Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Range‐wide analysis of genetic structure in a widespread, highly mobile species (Odocoileus hemionus) reveals the importance of historical biogeography

Highly mobile species that thrive in a wide range of habitats are expected to show little genetic differentiation across their range. A limited but growing number of studies have revealed that patterns of broad‐scale genetic differentiation can and do emerge in vagile, continuously distributed species. However, these patterns are complex and often shaped by both historical and ecological factors. Comprehensive surveys of genetic variation at a broad scale and at high resolution are useful for detecting cryptic spatial genetic structure and for investigating the relative roles of historical and ecological processes in structuring widespread, highly mobile species. In this study, we analysed 10 microsatellite loci from over 1900 samples collected across the full range of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), one of the most widely distributed and abundant of all large mammal species in North America. Through both individual‐ and population‐based analyses, we found evidence for three main genetic lineages, one corresponding to the ‘mule deer’ morphological type and two to the ‘black‐tailed deer’ type. Historical biogeographic events likely are the primary drivers of genetic divergence in this species; boundaries of the three lineages correspond well with predictions based on Pleistocene glacial cycles, and substructure within each lineage demonstrates island vicariance. However, across large geographic areas, including the entire mule deer lineage, we found that genetic variation fit an isolation‐by‐distance pattern rather than discrete clusters. A lack of genetic structure across wide geographic areas of the continental west indicates that ecological processes have not resulted in restrictions to gene flow sufficient for spatial genetic structure to emerge. Our results have important implications for our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms of divergence, as well as for taxonomy, conservation and management.
2-(2-Pyridyl)pyridinium (2,2′-bipyridine-κ2 N,N′)tetrakis(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)bismuthate(III)

The structure of the title compound, (C10H9N2)[Bi(NO3)4(C10H8N2)], consists of 2-(2-pyridyl)pyridinium cations and anions [Bi(NO3)4(C10H8N2)]−. The Bi3+ ion lies on the twofold axis. It is coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from one 2,2′-bipyridine ligand and eight oxygen atoms from four NO3 − anions. The disordered cation is positioned at the inversion centre. The [Bi(NO3)4(C10H8N2)]− anions and 2-(2-pyridyl)pyridinium cations are connected via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains. Moreover, these chains are further linked into a two-dimensional layered structure through π–π stacking interactions between bipyridine ligands along the c axis [centroid–centroid distance = 2.868 (4) Å].
With or without a Hole: Young Infants' Sensitivity for Topological versus Geometric Property

Evidence from adult psychophysics, brain imaging, and honeybee's behaviour has been reported to support the notion that topological properties are the primitives of visual representation (Chen, 1982 Science 218 699–700). Here, we ask how the sensitivity to topological property might originate during development. Specifically, we tested 1.5- to 6-month-old infants' visual sensitivity for topological versus geometric properties with the forced-choice novelty preference technique. A disk and a ring were used in the topologically different condition (experiment 1), while a disk and a triangle were used in the geometrically different condition (experiment 2). Spontaneous preferences for the disk, the ring, and the triangle were measured pairwise using the preferential looking-time technique (experiment 3). The results showed that infants could reliably discriminate stimuli based on topological differences, but failed to do so with geometric differences. Moreover, in the generalisation task, infants showed higher novelty preference for the topologically different figure (the ring). In addition, the results of both experiments cannot be attributed to a spontaneous preference for the ring or for the disk. Further analysis on individual infants' age and performance revealed two distinct developmental trends. Infants seem to be sensitive to topological differences as young as 1.5 months, while their ability to discriminate geometric differences was at chance before 3 months and gradually improved with age. Taken together, our findings suggested an early sensitivity for topological property, at least for the detection of stimuli with or without a hole.
Dual state dual band frequency reconfigurable SIW antenna

A dual band reconfigurable Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) cavity backed slot antenna is presented with dual states. A prototype of the SIW cavity backed slot antenna is fabricated and tested. PIN diodes have been used as a switching device to achieve the re-configurability with dual band operation. The SIW antenna has been tested in the outdoor test range and the measured and simulated characteristics are presented and discussed. The measurement results show good matching with the simulated one.
Applying a Flexible Mining Architecture to Intrusion Detection

Data mining is becoming a pervasive technology in several activities as using historical data to predict the success of a marketing campaign, looking for patterns in financial transactions to discover illegal activities or analyzing genome sequences. In this paper we adopt a reference flexible mining architecture able to discover knowledge in a distributed and heterogeneous environment. In the context of security, the information we are seeking is the knowledge of whether a security breach has been experienced, and if the answer is yes, who is the perpetrator. To this purpose, the guide lines of the service oriented architecture, SOA, and the orchestration model have been considered as a way to realize our proposal of knowledge discovery process to intrusion detection
The Shortest Path Planning for Manoeuvres of UAV

