Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GuessWhat?! Human Intelligence for Mining Linked Data

Ontologies are an important prerequisite for an increasing number of knowledge-intensive applications, not to mention the great vision of the Semantic Web. However, despite the obvious need of such formal and explicit representations of knowledge, many people refrain from investing into the tedious and time-consuming task of ontology engineering. At the same time, purely automatic means for ontology construction so far have failed to meet our expectations in terms of quality and expressivity. In this paper we describe GuessWhat? , a multi-player online game in the tradition of semantic games with a purpose. By leveraging people’s play instinct it motivates them to contribute to the creation of formal domain ontologies from Linked Open Data.We detail on the implementation of the game and present the results of an initial user study.
Multiple CO Transitions, C I, and HCN from the Cloverleaf Quasar

New millimeter-wavelength emission lines are reported for the Cloverleaf (H1413+117), a gravitationally lensed quasar at redshift 2.56. High signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra of four lines in CO (3 → 2, 4 → 3, 5 → 4, and 7 → 6) have been obtained and are modeled with an escape probability formalism. The line brightness temperatures are flat or rising between CO (3 → 2) and CO (4 → 3) and then drop to the CO (5 → 4) and CO (7 → 6) lines; this falloff suggests that the optical depths in the CO lines are modest (τ4-3 ≲ 3) and that the gas is relatively warm (T ≳ 100 K) and dense (nH2 ≳ 3 × 103 cm-3). The neutral carbon fine-structure line C I (3P1 →3P0) was detected with moderate S/N on two separate occasions and appears secure. The HCN (4 → 3) line is somewhat more tentative, as it was observed only once and detected with moderate S/N. However, its brightness ratio relative to the CO (4 → 3) line, L'(HCN)/L'(CO) ≈ 0.25, is very similar to the ratio seen in luminous infrared galaxies. This probably reflects the gas fraction maintained at high densities by radiation pressure from the active nucleus; alternatively, the HCN transition may be excited through absorption of infrared radiation at 14 μm. The detectability of the Cloverleaf in molecular and neutral atomic transitions is largely due to high emissivity of the gas and magnification from gravitational lensing rather than an extremely large mass of gas.
Electromagnetic characterization of a metasurface-enabled frequency reconfigurable antenna

A scattering-parameter-based method to determine electromagnetic properties of a metasurface-enabled frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented in this paper. In order to overcome the challenge of modeling the thin metasurface, we treat it together with the antenna superstrate as a slab, whose effective thickness is then numerically settled. Anisotropy is further included in the effective medium model, which improves the flexibility and the accuracy of the characterization process. The method is validated by numerical experiments.
The Role of Arch Compression and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Dynamics in Modulating Plantar Fascia Strain in Running

Elastic energy returned from passive-elastic structures of the lower limb is fundamental in lowering the mechanical demand on muscles during running. The purpose of this study was to investigate the two length-modulating mechanisms of the plantar fascia, namely medial longitudinal arch compression and metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) excursion, and to determine how these mechanisms modulate strain, and thus elastic energy storage/return of the plantar fascia during running. Eighteen runners (9 forefoot and 9 rearfoot strike) performed three treadmill running trials; unrestricted shod, shod with restricted arch compression (via an orthotic-style insert), and barefoot. Three-dimensional motion capture and ground reaction force data were used to calculate lower limb kinematics and kinetics including MPJ angles, moments, powers and work. Estimates of plantar fascia strain due to arch compression and MPJ excursion were derived using a geometric model of the arch and a subject-specific musculoskeletal model of the plantar fascia, respectively. The plantar fascia exhibited a typical elastic stretch-shortening cycle with the majority of strain generated via arch compression. This strategy was similar in fore- and rear-foot strike runners. Restricting arch compression, and hence the elastic-spring function of the arch, was not compensated for by an increase in MPJ-derived strain. In the second half of stance the plantar fascia was found to transfer energy between the MPJ (energy absorption) and the arch (energy production during recoil). This previously unreported energy transfer mechanism reduces the strain required by the plantar fascia in generating useful positive mechanical work at the arch during running.
The United States and the Great Powers: World Politics in the Twenty-First Century

