Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects for Funargs

Stack allocation and first-class functions don't naturally mix together. In this paper we show that a type and effect system can be the detergent that helps these features form a nice emulsion. Our interest in this problem comes from our work on the Chapel language, but this problem is also relevant to lambda expressions in C++ and blocks in Objective C. The difficulty in mixing first-class functions and stack allocation is a tension between safety, efficiency, and simplicity. To preserve safety, one must worry about functions outliving the variables they reference: the classic upward funarg problem. There are systems which regain safety but lose programmer-predictable efficiency, and ones that provide both safety and efficiency, but give up simplicity by exposing regions to the programmer. In this paper we present a simple design that combines a type and effect system, for safety, with function-local storage, for control over efficiency.
MODEL: moving object detection and localization in wireless networks based on small-scale fading

This paper presents a new Moving Object Detection and Localization (MODEL) system, which is based on the smallscale fading of RF signal strength and independent from the salient characteristics of both the device and the sensor. We first validated the feasibility of applying small-scale fading effects to moving object detection and localization through experimental analysis. Then, we introduced MODEL: an embedded network system which adopts an easily-realized Rolling-Window algorithm. We applied the Region-Partition method to determine the position of the moving object, and concluded that the precision of the object position is dependant upon the density of participating nodes. MODEL is also scalable to other wireless network infrastructures and adaptable to various environments without the need for complex and time consuming training.
LOP-cursor: Fast and precise interaction with tiled displays using one hand and levels of precision

We present levels of precision (LOP) cursor, a metaphor for high precision pointing and simultaneous cursor controlling using commodity mobile devices. The LOP-cursor uses a two levels of precision representation that can be combined to access low and high resolution of input. It provides a constrained area of high resolution input and a broader area of lower input resolution, offering the possibility of working with a two legs cursor using only one hand. LOP-cursor is designed for interaction with large high resolution displays, e.g. display walls, and distributed screens/computers scenarios. This paper presents the design of the cursor, the implementation of a prototype, and user evaluation experiments showing that our method allows both, the acquisition of small targets, and fast interaction while using simultaneous cursors in a comfortable manner. Targets smaller than 0.3 cm can be selected by users at distances over 1.5 m from the screen with minimum effort.
Comparison of procedures for fitting the autoregressive order of a vector error correction model

This paper investigates the lag length selection problem of a vector error correction model by using a convergent information criterion and tools based on the Box–Pierce methodology recently proposed in the literature. The performances of these approaches for selecting the optimal lag length are compared via Monte Carlo experiments. The effects of misspecified deterministic trend or cointegrating rank on the lag length selection are studied. Noting that processes often exhibit nonlinearities, the cases of iid and conditionally heteroscedastic errors will be considered. Strategies that can avoid misleading situations are proposed.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE NAKED-EYE GRB 080319B: IMPLICATIONS OF NATURE'S BRIGHTEST EXPLOSION

The first gamma-ray burst (GRB) confirmed to be bright enough to be seen with the naked eye, GRB 080319B at redshift z = 0.937, allowed for exquisite follow-up observations across the electromagnetic spectrum. We present our detailed optical and infrared (IR) observations of the afterglow, consisting of over 5000 images starting 51 s after the GRB trigger, in concert with our own analysis of the Swift UVOT, Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), and XRT data. The event is extreme not only in observed properties but also intrinsically: it was the most luminous event ever recorded at optical and IR wavelengths and had an exceedingly high isotropic-equivalent energy release in γ-rays. At early times, the afterglow evolution is broadly consistent with being reverse-shock dominated, but then is subsumed by a forward shock at around 1000 s. The overall spectral energy distribution, spanning from ultraviolet through near-IR wavelengths, shows no evidence for a significant amount of dust extinction in the host frame. The afterglow evolution, however, is highly chromatic: starting at about 1000 s the index shifts blueward before shifting back to the red at late times. In our deepest late-time observations, we find tentative evidence for an optical jet break and a luminous supernova. Finally, we examine the detectability of such events with current and future facilities and find that such an event could be detected in gamma rays by BAT out to z = 10.7 (8σ), while the nominal EXIST sensitivity would allow detection to z ≈ 32. At the K band, this source would have been easily detected with meter-class telescopes to z ≈ 17.
CMUML System for KBP 2013 Slot Filling

