Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A topological approach to inverse and regular semigroups

Work of Ehresmann and Schein shows that an inverse semigroup can be viewed as a groupoid with an order structure; this approach was generalized by Nambooripad to apply to arbitrary regular semigroups. This paper introduces the notion of an ordered 2-complex and shows how to represent any ordered groupoid as the fundamental groupoid of an ordered 2-complex. This approach then allows us to construct a standard 2-complex for an inverse semigroup presentation. Our primary applications are to calculating the maximal subgroups of an inverse semigroup which, under our topological approach, turn out to be the fundamental groups of the various connected components of the standard 2-complex. Our main results generalize results of Haatja, Margolis, and Meakin giving a graph of groups decomposition for the maximal subgroups of certain regular semigroup amalgams. We also generalize a theorem of Hall by showing the strong embeddability of certain regular semigroup amalgams as well as structural results of Nambooripad and Pastijn on such amalgams.
Splittability of Bilexical Context-Free Grammars is Undecidable

Bilexical context-free grammars (2-LCFGs) have proved to be accurate models for statistical natural language parsing. Existing dynamic programming algorithms used to parse sentences under these models have running time of O(∣w∣4), where w is the input string. A 2-LCFG is splittable if the left arguments of a lexical head are always independent of the right arguments, and vice versa. When a 2-LCFGs is splittable, parsing time can be asymptotically improved to O(∣w∣3). Testing this property is therefore of central interest to parsing efficiency. In this article, however, we show the negative result that splittability of 2-LCFGs is undecidable.
Smart shoes design with embedded monitoring electronics system for healthcare and fitness applications

In this paper, the system architecture and adherence method for a wearable medicare health and fitness monitoring system mounted shoe is presented. This system includes an integrated modular monitoring circuit that provides for fitness and biomedical information including coordinate tracker, step counter, calorie counter, as well as for biomedical information such as foot oxygen concentration. A commercial BLE module is used in communicating data wireless between the module system and a display platform. It is purposed with load cells and pressure sensors that will shut down the system to avoid unnecessary battery usage when no pressure feedback is received.
Population Aging and the Changing Composition of Consumption Demand

This paper analyzes how population aging aects the aggregate West German structure of consumption demand until 2040. Since the composition of individual consumption demand varies over the life cycle, the aggregate demand structure is likely to change in the course of population aging. I estimate the age-specific household demand for a set of eight composite goods using a quadratic almost ideal demand system model. In the second part of the paper, the microeconometric estimates of life cycle demand patterns are aggregated and projected until 2040. The projections are done in several scenarios incorporating the direct eect of population aging and accompanying eects like changes in the distribution of spending power. The results point to significant increases in the expenditure shares of housing and leisure goods and a decline in necessities like food and clothing.
Organizational assimilation and communication technology use

Studies of organizational members' assimilation information seeking have focused on traditional channels for uncertainty reduction (e.g., face‐to‐face communication and traditional technologies like employee handbooks) and on the experiences of newcomers. This investigation extends organizational assimilation research by examining a variety of socialization experiences (not just those of newcomers) and by considering Advanced Communication and Information Technologies (ACITs) as an additional channel for obtaining assimilation‐related information. Data from 405 employees of four organizations were utilized to explore the relationship between three channels for information seeking (face‐to‐face communication, traditional media, and ACIT) and perceived socialization effectiveness. Predictors of employee selection and use of ACITs also were examined, including perceptions of media richness and social presence, and user responses to their experiences using ACITs for assimilation. Results indicate that face‐to‐face communication is the most important predictor of assimilation effectiveness, followed by ACIT use. Least important are traditional technologies. Media characteristics, as elucidated in two prominent theories of organizational communication technology use, predicted individuals' selection and use of ACITs. Finally, a typology of members' behavioral responses to feedback regarding their ACIT use was derived, which revealed that users respond by continuing current practices, supplementing the channel, discontinuing use, expanding use, learning new uses, or by implementing a variety of these strategies.
Frequent development of lupus anticoagulants in critically ill patients treated under intensive care conditions

