Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Export Methods in Fault Detection and Localization Mechanisms

Monitoring the quality of service in a multi-domain network allows providers to ensure the control of multi-domain service performance. A multi-domain service is a service that crosses multiple domains. In this paper, we propose several mechanisms for fault detection and fault localization. A fault is detected when an end-to-end contract is not respected. Faulty domains are domains that do not fulfill their Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Our three proposed fault detection and localization mechanisms (FDLM) depend on the export method used. These export methods define how the measurement results are exported for analysis. We consider the periodic export, the triggered export, and a combined method. For each FDLM, we propose two sub-schemes that use different fault detection strategies. In this paper, we describe these mechanisms and evaluate their performance using Network Simulator (NS-2).
Measuring Pornography Use Identity: Validation Study of the Modified Centrality of Event Scale

There has been an increase in research focused on the influence that pornography use has on an individual. Observations of dysfunction with pornography users, in both clinical and religious settings, have driven a large part of this increase in research. Current research findings on religiosity and incongruent sexual behaviors further support the need to examine the correlation between the individual and their pornography use, especially with religious users. To date, there has been no research in the literature addressing the connection between the individual’s beliefs towards their pornography use and the effect of these beliefs on their identity or other externalized interactions and experiences. Also, there has been no research in the literature that proposes a way to measure this interaction. To bridge this gap, this study modified the Centrality of Event Scale to focus specifically on the perception of how pornography use impacts their identity and externalized interactions and experiences. The findings from this study demonstrated, for religious pornography users, a relationship between their pornography use and both their internalization (i.e., identity) and externalization (the way they view their world). These findings have begun to fill the gap in the literature and substantiate the need for additional research in this area. Also, the findings from this study have implications for counselors who work with individuals who experience dysfunction with their pornography use, supervisors who consult with clinical staff, and counselor educators who prepare future counselors to enter the field.
Storm Surge Assessment Methodology Based on Numerical Modelling

Coastal zones face severe weaknesses and high-risk situations due to coastal threats like erosion and storms and due to an increasing intensive occupation. Tropical storms events can contribute to the occurrence of these situations, by causing storm surges with high water levels and, consequently, episodes of waves overtopping and coastal flooding. This work aims to describe a methodology to estimate the storm surge occurrences in the Portuguese coastal zone, recurring to historical tropical storms data that occurred in the vicinity of Portugal and to numerical modeling of its characteristics. Delft3D software together with DelfDashboard tools were applied for the numerical modelling. An automatic generation procedure of storms was implemented based on the few available historical storms data characteristics. Obtained results allows to characterize storm surges along the Portuguese coast, identifying the most vulnerable areas and, consequently contributing for its proper planning and management. coast, based on hydroinformatic tools. The storms modeling framework is based on different data sources, on the DelftDasboard preprocessing tools and on Delft3D-FLOW. The work is based on the simulation of historical coastal storms that occurred near Portugal, allowing to estimate the storms effect on the water surface elevation along the coast. These results allow to identify the most vulnerable areas and contribute for the proper planning and management of Portuguese coastal regions.
Analysis of 10 . 7m m Brightness Temperatures of a Simulated Thunderstorm with Two-Moment

A cloud-resolving model was used in conjunction with a radiative transfer (RT) modeling system to study 10.7-mm brightness temperatures computed for a simulated thunderstorm. A two-moment microphysical scheme was used that included seven hydrometeor types: pristine ice, snow, aggregates, graupel, hail, rain, and cloud water. Also, five different habits were modeled for pristine ice and snow. Hydrometeor optical properties were determined from an extended anomalous diffraction theory approach. Brightness temperatures were computed using a delta-Eddington two-stream model. Results indicate that the enhanced ‘‘V,’’ a feature sometimes seen in satellite infrared observations, may be formed through an interaction between the overshooting dome and the upstream flanking region of high pressure. This idea is contrary to one in which the overshooting dome is viewed as an obstacle to the environmental flow. As expected, the radiative effects of pristine ice particles within the anvil largely determined the brightness temperature field. Although brightness temperatures were found to be insensitive to microphysical characteristics of moderate to thick portions of the anvil, a strong relationship did exist with column-integrated pristine ice mass for cloud optical depths below about 5. Precipitation-sized hydrometeors and surface precipitation rate, on the other hand, failed to exhibit any meaningful relationship with the cloud-top brightness temperature. The combined mesoscale model and RT modeling system used in this study may also have utility in satellite product development prior to launch of a satellite and in satellite data assimilation.
Concanavalin A Disrupts the Release of Fibrous Material Necessary for Zygote Formation of a Unicellular Charophycean Alga, Closterium peracerosum-strigosum-littorale Complex

The Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale (C. psl.) complex is the best characterized charophycean alga with respect to the processes of sexual reproduction. We examined the effect of concanavalin A (Con A) on physiological and ultrastructural changes during the conjugation of the C. psl. complex. Two heterothallic gametangial cells formed a sexual pair as usual; however, the release of gametes was completely blocked by the addition of Con A. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Con A bound to the outermost layer of the conjugation papillae of paired cells. In the absence of Con A, the disruption of outer cell walls on the conjugation papillae and the secretion of fibrous materials from the conjugation papillae were observed using a transmission electron microscope, but Con A-treated cells did not show these changes. Instead, a highly electron-dense layer was observed in the outermost papillae, and the excess fibrous materials remained at the inside of the layer. These results suggest that an unknown molecule(s) recognized by Con A is essential for the diffusion of fibrous materials at the conjugation papillae, which is an indispensable step for gamete release during conjugation of the C. psl. complex.
Privacy-Preserving Filtering for Event Streams

Many large-scale information systems such as intelligent transportation systems, smart grids or smart buildings collect data about the activities of their users to optimize their operations. To encourage participation and adoption of these systems, it is becoming increasingly important that the design process take privacy issues into consideration. In a typical scenario, signals originate from many sensors capturing events involving the users, and several statistics of interest need to be continuously published in real-time. This paper considers the problem of providing differential privacy guarantees for such multi-input multi-output systems processing event streams. We show how to construct and optimize various extensions of the zero-forcing equalization mechanism, which we previously proposed for single-input single-output systems. Some of these extensions can take a model of the input signals into account. We illustrate our privacy-preserving filter design methodology through the problem of privately monitoring and forecasting occupancy in a building equipped with multiple motion detection sensors.
Solution to the problem of training a multi-agent neural network by means of a multi-chromosome genetic algorithm

This paper proposed a concept of the multi-agent neural network, where neurons are agents of the multi-agent system. Each agent has a decision-making system that rests upon the system of production rules. A multi-chromosome genetic algorithm was developed. This algorithm allows to train a multi-agent neural network simultaneously by several parameter classes of the target function. Efficiency of the proposed training method was illustrated by solving the task of searching behavior1.
Employing Measures of Heterogeneity and an Object-Based Approach to Extrapolate Tree Species Distribution Data

Information derived from high spatial resolution remotely sensed data is critical for the effective management of forested ecosystems. However, high spatial resolution data-sets are typically costly to acquire and process and usually provide limited geographic coverage. In contrast, moderate spatial resolution remotely sensed data, while not able to provide the spectral or spatial detail required for certain types of products and applications, offer inexpensive, comprehensive landscape-level coverage. This study assessed using an object-based approach to extrapolate detailed tree species heterogeneity beyond the extent of hyperspectral/LiDAR flightlines to the broader area covered by a Landsat scene. Using image segments, regression trees established ecologically decipherable relationships between tree species heterogeneity and the spectral properties of Landsat segments. The spectral properties of Landsat bands 4 (i.e., NIR: 0.76–0.90 µm), 5 (i.e., SWIR: 1.55–1.75 µm) and 7 (SWIR: 2.08–2.35 µm) were consistently selected as predictor variables, explaining approximately 50% of variance in richness and diversity. Results have important ramifications for ongoing management initiatives in the study area and are applicable to wide range of applications.
Adaptive Joint Decoding and Equalization for Space-Time Block-Coded Amplify-and-Forward Relaying Systems

We develop practical time- and frequency-domain adaptive equalizers for distributed time-reversal space-time block-coded (TR-STBC) systems. The adaptive equalizers eliminate the need for explicit channel impulse response estimation at the receiver. The length of the time-domain adaptive equalizer is also independent of the data block length, making it particularly suitable for frequency selective fading channels with short delay spreads. We derive the block minimum mean square error solutions for both time- and frequency-domain distributed TR-STBC systems and from these we develop recursive least squares adaptive algorithms for the block structures. We use computer simulations to compare both the time- and frequency-domain adaptive equalizers for amplify-and-forward relay networks. We show that the adaptive algorithms work well for Protocols I and III proposed by Nabar The time-domain adaptive algorithms perform better than the frequency-domain algorithms, and overall the Protocol I receivers outperform the Protocol III receivers. We also show that, if only the Protocol III receiver is used, it can be susceptible to noise amplification due to a weaker source-to-relay link compared to the relay-to-destination link. This problem can be mitigated by using the Protocol I receivers with some extra complexity but much superior diversity performance.
Neurobiology of Disease Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 1 ( CRHR 1 ) Genetic Variation and Stress Interact to Influence Reward Learning

