Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Information Systems Development Methodologies: Are you being served?

A steering and suspension mechanism for a wheeled vehicle incorporating bump steer control. The mechanism comprises a pair of spaced apart universal joints one of which is fixedly located and the other positionably supporting the wheel axle. A spacer member positions the universal joints at a selected spaced relationship. A rotatable steering shaft is connected to one side of the fixed in position universal joint. The center of the opposite side of the fixed in position universal joint is pivotally connected to one end of the spacer. The other end of the spacer is connected to the center of one side of the wheel axle supporting universal joint. The opposite side of the wheel supporting universal joint is connected to the wheel supporting axle. In one embodiment a tie rod is pivotally connected off center and adjacent to the spacer member on each universal joint through a ball connection. An attachment between the wheel axle and frame provides additional support thereto.
Inequality of Opportunities at Early Ages: Evidence from Chile

ABSTRACT This paper examines inequality of opportunity for Chilean children starting from an early age. It uses a psychometric test designed to assess children’s receptive vocabulary (PPVT), height, and weight as opportunity measures. We consider traditional circumstances such as parental income and educational level, but improve on the previous literature including mother’s cognitive skills in our assessment. Our results indicate that Chilean children do not exhibit significant differences in height or weight either as newborns or at two to four years old. Nevertheless, there is evidence of inequality of opportunities for vocabulary skills. Maternal cognitive ability is the greatest contributor. Finally, the evidence also suggests that inequality of opportunity on vocabulary skills increases with age.
Filtered Delay-Subspace Approach for Pilot Assisted Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems

In this paper we propose a pilot-based OFDM channel estimator based on the combination of low-pass filtering and delay-subspace projection. The proposed estimator, which we abbreviate ST-LP, is robust in the sense it does not require prior statistical knowledge of the channel. The only assumptions are the least-square (LS) estimates have limited spectrum and the channel follows the tapped delay line (TDL) model, which are commonly taken in practice. Since it is desirable slow delay variations operability acceptance, the delay-subspace is tracked by a subspace tracking (ST) algorithm. The ST-LP estimator can be implemented by two filtering structures, which provide a trade-off between accuracy and complexity. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of the ST-LP estimator when compared to methods already reported in the literature
Stability analysis of uncertain stochastic systems with interval time-varying delays and nonlinear uncertainties via augmented Lyapunov functional

In this work, the problem of delay-dependent stability for uncertain stochastic systems with interval time-varying delays and nonlinear uncertainties is addressed. The parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm bounded and the delay is assumed to be time-varying and belong to a given interval, whichmeansthatthelowerandupperboundsofintervaltime-varyingdelaysareavailable. Byconstructing an augmented Lyapunov functional, a new delay interval-dependent stability criterion for the system is obtainedintermsofLinearMatrixInequalities(LMIs). Comparisonsaremadethroughnumericalexamples and less conservatism results are reported.
Young Children’s Interest-Oriented Activity and Later Academic Self-Regulation Strategies in Kindergarten

ABSTRACT This study investigated children’s interest-based activities in the home during the preschool years and their subsequent academic self-regulation behaviors in school. Children’s home activities were tracked for 1 year prior to kindergarten entry. Based on their profiles of activities, children (109) were assigned to one of four interest groups: conceptual, social, procedural, or creative. The children’s academic self-regulation behaviors were observed throughout kindergarten. Specifically, the contribution of children’s early interests to understanding their metacognitive talk and progress monitoring was analyzed, controlling statistically for the effects of gender, cognitive skill, and temperament. There were discernible patterns unique to each group in the content of their metacognitive talk and strategies for monitoring progress. The study offers an uncommonly rich description of the academic self-regulation behaviors of young children and explores the role of early childhood interests in the development of academic self-regulation.
Hyperspectral spatial-spectral feature classification based on adequate adaptive segmentation

This paper proposes some novel classification scheme based on adaptive spatial vicinity for hyperspectral remote sensed images. Different segmentation methods such as Robust Color Morphological Gradient (RCMG), Expectation Maximization (EM) and Recursive Hierarchical Segmentation (RHSEG) have been generalized to hyperspectral image analysis and their extensions; Hyperspectral Robust Color Morphological Gradient (HRCMG), Adequate Expectation Maximization (AEM) and Hyperspectral Recursive Hierarchical Image Segmentation (HRHSEG) were introduced and applied in the empirical implementation. Experiments were based on two available hyperspectral data sets (Indiana Pines and Hekla). Experimental results were compared with three analysis measurements (overall accuracy, average accuracy and Kappa factor) as well as their classification maps with pixelwise methods and some previous spatial-spectral approaches such as EMP and ECHO. All of the quantitate quality measures of proposed method were better than other reviewed approaches, but the classification map of proposed approach is so artificial in some cases. The novel segmentation methods (HRCMG, AEM and HRHSEG) are applied, and the accuracy was improved in compare with elder schemes, when the median voting scheme is employed.
Generation as Structure Driven Derivation

