Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wireless cycling posture monitoring based on smartphones and bluetooth low energy

A bstract— This work presents the implementation of a wireless network based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) which enables the integration of multiple sensor nodes into a smartphone-based system in order to monitor the posture of cyclists. The developed posture monitoring system obtains the orientation in space of each body segment in which the sensor nodes are placed and calculates the trunk angle, the knee angle and the angle of inclination of the road. Raw sensor data are collected periodically from accelerometers, magnetometers and gyroscopes and sent via BLE to an Android smartphone, which plays the role of central station and performs the data processing concerning the posture calculation. We describe the development of the hardware and software of the sensor nodes, which are based on the CC2540 BLE system-on-chip, as well as the development of the Android application, and provide experimental results concerning the measurement of the posture of a cyclist in order to validate the proposed system.
Audience response systems as a data collection method in organizational research

Abstract Audience responses systems are electronic devices allowing audience interaction and they are increasingly being used in educational and business settings to enhance various pedagogical and practical processes. This paper discusses how ARS technology may be used as a method of collecting data for research purposes. Specifically, this paper demonstrates ARS technology's potential utility by duplicating findings from two organisational studies, it discusses how ARS technology may be used to address three prevalent data collection problems, and it suggests how ARS technology may provide scholars with increased access to certain organisational settings, as well as greater integration between research and service activities.
ONLINE SUPPORT GROUPS: EXTENDING COMMUNITIES OF CONCERN

(ABSTRACT) Using survey data from 75 participants in computer self-help groups, v ariables were identified which theoretically indicate that computer self-help groups function similarly to face-to-face self-help groups. This exploratory research provided demographic information which allows users of computer self-help groups to be more clearly described. The findings of this study indicated that computer group users perceived similar benefits of use to people in traditional self-help groups. Study participants also perceived certain benefits from computer group use not found in traditional face-to-face groups. Among these were the convenience of use, anonymity, and the benefits of writing as a way to connect to others. The findings indicated that computer groups provided a unique context in which new beliefs and ideas about problems can be constructed. The findings were interpreted to indicate that there are certain risks involved in computer group use of which mental health professionals and potential users need to be cognizant. Finally, several areas for possible future study are discussed. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have several people to thank for their support and encouragement throughout my time spent in the doctoral program and in the process of writing my dissertation. Firstly I need to thank my committee members-and Claire Cole Vaught-your support, advice, and encouragement throughout this process have been a source of comfort to me. Very special thanks go to Joyce Arditti without whom this project would not have been possible. Joyce, your confidence in my abilities, mentoring, availability, and friendship have been invaluable to me and are very much appreciated. I would also like to thank Jim Keller without whom I would not have entered this doctoral program. Jim, your encouragement, sense of humor, and unbelievable capacity to confuse have been a source of inspiration to me. Thank you for pointing me towards Joyce, and for your support in the earlier part of my program. you have contributed in making the past two years a valuable and enjoyable experience for me. To Jean a special thanks for your sense of humor, your unconditional acceptance, and for believing in me even when I found it hard to do so myself. Thank you also for sharing your clinical knowledge and skills with me, I could not have asked for a better supervisor! To Jan for your friendship, willingness to push the limits and help in forcing me to think about alternative stories. To Lori for reading over copies of this …
Writing Development as Seen through Longitudinal Research

This article presents insights about writing development of urban college students that can be gleaned from longitudinal research that examines both personal and academic histories. Factors in students' lives, revealed through ongoing interviews and classroom observations, influence both students' abilities to respond to certain types of reading and writing tasks and their potential to develop as successful college students. A set of categories developed by Larson is used to analyze the texts produced by a basic writing student in her first 3½ years of college to illustrate the richness and complexity of analysis available through longitudinal research.
Migration and Fisheries of North East Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Autumn and Winter

It has been suggested that observed spatial variation in mackerel fisheries, extending over several hundreds of kilometers, is reflective of climate-driven changes in mackerel migration patterns. Previous studies have been unable to clearly demonstrate this link. In this paper we demonstrate correlation between temperature and mackerel migration/distribution as proxied by mackerel catch data from both scientific bottom trawl surveys and commercial fisheries. We show that mackerel aggregate and migrate distances of up to 500 km along the continental shelf edge from mid-November to early March. The path of this migration coincides with the location of the relatively warm shelf edge current and, as a consequence of this affinity, mackerel are guided towards the main spawning area in the south. Using a simulated time series of temperature of the shelf edge current we show that variations in the timing of the migration are significantly correlated to temperature fluctuations within the current. The proposed proxies for mackerel distribution were found to be significantly correlated. However, the correlations were weak and only significant during periods without substantial legislative or technical developments. Substantial caution should therefore be exercised when using such data as proxies for mackerel distribution. Our results include a new temperature record for the shelf edge current obtained by embedding the available hydrographic observations within a statistical model needed to understand the migration through large parts of the life of adult mackerel and for the management of this major international fishery.
A Collaborative Representation Approach to Detecting Error-Related Potentials in SSVEP-BCIs

