Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Is The Equal Sharing Of Market Work And Family Duties Hampered By Financial Means Or Constraints? Evidence From A Structural Labor Supply Model With Involuntary Unemployment And Hours Constraints

This paper analyzes the question why desired and actual sharing of market work and family duties among parents with young children in Germany fall apart. Potential explanations include financial incentives favoring the single-earner model, as well as constraints in choosing working hours due to lack of childcare or labor demand restrictions. In order to analyze these explanations, we extend the standard model of labor supply by different types of constraints. We estimate preferences based on desired instead of actual working hours and specify restrictions as a double hurdle model with the first stage representing the risk of involuntary unemployment. The second step pertains the probability of being constrained in specific hours categories. We apply this model to simulate a recent reform proposal that subsidizes parents who both work around 30 hours per week. We find that taking into account constraints in working hours is crucial: The pure incentive effect is almost cut by half. Our approach also allows to simulate the removal of hours constraints which almost triples the labor supply reaction. Hours constraints are thus even more important than adverse incentives in explaining the asymmetric division of work and care within families.
Evaluating the performance of high-altitude aerial image-based digital surface models in detecting individual tree crowns in mature boreal forests

Height models based on high-altitude aerial images provide a low-cost means of generating detailed 3D models of the forest canopy. In this study, the performance of these height models in the detection of individual trees was evaluated in a commercially managed boreal forest. Airborne digital stereo imagery (DSI) was captured from a flight altitude of 5 km with a ground sample distance of 50 cm and corresponds to regular national topographic airborne data capture programs operated in many countries. Tree tops were detected from smoothed canopy height models (CHM) using watershed segmentation. The relative amount of detected trees varied between 26% and 140%, and the RMSE of plot-level arithmetic mean height between 2.2 m and 3.1 m. Both the dominant tree species and the filter used for smoothing affected the results. Even though the spatial resolution of DSI-based CHM was sufficient, detecting individual trees from the data proved to be demanding because of the shading effect of the dominant trees and the limited amount of data from lower canopy levels and near the ground.
Party unity in parliamentary democracies: A comparative analysis

The level and causes of party unity are under-researched topics in parliamentary democracies, particularly in comparative perspective. This article presents a non-formal model explaining party unity in legislative voting as the result of individual legislators' decisions reacting to the incentives and constraints created by their respective institutional environments. Hypotheses derived from the model are tested against empirical data on party unity in 11 western parliamentary democracies since 1945. On the system level, central party control over nominations and intra-parliamentary resources as well as the strength of parliamentary committees with regard to policy decisions are shown to affect party unity as expected by the model. On the level of individual parties, governing parties are less unified than opposition parties and larger parties show higher unity than smaller ones. Both results shed doubt on frequent claims in the literature.
The HMX homeodomain protein MLS-2 regulates cleavage orientation, cell proliferation and cell fate specification in the C. elegans postembryonic mesoderm

The proper formation of a complex multicellular organism requires the precise coordination of many cellular events, including cell proliferation, cell fate specification and differentiation. The C. elegans postembryonic mesodermal lineage, the M lineage, allows us to study mechanisms coordinating these events at single cell resolution. We have identified an HMX homeodomain protein MLS-2 in a screen for factors required for M lineage patterning. The MLS-2 protein is present in nuclei of undifferentiated cells in the early M lineage and in a subset of head neurons. In the M lineage, MLS-2 activity appears to be tightly regulated at the fourth round of cell division, coincident with the transition from proliferation to differentiation. A predicted null allele of mls-2, cc615, causes reduced cell proliferation in the M lineage, whereas a semi-dominant, gain-of-function allele, tm252, results in increased cell proliferation. Loss or overexpression of mls-2 also affects cleavage orientation and cell fate specification in the M lineage. We show that the increased cell proliferation in mls-2(tm252) mutants requires CYE-1, a G1 cell cycle regulator. Furthermore, the C. elegans Myod homolog HLH-1 acts downstream of mls-2 to specify M-derived coelomocyte cell fates. Thus MLS-2 functions in a cell type-specific manner to regulate both cell proliferation and cell fate specification.
Differential wide band metal-frame antenna for wristband applications

In this paper, a differentially fed wideband metal-frame antenna for wristband application is proposed. It has a wide operating frequency bandwidth from 2.27 GHz to 6.14 GHz, covering the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band, the unlicensed 3.5-4.5 GHz Ultra WideBand (UWB) band and the 5.8 GHz ISM band, making its performance considerably robust when applied to different human beings where frequency shift will take place. The antenna is constructed on the substrate of Rogers 4350B with a planar size of 38.6 mm × 18.6 mm encircled by a metal frame with a thickness of 0.3 mm, which can properly fit inside a common person's wristband. The metal frame is intended for both the purpose of antenna radiation and the structure outline of the wristband device. The wrist is modeled by a single bone layer cuboid with a size of 70 mm × 50 mm × 40 mm. The proposed wearable antenna is fed by a pair of differential ports, facilitating its direct connection with differential outputs.
Towards a Standardized Task Management

Business processes are increasingly controlled by IT-systems automatically, but they still consist of many tasks that have to be performed by people. Despite an appropriate IT-infrastructure is required for Task Management, until now this is a neglected topic in the research domain. In general, existing concepts and products for Task Management are not sufficient and, even worse, inter-partner aspects are not supported at all. For the first time, this paper analyzes the requirements for Task Management in a comprehensive way. Furthermore, we present an architecture for a Task Management Infrastructure that allows to fulfill these requirements even in inter-partner scenarios. This architecture was developed in the TAMPRO project and is based on emerging standards as WS-HumanTask and BPEL4People, which are discussed as well.
Exploring information diffusion in network of semantically annotated web service interfaces

Information diffusion has been studied between and within biosphere, microblogs, social networks, citation networks and other domains where the network structure is present. These studies have been useful for acquiring intrinsic knowledge for strategic decision making in related areas, such as planning online campaigns in case of microblogs and blogosphere. However, despite of the advances in services science, no study has been published on analyzing information diffusion in Web services networks. This paper presents a model for measuring information diffusion between commodities of annotated Web services' descriptions. First, we exploit our previously developed ontology learning and annotation mechanism to semantically annotate harvested Web services' interface descriptions. Next, Web services networks are constructed by matching semantically annotated and categorized interfaces. Then we apply the proposed information diffusion discovery model to the constructed Web services networks. We evaluate the proposed model on two case studies---information diffusion between Web services of national registries and among commodities of public Web services. The model indicates high potential of the proposed method in understanding interactions between individual service providers and service industries.
College Student Scholarships and Subsidies Granting: A Multi-modal Multi-label Approach

Scholarships and financial aids in modern universities are the basic administrative plans to ensure and promote the completion of academic training and studies for students. Traditional grants allocation procedures are based on manual determination, which costs lots of human resources. In this paper, we investigate an assistance model for helping improve the scheme of granting. We first collect students information from multi-modal channels, including their behaviors of campus consumption, internet usage, daily trajectory together with their enrollment information. The approval status and amount of funds granted are converted as labels. We propose the College Student Scholarships and Subsidies Granting (CS3G) approach to address the concrete problem. CS3G approach overcomes 3 obstacles, i.e., complicated multi-label influences, private modal information protection and difficulties in label collection. In detail, based on the facts that scholarships mainly depend on academic achievements, subsidies granting is generally based on students financial hardships as well as credits, and there are implicit influences among scholarships and subsidies, the CS3G approach handles types of interactions between multiple labels, it is notable that data from different modalities are collected by different divisions of a university, privacy protection is considered in CS3G, i.e., no interaction between features from different modalities in the model training phase. Besides, due to the confidentiality of the concrete types/amounts of granting, only a portion of labels is collected in this application, CS3G is trained in a semi-supervised style. Empirical investigations show good generalization ability of CS3G on benchmark datasets, and a real assessment of a university also validates the power of our approach for tackling this type of problem well.
Privacy-aware geolocation interfaces for volunteered geography: a case study

The standard W3C Geolocation API can significantly facilitate geospatial data collection as it provides a simple set of operations for requesting geolocation services across indoor and outdoor spaces through the Web. Importantly, this API is privacy-aware in that it provides a basic privacy mechanism for requesting the user's consent to location acquisition. In this paper we address the question on whether this privacy mechanism is sufficient to conduct a project for the collection of geospatial content, in compliance with privacy laws. The question is of practical relevance as the use of geolocation standards in line with privacy regulations would make the development of volunteered geography projects easier. In this paper we present an interdisciplinary analysis spanning across technology and law, and driven by an application case. We show the limitations of this API and discuss a possible extension in line with privacy norms. Although we confine ourselves to consider European regulations, we believe that this study can be of more general concern.
Classification of Negotiation Thought Units using Supervised Learning

