Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improved color acquisition and mapping on 3D models via flash-based photography

Flash light of digital cameras is a very useful way to picture scenes with low-quality illumination. Nevertheless, especially in low-end cameras integrated flash lights are considered as not reliable for high-quality images, due to known artifacts (sharp shadows, highlights, uneven lighting) generated in images. Moreover, a mathematical model of this kind of light is difficult to create. In this article we present a color correction space which, given some information about the geometry of the pictured scene, is able to provide a space-dependent color correction for each pixel of the image. The correction space can be calculated once in a lifetime using a quite fast acquisition procedure; after 3D spatial calibration, the obtained color correction function can be applied to every image where flash is the dominant light source. We developed this approach to produce better color samples in the application framework of color mapping on 3D scanned models. The correction space proposed presents several advantages: it is independent from the kind of light used (provided that it is bound to the camera), it gives the possibility to correct some artifacts (for example, color deviation) introduced by flash light, and it has a wide range of possible applications, from image enhancement to material color estimation. Moreover, once that the inverse photo-to-geometry transformation is known, it allows the easy estimation of the flash light position and permits to identify and remove other annoying artifacts, like highlights and shadows. The resulting approach allows to gather in an easy manner a better and more consistent color information and to produce higher-quality 3D models.
The Noscapine Chronicle: A Pharmaco‐Historic Biography of the Opiate Alkaloid Family and its Clinical Applications

Given its manifold potential therapeutic applications and amenability to modification, noscapine is a veritable “Renaissance drug” worthy of commemoration. Perhaps the only facet of noscapine's profile more astounding than its versatility is its virtual lack of side effects and addictive properties, which distinguishes it from other denizens of Papaver somniferum. This review intimately chronicles the rich intellectual and pharmacological history behind the noscapine family of compounds, the length of whose arms was revealed over decades of patient scholarship and experimentation. We discuss the intriguing story of this family of nontoxic alkaloids, from noscapine's purification from opium at the turn of the 19th century in Paris to the recent torrent of rationally designed analogs with tremendous anticancer potential. In between, noscapine's unique pharmacology; impact on cellular signaling pathways, the mitotic spindle, and centrosome clustering; use as an antimalarial drug and cough suppressant; and exceptional potential as a treatment for polycystic ovarian syndrome, strokes, and diverse malignancies are catalogued. Seminal experiments involving some of its more promising analogs, such as amino‐noscapine, 9‐nitronoscapine, 9‐bromonoscapine, and reduced bromonoscapine, are also detailed. Finally, the bright future of these oftentimes even more exceptional derivatives is described, rounding out a portrait of a truly remarkable family of compounds.
EXPERIMENTAL MOOD INDUCTIONS IN PERSONS AT HIGH AND LOW RISK FOR ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

High-risk and low-risk participants (defined on the basisof presence or absence of family history of alcohol problems) were comparedon reactions to positive and negative mood inductions and a nonalcoholic beertaste test that followed. After the negative induction, high-risk participantsexperienced negative affect more intensely than low-risk participants. Inthe taste test, high-risk participants drank more nonalcoholic beer than low-riskparticipants. The results imply that high-risk participants, compared withlow-risk participants, (a) are more reactiveto negative emotion-arousing stimuli and (b)are more strongly motivated to drink alcohol in negative emotion-arousingsituations.
Collaborative Learning between Visual Content and Hidden Semantic for Image Retrieval

Similarity measure is a critical component in image retrieval systems, and learning similarity measure from the relevance feedback has become a promising way to enhance retrieval performance. Existing approaches mainly focus on learning the visual similarity measure from online feedbacks or constructing the semantic similarity measure depended on historical feedbacks log. However, there is still a big room to elevate the retrieval performance, because few works take the relationship between the visual similarity and the semantic similarity into account. This paper proposes the collaborative learning similarity measure, CoSim, which focuses on the collaborative learning between the visual content of images and the hidden semantic in log. Concretely, the semantic similarity is first learned from log data and serves as prior knowledge. Then, the visual similarity is learned from a mixture of labeled and unlabeled images. In particular, unlabeled images are exploited for the relevant and irrelevant classes in different ways. Finally, the collaborative learning similarity is produced by integrating the visual similarity and the semantic similarity in a nonlinear way. An empirical study shows that the proposed CoSim is significantly more effective than some existing approaches.
Fabrication of a quasi-phase-matching stack of 53 GaAs plates for high-power mid-infrared wavelength conversion by use of room-temperature bonding

Using the room-temperature-bonding technique, we have succeeded in fabricating a quasi-phase-matching (QPM) stack of 53 GaAs plates with each thickness of 106 μm and aperture of 5.5 × 5.0 mm for second-harmonic generation of a CO2 laser at 10.6 μm. An improved process was applied which realized fine alignment of the GaAs plates on the translation stage. The fabricated 5.6 mm long, 53 plate-stacked GaAs-QPM device generated 20 times higher secondharmonic power than the previously fabricated 0.95 mm long QPM stack of nine GaAs plates.
Affected parent and age of onset in Huntington's chorea.