It is important to find the shortest path for manoeuvres of UAV, since the power consumed during manoeuvres is tightly coupled with the length of the flight path. In this paper, an algorithm that can find the shortest path during manoeuvres and improve the performance of UAV to follow waypoints is described. The shortest path for UAV during manoeuvres is derived firstly by the theory of Dubins curve. Secondly, in order to improve the ability of UAV to follow the derived optimal path, a real-time path planning algorithm is designed by transforming the constraints of Dubins curve into a dynamic equation. To demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed path planning algorithm, two numerical examples are presented. The results show that the proposed algorithm is promising to be applied in the path planning for manoeuvres of UAV.
Time-varying exponential stabilization of the attitude of a rigid spacecraft with two controls

Rigid body models with two controls cannot be locally asymptotically stabilized by continuous feedback which are functions of the state only. However, explicit smooth time-varying feedback which locally asymptotically stabilize the attitude of a rigid spacecraft have previously been proposed by the authors (1995). Due to the smoothness of the control law, the stabilization is not exponential and the asymptotical convergence rate to the desired equilibrium is only polynomial in the worst case. Nevertheless, exponential convergence can be obtained by considering time-varying feedback which are only continuous at the equilibrium. This paper proposes explicit feedback control laws of this type.
Vision-based context and height estimation for 3D indoor location

Today's smartphones are powerful devices whose continually increasing processing power and wide array of sensors make them well suited for use as personal navigation devices. In the absence of information from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), the onboard inertial sensors can be used to provide a relative navigation solution. However, these onboard inertial sensors suffer from the effects of different sensor errors which cause the inertial-only solution to deteriorate rapidly. As such, there is a need to constrain the inertial positioning solution when long term navigation is needed. GNSS positions and velocities, and WiFi positions are the most important forms of updates available for the inertial solution. However, updates from these two sources depend on external signals and may not always be available. A rich source of information about the outside world can be obtained using the device's camera. Nearly all devices have at least one camera which has thus far been largely neglected as a navigation aid for these mobile devices. There are many indoor scenarios that require accurate height estimates. Traditionally, barometers have been used to provide height information. However, not all mobile devices that are equipped with inertial sensors are also equipped with a barometer. As nearly all devices are equipped with at least one camera, it is our aim to use information from the camera to aid the inertial-only solution with appropriate height estimates. Different pattern analysis techniques are used to identify the different scenarios. The results are presented for the following common use cases: (1) single floor texting mode, (2) stairs texting mode, (3) single floor calling mode, (4) stairs calling mode, and (5) fidgeting the phone while standing still on a single floor (i.e. “fidgeting”). For each of these use cases, first the context will be determined and then the relevant information will be used to calculate the height accordingly. This work is patent pending.
A Qualitative Study of Parenting and Religiosity/Spirituality in LBGTQ Families

Considerable research has examined reciprocal ties between religiosity/spirituality (R/S) and parenting within families headed by heterosexual married and single parents (Mahoney, 2010). Yet, no systematic studies have explored interlinkages between parenting and R/S within families headed by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) identified parents, despite evidence of the importance of R/S in the lives of LGBTQ people (Herek, Norton, Allen, & Sims, 2010). We asked LGBTQ participants (N = 75) in an online survey to describe how their religious and/or spiritual identity or beliefs influenced their parenting. Three primary themes emerged from analysis of the responses. LGBTQ parents used R/S to (a) teach their children beliefs and values, (b) facilitate spiritual dialogue and critical thinking so that their children could make informed decisions about R/S, and (c) provide a sense of belonging to a community and connections to others and/or a higher power. These findings suggest that, similar to heterosexual parents, LGBTQ parents draw on their religious and spiritual identity, values, and resources to support their children’s R/S development. The findings also highlight the unique motivations and strategies that LGBTQ parents use to facilitate their children’s R/S development within a social context that stigmatizes their family.
Numerical Solution of the Stable, Non-negative Definite Lyapunov Equation

is called the continuous-time Lyapunov equation and is of interest in a number of areas of control theory such as optimal control and stability (Barnett, 1975; Barnett & Storey, 1968). The equation has a unique Hermitian solution, X, if and only if Xt + X~j ^ 0 for all i and j (Barnett, 1975). In particular if every Xt has a negative real part, so that A is stable, and if C is non-negative definite then X is also non-negative definite (Snyders & Zakai, 1970; Givens, 1961; Gantmacher, 1959). In this case, since X is nonnegative definite, it can be factorized as
Systematic Analysis and Prediction of Pupylation Sites in Prokaryotic Proteins

Prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (Pup) is the first identified prokaryotic protein that is functionally analogous to ubiquitin. Recent studies have shed light on the Pup activation and conjugation to target proteins to be a signal for the selective degradation proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). By covalently conjugating the Pup, pupylation functions as a critical post-translational modification (PTM) conserved in actinomycetes. Detecting pupylation sites is crucial and fundamental for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Pup. Yet comparative studies with other PTM suggest that the development of accurate and complete repertories of pupylation is still in its early stages. Unbiased screening for pupylation sites by experimental methods is time consuming and expensive; in silico prediction can provide highly potential candidates and reduce the number of potential candidates that require further in vivo or in vitro confirmation. Here, we present an effective classifier of PupPred for predicting pupylation sites, which shows better performance than existing classifiers. Importantly, this work not only investigates the sequential, structural and evolutionary hallmarks around pupylation sites but also compares the differences of pupylation and ubiquitylation from the environmental, conservative and functional characterization of substrates. These prediction and analysis results may be helpful for further experimental investigation of degradation proteins in prokaryotes. Finally, the PupPred server is available at http://bioinfo.ncu. edu.cn/PupPred.aspx.
Multiphysical modeling and description of a permanent magnet synchronous machine using energetic macroscopic representation for EV/HEV applications

Because it does not participate in the vehicle traction, the thermal energy is not highlighted in the electric and hybrid electric vehicle (EV and HEV) study, especially for electrical components like electric machines and batteries. Nevertheless, the thermal states of these components can have a great impact on the vehicle behaviour, such as safety, performances and autonomy, etc. This impact is more important if the driver turns on the heating system. In order to consider the thermal dimension of the energetic study for EV/HEV applications, a multiphysical modeling and description (for organizing this model with the energetic focus) of each component is required. This paper is focused on the multiphysical (electrical, mechanical and thermal) modeling and description of the electrical machine using EMR.
Solving Modular Model Expansion Tasks

The work we describe here is a part of a research program of developing foundations of declarative solving of search problems. We consider the model expansion task as the task representing the essence of search problems where we are given an instance of a problem and are searching for a solution satisfying certain properties. Such tasks are common in artificial intelligence, formal verification, computational biology. Recently, the model expansion framework was extended to deal with multiple modules. In the current paper, inspired by practical combined solvers, we introduce an algorithm to solve model expansion tasks for modular systems. We show that our algorithm closely corresponds to what is done in practice in different areas such as Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT), Integer Linear Programming (ILP), Answer Set Programming (ASP).
Stock Feature Extraction Using Principal Component Analysis

Reducing the dimensionality of feature vector is the most direct way to solve the problems caused by high feature dimensionalities. This is normally achieved in feature extraction step in data mining or pattern recognition system. The main task of feature extraction is to select or combine the features that preserve most of the information and remove the redundant components in order to improve the efficiency of the subsequent classifiers without degrading their performances. The Principal Component Analysis Technique was used to reduce 19 stock data variables to 9 stock data variable for stock prediction system. The result exhibited PCA’s advantage of quantifying the importance of each dimension for describing the variability of a data set.
Multi-class image segmentation using conditional random fields and global classification

A key aspect of semantic image segmentation is to integrate local and global features for the prediction of local segment labels. We present an approach to multi-class segmentation which combines two methods for this integration: a Conditional Random Field (CRF) which couples to local image features and an image classification method which considers global features. The CRF follows the approach of Reynolds & Murphy (2007) and is based on an unsupervised multi scale pre-segmentation of the image into patches, where patch labels correspond to the random variables of the CRF. The output of the classifier is used to constraint this CRF. We demonstrate and compare the approach on a standard semantic segmentation data set.
Nuclear Import of the Preintegration Complex Is Blocked upon Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Mouse Cells

