Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Survey of Techniques and Architectures for Designing Energy-Efficient Data Centers

Cloud computing has emerged as the leading paradigm for information technology businesses. Cloud computing provides a platform to manage and deliver computing services around the world over the Internet. Cloud services have helped businesses utilize computing services on demand with no upfront investments. The cloud computing paradigm has sustained its growth, which has led to increase in size and number of data centers. Data centers with thousands of computing devices are deployed as back end to provide cloud services. Computing devices are deployed redundantly in data centers to ensure 24/7 availability. However, many studies have pointed out that data centers consume large amount of electricity, thus calling for energy-efficiency measures. In this survey, we discuss research issues related to conflicting requirements of maximizing quality of services (QoSs) (availability, reliability, etc.) delivered by the cloud services while minimizing energy consumption of the data center resources. In this paper, we present the concept of inception of data center energy-efficiency controller that can consolidate data center resources with minimal effect on QoS requirements. We discuss software- and hardware-based techniques and architectures for data center resources such as server, memory, and network devices that can be manipulated by the data center controller to achieve energy efficiency.
Increased Oxidative Stress Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Healthy Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease-Associated LRRK2 Gene Mutations

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most frequent cause of inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD). The most common PD-associated LRRK2 mutation, G2019S, induces increased production of reactive oxygen species in vitro. We therefore hypothesized that individuals with PD-associated LRRK2 mutations might have increased concentrations of oxidative stress markers and/or decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We measured two oxidative stress markers, namely 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 8-isoprostane (8-ISO), and TAC in CSF from LRRK2 mutation-bearing PD patients (LRRK2 PD = 19), sporadic PD patients (sPD = 31), and healthy control subjects with or without these mutations (LRRK2 CTL = 30, CTL = 27). 8-OHdG and 8-ISO levels were increased in LRRK2 CTL subjects, while TAC was similar between groups. 8-ISO was negatively correlated, and TAC was positively correlated, with Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in LRRK2 PD, LRRK2 CTL, and CTL subjects. Correlations in both groups of PD patients between the two oxidative stress markers and Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Total scores were weak, while TAC was negatively correlated with these scores. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may be increased in the CNS in healthy individuals with PD-associated LRRK2 mutations. Further, TAC may decrease in the CNS with the progression of PD, and when cognitive impairment is present regardless of the presence or absence of PD.
The Color-Magnitude Effect in Early-Type Cluster Galaxies

We present the analysis of the color-magnitude relation (CMR) for a sample of 57 X-ray-detected Abell clusters within the redshift interval 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.18. We use the B - R versus R color-magnitude plane to establish that the CMR is present in all our low-redshift clusters and can be parameterized by a single straight line. We find that the CMRs for this large cluster sample of different richness and cluster types are consistent with having universal properties. The k-corrected colors of the individual CMRs in the sample at a fixed absolute magnitude have a small intrinsic dispersion of ~0.05 mag. The slope of the CMR is consistent with being the same for all clusters, with the variations entirely accountable by filter band shifting effects. We determine the mean of the dispersion of the 57 CMRs to be 0.074 mag, with a small rms scatter of 0.026 mag. However, a modest amount of the dispersion arises from photometric measurement errors and possible background cluster superpositions, and the derived mean dispersion is an upper limit. Models that explain the CMR in terms of metallicity and passive evolution can naturally reproduce the observed behavior of the CMR in this paper. The observed properties of the CMR are consistent with models in which the last episode of strong star formation in cluster early-type galaxies occurred significantly more than ~3 Gyr ago and the core set of early-type galaxies in clusters were formed more than 7 Gyr ago. The universality of the CMR provides us with an important tool for cluster detection and redshift estimation. A very accurate photometric cluster redshift estimator can be devised based on the apparent color shift of the CMR due to redshift. This calibrator has the additional advantage of being very efficient since only two bands are needed. An empirically calibrated redshift estimator based on the B - R color of the CMR for clusters with z < 0.20 produces an accuracy of Δz ~ 0.010. Background clusters, typically at z ~ 0.25 and previously unknown, are found in this survey in the color-magnitude diagrams as secondary CMRs to the red of the target cluster CMRs. We also find clear cases of apparent X-ray substructure that are due to these cluster superpositions. This suggests that X-ray observations of clusters are also subject to a significant amount of projection contaminations.
A flexible visual simulator for wireless ad-hoc networks of mobile nodes