Objective To investigate how often a prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time in critically ill patients is caused by lupus anticoagulants and to identify possible triggering events. Design Prospective study. Setting Internal medicine intensive care unit (University Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria). Patients Fifty-one critically ill patients without severe coagulopathy, hepatopathy, or anticoagulant treatment (35 male, 16 female, median age 60 yrs, range: 22–85 yrs). Interventions All patients were screened daily for lupus anticoagulants with the activated partial thromboplastin time STA assay. Measurements and Main Results Diluted Russell’s viper venom time, plasma mixing studies, and confirmation assays were used to identify lupus anticoagulants at the time of an unexplained prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time. The influence of heparin was excluded by determination of thrombin clotting time and anti-Xa activity. In 27 of 51 patients (52.9 %) lupus anticoagulants were found after a median stay of 13 days. None of the patients had concomitant immune thrombocytopenia, hypoprothrombinemia, bleeding, or thromboembolic complications. Sepsis (p = .006) and/or catecholamine treatment (p = .002) were significantly associated with the development of lupus anticoagulants. Extracorporeal circulation, transfusion of blood products, or surgery did not increase this risk. Lupus anticoagulants resolved spontaneously in 63% of the patients after a median stay of 17 days. Conclusions Lupus anticoagulants are frequent in critically ill patients and associated with sepsis syndrome and/or catecholamine treatment. The prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time does not warrant the administration of coagulation factors or the cessation of anticoagulant therapy or prophylaxis, inasmuch as this phenomenon is not associated with bleeding or thromboembolic complications.
Porous metals in orthopedic applications – A review

The development of porous metals and coatings for osseointegration has revolutionized the specialty of orthopedics, particularly total joint reconstruction. However, until recently most implants are fabricated utilizing traditional materials (i. e. sintered beads, fiber metal, plasma spray), which have several inherent limitations. Several new highly porous metals have been recently introduced to improve upon the biomaterial properties of traditional coatings, namely porosity, surface coefficient and modulus of elasticity. These new biomaterials have a similar microscopic appearance that is much like cancellous bone. The open‐cell structure of these metals affords several intriguing properties, including; high volumetric porosity (60–80%), low moduli of elasticity and high surface frictional characteristics. The self‐passivating nature of these metals and complex nanostructures allow for rapid bone ingrowth in multiple applications of orthopedic surgery. The following represents a review of contemporary implants and biomaterial properties in orthopedic surgery for this class of highly porous metals.
A torus assignment for an interconnection network recursive diagonal torus

Recursive Diagonal Torus (RDT) is a class of interconnection network consisting of recursively overlaid two-dimensional square diagonal tori for massively parallel computers, with up to 216 nodes. Connection structures of the RDT vary according to the assignment of upper rank diagonal tori into a node. Although traditional simple assignment called RDT(2,4,1)//spl alpha/ shows enough performance under the uniform traffic, the congestion of low rank tori degrades the performance when local communication is dominant. RDT(2,4,1)//spl beta/ torus assignment is proposed, focusing on improving the performance for local communication. With a simplified simulation algorithm, the result shows that RDT(2,4,1)//spl beta/ improves the average distance compared with RDT(2,4,1)//spl alpha/ assignment when considering local area.
Population-Based Study of Determinants of Initial Secondary Care Costs of Acute Stroke in the United Kingdom

Background and Purpose— To determine the cost-effectiveness of specific interventions to prevent or treat acute stroke, it is necessary to know the costs of stroke according to patient characteristics and stroke subtype and etiology. However, very few such data are available and none from population-based studies. We determined the predictors of resource use and acute care costs of stroke using data from a population-based study. Methods— Data were obtained from the Oxford Vascular study, a population-based cohort of all individuals in nine general practices in Oxfordshire, UK, which identified 346 patients with a first or recurrent stroke during April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2004. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the main predictors of resource use and costs. Results— Acute care costs ranged from £326 (lower decile) to £19 901 (upper decile). There were multiple important univariate interrelations of patient characteristics, stroke subtype, and stroke etiology with hospital admission, length of stay, and 30-day case-fatality. For example, patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage were more likely to be admitted than patients with partial anterior circulation ischemic stroke and less likely to survive without disability, but length of stay was reduced as a result of high early case-fatality such that cost was substantially less. However, the majority of univariate predictors of resource use, cost, and outcome were confounded by initial stroke severity as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, which accounted for approximately half of the predicted variance in cost. Cost increased approximately linearly up to an National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 18 and then fell steeply at higher scores as a result of rising early case-fatality. Conclusions— Several patient and event-related characteristics explained the wide range of initial secondary care costs of acute stroke, but stroke severity was by far the most important independent predictor.
The Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Uplink Using Multiple-Symbol Differential Sphere-Detection

