Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bacteriophage T12 of Streptococcus pyogenes integrates into the gene encoding a serine tRNA

The region of temperate bacteriophage T12 responsible for integration into the chromosome of Streptococcus pyogenes has been identified. The integrase gene (int) and the phage attachment site (attP) are found immediately upstream of the gene for speA, the latter of which is known to be responsible for the production of erythrogenic toxin A (also known as pyrogenic exotoxin A). The integrase gene has a coding capacity for a protein of 41 457 Da, and the C‐terminus of the deduced protein is similar to other conserved C‐terminal regions typical of phage integrases. Upstream of int is a second open reading frame, which is capable of encoding an acidic protein of 72 amino acids (8744 Da); the position of this region in relation to int suggests it to be the phage excisionase gene (xis). The arms flanking the integrated prophage (attL and attR) were identified, allowing determination of the sequences of the phage (attP) and bacterial (attB) attachment sites. A fragment containing the integrase gene and attP was cloned into a streptococcal suicide vector; when introduced into S. pyogenes by electrotransformation, this plasmid stably integrated into the bacterial chromosome at attB. The insertion site for the phage into the S. pyogenes chromosome was found to be in the anticodon loop of a putative type II gene for a serine tRNA. attP and attB share a region of identity that is 96 bp in length; this region of identity corresponds to the 3′ end of the tRNA gene such that the coding sequence remains intact after integration of the prophage. The symmetry of the core region of att may set this region apart from previously described phage attachment sites (Campbell, 1992), and may play a role in the biology of this medically important bacteriophage.
Determinants of Digital Piracy: A Re-examination of Results

Summary This paper empirically investigates determinants of digital piracy in Germany for several types of digitized products. To this end we rely on a survey comprising behavior and attitudes at the individual level. The sample matches some demographic characteristics of the German population with high-speed internet access with regard to gender and age composition. It also maps the share of foreign nationals in Germany. Self-selection in the drawing of our sample is assessed by a control experiment. In contrast to existing studies, we sharply discriminate between frequency and extent of pirating digital media. We find no significant gender difference in the propensity to pirate. However, male individuals are prone to pirate at a significantly larger scale.We attribute this finding to male individuals acting more frequently as hubs in the social prestige enhancing distribution of pirated media. It is particularly important in the light of the recent development of the distribution process from peer-to-peer online networks to offline forms of file swapping. Our findings are confirmed by recent piracy related crime statistics of the Federal Office of Criminal Investigation (Bundeskriminalamt).
Foreign exchange market intervention in EMEs: implications for central banks

The recovery of the global economy that followed the Lehman bankruptcy in September 2008 has been associated with renewed foreign currency inflows to emerging market economies (EMEs), reflecting a combination of capital inflows and current account surpluses. The resulting exchange rate appreciation and the question of what do about it have raised concerns that were last heard prior to the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers. Many emerging market central banks have responded to appreciation pressures by intervening in foreign exchange markets, thus expanding central bank foreign assets and balance sheets. An important concern is that large changes in central bank balance sheets induced by foreign asset growth will hinder the conduct of monetary policy.
A High-Voltage “Quasi-p-LDMOS” Using Electrons as Carriers in Drift Region Applied for SPIC

A new type of “quasi-p-lateral diffused metal oxide semiconductor” (quasi-p-LDMOS), in which electrons are used as conductive carriers in the drift region is proposed. A floating electrode F is used in the “quasi-p-LDMOS” to transform the hole current into electron current. Then, by using an integrated low-voltage power and an inverter to control the electron current automatically, the specific on-resistance (<italic>R </italic><sub>on,sp</sub>) is significantly reduced and the device can be successfully turned on and off. Simulation results show that the <italic>R</italic><sub>on,sp</sub> is 12.77 and 31 mΩ·cm<sup>2</sup> for a 349 and 630 V “quasi-p-LDMOS,” being only about 19.7% and 14.7% of a Triple-RESURF p-LDMOS, respectively. Moreover, the <italic>R</italic><sub>on,sp</sub> is even lower than that of a Triple-RESURF n-LDMOS at the same rated breakdown voltage. The figure of merit of the device is 3 to 7 times of that of state-of-the-arts. The “quasi-p-LDMOS” is designed as a low-side device in a new high-voltage CMOS circuit. By applying the “quasi-p-LDMOS” in the CMOS circuit, the total power loss is much lower than that of a conventional half-bridge circuit in a wide operating frequency. The “quasi-p-LDMOS” is suitable for smart power integrated circuit to improve both the integration level and system efficiency, and simplifies the circuit design.
Genetic networks: processing data, regulatory network modelling and their analysis

