Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 'new' manoeuvre for removing foreign bodies from the nose.

older children this is combined with bladder training exercises. Involvement of school staff leads to a supportive atmosphere and, with girls in particular, classmates of their own accord often become helpers too. Most children do well but, if not, urological abnormality or emotional disorder needs to be considered. In the case of bed wetting, 10-20% of children respond completely to simple supportive measures directed towards relieving them of their fear of waking up wet.4 For those that do not respond use of an enuresis alarm is the most effective treatment. It need cause no emotional trauma, and it arrests bed wetting in over 80% of cases.3 Proper supervision is, however, essential; regular clinic visits give opportunities for counselling and for involving the social services, if necessary. The ready availability of psychiatric advice is indispensible in view of the incidence of emotional difficulties in children with enuresis. Cure of this girl's enuresis may not have been easy, but I believe that much of her unhappiness could have been avoided by wiser management and by advice to her teachers.
Plasma lactate concentrations and blood gas values in dogs undergoing surgical attenuation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt

Plasma concentration of lactate and the values of pH, pO2 and pCO2 were measured in the portal, systemic venous and, when possible, systemic arterial blood of 31 dogs with a single congenital portosystemic shunt, before and shortly after the temporary complete occlusion of the shunt, and at the end of surgery. At completion of the surgery, the shunt in 16 of the dogs had been occluded completely whereas in the other 15 it had been occluded only partially. There were no significant differences between any of the measurements of these variables in the portal venous, systemic venous or arterial plasma of any of the dogs, or between the values measured in the groups in which the shunts had been occluded completely or partially. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups of dogs in the arteriovenous gradients calculated at any of the sampling sites or sampling times. None of the variables was associated with the development of postoperative complications.
Intelligent Sliding-Mode Control Using RBFN for Magnetic Levitation System

An intelligent sliding-mode control system using a radial basis function network (SMCRBFN) is proposed to control the position of a levitated object of a magnetic levitation system to compensate the uncertainties including the friction force in this study. First, the dynamic model of the magnetic levitation system is derived. Then, a sliding-mode approach is proposed to compensate the uncertainties that occurred in the magnetic levitation system. Moreover, to relax the requirement of uncertainty bound in the design of a traditional sliding-mode control system and further increase the robustness of the magnetic levitation system, a radial basis function network estimator is proposed to estimate the uncertainties of the system dynamics online. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by some experimental results. With the proposed SMCRBFN system, the position of the levitated object of the magnetic levitation system possesses the advantages of good transient control performance and robustness to uncertainties for tracking periodic trajectories
The rewarding properties of MDMA are preserved in mice lacking µ‐opioid receptors

The involvement of µ‐opioid receptors in the rewarding properties of MDMA was explored in µ‐opioid receptor knockout mice using the conditioning place preference paradigm. The associated release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens was investigated by in vivo microdialysis. A significant rewarding effect of MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was observed in both wild‐type and µ‐opioid receptor knockout mice. MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) also induced similar increases in dopamine and decreases in 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in the nucleus accumbens dialysates of both wild‐type and µ‐opioid receptor knockout mice. No significant differences in basal levels of dopamine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic or homovanillic acids between wild‐type and µ‐opioid receptor knockout mice were observed. In summary, the present results suggest that, in contrast to what has been reported for other drugs of abuse such as opioids, ethanol, nicotine and Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, µ‐opioid receptors do not play a major role in the rewarding properties of MDMA. These differences could be due to distinct mechanisms controlling dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens and suggest that the effects of MDMA on dopaminergic neurons are independent of µ‐opioid receptors.
Silent Cleanup of Very Early Apoptotic Cells by Macrophages 1