In a recent report, Merritt et al. (1969) searched the literature and their own material for cases of Huntington's chorea with onset before the age of 21. They found that when the disease began in childhood or adolescence the history was generally on the father's side. In 89 out of 113 cases in which descent could be determined, the father or his relatives were affected. The sex ratio among the affected young people was essentially 1:1. In discussing their results Merritt et al. suggest, referring to Bell (1934), that female choreics have fewer children than male choreics; hence, in a representative sample of choreics, including juvenile cases, we should find that paternal predominates over maternal descent. However, in Bell's work roughly the same percentages of male and female choreics failed to marry, and among those who did marry males and females had approximately the same average number of children. More recent work (Reed and Neel, 1959) finds that fertility is sharply reduced in male but not in female choreics. Reed and Neel report that the average male choreic has 1 8 and the average female choreic 2-8 children, the principal source of the difference being a larger proportion of male choreics who do not marry. It appears, therefore, that in the adult form of the disease, which accounts for all but 1 or 2% of the cases (Myrianthopoulos, 1966), females have more children and maternal descent predominates. Hence, the predominance of paternal descent in the juvenile cases is an exception to the rule in Huntington's chorea. As an alternative explanation, Merritt et al. (1969) suggest that 'affected male parents may induce a shift to a younger age of onset in their offspring', i.e. paternal cases in general have an earlier onset than maternal cases. The purpose of this study is to examine this alternative explanation for the predominance of paternal descent in the juvenile form of Huntington's chorea.
Feasibility of High-Resolution PET Detector Readout by 2-D Tetra-Lateral Position-Sensitive Silicon Photomultiplier

In this paper, we present the feasibility of high-resolution PET detector readout by a 2-D tetra-lateral position-sensitive Silicon photomultiplier with an intrinsic cap resistive layer for charge division (CRL-SiPM). The scintillation imaging sensor for 511 keV gamma ray detection is realized by coupling a 5 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 5 array of 0.45 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 0.45 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 6 mm<sup>3</sup> LYSO crystals to the CRL-SiPM with an active area of 2.77 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 2.77 mm<sup>2</sup> and micro APD cell pitch of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ \sim 10~ \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The scintillator arrays are clearly distinguished and good scintillator array imaging with little position distortion has been achieved. An energy resolution of ~13.5% and coincidence time resolution of 555 ps are demonstrated, respectively. Therefore, the potential PET imaging sensor with greatly reduced readout channels has been verified.
Coupling of 3D Bio-printing With Organ-on-a-chip Technology Creates New Possibility For Biomimicry

Received: Feb 09, 2018 Accepted: Feb 09, 2018 Published: Feb 13, 2018 3D bio-printing offers orderly arrangements of cells and extracellular matrix analogs, as well as those of other biomaterials, in a three-dimensional space with additive manufacturing (AM) methodology [1]. The printed biological structure mimics the real one of organs, and is assumed to have similar functions of the real organ. 3D bio-printing is now widely used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and drug screening applications. Some bio-printed artificial organs even function better than the real ones. For example, Manu and colleagues generated a bionic ear exhibiting enhanced auditory sensing for radio frequency reception [2]. 3D bio-printing industry is also growing up rapidly. Successful companies include 3 Dynamic System(UK), Biobots(USA), Seraph Robotics (USA), Regenovo(China), Zhongke Xinray(China), Regemat 3D(Spain), Organovo(USA), Advanced Solutions(USA), Envision Tec(Germany), Bio 3D Technologies(Singapore), and RegenHu(Switzerland).
Comparative Analysis of the Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Five Quercus Species

Quercus is considered economically and ecologically one of the most important genera in the Northern Hemisphere. Oaks are taxonomically perplexing because of shared interspecific morphological traits and intraspecific morphological variation, which are mainly attributed to hybridization. Universal plastid markers cannot provide a sufficient number of variable sites to explore the phylogeny of this genus, and chloroplast genome-scale data have proven to be useful in resolving intractable phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the complete chloroplast genomes of four Quercus species were sequenced, and one published chloroplast genome of Quercus baronii was retrieved for comparative analyses. The five chloroplast genomes ranged from 161,072 bp (Q. baronii) to 161,237 bp (Q. dolicholepis) in length, and their gene organization and order, and GC content, were similar to those of other Fagaceae species. We analyzed nucleotide substitutions, indels, and repeats in the chloroplast genomes, and found 19 relatively highly variable regions that will potentially provide plastid markers for further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within Quercus. We observed that four genes (ndhA, ndhK, petA, and ycf1) were subject to positive selection. The phylogenetic relationships of the Quercus species inferred from the chloroplast genomes obtained moderate-to-high support, indicating that chloroplast genome data may be useful in resolving relationships in this genus.
LocED: Location-aware Energy Disaggregation Framework