Chapter one -- Introduction. Chapter two-- Identity. Chapter three -- Polarity in Theory and Practice. Chapter four -- Great Powers -- A Troubled Concept? Chapter five -- Rethinking Definitions: Superpowers, Great Powers and Regional Powers. Chapter six -- Where We Are Now: One Superpower and Several Great Powers. Chapter seven -- Options for the Future I: Two or Three Superpowers and a Few Great Powers. Chapter eight -- Options for the Future I: Two or Three Superpowers and a Few Great Powers. Chapter nine -- Understanding the Turn in the US Foreign Policy. Chapter ten -- Where to From Here?
Proactive protection scheme for Small Backoff Window attack over Cognitive Radio Networks

As a novel technique to enhance the spectrum utilization by allowing Secondary Users (SUs) with an opportunistic manner to access available spectrum resource, cognitive radio has attracted much academic and industrial attentions. However, the common available spectrum resource will motivate certain Normal SUs (NSUs) to become selfish (called Greedy Cognitive Radios, GCRs). In particular, these GCRs deliberately revise the MAC protocol parameters and adopt Small Backoff Window (SBW) attack to gain the high priority of spectrum usage. In this paper, we propose a proactive protection scheme in Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks (DSRNs) to constrain this unfair competition, while guarantee the fairness and Quality of Service (QoS) of independent NSUs' transmission. In the proposed scheme, GCRs with high priority are allowed to access spectrum resource, while satisfying two prior rules: Rule 1, GCRs are required to prolong the transmission time of each packet in exchange for the high priority on spectrum usage; Rule 2, GCRs allow NSUs to transmit data with themselves simultaneously in certain slots. Simulation results show the proposed proactive protection scheme can effectively improves NSUs' throughput over DCRNs.
On some applications of probability to analysis and number theory

It would be quite impossible to give a survey of these subjects in a short article or lecture, and I will only succeed by making some arbitrary restrictions on the topics with which I will deal . First of all, I will restrict myself to problems and results on which I worked, and secondly, I will not discuss subjects which have been discussed in recently appeared review articles [1] . Probabilistic methods have been used in analysis for several decades ; it suffices to name Paley, Wiener, Kolmogoroff, Zygmund, Salem, Steinhaus, Kac, Dvoretzky, Kahane, and many others . I will restrict myself to some questions my collaborators and I worked on for several
Research on the complex vector control strategy for MW level permanent magnet synchronous wind-driven generator

Aimed at the application of directly driven PMSG (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator) in MW wind power system, a strategy of compound vector control with the orientation at the direction of stator current is proposed in this paper. This strategy adopts the MTCRC (Maximum Torque / Current Ratio Control) mode to perform normal power generation within the range between the cut-in speed and a turning speed of the generator, but uses the WFC (Weakening Flux Control) to keep the system stability and safety, meanwhile generate as much as possible the power while the speed climbs into the range between the turning speed and the turbine's limit. The two control modes may switch to each other according to the real time status of the system, and the feasibility of the proposed strategy is verified by simulation and experiments.
The SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey — I. First measurements of the submillimetre luminosity and dust mass functions

