Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A localization strategy based on n‐times trilateral centroid with weight

Localization based on received signal strength indication (RSSI) is a low cost and low complexity technology, and it is widely applied in distance‐based localization of wireless sensor networks. The error of existing localization technologies is significant. This paper presents the N‐times trilateral centroid weighted localization algorithm, which can reduce the error considerably. Considering the instability of RSSI, we use the weighted average of many RSSIs as current RSSI. To improve the accuracy, we select a number of (no less than three) reliable beacon nodes to increase the localization times. Then we calculate the distances between reliable beacon nodes and the mobile node using an empirical formula. The mobile node is located N times using the trilateral centroid algorithm. Finally, we take the weighted average of the filtered reference coordinates as the mobile node's coordinates. We conduct experiments with the STM32W108 chip, which supports IEEE 802.15. 4. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the trilateral centroid algorithm. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic Generation for Efficient Software TLM at Multiple Abstraction Layers

We in this paper propose a software TransactionLevel Modeling (TLM) approach to co-simulate HW/SW efficiently. To keep the concurrency in the simulated system, timing synchronization should be considered carefully in HW/SW co-simulation between hardware and software simulations. Nevertheless, improper timing synchronization leads to either poor simulation performance or inaccurate simulation result. Our approach achieves accurate yet efficient HW/SW cosimulation due to that we perform timing synchronization only at points where HW and SW actually interact. In addition, given the target software, three abstraction levels of software TLM models can be generated automatically based on the type of interactions concerned. The experimental results show that the speed of our software TLM models achieves 3 million instructions per second (MIPS) for low abstraction level, and goes higher up to 248 MIPS for higher abstraction levels. Hence, designers can leverage our approach to have an efficient HW/SW co-simulation by simply selecting proper abstraction layers which fit their needs.
On gravitational lensing by deflectors in motion

Gravitational lensing by a spinning deflector in translational motion relative to the observer is discussed in the weak field, slow motion approximation. The effect of rotation, which generates an intrinsic gravito-magnetic field, separates from that due to radial motion. Corrections to the lens equation, deflection angle and time delay are derived. Ke yw ords: gravitation - gravitational lensing - relativity. motion is a consequence of the existence of the standard gravito- electric field plus local invariance, the problem of light deflection by a deflector with angular momentum is related to the existence of the dragging of inertial frames and of the related gravito-magnetic field. In order to show that intrinsic gravito-magnetism and the local Lorentz invariance on a static background are two fundamen- tally different phenomena, space-time curvature by mass-energy currents relative to other mass can be precisely characterized by a frame- and coordinate-independent method, based on space-time curvature invariants (see Ciufolini & Wheeler 1995, section 6.11). In this Letter, we address the problem of light deflection by an extended lens with angular momentum in translational motion on a static background. To this end, we adopt the usual framework of gravitational lensing theory, i.e. (i) the weak field and slow motion approximation for the lens, and (ii) the thin lens hypothesis (Schneider, Ehlers & Falco 1992; Petters, Levine & Wambsganss 2001). The paper is as follows. In Section 2, gravitational lensing in a stationary space-time is reviewed. In Section 3, we discuss the combined effect of a roto-translational motion of the deflector on time delay. Section 4 is devoted to the discussion of the bending angle and to the writing of the lens equation. Section 5 contains some final considerations.
Designing a Performance Measurement System: a case study at the Oil and Gas Sector

Performance Measurement System is already a consecrated tendency among companies concerned with an entire and solid set of metrics, process and system to support performance assessment efficiently. Both academics and practitioners have been interested in the subject in the last decades. However, the academic literature offers few empirical studies at the oil and gas sector. The goal of this paper is to analyze the PMS design at the Downstream Logistics Division of a multinational company in the oil and gas sector based on empirical findings of a longitudinal field study. The paper does not only focus on the system itself (technological parameters), but rather, it examines and highlights the knowledge obtained from designing and preparing the implementation of the PMS, supporting the description of a set of lessons learned through this initiative. The adoption of some practices during design phase in order to anticipate possible implementation problems is also evaluated.
An MDA-based Approach for Facilitating Adoption of Semantic Web Service Technology

A semantic web service extends the capabilities of a web service by associating a semantic description of the web service in order to enable better search, discovery, selection, composition, and integration. Semantically-rich languages such as OWL-S have been created in order to provide a mechanism for describing the semantics of semantic web services. Unfortunately, for the common developer, the learning curve for such languages can be steep, providing a barrier for adoption and widespread use. Model Driven Architecture (MDA) is an approach to software development that is centered on the creation of models rather than program code, allowing for a separation of concerns between a specification and an implementation. We are developing an approach that allows an architect to focus on creation of composite web services by specifying a semantic web service using OWL-S specifications. These composite services are specified using standard UML model and generating specifications and applications using MDA concepts. As such, difficulties caused by a steep learning curve for OWL-S can be mitigated by using a language that has a wide user base, thus facilitating adoption.
The mental health of UK ex-servicemen with a combat-related or a non-combat-related visual impairment: does the cause of visual impairment matter?

