Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tourism, welfare and income distribution: the case of Croatia.

Th is paper aims to investigate how a change of inbound tourism demand aff ects disposable income and household consumption and to provide a means of answering the question of wheatear tourism can be a generator of more equal income distribution. Changes in resident welfare caused by the growth of international tourism expenditure were measured by the equivalent variation. Simulation results showed that the expansion of tourism had a positive impact on the household welfare. However that impact was less than expected. It can be explained with the fact that production and exports in non-tourism sectors declined, which was indirectly refl ected in the total household income. Among other, welfare loss occurred because tourist demand for goods and services was partly met by the increased imports and the fact that there has been a decline in the demand for labor in sectors not directly related to tourism. However, the growth in household income from labor and growth in household consumption, along with the fact that the growth of consumer price index was lower than the growth of real wages, has lead to a positive net eff ect on welfare. In addition to changes in the household welfare, the paper tried to answer the question of how the increase of inbound tourist demand aff ected the distribution of income. Th e distributional eff ects at national level measured by Atkinson index showed that inbound tourism can reduce inequality, but eff ects were much lower if Gini coeffi cient was taken as an indicator of inequality.
Production pattern, transaction style and raw milk quality

Purpose - – The purpose of this paper is to present an econometric model to empirically analyze the influence of production patterns and transaction style on raw milk quality. More specifically, the paper examines the effects of these institutions on both nutrition and safety aspects of raw milk quality. Design/methodology/approach - – Using data collected from 396 households in Inner Mongolia, this paper adopts a multiple linear regression model (OLS/FGLS) and a zero-inflated Poisson regression model to test two hypotheses proposed according to theory and descriptive analysis. Findings - – The empirical results indicate that both production pattern and transaction style significantly affect raw milk quality. Production pattern has a more significant effect on raw milk nutrition, while transaction style has a more significant effect on raw milk safety. Research limitations/implications - – Current government policies focus on reducing household production and regulating private milk collection stations. From a comprehensive quality perspective, these policies are not effective in that they cannot guarantee raw milk safety and have little effect on improving raw milk nutrition. Alternatively, promoting dairy farmers' specialized cooperatives may be a more effective policy measure. Originality/value - – In contrast to other studies, this paper adopts a comprehensive quality perspective that examines both nutritional and safety characteristics rather than focusing on any single quality indicator, separately analyzing the factors influencing raw milk nutrition and raw milk safety. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper provides a new perspective in addressing the current raw milk quality problems facing China's dairy industry.
Selective Silencing of Individual Dendritic Branches by an mGlu2-Activated Potassium Conductance in Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells

Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu-IIs) modulate hippocampal information processing through several presynaptic actions. We describe a novel postsynaptic inhibitory mechanism mediated by the mGlu2 subtype that activates an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in the dendrites of DG granule cells of rats and mice. Data from glutamate-uncaging experiments and simulations indicate that mGlu2-activated potassium conductance uniformly reduces the peak amplitude of synaptic inputs arriving in the distal two-thirds of dendrites, with only minor effects on proximal inputs. This unique shunting profile is consistent with a peak expression of the mGlu2-activated conductance at the transition between the proximal and middle third of the dendrites. Further simulations under various physiologically relevant conditions showed that when a shunting conductance was activated in the proximal third of a single dendrite, it effectively modulated input to this specific branch while leaving inputs in neighboring dendrites relatively unaffected. Therefore, the restricted expression of the mGlu2-activated potassium conductance in the proximal third of DG granule cell dendrites represents an optimal localization for achieving the opposing biophysical requirements for uniform yet selective modulation of individual dendritic branches.
Genomic signatures of cancer: Basis for individualized risk assessment, selective staging and therapy

The development of DNA microarray and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction technologies has allowed for precise quantitation of RNA expression of hundreds to thousands of genes. These technologies have significantly impacted the study and understanding of cancer in terms of its molecular and genetic characteristics. In this review article, breast cancer, colon cancer, and adrenal carcinoma have been chosen to illustrate the principle and techniques of genomic profiling and to illustrate how such methods may be used to develop genomic signatures for personalized risk assessment and to individualize patient treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2011;103:563–573. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospital Length of Stay of Frail Elderly Patients: Primary Care by General Internists versus Geriatricians

Hospitalized patients in a medical diagnosis‐related group (DRG) who were cared for by physicians in a division of Geriatric Medicine (geriatric group) were compared with a control group drawn from a stratified random sample of patients cared for by general internists (internist group) in the same hospital. Despite an older age, longer predicted length of stay, and higher DRG reimbursement, the geriatric group patients had a significantly shorter length of stay (8.8 vs 15.8 days; P < 0.05) than the internist group. A shorter length of stay for the geriatric group was noted in each of five subgroups, sorted by admission and discharge status. Comparison to national data reveals that, despite the shorter length of stay in the geriatric group, length of stay data used by hospitals for management purposes would still classify the patients of the geriatrics group as “revenue losers” under the Medicare hospital reimbursement system.
Soft computing in the forecasting of the stock exchange of Thailand (SET)

