Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Turkish Presidential Elections TRT Publicity Speech Facial Expression Analysis

In this paper, facial expressions of the three Turkish presidential candidates Demirtas, Erdogan and Ihsanoglu (in alphabetical order) are analyzed during the publicity speeches featured at TRT (Turkish Radio and Television) on 03.08. 2014. FaceReader is used for the analysis where 3D modeling of the face is achieved using the active appearance models (AAM). Over 500 landmark points are tracked and analyzed for obtaining the facial expressions during the whole speech. All source videos and the data are publicly available for research purposes.
Fall Risk and Prevention Needs Assessment in an Older Adult Latino Population: A Model Community Global Health Partnership

Background: The impact of falls in older adults presents a significant public health burden. Fall risk is not well-described in Latino populations nor have fall prevention programs considered the needs of this population.Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop a needs assessment of falls in older adult Latinos at a community center (CC), determine fall prevention barriers and strengths in this population, determine the level of interest in various fall prevention methods, and provide medical students an opportunity for participation in a culturally diverse community project.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of older adult program participants. The survey was developed in collaboration with both partners. CC participants were approached by the interviewer and asked to participate. They were read the survey in their preferred language and their answers were recorded. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: We conducted 103 interviews. We found that 54% of participants had fallen in the last year, and of those 21% required medical care, 81% were afraid of falling again, and 66% considered themselves at risk for falling again. Of all respondents, 52% had 5 or more of the 10 surveyed risk factors for falling; 4% had no risk factors. Of all respondents, 75% were afraid of falling. Talking with health care providers and participating in an exercise class were the preferred methods of health information delivery (78% and 65%, respectively). Conclusion: Older adult Latinos in this selected population frequently fall and are worried about falling. Risk factors are prevalent. A fall prevention program is warranted and should include exercise classes and a connection with local primary care providers. A partnership between an academic organization and a CC is an ideal collaboration for the future development of prevention program.
Assessing Error Bound For Dominant Point Detection

This paper compares the error bounds of two classes of dominant point detection methods, viz. methods based on reducing a distance metric and methods based on digital straight segments. We highlight using two methods in each class that the error bounds within the same class may vary depending upon the fine details and control parameters of the methods but the essential error bound can be determined analytically for each class. The assessment presented in this paper will enable the users of dominant point detection methods to understand the nature of error in the method of their choice and help them to make better decision about the methods and their control parameters.
A Revised Architecture of Primary Cell Walls Based on Biomechanical Changes Induced by Substrate-Specific Endoglucanases1[C][W][OA]

Xyloglucan is widely believed to function as a tether between cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell wall, limiting cell enlargement by restricting the ability of microfibrils to separate laterally. To test the biomechanical predictions of this “tethered network” model, we assessed the ability of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) hypocotyl walls to undergo creep (long-term, irreversible extension) in response to three family-12 endo-β-1,4-glucanases that can specifically hydrolyze xyloglucan, cellulose, or both. Xyloglucan-specific endoglucanase (XEG from Aspergillus aculeatus) failed to induce cell wall creep, whereas an endoglucanase that hydrolyzes both xyloglucan and cellulose (Cel12A from Hypocrea jecorina) induced a high creep rate. A cellulose-specific endoglucanase (CEG from Aspergillus niger) did not cause cell wall creep, either by itself or in combination with XEG. Tests with additional enzymes, including a family-5 endoglucanase, confirmed the conclusion that to cause creep, endoglucanases must cut both xyloglucan and cellulose. Similar results were obtained with measurements of elastic and plastic compliance. Both XEG and Cel12A hydrolyzed xyloglucan in intact walls, but Cel12A could hydrolyze a minor xyloglucan compartment recalcitrant to XEG digestion. Xyloglucan involvement in these enzyme responses was confirmed by experiments with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) hypocotyls, where Cel12A induced creep in wild-type but not in xyloglucan-deficient (xxt1/xxt2) walls. Our results are incompatible with the common depiction of xyloglucan as a load-bearing tether spanning the 20- to 40-nm spacing between cellulose microfibrils, but they do implicate a minor xyloglucan component in wall mechanics. The structurally important xyloglucan may be located in limited regions of tight contact between microfibrils.
Engaging Autism: Using the Floortime Approach to Help Children Relate, Communicate, and Think

