Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development, Structure, and Keratin Expression in C57BL/6J Mouse Eccrine Glands

Eccrine sweat glands in the mouse are found only on the footpads and, when mature, resemble human eccrine glands. Eccrine gland anlagen were first apparent at 16.5 days postconception (DPC) in mouse embryos as small accumulations of cells in the mesenchymal tissue beneath the developing epidermis resembling hair follicle placodes. These cells extended into the dermis where significant cell organization, duct development, and evidence of the acrosyringium were observed in 6- to 7-postpartum day (PPD) mice. Mouse-specific keratin 1 (K1) and 10 (K10) expression was confined to the strata spinosum and granulosum. In 16.5 and 18.5 DPC embryos, K14 and K17 were both expressed in the stratum basale and diffusely in the gland anlagen. K5 expression closely mimicked K17 throughout gland development. K6 expression was not observed in the developing glands of the embryo but was apparent in the luminal cell layer of the duct by 6 to 7 PPD. By 21 PPD, the gland apertures appeared as depressions in the surface surrounded by cornified squames, and the footpad surface lacked the organized ridge and crease system seen in human fingers. These data serve as a valuable reference for investigators who use genetically engineered mice for skin research.
Accelerated Clone Selection for Recombinant CHO Cells Using a FACS‐Based High‐Throughput Screen

Flow cytometry was partnered with a nonfluorescent reporter protein for rapid, early stage identification of clones producing high levels of a therapeutic protein. A cell surface protein, not normally expressed on CHO cells, is coexpressed, as a reporter, with the therapeutic protein and detected using a fluorescently labeled antibody. The genes encoding the reporter protein and the therapeutic protein are linked by an IRES, so that they are transcribed in the same mRNA but are translated independently. Since they each arise from a common mRNA, the reporter proteinapos;s expression level accurately predicts the relative expression level of the therapeutic protein for each clone. This method provides an effective process for generating recombinant cell lines producing high levels of therapeutic proteins, with the benefits of rapid and accurate 96‐well plate clone screening and elimination of unstable clones at an earlier stage in the development process. Furthermore, because this method does not rely on the availability of an antibody specific for the therapeutic protein being expressed, it can be easily implemented into any cell line development process.
Detection of mRNA encoding xenobiotic‐metabolizing cytochrome P450s in human bronchoalveolar macrophages and peripheral blood lymphocytes

Human pulmonary tissues are known to contain enzymes mediating procarcinogen activation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes and bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAMs) have been used as surrogates for the lung in studies involving cytochrome P450 (CYP) parameters, including CYP1A1 inducibility in relation to susceptibility to lung cancer. In this study, a comprehensive view of the expression patterns of xenobiotic‐metabolizing CYP forms in human BAMs and peripheral blood lymphocytes was obtained by using gene‐specific reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction analysis. These patterns were compared with that in the whole lung. MRNAs of CYP2B6/7, CYP2C, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1 were detected in all seven BAM samples studied; however, only the mRNA of CYP2E1 was found consistently in all eight lymphocyte samples. The amounts of amplification products of CYP2B6/7, CYP2C, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1 were low and inconsistent, indicating low levels of expression in lymphocytes. Consistent with previous knowledge, mRNAs of CYP1A1, CYP2B6/7, CYP2E1, CYP2F1, CYP3A5, and CYP4B1 were detected in whole‐lung tissue. These results give an overall picture of the expression of CYP genes in the xenobiotic‐metabolizing families CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 in BAMs, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and whole‐lung tissue and will aid in directing future studies on the respective protein products. The differences in the CYP gene expression patterns between lung and lymphocytes cast additional doubt on the use of lymphocytes as a surrogate for the lung. Mol. Carcinog. 20:224–230, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sustainability Indicators for Industrial Organizations: Systematic Review of Literature