Stock markets are affected by many uncertainties and interrelated economic and political factors at both local and global levels; determining the set of relevant factors for making accurate predictions is a complicated task. This paper analyzes relevant literature on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), according to the categories of techniques used. The research proposes an approach of soft computing on the SET forecasting and exposes the main driving indicators, from the literature, including Dow Jones, Nikkei index, Hang Seng index, Minimum Loan Rate, the value of the Thai baht and the gold price.
The Transmission of Swap Spreads and Volatilities in the International Swap Markets

We investigate the Japanese yen and U.S. dollar interest rate swap markets during the period 1990-2000, by examining the spreads of the swap rates over comparable treasury yields (on Japanese Government Bonds (JGBs) and U.S. Treasury bonds, respectively) for different maturities. We then analyze the transmission of shocks in the swap spreads and their volatilities from one market to the other. Our main findings are: (1) the correlations between the yen and dollar interest swap spreads are low, indicating that the credit risk factor is country-specific, rather than global in nature, (2) the changes in the dollar interest rate swap spreads "Granger-cause" the changes in the spreads of yen interest rate swaps for the long (10-year) maturities, but the causality does not run the other way, (3) yen swap spreads are highly correlated with the interest rate differentials between the two markets, and the interest rate differentials have a significant impact on subsequent movements in the yen swap spreads, (4) the transmission of the volatility of swap spreads is strong from the dollar to the yen markets and relatively weak in the other direction, and (5) shocks to the dollar swap spread have an asymmetric impact on the volatilities of the spreads in both the yen and dollar swap markets, i.e., an increase in the dollar swap spread leads to higher future volatility of the spreads in both swap markets, but a decrease does not. These empirical results suggest that specific institutional aspects, such as illiquidity and market frictions, may have affected the yen interest swap market more than its dollar counterpart.
Mott transitions in the periodic Anderson model

The periodic Anderson model (PAM) is studied within the framework of dynamical mean-field theory, with particular emphasis on the interaction-driven Mott transition it contains, and on resultant Mott insulators of both Mott–Hubbard and charge-transfer type. The form of the PAM phase diagram is first deduced on general grounds using two exact results, over the full range of model parameters and including metallic, Mott, Kondo and band insulator phases. The effective low-energy model which describes the PAM in the vicinity of a Mott transition is then shown to be a one-band Hubbard model, with effective hoppings that are not in general solely nearest neighbour, but decay exponentially with distance. This mapping is shown to have a range of implications for the physics of the problem, from phase boundaries to single-particle dynamics; all of which are confirmed and supplemented by NRG calculations. Finally we consider the locally degenerate, non-Fermi liquid Mott insulator, to describe which requires a two-self-energy description. This is shown to yield a number of exact results for the associated local moment, charge, and interaction-renormalised levels, together with a generalisation of Luttinger’s theorem to the Mott insulator.
Desempenho Comercial das Empresas Estrangeiras no Brasil na Década de 90: uma Análise de Dados em Painel

Durante os anos 90, varios autores viam de maneira positiva o intenso processo de internacionalizacao produtiva da economia brasileira, particularmente no que tange o desempenho comercial do pais. Nesse sentido, este trabalho busca avaliar a importância da origem de capital (estrangeira ou nacional) como determinante das exportacoes das firmas individuais na industria brasileira no periodo de 1996 a 2000. Para isso, utilizaram-se micro-dados sobre as empresas industriais brasileiras no periodo e controlaram-se outros fatores capazes de impactar o desempenho comercial das firmas por meio da analise de dados em painel. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma maior insercao comercial das empresas estrangeiras instaladas no pais em relacao as firmas domesticas, sendo esta maior insercao significativa e maior nas importacoes do que nas exportacoes. Estes resultados contradizem as expectativas de que as empresas estrangeiras pudessem estar colaborando para um desempenho comercial mais favoravel ao pais durante o periodo. Abstract
The ESCRT complexes

The ESCRT machinery consists of the peripheral membrane protein complexes ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, and Vps4–Vta1, and the ALIX homodimer. The ESCRT system is required for degradation of unneeded or dangerous plasma membrane proteins; biogenesis of the lysosome and the yeast vacuole; the budding of most membrane enveloped viruses; the membrane abscission step in cytokinesis; macroautophagy; and several other processes. From their initial discovery in 2001–2002, the literature on ESCRTs has grown exponentially. This review will describe the structure and function of the six complexes noted above and summarize current knowledge of their mechanistic roles in cellular pathways and in disease.
The nature of buyer‐supplier relationships in co‐design activities: The Italian auto industry case

