Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modeling Language Discrepancy for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis

Language discrepancy is inherent and be part of human languages. Thereby, the same sentiment would be expressed in different patterns across different languages. Unfortunately, the language discrepancy is overlooked by existing works of cross-lingual sentiment analysis. How to accommodate the inherent language discrepancy in sentiment for better cross-lingual sentiment analysis is still an open question. In this paper, we aim to model the language discrepancy in sentiment expressions as intrinsic bilingual polarity correlations (IBPCs) for better cross-lingual sentiment analysis. Specifically, given a document of source language and its translated counterpart, we firstly devise a sentiment representation learning phase to extract monolingual sentiment representation for each document in this pair separately. Then, the two sentiment representations are transferred to be the points in a shared latent space, named hybrid sentiment space. The language discrepancy is then modeled as a fixed transfer vector under each particular polarity between the source and target languages in this hybrid sentiment space. Two relation-based bilingual sentiment transfer models (i.e., RBST-s, RBST-hp) are proposed to learn the fixped transfer vectors. The sentiment of a target-language document is then determined based on the transfer vector between it and its translated counterpart in the hybrid sentiment space. Extensive experiments over a real-world benchmark dataset demonstrate the superiority of the proposed models against several state-of-the-art alternatives.
Immunocytochemical staining of c‐erbB‐2 oncogene in fine‐needle aspirates of breast carcinoma: A comparison with tissue sections and other breast cancer prognostic factors

The role of fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in breast cancer management is expanding to include prognostic in addition to diagnostic studies. This study was undertaken to compare the immunohistochemical staining of c‐erbB‐2, a breast cancer prognostic factor, on cytologic FNA smears of breast cancer with that on corresponding formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections of the same tumor and to correlate the c‐erbB‐2 expression with other known breast cancer prognostic factors. FNA smears (destained, alcoholfixed, Pap‐stained direct smears) and corresponding tissue sections (formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, unstained sections) from 36 primary breast carcinomas were stained immunohistochemically with c‐erbB‐2 antibody using an avidin‐biotin procedure. Ten tumors (28%) showed strong positive staining for c‐erbB‐2 on the FNA smear and, of those ten, seven were positive on the corresponding tissue section and three were negative. In several of the cytology and tissue positive cases, staining on the tissue section was significantly weaker than on the FNA smear. Two cases involved treatment with preoperative chemotherapy; in one of those cases, tissue staining was weaker than cytologic staining, and, in the other case, both were negative. Correlation of c‐erbB‐2 staining with other prognostic factors showed an association between positive c‐erbB‐2 staining and high nuclear grade. Our results indicate that immunohistochemical staining for c‐erbB‐2 can be performed on destained FNA smears of breast carcinomas and may be more sensitive on the cytologic specimens than on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue sections. Diagn Cytopathol 1994;11:250–254. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward Reducing Crop Spoilage and Increasing Small Farmer Profits in India: a Simultaneous Hardware and Software Solution

India's agricultural system has been facing a severe problem of crop wastage. A key contributing factor to this problem is that many small farmers lack access to reliable cold storage that extends crop shelf-life. To avoid having leftover crops that spoil, these farmers often sell their crops at unfavorable low prices. Inevitably, not all crops are sold before spoilage. Even if the farmers have access to cold storage, the farmers may not know how long to hold different crops in cold storage for, which hinges on strategizing over when and where to sell their harvest. In this note, we present progress toward a simultaneous hardware and software solution that aims to help farmers reduce crop spoilage and increase their profits. The hardware is a cost-effective solar-powered refrigerator and control unit. The software refers to a produce price forecasting system, for which we have tested a number of machine learning methods. Note that unlike standard price forecasting tasks such as for stock market data, the produce price data from predominantly rural Indian markets have a large amount of missing values. In developing our two-pronged solution, we are actively working with farmers at two pilot sites in Karnataka and Odisha.
Key issues in designing capacitance tomography sensors

