Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing Globally Distributed Projects and Processes: A Dynamic Capability Enabled by Effective Global IT Management

Globalization continues to accelerate rapidly. Organizations are increasingly aware of the need to effectively manage the opportunities that globalization offers. IT has an extremely important role in facilitating effective management of globalization opportunities. Global IT management (GITM) includes facilitating access to new markets, facilitating efficiencies in processes and facilitating development of new products and services, in addition to effective management of a firm's IT resources. This essay focuses on GITM as it relates to processes. IT facilitates globally distributed projects and processes (GDPP). As organizations become increasingly dependent on IT enabled processes, management of GDPP could be a key determinant of organizational performance. Ideas from theories of dynamic capabilities (Eisenhardt and Martin, 2000), and IT portfolio management (Weil and Aral, 2006, Ajjan et. al, 2008), coupled with recent developments in cloud computing (Iyer and Henderson, 201 0) are used to identify some important research issues. The following description provides a simplified example of a GDPP environment, based on a real-life example involving a European financial institution and offshoring vendors in India and the Philippines. Initially, the mortgage application process was a single location process with the application and processing taking place at one location. This process was subsequently distributed geographically, with the mortgage application taking place in Europe and mortgage processing taking place in India and the Philippines. A project involving IT personnel in Europe as well as Asia was used to transition the mortgage process from a single location process to a globally distributed process. The transition was also facilitated by the similarities in legal systems between parts of Europe and Asia which made it possible for some of the legal processing to be done offshore. This example illustrates the transition of a single location process to a globally distributed process using a globally distributed project. The drivers of this transition included reduced cost and improved cycle time for mortgage processing. Multiple offshore locations were used in order to mitigate country risk.
Insider Power in Wage Determination

The paper argues that wage determination is best seen as a kind of rent sharing in which workers' bargaining power is influenced by conditions in the external labour market. It uses British establishment data from 1984 to show that pay depends upon a blend of insider pressure (including the employer's financial performance and oligopolistic position) and outsider pressure (including external wages and unemployment). Lester's feasible 'range' of wages appears typically to be between 8% and 22% of pay. Estimates of the unemployment elasticity of the wage lie in a narrow band around -0.1.
The Issue Decision of Manager‐Owners under Information Asymmetry

A firm must issue common stock in order to undertake a new investment, and the firm's manager-owners can value the firm more accurately than the market. The ability of the manager-owners to trade in the firm's shares during the issue (a) reduces the investments that are foregone because of the market's mispricing the firm's shares, (b) changes the size and direction of the stock price change when the firm announces a new stock issue, and (c) changes the market value of the firm before and after the issue announcement, whether or not it decides to issue. THE FOCUS OF THIS paper is a firm that must issue common stock in order to undertake a new investment. There is information asymmetry in the market for the firm's shares in that the firm's managers value its existing assets and the new investment more accurately than the market. Previous studies that investigated this setting include Myers and Majluf [11] and Leland and Pyle [7]. Myers and Majluf use a rational-expectations approach to (a) show the conditions under which the firms forego positive net-present-value (NPV) investments and (b) explain why firms' stock prices typically decline when they announce that new stock will be issued to finance new investment. ' However, they assume that managers do not own or transact in the firm's shares. This paper extends their framework to consider the case in which managers are owners. The issues examined here are (a) the extent to which the manager-owners' ability to trade in the firm's shares can reduce the foregone investments, (b) the impact of manager-owners upon the size and direction of the stock price change when the firm announces a new stock issue, and (c) the extent to which the purchases of new stock by manager-owners can signal the firm's value to the market. The latter subject was examined by Leland and Pyle. Leland and Pyle examined the case of a new firm whose only resource was an asset in place, whereas this paper examines the investment and trading for the insiders of an existing firm. This firm has common stock outstanding and an existing asset and is considering issuing new stock and investing in another
Fraudulent financial reporting detection and business failure prediction models: a comparison

Purpose - The purpose is to explore the differences and similarities between fraudulent financial reporting detection and business failure prediction (BFP) models, especially in terms of which explanatory variables and methodologies are most effective. Design/methodology/approach - In total, 52 financial variables were identified from previous studies as potentially significant. A number of Taiwanese firms experienced financial distress or were accused of fraudulent reporting in 2005. Data on these firms and their contemporaries were obtained from the Findings - Many of the variables are effective at both detecting fraudulent financial reporting and predicting business failures. In terms of overall accuracy, logistic regression outperforms the other two algorithms for detecting fraudulent financial reporting. Whether logistic regression or a decision tree is best for BFP depends on the relative opportunity cost of misclassifying failing and healthy firms. Originality/value - The financial factors used to detect fraudulent reporting are helpful for predicting business failure.
Circumventing the Curse of Dimensionality in Applied Work Using Computer Intensive Methods

