causing double strand breaks in DNA, and short-range radiation, sparing adjacent normal tissues. This targeted approach complements conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Such therapies fail on several fronts. Foremost is the complete lack of progress for the control of primary GBM, the holy grail for cancer therapies. Next is the inability to regress metastatic cancer on a systemic basis. This has been the task of chemotherapy, but palliation is the major application. Finally, there is the inability to inhibit the development of lethal metastatic cancer after successful treatment of the primary cancer. This review charts, from an Australian perspective, the developing role of local and systemic high LET, internal radiation therapy.
Using TCAD, Response Surface Model and Monte Carlo Methods to Model Processes and Reduce Device Variation

Reduction of electrical parameter variation is essential to achieve high yield and reliability in semiconductor devices. However, variation depends on a large number of process factors, which are often interdependent. In this work, well-calibrated Technology Computer-Aided-Design process and device simulations were performed in a designed experiment to develop an efficient, surrogate response surface model (RSM) of the device parameters as a function of key process factors. Monte Carlo simulations were performed with the RSM to estimate variation and design systems to reduce variation. The approach, illustrated here specifically for peripheral n-type field-effect transistors in a dynamic random-access-memory process flow, is general, easy-to-implement, and a cost-effective way to systematically identify, model, and analyze process variation.
Understanding trust management systems

We present a mathematical framework for expressing trust management systems. The framework makes it easier to understand existing systems and to compare them to one another as well as to design new systems. The framework defines the semantics of a trust management engine via a least fixpoint in a lattice, which, in some situations, leads to an efficient implementation. To demonstrate its flexibility, we present KeyNote and SPKI as instantiations by the framework.
Grounding the Foundations of Ontology Mapping on the Neglected Interoperability Ambition

The problem of ontology mapping has attracted considerable attention over the last few years, as the usage of ontologies is increasing. In this paper, we revisit the fundamental assumptions that drive the mapping process. Based on real-world use cases, we identify two distinct goals for mapping, which are: (i) ontology development and (ii) facilitating interoperability. Most of current research on ontology mapping has been focused on ontology development and is rooted in the seminal work of McGuinness and Noy in 2000. For example, the well studied problem of ontology merging is an ontology development task. Note that with the increase in the number of information systems that utilize ontologies, facilitating interoperability between these systems is becoming more critical. We compare interoperability to the information integration problem in databases. As a result of this comparison, class matching is emphasized, as opposed to the matching of other entities in an ontology. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that distinguishes facilitating interoperability, from ontology development and merging.
Magnetic imaging in the presence of an external field: erasure process of thin film recording medium

The evolution of microscopic magnetic structures on a thin film recording medium has been imaged by applying a progressively increasing external magnetic field. Images from magnetic force microscopy with an in situ magnetic field revealed features attributable to probe-induced and sample-induced effects. The probe effects result in the preferential sensitivity of the MFM imaging to the component of the local sample field in the direction of the probe's magnetization. The reorientation of the probe's magnetization with respect to the sample plane direction causes the change in instrument response from detecting surface magnetic charges (magnetization divergence sensing) to detecting the surface magnetization distribution. Sample effects are more prominent at higher fields and the micromagnetic features of the recorded patterns follow characteristic sequence as the unfavorably magnetized features of the recorded patterns follow a characteristic sequence as the unfavorably magnetized areas switch in the direction of the external field.
Correlations Between Clinical Findings and Magnetization Transfer Imaging Metrics of Tissue Damage in Individuals With Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

