Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in the evolution of the electrocardiographic QT interval with age.

OBJECTIVE To investigate sex differences in the evolution of the QT interval with age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A community-based representative North American population sample of 14,379 children and adults aged from birth to 75 years. The measured QT intervals (QTm) were determined by a computer algorithm and QTm, corrected for heart rate (HR), was expressed as QT index: QTI = (QTm/Tp) x 100, where QTp is the predicted QT from the formula QTp (ms) = 656/(1 + HR/100). MAIN RESULTS The QTI values of females were significantly longer than of males in all age groups from 15 to 50 years tested at yearly intervals. This difference was due to a 20 ms drop in rate-corrected QT values in adolescent males after puberty, whereas QT values of females remained unchanged throughout the growth, maturation and reproductive years. The new QT prediction formula explained 83% of total QT variance in females and 82% in males after adjustment for heart rate and for the observed significant influence of ventricular excitation time (QRS duration) on QT interval in both sexes and a correction for QT age trend in males. CONCLUSIONS The sex difference in the QT interval is due to QT shortening in males after puberty rather than QT prolongation in women during reproductive years. The fact that QRS duration is a significant determinant of the QT interval has important theoretical implications for attempts to model the ventricular repolarization process and it indicates that the traditional concept of reverse sequence of ventricular repolarization is not universally valid in all myocardial regions.
Adiponectin increases motility of human prostate cancer cells via adipoR, p38, AMPK, and NF‐κB pathways

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men. Prostate cancer shows a predilection for metastasis to the bone. Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted predominantly by differentiated adipocytes and involved in energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adiponectin is associated with migration of prostate cancer cells.
Enhanced Isolation of a Closely Spaced Four-Element MIMO Antenna System Using Metamaterial Mushroom

A double-layer mushroom structure is proposed to enhance the interelement isolation of a four-element antenna system, wherein four closely positioned substrate-integrated cavity-backed slot (SICBS) antenna elements are configured for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) applications. A wall with a double-layer mushroom structure is positioned in between the four antenna elements. An antenna prototype with a ground plane size of 0.96 λo × 0.96 λo (λo is the free space-wavelength at 2.4 GHz) demonstrates an enhanced interelement isolation of 16 dB for parallel-directed antenna element pairs, while the isolation of the orthogonally directed antenna element pairs remains unchanged over the operating bandwidth (|S11| <; -10 dB) of 2.396 -2.45 GHz. With the enhanced isolation larger than 42 dB between each antenna element pair, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is lower than 0.02 across the operating bandwidth. The simulated and measured results validate the good MIMO diversity performance of the proposed antenna system.
Dendritic Cell Differentiation Signals Induce Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Human Adult Microglia1

Microglia are resident cells of the CNS that belong to the myeloid cell lineage. In experimental models of neuroinflammation, they have limited capacity to function as APCs when compared with dendritic cells (DCs). Human peripheral blood monocytes have the plasticity to differentiate into mature DCs when exposed to GM-CSF and IL-4 followed by LPS. In this study we addressed the potential of human microglia to acquire phenotypic and functional properties of mature DCs under similar inducing conditions. Treated adult and fetal microglia became CD14low and acquired limited expression of CD209 (DC-SIGN); they remained CD1a− and CD83−, and decreased MHCII expression, suggesting that they had not achieved a complete DC phenotype. The monocyte-derived DCs efficiently promoted CD4 T cell proliferation in an allogeneic MLR, whereas differentiated adult microglia had a decreased ability to stimulate CD4 T cell proliferation compared with their untreated counterparts. Differentiated fetal microglia did support CD4 T cell proliferation, whereas untreated cells could not. Fetal and adult microglia produced significant amounts of IL-10 following differentiation but no detectable IL-12 p70, in contrast to differentiated monocytes that produced IL-12 p70. Our data indicate that neither adult nor fetal microglia acquired the full characteristic phenotype of mature stimulatory DCs when treated with DC-inducing cytokines in vitro. Moreover, such treatment, especially of adult microglia, induces functional responses that could promote an antiinflammatory environment in the CNS.
Analysis of switching surge characteristics of 345kV GIS and their affections assessments

345kV gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has been widely used in large power plants and substations. Since the buses of the GIS are the merging points of the power lines, with the large capacitance between its inner buses and casing interacting with the inductance of the main transformer, switching operations may generate large voltage and current surges and following-up residual voltages which will adversely affect the internal components of the GIS such as the potential transformer. This paper first applies the Electromagnetic Transients Program/Alternative Transients Program (EMTP / ATP) to construct the model of GIS and then analyzes the voltage and current surges caused by switching operations. The analysis includes both common and special switching operations, as well as synchronous and asynchronous three-phase switching operations. Finally, suggestions are made for future improvement strategies based on the analysis and evaluation on the effects of the switching surges of the GIS.
Diagnosis of faults in induction generators under fluctuating load conditions through the instantaneous frequency of the fault components

