Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An In-Network Caching Scheme Based on Energy Efficiency for Content-Centric Networks

Content-centric networking (CCN) has emerged as a promising architecture for future Internet due to its in-network caching capability and the receiver-driven content retrieval paradigm. Recently, the growing energy consumption driven by explosive increase of network traffic has become a key issue in CCN and caused widespread academic concern. In this paper, we construct a model to analyze the energy consumption of content distribution in CCN, and propose an energy efficiency based in-network caching scheme. In this scheme, a judging condition is designed to reduce the total energy consumption of content dissemination, and then in combination with content popularity and node importance, a cache placement strategy is proposed to optimize the selection of caching nodes. Furthermore, a neighbor cooperation-based cache replacement strategy is also proposed, which uses the cache resource of neighbor nodes to increase the chances of content being cached and improve the quality of caching service and resource utilization. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can outperform the existing schemes in terms of the high cache hit rate, the low average response hops, and the low whole energy consumption.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Signatures of competition and strain structure within the major blood-stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum in a local community in Ghana

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Characterization and development of a method to quantify biodiesel obtained from renewable resources

Biofuels are introduced as environmentally friendly alternatives to replace fossil fuels. One of the most studied biofuels is biodiesel, which is produced from vegetable oils, animal fat, and algae lipids. However, this fuel has been considered very expensive to produce, which is why it is necessary to search for ways in which its production, characterization, and quantification may be less expensive. This study performed simple tests to characterize and measure physical parameters of 4 different types of biodiesels: soy, sunflower, canola, and corn, produced through a transesterification reaction using potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst and methanol (CH3OH). Characterization of methyl esters was performed using TLC and GC-MS, and GC-FID was used for quantification. Physical parameters such as density, viscosity, and flash point were easily measured and without an elevated cost. It was also possible to develop a method to quantify biodiesel using only methyl dodecanoate (12:0) as internal standard and a sample of the biodiesel that wants to be analyzed. The method shows that thanks to a response factor 1:1 between the mass ratio and the peak areas ratio it is possible to quantify the percentage of each ester found in biodiesel only by knowing the value of the peak areas. It was also found that calibration curves of individual standards could not be used to quantify biodiesel because of a matrix effect. This is why the developed method, which uses only the internal standard and the sample of biodiesel that wants to be analyzed, is a much more effective and less expensive method than the one that uses standards.
Automata with Group Actions

Our motivating question is a My hill-Nerode theorem for infinite alphabets. We consider several kinds of those: alphabets whose letters can be compared only for equality, but also ones with more structure, such as a total order or a partial order. We develop a framework for studying such alphabets, where the key role is played by the automorphism group of the alphabet. This framework builds on the idea of nominal sets of Gabbay and Pitts, nominal sets are the special case of our framework where letters can be only compared for equality. We use the framework to uniformly generalize to infinite alphabets parts of automata theory, including decidability results. In the case of letters compared for equality, we obtain automata equivalent in expressive power to finite memory automata, as defined by Francez and Kaminski.
Sero-prevalence and Molecular Detection of Brucella species in Slaughter Pigs (Sus scrofa) of Punjab, India

Huge losses have been reported due to brucellosis in livestock populations of the country. However, limited studies have been carried out on porcine brucellosis in India. As far as we are aware, this is the first epidemiologic study carried out to determine Brucella species circulating in naturally infected pigs (Sus scrofa) in Punjab, India. The blood samples were collected from 330 pigs slaughtered in small slaughter shops located in 5 districts of Punjab state of India. The samples were screened using Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT), Standard tube agglutination test (STAT) and ELISA. For molecular identification, conventional PCR was employed on all the seropositive and 30 negative samples. Nine (2.72%), eight (2.42%) and ten (3.03%) samples were found positive using RBPT, STAT and ELISA, respectively. Out of 10 seropositive samples, 4 were found positive using conventional PCR. The results indicate that pigs are infected with Brucella species and policies must be developed for prevention and control of brucellosis in the country.
P3DB: a plant protein phosphorylation database

