Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-Event Pulse Broadening After Narrowing Effect in Nano-CMOS Logic Circuits

In nanometer bulk CMOS processes, the multinode charge collection induced by single events (SEs) is becoming prevalent. Our research indicates that the SE transient (SET) pulse evolvement is more intricate with a small feature size due to the multinode charge collection. The generated SET can be quenched due to charge sharing, and the quenched SET can be obviously broadened again due to charge sharing as well. This phenomenon is named as the pulse broadening after narrowing (PBAN) effect. The neutron simulations by Geant4 indicate that the PBAN effect is becoming more and more remarkable with the technology scaling down and that the elastic collision is the dominant effect for atmospheric neutron radiation, whereas the inelastic collision plays a dominant role on a monoenergetic neutron strike with energy larger than 10 MeV.
X-band substrate integrated waveguide antenna arrays

The article deal with linear waveguide-slot antenna based on rectangular waveguide integrated into the substrate printed circuit board (substrate integrated waveguide) and intended for use in a circular array with one-dimensional scanning. Antenna design is a multilayer printed circuit board of the microwave dielectrics in which the top and bottom metal layers play the role of wide wall of waveguide, and the narrow wall of waveguide is formed by a series of metalized pins.
Comparative Analysis of 4 Impression Techniques for Implants

Purpose:This in vitro study investigated 4 impression techniques to determine their dimensional accuracy in comparison with a standard technique. Materials and Methods:A master metal framework with 2 inner hex implants (SIN; Sistema de Implante Nacional Ltda., Sao Paulo, Brazil) was used as a standard for the comparisons. Sixty master casts were prepared to evaluate 4 impression techniques: (1) indirect impression technique with tapered transfer copings, (2) direct impression technique with unsplinted squared transfer copings, (3) direct impression technique with squared transfer copings splinted with acrylic resin, and (4) direct impression technique with squared transfer copings with acrylic resin splints sectioned 17 minutes after setting and welded with the same resin. A profile projector was used to measure the distance between the copings attached to the analogs. Mean distances (mm) were calculated from 3 measurements for each sample in the master casts and in the master metal framework. Results:Analysis of variance and the Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis of data (&agr; = 0.05). The results for the direct technique with squared transfer copings with acrylic resin splints sectioned and welded after setting were not significantly different from results for the master metal framework. Conclusion:Considering the methodology used and the results obtained, the direct impression technique with squared transfer copings with acrylic resin splints sectioned and welded after setting had better results than the other techniques studied.
Residual Compensation for Ground Impedance Relay With Applications in UHV Transmission Lines

The impedance algorithm in distance protection for high voltage (HV) and extra high voltage (EHV) lines, although neglecting the influence of shunt capacitance, is able to produce satisfactory performance. However, the accuracy of the algorithm is significantly reduced when applying to ultra high voltage (UHV) lines due to the larger P.U. line shunt capacitance and longer transmission radius. Therefore, the distributed parameter model should be adopted, and the relay should be set based on the hyperbola function between measuring impedance and the fault distance. However, how to define and set the indexes in relay ever defined with lumped parameters, such as the residual compensation coefficient, is still unresolved. In response to this question, the paper models the UHV system with distributed parameters and introduces the concept of virtual equivalent line length controlled by zero sequence system impedance, and then proposes a novel residual compensation coefficient. Case studies and RTDS tests show that the relay with proposed coefficient offers good performance for the simulated cases. The results also can be extended into other applications, such as the design of zero sequence reactance relay, fault location, fault phase selection, power swing blocking, and load blocking components.
Theoretical models of selection and mutation on quantitative traits

Empirical studies of quantitative genetic variation have revealed robust patterns that are observed both across traits and across species. However, these patterns have no compelling explanation, and some of the observations even appear to be mutually incompatible. We review and extend a major class of theoretical models, ‘mutation–selection models’, that have been proposed to explain quantitative genetic variation. We also briefly review an alternative class of ‘balancing selection models’. We consider to what extent the models are compatible with the general observations, and argue that a key issue is understanding and modelling pleiotropy. We discuss some of the thorny issues that arise when formulating models that describe many traits simultaneously.
Annual cycle of ozone at and above the tropical tropopause: observations versus simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS)