Ryan Bogdan,1 Diane L. Santesso,1 Jesen Fagerness,2 Roy H. Perlis,2,3 and Diego A. Pizzagalli1,4 1Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, 2Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, and 3Bipolar Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, and 4Center For Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research and Neuroimaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478
Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2) Potentiates BMP-9-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Formation

Efficient osteogenic differentiation and bone formation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) should have clinical applications in treating nonunion fracture healing. MSCs are adherent bone marrow stromal cells that can self‐renew and differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic lineages. We have identified bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP‐9) as one of the most osteogenic BMPs. Here we investigate the effect of insulin‐like growth factor 2 (IGF‐2) on BMP‐9‐induced bone formation. We have found that endogenous IGF‐2 expression is low in MSCs. Expression of IGF‐2 can potentiate BMP‐9‐induced early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of later markers. IGF‐2 has been shown to augment BMP‐9‐induced ectopic bone formation in the stem cell implantation assay. In perinatal limb explant culture assay, IGF‐2 enhances BMP‐9‐induced endochondral ossification, whereas IGF‐2 itself can promote the expansion of the hypertropic chondrocyte zone of the cultured limb explants. Expression of the IGF antagonists IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 leads to inhibition of the IGF‐2 effect on BMP‐9‐induced ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Mechanistically, IGF‐2 is further shown to enhance the BMP‐9‐induced BMPR‐Smad reporter activity and Smad1/5/8 nuclear translocation. PI3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 abolishes the IGF‐2 potentiation effect on BMP‐9‐mediated osteogenic signaling and can directly inhibit BMP‐9 activity. These results demonstrate that BMP‐9 crosstalks with IGF‐2 through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway during osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Taken together, our findings suggest that a combination of BMP‐9 and IGF‐2 may be explored as an effective bone‐regeneration agent to treat large segmental bony defects, nonunion fracture, and/or osteoporotic fracture. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Incremental clustering for human activity detection based on phone sensor data

This paper presents our recent work on human activity detection based on smart phone sensors and incremental clustering algorithms. The proposed unsupervised (clustering) activity detection scheme works in an incremental manner, which contains two stages. In the first stage, streamed sensor data will be processed. A single-pass clustering algorithm is used in order to generate pre-clustered results for the next stage. In the second stage, pre-clustered results will be refined to form the final clusters, which means the clusters are built incrementally adding one cluster at a time. Experiments on phone sensors data of five basic human activities show that the proposed scheme could get comparable results with traditional clustering algorithms but working in a streaming and incremental manner, which is promising for automatic annotated data collection.
Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the Fatigue Severity Scale in Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease Patients

As one of the most frequent symptoms, measurement of fatigue is an issue of interest in Parkinson's disease (PD). The fatigue severity scale (FSS) is one of the recommended questionnaires for this purpose. The aim of our study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Persian version of the FSS (FSS-Per) to assess fatigue in PD patients. Ninety nondemented idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients were consecutively recruited from an outpatient referral movement disorder clinic. In addition to the disease severity scales, the FSS-Per was used for fatigue measurement. The internal consistency coefficient was larger than 0.8 for all of the items with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95–0.97). The FSS-Per score correlated with the UPDRS score (r = 0.55, P < 0.001) and the “Hoehn and Yahr” (HY) stage (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). The total score of the FSS-Per significantly discriminated IPD patients with more severe disability (HY stage > 2) versus those with less severe disease (HY stage ≤2) (AUC = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.90)). The FSS-Per fulfilled a high internal consistency and construct validity to measure the severity of fatigue in Iranian IPD patients. These acceptable psychometric properties were reproducible in subgroups of IPD patients regarding different levels of education, disease severity, sex and age groups.
Method for solving the pilot optimal attention allocation problem

According to the modern control and optimal estimation theory, a mathematical model of the pilot attention resource allocation is developed This model analyzes the inherent characteristics of pilot input and output links in the pilot-vehicle closed-loop system, and the optimal control model of pilot is established by simplification and mathematical modeling. The control task chosen in this paper concerns the longitudinal motion of a hovering aircraft. To solve the pilot optimal attention allocation problem in the instrument-monitoring task of the pilot-vehicle closed-loop system an objective function is set up based on flight control system state equation. In the process of solving optimization problem, the constrained optimization problem is converted into an unconstrained problem, and is solved effectively with the method of steepest descent algorithm in the MATLAB.
Association of Vitamin A Status with Overnutrition in Children and Adolescents

