Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pressure–Diameter Relationship in Human Coronary Arteries

Background—To quantify the changes in arterial dimensions after the acute changes in pressure associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results—Forty-eight patients with one angiographically moderate-to-severe stenosis were included in the study. The pressure proximal and distal to the stenosis and the arterial diameter proximal and distal to the stenosis were measured at baseline, after intracoronary nitrates, and after stent PCI. In addition, in 8 patients distal pressure and coronary diameter were assessed while graded, controlled stenoses were created in the stented segment by progressive inflation of a balloon catheter. The mean diameter of the proximal coronary segment was 2.75±0.08 mm, 2.92±0.08 mm (+7.4%), and 3.10±0.07 mm (+14.7%) at baseline, after nitrates and after PCI, respectively (P<0.001). The mean diameter of the distal coronary segment was 2.07±0.09 mm, 2.23±0.09 mm (+9.7%), and 2.5±0.07 mm (+28.4%) at baseline, after nitrates and after PCI, respectively (P<0.001). The increase in distal diameter correlated significantly with the increase in distal pressure after PCI (r2=0.57; P<0.001). When graded stenoses were created, a decrease in diameter of 18±4% was observed with a pressure drop of 43±5 mm Hg. Conclusions—The diameter of coronary arteries markedly varies with their distending pressure. After re-establishment of a normal distending pressure by stenting of severe coronary stenoses, a proportional increase in vessel diameter is observed. This should be taken into account when choosing the stent diameter and is an argument to discourage direct stenting.
Parallel adaptive mesh refinement for first‐order system least squares

This paper develops new adaptive mesh refinement strategies for first‐order system least squares (FOSLS) in conjunction with algebraic multigrid (AMG) methods in the context of nested iteration (NI). The goal is to reach a certain error tolerance with the least amount of computational cost and nearly uniform distribution of the error over all elements. To accomplish this, the refinement decisions at each refinement level are determined on the basis of minimizing the ‘accuracy‐per‐computational‐cost’ efficiency (ACE) measure that takes into account both error reduction and computational cost. The NI‐FOSLS‐AMG‐ACE approach produces a sequence of refinement levels in which the error is equally distributed across elements on a relatively coarse grid. Once the solution is numerically resolved, refinement becomes nearly uniform. Accommodations of the ACE approach to massively distributed memory architectures involve a geometric binning strategy to reduce communication cost. Load balancing begins at very coarse levels. Elements and nodes are redistributed using parallel quadtree structures and a space‐filling curve, which automatically ameliorates load balancing issues at finer levels. Numerical results show that the NI‐FOSLS‐AMG‐pACE approach is able to provide highly accurate approximations to rapidly varying solutions at relatively low cost. Excellent weak and strong scalability are demonstrated on 4096 processors for problems with 15 million biquadratic elements.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Calcium Phosphate with an Anodic TiO2 Nanotube Layer on Titanium Screw for Biomedical Application

The present paper reports a novel solution to develop a calcium phosphates (CaPs) coating with an anodic nanotubular TiO2 layer on titanium screw by electrochemical disposition (ECD). The elemental composition of coatings was examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the surface mopholoy was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the functional groups and crystalline phase were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The results showed that a nanotubular TiO2 layer was established which has about 100 mm diameter and the calcium phosphate coatings have higher bioactivity and porosity compared with uncoated titanium screws, which make the coating more conductive to cell adhesion. Using alkaline treatment, the calcium phosphate coating could transform into hydroxyapatite (HAp), making the coating closer to the biological complement. This provides a valuable tool for biomedical applications.
Linking ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services for public policy

Governments worldwide are recognising ecosystem services as an approach to address sustainability challenges. Decision-makers need credible and legitimate measurements of ecosystem services to evaluate decisions for trade-offs to make wise choices. Managers lack these measurements because of a data gap linking ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services. The dominant method to address the data gap is benefit transfer using ecological data from one location to estimate ecosystem services at other locations with similar land cover. However, benefit transfer is only valid once the data gap is adequately resolved. Disciplinary frames separating ecology from economics and policy have resulted in confusion on concepts and methods preventing progress on the data gap. In this study, we present a 10-step approach to unify concepts, methods and data from the disparate disciplines to offer guidance on overcoming the data gap. We suggest: (1) estimate ecosystem characteristics using biophysical models, (2) identify final ecosystem services using endpoints and (3) connect them using ecological production functions to quantify biophysical trade-offs. The guidance is strategic for public policy because analysts need to be: (1) realistic when setting priorities, (2) attentive to timelines to acquire relevant data, given resources and (3) responsive to the needs of decision-makers.
Effect of adhesive primers on bonding strength of heat cure denture base resin to cast titanium and cobalt-chromium alloy

