Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Semantics Processing in Content-Based 3D Model Retrieval

3D models are increasing greatly, and have been used in different fields. The need of retrieving 3D models is constantly emerging. Especially, how to reduce the ‘semantic gap’ between the low-level features and high-level semantics, becomes one of the most hot topic. This paper gives a deep survey about the state of the art on semantic processing in content-based 3D model retrieval. Firstly, a framework of contend-based 3D model retrieval system integrated with high-level semantics is presented. Secondly, this paper concludes existing researches and divides the way of high-level semantic processing into three main categories: (1) using relevance feedback based on-line learning to integrate effectively users’ high level semantic knowledge; (2) using off-line machine learning methods to narrow the gap between high-level semantic knowledge and low-level object representation; (3) using object ontology to define high-level concepts. Finally, the paper recommends some challenges in this field.
Queuing Theory Based Co-Channel Interference Analysis Approach for High-Density Wireless Local Area Networks

Increased co-channel interference (CCI) in wireless local area networks (WLANs) is bringing serious resource constraints to today’s high-density wireless environments. CCI in IEEE 802.11-based networks is inevitable due to the nature of the carrier sensing mechanism however can be reduced by resource optimization approaches. That means the CCI analysis is basic, but also crucial for an efficient resource management. In this article, we present a novel CCI analysis approach based on the queuing theory, which considers the randomness of end users’ behavior and the irregularity and complexity of network traffic in high-density WLANs that adopts the M/M/c queuing model for CCI analysis. Most of the CCIs occur when multiple networks overlap and trigger channel contentions; therefore, we use the ratio of signal-overlapped areas to signal coverage as a probabilistic factor to the queuing model to analyze the CCI impacts in highly overlapped WLANs. With the queuing model, we perform simulations to see how the CCI influences the quality of service (QoS) in high-density WLANs.
Networked Wireless Sensor Data Collection: Issues, Challenges, and Approaches

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been applied to many applications since emerging. Among them, one of the most important applications is Sensor Data Collections, where sensed data are collected at all or some of the sensor nodes and forwarded to a central base station for further processing. In this paper, we present a survey on recent advances in this research area. We first highlight the special features of sensor data collection in WSNs, by comparing with both wired sensor data collection network and other WSN applications. With these features in mind, we then discuss the issues and prior solutions on the utilizations of WSNs for sensor data collection. Based on different focuses of previous research works, we describe the basic taxonomy and propose to break down the networked wireless sensor data collection into three major stages, namely, the deployment stage, the control message dissemination stage and the data delivery stage. In each stage, we then discuss the issues and challenges, followed by a review and comparison of the previously proposed approaches and solutions, striving to identify the research and development trend behind them. In addition, we further discuss the correlations among the three stages and outline possible directions for the future research of the networked wireless sensor data collection.
Cognitive reserve, mood, and cognitive function in later life

Background: Cognitive reserve (CR) is the concept that was proposed to account for the incongruity in the associations between levels of neuropathology and cognitive function. It is difficult to directly assess CR and so it is frequently indicated by those activities thought to increase it – educational level, occupational complexity, and/or engagement in cognitively-stimulating activities. The evidence regarding the associations and inter-relationships between CR, mood, and cognitive function is conflicting. Previous research has focused on individual proxy measures of CR in investigating these associations; this thesis introduces a novel element by considering CR in terms of multiple proxy measures from across the lifespan in attempting to clarify these complex associations. Method: A meta-analysis synthesised the association between CR and domains of cognitive function in healthy older people. To explore whether CR is associated with self-reported experience of depressive thoughts and symptoms a survey of older people was conducted. To assess whether CR moderated the association between mood and cognitive function, a systematic review of existing evidence and a second survey of older people were conducted. These relationships were then further examined in a large cohort study, representative of the English population aged over 65. Results: Higher levels of the three most commonly used proxy measures of CR, individually and in combination, are all associated with better cognitive function and with decreased subclinical and clinical levels of mood disorders and associated thoughts. CR was found to moderate the associations between mood and cognition across the systematic review and both empirical studies; higher levels of depression and anxiety have greater negative associations with cognitive function in those with lower than higher levels of CR. Conclusions: It is important to continue to build on CR throughout the lifespan in order to maintain cognitive and psychological function and to help mitigate against the negative effect that depression and anxiety can have on cognition.
Throughput Analysis of Decentralized Coded Content Caching in Cellular Networks

