Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Control Design for Rigid-Link Electrically-Driven Robot Manipulator Using RISE Feedback and Bees Algorithm

Abstract n this paper, a Robust Integral of the Sign Error (RISE) feedback controller is designed for a Rigid-Link Electrically Driven (RLED) robot manipulator actuated by direct current DC motor in presence of parametric uncertainties and additive disturbances. RISE feedback with implicitly learning capability is a continuous control method based on the Lyapunov stability analysis to compensate an additive bounded disturbance and linear in the parametric (LP) and non-linear in parametric (non-LP) uncertain dynamics through the use of a sufficiently large gain multiplied by an integral signum term. A proper selection of controller gains in predefined permitted areas for gains leads to reducing convergence time, control effort and improving performance. The Bees Algorithm that is a search procedure inspired by the foraging behavior of honey bees is used to tune the parameters of the controller to achieve the convergence. Simulation results of a two Rigid-Link Electrically-Driven Robot Manipulator verify performance of the designed controller.
Localization of the AMPA subunit GluR2 in the outer plexiform layer of goldfish retina

L‐glutamate, the photoreceptor neurotransmitter, depolarizes horizontal cells and OFF bipolar cells by ionotropic AMPA‐glutamate receptors. The AMPA‐receptor subunit (GluR4) is localized to dendrites of OFF bipolar cells in goldfish retina. Here, we used immunohistochemical techniques to identify AMPA‐receptor subunits on horizontal cell dendrites. A monoclonal antibody against rat GluR2, with high sequence homology to the recently cloned goldfish GluR2a receptor, was used for light‐ and electron‐microscopical immunocytochemistry. Light‐ and dark‐adapted retinas were analyzed, with no major difference in results. GluR2‐immunoreactivity (IR) was restricted to a narrow band in the outer plexiform layer, in which it appeared as bright dome‐shaped structures amidst numerous puncta. At the ultrastructural level, GluR2‐IR was found in horizontal cell dendrites that invaginated cones and rods. Dendrites of OFF bipolar cells were not labeled. GluR2‐IR was present mostly in horizontal cell dendrites that were the lateral elements of the triad, rather than in dendrites that were the central elements. In light‐adapted retinas, GluR2‐IR was found in many horizontal cell spinules. GluR2‐IR was observed, on occasion, in a mixed rod/cone (Mb) ON bipolar cell process that innervated rod spherules. Verification of the Mb ON bipolar cell was made by protein kinase C and metabotropic mGluR1α immunolabeling. The presence of GluR2‐IR in lateral elements suggests that lateral horizontal cell dendrites are postsynaptic to cones rather than only sites of feedback inhibition. All horizontal cell types express the GluR2 subunit, uniquely differentiating themselves from OFF bipolar cells that express the GluR4 subunit. This differentiation most likely has a major influence on the glutamate pharmacology and response kinetics of these cell types to glutamate. J. Comp. Neurol. 441:155–167, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric method to multi-mycotoxin determination in raw cereals and evaluation of matrix effects

A multi-analyte method for the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric determination of mycotoxins in crude grain extracts without clean-up has been applied to the analysis of spelt, rice and barley. Method performance characteristics were determined after spiking blank samples at multiple levels and were found to be comparable for all investigated matrices as regards linearity (linear calibration functions were obtained for all analyte/matrix combinations except for moniliformin), precision (coefficient of variations <6%) and sensitivity. Matrix-induced signal suppression/enhancement was studied in detail and varied significantly between the investigated matrices, as well as between individual samples (relative standard deviation was as high as 40% within three rice varieties) and individual toxins. It was concluded that a reliable quantitative analysis using matrix-matched calibration requires careful consideration of the model matrix, which should match the investigated samples as close as possible.
Cytochrome oxidase activity is increased in +/Lc Purkinje cells destined to die

+/Lc Purkinje cells degenerate postnatally because of a gain-of-function mutation in the δ2 glutamate receptor (Grid2) that causes a constitutive Na+ current leak. The effect of the resulting chronic depolarization on Purkinje cell metabolism was investigated by measuring levels of cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity in Purkinje cell dendrites using quantitative densitometry. Analysis of wild type controls and +/Lc mutants at P10, P15 and P25 showed that levels of COX activity were significantly increased above control levels by P15 and continued to increase through P25. The increase in COX activity is likely to reflect an increase in oxidative phosphorylation to accommodate the energy demands of removing excess Na+ and Ca2+ entering the Purkinje cells in response to the Grid2 leak current.
Vertical Structures of Precipitation in Cyclones Crossing the Oregon Cascades

