Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recruitment of Atg9 to the preautophagosomal structure by Atg11 is essential for selective autophagy in budding yeast

Autophagy is a conserved degradative pathway that is induced in response to various stress and developmental conditions in eukaryotic cells. It allows the elimination of cytosolic proteins and organelles in the lysosome/vacuole. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the integral membrane protein Atg9 (autophagy-related protein 9) cycles between mitochondria and the preautophagosomal structure (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle, suggesting a role in supplying membrane for vesicle formation and/or expansion during autophagy. To better understand the mechanisms involved in Atg9 cycling, we performed a yeast two-hybrid–based screen and identified a peripheral membrane protein, Atg11, that interacts with Atg9. We show that Atg11 governs Atg9 cycling through the PAS during specific autophagy. We also demonstrate that the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is essential for correct targeting of Atg11 to the PAS. We propose that a pool of Atg11 mediates the anterograde transport of Atg9 to the PAS that is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton during yeast vegetative growth.
Factors Influencing Patient Disclosure to Physicians in Birth Control Clinics: An Application of the Communication Privacy Management Theory

The focus of the current study is whether, and why, female patients limit or alter their personal histories when discussing sensitive subject matter with their physician in birth control clinics. Fifty-six female patients (M = 21.6 years, SD = 3.05) completed anonymous questionnaires exploring their comfort with and ability to disclose personal histories in the immediately preceding interview with the physician. The present study used communication privacy management (CPM) as the theoretical lens through which to view the interaction. Approximately one-half of the sample (46%) reported limiting or altering information. Patients with a highly permeable privacy orientation, as evidenced by a history of open communication regarding sexual issues, were those who reported fully disclosing to their physicians. Of the physician characteristics considered to map onto patient privacy rules, the physician's gender, hurriedness, friendliness, use of a first-name introduction, and open-ended questions were significantly related to patients' reported ease in fully disclosing personal information (p < .05). This study presents a novel application of CPM and has implications for training medical students and for parent–child communication regarding sexual issues.
Peeled mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. Possible stimulation of Ca2+ release via a transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum mechanism

Single muscle fibers from rabbit soleus and adductor magnus and from semitendinosus muscles were peeled to remove the sarcolemma and then stimulated to release Ca2+ by (a) caffeine application or (b) ionic depolarization accomplished via substitution of choline chloride for potassium propionate at constant [K+] X [Cl-] in the bathing solution. Each stimulus, ionic or caffeine, elicited an isometric tension transient that appeared to be due to Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The peak magnitude of the ionic (Cl- - induced) tension transient increased with increasing Cl- concentration. The application of ouabain to fibers after peeling had no effect on either type of tension transient. However, soaking the fibers in a ouabain solution before peeling blocked the Cl- -induced but not the caffeine-induced tension transient, which suggests that ouabain's site of action is extracellular, perhaps inside transverse tubules (TTs). Treating the peeled fibers with saponin, which should disrupt TTs to a greater extent than SR membrane, greatly reduced or eliminated the Cl- - induced tension transient without significantly altering the caffeine- induced tension transient. These results suggest that the Cl- -induced tension transient is elicited via stimulation of sealed, polarized TTs rather than via ionic depolarization of the SR.
Correntropy Maximization via ADMM: Application to Robust Hyperspectral Unmixing

In hyperspectral images, some spectral bands suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio due to noisy acquisition and atmospheric effects, thus requiring robust techniques for the unmixing problem. This paper presents a robust supervised spectral unmixing approach for hyperspectral images. The robustness is achieved by writing the unmixing problem as the maximization of the correntropy criterion subject to the most commonly used constraints. Two unmixing problems are derived: the first problem considers the fully constrained unmixing, with both the nonnegativity and sum-to-one constraints, while the second one deals with the nonnegativity and the sparsity promoting of the abundances. The corresponding optimization problems are solved using an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach. Experiments on synthetic and real hyperspectral images validate the performance of the proposed algorithms for different scenarios, demonstrating that the correntropy-based unmixing with ADMM is particularly robust against highly noisy outlier bands.
Precoding optimization for Interference Cancellation in multiuser relay networks for LTE-advanced

We propose interference cancellation in multiuser relay network with improved Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relay protocols. We use Dirty Paper Coding (DPC) and Thomilson Harashima Precoding (THP) for the Precoding schemes allied with detection techniques as Zero Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) and Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and Ordered Successive Interference Cancellation (OSIC). Simulation Results proves that observe that the proposed schemes shows the best performance.
Balanced energy for content-aware image resizing

