Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fiscal multipliers in turbulent times: the case of Spain

What are the output responses to fiscal policy? Although important contributions have been made in the literature, quantifying the size of the fiscal multiplier remains a challenge. Indeed, the challenge of estimating a unique fiscal multiplier is probably an ill-posed one. The magnitude of the multiplier may well depend on country- and time-specific characteristics of the fiscal stance under scrutiny. In this paper, we estimate state-specific multipliers for Spain depending on the state of the economy along several dimensions. The government spending multiplier is estimated to be larger during recessions and banking stress periods, but much smaller (or even negative) during periods of weak public finances. Combining these three dimensions into a single global turmoil indicator via principal component analysis, the estimated multipliers are 1.4 for crisis (or turbulent) times and 0.6 for tranquil times.
Municipal assessments versus actual sales prices in hedonic price studies

In most hedonic price model studies, the actual sales price of a property is employed as the dependent variable in the parametric regression analysis. Although the use of this price is pervasive, alternatives to it do exist. One such alternative is the assessed property value, which is more readily available than the actual property price. The aim of this study is to compare implicit price estimates of property characteristics (both structural and locational) based on actual sales price data and assessed property values. To this end, a seemingly unrelated regression with two hedonic price equations is used, one which employs actual market prices as the dependent variable and the other which employs assessed values. The results show that the hypothesised influence of structural and locational housing characteristics on residential property prices is the same for assessed values, and actual market prices cannot be accepted. This finding should act as a caution for hedonic practitioners not to base their conclusions and recommendations solely on the use of assessed values in hedonic price models.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel 4′(α)-Hydroxymethyl and 6′(α)-Methyl Dually Branched Carbocyclic Nucleosides.

The stereoselective synthesis 4',6'-dually branched carbocyclic nucleosides was accomplished in this study. The introduction of a methyl group in the 6'(a)-position was accomplished by Felkin-Anh controlled alkylation. The construction of the required 4'(α)-quaternary carbon was carried out using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. Bis-vinyl 6 was successfully cyclized using a Grubbs' catalyst II. The natural bases (adenine, cytosine) were efficiently coupled using a Pd(0) catalyst. When the synthesized compounds were examined for their activity against several viruses such as the HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HCMV, the cytosine analogue 13 exhibited good antiviral activity against the HCMV.
Depression care attitudes and practices of newer obstetrician-gynecologists: a national survey.

OBJECTIVE The study was undertaken to assess attitudes and behavior of newer obstetricians/gynecologists in depression care. STUDY DESIGN One thousand randomly selected physicians in their final year of training or recent practice received a survey about depression: training; related attitudes, responsibility, confidence; and self-reported care for the last depressed patient. RESULTS Of those eligible, 437 (64%) returned the survey. Current residents reported more didactic mental health training, but practice patterns were similar to recent graduates. Overall, 94% felt responsible for recognition, whereas about half indicated asking about substance abuse, sexual abuse, or physical abuse, 37% expressed confidence in their ability to treat with medications, and 22% felt confident in their ability to manage depression overall. CONCLUSION Residents are receiving more didactic mental health training, yet changes in training are not yet reflected in reported practice patterns or confidence. The use of antidepressant medications and assessment of contributing conditions such as abuse deserve more emphasis in training.
On the Optimal Taxation of Capital Income

One of the best known results in modern public finance is the Chamley-Judd result showing that the optimal tax rate on capital income is zero in the long-run. In this paper, we reexamine this result by analyzing a series of generalizations of the Chamley-Judd formulation. We show that in a model with human capital, if the tax code is sufficiently rich and there are no pure profits from accumulating human capital, then all distorting taxes are zero in the long-run under the optimal plan. In this sense, income from physical capital is not special. To gain a better understanding of these two conditions, we study examples in which they are not satisfied and show that the optimal tax rate on income from physical capital does not go to zero. In those cases where the limiting tax rate is non-zero, we calculate its value for alternative specifications of the marginal welfare cost of taxation. Our results indicate that even for conservative specifications, tax rates of 10% and higher are possible under the optimal code.
Tilburg University Design and Analysis of Monte Carlo Experiments Kleijnen

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Aberystwyth University Distribution and Drivers of Global Mangrove Forest Change, 1996-2010

