Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muscle Activation During Selected Strength Exercises in Women With Chronic Neck Muscle Pain

Background and Purpose: Muscle-specific strength training has previously been shown to be effective in the rehabilitation of chronic neck muscle pain in women. The aim of this study was to determine the level of activation of the neck and shoulder muscles using surface electromyography (EMG) during selected strengthening exercises in women undergoing rehabilitation for chronic neck muscle pain (defined as a clinical diagnosis of trapezius myalgia). Subjects: The subjects were 12 female workers (age=30–60 years) with a clinical diagnosis of trapezius myalgia and a mean baseline pain intensity of 5.6 (range=3–8) on a scale of 0 to 9. Method: Electromyographic activity in the trapezius and deltoid muscles was measured during the exercises (lateral raises, upright rows, shrugs, one-arm rows, and reverse flys) and normalized to EMG activity recorded during a maximal voluntary static contraction (MVC). Results: For most exercises, the level of muscle activation was relatively high (>60% of MVC), highlighting the effectiveness and specificity of the respective exercises. For the trapezius muscle, the highest level of muscle activation was found during the shrug (102±11% of MVC), lateral raise (97±6% of MVC), and upright row (85±5% of MVC) exercises, but the latter 2 exercises required smaller training loads (3–10 kg) compared with the shrug exercise (20–30 kg). Discussion and Conclusion: The lateral raise and upright row may be suitable alternatives to shrugs during rehabilitation of chronic neck muscle pain. Several of the strength exercises had high activation of neck and shoulder muscles in women with chronic neck pain. These exercises can be used equally in the attempt to achieve a beneficial treatment effect on chronic neck muscle pain.
Four years of Landsat-7 on-orbit geometric calibration and performance

Unlike its predecessors, Landsat-7 has undergone regular geometric and radiometric performance monitoring and calibration since launch in April 1999. This ongoing activity, which includes issuing quarterly updates to calibration parameters, has generated a wealth of geometric performance data over the four-year on-orbit period of operations. A suite of geometric characterization (measurement and evaluation procedures) and calibration (procedures to derive improved estimates of instrument parameters) methods are employed by the Landsat-7 Image Assessment System to maintain the geometric calibration and to track specific aspects of geometric performance. These include geodetic accuracy, band-to-band registration accuracy, and image-to-image registration accuracy. These characterization and calibration activities maintain image product geometric accuracy at a high level-by monitoring performance to determine when calibration is necessary, generating new calibration parameters, and verifying that new parameters achieve desired improvements in accuracy. Landsat-7 continues to meet and exceed all geometric accuracy requirements, although aging components have begun to affect performance.
Real-Time Forecasting for Monetary Policy Analysis: The Case of Sveriges Riksbank

We evaluate forecasts made in real time to support monetary policy decisions at Sveriges Riksbank (the central bank of Sweden) from 2007 to 2013. We compare forecasts made with a DSGE model and a BVAR model with judgemental forecasts published by the Riksbank, and we evaluate the usefulness of conditioning information for the model-based forecasts. We also study the perceived usefulness of model forecasts for central bank policymakers when producing the judgemental forecasts.
Embodied health: the effects of a mind–body course for medical students

Objective An effective career in medicine requires empathy and compassion, yet the demands of a medical education increase stress and decrease students’ ability to connect with patients. However, research suggests mind-body practices improve psychological well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the psychological effects on medical students of an 11-week elective course, Embodied Health or EH, which combines yoga and meditation with neuroscience didactics. Methods The effects on 27 first- and second-year medical students were evaluated via surveys in four areas: empathy, perceived stress, self-regulation, and self-compassion. Scales used were 1. Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, which measures empathy among health students and professionals and medical students on a scale of 1 (least empathetic) to 7 (most empathetic); 2. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, a measure of the perceived uncontrollability of respondents' lives, from 0 (least stressed) to 4 (most stressed); 3. Self-Regulation Questionnaire, which measures the development and maintenance of planned behavior to achieve goals, from 1 (least self-regulated) to 5 (most self-regulated); and 4. Self-Compassion Scale, which measures self-criticism, from 1 (least self-compassionate) to 5 (most self-compassionate). Students also reflected on EH's impact on their well-being in a post-course essay. Results Self-regulation and self-compassion rose 0.13 (SD 0.20, p = 0.003) and 0.28 (SD 0.61, p = 0.04), respectively. Favorable changes were also seen in empathy and perceived stress, which went up by 0.11 (SD 0.50, p = 0.30) and down by 0.05 (SD 0.62, p = 0.70), respectively; these changes did not reach statistical significance. Students’ essays were found to discuss the following recurrent themes: 1) Reconnection between mind and body; 2) Community in a competitive environment; 3) Increased mindfulness; 4) Confidence in use of mind-body skills with patients; and 5) Stress management. These themes overlapped with the measures EH affected quantitatively. Conclusion A mind-body course for medical students increased self-regulation and self-compassion. Qualitative themes discussed in students’ post-course essays reflected these effects.
An algorithm for direct 4-D PET image reconstruction/non-rigid motion estimation with limited MRI prior information

