Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential expression and function of A20 and TRAF1 in Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma and their induction by CD30 stimulation

A20 and TRAF1 are two anti‐apoptotic components of the intracellular signalling pathway of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family. Induction of apoptosis seems to be a main function of these receptors. It is astonishing that a member of this family, CD30, is overexpressed by highly proliferating tumours such as Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). It is known that CD30 stimulation leads to the apoptosis of ALCL tumour cells but not of Hodgkin–Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells. We have already established the overexpression of TRAF1 in HRS cells. In this study we demonstrate that A20 is highly expressed in the HRS cells in 20/22 of cases of classical HL, in 4/4 cases of nodular lymphocyte‐predominant HL (NLPHL), and in 2/2 cases of the anaplastic variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In contrast, all other non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, including ALCL, revealed either no A20 reactivity, or reactivity in less than 1% of all tumour cells. CD30 stimulation induced A20 and TRAF1 expression. This effect was most prominent in HL and ALCL cell lines with low basal expression levels of these molecules. Immunohistological studies of reactive lymphoid blasts in tonsillar tissue demonstrated that co‐expression of CD30, A20, and TRAF1 also occurs in vivo. Cell lines with high basal A20 and TRAF1 expression were resistant to CD30‐mediated apoptosis. The sensitivity to CD30‐induced apoptosis was increased by inhibition of protein synthesis. TRAF1 transfection decreased CD30‐induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that A20 and TRAF1 contribute to apoptosis resistance and, therefore, play an important role in the pathogenesis of classical HL. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Number 2 Physical and biogeochemical uxes and net budgets in the subpolar and temperate North Atlantic by

A transoceanichydrographicsectionacross the North Atlantic Subpolar gyre from Vigo (northwestern Iberian Peninsula) to Cape Farewell (south of Greenland)was sampled in summer 1997 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment program (WOCE A25, 4x cruise). The circulation pattern across the 4x section is diagnosed using inverse methods. The  ow is constrained with measured mass transportsat speci c sites, while conservingmass and salt for the region north of the section and forcing the silicate  ux to a reasonable value. The  uxes of physical (heat and freshwater) and chemical (nutrientsand oxygen) properties are estimated and decomposed into barotropic, baroclinic and horizontal components. The heat transport amounts to 0.65 6 0.1 PW poleward, with 54% and 45% of the  ux due to the baroclinic (or overturning) and horizontal circulation, respectively. From the salt conservation, an equatorward freshwater transport of 20.4 6 1.5 Sv is estimated, resulting from net precipitation plus runoff over the North Atlantic Ocean north of the section. The Subpolar gyre exports nutrients and oxygen southward toward the Subtropical ocean at rates of 250 6 19, 26 6 2, 226 6 15 and 21992 6 440 kmol s 1 for nitrate, phosphate, silicate and oxygen, respectively. The main mechanism responsible for the nutrient transport is the overturning cell, whereas oxygen is mainly transported southward due to the large-scale horizontal circulation. Combining our  uxes with those from the 36N section (Rintoul and Wunsch, 1991) allows us to examine budgets of physical (heat and freshwater) and chemical (nitrogen and oxygen)properties for an enclosed area of the Subpolar and Temperate North Atlantic. The tentative nitrogen budget for the box between the 4x and the 36N sections suggests that the Temperate North Atlantic is exporting 1. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello No. 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain. email: malvarez@iim.csic. es 2. Southampton Oceanography Centre, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United Kingdom. 3. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36200 Vigo, Spain. Journal of Marine Research, 60, 191–226, 2002
Design for testability of a 32-bit microprocessor-the TX1