In this paper we apply natural language processing and machine learning techniques to a corpus of transcripts from Imai and Gelfand [4] in order to develop classifiers that can be used to automate coding of negotiation thought units. The models we used include multinomial Naive Bayes, maximum entropy, and a first-order conditional random field. We demonstrate that such classifiers perform significantly better than a baseline that samples from the observed probability distribution over labels. However, our results suggest that the existing corpus suffers from sparseness and that training a classifier with accuracy high enough to eliminate the need for manual coding requires a much larger corpus.
The solar interior - radial structure, rotation, solar activity cycle

Some basic properties of the solar convection zone are considered and the use of helioseismology as an observational tool to determine its depth and internal angular velocity is discussed. Aspects of solar magnetism are described and explained in the framework of dynamo theory. The main focus is on mean field theories for the Sun's magnetic field and its differential rotation.
An Improving Approach for Recovering Requirements-to-Design Traceability Links

Requirement tracing is an important activity for its helpfulness to effective system quality assurance, impact analyzing of changes and software maintenance. In this paper, we propose an automatic approach called LGRTL to recover traceability links between high-level requirements and low-level design elements. This approach treats the recovery process as Bayesian classification process. Meanwhile, we add a synonym process to the preprocessing phase, and improve the Bayesian model for performing better. To evaluate the validity of the method, we perform a case study and the experimental results show that our method can enhance the effect to a certain extent.
Analysis of spatial variability for the development of reduced lead body surface maps

The spatial frequency of measurement points from standard ECG systems lacks accuracy to diagnose local variability in cardiac activity on the torso. Body Surface Mapping (BSM) improves this accuracy, but lacks the simplicity to be implemented in clinic on a regular basis. Reduced-lead BSM system improves applicability, but currently no standardization of lead reduction has been agreed upon. This research investigates the reduction of BSMs based on Lomb-Scargle Spectral Analysis to determine an appropriate electrode positioning through spatial frequency assessment. Based on the measurement of 13 healthy volunteers, a 128 electrode system could be reduced to a 36 electrode system and an 84 electrode system for ventricular and atrial activity measurements, respectively, with up to 10% loss of the full information provided by the original body surface potential map. Further research will investigate the appropriate positions of these electrodes and the effect of lead reduction for various cardiac abnormalities.
An extension of slow feature analysis for nonlinear blind source separation

We present and test an extension of slow feature analysis as a novel approach to nonlinear blind source separation. The algorithm relies on temporal correlations and iteratively reconstructs a set of statistically independent sources from arbitrary nonlinear instantaneous mixtures. Simulations show that it is able to invert a complicated nonlinear mixture of two audio signals with a high reliability. The algorithm is based on a mathematical analysis of slow feature analysis for the case of input data that are generated from statistically independent sources.
How Dependent Are Consumers on Others When Making Their Shopping Decisions?

Consumers now have a variety of shopping information sources online and offline in making purchase decisions. How has the Web changed the perceptions of consumers regarding the relative importance of different shopping information sources? Applying the attribution principle and the least effort principle, the authors hypothesize the relative importance of self-evaluation and three types of recommendations from others word-of-mouth or WOM, expert opinion, and electronic WOM or eWOM. The data collected from 549 consumers show that the perceived importance of WOM remains equal to or even higher than that of self-evaluation for credence goods product quality unknown even after purchase and use and the so-called digital goods without Web access. However, the importance of self-evaluation increases when consumers have both Web access and non-Web sources of shopping information. The Web appears to make self-evaluation by consumers more important than inputs from others.
A conceptual design of vectored water-jet propulsion system

This paper presents a novel vectored water-jet propulsion system which is supposed to be used on a spherical underwater vehicle. This system uses water-jet as its propulsion method and by using servo motors, the direction of output force can be regulated for different propulsion tasks. This paper mainly focuses on the conceptual design of the system. To testify the availability of this design, a physical-based vectored water-jet propulsion system is developed using MATLAB/Simscape. Firstly, the servo motors module and flow rate control module are discussed respectively including modeling and simulation, and then a combined simulation of them is performed.
A Novel Spatial Clustering Analysis Method Using Bat Algorithm

