Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Manganese Lipoxygenase of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae*

Lipoxygenases (LOX) are non-heme metal enzymes, which oxidize polyunsaturated fatty acids to hydroperoxides. All LOX belong to the same gene family, and they are widely distributed. LOX of animals, plants, and prokaryotes contain iron as the catalytic metal, whereas fungi express LOX with iron or with manganese. Little is known about metal selection by LOX and the adjustment of the redox potentials of their protein-bound catalytic metals. Thirteen three-dimensional structures of animal, plant, and prokaryotic FeLOX are available, but none of MnLOX. The MnLOX of the most important plant pathogen, the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (Mo), was expressed in Pichia pastoris. Mo-MnLOX was deglycosylated, purified to homogeneity, and subjected to crystal screening and x-ray diffraction. The structure was solved by sulfur and manganese single wavelength anomalous dispersion to a resolution of 2.0 Å. The manganese coordinating sphere is similar to iron ligands of coral 8R-LOX and soybean LOX-1 but is not overlapping. The Asn-473 is positioned on a short loop (Asn-Gln-Gly-Glu-Pro) instead of an α-helix and forms hydrogen bonds with Gln-281. Comparison with FeLOX suggests that Phe-332 and Phe-525 might contribute to the unique suprafacial hydrogen abstraction and oxygenation mechanism of Mo-MnLOX by controlling oxygen access to the pentadiene radical. Modeling suggests that Arg-525 is positioned close to Arg-182 of 8R-LOX, and both residues likely tether the carboxylate group of the substrate. An oxygen channel could not be identified. We conclude that Mo-MnLOX illustrates a partly unique variation of the structural theme of FeLOX.
Role of Toxoplasma gondii myosin A in powering parasite gliding and host cell invasion

Obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasites rely on gliding motion powered by their actomyosin system to disperse throughout tissues and to penetrate host cells. Toxoplasma gondii myosin A has been implicated in this process, but direct proof has been lacking. We designed a genetic screen to generate a tetracycline-inducible transactivator system in T. gondii. The MyoA gene was disrupted in the presence of a second regulatable copy of MyoA. Conditional removal of this myosin caused severe impairment in host cell invasion and parasite spreading in cultured cells, and unambiguously established the pathogenic function of this motor in an animal model. MEISSNER, Markus, SCHLÜTER, Dirk, SOLDATI-FAVRE, Dominique. Role of Toxoplasma gondii myosin A in powering parasite gliding and host cell invasion. Science, 2002, vol. 298, no.
Human to animal transmission of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in a turkey breeder flock in Norway

ABSTRACT Introduction: Routine surveillance samples disclosed seropositivity to influenza A virus (IAV) in a Norwegian turkey breeder flock. Simultaneous reports of influenza-like symptoms in farm workers and a laboratory confirmed influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (H1N1pdm09) infection in one person led to the suspicion of a H1N1pdm09 infection in the turkeys. Animals and methods: H1N1pdm09 infection was confirmed by a positive haemaggutinin inhibition test using H1N1pdm09 antigens, and detection of H1N1pdm09 nucleic acid in reproductive organs of turkey hens. The flock showed no clinical signs except for a temporary drop in egg production. Previous reports of H1N1pdm09 infection in turkeys suggested human-to-turkey transmission (anthroponosis) during artificial insemination. Results and discussion: The flock remained seropositive to IAV and the homologous H1N1pdm09 antigen throughout the following 106 days, with decreasing seroprevalence over time. IAV was not detected in fertilised eggs or in turkey poults from the farm, however, maternally derived antibodies against H1N1pdm09 were found in egg yolks and in day-old poults. Genetic analyses of haemagglutinin gene sequences from one of the infected farm workers and turkeys revealed a close phylogenetic relationship, and confirmed human-to-turkey virus transmission.
Perimenopausal Mental Disorders: Epidemiology and Phenomenology