This paper introduces a methodology for improving the reliability of diagnosis of different types of faults in wound rotor induction generators which works under variable load conditions; the method is based on the extraction of the Instantaneous Frequency of the fault related components of stator and rotor currents during speed transients, caused by load changes. It is shown that under these conditions, the Instantaneous Frequency plots of the fault components versus the slip are straight lines with a specific slope and offset for each kind of fault. In addition, neither of these patterns are dependent on the machine features, nor the way in which the load changes. Besides, the practical methodology of this technique is introduced for diagnosing two different kinds of fault: stator winding asymmetry and rotor winding asymmetry. The approach is validated by laboratory tests, for both types of faults.
Thiol-disulfide Redox Dependence of Heme Binding and Heme Ligand Switching in Nuclear Hormone Receptor Rev-erbβ*

Rev-erbβ is a heme-binding nuclear hormone receptor that represses a broad spectrum of target genes involved in regulating metabolism, the circadian cycle, and proinflammatory responses. Here, we demonstrate that a thiol-disulfide redox switch controls the interaction between heme and the ligand-binding domain of Rev-erbβ. The reduced dithiol state of Rev-erbβ binds heme 5-fold more tightly than the oxidized disulfide state. By means of site-directed mutagenesis and by UV-visible and EPR spectroscopy, we also show that the ferric heme of reduced (dithiol) Rev-erbβ can undergo a redox-triggered switch from imidazole/thiol ligation (via His-568 and Cys-384, based on a prior crystal structure) to His/neutral residue ligation upon oxidation to the disulfide form. On the other hand, we find that change in the redox state of iron has no effect on heme binding to the ligand-binding domain of the protein. The low dissociation constant for the complex between Fe3+- or Fe2+-heme and the reduced dithiol state of the protein (Kd = ∼20 nm) is in the range of the intracellular free heme concentration. We also determined that the Fe2+-heme bound to the ligand-binding domain of Rev-erbβ has high affinity for CO (Kd = 60 nm), which replaces one of the internal ligands when bound. We suggest that this thiol-disulfide redox switch is one mechanism by which oxidative stress is linked to circadian and/or metabolic imbalance. Heme dissociation from Rev-erbβ has been shown to derepress the expression of target genes in response to changes in intracellular redox conditions. We propose that oxidative stress leads to oxidation of cysteine(s), thus releasing heme from Rev-erbβ and altering its transcriptional activity.
Source depth estimation using modal decomposition and time-frequency representations

Source localization in shallow water environment is a crucial issue in underwater acoustics. Many methods for the source depth estimation use modal decomposition. Most of them use a multi-sensor array (vertical or horizontal). We propose a method based on time-frequency representations and matched mode processing. It needs thus only one sensor. Modes amplitudes are estimated on time-frequency representation starting for a theoretical model of waveguide. Depth estimation is done comparing estimated modes amplitudes with predicted ones extracted from simulations at different depths. The robustness against noise is discussed. Validation on a real dataset is given.
Ultra-wideband signal generation at 300 GHz in a SiGe BiCMOS technology

In this paper an ultra high bandwidth signal generation MMIC is presented. Based on an fundamental oscillator working at 75 GHz followed by a two stage frequency quadrupler, an output frequency range from 231.2–309.1 GHz is achieved, resulting in an overall tuning range of almost 78 GHz. The maximum output power of the transmitter MMIC is −2.8 dBm with a power variation of 7.5 dB over the complete 78 GHz tuning range. In combination with a low phase noise of approx. −75 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset of the 300 GHz output signal, various high resolution distance measurements or imaging applications especially in the field of industrial quality assurance or in-line process monitoring become possible. With a power consumption of the complete MMIC of 700 mW at a single supply voltage of 5 V the realization of low-power sensors for industrial use can be achieved. The use of the well-established B11HFC SiGe BiCMOS technology provided by Infineon Technologies AG allows a reliable and cost-effective production as well.
Validity of posttraumatic stress disorder service connection status in Veterans Affairs electronic records of Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the extent to which veterans' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) service connection (SC) status corresponded to their PTSD diagnostic status, as determined by a semistructured diagnostic interview. METHOD Participants were 834 veterans in the Veterans After-Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR), an observational registry of veterans with and without PTSD who are enrolled in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. PTSD diagnostic status was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). RESULTS Concordance between PTSD SC status and current and lifetime PTSD diagnosis was 70.2% and 77.2%, respectively. Individuals with PTSD SC were twice as likely as those without PTSD SC to have a current SCID PTSD diagnosis (OR = 2.11 [95% CI, 1.47-3.04]; P < .001) and almost 3 times as likely to have a lifetime SCID PTSD diagnosis (OR = 2.72 [95% CI, 1.67-4.41]; P < .001). For current PTSD, results showed a slightly higher proportion of false positives-individuals who did not meet SCID criteria but who did have SC for PTSD-than false negatives-individuals who met SCID criteria but did not have SC for PTSD. For lifetime PTSD, the proportion of false negatives was approximately twice the proportion of false positives. CONCLUSIONS PTSD diagnostic and SC status are discordant for a significant minority of veterans. Findings revealed that both the number of veterans who are service connected without meeting criteria for PTSD and the number of veterans who meet PTSD criteria but have not been granted SC status are concerning.
Using a bar-coded medication administration system to prevent medication errors in a community hospital network.

