Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Critical assessment of mechanical tests parameters for dental materials testing : laboratory and finite element analysis = Avaliação crítica dos parâmetros de ensaios mecânicos envolvendo materiais odontológicos: análise laboratorial e por elementos finitos

Ensaios mecânicos laboratoriais sao essenciais no estudo e desenvolvimento dos materiais odontologicos restauradores, como forma de predizer o comportamento clinico dos mesmos frente as variadas condicoes existentes no meio oral. Apesar das condicoes encontradas in vivo dificilmente serem inteiramente representadas in vitro, o completo entendimento dos fatores que impactam o protocolo dos testes e determinante na analise dos resultados. Entretanto, muitos dos testes utilizados para caracterizacao dos materiais restauradores nao sao realizados nos padroes necessarios, levando a resultados ambiguos para materiais similares, alem de dificultar a comparacao implementacao dos mesmos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes parâmetros empregados em ensaios mecânicos utilizados no teste de materiais odontologicos restauradores para obtencao de propriedades mecânicas ou verificacao da resistencia de uniao. Assim, variadas configuracoes do ensaio de flexao de tres pontos e do teste de microcisalhamento foram analisadas de maneira critica. Pode-se concluir que as modalidades de ensaios mecânicos testadas necessitam de melhor padronizacao para que os resultados obtidos apresentem menor discrepância e consequentemente maiores representatividade clinicos. A maior padronizacao dos ensaios mecânicos utilizados na caracterizacao dos materiais odontologicos permite melhor compreensao do comportamento mecânico dos mesmos, levando a um desenvolvimento mais controlado destes produtos, o que por sua vez, resultara em maior qualidade dos procedimentos reabilitadores. Abstract
A Longitudinal Study of Language and Ideology in Congress

This paper presents an analysis of the legislative speech records from the 101st-108th U.S. Congresses using machine learning and natural language processing methods. We use word vectors to represent the speeches in both the Senate and the House, and then use text categorization methods to classify the speakers by their ideological positions. The classification accuracy indicates the level of distinction between the liberal and the conservative ideologies. Our experiment results demonstrate an increasing partisanship in the Congress between 1989 and 2006. Ideology classifiers trained on the House speeches can predict the Senators' ideological positions well (House-to-Senate prediction), however the Senate-to-House prediction is less successful. Our results provide evidence for a long-term increase in partisanship in both chambers with the House consistently more ideologically divided than the Senate. 1 School of Information Studies, Syracuse University. Department of Managerial Economics and Decision Sciences (MEDS) and Ford Motor Company Center for Global Citizenship, Kellogg School of Management and Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO), Northwestern University.
Labor Migration and Risk Aversion in Less Developed Countries

In this paper we question the pioneering work of Todaro, which states that rural-to-urban labor migration in less developed countries (LDCs) is an individual response to a higher urban expected income. We demonstrate that rural-to-urban labor migration is perfectly rational even if urban expected income is lower than rural income. We achieve this under a set of fairly stringent conditions: an individual decision-making entity, a one-period planning horizon, and global risk aversion. We obtain the result that a small chance of reaping a high reward is sufficient to trigger rural-to-urban labor migration.
Suicide and Suicide Attempts on Hospital Grounds and Clinic Areas

Objectives The goal of this study was to describe suicide and suicide attempts that occurred while the patient was on hospital grounds, common spaces, and clinic areas using root cause analysis (RCA) reports of these events in a national health care organization in the United States. Method This is an observational review of all RCA reports of suicide and suicide attempts on hospital grounds, common spaces, and clinic areas in our system between December 1, 1999, and December 31, 2014. Each RCA report was coded for the location of the event, method of self-harm, if the event resulted in a death by suicide, and root causes. Results We found 47 RCA reports of suicide and suicide attempts occurring on hospital grounds, common spaces, or clinic areas. The most common methods were gunshot, overdose, cutting, and jumping, and we have seen an increase in these events since 2011. The primary root causes were breakdowns in communication, the need for improved psychiatric and medical treatment of suicidal patients, and problems with the physical environment. Conclusions Hospital staff should evaluate the environment for suicide hazards, consider prohibiting firearms, assist patients with no appointments, and promote good communication about high-risk patients.
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for texture classification

