Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements and models of electric fields in the in vivo human brain during transcranial electric stimulation

Transcranial electric stimulation aims to stimulate the brain by applying weak electrical currents at the scalp. However, the magnitude and spatial distribution of electric fields in the human brain are unknown. We measured electric potentials intracranially in ten epilepsy patients and estimated electric fields across the entire brain by leveraging calibrated current-flow models. When stimulating at 2 mA, cortical electric fields reach 0.8 V/m, the lower limit of effectiveness in animal studies. When individual whole-head anatomy is considered, the predicted electric field magnitudes correlate with the recorded values in cortical (r = 0.86) and depth (r = 0.88) electrodes. Accurate models require adjustment of tissue conductivity values reported in the literature, but accuracy is not improved when incorporating white matter anisotropy or different skull compartments. This is the first study to validate and calibrate current-flow models with in vivo intracranial recordings in humans, providing a solid foundation to target stimulation and interpret clinical trials. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.7554/eLife.18834. 001
Improving Scalability in a Scientific Discovery System by Exploiting Parallelism

The large amount of data collected today is quickly overwhelming researchers' abilities to interpret the data and discover interesting patterns. Knowledge discovery and data mining approaches hold the potential to automate the interpretation process, but these approaches frequently utilize computationally expensive algorithms. This research outlines a general approach for scaling KDD systems using parallel and distributed resources and applies the suggested strategies to the SUBDUE knowledge discovery system. SUBDUE has been used to discover interesting and repetitive concepts in graph-based databases from a variety of domains, but requires a substantial amount of processing time. Experiments that demonstrate scalability of parallel versions of the SUBDUE system are performed using CAD circuit databases and artificially-generated databases, and potential achievements and obstacles are discussed.
Filament Fracture and Postimpact Strength of Boron-Aluminum Composites

A preceding study of the fracture behavior of shock-loaded boron-aluminum composites indicated that these materials can have a spall resistance substantially greater than that of unreinforced alu minum. In the present investigation, filament fracture and postimpact tensile strength of a similar composite system were studied. Filament damage was produced by the thin-flyer, plate-impact technique using momentum traps to suppress spall. The specimens contained approxi mately 50 volume percent boron filaments in a plasma-sprayed 6061- aluminum matrix. Filaments were in two mutually perpendicular di rections and the specimens were impacted normal to the plane of reinforcement. Filament fracture was shown to be an important impact damage mechanism in brittle-filament reinforced composites. Filaments were fractured during the initial passage of the loading wave by interactions between adjacent or contacting filaments and by focusing of stresses in isolated fibers. The tensile strength of specimens was reduced by two-thirds after severe impact. However, the impact velocity necessary to produce a substantial decrease of postimpact tensile strength was much higher than that required to produce spall in unreinforced 6061 aluminum. The impact velocity required to cause degradation in postimpact strength was independent of the tape-layup fabrication process, i.e., brazed versus diffusion bonded.
The Dimensional Properties of Knitted Wool Fabrics

Dimensionally stable, machine-washalle, all-wool interlock and Swiss double-piqué fabrics may be guaranteed if the yarns have been adequately treated against felting and the fabrics fully-relaxed. The practical fully-relaxed state of the Swiss double-piqué structure is attained when the fabrics have been thoroughly wetted, hydroextracted, and tumble-dried for at least 1 hr at 70°C. From this fabric state, dimensional changes in machine-washing and tumble-drying for high shrink-resist-treated yarns over a period of 10 cycles lie within the allowable limits of ±8% area and ±5% linear shrinkage limits. This relaxation process is, however, insufficient to contain relaxation shrinkage of the interlock structure. In washing from this state, linear shrinkages greater than ±5% are often found. Because in machine-washing the majority of residual relaxation occurs in the initial wash, at least two tumble-drying relaxation processes may be required to practi cally inhibit relaxation shrinkage of the interlock structure. But an effect of yarn twist on the geometry of the inter lock structure is listed. Fabric dimensions in a relaxed state are dependent upon yarn, fabric, and machine variables. Dimensions in the fully- relaxed state are, however, for both structures, essentially independent of these variables and predictable by constants whose values are different for each structure. The dimensional behavior of the interlock structure in washing is anisotropic,3 i.e., a length shrinkage is usually asso ciated with a width expansion, whereas the Swiss double-piqué structure behaves isotropically, 3 i.e., length and width shrinkages are usually found. It is proposed that the difference in dimensional behavior between these structures is due to the dissimilar nonrelaxed geometrical shapes of the individual structural units forming these two double-knit structures.
A Combined Linear / Integer Programming Heuristic to Control a Network of semi-Markov Decision Processes

