Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variability of the transitional T Tauri star T Chamaeleontis

Context. It is known that for solar-mass stars planet formation begins in a circumstellar disc. The study of transitional objects exhibiting clear signs of evolution in their discs, such as the growth of dust particles and beginning of disc dispersal, is fundamental to understanding the processes governing dust-grain coagulation and the onset of planet formation. Aims. We attempt to characterise the physical properties of T Chamaeleontis, a transitional T Tauri star showing UX Ori-type variability, and of its associated disc, and probe the possible effects of disc-clearing processes. Methods. Different spectral diagnostics were examined, based on a rich collection of optical high- and low-resolution spectra. The cross-correlation technique was used to determine radial and projected rotational velocities, shape changes of photospheric lines were analysed via bisector-method applied to the cross-correlation profile, and the equivalent widths of both the Li i λ6708 A photospheric absorption and the most prominent emission lines (e.g., Hα ,H β and [Oi] 6300 A) were measured. Variability in the main emission features was inspected by means of line-profile correlation matrices. Available optical and near-infrared photometry combined with infrared data from public catalogues was used to construct the spectral energy distribution (SED) and infer basic stellar and disc properties. Results. Remarkable variability on timescale of days in the main emission lines, Hα changing from pure emission to nearly photospheric absorption, is correlated with variations in visual extinction of over three magnitudes, while the photospheric absorption spectrum shows no major changes. The strength of emission in Hα and Hβ is highly variable and well correlated with that of the [Oi] lines. The structure of the Hα line-profile also varies on a daily time-span, while the absence of continuum veiling suggests very low or no mass accretion. Variations of up to nearly 10 km s −1 in the radial velocity of the star are measured on analogous timescales, but with no apparent periodicity. SED modelling confirms the existence of a gap in the disc. Conclusions. Variable circumstellar extinction is inferred to be responsible for the conspicuous variations observed in the stellar continuum flux and for concomitant changes in the emission features by contrast effect. Clumpy structures, incorporating large dust grains and orbiting the star within a few tenths of AU, obscure episodically the star and, eventually, part of the inner circumstellar zone, while the bulk of the hydrogen-line emitting-zone and outer low-density wind region traced by the [Oi] remain unaffected. In agreement with this scenario, the detected radial velocity changes are also explainable in terms of clumpy material transiting and partially obscuring the star.
Research on Three-Dimensional Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network

As a kind of brand-new information acquisition and the processing technology, the wireless sensor network has great significance in application and scientific research in many fields. But the node localization information plays a key role in the application of wireless sensor network. In view of the present situation that the two-dimensional plane node localization algorithm is difficult to be practiced in the three-dimensional space, three-dimensional localization algorithm (TDLA) has been proposed in this paper. Simulations indicate that TDLA can carry out localization on sensor node in the three-dimensional space effectively and turns to be one kind of localization methods which can be applicable.
Brain Mechanism for Enhanced Hand Function with Remote Sensory Stimulation

ii LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF TABLES . ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . x CHAPTER 1 . 1 1.1 Research objectives . 3 1.2 Innovations . 4 1.3 Outline . 5 CHAPTER 2 . 6 2.
Rumination in posttraumatic stress and growth after a natural disaster: a model from northern Chile 2014 earthquakes

Background Traumatic experiences, such as natural disasters, produce multiple and serious impacts on people. Despite the traditional focus on negative consequences, in many cases there are also positive consequences, such as posttraumatic growth. Tedeschi and Calhoun proposed a model of posttraumatic growth that emphasizes the role of rumination after the basic beliefs breakdown due to the occurrence of a traumatic experience. Method A total of 238 volunteers affected by two major earthquakes and tsunami alerts in northern Chile on April 1 and 2, 2014, responded to an online survey measuring subjective severity, basic beliefs change, social share of emotion, rumination, posttraumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth. Results Path analyses reveal that posttraumatic stress goes through a negative change in basic beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberated rumination, meanwhile posttraumatic growth is only achieved directly from a positive change in basic beliefs and deliberated rumination. Discussion The model is consistent with the empirical model obtained in Chilean people affected by the earthquake and tsunami that occurred on 27 February, 2010, but it is slightly different and in a form that is more consistent with Tedeschi and Calhoun’s theoretical model. Both models remark on the role of deliberated rumination in posttraumatic growth and failure to progress from intrusive to deliberated rumination in posttraumatic stress, but the proposed one is more parsimonious and assumes subjective severity as an antecedent to basic belief changes. These conclusions must be considered in light of limitations that a cross-sectional design and the correlational nature of the statistical analysis carried out impose. Highlights of the article Role of subjective severity, change of basic beliefs, social sharing of emotion, and rumination on posttraumatic stress and growth were modeled from responses of people affected by the April 1–2, 2014, northern Chilean earthquakes. Posttraumatic stress goes through negative changes in basic beliefs, intrusive rumination, and deliberated rumination. Posttraumatic growth is achieved from positive changes in basic beliefs and deliberated rumination. Deliberated rumination and moving from intrusive to deliberated rumination appear as cornerstones in posttraumatic processing.
Screening elderly cancer patients for disabilities: evaluation of study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) index and comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA).