This paper presents a texture classification algorithm using independent component analysis (ICA). ICA is used for creating basis functions or basis images bank. These basis functions are used in texture classification because they are able to capture the inherent properties of textured images. These properties enable us to use the ICA bank to generate feature vectors for effective texture classification. These feature vectors are used first for training and then for testing the classifier. The experimental setup consists of texture images from the Brodatz Album and a combination of some images therein. Experimental results for both two and multiple class texture have shown that the proposed algorithm which uses ICA has an encouraging performance. With ICA, a large classification improvement was observed. It obtains an average of just 2.85% misclassified pixels compared with 10.26% misclassified pixels by other methods.
Redesigning Carroll’s CSR Pyramid Model

Change changes the change if you don’t adopt change. Since the conception of CSR the amount of research carried on by the academicians is tremendous and laudable. The academic research has undoubtedly contributed in terms of importance of CSR and practices of CSR to the corporate world. In the present research paper an attempt is made to propose a new model on CSR, i.e.; Universal Model of CSR. The proposed model has portrayed itself in such way that it easily cross over the criticism made on Carroll’s Pyramid model of CSR by justifying its model suiting to the present context.
Pulmonary embolism due to invasive aspergillosis in a child with acute myelogenous leukemia

To the Editor: Invasive fungal infection can cause lifethreatening infections in immunocompromised children. We present a case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), which occluded the right pulmonary artery resulting in pulmonary embolism with a fatal outcome in a 10year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A 10-year-old girl with secondary AML following aplastic anemia was admitted and started chemotherapy according to the 7þ 3 treatment regimenwith total daunorubicin 180mg/m for 3 days and total cytarabine 200mg/ m for 7 days. Unfortunately, she proved to be resistant to two identical induction courses, and no bone marrow donor was available. In a course of severe and prolonged neutropenia while on treatment she started having fever and cough, and she received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The persistence of symptoms after a week prompted antifungal treatment. Diagnosis of aspergillosis was established by computerized tomography (CT) scan (Fig. 1) of the lung and by PCR that detected Aspergillus fumigatus DNA in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage. She received intravenous liposomal amphotericin B (5 mg/kg/day). Two months after initiation of antifungal treatment the condition of the patient deteriorated with an episode of acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and rales. The contrast enhanced CT scan of the chest was compatible with pulmonary embolism demonstrating embolus in pulmonary artery (Fig. 2). Pulmonary scintigram confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the patient was started on LMW heparin. In 2 weeks time and after a downhill course, the patient died. Post-mortem histopathologic examination of the lung revealed aspergillosis of the lung and arterial occlusion due to aspergillus hyphae growth (Fig. 3). Aspergillus species are ubiquitous saprophytes that are widely distributed in nature. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common disease-causing species in human [1]. In immunocompromised patients, Aspergillus species can cause life-threatening infection that commonly involve the sino nasal region and upper and lower respiratory tract. They are usually acquired through inhalations of aspergillus spores in air. IPA is a devastating complication, especially in immunocompromised patients [2]. The strongest risk factor for disseminated aspergillosis is prolonged granulocutopenia in the context of immunosuppressive chemotherapy [3].
ETS family protein ETV2 is required for initiation of the endothelial lineage but not the hematopoietic lineage in the Xenopus embryo

