Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Icosadeltahedral geometry of fullerenes, viruses and geodesic domes

I discuss the symmetry of fullerenes, viruses and geodesic domes within a unified framework of icosadeltahedral representation of these objects. The icosadeltahedral symmetry is explained in details by examination of all of these structures. Using Euler's theorem on polyhedra, it is shown how to calculate the number of vertices, edges, and faces in domes, and number of atoms, bonds and pentagonal and hexagonal rings in fullerenes. Caspar-Klug classification of viruses is elaborated as a specific case of icosadeltahedral geometry.
Analysis on Factors of Elastic Impedance Based on Connolly Formula

The elastic impedance is the combination of acoustic impedance inversion and AVO technology, which makes it more comprehensive and more intuitive to distinguish the oil and gas information. Nowadays, the studies on elastic impedance mainly focus on the derivation of new elastic impedance formulas and the qualitative analysis of practical application. But there is still a lack of systematic study and discussion for the factors affecting the accuracy of EI formula and the quantitative calculation of EI inversion. This article discusses three factors, K value, incident angle and the convolution model, based on Connolly formula and does some forward modeling to test the factors' effects. The results show that to avoid the negative influence, a small range of incident angle of seismic data should be used in the course of Connolly EI inversion.
INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND APSIDAL MOTIONS OF POLYTROPIC STARS IN CLOSE BINARIES

We consider a synchronized, circular-orbit binary consisting of a polytrope with index n and a point-mass object, and use a self-consistent field (SCF) method to construct the equilibrium structure of the polytrope under rotational and tidal perturbations. Our SCF method is distinct from others in that the equilibrium orbital angular velocity is calculated automatically rather than being prescribed, which is crucial for obtaining apsidal motion rates accurately. We find that the centrifugal and tidal forces make perturbed stars more centrally condensed and larger in size. For n = 1.5 polytropes with fixed entropy, the enhancement factor in stellar radii is about 23% and 4%–8% for μ = 1 and ∼0.1–0.9, respectively, where μ is the fractional mass of the polytrope relative to the total. The centrifugal force dominates the tidal force in determining the equilibrium structure provided μ ≳ 0.13–0.14 for n ≳ 1.5. The shape and size of rotationally and tidally perturbed polytropes are well described by the corresponding Roche models as long as n ≳ 2. The apsidal motion rates calculated for circular-orbit binaries under the equilibrium tide condition agree well with the predictions of the classical formula only when the rotational and tidal perturbations are weak. When the perturbations are strong as in critical configurations, the classical theory underestimates the real apsidal motion rates by as much as 50% for n = 1.5 polytropes, although the discrepancy becomes smaller as n increases. For practical uses, we provide fitting formulae for the density concentration, volume radius, coefficient of the mass–radius relation, moment of inertia, spin angular momentum, critical rotation parameter, effective internal structure constant, etc., as functions of μ and the perturbation parameters.
There is more consensus in Egalitarian parliaments

This paper describes the design and implementation of Egalitarian Paxos (EPaxos), a new distributed consensus algorithm based on Paxos. EPaxos achieves three goals: (1) optimal commit latency in the wide-area when tolerating one and two failures, under realistic conditions; (2) uniform load balancing across all replicas (thus achieving high throughput); and (3) graceful performance degradation when replicas are slow or crash. Egalitarian Paxos is to our knowledge the first protocol to achieve the previously stated goals efficiently---that is, requiring only a simple majority of replicas to be non-faulty, using a number of messages linear in the number of replicas to choose a command, and committing commands after just one communication round (one round trip) in the common case or after at most two rounds in any case. We prove Egalitarian Paxos's properties theoretically and demonstrate its advantages empirically through an implementation running on Amazon EC2.
Leverage similarity and locality to enhance fingerprint prefetching of data deduplication

Data deduplication has been widely used at data backup system due to the significantly reduced requirements of storage capacity and network bandwidth. However, the performance of data deduplication gradually decreases with the growth of deduplicated data. This is because the volume of fingerprints grows significantly with the increase of backup data, and a large portion of fingerprints have to be stored on disk drives. This incurs frequent disk accesses to locate fingerprints and blocks the process of data deduplication. Furthermore, the fingerprints belonging to the same file may be discretely stored on disk drives. This generates random and small disk accesses, and results in significant performance degradation when the fingerprints are referred. Additionally, a single fingerprint may appear only once during a backup process. This results in very low cache hit ratio due to lacking temporal locality. This paper proposes to employ file similarity to enhance the fingerprint prefetching, thus improving the cache hit ratio and the performance of data deduplication. Furthermore, the fingerprints are arranged sequently in terms of the backup data stream to maintain the locality and promote the performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed idea can effectively reduce the number of fingerprint accesses going to disk drives, decrease the query overhead of fingerprints, thus significantly alleviating the disk bottleneck of data deduplication.
A Geometric Pattern-based Method to Build Hierarchies of Geo-Referenced Tags