MP-JRM performs better in situations where JRM and MRI-IR under-perform. This is because MP-JR relies on both MRI and PET data, whereas JRM and MRI-IR rely on one modality only. In addition, results tend to show that with temporal smoothing on B-spline parameters, a subset of MRI volumes gives enough information to compensate for motion. Further work is in progress to analyse variance and bias as well as reconstruction from real gated data.
Medical Errors Education: A Prospective Study of a New Educational Tool

Medical errors training is an important yet often overlooked aspect of medical education. A medical errors educational session was developed for rotating medical students (MSs) with prospective analysis of the educational tool. Students completed the same 12-question test before and after the educational session and a long-term posttest 1 to 12 months later. Control students who did not take part in the session completed the test twice with a 6-month interval. In all, 51 students completed a pretest and a short-term posttest, and 35 students completed a long-term posttest. Test scores for the study group increased significantly from a pretest mean of 29.3% to a short-term posttest mean of 73.7% ( P < .001) and a long-term posttest mean of 49.1% (P < .001). Long-term test scores for 24 control group students were significantly lower (P < .001). This brief educational intervention led to statistically significant improved performance in general understanding of medical errors and could be a useful tool to enhance MS awareness and proactive handling of medical errors.
More Realistic Soil Cleanup Standards with Dual‐Equilibrium Desorption

The desorption of contaminants from soils/sediments is one of the most important processes controlling contaminant transport and environmental risks. None of the currently adopted desorption models can accurately quantify desorption at relatively low concentrations; these models often overestimate the desorption and thus the risks of hydrophobic organic chemicals, such as benzene and chlorinated solvents. In reality, desorption is generally found to be biphasic, with two soil‐phase compartments. A new dual‐equilibrium desorption (DED) model has been developed to account for the biphasic desorption. This model has been tested using a wide range of laboratory and field data and has been used to explain key observations related to underground storage tank plumes. The DED model relates the amount of a chemical sorbed to the aqueous concentration, with simple parameters including octanol‐water partition coefficient, solubility, and fractional organic carbon; thus, it is the only biphasic model, to date, that is based on readily available parameters. The DED model can be easily incorporated into standard risk and transport models. According to this model, many regulatory standards of soils and sediments could be increased without increasing the risks.
Incidence, increasing prevalence, and predictors of change in obesity and fat distribution over 5 years in the rapidly developing population of Mauritius.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and trends in prevalence of obesity and adverse fat distribution in Mauritius over 5 years. DESIGN Prevalence studies were conducted in 1987 and 1992, incidence was estimated in a sub-sample of subjects attending on both occasions. SUBJECTS 5021 Indian, Creole and Chinese Mauritian adults aged 25-74 were examined in 1987, in 1992 5111 subjects were examined, of whom 3667 had data from 1987. MEASUREMENTS Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and 75g oral glucose tolerance test. Questionnaire data were collected on parity, physical activity, smoking, education and income. RESULTS The prevalence of 'overweight or obesity' (BMI > 25 kg/m2) increased from 26.1% to 35.7% in men and from 37.9% to 47.7% in women. The prevalence of abdominal obesity (WHR > 85 percentile in 1987 for each sex) also increased. The cumulative incidence of overweight or obesity in men ranged from 10.8% in Chinese to 18.2% in Creoles, and in women from 16.1% to 27.5% in Chinese and Creoles, respectively. The incidence of abdominal obesity exceeded 20% in Indian men and Indian and Creole women. Increases in BMI were predicted by younger age, leanness, non-diabetic glucose tolerance, smoking cessation (men) and multiparity and lower baseline income (women). Increases in WHR were predicted by ethnicity and BMI in men, and by glucose tolerance and BMI in women. CONCLUSION The increases in obesity observed in this study occurred despite concurrent national programs promoting a healthy diet and increased physical activity. This highlights the difficulty of reversing the adverse effects of lifestyle change in rapidly modernising populations.
HOAS and strong normalization - an exercise in HOAS -

