Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gaze bias during visual preference judgements: Effects of stimulus category and decision instructions

Prior research has demonstrated that during two-alternative decision making, gaze is biased towards the alternative that is eventually chosen. The Gaze Cascade model proposed by Shimojo, Simion, Shimojo, and Scheier (2003) predicts a larger bias for decisions requiring one to choose the item that is liked the most versus decisions that require one to choose the item that is disliked most. More recently, Park, Shimojo, and Shimojo (2010) showed that preference formation operates differently during decisions among faces and scenes, which suggests that gaze bias might differ depending on whether the decision stimuli are faces or scenes. In the present study we tested these two hypotheses in a within-subject design. Eye movements were monitored while participants (n = 48) made two-alternative Like or Dislike decisions among pairs of faces or scenes. We found remarkably little influence of stimulus type on gaze bias for either decision task, which disconfirms the hypothesis that gaze bias operates differently for faces than scenes. In contrast, we found that gaze bias was stronger for Like decisions than Dislike decisions. To further account for this effect we examined the decision time course, which revealed that this task effect is primarily related to biases in the placement, and duration, of the final dwell prior to response, although there was evidence that the bias began earlier for Like decisions. Implications for mechanisms of gaze allocation during multi-alternative decision making are discussed.
Iron Bezoar Retained in Colon Despite 3 Days of Whole Bowel Irrigation

Concretion formation is a documented complication of large iron ingestions. The generally accepted treatment is supportive care, whole bowel irrigation, and intravenous deferoxamine for systemic toxicity. Laparotomy and gastrotomy have also been used in patients with a high iron burden and bezoar formation. Though experiments suggest that iron is poorly absorbed in the colon, there are no case reports of iron overdose without systemic toxicity, despite a retained colonic bezoar. We report the case of a 16‐month‐old who presented to an Emergency Department 19 h after an iron ingestion. Initial laboratory studies revealed an anion gap of 14 mEq/L, and a 20 h serum iron concentration of 429 mcg/dL. An abdominal radiograph revealed multiple pills throughout the stomach and small bowel; whole bowel irrigation was initiated. Deferoxamine was administered at 10 mg/kg/h and then stopped when the serum iron level reached 27 mcg/dL, 36 h later. At this time, the abdominal radiograph showed an iron bezoar remaining in the ascending colon despite a clear rectal effluent from whole bowel irrigation. Despite whole bowel irrigation over the next 36 h, the iron bezoar was not removed and actually migrated proximally in the colon. Treatment was stopped on the third day and a normal diet was instituted with prompt passage of the bezoar.
Faithful Allies: The Experience of LGB-affirming Christian Clergy

This study explores a subset of Christian clergy who are allies of the LGB community and invested in creating changes in their churches, denominations and comn~unities toward the end of making them more affirming and inclusive. As leaders within a faith community that has historically set up barriers to the LGB community, these men and women are in a unique position to create change from within that may have far-reaching implications. The findings provide detailed information about the factors that fostered the development of their worldviews, the behavioral manifestation of their advocacy, the conditions that have sustained their efforts and the practices they have implemented in order to manage their potentially conflicting roles as clergy and allies.
The concentric circles model of the cultural industries

This paper examines the assumptions and structure of the concentric circles model of the cultural industries. Empirical data for Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK and the US are used to illustrate the model's key characteristic: the proposition that the cultural content of the output of the cultural industries declines as one moves outwards from the core. The test uses the proportion of creative labour employed in production as a proxy for cultural content. The results confirm the model's validity as a means of depicting the structural characteristics of the cultural industries and also enable some wider features of the cultural workforce in the five countries to be examined.
Marriage and Divorce Trends for Graduates of the U.S. Air Force Academy

