Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rapid tests for detection of ciprofloxacin residues in liquid milk

A total of 234 randomly selected milk samples from different sources (110, 50, 34 and 40 samples) from each of (market milk, collecting centers, bulk tank and UHT milk samples; respectively) were analyzed for the quinolones residues by rapid quinolones detection strip test. Results revealed that 17.3%, 14% and 20.6% of milk samples were positive for the presence of quinolones residues for market milk, collecting centers and bulk tank milk samples; respectively, while not detected in UHT milk samples. The positive milk samples were subjected to HPLC analysis for quantitative detection of ciprofloxacin residues, which were present in 11.8%, 8%, and 8.8% for market milk, collecting centers and bulk tank milk samples; respectively, with mean values of 17.37± 0.27, 18.02±0.7 and 17.79± 0.75 ppb; respectively. None of them had a concentration exceeded the maximum residual limit set by different international standards. Public health importance of ciprofloxacin residues was discussed.
Exhaustive Geometric Veriﬁcation for Image Retrieval Accepted for ECCV 2012

The overreaching goals in large-scale image retrieval are bigger, better and cheaper. For systems based on local features we show how to get both eﬃcient geometric veriﬁcation of every match and unprecedented speed for the low sparsity situation. Large-scale systems based on quantized local features usually process the index one term at a time, forcing two separate scoring steps: First, a scoring step to ﬁnd candidates with enough matches, and then a geometric veriﬁcation step where a subset of the candidates are checked. Our method searches through the index a document at a time, verifying the geometry of every candidate in a single pass. We study the behavior of several algorithms with respect to index density—a key element for large-scale databases. In order to further improve the eﬃciency we also introduce a new new data structure, called the counting min-tree, which outperforms other approaches when working with low database density, a necessary condition for very large-scale systems. We demonstrate the eﬀectiveness of our approach with a proof of concept system that can match an image against a database of more than 90 billion images in just a few seconds.
USEFULNESS OF FDG-PET TO DIAGNOSE INTRAVASCULAR LYMPHOMA WITH ENCEPHALOPATHY AND RENAL INVOLVEMENT

Abstract Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is a rare subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. It is characterized by proliferation of neoplastic lymphoid cells almost exclusively within the lumina of small blood vessels. It can affect virtually every organ system. Due to its rarity and its diverse and heterogeneous clinical presentation, diagnosis is difficult and often made post-mortem. When diagnosed early, it is, however, potentially treatable. We present a young woman with longstanding constitutional symptoms, positive antinuclear antibody, elevated LDH levels and rapidly progressive encephalopathy. FDG-PET scan showed intense uptake in the renal cortex, which prompted us to perform a kidney biopsy which was compatible with IVL. The value of PET in establishing the diagnosis of this rare disease will be discussed.
Two-photon single-cell optogenetic control of neuronal activity by sculpted light

Recent advances in optogenetic techniques have generated new tools for controlling neuronal activity, with a wide range of neuroscience applications. The most commonly used approach has been the optical activation of the light-gated ion channel channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). However, targeted single-cell-level optogenetic activation with temporal precessions comparable to the spike timing remained challenging. Here we report fast (≤1 ms), selective, and targeted control of neuronal activity with single-cell resolution in hippocampal slices. Using temporally focused laser pulses (TEFO) for which the axial beam profile can be controlled independently of its lateral distribution, large numbers of channels on individual neurons can be excited simultaneously, leading to strong (up to 15 mV) and fast (≤1 ms) depolarizations. Furthermore, we demonstrated selective activation of cellular compartments, such as dendrites and large presynaptic terminals, at depths up to 150 μm. The demonstrated spatiotemporal resolution and the selectivity provided by TEFO allow manipulation of neuronal activity, with a large number of applications in studies of neuronal microcircuit function in vitro and in vivo.
Alpha-bungarotoxin binding to hippocampal interneurons: immunocytochemical characterization and effects on growth factor expression

