Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a New Companion and Evidence of a Circumprimary Disk: Adaptive Optics Imaging of the Young Multiple System VW Chamaeleon

Since a majority of young low-mass stars are members of multiple systems, the study of their stellar and disk configurations is crucial to our understanding of both star and planet formation processes. Here we present near-infrared adaptive optics observations of the young multiple star system VW Chamaeleon. The previously known 0. ″7 binary is clearly resolved already in our raw J- and K-band images. We report the discovery of a new faint companion to the secondary, at an apparent separation of only 0. ″1, or 16 AU. Our high-resolution photometric observations also make it possible to measure the J-K colors of each of the three components individually. We detect an infrared excess in the primary, consistent with theoretical models of a circumprimary disk. Analytical and numerical calculations of orbital stability show that VW Cha may be a stable triple system. Using models for the age and total mass of the secondary pair, we estimate the orbital period to be 74 yr. Thus, follow-up astrometric observations might yield direct dynamical masses within a few years and constrain evolutionary models of low-mass stars. Our results demonstrate that adaptive optics imaging in conjunction with deconvolution techniques is a powerful tool for probing close multiple systems.
Development and Validation of a Unidimensional Maltreatment Scale in the Add Health Data Set

Four maltreatment items were examined from Wave III (N = 13,516) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, cross-validation, reliability estimates, and convergent validity coefficients strongly supported the validity of using the four items as a unidimensional composite. Implications for education and practice are discussed.
Shifting Stakes: Understanding the Dynamic Roles of Individuals and Organizations in Social Media Protests

In this paper we examine two protests characterized by substantial social media presence and distributed participation frameworks via two core questions: what roles did organizations and individuals play, and how did participants’ social interactions change over the course of the protests? To answer these questions, we analyzed a large Twitter activity dataset for the #YoSoy132 student uprising in Mexico and Brazil’s “bus rebellion. ” Results indicate that individuals initially took prominence at the protests but faded in importance as the movements dwindled and organizations took over. Regarding the dynamics and structure of the interactions, we found that key time points with unique social structures often map to exogenous events such as coordinated protests in physical locations. Our results have important consequences for the visibility of such social movements and their ability to attract continued participation by individuals and organizations.
Binding Specificity of Protein Phosphatase 2A Core Enzyme for Regulatory B Subunits and T Antigens

ABSTRACT The core enzyme of protein phosphatase 2A is composed of a regulatory subunit A and a catalytic subunit C. It is controlled by three types of regulatory B subunits (B, B′, and B") and by tumor (T) antigens, which are unrelated by sequence but bind to overlapping regions on the A subunit. To find out whether the different B subunits and T antigens bind to identical or distinct amino acids of the A subunit, mutants were generated and their abilities to bind B subunits and T antigens were tested. We found that some amino acids are involved in the binding of all types of B subunits, whereas others are specifically involved in the binding of one or two types of B subunits. T-antigen-binding specificity does not correlate with that of a particular type of B subunit.
Mapping Place: Supporting Cultural Learning through a Lukasa-inspired Tangible Tabletop Museum Exhibit

Museums are exploring new ways of using emerging digital technologies to enhance the visitor experience. In this context, our research focuses on designing, developing and studying interactions for museum exhibits that introduce cultural concepts in ways that are tangible and embodied. We introduce here a tangible tabletop installation piece that was designed for a museum exhibition contrasting Western and African notions of mapping history and place. Inspired by the Lukasa board, a mnemonic device used by the Luba peoples in Central Africa, the tabletop piece enables visitors to learn and understand symbolic and nonlinguistic mapping concepts that are central to the Lukasa by creating and sharing stories with each other. In this paper we share our design process, a user study focusing on children and learning, and design implications on how digital and tangible interaction technologies can be used for cultural learning in museum exhibits.
Gompertz kinetics model of fast chemical neurotransmission currents

At a chemical synapse, transmitter molecules ejected from presynaptic terminal(s) bind reversibly with postsynaptic receptors and trigger an increase in channel conductance to specific ions. This paper describes a simple but accurate predictive model for the time course of the synaptic conductance transient, based on Gompertz kinetics. In the model, two simple exponential decay terms set the rates of development and decline of transmitter action. The first, r, triggering conductance activation, is surrogate for the decelerated rate of growth of conductance, G. The second, r′, responsible for Y, deactivation of the conductance, is surrogate for the decelerated rate of decline of transmitter action. Therefore, the differential equation for the net conductance change, g, triggered by the transmitter is dg/dt = g(r−r′). The solution of that equation yields the product of G(t), representing activation, and Y(t), which defines the proportional decline (deactivation) of the current. The model fits, over their full‐time course, published records of macroscopic ionic current associated with fast chemical transmission. The Gompertz model is a convenient and accurate method for routine analysis and comparison of records of synaptic current and putative transmitter time course. A Gompertz fit requiring only three independent rate constants plus initial current appears indistinguishable from a Markov fit using seven rate constants. Synapse 58:53–61, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From Teacher to Student

