Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior of organic compounds during infiltration of river water to groundwater. Field studies.

The behavior of organic micropollutants during infiltration of river water to groundwater has been studied at two field sites in Switzerland. In agreement with predictions from model calculations, persistent organic chemicals exhibiting octanol/water partition coefficients smaller than about 5000 moved rapidly with the infiltrating river water to the groundwater. The biological processes responsible for the “elimination” of various micropollutants (e.g., alkylated and chlorinated benzenes) occurred predominantly within the first few meters of infiltration. Alkylated benzenes were “eliminated” at faster rates than 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Anaerobic conditions in the aquifer near the river hindered the biological transformation of 1,4dichlorobenzene. Among the compounds that were found to be persistent under any conditions were chloroform, l,l,l-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and tetrachloroethylene. With respect to such chemicals, bank filtration is ineffective as a first step in the treatment of river water for water supplies. Since in many European countries a significant fraction of the groundwater is recharged through infiltration of river water (1,2), the impact of river pollution on groundwater quality is of major concern. In addition, many waterworks use natural or artificial bank filtration as a first step in the treatment of river water for water supplies (3, 4). Therefore, the behavior of organic pollutants during infiltration is of great interest. The transport and fate of organic pollutants in a river water-groundwater infiltration system is determined by several interacting processes, including advection, dispersion, (ad)sorption/desorption, hydrolysis, redox reactions, and biological transformations. In laboratory experiments, individual processes may be studied under controlled conditions (5,6), and mathematical models may be developed to predict the effect of a particular process on the transport and fate of a compound in the environment (7,8). However, comprehensive field investigations are needed to evaluate the applicability of laboratory studies and model calculations to natural systems. To date, most of the field studies on natural river water-groundwater infiltration systems have been conducted with respect to the use of bank filtrate for public water supplies (e.g., ref 3). These studies have usually been confined to monitoring selected water constituents in the river and in groundwater wells near the region of infiltration. The temporal and spatial variations in concentration of organic compounds along the infiltration path have not been thoroughly investigated. Consequently, the results of such investigations provide only very limited insights into the behavior of individual compounds during infiltration. In this paper, we report the results of two field studies aimed at investigating the transport and fate of organic micropollutants, including chlorinated hydrocarbons, alkylated benzenes, and chlorinated phenols during natural infiltration of river water to groundwater. In the near
Rectangular current commutation and open-loop control for starting of a free-piston linear engine-generator

Starting a free-piston linear engine-generator consists of reciprocating a freely moving piston-magnet-translator assembly between two oppositely placed engine cylinders to initiate combustion. To provide for the reciprocating force, the machine is operated as a brushless linear motor. A starting strategy is proposed which utilizes the air-spring quality of the engine cylinders prior to combustion: by energizing the coils with fixed DC voltage and by open-loop, rectangular commutation of injected current, sufficiently high motor force is produced to reciprocate the piston-magnet assembly in small amplitudes initially. Due to repeated compression-expansion of the engine cylinders and constant application of motoring force in the direction of natural bouncing motion, the translatorpsilas amplitude and compression pressure is expected to grow - due to mechanical resonance - to finally reach the required parameters for combustion. This work discusses the electrical aspects of the starting strategy, considers control possibilities, builds a model of the electrical subsystem and presents simulation and validation tests of the integrated model for starting investigation.
Full-Duplex Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Phase Difference

With recent breakthroughs in full-duplex radio, there is a growing trend to combine it with cognitive radio. Thus the topic of spectrum sensing in full-duplex scenario is addressed in this paper. Firstly, the concept of full-duplex spectrum sensing and its advantage over traditional half-duplex spectrum sensing are analyzed. Then a correlation based least square algorithm is formulated to cancel out self-interference, in which no preamble is required. We notice that the phase distribution of noise differs greatly from that of noise-perturbed signals. Therefore, a novel spectrum sensing scheme using phase difference as test statistics is introduced. Its theoretical performance is also analyzed by approximating the test statistics as Gaussian distribution. The proposed detector is simple and immune to noise uncertainty due to the independence of its threshold on noise power. Simulation results show that robust sensing performance can be achieved in full-duplex scenario using correlation based least square and the phase based sensing scheme.
Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Bacteriophage following Soil Fertilization with Dairy Manure or Municipal Biosolids, and Evidence for Potential Transduction