The nicotinic cholinergic antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha-BT) binds throughout the rat hippocampal formation. The binding is displaceable by d-tubocurarine. The most heavily labeled cells are GABA- containing interneurons in the dentate and in Ammon's horn. These neurons have several different morphologies and contain several neuropeptides. alpha-BT-labeled interneurons in the dentate are small cells between the granular and molecular layers that often contain neuropeptide Y. alpha-BT-labeled interneurons in CA1 are medium-sized interneurons, occasionally found in stratum pyramidale, but more often found in stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum moleculare. These neurons often contain cholecystokinin. The largest alpha-BT-labeled interneurons are found in CA3, in both stratum radiatum and stratum lucidum. These neurons are multipolar and frequently are autofluorescent. They often contain somatostatin or cholecystokinin. These large interneurons have been found to receive medial septal innervation and may also have projections that provide inhibitory feedback directly to the medial septal nucleus. The cholinergic innervation of the hippocampus from the medial septal nucleus is under the trophic regulation of NGF and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, even in adult life. Expression of mRNA for both these factors is increased in CA3 and the dentate after intraventricular administration of alpha-BT, but not after administration of the muscarinic antagonist atropine. alpha-BT-sensitive cholinergic receptors on inhibitory interneurons may be critical to medial septal regulation of the hippocampal activity, including the habituation of response to sensory input.
Do the value, size and January effects exist on the JSE?

ABSTRACT This paper updates and expands the study done by Robins, Sandler and Durand (1999) in which they investigated whether or not the inter-relationships between the value, size and January effects can be detected on the JSE. The aim of this study is to investigate whether or not their findings can be corroborated in the first period and whether these effects can be detected in the second period. Therefore, the two periods used in this study are from January 1988 to December 1995 (chosen to coincide with Robins et al, 1999) and from January 1996 to December 2006. No significant value, size or January effects were found in either of the periods. This is partially consistent with Robins et al. (1999)'s findings in so far as they do not find significant value or size effects. However, unlike Robins et al. (1999), no January effect was evident in either period.
Stochastic Backpropagation through Mixture Density Distributions

The ability to backpropagate stochastic gradients through continuous latent distributions has been crucial to the emergence of variational autoencoders and stochastic gradient variational Bayes. The key ingredient is an unbiased and low-variance way of estimating gradients with respect to distribution parameters from gradients evaluated at distribution samples. The "reparameterization trick" provides a class of transforms yielding such estimators for many continuous distributions, including the Gaussian and other members of the location-scale family. However the trick does not readily extend to mixture density models, due to the difficulty of reparameterizing the discrete distribution over mixture weights. This report describes an alternative transform, applicable to any continuous multivariate distribution with a differentiable density function from which samples can be drawn, and uses it to derive an unbiased estimator for mixture density weight derivatives. Combined with the reparameterization trick applied to the individual mixture components, this estimator makes it straightforward to train variational autoencoders with mixture-distributed latent variables, or to perform stochastic variational inference with a mixture density variational posterior.
Eye localization based on correlation filter bank

Eye localization is a key step in many face analysis related applications. In this paper, we present a novel eye localization method based on a group of trained filters called correlation filter bank (CFB). We formulate the eye localization problem as an optimization problem with a well-defined cost function based on CFB. The CFB is trained with an EM-like adaptive clustering approach. The trained filter bank includes several discriminative filter templates, each of them suits to a different face condition from the others, thus can provide accurate eye localization ability for variable poses, appearances and illuminations. Simulation comparisons with cascade classifier-based method [1], traditional single correlation filter based methods [2][3] and pictorial structure model based method [4] demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method both in detection ratio and localization accuracy.
AAindex: Amino Acid Index Database

AAindex is a database of numerical indices representing various physicochemical and biochemical properties of amino acids and pairs of amino acids. It consists of two sections: AAindex1 for the amino acid index of 20 numerical values and AAindex2 for the amino acid mutation matrix of 210 numerical values. Each entry of either AAindex1 or AAindex2 consists of the definition, the reference information, a list of related entries in terms of the correlation coefficient, and the actual data. The database may be accessed through the DBGET/LinkDB system at GenomeNet (http://www.genome.ad. jp/dbget/) or may be downloaded by anonymous FTP (ftp://ftp.genome. ad.jp/db/genomenet/aaindex/).
Reporting Statistical Validity and Model Complexity in Machine Learning based Computational Studies

