Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Abnormal spatial asymmetry of selective attention in ADHD.

BACKGROUND Evidence for a selective attention abnormality in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been hard to identify using conventional methods from cognitive science. This study tested whether the presence of selective attention abnormalities in ADHD may vary as a function of perceptual load and target lateralisation. Given evidence of right-hemisphere dysfunction in ADHD we predicted increased interference effects for right, but not left-sided target displays, particularly under low perceptual load. METHOD Fourteen children with ADHD-C and 14 typically developing children were tested on a modified flanker task under low and high perceptual load. We also sought evidence for our hypothesis in a re-analysis of an independent data set (42 ADHD; 34 typically developing) in which load effects on selective attention in ADHD were previously examined (Huang-Pollock, Nigg, & Carr, 2005). RESULTS As predicted, all children showed evidence of greater interference by flankers under low compared with high perceptual load conditions. Crucially, however, children with ADHD showed the greatest interference effect for right-sided target displays under low but not high perceptual load. In contrast, typically developing children showed the greatest interference for left-sided target displays. The magnitude of interference for right-sided targets was also positively correlated with ADHD symptom levels. Re-analysis of an independent data set (Huang-Pollock et al., 2005) further confirmed our findings. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that interference effects in children with ADHD and typically developing children are spatially asymmetrical but opposite in direction. The pattern of right-sided interference effects in children with ADHD suggests disruption within right hemisphere attentional networks in ADHD.
Enchanted Worlds: Visayan Children's Perspectives on Living among Engkanto

In the Visayan Philippines, engkanto are a diverse category of spirits and supernatural entities. Children are seen as especially susceptible to contact with and harm from engkanto, yet their views on these spirits have not been researched. Based on conversations with and drawings by a group of children from an impoverished periurban community, we examine their anxieties, ideas about and experiences of engkanto. Previously conceptualised as relevant to children's lives only as an adult strategy to gain their compliance, engkanto are important to children as they interpret and negotiate the day-to-day challenges of growing up in a deeply distressed environment. Children use engkanto, as do their parents, to explain certain instances of illness and to navigate potentially harmful places within their community. Importantly, children use these spirits to negotiate the specific tensions and contradictions which they face as children growing up in poverty.
Trust in India and Sweden

The authors test the proposition, put forward by Francis Fukuyama, that the higher the level of trust in a country the less corrupt, the more developed, and wealthier its economy will be. They study trust and voluntary cooperation using a one-shot and three-person public goods game experiment in India and Sweden. The results, in line with the proposition, show that the average contribution is significantly larger in Sweden, implying a higher level of trust and cooperation in Sweden than in India. This article provides further evidence on the relationship between trust and economic development. This study differs from previous ones in that it uses a multilateral game experiment to study trust and cooperation rather than a bilateral game experiment. Furthermore, it provides evidence from two countries not studied before in this context.
Time redundancy based soft-error tolerance to rescue nanometer technologies

The increased operating frequencies, geometry shrinking and power supply reduction that accompany the process of very deep submicron scaling, affect the reliable operation of very deep submicron ICs. The effects of various noise sources are becoming of great concern. In particularly, it is predicted that single event upsets induced by alpha particles and cosmic radiation will become a cause of unacceptable error rates in future very deep submicron and nanometer technologies. This problem, concerning in the past more often parts used in space, will affect future ICs at sea level. This challenging problem has to be solved otherwise technological progress will be blocked soon. Thus, fault tolerant design is becoming necessary, even for commodity applications. But economic constraints of commodity applications exclude the use of traditional, high-cost fault tolerant techniques. This work uses time redundancy techniques to derive low cost soft-error tolerant implementations for logic networks.
Psychosocial Characterization of Social Entrepreneurs: A Comparative Study

Abstract Social entrepreneurship is a topic of growing interest that demands empirical studies on different aspects. This is an exploratory study aimed at identifying a distinctive psychosocial profile of social entrepreneurs (SE). We conducted a factorial study in which we distinguished social entrepreneurs (SE), volunteers (VOL), philanthropists (PHI), and commercial entrepreneurs (CE) in several psychosocial variables: personal values, entrepreneurship orientation (proactivity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, risk tendency, and control locus), social motivation, empathy orientation, and career identity. Our working hypothesis was that social entrepreneurs present a particular profile related to values of benevolence and self-direction, high entrepreneurship orientation, ability on taking perspective (empathy), a social motive similar to altruism, and career identity based on service and entrepreneurship. We found evidence to maintain our hypothesis and it was possible to characterize social entrepreneurs. The implications of these findings are discussed in this report.
Parallel programming: design of an overview class