It is widely recognized that the differential amplify-and-forward (DAF) transmission scheme is capable of providing a superior performance compared to classic direct transmissions employing differential detection in slow-fading channels and in fact it may even outperform coherent detection aided systems relying on realistic imperfect channel estimates. However, in reality the channels connecting the multiple nodes of a cooperative system typically become time-selective due to the relative mobility of the cooperating terminals. Hence, the performance gain achieved may erode as the environment becomes more time-selective. Hence in this paper, we specifically design the multiple-symbol based differential sphere detection (MSDSD) for the DAF-aided cooperative system, which is capable of achieving a significant performance gain for transmission over time-selective channels.
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis: Severity of the Disease, Severity of Angina Pectoris and Compromised Left Ventricular Function

To determine if the severity of angina pectoris and the degree of altered left ventricular function correlated with the severity and extent of the underlying coronary artery disease, a coronary scoring system was derived. The system was based on the severity of luminal diameter narrowing and weighted according to the usual flow to the left ventricle in each coronary vessel. Thus, the most weight was given to the left main coronary artery, followed by the left anterior descending, circumflex, and right coronary arteries. The resultant number was an indicator of the overall severity of the obstructive coronary artery disease. A coronary arterial system with no obstructive disease was scored as zero and the greater the degree of obstructive disease present, the higher the coronary score. From 202 subjects, four groups were evaluated: group 1—coronary score = 0.5–4.5 (n = 10); group 2—coronary score = 10.5–12.5 (n = 11); group 3—coronary score = 17.5–20.5 (n = 11); and group 4—coronary score = 25.0–36.0 (n = 11). All subjects had coronary artery bypass surgery and had preoperative and l-year postoperative cardiac catheterization, including atrial pacing to maximal heart rate. The groups could not be separated on the basis of angina frequency, resting heart rate, cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, peak paced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, dP/dt, V max, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index, left ventricular end-systolic volume index, stroke volume index, ejection fraction or mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity. Thus, based on this study, the severity of coronary artery disease does not statistically correlate with the frequency of angina pectoris or produce a predictable degree of altered left ventricular function. The frequency of angina pectoris cannot be used to predict prognosis orthe adequacy of myocardial revascularization.
The SJTU System for Dialog State Tracking Challenge 2

Dialog state tracking challenge provides a common testbed for state tracking algorithms. This paper describes the SJTU system submitted to the second Dialogue State Tracking Challenge in detail. In the system, a statistical semantic parser is used to generate reﬁned semantic hypotheses. A large number of features are then derived based on the semantic hypotheses and the dialogue log information. The ﬁnal tracker is a combination of a rule-based model, a maximum entropy and a deep neural network model. The SJTU system signiﬁcantly outperformed all the baselines and showed competitive performance in DSTC 2.
Dynamic time slot allocation for Multiuser OFDM/TDMA networks using effective bandwidth and βMWM network traffic modeling

In this paper, we propose an adaptive allocation scheme which determines the number of time slots for each user in an OFDM/TDMA system using the Effective Bandwidth theory. For that purpose, we developed an algorithm to adaptively estimate the parameters of the MWM (Multifractal Wavelet Model) traffic model that allow us to calculate the effective bandwidth for the incoming traffic flows. We evaluate the performance of the proposed adaptive allocation scheme through simulations using real traffic traces.
Free Money? 401(k)s, Vesting, and Unemployment

This paper analyzes the effects of employment risk and vesting rules on the substitution between 401(k)s and conventional savings. Nearly two-thirds of 401(k) plans include vesting rules, which stipulate a partial or complete forfeiture of employer-matched contributions in the event of a job loss that occurs before a service requirement is met. We characterize this risk by simulating a stochastic dynamic programming model that incorporates vesting and key institutional features of the 401(k). We examine the impact of vesting on participation in the 401(k), saving both inside and outside the plan, aggregate saving and welfare. We find that participation—primarily of younger workers—falls with longer vesting durations. This drop in participation is mirrored by a reduction in the substitution of 401(k) plans as a buffer against unemployment risk. The net effect on aggregate saving is small, and the welfare cost is modest. “If it’s a matched plan, your employer is helping you become rich by adding a contribution to your account. Free Money! ” —Wallstreetcity.com
SMA CARNI-VAL Trial Part I: Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of L-Carnitine and Valproic Acid in Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Background Valproic acid (VPA) has demonstrated potential as a therapeutic candidate for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in vitro and in vivo. Methods Two cohorts of subjects were enrolled in the SMA CARNIVAL TRIAL, a non-ambulatory group of “sitters” (cohort 1) and an ambulatory group of “walkers” (cohort 2). Here, we present results for cohort 1: a multicenter phase II randomized double-blind intention-to-treat protocol in non-ambulatory SMA subjects 2–8 years of age. Sixty-one subjects were randomized 1∶1 to placebo or treatment for the first six months; all received active treatment the subsequent six months. The primary outcome was change in the modified Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale (MHFMS) score following six months of treatment. Secondary outcomes included safety and adverse event data, and change in MHFMS score for twelve versus six months of active treatment, body composition, quantitative SMN mRNA levels, maximum ulnar CMAP amplitudes, myometry and PFT measures. Results At 6 months, there was no difference in change from the baseline MHFMS score between treatment and placebo groups (difference = 0.643, 95% CI = −1.22–2.51). Adverse events occurred in >80% of subjects and were more common in the treatment group. Excessive weight gain was the most frequent drug-related adverse event, and increased fat mass was negatively related to change in MHFMS values (p = 0.0409). Post-hoc analysis found that children ages two to three years that received 12 months treatment, when adjusted for baseline weight, had significantly improved MHFMS scores (p = 0.03) compared to those who received placebo the first six months. A linear regression analysis limited to the influence of age demonstrates young age as a significant factor in improved MHFMS scores (p = 0.007). Conclusions This study demonstrated no benefit from six months treatment with VPA and L-carnitine in a young non-ambulatory cohort of subjects with SMA. Weight gain, age and treatment duration were significant confounding variables that should be considered in the design of future trials. Trial Registry Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00227266
Challenges for 10 nm MOSFET process integration