Aims Since the start of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, the numbers of young service personnel who have sustained a combat-related visual impairment have increased. This cross-sectional study examined the mental well-being of ex-servicemen (aged 22–55 years) with a visual impairment and determined if the mental health of those with a combat-related visual impairment differed from those whose visual impairment is not combat-related. Methods Male ex-service personnel with a visual impairment completed a telephone interview assessing the presence of depressive symptomatology, probable anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology and alcohol misuse. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results 77 participants were included in the study, reflecting a response rate of 76.2%. Of those with complete data (n=74), 20 ex-servicemen had a combat-related visual impairment. Among ex-service personnel with a combat-related visual impairment, 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) screened positive for a probable depression, 25.0% (95% CI 6.0 to 44.0) for probable anxiety and 10.0% (95% CI 0 to 23.2) for probable PTSD. The prevalence of probable depression and probable PTSD differed among those with a non-combat-related visual impairment, namely 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) and 16.7% (95% CI 6.8 to 26.7), respectively. Probable anxiety was 18.5% (95% CI 8.1 to 28.9) among non-combat-related visually impaired ex-service personnel. 45.0% (95% CI 23.2 to 66.8) of combat-related visually impaired personnel reported hazardous drinking, compared with 20.4% (95% CI 9.7 to 31.2) of those with a non-combat-related visual impairment. Conclusions Mental health problems were prevalent among visually impaired younger ex-servicemen. No statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of mental health problems among ex-servicemen with a combat-related visual impairment compared with those with a non-combat-related visual impairment.
Using sensors to bridge the gap between real places and their web-based representations

With the proliferation of Smart Cities, more and more live data sources such as web cam feeds and physical sensor information are publicly accessible over the Web. However, these sources are typically decoupled from normal web sites, and are therefore not within the scope of traditional online search using Web search engines. In this paper, we focus on websites that refer to physical locations (e.g., restaurants, hotel, shops) for which live sensor data and information might be available. We propose G-Sensing, our platform for the seamless integration of live data into the normal browsing experience of online users. In a nutshell, we provide a browser add-on that injects sensor information into Google result pages for each result that refers to a physical place. Our backend infrastructure consists of a data repository connecting web sites to physical locations, as well as a data source for sensor information based on Linked Data principles. In our evaluation, we first show that websites referring to places are a very common phenomenon, thus motivating the potential benefits of G-Sensing. Furthermore, we show that our system only adds a small overhead to normal bandwidth requirements when browsing the Web.
Semi-naive Bayesian Classification

The success and popularity of naive Bayes (NB) has led to a field of research exploring algorithms that seek to retain its numerous strengths while reducing error by alleviating the attribute interdependence problem. These algorithms can be categorized into five groups: those that apply conventional NB to a subset of attributes, those that alter NB by allowing interdependencies between attributes, those that apply NB to a subset of the training sample, those that calibrate NB’s probability estimates and those that introduce hidden variables to NB. Eighteen key algorithms are analyzed in detail. We provide comparative analysis of thirteen algorithms’ features and benchmark them using error analysis based on the bias-variance decomposition and probabilistic prediction analysis based on the quadratic loss function on sixty natural domains from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. To provide a baseline for comparison, we also present comprehensive experimental results for Logistic Regression and LibSVM, a popular SVM implementation. In analyzing the results of these experiments we provide general recommendations for selection between semi-naive Bayesian methods based on the characteristics of the application to which they are applied.
Robot Position Tracking Using Kalman Filter

the objective of the presented work is to implement the Kalman Filter in an application in an environment for the position in a mobile robot's movement. The estimated position of a robot was determined, applying the Kalman Extended Filter, using the data of the sensors by means of a system of global positioning (GPS), using a simulation in Matlab and animation program made in Delphi, with examples of time of 1hz and for 628 seconds, in which the robot can have communication in the circulate complete of movement. The analysis of the simulation is given with parameters of speed translational, rotational and noise of the process, and the error of the positioning sensor has as maximum 19.7 inch. Based on the results of the study, from the figures can be seen that despite of the errors in measurements, the filter can perform quite well in estimate, the robot's true position.
A data-driven approach for estimating the time-frequency binary mask