Background:: Statistical validity and model complexity are both important concepts to enhanced understanding and correctness assessment of computational models. However, information about these are often missing from publications applying machine learning. Aim: The aim of this study is to show the importance of providing details that can indicate statistical validity and complexity of models in publications. This is explored in the context of citation screening automation using machine learning techniques. Method: We built 15 Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, each developed using word2vec (average word) features --- and data for 15 review topics from the Drug Evaluation Review Program (DERP) of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Results: The word2vec features were found to be sufficiently linearly separable by the SVM and consequently we used the linear kernels. In 11 of the 15 models, the negative (majority) class used over 80% of its training data as support vectors (SVs) and approximately 45% of the positive training data. Conclusions: In this context, exploring the SVs revealed that the models are overly complex against ideal expectations of not more than 2%-5% (and preferably much less) of the training vectors.
Comparison of 1 and 2 days per week of strength training in children.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1 and 2 days per week of strength training on upper body strength, lower body strength, and motor performance ability in children. Twenty-one girls and 34 boys between the ages of 7.1 and 12.3 years volunteered to participate in this study. Participants strength trained either once per week (n = 22) or twice per week (n = 20) for 8 weeks at a community-based youth fitness center. Each training session consisted of a single set of 10-15 repetitions on 12 exercises using child-size weight machines. Thirteen children who did not strength train served as age-matched controls. One repetition maximum (1RM) strength on the chest press and leg press, handgrip strength, long jump, vertical jump, and flexibility were assessed at baseline and posttraining. Only participants who strength trained twice per week made significantly greater gains in 1RM chest press strength, compared to the control group (11.5 and 4.4% respectively, p < .05). Participants who trained once and twice per week made gains in 1RM leg press strength (14.2 and 24.7%, respectively) that were significantly greater than control group gains (2.4%). On average, participants who strength trained once per week achieved 67% of the 1RM strength gains. No significant differences between groups were observed on other outcome measures. These findings support the concept that muscular strength can be improved during the childhood years and favor a training frequency of twice per week for children participating in an introductory strength training program.
Origin of parathyroid hormone (PTH) fragments detected by intact-PTH assays.

BACKGROUND Intact parathyroid hormone (I-PTH) assays react with non-(1-84)PTH, large carboxyl-terminal (C) fragments with a partially preserved amino-terminal (N) structure. They account for up to 50% of I-PTH in renal failure and may be implicated in PTH resistance. We wanted to know if they were secreted by the parathyroid glands and generated by peripheral metabolism of PTH(1-84). METHODS Anesthetized normal and nephrectomized (NPX) rats were injected i.v. with 1.5 microg human (h) PTH(1-84). Blood was obtained from 8 rats at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 96 min. I-PTH (Allegro I-PTH) was measured in all samples. Pools of serum were fractionated by HPLC at each time point and the fractions assayed to quantitate hPTH(1-84) and non-(1-84)PTH. Secretion studies were performed with dispersed cells from 5 parathyroid adenomas. The serum of 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and cell supernatants were fractionated by HPLC and were analyzed as described. RESULTS hPTH(1-84) disappeared from serum biexponentially. The half-life of the first exponential was similar in normal (2.08 min) and NPX (1.94 min) rats, while that of the second was longer in NPX rats (32.4 vs 20.9 min). The residual quantity of hPTH(1-84) under the curve was greater in NPX (6964+/-2392 pmol) than in normal rats (3229+/-561 pmol; P<0.001). Non-(1-84)PTH concentration was maximal at 8 min in both groups and was higher in NPX (92.8+/-13.8 pmol/l) than in normal rats (38.8+/-7.2 pmol/l; P<0.01). The area under the curve of non-(1-84)PTH was also greater in NPX (1904+/-405 pmol) than in normal rats (664+/-168 pmol; P<0.001). All parathyroid adenomas secreted non-(1-84)PTH. It represented 21.1+/-3.9% of secreted and 32.5+/-1.3% of circulating I-PTH in primary hyperparathyroidism. CONCLUSIONS Non-(1-84)PTH, like other C-PTH fragments, originates from both the peripheral metabolism of hPTH(1-84) and from parathyroid gland secretion. Renal failure influences its concentration by increasing the amount of substrate available and by reducing non-(1-84)PTH clearance. Its higher proportion in serum relative to cell supernatants in primary hyperparathyroidism reflects the added role of peripheral metabolism and the longer half-life of fragments.
Resolution of the Frequency Diverse Metamaterial Aperture Imager