In this study a systematic literature review was carried out to analyze the characteristics, indicators, limitations, benefits, and conclusions of scientific productions on industrial sustainability to propose a set of generic sustainability indicators for industrial organizations. The identification of the scientific productions occurred through the use of key words, in addition, the snowballing technique was also used, which resulted in a final set of 24 papers from 1998 to 2018. The technique used to select the indicators was the text mining with the help of NVivo Software. Finally, the multiple advisor method was applied. The main results show that the studies on sets of indicators with a Triple Bottom Line approach began in 1998. In addition, the papers show studies that analyze the industries generally being published by journals with a high impact factor, with authors from universities in Europe, from America and Asia, which use an average set of 30 indicators, with the lowest percentage of studies using mixed and mixed-scale approaches. The limitations revealed by the papers are the lack of initiative and actions of organizations for the adoption of sustainability. The benefits are linked to the informational assistance they provide to managers in decision-making, and the conclusions reveal a lack of research on the use of the praxis of the set of sustainability indicators in industrial organizations. In this sense, we conclude that the set of indicators suggested in this study is in line with the theoretical findings of the reviewed literature, with a balance between the Triple Bottom Line aspects and the synthetic number of indicators that provide the ease of its application and analysis.
12-GHz-band low-noise GaAs monolithic amplifiers

One- and two-stage 12-GHz-band low-noise GaAs monolithic amplifiers have been developed for use in direct broadcasting satellite (DBS) receivers. The one-stage amplifier provides a less than 2.5-dB noise figure with more than 9.5-dB associated gain in the 11.7-12.7-GHz band. In the same frequency band, the two-stage amplifier has a less than 2.8-dB noise figure with more than 16-dB associated gain. A 0.5-µm gate closely spaced electrode FET with an ion-implanted active layer is employed in the amplifier in order to achieve a low-noise figure without reducing reproducibility. The chip size is 1 mm ×0.9 mm for the one-stage amplifier, and 1.5 mm ×0.9 mm for the two-stage amplifier.
Specific Interactions with TBP and TFIIB in Vitro Suggest That 14-3-3 Proteins May Participate in the Regulation of Transcription When Part of a DNA Binding Complex

The 14-3-3 family of multifunctional proteins is highly conserved among animals, plants, and yeast. Several studies have shown that these proteins are associated with a G-box DNA binding complex and are present in the nucleus in several plant and animal species. In this study, 14-3-3 proteins are shown to bind the TATA box binding protein (TBP), transcription factor IIB (TFIIB), and the human TBP–associated factor hTAFII32 in vitro but not hTAFII55. The interactions with TBP and TFIIB were highly specific, requiring amino acid residues in the box 1 domain of the 14-3-3 protein. These interactions do not require formation of the 14-3-3 dimer and are not dependent on known 14-3-3 recognition motifs containing phosphoserine. The 14-3-3–TFIIB interaction appears to occur within the same domain of TFIIB that binds the human herpes simplex virus transcriptional activator VP16, because VP16 and 14-3-3 were able to compete for interaction with TFIIB in vitro. In a plant transient expression system, 14-3-3 was able to activate GAL4-dependent β-glucuronidase reporter gene expression at low levels when translationally fused with the GAL4 DNA binding domain. The in vitro binding with general transcription factors TBP and TFIIB together with its nuclear location provide evidence supporting a role for 14-3-3 proteins as transcriptional activators or coactivators when part of a DNA binding complex.
The Composition of Camembert Cheese-Ripening Cultures Modulates both Mycelial Growth and Appearance

