Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of functional stabilization training on pain, function, and lower extremity biomechanics in women with patellofemoral pain: a randomized clinical trial.

STUDY DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of functional stabilization training (FST) versus standard training on knee pain and function, lower-limb and trunk kinematics, trunk muscle endurance, and eccentric hip and knee muscle strength in women with patellofemoral pain. BACKGROUND A combination of hip- and knee-strengthening exercise may be more beneficial than quadriceps strengthening alone to improve pain and function in individuals with patellofemoral pain. However, there is limited evidence of the effectiveness of these exercise programs on the biomechanics of the lower extremity. METHODS Thirty-one women were randomized to either the FST group or standard-training group. Patients attended a baseline assessment session, followed by an 8-week intervention, and were reassessed at the end of the intervention and at 3 months after the intervention. Assessment measures were a 10-cm visual analog scale for pain, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and the single-leg triple-hop test. A global rating of change scale was used to measure perceived improvement. Kinematics were assessed during the single-leg squat. Outcome measures also included trunk endurance and eccentric hip and knee muscle strength assessment. RESULTS The patients in the FST group had less pain at the 3-month follow-up and greater global improvement and physical function at the end of the intervention compared to those in the standard-training group. Lesser ipsilateral trunk inclination, pelvis contralateral depression, hip adduction, and knee abduction, along with greater pelvis anteversion and hip flexion movement excursions during the single-leg squat, were only observed in the FST group after the intervention. Only those in the FST group had greater eccentric hip abductor and knee flexor strength, as well as greater endurance of the anterior, posterior, and lateral trunk muscles, after training. CONCLUSION An intervention program consisting of hip muscle strengthening and lower-limb and trunk movement control exercises was more beneficial in improving pain, physical function, kinematics, and muscle strength compared to a program of quadriceps-strengthening exercises alone.
Buyang Huanwu Decoction regulates neural stem cell behavior in ischemic brain

The traditional Chinese medicine Buyang Huanwu Decoction has been shown to improve the neu-rological function of patients with stroke. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effect remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion and intragastrically administered 5 g/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction, once per day, for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days after cerebral ischemia. Immunohistochemical staining revealed a number of cells positive for the neural stem cell marker nestin in the cerebral cortex, the subven-tricular zone and the ipsilateral hippocampal dentate gyrus in rat models of cerebral ischemia. Buyang Huanwu Decoction significantly increased the number of cells positive for 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), a cell proliferation-related marker, microtubule-associated protein-2, a marker of neuronal differentiation, and growth-associated protein 43, a marker of synaptic plasticity in the ischemic rat cerebral regions. The number of positive cells peaked at 14 and 28 days after intragastric administration of Buyang Huanwu Decoction. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction can promote the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and hance synaptic plasticity in ischemic rat brain tissue.
Revisiting the General Concept of Network Centralities: A Propose for Centrality Analysis in Network Science

Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69 Pasteur St, PO Box 13164, Tehran, Iran Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, PO Box 14115-134, Tehran, Iran Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, North Kargar Street, Tehran 1439957131, Iran Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
Design and development of injection moulding machine for manufacturing maboratory

This paper presented the design process and manufacturing of a benchtop and inexpensive injection moulding machine for use as learning and teaching equipment in a manufacturing laboratory. The design use a vertical plunger type of injection equipped with clamping system. The maximum volume of barrel is 290 cc combined with injection plunger 60 mm provides ideal capacity for lab. The design concept process and preliminary test result are discussed. The flow rate increases with increase of motor speed and the packing time decrease with increase of motor speed. At 2500rpm the flow rate is 0.42m/s and pack time is 15 second.
A Humble Theory and Application for Logic Encryption

Logic encryption is an important hardware security technique that introduces keys to modify a given combinational circuit in order to lock the functionality from unauthorized uses. Traditional methods are all ad hoc approaches based on inserting lock gates with keys on randomly selected signals in the original circuit. Thus, it was not a surprise that a SAT-based attack developed by Subramanyan et al. successfully defeated almost all of them. New approaches such as SARLock and Anti-SAT were then developed to defend against SAT-based attack. However, they are still vulnerable with extremely low error rates. In this paper, we present a theory on logic encryption that provides a complete understanding on the design space and the trade-off between error rate and attack complexity. An efficient general design scheme is derived from the theory and some specific designs are also suggested. We also suggest a method to insert one-way function to burden the SAT engine, and a method to obfuscate the whole design. In addition, as an application of the theory, we also develop a scientific encryption benchmark for approximate attacks. We test our encryption designs and obfuscation techniques by the SAT-based attack, and the results have verified the robustness of our approach.
Adaptive Acceleration of Visually Evoked Smooth Eye Movements in Mice

