Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The outcomes of zone 1 flexor tendon injuries treated using micro bone suture anchors

This article evaluates the outcome of 42 consecutive zone 1 flexor tendon injuries treated by using micro bone anchors during the period 2003–2008. Patients were rehabilitated using the modified Belfast Regime. The range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint was assessed using Moiemen’s classification. A total of 56% of patients achieved excellent or good results for range of motion at the distal interphalangeal joint and 23% had a poor outcome. The mean distal interphalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint range of motion were 48° and 96°, respectively. A total of 94% of patients returned back to work by 12 weeks. One patient sustained a tendon rupture and one developed osteomyelitis. The mean QuickDASH score was 13.5 and 81% of patients were satisfied with their outcomes. This is the largest clinical study on the use of bone anchors for zone 1 tendon injuries. Our study demonstrated a low rate of complications and outcomes that compare favourably with other published techniques.
HD2 proteins interact with RPD3-type histone deacetylases

HD2 proteins were previously identified as plant specific histone deacetylases (HDACs). The molecular mechanism of the function of HD2 proteins is still unclear. Using Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis HD2 proteins, HD2A, HD2C and HD2D, can interact with RPD3-type HDACs, HDA6 and HDA19, suggesting that that these proteins may act in the same protein complex. Our study indicates that HD2 proteins may functionally associate with RPD3-type HDACs to regulate gene expression in plants.
Magnetohydrodynamic Aggregation of Cholesterol and Polystyrene Latex Suspensions

The aggregation state of flowing (0.49 m s-1 linear velocity) colloidal dispersions of polystyrene latex microspheres (certified particle diameter of 156 ± 6 nm; measured diameter, 156 ± 3 nm at pH 5.3 in 50 mM NaCl) in NaCl solution and cholesterol (measured diameter, 533 ± 9 nm at pH 5.3), stabilized in NaCl solution by sodium taurodeoxycholate, was studied using photon correlation spectroscopy. For cholesterol suspensions having electrolyte concentrations close to the critical coagulation concentration (50 mM NaCl), pronounced aggregation was observed after 15 to 30 min of recirculation in the presence of an orthogonally applied magnetic field (2.0, 1.0 and 0.15 T). In all experiments with cholesterol, aggregation was followed by a period of deaggregation, after which aggregation again occurred. Comparable effects were not observed when cholesterol suspensions were recirculated in the absence of the magnetic field or when the suspensions were exposed to an equivalent magnetic field in the absence of flow. For cholesterol suspensions, the increase in particle size was most pronounced at 0.15 and 1.0 T rather than at 2.0 T. Aggregation effects were also observed when suspensions of polystyrene latex in 200 mM NaCl were made to flow through a 1.0-T field. In both systems, the magnetic aggregation does not appear to involve direct interaction between the field and the solid phase, but is interpreted in terms of orthokinetic effects involving magnetohydrodynamic changes in the flow profile resulting from the presence of the transverse field.
Data forensic techniques using Benford's law and Zipf's law for keystroke dynamics

The selection and application of biometrics traits for authentication and identification have recently attracted a significant amount of research interest. In this paper we investigate the use of keystroke data to distinguish between humans using keystroke biometric systems and non-humans for auditing application. Recently, Benford's Law and Zipf's Law, which are both discrete Power law probability distributions, have been effectively used to detect fraud and discriminate between genuine data and fake/tampered data. As such, our motivation is to apply the Benford's Law and Zipf's Law on keystroke data and to determine whether they follow these laws and discriminate between humans using keystroke biometric systems from non-humans. From the results, we observe that, the latency values of the keystroke data from humans actually follow the Benford's law and Zipf's law, but not the duration values. This implies that, latency values from humans would follow the two laws, whereas the latency values from non-humans would deviate from the Benford's law and Zipf's law. Even though, the duration values from humans deviates from the Benford's law, they do follow a pattern that we can develop an accurate model for the duration values. We perform experiments using the benchmark data set developed by Killourhy and Maxion, CMU [1] and obtain divergences of 0.0008, 0.029 and 0.05 for the keyup-keydown (latency), keydown-keydown, and duration of the keystroke data, respectively. Moreover, P-value's of 0.7770, 0.6230 and 0.0160 are obtained for the keyup-keydown (latency), keydown-keydown, and duration of the keystroke data, respectively. We observe that the latency (which is the time elapsed between release of the first key and pressing down of the next key) is one of the most important features used by administrators for auditing purposes to detect anomalies during their employees logging into their company system.
Modeling and experimental design for metabolic flux analysis of lysine-producing Corynebacteria by mass spectrometry.

