Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Usage and Dose Response of a Mobile Acceptance and Commitment Therapy App: Secondary Analysis of the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Mobile phone apps offer a promising medium to deliver psychological interventions. A mobile app based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was developed and studied in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective To study usage metrics of a mobile ACT intervention and dose-response relationship between usage and improvement in psychological flexibility. Methods An RCT was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of different lifestyle interventions for overweight people with psychological stress. This paper presents a secondary analysis of the group that received an 8-week mobile ACT intervention. Most of the analyzed 74 participants were female (n=64, 86%). Their median age was 49.6 (interquartile range, IQR 45.4-55.3) years and their mean level of psychological flexibility, measured with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II, was 20.4 (95% confidence interval 18.3-22.5). Several usage metrics describing the intensity of use, usage of content, and ways of use were calculated. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the dose-response relationship between usage and the change in psychological flexibility and to identify the usage metrics with strongest association with improvement. Binary logistic regression analyses were further used to assess the role of usage metrics between those who showed improvement in psychological flexibility and those who did not. In addition, associations between usage and baseline participant characteristics were studied. Results The median number of usage sessions was 21 (IQR 11.8-35), the number of usage days was 15 (IQR 9.0-24), and the number of usage weeks was 7.0 (IQR 4.0-8.0). The participants used the mobile app for a median duration of 4.7 (IQR 3.2-7.2) hours and performed a median of 63 (IQR 46-98) exercises. There was a dose-response relationship between usage and the change in psychological flexibility. The strongest associations with psychological flexibility (results adjusted with gender, age, and baseline psychological variables) were found for lower usage of Self as context related exercises (B=0.22, P=.001) and higher intensity of use, described by the number of usage sessions (B=−0.10, P=.01), usage days (B=−0.17, P=.008), and usage weeks (B=−0.73, P=.02), the number of exercises performed (B=−0.02, P=.03), and the total duration of use (B=−0.30, P=.04). Also, higher usage of Acceptance related exercises (B=−0.18, P=.04) was associated with improvement. Active usage was associated with female gender, older age, and not owning a smart mobile phone before the study. Conclusions The results indicated that active usage of a mobile ACT intervention was associated with improved psychological flexibility. Usage metrics describing intensity of use as well as two metrics related to the usage of content were found to be most strongly associated with improvement. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01738256; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01738256 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6iTePjPLL)
A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet vs orlistat plus a low-fat diet for weight loss.

BACKGROUND Two potent weight loss therapies, a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet (LCKD) and orlistat therapy combined with a low-fat diet (O + LFD), are available to the public but, to our knowledge, have never been compared. METHODS Overweight or obese outpatients (n = 146) from the Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics in Durham, North Carolina, were randomized to either LCKD instruction (initially, <20 g of carbohydrate daily) or orlistat therapy, 120 mg orally 3 times daily, plus low-fat diet instruction (<30% energy from fat, 500-1000 kcal/d deficit) delivered at group meetings over 48 weeks. Main outcome measures were body weight, blood pressure, fasting serum lipid, and glycemic parameters. RESULTS The mean age was 52 years and mean body mass index was 39.3 (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); 72% were men, 55% were black, and 32% had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Of the study participants, 57 of the LCKD group (79%) and 65 of the O + LFD group (88%) completed measurements at 48 weeks. Weight loss was similar for the LCKD (expected mean change, -9.5%) and the O + LFD (-8.5%) (P = .60 for comparison) groups. The LCKD had a more beneficial impact than O + LFD on systolic (-5.9 vs 1.5 mm Hg) and diastolic (-4.5 vs 0.4 mm Hg) blood pressures (P < .001 for both comparisons). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels improved similarly within both groups. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels improved within the O + LFD group only, whereas glucose, insulin, and hemoglobin A(1c) levels improved within the LCKD group only; comparisons between groups, however, were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION In a sample of medical outpatients, an LCKD led to similar improvements as O + LFD for weight, serum lipid, and glycemic parameters and was more effective for lowering blood pressure. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00108524.
Entrepreneurs’ Decisions on Timing of Entry: Learning from Participation and from the Experiences of Others

Depending on the type of industry, an entrepreneur's decision of when to enter an industry may be a crucial one. The longer entrepreneurs wait, the more they learn from others. However, by waiting, they reduce their ability to learn directly and the possibility of locking in competitive advantages. We suggest that the optimal time of entry depends on the hostility of the learning environment since the latter has an impact on dimensions of performance, such as profit potential and mortality risk. The environment for entrepreneurial learning is less hostile when the information to be learned is abundant and when learning from others is relatively more effective at increasing performance than learning from participation. Our results suggest that delaying entry is desirable when the environment is less hostile. Entrepreneurs, however, cannot wait forever. We show that, under some general conditions, an optimal time of entry can be determined, and discuss the specific situations in which, instead, multiple equilibria may arise.
The robust control of PWM power amplifier by the approximate 2-degree-of-freedom digital integral-type control system