Transcription factors of the ETS family are important regulators of endothelial and hematopoietic development. We have characterized the Xenopus orthologue of the ETS transcription factor, ETV2. Expression analysis shows that etv2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells in the Xenopus embryo. In gain‐of‐function experiments, ETV2 is sufficient to activate ectopic expression of vascular endothelial markers. In addition, ETV2 activated expression of hematopoietic genes representing the myeloid but not the erythroid lineage. Loss‐of‐function studies indicate that ETV2 is required for expression of all endothelial markers examined. However, knockdown of ETV2 has no detectable effects on expression of either myeloid or erythroid markers. This contrasts with studies in mouse and zebrafish where ETV2 is required for development of the myeloid lineage. Our studies confirm an essential role for ETV2 in endothelial development, but also reveal important differences in hematopoietic development between organisms. Developmental Dynamics 239:1178–1187, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Practical Simple Geometry and Gain/Phase Calibration Technique for Antenna Array Processing

A calibration technique is proposed in this paper for an arbitrary array. This technique estimates the array sensor gain/phase and geometry with a set of simultaneous equations formed by using the MUSIC null spectrum property. Note that the technique does not use iterative calculation in estimating the array parameters and hence it has no convergent problem; however, it requires that n directions of arrival (DOAs) of signal sources to be known to calibrate the array which is perturbed n-dimensionally. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by means of simulations and on experimental data collected with an antenna array operating in high-frequency radio band.
NIH Stroke Scale Reliability in Ratings from a Large Sample of Clinicians

Objective: The NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is widely used in stroke clinical care and trials. Certification in its use, most commonly through rating of video vignettes, is routinely required. To investigate the reliability of the NIHSS in a representative sample of raters, we examined the results of the most frequently used certification examination. Methods: At the invitation of the National Stroke Association, we analyzed the results of all raters who completed one of two multiple patient videotaped certification examinations from 1998 to 2004. Total scores for each vignette were calculated and ratings were compared based on percentile of responses and modified kappa scores. Results: There were 7,405 unique raters with 38,148 individual NIHSS item responses; median scores for each vignette ranged from 0 to 31. Total NIHSS scores varied widely between raters; scoring for 7 of the 11 patients (64%) had a four or more point difference in NIHSS score from the 5th to 95th percentile. The aphasia (kappa = 0.60) and facial palsy (0.65) items on the test contributed most to the variance in the total NIHSS score. Nurses agreed with the most common response on scoring more frequently than physicians (p < 0.0001). Taking the certification examination multiple times did not improve agreement. Conclusions: In a large diverse sample of clinicians, inter-rater reliability for individual elements of the NIHSS on videotaped vignettes was generally good, but overall scoring was inconsistent and could impact clinical trial results. Whether additional training, modification of examination elements, or clearer definitions for scoring could improve reliability requires further study.
In Vitro Evolution of Itraconazole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus Involves Multiple Mechanisms of Resistance

ABSTRACT We investigated the evolution of resistance to the antifungal drug itraconazole in replicate populations of Aspergillus fumigatus that were founded from a strain with a genotype of sensitivity to a single drug and then propagated under uniform conditions. For each population, conidia were serially transferred 10 times to agar medium either with or without itraconazole. After 10 transfers in medium supplemented with itraconazole, 10 itraconazole-resistant mutant strains were isolated from two populations. These mutant strains had different growth rates and different levels of itraconazole resistance. Analysis of the ergosterol contents of these mutants showed that they accumulate ergosterol when they are grown in the presence of itraconazole. The replacement of the CYP51A gene of the wild-type strain changed the susceptibility pattern of this strain to one of itraconazole resistance only when CYP51A genes with N22D and M220I mutations were used as selectable marker genes. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to assess the levels of expression of the Afumdr1, Afumdr2, Afumdr3, Afumdr4, AtrF transporter, CYP51A, and CYP51B genes in these mutant strains. Most mutants showed either constitutive high-level expression or induction upon exposure of Afumdr3, Afumdr4, and AtrF to itraconazole. Our results suggest that overexpression of drug efflux pumps and/or selection of drug target site mutations are at least partially responsible for itraconazole resistance and could be considered mechanisms for the emergence of clinical resistance to this drug.
Alternative splicing in the first α‐helical region of the Rab‐binding domain of Rim regulates Rab3A binding activity: is Rim a Rab3 effector protein during evolution?

