Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic frequency management in 802.11‐based multi‐radio wireless networks

Efficient channel selection is essential in 802.11 mesh deployments, for minimising contention and interference among co‐channel devices and thereby supporting a plurality of quality of service (QoS)‐sensitive applications. A few protocols have been proposed for frequency allocation in such networks; however, they do not address the problem end‐to‐end. In this paper, we present a general formulation of the channel selection problem, taking into account the performance of both mesh access and mesh backhaul. Moreover, we propose a routing‐aware channel selection protocol for wireless mesh networks (ARACHNE). ARACHNE is distributed in nature and motivated by our measurements on a wireless testbed. The main novelty of our protocol comes from adopting a metric that captures the end‐to‐end link loads across different routes in the network. ARACHNE prioritises the assignment of low‐interference channels to links that (i) need to serve high‐load aggregate traffic and/or (ii) already suffer significant levels of contention and interference. Our protocol takes into account the number of potential interfaces (radios) per device and allocates these interfaces in a manner that efficiently utilises the available channel capacity. We evaluate ARACHNE through extensive, trace‐driven simulations, and we show the approaches to the optimal channel selection. We observe that our protocol improves the total network throughput, as compared to three other representative channel allocation approaches in literature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-rank robust adaptive beamforming techniques using joint iterative optimization

This work presents cost-effective low-rank techniques for designing robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) algorithms. At first, we introduce an orthogonal Krylov subspace projection mismatch estimation (OKSPME) method, in which a general linear equation is considered in large dimensions which aims to solve for the steering vector mismatch with known information, then we employ the idea of the full orthogonalization method (FOM), an orthogonal Krylov subspace based method, to iteratively estimate the steering vector mismatch in a reduced-dimensional subspace. An adaptive algorithm based on stochastic gradient and joint iterative optimization (JIO) dimensionality reduction technique is devised for beamforming large sensor arrays with low complexity. Simulations results show excellent performance in terms of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) among all the compared RAB methods.
The optimal thresholds in the post-process of diffusion tensor tractography of prostate

The purpose of us was investigating the optimal fractional anisotropy (FA) value and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the post-process of diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) of prostate. Twenty volunteers without diseases of prostate were included in our clinical trial. Conventional sequences and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) were scanned in GE Signa HDxt 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging machine, using a TORSPOA coil. All data was sent to ADW4.5 workstation to complete analysis and post-process. Two radiologists separately viewed the images of volunteers, drawed Regions of Interest (ROI) to reconstruct 3D microstruture of prostate fibers and graded sequently. Manual instruction was abode. ROI contained the full prostate was placed to track fibers on the condition of different FA and ADC values. FA thresholds differed by every 0.02 ranging from 0.06 to 0.14, ADC thresholds varied by every 0.0005 ranging from 0.0010 to 0.0030. Figures of fibers tracked with various FA and ADC were reserved. To qualitatively and half-quantitatively analysis the reconstructed fibers in prostate, four-point Likert scale was chosen, grades from two experts were averaged. Finally, the DTT images of prostate with a FA 0.10 gained the highest score among all FAs, while DTT image with an ADC 0.0020 was the best among all ADCs. Above all, DTT of prostate tracked with FA = 0.10 and ADC = 0.0020 maybe proper to get fibers images similar to anatomy.
Debt, Stabilization, and Development: Essays in Memory of Carlos Diaz-Alejandro