Abstract Perimenopause, the interval of irregular menstrual activity which directly precedes menopause, is characterized by widely fluctuating hormone levels amidst a large-scale decline in circulating estrogen. This phase in a woman's life is typically accompanied by physical discomforts including vasomotor symptoms, such as headaches, insomnia, and hot flushes, as well as genital atrophy. Not surprisingly, studies suggest a significant increase in mood lability for women during this time. While some evidence points toward an exacerbation of bipolar mood symptoms and an increase in schizophrenic psychosis during perimenopause, the majority of research conducted on perimenopausal mental disorders has focused on unipolar depression. Studies vary widely in methodology, definitions of menopausal status, and degrees of depression among subjects; however, the majority of findings indicate an increased susceptibility to depression during the perimenopausal transition. This greater susceptibility may be due to neuroendocrine effects of declining estrogen levels, the subjective experience of somatic symptoms resulting from this hormonal decline, and/or the more frequent occurrence of “exit” or “loss” events for women during this stage of life. At this time, more research is needed to address questions of prevalence, risk, and etiology for depression and other major mental disorders as related to the physiological and psychosocial changes associated with perimenopause.
Detection of synchronization signals in reuse-1 LTE networks

Robust time and frequency synchronization is an essential requirement for a successful cell search in cellular networks like LTE (Long Term Evolution). High level of co-channel interference experienced in spectrally efficient deployments (Frequency reuse-1) can adversely affect reliable detection of synchronization sequences. Different solutions for the detection of LTE Primary Synchronization Signals (P-SS) are proposed and evaluated in this paper. The global approach consisting in a matched filter or decorrelator based detection module, followed by a decisional entity exhibits good performance: very fast convergence and robustness to interference in different channel conditions. Simulations demonstrate satisfactory detection probabilities from 7dB Signal to Interference ratio. In addition, low complexity and capacity to adapt to any propagation conditions are further important advantages of the proposed solution.
Sensitive Radioimmunoassay for Detection of O6-Ethyldeoxyguanosine in D N A Exposed to the Carcinogen Ethylnitrosourea in vivo or in vitro

O8-ethyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (O8-EtdGuo) is a major premutational product formed in both intracellular DNA and in purified DNA in vitro, after exposure to the potent alkylating carcinogen N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (EtNU). Antibodies directed against O8-EtdGuo were obtained by immunizing rabbits with a conjungate of O6-EtGuo and bovine serum albumin. In a competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA), with O8-Et[8,5′·3H]dGuo as a tracer and various alkylated and natural nucleic acid components as inhibitors, these antibodies show high specificity for O6-EtdGuo and detect this product at a level of 0.3 picomol (antibody association constant, 7×108l/mol). In a sample of 130 μg of hydrolyzed DNA, O6-EtdGuo can thus be measured at a molar ratio of O8-EtdGuo/2′- deoxyguanosine of about 3×10-8, i. e. , about 5×103 O8-EtdGuo molecules per diploid cell. Examples are given for the quantitation of Oe-EtdGuo in DNA exposed to EtNU in vivo or in vitro.
Accuracy of an indirect calorimeter for mechanically ventilated infants and children: The influence of low rates of gas exchange and varying Fio2