The management of ad-hoc networks raises interesting problems, that are particularly challenging for networks of mobile nodes. Considering the inherent complexity of these systems, the development of distributed applications relying on wireless communication protocols would be greatly simplified by the use of specific tools for supporting testing and step-by-step debugging. In this paper we describe WISE, a flexible interactive simulation environment for the development of wireless ad-hoc networks consisting of mobile units. A graphical interface allows the user to create/delete nodes, change their positions and parameters, and select specific mobility models in order to verify the network behavior in dynamic conditions. The simulator also provides a useful support for the verification of agreement protocols, synchronization algorithms and distributed scheduling, allowing the user to display a step-by-step evolution of the algorithms in a suitable graphical representation
Doppler Information Optimization through Fusion Algorithms

ABSTRACT This paper analyses the velocity estimation of a target, from the Doppler filter using 1) Kalman filter 2) Adaptive Kalman filter 3) Kalman filter with state vector fusion 4) Adaptive Kalman filter with state vector fusion 5) State vector fused adaptive Kalman filter. Simulation through MATLAB gave good response for 4 th and 5 th algorithms under low signal to noise ratio. 2 nd and 3 rd algorithms gave better results in intensive maneuvers. But 1 st algorithm even though it is low cost and faster, fails due to the delay in response. Keywords Adaptive Doppler Kalman filter, state vector fusion, intensive maneuver. 1. INTRODUCTION For tracking the velocity of a target, required Doppler frequency shift of the received echo signal is obtained using short time Fourier transformation (STFT) [4] on a rectangular window function. Then quadratic interpolation is used to find better frequency shift. This estimated velocity is optimized using fusion technique. The integration or fusion of redundant information can reduce overall uncertainty and thus serve to increase the accuracy with which the features are perceived by the system [10]. Multiple sensors providing redundant information can also serve to increase reliability in the case of sensor error or failure [5]. Papic
Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticle by fenugreek seed (trigonella foenum) extract

In this study the fenugreek seed extract was used for biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles as a new method, The reduction reaction between aqueous chloroauric acid solution and fenugreek seed extract. In this research work, we developed a rapid and non-toxic method for the preparation of biocompatible gold nanoparticles by microwave irradiation. The nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We used equation to determine nanoparticles size diameter from the measurements of surface Plasmon resonance wavelengths. The size and shape of the nanoparticles were found to be very sensitive to the quantity of the extract. As the amount of extract is increased, the stronger the interaction between the extract biomolecules and nascent nanoparticles, thus the yield of nanoparticles increased as shown by surface Plasmon resonance bands in the UV-vis-NIR spectra. The process of reduction by fenugreek extract lead to development of an environmentally and eco-friendly gold nanoparticles, applicable for medical field (diagnosis, therapeutic, biosensor).
A comprehensive study of algorithms for multidimensional flow field diagnostics

The need for quantitative flow field analysis has led to the development of various types of instruments measuring the flow velocity at single points of information (Laser Doppler Anemometry, etc.). In the recent years however the rapid advancements in computer technology enabled the development of whole field methods in flow diagnostics. The most promising are based on the visualization of discrete particles in a flow field, such as Particle Image Velocimetry and Particle Tracking. Another widely used technique is based on the visualization of a continuous tracers in a flow field (such as Laser Induced Fluorescence): A fluorescent pattern is inscribed on the fluid. From deformation of the pattern the flow field can be reconstructed. The aim of this paper is to give an overview and comparison of widely used algorithms in flow visualization. In addition it is the intention to improve the existing approaches in flow field diagnostics by merging two techniques forming new hybrid systems. 1. Multi Scale Particle Image Velocimetry The most widely technique used in modern computer based flow visualization is based on a simple cross correlation. A typical application records particles
L-system Implementation of Multiresolution Curves Based on Cubic B-Spline Subdivision

It has been previously shown that L-systems can be used to generate subdivision and reverse subdivision curves [Prusinkiewicz et al. 2003]. In this paper we show that L-systems can also be used to generate multiresolution curves. The L-system description captures the locality of the concept of multiresolution curves.
A Professor Like Me: The Influence of Instructor Gender on College Achievement

Many wonder whether teacher gender plays an important role in higher education by influencing student achievement and subject interest. The data used in this paper help identify average effects from male and female college students assigned to male or female teachers. We find instructor gender plays only a minor role in determining college student achievement. Nevertheless, the small effects provide evidence that gender role models matter to some college students. A same-sex instructor increases average grade performance by at most 5 percent of its standard deviation and decreases the likelihood of dropping a class by 1.2 percentage points.
Effects of subcortical cerebral infarction on cortical glucose metabolism and cognitive function.

