Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building the Capacity of States to Ensure Inclusion of Rural Communities in State and Local Primary Violence Prevention Planning

Rural, frontier, and geographically isolated communities face unique challenges associated with ensuring that they are equal partners in capacity-building and prevention planning processes at the state and local level despite barriers that can inhibit participation. By their nature, rural, frontier, and geographically isolated communities and states experience geographical isolation from planning partners and differential funding and staffing for prevention programming, as compared to urban or metropolitan states and local communities. At the same time, rural populations can face heightened risk associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) that intensifies the need to promote an inclusive primary prevention planning process that allows equal access of remote stakeholders to decision making related to prevention programming. This article presents a case study of two states to examine challenges and innovative solutions associated with ensuring inclusivity of rural and frontier communities in the Enhancing and Making Programs Work to End Rape and Domestic Violence Prevention Enhancements and Leadership Through Alliances violence prevention programs. Challenges associated with inclusion of rural communities in the planning process are presented, such as difficulty associated with participation due to geographic isolation. Innovative solutions, such as the use of technology designed to decrease these barriers that were used to bring together practitioners and state planners in these communities, are also presented. In addition, difficulties in ensuring that strategies are relevant to local culture are discussed.
Determinants of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of muscle glycogen synthase

Muscle glycogen synthase (MGS) presents a nuclear speckled pattern in primary cultured human muscle and in 3T3‐L1 cells deprived of glucose and with depleted glycogen reserves. Nuclear accumulation of the enzyme correlates inversely with cellular glycogen content. Although the glucose‐induced export of MGS from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is blocked by leptomycin B, and therefore mediated by CRM1, no nuclear export signal was identified in the sequence of the protein. Deletion analysis shows that the region comprising amino acids 555–633 of human MGS, which encompasses an Arg‐rich cluster involved in the allosteric activation of the enzyme by Glc6P, is crucial for its nuclear concentration and aggregation. Mutation of these Arg residues, which desensitizes the enzyme towards Glc6P, interferes with its nuclear accumulation. In contrast, the known phosphorylation sites of MGS that regulate its activity are not involved in the control of its subcellular distribution. Nuclear human MGS colocalizes with the promyelocytic leukaemia oncoprotein and p80‐coilin, a marker of Cajal bodies. The subnuclear distribution of MGS is altered by incubation with transcription inhibitors. These observations suggest that, in addition to its metabolic function, MGS may participate in nuclear processes.
Globalisation, the challenge of educational synchronisation and teacher education

In this article, we set out from the challenge that globalising synchronisation – usually exemplified by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and World Bank initiatives – presents for education to argue that the time–space compression effected by globalisation must educationally be dealt with with caution, critical vigilance and a broadening of educational theoretical outlooks. We focus on the demands this raises upon the teacher as a researcher and a critical thinker and claim that meeting such demands presupposes some curricular enrichment of teacher education. We suggest two theoretical frameworks that can effect such enrichment and be made relevant to a critique of the globalising educational synchronisation, namely, the charge of developmentalism and the capabilities approach (Sen, Nussbaum) to equality. We conclude with some indications of the need for a reformulated notion of cosmopolitanism that should be contrasted with those globalising practices that often appear in cosmopolitan guise.
The Conserved ATPase Get3/Arr4 Modulates the Activity of Membrane-Associated Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The regulation of cellular membrane dynamics is crucial for maintaining proper cell growth and division. The Cdc48-Npl4-Ufd1 complex is required for several regulated membrane-associated processes as part of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, including ER-associated degradation and the control of lipid composition in yeast. In this study we report the results of a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for extragenic suppressors of a temperature-sensitive npl4 allele and the subsequent analysis of one suppressor, GET3/ARR4. The GET3 gene encodes an ATPase with homology to the regulatory component of the bacterial arsenic pump. Mutants of GET3 rescue several phenotypes of the npl4 mutant and transcription of GET3 is coregulated with the proteasome, illustrating a functional relationship between GET3 and NPL4 in the ubiquitin–proteasome system. We have further found that Get3 biochemically interacts with the trans-membrane domain proteins Get1/Mdm39 and Get2/Rmd7 and that Δget3 is able to suppress phenotypes of get1 and get2 mutants, including sporulation defects. In combination, our characterization of GET3 genetic and biochemical interactions with NPL4, GET1, and GET2 implicates Get3 in multiple membrane-dependent pathways.
Combining learning approaches for incremental on-line parsing