Testable designs of the TX1, a 32-bit microprocessor based on the TRON architecture, are described. Clear testing strategies were developed, resulting in three testable design approaches implemented in an optimized form. Logic function test is composed of scan test and self test. Their efficiency is highly enhanced by the use of the bus structure or microinstruction set of the TX1. Fault coverage of over 90% is achieved by them with short testing time (several seconds) and small increase of chip area (4.2%). Design verification is done with scan test and macroblock test. The latter can directly test important manually designed hardware blocks independent of the complicated decode and control logic. The area increase is only 0.4%. It can give useful information for their refinement in the early phase of development. <<ETX>>
Does occupational social class predict coronary heart disease after retirement? A 12-year follow-up study in Sweden

Aims: To examine whether socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors remain significant predictors of CHD among people aged ≥65 years. Previous studies in this age group are few and inconsistent. Methods: Follow-up study of a simple random sample of Swedish women and men aged ≥65 years interviewed in a national survey 1988—89 and followed up until 31 December 2000, for CHD incidence rates. Cox regression was used to study the association between socioeconomic status (occupation) and CHD, after adjustment for age, sex, physical activity, smoking, BMI, diabetes, and hypertension. Participants with CHD hospitalization two years before the start of the study and those who rated their general health as poor were excluded. Results: Among manual workers and lower-level employees the risk of CHD was significantly higher than among middle-level employees and professionals (49% and 50%, respectively), after adjustment for age and sex. The association between low socioeconomic status and increased CHD risk disappeared after adjustment for the CHD risk factors, which were more prevalent among those with low socioeconomic status. All the CHD risk factors (with the exception of BMI) were associated with increased CHD incidence rates. Conclusions: Low socioeconomic status remains a significant predictor of CHD among people aged ≥65 years. Healthcare policies among elderly patients should encourage physical activity and smoking cessation in all socioeconomic groups.
Cytogenic mapping and STR polymorphism of two candidate genes (DRD2 and HTR1D) for behaviour traits in four canids

The dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and serotonin receptors 1D (HTR1D) are candidate genes for behavioural traits. In the present study, we show chromosomal location and polymorphism of these genes in four species from the family Canidae: dog (CFA), red fox (VVU), arctic fox (ALA) and the Chinese raccoon dog (NPP). Using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) the DRD2 gene was localized in the following chromosomes: CFA5q12-13, VVU12q21, ALA10q14 and NPP3q14 and the HTR1D gene was mapped to: CFA2q25, VVU2q22, ALA8q25 and NPP10q25. A microsatellite marker (TG)n in intron 3 of the DRD2 gene and (CA)n motif located in a 3’-flanking region of the HTR1D gene were polymorphic in all studied species. The obtained results can be helpful in further studies on effects of polymorphisms of these genes on behaviour traits in canids.
Induction or suppression of a B cell‐specific response to self antigen in vivo is dependent upon dendritic cell activation via the TNF‐α receptor at the time of antigen uptake

In this study we show that the retinal autoantigen, S‐antigen, contains a functional TNF‐α homologous domain which stimulates maturation and differentiation of cultured dendritic cells (DC) or tissue DC via the p55 TNF‐α receptor. Tissue DC became more dendritiform in shape, and migrated into culture supernatant. S‐antigen also stimulated accumulation of cell surface MHC class II antigen with a corresponding loss of acidic intracellular vesicles, and induced IL‐1β and IL‐12 mRNA expression in cultured bone marrow‐derived DC. In addition, cultured splenic DC primed immune responses to S‐antigen in vivo in the absence of other, exogenous cytokine sources. DC pulsed with either retinal S‐antigen or another retinal autoantigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP), were able to stimulate naive T cell proliferation in vitro, but only S‐antigen‐pulsed DC were able to induce an immune response in vivo and initiate antibody class switching. In contrast, IRBP‐pulsed DC had no detectable in vivo priming effect and IgG antibody levels remained suppressed even after immunization with IRBP in complete Freund's adjuvant. These results indicate that DC from the same precursor population can either induce or suppress a B cell‐specific response to self antigen in vivo, the outcome being dependent upon DC activation at the time of antigen uptake and presentation.
Error Calibration of Magnetometer Using Nonlinear Integrated Filter Model With Inertial Sensors