Following recent advances in the development of simulation-based inference, the author outlines a suite of programs designed to circumvent the 'curse of dimensionality' common to the class of so-called qualitative and limited dependent variable models. The author discusses the nature of the dimensionality problem, briefly introduces the form of a simple simulation technique, outlines the structure and capabilities of the programs, and provides a numerical experiment. Copyright 1995 by Royal Economic Society.
What a State She's in! Western Welfare States and Equitable Social Entitlements

The issue of care work has become a burning issue in western capitalist welfare states because of the greater proportion of women in the workforce and the growth of alternative forms of family arrangement outside of the traditional male breadwinner model. This article addresses equity and welfare states with respect to social entitlements around care. It asks how new theoretical concepts can be applied to understand welfare states and their evolving employment-related family policies, using Nancy Fraser's utopian universal caregiver approach as a model for evaluation. It focuses on carers and evaluates how a modern citizen is expected to be financially self-sufficient and yet also perform care duties at home. The term ‘carer-commodification’ captures the extent to which the state expects carers to engage in the labour market and how non-carer earners are engaged in care duties. The term ‘carer-stratification’ incorporates the extent to which the state creates differences between carers. Policies from selective welfare states (Sweden, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States) are evaluated speculatively with these tools, and how they fare with equitable social entitlements is illustrated.
A Model of Socially Connected Web Objects for IoT Applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) is evolving with the connected objects at an unprecedented rate, bringing about enormous opportunities for the future IoT applications as well as challenges. One of the major challenges is to handle the complexity generated by the interconnection of billions of objects. However, Social Internet of Things (SIoT), emerging from the conglomeration of IoT and social networks, has realized an efficient way to facilitate the development of complex future IoT applications. Nevertheless, to fully utilize the benefits of SIoT, a platform that can provide efficient services using social relations among heterogeneous objects is highly required. The web objects enabled IoT environment promotes SIoT features by enabling virtualization using virtual objects and supporting the modularity with microservices. To realize SIoT services, this article proposes an architecture that provides a foundation for the development of lightweight microservices based on socially connected web objects. To efficiently discover web objects and reduce the complexity of service provisioning processes, a social relationship model is presented. To realize the interoperable service operations, a semantic ontology model has been developed. Finally, to evaluate the proposed design, a prototype has been implemented based on a use case scenario.
Modelling the Incentive to Participate in Open Source Biopharmaceutical Innovation

The open source model provides a valuable framework for collective knowledge production and dissemination. Open knowledge networks and other cooperative strategies (classified as open source discovery initiatives) are enabling biopharmaceutical companies to access disembodied knowledge-based resources critical to downstream drug development. The objective of these cooperative strategic alliances is to preserve the downstream technological opportunities for multiple firms. When upstream discovery research cannot yield commercial products and when the costs associated with excessive upstream competition are too high, companies jointly benefit from cooperative knowledge production and open knowledge dissemination. An analysis of 39 open source initiatives (consortia) provides us with information on: the likely participants in such initiatives, the focus of knowledge production activities, the characteristics of the knowledge generated, and the management of joint knowledge assets. Based on this analysis, we use game models to understand the decision to participate in such strategic alliances better. Our game models provide a simple but elegant framework for understanding the impact of changing knowledge structures on the payoffs associated with cooperation and defection in knowledge production, and therefore on behaviour.
Pulmonary Hemorrhage following Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair

Mitral valve repair with the MitraClip device has emerged as an effective treatment option for patients with severe mitral regurgitation and contraindications for surgical interventions. While the procedure is not known to cause pulmonary complications, we describe two cases of pulmonary hemorrhage following percutaneous mitral valve repair. The patients did well with supportive care and reinitiation of anticlotting agents was well tolerated after resolution of bleeding.
Effect of smaller droplet size of dornase alfa on lung function in mild cystic fibrosis