BACKGROUND Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional tool aimed at detecting multiple age-related problems; the study of osteoporotic fractures (SOF) index is a 3-item instrument designed to measure frailty and pre-frailty status. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the accuracy of the SOF index and CGA in predicting the disability status in elderly cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥ 70 years with a confirmed diagnosis of a solid or hematologic tumor underwent both CGA and SOF assessment. The sensitivity and specificity of SOF in determining the presence of frailty were analyzed using the CGA as the reference standard. The diagnostic accuracy of SOF < 80% was considered not acceptable. RESULTS The study involved 400 patients aged ≥ 70 years (median age 77.2, range 70-97). The SOF and CGA classified, respectively, 33.2% and 31.8% of patients as fit, 67.8% and 68.2% as unfit. The SOF showed a sensibility and a specificity of 89.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 84.7-92.5] and 81.1 (73.2-87.5) with an accuracy of 86.5 (82.8-89.7). The negative predictive value (NPV) was 103/133, i.e. 77.4% (95% CI 69.4-84.2). CONCLUSIONS As the SOF proved to reach the end-point of our study, we support its use as a means of screening elderly cancer patients in everyday clinical practice.
Granzyme B mediates neurotoxicity through a G‐protein‐coupled receptor

Neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by focal regions of demyelination and axonal loss associated with infiltrating T cells. However, the role of activated T cells in causing neuronal injury remains unclear. CD4 and CD8 T cells were isolated from normal donors and polyclonally activated using plate‐bound anti‐CD3 and soluble anti‐CD28. The conditioned T cell supernatants caused toxicity to cultured human fetal neurons, which could be blocked by immunodepleting the supernatants of granzyme B (GrB). Recombinant GrB also caused toxicity in neurons by caspase‐dependent pathways but no toxicity was seen in astrocytes. The neurotoxicity was independent of perforin and could not be blocked by mannose‐6‐phosphate. However, GrB‐induced neurotoxicity was sensitive to pertussis toxin, implicating the stimulation of Giα protein‐coupled receptors. GrB caused a decrease in cAMP levels but only modest increases in intracellular calcium. The effect on intracellular calcium could be markedly potentiated by stromal‐derived factor 1α. GrB‐induced neurotoxicity could also be blocked by vitamin E and a neuroimmu‐nophilin ligand. In conclusion, GrB may be an important mediator of neuronal injury in T cell‐mediated neuroinflammatory disorders. —Wang, T. , Allie, R. , Conant, K. , Haughey, N. , Turchan‐Chelowo, J., Hahn, K. , Rosen, A. , Steiner, J., Keswani, S. , Jones, M. , Calabresi, P. A. , and Nath, A. Granzyme B mediates neurotoxicity through a G‐protein coupled receptor. FASEB J. 20, E390–E398 (2006)
Restoring Power to Teachers: The Impact of “Whole Language”

There has been an increasing interest in whole language over the past few years. Many school districts are actively promoting whole language in local curricula, teacher support groups have developed in other areas, and publishers have begun to develop whole language teaching material. Unfortunately, much of what is called whole language is simply a generic offering of some specific teaching/learning strategies which are delivered according to a "whole language formula. " Such an approach denies the best of whole language. Whole language in its essence goes beyond the simple delineation of a series of teaching strategies to describe a shift in the way in which teachers think about and practice their art. In essence the term "whole language" outlines the beginning stage of a paradigm shift. As a movement whole language encompasses prior research information then goes beyond to extend thinking about language and learning into new realms. Whole language as it develops in schools, with teachers and children, can be most aptly described through an actual story about teachers, children, learning, and dreams. Once upon a time . In one school not so very long ago one teacher decided that the only way to survive with a grade one class of twenty boys and six girls, seven of whom were born in December, was to abandon the basal reader lessons and begin planning with the children's interests in mind. There was begging, borrowing, and pleading to get sand ajnd water tables. There were raids on the library for children's books; the reader workbooks were packed safely in boxes; there was work, laughter, tears. The teacher next door came by and said, "I've just run off these dittos. Perhaps they'll help you organize your phonics program. " The first teacher smiled sweetly, accepted the offering, filed the dittos, and went on reading. The principal came by with visitors from central office. "Please close your door. It's much too disturbing for our visitors. " The teacher smiled sweetly, closed the door, and went on writing. A parent came by asking, "Why isn't Johnny in the same reader as Mary from Mrs. Smith's class? " The teacher talked quietly to mom for some time. Mom looked at the books the children were reading; mom listened to Johnny read on tape. The parent left. The teacher smiled sweetly, nodded, and the children went on dancing.
Childhood bullying victimization is associated with use of mental health services over five decades: a longitudinal nationally representative cohort study