Lal Jayawardena Carlos Diaz-Alejandro, An Appreciation, G. Ranis From Graduate Student to Professional Peer, C.P. Kindleberger. Part 1 International Lending and the Deby Crisis - Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Solutions: Lessons of the 1890s for the 1980s, A. Fishlow. House Calls of the Money Doctor - The Kemmerer Missions to Latin America, 1917-1931, B. Eichengreen The Debt Overhang of Developing Countries, J. Sachs International Capital Movements - Theory and Measurements: Country Risk and the Organization of International Capital Transfer, J. Eaton and J.Gersovitz. How Integrated are World Capital Markets? Some New Tests, M. Obstfeld. Liberalization of Trade and Exchange Controls: Economic Liberalization and the Real Exchange Rate in Developing Countries, S. Edwards Smuggler's Blues at the Central Bank - lessons from Sudan, W. Branson and J. Braga de Macedo Stabilization and Economic Reform - Incredible Reforms, G. Calvo Policy Reforms and External Shocks in the Southern Cone - A Reassessment, V. Corbo and J. de Melo The Relevance for Developing Countries of Recent Developements in Macroeconomic Theory, W. M. Corden Indian Macroeconomic Policies, I.M.D. Little and V. Joshi. New Developments in Open Economy Macroeconomics: New Channels in Transmission of Foreign Shocks, E. Phelps Trade, Capital Flows and Dynamics of the Real Exchange Rate, P. Kouri International Trade, Factor Mobility and Development The New Trade Theory and the Developing Countries, P. Krugman Policy-induced Inflows of Foreign Capital in the Presence of Rigid Wage Unemployment, R. Brecher North-South Models and the Evolution of Global Interdependence, R. Findlay Technological Progress and Socio-Economic Structure, J. Stiglitz and R. Sah.
SN 2003du: Signatures of the Circumstellar Environment in a Normal Type Ia Supernova?

We present observations of the Type Ia supernova 2003du obtained with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and report the detection of a high-velocity component in the Ca II infrared triplet near 8000 Å, similar to features previously observed in SN 2000cx and SN 2001el. This feature exhibits a large expansion velocity (≈18,000 km s-1), which is nearly constant between -7 and +2 days relative to maximum light and disappears shortly thereafter. Other than this feature, the spectral evolution and light curve of SN 2003du resemble those of a normal SN Ia. We consider a possible origin for this high-velocity Ca II line in the context of a self-consistent spherical delayed-detonation model for the supernova. We find that the Ca II feature can be caused by a dense shell formed when circumstellar material of solar abundance is overrun by the rapidly expanding outermost layers of the SN ejecta. Model calculations show that the optical and infrared spectra are remarkably unaffected by the circumstellar interaction and the resulting shell. In particular, no hydrogen lines are detectable in either absorption or emission after the phase of dynamic interaction. The only qualitatively different features in the model spectra are the strong, high-velocity feature in the Ca II IR triplet around 8000 Å and a somewhat weaker O I feature near 7,300 Å. The Doppler shift and time evolution of these features provides an estimate for the amount of accumulated matter (decreasing Doppler shift with increasing shell mass) and also an indication of the mixing within the dense shell. For high shell masses (≈5 × 10-2 M☉), the high-velocity component of the Ca II line merges with the photospheric line forming a broad feature. A cutoff of the blue wings of strong, unblended lines (particularly the Si II feature at about 6,000 Å) may also be observable for larger shell masses. The model SN Ia light curves are little effected except at very early times when the shell is partially optically thick because of Thomson scattering, resulting in larger (B-V) colors by up to 0.3 mag. We apply these diagnostic tools to SN 2003du and infer that about 2 × 10-2 M☉ of solar abundance material may have accumulated in a shell prior to the observations. Furthermore, in this interpretation, the early light-curve data imply that the circumstellar material was originally very close to the progenitor system, perhaps from an accretion disk, Roche lobe, or common envelope. Because of the observed confinement of Ca II in velocity space and the lack of ongoing interaction inferred from the light curve, the matter cannot be placed in the outer layers of the exploding white dwarf star or related to a recent period of high mass loss in the progenitor system prior to the explosion. We note that the signatures of circumstellar interaction could be rather common in Type Ia supernovae and may have eluded discovery because optical spectra often do not extend significantly beyond 7500 Å.
In Vitro Stability Evaluation of Rhenium-188-MAG3: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Prevention of Restenosis after Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty

Backgrounds: Following coronary angioplasty restenosis occurs in ≥30% of cases. Local irradiation of the stenosed artery immediately after angioplasty using 188Re-MAG3 delivered into the diseased vessel via a balloon to prevent the restenosis is currently under investigation (IND). A potential complication of the procedure is balloon rupture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiochemical stability of 188Re-MAG3. Stable 188Re- MAG3, in unlikely event of balloon rupture, will be quickly eliminated via the kidneys, with a resultant acceptability low whole body radiation dose. Unstable 188Re- MAG3, which is retained in various organs results in a greater radiation burden to the patient. Methods: 188Re-MAG3 (3.7 GBq/ml) was prepared, and the product was evenly divided into 5 sample groups: control (without ascorbic or gentisic acid), with 25 mg of ascorbic acid, with 50 mg of ascorbic acid, with 1 mg of gentisic acid, and with 2 mg of gentisic acid. The samples were kept at room temperature. The in vitro stability of each sample was analyzed (N=3) by using ITLCSG/ normal saline, TLC-SG 60/acetonitrile, and Sep- Pak C18 column /0.001N HCl, ethanol/normal saline systems at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h after preparation. Results: The results demonstrated that the mean radiochemical purity of the control sample decreased from 97% to 80% at 3 h, to 59% at 6 h, and to 4% at 24 h after preparation. In the presence of either 25 mg or 50 mg of ascorbic acid, the stability of 188Re-MAG3 was fully preserved after 24 h. In the presence of 1 mg or 2 mg of gentisic acid, the stability of 188Re-MAG3 was fully preserved up to 6 h after preparation. Conclusion: The presence of ascorbic acid (25~50 mg) is needed to maintain in vitro stability of 188Re-MAG3.
WARP: Workload Nature Adaptive Replacement Policy

In the present universal scenario where the dependence on heterogeneous multi-core processors is tremendous, dealing with algorithms focusing on coherence between shared caches is imperative. WARP redesigns the replacement policy in the last level cache. In this policy, the shared (clean) lines and the private exclusive line are given the first two priorities dynamically followed by private modified and shared lines. By this method a set of victims are presented over which any replacement policy can be chosen to select a viable victim. Implementing the same, a significant performance improvement is observed with the last level shared cache. This performance improvement was solely from the policy implemented on the last level cache and not from any other parameters. General Terms Computer Architecture, High Performance Computing.
The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Salvia miltiorrhiza

Salvia miltiorrhiza is an important medicinal plant with great economic and medicinal value. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the first sequenced member of the Lamiaceae family, is reported here. The genome is 151,328 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 82,695 bp) and small (SSC, 17,555 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 25,539 bp). It contains 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and four rRNAs. The genome structure, gene order, GC content and codon usage are similar to the typical angiosperm cp genomes. Four forward, three inverted and seven tandem repeats were detected in the Salvia miltiorrhiza cp genome. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis among the 30 asterid cp genomes revealed that most SSRs are AT-rich, which contribute to the overall AT richness of these cp genomes. Additionally, fewer SSRs are distributed in the protein-coding sequences compared to the non-coding regions, indicating an uneven distribution of SSRs within the cp genomes. Entire cp genome comparison of Salvia miltiorrhiza and three other Lamiales cp genomes showed a high degree of sequence similarity and a relatively high divergence of intergenic spacers. Sequence divergence analysis discovered the ten most divergent and ten most conserved genes as well as their length variation, which will be helpful for phylogenetic studies in asterids. Our analysis also supports that both regional and functional constraints affect gene sequence evolution. Further, phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a sister relationship between Salvia miltiorrhiza and Sesamum indicum. The complete cp genome sequence of Salvia miltiorrhiza reported in this paper will facilitate population, phylogenetic and cp genetic engineering studies of this medicinal plant.
Uncertainty in hydrologic modeling: Toward an integrated data assimilation framework

