Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Years of Disability-Adjusted Life Gained as a Result of Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Purpose— Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) metric reflects years of healthy life lost because of living with disability and years of life lost because of premature mortality. Widely used in epidemiological analyses, DALY has not been applied to acute stroke trials. Methods— From previous studies, we derived, for each modified Rankin Scale level, disability weights, disability-linked mortality hazard ratios, and age-specific life expectancies. We then analyzed patient level data from the 2 publicly available National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator trials. For each subject, we abstracted age, treatment assignment, and 3-month modified Rankin Scale outcome and calculated the DALYs lost resulting from the qualifying stroke. Results— The disability-linked hazard ratios for premature annual mortality for a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 5 were 1.53, 1.52, 2.17, 3.18, 4.55, and 6.55, respectively. In the NINDS recombinant tissue plasminogen activator trials, DALYs (mean±SE) lost as a result of the qualifying stroke were substantially less with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator than with placebo (4.64±0.17 versus 5.91±0.21; P<0.0001), a finding that remained robust after adjustment for baseline prognostic factors. When DALYs gained were apportioned to the 29% of patients experiencing any benefit from lytic therapy, each patient gained an average of 4.4 DALYs. DALY analysis showed greater power than dichotomized modified Rankin Scale analysis in discriminating treatment effects overall and in patients ≥70 years of age. Conclusion— For patients who benefit from treatment, <3-hour thrombolytic therapy adds the equivalent of 4.4 years of healthy life, free of disability. The DALY metric provides a continuous scale that increases statistical power, is intuitively understandable, and is applicable to a wide range of conditions and treatments.
Adverse events following statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

The combination of fenofibrate with statins is a beneficial therapeutic option for patients with mixed dyslipidaemia, but concerns about adverse events (AEs) make physicians reluctant to use this combination therapy. Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 7712 patients, of statin–fenofibrate therapy versus statin alone for review. There were significant decreases in low‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol and increases in high‐density lipoprotein–cholesterol in patients receiving combination therapy compared with statin therapy alone. The incidence of aminotransferase elevations in the fenofibrate–statin therapy group was significantly higher than in the statin monotherapy group (odds ratio (OR), 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–2.37; P < 0.05). The incidence of elevated creatine kinase levels (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.63–1.23; P > 0.05), muscle‐associated AEs (OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.88–1.09; P > 0.05) and withdrawals attributed to liver and muscle dysfunction did not differ significantly between the two groups. The efficacy of fenofibrate + standard‐dose statin and incidence of AEs in the fenofibrate + standard‐dose statin group were almost identical to those in the fenofibrate–statin group. In conclusion, combination therapy improves the blood lipid profile of patients. Fenofibrate–statin combination therapy appears to be as well tolerated as statin monotherapy. Physicians should consider fenofibrate–statin combination therapy in patients but monitor aminotransferase levels to avoid hepatic complications.
The Ethical Challenges of Publishing Twitter Data for Research Dissemination

Empirical research involving the analysis of Internet-based data raises a number of ethical challenges. One instance of this is the analysis of Twitter data, in particular when specific tweets are reproduced for the purposes of dissemination. Although Twitter is an open platform it is possible to question whether this provides a sufficient ethical justification to collect, analyse and reproduce tweets for the purposes of research or whether it is necessary to also undertake specific informed consent procedures. This paper reports on an ethics consultation that formed part of a wider research study and that aimed to identify best practice procedures for the publication of Twitter data in research findings. We focus largely on the UK context and draw on the outcomes of the consultation to highlight the range and depth of ethical issues that arise in this area. We can see Twitter as a case study for a wide number of data sources used in Web Science. This is a highly complex landscape in which questions crystallise around fundamental principles such as informed consent, anonymisation and the minimisation of harm. Furthermore, tensions exist between commercial, regulatory and academic practices, and there are also circumstances in which good ethical practice might compromise academic integrity. There is an absence of consensus in Web science and related fields over how to resolve these issues and we argue that constructive debate is necessary in order to take a proactive approach towards good practice.
Graph Construction Based on Labeled Instances for Semi-supervised Learning

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) techniques have become very relevant since they require a small set of labeled data. In this context, graph-based algorithms have gained prominence in the area due to their capacity to exploiting, besides information about data points, the relationships among them. Moreover, data represented in graphs allow the use of collective inference (vertices can affect each other), propagation of labels (autocorrelation among neighbors) and use of neighborhood characteristics of a vertex. An important step in graph-based SSL methods is the conversion of tabular data into a weighted graph. The graph construction has a key role in the quality of the classification in graph-based methods. This paper explores a method for graph construction that uses available labeled data. We provide extensive experiments showing the proposed method has many advantages: good classification accuracy, quadratic time complexity, no sensitivity to the parameter k > 10, sparse graph formation with average degree around 2 and hub formation from the labeled points, which facilitates the propagation of labels.
Differentiating suicidal motivations and manifestations in a forensic sample