This is the first of a series of papers presenting results from the SCUBA Local Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS), the first statistical survey of the submillimetre properties of the local Universe. As the initial part of this survey, we have used the SCUBA camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to observe 104 galaxies from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample. We present here the 850-μm flux measurements. The 60-, 100-, and 850-μm flux densities are well fitted by single-temperature dust spectral energy distributions, with the sample mean and standard deviation for the best-fitting temperature being Td=35.6±4.9 K and for the dust emissivity index β=1.3±0.2. The dust temperature was found to correlate with 60-μm luminosity. The low value of β may simply mean that these galaxies contain a significant amount of dust that is colder than these temperatures. We have estimated dust masses from the 850-μm fluxes and from the fitted temperature, although if a colder component at around 20 K is present (assuming a β of 2), then the estimated dust masses are a factor of 1.5–3 too low. We have made the first direct measurements of the submillimetre luminosity function (LF) and of the dust mass function. Unlike the IRAS 60-μm LF, these are well fitted by Schechter functions. The slope of the 850-μm LF at low luminosities is steeper than −2, implying that the LF must flatten at luminosities lower than we probe here. We show that extrapolating the 60-μm LF to 850 μm using a single temperature and β does not reproduce the measured submillimetre LF. A population of ‘cold’ galaxies (Td<25 K) emitting strongly at submillimetre wavelengths would have been excluded from the 60-μm-selected sample. If such galaxies do exist, then this estimate of the 850-μm flux is biased (it is underestimated). Whether such a population does exist is unknown at present. We correlate many of the global galaxy properties with the FIR/submillimetre properties. We find that there is a tendency for less luminous galaxies to contain hotter dust and to have a greater star formation efficiency (cf. Young). The average gas-to-dust ratio for the sample is 581±43 (using both the atomic and molecular hydrogen), which is significantly higher than the Galactic value of 160. We believe that this discrepancy is probably due to a ‘cold dust’ component at Td≤20 K in our galaxies. There is a surprisingly tight correlation between dust mass and the mass of molecular hydrogen, estimated from CO measurements, with an intrinsic scatter of ≃50 per cent.
Constructing ontology for customer information in consumer support systems

For enterprises, customer relationships have been commonly recognized as a critical factor to succeed their business. Effective customer relationships could help enterprises deliver services to customers based on their needs, preferences, or past transactions. In this context, many discussions have already been presented where Consumer Support Systems (CSS) is most recently introduced that alleviates the shortcomings in other approaches by a 4-layer framework of collaborative mechanisms to support effective information/service provision between enterprises and customers. Since in CSS customers get used to participate in various communities to share or co-learn information about their experiences or requests on enterprises, a comprehensive structure for such information is therefore necessary for its easy sharing or co-learning among these customers. For this need and as a pristine way for knowledge-sharing by ontology, we present in this paper a method for the construction of an ontology that describes customer information with an easy understood structure. The method starts from the specification of the ontology based on the experiences of customers, through the browsing of their new ideas, and ends with the verification of its consistency. To illustrate, the method is applied in an exemplified application for travel arrangement.
[Influence of cumulated sexual trauma on sexual life and relationship of a patient].

AIM The assessment of links of accumulated traumatic events of a sexual nature, recollected from the past, with the current functioning of the patients in the area of sexual life and relationship. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comorbidity of memories of traumatic sexual events from childhood and puberty in patients with the features of their current partner relationships and sexual life were analyzed on the basis of Live Inventory completed by 2,582 women and 1,347 men, before treatment in day hospital (years 1980-2002). The accumulation was evaluated for a combination of two or three selected events. RESULTS The presence of relatively numerous traumatic events in the field of sexuality early initiation or enforced initiation, incest or its attempt, sub-optimal sexual education and punishment for masturbation was indicated. In some patients, these events occurred simultaneously. Especially in women, the presence in the same person of two or three aggravating circumstances of life was associated with a higher risk of among others fleeting, casual sexual contacts, marriage under the influence of environment pressures, reluctance to partner. CONCLUSIONS Increased accumulation - the presence in the same patient of more than one adverse circumstances associated with sexual development - leads to a higher incidence of interference in relationship with a partner including the elements of sexual dysfunction. The obtained results are generally consistent with clinical observations and literature despite different, simplified methodology of the study based on the analysis of single variables from questionnaire interviews. Finding fewer links in the group of men can be explained by their much lower number in the study group and less frequent burdening with certain traumatic events or different experiencing.
A functional model to describe the action of the adductor muscles at the hip in the transverse plane

