Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Labeling Feature-Oriented Software Clusters for Software Visualization Application

Software clustering techniques have been used to analyze the reality of software structure. The visualization of the detected clusters has also been studied. However, the features implemented by the detected clusters are not obvious and understanding them is a crucial part of the industrial use of software clustering. In this study, we examined the existing information retrieval method and found three major issues it has. We developed technical solutions for each of them: using hierarchical labeling, weighing the words likely representing the feature by considering an architectural convention, and modifying the idf score by the scale of the cluster. The effectiveness of our approach is validated through case studies using actual software products including a COBOL business application. Also, we faced two additional practical problems: effectiveness of the method words and plural and conjugated forms of the words. We found the method name words were less useful than the class name words, and lemmatization was successfully used to normalize the form of the words even in the case of program identifiers.
AC Polarization for Charge-Drift Elimination in Resonant Electrostatic MEMS and Oscillators

This paper proposes the use of ac polarization for resonant electrostatic microelectromechanical systems that eliminates the frequency drift caused by dielectric charging and charge screening. It is mathematically and experimentally shown that an ac-polarized resonator can sustain stable oscillations when used in a positive feedback oscillator circuit. We also demonstrate an oscillator topology that generates a drift-free reference frequency tone with this technique in spite of using a resonator that exhibits large frequency drifts under dc polarization. Long-term data are presented for these drift-susceptible devices, showing a significant improvement in frequency stability.
Sonar behavior-based fuzzy control for a mobile robot

This paper describes how fuzzy control can be applied to a sonar-based mobile robot. Behavior-based fuzzy control for HelpMate behaviors was designed using sonar sensors. The fuzzy controller provides a mechanism for combining sensor data from all sonar sensors which present different information. The behavior-based approach is implemented as an individual high priority behavior. The highest level behavior is called the task-oriented behavior, which consists of two subtasks, wall following and goal seeking. The middle level behavior is obstacle avoidance. The lowest level is an emergency behavior. Each behavior was built as an atomic agent based on the intelligent machine architecture (IMA). The results demonstrate that each behavior works correctly. The HelpMate robot can follow the wall, go to the goal, and avoid obstacles detected by the sonar sensors.
Progressions of a New Language: Characterizing Explanation Development for Assessment With Young Language Learners

ABSTRACT Few studies have detailed the emergence and growth of the oral language and discourse characteristics of school-age students at different grades and across time (Bailey, 2010; Hoff, 2013). Yet general education teachers and English language specialists need well-articulated, preferably empirically derived progressions of language learning to support their students’ oral language development, particularly with those students who are acquiring English as a new or second language. Explanation skills, which encompass the development of many different language and discourse features, were the focus of this study. The language learners whose elicited oral explanations were used to characterize the order of emergence of features were in kindergarten and third grade (5–6 and 8–9 years old). These students were acquiring English in school with predominantly Spanish as their first language. Development of explanations by a cohort of English monolingual or proficient students provides grade-specific comparison language trajectories. The results are placed within the context of a formative assessment framework in order to assist teachers and students in placing explanations at different phases of sophistication on the progressions. This facilitates charting development and identifying with greater specificity which language and discourse features might be effective targets of contingent instruction to promote students’ oral explanation abilities.
Barriers to Remarriage Among Older People: Viewpoints of Widows and Widowers

ABSTRACT We conducted this research based on a qualitative approach to describe the opinions of older widows and widowers on remarriage obstacles. Based on purposive sampling and inclusion criteria, we chose 48 participants on maximum diversity of sex, age, education, employment, and socioeconomic status. Two thirds of the participants were female, 40% had spent more than 10 years widowed, and 65% were living with their children. We collected data individually through semistructured, face-to-face interviews. Based on conventional content analyses, 2 independent researchers implemented data analysis manually. Barriers to remarriage were finally categorized into 4 main themes: personal, normative, interactive, and financial factors. Results of this study showed that older people are more concerned about public opinions and social norms surrounding remarriage. As long as these thoughts and norms are not changed, the concept of remarriage among widows and widowers remains a vital taboo and concern.
Institute for Empirical Pedagogy and Pedagogical Psychology Scripts and Scaffolds in Problem-based Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environments: Fostering Participation and Transfer Scripts and Scaffolds in Problem-based Computer Supported Collaborative Learning Environments: Fostering Par

