Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Assembly Tests of the First Nb3Sn Low-Beta Quadrupole Short Model for the Hi-Lumi LHC

In preparation for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the LHC Accelerator Research Program (LARP) in collaboration with CERN is pursuing the development of MQXF: a 150-mm-aperture high-field Nb3Sn quadrupole magnet. The development phase starts with the fabrication and test of several short models (1.2-m magnetic length) and will continue with the development of several long prototypes. All of them are mechanically supported using a shell-based support structure, which has been extensively demonstrated on several R&D models within LARP. The first short model MQXFS-AT has been assembled at LBNL with coils fabricated by LARP and CERN. In this paper, we summarize the assembly process and show how it relies strongly on experience acquired during the LARP 120-mm-aperture HQ magnet series. We present comparison between strain gauges data and finite-element model analysis. Finally, we present the implication of the MQXFS-AT experience on the design of the long prototype support structure.
Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing

Abstract Augmented Reality (AR) is a fast rising technology and it has been applied in many fields such as gaming, learning, entertainment, medical, military, sports, etc. This paper reviews some of the academic studies of AR applications in manufacturing operations. Comparatively, it is lesser addressed due to stringent requirements of high accuracy, fast response and the desirable alignment with industrial standards and practices such that the users will not find drastic transition when adopting this new technology. This paper looks into common manufacturing activities such as product design, robotics, facilities layout planning, maintenance, CNC machining simulation and assembly planning. Some of the issues and future trends of AR technology are also addressed.
A higher order transform domain filter exploiting non-local spatial correlation for video coding

In-loop filters are widely employed in video coding standards to improve coding efficiency by reducing quantization noise. However, only local spatial correlation of video frames is exploited in existing in-loop filters, which limits the improvement of video coding efficiency. In this paper, a higher order transform domain filter (HOTDF) is proposed to further reduce quantization noise. The filter fully exploits non-local spatial correlation by grouping similar patches and sparsely representing them in a higher order transform domain. Then quantization noise can be well removed by preserving large transform coefficients conveying majority of original signals and discarding the remaining smaller ones mainly caused by quantization. Experimental results show that compared with HM16.0, the proposed algorithm achieves 1.9%, 3.0% and 2.5% BD-rate reduction for luminance component on average for all intra, low delay P and random access configurations, respectively.
Control Balancing in Information Systems Development Offshoring Projects

While much is known about selecting different types of control that can be exercised in information systems development projects, the control dynamics associated with ISD offshoring projects represent an important gap in our understanding. In this paper, we develop a substantive grounded theory of control balancing that addresses this theoretical gap. Based on a longitudinal case study of an ISD offshoring project in the financial services industry, we introduce a three-dimensional control configuration category that emerged from our data, suggesting that control type is only one dimension on which control configuration decisions need to be made. The other two dimensions that we identified are control degree (tight versus relaxed) and control style (unilateral versus bilateral). Furthermore, we illustrate that control execution during the life cycle of an ISD offshoring project is highly intertwined with the development of client--vendor shared understanding and that each influences the other. Based on these findings, we develop an integrative process model that explains how offshoring project managers make adjustments to the control configuration periodically to allow the ISD offshoring project and relationship to progress, yielding the iterative use of different three-dimensional control configurations that we conceptualize in the paper. Our process model of control balancing may trigger new ways of looking at control phenomena in temporary interfirm organizations such as client--vendor ISD offshoring projects. Implications for research on organizational control and ISD offshoring are discussed. In addition, guidelines for ISD offshoring practitioners are presented.
Efficient polymer solar cells via an all-spray-coated deposition

In this study, we report high performance organic solar cells with spray coated hole-injection and active layers. We were able to achieve high film quality, deduced from surface profilometry, atomic force microscopy and absorption measurements. With an automated ultrasonic spray coater we successfully deposit smooth and uniform PEDOT:PSS in optimum thicknesses of 40 nm and a mixture of P3HT and PCBM in thicknesses in the range 200–250 nm.
The five cleavage-stage (CS) histones of the sea urchin are encoded by a maternally expressed family of replacement histone genes: functional equivalence of the CS H1 and frog H1M (B4) proteins

