Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avoidant coping and treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of avoidant coping on treatment outcome in rape-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHOD Adult women with rape-related PTSD (N = 62) received 9 sessions of prolonged exposure (PE) or eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). The mean age for the sample was 34.7 years, and race or ethnicity was reported as 67.7% Caucasian, 25.8% African American, 3.2% Latina, and 3.2% other. PTSD was assessed with the PTSD Symptom Scale-Self-Report (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993), and avoidant coping was assessed using the Coping Strategies Inventory-Disengagement subscale (CSI-D; Tobin, Holroyd, Reynolds, & Wigal, 1989). RESULTS Pretreatment avoidant coping was negatively associated with posttreatment PTSD symptom severity even when controlling for initial severity of total PTSD symptoms and when removing PTSD avoidance symptoms from the analysis to account for potential overlap between avoidant coping and PTSD avoidance symptoms: ΔR2 = . 08, b* = -0.31, 95% CI [-0.17, -0.01], t(60) = -2.27, p = . 028. The CSI-D pretreatment mean score of 100 predicted a 96% likelihood of experiencing clinically significant change (CSC) during treatment. A CSI-D pretreatment score of 61 was associated with a 40% likelihood of experiencing CSC. CONCLUSIONS PE and EMDR appear to be beneficial for women who frequently engage in avoidant coping responses following rape. A small subset of women with initially low levels of avoidant coping are unlikely to experience a therapeutic response from PE or EMDR.
The psychological roots of populist voting: Evidence from the United States, the Netherlands and Germany

What are the psychological roots of support for populist parties or outfits such as the Tea Party, the Dutch Party for Freedom or Germany's Left Party? Populist parties have as a common denominator that they employ an anti-establishment message, which they combine with some ‘host’ ideology. Building on the congruency model of political preference, it is to be expected that a voter's personality should match with the message and position of his or her party. This article theorises that a low score on the personality trait Agreeableness matches the anti-establishment message and should predict voting for populist parties. Evidence is found for this hypothesis in the United States, the Netherlands and Germany. The relationship between low Agreeableness and voting for populist parties is robust, controlling for other personality traits, authoritarianism, sociodemographic characteristics and ideology. Thus, explanations of the success of populism should take personality traits into account.
Damage prognosis: the future of structural health monitoring

This paper concludes the theme issue on structural health monitoring (SHM) by discussing the concept of damage prognosis (DP). DP attempts to forecast system performance by assessing the current damage state of the system (i.e. SHM), estimating the future loading environments for that system, and predicting through simulation and past experience the remaining useful life of the system. The successful development of a DP capability will require the further development and integration of many technology areas including both measurement/processing/telemetry hardware and a variety of deterministic and probabilistic predictive modelling capabilities, as well as the ability to quantify the uncertainty in these predictions. The multidisciplinary and challenging nature of the DP problem, its current embryonic state of development, and its tremendous potential for life-safety and economic benefits qualify DP as a ‘grand challenge’ problem for engineers in the twenty-first century.
Mice Lacking the Basolateral Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter Have Impaired Epithelial Chloride Secretion and Are Profoundly Deaf*

In chloride-secretory epithelia, the basolateral Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) is thought to play a major role in transepithelial Cl− and fluid transport. Similarly, in marginal cells of the inner ear, NKCC1 has been proposed as a component of the entry pathway for K+ that is secreted into the endolymph, thus playing a critical role in hearing. To test these hypotheses, we generated and analyzed an NKCC1-deficient mouse. Homozygous mutant (Nkcc1−/− ) mice exhibited growth retardation, a 28% incidence of death around the time of weaning, and mild difficulties in maintaining their balance. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly reduced in both heterozygous and homozygous mutants, indicating an important function for NKCC1 in the maintenance of blood pressure. cAMP-induced short circuit currents, which are dependent on the CFTR Cl− channel, were reduced in jejunum, cecum, and trachea of Nkcc1−/− mice, indicating that NKCC1 contributes to cAMP-induced Cl− secretion. In contrast, secretion of gastric acid in adult Nkcc1−/− stomachs and enterotoxin-stimulated fluid secretion in the intestine of sucklingNkcc1−/− mice were normal. Finally, homozygous mutants were deaf, and histological analysis of the inner ear revealed a collapse of the membranous labyrinth, consistent with a critical role for NKCC1 in transepithelial K+ movements involved in generation of the K+-rich endolymph and the endocochlear potential.
Comparison of the endemic Azorean Hypericum foliosum with other Hypericum species: antioxidant activity and phenolic profile

