Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SOAP: A cognitive hybrid routing protocol for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

With the shift towards wireless technology increasing at a faster rate than ever before, it is becoming ever more important to focus on optimising the routing functionality of a wireless network. The purpose of this paper is to outline the different types of routing that can be applied in a Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) and to propose a new routing protocol named SOAP. The SOAP routing protocol is designed as a cognitive hybrid protocol, making use of the functionality that exists in the popular proactive OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing) and reactive AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) MANET routing protocols. The paper concludes that the SOAP protocol brings about performance improvements across a few Quality of Service metrics such as a lower delay than AODV and a lower routing overhead than OLSR but more work needs to be placed in ensuring its reliability and consistency across different network conditions. The SOAP protocol did not perform consistently in terms of packet loss and throughput and these issues should be addressed in further research.
Extending a Taxonomy of Bad Code Smells with Metrics

Bad Smells define in an informal way code flaws, in order to suggest refactorings, their aim is to improve the design of the code. Current taxonomies group code smells, making use of similarity or correlation criteria between them, and leading to a manual revision of the code. By other side, it is suggested the assistance of using metrics in the detection of bad smells. Metrics can be collected automatically helping to suggest the presence of flaws. Nevertheless, current taxonomies do not link these concepts. This work tries to establish additional criteria when we want to classify bad smells. These criteria are also related to metric features. Following the current classifications, we propose a method to evaluate the suitability of the tools assisting bad code smell detection, as well as selection and implementation of metrics linked with bad code smells.
Cross Scan Buffer and its Applications

We propose the Cross Scanline Buffer which preserves the result of hidden surface removal as performed by the Cross Scanline Algorithm. The Cross Scan Buffer reduces image re‐generation time and eliminates aliasing artifacts even if the image is arbitrarily scaled. Perfect anti‐aliasing is achieved because the Cross Scanline Algorithm analytically determines visible polygonal surfaces and divides them into sets of triangles and trapezia. The Cross Scan Buffer supports the various applications that currently use the conventional buffering methods for anti‐aliasing. This paper introduces and tests three applications: image scaling, shadow creation, and texture mapping. Experimental results verify that the Cross Scan Buffer is very powerful yet efficient.
Organic Anion Transporter 5 Renal Expression and Urinary Excretion in Rats with Vascular Calcification

It has been described renal damage in rats with vascular calcification. The organic anion transporter 5 (Oat5) is only expressed in kidney, and its urinary excretion was proposed as potential early biomarker of renal injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Oat5 renal expression and its urinary excretion in an experimental model of vascular calcification in comparison with traditional markers of renal injury. Vascular calcification was obtained by the administration of an overdose of vitamin D3 (300,000 IU/kg, b.w., i.m.) to male Wistar rats. Oat5 urinary abundance was evaluated by Western blotting. Traditional markers of renal injury, such as creatinine and urea plasma levels, urinary protein levels, and urinary alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, were determined using commercial kits. Histology was assessed by hematoxylin/eosin staining. Oat5 renal expression was evaluated by Western blotting and by immunohistochemistry. An increased expression of Oat5 in renal homogenates, in apical membranes, and in its urinary excretion was observed in rats with vascular calcification. The traditional parameters used to evaluate renal function were not modified, with the exception of histology. It is possible to postulate the urinary excretion of Oat5 as a potential noninvasive biomarker of renal injury associated with vascular calcification.
Exploring the Effect of Erasmus Program on Cultural Intelligence of University Students

Bu nicel-nedensel karsilastirma calismasinin amaci, kulturel zekâ degiskeninin Erasmus Ogrenim Hareketliligi Programi’na katilan ve katilmayan ogrenciler arasinda farklilik gosterip gostermedigini, “deneyime aciklik” kisilik ozelligini kontrol altinda tutarak incelemektir. Calismanin verileri, Ankara’da bir devlet universitesinde farkli bolumlerde ve sinif seviyesinde ogrenim goren 450 universite ogrencisinden toplanmistir. Calismada veri toplama araclari olarak arastirmaci tarafindan Turkceye uyarlanan Kulturel Zekâ Olcegi ve Bes Faktor Kisilik Olcegi – Deneyime Aciklik alt boyutu kullanilmistir. Cok Degiskenli Kovaryans Analizinin (MANCOVA) sonuclari, Erasmus Ogrenim Hareketliligi Programi’na katilimin deneyime aciklik kisilik ozelligi kontrol altinda tutuldugunda, kulturel zekânin tum alt boyutlari uzerinde (ust-bilis, bilis, motivasyon ve davranis) istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir etkisi oldugunu gostermistir. Ayrica sonuclar, deneyime aciklik kisilik ozelliginin, bu calisma icin onemli bir esdegisken faktor oldugunu gostermistir.
α8β1 integrin regulates nutrient absorption through an Mfge8-PTEN dependent mechanism

