Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mealtime energy intake and feeding behaviour in children who fail to thrive: a population-based case-control study.

BACKGROUND The essential link between energy needs and energy intake is feeding behaviour, yet few studies have directly observed feeding behaviour in children who have failed to thrive. A cohort of 961 term infants was screened to identify children with first year weight gain below the 5th centile in order to examine their feeding behaviour and food intake. METHODS A nested case-control study was used with direct observation at 13-21 months over two lunchtime meals, one consisting of finger foods and the other of 'spoon foods'. Thirty children who failed to thrive and 57 controls were studied. The video-tapes were coded for feeding behaviour using a behavioural coding inventory which distinguishes between children feeding themselves and responding to being fed by their mother. The main outcome measures were counts of five feeding actions (give, accept, feedself, refuse, reject) and measures of energy intake, the weight of food eaten and meal duration. RESULTS There were systematic differences in feeding behaviour between meal types, with mothers feeding their child more often at meals comprising spoon foods and children feeding themselves more often at meals comprising finger foods. By weight, more food was consumed at the spoon food meals, but energy intake was no higher, showing that the children compensated for the differing energy yields of the foods. Children who failed to thrive took in less energy than controls, and were less likely to sit in a highchair throughout the meal, but there were no clear differences in other aspects of feeding behaviour. CONCLUSIONS Food type is an important variable when studying childhood feeding behaviour. Children who fail to thrive take in less energy than controls of the same age, despite there being no major differences in mealtime feeding behaviour.
Process Tracing and Elite Interviewing: A Case for Non-probability Sampling

This article explores the relationship between the method of process tracing and the data collection technique of elite interviewing. The process tracing method has become an increasingly used and cited tool in qualitative research, a trend that has recently accelerated with the publication of Alexander George and Andrew Bennett's text (2005), Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. That book outlines and explores the process tracing method in detail, highlighting its advantages for exploring causal processes and analyzing complex decision-making. Yet while the book presents a rigorous and compelling account of the process tracing method and its critical importance to case study research, the value of the method itself remains contested in some quarters, and there are aspects of George and Bennett's treatment of it that require further exploration.
Colonization with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria: prolonged duration and frequent cocolonization.

BACKGROUND The characteristics of colonization with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) in the gastrointestinal tract have not been well defined. Characterizing the duration of colonization, clearance of colonization, and frequency of cocolonization would provide important information for the development of interventions targeting the prevention of MDRGNB spread. METHODS From 31 October 2006 through 22 October 2007, serial rectal cultures were obtained every 3-4 weeks from residents of a long-term care facility. Clearance of colonization was defined as > or = 2 consecutive cultures from which MDRGNB were not recovered. Factors associated with clearance of colonization were analyzed using time-to-event methods. RESULTS Thirty-three patients colonized with 57 MDRGNB isolates were followed up for a median of 211 days (range, 63-356 days). Twenty (61%) of the patients were colonized with > or = 1 different MDRGNB species (median, 2 strains; range, 1-4 strains). The median duration of MDRGNB colonization was 144 days (range, 41-349 days). Clearance of colonization with all MDRGNB strains occurred in 3 patients (9%). Clearance of MDRGNB colonization, calculated by colonizing strain, occurred in 22 (39%) of 57 MDRGNB colonization episodes, with a rate of colonization clearance of 2.6 episodes per 1000 days. Clearance of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis colonization occurred in 1 (6.7%) of 15 episodes, compared with clearance of 21 (50%) of 42 colonization episodes due to other MDRGNB species (hazard ratio, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.78; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Patient colonization with MDRGNB is prolonged, and a substantial proportion of patients are colonized with multiple MDRGNB species. Multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis may have a survival advantage in the gastrointestinal tract, compared with other MDRGNB species.
Computerized assessment in neuropsychiatry using CANTAB: discussion paper.

