Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance of AODV, DSDV and DSR protocols in mobile wireless mesh networks

A Mobile Wireless Mesh Network (MWMN) has found its progress and interest in current research. Recently AMWMN has been proposed, which appears to be a promising technology. Owing to the advantages of AMWMN, we analyze the performance of AMWMN with the three protocols Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing, Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) routing and Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). Network Simulator is used for such a simulation analysis. The performance is compared using parameters like Packet Delivery Ratio, Packet Loss Ratio and Delay. We rate the protocols to find the protocol that suits best for routing in AMWMN.
The Synthetic Peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-d-Met Is a Potent Chemotactic Agonist for Mouse Formyl Peptide Receptor1

Formyl peptides are potent neutrophil chemoattractants. In humans and rabbits, the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) binds N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) with high affinity (Kd ≈ 1 nM). The mouse FPR (mFPR) is a low-affinity receptor for fMLF (Kd ≈ 100 nM); therefore, other agonists for this receptor may exist. Using mFPR-transfected rat basophilic leukemia cells, we found that a recently identified synthetic peptide Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-d-Met (WKYMVm) is a potent agonist for mFPR. WKYMVm induced calcium mobilization with an EC50 of 1.2–1.5 nM. Optimal chemotaxis was achieved with 1 nM of WKYMVm, but it required 100 nM of fMLF. WKYMVm stimulated rapid and potent phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 when used at 50 nM. Pertussis toxin only partially blocked calcium mobilization and production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the stimulated mFPR cells, suggesting the possibility that this receptor couples to Gα proteins other than Gi and Go. Competitive binding and desensitization data suggest that both peptides interact with the same receptor but may use nonoverlapping binding sites because WKYMVm was unable to effectively displace [3H]fMLF bound to mFPR. These results provide evidence for the presence of an alternative potent agonist for mFPR, and suggest a potential usage of WKYMVm for probing the ligand-receptor interactions with the murine formyl peptide receptor homologs.
Relation between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular outcomes after myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND The presence of coexisting conditions has a substantial effect on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction. Renal failure is associated with one of the highest risks, but the influence of milder degrees of renal impairment is less well defined. METHODS As part of the Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (VALIANT), we identified 14,527 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by clinical or radiologic signs of heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both, and a documented serum creatinine measurement. Patients were randomly assigned to receive captopril, valsartan, or both. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by means of the four-component Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, and the patients were grouped according to their estimated GFR. We used a 70-candidate variable model to adjust and compare overall mortality and composite cardiovascular events among four GFR groups. RESULTS The distribution of estimated GFR was wide and normally shaped, with a mean (+/-SD) value of 70+/-21 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area. The prevalence of coexisting risk factors, prior cardiovascular disease, and a Killip class of more than I was greatest among patients with a reduced estimated GFR (less than 45.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), and the use of aspirin, beta-blockers, statins, or coronary-revascularization procedures was lowest in this group. The risk of death or the composite end point of death from cardiovascular causes, reinfarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, or resuscitation after cardiac arrest increased with declining estimated GFRs. Although the rate of renal events increased with declining estimated GFRs, the adverse outcomes were predominantly cardiovascular. Below 81.0 ml per minute per 1.73 m2, each reduction of the estimated GFR by 10 units was associated with a hazard ratio for death and nonfatal cardiovascular outcomes of 1.10 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.12), which was independent of the treatment assignment. CONCLUSIONS Even mild renal disease, as assessed by the estimated GFR, should be considered a major risk factor for cardiovascular complications after a myocardial infarction.
catena-Poly[[[diaquathulium(III)]-μ-6-carboxynicotinato-μ-pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylato] dihydrate]

The title compound, {[Tm(C7H3NO4)(C7H4NO4)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, is isotypic with the analogous TbIII compound [Li et al. (2009 ▶). Acta Cryst. E65, m410]. All interatomic distances and angles and the hydrogen-bond geometries are very similar for the two structures. The refined Flack parameter of 0.49 (2) suggests inversion twinning.
What should we weigh to estimate heterozygosity, alleles or loci?