ABSTRACT Mouse cells do not support human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication because of host range barriers at steps including virus entry, transcription, RNA splicing, polyprotein processing, assembly, and release. The exact mechanisms for the suppression, however, are not completely understood. To elucidate further the barriers against HIV-1 replication in mouse cells, we analyzed the replication of the virus in lymphocytes from human CD4/CXCR4 transgenic mice. Although primary splenocytes and thymocytes allowed the entry and reverse transcription of HIV-1, the integration efficiency of the viral DNA was greatly reduced in these cells relative to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting an additional block(s) before or at the point of host chromosome integration of the viral DNA. Preintegration processes were further analyzed using HIV-1 pseudotyped viruses. The reverse transcription step of HIV-1 pseudotyped with the envelope of murine leukemia virus or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was efficiently supported in both human and mouse cells, but nuclear import of the preintegration complex (PIC) of HIV-1 was blocked in mouse cells. We found that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled HIV-1 integrase, which is known to be important in the nuclear localization of the PIC, could not be imported into the nucleus of mouse cells, in contrast to human cells. On the other hand, GFP-Vpr localized exclusively to the nuclei of both mouse and human cells. These observations suggest that, due to the dysfunction of integrase, the nuclear localization of PIC is suppressed in mouse cells.
Mutation analysis of the RET gene in total intestinal aganglionosis by wave DNA fragment analysis system.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Total intestinal aganglionosis (TIA) extending from the duodenum to the rectum is the most rare form of Hirschprung's disease (HSCR) and usually is fatal. RET is the major gene associated with HSCR, and germline mutations of this gene account for up 50% of familial and up to 15 to 20% of sporadic cases in HSCR. The aim of this study was to investigate DNA variants in the RET gene in TIA patients using the WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis System. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples from 6 patients with TIA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 21 exons of RET was performed using published oligonucleotide primers. Heteroduplexes were followed by the WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis System with the DNASep cartridge. RESULTS WAVE system technology detected 16 variants in the RET gene in the 6 patients with TIA. Three patients had a significant mutation in exon 8, 11, and 15, respectively. Thirteen RET polymorphic variants also were detected in the 6 patients, with L746L variant in exon 13 occurring in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS WAVE system technology is an efficient method for the detection of DNA sequence variants. Our findings suggest that not only RET mutations but also RET polymorphic variants may contribute to the occurrence of TIA.
Finding Choice Alternatives in Memory: Probability Models of Brand Name Recall

Recalling brand names is an important aspect of consumer choice in many situations. The authors develop a general Markov model that relates probabilistic aspects of recall to consumer and marketing mix variables. Then they illustrate how parameters can be estimated from recall data for three special cases of the model: The first is a “baseline” version of the model that can be used to assess the extent to which categories of brands can be automatically included in or excluded from memory search; the second is a zero-order model that can be used to estimate the effects of brand variables and individual usage rates on recall latency; and the third is a first-order model that uses aggregate recall data to assess market structure. Finally, the authors demonstrate how the model can be used in numerical analyses to evaluate awareness-building strategies.
The Effect of Psychological Skills Training (PST) on Self-Regulation Behavior, Self-Efficacy, and Psychological Skill Use in Military Pilot-Trainees

Set within B. J. Zimmerman’s (1989, A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning, Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 81, pp. 329–339; and B. J. Zimmerman, 2000, Attaining self-regulation: A social-cognitive perspective, in M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, & M. Seidner, Eds., Self-Regulation: Theory, Research, and Applications, pp. 13–39, Orlando, Florida, Academic Press) cyclical model of self-regulation and social–cognitive theory, this study tested the hypothesis that multi-modal psychological skills training (PST) would increase self-regulation behavior, self-efficacy, and psychological skill use in military pilot-trainees experiencing course-related learning difficulties. From pre- to post-intervention, findings showed that specific self-regulation behavior increased linearly. Likewise, significant increases in self-efficacy and psychological skill use occurred, along with concomitant reductions in anxiety and worry. Changes were generally retained at 2-month follow-up. PST highlights potential in modifying pilot-trainee cognitive and behavioral strategies to underpin learning, improve individual/cohort responsiveness, and importantly, cost effectiveness in training provision.
The Effects of Divorce and Marital Discord on Adult Children's Psychological Well-being

Previous research has demonstrated associations between exposure to parental divorce and marital discord while growing up and children's psychological distress in adulthood. Few studies, however, have attempted to explain these associations. Three pathways are evaluated through which family disruption and discord may affect offspring's well-being: children's socioeconomic attainment, children's marital and relationship stability, and the quality of children's relations with parents. Using 17-year longitudinal data from two generations, results show that divorce and marital discord predict lower levels of psychological well-being in adulthood. Parent-child relationships mediate most of the associations between parents’ marital discord and divorce and children's subsequent psychological outcomes. Marital discord appears to erode children's emotional bonds with mothers, whereas both divorce and marital discord appear to erode children's emotional bonds with fathers. The results highlight the continuing importance of parent-child ties for children's well-being in early adulthood.