Cette recherche s'est penchee sur les associations mutidimensionnelles potentielles parmi les criteres du suicide (c'est-a-dire une tentative anterieure, l'intention de se suicider, le souhait de se suicider, la preparation au suicide) et les variables psychologiques pertinentes de facon empirique (c'est-a-dire la depression, le desespoir, les raisons fondees sur la perturbation interne, les motivations extrapunitives manipulatrices). De plus, l'importance statistique relative des variables psychologiques a egalement ete evaluee. Sur un echantillon de 235 hommes volontaires detenus en prison, trois conclusions cles sont ressorties. Premierement, les raisons fondees sur la perturbation interne pour tenter un suicide permettent de predire de facon statistique chaque critere du suicide. Deuxiemement, ces raisons ont souvent declasse le desespoir dans les criteres de prediction statistique du suicide. Troisiemement, les associations entre les criteres de suicide et les variables psychologiques etaient multidimensionnelles et non pas unidimensionnelles. En particulier, des dimensions independantes des cognitions negatives et de l'orientation d'action ont ressorti et reproduit des conclusions anterieures. Les consequences de ces resultats sont abordees.
Long Timescale fMRI Neuronal Adaptation Effects in Human Amblyopic Cortex

An investigation of long timescale (5 minutes) fMRI neuronal adaptation effects, based on retinotopic mapping and spatial frequency stimuli, is presented in this paper. A hierarchical linear model was developed to quantify the adaptation effects in the visual cortex. The analysis of data involved studying the retinotopic mapping and spatial frequency adaptation effects in the amblyopic cortex. Our results suggest that, firstly, there are many cortical regions, including V1, where neuronal adaptation effects are reduced in the cortex in response to amblyopic eye stimulation. Secondly, our results show the regional contribution is different, and it seems to start from V1 and spread to the extracortex regions. Thirdly, our results show that there is greater adaptation to broadband retinotopic mapping as opposed to narrowband spatial frequency stimulation of the amblyopic eye, and we find significant correlation between fMRI response and the magnitude of the adaptation effect, suggesting that the reduced adaptation may be a consequence of the reduced response to different stimuli reported for amblyopic eyes.
On Not Passing the Acid Test: Bad Trips and Initiation

Most psychedelic explorers have had a bad trip at one point or another. Leary and Metzner have discussed bad trips as the result of the wrong “set and setting,” and bad trips are sometimes treated as evidence of personal failure. In contrast, from a shamanic perspective, bad trips are to be expected as part of the territory of acquiring knowledge. The energy of the dark side of human nature and one's own culture arises on bad trips, and no one seeking knowledge from plant allies can avoid confronting these shadows. By immersing people in the dark side of self and culture, bad trips do what initiation always does: bring people to a state in which they do not think they can handle the situation and have to call on spiritual resources for help. In this essay, I use the myth of Inanna's descent to the Underworld as a metaphor for psychedelic journeys and shamanic dismemberment. I discuss protecting oneself, with an emphasis on the importance of community and allies when taking psychedelic journeys, using examples from my own experiences. I conclude by discussing the wisdom and healing that I believe one can bring back from the darker side of the psychedelic experience.
Nightingale: Reminiscence and Technology – From a user perspective

In this paper, we investigate a research approach for end-user engagement in the design of technologies using the “Smart Internet” which will support the elderly in the process remembering life events. The Smart Internet consists of series of smart personal assistants which interact with an intelligent environment and which are provided using an adaptive user interface. Our specific research goal in the Nightingale project is to develop non-desktop interfaces for accessing, organizing and interacting with your own suite of “personal server” devices. Prior to addressing the provision of specific applications or technologies, we address the need for involving future users in design projects and introduce methods for eliciting user requirements, wishes, and needs. One such method is realised using cultural probes allowing users to create personal impressions, elicitations and recordings in the comfort of their own homes with a minimum interference from researchers. “Visions of what technology can do for the elderly are rarely based on any comprehensive understanding of needs and in some cases are blatant technology push” [1].
ATR/Mec1 prevents lethal meiotic recombination initiation on partially replicated chromosomes in budding yeast

