Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring risk and resilience related to health and well-being among youth who live in rural areas : a rapid evidence assessment

Rural communities exist within uniquely complex social, economic and demographic contexts. Youth living in rural areas face higher rates of socio-contextual adversities and greater barriers to optimal health and well-being when compared to urban youth. Previous research indicates that resilience is protective against the risks associated with adversity. This Rapid Evidence Assessment (REA) explored how living in a rural context influences health and wellbeing related risk and resiliency for youth. The analysis produced results within the following six themes: 1) resources for resilience processes, 2) support and connectedness, 3) positive cognitive patterns, 4) rural youth health perspectives, 5) age and gender and 6) the effect of resilience promoting service delivery. The findings confirm that living in a rural context yields a strong influence on the health and wellbeing outcomes in the lives of rural youth. The influences were sometimes identified as a risk factor, at other times such influences became protective. Resources that promote resilience were found to be individual and contextual forces that youth could access to cope with adversity and improve health and well-being outcomes. The uniquely interconnected relational networks that evolved in rural settings, coupled with the importance that youth placed on those networks for providing well-being, could be utilized to better promote resilience. Additionally, the cognitive patterns with which rural youth interpreted themselves and the world around them were important to the formation of resilience and were found to be positively associated with favourable relationships between youth and peers, family, community, and schools. Based on the synthesis of evidence, I propose that there is merit in the provision of health promotion services for youth who live in rural areas that are: 1) resilience promoting, 2) contextually-specific, 3) empowering and respectful, 4) focused on fostering support and
Machine translation for global e-commerce on eBay

This paper describes the application of machine translation in overcoming language barriers for global e-commerce at eBay. We look at how buyers are provided the ability to perform cross-lingual search by translation of their search queries into the language of the listed items. We also show the process of translating item titles and descriptions from the inventory language into the user’s preferred language. We briefly discuss the role of translation in facilitating communication between buyers and sellers. In addition, we highlight the merits of evaluating translation quality together with system performance, which for search favors position-invariant metrics over more widely used translation metrics. Finally, we show how we incorporate user behavior and conversion metrics as part of our system evaluation methodology.
Efficacy of different adsorbents in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in broiler diets

The ability of dietary hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), diatomite and activated charcoal (AC) in reducing the detrimental effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler diets was evaluated. Adsorbents were supplemented at 2.5 g/kg to the diets containing 0, 40 or 80 μg AFB1/kg feed. One hundred and eighty Ross 308, day-old male broilers were assigned to 12 treatments for 42 days. AFB1 at 80 μg/kg feed resulted in a significantly lower body weight gain and feed efficiency than the control group. Addition of HSCAS in the diets significantly diminished the deleterious effects of dietary AFB1. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) activities and total protein concentration in the serum were altered significantly in the birds fed AFB1 80 μg/kg feed. However, there were no significant differences between treatments in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and uric acid and creatinine concentrations in the serum. Liver weights of birds fed diets containing 80 μg AFB 1 /kg feed were significantly higher than those of the control groups. Histological observations on livers from birds consuming AFB 1 at 80 μg/kg feed showed a yellowish colour, portal leucocytic infiltration, congestion, multifocal fatty degeneration, and dysplasia of parenchymal cells with disorganization of the structure. The addition of HSCAS in the diets prevented an increase in the activity of AST and in the weight of livers and also prevented the histopathological changes induced by AFB 1 . However, the addition of diatomite or AC in the diets failed to prevent the harmful effects of AFB 1 . It was concluded that HSCAS is the most effective adsorbent to decrease the negative effects of AFB1 in broiler chickens. Keywords : Aflatoxin B 1 , hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), diatomite, activated charcoal, broiler chickens South African Journal of Animal Science Vol. 36 (4) 2006: pp. 222-228
Pictorial Structures Revisited : Multiple Human Pose Estimation

We address the problem of 3D pose estimation of multiple humans from multiple views. The transition from single to multiple human pose estimation and from the 2D to 3D space is challenging due to a much larger state space, occlusions and across-view ambiguities when not knowing the identity of the humans in advance. To address these problems, we first create a reduced state space by triangulation of corresponding pairs of body parts obtained by part detectors for each camera view. In order to resolve ambiguities of wrong and mixed parts of multiple humans after triangulation and also those coming from false positive detections, we introduce a 3D pictorial structures (3DPS) model. Our model builds on multi-view unary potentials, while a prior model is integrated into pairwise and ternary potential functions. To balance the potentials’ influence, the model parameters are learnt using a Structured SVM (SSVM). The model is generic and applicable to both single and multiple human
28nm advanced CMOS resistive RAM solution as embedded non-volatile memory

