Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing Without a Crowd

We present an incremental Bayesian model that resolves key issues of crowd size and data quality for consensus labeling. We evaluate our method using data collected from a real-world citizen science program, BeeWatch, which invites members of the public in the United Kingdom to classify (label) photographs of bumblebees as one of 22 possible species. The biological recording domain poses two key and hitherto unaddressed challenges for consensus models of crowdsourcing: (1) the large number of potential species makes classification difficult, and (2) this is compounded by limited crowd availability, stemming from both the inherent difficulty of the task and the lack of relevant skills among the general public. We demonstrate that consensus labels can be reliably found in such circumstances with very small crowd sizes of around three to five users (i.e., through group sourcing). Our incremental Bayesian model, which minimizes crowd size by re-evaluating the quality of the consensus label following each species identification solicited from the crowd, is competitive with a Bayesian approach that uses a larger but fixed crowd size and outperforms majority voting. These results have important ecological applicability: biological recording programs such as BeeWatch can sustain themselves when resources such as taxonomic experts to confirm identifications by photo submitters are scarce (as is typically the case), and feedback can be provided to submitters in a timely fashion. More generally, our model provides benefits to any crowdsourced consensus labeling task where there is a cost (financial or otherwise) associated with soliciting a label.
Journal of Experimental Botany, Page 1 of 10

PpEG4 is a peach endo-b-1,4-glucanase gene whose expression in climacteric peaches does not follow a climacteric pattern* Abstract In peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch.) the degradation of the pectic compounds of the cell wall is considered to be the principal component responsible for fruit softening. Many genes encoding enzymes acting on the different polymers of the pectic matrix have been shown to be highly expressed during the late phases of softening, with polygalacturonase being the most important. Nevertheless, it is known that softening starts well before the ethylene climacteric rise which occurs concomitant with the maximal expression of the pectolytic enzymes. The cloning and characterization of PpEG4, an endo-b-1,4-glucanase (EGase) gene preferentially expressed in preclimacteric fruits, are presented here. PpEG4 belongs to the group of EGases containing, at their carboxy-terminus, a peptide similar to the cellulose binding domain of microbial origin. This EGase is also expressed during abscission of both leaves and fruits. The effect of exogenous ethylene treatments on PpEG4 transcription is null in young fruits and negative in preclimacteric ones, while it is positive in abscission zones. Thus, the expression of PpEG4 seems to be more dependent on the type of separation process rather than being influenced by a direct hormone action. The ability of the PpEG4 regulatory sequences to drive transcription in cells undergoing separation events is also maintained in tomato, where about 3 kb of the gene promoter could drive the expression of gusA in pre-climacteric fruits and in the fruit abscission zones.
From journals to classrooms: theory and teaching in cultural geography

Cultural geography has always involved multiple, sometimes conflicting, dialogues about what the subfield includes and should address, about how research within it should proceed, and about what theoretical approaches best capture the complicated relationship between something called “culture” and the production of space and place. This article examines the ways that these questions shape the work of cultural geographers in the classroom, especially the undergraduate classroom. As cultural geographers draw from an increasingly complex set of theories and frameworks, how do, or how can, these theoretical ideas inform pedagogy? What might recent debates about representational and nonrepresentational theories in cultural geography look like in the introductory classroom? Drawing on my own experience of teaching cultural geography, this article reflects on the relationship between theoretical debates over the doing of cultural geography and pedagogical practices in the undergraduate classroom. As it shows, the move from debating the doing of cultural geography in academic publications to teaching cultural geography in the undergraduate classroom requires a set of translations that, to date, are poorly developed in the subfield, as well as a potential reorientation of audience in cultural geographic writings.
Association of insulin resistance and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome

ABSTRACT Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and decreased adiponectin level have been reported to be clinically associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease (CAD). Serum level of adiponectin has been shown to be reduced in several disease states like obesity and diabetes. We investigated the clinical relationship between serum adiponectin level and MetS, and its association with insulin resistance. Aim & Objective: The present study was designed to compare the fasting adiponectin level with the insulin and insulin resistance between metabolic syndrome patients and healthy subjects. The present study included 140 metabolic syndrome cases (81 men and 59 women) and 100 healthy controls. Metabolic syndrome cases were diagnosed by (NCEP ATP III) criteria. Serum Adiponectin, leptin , insulin, glucose and lipid profile measured and insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin ratio and BMI were calculated. Results: All the parameters were significantly (P
A Proxy Ring Signature Scheme with Revocable Anonymity from Bilinear Pairings