This study considers the usefulness of formal teacher preparation for those with prior teaching experience. We examine the experiences of STEP (Stanford Teacher Education Program) graduates who had significant classroom teaching experience prior to entering STEP. Five themes emerge as central to the learning of these experienced teachers during their STEP year: a greater awareness of the students in their classes who are struggling academically and how to help them; a broader and more complex understanding of curriculum planning; the importance of collegiality and collaboration in professional life; the value of feedback and structured reflection; and theoretical frameworks of education that enhanced both pedagogy and appreciation for broader educational issues outside the classroom. The comments of these STEP graduates reveal their strong support of a comprehensive training experience that recognizes the value of classroom experience but situates it in an intellectually rigorous context of reflection, feedback, and collaboration.
Elections and “sons of the soil” conflict dynamics in Africa and Asia

Recent research reveals that nearly one-third of ethnic civil wars since 1945 have been “sons of the soil” (SoS) conflicts that pit indigenous populations against internal migrants. Despite important differences across SoS conflicts, many share a common trait as they often escalate during elections. While scholars have examined the causal mechanisms behind electoral violence, the relationship between elections and SoS conflicts has been overlooked. By examining a wide range of cases, the article breaks with previous research that privileges in-depth case studies of SoS conflicts with high levels of violence. Using insights from recent fieldwork in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Indonesia, the article sheds light on the causal dynamics that link elections and diverging levels of SoS conflict. In so doing, it illustrates how the severing of patronage networks and the shifting balance of power towards migrants create fertile contexts for political elites to instrumentalize local grievances. Elections are thus more likely to produce violent SoS conflicts when elites (at both the national and local levels) are able to mobilize supporters by playing upon these grievances, often through the politicization of citizenship and/or the ethnicization of the local sphere.
DNA as Therapeutics; an Update

Human gene therapy is the introduction of new genetic material into the cells of an individual with the intention of producing a therapeutic benefit for the patient. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are used in gene therapy. Over time and with proper oversight, human gene therapy might become an effective weapon in modern medicine's arsenal to help fight diseases such as cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia and other genetic disorders. Gene therapy trials in humans are of two types, somatic and germ line gene therapy. There are many ethical, social, and commercial issues raised by the prospects of treating patients whose consent is impossible to obtain. This review summarizes deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics and gene transfer technologies for the diseases that are known to be genetic in origin. Deoxyribonucleic acid-based therapeutics includes plasmids, oligonucleotides for antisense and antigene applications, deoxyribonucleic acid aptamers and deoxyribonucleic acidzymes. This review also includes current status of gene therapy and recent developments in gene therapy research.
RELATIONSHIP OF MATHEMATICS HOMEWORK TO MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT AMONG GRADE 8 STUDENTS IN SINGAPORE

This study, drawing on data from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007, examined the relationships of the frequency of mathematics homework and the amount of time spent on mathematics homework to student achievement in mathematics among Grade 8 students in Singapore. The authors also explored the relationships of students’ attitude toward mathematics, their self-confidence in learning mathematics, and the value they place on mathematics with the amount of time they spent on mathematics homework. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses revealed that the frequency of mathematics homework students were assigned each week and the amount of time they spent on it were significantly positively related to mathematics achievement, after accounting for gender, language spoken at home, and parents’ highest level of education. Moreover, students’ positive affect toward mathematics and the value they place on mathematics were also significantly positively associated with the amount of time students spent on mathematics homework, after controlling for gender, language spoken at home, and parents’ highest level of education. In contrast, students’ self-confidence in learning mathematics was significantly negatively associated with the amount of time students spent on mathematics homework. Implications of these findings are discussed for practice and pedagogy.
Facilitation of metastasis by antithymocyte globulin.

Antithymocyte globulin (ATG) increases the number, size, and rate of appearance of pulmonary metastases in mice from implants of the syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) without significantly increasing the weight of the primary tumor. An attempt was therefore made to determine whether this effect was due to an earlier release of malignant cells from the primary tumor or to facilitation of the subsequent implantation of the cells in the lungs. Counts of the numbers of malignant cells in the blood of mice with 3LL implants and experiments in which the primary tumor was excised at various times indicated that ATG caused an earlier release of malignant cells into the circulation. Examination of the blood of control tumor-bearing mice showed a maximum level of immunoblasts 4 days after implantation of 3LL tumor, while treatment with ATG abrogated this response. These findings suggest a possible correlation, in the ATG-treated mice, between the absence of the immunoblast response and the earlier release of malignant cells from the primary tumor.
Students' Self-Reported Effort and Time on Homework in Six School Subjects: Between-Students Differences and Within-Student Variation.

