Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
University of Groningen High Resolution In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging for the Study of Bacterial Tumour Targeting

The ability to track microbes in real time in vivo is of enormous value for preclinical investigations in infectious disease or gene therapy research. Bacteria present an attractive class of vector for cancer therapy, possessing a natural ability to grow preferentially within tumours following systemic administration. Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI) represents a powerful tool for use with bacteria engineered to express reporter genes such as lux. BLI is traditionally used as a 2D modality resulting in images that are limited in their ability to anatomically locate cell populations. Use of 3D diffuse optical tomography can localize the signals but still need to be combined with an anatomical imaging modality like micro-Computed Tomography (mCT) for interpretation. In this study, the non-pathogenic commensal bacteria E.coli K-12 MG1655 and Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003, or Salmonella Typhimurium SL7207 each expressing the luxABCDE operon were intravenously (IV) administered to mice bearing subcutaneous (s.c) FLuc-expressing xenograft tumours. Bacterial lux signal was detected specifically in tumours of mice post IV-administration and bioluminescence correlated with the numbers of bacteria recovered from tissue. Through whole body imaging for both lux and FLuc, bacteria and tumour cells were co-localised. 3D BLI and mCT image analysis revealed a pattern of multiple clusters of bacteria within tumours. Investigation of spatial resolution of 3D optical imaging was supported by ex vivo histological analyses. In vivo imaging of orally-administered commensal bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also achieved using 3D BLI. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential to simultaneously image multiple BLI reporter genes three dimensionally in vivo using approaches that provide unique information on spatial locations. Citation: Cronin M, Akin AR, Collins SA, Meganck J, Kim J-B, et al. (2012) High Resolution In Vivo Bioluminescent Imaging for the Study of Bacterial Tumour Targeting. PLoS ONE 7(1): e30940. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0030940 Editor: Efstathios Karathanasis, Case Western Reserve University, United States of America Received September 26, 2011; Accepted December 26, 2011; Published January 25, 2012 Copyright: 2012 Cronin et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors wish to acknowledge support relevant to this manuscript from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme (PIOF-GA-2009255466) and the Irish Health Research Board (HRA_POR/2010/138). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: AA, JM, J-BK, NZ and KF are employees of Caliper Life Sciences. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. * E-mail: m.tangney@ucc.ie
Variational Background Modeling Using Grid Point Sampling for Document Image Binarization

— Historical and degraded documents have varying background due to poor and uneven illumination, ageing of paper etc. Global thresholding methods give poor binarization results for these documents. Local binarization methods which are adaptive give enhanced results. Many image binarization algorithms and techniques are proposed in the literature. In this paper a new binarization technique is proposed and is compared with few standard techniques. The varying background is modeled based on the observation that the text pixels constitute less compared to the background pixels in document images. This technique is faster due to fewer computations and shows improved binarized image compared to standard adaptive binarization methods.
Performance analysis of the AODV ad hoc routing protocol in a dual radio network

Existing ad hoc routing protocols supports multiple radio interfaces, but they are designed for radio interfaces with similar properties. In contrast, in a typical usage scenario the interfaces will have different properties. There will be a need for longer range resulting in a lower bandwidth, while some applications will have higher capacity requirements but for nodes in close proximity. A solution may be to use one interface with low bandwidth and long range for example in the UHF band, whilst the other interface has a higher bandwidth and shorter range in the VHF or SHF band. Such a solution will not be energy efficient, so it will be feasible only for vehicle-mounted radios like in tactical military or emergency service networks. With the shortest path routing, the long range interfaces tend to be selected. The traffic is therefore shifted towards the links with the lowest capacity. Firstly, we analyze and illustrate the problem for the typical reactive routing protocol, AODV. Secondly, we propose two techniques that take the underlying radio capacity into account when a new route is established. Compared to original AODV, the proposed algorithms provide higher network throughput, less routing overhead, less end-to-end delay and still provides connectivity. The applicability to this approach is one of practical interest to scenarios where nodes are typically unevenly distributed; a network where some nodes only are reachable over long range radios, while others are also reachable over short range high capacity radios.
The optimized method of cluster-head deployment based on GA-WCA in Wireless Sensor Networks

