Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Building Classiﬁers from Pattern Teams

Over the last decade, a wealth of new pattern discovery methods has been developed. Most methods implicitly assume that the result of the method is a collection of half-products: further processing is needed to turn the set of patterns into an actionable global model, for example a classiﬁer or regression model. Global modeling in this setting entails combining patterns eﬀectively and dealing with possible redundancy or conﬂicts between the patterns reported. This paper is concerned with the question of turning sets of interesting patterns into classiﬁers. Speciﬁcally, we approach the problem of building classiﬁers from pattern teams [12], a previously presented framework for selecting small but highly eﬀective subsets of patterns. We not only describe how a single classiﬁer can be constructed from the ﬁnal pattern team, but also how this procedure can be applied in a wrapper-approach to judge the quality of candidate pattern teams. Involving classiﬁers in the pattern team discovery process makes sense, because accurate classiﬁers require informative and non-redundant patterns (features). A number of classiﬁcation procedures is considered, and compared experimentally. Furthermore, we demonstrate how speciﬁc properties of pattern teams, such as the relevance of each member pattern, can be exploited to ﬁnd global models more eﬃciently.
Viviparity in the Sea Star Cryptasterina hystera (Asterinidae)—Conserved and Modified Features in Reproduction and Development

Cryptasterina hystera has a highly derived life history with intragonadal development and juveniles that emerge from the parent’s reproductive tract. The gonads are ovotestes with developing eggs separated from sperm by follicle cells. C. hystera has typical echinosperm that must enter the gonoduct of conspecifics to achieve fertilization. During oogenesis, an initial period of yolk accumulation is followed by hypertrophic lipid deposition, the major contributor to the increase in egg size. 1-Methyladenine induces egg maturation and ovulation, but the spawning component of the hormonal cascade is suppressed. This is the major alteration in reproduction associated with evolution of viviparity in C. hystera. The switch to viviparity was not accompanied by major change in gonad structure, indicating there were few or no anatomical constraints for evolution of a marsupial function for the gonad. Despite their intragonadal habitat, the brachiolaria are equipped for a planktonic life, swimming in gonadal fluid. During the gastrula stage, lipid provisions are released into the blastocoel where they are stored for juvenile development. The eggs of C. hystera have light and dark cytoplasmic regions that mark animal-vegetal polarity. The dark pigment provided a marker to follow the fate of vegetal cells. Live birth is rare in the Echinodermata and the incidence of this form of brooding in the phylum is reviewed.
Video Capture of Skin Motion using Calibrated Fabrics

We introduce a novel approach to capture linear and non linear motions of the skin surface due to muscle bugglings and other complex sub-surface interactions. Our method uses standard camera and consists of a video motion capture of the desired body surface covered by a stretchy and calibrated cloth. We develop a non model-based tracking method using regularity and topology of dedicated fabrics. Our tracking and 3D reconstruction methods support occlusions : we detect occlusions of 3D surfaces using temporal and spatial coherences, and are able to restart surface tracking once the occlusions have ended. The obtained 3D mesh can easily be integrated and adapted in a sequence of an animated virtual human. We demonstrate our method with the skinning of non-linear biceps deformations.
Phosphodiesterase 4D Gene and Risk of Noncardiogenic Ischemic Stroke in a Korean Population

Recently published studies from different populations provide apparently conflicting evidence on the association between the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene and ischemic stroke. The relationship between a representative PDE4D genotype and ischemic stroke was explored in a case-control study of 205 consecutive Korean patients with noncardiogenic ischemic stroke and 103 healthy controls who were neurologically and radiologically proven to be stroke-free. We selected and genotyped a PDE4D single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP 41, rs152312) as a candidate marker for susceptibility to ischemic stroke because SNP 41 has shown the most significant association with stroke in both a meta-analysis and the original Icelandic study of the PDE4D gene. No significant difference was observed between the cases and controls in the distribution of the PDE4D SNP 41 genotypes. The results from the adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis (adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes and smoking status) showed no significant association between PDE4D SNP 41 genotypes and an increased risk of noncardiogenic ischemic stroke. The PDE4D gene is not a major risk factor for noncardiogenic ischemic stroke in a Korean population, which supports the recent evidence suggesting that the causative genetic variants of ischemic stroke may differ across populations.
Rare category analysis