The resolution of a frequency diverse compressive metamaterial aperture imager is investigated. The aperture consists of a parallel plate waveguide, in which an array of complementary, resonant metamaterial elements is patterned into one of the plates. Microwaves injected into the waveguide leak out through the resonant metamaterial elements, forming a spatially diverse waveform at the scene. As the frequency is scanned, the waveforms change, such that scene information can be encoded onto a set of frequency measurements. The compressive nature of the metamaterial imager enables image reconstruction from a significantly reduced number of measurements. We characterize the resolution of this complex aperture by studying the simulated point spread function (PSF) computed using different image reconstruction techniques. We compare the imaging performance of the system with that expected from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) limits.
Comorbid anxiety disorder in late life depression: association with memory decline over four years

In elderly persons with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), coexisting Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Panic Disorder (PD) is associated with more severe symptoms and poorer short‐term treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether comorbid GAD or PD was associated with poorer long‐term outcomes of late‐life MDD, in terms of symptoms, functional disability, and cognitive status.
A new computation method for the force-closure workspace of cable-driven parallel manipulators

SUMMARY For cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs), it is known that maintaining positive cable tension is critical in constraining the moving platform. Hence, the force-closure workspace of CDPMs represents a set of poses where the cable tensions can balance arbitrary external wrench applied on the moving platform, proposed by researchers. A new computation method for the force-closure workspace of CDPMs is developed in this paper, and the new method is realized by calculating the null space of the structure matrix and solving the linear matrix inequalities. The detailed calculation procedures of the force-closure workspace for the incompletely restrained, completely restrained, and redundantly restrained CDPMs are given, respectively, and the advantages of the new method are analyzed according to the time complexity. The simulation experiments of the force-closure workspace computation are implemented on a six-degree of freedom (6-DOF) CDPM with eight cables, and then the superiority of the new method over the existing algorithm is studied.
Chemical anatomy of the human paraventricular thalamic nucleus

The paraventricular thalamic nucleus (Pa) lies in the most medial aspect of the thalamus and is considered one of the midline thalamic nuclei. In the present study, we carried out histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures in the Pa of normal individuals to visualize the pattern of distribution of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), calbindin D‐28k (CB), parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), limbic system‐associated membrane protein (LAMP), substance P (SP), and enkephalin (ENK). Other cytoarchitectural and myeloarchitectural techniques, such as Nissl and Gallyas, were also employed to delineate the boundaries of the Pa. The main findings of this study are: 1) AChE staining in the Pa was heterogeneously distributed along its anteroposterior and mediolateral axes; 2) the Pa harbored numerous CB‐ and CR‐immunoreactive (ir) cells and neuropil, but this nucleus was largely devoid of PV; 3) the Pa was highly enriched in LAMP and this protein appeared uniformly distributed through its whole extent; and, 4) the SP and ENK immunoreactivities in the Pa revealed numerous highly varicose fibers scattered throughout this nucleus, but no stained cells. This morphological study demonstrates that the Pa is a heterogeneous chemical structure in humans. The functional significance of these results is discussed in the light of similar data gathered in several mammalian species. Synapse 51:173–185, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BAX/BAK–Independent Mitoptosis during Cell Death Induced by Proteasome Inhibition?