During gamete formation, crossover recombination must occur on replicated DNA to ensure proper chromosome segregation in the first meiotic division. We identified a Mec1/ATR- and Dbf4-dependent replication checkpoint in budding yeast that prevents the earliest stage of recombination, the programmed induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), when pre-meiotic DNA replication was delayed. The checkpoint acts through three complementary mechanisms: inhibition of Mer2 phosphorylation by Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase, preclusion of chromosomal loading of Rec114 and Mre11, and lowered abundance of the Spo11 nuclease. Without this checkpoint, cells formed DSBs on partially replicated chromosomes. Importantly, such DSBs frequently failed to be repaired and impeded further DNA synthesis, leading to a rapid loss in cell viability. We conclude that a checkpoint-dependent constraint of DSB formation to duplicated DNA is critical not only for meiotic chromosome assortment, but also to protect genome integrity during gametogenesis. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.00844. 001
A Video-based Interface for Hand-Driven Stop Motion Animation Production

Stop motion is a well-established animation technique, but its production is often laborious and requires craft skills. We present a new video-based interface which is capable of animating the vast majority of everyday objects in stop motion style in a more flexible and intuitive way. It allows animators to perform and capture motions continuously instead of breaking them into small increments and shooting one still picture per increment. More importantly, it permits direct hand manipulation without resorting to rigs, achieving more natural object control for beginners. The key component of our system is a two-phase keyframe-based capturing and processing workflow, assisted by computer vision techniques. We demonstrate that our system is efficient even for amateur animators to generate high quality stop motion animations of a wide variety of objects.
THE ROLE OF NON-MOVING FACTORS OF PRODUCTION IN BRAZILIAN REGIONAL DISPARITIES*

E comum pensar que qualquer tipo de desigualdade regional implica em ineficiencias regionais. No entanto, e possivel que essas desigualdades ocorram mesmo em condicoes de alocacao eficiente de recursos. Nestes casos, a adocao de politicas publicas corretivas pode piorar ainda mais a alocacao dos recursos. Este artigo esclarece esses conceitos e mostra que a existencia de fatores de producao nao moveis, tais como a distribuicao espacial de infra-estrutura economica nao determinada pelo mercado e localizacao dos recursos naturais, pode levar a desigualdade regional. Evidencias empiricas indicam que essas fontes desempenham um papel relevante para explicar as disparidades regionais no Brasil. Portanto, politicas publicas que pretendam reduzi-las podem aumentar a ineficiencia no pais e reduzir o bem-estar social, se nao levarem em conta esse problema.
Yeast Associated with the Ambrosia Beetle, Platypus koryoensis, the Pest of Oak Trees in Korea

Abstract Oak tree death caused by symbiosis of an ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, and an ophiostomatoid filamentous fungus, Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae, has been a nationwide problem in Korea since 2004. In this study, we surveyed the yeast species associated with P. koryoensis to better understand the diversity of fungal associates of the beetle pest. In 2009, a total of 195 yeast isolates were sampled from larvae and adult beetles (female and male) of P. koryoensis in Cheonan, Goyang, and Paju; 8 species were identified by based on their morphological, biochemical and molecular analyses. Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Candida kashinagacola were found to be the two dominant species. Among the 8 species, Candida homilentoma was a newly recorded yeast species in Korea, and thus, its mycological characteristics were described. The P. koryoensis symbiont R. quercus-mongolicae did not show extracelluar CM-cellulase, xylanase and avicelase activity that are responsible for degradation of wood structure; however, C. kashinagacola and M. guilliermondii did show the three extracellular enzymatic activities. Extracelluar CM-cellulase activity was also found in Ambrosiozyma sp. , C. homilentoma, C. kashinagacola, and Candida sp. Extracelluar pectinase activity was detected in Ambrosiozyma sp. , C. homilentoma, Candida sp. , and M. guilliermondii. All the 8 yeast species displayed compatible relationships with R. quercus-mongolicae when they were co-cultivated on yeast extract-malt extract plates. Overall, our results demonstrated that P. koryoensis carries the yeast species as a symbiotic fungal associate. This is first report of yeast diversity associated with P. koryoensis.
Size Measurement in Cost Estimation

Size estimation whose accuracy is directly related to success of software project is the key content of software project management. FPA is a method to estimate size and has been used widely, but there are many problems in it. To improve estimation accuracy, a new method is proposed which estimate sizes using FPA based on UML for objects having no similar objects in historical data and paired comparison is used for other objects. FPA based on UML is used to solve complexity of FPA, Paired comparison is used to solve problems which do not reflect the trends of today's software engineer. The analogy objects are chosen based on case-based reasoning, and the relative sizes are calculated using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for estimation by experts.
Winter Night-Warming Improves Post-anthesis Physiological Activities and Sink Strength in Relation to Grain Filling in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

