Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of refractive errors in children in India: a systematic review

Uncorrected refractive error is an avoidable cause of visual impairment which affects children in India. The objective of this review is to estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in children ≤ 15 years of age. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed in this review. A detailed literature search was performed to include all population and school‐based studies published from India between January 1990 and January 2017, using the Cochrane Library, Medline and Embase. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on a critical appraisal tool developed for systematic reviews of prevalence studies. Four population‐based studies and eight school‐based studies were included. The overall prevalence of refractive error per 100 children was 8.0 (CI: 7.4–8.1) and in schools it was 10.8 (CI: 10.5–11.2). The population‐based prevalence of myopia, hyperopia (≥ +2.00 D) and astigmatism was 5.3 per cent, 4.0 per cent and 5.4 per cent, respectively. Combined refractive error and myopia alone were higher in urban areas compared to rural areas (odds ratio [OR]: 2.27 [CI: 2.09–2.45]) and (OR: 2.12 [CI: 1.79–2.50]), respectively. The prevalence of combined refractive errors and myopia alone in schools was higher among girls than boys (OR: 1.2 [CI: 1.1–1.3] and OR: 1.1 [CI: 1.1–1.2]), respectively. However, hyperopia was more prevalent among boys than girls in schools (OR: 2.1 [CI: 1.8–2.4]). Refractive error in children in India is a major public health problem and requires concerted efforts from various stakeholders including the health care workforce, education professionals and parents, to manage this issue.
Annotations in Data Streams

The central goal of data stream algorithms is to process massive streams of data using sublinear storage space. Motivated by work in the database community on outsourcing database and data stream processing, we ask whether the space usage of such algorithms can be further reduced by enlisting a more powerful “helper” that can annotate the stream as it is read. We do not wish to blindly trust the helper, so we require that the algorithm be convinced of having computed a correct answer. We show upper bounds that achieve a nontrivial tradeoff between the amount of annotation used and the space required to verify it. We also prove lower bounds on such tradeoffs, often nearly matching the upper bounds, via notions related to Merlin-Arthur communication complexity. Our results cover the classic data stream problems of selection, frequency moments, and fundamental graph problems such as triangle-freeness and connectivity. Our work is also part of a growing trend—including recent studies of multipass streaming, read/write streams, and randomly ordered streams—of asking more complexity-theoretic questions about data stream processing. It is a recognition that, in addition to practical relevance, the data stream model raises many interesting theoretical questions in its own right.
Co-synthesis of floorplanning and powerplanning in 3D ICs for multiple supply voltage designs

This paper addresses a 3D floorplanning methodology, which considers floorplanning and powerplanning at the same time for Multiple Supply Voltage (MSV) circuits. Physical design becomes more complex for MSV designs since modules with the same power domain have to be placed at close locations in 3D space to facilitate powerplanning and reduce IR-drop, which would deteriorate wirelength. By properly partitioning modules of the same power domain into several voltage islands and increasing overlap area of the voltage islands in contiguous dies, we can reduce routing resource usage without increasing wirelength significantly. Further, unlike previous works, our approach not only can handle a netlist with soft modules and hard modules but also can meet the fixed-outline constraint. The experimental results show that our methodology gets better results than other approach in designs with single voltage domain and is also promising for MSV designs.
NMDA receptor antibodies

Objectives: To analyze the frequency of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in patients with various inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS and to determine their clinical correlates. Methods: Retrospective case-control study from 2005 to 2014 with the detection of serum IgG antibodies to NMDAR, aquaporin-4, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein by recombinant live cell-based immunofluorescence assays. Fifty-one patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, 41 with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, 34 with clinically isolated syndrome, and 89 with multiple sclerosis (MS) were included. Due to a known association of NMDAR antibodies with seizures and behavioral symptoms, patients with those clinical manifestations were preferentially included and are therefore overrepresented in our cohort. Nine patients with NMDAR encephalitis, 94 patients with other neurologic diseases, and 48 healthy individuals were used as controls. Results: NMDAR antibodies were found in all 9 patients with NMDAR encephalitis but in only 1 of 215 (0.5%) patients with inflammatory demyelination and in none of the controls. This patient had relapsing-remitting MS with NMDAR antibodies present at disease onset, with an increase in NMDAR antibody titer with the onset of psychiatric symptoms and cognitive deficits. Conclusion: In demyelinating disorders, NMDAR antibodies are uncommon, even in those with symptoms seen in NMDAR encephalitis.
Haematological and biochemical blood parameters in horses used for sport and recreation Hematologiczne i biochemiczne parametry krwi koni użytkowanych sportowo i rekreacyjnie