Background and Purpose— We obtained magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) scans from individuals with cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) (1) to investigate the presence, extent, and nature of pathology in white and gray matter outside proton density (PD)-visible lesions; (2) to quantify the degree of tissue damage occurring in lesions seen on PD-weighted scans; and (3) to correlate MTI-derived measures of disease burden with age, physical disability, and cognitive performance. Methods— Dual-echo, T1-weighted, and MTI scans of the brain were obtained from 33 individuals with CADASIL and 12 control subjects. Magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) values from PD-visible lesions, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM) were measured. Histograms of MTR from the whole brain and normal-appearing brain tissue were also produced. Results— All MTR values from NAWM and NAGM regions studied were significantly lower for individuals with CADASIL than for control subjects, with the exception of those obtained from the NAWM of the infratentorial structures and the NAGM of the occipital cortex. The average MTR from PD lesions in individuals with CADASIL was significantly lower than that from all the NAWM regions. Average MTR and peak location from whole-brain and normal-appearing brain tissue histograms were significantly lower for individuals with CADASIL than for control subjects. MTR values from NAWM were strongly correlated with the extent of macroscopic lesions and their average MTR. Apart from NAGM, average MTR from all other tissues studied significantly decreased with increasing age, physical disability, and cognitive impairment. Conclusions— PD lesions of individuals with CADASIL have variable degrees of tissue damage. Brain tissue outside PD abnormalities is also damaged. This study suggests that the extent and the severity of the brain tissue damage are critical factors in determining clinical status in CADASIL.
A High-Performance Memory-Efficient Parallel Hardware for Matrix Computation in Signal Processing Applications

This paper introduces a new versatile and high-performance parallel hardware engine for matrix computations. The proposed architecture reduces memory bandwidth by taking advantage of data redundancies and employing distributed memory structures. It is designed to better utilize the on chip area for computing different types of matrix computations such as matrix power, multiplication, and inversion. The matrix power presented in this paper is proven to be two times faster than normal computations. As well, the architecture is optimized to suitably perform least square computations in signal processing applications. The synthesis results on FPGA platforms indicate that the proposed architecture can operate in 75 MHz for 16 bit word length and the peak attained performance is about 2400 MMAC operations with 32 concurrent MAC modules
Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation Application by Using Neutralizing Line

In this letter, a dual-band Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with high isolation is presented. This design consists of two dual-band monopole antennas and neutralizing transmission line. For each antenna element, the operating frequency band covers from 2.4 GHz to 2.6 GHz and 5.2 GHz to 6 GHz. To improve the isolation between these two antenna elements spacing only 0. 1225λ0 at 2.45 GHz, a neutralization decoupling transmission line is introduced. The measured return loss results of these two antennas are better than 10-dB in operating frequency band. The measured isolation between the two antennas is better than 15 dB. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is smaller than 0.01 of whole operating frequency band. The peak gain of this design is better than 2 dBi in operating bands. This configuration can be applied for Wireless local area network (WLAN), WiMAX and Bluetooth communication system.
Recursive quantum repeater networks

Internet-scale quantum repeater networks will be heterogeneous in physical technology, repeater functionality, and management. The classical control necessary to use the network will therefore face similar issues as Internet data transmission. Many scalability and management problems that arose during the development of the Internet might have been solved in a more uniform fashion, improving flexibility and reducing redundant engineering effort. Quantum repeater network development is currently at the stage where we risk similar duplication when separate systems are combined. We propose a unifying framework that can be used with all existing repeater designs. We introduce the notion of a Quantum Recursive Network Architecture, developed from the emerging classical concept of 'recursive networks', extending recursive mechanisms from a focus on data forwarding to a more general distributed computing request framework. Recursion abstracts independent transit networks as single relay nodes, unifies software layering, and virtualizes the addresses of resources to improve information hiding and resource management. Our architecture is useful for building arbitrary distributed states, including fundamental distributed states such as Bell pairs and GHZ, W, and cluster states.
On systematic variable length unordered codes

In an unordered code no codeword is contained in any other codeword. Unordered codes are All Unidirectional Error Detecting (AUED) codes. In the binary case, it is well known that among all systematic codes with k information bits, Berger codes are optimal unordered codes with r = ⌈log2(k+1)⌉ check bits. This paper gives some new theory on variable length unordered codes and introduces a new class of systematic unordered codes with variable length check symbols. The average redundancy of these new codes is r ≈ (1/2) log2(πek/2) = (1/2) log2 k + 1.047, where k∈IN is the number of information bits. It is also shown that such codes are optimal in the class of systematic unordered codes with fixed length information symbols and variable length check symbols. The generalization to the non-binary case is also given.
High-Coverage ITS Primers for the DNA-Based Identification of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes in Environmental Samples