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The poor chemical bonding of a denture base resin to cast titanium framework often introduces adhesive failure and increases microleakage. PURPOSE This study evaluated the shear bond strengths of a heat cure denture base resin to commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a cobalt-chromium alloy using two adhesive primers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disks of commercially pure titanium, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and a cobalt-chromium alloy were cast. Specimens without the primer were also prepared and used as the controls. The shear bond strengths were measured on a screw-driven universal testing machine. RESULTS The primers significantly (P < .05) improved the shear bond strengths of the heat cure resin to all metals. However, the specimens primed with the Alloy primer® (MDP monomer) showed higher bond strength than those primed with the MR bond® (MAC-10 monomer) on titanium. Only adhesive failure was observed at the metal-resin interface in the non-primed specimens, while the primed specimens showed mixed failure of adhesive and cohesive failure. CONCLUSIONS The use of appropriate adhesive metal primers makes it possible not only to eliminate the need for surface preparation of the metal framework before applying the heat cure resins, but also reduce the need for retentive devices on the metal substructure. In particular, the Alloy primer®, which contains the phosphoric acid monomer, MDP, might be clinically more acceptable for bonding a heat cure resin to titanium than a MR bond®, which contains the carboxylic acid monomer, MAC-10.
High transmittance and wide pass-band filter based on a three-layer structure of metal-dielectric-metal hole arrays

In this paper, square lattices of air holes were fabricated on a three-layer structure of metal-dielectric-metal using micromachining technology. The metal-dielectric-metal structure is based on RT/duroid 5870 produced by Rogers corporation. The square period is 400 μm and the radius of circular hole is 100 μm. The thickness of the structure is about 863 μm with metal thickness of 39.2 μm and dielectric layer thickness of 785 μm. The loss and dispersion of the dielectric layer with the dielectric constant of 2.33 are low at microwave frequencies. Terahertz transmission spectra through the sample were measured by the state-of-the-art THz-TDS system. Experimental results show that there is a transmittance centered at 1 THz with a wide pass-band exceeding 100 GHz. Transmission spectra calculated by FDTD method were given for comparisons and showed good agreements with the experimental results. Through analysis, the extraordinary transmission phenomena are caused by both the Febry-Parot effect and surface plasmon polaritons existing on the metal arrays.
Dynamic power management for thermal control of many-core real-time systems

Many-core systems, processors incorporating numerous cores interconnected by a Network on Chip (NoC), provide the computing power needed by future applications. High power density caused by the steadily shrinking transistor size, which is still following Moore's law, leads to a number of problems such as overheating cores, affecting processor reliability and lifetime. Embedded real-time systems are exposed to a changing ambient temperature and thus need to adapt their configuration in order to keep the individual core temperature below critical values. In our approach a hysteresis controller is implemented on each core, triggering a redistribution of the cores' workload and the transition into an idle state allowing the core to cool down. We propose two approaches, one global and one local approach, to redistribute the tasks and relive overheating cores during runtime. We evaluate the two proposed approaches by comparing them against each other based on simulations.
Encores on Cores

We give a new derivation of the threshold of appearance of the $k$-core of a random graph. Our method uses a hybrid model obtained from a simple model of random graphs based on random functions, and the pairing or configuration model for random graphs with given degree sequence. Our approach also gives a simple derivation of properties of the degree sequence of the $k$-core of a random graph, in particular its relation to multinomial and hence independent Poisson variables. The method is also applied to $d$-uniform hypergraphs.
An Introduction to Quantum Turbulence

Turbulence in a superfluid differs from that in a classical fluid because the flow of a superfluid is strongly influenced by quantum effects. Such turbulence is therefore often described as quantum turbulence. We give a brief historical account of the study of quantum turbulence, explaining how our understanding of it has developed. Particular attention is then paid to developments during the past ten years, which have seen the study of types of quantum turbulence that have close classical analogues. Similarities and differences between the classical and quantum cases are discussed, and aspects that are either not understood or the subject of speculation are emphasized. The paper provides an introduction to other and more detailed presentations in the Symposium.
A high-parallelism distributed scheduling mechanism for multi-core instruction-set simulation

Ideally, multi-core instruction-set simulation should run in parallel to improve simulation performance. However, the conventional low-parallelism centralized scheduler greatly constrains simulation performance. To resolve this issue, we propose a high-parallelism distributed scheduling mechanism. The experimental results show that our proposed approach accelerates simulation by 6 to 20 times, depending on the number of cores.
Exploiting social relations for query expansion and result ranking