This paper presents an onboard heading estimation algorithm using IMU and strapdown magnetometer without other external heading references. To calibrate the magnetic deviation, sensor errors caused by hard iron effect and initial heading of strapdown magnetometers are considered. In our approach, sensor output distortion due to the soft iron effect is ignored, which is relatively small. First, for the estimation of heading angle, system and measurement model is presented. Then particle filter and extended Kalman filter is introduced for performance comparison. The proposed algorithm for the integration of IMU and magnetometer is verified via numerical simulation using Matlab. Simulation result demonstrates accurate heading estimation error under 1 degree for both algorithms when there exists a small initial heading error and hard iron effect, yet particle filter provides more robust and accurate result than the extended Kalman filter in case the initial heading error and biases are large.
Exploring Instationary Fluid Flows by Interactive Volume Movies

Volume rendering offers the unique ability to represent inner object data and to realize enclosed structures “at first glance”. Unlike software-based methods, the use of more and more available special-purpose hardware allows volume rendering at interactive frame rates-a crucial criterion for acceptance in industrial applications, e.g. CFD analysis. Careful optimizations and the exclusive use of hardware-accelerated data manipulation facilities even enable volume rendered movies supporting real time interactivity. This article presents the most important features and implementation issues of an OpenInventor-based stereoscopic, VR-featured volume rendering system for instationary datasets.
5% lidocaine medicated plaster versus pregabalin in post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic polyneuropathy: an open-label, non-inferiority two-stage RCT study

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of 5% lidocaine medicated plaster with pregabalin in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) or painful diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). Study design and methods: This was a two-stage adaptive, randomized, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority study. Data are reported from the initial 4-week comparative phase, in which adults with PHN or painful DPN received either topical 5% lidocaine medicated plaster applied to the most painful skin area or twice-daily pregabalin capsules titrated to effect according to the Summary of Product Characteristics. The primary endpoint was response rate at 4 weeks, defined as reduction averaged over the last three days from baseline of ≥2 points or an absolute value of ≤4 points on the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-3). Secondary endpoints included 30% and 50% reductions in NRS-3 scores; change in allodynia severity rating; quality of life (QoL) parameters EQ-5D, CGIC, and PGIC; patient satisfaction with treatment; and evaluation of safety (laboratory parameters, vital signs, physical examinations, adverse events [AEs], drug-related AEs [DRAEs], and withdrawal due to AEs). Results: Ninety-six patients with PHN and 204 with painful DPN were analysed (full analysis set, FAS). Overall, 66.4% of patients treated with the 5% lidocaine medicated plaster and 61.5% receiving pregabalin were considered responders (corresponding numbers for the per protocol set, PPS: 65.3% vs. 62.0%). In PHN more patients responded to 5% lidocaine medicated plaster treatment than to pregabalin (PPS: 62.2% vs. 46.5%), while response was comparable for patients with painful DPN (PPS: 66.7% vs 69.1%). 30% and 50% reductions in NRS-3 scores were greater with 5% lidocaine medicated plaster than with pregabalin. Both treatments reduced allodynia severity. 5% lidocaine medicated plaster showed greater improvements in QoL based on EQ-5D in both PHN and DPN. PGIC and CGIC scores indicated greater improvement for 5% lidocaine medicated plaster treated patients with PHN. Improvements were comparable between treatments in painful DPN. Fewer patients administering 5% lidocaine medicated plaster experienced AEs (safety set, SAF: 18.7% vs. 46.4%), DRAEs (5.8% vs. 41.2%) and related discontinuations compared to patients taking pregabalin. Conclusion: 5% lidocaine medicated plaster showed better efficacy compared with pregabalin in patients with PHN. Within DPN, efficacy was comparable for both treatments. 5% lidocaine medicated plaster showed a favourable efficacy/safety profile with greater improvements in patient satisfaction and QoL compared with pregabalin for both indications, supporting its first line position in the treatment of localized neuropathic pain.
A Constraint-based Approach for Checking Vertical Inconsistencies between Class and Sequence UML Diagrams