We designed an introductory parallel programming course at the bachelor level. The class differs from other courses in its structure: The course is organized along the tiers of parallelism [25]. The tiers categorize abstractions and concepts that a software developer can choose when crafting a parallel program. The tiers are from higher to lower abstraction levels: (1) automatic/implicit parallelism, e.g., parallel libraries; (2) deterministic parallelism, e.g., at the level of independent loops; (3) explicitly synchronized, e.g., shared memory with locks; (4) low-level concurrent programming with data races, e.g., lock-free data structures. The goal of the class is to introduce fundamental principles of parallel systems and to expose students to all tiers in the architecture of a parallel system. The course serves as a platform for further exploration in specialized classes. The course has a significant share of lab sessions and programming projects. We chose the programming language X10 as the core technology and found that it facilitates the learning and rapid application of concepts at different abstraction layers and programming models. The language permits to specify common forms of parallelism, data sharing, distribution, and synchronization with succinct syntax and support for an eclipse-based IDE. We report on our first experience in teaching this course, which resulted in very positive student feedback.
A clustering algorithm for distributed service registries in heterogeneous wireless networks

In this paper, we present Heterogeneous Network Clustering (HNC), a novel clustering algorithm for the establishment of distributed service registries in heterogeneous stationary wireless networks. HNC is deterministic and distinguishes between nodes that must, may, or must not become cluster heads and/or gateways - hence heterogeneous networks, such that constraints regarding functionality and energy of nodes can be considered. In clustering terminology, HNC determines a 3-hop-connected 1-hop dominating set that respects these constraints and optimizes connectivity between cluster heads through additional gateway nodes. We have evaluated various topologies, and have compared it with existing clustering approaches such as LCA and MaxMinD. Furthermore, we have implemented HNC on small sensor nodes, and have deployed it in a production setting.
Preserving use case flows in source code: Approach, context, and challenges

Being able to see use case steps directly in code would make the intent expressed by the code more comprehensible and easier to maintain. In this paper, an approach to preserving use case flows (of events) in source code called InFlow is presented within a broader context of its application in the software development process along with the issues that remain as challenges. The approach preserves individual steps of use case flows in the form of their counterpart statements, as well as their ordering. This is achieved by mimicking each use case flow by a sequence of method implementations with each step of the use case flow corresponding to one statement in one of these methods, enabled by the annotation named InFlow. A study of implementing an audio streaming service using InFlow, DCI, and aspect-oriented software development with use cases has been performed and assessed using several metrics in order to determine the level of preserving use case flows in source code. Although InFlow introduces a lot of indirect references to code, the overall results speak in favor of InFlow. DCI adds more complexity to following a use case flow in code than other two approaches. Complexity of making a change to a use case flow ended up with closely matching results. But InFlow guarantees traceability of use case implementation from the domain model implementation.
Almost Linear Complexity Methods for Delay-Doppler Channel Estimation

A fundamental task in wireless communication is channel esti- mation: Compute the channel parameters a signal undergoes while traveling from a transmitter to a receiver. In the case of delay-Doppler channel, i.e., a signal undergoes only delay and Doppler shifts, a widely used method to compute delay-Doppler parameters is the pseudo-random method. It uses a pseudo-random sequence of length N; and, in case of non-trivial relative velocity between transmitter and receiver, its computational complexity is O(N 2 logN) arithmetic operations. In (1) the flag method was introduced to provide a faster algorithm for delay-Doppler channel estimation. It uses specially designed flag sequences and its complexity is O(rN logN) for channels of sparsity r. In these notes, we introduce the incidence and cross methods for channel estimation. They use triple-chirp and double-chirp sequences of length N , correspondingly. These sequences are closely related to chirp sequences widely used in radar systems. The arithmetic complexity of the incidence and cross methods isO(N logN +r3), andO(N logN +r2), respectively.
Molecular Anatomy and Number of Antigen Specific CD8 T Cells Required to Cause Type 1 Diabetes

We quantified CD8 T cells needed to cause type 1 diabetes and studied the anatomy of the CD8 T cell/beta (β) cell interaction at the immunologic synapse. We used a transgenic model, in situ tetramer staining to distinguish antigen specific CD8 T cells from total T cells infiltrating islets and a variety of viral mutants selected for functional deletion(s) of various CD8 T cell epitopes. Twenty percent of CD8 T cells in the spleen were specific for all immunodominant and subdominant viral glycoprotein (GP) epitopes. CTLs to the immunodominant LCMV GP33-41 epitope accounted for 63% of the total (12.5% of tetramers). In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated only 1 to 2% of total infiltrating CD8 T cells were specific for GP33 CD8 T cell epitope, yet diabetes occurred in 94% of mice. The immunologic synapse between GP33 CD8 CTL and β cell contained LFA-1 and perforin. Silencing both immunodominant epitopes (GP33, GP276–286) in the infecting virus led to a four-fold reduction in viral specific CD8 CTL responses, negligible lymphocyte infiltration into islets and absence of diabetes.
Processing of unconventional stimuli requires the recruitment of the non-specialized hemisphere