ObjectiveTo test the accuracy and validity of the Deltatrac II MBM-200 metabolic monitor for use in mechanically ventilated infants and children in the pediatric intensive care unit. DesignLaboratory validation of an indirect calorimeter with a ventilated lung model. The influence of low tidal volumes and low levels of oxygen consumption (&OV0312;o2) and carbon dioxide production (&OV0312;co2) in combination with different levels of inspired oxygen concentrations (Fio2) was investigated. SettingUniversity research laboratory. SubjectsLow tidal volumes were provided with two intermittent flow types of ventilators, a Servo 300 and a Servo 900C. InterventionsA butane flame with a &OV0312;o2 approximating 20 mL/min and 40 mL/min was ventilated. To investigate the effect of different levels of Fio2 on the accuracy of &OV0312;o2, &OV0312;co2, and respiratory quotient (RQ), measurements were performed at Fio2 target values of 0.25, 0.40, and 0.60. Measurements and Main ResultsNo significant differences were found between the ventilators regarding &OV0312;o2, &OV0312;co2, and RQ measurements. The mean deviation of &OV0312;o2 increased significantly with increasing Fio2 to −7.98% with a &OV0312;o2 of 21.0 mL/min and to −8.46% with a &OV0312;o2 of 38.9 mL/min (Fio2, 0.558) with a variability (2 sd) of ± 4.86% and ± 6.82%, respectively. The mean deviation and variability of &OV0312;co2 in all tests remained within 8%. The mean deviation of RQ increased significantly with increasing Fio2 to 5.5% with a &OV0312;o2 of 21.0 mL/min and to 5.69% with a &OV0312;o2 of 38.9 mL/min (Fio2, 0.558) with a variability (2 sd) of ± 5.62% and ± 5.76%, respectively. The minute to minute delivered Fio2 fluctuated significantly when increasing the level of Fio2. ConclusionsThe Deltatrac II MBM-200 metabolic monitor appears accurate for low levels of &OV0312;o2 and &OV0312;co2 during mechanical ventilation with Fio2 levels up to 0.390. With increasing Fio2 to 0.558, the increase in deviation of &OV0312;o2 for single measurements can be of clinical relevance for mechanically ventilated infants and children. The increased fluctuation of delivered Fio2 on higher levels of Fio2 is likely the cause of the inaccuracy.
Organisation et intensité du travail

Beaucoup de salaries trouvent leur travail plus dur, plus prenant, meme s'il est aussi parfois plus interessant. Mais l'organisation de l'economie et celle de l'entreprise changent et la nature de l'intensite du travail change en meme temps. Prendre la mesure des liens qui unissent aujourd'hui organisation et intensite du travail exige de confronter des approches multiples, de rapprocher des travaux realises sur des terrains differents, par des methodes diverses et s'inspirant d'une pluralite de disciplines et de postures theoriques. Ecrits par des economistes, des ergonomes, des gestionnaires, des juristes, des psychologues et des sociologues allemands, americains, australiens, belges, britanniques, canadiens, francais, italiens et suedois, plusieurs dizaines de contributions font le point des connaissances et temoignent de la vitalite des recherches dans le domaine et de la vivacite des debats. Les articles composant cet ouvrage sont issus de communications a un colloque international sur l'intensite, l'organisation et la qualite du travail, organise par le CEE, le Latts ainsi que le Cepremap et l'Ecole doctorale Entreprise-Travail Emploi. Ce colloque a beneficie du soutien materiel et financier de la Fondation europeenne pour l'amelioration des conditions de travail, de l'ACI travail (ministere de la Recherche), de la Dares (ministere du Travail) et de l'Inra. (presentation editeur)
Mining for Safety using Interactive Trace Analysis

This paper presents the results of a trace-based study of object and reference properties on a subset of the DaCapo benchmark suite with the intent to uncover facts about programs that can be leveraged by type systems, compilers and run-times. In particular, we focus on aliasing, and immutability, based on their recent application in the literature. To facilitate analyses like this one, we previously created Spencer (http://spencer-t.racing, [8]), a web based tool and API that hosts dynamic trace data and enables researchers to query and analyse the data. In this paper we only use data that are openly accessible via Spencer’s API – all code written for this paper (not counting Spencer itself) amounts to 13 lines of bash and 260 lines of python to plot the results. We find that while Java allows aliasing and mutation by default, objects are often unique, unique on the heap, immutable, or stack-bound – 97.7% of objects fulfill at least one of these properties. Furthermore, uniqueness and immutability, or their absence, are class-properties, not object-properties: e.g.,, it is surprisingly rare for classes to produce both immutable and mutable instances. Although we use a different, more fine-grained, methodology, our findings confirm prior results.
Building Regional Capacities for GEOSS and INSPIRE: a journey in the Black Sea Catchment