Abstract The vertical structure of radar echoes in extratropical cyclones moving over the Oregon Cascade Mountains from the Pacific Ocean indicates characteristic precipitation processes in three basic storm sectors. In the early sector of a cyclone, a leading edge echo (LEE) appears aloft and descends toward the surface. Updraft cells inferred from the vertically pointing Doppler radial velocity are often absent or weak. In the middle sector the radar echo consists of a thick, vertically continuous layer extending from the mountainside up to a height of approximately 5–6 km that lasts for several hours. When the middle sector passes over the windward slope of the Cascades, the vertical structure of the precipitation exhibits a double maximum echo (DME). One maximum is associated with the radar reflectivity bright band. The second reflectivity maximum is located approximately 1–2.5 km above the bright band. The secondary reflectivity maximum aloft does not appear until the middle sector passes over the wi.
No Association between Dorsolateral Prefrontal Gray Matter Deficit and N-Acetyl Aspartate Ratios in Schizophrenia

The cellular substrates of cortical volume deficit in schizophrenia are unclear. We may hypothesize that, if that deficit was related to a decrease in the amount in neuronal tissue, it should correlate with N-acetyl aspartate levels. We studied a group of 34 schizophrenia patients (of them, 17 first episodes) with both structural and spectroscopic magnetic resonance (MR). Using the data of 50 controls, we were able to calculate for each case residuals of gray matter and cortical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) region, representing the deviation from the expected values in normals, given individual intracranial volume and age. Although our patients showed a significant deficit in gray matter and excess in cortical CSF in the DLPF region, that deficit was unrelated to N-acetyl aspartate levels. This was also true for the chronic and first episode groups analyzed separately. These results do not support a neuronal tissue deficit as contributing to the cortical volume deficit in schizophrenia, at least in the DLPF region.
Texture Generation from a Large Set of Registered Images Using Markov Random Fields

The process of texturing a 3D model from registered images is a well-known problem in 3D modeling and remote sensing. Recently large sets of registered images are common due to advances in Structure-from-Motion systems. We present a method for automatically texturing a 3D mesh from a large set of registered images. Occluding objects in the images are widely eliminated in the resulting texture by choosing one optimal source image for each triangle. Visible seams are avoided by considering neighboring triangles with a Markov Random Field approach. This allows an automatic generation of a texture while avoiding blurred textures that occur in image blending approaches. Manual intervention reduces to a fine tuning of factor weights for the image labeling process.
Scheduled Approximation and Incremental Enhancement for Accuracy-aware Personalized PageRank

As Personalized PageRank has been widely leveraged for ranking on a graph, the efficient computation of Personalized PageRank Vector (PPV) becomes a prominent issue. In this paper, we propose FastPPV, an approximate PPV computation algorithm that is incremental and accuracy-aware. Our approach hinges on a novel paradigm of scheduled approximation: the computation is partitioned and scheduled for processing in an “organized” way, such that we can gradually improve our PPV estimation in an incremental manner, and quantify the accuracy of our approximation at query time. Guided by this principle, we develop an efficient hub based realization, where we adopt the metric of hub-length to partition and schedule random walk tours so that the approximation error reduces exponentially over iterations. In addition, as tours are segmented by hubs, the shared substructures between different tours (around the same hub) can be reused to speed up query processing both within and across iterations. Given the key roles played by the hubs, we further investigate the This material is based upon work partially supported by NSF Grant IIS 1018723, the Advanced Digital Sciences Center of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies. F. Zhu · J. Ying Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China, E-mail: {zhufw, yingj}@zucc.edu. cn Y. Fang Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore E-mail: yfang@i2r.a-star.edu. sg K. C. Chang University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Advanced Digital Sciences Center, Singapore E-mail: kcchang@illinois.edu problem of hub selection. In particular, we develop a conceptual model to select hubs based on the two desirable properties of hubs–sharing and discriminating, and present several different strategies to realize the conceptual model. Finally, we evaluate FastPPV over two real-world graphs, and show that it not only significantly outperforms two state-of-the-art baselines in both online and offline phrases, but also scale well on larger graphs. In particular, we are able to achieve nearconstant time online query processing irrespective of graph size.
A qualitative measure of Jpeg compressed image

Data compression is widely used in many scientific areas and in a transparent manner in various daily life activities. Lossy data compression, eg in JPEG images, leads to the loss of part of the original information but usually not essential. In this paper we present a software system for the evaluation of the quality of compressed JPEG images. This system can act on different stages of Jpeg and allow to check the resulting change in the quality and compression.
Components of Hospital Perioperative Infrastructure Can Overcome the Weekend Effect in Urgent General Surgery Procedures.

OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that perioperative hospital resources could overcome the "weekend effect" (WE) in patients undergoing emergent/urgent surgeries. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA The WE is the observation that surgeon-independent patient outcomes are worse on the weekend compared with weekdays. The WE is often explained by differences in staffing and resources resulting in variation in care between the week and weekend. METHODS Emergent/urgent surgeries were identified using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database (Florida) from 2007 to 2011 and linked to the American Hospital Association (AHA) Annual Survey Database to determine hospital level characteristics. Extended median length of stay (LOS) on the weekend compared with the weekdays (after controlling for hospital, year, and procedure type) was selected as a surrogate for WE. RESULTS Included were 126,666 patients at 166 hospitals. A total of 17 hospitals overcame the WE during the study period. Logistic regression, controlling for patient characteristics, identified full adoption of electronic medical records (OR 4.74), home health program (OR 2.37), pain management program [odds ratio (OR) 1.48)], increased registered nurse-to-bed ratio (OR 1.44), and inpatient physical rehabilitation (OR 1.03) as resources that were predictors for overcoming the WE. The prevalence of these factors in hospitals exhibiting the WE for all 5 years of the study period were compared with those hospitals that overcame the WE (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Specific hospital resources can overcome the WE seen in urgent general surgery procedures. Improved hospital perioperative infrastructure represents an important target for overcoming disparities in surgical care.
Ethnic differences in adolescent substance initiation sequences.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate ethnic differences in the initiation sequences of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use among US high school students and to determine if ethnicity is a predictor of progression from licit to illicit substances or initiation of illicit substances before licit substances. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 1995 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. SETTING US high schools. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8550 high school students randomly selected by cluster design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Respondents were categorized based on self-reported sequence of initiating substances as follows: none, licit substances only, licit substances then illicit substances (typical), illicit substances first (reverse), and licit and illicit substances at the same time (concurrent). RESULTS Adjusting for age, maternal education, and region, progression from licit to illicit substances was significantly associated with black ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.1) and male sex (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6). Black male and Latino female students whose mothers completed at least high school were more likely than white students with similarly educated mothers to initiate illicit substances before licit substances (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.3; and OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.7-20; respectively). Similar trends were noted for the concurrent sequence. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of initiating tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use differs by ethnicity. Maternal education may be a proxy variable for other significant risk factors.
Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in relation to maternal dietary calcium intake

Abstract Objective The present study sought to examine the association between dietary Ca intake and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Design We assessed periconceptional (i.e. before conception and early pregnancy) Ca intake and consumption of foods rich in Ca using an FFQ among 3414 participants in a prospective cohort study. Diagnoses of GDM were abstracted from medical records. We used multivariable generalized linear regression models to derive estimates of relative risk (RR) for GDM and 95 % confidence intervals. Setting A prospective cohort of women in Seattle and Tacoma, WA, USA. Subjects Women (n 3414). Results A total of 169 GDM incident cases were identified in the cohort (4·96 %). Higher dietary Ca intake was inversely, although not statistically significantly, associated with GDM risk. After adjusting for confounders, the RR (95 % CI) for GDM according to successive increasing quartile of Ca intake was 1·00, 0·63 (0·41, 0·98), 0·66 (0·39, 1·11) and 0·57 (0·27, 1·21), respectively, with the lowest quartile as the reference (P trend=0·131). Compared with women in the first quartile for Ca intake, women in the higher three quartiles (≥795 v. <795 mg/d) had a 42 % (RR=0·58; 95 % CI 0·38, 0·90; P=0·015) lower GDM risk. GDM risk was inversely associated with low-fat dairy (P trend=0·032) and whole grains (P trend=0·019) consumption. Conclusions These findings suggest that higher levels of periconceptional Ca intake, particularly intake of Ca-rich low-fat dairy products and whole grains, are associated with lower GDM risk.
Uses of Nanoparticles for Central Nervous System Imaging and Therapy

SUMMARY: Applications of nanotechnology to medicine are leading to novel means of imaging living systems and of delivering therapy. Much nanotechnology research is focused on methods for imaging central nervous system functions and disease states. In this review, the principles of nanoparticle design and function are discussed with specific emphasis on applications to neuroradiology. In addition to innovative forms of imaging, this review describes therapeutic uses of nanoparticles, such as drug delivery systems, neuroprotection devices, and methods for tissue regeneration.
The efficiency of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction *

The superior efficiency of systematic sampling at all levels in stereological studies is emphasized and various commonly used ways of implementing it are briefly described. Summarizing recent theoretical and experimental studies a set of very simple estimators of efficiency are presented and illustrated with a variety of biological examples. In particular, a nomogram for predicting the necessary number of points when performing point counting is provided. The very efficient and simple unbiased estimator of the volume of an arbitrary object based on Cavalieri's principle is dealt with in some detail. The efficiency of the systematic fractionating of an object is also illustrated.
Template-based image retrieval

A classified hierarchical template matching algorithm is presented in this work. In our system, a template is first classified into one of three classes: texture, edge and low-activity. Then different features are used for each class, thereby achieving a better recognition rate than with the commonly used l/sub 2/ metric. Furthermore, a two-level hierarchical searching algorithm is designed to reduce the amount of computation. The algorithm works in both spatial and DCT domains. It can be applied to image retrieval applications where a user is interested in finding images containing a small pattern.
Retrograde Transport of KDEL-bearing B-fragment of Shiga Toxin*

To investigate retrograde transport along the biosynthetic/secretory pathway, we have constructed a recombinant Shiga toxin B-fragment carrying an N-glycosylation site and a KDEL retrieval motif at its carboxyl terminus (B-Glyc-KDEL). After incubation with HeLa cells, B-Glyc-KDEL was progressively glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and remained stably associated with this compartment. B-fragment with a nonfunctional KDEL sequence (B-Glyc-KDELGL) was glycosylated with about the same kinetics as B-Glyc-KDEL but localized at steady state to the Golgi apparatus. Morphological studies showed that B-Glyc-KDEL was delivered from the plasma membrane, via endosomes and the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, to the ER. Moreover, the addition of a sulfation site allowed us to show that B-Glyc-KDEL on transit to the ER entered the Golgi apparatus through the trans-Golgi network. Transport of B-Glyc-KDEL to the ER was slowed down by nocodazole, indicating that microtubules are important for the retrograde pathway. Our results document the existence of a continuous pathway from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum via the Golgi apparatus and show that a fully folded exogenous protein arriving in the endoplasmic reticulum via this pathway can undergo N-glycosylation.
Studies on Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities of Some Narcotic Drugs in the Energy Range 1KeV -100GeV

The effective atomic numbers and electron densities of few narcotic drugs (ND) viz., Heroin (H), Cocaine (CO), Caffeine (CA), Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabinol (CBD), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) have been calculated for total and partial photon interactions by the direct method in the wide energy range of 1 KeV-100 GeV using WinXCOM. The values of these parameters have been found to change with energy and composition of the narcotic drugs (ND). The variations of effective atomic number and electron density with energy are shown graphically for all photon interactions. The variation of photon mass attenuation coefficients with energy are shown graphically only for total photon interaction. The variation of effective atomic number Zeff and electron densities Nel is due to the variations in the dominance of different interaction processes in that particular energy region.
Comparison of three kinds of compensation algorithms based on magnetic sensors

Magnetic sensor is a key component of electronic compass used to measure the magnetic field in geomagnetic navigation. The development of high-precision three-axis vector magnetic sensor is the foundation and core of the geomagnetic navigation. To improve the accuracy of measurement, on the basis of analyzing the sensor working principle and error sources, several error models are established and the compensation algorithms are developed. Through comparison of three kinds of most commonly used compensation algorithms, including twenty four attitude algorithm, ellipsoid fitting algorithm and FLAAN algorithm, it is found that the ellipsoid fitting method is more effective and can analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each compensation method.
Applying the real options theory for identifying flexibility in project delivery of health organisations

Healthcare is influenced by many uncertainties. Uncertainties affecting health organisations also influence real estate since this facilitates the primary process. Within real estate management, decisions have to be made today while there is little knowledge about the future. Therefore, flexibility is needed in the process of designing, constructing and operating real estate. A case study has been done to gain insight about how health organisations deal with flexibility. The real options approach is used to show what types of flexibility have been used, and that uncertainty can also generate opportunities. Of the five types of flexibility, only in two types real options were identified in the case study. These were stage, abandon, defer and scale within process flexibility and the options growth and switch within product flexibility. This is partly a result of the fact that the project in the case study is not further advanced than the preliminary design phase. Nevertheless it can be concluded that project managers already act as using real options. Consciously using this concept might create even more real options to be used in project management.