The cleavage-stage (CS) histones of the sea urchin are known to be maternally expressed in the egg, have been implicated in chromatin remodeling of the male pronucleus following fertilization, and are the only histone variants present in embryonic chromatin up to the four-cell stage. With the help of partial peptide sequence information, we have isolated and identified CS H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 cDNAs from egg poly(A)+ mRNA of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris. All five CS proteins correspond to replacement histone variants which are encoded by replication-independent genes containing introns, poly(A) addition signals, and long nontranslated sequences. Transcripts of the CS histone genes could be detected only during oogenesis and in development up to the early blastula stage. The CS proteins, with the exception of H4, are unique histones which are distantly related in sequence to the early, late, and sperm histone subtypes of the sea urchin. In contrast, the CS H1 protein displays highest sequence homology with the H1M (B4) histone of Xenopus laevis. Both H1 proteins are replacement histone variants with very similar developmental expression profiles in their respective species, thus indicating that the frog H1M (B4) gene is a vertebrate homolog of the CS H1 gene. These data furthermore suggest that the CS histones are of ancient evolutionary origin and may perform similar conserved functions during oogenesis and early development in different species.
Control method for a novel converter topology for permanent magnet drives

The paper describes a new converter concept for permanent magnet drives and its control. It is called multilevel integrated step-up (MIS) converter, because the new topology enables output voltages higher than the DC link voltage and a multilevel-like output voltage waveform, too. DC/DC converters to stabilize and increase the DC link voltage are not necessary, since DC-link voltage variations can be compensated by control of the MIS converter. The converter comprises internal switched “boost-capacitors”. The machine inductance is used to generate a step-up conversion for the internal capacitor voltage. These points lead to additional degrees of freedom for controlling the system and optimization of important parameters e.g. current ripple or switching frequency. In comparison to standard flying capacitor topologies[1] no upper limit exists for the internal capacitor voltage. This is a unique feature of the MIS converter. The extended operating range is explained with respect to different machine characteristics with a low and high short circuit current ratio. The control scheme shows different ways to control the internal capacitor voltage in relation to machine's power and speed. Additionally, design considerations for the size of the internal boost capacitor are presented.
Flux-weakening control of permanent magnet synchronous motor using in electric vehicles

Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) can be applied in electric vehicles for its wide-speed operation. The current vector control algorithm of an IPMSM in different speed operation region over is proposed in this paper. Form the theoretical analyses, the optimal behavior of the IPMSM can be achieved by considering three control strategies: maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control strategy in constant torque region, constant current amplitude control in general flux-weakening region, and maximum input power flux-weakening control in high-speed region. The algorithm provides robust current regulation with maximum efficiency and torque capability for IPMSM. In different region, the optimum d-axis current command can be calculated according to different control strategy. The q-axis current command is determined from the torque command and d-axis current. In testing the proposed control algorithm, a vector control system, which consists of two closed loops of control: speed control and current control, was developed to control the IPMSM operating in different speed region. Simulation results from a machine prototype show that the algorithm provides good static and dynamic response in wide-speed region with different control strategies. This paper presents the operating principles, theoretical analyses, and simulation results of the IPMSM over wide-speed region.
Constant-absolute-bandwidth frequency-tunable half-mode SIW filter containing no tunable coupling structures