Providing detailed appliance level energy consumption information may lead consumers to understand their usage behavior and encourage them to optimize the energy usage. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) or energy disaggregation aims to estimate appliance level energy consumption from the aggregate consumption data of households. NILM algorithms, proposed hitherto, are either centralized or do require high performance systems to derive appliance level data, owing to the computational complexity associated. This approach raises several issues related to scalability and privacy of consumer's data. In this paper, we present the Location-aware Energy Disaggregation Framework (LocED) that utilizes occupancy of users to derive accurate appliance level usage information. LocED framework limits the appliances considered for disaggregation based on the current location of occupants. Thus, LocED can provide real-time feedback on appliance level energy consumption and run on an embedded system locally at the household. We propose several accuracy metrics to study the performance of LocED. To test the robustness of LocED, we empirically evaluated it across multiple publicly available datasets. LocED has significantly high energy disaggregation accuracy while exponentially reducing the computational complexity. We also release our comprehensive dataset DRED (Dutch Residential Energy Dataset) for public use, which measures electricity, occupancy and ambient parameters of the household.
Adaptation of a plant pathogen to partial host resistance: selection for greater aggressiveness in grapevine downy mildew

An understanding of the evolution of pathogen quantitative traits in response to host selective pressures is essential for the development of durable management strategies for resistant crops. However, we still lack experimental data on the effects of partial host resistance on multiple phenotypic traits (aggressiveness) and evolutionary strategies in pathogens. We performed a cross‐inoculation experiment with four grapevine hosts and 103 isolates of grapevine downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) sampled from susceptible and partially resistant grapevine varieties. We analysed the neutral and adaptive genetic differentiation of five quantitative traits relating to pathogen transmission. Isolates from resistant hosts were more aggressive than isolates from susceptible hosts, as they had a shorter latency period and higher levels of spore production. This pattern of adaptation contrasted with the lack of neutral genetic differentiation, providing evidence for directional selection. No specificity for a particular host variety was detected. Adapted isolates had traits that were advantageous on all resistant varieties. There was no fitness cost associated with this genetic adaptation, but several trade‐offs between pathogen traits were observed. These results should improve the accuracy of prediction of fitness trajectories for this biotrophic pathogen, an essential element for the modelling of durable deployment strategies for resistant varieties.
Rapid salivary pepsin test: Blinded assessment of test performance in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pepsin lateral flow device (LFD) is a rapid noninvasive test to detect salivary pepsin as a surrogate marker for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We aimed to establish the test sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) in patients with symptomatic and objective evidence of GERD compared to healthy controls.
Biting through constraints: cranial morphology, disparity and convergence across living and fossil carnivorous mammals

Carnivory has evolved independently several times in eutherian (including placental) and metatherian (including marsupial) mammals. We used geometric morphometrics to assess convergences associated with the evolution of carnivory across a broad suite of mammals, including the eutherian clades Carnivora and Creodonta and the metatherian clades Thylacoleonidae, Dasyuromorphia, Didelphidae and Borhyaenoidea. We further quantified cranial disparity across eutherians and metatherians to test the hypothesis that the marsupial mode of reproduction has constrained their morphological evolution. This study, to our knowledge the first to extensively sample pre-Pleistocene taxa, analysed 30 three-dimensional landmarks, focused mainly on the facial region, which were digitized on 130 specimens, including 36 fossil taxa. Data were analysed with principal components (PC) analysis, and three measures of disparity were compared between eutherians and metatherians. PC1 showed a shift from short to long faces and seemed to represent diet and ecology. PC2 was dominated by the unique features of sabre-toothed forms: dramatic expansion of the maxilla at the expense of the frontal bones. PC3, in combination with PC1, distinguished metatherians and eutherians. Metatherians, despite common comparisons with felids, were more similar to caniforms, which was unexpected for taxa such as the sabre-toothed marsupial Thylacosmilus. Contrary to previous studies, metatherian carnivores consistently exhibited disparity which exceeded that of the much more speciose eutherian carnivore radiations, refuting the hypothesis that developmental constraints have limited the morphological evolution of the marsupial cranium.
Identification of fibrillatory sources by measuring causal relationships

