Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Language, Power, and Intergroup Relations

Language is a communication medium for turning a power base into influence. But more than that, the creation of power and its maintenance or change can also occur in and through language. In the present article, we discuss some of the dynamic links between language and power to underscore their relevance to the study of intergroup relations. In particular we address the means by which low-power groups might achieve power, and how those who are in high-power positions might retain and subvert acts of power. In doing this, we counterpose our discussion with research that addresses these same issues from a static and individualistic approach to power. Our central argument is that the latter work lacks theoretical facility for describing and understanding the aforementioned dynamic processes of power, and moreover, that its application may unwittingly serve to reify and cement existing control relationships.
Nontraditional name changes for men: Attitudes of men and women.

Recently, some men have taken their wives' last names upon marriage rather than following tradition. The goal of this study was to examine the attitudes that men and women have toward these nontraditional men. Ideological hegemony and social identity theory comprised the framework for examining participants' beliefs. A survey first elicited participants' extant sexist beliefs about men and the characteristics of a nontraditional man compared to a traditional man. An open-ended question further explored participants' opinions. The results indicated that benevolent sexism influences respondents' attitudes towards nontraditional men and that most respondents view nontraditional men as more nurturing and committed to their marriage than traditional men. The results further revealed a dichotomy of positive and negative attitudes towards nontraditional men indicating that society's feelings about nontraditional men are changing.
Ambulatory Assessment in Industrial/Organizational Psychology

In this review, we demonstrate the contribution of ambulatory assessment (AA) research to I/O psychology by reference to four dynamic phenomena, the investigation of which we judge to benefit most from the application of AA techniques: (a) work strain and coping with work stressors, (b) the work/nonwork interface, (c) social interactions at the workplace, and (d) job attitudes and work-related emotions. As we see it, the greatest potential of these studies lies in the analysis of how interindividual differences modulate intraindividual processes. After demonstrating the value of the method, we outline and discuss ways of tackling a number of methodological issues raised in the studies reviewed: selective participation and attrition, altered reporting behavior and reactivity, noncompliance with study instructions, low acceptance, and development of reduced scales or single-item measures. Future studies can pave the way for the broad acceptance and utilization of AA methods by contributing to the resolution.
Fatty Acid Composition of Developing Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Berry and the Transcriptome of the Mature Seed

Background Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a hardy, fruit-producing plant known historically for its medicinal and nutraceutical properties. The most recognized product of sea buckthorn is its fruit oil, composed of seed oil that is rich in essential fatty acids, linoleic (18∶2ω-6) and α-linolenic (18∶3ω-3) acids, and pulp oil that contains high levels of monounsaturated palmitoleic acid (16∶1ω-7). Sea buckthorn is fast gaining popularity as a source of functional food and nutraceuticals, but currently has few genomic resources; therefore, we explored the fatty acid composition of Canadian-grown cultivars (ssp. mongolica) and the sea buckthorn seed transcriptome using the 454 GS FLX sequencing technology. Results GC-MS profiling of fatty acids in seeds and pulp of berries indicated that the seed oil contained linoleic and α-linolenic acids at 33–36% and 30–36%, respectively, while the pulp oil contained palmitoleic acid at 32–42%. 454 sequencing of sea buckthorn cDNA collections from mature seeds yielded 500,392 sequence reads, which identified 89,141 putative unigenes represented by 37,482 contigs and 51,659 singletons. Functional annotation by Gene Ontology and computational prediction of metabolic pathways indicated that primary metabolism (protein>nucleic acid>carbohydrate>lipid) and fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis pathways were highly represented categories. Sea buckthorn sequences related to fatty acid biosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis were identified, and a subset of these was examined for transcript expression at four developing stages of the berry. Conclusion This study provides the first comprehensive genomic resources represented by expressed sequences for sea buckthorn, and demonstrates that the seed oil of Canadian-grown sea buckthorn cultivars contains high levels of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in a close to 1∶1 ratio, which is beneficial for human health. These data provide the foundation for further studies on sea buckthorn oil, the enzymes involved in its biosynthesis, and the genes involved in the general hardiness of sea buckthorn against environmental conditions.
Spectral Features for Automatic Text-Independent Speaker Recognition