The optokinetic response (OKR) consists of smooth eye movements following global motion of the visual surround, which suppress image slip on the retina for visual acuity. The effective performance of the OKR is limited to rather slow and low-frequency visual stimuli, although it can be adaptably improved by cerebellum-dependent mechanisms. To better understand circuit mechanisms constraining OKR performance, we monitored how distinct kinematic features of the OKR change over the course of OKR adaptation, and found that eye acceleration at stimulus onset primarily limited OKR performance but could be dramatically potentiated by visual experience. Eye acceleration in the temporal-to-nasal direction depended more on the ipsilateral floccular complex of the cerebellum than did that in the nasal-to-temporal direction. Gaze-holding following the OKR was also modified in parallel with eye-acceleration potentiation. Optogenetic manipulation revealed that synchronous excitation and inhibition of floccular complex Purkinje cells could effectively accelerate eye movements in the nasotemporal and temporonasal directions, respectively. These results collectively delineate multiple motor pathways subserving distinct aspects of the OKR in mice and constrain hypotheses regarding cellular mechanisms of the cerebellum-dependent tuning of movement acceleration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although visually evoked smooth eye movements, known as the optokinetic response (OKR), have been studied in various species for decades, circuit mechanisms of oculomotor control and adaptation remain elusive. In the present study, we assessed kinematics of the mouse OKR through the course of adaptation training. Our analyses revealed that eye acceleration at visual-stimulus onset primarily limited working velocity and frequency range of the OKR, yet could be dramatically potentiated during OKR adaptation. Potentiation of eye acceleration exhibited different properties between the nasotemporal and temporonasal OKRs, indicating distinct visuomotor circuits underlying the two. Lesions and optogenetic manipulation of the cerebellum provide constraints on neural circuits mediating visually driven eye acceleration and its adaptation.
Study of HCI Reliability for PLDMOS

In this paper, we demonstrate electrical degradation due to hot carrier injection (HCI) stress for PLDMOS device. The lower gate current and the IDsat degradation at low gate voltage (VGS) and high drain voltage (VDS) is investigated. Hot Electrons, generated by impact ionization during stress, are injected into the gate oxide, creating negative fixed oxide charges and interface-states above the accumulation region and the channel. Increase of the drain-source current is induced by the negative fixed oxide charges. The physical model of the degradation has been proven combining experimental data and
Implementing automatic coordination on networks of workstations

Distributed shared objects are a well known approach to achieve independence of the memory model for parallel programming. The illusion of shared (global) objects is a convenient abstraction which leads to ease of programming on both kinds of parallel architectures, shared memory and distributed memory machines. We present several different implementation variants for distributed shared objects on distributed platforms. We have considered these variants while implementing a high level parallel programming model known as coordinators (J. Knopp, 1996). These are global objects coordinating accesses to the encapsulated data according to statically defined access patterns. Coordinators have been implemented on both shared memory multiprocessors and networks of workstations (NOWs). We describe their implementation as distributed shared objects and give basic performance results on a NOW.
Modelling the influence of carbon content on material behavior during forging

Nowadays the design of single process steps and even of whole process chains is realized by the use of numerical simulation, in particular finite element (FE) based methods. A detailed numerical simulation of hot forging processes requires realistic models, which consider the relevant material-specific parameters to characterize the material behavior, the surface phenomena, the dies as well as models for the machine kinematic.This data exists partial for several materials, but general information on steel groups depending on alloying elements are not available. In order to generate the scientific input data regarding to material modelling, it is necessary to take into account the mathematical functions for deformation behavior as well as recrystallization kinetic, which depends alloying elements, initial microstructure and reheating mode. Besides the material flow characterization, a detailed description of surface changes caused by oxide scale is gaining in importance, as these phenomena affect the material flow and the component quality. Experiments to investigate the influence of only one chemical element on the oxide scale kinetic and the inner structure at high temperatures are still not available. Most data concerning these characteristics is provided for the steel grade C45, so this steel will be used as basis for the tests. In order to identify the effect of the carbon content on the material and oxidation behavior, the steel grades C15 and C60 will be investigated. This paper gives first approaches with regard to the influence of the carbon content on the oxide scale kinetic and the flow stresses combined with the initial microstructure.Nowadays the design of single process steps and even of whole process chains is realized by the use of numerical simulation, in particular finite element (FE) based methods. A detailed numerical simulation of hot forging processes requires realistic models, which consider the relevant material-specific parameters to characterize the material behavior, the surface phenomena, the dies as well as models for the machine kinematic.This data exists partial for several materials, but general information on steel groups depending on alloying elements are not available. In order to generate the scientific input data regarding to material modelling, it is necessary to take into account the mathematical functions for deformation behavior as well as recrystallization kinetic, which depends alloying elements, initial microstructure and reheating mode. Besides the material flow characterization, a detailed description of surface changes caused by oxide scale is gaining in importance, as these phenomena affect the mater.
Current Status of Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery in China