To extract and structure knowledge from unstructured tag sets is a challenge for the tagging system. Although several methods have shown the ability to assign structures to the tags, their limitation still remains. Accordingly, this study investigates a method to build the place hierarchy of geo-referenced tags. In particular, the method is based on analyzing geometric patterns of footprints, derived from the tags. The objectives are to understand the structure of vernacular geography and to improve the image search by constructing tag semantics. First, the geographical regions are represented based on the large sets of the clustered collaborative tags on the place. Herein, the method to generate the chi-shape derives the footprints of the geographical regions. According to its geometric condition such as position, area, and centroid of the polygon, derived from each footprint, the place-tag hierarchies are constructed. The geographical boundaries between the place tags are established throughout the assigned footprints as well. In addition, our method enhances the accuracy of the tag hierarchies when compared to the previous research. Furthermore, the study also contributes to the development of the tag semantics and the comprehension of the vernacular geography.
Interferon‐α and interferon‐γ down‐regulate the production of interleukin‐8 and ENA‐78 in human monocytes

The two chemotactic cytokines interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and epithelial neutrophil activating protein 78 (ENA‐78) were recently shown to be potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophil function and to be present in certain inflammatory diseases. We have studied the effects of recombinant and natural interferon‐α (IFN‐α) and of recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN‐γ) on the production of EL‐8 and ENA‐78 in lipopolysaccharide‐ and interleukin‐1–stimulated human monocytes. Both types of interferons showed a strong, concentration‐dependent inhibition of neutrophil‐stimulating bioactivity. Similarly, the secretion of IL‐8 and ENA‐78 was also inhibited by up to 73%. Northern blot experiments demonstrated that IFN‐α decreases the steady‐state levels of IL‐8 and ENA‐78 mRNA in monocytes, suggesting that IFN‐α as well as IFN‐γ may control the expression of neutrophil chemotactic cytokines at the mRNA level. J. Leukoc. Biol. 57: 929–935; 1995.
Thalamic innervation of the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways in the rat: Ipsi‐ and contralateral projections

The present study describes the thalamic innervation coming from the rat parafascicular nucleus (PF) onto striatal and subthalamic efferent neurons projecting either to the globus pallidus (GP) or to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) by using a protocol for multiple neuroanatomical tracing. Both striatofugal neurons targeting the ipsilateral SNr (direct pathway) as well as striatal efferent neurons projecting to the ipsilateral GP (indirect pathway) were located within the terminal fields of the thalamostriatal afferents. In the subthalamic nucleus (STN), both neurons projecting to ipsilateral GP as well as neurons projecting to ipsilateral SNr also appear to receive thalamic afferents. Although the projections linking the caudal intralaminar nuclei with the ipsilateral striatum and STN are far more prominent, we also noticed that thalamic axons could gain access to the contralateral STN. Furthermore, a small number of STN neurons were seen to project to both the contralateral GP and PF nuclei. These ipsi‐ and contralateral projections enable the caudal intralaminar nuclei to modulate the activity of both the direct and the indirect pathway. J. Comp. Neurol. 483:143–153, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
- Means Projective Clustering �

In many applications it is desirable to cluster high dimensional data along various subspaces, which we refer to as projective clustering. We propose a new objective function for projective clustering, taking into account the inherent trade-off between the dimension of a subspace and the induced clustering error. We then present an extension of the -means clustering algorithm for projective clustering in arbitrary subspaces, and also propose techniques to avoid local minima. Unlike previous algorithms, ours can choose the dimension of each cluster independently and automatically. Furthermore, experimental results show that our algorithm is significantly more accurate than the previous approaches.
Optimized cross array passive localization based on crosspower-spectrum phase

This paper proposes an optimized cross array passive acoustic source localization method based on Crosspower-Spectrum Phase. This method including several optimized strategies successfully improves the real-time performance and reliability of localization in applications. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the cross correlation function, some criterions are designed to eliminate the abnormal time delay value resulting from the unstable data, as well as reduce the time consumption on the invalid computation. Secondly, interpolating method is used to increase the accuracy of the time delay to some extent. Thirdly, due to the non-uniform distribution of the TDOA estimation accuracy, TDOAs calculated by the cross array will be chosen in different areas, in order to obtain the source bearing estimate with higher accuracy. Compared with beamforming method with comparable accuracy and verified in DSP experiments, the proposed method in this paper is proved to have a better real-time performance and reliability, which make it applicable to the real-time localization system.
Language and Cultural Awareness of a Non-Native ESP Teacher

