Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comparison of technical and economic prospects of battery electric , hybrid and fuel cell vehicles

The core objective of this paper is to analyze the market prospects of battery electric, hybrid and fuel cell vehicles from a technical energetic and an economic point-of-view in a dynamic framework up to 2050 in comparison to conventional passenger cars. The major results and conclusions of this analysis are: From a technical point-of-view BEV and FCV are currently clearly preferable to conventional cars regarding ecological performance as well as energetic conversion efficiency. Yet, this applies only if the electricity respectively the hydrogen used in the cars is produced from RES. With respect to the economic competitiveness of alternative powertrains compared to conventional vehicles in the most favourable case BEV will enter the market by about 2025. FCV will become competitive even later, by about 2040. Keywordsbattery electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, technical performance, economics, technological learning
EVALUATION OF STUDENT'S PREDISPOSITIONS TO DECISION MAKING BIASES

The cognitive biases are a very rugged psychological phenomenon that has been demonstrated through a vast number of experiments. Some of these cognitive errors considerably influence the individual decisional process and, for the purpose of this research, we have taken into consideration four of the biases: framing, anchoring, priming and errors generated by haste in situations where a more deep analysis was required. The present research is meant to be the basis for defining a decisional profile that would be validated in the academic context and then further inserted into the business environment through building a managerial decisional profile marked against the organizational decisional profile.
A Multi-Chain Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802 . 11 WLANs ∗

The distributed coordination function (DCF) of IEEE 802.11 standard adopts the binary exponential backoff (BEB) for collision avoidance. In DCF, the contention window of a station is reset to an initial value, CWmin, after each successful transmission. Much research has shown that this dramatic change of window size may degrade the network performance. Backoff algorithms, such as GDCF, MILD, EIED, etc. have been proposed that try to keep the congestion level by not resetting the contention window after each successful transmission. In this paper we propose a multichain backoff (MCB) algorithm that enables stations to adapt to different congestion levels by using multiple backoff chains with collision events on the wireless channel as indications for stations to switch among the chains. The performance of MCB is compared to the performances of existing backoff algorithms, 802.11 DCF, GDCF, MILD, EIED, and LILD. Simulation results show that MCB can achieve higher network throughput while maintaining fair channel access than the existing algorithms.
Sorting nexin 5 selectively regulates dorsal-ruffle-mediated macropinocytosis in primary macrophages

ABSTRACT The regulation of macropinocytosis, a specialised endocytosis pathway, is important for immune cell function. However, it is not known whether the biogenesis of macropinosomes involves one or more distinct pathways. We previously identified sorting nexin 5 (SNX5) as a regulator of macropinocytosis in macrophages. Here, we show that bone-marrow-derived macrophages from SNX5-knockout mice had a 60–70% reduction in macropinocytic uptake of dextran or ovalbumin, whereas phagocytosis and retrograde transport from the plasma membrane to the Golgi was unaffected. In contrast, deficiency of SNX5 had no effect on macropinocytosis or antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Activation of macrophages with CSF-1 resulted in a localisation of SNX5 to actin-rich ruffles in a manner dependent on receptor tyrosine kinases. SNX5-deficient macrophages showed a dramatic reduction in ruffling on the dorsal surface following CSF-1 receptor activation, whereas peripheral ruffling and cell migration were unaffected. We demonstrate that SNX5 is acting upstream of actin polymerisation following CSF-1 receptor activation. Overall, our findings reveal the important contribution of dorsal ruffing to receptor-activated macropinocytosis in primary macrophages and show that SNX5 selectively regulates macropinosomes derived from the dorsal ruffles. Summary: An analysis of SNX5-knockout mice shows that SNX5 is essential for the biogenesis of macropinosomes from dorsal ruffles and that dorsal ruffles provide a major contribution to macropinocytosis in activated macrophages.
ideology and the stagnation of aoda treatment modalities in america

The disease model of alcoholism was adopted by the American Medical Assoication in 1956, and the intervening 47 years have seen the development of increasingly varied and sophisticated types of evidence for the biological sources of addiction to Alcohol and other drugs of abuse (AODA) . However, a synthesis of 12-step treatment with a confrontational and moralistic version of cognitive psychology remains the modal approach to AODA treatment, despite its inability to even engage many addicts. Simultaneously, the growing evidence for therapies that teach self-regulation of biopsychological processes, which treat clients supportively while encouraging their recognition of the problems and building their desire to change, has been largely ignored by practitioners. The epitome of this self-regulation approach, neurofeedback therapy, has been all but ignored despite reports of high success rates. This paper examines the confluence historical economic and ideological factors that maintain this divergence between knowledge and practice from the perspective of Gusfield's notion of moral passage based on deviant labels.
User viewpoint modelling: understanding and representing user viewpoints during requirements definition