The kingdom Fungi is estimated to include 1.5 million or more species, playing key roles as decomposers, mutualists, and parasites in every biome on the earth. To comprehensively understand the diversity and ecology of this huge kingdom, DNA barcoding targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat has been regarded as a prerequisite procedure. By extensively surveying ITS sequences in public databases, we designed new ITS primers with improved coverage across diverse taxonomic groups of fungi compared to existing primers. An in silico analysis based on public sequence databases indicated that the newly designed primers matched 99% of ascomycete and basidiomycete ITS taxa (species, subspecies or varieties), causing little taxonomic bias toward either fungal group. Two of the newly designed primers could inhibit the amplification of plant sequences and would enable the selective investigation of fungal communities in mycorrhizal associations, soil, and other types of environmental samples. Optimal PCR conditions for the primers were explored in an in vitro investigation. The new primers developed in this study will provide a basis for ecological studies on the diversity and community structures of fungi in the era of massive DNA sequencing.
Mapping Late Blight Resistance in Solanum microdontum Bitter

A diploid Solanum population was developed with the objective of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal organism of late blight. The mapping population was a cross between a late blight resistant selection of Solanum microdontum Bitter and a susceptible diploid breeding clone. The progeny of 109 clones and the parents were field tested for foliar late blight reaction in 1999 and 2000 and for vine maturity in 2000 and 2001. Parents and progeny were genotyped with isozymes and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. A total of 161 pairs of SSR primers were screened, from which 74 amplified polymorphic bands in Metaphor agarose or polyacrylamide gels yielding a total of 109 SSR loci. The isozyme and SSR combined analyses resulted in a total of 118 marker loci in the population, of which 54 were heterozygous (band present) in S. microdontum and 64 in MSA133-57. High phenotypic correlation (r = 0.89, P < 0.0001) was found for late blight reaction between years and no correlation was found between late blight and vine maturity. Solanum microdontum transmitted high levels of resistance to more than 50% of the offspring. There was a major QTL linked with the SSR marker STM0020b associated with foliar late blight resistance located at the same position in both years of field testing explaining over 60% of the phenotypic variance. This major QTL is suitable for marker-assisted selection to introgress a new source of resistance to P. infestans to the cultivated tetraploid germplasm of potato.
Variational level set methods: from continuous to discrete setting, applications in video segmentation and tracking

In this paper, we investigate some recent active contour models used in image and video segmentation and we transpose them into a discrete form to apply the iterated conditional modes (ICM) algorithm. This work can be seen as an extension of the recent work of T. Chan and B. Song for other functional than the Mumford-Shah/Chan-Vese one. We investigate it for video segmentation and tracking applications.
Smartphone-based Vehicle Telematics - A Ten-Year Anniversary

Just like it has irrevocably reshaped social life, the fast growth of smartphone ownership is now beginning to revolutionize the driving experience and change how we think about automotive insurance, vehicle safety systems, and traffic research. This paper summarizes the first ten years of research in smartphone-based vehicle telematics, with a focus on user-friendly implementations and the challenges that arise due to the mobility of the smartphone. Notable academic and industrial projects are reviewed, and system aspects related to sensors, energy consumption, cloud computing, vehicular ad hoc networks, and human-machine interfaces are examined. Moreover, we highlight the differences between traditional and smartphonebased automotive navigation, and survey the state-of-the-art in smartphone-based transportation mode classification, driver classification, and road condition monitoring. Future advances are expected to be driven by improvements in sensor technology, evidence of the societal benefits of current implementations, and the establishment of industry standards for sensor fusion and driver assessment