Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enriching Answers in Question Answering Systems using Linked Data

Linked Data has emerged as the most widely used and the most powerful knowledge source for Question Answering (QA). Although Question Answering using Linked Data (QALD) fills in many gaps in the traditional QA models, the answers are still presented as factoids. This research introduces an answer presentation model for QALD by employing Natural Language Generation (NLG) to generate natural language descriptions to present an informative answer. The proposed approach employs lexicalization, aggregation, and referring expression generation to build a human-like enriched answer utilizing the triples extracted from the entities mentioned in the question as well as the entities contained in the answer.
Semantic categorisation of novel objects in frontotemporal dementia

Impaired semantic memory is ubiquitous in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), including patients with semantic dementia (SD), progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) and nonaphasic FTD patients with a deficit in executive and social functioning (EXEC/SOC). One hypothesis attributes this to the degradation of specific categories of knowledge in semantic memory. This study explores the alternate hypothesis that impaired semantic memory in FTD can also reflect limitations in the categorisation processes that determine object meaning. Patients were taught a novel semantic category under two conditions: rule-based categorisation, where executive resources support the evaluation of specific features to determine category membership; and similarity-based categorisation, where category membership is determined by the overall resemblance of an item to a prototype or recalled exemplars. In the first experiment, patients learned a novel category composed of highly salient features. For SD patients, we found category membership judgment profiles following rule-based and similarity-based training that resembled the performance of control subjects. Categorisation was impaired following rule-based training in PNFA and EXEC/SOC patients. In the second experiment, we modified the category so that membership was determined by less salient features, thus increasing the burden on executive resources. Under these circumstances, SD patients' categorisation profiles continued to resemble those of control subjects, PNFA patients' category judgments were governed by feature salience, and EXEC/SOC patients' judgments were limited by impaired executive resources. These observations suggest that the semantic memory deficit in SD largely reflects degraded feature knowledge for familiar objects, while impaired semantic memory in PNFA and in EXEC/SOC patients largely reflects a deficit in the processes associated with semantic categorisation. Portions of this work were presented at the Fourth International Meeting of Frontotemporal Dementia in Lund, Sweden, April 2003.
Learning of efficient behaviour in spatial exploration through observation of behaviour of conspecific in laboratory rats

Recent studies have suggested that rodent behaviour is influenced by the behaviour of surrounding conspecifics (e.g. emotional contagion and prosocial behaviour). However, little is known about deferred imitation and complex observational learning in rats. The purpose of this study was to reveal whether rats can learn from another rat's experiences. In a maze, observer rats watched the foraging behaviour of other rats (demonstrators) and then foraged in turn. The results showed that demonstrators explored inefficiently, but observers explored more efficiently after observing inefficient exploration by the demonstrators. This observational learning probably involved the acquisition of an efficient strategy through spatial exploration.
A Tool for Visualizing and Analyzing Users on Discussion Boards

Summary form only given. Analyzing discussion boards is becoming an important task for intelligence analysts all over the world. One important aspect when analyzing discussion boards is to identify users that make use of multiple aliases. We have implementation a prototype that can be used to check different equality measures among users on a discussion boards. To test the prototype we use the ICWSM data set boards.ie.
Entrepreneurs as Innovators: A Multi-Country Study on Entrepreneurs' Innovative Behaviour

Since Schumpeter, entrepreneurs and innovative activities belong together. Innovativeness as a personality trait is also found to be related to entrepreneurial status and business success. However, not much is known about the specific facets of the entrepreneur's innovative behaviour. This study aims first at better understanding how entrepreneurs differ from managers in the various areas of their innovative behaviour at work. Second, how this behaviour differs for entrepreneurs who have and do not have employees. Representative samples of the working population from Germany, the Czech Republic, Italy and Switzerland (N=3508) were interviewed with the use of the Innovative Behaviour Inventory. Individuals involved in independent entrepreneurial activities create new ideas and attempt to overcome obstacles during implementation more than employed individuals. People who manage other people communicate new ideas and seek to engage other individuals in the implementation of new ideas more than those without subordinates. Finally, what differentiates entrepreneurs from all other groups is their higher involvement in preparatory activities that start the implementation of new ideas. Overall, these differences led to the foremost position of entrepreneurs in achieving the innovation outputs.
Effect of Expertise on Boundary Extension in Approach Sequences