Medical errors are widely acknowledged as a major threat to patient safety. Medical errors result in 44,000–98,000 deaths per year—more deaths than those caused by highway accidents, breast cancer, or AIDS. [1][1] The leading cause of error-related inpatient deaths is adverse drug events (i.e.,
Human-Assisted Word Sense Disambiguation

Word Sense Disambiguation is a challenge in Machine Translation. The PanMail project takes the approach that people writing emails to be translated will be willing to help in the disambiguation process because they have an interest in accurate translation of their emails. This not only improves upon regular translation, it also collects valuable data for training better translation techniques. When asking a user to help disambiguate, PanMail needs a way to present the different senses for the user to choose among. PanMail aims to be able to translate between any two languages in the world. However, only 14 languages have sense-disambiguated dictionaries. Over 500 languages in the world do not have sense-disambiguated dictionaries, and for those languages the system has to use methods like synonyms of the different senses, or language-independent methods like images that represent the different senses. This study evaluates the use of definitions, synonyms, and images for user disambiguation. We report on lessons learned for how to choose images that reflect different senses, as well as users’ impressions of the methods. We find that even though images are not as effective as definitions, they are significantly more effective than the baseline of just choosing the most common word sense. Thus, for the sparse languages where definitions and synonyms are unavailable, images are a good option.
Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Systemic NG-Monomethyl-L-Arginine Administration in Humans: Effects on Interstitial Adenosine, Prostacyclin and Potassium Concentrations in Resting and Contracting Skeletal Muscle

We examined whether the formation or the release of the vasodilators adenosine, prostacyclin (PGI2) and potassium (K+) increase in skeletal muscle interstitium in response to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition. Five subjects performed one-legged knee extensor exercise at 30 W without (controls) and with prior NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) infusion (4 mg/kg, intravenously). Samples from the interstitial fluid were obtained at rest, during exercise and after exercise with the microdialysis technique. Interstitial adenosine in controls increased (p < 0.05) from 0.11 ± 0.03 μmol/l at rest to 0.48 ± 0.06 μmol/l during exercise. Interstitial adenosine during exercise in L-NAME was similar (p > 0.05) to controls. The 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α concentration in controls was 1.17 ± 0.20 ng/ml at rest and increased (p < 0.05) to 1.97 ± 0.30 ng/ml during exercise and was further elevated (p < 0.05) to 2.76 ± 0.38 ng/ml after exercise and these concentrations were not different (p > 0.05) in L-NAME. The interstitial K+ concentration in controls increased (p < 0.05) from 4.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l at rest to 9.5 ± 0.5 mmol/l during exercise. The interstitial K+ concentration during exercise (6.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l) was lower (p < 0.05) in L-NAME than in controls. The present findings demonstrate that the muscle interstitial concentrations of adenosine, PGI2 and K+ during exercise are not increased with systemic NOS inhibition. Thus, the lack of effect of NOS inhibition on the rate of blood flow to contracting human skeletal muscle does not appear to be due to compensatory formation or release of adenosine, PGI2 and K+ in the muscle interstitium. The present study also supports a role for PGI2 in the regulation of blood flow during exercise.
Downlink Traffic Scheduling with Contact Durations Awareness for Vehicular Infrastructures

The vehicular infrastructures or roadside units (RSUs) in vehicular delay tolerant networks (VDTNs) can be used as the gateways of the distributed sensor networks. The different classes of service (CoS) support are desired when more than one type of the sensed data are collected by the RSUs. In this paper, the CoS support traffic scheduling problem for the RSU in VDTNs is considered. By exploring the contact information between the vehicles and the RSU, the CoS traffic scheduling problem is formulated as a maximum weighted triple matching problem, where the traffic scheduling strategy is a timeslot-vehicle-traffic matched pair. A flow network based method is proposed to optimally solve the maximum weighted triple matching problem. Both the offline version and the online version of the traffic scheduling algorithm are developed. Extensive simulations are conducted and the simulation results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed flow network based algorithms.
Situ Characterization of Soil Clay Content with Visible Near-Infrared 1 Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy 2 3