Coordinated gastrointestinal smooth muscle contraction is critical for proper nutrient absorption and is altered in a number of medical disorders. In this work, we demonstrate a critical role for the RGD-binding integrin α8β1 in promoting nutrient absorption through regulation of gastrointestinal motility. Smooth muscle-specific deletion and antibody blockade of α8 in mice result in enhanced gastric antral smooth muscle contraction, more rapid gastric emptying, and more rapid transit of food through the small intestine leading to malabsorption of dietary fats and carbohydrates as well as protection from weight gain in a diet-induced model of obesity. Mechanistically, ligation of α8β1 by the milk protein Mfge8 reduces antral smooth muscle contractile force by preventing RhoA activation through a PTEN-dependent mechanism. Collectively, our results identify a role for α8β1 in regulating gastrointestinal motility and identify α8 as a potential target for disorders characterized by hypo- or hyper-motility. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.13063. 001
Implementing Haskell: Language Implementation as a Tool Building Exercise

Although a number of tool boxes for compiler construction exist, the language implementation task can often be made easier by building specialised tools. A prototype Haskell system was implemented within a four month period using such an approach. The system is currently used as a front end for a transputer array, Haskell implementation. In this article we describe the tool building aspect of the implementation process. The little language tools, tree processing function generators and error message management routines developed are described. Although the tools are specific to this implementation, this mode of work can be worthwhile in a number of cases such as the implementation of novel languages, the targeting of unconventional architectures or, the experimentation with new implementation techniques. The lessons learned during this process are summarised and the specialised tool approach is evaluated.
Kinetic connectivity of rectangles

We develop a kinetic data structure (KDS) for maintaining the connectivity of a set of axis-aligned rectangles moving in the plane. In the kinetic framework, each rectangle is assumed to travel along a low-degree algebraic path, specified by a flight plan-if the flight plan changes, the data structure is informed about it. The connectivity of rectangles changes only at discrete moments, given by the times when the order of rectangles along either axis changes. Our main result is a kinetic data structure of size O(n log n) that requires O(log2 n) amortized time for each update, and answers connectivity queries in worst-case time O(log n/ log log n).
Video Retrieval in Sign Language Videos : How to Model and Compare Signs?

This paper deals with the problem of finding sign occurrences in a sign language (SL) video. It begins with an analysis of sign models and the way they can take into account the sign variability. Then, we review the most popular technics dedicated to automatic sign language processing and we focus on their adaptation to model sign variability. We present a new method to provide a parametric description of the sign as a set of continuous and discrete parameters. Signs are classified according to there categories (ballistic movements, circles .), the symmetry between the hand movements, hand absolute and relative locations. Membership grades to sign categories and continuous parameter comparisons can be combined to estimate the similarity between two signs. We set out our system and we evaluate how much time can be saved when looking for a sign in a french sign language video. By now, our formalism only uses hand 2D locations, we finally discuss about the way of integrating other parameters as hand shape or facial expression in our framework.
Text Reading Supports in Social Studies Content Instruction and Their Relationship to Student Knowledge Acquisition

ABSTRACT We examined social studies teachers’ use of text and supports for reading text during their instruction as well as how their practices related to students’ content acquisition. A total of 37 social studies teachers and their students (n = 572) participated and recorded their instruction during 3 instructional units. We documented the amount of time teachers engaged in text reading and text reading support. We assessed students on social studies content knowledge. We noted text reading activities in about 10% of the class instruction. The total numbers of minutes spent in text reading and providing support in reading comprehension strategies were significantly related to student content acquisition. Examination of differences in this relationship by student pretest demonstrated that increases in text reading during instruction were associated with increased scores on content acquisition for lower level students. There were no significant associations between text reading practices and content acquisition for higher performing students.
Developing a graphical definition system for a spatial parser generator

Spatial parser generators automatically generate a parser of visual languages by providing grammars. The grammar is specified using text. The grammar would be easier to understand if we used a figure to input the grammar. We describe an approach in This work that graphically defines grammar. Direct manipulation is used to define grammar in our approach, which helps the user understand the meaning. We implement the GIGA system, which enables the user to define the grammar by drawing figures. GIGA displays each element of a rule visually. The user can define the grammar easily and can understand the grammar visually. Moreover, GIGA outputs the defined visual system to a file written in CMC text form. The user can execute the system by inputting the file into Eviss.
Managed Play: The Media’s Impact on Play in the Australian Football League

