Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Timing and Strength of MM5 and Eta Surface Trough Passages over the Eastern Pacific

Abstract The timing and strength of surface troughs forecast by the Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction's (NCEP's) Eta Model are evaluated over the eastern Pacific during the 1997–2000 cool seasons (Sep–Mar). The troughs are verified by comparing observations from eight offshore buoys with 3–48-h model forecasts. An automated approach is used to identify trough events by setting thresholds for 3-hourly cyclonic wind shifts and pressure rises. The mean timing errors (biases) for surface troughs in the 36-km resolution MM5 domain are 1–2 h early (negative) to the north of 42°N and near the coast, and 0.5–1.0 h late (positive) over the offshore waters to the south of 42°N. The mean absolute timing errors range from 2–3 h for the southern offshore sites to 4–5 h over northern offshore waters as well as near steep coastal terrain. For stronger trough events, the MM5 trough mean errors.
Multi-class fuzzy support vector machine based on dismissing margin

A new method, multi-class fuzzy support vector machine of dismissing margin (DMFSVM) based on class-center, is proposed aiming at the outliers and noises which appear in the large quantity samples. Compared with traditional SVM, this new method eliminates the sensibility of optimal separating hyperplane. It weeds out some sample points which may not be support vectors. And this will be able to decrease the corresponding optimization problem dimension, reduce the memory and the amount of computation, but increase the training speed. At the same time, the new algorithm adopts fuzzy membership function of decreasing Semi-Cauchy type. The advantages are through regulating parameters of fuzzy factor suitably according to the specific circumstances to make the fuzzy factor of isolated points smaller and the fuzzy factor of support vectors larger relatively. So this method can fit the characteristics of fuzzy classification well.
KINETICS OF METAL DISSOCIATION IN THE YEAST Cu 2 , Zn 2-SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE

The inactivation and metal depletion of the yeast Cu2,Zn2-superoxide dismutase have been examined in the presence of a number of chelating reagents. Total inactivation and metal depletion occurred only at pH < 3.5. The loss of enzyme activity exhibited biphasic kinetics and was directly related to the rate of loss of copper from the protein. Two rate constants characterized also the dissociation of zinc from the native enzyme. At low pH, in the absence of chelating reagents, there is a fifty percent reduction in dismutase activity and a concommitant decrease in the metal concentration to one equivalent each of copper and zinc per mole dimer. It is apparent that the dissociation constants for the copper-protein and zinc-protein complexes differ between the subunits of the dimeric enzyme. Comparison of the hydrodymanic and optical properties of the native and apo-SOD reveals changes in the structure and stability of the protein as a result of metal removal.
Identification and Characterization of a Widely Expressed Form of Adenylyl Cyclase*

A novel mammalian adenylyl cyclase was identified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction amplification using degenerate primers based on a conserved region of previously described adenylyl cyclases (Premont, R. T. (1994) Methods Enzymol. 238, 116-127). The full-length cDNA sequence obtained from mouse brain predicts a 1353-amino acid protein possessing a 12-membrane span topology, and containing two regions of high similarity with the catalytic domains of adenylyl cyclases. Comparison of this novel adenylyl cyclase with the eight previously described mammalian enzymes indicates that this type 9 adenylyl cyclase sequence is the most divergent, defining a sixth distinct subclass of mammalian adenylyl cyclases. The AC9 gene has been localized to human chromosome band 16p13.3-13.2. The 8.5-kb mRNA encoding the type 9 adenylyl cyclase is widely distributed, being readily detected in all tissues tested, and is found at very high levels in skeletal muscle and brain. AC9 mRNA is found throughout rat brain but is particularly abundant in hippocampus, cerebellum, and neocortex. An antiserum directed against the carboxyl terminus of the type 9 adenylyl cyclase detects native and expressed recombinant AC9 protein in tissue and cell membranes. Levels of the AC9 protein are highest in mouse brain membranes. Characterization of expressed recombinant AC9 reveals that the protein is a functional adenylyl cyclase that is stimulated by Mg2+, forskolin, and mutationally activated Gsα. AC9 activity is not affected by Ca2+/calmodulin or by G protein βγ-subunits. Thus AC9 represents a functional G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase found in brain and in most somatic tissues.
Determinants of agricultural technology adoption: Farm households evidence from Niger

This paper investigates the determinants of agricultural technology adoption decisions taken by Nigerian farm households such as improved seeds, inorganic fertilizers and plant protection products. We use the multinomial probit model on cross-sectional data of 1395 farm households that are representative of farm household in Niger. According to the type of agricultural technology, the results showed that agricultural technology adoption decisions taken by farm households were determined by the age and education level of the farm household head, the size of the farm household, the membership of agricultural cooperative, the number of plots owned, the level of farm household income and wealth, the plot size, the types of soil on the plot, the plots located on the valley and gentle slope, and the land tenure status. Key words: Adoption, agricultural technology, farm households, multinomial probit, Niger.
The G-protein-coupled neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 is highly dynamic in lipid membranes as revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

