Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attaining zero defects within Building Schools for the Future : A realistic target or a Sisyphean task?

Until its demise in July 2010 The Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme represented the biggest single UK government investment in school buildings for more than 50 years. One of the key goals of the investment programme was the desire to ensure that pupils learn in high quantity 21st-century facilities that are designed or redesigned to allow for educational transformation in historically underperforming schools who’s pupils where often enshroud in deprivation and social exclusion. This represents a major challenge to those involved in the delivery of the new or refurbished schools. The paper explores the extent to which schools completed under the umbrella of BSF lived up to the government’s ideology of ‘value for money’ a key parameter of which is the delivery of high quality buildings. Drawing on an embedded case study methodology based around one local authority which completed nine secondary schools under the BSF funding model between 2006 and 2010. The findings portray the many challenges faced by constructors in the pursuit of zero defect construction. Critical to this, the authors argue, is the approach used by stakeholders to define and measure the presence of a ‘defect’. Analysis of quantitative defect data reported in the paper suggests a large number of those defects identified related to mere cosmetic imperfections caused by inter alia the client team moving the school into the new building rather than serious defects caused by poor workmanship on behalf of the constructor. Findings from the research raise important questions about the use of ‘defects’ as a performance measurement for quality within the construction sector.
Di-μ-chlorido-bis[chlorido(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)zinc(II)]

In the crystal structure of the title complex, [Zn2Cl4(C12H8N2)2], each of the two five-coordinated ZnII atoms displays a strongly distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry defined by two N atoms from the chelate ligand and by one terminal and two bridging chloride anions. The crystal structure is stabilized by C—H⋯Cl interactions. There is intermolecular π–π stacking between adjacent phenanthroline ligands, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.151 (3) Å.
Intramacrophagic Mycobacterium avium bacilli are coated by a multiple lamellar structure: freeze fracture analysis of infected mouse liver

We used freeze fracture electron microscopy to study the fine structure of Mycobacterium avium inside phagosomes of murine macrophages. M. avium-susceptible C57BL/6 mice were infected with M. avium by intraperitoneal inoculation of 10(8) viable bacilli. We studied the microanatomy of the mycobacteria in 3-month infections of mice, a situation in which bacillary multiplication is extensive. In these samples, freeze fracture revealed that intraphagosomal bacilli were surrounded by a multilamellar coat that was apposed to the cell wall. In thin sections, in contrast, the area corresponding to the coat showed no substructure and was electron transparent (the so-called electron-transparent zone that has been previously reported by others). The multiple lamellae resembled an onionlike assembly that was inserted in between the mycobacterial wall outer surface and the phagosomal membrane. Each lamella of the M. avium coat was made up of parallel straight fibrils with a width of 5 nm. A variable number of lamellae, sometimes up to 10 or more elements, coated individual bacilli. The multilamellar coat was absent around both extracellular M. avium and intramacrophagic M. avium after short-term (45-min) inoculation of mice. The supramolecular organization of the M. avium lamellar coat as viewed here by freeze fracture is similar to that of purified mycoside C (P. Draper, J. Gen. Microbiol. 83:431-433, 1974; K.-S. Kim, M.R.J. Salton, and L. Barksdale, J. Bacteriol. 125:739-743, 1976), a mycobacterial component currently known as glycopeptidolipid (W.W. Barrow and P.J. Brennan, J. Bacteriol. 150:381-384, 1982). We conclude that M. avium bacilli growing in macrophages are surrounded by multilamellar capsulelike structures that contain glycopeptidolipid molecules.
Towards cardiac C-arm computed tomography

Cardiac interventional procedures would benefit tremendously from sophisticated three-dimensional image guidance. Such procedures are typically performed with C-arm angiography systems, and tomographic imaging is currently available only by using preprocedural computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Recent developments in C-arm CT (Angiographic CT) allow three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of low contrast details with angiography imaging systems for noncardiac applications. We propose a new approach for cardiac imaging that takes advantage of this improved contrast resolution and is based on intravenous contrast injection. The method is an analogue to multisegment reconstruction in cardiac CT adapted to the much slower rotational speed of C-arm CT. Motion of the heart is considered in the reconstruction process by retrospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-gating, using only projections acquired at a similar heart phase. A series of N almost identical rotational acquisitions is performed at different heart phases to obtain a complete data set at a minimum temporal resolution of 1/N of the heart cycle time. First results in simulation, using an experimental phantom, and in preclinical in vivo studies showed that excellent image quality can be achieved
Polyclonal anti‐T‐cell globulin as part of the preparative regimen for pediatric allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation

Abstract: To prevent graft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic stem‐cell transplantation (ASCT), 56 children were given polyclonal anti‐T‐cell globulin (ATG) as part of the conditioning regimen. Of the 56 children in the cohort, 27 had a non‐malignant disease and 29 had different hematological malignancies. Eight were in first remission of leukemia and the remainder in later stages. Donors were in 16 cases a human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐identical sibling and in 40 a matched unrelated donor (MUD). The control group comprised 16 patients with an HLA‐identical donor; the children in this group were not treated with ATG. Side‐effects related to the ATG treatment occured in 63% of the patients and included fever, chills, headache, dyspnoea, nausea/vomiting, body pain, fall in blood pressure, and transient respiratory arrest. Engraftment occured in 55 (98%) of the ATG‐treated patients at a median of 17 (11–27) days after ASCT. One rejection occured at 23 days post‐SCT. The probabilities of acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) of grades II–IV were 6% for patients with an HLA‐identical donor, 12% for controls, and 26% for the MUD group. Chronic GvHD occured in 20%, 50%, and 50% of patients in the three groups, respectively. Transplant‐related mortality rates at 100 days were 6%, 6%, and 7%, respectively. The 5‐yr survival rate was 94% and 81% using sibling donors, with and without ATG respectively, and 53% using unrelated donors (p = 0.002). Disregarding donor type, among the ATG‐treated patients 5‐yr survival rates were 46% in patients with a malignant disease and 77% in non‐malignant disorders. Relapse and relapse‐free survival rates were 42% and 46%, respectively. Five out of 12 patients who showed an early full donor chimerism in the T‐cell lineage developed acute GvHD of grades II–IV, compared to none out of 13 patients being mixed chimeras (p = 0.01). Hence, the use of polyclonal ATG as part of conditioning prior to ASCT in children is safe and the survival rate encouraging.
Does Gaze Reveal the Human Likeness of an Android?

The development of androids that closely resemble human beings enables as to investigate many phenomena related to human interaction that could not otherwise be investigated with mechanical-looking robots. This is because more humanlike devices are in a better position to elicit the kinds of responses that people direct toward each other. In particular, we cannot ignore the role of appearance in giving us a subjective impression of human presence or intelligence. However, this impression is influenced by behavior and the complex relationship between appearance and behavior. We propose a hypothesis about how appearance and behavior are related and map out a plan for android research to investigate the hypothesis. We then examine a study that evaluates the behavior of androids according to the patterns of gaze fixations they elicit. Studies such as these, which integrate the development of androids with the investigation of human behavior, constitute a new research area that fuses engineering and science
IL-5-Induced Hypereosinophilia Suppresses the Antigen-Induced Immune Response via a TGF-β-Dependent Mechanism1

Although eosinophils play an essential role in allergic inflammation, their role has recently been under controversy. Epidemic studies suggest that hypereosinophilia induced by parasite infection could suppress subsequent Ag sensitization, although the mechanism has not been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated whether eosinophils could suppress the Ag-specific immune response in the airway. BALB/c mice were sensitized and airway challenged with OVA. Systemic hypereosinophilia was induced by delivery of an IL-5-producing plasmid. IL-5 gene delivery suppressed the Ag-specific proliferation and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells in the spleen. IL-5 gene delivery before OVA sensitization significantly suppressed airway eosinophilia and hyperresponsiveness provoked by subsequent OVA airway challenge, while delivery during the OVA challenge did not suppress them. This IL-5-induced immune suppression was abolished in eosinophil-ablated mice, suggesting an essential role of eosinophils. IL-5 treatment increased the production of TGF-β1 in the spleen, and we demonstrated that the main cellular source of TGF-β1 production was eosinophils, using eosinophil-ablated mice and depletion study. TGF-β1, but not IL-5 itself, suppressed the Ag-specific immune response of CD4+ T cells in vitro. Furthermore, IL-5 treatment enhanced phosphorylation of Smad2 in CD4+ T cells. Finally, a TGF-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor restored this IL-5-induced immune suppression both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that IL-5-induced hypereosinophilia could suppress sensitization to Ag via a TGF-β-dependent mechanism, thus suppressed allergic airway inflammation. Therefore, hypereosinophilia could reveal an immunosuppressive effect in the early stage of Ag-induced immune response.
América Latina: productividad total de los factores y su descomposición

En este articulo se examinan la productividad total de los factores (ptf) y su descomposicion en America Latina durante el periodo 1960-2010. El modelo de frontera estocastica utilizado incluye variables macroeconomicas de ineficiencia tecnica relativas a una seleccion de paises de America Latina en los 50 anos de referencia. En general, se observa que esas variables tienen un efecto significativo, que se constata mediante la prueba de la razon de verosimilitud, y permiten una mejor comprension de la ineficiencia tecnica en toda la region. Las variables mas importantes en la explicacion de la ineficiencia tecnica de los paises, es decir, aquellas que presentan una relacion positiva con la ineficiencia, son el gasto publico y la tasa de inflacion. Por otra parte, la relacion entre la desviacion de los precios locales con respecto a la paridad del poder adquisitivo y la ineficiencia tecnica es de caracter inverso.
Investigation of risk factors for development of human hydatidosis among households raising livestock in Tibetan areas of western Sichuan province.