This paper describes two algorithms which construct two different types of generators for lexical functional grammars (LFGs). The first type generates sentences from functional structures and the second from semantic structures. The latter works on the basis of oxtended LFGs, which contain a mapping from f-structures into semantic structures. Both algorithms can be used on all grammars within the respective class of LFG-grammars. Thus sentences can be generated from input structures by means of LFG-grammars and the same grammar formalism, although not necessarily the same grammar, can be used for both analysis and synthesis.
Using MDEFT MRI Sequences to Target the GPi in DBS Surgery

Objective Recent advances in different MRI sequences have enabled direct visualization and targeting of the Globus pallidus internus (GPi) for DBS surgery. Modified Driven Equilibrium Fourier Transform (MDEFT) MRI sequences provide high spatial resolution and an excellent contrast of the basal ganglia with low distortion. In this study, we investigate if MDEFT sequences yield accurate and reliable targeting of the GPi and compare direct targeting based on MDEFT sequences with atlas-based targeting. Methods 13 consecutive patients considered for bilateral GPi-DBS for dystonia or PD were included in this study. Preoperative targeting of the GPi was performed visually based on MDEFT sequences as well as by using standard atlas coordinates. Postoperative CT imaging was performed to calculate the location of the implanted leads as well as the active electrode(s). The coordinates of both visual and atlas based targets were compared. The stereotactic coordinates of the lead and active electrode(s) were calculated and projected on the segmented GPi. Results On MDEFT sequences the GPi was well demarcated in most patients. Compared to atlas-based planning the mean target coordinates were located significantly more posterior. Subgroup analysis showed a significant difference in the lateral coordinate between dystonia (LAT = 19.33 ± 0.90) and PD patients (LAT = 20.67 ± 1.69). Projected on the segmented preoperative GPi the active contacts of the DBS electrode in both dystonia and PD patients were located in the inferior and posterior part of the structure corresponding to the motor part of the GPi. Conclusions MDEFT MRI sequences provide high spatial resolution and an excellent contrast enabling precise identification and direct visual targeting of the GPi. Compared to atlas-based targeting, it resulted in a significantly different mean location of our target. Furthermore, we observed a significant variability of the target among the PD and dystonia subpopulation suggesting accurate targeting for each individual patient.
Symbol-based BP detection for MIMO systems associated with non-binary LDPC codes

In this paper, an efficient iterative receiver for digital communication systems is investigated. It combines a Non-Binary Low-Density Parity-Check (NB-LDPC) decoder with a high-order constellation demapper and a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) detector. A suboptimal MIMO detector based on the Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm is investigated as an alternative to a Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector. Extrinsic information is exchanged between the detector and the decoder thanks to an iterative process. EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts enable to analyze the convergence behaviour of the proposed MIMO-BP detector. A suitable schedule for the different types of iterations is finally proposed to reduce the receiver latency and improve its error correction performance.
Selective elimination of hypothalamic neurons by grafted hypertension- inducing neural tissue

Embryonic hypothalamic tissue originating from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was implanted in young normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats in an attempt to localize hypothalamic regions directly responsible for the induction of hypertension. A 25% increase in host systolic blood pressure as compared with the controls was recorded 3 months after implantation in the animals receiving rostral hypothalamic tissue (R-SHR), whereas blood pressure was not affected in the animals grafted with caudal hypothalamic tissue (C-SHR). The hypertension in the R-SHR group was accompanied by hypertrophy of the heart and kidneys. The number of vasopressin-immunopositive (VPi) parvocellular cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the R-SHR group was massively reduced (by 72%), while that of the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive cells displayed no change. In the suprachiasmatic nucleus of these animals the VPi cell number was unaltered. In the C-SHR, the amount of parvocellular VPi cells was also unaltered. Likewise, oxytocin-containing cells were the same in all groups. DNA nick-end labeling of the tissue revealed that PVN cells are undergoing programmed cell death. These results implicate a selective degeneration by hypothalamic PVN cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Combined 5 2 Cv F Test for Comparing Supervised Classiication Learning Algorithms