Numerous data support the benefits of a stable marriage and document the negative consequences of marital distress and divorce. An estimated 40% to 50% of first marriages in the United States end in divorce (Bramlett & Mosher, 2002). Military members experience similar divorce rates overall but fewer divorces among officers (Karacaoglu, 2003). The marital status of U.S. Air Force Academy (USAFA) graduates was assessed and evaluated for unique risk factors for this population. Results indicate that USAFA graduates from class years 1990 through 2002 have a lower divorce rate than the general U.S. population. When assessed separately, there is no effect of the timing of the wedding or the type of spouse on marriage disruption rates. However, there is an interaction between these two risk factors that increases the probability of marriage disruption for those who marry other USAFA graduates within 6 months of graduation. Implications and further research endeavors are discussed.
Hidden Spaces of Resistance of the Subordinated: Case Studies from Vietnamese Female Migrant Partners in Taiwan 1

This paper explores how contradictory social structures influence power relations between “Vietnamese brides” and their Taiwanese family members. By analyzing two aspects of interaction between “Vietnamese brides” and their husbands' families, i.e., how the families require them to integrate into Taiwanese society and what strategies they employ to escape from these constraints, we argue that contradictory social relations together with commodified marriage and liminality help them to develop strategies of escape into the “hidden space. ” The development of these strategies indicates one thing: hegemony is never fully achieved – it is always negotiated and contested.
Busyness, Status Distinction and Consumption Strategies of the Income Rich, Time Poor

This article addresses the dilemma of consumption for those in income-rich, time-poor households in the contemporary affluent economies of the West. Following Linder, two `temporal strategies of consumption' are proposed, reflected in the consumption profiles of high status groups. The first is `voracious' consumption, denoting a fast `pace' and variety of leisure participation. The second is inconspicuous consumption — the purchasing of expensive consumer goods without the time to use them or the primary intent to display them. From a political economic perspective a solution is provided as to how to increase consumer spending among those with high disposable incomes and little leisure time.
No shift in locus of control among women during the 1970s

Contrary to reports published previously in this journal (Doherty, 1983; Doherty & Baldwin, 1985), there is no evidence of a shift in locus of control among U.S. women during the 1970s-at least not as revealed by responses of female Ss in 2 samples from the National Longitudinal Survey to a battery of Rotter scale items administered on 3 occasions during that decade
Disambiguating Explicit Discourse Connectives without Oracles

Deciding whether a word serves a discourse function in context is a prerequisite for discourse processing, and the performance of this subtask bounds performance on subsequent tasks. Pitler and Nenkova (2009) report 96.29% accuracy (F1 94.19%) relying on features extracted from gold-standard parse trees. This figure is an average over several connectives, some of which are extremely hard to classify. More importantly, performance drops considerably in the absence of an oracle providing gold-standard features. We show that a very simple model using only lexical and predicted part-of-speech features actually performs slightly better than Pitler and Nenkova (2009) and not significantly different from a state-of-the-art model, which combines lexical, part-ofspeech, and parse features.
Distribution of Glycan Motifs at the Surface of Midgut Cells in the Cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis) Demonstrated by Lectin Binding