This study takes advantage of Error Related Potentials, a certain type of neurophysiological event associated with humans' ability to observe and recognize erroneous actions, in order to improve SSVEP-based Brain Computer Interfaces (BCIs). The Error Related Potentials serve as a passive correction mechanism that originates directly from the user's brain. In this paper we propose a novel approach to spatial filtering, based on a supervised variant of Collaborative Representation Projections (CRP) offering a more discriminant representation of electroencephalography signals for detecting Error Related Potentials. This new approach enhances the detectability of Error Related Potentials by projecting the spatial information of signals into a new space where samples of the same class tend to form local neighborhoods. Moreover, the limitations under which the Error Related Potentials positively contribute to the performance of a SSVEP-based BCI are explored. For this reason we also provide a new methodology, namely Inverse Correct Response Time (ICRT), that reliably captures the trade-off, between the gain of the automated error detection and the induced time delay of a BCI system that potentially incorporates Error Related Potentials.
Biomarker Evidence of Axonal Injury in Neuroasymptomatic HIV-1 Patients

Background Prevalence of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1 infected patients is reported to be high. Whether this is a result of active HIV-related neurodegeneration is unclear. We examined axonal injury in HIV-1 patients by measuring the light subunit of neurofilament protein (NFL) in CSF with a novel, sensitive method. Methods With a cross-sectional design, CSF concentrations of neurofilament protein light (NFL) (marker of neuronal injury), neopterin (intrathecal immunoactivation) and CSF/Plasma albumin ratio (blood-brain barrier integrity) were analyzed on CSF from 252 HIV-infected patients, subdivided into untreated neuroasymptomatics (n = 200), HIV-associated dementia (HAD) (n = 14) and on combinations antiretroviral treatment (cART) (n = 85), and healthy controls (n = 204). 46 HIV-infected patients were included in both treated and untreated groups, but sampled at different timepoints. Furthermore, 78 neuroasymptomatic patients were analyzed before and after treatment initiation. Results While HAD patients had the highest NFL concentrations, elevated CSF NFL was also found in 33% of untreated neuroasymptomatic patients, mainly in those with blood CD4+ cell counts below 250 cells/μL. CSF NFL concentrations in the untreated neuroasymptomatics and treated groups were equivalent to controls 18.5 and 3.9 years older, respectively. Neopterin correlated with NFL levels in untreated groups while the albumin ratio correlated with NFL in both untreated and treated groups. Conclusions Increased CSF NFL indicates ongoing axonal injury in many neuroasymptomatic patients. Treatment decreases NFL, but treated patients retain higher levels than controls, indicating either continued virus-related injury or an aging-like effect of HIV infection. NFL correlates with neopterin and albumin ratio, suggesting an association between axonal injury, neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier permeability. NFL appears to be a sensitive biomarker of subclinical and clinical brain injury in HIV and warrants further assessment for broader clinical use.
Constructions of symmetric-key encryption with guessing secrecy

Constructions of symmetric-key encryption with guessing secrecy are discussed. In the previous works, only a construction of symmetric-key encryption with average guessing secrecy is proposed for one-bit plaintexts. In this paper, we analyze a symmetric-key encryption with average guessing secrecy through OTP (one-time pad) constructions for a wide class of probability distributions of plaintexts and keys. As a result, we show a necessary and sufficient condition that such class of distributions satisfies average guessing secrecy in OTP constructions. On the other hand, we prove that optimal guessing secrecy is essentially equivalent to perfect secrecy under several natural restrictions. Therefore, only average guessing secrecy is meaningful for considering guessing secrecy other than perfect secrecy.
Type IV collagen mRNA accumulates in the mesenchymal compartment at early stages of murine developing intestine

The expression of type IV collagen mRNA during mouse intestinal morphogenesis was examined by in situ hybridization using a cDNA probe corresponding to mRNA for alpha 1 (IV) chain. Type IV collagen mRNA is detected in the embryonic mesenchymal cells at early stages of development (12 d of gestation). A segregation of mesenchymal cells expressing high levels of type IV collagen mRNA in close vicinity of the epithelium occurs just before villus formation. During villus outgrowth, type IV collagen mRNA, still confined to mesenchyme-derived tissues, is progressively restricted to the mucosal connective tissue (the lamina propria) and to a lesser extent to the muscular layers. In the adult, the amount of messenger is quite low as compared to the level found in the developing intestine and the in situ hybridization signal, indistinguishable from the background, is uniform throughout the whole intestinal wall. At all developmental stages no detectable specific hybridization signal is virtually observed over the epithelium cell layer. These results show that high amounts of the type IV collagen messenger are detected during phases of intensive morphogenetic events. Furthermore, they reinforce the notion already gained previously (Simon-Assmann et al. 1988) that the mesenchymal compartment is the principal endogenous source of type IV collagen. They also indicate that the continuous migration of epithelial cells along the basement membrane of intestinal villi in the mature organ is not accompanied by a significant remodeling of the collagen IV network.
Male Investments in High Quality Sperm Improve Fertilization Success, but May Have Negative Impact on Offspring Fitness in Whitefish

Many ejaculate traits show remarkable variation in relation to male social status. Males in disfavoured (subordinate) mating positions often invest heavily on sperm motility but may have less available resources on traits (e.g., secondary sexual ornaments) that improve the probability of gaining matings. Although higher investments in sperm motility can increase the relative fertilization success of subordinate males, it is unclear whether status-dependent differences in sperm traits could have any consequences for offspring fitness. We tested this possibility in whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) by experimentally fertilizing the eggs of 24 females with the sperm of either highly-ornamented (large breeding tubercles, dominant) or less-ornamented (small tubercles, subordinate) males (split-clutch breeding design). In comparison to highly-ornamented individuals, less-ornamented males had higher sperm motility, which fertilized the eggs more efficiently, but produced embryos with impaired hatching success. Also offspring size and body condition were lower among less-ornamented males. Furthermore, sperm motility was positively associated with the fertilization success and offspring size, but only in highly-ornamented males. Together our results indicate that male investments on highly motile (fertile) sperm is not necessarily advantageous during later offspring ontogeny and that male status-dependent differences in sperm phenotype may have important effects on offspring fitness in different life-history stages.
Survey of techniques for reduction of wind turbine blade trailing edge noise.

Aerodynamic noise from wind turbine rotors leads to constraints in both rotor design and turbine siting. The primary source of aerodynamic noise on wind turbine rotors is the interaction of turbulent boundary layers on the blades with the blade trailing edges. This report surveys concepts that have been proposed for trailing edge noise reduction, with emphasis on concepts that have been tested at either sub-scale or full-scale. These concepts include trailing edge serrations, low-noise airfoil designs, trailing edge brushes, and porous trailing edges. The demonstrated noise reductions of these concepts are cited, along with their impacts on aerodynamic performance. An assessment is made of future research opportunities in trailing edge noise reduction for wind turbine rotors.
Inhibition of Hes1 enhances lapatinib sensitivity in gastric cancer sphere-forming cells

It has been considered that the neurogenic locus notch homolog protein (Notch) signaling pathway serves an essential role in cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. However, the function of the Notch signaling pathway in gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) sensitivity remains unclear. The present study aimed to delineate the role of the Notch1 signaling pathway in GCSCs and lapatinib sensitivity. Sphere-forming cells were separated from human gastric cancer MKN45 parental cells. The sphere-forming cells exhibited characteristics of CSCs and higher Notch1 expression compared with that of parental cells. To investigate the role of the Notch1 signaling pathway in GCSCs, the expression of transcription factor Hes1 (Hes1) was knocked down using small interfering RNA against Hes1. It was observed that Hes1 expression was significantly downregulated in knocked down cells. The inhibition of Hes1 suppressed the properties of CSCs, as indicated by significant decreases in the expression of the transcription factor sex determining region Y-box 2, epithelial cell adhesion molecule and the homeobox protein Nanog and reduced spheroid colony formation. In addition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition was significantly impaired in sphere-forming cells following Hes1 knockdown. Furthermore, the inhibition of Hes1 effectively enhanced lapatinib sensitivity in sphere-forming cells. These results suggest that sphere-forming gastric cancer cells possess the characteristics of CSCs, and that the Notch1 signaling pathway serves an essential role in the maintenance of CSCs and lapatinib sensitivity.
Hierarchical Latent Words Language Models for Robust Modeling to Out-Of Domain Tasks

This paper focuses on language modeling with adequate robustness to support different domain tasks. To this end, we propose a hierarchical latent word language model (h-LWLM). The proposed model can be regarded as a generalized form of the standard LWLMs. The key advance is introducing a multiple latent variable space with hierarchical structure. The structure can flexibly take account of linguistic phenomena not present in the training data. This paper details the definition as well as a training method based on layer-wise inference and a practical usage in natural language processing tasks with an approximation technique. Experiments on speech recognition show the effectiveness of hLWLM in out-of domain tasks.
Recommendation System Based On Web Usage Mining and Semantic Web A