Despite significant recent developments in computational power and distributed hydrologic modeling, the issue of how to adequately address the uncertainty associated with hydrological predictions remains a critical and challenging one. This issue needs to be properly addressed for hydrological modeling to realize its maximum practical potential in environmental decision‐making processes. Arguably, the key to properly addressing hydrologic uncertainty is to understand, quantify, and reduce uncertainty involved in hydrologic modeling in a cohesive, systematic manner. Although general principles and techniques on addressing hydrologic uncertainty are emerging in the literature, there exist no well‐accepted guidelines about how to actually implement these principles and techniques in various hydrologic settings in an integrated manner. This paper reviews, in relevant detail, the common data assimilation methods that have been used in hydrologic modeling to address problems of state estimation, parameter estimation, and system identification. In particular, the paper discusses concepts, methods, and issues involved in hydrologic data assimilation from a systems perspective. An integrated hierarchical framework is proposed for pursuing hydrologic data assimilation in several progressive steps to maximally reduce uncertainty in hydrologic predictions.
BINOCULAR BRIGHTNESS AVERAGING AND CONTOUR INFORMATION.

Binocular brightness averaging has been investigated under two conditions: with identical contour information in both eyes and with different contour information. Equibrightness curves are presented for the simple case, in which right and left test fields are identical in pattern but different in luminance. These curves are for the most part linear; i.e. if the weighted sum of left and right luminance is constant, the same binocular brightness impression is produced. The sum of the weighting co-efficients is unity (law of complementary shares). In the absence of eye dominance, the weights are equal; otherwise a correction for eye dominance must be made. If monocular contour information is present in one test field, brightness averaging remains linear, but the weight for that eye increases at the cost of the weight for the other eye. In a region close to a monocular contour (within 1° of visual angle), the weight approaches unity, so that binocular brightness in this region is dependent upon the luminance in one eye only. A suggested explanation of Fechner's paradox is given, and the implications of the approach for the mechanism of binocular rivalry are considered.
Pricing Policy in the Social Sectors: Cost Recovery for Education and Health in Developing Countries

This book reviews recent research much of it supported by the World Bank-on the desirability of increasing the role of prices in financing and allocating educational and health services, usually the largest components of the social sector budget. The book describes current pricing policy and its effect on efficiency and equity. It then shows how efficiency and equity can be improved by adjusting cost-recovery policies.
Sharpened capacity lower bounds of fading MIMO channels with imperfect CSI

A well-established capacity lower bound of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single-user fading channels operating with imperfect receiver-side channel-state information (CSI) is improved using a simple rate-splitting and successive-decoding scheme. The potential improvement is shown to increase with the number of allowed decoding steps (layers) to such extent that the best layering strategy is approached in the limit as the number of layers tends to infinity. We give a general analytic expression of this limit, which constitutes a new capacity lower bound that is sharper than the conventional bound. Using large random matrix theory, we derive an asymptotic approximation of this novel bound, which is shown via numerical simulation to be highly accurate over the whole range of signal-to-noise ratios.
NS-IMMC: A Method of Generating the Cause-and-Effect of News Topic

On the base of NS-IMMC, this paper propose a new method of generating the cause-and-effect of news topic. The new method choose representative sentences for news documents according to the specialty of news structure (NS, News structure), and then utilizes IMMC (Improved Min-Max clustering) to classify these representative sentences to generate multi-documents summary which represents the topic cause-and-effect. The experimental results prove that excerpts generated by the new method has an all-around content covering and a strong logic, and shows the development of the topic exactly.
Independent confirmation of global land warming without the use of station temperatures

Confidence in estimates of anthropogenic climate change is limited by known issues with air temperature observations from land stations. Station siting, instrument changes, changing observing practices, urban effects, land cover, land use variations, and statistical processing have all been hypothesized as affecting the trends presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and others. Any artifacts in the observed decadal and centennial variations associated with these issues could have important consequences for scientific understanding and climate policy. We use a completely different approach to investigate global land warming over the 20th century. We have ignored all air temperature observations and instead inferred them from observations of barometric pressure, sea surface temperature, and sea‐ice concentration using a physically based data assimilation system called the 20th Century Reanalysis. This independent data set reproduces both annual variations and centennial trends in the temperature data sets, demonstrating the robustness of previous conclusions regarding global warming.
Costs analysis and comparison of usefulness of acute MRI and 2 weeks of cast immobilization for clinically suspected scaphoid fractures