The interest to study the effects of inbreeding in natural populations has increased in the last years. Several microsatellite‐derived metrics have recently been developed to infer inbreeding from multilocus heterozygosity data without requiring detailed pedigrees that are difficult to obtain in open populations. Internal relatedness (IR) is currently the most widespread used index and its main attribute is that allele frequency is incorporated into the measure. However, IR underestimates heterozygosity of individuals carrying rare alleles. For example, descendants of immigrants paired with natives (normally more outbred) bearing novel or rare alleles would be considered more homozygous than descendants of native parents. Thus, the analogy between homozygosity and inbreeding that generally is carried out would have no logic in those cases. We propose an alternative index, homozygosity by loci (HL) that avoids such problems by weighing the contribution of each locus to the homozygosity index depending on their allelic variability. Under a wide range of simulated scenarios, we found that our index (HL) correlated better than both IR and uncorrected homozygosity (HO), measured as proportion of homozygous loci) with genome‐wide homozygosity and inbreeding coefficients in open populations. In these populations, which are likely to prevail in nature, the use of HL instead of IR reduced considerably the sample sizes required to achieve a given statistical power. This is likely to have important consequences on the ability to detect heterozygosity fitness correlations assuming the relationship between genome‐wide heterozygosity and fitness traits.
Posterior Stabilization at the Cervicothoracic Junction: A Biomechanical Study

Study Design. This study biomechanically evaluated three fixation devices for stability with posterior two- and three-column injuries. Objectives. To find an effective means of posteriorly stabilizing injuries at the cervicothoracic junction. Summary of Background Data. The cervicothoracic spine is complex anatomically and has been a difficult challenge in approach and stabilization of traumatic and degenerative disorders. Methods. Twenty-one human cadaveric spines (C3–T3) were loaded in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial torsion. A posterior two-column injury was created at C7–T1. One of three posterior fixation systems was applied (two rod–screw systems, one plate–screw system, all with screws at C5, C6 and T1, T2). The spines were tested again. A three-column injury was created by transecting the remaining anterior structures; the spines were tested a final time. Results. In flexion–extension, there were no significant differences in stiffness between intact and instrumented two-column injury specimens for all systems; the instrumented three-column injury was significantly (P < 0.05) less stiff than intact specimens in extension. Ranges of motion and neutral zones decreased from intact to instrumented two-column injuries and increased from intact to three-column constructs. In lateral bending and axial rotation, all systems were stiffer than intact spines for both injuries; ranges of motion and neutral zones were reduced for both injuries compared with intact specimens. Conclusion. All three systems stabilize the cervicothoracic junction with a posterior two-column injury in flexion–extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation; none was adequate for a three-column injury, particularly in extension. A three-column injury at this level would warrant supplemental anterior fixation.
Role of pocket flexibility in the modulation of estrogen receptor alpha by key residue arginine 394

Estradiol derivatives, with similar structures as estradiol (E2) or estradiol metabolites, have been recognized to have detrimental health effects on wildlife and humans. However, data at the molecular level about interactions of these compounds with biological targets are still lacking. Herein, a flexible docking approach was used to characterize the molecular interaction of nine estradiol derivatives with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the ligand‐binding domain. All ligands were docked in the buried hydrophobic cavity of the steroid hormone pocket. In addition, the plasticity of an active site was also identified by reversing amino acid arginine 394 for better ligand‐receptor binding affinity. Finally, bioassays based on genetically modified yeast strains were used to validate the quality of molecular simulation because of their rapidity and high sensitivity. The experimental findings about logarithm values of the median effective concentration (EC50) value had a linear correlation with computational binding affinity from molecular docking, which described a pattern of interaction between estradiol derivatives and ER. The estrogenic activity of all compounds, although more or less lower than E2, was proved to possess high severe environmental risks. Considering the sidechain flexibility in the ligand binding pocket, 17α‐ethylestradiol‐3‐cyclopentylether was reported to correlate highly significantly with known induced fit conformational changes based upon proof‐of‐principle calculations on human ERα with the preservation of a strong salt bridge between glutamic acid 353 and arginine 394. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:330–336. © 2010 SETAC
Fertilizer Using Efficiency of China's Grain Production and Its Determining Factors

The lower fertilizer using efficiency of grain production is a main obstacle to improve grain yield.It not only pushes production cost rising,but also causes seriously agriculture non-point source pollution.In this paper,using stochastic frontier production function,we calculate production technical efficiency and fertilizer using efficiency of wheat,corn and rice in major grain provinces of China from 2006 to 2009.Moreover,we analyze the factors which affect fertilizer using efficiency.The result shows that average fertilizer using efficiencies of wheat,corn and rice are 0.37,0.26 and 0.37. Education level,income level,fertilizer prices,financial support for agriculture and scale of planting are important factors to determining fertilizer using efficiency.
Socioeconomic correlations in communication networks