This study was conducted to examine the possible association between vitamin A status and overnutrition in Chinese urban children and adolescents. Weight, height and serum retinol were assessed in total 3457 children (7–9.9 years of age) and adolescents (10–17 years of age), using urban region data from the China National Nutrition and Health Survey 2010–2013 (CHNNS2010-2013) which is a nationally representative cross-sectional study. Prevalence of low serum concentration of retinol was 26.8% and 12.24% for overweight. Retinol inadequacy was significantly higher in children (32.13%) than in adolescents (24.48%). The average of retinol was significantly higher in overnutrified 42.32 μg/dL versus non-overnutrified 41.05 μg/dL (p = 0.00) children and adolescents. Overnutrified children and adolescents presented a greater chance of an increase in serum concentration of retinol (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.63, and 1.48, 95% confidence interval (1.26–1.74) when compared with non-overnutrified children. An important correspondence between vitamin A deficiency and overnutrition was found. Non-overnutrified children and adolescents may have a greater chance of presenting low concentrations of retinol. Future public health strategies focused on the overnutrified population and vitamin A supplements should consider the effect of retinol on urban children and adolescents in China.
Online Sequence-to-Sequence Reinforcement Learning for Open-Domain Conversational Agents

We propose an online, end-to-end, deep reinforcement learning technique to develop generative conversational agents for open-domain dialogue. We use a unique combination of offline two-phase supervised learning and online reinforcement learning with human users to train our agent. While most existing research proposes hand-crafted and develop-defined reward functions for reinforcement, we devise a novel reward mechanism based on a variant of Beam Search and one-character user-feedback at each step. Experiments show that our model, when trained on a small and shallow Seq2Seq network, successfully promotes the generation of meaningful, diverse and interesting responses, and can be used to train agents with customized personas and conversational styles.
Biological Control of Phytophthora palmivora Causing Root Rot of Pomelo Using Chaetomium spp.

Abstract Phytophthora diseases have become a major impediment in the citrus production in Thailand. In this study, an isolate of Phytophthora denominated as PHY02 was proven to be causal pathogen of root rot of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) in Thailand. The isolate PHY02 was morphologically characterized and identified as Phytophthora palmivora based on molecular analysis of an internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. This work also presents in vitro evaluations of the capacities of Chaetomium spp. to control the P. palmivora PHY02. As antagonists, Chaetomium globosum CG05, Chaetomium cupreum CC3003, Chaetomium lucknowense CL01 inhibited 50~61% mycelial growth, degraded mycelia and reduced 92~99% sporangial production of P. palmivora PHY02 in bi-culture test after 30 days. Fungal metabolites from Chaetomium spp. were tested against PHY02. Results showed that, methanol extract of C. globosum CG05 expressed strongest inhibitory effects on mycelial growth and sporangium formation of P. palmivora PHY02 with effective dose ED50 values of 26.5 μg/mL and 2.3 μg/mL, respectively. It is interesting that C. lucknowense is reported for the first time as an effective antagonist against a species of Phytophthora.
Analysis Of Errors Made By Learners Of Maori In An Introductory University Course

This report presents a survey of the range of grammatical and lexical errors made in written Maori by University students taking an introductory course in Maori language. We begin by introducing and motivating an error classification of different classes of error. We then provide an analysis of three different types of student writing: homework assignments, impromptu tests and exam transcripts. We conclude with some remarks about the patterns of errors which we found. Introduction When teaching a foreign language, it is important to have in mind a model of the kinds of errors which students are likely to make at any point in their course. Without this knowledge, it is hard to decide how quickly to proceed from one topic to another, or which types of interaction to concentrate on in the classroom. We have conducted an analysis of the kinds of written errors made by University students taking an introductory course in Maori language. We undertook this work firstly because we wanted to provide some quantitative information about the pattern of errors for the teachers involved in the course, and (with some caveats) for other teachers of introductory courses in Maori. Secondly, and more specifically, our study will play a role in the design and evaluation of two computer-aided language learning (CALL) systems which we are building to complement the course. We want to ensure that the systems are designed to target the errors which are most commonly made. Moreover, we would like to evaluate these systems by comparing errors made by students who have had experience with either system, with students from a control group that has had no exposure to either system. Our main purpose is to present some useful resources and information for teachers involved in introductory courses in Maori language.