This is the long-awaited publication of Stanley Greenspan's revolutionary ideas on how to treat autism. Stanley Greenspan's work has long been known to all who are engaged in early intervention with autistic children, and to professionals and proactive parents who follow his research. Now, his work is about to break upon a larger scene, as the incidence of the problem rises, and Greenspan's unique developmental model is shown to have more success than the traditional behavioural approaches. Two exciting aspects distinguish Greenspan's approach: first, it is much more optimistic, showing that children with signs of autism or autistic spectrum disorders do not have a fixed, limited potential, but in many cases can join their peers and lead full, psychologically healthy lives. Secondly, his approach can be applied at a much earlier stage, when early signs appear. Thus the possibility of preventing the full development of autism is now raised. The book itself will be very straightforward: a new definition of autistic spectrum disorders, guidance for diagnosis and avoiding misdiagnosis, ways to recognize early signs, treatment guidelines, case stories and help for a number of particular challenges in relationships, language, social skills and disruptive symptoms. Unique features of this comprehensive guide include: new definition of autism; myths about autism; approaches to prevention; how to avoid misdiagnosis; earliest and ongoing signs of autism; first steps for families; new and optimistic goals for children with ASD (autistic spectrum disorders); effective help for older children and adults with ASD; floortime approach - step by step; how to design a comprehensive programme to fit each individual child; overcoming difficult symptoms such as repetitive behaviour, self-stimulation and aggression; and new research on causes and treatment outcomes.
Implementation and Operational Research: Age Distribution and Determinants of Invasive Cervical Cancer in a “Screen-and-Treat” Program Integrated With HIV/AIDS Care in Zambia

Background:Cervical cancer screening efforts linked to HIV/AIDS care programs are being expanded across sub-Saharan Africa. Evidence on the age distribution and determinants of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) cases detected in such programs is limited. Methods:We analyzed program operations data from the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia, the largest public sector programs of its kind in sub-Saharan Africa. We examined age distribution patterns by HIV serostatus of histologically confirmed ICC cases and used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent risk factors for ICC among younger (⩽35 years) and older (>35 years) women. Results:Between January 2006 and April 2010, of 48,626 women undergoing screening, 571 (1.2%) were diagnosed with ICC, including 262 (46%) HIV seropositive (median age: 35 years), 131 (23%) HIV seronegative (median age: 40 years), and 178 (31%) of unknown HIV serostatus (median age: 38 years). Among younger (⩽35 years) women, being HIV seropositive was associated with a 4-fold higher risk of ICC [adjusted odds ratio = 4.1 (95% confidence interval: 2.8, 5.9)] than being HIV seronegative. The risk of ICC increased with increasing age among HIV-seronegative women and women with unknown HIV serostatus, but among HIV-seropositive women, the risk peaked around age 35 and nonsignificantly declined with increasing ages. Other factors related to ICC included being married (vs. being unmarried/widowed) in both younger and older women, and with having 2+ (vs. ⩽1) lifetime sexual partners among younger women. Conclusions:HIV infection seems to have increased the risk of cervical cancer among younger women in Zambia, pointing to the urgent need for expanding targeted screening interventions.
The phenomenology and temporal distributions of autobiographical memories elicited with emotional and neutral cue words

In this study we examined whether the temporal distribution of autobiographical memory changes when different types of cue words are used to elicit the memories, and how the type of cue word affects the phenomenal characteristics of the memories. A total of 76 participants, ranging in age from 21 to 69 years, were presented with 22 cue words (emotional, emotion-provoking, and neutral). They were asked to recall a personal event and to complete the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (Rubin, Schrauf, & Greenberg, 2003, 2004) for each cue word. Results showed that the phenomenological properties of autobiographical memories which were cued with emotional and emotion-provoking words were rated higher than those of memories which were cued with neutral words, and that the peak in the temporal distributions of the autobiographical memories that were cued with emotional or emotion-provoking words were located later than the peak of the distribution of the memories that were cued with neutral words.
Beyond Laminar Fate: Toward a Molecular Classification of Cortical Projection/Pyramidal Neurons

Cortical projection neurons exhibit diverse morphological, physiological, and molecular phenotypes, but it is unknown how many distinct types exist. Many projection cell phenotypes are associated with laminar fate (radial position), but each layer may also contain multiple types of projection cells. We have investigated two hypotheses: (1) that different projection cell types exhibit characteristic molecular expression profiles and (2) that laminar fates are determined primarily by molecular phenotype. We found that several transcription factors were differentially expressed by projection neurons, even within the same layer: Otx1 and Er81, for example, were expressed by different neurons in layer 5. Retrograde tracing showed that Er81 was expressed in corticospinal and corticocortical neurons. In contrast, Otx1 has been detected only in corticobulbar neurons [Weimann et al., Neuron 1999;24:819–831]. Birthdating demonstrated that different molecularly defined types were produced sequentially, in overlapping waves. Cells adopted laminar fates characteristic of their molecular phenotypes, regardless of cell birthday. Molecular markers also revealed the locations of different projection cell types in the malformed cortex of reeler mice. These studies suggest that molecular profiles can be used advantageously for classifying cortical projection cells, for analyzing their neurogenesis and fate specification, and for evaluating cortical malformations.
Imaging of Abdominal and Pelvic Manifestations of Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant.