The diurnal and seasonal temperature rising patterns “asymmetric warming,” plays an important role in crop distribution and productivity. Asymmetric warming during the early growth periods of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) profoundly affects vegetative growth and post-anthesis grain productivity, but the underlying physiological mechanism is still unclear. We conducted field experiments from 2012 to 2014 using two wheat cultivars, namely, Yangmai-13 (vernal type) and Yannong-19 (semi-winter type), to investigate the influences of night-warming during the winter (warming by 1.56–1.67°C from tillering to jointing) or during the spring (warming by 1.78–1.92°C from jointing to booting) on post-anthesis physiological activities and grain-filling processes. Both night-warming treatments enhanced the source activity by increasing flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic capability in both cultivars compared with those of the control. The night-warming treatments caused an increase in the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, and catalase (CAT) in the flag leaves of both cultivars, while ROS contents such as superoxide anion radical (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decreased. Moreover, the expression levels of Rubisco activase B (RcaB), major chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (Cab), chloroplast Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CAT genes were upregulated at anthesis and were associated with higher photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, night-warming improved sink activities by increasing the concentrations of grain indole-3-acetic acid and cytokinins as well as the sucrose synthase activity for both cultivars. Winter night-warming showed greater potential for improving source strength and grain filling, with consistent performance in both cultivars compared with that of spring night-warming. We concluded form these results that night-warming can improve source and sink capacities in winter wheat, and winter night-warming has greater advantages in this respect than does spring warming.
Between- and within-family association test of the dopamine receptor D2 TaqIA polymorphism and alcohol abuse and dependence in a general population sample of adults.

OBJECTIVE Dopaminergic dysfunction has been hypothesized to play an important role in the etiology of alcohol-use disorders. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of the DRD2 gene affects gene expression and has been implicated as a risk factor for alcohol dependence. This polymorphism (TaqIA) has been reported as positively associated with alcohol-use disorders in case-control samples, but these results have not been replicated in family-based association studies. The mixed results of association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and alcohol-use disorders may be the result of differences in sample size, phenotype definition, heterogeneity of the samples, and genetic admixture. METHOD We conducted tests of association in a sample of 838 adults participating in the National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS). We examined whether the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism was associated with a symptom-count measure of alcohol abuse and dependence derived from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and the Craving Withdrawal Model. RESULTS Tests of association were nonsignificant across each classification system examined. Power calculations suggested that these results were despite the ability to detect an effect size of 1%. CONCLUSIONS This study supports other family-based association tests that have reported no association between the DRD2 TaqIA polymorphism and alcohol abuse and dependence.
Combination of Feature Extraction Methods for SVM Pedestrian Detection

This paper describes a comprehensive combination of feature extraction methods for vision-based pedestrian detection in Intelligent Transportation Systems. The basic components of pedestrians are first located in the image and then combined with a support-vector-machine-based classifier. This poses the problem of pedestrian detection in real cluttered road images. Candidate pedestrians are located using a subtractive clustering attention mechanism based on stereo vision. A components-based learning approach is proposed in order to better deal with pedestrian variability, illumination conditions, partial occlusions, and rotations. Extensive comparisons have been carried out using different feature extraction methods as a key to image understanding in real traffic conditions. A database containing thousands of pedestrian samples extracted from real traffic images has been created for learning purposes at either daytime or nighttime. The results achieved to date show interesting conclusions that suggest a combination of feature extraction methods as an essential clue for enhanced detection performance
Issues in Designing a Transport Protocol for Audio and Video Conferences and other Multiparticipant Real-Time Applications

This memorandum is a companion document to the current version of the RTP protocol speci cation draft-ietf-avt-rtp-*. ftxt,psg. It discusses protocol aspects of transporting real-time services (for example, voice or video) over packet-switched networks such as the Internet. It compares and evaluates design alternatives for a real-time transport protocol, providing rationales for the design decisions made for RTP. Also covered are issues of port assignment and multicast address allocation. An appendix provides a comprehensive glossary of terms related to multimedia conferencing. This document is a product of the Audio-Video Transport working group within the Internet Engineering Task Force. Comments are solicited and should be addressed to the working group's mailing list at rem-conf@es.net and/or the author(s). INTERNET-DRAFT draft-ietf-avt-issues-02.ps May 9, 1994