Proxy ring signature scheme with revocable anonymity allows the original signer to know exactly who the signer is and the original signer doesn't need to publish extra information except his original public key. Based on bilinear pairings, a new ring signature scheme with revocable anonymity was proposed. Through cryptanalysis, this scheme satisfies unforgeability, unconditional anonymity for attackers except original signer and revocable anonymity for original signer.
Initial Development and Factor Structure of the Educator Test Stress Inventory

With the proliferation of test-based accountability policies, educators and students alike are under pressure to improve test performance. However, little is known regarding the stress experienced by educators in response to these policies. The purpose of this article is to describe the initial development and validation of a new measure of stress associated with high-stakes testing. Psychometric properties were examined within a sample of 8,084 educators in a southeastern state in the United States. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Educator Test Stress Inventory supported a bifactor model of teacher test stress, with one general factor of Total Teacher Stress and two narrow factors of Sources of Stress and Manifestations of Stress. This study is an important first step in establishing a reliable and valid measure of teacher stress and better understanding the impact of high-stakes testing and educational accountability policies. Implications for the assessment and intervention of teacher stress are discussed.
The College-Choice Process for Asian Pacific Americans: Ethnicity and SocioEconomic Class in Context

This study examines differential college-choice behavior and outcomes among Asian Pacific American (APA) student subpopulations with the goal of examining the extent to which the Asian American population is, in fact, a homogeneous "model minority" in college destinations and decision-making processes. The results suggest that their postsecondary decisions, opportunities, and destinations vary across and within ethnic and socioeconomic class subpopulations, challenging common assumptions about these students and their participation in U.S. higher education.
Product Construction of Codes for Rayleigh Fading Channels

Coded modulation scheme of high coding gain is presented for slowly-varying flat fading channels. The scheme introduces a product construction employing two types of codes: "standard" good codes and codes that are more suitable for the fading channel. Short-blocklength codes of unique features are thus obtained. Using this approach, codes of bandwidth efficiencies 1,2, and 3 bits/s/Hz are detailed. An iterative decoding algorithm for this product construction is devised. It relies on separate columns/rows decoding linked by (reliability) information transfer. Simulation results reveal that these codes compare favorably with known codes of short block-length.
Perceptions of discrimination among persons who have undergone predictive testing for Huntington's disease

Potential discrimination from genetic testing may undermine technological advances for health care. Researching long‐term consequences of testing for genetic conditions that may lead to discrimination is a public health priority. The consequences of genetic discrimination generate social, health, and economic burdens for society by diminishing opportunities for at‐risk individuals in a range of contexts. The current study objective was to investigate perceptions of genetic stigmatization and discrimination among persons who completed predictive testing for Huntington's disease (HD). Using semi‐structured interviews and computerized qualitative analysis, the perceptions of 15 presymptomatic persons with a positive gene test predicting HD were examined with regard to differential treatment following testing. The sample comprised 11 women and 4 men, mostly married (73%), aged between 22 and 62 years, with an average education of 14.6 years (SD ± 2.57) and residing in urban, rural and suburban settings of eight U.S. States. Participants reported perceptions of consequences following disclosure of genetic test results in three areas: employment, insurance, and social relationships. Although most employed participants (90%) revealed their test results to their employers, nearly all reported they would not disclose this information to future employers. Most (87%) participants disclosed test results to their physician, but a similar majority (83%) did not tell their genetic status to insurers. Most participants (87%) disclosed test results to family and peers; patterns of disclosure varied widely. Discrimination concerns remain high in this sample and point to the need for more information to determine the extent and scope of the problem. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy

Lateral resolution that exceeds the classical diffraction limit by a factor of two is achieved by using spatially structured illumination in a wide‐field fluorescence microscope. The sample is illuminated with a series of excitation light patterns, which cause normally inaccessible high‐resolution information to be encoded into the observed image. The recorded images are linearly processed to extract the new information and produce a reconstruction with twice the normal resolution. Unlike confocal microscopy, the resolution improvement is achieved with no need to discard any of the emission light. The method produces images of strikingly increased clarity compared to both conventional and confocal microscopes.
Ethics, Activism and the Anti-Colonial: Social Movement Research as Resistance