A new half-mode frequency-tunable SIW (substrate-integrated waveguide) bandpass filter with a constant absolute bandwidth is presented in this paper. For achieving the constant bandwidth, we have developed new external and internal coupling structures capable of exhibiting specified coupling values over the frequency tuning range of the presented filter. Hence, the presented filter employs no tuning components in the coupling structures and this avoids the insertion loss increase due to tuning components. For verification, a second-order filter has been designed, fabricated, and measured. The filter has the insertion loss smaller than 2.0 dB over the frequency tuning range from 1.85 GHz to 2.3 GHz. The bandwidth slightly varies from 136 MHz to 142 MHz.
Sexual Assault Prevention Efforts in the U.S. Air Force: A Systematic Review and Content Analysis

The issue of sexual assault in the U.S. military is problematic and prevalent. All military branches have undertaken an effort to develop and implement sexual assault prevention programs (SAPPs), yet these programs lack a rigorous and independent evaluation process, limiting an understanding of effectiveness. We examined the four official SAPPs that have been used within the U.S. Air Force (USAF) over the past decade by comparing their content and process with best practice suggestions for SAPPs. Content of the four USAF SAPPs was evaluated on 47 different criteria grouped into the following program elements: content, process, and outcome. Independent ratings of the criteria were reliable, and results indicated strengths and opportunities for improvement. Most notably, evidence of an objective program evaluation system is lacking. Recommendations for improving SAPPs are offered.
Implementation of Genetic Algorithm Using FPGA with Applications

This paper presents a design of a general purpose GA. It is described using the Very high speed integrated circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL), which is one of the Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). The complete system is implemented in a single Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform using the Foundation 2.1i, which is a software tool from XILINX. The feasibility of the purposed FPGA-based GA (FPGAGA) is demonstrated by testing it using two case studies. The objective of the first test is to maximize mathematical functions (f(x) = 2x, f(x) = x+5 and f(x) =2x 3 -45x 2 +300x) over the domain 15 x 0   . Simulation results show that the adopted design is able to find the maximum obtainable values for all the functions. The objective of the second test is to solve circuit partitioning problem by distributing given modules (or cells) over two blocks. The number of inter-block connections and the number of modules assigned for each block should be minimum. Simulation results show that the final arrangements reached by the FPGAGA for the given arrangements (consist of 5, 10 and 15 modules) is well optimized in term" of the number of inter-block connections and the modules assigned for each block.
THE SEARCH FOR HIGH-MASS ( PROTO ) STARS 300

o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o We review recent bservati nal results in the field f high-mass star f rmati n. Special attenti n is given t the earliest ev luti nary stages f massive stars thr ugh the study f h t, dense m lecular c res and ultrac mpact H II regi ns. The characteristics f these tw classes f bjects are illustrated in s me detail, emphasizing the r le f h t c res as sites f massive star f rmati n. Finally, a p ssible scenari f r an ev luti nary sequence fr m h t c res t ultrac mpact H II regi ns is pr p sed.
The Role of Total Quality Control (TQC) in the Technical

In the current times, quality is the key word in industries, government and public agencies, often in the concept of total quality or total quality control. The proliferation of Total Quality Control (TQC) has produced a debate. The debate lies between the argument of TQC advocates, who consider it as a distinct and effective method to improve organizational performance, and those who just consider it as another organizational fad. The controversial debate pits TQM advocates against expert scholars who are well-informed of the TQC root methods. More specifically, TQC advocates make use of TQC to develop a position upon which they can scrutinize academic work by failing to examine the concept thoroughly despite the fact that academicians should be able to understand the concept deeply more than advocates, as TQC makes use of technical methods that scholars have been examining for many years. The aim of the present study was to arrive at the common TQC understanding in the technical.
Formalisierte Terminologien technischer Systeme und ihrer Zuverlässigkeit

