Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anterior pituitary cells defective in the cell-autonomous factor, df, undergo cell lineage specification but not expansion.

The Ames dwarf mouse transmits a recessive mutation (df) resulting in a profound anterior pituitary hypocellularity due to a general lack of thyrotropes, somatotropes and lactotropes. These cell types are also dependent on the pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1. We present evidence that expression of Pit-1 and limited commitment to these cells lineages occurs in df/df pituitaries. Thus, the crucial role of df may be in lineage-specific proliferation, rather than cytodifferentiation. The presence of all three Pit-1-dependent cell types in clonally derived clusters provides compelling evidence that these three lineages share a common, pluripotent precursor cell. Clusters containing different combinations of Pit-1-dependent cell types suggests that the Pit-1+ precursor cells choose from multiple developmental options during ontogeny. Characterization of df/df<-->+/+ chimeric mice demonstrated that df functions by a cell-autonomous mechanism. Therefore, df and Pit-1 are both cell-autonomous factors required for thyrotrope, somatotrope and lactotrope ontogeny, but their relative roles are different.
Compositional type-checking for delta-oriented programming

Delta-oriented programming is a compositional approach to flexibly implementing software product lines. A product line is represented by a code base and a product line declaration. The code base consists of a set of delta modules specifying modifications to object-oriented programs. The product line declaration provides the connection of the delta modules with the product features. This separation increases the reusability of delta modules. In this paper, we provide a foundation for compositional type checking of delta-oriented product lines of Java programs by presenting a minimal core calculus for delta-oriented programming. The calculus is equipped with a constraint-based type system that allows analyzing each delta module in isolation, such that that also the results of the analysis can be reused. By combining the analysis results for the delta modules with the product line declaration it is possible to establish that all the products of the product line are well-typed according to the Java type system.
Identifying the Dimensionality of Oral Language Skills of Children With Typical Development in Preschool Through Fifth Grade.

Purpose Language is a multidimensional construct from prior to the beginning of formal schooling to near the end of elementary school. The primary goals of this study were to identify the dimensionality of language and to determine whether this dimensionality was consistent in children with typical language development from preschool through 5th grade. Method In a large sample of 1,895 children, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 19-20 measures of language intended to represent 6 factors, including domains of vocabulary and syntax/grammar across modalities of expressive and receptive language, listening comprehension, and vocabulary depth. Results A 2-factor model with separate, highly correlated vocabulary and syntax factors provided the best fit to the data, and this model of language dimensionality was consistent from preschool through 5th grade. Conclusion This study found that there are fewer dimensions than are often suggested or represented by the myriad subtests in commonly used standardized tests of language. The identified 2-dimensional (vocabulary and syntax) model of language has significant implications for the conceptualization and measurement of the language skills of children in the age range from preschool to 5th grade, including the study of typical and atypical language development, the study of the developmental and educational influences of language, and classification and intervention in clinical practice. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5154220.
Assessing predictions of fitness effects of missense mutations in SUMO‐conjugating enzyme UBE2I

The exponential growth of genomic variants uncovered by next‐generation sequencing necessitates efficient and accurate computational analyses to predict their functional effects. A number of computational methods have been developed for the task, but few unbiased comparisons of their performance are available. To fill the gap, The Critical Assessment of Genome Interpretation (CAGI) comprehensively assesses phenotypic predictions on newly collected experimental datasets. Here, we present the results of the SUMO conjugase challenge where participants were predicting functional effects of missense mutations in human SUMO‐conjugating enzyme UBE2I. The performance of the predictors is similar to each other and is far from perfection. Evolutionary information from sequence alignments dominates the success: deleterious mutations at conserved positions and benign mutations at variable positions are accurately predicted. Prediction accuracy of other mutations remains unsatisfactory, and this fast‐growing field of research is yet to learn the use of spatial structure information to improve the predictions significantly.
Hyperosmotic shock induces the σ32 and σE stress regulons of Escherichia coli