ABSTRACT Animal manures and municipal biosolids recycled onto crop production land carry antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can influence the antibiotic resistome of agricultural soils, but little is known about the contribution of bacteriophage to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in this context. In this work, we quantified a set of ARGs in the bacterial and bacteriophage fractions of agricultural soil by quantitative PCR. All tested ARGs were present in both the bacterial and phage fractions. We demonstrate that fertilization of soil with dairy manure or human biosolids increases ARG abundance in the bacterial fraction but not the bacteriophage fraction and further show that pretreatment of dairy manure can impact ARG abundance in the bacterial fraction. Finally, we show that purified bacteriophage can confer increased antibiotic resistance to soil bacteria when combined with selective pressure. The results indicate that soilborne bacteriophage represents a substantial reservoir of antibiotic resistance and that bacteriophage could play a significant role in the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the context of an agricultural soil microbiome. Overall, our work reinforces the advisability of composting or digesting fecal material prior to field application and suggests that application of some antibiotics at subclinical concentrations can promote bacteriophage-mediated horizontal transfer of ARGs in agricultural soil microbiomes.
Performance and population analysis of a non‐sterile trickle bed reactor inoculated with Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, a thermophilic hydrogen producer

Non‐axenic operation of a 400 L trickle bed reactor inoculated with the thermophile Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, yielded 2.8 mol H2/mol hexose converted. The reactor was fed with a complex medium with sucrose as the main substrate, continuously flushed with nitrogen gas, and operated at 73°C. The volumetric productivity was 22 mmol H2/(L filterbed h). Acetic acid and lactic acid were the main by‐products in the liquid phase. Production of lactic acid occurred when hydrogen partial pressure was elevated above 2% and during suboptimal fermentation conditions that also resulted in the presence of mono‐ and disaccharides in the effluent. Methane production was negligible. The microbial community was analyzed at two different time points during operation. Initially, other species related to members of the genera Thermoanaerobacterium and Caldicellulosiruptor were present in the reactor. However, these were out‐competed by C. saccharolyticus during a period when sucrose was completely used and no saccharides were discharged with the effluent. In general, the use of pure cultures in non‐sterile industrial applications is known to be less useful because of contamination. However, our results show that the applied fermentation conditions resulted in a culture of a single dominant organism with excellent hydrogen production characteristics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 1361–1367. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HYBRID APPROACH TO AUTOMATIC SUMMARIZATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS

The paper is devoted to the methods of automatic summarization, which use the representation of a text in the form of a graph. And contains an attempt at formal description of the text transformation in terms of the predicate calculus logic. The proposed method combines the use of a linguistic knowledge base, graph representation of texts and machine learning. The fragments of a text, such as words, sentences, paragraphs, are represented as graph nodes, and relations between nodes, for example, rhetorical relations, are denoted by edges. Automatic determination of rhetorical relations in the text allows you to set the location of the nucleus and satellite. To compile a brief annotation, it is necessary to transform the original text, based on the assumption that the nucleus contains the most important part of the statement. The relations between discursive markers in the text define a hierarchy that allows one to solve various problems of word processing in a natural language, including the task of automatically compiling a short abstract on a large volume of text. The summarization process created by the authors consists of six main steps: preprocessing, topic modeling, rhetorical analysis and transformation, weight evaluation, sentence selection, and smoothing. Topic modeling is used to discover key terms. First, unigram topiс models, that contain only one-word terms, are constructed. These models are further expanded by adding multiword terms. The most significant fragments of the source document are determined in the process of rhetorical analysis using discursive markers. Presentation of texts in the form of graphs helps to demonstrate the transformations with the text necessary to highlight important fragments. In assessing the importance of the text fragments are also included keywords, multiword and scientific terms, describing the scientific and technical texts. To store the marker information has created a linguistic knowledge base. The final step in the formation of the annotation is smoothing — a text conversion procedure that allows you to make the text of the abstract (annotation) received more coherent and consistent. The importance of sentences is determined using discursive markers and connectors. We used additive regularization for topic modeling (ARTM) to extract keywords and discover the topics. Our proposed BigARTM and Rake hybrid method for obtaining thematic models and the task of obtaining an abstract using RST markers, action and templates showed its effectiveness and efficiency in testing and in comparison with other methods as was shown in comparisons using the precision, recall and F-measure calculated in a way similar to [2, 10].
On mode discernibility and switching detectability for linear switching systems using a data-based projection method

This paper addresses the problem of Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI) of switching systems where faulty behaviours are represented as faulty modes. The objectives of the on-line FDI are to identify accurately the current mode and to estimate precisely the switching time. A data-based method is considered here to generate residuals that will be used for FDI. The discernibility condition between modes is established. It is claimed in the literature that discernibility conditions are necessary for switching detection. However, it is shown in this paper that the switching may be detected with the proposed residuals even if the modes are not discernible. Detectability conditions between modes are established and are shown to be different from discernibility ones. A simulation example is provided to illustrate this important result.
Molecular cytogenetic analysis of a de novo balanced X;autosome translocation: Evidence for predominant inactivation of the derivative X chromosome in a girl with multiple malformations