Rim1 and Rim2 were originally described as specific Rab3A‐effector proteins involved in the regulation of secretory vesicle exocytosis. The putative Rab3A‐binding domain (RBD) of Rim consists of two α‐helical regions (named RBD1 and RBD2) separated by two zinc finger motifs. Although alternative splicing in the RBD1 of Rim is known to produce long and short forms of RBD (named Rim1 and Rim1Δ56‐105, and Rim2(+40A) and Rim2, respectively), with the long form of Rim1 and short form of Rim2 being dominant in mouse brain, the physiological significance of the alternative splicing in RBD1 has never been elucidated. In the present study I discovered that alternative splicing in Rim RBD1 alters Rab3A binding affinity to Rims, and found that insertion of 40 amino acids into the RBD1 of Rim2 (i.e. Rim2(+40A)) dramatically reduced its Rab3A binding activity (more than a 50‐fold decrease in affinity). Similarly, Rim1Δ56‐105 exhibited higher affinity binding to Rab3A than the long form of Rim1. Expression of the short forms of the Rim RBD in PC12 cells co‐localized well with endogenous Rab3A, whereas expression of the long forms of the Rim RBD in PC12 cells resulted in cytoplasimc and nuclear localization. Moreover, I found that Caenorhabditis elegans Rim/UNC‐10 (ce‐Rim) and Drosophila Rim (dm‐Rim) do not interact with ce‐Rab3 and dm‐Rab3, respectively, indicating that the Rab3‐effector function of Rim has not been retained during evolution. Based on these findings, I propose that the Rab3A‐effector function of Rim during secretory vesicle exocytosis is limited to the short form of the mammalian Rim RBD alone.
Stream processing platforms for analyzing big dynamic data

Abstract Nowadays, data is produced in every aspect of our lives, leading to a massive amount of information generated every second. However, this vast amount is often too large to be stored and for many applications the information contained in these data streams is only useful when it is fresh. Batch processing platforms like Hadoop MapReduce do not fit these needs as they require to collect data on disk and process it repeatedly. Therefore, modern data processing engines combine the scalability of distributed architectures with the one-pass semantics of traditional stream engines. In this paper, we survey the current state of the art in scalable stream processing from a user perspective. We examine and describe their architecture, execution model, programming interface, and data analysis support as well as discuss the challenges and limitations of their APIs. In this connection, we introduce Piglet, an extended Pig Latin language and code generator that compiles (extended) Pig Latin code into programs for various data processing platforms. Thereby, we discuss the mapping to platform-specic concepts in order to provide a uniform view.
The genetic relationship of Lodderomyces elongisporus to other ascomycete yeast species as revealed by small‐subunit rRNA gene sequences

The 18S rRNA gene sequence of the ascomycete yeast Lodderomyces elongisporus was determined by PCR‐direct sequencing. The phylogenetic inter‐relationship of Lodderomyces elongisporus and other ascomycete yeast species was examined by comparative sequence analysis. Lodderomyces elongisporus was found to be most closely related to Candida parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. albicans, exhibiting sequence similarity values of greater than 97.5%. The relationship between L. elongisporus and Candida parapsilosis in particular is discussed with regard to the possibility that L. elongisporus is the teleomorph (sexual form) of C. parapsilosis.
Preschool children’s attachment security is associated with their sharing with others

ABSTRACT The current study examined relations between preschool children’s attachment pattern and their sharing behavior. To this end, 26 German children aged five years (15 girls) were first administered an Attachment Story Completion Task to assess their attachment pattern and the degree of their attachment security. Immediately thereafter, they participated in an established paradigm, a mini-dictator game, that assessed their inclination to share costly as well as noncostly with a friend, a disliked other, and a stranger. Analyses showed that degree of attachment security was positively correlated with children’s generosity towards a disliked other and their inclination to engage in costly sharing. Moreover, the absence of an organized attachment pattern was related to a general decrease in generosity towards all recipients. The results point to the functional role of children’s attachment for the early development of sharing behavior.
Fatigue, quality of life and health status in sarcoidosis