In many real world problems, rare categories (minority classes) play an essential role despite of their extreme scarcity. For example, in financial fraud detection, the vast majority of the financial transactions are legitimate, and only a small number may be fraudulent; in Medicare fraud detection, the percentage of bogus claims is small, but the total loss is significant; in network intrusion detection, malicious network activities are hidden among huge volumes of routine network traffic; in astronomy, only 0.001% of the objects in sky survey images are truly beyond the scope of current science and may lead to new discoveries; in spam image detection, the near-duplicate spam images are difficult to discover from the large number of non-spam image; in rare disease diagnosis, the rare diseases affect less than 1 out of 2000 people, but the consequences can be very severe. Therefore, the discovery, characterization and prediction of rare categories or rare examples may protect us from fraudulent or malicious behaviors, provide the aid for scientific discoveries, and even save lives. This thesis focuses on rare category analysis where the majority classes have a smooth distribution, and the minority classes exhibit a compactness property. Furthermore, we focus on the challenging cases where the support regions of the majority and minority classes overlap each other. To the best of our knowledge, this thesis is the first end-to-end investigation of rare categories. Depending on the availability of the label information, we can perform either supervised or unsupervised rare category analysis. In the supervised settings, our first task is rare category detection, which is to discover at least one example from each minority class with the help of a labeling oracle. Then given labeled examples from all the classes, our second task is rare category characterization. The goal here is to find a compact representation for the minority classes in order to identify all the rare examples with high precision and recall. On the other hand, in the unsupervised settings, we do not have access to a labeling oracle. Here we propose to co-select candidate examples from the minority classes and the relevant features, which benefits both tasks (rare category selection and feature selection). For each of the above tasks, we have developed effective algorithms with theoretical guarantees as well as good empirical results. In the future, we plan to apply rare category analysis on rich data, such as medical images, texts/blogs, Electronic Health Records (EHR), web link graphs, stream data, etc; we plan to build statistical models for the rare categories in order to understand how they emerge and evolve over time; we plan to study complex fraud based on rare category analysis; we plan to make use of transfer learning to help with our analysis; we also plan to build a complete system for rare category analysis.
Developing English-Urdu Machine Translation via Hindi

The paper presents a strategy for deriving English to Urdu translation using English to Hindi MT system. The English-Hindi lexical database is used to collect all possible Hindi words and phrases. These are further augmented by including their morphological variations and attaching all possible post-positions. This list is used to provide mapping from Hindi to Urdu. There may be change in gender and a word or a word group may be of multiple parts of speech. These are resolved using information available from English-Hindi MT. As Urdu is structurally very close to Hindi using similar post-positions, the output obtained is as acceptable as the Hindi translation.
Limiting the Complexity of Sphere Decoding for UW-OFDM

The recently presented UW-OFDM (unique word orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) signaling scheme [1] uses certain subcarriers in frequency domain for calculated symbols instead of data, in order to introduce redundancy. The resulting linear OFDM system model can be interpreted as a fading multiple antenna system, which enables sophisticated detectors for data recovery, known for MIMO (multiple input multiple output) channels. In [2] we implemented the Sphere Decoder (SD) for a single antenna UW-OFDM system as a realization of the optimum maximum likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE). However, the SD’s execution time can vary extensively, which makes it inapplicable for practical systems. In order to limit its computation time, the number of nodes visited during the SD tree search can be limited [3], degrading its performance though. In this work we investigate the impact of limiting the number of node visits on the bit error performance. We show that at low Eb/N0 values, and especially in flat fading environments the SD tends to exhaustive searches. In multi-path environments however, the UW-OFDM system structure together with the channel matrix yield a friendly environment, that leads to an early termination of the SD with high probability.
On totally magic cordial labeling

A graph G is said to have totally magic cordial(TMC) labeling with constant C if there exists a mapping f : V (G) ∪ E(G) → {0, 1} such that f(a) + f(b) + f(ab) ≡ C (mod 2) for all ab ∈ E(G) and |nf (0)− nf (1)| ≤ 1, where nf (i)(i = 0, 1) is the sum of the number of vertices and edges with label i. In this paper, we investigate some new families of graphs that admit totally magic cordial labeling. AMS 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 05C78.
Propagule banks, herbivory and nutrient supply control population development and dominance patterns in macroalgal blooms

Destructive macroalgal mass blooms threaten estuarine and coastal ecosystems worldwide. We asked which factors regulate macroalgal bloom intensity, distribution and species composition. In field experiments in the Baltic Sea, we analyzed the relative effects of nutrients, herbivores and algal propagule banks on population development and dominance patterns in two co-occurring bloom-forming macroalgae, Enteromorpha intestinalis and Pilayella littoralis. Both species were highly affected by the combined effects of a propagule bank, herbivory and nutrients. The magnitude of effects varied with season. The propagule bank was an important overwintering mechanism for both algae, and allowed for recruitment two months earlier than recruitment via freshly dispersed propagules. This provided a seasonal escape from intense herbivory and nutrient limitation later in the year. Favored by massive recruitment from the propagule bank, Enteromorpha was the superior space occupier in early spring, thereby reducing recruitment of Pilayella. Elimination of the propagule bank and recruitment via freshly dispersed propagules favored Pilayella. Strong and selective herbivory on Enteromorpha supported Pilayella in the presence, but not in the absence of the propagule bank. Nutrient enrichment in summer counteracted herbivore pressure on Enteromorpha, thereby negatively affecting Pilayella. Herbivore and nutrient effects were more pronounced for early life stages than adult algae. These results show that recruitment processes and forces affecting early life stages at the beginning of the vegetation period determine development and dominance patterns of macroalgal blooms. Herbivores naturally suppress blooms but increasing nutrient enrichment can override this important control mechanism. The propagule bank plays a previously unrecognized role for population and community dynamics.
Nanostructured Biomaterials for Tissue Engineered Bone Tissue Reconstruction