In a constantly changing environment, one of the conditions for adaptation is based on the visual system’s ability to realize predictions. In this context, a question that arises is the evolution of the processes allowing anticipation with regard to the acquisition of knowledge relative to specific situations. We sought to study this question by focusing on boundary extension, the tendency to overestimate the scope of a previously perceived scene. We presented to novice, beginner, and expert car drivers road scenes in the form of approach sequences constituting very briefly displayed photographs (i.e., 250 milliseconds each), in order to determine the effect of expertise at an early stage of scene perception. After three presentations, participants had to judge whether a fourth photograph was the same, closer up, or further away than the third one. When experts and beginners showed a classical boundary extension effect, novices presented no directional memory distortion. Different hypotheses are discussed.
Regional Changes in the Sequence of Cotton Leaf Curl Multan Betasatellite

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) in Pakistan and northwestern India is caused by monopartite begomoviruses in association with an essential, disease-specific satellite, Cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMB). Following a recent upsurge in CLCuD problems in Sindh province (southern Pakistan), sequences of clones of CLCuMB were obtained from Sindh and Punjab province (central Pakistan), where CLCuD has been a problem since the mid-1980s. The sequences were compared to all sequences of CLCuMB available in the databases. Analysis of the sequences shows extensive sequence variation in CLCuMB, most likely resulting from recombination. The range of sequence variants differ between Sindh, the Punjab and northwestern India. The possible significance of the findings with respect to movement of the CLCuD between the three regions is discussed. Additionally, the lack of sequence variation within the only coding sequence of CLCuMB suggests that the betasatellite is not involved in resistance breaking which became a problem after 2001 in the Punjab and subsequently also in northwestern India.
Effects of silymarin on the resolution of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

Summary. Silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum), has a long tradition as a herbal remedy, and was introduced as a hepatoprotective agent a few years ago. However, the therapeutic effects of silymarin remain undefined. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a xenobiotic used extensively to induce oxidative stress and is one of the most widely used hepatic toxins for experimental induction of liver fibrosis in the laboratory. In this study, we investigated the restoration of the CCl4‐induced hepatic fibrosis by high dose of silymarin in rats. After treatment with oil (as normal group; n = 6) or CCl4 [as model (n = 7) and therapeutic (n = 7) groups] by intragastric delivery for 8 weeks for the induction of liver fibrosis, the rats in the normal and model group were administered orally normal saline four times a week for 3 weeks whilst the therapeutic group received silymarin (200 mg/kg). The histopathological changes were observed with Masson staining. The results showed that the restoration of the CCl4‐induced damage of liver fibrosis in the therapeutic group was significantly increased as compared to that in the model group. Moreover, silymarin significantly decreased the elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in serum, and also reversed the altered expressions of α‐smooth muscle actin in liver tissue. Therefore, these findings indicated that silymarin may have the potential to increase the resolution of the CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis in rats.
Estimation of power battery SOC based on improved BP neural network

According to the limitations and shortcomings of BP neural network in estimating the battery state of charge(State of Charge, SOC), such as slow convergence speed and poor generalization, this paper puts forward an improved BP neural network method of battery SOC estimation. Train the improved BP neural network with the experimental data. It compares the trained neural network of SOC with the real values, and uses Matlab to simulate in order to verify the correctness of the algorithm.
Anterograde transport blockade precedes deficits in retrograde transport in the visual projection of the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma

Axonal transport deficits have been reported as an early pathology in several neurodegenerative disorders, including glaucoma. However, the progression and mechanisms of these deficits are poorly understood. Previous work suggests that anterograde transport is affected earlier and to a larger degree than retrograde transport, yet this has never been examined directly in vivo. Using combined anterograde and retrograde tract tracing methods, we examined the time-course of anterograde and retrograde transport deficits in the retinofugal projection in pre-glaucomatous (3 month-old) and glaucomatous (9–13 month old) DBA/2J mice. DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ mice were used as a control strain and were shown to have similar retinal ganglion cell densities as C57BL/6J control mice—a strain commonly investigated in the field of vision research. Using cholera toxin-B injections into the eye and FluoroGold injections into the superior colliculus (SC), we were able to measure anterograde and retrograde transport in the primary visual projection. In DBA/2J, anterograde transport from the retina to SC was decreased by 69% in the 9–10 month-old age group, while retrograde transport was only reduced by 23% from levels seen in pre-glaucomatous mice. Despite this minor reduction, retrograde transport remained largely intact in these glaucomatous age groups until 13-months of age. These findings indicate that axonal transport deficits occur in semi-functional axons that are still connected to their brain targets. Structural persistence as determined by presence of estrogen-related receptor beta label in the superficial SC was maintained beyond time-points where reductions in retrograde transport occurred, also supporting that transport deficits may be due to physiological or functional abnormalities as opposed to overt structural loss.
Integration of Kinase and Calcium Signaling at the Level of Chromatin Underlies Inducible Gene Activation in T Cells