Apoptotic cells are phagocytosed as soon as they appear in vivo. In this study, we first determined precisely at what stage apoptotic cells are phagocytosed by macrophages, and then examined the subsequent cytokine production. Phagocytosis was confirmed by flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy, whereas the subsequent response was examined by ELISA and RT-PCR for quantitative and semiquantitative measurement of the protein and mRNA levels of cytokines, respectively. Even the cell populations containing very early apoptotic cells, such as IL-2-dependent CTLL-2 cells cultured in the absence of IL-2 for 4 h and a murine leukemic cell line, P388 cells, treated with etoposide for 5 h, were phagocytosed by macrophages. Although the cell populations containing the very early apoptotic cells used in this study were FITC-Annexin V-negative and did not show a decrease in cell size as compared with untreated cells, they showed a very small increase in phosphatidylserine on the cell surface, as detected with Cy3-Annexin V, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating that the cell populations had already started the apoptotic process. Phagocytosis of such populations containing very early apoptotic cells was inhibited by phospho-l-serine much more significantly than Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser. In addition, macrophages hardly produced either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory cytokines after phagocytosis, thus being an almost null response. These results are contrary to the generally accepted concept that the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells leads to the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting instead that cells starting to undergo apoptosis are quickly phagocytosed by macrophages without any inflammation in vivo.
Persistence of Price–Cost Margin and Technical Efficiency in the Indonesian Food and Beverage Industry

Abstract This research investigates the persistence of price–cost margin (PCM) and technical efficiency (TE) of firms and the relation between these two factors in 44 subsectors of the Indonesian food and beverage industry in the period 1980–2014. Data envelopment analysis with a bootstrapping approach is applied to estimate TE. An autoregressive model, accounting for endogeneity, is applied to estimate the persistence coefficients of PCM and TE. A cross-sectional regression model is also applied to estimate the relation between the persistence of the PCM and the persistence of TE. The results show that for these food and beverage firms, high PCM and low TE persist. Furthermore, the persistence of PCM negatively affects the persistence of TE in the industry.
Nursing home food services linked with risk of malnutrition.

PURPOSE Links between food service characteristics and residents' risk of malnutrition were examined. METHODS Cognitively intact residents meeting inclusion criteria and living in one of 38 participating nursing homes were randomly sampled. The final sample consisted of 132 residents, who were screened for risk of malnutrition and completed a face-to-face interview questionnaire about dining experiences. Additional data came from participants' medical charts, and each institution's food service manager completed a written questionnaire. Frequencies and logistic regressions were used to describe the sample and to examine relationships between risk of malnutrition and food service characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 37.4% of participants were at risk of malnutrition. Food service factors, including food packages, lids, and dishes that were difficult to manipulate (b=0.285, p=0.009), bulk food-delivery systems (b=1.329, p=0.036), overall food satisfaction (b=0.253, p=0.044), menu cycle length (b=-2.162, p=0.003), and porcelain dishes (b=-0.345, p=0.052), all were significantly associated with risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly show a need for nursing homes to modify certain aspects of food service that may increase the risk of malnutrition among cognitively intact residents.
A New Definition of the Threshold Voltage for Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistors

An important parameter which characterizes thin-film transistors (TFTs) is the threshold voltage. Various methods have been proposed to extract the threshold voltage in amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) TFTs, but few models have been presented based on material characteristics and the carrier transport. With regard to a-IGZO films, under low carrier concentrations, current conduction would be dominated by trap-limited conduction, while it switches to the percolation conduction mechanism as the carrier concentration increased and the degenerate conduction is achieved at higher carrier concentrations. In this case, the threshold voltage can be defined as the gate voltage when the degenerate conduction comes into existence, and then a physics-based method of threshold voltage extraction for a-IGZO TFTs is developed. The accuracy of the proposed model was proved by comparison with the measured data. As the new definition makes it possible to combine the threshold voltage with the material property, it is expected to play a significant role in the device modeling for the simulation of circuits based on a-IGZO TFTs.
Monetary Policy Communication Shocks and the Macroeconomy