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) has been developed for visualising the distribution of dielectric materials using multi-electrode capacitance sensors. Although it is crucial to design an ECT sensor suitable for a specific application, some key issues have not been discussed systematically in the literature, such as the number and length of electrodes, the use of internal or external electrodes, implications of wall thickness, effects of driven guard electrodes and earthed screens (including the outer screen, axial end screens and radial screens), withstanding high temperature and high pressure, fabrication of an ECT sensor and dealing with electrostatics. This paper will address these key issues, with reference to some existing designs, and discuss the criteria for designing ECT sensors, the advantages and disadvantages of different designs, and some of the engineering challenges. Finally, some non-conventional ECT sensors, such as square, conical and 3D sensors, will be presented.
Impaired apparent ion demand in experimental diabetic retinopathy: correction by lipoic Acid.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that early in the course of diabetes, apparent ion demand within the retina is impaired and may be corrected by alpha-lipoic acid (LPA), a drug that inhibits vascular histopathology. METHODS Intraretinal manganese ion uptake and retinal thickness were measured from high-resolution manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) data of control and streptozocin diabetic male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and of control and diabetic female Lewis rats with and without treatment with LPA. In a subgroup of male SD rats, blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity was also assessed with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. In addition, ion-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to measure baseline whole manganese levels from retinas of control and diabetic rats. RESULTS Manganese ion uptake by receptor and postreceptor retina was subnormal in each untreated diabetic groups, and these deficiencies could be corrected with LPA treatment. ICP-MS studies found no differences in baseline retinal manganese concentration between control and diabetic rats. In 3-month-old diabetic male SD rats, total and postreceptor retinal thickness increased (P < 0.05) without loss of BRB integrity. In contrast, in untreated and treated diabetic female Lewis rats, retinal thicknesses were normal. CONCLUSIONS The present results support the hypothesis that LPA can correct the impaired apparent ion demand in experimental diabetic retinopathy.
Reduced expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene in the hypothalamus of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene encodes an approximately 150-165 kD glycoprotein that is mutated in individuals with cystic fibrosis. Previous studies demonstrated expression of the CFTR gene in the hypothalamus, suggesting a potential role for this molecule in the regulation of systemic metabolic functions. Individuals with cystic fibrosis often exhibit wasting and marked reductions in body fat content. Since the hypothalamus is a late target of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), we postulated that patients with end-stage AD and bodily wasting would have reduced levels of CFTR expression in the hypothalamus. METHODS CFTR mRNA and protein were examined in postmortem hypothalamic tissue from 11 AD and 7 aged controls using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining. Standardized sections that included the supra-optic, paraventricular, anterior, and ventromedial nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamus were studied. RESULTS The density of CFTR+ neurons and the intensity of the CFTR hybridization signals were strikingly reduced in AD. Immunohistochemical staining studies demonstrated CFTR immunoreactivity most prominently distributed in small clusters of neurites (5 to 20 in number). Digital image quantification showed that the density of CFTR+ neurites was significantly reduced in AD relative to aged control samples (P=0.001). However, there was no evidence for selective involvement of particular hypothalamic nuclei. CONCLUSIONS CFTR gene expression is down-regulated and its corresponding immunoreactivity reduced in AD relative to control hypothalamic tissue. Reduced CFTR expression in the hypothalamus may represent an important mechanism by which AD neurodegeneration contributes to body wasting in the late stages of disease.
Chronic arsenic trioxide exposure leads to enhanced aggressiveness via Met oncogene addiction in cancer cells

As an environmental poison, arsenic is responsible for many cancer deaths. Paradoxically, arsenic trioxide (ATO) presents also a powerful therapy used to treat refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and is intensively investigated for treatment of other cancer types. Noteworthy, cancer therapy is frequently hampered by drug resistance, which is also often associated with enhancement of tumor aggressiveness. In this study, we analyzed ATO-selected cancer cells (A2780ATO) for the mechanisms underlying their enhanced tumorigenicity and aggressiveness. These cells were characterized by enhanced proliferation and spheroid growth as well as increased tumorigenicity of xenografts in SCID mice. Noteworthy, subsequent studies revealed that overexpression of Met receptor was the underlying oncogenic driver of these effects, as A2780ATO cells were characterized by collateral sensitivity against Met inhibitors. This finding was also confirmed by array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and whole genome gene expression arrays, which revealed that Met overexpression by chronic ATO exposure was based on the transcriptional regulation via activation of AP-1. Finally, it was shown that treatment with the Met inhibitor crizotinib was also effective against A2780ATO cell xenografts in vivo, indicating that targeting of Met presents a promising strategy for the treatment of Met-overexpressing tumors after either arsenic exposure or failure to ATO treatment.
Factor VIII organisation on nanodiscs with different lipid composition