Background Research supports robust associations between childhood bullying victimization and mental health problems in childhood/adolescence and emerging evidence shows that the impact can persist into adulthood. We examined the impact of bullying victimization on mental health service use from childhood to midlife. Method We performed secondary analysis using the National Child Development Study, the 1958 British Birth Cohort Study. We conducted analyses on 9242 participants with complete data on childhood bullying victimization and service use at midlife. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine associations between childhood bullying victimization and mental health service use at the ages of 16, 23, 33, 42 and 50 years. We estimated incidence and persistence of mental health service use over time to the age of 50 years. Results Compared with participants who were not bullied in childhood, those who were frequently bullied were more likely to use mental health services in childhood and adolescence [odds ratio (OR) 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–3.40] and also in midlife (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.10–1.55). Disparity in service use associated with childhood bullying victimization was accounted for by both incident service use through to age 33 years by a subgroup of participants, and by persistent use up to midlife. Conclusions Childhood bullying victimization adds to the pressure on an already stretched health care system. Policy and practice efforts providing support for victims of bullying could help contain public sector costs. Given constrained budgets and the long-term mental health impact on victims of bullying, early prevention strategies could be effective at limiting both individual distress and later costs.
Modulation of Protein Kinase CK2 Activity by Fragments of CFTR Encompassing F508 May Reflect Functional Links with Cystic Fibrosis Pathogenesis†

Deletion of F508 in the first nucleotide binding domain (NBD1) of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein (CFTR) is the commonest cause of cystic fibrosis (CF). Functional interactions between CFTR and CK2, a highly pleiotropic protein kinase, have been recently described which are perturbed by the F508 deletion. Here we show that both NBD1 wild type and NBD1 ΔF508 are phosphorylated in vitro by CK2 catalytic α-subunit but not by CK2 holoenzyme unless polylysine is added. MS analysis reveals that, in both NBD1 wild type and ΔF508, the phosphorylated residues are S422 and S670, while phosphorylation of S511 could not be detected. Accordingly, peptides encompassing the 500−518 sequence of CFTR are not phosphorylated by CK2; rather they inhibit CK2α catalytic activity in a manner which is not competitive with respect to the specific CK2 peptide substrate. In contrast, 500−518 peptides promote the phosphorylation of NBD1 by CK2 holoenzyme overcoming inhibition by the β-subunit. Such a stimulatory efficacy of the CFTR 500−518 peptide is dramatically enhanced by deletion of F508 and is abolished by deletion of the II507 doublet. Kinetics of NBD1 phosphorylation by CK2 holoenzyme, but not by CK2α, display a sigmoid shape denoting a positive cooperativity which is dramatically enhanced by the addition of the ΔF508 CFTR peptide. SPR analysis shows that NBD1 ΔF508 interacts more tightly than NBD1 wt with the α-subunit of CK2 and that CFTR peptides which are able to trigger NBD1 phosphorylation by CK2 holoenzyme also perturb the interaction between the α- and the β-subunits of CK2.
Emerging Concepts for Myocardial Late Gadolinium Enhancement MRI

Late gadolinium enhancement is a useful tool for scar detection, based on differences in the volume of distribution of gadolinium, an extracellular agent. The presence of fibrosis in the myocardium amenable to be detected with late gadolinium enhancement MRI is found not only in ischemic cardiomyopathy, in which it offers information regarding viability and prognosis, but also in a wide variety of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. In the following review we will discuss the methodological aspects of gadolinium-based imaging, as well as its applications and anticipated future developments.
Enhancing a logic-based information retrieval model using term similarity

Information retrieval systems tend to adopt very simple representations for the elements involved in the retrieval process. We believe that highly expressive formalisms can play a role in future retrieval systems, provided that they are complemented by successful and efficient indexing and retrieval techniques. In this work, we follow a bottomup approach in which starting from a very simplistic logic-based representation for documents, we get inspiration from popular retrieval techniques in order to articulate more expressive document representations. We show empirically that the performance of the logicbased system improves when more expressive representations are provided.
Moving cast shadow elimination based on luminance and texture features for traffic flow