In WSN, cluster heads deployment influences the performance of WSNs(Wireless Sensor Networks). Taking the relation between the position and load of cluster heads into account, this paper proposes the idea of common nodes are prior placed, cluster heads with more energy and communication capability are deployed according to the special relation of common nodes, and designs a cluster heads deployment based on Genetic Algorithm and Weighed Clustering Algorithm(GA-WCA), in which the position of cluster heads will be decided by GA, and nodes selection within a cluster will be decided by WCA. The simulation result verifies the availability of this algorithm, when under the constraint condition of ideal load of cluster heads and balanced load between cluster heads, the optimal deployment of cluster heads can be realized.
Segmentation of the Blood Vessel and Optic Disc in Retinal Images Using EM Algorithm

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and hypertension are eye disease which is harmful and causes pressure in eye nerve and finally blindness. With the invention of new systems and the developing of new technologies the research in the medicine field had a great impulse. In particular, the development of the medical imaging field has been revolutionary with the availability of new techniques to acquire and process digital images. This revolution have required of significant innovation in computational techniques for the different aspects of image processing. Retinal image investigation is actually more and more dominant for nonintrusive prognosis approach inside modern day ophthalmology. On this paper, provide a book approach to be able to segment blood vessel and also optic disk inside the fundus retinal photos by making use of EM algorithm. The morphology with the blood vessels and optic disk is actually an essential warning intended for diseases similar to diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and also hypertension. Using this method requires seeing that very first action this extraction with the retina vascular tree when using the graph cut approach. The blood vessels details is actually next used to appraisal the placement with the optic disk. The optic disk segmentation is carried out utilizing two choice procedures: Expectation maximization (EM) method and morphological operation.
Uncertainty, Skill, and Analysts' Dynamic Forecasting Behavior

We study the risk-taking behavior of stock analysts under varying market conditions. We examine how the risk analysts take by providing bold forecasts that deviate from consensus depends on the degree of uncertainty in the environment as well as the analysts’ skill level. We provide evidence that low-skill analysts become significantly bolder, hence taking more risk, and significantly less accurate when market uncertainty increases. These findings are consistent with previous experimental results that show that skill levels moderate differential attitudes towards uncertainty. We further provide evidence that the difference in an analyst’s boldness between times of low and high uncertainty is a signal of the analyst’s skill that predicts future forecasting accuracy over and above standard skill measures such as past forecasting accuracy.
Manipulation tasks with a dual arm system including obstacles removing

The paper deals with the problem of planning movements of a two-hand system, considering the possibility of using one hand to remove potential obstacles in order to grasp a desired object with the other hand. The approach is based on a Probabilistic Road Map that does not rule out samples implying collisions with removable objects but instead classify them according to the collided obstacle(s), and allows the search of free paths with the indication of which objects must be removed from the workspace to make the path be actually valid. The approach has been implemented and different tests were performed with considering a real two-hand robotic system with one hand in charge of grasping a desired object and the other in charge of removing the potential obstacles. Some running examples both in simulation and a real workcell are presented in the paper using simulations and real experimentations.
A Small Molecule Inhibitor Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Cells Transformed by High Risk Human Papilloma Viruses

A phenotypic high-throughput cell culture screen was performed to identify compounds that prevented proliferation of the human Papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) transformed cell line Ca Ski. A series of quinoxaline compounds exemplified by Compound 1 was identified. Testing against a panel of cell lines demonstrated that Compound 1 selectively inhibited replication of all HPV-16, HPV-18, and HPV-31 transformed cell lines tested with 50% Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) values of 2 to 8 μM relative to IC50 values of 28 to 73 μM in HPV-negative cell lines. Treatment with Compound 1 resulted in a cascade of multiple apoptotic events, including selective activation of effector caspases 3 and 7, fragmentation of cellular DNA, and PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) cleavage in HPV-positive cells relative to HPV-negative cells. Unregulated proliferation of HPV transformed cells is dependent on the viral oncogenes, E6 and E7. Treatment with Compound 1 resulted in a decrease in HPV E7 protein in Ca Ski cells. However, the timing of this reduction relative to other effects of compound treatment suggests that this was a consequence, rather than a cause, of the apoptotic cascade. Likewise, compound treatment resulted in no obvious effects on the E6- and E7- mediated down regulation of p53 and Rb, or their downstream effectors, p21 or PCNA. Further investigation of apoptotic signals induced by Compound 1 revealed cleavage of Caspase-8 in HPV-positive cells as early as 2 hours post-treatment, suggesting the compound initiates apoptosis through the extrinsic, death receptor-mediated, pathway of cell death. These studies provide proof of concept that cells transformed by oncogenic Papillomaviruses can be selectively induced to undergo apoptosis by compound treatment.
Interactive Visual Exploration of Topic Models using Graphs