There has been increasing awareness of the impact of the early stages of systems development on the quality of information systems. A critical early activity is requirements definition, when the requirements for an information system are determined. Traditional requirements capture techniques do not support the collaborative nature of requirements definition or the emergent nature of requirements themselves. This paper focuses on viewpoint development as a means of resolving some of the difficulties of requirements definition. It proposes a user viewpoint model for capturing and representing the viewpoints of users during requirements acquisition. The model can facilitate communication and interaction between analysts and users and help build a shared understanding of requirements. It can be used to structure the requirements acquisition process. The model provides for evaluation of requirements acquisition techniques to guide the selection of appropriate techniques for developing user viewpoint models. The paper reports a multiple‐case study of requirements definition efforts that examined user viewpoint development in practice and used the cases to validate empirically the concepts of the user viewpoint model. The implications of the case study findings for requirements definition practice are discussed, and some areas for future research are identified.
Routing Open Shop with unit processing times, few machines, and few locations

Open Shop is a classical scheduling problem: given a set $J$ of jobs and a set $M$ of machines, find a minimum-makespan schedule to process each job $J_i\in J$ on each machine $M_q\in M$ for a given amount $p_{iq}$ of time such that each machine processes only one job at a time and each job is processed by only one machine at a time. In Routing Open Shop, the jobs are located in the vertices of an edge-weighted graph $G=(V,E)$, whose edge weights determine the time needed for the machines to travel between jobs. The travel times also have a natural interpretation as sequence-dependent family or batch setup times. Routing Open Shop is NP-hard for $|V|=|M|=2$. For the special case with unit processing times $p_{iq}=1$, we exploit a variant of Galvin's theorem about list-coloring edges of bipartite graphs to prove a theorem that gives a sufficient condition for the completability of partial schedules. Exploiting this schedule completion theorem and integer linear programming, we show that Routing Open Shop with unit processing times is solvable in $2^{O(|V||M|^2\log|V||M|)}\cdot\mathrm{poly}(|J|)$ time, that is, fixed-parameter tractable parameterized by $|V|+|M|$. Various upper bounds shown using the schedule completion theorem suggest it to be likewise beneficial for the development of approximation algorithms.
A comparison of behavioural alternative models in the context of the theory of reasoned action

In Fishbein & Ajzen's theory of reasoned action, behaviour is predicted by the behavioural intention, which in turn is determined by a personal attitudinal and a social normative factor. These variables are usually measured with respect to the behaviour of interest, ignoring the choice process between behavioural alternatives that precedes the performance of behaviour. Several methods that take account of this choice process are discussed and empirically compared. It is shown that a direct comparison of behavioural alternatives can be made and that such a method is preferable to both the usually applied method and an indirect comparison of behavioural alternatives. It improves the predictive value of the model of reasoned action, is efficient in the number of items administered to subjects and allows for analysis on an interval level.
Contours of Black Political Thought: An Introduction and Perspective

This essay aims to demonstrate how attention to black political thought might expand and complicate our understanding of modern politics and the conceptualization of the political in contemporary political theory, and in modern politics more generally. Black political thought can be viewed as the attempt to develop a set of critical tools to help explain the political distinctiveness of black life-worlds and how this distinctiveness is structured by a series of relations between individual and community, self and other, state and society, citizen and non-citizen, and national and multinational (or global) circumstances. Too often, black politics is exclusively considered as a form of minority group politics and phenomena reducible to empirical investigation and observation, rather than a set of practices with underlying conceptual, theoretical, and epistemological premises. If we understand race as a fundamentally relational concept, namely, an assumption of dynamic interaction between two or more putatively distinct groups, and racism as a political phenomena that is conditioned and articulated through politics, then taken together they provide the opportunity for reflection and consideration of how black peoples and subjects have conceptualized, created and engaged in politics, political communities, and their articulation. Race and racism, the modalities of political participation and, conversely, the modalities of political exclusion have been recurrent themes in black political thought. The distinctiveness of black political thought is symptomatic of the distinctive trajectories of black politics, which first emerged from spaces of exclusion in Western polities and colonies. The histories of black political and social movements provide evidence of the ways in which black subordination in Western societies and polities required the reconfiguration of the actual boundaries between the public and private, the political and the social. Race and racism, the distinction between identity and identification, black solidarities, and the relationship between history, context, and politics and the political are themes central to black political thought.
An appraisal of the electrical resistance method for assessing root surface area