A back-end integrated Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) (TiN/HfO2/Ti/TiN) in advanced 28nm CMOS process is evaluated. Significant operating margins and high performances identified at device level (read margin, low power set/reset, endurance and retention) are demonstrated to be significantly reduced on larger statistics, i.e. characterized within 1kbit arrays. The High Resistance State (HRS) dispersion, identified as a limiting factor, is modeled through the “tunneling barrier thickness” variation. The optimization through electrical condition tuning is discussed. A global overview of HfO2 material performances is assessed on statistical basis and projection for larger array integration is discussed.
Genome Sequence of Organophosphorus Pesticide-Degrading Bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain YC-YH1

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas stutzeri strain YC-YH1, isolated from pesticide-polluted soil, efficiently degrades organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) such as chlorpyrifos, parathion-methyl, triazophos, and parathion. Here, we report the genome sequence (4.83 Mb) of P. stutzeri YC-YH1 to facilitate further investigation of the OPP-degrading mechanism.
Moregrasp: restoration of upper limb function in Individuals with High spinal cord injury by Multimodal Neuroprostheses for Interaction in Daily Activities

The aim of the MoreGrasp project is to develop a noninvasive, multimodal user interface including a brain-computer interface (BCI) for intuitive control of a grasp neuroprosthesis to support individuals with high spinal cord injury (SCI) in everyday activities. We describe the current state of the project, including the EEG system, preliminary results of natural movements decoding in people with SCI, the new electrode concept for the grasp neuroprosthesis, the shared control architecture behind the system and the implementation of a user-centered design.
A new protocol for evaluating putative causes for multiple variables in a spatial setting, illustrated by its application to European cancer rates

We introduce a statistical protocol for analyzing spatially varying data, including putative explanatory variables. The procedures comprise preliminary spatial autocorrelation analysis (from an earlier study), path analysis, clustering of the resulting set of path diagrams, ordination of these diagrams, and confirmatory tests against extrinsic information. To illustrate the application of these methods, we present incidence and mortality rates of 31 organ‐ and sex‐specific cancers in Europe; these rates vary markedly with geography and type of cancer. Additionally, we investigated three factors (ethnohistory, genetics, and geography) putatively affecting these rates. The five variables were correlated separately for the 31 cancers over European reporting stations. We analyzed the correlations by path analysis, k‐means clustering, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling; coefficients of the 31 path diagrams modeling the correlations vary substantially. To simplify interpretation, we grouped the diagrams into five clusters, for which we describe the differential effects of the three putative causes on incidence and mortality. When scaled, the path coefficients intergrade without marked gaps between clusters. Ethnic differences make for differences in cancer rates, even when the populations tested are ancient and complex mixtures. Path analysis usefully decomposes a structural model involving effects and putative causes, and estimates the magnitude of the model's components. Smooth intergradation of the path coefficients suggests the putative causes are the results of multiple forces. Despite this continuity of the path diagrams of the 31 cancers, clustering offers a useful segmentation of the continuum. Etiological and other extrinsic information on the cancers map significantly into the five clusters, demonstrating their epidemiological relevance. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:1–16, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Health status and health‐related quality of life in long‐term adult survivors of pediatric solid tumors

We have examined the influence of selected factors (gender, marital status, socio‐economic status, co‐morbid conditions, access to medical care, age at diagnosis, intensity of therapy and time since diagnosis) on subsequent health status and health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of long‐term survivors of pediatric solid tumors. Two hundred and twenty individuals who had survived a pediatric solid tumor 15 years or longer completed telephone and written assessments of their current status. Health status was assessed using the Late Effects of Normal Tissues toxicity scale. HRQL was investigated using the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index–Cancer (QLIC) and the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (QLQ‐C30). Results indicated that health status and HRQL were better in survivors treated with low‐intensity therapy. One hundred and thirty respondents (59.1%) reported at least 1 serious toxicity. Dyspnea and fatigue were commonly reported in survivors of Hodgkin's disease. Correlational analyses showed that predictors of health status included socio‐economic status, marital status and the presence of co‐morbid factors. Mean HRQL scores for the 4 domains of the Ferrans and Powers QLIC and the functional scales of the EORTC QLQ‐C30 indicated that most of the survivors were experiencing moderately good to excellent HRQL. One‐third of survivors reported that their history of cancer had an adverse impact on their current financial status. Prediction models constructed for 3 of the domains from the 2 HRQL instruments are presented (health and functioning, global HRQL and financial impact). Within these 3 models, consistent predictors of HRQL outcomes included health status, presence of dyspnea or pain, marital status and socio‐economic status. Int. J. Cancer Suppl. 12:25–31, 1999. ©1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Durability of nasal reconstruction in an adolescent with relapsing polychondritis treated with infliximab.