This paper expands the possibility of an anti-colonial theoretical grounding for social movement research. Anarchist and militant forms of social movement research serve as a starting point for theorizing ethically oriented and embedded social movement research, and theoretical connections with Gramsci's notion of the organic intellectual are set out. These positions are brought into conversation with an anti-colonial paradigm that recognizes colonialism as a continuing process of imposed and dominating relationships that needs to be both critiqued and resisted in theoretical and activist spaces. This makes it possible to articulate an ethical conception of (militant) activist research with an anti-colonial orientation, which stands as a holistic framework, takes into account previous and continued colonial relations, and centers Indigenous knowledges as the epistemological foundation of research that occurs within areas of continued colonization. That anti-colonial theoretical grounding is thereby shown to be a requirement of research on Indigenous lands or by those who continue to reap the benefits from systems of colonization—only by doing so can research be adequately positioned in pursuit of social justice against oppression and domination.
Pharmacokinetics, Brain Delivery, and Efficacy in Brain Tumor-Bearing Mice of Glutathione Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (2B3-101)

Brain cancer is a devastating disease affecting many people worldwide. Effective treatment with chemotherapeutics is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that tightly regulates the diffusion of endogenous molecules but also xenobiotics. Glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (2B3-101) is being developed as a new treatment option for patients with brain cancer. It is based on already marketed pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®/Caelyx®), with an additional glutathione coating that safely enhances drug delivery across the BBB. Uptake of 2B3-101 by human brain capillary endothelial cells in vitro was time-, concentration- and temperature-dependent, while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin mainly remained bound to the cells. In vivo, 2B3-101 and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin had a comparable plasma exposure in mice, yet brain retention 4 days after administration was higher for 2B3-101. 2B3-101 was overall well tolerated by athymic FVB mice with experimental human glioblastoma (luciferase transfected U87MG). In 2 independent experiments a strong inhibition of brain tumor growth was observed for 2B3-101 as measured by bioluminescence intensity. The effect of weekly administration of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 was more pronounced compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (p<0.05) and saline (p<0.01). Two out of 9 animals receiving 2B3-101 showed a complete tumor regression. Twice-weekly injections of 5 mg/kg 2B3-101 again had a significant effect in inhibiting brain tumor growth (p<0.001) compared to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and saline, and a complete regression was observed in 1 animal treated with 2B3-101. In addition, twice-weekly dosing of 2B3-101 significantly increased the median survival time by 38.5% (p<0.001) and 16.1% (p<0.05) compared to saline and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, respectively. Overall, these data demonstrate that glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin enhances the effective delivery of doxorubicin to brain tumors and could become a promising new therapeutic option for the treatment of brain malignancies.
Brief psychotherapies for depression: current status

Purpose of review We intend to review recent randomized controlled trials and current research on mediators and moderators of treatment effects in psychotherapies for depression. Recent findings Treatment trials suggest that brief therapies can be effective for individuals from different ethnic and patient sub-populations. There is limited evidence on cost-effectiveness of brief therapies and the data on the benefits for different modes of therapy delivery suggest there are still a number of issues to address in this area. Work on mediators and moderators is in its infancy, but there is a number of factors, such as therapeutic alliance, certain personality traits and the notion of sudden therapeutic gain that appear to be important predictors of outcome across all brief therapies for depression. Summary Depression is a chronic disorder with a high risk of relapse that requires active treatment. Identifying which individuals would particularly benefit from psychological as compared to pharmacological approaches and developing an understanding of the general and specific mechanisms of action of brief therapies remain major challenges.
Output-sensitive construction of the {Delaunay} triangulation of points lying in two planes

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compute the Delaunay triangulation of a set of n points in 3-dimensional space when the points lie in 2 planes. The algorithm is output-sensitive and optimal with respect to the input and the output sizes. Its time complexity is O(n log n+t), where t is the size of the output, and the extra storage is O(n).
Advocacy in Practice: The Troubled Position of Advocates in Adult Services

Summary This paper is a review, and critical appraisal, of the theory and practice of advocacy. Advocacy is not social work, but its principles and values resonate closely to those espoused by the British Association of Social Workers (BASW, 2002). In this paper, we interrogate the assumption that advocacy is necessarily always a positive and enabling experience. Indeed, we suggest that the use of advocacy can be contested from the point of the view of the service user (the advocacy partner 1 ), the advocate and from professionals working with advocates (or positioning themselves as advocates). Drawing on recent research that evaluated advocacy services in Nottinghamshire, we discuss some of the key tensions. In particular, we consider the reality of the advocate’s role, including where it relates to and differs from social work, and the issue of whether advocacy can be part of what a social worker does anyway. We also review, briefly, the dilemmas arising from professionals acting as advocates, especially in relation to being independent of services.
Nondata-aided channel estimation for OFDM systems with space-frequency transmit diversity