Front-end or feature extractor is the first component in an automatic speaker recognition system. Feature extraction transforms the raw speech signal into a compact but effective representation that is more stable and discriminative than the original signal. Since the front-end is the first component in the chain, the quality of the later components (speaker modeling and pattern matching) is strongly determined by the quality of the front-end. In other words, classification can be at most as accurate as the features. Several feature extraction methods have been proposed, and successfully exploited in the speaker recognition task. However, almost exclusively, the methods are adopted directly from the speech recognition task. This is somewhat ironical, considering the opposite nature of the two tasks. In speech recognition, speaker variability is one of the major error sources, whereas in speaker recognition it is the information that we wish to extract. The mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) is the most evident example of a feature set that is extensively used in speaker recognition, but originally developed for speech recognition purposes. When MFCC front-end is used in speaker recognition system, one makes an implicit assumption that the human hearing meachanism is the optimal speaker recognizer. However, this has not been confirmed, and in fact opposite results exist. Although several methods adopted from speech recognition have shown to work well in practise, they are often used as “black boxes” with fixed parameters. It is not understood what kind of information the features capture from the speech signal. Understanding the features at some level requires experience from specific areas such as speech physiology, acoustic phonetics, digital signal processing and statistical pattern recognition. According to the author’s general impression of literature, it seems more and more that currently, at the best we are guessing what is the code in the signal that carries our individuality. This thesis has two main purposes. On the one hand, we attempt to see the feature extraction as a whole, starting from understanding the speech production process, what is known about speaker individuality, and then going
The Leadership Challenge: Supporting the Learning of All Students

Abstract Eliminating the achievement gap and ensuring high-quality education for diverse student populations depend upon the capacity of local educational leaders to be highly effective at enabling schools in all contexts to teach all students. Realizing this goal also depends upon the capacity of local universities to prepare and support educational leaders to achieve these results. This article describes the UCEA Developing Leaders to Support Diverse Learners (LSDL) curriculum modules for educational leadership preparation, which were designed to build the knowledge, skills, and experiences leadership candidates need to effectively lead the learning of diverse student populations.
Crystal structures and conformational analyses of three pyranochromene derivatives

In the crystal structures of the three title pyran–chromene derivatives, (I)–(III), molecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds which generate molecular sheets parallel to the ab plane with (28) loops in (I), inversion dimers with (10) loops in (II) and chains along the b axis with (12) ring motifs in (III).
Play for Pay: Effects of Inequity in a Pay-for-Performance Context

Joseph W. Harder University of Pennsylvania This research explores the effects of an objectively determined, continuous measure of inequity on composite measures of individual performance in a pay-for-performance context, professional baseball and basketball. It was hypothesized that pay-for-performance contingencies would lessen the effects of individual underreward on individual performance. In addition, it was hypothesized that individual underreward would lead to less cooperative and more selfish behavior. Regression models of performance were run, controlling for prior career performance. The effects of the continuous measure of inequity on performance were greater for overrewarded individuals than for underrewarded individuals. Furthermore, underrewarded individuals behaved less cooperatively and more selfishly, while overrewarded individuals behaved more cooperatively. '
Probabilistic Testability Analysis and DFT Methods at RTL

This work presents probabilistic methods for testability analysis at RTL and their use to guide DFT techniques like partial-scan and TPI. Controllability is analyzed using an approach that takes into account correlations within pre-defined groups formed based on an originally proposed heuristic. A method for observability computation at RTL based on the Boolean difference is presented. These testability analysis methods were implemented in a tool that reads a Verilog RTL description, solves the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations that describe the steady-state of the circuit, and outputs the computed values for the testability. A methodology for partial-scan and TPI optimization is proposed and implemented. The methodology is based on the testability metrics and on a "DFT dictionary". The proposed heuristic and methodology are evaluated using the ITC99 benchmark circuits
A 1Gb/s 4-Channel Optical Transceiver Chipset for Automotive Wired Networks

A 4-channel optical transceiver chipset is designed in a 0.18 mum standard CMOS technology for the applications of automotive wired networks. The transmitter LD driver operate at 1 Gb/s with reliable APC (30-70 mA) and AMC (20-80 mApp) controls, whereas the receiver TIA demonstrates 76.6 dBOmega transimpedance gain and 724 MHz bandwidth against the very large input parasitic capacitance (6 pF) with 40 mW power dissipation from a single 3.3 V supply.
Irritable bowel syndrome, gastro-oesophageal reflux, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in the general population