Introduction. The relation between culture and language is a central issue in foreign language teaching and research where the need to give cultural content the same value as language content and language skills has been stressed. However, conceptualization of teacher language awareness, by focusing largely on formal aspects of language, largely neglects culture as a component of teacher cognition. This paper expands the category of ESP-teacher language awareness suggesting the inclusion of cultural awareness as a separate component of teacher cognition. This concept extension actualizes ESP teaching in the situation shaped by unprecedented mobility and intercultural contacts. Materials and Methods. The historic-logical method was used to determine shortcomings of pedagogical experience and the need to teach culture in ESP. Grounded theory, as an inductive methodology, was utilized to generate conceptual expansion theoretically tied with research in medical and business communication as well as with data on population movement and international s cientific cooperation. Results. We defined ESP-cultural knowledge as a system comprising the permanent (know-that) and temporary (know-of) cultural manifestations in a society as well as how they are manifested through language (know-how). That system practical representation is exemplified in medicine and business English discourse. The study expands the structure of ESP-TLA, claiming the focus on cultural awareness as part of ESP discourse which fosters cultural-response education. Discussion and Conclusion. Such claim is pertinent to practitioners involved in the tourism industry, health care, economics, and academic activities such as research and development. This paper is relevant for teachers of English for Specific purposes in the fields mention ed above as well as for researchers engaged in analyzing the problems and methods of teaching a foreign language. However, because of the multiple manifestations and complexity of student motivation to get ESP course, the paper acknowledges the difficulties in addressing cultural content salient to all student s in class, an aspect meriting further research.
Social constructs, behaviour change, and the uptake of community-based WASH interventions: Metrics and analytical approaches for measuring collective efficacy

It has become commonplace in international development to intervene upon communities with interventions that require collective action without first gauging the communities’ perceptions regarding their ability and autonomy to engender and maintain change. Programmes and research studies employing community-based interventions often overlook important interpersonal behavioural factors that may well affect uptake and effectiveness. Social constructs such as collective efficacy, social capital, social cohesion, and social norms are important interpersonal behavioural factors and predictors of collective action, which may be needed to realise downstream health and development impacts. This doctoral thesis examined the conceptualisations of various social constructs and their theoretical underpinnings. Theoretical examinations were used to establish hypotheses regarding the underlying structure of collective efficacy (CE). A factor analytic approach was used to develop four CE measurement scales from data collected in Odisha, India and Amhara, Ethiopia to empirically test these hypotheses. The India CE scale was subsequently used to ascertain whether there were independent associations between CE-factors and the uptake and influence of a community-based water supply and sanitation intervention. Compared to controls, intervention households had higher CE factor scores for village leadership (β=0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.25) and agency (β=0.08, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.15), and lower scores for social disorder, conditional on education. Prevalence of improved WASH behaviours was associated with CE factors: improved water piped on-premise was associated with village leadership (aPR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.53); improved on-site toilets with social disorder (aPR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97); enclosed bathing rooms with social response (aPR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.23); and utilisation of improved sanitation facilities by all family members with agency (aPR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.37) and village leadership (aPR=3.86, 95% CI: 1.67, 8.97). Agency, social response, and social disorder factors were associated with nutritional outcomes. Implications for enhanced intervention design, targeting, and evaluation are discussed throughout.
Accurate Lte Abundances for Some Λ Boo Stars

High-resolution and high S/N CCD spectra were analyzed to determine accurate LTE abundances in four λ Boo stars: π Ori, 29 Cyg, HR 8203 and 15 And. In general, 14 chemical elements were investigated. The main results are the following: all stars have a strong deficiency of the majority of investigated metals. Oxygen exhibits a moderate deficiency. The carbon abundance is close to the solar one. The results obtained support an accretion/diffusion model, which is currently adopted for the explanation of the λ Boo phenomenon.
The Long‐Term Impact of the Feedback Environment on Job Satisfaction: A Field Study in a Belgian Context

This study examines (1) the relationship between the feedback environment and job satisfaction and (2) the mediating role of leader–member exchange in a Belgian context. Results from a sample of 155 employees of a governmental service for employment and vocational training supported our hypotheses. A favorable supervisor feedback environment was related to higher levels of job satisfaction 5 months later, and this relationship was fully mediated by the quality of leader–member exchange. These findings highlight the usefulness of diagnosing and assessing the feedback environment for a better understanding of feedback processes and for enhancing feedback interventions in organisations. Ce travail examine dans un contexte culturel belge 1) la relation entre la satisfaction professionnelle et le feedback provenant de l’environnement 2) le role mediateur des echanges leader-collaborateurs. Nos hypotheses ont ete confirmees par les conclusions issues d’un echantillon compose de 155 employes d’un service d’Etat de retour a l’emploi et de formation professionnelle. Un environnement retroactif positif provenant du chef immediat etait en rapport avec un niveau plus eleve de satisfaction professionnelle cinq mois plus tard, et cette relation etait maximisee par la qualite des echanges entre le leader et les membres du groupe. Ces resultats montrent qu’il faut prendre en compte et evaluer la retroaction environnementale pour une meilleure apprehension des processus de feedback et pour ameliorer les interventions dans les organisations portant sur le feedback.
Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis: Evidence for a Substrate Access Channel in the FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase Coq6