Abstract. Multi-annual simulations with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) were conducted to study the seasonality of O3 within the stratospheric part of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), i.e. above θ=360 K potential temperature level. In agreement with satellite (HALOE) and in-situ observations (SHADOZ), CLaMS simulations show a pronounced annual cycle in O3, at and above θ=380 K, with the highest mixing ratios in the late boreal summer. Within the model, this cycle is driven by the seasonality of both upwelling and in-mixing. The latter process occurs through enhanced horizontal transport from the extratropics into the TTL that is mainly driven by the meridional, isentropic winds. The strongest in-mixing occurs during the late boreal summer from the Northern Hemisphere in the potential temperature range between 370 and 420 K. Complementary, the strongest upwelling occurs in winter reducing O3 to the lowest values in early spring. Both CLaMS simulations and Aura MLS O3 observations consistently show that enhanced in-mixing in summer is mainly driven by the Asian monsoon anticyclone.
Manganese increases high mannose glycoform on monoclonal antibody expressed in CHO when glucose is absent or limiting: Implications for use of alternate sugars

Alternate sugars such as galactose and fructose are metabolized at a slower rate than glucose and result in lower accumulation of lactate. While low lactate accumulation is desirable, we report that complete substitution of glucose with these sugars results in an increase in M5 high mannose glycans. Surprisingly, this increase is much higher when the culture is supplemented with manganese: for example, when cells are cultured with galactose, M5 high mannose glycan content increased from 5% at 1 nM Mn2+ in the basal medium to 32% with 16 µM Mn2+ supplementation. When galactose is supplemented with glucose maintained at low concentrations, a small reduction in high mannose glycans is seen. In control cultures with glucose, the high mannose content was however <2% in this range of Mn2+ concentration. By varying Mn2+ and glucose supplementation levels, with or without galactose, we systematically demonstrate that Mn2+ concentration and glucose availability, together, significantly affect the high mannose glycan content. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that the effect of Mn2+ on high mannose glycan content depends on glucose availability. At each Mn2+ supplementation level evaluated, galactosylation percentages were highest for cultures where galactose was supplemented with glucose at non‐limiting concentration. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 31:460–467, 2015
Wave digital emulation of charge-or flux-controlled memristors

Memristors are passive elementary circuit elements, which essentially are resistors with memory. This property makes the memristor well suited for applications in neuromorphic computation circuits. In such circuits the functionality mainly depends on the memristor. Hence, different desired functionalities for the resulting circuit need appropriate devices. Normally, memristors are not commercially available. This makes the use of emulators, which mimic the memristive behavior, expedient. For this purpose, we introduce a method based on wave digital virtualization for emulating real memristors after identifying them from i-u-measurements. The so virtualized memristor can be directly integrated in a real circuit.
The feasibility of automated identification of six algae types using neural networks and fluorescence-based spectral-morphological features

Harmful algae blooms (HABs), which produce lethal toxins, are a growing global concern since they negatively affect the quality of drinking water and have major negative impact on wildlife, the fishing industry, as well as tourism and recreational water use. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of leveraging machine learning and fluorescence-based spectral-morphological features to enable the identification of six different algae types in an automated fashion. More specifically, a custom multi-band fluorescence imaging microscope is used to capture fluorescence imaging data of a water sample at six different excitation wavelengths ranging from 405 nm - 530 nm. A number of morphological and spectral fluorescence features are then extracted from the isolated micro-organism imaging data, and used to train neural network classification models designed for the purpose of identification of the six algae types given an isolated micro-organism. Experimental results using three different neural network classification models showed that the use of either fluorescence-based spectral features or fluorescence-based spectral-morphological features to train neural network classification models led to statistically significant improvements in identification accuracy when compared to the use of morphological features (with average identification accuracies of 95.7%+/-3.5% and 96.1%+/-1.5%, respectively). These preliminary results are quite promising, given that the identification accuracy of human taxonomists are typically between the range of 67% and 83%, and thus illustrates the feasibility of leveraging machine learning and fluorescence-based spectral-morphological features as a viable method for automated identification of different algae types.
A comparison of standard, “MAST” ‐augmented, and open‐chest CPR in dogs: A preliminary investigation

Hemodynamic, respiratory, and cerebral variables during 2 h of standard external CPR were studied in 5 dogs. In an additional 12 dogs, possible augmentation of these variables by Military Anti-Shock Trousers (MAST) was evaluated. In 9 dogs, external and internal cardiac massage were compared. During ventricular fibrillation (VF) and after 2 min of circulatory arrest, standard CPR basic life support (without drug support) could sustain only borderline values: systolic arterial pressure (SAP) remained at 70–80 mm Hg and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 35–45 mm Hg. Sternal compressions increased central venous pressure (CVP) to near SAP, and also increased intracranial pressure (ICP), but less than CVP. Thus, systemic perfusion pressures (SPP, i.e., MAP-mean CVP) (control value 130 mm Hg) were only 11–15 mm Hg; and cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP, i.e., MAP-ICP) were 20–32 mm Hg during CPR. Common carotid arterial blood flow (CCABF) remained at an average of 8–20% of control values. Normalization of aerobic metabolism proved impossible (final pHa of 7.1). During external CPR, MAST inflation moderately increased MAP, SAP, SPP, and CPP; and significantly increased CCABF from 6.8 to 13.2% of prearrest control. The MAST failed to improve cerebral venous Po2, pupil signs, and EEG activity. With fixed pressure IPPV/100% O2, the MAST decreased tidal volumes and Pao2 (increased shunting); and increased Paco2 and acidemia. Epinephrine 1 mg iv improved arterial pressures but not flows. A switch to openchest (internal) cardiac massage (OCCM) after 2 h of external CPR significantly increased arterial and perfusion pressures (decreased venous pressures) and more than doubled CCABF; and resulted in a return of EEG activity and pupillary constriction. Prolonged standard CPR, and to a lesser extent MAST-augmented CPR, seem unlikely to maintain adequate oxygen transport for vital organ systems viability, particularly the brain. OCCM might better sustain viability.
Strain and strain rate echocardiography