The modern software development processes enable evolving software systems and refining models across software life cycle. However, these evolution attitudes may lead to some consistency problems among models at different levels of abstraction. Hence, it is required to discover and detect the potential inconsistencies occurring in models when developing a system. This paper focuses on checking the vertical consistency of UML models using an approach based on defining constraints at the meta-level. These constraints are expressed using EVL (Epsilon Validation Language) to ensure the consistency of models. Representative examples of constraints for checking vertical inconsistencies between class and sequence diagrams are proposed to illustrate our contribution.
Finite element analysis based Hopfield neural network model for solving nonlinear electromagnetic field problems

Based on the finite element method for solving nonlinear magnetic field problems, a locally connected Hopfield network is constructed by taking the energy functional of the boundary value problem as the computing energy function of this neural network. The fact that the steady point of the dynamic system must correspond to the numerical solution of the finite element method is explained explicitly. The numerical results show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method.
Biases in Twin Estimates of the Return to Schooling: A Note on Recent Research

Ashenfelter and Krueger's (1993) within-twin, measurement-error- corrected estimate of the return to schooling is about 13-16 percent. If their estimate is unbiased, then their results imply considerable downward measurement error bias in uncorrected within-twin estimates of the return to schooling, and considerable downward omitted ability bias in cross-section estimates. This note points out that if there are ability differences among twins, then AK's IV estimator exacerbates the omitted ability bias in the within-twin estimate. Thus, upward omitted ability bias in within-twin estimates may provide an alternative explanation of the surprisingly high estimates of the return to schooling that AK obtain, and permit their results to be reconciled with upward, rather than downward omitted ability bias in cross-section estimates.
Tracking in vivo migration and distribution of antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by 5,6‐carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester staining during cancer immunotherapy

Background Killing of targeted tumors during adoptive cell transfer therapy is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) numbers, immunophenotype, tumor‐specificity, and in vivo residence time, migration, and distribution. Therefore, tracing in vivo persistence, migration, and distribution of CTLs is important for cancer immunotherapy. Methods Optimal staining concentration for CTL proliferation was determined by cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) assay and killing efficiencies of CTLs or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)‐labeled melanoma antigen‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CFSE‐CTLs) for malignant melanoma cells in vitro were compared. Additionally, CFSE‐CTLs were intravenously transfused to mice receiving B16 melanoma, and their residence time, migration, and distribution in vivo were observed by measuring fluorescence intensities of CFSE‐CTLs per gram of tissue (%FI/g) in various tissues and analyzing tumor/non‐tumor (T/NT) values. Anti‐tumor effects of transferred CTLs and correlation between %FI/g and D‐value of tumor size were analyzed. Results Five‐micromolar CFSE was optimal for labeling CTLs with minimal cytotoxicity. No significant difference occurred between CTLs and CFSE‐CTLs for tumor cell killing (P=0.849) or interleukin‐2 (P=0.318) and interferon‐&ggr; (P=0.201) levels. Distribution of CTLs in vivo varied with time. A negative correlation between %FI/g in tumors and D‐value of tumor sizes by Spearman correlation analysis was observed. CTLs were recruited to and killed tumors from 6 hours to 3 days after cell infusion. CTLs were observed up to three weeks later in the tumor, liver, kidneys, and spleen; this was related to the abundant blood supply or the nature of immune organs. Conclusions CCK‐8 assay is a novel method to select optimal CFSE staining concentrations. Fluorescence intensity of transferred CTLs reflects their killing efficiency of tumors. CFSE fluorescent markers can trace in vivo CTL persistence, migration, and distribution because of its stability, long half‐life, and low toxicity.
Development of a robust framework for an outdoor mobile manipulation UAV