To understand environmental systems like the Black Sea catchment, it is required to gather and integrate different datasets. However, data discoverability, accessibility and integration are among the most frequent difficulties that scientists are regularly facing. To tackle these issues, capacity building (at human, institutional, and technical levels) is recognized as a key enabler to raise awareness and create commitments on the benefits of data sharing and publication using interoperable services. In this paper, we present experiences and lessons learnt in the frame of the EU FP7 project enviroGRIDS in developing a network of GEO partners and an efficient strategy to build capacities of scientists from different countries in the Black Sea region. As a result, 27 services, providing access to more than 300 (local or regional) environmental datasets corresponding to around 300’000 layers, are currently registered into the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). Finally, we discuss the added value for stakeholders in the region to participate into GEOSS and the European directive on data sharing INSPIRE, and how to improve its visibility and credibility in the research community, among potential end users.
Suicide Attempts after Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

A higher risk of suicidal attempt after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been consistently reported. We retrospectively analyzed 3 PD patients with suicide attempts after STN-DBS. All patients had normal pre- and immediate postoperative psychopathological and cognitive evaluations, with STN-DBS yielding a good motor benefit. Levodopa medication was markedly reduced. Albeit there was a significant reduction in dopaminergic medication, there was also a considerable time lag to suicide attempt. Impulsive behavior could have played a higher role, going unnoticed in punctual psychopathological examinations. STN-DBS patients need a closer postoperative psychiatric and behavioral follow-up.
Striving for Balance: Palliative Care Patients’ Experiences of Making Everyday Choices

A fundamental principle of palliative care is the provision of patient-centred care, an approach explicitly based on the patient's perspective. Although much attention has been given to determining patients’ preferences for involvement in medical decisions, choices related to personal and nursing care routines have been largely ignored in the literature. Data from participant observations of nurse-patient interactions involving 16 palliative care patients and their nurses as well as 10 in-depth open-ended interviews with patients were analyzed using grounded theory methods. Although the choices made by patients appeared uncomplicated on the surface, the context of unfamiliarity, uncertainty, and unpredictability in palliative care increased the underlying complexity of decision making. Through a process of deliberation and trade-offs, patients attempted to regain or maintain some balance in their lives. This process of striving for balance consisted of three overlapping phases: weighing things up, communicating choice, and living with one's choices.
Current biasing a multilayered device as a boundary condition for inhomogeneous nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory

Recently, nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory was developed as a new technique to solve the bulk nonequilibrium many-body problem. The computational effort needed to solve the nonequilibrium problem in the bulk is similar to the efforts needed to solve the inhomogeneous multilayered problem for current flow perpendicular to the planes. Because the leads provide the appropriate boundary conditions for the open system, one can directly solve for the steady state within a frequency representation, and thereby obtain the current-voltage relation for the device. Here we discuss the problem of determining the boundary condition for the Green’s functions, which can be used to determine the so-called self-energy of the leads, which is a critical step needed in this problem.
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) endocytosis in kidney epithelial cells: AQP2 is located in ‘endocytosis‐resistant’ membrane domains after vasopressin treatment

Background information. Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) plays an important, VP (vasopressin)‐regulated role in water reabsorption by the kidney. The amount of AQP2 expressed at the surface of principal cells results from an equilibrium between the AQP2 in intracellular vesicles and the AQP2 on the plasma membrane. VP shifts the equilibrium in favour of the plasma membrane and this allows osmotic equilibration to occur between the collecting duct lumen and the interstitial space. Membrane accumulation of AQP2 could result from a VP‐induced increase in exocytosis, a decrease in endocytosis, or both. In the present study, we further investigated AQP2 accumulation at the cell surface, and compared it with V2R (VP type 2 receptor) trafficking using cells that express epitope‐tagged AQP2 and V2R.
Teachers as scholars of their students' conceptions of learning: a Hong Kong investigation.