Bone tissue engineering strategies are emerging as attractive alternatives to autografts and allografts in bone tissue reconstruction, in particular thanks to their association with nanotechnologies. Nanostructured biomaterials, indeed, mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural bone, creating an artificial microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. At the same time, the possibility to easily isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different adult tissues together with their multi-lineage differentiation potential makes them an interesting tool in the field of bone tissue engineering. This review gives an overview of the most promising nanostructured biomaterials, used alone or in combination with MSCs, which could in future be employed as bone substitutes. Recent works indicate that composite scaffolds made of ceramics/metals or ceramics/polymers are undoubtedly more effective than the single counterparts in terms of osteoconductivity, osteogenicity and osteoinductivity. A better understanding of the interactions between MSCs and nanostructured biomaterials will surely contribute to the progress of bone tissue engineering.
Macaque V2 Neurons, But Not V1 Neurons, Show Choice-Related Activity

In the macaque extrastriate cortex, robust correlations between perceptual choice and neuronal response have been demonstrated, frequently quantified as choice probabilities (CPs). Such correlations are modest in early visual cortex, suggesting that CPs may depend on the position of a neuron in the hierarchy of visual processing. However, previous studies have not compared neurons with similar precision in equivalent tasks. We investigated the role of cortical hierarchy on CP using a task for which significant CPs have been described previously for middle temporal area (MT). We measured CPs in disparity-selective neurons from both V1 and V2. The stimulus was a dynamic random dot stereogram, presented with a near or a far disparity, masked by varying numbers of binocularly uncorrelated dots. Two macaque monkeys reported whether they perceived a circular patch in front or behind a surrounding annulus in a forced choice task. For V2 (n = 69), CP was on average 0.56, the first demonstration of systematic CPs in a visual area as early as V2. In V1 (n = 74), average CP was at chance level (0.51). The pattern was similar in a subgroup of neurons selected such that the statistical precision in the task was on average identical to that reported for MT (mean CP, 0.51 for V1, n = 33; 0.58 for V2, n = 54). This difference between V1 and V2 could not be explained by eye movements, stimulus size relative to the receptive field, or differences in disparity tuning. Rather, it seems to reflect a functional difference (at least in disparity processing) between striate and extrastriate cortex.
Presence and origin of interface charges at atomic-layer deposited Al2O3/III-nitride heterojunctions

Unlike silicon and traditional III-V semiconductors, the III-nitrides exhibit high spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization charges at epitaxial polar heterojunctions. In the process of investigating scaling properties of gate-stacks consisting atomic-layer deposited Al2O3/III-Nitride heterojunctions, we find interface charges that appear closely linked to the polarization charges of the underlying nitride substrate. Through capacitance-voltage measurement on a series of samples of varying dielectric thicknesses, we find the presence and propose an origin of benign donor-type interface charges (Qit ∼6 × 1013 cm−2) at the AlN/Al2O3 junction. This interface charge is almost equal to the net polarization charge in AlN. The polarization-related dielectric/AlN interface charge and the role of oxygen in the dielectric as a possible modulation dopant potentially offer opportunities for various device applications.
Modulation of Muscle Synergy Recruitment in Primate Grasping

In grasping, the CNS controls a particularly large number of degrees of freedom. We tested the idea that this control is facilitated by the presence of muscle synergies. According to the strong version of this concept, these synergies are invariant, hard-wired patterns of activation across muscles. Synergies may serve as modules that linearly sum, each with specific amplitude and timing coefficients, to generate a large array of muscle patterns. We tested two predictions of the synergy model. A small number of synergies should (1) account for a large fraction of variation in muscle activity, and (2) be modulated in their recruitment by task variables, even in novel behavioral contexts. We also examined whether the synergies would (3) have broadly similar structures across animals. We recorded from 15 to 19 electrodes implanted in forelimb muscles of two rhesus macaques as they grasped and transported 25 objects of variable shape and size. We show that three synergies accounted for 81% of the electromyographic data variation in each monkey. Each synergy was modulated in its recruitment strength and/or timing by object shape and/or size. Even when synergies were extracted from a small subset of object shape and size conditions and then used to reconstruct the entire dataset, we observed highly similar synergies and patterns of modulation. The synergies were well conserved between monkeys, with two of the synergies exceeding chance structural similarity, and the third being recruited, in both animals, in proportion to the size of the object handled.
HYBRID FUZZY PSO ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC ECONOMIC LOAD DISPATCH

The Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch (DELD) is the major problem in power system operation and control. The main objective of DELD is to minimize the total fuel cost of the generators while satisfying all the operating constraints. Premature convergence is the major problem of DELD in large power system. Conventional methods took long time to converge the DELD. To handle the DELD problem, an efficient hybrid approach is proposed. Combination of Fuzzy and PSO algorithm is called FPSO which is effectively to solve the DELD problem. This algorithm is tested in 6 and 15 units thermal system.
Impaired Executive Function in Everyday Life: A Predictor of OCD Relapse?

Objectives: In the present study, we set out to establish whether executive function in everyday life is impaired in obsessive-compulsive disorder patients, and if it is more impaired (or not) in patients who relapsed after cognitive behavioural therapy than in treatment-naive obsessive-compulsive disorder patients. Method: The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function— Adult Version (BRIEF-A) was used to measure executive function in everyday life in three groups of 19 participants: treatment-naive obsessive-compulsive disorderpatients, obsessive-compulsive disorder patients having relapsed after CBT, and healthy controls. Results: The BRIEF-A results revealed an impairment in executive function in the treatment-naive and relapsed obsessive-compulsive disorder groups, relative to the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in executive function between the two groups of patients. Conclusions: These results show that impaired executive function is not associated with relapse in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder having undergone cognitive behavioural therapy.
Direct Evidence for Cytokine Involvement in Neointimal Hyperplasia

BackgroundTumor necrosis factor-&agr; (TNF-&agr;) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) are proximal inflammatory cytokines that stimulate expression of adhesion molecules and induce synthesis of other proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, TNF-&agr; and IL-1 influence vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in vitro. In view of the inflammatory nature of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), we tested the hypothesis that endogenous TNF-&agr; and IL-1 modulate low shear stress–induced NIH. Methods and ResultsMice underwent unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) ligation. Low shear stress in the patent ligated CCA has previously been shown to result in remodeling and NIH. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for TNF-&agr; and IL-1&agr; mRNA demonstrated both TNF-&agr; and IL-1&agr; mRNA in ligated CCAs, whereas normal and sham-operated CCAs had none. Mice lacking functional TNF-&agr; (TNF−/−) developed 14-fold less neointimal area than WT controls (P <0.05). p80 IL-1 type I receptor knockout (IL-1RI−/−) mice tended to develop less (7-fold, P >0.05) neointimal area than WT controls. Furthermore, no IL-1&agr; mRNA expression was detected in CCAs from TNF−/− mice; however, TNF-&agr; mRNA expression was found in the IL-1RI−/− mice. Mice that overexpress membrane-bound TNF-&agr; but produce no soluble TNF-&agr; display an accentuated fibroproliferative response to low shear stress (P <0.05). ConclusionsThese results directly demonstrate that TNF-&agr; and IL-1 modulate NIH induced by low shear stress. NIH can proceed by way of soluble TNF-&agr;–independent mechanisms. Specific anti–TNF-&agr; and anti–IL-1 therapies may lessen NIH.
Dullard/Ctdnep1 Modulates WNT Signalling Activity for the Formation of Primordial Germ Cells in the Mouse Embryo

Dullard/Ctdnep1 is a member of the serine/threonine phosphatase family of the C-terminal domain of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. Embryos lacking Dullard activity fail to form primordial germ cells (PGCs). In the mouse, the formation of PGCs is influenced by BMP4 and WNT3 activity. Although Dullard is reputed to negatively regulate BMP receptor function, in this study we found mutations in Dullard had no detectable effect on BMP4 and p-Smad activity. Furthermore Dullard mutations did not influence the dosage-dependent inductive effect of Bmp4 in PGC formation. However, Dullard may function as a positive regulator of WNT signalling. Combined loss of one copy each of Dullard and Wnt3 had a synergistic effect on the reduction of PGC numbers in the compound heterozygous embryo. In addition, loss of Dullard function was accompanied by down-regulation of WNT/β-catenin signalling activity and a reduction in the level of Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2). Therefore, Dullard may play a role in the fine-tuning of WNT signalling activity by modulating the expression of ligands/antagonists and the availability of Dvl2 protein during specification of the germ cell lineage.