Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of WaveLAN®, an ISM band wireless LAN

Wireless voice communications has seen a great many changes in the last few years, including the evolution of cordless telephones, cellular systems, and the development of standards for personal communications services (PCS). Recently, high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been getting more attention, both in marketing and research. This paper discusses the design philosophy in the development of NCR's WaveLAN®, and the technical tradeoffs.
Evolving Connectionist Systems: Methods and Applications in Bioinformatics, Brain Study and Intelligent Machines

Prologue. - Part I: Evolving Connectionist Systems: Methods and Techniques. - Evolving Processes and Evolving Connectionist Systems. - Evolving Connectionist Systems for Unsupervised Learning. - Evolving Connectionist Systems for Supervised Learning. - Recurrent Evolving Systems, Reinforcement Learning and Evolving Automata. - Evolving Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems. - Evolutionary Computation and Evolving Connectionist Systems. - Evolving Connectionist Machines: A Framework, Biological Motivation. - and Implementation Issues. - Part II: Evolving connectionist systems: Applications in Bioinformatics, Brain Study and Intelligent Systems. - Data Analysis, Modelling and Knowledge Discovery in Bioinformatics. - Dynamic Modelling of Brain Functions and Cognitive Processes. - Modelling the Emergence of Acoustic Segments (Phonemes) in Spoken Languages. - On-Line Adaptive Speech Recognition. - On-Line Image and Video Data Processing. - Evolving Systems for Integrated Multi-Modal Information Processing. - Epilogue. - References. - Extended Glossary. - Subject Index.
A two-level hierarchy software architecture framework for the manufacturing industry

The main objective is to propose an integrated framework architecture that facilitates coordination and collaboration among different managerial levels in a manufacturing facility. We are deploying an object-oriented approach as the conceptual modeling methodology. Our thesis is that local decisions (at the operation level) can benefit from the timely accessibility of appropriately aggregate decisions that are imposed by top management. In turn, the manufacturing system as a whole can benefit from timely dissemination of appropriate aggregate decisions pertaining to improvements of the overall productivity, and profitability of the manufacturing system. We report on the development and implementation of framework for integrating tactical and operational decisions. The developed framework is user-friendly, generic in nature and will be of interest to practitioners and managers for the manufacturing industry to assist their decision-making.
Improving the official specification of Java bytecode verification

Bytecode verification is the main mechanism to ensure type safety in the Java Virtual Machine. Inadequacies in its official specification may lead to incorrect implementations where security can be broken and/or certain legal programs are rejected. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the specification, along with concrete suggestions for improvement. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimum feature extraction and selection for automatic fault diagnosis of reluctance motors

An intelligent approach artificial neural network (ANN) combined with genetic approach (GA) is presented for detection of stator winding related fault of switched reluctance machine. Switched reluctance machine (SRM) is known to be fault tolerant, however, is not fault free, and questions emerge as to powerful diagnostic methods. This paper takes an in-depth look at winding open-circuits `the worst case' in this particular machine. Various cases are considered, falling in two distinct categories: (i) when an entire phase is opened; (ii) when only part of a winding is opened. Therefore, application of classification method is very necessary to get the exact information to classify and to obtain a more complete labeling, and so, a more powerful diagnosis. An appropriate features extraction and features selection techniques should be incorporated. In this proposed method, smoothing Time-Frequency Representation (TFR) from a time-frequency ambiguity plane is used to extract features from torque time signals. In order to reduce the number of the features, a GA is suggested to select optimal ones. The new features provide more sensitive information for a classifier. The proposed features feed a simple non-linear classifier based ANN which separates almost perfectly between normal and faulty conditions, with also very high diagnostic accuracy between the faulty classes. Experiments are carried out using a laboratory apparatus to show the how various configurations of the system are able to detect different classes of faults. The proposed method successfully distinguished the difference, and classified SRM open-circuit faults correctly.
Ulcerative colitis: management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published a clinical guideline in 2013 entitled ‘Ulcerative colitis: Management in adults, children and young people (NICE Clinical Guideline CG166)’. This guideline review discusses the evidence base, compares the guideline with current practice and published guidelines, and summarises the key points relevant to pediatricians who manage children with UC.
Optimized base station sleeping and renewable energy procurement using PSO