Dietterich (1998) reviews ve statistical tests and proposes the 5 2 cv t test for determining whether there is a signiicant diierence between the error rates of two classiiers. In our experiments, we noticed that the 52 cv t test result may vary depending on factors that should not aaect the test and we propose a variant, the combined 5 2 cv F test, that combines multiple statistics to get a more robust test. Simulation results show that this combined version of the test has lower Type I error and higher power than 5 2 cv proper.
Cost–benefit theory and optimal design of gene regulation functions

Cells respond to the environment by regulating the expression of genes according to environmental signals. The relation between the input signal level and the expression of the gene is called the gene regulation function. It is of interest to understand the shape of a gene regulation function in terms of the environment in which it has evolved and the basic constraints of biological systems. Here we address this by presenting a cost–benefit theory for gene regulation functions that takes into account temporally varying inputs in the environment and stochastic noise in the biological components. We apply this theory to the well-studied lac operon of E. coli. The present theory explains the shape of this regulation function in terms of temporal variation of the input signals, and of minimizing the deleterious effect of cell–cell variability in regulatory protein levels. We also apply the theory to understand the evolutionary tradeoffs in setting the number of regulatory proteins and for selection of feed-forward loops in genetic circuits. The present cost–benefit theory can be used to understand the shape of other gene regulatory functions in terms of environment and noise constraints.
Development of an automatic extractor of medical term candidates with linguistic techniques for Spanish

An automatic method to extract term candidates from the medical field by applying linguistic techniques is presented. Semantic, morphological and syntactic rules were used to develop this term extractor. On the first phase, the detection was performed by applying a standard dictionary. This dictionary was uploaded to the analyzer software that assigned the tag “TC” (Term Candidates') to the words that could be considered terms. Morphological and syntactic rules were used to try to deduce the part of speech of the words that were not considered on the dictionary (WNCD). Afterwards, nominal phrases that included WNCD were gathered to extract them as term candidates of the field. Smorph, Post Smorph Module (MPS) - both work on groups- and Xerox's Xfst were the software used in this project. Smorph performs the morphological analysis of character strings, which yields morphological and POS tagging allocation for each occurrence according to the features given. MPS, in turn, uses the output of Smorph as its input and, from recomposition, decomposition and correspondence rules established by the user, analyzes the headword string that results from the morphological analysis. Xfst is a finite state tool that works on character strings assigning previously stated categories to allow, then, the automatic analysis of expressions. This method was tested on a section of the corpus of clinical cases collected by Burdiles (CCCM - 2009) of 217258 words. The results were evaluated according to precision and recall measures under expert guidance.
A Role for Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type 1 in Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissue Development: Genetic Evidence of Synergism with Lymphotoxin β

Lymphotoxin α (LTα) signals via tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) as a homotrimer and via lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) as a heterotrimeric LTα1β2 complex. LTα-deficient mice lack all lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs), and yet LTβ-deficient mice and TNFR-deficient mice have cervical and mesenteric LN. We now show that mice made deficient in both LTβ and TNFR type 1 (TNFR1) lack all LNs, revealing redundancy or synergism between TNFR1 and LTβ, acting presumably via LTβR. A complete lack of only PPs in mice heterozygous for both ltα and ltβ, but not ltα or ltβ alone, suggests a similar two-ligand phenomenon in PP development and may explain the incomplete lack of PPs seen in tnfr1 −/− mice.
Securing Script-Based Extensibility in Web Browsers

Web browsers are increasingly designed to be extensible to keep up with the Web's rapid pace of change. This extensibility is typically implemented using script-based extensions. Script extensions have access to sensitive browser APIs and content from untrusted web pages. Unfortunately, this powerful combination creates the threat of privilege escalation attacks that grant web page scripts the full privileges of extensions and control over the entire browser process. This paper makes two contributions. First, it describes the pitfalls of script-based extensibility based on our study of the Firefox web browser. We find that script-based extensions can lead to arbitrary code injection and execution control, the same types of vulnerabilities found in unsafe code. Second, we propose a taint-based system to track the spread of untrusted data in the browser and to detect the characteristic signatures of privilege escalation attacks. We evaluate this approach by using exploits from the Firefox bug database and show that our system detects the vast majority of attacks with almost no false alarms.
Exploring the Tensions and Ambiguities of University Department Chairs