This paper proposes a computationally efficient nondata-aided maximum a posteriori (MAP) channel-estimation algorithm focusing on the space-frequency (SF) transmit diversity orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission through frequency-selective channels. The proposed algorithm properly averages out the data sequence and requires a convenient representation of the discrete multipath fading channel based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) orthogonal expansion and estimates the complex channel parameters of each subcarrier iteratively, using the expectation maximization (EM) method. To further reduce the computational complexity of the proposed MAP algorithm, the optimal truncation property of the KL expansion is exploited. The performance of the MAP channel estimator is studied based on the evaluation of the modified Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). Simulation results confirm the proposed theoretical analysis and illustrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of tracking fast fading and improving overall performance.
Educated intuitions. Automaticity and rationality in moral judgement

Moral judgements are based on automatic processes. Moral judgements are based on reason. In this paper, I argue that both of these claims are true, and show how they can be reconciled. Neither the automaticity of moral judgement nor the post hoc nature of conscious moral reasoning pose a threat to rationalist models of moral cognition. The relation moral reasoning bears to our moral judgements is not primarily mediated by episodes of conscious reasoning, but by the acquisition, formation and maintenance – in short: education – of our moral intuitions.
Oxygen chemical potential profile optimization for fast low current (<10μA) resistive switching in oxide-based RRAM

We explain in detail how to optimize the oxygen chemical potential profile of Ta2O5-based stack to improve switching speed at reduced operating current (<;10μA). Using industry-relevant programming scheme, we demonstrate an oxide-based RRAM stack giving large on/off ratio (~x200) while the good reliability properties are preserved.
Spare Parts Inventory Management with Substitution-Dependent Reliability

Motivated to apply sustainable supply chain principles to air-pollution control systems, this paper presents a dynamic inventory-management approach where substitution is possible to maintain these systems’ equipment. An air-pollution control system’s subsequent reliability depends on the replacement equipment selected. The corresponding problem is formulated as a stochastic dynamic program. Because the state and action space are prohibitively large, the approximate policy iteration algorithm is adapted to generate high-quality solutions. Therefore, this work replaces the value function with an affine combination of nonlinear basis functions and shows that a relaxation of the policy improvement step requires the solving of a mixed integer linear program. This approach helps in the designing of an algorithm that improves the quality of the approximation by solving a convex optimization problem. To assess the quality of resulting solutions, a lower bound is developed by considering a relaxation of the probl.
Study on mission reachability problem for multiple AUVs Based on Object-oriented Petri Net

To cope with the difficulty for the development, upgrade and maintenance of control systems for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), this paper focuses on the architecture of AUVs. Firstly, the design of a generalized architecture is presented. And then, according to its characteristic of modular packaging and hierarchical organization, the Object-oriented Petri Net (OPN) method is adopted to model this architecture. Based upon this, to the problem of mission reachability, a sufficient criterion is proposed, thus, the correctness of the timing and logic relationship of this architecture is thoroughly demonstrated. Finally, experiments, in which different types of AUVs cooperate to detect objects, are carried out to validate the effectiveness of this architecture.
NOX 1 is responsible for cell death through STAT 3 activation in hyperoxia and is associated with the pathogenesis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to alveolar cell death in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and we previously demonstrated that NOX1-derived ROS contributed to hyperoxia-induced alveolar cell death in mice. The study investigates whether NOX1 expression is modulated in epithelial cells concomitantly to cell death and associated to STAT3 signaling in the exudative phase of ARDS. In addition, the role of STAT3 activation in NOX1-dependent epithelial cell death was confirmed by using a lung epithelial cell line and in mice exposed to hyperoxia. NOX1 expression, cell death and STAT3 staining were evaluated in the lungs of control and ARDS patients by immunohistochemistry. In parallel, a stable NOX1-silenced murine epithelial cell line (MLE12) and NOX1-deficient mice were used to characterize signalling pathways. In the present study, we show that NOX1 is detected in alveolar epithelial cells of ARDS patients in the exudative stage. In addition, increased alveolar epithelial cell death and phosphorylated STAT3 are observed in ARDS patients and associated with NOX1 expression. Phosphorylated STAT3 is also correlated with TUNEL staining. We also confirmed that NOX1-dependent STAT3 activation participates to alveolar epithelial cell death. Silencing and acute inhibition of NOX1 in MLE12 led to decreased cell death and cleaved-caspase 3 induced by hyperoxia. Additionally, hyperoxia-induced STAT3 phosphorylation is dependent on NOX1 expression and associated with cell death in MLE12 and mice. This study demonstrates that NOX1 is involved in human ARDS pathophysiology and is responsible for the damage occurring in alveolar epithelial cells at least in part via STAT3 signalling pathways.