In spite of the recent success in crystallizing several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a comprehensive biophysical characterization of these molecules under physiological conditions also requires the study of the molecular dynamics of these proteins. The molecular mobility of the human neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) membranes was investigated by means of solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Static (15) N NMR spectra show that the receptor performs axially symmetric motions in the membrane, and several residues undergo large amplitude fluctuations. This was confirmed by quantitative measurements of the motional (1) H,(13) C order parameter of the CH, CH2 , and CH3 groups. In directly polarized (13) C NMR experiments, these order parameters showed astonishingly low values of SCH =0.55, S CH 2=0.33, and S CH 3=0.17, which corresponds to segmental amplitudes of approximately 50° in the backbone and approximately 50-60° in the side chain. At physiological temperature, (2) H NMR spectra of the deuterated receptor showed a narrow component that is indicative of molecular order parameters of S≤0.3 superimposed with a very broad spectrum that could stem from the transmembrane α-helices. These results suggest that the crystal structures of GPCRs only represent a static snapshot of these highly mobile molecules, which undergo significant structural fluctuations with relatively large amplitudes in a liquid-crystalline membrane at physiological temperature.
Medical image segmentation schemes for the analysis of gynaecological malignancies

Medical imaging yields numerous contributions in modern, state-of-the-art cancer care. It plays a vital role in screening, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups. Image segmentation is the pre-processing task for many computer assisted medical imaging applications. It automates or facilitates the demarcation of anatomical structures and other regions of interest in medical images. We illustrate herein a critical review of few such methods, which are very promising and vigorously researched methods for medical image segmentation. These methods are highly analytical and involve extensive computations, which make the solutions less intuitive for the practitioners and hard to compare their applicability. To find the applicability of such methods in the analysis of gynaecological malignancies, numerous experiments have been conducted on contrast enhanced computed tomography CECT images collected for gynaecological cancer patients. The results reveal the strengths and limitations of such methods in extracting the regions of interest for the analysis of gynaecological cancers.
Visualisation et classification des parcours de vie

Résumé. Cet article propose une méthodologie pour la visualisation et la classification des parcours de vie. Plus spécifiquement, nous considérons les parcours de vie d’individus suisses nés durant la première moitié du XXème siècle en utilisant les données provenant de l’enquête biographique rétrospective menée en 2002 par le Panel suisse de ménages. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur ces événements du parcours de vie : le départ du foyer parental, la naissance du premier enfant, le premier mariage et le premier divorce. A partir des données de base sur ces événements, nous discutons de leur transformation en séquences d’états. Nous présentons ensuite notre méthodologie pour extraire de la connaissance des parcours de vie. Cette méthodologie repose sur des distances calculées par un algorithme d’optimal matching. Ces distances sont ensuite utilisées pour la classification des parcours de vie et leur visualisation à l’aide de techniques de « Multi Dimensional Scaling ». Cet article s’intéresse en particulier aux problématiques entourant l’application de ces méthodes aux données de parcours de vie.
Toward an Explanation of Observed Ethnic Differences in Youths' Tobacco Use

Abstract We examined whether differences in smoking rates of Asian and white/Caucasian youth could be explained by personal (gender, employment status, volunteerism, parental education, and income) and social factors including differences in youths' relationships with their parents, extent of enculturation, and exposure to parental or peer smoking. A survey was conducted of a random sample of schools in 2 cities in British Columbia, Canada to obtain data from 3,278 high school students. Results from logistic regression analysis indicated smoking status was explained by place of birth, volunteerism, amount of income received from parents and employers, characteristics of the parental-child relationship, and parental and peer smoking status. Differences in the estimated risks of smoking of Asian youth and white youth were moderated by the youths' willingness to tell their parents about their lives, whether they worked for pay, and whether the Asian youth spoke English at home.
Influence des conditions de bord dans les réseaux d'automates booléens à seuil et application à la biologie