Glycans are involved in many biological phenomena, including signal transduction, cell adhesion, immune response or differentiation. Although a few papers have reported on the role of glycans in the development and proper functioning of the insect midgut, no data are available regarding the localization of the glycan structures on the surface of the cells in the gut of insects. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial distribution of glycans present on the surface of the midgut cells in larvae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, an important agricultural pest insect worldwide. For this purpose, we established primary midgut cell cultures, probed these individual cells that are freely suspended in liquid medium with a selection of seven fluorescently labeled lectins covering a range of different carbohydrate binding specificities [mannose oligomers (GNA and HHA), GalNAc/Gal (RSA and SSA), GlcNAc (WGA and Nictaba) and Neu5Ac(α-2,6)Gal/GalNAc (SNA-I)], and visualized the interaction of these lectins with the different zones of the midgut cells using confocal microscopy. Our analysis focused on the typical differentiated columnar cells with a microvillar brush border at their apical side, which are dominantly present in the Lepidopteran midgut and function in food digestion and absorption, and as well as on the undifferentiated stem cells that are important for midgut development and repair. Confocal microscopy analyses showed that the GalNAc/Gal-binding lectins SSA and RSA and the terminal GlcNAc-recognizing WGA bound preferentially to the apical microvillar zone of the differentiated columnar cells as compared to the basolateral pole. The reverse result was observed for the mannose-binding lectins GNA and HHA, as well as Nictaba that binds preferentially to GlcNAc oligomers. Furthermore, differences in lectin binding to the basal and lateral zones of the cell membranes of the columnar cells were apparent. In the midgut stem cells, GNA and Nictaba bound more strongly to the membrane of these undifferentiated cells compared to the microvillar pole of the columnar cells, while SSA, HHA, WGA, and SNA-I showed stronger binding to the microvilli. Our results indicated that polarization of the midgut cells is also reflected by a specific distribution of glycans, especially between the basal and microvillar pole. The data are discussed in relation to the functioning and development of the insect midgut.
Ventricular repolarization dispersion during ischemia course measured by temporal and spatial electrocardiographic parameters

In this work we studied the evolution of increased ventricular repolarization dispersion (VRD) in the ECG during ischemia induced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). T-wave duration is measured by an automatic delineator and proposed as a index to quantify increased VRD. Moreover, spatial complexity of repolarization is measured by singular value decomposition (SVD) related indexes. Results showed a statistically significant widening of T-wave peak-to-end during PTCA procedure in RCA and LAD occluded patients. Besides, a statistically significant dynamic change of the dipolar components was observed during PTCA in RCA, LAD and LCx occluded patients. On the other hand, the relative energy of non-dipolar components did not change during the time course of increased VRD evolution.
Constructing Better Document Vectors Using Universal Networking Language (UNL)

Encoding a document in a vector is a very crucial step for any vector space model based IR (Information Retrieval) system. It is obvious that the better these vectors are constructed, the better the performance of any application built on top of it. In traditional document representation methods, a document is considered as a bag of words. The fact that the words may be semantically relateda crucial information for document representationis not taken into account. The feature vector representing the document is constructed from the frequency count of document terms. In this paper we describe a new method for generating feature vectors, using the semantic relations between the words in a sentence. The semantic relations are captured by the Universal Networking Language (UNL) which is a recently proposed semantic representation for sentences. In order to show that the generated document vectors with this new method are better than the traditional methods, we use the concept of mutual information. We prove by experiments that the vectors generated by UNL method indeed provide more information about the documents. It is proved that this helps in improving precision-recall in an IR system built using them.
Real-world polymorphic attack detection using network-level emulation

As state-of-the-art attack detection technology becomes more prevalent, attackers have started to employ techniques such as code obfuscation and polymorphism to defeat these defenses. We have recently proposed network-level emulation, a heuristic detection method that scans network traffic to detect polymorphic attacks. Our approach uses a CPU emulator to dynamically analyze every potential instruction sequence in the inspected traffic, aiming to identify the execution behavior of certain malicious code classes, such as self-decrypting polymorphic shellcode. Network-level emulation does not rely on any exploit or vulnerability specific signatures, which allows the detection of previously unknown attacks, while the actual execution of the attack code makes the detector robust to evasion techniques such as self-modifying code. After more than a year of continuous operation in production networks, our prototype implementation has captured more than a million attacks against real systems, employing a highly diverse set of exploits, often against less widely used vulnerable services, while so far has not resulted to any false positives.
A Fast Multiple Sampling Method for Low-Noise CMOS Image Sensors With Column-Parallel 12-bit SAR ADCs