OBJECTIVE Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). GVHD predominantly affects the skin, gastrointestinal system and hepatobiliary systems. Imaging findings in the gastrointestinal tract include bowel wall thickening with mucosal enhancement, mesenteric edema, and vascular engorgement. In the hepatobiliary system, hepatosplenomegaly, periportal edema, bile duct dilatation, and gallbladder and biliary wall thickening are seen. Although the imaging findings of GVHD are nonspecific, with a known history of HSCT, GVHD should be considered. CONCLUSION GVHD is a serious complication of HSCT, which involves multiple organ systems, with imaging manifestations most commonly seen in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system. Knowledge of the imaging manifestations of GVHD, which alone may be relatively nonspecific, taken in conjunction with clinical history including the timing and type of HSCT, laboratory values, stool studies, and dermatologic findings can increase radiologist confidence in suggesting this diagnosis.
The doubling of place

The title of this paper is a phrase borrowed from the work of a theorist and historian of broadcasting, Paddy Scannell (1996). For Scannell (1996, p. 172), one of the remarkable (‘magical’) yet now largely taken-for-granted consequences of radio and television use is what he calls the «doubling of place». His idea that these media serve to «double» reality is developed in an analysis of the distinctive character of public events (and of «being-in-public») in late modern life: «Public events now occur, simultaneously, in two different places: the place of the event itself and that in which it is watched and heard. Broadcasting mediates between these two sites» (Scannell, 1996, p. 76). In proposing a «phenomenological approach» to the study of radio and television (see also Scannell, 1995), which is concerned in part with the «ways of being in the world» (Scannell 1996, p. 173) that have been created for viewers and listeners, he goes on to argue that, for audience members in their multiple, dispersed local settings, there are transformed «possibilities of being: of being in two places at once» (Scannell, 1996, p. 91). Of course, it is only ever possible for any individual to be in one place at a time physically, but broadcasting nevertheless permits a «live» witnessing of remote happenings that can bring these happenings experientially «close» or «within range», thereby removing the «farness» (Scannell, 1996, p. 167). I want to suggest in this paper that Scannell’s concept of the doubling of place and his reflections on the altered «possibilities of being» for media users, while they appear in a book devoted to the study of broadcasting, might also be applied more generally in the analysis of those electronic media, such as the Internet and telephone, which share with radio and television a capacity for the virtually instantaneous transmission of information across sometimes vast spatial distances. Broadcasting, as Scannell has SHAUN MOORES
Biomolecular Mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are the most prevalent Gram-negative biofilm forming medical device associated pathogens, particularly with respect to catheter associated urinary tract infections. In a similar manner to Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative biofilm formation is fundamentally determined by a series of steps outlined more fully in this review, namely adhesion, cellular aggregation, and the production of an extracellular polymeric matrix. More specifically this review will explore the biosynthesis and role of pili and flagella in Gram-negative adhesion and accumulation on surfaces in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The process of biofilm maturation is compared and contrasted in both species, namely the production of the exopolysaccharides via the polysaccharide synthesis locus (Psl), pellicle Formation (Pel) and alginic acid synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and UDP-4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose and colonic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli. An emphasis is placed on the importance of the LuxR homologue sdiA; the luxS/autoinducer-II; an autoinducer-III/epinephrine/norepinephrine and indole mediated Quorum sensing systems in enabling Gram-negative bacteria to adapt to their environments. The majority of Gram-negative biofilms consist of polysaccharides of a simple sugar structure (either homo- or heteropolysaccharides) that provide an optimum environment for the survival and maturation of bacteria, allowing them to display increased resistance to antibiotics and predation.
Collusion-free protocols

Secure protocols attempt to minimize the injuries to privacy and correctness inflicted by malicious participants who collude during run-time. They do not, however, prevent malicious parties from colluding and coordinating their actions in the first place! Eliminating such collusion of malicious parties during the execution of a protocol is an important and exciting direction for research in Cryptography. We contribute the first general result in this direction: (1) We provide a rigorous definition of what a collusion-free protocol is; and (2) We prove that, under standard physical and computational assumptions ---i.e., plain envelopes and trapdoor permutations---collusion-free protocols exist for all finite protocol tasks with publicly observable actions. (Note that such tasks are allowed to have secret global state, and thus include Poker, Bridge, and other such games.Our solution is tight in the sense that, for a collusion-free protocol to exist, each of (a) the finiteness of the game of interest, (b) the public observability of its actions, and (c) the use of some type of physically private channel is provably essential.
Homotopy-preserving medial axis simplification