Proteasome inhibitors induce rapid death of cancer cells. We show that in epithelial cancer cells, such death is associated with dramatic and simultaneous up-regulation of several BH3-only proteins, including BIK, BIM, MCL-1S, NOXA, and PUMA, as well as p53. Elevated levels of these proteins seem to be the result of direct inhibition of their proteasomal degradation, induction of transcription, and active translation. Subsequent cell death is independent of BAX, and probably BAK, and proceeds through the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. We identify the cascade of molecular events responsible for cell death induced by a prototypical proteasome inhibitor, MG132, starting with rapid accumulation of BH3-only proteins in the mitochondria, proceeding through mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and subsequent loss of ΔΨm, and leading to irreversible changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure, degradation of mitochondrial network, and detrimental impairment of crucial mitochondrial functions. Our results also establish a rationale for the broader use of proteasome inhibitors to kill apoptosis-resistant tumor cells that lack functional BAX/BAK proteins. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(8):1268–84)
Hysterese Im Agraraussenhandel: Analyse Europäischer Weinexporte In Die Usa

Es steht auser Frage, dass Wechselkursschwankungen Exportentscheidungen beeinflussen. Ob dies aber ein linearer Einfluss ist, darf bezweifelt werden. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht ob der reale Eurowechselkurs zum US-Dollar hysteretisch auf Exportwerte einwirkt. Hysterese stellt eine besondere Form nichtlinearer Pfadabhangigkeit dar. Um diese Fragestellung zu untersuchten wird das Preisachverfahren herangezogen. Es wird eine Art gefilterter Wechselkurs abgeleitet, die Preisachvariable, die kleine Auf- und Abschwankungen ignoriert und nur grose Wechselkursanderungen widerspiegelt. Danach werden zwei Regressionsmodelle miteinander verglichen. Eines mit dem realen Wechselkurs als unabhangiger Variable und eines mit der Preisachvariablen anstelle des Wechselkurses. Sobald diese Ersetzung das Modell verbessert, spricht man von Hysterese. Erprobt wird dieses Verfahren an Exportwerten der europaischen Weinerzeugerlander Italien, Spanien und Frankreich in die USA. Da der Markteintritt auf den US Weinmarkt mit versunkenen Kosten verbunden ist, sind die Voraussetzungen fur das Auftreten von Hysterese gegeben. In der Tat wird Hysterese durch das Preisachmodell fur Exporte aus Italien und Spanien aufgedeckt, wahrend fur Frankreich keine empirische Evidenz uber das Auftreten von Hysterese nachzuweisen ist.
Feedback Implementation of Zermelo's Optimal Control by Sugeno Approximation

This paper proposes an approach to implement optimal control laws of nonlinear systems in real time. Our methodology does not require solving two-point boundary value problems online and may not require it off-line either. The optimal control law is learned using the original Sugeno controller (OSC) from a family of optimal trajectories. We compare the trajectories generated by the OSC and the trajectories yielded by the optimal feedback control law when applied to Zermelo's ship steering problem.
A tale of two superpotentials : Stability and instability in designer gravity

We investigate the stability of asymptotically anti-de Sitter gravity coupled to tachyonic scalar fields with mass at or slightly above the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound. The boundary conditions in these “designer gravity” theories are defined in terms of an arbitrary function W. Previous work had suggested that the energy in designer gravity is bounded below if (i) W has a global minimum and (ii) the scalar potential admits a superpotential P. More recently, however, certain solutions were found (numerically) to violate the proposed energy bound. We resolve the discrepancy by observing that a given scalar potential can admit two possible branches of the corresponding superpotential, P±. When there is a P- branch, we rigorously prove a lower bound on the energy; the P+ branch alone is not sufficient. Our numerical investigations (i) confirm this picture, (ii) confirm other critical aspects of the (complicated) proofs, and (iii) suggest that the existence of P- may in fact be necessary (as well as sufficient) for the energy of a designer gravity theory to be bounded below