Although fatigue is a well-known symptom in sarcoidosis, it still seems an underestimated problem in clinical practice. A recent study showed that even physicians experienced in the treatment of sarcoidosis showed poor chance-corrected agreement with patients on the presence of symptoms attributable to sarcoidosis [1]. It was suggested that physicians probably rely more on chest radiographs and lung function and laboratory test results. They may, therefore, underestimate symptoms important to the patient, such as pain, stress, and fatigue, which cannot be assessed using laboratory tests [1]. Previously, only poor relations of objective disease parameters, such as lung function tests and health status [1–3], as well as quality of life (QoL) [4], have been shown in sarcoidosis patients. Presumably, objective clinical parameters do not reflect a patients’ perceived well-being. Sarcoidosis is a young persons disease with a peak at 20–40 yrs [5, 6]. At this age, it may be more difficult to cope with a symptomatic multi-organ disease of unknown origin and unpredictable course than at older age. A chronic disease at a young age may result in working and social problems, especially when the patient looks healthy. When disabling fatigue remains the only symptom, procedures concerning working disability with the employer or the insurance company may be difficult because there is no method of establishing objectively that the patient suffers from serious loss of working capacity. A number of studies have shown that fatigue is a prominent feature of sarcoidosis and that the health status, as well as QoL, of this patient group is impaired [1, 2, 4, 7]. Different aspects of fatigue, QoL and health status in sarcoidosis are discussed in the present chapter.
Development of Robot Motion Performance Platform for auto generation of Robot Motion Planning

In this study, Robot Motion Performance Platform was developed for the automation of Robot Motion Planning using memory-based techniques. This can be used for robots with various arm and leg forms. The developed Robot Motion Performance Platform is used for the motion performance by name-base to a motion command. In this paper, the realization of motion in a robot with two or more different types of control systems is described. In order to prove this, the experiment which performs a motion using the robot of two types is conducted. One of the robots which used for the experiment is a biped robot. Another is an arm robot. In addition, in this paper, the way in which motion mixing uses small amount of motion data to realize more motions is also discussed. It checked that motion mixing could be performed using two motion data. The result has checked that a new motion was performed by motion mixing.
An integrated model for the effect of budesonide on ACTH and cortisol in healthy volunteers.

AIMS Budesonide, a glucocorticosteroid, is used as a first-line treatment for asthma. The aim of the study was to develop a PK/PD model for the effect of budesonide on ACTH and cortisol. METHODS The modelling data were generated by conducting a single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Ten healthy volunteers inhaled placebo (Placebo Turbohaler) and 1600 microg budesonide (Pulmicort Turbohaler), with a wash-out period of 7 days between treatments. Baseline concentrations of cortisol and ACTH were measured after placebo treatment and concentrations of cortisol, ACTH and budesonide were assessed after budesonide treatment. A one-compartment disposition model was used for budesonide disposition. Based on indirect response models, two types of models, distinguishing between production driven by a sum of cosine functions and production driven by surges, were used in parallel to describe the data. RESULTS The surge-based approach was the most appropriate, based on goodness-of-fit, objective function values and number of parameters. The surge-based model that integrated both ACTH and cortisol data was chosen as the final model. The estimated half-lives of endogenous ACTH and cortisol were 9 and 113 min, respectively. The budesonide and ACTH concentrations producing 50% of the maximal response (IC(50) and A(50)) were 0.325 microg l(-1) and 4.96 pmol l(-1). CONCLUSIONS The present PK/PD model of the effect of budesonide on ACTH and cortisol can serve as a tool for further understanding of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and be useful in the development of drugs interacting with the axis.