Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Varying probability of droop fault depending on probabilistic nature of logic gates

A fault in VLSI logic may encourage to happen another fault in the circuit and may the circuit causes malfunctioning. But if a fault discourage another fault to happen that would be an interesting area of our concern. In this paper we have focused on the droop fault and probabilistic logic gates fault in the VLSI circuit and observe that probabilistic nature of the logic gates might sometime stop a droop fault to occur, without affecting the desired output of the circuit.
The representation of semantic knowledge in a child with Williams syndrome

This study investigated whether there are distinct types of semantic knowledge with distinct representational bases during development. The representation of semantic knowledge in a teenage child (S.T.) with Williams syndrome was explored for the categories of animals, fruit, and vegetables, manipulable objects, and nonmanipulable objects. S.T. 's lexical stores were of a normal size but the volume of “sensory feature” semantic knowledge she generated in oral descriptions was reduced. In visual recognition decisions, S.T. made more false positives to nonitems than did controls. Although overall naming of pictures was unimpaired, S.T. exhibited a category-specific anomia for nonmanipulable objects and impaired naming of visual-feature descriptions of animals. S.T. 's performance was interpreted as reflecting the impaired integration of distinctive features from perceptual input, which may impact upon nonmanipulable objects to a greater extent than the other knowledge categories. Performance was used to inform adult-based models of semantic representation, with category structure proposed to emerge due to differing degrees of dependency upon underlying knowledge types, feature correlations, and the acquisition of information from modality-specific processing modules.
Phospholipid signaling during stramenopile development

Development of sessile organisms requires adaptation to an ever-changing environment. In order to respond quickly to these challenges, complex signaling mechanisms have evolved to facilitate cellular modifications. The importance of phospholipid-based signaling pathways in plants, as well as animals, has recently been gaining attention. Both the PLD and PLC pathways produce the signaling molecule PA, which modulates MTs, F-actin, and endomembrane trafficking. We have examined the roles of the PLD signaling pathway during development of the marine brown alga Silvetia compressa. Zygotes were treated with 1- and 2-butanol, both of which activate the PLD enzyme. However, only 1-butanol competes with water as a transphosphatidylation substrate, at the expense of PA production. Interestingly, we found that 1- and 2-butanol both disrupted MT organization and thereby cell division, with 1-butanol being more potent. These findings question whether the effects of butyl alcohol treatment are due to lowered PA levels or activation of the PLD enzyme. Additionally, preliminary results show that inhibition of DAGK results in loss of centrosomal MTs and formation of cortical MT cages that are strikingly similar to those formed following 1-butanol treatment. These data suggest that perturbation of the PLD or PLC pathway leads to cortical stabilization and/or nucleation of MT arrays.
Autophagocytosis of the apical membrane in microvillus inclusion disease

Backgrounds: Microvillus inclusion disease (MID) is a disorder with the clinical signs of intractable diarrhoea in the newborn and infancy. The typical pathological features of the disease are well known whereas the pathophysiology is still unclear. Aim: This study was performed to define possible alterations of the cytoskeleton and exocytic as well as endocytic pathways within enterocytes in MID. Patients: Four patients with MID were studied. Three had a congenital onset of diarrhoea and one patient had a late onset form. Methods: Thin frozen sections of small bowel biopsies of patients were labelled by antibodies against the cytoskeleton and the brush border enzyme sucrase-isomaltase. The binding sites of the primary antibodies were visualised by immunogold particles in the electron microscope. Biopsies were labelled in organ culture to analyse the biosynthetic and endocytic pathways within the enterocytes. Results: Labelling with antibodies against actin and villin did not differ significantly in control and patient biopsies. Biosynthetic labelling revealed normal intracellular processing and transport of the brush border enzyme sucrase-isomaltase. Secretory granules in crypt epithelial cells were positive for sucrase-isomaltase, differing in its labelling density between patients. Patient biopsies showed microvillus inclusion bodies which endocytosed cationised ferritin within five minutes after uptake as well as ovalbumin after incubation for 10 minutes. These microvillus inclusion bodies correspond to early endosomes because they lack lysosome associated membrane proteins. Late endosomes and lysosomes containing sucrase-isomaltase did not reveal microvillus-like structures. Conclusion: Microvillus inclusion bodies in MID originate from autophagocytosis of the apical membrane of enterocytes with engulfing of microvilli.
Genotype by environment interactions on culling rates and 305-day milk yield of Holstein cows in 3 US regions.

The objective of this study was to investigate genotype by environment interactions for culling rates and milk production in large and small dairy herds in 3 US regions, using genotypes, pedigree, and phenotypes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker variances were also estimated in these different environments. Culling rates including cow mortality were based on 6 Dairy Herd Improvement termination codes reported by dairy producers. Separate data sets for culling rates and 305-d milk yield were created for large and small dairy herds in the US regions of the Southeast (SE), Southwest (SW), and Northeast (NE) for the first 3 lactation cows that calved between 1999 and 2008. Genomic information from 42,503 SNP markers on 34,506 bulls was included in the analysis to predict genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) of culling rates and 305-d milk yield with a single-step genomic BLUP using a bivariate threshold-linear model. Cow replacement rates in large SE and NE herds were higher. Heritability estimates of culling rates ranged from 0.03 to 0.11, but the differences were small between large and small herds and among the 3 US regions. Genetic correlations between culling rates and 305-d milk yield were medium to high for cows sold for poor production and reproduction problems. Correlations of GEBV for culling rates among the 3 US regions ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and were lower between the SW and the other regions, especially in small herds. Correlations of GEBV between large and small herds ranged from 0.44 to 0.90 and were lower in the SW. These results indicate genotype by environment interactions of cow culling rate between the US regions and between large and small herds. Correlations of top 30 SNP marker effects for culling rates between 2 US regions ranged from 0.64 to 0.98 and were higher than those of more SNP marker effects except for a culling reason "sold for dairy purpose. " Those correlations between large and small herds ranged from 0.67 to 0.98. High correlations of top SNP marker effects on culling reasons between the US regions and between large and small herds suggest that major markers can be useful for selection in different environments. The SNP variance shown in a marker gene segment on chromosome 14 was strongly associated with milk production in large and small herds in the NE but not in the SE and SW. Marker genes on chromosome 14 also showed a strong association with cow culling rates due to poor production and mortality in large herds in the NE.
UE and Nikon at the NTCIR-13 MedWeb Task

The NTCIR-13 MedWeb (Medical Natural Language Processing for Web Document) Task is a continued task series in NTCIR 10-11-12 in more specific symptoms include influenza, diarrhea/stomachache, hay fever, cough/sore throat, headache, fever, runny nose, and cold written. It is to detect the “signs” of disease or symptoms from the pseudo-Twitter messages, and can be formalized as multi-label classification problem. We address this task from three different approaches, namely rules, feature engineering, and distributed representations for Japanese and English tweets correspondingly. Among our approaches, the feature-engineering based approach achieved the highest exact-match (80.4%) and F1 score (86.5%). We figured out that each approach has its own strength and shortcomings through errors analysis.
Sources of stress for breast cancer survivors involved in dragon boating: examining associations with treatment characteristics and self-esteem.

OBJECTIVES This study sought to (1) identify common stressors faced by breast cancer survivors involved in dragon boating, (2) examine the conceptual and statistical factor groupings of the stressors, (3) identify differences in stressor factors based on treatment characteristics, and (4) examine the associations between stressor factors and two indicators of self-esteem. METHODS Survivors (n = 470) involved in dragon boating completed a survey assessing stressor frequency, stressor intensity, stressor valence, physical self-worth, and global self-esteem, along with demographic and cancer treatment information. RESULTS An exploratory factor analyses (EFA) using maximum likelihood extraction with oblique rotation revealed a four-factor solution that included physical, emotional, social, and exercise-related stressors. Exercise-related stressors were reported more frequently and intensely but were appraised positively by most survivors. The physical, emotional, and social stressors were perceived predominantly as negative. Findings also revealed that physical and emotional stressors and exercise-related stressors were correlates of physical self-worth (R(2) = 0.26). Emotional, social, and exercise-related stressors were significant correlates of global self-esteem (R(2) = 0.11). Cancer treatments were also associated with the experience of stressors, with the strongest effects reported for chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the results demonstrate that participants experienced many stressors but that exercise-related stressors were viewed as more adaptive and were positive correlates of self-esteem processes.
Polymerase chain reaction‐based differential diagnosis of Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus infections in humans in northern Ghana

We evaluated a two‐step semi‐nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based approach for the specific detection of Ancylostoma duodenale DNA in human faeces. The test was used to determine to what extent this species of hookworm is present in the regions of Bolgatanga and Garu of northern Ghana. Initially, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were tested using a range of well‐defined control samples. Subsequently, a total of 378 human faecal DNA samples from Bolgatanga and Garu were subjected to the PCR. The results were compared with those obtained using a previously established PCR for the specific detection of Necator americanus DNA in human faeces. Infection with A. duodenale was recorded in 74 (19.6%) samples and N. americanus in 278 (73.5%), of which 64 (16.9%), represented co‐infections with both species. While A. duodenale was predominantly detected in the samples from Bolgatanga, infections in Garu related almost exclusively to N. americanus. The results showed that the present PCR approach is a valuable complementary tool for the diagnosis of A. duodenale infection in humans in Ghana, having implications for epidemiological studies and for the monitoring of the success of control programmes in regions in Africa.
Study on the method of identifying opinion leaders based on online customer reviews