Strain and strain rate echocardiography is an emerging technique for assessing myocardial systolic and diastolic function. It is envisioned that this modality could change the quantitative assessment of regional wall motion and improve the accuracy and reproducibility of test readings. Myocardial strain and strain rate can detect inducible ischemia and at earlier stages than visual estimation of wall motion or wall thickening parameters. Changes in systolic strain rate and strain have potential to discriminate between different myocardial viability states. Measurement of diastolic rate of deformation can differentiate physiologic from pathologic hypertrophy, and restrictive from constrictive cardiomyopathy. This article reviews basic principles and current experimental and clinical applications of strain and strain rate echocardiography.
Predictive Models for Long Term Survival after Premature Rupture of Membranes

Premature rupture of the membranes complicates 30 to 40% of the preterm deliveries. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM) before 26 weeks of gestation and to develop a predictive model for survival. We apply four statistical methods in order to construct a predictive model: Cox's proportional hazards model, logistic regression, least squares - support vector machines and generalized estimating equations. The obtained predictive models are tested on a prospective set and have a very good performance of > 95% for the area under the ROC-curve
Monitoring of postural sway with a head-mounted wearable device: effects of gender, participant state, and concussion

Objective: To assess the utility of a head-mounted wearable inertial motion unit (IMU)-based sensor and 3 proposed measures of postural sway to detect outliers in athletic populations at risk of balance impairments. Methods: Descriptive statistics are used to define a normative reference range of postural sway (eyes open and eyes closed) in a cross-sectional sample of 347 college students using a wireless head-mounted IMU-based sensor. Three measures of postural sway were derived: linear sway power, eyes closed vs eyes open sway power ratio (Ec/Eo ratio), and weight-bearing asymmetry (L-R ratio), and confidence intervals for these measures were calculated. Questionnaires were used to identify potentially confounding state variables. A prospective study of postural sway changes in 47 professional, college, and high school athletes was then carried out in on-field settings to provide estimates of session-to-session variability and the influence of routine physical activity on sway measures. Finally, pre-post-injury changes in sway are measured for a participant who was diagnosed with a concussion. Results: Despite the heterogenous population and sampling environments, well-defined confidence intervals were established for all 3 sway measures. Men demonstrated significantly greater sway than women. Two state variables significantly increased sway: the use of nicotine and prescription medications. In the athletes, session-to-session variability and changes due to routine physical activity remained well within 95% confidence intervals defined by the cross-sectional sample for all 3 sway measures. The increase in sway power following a diagnosed concussion was more than an order of magnitude greater than the increases due to session-to-session variability, physical activity, or other participant state variables. Conclusion: The proposed postural sway measures and head-mounted wearable sensor demonstrate analytic utility for on-field detection of abnormal sway that could be potentially useful when making remove-from-activity and return-to-activity decisions for athletes at risk of impact-induced balance impairments.
Signatures of DNA double strand breaks produced in irradiated G1 and G2 cells persist into mitosis

We have observed that some of the DNA damage or damage product caused by irradiation of interphase cells persisted throughout the cell cycle, and resulted in the expression of γ‐H2AX foci on the mitotic chromosomes. These mitotic expressions of damage after γ‐irradiation of G1 or G2 phase cells were compared in wild‐type CHO and their DNA repair deficient XR‐1 and UV‐1 cells. γ‐H2AX foci were located on one of the chromatids or on both chromatids as isolocus paired foci. DNA double strand break (DSB) repair deficient XR‐1 cells exhibited greater persistence of γ‐H2AX foci than wild‐type cells when irradiated at G1 phase. Delayed subculture after irradiation significantly reduced the persistence of damage in mitotic cells and the radiosensitivity in wild‐type cells, but this was not the case for XR‐1 cells. Interestingly, UV and crosslinking agents sensitive UV‐1 cells which show similar sensitivity to γ‐irradiation as wild‐type cells by γ‐irradiation, exhibited significantly higher γ‐H2AX persistence at mitosis when they were irradiated in G1‐phase but not in G2‐phase. One interpretation of this is that it is due to DNA damage accumulating at stalled replication forks. As in wild type cells, in delayed subculture after γ‐ray exposure of UV‐1 cells, a reduced number of foci was also seen. Our results suggest that the persistence of γ‐H2AX foci does not always correspond with the radiosensitivities of cells, but rather depends on cells' ability to repair the different kinds of DNA damages. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 760–765, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Importance of continued testicular suppression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer.