There is a growing interest to autonomously collect or manipulate objects in remote or unknown environments, such as mountains, gullies, bush-land, or rough terrain. There are several limitations of conventional methods using manned or remotely controlled aircraft. The capability of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) used in parallel with robotic manipulators could overcome some of these limitations. By enabling the autonomous exploration of both naturally hazardous environments, or areas which are biologically, chemically, or radioactively contaminated, it is possible to collect samples and data from such environments without directly exposing personnel to such risks. This paper covers the design, integration, and initial testing of a framework for outdoor mobile manipulation UAV. The framework is designed to allow further integration and testing of complex control theories, with the capability to operate outdoors in unknown environments. The results obtained act as a reference for the effectiveness of the integrated sensors and low-level control methods used for the preliminary testing, as well as identifying the key technologies needed for the development of an outdoor capable system.
Efficient Key Generation by Exploiting Randomness From Channel Responses of Individual OFDM Subcarriers

Key generation from the randomness of wireless channels is a promising technique to establish a secret cryptographic key securely between legitimate users. This paper proposes a new approach to extract keys efficiently from the channel responses of individual orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers. The efficiency is achieved by: 1) fully exploiting randomness from time and frequency domains and 2) improving the cross-correlation of the channel measurements. Through the theoretical modeling of the time and frequency autocorrelation relationship of the OFDM subcarrier's channel responses, we can obtain the optimal probing rate and use multiple uncorrelated subcarriers as random sources. We also study the effects of non-simultaneous measurements and noise on the cross-correlation of the channel measurements. We find that the cross-correlation is mainly impacted by noise effects in a slow fading channel and use a low-pass filter to reduce the key disagreement rate and extend the system's working signal-to-noise ratio range. The system is evaluated in terms of randomness, key generation rate, and key disagreement rate, verifying that it is feasible to extract randomness from both time and frequency domains of the OFDM subcarrier's channel responses.
In Silico approach to identify transcription factor binding sites and Cis-regulatory elements in tubulin gene promoter

Transcription factor (TF) binding sites or motifs (TFBMs) are functional cis-regulatory DNA sequences that play an essential role in gene transcriptional regulation. TFs play important roles in cellular physiology, developmental processes and responses to environmental stimuli.The importance of promoter analysis relies on how abundantly TFBSs and TFs are integrated into reference databases. The primary components of promoter are cis acting regulatory regions. Various tools and software’s are being used to analyze and predict regulatory motif within promoter region of a gene. PlantPAN serves as a systematic platform for plant promoter analysis and reconstructs transcriptional regulatory networks. In the present study, we identified various motif including: light responsive elements, cis regulatory elements, core promoter elements and transcription factor binding motifs on the enhancer sequences of tubulin gene participating in variety of functions occurring in cellular processes.
Regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in PVYNTN-infected tobacco plants

Abstract The effect of viral infection on the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) in Nicotiana tabacum L. leaves was studied. PEPC activity was 3 times higher in infected plant leaves compared to healthy plants. Activity of plant PEPC can be regulated, e.g., by de novo synthesis or reversible phosphorylation. The reason for the increase of PEPC activity as a consequence of PVYNTN infection was studied. The amount of PEPC determined by Western blot analysis or by relative estimation of PEPC mRNA by real-time PCR did not differ in control and PVYNTN-infected plants. Changes in post-translational modification of PEPC by phosphorylation were evaluated by comparing activity of the native and the dephosphorylated enzyme. The infected plants were characterized by a higher decrease of the enzyme activity after its dephosphorylation, which indicated a higher phosphorylation level. Immunochemical detection of phosphoproteins by Western blot analysis showed a more intensive band corresponding to PEPC from the infected material. This strengthens the hypothesis of an infection-related phosphorylation, which could be part of the plant's response to pathogen attack. The physiological implications of the increase in PEPC activity during PVYNTN infection are discussed.