Decentralized coded content caching for next generation cellular networks is studied. The contents are linearly combined and cached in under-utilized caches of user terminals and its throughput capacity is compared with decentralized uncoded content caching. In both scenarios, we consider multihop device-to-device communications and the use of femtocaches in the network. It is shown that decentralized coded content caching can increase the network throughput capacity compared to decentralized uncoded caching by reducing the number of hops needed to deliver the desired content. Furthermore, the throughput capacity for Zipfian content request distribution is computed and it is shown that the decentralized coded content cache placement can increase the throughput capacity of cellular networks by a factor of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(\log (n))^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> where <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the number of nodes served by a femtocache.
Control Scheme of Object Manipulation Based on Tactile Sensing in Humanoid Robot Arm

Object manipulation is one of the important tasks in robotics. Tactile sensor system is essential as a sensory device to support robot control system. This paper present a precision control scheme of multi-fingered humanoid robot arm based on tactile sensing information to perform object manipulation tasks. With the aim to enhance the ability to recognize and manipulate object in humanoid robot, we developed a novel optical three-axis tactile sensor system mounted on fingertips of the humanoid robot fingers. This tactile sensor applies an optical waveguide transduction method, and capable of acquiring normal and shearing force. Trajectory generation based on kinematical solutions at the arm and fingers, together with control system structure and sensing principle of the tactile sensor system are presented. Object manipulation experiments are conducted using hard and soft objects. Experimental results revealed that the proposed control scheme enable the finger system to recognize low force interactions based on tactile sensing information to grasp the object surface and manipulate it without causing damage to the object and the sensor elements.
An introductory review of parallel independent component analysis (p-ICA) and a guide to applying p-ICA to genetic data and imaging phenotypes to identify disease-associated biological pathways and systems in common complex disorders

Complex inherited phenotypes, including those for many common medical and psychiatric diseases, are most likely underpinned by multiple genes contributing to interlocking molecular biological processes, along with environmental factors (Owen et al., 2010). Despite this, genotyping strategies for complex, inherited, disease-related phenotypes mostly employ univariate analyses, e.g., genome wide association. Such procedures most often identify isolated risk-related SNPs or loci, not the underlying biological pathways necessary to help guide the development of novel treatment approaches. This article focuses on the multivariate analysis strategy of parallel (i.e., simultaneous combination of SNP and neuroimage information) independent component analysis (p-ICA), which typically yields large clusters of functionally related SNPs statistically correlated with phenotype components, whose overall molecular biologic relevance is inferred subsequently using annotation software suites. Because this is a novel approach, whose details are relatively new to the field we summarize its underlying principles and address conceptual questions regarding interpretation of resulting data and provide practical illustrations of the method.
Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives

Oliver E. Williamson University of California, Berkeley This paper combines institutional economics with aspects of contract law and organization theory to identify and explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms of economic organization-market, hybrid, and hierarchy. The analysis shows that the three generic forms are distinguished by different coordinating and control mechanisms and by different abilities to adapt to disturbances. Also, each generic form is supported and defined by a distinctive type of contract law. The costeffective choice of organization form is shown to vary systematically with the attributes of transactions. The paper unifies two hitherto disjunct areas of institutional economics-the institutional environment and the institutions of governance-by treating the institutional environment as a locus of parameters, changes in which parameters bring about shifts in the comparative costs of governance. Changes in property rights, contract law, reputation effects, and uncertainty are investigated. '
Disruption of Rho signal transduction upon cell detachment

Serum-soluble factors play a dominant role in the activation of the small GTPase RhoA. Cell adhesion also modulates RhoA activity but the effect is modest in the absence of serum. Here, we show that cell adhesion is required for serum-stimulated Rho signal transduction leading to myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Characterization of Rho-kinase substrates revealed that diphosphorylation of MLC at Thr-18 and Ser-19 (ppMLCT18/S19) and phosphorylation of the myosin-binding subunit (MBS) of myosin phosphatase at Thr-853 (pMBST853) were mostly Rho and Rho-kinase dependent in attached fibroblasts. MLC monophosphorylation at Ser-19 (pMLCS19) was partially dependent on Rho kinase, whereas phosphorylation of MBS at Thr-696 (pMBST696) and phosphorylation of CPI-17 at Thr-38 (pCPI-17T38) were mostly Rho-kinase independent. Cell detachment caused a significant reduction in pMLCS19 and a more dramatic decrease of ppMLCT18/S19 without inhibiting RhoA. pMBST853, pMBST696 and pCPI-17T38 were not significantly reduced, suggesting that myosin-phosphatase activity was little changed. Cells expressing active RhoA (RhoAV14) or Rho-kinase catalytic domain maintained elevated pMBST853 upon detachment but failed to support ppMLCT18/S19, indicating that the ability of Rho kinase to phosphorylate MLC is impaired. Reattachment to immobilized fibronectin resulted in a gradual recovery of Rho-kinase-induced ppMLCT18/S19 that is absent from the cells attached to poly-L-lysine. The convergence of signals from soluble factors and cell adhesion might therefore occur at the point of MLC phosphorylation, providing an effective mechanism for dynamic control of contractility during cell migration.
Evaluation of Linguistics-Based Translation