Using federal funds futures data, we show the importance of surprise communication as a component of monetary policy for U.S. macro variables, both before and after 2008. While Gurkaynak et al. (2005) stress the importance of monetary policy communication for asset prices, much of the subsequent VAR literature attributes all effects of monetary policy on macro variables to surprise changes in the policy rate. Instead, we distinguish between monetary policy action and "communication shocks" (surprise announcements about future policy moves), both orthogonal to internal Fed information. To do so,we use a decomposition of futures price movements exploiting variation across contract maturities. In a monthly sample from 1994 to 2008, our results indicate that it is mainly communication shocks - as opposed to actual rate-change surprises - that affect production in the ways traditionally associated with monetary policy shocks.We also use Eurodollar futures to cover the zero-lower bound period and find strong effects on inflation for long-horizon communication shocks.
The printed propaganda of the Communist Party of South Africa during World War II

This article examines the printed propaganda of the Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA) from the World War II (1939-1945) period by briefly describing the impact that the War had on the party and its propaganda production. This is followed by an iconographic analysis of the subjects who appear prominently in the images contained in the propaganda. Four iconographic types are described and the reasons for their emergence and visual appearance are proffered. It is argued that the impact of the War on the CPSA and its production of printed propaganda was largely positive, owing to a change in perceptions of the party following the Soviet Union's declaration of war on Germany and the easing of State repression on the party. As a result, CPSA membership numbers increased, the volume and variety of printed propaganda expanded and the audiences for the propaganda grew. The gentleman, intellectual, leader and soldier are identified as iconographic types which appear prominently in the CPSA's printed propaganda during the War. The emergence of these figures is ascribed to the 'accommodationist path' followed by the CPSA during the War, the development of closer ties between the African National Congress (ANC) and the CPSA, and the alignment of the party's propaganda with values relating to respectability, which resonated with a large part of the audience for the propaganda.
Crystal structure of aqua[(E)-N′-(5-bromo-2-oxidobenzylidene-κO)benzohydrazidato-κ2 O,N′]dioxidomolybdenum(VI) dimethylformamide monosolvate

The title compound, [MoO2(C14H9N2O2Br)H2O]·C3H7NO, has a three-dimensional supramolecular arrangement via a number of intermolecular C—H⋯O, O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as C—H⋯π and π–π interactions.
The relationship between coping style and burden in the carers of reatives with schizophrenia

The development of a questionnaire to measure the coping style of people caring for a relative with schizophrenia is described. Data on the psychometric properties of this questionnaire are reported for a sample of 91 carers. It is shown that coping style is associated with carer burden and psychological distress. In particular, the coping styles ‘collusion’, ‘criticism/coercion’,‘overprotectiveness',‘emotional over‐involvement’ and‘resignation’ were found to be associated with higher levels of carer burden, and the coping style‘warmth’ was found to be associated with lower levels of carer burden.
Risk and Returns of Shari'ah Compliant Stocks on the Karachi Stock Exchange – A CAPM and SCAPM Approach

This study documents the asset pricing mechanism of Shariah compliant securities listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. We select the CAPM market model to test for the impact in variations of stock returns on a sample of Shariah-compliant companies on ten years monthly data (2001-10). We first test the basic CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and its modified form known as the Shariah-compliant asset pricing model (SCAPM). We also analyze return differences due to size (market capitalization), book to market (B/M) value, price-earning ratio (PER), and cash-flow yield (CFY). Our results find a strong impact of the market index on stock returns (adj-R2 70%) and confirm the anomalies of size, B/M, CFY, and PER, while SCAPM is slightly better in explaining variations in cross-sectional stock returns. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فهم وتوثيق آلية تسعير أصول الأوراق المالية المتوافقة مع الشريعة الإسلامية المتداولة في بورصة كراتشي. اخترنا مؤشر السوق كمتغير، المبحوث بشكل جيد في ظل دراسات سوق رأس المال التقليدية، لاختبار مدى تأثير الاختلاف في عوائد الأسهم على عينة من الشركات المتوافقة مع الشريعة الإسلامية، وذلك بواسطة البيانات الشهرية لمدة عشر سنوات من 2001م إلى 2010م المتوفرة على قاعدة “Data Stream”. لقد اختبرنا المعادلة الأساسية لنموذج تسعير الأصول الرأسمالية (CAPM) والصيغة المعدلة لها نموذج تسعير الأصول الرأسمالية المتوافقة مع الشريعة (SCAPM). كما قمنا أيضا باختبار الاختلافات في العوائد الناتجة عن الفروق في: الحجم، نسبة القيمة الدفترية للقيمة السوقية (book to market ratio)، نسبة سعر السهم مع الكسب (price-earning ratio)، وعائد التدفق النقدي (cash-flow yield). أظهرت النتائج تأثيرا قويا لمؤشر السوق على عوائد الأسهم (معامل R مربع المعدل 70? ) كما أكدت أيضا الاختلافات بسبب الحجم، ونسبة القيمة الدفترية للقيمة السوقية، ونسبة سعر السهم مع الكسب، وعائد التدفق النقدي؛ كما أن نموذج تسعير الأصول الرأسمالية المتوافقة مع الشريعة كان أفضل بقليل من نموذج تسعير الأصول الرأسمالية التقليدي في شرح الاختلافات في العوائد للمقطع العرضي من الأسهم.
COSTS OF REPRODUCTION IN THE WILD: PATH ANALYSIS OF NATURAL SELECTION AND EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF CAUSATION