This paper illustrates how recent developments in computing technology can be exploited for the neuropsychological assessment ofneurodegenerative diseases. Computerizedtests have many advantages over traditional paper and pencil tests, including precision, speed an-d reliability. For example, it is possible to measure -response latencies to' millisecond accuracy, necessarfor reaction time studies. Furthermore, the 6iomputer can 'be used to give feedback to the subjet in a iystematic 'and objective fashion. These generl' desgir 'features have now been utilized extengiMvelf inis set of tests knownas the Cambridge Neuropsycho6gic1a Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). -Other iijortant design1features of these tests are: (1) They are designed to test different aspects of mental functioning so that a profile ofperormance can be constructed'for a particular patient group. (2) Where appropriate they are graded in difficulty in order to assess abroad range ofcognitive ability. (3) They employ non-verbal stimuli and require nonverbal responses. This, of course, is essential for patients with language impairment, but is also an important advantage for -cross national studies. (4) They are designed to be-visually attractive and interesting, using positive feedback which has a 'game-like' quality and maintains motivation. CANTAB consists ofthree separate batteries oftests measuring visual memory, attention and planning. They are designed to run on an Acorn BBC Master Microcomputer and more recently on IBM PC and compatible machines. In both cases the programs employ high resolution graphics and responses are made using a touch sensitive screen. The theoretical rationale of the tests is based on two main themes: (i) adapting those tests of animal neuropsychology that have proved useful in establishing the neural substrates" of certain types of cognitive function and; (ii)'. undertaking a componential analysis ofthe processes comprising particular forms of cognitive function; for example spatial planning may involve the ability to store and sequence particular spatial representations, as well as manipulate them in working memory. A patient could fail a planning test because of impairments in any one of these constituent functions. The tests are comprehensive in terms of the range of functions they assess, and have been shown' to be sensitive to deficits, as well as progressive decline, in patients early in the course of dentia of the
Identifying smart healthcare indicators for measuring smart city: an indonesian perspective

The high growth of urbanization requires governments to solve the problem created by it. Smart City is one possible solution addressing the problem. In order to increase the quality of life, it is important to implement Smart Healthcare as a component of Smart City. The study tries to find out which variables and indicators can be used as a measurement for Smart Healthcare implementation.
Multiple actions of φ-LITX-Lw1a on ryanodine receptors reveal a functional link between scorpion DDH and ICK toxins

We recently reported the isolation of a scorpion toxin named U1-liotoxin-Lw1a (U1-LITX-Lw1a) that adopts an unusual 3D fold termed the disulfide-directed hairpin (DDH) motif, which is the proposed evolutionary structural precursor of the three-disulfide-containing inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) motif found widely in animals and plants. Here we reveal that U1-LITX-Lw1a targets and activates the mammalian ryanodine receptor intracellular calcium release channel (RyR) with high (fM) potency and provides a functional link between DDH and ICK scorpion toxins. Moreover, U1-LITX-Lw1a, now described as φ-liotoxin-Lw1a (φ-LITX-Lw1a), has a similar mode of action on RyRs as scorpion calcines, although with significantly greater potency, inducing full channel openings at lower (fM) toxin concentrations whereas at higher pM concentrations increasing the frequency and duration of channel openings to a submaximal state. In addition, we show that the C-terminal residue of φ-LITX-Lw1a is crucial for the increase in full receptor openings but not for the increase in receptor subconductance opening, thereby supporting the two-binding-site hypothesis of scorpion toxins on RyRs. φ-LITX-Lw1a has potential both as a pharmacological tool and as a lead molecule for the treatment of human diseases that involve RyRs, such as malignant hyperthermia and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
Differential Codon Adaptation between dsDNA and ssDNA Phages in Escherichia coli

Because phages use their host translation machinery, their codon usage should evolve toward that of highly expressed host genes. We used two indices to measure codon adaptation of phages to their host, rRSCU (the correlation in relative synonymous codon usage [RSCU] between phages and their host) and Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) computed with highly expressed host genes as the reference set (because phage translation depends on host translation machinery). These indices used for this purpose are appropriate only when hosts exhibit little mutation bias, so only phages parasitizing Escherichia coli were included in the analysis. For double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) phages, both rRSCU and CAI decrease with increasing number of transfer RNA genes encoded by the phage genome. rRSCU is greater for dsDNA phages than for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) phages, and the low rRSCU values are mainly due to poor concordance in RSCU values for Y-ending codons between ssDNA phages and the E. coli host, consistent with the predicted effect of C→T mutation bias in the ssDNA phages. Strong C→T mutation bias would improve codon adaptation in codon families (e.g., Gly) where U-ending codons are favored over C-ending codons (“U-friendly” codon families) by highly expressed host genes but decrease codon adaptation in other codon families where highly expressed host genes favor C-ending codons against U-ending codons (“U-hostile” codon families). It is remarkable that ssDNA phages with increasing C→T mutation bias also increased the usage of codons in the “U-friendly” codon families, thereby achieving CAI values almost as large as those of dsDNA phages. This represents a new type of codon adaptation.
Analysis of symbol error rate for amplify-and-forward networks with best-relay selection over Weibull fading channels

We analyze and study the performance of Amplify and Forward cooperative diversity wireless communication network with best-relay selection over Weibull fading channel. In this paper, a closed-form expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination is derived in terms of the tabulated Meijer's G-function. By the help of this derived MGF expression, we analyze the average symbol error rate (ASER) over independent and identical distributed (i.i.d) Weibull fading channels for multiple relays. The numerical values of ASER expression is compared with Monte-Carlo simulation result to verify the accuracy of the derivation.
Quantitative Assessment of Artifacts on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Patients With Pacemakers and Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators

Background— The safety and clinical utility of MRI at 1.5 T in patients with cardiac implantable devices such as pacemakers (PM) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) have been reported. This study aims to evaluate the extent of artifacts on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in patients with PM and ICD (PM/ICD). Methods and Results— A total of 71 CMR studies were performed with an established safety protocol in patients with prepectoral PM/ICD. The artifact area around the PM/ICD generator was measured in all short-axis (SA), horizontal (HLA), and vertical long-axis (VLA) SSFP cine planes. The location and extent of artifacts were also assessed in all SA (20 sectors per plane), HLA, and VLA (6 sectors per plane) late gadolinium-enhanced CMR (LGE-CMR) planes. The artifact area on cine CMR was significantly larger with ICD versus PM generators in each plane (P<0.001, respectively). In patients with left-sided ICD or biventricular ICD systems, the percentages of sectors with any artifacts on LGE-CMR were 53.7%, 48.0%, and 49.2% in SA, HLA, and VLA planes, respectively. Patients with left-sided PM or right-sided PM/ICD had fewer artifacts. Anterior and apical regions were severely affected by artifact caused by left-sided PM/ICD generators. Conclusions— In contrast to patients with right-sided PM/ICD and left-sided PM, the anterior and apical left ventricle can be affected by susceptibility artifacts in patients with left-sided ICD. Artifact reduction methodologies will be necessary to improve the performance of CMR in patients with left sided ICD systems.
Air-tissue Boundary Segmentation in Real Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Video Using a Convolutional Encoder-decoder Network

In this paper, we propose a convolutional encoder-decoder network (CEDN) based approach for upper and lower Air-Tissue Boundary (ATB) segmentation within vocal tract in real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) video frames. The output images from CEDN are processed using perimeter and moving average filters to generate smooth contours representing ATBs. Experiments are performed in both seen subject and unseen subject conditions to examine the generalizability of the CEDN based approach. The performance of the segmented ATBs is evaluated using Dynamic Time Warping distance between the ground truth contours and predicted contours. The proposed approach is compared with three baseline schemes - one grid-based unsupervised and two supervised schemes. Experiments with 5779 rtMRI images from four subjects show that the CEDN based approach performs better than the unsupervised baseline scheme by 8.5% for seen subjects case whereas it does better than the supervised baseline schemes only for lower ATB. For unseen subjects case, the proposed approach performs better than the supervised baseline schemes by 63.96%, 22.9% respectively whereas it performs worse than the unsupervised baseline scheme. However, the proposed approach outperforms the unsupervised baseline scheme when a minimum of 30 images from unseen subjects are used to adapt the trained CEDN model.
The movement to SpecFinP in Finnish

Abstract This paper investigates the hypothesis that movement to SpecFinP in Finnish is an instance of discourse neutral EPP movement that obeys a locality condition. It is proposed that the subject argument in the specifier of vP is the closest potential goal for the EPP and therefore the “default” element to move to SpecFinP. The other elements, such as the object argument, have to first reach the edge of vP in order to be available for EPP movement to higher positions. The movement of the object to the edge of vP is argued to be discourse-driven scrambling.
Periodontal condition and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis.

INTRODUCTION The presence of chronic inflammation in the mouth, such as infectious disease of the periodontal tissues, may be the reservoir of microorganisms that are not usually present, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to create a profile of periodontal conditions and periodontal risk assessment in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study involved 22 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) aged 29.43 years. The following parameters were included in the clinical study: number and cause of permanent teeth loss (excluding third molars), the presence of plaque (PCR), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL). On the basis of obtained clinical data, the periodontal status and the periodontal risk were determined. RESULTS The study showed healthy periodontal tissues in 9 people (41%), gingivitis in 5 (23%), and mild periodontitis in 8 (36.36%). The periodontal risk in the vast majority of patients (90.91%) was at a low level - only 2 people, on average. CONCLUSIONS The poor oral hygiene in CF patients indicates the need to develop standards of dental care for this group aimed at education and elimination of risk factors for oral diseases. The obtained results of clinical trials do not rule out the likelihood of auto-infections of the respiratory system originating from periodontal tissues, which, in CF patients, may adversely affect the general state of health and conducted therapy.
Learning Deep Matrix Representations

We present a new distributed representation in deep neural nets wherein the information is represented in native form as a matrix. This differs from current neural architectures that rely on vector representations. We consider matrices as central to the architecture and they compose the input, hidden and output layers. The model representation is more compact and elegant -- the number of parameters grows only with the largest dimension of the incoming layer rather than the number of hidden units. We derive several new deep networks: (i) feed-forward nets that map an input matrix into an output matrix, (ii) recurrent nets which map a sequence of input matrices into a sequence of output matrices. We also reinterpret existing models for (iii) memory-augmented networks and (iv) graphs using matrix notations. For graphs we demonstrate how the new notations lead to simple but effective extensions with multiple attentions. Extensive experiments on handwritten digits recognition, face reconstruction, sequence to sequence learning, EEG classification, and graph-based node classification demonstrate the efficacy and compactness of the matrix architectures.
Spinal V2b neurons reveal a role for ipsilateral inhibition in speed control