In the present study we investigate hemispheric processing of conventional and unconventional visual stimuli in the context of visual and verbal creative ability. In Experiment 1, we studied two unconventional visual recognition tasks—Mooney face and objects’ silhouette recognition—and found a significant relationship between measures of verbal creativity and unconventional face recognition. In Experiment 2 we used the split visual field (SVF) paradigm to investigate hemispheric processing of conventional and unconventional faces and its relation to verbal and visual characteristics of creativity. Results showed that while conventional faces were better processed by the specialized right hemisphere (RH), unconventional faces were better processed by the non-specialized left hemisphere (LH). In addition, only unconventional face processing by the non-specialized LH was related to verbal and visual measures of creative ability. Our findings demonstrate the role of the non-specialized hemisphere in processing unconventional stimuli and how it relates to creativity.
Periodontal health status and smoking among young adults.

AIM Our aim was to evaluate the periodontal status and present smoking habits among a representative sample of young adult Israelis and to investigate possible associations. MATERIAL AND METHODS A representative sample of young adult Israelis was examined and interviewed on the day of release from compulsory military service. Collected data included demographic background (gender, education level, family size and father's country of origin) and current smoking habits. Clinical examination included the recording of periodontal health status according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). RESULTS Seven thousand and fifty-six young adults were examined. Sixteen per cent were classified as CPI 0, 78% as CPI 1-2 and 6% as CPI 3-4. In total, 36% of the sample reported a current smoking habit. Periodontal status was significantly improved among non-smokers, females and children of fathers born in Israel or Western countries. CONCLUSION Only 7% of the participants demonstrated signs of periodontitis and most young adults did not smoke; a dose-response association was revealed between present smoking habits and periodontal disease.
Verifying eventual consistency of optimistic replication systems

We address the verification problem of eventual consistency of optimistic replication systems. Such systems are typically used to implement distributed data structures over large scale networks. We introduce a formal definition of eventual consistency that applies to a wide class of existing implementations, including the ones using speculative executions. Then, we reduce the problem of checking eventual consistency to reachability and model checking problems. This reduction enables the use of existing verification tools for message-passing programs in the context of verifying optimistic replication systems. Furthermore, we derive from these reductions decision procedures for checking eventual consistency of systems implemented as finite-state programs communicating through unbounded unordered channels.
Informative mobility scheduling for mobile data collector in wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we study the issue of mobility scheduling for mobile data collector (MDC) in wireless sensor networks. Most existing work in this area focuses on geometric-based optimization without considering the spatial correlation among different locations. In this paper, we study the mobility scheduling problem from the informative perspective by using Gaussian process to capture the spatial correlation of real world phenomena. Based on the Gaussian process model and collected sensing data from a number of sensor nodes in the network, one can predict the sensing values at the remaining interesting locations and can further estimate the prediction accuracy. This approach can potentially shorten the length of data collection tour with small penalty in data accuracy. We use the mutual information maximization criteria to evaluate the quality of a data collection tour. We accordingly formulate the informative mobility scheduling problem which finds the data collection tour with the maximal mutual information under certain mobility constraint. The problem is shown to be NP-hard and we accordingly propose two efficient heuristic algorithms. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms by comparing them with geometric-based algorithms through extensive simulations and the results show that our algorithms can return much shorter tours while achieving the same level of data quality.
Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 46(1997), 51-85 DUALITY AND EQUILIBRIUM PRICES IN ECONOMICS OF UNCERTAINTY

A random variable (RV) X is given a minimum selling price (S) SU (X) := sup x {x + EU(X− x)} and a maximum buying price (B) BP (X) := inf x {x + EP (X− x)} where U(·) and P (·) are appropriate functions. These prices are derived from considerations of stochastic optimization with recourse, and are called recourse certainty equivalents (RCE’s) of X. Both RCE’s compute the “value” of a RV as an optimization problem, and both problems (S) and (B) have meaningful dual problems, stated in terms of the Csiszár φ–divergence
Social exclusion and inclusion of young immigrants