The first cases of video-assisted thyroidectomy and scarless endoscopic thyroidectomy were reported in China in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Breast approach endoscopic thyroidectomy (BAET) has become the most popular procedure for treating thyroid disease in China. Chinese doctors did not pioneer this approach, but contributed toward improvement in technical details such as incision selection, creation of a working space, suture exposure, and control of intraoperative bleeding. Relatively large series confirmed that BAET is a safe procedure but has a long learning curve that can be overcome with training. Surgical stress was not significantly increased despite the larger subcutaneous dissection. BAET to treat malignancy is feasible, but larger series and longer follow-up are warranted before its widespread acceptance.
Impact of Studies of the Drosophila norpA Mutation on Understanding Phototransduction

Abstract: Studies of the norpA mutation have significantly contributed to understanding the molecular and biochemical basis of phototransduction in Drosophila. Historical milestones in the study of the norpA mutation are reviewed and a contemporary model of the role of the NORPA protein in vision is presented. Questions awaiting further investigations are discussed.
What's So Hot about Red?

A prevailing common-sense hypothesis (the “hue-heat” hypothesis) is that an environment which has dominant light frequencies toward the red end of the visible spectrum feels warm and one with dominant blue frequencies feels cool. Twenty-one students made thermal comfort ratings while wearing red, blue, and clear goggles during three 20-min. runs in which air conditions were “comfortable” and wall temperatures were varied from about 60° to 100° F and back. Four analyses were conducted of the temperatures at which subjects changed their thermal comfort judgment from one category to another. While subject and direction-of-temperature-change effects were significant, no hue main effects or interactions were found. It was concluded that hue produces a strictly intellectual effect, a belief that one is warmer or cooler but does not affect one's thermal comfort.
Revisiting the Core Ontology and Problem in Requirements Engineering

In their seminal paper in the ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, Zave and Jackson established a core ontology for requirements engineering (RE) and used it to formulate the "requirements problem", thereby defining what it means to successfully complete RE. Given that stakeholders of the system-to-be communicate the information needed to perform RE, we show that Zave and Jackson's ontology is incomplete. It does not cover all types of basic concerns that the stakeholders communicate. These include beliefs, desires, intentions, and attitudes. In response, we propose a core ontology that covers these concerns and is grounded in sound conceptual foundations resting on a foundational ontology. The new core ontology for RE leads to a new formulation of the requirements problem that extends Zave and Jackson's formulation. We thereby establish new standards for what minimum information should be represented in RE languages and new criteria for determining whether RE has been successfully completed.
Meta-Modelling as a Means for Improved Communication and Interoperability ? The Case of Frisco

Unclear and disparate terminology are causing problems in the area of information system development. To address these issues, modelling frameworks and ontologies based on solid philosophical and logical foundations have been developed. Hypothesizing that a diagrammatic interface will be beneficial for comprehension and communication resulting in wider dissemination, we propose a UML-based meta-model of one of those frameworks-Frisco. The analysis done during the development of the meta-model resulted in identification of a number of ambiguities in the framework. Discussion of these as well as suggestions of ways to solve them are also presented.
Chronic widespread pain is associated with worsening frailty in European men

