Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and preparation of market baskets of European Union commercial baby foods for the assessment of infant exposure to food chemicals and to their effects

The assessment of acute and chronic dietary exposure to contaminants in baby foods is needed to ensure healthy infant growth. Monthly European Union market baskets of commercial baby foods were designed for the first 9 months of life by the ‘babyfood’ study group of the CASCADE Network of Excellence for the specific purpose of assessing exposure to potentially toxic substances in infants fed with such foods. The present paper reports the different steps that led to the preparation of monthly pooled samples of commercial baby foods (‘Infant formulae and follow-on formulae’ and ‘Other baby foods’) that may constitute the extreme case of the diet for an infant who would not be breast fed at all. Several market baskets were generated for an ‘average European Union infant’ and for infants of four selected countries (Italy, Sweden, Spain, and the Slovakia), fed with either milk infant formulae, soy infant formulae or hypoallergenic infant formulae and weaned (at the fifth month) with commercial baby foods and beverages available on the European Union market. Market share data for 2007 for baby foods were used to design the baskets. Holding companies and the name of all their products were identified. Monthly diets for European Union infants were elaborated in terms of food categories (e.g. infant cereals) of typologies of products (e.g. infant cereals without gluten) and of a specific product. The number of baskets generated was 30 for ‘Infant formulae and follow-on formulae’ (including 62 products) and 13 for ‘Other baby foods’ (including 35 products). These market baskets were designed to be used for the determination of certain contaminants and nutrients in the diet of European Union infants and for the assessment of their effects on infant health.
Moghaddam A Novel Pareto-Based MetaHeuristic Algorithm to Optimize Multi-Facility Location-Allocation Problem

This article proposes a novel Pareto-based multiobjective meta-heuristic algorithm named non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm (NRGA) to solve multi-facility location-allocation problem. In NRGA, a fitness value representing rank is assigned to each individual of the population. Moreover, two features ranked based roulette wheel selection including select the fronts and choose solutions from the fronts, are utilized. The proposed solving methodology is validated using several examples taken from the specialized literature. The performance of our approach shows that NRGA algorithm is able to generate true and well distributed Pareto optimal solutions. Keywords—Non-dominated ranking genetic algorithm, Pareto solutions, Multi-facility location-allocation problem.
Overview of the TREC 2014 Session Track

Abstract : The TREC Session track ran for the fourth time in 2014. The track has the primary goal of providing test collections and evaluation measures for studying information retrieval over user sessions rather than one-time queries. These test collections are meant to be portable, reusable, statistically powerful, and open to anyone that wishes to work on the problem of retrieval over sessions. The experimental design of the track was similar to that of the previous three years [5, 6, 1]: sessions were real user sessions with a search engine that include queries, retrieved results, clicks, and dwell times; retrieval tasks were designed to study the effect of using session data in retrieval for only the mth query in a session. For the 2014 track, sessions were obtained from workers on Amazon's Mechanical Turk. As a result, the 2014 data includes far more sessions than previous years1,257 unique sessions as compared to around 100 for each of the previous three years. Apart from that, there is little different from the 2013 track [1]. This overview is organized as follows: in Section 2 we describe the tasks participants were to perform. In Section 3 we describe the corpus, topics, and sessions that comprise the test collection. Section 4 gives some information about submitted runs. In Section 5 we describe relevance judging and evaluation measures, and Sections 6 present evaluation results and analysis.
The Historical Implications of Middle Kingdom Scarabs Found in Palestine Bearing Private Names and Titles of Officials

The presence of Middle Kingdom Egyptian scarabs bearing private names and titles of officials in Middle Bronze Age Canaan generated a scholarly controversy regarding the relations between Egypt and Palestine during that period. Analysis of distinctive characteristics of the scarabs, and of the contexts (whenever available) in which they were found in Egypt, indicates that their original function was primarily as funerary amulets. Examination of the inscriptions and the archaeological contexts of officials' scarabs found in Palestine demonstrates that the scarabs reached Canaan, after having been plundered from tombs in Egypt, no earlier than the time of the 13th Dynasty, and that their main use in Canaan was, similar to Egypt, as funerary amulets. It is suggested that scarabs, including those bearing private names and titles of officials, initially arrived in Palestine through the Asiatics who settled in the eastern Delta during the late Middle Kingdom.
Human erythrocyte hexokinase deficiency: a new variant with abnormal kinetic properties