T.H. Waiser, C.L. S. Morgan, and C.T. Hallmark Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas 6 A&M University, 2474 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-2474. D. J. Brown, Dep. of 7 Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, PO Box 8 173120, Bozeman, MT 59717-3120. Received 06 June 2006. *Corresponding author 9 (cmorgan@ag.tamu.edu). 10
GROWTH AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC REACTIONS OF DIFFERENT SPECIES OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS UNDER DROUGHT AND SALT STRESS

Background and Purpose: Comprehension of how the different representatives of the tribe Triticeae tolerate to abiotic stresses is essential for the discovery of new resistance sources and therefore for the development of breeding and genetic researches in stress resistance improvement of such important crops as wheat. The aim of the study was to identify growth reactions and associated changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of different wheat species in response to drought and salt stress. Materials and Methods The changes of seedlings growth parameters of 6 wheat species under the influence of the drought and salt stress under laboratory conditions were investigated. Content chlorophyll a and b was determined. The fluorescence quantum yield of photosystem II and electron transport rate through the photosystem II (ETR) was studied. Results: The relationship between changes in growth activity of seedlings of different wheat species under abiotic stresses and the work of the photosynthetic apparatus was showed. The tetraploid species T. dicoccum Schuebl. and T. aethiopicum Jakubz. were marked because they possess the most stable root system development indicators and a relatively high photosynthetic activity under stress. Conclusions: The results of this research are very promising. They showed a variety of evolutionarily developed physiological mechanisms of protection from the effects of abiotic stresses. They allowed identifying the species as possessing the most stable indicators of growth and a relatively high photosynthetic activity under drought and salt stress. These species can be recommended as salinity and drought tolerance sources for interspecific crosses for different genetic programs.
Optimal construction of a layer-ordered heap

The layer-ordered heap (LOH) is a simple, recently proposed data structure used in optimal selection on $X+Y$, thealgorithm with the best known runtime for selection on $X_1+X_2+\cdots+X_m$, and the fastest method in practice for computing the most abundant isotope peaks in a chemical compound. Here, we introduce a few algorithms for constructing LOHs, analyze their complexity, and demonstrate that one algorithm is optimal for building a LOH of any rank $\alpha$. These results are shown to correspond with empirical experiments of runtimes when applying the LOH construction algorithms to a common task in machine learning.
Prediction method for Channel Quality Indicator in LEO mobile satellite communications

CQI(Channel Quality Indicator) is an essential indicator for AMC(Adaptive Modulation and Coding) technique in terrestrial mobile system. Due to the long delay, and fast movement of LEO satellite, CQI prediction is necessary to ensure effective AMC in LEO mobile satellite communication system. The complete procedure and problem encountered when doing AMC in satellite system are introduced and the difficulties of prediction are analyzed. In order to obtain meaningful and feasible CQI prediction results, a complete prediction scheme is proposed. For different evaluation angles and different UE speeds, Hallen's long-range prediction model and a modified smooth-ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) are chosen to be applied in this scheme. Simulation results show that the prediction performance is very well with the proposed method, which can surely guarantee AMC performance.
Josephson oscillations of chirality and identity in two-dimensional solitons in spin-orbit-coupled condensates

The paper presents chirality oscillations and identity oscillations, associated to spatiotemporal helicity, for stable two dimensional solitons of semi-vortex and mixed-mode types in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates with intrinsic self-attraction, loaded in a dual-core trapping configuration.
Cognitive substrates in semantic memory of formal thought disorder in schizophrenia

Formal thought disorder (FTD) has been associated with abnormalities in the semantic memory system. However, it is still unclear whether these abnormalities are related to the organization of the semantic system, or to the automatic spread of activation-inhibition in semantic networks. In this paper these alternative proposals are examined. Schizophrenic patients and healthy matched controls were given two semantic memory tasks. In the first task, participants were required to judge the similarity between pairs of natural concepts. These ratings are assumed to reflect the underlying knowledge organization. In the second task, participants were required to name pictures that were preceded by related or unrelated word primes. Interference is typically observed when pictures are preceded by semantically related primes, and it is explained as due to inhibitory processes from the word prime to the related picture target. The results showed that the semantic structures derived from the similarity ratings were similar for patients with and without FTD and for control participants. However, results from the picture-naming task indicated that both non-FTD and control participants showed the normal interference/inhibition effects from the related prime words, whereas the patients with FTD showed similar performance for pictures preceded by related words than for pictures preceded by unrelated words. These findings support the hypothesis that abnormalities in inhibitory processes in semantic memory underlie FTD.