During 1991 through 1994, natural selection on reproductive effort in side‐blotched lizards was indexed by measuring total clutch mass produced on the first clutch of the reproductive season and assessing how such effort in current reproduction affects subsequent survival and clutch production. In addition, selection was also experimentally assessed in free‐ranging female side‐blotched lizards by (1) surgically decreasing total clutch mass (direct ovarian manipulation) and enhancing clutch mass using (2) exogenous gonadotropin, and (3) exogenous corticosterone. Surgical reduction of clutch mass uniformly enhanced survival. However, increasing clutch mass had more complex effects depending on year. Experimentally enhanced clutch mass enhanced survival in 1991, had no effect on survival in 1992, and decreased survival in 1993. Despite the complexity of these experimental results, they are corroborated by our comparative data. It is important to note that local environmental effects can obscure detection of costs arising from natural variation in reproductive effort, and we removed such effects using path analysis. The striking shift in natural selection favoring females laying a large clutch mass (1991) to selection against females laying a large clutch mass (1993) is associated with an end of a severe multiyear drought. Our natural‐history observations suggest that the correlated increase in predatory snake activity on our study site, coincident with the end of the drought, is the agent of natural selection. Although the actual agents of selection (e.g., snake predation versus drought‐related effects) are not resolved, the patterns of natural selection measured in our comparative and experimental data are also consistent with year‐to‐year changes in clutch mass and egg size that would be indicative of rapid short‐term evolution in these traits.
Arrays of (locality-sensitive) Count Estimators (ACE): High-Speed Anomaly Detection via Cache Lookups

Anomaly detection is one of the frequent and important subroutines deployed in large-scale data processing systems. Even being a well-studied topic, existing techniques for unsupervised anomaly detection require storing significant amounts of data, which is prohibitive from memory and latency perspective. In the big-data world existing methods fail to address the new set of memory and latency constraints. In this paper, we propose ACE (Arrays of (locality-sensitive) Count Estimators) algorithm that can be 60x faster than the ELKI package~\cite{DBLP:conf/ssd/AchtertBKSZ09}, which has the fastest implementation of the unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms. ACE algorithm requires less than $4MB$ memory, to dynamically compress the full data information into a set of count arrays. These tiny $4MB$ arrays of counts are sufficient for unsupervised anomaly detection. At the core of the ACE algorithm, there is a novel statistical estimator which is derived from the sampling view of Locality Sensitive Hashing(LSH). This view is significantly different and efficient than the widely popular view of LSH for near-neighbor search. We show the superiority of ACE algorithm over 11 popular baselines on 3 benchmark datasets, including the KDD-Cup99 data which is the largest available benchmark comprising of more than half a million entries with ground truth anomaly labels.
Short-Lived Plasmablasts Dominate the Early Spontaneous Rheumatoid Factor Response: Differentiation Pathways, Hypermutating Cell Types, and Affinity Maturation Outside the Germinal Center1

We used a newly validated approach to identify the initiation of an autoantibody response to identify the sites and cell differentiation pathways at early and late stages of the rheumatoid factor response. The autoimmune response is mainly comprised of rapidly turning over plasmablasts that, according to BrdU labeling, TUNEL, and hypermutation data, derive from an activated B cell precursor. Surprisingly, few long-lived plasma cells were generated. The response most likely initiates at the splenic T-B zone border and continues in the marginal sinus bridging channels. Both activated B cells and plasmablasts harbor V gene mutations; large numbers of mutations in mice with long-standing response indicate that despite the rapid turnover of responding cells, clones can persist for many weeks. These studies provide insights into the unique nature of an ongoing autoimmune response and may be a model for understanding the response to therapies such as B cell depletion.
A 140-GHz high-gain broadband tapered box-horn array antenna

A high-gain broadband low-profile low-loss antenna array of box horn at 140 GHz frequency fed by waveguide is proposed in this study. The element spacing is larger than one wavelength, resulting from the aperture size of horn and the width of the waveguide, which causes grating lobes. The simulated grating lobes in the E- and H-plane are below −16 dB and −19 dB, suppressed by a tapered structure and a special horn type of box horn, respectively. The horn array antenna exhibits 40.7-dBi peak gain and a relative impedance bandwidth of 25.26% from 120 GHz to 155.37 GHz under the condition of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) less than 2.
Meta-analysis reveals that seed-applied neonicotinoids and pyrethroids have similar negative effects on abundance of arthropod natural enemies

Background Seed-applied neonicotinoids are widely used in agriculture, yet their effects on non-target species remain incompletely understood. One important group of non-target species is arthropod natural enemies (predators and parasitoids), which contribute considerably to suppression of crop pests. We hypothesized that seed-applied neonicotinoids reduce natural-enemy abundance, but not as strongly as alternative insecticide options such as soil- and foliar-applied pyrethroids. Furthermore we hypothesized that seed-applied neonicotinoids affect natural enemies through a combination of toxin exposure and prey scarcity. Methods To test our hypotheses, we compiled datasets comprising observations from randomized field studies in North America and Europe that compared natural-enemy abundance in plots that were planted with seed-applied neonicotinoids to control plots that were either (1) managed without insecticides (20 studies, 56 site-years, 607 observations) or (2) managed with pyrethroid insecticides (eight studies, 15 site-years, 384 observations). Using the effect size Hedge’s d as the response variable, we used meta-regression to estimate the overall effect of seed-applied neonicotinoids on natural-enemy abundance and to test the influence of potential moderating factors. Results Seed-applied neonicotinoids reduced the abundance of arthropod natural enemies compared to untreated controls (d = −0.30 ± 0.10 [95% confidence interval]), and as predicted under toxin exposure this effect was stronger for insect than for non-insect taxa (QM = 8.70, df = 1, P = 0.003). Moreover, seed-applied neonicotinoids affected the abundance of arthropod natural enemies similarly to soil- or foliar-applied pyrethroids (d = 0.16 ± 0.42 or −0.02 ± 0.12; with or without one outlying study). Effect sizes were surprisingly consistent across both datasets (I2 = 2.7% for no-insecticide controls; I2 = 0% for pyrethroid controls), suggesting little moderating influence of crop species, neonicotinoid active ingredients, or methodological choices. Discussion Our meta-analysis of nearly 1,000 observations from North American and European field studies revealed that seed-applied neonicotinoids reduced the abundance of arthropod natural enemies similarly to broadcast applications of pyrethroid insecticides. These findings suggest that substituting pyrethroids for seed-applied neonicotinoids, or vice versa, will have little net affect on natural enemy abundance. Consistent with previous lab work, our results also suggest that seed-applied neonicotinoids are less toxic to spiders and mites, which can contribute substantially to biological control in many agricultural systems. Finally, our ability to interpret the negative effect of neonicotinoids on natural enemies is constrained by difficulty relating natural-enemy abundance to biological control function; this is an important area for future study.