Background: we hypothesised that chronic widespread pain (CWP), by acting as a potential stressor, may predispose to the development of, or worsening, frailty. Setting: longitudinal analysis within the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Participants: a total of 2,736 community-dwelling men aged 40–79. Methods: subjects completed a pain questionnaire and shaded a manikin, with the presence of CWP defined using the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and depression were measured. Repeat assessments took place a median of 4.3 years later. A frailty index (FI) was used, with frail defined as an FI >0.35. The association between CWP at baseline and the new occurrence of frailty was examined using logistic regression; the association between CWP at baseline and change in FI was examined using negative binomial regression. Results: at baseline, 218 (8.3%) men reported CWP. Of the 2,631 men who were defined as non-frail at baseline, 112 (4.3%) were frail at follow-up; their mean FI was 0.12 (SD 0.1) at baseline and 0.15 (SD 0.1) at follow-up, with a mean change of 0.03 (SD 0.08) P ≤ 0.001. Among men who were non-frail at baseline, those with CWP were significantly more likely to develop frailty. After adjustment for age and centre, compared with those with no pain, those with CWP at baseline had a 70% higher FI at follow-up; these associations remained significant after further adjustment for smoking, body mass index, depression, physical activity and FI at baseline. Conclusion: the presence of CWP is associated with an increased risk of frailty in older European men.
Drug nanosuspensions: a ZIP tool between traditional and innovative pharmaceutical formulations

Introduction: A nanosuspension or nanocrystal suspension is a versatile formulation combining conventional and innovative features. It comprises 100% pure drug nanoparticles with sizes in the nano-scale range, generally stabilized by surfactants or polymers. Nanosuspensions are usually obtained in liquid media with bottom-up and top-down methods or by their combination. They have been designed to enhance the solubility, the dissolution rate and the bioavailability of drugs via various administration routes. Due to their small sizes, nanosuspensions can be also considered a drug delivery nanotechnology for the preparation of nanomedicine products. Areas covered: This review focuses on the state of the art of the nanocrystal-based formulation. It describes theory characteristics, design parameters, preparation methods, stability issues, as well as specific in vivo applications. Innovative strategies proposed to obtain nanomedicine formulation using nanocrystals are also reported. Expert opinion: Many drug nanodelivery systems have been developed to increase the bioavailability of drugs and to decrease adverse side effects, but few can be industrially manufactured. Nanocrystals can close this gap by combining traditional and innovative drug formulations. Indeed, they can be used in many pharmaceutical dosage forms as such, or developed as new nano-scaled products. Engineered surface nanocrystals have recently been proposed as a dual strategy for stability enhancement and targeting delivery of nanocrystals.
Experiences with Load Balancing and Caching for Semantic Web Applications

In our work we consider applications which generate queries w.r. t. many different knowledge bases. We presuppose that for a particular KB there exists many possible query servers. In order to successfully build applications that exploit these KB servers, an appropriate middleware is required. In particular, if there are many servers for a specific KB, the middleware is responsible for managing request dispatching and load balancing. Load balancing must be accompanied by middleware-side caching in order to reduce network latency. In our view the KB servers we consider are managed by different organizations. Therefore, DL applications used in some company need some gateway inference server that provides local caching (in the intranet) to: (i) reduce external communication and (ii) avoid repetitive external server access operations in case multiple intranet applications pose the same queries. In our case study we investigate a server for answering OWL-QL− queries1. This server (called RacerManager) acts as a proxy that delegates queries to back-end DL reasoners (RacerPro servers) that manage the KB mentioned in the query and load KBs on demand. Compared to previous versions, the functionality of RacerManager has been substantially enhanced. We address the problems of load balancing and caching strategies in order to exploit previous query results (possibly produced by different users of the local site). Caching is investigated in the presence of incrementally answered OWL-QL− queries. In addition, the effects of concurrent query executions on multiple (external) inference servers and corresponding transmissions of multiple partial result sets for queries are studied.
Qualitative Age-Interactions in Breast Cancer: A Tale of Two Diseases?

A qualitative age-interaction is defined as the reversal of relative risks or rates according to age at onset. Once thought rare, qualitative age-interactions are commonly reported in studies that examine the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of breast cancer. Thus, nulliparity, obesity, and oral contraceptives decrease breast cancer risk in younger women but increase risk in older women. High-risk tumors are more common in younger women, whereas low-risk tumors are more common among the elderly, with bimodal peak frequencies at ages 50 and 70, respectively. Curves depicting the annual hazard of breast cancer death for women with high-risk (early-onset) and low-risk (late-onset) tumors are shaped differently and move in opposite directions. Additionally, mammography screening and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy seem to have opposing effects in women with early and late-onset tumors. Taken together, these qualitative age-interactions may indicate that early and late-onset breast cancers are different diseases, derived from different pathways.