The study was conducted to determine and compare the resting values of haematological and biochemical blood indices in clinically healthy horses competing in show jumping and used for leisure activities. The experiment included twenty adult horses of Polish half-bred and Wielkopolska breed which were subjected to a daily training programme typical of their type of use. Blood samples were collected at rest before feeding from the jugular external vein. Show jumpers had higher (P<0.05) red blood cell count, haematocrit value and haemoglobin concentration as well as the serum level of total protein, albumin, α 2 - and γ-globulin, HDL and iron. The level of βglobulin, magnesium and activity of creatine kinase were significantly higher in recreationally used horses. There were no differences in the values of red blood cell parameters (MCV, MCH, MCHC), number of leucocytes and the percentage of their respective kinds, platelets, concentration of urea, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, activity of AST, ALT, LDH and in the content of Na, K, Cl, P, Ca between the tested groups. The results of the present study indicate that the type of training influences some of the resting haematological and biochemical indices in adult horses. Horses used for show jumping have higher aerobic capacity and show a more beneficial lipid profile compared to horses used for recreation.
EEG signal analysis of passage reading and rapid automatized naming between adults with dyslexia and normal controls

Technology plays a major role in discovering and improving accuracies of disorders and difficulties through identification of patterns. This paper attempts to discover such unique brainwave signal patterns found in adults with dyslexia using EEG while performing tasks that are more challenging for individuals with dyslexia. The EEG signals are collected from adults with dyslexia and normal controls during passage reading and rapid automatized naming. EEG signals provide valuable insights into the behaviour of the brain; however, identifying these patterns is not always quite straightforward due to its complexity. We identify these unique patterns and optimal brain regions for classification using machine learning. This study revealed that the greater level of difficulties seen in individuals with dyslexia while performing these tasks compared to normal controls are reflected in the brainwave signal patterns.
Cl–π interactions in protein–ligand complexes

During systematic analysis of nonbonded contacts in protein–ligand complexes derived from crystal structures in the Protein Data Bank, Cl–π interactions have been found, not only in the well‐documented serine proteases but also, to a lesser extent, in other proteins. From geometric analysis of such Cl–π interactions in the crystal structures, two distinct geometries were found: the “edge‐on” approach of a Cl atom to a ring atom or C–C bond and the “face‐on” approach toward the ring centroid with an average interatomic distance of 3.6 Å. High‐level ab initio calculations using benzene–chlorohydrocarbon model systems elucidated that the calculated Cl–π interaction energy is −2.01 kcal/mol, and the dispersion force is the major source of attraction. We also discussed the geometric flexibility in Cl–π interactions and a relationship between the intensity of the π density in an aromatic ring and the interaction position of the Cl atom.
Long-time Behavior of Hydrodynamic Systems modeling the Nematic Liquid Crystals

In this paper we study the long-time behavior of the classical solutions to a hydrodynamical system modeling the flow of nematic liquid crystals with rod-like molecules. This system consists of a coupled system of Navier–Stokes equations and kinematic transport equations for the molecular orientations. By using a suitable Łojasiewicz–Simon type inequality, we prove the convergence of global solutions to single steady states as time tends to infinity. Moreover, we provide estimates for the convergence rate.
A modeling study of backscattering from soil surfaces

An examination of soil particles from very fine to medium sand surfaces has indicated that they are generally on the order of 50 to 500 /spl mu/m. Thus, at an incident wavelength around 0.6 /spl mu/m, the incident light should "see" microscopic roughness features on the particle rather than its microscopic features. It is anticipated that the macroscopic features of a soil particle are responsible for the shadowing and tilting. Note that these smaller scales of roughness may-still be larger than the incident wavelength. In view of this physical structure, a soil particle is modeled as a layer with two arbitrarily oriented surface boundaries to simulate the overall roughness effect. A scattering phase function is then developed for this layer by considering wave scattering from and propagating through it. A probability distribution function for the orientation of the layer boundaries is assumed for the calculation of this phase function. After the phase function is developed, it is incorporated into a matrix doubling algorithm calculate the backscattering coefficients for a half space of soil particles. Preliminary results indicate that backscattering is dominated by the small scales of roughness riding on the particle, and those large scales of roughness are responsible for tilting and shadowing.
Gold- and Silver Nanoparticles Affect the Growth Characteristics of Human Embryonic Neural Precursor Cells