This paper presents a fast multiple sampling method for low-noise CMOS image sensor (CIS) applications with column-parallel successive approximation register analog-to-digital converters (SAR ADCs). The 12-bit SAR ADC using the proposed multiple sampling method decreases the A/D conversion time by repeatedly converting a pixel output to 4-bit after the first 12-bit A/D conversion, reducing noise of the CIS by one over the square root of the number of samplings. The area of the 12-bit SAR ADC is reduced by using a 10-bit capacitor digital-to-analog converter (DAC) with four scaled reference voltages. In addition, a simple up/down counter-based digital processing logic is proposed to perform complex calculations for multiple sampling and digital correlated double sampling. To verify the proposed multiple sampling method, a 256 × 128 pixel array CIS with 12-bit SAR ADCs was fabricated using 0.18 μm CMOS process. The measurement results shows that the proposed multiple sampling method reduces each A/D conversion time from 1.2 μs to 0.45 μs and random noise from 848.3 μV to 270.4 μV, achieving a dynamic range of 68.1 dB and an SNR of 39.2 dB.
Validity of a Brief Interview for Assessing Reflective Function

The Reflective Function Scale was developed by Fonagy and colleagues (1998) to empirically measure the capacity to mentalize thoughts, intentions, feelings, and beliefs about oneself and others. Reflective Function (RF) has been reliably measured by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main and Goldwyn 1998), but its length (45–90 minutes) and the labor required to administer, transcribe, and code for RF may be prohibitive for many research studies. The present study measured the reliability and validity of the Brief Reflective Function Interview (BRFI; Rudden, Milrod, and Target 2005) by administering it to 27 undergraduate participants previously assessed using the AAI in another research study (Morrison 2010). The BRFI was coded reliably by two independent raters (ICC = .79) and yielded a highly significant positive correlation (r = .71) between RF scores obtained by BRFI and by AAI. The average administration time of the BRFI (M = 24.15 minutes) was significantly shorter than that of the AAI (M = 44.65 minutes). These findings suggest that the BRFI may offer a reliable, valid, and streamlined alternative to the AAI as a measure for coding RF.
Development of an Avian Leukosis-Sarcoma Virus Subgroup A Pseudotyped Lentiviral Vector

ABSTRACT We are using avian leukosis-sarcoma virus (ALSV) vectors to generate mouse tumor models in transgenic mice expressing TVA, the receptor for subgroup A ALSV. Like other classical retroviruses, ALSV requires cell division to establish a provirus after infection of host cells. In contrast, lentiviral vectors are capable of integrating their viral DNA into the genomes of nondividing cells. With the intention of initiating tumorigenesis in resting, TVA-positive cells, we have developed a system for the preparation of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-based lentiviral vector, pseudotyped with the envelope protein of ALSV subgroup A (EnvA). The HIV(ALSV-A) vector retains the requirement for TVA on the surface of target cells and can be produced at titers of 5 × 103 infectious units (IU)/ml. By inserting the central polypurine tract (cPPT) from the HIV-1 pol gene and removing the cytoplasmic tail of EnvA, the pseudotype can be produced at titers approaching 105 IU/ml and can be concentrated by ultracentrifugation to titers of 107 IU/ml. HIV(ALSV-A) also infects embryonic fibroblasts derived from transgenic mice in which TVA expression is driven by the β-actin promoter. In addition, this lentivirus pseudotype efficiently infects these fibroblasts after cell cycle arrest, when they are resistant to infection by ALSV vectors. This system may be useful for introducing genes into somatic cells in adult TVA transgenic animals and allows evaluation of the effects of altered gene expression in differentiated cell types in vivo.
Efficient biosorptive removal of chromium(VI)

This paper reports the high biosorptive properties of an indigenous plant for Cr(VI) biosorption. The biomass uptake capacity is found 85 mg Cr(VI)/gm of biomass in batch mode. The influence of different experimental parameters such as pH, dose of adsorbent and Cr(VI) levels (15–200 mg/l), effect of contact time etc. on biosorption was evaluated. The adsorption data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Kinetic experiments revealed that the dilute chromium solutions reached equilibrium within 120 minutes. It was observed that the pH had a strong effect on biosorption capacity. Desorption of Cr(VI) was successfully carried out by 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The interference study of metals like Mn, Fe, Cu, Cd, Mo, Ni, Pb, As, Co (10mg/l) was investigated. Cd showed negative interference in this investigation.
Factor Structure of the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS): Two Factors--Two Samples.