OBJECTIVE To identify factors influencing the development of hydatidosis in Tibetan areas of western Sichuan. METHODS A questionnaire investigation was carried out to collect data on factors related to hydatidosis among households raising livestock. RESULTS Analyses of data revealed that dogs rather than foxes were the most important source of AE transmission. People below 19 years old tended to suffering from CE rather than AE and people 19-38 years old, especially the females, were under an increasing risk of suffering from AE (female vs. male, OR = 2.438, CI = 1.317-4.514, P < 0.05). Increased risks of both AE and CE prevalence associated with nomadic life, aging, playing with dogs, not protecting food from flies, and raising yaks or sheep. CONCLUSION In addition to age, sex, environmental conditions and hygienic behaviors, raising yaks or sheep and playing with dogs also increase the risk of suffering from hydatidosis as well in this area.
Defining and Implementing Performance-Based Logistics in Government

Abstract : Performance-Based Logistics (PBL) is a mechanism to integrate the acquisition and sustainment of various systems in the Department of Defense. In this article, we report the results of a research study aimed at developing a working definition of PBL, the drivers for its use, and the infrastructure changes needed for its successful deployment. Utilizing our research findings and those of previous related studies, we suggest guidelines for successfully implementing PBL in organizations. We conclude the article by suggesting some useful directions for future research to fully realize the benefits of PBL.
Radio‐frequency energy harvesting potential: a stochastic analysis

This paper considers the energy harvesting potential from ambient electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency (RF) communications spectrum. Because of chaotic positioning nature of cells, handsets and hotspots, the analysis employs stochastic geometry theory to derive the mean and probability distribution of the received RF radiation energy available for harvesting. The mean and density function of energy harvested, as a function of transmitter deployment density, spectrum and pathloss characteristics are given. The novel benefit is that the derived expressions serve as a design guideline for RF harvesting solutions. For a given power harvesting and reliability requirement, the expressions in this paper can yield insight into which set and how many RF spectrum bands to harvest. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined alpha tumor necrosis factor gene therapy and engineered dendritic cell vaccine in combating well‐established tumors

Although current immunotherapeutic strategies including adenovirus (AdV)‐mediated gene therapy and dendritic cell (DC) vaccine can all stimulate antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CLT) responses, their therapeutic efficiency has still been limited to generation of prophylactic antitumor immunity against re‐challenge with the parental tumor cells or growth inhibition of small tumors in vivo. However, it is the well‐established tumors in animal models that mimic clinical patients with existing tumor burdens. Alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) is a multifunctional and immunoregulatory cytokine that induces antitumor activity and activates immune cells such as DCs and T cells. We hypothesized that a combined immunotherapy including gene therapy and DC vaccine would have some advantages over each modality administered as a monotherapy.
The application of a notice-event model to improve classical exposure-annoyance estimation

Sound perception of humans is determined by a variety of factors such as intensity, frequency, temporal structure, masking and localization. Furthermore, a wide range of non-acoustical factors determine whether certain sounds are perceived as annoying. However, classical exposure-response determination for the assessment of annoyance and health effects is based on average sound levels - sometimes with applied penalties for evening and night noise (Lden). A research collaboration between Ghent University and the Medical University Innsbruck focuses on the improvement of exposure-annoyance modeling by including characteristics of the temporal structure and the attention of the involved human subjects. The basis for this work is the developed “notice-event-model” (De Coensel B et al. 2009). Intensive traffic modeling as input for extended individual noise mapping per dwelling allows to test the additional impact by the inclusion of derived acoustical indicators of the temporal pattern (Fluctuation, emergence.
Hepatocyte Transplants Improve Liver Function and Encephalopathy in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Rats with portacaval shunt (PCS) are useful experimental models of human hepatic encephalopathy in chronic liver dysfunction. We have previously shown that PCS modifies amine neurotransmitter systems in the CNS and increases voluntary alcohol intake by rats. Hepatocyte transplantation, used in acute liver failure, has recently also been applied to chronic liver diseases, which prompted us to investigate whether the altered brain amine system and the drinking behavior in long‐term shunted rats could be normalized by hepatocyte transplants.
Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem.