Social exclusion is a term which was introduced in the social sciences in the early 1990s in order to extend the focus beyond poverty by focusing on the relation between the individual and the society. During later years, it has been common to speak of a new social exclusion perspective, which is better fit to analyze the more heterogeneous, multicultural and complex society (Body-Gendrot, 2002). In this article, I will focus on the social exclusion in different arenas, thus underlining the multi-dimensional aspect of social exclusion. The underlying question is: ‘What is it that contributes to social exclusion of young adult immigrants in different social settings? ’ and ‘How do young adult immigrants with different backgrounds experience social exclusion in different social arenas? ’ I will distinguish between educational exclusion, labour market exclusion, spatial exclusion, relational exclusion and finally, socio-political exclusion. The combination of information from macro-oriented quantitative research and its focus on structural explanations and micro-oriented qualitative research and its focus on agency together make a holistic picture of social exclusion which underlines its dynamic, complex and multi-dimensional character.
Photographic defocusing: a means to render recognizable line traced models of negatively stained biological specimens

A simple method of obtaining analogue images from traced models of biological specimens is presented. It consists of the photographic defocusing of traced models and it is illustrated with negatively stained cylindrical forms of the ASFV; the black lines of the trace in the model correspond to the negative stain surrounding the viral morphological subunits as seen in the electron micrograph. The photographic defocusing is the means by which the traced model is filtered and is used to introduce grey levels on an otherwise black and white image. The right amount of defocusing is attained when the width of the trace of the model equals the width of the rim of the negative stain appearing between the morphological subunits in the electron micrograph.
Designing a Document Retrieval Service with Onto ⇔ SOA

We describeOnto⇔SOA– an approach to integrate ontologies and Service-Oriented Architectures (SOA) to provide a simple yet effective mechanism for representing and exploiting both conceptualand behavioraldomain aspects. We interpret SOA as n architectural styleconstrained to induce the domain alignmentand loose couplingcharacteristics on a compliant architecture. By introducing ontologies into SOA we enhance these characteristics and supply an explicitconceptual domain model facilitating interoperability between a service and a consumer. We apply Onto⇔SOAto the document retrieval task that provides a basis for comparing the proposed approach to Semantic Web Services.
Efficient routing for PPETP in multimedia cloud services

The Peer-to-Peer Epi-Transport Protocol (PPETP) [1] is a peer-to-peer protocol designed for multimedia data distribution between end users. While its robustness and flexibility are attractive properties for multimedia cloud services, its lack of routing poses an issue if distant or specific nodes must be reached to, for example, provide service, or cloud interoperability. This paper describes an extension to the PPETP that provides fast routing based on Dynamic Linked Data Structures (DLDS) and hierarchical topology aggregation. We provide a hierarchical routing algorithm with low runtime complexity that offers PPETP several suitable paths needed to draw full benefit from its ability to send multiple reduced streams. DLDS are used to speed-up the routing of packets belonging to long-lasting streams, in periods where their paths do not change. We describe the challenges encountered implementing this solution, and evaluate its performance through simulation.
Observation of negative-frequency waves in a water tank: a classical analogue to the Hawking effect?

The conversion of positive-frequency waves into negative-frequency waves at the event horizon is the mechanism at the heart of the Hawking radiation of black holes. In black-hole analogues, horizons are formed for waves propagating in a medium against the current when and where the flow exceeds the wave velocity. We report on the first direct observation of negative-frequency waves converted from positive-frequency waves in a moving medium. The measured degree of mode conversion is significantly higher than that expected from the theory.
Polymorphism of HSD17B1 Ser312Gly with Cancer Risk: Evidence from 66,147 Subjects

Hydroxysteroid (17-beta)dehydrogenase 1(HSD17B1) plays a central role in sex steroid hormone metabolism. HSD17B1 polymorphic variants may contribute to cancer susceptibility. Numerous investigations have been conducted to assess the association between HSD17B1 Ser312Gly polymorphism and cancer risk in multiple ethnicities, yet these have produced inconsistent results. We therefore performed this comprehensive meta-analysis to attempt to provide a quality assessment of the association of interest. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of associations. After a systematic literature search of several major public databases, 20 studies involving 29,460 cases and 36,687 controls were included in this meta-analysis. No significant association was found between HSD17B1 Ser312Gly polymorphism and cancer risk. However, Ser312Gly polymorphism showed a significantly decreased risk for Caucasians (there were 44,284 Caucasians for analysis, comprising 19,889 cases and 24,395 controls) in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity (dominant: OR = 0.958, 95% CI = 0.919–0.998; and allele comparing: OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.947–0.999). And there was the same trend towards risk in the population-based (PB) controls (homozygous: OR = 0.951, 95% CI = 0.908–0.997 and allele comparing: OR = 0.976, 95% CI = 0.954–0.999), but not among Asians or hospital-based (HB) controls. In addition, no association was observed in the stratified analysis for breast cancer studies by source of control, ethnicity and quality score. These findings suggested that the HSD17B1 Ser312Gly polymorphism might confer genetic cancer susceptibility in an ethnic-dependent manner, especially among Caucasians. Well-designed, large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings.