Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title On Channel-Adaptive Routing in an IEEE 802 . 11 b Based Ad HocWireless Network

Ad hoc routing is important for mobile devices, when they are out of each other’s transmission range, to communicate in an IEEE 802.11b based wireless LAN using the distributed coordination function. While traditional table-based or on-demand routing protocols can be used, it is much more efficient to use a routing protocol that is channel-adaptive— judiciously selecting links that can transmit at higher data rates to form a route. However, devising channel-adaptive routing protocols is still largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose a reactive ad hoc routing algorithm, called RICA (receiver-initiated channel-adaptive) protocol, to intelligently utilize the multi-rate services (based on different modulation schemes) provided by the IEEE 802.11b standard. Our NS-2 simulation results show that the RICA protocol is highly effective.
The Case of Optimal Distinctiveness Theory

Researchers studying social identity and intergroup relations have traditionally approached group behavior as an interaction between the individual, the group, and the social context in which the individual and group are embedded. is approach has been quite fruitful, as evidenced by the proliferation of theories and studies over the last several decades that have identi"ed the psychological and sociocontextual features that are likely to give rise to particular group behaviors (e.g., in-group bias, discrimination, intergroup hostility). However, these theories are based largely on how individuals are predicted to respond and behave under particular circumstances, o#en without explicit consideration of the interdependence among individuals or the group-level outcomes that may emerge as a result of the interactions among individual actors. is approach is similar to a tra$c engineer attempting to understand tra$c patterns by examining the motivations and behaviors of individual drivers. Individual-level theories may tell the engineer that drivers attempt to maximize the speed of their car and avoid erratic fellow drivers. But understanding why tra$c jams occur requires consideration of how the behavior of one driver a%ects the behavior of multiple other drivers and how these behaviors unfold over time. In this chapter, we echo the sentiment of other researchers © K ra m er , R od er ic k M . ; Le on ar de lli , G eo ff re y J.; L iv in gs to n, R ob er t W . , M ay 2 3, 2 01 1, S oc ia l C og ni tio n, S oc ia l I de nt ity , a nd In te rg ro up R el at io ns : A F es ts ch rif t i n H on or o f M ar ily nn B . B re w er
Investigation on the reaction of metals with collagen in vivo.

1 Tail tendon and acid soluble skin collagen from rats kept on a copper-deficient diet has been investigated. 2 Copper deficiency markedly inhibits α1—α2 cross-link formation; the amount of the acidic fragment from the cyanogen bromide cleavage of the α1 fraction, which is assumed to contain the aldehydic component of the cross-link, is evidently decreased in preparations from copperdeficient rats. 3 The α2—α2 cross-link is probably formed by another mechanism than the α1—α2 cross-link. 4 Treatment with sodium gold thiosulphate largely restores the normal degree of cross-linking in the collagen of copper-deficient rats; the gold introduces cross-links independent of monoamine oxidase and located in the telopeptide region. 5 Iron deficiency inhibits proline hydroxylation by about 40%.
Waves of Malice: A Longitudinal Measurement of the Malicious File Delivery Ecosystem on the Web

We present a longitudinal measurement of malicious file distribution on the Web. Following a data-driven approach, we identify network infrastructures and the files that they download. We then study their characteristics over a short period (one day), over a medium period (daily, over one month) as well as in the long term (weekly, over one year). This analysis offers us an unprecedented view of the malicious file delivery ecosystem and its dynamics. We find that the malicious file delivery landscape can be divided into two distinct ecosystems: a much larger, tightly connected set of networks that is mostly responsible for the delivery of potentially unwanted programs (PUP), and a number of disjoint network infrastructures that are responsible for delivering malware on victim computers. We find that these two ecosystems are mostly disjoint, but it is not uncommon to see malware downloaded from the PUP Ecosystem, and vice versa. We estimate the proportions of PUP-to-malware in the wild to be heavily skewed towards PUP (17:2) and compare their distribution patterns. We observe periodicity in the activity of malicious network infrastructures, and we find that although malicious file operations present a high degree of volatility, 75% of the observed malicious networks remain active for more than six weeks, with 26% surviving for an entire year. We then reason on how our findings can help the research and law enforcement communities in developing better takedown techniques.
supplementary Materials : Human Action Recognition Using A Multi-Modal Hybrid Deep Learning