Abstract No industry has influenced the transformation of the Australian Football League (AFL) into a professional, commercial business more than the media. Today, the AFL players are paid more than ever and are used as marketing tools to promote and sell the game, often to new fans in new markets of Australia - namely New South Wales and Queensland - who haven’t traditionally played Australian Football, preferring the rugby codes instead. But perhaps the biggest change in the AFL is that the play element is now used as function of business. Put simply, winning leads to more money. As such, the play element is now manipulated more than ever. The game has more coaches implementing more tactics, strategies, game plans and set plays than ever before. These changes can be linked back to the media’s influence on the game. This paper utilises the combined observations and theories of Johan Huizinga and Pierre Bourdieu to create a theoretical lens through which we can understand the media’s growing influence in sport and its impact on play’s transformation. The theory will then be expounded through an extensive analysis of the media’s influence in the AFL, particularly its play element. This analysis will be supported with insights and views from AFL fans, members, commentators and theorists.
Induction of Greedy Controllers for Deterministic Treebank Parsers

Most statistical parsers have used the grammar induction approach, in which a stochastic grammar is induced from a treebank. An alternative approach is to induce a controller for a given parsing automaton. Such controllers may be stochastic; here, we focus on greedy controllers, which result in deterministic parsers. We use decision trees to learn the controllers. The resulting parsers are surprisingly accurate and robust, considering their speed and simplicity. They are almost as fast as current part-of-speech taggers, and considerably more accurate than a basic unlexicalized PCFG parser. We also describe Markov parsing models, a general framework for parser modeling and control, of which the parsers reported here are a special case.
Vulnerability detector using parse tree annotation

Static vulnerability Detection approach usually produces large amount of false positives. To achieve better result, a tool which is able to understand the analyzed source code and join it to high level programming concepts is needed. The proposed tool presents in this paper provides a novel semantic level method for detecting C language source code vulnerabilities. In a programming language each vulnerability is correlated to a valid code in point of compiler view. In other word, a written code in a particular situation may cause a vulnerability. To implement this tool, a collection of vulnerability attribute (VA) that represented a source code pattern for each vulnerability is prepared. Then the relation of these VAs in a pattern is extracted. In continue the parse tree of estimating source code was generated. Vulnerability detection is done in two general steps; first the generated parse tree is traversed by DFS and annotated, then vulnerability detection rules (VR) are performed on annotated tree to find code weaknesses. In this paper proposed tool is compared with other vulnerability detection tools. The comparison shows that the tool is useful for finding buffer overflow flaws with low false positive rate.
A Graphical Framework for Contextual Search and Name Disambiguation in Email

A canopy for mounting over articles to be protected (vegetables). It includes a U-shape main frame having stakes for driving into the ground at a building, and shield including bows, cooperating with the main frame, carrying a flexible covering. The shield extends to one side of the main frame, forming a cantilever construction. The bows can be folded into position in essentially the plane of the main frame. Securing means is provided for tying the bows in a pack with the main frame, and for anchoring the canopy to the wall of the building. The canopy can be mounted free of a building, by driving the stakes into the ground, and a pair of them can be mounted in back-to-back position, with the shields extending in opposite directions away from each other, and the securing means can be interconnected to anchor the pair together, for mutual support.
Citrus bergamia Risso Elevates Intracellular Ca2+ in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells due to Release of Ca2+ from Primary Intracellular Stores

The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of essential oil of Citrus bergamia Risso (bergamot, BEO) on intracellular Ca2+ in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Fura-2 fluorescence was used to examine changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i . In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, BEO increased [Ca2+]i , which was partially inhibited by a nonselective Ca2+ channel blocker La3+. In Ca2+-free extracellular solutions, BEO increased [Ca2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that BEO mobilizes intracellular Ca2+. BEO-induced [Ca2+]i increase was partially inhibited by a Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release inhibitor dantrolene, a phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, and an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-gated Ca2+ channel blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borane (2-APB). BEO also increased [Ca2+]i in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. In addition, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOC) was potentiated by BEO. These results suggest that BEO mobilizes Ca2+ from primary intracellular stores via Ca2+-induced and IP3-mediated Ca2+ release and affect promotion of Ca2+ influx, likely via an SOC mechanism.
Learning Neural Networks with Ranking-Based Losses for Action Retrieval