Water extracts of Hypericum foliosum (HF) from five Azorean Islands were analysed for their antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents. The results were compared with those from medicinal Hypericum species (H. perforatum, H. androsaemum and H. undulatum) and also with Azorean green tea. HF exhibited strong scavenging activity (87–91%) and moderate inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation (56–72%), and presented no significant difference to the other studied plants; in contrast, the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyltoluene showed antioxidant activity values of 22% and 88%, respectively. The average value of phenolics in HF was higher than that in the other Hypericum species and lower than that in tea. Additionally, the phenolic profiles of the Hypericum species were compared by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (RP-HPLC/UV). The method presented permits the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids, flavonoids, hypericin and hyperforin within 55 min. The most similar profile was observed between HF and H. androsaemum. This study indicates that HF is a source of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits.
Effects of H-NS and potassium glutamate on sigmaS- and sigma70-directed transcription in vitro from osmotically regulated P1 and P2 promoters of proU in Escherichia coli

We have used supercoiled DNA templates in this study to demonstrate that transcription in vitro from the P1 and P2 promoters of the osmoresponsive proU operon of Escherichia coli is preferentially mediated by the sigma(s) and sigma70-bearing RNA polymerase holoenzymes, respectively. Addition of potassium glutamate resulted in the activation of transcription from both P1 and P2 and also led to a pronounced enhancement of sigma(s) selectivity at the P1 promoter. Transcription from P2, and to a lesser extent from P1, was inhibited by the nucleoid protein H-NS but only in the absence of potassium glutamate. This study validates the existence of dual promoters with dual specificities for proU transcription. Our results also support the proposals that potassium, which is known to accumulate in cells grown at high osmolarity, is at least partially responsible for effecting the in vivo induction of proU transcription and that it does so through two mechanisms, directly by the activation of RNA polymerase and indirectly by the relief of repression imposed by H-NS.
Privatisation and Adjustment in Mozambique: A 'Hospital Pass'?

Mozambique's privatisation has been one of the largest, by number of transactions, in sub-Saharan Africa. This is the main basis for claims that the programme has been one of the most successful. This paper critically evaluates the only available study (by the World Bank) of the impact of privatisation in Mozambique. Privatisation has been hasty and careless. Contrary to the public finance objectives of privatisation, there has also been a form of subsidy to the private sector, through payment deferral and default. This subsidy appears indiscriminate, unplanned and highly inefficient. Yet it is one key to an alternative perspective on privatisation, focusing on the internal dynamics and beneficiaries since the early 1980s. This real political economy of privatisation in Mozambique confounds the already over-burdened exercises of evaluation. There is an urgent need for more careful data collection on privatisation in Mozambique.
Aircraft Collision Avoidance System

This paper describes a new design concept of airborne equipment of secondary radar systems. The concept allows implementing two principal airborne systems, more exactly Mode S transponder and TCAS, as a multifunctional unit. This concept gives a possibility to make half the number of necessary aircraft antennas as well as to decrease the number of units and equipment cost. All functions of and requirements to both TCAS and Mode S transponder systems are achieved in accordance with the correspondent international documents. The prototype of the system is described and the results of flight tests are presented.
Prevalence of inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions after the great east Japan earthquake, 2011