This paper presents an image resizing method called balanced seam carving (BSC). First, we propose a new energy map to take into account both the edge energy and the visual saliency during resizing. Second, based on analyzing the drawbacks of previous forward energy function, we propose a novel energy criterion to evaluate the diagonal artifacts in addition to the previous horizontal and vertical artifacts. We implement this new criterion using the dynamic programming and the graph cut methods. The experiments demonstrate that our BSC method can improve the visual quality of the retargeted image and the robustness of the seam carving method. Moreover, the improved method is simple to implement, and can be easily applied to many existing seam carving based image resizing methods.
Case Mining from Raw Data for Case Library Construction

Case-based reasoning systems usually use prior experiences and examples to solve problems. The successfulness of the systems depends on the completeness of case library. It may generate contradictory solutions or increase adaptation cost if the case library contains irrelevant and disordered cases. This work proposes a case mining system to extract representative cases from raw data. The system constructs a case library by feature mining and case mining. Feature mining evaluates relevance between feature and class by fuzzy measurement. The system then uses relevant features to divide raw data into different clusters. Case mining selects cases from each cluster by genetic algorithm. Finally, the system verifies completeness of case library by covering test and utilization statistics. The experimental results show that the system can select representative cases from the data correctly.
Power and Variability Improvement of an Asynchronous Router Using Stacking and Dual-Vth Approaches

Below 45nm technology, process variation causes the occurrence of unpredictable characteristics in fabricated transistors. In this paper, a platform has been developed to examine Die-to-Die process and environment variations impacts on power and delay of network-on-chip routers. As a benchmark an asynchronous router will be considered. To reduce power, Power Delay Product (PDP) and variability of this router, three approaches, namely Suitable Sizing, Stacking and Dual-Vth are proposed. By using Suitable Sizing and applying Stacking approaches on input ports of a particular router configuration, power and PDP are reduced by 41.37% and 39.31%, respectively, for 3.63% delay increase only. Simultaneous use of Dual-Vth and Suitable Sizing approaches in one of the router configurations causes the reduction of power and PDP by 27.74% and 26.54%, respectively, for a delay overhead of 1.74%. Our proposed approaches reduce the router variability to some parameters variation such as Vdd, Vth, and PMOS and NMOS transistors length.
Stabilized precoder for indoor radio communications

A low complexity, stabilized precoder for broadband indoor radio is presented, which uses radial root reduction for stability, and so avoids the use of a module operator. Simulations show that the stabilized precoder has comparable performance to Tomlinson-Harashima (1971) precoding with perfect automatic gain control (AGC), and is immune to AGC fluctuations which degrade the performance of TH precoding.
Augmented Lagrangian complex wave field reconstruction from intensity-only data

A new recursive augmented Lagrangian (AL) algorithm is presented for reconstruction of a 3D wave field for intensity-only measurements obtained from two or more sensor planes parallel to the object plane. This reconstruction is framed as a maximum likelihood constrained nonlinear optimization problem for Gaussian additive noise observations. A contribution of this paper concerns a development of a novel recursive algorithm and demonstration that this algorithm enables a better accuracy and better imaging comparing with the successive iterative method
The Sentiment of the Fed

Sentiment analysis is applied to the Federal Reserve's documents relating to the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). A new method of rating the sentiment of texts is developed through the creation of a 100 000 word sentiment dictionary, and is used to estimate the sentiment of the Beige Book and FOMC statements and minutes. Results show that, under Greenspan’s tenure, the sentiment of the Beige Book anticipated the sentiment of the FOMC minutes while, during the Bernanke era, the sentiment of the Beige Book anticipates the sentiment of the FOMC statement. This finding suggests that the Beige Book, usually made public three weeks before a FOMC meeting, may contain information useful in anticipating policy decisions.
Readiness Discharge for Spontaneous Initiation of Walking in Crayfish

Animals initiate behavior not only reflexively but also spontaneously in the absence of external stimuli. In vertebrates, electrophysiological data on the neuronal activity associated with the self-initiated voluntary behavior have accumulated extensively. In invertebrates, however, little is known about the neuronal basis of the spontaneous initiation of behavior. We investigated the spike activity of brain neurons at the time of spontaneous initiation of walking in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii and found neuronal signals indicative of readiness or preparatory activities in the vertebrate brain that precede the onset of voluntary actions. Those readiness discharge neurons became active >1 s before the initiation of walking regardless of stepping direction. They remained inactive at the onset of mechanical stimulus-evoked walking in which other descending units were recruited. These results suggest that the parallel descending mechanisms from the brain separately subserve the spontaneous and stimulus-evoked walking. Electrical stimulation of these different classes of neurons caused different types of walking. In addition, we found other descending units that represented different aspects of walking, including those units that showed a sustained activity increase throughout the walking bout depending on its stepping direction, as well as one veto unit for canceling out the output effect of the readiness discharge and three termination units for stopping the walking behavior. These findings suggest that the descending activities are modularized in parallel for spontaneous initiation, continuation, and termination of walking, constituting a sequentially hierarchical control.
An optimization approach to energy-efficient transmissions with strict deadlines