Guanghui LIU , Heyan HUANG , Shumei WANG , Zhaoxiong CHEN *1 School of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China, lgh025@163.com 2 School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China, hhy63@bit.edu. cn 3 school of Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance & Economics, Nanjing, 210046, China
Extract Chinese Unknown Words from a Large-scale Corpus Using Morphological and Distributional Evidences

The representative method of using morphological evidence for Chinese unknown word (UW) extraction is Chinese word segmentation (CWS) model, and the method of using distributional evidence for UW extraction is accessor variety (AV) criterion. However, neither of these methods has been verified on large-scale corpus. In this paper, we propose extensions to remedy the drawbacks of these two methods to handle large-scale corpus: (1) for CWS, we propose a generalized definition of word to improve the recall; and (2) for AV, we propose a restricted version to decrease noise. We carry out experiments on a Chinese Web corpus with approximate 200 billion Chinese characters. Experimental results show that our methods outperform the baselines, and the combination of the two evidences can further improve the performance. Moreover, our methods can also efficiently segment the corpus on the fly, which is especially valuable for processing large-scale corpus.
Drought, Biofuel, and Livestock

The 2012 drought in the U.S. Midwest resulted in volatile crop prices. With field crops constituting a major input in livestock production, livestock producers sought a waiver to Renewable Fuel Standard biofuel mandates. They believed such a waiver would mitigate crop-price volatility; given crops are major inputs in biofuel production. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) denied the waiver under the belief that the waiver would have minimal if any impact on mitigating price volatility. Employing a VECM, the objective is to investigate if it was prudent for the EPA to reject the waiver. Results generally support EPA's conclusion that the waiver relaxing the biofuel mandate would have minimal impact. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
A Comparison of Two Purity-Based Algorithms When Applied to Semi-supervised Streaming Data Classification

Semi-supervised learning algorithms address the problem of learning from partially labeled data. However, most of the semi-supervised classification methods proposed in the literature considers a stationary distribution of data. Which means that future data patterns tend to conform to the data distribution presented in data set throughout the application lifetime. However, for plenty of new variety of applications, this expected scenario is not compatible to reality. Therefore, the research of semi-supervised methods which comprises nonstationary data classification is of a major concern nowadays. In this paper, the KAOGINCSSL algorithm, which copes with non-stationary semi-supervised learning, is analysed when using two different strategies to spread the labels to train the classifiers. The first consist of employing the inductive algorithm KAOGSS to build the classifier and the second relies on using the transductive algorithm PMTLA to spread the labels prior to build the classifier. Results regarding accuracy and processing time involving both algorithms when applied to non-stationary problems are presented.
Comparison of Adductor Canal Block and Femoral Nerve Block for Postoperative Pain in Total Knee Arthroplasty

AbstractA total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has always been associated with moderate-to-severe pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pain control of adductor canal block (ACB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) after TKA.Relevant literatures about the ACB and FNB after TKA for reducing pain were searched from Medline (1996-January, 2015), Embase (1980-January, 2015), PubMed (1980-January, 2015), Web of Science (1980-January, 2015), and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. High-quality RCTs and non-RCTs were picked to evaluate the visual analogue scale (VAS) and other outcome. This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA statement criteria. The software RevMan 5.30 was used for the meta-analysis.Eight literatures fitted into the inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in VAS score with rest or mobilization at 4, 24, and 48 h between ACB group and FNB group. There were also no significant differences in the strength of quadriceps and adductor, the length of hospital stay, and complications of vomiting and nausea.Present meta-analysis indicated that ACB shows no superiority than FNB group. Both of them can reduce the pain score after TKA. As referred to which method to adopt, it is determined by the preference of the surgeons and anesthesiologists.
Three class classification of fNIRS signals for the detection of RGB color stimuli in the visual cortex

In this study, we have used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure the hemodynamic response in the visual cortex. We concurrently measure and discriminate the fNIRS signals evoked by three different color stimuli: red, green, and blue (RGB) colors. Seven healthy subjects were asked to perform the RGB color stimuli experiment during a 10 s task and 25 s rest period. Using a continuous-wave fNIRS system, brain signals were acquired concurrently from the visual cortex. Multiclass linear discriminant analysis was utilized to classify RGB stimuli, which resulted in an average classification accuracy of 66.67% across the 7 subjects. A 3∼8 s time window during a 10 s task period provided the best result in classification.