Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Sub-mW All-Digital Signal Component Separator With Branch Mismatch Compensation for OFDM LINC Transmitters

Linear amplification with nonlinear components (LINC) is an attractive technique for achieving linear amplification with high efficiency. This paper presents a sub-mW all-digital signal component separator (SCS) design for OFDM LINC transmitters, including a phase calculator and a digital-control phase shifter (DCPS) pair. In addition, a digital mismatch compensation scheme is proposed and integrated into the SCS to reduce the design complexity of the power amplifier. This chip is manufactured in a 90 nm standard CMOS process with an active area of 0.06 mm2. The DCPS can generate phase-modulated signals at 100 MHz with 8-bit resolution and RMS error 9.33 ps (0.34°). The phase calculation can be performed at a maximum speed of 50 MHz using a 0.5 V supply voltage, resulting in a 73.88% power reduction. Comparing to state-of-the-art, the power consumption of the overall SCS is only 949.5 μW which minimizes the power overhead for an LINC transmitter. This SCS with the branch mismatch compensation provides a 0.02 dB gain and 0.15° phase fine-tune resolution without adding additional front-end circuits. Considering 1 dB gain and 10° phase mismatch, the system EVM of - 29.81 dB and ACPR of - 34.56 dB can still be achieved for 5 MHz bandwidth 64-QAM OFDM signals.
The Distribution of Quiet Sun Magnetic Field Strengths from 0 to 1800 G

The quiet-Sun photospheric plasma has a variety of magnetic field strengths going from zero to 1800 G. The empirical characterization of these field strengths requires a probability density function (PDF), i.e., a function P(B) describing the fraction of quiet Sun occupied by each field strength B. We show how to combine magnetic field strength measurements based on the Zeeman effect and the Hanle effect to estimate an unbiased P(B). The application of the method to real observations renders a set of possible PDFs, which outline the general characteristics of the quiet-Sun magnetic fields. Their most probable field strength differs from zero. The magnetic energy density is a significant fraction of the kinetic energy of the granular motions at the base of the photosphere (larger than 15% or larger than 2 × 103 ergs cm-3). The unsigned flux density (or mean magnetic field strength) has to be between 130 and 190 G. A significant part of the unsigned flux (between 10% and 50%) and of the magnetic energy (between 45% and 85%) are provided by the field strengths larger than 500 G, which, however, occupy only a small fraction of the surface (between 1% and 10%). The fraction of kG fields in the quiet Sun is even smaller, but they are important for a number of reasons. The kG fields still trace a significant fraction of the total magnetic energy, they reach the high photosphere, and they appear in unpolarized light images. The quiet-Sun photosphere has far more unsigned magnetic flux and magnetic energy than the active regions and the network combined.
Algorithm 650: Efficient square root implementation on the 68000

Two square root algorithms (for integer and floating point data types) are presented, which aresimpler and more efficient than standard procedures. These could be effectively used as the basis ofhardware-based square root generators as well as for software implementations. One possible appli-cation for an efficient square root routine would be in calculating trigonometric and exponentialfunctions. (This application may be primarily of academic interest, however, since standard tran-scendental function generators would generally be more efficient.) Three accompanying MC68000implementations of the algorithm for 32-bit integer and IEEE single- and double-precision data areavailable on the CALGO listing. These programs return rounding status in the condition code register,and they exhibit the following approximate runtime performance at 8 MHz: 105-134 ps (integer);180-222 ps (single precision); 558-652 ps (double precision).
Analyzing the structure and function of neuronal circuits in zebrafish

The clever choice of animal models has been instrumental for many breakthrough discoveries in life sciences. One of the outstanding challenges in neuroscience is the in-depth analysis of neuronal circuits to understand how interactions between large numbers of neurons give rise to the computational power of the brain. A promising model organism to address this challenge is the zebrafish, not only because it is cheap, transparent and accessible to sophisticated genetic manipulations but also because it offers unique advantages for quantitative analyses of circuit structure and function. One of the most important advantages of zebrafish is its small brain size, both at larval and adult stages. Small brains enable exhaustive measurements of neuronal activity patterns by optical imaging and facilitate large-scale reconstructions of wiring diagrams by electron microscopic approaches. Such information is important, and probably essential, to obtain mechanistic insights into neuronal computations underlying higher brain functions and dysfunctions. This review provides a brief overview over current methods and motivations for dense reconstructions of neuronal activity and connectivity patterns. It then discusses selective advantages of zebrafish and provides examples how these advantages are exploited to study neuronal computations in the olfactory bulb.
The impacts of travel motives and information needs on destination image

