Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive Feedback and Noise Activate the Stringent Response Regulator Rel in Mycobacteria

Phenotypic heterogeneity in an isogenic, microbial population enables a subset of the population to persist under stress. In mycobacteria, stresses like nutrient and oxygen deprivation activate the stress response pathway involving the two-component system MprAB and the sigma factor, SigE. SigE in turn activates the expression of the stringent response regulator, rel. The enzyme polyphosphate kinase 1 (PPK1) regulates this pathway by synthesizing polyphosphate required for the activation of MprB. The precise manner in which only a subpopulation of bacterial cells develops persistence, remains unknown. Rel is required for mycobacterial persistence. Here we show that the distribution of rel expression levels in a growing population of mycobacteria is bimodal with two distinct peaks corresponding to low (L) and high (H) expression states, and further establish that a positive feedback loop involving the mprAB operon along with stochastic gene expression are responsible for the phenotypic heterogeneity. Combining single cell analysis by flow cytometry with theoretical modeling, we observe that during growth, noise-driven transitions take a subpopulation of cells from the L to the H state within a “window of opportunity” in time preceding the stationary phase. It is these cells which adapt to nutrient depletion in the stationary phase via the stringent response. We find evidence of hysteresis in the expression of rel in response to changing concentrations of PPK1. Hysteresis promotes robustness in the maintenance of the induced state. Our results provide, for the first time, evidence that bistability and stochastic gene expression could be important for the development of “heterogeneity with an advantage” in mycobacteria and suggest strategies for tackling tuberculosis like targeting transitions from the low to the high rel expression state.
Redefining Firm Competencies , Innovation and Labour Mobility : A Study of R & D in Telecommunications

This paper is concerned with how labour market institutions and different forms of work organisation shape the ability of firms to develop and diffuse innovation at the point of production. The contribution that the paper makes lies in two areas. Firstly, a conceptual framework is presented that integrates the questions of innovation and labour markets based on a series of up until now relatively disparate literatures. Inherent in the framework’s proposition lies the notion that certain types of production environments will be best supported by specific forms of labour mobility. Thus the coherence between production and labour market institutions will underpin the ability of firms to become successful innovators. The second contribution lies in using the above mentioned framework to specify the distinctive input that labour makes to the innovation process through a case study of a research and development department of a large UK telecommunications service firm.
Survey on incremental and iterative models in big data mining environment

It has become increasingly popular to mine big data in order to gain insights to help business decisions or to provide more desirable personalized, higher quality services. They usually include data sets with sizes beyond the ability of commonly used software tools to retrieve, manage, and process data within an adequate elapsed time. So there is big demand for distributed computing framework. As new data and updates are constantly arriving, the results of data mining applications become incomplete over time. In such situations it is desirable to periodically refresh the mined data in order to keep it up-to-date. This paper describes the existing approaches to big data mining which uses these frameworks in an incremental approach that saves and reuses the previous states of computations. It also explores several enhancements introduced in this same framework with iterative mapping characteristics. Gaps in the current methods are identified in this literature review.
MARS: A Muscle Activity Recognition System enabling self-configuring musculoskeletal sensor networks

Poor posture and incorrect muscle usage are a leading cause of many injuries in sports and fitness. For this reason, non-invasive, fine-grained sensing and monitoring of human motion and muscles is important for mitigating injury and improving fitness efficacy. Current sensing systems either depend on invasive techniques or unscalable approaches whose accuracy is highly dependent on body sensor placement. As a result these systems are not suitable for use in active sports or fitness training where sensing needs to be scalable, accurate and un-inhibitive to the activity being performed. We present MARS, a system that detects both body motion and individual muscle group activity during physical human activity by only using unobtrusive, non-invasive inertial sensors. MARS not only accurately senses and recreates human motion down to the muscles, but also allows for fast personalized system setup by determining the individual identities of the instrumented muscles, obtained with minimal system training. In a real world human study conducted to evaluate MARS, the system achieves greater than 95% accuracy in identifying muscle groups.
Book Reviews: Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar and German in Head-driven Phrase-structure Grammar

This book presents the most complete exposition of the theory of head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG), introduced in the authors' "Information-Based Syntax and Semantics. " HPSG provides an integration of key ideas from the various disciplines of cognitive science, drawing on results from diverse approaches to syntactic theory, situation semantics, data type theory, and knowledge representation. The result is a conception of grammar as a set of declarative and order-independent constraints, a conception well suited to modelling human language processing. This self-contained volume demonstrates the applicability of the HPSG approach to a wide range of empirical problems, including a number which have occupied center-stage within syntactic theory for well over twenty years: the control of "understood" subjects, long-distance dependencies conventionally treated in terms of "wh"-movement, and syntactic constraints on the relationship between various kinds of pronouns and their antecedents. The authors make clear how their approach compares with and improves upon approaches undertaken in other frameworks, including in particular the government-binding theory of Noam Chomsky.
Students’ Views about Enriched Summer Camp for High School Students