Effort on homework has a profound impact on student achievement. Researchers typically use an interindividual research design to explain homework effort. In this study with a total of 511 students from Grades 8 and 9, an interindividual perspective (focus on between-students differences) was combined with an intraindividual perspective (focus on within-student differences). Multilevel modeling showed that students' homework effort was a function of between-students differences in conscientiousness and within-student differences in perceived homework characteristics (subject-specific quality of tasks and homework control), perceived parental valuation of specific subjects, and homework motivation (subject-specific expectancy and value beliefs). Furthermore, a significant cross-level interaction indicated that perceived homework control by teachers had a stronger effect on students low in conscientiousness than on their more conscientious peers.
The Decorative PixMosaics: Using Directional Photo Tiles

This paper introduces a new kind of mosaic, called the Decorative PixMosaic, where photo tiles of square shapes are used to compose the final image. We can express the resulting image with a similar color distribution of input images from small photo tiles. Based on an input image, user-selected edge features and a wide range of photo tiles, the method can both reproduce the image’s textures and emphasize the selected edges by placing tiles that follow the edges. The voronoi site is situated in the center point of the tile using the Centroidal Voronoi Diagram for equally maintaining the distance among the tiles. To express the edges using tiles on the voronoi site as the center point, tiles do not cross image edges and are drawn up as following edge’s direction. We use a distribution photo with similar color selected from the photo database. It is important to search for a visually similar photo. Hence we must have a large number of photo tiles.
‘HUNTERS-WITH-SHEEP’: THE |XAM BUSHMEN OF SOUTH AFRICA BETWEEN PASTORALISM AND FORAGING

ABSTRACT The ability of hunting and gathering populations to adopt herding forms of subsistence constitutes the crux of a long-standing debate in southern African archaeological and anthropological scholarship concerning the spread of livestock to the subcontinent. This article takes as a detailed case study the subsistence strategies of the nineteenth-century ǀXam Bushmen of the Northern Cape (South Africa), extracted from a transcription of the entirety of the Bleek–Lloyd Archive. It focuses on ǀXam characterization of and relationships with the various domesticated species that shared their Karoo landscape, and asks whether these relationships differ markedly from their conceptions of non-domesticated animals. Turning to the wider context of hunter-gatherer engagements with domesticates, the article concludes by proposing that, for the ǀXam, domesticated fauna were part of a spectrum of differentiated resources, and did not entail an interaction with a wholly alien suite of new demands. RÉSUMÉ La capacité des populations de chasseurs et cueilleurs à adopter l’élevage comme forme de subsistance est au cœur d’un débat qui anime depuis longtemps la recherche archéologique et anthropologique en Afrique australe concernant la propagation du bétail dans le sous-continent. Cet article prend comme étude de cas détaillée les stratégies de subsistance des Bushmen ǀXam du Northern Cape (Afrique du Sud) au dix-neuvième siècle, extraites d'une transcription des archives complètes de Bleek et Lloyd. Il traite de la caractérisation par les ǀXam des diverses espèces domestiquées qui partageaient leur paysage Karoo, ainsi que de leurs rapports avec ces espèces, et pose la question de savoir si ces rapports diffèrent sensiblement de leurs conceptions des animaux non domestiqués. S’intéressant ensuite au contexte plus large des interactions des chasseurs-cueilleurs avec les animaux domestiqués, l’article conclut en proposant que pour les ǀXam, la faune domestiquée faisait partie d’un spectre de ressources différenciées, et n’impliquait pas une interaction avec un ensemble totalement étranger de nouvelles exigences.
“Mother's Voice Was the Main Source of Learning”: Parents' Role in Supporting the Literacy Development of Students with Autism