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between travel motives, travel information needs, and destination image. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire from 625 Tanzania inbound tourists. Multiple linear regression results provide evidence of the effects of travel motives on travel information needs and on cognitive but not on affective destination image. Travel information needs have a significant effect on nature based cognitive destination image and on risk reduction travel information needs. The efficiency travel information needs significantly influence cultural cognitive destination image. Travel information needs were observed not to exert a significant influence on the affective destination image. Furthermore, travel information needs mediate the influence of travel motives only on nature based destination image. The study provides insight into destination management organizations on the designing and packaging of travel information to create different types of destination image and entice tourists with different travel motives.
Research on Measurement of Software Package Dependency based on Component

Dependence between software packages is of importance to influence the extendibility and stability of system. In existing programs, dependence mainly manifests for class and component. Here, it has the important guiding sense to our system construction and programming. This paper analyzed the dependency between software packages, and designed the algorithm for detection existence of the package dependency loop, based on defined dependency, stability, no-responsibility and stability of the System; and then elevated the package design principles. To validate our design methodology in software development, which is valid and can be helpful for the programmers, we developed a software to analyze the dependencies between the software packages and use a graphical method to express this dependency.
Primary Lens Luxation in Australian Tenterfield and Miniature Bull Terriers is due to an old ADAMTS17 mutation and is an additive trait

Primary Lens Luxation (PLL) is an inherited disease common in Terrier breeds. A truncating mutation in the ADAMTS17 orthologue on CFA03 is reported to cause PLL in 17 breeds, mostly Terriers. This study investigated the mode of inheritance and penetrance of PLL, age of the ADAMTS17 mutation, and other possible causes of PLL in Australian Tenterfield Terriers and Miniature Bull Terriers. The ADAMTS17 mutation and 30 nearby microsatellites on CFA03 were genotyped in 66 Australian Tenterfield Terriers, and 74 Miniature Bull Terriers. Lifetime risk of developing clinical PLL in homozygote and heterozygous animals, penetrance of PLL in general population, and recurrence risk of the disease for offspring and siblings of an index case was estimated. The effect of the ADAMTS17 mutation on the risk of PLL was dose and age dependent, and best fitted an additive model. Primary lens luxation was fully penetrant in homozygotes over 6 years and incompletely penetrant with a significant risk of PLL in heterozygote animals. Microsatellite haplotype testing estimated the mutation to be an old mutation, consistent with its appearance on several different background haplotypes and suggesting it entered the tested Tenterfield Terrier population at least three times, and the tested Miniature Bull Terrier population once. Finite polygenic model and survival analyses suggested that the ADAMTS17 mutation is the main cause of PLL in these breeds, and if the PLL phenotype is controlled by factors other than this mutation, such as a second locus or an environmental effect, the effect is much less than that of this disease associated SNP.
Reconstruction-Based Metric Learning for Unconstrained Face Verification

In this paper, we propose a reconstruction-based metric learning method to learn a discriminative distance metric for unconstrained face verification. Unlike conventional metric learning methods, which only consider the label information of training samples and ignore the reconstruction residual information in the learning procedure, we apply a reconstruction criterion to learn a discriminative distance metric. For each training example, the distance metric is learned by enforcing a margin between the interclass sparse reconstruction residual and interclass sparse reconstruction residual, so that the reconstruction residual of training samples can be effectively exploited to compute the between-class and within-class variations. To better use multiple features for distance metric learning, we propose a reconstruction-based multimetric learning method to collaboratively learn multiple distance metrics, one for each feature descriptor, to remove uncorrelated information for recognition. We evaluate our proposed methods on the Labelled Faces in the Wild (LFW) and YouTube face data sets and our experimental results clearly show the superiority of our methods over both previous metric learning methods and several state-of-the-art unconstrained face verification methods.
Soft information forwarding design for a two-way relaying channel

In this paper we investigate novel soft mutual information forwarding (MIF) protocols in a two-way relay channel (TWRC), where two sources exchange information with the help of an intermediate relay. Based on the estimated signals from the two sources, the relay calculates the soft mutual information, and then broadcasts it to the two sources. In specific, we propose two MIF protocols, namely, network coded MIF (NC-MIF) and superposition coded MIF (SC-MIF), suitable to different channel conditions. The expressions derived for the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the sources reveal that if both source-to-relay channels are in good conditions, the NC-MIF outperforms the SC-MIF. Otherwise, the SC-MIF is superior to the NC-MIF. For the TWRC with varying channels, we further develop an adaptive scheme, which enables the dynamic switch between the two protocols, depending on the received SNR at the sources. Furthermore, the threshold that determines the switch of the protocols is developed as a close-form expression. Simulation results show that our adaptive scheme outperforms all the existing relaying protocols in the fading channels.
Variation in catchment areas of Indiana bat ( Myotis sodalis ) hibernacula inferred from stable hydrogen (δ 2 H) isotope analysis.