Electrical resistances of roots and stems of hydroponically raised willows (Salix schwerinii) were studied and related to root morphology. Willow cuttings with and without roots were set in a constant electric field (effective voltage of 0.1 V, sine-AC, 128 Hz) in a hydroponic solution. The electrical resistance of different components in the measurement system was measured and analysed in relation to root surface area in contact with the cultivation solution. Axial resistivities of single root segments and of stems were measured. The results showed that the resistance decreased in relation to an increase in the contact surface area of the roots with the solution. The resistance depended strongly on the contact area of the stem with the solution, however, thus causing bias in the evaluation of root surface area. This work is a new contribution for the understanding of current pathways in the root system as exposed to an external electric field and for developing a non-destructive method to study plant roots accordingly. It may be concluded that the electrical resistance method is a useful non-destructive method to study roots and their physiological properties. Electrical analogues for roots and stem comprising resistors are discussed in relation to in situ measurements.
Factors affecting RFId adoption in a vertical supply chain: the case of the silk industry in Italy

Radio Frequency Identification (RFId) adoption process is receiving a lot of attention in literature; studies assessing its potentials in supply chains (SCs) are now well documented. Despite this rising interest, the diffusion pattern of RFId systems in the vertical SCs has been only scarcely addressed and theoretical contributions explaining dynamics and drivers are still missing. This study shows that the diffusion of innovation theory can be effectively used to explore these questions in a vertical SC. However, three major considerations emerged: (1) the factors influencing, facilitating or inhibiting the adoption process change over time and during the adoption process; (2) facilitators such as business associations play an important role in the SCs composed of small and medium enterprises; and (3) the position of adopters within the SC greatly influences the diffusion process.
Context Sensitive Paraphrasing with a Single Unsupervised Classifier

Lexical paraphrasing is an inherently context sensitive problem because a word’s meaning depends on context. Most paraphrasing work finds patterns and templates that can replace other patterns or templates in some context, but we are attempting to make decisions for a specific context. In this paper we develop a global classifier that takes a word v and its context, along with a candidate word u, and determines whether u can replace v in the given context while maintaining the original meaning. We develop an unsupervised, bootstrapped, learning approach to this problem. Key to our approach is the use of a very large amount of unlabeled data to derive a reliable supervision signal that is then used to train a supervised learning algorithm. We demonstrate that our approach performs significantly better than state-of-the-art paraphrasing approaches, and generalizes well to unseen pairs of words.
Neural processing of race during imitation: Self‐Similarity Versus Social Status

People preferentially imitate others who are similar to them or have high social status. Such imitative biases are thought to have evolved because they increase the efficiency of cultural acquisition. Here we focused on distinguishing between self‐similarity and social status as two candidate mechanisms underlying neural responses to a person's race during imitation. We used fMRI to measure neural responses when 20 African American (AA) and 20 European American (EA) young adults imitated AA, EA and Chinese American (CA) models and also passively observed their gestures and faces. We found that both AA and EA participants exhibited more activity in lateral frontoparietal and visual regions when imitating AAs compared with EAs or CAs. These results suggest that racial self‐similarity is not likely to modulate neural responses to race during imitation, in contrast with findings from previous neuroimaging studies of face perception and action observation. Furthermore, AA and EA participants associated AAs with lower social status than EAs or CAs, suggesting that the social status associated with different racial groups may instead modulate neural activity during imitation of individuals from those groups. Taken together, these findings suggest that neural responses to race during imitation are driven by socially learned associations rather than self‐similarity. This may reflect the adaptive role of imitation in social learning, where learning from higher status models can be more beneficial. This study provides neural evidence consistent with evolutionary theories of cultural acquisition. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1723–1739, 2014. © 2013 Wiley‐Periodicals, Inc.
Family Environment, Effortful Control, and Adjustment Among European American and Latino Early Adolescents

The present study examined the independent and interactive relations of effortful control and two family environment variables (parent-adolescent conflict and negative family relations) on the subsequent conduct problems and depressive symptoms of 459 European American and Latino adolescents between the ages of 10 and 14. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that even after baseline levels of conduct problems were taken into account, lower levels of effortful control and poorer family relations were uniquely predictive of more conduct problems 1 year later. A three-way interaction among effortful control, negative family relations, and ethnicity indicated that among European Americans only, effortful control moderated the negative family relations effect. High levels of effortful control protected European American adolescents living in homes characterized by negative family relations from elevated levels of subsequent conduct problems. Contrary to findings for the conduct problems outcome, only baseline levels of depressive symptoms predicted subsequent depressive symptoms.
Two domains of p53 interact with the TATA-binding protein, and the adenovirus 13S E1A protein disrupts the association, relieving p53-mediated transcriptional repression