The rise in the levels of σS that accompanies hyperosmotic shock plays an important role in Escherichia coli survival by increasing the transcription of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of osmoprotectants. To determine if other stress regulons collaborate with σS in dealing with high osmolality, we used single copy fusions of lacZ to representative promoters induced by protein misfolding in the cytoplasm (dnaK and ibp ), extracytoplasmic stress [P3rpoH and htrA(degP )] and cold shock (cspA). Both the σ32‐dependent, dnaK and ibp, promoters, and the σE‐dependent, P3rpoH and htrA, promoters were rapidly but transiently induced when mid‐exponential phase cells were treated with 0.464 M sucrose. The cspA promoter, however, did not respond to the same treatment. Overproduction of the cytoplasmic domain of the σE anti‐sigma factor, RseA, reduced the magnitude of osmotic induction in λφ(P3rpoH::lacZ ) lysogens, but had no effect on the activation of the dnaK and ibp promoters. Similarly, induction of the dnaK::lacZ and ibp::lacZ fusions was not altered in either rpoS or ompR genetic backgrounds. Osmotic upshift led to a twofold increase in the enzymatic activity of the λTLF247 rpoH::lacZ translational fusion whether or not the cells were treated with rifampicin, indicating that both heat shock and exposure to high osmolality trigger a transient increase in rpoH translation. Our results suggest that the σ32, σE and σS regulons closely co‐operate in the managment of hyperosmotic stress. Induction of the σ32 and σE regulons appears to be an emergency response required to repair protein misfolding and facilitate the proper folding of proteins that are rapidly synthesized following loss of turgor, while providing a mechanism to increase the activity of σS, the primary stress factor in osmoadaptation.
Precise Near-to-Head Acoustics with Binaural Synthesis

For enhanced immersion into a virtual scene more than just the visual sense should be addressed by a Virtual Reality system. Additional auditory stimulation appears to have much potential, as it realizes a multisensory system. This is especially useful when the user does not have to wear any additional hardware, e.g., headphones. Creating a virtual sound scene with spatially distributed sources requires a technique for adding spatial cues to audio signals and an appropriate reproduction. In this paper we present a real-time audio rendering system that combines dynamic crosstalk cancellation and multi-track binaural synthesis for virtual acoustical imaging. This provides the possibility of simulating spatially distributed sources and, in addi
Microfluidics and Integrated Optics Glass Sensor for In-Line Microprobing of Nuclear Samples

We study the miniaturization of Thermal Lens Spectrometry (TLS) towards Lab-on-chip integration in order to reduce the volume of fluid assays in nuclear process control. TLS is of great interest in this context since it combines the advantages of optical detection methods with an inherent suitability for small-scale samples. After validating the experimental principle in a classical thermal lens crossed-beam setup, we show the integration of a Young-interferometer with a microcapillary on a glass substrate, reducing the necessary sample size to 400 nl. The interferometer translates the photothermally induced refractive index change in the fluid to a phase shift of the fringe pattern, which can then be detected by a camera. Measurements of Co(II) in ethanol yield a detection limit of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$c = 5 \times 10^{-4}$</tex> </formula> M for the crossed-beam setup and <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$c = 6 \times 10^{-3}$</tex></formula> M for the integrated sensor. At an interaction length of 10 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula>m, it detects a minimum absorbance of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$K = 1.2 \times 10^{-4}$</tex></formula> in a probed volume of 14 pl.
On Information Coverage for Location Category Based Point-of-Interest Recommendation

Point-of-interest(POI) recommendation becomes a valuable service in location-based social networks. Based on the norm that similar users are likely to have similar preference of POIs, the current recommendation techniques mainly focus on users' preference to provide accurate recommendation results. This tends to generate a list of homogeneous POIs that are clustered into a narrow band of location categories(like food, museum, etc.) in a city. However, users are more interested to taste a wide range of flavors that are exposed in a global set of location categories in the city.In this paper, we formulate a new POI recommendation problem, namely top-K location category based POI recommendation, by introducing information coverage to encode the location categories of POIs in a city.The problem is NP-hard. We develop a greedy algorithm and further optimization to solve this challenging problem. The experimental results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the utility of new POI recommendations and the superior performance of the proposed algorithms.
Pengembangan Instrumen Minat Vokasional Berbasis Tipologi Holland untuk Eksplorasi Karir Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) menemukan dimensi, aspek dan indikator minat vokasional sebagai dasar penyusunan instrument pengukuran minat vokasional berbasis tipologi Holland untuk eksplorasi karir siswa sekolah menengah pertama (SMP), (2) mengembangkan instrumen model summated rating scale yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur minat vokasional siswa SMP, (3) menguji validitas dan reliabilitas instrument sekaligus menguji model pengukuran minat vokasional siswa SMP , (4) menghasilkan pedoman penggunaan dan pedoman intepretasi dari intrumen minat vokasional berbasis tipologi Holland untuk membantu eksplorasi karir siswa SMP dalam menetapkan pilihan terhadap pendidikan lanjutan, dan (5) menghasilkan tipologi minat dari siswa-siswa yang telah menjalani proses pendidikan di SMA dan SMK yang dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan atau standar untuk memberikan rekomendasi terhadap pemilihan pendidikan lanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan research and development (R & D). Proses pengembangan instrumen yang dilakukan terdiri dari: (1) tahap pra-pengembangan yangmeliputi kajian teori minat vokasional dan telaah hasil penelitian yang relefan; (2) tahap pengembangan yang meliputi a) menentukan spesifikasi produk dan butir-butir instrumen, b) telaah ahli psikologi dan psikometri, c) analisis hasil uji coba dan perbaikan hingga menghasilkan produk akhir yang siap disajikan ; dan (3) tahap penerapan instrumen, yang meliputi penyajian instrumen minat vokasional, skoring dan interpretasinya.Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen dianalisis dengan Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) dalam Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) melalui bantuan program LISREL 8,80. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) instrumen yang dihasilkan adalah skala inventori model summated rating scale dengan nama Instrumen Minat Vokasional yang terdiri dari 24 butir yang mendiskripsikan aspek minat vokasional; dan (2) instrumen ini dinyatakan valid, dengan nilai faktor loading terendah 0,61 dan tertinggi 0,89 (standar nilainya >0,50). Reliabilitas instrumen adalah signifikan yang ditunjukkan oleh besaran nilai reliabilitas konstruknya 0,80(>0,70). Model pengukuran minat vokasional dengan enam aspek yang diambil dari tipologi Holand yaitu reaslitc, invenstigative, artistic, social, enterprising dan conventional (RIASEC) dinyatakan fit, ditandai dengan Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0,039 (< 0,08). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa model pengukuran minat vokasional yang dihipotesiskan sesuai dengan data sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa model yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi matrik kovarian populasi tidak berbeda dengan matrik kovarian sampel sehingga hasil estimasi yang diperoleh dari data sampel dapat dijadikan sebagai basis untuk membuat generalisasi.
The formal and informal institutional framework of capital accumulation October 2013

This paper studies the impact of social trust and formal legal and institutional determinants of capital accumulation in a panel of countries. It reports that formal determinants and trust interact, and that the two are substitutes. Specifically, the marginal impact of formal legal institutions decreases with trust, and vice versa. These findings apply both to total investment and to its foreign component, foreign direct investment.
Effects of Ownership Rights on Conflicts between Toddler Peers.

