Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Implicit Preferences Inferred from Choice

A longstanding distinction in psychology is between implicit and explicit preferences. Implicit preferences are ordinarily measured by observing non-choice data, such as response time. In this paper we introduce a method for inferring implicit preferences directly from choices. The necessary assumption is that implicit preferences toward an attribute (e.g. gender, race, sugar) have a stronger effect when the attribute is mixed with others, and so the decision becomes less “revealing” about one’s preferences. We discuss reasons why preferences would have this property, advantages and disadvantages of this method relative to other measures of implicit preferences, and application to measuring implicit preferences in racial discrimination, self-control, and framing effects.
One in four California adolescent girls have had human papillomavirus vaccination.

This policy brief looks at awareness and utilization of the Human Papillomavirus vaccine among girls age 13 years and older as well as among young women. Interest in receiving the vaccine, as well reasons for not getting the vaccine, is also explored for teen girls, young women and the parents of age-eligible daughters. Using data from the 2007 California Health Interview Survey, the authors find that one-quarter of California adolescent girls have started the series of shots that protect against HPV, a virus strongly linked to cervical cancer. Additionally, a majority of teen girls, parents and young women in California say they would like to have the vaccine. The research represents the first data on HPV vaccine use and acceptability published for any state. This policy brief was funded by the National Cancer Institute.
Multiprotein Deposits in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Our Experience in the Tissue Brain Bank of Navarra

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders increases dramatically with advancing age. Although in recent decades the study of many neurodegenerative disorders has evolved greatly, the concept of neurodegeneration still remains elusive. Although neurodegenerative disorders are classified according to the major components of protein deposits, coexpression of several abnormal proteins in the brain tissue is more common than that was previously thought. The aim of this report is to describe the type of protein deposits found in brains with neuropathological diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease. The report shows the experience obtained in the Brain Bank of Navarra (Spain). The target population for this retrospective descriptive study comprised 178 brains autopsied in the “Hospital of Navarra” in Pamplona between 1994 and 2004 and 201 brains donated to the Brain Bank of Pamplona between 2004 and 2009. The diagnosis of the 201 brains from the Brain Bank was 62 (30.8%) Alzheimer's disease (AD), 43 (21.3%) multiprotein deposit, 31 (15.4%) α‐synucleinopathies, 31 (15.4%) frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), 17 (8.4%) tauopathies, 9 (4.4%) prion disease, 6 (2.9%) vascular dementia (VD), and 2 (0.9%) Huntington's disease. Among the 43 cases with multiprotein deposits, we found 35 brains with deposits of 3 proteins (tau, β‐amyloid, and α‐synuclein). In these two series of brains, the high incidence of deposition of multiple proteins in neurodegenerative disorders is shown. Our results are in agreement with previous findings showing that tau, β‐amyloid, and α‐synuclein are the proteins most frequently deposited together. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical 3D simulation of the light propagation in the optical WGM-microresonator by the FDTD method

This work deals with the 3D FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) simulation of the light propagation in a WGM (Whispering Gallery Mode) resonator. The computational complexity of such kind of problems is estimated. LRnLA (Locally Recursive non-Locally Asynchronous) algorithms are used in the code implementation of the FDTD method. Two actual numerical simulations were performed: with a short signal and with a prolonged signal. The values of eigenmodes and Q-factor of WGM-resonator were measured numerically. The time dependence of simulated energy pumping is presented.
Editorial: progress towards a simple tool for screening for hepatic steatosis in the general population – authors’ reply

learning model for excluding non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the general population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017;46: 447-456. 6. McPherson S, Stewart SF, Henderson E, Burt AD, Day CP. Simple noninvasive fibrosis scoring systems can reliably exclude advanced fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gut. 2010;59:1265-1269. 7. Dyson JK, Anstee QM, McPherson S. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a practical approach to diagnosis and staging. Frontline Gastroenterol. 2014;5:211-218. 8. Bedogni G, Bellentani S, Miglioli L, et al. The Fatty Liver Index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol. 2006;6:33.
Vorauseilender Gehorsam durch die "perfekte Frage"