P3DB (http://www.p3db.org/) provides a resource of protein phosphorylation data from multiple plants. The database was initially constructed with a dataset from oilseed rape, including 14 670 nonredundant phosphorylation sites from 6382 substrate proteins, representing the largest collection of plant phosphorylation data to date. Additional protein phosphorylation data are being deposited into this database from large-scale studies of Arabidopsis thaliana and soybean. Phosphorylation data from current literature are also being integrated into the P3DB. With a web-based user interface, the database is browsable, downloadable and searchable by protein accession number, description and sequence. A BLAST utility was integrated and a phosphopeptide BLAST browser was implemented to allow users to query the database for phosphopeptides similar to protein sequences of their interest. With the large-scale phosphorylation data and associated web-based tools, P3DB will be a valuable resource for both plant and nonplant biologists in the field of protein phosphorylation.
Nonlinear state estimation for three tank experimental setup: A comparative evaluation

Nonlinear state estimation is a pre-requisite for advanced process control and fault diagnosis tasks. In literature, various recursive nonlinear filtering techniques have been proposed and used for state estimation of nonlinear systems. Over the last few years, Moving Horizon Estimation (MHE) is increasingly being used for state estimation of nonlinear systems. Moving horizon estimation works with a window of data and hence requires additional online computation compared to recursive nonlinear filters. However, MHE performs both smoothing and filtering and thus has the potential to obtain more accurate state estimates as compared to the recursive filters. Most of the available comparisons of MHE with recursive filters are based on simulation case studies where the true states and parameters, as well as noise processes are exactly known. In this work, we apply MHE to a three-tank experimental setup and compare its performance with various nonlinear filters available in literature such as Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) and Gaussian Sum EKF (GSEKF). We present some of the challenges in experimental implementation of state estimation approaches. These include presence of unknown disturbances, non-whiteness of noise signals as well as lack of accurate measurements. We then discuss the approach followed for obtaining model parameters and noise characterization to make the models amenable for filter implementation. It is found that EKF, GSEKF and UKF perform as well as MHE as far as accuracy is concerned, but require significantly lower computational efforts.
Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems ( PACIS ) 7-15-2012 Enhancing Transparency In Land Transaction Process By Reference Architecture For Workflow Management System

Transparency has been attracting attentions of public management especially in land administration. Land transaction is function of land administration and highly demands transparency as much as other types of transaction. On the other hand, technological world has been supporting a lot for enhancing transparency in administrative field. One of them is Workflow Management System (WfMS) which has been supporting for transaction process not only for private sector but also for public sector. This study aims to develop high level of abstract architecture of WfMS – Reference Architecture (RA) for enhancing transparency in land transaction process. In land administration, there are functional and structural requirements for transparency. On the other hand, transaction process has four properties which are atomicity, isolation, consistency, durability (ACID). All of these requirements are believed to bring transparency for land transaction but which ones are needed to impose in reference architecture for WfMS. They were defined by theory and practice in Netherlands case dealing about WfMS and transparency. The paper found that, besides ACID in theory and practice, there should be incorporation of functional and structural requirements for designing RA. The study based on the case of Netherlands and qualitative method to analyze and conclude theoretical and practical lessons for design stage; also test the design whether it can enhance transparency in land transaction. Several design elements pointed out from the lessons were embraced in the designed reference architecture. The design has three layers: client, server and database. For higher level of detail, architecture was developed from the reference architecture with organizational, computational, engineering and information viewpoints. Each of components supposes to show several transparency criteria. The architecture was implemented in WfMS based Geo-information system (GIS) software environment. Based on transparency criteria, implementation and verification was conducted and proved that reference architecture can enhance transparency but depend on implementation architecture and chosen software.
The wmN1 enhancer region in intron 1 is required for expression of human PLP1