A robust PWM power amplifier whose transient response characteristics do not deteriorate against an extensive load change and/or direct-current power-supply voltage change is needed. In this paper, a method for designing a digital robust controller for PWM power amplifier which can satisfy such demands is proposed. First, a nominal model of PWM power amplifiers which consists of a PWM signal generating part, an electric power conversion part and an LC filter is derived from the linear approximation. The controlled objective is described by the discrete-time systems with consideration of the input dead time. It is shown that a digital controller can be designed in almost the same way as the previously proposed analog controller and then a 2-degree-of-freedom digital robust systems are constituted. The LC filter and the digital controller which satisfy the design specifications are determined by the proposed design method. A DSP is implemented for the digital controller obtained here. It is shown from an experiment that sufficiently robust digital control systems are realizable.
More money, new household cultural dynamics: women in micro-finance in Ghana

This article reports on research into the impacts of micro-finance on gender roles, the extent to which socio-cultural factors influence these changes, and how such changes affect the well-being of rural Bogoso households in the Wassa West District of Ghana. Findings indicated that micro-finance has changed men's and women's control over decisions and resource allocations, which consequently affected financial responsibilities and the education of children, and largely contributed to household well-being. However, the small size of the loans was a limitation. The article concludes that socio-cultural factors may promote or inhibit well-being in rural households, and that micro-finance is not a sufficient tool in itself to promote women's and households' well-being. It is recommended that if rural people's well-being matters, collaborative efforts in the appraisal, monitoring, and evaluation of micro-finance initiatives, with the government providing leadership, are imperative.
SERCA2a upregulation ameliorates cellular alternans induced by metabolic inhibition.

Cardiac alternans has been associated with the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of impaired mitochondrial function in the genesis of cellular alternans and to examine whether modulating the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)ameliorates the level of alternans. Cardiomyocytes isolated from control and doxycyline-induced sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a)-upregulated mice were loaded with two different Ca(2+)indicators to selectively measure mitochondrial and cytosolic Ca(2+)using a custom-made fluorescence photometry system. The degree of alternans was defined as the alternans ratio (AR) [1 - (small Ca(2+)intensity)/(large Ca(2+)intensity)]. Blocking of complex I and II, cytochrome-coxidase, F0F1synthase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase of the electron transport chain, increased alternans in both control and SERCA2a mice (P< 0.01). Changes in AR in SERCA2a-upregulated mice were significantly less pronounced than those observed in control in seven of nine tested conditions (P< 0.04). N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), rescued alternans in myocytes that were previously exposed to an oxidizing agent (P< 0.001). CGP, an antagonist of the mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+)exchanger, had the most severe effect on AR. Exposure to cyclosporin A, a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore reduced CGP-induced alternans (P< 0.0001). The major findings of this study are that impairment of mitochondrial Ca(2+)cycling and energy production leads to a higher amplitude of alternans in both control and SERCA2a-upregulated mice, but changes in SERCA2a-upregulated mice are less severe, indicating that SERCA2a mice are more capable of sustaining electrical stability during stress. This suggests a relationship between sarcoplasmic Ca(2+)content and mitochondrial dysfunction during alternans, which may potentially help to understand changes in Ca(2+)signaling in myocytes from diseased hearts, leading to new therapeutic targets.
Human capital enhancing HRM systems and frontline employees in Australian manufacturing SMEs

The current study seeks to answer a number of key questions concerning the strategic management of frontline employees (e.g. individuals who do not occupy an executive, managerial or supervisory role in functions such as production, maintenance, service and clerical functions) and their contributions towards the performance of small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Australia. This study adopts a human capital perspective to examine the employee and organisational performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Australia. We were also interested in seeking to examine the presence of the human resource management (HRM) function of SMEs in Australia and their contribution towards employee and firm performance. Findings from the partial least square analysis identified the antecedents and consequences of a human capital enhancing (HCE) approach for the strategic HRM of frontline employees in Australia's manufacturing industry. Strategic orientations of small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms mediate the contribution of the HRM function in adopting a set of HCE HRM systems. HCE HRM system was found to have a direct and indirect impact on manufacturing performance outcomes. Frontline employees' performance was found to mediate the impact of HCE HRM system on manufacturing performance outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in relation to the management of frontline employees in enhancing perceived employee and manufacturing performance.
On the history of normative accounting theory: paradigm lost, paradigm regained?