Abstract Christophersen, K.A. & Rand, P. 1982. Factor Structure of the Achievement Motives Scale (AMS): Two Factors ‐ Two Samples. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 26, 13‐28. Gjesme and Nygard have constructed a theory based scale for the measurement of achievement motives. The theory of McClelland and Atkinson presupposes separate measures for the tendencies to approach success and avoid failure. A factor analytical study was conducted in order to assess the degree to which the constructors have succeeded in developing two homogeneous scales which do not overlap. Both factor analyses and correlations between scales show that the scales measure different variables.
The couple relationship before and during transition to parenthood

Increasingly, the importance of the couple relationship has been recognised in relation to the mental health and well-being of partners, children and wider family. The move to include the couple relationship as a key aspect of life is supported by a broad evidence base informing policy in the areas of health and education and influencing practice in these overlapping spheres (Reynolds, Houlston, & Coleman, 2014). This change in societal values and attitudes is evident in the area of research on this topic, with a wide range of studies aiming to explore and measure relationship quality and changes over time for individuals in order to gain a better theoretical understanding of the key factors at work, possible outcomes and those factors which may be amenable to intervention (Hanington, Heron, Stein, & Ramchandani, 2012; Simons, Reynolds, & Morrison, 2001; Twenge, Campbell, & Foster, 2003). Historically, in the context of pregnancy, parenting and early child development, the emphasis has largely been on role of the woman and mother, with fathers and couples having less of a profile. Studies of the psychology of reproduction and parenting have commonly focused on women for whom this was their first pregnancy and, following childbirth, on dyadic interactions of new mothers with their babies and children. Relationship quality may be measured in different ways reflecting ‘satisfaction’, ‘happiness’ and the ways in which couples adjust to each other. However, the part played by couple relationships is complex and what men and women bring to relationships in the way of past history and experience, including mental health and their own parenting, are known to affect couple relationships and are taken into account in studies focusing on the antecedents and causal pathways. Relationships are also affected by recent and ongoing life events which either or both partners may experience, such as loss of employment, infertility, ill health and bereavement. Disadvantage and access to education, healthcare and financial resources also have a role that must be considered by psychologists, researchers and practitioners working in this area. More recently, the large-scale cohort studies starting with pregnancy and the first year have included measures of relationship quality: for example, the Intimate Bonds Measure (IBM; Wilhelm & Parker, 1988) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Golombok Rust Inventory of Marital State (GRIMS; Rust, Bennun, Crowe, & Golombok, 1986) in the MCS (Millennium Cohort Study). A decline in the quality of the couple relationship has been noted in relation to becoming a parent and the first year of parenthood has been marked as a time when there may be a mismatch between expectations and the realities of care, including a shortage of sleep and difficulties in finding time to be together (Mitnick, Heyman, & Smith Slep, 2009; Reynolds et al., 2014). In a recent prospective study of more
MAC Implementation using Vedic Multiplication Algorithm

The paper presents the implementation of MAC (multiplieraccumulator) unit using Vedic multiplier. The speed of MAC depends on the speed of the multiplier. The Vedic multiplier uses “Urdhva Tiryagbhyam” algorithm. The proposed MAC unit is coded in VHDL, synthesized and simulated using Xilinx ISE 10.1 software. The MAC is implemented on a FPGA device XC2S200-6PQ208 using Xilinx ISE10.1 tool. The proposed design shows improvement of speed over the design presented in [1]. General Terms Algorithms.