Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by intravenously administered polyclonal immunoglobulins.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in Lewis rats either by active immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) or by adoptive transfer using anti-MBP specific CD4(+)T cells. Treatment with human polyclonal immunoglobulins (IgG) effectively suppressed active EAE. Time-dependent experiments demonstrated that the effect of IgG was manifested only when treatment was given immediately after immunization; administration from day 7 after disease induction did not suppress the disease. In the adoptive transfer model of EAE, IgG had no effect in vivo. However, pretreatment in vitro of the antigen-specific T-cells with IgG inhibited their ability to mediate adoptive EAE, as it did in active EAE. Similarly, in vitro IgG pretreatment of the antigen-specific T-cells suppressed the proliferative response to MBP. Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) analysis demonstrated the binding of IgG to activated T-cell lines that was inhibited by soluble Fc molecules. The differential effects of IgG on active EAE and on the adoptive transfer of EAE suggest that IgG in vivo can suppress disease by acting during the early phase of the immune response which involves naive T cells. The inhibition of T-cell proliferation and adoptive transfer of EAE by incubation of T cells in vitro appears to require higher concentrations of IgG than those obtained in vivo.
Crystal structure of mandipropamid

In the title compound, C23H22ClNO4 (systematic name: (RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-{2-[3-methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]ethyl}-2-(prop-2-ynyloxy)acetamide), an amide fungicide, the dihedral angle between the chlorobenzene and benzene rings is 65.36 (6)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds lead to zigzag supramolecular chains along the c axis (glide symmetry). These are connected into layers by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π interactions; the layers stack along the a axis with no specific intermolecular interactions between them.
The perceived value of the shopping: The case of Tunisian brands specialized in cosmetics

This research aims to understand how the typology of perceived value proposed by Holbrook (1999) can be applied to the context of specialized brands. It is to identify the dimensions of the value perceived by the consumer during his shopping activity in a specialized store. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, this research could develop a reliable and valid scale of 3 dimensions: interactions with staff, efficiency and esteem. Key-words: shopping experience, perceived value, value scale, Churchill paradigm.
Analysis of persistent bounded disturbance rejection for neutral delay systems ∗

Abstract-This paper deals with the problem of persistent bounded disturbance rejection for uncertain neutral delay systems. Using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional method, we establish sufficient conditions in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) that simultaneously ensure ρ-performance and stability (delay-dependent and delay-independent). Particulary, for the delay-dependent case, an estimation of admissible maximum delay bound is established in terms of a generalized eigenvalue problem which can be solved with the efficient LMI toolbox. Similarly, we study the corresponding problem for the neutral delay systems with norm uncertainty. Finally, a numerical example is worked out to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
The Long-Term Performance of Electrically Charged Filters in a Ventilation System

The efficiency and pressure drop of filters made from polyolefin fibers carrying electrical charges were compared with efficiency and pressure drop for filters made from uncharged glass fibers to determine if the efficiency of the charged filters changed with use. Thirty glass fiber filters and 30 polyolefin fiber filters were placed in different, but nearly identical, air-handling units that supplied outside air to a large building. Using two kinds of real-time aerosol counting and sizing instruments, the efficiency of both sets of filters was measured repeatedly for more than 19 weeks while the air-handling units operated almost continuously. Pressure drop was recorded by the ventilation system's computer control. Measurements showed that the efficiency of the glass fiber filters remained almost constant with time. However, the charged polyolefin fiber filters exhibited large efficiency reductions with time before the efficiency began to increase again toward the end of the test. For particles 0.6 μm in diameter, the efficiency of the polyolefin fiber filters declined from 85% to 45% after 11 weeks before recovering to 65% at the end of the test. The pressure drops of the glass fiber filters increased by about 0.40 in. H 2 O, whereas the pressure drop of the polyolefin fiber filters increased by only 0.28 in. H 2 O. The results indicate that dust loading reduces the effectiveness of electrical charges on filter fibers.
POINTS OF BOUNDED HEIGHT ON ALGEBRAIC VARIETIES

Introduction 1 1. Heights on the projective space 3 1.1. Basic height function 3 1.2. Height function on the projective space 5 1.3. Behavior under maps 7 2. Heights on varieties 9 2.1. Divisors 9 2.2. Heights 13 3. Conjectures 19 3.1. Zeta functions and counting 19 3.2. Height zeta function 20 3.3. Results and methods 22 3.4. Examples 24 4. Compactifications of Semi-Simple Groups 26 4.1. A Concrete Counting Problem 27 4.2. Connection to Manin’s conjecture 34 References 37
Mitigating renewable Energy Generation uncertainty by Deadline Differentiated Pricing