Summary. A 14‐month‐old child who had a haemolytic episode when he was 5 years old, and with psychomotor retardation, was found to have decreased red cell hexokinase activity. The mutant enzyme was characterized by an increased affinity for glucose associated with an increased inhibition constant for glucose‐1,6‐diphosphate. Affinity for Mg ATP2‐, heat stability and pH‐optimum were normal. The isozymic pattern of the red cell enzyme was normal but all the molecular forms were present in reduced amounts. The kinetics of decay of hexokinase during cell ageing was also normal. Glucose consumption of the hexokinase deficient cells was 60–65% of the controls while the amount metabolized through the hexose monophosphate shunt was unchanged. Red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate and glucose‐6‐phosphate levels were normal in the proband but reduced in the erythrocytes of his parents, who were heterozygous for the defect but had normal haematological data. Comparison with the 13 previously reported cases of hexokinase deficiency confirms the broad phenotypic variability that characterizes this disorder.
Research of UAV fault and state forecast technology based on particle filter

This paper presents an UAV fault and state prediction approach which is based on particle filter. In the UAV system, on account of its dynamic environment, mechanical complexity and other factors, it is difficult to avoid all potential faults. So, in order to early detect the potential fault, fault forecast is necessary so as to avoid enormous losses. As the input and output response model of UAV system is nonlinear and multi-parameters, it is need to find an appropriate way to of fault prediction for system maintenance and real-time command. Particle filters are sequential Monte Carlo methods based on point mass (or ‘particle’) representations of probability densities, which can be applied to any state-space model. Their ability to deal with nonlinear and non-Gaussian statistics makes them suitable for application to the UAV fault prediction. UAV is an extremely complex system, two important aspects of monitoring are focused on this paper: 1) Engine condition monitoring and fault prediction; 2) UAV flight track forecast. The experimental result indicates the effectiveness of this approach.
Friction coefficient of skin in real‐time

Background/purpose: Friction studies are useful in quantitatively investigating the skin surface. Previous studies utilized different apparatuses and materials for these investigations but there was no real‐time test parameter control or monitoring. Our studies incorporated the commercially available UMT Series Micro‐Tribometer, a tribology instrument that permits real‐time monitoring and calculation of the important parameters in friction studies, increasing the accuracy over previous tribology and friction measurement devices used on skin.
A HERG‐like K+ channel in rat F‐11 DRG cell line: pharmacological identification and biophysical characterization.

1. The relationships between the K+ inward rectifier current present in neuroblastoma cells (IIR) and the current encoded by the human ether‐á‐go‐go‐related gene (HERG), IHERG, and the rapidly activating repolarizing cardiac current IK(r), were investigated in a rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) x mouse neuroblastoma hybrid cell line (F‐11) using pharmacological and biophysical treatments. 2. IIR shared the pharmacological features described for IK(r), including the sensitivity to the antiarrhythmic drugs E4301 and WAY‐123,398, whilst responding to Cs+, Ba2+ and La3+ in a similar way to IHERG. 3. The voltage‐dependent gating properties of IIR were similar to those of IK(r) and IHERG, although IIR outward currents were negligible in comparison. 4. In high K+ extracellular solutions devoid of divalent cations, IIR deactivation kinetics were removed resulting in long‐lasting currents apparently activated in hyperpolarization, with a marked (2.7‐fold) increase in conductance, as recorded from the instantaneous linear current‐voltage relationship at ‐120 mV. Re‐addition of Ca2+ restored the original closure of the channel whereas re‐addition of Mg2+ reduced the peak current. 5. The IIR described here, the heart IK(r) and the IHERG could be successfully predicted by a unique kinetic model where the voltage dependencies of the activation/inactivation gates were properly voltage shifted. On the whole, IIR seems to be the first example of a HERG‐type current constitutively expressed and operating in mammalian cells of the neuronal lineage.
Theory and implementation of coercive subtyping

Coercive subtyping is a useful and powerful framework of subtyping for type theories. In this thesis, we point out the problem in the old formulation of coercive subtyping in [Luo99], give a new and adequate formulation T [C], the system that extends a type theory T with coercive subtyping based on a set C of basic subtyping judgements, and show that coercive subtyping is a conservative extension and, in a more general sense, a definitional extension. We introduce an intermediate system, the star-calculus T [C]∗, in which the positions that require coercion insertions are marked, and show that T [C]∗ is a conservative extension of T and that T [C]∗ is equivalent to T [C]. Further more, in order to capture all the properties of the coercive subtyping framework, we introduce another intermediate system T [C]0K which does not contain the coercion application rules. We show that T [C]∗ is actually a definitional extension of T [C]0K , which is a conservative extension of T . This makes clear what we mean by coercive subtyping being a conservative extension and amends a technical problem that has led to a gap in the earlier conservativity proof. Another part of the work in this thesis concerns the implementation of coercive subtyping in the proof assistant Plastic. Coercive subtyping was implemented in Plastic by Paul Callaghan [CL01]. We have done some improvement based on that work, fixed some problems of Plastic, and implemented a new kind of data type called dot-types, which are special data types useful in formal semantics to describe interesting linguistic phenomena such as copredication, in Plastic.
A Transparent Control-Flow Based Approach to Record-Replay Non-deterministic Bugs