Probabilistic topic modeling is a popular and powerful family of tools for uncovering thematic structure in large sets of unstructured text documents. While much attention has been directed towards the modeling algorithms and their various extensions, comparatively few studies have concerned how to present or visualize topic models in meaningful ways. In this paper, we present a novel design that uses graphs to visually communicate topic structure and meaning. By connecting topic nodes via descriptive keyterms, the graph representation reveals topic similarities, topic meaning and shared, ambiguous keyterms. At the same time, the graph can be used for information retrieval purposes, to find documents by topic or topic subsets. To exemplify the utility of the design, we illustrate its use for organizing and exploring corpora of financial patents.
Modified Look‐Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) for high‐resolution T1 mapping of the heart

A novel pulse sequence scheme is presented that allows the measurement and mapping of myocardial T1 in vivo on a 1.5 Tesla MR system within a single breath‐hold. Two major modifications of conventional Look‐Locker (LL) imaging are introduced: 1) selective data acquisition, and 2) merging of data from multiple LL experiments into one data set. Each modified LL inversion recovery (MOLLI) study consisted of three successive LL inversion recovery (IR) experiments with different inversion times. We acquired images in late diastole using a single‐shot steady‐state free‐precession (SSFP) technique, combined with sensitivity encoding to achieve a data acquisition window of <200 ms duration. We calculated T1 using signal intensities from regions of interest and pixel by pixel. T1 accuracy at different heart rates derived from simulated ECG signals was tested in phantoms. T1 estimates showed small systematic error for T1 values from 191 to 1196 ms. In vivo T1 mapping was performed in two healthy volunteers and in one patient with acute myocardial infarction before and after administration of Gd‐DTPA. T1 values for myocardium and noncardiac structures were in good agreement with values available from the literature. The region of infarction was clearly visualized. MOLLI provides high‐resolution T1 maps of human myocardium in native and post‐contrast situations within a single breath‐hold. Magn Reson Med 52:141–146, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel H6 topology and Its modulation strategy for transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverters

With the rapid development of advanced power electronics technology and photovoltaic power systems, transformerless photovoltaic (TPV) inverters have been widely used due to the advantages in weight, size, efficiency and so on. However, there exists common-mode leakage current in TPV inverters, which should be satisfied the DIN VDE0126-1-1 standard. A novel H6 topology (H6-N) with dedicated modulation strategy for the TPV inverter is proposed to make the TPV inverter generate smaller common-mode leakage current comparing with the existed TPV inverter topologies and achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) of output current. The common-mode voltage (CMV), common-mode leakage current and power losses of the single-phase TPV inverters with H6-N, H5 and HERIC topologies are compared respectively via simulation analysis. Finally, a universal prototype of TPV inverter using H6-N topology is built and tested to validate the effectiveness of the presented topology.
The correlation between faith and self-esteem with shamans and supernatural power

This research aims to provide empirical data about the relation between faith and self-esteem with shamans and their supernatural power among the tribal-based religious community in North Sumatra. The main issue this research tackles is that in this modern society, there are those who still trust and use shamans and their supernatural power termed “Begu Ganjang”. Despite this, the development of the global economy can often cause difficulty, and as such, humans must possess the ability to survive and to overcome problems, in a term known as the “Adversity Quotient” (AQ). However, instead of using their AQ, some individuals with low self-esteem tend to place more faith in shamans and supernatural powers. This study uses a quantitative approach in the form of a questionnaire. By using either a Purposive or Judgmental Sampling method, from 600 people asked, there were answers from a total of 100 respondents (50 men and 50 women) from each of the following tribes in North Sumatra: Batak Toba, Mandailing, Pakpak, Simalungun, Karo, and Nias. The study applied SEM to analyze the relationship between endogenous variables of faith and self-esteem with the shaman and Begu Ganjang. The study found that the relation of faith to shamans = 0.19, and faith to Begu Ganjang = 0.00. This means that there is a small relation between faith and shaman, while there is no relation between faith and Begu Ganjang. Furthermore, the relation of self-esteem to shaman = - 0.13, and self-esteem to Begu Ganjang = - 0.06. The result of this study shows the following: 1) There is a correlation between the growth of the respondent’s faith and their trust in the shaman, and 2) The decrease of trust in shamans and Begu Ganjang will occur only if the respondent’s self-esteem increases. Finally, the results of this study may act as a point of reference for other studies that will examine the phenomenon of syncretism in Indonesia.
Ensuring Fine-Grained Authorized Access Control for Healthcare Applications on Cloud Provisioned Platform