Anatomical texts agree on most muscle actions, with a notable exception being the action of the adductors of the hip in the transverse plane. Some texts list an action of the adductor brevis (AB), adductor longus (AL), and/or adductor magnus (AM) as internal rotation, whereas others list an action of external rotation. The purpose of this article is to present a functional model in support of the action of external rotation. Transverse plane motion of the femur at the hip during normal gait is driven by subtalar joint motion during the loading response, terminal stance, and preswing phases. During the loading response, the subtalar joint pronates, and the talus adducts. This talar adduction results in the lower leg, and subsequently the femur, internally rotating. During terminal stance and preswing, the opposite occurs; the subtalar joint supinates as the talus abducts in response to forces generated from the lower extremity and in the forefoot. Electromyographic (EMG) studies indicate varied activity in the AB, AL, and AM during the loading response, terminal stance, and preswing phases of the gait cycle. A careful analysis of EMG activity and kinematics during gait suggests that, in the transverse plane, the adductors may be eccentrically controlling internal rotation of the femur at the hip during the loading response, rather than the previously reported role as concentric internal rotators. In addition, these muscles may also concentrically produce external rotation of the femur at the hip during terminal stance and preswing. Physical therapists should consider this important function of the hip adductors during gait when evaluating a patient and designing an intervention program. Anatomical texts should consider listing the concentric action of external rotation of the femur at the hip as one action of the AB, AL, and AM, particularly when starting from the anatomic position.
mBAR: A Materialized Bitmap Based Association Rule Algorithm

With the rapid progress in information technology, the data mining technique has been exploited in various applications. The association rule(hereafter, AR) mining, one of the most popular data mining techniques, is to find the frequent itemsets which occur commonly in transaction database. Of the various AR algorithms, the Apriori is most popular, and it has been continuously improved during the past decade. Even with recent version, however, it is very time consuming for the Apriori-based algorithms to count frequent itemset since, basically for each k-size item set, we need to compute its support on-the-fly.
BEST: Bayesian estimation of species trees under the coalescent model

UNLABELLED BEST implements a Bayesian hierarchical model to jointly estimate gene trees and the species tree from multilocus sequences. It provides a new option for estimating species phylogenies within the popular Bayesian phylogenetic program MrBayes. The technique of simulated annealing is adopted along with Metropolis coupling as performed in MrBayes to improve the convergence rate of the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. AVAILABILITY http://www.stat.osu.edu/~dkp/BEST.
Econometrics for Grumblers: A New Look at the Literature on Cross-Country Growth Empirics

Since the seminal contribution of Gregory Mankiw, David Romer and David Weil (1992), the growth empirics literature has used increasingly sophisticated methods to select relevant growth determinants in estimating cross-section growth regressions. The vast majority of empirical approaches however limit cross-country heterogeneity in production technology to the specification of Total Factor Productivity, the ‘measure of our ignorance’ (Abramowitz, 1956). The central theme of this survey is an investigation of this choice of specification against the background of pertinent data properties when the units of observations are countries or regions and the time-series dimension of the data becomes substantial. We present two general empirical frameworks for cross-country productivity analysis and demonstrate that they encompass the approaches in the growth empirics literature of the past two decades. We then develop our central argument, that cross-country heterogeneity in the impact of observables and unobservables on output is important for reliable empirical analysis. This idea is developed against the background of the pertinent time-series and cross-section properties of macro panel data.
TLR3, TLR4 and TLRs7–9 Induced Interferons Are Not Impaired in Airway and Blood Cells in Well Controlled Asthma