Record-replay is effective to reproduce non-deterministic bugs, and has gained attentions in research community. However, current approaches fall short of handling nondeterministic bugs in multi-processor platforms and distributed systems due to several reasons. First, multi-thread programs on multi-processor platforms, which are common in today's distributed systems, are difficult to be recorded and replayed because of data-races. Second, increasing systems scale makes production environment more sensitive to perturbation from recording. Even hacking control scripts has been unacceptable because of the boosting complexity comes from variety of programs and large number of computing cores. Third, when deployed in distributed systems, large scale will also multiply recording traces, which overwhelms developers, and also slows down the whole system dramatically. To address the above issues, we propose following mechanisms to efficiently record-reply in multi-processor distributed systems: control-flow based record-replay, low-perturbation loading and proportion sampling. We have implemented these mechanisms in ReBranch -- a practical record-replay system for debugging multi-thread programs in multi-processor platforms and distributed systems. ReBranch has already shown its power on dealing with real bugs. We also present our debugging experiences using ReBranch with a case study on handling a bug in memcached -- an important component in many commercial systems.
Carnitine‐acylcarnitine translocase deficiency: case report and review of the literature

Aim: Carnitine‐acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) deficiency is an inborn error of metabolism involving the mitochondrial beta‐oxidation of long‐chain fatty acids. The aim of this study was to report on a new case (neonatal phenotype) and review the literature data on 24 previously reported cases. Methods: Clinical data of the new case are described and compared with the previous reports. Results: The patient with a novel mutation had clinical features and biochemical findings similar to those of the other reported patients.
3D reconstruction of high‐resolution STED microscope images

Tackling biological problems often involves the imaging and localization of cellular structures on the nanometer scale. Although optical super‐resolution below 100 nm can be readily attained with stimulated emission depletion (STED) and photoswitching microscopy methods, attaining an axial resolution <100 nm with focused light generally required the use of two lenses in a 4Pi configuration or exceptionally bright photochromic fluorophores. Here, we describe a simple technical solution for 3D nanoscopy of fixed samples: biological specimens are fluorescently labeled, embedded in a polymer resin, cut into thin sections, and then imaged via STED microscopy with nanoscale resolution. This approach allows a 3D image reconstruction with a resolution <80 nm in all directions using available state‐of‐the art STED microscopes. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TSH RECEPTOR BINDING AND THYROID STIMULATION BY SERA FROM PATIENTS WITH GRAVES' DISEASE

An investigation of the ability of TSH receptor antibodies to bind to the TSH receptor and stimulate thyroid function is described. Binding studies were carried out using 125I‐labelled TSH and detergent solubilised porcine TSH receptors, and the parameter of thyroid stimulation employed was 125I‐organifi‐cation in isolated porcine thyroid cells. Different GRAVES' sera were found to show different dose‐response relationships and three types of antibody activity were evident in the six samples studied. In two samples receptor binding and thyroid stimulating activities were approximately parallel. In two receptor binding was detectable at lower doses than stimulation while in the last two stimulation was detectable at lower doses than binding.
19-P001 Smed-evi/wntless is required for β-catenin-dependent and -independent processes during planarian regeneration

Planarians can regenerate a whole animal from only a small piece of their body, and have become an important model for stem cell biology. To identify regenerative processes dependent on Wnt growth factors in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea (Smed), we analyzed RNAi phenotypes of Evi, a transmembrane protein specifically required for the secretion of Wnt ligands. We show that, during regeneration, Smed-evi loss-of-function prevents posterior identity, leading to two-headed planarians that resemble Smed-β-catenin1 RNAi animals. In addition, we observe regeneration defects of the nervous system that are not found after Smed-β-catenin1 RNAi. By systematic knockdown of all putative Smed Wnts in regenerating planarians, we identify Smed-WntP-1 and Smed-Wnt11-2 as the putative posterior organizers, and demonstrate that Smed-Wnt5 is a regulator of neuronal organization and growth. Thus, our study provides evidence that planarian Wnts are major regulators of regeneration, and that they signal through β-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways.
Risk Perception of Musculoskeletal Injury Among Critical Care Nurses