GUIDELINES Viewpoints, pertaining to issues of general interest, are welcome, even if they are not related to items previously published. Viewpoints may present unique techniques, brief technology updates, technical notes, and so on. Viewpoints will be published on a space-available basis because they are typically less timesensitive than Letters and other types of articles. Please note the following criteria: • Text—maximum of 500 words (not including references) • References—maximum of five • Authors—no more than five • Figures/Tables—no more than two figures and/or one table Authors will be listed in the order in which they appear in the submission. Viewpoints should be submitted electronically via PRS’ enkwell, at www.editorialmanager. com/ prs/. We strongly encourage authors to submit figures in color. We reserve the right to edit Viewpoints to meet requirements of space and format. Any financial interests relevant to the content must be disclosed. Submission of a Viewpoint constitutes permission for the American Society of Plastic Surgeons and its licensees and assignees to publish it in the Journal and in any other form or medium. The views, opinions, and conclusions expressed in the Viewpoints represent the personal opinions of the individual writers and not those of the publisher, the Editorial Board, or the sponsors of the Journal. Any stated views, opinions, and conclusions do not reflect the policy of any of the sponsoring organizations or of the institutions with which the writer is affiliated, and the publisher, the Editorial Board, and the sponsoring organizations assume no responsibility for the content of such correspondence.
Use of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score to predict nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit

ObjectiveTo define infection rates in patients with Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) scores > and <10 on admission to the pediatric ICU (PICU). DesignDescriptive. SettingAn 18-bed PICU admitting patients of all ages except nonsurgical neonates; within a 585-bed tertiary care pediatric hospital. PatientsPatients admitted to the PICU from July 1987 to February 1988 inclusive. Of 685 admitted, 480 were followed for >72 hr. MethodsThe baseline state of the patients on admission was determined by a designated intensivist using the PRISM score. Other variables included age, length of stay, and hospital day of onset of infection. Infections were identified by a designated intensivist who undertook prospective daily bedside observation, chart, radiographic, and laboratory review. Measurements and Main ResultsEqual portions of patients had PRISM scores < and >10. Significantly more infections occurred in the high PRISM population (10.8% vs. 3.4%, p < .001). This association held through age, service, and length of stay. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a PRISM score >10 were 75%, 53%, 11%, and 97%, respectively. Bacteremias accounted for 36% of infections, skin/eye/drain site 22%, respiratory 16%, wound 15%, and urine 9%. The most prevalent organisms were coagulase-negative staphylococci (32%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23%), Candida sp. (20%), and S. aureus (9%). ConclusionsA PRISM score >10 on PICU admission characterizes a population within the PICU at increased risk of infection. However, 93% of patients did not develop infection and thus, a negative predictive value of 97% yields little additional information. (Crit Care Med 1991; 19:160)
Corporate Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Governance: A Critical Review

: The past four decades have witnessed an increasing global concern for the environment. The growing public concern over the natural environment substantially increased awareness of corporate environmental responsibility, which accordingly triggered the need for environmental accounting and reporting. Corporate environmental disclosure has been a significant area of academic interest, and has accumulated a substantial literature since the 1970s. Environmental disclosures are influenced by a variety of explanatory factors. Previous research has acknowledged that good corporate governance is associated with increased transparency and credible financial disclosure. Through a review of the prior literature, this paper investigates the impact of corporate governance characteristics on the quantity and quality of corporate environmental disclosure practices in companies’ annual reports. The review highlights the distinct nature of corporate environmental disclosure items, the different types of environmental information content, as well as the different areas of activity to which the environmental disclosure relates. However, discussion and analysis of the relationship in question revealed the failure of prior research to establish consistent and conclusive results. Implications and potential prospects are identified for future research.
Review of recent development of minature and multi-band antennas for mobile handsets

The antenna applied in a smart mobile phone is desired with low profile and wide frequency bandwidth. Antennas proposed in recent five years are studies with respect of constructure and frequency bandwidth. The antennas are summarized in terms of three types, the metal strip antenna, the PCB antenna, and the hybrid of the former two. Techniques to increase antenna bandwidth are analyzed together with limitations in size reduction.
Bandwidth-Tunable Single-Carrier UWB Monocycle Generation Using a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a novel scheme of bandwidth-variable ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycle generation, using a semiconductor-optical-amplifier (SOA)-based nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM). In our scheme, the probe light is split into two parts by the NOLM, and both of them are phase modulated by the pump light due to the cross-phase modulation in the SOA. An extra phase difference between these two parts is also introduced by tuning the polarization controller within the loop. When both parts interfere at the NOLM output port, the phase modulation is converted to the intensity modulation with a UWB monocycle waveform. In addition, the bandwidth of the UWB spectrum is variable by tuning the optical delay line within the loop.
"Bent-Tail," A Dominant, Sex-Linked Mutation in the Mouse.