Rapid development of nanotechnologies and their applications in clinical research have raised concerns about the adverse effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on human health and environment. NPs can be directly taken up by organs exposed, but also translocated to secondary organs, such as the central nervous system (CNS) after systemic- or subcutaneous administration, or via the olfactory system. The CNS is particularly vulnerable during development and recent reports describe transport of NPs across the placenta and even into brain tissue using in vitro and in vivo experimental systems. Here, we investigated whether well-characterized commercial 20 and 80 nm Au- and AgNPs have an effect on human embryonic neural precursor cell (HNPC) growth. After two weeks of NP exposure, uptake of NPs, morphological features and the amount of viable and dead cells, proliferative cells (Ki67 immunostaining) and apoptotic cells (TUNEL assay), respectively, were studied. We demonstrate uptake of both 20 and 80 nm Au- and AgNPs respectively, by HNPCs during proliferation. A significant effect on the sphere size- and morphology was found for all cultures exposed to Au- and AgNPs. AgNPs of both sizes caused a significant increase in numbers of proliferating and apoptotic HNPCs. In contrast, only the highest dose of 20 nm AuNPs significantly affected proliferation, whereas no effect was seen on apoptotic cell death. Our data demonstrates that both Au- and AgNPs interfere with the growth profile of HNPCs, indicating the need of further detailed studies on the adverse effects of NPs on the developing CNS.
High gain single stage inverter

The two stage conversion system is to supply power from a low input source to the high voltage output load incorporating, a chopper along with an inverter. Single stage transferring systems (SSCSs) are formed by including both inverter and chopper conversion systems. It has many advantages such as minimum losses, reduced size and less reverse recovery problems. Here a single stage inverter is presented with features like high gain, low switching losses, free from adverse effects of drop in inductance and it can produce the output voltage higher or lower than the input dc voltage without any intermediate power conversions or transformers. The theory part and simulation of the system are included in this paper.
WP / 04 / 68 A Bayesian Approach to Model Uncertainty

This Working Paper should not be reported as representing the views of the IMF. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the IMF or IMF policy. Policy Discussion Papers describe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicit comments and to further debate. This paper develops the theoretical background for the Limited Information Bayesian Model Averaging (LIBMA). The proposed approach accounts for model uncertainty by averaging over all possible combinations of predictors when making inferences about the variables of interest, and it simultaneously addresses the biases associated with endogenous and omitted variables by incorporating a panel data systems Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Practical applications of the developed methodology are discussed, including testing for the robustness of explanatory variables in the analyses of the determinants of economic growth and poverty. JEL Classification Numbers: C11, C33
N-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl)acetamide

In the title compound, C10H13NO2, the occurrence of intermolecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the hydroxy and acetamido groups results in the formation of tetramers with an R 4 4(25) graph-set motif. These tetramers are further assembled, building up a corrugated sheet parallel to (001).
Principles of schema design for multimedia databases

This paper presents the rudiments of a theory of schema design for databases containing high dimensional features of the type used for describing multimedia data. We introduce a model of multimedia database based on tables containing feature types, and the concept of schema design which is based on splitting tables depending on the functional relations between different parts of the features. We show that certain relations between substructures of a same feature structure can lead to schemas for which efficient algorithms for k-nearest neighbor and range searches can be defined.
Quantifying the source of infection for HIV‐infected hemophiliacs in the U.K. from 1979 to 1984

There is considerable literature on the risk of HIV infection for individuals suffering from hemophilia A in the United Kingdom (U.K.) during the period 1979–1984 when the sources of Factor VIII clotting factor were contaminated with HIV. Toward the end of this period, several investigators reported HIV prevalence among hemophiliacs, often classified by the severity of disease and, to some extent, the source of the clotting factor with which individuals were infused. In the U.K., hemophilia A patients typically received clotting factor from the local National Health Service (NHS) supplies or from commercial product usually imported from the United States. Litigation on behalf of U.K. hemophiliacs, their survivors, and estates remains unresolved, cases in which it becomes important to quantify the fraction of U.K. hemophiliac HIV infections attributable to imported blood product. For HIV‐infected individuals who received Factor VIII from one source exclusively, the source of infection is clear, assuming no other risk factors. For patients who used both types of clotting factor, the source of infection is uncertain. For the U.K. as a whole, we produce quantitative estimates of the conditional probability of infection due to a specific source, based on HIV prevalence in groups exclusively exposed to a specific source and the percentage of clotting factor that was imported. With plausible estimates of these input parameters, an estimate of the conditional probability of infection due to imported product is 0.93 (95 per cent CI: 0.90–0.96). This estimate is relatively insensitive to changes in input parameters, but may vary over subgroups of hemophiliacs. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entire Space Multi-Task Model: An Effective Approach for Estimating Post-Click Conversion Rate