Electric vehicles are an important option to enable sustainable individual mobility. In order to leverage this potential, electricity for charging of electric vehicles needs to be provided by local renewable energy sources. Information systems can enable an efficient coordination of demand and supply in this setting. Forecast errors regarding energy generation from these sources are common but can be addressed by temporal flexibility of electric vehicle charging. We use a pricing scheme called deadline differentiated pricing that incentivizes customers to accept job shifting of their charging processes. This approach is applied on a specific use case: A city car park offers charging spots for electric vehicles that is supplied by both a local photovoltaic system and conventionally from the grid. We evaluate the impact of energy generation forecast errors on operator profits based on the formulation of a stochastic mixed-integer optimization problem and empirical mobility and generation data. We show that deadline differentiated pricing is resilient to inaccurate forecasts for photovoltaic energy generation. Deadline differentiated pricing increases profits in all investigated scenarios by at least 8% as compared to a simple pricing approach. Additionally, it can increase the share of charging demand covered by renewable energy by up to 17%.
Burial and the dead in ancient Egyptian society

Ancient Egypt offers a paradigm contrast between ideals of respectful care for the dead, on the one hand, and realities of medium- and long-term neglect, destruction and reuse on the other. Ideals are expressed in normative mortuary monuments and in texts; the archaeological record, together with relatively few skeptical texts, testifies to realities. Death was as socially riven as the realm of the living. Vast amounts were invested in royal and elite monuments, while cemeteries as a whole cannot account for more than a fraction of the population. Preservation of the body was essential for conventional conceptions of an afterlife - often envisaged to take place away from the tomb - but embalming practices cannot have been required for all. The contradictions implied by divergences from the ideal were negotiated over very long periods. Such processes of accommodation may be particularly necessary in complex societies and civilizations. They emphasize that, even if the actors may present the matter otherwise, treatment of the dead relates as much to the living as to the deceased.
Analysis and comparison of feature detection and matching algorithms for rovers vision navigation

In rovers' vision navigation, feature detection and matching algorithm is an important factor affecting navigation precision and speed. Harris, SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) and SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features) are three commonly used feature detection and matching algorithms. Harris has been widely used in engineering application with high stability. SIFT is an efficient way to solve large scale changes of images in rovers' movement. It has high robustness and location precision. SURF is a speed-up algorithm of SIFT. In this paper, the cost of time, amount of features, amount of matching points and ratio of false match of these three methods mentioned above are studied and compared by experiments. Simulation shows that, Harris has the highest execution efficiency, while its false match rate is higher in large scale changes. SIFT can extract a great deal features and has the highest correct matching rate, but also has the longest computing time. SURF is much faster than SIFT, simultaneously having the same performance, which is the best method considering comprehensive performance.
Muscle power output during escape responses in an Antarctic fish

Escape responses (C-shaped fast-starts) were filmed at 500 frames s-1 in the Antarctic rock cod (Notothenia coriiceps) at 0 °C. The activation and strain patterns of the superficial fast myotomal muscle were measured simultaneously using electromyography and sonomicrometry respectively. In order to bend the body into the initial C-shape, the muscle fibres in the rostral myotomes (at 0.35L, where L is total length) shortened by up to 13 % of their resting length at a maximum velocity of 1.68 fibre lengths s-1. During the contralateral contraction, muscle fibres were stretched (by 5 % and 7 % at 0.35L and 0.65L, respectively) and were activated prior to the end of lengthening, before shortening by up to 12 % of resting fibre length (peak-to-peak strain). Representative strain records were digitised to create cyclical events corresponding to the C-bend and contralateral contraction. Isolated fibres were subjected to the abstracted strain cycles and stimulated at the same point and for the same duration as occurs in vivo. During the early phase of shortening, muscle shortening velocity (V) increased dramatically whilst the load was relatively constant and represented a substantial fraction of the maximum isometric stress. Pre-stretch of active muscle was associated with significant force enhancement. For the contralateral contraction, V exceeded that predicted by the steady-state force­velocity relationship for considerable periods during each tailbeat, contributing to relatively high maximum instantaneous power outputs of up to 290 W kg-1 wet muscle mass. In vitro experiments, involving adjusting strain, cycle duration and stimulation parameters, indicated that in vivo muscle fibres produce close to their maximum power. During escape responses, the maximum velocity and acceleration recorded from the centre of gravity of the fish were 0.71±0.03 m s-1 and 17.1±1.4 m s-2, respectively (mean ± s.e.m., N=7 fish). Muscle performance was sufficient to produce maximum velocities and accelerations that were within the lower end of the range reported for temperate-zone fish.
An interior point method based on continuous Newton's method for optimal power flow