Online communities have recently become a popular tool for publishing and searching content, as well as for finding and connecting to other users that share common interests. The content is typically user-generated and includes, for example, personal blogs, bookmarks, and digital photos. A particularly intriguing type of content is user-generated annotations (tags) for content items, as these concise string descriptions allow for reasonings about the interests of the user who created the content, but also about the user who generated the annotations. This paper presents a framework to cast the different entities of such networks into a unified graph model representing the mutual relationships of users, content, and tags. It derives scoring functions for each of the entities and relations. We have performed an experimental evaluation on two real-world datasets (crawled from deli.cio.us and Flickr) where manual user assessments of the query result quality show that our unified graph framework delivers high-quality results on social networks.
Algebraic observer for a class of switched systems with zeno phenomenon

For a large class of switched systems with zeno phenomenon, classical observer cannot be applied directly since the terms leading to zeno phenomenon are not derivable. However in this paper, by assuming that these terms are integrable in the less restrictive way, we can define a new output, with which algebraic observer can then be adopted to estimate the states of the studied switched systems with zeno phenomenon. For simplicity, the main idea is explained via normal forms, while it can also be extended to generic switched systems.
Common visual pattern discovery via graph matching

Discovering common visual patterns (CVPs) between two images is a challenging problem, due to the significant photometric and geometric transformations, and the high computational cost. In this paper, we formulate CVPs discovery as a graph matching problem, depending on pairwise geometric compatibility between feature correspondences. To efficiently find all CVPs, we propose two algorithms--Preliminary Initialization Optimization (PIO) and Post Agglomerative Combining (PAC). PIO reduces the search space of CVPs discovery based on the internal homogeneity of CVPs, while PAC refines the discovery result in an agglomerative way. Experiments on object recognition and near-duplicate image re-trieval validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method.
Innate lymphoid cell regulation of adaptive immunity

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were identified principally as non‐T‐cell sources of key cytokines, able to provide rapid and early production of these molecules in the support of tissue homeostasis, repair and response to infection. As our understanding of these cells has developed, it has become evident that ILCs can impact on lymphocytes through a range of mechanisms. Hence, an exciting area of research has evolved in determining the extent to which ILCs may regulate adaptive immune responses. This review will focus initially on our current understanding of where ILC populations are located and what this means for potential cellular interactions. Mechanisms underpinning such interactions and how they may contribute to controlling adaptive immunity will then be considered.
Characterizing data analysis workloads in data centers

As the amount of data explodes rapidly, more and more corporations are using data centers to make effective decisions and gain a competitive edge. Data analysis applications play a significant role in data centers, and hence it has became increasingly important to understand their behaviors in order to further improve the performance of data center computer systems. In this paper, after investigating three most important application domains in terms of page views and daily visitors, we choose eleven representative data analysis workloads and characterize their micro-architectural characteristics by using hardware performance counters, in order to understand the impacts and implications of data analysis workloads on the systems equipped with modern superscalar out-of-order processors. Our study on the workloads reveals that data analysis applications share many inherent characteristics, which place them in a different class from desktop (SPEC CPU2006), HPC (HPCC), and service workloads, including traditional server workloads (SPECweb200S) and scale-out service workloads (four among six benchmarks in CloudSuite), and accordingly we give several recommendations for architecture and system optimizations. On the basis of our workload characterization work, we released a benchmark suite named DCBench for typical datacenter workloads, including data analysis and service workloads, with an open-source license on our project home page on http://prof.ict. ac.cnIDCBench. We hope that DCBench is helpful for performing architecture and small-to-medium scale system researches for datacenter computing.
Association of CHFR Promoter Methylation with Disease Recurrence in Locally Advanced Colon Cancer

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether DNA methylation biomarkers are associated with recurrence and survival in colon cancer patients. Experimental Design: A retrospective analysis of 82 patients who received curative surgical resection for American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) high-risk stage II or III colon cancer (1999–2007) was conducted. DNA methylation status was quantitatively evaluated by the pyrosequencing method. We preselected three tumor suppressor genes and one locus of interest; CHFR, ID4, RECK, and MINT1. Mean methylation levels of multiple CpG sites in the promoter regions were used for analysis; 15% or more was defined as methylation positive. The association of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) with methylation status was analyzed by the log-rank test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Methylation levels of ID4, MINT1, and RECK did not correlate with RFS or OS. CHFR was methylation positive in 63% patients. When methylation status was dichotomized (negative or low: <30%, high: ≥30%), patients with CHFR methylation-high (44%) had worse RFS (P = 0.006) and reduced OS (P = 0.069). When stratified by stage, CHFR methylation-high was associated with reduced RFS (P = 0.004) and OS (P = 0.010) in stage III patients. CHFR methylation-high was commonly associated with N2 disease (P = 0.04) and proximal tumors (P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated AJCC T4 disease and CHFR methylation-high (P = 0.001 and P = 0.015, respectively) were independent predictors for recurrence. Conclusions: The extent of CHFR promoter methylation correlates with RFS, indicating it is a promising epigenetic marker for recurrence. Clin Cancer Res; 17(13); 4531–40. ©2011 AACR.
Modeling and Interpreting Multimodal Inputs: A Semantic Integration Approach