In New Era high level thinking skills, personal development and network could be demonstrated as the keys of life success. Because of this, enrichment camps became very popular. This paper presents the layout and results of a summer camp project that aims to promote insight on high school students towards many disciplines of science, culture, develop their self-confidence and help high school students to choose the most appropriate job for themselves. The students introduced university lectures from different branches such as; molecular biology and genetics, solid works, international relations, forensic psychology, nano materials and x-ray analyses etc. The the core body of knowledge has been enriched with applications in a laboratory environment. The students have been assigned to learn by experience with the help of hands-on project design activities during the project. Drama, cultural tours, seminars, meetings, sports, dance and yoga have been used as social activities for introducing campus life and facilities. In addition to these, the students have also been informed about the importance of discovering their interests and talents within the scope of this camp. This program was in operation in summer term of 2015-2016 academic year at Istanbul Aydin University. The students were given semi-structured interview and the data were analyzed through descriptive analysis. The sample of the study consists of 39 students coming from different state and private schools in different cities. The results indicated that summer camp increased academic motivation, awareness of life and career also the socialization skills of the participants. Besides, the students stated that they were able to be recognize of a university, university environment, scientists and different professions.
Thread-Sensitive Instruction Issue for SMT Processors

Simultaneous Multi Threading (SMT) is a processor design method in which concurrent hardware threads share processor resources like functional units and memory. The scheduling complexity and performance of an SMT processor depend on the topology used in the fetch and issue stages. In this paper, we propose a thread sensitive issue policy for a partitioned SMT processor which is based on a thread metric. We propose the number of ready-to-issue instructions of each thread as priority metric. To evaluate our method, we have developed a reconfigurable SMT-simulator on top of the SimpleScalar Toolset. We simulated our modeled processor under several workloads composed of SPEC benchmarks. Experimental results show around 30% improvement compared to the conventional OLDEST_FIRST mixed topology issue policy. Additionally, the hardware implementation of our architecture with this metric in issue stage is quite simple.
Test case selection and prioritization using cuckoos search algorithm

Regression Testing is an inevitable and very costly activity that is implemented to ensure the validity of new version of software in a time and resource constrained environment. Execution of entire test suite is not possible so it is necessary to apply techniques like Test Case Selection and Test Case Prioritization for proper selection and schedule of test cases in a specific sequence, fulfilling some chosen criteria. Cuckoo search (CS) algorithm is an optimization algorithm proposed by Yang and Deb [13]. It is inspired by the obligate brood parasitism of some cuckoo species by laying their eggs in the nests of other host birds. Cuckoo Search is very easy to implement as it depends on single parameter only unlike other optimization algorithms. In this paper a test case selection and prioritization algorithm has been proposed using Cuckoo Search. This algorithm selects and prioritizes the test cases based on the number of faults covered in minimum time. The proposed algorithm is an optimistic approach which provides optimum best results in minimum time.
Constructivism in Education: an Overview of Contributions to the Literature and to the Jpacte Annotated Bibliography

Constructivism in education has evolved over the past century due to the contributions of many individuals in the U. S. and abroad. This article provides an overview of the contributions of theorists, researchers, and educators most closely associated with its rise in the field of education. The article also provides an outline and guide to the annotated bibliography on constructivism in education on the JPACTe website.
The Chu construction in quantum logic

The Chu construction is used to define a * −autonomous structure on a category of complete atomistic coatomistic lattices, denoted by Cal 0 Sym. We proceed as follows. In the category Set 0 of pointed sets, we consider the smash product which makes Set 0 autonomous, hence the category Chu(Set 0 , 2 0) * −autonomous. Then we define a functor F : Cal 0 Sym → Chu(Set 0 , 2 0) by F (L) := (Σ S {0}, r, Σ ′ S {1}) where Σ and Σ ′ denote the sets of atoms and coatoms of L respectively. Finally, we prove that F is full and faithful, and that Cal 0 Sym is closed under dual and tensor in Chu(Set 0 , 2 0), therefore * −autonomous. This construction leads to a new tensor product ⊛, which we compare with a certain number of other tensor products. For DAC-lattices, we describe L 1 ⊛ L 2 and L 1 ⊸ L 2 = (L 1 ⊛ L op 2) op in terms of semilinear maps.
Energy Attacks on Mobile Devices