The nature of buyer‐supplier relationships has been closely linked to nation specific explanations and concern has been expressed in literature regarding the transferability of co‐design best practices to different firms and countries. On the other hand, many attempts to isolate best practices and to apply them on a global scale have been proposed in the literature. Contributes to the issue by analysing a controversial case study based on the Italian automotive industry. Results show that few aspects of the Japanese contextual features and American ones existed when the major Italian car maker decided to outsource component design and dramatically change its supply chain management approach. Moreover, despite the massive involvement of suppliers at a very early stage of the car maker new product development process, not all the best practices deemed to be necessary when implementing a co‐operative buyer‐supplier relationship have been applied. Argues that these results lead us to question the very nature of effective buyer‐supplier relationships as described by the dominant literature and suggests implications for practitioners and for future research.
An enhanced accident detection and victim status indicating system: Prototype

In the speedy moving world, nobody is ready to look what's happening around them. Even when there occurs an accident nobody cares about it. This is an intention to implement an innovative solution for this problem by developing an Enhanced Accident detection System for Indicating Victim Status from the accident zone. This system has been developed and implemented using the biomedical smart sensors and microcontroller based mobile technology integrated with the evolving LabVIEW platform. The system will automatically identify the accident, then immediately transmit the location of the accident and the status of the physiological parameters of the victims to the emergency care center phone number through Short Message Service (SMS). The victim's physiological parameters such as body temperature, Heartbeat, Coma stage recovery status have been transmitted in the SMS. So the proposed system ensures that to reduce the human death ratio by accidents. When the accident occurs and realizes that there is no severe collision, then the person involved in accident has to press the switch provision which has been made to indicate that the accident is diminutive and no communication will be established i.e. no further alarming SMS has been transmitted.
Freedom of Interpretation: Bakhtin and the Challenge of Feminist Criticism

Most critics today would see the "politics of interpretation" as beginning and ending not with freedom but with power. For them, the central task of a conference on the politics of interpretation would be to see how various forms of power, open or covert, enforce various kinds of interpretation or perhaps how a given interpretation serves a given established power. In that view, the search for freedom of interpretation becomes the problem of how to resist power-how to wrest it from those who have it or how to produce a text that will not be co-opted by it. Who has the power-which class, which ruler, which faction, which sex-to impose what can be said and not said? Whose language, because of the power of its users, imposes a given view of reality upon whoever fails to resist that language? It is always easy to find examples showing that to control a language is to control everyone who uses that language; critics have found that analysis of power turns up astonishing and sometimes even persuasive transformations of our traditional views, both of our cultural history and of our picture of how we work together in discourse. ' I am not interested in arguing that it is a mistake to travel this route. Power is one good starting point in thinking about any human problem. But of course
Distribution of VP4 gene alleles in human rotaviruses by using probes to the hyperdivergent region of the VP4 gene

The rotavirus VP4 protein elicits the production of neutralizing antibodies and is known to play a role in inducing resistance to disease. At least five human rotavirus VP4 gene alleles have been described on the basis of antigenic polymorphism and/or nucleotide sequence differences. In the present study, we developed cDNA probes directed at the hyperdivergent region of the VP4 gene of the five described human rotavirus VP4 alleles (Wa, DS1, M37, AU228, and 69M) and used them in hybridization assays with human rotavirus strains from Latin America and Europe to determine the distribution of the VP4 gene alleles in nature. The Wa-like allele was detected most frequently, occurring in 57% of the 402 rotavirus strains tested, and the DS1-like allele was the next most common, occurring in 14% of the strains tested. The M37- and AU228-like alleles were detected in only 4 and 3% of the rotavirus strains tested, respectively, whereas the 69M-like VP4 gene allele was not detected. Several rotavirus strains from Europe did not react with any of the VP4 gene probes, although they did hybridize to a probe generated from a representative strain from the group. These data indicate the global distribution of various VP4 gene alleles and raise the possibility that other, unrecognized human VP4 alleles exist in nature because almost one-fourth of the strains could not be classified into any of the established VP4 groups.
End-to-End Security Protection

The IEEE 802.16 standard (mobile broadband wireless access system), which is also known as worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), is one of the latest technologies in the wireless world. The main goal of WiMAX is to deliver wireless communications with quality of service (QoS) guarantees, security, and mobility. In this article, we have evaluated the performance of the Internet Protocol security (IPSec) over WiMAX networks. We have also illustrated the results of the simulations. We have also depicted the processing time and the throughput introduced when IPSec is applied over WiMAX technology (IEEE 802.16).
Activated Macrophages Infected with Legionella Inhibit T Cells by Means of MyD88-Dependent Production of Prostaglandins1