Although sex-linkage in animals is no longer an unusual phenomenon, its apparent rarity in rodents is noteworthy, especially in the intensively studied house mouse and rat. Hauschka, et al.,1 have presented evidence for a sex-linked lethal altering the sex ratio in the house mouse; Falconer2 recently reported a second sex-linked mutation in the house mouse. A third sex-linked mutation, Bent-tail (Bn), in the same species was indicated in a 'preliminary report.3 Additional data on the inheritance of Bent-tail are presented in this report.
Combine Monte Carlo with Exhaustive Search : Effective Variational Inference and Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning

In this paper we discuss very preliminary work on how we can reduce the variance in black box variational inference based on a framework that combines Monte Carlo with exhaustive search. We also discuss how Monte Carlo and exhaustive search can be combined to deal with infinite dimensional discrete spaces. Our method builds upon and extends a recently proposed algorithm that constructs stochastic gradients using local expectations.
Information Technology Assimilation in Firms: The Influence of Senior Leadership and IT Infrastructures

assimilation is regarded as an important outcome in the efforts of firms to leverage the potential of information technologies in their business activities and strategies. Despite significant investments in information technology, considerable diversity exists in how well firms have been able to assimilate IT and leverage the business value of IT. This research draws upon the emerging knowledge-based and resource-based views of the firm to examine the influence of three factors on IT assimilation: (i) quality of senior leadership, (ii) sophisti- cation of IT infrastructures, and (iii) organizational size. Drawing upon a large-scale sample survey where responses were obtained from CIOs and senior business executives who were members of the firms' top management teams, the study examines a variety of mostly nor- mative prescriptions. The findings provide robust evidence about the impacts of CIOs' busi- ness and IT knowledge on IT assimilation. Further, we find that CIOs' membership in top management teams and their informal interactions with TMT members enhance their knowl- edge, particularly their business knowledge. We find that the intensity of the relationship between CIO's interactions with the top management team and their level of IT and business knowledge is much stronger in firms that articulate a transformational IT vision. The sophis- tication of IT infrastructures was also found to significantly impact IT assimilation. Surpris- ingly, the IT knowledge of senior business executives was not found to be a significant influ- ence on IT assimilation. The implications of these findings for evolving a deeper understanding of the dynamics underlying IT assimilation are presented.
Progressive development of the rat osteoblast phenotype in vitro: Reciprocal relationships in expression of genes associated with osteoblast proliferation and differentiation during formation of the bone extracellular matrix

The relationship of cell proliferation to the temporal expression of genes characterizing a developmental sequence associated with bone cell differentiation was examined in primary diploid cultures of fetal calvarial derived osteoblasts by the combined use of autoradiography, histochemistry, biochemistry, and mRNA assays of osteoblast cell growth and phenotypic genes. Modifications in gene expression define a developmental sequence that has 1) three principle periods–;proliferation, extracellular matrix maturation, and mineralization–;and 2) two restriction points to which the cells can progress but cannot pass without further signal–;the first when proliferation is down‐regulated and gene expression associated with extracellular matrix maturation is induced, and the second when mineralization occurs. Initially, actively proliferating cells, expressing cell cycle‐and cell growth‐regulated genes, produce a fibronectin/type I collagen extracel‐lular matrix. A reciprocal and functionally coupled relationship between the decline in proliferative activity and the subsequent induction of genes associated with matrix maturation and mineralization is supported by 1) a temporal sequence of events in which there is an enhanced expression of alkaline phos‐phatase immediately following the proliferative period, and later, an increased expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin at the onset of mineralization; 2) increased expression of a specific subset of osteoblast phenotype markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteopontin, when proliferation is inhibited by hydroxyurea; and 3) enhanced levels of expression of the osteoblast markers as a function of ascorbic acid‐induced collagen deposition, suggesting that the extracellular matrix contributes to both the shutdown of proliferation and the development of the osteoblast phenotype.