For the period 1996-2010, we provide the first indication of the drivers behind mangrove land cover and land use change across the (pan-)tropics using time-series Japanese Earth Resources Satellite (JERS-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array-type L-band SAR (PALSAR) data. Multi-temporal radar mosaics were manually interpreted for evidence of loss and gain in forest extent and its associated driver. Mangrove loss as a consequence of human activities was observed across their entire range. Between 1996-2010 12% of the 1168 1˚x1˚ radar mosaic tiles examined contained evidence of mangrove loss, as a consequence of anthropogenic degradation, with this increasing to 38% when combined with evidence of anthropogenic activity prior to 1996. The greatest proportion of loss was observed in Southeast Asia, whereby approximately 50% of the tiles in the region contained evidence of mangrove loss, corre-sponding to 18.4% of the global mangrove forest tiles. Southeast Asia contained the greatest proportion (33.8%) of global mangrove forest. The primary driver of anthropogenic mangrove loss was found to be the conversion of mangrove to aquaculture/agriculture, although substantial advance of mangroves was also evident in many regions.
New single stage AC/DC converter with high frequency link isolation for high power application

Single stage AC/DC converter with DC isolation has wide industrial applications such as electric vehicles battery charging, home appliances etc. Unlike the existing single stage AC/DC converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), a new single stage AC/DC converter with minimum semiconductor count, operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) has been presented for high power applications. The proposed AC/DC converter integrates the half bridge pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with PWM half bridge DC/DC converter. AC/DC converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM), with high input power factor, and least semiconductor devices count reduces the conduction losses of the circuit considerable. All the switches operate under zero voltage switching (ZVS) condition, results in reducing the switching losses, EMI losses, and increase the overall efficiency of the circuit. Finally 800W experimental prototype has been designed to verify the theoretical analysis and performance of the circuit.
Shape and materials by example: a photometric stereo approach

This paper presents a technique for computing the geometry of objects with general reflectance properties from images. For surfaces with varying material properties, a full segmentation into different material types is also computed. It is assumed that the camera viewpoint is fixed, but the illumination varies over the input sequence. It is also assumed that one or more example objects with similar materials and known geometry are imaged under the same illumination conditions. Unlike most previous work in shape reconstruction, this technique can handle objects with arbitrary and spatially-varying BRDFs. Furthermore, the approach works for arbitrary distant and unknown lighting environments. Finally, almost no calibration is needed, making the approach exceptionally simple to apply.
The human salivary proteome: a critical overview of the results obtained by different proteomic platforms

The development of new separation techniques and different mass spectrometry instrumental devices, as well as the great availability of specific reactants, offers ample choice to scientists for carrying out high-throughput proteomic studies and being competitive in the field today. However, the different options available often do not provide comparable results, which can be linked to factors such as the strategy adopted, the nature of the sample and the instrumental availability. In this critical review, the results obtained so far in the study of human saliva by different proteomic approaches will be compared and discussed.
Qualitative Research and the Academy of Management Journal

Editor's note: For this issue's "From the Editors," I invited Robert Gephart of the University of Al-berta to reflect on his observations as a long-serving , award-winning reviewer of qualitative research for A! vII Over the past two and a half years, I have developed a tremendous respect for Bob's keen eye for evaluating qualitative research submissions , and great admiration for the painstaking advice he provides authors about how to improve their work. As a world-renowned qualitative author himself, Bob is in an excellent position to provide observations about how authors might increase the chances of having their qualitative research accepted for publication at AMI In a three-way electronic mail conversation about the challenges and opportunities of qualitative research , Bob, Tom Lee, and I all concluded that many authors with potentially very interesting data sets don't seem to know how to analyze them to their full potential. This is perhaps not surprising, gi ven the clear predominance of quantitative methods and statistics courses over qualitative ones, particularly in North America, as well as the inherently greater subjectivity involved in designing and analyzing qualitative research. As such, we encouraged Bob to provide a bit of a minitutorial-complete with reference citations and examples of high-quality papers that use particular qualitative approaches-in addition to his observations about qualitative research submitted to AMI The result is a longer-than-usual "From the Edi-tors" column. but one that we believe is well worth the extra reading time for anyone interested in producing , reviewing, or attempting to coax greater insights from qualitative research. We are fortunate to have someone with Bob's expertise share his observations, and we hope that his thoughts will prove useful to researchers for many years to come. Sara Rynes Incoming Editor I am thankful to Sara for inviting me to write this editorial column encouraging scholars to submit their qualitative research to the Academy of Man-I wish to thank Torn Lee and Sara Rynes for their helpful comments and encouragement in preparing this editorial. 454 agement Journal. Qualitative research is important to AMI Qualitative research is actively sought and supported by the Journal, its editors, and its editorial review board. Alv1Jhas published many qualitative papers. The coveted A/'v1jBest Article Award has been won by three qualitative papers-Gersick (1989), Isabella (1990), and Dutton and Duckerich (1991)-and by one paper that combined qualitative and quantitative methods: Sutton and Rafuclli, (1988). Despite these successes, most …
Exponential Asymptotics, Boundary Layer Resonance, and Dynamic Metastability