This study investigates collaborative learning of small groups via text-based computer mediated communication. We analyzed how two approaches to pre-structure communication influence participation, individual knowledge transfer, the convergence of participation and the convergence of knowledge among learning partners. We varied the factor "scripted cooperation" and the factor "scaffolding" in a 2x2-design. 105 university students of Pedagogy participated. Results show that scrip-ted cooperation was most and scaffolding least beneficial to individual transfer, knowledge convergence and participation in comparison to open discourse. Zusammenfassung Diese Studie befasst sich mit kooperativem Lernen in Kleingruppen über text-basierte computervermittelte Kommunikation. Es wurden zwei Ansätze der Vor-strukturierung von computervermittelter Kommunikation und ihre Auswirkungen auf Partizipation, individuellen Wissenstransfer, die Konvergenz der Partizipation und die Wissenskonvergenz innerhalb einer Lerngruppe untersucht. Dabei wurden die Faktoren "Kooperationsskript" und "Scaffolding" in einem 2x2-Design variiert. 105 Studierende der Pädagogik nahmen teil. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich das Ko-operationsskript am günstigsten und das Scaffolding am wenigsten günstig auf individuellen Wissenstransfer, Wissenskonvergenz und Partizipation im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe des 'Offenen Diskurses' ausgewirkt hat.
A Conditional Random Field Approach for Named Entity Recognition in Bengali and Hindi

This paper describes the development of Named Entity Recognition (NER) systems for two leading Indian languages, namely Bengali and Hindi, using the Conditional Random Field (CRF) framework. The system makes use of different types of contextual information along with a variety of features that are helpful in predicting the different named entity (NE) classes. This set of features includes language independent as well as language dependent components. We have used the annotated corpora of 122,467 tokens for Bengali and 502,974 tokens for Hindi tagged with a tag set of twelve different NE classes, defined as part of the IJCNLP-08 NER Shared Task for South and South East Asian Languages (SSEAL). We have considered only the tags that denote person names, location names, organization names, number expressions, time expressions and measurement expressions. A number of experiments have been carried out in order to find out the most suitable features for NER in Bengali and Hindi. The system has been tested with the gold standard test sets of 35K for Bengali and 50K tokens for Hindi. Evaluation results in overall f-score values of 81.15% for Bengali and 78.29% for Hindi for the test sets. 10-fold cross validation tests yield f-score values of 83.89% for Bengali and 80.93% for Hindi. ANOVA analysis is performed to show that the performance improvement due to the use of language dependent features is statistically significant.
Investigating the polarization tensor to describe and identify metallic objects

This paper presents a few properties of the polarization tensor for conducting and magnetic objects to describe and classify the objects. In order to achieve this, the polarization tensor of the objects are numerically determined by the previous hp-FEM method. We then focus on the polarization tensor for magnetic but non-conducting objects. After that, the polarization tensor for translated and rotated objects are discussed. Finally, this paper also highlights the polarization tensor for a few threat and non-threat objects which might appear in metal detection for security screening and landmine clearance.
Efficient subscription management in content based networks

Content-based publish/subscribe systems offer a convenient abstraction for data producer and consumers, as most of the complexity related to addressing and routing is encapsulated within the network infrastructure. A major challenge of content-based networks is their ability to efficiently cope with changes in consumer membership. In our XNET XML content network, we have addressed this issue by designing novel algorithms to speed up subscription management at the routers, while guaranteeing perfect routing at all times and maintaining compact routing tables thanks to extensive usage of “aggregation. ” In this paper, we discuss the issue of subscription management in content-based networks, and we specifically describe and evaluate the algorithms that we have developed for XNET.
Domains: safe sharing among actors

The actor model has already proven itself as an interesting concurrency model that avoids issues such as deadlocks and race conditions by construction, and thus facilitates concurrent programming. While it has mainly been used in a distributed context it is certainly equally useful for modeling interactive components in a concurrent setting. In component based software, the actor model lends itself to naturally dividing the components over different actors and using message passing concurrency for implementing the interactivity between these components. The tradeoff is that the actor model sacrifices expressiveness and efficiency especially with respect to parallel access to shared state. This paper gives an overview of the disadvantages of the actor model in the case of shared state and then formulates an extension of the actor model to solve these issues. Our solution proposes domains and synchronization views to solve the issues without compromising on the semantic properties of the actor model. Thus, the resulting concurrency model maintains deadlock-freedom and avoids low-level race conditions.
Comparing the Utility of a Standard Pediatric Resuscitation Cart With a Pediatric Resuscitation Cart Based on the Broselow Tape: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial Involving Simulated Resuscitation Scenarios