Experimental design of (13)C-tracer studies for metabolic flux analysis with mass spectrometric determination of labeling patterns was performed for the central metabolism of Corynebacterium glutamicum comprising various flux scenarios. Ratio measurement of mass isotopomer pools of Corynebacterium products lysine, alanine, and trehalose is sufficient to quantify the flux partitioning ratios (i) between glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathways (Phi(PPP)), (ii) between the split pathways in the lysine biosynthesis (Phi(DH)), (iii) at the pyruvate node (Phi(PC)), and reversibilities of (iv) glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (zeta(PGI)), (v) at the pyruvate node (zeta(PC/PEPCK)), and (vi) of transaldolase and transketolases in the PPP. Weighted sensitivities for flux parameters were derived from partial derivatives to quantitatively evaluate experimental approaches and predict precision for estimated flux parameters. Deviation of intensity ratios from ideal values of 1 was used as weighting function. Weighted flux sensitivities can be used to identify optimal type and degree of tracer labeling or potential intensity ratios to be measured. Experimental design for lysine-producing strain C. glutamicum MH 20-22B (Marx et al., Biotechnol. Bioeng. 49, 111-129, 1996) and various potential mutants with different alterations in the flux pattern showed that specific tracer labelings are optimal to quantify a certain flux parameter uninfluenced by the overall flux situation. Identified substrates of choice are [1-(13)C]glucose for the estimation of Phi(PPP) and zeta(PGI) and a 1 : 1 mixture of [U-(12)C/U-(13)C]glucose for the determination of zeta(PC/PEPCK). Phi(PC) can be quantified by feeding [4-(13)C]glucose or [U-(12)C/U-(13)C]glucose (1 : 1), whereas Phi(DH) is accessible via [4-(13)C]glucose. The sensitivity for the quantification of a certain flux parameter can be influenced by superposition through other flux parameters in the network, but substrate and measured mass isotopomers of choice remain the same. In special cases, reduced labeling degree of the tracer substrate can increase the precision of flux analysis. Enhanced precision and flux information can be achieved via multiply labeled substrates. The presented approach can be applied for effective experimental design of (13)C tracer studies for metabolic flux analysis. Intensity ratios of other products such as glutamate, valine, phenylalanine, and riboflavin also sensitively reflect flux parameters, which underlines the great potential of mass spectrometry for flux analysis.
Netrin-1/DCC Signaling in Commissural Axon Guidance Requires Cell-Autonomous Expression of Heparan Sulfate