We report on the characterization of a de novo, apparently balanced translocation t(X;15)(p11.3;q26) detected in a girl with multiple congenital malformations. Replication banding studies on Epstein–Barr virus transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed non‐random X chromosome inactivation with predominant inactivation of the derivative X chromosome. Using chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), we located the breakpoints to a 30 kb region on the short arm of the X chromosome band p11.3 and to a 160 kb region defined by BAC RP11‐89K11 on the long arm of chromosome 15. Our data suggest that the disruption/disturbance of plant homeo domain (PHD) zinc finger gene KIAA0215 or of another gene (RGN, RNU12, P17.3, or RBM10) in the breakpoint region on the X chromosome is not well tolerated and leads to the selection of cells with an active non‐rearranged X chromosome. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impacts of HOx regeneration and recycling in the oxidation of isoprene: Consequences for the composition of past, present and future atmospheres

A global chemistry‐climate model is used to assess the impact on atmospheric composition of the regeneration and recycling of HOx in the photo‐oxidation of isoprene. The impact is explored subject to present‐day, pre‐industrial and future climate/emission scenarios. Our calculations show that, in all cases, the inclusion of uni‐molecular isomerisations of the isoprene hydroxy‐peroxy radicals leads to enhanced production of HOx radicals and ozone. The global burden of ozone increases by 25–36 Tg (8–18%), depending on the climate/emissions scenario, whilst the changes in OH lead to decreases in the methane lifetime of between 11% in the future and 35% in the pre‐industrial. Critically the size of the change in methane lifetime depends on the VOC/NOx emission ratio. The results of the present‐day calculations suggest a certain amount of parameter refinement is still needed to reconcile the updated chemistry with field observations (particularly for HO2+RO2). However, the updated chemistry could have far‐reaching implications for: future‐climate predictions; projections of future oxidising capacity; and our understanding of past changes in oxidising capacity.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Ultra-Low Power SRAM Bit-Cell at 45nm CMOS Technology for Bio-Medical Implants

Bio-Implantable Microsystems such as the cardiac pacemaker, retinal and neural implant provides substitute for a missing biological part, support an impaired biological structure or even upgrade the existing biological system. These microsystems require ultra-low power miniature integrated circuit technology for long term reliable operation. For energy constraint applications like the implantable devices, the performance requirement are secondary factors while energy efficiency, low power, high density and high robustness are of primary concern. For low power operation, scaling the supply voltage into sub-threshold region is possible and is an effective technique for power reduction. Implantable devices require minimum energy consumption and prolonged battery lifetime. So these systems demand low leakage currents without sacrificing much on performance. In this work a new 9T MTIP3 SRAM Bit-Cell is proposed at 45nm CMOS technology using multi-threshold (MTCMOS) design technique. The static power saving in MTIP3 is 99.83% as compared to conventional 6T and 23.82% as compared to IP3 at VDD=0.8V. The dynamic power saving of read1 in MTIP3 is 86.37% as compared to 6T. The dynamic power saving of write1 in MTIP3 is 66.23% as compared to IP3. The access time of MTIP3 is 16.94% less than 6T. The energy saving during hold mode in MTIP3 is 99.5% as compared to 6T. Static Noise Margins are improved by 2.07% compared to IP3 at VDD =0.7V.
Melatonin reduces cardiac inflammatory injury induced by acute exercise

Abstract: Cardiac muscle tissue, when stimulated by acute exercise, presents increased signs of cell damage. This study was designed to investigate whether overexpression of inflammatory mediators induced in the heart by acute exercise could be prevented by melatonin and whether the protective effect of melatonin was related with inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) activation. Male Wistar rats received melatonin i.p. at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight 3 min before being exercised for 60 min on a treadmill at a speed of 25 m/min and a 10% slope. Exercise was associated with a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity and in TNF‐α, IL‐1 and IL‐6 mRNA levels. Both mRNA level and protein concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase‐2 were also significantly elevated. A significant activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) was observed in exercised rats. These effects were totally or partially prevented by melatonin administration. Data obtained indicate that melatonin protects against heart damage caused by acute exercise. Impaired production of noxious mediators involved in the inflammatory process and down‐regulation of the NF‐κB signal transduction pathway appear to contribute to the beneficial effects of melatonin.
Design and performance of power generation using speed breaker with the help of Rack and Pinion mechanism