This paper discusses the integration of two different machine learning approaches to modeling language, NL-Soar and analogical modeling (AM). The resulting hybrid system is capable of functionality that is not possible when using only one of the systems in isolation. After a brief introduction of each system, an explanation is given of how AM is used to provide information useful to NL-Soar for two tasks. Examples are given, and related issues are outlined.
Sequential Activity in Asymmetrically Coupled Winner-Take-All Circuits

Understanding the sequence generation and learning mechanisms used by recurrent neural networks in the nervous system is an important problem that has been studied extensively. However, most of the models proposed in the literature are either not compatible with neuroanatomy and neurophysiology experimental findings, or are not robust to noise and rely on fine tuning of the parameters. In this work, we propose a novel model of sequence learning and generation that is based on the interactions among multiple asymmetrically coupled winner-take-all (WTA) circuits. The network architecture is consistent with mammalian cortical connectivity data and uses realistic neuronal and synaptic dynamics that give rise to noise-robust patterns of sequential activity. The novel aspect of the network we propose lies in its ability to produce robust patterns of sequential activity that can be halted, resumed, and readily modulated by external input, and in its ability to make use of realistic plastic synapses to learn and reproduce the arbitrary input-imposed sequential patterns. Sequential activity takes the form of a single activity bump that stably propagates through multiple WTA circuits along one of a number of possible paths. Because the network can be configured to either generate spontaneous sequences or wait for external inputs to trigger a transition in the sequence, it provides the basis for creating state-dependent perception-action loops. We first analyze a rate-based approximation of the proposed spiking network to highlight the relevant features of the network dynamics and then show numerical simulation results with spiking neurons, realistic conductance-based synapses, and spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) rules to validate the rate-based model.
Enhancing adaptation during treatment and the role of individual differences

With increased effectiveness of medical treatment for cancer, greater attention has been directed to the quality of life of cancer patients and cancer survivors. Work on this topic is aimed at better understanding the determinants of quality of life and creating ways to optimize these outcomes. Insights from many disciplines inform this effort. For example, personality psychology suggests bases for naturally occurring differences in resilience but also suggests ways to enhance adaptation and promote greater resilience. The author's current work relies on a view of individuals as goal‐seeking beings whose efforts toward desired outcomes are threatened by diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Some react to such adversity with increased efforts, others with a giving‐up response. This difference promotes differences in emotional well being. The author's group is focused on enhancing adaptation and providing patients with skills for stress management that permit patients to remain engaged in the pursuits that form their lives. This stress‐management intervention has reduced the prevalence of depression among breast cancer patients and has increased the extent to which they report positive sequelae from cancer. The latter effect also has been related to differential reduction in cortisol. Ongoing work is examining well being in longer term survivors, including the effects of this intervention and the possibility that the intervention will have positive consequences for physical health. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
WLC35-5: User-Aided Adaptive TDMA for Real-Time Services in an OFDM Based Cellular System

In this paper, a user-aided adaptive TDMA (UAAT) algorithm is developed for real-time services to improve the system efficiency of OFDM based cellular networks. In the UAAT scheme, a subchannel is shared by multiple users adaptively in a TDMA manner based on their instantaneous channel conditions. The system efficiency is improved dramatically by applying adaptive modulation schemes to all real-time users and using each subchannel more efficiently. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with that of other resource allocation schemes. Results show that the proposed algorithm provides up to 100% improvement in the system efficiency or, equivalently, the user capacity of OFDM based cellular networks.
Determining the Functions of HIV-1 Tat and a Second Magnesium Ion in the CDK9/Cyclin T1 Complex: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study

The current paradigm of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulation based on the well-established CDK2 has been recently expanded. The determination of CDK9 crystal structures suggests the requirement of an additional regulatory protein, such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat, to exert its physiological functions. In most kinases, the exact number and roles of the cofactor metal ions remain unappreciated, and the repertoire has thus gained increasing attention recently. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were implemented on CDK9 to explore the functional roles of HIV-1 Tat and the second Mg2+ ion at site 1 (Mg1 2+). The simulations unveiled that binding of HIV-1 Tat to CDK9 not only stabilized hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) between ATP and hinge residues Asp104 and Cys106, as well as between ATP and invariant Lys48, but also facilitated the salt bridge network pertaining to the phosphorylated Thr186 at the activation loop. By contrast, these H-bonds cannot be formed in CDK9 owing to the absence of HIV-1 Tat. MD simulations further revealed that the Mg1 2+ ion, coupled with the Mg2 2+ ion, anchored to the triphosphate moiety of ATP in its catalytic competent conformation. This observation indicates the requirement of the Mg1 2+ ion for CDK9 to realize its function. Overall, the introduction of HIV-1 Tat and Mg1 2+ ion resulted in the active site architectural characteristics of phosphorylated CDK9. These data highlighted the functional roles of HIV-1 Tat and Mg1 2+ ion in the regulation of CDK9 activity, which contributes an important complementary understanding of CDK molecular underpinnings.
Olive Leaf Extract Improves the Atherogenic Lipid Profile in Rats Fed a High Cholesterol Diet