There is increasing evidence that heparan sulfate (HS) plays an essential role in various axon guidance processes. These observations, however, have not addressed whether HS is required cell autonomously as an axonal coreceptor or as an environmental factor that modulates the localization of guidance molecules in the terrain in which growing axons navigate. Here we demonstrate that netrin-1-mediated commissural axon guidance requires cell-autonomous expression of HS in commissural neurons in vivo. We used the Wnt1 –Cre transgene to drive region-specific ablation of Ext1, which encodes an enzyme essential for HS synthesis, in the dorsal part of the spinal cord. Remarkably, Wnt1–Cre-mediated ablation of Ext1 causes commissural axon pathfinding defects that share similarities with those of Netrin-1-deficient and DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer)-deficient mice. Neither Ext1-deficient dorsal spinal cord explants nor wild-type explants in which HS expression was ablated could extend axons in response to netrin-1. Intracellular signaling downstream of netrin-1 and DCC was defective in Ext1-deficient commissural neurons and in DCC-transfected HEK293T cells from which HS was removed. These results demonstrate that the expression of HS by commissural neurons is essential for these neurons to transduce netrin-1 signals, thus providing evidence for a cell-autonomous role of HS in netrin-1/DCC-mediated axon guidance.
Mental Health Status and Use of General Medical Services for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Background:Serious medical illness often is accompanied by psychological distress. Individuals experiencing mental disorders or symptoms have higher rates of morbidity and mortality, worse social functioning, and use of general medical services. Objectives:We sought to examine the association between mental health and use of general medical services for persons in care for HIV. Design and Participants:We used longitudinal data from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), a nationally representative sample of 2267 HIV+ adults receiving care and who completed all 3 interviews during an 18-month period. Main Outcome Measures:Probability of use and general medical expenditures, by type of service. Results:HIV+ individuals who screened positive for depression or had 5 or more mental health symptoms at baseline spent 20% to 25% more for general medical services in the following 12 months than HIV+ adults without mental health symptoms, after adjusting for disease severity and patient characteristics. Higher spending was largely the result of greater use of inpatient and emergency services. Conclusions:Psychological distress remains an independent predictor of general medical service use, although the magnitude of effect diminishes with better controls for physical well-being and previous service use. Identifying HIV patients with symptoms of affective or anxiety disorders may reduce overall treatment costs modestly.
Comparison of the Recombinant Escherichia coli-Produced Protease Domain of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator with Alteplase, Reteplase and Streptokinase in a Canine Model of Coronary Artery Thrombolysis

Summary Recent in vitro studies have shown that although recombinant Escherichia coli-produced protease domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has no appreciable fibrin binding and less plasmin-forming activity compared to the wild-type, it is nevertheless an effective fibrinolytic agent in a dynamic in vitro plasma clot lysis system. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacological profile of the protease in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. The effects of a single i.v. bolus injection of 1 mg/kg protease were compared with those of alteplase, reteplase and streptokinase at clinically relevant doses and dosing regimens in eight dogs per group. The protease rapidly restored coronary blood flow at 12 ± 1 min in all treated dogs with a significantly higher maximal coronary blood flow than in the reference groups, but was associated with short cycles of reocclusion in 4/8 animals. Overall, the coronary blood flow quality of the protease was not significantly different from that of the reference thrombo-lytics. Although fibrinogen was nearly completely degraded during protease treatment, the bleeding time was not significantly more prolonged than in reference groups. In conclusion, the protease domain is a rapidly acting, effective, bolus-injectable thrombolytic agent associated with a systemic lytic state and does not appear to cause significantly more bleeding than the reference thrombolytic agents.
Using Traceability to Enhance Mutation Analysis Dedicated to Model Transformation

Techniques initially used for programs require modifications to be properly used with to model transformation characteristics. Mutation analysis is one of these techniques. IIt aims to qualify a test data set by analyzing the execution results of intentionally faulty program versions. If the degree of qualification is not satisfactory, the test data set has to be improved. This step is currently relatively fastidious and manually performed. In this paper, we propose an approach based on traceability mechanisms to ease the test model set improvement in the mutation analysis process. A benchmark shows that the part of the input model to change is automatically and quickly identified. A new model is then created in order to raise the quality of the test data set.
Proteomics of nonmodel plant species

Until recently, large scale proteomic investigations in the plant field have only been possible for a few model species for which the whole genome sequence had been fully determined. In contrast, for many other species with a strong economic interest as sources of human food and animal feed, as well as industrial and pharmacological molecules, little was known about their genome sequence and identifying the proteome in these species was still considered challenging. However, progress has been made as a result of several recent advances in proteomics tools, e.g. in MS technology and data search programs, and the increasing availability of genomic and cDNA sequences from various species. Moreover, next‐generation sequencing technologies now make it possible to rapidly determine, at a reasonable cost, the genome or RNA sequence of species not currently considered as models, thus considerably expanding the plant sequence databases. This review will show how these advances make it possible to identify a large set of proteins, even for species for which few sequences are currently available.
Applying the COM-B behaviour model and behaviour change wheel to develop an intervention to improve hearing-aid use in adult auditory rehabilitation