After a short introduction, the paper begins with an examination of early German normative accounting theories, and shows that the more recent ‘British Normative School’ too has a deliberate ethical bias. To contrast these two schools with other normative theories, a distinction between ethical-normative vs. pragmatic-normative vs. conditional-normative accounting theories (with complementary discussion) is introduced. Furthermore, the criticism of normative accounting theories (as being allegedly unsuitable as a scientific basis for an empirical discipline) by positive accounting theories is put into perspective. It is shown that for several decades a conditional-normative framework has been available that would allow factually determined means-end hypotheses to be incorporated into normative theories that conform to the empirical criteria of an applied science.
Discriminating Rangeland Management Practices Using Simulated HyspIRI, Landsat 8 OLI, Sentinel 2 MSI, and VENµS Spectral Data

This study sought to spectrally discriminate grasses grown under different management practices (i.e., mowing, grazing, fertilizer application, and burning), using field spectrometer data resampled to Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), Sentinel 2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI), and Vegetation and Environment monitoring on a new MicroSatellite (Venμs). The study is inspired by the long standing challenge of lack of suitable satellite data with high temporal, spectral, and spatial resolutions for rangelands monitoring. Specifically, this study spectrally discriminated grasses grown under 1) different rangeland management practices as well as 2) different levels of application of each practice. Results of this study show that the spectral setup of HyspIRI, Sentinel 2 MSI, Venus, and Landsat 8 OLI yielded high accuracies of up to 92%, 82%, 83%, and 75% overall accuracy, respectively, in discriminating grass grown under different rangeland management practices. The high classification accuracies were exhibited by the use of vegetation indices and wavebands located in the red edge (HyspIRI: 700, 740, and 780 nm and Sentinel 2 MSI: bands 5, 6, and 7 8a) and NIR (HyspIRI: 700, 740, and 780 nm and Sentinel 2 MSI: band 8a) spectra, respectively. Results of this study illustrate that although simulated Sentinel 2 MSI data yields lower classification accuracies when compared to HyspIRI, it offers better classification accuracies with high agreements between training and testing datasets when compared to the HyspIRI data. Overall, the findings of this study underscore the potential of upcoming satellite missions in ensuring informed rangeland monitoring and management applications.
Work–Family Conflicts and Enrichment in the Norwegian Hotel Industry

This exploratory study aims to identify and examine Norwegian hotel middle managers' issues of work–family conflicts (WFCs) and work–family enrichment (WFE). Qualitative data were collected using in-depth interviews from 12 purposively selected middle managers working in Norway, and interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed. The middle managers had experienced time-based, strain-based and behaviour-based WFCs in their workplaces, with consequent negative impacts on their work, family, physical and psychological health outcomes. However, they had encountered instrumental and affective WFE which buffered negative WFCs. They recognised that flexible and reduced work schedules, longer opening hours of childcare centres and family orientation policies could help to reduce WFCs, increase workers' organisational commitment, motivation and job satisfaction. This study concludes that WFCs have not spared the Norwegian hotel industry and recommends the need to interface work and family roles. The findings supplement existing knowledge of middle managers' WFCs and WFE by focusing on the Norwegian hotel industry.
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ROUTINES FOR INNOVATION PROJECTS: DEVELOPING A HIERARCHICAL PROCESS MODEL

In this paper we use the literature on knowledge management and innovation, together with empirical data, to develop a process model for knowledge management routines in the context of innovation projects. First we develop a high-level conceptualisation from the literature, the model characterising knowledge management as consisting of three distinct phases: Discovery, Realisation and Nurture. We then expand this three phase perspective into a model of generic knowledge management routines, reporting four contrasting, exemplar cases from a wide ranging study across business sectors. Using the notions of radical and incremental innovation in both products and processes we illustrate how the three high-level phases may be further expanded into a more detailed conceptualisation of the knowledge management process. This comprises eight generic routines: Search, Capture, Articulate, Contextualise, Apply, Evaluate, Support and Re-innovate. We derive a new description of knowledge management and discuss the practical implications of the model, including the opportunities which exist for cross-sector learning between organisations which are superficially dissimilar. We conclude that the successful management of organisational knowledge in the context of innovation requires attention to be paid to all eight generic routines and to the influence of enablers and blockers operating both inside and outside the framework of routines.
Nisin-Triggered Activity of Lys44, the Secreted Endolysin from Oenococcus oeni Phage fOg44