Coronary heart disease because of atherosclerosis is still the most common cause of mortality. Elevated levels of low‐density lipoprotein and total cholesterol are major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the olive leaf extract on serum lipid profile, early changes of atherosclerosis and endothelium‐dependent relaxations in cholesterol‐fed rats. For this purpose, rats were fed by 2% cholesterol‐enriched or standard chow for 8 weeks. Some rats in each group were also fed orally by olive leaf extract at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day. Atorvastatin at dose of 20 mg/kg of body weight daily was also given as positive control. After 8 weeks, lipid profiles of rat serums were analyzed. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and degree of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels) were also measured in the hearts isolated from rats. In addition, expression of adhesion molecules and endothelium‐dependent relaxations of isolated thoracic aortas of rats were evaluated. Total cholesterol and LDL‐cholesterol levels were found to be increased in cholesterol‐fed rats, and both doses of olive leaf extract and atorvastatin significantly decreased those levels. In conclusion, because the olive leaf extract attenuates the increased cholesterol levels, it may have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated building generalization based on urban morphology and Gestalt theory

Building generalization is a difficult operation due to the complexity of the spatial distribution of buildings and for reasons of spatial recognition. In this study, building generalization is decomposed into two steps, i.e. building grouping and generalization execution. The neighbourhood model in urban morphology provides global constraints for guiding the global partitioning of building sets on the whole map by means of roads and rivers, by which enclaves, blocks, superblocks or neighbourhoods are formed; whereas the local constraints from Gestalt principles provide criteria for the further grouping of enclaves, blocks, superblocks and/or neighbourhoods. In the grouping process, graph theory, Delaunay triangulation and the Voronoi diagram are employed as supporting techniques. After grouping, some useful information, such as the sum of the building's area, the mean separation and the standard deviation of the separation of buildings, is attached to each group. By means of the attached information, an appropriate operation is selected to generalize the corresponding groups. Indeed, the methodology described brings together a number of well-developed theories/techniques, including graph theory, Delaunay triangulation, the Voronoi diagram, urban morphology and Gestalt theory, in such a way that multiscale products can be derived.
ED-JOIN: AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR SIMILARITY JOINS WITH EDIT DISTANCE CONSTRAINTS

Similarity join is a fundamental operation in many application areas, such as data integration and cleaning, bioinformatics, and patte rn r cognition. In this project, we implement an efficient algorithm for similarity joi n with edit distance constraints. Current approaches are mainly that the edit distance constr ai t is converted to a weaker constraint on number of matching q-grams between pair of strin gs. In our project, we exploit a novel perspective of investigating mismatching q-gr am. We derive two new edit distance lower bounds by analyzing the locations and content s of mismatching q-grams. A new algorithm, Ed-Join, is proposed that exploits the n ew mismatch-based filtering methods; it achieves substantial reduction of the candidate siz s and hence saves computation time.
Structure Sharing in Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammars

We present a scheme for efficiently representing a lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (LTAG). The proposed representational scheme allows for structure-sharing between lexical entries and the trees associated with the lexical items. A compact organization is achieved by organizing the lexicon in a hierarchical fashion and using inheritance as well as by using lexical and syntactic rules.While different organizations (Flickinger, 1987; Pollard and Sag, 1987; Shieber, 1986) of the lexicon have been proposed, in the scheme we propose, the inheritance hierarchy not only provides structure-sharing of lexical information but also of the associated elementary trees of extended domain of locality. Furthermore, the lexical and syntactic rules can be used to derive new elementary trees from the default structures specified in the hierarchical lexicon.In the envisaged scheme, the use of a hierarchical lexicon and of lexical and syntactic rules for lexicalized tree-adjoining grammars will capture important linguistic generalizations and also allows for a space efficient representation of the grammar. This will allow for easy maintenance and facilitate updates to the grammar.
A λ/2 loop antenna for GPS application in mini-laptop