Background:Nursing is known as an occupation with high risk of musculoskeletal injury. Nurses’ perceptions about the risk of injury may have a role in preventing such injury. Objectives:The aim of this study was to investigate how nurses perceived the risk of musculoskeletal injury from work and identify factors associated with their risk perception. Methods:In a cross-sectional study using a postal survey, 361 critical care nurses reported on risk perception, physical workload, psychosocial job factors, safety climate, musculoskeletal symptoms, and safe work behavior. Results:Of all critical care nurse respondents, 83% perceived that they were more likely than not to have a musculoskeletal injury within 1 year. On average, nurses perceived the risk of musculoskeletal injury as lower to themselves than to coworkers. This more positive perception of risk to self had stronger correlations with symptom experiences. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that higher risk perception of injury was associated with greater job strain, greater physical workload, lack of availability of lifting devices or lifting teams, and more symptoms. Discussion:Study findings indicated that most critical care nurses were concerned about their ergonomic job risks. Their risk perceptions about musculoskeletal injury risk were affected by physical work exposures, psychosocial job stressors, and experience with musculoskeletal symptoms, but not by perceived workplace safety climate. The findings underscore the need for management efforts to improve physical and psychosocial working conditions and create a safe work environment.
Efficacy of contrast-enhanced CT in assessing the endometrium.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to determine the efficacy of contrast-enhanced CT in detecting a thickened endometrium. We used transvaginal sonography as the reference standard. MATERIALS AND METHODS Between March 2005 and January 2007, data from 259 patients (mean age, 47 years; age range, 18-90 years) who underwent transvaginal sonography and contrast-enhanced CT of the pelvis were analyzed retrospectively. The endometrium was quantitatively measured in millimeters on sonography. On CT it was qualitatively categorized as normal, thickened, indeterminate, or not visualized and compared with the sonography findings and original radiology reports. When the endometrium was indeterminate (thickened or triangular in shape on axial images), sagittal reconstructions were performed for final categorization. Two reviewers evaluated the CT scans and sonograms jointly with differences resolved by consensus. Kappa, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and intraclass correlation statistics were derived. RESULTS The overall sensitivity and specificity of CT in detecting the thickened endometrium was 53.1% and 93.5%, respectively, relative to transvaginal sonography. The positive and negative predictive values were 66.7% and 89.1%, respectively. Kappa, the statistical measure of agreement between CT and sonography data, was 0.5049. All cases of a triangular endometrium were normal in size on sagittal reconstruction images. CONCLUSION Routine pelvic CT correctly identifies a normal endometrium in most patients. Sagittal reconstruction images are helpful to further evaluate the endometrium on CT in cases with a prominent or triangular endometrium because these are often related to uterine version. CT is relatively insensitive in detecting the thickened endometrium but better able to identify gross rather than subtle thickening, which must be further characterized by transvaginal sonography.
2-Amino-1-(3-sulfonatopropyl)pyridinium monohydrate

In the title compound, C8H12N2O3S·H2O, intermolecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H⋯O interactions, which form R 1 2(6) and R 2 2(12) ring motifs, link the components into a three-dimensional network.
A new family of robust sequential partial update least mean M-estimate adaptive filtering algorithms

The sequential-LMS (S-LMS) family of algorithms are designed for partial update adaptive filtering. Like the LMS algorithm, their performance will be severely degraded by impulsive noises. In this paper, we derive the nonlinear least mean M-estimate (LMM) versions of the S-LMS family from robust M-estimation. The resultant algorithms, named the S-LMM family, have the improved performance in impulsive noise environment. Using the Pricepsilas theorem and its extension, the mean and mean square convergence behaviors of the S-LMS and S-LMM families of algorithms are derived both for Gaussian and contaminated Gaussian (CG) additive noises.
Kinetics for Zinc Ion Induced Sepia Pharaonis Arginine Kinase  Inactivation and Aggregation

Arginine kinase is an essential enzyme which is closely related to energy metabolism in marine invertebrates. Arginine kinase provides a significant role in quick response to environmental change and stress. In this study, we simulated a tertiary structure of Sepia pharaonis arginine kinase (SPAK) based on the gene sequence and conducted the molecular dynamics simulations between SPAK and Zn2+. Using these results, the Zn2+ binding sites were predicted and the initial effect of Zn2+ on the SPAK structure was elucidated. Subsequently, the experimental kinetic results were compared with the simulation results. Zn2+ markedly inhibited the activity of SPAK in a manner of non-competitive inhibitions for both arginine and ATP. We also found that Zn2+ binding to SPAK resulted in tertiary conformational change accompanying with the hydrophobic residues exposure. These changes caused SPAK aggregation directly. We screened two protectants, glycine and proline, which effectively prevented SPAK aggregation and recovered the structure and activity. Overall, our study suggested the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ on SPAK and Zn2+ can trigger SPAK aggregation after exposing large extent of hydrophobic surface. The protective effects of glycine and proline against Zn2+ on SPAK folding were also demonstrated.
Outward foreign direct investment and domestic investment: evidence from China

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and domestic investment (DI) in China using co-integration and Granger causality analyses (including bivariate and multivariate Granger causality models). The results suggest that the conclusions drawn from a bivariate model may not be valid because of the omission of important control variables. The results of the multivariate model show that there is a positive long-run unidirectional causal relationship running from OFDI to DI In the short run, DI and OFDI do not show Granger causality.