To understand how macrophages (Mφ) activated with IFN-γ modulate the adaptive immune response to intracellular pathogens, the interaction of IFN-γ-treated bone marrow-derived murine Mφ (BMφ) with Legionella pneumophila was investigated. Although Legionella was able to evade phagosome lysosome fusion initially, and was capable of de novo protein synthesis within IFN-γ-treated BMφ, intracellular growth of Legionella was restricted. It was determined that activated BMφ infected with Legionella suppressed IFN-γ production by Ag-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. A factor sufficient for suppression of T cell responses was present in culture supernatants isolated from activated BMφ following Legionella infection. Signaling pathways requiring MyD88 and TLR2 were important for production of a factor produced by IFN-γ-treated BMφ that interfered with effector T cell functions. Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent production of PGs by IFN-γ-treated BMφ infected with Legionella was required for inhibition of effector T cell responses. From these data we conclude that activated Mφ can down-modulate Ag-specific T cell responses after they encounter bacterial pathogens through production of PGs, which may be important in preventing unnecessary immune-mediated damage to host tissues.
A reliable facility location design model with site-dependent disruption in the imperfect information context

This paper proposes a reliable facility location design model under imperfect information with site-dependent disruptions; i.e., each facility is subject to a unique disruption probability that varies across the space. In the imperfect information contexts, customers adopt a realistic “trial-and-error” strategy to visit facilities; i.e., they visit a number of pre-assigned facilities sequentially until they arrive at the first operational facility or give up looking for the service. This proposed model aims to balance initial facility investment and expected long-term operational cost by finding the optimal facility locations. A nonlinear integer programming model is proposed to describe this problem. We apply a linearization technique to reduce the difficulty of solving the proposed model. A number of problem instances are studied to illustrate the performance of the proposed model. The results indicate that our proposed model can reveal a number of interesting insights into the facility location design with site-dependent disruptions, including the benefit of backup facilities and system robustness against variation of the loss-of-service penalty.
Targeted interruption of the psaA and psaB genes encoding the reaction‐centre proteins of photosystem I in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413

The two reaction‐centre proteins of the photosystem I (PSI) complex are encoded by two adjacent genes named psaA and psaB. We have performed targeted mutagenesis to insertionally inactivate each of these genes in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. The resulting mutant strains, termed psaA:: NmR and psaB:: NmR, were blue because of a high ratio of phycobilin to chlorophyll and were unable to grow in light. These mutant cells also lacked chemically reducible P700 (the reaction‐centre chlorophylls of PSI) and as a consequence did not exhibit any PSI‐mediated photochemical activity. However, their photosystem II (PSII) complexes were fully active. The loss of the PsaA and PsaB proteins and their associated chlorophyll molecules resulted in a five‐ to sevenfold decrease in the chlorophyll/PSII ratio in the mutant cells relative to the wild‐type cells. Interestingly, the psaS:: NmR and not the psaA:: NmR mutant strain retained a small fluorescence peak (77K) at 721 nm originating from chlorophyll molecule(s) presumably bound to a small amount of the PsaA protein present in the psaB mutant. These results demonstrate that this organism is suitable for the manipulation of PSI reaction‐centre proteins.
Intramuscular dexmedetomidine sedation for pediatric MRI and CT.

OBJECTIVE Although dexmedetomidine has been administered to adults by intramuscular injection for perioperative anxiolysis and sedation, this route in children has not been described, to our knowledge. Our hypothesis was that intramuscular dexmedetomidine can be used to achieve sedation for MRI and CT of children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The quality assurance data on all children who consecutively received intramuscular dexmedetomidine between August 1, 2007, and September 30, 2009, were reviewed. A single or repeated doses of 1-4 αg/kg intramuscular dexmedetomidine had been administered to achieve a minimum Ramsay sedation score of 4. Patient demographics, medical diagnosis, vital signs, adverse events, and outcome measures were reviewed. RESULTS Sixty-five children received consecutive intramuscular dexmedetomidine injections and successfully completed imaging studies. The MRI group received a total mean of 2.9 αg/kg dexmedetomidine, and the CT group received a mean of 2.4 αg/kg (p ≤ 0.01). There was no statistically significant relation between the total dose of dexmedetomidine received, mean time to achieve sedation (13.1-13.4 minutes), or time to meet discharge criteria after arrival in the recovery unit (17.1-21.9 minutes). Nine patients (14%) experienced hypotension, defined as a decrease in blood pressure to less than 20% of the age-adjusted awake normal value. The dosage of dexmedetomidine was not a predictor of hypotension. None of the patients had bradycardia, hypertension, or oxygen desaturation. CONCLUSION The intramuscular route is an alternative approach to dexmedetomidine delivery for pediatric sedation. Larger studies are warranted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and hemodynamic outcome associated with the intramuscular use of dexmedetomidine in the care of children.