The proposed antenna design was suit for GPS ( Global Positioning System ) application in mini-laptop terminal. It was consisted of six elements, including system ground plane, antenna ground plane, clearance area, U-shaped loop strip, shored point, and a 50 ΩRF feeding cable. Due to extending by cable, the proposed antenna can be regarded as an extended antenna. The resonant mechanism was excited by the U-shaped loop strip which total current length is about λ/2 at 1.575 GHz to meet the requirements of the GPS reception. For total thickness, the proposed design has very low profile, less than 10 mm. For related antenna performance, the impedance bandwidth can be reached up to 120 MHz@10 dB which can provide a highly tolerance for assembly and the polarized behavior is also tending toward RHCP which is helpful for GPS signal reception. In addition, the proposed design has a good immunity to resist the detuning by nearby metal devices such as I/O connectors, speaker, and CCD etc. Detailed analysis and explanation will be presented.
Loneliness in Childhood and Adolescence: The Conceptualization and Measurement of Childhood Loneliness

Work on childhood loneliness has been fairly late in coming to the field, partly because, until recently, it has been a commonly held view that children are not susceptible to feelings of loneliness. However, recent work (see Rotenberg, this volume) has demonstrated that these assumptions are incorrect and that even young children can, and do, experience loneliness. Given this recognition, it becomes important to consider how children's feelings of loneliness can best be assessed. The present chapter examines three of the currently available childhood loneliness measures in terms of their utility, the psychometric properties of each, and the interrelationships among them. However, because measurement approaches are derived from theory, it is first appropriate to begin with a brief overview of theoretical arguments regarding loneliness and then turn to how these conceptual notions have been operationalized in terms of efforts to assess loneliness in childhood. Theories of Loneliness in the Adult Literature Within the adult literature, two major theories of loneliness have gained prominence over the past 25 years: the social needs theory and the cognitive processes approach. Social Needs Theory The social needs theory (Bowlby, 1973; Sullivan, 1953; Weiss, 1973, 1974) suggests that loneliness is a response to a relational deficit that gives rise to a yearning for the insufficient relationship. “The longing for interpersonal intimacy stays with every human being from infancy throughout life; and there is no human being who is not threatened by its loss. … The human being is born with the need for contact and tenderness” (Fromm-Reichmann, 1980, p. 342).
Induction of Protective Immunity to Listeria monocytogenes with Dendritic Cells Retrovirally Transduced with a Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitope Minigene

ABSTRACT In the present study, we developed a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope minigene-transduced dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes. Murine bone marrow-derived DCs were retrovirally transduced with a minigene for listeriolysin O (LLO) 91-99, a dominant CTL epitope of L. monocytogenes, and were injected into BALB/c mice intravenously. We found that the DC vaccine was capable of generating peptide-specific CD8+ T cells exhibiting LLO 91-99-specific cytotoxic activity and gamma interferon production, leading to induction of protective immunity to the bacterium. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the retrovirally transduced DC vaccine was more effective than a CTL epitope peptide-pulsed DC vaccine and a minigene DNA vaccine for eliciting antilisterial immunity. These results provide an alternative strategy in which retrovirally transduced DCs are used to design vaccines against intracellular pathogens.
Gambling among young Thai people in Melbourne, Australia: an exploratory study

The purpose of the study reported in this paper was to explore the gambling behaviours of young Thai people resident in Melbourne, Australia; the meaning that gambling had for this group; whether the attitudes of these young Thai people towards gambling changed as a result of their location in a society with more relaxed attitudes towards gambling than in Thailand; whether any such changes of attitude were reflected in gambling participation; and whether such participation had demonstrably negative impacts. It was also hoped to gain some insight into whether pre-existing beliefs and attitudes provided a protective factor in relation to the respondent's gambling. Fifty young people aged 18 to 25, forming five natural friendship networks, were observed on over 180 occasions in relation to their gambling and leisure behaviours. A number of major themes were identified from the observational data including money, fortune and luck, consumerism, entertainment, spirituality and superstition, gambling and family values. It was found that despite high levels of gambling participation there was little, if any, evidence of problematic play or its consequences. Strong adherence to values espoused in families of origin and to complex beliefs about luck in the context of beliefs about spirituality and the location of gambling within the context of a range of leisure pursuits served as protective factors for these young people.