Background—Associations have been shown between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastro-oesophageal reflux, between gastro-oesophageal reflux and asthma, and more recently between IBS and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Aims—To explore the inter-relations between these conditions. Subjects—A randomly selected community sample of 4432 adults. Methods—A validated postal symptom questionnaire investigating the associations between IBS, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and symptomatic BHR. Results—3169 questionnaires (71.7% response) returned by 1451 men and 1718 women were analysed. One year prevalences, in men and women respectively, of IBS were 10.5% and 22.9%, of dyspepsia 26.3% and 25.25%, of gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms 29.4% and 28.2%, of BHR 13.2% and 14.6%, and of chronic bronchitis 8.3% and 4.9%. Logistic regression showed independent associations between IBS and BHR, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and dyspepsia. There was no significant independent association between IBS and chronic bronchitis. In men and women the odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) for IBS and gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms was 2.6 (2.1–3.1; p<0.001) and for IBS and BHR 2.1 (1.7–2.7; p<0.001). These associations held on stratifying for sex and consultation behaviour. IBS, gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms, and bronchial hyper-responsiveness occurred more frequently together than expected, 2.5% (95% CI 2.41–2.57) of the sample having all three conditions compared with an expected prevalence of 0.7% (95% CI 0.66–0.71). The conditions were independently associated with each other. Conclusions—These observations may indicate the presence of an underlying disorder producing symptoms in gastrointestinal and respiratory systems.
A distributed digital library architecture incorporating different index styles

The New Zealand Digital Library offers several collections of information over the World Wide Web. Although full-text indexing is the primary access mechanism, musical collections can also be accessed through a novel melody retrieval system. In offering this service over a three-year period, we have had to face many practical challenges in building, maintaining and administering diverse collections of different kinds of information, involving different search and retrieval systems, with different user interfaces. This paper describes the design of the software we have built to support the service. Interface server programs provide a uniform interface between the search engine and the client, irrespective of the nature of the collection. Search engines that embody completely different index styles operate under a single distributed framework-we describe as examples MG (Managing Gigabytes), a full-text retrieval system, and the MR (Melody Retrieval) system. A flexible protocol for communicating between an interface server and a search engine is defined. The resulting architecture simplifies library administration and the creation of new collections by providing a unified framework under which vastly different user interfaces and search engines can co-exist in a distributed computing environment.
Bivariate galaxy luminosity functions in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Bivariate luminosity functions (LFs) are computed for galaxies in the New York Value-Added Galaxy Catalogue, based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4. The galaxy properties investigated are the morphological type, inverse concentration index, Sersic index, absolute effective surface brightness (SB), reference frame colours, absolute radius, eClass spectral type, stellar mass and galaxy environment. The morphological sample is flux limited to galaxies with r < 15.9 and consists of 37 047 classifications to an rms accuracy of ± half a class in the sequence E, S0, Sa, Sb, Sc, Sd, Im. These were assigned by an artificial neural network, based on a training set of 645 eyeball classifications. The other samples use r < 17.77 with a median redshift of z 0.08, and a limiting redshift of z < 0.15 to minimize the effects of evolution. Other cuts, for example in axis ratio, are made to minimize biases. A wealth of detail is seen, with clear variations between the LFs according to absolute magnitude and the second parameter. They are consistent with an early-type, bright, concentrated, red population and a late-type, faint, less concentrated, blue, star-forming population. This bimodality suggests two major underlying physical processes, which in agreement with previous authors we hypothesize to be merger and accretion, associated with the properties of bulges and discs, respectively. The bivariate luminosity–SB distribution is fit with the Choloniewski function (a Schechter function in absolute magnitude and Gaussian in SB). The fit is found to be poor, as might be expected if there are two underlying processes.
Testing, abstraction, theorem proving: better together!

We present a method for static program analysis that leverages tests and concrete program executions. State abstractions generalize the set of program states obtained from concrete executions. A theorem prover then checks that the generalized set of concrete states covers all potential executions and satisfies additional safety properties. Our method finds the same potential errors as the mostprecise abstract interpreter for a given abstraction and is potentially more efficient. Additionally, it provides a new way to tune the performance of the analysis by alternating between concrete execution and theorem proving. We have implemented our technique in a prototype for checking properties of C# programs.
Improving large vocabulary continuous speech recognition by combining GMM-based and reservoir-based acoustic modeling

In earlier work we have shown that good phoneme recognition is possible with a so-called reservoir, a special type of recurrent neural network. In this paper, different architectures based on Reservoir Computing (RC) for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition are investigated. Besides experiments with HMM hybrids, it is shown that a RC-HMM tandem can achieve the same recognition accuracy as a classical HMM, which is a promising result for such a fairly new paradigm. It is also demonstrated that a state-level combination of the scores of the tandem and the baseline HMM leads to a significant improvement over the baseline. A word error rate reduction of the order of 20% relative is possible.
HiCrypt: C to CUDA Translator for Symmetric Block Ciphers