The myelin proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) encodes the most abundant protein present in myelin from the central nervous system (CNS). Its expression must be tightly controlled as evidenced by mutations that alter PLP1 dosage; both overexpression (elevated PLP1 copy number) and lack thereof (PLP1 deletion) result in X‐linked genetic disorders in man. However, not much is known about the mechanisms that govern expression of the human gene. To address this, transgenic mice were generated which utilize human PLP1 (hPLP1) sequences (proximal 6.2 kb of 5′‐flanking DNA to the first 38 bp of exon 2) to drive expression of a lacZ reporter cassette. LoxP sites were incorporated around a 1.5‐kb section of hPLP1 intron 1 since it contains sequence orthologous to the wmN1 region from mouse which, previously, was shown to augment expression of a minimally‐promoted transgene coincident with the active myelination period of CNS development. Eight transgenic lines were generated with the parental, 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL, transgene. All lines expressed the transgene appropriately in brain as evidenced by staining with X‐gal in white matter regions and olfactory bulb. Removal of the “wmN1” region from 6.2hPLP(+)Z/FL with a ubiquitously expressed Cre‐driver caused a dramatic reduction in transgene activity. These results demonstrate for the first time that the wmN1 enhancer region: (1) is functional in hPLP1; (2) works in collaboration with its native promoter—not just a basal heterologous promoter; (3) is required for high levels of hPLP1 gene activity; (4) has a broader effect, both spatially and temporally, than originally projected with mPlp1.
Engineering details of a stable force-directed placer

Analytic placement methods that simultaneously minimize wire length and spread cells are receiving renewed attention from both academia and industry. We describe the implementation details of a force-directed placer, FDP. Specifically, we provide: (1) a description of efficient force computation for spreading cells; (2) an illustration of numerical instability in these methods and a means by which these instabilities are avoided; (3) spread metrics for measuring cell distribution throughout the placement region; and (4) a complementary technique which aids in directly minimizing HPWL. We present results comparing our analytic placer to other academic tools for both standard cell and mixed-size designs. Compared to Kraftwerk and Capo 8.7, our tool produces results with an average improvement of 9% and 3%, respectively.
MIGDroid: Detecting APP-Repackaging Android malware via method invocation graph

With the increasing popularity of Android platform, Android malware, especially APP-Repackaging malware wherein the malicious code is injected into legitimate Android applications, is spreading rapidly. This paper proposes a new system named MIGDroid, which leverages method invocation graph based static analysis to detect APP-Repackaging Android malware. The method invocation graph reflects the “interaction” connections between different methods. Such graph can be naturally exploited to detect APP-Repackaging malware because the connections between injected malicious code and legitimate applications are expected to be weak. Specifically, MIGDroid first constructs method invocation graph on the smali code level, and then divides the method invocation graph into weakly connected sub-graphs. To determine which sub-graph corresponds to the injected malicious code, the threat score is calculated for each sub-graph based on the invoked sensitive APIs, and the subgraphs with higher scores will be more likely to be malicious. Experiment results based on 1,260 Android malware samples in the real world demonstrate the specialty of our system in detecting APP-Repackaging Android malware, thereby well complementing existing static analysis systems (e.g., Androguard) that do not focus on APP-Repackaging Android malware.
Words and alternative basic units for linguistic analysis

The paper deals with words and possible alternative to words as basic units in linguistic theory, especially in interlinguistic comparison and corpus linguistics. A number of ways of defining the word are discussed and related to the analysis of linguistic corpora and to interlinguistic comparisons between corpora of spoken interaction. Problems associated with words as the basic units and alternatives to the traditional notion of word as a basis for corpus analysis and linguistic comparisons are presented and discussed.
A curriculum for bioinformatics: the time is ripe