Recent advances in post-genomic biology are enabling us to investigate and reconstruct the precise gene interaction networks. Inferring genetic networks from a large-scale expression data is very important to understand the underlying biological systems. Thus in this paper, we review the state of the art in genetic network research field. First we focus on the latest techniques developed for processing raw expression data for reconstructing genetic networks. We next discuss a number of significant impacting factors of regulatory networks. Third, we present several popular models for inferring genetic networks and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of each model.
A survey of automatic text summarization techniques for Indian and foreign languages

Today in the era of Big Data, textual data is rapidly growing and is available in many different languages. In the fast-moving world, it's difficult to read all the text-content. Hence, the need for text summarization is being in the spotlight. Automatic text summarization is a technique which compresses large text to a shorter text which includes the important information. There are two types of summaries: Extractive summaries and Abstractive summaries. Extractive summaries are produced by extracting the whole sentences from the source text. Abstractive summaries are produced by reformulating sentences of the source text. Several text summarization techniques have been proposed in past years for English and various European languages but there are very few techniques that can be found for native languages of India. This paper presents a survey of text summarization techniques for various Indian and foreign languages like English, European, etc. Also, an approach for summarizing Hindi text using machine learning technique has been proposed. We have also described few challenges which are still under research.
Family-based care and psychological problems of AIDS orphans: Does it matter who was the care-giver?

The purpose of this study is to compare psychological symptoms among double AIDS orphans (i.e. children who lost both of their parents to HIV/AIDS) who were in the care of different family-based caregivers (i.e. surviving parent, grandparents, other relatives, and non-relatives) before they were replaced in orphanages. The participants include 176 double AIDS orphans from four AIDS orphanages in rural China. Prior to being replaced in AIDS orphanages, these children had received family-based care by different caregivers, which included surviving parent (38%), grandparents (22%), other relatives (19%), and non-relatives (22%). The psychological measures include traumatic symptoms, depression, and loneliness. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses suggested that children who were previously cared for by non-relatives scored significantly higher in traumatic symptoms, depression, and loneliness scales than children who were previously cared for by their surviving parent, grandparents, and other relatives. Children in the care of grandparents reported the best scores on all psychological measures among children in the care of non-parent relatives. Multivariate analysis, controlling for children's gender, age, length in orphanages, number of household replacements, and total duration of replacement, revealed that the type of caregivers was significantly associated with psychological problems. Results in the current study suggest that children under the care of their grandparents reported the best psychological outcomes when their parents were unable to care for them because of AIDS. Appropriate psychological support and counseling services are needed for AIDS orphans who were either currently or previously under non-relative family-based care in China.
Production of transgenic bovine embryos by transfer of transfected granulosa cells into enucleated oocytes

Adult granulosa donor cells used in the nuclear transfer (NT) procedure can result in cloned cattle. Subsequently, it may be possible to use the same cell type to produce cloned transgenic cattle. Therefore, this study examined the effect of genetic manipulation and serum levels in culture of donor granulosa cells on developmental rates and cell number of bovine NT embryos. A primary cell line was established from granulosa cells collected by aspirating ovarian follicles. Cells transfected with a plasmid containing the enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene, and non‐transfected cells were used for cloning between passage 10 and 15 as serum‐starved and serum‐fed donor cells. There were no significant differences (P > 0.1) in cleavage rates or development to the blastocyst stage for NT embryos from transfected (60.4 and 13.5%, respectively) or non‐transfected (61.9 and 14.1%, respectively) and serum‐starved (60.6 and 13.4%, respectively) or serum‐fed (61.3 and 14%, respectively) cells. Development rates to blastocyst stage of embryos produced using cells at passage 15 (27.1%) were significantly higher than those produced with cells at passage 10,11, and 13 (7, 11.5, and 14%, respectively, P < 0.05). Green fluorescence was observed at different intensity levels in all blastocyst stage embryos resulting from transfected donor cells. The results of the present study indicated that genetically modified granulosa cells can be used to produce transgenic NT embryos and primary transgenic adult cells at late passage may be more effective donor cells than earlier passaged cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 60: 20–26, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impacts of G2V and V2G power on electricity demand profile

Successful integration of growing number of energy-efficient electric vehicles (EV) into existing power grid necessitates the study of impacts posed by their adoption in larger numbers. However, their gradual adoption will give sufficient time to the utilities for planning the infrastructure upgrades to prevent destabilization of power network. The work presented in this paper investigates the proportion of energy that can be injected back into the grid by EVs through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) mechanism. The V2G energy profiles are obtained using constant power discharging approach for various power levels (as per charging standards) during the time vehicles are parked. For charging, constant power followed by constant time charging approach is used in succession complying with Li-ion battery charging characteristics together with a constraint of retaining reasonable battery lifetime. The simultaneous effect of V2G power and resulting G2V load on typical daily load curve is figured taking modified IEEE 30-bus as a test system.
Examining the relationships between attributes of e-service delivery, involvement, trust and behavioural intentions in the internet environment