Background and purpose — Fractures of the scaphoid are often not detected on initial plain radiographs. Conventional management of clinically suspected scaphoid fractures is cast immobilization for 2 weeks and then reassessment. Early MRI is a diagnostic alternative. We compared the cost and usefulness of the early MRI diagnostic strategy with that of conventional management. Patients and methods — This prospective pseudo-randomized study included patients between 18 and 49 years of age who attended Bergen Accident and Emergency Department, Bergen, Norway during 1 year in 2009–2010, after sustaining an acute wrist trauma in the previous week and with a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture. 61 patients were investigated with acute MRI, while 63 patients received standard treatment as a control group. We used cost-minimization analysis to estimate the cost of the 2 patient groups. Results — Concerning cost, there were no statistically significant differences in the total direct medical costs or in indirect costs between the groups. Concerning usefulness, patients in the MRI group without a fracture (n = 35) used a cast for fewer days (mean 1 day) than patients in the control group with no fractures (n = 52) (mean 14 days; p < 0.001). They had less than half the number of days on sick leave than patients in the control group (mean 7 days vs. 15 days; p = 0.002). Interpretation — In a Norwegian setting, an early MRI was of value in patients with clinically suspected scaphoid fracture and normal plain radiographs.
CONSORT-EHEALTH Checklist V1.6.2 Report

1b-i) Key features/functionalities/components of the intervention and comparator in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT . "allocated at random to one of three conditions: 1) use of an immersive app, 2) use of a non-immersive app, or 3) usual behavior (control). Both smartphone apps consisted of a fully automated eight-week training program designed to improve fitness and ability to run 5 km; however, the immersive app featured a game-themed design and narrative". 1b-ii) Level of human involvement in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT "Both smartphone apps consisted of a fully automated eight-week training program designed to". 1b-iii) Open vs. closed, web-based (self-assessment) vs. face-to-face assessments in the METHODS section of the ABSTRACT "Participants were recruited through advertisements in electronic mailing lists, local newspapers, flyers posted in community locations, and presentations at schools. " ". using data collected face-to-face at baseline and 8 weeks". ". The primary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness, objectively assessed as time to complete the one mile run/walk test at 8 weeks. Secondary outcomes were physical activity levels (accelerometry and self-reported)". 1b-iv) RESULTS section in abstract must contain use data "Fifty-one participants were randomized to the immersive app intervention (n=17), non-immersive app intervention (n=16), or the control (n=18)" "Overall retention rate was 96%. There was no significant intervention effect on the primary outcome using either of the apps. Compared to the control, time to complete the fitness test was -28.4 sec shorter (95% CI -66.5 to 9.82 sec, P = .20) for the immersive app group and -24.7 sec (95% CI -63.5 to 14.2 sec, P = .32) for the non-immersive app group. No significant intervention effects were found for secondary outcomes" 1b-v) CONCLUSIONS/DISCUSSION in abstract for negative trials "While apps have the ability to increase reach at a low cost, our pragmatic approach using commercially, readily available apps as a stand-alone instrument did not have a significant effect on fitness. " We highlight that the negative results are attributable to insufficient use of the apps in the discussion section.
Estimation of human arm movement with inertial sensors in smartphone

The inertial sensors in smartphone are an type of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). They cannot be used to estimate the movement directly because of the effect of drift, the noise and lack of calibration of the MEMS sensors causes excessive drift effect. Usually in a typical application of the inertial sensors are compensated by GPS data, stellar, solar or magnetic sensor. However, these compensations systems cannot be used for human arm movement capture. In this paper we propose a novel method to estimate movements less than one meter with an smartphone. This method is completly implemented on an Android smartphone.