Abstract The department chair is a complex middle-management position located at the organizational fulcrum between faculty and senior administration. This qualitative study sought to develop a deeper understanding of chairs’ experiences when enacting their dual roles as managers and scholars. Using a basic interpretative study design, we interviewed 10 department chairs from a medium-sized Canadian university. The participants identified three interrelated areas of challenge: managing position, managing people, and managing self. We discuss the tensions and ambiguities inherent within these themes, along with specific recommendations for supporting this position. Resume Le poste de directeur de departement est un poste de cadre intermediaire complexe. Il se situe dans la sphere organisationnelle, comme un pont entre une faculte et l’administration superieure. La presente etude qualitative vise a developper une meilleure comprehension du vecu des directeurs, qui doivent concilier le role de gestionnaire et celui de savant. Par le truchement d’une etude interpretative de base, nous avons interviewe dix directeurs de departement d’une universite canadienne de taille moyenne. Les participants ont releve trois aspects lies aux defis rencontres, soit la gestion du poste, la gestion des individus et la gestion de soi. Nous discutons des tensions et des ambiguites inherentes a ces themes, et nous emettons des recommandations precises afin de bien encadrer les personnes qui comblent ce poste.
Social Networks and the Building of Learning Communities: An Experimental Study of a Social MOOC.

This study aimed to analyze the student’s behaviour in relation to their degree of commitment, participation, and contribution in a MOOC based on a social learning approach. Interaction data was collected on the learning platform and in social networks, both of which were used in the third edition of a social MOOC course. This data was then studied via statistical methods and analysis of social networks. This study assumes that social communities would arise around the course, would remain over time, and that participants would even contribute with new proposals. The findings indicated that social learning communities are built and continue only while the course is open and while the teachers are involved in fostering participation. Although this study is limited, the design criteria of the course, the pedagogical model on which this is supported, and the methods applied for this analysis provide other researchers and educators with clues for better understand the dynamic process of social learning in social MOOCs.
Students’ awareness of science teachers’ leadership, attitudes toward science, and positive thinking

ABSTRACT There appears to be a complex network of cognitive and affective factors that influence students’ decisions to study science and motivate their choices to engage in science-oriented careers. This study explored 330 Taiwanese senior high school students’ awareness of their science teacher’s learning leadership and how it relates to the students’ attitudes toward science and positive thinking. Initial results revealed that the optimism of positive thinking is highly and positively correlated with the future participation in science and learning science in school attitudes toward science and self-concept in science. Moreover, structural equation modelling (SEM) results indicated that the subscale of teachers’ leadership with idealised influence was the most predictive of students’ attitudes toward science (β = .37), and the leadership with laissez-faire was predictive of students’ positive thinking (β = .21). In addition, the interview results were consistent with the quantitative findings. The correlation and SEM results indicate some of the associations and potential relationships amongst the motivational and affective factors studied and students’ attitudes toward and intentions to study science, which will increase their likelihood of future involvement in science careers.
Learning the solution sparsity of an ill-posed linear inverse problem with the Variational Garrote

The Variational Garrote is a promising new approach for sparse solutions of ill-posed linear inverse problems (Kappen and Gomez, 2012). We reformulate the prior of the Variational Garrote to follow a simple Binomial law and assign a Beta hyper-prior on the parameter. With the new prior the Variational Garrote, we show, has a wide range of parameter values for which it at the same time provides low test error and high retrieval of the true feature locations. Furthermore, the new form of the prior and associated hyper-prior leads to a simple update rule in a Bayesian variational inference scheme for its hyperparameter. As a second contribution we provide evidence that the new procedure can improve on cross-validation of the parameters and we find that the new formulation of the prior outperforms the original formulation when both are cross-validated to determine hyperparameters.
Bringing Web Time Travel to MediaWiki: An Assessment of the Memento MediaWiki Extension

We have implemented the Memento MediaWiki Extension Version 2.0, which brings the Memento Protocol to MediaWiki, used by Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation. Test results show that the extension has a negligible impact on performance. Two 302 status code datetime negotiation patterns, as defined by Memento, have been examined for the extension: Pattern 1.1, which requires 2 requests, versus Pattern 2.1, which requires 3 requests. Our test results and mathematical review find that, contrary to intuition, Pattern 2.1 performs better than Pattern 1.1 due to idiosyncrasies in MediaWiki. In addition to implementing Memento, Version 2.0 allows administrators to choose the optional 200-style datetime negotiation Pattern 1.2 instead of Pattern 2.1. It also permits administrators the ability to have the Memento MediaWiki Extension return full HTTP 400 and 500 status codes rather than using standard MediaWiki error pages. Finally, version 2.0 permits administrators to turn off recommended Memento headers if desired. Seeing as much of our work focuses on producing the correct revision of a wiki page in response to a user's datetime input, we also examine the problem of finding the correct revisions of the embedded resources, including images, stylesheets, and JavaScript; identifying the issues and discussing whether or not MediaWiki must be changed to support this functionality.