A variant of primal-dual interior point method (PDIPM) based on continuous Newton's method is proposed. In the new algorithm, the Newton's method in PDIPM is replaced with continuous Newton's method. The solution of the nonlinear equations of KKT conditions is transformed to solve a set of autonomous ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, many numerical integration methods (e.g., Runge-Kutta formulas) are used to calculate the formulation of continuous Newton's method. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm for solving optimal power flow (OPF) in comparison to PDIPM. The proposed method provides better ability to converge. It is more robust and stable than PDIPM especially under the stressed circumstance of large scale systems.
Isolation and characterisation of human proximal tubular cells derived from kidney cortical segments

1 Human renal proximal tubular cells (HPTC) were isolat ed by collagenase digestion and purified following fil tration and isopycnic Percoll density centrifugation. This method used cortical tissue obtained from surgical nephrectomies and was both rapid and simple, provid ing a preparation of cells with high viability (> 93 ± 3%) and recovery (16 ± 7 x 106 cells g-1 of cortical tissue). 2 Characterisation of the isolated cells showed that, in terms of morphology, enzyme profile, transport systems and hormonal responsiveness, they were > 95% proxi mal tubular. The transport systems obeyed Michaelis- Menten kinetics, with the kinetic parameters of the glu cose transport system (Km= 2.5mM, Vmax = 7.7 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein) suggesting a higher proportion of PT cells originating from the S1-S2 segment of the nephron. Isolated HPTC also maintained levels of reduced glu tathione (GSH) (11.9 ± 3.2 nmol mg-1 protein) and exhib ited cytochrome P450-dependent activity, levels of spectrally determined P450 being 0.22 ± 0.07 nmol mg-1 protein. 3 These results demonstrate the isolation of a viable and functioning homogeneous preparation of HPTC from cortical tissue, with potential for use in short term phar macological, physiological and toxicological studies.
Design of optimal disturbance rejection PID controllers using genetic algorithms

This paper presents a method to design an optimal disturbance rejection PID controller. First, a condition for disturbance rejection of a control system-H/sub /spl infin//-norm-is described. Second, the design is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. It consists of minimizing a performance index, i.e., the integral of the time weighted squared error subject to the disturbance rejection constraint. A new method employing two genetic algorithms (GA) is developed for solving the constraint optimization problem. The method is tested by a design example of a PID controller for a servomotor system. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance and validity of the method.
An NLP penalty-based strategy for handling discrete controls for Volt/Var optimization in distribution systems

This paper proposes a nonlinear programming (NLP) penalty-based strategy for solving the Volt/Var optimization (VVO) problem in distribution systems, formulated in a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) form. The VVO consists, basically, in determining the settings of the control variables of switched capacitor banks and on-load tap changer (OLTC) transformers located at substations to minimize daily energy losses. For this, the original problem is modified as a multi-period NLP problem with continuous and discrete variables. In the proposed approach, for solving such a problem, the discrete variables are considered as continuous in the modified problem. Numerical tests with 69 and 135-bus distribution systems were carried out in this study. Then, the obtained results were compared with the ones obtained from the continuous relaxation of the original problem and the rounded-off solutions. This strategy applied to the resolution of the VVO problem provides good feasible solutions for the original MINLP problem.
NimbRo TeenSize 2013 Team Description

This document describes the RoboCup Humanoid League team NimbRo TeenSize of Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Germany, as required by the qualication procedure for the com- petition to be held in Eindhoven in June 2013. Our team uses self- constructed robots for playing soccer. This paper describes the mechan- ical and electrical design of the robots. It also covers the software used for perception and behavior control.
Effect of Combined Motion on Force Transmission of a Flexible Instrument

The force transmission of a flexible instrument through an endoscope is deteriorated due to friction between the contacting surfaces. Friction force along the axial direction can be reduced by combining the translation motion input with rotational motion input at the proximal end of the instrument. The effect of the combined motion on the force transmission is studied for a flexible instrument through a curved rigid tube. A mathematical formula is derived for the reduction in friction force along the axial direction due to the combined motion input. The force transmission of a flexible instrument through a curved rigid tube is analysed using the capstan equation. The ratio of the input and output forces is compared for the combined motion with that of the translation motion only. A ratioζ is defined to measure the reduction in the friction force along the axial direction due to the combined motion input. The analytical result shows the reduction in the friction force for the combined motion input. A flexible multibody model is set up and various simulations are performed with different motion inputs. The simulation result showed a reduction in the value of ζ in accordance with the analytical result for the given velocity ratio. The results are further validated with the experimental results. The simulation and experimental results show an agreement with the analytical solutions. The knowledge of force transmission with a combination of motions can be used to increase the force fidelity of a flexible instrument in applications like robotic surgery with
Analysis of supercapacitor connection to PV power conditioning systems for improoved performance