This paper considers the linear convection{diiusion equation u t = u xx ? xu x , and certain natural generalizations, on xed bounded spatial domains including the turning point x = 0. For constant boundary values and consistent initial values, asymptotic solutions as ! 0 + converge to steady states over asymptotically exponentially-long time intervals. The occurrence of an asymptotically exponentially-small eigenvalue is the reason for such metastability, as well as for the sensitivity of the long-time behavior to small perturbations. The utility of these asymptotic results is illustrated through numerical computations with only moderately small values.
The role of carotid atherosclerosis in the distinction between ischaemic and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.

AIM Sometimes ischaemic cardiomyopathy is a result of severe coronary artery disease of an occult course, without typical symptoms or evidence of myocardial infarction. This form of presentation is usually indistinguishable from non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Carotid bifurcation atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease have been shown to be strongly associated. We prospectively examined the value of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis in the distinction between ischaemic and non-ischaemic aetiology in patients with clinically unexplained cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-eight patients with undetermined dilatation and diffuse impairment of the left ventricular contraction were studied within 28 months. They underwent carotid scan and coronary arteriography. Carotid atherosclerosis was found to be very common in ischaemic and rare in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. The presence of at least one abnormal carotid finding (intima-media thickness >1 mm, plaques, severe carotid stenosis) was 96% sensitive and 89% specific for ischaemic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Carotid scanning may be a useful screening and decision making tool in patients with cardiomyopathy of indecisive cause. Patients with carotid atherosclerosis are likely to suffer from severe coronary artery disease. Coronary angiography and subsequent myocardial viability studies, when indicated, could be considered early during their evaluation. In contrast, a negative carotid scan predicts non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy.
Climate change effects on native fauna of northeastern forests 1

We review the observed and potential effects of climate change on native fauna of forests in northeastern North America by focusing on mammals, birds, amphibians, and insects. Our assessment is placed in the context of recent regional-scale climate projections. Climate change, particularly in recent decades, has affected the distribution and abundance of numerous wildlife species. Warming temperatures, alterations to precipitation regimes, seasonality, and climatic extremes are projected to affect species directly or indirectly in each of the focal taxa. Greatest climate change will occur during winter, and the survival of winter-active species as well as the survival, distribution, and abundance of hibernating mammals, amphibians, resident birds, and diapausing insects may be altered. Even under low emissions scenarios, effects on native fauna may be profound, affecting iconic species, endangered species, and species that provide economically valuable services, such as pollination and regulation of insect populations. However, much research that is essential to assessing the effects of climate change on the native fauna of northeastern forests remains to be done. Research that reveals causal mechanisms and relates these findings to population and community level processes will be most valuable. Résumé : Nous passons en revue les effets observés et potentiels des changements climatiques sur la faune indigène des forêts du nord-est de l’Amérique du Nord en mettant l’accent sur les mammifères, les oiseaux, les amphibiens et les insectes. Notre évaluation se situe dans le contexte des récentes projections du climat à l’échelle régionale. Les changements climatiques, particulièrement au cours des récentes décennies, ont affecté la distribution et l’abondance de plusieurs espèces sauvages. On prévoit que le réchauffement des températures, la modification des régimes de précipitation, la saisonnalité et les phénomènes climatiques extrêmes affecteront les espèces fauniques directement ou indirectement dans chacun des taxons visés. Les changements climatiques les plus draconiens surviendront durant l’hiver et la survie, la distribution ainsi que l’abondance des mammifères qui hibernent, des amphibiens, des oiseaux qui ne migrent pas et des insectes qui entrent en diapause pourraient être affectées. Mêmes selon les scénarios qui prévoient des émissions faibles, les effets sur la faune indigène pourraient être dramatiques et affecter des espèces emblématiques, des espèces menacées et des espèces qui procurent des services économiques précieux tels que la pollinisation et la régulation des populations d’insectes. Cependant, beaucoup de travaux de recherche essentiels pour évaluer les effets des changements climatiques sur la faune indigène des forêts du nord-est restent à faire. Les travaux de recherche qui portent sur les mécanismes causals et relient ces résultats aux processus qui se déroulent à l’échelle de la communauté et de la population seront les plus utiles. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Migration, Trade and FDI in Mexico