We develop some Higher-Order Abstract Syntax (HOAS) concepts and proof principles as a collection of definitions and propositions on top of the original syntax with bindings. Our approach brings together hassle-free (i.e., binding- and substitution-free) manipulation of the objects on the one hand, and inductive reasoning about the same objects on the other. We present our approach by providing adequate representations of the untyped -calculus, its reduction and its Curry-style System F typing. The HOAS induction and recursion principles extracted from the encoding are illustrated by employing them in tandem to naturally (re)discover a proof of strong normalization for typable terms in System F.
Cultural dimension in emotion recognition for human machine interaction

Human emotion recognition is a multidimensional task. In this paper we study the effect of the cultural dimension in emotion recognition models and their use in human computer interaction. We prepared two experiments to analyze the consequences of disregarding culture in emotion recognition models. The results show that failing to consider the user's culture while applying emotion recognition techniques in interaction scenarios decreases the system's performance, making the emotional input meaningless and detrimental to the system and interaction.
Great Company, Great Investment Revisited

Fortune magazine publishes an annual list of America’s most-admired companies. These companies’ virtues are well known and presumably already factored into stock prices, yet Anderson and Smith found that a portfolio of the 10 most admired stocks outperformed the overall market by a substantial and statistically significant margin over the first 22 years that the list was compiled. This article uses 10 additional years of data to see whether this finding is replicated or refuted.
Process and Product Metrics to Assess Quality of Software Evolution

During the evolution of a software system, bugs are found and fixed, and also the system is adapted to meet the new set of requirements. In terms of software evolution, quality is related to the ease of the application to accommodate major changes. The continuing change process deteriorates the design of the system and, further increases the complexity of the software and the system becomes more difficult to evolve. A well designed software product is supposed to incorporate changes easily. So improvements in design structure may also determine the ease with which the software evolves. This paper analyzes the phenomenon with the help of software metrics. It employs process and product metrics to analyze a large software product to assess its internal structure and its ease of evolution. The metrics data indicates that the internal structure of the software product has improved over time and so has the quality of its software evolution.
Non‐linear random effects models with continuous time autoregressive errors: a Bayesian approach

Measurements on subjects in longitudinal medical studies are often collected at several different times or under different experimental conditions. Such multiple observations on the same subject generally produce serially correlated outcomes. Traditional regression methods assume that observations within subjects are independent which is not true in longitudinal data. In this paper we develop a Bayesian analysis for the traditional non‐linear random effects models with errors that follow a continuous time autoregressive process. In this way, unequally spaced observations do not present a problem in the analysis. Parameter estimation of this model is done via the Gibbs sampling algorithm. The method is illustrated with data coming from a study in pregnant women in Santiago, Chile, that involves the non‐linear regression of plasma volume on gestational age. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression, sleep physiology, and antidepressant drugs

This review summarizes current findings regarding effects of antidepressant compounds on sleep architecture and interprets their clinical relevance. Effects of the major classes of antidepressant drugs on sleep properties are presented, with the antidepressant compounds organized into categories based primarily on their putative mechanism of action. The majority of antidepressant compounds, across several different categories, exhibit robust suppression of REM sleep. Others, such as bupropion and nefazodone, lack REM suppressant effects. Such findings support the idea that critical neurochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of discrete sleep stages can be elucidated by means of polysomnographic investigations utilizing pharmacologically targeted agents.
The Comparison of Single-Hop and LEACH Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Based on the LEACH protocol and the Single-hop protocol, this paper proposes a new method to predict the lifetime and reliability of wireless sensor network directly. That is to say, the sensor nodes can be directly deployed without further simulation. Through a series of experiments to compare the two protocols have been several key conclusions: With the increase in sensor density, although the LEACH protocol life cycle is also increasing, but the maximum is always lower than the life cycle remains basically the same single-hop protocol. And compare the network reliability of the two can be seen, with the sensor density increases, LEACH protocol reliability is reduced. However, the reliability of the Single-hop protocol is always higher than that of the LEACH protocol. Thus, in this limited experimental environment, Single-hop protocol is better than LEACH protocol.
A Pattern Tree Based Method for Mining Conditional Contrast Patterns of Multi-source Data