Understanding seasonal movements of bats is important for effective conservation efforts. Although female Indi- ana bats (Myotis sodalis Miller and Allen, 1928) have been documented to migrate >500 km, knowledge of their migratory patterns is still extremely limited. We used the relationship between latitude and stable hydrogen isotope ratio in bat hair (d 2 Hhair) to estimate the north-south extent of the summer range (catchment area) of bats hibernating in 14 Indiana bat hi- bernacula in eight states throughout its range. Range of d 2 Hhair values varied substantially among hibernacula, suggesting large differences among sites in the north-south distance travelled by bats between summer and winter habitats. In particu- lar, hibernacula in the southern portion of the range had greater catchment areas than those in the central and northern por- tions of the range. Variability in movement distances among sites was not associated with the number of hair samples analyzed or colony size. Significant year-to-year variation (2007-2008 to 2008-2009) in the distribution of d 2 Hhair for two
UDCA: An energy efficient clustering algorithm for wireless sensor network

In the past few years, the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) potentially increased in applications such as intrusion detection, forest fire detection, disaster management and battle field. Sensor nodes are generally battery operated low cost devices. The key challenge in the design and operation of WSNs is to prolong the network life time by reducing the energy consumption among sensor nodes. Node clustering is one of the most promising techniques for energy conservation. This paper presents a novel clustering algorithm which maximizes the network lifetime by reducing the number of communication among sensor nodes. This approach also includes new distributed cluster formation technique that enables self-organization of large number of nodes, algorithm for maintaining constant number of clusters by prior selection of cluster head and rotating the role of cluster head to evenly distribute the energy load among all sensor nodes.
EXPLAINING THE EVOLUTION OF THE U.S. HOUSING MARKET

Over the past few decades, both the relative price of housing structures and housing services consumption relative to nondurables increased significantly in the United States. This paper explores demand-side factors such as an increase in idiosyncratic earnings risks and changes in housing institutions as potential explanations for the phenomenon. We build a general equilibrium incomplete markets model of housing and compare two steady states that correspond to the 1967 and 2000 U.S. economies. Our model can generate the simultaneous increase in the relative price of houses and housing services consumption relative to nondurables. We find that the increased earnings risks are crucial in replicating this pattern.
National Identity and Migration in an Emerging Gateway Community

This paper examines how conceptions of national and local identity influence reactions to migration in the Shenandoah Valley, a rural location in Southwest Virginia with unique demographic characteristics. While Shenandoah Valley residents have been predominantly non-Hispanic whites of European descent, a recent visible influx of Hispanic laborers, a higher than national average Muslim population, a history of refugee resettlement and the migration of urbanites from Northern Virginia have made the Valley one of the most diverse locations in the state of Virginia today. Using a qualitative methods approach with both apriori and emergent coding, I offer some insights as to how a traditional ethnic and civic framework of national identity and emergent themes of local identity, including family values and traditionalism, influence reactions to the changing demographics in this rural community.
Laser-Assisted Periodontal Management of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth under General Anesthesia: A Viable Option

Gingival overgrowth/hyperplasia can be attributed to several causes, but drug-induced gingival overgrowth/hyperplasia arises secondarily to prolonged use of antihypertensive drugs, anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants. The management is complex in nature considering the multitude of factors involved such as substitution of drug strict plaque control along with excision of the tissue to be performed under local anesthesia as outpatient. In the recent times, the patient's psychological fear of the treatment with the use of surgical blade and multiple visits has developed the concept of single visit treatment under general anesthesia incorporating a laser as viable option. The present case highlights the new method of management of gingival overgrowth.
Validation of a ( peer ) feedback perceptions questionnaire

A core educational goal is to produce self-directed lifelong learners who have acquired or are able to acquire the knowledge and skills necessary for their future professional workplace in a networked world. Constructivist and socio-constructivist theories of learning and instruction recommend using collaborative learning scenarios in all kinds of educational contexts in order to attain this goal. Thus, (networked) collaborative learning receives increasing attention in Higher and Further Education. To empower students as self-regulated and collaborative learners peer assessment and peer feedback are increasingly applied in both networked and face-to-face collaborative learning environments. Thus, the conditions under which peer feedback is beneficial for students’ learning are worth to be investigated in detail. While the efficiency of feedback content has received much attention in prior feedback research, students’ feedback perceptions have been hardly studied. In addition, students’ emotional state can mediate the impact of (peer) feedback on their performance. Yet, each kind of feedback has to be perceived and processed in a mindful way, that is, attended to, understood and interpreted, and finally transformed into a corrective action by the student before it can influence subsequent learning. Since up to now the issue of feedback perception has been a neglected area of feedback research, instruments for measuring feedback perceptions are lacking. The purpose of this paper is thus to describe the development and the structural validation of a feedback perception questionnaire which measures students’ feedback perceptions in terms of fairness (FA), usefulness (US), acceptance (AC), willingness to improve (WI) and affect (AF). The sample consists of 1535 secondary education students. They received a scenario in which a fictional student received fictional peer feedback on a writing assignment and this feedback was Concise General (CGF) or Elaborated Specific (ESF). The students’ were asked to rate their perception of the feedback as if they had received the feedback themselves. The analyses confirm the structural validity of the five scales. FA, US and AC constitute the joined second order component ‘Perceived Adequacy of Feedback’ (PAF), which in turn positively predicts willingness to improve (WI) and affect (AF). The scale reliabilities were good to excellent.
Tales of Huffman: An Exercise in Dealing with Messy Data