This study examined property conflicts in thirty-two 20- and 30-month-old peer dyads during eighteen 40-min play sessions. Ownership influenced conflicts. Both 20- and 30-month-old owners claimed ownership (“mine”) and instigated and won property conflicts more often than non-owners. At 30 months, owners also resisted peers’ instigations more often than non-owners. Mothers’ interventions supported non-owners more often than owners, in part because owners initiated conflict more frequently. Children who received mothers’ support tended to win disputes. Finally, mothers’ support of owners and children’s adherence to ownership rights led to decreased conflict as relationships developed, supporting predictions based on theories concerning the social utility of ownership rights.
Poverty and Inequality of Living Standards in Cameroon: A Micro-Multidimensional Approach (Pauvreté Et Inégalités Des Conditions De Vie Au Cameroun: Une Approche Micro Multidimensionnelle)

Cette etude dresse un profil de pauvrete multidimensionnelle non monetaire au Cameroun et en teste la concordance avec le profil de pauvrete monetaire disponible. Elle est structuree autour d’un indicateur composite qui rend compte de la diversite des conditions de vie des menages au Cameroun. La pertinence economique et empirique de cet indicateur est d’abord discutee, avant sa construction par une analyse factorielle multiple. La pauvrete des conditions de vie se traduit par l’exclusion des menages de la consommation de certaines commodites de base, du fait de leur indisponibilite ou leur faible accessibilite. Elle est plus marquee que la pauvrete monetaire, positivement mais imparfaitement correlee a cette derniere et tend a mieux rendre compte de l’etat de pauvrete des menages tel qu’ils le percoivent. En outre, les conditions de vie sont plus inegalitaires dans des contextes de forte pauvrete – par exemple en milieu rural – alors que la distribution des revenus est plus inegalitaire dans des contextes ou le niveau de pauvrete est faible – par exemple en milieu urbain. Ces resultats appellent des strategies mixtes de lutte, particulierement ciblees selon le cycle de vie des individus, la zone agro ecologique et le groupe socioeconomique.
Continuous Monitoring of Intrathoracic Impedance and Right Ventricular Pressures in Patients With Heart Failure

Background—Hemodynamic monitoring using implantable devices may provide early warning of volume overload in patients with heart failure (HF). This study was designed to prospectively compare information from intrathoracic impedance monitoring and continuous right ventricular pressure measurements in patients with HF. Methods and Results—Sixteen patients with HF (age, 63.5±13.8 years; left ventricular ejection fraction, 23.2±11.3%; New York Heart Association, II and III) and a previous HF decompensation received both a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator providing a daily average of intrathoracic impedance and an implantable hemodynamic monitor providing an estimate of the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. At the end of a 6-month investigator-blinded period, baseline reference hemodynamic values were determined over 4 weeks during which the patient was clinically stable. A major HF event was defined as HF decompensation requiring hospitalization, IV diuretic treatment, or leading to death. Sixteen major HF events occurred in 10 patients. Within 30 days and 14 days before a major HF event, impedance decreased by 0.12±0.21 &OHgr;/d and 0.20±0.20 &OHgr;/d, respectively, whereas estimated pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure increased by 0.10±0.20 mm Hg/d and 0.16±0.15 mm Hg/d, respectively. During these periods, impedance decreased by 3.8±5.4 &OHgr; (P<0.02) and 4.9±6.1 &OHgr; (P<0.007), respectively, whereas estimated pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure increased by 5.8±5.7 mm Hg (P<0.002) and 6.8±6.1 mm Hg (P<0.001), respectively, compared with baseline. In all patients, impedance and estimated pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure were inversely correlated (r=−0.48±0.25). Within 30 days preceding a major HF event, this correlation improved to r=−0.58±0.24. Conclusions—Decompensated HF develops based on hemodynamic derangements and is preceded by significant changes in intrathoracic impedance and right ventricular pressures during the month prior to a major clinical event. Impedance and pressure changes are moderately correlated. Future research may establish the complementary contribution of both parameters to guide diagnosis and management of patients with HF by implantable devices.
Testing the “Black Code”