Wahrend des Lebenslaufs eines technischen Systems kommunizieren Fachleute mit verschiedenen Ausbildungs- und Erfahrungshintergrunden miteinander. Nur ein gleiches Verstandnis auf der Grundlage eines gemeinsamen Terminologoegebaudes ermoglicht zueinander passendes Handeln. Existierende Ansatze der Terminologiearbeit erfullen die Anspruche an eine eindeutige, widerspruchsfreie, prazise, mehrsprachige und domanenubergreifende terminologische Basis allerdings nicht. Um einen reibungslosen Ablauf der gewerkeubergreifenden Zusammenarbeit uber den gesamten Lebenslauf technischer Systeme zu ermoglichen, mussen die Grenzfalle und Unscharfen bestehender Terminologieabbildungen gelost werden. Die in dieser Arbeit ausgearbeitete methodische Grundlage besteht in einer eindeutigen Festlegung von Termini durch die durchgangige Nutzung einheitlicher formaler Beschreibungsmittel. Auf dieser Basis aufbauend wird die Basisterminologie der leittechnischen Modellwelt beschrieben. Sie stellt das Fundament fur eine weitergehende Modellbildung dar. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit konzipierte Vorgehensweise wird auf die Modellierung eines formalisierten Terminologiegebaudes zur Verlasslichkeit technischer Systeme angewendet. Die einzelnen Termini werden hierbei durch ein Netz zwischen ihnen bestehender Bedeutungsbeziehungen abgebildet und so zu einem neuen Terminologiegebaude zusammengefugt. Gleichwertige Benennungen werden identifiziert und somit ein Beitrag zur Eindeutigkeit des Fachvokabulars geleistet. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Terminologiemanagementsystem konzipiert, welches die Sprache in ihrer Komplexitat abzubilden vermag und somit uber eine blose Auflistung von Bezeichnungen und den ihnen zugeordneten Definitionen hinausgeht. Es erlaubt die verteilte Erarbeitung und Abstimmung eines Fachwortschatzes in der Normungsarbeit und in der industriellen Praxis und ermoglicht dort eine fachubergreifende Kommunikation, wo bisher nur Unverstandnis, Missverstandnis und Ablehnung bestanden.
What Makes a Music Track Popular in Online Social Networks?

Tens of thousands of music tracks are uploaded to the Internet every day through social networks that focus on music and videos, as well as portal websites. While some of the content has been popular for decades, some tracks that have just been released have been completely ignored. So what makes a music track popular? Can we predict the popularity of a music track before it is released? In this research, we will focus on an online music social network, Last.fm, and investigate three key factors of a music track that may have impact on its popularity. They include: the music content, the artist reputation and the social context of the music. The results suggest that we can predict the future popularity of music with around 80% accuracy using just these three factors. We also found out that in the social networks scenario, the content of the music seems to be an surprisingly important factor that determines the popularity of a track online.
A specific DIF binding protein in Dictyostelium.

Differentiation Inducing Factor (DIF‐1), a small chlorinated organic molecule which is produced during Dictyostelium development, is believed to be the morphogen that controls the stalk‐specific pathway of differentiation. We describe the identification and characterization of a protease‐sensitive activity from cell lysates which binds tritiated DIF‐1 with the properties expected of a DIF receptor. Scatchard and linear subtraction plots show a single class of binding sites, of high affinity (Kd = 1.8 nM) and low abundance (1100 sites/cell). The activity elutes from heparin‐agarose as a single peak. Various DIF‐1 analogues compete for binding in proportion to their activities in a stalk cell differentiation bioassay. The amount of binding activity is developmentally regulated, peaking shortly before the appearance of the prestalk‐prespore pattern and before the developmental rise in DIF concentration; the rise occurs at the same time that prestalk‐specific genes become DIF inducible. Addition of cyclic AMP to aggregated cells, which induces post‐aggregative gene expression in general, also induces the binding activity.
Cochlear mechanisms from a phylogenetic viewpoint.