In this paper, we present an overview of the CMUML system for KBP 2013 English Slot Filling (SF) task. The system used a combination of distant supervision, stacked generalization and CRF-based structured prediction. Recently available anchor text data was also used for better entity matching. The system takes a modular approach so that independently developed semantic annotators can be effectively integrated without needing target ontology-specific retraining. While precision can of course be improved, the system turned out to be particularly conservative in its predictions resulting in lower recall. In addition to the main submission, we also made publicly available1 automatically tagged semantic categories of about 13 million noun phrases extracted from the KBP 2013 source corpus.
The impact of integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching of preschool children in Kiambu West Sub-County

: Preschool learning has faced numerous challenges which have raised concerns among preschool education stakeholders. Preschool learners have registered and continued to register dismal grades in basic numeracy, language and creativity skills. Thus, the study examined the influence of teachers’ instructional practices on preschool learning in Kiambu West Sub-county, Kiambu County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to examine the impact of integration of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the teaching of preschool children in Kiambu West Sub-County. This study based on instructional, learning and cognitive theories by Piaget. The study adopted mixed methods approach, concurrent triangulation design. Target population comprised of 80 head teachers, 187 preschool teachers and 240 parents’ representatives all totaling to 507. Using the Central Limit Theorem, a sample of 10 preschools and 86 respondents were selected. Stratified sampling was applied to create 5 strata based on number of zones. From each zone, 2 head teachers and 11 preschool teachers were selected using purposive sampling. 4 parents’ representatives were selected using simple random sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect data from preschool teachers, interview schedules were used
Performance Evaluation Of An Adaptive Ram-dfe Read Channel

The bit error rate (BER) performance of a 54 Mbps RAM-Decision feedback equalizer (RAM-DFE) read channel for magnetic hard-disk drives is evaluated. A controlled test environment allows comparison of measured BER to the performance predicted by a model of the equalizer and channel. Implementational effects are found to degrade performance 0.6 dB in relation to theory. Measurements also show a 0.2 dB loss due to error propagation at 10/sup -8/ BER with the probability of a 30 bit burst, given a single decision error, to be less than 10/sup -5/. A simple Markov model of the error propagation process corroborates the findings. Finally, the RAM-DFE read channel is compared to a partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) detector of similar complexity on a spin-stand running with a thin-film head and media. The RAM-DFE exhibits a measured 25 fold decrease in BER over the PRML system on a wide range of densities. >
Educational beliefs development with pre- and in-service teachers using Perry's model: a cross-cultural study

Contrary to the prevailing thinking about beliefs change, Perry (1970), in his model of “Intellectual and Ethical Development”, described structural cognitive and ethical changes that take place during students’ experiences in university education. The research reported here used Johnstone’s (1998) adaptation of Perry’s (1970) scheme of “Intellectual and Ethical Development” to investigate pre- and in-service teachers’ belief change, to examine whether teachers’ beliefs are rooted in a Victorian system and whether they are facilitators or inhibitors of educational change? Using quantitative and qualitative approaches, the current study traced the development of the beliefs of cross sectional groups of pre- and in-service teachers, identified the factors and the influences that in-service teachers perceived to be of great effect on changing their belief profiles and uncovered teachers’ perceptions of what could be the leverage points of educational change. These examinations were conducted in two cultural settings: Egypt and Scotland. Findings confirmed that the beliefs of pre- and in-service teachers do change over time. These changes followed various patterns. In some groups, the change identified contradicted the change anticipated by Perry in his model. Furthermore, major contextual barriers to belief change and interpretation have been identified. Despite the collective effect of these barriers, teachers singled out current curriculum and assessment frameworks as the greatest barriers to changing beliefs and practices. Recommendations include a process of personal and systemic change as a means to achieve the paradigm shift necessary to develop the beliefs in accord with 21st century education reform; provision of specifically designed teacher education programmes and the development of professional development modules.
A Markovian Approach for Automatic Web Query Classification

Internet users largely rely on search engines for their information needs. This makes the classification of queries into the user intended topical categories as the need of the hour for the efficient retrieval of information. In web search engines the required web page is not always obtained as the first search result. In this paper, we have used the Hidden Markov Model which classifies the user intent into a target category. In the HMM model each node of a graph represents the hidden state which may be any one of the 67 categories as proposed by 2005 KDD Cup. The most probable target category that can be the hidden state for a given query is then obtained using the Viterbi algorithm on the HMM model with the given observations.
Mathematical Models and Numerical Methods for Bose-Einstein Condensation

The achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in ultracold vapors of alkali atoms has given enormous impulse to the theoretical and experimental study of dilute atomic gases in condensed quantum states inside magnetic traps and optical lattices. This article offers a short survey on mathematical models and theories as well as numerical methods for BEC based on the mean field theory. We start with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE) in three dimensions (3D) for modeling one-component BEC of the weakly interacting bosons, scale it to obtain a three-parameter model and show how to reduce it to two dimensions (2D) and one dimension (1D) GPEs in certain limiting regimes. Mathematical theories and numerical methods for ground states and dynamics of BEC are provided. Extensions to GPE with an angular momentum rotation term for a rotating BEC, to GPE with long-range anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction for a dipolar BEC and to coupled GPEs for spin-orbit coupled BECs are discussed. Finally, some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are discussed.
Grammatical Error Detection Based on Machine Learning for Mandarin as Second Language Learning

Mandarin is not simple language for foreigner. Even using Mandarin as the mother tongue, they have to spend more time to learn when they were child. The following issues are the reason why causes learning problem. First, the word is envolved by Hieroglyphic. So a character can express meanings independently, but become a word has another semantic. Second, the Mandarin’s grammars have flexible rule and special usage. Therefore, the common grammatical errors can classify to missing, redundant, selection and disorder. In this paper, we proposed the structure of the Recurrent Neural Networks using Long Short-term memory (RNN-LSTM). It can detect the error type from the foreign learner writing. The features based on the word vector and part-of-speech vector. In the test data found that our method in the detection level of recall better than the others, even as high as 0.9755. That is because we give the possibility of greater choice in detecting errors.
Modeling and robust adaptive control of a 3-axis motion simulator

In this paper, the development of a 3-axis motion simulator is described. The simulator is used to test and calibrate certain spacecraft instruments within a hardware-in-the-loop environment. A mathematical electromechanical model of the simulator is developed. Moreover, a novel robust adaptive nonlinear control law for the simulator is developed based on Lyapunov stability theory. The controller can be made adaptable to constant unknown parameters as well as robust to unknown but bounded fast varying disturbances. The motion simulator actuators are permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the efficacy of the proposed control system and the validity of the mathematical model of the simulator.
Nuclear sizes and the isotope shift

Darwin-Foldy nuclear-size corrections in electronic atoms and nuclear radii are discussed from the nuclear-physics perspective. The interpretation of precise isotope-shift measurements is formalism dependent, and care must be exercised in interpreting these results and those obtained from relativistic electron scattering from nuclei. We strongly advocate that the entire nuclear-charge operator be used in calculating nuclear-size corrections in atoms rather than relegating portions of it to the nonradiative recoil corrections. A preliminary examination of the intrinsic deuteron radius obtained from isotope-shift measurements suggests the presence of small meson-exchange currents (exotic binding contributions of relativistic order) in the nuclear charge operator, which contribute approximately $\frac{1}{2}$%.
Coreference and Anaphoric Annotations for Spontaneous Speech Corpora In French

This paper presents a corpus-based analysis of coreference and anaphoric relations in French spontaneous conversational speech. It presents the annotation task and two experiments on this corpus (gender and number agreement, definite descriptions as first mention of new dis- course entities) which aim at assessing the relevancy of current anaphora solvers on spontaneous speech.
Application of Bayesian networks for pattern recognition: Character recognition case

Pattern recognition is a wide field in progress. In particular, handwriting recognition has known a great development in the recent years. Several solutions have been directed towards the use of Bayesian networks, which have shown their ability to solve complex problems in many areas, and that is thanks to their ability to model inaccuracies, which are lacunae highly present in the manuscript field. In this paper, we recall the basics of these networks and the difficulties come across in their learning and inference algorithms to make a good decision. We present a state of using the BNs and especially RBDs in the pattern recognition and more exactly in the character recognition. We show, through the various considered works, the contribution of this technique in solving the limitations of the Markov models and its ability to represent efficiently the temporal notion and the dependencies between the variables during the writing process. Moreover, we retain the recorded limitations and some development perspectives.
Free-form textured surfaces registration by a frequency domain technique

Free-form 3-D surfaces registration is a fundamental problem in 3-D imaging, typically approached by extensions or variations of the ICP algorithm. This work presents a new frequency domain technique for 3-D view registration, totally different form any other techniques for 3-D motion estimation also, based on the Fourier transform. The proposed method can give a non-feature-based method for unsupervised registration of 3-D views. The obtained results are useful "per se" in applications targeted to visual quality or can serve as good starting point for the ICP algorithm when a higher precision is needed.
An efficient method for vehicle license plate xtraction