We develop a novel approach to energy-efficient transmissions with arbitrary packet arrival process and strict delay constraints. It is shown that this seemingly difficult problem can be formulated as a convex optimization program. Relying on the specific structure of the optimality conditions, we put forth an efficient algorithm to find the optimal rate control policy.
. Experiment 1 Methodology 1.1 Instruction

We used computer generated pictures of fish (Sigala et al., 2002) with 7 binary (zero or one) features that we varied systematically, plus random features. We created two categories — AILFISH (A) and LIMFISH (L) — and seven levels of difficulty. For the easiest level, all 7 features co-varied (all had value 1 for AILFISH and 0 for LIMFISH), and to increase difficulty we decreased the number of co-varying features by making more of the features irrelevant till at the hardest level, only one of the seven features was relevant(i.e., co-varied with category membership). Base on the literature review, CP can occurs when subjects solve the tasks of discriminations and identifications (Harnad, 1987). Also with stronger CP, the three-level representational framework can be applied with less limitation (Harnad, 1987). Based on this theory and the typical paradigm suggested by Harnad in 1987, this experiment may show infinite unfamiliar patterns to subjects. Then, they select the degree of similarity and discrimination of stimuli in one pair before and after category learning. Also, computers record subjects' performance such as reaction time and result of every trial when classifying patterns into categories, which are applied to measure the difficult degree. Through this way, the prediction is that as the difficulty level increased, the number of trials it would take to learn the category would increase, the reaction times may increase, and the proportion of successful learners may decrease. Last and most important, the prediction was that the difference between the similarity ratings before and after learning would show an AA and LL compression effect and AL separation effect, and this effect would grow stronger as the difficulty level became higher, which means AA and LL pairs would look more similar and AL pairs would look more different. In this experiment, the way of independent subjects is considered to be experiment design. We designed seven levels based on different difficult degree: the first level is the easiest one;
A call for order in search space generation process of query optimization

Many search space generation algorithms used by query optimizers focus on efficiently and exhaustively enumerating the set of alternative plans. However, newly emerged systems, such as Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tools, introduce new challenges to the query optimizer. This is because dynamically generated queries are very complex, relatively inexpensive to execute, and they must be optimized at runtime. For such queries the optimization time could be prohibitively expensive relative to their execution time, if traditional join enumeration algorithms are used. Recently, new heuristics for the query optimization have been proposed which provide feasible alternatives to the classical enumeration algorithms by using greedy techniques to efficiently build an execution plan. In this paper we propose a middle ground approach by introducing new techniques for dynamically ordering the search space of the candidate joins generated by conventional enumeration algorithms. Ordering the enumerated joins based on their properties allows effective pruning of the search space, so that the space size becomes adapted to the current characteristics of the optimization process. Any conventional join enumeration algorithms based on enumerating partitions and using memoization for saving access plans can be extended with our proposed ordered-Par technique. We discuss the enumeration algorithms supported in the SQL Anywhere Optimizer. We present experimental results comparing these algorithms with the new ordered-DPhyp algorithm which applies the ordered-Par technique to the DPhyp algorithm previously proposed in the research literature.
Recommendation based on co-similarity and spanning tree with minimum weight

Recommender system is a system that helps users find interesting items. Actually, collaborative filtering technology is one of the most successful techniques in recommender system. In this article we propose a new approach based on the rating of the users that is similar to the active one. In the literature, we find a lot of approaches able to recommend items to the user. Aiming to offer a list of interesting items, we use a hybrid approach of collaborative filtering that performs better than others. Our collaborative filtering approach is based on the graph theory, so we use the dissimilarity matrix as a spanning tree with minimum weight based on Kruskal algorithm. We define a group of criteria that help to determine the best items to recommend without computing the rating prediction.
Post-hoc probing of significant moderational and mediational effects in studies of pediatric populations.