For even moderately sized networks and a small number of actions finding an optimal policy, i.e., determining which actions to apply to which nodes of the network given the states of the nodes, may be computationally infeasible. Heuristics have been developed that are applicable to the case of multiple homogeneous actions such that each action affects exactly one entity. For many applications, e.g., remote sensing with localization and identification sensors, multiple disparate actions may be available, an action may affect multiple entities, and actions may require different amounts of time to complete. The present work develops a two-step heuristic to generate action plans under these more general circumstances. Linear programming applied either to the individual nodes of the network or to all nodes collectively but with an average aggregate utilization constraint is used to obtain optimal policies and reduced cost coefficients for each node. Integer programming, using the reduced cost coefficients, is then used at each time-step to assign resources to projects. These methodologies are applied to a simulated remote sensing problem, and the performance of the current methods is compared with an optimal solution where its computation is feasible and with a greedy solution. Results show minimal degradation in comparison with an optimal policy and substantial improvement over the greedy approach. Computation time studies show that the method is practical for large scale real time applications.
Mycobacterium lepraemurium uses TLR-6 and MR, but not lipid rafts or DC-sign, to gain access into mouse macrophages

Objective/Background: Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM), the etiologic agent of murine leprosy, is an intracellular parasite of macrophages; the mechanism used by this bacterium to enter macrophages is not known. The fate of the MLM phagosome inside macrophages is also unknown. This study was conducted to investigate how MLM enters macrophages and to define the maturation process of MLM phagosome inside macrophages. Materials and Methods: Peritoneal macrophages were incubated in the presence of mannan–bovine serum albumin (BSA), and antibodies to known macrophage receptors, including, anti-FcγRIII/RII (anti-CD16/32), anti-CD35 (anti-CR1), anti-TLR2, anti-TLR4, anti-TLR6, anti-CD14, and anti-dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN). Then, macrophages were challenged with Iris Fuchsia-stained MLM, at a multiplicity of infection of 50:1. The blocking effect of the antibodies (and mannan–BSA) used was analyzed using direct microscopy and flow cytometry. The maturation process of MLM phagosomes was visualized by their interaction with antibodies to Rab5, Rab7, proton ATPase, and cathepsin D, by confocal microscopy. Results: Only mannan–BSA and anti-TLR6 antibody significantly blocked the entry of MLM into macrophages. None of the other antibodies, including that for DC-SIGN, meaningfully inhibited the endocytic process. We also found that MLM is a fusiogenic mycobacterium. This was deduced from the orderly association of MLM phagosomes with Rab5, Rab7, Proton ATPase, and lysosomes (cathepsin D). Conclusion: Fusion of MLM phagosomes with lysosomes seems to be a necessary event for the intracellular multiplication of MLM; similar to Mycobacterium leprae, this microorganism hardly grows on artificial, synthetic, bacteriologic media.
Deficiency of Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Beta Induces Brain Iron Accumulation through Upregulation of Divalent Metal Transporter 1

Mutations in PLA2G6 have been proposed to be the cause of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 2. The present study aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying brain iron accumulation during the deficiency of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β), which is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Perl’s staining with diaminobenzidine enhancement was used to visualize brain iron accumulation. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of molecules involved in iron homeostasis, including divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and iron regulatory proteins (IRP1 and 2), in the brains of iPLA2β-knockout (KO) mice as well as in PLA2G6-knockdown (KD) SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Furthermore, mitochondrial functions such as ATP production were examined. We have discovered for the first time that marked iron deposition was observed in the brains of iPLA2β-KO mice since the early clinical stages. DMT1 and IRP2 were markedly upregulated in all examined brain regions of aged iPLA2β-KO mice compared to age-matched wild-type control mice. Moreover, peroxidized lipids were increased in the brains of iPLA2β-KO mice. DMT1 and IRPs were significantly upregulated in PLA2G6-KD cells compared with cells treated with negative control siRNA. Degeneration of the mitochondrial inner membrane and decrease of ATP production were observed in PLA2G6-KD cells. These results suggest that the genetic ablation of iPLA2β increased iron uptake in the brain through the activation of IRP2 and upregulation of DMT1, which may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
G-band rectangular waveguide filter fabricated using deep reactive ion etching and bonding processes

A G-band microelectromechanical system (MEMS) rectangular waveguide iris filter is designed and fabricated. The effects of the metallised layer and iris thickness, and roughness, on filter main performances are investigated. The prototypes were fabricated using MEMS manufacturing techniques. The key technique problems including deep etching, electroplating and bonding are researched and settled. The measured insertion loss can get to be 1.5–2.0 dB, the central frequency is 174 GHz, the bandwidth is 9.6 GHz, and the isolation out of the bandpass is larger than 15 dB. The test results show that the radio frequency MEMS filter meets practical requirements, which proves that it is a successful example for fabricating such rectangular waveguide devices at one to several hundred gigahertz frequencies using such presented processes.
Trembling Hand Equilibria of Plurality Voting