Mittels Experiment konnte ein Schwellenwert bestimmt werden, ab dem vorauseilender Gehorsam auftritt. Weiters wurde der Einfluss von Reflexion, Personlichkeitsdimensionen und Vorhersagbarkeit auf vorauseilenden Gehorsam untersucht.
[Event-related potential of working memory on emotional faces in children with autism spectrum disorder].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of working memory ability on emotional faces and related event-related potential (ERP) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS The Chinese Facial Affective Picture System was used as test material, and the event-related potential system was used to record the electroencephalographic data when 16 ASD children aged 6-12 years (ASD group) and 14 normal children matched for age (control group) were completing the facial emotion delayed match-to-sample task. The characteristics of P3b component were analyzed for both groups. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the ASD group had a significantly longer reaction time (1 527 ms vs 1 060 ms; P<0.05) and a significantly lower accuracy rate (76% vs 88%; P<0.01) in the facial emotion delayed match-to-sample task. There was a difference in the amplitude of P3b component during the encoding stage between the two groups. In the ASD group, the P3b component on the left side electrode had a higher amplitude than that on the right side electrode (P<0.05), while the control group had no such characteristics. CONCLUSIONS There is a difference in P3b component during the encoding stage between school-aged ASD children and normal children. In ASD children, working memory on emotional faces may depend more on the related neural pathway in the left hemisphere.
Risk analysis in the introduction of new technologies in Brazil by startups

The volatility of technological innovation showcases the need for close risk control processes as a means to ensure viability in the process of launching new tech onto the Brazilian market by startups. The purpose of this work is to present a conceptual framework for the management of such risks, aiming at providing guidelines for the improvement of such process based mainly on the NPVR approach. The methodology relied on four comparative case studies that had their data collected via documents provided by the organizations and interviews with their main managers. The data analysis followed the model in [1], which allowed the condensation and data visualization; and drawing conclusions. Among the main results, there is the proposition of a deductive-inductive matrix for the management of risks and uncertainties in startups, which brings elements that provide the calculation of the net present value adjusted to the risk of developing a new product as well as a contribution to the level of risk management and maturity of the companies studied by setting up the Startup risk management Matrix
Cloning and expression analysis of a stress-induced GmIMT 1 gene in soybean ( Glycine max )

Here, we aimed to clone and identify the GmIMT1 gene related to the salt stress response in soybean. The full-length cDNA sequence of the GmIMT1 gene was amplified in soybean using degenerate primers of Mesembrythmum crystallium. To understand the stress response, the GmIMT1 gene was cloned and sequenced. Then, the expression vectors of the gene were constructed, and introduced into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana through Agrobacterium mediated transformation, and the salt tolerance was analyzed in the transgenic plants. In addition, the expression patterns of GmIMT1 gene in soybean were analyzed. The expression was examined in different organs (roots, leaves, flower seeds, and stem) and under different stress conditions (drought, high salt, low temperature, salicylic acid, ethane, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate) by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The results showed that the root,
Neutron-Capture Element Abundances in the Globular Cluster M15

High-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, blue-violet spectra of three red giant branch tip stars in M15 have been obtained with the Keck I High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph. These spectra have been analyzed to determine the abundances of several neutron-capture elements, including the radioactive chronometer element thorium. There are two principal results of this study. First, the abundances of the heavier (Z ≥ 56) elements for each of the three stars is well matched by a scaled solar system r-process abundance distribution. Second, a weighted mean-observed Th/Eu ratio for the stars implies an age for the neutron-capture material in M15 stars of 14 ± 3 Gyr, in reasonable agreement with other recent age estimates for Galactic globular clusters.
New elastographic classification of breast lesions during and after compression.

PURPOSE Proposal for the classification of breast masses through ultrasound elastography in order to differentiate benign and malignant lesions with histological correlation. MATERIALS AND METHODS 188 patients enrolled for percutaneous biopsy of 228 breast lesions. Elastography was performed and interpreted according to criteria created by the authors, with scores varying from 1 to 4 based on elasticity of images obtained upon release of compression. These results were compared with the histological results; elasticity scores of 1 and 2 were considered benign, a score of 3 as probably benign, and 4 as suspicious for malignancy. Positive predictive value, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy have been calculated. The results were evaluated using Fisher's exact test and the analysis of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the association with the histological results, and diagnostic accuracy of the proposed classification. RESULTS The positive predictive value, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the scores were 76.5%, 95.9%, and 94.7%, respectively. Of 228 lesions tested, 26 tests yielded true positive results; 8 yielded false positive results; 190 true negative results; and 4 false negative results. There was association with the histological results by the Fisher method (P < 0.05) and an excellent area below the ROC curve of 0.954 (confidence range of 95%, 0.925-0.982). CONCLUSION The classification by elastography proposed by the authors can be used as an important tool combined with ultrasonographic studies for differentiating benign and malignant lesions of the breast.
Cellular mechanisms of diabetic vascular hypertrophy.