Power is everything in this recent world, from the beginning of science still people try to discover the sources, modify and develop many concepts and methods for a better future. The efficiency of power generation is the key to making a country economically enriched. This project includes how to utilize the energy which is wasted when the vehicles pass over a speed breaker. The proposed project has been designed with the help of Rack and Pinion mechanism of converting rotational energy into electrical energy, to proper utilization of wasted energy during the passing over of speed breaker. This method provides an efficient way to generate electricity from the kinetic energy of moving vehicles in roads, highways etc. The power developed found 205.2864 MW and percentage of error was found 25.90% (per year), which is the very compatible with the other mechanism. The practical results show that proposed project is highly promising for future renewable technology, which can be used as the ecofriendly power generation technology.
Suppression of Oxidative Stress by β-Hydroxybutyrate, an Endogenous Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor

Stress Protector During prolonged fasting, the oxidation of fatty acids leads to increased accumulation of d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) in the bloodstream. Such increased concentrations of βOHB inhibit class I histone deacetylases. Histone acetylation in turn influences transcriptional activity at various genes. Shimazu et al. (p. 211, published online 6 December; see the Perspective by Sassone-Corsi) found that among the genes showing increased transcription in animals treated with high concentrations of βOHB were two genes implicated in cellular responses to oxidative stress. When treated ahead of time with βOHB, mice were protected from the toxic effects of the oxidative stress causing poison paraquat. Ketone bodies, metabolites that accumulate during fasting, change gene expression by inhibiting histone deacetylases. [Also see Perspective by Sassone-Corsi] Concentrations of acetyl–coenzyme A and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) affect histone acetylation and thereby couple cellular metabolic status and transcriptional regulation. We report that the ketone body d-β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) is an endogenous and specific inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Administration of exogenous βOHB, or fasting or calorie restriction, two conditions associated with increased βOHB abundance, all increased global histone acetylation in mouse tissues. Inhibition of HDAC by βOHB was correlated with global changes in transcription, including that of the genes encoding oxidative stress resistance factors FOXO3A and MT2. Treatment of cells with βOHB increased histone acetylation at the Foxo3a and Mt2 promoters, and both genes were activated by selective depletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2. Consistent with increased FOXO3A and MT2 activity, treatment of mice with βOHB conferred substantial protection against oxidative stress.
Automated generation of virtual road scenarios for efficient tests of driver assistance systems

Today, driver assistance systems and autonomous vehicles are actively developed and verified in real-world test scenarios. These real-world tests are neither cheap nor sufficient to ensure a reasonably low enough risk of failure. In order to enable efficient and methodical system tests, we propose the use of Virtual Testbeds (VTBs) as a software environment in which "Digital Twins" of real vehicles and road scenarios are modelled and simulated. In this contribution, we describe a rule-based approach and overall workflow for semi-automatic generation of road scenarios for the automated testing of driver assistance systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing procedural generation techniques suited to this application is selected to automatically generate scenes which adequately mimic real-world scenarios.
Glycosylation of the Collagen Adhesin EmaA of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Dependent upon the Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthetic Pathway

ABSTRACT The human oropharyngeal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans synthesizes multiple adhesins, including the nonfimbrial extracellular matrix protein adhesin A (EmaA). EmaA monomers trimerize to form antennae-like structures on the surface of the bacterium, which are required for collagen binding. Two forms of the protein have been identified, which are suggested to be linked with the type of O-polysaccharide (O-PS) of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesized (G. Tang et al., Microbiology 153:2447-2457, 2007). This association was investigated by generating individual mutants for a rhamnose sugar biosynthetic enzyme (rmlC; TDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-glucose 3,5-epimerase), the ATP binding cassette (ABC) sugar transport protein (wzt), and the O-antigen ligase (waaL). All three mutants produced reduced amounts of O-PS, and the EmaA monomers in these mutants displayed a change in their electrophoretic mobility and aggregation state, as observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. The modification of EmaA with O-PS sugars was suggested by lectin blots, using the fucose-specific Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA). Fucose is one of the glycan components of serotype b O-PS. The rmlC mutant strain expressing the modified EmaA protein demonstrated reduced collagen adhesion using an in vitro rabbit heart valve model, suggesting a role for the glycoconjugant in collagen binding. These data provide experimental evidence for the glycosylation of an oligomeric, coiled-coil adhesin and for the dependence of the posttranslational modification of EmaA on the LPS biosynthetic machinery in A. actinomycetemcomitans.