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex arrhythmia whose mechanisms of onset, maintenance and termination are not yet understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that the isolation of specific regions of the atria can terminate the arrhythmia. These results suggest a hierarchical organization where certain parts of the atria are determining the electrical activity of the whole tissue, acting as electrical sources. In this work, we present and validate a methodology able to identify atrial sources during AF by using causal relationships. The performance of the presented technique has been illustrated by using mathematical models and real signals obtained with optical mapping under different fibrillatory scenarios.
Application of the least squares algorithm to the observer design for linear time-varying systems

In this paper, it is shown that the least squares algorithm with covariance reset, which is originally developed for the purpose of constant parameter identification, can be effectively applied to the observer design for a general linear time-varying system. The new observer successfully avoids many of the disadvantages of other time-varying observers, such as slow convergence rate, heavy computation load, high amplification of measurement noise, and the inapplicability to systems with time-varying observability indexes or discontinuous parameter variations.
Evidence of high incidence of EGFRvIII expression and coexpression with EGFR in human invasive breast cancer by laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemical analysis

EGFRvIII was first reported in human glioblastomas. Subsequent reports indicated EGFRvIII protein to be frequently detected in several other human cancers, but not in normal tissues. Our previous studies suggested that EGFRvIII could induce a transformation from ligand‐dependent non‐tumorigenic cell line to ligand‐independent malignant phenotype cells in vitro and in vivo. Transfection of EGFRvIII in MCF‐7 cell line resulted in a 3‐fold increase in colony formation and significantly enhanced tumorigenicity in nude mice (p < 0.001). EGFRvIII could also induce ErbB‐2 phosphorylation. The existence and significance of EGFRvIII transcript in human breast cancer, however, was not reported. In our study, we detected the presence of EGFRvIII mRNA and revealed a high incidence (67.8%) of EGFRvIII transcript in human primary invasive breast cancer by utilizing laser capture microdissection (LCM)/RT‐PCR to capture pure breast cancer cells. In addition, 57.1% of the infiltrating breast carcinomas expressed both EGFRwt and EGFRvIII mRNA in the same tumor. There is no detectable EGFRvIII mRNA in normal breast tissue. Evaluation of the EGFRwt and EGFRvIII protein levels in the same sample sets by immunohistochemical analysis further confirmed the LCM/RT‐PCR finding. Our study provides first direct evidence of high incidence of coexpression of EGFRvIII and EGFRwt in human invasive breast cancer tissue. The unique characteristics and high prevalence of EGFRvIII in invasive human breast cancer as well as negative expression in normal breast may suggest its important role in breast carcinogenesis and make it an ideally potential target for treatment of breast cancer without interrupting normal EGFR signaling. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quality and Acceptability of Restructured Spent Hen Meat Nuggets Prepared from Spent Hen Meat Emulsion and Ground Spent Hen Meat Batter

Tremendous growth of poultry industry led to more availability of layers for meat at the end of their productive economic life. Meat from such spent birds is generally tough, dry and sinewy (Mediratta et al., 2004). The disposal of these spent hens is, therefore, becoming more and more difficult due to inherent quality differences between broiler and spent hen meat. Development of further processed products from the spent hen meat would be the most profitable way of utilization of this class of poultry with tough meat. Value enhancement of raw materials, portion control, uniform quality and consumer convenience are some of the advantages of restructured meat products. Products that undergone desinewing and particle size reduction such as sectioning, chunking, slicing, blade tenderization, flaking, chopping followed by forming into steaks, roasts or patties are called International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Fine Particulate Nitrate in Typical Urban Areas in China

Nitrate is a very important aerosol component, thus elucidation of its characteristics and formation mechanisms is essential and important for effective reduction of aerosol pollution. In this work, highly time-resolved submicron aerosol (PM1) data measured by Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) in Nanjing, Beijing and Lanzhou during both summer and winter were integrated to investigate the nitrate behaviors in urban China air. Results showed that nitrate occupied 1/8–1/4 of PM1 mass, typically higher than those observed in rural/remote regions. Relative mass fractions of nitrate also varied significantly at different pollution levels. Nitrate mass fractions generally increased with the increase of PM1 loadings during summer, while the contributions during winter increased first and then decreased with the increase of pollution levels. We further propose that there are at least three mechanisms that likely govern the urban nitrate behaviors: Type I—thermodynamics driven, Type II—photochemistry driven, and Type III—planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics driven. Analyses of the ammonium-sulfate-nitrate data revealed that ammonium nitrate was able to form before sulfuric acid was fully neutralized in some urban areas. Our findings provide useful insights into the characterization and reduction of fine particulate nitrate pollution.