The spinal cord contains a diverse array of interneurons that govern motor output. Traditionally, models of spinal circuits have emphasized the role of inhibition in enforcing reciprocal alternation between left and right sides or flexors and extensors. However, recent work has shown that inhibition also increases coincident with excitation during contraction. Here, using larval zebrafish, we investigate the V2b (Gata3+) class of neurons, which contribute to flexor-extensor alternation but are otherwise poorly understood. Using newly generated transgenic lines we define two stable subclasses with distinct neurotransmitter and morphological properties. These two V2b subclasses make direct synapses onto motor neurons with differential targeting to slower and faster circuits. In vivo, optogenetic suppression of V2b activity leads to increases in locomotor speed. We conclude that V2b neurons exert speed-specific influence over axial motor circuits throughout the rostrocaudal axis. Together, these results indicate a new role for ipsilateral inhibition in speed control.
The effects of exercise modalities on adiposity in obese rats

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of both swimming and resistance training on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 expression, adipocyte area and lipid profiles in rats fed a high-fat diet. METHODS: The study was conducted over an eight-week period on Wistar adult rats, who were divided into six groups as follows (n = 10 per group): sedentary chow diet, sedentary high-fat diet, swimming plus chow diet, swimming plus high-fat diet, resistance training plus chow diet, and resistance training plus high-fat diet. Rats in the resistance training groups climbed a vertical ladder with weights on their tails once every three days. The swimming groups swam for 60 minutes/day, five days/week. RESULTS: The high-fat diet groups had higher body weights, a greater amount of adipose tissue, and higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in the visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, the high-fat diet promoted a negative change in the lipid profile. In the resistance training high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower than that in the swimming high-fat and sedentary high-fat groups. Moreover, smaller visceral and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were found in the resistance training high-fat group than in the sedentary high-fat group. In the swimming high-fat group, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression was lower and the epididymal and retroperitoneal adipocyte areas were smaller compared with the sedentary high-fat group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that both exercise modalities improved the lipid profile, adiposity and obesity-associated inflammation in rats, suggesting their use as an alternative to control the deleterious effects of a high-fat diet in humans.
Optimizing Interrupt-Driven Embedded Software

Software for embedded microcontroller units (MCUs) represents both an interesting opportunity and a difficult challenge for compiler optimization. Since these systems tend to be small—often limited to a few KB of on-chip RAM—highly aggressive techniques are feasible and worthwhile. On the other hand, the effectiveness of traditional dataflow analyses is limited by their inability to cope with interrupt-driven concurrency and the direct interaction of embedded software with hardware devices. We present an integrated collection of static analysis techniques that leads to effective, wholeprogram optimization of C code running on MCUs. Our first main contribution is a technique supporting whole-program dataflow analysis in the presence of interrupt-driven concurrency. This model is based on an automatic classification of each data element in a system based on its role in concurrent execution, followed by an analysis that efficiently approximates the effects of preemptions by interrupt handlers. Our second contribution is a technique for flowing data through volatile-qualified objects in MCU software, which can be backed by either RAM or device registers. We implemented our dataflow framework in a tool called cXprop. As a standalone optimizer, cXprop can reduce code size of sensor network programs based on TinyOS by 12%, while reducing their CPU usage by 8.3%. We have also used cXprop as a crucial enabler for two other projects. First, we used its analysis to drive offline RAM compression, reducing the RAM requirements of TinyOS applications by an average of 22%. Second, we used cXprop’s analysis of concurrency to greatly increase the efficiency of Safe TinyOS, our project to provide memory safety to sensor net applications.
An adaptive consistency maintenance approach for replicated continuous applications

Consistency maintenance is a key problem to replicated continuous applications and dead reckoning (DR) algorithm is widely used in this area. In order to eliminate short-term inconsistency caused by DR algorithm, local-lag approach was proposed. For the purpose of simplicity, fixed lag value is used by local-lag approach and the performance of the approach is greatly deteriorated. In this paper, an adaptive consistency maintenance approach, which is based on local-lag approach, is proposed. The new approach can adjust lag value according to the estimated typical network latency. In order to ensure the criterion of consistency correctness, a lag value adjustment method is also proposed. Through two experiments, the performance of the new approach is evaluated and the results indicate that it is feasible and can greatly improve the performance of the application.