PV generation systems are characterized by the variability of the power produced due to environmental conditions and changing sun irradiance. In addition, PV panels do not have overload capability and therefore they cannot supply power above their maximum power points during load transients. To solve these issues the use of energy buffer elements such as Supercapacitors has been proposed, which can provide energy to ride through short term generation reduction due to passing clouds or panel shading and can release energy during load transients, thus improving panel characteristics. In this paper analysis of different possible connection points of Supercapacitor banks to a power conditioning system for PV applications has been done. It is shown analytically that the use of an additional DC-DC Converter to connect the supercapacitors to the power conditioner DC-link is the most advantageous option in terms of system performance. Results are validated through computer simulations.
The Evolution of Prenatal Diagnosis from Invasive Procedures to Non-invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT)

Yuval Yaron1,2,*, and Rachel Michaelson-Cohen3,4 1Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel 2Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel 3Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 4Medical Genetics Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel *Corresponding author: Yuval Yaron, Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis Unit, Genetic Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, 64239, Israel, Tel: +972-3-6974704; Fax: +972-3-6974555; E-mail: yuvaly@tlvmc.gov. il
A 24GHz signal generator with 30.8 dBm output power based on a power amplifier with 24.7 dBm output power and 31% PAE in SiGe

High-frequency systems such as mm-wave radar transmitters and LO/RF chains in vector network analyzers (VNAs) often require the generation of signals with high output power. While these systems benefit considerably from the reduction in size and weight provided by SiGe integration, their output power must be further increased in order to meet the performance of other technologies (e.g. GaAs). To this end, a SiGe signal generator was developed that achieves 28.7 dBm peak output power with 21.9% of PAE and over 27.4 dBm of output power over its whole frequency range from 19.7 GHz to 28.2 GHz. The output power is scalable with DC current up to a maximum of 30.8 dBm with 17.6% PAE. It is based on a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), power amplifier cells (PA cells) and lumped-element Wilkinson power combiners/dividers. Its phase noise is less than -94 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset over the entire frequency range. The developed single PA cell achieves a maximum saturated output power Psat of 24.7 dBm with a peak PAE of 31%.
Empirical Malware Research through Observation of System Behaviour

Behavioural analysis has become an important method of today's malware research. Malicious software is executed inside a controlled environment where its runtime behaviour can be studied. Recently, we proposed the concept of not only observing individual executables but a computer system as a whole. The basic idea is to identify malware by detecting anomalies in the way a system behaves. In this paper we discuss our methodology for empirical malware research and highlight its strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we explain the challenges we faced during our research and describe our lessons learned.
Microglandular adenosis of the breast: A clinicopathologic study of 11 cases with ultrastructural observations*

&NA; The clinical and pathologic features of 11 examples of microglandular adenosis of the breast are presented. Microglandular adenosis is a rare, benign lesion that is easily confused with carcinoma. It is characterized by a concentrated proliferation of round glands with open lumens in a densely homogeneous stroma that clearly delineates microglandular adenosis from the adjacent uninvolved breast. The glands are lined by a single layer of cells with distinctly vacuolated or granular cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, the single layer of epithelial cells lacks cytoplasmic protrusions and is surrounded by a thick multilayered basement membrane. Light‐ and electronmicroscopic features that help distinguish microglandular adenosis from well‐differentiated (tubular) carcinoma and sclerosing adenosis, entities with which it is easily confused, are discussed.
Action observers implicitly expect actors to act goal‐coherently, even if they do not: An fMRI study

Actions observed in everyday life normally consist of one person performing sequences of goal‐directed actions. The present fMRI study tested the hypotheses that observers are influenced by the actor's identity, even when this information is task‐irrelevant, and that this information shapes their expectation on subsequent actions of the same actor. Participants watched short video clips of action steps that either pertained to a common action with an overarching goal or not, and were performed by either one or by varying actors (2 × 2 design). Independent of goal coherence, actor coherence elicited activation in dorsolateral and ventromedial frontal cortex, together pointing to a spontaneous attempt to integrate all actions performed by one actor. Interestingly, watching an actor performing unrelated actions elicited additional activation in left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting a search in semantic memory in an attempt to construct an overarching goal that can reconcile the disparate action steps with a coherent intention. Post‐experimental surveys indicate that these processes occur mostly unconsciously. Findings strongly suggest a spontaneous expectation bias toward actor‐related episodes in action observers, and hence to the immense impact of actor information on action observation. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2178–2190, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.