We report on the evaluation of the Norwegian-English MT prototype system LOGON. The system is rule-based and makes use of well-established frameworks for analysis and generation (LFG and HPSG). Minimal Recursion Semantics is the glue which performs transfer from source to target language and serves as the information vehicle between LFG and HPSG. The project-internal testing uses material from the training data sources from the domain guidebooks for mountain hiking in the summer season in Southern Norway. This testing, involving eight external assessors, yielded 57 % translated sentences, with acceptable fidelity measures, but with less than acceptable fluency measures. Additional test 1: The LOGON system is sensitive to vocabulary, so we were interested to see to what extent the system would be able to carry over to new texts from the same narrow domain. With only 22 % acceptable translations, this test had disappointing results. Additional test 2: Given the grammatical backbone of the system, we found it important to test it on a syntactic test-suite with only known vocabulary. Here, 55 % of the sentences had good translations. The tests show that even within a very narrow semantic domain, vocabulary sensitivity is the most crucial obstacle for this approach.
The related effects of item characteristics in measures of epistemological beliefs

ABSTRACT Personal epistemology is concerned with people’s beliefs or assumptions about the nature of knowledge and knowing. Whilst contributions in this field can be traced back to the 1970s, fundamental questions about the ontology and epistemology of the construct still remain. The current study explored the effects of three characteristics of questions aimed at eliciting epistemological assumptions on our interpretations of an individual’s assumptions, namely the level of directness with which questions targeted assumptions, the domainspecificity of the question, and whether the questions were open or closed-ended. A paper-and-pencil measure was designed to manipulate these variables, and the interpretations made about the assumptions of 35 postgraduate Psychology students were compared. The results suggested that the characteristics do exert an influence and caution is raised regarding the validity of methodologies that are used in the study of personal epistemology.
Augmented Graph Models for Small-World Analysis with Geographic Factors

Small-world properties, such as small-diameter and clustering, and the power-law property are widely recognized as common features of large-scale real-world networks. Recent studies also notice two important geographical factors which play a significant role, particularly in Internet related setting. These two are the distance-bias tendency (links tend to connect to closer nodes) and the property of bounded growth in localities. However, existing formal models for real-world complex networks usually don't fully consider these geographical factors. We describe a flexible approach using a standard augmented graph model (e.g. Watt and Strogatz's [33], and Kleinberg's [20] models) and present important initial results on a refined model where we focus on the small-diameter characteristic and the above two geographical factors. We start with a general model where an arbitrary initial node-weighted graph H is augmented with additional random links specified by a generic 'distribution rule' τ and the weights of nodes in H. We consider a refined setting where the initial graph H is associated with a growth-bounded metric, and τ has a distance-bias characteristic, specified by parameters as follows. The base graph H has neighborhood growth bounded from both below and above, specified by parameters β1, β2 > 0. (These parameters can be thought of as the dimension of the graph, e.g. β1 = 2 and β1 = 3 for a graph modeling a setting with nodes in both 2D and 3D settings.) That is 2β1 ≤ Nu(2r)/Nu(r) ≤ 2β2 where Nu(r) is the number of nodes v within metric distance r from u: d(u, v) ≤ r. When we add random links using distribution τ, this distribution is specified by parameter α > 0 such that the probability that a link from u goes to v ≠ u is ∝ 1/dα(u,v). We show which parameters produce a small-diameter graph and how the diameter changes depending on the relationship between the distance-bias parameter α and the two bounded growth parameters β1, β2 > 0. In particular, for most connected base graphs, the diameter of our augmented graph is logarithmic if α ≤ β1, and poly-log if β2 ≤ α 2β2. These results also suggest promising implications for applications in designing routing algorithms.
The Quantitative Analysis of Drugs