OBJECTIVE To provide examples of post-hoc probing of significant moderator and mediator effects in research on children with pediatric conditions. METHODS To demonstrate post-hoc probing of moderational effects, significant two-way interaction effects (dichotomous variable x continuous variable; continuous variable x continuous variable) were probed with regressions that included conditional moderator variables. Regression lines were plotted based on the resulting regression equations that included simple slopes and y-intercepts. To demonstrate probing of mediational effects, the significance of the indirect effect was tested (i.e., the drop in the total predictor --> outcome effect when the mediator is included in the model), using Sobel's (1988) equation for computing the standard error of the indirect effect. RESULTS All significant moderator and mediator effects are presented in figure form. CONCLUSIONS The computational examples demonstrate the importance of conducting post-hoc probes of moderational and mediational effects.
The MEKK1 PHD ubiquitinates TAB1 to activate MAPKs in response to cytokines

Unlike the other MAP3Ks, MEKK1 (encoded by Map3k1) contains a PHD motif. To understand the role of this motif, we have created a knockin mutant of mouse Map3k1 (Map3k1mPHD) with an inactive PHD motif. Map3k1mPHD ES cells demonstrate that the MEKK1 PHD controls p38 and JNK activation during TGF‐β, EGF and microtubule disruption signalling, but does not affect MAPK responses to hyperosmotic stress. Protein microarray profiling identified the adaptor TAB1 as a PHD substrate, and TGF‐β‐ or EGF‐stimulated Map3k1mPHD ES cells exhibit defective non‐canonical ubiquitination of MEKK1 and TAB1. The MEKK1 PHD binds and mediates the transfer of Lys63‐linked poly‐Ub, using the conjugating enzyme UBE2N, onto TAB1 to regulate TAK1 and MAPK activation by TGF‐β and EGF. Both the MEKK1 PHD and TAB1 are critical for ES‐cell differentiation and tumourigenesis. Map3k1mPHD/+ mice exhibit aberrant cardiac tissue, B‐cell development, testis and T‐cell signalling.
Metaphor mining in historical german novels: An unsupervised learning approach

This paper describes a work-in-progress to identify and categorize metaphorical language use in a large corpus of historical German novels. An unsupervised learning method is utilized to detect metaphorical expressions and underlying conceptual metaphors. Furthermore, an extension is proposed that allows for the analysis of diachronic developments of modeled metaphor types. A corpus ranging from the 16th to the 20th century serves to illustrate the challenges of this approach as well as its potential, not only as a tool for the analysis of stylistic variation, but also as a glimpse into the conceptual world views embedded in the texts under examination.
Why are the majority of hereditary cases of early-onset breast cancer sporadic? A simulation study.

Population-based studies, including those of Ashkenazi Jews, have observed that at least 50% of women with early-onset breast cancer who carry a germ line mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 do not report a family history of the disease. That is, the majority of "hereditary" cases are "sporadic. " Furthermore, the great majority of "familial breast cancers" are not hereditary. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the probability that a woman with early-onset breast cancer is a mutation carrier, given the number of affected relatives, for a range of plausible values of allele frequency (0.001-0.01), and increased risk in mutation carriers (5-20, equivalent to cumulative risks to age 70 of 25-70%, respectively, for Australian women). Families consisted of a case proband and her mother, sisters, and maternal and paternal grandmothers, and aunts. The numbers of sisters and aunts were generated according to Poisson distributions, and ages were assigned according to a Weibull distribution. The simulated distributions of family history and of the prevalence of mutation carriers among case probands were in general similar to those observed in population-based studies, although there was a suggestion of heterogeneity of breast cancer risk in mutation carriers. As is being observed empirically in population-based samples, a family history of breast cancer was not a strong predictor of mutation status; each affected female relative increased the risk of being a mutation carrier by only 2- to 3-fold. The probability of being a mutation carrier was generally low, except in families with extreme histories of breast cancer.
Agenda Setting Power in Organizations With Overlapping Generations of Players

This paper presents an analysis of the allocation of agenda-setting (or bargaining) power in organizations with overlapping generations of players. Such powers are typically institutionalized within an organization’s structure, and, given the focus of this paper, we identify the former with the latter. Our analysis concerns organizations (such as the US Senate) in which the number of periods each player participates is endogenously determined by his or her past performance. We derive several results and insights concerning (i) optimal organizational structure and (ii) conditions under which the unique, dynamically optimal outcome can be sustained (in equilibrium) in organizations with suboptimal structures. For example, we show that under a broad set of conditions, the optimal organizational structure should involve a seniority system, in which most of the agenda-setting power is allocated to the oldest generation of players.