Statistics education reformers have for years called for the use of real data in teaching introductory statistics(Ballman, 1997; Garfield et al., 2004; Hogg, 1991). Instructors now have ready access to cases, textbookproblems and other exercises with accompanying well-documented sets of real or realistic data. On-line portalsand data libraries provide a huge array of real data sets keyed variously to substantive topics and statisticaltechniques suitable for introductory students. The vast majority of these real datasets tend to have already been cleaned up by their preparers. As enrichingas these resources are, relatively few of them offer students first-hand experience with the essential messiness of“real” real data. There is a good case to be made that data cleaning and preparation belong in introductorycourses (Burger & Leopold, 2001). Certainly, problems of missing, dirty, and incomplete data are importanttopics within the field (Hoyle, 1971; Rubin, 1976; Wagner, 2002). Using field data from the Wright Brothers’ 1904 experiments, this case leads introductory or intermediate studentsthrough a process of data preparation, illustrating five common steps in data preparation and cleaning:standardizing the format of data records, deciding how to treat ambiguously recorded data, conversion of measurementsto a single standard unit, detecting and resolving issues with outliers, and imputation of missing data.
On-Chip Cryopreservation: A Novel Method for Ultra-Rapid Cryoprotectant-Free Cryopreservation of Small Amounts of Human Spermatozoa

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa free from cryoprotectant can avoid toxicity caused by highly concentrated cryoprotectant and a series of specific carriers have been previously explored, except for PDMS chip. Our study is aimed at exploring a novel device for ultra-rapid cryopreservation of small numbers of spermatozoa without cryoprotectant based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips. Spermatozoa from 25 healthy men were involved in this study, comparing on-chip cryopreservation with different micro-channel height (group A: 10 µm height, group B: 50 µm height, group C: 100 µm height) and conventional freezing (group D) in liquid nitrogen for 72 h. The viability, motility, DNA integrity by comet assay and acrosome integrity by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) staining of frozen-thawed spermatozoa of each group were compared. The motility and viability of post-thawed spermatozoa was significantly decreased than that of pre-freezing spermatozoa. There was no difference of viability and motility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa between group A and D, while viability and motility of group B and C decreased compared to group A. Comet assay showed that no matter for group A or D, there was no difference of CR, TL, TD and OTM between pre-frozen and post-thawed spermatozoa. There was no difference of CR, TL, TD and OTM of post-thawed spermatozoa between group A and group D neither, while spermatozoa DNA damage was more serious in group B and group C with increasing height of micro-channel compared with group A. The proportion of intact acrosome of post-thawed spermatozoa in group A was the highest when compared with group B and group C, though similar to that of group D. In conclusion, PDMS chip with 10 µm height micro-channel is ideal for ultra-rapid cryopreservation of small quantity of spermatozoa without cryoprotectant.
Personal integrated process based software architecture design and evalutation

PSP strongly addresses the need for risk analysis at high level design. However, it does not provide process for risk analysis. Also, many researchers consider architectural analysis essential for software developers. Therefore, Personal Integrated Process was designed to address the need for risk analysis at system level for individual engineer. A case study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of architecture design and evaluation. The impact of architecture design and evaluation on risk identification was determined using the proposed process. The scope of this paper is to highlight results of the case study regarding risk identification and mitigation.
II . PSD AND LCR : TWO SEPARATE BODIES OF KNOWLEDGE

Although academics, civil servants and non-governmental organizations involved in development have continued to promote policies for local economies, many localities fail to catch up with average national development patterns. The body of knowledge on this topic has been split into two parts: private sector development (PSD) and local-central relations (LCR). This article argues that, in order for policies to be effective, PSD and LCR should be analysed simultaneously. Drawing on evidence from empirical work conducted in South-East Asia, the article offers policymakers some ways forward. Important features to be reckoned with are the sequencing of policies, the problem of historically rooted disabling institutions, the benefits of local enabling institutions, ethnic tensions and structural opposition from central Governments.