This study examines the influence that specific attributes of e-service delivery and product involvement have on the development of trust in a business-to-consumer Internet context. It also examines the influence trust has on behavioural intentions. Data were gathered via an online questionnaire, resulting in 518 responses of sports consumers. The results indicate that all attributes of e-service delivery were found to have a positive influence on trust, in the website product involvement was also found to have an effect, with trust influencing behavioural intentions. Conclusions, implications and future research directions are discussed.
Avoiding the Buyer's Fallacy: Consumer Perceptions of Products Before Purchase.

Online product reviews are an important source of “word-of-mouth” advice on purchases. We examine whether online reviews reveal inconsistencies in product preferences; in particular, when consumers evaluate a product positively, do they always recommend its purchase? Discrepancies between product evaluations and recommendations can be considered a type of “preference reversal,” potentially arising from differences in attribute weighting when making judgments. We analyzed product reviews posted publically online, and compared evaluations and purchase recommendations for cell phone products and their attributes (e.g., ease of use, design, and display). The results indicate that evaluation and recommendation judgments are influenced by different attributes. Evaluations were found to be heavily influenced by perceptions of ease of use, whereas purchase recommendations were influenced by observable attributes such as design. These findings have implications for “wordof-mouth” marketing, product design and services that rely on consumer recommendations.
Dynamic stiffness profiles in the left ventricle.

Diastolic pressure-volume (P-V) curves were calculated on a beat-to-beat basis in the open-chest, pentobarbital-anesthetized dog, using the technique of direct transmitral flow measurement previously described. P-V curves were constructed and the slope (dP/dV) was plotted vs. pressure and time. dP/dV was used as an index of stiffness in each heart and its instantaneous changes with time were followed throughout the diastolic period. The end-diastolic P-V relation based on points from successive cycles during volume loading was found to be exponential. In contrast, the instantaneous P-V relation during any one diastolic period was not exponential. That is, the dynamic dP/dV vs. pressure plot was nonlinear. In the normal heart, stiffness was characterized in early diastole by a negative dP/dV as the ventricle continued to relax, and then frequently decreased prior to a second stiffness rise with atrial augmentation. These findings can be explained by a model containing an element whose deformation is rate dependent, i.e., a parallel viscous element. Stiffness profiles in mitral stenosis where dynamic effects are minimized substantiate this conclusion.
Toward Social Cognition in Robotics: Extracting and Internalizing Meaning from Perception

One of the long-term objectives of artificial cognition is that robots will increas- ingly be capable of interacting with their hu- man counterparts in open-ended tasks that can change over time. To achieve this end, the robot should be able to acquire and internalize new knowledge from human-robot interaction, on- line. This implies that the robot should attend and perceive the available cues, both verbal and nonverbal, that contain information about the inner qualities of the human counterparts. Social cognition focuses on the perceiver's ability to build cognitive representations of actors (emotions, intentions, . . . ) and their contexts. These representations should provide meaning to the sensed inputs and mediate the behavioural responses of the robot within this social scenario. This paper describes how the abilities for building such as cognitive representations are currently endowing in the cognitive software architecture RoboCog. It also presents a first set of complete experi- ments, involving different user profiles. These experiments show the promising possibilities of the proposal, and reveal the main future improvements to be addressed. Index Terms—Perception, verbal interac- tion, human-oriented perception, inner model.
Banner Advertisements through a New Lens

ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of brand familiarity and internet user experience on banner-ad effectiveness. The results from a large empirical study show that there are major differences between the performances of banner ads for familiar and unfamiliar brands. Advertisements for familiar brands tend to wear out quickly, whereas banner ads for unfamiliar brands need multiple exposures to wear in. Major differences are also found between novice and expert internet users regarding their susceptibility to web advertising. Novice users are more affected by banner ads than are expert users. Implications based on the findings are discussed.
A Review of Recent Literature