The deepening adoption of Web2.0 technology causes more and more users to publish reviews on the web about products, services, brands or business, and the online customer reviews (OCR) greatly influence customers' purchasing decisions and corporate reputations. Therefore, it has significant value for enterprises to identify the opinion leaders of OCR. This study proposes a RFMS model to measure the influential power of OCR publisher combining RFM model and automatically measuring method of sentiment words, then identify opinion leaders by applying artificial neural network, finally assess the validity of identifying results based on the degree of centrality. This research analysis the online reviews of dianping.com, and make a data verification of the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method in this paper can accurately identify opinion leaders.
Spontaneous privacy-friendly indoor positioning using enhanced WLAN beacons

Location based services pervade our lives more and more. Not only are outdoor movement of people and vehicles sensed via GPS, but with the use of wireless networks it is possible even indoors to locate people. On the one hand, this offers helpful and entertaining features, where GPS is not available; on the other hand, individual privacy is at risk with the unprotected release of highly sensitive location data. Many state of the art positioning methods require data exchange between the device and the network to enable positioning. Thus the users must implicitly reveal their current position to the network provider. In this paper, we address this problem and offer a new approach that allows users to ascertain their positions without exposing themselves to the network provider. Our approach embeds position data as information elements into IEEE 802.11 beacon frames, which are broadcasted periodically within each 802.11 basic service set. Based on this data, a mobile device can calculate its current position without revealing its presence to the network since beacons can be monitored passively. Finally we introduce a protocol that enables the transmission of necessary location data required by the positioning methods Fingerprinting and Proximity Sensing.
Hydrogel Control of Xylem Hydraulic Resistance in Plants

Increasing concentrations of ions flowing through the xylem of plants produce rapid, substantial, and reversible decreases in hydraulic resistance. Changes in hydraulic resistance in response to solution ion concentration, pH, and nonpolar solvents are consistent with this process being mediated by hydrogels. The effect is localized to intervessel bordered pits, suggesting that microchannels in the pit membranes are altered by the swelling and deswelling of pectins, which are known hydrogels. The existence of an ion-mediated response breaks the long-held paradigm of the xylem as a system of inert pipes and suggests a mechanism by which plants may regulate their internal flow regime.
A model of Baldwin effect in populations of self-learning agents

We study an evolution model of adaptive self-learning agents. The control system of agents is based on a neural network adaptive critic design. Each agent is a broker that predicts stock price changes and uses its predictions for action selection. The agent tries to get rich by buying and selling stocks. We demonstrate that the Baldwin effect takes place in our model, viz., originally acquired adaptive policy of an agent-broker becomes inherited in the course of the evolution. In addition, we compare agent behavioral tactics with searching behavior of simple animals.
A FPGA based Steganographic System Implementing a Modern Steganalysis Resistant LSB Algorithm

Steganography differs from other data hiding techniques because it encodes secret message inside cover object in such a way that transmission of secret message also remains a secret. Widespread usage of digital images, lower computational complexity and better performance makes spatial domain steganographic algorithms well suited for hardware implementation, which are not very frequent. This work tries to implement a modern steganalysis resistant LSB algorithm on FPGA based hardware. The presented work also optimises various operations and elements from original one third probability algorithm with respect to hardware implementation. The target FPGA for the implementation is Xilinx SP605 board (Spartan 6 series XC6SLX45T FPGA). Stego images obtained by the implementation have been thoroughly examined for various qualitative and quantitative aspects, which are found to be at par with original algorithm.
Long‐Term Central Venous Access in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Incidence of Thrombotic and Infectious Complications

Purpose Central venous access devices (CVAD) have been used with increasing frequency in recent years among pediatric patients. We retrospectively reviewed our experience in 25 children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) over a 4 1/2 year period in an attempt to define occurrence rates of perioperative complications, thrombosis requiring catheter removal, and infectious episodes. Patients and Methods The setting was a university-associated tertiary children's hospital. Patients were 25 children and young adults (ages 8 months to 23 years) with SCD who required CVAD placement between February 1987 and April 1992. A total of 31 catheters (totally implantable ports and partially implanted catheters) were placed for 17,444 patient catheter days. Results Rates of significant perioperative complications, thrombotic events requiring catheter removal, and infectious episodes were recorded. No perioperative complications were noted. Five episodes of catheter occlusion requiring replacement occurred in two patients (0.29 per 1,000 catheter patient days, involving 8% of patients and 16% of catheters). Fifteen episodes of catheter-associated bacteremia occurred in eight patients (0.86 per 1,000 catheter patient days involving 32% of patients and 26% of catheters). Three catheters required removal because of infection unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. Conclusion The occurrence of thrombosis requiring catheter removal and infection in our population of patients with SCD was comparable to that reported in patients with malignant disease, cystic fibrosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. CVAD represents an effective, reliable, and reasonably safe means of establishing and maintaining venous access for a selective group of children and young adults with SCD who have limited peripheral venous access and require intravenous therapies.
Computing Two-Dimensional Integer Hulls