All mobile devices are energy-constrained. They use batteries that allows using the device for a limited amount of time. In general, energy attacks on mobile devices are denial of service (DoS) type of attacks. While previous studies have analyzed the energy attacks in servers, no existing work has analyzed the energy attacks on mobile devices. As such, in this paper, we present the first systematic study on how to exploit the energy attacks on smartphones. In particular, we explore energy attacks from the following aspect: hardware components, software resources, and network communications through the design and implementation of concrete malicious apps, and malicious web pages. We quantitatively show how quickly we can drain the battery through each individual attack, as well as their combinations. Finally, we believe energy exploit will be a practical attack vector and mobile users should be aware of this type of attacks.
Navigating Transitions: Challenges for Engineering Students

As college students enter engineering, they face challenges when they navigate across various transitions. These challenges impact whether a student can successfully adapt to the rigorous curricular requirements of an engineering degree and to the norms and expectations that are particular to engineering. This article focuses on the transitions between disciplinary literacies, primarily addressing how ideas are communicated and which types of semiotic representations are valued, required, and ignored by the different cultures that come into play both prior and during a student’s engineering education. Specifically, it addresses navigation: Across secondary to postsecondary institutional expectations, contrasting common curricular experiences of secondary students and postsecondary curricular expectations. Between and within disciplines (including mathematics and science), which often have different ways of communicating and representing a single concept, especially in theoretical applications and practical calculations. From the traditional pedagogies of classrooms to the different methods and expectations of laboratory settings (for example, collaborative engagement in planning, experimentation, an understanding of experimental error, and an understanding of how all three are communicated and represented).
Pre-publication version of USERS ARE NOT THE ENEMY CACM 1999

Many system security departments treat users as a security risk to be controlled. The general consensus is that most users are careless and unmotivated when it comes to system security. In a recent study, we found that users may indeed compromise computer security mechanisms, such as password authentication, both knowing and unknowingly. A closer analysis, however, revealed that such behavior is often caused by the way in which security mechanisms are implemented, and users’ lack of knowledge. We argue that to change this state of affairs, security departments need to communicate more with users, and adopt a user-centered design approach.
A Mental Health and Parenting Intervention for Adolescent and Young Adult Mothers and their Infants

Purpose: Adolescent girls with mental illness are at heightened risk for unplanned pregnancies, which often disrupts typical psychological development, relationship formation, access to support systems, and school performance. Thus, adolescent mothers face many challenges while parenting in addition to coping with mental health concerns. Without interventions, adolescent mothers may put themselves and their children at risk and face further challenges than their non-parent or older counterparts. Method: The Mom Power program (MP) is a treatment engagement intervention for young mothers and their children, developed through a University-Community Partnership in Michigan. The program is designed to engage young mothers in mental health services, provide developmental and parenting guidance, teach self-care skills, increase social support, and provide hands-on parenting practice. Results: Preliminary feasibility data support MP as an effective intervention for adolescent mothers by reducing selfreported symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). MP is effective at increasing parenting competence, social support and connection to care in a high-risk population of young mothers compared to a demographically similar group of young mothers that did not complete the intervention. Conclusion: Mom Power is a short-term attachment-based psycho-educational parenting and self-care skills group for adolescent mothers. Comprehensive models like the MP Program are vital in reaching out to the needs of young mothers and their babies in an effort to decrease mental health symptoms and increase positive parenting skills
Cross-corpus analysis for acoustic recognition of negative interactions

Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in recognizing emotions and events based on speech. One of the applications of such systems is automatically detecting when a situations gets out of hand and human intervention is needed. Most studies have focused on increasing recognition accuracies using parts of the same dataset for training and testing. However, this says little about how such a trained system is expected to perform `in the wild'. In this paper we present a cross-corpus study using the audio part of three multimodal datasets containing negative human-human interactions. We present intra- and cross-corpus accuracies whilst manipulating the acoustic features, normalization schemes, and oversampling of the least represented class to alleviate the negative effects of data unbalance. We observe a decrease in performance when disjunct corpora are used for training and testing. Merging two datasets for training results in a slightly lower performance than the best one obtained by using only one corpus for training. A hand crafted low dimensional feature set shows competitive behavior when compared to a brute force high dimensional features vector. Corpus normalization and artificially creating samples of the sparsest class have a positive effect.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF MULTIHOP WIRELESS MOBILE AH-HOC ROUTING PROTOCOLS