Do investments in transportation infrastructure provide long-term economic benefits? That question has generated an enormous research output over the past decade, mostly produced by economists. The question is of central importance to planners who must often argue for (or against) transportation infrastructure projects. This article does not provide an unambiguous answer to the question but rather reviews and summarizes the recent empirical literature that addresses the question. Given that so much of that literature has appeared in academic journals of economics, many planners have not been aware of the findings. Planners interested in the question but disinclined to wade through the econometrics so heavily employed in that literature will find this review article useful. One of the defining features of planning, as a discipline, is its explicit recognition and utilization of spatial-political boundaries within which policies are implemented. Thus, while there are many planners who are interested in aggregate geographical units such as states or the nation as a whole, there are far more who focus on local consequences of place-specific projects, namely, planners with metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). But given that local transportation projects often depend on funds from higher levels of government (Lewis and Sprague 1997; Voith 1998), it is relevant for all planners interested in transportation to understand the nature of economic impacts of transportation at both the local and aggregate levels. The literature reviewed in this article, therefore, includes localas well as stateand national-level studies, even while distinguishing between these different perspectives. The economic benefits of transportation improvements seem obvious when reading newspaper stories about trucks waiting two hours to cross the Peace Bridge linking Buffalo and Erie, Ontario, or of hellish conditions and dangers on former roads in the Congo where a thirty-mile journey may take more than one day by truck. But the measurement of such benefits is not obvious, nor is it easy. There are two broad classes of economic benefits that might arise as a consequence of public investment in transportation: short-run benefits and long-run benefits. Short-run benefits are the employment, earnings, and spending stimuli that spread from the construction industry to suppliers, workers, and retailers. Multipliers from input-output tables are used to estimate the industry-by-industry effects of a transportation project. This review excludes
Dermatofibrome Extending into the Subcutaneous Tissue: Differential Diagnosis from Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans

When dermatofibromas are composed predominantly of fibroblasts and extend into the subcutaneous tissue, it may be difficult to distinguish them from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Because the patterns of extension of dermatofibroma have not been well characterized, we studied 185 cases of the fibrous variant of dermatofibroma with extension into the subcutaneous tissue and 40 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Dermatofibromas had two main patterns of extension into subcutaneous tissue. One pattern, seen in 133 of 185 cases (72%), consisted of irregular extension into the subcutaneous tissue in a vertical or radial fashion, predominantly along the septa, which appeared wedge-shaped. The other pattern, seen in 52 of 185 cases (28%), showed a smooth and well-demarcated deep margin that bulged into the subcutaneous tissue. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans also had two main patterns of extension into the subcutaneous tissue. In one pattern, seen in 12 of 40 cases (30%), slender spindle-shaped cells extended along septa and between fat cells in a classic honeycomb or lacelike pattern. The other pattern observed in 24 of 40 cases (60%) exhibited a distinct multilayered pattern in which the bundles of slender spindle-shaped cells showed a predominantly parallel orientation to the skin surface. In four cases (10%), a mixture of both patterns was present. We conclude that the patterns of extension of dermatofibroma into the subcutaneous tissue are different from the patterns of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.
Role of the military community mental health nurse.

AIM To understand the role and effect of a community mental health nurse (CMHN) deployed to work with military personnel during sea-based operations. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted to ascertain Royal Navy aircraft carrier military unit commanders' perceptions and experiences of the CMHN's role. FINDINGS Three mutually inclusive components are necessary to ensure successful integration of the CMHN: familiarity, trust and credibility. CONCLUSION For CMHNs to function successfully and provide mental health care to sea-based military personnel, they need to demonstrate familiarity, trust and credibility. This will enhance uptake of mental health services among military personnel and ensure they are fit for service.
Glycerol elicits energy taxis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium

Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium show positive chemotaxis to glycerol, a chemical previously reported to be a repellent for E. coli. The threshold of the attractant response in both species was 10(-6) M glycerol. Glycerol chemotaxis was energy dependent and coincident with an increase in membrane potential. Metabolism of glycerol was required for chemotaxis, and when lactate was present to maintain energy production in the absence of glycerol, the increases in membrane potential and chemotactic response upon addition of glycerol were abolished. Methylation of a chemotaxis receptor was not required for positive glycerol chemotaxis in E. coli or S. typhimurium but is involved in the negative chemotaxis of E. coli to high concentrations of glycerol. We propose that positive chemotaxis to glycerol in E. coli and S. typhimurium is an example of energy taxis mediated via a signal transduction pathway that responds to changes in the cellular energy level.
Fluorescence Spectral Features of Blood Components of Pregnant Women

CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 113, NO. 3, 10 AUGUST 2017 457 *For correspondence. (e-mail: masila123@gmail.com) End-to-end research evaluation needs to separate out the bibliometric part of the chain from the econometric part. Both size-dependent and size-independent terms play a crucial role to combine quantity and quality (impact) in a meaningful way. Output or outcome at the bibliometric level can be measured using zeroth, first or secondorder composite indicators, and the productivity terms follow accordingly using the input to output or outcome factors.