The hearing organ of the inner ear was the last of the paired sense organs of amniotes to undergo formative evolution. As a mechanical sensory organ, the inner-ear hearing organ's function depends highly on its physical structure. Comparative studies suggest that the hearing organ of the earliest amniote vertebrates was small and simple, but possessed hair cells with a cochlear amplifier mechanism, electrical frequency tuning, and incipient micromechanical tuning. The separation of the different groups of amniotes from the stem reptiles occurred relatively early, with the ancestors of the mammals branching off first, approximately 320 million years ago. The evolution of the hearing organ in the three major lines of the descendents of the stem reptiles (e.g., mammals, birds-crocodiles, and lizards-snakes) thus occurred independently over long periods of time. Dramatic and parallel improvements in the middle ear initiated papillar elongation in all lineages, accompanied by increased numbers of sensory cells with enhanced micromechanical tuning and group-specific hair-cell specializations that resulted in unique morphological configurations. This review aims not only to compare structure and function across classification boundaries (the comparative approach), but also to assess how and to what extent fundamental mechanisms were influenced by selection pressures in times past (the phylogenetic viewpoint).
Wide Area Monitoring Experiences in Norway

In this paper, a wide area monitoring system (WAMS) for the 420 kV Norwegian bulk transmission grid has been evaluated. The robustness of the PMU measurements has been demonstrated by a direct comparison of phasor information from the PMUs and a state estimator (EMS). The paper highlights benefits of both off-line and on-line WAMS applications: a method for real-time detection of power oscillations, as well as the use of WAMS as input to power system stabilizers (PSS), is presented
A Cytochrome P450-Derived Epoxygenated Metabolite of Anandamide Is a Potent Cannabinoid Receptor 2-Selective Agonist

Oxidation of the endocannabinoid anandamide by cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes has the potential to affect signaling pathways within the endocannabinoid system and pharmacological responses to novel drug candidates targeting this system. We previously reported that the human cytochromes P450 2D6, 3A4, and 4F2 are high-affinity, high-turnover anandamide oxygenases in vitro, forming the novel metabolites hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid ethanolamides and epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible biological significance of these metabolic pathways. We report that the 5,6-epoxide of anandamide, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamide (5,6-EET-EA), is a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist. The Ki values for the binding of 5,6-EET-EA to membranes from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing either recombinant human CB1 or CB2 receptor were 11.4 μM and 8.9 nM, respectively. In addition, 5,6-EET-EA inhibited the forskolin-stimulated accumulation of cAMP in CHO cells stably expressing the CB2 receptor (IC50 = 9.8 ± 1.3 nM). Within the central nervous system, the CB2 receptor is expressed on activated microglia and is a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation. BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with low doses of interferon-γ exhibited an increased capacity for converting anandamide to 5,6-EET-EA, which correlated with increased protein expression of microglial P450 4F and 3A isoforms. Finally, we demonstrate that 5,6-EET-EA is more stable than anandamide in mouse brain homogenates and is primarily metabolized by epoxide hydrolase. Combined, our results suggest that epoxidation of anandamide by P450s to form 5,6-EET-EA represents an endocannabinoid bioactivation pathway in the context of immune cell function.
Initial Rightward Orienting Bias in Clinical Tasks: Normal Subjects and Right Hemispheric Stroke Patients With and Without Neglect

In order to develop the diagnosis of hemi-inattention in patients with right hemispheric cerebrovascular accident (RCVA), the initial starting point of cancellation performance was studied in seven commonly used visual cancellation tasks, an Object Finding task, and a blindfold Tactuo-motor search task. The subject groups consisted of 34 patients with RCVA and 31 healthy subjects. Patients were divided into groups of contralateral neglect and no neglect. One additional case of ipsilesional neglect and one of nonlateralised attentional disorder in relation to early orienting bias, are reported. Patients with contralateral negct showed a strong tendency to start their cancellation performance on the right. Also, half of the nonneglect patient group demonstrated right bias in initiating their cancellation performance, suggesting the presence of a subclinical hemi-inattention group. Contrary to expectations, also a small proportion of normal subjects were right-biased. Task dependent differences in the assessment of early rightward orienting bias were found.