ABSTRACT The fungal microbiota of bloomy-rind cheeses, such as Camembert, forms a complex ecosystem that has not been well studied, and its monitoring during the ripening period remains a challenge. One limitation of enumerating yeasts and molds on traditional agar media is that hyphae are multicellular structures, and colonies on a petri dish rarely develop from single cells. In addition, fungi tend to rapidly invade agar surfaces, covering small yeast colonies and resulting in an underestimation of their number. In this study, we developed a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method using TaqMan probes to quantify a mixed fungal community containing the most common dairy yeasts and molds: Penicillium camemberti, Geotrichum candidum, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Kluyveromyces lactis on soft-cheese model curds (SCMC). The qPCR method was optimized and validated on pure cultures and used to evaluate the growth dynamics of a ripening culture containing P. camemberti, G. candidum, and K. lactis on the surface of the SCMC during a 31-day ripening period. The results showed that P. camemberti and G. candidum quickly dominated the ecosystem, while K. lactis remained less abundant. When added to this ecosystem, D. hansenii completely inhibited the growth of K. lactis in addition to reducing the growth of the other fungi. This result was confirmed by the decrease in the mycelium biomass on SCMC. This study compares culture-dependent and qPCR methods to successfully quantify complex fungal microbiota on a model curd simulating Camembert-type cheese.
Cardioprotective role of cardiotrophin-1 gene transfer in a murine model of myocardial infarction

We observed the effect of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) gene transfer on cardiomyocytes in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Sixty male CD-1 mice weighing approximately 40 g were used in the study. Forty mice were subjected to left coronary artery ligation and randomized to receive AdCT-1 vector (treated group) or AdLacZ vector (control group) treatment, with 20 mice for each group. AdCT-1 or AdLacZ vector was directly injected into the border zone of the ischemic myocardium at six sites, 10 min after ligation (10 μl/site, 2.5 × 106 PFU/100 μl). Twenty mice undergoing thoracotomy and injection of an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline solution but not coronary ligation served as sham group. Hemodynamics, histopathology and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were detected at 2 weeks after injection. Four animals in sham, nine in control, and six in treated groups died during the experiment. The remaining 41 mice were included in the study. Mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise or fall were significantly higher in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for all), whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, infarct size, the ratio of right ventricle or lung weight to body weight, and apoptotic index were significantly lower in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for all). The caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release were also lower in treated group than in control group (P < 0.01 for each). AdCT-1 injection significantly inhibited Fas, Bax and p53, and increased CT-1 and Bcl-2 expression in myocardium. Our results suggest that AdCT-1 vector can be effectively transfected and continued to express bioactive CT-1 protein in myocardium. CT-1 plays an important cardioprotective effect on myocardial damage in the murine model of myocardial infarction.
Inverse Z‐spectrum analysis for spillover‐, MT‐, and T1‐corrected steady‐state pulsed CEST‐MRI – application to pH‐weighted MRI of acute stroke

Endogenous chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects are always diluted by competing effects, such as direct water proton saturation (spillover) and semi‐solid macromolecular magnetization transfer (MT). This leads to unwanted T2 and MT signal contributions that lessen the CEST signal specificity to the underlying biochemical exchange processes. A spillover correction is of special interest for clinical static field strengths and protons resonating near the water peak. This is the case for all endogenous CEST agents, such as amide proton transfer, –OH‐CEST of glycosaminoglycans, glucose or myo‐inositol, and amine exchange of creatine or glutamate. All CEST effects also appear to be scaled by the T1 relaxation time of water, as they are mediated by the water pool. This forms the motivation for simple metrics that correct the CEST signal.
Future directions in palliative radiotherapy for malignant airway obstruction requiring mechanical ventilation.

Answer or Anguish? improvement perceived. Acute toxicities, in fact, can worsen the clinical condition especially when receiving MV and also reduces the quality of life. We would like to know whether the authors would have considered any preand post-RT pulmonary assessment/function studies. In this study, the authors do not provide information on acute cardiopulmonary toxicities related to RT. Third, we would like the authors to comment on any variables they had noted or would have preferred to measure that could predict the risk of toxicity and outcome in their patient population. Fourth, although a small number of patients were successfully extubated and discharged out of intensive care unit and hospital, it would have been useful to understand their quality of life, performance scores, and ability to perform activities of daily living. This may shift the focus from extubation from MV to postextubation meaningful lifestyle. Finally, information on endof-life care issues in their patient population and mode of MV, such as single lung versus double lung, pressure cycled versus volume cycled, and standard versus high-frequency ventilation, would have addressed some practical issues for clinicians and intensivist. We believe that further clinical studies will provide more understanding of the role of RT in MAO requiring MV. This study has indeed paved the way to this understanding and we would like to commend the authors for this work.
Optimum Microgrid Design for Enhancing Reliability and Supply-Security