Trembling hand (TH) equilibria were introduced by Selten in 1975. Intuitively, these are Nash equilibria that remain stable when players assume that there is a small probability that other players will choose off-equilibrium strategies. This concept is useful for equilibrium refinement, i.e., selecting the most plausible Nash equilibria when the set of all Nash equilibria can be very large, as is the case, for instance, for Plurality voting with strategic voters. In this paper, we analyze TH equilibria of Plurality voting. We provide an efficient algorithm for computing a TH best response and establish many useful properties of TH equilibria in Plurality voting games. On the negative side, we provide an example of a Plurality voting game with no TH equilibria, and show that it is NP-hard to check whether a given Plurality voting game admits a TH equilibrium where a specific candidate is among the election winners.
Study of Fatigue Tests on the Structural Details of Welding Joints of Integral Bridge Deck and Main Girder Gusset Plates

Under the action of both dead and live loads, the welding joints of the integral bridge deck and the main truss gusset plates of a steel truss bridge in the transverse and longitudinal directions are all subjected to tensile force, the fatigue performance of which greatly influence the safety and durability of the bridge during operation. Fatigue tests were carried out on a full-scale model designed and made in accordance with the structural details of the welding joints of the integral bridge deck and the main truss gusset plates of Dashengguan Changjiang River Bridge. On the basis of the results of the fatigue tests, the stress distribution of the welding joints was analyzed, the fatigue life of the welding joints under load cycles with constant amplitude was discussed and the fatigue performance of the welding joints under the condition of two-way tensile forces was studied. It is concluded that under the effect of fatigue loading with given amplitude, the fatigue life of the welding joints is more than 200 million numbers of load cycles, the structural details of welding joints have ample fatigue resistant ability under the condition of two-way tensile forces, and the maximum main stress value of the fatigue tests is lower than the allowable fatigue stress value given in various codes and relevant references and the fatigue strength meets requirement.
A study of warm rain detection using A‐Train satellite data

Warm rain occurs in low‐level liquid water clouds and does not involve an ice‐phase process. Comprising many state‐of‐the‐art passive and active instruments, the NASA A‐Train series of satellites provide comprehensive simultaneous information about warm clouds and their precipitation processes. This study exploits multi‐sensor data from the A‐Train satellite constellation to investigate the rain contribution from warm clouds and the potential of using cloud microphysical parameters for warm rain detection. It is shown that warm rain accounts for a significant portion of total precipitation over the global ocean. Cloud microphysical parameters (e.g., liquid water path) show potential for detecting warm rain events and estimating the rain rates. Key parameters for estimating warm rain using cloud microphysical parameters are also examined.
Surface damage of metallic implants due to mechanical loading and chemical reactions

The present study investigates interfacial damage mechanism of modular implants due to synergetic action of mechanical contact loading and corrosion. Modular implants are manufactured such that surfaces have a characteristic degree of roughness determined by tool tip size and motion of tool path or feeding speed. The central hypothesis for this work is that during contact loading of metallic implants, mechanisms of damage and dissolution are determined by contact loads, plastic deformation, residual stresses and environmental conditions at the nanoscale surface asperities; while during subsequent rest periods, mechanism of metallic dissolution is determined by the environmental conditions and residual stress field induced due to long range elastic interactions of the plastically deformed asperities. First part of the thesis is focused on investigating the mechanisms underlying surface roughness evolution due to stress-assisted dissolution during the rest period. The latter part is focused on investigating material removal mechanisms during single asperity contact of implant surfaces. Experimental study was performed to elucidate the roughness evolution mechanism by combined effect of multi-asperity contact and environmental corrosion. Cobaltchromium-molybdenum specimen was subjected to either contact loading alone or alternating contact loading and exposure to reactive environment. Roughness of the specimen surface was monitored by optical profilometry and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculation was used to characterize the evolving behavior of roughness modes. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to identify influences of surface morphological configurations and contact pressures on the residual stress development. Analytical model of
Supporting the Adaptation of Texts for Poor Literacy Readers: a Text Simplification Editor for Brazilian Portuguese

In this paper we investigate the task of text simplification for Brazilian Portuguese. Our purpose is three-fold: to introduce a simplification tool for such language and its underlying development methodology, to present an on-line authoring system of simplified text based on the previous tool, and finally to discuss the potentialities of such technology for education. The resources and tools we present are new for Portuguese and innovative in many aspects with respect to previous initiatives for other languages.
Real time advertisement insertion in baseball video based on advertisement effect