Many-core computer systems with GPUs are coming into mainstream use from high-end computing, including supercomputers, to embedded processors. Consequently, the implementation of cryptographic methods on GPGPU is also becoming popular because of such systems' performance. However, many factors affect the performance of GPUs. To cope with this problem, we developed a new translator, HiCrypt, which can generate an optimized CUDA program from a cipher program written in a standard C language with directives. Users need only annotate variables and an encoding/decoding function, which are characteristics of cipher programs, with directives. To evaluate HiCrypt, three representative cipher programs are translated into CUDA programs by HiCrypt translator prototype. Generated programs perform high throughput almost identical to hand optimized CUDA programs for all three cipher programs. HiCrypt will contribute to development of new and various symmetric block ciphers using a GPU accelerator.
Effects of Oxygen on Biofilm Formation and the AtlA Autolysin of Streptococcus mutans

ABSTRACT The Streptococcus mutans atlA gene encodes an autolysin required for biofilm maturation and biogenesis of a normal cell surface. We found that the capacity to form biofilms by S. mutans, one of the principal causative agents of dental caries, was dramatically impaired by growth of the organism in an aerated environment and that cells exposed to oxygen displayed marked changes in surface protein profiles. Inactivation of the atlA gene alleviated repression of biofilm formation in the presence of oxygen. Also, the formation of long chains, a characteristic of AtlA-deficient strains, was less evident in cells grown with aeration. The SMu0629 gene is immediately upstream of atlA and encodes a product that contains a C-X-X-C motif, a characteristic of thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases. Inactivation of SMu0629 significantly reduced the levels of AtlA protein and led to resistance to autolysis. The SMu0629 mutant also displayed an enhanced capacity to form biofilms in the presence of oxygen compared to that of the parental strain. The expression of SMu0629 was shown to be under the control of the VicRK two-component system, which influences oxidative stress tolerance in S. mutans. Disruption of vicK also led to inhibition of processing of AtlA, and the mutant was hyperresistant to autolysis. When grown under aerobic conditions, the vicK mutant also showed significantly increased biofilm formation compared to strain UA159. This study illustrates the central role of AtlA and VicK in orchestrating growth on surfaces and envelope biogenesis in response to redox conditions.
Robust speech recognition using VAD-measure-embedded decoder

In a speech recognition system a Voice Activity Detector (VAD) is a crucial component for not only maintaining accuracy but also for reducing computational consumption. Front-end approaches which drop non-speech frames typically attempt to detect speech frames by utilizing speech/non-speech classification information such as the zero crossing rate or statistical models. These approaches discard the speech/non-speech classification information after voice detection. This paper proposes an approach that uses the speech/non-speech information to adjust the score of the recognition hypotheses. Experimental results show that our approach can improve the accuracy significantly and reduce computational consumption by combining the frontend method. Index Terms: speech recognition, voice activity detection, decoder
Synthesis of 2‐(4‐Biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylate and Carboxamide Analogs. New Human Neurokinin‐3 (hNK‐3) Receptor Antagonists

The 2‐phenylquinoline‐4‐carboxamide 1 (Chart[TH]1) has been found to possess moderate affinity for human neurokinin‐3 (hNK‐3) receptor. In the present work, and in a trial to investigate the effect of the lipophilic moiety at C‐2 of the quinoline ring on the antagonistic activity, an enlargement of the aromatic area at this position was suggested. In this respect, two series of 2‐(4‐biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylates and carboxamides have been synthesized with certain modifications at the quinoline‐2 and 4‐position in order to study their effect on the anticipated hNK‐3 receptor antagonistic activity. Fifteen compounds were screened for such activity using guinea‐pig isolated ileum longitudinal muscle preparation and senktide as selective hNK‐3 receptor agonist. Some compounds showed considerable antagonistic effect. Compound 7b, 6‐bromo‐2‐(4‐biphenylyl)quinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid, was the most prominent hNK‐3 receptor antagonist in this study. Unexpectedly, some compounds were agonists.
Learning to understand tasks for mobile robots

We propose a way to represent the environment by storing observations taken in that environment, together with their task-related 'values'. This representation allows for robots being taught by human instructors based on rewards and punishments. We show that the robot is able to learn to execute different tasks. The results of training can be interpreted to gain understanding about the environment in which the robot has to operate. So instead of first modeling the environment and using this to execute the task, we first start by learning to execute the task and use this to obtain knowledge about the environment.
Extra-normal interactions in mediated virtual environments: An investigation of an audio-visual crossed-sense modality

Here, we propose that the use of unusual crossed-sense-modality couplings can be exploited to engineer non-realistic but potentially beneficial VEs providing high degrees of interaction and presence, and provide new avenues for enhancing the experience and utility of single- and multi-user VE technologies. We report user's reactions to mediated environments in which the sound of their voice is represented via a frequency-to-color-mapped visualization. Users reported a sense of interaction and enjoyment, but results from a preliminary user study have yet to show a clear link with presence. We discuss the next stages of the research which will investigate how mixed-sense modalities contribute to co-presence and collaboration in multi-user environments.