There seems to be wide agreement within both industry and academia that there are not enough scientists adequately trained in bioinformatics or computational biology. This sentiment stems principally from the difficulties in finding employees, graduate students and post-docs with appropriate skills for joining research and/or development teams in this field. The recent drain of academics into industry threatens to reduce our ability to provide the training needed to meet the demand of the job markets. An obvious question is 'What is the proper curriculum for bioinformatics professionals? ' At first, the idea of defining a curriculum for bioinformatics may seem premature. The very definition of bioinformatics is still the matter of some debate. Although some interpret it narrowly as the information science techniques needed to support genome analysis, many have begun to use it synonymously with 'computational molecular biology' or even all of 'computational biology'. For this discussion of curriculum, bioinformatics addresses problems related to the storage, retrieval and analysis of information about biological structure, sequence and function. There are currently two models for training. In the first model, post-doctoral fellows with core training in a technical field (such as computer science) or in a subdiscipline of biology receive speciality training in computational biology in order to become a 'computer scientist who specializes in biology' or a 'biologist who specializes in computer science'. While a valuable strategy, the post-doctoral model suffers because it is an expensive way (both in time and resources) to train individuals — learning the 'other' field is in many cases like going back to graduate school. In the second model, therefore, graduate students are trained primarily in bioinformatics or computational biology, without a preliminary training in one of the contributing disciplines. The curriculum for these students must provide them with a skill set that is long-lived and endures beyond the current fads of what is considered 'hot'. These students will not have traditional biological science or technical training to fall back on, and so it is critical that we provide the next generation with skills to solve industrial and academic problems that we cannot anticipate. I approach the problem of defining curriculum with a bias that bioinformatics is not simply a proper subset of biology or computer science, but has a growing and independent base of scientific tenets that requires specific training not appropriate for either biology or computer science alone. An appropriate academic curriculum for the …
Pediatric Emergency CT Scans at a Children's Hospital and at Community Hospitals: Radiation Technical Factors Are an Important Source of Radiation Exposure.

OBJECTIVE This article compares the technical factors-in particular, tube current and voltage-and the resultant exposure to radiation associated with CT examinations performed at a children's hospital and at more general community hospital emergency departments (EDs). MATERIALS AND METHODS CT scans obtained at community hospital EDs were retrospectively reviewed and compared with CT scans obtained at a children's hospital, to assess differences in kilovoltage, tube current, and volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) used. The number of scans obtained during the contrast-enhanced phase was also assessed. Parametric and nonparametric statistical analyses were used to test differences. RESULTS A total of 233 body CT examinations were performed at community hospitals, and 287 were performed at a children's hospital. At both types of hospital, the median patient age was 12 years (p = 0.66). Of the body CT scans obtained at community hospitals that focused on the care of adult patients, 194 of 233 (83%) used a tube voltage of 120 kVp, 29 of 233 (12%) used 100 kVp, and two of 233 (< 1%) used 80 kVp. Of the body CT scans obtained at the children's hospital, 121 of 287 (42%) used a tube voltage of 120 kVp, 129 of 287 (45%) used 100 kVp, and 36 of 287 (13%) used 80 kVp. The median tube current was also lower at the children's hospital (110 vs 125 mA) (p < 0.001). At the community hospitals, 11 of 233 studies were multiphasic, whereas at the children's hospital, there were no multiphasic studies. For all CT types, the median CTDIvol was 4.9 mGy (range, 2.5-8.2 mGy) at the children's hospital and 8.6 mGy (range, 6.0-14.4 mGy) at the community hospitals (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that a large proportion of children who undergo CT at community hospitals receive relatively higher radiation doses than children who undergo CT at children's hospitals. This finding is related to the higher tube settings (in particular, kilovoltage) used at community hospitals.
Complexity of finite-horizon Markov decision process problems

Controlled stochastic systems occur in science engineering, manufacturing, social sciences, and many other cntexts. If the systems is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP) and will run ad infinitum, the optimal control policy can be computed in polynomial time using linear programming. The problems considered here assume that the time that the process will run is finite, and based on the size of the input. There are mny factors that compound the complexity of computing the optimal policy. For instance, there are many factors that compound the complexity of this computation. For instance, if the controller does not have complete information about the state of the system, or if the system is represented in some very succint manner, the optimal policy is provably not computable in time polynomial in the size of the input. We analyze the computational complexity of evaluating policies and of determining whether a sufficiently good policy exists for a MDP, based on a number of confounding factors, including the observability of the system state; the succinctness of the representation; the type of policy; even the number of actions relative to the number of states. In almost every case, we show that the decision problem is complete for some known complexity class. Some of these results are familiar from work by Papadimitriou and Tsitsiklis and others, but some, such as our PL-completeness proofs, are surprising. We include proofs of completeness for natural problems in the as yet little-studied classes NPPP.
The Surface Finishing Technologies on Printed Wiring Boards