Recently, energy efficiency (EE) has drawn more and more attentions due to the need for green communication. It is well-known that the base station (BS) sleeping strategy and radio resource allocation can effectively improve the EE for the wireless communication networks. Meanwhile, renewable energy is important to decrease the carbon emissions which is also subject to the need for green communication. In this paper, we jointly optimize the BS sleeping strategy, resource allocation and renewable energy procurement scheme to maximize the profit of the network operators and minimize the carbon emissions. We formulate the joint optimization problem as a mixed integer programming problem which is difficult to tackle in general. In the first, we adopt the bi-velocity discrete particle swarm optimization (BVDPSO) algorithm to optimize the BS sleeping strategy. When the BS sleeping strategy is fixed, the original optimization problem only consists of the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement which is also difficult to solve due to the combinatorial nature of the subcarrier assignment. Then, we propose an optimal algorithm based on Lagrange dual domain method to optimize the power allocation, subcarrier assignment and energy procurement. Numerical results illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme and algorithm.
Integrative taxonomy of Metrichia Ross (Trichoptera: Hydroptilidae: Ochrotrichiinae) microcaddisflies from Brazil: descriptions of twenty new species

Metrichia is assigned to the Ochrotrichiinae, a group of almost exclusively Neotropical microcaddisflies. Metrichia comprises over 100 described species and, despite its diversity, only one species has been described from Brazil so far. In this paper, we provide descriptions for 20 new species from 8 Brazilian states: M. acuminata sp. nov., M. azul sp. nov., M. bonita sp. nov., M. bracui sp. nov., M. caraca sp. nov., M. circuliforme sp. nov., M. curta sp. nov., M. farofa sp. nov., M. forceps sp. nov., M. formosinha sp. nov., M. goiana sp. nov., M. itabaiana sp. nov., M. longissima sp. nov., M. peluda sp. nov., M. rafaeli sp. nov., M. simples sp. nov., M. talhada sp. nov., M. tere sp. nov., M. ubajara sp. nov., and M. vulgaris sp. nov. DNA barcode sequences (577 bp of the mitochondrial gene COI) were generated for 13 of the new species and two previously known species of Metrichia resulting in 64 sequences. In addition, COI sequences were obtained for other genera of Ochrotrichiinae (Angrisanoia, Nothotrichia, Ochrotrichia, Ragatrichia, and Rhyacopsyche). DNA sequences and morphological data were integrated to evaluate species delimitations. K2P pairwise distances were calculated to generate a neighbor-joining tree. COI sequences also were submitted to ABGD and GMYC methods to assess ‘potential species’ delimitation. Analyses showed a conspicuous barcoding gap among Metrichia sequences (highest intraspecific divergence: 4.8%; lowest interspecific divergence: 12.6%). Molecular analyses also allowed the association of larvae and adults of Metrichia bonita sp. nov. from Mato Grosso do Sul, representing the first record of microcaddisfly larvae occurring in calcareous tufa (or travertine). ABGD results agreed with the morphological delimitation of Metrichia species, while GMYC estimated a slightly higher number of species, suggesting the division of two morphological species, each one into two potential species. Because this could be due to unbalanced sampling and the lack of morphological diagnostic characters, we have maintained these two species as undivided.
Controlled power point tracking for autonomous operation of PMSG based wind energy conversion system

With continuous depletion of conventional sources of energy, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECSs) are turning out to be one of the major players with immense potential to meet the future energy demands. These WECSs are quickly becoming primary source of energy in coastal regions, islands, where they operate in autonomous mode. In this paper, a control strategy for controlled power extraction from a WECS, operating in islanded mode is presented. The proposed control strategy enables limited as well as maximum power extraction from WECSs with desired load voltage profile while minimizing the installation as well as the operating costs associated with the use of expensive batteries in the system. The motive behind using batteries in the system is to facilitate transient stability and enhance reliability. As opposed to pitch angle control, in the present work, real power control is attained by field-oriented control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The operating point of the WECS is decided based on the wind turbine characteristics and the demanded power. Proper decoupling and feed-forward techniques have been deployed to eliminate cross-coupling and mitigate the effect of load side disturbances. Simulations are carried out under varying load demand as well as changing weather conditions to demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
The Wonderful Adventures of Nils

In this newly illustrated edition of the classic Swedish folk tale, Nils is shrunk to a tiny size by a dwarf, and carried across Sweden by a flock of wild geese to their summer home in the far North. Through many perils and exciting adventures, Nils wins the respect and love of the geese and finally returns home.
Reset Integral-Derivative Control for HDD Servo Systems