Aerosolized recombinant human DNase (dornase alfa) reduces mucus viscoelasticity in vitro and improves pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We postulated that if dornase alfa could be delivered more peripherally to small airways in the lung in the form of smaller aerosol droplets in patients with early airway obstruction, the increase in pulmonary function from baseline might be improved. CF patients (n = 749) with mild lung disease (baseline forced vital capacity <*geq>70% predicted) were randomly assigned to receive dornase alfa 2.5 mg daily for 2 weeks by one of two nebulizer systems: 1) the Medic‐Aid Durable SideStream nebulizer powered by the MobilAire Compressor (SS/MA) producing a droplet size with a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.1 μm; or 2) the Hudson T Up‐draft nebulizer with a DeVilbiss Pulmo‐Aide compressor (HT/PA) with an MMAD of 4.9 μm. Spirometry was performed at baseline and following 14 days of treatment.
Money, Renewable Energy and Climate Change

Climate change has been identified as "The biggest market failure the World has ever seen", (Stern 2006). This paper identifies the cost of finance as an influential element of this market failure to allocate resources to renewable energy. One approach to mitigate market failure is the selective introduction of Islamic Banking to remove the bias against renewable energy created by interest costs. Another approach is the introduction a complementary currency redeemable into units of renewable energy. This could improve the efficiency, stability and resilience of the financial system. Renewable "Energy Dollars" create a unit of value independent of any increases in the costs of coal, oil, gas, or taxes on their consumption.
A workflow and protocol describing the field to digitization process for new project‐based fossil leaf collections

Premise of the Study This article provides a workflow and protocol for paleobotanical researchers that integrates project‐based fossil leaf specimen and data collection with curation and digitization. The methods aim to facilitate efficient digitization of new collections by researchers during the course of their study and promote public databasing of new specimen and project data. Methods and Results The workflow was developed and refined to facilitate a project reconstructing an extensive fossil forest from leaf impressions/compressions. The workflow consists of field, museum, and data mobilization components. Customizing a workspace and streamlining all steps of specimen data collection, curation, and digitization into an integrated processing pipeline resulted in faster accumulation of specimen data and images. Conclusions These protocols provide paleobotanists with logistics‐focused methods for integrating research with digitization, and are particularly applicable at institutions with limited collection support staff or when specimen images are needed for project purposes.
Beta, Size, Risk, And Return

We relate the cross-section of stock returns to firm size, beta, and total risk. We find that as extreme monthly security returns are censored from the data, the significance level decreases rapidly for the size variable and increases for beta and total risk. An analysis of up and down markets reaffirms our findings. Consequently, average returns relate positively with beta, negatively with total risk, and not at all with firm size. We infer that investors willingly accept a lower average return on high-total-risk investments as the trade-off for buying a chance at an extreme positive return.
Lenvatinib inhibits angiogenesis and tumor fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma models

Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is one of the most lethal and prevalent cancers worldwide, and current systemic therapeutic options for uHCC are limited. Lenvatinib, a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), recently demonstrated a treatment effect on overall survival by statistical confirmation of noninferiority to sorafenib in a phase 3 study of uHCC. Here, we investigated mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of lenvatinib in preclinical HCC models. In vitro proliferation assay of nine human HCC cell lines showed that lenvatinib selectively inhibited proliferation of FGF signal‐activated HCC cells including FGF19‐expressing Hep3B2.1‐7. Lenvatinib suppressed phosphorylation of FRS2, a substrate of FGFR1–4, in these cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Lenvatinib inhibited in vivo tumor growth in Hep3B2.1‐7 and SNU‐398 xenografts and decreased phosphorylation of FRS2 and Erk1/2 within the tumor tissues. Lenvatinib also exerted antitumor activity and potently reduced tumor microvessel density in PLC/PRF/5 xenograft model and two HCC patient‐derived xenograft models. These results suggest that lenvatinib has antitumor activity consistently across diverse HCC models, and that targeting of tumor FGF signaling pathways and anti‐angiogenic activity underlies its antitumor activity against HCC tumors.
DeepWheat: Estimating Phenotypic Traits from Crop Images with Deep Learning

In this paper, we investigate estimating emergence and biomass traits from color images and elevation maps of wheat field plots. We employ a state-of-the-art deconvolutional network for segmentation and convolutional architectures, with residual and Inception-like layers, to estimate traits via high dimensional nonlinear regression. Evaluation was performed on two different species of wheat, grown in field plots for an experimental plant breeding study. Our framework achieves satisfactory performance with mean and standard deviation of absolute difference of 1.05 and 1.40 counts for emergence and 1.45 and 2.05 for biomass estimation. Our results for counting wheat plants from field images are better than the accuracy reported for the similar, but arguably less difficult, task of counting leaves from indoor images of rosette plants. Our results for biomass estimation, even with a very small dataset, improve upon all previously proposed approaches in the literature.
Quantification of brain creatine concentration using PRESS sequence and LCModel: comparison with HPLC method