Mesenteric vascular hypertrophy occurs in experimental diabetes. The present study examines whether this medial hypertrophy originates via cellular hyperplasia or hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells or an increase in collagen content. Male Sprague-Dawley diabetic (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg, i.v.) rats were compared with control rats after 3 weeks in order to study mesenteric and aortic smooth muscle cell size and degree of cellular polyploidy. Collagen content in the mesenteric vessels was examined via staining with Sirius red. Further groups of control and diabetic animals were studied after 7 and 14 days of diabetes to assess proliferation in the various layers of the vessel wall using incorporation of [3H]thymidine (0.5 mCi/kg, i.p.). Smooth muscle cell size was measured by a Coulter counter and polyploidy assessed using flow cytometry measurement of cellular DNA content. Diabetic smooth muscle cell size was reduced in both the aorta and the mesenteric vessels and polyploidy was increased in these cells. The collagen content of diabetic mesenteric media was proportionally increased. At day 7, diabetic mesenteric endothelial and adventitial layers showed increased [3H]thymidine labeling of cells and this was not observed in the media of these vessels. These findings indicate that increased endothelial and adventitial cell proliferation are early events in diabetes associated vascular hypertrophy. Furthermore, an increase in extracellular matrix within the media is an important feature of diabetes associated vascular hypertrophy.
Portable executable scoring: What is your malicious score?

Malicious program or malware is a computer program which was written intentionally to harm computing system. Malware protection involves several sub-tasks namely Monitoring, Prevention, Analysis, Detection, Removal and Recovery. This paper proposes a static heuristic based scoring system that gives a maliciousness score to portable executable files. Malicious score can be used at different stage of malware protection system and the proposed system is very light weight. Different statistical pilot tests are performed to find out different parameter for static heuristic and a sound statistical experiment framework is also developed to evaluate the proposed work. The experimental results show the promising outcomes by achieving 85% accuracy which is acceptable in different malware sub-process.
Phonological development in children with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing

Adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy with obstructive sleep disordered breathing (OSDB) is known to affect oral-motor function, behaviour, and academic performance. Adeno-tonsillectomy is the most frequently performed operation in children, with total tonsillectomy (TE) being more common than partial resection, ‘tonsillotomy’ (TT). In the present study 67 children, aged 50–65 months, with OSBD were randomized to TE or TT. The children's phonology was assessed pre-operatively and 6 months post-operatively. Two groups of children served as controls. Phonology was affected in 62.7% of OSBD children before surgery, compared to 34% in the control group (p < .001). Also, OSBD children had more severe phonological deficits than the controls (p < .001). Phonology improved 6 months equally after both surgeries. Despite improvement post-operatively, the gap to the controls increased. Other functional aspects, such as oral motor function, were normalized regardless of surgical method—TE or TT. The impact of OSBD should be considered as one contributing factor in phonological impairment.
Genetic organization and regulation of the xylose degradation genes in Streptomyces rubiginosus

The xylose isomerase (xylA) and the xylulose kinase (xylB) genes from Streptomyces rubiginosus were isolated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. The xylA and xylB genes encode proteins of 388 and 481 amino acids, respectively. These two genes are transcribed divergently from within a 114-nucleotide sequence separating the coding regions. Regulation of the xyl genes in S. rubiginosus was examined by fusing their promoters to the Pseudomonas putida catechol dioxygenase gene and integrating the fusions into the minicircle integration site on the S. rubiginosus chromosome. The expression of catechol dioxygenase was then measured under a variety of conditions. The results indicated that transcription of the xyl genes was induced by D-xylose and repressed by glucose. Data from quantitative S1 mapping were consistent with this conclusion and suggested that xylA had one and xylB had two transcription initiation sites. The transcription initiation site of xylA was 40 bp upstream of the coding region. The two transcription initiation sites of xylB were 20 and 41 bp 5' of its translation initiation codon. Under control of appropriate regulatory elements, the cloned xyl genes are capable of complementing either Escherichia coli xylose isomerase- or xylulose kinase-deficient strains. The deduced amino acid sequence of the S. rubiginosus xylA protein is highly homologous to sequences of other microbial xylose isomerases.
Earnings management and underpricing of IPOs on an emerging market

The empirical design of this study concentrates on earnings management activities around initial public offerings of equity (IPOs). Previous studies for developed markets mostly concluded that many companies managed earnings around important company events. Such practices were especially aggressive around important corporate events, and the IPO is reputedly one of them. This study aims at the measurement of the pervasiveness of earnings management and describing its consequences for company short-term market pricing on an emerging market, mainly for Poland. Earning management was measured with discretionary accruals proxied with the application of cross sectional models. The empirical research provided evidence that earnings management practices were also reported for Polish IPO companies around IPO. However, strong differences in aggressive earnings management among IPO firms were revealed during the subperiods of stable or bull versus bear market. Earnings management approximated by discretionary accruals had informative power in explaining first-day IPO returns.
Analysis interaction design patterns in drawing application for early childhood using deductive method approach