プリント基板は絶縁体の上に銅などで回路を形成した基板 で,この上に半導体や抵抗,コンデンサなどの部品を搭載し て,電子機器を製造するための主要な部品である。 こう言う 基板の発想は 1900 年ころよりあったが,1950 年代にトラン ジスタラジオが製造されるようになり,これにプリント基板 が用いられたことから急速な技術展開が起こった。 はじめは プリント基板の片面だけに回路を形成した素朴なものであっ たが,1980 年代にはコンピューター用に数十層におよぶ多 層微細配線基板が開発されるようになった。 その後は,コア 基板に薄い絶縁フィルムを積層し,これにフォトリソグラ フィー技術とめっき技術を組み合わせて微細配線を形成する ビルドアップ基板も開発された。 この技術の先駆けとして, IBMは 1992 年に SLC(Surface Laminar Circuit)の量産を開始 している 。 このような基板の開発が行われたのはMPU (Micro Processor Unit)の高速,高機能化が進み,その実装に ビルドアップ基板が採用されたことが大きな要因である。 こ の基板は 1997 年にインテルによりフリップチップ用のパッ ケージに採用された 。 その結果,様々な構造や材料のパッ ケージ用ビルドアップ基板が提案され,従来のプリント基板 とは異なる技術展開がなされた。 この進化形として,現在で はビルドアップ層のみで構成されたコアレス基板や ETS (Embedded Trace Substrate)基板も提案されている。 最も一般的なプリント基板はリジッド基板と呼ばれるが, その他,ポリイミド基板に回路を形成したフレキシブル基板 や,両者を組み合わせたフレックスリジッド基板,また,基 板内に抵抗やキャパシターなどの部品を内蔵した部品内蔵基 板もある。 最先端の基板実装技術としては,これらのプリン ト基板技術に加え,TSV(Through Silicon Via)が形成された シリコンインターポーザ―を使用した 2. 5Dや 3D技術など が開発され小型,高機能,薄型化が実現されている。 プリント基板の材料はガラス布にエポキシ樹脂をコーティ ングし,これに銅箔を積層したものが一般的である。 近年は 半導体パッケージ用の基板として,熱膨張係数が小さく,よ り耐熱性に優れるなど,信頼性の高いビスマレイミドトリア ジン樹脂(BT樹脂)基板が広く使用されている。 ビルドアッ プ層の材料もエポキシ系,PPE(ポリフェニレンエーテル)系, 液晶ポリマーなどいろいろなものが開発されている。 耐熱性, 熱膨張係数,誘電率,吸水率などを考慮して材料選定がなさ れるが,現状ではデスミア処理で密着の良いめっき膜が形成 できる利点からエポキシ系の材料が主流となっている 。 プリント基板の基本技術はエッチングによる回路形成とビ アホールによる表裏面間の導通路の形成である。 ビアはドリ ルにより形成され,ビアの内壁面は無電解銅めっきと電解銅 めっきにより厚い銅めっき層が形成される。 これからも分か る通り,無電解銅めっき法はプリント基板技術の基本技術の 一つであり,これに関連するデスミア技術,めっき触媒核形 成用活性化処理などもめっき膜の密着性を得るための重要技 術である。 厚付け用の電解銅めっき液は均一電着性に優れた 硫酸銅めっき液が開発され,めっき膜は展延性など優れた特 性を持っている。 さらにこの技術とフォトレジストとを組み 合わせた SAP(Semi Additive Process)法やMSAP(Modified Semi Additive Process)法という微細配線形成技術が開発され, 最先端では線幅が数ミクロンの回路形成が行われている。 ビ ルドアップ基板ではマイクロビアのビアフィルめっきも行わ れており,多段に積み重ねられたマイクロビアは基板の小型 化に寄与するとともに,ループインダクタンスの低減などの 特性向上にも貢献している。 現在ではさらに部品内蔵基板へ の展開が進んでおり,スマートフォン用の基板など,従来の プリント基板技術の枠外への展開も進められている。 このように現在ではプリント基板技術は様々に展開されて いるが,本稿ではおおよそ 1990 年以降のプリント基板技術 の展開を基本に置きながら,めっきをメインとした表面処理 技術の展開について述べることにする。 プリント配線板に関する最近の表面処理技術動向