Coq6 is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, a polyisoprenylated benzoquinone lipid essential to the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this putative flavin-dependent monooxygenase is proposed to hydroxylate the benzene ring of coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) precursor at position C5. We show here through biochemical studies that Coq6 is a flavoprotein using FAD as a cofactor. Homology models of the Coq6-FAD complex are constructed and studied through molecular dynamics and substrate docking calculations of 3-hexaprenyl-4-hydroxyphenol (4-HP6), a bulky hydrophobic model substrate. We identify a putative access channel for Coq6 in a wild type model and propose in silico mutations positioned at its entrance capable of partially (G248R and L382E single mutations) or completely (a G248R-L382E double-mutation) blocking access to the channel for the substrate. Further in vivo assays support the computational predictions, thus explaining the decreased activities or inactivation of the mutated enzymes. This work provides the first detailed structural information of an important and highly conserved enzyme of ubiquinone biosynthesis.
Content discovery in wireless information-centric networks

Information-centric networking (ICN) enables communication in isolated islands, where fixed infrastructure is not available, but also supports seamless communication if the infrastructure is up and running again. In disaster scenarios, when a fixed infrastructure is broken, content discovery algorithms are required to learn what content is locally available. For example, if preferred content is not available, users may also be satisfied with second best options. In this paper, we describe a new content discovery algorithm and compare it to existing Depth-first and Breadth-first traversal algorithms. Evaluations in mobile scenarios with up to 100 nodes show that it results in better performance, i.e., faster discovery time and smaller traffic overhead, than existing algorithms.
A Note on Cordial , Edge Cordial Labeling of Pythagoras Tree Fractal Graphs

This paper deals with the concept of self-similarity fractals of two types of Pythagoras tree symmetric and asymmetric graphs with existence of cordial and Edge cordial labeling. A square graph is considered as base for constructing the Pythagoras tree fractals which leads to construction of both symmetric and asymmetric type fractals. For our study each iteration and the generalized form are considered as a graph. Eventually each graph is checked with cordial and edge cordial and total cordial, total edge cordial labeling.
An Impact Evaluation of BRAC's Microfinance Program in Uganda

providing me with the data used in this analysis, and conducting the preliminary research that serves as the basis for this report. I also thank my committee members, Elizabeth Frankenberg and Anirudh Krishna, and particularly my advisor, Marc Bellemare for invaluable advice and feedback throughout the research and writing process. Abstract This paper uses survey data and quantitative analysis to assess the economic impact of BRAC Uganda's microfinance program on participants. The study finds that BRAC's program seems to confer significant positive benefits to borrowers. These include an increase in total savings and assets, greater consumption in the form of more expensive and nutritious food, and the resources and incentives to start a household business. My results also suggest that participating in microfinance increases welfare and could be a valid strategy for promoting development in Uganda. The results of the analysis vary considerably depending on the statistical technique used. These non-robust results, combined with issues during data collection that prevented proper randomization, make it difficult to make causal claims about the effect of BRAC's microfinance program in this context. In addition to ensuring proper randomization, future studies should be spread over a multi-year period to determine the long-term effects of microfinance on borrowers. Additionally, because BRAC's strategy often involves using microcredit as a platform to deliver other development services, more studies are needed that examine the effects of microfinance combined with the other interventions BRAC Uganda promotes. Lastly, future work should seek to better understand the population BRAC's programs are reaching.
A ratio-independent algorithmic analog-to-digital conversion technique

An algorithmic analog-to-digital conversion technique is described which is capable of achieving high-resolution conversion without the use of matched capacitors in an MOS technology. The exact integral multiplication of the signal required by the conversion is realized through an algorithmic circuit method which involves charge summing with an MOS integrator and exchange of capacitors. A first-order cancellation of the charge injection effect from MOS transistor switches is attained with a combination of differential circuit implementation and an optimum timing scheme. An experimental prototype has been fabricated with a standard 5-/spl mu/m n-well CMOS process. It achieves 12-bit resolution at a sampling rate of 8 kHz. The analog chip area measures 2400 mils/SUP 2/.