Contrast patterns are itemsets that frequently occur in one dataset while not in another. These patterns have been successfully applied to many data mining domains, such as prediction, classification and clustering. However, none of the previous studies has considered extracting contrast patterns from different types of datasets. In this paper, we introduce a new type of contrast pattern, Conditional Contrast Patterns (CCPs), which are a subset of traditional Contrast Patterns (CPs) in one kind of dataset conditioned on a property of these patterns in another kind of dataset. Accordingly, we propose an algorithm based on tree search for mining CCPs, which can compress the datasets into a tree representation. We evaluate our proposed method in comparison with two other methods (Brute force and Apriori-based methods) on a synthetic dataset as well as a real-life retail dataset. The results show that CCPs are more informative and actionable for decision makers than normal CPs, and our tree-based algorithm has the best performance in terms of efficiency.
Protecting combinational logic in pipelined microprocessor cores against transient and permanent faults

CMOS technology trends at one side open up some opportunities like making small and power efficient devices available, which in turn allow to put more functionality into a single chip. However, on the other side it poses some challenges like making devices vulnerable to hard and soft errors. In this paper we propose an efficient fault-tolerant architecture able to deal with permanent and transient faults in combinational parts of pipeline structures. The principle consists in triplicating the combinational logic parts but, unlike TMR, only two copies are running in parallel while the third one remains in standby until an error is detected. We implement this approach on a MIPS microprocessor as case study to make it resilient against transient and permanent faults.
Statistical methods in cancer research. Volume II--The design and analysis of cohort studies.

What do you do to start reading statistical methods in cancer research vol ii the design and analysis of cohort studies? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this statistical methods in cancer research vol ii the design and analysis of cohort studies.
Self-directed Versus Traditional Classroom Training for Neonatal Resuscitation

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal Resuscitation Program instructors spend most of their classroom time giving lectures and demonstrating basic skills. We hypothesized that a self-directed education program could shift acquisition of these skills outside the classroom, shorten the duration of the class, and allow instructors to use their time to facilitate low-fidelity simulation and debriefing. METHODS: Novice providers were randomly allocated to self-directed education or a traditional class. Self-directed participants received a textbook, instructional video, and portable equipment kit and attended a 90-minute simulation session with an instructor. The traditional class included 6 hours of lectures and instructor-directed skill stations. Outcome measures included resuscitation skill (megacode assessment score), content knowledge, participant satisfaction, and self-confidence. RESULTS: Forty-six subjects completed the study. There was no significant difference between the study groups in either the megacode assessment score (23.8 [traditional] vs 24.5 [self-directed]; P = .46) or fraction that passed the “megacode” (final skills assessment) (56% [traditional] vs 65% [self-directed]; P = .76). There were no significant differences in content knowledge, course satisfaction, or postcourse self-confidence. Content knowledge, years of experience, and self-confidence did not predict resuscitation skill. CONCLUSIONS: Self-directed education improves the educational efficiency of the neonatal resuscitation course by shifting the acquisition of cognitive and basic procedural skills outside of the classroom, which allows the instructor to add low-fidelity simulation and debriefing while significantly decreasing the duration of the course.
The ischemic heart disease life stress monitoring program: impact on mortality.

&NA; Based on evidence that life stress is a precursor of ischemic heart disease episodes, a randomized control trial of a stress monitoring and intervention program was instituted involving 453 male myocardial infarction patients. Program patients were monitored monthly by telephone for 1 year using the General Health Questionnaire. Whenever a patient's score rose above a critical level, he received a variety of interventions aimed at stress reduction. Results showed that the treated group registered a greater decline in stress scores than controls and, although rehospitalizations and their durations did not differ, there were significantly fewer deaths in the monitored group. It is suggested that stress‐relieving programs may have a greater impact in reducing cardiac deaths than in preventing nonlethal coronary episodes.
Fast-Gated Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Wide Dynamic Range Near Infrared Spectroscopy

We present a novel technique for wide dynamic range optical investigations. It is based on a fast-gated silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) setup. The SPAD is gated-on and off in 500 ps so as to detect photons only within a given time interval. This technique is particularly useful in applications where a large amount of unnecessary photons precede or follow the optical signal to be detected, such as in time-resolved near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, optical mammography, and optical molecular imaging. In particular, in time-resolved reflectance spectroscopy, it is desirable to minimize the source-detector separation to improve system performance. This leads to the saturation of the detection electronics because of the huge amount of “early” photons back scattered by superficial layers. Our setup is able to reject these photons and detect only “late” photons from the sample, thus allowing an increase in the dynamic range and the injected power. We acquired diffusive curves of two phantoms with 95 ps time resolution and 107 dynamic range with a measurement time three orders of magnitude shorter than what is currently possible with a standard TCPSC setup.