We consider the problem of learning image/video retrieval using a neural network based approach that optimizes the ROC loss function. Neural network is one of the most widely used techniques in computer vision. Standard neural network uses simple loss functions, such as the softmax loss or hinge loss over labels. Such loss functions are suitable for standard classification problems where the performance is measured by the overall accuracy. For image/video retrieval, the performance is usually measured by some ranking-based loss that is not well captured by the softmax loss or hinge loss. In this paper, we develop a learning approach that incorporates the ranking-based loss function in neural network. We apply our approach in the problem of action retrieval in static images and videos. The experimental results show that our proposed approach outperforms standard neural networks trained with softmax loss as well as an SVM-based approach that also optimizes the ROC loss function.
Disfluencies and uncertainty perception - evidence from a human - machine scenario

This paper deals with the modelling and perception of disfluencies in articulatory speech synthesis. The stimuli are embedded into short dialogues in question-answering situations in a human–machine scenario. The system is supposed to express uncertainty in the answer. We test the influence of delay , intonation , and filler as prosodic indicators of uncertainty on perception in two studies. Study 1 deals with the effect of delay and filler on uncertainty perception. Results suggest an additive effect of the cues, i.e. the activation of both prosodic cues of uncertainty has a stronger impact on uncertainty perception than the deactivation of a single cue or of both cues. With respect to the effect of single cues, no significant difference can be observed. Study 2 investigates the impact of delay and intonation on perceived uncertainty. Again, a principle of additivity can be observed. Furthermore as modelled here, intonation has a stronger influence than delay . In both studies no correlation between the ranking of uncertainty and naturalness of the stimuli is found.
Simultaneous Evolution of Bracketed L-system Rules and Interpretation

An L-system or Lindenmayer system consists of a grammar together with an interpreter. The grammar contains an axiom string and rules which are expanded into a longer string. The interpreter then renders the string into an object. The first use of L-systems was to provide morphological models of plants. In this study an evolutionary algorithm is used to perform selection on both the L-system grammar and interpreter parameters. The grammar is encoded in a set of real parameters that also includes the interpreter control parameters. This permits the evolutionary algorithm to acts solely as a real parameter optimizer. The interpreter is a graphic turtle with a stack. The evolutionary algorithm co-evolves the grammar and the turtle's control parameters to cause it to place a virtual plant in a constrained area of the Cartesian plane. Compared to previous studies in which the grammar was left fixed, the simultaneous evolution of grammar and interpretation parameters produces a richer selection of virtual plants. The L-system selection algorithm presented here is a potentially valuable tool for digital artists or virtual environment designers.
Reverberation and noise robust feature enhancement using multiple inputs

We propose a novel approach to feature enhancement in multi-channel scenario. Our approach is based on the interacting multiple model (IMM), which was originally developed in single-channel scenario. We extend the single-channel IMM algorithm such that it can handle the multichannel inputs under the Bayesian framework. The multichannel IMM algorithm is capable of tracking time-varying room impulse responses and background noises by updating the relevant parameters in an on-line manner. In various environmental conditions, the performance gain of the proposed method has been confirmed.
Identifying Emotions in Short Texts for Brazilian Portuguese

The automatic detection of emotions in texts has presented significant results in several and different situations. In this paper, we present an approach to identify automatically emotions in short texts written in Brazilian Portuguese. Each text is processed using an algorithm based on the Latent Semantic Analysis theory. Experimentations have shown that this method can identify the correct emotions in short texts in about 70% of the cases.
IBistro: a learning environment for knowledge construction in distributed software engineering courses

We have taught several distributed software engineering project courses with students and real clients. During these projects, students in Pittsburgh and Munich, Germany collaborated in the development of a single system. Our experiences showed that software development is communication intensive and requires the collaboration of many stakeholders. Communication is challenging in distributed contexts: participants do not all know each other and work at different times and locations; the number of participants and their organization change during the project; and participants belong to different communities. Hence, to deal with the global marketplace, it is critical to provide students with distributed collaboration skills. To improve the teaching of collaboration in software engineering, we propose iBistro, an augmented, distributed, and ubiquitous communication space. iBistro aims to overcome problems resulting from miscommunications and information loss in informal or casual meetings. iBistro enables distributed groups to collaborate and cooperate in software projects and therefore provides an environment for learning in diverse aspects such as project management, programming skills, and social skills. With the addition of techniques from artificial intelligence, such as student modeling, and intelligent support mechanisms, such as computer supported group formation, distributed tutoring becomes feasible.