To investigate the accuracy for quantification of brain total creatine (Cr) concentration using in vivo long echo time (TE) PRESS sequence with an external standard and LCModel. Ten swine and an external standard containing a detectable compounds of known concentration were studied by using 1.5 T GE Signa scanner and the standard head coil; the single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) data was acquired from the 20-mm cubic VOI which was placed in the swine brain and external standard respectively by using the PRESS sequence with TE=135 msec, TR=1500 msec, and 128 scan averages. The quantification of Cr was accomplished by the linear combination of model spectra (LCModel). After MRS examination, each animal was sacrificed, and in vitro Cr concentration was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the MRS group, the mean concentration of Cr was 9.37plusmn0. 137mmol/kg; in the HPLC group, the mean concentration of Cr was 8.905plusmn0. 126 mmol/kg. There were no statistically significant differences between two methods (P=0.491), which indicated that long TE PRESS sequence with an external standard can accurately detect the brain Cr concentration. The application of LCModel introduces more convenience for the MRS quantification
The Spatial-Temporal Impact of Residential Foreclosures on Single-Family Residential Property Values

As the home mortgage foreclosure crisis continues to spread, few households and geographic locations in the United States remain unaffected. This has led to a great deal of research on the causes and the impacts of the foreclosure crisis. This article focuses on the latter and specifically addresses the impact that residential foreclosures have on nearby single-family residential properties. Previous research has concluded that there is a negative impact. Although the hypothesis for this article has not changed, the authors offer a change in methodology. The study analyzes foreclosures’ impact based upon face blocks, not straight-line distances, and it also incorporates time and the use of spatial statistics. Findings from this study show a negative relationship between the length of time a property has been foreclosed and its effect on neighboring property values. The first negative impact is seen after one year, and sheriff sales have a greater negative impact than preforeclosures. Therefore, policy responses need to be as swift as possible to prevent any negative impact on neighboring property values and all the while must attempt to prevent properties from going to auction.
A Novel Side Face Contour Extraction Algorithm for Driving Fatigue Statue Recognition

Fatigued driving detection, which employs pattern recognition to discover the state of a driver’s fatigue, is considered a key technique to improve road safety. However, the widely used frontal face recognition systems have problems, such as low recognition accuracy, poor real-time ability, and highly complex algorithms. In this paper, a new color space modeling, which uses multi-threshold decision criteria, is used to enhance facial skin extraction performance, and a three-step strategy is designed to eliminate noise and other adverse effects. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can extract side face contour lines effectively and provide a scientific basis for real-time tracking of fatigue.
Amantadine-induced conformational and dynamical changes of the influenza M2 transmembrane proton channel

The M2 protein of influenza A virus forms a transmembrane proton channel important for viral infection and replication. Amantadine blocks this channel, thus inhibiting viral replication. Elucidating the high-resolution structure of the M2 protein and its change upon amantadine binding is crucial for designing antiviral drugs to combat the growing resistance of influenza A viruses against amantadine. We used magic-angle-spinning solid-state NMR to determine the conformation and dynamics of the transmembrane domain of the protein M2TMP in the apo- and amantadine-bound states in lipid bilayers. 13C chemical shifts and torsion angles of the protein in 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DLPC) bilayers indicate that M2TMP is α-helical in both states, but the average conformation differs subtly, especially at the G34–I35 linkage and V27 side chain. In the liquid-crystalline membrane, the complexed M2TMP shows dramatically narrower lines than the apo peptide. Analysis of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous line widths indicates that the apo-M2TMP undergoes significant microsecond-time scale motion, and amantadine binding alters the motional rates, causing line-narrowing. Amantadine also reduces the conformational heterogeneity of specific residues, including the G34/I35 pair and several side chains. Finally, amantadine causes the helical segment N-terminal to G34 to increase its tilt angle by 3°, and the G34–I35 torsion angles cause a kink of 5° in the amantadine-bound helix. These data indicate that amantadine affects the M2 proton channel mainly by changing the distribution and exchange rates among multiple low-energy conformations and only subtly alters the average conformation and orientation. Amantadine-resistant mutations thus may arise from binding-incompetent changes in the conformational equilibrium.