Microgrids are known as clusters of distributed energy resources serving a group of distributed loads in grid-connected and isolated grid modes. Nowadays, the concept of microgrids has become a key subject in the smart grid area, demanding a systematic procedure for their optimal construction. According to the IEEE Std 1547.4, large distribution systems can be clustered into a number of microgrids to facilitate powerful control and operation infrastructure in future distribution systems. However, clustering large systems into a set of microgrids with high reliability and security is not reported in current literature. To fill-out this gap, this paper presents a systematic and optimized approach for designing microgrids taking into account system reliability- and supply-security-related aspects. The optimum design considers sustained and temporary faults, for system reliability via a combined probabilistic reliability index, and real and reactive power balance, for supply security. The loads are assumed to be variable and different distributed generation (DG) technologies are considered. Conceptual design, problem formulation and solution algorithms are presented in this paper. The well-known PG&E 69-bus distribution system is selected as the test system. The effect of optimization coefficients on the design and the robustness of the algorithm are investigated using sensitivity studies.
A large simple randomized trial of rocuronium versus succinylcholine in rapid‐sequence induction of anaesthesia along with propofol

Background: Rocuronium has an onset of action more rapid than other non‐depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, but it is unclear whether it and succinylcholine give equivalent intubating conditions during rapid‐sequence induction of anaesthesia. We performed this study to answer the question – are there clinically relevant differences between the use of rocuronium and succinylcholine to secure acceptable intubating conditions during rapid‐sequence induction of anaesthesia with propofol?
[Ho:YAG and diode laser treatment of hyperplastic inferior nasal turbinates].

BACKGROUND Since the early 80's, chronic nasal obstruction due to hyperplastic turbinates is treated by laser light. Comparative clinical studies were performed to assess the clinical outcome of laser assisted endonasal turbinate surgery in longterm. METHODS By means of a pulsed Ho:YAG laser emitting light at lambda = 2100 nm (0.8 - 1.2 J/pulse, 4 - 8 Hz), 69 patients suffering from nasal obstruction due to allergic rhinitis (46 %) and vasomotor rhinitis (54 %) were treated under local anesthesia. Furthermore, 50 patients (52 % with allergic rhinitis and 48 % with vasomotor rhinitis) were treated by means of a GaAlAs-diode laser (c. w., lambda = 940 nm, 8 - 10 W). The treatment time took 3 - 10 min/turbinate and nasal packing was not necessary after the laser procedure. The study was conducted by a standardized questionnaire, photo documentation, allergy test, mucociliar function test, rhinomanometry, and acoustic rhinometry. RESULTS Within 4 weeks after laser treatment, an improvement of nasal airflow correlating to the extent of the ablated turbinate tissue could be determined in more than 80 % of the patients. Rhinomanometry revealed a significant improvement of the nasal airflow 6 months and 1 year after the laser treatment compared to the preoperative data. Side effects like nasal dryness and pain were rare (< 5 %). Diode laser treatment revealed more effective results than Ho:YAG laser treatment, however there was no significant difference between the two investigated groups. Patients suffering from vasomotor rhinitis showed far better results in long term in comparison to allergic rhinitis patients. CONCLUSIONS Ho:YAG and diode laser treatment can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia in a short treatment time with promising results. It could become a time and cost effective treatment modality in endonasal laser surgery.
External Shocks, Policy Reforms and Pro-Poor Growth in Bolivia