TCR signaling pathways cooperate to activate the inducible transcription factors NF-κB, NFAT, and AP-1. In this study, using the calcium ionophore ionomycin and/or PMA on Jurkat T cells, we show that the gene expression program associated with activation of TCR signaling is closely related to specific chromatin landscapes. We find that calcium and kinase signaling cooperate to induce chromatin remodeling at ∼2100 chromatin regions, which demonstrate enriched binding motifs for inducible factors and correlate with target gene expression. We found that these regions typically function as inducible enhancers. Many of these elements contain composite NFAT/AP-1 sites, which typically support cooperative binding, thus further reinforcing the need for cooperation between calcium and kinase signaling in the activation of genes in T cells. In contrast, treatment with PMA or ionomycin alone induces chromatin remodeling at far fewer regions (∼600 and ∼350, respectively), which mostly represent a subset of those induced by costimulation. This suggests that the integration of TCR signaling largely occurs at the level of chromatin, which we propose plays a crucial role in regulating T cell activation.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT OF SECESSION IN POLITICAL THEORY AND HISTORY

Following the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s, smaller, independent, ethnically-based political entities emerged. In the years since, academics from various disciplines have renewed their interest in the topic of secession. A lively discussion in the academic mainstream on the morality and legality of secession has occurred among predominantly liberal democratic political philosophers, a discussion that was non-existent prior to the fall of the Berlin Wall.
A Model of Online Social Interactions based on Sentiment Analysis and Content Similarity

In this paper we create a model of human behavior in online communities, based on the network topology and on the communication content. The model contains eleven distinct hypotheses, which validate three intuitions. The rst intuition is that the network topology alone fails to clearly distinguish between the users who contribute to the community and the troublemakers. The second intuition is that the content of the messages exchanged in an online community can separate good and insightful contri- butions from the rest. The third intuition is that there is a delay until the network stabilizes and un- til standard measures, such as betweenness central- ity, can be used accurately. Taken together, these three intuitions are a solid case against indiscrimi- nately using network measures. They also underline the importance of the communication content. We show that the sentiment within the messages, espe- cially antagonism, can signicantly alter the commu- nity perception. We create a novel sentiment analysis technique to identify antagonistic behavior. We use real world data, taken from the Slashdot discussion forum to validate our model. All the find- ings are accompanied by extremely signicant t-test p-values.
Radio Propagation into Modern Buildings: Attenuation Measurements in the Range from 800 MHz to 18 GHz

Energy-efficient buildings are gaining momentum in order to comply with the new energy regulations. Especially in northern cold countries, thick reinforced walls and energy-efficient windows composed of several layers of glass plus metal coating are becoming the de facto elements in modern building constructions, and it has been noticed that they can impact heavily on radio signal propagation. This paper presents a measurement-based analysis of the outdoor-to-indoor attenuation experienced in several modern constructions compared to an old building. The measurements are performed for frequencies from 800 MHz to 18 GHz with the aim of identifying the frequency dependence and the impact of the new materials on not only the cellular frequency bands used today (mainly below 3 GHz), but also the potential future bands (above 3 GHz). The results show a material dependent and a frequency dependent attenuation, with an average increase of 20-25 dB in modern constructions compared to the old construction, which presents a low and almost constant attenuation below 10 dB. The different measurement results and observations presented along the paper are useful for future radio network planning considerations.
Comparing parameter tuning methods for evolutionary algorithms

Tuning the parameters of an evolutionary algorithm (EA) to a given problem at hand is essential for good algorithm performance. Optimizing parameter values is, however, a non-trivial problem, beyond the limits of human problem solving.In this light it is odd that no parameter tuning algorithms are used widely in evolutionary computing. This paper is meant to be stepping stone towards a better practice by discussing the most important issues related to tuning EA parameters, describing a number of existing tuning methods, and presenting a modest experimental comparison among them. The paper is concluded by suggestions for future research - hopefully inspiring fellow researchers for further work.
Replication scheme for traffic load balancing and its parameter tuning in pure P2P communication

A replication scheme is an effective method for maintaining a high hit rate for target files. This paper proposes a new replication scheme that scatters 'replicas' of files to other servants on a P2P network for the purpose of dispersing query and download traffic. First, the details of this proposed scheme are described and its parameter tuning is discussed by introducing rating functions. Second, the effectiveness of this scheme is evaluated by simulation. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has superior performance for some characteristic values, such as the hit rate and the number of mean hops to the target servant, compared with other schemes. Finally, the influence of departure rate is discussed.
Police Detectives' Aims regarding Their Interviews with Suspects: Any Change at the Turn of the Millennium?