The ideal binary mask, often used in robust speech recognition applications, requires an estimate of the local SNR in each time-frequency (T-F) unit. A data-driven approach is proposed for estimating the instantaneous SNR of each T-F unit. By assuming that the a priori SNR and a posteriori SNR are uniformly distributed within a small region, the instantaneous SNR is estimated by minimizing the localized Bayes risk. The binary mask estimator derived by the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of hit and false alarm rates. Compared to the binary mask estimator that uses the decision-directed approach to compute the SNR, the proposed data-driven approach yielded substantial improvements (up to 40%) in classiﬁcation performance, when assessed in terms of a sensitivity metric which is based on the difference between the hit and false alarm rates.
A da Vinci Robot System Can Make Sense for a Mature Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Program

Background and Objectives: We sought to provide informed recommendations on transitioning from laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) to robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RAP) through a study of the da Vinci robot. Methods: We performed a cost-benefit analysis to determine the impact that purchasing a $1.5 million da Vinci robot with a $112,000 service contract per year and $200 per case of disposables would have on profits of a mature laparoscopic prostatectomy program. Results: Seventy-eight cases per year are needed to cover the costs of a purchased robot, while only 20 cases per year are needed if a robot is donated. Once robot costs are covered, increases in caseload lead to increased income. Profit is not feasible at centers performing fewer than 25 cases annually. A donated robot lessens costs and allows reasonable revenue without drastic increases in caseload. Conclusions: Our data suggest a high-volume LRP program can convert to RAP and maintain profits; however, the cost of the robot precludes equal income as that with LRP. Purchasing a robot is not fiscally viable in a low-volume program. Given comparable outcomes between LRP and RAP, hospitals need to decide whether market forces or the intangible benefits of robotics outweigh the expenses of obtaining and operating a robot.
Performance of Hybrid Sentiment Classification Model on Online Product Reviews

Sentiment classification attempts to identify the sentiment polarity of a given text as either positive or negative. Much of the work has been focused on Sentiment classification using machine learning methods in last decades. Analyzing and predicting the polarity of the sentiment plays an important role in decision making. Related work about hybrid methods contributing to sentiment classification are still limited and more extensive experimental work is needed in this area. In this study sentiment classification is done using hybrid method with support vector machine (SVM) as base classifier. The results show that hybrid model performs better in terms of error rate and receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) for various sampling methods.
Grammar-based codes: A new class of universal lossless source codes

We investigate a type of lossless source code called a grammar-based code, which, in response to any input data string x over a fixed finite alphabet, selects a context-free grammar G/sub x/ representing x in the sense that x is the unique string belonging to the language generated by G/sub x/. Lossless compression of x takes place indirectly via compression of the production rules of the grammar G/sub x/. It is shown that, subject to some mild restrictions, a grammar-based code is a universal code with respect to the family of finite-state information sources over the finite alphabet. Redundancy bounds for grammar-based codes are established. Reduction rules for designing grammar-based codes are presented.
A maximum-flow formulation of the N-camera stereo correspondence problem

This paper describes a new algorithm for solving the N-camera stereo correspondence problem by transforming it into a maximum-flow problem. Once solved, the minimum-cut associated to the maximum-flow yields a disparity surface for the whole image at once. This global approach to stereo analysis provides a more accurate and coherent depth map than the traditional line-by-line stereo. Moreover, the optimality of the depth surface is guaranteed and can be shown to be a generalization of the dynamic programming approach that is widely used in standard stereo. Results show improved depth estimation as well as better handling of depth discontinuities. While the worst case running time is O(n/sup 2/d/sup 2/log(nd)), the observed average running time is O(n/sup 1.2/ d/sup 1.3/) for an image size of n pixels and depth resolution d.
Permanent racial inequality