Keywords:​ Social stratification; Socioeconomic correlations; Mobile communication; The recent availability of large digital datasets gives us the opportunity to quantitatively study the structure and the dynamics of social networks of millions of individuals. However, although these studies consider the temporal, structural, and spatial characters of human interactions they commonly miss one important dimension regarding the economic status of individuals. Economic capacities of people may largely determine their communications and social behaviour thus the emerging structure of the global social­communication network. Studies combining the social network with economic data could help us to better understand spatial, and social segregation, or economic imbalances evolving in the society. Here we consider information about the mobile communications, location, and economic capacities of people. We use a communication dataset recorded by a single mobile phone provider in Mexico, which collects geo­localised mobile phone interactions of 92M people over 2 years [1]. This anonymised dataset is combined with the credit informations of clients of a bank in the same country. The credit data collect the time and amount of bank card purchases and the monthly evolution of incomes, spendings, and debts of 1M clients of the cell phone operator. Using these informations we estimate the economic status of people via their average monthly purchases, income, and debts. Beyond a demographic analysis and correlations between individual economic status indicators we provide empirical evidences about present economic imbalances suggesting not only the distribution of wealth but also the distribution
Subdivision of the Helix-Turn-Helix GntR Family of Bacterial Regulators in the FadR, HutC, MocR, and YtrA Subfamilies*

Haydon and Guest (Haydon, D. J, and Guest, J. R. (1991) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 63, 291–295) first described the helix-turn-helix GntR family of bacterial regulators. They presented them as transcription factors sharing a similar N-terminal DNA-binding (d-b) domain, but they observed near-maximal divergence in the C-terminal effector-binding and oligomerization (E-b/O) domain. To elucidate this C-terminal heterogeneity, structural, phylogenetic, and functional analyses were performed on a family that now comprises about 270 members. Our comparative study first focused on the C-terminal E-b/O domains and next on DNA-binding domains and palindromic operator sequences, has classified the GntR members into four subfamilies that we called FadR, HutC, MocR, and YtrA. Among these subfamilies a degree of similarity of about 55% was observed throughout the entire sequence. Structure/function associations were highlighted although they were not absolutely stringent. The consensus sequences deduced for the DNA-binding domain were slightly different for each subfamily, suggesting that fusion between the D-b and E-b/O domains have occurred separately, with each subfamily having its own D-b domain ancestor. Moreover, the compilation of the known or predicted palindromiccis-acting elements has highlighted different operator sequences according to our subfamily subdivision. The observed C-terminal E-b/O domain heterogeneity was therefore reflected on the DNA-binding domain and on the cis-acting elements, suggesting the existence of a tight link between the three regions involved in the regulating process.
An analysis of dietary fiber and fecal fiber components including pH in rural Africans with colorectal cancer

Background/Aims Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now a major public health problem with heavy morbidity and mortality in rural Africans despite the lingering dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs consumption. Studies have shown that increased intake of dietary fiber which contribute to low fecal pH and also influences the activity of intestinal microbiota, is associated with a lowered risk for CRC. However, whether or not the apparent high dietary fiber consumption by Africans do not longer protects against CRC risk is unknown. This study evaluated dietary fiber intake, fecal fiber components and pH levels in CRC patients. Methods Thirty-five subjects (CRC=21, control=14), mean age 45 years were recruited for the study. A truncated food frequency questionnaire and modified Goering and Van Soest procedures were used. Results We found that all subjects consumed variety of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs. There is slight preponderance in consumption of dietary fiber by the control group than the CRC patients. We also found a significant difference in the mean fecal neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents from the CRC patients compared to the controls (P<0.05). The CRC patients had significantly more fecal pH level than the matched apparently healthy controls (P=0.017). Conclusions The identified differences in the fecal fiber components and stool pH levels between the 2 groups may relate to CRC incidence and mortality in rural Africans. There is crucial need for more hypothesis-driven research with adequate funding on the cumulative preventive role of dietary fiber-rich foodstuffs against colorectal cancer in rural Africans “today. ”
A Multiple Source Framework for the Identification of Activities of Daily Living Based on Mobile Device Data

Most mobile devices include motion, magnetic, acoustic, and location sensors. They allow the implementation of a framework for the recognition of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and its environments, composed by the acquisition, processing, fusion, and classification of data. This study compares different implementations of artificial neural networks, concluding that the obtained results were 85.89% and 100% for the recognition of standard ADL. Additionally, for the identification of standing activities with Deep Neural Networks (DNN) respectively, and 86.50% for the identification of the environments with Feedforward Neural Networks. Numerical results illustrate that the proposed framework can achieve robust performance from the data fusion of off-the-shelf mobile devices.
Characterization of a self-magnetic-pinched diode