Method CS CV 1 HOG2 32.24% 22.27% 2 Super Normal Vector 31.82% 13.61% 3 HON4D 30.56% 7.26% 4 Lie Group 50.08% 52.76% 5 Skeletal Quads 38.62% 41.36% 6 FTP Dynamic Skeletons 60.23% 65.22% 7 HBRNN-L 59.07% 63.97% 8 1 Layer RNN 56.02% 60.24% 9 2 Layer RNN 56.29% 64.09% 10 1 Layer LSTM 59.14% 66.81% 11 2 Layer LSTM 60.69% 67.29% 12 1 Layer P-LSTM 62.05% 69.40% 13 2 Layer P-LSTM 62.93% 70.27% 14 ST-LSTM (Joint Chain) 61.7 % 75.5% 15 ST-LSTM (Tree Traversal) 65.2% 76.1% 16 ST-LSTM (TT +TG) 69.2% 77.7% 17 CL1D 62.99% 70.11% 18 MCL (upper body) 70.03% 78.01% 19 MCL (body parts) 73.76% 78.4% Table 1: Cross subjects and Cross views accuracies in NTU RGB+D dataset
Hilu Systematics of Water Lilies ( Genus Nymphaea L . ) Using 18 S rDNA Sequences

Water lily (Nymphaea L.) is the largest genus of Nymphaeaceae. This family is composed of six genera (Nuphar, Ondinea, Euryale, Victoria, Barclaya, Nymphaea). Its members are nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate regions. The classification of some species in Nymphaea is ambiguous due to high variation in leaf and flower parts such as leaf margin, stamen appendage. Therefore, the phylogenetic relationships based on 18S rDNA were constructed to delimit this genus. DNAs of 52 specimens belonging to water lily family were extracted using modified conventional method containing cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The results showed that the amplified fragment is about 1600 base pairs in size. After analysis, the aligned sequences presented 9.36% for variable characters comprising 2.66% of parsimonious informative sites and 6.70% of singleton sites. Moreover, there are 6 regions of 1-2 base(s) for insertion/deletion. The phylogenetic trees based on maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood with high bootstrap support indicated that genus Nymphaea was a paraphyletic group because of Ondinea, Victoria and Euryale disruption. Within genus Nymphaea, subgenus Nymphaea is a basal lineage group which cooperated with Euryale and Victoria. The other four subgenera, namely Lotos, Hydrocallis, Brachyceras and Anecphya were included the same large clade which Ondinea was placed within Anecphya clade due to geographical sharing. Keywords—nrDNA, phylogeny, taxonomy, Waterlily
Development of a new self-report questionnaire to measure self esteem

Synopsis In constructing a new self-report questionnaire for measuring self esteem, the aim has been to satisfy psychometric requirements without sacrificing the intuitive meaning of the concept. Self esteem is seen as a composite, and examination of its components may have more analytic or predictive value than ‘ global’ scores. Preliminary reliability and validity data are encouraging.
An Auction-Based Approach for Group Task Allocation in an Open Network Environment

To solve the problem of group task allocation with time constraints in open and dynamic network environments, this paper proposes a decentralized combinatorial auction-based approach for group task allocation. In the proposed approach, both resource providers and consumers are modeled as intelligent agents. The proposed approach is decentralized, so all the agents are limited to communicating with their neighboring agents. The proposed approach also allows agents to enter and leave the network environments freely, and is robust for the dynamism and openness of the network environments. Tasks in the proposed approach have deadlines, and may need the collaboration of a group of self-interested providers. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms two well-known task allocation approaches in terms of success rate of task allocation, the individual utility of the agents, the speed of task allocation, and scalability.
Sacral root injury during trans-sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression

Rationale: Trans-sacral epiduroscopic laser decompression (SELD) is reported to have strong positive short-term effects in controlling lower back pain (LBP) or radicular leg pain following herniated lumbar disc (HLD). However, little is known about the possible complications following SELD. Patient concerns: A 36-year-old man received SELD with YAG laser for controlling LBP and radicular pain due to HLD on L5-S1. However, after SELD, voiding and defecation difficulties and sensory deficits on the S3-5 dermatome were presented. Diagnoses: An areflexic neurogenic bladder was demonstrated by a urodynamic study four days after onset of sacral nerve root injury symptoms. In the electromyogram study, latency of electrically induced bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR) was delayed on both sides at four days after symptom onset. Based on the patient's symptoms and the results of the clinical evaluation, we diagnosed the patient as having an injury in the sacral nerve roots. Interventions: The patient was observed without any specific medication. Outcomes: Three months after symptom onset, the patient's voiding and defecation difficulties were nearly completely recovered. Lessons: In this study, we described a patient who showed neurogenic bladder and bowel and sensory deficits in the S3 to S5 dermatome due to sacral nerve root injury after SELD. During SELD, clinicians should be mindful of the possibility of injury to sacral nerve roots.
The anti-jamming capability of phase coded waveform with limited side-lobe level in correlation function

Pulse compression is a desirable approach to design pulses in jammed environment. It is important to have a phase coder sequence which has limited side-lobe level in correlation function, in phase coded pulse compression. This paper is discussing about the anti-jamming property of phase coded waveform which is coded with a sequence which has correlation function with limited side-lobe level. This sequence is constructed with minimizing the Integrated Side-lobe Level (ISL). After constructing this sequence it is used to modulate the pulse in jammed environments and its capability is measured in two different jamming scenarios called deceptive jammer and barrage jammer. It is observed that in barrage jammer scenario this phase coded waveform can resist very powerfully and in deceptive jammer scenario it can, too. In later scenario the anti-jamming capability of the waveform depends on the length of phase coder sequence.
The possible role of the fundamental constants in replacing the kilogram

Summary form only given. The author discusses the possibility of certain fundamental physical constants replacing the current unit of mass in the International System of Units. These constants include the Rydberg, fine-structure, Josephson, and von Klitzing constants, the atomic mass of the proton, and the proton-electron mass ratio. >
ECBA-16 Dynamics Analyses of Human Middle Ear System Using Finite Element Method

*All correspondence related to this article should be directed to Hidayat from Ehime University, Japan & State Polytechnic of Samarinda, Indonesia. Email: b861008a@mails.cc. ehime-u.ac. jp © 2016 The Authors. Published by Academic Fora. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific & Review committee of ECBA-2016. ECBA -16
Principles of analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays: Guideline from the College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center.

CONTEXT Laboratories must validate all assays before they can be used to test patient specimens, but currently there are no evidence-based guidelines regarding validation of immunohistochemical assays. OBJECTIVE To develop recommendations for initial analytic validation and revalidation of immunohistochemical assays. DESIGN The College of American Pathologists Pathology and Laboratory Quality Center convened a panel of pathologists and histotechnologists with expertise in immunohistochemistry to develop validation recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address key questions. Electronic searches identified 1463 publications, of which 126 met inclusion criteria and were extracted. Individual publications were graded for quality, and the key question findings for strength of evidence. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS Fourteen guideline statements were established to help pathology laboratories comply with validation and revalidation requirements for immunohistochemical assays. CONCLUSIONS Laboratories must document successful analytic validation of all immunohistochemical tests before applying to patient specimens. The parameters for cases included in validation sets, including number, expression levels, fixative and processing methods, should take into account intended use and should be sufficient to ensure that the test accurately measures the analyte of interest in specimens tested in that laboratory. Recommendations are also provided for confirming assay performance when there are changes in test methods, reagents, or equipment.
A Model Checker for the Verification of Browser Based Protocols