Practical application of the generalized Bells theorem in the so-called key distribution process in cryptography is reported. The proposed scheme is based on the Bohms version of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen gedanken experiment and Bells theorem is used to test for eavesdropping. © 1991 The American Physical Society.
Plant Disease Forecasting System Based on Datacollection

China is one of the countries in the world that suffer serious natural disasters. Frequent and serious biological disasters cause great damage to crop production. The plant disease data of multiform could be analyzed and then a forecasting report was made.This article according to characteristic of the plant disease, introduced forecasts system's design and key technologies realization based on data mining's plant disease system. The data mining function may divide into two kinds: Description and forecast. The data mining is a kind of deep level data analysis, it can extract from the mass data has certain rule knowledge, the deep level's development may further enhance the information resource the use value, the localized data through the data management module data input warehouse, according to the description, the knowledge excavation, finally achieves the forecast the effect. The system collection data management, the report form manufacture and the forecast in windows system. Keywords-data mining; Data warehouse; Plant disease; Forecasting
A New solution to Estimate the available Bandwidth in MANETs

Mobile ad hoc network - MANET is expected to play an important role in the future mobile communication. But multi hops data communication in MANET suffers severe low speed due to the dynamic nature of MANET and the competition for shared wireless resources between mobile nodes. To tackle this problem, efficient bandwidth estimation plays an important role. In this paper a new and efficient solution for available bandwidth estimation on MANET is proposed. In this solution, the destination node sends the probe packets to the source node so that the source node could estimate the available bandwidth between them. Doing so reduces the number of probe packets to half. A new formula for available bandwidth estimation of 802.11 ad hoc network is also presented. The simulation results show that the proposed solution could estimate the available bandwidth very efficiently and accurately. It also shows that when the proposed solution is applied to the load balancing in MANET, connection's throughput is increased significantly, in both cases of using proactive and reactive routing protocol
The Art of Finding Accurate Memristor Model Solutions

One of the main issues preventing a large-scale exploration of the full potential of memristors in electrical circuits lies in the convergence issues and numerical errors encountered in the computer-aided integration of the differential algebraic equation set governing the peculiar dynamical behavior of these nonlinear two-terminal electrical components. In most cases the complexity of this equation set prevents an analytical derivation of closed-form state solutions. Therefore the investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of memristors and circuits based upon them relies on software-based integration of the mathematical equations. In this paper, we highlight solution accuracy issues which may arise from an improper numerical integration of the equations, and then propose techniques addressing the problems properly. These guidelines represent a useful guide to engineers interested in the numerical analysis of memristor models.
Les différentes réponses de l’État français aux dérives des groupes sectaires

Les differentes reponses de l’Etat francais aux derives des groupes sectaires sont decrites dans le present article suivant une approche a la fois historique et descriptive. En suivant une analyse chronologique, l’evolution de l’approche francaise est presentee et commentee a l’aide d’une analyse des lois francaises auxquelles les magistrats ont deja eu recours contre certains agissements sectaires, comme de celles susceptibles d’etre utilisees a leur encontre. Cet expose entend ainsi mettre en evidence les moyens d’action offerts par le droit francais et l’utilisation qui en est reellement faite. Enfin, les modulations de la reponse francaise sont presentees et commentees.
A 16-Mb Toggle MRAM With Burst Modes

This paper describes a recently developed 16-Mb toggle magnetic random access memory (MRAM). It has 100-MHz burst modes that are compatible with a pseudo-SRAM even though the toggle cell requires reading and comparing sequences in write modes. To accelerate operating clock frequency, we propose a distributed-driver wide-swing current-mirror scheme, an interleaved and pipelined memory-array group activation scheme, and a noise-insulation switch scheme. These circuit schemes compensate the toggle cell timing overhead in write modes and maintain write-current precision that is essential for the wide operational margin of MRAMs. Because toggle cells are very resistant to write disturbance errors, we designed the 16-Mb MRAM to include a toggle MRAM cell. The MRAM was fabricated with 0.13-mum CMOS and 0.24-mum MRAM processes with five metal layers.
Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis in bambara groundnut.

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. ) is an indigenous underutilized legume that has the potential to improve food security in semi-arid Africa. So far, there are a lack of reports of controlled breeding populations that could be used for variety development and genetic studies. We report here the construction of the first genetic linkage map of bambara groundnut using a F3 population derived from a "narrow" cross between two domesticated landraces (Tiga Nicuru and DipC) with marked divergence in phenotypic traits. The map consists of 238 DArT array and SSR based markers in 21 linkage groups with a total genetic distance of 608.3 cM. In addition, phenotypic traits were evaluated for a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis over two generations. A total of 36 significant QTLs were detected for 19 traits. The phenotypic effect explained by a single QTL ranged from 11.6% to 49.9%. Two stable QTLs were mapped for internode length and growth habit. The identified QTLs could be useful for marker-assisted selection in bambara groundnut breeding programmes.