Summary Nanodiscs (ND) are lipid bilayer membrane patches held by amphiphilic scaffolding proteins (MSP) of ~10 nm in diameter. Nanodiscs have been developed as lipid nanoplatforms for structural and functional studies of membrane and membrane associated proteins. Their size and monodispersity have rendered them unique for electron microscopy (EM) and single particle analysis studies of proteins and complexes either spanning or associated to the ND membrane. Binding of blood coagulation factors and complexes, such as the Factor VIII (FVIII) and the Factor VIIIa - Factor IXa (intrinsic tenase) complex to the negatively charged activated platelet membrane is required for normal haemostasis. In this study we present our work on optimising ND, specifically designed to bind FVIII at close to physiological conditions. The binding of FVIII to the negatively charged ND rich in phosphatidylserine (PS) was followed by electron microscopy at three different PS compositions and two different membrane scaffolding protein (MSP1D1) to lipid ratios. Our results show that the ND with highest PS content (80 %) and lowest MSP1D1 to lipid ratio (1:47) are the most suitable for structure determination of the membrane-bound FVIII by single particle EM. Our preliminary FVIII 3D reconstruction as bound to PS containing ND demonstrates the suitability of the optimised ND for structural studies by EM. Further assembly of the activated FVIII form (FVIIIa) and the whole FVIIIa-FIXa complex on ND, followed by EM and single particle reconstruction will help to identify the protein-protein and protein-membrane interfaces critical for the intrinsic tenase complex assembly and function.
[Study on dietary patterns and its effect on infant health among left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural Anhui].

OBJECTIVE To investigate dietary patterns of left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural Anhui, and to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and infant health. METHODS In total, 424 left-behind children aged 1-4 years old were selected from 12 villages in 2 counties of Anhui province, 212 were both parents working out and 212 were both parents not working out. Infant dietary patterns were evaluated by a self-developed questionnaire, the reliability and validity were also assessed. Physical development, peripheral blood hemoglobin, traces elements of zinc, urinary iodine, infant neuropsychological development were evaluated. RESULTS Infant dietary patterns in rural areas could be divided into 4 types, traditional type, animal protein-based type, nutrition-based type and beverage-based type. The prevalence of high score of nutrition type and animal protein-based type of infant dietary patterns in left-behind children were significant lower than those in control group. The prevalence of malnutrition, nutritional anemia, zinc deficiency, iodine deficiency in left-behind children with both parents working out were higher than those of control group (4.7%, 19.8%, 46.2%, 21.7% vs 0.9%, 8.5%, 34.4% and 12.7%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of mental retardation and mental edge were significant higher in left-behind children than those of control group (3.8%, 20.8 vs 1.9%, 10.4%). Among left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural area, the prevalence of malnutrition was higher in infant with low score of traditional type dietary, the prevalence of obesity was higher in infant with high score of traditional type dietary (chi2 = 18.725, P = 0.002). The prevalence of nutritional anemia, zinc deficiency, mental retardation and mental edge were higher in infant with low scores of animal protein-based type and nutrition-based type dietary (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The feeding patterns of left-behind children aged 1-4 years old with both parents working out in rural were different to those with both parents not working out. Infant nutrition status was significantly associated with the intake frequency of traditional food. The prevalence of infant nutritional diseases and mental development were significantly associated with the intake frequency of animal protein-based food and nutrition-based food.
[Normal reference values and predict equations of heart function].

OBJECTIVE For heart functional parameters, we commonly used normal range. The reference values and predict formulas of heart functional parameters and their relationships with individual characteristics are still lack. METHODS Left ventricular (LV) volumes (end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF) and cardiac output (CO) were measured by cardiac CT angiography (CAT) in 1 200 healthy Caucasian volunteers, men 807 and women 393, and age 20-90yr. The results are analyzed by high-accuracy three-dimensional imaging technology, and then measured the dynamic changes of the volumes of each atriam and ventricule during their contractions and relaxations. The gender, age, height and weight were analyzed by multiple linear regression to predict LV functional parameters. RESULTS Except the LVEF was lower in man than in women (P < 0.001), all other LV functional parameters of EDV, ESV, SV, FE and CO were higher in man (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression indicated that age, gender, height and weight are all independent factors of EDV, ESV and SV (P < 0.001). CO could be significantly predicted by age, gender and weight (P < 0.001), but not height (P > 0.05). The predict equation for CO (L x min(-1)) = 6.963+0.446 (Male) -0.037 x age (yr) +0.013 x weight (kg). CONCLUSION Age, gender, height and weight are predictors of heart functions. The reference values and predict equations are important for noninvasive and accurate evaluation of cardiovascular disease and individualized treatment.
Effects of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and of rosuvastatin on left ventricular function in chronic heart failure: a substudy of GISSI‐HF trial