A new algorithm namely moving cast shadow elimination based on luminance and texture features (MSELT) to detect moving shadows of vehicles is investigated in this paper. Different from traditional methods only performed in color space, we combine the luminance in the CIE Luv color space and texture feature to determine shadows. The proposed algorithm based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) uses the luminance weight in the CIE Luv color space to model background, do texture analysis and detect shadows. Texture analysis is performed by evaluating the gradients in the foreground with the observation that shadow regions present smooth texture characteristics. The experimental results show that this method outperforms results obtained with color space information alone, particularly in detection of vehicles which present similar luminance characteristics with shadows.
Whether power holders construe their power as responsibility or opportunity influences their tendency to take advice from others

Summary Empirical evidence suggests that power elicits a generic tendency to disregard advice. We examined different responses power holders may show in their tendency to take advice depending on the construal of power. We report a field study and an experiment among managers and other powerful professionals (Studies 1 and 2) and an experiment in which participants were assigned to a powerful role (Study 3). Across studies, we found a higher tendency to take advice among those who construed their power as a responsibility rather than as an opportunity. This effect of the construal of power on advice taking was mediated by a heightened perceived value of advice, not by decreased confidence in own judgments or sense of power. Accordingly, the increase in advice taking when power was construed as a responsibility was observed regardless of whether the advice came from subordinates (Study 1), expert advisors (Study 2), or a less powerful teammate (Study 3). This highlights the relevance of considering how power holders construe their power in order to understand their tendency to take advice from others. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survey for detecting persistently infected cattle with bovine viral diarrhea in Japan

To establish effective and efficient control measures for bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in Japan, a pilot survey on persistently infected (PI) animals in dairy farms was conducted. A total of 5,949 cattle from 79 farms in 11 prefectures were tested; seven cattle in six farms were identified as PI animals. The proportion of farms with PI animals in Japan was calculated as 7.6% (95% confidence interval: 3.1–16.4%), and proportion of cattle tested as PI animals was 0.12% (95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.25%). The presence of only one or two animals in PI positive farms suggested the application of screening tests covering almost all cattle in each farm using pooled serum or bulk milk could be effective for implementing a large-scale survey for detecting PI animals.
Security Vulnerabilities and Mitigation Strategies for Application Development

Anticipating and mitigating security threats is critical during software development. This work investigates security vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies to help software developers build secure applications. The work examines common vulnerabilities, and relevant mitigation strategies, from several perspectives, including the input environment used to supply the software with needed data, the internal data and structures used to store and retrieve the data, the algorithms and computations performed on the data, the outputs, and the extensibility and mobile software. Examining software security from these vantage points is the key to understanding the difficulty of producing secure software applications.
Community reinforcement therapy for cocaine-dependent outpatients.

OBJECTIVE To examine the contributions of community reinforcement therapy to outcome in the community reinforcement approach (CRA) + vouchers outpatient treatment for cocaine dependence. METHODS One hundred cocaine-dependent outpatients were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment conditions: CRA + vouchers or vouchers only. All patients earned incentives in the form of vouchers exchangeable for retail items contingent on cocaine-free urinalysis results during treatment weeks 1 to 12. Incentives were combined with a 24-week course of CRA therapy designed to promote healthy lifestyle changes in the CRA + vouchers condition, while incentives represented the primary treatment in the vouchers-only condition. Patient drug use and psychosocial functioning were assessed at intake and at least every 3 months for 2 years after treatment entry. RESULTS Patients treated with CRA + vouchers were retained better in treatment, used cocaine at a lower frequency during treatment but not follow-up, and reported a lower frequency of drinking to intoxication during treatment and follow-up compared with patients treated with vouchers only. Patients treated with CRA + vouchers also reported a higher frequency of days of paid employment during treatment and the initial 6 months of follow-up, decreased depressive symptoms during treatment only, and fewer hospitalizations and legal problems during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Combining CRA with vouchers had therapeutic effects on substance abuse and psychosocial functioning during treatment and posttreatment follow-up in cocaine-dependent outpatients, although effects on cocaine use appear to be limited to the treatment period.
Information Aggregation and Beliefs in Experimental Parimutuel Betting Markets

We study sequential parimutuel betting markets with asymmetrically informed bettors, using an experimental approach. In one treatment, groups of eight participants play twenty repetitions of a sequential betting game. The second treatment is identical, except that bettors are observed by other participants who assess the winning probabilities of each potential outcome. In the third treatment, the same individuals make bets and assess the winning probabilities of the outcomes. A favorite-longshot bias is observed in the first and second treatments, but does not exist in the third treatment. Information aggregation is better in the third than in the other two treatments, and contrarian betting is almost completely eliminated by the belief elicitation procedure. Making bets improves the accuracy of stated beliefs. We propose a theoretical model, the Adaptive Model, to describe individual behavior and we find that it effectively explains betting decisions, especially in the third treatment.