Abstract Few studies have investigated the appropriateness of antibiotic use in postdisaster settings. We retrospectively evaluated clinical databases on health care delivered at clinics near shelters set up after the Great East Japan Earthquake, 2011. We defined appropriate, acceptable, and inappropriate antibiotic use for each diagnostic category, by applying and adopting precedent studies and clinical guidelines. From March to July, 2011, a total of 23,704 clinic visits occurred at 98 shelters with 7934 residents. Oral antibiotics were prescribed a total of 2253 times. The median age of the patients was 48.5 years old (range 0–97), and 43.7% were male. Of 2253 antibiotic prescriptions, 1944 were judged to be inappropriate (86.3% 95% CI 84.8%–87.7%). The most prescribed antibiotic was clarithromycin (646 times, 28.7%), followed by cefcapene pivoxil (644 times, 28.6%), levofloxacin (380, 16.9%), cefdinir (194, 8.6%), and cefditren pivoxil (98, 4.4%). The most frequent diagnosis for which antibiotics were prescribed was upper respiratory infection (URI, 1040 visits, 46.2%), followed by acute bronchitis (369, 16.4%), pharyngitis (298, 13.2%), traumatic injuries (194, 8.6%), acute gastroenteritis (136, 6.0%), urinary tract infections (UTIs, 123, 5.5%), and allergic rhinitis (5.1%). The majority of antibiotics prescribed at clinics after the Great East Japan Earthquake was inappropriate. Significant improvement of the use of antibiotics in postdisaster settings should be sought immediately in Japan.
Transcription factors Sox8 and Sox10 perform non-equivalent roles during oligodendrocyte development despite functional redundancy

Development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system is dependent on at least two members of the Sox family of high-mobility-group-containing transcription factors. Sox9 is involved in oligodendrocyte specification, whereas Sox10 is required for terminal differentiation. We show that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord additionally express the highly related Sox8. In Sox8-deficient mice, oligodendrocyte development proceeded normally until birth. However, terminal differentiation of oligodendrocytes was transiently delayed at early postnatal times. Sox8-deficient mice thus exhibited a similar, but less severe phenotype than did Sox10-deficient mice. Terminal oligodendrocyte differentiation was dramatically delayed in Sox8-deficient mice with only a single functional Sox10 allele hinting at redundancy between both Sox proteins. This redundancy was also evident from the fact that Sox8 bound to naturally occurring Sox10 response elements, was able to form DNA-dependent heterodimers with Sox10 and activated Sox10-specific oligodendrocytic target genes in a manner similar to Sox10. However, Sox8 expression levels were significantly lower than those for Sox10. Resulting differences in protein amounts might be a main reason for the weaker impact of Sox8 on oligodendrocyte development and for unidirectional compensation of the Sox8 loss by Sox10.
A Hybrid Approach for Personalized News Recommendation in a Mobility Scenario Using Long-Short User Interest

Access to information has been made easier in different domains that range from multimedia content, books, music, news, etc. To deal with the huge amount of alternatives, recommendation systems have been often used as a solution to filter the options and provide suggestions of items that might be of interest to an user. The news domain introduces additional challenges due not only to the large amount of new items produced daily but also due to their ephemeral timelife. In this paper, a news recommendation system which combines content-based and georeferenced techniques in a mobility scenario, is proposed. Taking into account the volatility of the information, short-term and long-term user profiles are considered and implicitly built. Besides tracking users’ clicks, the system infers different levels of interest an article has by tracking and weighting each action in the system and in social networks. Impact of the different fields that make up a news is also taken into account by following the inverted pyramid model that assumes different levels of importance to each paragraph of the article. The solution was tested with a population of volunteers and results indicate that the quality of the recommendation approach is acknowledged by the users.
A Critical Look at Archaeology Teaching in Estonian High Schools