In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect baseball video scene for commercial advertisement insertion. The method uses the criteria based on better advertisement effect to generate a set of rules. From these rules, proper timing (starting time and ending time) and location are identified to insert the advertisement in the broadcast baseball video automatically. The proper timing is detected based on the consistent existence of simple background objects in the video for a period of time. The proper location is identified by less-informative-region detection in the video. The rules make sure that the critical information of the video is not blocked by the advertisement and the advertisement is always stable, clear and viewable on the stationary background of the video. The experimental results are encouraging.
Fault classification improvement in industrial condition monitoring via Hidden Markov Models and Naïve Bayesian modeling

Polyphase induction motors are the most commonly available industrial machines utilized in a wide range of real-world applications. Any impending fault within these motors is generally very difficult to isolate by conventional fault sensors or experts. The fact is generally attributed to the non-linear behavior of the motor's terminal characteristics. Extracting anomalous behavior from such data is a challenging task and predominantly relies on the historical machine data pattern. Based on the abovementioned context, this paper presents a novel time-series condition monitoring data assessment methodology to identify developing faults in induction motors. The technique employs Hidden Markov Models to identify anomalous machine behavior. The identification thus obtained is further improved via a Naïve Bayes classifier to further eliminate false positives from healthy and fault-containing data. The overall Bayes classification outcome showed a marked increase in detection accuracy at 84.55% with a substantial reduction in false positives.
Applying GPGPU to recurrent neural network language model based fast network search in the real-time LVCSR

Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNNLMs) have started to be used in various fields of speech recognition due to their outstanding performance. However, the high computational complexity of RNNLMs has been a hurdle in applying the RNNLM to a real-time Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR). In order to accelerate the speed of RNNLM-based network searches during decoding, we apply the General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs). This paper proposes a novel method of applying GPGPUs to RNNLM-based graph traversals. We have achieved our goal by reducing redundant computations on CPUs and amount of transfer between GPGPUs and CPUs. The proposed approach was evaluated on both WSJ corpus and in-house data. Experiments shows that the proposed approach achieves the real-time speed in various circumstances while maintaining the Word Error Rate (WER) to be relatively 10% lower than that of n-gram models.
Learning to Grasp with a Deep Network for 2 D Context and Geometric Prototypes for 3 D Structure

This paper discusses a hybrid approach to planning a grasp from a single view in an open-ended environment. We encode qualitative contextual grasping cues in a deep neural network, and structured gripper pose/preshape constraints in a part-based geometric model. We establish a grasp plan by combining the two models together. A key element of our approach is that instead of using the CNN to solve the complete grasping problem, we only use the CNN to compute a scalar pixel-wise grasp probability prior, which we then combine to a geometric-reasoning likelihood to establish an SE(3) wrist position/orientation grasp plan. Our preliminary results indicate the feasibility of capturing scene-wide scalar graspability within a CNN.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic bacteria isolated from the sugarcane cultivated on acrisols of Tay Ninh province , Vietnam

Endophytic bacterial diversity in sugarcane plant cultivated on Acrisols of the Tay Ninh province of South Eastern Vietnam was studied. Sugarcane samples were collected from seven sites (districts) of this province. Endophytic bacteria were isolated on LGI medium together with 16S rRNA gene fragments amplified from DNA using eubacterial universal primers (p515FPL and p13B). A total of 139 isolates were isolated from 51 sugarcane samples and all of them have ability of nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilization as well as IAA biosynthesis but there were 28 isolates having the best characteristics and they were identified as sugarcane endophytes. The sequences from selected endophytic bacteria (28 isolates) showed high degrees of similarity to those of the GenBank references strains (between 97% and 100%). Among the selected isolates 13 isolates belonged to Bacilli (46.42%) whereas 15 isolates belonged to Proteobacteria (53.57%) including 6 strains distributed in beta-proteobacteria (21.42%), and 9 strains in gamma-proteobacteria (32.14%). Based on Pi value (nucleotide diversity), Proteobacteria group had the highest Theta values and Theta values (per sequence) from S of SNP for DNA polymorphism were calculated for each group and Proteobacteria group had the highest values in comparison with two groups. From these results showed that many strains as Enterobacter ludwigii TR2, Bacillus amyloliquefasciens CR4e, Bacillus subtilis MT2b, Enterobacter oryzae CT4b, Bacillus subtilis ET1b, Burkholderia tropica CR2d, Bacillus amyloliquefasciens ER4a, Bacillus amyloliquefasciens AT2a, Bacillus subtilis ET5b, and Bacillus amyloliquefasciens BT1 proposed as potential microbial inoculants to continue for researching in the pot experiments and field experiments before producing biofertilizers for sustainable sugarcane production in poor Acrisols in Vietnam because of their benefit and biosafety.