In a cloud provisioned medical healthcare system, it is very important to ensure that resources and sensitive information (such as prescriptions, medical records and lab test data, etc) are accessed by and provided to authorized users and tenants whenever needed to be accessed. By using Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC), not only role of the user but also other attributes, such as which resources he is allowed to access, what actions he is allowed to perform on those resources, what time of the date, whether he is at office or not and so on, are used for the fine-grained access control decision. Global policies are also needed to access and protect patient information from unauthorized access and to provide privacy. This ensures who can access what, under what conditions, and for what purpose. In the proposed system, XACML 3.0 standard is implemented to develop a prototype application. Through cloud computing platform (WSO2 Servers), the system can support the patients and healthcare workers to access the digital health records in hospitals easily by ensuring the patient's privacy and access to information.
Discriminative probabilistic kernel learning for image retrieval

Learning the content-level similarity over images is a fundamental problem in content-based image retrieval, and is highly challenging due to the variance within images. Such variance requires the similarity measure to be adaptive enough. In this paper, we propose a similarity learning approach based on the probabilistic modeling of images. First, we derive the similarity measure, free energy score space kernel (FESS kernel), from the probabilistic models. FESS kernel is essentially the function of the observed data, hidden variable and model parameters, where the hidden variables are very informative and are absent in previous methods. Then, we propose a discriminative learning approach for FESS kernel, encouraging the similarity to take a large value for the image pair with the same label and to take a small value for the image pair with distinct labels. The learned similarity fully exploits the data distribution and class label, and inherits the adaptability. We evaluate the proposed method on three databases. The results validate its competitive performance.
Research on science and technology awards evaluation system based on multi-agent

Science and technology awards evaluation is an important part of government's work, the fairness, reasonableness and accuracy of the result have a direct impact on science and technology awards' results. To ensure the justice and reasonable plays an important social function in science and technology awards' work. With the development of artificial intelligence, Agent and Multi-Agent technology have become more sophisticated, its unique mechanism of self-learning and self-inference has been used in a number of transactions and got a good application. This paper discusses the science and technology awards evaluation system based on Multi-Agent technology.
A task-focused approach to support sharing and interruption recovery in web browsers

Over the last two decades a vast number of services have moved online, and many new services have been created. Previous work shows that many users are overloaded by the number of webpages they use simultaneously. We introduce TabFour, a prototype web browser which integrates three features that address the design requirements identified in an initial design study. Webpages can be grouped into tasks, providing a unified target for resumption after an interruption. Tasks and pages can be annotated, supporting resumption after longer intervals. Finally, tasks can be shared through a simple yet novel web-service, allowing users to share groups of webpages more easily than with existing tools.
Real-time environment representation based on Occupancy Grid temporal analysis using a Dense Stereo-Vision System

We propose an environment representation technique by Temporal Analysis of the Occupancy Grid using a Dense Stereo-Vision System. The proposed method takes into account both the 3D information provided by the Occupancy Grid and the ego-car parameters. We use a method for computing the differences between the previous and current frames and compute an evidence space called Occupancy Grid Difference Map. Based on the difference map we created a reasoning component to generate an improved 2.5D model by representing the environment as a set of polylines with the associated static and dynamic features.
"So What are "We" Working On?" Pronouns as a Way of Re-Examining Composing

The encounters of writing center tutors and clients, this essay argues, are tensional, asymmetrical, and productive negotiations of a coauthored we. As authorship and authorization are discursive processes, we offer an empirical examination of how personal pronouns mark important shifts in the dynamic creation of a shared academic manuscript in writing center consultations. Though it is tempting to analyze the work of we as simply inclusive, our analysis proposes that we is multifunctional, periodically signaling collaborative affiliation and disaffiliation, marking the negotiation of coauthorship, implying shared identity, and acting as an indicator of institutional discourse.
Virtual electrotechnologic factory as a tool for e-learning

This paper represent an approach of applying the graphical visualization methods to the educational process. The Virtual electrotechnologic factory is created based on theory and contains the theory itself. The technology utilized during the process of the development was the Flash multimedia platform. This allowed us to visualize all the theoretical processes, logically connect them and link them with other multimedia content such as animations, video, still images or audio. Moreover factory was created in two language versions and possibility of offline and online usage is available. Virtually all the content is loaded into the factory from external folders and thus allows easy editing without the need to access the Flash source files. This method of visualizing educational material may be used for other areas of education.