Ever-decreasing track width to nanometer level becomes a great challenge for servo systems to fulfill short-span seeking and track-following in hard-disk drives (HDDs). This paper utilizes the reset integral-derivative element (RIDE), an integral-derivative controller whose states are set to zero when its input is zero, in both single- and dual-stage HDD servo systems. The RIDE can reduce the overshoot of step response, which will speed up the short-span seeking operation. Furthermore, the capability to suppress output disturbances in track-following is also found to be improved. Compared with linear control methods for short-span seeking, our results show that the merits of reset design are the simpleness in implementation and the robustness to plant uncertainties
A 48-YEAR-OLD WOMAN WITH BREATHLESSNESS AND COUGH —

The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a clinical art, with the important management goals of early diagnosis and appropriate staging. A broad definition of the disease, as suggested by international guidelines, includes a finding of airflow obstruction that is not fully reversible plus an appropriate risk factor and chronic symptoms, including cough, sputum production, dyspnea, or chest tightness. The following case highlights the importance of spirometry in diagnosing COPD and in selecting appropriate initial therapy. The recent multinational participants of the GOLD (The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/World Health Organization Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD) workshop recommended a clear and comprehensive COPD management plan that includes the assessment and monitoring of disease, reduction of risk factors, and management of stable disease. Effective management was also defined to include preventing disease progression, alleviating symptoms, improving exercise tolerance, improving health status, preventing and treating complications, preventing and treating exacerbations, and reducing mortality. Thus, while smoking cessation remains the vital component in any comprehensive approach to the patient with COPD, the clinician must be cognizant of the full range of diagnostic challenges and therapeutic goals for these difficult-totreat patients. HISTORY The patient is a 48-year-old woman with progressive breathlessness and increased cough for 2 days. While admitting to at least 2 years of breathlessness with moderate exertion, she attributes these symptoms to poor conditioning from decreased activity and increased weight. She is currently breathless at climbing 1 to 2 flights of stairs. She walks at a normal pace on level ground and sleeps well without breathlessness or cough. An intermittent daytime wheeze has been noted. She has had no nasal symptoms or signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux. Her previous primary care practitioner prescribed a short-acting beta-agonist (MDI) to be used intermittently. However, the patient has used it infrequently as she has noted "no change. " She has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes each day for 30 years (ie, 60 pack-years). Because of her respiratory symptoms, she recently decreased her smoking to half a pack to1 pack per day. She has gained 30 pounds over the past year as her cigarette consumption decreased. She has a cat and dog in her home. She works as a glass etcher but has no other chemical exposures. There is no previous history of allergy, asthma, or cardiovascular disease. There is no family history of allergy, pulmonary disease, or skin disease.
Selective Transfer Learning for EEG-Based Drowsiness Detection

On the pathway from laboratory settings to real world environment, a major challenge on the development of a robust electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is to collect a significant amount of informative training data from each individual, which is labor intensive and time-consuming and thereby significantly hinders the applications of BCIs in real-world settings. A possible remedy for this problem is to leverage existing data from other subjects. However, substantial inter-subject variability of human EEG data could deteriorate more than improve the BCI performance. This study proposes a new transfer learning (TL)-based method that exploits a subject's pilot data to select auxiliary data from other subjects to enhance the performance of an EEG-based BCI for drowsiness detection. This method is based on our previous findings that the EEG correlates of drowsiness were stable within individuals across sessions and an individual's pilot data could be used as calibration/training data to build a robust drowsiness detector. Empirical results of this study suggested that the feasibility of leveraging existing BCI models built by other subjects' data and a relatively small amount of subject-specific pilot data to develop a BCI that can outperform the BCI based solely on the pilot data of the subject.
New therapeutic targets for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most devastating neurological disorders, affecting approximately half a million people worldwide. Currently there is no cure or prevention for ALS. Although ALS is a rare condition, it places a tremendous socioeconomic burden on patients, family members, caregivers and health systems. Areas covered: The review examines the mechanisms that may contribute to motor neuron degeneration in ALS, among which oxidative damage, glutatamate excitoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired axonal transport, apoptotic cell death, growth factor deficiency, glial cell pathology and abnormal RNA metabolism are potential targets for ALS treatment. The article provides an overview of clinical trials performed to date in attempts to treat ALS with regard to molecular mechanisms and pathways they act on. It also discusses new trials based on recently developed molecular biology techniques. Expert opinion: Despite significant effectiveness of several potential therapeutics observed in preclinical trials, the results were not translatable to patients with ALS. The development of effective treatments of ALS strictly depends on understanding the primary cause of the disease. This goal will only be achieved when we identify the trigger point for motor neuron death in ALS.
A Trust Based Threshold Cryptography Key Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

The characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks cause a number of challenges to security design such as lack of infrastructure, shared wireless medium, stringent resource constraints and highly dynamic topology. Key management is a central aspect for security in mobile ad hoc networks. While central servers generate and distribute the keys in traditional wired networks, distributive key management systems are used in mobile ad hoc networks. Trust establishment and management are essential for any security framework of MANETs. Threshold cryptography has proved to be an effective scheme for key management and distribution. In this paper we propose a trust based threshold cryptography key management scheme for MANETs. In the proposed scheme, threshold cryptography supports security association establishment between mobile nodes in a web of trust. It enables the source and the destination nodes to successfully complete a certificate chain discovery even if the number of trusted nodes in the neighborhood of the requesting nodes is very low. The advantages of the proposed scheme are justified through extensive simulations.
B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia: practical aspects

B‐CLL is the most common adult leukemia in the Western world. It is a neoplasia of mature looking B‐monoclonal lymphocytes co‐expressing the CD5 antigen (involving the blood, the bone marrow, the lymph nodes and related organs). Much new information about the nature of the neoplastic cells, including chromosomal and molecular changes as well as mechanisms participating in the survival of the leukemic clone have been published recently, in an attempt to elucidate the biology of the disease and identify prognostic subgroups. For the time being, clinical stage based on Rai and Binet staging systems remains the strongest predictor of prognosis and patients' survival, and therefore it affects treatment decisions. In the early stages treatment may be delayed until progression. When treatment is necessary according to well‐established criteria, there are nowadays many different options. Chlorambucil has been the standard regimen for many years. During the last decade novel modalities have been tried with the emphasis on fludarabine and 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine and their combinations with other drugs. Such an approach offers greater probability of a durable complete remission but no effect on overall survival has been clearly proven so far. Other modalities, included in the therapeutic armamentarium, are monoclonal antibodies, stem cell transplantation (autologous or allogeneic) and new experimental drugs. Supportive care is an important part of patient management and it involves restoring hypogammaglobulinemia and disease‐related anemia by polyvalent immunoglobulin administration and erythropoietin respectively. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Grumpy Bin: Reducing Food Waste Through Playful Social Interactions

Domestic food waste is a world-wide problem that is complex and difficult to tackle as it touches diverse habits and social behaviors. This paper introduces the Grumpy Bin, a smart food waste bin designed for the context of student housing. The Grumpy Bin contributes to the state of the art of food waste prevention solutions by challenging the traditional approach on pervasive technology, which is commonly based on system-driven judgements and persuasive data representations. Instead, this design empowers users and their social acquaintances to collectively judge their actions, hence adding a layer of social mediation that is likely to increase the chance for behavior change.
Cortico-hippocampal salvage in chronic aluminium induced neurodegeneration by Celastrus paniculatus seed oil: Neurobehavioural, biochemical, histological study

Objective: To investigate the effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil in preventing the onset of chronic aluminum induced cortico-hippocampal neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: An animal model of senile dementia of Alzheimer's type was produced by administering aluminum as aluminum chloride (4.2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to male Wistar rats for 60 days and results compared to untreated control. Neurobehavioral investigations of Morris water maze tests, passive avoidance test, rotarod test and biochemical estimations of acetylcholineterase, malondialdehyde, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, and hemoglobin in blood were performed fortnightly which gauged the extent of global oxidative stress and progressive neural damage. Findings were fortified by the above enzyme assays and histology of brain at necropsy. Prophylactic oral C. paniculatus in two doses 0.5 ml and 1 ml, were given to animals and the results were analyzed in comparison to a similar rodent model with standard drug donepezil (0.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Results: C. paniculatus showed a significant prevention in onset of aluminum induced neural insult and overall systemic oxidative stress which was corroborated by the enlisted neurobehavioral, biochemical, and histological evidence. Conclusion: C. paniculatus is a putative decelerator of Al-mediated Alzheimer's like pathobiology.
Combining Self Learning and Active Learning for Chinese Named Entity Recognition

This paper proposes a combination of active learning and self-training method to reduce the labeling effort for Chinese Named Entity Recognition (NER). Active learning and self-training are two different ways to use unlabeled data. They are complement when choosing unlabeled data for further training. A new strategy based on Information Density (ID) for sample selecting in sequential labeling problem is also proposed, which is suitable for both active learning and self-training. Conditional Random Fields (CRFs) is chosen as the underlying model for active learning and self-training in the proposed approach due to its promising performance in many sequence labeling tasks. Experiment results show the effect of the proposed method. On Sighan bakeoff 2006 MSRA NER corpus, an F1 score of 77.4% is achieved by using only 15,000 training sentences chosen by the proposed hybrid method.