Students with significant disabilities, including those with autism-spectrum labels, are increasingly being included in the regular education classroom for literacy instruction and held to high standards for literacy achievement (Yell, Drasgow, & Lowrey, 2005), but research with these students as participants has been limited, especially in inclusive settings such as the home or classroom. Grounded in perspectives from disability studies (Biklen, 2005; Kliewer, Biklen, & Kasa-Hendrickson, 2006) and socio-cultural theories of literacy (Gallego & Hollingsworth, 2000; O'Brien, 2003), this qualitative study used inductive methods (Strauss & Corbin, 1998) to analyze the literacy-related messages of 16 autobiographies authored by individuals on the autism spectrum. Analysis revealed a key role for parents in supporting their children's literacy development at home, with results clustering in these three areas: (a) parents' persistence in following small cues related to literacy development, (b) their use of literacy to make social codes explicit, and (c) their strategic employment of support to ensure their children's success with literacy while increasing challenges over time. Implications for practice and research are discussed, with an emphasis on collaborative inquiry with learners on the autism spectrum and their parents.
Protein Kinase CK2 Holoenzyme Promotes Start-Specific Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

ABSTRACT In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the entrance into S phase requires the activation of a specific burst of transcription, which depends on SBF (SCB binding factor, Swi4/Swi6) and MBF (MCB binding factor, Mbp1/Swi6) complexes. CK2 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in several cellular processes, including the regulation of the cell cycle. CK2 is composed of two catalytic subunits (α and α′) and two regulatory subunits (β and β′), both of which are required to form the active holoenzyme. Here we investigate the function of the CK2 holoenzyme in Start-specific transcription. The ckb1Δ ckb2Δ mutant strain, bearing deletions of both genes encoding CK2 regulatory subunits, shows a delay of S-phase entrance due to a severe reduction of the expression of SBF- and MBF-dependent genes. This transcriptional defect is caused by an impaired recruitment of Swi6 and Swi4 to G1 gene promoters. Moreover, CK2 α and β′ subunits interact with RNA polymerase II, whose binding to G1 promoters is positively regulated by the CK2 holoenzyme. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel role for the CK2 holoenzyme in the activation of G1 transcription.
Research on MANET Security Architecture Design

Owing to characteristics of open medium, dynamic topology and distribution, the security of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is more rigorous than that of traditional network. Referring to the I-ADD process of security analysis, the paper analyzed features, insecurity factors and security threats of MANET. Aiming at the security requirements, the design requirements for network security defense of MANET was brought out. Based on this and referring to OSI hierarchy model, the security architecture was designed. The analysis on relationship between each layer of the architecture and that of OSI was also provided, which offers framework for planning and designing secure and reliable MANET.
Teaching for Global Literacy in Higher Education: How Prepared Are the Educators?

This article examines the relationship between faculty's professional and personal backgrounds and the extent to which they incorporate an approach to teaching for global awareness and intercultural sensitivity into their curriculum. Through an analysis of the pertinent literature, the study examines the relevant theoretical frameworks of personal practical knowledge and professional knowledge landscapes, as well as the evidence linking faculty's cultural competence and world-mindedness to classroom practice. The article concludes that a considerable number of empirical studies have been carried out that explore different aspects of faculty experiences, background, and disciplinary affiliation, and how such variables affect intercultural sensitivity, cultural competence, and world-mindedness among faculty. However, less conclusive evidence is available as to whether and how such traits in faculty translate into classroom practice. More studies, in particular classroom observations, need to be carried out to elucidate actual classroom practices.
EXPERTISE AND PROBLEM CATEGORIZATION: THE ROLE OF EXPERT PROCESSING IN ORGANIZATIONAL SENSE-MAKING

Our purpose is to understand more fully the role of managerial cognition in organizations. As such, we adopted an experimental approach in studying the use of expert processing in the categorization of organizational problems. We compared the problem categories of 38 chief executive officers (CEOs) in the machine tool industry (experts) with those of 30 MBA students (novices). The results of a problem sorting task indicated that experts tended to categorize the ill‐structured problems significantly faster than novices. Experts also had greater variance in the number of categories used and they incorporated more problem information. Follow‐up analyses revealed that the number of categories was negatively related to experts’age and positively related to the number of processes and services offered by their respective organizations. These findings are consistent with the contention that experts rely on well‐developed, context‐dependent heuristics in the early stages of their decision‐making. It is argued that such heuristics allow organizational experts to make sense of strategic issues quickly, and respond in an efficient and effective manner.
Correlates of Citizenship Behaviour of Nigerian Secondary School Students

Summary This paper examined the extent to which gender, academic achievement in social studies and the occupation of the parents of the students may be intervening variables in the citizenship behaviour of students within the school purview. An observational scheme, using Mehlinger's and Okunrotifa's posit, was used to observe 60 students for 3 weeks by trained raters. While the general picture appears satisfactory and gender has no significant influence, academic achievement in social studies and the occupation of parents are significant variables associated with student degree of citizenship behaviour. Therefore, in all school work dealing with civic competence, moral education concepts should be used and students should be associated heterogeneously across sex, intellectual capability and parents’ status.