vestigation continues into the causes and prevention of prematurity, the care of prematures requires constant reappraisal. The second edition of Ethel Dunham's manual on premature infants is both an excellent reference source and guide for the care of these patients. The first section of the book is concerned with such general considerations as the incidence, causes, and prevention of prematurity and with the prognosis and developmental progress of infants who are prematurely born; the second section deals with clinical problems such as the care and feeding of prematures and the disease states to which they may be subject; the concluding part of the manual deals adequately with the important public health aspects of prematurity. Helpful ancillary data have been included in the appendix. This monograph is a solid piece of work and may be highly recommended. Rather than having the superficial, sketchy, and dogmatic character of many handbooks, the material presented here is concise, well chosen, and carefully documented. The inclusion of extensive and pertinent bibliography will facilitate further reading. This is the second edition of a book published before the last war under the title, Druigs and Galenicals. The intention of the author to keep pace with the considerable expansion of the field of medicinal chemicals has been well met. It is indeed a comprehensive survey of drugs including galenicals, synthetic drugs, metallic elements, and essential oils, as well as complex mixtures of drugs. These substances are listed conveniently in alphabetical order, with separate categories for essential oils and for oils, fats, and waxes. The convenience of this system breaks down, however, when one finds aureomycin, dihyprostreptomycin, and neomycin listed under penicillin , rather than all being listed logically under the general heading of antibiotics. Two factors seem to have entered into the selection of the textual material. The author admits to leaning heavily upon the accepted methodology of the U. S. and British Pharmacopoeia, although he makes clear that the book is intended to supplement the official compendia by emphasizing quantitative aspects of analysis. Certainly the author's own analytical experience as Chief Analyst of the Boots Pure Drug Company of Great Britain has played no small r6le in the selection and organization of material and adds to the value of the book. The format, which includes the indentation of all methods giving experimental details, facilitates rapid consultation and should be appreciated. A book of this kind must of …
Current evaluation practices of diversity trainers in German-speaking countries

Abstract Diversity training has been greatly expanded in recent years in order to help people deal with the challenges of increased social diversity. However, little is known about the systematic evaluation of diversity training. The present research surveyed 172 diversity trainers concerning their evaluation practices with regard to diversity training. Although outcome evaluation is considered an important goal of training evaluations, most diversity trainers conducted the evaluations themselves and focused mainly on trainees’ self-reported attitudes towards the training as assessed (directly) after the implementation of the training. The results are discussed in terms of their practical implications for improving training evaluation.
Pitfalls in the measurement of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor.

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a protein with antiapoptotic, mitogenic, and permeability-increasing activities specific for vascular endothelium. VEGF mRNA, which has five isoforms, is produced by nonmalignant cells in response to hypoxia and inflammation and by tumor cells in constitutively high concentrations. Because VEGF plays a crucial role in physiological and pathophysiological angiogenesis, measurements of circulating VEGF are of diagnostic and prognostic value, e.g., in cardiovascular failures, inflammatory diseases, and malignancies. However, there are major quantitative differences in the published results. This review attempts to identify reasons for these disparities. APPROACH The literature was reviewed through a Medline search covering 1995 to 2000. A selection of exemplary references had to be made for this perspective overview. CONTENT Data are included from studies on healthy humans, gynecological patients, and persons suffering from inflammatory or malignant diseases. The results indicate that competitive immunoassays detect the total amount of circulating VEGF, which enables observations regarding the increase in VEGF in pregnancy and preeclampsia to be made. In these cases, capture immunoassays utilizing neutralizing antibodies are insufficient because of an accompanying increase in VEGF-binding soluble receptors (sFlt-1). Measurements of circulating free VEGF are useful for study of malignant diseases, which are associated with both genetically and hypoxia-induced overproduction of VEGF. The VEGF isoform specificity of the antibodies is also critical because both VEGF(121) and VEGF(165) are secreted. It is important to consider that platelets and leukocytes release VEGF during blood clotting. CONCLUSIONS Future efforts should concentrate on the balance between free VEGF, total VEGF, and sFlt-1. Plasma, rather than serum, should be used for analysis.
An Efficient LDA Algorithm for Face Recognition

It has been demonstrated that the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) approach outperforms the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach in face recognition tasks. Due to the high dimensionality of a image space, many LDA based approaches, however, first use the PCA to project an image into a lower dimensional space or so-called face space, and then perform the LDA to maximize the discriminatory power. In this paper, we propose a new, unified LDA/PCA algorithm for face recognition. The new algorithm maximizes the LDA criterion directly without a separate PCA step. This eliminates the possibility of losing discriminative information due to a separate PCA step. We discuss the connection between the new algorithm and the traditionalPCA+LDA approach. We also prove that the new algorithm is equivalent to the eigenface (PCA) approach in a special case, where each person has only one sample in the training set. The feasibility of the new algorithm has been demonstrated by experimental results.