The growth of children ages 4 to 6 years is supported by children's favorite activities in which one of activity is a drawing activity. Drawing activity is an activity that helps children in gross motor and fine motor train which give the rate of growth and development of children is good. Deductive method approach is applied to describe the interaction of mind mapping to the user interface so that users can build a prototype to determine the interaction design pattern. Based on the user experience, gained from observation and interview to the interviewees in question. From the existence of interaction data as a guide in determining the appropriate design pattern for children, researcher did a deductive approach to identify patterns of interaction in children used a drawing application. Researcher used two drawing applications ie drawing applications. The results of testing by usability testing, that the High-Medium User Personas gave a percentage of 97%, while Medium-Low User Personas gave a percentage of 90%. User interaction with the application prototype design pattern on the drawing gave good results for the level of achievement of early childhood development at ages 4 to 6 years in a drawing.
Changing paradigms in oral anticoagulation during cardioversion in Europe

Since cardioversion in atrial fibrillation (AF) confers an increased risk for thrombo-embolic events, current guidelines recommend at least 3 weeks of oral anticoagulation (OAC) prior to cardioversion, followed by a continued anticoagulation for a minimum of 4 weeks after cardioversion. In this regard, vitamin K antagonists (VKAs; e.g warfarin) have traditionally been used for OAC since 1954 and gained in reputation after the—at that time acting—President of the USA, Dwight D. Eisenhower, was being treated with warfarin as one of the first recipients. However, the use of VKAs is associated with various limitations and both interand intra-patient variabilities, posing a major need for continuous monitoring of the therapeutic anticoagulation effect using international normalized ratio (INR) values. Time to reach INR target ranges can be prolonged in some individuals, hence delaying the total cardioversion procedure or lowering the efficacy of anticoagulation. Of note, support for the use of warfarin during cardioversion does not derive from randomized trials but from observational cohort studies. In the early 2010s, several non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) were introduced to the market as an alternative in the reduction of thrombo-embolic events. As a major benefit, those drugs overcame the necessity for laboratory monitoring of VKAs with an at least non-inferior efficacy and safety, leading to a quick expansion of their scope of application. In 2014 the results of the X-VeRT trail—the first randomized controlled trial on NOACs during cardioversion—showed comparable risks for thrombo-embolic events and bleeding, comparing rivaroxaban with standard warfarin therapy during elective cardioversion in AF. Similar results applied for the second randomized controlled trial (ENSURE-AF) comparing edoxaban with warfarin, demonstrating non-inferiority. Those large randomized controlled trials as well the post-hoc analysis of RE-LY and ARISTOTLE indicated that NOACs are at least non-inferior to VKA in the prevention of major strokes in individuals with AF, and therefore safe and feasible alternatives for anticoagulation during cardioversion.
A 230-nW 10-s time constant CMOS integrator for an adaptive nerve signal amplifier

This paper describes a micropower CMOS integrator with an extremely large time constant for use in a variety of low-frequency signal processing applications. The specific use of the integrator in an implantable biomedical integrated circuit is described. The integrator is based on the OTA-C approach and a very small transconductance of 100 pA/V was achieved by cascading a short chain of transconductance-transimpedance stages. The time constant of the integrator is tunable between about 0.2 and 10 s, and any offset voltages at the output terminal can be trimmed out. The circuit was fabricated in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS process, dissipates 230 nW from /spl plusmn/1.5 V power supplies (excluding the bias circuitry and output buffers) and has a core area of 0.1 mm/sup 2/. The integrator offers superior performance in terms of power consumption, die area and time constant when compared to previously published work.
Effects of varying dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance, body composition and liver histology of Malaysian mahseer fingerlings (Tor tambroides).

We investigated the effects of four iso-nitrogenous (40% crude protein) and iso-caloric (17.6 kJ g(-1)) diets with different dietary carbohydrate levels (15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, body composition and liver histology of Malaysian mahseer (Tor tambroides) fingerlings in a 10-week feeding trial. Fish (initial weight of 0.8? 0.1 g; initial total length 4.2? 0.1 cm) were fed twice daily at 4% body mass. Dietary carbohydrate level had significant effects (P<0.05) on weight gain, SGR (specific growth rate), FCR (feed conversion rate), PER (protein efficiency rate), survival percentage and all nutrient retention values (PRV, LRV, CRV, ERV). Protein, carbohydrate and gross energy composition of the fish body were also significantly differed (P<0.05) among treatments. Liver histology showed mild hepatic steatosis and hypertrophy for fishes receiving a higher dietary carbohydrate inclusion. In general, treatments with 20% and 25% dietary carbohydrate levels produced better growth results compared to the rest of the treatments. Using a second-order polynomial regression analysis model, the optimal dietary carbohydrate level of 23.4% was estimated for mahseer fingerlings.