Abstract Objectives: To introduce a psychological model of behaviour; the COM-B model and describe how this has been used in combination with the behaviour change wheel (BCW) in developing an intervention which aims to promote regular, long-term use of hearing aids by adults with acquired hearing loss. Design: Qualitative structured interview study using the COM-B model to identify the determinants of behavioural planning on the part of audiologists; a potentially important factor in encouraging long-term hearing-aid use. Study sample: Ten audiologists drawn from a random sample of five English audiology departments. Results: The analysis suggests that behavioural planning might be more likely to occur if audiologists’ psychological capability, physical and social opportunity, and reflective and automatic motivation were addressed. This analysis forms the basis of an intervention design, using the BCW, to encourage behavioural planning by audiologists and subsequent hearing-aid use by people with hearing loss. Conclusions: The COM-B model and BCW can be applied successfully in the context of audiology to analyse the behaviour of both people with hearing loss and professionals working with them, supplying information that is being used in intervention design. The effectiveness of the intervention will be tested in a clinical trial.
Regulatory elements in the first intron of the mouse ha‐ras gene

The Ha‐ras gene is one of the three oncogenes (Ha‐ras, Ki‐ras, and N‐ras) of the ras superfamily of small G proteins. The p21ras proteins encoded by the ras genes are key proteins involved in the transduction of signals from membrane receptor‐tyrosine kinases to downstream targets. The ras genes seem to play a ubiquitous role in the control of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. At the same time, ras genes may perform specific differentiated functions in certain cell types. Little is known about the regulation of expression of the Ha‐ras gene. The first intron of the Ha‐ras gene has been reported to be highly conserved between human and rodent. We investigated the role that this intron may play in the regulation of expression of Ha‐ras. The promoter region of the Ha‐ras gene exhibits characteristics of a housekeeping gene. Deletion analysis shows the existence of an enhancer‐type element in the 5′ region of the first intron (intron 0). DNase I footprinting experiments reveal five sites that interact with nuclear proteins from fibroblast and epithelial cell lines. Deletion and site‐directed mutagenesis of three of these sites show that two are involved in a positive effect and one in a negative effect on the regulation of expression of the mouse Ha‐ras gene. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss Inc.
Computer vision vs. human vision

In object recognition (classification), it was known that the human brain processes visual information in semantic space mainly, that is, extracting the semantically meaningful features such as line-segments, boundaries, shape and so on. But by recent information processing techniques, these kinds of features cannot be detected by computers robustly so that in computer vision it's still difficult to process visual information as humans do. Computers have to process visual information in data space formed by the robustly detectable but less meaningful features such as colors, textures etc. Therefore, the processing methodology in computers is quite different from that in human beings. In the talk, we will address the main principle of the image recognition (classification) approach in computer vision, its seedtime, main results and the difficulty faced recently. From digital cameras, there is a huge amount of 2D-image data. In computer object recognition (or classification), the data should be transformed into an object-invariant inner representation. In order to solve the problem, we need two key techniques, i.e., a robust detector and an invariant descriptor. People have attempted to solve the two key techniques for a long time but so far they didn't find any efficient solution. Human visual performances are still superior to that of computer vision greatly in many aspects. So as a future direction, computer vision should learn some things from neuroscience and brain science. We will discuss what computer vision can learn from human vision and how it will be affected by the new interdisciplinary research. We may still face many difficulties in the future.
A data augmentation-based technique to classify chewing and swallowing using LSTM