License Plate Recognition (LPR) is a machine vision technology used to identify vehicles by their license plates without direct human intervention. This paper presents an efficient license plate extraction method which is mainly designed for Malaysian license plates recognition. Besides, it can be readily extended to cope with license plates of other countries, especially those using Latin characters. Our method is capable of extracting license plates in a concise manner, it works well on different types of Malaysian license plates and fast enough to be used in real-time. The method has been tested over a large number of images in order to analyze its performance. The test results, demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient to be used for the license plate recognition system.
Comparison study of maximum power point tracker techniques for PV systems

These techniques vary in many aspects as simplicity, digital or analogical implementation, sensor required, convergence speed, range of effectiveness, implementation hardware, popularity, cost and in other aspects. This paper presents in details comparative study between two most popular algorithms technique which is incremental conductance algorithm and perturb and observe algorithm. Three different converter buck, boost and cuk converter use for comparative in this study. Few comparison such as efficiency, voltage, current and power out put for each different combination has been recorded. Multi changes in irradiance, temperature by keeping voltage and current as main sensed parameter been done in the simulation. Matlab simulink tools have been used for performance evaluation on energy point. Simulation will consider different solar irradiance and temperature variations.
A Circular Visualization Technique for Collaboration and Quantifying Self

People awareness in various contexts has been widely considered in the literature. A form of awareness is the quantification of self, which requires a number of conditions to be implemented. The most important are: producing, computing and making sense of data. Sensors produce data at very high rates. A lot of research, in the field of data bases, has focused on how to store and compute data efficiently. Data presentation is still challenging, because the possibilities of producing interactive visualizations on the Web and on different devices are increasing. The contribution of this demo paper is to propose a visualization technique and a web-based tool enabling the visualization of personal data produced during the 24 hours of the day. The aim of this tool is to help people to understand their own behavior. Such data can also be compared with other people's data to improve the analysis. This demo focuses on two main contexts: visualizing working data of a group of people living in different time zones in order to improve the awareness of the behavior of the group; visualizing energy consumption data in order to provide an idea of the behavior of people in the domestic context. The data for the first example are gathered from the activity people perform with their computer (e.g. email, chat, keyboard strokes) while the data of the second context are gathered from a low-cost Arduino device capable of providing instant electricity consumption information.
An antibiotic policy for bacterial infections after thoracic and other injuries

Atherton, S. T. , Wright, D. M. , White, D. J., and Jones, E. S. (1977). Thorax,32, 596-600. An antibiotic policy for bacterial infections after thoracic and other injuries. Twenty-four patients suffering from thoracic and other injuries were admitted to an intensive care unit over a three-year period. The first four patients died from infection by Gram-negative bacilli with associated features of bacterial toxaemia although it was anticipated that most, if not all, of the patients would have recovered with intensive care. Antibiotics had been started when a patient showed signs of bacterial toxaemia but were ineffective. Retrospective analysis showed that, in each patient, a rapid rise in rectal temperature, white cell count, and blood sugar preceded the clinical features of bacterial toxaemia by one or two days. These observations were incorporated into an antibiotic policy for patients with similar injuries. The criteria for starting two or three wide spectrum antibiotics were as follows: (1) Gram-negative bacilli in the tracheal aspirate together with radiological evidence of consolidation or absorption collapse; (ii) two of the following three signs—a rectal temperature of 38·5°C or more, a white blood cell count of 11·0 × 109/l or above, a blood glucose of 11·2 mmol/l or above; (iii) laparotomy. This policy was tested out over two years on 20 patients with thoracic and other injuries. Sixteen of the patients fulfilled the criteria for antibiotic therapy. Two of the six deaths were due to bacterial infection with toxaemia, a result which suggests that the policy was beneficial.
Classification of power system security state in presence of fluctuating in-feed in operational planning

Due to political targets, the share of fluctuating in-feed of the total electricity generation is substantial in many countries today. Maybe the most common sources of fluctuating in-feed are wind generation and photovoltaic. These fluctuations cause challenges for transmission system operators to maintain security in the system. In order to study the system security state in operational planning, the transmission system operator has to take the fluctuations into account. This paper presents a method to classify the power system security state in the operational planning in presence of fluctuating in-feed. The method proposed gives the probability for every power system security state at the moment of supply using available production plans and forecasts in operational planning. The method has been illustrated by using one area of the IEEE RTS-96 test system.