The present experiment examined identity denial and reduced empathy for in-group (vs. out-group) targets as a function of the racial composition of their social networks. Black participants rated in-group (Black) targets as more weakly racially identified and expressed less empathy for in-group targets with cross-race close friends versus same-race close friends or no friends. Furthermore, the effect of social network composition on empathy was mediated by perceived racial identity. These findings were limited to the in-group target. Although the out-group (White) target was rated as more weakly identified when shown with cross-race close friends versus same-race close friends or no friends, neither social network composition nor perceived racial identity predicted empathy for the out-group target. These findings extend previous research on identity denial and suggest that, for Blacks, closely associating with Whites undermines the usually robust pattern of in-group empathy.
Fusing Time-of-Flight Cameras and Inertial Measurement Units for Ego-Motion Estimation

This paper presents an approach for ego-motion estimation based on a Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera. It is applied in real-time on a mobile robot platform during mission. The proposed method utilizes the coherence of depth and reflectance data of ToF cameras by detecting image features on reflectance data and estimating the motion on related depth data. This motion estimate is fused with data from an inertial measurement unit in order to gain higher accuracy and robustness, especially in situations when image registration fails. Results are benchmarked against reference poses from an accurate laser ranger finder-based localization.
Fast inference of ill-posed problems within a convex space

In multiple scientific and technological applications we face the problem of having low dimensional data to be justified by a linear model defined in a high dimensional parameter space. The difference in dimensionality makes the problem ill-defined: the model is consistent with the data for many values of its parameters. The objective is to find the probability distribution of parameter values consistent with the data, a problem that can be cast as the exploration of a high dimensional convex polytope. In this work we introduce a novel algorithm to solve this problem efficiently. It provides results that are statistically indistinguishable from currently used numerical techniques while its running time scales linearly with the system size. We show that the algorithm performs robustly in many abstract and practical applications. As working examples we simulate the effects of restricting reaction fluxes on the space of feasible phenotypes of a genome scale Escherichia coli metabolic network and infer the traffic flow between origin and destination nodes in a real communication network.
Point sets simplification using local surface analysis

This paper studies the problem of simplifying densely distributed point-sampled models. Many computer graphics applications call for vivid, full detail models. However, the level of detail necessary is more important than this need for fidelity in rendering system. So it is useful to obtain simple versions of complex models. We have developed a novel simplification algorithm which can preserve the shape information such as sharp corner of the original point set. The underlying simplification principle is based on the local surface analysis of each sample point. Our method decimates only one point every time from the pointsampled models to be simplified. The algorithm supports the generation of progressive and multiresolution expression of the input point set, and thus can be applied to progressive transmission over a network with limited bandwidth. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method are validated and illustrated through case studies.
Multi-source named entity typing for social media

Typed lexicons that encode knowledge about the semantic types of an entity name, e.g., that ‘Paris’ denotes a geolocation , product , or person , have proven useful for many text processing tasks. While lexicons may be derived from large-scale knowledge bases (KBs), KBs are inherently imperfect, in particular they lack coverage with respect to long tail entity names. We infer the types of a given entity name using multi-source learning, considering information obtained by alignment to the Freebase knowledge base, Web-scale distributional patterns, and global semi-structured contexts retrieved by means of Web search. Evaluation in the challenging domain of social media shows that multi-source learning improves performance compared with rule-based KB lookups, boosting typing results for some semantic categories.
Covariance-Assisted Matching Pursuit

We consider the problem of greedy sparse approximation in the presence of noise, given a-priori knowledge of the sparse coefficients' covariance and mean. The proposed Covariance-Assisted Matching Pursuit (CAMP) combines the a-priori knowledge by leveraging the Gauss-Markov theorem, and provides significantly better performance than the classical Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). This improvement is achieved by solving in each matching pursuit stage a weighted least-squares problem that provides the best linear unbiased estimator of the sparse representation. The covariance and mean of the sparse representation coefficients can be estimated by a simple procedure from training data, and the advantage of the proposed approach is demonstrated for the tasks of denoising and inpainting 150,000 patches from natural images.