BACKGROUND The mechanism of dementia in subcortical cerebral infarction is incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To determine how cognitive function is related to cortical metabolism in patients with subcortical infarction and a continuum of cognitive impairment. METHODS We used positron emission tomography (PET) and the glucose metabolic tracer fludeoxyglucose F 18 to study 8 patients with subcortical stroke and normal cognitive function (S-CN), 5 patients with subcortical stroke and cognitive impairment (S-CI) who did not have dementia, 8 patients with subcortical stroke and dementia (S-D), and 11 controls with no cognitive impairment or stroke. A subset of patients had absolute regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) determined, while in all subjects regional tracer uptake normalized to whole brain tracer uptake was calculated. PET data were analyzed by constructing volumes of interest using coregistered magnetic resonance imaging data and correcting the PET data for atrophy. RESULTS Global CMRglc was significantly lower in the patients with S-D than in the control and S-CN groups, with S-CI rates intermediate to those of the S-D and S-CN groups. Absolute regional CMRs of glucose were similar in the S-D and S-CI groups and in the control and S-CN groups. The regional pattern, however, showed lower right frontal regional CMRglc ratios in all stroke groups compared with the controls. There were modest correlations between performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination and whole brain CMRglc when all 4 groups were included. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that subcortical infarction produces global cerebral hypometabolism, which is related to the clinical status of the patients. In addition, specific frontal lobe hypometabolism also appears to be a feature of subcortical infarction. Taken together, both global and regional effects on cortical function mediate the production of clinical symptoms in patients with subcortical strokes.
An exploration of prevalence, variety, and frequency data to quantify online sexual activity experience

People use the Internet for a wide range of online sexual activities (OSA): behaviours that involve sexual content, topics, and stimuli. Yet, current OSA summary statistics provide little perspective on patterns of OSA experience because researchers have not compared multiple indicators of experience within the same sample. We explored the prevalence, variety, and frequency of young men and women's experience with three OSA subtypes: non-arousal (e.g., accessing sexual health information), solitary-arousal (e.g., viewing pornography), and partnered-arousal (e.g., sending sexually explicit messages). We examined patterns in experience with specific OSAs, subtypes of OSAs, OSAs overall, and differences related to gender across the lifetime and recently. Young adults (N = 239) at a Canadian University completed a survey that included a new measure of 48 specific OSAs, representing the three subtypes. All participants reported at least one OSA experience in their lifetime (ranging 1–38). Although the prevalence and variety of experience was greater across the lifetime than recently, this difference was small and the pattern of results remained the same. Frequency of experience appeared greater for specific OSAs compared to OSA subtypes or overall. Frequency of specific OSAs were greater for the subgroup of participants who had engaged in the activity recently compared to the full sample. Significantly more men than women reported solitary-arousal OSA, and men reported greater variety and frequency of this subtype. This gender difference in prevalence and frequency only held for viewing sexually explicit pictures and videos online. We discuss implications for sexual scripts, researchers, clinicians, and educators.
Socioeconomic Assimilation and Wealth Accumulation of Migrants in Australia

This paper investigates to what extent the wealth accumulation of immigrants is explained by their degree of assimilation, defined as the immigrants' capacity to become more similar over time to the local people in terms of their norms, values, behaviours, and socioeconomic characteristics. The existing practice to measure assimilation is the use of a time-dimensioned variable like years since migration, which reflects the individual's adaptation to the host country through the implied acquisition of relevant skills and experience. We complement this approach by defining assimilation on the basis of migrants' subjective assessments of integration within the community. To do so, we exploit the rich information collected by the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA). In particular, we explore the possible relationship between migrants' savings and assimilation estimating several models, from a pooled OLS to panel data models such as random effect and population average. We find that assimilation has a significant positive effect on wealth accumulation, but in different degrees depending on migrants origins and the type of assets. Understanding migrants' wealth and their perceived degree of assimilation is relevant to understand the supply of domestic savings and their variability. It also carries policy implications on what could be done to affect migrants' sense of assimilation and connected economic behaviour.
Cover Approximations for the Synthesis of Speed-Independent Circuits

This paper presents a novel methodology for the synthesis of speed-independent circuits from Signal Transition Graphs (STGs). The pursued objective is to avoid the derivation of the reachability graph to calculate the logic equations for the outputs of the circuit, hence overcoming the state explosion problem. The circuit synthesis is performed by only analyzing the structure of the STG with efficient polynomial algorithms. The proposed techniques are applied to any live and safe free-choice STG providing significant improvement over previous state-based and structural methods. The same methodology can be directly extended to more general STGs. The developed structural synthesis tool has synthesized STGs (some of them being non-free-choice) with over 1012 markings.
Efficient Bit-Parallel Multipliers in Composite Fields