Abstract : Modern user interfaces can take advantage of multiple input modalities such as speech, gestures, handwriting. to increase robustness and flexibility. The construction of such multimodal interfaces would be greatly facilitated by a unified framework that provides methods to characterize and interpret multimodal inputs. In this paper we describe a semantic model and a multimodal grammar structure for a broad class of multimodal applications. We also present a set of grammar-based Java tools that facilitate the construction of multimodal input processing modules, including a connectionist network for multimodal semantic integration.
A neuromusculoskeletal model of the human upper limb for a myoelectric exoskeleton control using a reduced number of muscles

This paper presents a myoelectric control of an arm exoskeleton designed for rehabilitation. A four-muscles-based NeuroMusculoSkeletal (NMS) model was implemented and optimized using genetic algorithms to adapt the model to different subjects. The NMS model is able to predict the shoulder and elbow torques which are used by the control algorithm to ensure a minimal force of interaction. The accuracy of the method is assessed through validation experiments conducted with two healthy subjects performing free movements along the pseudo-sagittal plane. The experiments show promising results for our approach showing its potential for being introduced in a rehabilitation protocol.
Investigating segment-based query expansion for user-generated spoken content retrieval

The very rapid growth in user-generated social multimedia content on online platforms is creating new challenges for search technologies. A significant issue for search of this type of content is its highly variable form and quality. This is compounded by the standard information retrieval (IR) problem of mismatch between search queries and target items. Query Expansion (QE) has been shown to be an effect technique to improve IR effectiveness for multiple search tasks. In QE, words from a number of relevant or assumed relevant top ranked documents from an initial search are added to the initial search query to enrich it before carrying out a further search operation. In this work, we investigate the application of QE methods for searching social multimedia content. In particular we focus on social multimedia content where the information is primarily in the audio stream. To address the challenge of content variability, we introduce three speech segment-based methods for QE using: Semantic segmentation, Discourse segmentation and Window-Based. Our experimental investigation illustrates the superiority of these segment-based methods in comparison to a standard full document QE method for a version of the MediaEval 2012 Search task newly extended as an adhoc search task.
Enhancement of Flow Diffusion in a Centrifugal Compressor Stage with Backward Curved Impeller by Shroud Extension – A Numerical Study

Efficient, compact centrifugal compressor with higher pressure ratios along with adequate surge margins necessitates developing non-conventional diffuser designs. A method of reducing shear losses on the stationary vaneless diffuser sidewalls is by rotating the side walls of vaneless diffuser. Forced rotating vaneless diffuser, a type in which the diffuser is integral with impeller and rotates at same speed, is obtained by extending the impeller disks beyond the blades. In this paper, the conventional stationary vaneless diffuser is redesigned to act as a ‘forced’ rotating vaneless diffuser. The effect of shroud extension is analyzed for the backward curved centrifugal impeller with shrouds extended by 40% with impeller exit diameter on flow diffusion and compared to an impeller with stationary vaneless diffuser. A higher static pressure rise by around 10% along with reduced losses is achieved by shroud extension configuration, RVD-ES. This indicates that the rate of diffusion is higher in the extended shroud configuration.
A role for the metalloprotease invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis

Abstract Invadolysin is a novel metalloprotease conserved amongst metazoans that is essential for life in Drosophila. We previously showed that invadolysin was essential for the cell cycle and cell migration, linking to metabolism through a role in lipid storage and interaction with mitochondrial proteins. In this study we demonstrate that invadolysin mutants exhibit increased autophagy and decreased glycogen storage – suggestive of a role for invadolysin in insulin signaling in Drosophila. Consistent with this, effectors of insulin signaling were decreased in invadolysin mutants. In addition, we discovered that invadolysin was deposited on newly synthesized lipid droplets in a PKC-dependent manner. We examined two in vitro models of adipogenesis for the expression and localization of invadolysin. The level of invadolysin increased during both murine 3T3-L1 and human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS), adipogenesis. Invadolysin displayed a dynamic localization to lipid droplets over the course of adipogenesis, which may be due to the differential expression of distinct invadolysin variants. Pharmacological inhibition of adipogenesis abrogated the increase in invadolysin. In summary, our results on in vivo and in vitro systems highlight an important role for invadolysin in insulin signaling and adipogenesis.