We present a novel algorithm to compute a simplified medial axis of a polyhedron. Our simplification algorithm tends to remove unstable features of Blum's medial axis. Moreover, our algorithm preserves the topological structure of the original medial axis and ensures that the simplified medial axis has the same homotopy type as Blum's medial axis. We use the separation angle formed by connecting a point on the medial axis to closest points on the boundary as a measure of the stability of the medial axis at the point. The medial axis is decomposed into its parts that are the sheets, seams and junctions. We present a stability measure of each part of the medial axis based on separation angles and examine the relation between the stability measures of adjacent parts. Our simplification algorithm uses iterative pruning of the parts based on efficient local tests. We have applied the algorithm to compute a simplified medial axis of complex models with tens of thousands of triangles and complex topologies.
Integration of the atmospheric fluctuations in a dual-field optical interferometer: The short exposure regime

Spatial phase-referencing in dual-field optical interferometry is reconsidered. Our analysis is based on the 2-sample variance of the dierential phase between target and reference star. We show that averaging over time of the atmospheric eects depends on this 2-sample phase variance (Allan variance) rather than on the true variance. The proper expression for fringe smearing beyond the isoplanatic angle is derived. With simulations of atmospheric eects, based on a Paranal turbulence model, we show how the performances of a dual-field optical interferometer can be evaluated in a diagram "separation angle" versus "magnitude of faint object". In this diagram, a domain with short exposure is found to be most useful for interferometry, with about the same magnitude limits in the H and K bands. With star counts from a Galaxy model, we evaluate the sky coverage for dierential astrometry and detection of exoplanets, i.e. the likelihood of faint reference stars in the vicinity of a bright target. With the 2mass survey, we evaluate sky coverage for phase-referencing, i.e. avaibility of a bright enough star for main delay tracking in the vicinity of any target direction.
Physicochemical optimisation of plasmid delivery by cationic lipids

Non‐viral gene therapy is based on the use of plasmid expression vectors and chemical or physical plasmid DNA delivery systems. This review discusses the roles of cationic lipids as vectors for gene transfection, reviews different strategies employed to improve cationic lipids for in vivo use, and provides original results on the physicochemistry of lipoplexes. Cationic lipid/DNA delivery vehicles have evolved considerably since their initial gene transfection experiments. Much work has been carried out to investigate their structure/activity relationships, methods of formulation and physicochemical properties. Further work has also focused on enhancing and prolonging their stability in a physiological environment as well as increasing their site‐specific and tissue‐specific interactions. Original data presented in this report confirm that cationic lipids associated to DNA form supramolecular lamellar structures, which protect DNA from serum DNAse degradation. The effect of formulation (and hence the size of the particles) on lipoplex in vivo circulation half‐life and biodistribution is also discussed. A list of abbreviations can be found at the end of the review. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disease Comorbidity Linkages between MEDLINE and Patient Data

This paper presents an analysis of a class of inferred links between MEDLINE and patient data. Records in the two datasets are linked via pairs of disease associations with a view to emphasizing disease comorbidities. In MEDLINE disease pairs are extracted by mining specific patterns such as MeSH disease term 1/etiology and MeSH disease term 2/complications. 701,780 pairs are extracted by our pattern set from a 2017 download of MEDLINE with close to 27 million records. The patient data, obtained from another study, has 6,088,553 disease cooccurrence pairs. Our methodology to infer connections involves mapping ICD9 codes and MeSH terms to UMLS concept ids followed by both exact and approximate matching strategies. The approximate matching strategy involves semantic relations present in the UMLS. We are able to connect 2,478,366 patient disease pairs encoded using 5 digit ICD9 codes to MEDLINE pairs (and therefore to the corresponding documents) and 536,685 MEDLINE disease pairs onto the patient disease pairs (and therefore implicitly to the corresponding patient records). While these numbers are large the percentages are between 43% and 77%. This indicates that other approaches for linking the two datasets would be of interest. Moreover, comorbidity is a particular viewpoint among many options. We suggest that the study of inferred links between biomedical datasets - especially between core datasets - is of great value in terms of enriching the biomedical web of knowledge.
Building and using social structures: A case study using the agent ART testbed

This article investigates the conjecture that agents who make decisions in scenarios where trust is important can benefit from the use of a social structure, representing the social relationships that exist between agents. We propose techniques that can be used by agents to initially build and then progressively update such a structure in the light of experience. We describe an implementation of our techniques in the domain of the Agent ART testbed: we take two existing agents for this domain (“Simplet” and “Connected”) and compare their performance with versions that use our social structure (“SocialSimplet” and “SocialConnected”). We show that SocialSimplet and SocialConnected outperform their counterparts with respect to the quality of the interactions, the number of rounds won in a competition, and the total utility gained.