A browser based protocol is the chief security component of a safety critical web application, such as e-banking. Accordingly, browser based protocols need to be thoroughly verified in order to guarantee they are up to comply with key security properties. To this end, we have developed WebMC, a model checker especially designed to consider web standards, with the aim of analyzing browser based protocol execution, as encompassed by the interactions of a typical user, a browser, and active attacker playing the role of the network, and one or more servers. In this paper, we shall show how to use WebMC in the design and the development of browser based protocols. Our tool has been successfully validated: WebMC has been able to reproduce a number of the verification results found in the literature, but fully automatically.
What are people's associations of domestic robots?: Comparing implicit and explicit measures

The acceptability of robots in homes does not depend solely on the practical benefits they may provide, but also on complex relationships between cognitive, affective and emotional components of people's associations of and attitudes towards robots. This important area of research mainly relies on explicit measures, and alternative measures are rather unexplored. We therefore studied both implicit and explicit associations of robots, and found inconsistent findings between implicit and explicit measures. Our findings speak in favor of the proposition that people are actually more negative about robots than they consciously express. Since associations play an important role when people form attitudes towards robots we stress that caution when researchers and designers solely rely on explicit measures in their research.
Implicit Communication Detection Using Topics Model on Asynchronous Communication Data

Detecting implicit communication is a difficult problem since it involves uncovering a person's intentions rather than accept the explicit communication of individuals. We used various forms of topic models on a large dataset of asynchronous communication to detect aspects of implicit communication. We show that by analyzing rates of change of words in topics and looking at the divergence of words in topics, we can detect anomalous behavior of words which shows what words and topics are active. The detection of such activity is one way to uncover implicit communication in messages.
Apolipoprotein(a) is a human vascular endothelial cell agonist: studies on the induction in endothelial cells of monocyte chemotactic factor activity

Elevated levels of lipoprotein(a), Lp(a), are associated with premature atherosclerosis; however, the mechanisms of its atherogenicity are not known. Recruitment of monocytes to the blood vessel wall is an early event in atherogenesis. Since Lp(a) is associated with macrophages in the plaque, we have examined the effect of Lp(a) on inducing monocyte chemotactic activity (MCA) in vascular endothelial cells. We report that Lp(a) and apo(a) induced human umbilical vein (HUVEC) and coronary artery endothelial cells to secrete monocyte chemotactic activity as early as 30 min of incubation. In the absence of cells, Lp(a) had no direct monocyte chemotactic activity. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide inhibited the HUVEC response, indicating that protein and RNA synthesis were required. Endotoxin was shown not to be responsible for the induction of monocyte chemotactic activity. Granulocyte monocyte‐colony stimulating factor antigen was not detected in the Lp(a)‐conditioned medium, nor was monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 mRNA induced by Lp(a). These results suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in the recruitment of monocytes to the vessel wall, thus providing a novel mechanism for the participation of Lp(a) in the atherogenic process.
HCI Theory: Classical, Modern, and Contemporary

Theory is the bedrock of many sciences, providing a rigorous method to advance knowledge, through testing and falsifying hypotheses about observable phenomena. To begin with, the nascent field of HCI followed the scientific method borrowing theories from cognitive science to test theories about user performance at the interface. But HCI has emerged as an eclectic interdiscipline rather than a well-defined science. It now covers all aspects of human life, from birth to bereavement, through all manner of computing, from device ecologies to nano-technology. It comes as no surprise that the role of theory in HCI has also greatly expanded from the early days of scientific testing to include other functions such as describing, explaining, critiquing, and as the basis for generating new designs. The book charts the theoretical developments in HCI, both past and present, reflecting on how they have shaped the field. It explores both the rhetoric and the reality: how theories have been conceptualized, what was promised, how they have been used and which has made the most impact in the field -- and the reasons for this. Finally, it looks to the future and asks whether theory will continue to have a role, and, if so, what this might be.
Polish adaptation and reliability testing of the nine-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (9-EHFScBS).