Self-magnetic-pinched diode behavior at 1.5-2 MV was diagnosed using a variety of electrical, radiation, and optical diagnostics. Results are compared with predictions of the LSP particle-in-cell code, and shown to be in good agreement. A practical diagnostic of electron incidence angles is demonstrated. A quadrature interferometer is shown to be capable of measuring the time-dependent position of the effective electrode-plasma boundaries. Both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) interferometry show the importance of anode plasma expansion in such diodes with high anode-power concentration. Not only does the anode plasma contribute significantly to gap closure, but there is evidence that anode plasma expansion results in a distortion of the effective anode shape, which can significantly affect the diode performance.
Developing Systems For Improvisation Based On Listening

In this paper we discuss our approach to designing improvising music systems whose intelligence is centered around careful listening, particularly to qualities related to timbre and texture. Our interest lies in systems that can make contextual decisions based on the overall character of the entire sound field, as well as the specific shape and contour created by each player. We describe the paradigm of ”expanded instrument” systems that we in turn build upon, endowing these with the ability to listen, recognize and transform performer’s sound in a contextually relevant fashion. This musical context is defined by our free improvisation trio, which we briefly describe. The different modules of our current system are described, including a new tool for real-time sound analysis and method for sonic texture recognition.
The state sets the rate: the relationship among state-specific college binge drinking, state binge drinking rates, and selected state alcohol control policies.

OBJECTIVES We assessed the relationship between college binge drinking, binge drinking in the general population, and selected alcohol control policies. METHODS We analyzed binge drinking rates from 2 national surveys, the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Binge drinking data were linked to a summary measure of 7 salient alcohol control policies and a rating of resources devoted to law enforcement. RESULTS State-level college and adult binge drinking rates were strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.43; P<.01). Attending college in states with the lowest binge drinking rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.41, 0.97) and presence of more stringent alcohol control policies (adjusted OR=0.57; 95% CI=0.33, 0.97) were independent predictors of student binge drinking, after adjusting for state law enforcement and individual-, college-, and state-level covariates. CONCLUSIONS State of residence is a predictor of binge drinking by college students. State-level alcohol control policies may help reduce binge drinking among college students and in the general population.
Identification of Gene Products Involved in the Oxidative Stress Response of Moraxella catarrhalis

ABSTRACT Moraxella catarrhalis is subjected to oxidative stress from both internal and environmental sources. A previous study (C. D. Pericone, K. Overweg, P. W. Hermans, and J. N. Weiser, Infect. Immun. 68:3990-3997, 2000) indicated that a wild-type strain of M. catarrhalis was very resistant to killing by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The gene encoding OxyR, a LysR family transcriptional regulator, was identified and inactivated in M. catarrhalis strain O35E, resulting in an increase in sensitivity to killing by H2O2 in disk diffusion assays and a concomitant aerobic serial dilution effect. Genes encoding a predicted catalase (KatA) and an alkyl hydroperoxidase (AhpCF) showed dose-dependent upregulation in wild-type cells exposed to H2O2. DNA microarray and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analyses identified M. catarrhalis genes whose expression was affected by oxidative stress in an OxyR-dependent manner. Testing of M. catarrhalis O35E katA and ahpC mutants for their abilities to scavenge exogenous H2O2 showed that the KatA catalase was responsible for most of this activity in the wild-type parent strain. The introduction of the same mutations into M. catarrhalis strain ETSU-4 showed that the growth of a ETSU-4 katA mutant was markedly inhibited by the addition of 50 mM H2O2 but that this mutant could still form a biofilm equivalent to that produced by its wild-type parent strain.
Israel’s MOFET Institute: “Community of Communities” for the Creation and Dissemination of Knowledge of Teacher Education

Abstract The MOFET Institution, which began under the auspices of the Ministry of Education, is Israel’s national center for research and professional development on teacher education. It consists of three communities: (1) the Writing Channel; (2) the Study Channel; and (3) the Research Channel. MOFET additionally has an Academic Committee that assists the aforementioned communities in their deliberations if needed. Although the MOFET Institute deals with multiple and sometimes conflicting agendas (i.e., Ministry of Education, participating teacher education colleges, the institute’s own goals), it remains one of the most unique and powerful ways to nationally address teacher education research and dissemination and the development of teacher educators in the world.