Part of the rationale for NAFTA was that it would increase trade and FDI flows, creating jobs and reducing migration to the US. Since poor data on illegal flows to the US makes direct measurement difficult, this paper instead evaluates the mechanism behind these predictions using data on migration within Mexico where the census data permit careful analysis. We offer the first specifications for migration within Mexico incorporating measures of cost of living, amenities and networks. Contrary to much of the literature, labor market variables enter very significantly and as predicted once we attempt to control for substitutions vs. credit constraint effects. FDI and trade variables deter migration and appear to work through the labor market. Finally, we generate some tentative inferences about the impact on Mexico-US migration and find it to be of important magnitude.
Surface condition determination of sugar beets for a harvester cleaning control system using a NIR hyperspectral imaging system

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI), also known as “Chemical Imaging” or “Spectroscopic Imaging”, is a powerful technique combining traditional imaging processing and spectroscopic analysis to attain as well spatial as spectral information of an object simultaneously. Caused by improvements in spectrograph technology, new developments in detector designs, reduced costs and better handling of the hardand software this technique has become increasingly applied in agricultural processes. Thus the count of HSI implementations in agro-food science increases rapidly over the last ten years. The most applied processes of HSI are in field of the food production chain under indoor conditions determining to quality control of vegetable, fruit, grain, meat and poultry products. In this paper the authors applied a near infrared HSI system for cleaning control of sugar beet directly on a harvesting machine on the field. This is a complete new challenge cause measuring under field conditions during the harvesting process. In this article the potential of this application of HSI for quality monitoring of the sugar beet harvesting process is presented and analyzed
Does education improve labour market outcomes ? Evidence from a large sample of twins

This paper estimates the causal relationship between years of schooling and unemployment. The results are derived from a high quality dataset containing observations on 13,896 twins. A control for twin pair specific heterogeneity is introduced by exploiting the twin dimension through the fixed effects estimator. Although the OLS estimator reports a strong negative correlation between education and unemployment, the relationship vanishes once a control for unobserved ability is introduced. These results are consistent with previous studies about the effect of education on unemployment in a Swedish context. Altogether, the evidence would suggest that the negative correlation between schooling and unemployment is a result of more able individuals self selecting into higher education.
Predictors of Developmental Screenings for Young Children

PREDICTORS OF DEVELOPMENTAL SCREENINGS FOR YOUNG CHILDREN Janice Chandler Ranne Old Dominion University, 2010 Dissertation Committee Director: Dr. James Alan Neff Committee Members: Dr. Qi (Harry) Zhang Dr. Martha L. Walker This study examines the usefulness of the New Model of Children's Health and its Influences for the identification of predictors for health service effectiveness. Health service effectiveness is measured by probability estimations of whether young children receive formal or informal developmental screenings. Screenings lead to prevention of communication delays in later childhood. Formal screenings with standardized questions are preferred over informal screenings, which are knowledgeable observations. The theoretical framework is a child-centered socio-ecological theory that is untested for use in health service effectiveness studies until the present one. Four developmental concepts of the theoretical framework, social environment, physical environment, biological history, and child behavioral history, are tested through secondary analysis of longitudinal data. Multivariate analysis by Cox regression is used to determine whether predictor variables from any of the four conceptual areas of the framework explain young children's receipt of formal or informal screenings. Cox regression is also used to examine the magnitude of differences on probability estimates generated by the predictor variables for the time of formal or informal screening receipt. The results show that the social environment predictors, maternal depression, maternal race, and maternal age and the child behavioral predictor, infant fussiness and irritability are significantly related to formal screening receipt and the model as a whole is significant. The social environment predictor, maternal depression, and the biological history predictor, birth weight, are significantly related to informal screenings and were the sole contributors to the informal model significance as a predictor of screenings. For both models, maternal depression consistently is associated with early screening receipt. Multiple correlation squared (R2) strength of association measures between the models and survival were weak. The implication of these findings is that the New Model of Children's Health and its Influences is useful in identifying predictors of health service effectiveness and may improve in predictive value under different conditions. Another implication is that when children are very young, maternal depression is a prevalent condition which may create the need for increased health services for children. Alternatively, health policymakers may increase support for new mothers with the aim of decreasing a lengthy need of services for children as they grow and develop.