Dans cette these, nous nous interessons a l'influence des conditions de bords dans les reseaux d'automates booleens a seuil, qui sont des objets mathematiques discrets classiquement utilises pour modeliser les systemes de regulation biologiques. L'objectif est de mettre en evidence que les elements determinant les bords de ces reseaux, que l'on peut rapprocher dans le contexte biologique de potentiels electriques, d'hormones ou encore de micro-ARN, sont des composants d'un systeme dont l'effet peut etre primordial sur le comportement de ce dernier. Cet objectif est atteint en suivant deux axes distincts. Le premier consiste a montrer les liens entre l'influence des conditions de bord et les transitions de phase emergeant du comportement asymptotique de reseaux theoriques, a savoir des reseaux d'automates cellulaires. Le deuxieme axe se focalise sur les systemes biologiques reels et developpe l'idee selon laquelle les conditions de bord dans ces systemes ont une influence particuliere sur les bassins d'attraction des systemes dynamiques par lesquels ces systemes sont modelises.
Investigating Relationship between Accruals, Cash Flow and Profitability with Stock Return in Firms Accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange

Accruals are non-cash items of income and represent adjustments made for cash flows that do not create a benchmark for profits that are generally influenced by matuarity and cash payments, and increase expected returns of profitability and reduction of offsetting liabilities. The results indicate that operating profitability is based on liquidity of profitability factor, and, moreover, adjusted operating profit based on operating cash flow is predicted at current yield stage. An investor can increase a Sharp strategic ratio by adding an adjusted operating profit factor to a larger investment position.
Development of Murine Lupus Involves the Combined Genetic Contribution of the SLAM and FcγR Intervals within the Nba2 Autoimmune Susceptibility Locus

Autoantibodies are of central importance in the pathogenesis of Ab-mediated autoimmune disorders. The murine lupus susceptibility locus Nba2 on chromosome 1 and the syntenic human locus are associated with a loss of immune tolerance that leads to antinuclear Ab production. To identify gene intervals within Nba2 that control the development of autoantibody-producing B cells and to determine the cellular components through which Nba2 genes accomplish this, we generated congenic mice expressing various Nba2 intervals where genes for the FcγR, SLAM, and IFN-inducible families are encoded. Analysis of congenic strains demonstrated that the FcγR and SLAM intervals independently controlled the severity of autoantibody production and renal disease, yet are both required for lupus susceptibility. Deregulated homeostasis of terminally differentiated B cells was found to be controlled by the FcγR interval where FcγRIIb-mediated apoptosis of germinal center B cells and plasma cells was impaired. Increased numbers of activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells that were distinctly CD19+ and promoted plasma cell differentiation via the proinflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IFNα were linked to the SLAM interval. These findings suggest that SLAM and FcγR intervals act cooperatively to influence the clinical course of disease through supporting the differentiation and survival of autoantibody-producing cells.
Fast Scatter Artifacts Correction for Cone-Beam CT without System Modification and Repeat Scan

We provide a fast and accurate scatter artifacts correction algorithm for cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging. The method starts with an estimation of coarse scatter profile for a set of CBCT images. A total-variation denoising algorithm designed specifically for Poisson signal is then applied to derive the final scatter distribution. Qualitatively and quantitatively evaluations using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, experimental CBCT phantom data, and \emph{in vivo} human data acquired for a clinical image guided radiation therapy were performed. Results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce scatter artifacts and recover the correct HU within either projection domain or image domain. Further test shows the method is robust with respect to segmentation procedure.
Emergency Department Presentation of the Pediatric Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Objectives The epidemiology of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in children is poorly understood. We sought to determine national estimates of the incidence of pediatric SIRS and its corresponding clinical etiologies presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) using current definitions. Methods We analyzed ED visits by children younger than 18 years from 2007 to 2010 in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. We used a Bayesian logical framework of prior probability distributions for white blood cell count result to make minimum, moderate, and maximum estimates for pediatric SIRS. Results Taking the minimum and maximum estimates as modified credible intervals, we report an overall incidence of pediatric SIRS presenting to the ED to be 21.7% (95% modified credible interval, 18.1%–25.4%). The national moderate estimate of pediatric ED visits presenting with SIRS was approximately 6.2 million per year. Children with SIRS and without SIRS had similar baseline characteristics, but SIRS patients were younger (2.9 vs 5.5 years; P < 0.0001), had higher triage acuity (emergent, 9.0 vs 6.3%; P < 0.0001), and were more often admitted (7.0 vs 2.4%; P < 0.0001) than children without SIRS. Based on the moderate estimate, infection was the most common (53%) associated etiology, followed by trauma (10%). Other traditional categories of SIRS were extremely rare. Of note, 35% of children with SIRS did not fall into any of the previously established categories. Conclusions Pediatric SIRS is common; its associated clinical contexts include potentially dangerous etiologies; many cases of pediatric SIRS can be recognized in triage; and there is significant heterogeneity in the etiology of pediatric SIRS.
Acetylene on Cu(111): imaging a molecular surface arrangement with a constantly rearranging tip