BACKGROUND The need for effective teachers to reflect on their students' thinking is now generally recognized. Moreover, the study of students' conceptions of learning and their impact on learning outcomes has become a popular area of research. But are teachers aware of their students' conceptions and do they reflect on them when planning their teaching? AIMS This paper reports two interview studies of Hong Kong teachers designed to find out whether they considered their views of learning differed from those their students held and if they took into account any such differences in their teaching. SAMPLE In Study 1 and Study 2 the interviewees were 30 and 32 Hong Kong secondary school teachers, respectively. These teachers varied widely in terms of their teaching experience, subject areas, and the ages and ability grouping of the students they taught. METHOD In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in Cantonese and transcribed into English by a class of trained Chinese post-graduate students of education using a phenomenographic approach. The transcripts were analysed independently by groups of 4-5 of the interviewers and the author. RESULTS The conceptions of learning espoused by Hong Kong Chinese teachers interviewed in both studies were similar to those reported in the literature for more advanced Western students and their teachers. However, they perceived the great majority of their students to hold much less sophisticated views. Twenty-one of the 32 teachers interviewed in Study 2 claimed to take differences between their own and their students' views of learning into account when planning their teaching. But in most cases it seemed that they were simply trying to adapt their teaching according to their perception of their students' ability and motivation levels. Implications for educational reform in Hong Kong are discussed.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: the severe form is associated with common variants of the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter ABCB4 gene

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is characterised by troublesome maternal pruritus, raised serum bile acid levels and increased fetal risk. Mutations of the ABCB4 gene encoding the hepatobiliary phospholipid transporter have been identified in a small proportion of patients with cholestasis of pregnancy. In a recent prospective study on 693 patients with cholestasis of pregnancy, a cut-off level for serum bile acid (⩾40 μmol/l) was determined for increased risk of fetal complications. Objectives: To investigate whether common combinations of polymorphic alleles (haplotypes) of the genes encoding the hepatobiliary ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters for phospholipids (ABCB4) and bile acids (ABCB11) were associated with this severe form of cholestasis of pregnancy. Methods: For genetic analysis, 52 women with bile acid levels ⩾40 μmol/l (called cases) and 52 unaffected women (called controls) matched for age, parity and geographical residence were studied. Gene variants tagging common ABCB4 and ABCB11 haplotypes were genotyped and haplotype distributions were compared between cases and controls by permutation testing. Results: In contrast with ABCB11 haplotypes, ABCB4 haplotypes differed between the two groups (p = 0.019), showing that the severe form of cholestasis of pregnancy is associated with the ABCB4 gene variants. Specifically, haplotype ABCB4_5 occurred more often in cases, whereas haplotypes ABCB4_3 and ABCB4_7 were more common in controls. These associations were reflected by different frequencies of at-risk alleles of the two tagging polymorphisms (c.711A: odds ratio (OR) 2.27, p = 0.04; deletion intron 5: OR 14.68, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Variants of ABCB4 represent genetic risk factors for the severe form of ICP in Sweden.
A Secure Anonymous Authentication Protocol for Mobile Services on Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Mobile user authentication is an essential topic to consider in the current communications technology due to greater deployment of handheld devices and advanced technologies. Memon et al. recently proposed an efficient and secure two-factor authentication protocol for location-based services using asymmetric key cryptography. Unlike their claims, the vigilant analysis of this paper substantiates that Memon et al.'s protocol has quite a few limitations such as vulnerability to key compromised impersonation attack, insecure password changing phase, imperfect mutual authentication, and vulnerability to insider attack. Furthermore, this paper proposes an enhanced secure authentication protocol for roaming services on elliptic curve cryptography. The proposed protocol is also a two-factor authentication protocol and is suitable for practical applications due to the composition of light-weight operations. The proposed protocol's formal security is verified using Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool to certify that the proposed protocol is free from security threats. The informal and formal security analyses along with the performance analysis sections determine that the proposed protocol performs better than Memon et al.'s protocol and other related protocols in terms of security and efficiency.