BACKGROUND According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, education in heart failure (HF) should focus on preparing the patient for self-control and self-care. Only systematic assessment of the level of self-care in HF enables the optimisation and adaptation of education to meet the patient's needs. The research tool commonly used to assess self-care in HF patients is the nine-item European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (9-EHFScBS). AIM To test the reliability of the Polish version of the 9-EHFScBS. METHODS A standard guideline was used for the translation and cultural adaptation of the English version of the 9-EHFScBS into Polish. The study included 110 Polish patients (mean age 66.0 ± 11.4 years); 51 men and 59 women. Cronbach's alpha was used for the analysis of the internal consistency of the 9-EHFScBS. RESULTS The mean overall level of self-care in the study group was 27.65 points (SD 7.13 points). Good or satisfactory levels of self-care were found in three out of nine analysed variables. The reliability of the self-care scale was alpha = 0.787. The value of Cronbach's alpha after the exclusion of individual statements ranged from 0.75 to 0.81. CONCLUSIONS The 9-EHFScBS questionnaire is a reliable research tool in assessing the level of self-care among patients with HF in the Polish population.
Differentiation of Typical and Atypical Parkinson Syndromes by Quantitative MR Imaging

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The differential diagnosis of Parkinson syndromes remains a major challenge. Quantitative MR imaging can aid in this classification, but it is unclear which of the proposed techniques is best suited for this task. We, therefore, conducted a head-to-head study with different quantitative MR imaging measurements in patients with IPS, MSA-type Parkinson, PSP, and healthy elderly controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients and 13 controls underwent a comprehensive quantitative MR imaging protocol including R2*-, R2- and R1-mapping, magnetization transfer, and DTI with manual region-of-interest measurements in basal ganglia regions. Group differences were assessed with a post hoc ANOVA with a Bonferroni error correction and an ROC. RESULTS: The best separation of MSA from IPS in patients and controls could be achieved with R2*-mapping in the PU, with an ROC AUC of ≤0.96, resulting in a sensitivity of 77.8% (with a specificity 100%). MD was increased in patients with PSP compared with controls and to a lesser extent compared with those with IPS and MSA in the SN. CONCLUSIONS: Among the applied quantitative MR imaging methods, R2*-mapping seems to have the best predictive power to separate patients with MSA from those with IPS, and DTI for identifying PSP.
Virtual reality as a communication tool for fire safety - Experiences from the VirPa project

This paper presents a serious game on fire safety that utilises virtual reality (VR) technology. The game represents an office being engulfed in smoke while the player’s task is to escape the building, but the player is not aware of this goal before the fire alarm is triggered in the game environment. This radical shift in game dynamics is an authentic representation of the unexpected nature of an actual fire alarm. The game was mainly designed to collect information on players’ actions for analysing them as representations of human behaviour in a real fire situation. For our study, 169 people played the game in controlled environments. The recorded metrics demonstrate the potential of VR applications as tools for fire-related learning and behavioural analysis, while the results from a post-game user experience questionnaire show that the players were highly engaged in the fire evacuation task and found the VR application to be an appealing training environment. This paper analyses the pros and cons of the game design project and proposes actions to be implemented in future VR games on fire safety.
Feature-based Sentiment Analysis for Slang Arabic Text

The increased number of Arab users on microblogging services who use Arabic language to write and read has triggered several researchers to study the posted data and discover the user’s opinion and feelings to support decision making. In this paper, a sentiment analysis framework is presented for slang Arabic text. A new dataset with Jordanian dialect is presented. Numerous specific Arabic features are shown with their impact on slang Arabic Tweets. The new set of features consists of lexicon, writing style, grammatical and emotional features. Several experiments are conducted to test the performance of the proposed scheme. The new proposed scheme produces better results in comparison with others. The experiments show that the system performs well without translating the tweets to English or standard Arabic.