Acetylene on Cu(111) is investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM); a surface pattern previously derived from diffraction measurements can be validated, if the variation of the STM image transfer function through absorption of an acetylene molecule onto the tip apex is taken into account. Density functional theory simulations point to a balance between short-range repulsive interactions of acetylene/Cu(111) associated with surface stress and longer range attractive interactions as the origin of the ordering.
Investigating the impact of design processes on children

While there is a wealth of information about children's technology and the design processes used to create it, there is a dearth of information regarding how the children who participate in these design processes may be affected by their participation. In this paper, we motivate why studying this impact is important and look at the foundation provided by past research that touches on this topic. We conclude by briefly proposing methods appropriate for studying the impact of the design process on the children involved.
Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta and Virulence of Isolated Strains to Salmonid Fishes

We investigated the presence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in the ovarian fluids of female adults (eight rivers) and the fry kidney tissues (nine hatcheries) of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in Hokkaido, Japan in 2005. F. psychrophilum was detected by culture in 3.3-90.0% of ovarian fluid at all rivers and 5% of kidney tissue at one hatchery, whereas 33.3-100% and 5.0-42.5%, respectively, at all the sampling sites were positive in nested PCR targeting 16S rDNA of F. psychrophilum. Isolated bacteria were identified by an agglutination assay, the nested PCR assay, biochemical tests and PCR targeting gyrB gene. Intraperitoneal injection with 5.3 × 105 to 3.9 × 106 CFU of the isolates/g to chum salmon, rainbow trout O. mykiss and masu salmon O. masou juveniles (5.3-6.4 g) resulted in cumulative mortalities of 10-70%, 4-26%, and 20-95%, respectively. These results suggest that the bacterium is widely distributed at high frequency in adult female chum salmon in Hokkaido and virulent to salmonid fishes.
Spatial Organization of the Core Region of Yeast TFIIIB-DNA Complexes

ABSTRACT The interaction of yeast TFIIIB with the region upstream of theSUP4 tRNATyr gene was extensively probed by use of photoreactive phosphodiesters, deoxyuridines, and deoxycytidines that are site specifically incorporated into DNA. The TATA binding protein (TBP) was found to be in close proximity to the minor groove of a TATA-like DNA sequence that starts 30 nucleotides upstream of the start site of transcription. TBP was cross-linked to the phosphate backbone of DNA from bp −30 to −20 in the nontranscribed strand and from bp −28 to −24 in the transcribed strand (+1 denotes the start site of transcription). Most of the major groove of DNA in this region was shown not to be in close proximity to TBP, thus resembling the binding of TBP to the TATA box, with one notable exception. TBP was shown to interact with the major groove of DNA primarily at bp −23 and to a lesser degree at bp −25 in the transcribed strand. The stable interaction of TBP with the major groove at bp −23 was shown to require the B" subunit of TFIIIB. The S4 helix and flanking region of TBP were shown to be proximal to the major groove of DNA by peptide mapping of the region of TBP cross-linked at bp −23. Thus, TBP in the TFIIIB-SUP4 gene promoter region is bound in the same direction as TBP bound to the TATA box with respect to the transcription start site. The B" and TFIIB-related factor (BRF) subunits of TFIIIB are positioned on opposite sides of the TBP-DNA core of the TFIIIB complex, as indicated by correlation of cross-linking data to the crystal structure of the TBP-TATA box complex. Evidence is given for BRF binding near the C-terminal stirrup of TBP, similar to that of TFIIB near the TBP-TATA box complex. The protein clamp formed around the TBP-DNA complex by BRF and B" would help explain the long half-life of the TFIIIB-DNA complex and its resistance to polyanions and high salt. The path of DNA traversing the surface of TBP at the 3′ end of the TATA-like element in the SUP4 tRNA gene is not the same as that of TBP bound to a TATA box element, as shown by the cross-linking of TBP at bp −23.
Using REIT Data to Assess the Geographic Effects of Mega-events: The Case of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics

This study proposes a new approach based on the capitalization hypothesis to evaluate the geographic effects of a mega-event of interest. The event study method with real estate investment trust (REIT) data allows for an estimation of abnormal returns accruing from serious announcements of hosting a mega-event (e.g. site decision); it also clarifies the relationship between the abnormal return level and the characteristics of a REIT property portfolio, such as location, which allows a prediction to assess the impacts on the value of profitable real estate properties by local areas. I present an empirical example – the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games – and the results are as follows: (1) abnormal returns from the successful bid announcement for Japan REITs are significantly positive on average, (2) whereas the extent decreases as the distance from Tokyo increases, the properties used for hotels and commercial facilities are relatively susceptible to impacts even in areas far from Tokyo and (3) the prediction shows that the announcement increases the asset amount of income-producing real estate in Tokyo-to by 4.7%, corresponding to JPY 3.3 trillion or only 60% of that throughout Japan.