This paper analyzes how major external shocks and policy reforms affect Bolivia’s ability to achieve pro-poor growth. Employing a recursive-dynamic CGE model, it considers three different scenarios: an optimistic baseline scenario that roughly extrapolates the situation prevailing before the onset of the recent economic crisis; a more realistic scenario that accounts for two important negative external shocks (declining capital inflows and El Niño); and a scenario that captures the combined effect of the shocks and two major reform projects (development of the gas sector and deregulation of the urban labor market). It turns out that the shocks have not only contributed to the economic crisis, but that they are also likely to impair Bolivia’s medium-term development prospects, leading to marked increases in both urban and rural poverty. If the reform projects were implemented, their impact on growth would be large enough to slightly overcompensate the impact of the negative external shocks. The poverty increase caused by the shocks would be more than offset for urban households, but reinforced for rural households.
Denoising low dose CT images via 3D total variation using CUDA

The purpose of this paper is to improve the quality of low dose Computed Tomography (CT) images. Low dose artifacts are the Gaussian noises superimposed on the CT images and are often caused by insufficient calibrated detector and photon starvation. A noise reduction method via three dimensional total variation using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) is proposed on the three dimensional image. This method can also be employed for low dose noise removal of the two dimensional CT images by decreasing a total variation dimension processing technique. The performance of the proposed algorithm has been tested by using quantitative measures. For quantitative analysis, the quality assessment parameter Peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR) is used in this paper. Both simulation and real experiment results show that the proposed technique increases the image quality and has high calculation speed.
Exploring classical conditioning for strengthening the links between semantic and lexical representations in pure anomia: Preliminary findings from a single case study

The same language symptom might arise at different functional loci in people with aphasia. Therefore, it is plausible that different therapeutic interventions should be adopted to approach the same difficulties in different patients. Although this point of view is still widely accepted, recently the focus has shifted from the functional locus of a rehabilitative intervention to the mechanisms of action underlying the relearning process. We maintain that both aspects should be taken into account when programming a rehabilitative intervention; furthermore, investigating relearning mechanisms might shed new light on the functional architecture of the disrupted processes. Here, we investigated, in a single case study, whether classical conditioning was a suitable relearning paradigm for targeting word-finding difficulties in pure anomia, that is in a patient with an impairment in accessing intact output lexical representations from a spared semantic system. Using a word-repetition task on picture presentation, we contrasted a condition in which the stimulus onset asynchrony between word and picture stimuli was well suited to produce classical conditioning with a condition in which repetition training could not benefit from this learning mechanism. Only classical conditioning training exerted a significant, long-lasting effect on our patient's naming skill. Tentative implications of our results for the functional architecture of single-word processing are discussed.
DNA barcoding analysis of Coleoidea (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from Chinese waters

Coleoids are part of the Cephalopoda class, which occupy an important position in most oceans both at an ecological level and at a commercial level. Nevertheless, some coleoid species are difficult to distinguish with traditional morphological identification in cases when specimens are heavily damaged during collection or when closely related taxa are existent. As a useful tool for rapid species assignment, DNA barcoding may offer significant potential for coleoid identification. Here, we used two mitochondrial fragments, cytochrome c oxidase I and the large ribosomal subunit (16S rRNA), to assess whether 34 coleoids accounting for about one‐third of the Chinese coleoid fauna could be identified by DNA barcoding technique. The pairwise intra‐ and interspecific distances were assessed, and relationships among species were estimated by NJ and Bayesian analyses. High levels of genetic differentiation within Loliolus beka led to an overlap between intra‐ and interspecific distances. All remaining species forming well‐differentiated clades in the NJ and Bayesian trees were identical for both fragments. Loliolus beka possessed two mitochondrial lineages with high levels of intraspecific distances, suggesting the occurrence of cryptic species. This study confirms the efficacy of DNA barcoding for identifying species as well as discovering cryptic diversity of Chinese coleoids. It also lays a foundation for other ecological and biological studies of Coleoidea.