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgetown University, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references. Why are the earnings of black households so low compared to those of white households? This question is addressed here within a parsimonious equilibrium model of residential location and intergenerational transmission of human capital. This model features two residential locations, which can be interpreted as neighborhoods. In order to obtain a seamless connection of model and data, Chapter 1 applies off-the-shelf clustering methods to summarize the complexity of US neighborhood-level data into a two-neighborhood characterization. Census tracts from large US Metropolitan Statistical Areas are clustered based jointly on racial configuration (R), average human capital (H) and price of housing services (P). The chapter establishes that metropolitan US can be suitably characterized as a single city with a small number of representative neighborhoods. Two representative neighborhoods summarize around one third of the joint variation in (H, R, P) data while three representative neighborhoods summarize around half of the joint variation. Furthermore, census tracts clustered into each abstract representative neighborhood tend to be located close to each other, forming large areas of relatively homogeneous (H,R,P) within an MSA. The two-neighborhood characterization is employed in Chapter 2 as an empirical counterpart of the theoretical model. ; In Chapter 2 the model is internally calibrated so that model generated data matches neighborhood segregation by color and earnings, neighborhood population sizes, intergenerational mobility (in earnings and consumption) and the ratio of human capital investment to output in the US. The Chapter's main finding is that, under this calibration, the proposed model produces nearly three quarters of the observed black-white percent difference in household earnings. Permanent racial inequality arises from residential racial segregation coupled with neighborhood human capital externalities. It is established that households' preferences over the racial composition of their neighborhood are at the base of the result. An interesting additional result is that, in contrast with a common line of thought, strong neighborhood color preferences are required to match US data, and halving the importance of racial preferences is enough to eliminate racial segregation and racial inequality from the benchmark equilibrium.
Long-term changes in pharyngeal airway dimensions following activator-headgear and ﬁ xed appliance treatment

SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the pharyngeal airway in growing children and adolescents and to compare these with a group of children who received activator-headgear Class II treatment. The sample consisted of 64 children (32 males and 32 females), 32 had a combined activator-headgear appliance for at least 9 months (study group) followed by ﬁ xed appliance therapy in most patients, while the other half received only minor orthodontic treatment (control group). Lateral cephalograms before treatment (T1, mean age 10.4 years), at the end of active treatment (T2, mean age 14.5 years), and at
The Supplier Management and Approval in Reverse Trade Card: An Electronic Payment System on the B2B

In this paper, we introduce "the supplier management and approval in reverse trade card", a new electronic payment system for the B2B market. This study is about a new transaction system that allows purchasing companies to share the supplier's credit to buy products through the SMART(supplier management and approval in reverse trade) card. This model will change the paradigm, increase the diversity of electronic payment methods, increase the sales revenue for the seller, and eliminate the cost of collecting money from the buyer due to the involvement of the credit card firm. The SMART card system will diversify the electronic payment methods, and provide an option that can benefit both supplying and purchasing company financially. The area of further study concerns the application of the SMART card in regards to the suppliers receiving payment, the purchasers paying through credit and the overall affect on the B2B market.
TRPV4 channel participates in receptor-operated calcium entry and ciliary beat frequency regulation in mouse airway epithelial cells

The rate of mucociliary clearance in the airways is a function of ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and this, in turn, is increased by increases in intracellular calcium. The TRPV4 cation channel mediates Ca2+ influx in response to mechanical and osmotic stimuli in ciliated epithelia. With the use of a TRPV4-deficient mouse, we now show that TRPV4 is involved in the airways' response to physiologically relevant physical and chemical stimuli. Ciliary TRPV4 expression in tracheal epithelial cells was confirmed with immunofluorescence in TRPV4+/+ mice. Ciliated tracheal cells from TRPV4−/− mice showed no increases in intracellular Ca2+ and CBF in response to the synthetic activator 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4αPDD) and reduced responses to mild temperature, another TRPV4-activating stimulus. Autoregulation of CBF in response to high viscosity solutions is preserved in TRPV4−/− despite a reduced Ca2+ signal. More interestingly, TRPV4 contributed to an ATP-induced increase in CBF, providing a pathway for receptor-operated Ca2+ entry but not store-operated Ca2+ entry as the former mechanism is lost in TRPV4−/− cells. Collectively, these results suggest that TRPV4 is predominantly located in the cilia of tracheal epithelial cells and plays a key role in the transduction of physical and chemical stimuli into a Ca2+ signal that regulates CBF and mucociliary transport. Moreover, these studies implicate the participation of TRPV4 in receptor-operated Ca2+ entry.
Biologically inspired composite vision system for traffic monitoring

We present a novel vision-based traffic monitoring system, which is inspired by the visual structure found in raptors, for tracking expressway vehicles and estimation of their real-world speed over a longer range compared to the typical, single-camera monitoring systems. This vision system features a license plate detection camera that is triggered whenever there is an instance of overspeeding. The proposed system provides accurate speed information for overspeed vehicle detection by estimating the real-world coordinates of the vehicle. To this end, a speed calculation algorithm is designed for the composite vision information acquired by the system, and with the aid of a license plate detection camera, identity information of the over-speeding vehicles can be recorded for law enforcement. The calculated speed was verified using RADAR speed detection systems and smartphone applications, and the deviation was found to be within ±3 km/hr compared to the actual driving speed. In summary, the proposed system provides a novel solution to improve the capabilities of traffic monitoring using vision based methods.