Hardware implementation of multiplication in finite field GF(2<sup>m</sup>) based on sparse polynomials is found to be advantageous in terms of space-complexity as well as the time-complexity. In order to design multipliers for the composite fields, we have found another permutation polynomial to convert irreducible polynomials into like-trinomials of the forms (x<sup>2</sup> + x + 1)<sup>m</sup> + (x<sup>2</sup> + x + 1)<sup>n</sup> + 1, (x<sup>2</sup> + x)<sup>m</sup> + (x<sup>2</sup> + x)<sup>n</sup> + 1 and (x<sup>4</sup> + x + 1)<sup>m</sup> + (x<sup>4</sup> + x + 1)<sup>n</sup> + 1. The proposed bit-parallel multiplier over GF(2<sup>4m</sup>) is found to offer a saving of about 33% multiplications and 42.8% additions over the corresponding existing architectures.
Vision and the graphical simulation of spatial structure

One important message of this paper is that vision research is highly relevant to 3D graphics technology and that modern electronic graphical systems can and soon will strongly stimulate the further development of vision science. First an outline is given of ecological optics, the discipline trying to describe the visual information available to an active (mobile, structure-seeking) observer. Whereas ecological optics describes the available visual structure, the observables, psychophysics studies what is actually 'picked-up', observed, by existing observers. Some examples are given of psychophysical studies inspired by ecological optics, made possible by modern computer graphics systems, and relevant to the development of graphics systems 'tuned' to human perceptual capacities. Flat displays simulating 3D layouts and objects have a kind of dual reality. The active observer can easily obtain information on flatness by moving the head or trying to undo motion blurring with pursuit eye movements (in cases where there is motion-blurring, as in films). On the other hand the display will also contain information on 3D-structures and specify depth. A brief discussion is given of some less generally known but powerful depth cues and their possible relation to internal models of solid shape (the visual potential). Finally I inquire into the possibilities of ultimately realising a graphics system providing the active observer with a simulated visual world of a high degree of visual realism. This requires, for example, a high resolution at the center of gaze, but a strong decrease of resolution is allowed with increasing eccentricity in the visual field. In using this fact to save pixels, and thus computations, one has to monitor the direction of the center of gaze and its changes during eye movements. The feedback of this information to the computer need not be more precise than the control systems inside the observer responsible for the movements. More in general, the limits of perception set limits to the required quality of the display system and the limits of organismic movement control set limits to the required quality of the interaction with the machine. These limits in relation to interactive 3D graphics simulation are explored and, where possible, quantified.
Real-Time Video Event Detection in Crowded Scenes using MPEG Derived Features : a Multiple

This paper presents an investigation into event detection in crowded scenes, where the event of interest co-occurs with other activities and only binary labels at the clip level are available. The proposed approach incorporates a fast feature descriptor from the MPEG domain, and a novel multiple instance learning (MIL) algorithm using sparse approximation and random sensing. MPEG motion vectors are used to build particle trajectories that represent the motion of objects in uniform video clips, and the MPEG DCT coefficients are used to compute a foreground map to remove background particles. Trajectories are transformed into the Fourier domain, and the Fourier representations are quantized into visual words using the K-Means algorithm. The proposed MIL algorithm models the scene as a linear combination of independent events, where each event is a distribution of visual words. Experimental results show that the proposed approaches achieve promising results for event detection compared to the state-of-the-art.
Induced radioactivity in the blood of cancer patients following Boron Neutron Capture Therapy

Since 1990, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) has been used for over 400 cancer patients at the Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute (KURRI). After BNCT, the patients are radioactive and their 24Na and 38Cl levels can be detected via a Na-I scintillation counter. This activity is predominantly due to 24Na, which has a half-life of 14.96 h and thus remains in the body for extended time periods. Radioactive 24Na is mainly generated from 23Na in the target tissue that is exposed to the neutron beam in BNCT. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the radioactivity of blood 24Na following BNCT and the absorbed gamma ray dose in the irradiated field. To assess blood 24Na, 1 ml of peripheral blood was collected from 30 patients immediately after the exposure, and the radioactivity of blood 24Na was determined using a germanium counter. The activity of 24Na in the blood correlated with the absorbed gamma ray doses in the irradiated field. For the same absorbed gamma ray dose in the irradiated field, the activity of blood 24Na was higher in patients with neck or lung tumors than in patients with brain or skin tumors. The reasons for these findings are not readily apparent, but the difference in the blood volume and the ratio of bone to soft tissue in the irradiated field, as well as the dose that leaked through the clinical collimator, may be responsible.