PURPOSE Patients in whom prostate cancer progresses despite testicular androgen ablation are generally said to have cancers that have become resistant to hormonal maneuvers. If androgen suppression has been pharmacologic, this therapy is often stopped before consideration of other systemic treatments. This exploratory study sought clinical correlates of experimental evidence that there may be substantial acceleration of tumor growth after cessation of androgen suppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective multivariate analysis was performed on survival data for 341 patients treated on four clinical trials of secondary therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Factors included in the model were recent weight loss, age, performance status, disease site (soft tissue v bone-dominant), prior radiotherapy, and continued androgen suppression v discontinued exogenous endocrine therapy. RESULTS Recent weight loss, age, performance status, and disease site were important prognostic factors for survival duration in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Correcting for these factors, continued testicular androgen suppression was also an important predictor of survival duration in all data sets examined. CONCLUSION This retrospective study showed a modest advantage in survival duration for men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer who continued to receive testicular androgen suppression. The hypothesis that continued hormonal maneuvers can still affect survival in this group warrants examination in prospective trials.
Context-Associative Hierarchical Memory Model for Human Activity Recognition and Prediction

Human activity recognition is a challenging high-level vision task, for which multiple factors, such as subject, object, and their diverse interactions, have to be considered and modeled. Current learning-based methods are limited in the capability to integrate human-level concepts into an easily extensible computational framework. Inspired by the existing human memory model, we present a context-associative approach to recognize activity with human-object interaction. The proposed system can recognize incoming visual content based on the previous experienced activities. The high-level activity is parsed into consecutive subactivities, and we build a context cluster to model the temporal relations. The semantic attributes of the subactivity are organized by a concept hierarchy. Based on the hierarchy, a series of similarity functions are defined to turn the recognition computing into retrievals over the contextual memory, similar to the auto-associative characteristics of human memory. Partially matching in retrieval and stored memory make the activity prediction possible. The dynamical evolution of the brain memory is mimicked to allow decay and reinforcement of the input information, providing a natural way to maintain data and save computational time. We evaluate our approach on three data sets: CAD-120, MHOI, and OPPORTUNITY. The proposed method demonstrates promising results compared with other state-of-the-art techniques.
A large-scale, consortium-based genomewide association study of asthma.

BACKGROUND Susceptibility to asthma is influenced by genes and environment; implicated genes may indicate pathways for therapeutic intervention. Genetic risk factors may be useful in identifying subtypes of asthma and determining whether intermediate phenotypes, such as elevation of the total serum IgE level, are causally linked to disease. METHODS We carried out a genomewide association study by genotyping 10,365 persons with physician-diagnosed asthma and 16,110 unaffected persons, all of whom were matched for ancestry. We used random-effects pooled analysis to test for association in the overall study population and in subgroups of subjects with childhood-onset asthma (defined as asthma developing before 16 years of age), later-onset asthma, severe asthma, and occupational asthma. RESULTS We observed associations of genomewide significance between asthma and the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms: rs3771166 on chromosome 2, implicating IL1RL1/IL18R1 (P=3×10(−9)); rs9273349 on chromosome 6, implicating HLA-DQ (P=7×10(−14)); rs1342326 on chromosome 9, flanking IL33 (P=9×10(−10)); rs744910 on chromosome 15 in SMAD3 (P=4×10(−9)); and rs2284033 on chromosome 22 in IL2RB (P=1.1×10(−8)). Association with the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus on chromosome 17q21 was specific to childhood-onset disease (rs2305480, P=6×10(−23)). Only HLA-DR showed a significant genomewide association with the total serum IgE concentration, and loci strongly associated with IgE levels were not associated with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Asthma is genetically heterogeneous. A few common alleles are associated with disease risk at all ages. Implicated genes suggest a role for communication of epithelial damage to the adaptive immune system and activation of airway inflammation. Variants at the ORMDL3/GSDMB locus are associated only with childhood-onset disease. Elevation of total serum IgE levels has a minor role in the development of asthma. (Funded by the European Commission and others.)