Defective Rhinovirus induced interferon-β and interferon-λ production has been reported in bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatics but the mechanisms of defective interferon induction in asthma are unknown. Virus infection can induce interferon through Toll like Receptors (TLR)3, TLR7 and TLR8. The role of these TLRs in interferon induction in asthma is unclear. This objective of this study was to measure the type I and III interferon response to TLR in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood cells from atopic asthmatics and non-atopic non-asthmatics. Bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from atopic asthmatic and non-atopic non-asthmatic subjects were stimulated with agonists to TLR3, TLR4 & TLRs7–9 and type I and III interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-8, responses assessed. mRNA expression was analysed by qPCR. Interferon proteins were analysed by ELISA. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were induced by each TLR ligand in both cell types. Ligands to TLR3 and TLR7/8, but not other TLRs, induced interferon-β and interferon-λ in bronchial epithelial cells. The ligand to TLR7/8, but not those to other TLRs, induced only type I interferons in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. No difference was observed in TLR induced interferon or pro-inflammatory cytokine production between asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects from either cell type. TLR3 and TLR7/8,, stimulation induced interferon in bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Interferon induction to TLR agonists was not observed to be different in asthmatics and non-asthmatics.
IOmeter performance comparison of SBOD and MBOD

In this paper, the performance of the emerging Switched Bunch Of Disks (SBOD) RAID architecture is compared to the more traditional Managed Bunch Of Disks (MBOD) using both analytical and simulation models. The benchmark used for this comparison is the conventional IOmeter that enables Throughput and IOPS of these systems to be compared. The SBOD configuration that maximises its performance is first investigated. Using both analytical and simulation models, it was found that the SBOD performs between 104% to 275% better than the MBOD, depending on the size of the requests in the IOmeter traffic workload.
Estimating peak oxygen uptake in adolescents with cystic fibrosis

Objectives To predict peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) from the peak work rate (Wpeak) obtained during a cycle ergometry test using the Godfrey protocol in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), and assess the accuracy of the model for prognostication clustering. Methods Out of our database of anthropometric, spirometric and maximal exercise data from adolescents with CF (N=363; 140 girls and 223 boys; age 14.77±1.73 years; mean expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%pred) 86.82±17.77%), a regression equation was developed to predict VO2peak (mL/min). Afterwards, this prediction model was validated with cardiopulmonary exercise data from another 60 adolescents with CF (28 girls, 32 boys; mean age 14.6±1.67 years; mean FEV1%pred 85.43±20.01%). Results We developed a regression model VO2peak (mL/min)=216.3–138.7×sex (0=male; 1=female)+11.5×Wpeak; R2=0.91; SE of the estimate (SEE) 172.57. A statistically significant difference (107 mL/min; p<0.001) was found between predicted VO2peak and measured VO2peak in the validation group. However, this difference was not clinically relevant because the difference was within the SEE of the model. Furthermore, we found high positive predictive and negative predictive values for the model for prognostication clustering (PPV 50–87% vs NPV 82–94%). Conclusions In the absence of direct VO2peak assessment it is possible to estimate VO2peak in adolescents with CF using only a cycle ergometer. Furthermore, the regression model showed to be able to discriminate patients in different prognosis clusters based on exercise capacity.
Advanced Information Extraction with n-gram based LSI

Number of documents being created increases at an increasing pace while most of them being in already known topics and little of them introducing new concepts. This fact has started a new era in information retrieval discipline where the requirements have their own specialties. That is digging into topics and concepts and finding out subtopics or relations between topics. Up to now IR researches were interested in retrieving documents about a general topic or clustering documents under generic subjects. However these conventional approaches can’t go deep into content of documents which makes it difficult for people to reach to right documents they were searching. So we need new ways of mining document sets where the critic point is to know much about the contents of the documents. As a solution we are proposing to enhance LSI, one of the proven IR techniques by supporting its vector space with n-gram forms of words. Positive results we have obtained are shown in two different application area of IR domain; querying a document database, clustering documents in the document database. Keywords—Document clustering, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval, LSI,n-gram.