As of date, wireless communication is one of the most demanding areas of research within networking, with many proposed, but unverified protocols. The success of the proposed protocols depends on the availability of robust implementations that enable both real-time test beds and non-real time simulations. Wireless ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized administration or standard support services regularly available on conventional networks. Routing in wireless ad-hoc networks is nontrivial due to highly dynamic environment. In recent years several routing protocols targeted at mobile ad-hoc networks are being proposed and prominent among them are DSDV, AODV and DSR. The performance comparison of these protocols considering all the characteristics that should be possessed by routing protocols is the fundamental step towards the invention of new routing protocol. This paper does the detailed comprehensive analysis of routing protocols using ns2 simulator. All protocols are provided with identical traffic load and mobility patterns. Results indicate that the performance of DSR is the best among all routing protocols.
Dynamic shortest path tree update for multiple link state decrements

Previous approaches for the shortest path tree (SPT) dynamic update have mainly focused on the case of one link state change. Little work has been done on the problem of deriving a new SPT based on its old one for multiple link state decrements in a network that applies link-state routing protocols. The complexity of this problem comes from there being no accurate boundary of nodes to be updated in an updating process and that multiple decrements can be accumulated. Two dynamic algorithms (MaxR, MinD) are proposed to reduce the times for node updating. Compared with other algorithms for the SPT update of multiple edge weight decrements, our algorithms yield fewer times for node updates during the dynamic update process. Such an achievement is attained by the mechanism of part node updating in a branch on the SPT after a particular node selection from a built node list. Simulation results are given to show our improvements.
Absence of Mutations in Exon 6 of the TARDBP Gene in 207 Chinese Patients with Sporadic Amyotrohic Lateral Sclerosis

Mutations in the TARDBP gene, which encodes the Tar DNA binding protein, have been shown to causes of both familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS). Recently, several novel TARDBP exon 6 mutants have been reported in patients with ALS in Europe and America but not in Asia. To further examine the spectrum and frequency of TARDBP exon 6 mutations, we investigated their frequency in ethnic Chinese patients with sporadic ALS. TARDBP exon 6 was screened by direct sequencing in 207 non-SOD1 SALS patients and 230 unrelated healthy controls but no mutations were identified. Our data indicate that exon 6 mutations in TARDBP are not a common cause of SALS in Han Chinese population from Southern Mainland China.
D-branes and NSNS and RR fluxes

We discuss type IIB orientifolds with D-branes, and NSNS and RR field strength fluxes. The D-brane sectors lead to open string spectra with non-abelian gauge symmetry and charged chiral fermions. The closed string field strengths generate a scalar potential stabilizing most moduli. We describe the construction of N = 1 supersymmetric models in the context of orientifolds of IIB theory on T 6 /(Z 2 × Z 2), containing D9-branes with world-volume magnetic fluxes, and illustrate model building possibilities with several explicit examples. We comment on a T-dual picture with D8-branes on non-Calabi-Yau half-flat geometries, and discuss some of the topological properties of such configurations. We also explore the construction of models with fluxes and with D3-branes at singularities and present a non-supersymmetric 3-family SU (5) model. One of the most remarkable features of string theory is that, despite its complexity , it admits vacua with low-enery physics surprisingly close to the structure of observed particles and interactions. In particular there exist by now several classes of setups (e.g. heterotic compactifications, type II models with D-branes at singularities, or intersecting D-branes, compactifications of Horava-Witten theory, etc) leading to four-dimensional gravitational and non-abelian gauge interactions, with charged chiral fermions. Within each class, particular explicit models with spectrum very close to that of the (Minimal Supersymmetric) Standard Model have been constructed. On the other hand, a generic feature of all these constructions, is the existence of a(n often large) number of moduli, which remain massless in the construction (unless some su-persymmetry breaking mechanism is proposed). From this viewpoint these models are relatively far from describing physics similar to the observed world. Recently, it has been shown that, in the setup of Calabi-Yau compactification of type II string theory (or also M-theory), there exists a natural mechanism which stabilizes most moduli of the compactification. This is achieved by considering compactifications with non-trivial field strength fluxes for closed string p-form fields. This proposal has been already explored in different setups, leading to large classes of models with very few unstabilized moduli. Hence this mechanism is one of the most interesting recent insights to address the long-standing problems of moduli in phenomenological string models. Unfortunately, compactifications with NSNS and RR field strength fluxes have centered on simple models, which lead to uninteresting gauge sectors, from the phenomenological viewpoint. In particular, the class of models studied are naturally non-chiral, since the corresponding gauge sectors arise from …