Background. Access to resuscitation equipment is a critical component in delivering optimal care in pediatric arrest situations. Historically, children's hospitals and clinics have used a standard pediatric resuscitation cart (“standard cart”) in which drawers are organized by intervention (eg, intubation module, intravenous module), requiring multiple drawers to be opened during a code. Many emergency departments, however, use a pediatric resuscitation cart based on the Broselow tape (“Broselow cart”) in which each drawer is color coded and organized by patient length and weight ranges; each drawer contains all necessary equipment for resuscitation of a patient in that specific length/weight range. A literature review has revealed no studies examining the utility of either cart. Objectives. To compare which resuscitation cart organization (standard versus Broselow) allows for faster access to equipment, more accurate selection of appropriately sized equipment, and better user satisfaction. Methodology. We performed a prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover trial in which 21 pediatric health care providers were assigned the role of obtaining the appropriate equipment during 2 standardized, simulated codes alternately using either a standard or Broselow cart. Time to and accuracy of the selection of appropriate medical equipment along with posttesting satisfaction were measured. All simulations were performed in the Center for Advanced Pediatric Education at Stanford University Medical Center (Stanford, CA), a training facility designed to replicate the real medical environment with the technology to allow for videotaping of scenarios. Results. Of the 21 subjects, 62% found the Broselow cart “easy” or “very easy” to use versus 33% for the standard cart. Of the 21 subjects, 67% preferred the Broselow cart, 10% preferred the standard cart, and 23% indicated no preference. Intubation supplies and nasogastric tubes were found significantly faster when using the Broselow cart (mean time: 29.1 and 20 seconds, respectively) versus the standard cart (mean time: 38.7 and 38.2 seconds, respectively). Correct equipment was provided a statistically significant 99% of the time with the Broselow cart versus 83% of the time with the standard cart. Ten percent of the subjects had prior experience with the Broselow cart versus 62% having experience with the standard cart. Conclusions. Despite less prior experience with the Broselow cart, subjects in this study found it easier to use and preferred it over the standard cart. In addition, subjects located intubation equipment and nasogastric tubes significantly faster when using the Broselow cart, and correct equipment was provided significantly more often with the Broselow cart. These data suggest that sites caring for pediatric patients should consider modeling their resuscitation carts after the Broselow cart to enhance provider confidence and patient safety.
Long Chain Alcohols Produced by Trichoderma citrinoviride Have Phagodeterrent Activity against the Bird Cherry-Oat Aphid Rhopalosiphum padi

In this study we report the effects of fungal metabolites isolated from cultures of the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride ITEM 4484 on the feeding preference of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi, a major pest of cereal crops. Different phagodeterrent metabolites were purified by a combination of direct and reverse phase column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Chemical investigations, by spectroscopic and chemical methods, led to the identification of different long chain primary alcohols (LCOHs) of the general formula R-OH, wherein R is a long, unbranched, unsubstituted, linear aliphatic group. LCOHs have been reported as components of lepidopteran pheromone blends, but their phagodeterrent effect to aphids is herein reported for the first time. The effects of LCOHs on R. padi were studied by behavioral and electrophysiological bioassays. Feeding preference tests that were carried out with winged and wingless morphs of R. padi showed that LCOHs had high phagodeterrent activity and restrained aphids from settling on treated leaves at a concentration as low as 0.15 mM (0.036 g/l). The results of different electrophysiological analyses indicated that taste receptor neurons located on the aphid tarsomeres were involved in the LCOHs perception. Behavioral assays carried out with some commercial agrochemicals, including azadirachtin A, pyrethrum and a mineral oil-based product, in combination with 1-hexadecanol, the LCOH most abundantly produced by T. citrinoviride ITEM 4484, showed that these different active principles could be applied together, resulting in a useful increase of the phagodeterrent effect. The data shown indicate that these compounds can be profitably utilized for novel applications in biotechnical control of aphid pests. Furthermore, the tested LCOHs have no chiral centers and therefore can be obtained with good yield and at low cost through chemical synthesis, as well as from natural sources.
Particle Swarm Extension to LOLIMOT

In this paper, we will present population based method for placement of center of radial basis function of a locally linear neuro-fuzzy (LLNF) network, which is trained by LOLIMOT algorithm. Originally, LOLIMOT algorithm incrementally divides the hyper-rectangles on input space into two axes orthogonal directions in half. However, this heuristic method would not be the best possible partitioning of the space. We present and evaluate a new particle swarm optimization (PSO) method for finding the best divisions of input space in the LOLIMOT algorithm
A Quality Model for Conceptual Models of MDD Environments

In Model-Driven Development (MDD) processes, models are key artifacts that are used as input for code generation. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the quality of these input models in order to obtain high-quality software products. The detection of defects is a promising technique to evaluate software quality, which is emerging as a suitable alternative for MDD processes. The detection of defects in conceptual models is usually manually performed. However, since current MDD standards and technologies allow both the specification of metamodels to represent conceptual models and the implementation of model transformations to automate the generation of final software products, it is possible to automate defect detection from the defined conceptual models. This paper presents a quality model that not only encapsulates defect types that are related to conceptual models but also takes advantage of current standards in order to automate defect detection in MDD environments.
Design and performance comparison of adiabatic 8-bit multipliers