The GISSI‐HF trial showed that n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but not rosuvastatin, reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure (HF) of any cause. The aim of this echocardiographic substudy of GISSI‐HF was to investigate the effects of n‐3 PUFA and of rosuvastatin on left ventricular (LV) function in such patients.
The angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan reduces urinary albumin excretion in patients with isolated systolic hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Objective To examine the effect of telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide on the control of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) unselected for albuminuria in a pre-planned substudy of a large, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. Methods The Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Micardis in Isolated Systolic hypertension (ARAMIS) study compared the antihypertensive efficacy after 6 weeks of once-daily fixed doses of telmisartan 20, 40 or 80 mg versus hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg or placebo in patients (n = 1039, aged 35–84 years) with ISH (seated blood pressure 150–179/< 90 mmHg). The prospective substudy analysed UAE using spot morning samples. Results Urinary albumin (> 2.2–901.6 mg/l) was detected at baseline in 614 out of 918 patients who were included in the substudy analysis. In the telmisartan group (n = 354, all doses combined), a median reduction in UAE from a baseline of 14.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.3, 21.8] was observed versus 1.1% (95% CI −13.5 to 16.0) and 2.7% (95% CI −0.9 to 19.9) in the hydrochlorothiazide (n = 140) and placebo (n = 120) groups, respectively. The difference between telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide was significant (P = 0.017). Reductions in UAE with telmisartan were observed in patients with baseline normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. Telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide produced comparable reductions in systolic blood pressure in these patients. Conclusion In patients with ISH unselected for baseline albuminuria, telmisartan 20–80 mg after 6 weeks' treatment afforded significantly greater lowering of UAE than hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, irrespective of the baseline UAE, and despite comparable reductions in systolic blood pressure with both drugs.
Design of a V-band 2 × 2 dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna array

A high gain V-band on-chip 2×2 dual-polarization dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array in silicon substrate based on Integrated Passive Device (IPD) technology is presented in the paper. In the proposed structure, dielectric resonator (DR) was fed by using wire-bond structures for bandwidth and antenna efficiency improvement. The simulation and measurement regarding the DRA element reflection coefficient and isolation are conducted for design validation. The simulated results show that the antenna can operate in V-band, and the impedance bandwidth with |S11| less than −10 dB is from 55.7 GHz to 65.8 GHz. The peak gain is 10.3 dBi. The proposed design is well suited for System-in-Package millimeter-wave radio front-ends.
The Architect's Role in Community Shepherding

Software architects don't just design architecture components or champion architecture qualities; they often must guide and harmonize the entire community of project stakeholders. The community-shepherding aspects of the architect's role have been gaining attention, given the increasing importance of complex "organizational rewiring" scenarios such as DevOps, open source strategies, transitions to agile development, and corporate acquisitions. In these scenarios, architects would benefit by having effective models to align communities with architectures. This article discusses the "smells" indicating that a community isn't functioning efficiently, offers a set of mitigations for those smells, and provides an overview of community types.
An interprofessional programme to culturally sensitise students to the needs of patients and realities of practice in rural areas

ABSTRACT The University of North Dakota programme, Students/residents Experiences And Rotations in Community Health (SEARCH), was implemented to address recruitment and retention problems and stereotypes associated with practicing in rural areas by providing an opportunity for health profession students to gain experience living and practicing in rural areas and observing interprofessional practice. Each health profession student in the programme (n = 181) from 2001 to 2011 (excluding 2009) kept a four-week journal detailing daily or weekly interactions, general thoughts, and experiences. Students who participated were from medical, psychology, dental, social work, nurse practitioner, and physician assistant professions. Results were grouped into three major themes around whether the experience increased their knowledge of healthcare issues in rural areas in North Dakota, increased their knowledge about interprofessional teams, and expanded their rural awareness. Overall, students valued this interprofessional experience, learned how to work in collaborative teams, and reported having a better understanding of the needs and problems in rural healthcare. Recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals in rural healthcare exhibit many challenges. The SEARCH programme has helped to alleviate some of these challenges; however, continued support for these programmes is necessary to sustain the delivery of interprofessional healthcare in rural areas.