An overview of critical integration issues for future generation MOSFETs towards 10 nm gate length is presented. Novel materials and innovative structures are discussed. The need for high-k gate dielectrics and a metal gate electrode is discussed. Different techniques for strain-enhanced mobility are discussed. As an example, ultra thin body SOI devices with high mobility SiGe channels are demonstrated. Keywords—sstrained silicon, silicon germanium, silicon-oninsulator (SOI), high-k dielectrics, hafnium oxide, nano-wire, low-frequency noise, mobility, metal gate.
Chinese microblog sentiment classification based on convolution neural network with content extension method

Related research for sentiment analysis on Chinese microblog is aiming at analyzing the emotion of posters. This paper presents a content extension method that combines post with its' comments into a microblog conversation for sentiment analysis. A new convolutional auto encoder which can extract contextual sentiment information from microblog conversation of the post is proposed. Furthermore, a DBN model, which is composed by several layers of RBM(Restricted Boltzmann Machine) stacked together, is implemented to extract some higher level feature for short text of a post. These RBM layers can encoder observed short text to learn hidden structures or semantics information for better feature representation. A ClassRBM (Classification RBM) layer, which is stacked on top of RBM layers, is adapted to achieve the final sentiment classification. The experiment results demonstrate that, with proper structure and parameter, the performance of the proposed deep learning method on sentiment classification is better than state-of-the-art surface learning models such as SVM or NB, which also proves that DBN is suitable for short-length document classification with the proposed feature dimensionality extension method.
Re-challenge Studies in Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a clinical entity characterized by intestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten in individuals that are not affected by either celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA). Since we do not have specific biomarkers for NCGS, the diagnosis is based on the evidence of a clear relationship between the ingestion of gluten (re-challenge) and clinical symptoms, after a remission during the gluten-free diet (GFD). Several re-challenge studies have been published so far to evaluate the real prevalence of NCGS, reporting conflicting results. In the present article, we provide a systematic review with meta-analysis of the existing literature on re-challenge studies to evaluate prevalence figures of NCGS after re-challenge procedures. Methods: All clinical trials performing a gluten re-challenge with or without a placebo control in patients with a suspected diagnosis of NCGS were included. Search results were limited to studies published in English language. No publication date or publication status restrictions were imposed. Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a considerable heterogeneity related to different sample size, type, and amount of gluten administered, duration of challenge and different type of placebo. The overall pooled percentage of patients with a diagnosis of NCGS relapsing after a gluten challenge was 30%, ranging between 7 and 77%. The meta-analysis showed a not significant relative risk (RR) of relapse after gluten challenge as compared to placebo (RR = 0.4; 95% CI = −0.15–0.9; p = 0.16). The overall pooled percentage of patients with a diagnosis of NCGS relapsing after a gluten challenge performed according to the recent Salerno criteria was significantly higher as compared to the percentage of patients relapsing after placebo (40 vs. 24%; p = 0.003), with a significant RR of relapse after gluten challenge as compared to placebo (RR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.5–5.5; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of NCGS after gluten re-challenge is low, and the percentage of relapse after a gluten or a placebo challenge is similar. However, a higher number of patients will be correctly classified with NCGS if applying the recent Salerno criteria.