The advancement of transistor process technology reduces chip area at the cost of the total power consumption. Adiabatic logic, one of the promising low power techniques in VLSI gives low power dissipation at the expense of delay. In any digital hardware, the fundamental building blocks contribute to significant power dissipation and propagation delay. Multipliers are one among them which are of prime importance in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and Image Processing applications. The present work proposes ECRL based 8-bit multiplier designs and compares them with the CMOS designs. Wallace-Dadda hybrid multiplier which uses Decomposition Logic to reduce the carry propagation delay is considered to be the reference design. 8-bit Vedic-Dadda hybrid multiplier and 8-bit Vedic multiplier are presented as power optimized designs. Hspice is used to obtain the power and delay values of the designed multipliers in CMOS and ECRL. 8-bit Vedic multiplier provides a power reduction of about 19.3% as compared to Wallace-Dadda hybrid multiplier. Overall, the proposed ECRL based multiplier dissipates about 77% less power, as compared to CMOS designs.
An Integrated Survey in Efficient Energy Management for WSN using Architecture approach

--------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------------ Wireless Sensor Network consist of large number of sensing devices, which are equipped with limited radio communication capabilities and limited computing which is used for many purposes in the present and the future. Clustering and routing in wireless sensor networks for the transfer of information from sensor nodes to base station are especially important. Energy is one the most important items to determine the network lifetime due to low power energy nodes included in the network. For improving this major parameter we have to design best network architecture and consider all impact components. In this article, firstly we discuss all important concepts in WSN architecture and the impact factors that effect in performance directly or indirectly, and then we focus to power management to find best design. Finally we propose a power usage model with considering these discussed impact factors.
Alleles p 53 Cells Containing Mutant Suppresses Growth of Human Prostate Cancer p 53 Wild-Type Updated

Evidence supporting a broad role for the inactivation of the p53 gene in human tumorigenesis has been provided by studies showing that the p53 gene is mutated in many human cancers. In this study, we report on the mutational status of the p53 gene in prostate cancer cells and provide functional evidence that the wild-type p53 gene may have a role in suppressing prostatic tumorigenesis. Sequence analysis of exons 5-8 of the p53 gene reveals that three of five prostate cancer cell lines (TSUPr-1, PC3, DU145) contain mutations which alter the amino acid sequence of this most highly conserved portion of the gene. One of two primary prostatic cancer specimens examined also contained a mutation in this region. Transfection of the wild-type p53 gene rrr. vÂ«. \ a mutated p53 gene into two cell lines with p53 mutations results in reduced colony formation. Wild-type pS3 gene expression is apparently incompatible with continued growth of these tumor cells inasmuch as none of the colonies which formed after wild-type transfections retain the transfected p53 sequences. Immunocytochemical data indicate that prostate carci noma cells expressing the transfected wild-type p53 gene are growth arrested because they exhibit a reduced level of thymidine incorporation into DNA. This study is the first report of p53 gene mutations in prostate cancer cells and suggests a functional role for thep53 gene in suppressing prostatic tumorigenesis.
Tit for Tat: A Perspective on Health Care Social Marketing Shock Advertising

Heath Care Social Marketing Advertising has always had a controversial perspective, as it promotes behavioral change in individuals. Moreover, the vast majority of social marketing campaigns focus on health prevention in a population, such as smoking, physical activity, alcohol abuse as well as breast cancer. Consequently, in order to assess the desired outcomes, specialists employed shock advertising in the health care social marketing campaigns. This case study concentrates on the effectiveness of a Romanian health care social marketing campaign for smoke prevention. More specifically, the shock social marketing advertisement was part of a smoking prevention campaign launched by the “Marius Nasta” Pneumophtisiology Institute in Bucharest, Romania. The sample consisted of 100 students from the “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, presenting the characteristics of Generation Y. The selected sampling method was the snow ball technique. Further, the shock advertisement was evaluated according to Dahl et al’s classification, as perceived by the health care consumers. The data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Findings revealed that the vast majority of respondents placed the health care social marketing prevention advertisement in the religious taboo category (42.6%), followed by the moral offensiveness category (22.2%) and sexual references (7.4%), respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 20 and there were 66.7% female respondents and 33.3% male respondents. However, the vast majority of the respondents perceived the prevention smoking health care shock advertisement as not being interesting (35.2%), some have felt pity (9.3%), sadness (7.4%) and even compassion (5.6%). All in all, findings pointed out that shock advertisements used in health care social marketing campaigns have no longer the impact they had, becoming more and more ineffective, in spite of embedding a shock appeal.