Estimating post-click conversion rate (CVR) accurately is crucial for ranking systems in industrial applications such as recommendation and advertising. Conventional CVR modeling applies popular deep learning methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance. However it encounters several task-specific problems in practice, making CVR modeling challenging. For example, conventional CVR models are trained with samples of clicked impressions while utilized to make inference on the entire space with samples of all impressions. This causes a sample selection bias problem. Besides, there exists an extreme data sparsity problem, making the model fitting rather difficult. In this paper, we model CVR in a brand-new perspective by making good use of sequential pattern of user actions, i.e., impression -> click -> conversion. The proposed Entire Space Multi-task Model (ESMM) can eliminate the two problems simultaneously by i) modeling CVR directly over the entire space, ii) employing a feature representation transfer learning strategy. Experiments on dataset gathered from Taobao's recommender system demonstrate that ESMM significantly outperforms competitive methods. We also release a sampling version of this dataset to enable future research. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public dataset which contains samples with sequential dependence of click and conversion labels for CVR modeling.
Risk factors for low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in otherwise healthy children and adolescents 1 – 3

Background: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations serve as a biomarker for vitamin D stores. Prior studies have not examined the risk factors for low vitamin D concentrations in a multiethnic sample of US youth across a broad age range. Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with low concentrations of 25(OH)D in children and adolescents. Design: Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in 382 healthy children aged 6-21 y living in the northeastern United States. Dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake was assessed by interview. Fat and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with decreased concentrations of 25(OH)D. Results: The median concentration of 25(OH)D was 28 ng/mL (interquartile range: 19–35 ng/mL), and 55% of subjects had 25(OH)D concentrations 30 ng/mL. 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely correlated with parathyroid hormone concentrations (Spearman’s r 0.31, P 0.001) but were not significantly correlated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. In the multivariable model, older age (P 0.001), black race [odds ratio (OR): 14.2; 95% CI: 8.53, 23.5], wintertime study visit (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 2.29, 5.50), and total daily vitamin D intake 200 IU (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.46) were associated with low vitamin D concentrations. Fat and lean mass were not independently associated with vitamin D status in this healthy-weight sample. Conclusion: Low serum 25(OH)D concentrations are prevalent in otherwise healthy children and adolescents in the northeastern United States and are related to low vitamin D intake, race, and season. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:150–8.
Execution of Temporal Plans with Uncertainty

Simple Temporal Networks (STNs) have proved useful in applications that involve metric time. However, many applications involve events whose timing is uncertain in the sense that it is not controlled by the execution agent. In this paper we consider execution algorithms for temporal networks that include events of uncertain timing. We present two such algorithms. The first retains maximum flexibility, but requires potentially costly updates during execution. The second surrenders some flexibility in order to obtain a fast execution comparable to that available for ordinary STNs.
Topic : The Role of Inflammation in Cerebral Aneurysm

Cerebral aneurysm formation, growth and rupture are thought to be the result of a complex interaction between cerebrovascular hemodynamics and pathobiology. Recently, new evidence has emerged regarding the role of inflammation in the walls of cerebral aneurysms. Noninvasive methods to characterize the degree of inflammation in aneurysms could enable clinicians to estimate the risk of future aneurysm growth and rupture, influencing treatment. This review examines emerging techniques of imaging inflammatory biomarkers in cerebral aneurysms.
Towards the Enterprises Information Infrastructure Based on Components and Agents

Information infrastructure as the mean to bring together software applications within the enterprise is the key component to enable cooperation, information and knowledge exchange in an open distributed environment. In this paper, a survey of component and agent paradigms for the integration of virtual enterprises is presented analysing advantages and drawbacks of the both technologies. As an example of their integration in the enterprise information infrastructure, a Component Agent Platform (CAP) using DCOM as a particular case of component model for its implementation is described. The interoperability issues of the proposed solution based on interacting services are discussed and directions of the future work are outlined.