The World Wide Web is today a perennial source of immense information. There is therefore, a definite demand for automated methods that can locate, identify and retrieve information to cater to the individual’s requirements, demands or whims. The internet also creates newer possibilities to organize and recommend information. The ‘Recommendation System’ in ecommerce facilitates the discovery, collection and analysis of data on business and its impact on shoppers including their needs and desires by providing valued feedback on the potential effect of ebusiness on the lives of people. For organizing information, the recommender system incorporates data mining techniques into their recommendations using knowledge learned from the actions and attributes of the users. Web usage mining is an application of data mining techniques to discover usage patterns from web data in order to understand and better serve the needs of web-based applications. In this paper we present a survey on the recent studies in the area of recommendation systems based on web usage mining and semantic web.
Lateral distribution of sodium and potassium channels in frog skeletal muscle: measurements with a patch‐clamp technique.

We describe a method for recording Na+ and K+ currents (INa and IK) from small, voltage‐clamped patches of sarcolemma by means of fire‐polished glass micropipettes of 7‐15 microns tip diameter. Recordings can be made successively from many areas of one fibre. On a given fibre, the amplitudes of INa and IK varied from point to point. Maximum Na+ current densities varied up to three‐fold over distances of 10‐30 microns, typically between 4 and 12 mA/cm2. K+ currents showed somewhat less lateral variation. Local densities of INa and IK showed no correlation. Apparently the density of Na+ (and, to a lesser extent, K+) channels varies laterally. A contour map of Na+ channel density is constructed for a 20 microns X 90 microns section of sarcolemma. Based on the steepness of lateral gradients in channel density and the estimated survival time of a Na+ channel, it is calculated that at least half of the Na+ channels have a lateral diffusion coefficient of less than 2 X 10(‐12) cm2/s. This is three orders of magnitudes less than expected from their molecular size, and suggests that these channels are anchored in the sarcolemma.
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) Decentralized Solutions and Tactics for RTS

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Do Humans and Baboons Use the Same Information When Categorizing Human and Baboon Faces?

What information is used for sorting pictures of complex stimuli into categories? We applied a reverse correlation method to reveal the visual features mediating categorization in humans and baboons. Two baboons and 6 humans were trained to sort, by species, pictures of human and baboon faces on which random visual noise was superimposed. On ambiguous probe trials, a human-baboon morph was presented, eliciting “human” responses on some trials and “baboon” responses on others. The difference between the noise patterns that induced the two responses made explicit the information mediating the classification. Unlike the humans, the baboons based their categorization on information that closely matched that used by a theoretical observer responding solely on the basis of the pixel similarities between the probe and training images. We show that the classification-image technique and principal components analysis provide a method to make explicit the differences in the information mediating categorization in humans and animals.
Atypische Beschäftigung im Erwerbsverlauf: Verlaufstypen als Ausdruck sozialer Spaltung? / Atypical Employment and Careers: Do Types of Careers Reflect Social Division?

Zusammenfassung Der Artikel beleuchtet die Dynamik atypischer Beschäftigung in individuellen Erwerbsverläufen auf der Grundlage des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels 2002-2011. Mit Hilfe von Sequenzmuster- und Clusteranalysen werden Erwerbsverläufe in unterschiedlichen biografisch bedeutsamen Erwerbsphasen typisiert. Insbesondere Erwerbsverläufe in der beruflichen Einstiegsphase integrieren atypische Beschäftigung episodenhaft. In der Haupterwerbsphase tritt atypische Beschäftigung verstärkt in kontinuierlicher Form auf und wird von Frauen in unbefristeter Teilzeit dominiert. Dies gilt - weniger weit verbreitet - auch für den Übergang in die Rente. Es lassen sich phasen-, geschlechts- und qualifikationsspezifische Verlaufsmuster mit atypischer Beschäftigung erkennen, oftmals ohne Berührungspunkte mit dem Normalarbeitsverhältnis. Diese Spaltungstendenzen bringen aber nur für wenige Betroffene eine Kumulation von Risiken sozialer Ungleichheit mit sich. Summary This article examines the role of atypical employment in individual careers. Using sequence and cluster analyses based on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel from 2002 to 2011, it identifies career types in three biographically relevant employment phases. Employment careers integrate atypical employment in particular during the job-entry phase, which, usually, is episodic in nature. During the main phase of employment, atypical employment turns out to be more stable over time and is mainly found among women who work permanently in part-time jobs. This also applies - though less wide-spread - for the transition into retirement. We can identify phase-, gender-, and qualification-specific career types that integrate atypical employment, often with hardly any points of contact to standard employment. These socially divisive tendencies, however, entail an accumulation of social risks for relatively few people.