Most commonly archaeology is not recognized as a curriculum subject but may be introduced into history teaching, like in this case study in Estonia. In this article I present an analysis of how archaeology is presented in Estonian National Curriculum and high school (e-)textbooks and what kind of archaeology qualifications history teachers will get in the teacher training in the universities. The aim was to analyse the current situation and possibilities of archaeology teaching at Estonian high schools. Analysis of history and civic teacher training showed that they get the know-how how to teach but what to teach (including archaeology) remains problematic. Archaeology is presented in Estonian National Curriculum, but the prehistory learning goals should be redone concerning the methodological skills and knowledge of content and archaeology goals. It is not about the volume of archaeology, but how and what is taught. Archaeology can teach humanity, which is the most important learning outcome. (E-)textbook analysis indicated that not all textbooks are well equipped with archaeological data. The result of this study shows that archaeology is part of the Estonian history teaching at high school and the extent is good, but it should be taught in a more effective way.
Application of cautious stable predictive control to vertical positioning in COMPASS-D tokamak

Recent advances in guaranteed stable generalized predictive control algorithms are applied to vertical positioning of plasma in the COMPASS-D tokamak, a test device used to study instabilities and control techniques necessary for fusion power plants in the future. The tokamak current P+D controller cannot stabilize the plasma vertical position without internal sensors which will not be available in larger devices. A controller which is derived with the stable predictive control algorithms described in this paper stabilizes the plasma with only external sensors and also solves noise and robustness problems. It compares favorably to the one produced with standard H/sub /spl infin// design techniques.
Combined application of cost-benefit and multi-criteria analysis for decision support in air quality management policy: a case study in Lima and El Callao, Perú

Los dos tipos de herramientas mas utilizados para la evaluacion de politicas publicas con impactos ambientales son el analisis coste-beneficio (ACB) y el analisis multicriterio (AMC). Aunque el caracter complementario de las ventajas y desventajas de ambas herramientas sugiere un valor anadido de su uso combinado, este esta poco explorado en la literatura. Los objetivos principales de esta tesis doctoral son: 1) Estudiar los ejemplos del uso combinado de ACB y AMC y sus implicaciones, y desarrollar un marco conceptual para la integracion de ambos metodos; 2) Distinguir y analizar las principales opciones metodologicas para este uso combinado y aplicarlas a un caso de estudio real de priorizacion de politicas locales de gestion de la calidad del aire en la zona metropolitana de Lima y El Callao, en Peru; y 3) Investigar las ventajas y desventajas, fortalezas y debilidades de cada opcion de combinacion. Tras el desarrollo teorico y el analisis del caso de estudio practico, se puede concluir que: a) La combinacion de AMC y ACB tiene valor anadido, permitiendo visualizar simultaneamente una perspectiva integral de aspectos monetizables y no monetizables, asi como las contrapartidas entre unos y otros; b) Especificamente, es potencialmente de gran utilidad para los actores clave y tomadores de decisiones la visualizacion de discrepancias entre criterios subjetivos, variables no monetizables y la representacion de las preferencias de la sociedad, ilustradas por el ACB; y c) No existe por el momento una modalidad de combinacion que pueda conservar las caracteristicas deseables de ambas tecnicas, lo cual indica una eleccion del tipo de combinacion basada en el problema de decision planteado.
The timing and duration of sleep in partial sleep deprivation therapy of depression

ABSTRACT— The antidepressant response to partial sleep deprivation early in the night (PSD‐E) was compared with the response to partial sleep deprivation late in the night (PSD‐L) in 16 drug‐free depressed inpatients using a balanced order crossover design. PSD‐L had a significantly greater antidepressant effect that PSD‐E. The response to PSD‐L was sustained and enhanced by a second night of treatment. Patients had significantly shorter sleep durations and reduced REM sleep on PSD‐L that did not occur in the PSD‐E situation. There was a significant negative correlation between response to PSD and sleep duration, and in particular, REM sleep duration, in the late sleep deprivation situation. Thus, the amount and timing of sleep appear to be factors in the response to PSD, but additional studies are needed to evaluate the relative importance of these parameters.
INCIDENCE OF AND RISK FACTORS FOR CHILDHOOD THROMBOSIS: A Single-Center Experience in Ankara, Turkey