An optimal algorithm is presented for computing the smallest set of linear inequalities that define the integer hull of a possibly unbounded two-dimensional convex polygon R. Input to the algorithm is a set of linear inequalities defining R, and the integer hull computed is the convex hull of the integer points of R. It is proven that the integer hull has at most O(n log Amax) inequalities, where n is the number of input inequalities and Amax is the magnitude of the largest input coefficient. It is shown that the algorithm presented has complexity O(n log Amax) and that this is optimal by proving that the integer hull may have $\Omega(n \log A_{max})$ inequalities in the worst case.
Notice de la carte phyto-ecologique de la Crau (Bouches du Rhone)

La carte de la vegetation de la plaine de Crau (Provence, France), ancien delta de la Durance, a ete dressee a l'echelle du 50000eme. La plaine porte dans sa partie centrale une formation steppique («coussous») unique en France, gravement menacee aujourd'hui par le developpement industriel et agricole. La notice, dans une premiere partie, rend compte des conditions generales de milieu: geologie, climatologie, agriculture; une mention speciale est faite a l'elevage extensif ovin traditionnel et a l'avifaune. La seconde partie, plus botanique, donne la liste des principaux groupements vegetaux: depuis la steppe a Asphodelus fistulosus et Stypa capillata, jusqu'aux marais et zones humides (Scirpeto-Phragmitetum, Holoschoenetum, Molinietum) abritant des especes eurosiberiennes peu communes. Les bordures collineennes portant le groupement climacique du Quercetum ilicis et ses stades de degradation sont egalement evoques
Induction of the tod Operon by Trichloroethylene in Pseudomonas putida TVA8

ABSTRACT Bioluminescence, mRNA levels, and toluene degradation rates inPseudomonas putida TVA8 were measured as a function of various concentrations of toluene and trichloroethylene (TCE). TVA8 showed an increasing bioluminescence response to increasing TCE and toluene concentrations. Compared to uninduced TVA8 cultures,todC1 mRNA levels increased 11-fold for TCE-treated cultures and 13-fold for toluene-treated cultures. Compared to uninduced P. putida F1 cultures, todC1 mRNA levels increased 4.4-fold for TCE-induced cultures and 4.9-fold for toluene-induced cultures. Initial toluene degradation rates were linearly correlated with specific bioluminescence in TVA8 cultures.
A History of Money in Palestine: From the 1900s to the Present

How does the condition of statelessness, which is usually thought of as a political problem, affect the economic and monetary lives of ordinary people? This dissertation addresses this question by examining the economic behavior of a stateless people, the Palestinians, over a hundred year period, from the last decades of Ottoman rule in the early 1900s to the present. Through this historical narrative, it investigates what happened to the financial and economic assets of ordinary Palestinians when they were either rendered stateless overnight (as happened in 1948) or when they suffered a gradual loss of sovereignty and control over their economic lives (as happened between the early 1900s to the 1930s, or again between 1967 and the present). Finally, it explains how the sustained absence of a sovereign state and a sovereign currency of their own affected the Palestinians’ economic behavior, and shaped their relationship to the monetary and banking apparatus of the various political regimes under which they lived. The dissertation makes two broad arguments: the first is that not having a state, and access to sovereign institutions of their own, and, especially, not having a central bank and a sovereign currency of their own, rendered the Palestinians particularly, and repeatedly, vulnerable to being dispossessed of their financial and monetary assets. The second is that, despite this vulnerability, the Palestinians nevertheless showed themselves capable, again and again over the course of this century, of fighting for their economic rights, and of exhibiting a canny understanding as to how best to protect their financial assets from dispossession. While Dissertation Advisor: Professor Roger Owen Sreemati Mitter iv they used a range of strategies to do so, one of the surprising conclusions that emerges from this work is the extent to which they turned to the law, and to the legal and judicial arms of the state, to seek protection against the executive and legislative arms of the same state, regardless of whether that state was Ottoman, British, Jordanian, or Israeli.