How can valid information be obtained in police interviews with suspects? How can false confessions be avoided? Answers to these questions will help convict the guilty and avoid miscarriages of justice. Unfortunately, very little research on real-life interviews with suspects has been carried out due to the sensitive nature of the topic, and all the difficulties of access such research entials. The present study sought to gather police detectives' views on the ways they conducted interviews with uncooperative suspects. It was found that specialised training in the investigative interviewing of suspects, as well as good preparation of the interview beforehand and the social skills of the interviewers, are judged by the detectives to be of utmost importance when dealing with uncooperative suspects. In addition, the actual style of the interview was reported to be influenced by various factors, such as the available evidence in a given case, the actual nature of the crime, and the interviewer's approach towards the suspect (and vice versa).
Aspect-based extractive summarization of online reviews

In this paper, we study the aspect-based extractive summarization based on the observations that a good summary should present representative opinions on user concerned sub-aspects within limited words. According to these observations, we argue that, two requirements, i.e. representativeness and diversity, should be considered for generating a good summary in addition to the traditional requirements of aspect-relevance and sentiment intensity. We focus on the intrinsic relationship between sentences and the dependency between extracted sentences for summarization, and thus propose a novel aspect-based summarization method for online reviews, which employs an Aspect-sensitive Markov Random Walk Model to meet the representativeness requirement, as well as a greedy redundancy removal method to meet the diversity requirement. The conducted experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed method by comparing it with the baselines which ignores representativeness and/or diversity. The experimental results also show that, the two requirements we present are both indispensable for a good summary.
Maneuvering Target Tracking in the Case of Wakes

An interacting multiple model probability data association method for tracking the wake target is presented. When the detections are fed to a tracking system like the Probabilistic Data Association Filter, the estimated track can be misled and sometimes lose the real target because of the wake. This problem becomes even more severe when the target performs maneuvering in the presence of wakes. To prevent this, we propose a probabilistic model of the wakes and deduce the new probability association coefficient, for the target's maneuvering, the Interacting Multiple Model is applied. Simulation result shows, compared with the Interacting Multiple Model Probabilistic Data Association method, the new method could reduce the target loss effectively and retain low target loss ratio with augmenting measurement noise.
Proteomics and Metabolomics: Two Emerging Areas for Legume Improvement

The crop legumes such as chickpea, common bean, cowpea, peanut, pigeonpea, soybean, etc. are important sources of nutrition and contribute to a significant amount of biological nitrogen fixation (>20 million tons of fixed nitrogen) in agriculture. However, the production of legumes is constrained due to abiotic and biotic stresses. It is therefore imperative to understand the molecular mechanisms of plant response to different stresses and identify key candidate genes regulating tolerance which can be deployed in breeding programs. The information obtained from transcriptomics has facilitated the identification of candidate genes for the given trait of interest and utilizing them in crop breeding programs to improve stress tolerance. However, the mechanisms of stress tolerance are complex due to the influence of multi-genes and post-transcriptional regulations. Furthermore, stress conditions greatly affect gene expression which in turn causes modifications in the composition of plant proteomes and metabolomes. Therefore, functional genomics involving various proteomics and metabolomics approaches have been obligatory for understanding plant stress tolerance. These approaches have also been found useful to unravel different pathways related to plant and seed development as well as symbiosis. Proteome and metabolome profiling using high-throughput based systems have been extensively applied in the model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, as well as in the model crop legume, soybean, to examine stress signaling pathways, cellular and developmental processes and nodule symbiosis. Moreover, the availability of protein reference maps as well as proteomics and metabolomics databases greatly support research and understanding of various biological processes in legumes. Protein-protein interaction techniques, particularly the yeast two-hybrid system have been advantageous for studying symbiosis and stress signaling in legumes. In this review, several studies on proteomics and metabolomics in model and crop legumes have been discussed. Additionally, applications of advanced proteomics and metabolomics approaches have also been included in this review for future applications in legume research. The integration of these “omics” approaches will greatly support the identification of accurate biomarkers in legume smart breeding programs.