The tumor suppressor gene product p53 can activate and repress transcription. Both transcriptional activation and repression are thought to involve the direct interaction of p53 with the basal transcriptional machinery. Previous work has demonstrated an in vitro interaction between p53 and the TATA-binding protein that requires amino acids 20 to 57 of p53 and amino acids 220 to 271 of the TATA-binding protein. The present results show that a 75-amino-acid segment from the carboxy terminus of p53 also can bind to the TATA-binding protein in vitro, and this interaction requires amino acids 217 to 268 of the TATA-binding protein, essentially the same domain that is required for interaction with the amino-terminal domain of p53. A carboxy-terminal segment of p53 can mediate repression when bound to DNA as a GAL4-p53 fusion protein. The amino- and carboxy-terminal p53 interactions occur within the domain on the TATA-binding protein to which the adenovirus 13S E1A oncoprotein has previously been shown to bind. The 13S E1A oncoprotein can dissociate the complex formed between the carboxy-terminal domain of p53 and the TATA-binding protein and relieve p53-mediated transcriptional repression. These results demonstrate that two independent domains of p53 can potentially interact with the TATA-binding protein, and they define a mechanism--relief of repression--by which the 13S E1A oncoprotein can activate transcription through the TATA motif.
Factors Influencing Academic Self-Concept of High-Ability Girls in Singapore

This study aimed at investigating the impact of entering high-ability classes on the academic self-concept of high-ability primary girls in Singapore. Participants in this study are 91 Primary 4 girls, 30 high-ability pupils, and 61 pupils from classes that include high-, middle-, and low-ability pupils. This study utilized a mixed-method approach. The quantitative part of the study used the Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire (ASCQ) to measure the pupils’ academic self-concept before and after they were streamed into high-ability classes. Findings indicate that the high-ability learners had a statistically lower academic self-concept score after streaming, whereas no significant difference could be found between the academic self- concept scores for the pupils from the mixed-ability classes before and after streaming had taken place. Narrative interviews revealed that high-ability students experienced greater pressure because of heightened competition in class. Implications of the study for educators are discussed.
Using Mixed-Effects Modeling to Compare Different Grain-Sized Skill Models

Most assessments, like the math subtest of the SAT or the GRE, are unidimensional, in that they treat all questions on the test as sampling a single underlying “skill”. Can we predict state tests scores better if we tag the questions with fine-grained models the skills needed? Psychometricians don’t do this presumably because they don’t get better fitting model, for a variety of reasons. We are investigating if we can do better prediction with finer-grained skill models. Our result gave a confirmative answer to this
Prevalence of chewing side preference in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions.

AIM This study evaluated the prevalence of the chewing side preference (CSP) in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-hundred subjects were divided in three groups (n = 100): Group 1 - children with deciduous dentition; group 2-children with mixed dentition; group 3 - subjects with permanent dentition. The CSP was determined using a direct method (visual observation) developed by McDonnell et al. (2004). Descriptive statistic was used to observe the prevalence of CSP. The Pearson's Chi-square was used to investigate signicant associations between gender, presence of CSP and preferred side (right/left). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Eighty-seven percent of group 1 had a CSP. Eighty-two percent of group 2 had a CSP. Seventy-six percent of group 3 had a CSP. There was no statistically significant association between presence of CSP and gender in all groups. There was no statistically significant association between preferred side (right/left) and gender in all groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE There is a higher prevalence of subjects in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition that presented chewing side preference. The early diagnosis of the presence of chewing side preference can prevent the unilateral chewing pattern with prophylactic therapy applied to the first teeth (deciduous).
Detection in Social Media

Event detection is a concept that is crucial to the assurance of public safety surrounding real-world events. Decision makers use information from a range of terrestrial and online sources to help inform decisions that enable them to develop policies and react appropriately to events as they unfold. One such source of online information is social media. Twitter, as a form of social media, is a popular micro-blogging web application serving hundreds of millions of users. User-generated content can be utilized as a rich source of information to identify real-world events. In this paper, we present a novel detection framework for identifying such events, with a focus on ‘disruptive’ events using Twitter data. The approach is based on five steps; data collection, preprocessing, classification, clustering and summarization. We use a Naïve Bayes classification model and an Online Clustering method to validate our model over multiple real-world data sets. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first effort to identify real-world events in Arabic from social media.