ABSTRACT The intrinsic resistance of Oenococcus oeni cells to the secreted endolysin from oenophage fOg44 (Lys44) was investigated. Experiments with several antimicrobials support the hypothesis that the full activity of Lys44 requires sudden ion-nonspecific dissipation of the proton motive force, an event undertaken by the fOg44 holin in the phage infection context.
Effect of CDR3 Sequences and Distal V Gene Residues in Regulating TCR–MHC Contacts and Ligand Specificity

The mature T cell repertoire has the ability to orchestrate immunity to a wide range of potential pathogen challenges. This ability stems from thymic development producing individual T cell clonotypes that express TCRs with unique patterns of Ag reactivity. The Ag specificity of TCRs is created from the combinatorial pairing of one of a set of germline encoded TCR Vα and Vβ gene segments with randomly created CDR3 sequences. How the amalgamation of germline encoded and randomly created TCR sequences results in Ag receptors with unique patterns of ligand specificity is not fully understood. Using cellular, biophysical, and structural analyses, we show that CDR3α residues can modulate the geometry in which TCRs bind peptide–MHC (pMHC), governing whether and how germline encoded TCR Vα and Vβ residues interact with MHC. In addition, a CDR1α residue that is positioned distal to the TCR–pMHC binding interface is shown to contribute to the peptide specificity of T cells. These findings demonstrate that the specificity of individual T cell clonotypes arises not only from TCR residues that create direct contacts with the pMHC, but also from a collection of indirect effects that modulate how TCR residues are used to bind pMHC.
OECD Productivity Growth in the 2000s : A Descriptive Analysis of the Impact of Sectoral Effects and Innovation

This paper brings together the latest data and OECD productivity indicators in different areas with the aim of reviewing the main productivity trends over the past decade, comparing the United States, Europe and to some extent Japan. Concerning economy wide indicators of productivity, the slowdown appears to be due to a significant slowdown in investment in information and communication technologies (ICT) followed by a decrease in multi-factor productivity (MFP). However, a new set of indicators of MFP growth by industry shows that the decline of productivity is particularly marked in sectors such as construction and market services. Looking for possible explanations of the decline, a marked slowdown in innovation emerged as the most likely cause. It concludes that, if no new wave of innovation materialises, comparable in size to the one of the late 1990s (around notably the Internet), the OECD trend productivity growth is not likely to resume at its end-1990s level. Only a recovery in innovation itself could trigger a sustainable recovery in productivity in the major OECD countries.
A genetic programming hyper-heuristic approach to automated packing

This thesis presents a programme of research which investigated a genetic programming hyper-heuristic methodology to automate the heuristic design process for one, two and three dimensional packing problems. Traditionally, heuristic search methodologies operate on a space of potential solutions to a problem. In contrast, a hyper-heuristic is a heuristic which searches a space of heuristics, rather than a solution space directly. The majority of hyper-heuristic research papers, so far, have involved selecting a heuristic, or sequence of heuristics, from a set pre-defined by the practitioner. Less well studied are hyper-heuristics which can create new heuristics, from a set of potential components. This thesis presents a genetic programming hyper-heuristic which makes it possible to automatically generate heuristics for a wide variety of packing problems. The genetic programming algorithm creates heuristics by intelligently combining components. The evolved heuristics are shown to be highly competitive with human created heuristics. The methodology is first applied to one dimensional bin packing, where the evolved heuristics are analysed to determine their quality, specialisation, robustness, and scalability. Importantly, it is shown that these heuristics are able to be reused on unseen problems. The methodology is then applied to the two dimensional packing problem to determine if automatic heuristic generation is possible for this domain. The three dimensional bin packing and knapsack problems are then addressed. It is shown that the genetic programming hyper-heuristic methodology can evolve human competitive heuristics, for the one, two, and three dimensional cases of both of these problems. No change of parameters or code is required between runs. This represents the first packing algorithm in the literature able to claim human competitive results in such a wide variety of packing domains.
The Challenges and Enhancing Opportunities of Global Project Management: Evidence from Chinese and Dutch Cross-Cultural Project Management

This study investigates the role of national and organisational culture in day-to-day activities of multinational project teams, specifically focusing on differences between Chinese and Dutch project managers. We rely on fieldwork observation and interviews with representatives from a diverse set of organizations in China and the Netherlands. Analyses focus on the impact of cultural differences on five project management processes – (1) project planning, (2) cost and quality management, (3) risk management, (4) scope management and project promises, and (5) communication. Although there are many differences observed in these five processes, research subjects report no significant impact of cross-cultural collaboration on project performance. We conclude that cross-cultural project teams can provide critical elements for an effective combination of different project management practices: people from various national and organisational cultures, enriched by different experiences and management theories, with a mix of skills. This study provides insights for those who work cross culturally (especially between western and eastern contexts) and is also a contribution to both the project management and cross-cultural management literatures.