Obesity is currently a common problem for most countries. It can be controlled if a person’s eating habits are monitored. Eating sounds such as, chewing and swallowing can be used to monitor individual eating habits. Numerous systems have already been developed to automatically classify chewing and swallowing by using information extracted from eating sounds. However, a large amount of well-labeled training data is required to achieve better accuracy, and manually labeling the eating sound data requires immense time. This study proposed a classification system based on the data augmentation technique to automatically generate a large amount of training data. The newly generated data could then be used along with the labeled data to train the long short-term memory (LSTM) network to classify chewing and swallowing. This experiment compared a system trained only with the labeled data and its results revealed the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
KGR^4: Retrieval, Retrospect, Refine and Rethink for Commonsense Generation

Generative commonsense reasoning requires machines to generate sentences describing an everyday scenario given several concepts, which has attracted much attention recently. However, existing models cannot perform as well as humans, since sentences they produce are often implausible and grammatically incorrect. In this paper, inspired by the process of humans creating sentences, we propose a novel Knowledge-enhanced Commonsense Generation framework, termed KGR4, consisting of four stages: Retrieval, Retrospect, Refine, Rethink. Under this framework, we first perform retrieval to search for relevant sentences from external corpus as the prototypes. Then, we train the generator that either edits or copies these prototypes to generate candidate sentences, of which potential errors will be fixed by an autoencoder-based refiner. Finally, we select the output sentence from candidate sentences produced by generators with different hyper-parameters. Experimental results and in-depth analysis on the CommonGen benchmark strongly demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework. Particularly, KGR4 obtains 33.56 SPICE in the official leaderboard, outperforming the previously-reported best result by 2.49 SPICE and achieving state-of-the-art performance. We release the code at https://github.com/DeepLearnXMU/KGR-4.
Hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency results in bone marrow failure caused by apoptosis and RIPK3-mediated necroptosis

Significance Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is involved in TNF signaling and interacts with the related RIPK3 to regulate cell death and inflammation. RIPK1 has kinase-independent prosurvival and kinase-dependent prodeath functions. To identify the lineages that depend on RIPK1 for survival, we generated conditional Ripk1 mice. Acute Ripk1 deletion results in rapid death of the animal caused by extensive cell death in the intestinal and hematopoietic lineages. A hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency stimulates proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production and cell death, resulting in bone marrow failure. Hematopoietic failure is partially rescued by a RIPK3 deficiency, indicating that RIPK1-deficient hematopoietic cells undergo RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. These findings show that in the hematopoietic lineage RIPK1 suppresses RIPK3 activity and suggest that RIPK-dependent necroptosis may contribute to human bone marrow failure syndromes. Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is recruited to the TNF receptor 1 to mediate proinflammatory signaling and to regulate TNF-induced cell death. RIPK1 deficiency results in postnatal lethality, but precisely why Ripk1−/− mice die remains unclear. To identify the lineages and cell types that depend on RIPK1 for survival, we generated conditional Ripk1 mice. Tamoxifen administration to adult RosaCreERT2Ripk1fl/fl mice results in lethality caused by cell death in the intestinal and hematopoietic lineages. Similarly, Ripk1 deletion in cells of the hematopoietic lineage stimulates proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine production and hematopoietic cell death, resulting in bone marrow failure. The cell death reflected cell-intrinsic survival roles for RIPK1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, because Vav-iCre Ripk1fl/fl fetal liver cells failed to reconstitute hematopoiesis in lethally irradiated recipients. We demonstrate that RIPK3 deficiency partially rescues hematopoiesis in Vav-iCre Ripk1fl/fl mice, showing that RIPK1-deficient hematopoietic cells undergo RIPK3-mediated necroptosis. However, the Vav-iCre Ripk1fl/fl Ripk3−/− progenitors remain TNF sensitive in vitro and fail to repopulate irradiated mice. These genetic studies reveal that hematopoietic RIPK1 deficiency triggers both apoptotic and necroptotic death that is partially prevented by RIPK3 deficiency. Therefore, RIPK1 regulates hematopoiesis and prevents inflammation by suppressing RIPK3 activation.