This study was conducted to analyze the incidence of and risk for thrombosis in thrombotic children monitored in the Department of Pediatric Hematology of our hospital at the time of diagnosis, in addition to the clinical characteristics of those patients. The clinical and laboratory findings of 122 patients diagnosed with thrombosis from 1997 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The incidence of thrombosis was 88.6/10,000 hospital admissions. The authors found that 31.1% of the patients studied had a thrombosis in more than 1 region. The incidence of thrombosis by anatomic site was as follows: 42 thromboses in the peripheral arterial system, 39 in an intracardiac region, 38 in the abdominal venous system, 36 in the deep peripheral venous system, and 28 in the cerebral vascular system. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 4.9 years. Of the patients studied, 10.7% were neonates, 35.3% were infants younger than 1 year, and 48.4% were younger than 2 years. Most of the patients had a congenital cardiac disease and spontaneous thrombosis, and 66.1% had at least 1 acquired risk factor, the most common of which were having undergone surgery (42%) or wearing a central venous catheter (39%). A hereditary factor for the development of thrombosis was present in 54% of the patients. The most frequently observed hereditary risk factor was the MTHFR 677C-T mutation, and the second most common was the factor V Leiden mutation. Thrombosis should be considered a systemic disorder, and thrombotic patients should be evaluated with appropriate methods. Acquired and hereditary risk factors should be analyzed systematically in thrombotic patients.
Observer-Based Fuzzy Adaptive H/spl infin/ Tracking Control for Nonlinear Time-Delay Systems

In this paper, an observer-based fuzzy sliding mode adaptive control design algorithm with Hinfin tracking performance is presented for a class of nonlinear SISO delayed systems. To facilitate this concept, an observer is developed for the error dynamics and Lyapunov type stability is established under certain condition. The fuzzy approximators equipped with adaptive algorithms are introduced to learn the behaviors of the uncertain dynamics. It is shown that all the states and signals of the system are bounded and the effect of the external disturbance on the tracking error can be attenuated to any prescribed level and consequently an Hinfin tracking performance is achieved. Finally, simulation examples by the application to control of a car-like inverted pendulum are included to confirm the validity and performance of the proposed algorithm.
Adaptive differential evolution: A visual comparison

Differential evolution (DE) is a variant of the evolutionary algorithm and has good performance in solving continuous optimization problems. Two important parameters, F and CR, control the behaviors of the mutation and crossover operators in DE. Setting their values is critical, but the tuning process could be difficult and time-consuming. In the last decade, many adaptive DE have been proposed with various mechanisms to adjust the parameter values during the evolutionary process. Although these studies conducted numerical experiments and showed promising performance of the proposed algorithms, very few studies investigated and compared how the parameter values are adjusted by these algorithms. In this study, we compared six different types of adaptive DEs and observed their behaviors visually. Several interesting observations are made.
Neurocognitive Correlates of Therapeutic Alliance in Schizophrenia

Although therapeutic alliance in schizophrenia has been linked with treatment adherence and outcome, less is known about its clinical correlates. This study explored neurocognition as a possible predictor of perceived therapeutic alliance among people with schizophrenia in cognitive behavior therapy. Twenty-four participants with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their therapists were administered the Working Alliance Inventory, Short Form after 3 months of therapy. Totals for clients and therapists were correlated with measures of verbal memory, premorbid intelligence, visual spatial reasoning, executive function, and attention, all obtained before beginning therapy. Poorer performance on verbal memory was significantly related to client report of stronger alliance, whereas better performance on visual spatial reasoning was significantly related to therapist report of stronger alliance. Client and therapist ratings of therapeutic alliance were significantly and positively related. Clients’ abilities may differentially affect therapist and client perception of therapeutic alliance in schizophrenia.